tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pretransplantation hemodialysis strategy influences early renal graft function.
Authors: A A Van Loo, R C Vanholder, P R Bernaert, F E Vermassen, M Van der Vennet, N H Lameire
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

The influence of the pretransplantation hemodialysis strategy on early renal graft function was evaluated in 44 patients receiving hemodialysis in the 24 h preceding kidney transplantation and in 13 patients receiving hemodialysis more than 24 h before transplantation. The patients dialyzed less than 24 h before transplantation were stratified according to treatment with or without complement-activating dialyzers (cuprophane, bioincompatible membrane [BICM] versus polysulfone, biocompatible membrane [BCM]) and with or without ultrafiltration (UF). Serum creatinine (Scr) at days 0, 2, 5, 10, and 30, the time for Scr to decrease 50% (T1/2Scr), the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF; defined as urinary volume < 500 ml/d and/or necessity for posttransplantation hemodialysis), and early graft dysfunction (defined as T1/2Scr > 3.5 d) were registered. Scr was higher in BCM- versus BICM-treated patients (P < 0.0001 by variance analysis) and in patients receiving UF versus those receiving no UF (P = 0.0009). T1/2Scr was higher in treatment with BICM versus BCM (7.4 +/- 7.9 versus 3.1 +/- 2.9 d; P < 0.05) and UF versus no UF (7.1 +/- 7.7 versus 2.7 +/- 2.0 d; P < 0.01). The evolution of Scr was markedly more favorable in the patient group treated with BCM without UF (T1/2Scr 1.7 +/- 0.8 d) compared with the group treated with BICM and UF (T1/2Scr 9.3 +/- 9.1 d; P < 0.01). The remaining groups (BICM without UF and BCM with UF) showed intermediate results. The incidence of ARF and early graft dysfunction was higher in the group on BICM with UF compared to BCM without UF. Functional differences persisted up to 1 mo after transplantation. Patients who underwent dialysis with UF more than 24 h before transplantation had a more beneficial evolution of renal function parameters than those who were dialyzed with UF less than 24 h before transplantation. In conclusion, the use of BICM and the application of UF within 24 h before kidney transplantation enhance the risk of posttransplantation ARF and early graft dysfunction.
NLRC3, a Member of the NLR Family of Proteins, Is a Negative Regulator of Innate Immune Signaling Induced by the DNA Sensor STING
Authors: Lu Zhang, Jinyao Mo, Karen V. Swanson, Haitao Wen, Alex Petrucelli, Sean M. Gregory, Zhigang Zhang, Monika Schneider, Yan Jiang, Katherine A. Fitzgerald, Songying Ouyang, Zhi-Jie Liu, Blossom Damania, Hong-Bing Shu, Joseph A. Duncan, Jenny P.-Y. Ting
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Competency for Trial: The Making of an Expert
Authors: ARTHUR HARRIS ROSENBERG, A. LOUIS McGARRY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The authors' four-year examination of the competency for trial issue in Massachusetts suggests that neither the psychiatric nor the legal profession in the state is currently able to deal satisfactorily with the issue. lt is likely that overburdened judges will continue to delegate decision making on the competency isssue to psychiatrists; therefore the authors suggest the necessity for special forensic training and experience so that they may responsibly produce expert opinions on the subject.
Role of Acetylation and Extracellular Location of Heat Shock Protein 90α in Tumor Cell Invasion
Authors: Yonghua Yang, Rehka Rao, Jie Shen, Yun Tang, Warren Fiskus, John Nechtman, Peter Atadja, Kapil Bhalla
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Heat shock protein (hsp) 90 is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that maintains the active conformation of client oncoproteins in cancer cells. An isoform, hsp90α, promotes extracellular maturation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Knockdown of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6, which deacetylates lysine residues in hsp90, induces reversible hyperacetylation and attenuates ATP binding and chaperone function of hsp90. Here, using mass spectrometry, we identified seven lysine residues in hsp90α that are hyperacetylated after treatment of eukaryotic cells with a pan-HDAC inhibitor that also inhibits HDAC6. Depending on the specific lysine residue in the middle domain involved, although acetylation affects ATP, cochaperone, and client protein binding to hsp90α, acetylation of all seven lysines increased the binding of hsp90α to 17-allyl-amino-demethoxy geldanamycin. Notably, after treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589), the extracellular hsp90α was hyperacetylated and it bound to MMP-2, which was associated with increased in vitro tumor cell invasiveness. Treatment with antiacetylated hsp90α antibody inhibited in vitro invasion by tumor cells. Thus, reversible hyperacetylation modulates the intracellular and extracellular chaperone function of hsp90, and targeting extracellular hyperacetylated hsp90α may undermine tumor invasion and metastasis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4833–42]
Dissecting Inflammation in ESRD
Authors: Carmine Zoccali, Giovanni Tripepi, Francesca Mallamaci
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Because atherogenesis represents a type of chronic inflammation that involves multiple elements of the inflammatory-immune response, the simultaneous prediction power for death of C-reactive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) was tested in a cohort of 217 patients with ESRD. During the follow-up period (average 41 mo), 112 patients died. In an analysis that was adjusted for other risk factors, the relative risks for death of patients who were exposed to high levels of one, two, three, and four or more inflammation biomarkers were 1.48, 1.64, 2.76, and 3.05 times higher, respectively, than that of patients in the reference category (no inflammation). In this model, the explained variation in mortality that was attributable to overall inflammation burden (+9.1%) was marginally higher (<i>P</i> = 0.06) than that provided by IL-6 alone (+6.1%). In an alternative analysis based on the Bayesian approach (receiver operating characteristic curves analysis), the prediction power of the combined inflammatory burden was identical to that provided by the sole IL-6 (0.59 ± 0.04 <i>versus</i> 0.59 ± 0.04). IL-6 captures almost entirely the prediction power of the overall inflammation burden in patients with ESRD. IL-6 seems to be an almost ideal indicator of the severity of inflammation. The use of this biomarker can be recommended in clinical studies that aim to better the understanding of inflammation or to modify it in this population.
β-catenin confers resistance to PI3K and AKT inhibitors and subverts FOXO3a to promote metastasis in colon cancer
Authors: Stephan P Tenbaum, Paloma Ordóñez-Morán, Isabel Puig, Irene Chicote, Oriol Arqués, Stefania Landolfi, Yolanda Fernández, José Raúl Herance, Juan D Gispert, Leire Mendizabal, Susana Aguilar, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Simó Schwartz, Ana Vivancos, Eloy Espín, Santiago Rojas, José Baselga, Josep Tabernero, Alberto Muñoz, Héctor G Palmer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
ABRASIONS AND CONTUSIONS
Authors: R. J. M. Love
Journal: BMJ (1938)

An abrasion as such is of little moment, but it may be of supreme importance in that solution of continuity of skin or mucous membrane is apt to allow the entry of organisms into the tissues.Theoretically even the smallest abrasion should be treated with promptitude, and treat- ment maintained until the wound is soundly healed.In practice, however, small abrasions are often considered to be such trivial injuries that they are apt to be neglected, or at the most receive a " dab of iodine."Members of the medical profession who are exposed to the risk of virulent infections, especially pathologists and surgeons, are some- times sufficiently careful to protect an abrasion from in- fection, but even among our own profession tragedies occur from time to time.The organisms which may gain entry through an abrasion fall into two groups-namely, non-specific, or pyogenic, and specific.Non-specific Infections Various strains of staphylococci and streptococci com- monly affect the tissues in the region of a neglected abrasion.Staphylococcal infections are usually localized, and if suppuration occurs the pus is thick and creamy.
A Prospective 2-Year Study of Emergency Department Patients With Early-Phase Primary Psychosis or Substance-Induced Psychosis
Authors: Robert E. Drake, Carol L.M. Caton, Haiyi Xie, Eustace Hsu, Prakash Gorroochurn, Sharon Samet, Deborah S. Hasin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

The authors examined treatment utilization and outcomes over 2 years among patients admitted to emergency departments with early-phase primary or substance-induced psychosis. The main hypothesis was that patients with substance-induced psychosis would have a more benign course of illness than those with primary psychosisUsing a prospective naturalistic cohort study design, the authors compared 217 patients with early-phase primary psychosis plus substance use and 134 patients with early-phase substance-induced psychosis who presented to psychiatric emergency departments at hospitals in Upper Manhattan. Assessments at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months included psychiatric diagnoses, service use, and institutional outcomes using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders; psychiatric symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; social, vocational, and family functioning using the World Health Organization Psychiatric Disability Assessment Schedule; and life satisfaction using the Quality of Life Interview. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations.Participants with primary psychosis were more likely to receive antipsychotic and mood-stabilizing medications, undergo hospitalizations, and have outpatient psychiatric visits; those with substance-induced psychosis were more likely to receive addiction treatments. Only a minority of each group received minimally adequate treatments. Both groups improved significantly over time on substance dependence, psychotic symptoms, homelessness, and psychosocial outcomes, and few group-by-time interactions emerged.Patients presenting to Upper Manhattan emergency departments with either early-phase primary psychosis or substance-induced psychosis improved steadily over 2 years despite minimal use of mental health and substance abuse services.
Maternal and Cord Blood Adiponectin Multimeric Forms in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mónica Ballesteros, Inmaculada Simón, Joan Vendrell, Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Ramon M. Miralles, Gerard Albaiges, Francisco Tinahones, Ana Megia
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To analyze the relationship between maternal adiponectin (mAdiponectin) and cord blood adiponectin (cbAdiponectin) multimeric forms (high molecular weight [HMW], medium molecular weight [MMW], and low molecular weight [LMW]) in a cohort of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) pregnant women.A total of 212 women with a singleton pregnancy, 132 with NGT and 80 with GDM, and their offspring were studied. Maternal blood was obtained in the early third trimester and cord blood was obtained at delivery. Total adiponectin and the multimeric forms of adiponectin were determined in cord blood and maternal serum. Spearman rank correlation and stepwise linear correlation analysis were used to assess the relationship between cbAdiponectin levels and clinical and analytical parameters.No differences in cbAdiponectin concentration or its multimeric forms were observed in the offspring of diabetic mothers compared with NGT mothers. The HMW-to-total adiponectin ratio was higher in cord blood than in maternal serum, whereas the MMW- and LMW-to-total adiponectin ratio was lower. Cord blood total and HMW adiponectin levels were positively correlated with birth weight and the ponderal index (PI), whereas cord blood MMW adiponectin was negatively correlated with the PI. In addition, cbAdiponectin and its multimeric forms were correlated with mAdiponectin concentrations. In the multivariate analysis, maternal multimeric forms of adiponectin emerged as independent predictors of cbAdiponectin, its multimers, and their distribution.cbAdiponectin concentrations are independently related to mAdiponectin levels and unrelated to the diagnosis of GDM. Maternal multimeric forms of adiponectin are independent predictors of the concentrations of cbAdiponectin and its multimeric forms at delivery.
Reduction of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit expression by modified U1 snRNA caused apoptosis in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Anna Jankowska, Samuel I Gunderson, Miroslaw Andrusiewicz, Beata Burczynska, Anna Szczerba, Artur Jarmolowski, Ewa Nowak-Markwitz, Jerzy B Warchol
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2008)

Secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin, especially its beta subunit by malignant trophoblastic tumors and varieties of tumors of different origin is now well documented; however the role of hCG in tumorogenesis is still unknown. This study documents the molecular presence of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit in uterine cervix cancer tissues and investigates a novel technique to reduce hCGβ levels based on expression of a modified U1 snRNA as a method to study the hormone's role in biology of human cervical cancer cells cultured in vitro. The property of U1 snRNA to block the accumulation of specific RNA transcript when it binds to its donor sequence within the 3' terminal exon was used. The first 10 nucleotides of the human U1 snRNA gene, which normally binds to the 5'ss in pre-mRNA were replaced by a sequence complementary to a 10-nt segment in the terminal exon of the hCGβ mRNA. Three different 5' end-mutated U1 snRNA expression plasmids were tested, each targeting a different sequence in the hCGβ mRNA, and we found each one blocked the expression of hCGβ in HeLa cells, a cervix carcinoma cell line, as shown by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Reduction of hCGβ levels resulted in a significantly increased apoptosis rate with almost 90% of cells transfected with modified anti-hCGβ U1 snRNAs showing morphological changes characteristic of the apoptotic process. These data suggest that human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit may act as a tumor growth-stimulating factor.
Shear Stress Induces Synthetic-to-Contractile Phenotypic Modulation in Smooth Muscle Cells via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α/δ Activations by Prostacyclin Released by Sheared Endothelial Cells
Authors: Min-Chien Tsai, Lihong Chen, Jing Zhou, Zhihui Tang, Tzu-Fang Hsu, Ying Wang, Yu-Tsung Shih, Hsin-Hsin Peng, Nanping Wang, Youfei Guan, Shu Chien, Jeng-Jiann Chiu
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Rationale : Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are located in close proximity to endothelial cells (ECs), is critical in regulating vascular function. The role of flow-induced shear stress in the modulation of SMC phenotype has not been well defined. Objective : The objective was to elucidate the role of shear stress on ECs in modulating SMC phenotype and its underlying mechanism. Methods and Results : Application of shear stress (12 dyn/cm 2 ) to ECs cocultured with SMCs modulated SMC phenotype from synthetic to contractile state, with upregulation of contractile markers, downregulation of proinflammatory genes, and decreased percentage of cells in the synthetic phase. Treating SMCs with media from sheared ECs induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, -δ, and -γ ligand binding activities; transfecting SMCs with specific small interfering (si)RNAs of PPAR-α and -δ, but not -γ, inhibited shear induction of contractile markers. ECs exposed to shear stress released prostacyclin (PGI 2 ). Transfecting ECs with PGI 2 synthase-specific siRNA inhibited shear-induced activation of PPAR-α/δ, upregulation of contractile markers, downregulation of proinflammatory genes, and decrease in percentage of SMCs in synthetic phase. Mice with PPAR-α deficiency (compared with control littermates) showed altered SMC phenotype toward a synthetic state, with increased arterial contractility in response to angiotensin II. Conclusions : These results indicate that laminar shear stress induces synthetic-to-contractile phenotypic modulation in SMCs through the activation of PPAR-α/δ by the EC-released PGI 2 . Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the EC-SMC interplays and the protective homeostatic function of laminar shear stress in modulating SMC phenotype.
604 Parenteral iron enhences liver injury in methionine choline deficient diet induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats
Authors: V. Tahan, A. Sonsuz, N. Imeryuz, S. Uraz, S. Akpulat, M. Yuksel, D. Ozcelik, E. Avsar, C. Ataizi Celikel, G. Haklar, N. Tozun
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
A cause for concern? An asymptomatic mesenteric lesion
Authors: J Iqbal, P Isaacs, M Sissons, R Bury, M Khurshid, M Akhtar
Journal: Gut (2009)

An aymptomatic 56-year-old man presented with a self-referred non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan that showed an abnormality in the mesentery. There was no clinical indication for the CT scan.

Three years previously he had undergone radiotherapy and hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. His prostate specific antigen levels had remained normal and he was in good health.

There was no clinical or biochemical abnormality. A repeat abdominal CT scan with contrast showed a 36 mm mass in the …
Serine/Threonine Kinase AKT Is Frequently Activated in Human Bile Duct Cancer and Is Associated with Increased Radioresistance
Authors: Satoshi Tanno, Nobuyuki Yanagawa, Atsuya Habiro, Kazuya Koizumi, Yasuhiro Nakano, Manabu Osanai, Yusuke Mizukami, Toshikatsu Okumura, Joseph R. Testa, Yutaka Kohgo
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The prognosis for patients with bile duct cancer (BDC) remains poor. Although BDC cells are essentially radioresistant, recent reports have suggested that radiation therapy, in addition to its palliative role in the management of BDC, may improve patient survival. A better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to cellular radioresistance may assist in the development of more effective BDC therapies based on radiotherapy in combination with radiosensitizing agents. The serine/threonine kinase AKT/protein kinase B, a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase, is a well-characterized kinase that is known to play a critical role in antiapoptotic signaling pathways. In this investigation, we sought to clarify the role of AKT signaling in the radioresistance in BDC cells. First, to examine whether activated AKT is expressed in BDCs, tumor specimens were obtained from 19 consecutive BDC cases. Immunohistochemical staining using an anti-phosphorylated-AKT antibody showed that phosphorylated (activated) AKT was expressed in cancer cells but not in neighboring normal mucosa in 16 cases (84.2%). Next, to evaluate the role of AKT activation in the regulation of BDC cell radiosensitivity, clonogenic assays were performed using the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase inhibitor LY294002 with and without irradiation. LY294002 inhibited AKT activation in BDC cells and, on irradiation, decreased clonogenic survival in a radiation dose-dependent manner. Only a small decrease in cell viability was observed in cells exposed to LY294002. Expression of constitutively active AKT in BDC cells resulted in decreased radiosensitivity, whereas a dominant-negative AKT increased radiosensitivity. Furthermore, constitutively active AKT also inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results indicate that activated AKT in BDC cells is associated with radioresistance and suggest that pharmacological or genetic modulation of AKT activity may have important therapeutic implications in BDC patients treated with radiation.
Successful treatment with oral isotretinoin of acneiform skin lesions associated with cetuximab therapy
Authors: R. Gutzmer, T. Werfel, R. Mao, A. Kapp, J. Elsner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Successful treatment with oral isotretinoin of acneiform skin lesions associated with cetuximab therapy Get access R. Gutzmer, R. Gutzmer Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hannover Medical University, Ricklinger Str. 5, D‐30449 Hannover, Germany E‐mail: rgutzmer@gmx.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Werfel, T. Werfel Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hannover Medical University, Ricklinger Str. 5, D‐30449 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Mao, R. Mao Office for Haematology/Oncology, Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Kapp, A. Kapp Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hannover Medical University, Ricklinger Str. 5, D‐30449 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Elsner J. Elsner Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hannover Medical University, Ricklinger Str. 5, D‐30449 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Dermatology and Allergology, Fachklinik Bad Bentheim, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 4, 1 October 2005, Pages 849–851, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06835.x Published: 01 October 2005
Validity of Clinical Trials of Antidepressants
Authors: Frederic M. Quitkin, Judith G. Rabkin, Jessica Gerald, John M. Davis, Donald F. Klein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Recent reports have criticized the design of antidepressant studies and have questioned their validity. These critics have concluded that antidepressants are no better than placebo treatment and that their illusory superiority depends on methodologically flawed studies and biased clinical evaluations. It has been suggested that the blind in randomized trials is penetrable—since clinician's guesses exceed chance—and that only active placebo can appropriately camouflage the difference between drug and placebo response. Furthermore, evidence has been cited to suggest that psychotherapy is as effective as antidepressants in both the acute and maintenance treatment of depression. These positions are often accepted as valid and have been broadly discussed in both the lay press and scientific literature. The purpose of this review is to reassess the cited data that support these assertions. METHOD: The authors examined the specific studies that were cited in these reports, evaluated their methodology, and conducted aggregate analyses. RESULTS: Analyses of the original sources failed to substantiate 1) that standard antidepressants are no more effective than placebo, 2) that active placebo offers an advantage over inactive placebo, or 3) that substantial evidence of a medication bias is suggested by raters' treatment guesses exceeding chance. The authors also note that some researchers have suggested that the interpretation of psychotherapy trials can be complicated by "allegiance effects." CONCLUSIONS: The issue of bias or allegiance effects for both antidepressant and psychotherapy research is real. Investigators of all orientations must guard against potential bias. However, studies cited as supporting the questionable validity of antidepressant trials fail upon closer examination to support assertions that these trials are invalid.
Five year results of rotator cuff repair
Authors: H Habernek, L Schmid, E Frauenschuh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

In thirty nine patients with either an acute rotator cuff rupture or a chronic impingement syndrome plus a cuff tear, a standard acromioplasty was performed along with a cuff repair using a bone detaching approach. Postoperative active motion was allowed in all but three. Follow up examination was performed two and five years after the operation. Continuous improvement in function, range of movement, and strength was observed, while pain increased slightly. The size of the tear and delay in treatment were determining factors in the outcome.