tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SODIUM EVIPAN ANAESTHESIA IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DISADVANTAGES
Authors: I. L. Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1935)

INJURY TO BLOOD VESSELS [MTDCa BJOURNAL 761' tion between the cavity of the swelling and the venous system.On the release of the arteries the swelling rapidly recurred by pulsations.On November 28th the radial artery was ligated in front of the wrist.This caused only a temporary decrease in pulsation, which on the day after operation was as marked as before.Unfortunately at this stage the patient developed a tonsillitis, with general symptoms, and further operation was considered inadvisable until after his recovery.At the end of a fortnight the swelling was larger and the pulsatile impulse more marked.The swelling could still be emptied when the ulnar artery was compressed, to fill by pulsation immediately the artery was released.On December 12th the ulnar artery was ligatured in front of the wrist.This stopped all pulsation for good, and at the time of his discharge, on December 20th, there remained only a small hard lump in the first inter- osseus space.Evidently in this case the primary condition was a pulsating haematoma which communicated with a vein, forming a varicose aneurysm.Probably the vein was opened at the time of the accident.Although the aneurysm was at the radial end of the deep palmar arch, ligature of the radial was ineffective, and it was only after the ulnar artery also was ligatured that improvement took place.In the second case the blood released into the hand showed no evidence of clotting, whereas in the first case clotting occurred to a degree sufficient even to control the flow from a large vessel like the femoral artery.Summary Two cases are reported of the results of puncture wounds of arteries.In the first, although there was a large hole in the femoral artery, the signs and symptoms produced were such that operative intervention was not considered necessary until over three weeks after the injury.In the second case a puncture wound of the hand caused a varicose aneurysm of the deep palmar arch, which was cured by ligature of the radial and ulnar arteries.
Pharmacological Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia—Reply
Authors: Kaycee M. Sink, Kristine Yaffe
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence for Heritability of Abdominal Aortic Calcific Deposits in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Christopher J. O’Donnell, Irmarie Chazaro, Peter W.F. Wilson, Caroline Fox, Marian T. Hannan, Douglas P. Kiel, L. Adrienne Cupples
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that underlies clinical cardiovascular disease. The radiographic finding of abdominal aortic calcific deposits is an indicator of the presence of aortic atherosclerosis and an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease events. Little is known about the heritability of aortic calcification. Methods and Results — Original Framingham Heart Study cohort participants (2151) in 1109 extended pedigrees had a lateral lumbar radiograph. The presence and severity of abdominal aortic calcific (AAC) deposits at the levels of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae was graded by a previously validated rating scale. Correlation coefficients were calculated in pairs of siblings, parent-offspring, and spouses. Age-, sex-, and multivariable-adjusted correlation coefficients for AAC were 0.52 for parent-offspring pairs and 0.20 for sibling pairs. In contrast, the multivariable-adjusted correlation for AAC in spouse pairs was −0.02. Using variance component methods implemented in SOLAR, the estimated heritability for age-, sex-, and multivariable-adjusted AAC was 0.49 ( P &lt;0.001). Thirty-one percent of the overall variance in AAC deposits was due to measured covariates, and 49% to heritable factors. Conclusions — In our large, population-based sample, heritable factors play a role in the presence and extent of abdominal aortic calcification. Thus, a substantial proportion of the variation in AAC is due to additive effects of genes, which have yet to be characterized. Measures of aortic atherosclerosis may provide heritable quantitative phenotypes for the genetic dissection of the complex condition of atherosclerosis in human populations.
Consider ketosis prone type 2 diabetes as cause of ketoacidosis in adult patients
Authors: J. F. de Wolff
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Lasserson and colleagues did not discuss an alternative cause for ketoacidosis in adult patients without a previous diagnosis of diabetes—namely, ketosis prone type 2 diabetes.1 This entity, first recognised in 1987,2 can occur in people with type 2 diabetes or those with risk factors (such …
Bortezomib-Induced Unfolded Protein Response Increases Oncolytic HSV-1 Replication Resulting in Synergistic Antitumor Effects
Authors: Ji Young Yoo, Brian S. Hurwitz, Chelsea Bolyard, Jun-Ge Yu, Jianying Zhang, Karuppaiyah Selvendiran, Kellie S. Rath, Shun He, Zachary Bailey, David Eaves, Timothy P. Cripe, Deborah S. Parris, Michael A. Caligiuri, Jianhua Yu, Matthew Old, Balveen Kaur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Bortezomib is an FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor, and oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV) is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. We tested the impact of combining bortezomib with oHSV for antitumor efficacy.The synergistic interaction between oHSV and bortezomib was calculated using Chou-Talalay analysis. Viral replication was evaluated using plaque assay and immune fluorescence. Western blot assays were used to evaluate induction of estrogen receptor (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Inhibitors targeting Hsp90 were utilized to investigate the mechanism of cell killing. Antitumor efficacy in vivo was evaluated using subcutaneous and intracranial tumor xenografts of glioma and head and neck cancer. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and two-sided log-rank test.Combination treatment with bortezomib and oHSV (34.5ENVE), displayed strong synergistic interaction in ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, glioma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells. Bortezomib treatment induced ER stress, evident by strong induction of Grp78, CHOP, PERK, and IRE1α (Western blot analysis) and the UPR (induction of hsp40, 70, and 90). Bortezomib treatment of cells at both sublethal and lethal doses increased viral replication (P < 0.001), but inhibition of Hsp90 ablated this response, reducing viral replication and synergistic cell killing. The combination of bortezomib and 34.5ENVE significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy in multiple different tumor models in vivo.The dramatic synergy of bortezomib and 34.5ENVE is mediated by bortezomib-induced UPR and warrants future clinical testing in patients.
Does antimitochondrial antibody status affect response to treatment in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis? Outcomes of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy and liver transplantation
Authors: W R Kim, J J Poterucha, R A Jorgensen, K P Batts, H A Homburger, E R Dickson, R A Krom, R H Wiesner, K D Lindor
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Approximately 5% to 10% of patients with features otherwise consistent with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) lack antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). Most of these patients have other autoantibodies, a syndrome recently named “autoimmune cholangitis.” We report our experience in patients with AMA-negative PBC treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and/or liver transplantation (OLT). The study of response to UDCA was performed as follows. While recruiting patients for a previously reported multicenter trial, we identified 8 patients with AMA-negative PBC. The patients were given UDCA and followed up at regular intervals. The characteristics of AMA-negative patients at presentation were similar to those of AMA-positive patients with PBC. The clinical outcomes and sequential liver biochemistries of UDCA treatment were also comparable with those of AMA-positive patients. The study of outcome of OLT was performed as follows. We identified OLT recipients at the Mayo Clinic who had clinical, radiological, and histological features compatible with PBC. Their pretransplant AMA status was determined, and each AMA-negative patient was paired with 2 AMA-positive patients. Of 85 OLT recipients with a diagnosis of PBC, 6 (7.1%) were AMA negative, including 1 who had undergone UDCA therapy. After a median of 36 months of follow-up, graft and patient survival rates and subsequent histological changes (disease recurrence and steroid-resistant or late rejections) were comparable in AMA-negative and -positive PBC patients. In summary, in our experience of 13 AMA-negative PBC patients (including 9 who met the criteria for a diagnosis of autoimmune cholangitis), treatment with UDCA or OLT resulted in similar outcomes to those found in AMA-positive patients. We conclude that AMA status does not affect the response in PBC patients to treatment with UDCA or OLT.
Previously undiagnosed variant angina as a cause of chest pain after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Authors: D D Waters, P Theroux, J Crittin, F Dauwe, H F Mizgala
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Variant angina was diagnosed after coronary artery bypass surgery in six patients over a 22-month period. Although all six patients had at least occasional angina at rest preoperatively, all but one had predominantly exertional angina. After surgery, rest angina with transient ST-segment elevation appeared in all six after an asymptomatic interval of 1 week to 4 years. In two patients the involved artery had not been bypassed, in two patients it was perfused by a patent graft and in two patients the graft to the involved vessel was occluded. Treatment with calcium antagonist drugs (four cases) or isosorbide dinitrate (one case) eliminated symptoms; one patient spontaneously became asymptomatic. The diagnosis of variant angina should be considered when rest angina occurs after bypass surgery, particularly if exertional angina is absent and grafts are patent.
Brief Communication: Case Reports of Ribavirin Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis E
Authors: Vincent Mallet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: There is currently no accepted treatment of chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Objective: To report 2 patients in whom ribavirin therapy seemed to alter the natural history of chronic HEV infection. Design: Case reports. Setting: Hepatology unit of a tertiary care center in France. Patients: A kidney and pancreas transplant recipient and a patient with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia, both with biopsy-proven chronic HEV infection. Intervention: Patients received oral ribavirin, 12 mg/kg of body weight daily for 12 weeks. Measurements: Liver function tests, detection of HEV RNA (viremia and stool shedding) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies. Results: Both patients had normalized liver function test results after 2 weeks of treatment and cleared HEV after 4 weeks of treatment. Hepatitis E virus RNA remained undetectable in the serum and stools throughout follow-up (3 months and 2 months for the first and second patient, respectively). Side effects were considered mild. Limitation: Given the relatively short follow-up, the achievement of HEV eradication could not be claimed. Conclusion: Ribavirin is a potentially effective treatment of HEV infection and should be evaluated in patients with chronic HEV infection. Primary Funding Source: None.
THE SCOPE OF SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC RHEUMATOID AND OSTEO-ARTHRITIS
Authors: C. M. Page
Journal: BMJ (1928)

TMD]RJN 343 initestine and joining the intestine by an end-to-end anastomosis.Thle patient made a good recovery from this second operation.She impr oved rapidly, and six weeks later was discharged from hospital.She has been heard from frequently since, and is now enjoying good health.In 1779 Baudamant described the first reported case of hair-ball; since then over 100 cases have been recorded.Tiie conidition is frequently founId in animals in the season wlhen the liair is shed, but rarely gives rise to synmptoms, as the hair-balls are usualiv expelled by vomiting or passed in the faeces.In human beings the hair-eating habit is generallv confined to young females, occurring usually in inidividuials of niervous constitution witlh perverted appetites, or in l)atients who have definitely exhibited sv-mptoms of insanit-\.ms Hair-balls mav be multiple or single; those developing in the stomach are usually single.The hair is gradually worked up into a mass by the gastric movements until at lenigth it entirely fills the organ and forms a cast of the stomachi, with a prolongation in some cases through the pyloriis inlto the duodenum.In the small intestine, in wllich tlhey are very rare, the hair-balls are not infrequently' multiple; they take the shape of the intestinal tube, and may be, when closely pressed together, faceted.
Role of Simvastatin as an Immunomodulator in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Marina Mironova, Elias Stephan, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Gabriel Virella
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To test the hypothesis that simvastatin reduces the levels of circulating immune complexes (ICs) containing modified lipoproteins (mLDLs; mLDL-ICs), which may represent an additional mechanism for the reduced incidence of cardiovascular events in patients treated with simvastatin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels &amp;lt;400 mg/dl who were not receiving lipid-lowering medications or CYP 3A4 inhibitors were enrolled in the study. After 2 weeks on a lipid-lowering diet and exercise, the patients were started on simvastatin 20 mg/day. The dose of simvastatin was adjusted until the levels of LDL cholesterol were ≤100 mg/dl. Blood was collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months after LDL cholesterol levels reached target, and 3 months after stopping simvastatin to measure advanced glycation end product LDL and oxidized LDL antibodies, mLDL-IC, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), lipid profile, liver function tests, creatinine kinase, glucose, and HbA1c. RESULTS—Twenty-one patients completed the study. Their HbA1c remained within 1% of baseline levels. There was a highly significant decrease in mLDL-IC levels after 3 and 6 months of treatment with simvastatin, with a return to near baseline levels after discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS—Simvastatin significantly reduced the concentration of mLDL-IC, probably as a consequence of both a decrease in the formation of mLDL and to a reduction in the titers of mLDL antibodies. This effect is likely to have a beneficial impact in the inflammatory reaction associated with atherosclerosis.
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter genes up-regulation in untreated hepatocellular carcinoma is mediated by cellular microRNAs
Authors: Florie Borel, Ruiqi Han, Allerdien Visser, Harald Petry, Sander J.H. van Deventer, Peter L.M. Jansen, Pavlina Konstantinova
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are drug efflux pumps responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment failure. Here we studied the expression of 15 ABC transporters relevant for multidrug resistance in 19 paired HCC patient samples (16 untreated, 3 treated by chemotherapeutics). Twelve ABC transporters showed up-regulation in HCC compared with adjacent healthy liver. These include ABCA2, ABCB1, ABCB6, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCC5, ABCC10, ABCC11, ABCC12, and ABCE1. The expression profile and function of some of these transporters have not been associated with HCC thus far. Because cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing, we hypothesized that regulation of ABC expression in HCC might be mediated by miRNAs. To study this, miRNAs were profiled and dysregulation of 90 miRNAs was shown in HCC compared with healthy liver, including up-regulation of 11 and down-regulation of 79. miRNA target sites in ABC genes were bioinformatically predicted and experimentally verified in vitro using luciferase reporter assays. In total, 13 cellular miRNAs were confirmed that target ABCA1, ABCC1, ABCC5, ABCC10, and ABCE1 genes and mediate changes in gene expression. Correlation analysis between ABC and miRNA expression in individual patients revealed an inverse relationship, providing an indication for miRNA regulation of ABC genes in HCC. Conclusion : Up-regulation of ABC transporters in HCC occurs prior to chemotherapeutic treatment and is associated with miRNA down-regulation. Up-regulation of five ABC genes appears to be mediated by 13 cellular miRNAs in HCC patient samples. miRNA-based gene therapy may be a novel and promising way to affect the ABC profile and overcome clinical multidrug resistance.
Is the small heat shock protein B-crystallin an oncogene?
Authors: S. K. Gruvberger-Saal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

In the last 5 years, global gene expression profiling has allowed for the subclassification of the heterogeneous disease of breast cancer into new subgroups with prognostic significance. However, for most subgroups, the nature of the contributions of individual genes to the clinical phenotypes remains largely unknown. In this issue of the JCI, Moyano and colleagues further examine the oncogenic potential of the small heat shock protein α-basic–crystallin, commonly expressed in tumors of the basal-like breast cancer subtype associated with poor prognosis, and show that it is an oncogenic protein in the breast.
Differential cardiovascular effects of centrally administered vasopressin in conscious Long Evans and Brattleboro rats.
Authors: D Harland, S M Gardiner, T Bennett
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The cardiovascular effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) administered into a lateral cerebral ventricle or into the cisterna magna were investigated in conscious Long Evans (control) rats and AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats. The effects of subpressor intracerebroventricular and intracisternal doses of AVP on cardiac baroreflex sensitivities were also determined. Intracerebroventricular and intracisternal AVP increased blood pressure of both strains of rat in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum pressor response produced by intracerebroventricular AVP in Long Evans rats was 13 +/- 2/13 +/- 1 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic, n = 6) after 100 ng AVP. The pressor response to the highest intracerebroventricular dose of AVP tested in Brattleboro rats (30 ng) was 46 +/- 13/21 +/- 6 mm Hg (n = 6). Intracerebroventricular AVP caused a tachycardia in Brattleboro rats but had no effect on heart rate of Long Evans rats. At doses greater than 1 ng, the increases in blood pressure produced by intracisternal AVP in both groups of rats were significantly greater than the increases produced by the same doses given intracerebroventricularly. Heart rate fell in a dose-dependent manner after intracisternal AVP in Long Evans rats but not in Brattleboro rats. Cardiac baroreflex sensitivities of Brattleboro rats were not significantly different from those of Long Evans rats and were not modified by intracerebroventricular (0.3 ng) or intracisternal (0.1 ng) AVP. In Long Evans rats, intracisternal AVP (0.3 ng) increased cardiac baroreflex responses to both increases and decreases in pressure. Intracerebroventricular AVP (0.3 ng) increased the sensitivity of the reflex in response to an elevation but not to a reduction in blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 Produced in Endothelial Cells by Oscillatory Shear Stress Induces Monocyte Adhesion by Stimulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production From a Nox1-Based NADPH Oxidase
Authors: George P. Sorescu, Hannah Song, Sarah L. Tressel, Jinah Hwang, Sergey Dikalov, Debra A. Smith, Nolan L. Boyd, Manu O. Platt, Bernard Lassègue, Kathy K. Griendling, Hanjoong Jo
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease occurring preferentially in arterial regions exposed to disturbed flow conditions including oscillatory shear stress (OS). OS exposure induces endothelial expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), which in turn may activate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and monocyte adhesion. OS is also known to induce monocyte adhesion by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, raising the possibility that BMP4 may stimulate the inflammatory response by ROS-dependent mechanisms. Here we show that ROS scavengers blocked ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion induced by BMP4 or OS in endothelial cells (ECs). Similar to OS, BMP4 stimulated H 2 O 2 and O 2 − production in ECs. Next, we used ECs obtained from p47phox −/− mice (MAE-p47 −/− ), which do not produce ROS in response to OS, to determine the role of NADPH oxidases. Similar to OS, BMP4 failed to induce monocyte adhesion in MAE-p47 −/− , but it was restored when the cells were transfected with p47 phox plasmid. Moreover, OS-induced O 2 − production was blocked by noggin (a BMP antagonist), suggesting a role for BMP. Furthermore, OS increased gp91phox (nox2) and nox1 mRNA levels while decreasing nox4. In contrast, BMP4 induced nox1 mRNA expression, whereas nox2 and nox4 were decreased or not affected, respectively. Also, OS-induced monocyte adhesion was blocked by knocking down nox1 with the small interfering RNA (siRNA). Finally, BMP4 siRNA inhibited OS-induced ROS production and monocyte adhesion. Together, these results suggest that BMP4 produced in ECs by OS stimulates ROS release from the nox1-dependent NADPH oxidase leading to inflammation, a critical early atherogenic step.
Ritual harmony: Toward an evolutionary theory of music
Authors: Candace S. Alcorta, Richard Sosis, Daniel Finkel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Juslin &amp; Västfjäll (J&amp;V) advance our understanding of the proximate mechanisms underlying emotional responses to music, but fail to integrate their findings into a comprehensive evolutionary model that addresses the adaptive functions of these responses. Here we offer such a model by examining the ontogenetic relationship between music, ritual, and symbolic abstraction and their role in facilitating social coordination and cooperation.