tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Autistic-Like Traits in Unaffected Siblings of Probands With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Stelios Georgiades, Peter Szatmari, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Susan Bryson, Jessica Brian, Wendy Roberts, Isabel Smith, Tracy Vaillancourt, Caroline Roncadin, Nancy Garon
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2012)

The presence of autistic-like traits in relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is well recognized, but, to our knowledge, the emergence of these traits early in development has not been studied.To prospectively investigate the emergence of autistic-like traits in unaffected (no ASD diagnosis) infant siblings of probands diagnosed as having ASD.Two groups of children unaffected with ASD were assessed prospectively-siblings of probands diagnosed as having ASD (high risk [HR]) and control subjects with no family history of ASD (low risk [LR]). Scores on a measure of autistic-like traits at 12 months of age were used in a cluster analysis of the entire sample.A prospective study of infant siblings of probands with ASD from 3 diagnostic centers in Canada.The study included 170 HR and 90 LR children, none of whom was diagnosed as having ASD at age 3 years.The Autism Observation Scale for Infants was used to measure autistic-like traits and derive clusters at 12 months of age. Clusters were compared on ASD symptoms, cognitive abilities, and social-emotional difficulties at age 3 years.Two clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 37; 14.2% of total sample) had significantly higher levels of autistic-like traits compared with cluster 2. Within cluster 1, 33 children came from the siblings (19.4% of HR group) and only 4 came from the control subjects (4.5% of LR group). At age 3 years, children from cluster 1 had more social-communication impairment (effect size > 0.70; P < .001), lower cognitive abilities (effect size = -0.59; P < .005), and more internalizing problems (effect size = 0.55; P = .01). Compared with control subjects, HR siblings had a relative risk of 4.3 (95% CI,1.6-11.9) for membership in cluster 1.Study findings suggest the emergence of autistic-like traits resembling a broader autism phenotype by 12 months of age in approximately 19% of HR siblings who did not meet ASD diagnostic criteria at age 3 years.
Platelet adhesion and aggregation.
Authors: J R O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the maternal course and neonatal outcomes for women using buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid dependence in pregnancy. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes for the group of pregnant patients exposed to buprenorphine-naloxone with outcomes for those exposed to other narcotics and those not exposed to narcotics. <h3>Setting</h3> Northwestern Ontario obstetric program. <h3>Participants</h3> A total of 640 births in an 18-month period from July 1, 2013, to January 1, 2015. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Maternal outcomes included route and time of delivery, medical and surgical complications, out-of hospital deliveries, change in illicit drug use, and length of stay. Neonatal outcomes included stillbirths, incidence and severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome, birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores, and incidence of congenital abnormalities. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty pregnant women used buprenorphine-naloxone for a mean (SD) of 18.8 (11.2) weeks; an additional 134 patients were exposed to other opioids; 476 pregnant women were not exposed to opioids. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar among the 3 groups, other than the expected clinically insignificant lower birth weights among those exposed to opioids other than buprenorphine-naloxone. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Buprenorphine-naloxone appears to be safe for use in pregnancy for opioid-dependence substitution therapy. Transferring a pregnant patient to another opioid agonist that has greater abuse potential might not be necessary.
Methemoglobinemia From Artificial Fingernail Solution
Authors: Jerrold B. Leikin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Fingernail care products account for a significant number of pediatric poisonings in the United States with a total of 19 342 pediatric exposures (resulting in 1 fatality) recorded by regional Poison Control Centers in 1995.<sup>1</sup>Nail polishes and nail polish removers may contain a variety of hydrocarbon-based solvents while nail adhesives usually contain various acrylic ester monomers. The chemical<i>N,N</i>-dimethyl-<i>p</i>-toluidine is a chemical commonly found in artificial fingernail solutions. Its oxidation metabolite phenylhydroxylamine is presumably one of the most potent chemical producers of methemoglobin.<sup>2,3</sup>We describe a case of ingestion by an infant of this chemical resulting in methemoglobinemia. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A healthy 5-month-old boy was unintentionally fed about 30 mL of artificial fingernail solution (Fast Set Acrylic Liquid for Nails by Procare) by his 6-year-old sibling. The product was a strong-smelling, clear liquid containing unspecified concentrations of acrylic ester
Risk factors influencing the development of hand eczema in a population-based twin sample
Authors: L.E. Bryld, C. Hindsberger, K.O. Kyvik, T. Agner, T. Menne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background A population‐based twin study has recently shown that genetic factors are of significance for hand eczema. Objectives To characterize further a sample of this twin material with regard to contact allergy, atopic dermatitis and wet work. Methods In total, 1076 individual twins were examined clinically and patch tested. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was based on the U.K. Working Party criteria. The decision concerning wet work was based on the individual job description, taking into account the later introduced definition of at least 2 h of water exposure daily. The data were analysed by a newly developed statistical method which makes it possible to analyse the individual risk factor and at the same time discriminate between genetic and environmental factors. Results The statistical analysis confirmed atopic dermatitis as an important risk factor for hand eczema. Contact allergy was also confirmed as a significant risk factor for hand eczema, and the risk was related to strength (+ to + + +) of contact allergy. The results indicated that the high frequency of hand eczema in women in comparison with men was caused by environmental and not genetic factors. Aggregation of hand eczema within twin pairs was only to a minor degree explained by atopic dermatitis and nickel allergy (or other contact allergies). Conclusions We suggest that a hitherto unrecognized genetic risk factor for hand eczema independent of atopic dermatitis and contact allergy is probably of importance for the development of irritant contact dermatitis on the hands.
Symptom Substitution After Symptom Removal
Authors: Herbert E. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To The Editor.—</h3> Increasing interest in behavior therapy and the increasingly frequent use of hypnosis in recent years has suggested that the old dogma that symptom removal inevitably leads to symptom substitution is not true. Yates,<sup>1</sup>and Ullman and Krasner<sup>2</sup>have dismissed symptom substitution as a psychoanalytic myth. In denouncing the danger of symptom removal by hypnosis, Spiegel<sup>3</sup>reported four cases treated without symptom substitution "in addition to thousands of recorded and unrecorded cases of helpful symptom removal accomplished without danger." The following case offers a striking example that symptom removal may on occasion result in symptom substitution. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 57-year-old woman with complaints of severe abdominal pain had discoid lupus erythematosus for 30 years. Following an iliac bypass, six months prior to her transfer from another hospital, postoperative jaundice led to prolonged recuperation. Liver function eventually returned to normal. At the time of
Burns From Contact With Wet Cement or Hardening Concrete
Authors: Fredrick L. Minn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to clarify minor inaccuracies in an interesting report entitled "Caustic Burns From Contact With Wet Cement."<sup>1</sup>The word<i>cement</i>in the title and case studies should probably be replaced with<i>concrete</i>, since cement per se is unlikely to be used in construction without the addition of sand and gravel. Furthermore, as concrete hardens, the calcium hydroxide reacts with the admixed sand to form calcium silicate, which is noncaustic. This reaction is highly exothermic and can easily add thermal injury to the chemical injury. Finally, the solubility of calcium hydroxide in water is remarkably low, and the presence of a slurry in contact with the liquid is almost certainly a prerequisite for denaturing of protein and for the wounds pictured in this article.
NARRATION
Authors: Iris S. McRae
Journal: JAMA (1968)

season. Many factors contribute to the growing obsolescence of Christmas cards: declining human pedal capaci¬ ty to go from store to store to select them; the ease of telephoning; the in¬ creasing number of prospective recipi¬ ents in an expanding population; and the ludicrousness of perpetuating van¬ ishing symbols (trees, long-skirted an¬ gels, open countryside, sleighs, etc). This communication reports a test of human reaction to themes used in this traditional and time-consuming practice of sending holiday greetings.
Income and standards of living of disabled people.
Authors: R. G. Hull, A. Frank, P. J. Prouse
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In our view Dr Bradley and his colleagues have failed to produce sufficiently secure evidence to allow them to conclude that in all infants of diabetic mothers growth is promoted to such a degree that "they should be considered to be at risk of the biochemical and mechanical consequences of macrosomia," and we express our concern that this conclusion may lead to an unnecessary and undesirable increase in the already high rate of caesarean sections in diabetic women.
Deaths and Cardiovascular Events in Men Receiving Testosterone—Reply
Authors: P. Michael Ho, Anna E. Barón, Margaret E. Wierman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Shared Genetic Causes of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Children and Adults
Authors: Hiroyuki Morita, Heidi L. Rehm, Andres Menesses, Barbara McDonough, Amy E. Roberts, Raju Kucherlapati, Jeffrey A. Towbin, J.G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The childhood onset of idiopathic cardiac hypertrophy that occurs without a family history of cardiomyopathy can portend a poor prognosis. Despite morphologic similarities to genetic cardiomyopathies of adulthood, the contribution of genetics to childhood-onset hypertrophy is unknown.We assessed the family and medical histories of 84 children (63 boys and 21 girls) with idiopathic cardiac hypertrophy diagnosed before 15 years of age (mean [+/-SD] age, 6.99+/-6.12 years). We sequenced eight genes: MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TNNI3, TPM1, MYL3, MYL2, and ACTC. These genes encode sarcomere proteins that, when mutated, cause adult-onset cardiomyopathies. We also sequenced PRKAG2 and LAMP2, which encode metabolic proteins; mutations in these genes can cause early-onset ventricular hypertrophy.We identified mutations in 25 of 51 affected children without family histories of cardiomyopathy and in 21 of 33 affected children with familial cardiomyopathy. Among 11 of the 25 children with presumed sporadic disease, 4 carried new mutations and 7 inherited the mutations. Mutations occurred predominantly (in >75% of the children) in MYH7 and MYBPC3; significantly more MYBPC3 missense mutations were detected than occur in adult-onset cardiomyopathy (P<0.005). Neither hypertrophic severity nor contractile function correlated with familial or genetic status. Cardiac transplantation and sudden death were more prevalent among mutation-positive than among mutation-negative children; implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were more frequent (P=0.007) in children with family histories that were positive for the mutation.Genetic causes account for about half of presumed sporadic cases and nearly two thirds of familial cases of childhood-onset hypertrophy. Childhood-onset hypertrophy should prompt genetic analyses and family evaluations.
Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: F. R. Davey, R. B. Davis, J. M. Maccallum, D. A. Nelson, R. J. Mayer, E. D. Ball, J. D. Griffin, C. A. Schiffer, C. D. Bloomfield
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract The existence of two distinct subtypes of acute promyelocytic leukemia was confirmed and characterized based on morphologic features of leukemic cells in a series of 63 patients studied by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB). Seventeen patients (27%) had microgranular leukemic cells (M3V), and 46 patients (73%) had hypergranular leukemic cells (M3). These patient cohorts were studied for other laboratory and clinical features. Leukemic cells from M3V patients stained less frequently than leukemic cells from M3 patients for myeloperoxidase (median, 93% vs. 99%; P =.006), periodic acid‐Schiff (median, 57% vs. 92%; P =.0001), ASD‐chloroacetate esterase (median, 45% vs. 87%; P &lt;.0001), and alpha‐naphthyl acetate esterase (0% vs. 37%; P =.003). Patients with M3V had a higher platelet count (median, 50 vs. 30 × 10 9 /L; P =.01) and tended to have a higher leukocyte count (median, 7.4 vs. 2.2 × 10 9 /L; P =.06) than M3 patients. The patients with M3V morphology were more likely to be nonwhite (29% vs. 7%; P =.03), female (71% vs. 37%; P =.02), and to be infected at the time of presentation (71% vs. 35%; P =.02). No differences in the frequency of the t(15;17) karyotype or the immunopheno‐typic expression of the leukemic cells were noted in the two morphologic subtypes of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Fewer patients with M3V tended to enter complete remission (65% vs. 80%; P =.20), but no significant differences were found in the duration of complete remission ( P =.81; 1 year rate, 50% vs. 85%), or probability of survival ( P =.67; 1 year rate, 49% vs. 68%).
Guidelines for prevention and control of group A streptococcal infection in acute healthcare and maternity settings in the UK
Authors: Jane A. Steer, Theresa Lamagni, Brendan Healy, Marina Morgan, Matthew Dryden, Bhargavi Rao, Shiranee Sriskandan, Robert George, Androulla Efstratiou, Fiona Baker, Alex Baker, Doreen Marsden, Elizabeth Murphy, Carole Fry, Neil Irvine, Rhona Hughes, Paul Wade, Rebecca Cordery, Amelia Cummins, Isabel Oliver, Mervi Jokinen, Jim McMenamin, Joe Kearney
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Accuracy of LightCycler® SeptiFast for the detection and identification of pathogens in the blood of patients with suspected sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paul Dark, Bronagh Blackwood, Simon Gates, Danny McAuley, Gavin D. Perkins, Ronan McMullan, Claire Wilson, Daniel Graham, Kate Timms, Geoffrey Warhurst
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Neurally Mediated Hypotension
Authors: David C. Klonoff
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Bou-Holaigah and colleagues<sup>1</sup>report a significant improvement in symptoms in a group of patients with CFS treated for NMH. Three aspects of the study were not clearly explained: Who were the patients? What was the therapy? Why did the patients improve? Furthermore, the study design was flawed. Patients in the study had a median of three of the three possible signs of CFS listed in the 1988 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) case definition. However, signs are rarely found in CFS and were actually deleted from the 1994 International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group case definition.<sup>2</sup>Did the study patients have CFS or some other illness? The protocol did not specify the prescribed amount of dietary salt, the modified doses of fludrocortisone, the doses of β-blockers, or the dose of disopyramide used in the study. What specific treatments were used? The response of CFS
Ovarian Grafting and Menstruation
Authors: Th. Tuffier, E. S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1910)

OVARIAN GRAFTING AND MENSTRUATION.= Ba '543 instance, it is a common experience to find that an infant 3 or 4 months old is fed ten times a day and only obtains 1 to 11 oz. of milk at a feeding, or about 12 oz. in the twenty-four hours.Evidence from an independent source confirms these observations, for Dr. Eric Pritchard at his consultations at the Marylebone Dispensary has come to exactly the same conclusions.A starvation diet is hardly likely to promote active nutrition, so that in cases in which the test feed proves that the child is maintaining its weight on such a small amount of milk, I usually supplement the defective supply with additional feeds from the bottle.The following case, however, will show that this is not always necessary.M., aged 1 month, weighing 8 lb. 5 oz., obtained 2 oz.from the breast.When he was 3 months old he obtained 4 oz.from the breast, and weighed 12 lb. 5oz.At 4 months, the infant obtained only 2 oz.from the breast, and weighed 12 lb. 14oz.At 5 months he obtained 21 oz., and weighed 15 lb.I felt in- clined to give some cow's milk as well, but the child was satis- fied, vigorous, and had well developed muscles, so I refrained.At 6 months he obtained 31 oz.from the breast, and weighed 16 lb.At the seventh month he obtained 3 oz.from the breast, and weighed 16 lb. 11oz.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mutations underlying autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome impair human CD8+ T-cell memory formation and function
Authors: Megan L. Ives, Cindy S. Ma, Umaimainthan Palendira, Anna Chan, Jacinta Bustamante, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Peter D. Arkwright, Dan Engelhard, Diana Averbuch, Klaus Magdorf, Joachim Roesler, Jane Peake, Melanie Wong, Stephen Adelstein, Sharon Choo, Joanne M. Smart, Martyn A. French, David A. Fulcher, Matthew C. Cook, Capucine Picard, Anne Durandy, Miyuki Tsumura, Masao Kobayashi, Gulbu Uzel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Stuart G. Tangye, Elissa K. Deenick
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Selective Pressure of Antibiotic Pollution on Bacteria of Importance to Public Health
Authors: Alfredo Tello, Brian Austin, Trevor C Telfer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Many bacteria of clinical importance survive and may grow in different environments. Antibiotic pollution may exert on them a selective pressure leading to an increase in the prevalence of resistance.Objectives: In this study we sought to determine whether environmental concentrations of antibiotics and concentrations representing action limits used in environmental risk assessment may exert a selective pressure on clinically relevant bacteria in the environment.Methods: We used bacterial inhibition as an assessment end point to link antibiotic selective pressures to the prevalence of resistance in bacterial populations. Species sensitivity distributions were derived for three antibiotics by fitting log-logistic models to end points calculated from minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions based on worldwide data collated by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). To place bacteria represented in these distributions in a broader context, we performed a brief phylogenetic analysis. The potentially affected fraction of bacterial genera at measured environmental concentrations of antibiotics and environmental risk assessment action limits was used as a proxy for antibiotic selective pressure. Measured environmental concentrations and environmental risk assessment action limits were also directly compared to wild-type cut-off values.Results: The potentially affected fraction of bacterial genera estimated based on antibiotic concentrations measured in water environments is ≤ 7%. We estimated that measured environmental concentrations in river sediments, swine feces lagoons, liquid manure, and farmed soil inhibit wild-type populations in up to 60%, 92%, 100%, and 30% of bacterial genera, respectively. At concentrations used as action limits in environmental risk assessment, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were estimated to inhibit wild-type populations in up to 25% and 76% of bacterial genera.Conclusions: Measured environmental concentrations of antibiotics, as well as concentrations representing environmental risk assessment action limits, are high enough to exert a selective pressure on clinically relevant bacteria that may lead to an increase in the prevalence of resistance.
812-4 Serum uric acid and ischemic stroke risk among hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: The losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study
Authors: Jorge R Kizer, Aud Hoieggen, Michael H Alderman, Sverre E Kjeldsen, Bjorn Dahlof, Stevo Julius, Gareth Beevers, Ulf de Faire, Frej Fyhrquist, Hans Ibsen, Krister Kristiansson, Ole Lederballe-Pedersen, Lars H Lindholm, Marku S Nieminen, Per Omvik, Suzanne Oparil, Hans Wedel, Jonathan M Edelman, Steven M Snapinn, Richard B Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)