tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Diagnostics: Assays, Tissues, Progress, and Pitfalls
Authors: Carmen Allegra, Daniel Sargent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.073 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12560423 Molecular Diagnostics: Assays, Tissues, Progress, and Pitfalls Carmen AllegraxCarmen AllegraSearch for articles by this author , Daniel SargentxDaniel SargentSearch for articles by this author Show More Network for Medical Communication and Research, Bethesda, MDThe Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.073 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Molecular Diagnostics: Assays, Tissues, Progress, and Pitfalls." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(3), pp. 395–396© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Combination Drug Therapy for Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Cara East, David W. Bilheimer, Scott M. Grundy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To compare the efficacy of gemfibrozil and colestipol with gemfibrozil and lovastatin in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Design: A prospective, randomized trial. Setting: An outpatient clinical research center in a tertiary care center. Patients: Seventeen patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia documented by studies of first-degree relatives; nine patients with type 2b hyperlipoproteinemia, and eight patients with type 4 hyperlipoproteinemia. Interventions: Baseline lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels were obtained during control periods on diet alone and on gemfibrozil therapy. Patients then received gemfibrozil and colestipol or gemfibrozil and lovastatin in a randomized order. Measurements and Main Results: In patients with type 2b hyperlipoproteinemia, gemfibrozil alone significantly reduced total cholesterol by 11%, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apolipoprotein B by 18%, did not change LDL-cholesterol, and raised high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels by 26%. Addition of either colestipol or lovastatin reduced LDL-cholesterol levels by 17% and 25%, respectively, compared to gemfibrozil alone. However, colestipol mitigated the HDL-cholesterol raising effect of gemfibrozil and did not further reduce LDL-apolipoprotein B levels. In contrast, addition of lovastatin caused an additional reduction of LDL-apolipoprotein B 19% compared with gemfibrozil alone. In patients with type 4 hyperlipoproteinemia, gemfibrozil alone reduced triglycerides by 40%, raised HDL-cholesterol by 26%, and increased LDL-cholesterol levels by 29%. The addition of either colestipol or lovastatin reduced LDL-cholesterol levels by 34% and 33%, respectively (compared with gemfibrozil alone), but greater reductions of LDL-apolipoprotein B (30% with lovastatin compared with 15% with colestipol, compared with gemfibrozil alone), and increases in HDL-cholesterol levels (8% increase with lovastatin compared with 10% decrease with colestipol, compared to gemfibrozil alone) were seen with the lovastatin combination. Conclusions: Although gemfibrozil with either colestipol or lovastatin favorably altered lipoprotein levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia, the combination of gemfibrozil and lovastatin appeared superior overall.
482. Neuronal Gene Transfer with HIV-1-Based Lentiviral Vectors Pseudotyped with Lyssavirus Glycoproteins
Authors: Qingshan Teng, Mary E. Garrity-Moses, Thais Federici, Jun Yang, Robert Kutner, Noel Tordo, Jakob Reiser, Nicholas M. Boulis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: The delivery of therapeutic proteins to the central nervous system represents an appealing strategy for the treatment of nerve injury and disorders of the CNS. Important factors determining CNS targeting include tropism of the viral vectors and retrograde transport of the vector particles. In the present study, an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector was pseudotyped with four different envelope (Env) glycoproteins generating four different HIV-1 pseudotypes. To select a high tropism HIV-1 pseudotype for CNS targeting, SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells were infected with pseudotyped vectors.
Association of the IFIH1-GCA-KCNH7 chromosomal region with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A Martinez, J Varade, J R Lamas, M Fernandez-Arquero, J A Jover, E G de la Concha, B Fernandez-Gutierrez, E Urcelay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

The cause of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown, although both genetic and environmental factors are involved. A genome-wide association study of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed the involvement of rs1990760, a change Ala946Thr in the IFIH1 interferon induced helicase gene, in type 1 diabetes risk.1 Further analyses of the locus surrounding this marker obtained compelling statistical support of the genetic equivalence of some other SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs1990760, making it impossible to ascertain the aetiological variant. The associated chromosomal region in 2q24.3 includes three genes: IFIH1 , also known as helicard or melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 ( mda-5 )2; grancalcin ( GCA ); and a potassium voltage gated channel ( KCNH7 ). We analysed three variants along this region to investigate whether this locus is involved in RA, another autoimmune disease.

We replicated the effect …
Intravital microscopy and capillaroscopically guided nail fold biopsy in scleroderma.
Authors: A F von Bierbrauer, H D Mennel, J A Schmidt, P von Wichert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To describe the frequency, extent, and nature of microvascular lesions in patients with scleroderma by means of capillaroscopy and capillaroscopically guided nail fold biopsy, and to determine the diagnostic value of the two methods and the pathophysiological significance of the lesions described.A cohort study was made of 24 consecutive patients with scleroderma and 10 healthy controls, using standardised clinical, serological, capillaroscopic, and histological (nail fold biopsy) techniques.All patients with scleroderma had distinct lesions of the microvascular system. Capillaroscopy revealed more than 90% of the patients to have the typical scleroderma pattern. Histologically, these changes most frequently consisted of splitting of the basal lamina, broadening of the perivascular connective tissue, perivascular round cell infiltrations, and immunoglobulin deposits (each in 60-75% of the patients). Electron microscopy was the most sensitive method of histological examination, detecting abnormalities in 87.5% of patients; with light microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques, abnormalities were revealed less frequently (83.3% and 75%, respectively). In contrast, normal findings were observed in most of the healthy controls: capillaroscopy = 90%; histology = 80%.Microvascular lesions are a predominant feature in scleroderma and seem to have a central pathogenetic role in the disease. Capillaroscopy is able to identify this microangiopathy noninvasively, and capillaroscopically guided nail fold biopsy can detect the frequency and nature of the underlying ultrastructural changes. This may therefore be a useful tool in describing the pathogenetic role of the microvascular system in scleroderma.
Male Circumcision, Penile Human Papillomavirus Infection, and Cervical Cancer in Female Partners
Authors: Xavier Castellsagué, F. Xavier Bosch, Nubia Muñoz, Chris J.L.M. Meijer, Keerti V. Shah, Silvia de Sanjosé, José Eluf-Neto, Corazon A. Ngelangel, Saibua Chichareon, Jennifer S. Smith, Rolando Herrero, Victor Moreno, Silvia Franceschi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

It is uncertain whether male circumcision reduces the risks of penile human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the man and of cervical cancer in his female partner.
Nicorandil suppresses early afterdepolarisation and ventricular arrhythmias induced by caesium chloride in rabbits in vivo
Authors: N. Takahashi, M. Ito, T. Saikawa, M. Arita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Nicorandil suppresses early afterdepolarisation and ventricular arrhythmias induced by caesium chloride in rabbits in vivo Get access Naohiko Takahashi, Naohiko Takahashi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Morio Ito, Morio Ito Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tetsunori Saikawa, Tetsunori Saikawa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Makoto Arita Makoto Arita Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 6, June 1991, Pages 445–452, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.6.445 Published: 01 June 1991 Article history Received: 26 November 1990 Accepted: 16 January 1991 Published: 01 June 1991
Multicenter aspirin and ticlopidine trial after intracoronary stenting in high risk patients
Authors: P. Urban, C. Macaya, H.-J. Rupprecht, F. Kiemeneij, H. Emanuelsson, A. Fontanelli, M. Pieper, T. Wesseling, L. Sagnard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Treatment of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia purpura with concurrent intravenous immunoglobulin and platelet transfusion: A retrospective review of 40 patients
Authors: Joseph E. Spahr, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

We performed a retrospective review of patients with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) treated with prolonged infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) (1 g/kg by continuous infusion over 24 hr) and concurrent platelets (1 pheresis unit every 8 hr), to determine the response rate of this therapy. Patient inclusion criteria included clinically significant thrombocytopenia, with either active bleeding, need for anticoagulation, or a needed surgical procedure. The average pretreatment platelet count was 10,000/microl, which increased to 55,000/microl after 24 hr and 69,000/microl after 48 hr. After 24 hr, 62.7% of patients had a platelet count >50,000/microl. Bleeding was controlled initially in all patients, and those requiring a procedure experienced no bleeding complications. Over half of the patients (52.5%) required additional treatments for recurrent or refractory ITP. Six of the 21 patients requiring retreatment (29%) received IVIg and platelets again in a similar fashion, with similar results. No side effects of the combined treatment were noted. There is limited literature on the optimal dose and schedule for administration of IVIg and platelets. Our approach for administration of IVIg and platelets concurrently was associated with minimal side effects, resolution of bleeding, ability to safely undergo procedures, and rapid restoration of adequate platelet counts.
Vasopressin Antagonists — Progress and Promise
Authors: Richard M. Hays
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Hyponatremia is the most common in-hospital electrolyte disorder that a physician encounters. Its management has been the subject of numerous studies and reviews. In patients with chronic heart failure or cirrhosis, water retention, mediated by the vasopressin V2 receptor in the renal collecting tubule, is an initially positive defense against a decrease in cardiac output or the dilated splanchnic circulation in cirrhosis.1 The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is, of course, another matter. Water retention in SIADH serves no physiologic purpose, and hyponatremia may be serious enough to require emergency measures.Until now, the management of hyponatremia . . .
It Is OK to Get Sick in July
Authors: Eugene C. Rich, Steve Hillson, Bryan E Dowd, Gregory Gifford, Michael Luxenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In his letter of August 1, Blumberg<sup>1,2</sup>described the very interesting finding of a July elevation in the mortality rate of teaching hospital patients undergoing nonelective surgery as compared with patients in nonteaching hospitals. While Blumberg's study differs from ours in various respects (eg, surgical patients, patient selection based on procedure, multihospital data for a single year), the most important difference is the focus on a unique effect in July. Our study explored the effects of increasing house-staff experience (as defined by the month of the academic year) on inpatient care, rather than identifying effects isolated to July.<sup>3</sup> Many changes in patient care occur in July in teaching hospitals that are unrelated to house-staff experience but may affect cost or other outcomes. For example, although physician discontinuity is a common occurrence in teaching hospitals, July is the one month when all house staff change
ADDITION OF ALBUMIN, BILIRUBIN, WBC DIFFERENTIAL COUNT, AND OTHER ROUTINELY COLLECTED LABORATORY TESTS TO THE INTERMOUNTAIN RISK SCORE IMPROVES THE PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF DEATH AMONG A GENERAL HEALTHCARE POPULATION
Authors: Heidi Thomas May, Jeffrey Anderson, J. Muhlestein, Donald Lappe, Brianna Ronnow, Benjamin Horne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Controversies in Management: Chemotherapy for solid tumours
Authors: G M Mead
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Services can be rationalised (amalgamated) to address financial concerns, while still maintaining and even improving quality of service * A start budget needs to be accurate: identify all component costs, including hidden support costs * Centralise or rationalise staff and equipment for specialist tests * To increase efficiency, computerise where possible, and consider lease rather than purchase of equipment * Introduce zero based, flexible budgeting for selected services instead of a fixed budget allo- cated on the basis ofprevious demand * Reduce staff costs, often one of the largest overheads, by cross discipline working patterns and a change in the skills mix of staff detailed aspects of budget management being the responsibility of the directorate's business manager.What is more demanding at clinical director level is the management skill required to implement change and achieve a synergy between the directorate and hospital management to ensure purposeful implementation of agreed strategy.
Influence of Nitrogen Mustard on Tumor Implantation
Authors: Isidore Cohn
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The value of mechlorethamine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard) versus saline in controlling tumor implantation in the peritoneal cavity has been explored in paired experiments using the Brown Pearce tumor in rabbits. Mechlorethamine hydrochloride irrigation of the peritoneal cavity was no more effective than saline irrigation in the prevention of tumor implantation. Mechlorethamine hydrochloride instilled and left in the peritoneal cavity was no more effective than saline in the prevention of tumor implantation. Mechlorethamine hydrochloride irrigation of the cut ends of the bowel and of the peritoneal cavity after an anastomosis of the colon was no more effective than irrigation with saline in controlling implantation of tumor at the anastomosis or in the peritoneal cavity. If the response of clinical cancer of the colon to mechlorethamine hydrochloride is comparable to that of the Brown-Pearce tumor, then intraperitoneal mechlorethamine hydrochloride therapy should be employed cautiously.
Infection, mimics, and autoimmune disease
Authors: Noel R. Rose
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The observation that infection can precipitate an autoimmune disease dates back more than a century.The first human autoimmune disease described, paroxysmal cold hemoglobulinuria, was thought of as a late consequence of syphilis, and rheumatic fever is still associated with preceding streptococcal infection.In modern times, these associations have been attributed to molecular mimicry.In its simplest form, the concept of molecular mimicry states that antigenic determinants of infectious microorganisms resemble structures in the tissues of the host but differ enough to be recognized as foreign by the host's immune system.It is now clear that mimicry on the molecular level is a common phenomenon; that is, many sequential and structural determinants of infectious agents simulate epitopes of host tissues (1).But, as Mackay and I remarked recently, "There are, as yet, no firm instances of molecular mimicry by microorganisms serving as initiating agents of human autoimmune disease…" (2).
Comparative Study of Tuberculin Tine and Mantoux Tests in 676 College Students
Authors: George E. Maha
Journal: JAMA (1962)

TUBERCULIN SKIN TESTING of all new students and employees is an established procedure at this institution. The intradermal administration of purified protein derivative (PPD) has been used for skin testing. Although it is the standard method for tuberculin skin testing, the Mantoux test presents certain problems in mass testing. Proper intradermal administration and the necessity for preparation of fresh tuberculin material are time and labor-consuming. Furthermore, there is the risk of hepatitis, unless a separate sterile needle and syringe are used for each person. An acceptable and reliable alternate method has been needed for mass testing. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience with a new method for mass testing, the tuberculin tine test, in a comparative study with the Mantoux test.  Materials and Methods  Both the tuberculin tine and the Mantoux tests, the latter employing intermediate strength PPD, were given simultaneously to 676 college students.  The
Urgent action is needed to tackle smoking in armed forces
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The high percentage of UK military personnel who smoke warrants urgent action, concludes a new study, which shows that the smoking rates increased even further while troops were deployed in Iraq.

The study, which was based on a survey of some 600 army staff working in a field hospital in Iraq and is reported in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004;97: 20-2), found that some 34% of “regulars” smoked. This percentage considerably exceeds the government's target to reduce the percentage of the whole population that smokes to 26% by …
Improved Rodent Maternal Metabolism But Reduced Intrauterine Growth After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Bernadette E. Grayson, Katarina M. Schneider, Stephen C. Woods, Randy J. Seeley
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Despite improved rodent maternal metabolism after vertical sleeve gastrectomy, offspring of dams after surgery show intrauterine growth restriction.
UK doctor who charged for unworked shifts is allowed to resume practice after repaying hospital and showing remorse
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A doctor who was convicted of dishonestly billing his NHS employer for time that he never worked has been allowed to resume unrestricted practice after his registration was suspended for nine months.

While working as a locum at Maidstone Hospital in Kent in 2011, Sunil Parmar submitted six time sheets for weekend duties that he had never performed, faxing them directly to the locum agency instead of passing them through the emergency department consultant’s secretary as hospital rules required.

He was interviewed …
Remarks on the Necessity of Legislation for the Control and Treatment of Insane Drinkers
Authors: A. Peddie
Journal: BMJ (1875)

some other insanities; 4. Those who acquire it through a course of Rvicious indulgence in stimulants.In whichever way produced, or from whatever combination of causes, ON the distinguishing feature of this malady in its confirmed state is total loss of self-respect and self-control under an overwhelming craving for THE NECESSITY OF LEGISLATION FOR 1 alcoholic drinks, although with little or no palatal relish for the same, THE CONTROL AND TREATMENT which must be gratified at any cost, regardless of honoir or truth, OF INSANE DRINKERS'.*and, in fact, unaffected by appeals to reason or self-interest, the tears of affection, or suggestions of duty either to God or man.
INSIGHTS INTO VENTRICULAR MECHANICS IN THE UNLOOPED HEART: VENTRICULAR TWISTING AND UNTWISTING IN A RIGHT ATRIAL ISOMERISM SINGLE VENTRICLE FETAL MOUSE MODEL
Authors: David J. Sahn, Lowell H. Frank, Linda Leatherbury, Uyen T. Truong, Cecelia W. Lo, Qing Yu, Petra S. Niemann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Socioeconomic variations in responses to chest pain: qualitative study
Authors: H. M. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To explore and explain socioeconomic variations in perceptions of and behavioural responses to chest pain. <b>Design:</b> Qualitative interviews. <b>Setting:</b> Community based study in Glasgow, Scotland. <b>Participants:</b> 30 respondents (15 men and 15 women) from a socioeconomically deprived area of Glasgow and 30 respondents (15 men and 15 women) from an affluent area of Glasgow. <b>Outcome measures:</b> Participants9 reports of their perceptions of and actions in response to chest pain. <b>Results:</b> Residents of the deprived area reported greater perceived vulnerability to heart disease, stemming from greater exposure to heart disease in family members and greater identification with high risk groups and stereotypes of cardiac patients. This greater perceived vulnerability was not associated with more frequent reporting of presenting to a general practitioner. People from the deprived area reported greater exposure to ill health, which allowed them to normalise their chest pain, led to confusion with other conditions, and gave rise to a belief that they were overusing medical services. These factors were associated with a reported tendency not to present with chest pain. Anxiety about presenting among respondents in the deprived area was heightened by self blame and fear that they would be chastised by their general practitioner for their risk behaviours. <b>Conclusions:</b> Important socioeconomic variations in responses to chest pain may contribute to the known inequities in uptake of secondary cardiology services. Primary care professionals and health promoters should be aware of the ways in which perceptions of symptoms and illness behaviour are shaped by social and cultural factors.
Is propositional learning necessary for human autonomic classical conditioning?
Authors: Michael E. Dawson, Anne M. Schell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Additional support is presented for the necessity of awareness of the CS-US relation in human autonomic conditioning. However, possible limitations and exceptions regarding this general rule are discussed. Limitations include the lack of relationship between conditioned response (CR) strength and degree of awareness, and an important exception may be the finding of conditioning with backwardly masked CSs of a biologically prepared nature.
Tuberculosis: A search for novel therapy starting with natural products
Authors: Lester A. Mitscher, William Baker
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1998)

The reemergence of tuberculosis and closely related diseases as significant public health problems is briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the exacerbating role of AIDS and multiple drug resistance. Screening methods available for discovering new chemical entities active against resistant strains are discussed and their use in screening extracts and compounds for activity is illustrated with a number of newly discovered structures being presented. In particular, the properties of the potent and structurally novel indoloquinazolinone alkaloid, tryptanthrin, is described. Many analogs of this lead structure were synthesized by combinatorial and multiple parallel synthetic techniques and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their potential in the chemotherapy of human infections. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 18, No. 6, 363–374, 1998.