tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ALCOHOL AND THE DISABILITIES OF SCHOOL CHILDREN.
Authors: T. ALEXANDER MAC NICHOLL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

For some years I have been making investigations into the intellectual, moral, and physical conditions of school children. These investigations found their original impulse when, as a member of a suburban board of education, I and a former prominent public educator of Brooklyn, were engaged in a study of the best methods of dealing with refractory and stupid children. Subsequently when in the homes of the poor, as medical visitor for a metropolitan hospital, and more recently when making investigations into the elemental and contributing factors of mental deficiency for various medical societies. I have been impressed with the alarming and the widespread disabilities of school children and their close relation to alcohol. In several schools examined less than 20 per cent. and in some classes less than 2 per cent, of the children were found absolutely normal in mind and body. In an examination of the records of 63,000
WHO steps up fight against TB
Authors: P. S Tamber
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Deaths from tuberculosis rose to three million in 1995—more than at any other time in history, including the epidemic of the early 1900s. The World Health Organisation warned last week that at current levels there could be an annual rate of death from the disease of five million within the next 50 years.

The WHO, in a report on the current epidemic, states that one third of the world's population—nearly two billion people—have already become infected with tuberculosis. It adds: “In the next ten years, …
Plasma cytokine levels predict mortality in patients with acute renal failure
Authors: Edith M. Simmons, Jonathan Himmelfarb, M. Tugrul Sezer, Glenn M. Chertow, Ravindra L. Mehta, Emil P. Paganini, Sharon Soroko, Stephanie Freedman, Karen Becker, Daniel Spratt, Yu Shyr, Talp Ikizler, None for the PICARD Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
College issues guidance on fabricated or induced illness after doctors lose confidence in its diagnosis
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Guidance on fabricated or induced illness (FII), formerly known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy, from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health aims to boost doctors’ confidence in an area of practice that most find fraught with difficulty, and to ensure that they take the right steps to protect children at risk.

It replaces the college’s 2002 guide, after a study last year by the Department of Children, Families, and Schools, which found that only 36% of paediatricians surveyed rated their confidence in dealing with FII cases highly.

Paediatricians who took part cited fears of adverse media publicity and complaints to the General Medical Council if they blamed a parent …
Distinct Downregulation of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide System in Human Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Tuomas O. Peltonen, Panu Taskinen, Ylermi Soini, Jaana Rysä, Jarkko Ronkainen, Pasi Ohtonen, Jari Satta, Tatu Juvonen, Heikki Ruskoaho, Hanna Leskinen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Aortic valve calcification is an actively regulated process that displays hallmarks of atherosclerosis. Natriuretic peptides (A-, B-, and C-type natriuretic peptides [ANP, BNP, and CNP]) have been reported to have a role in the pathogenesis of vascular atherosclerosis, but their expression in aortic valves is not known. Here, we characterized and compared expression of natriuretic peptide system in aortic valves of patients with normal valves (n=4), aortic regurgitation (n=11), regurgitation and fibrosis (n=6), and aortic valve stenosis (n=21).By reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, all 3 natriuretic peptides were found to be expressed in aortic valves. CNP mRNA levels were 92% lower (P<0.001) in stenotic valves, whereas no significant changes in the expression of ANP and BNP genes were found compared with valves obtained from patients with aortic regurgitation. CNP was localized by immunohistochemistry with specific CNP (32-53) antibody to valvular endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Gene expression of furin, which proteolytically cleaves proCNP into active CNP, was 54% lower in aortic valve stenosis (P=0.04). Moreover, natriuretic peptide receptor-A and natriuretic peptide receptor-B mRNA levels were 78% and 76% lower, respectively, in stenotic valves. In contrast, gene expression of corin, a proANP- and proBNP-converting enzyme, and natriuretic peptide receptor-C did not differ between groups.We show that natriuretic peptides, their processing enzymes, and their receptors are expressed in human aortic valves. Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by distinct downregulation of gene expression of CNP, its processing enzyme furin, and the target receptors natriuretic peptide receptor-B and natriuretic peptide receptor-A, which suggests that CNP acts as a paracrine regulator of the aortic valve calcification process.
Book Review A World Growing Old: The coming health care challenges (Hastings Center Studies in Ethics.) Edited by Daniel Callahan, Ruud H.J. ter Meulen, and Eva Topinková. 175 pp. Washington, D.C., Georgetown University Press, 1995. $42.50. 0-87840-591-7
Authors: Richard M. Ratzan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)
Hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia induced by acute inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in the liver
Authors: Kazuaki Miyake, Wataru Ogawa, Michihiro Matsumoto, Takehiro Nakamura, Hiroshi Sakaue, Masato Kasuga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The physiological relevance of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) signaling in the liver to fuel homeostasis was investigated. Systemic infusion of an adenovirus encoding a dominant negative mutant of PI 3-K ((Delta)p85) resulted in liver-specific expression of this protein and in inhibition of the insulin-induced activation of PI 3-K in the liver within 3 days, without affecting insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Hepatic expression of (Delta)p85 led to hyperinsulinemia and to a marked increase in blood glucose concentration in response to oral glucose intake. The increases in both glycogen and glucose 6-phosphate content, as well as in Akt and glycogen synthase activities in the liver, that were induced by glucose intake were markedly impaired in mice expressing (Delta)p85. Despite an upregulation of mRNAs for gluconeogenic enzymes apparent in the liver of these animals, the fasting blood glucose concentration was increased only slightly, and the serum concentrations of gluconeogenic precursors were reduced. However, administration of pyruvate, a substrate for gluconeogenesis, resulted in an exaggerated increase in blood glucose concentration. In the fasted state, the mass of adipose tissue of the mice was about 1.5 times that in control mice. The mice also exhibited marked decreases in the serum concentrations of FFAs and triglyceride and suppression of insulin-induced PI 3-K activation in adipose tissue, probably due to the associated hyperinsulinemia. PI 3-K activity in the liver is thus essential for normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in living animals.
Augmentation of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction by hyaluronic acid
Authors: Anant Chopra, Maria E. Murray, Fitzroy J. Byfield, Melissa G. Mendez, Ran Halleluyan, David J. Restle, Dikla Raz-Ben Aroush, Peter A. Galie, Katarzyna Pogoda, Robert Bucki, Cezary Marcinkiewicz, Glenn D. Prestwich, Thomas I. Zarembinski, Christopher S. Chen, Ellen Puré, J. Yasha Kresh, Paul A. Janmey
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Myeloma Proteins (M-Components) with Antibody-like Activity
Authors: Michael Potter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

LITTLE is known about the pathogenesis of the benign monoclonal gammopathies or the neoplasms of the immunoglobulin-producing cells (multiple myeloma and malignant Waldenström's macroglobulinemia). There is some basis, however, for suggesting that these abnormal cells might be derived from cells once involved in immune responses. In the normal development of immunocytes, each cell becomes differentiated to synthesize and secrete only one molecular species of immunoglobulin. In a normal response to antigen, a number of different specialized cells are "selected" by antigen and stimulated to divide and form small clones. In certain exaggerated cellular immune responses, the number of cells producing . . .
Interim Results from the International Trial of Second Sight's Visual Prosthesis
Authors: Mark S. Humayun, Jessy D. Dorn, Lyndon da Cruz, Gislin Dagnelie, José-Alain Sahel, Paulo E. Stanga, Artur V. Cideciyan, Jacque L. Duncan, Dean Eliott, Eugene Filley, Allen C. Ho, Arturo Santos, Avinoam B. Safran, Aries Arditi, Lucian V. Del Priore, Robert J. Greenberg
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Reliability of tissue Doppler imaging with B-mode display (without underlying 2D echo) in the quantification of wall motion abnormalities in acute ischemia
Authors: Giuseppina Magni, Philippe Acar, Qi-Ling Cao, Alain Delabays, Lissa Sugeng, Jiefen Yao, Stefano De Castro, J. Nesser, Steven Schwartz, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Gastric Carcinoma and Acute Perforation
Authors: T. L. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1951)

DiscussionTo us the most interesting features of this case are the neurological findings and the effect of cortisone.The neurological findings noted at the first examination are well expressed by the term " mononeuritis multiplex," which was introduced by Lovshin and Kernohan (1949), who recorded such findings in eight cases.These mani- festations, when present, are very suggestive of poly- arteritis nodosa, particularly if there be pyrexia and signs suggesting dysfunction of other organs or systems.The findings at the second examination were those of an advanced polyneuritis, and indicate the necessity of con- sidering polyarteritis nodosa in all cases of peripheral neuritis.Histological examination of the necropsy material demonstrates the absence of an inflammatory infiltration around the areas of fibrinoid necrosis in the smaller arteries.When considered in relation to the intense perivascular inflammatory infiltration -present in the biopsy specimen obtained 32 days before death it seems justifiable to regard the, change as due to corti- sone.This is in accordance with the findings of Shick, Baggenstoss, and Polley (1950), who treated three cases with cortisone.Two patients died in cardiac and renal failure in spite of initial improvement.Necropsy showed complete healing of all arterial lesions, but with the process of healing fibrous obliteration of the lumen of the vessels had occurred with widespread visceral infarction.It is therefore evident that cortisone can be a twoedged weapon.If it eventually proves to be of value in the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa it will be of great importance to begin treatment at such an early stage that healing of affected vessels will not provoke serious visceral infarction.In consequence the early diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa is desirable so that the effect of cortisone given at the onset of the disease can be inves- tigated.As can be seen from the present and other recorded cases, this, in spite of a high index of suspicion, may be extremely difficult.
Regulation of calcitonin gene transcription by vitamin D metabolites in vivo in the rat.
Authors: T Naveh-Many, J Silver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Calcitonin is secreted by the C cells of the thyroid in response to a raised serum calcium, and acts on bone to lower serum calcium. The C cells have specific receptors for the dihydroxymetabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3. Moreover, calcitonin stimulates the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the kidney. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the third calciotrophic hormone, is also trophic to the renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3, and in turn 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits PTH gene transcription and synthesis. We report here the marked inhibition of calcitonin gene transcription by the injection of physiologically relevant doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 to normal rats that did not raise serum calcium. Calcitonin mRNA levels after 100 pmol 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased to 6% of basal at 6 h and 4% at 48 h, and a dose response showed a marked effect even after 12.5 pmol 1,25(OH)2D3, with no appreciably greater effect with larger doses (up to 200 pmol). Control genes, actin, thyroglobulin (thyroid follicular cells), somatostatin (thyroid C-cells) were not affected by 1,25(OH)2D3. Gel blots showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased calcitonin mRNA levels without any change in its size. In vitro nuclear transcription showed that 1,25(OH)2D3-treated (100 pmol) rats' calcitonin transcription was 10% of control, while thyroglobulin and actin were 100%. We propose that calcium is the major regulator of PTH and calcitonin secretion, while 1,25(OH)2D3 is an important regulator of PTH and calcitonin gene transcription. We believe this to be the first demonstration of an effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the C cells thereby establishing a new target organ and site of action of vitamin D. Calcitonin is trophic to 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis, which in turn inhibits calcitonin synthesis, which are the components of a new endocrinological feedback loop.
Prevention of Arterial Thrombosis by Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of Cyclooxygenase Gene
Authors: Pierre Zoldhelyi, Janice McNatt, Xiao-Ming Xu, David Loose-Mitchell, Robert S. Meidell, Fred J. Clubb, L. Maximilian Buja, James T. Willerson, Kenneth K. Wu
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Prostacyclin is an important vasoprotective molecule. It inhibits platelet aggregation, monocyte interaction with endothelium, and smooth muscle cell lipid accumulation. Vascular cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is the rate-limiting step in prostacyclin synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether adenovirus-mediated transfer of COX-1 could restore COX-1 activity, augment prostacyclin synthesis, and prevent thrombus formation in a porcine carotid angioplasty model. Methods and Results Human COX-1 cDNA driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter was constructed into a replication-defective adenovirus 5 vector by homologous recombination. Recombinant adenovirus without a foreign gene (Ad-RR) and buffer were included as controls. Recombinant Ad-LacZ was used for marking the transfected cells in vivo. In the in vitro experiments, cultured human endothelial cells (ECs) and porcine arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were incubated with Ad-COX-1 for 2 hours and 6-keto-PGF 1α level and the transgene expression were determined 72 hours after infection. In the in vivo experiments, recombinant adenoviruses were directly instilled into angioplasty-injured porcine carotid arteries for 30 minutes. Cyclic flow changes were monitored for 10 days and thrombus formation was examined histologically thereafter. Transgene expression and prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 ) synthesis by the injured arteries were determined. Cultured ECs infected with Ad-COX-1 produced a fivefold to eightfold increase in PGI 2 , and the transgene expression in cultured porcine SMCs was demonstrated by Northern analysis. Direct administration of Ad-COX-1 at a dose of 3×10 10 pfu completely inhibited carotid cyclic flow changes and thrombus formation accompanied by a fourfold increase in PGI 2 synthesis by the injured arteries 10 days after infection, whereas Ad-COX-1 at a lower dose, 5×10 9 pfu, had no antithrombotic effects when compared with Ad-RR vector and buffer controls. Conclusions Adenovirus-mediated transfer of COX-1 to angioplasty-injured carotid arteries was efficacious in augmenting PGI 2 synthesis and was associated with an inhibition of thrombosis when a relatively high titer of adenovirus was instilled.
Autocrine-regulated airway smooth muscle cell migration is dependent on IL-17–induced growth-related oncogenes
Authors: Laila A. Al-Alwan, Ying Chang, Carolyn J. Baglole, Paul-André Risse, Andrew J. Halayko, James G. Martin, David H. Eidelman, Qutayba Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Medicine's Ethical Responsibility for Health Care Reform — The Top Five List
Authors: Howard Brody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Early in 2009, members of major health care–related industries such as insurance companies, pharmaceutical manufacturers, medical device makers, and hospitals all agreed to forgo some future profits to show support for the Obama administration's health care reform efforts. Skeptics have questioned the value of these promises, regarding at least some of them as more cosmetic than substantive. Nonetheless, these industries made a gesture and scored some public-relations points.The medical profession's reaction has been quite different. Although major professional organizations have endorsed various reform measures, no promises have been made in terms of cutting any future medical costs. Indeed, in . . .
A Tool to Predict Risk for Gastric Cancer in Patients With Peptic Ulcer Disease on the Basis of a Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Teng-Yu Lee, Chang-Bi Wang, Tzu-Ting Chen, Ken N. Kuo, Ming-Shiang Wu, Jaw-Town Lin, Chun-Ying Wu, Ming-Shiang Wu, Jaw-Town Lin, Chun-Ying Wu, Cheng-Yi Wu, Ching-Chow Chen, Chun-Hung Lin, Lu-Ping Chow, Chieh-Chang Chen, Jyh-Ming Liou
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Relationship between corticotrophin and endorphin responses to a single bout of competitive swimming
Authors: L Carrasco, I C Martínez-Díaz, M de Hoyo, B Sañudo
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The aims of this investigation were to determine the corticotrophin (ACTH) and endorphin (END) responses to a single bout of competitive swimming exercise and to examine the relationship between them. Plasma ACTH and ENDs concentrations were determined in 13 male swimmers at three time points: basal conditions, and before and after swimming competition (100 m freestyle). The results showed an END response to precompetition stress, since an increase in END plasma levels was observed (from 36.3±2.9 pg/ml assessed in basal conditions to 51.8±3.2 pg/ml, p≤0.01). However, ACTH plasma levels remained unchanged at this time-point (10.1±0.9 pg/ml and 10.9±1.2 pg/ml for basal conditions and precompetition respectively). After competitive swimming effort ACTH and END levels rose significantly, reaching values of 39.4±5.2 pg/ml and 128.6±18.1 pg/ml for ACTH and END, respectively, and showing statistical differences with precompetition (p≤0.001) and basal condition levels (p≤0.001). Significant correlations were found between ACTH and END levels both in precompetition (r=0.647; p≤0.05) and in postcompetition (r=0.725; p≤0.01). It is concluded that single bout of competitive swimming induces a psychological and physiological stress which stimulates the same pattern of response for ACTH and END.
Spontaneous haemothorax associated with von Recklinghausen's disease: review of occurrence in Japan
Authors: H. Miura, O. Taira, O. Uchida, J. Usuda, S. Hirai, H. Kato
Journal: Thorax (1997)

The case history is presented of a 61 year old man with von Recklinghausen's disease who developed a spontaneous haemothorax. In spite of being asymptomatic for five days after drainage, he died as a result of fatal sudden re-bleeding. The post mortem examination showed dissection and rupture of the left subclavian artery. Microscopically, disarrangement of smooth muscle and decrease of elastic fibre was observed in the ruptured artery. Haemothorax in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease may require thoracotomy, even if the condition of the patient appears to be stable.
Are Anthracycline-Taxane Regimens the New Standard of Care in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer?
Authors: Vicente Valero, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.071 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12637456 Are Anthracycline-Taxane Regimens the New Standard of Care in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer? Vicente ValeroxVicente ValeroSearch for articles by this author , Gabriel N. HortobagyixGabriel N. HortobagyiSearch for articles by this author Show More The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.071 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The Treatment of Leukemia
Authors: Eve Wiltshaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

LEUKEMIA is a condition characterized by the apparently uncontrolled proliferation of one leukocyte element in the bone marrow, lymph nodes or other potentially hematopoietic tissue, with or without the presence of these abnormal cells in the peripheral blood. As it stands this definition covers many conditions, including generalized lymphosarcoma, multiple myeloma and aleukemic leukemia. For the sake of clarity, the discussion in this paper is limited to the treatment of leukemia when abnormal cells or increased numbers of apparently normal cells are present in the peripheral blood as well as in hematopoietic tissues.Although certain agents such as benzene . . .
Is the Woulfe bottle an efficient humidifier for oxygen?
Authors: B. J. Freedman
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Cigarette Smoking-Sterling MEDICALIJOHRNAL 277 It can be blocked by atropine, suggesting that it is brought about by the vagus, probably through the action of the latter on bronchial smooth muscle.I would like to thank Dr. J. C. Batten for his advice and encouragement, and Miss F. A.
Myasthenic (Vertical) Nystagmus
Authors: James R. Keane
Journal: JAMA (1970)

An unusual delayed-onset myasthenic nystagmus appearing during sustained upward gaze suggested the presence of brain-stem disease in a 35-year-old construction worker who was being evaluated for his complaints of progressive instability of gait. The etiology of the nystagmus and the systemic symptoms was established objectively by an edrophonium chloride (Tensilon) tonogram test; this is a sensitive means of recording edrophonium-induced increase in extraocular muscle tone as indicated by a rise in the Schiotz tonogram.
A novel technique for endoscopic reanastomosis in a patient with a completely strictured colorectal anastomosis
Authors: G. Dafnis
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Stricture, depending on its definition, is a complication in 0 %–30 % of colorectal anastomoses [1]. This article describes a novel technique for endoscopic reanastomosis in a completely strictured colorectal anastomosis with no visible lumen either at endoscopy or at radiography; to my knowledge this is the first publication of an entirely endoscopic technique.
Morphological transformation in vitro of normal human fibroblasts by chrysotile.
Authors: L B Joseph, R E Stephens, A C Ottolenghi, P D Lipetz, H A Newman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Pathologic response of tissue to asbestos in vivo gives rise to fibromatoma, granuloma and mesothelioma. We are attempting to develop a model system in vitro using human cells in order to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for these pathologies. Within the first 12 hr of exposure to chrysotile, the fibroblasts showed distinctive morphological changes. Cells appeared elongated with occasional vacuolated nuclei and granular cytoplasm. Cells showed no other obvious morphological changes by light microscopy and were serially passaged at confluence. The cells with vacuolated nuclei were successfully serially passaged. Binucleated cells were first observed 48 hr after passaging. As time in culture increased (3 days to 2 weeks) many cells lost their distinctive bipolar properties and developed