tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-141 A Positive Complement Dependent Cytotoxic (cdc) Crossmatch Does Not Impact On Patient Survival Or Increase The Risk Of Acute Cellular Rejection, Or Biliary Strictures After Liver Transplantation
Authors: J Dyson, V Carter, M Hudson, DM Manas, S Masson
Journal: Gut (2014)

Introduction The impact of donor specific antibodies on outcomes after liver transplantation remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a positive lymphocyte complement dependent cytotoxic (CDC) crossmatch on patient survival and the incidence of complications following liver transplantation (LT). Methods We analysed the outcomes for all patients undergoing LT in our centre over a 6 year period (January 2007–December 2012). All patients transplanted at our centre receive a retrospective CDC crossmatch. We examined the indication for transplantation, patient survival, complications (acute cellular rejection, biliary strictures, chronic ductopaenic rejection) and whether the complications correlated to the presence of a positive crossmatch pre- and post-treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT) for IgM/IgG or IgG antibodies. Results There were 194 liver transplants performed in this period (60% male). A crossmatch was available for 186 patients. The median age of the recipients was 55 years (range 19–71 years). The primary indications for LT were alcoholic liver disease 31%, autoimmune liver disease 18%, hepatocellular carcinoma 11%, viral hepatitis 9%, vascular 7.5%, paracetamol toxicity 7.5%, NAFLD 5% and other 11%. There were 12 deaths (6.5%) in the time period studied. 76 patients had a positive crossmatch and of these 13 were IgG positive (i.e., positive post-DTT treatment). Patient survival did not correlate with the presence of an IgM or IgG positive crossmatch (Fisher’s exact test, p = 1.000 for both). Acute cellular rejection (ACR) requiring augmentation of immunosuppression occurred in 38 patients (20%). Neither a positive IgM crossmatch (Chi-square test, p = 0.094) or a positive IgG crossmatch (Fisher’s exact test, p = 1.000) correlated with the incidence of ACR. Clinically significant biliary strictures occurred in 14 patients (7.5%). The presence of a positive crossmatch did not correlate with the incidence of strictures (Chi square test, p = 0.124 for IgM antibodies and Fisher’s exact test, p = 1.000 for IgG antibodies). Only 1 patient developed chronic ductopaenic rejection in our cohort. Conclusion The presence of antibodies to donor lymphocytes (detectable by the CDC crossmatch) does not affect patient survival or the incidence of acute cellular rejection and biliary anastomotic strictures. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
In vivo ultrasound assessment of respiratory function of abdominal muscles in normal subjects
Authors: G Misuri, S Colagrande, M Gorini, I Iandelli, M Mancini, R Duranti, G Scano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Ultrasonography has recently been proposed for assessing changes in thickness and motion of the diaphragm during contraction in humans. Data on ultrasound assessment of abdominal muscles in humans are scarce. We therefore investigated the changes in thickness and the relevant mechanical effects of abdominal muscles using this technique during respiratory manoeuvres in normal subjects. We evaluated the thickness of the abdominal muscle layers in six normal male subjects (aged 26-36 yrs) using a 7.5 MHz B-mode ultrasound transducer. Gastric (Pg) and mouth pressures, muscle thickness of external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), transversus abdominis (TA) and rectus abdominis (RA) were assessed at functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), during progressive (PEEs) and maximal expiratory efforts (MEEs) against a closed airway and during homolateral (HTR) and contralateral (CTR) trunk rotation. Abdominal muscle thickness was found to be reproducible (coefficient of variation and two-way analysis of variance). Compared to FRC, the thickness of IO, TA and RA significantly increased at RV and during MEEs, whereas EO remained unchanged; at TLC, the thickness of IO and TA significantly decreased. During PEEs, a significant relationship between increase in Pg and TA thickness was observed in all subjects, the thickness of the other abdominal muscles being inconsistently related to Pg. Finally, a significant increase in the thickness of IO and EO was found during HTR and CTR, respectively. We conclude that during maximal expiratory manoeuvres, transversus abdominis, internal oblique and rectus abdominis thickened similarly. Transversus abdominis seems to be the major contributor in generating abdominal expiratory pressure during progressive expiratory efforts. External oblique seems to be preferentially involved during trunk rotation. These results suggest the possible value of studying the abdominal muscles by ultrasonography in various respiratory disorders.
THE RECORDING OSCILLOMETER IN ORTHOPEDIC PRACTICE
Authors: Fremont A. Chandler
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The circulation of blood through the extremities has been known to be of basic importance since the dawn of medical knowledge, and devices for its measurement date back almost as far. Aristotle<sup>1</sup>(384 to 332 B.C.) and other ancients were aware that pulsations occurred in the peripheral blood vessels, but it was not until after Harvey's<sup>2</sup>classic description of the hemodynamics of circulation in 1628 that Francis Glisson (1597 to 1677) developed the first crude mechanical device for the measurement of peripheral circulation. It consisted of a plethysmograph for the measurement of changes in the size of a part due to changes in the circulation in the part. A similar instrument for the measurement of muscular contraction was developed by Jan Swammerdam (1637 to 1686).<sup>3</sup> Since that time many investigators have added ideas and mechanical devices for the measurement of peripheral blood flow. Among the most recent
Danazol and Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Leonard E. Gately
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1988Danazol and Erythema MultiformeLeonard E. Gately III, MD, W. Abe Andes, MDLeonard E. Gately III, MDSearch for more papers by this author, W. Abe Andes, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-85_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Danazol was initially used for inhibition of the pituitary-ovarian axis and treatment of angioedema due to deficiency of C'1 esterase inhibitor. Side effects are generally related to hormonal changes and fluid retention. Hypersensitivity reactions are not prominent. Danazol has recently been used as a therapeutic agent in some autoimmune diseases such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (1-3). We report the cases of two patients who developed erythema multiforme while receiving danazol (Danocrine; Winthrop-Breon, New York, New York).A 49-year-old man had profuse bleeding from lacerations due to a motor vehicle accident. His platelet count was...References1. AhnHarringtonMylvaganamAyubPall YWRJL. Danazol therapy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:298-301. LinkGoogle Scholar2. AhnHarringtonSimonMylvaganamPallSo YWSRLA. Danazol for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1396-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KornbergYonaIukleaKaufman ARSS. Danazol and myelodysplastic syndromes. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:443-4. LinkGoogle Scholar4. HuffWestonTonnesen JWM. Erythema multiforme: a critical review of characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and causes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983;8:763-75. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leonard E. GatelyIII, MD; W. Abe Andes, MDAffiliations: Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, LA 70112 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySex hormones and related compounds including hormonal contraceptives 1 July 1988Volume 109, Issue 1Page: 85-85KeywordsAutoimmune diseasesErythemaEsterasesHemolytic anemiaHemorrhageHypersensitivityLacerationsPlatelets ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Nurturing Yesterday's Child: A Portrayal of the Drake Collection of Paediatric History
Authors: Hugh A. Carithers
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ABSTRACT Picture a beautiful, large, coffee-table book, with an arresting dust jacket, that deals with artifacts, rare books, prints, and stamps concerned with children from 1000 BCE to modern times. That describes Nurturing Yesterday's Child. Moreover, it is graced with a literate text, several hundred color illustrations, a bibliography, and an adequate index.The book is presented by two members of the staff of The Museum of the History of Medicine, Academy of Medicine, Toronto, Canada. This institution received from the estate of Dr T. G. H. Drake, who died in 1959, a unique collection of material dealing with children through the ages. Dr Drake was a pediatrician and the principal developer of Pablum, the first solid food fed to millions of children in this century. His collection, perhaps the largest of its kind in the world, contains over 1000 artifacts, 1500 rare books, 1000 coins and medals, and about 1000
Cardiac Glycosides Inhibit p53 Synthesis by a Mechanism Relieved by Src or MAPK Inhibition
Authors: Zhen Wang, Min Zheng, Zhichuan Li, Ruiguo Li, Lijun Jia, Xiufang Xiong, Noel Southall, Shaomeng Wang, Menghang Xia, Christopher P. Austin, Wei Zheng, Zijian Xie, Yi Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract p53 is regulated at multiple levels. We report here that p53, in multiple lines of human cancer cells, is down-regulated by cardiac glycoside drugs digoxin and ouabain, potent inhibitors of Na+/K+-ATPase. These drugs reduced the basal levels of p53 protein at nanomolar concentrations in a dose-, time-, and cancer cell line–dependent manner, but independent of p53 status of wild-type or mutant. The drugs also reduced the levels of p53 induced by its activators as well as p53 transfected into human cancer cells, regardless of its status. Interestingly, the drugs had no effect on endogenous p53 in two immortalized human cell lines. Mechanistically, p53 reduction occurred not at the mRNA levels but at the protein levels, as a result of reduced protein synthesis rather than enhanced degradation. The cellular sensitivity to drug-induced p53 reduction was not associated with the levels of αsubunits of Na+/K+-ATPase in different cell lines. Although lowering extracellular K+ did not reduce p53 as did ouabain and digoxin, it did potentiate both digoxin- and ouabain-induced p53 reduction in sensitive lines. Finally, p53 reduction seems to be triggered by activation of Src/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways upon drug binding to the Na+/K+-ATPase and can be completely blocked by the inhibitors of Src or MAP/ERK kinase. This is the first report that cardiac glycoside drugs, by initiating the Src/MAPK signaling pathways, reduce the p53 levels via inhibition of p53 protein synthesis. The drugs may be useful in the treatment of human cancers with a gain-of-function p53 mutation. [Cancer Res 2009;69(16):6556–64]
The sensorimotor contingency of multisensory localization correlates with the conscious percept of spatial unity
Authors: Gwendolyn E. Roberson, Mark T. Wallace, James A. Schirillo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Two cross-modal experiments provide partial support for O'Regan &amp; Noë's (O&amp;N's) claim that sensorimotor contingencies mediate perception. Differences in locating a target sound accompanied by a spatially disparate neutral light correlate with whether the two stimuli were perceived as spatially unified. This correlation suggests that internal representations are necessary for conscious perception, which may also mediate sensorimotor contingencies.
BONE SPECT IN EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH SPINAL FUSION
Authors: A. Bhatnagar, P. K. Rehm, F. C. Henderson, T. E. Ellmer, B. T. Davis, F. Feigenbaum
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Bhatnagar, A.; Rehm, P. K.; Henderson, F. C.; Ellmer, T. E.; Davis, B. T.; Feigenbaum, F. Author Information
Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban Use in Atrial Fibrillation Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Kevin E. Chan, Elazer R. Edelman, Julia B. Wenger, Ravi I. Thadhani, Franklin W. Maddux
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Dabigatran and rivaroxaban are new oral anticoagulants that are eliminated through the kidneys. Their use in dialysis patients is discouraged because these drugs can bioaccumulate to precipitate inadvertent bleeding. We wanted to determine whether prescription of dabigatran or rivaroxaban was occurring in the dialysis population and whether these practices were safe. Methods and Results— Prevalence plots were used to describe the point prevalence (monthly) of dabigatran and rivaroxaban use among 29 977 hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation. Poisson regression compared the rate of bleeding, stroke, and arterial embolism in patients who started dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin. The first record of dabigatran prescription among hemodialysis patients occurred 45 days after the drug became available in the United States. Since then, dabigatran and rivaroxaban use in the atrial fibrillation–end-stage renal disease population has steadily risen where 5.9% of anticoagulated dialysis patients are started on dabigatrian or rivaroxaban. In covariate adjusted Poisson regression, dabigatran (rate ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.81; P =0.0001) and rivaroxaban (rate ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.83; P =0.04) associated with a higher risk of hospitalization or death from bleeding when compared with warfarin. The risk of hemorrhagic death was even larger with dabigatran (rate ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–2.68; P =0.006) and rivaroxaban (rate ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–3.12; P =0.07) relative to warfarin. There were too few events in the study to detect meaningful differences in stroke and arterial embolism between the drug groups. Conclusions— More dialysis patients are being started on dabigatran and rivaroxaban, even when their use is contraindicated and there are no studies to support that the benefits outweigh the risks of these drugs in end-stage renal disease.
Hematuria Associated With Soda Pop Drinking
Authors: Daniel M. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The summer of 1963 was hot in Kansas and everyone was thirsty. In July 1963 a 63-year-old man was seen with hematuria. Initially, no cultures were taken, and he was treated with a sulfa preparation. He made no improvement, and gross hematuria continued for the next ten days. He was hospitalized, and a complete urological workup was done, including urine culture, cystoscopy with retrograde pyelogram, and individual cultures from each ureter. Workup results were completely normal. On the third day of his hospitalization, the hematuria stopped, and there was no further hematuria for the next several days. A few days later an 18-year-old was seen with gross hematuria. He was not treated but was immediately hospitalized for the complete urological workup, the results were also within normal limits. Hematuria stopped on the third day of hospitalization. Both of these patients were released to return to work on
Magnesium whitlockite deposition in articular cartilage: a study of 80 specimens from 70 patients.
Authors: C A Scotchford, S Y Ali
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To examine articular cartilage from a number of joint sites, using a large sample group, for the presence of magnesium whitlockite crystal deposition. METHODS--Articular cartilage specimens were taken from a total of 70 patients. The majority of specimens were taken from femoral heads, with smaller numbers from femoral condyle, tibial plateau, radius, ulna, and several small peripheral joints. Normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage specimens were obtained from patients undergoing prosthesis replacement or amputation. Specimens were resin embedded and examined using transmission electron microscopy and x ray microanalysis. RESULTS--Magnesium whitlockite crystals were identified, on the basis of morphology, size and elemental composition, in articular cartilage from all sites sampled. The distribution of crystals was similar in all samples (restricted to the superficial zone), although the density of deposition was extremely variable, with the greatest density observed in femoral head specimens. No magnesium whitlockite crystals were observed in osteophytic or epiphysial cartilage. CONCLUSIONS--This study demonstrated the widespread extent of magnesium whitlockite deposition in human articular cartilage, albeit at much lower density than previously reported in femoral head articular cartilage. In consideration of possible roles for these crystals in articular cartilage, it is concluded that an opportunistic mode of formation, possibly influenced by mechanical stresses, would be most plausible.
Accumulation of Tc-99m-Sulfur Colloid by the Lung and Kidney Following Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: F W SMITH, R G BROWN, J M ASH, D L GILDAY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A patient is described who demonstrated accumulation of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid in both the lung and kidney following treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation. This phenomenon has been demonstrated experimentally in animals following the induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation, but to our knowledge has not been previously described in humans.
Abstract P1-10-11: Outcome of Patients with Early Breast Cancer Is Not Related to Their State of Social or Health Insurance
Authors: JK Jueckstock, BK Rack, WJ Janni, A Brandelik, C Scholz, K. Friese
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Recent studies in the US showed a relationship between the state of social or health insurance of cancer patients and their overall survival. [1-3] In Germany 91% of all women are estimated to have a compulsory health insurance whereas 9% have private health coverage. There are no patients without any health insurance in Germany. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 1846 german patients with early breast cancer the correlation between state of social and health insurance and overall survival was investigated. 59.6% of the patients had a social insurance whereas 40.4% had none. 69.1% of the patients carried compulsory health insurance while 30.9% had private coverage. Among the patients with compulsory health insurance 56.6% had had a professional education and 41.5% were employed whereas among the patients with private coverage 66.2% were professionally experienced and 43.9% were working. Age, tumor size, lymph node metastases, grading and both hormone and her2-status were well balanced between the two groups. 25.4% of all patients had undergone mastectomy and 72.6% had had a breast conserving therapy. In 2.0% of the patients no surgery was performed. 33.6% of all patients received adjuvant chemotherapy while endocrine therapy or radiotherapy was administered to 40.1% and 61.1% respectively. Results: Overall survival as expected was strongly correlated to established prognostic factors such as age, tumor size, lymph node status, and grading (p&amp;lt; 0.001) respectively. However, overall survival of the patients did not correlate to either social (p= 0.110) or health (p= 0.659) insurance state. Neither did the professional education of the patients play a role concerning overall survival (p= 0. 217.. Conclusions: Unlike the American results there was no correlation seen between state of social or health insurance for german early breast cancer patients. Thus, although patients with private coverage are supposed to receive more intensive medical care, outcome for these patients concerning overall survival is not better than for patients with compulsory insurance. Literature: 1. Banerjee M, George J, Yee C, Hryniuk W, Schwartz K.: Disentangling the effects of race on breast cancer treatment. Cancer. 2007 Nov 15;110(10):2169-77. 2. Griggs JJ, Culakova E, Sorbero ME, Poniewierski MS, Wolff DA, Crawford J, Dale DC, Lyman GH. Social and racial differences in selection of breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jun 20;25(18):2522-7. 3. Brookfield KF, Cheung MC, Lucci J, Fleming LE, Koniaris LG. Disparities in survival among women with invasive cervical cancer : a problem of access to care. Cancer. 2008 Dec 18. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-11.
A FEW REMARKS ON THE EARLY HISTORY OF RECTAL DISEASES.
Authors: S. G. GANT
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In the selection of historic medicine for my subject, I am well aware that I have chosen one that is rarely touched upon in medical societies and the cur- rent literature of the day.The study of the history and progress of medicine has ever been of great interest to me.I well remember, when holding down the benches at college, how the class used to enjoy a brief change from our routine lectures, when one of the professors would tell us about the heroes of med- icine hundreds of years ago, and how such men as Hippocrates, Celsus, Galen, and others of the ancients, practiced the art and science of medicine; we lis- tened attentively and marveled at their accuracy of diagnosis and the practical manner in which they effected a cure; this, too, with their meager knowl- edge of anatomy and physiology.The science of medicine and surgery extends its inquiries over such a vast field, and comprehends such an enormous mass of facts and observations, that it would be impossible in a paper of this length to give more than a brief resume of the history of one special department of medicine, which, I trust will be of some interest to this society, viz., that of rectal diseases.I believe with that scholarly physician, William Bodenhamer, that there is no class of diseases within the whole range of medical literature which has a more ancient history, a more hoary antiquity, and a more conspicuous sacredness than some forms of rec- tal disease.In fact, the history of this class of dis- eases embraces all ages, including Hebraic, ancient and modern history.Medical men have, from the time of Adam down to the present day, devoted much time and study to these diseases.The first recorded
Protease-triggered siRNA delivery vehicles
Authors: David B. Rozema, Andrei V. Blokhin, Darren H. Wakefield, Jonathan D. Benson, Jeffrey C. Carlson, Jason J. Klein, Lauren J. Almeida, Anthony L. Nicholas, Holly L. Hamilton, Qili Chu, Julia O. Hegge, So C. Wong, Vladimir S. Trubetskoy, Collin M. Hagen, Eric Kitas, Jon A. Wolff, David L. Lewis
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)

The safe and efficacious delivery of membrane impermeable therapeutics requires cytoplasmic access without the toxicity of nonspecific cytoplasmic membrane lysis. We have developed a mechanism for control of cytoplasmic release which utilizes endogenous proteases as a trigger and results in functional delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). The delivery approach is based on reversible inhibition of membrane disruptive polymers with protease-sensitive substrates. Proteolytic hydrolysis upon endocytosis restores the membrane destabilizing activity of the polymers thereby allowing cytoplasmic access of the co-delivered siRNA. Protease-sensitive polymer masking reagents derived from polyethylene glycol (PEG), which inhibit membrane interactions, and N-acetylgalactosamine, which targets asialoglycoprotein receptors on hepatocytes, were synthesized and used to formulate masked polymer-siRNA delivery vehicles. The size, charge and stability of the vehicles enable functional delivery of siRNA after subcutaneous administration and, with modification of the targeting ligand, have the potential for extrahepatic targeting.