tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in Human Skeletal Remains from Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica
Authors: Manuel Martinez-Lavin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is one of the earliest recognized disease entities in the history of medicine. It has a peculiar periosteal proliferation distinctive from other bone diseases. In its advanced stage, it leaves an indelible mark on the skeleton. It has been recently shown that digital clubbing is accompanied by a bone remodeling process of the underlying phalanges. Thus, theoretically, this entity can be recognized in ancient human skeletal remains. We studied part of the collection of skeletal remains from pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica preserved at the National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico City. We examined 1000 specimens and found 2 skeletons with widespread, bilateral, symmetric periosteal proliferation of the tubular bones in addition to the bone remodeling changes of the distal phalanges. One of the specimens was from the Formative period (2000 B.C. to 100 A.D.). We conclude that hypertrophic osteoarthropathy can be recognized in ancient human skeletal remains and that this disease was present in Mesoamerica near the time of the original description of clubbing by Hippocrates about 2500 years ago.
Imaging of Disseminated Infection by a Rare Fungal Pathogen, Fusarium
Authors: JEFFREY L. SUNSHINE, AMILCARE GENTILI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Imaging findings from a single case of disseminated infection with Fusarium are presented. This common fungus has been reported as a rare pathogen to the immunocompromised. Disseminated foci were identified on a Tc-99m HMPAO labeled WBC study. Two foci were localized to the proximal tibia using MRI. In this case, imaging was more sensitive to the extent of disease than physical examination, and it also provided a more precise estimate of disease progression than clinical evaluation alone. Imaging offers potential to track regression and to identify early recurrence. This is especially valuable because infection with Fusarium tends to be indolent.
Letter: Tattooing for port-wine stains.
Authors: S Hishon
Journal: BMJ (1976)

hours after dosing, by 7-16",, 16 hours after dosing, and by 8-13",, 24 hours after dosing.Thus once-daily therapy with sotalol has a 24-hour effect in reducing blood pressure.(2) The dose of sotalol eventually required was related to the initial diastolic blood pressure.(3) In at least one patient there appeared to be a correlation between standing diastolic pressure, heart rate, and sotalol dosage.
Faecal incontinence in hospitals and residential and nursing homes for elderly people
Authors: P. G Wall, M. J Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

findings can be applied to female genital mutilation occurring in a totally different cultural setting.Finally, as paediatricians we condemn male circumcision; we were putting it into the context of the more extensive operations in females.It is now more than 46 years since Gairdner, in a classic paper, demolished the case for routine male circumcision.'
Arthritis in Down's syndrome.
Authors: J E Dacre, E C Huskisson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

A 31 year old man with Down9s syndrome presented with a 10 year history of an inflammatory polyarthritis resembling juvenile chronic arthritis. This case was similar to those already reported of an arthropathy associated with Down9s syndrome but was eventually found to be gout. This emphasised the importance of serum uric acid estimation in patients with Down9s syndrome and coexistent arthritis.
Further developments in psychogeriatrics in Britain.
Authors: D Jolley
Journal: BMJ (1985)

cancer becomes inappropriate as our patients approach death, but realistic and optimistic hopes are to be encouraged.One of our patients recently stated that the most important thing for her morale was having realistic short term goals.Even when patients are too weak to achieve goals there are still appropriate hopes: hopes for their family and loved ones, hopes for a reconciliation, hopes about the memories they will leave behind, or hopes for some kind of existence after death.The cnanges that we see occurring in families around this time can often be described as full of hope.
IMPACT OF CORRECTION OF PRESSURE RECOVERY PHENOMENON IN CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE ORIFICE AREA AFTER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Jiyun Sohn, Ha Nul Choi, Hyo-In Choi, Jeong Yun Jang, Byung Joo Sun, Jae-Kwan Song
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Psychopath before the Law
Authors: Harry L. Kozol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SOCIETY is beset by few problems so grave as at of the psychopath in its midst. The psychopath is not necessarily asocial. But it is the asocial ones who attract attention by virtue of the formidable legal problems that they pose.Some generalizations about the psychopath may be in order. He is, at one and the same time, the blessing and the bane of society. Without him there would be little if any art, literature, music or science — or crime. One does not have to be a psychopath to be a creator or a criminal, but it helps. He . . .
Preregistration house officers in the four Thames regions: I. Survey of education and workload.
Authors: T H Dent, J H Gillard, E J Aarons, H L Crimlisk, P J Smyth-Pigott
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To assess the education and workload of preregistration house officers in the four Thames regions.Postal questionnaire.Teaching and non-teaching hospitals in the four Thames regions.1064 Preregistration house officers.Response rate was 70% (740 replies). Nine per cent of house officers (66/729) worked a rota of one in two. The average house officer had 20.4 inpatients under his or her care and admitted 23.2 patients per week. Sixty two per cent of house officers (459/740) felt that they spent an excessive amount of time on non-medical tasks of no educational merit; 75% (546/725) had never received adequate guidance on breaking bad news and 64% (467/729) had never received adequate guidance on pain control; 34% (249/731) did not feel confident that they could perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation unsupervised. House officers would tend to recommend their post to a friend.There are deficiencies in preregistration training in the four Thames regions. The General Medical Council's requirements are not being heeded.
Extravascular fibrin, plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitors, and airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Scott S. Wagers, Ryan J. Norton, Lisa M. Rinaldi, Jason H.T. Bates, Burton E. Sobel, Charles G. Irvin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Mechanisms underlying airway hyperresponsiveness are not yet fully elucidated. One of the manifestations of airway inflammation is leakage of diverse plasma proteins into the airway lumen. They include fibrinogen and thrombin. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin, a major component of thrombi. Fibrin inactivates surfactant. Surfactant on the airway surface maintains airway patency by lowering surface tension. In this study, immunohistochemically detected fibrin was seen along the luminal surface of distal airways in a patient who died of status asthmaticus and in mice with induced allergic airway inflammation. In addition, we observed altered airway fibrinolytic system protein balance consistent with promotion of fibrin deposition in mice with allergic airway inflammation. The airways of mice were exposed to aerosolized fibrinogen, thrombin, or to fibrinogen followed by thrombin. Only fibrinogen followed by thrombin resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness compared with controls. An aerosolized fibrinolytic agent, tissue-type plasminogen activator, significantly diminished airway hyperresponsiveness in mice with allergic airway inflammation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that leakage of fibrinogen and thrombin and their accumulation on the airway surface can contribute to the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness.
Bronchoscopic Method for Measuring Left Atrial Pressure
Authors: A. J. GUNNING, R. J. LINDEN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The possibility is examined that measurements from the records of left atrial pressure obtained by direct puncture of the left atrium through the bronchoscope might help in the diagnosis of mitral disease. The left atrial pressure records of 156 patients have been analyzed and the results are presented.
Impact of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening on antenatal diagnosis
Authors: S J Standing, M J Brindle, A P Macdonald, R W Lacey
Journal: BMJ (1982)

just on the results of radioimmunoassay.Since a proportion of Addisonian patients will go on to develop permanent hypothyroidism and since the return to normality in the remainder may be delayed by many months, it would seem wisest to give thyroxine initially to all who are biochemically hypothyroid, and to attempt cautious withdrawal in some of them at a later stage.
Exercise Increases Age-Related Penetrance and Arrhythmic Risk in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy–Associated Desmosomal Mutation Carriers
Authors: Cynthia A. James, Aditya Bhonsale, Crystal Tichnell, Brittney Murray, Stuart D. Russell, Harikrishna Tandri, Ryan J. Tedford, Daniel P. Judge, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Intervention trial for late life depression defended
Authors: R. H Llewellyn-Jones, K. A Baikie
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—We would like to respond to several criticisms of our study1 raised in Haynes's editorial2 and in Deeks and Juszczak's commentary.3

Haynes argues that our study is limited by patients refusing to participate or dropping out. In the context of studies in elderly people, we think that our refusal and follow up rates were reasonable. It is difficult to recruit elderly people into research studies4 and maintain their participation. Considerable drop out rates were expected because our sample consisted of frail …
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (Sabin) in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Vilém Škovránek
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN VIEW OF the favorable results of our first field trial of Sabin's live poliovirus vaccine, conducted in Czechoslovakia in winter 1958-1959 in about 140,000 children aged 2 to 6 years,<sup>1,2</sup>and the results of other, particularly Soviet, authors,<sup>3</sup>we decided to organize a nation-wide vaccination of the entire child population in the spring of 1960, using live vaccine. <h3>Vaccination Program</h3> About 3,500,000 children aged 2 months to 14 years and some aged 15 years, i.e., about 93% of Czechoslovakia's child population (Table 1) werevaccinated. The vaccine, prepared from Sabin's attenuated viruses at the Institute for Sera and Vaccines in Prague and supplemented by vaccine procured from the Institute for Poliomyelitis Research in Moscow, was administered in liquid form, about 100,000 TCD<sub>50</sub>of each type, in a teaspoonful of syrup simplex. Because of lack of time the following schedule of administration of attenuated viruses
Abstract 96: From genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to functional genomics of prostate cancer: exploring the role of candidate transcripts through RNAi-based analysis
Authors: Wei Tang, Tamara L. Jones, Jason Pitt, Stefan Ambs, Natasha J. Caplen, Ludmila Prokunina
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genomic regions that harbor single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with human prostate cancer. Determining the biological basis of association data requires the identification of molecular phenotypes that correlate to these sequence variants. However, many of these variants are located in intergenic regions or gene deserts, making it difficult to identify the underlying biological mechanisms these association studies suggest. Two SNPS identified by prostate cancer GWAS include rs10486567 located within intron 2 of JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7p15.2, and rs4430796 located on chromosome 17 near the HNF1B gene. JAZF1 (JAZF zinc finger 1) is a putative transcriptional repressor. SNPs in JAZF1 have also been associated with height body stature, and risk of type-2 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus. HNF1B (HNF1 homeobox B) is a homeodomain containing transcription factor; SNPs at this locus show an inverse association with risk of type-2 diabetes and this locus has also been identified as associated with endometrial cancer susceptibility. As the function of JAZF1 and HFNB1 is poorly characterized we are using RNAi based loss-of-function analysis, initially in a prostate cancer cell line, to assess the molecular consequences of silencing these genes. First the transfection conditions for the prostate cancer cell line LNCAP were optimized for synthetic siRNA transfection and multiple siRNAs (from two different vendors) corresponding to JAZF1 and HFN1B were assessed for efficiency of gene specific silencing. To assess the functional consequence of silencing in an unbiased manner we have generated gene specific expression profiles for JAZF1 and HFN1B in LNCAP cells. Briefly, gene expression microarray analysis was conducted on RNA prepared 72 hours post siRNA transfection and expression profiles were generated from data using three different siRNAs corresponding to each gene transfected in triplicate compared to negative control transfected cells. Following silencing of JAZF1 approximately 150 genes were identified as showing significant changes in gene expression, with over 500 other genes showing evidence of altered expression but not at significant level. Following silencing of HFN1B, over 250 genes were identified as showing significant changes in gene expression, with over 400 other genes showing evidence of altered expression but not at significant level. Further analysis and validation of these expression profiles is ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 96. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-96
Non-epileptic television syncope.
Authors: D M Hall
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To systematically review studies of the effects of the Compressed Working Week on the health and work-life balance of shift workers, and to identify any differential impacts by socio-economic group. <h3>Methods:</h3> Systematic review. Following QUORUM guidelines, published or unpublished experimental and quasi-experimental studies were identified. Data were sourced from 27 electronic databases, websites, bibliographies, and expert contacts. <h3>Results:</h3> Fourty observational studies were found. The majority of studies only measured self-reported outcomes and the methodological quality of the included studies was not very high. Interventions did not always improve the health of shift workers, but in the five prospective studies with a control group, there were no detrimental effects on self-reported health. However, work-life balance was generally improved. No studies reported differential impacts by socio-economic group; however, most of the studies were conducted on homogeneous populations. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> This review suggests that the Compressed Working Week can improve work-life balance, and that it may do so with a low risk of adverse health or organisational effects. However, better designed studies that measure objective health outcomes are needed.
Smad3 Knockout Mice Exhibit a Resistance to Skin Chemical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Allen G. Li, Shi-Long Lu, Ming-Xiang Zhang, Chuxia Deng, Xiao-Jing Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract It has been shown that Smad3 exerts both tumor-suppressive and -promoting roles. To evaluate the role of Smad3 in skin carcinogenesis in vivo, we applied a chemical skin carcinogenesis protocol to Smad3 knockout mice (Smad3−/− and Smad3+/−) and wild-type littermates (Smad3+/+). Smad3−/− mice exhibited reduced papilloma formation in comparison with Smad3+/+ mice and did not develop any squamous cell carcinomas. Further analysis revealed that Smad3 knockout mice were resistant to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)–induced epidermal hyperproliferation. Concurrently, increased apoptosis was observed in TPA-treated Smad3−/− skin and papillomas when compared with those of wild-type mice. Expression levels of activator protein-1 family members (c-jun, junB, junD, and c-fos) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α were significantly lower in TPA-treated Smad3−/− skin, cultured keratinocytes, and papillomas, as compared with Smad3+/+ controls. Smad3−/− papillomas also exhibited reduced leukocyte infiltration, particularly a reduction of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration, in comparison with Smad3+/+ papillomas. All of these molecular and cellular alterations also occurred to a lesser extent in Smad3+/− mice as compared with Smad3+/+ mice, suggesting a Smad3 gene dosage effect. Given that TGF-β1 is a well-documented TPA-responsive gene and also has a potent chemotactic effect on macrophages, our study suggests that Smad3 may be required for TPA-mediated tumor promotion through inducing TGF-β1–responsive genes, which are required for tumor promotion, and through mediating TGF-β1–induced macrophage infiltration.
Different Metabolic Predictors of White-Coat and Sustained Hypertension Over a 20-Year Follow-Up Period
Authors: Kristina Björklund, Lars Lind, Bengt Vessby, Bertil Andrén, Hans Lithell
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The clinical significance of white-coat hypertension is still unclear. Moreover, no study has examined metabolic predictors of white-coat versus sustained hypertension. Methods and Results — We investigated men (n=602) in a longitudinal population-based cohort who at age 70 years were identified as normotensive, white-coat hypertensive (office blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 and daytime ambulatory BP &lt;135/85 mm Hg), and sustained hypertensive (office BP ≥140/90 and daytime ambulatory BP ≥135/85 mm Hg). At baseline, when the subjects were aged 50 years, blood glucose, insulin, lipids, and fatty acid composition of the serum cholesterol esters were analyzed. The investigations at age 70 years included determination of insulin sensitivity and target organ damage. At age 50 years, individuals who 20 years later were identified as white-coat hypertensive or sustained hypertensive showed significantly elevated BP, heart rate, and impaired glucose tolerance compared with normotensive subjects but white coat hypertensive subjects were leaner and had a more favorable serum cholesterol ester fatty acid profile than did sustained hypertensive subjects. At age 70 years, both white-coat and sustained hypertensive subjects showed an impaired insulin sensitivity, elevated blood glucose, and increased serum insulin and heart rate compared with normotensive subjects, but left ventricular mass and urinary albumin excretion were increased only in sustained hypertensive subjects. Conclusions — These findings indicate that although metabolic abnormalities and elevated heart rate were consistent over time in both hypertensive groups, a lower body mass index and more favorable dietary fat composition predicted the development of white-coat as opposed to sustained hypertension over 20 years.
Progressive changes in energy cost during a three-hour race-walk exercise.
Authors: G. R. Farley, E. J. Hamley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

Twenty experienced race-walkers were exercised in a controlled routine walking at 11.6 km/hr continuously for 3 hr, alternately on a treadmill and a cinder track. Analyses of expired air samples taken at 30 min intervals were used to calculate average R.Q. and energy expenditure. R.Q. was found to decrease progressively from 0.92 to 0.66 in the 3 hr and remained at this level 30 min later. The mean energy cost rose from 46.2 to 55.4 kJ/min or 24.7 to 29.7 kJ/min.m2. The results indicate that this group probably experienced an elevation of aerobic activity as they utilized progressively more fat to satisfy metabolic demands and that R.Q. may be a good indicator for determining recovery after severe long duration exercise.
Ads From the Partnership for a Drug-Free America
Authors: Paul DuBay
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Here are some facts concerning the Partnership for a Drug-Free America (PDFA) advertisement that appeared in an issue ofJAMA.1Addressing the psychiatric profession, the advertisement stated,  side effects of self-medication with marijuana may themselves be a major component of a patient's psychiatric profile. No other substances already proven to be more harmful were mentioned. It is well-known that cannabis use does not cause mental illness. If a psychiatrist is treating someone, that person already has a problem that cannabis use (or any other substance and/or habitual behavior) may exacerbate.  The possible symptoms outlined in the advertisement were accurately listed. What it did not include was that, according to the US Department of Justice's Drug Education Program Manual,2those symptoms are the rare exceptions. The same publication noted that, besides the fact that a person's level of mental stability is a factor, Marijuana
Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Developmental Plasticity: Implications for Understanding Human Disease
Authors: Graham C. Burdge, Karen A. Lillycrop
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2010)

There is considerable evidence for induction of differential risk of noncommunicable diseases in humans by variation in the quality of the early life environment. Studies in animal models show that induction and stability of induced changes in the phenotype of the offspring involve altered epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation and covalent modifications of histones. These findings indicate that such epigenetic changes are highly gene specific and function at the level of individual CpG dinucleotides. Interventions using supplementation with folic acid or methyl donors during pregnancy, or folic acid after weaning, alter the phenotype and epigenotype induced by maternal dietary constraint during gestation. This suggests a possible means for reducing risk of induced noncommunicable disease, although the design and conduct of such interventions may require caution. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism that underlies the early life origins of disease and to place these studies in a broader life-course context.