tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anterior Cingulum Abnormalities in Male Patients With Schizophrenia Determined Through Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Fei Wang, Zhiguo Sun, Liwei Cui, Xiangke Du, Xilin Wang, Hongyan Zhang, Zhong Cong, Nan Hong, Dai Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: This study used diffusion tensor imaging to examine fractional anisotropy in the anterior cingulum and posterior cingulum bundles in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Twenty-one male patients and 20 healthy comparison men were studied. RESULTS: Reduced fractional anisotropy was seen for both sides of the anterior cingulum in the schizophrenia patients, who also exhibited less left-greater-than-right asymmetry in the anterior cingulum than was seen in the comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest structural disconnections in the anterior cingulum in patients with schizophrenia.
Scoring the nailfold microvascular changes during the capillaroscopic analysis in systemic sclerosis patients
Authors: A Sulli, M E Secchi, C Pizzorni, M Cutolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Longitudinal study to define a scoring system to quantify the specific capillary abnormalities, as observed by capillary microscopy in systemic sclerosis (SSc).Ninety patients with SSc were evaluated by nailfold videocapillaroscopy for an average of 72 (SD 23) months. Enlarged and giant capillaries, haemorrhages, loss of capillaries, disorganisation of the microvascular array, and capillary ramifications were the evaluated parameters identifying the "scleroderma patterns". A semiquantitative rating scale to score these altered microvascular parameters was adopted (score 0-3). A "microangiopathy evolution score" (sum of three scores: loss of capillaries, disorganisation of the microvascular array and capillary ramifications) was also selected to assess the progression of the vascular damage.At the end of the follow-up, the score for each nailfold videocapillaroscopy parameter significantly changed. The microangiopathy evolution score significantly increased in 53 of 90 patients (59%) indicating a worsening of the microangiopathy. On the contrary, 22 patients (24%) showed a significant decrease of the evolution score suggesting an improvement of the microangiopathy and no changes were detected in 15 patients with SSc (17%).The capillaroscopic score was found to be a sensitive tool to quantify and monitor the SSc microvascular damage. Furthermore, the microangiopathy evolution score might be used to survey the evolution of the microvascular damage, as the relative scores increase during the progression of the SSc.
Arthritis preceding fulminant ulcerative colitis and responding to colectomy.
Authors: D K McCulloch, D M Fraser, A L Turner
Journal: BMJ (1980)

for a patient with renal failure.Lowered blood viscosity, which usually accompanies the anaemia of chronic renal failure, may prevent sluggish mesenteric blood flow in other patients undergoing dialysis who are subjected to similar haemodynamic stresses.Digitalis should be considered as a possible cause when evaluating obscure abdominal pain in patients undergoing haemodialysis, who may benefit-and be rendered free of pain-when digitalis is withheld.
Effect of cereal fibre source and processing on rectal epithelial cell proliferation
Authors: F A Macrae, D Kilias, L Selbie, M Abbott, K Sharpe, G P Young
Journal: Gut (1997)

Low fat and wheat bran interventions significantly reduced the growth of small to large adenomas and modestly suppressed rectal epithelial cell proliferation in the Australian Polyp Prevention Project.To study the effect of unprocessed wheat bran, unprocessed oat bran and processed wheat bran (Kellogg's All Bran) on rectal epithelial cell proliferation.Twenty subjects with recent adenomas and a high fat background diet were recruited.Rectal biopsy specimens were taken at entry and at the end of three six-week periods of oat bran (64 g/day), wheat bran (25 g/day) and All Bran (38 g/day), all in association with a diet < 25% energy as fat, in a randomised cross-over trial. Each of the bran supplements had a total of 11 g dietary fibre. The biopsy specimens were fixed in methacarn and stained immunohistochemically for presence of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The kinetics used to measure proliferation were labelling index, whole distribution of labelled cells, and labelled cells in the top two-fifths of crypts using analysis of variance.There were no significant differences in mean labelling indexes between the four diets or in the percentage of labelled cells in the top two-fifths (p = 0.59), but activity in the top two-fifths of crypts was lowest with wheat bran. The mean (SD) labelling indexes were 2.23 (0.11)% for control, 2.13 (0.08)% for wheat bran, 2.19 (0.09)% for oat bran, and 2.12 (0.08)% for All Bran. The proportion in the top two-fifths of the crypts was 2.6 (0.6)% for control, 2.15 (0.5)% for wheat bran, 3.3 (0.9)% for oat bran, and 3.1 (0.9)% for All Bran. On analysis of whole distribution, there was no significant overall effect of diets but there was a difference between subjects. Analysis including total fibre intake also did not identify effects on proliferation.In this study of high risk subjects with initial high fat diets, dietary fibre in association with a low fat diet had no effect on rectal epithelial cell proliferation, although wheat bran had the greatest effect on percentage of labelled cells in the top two-fifths of crypts.
Effects of Exenatide and Lifestyle Modification on Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance in Obese Subjects With and Without Pre-Diabetes
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Leslie J. Klaff, Sherwyn Schwartz, Justin Northrup, John H. Holcombe, Kenneth Wilhelm, Michael Trautmann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of exenatide on body weight and glucose tolerance in nondiabetic obese subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Obese subjects (n = 152; age 46 ± 12 years, female 82%, weight 108.6 ± 23.0 kg, BMI 39.6 ± 7.0 kg/m2, IGT or IFG 25%) were randomized to receive exenatide (n = 73) or placebo (n = 79), along with lifestyle intervention, for 24 weeks. RESULTS Exenatide-treated subjects lost 5.1 ± 0.5 kg from baseline versus 1.6 ± 0.5 kg with placebo (exenatide − placebo, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Placebo-subtracted difference in percent weight reduction was −3.3 ± 0.5% (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Both groups reduced their daily calorie intake (exenatide, −449 cal; placebo, −387 cal). IGT or IFG normalized at end point in 77 and 56% of exenatide and placebo subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide plus lifestyle modification decreased caloric intake and resulted in weight loss in nondiabetic obesity with improved glucose tolerance in subjects with IGT and IFG.
Do patients with irritable bowel syndrome in primary care really differ from outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome?
Authors: H E van der Horst, A M van Dulmen, F G Schellevis, J Th M van Eijk, J F M Fennis, G Bleijenberg
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —Little is known about the comparability of outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and patients with IBS in primary care with regard to severity of complaints, perceived limitations, other aspects of the complaints, and sex differences. Aims —To compare outpatients with IBS with primary care patients with IBS. Patients —One hundred and nine patients with IBS were recruited from general practices in Amsterdam and 86 patients with IBS were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital in Nijmegen. Methods —Each patient completed a questionnaire on demographic variables, abdominal complaints, related complaints, and attributed causes of their abdominal complaints. The scores of the two groups were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results —The outpatient group contained significantly more men, reported more severe abdominal pain, more frequent complaints, more interference with daily activities, and a higher degree of avoidance of activities (p&lt;0.01) than the primary care group. When each sex was analysed separately, these differences remained for female (p&lt;0.01) but not for male patients. Outpatients were more likely to attribute their complaints to somatic causes (p&lt;0.01), whereas primary care patients were more likely to attribute their complaints to stress (p&lt;0.01) or their agitated way of life (p&lt;0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that a high severity score, a large number of additional complaints, and a low score on the stress attribution were important determinants for being in the outpatient group. Conclusions —Female outpatients consider their complaints to be more serious and interfering than do patients with IBS in primary care. Male outpatients were comparable to primary care patients with IBS. More research needs to be done into sex specific differences in IBS and into the factors that influence the decision to refer a patient with IBS.
Effect of glucagon on glucose production during insulin deficiency in the dog.
Authors: A D Cherrington, W W Lacy, J L Chiasson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The aim of the present experiments was to determine the effects of basal glucagon on glucose production after induction of prolonged insulin lack in normal conscious dogs fasted overnight. A selective deficiency of insulin or a combined deficiency of both pancreatic hormones was created by infusing somatostatin alone or in combination with an intraportal replacement infusion of glucagon. Glucose production (GP) was measured by a primed constant infusion of [3H-3]glucose, and gluconeogenesis (GNG) was assessed by determining the conversion rate of circulating [14C]alanine and [14C]lactate into [14C]glucose. When insulin deficiency was induced in the presence of basal glucagon the latter hormone caused GP to double and then to decline so that after 4 h it had returned to the conrol rate. The conversion of alanine and lactate into glucose, on the other hand, increased throughout the period of insulin lack. Withdrawal of glucagon after GP had normalized resulted in a 40% fall in GP, a 37% decrease in GNG, and a marked decrease in the plasma glucose concentration. Induction of insulin deficiency in the absence of basal glucagon resulted in an initial (30%) drop in GP followed by a restoration of normal GP after 2--3 h and moderately enhanced glucose formation from alanine and lactate. It can be concluded that (a) the effect of relative hyperglucagonemia on GP is short-lived; (b) the waning of the effect of glucagon is attributable solely to a diminution of glycogenolysis because GNG remains stimulated; (c) basal glucagon markedly enhances the GNG stimulation apparent after induction of insulin deficiency; and (d) basal glucagon worsens the hyperglycemia pursuant on the induction of insulin deficiency both by triggering an initial overproduction of glucose and by maintaining the basal production rate thereafter.
National Estimates of Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure Burdens Among Nonelderly Adults With Cancer: 2001 to 2008
Authors: Didem S.M. Bernard, Stacy L. Farr, Zhengyi Fang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

To compare the prevalence of high out-of-pocket burdens among patients with cancer with other chronically ill and well patients, and to examine the sociodemographic characteristics associated with high burdens among patients with cancer.The sample included persons 18 to 64 years of age who received treatment for cancer, taken from a nationally representative sample of the US population from the 2001 to 2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We examined the proportion of persons living in families with high out-of-pocket burdens associated with medical spending, including insurance premiums, relative to income, defining high health care (total) burden as spending more than 20% of income on health care (and premiums).The risk of high burdens is significantly greater for patients with cancer compared with other chronically ill and well patients. We find that 13.4% of patients with cancer had high total burdens, in contrast to 9.7% among those with other chronic conditions and 4.4% among those without chronic conditions. Among nonelderly persons with cancer, the following were associated with higher out-of-pocket burdens: private nongroup insurance, age 55 to 64 years, non-Hispanic black, never married or widowed, one child or no children, unemployed, lower income, lower education level, living in nonmetropolitan statistical areas, and having other chronic conditions.High burdens may affect treatment choice and deter patients from getting care. Thus, although a detailed patient-physician discussion of costs of care may not be feasible, we believe that an awareness of out-of-pocket burdens among patients with cancer is useful for clinical oncologists.
Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Phosphorylation Increases Ca <sup>2+</sup> Release Induced by Flash Photolysis of Nitr-5
Authors: Jitandrakumar R. Patel, Roberto Coronado, Richard L. Moss
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Effects on Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release due to phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins were investigated in isoproterenol-treated saponin-permeabilized trabeculae from rat ventricles. In these experiments, Ca 2+ release from the SR was induced by a rapid change in concentration of free Ca 2+ (ie, trigger Ca 2+ ) achieved by flash photolysis of nitr-5, and the amount of Ca 2+ released was assessed by measuring isometric tension. Ca 2+ uptake by the SR was more rapid, and the amount of Ca 2+ released by a given concentration of trigger Ca 2+ was greater in isoproterenol-treated trabeculae compared with control trabeculae. However, under the same conditions of Ca 2+ loading, the amplitudes of caffeine-elicited tension transients in control trabeculae were similar to those in isoproterenol-treated trabeculae, suggesting that the Ca 2+ available for release was similar in the two cases. Control experiments showed that there were no significant differences in Ca 2+ sensitivity of tension between isoproterenol-treated and control trabeculae. Also, application of alkaline phosphatase to trabeculae that had previously been treated with isoproterenol returned SR Ca 2+ release to control levels. We conclude that the greater release of Ca 2+ in isoproterenol-treated trabeculae in response to a given concentration of trigger Ca 2+ is due to phosphorylation of SR proteins, most likely the Ca 2+ release channel.
Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome: are they the same entity?
Authors: S. CAMBIAGHI, G. TADINI, M. BARBARESCHI, S. MENNI, R. CAPUTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome are two disorders in which ectodermal dysplasia and clefting are associated. Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by cleft lip and palate, peculiar craniofacial features, and ectodermal dysplasia, consisting of abnormalities of teeth, hair, nails and sweating. AEC syndrome manifests the same defects plus ankyloblepharon and a higher frequency of scalp dermatitis. A child affected by ectodermal dysplasia associated with clefting, ankyloblepharon, severe scalp dermatitis, and the characteristic Rapp-Hodgkin facies is reported. The overlap between Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome is discussed. Critical review of both disorders suggest that AEC syndrome and Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome represent the same entity.
PI3K and STAT3: A New Alliance
Authors: Peter K. Vogt, Jonathan Ross Hart
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2011)

Abstract Recent proteomic data have uncovered an interdependence of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and STAT3. In PI3K-transformed murine cells, STAT3 is phosphorylated on Y705 and activated in a PI3K-dependent manner, and dominant-negative STAT3 interferes with PI3K-induced oncogenic transformation. Phosphorylation of STAT3 in PI3K-transformed murine cells is mediated by the TEC (tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma) kinase BMX (bone marrow tyrosine kinase gene in chromosome X) and observations in glioblastoma stem cells reveal similar critical roles for STAT3 and BMX. These new data document an important role of STAT3 in PI3K-driven oncogenic transformation and mark BMX as a promising therapeutic target that could enhance the effectiveness of PI3K inhibitors. Significance: The PI3K–TOR and STAT3 signaling pathways represent two distinct regulatory networks. The discovery of a functional link between these pathways is significant for our understanding of PI3K- and STAT3-driven oncogenic mechanisms and identifies the TEC kinase BMX as a new cancer target. Cancer Discovery; 1(6); 481–86. ©2011 AACR.
Mutations in two genes on chromosome 13 resulting in a complex hair and skin phenotype due to two rare genodermatoses: KLICK and autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis simplex
Authors: L. Horev, S. Babay, Y. Ramot, B. Saad-Edin, S. Moorad, A. Ingber, A. Maly, A. Zlotogorski
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)
A multi-modal composition of the late Na+ current in human ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: V MALTSEV, A UNDROVINAS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: We reported an ultraslow late Na+ current (INaL) in ventricular cardiomyocytes of human hearts. INaL has been implicated in regulation of action potential duration in normal hearts and repolarization abnormalities in failing hearts. We have also identified sodium channel (NaCh) gating modes including bursts (BM) and late scattered openings (LSM) that together comprise INaL; however, the contribution of these gating modes to Na+ current (INa) remains unknown. In the present study, the late NaCh activity was recorded, analyzed, and modeled for heterologously expressed NaCh, Nav1.5, and for the native NaCh of ventricular mid-myocardial cardiomyocytes from normal and failing hearts.
Absence of HER4 Expression Predicts Recurrence of Ductal Carcinoma <i>In situ</i> of the Breast
Authors: Nicola L.P. Barnes, Sahar Khavari, Gary P. Boland, Angela Cramer, W. Fiona Knox, Nigel J. Bundred
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

The type 1 tyrosine kinase receptor HER2 (c-erbB2/neu) is associated with resistance to hormone therapy and poor survival in invasive breast cancer, whereas HER4 expression is associated with endocrine responsiveness. Patterns of tyrosine kinase receptor coexpression may aid prediction of recurrence risk after surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Women who had undergone surgery for pure DCIS were studied. Out of 129 primary tumors, 39 had recurred and 90 had not recurred after 5 years of follow-up. Primary tumors were compared for HER2, HER3, and HER4, estrogen receptor, and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry. HER2 was expressed in 58%, HER3 in 49%, and HER4 in 63% of nonrecurrent DCIS, compared with HER2 expression in 82% (P = 0.008), HER3 expression in 71% (P = 0.04), and HER4 expression in 36% (P = 0.004) in DCIS that subsequently recurred. Dually expressing HER2/4 DCIS was more likely to be estrogen receptor positive than HER2-only-expressing DCIS (73% versus 53%; P = 0.05). HER2 expression was associated with a higher percentage and HER4 expression a significantly lower percentage of proliferating DCIS cells (median, 13.8% versus 8.4%; P = 0.001). Coexpression of HER2 with HER4 was associated with reduced recurrence compared with HER2-only positive DCIS (P = 0.003). This association remained significant when analyzing only high nuclear-grade DCIS (P = 0.015). Low nuclear grade, low proliferation rate and presence of HER4 expression were independent predictors of nonrecurrence. Potentially, HER4 expression may identify women who could avoid radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for DCIS.
Loss of the α7 Integrin Promotes Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation and Altered Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Jennifer V. Welser, Naomi Lange, Cherie A. Singer, Margaret Elorza, Paul Scowen, Kathleen D. Keef, William T. Gerthoffer, Dean J. Burkin
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are underlying factors in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that altered expression of vascular integrins and extracellular matrix proteins may contribute to the vascular remodeling observed after arterial injury and during disease. We have recently shown that loss of the α7β1 integrin results in VSMC hyperplasia. To investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying this phenotype, we have examined changes in cell signaling pathways associated with VSMC proliferation. Several studies have demonstrated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is activated in response to vascular injury and disease. In this study, we show that loss of the α7 integrin in VSMCs results in activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and translocation of the activated kinase to the nucleus. Forced expression of the α7 integrin or use of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor U0126 in α7 integrin–deficient VSMCs suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and restored the differentiated phenotype to α7 integrin–null cells in a manner dependent on Ras signaling. α7 Integrin–null mice displayed profound vascular remodeling in response to injury with pronounced neointimal formation and reduced vascular compliance. These findings demonstrate that the α7β1 integrin negatively regulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and suggests an important role for this integrin as part of a signaling complex regulating VSMC phenotype switching.
Rheumatoid arthritis in Kenya. II.Serological observations.
Authors: V Houba, L R Bagg, D P Hansen, T Bowry
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Sera from 48 Kenyan Africans with rheumatoid arthritis, 43 patients with other diseases, and 98 blood donors were tested for the presence of rheumatoid factor by latex fixation tests using human European, human African, and rabbit immunoglobulin, and a sheep cell haemagglutination test. In the patients with rheumatoid arthritis the frequency of rheumatoid factor was comparable to that reported in series from Europe and the USA, thus differing from the findings in West Africa. In the control patients and blood donors a high frequency of positive tests for rheumatoid factor was found; a similar result has been obtained from population studies in other African countries. Broadly similar results were obtained with each of the latex tests, and these were found to be less specific for rheumatoid arthritis than the sheep cell haemagglutination test.
Violence in America: A Public Health Emergency
Authors: C. Everett Koop
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Violence, according to one dictionary, is defined as (1) exertion of any physical force so as to injure or abuse, (2) injury by or as if by distortion, infringement, or profanation, (3) intense, turbulent and often destructive action, or force. In his book Powershift Alvin Toffler identifies violence or the threat of violence as one of the three fundamental sources of all human power, the other two being money and knowledge. Toffler convincingly argues that these power sources influence every person and all groups including government. Of the three, violence is the lowest form of power because it can only be used to punish. Knowledge and money are far more versatile and can be used in an infinite variety of positive as well as negative or manipulative ways. 1 The violence referred to in this issue of JAMA is the interpersonal kind rather than such types as war or that