tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fibronectin fragments modulate monocyte VLA-5 expression and monocyte migration
Authors: JoAnn Trial, Robert E. Baughn, James N. Wygant, Bradley W. McIntyre, Holly H. Birdsall, Keith A. Youker, Alida Evans, Mark L. Entman, Roger D. Rossen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

To identify the mechanisms that cause monocyte localization in infarcted myocardium, we studied the impact of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the surface expression and function of the monocyte fibronectin (FN) receptor VLA-5 (α5β1 integrin, CD49e/CD29). Myocardial infarction was associated with the release of FN fragments into cardiac extracellular fluids. Incubating monocytes with postreperfusion cardiac lymph that contained these FN fragments selectively reduced expression of VLA-5, an effect suppressed by specific immunoadsorption of the fragments. Treating monocytes with purified, 120-kDa cell-binding FN fragments (FN120) likewise decreased VLA-5 expression, and did so by inducing a serine proteinase–dependent proteolysis of this β1 integrin. We postulated that changes in VLA-5 expression, which were induced by interactions with cell-binding FN fragments, may alter monocyte migration into tissue FN, a prominent component of the cardiac extracellular matrix. Support for this hypothesis came from experiments showing that FN120 treatment significantly reduced both spontaneous and MCP-1–induced monocyte migration on an FN-impregnated collagen matrix. In vivo, it is likely that contact with cell-binding FN fragments also modulates VLA-5/FN adhesive interactions, and this causes monocytes to accumulate at sites where the fragment concentration is sufficient to ensure proteolytic degradation of VLA-5.
Randomized Trial of Communication Facilitators to Reduce Family Distress and Intensity of End-of-Life Care
Authors: J. Randall Curtis, Patsy D. Treece, Elizabeth L. Nielsen, Julia Gold, Paul S. Ciechanowski, Sarah E. Shannon, Nita Khandelwal, Jessica P. Young, Ruth A. Engelberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Communication with family of critically ill patients is often poor and associated with family distress.To determine if an intensive care unit (ICU) communication facilitator reduces family distress and intensity of end-of-life care.We conducted a randomized trial at two hospitals. Eligible patients had a predicted mortality greater than or equal to 30% and a surrogate decision maker. Facilitators supported communication between clinicians and families, adapted communication to family needs, and mediated conflict.Outcomes included depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among family 3 and 6 months after ICU and resource use. We identified 488 eligible patients and randomized 168. Of 352 eligible family members, 268 participated (76%). Family follow-up at 3 and 6 months ranged from 42 to 47%. The intervention was associated with decreased depressive symptoms at 6 months (P = 0.017), but there were no significant differences in psychological symptoms at 3 months or anxiety or PTSD at 6 months. The intervention was not associated with ICU mortality (25% control vs. 21% intervention; P = 0.615) but decreased ICU costs among all patients (per patient: $75,850 control, $51,060 intervention; P = 0.042) and particularly among decedents ($98,220 control, $22,690 intervention; P = 0.028). Among decedents, the intervention reduced ICU and hospital length of stay (28.5 vs. 7.7 d and 31.8 vs. 8.0 d, respectively; P < 0.001).Communication facilitators may be associated with decreased family depressive symptoms at 6 months, but we found no significant difference at 3 months or in anxiety or PTSD. The intervention reduced costs and length of stay, especially among decedents. This is the first study to find a reduction in intensity of end-of-life care with similar or improved family distress. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00720200).
Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Michèle Hansen, Jennifer J. Kurinczuk, Elizabeth Milne, Nicholas de Klerk, Carol Bower
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2013)

It has been 10 years since we carried out a systematic search of the literature on birth defect risk in infants born following assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared with non-ART infants. Because of changes to ART practice since that review and the publication of more studies the objective of this review was to include these more recent studies to estimate birth defect risk after ART and to examine birth defect risk separately in ART singletons and multiples. We searched Medline, Embase and Current Contents databases (1978–2012). We used the same data extraction sheet and questionnaire we had used previously with the addition of a quality score to the questionnaire. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using a random effects model. All data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2. There were 45 cohort studies included in this review. ART infants (n = 92 671) had a higher risk of birth defects [RR 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.42] compared with naturally conceived infants (n = 3 870 760). The risk further increased when data were restricted to major birth defects (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.29–1.56) or singletons only (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.30–1.43). The results for ART multiples were less clear. When all data for multiples were pooled the RR estimate was 1.11 (95% CI 0.98–1.26) but this increased to 1.26 (0.99–1.60) when the analysis was restricted to studies of ART twins where some adjustment was made for differences in zygosity distribution between ART and non-ART multiples. Birth defects remain more common in ART infants. Further research is required to examine risks for important subgroups of ART exposure.
Pain and joint mobility explain individual subdimensions of the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) disability index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A Hakkinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To explore the associations between individual subdimensions of the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) and clinical variables in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.304 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (73% female, mean (SD) age, 58 (13) years; disease duration 6 (9) years, 69% rheumatoid factor positive) completed the HAQ for functional capacity (0-3) and a 100 mm visual analogue scale for pain. Grip strength, range of motion of the large joints, Larsen score for radiographic damage of hand and foot joints, and the number of tender and swollen joints were recorded. A logit regression model was used to study associations between subdimensions of the HAQ and other variables.Mean (range) total HAQ score was 0.92 (0 to 2.88) and varied from 0.73 to 1.04 in the subdimensions. Disability was lowest in the "walking" and highest in the "reach" subdimension. Pain was an explanatory variable in all individual subdimensions. Decreased grip strength, limitation of shoulder and wrist motion, and a larger number of swollen and tender joints in the upper extremities were related to several subdimensions. A higher pain score and swollen joint count in the upper extremities, decreased grip strength, and limited motion of wrist, shoulder, and knee joints explained increased disability (higher total HAQ scores).In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pain and range of movements of joints have the greatest impact on individual subdimensions of the HAQ. Extent of radiographic damage in peripheral joints and the number of swollen and tender joints are of lesser importance for function.
Detection of Tumor <i>PIK3CA</i> Status in Metastatic Breast Cancer Using Peripheral Blood
Authors: Michaela J. Higgins, Danijela Jelovac, Evan Barnathan, Brian Blair, Shannon Slater, Penny Powers, Jane Zorzi, Stacie C. Jeter, George R. Oliver, John Fetting, Leisha Emens, Carol Riley, Vered Stearns, Frank Diehl, Philipp Angenendt, Peng Huang, Leslie Cope, Pedram Argani, Kathleen M. Murphy, Kurtis E. Bachman, Joel Greshock, Antonio C. Wolff, Ben H. Park
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

We sought to evaluate the feasibility of detecting PIK3CA mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from plasma of patients with metastatic breast cancer using a novel technique called BEAMing.
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: S D West, D J Nicoll, J R Stradling
Journal: Thorax (2006)

A study was undertaken to establish the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in men with type 2 diabetes.Men with type 2 diabetes from local hospital and selected primary care practitioner databases received questionnaires about snoring, apnoeas, and daytime sleepiness based on the Berlin questionnaire. Selected respondents had overnight oximetry to establish whether they had OSA. Comparisons of oximetry were made with those from a previous general population study. HbA1c results were collected.1682 men were sent questionnaires, 56% of whom replied. 57% scored as "high" and 39% as "low" risk for OSA; 4% were already known to have OSA. Oximetry was performed in 240 respondents from both risk groups: 31% of the "high" and 13% of the "low" risk group had significant OSA (more than 10 >4% Sao(2) dips/hour or Sao(2) tracing consistent with OSA). These results were verified by detailed sleep studies. Extrapolation of the oximetry data to the questionnaire respondent population suggests that 23% had OSA. Comparison of the oximetry results with men from a previous general population study (using only more than 10 >4% Sao(2) dips/hour to define OSA) showed the prevalence of OSA is significantly higher in this diabetes population (17% v 6%, p<0.001). Multiple linear regression revealed BMI and diabetes as significant independent predictors of OSA. Following correction for BMI (which explained 13% of the variance in OSA), diabetes explained a further 8% of the variance (p<0.001). There was a low correlation between OSA severity and HbA1c in the subgroup recruited from the hospital database (r = 0.2, p = 0.006) which remained significant after allowing for obesity (p = 0.03).OSA is highly prevalent in men with type 2 diabetes; most are undiagnosed. Diabetes itself may be a significant independent contributor to the risk of OSA.
Olmsted syndrome in an Indian male with a new <i>de novo</i> mutation in <i>TRPV3</i>
Authors: M.K. Agarwala, R. George, R. Pramanik, J.A. McGrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Olmsted syndrome in an Indian male with a new de novo mutation in TRPV3 Get access M.K. Agarwala, M.K. Agarwala Department of Dermatology Christian Medical College Vellore Tamil Nadu India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. George, R. George Department of Dermatology Christian Medical College Vellore Tamil Nadu India Correspondence: Renu George. E‐mail: renuegeorge@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Pramanik, R. Pramanik St John's Institute of Dermatology King's College London London U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. McGrath J.A. McGrath St John's Institute of Dermatology King's College London London U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 1, 1 January 2016, Pages 209–211, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13910 Published: 01 January 2016
Association of Lower Plasma Fetuin-A Levels With Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Luis H. Eraso, Muredach P. Reilly
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

We acknowledge the comments made by Stefan et al. (1) and appreciate the opportunity to address them further while clarifying some points. The Penn Diabetes Heart Study (PDHS) is not a retrospective study but a prospective community-based cohort focusing on subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Notably, PDHS participants are recruited specifically to exclude clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) or moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the substantial burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis observed in PDHS participants (2) suggests an increased long-term cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the PDHS provides the opportunity to study subclinical peripheral atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes without the confounding and possible reverse causation associated with …
CHD1L: a novel oncogene
Authors: Wen Cheng, Yun Su, Feng Xu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed the genomic landscapes of common forms of human cancer and ~ 140 driver genes have been identified, but not all of them have been extensively investigated. CHD1L (chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene) or ALC1 (amplified in liver cancer 1) is a newly identified oncogene located at Chr1q21 and it is amplified in many solid tumors. Functional studies of CHD1L in hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumors strongly suggested that its oncogenic role in tumorigenesis is through unleashed cell proliferation, G1/S transition and inhibition of apoptosis. The underlying mechanisms of CHD1L activation may disrupt the cell death program via binding the apoptotic protein Nur77 or through activation of the AKT pathway by up-regulation of CHD1L-mediated target genes (e.g., ARHGEF9, SPOCK1 or TCTP). CHD1L is now considered to be a novel independent biomarker for progression, prognosis and survival in several solid tumors. The accumulated knowledge about its functions will provide a focus to search for targeted treatment in specific subtypes of tumors.
Beta-Blocker Therapy Induces Ventricular Resynchronization in Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Narrow QRS Complex
Authors: Yasuhiko Takemoto, Takeshi Hozumi, Kenichi Sugioka, Yasuhiro Takagi, Yoshiki Matsumura, Minoru Yoshiyama, Theodore P. Abraham, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Induction of in vitro differentiation and immunoglobulin synthesis of human leukemic B lymphocytes.
Authors: S M Fu, N Chiorazzi, H G Kunkel, J P Halper, S R Harris
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Successful induction of in vitro differentiation and immunoglobulin synthesis of the leukemic lymphocytes was carried out in two cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Few plasma cells and little specific Ig secretion were detected in the cultures of isolated leukemic B cells in either the presence or the absence of autologous T cells. Up to 30% of the leukemic B cells matured to plasma cells, and a 32-fold increase in specific Ig synthesis was observed when T cells from normal individuals were added to the cultures of these leukemic B cells. In one of the two cases, autologous T cells were able to induce greater than 50% of the leukemic B cells to differentiate further to plasma cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. This markedly accelerated in vitro differentiation was only achieved with leukemic cells from cases in which there was evidence of slight differentiation in vivo. No evidence could be obtained for excessive suppressor T cells in these patients. However, a T-cell defect in the generation of allogeneic effect helper factors was identified. This defect may be responsible for the reduced rate of leukemic maturation in vivo.
Mutant<i>GNAS</i>detected in duodenal collections of secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice indicates the presence or emergence of pancreatic cysts
Authors: Mitsuro Kanda, Spencer Knight, Mark Topazian, Sapna Syngal, James Farrell, Jeffrey Lee, Ihab Kamel, Anne Marie Lennon, Michael Borges, Angela Young, Sho Fujiwara, Junro Seike, James Eshleman, Ralph H Hruban, Marcia Irene Canto, Michael Goggins
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Pancreatic cysts are commonly detected in patients undergoing pancreatic imaging. Better approaches are needed to characterise these lesions. In this study we evaluated the utility of detecting mutant DNA in secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice. <h3>Design</h3> Secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice was collected from the duodenum of 291 subjects enrolled in Cancer of the Pancreas Screening trials at five US academic medical centres. The study population included subjects with a familial predisposition to pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatic screening, and disease controls with normal pancreata, chronic pancreatitis, sporadic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) or other neoplasms. Somatic <i>GNAS</i> mutations (reported prevalence ∼66% of IPMNs) were measured using digital high-resolution melt-curve analysis and pyrosequencing. <h3>Results</h3> <i>GNAS</i> mutations were detected in secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice samples of 50 of 78 familial and sporadic cases of IPMN(s) (64.1%), 15 of 33 (45.5%) with only diminutive cysts (&lt;5 mm), but none of 57 disease controls. <i>GNAS</i> mutations were also detected in five of 123 screened subjects without a pancreatic cyst. Among 97 subjects who had serial pancreatic evaluations, <i>GNAS</i> mutations detected in baseline juice samples predicted subsequent emergence or increasing size of pancreatic cysts. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Duodenal collections of secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice from patients with IPMNs have a similar prevalence of mutant <i>GNAS</i> to primary IPMNs, indicating that these samples are an excellent source of mutant DNA from the pancreas. The detection of <i>GNAS</i> mutations before an IPMN is visible suggests that analysis of pancreatic juice has the potential to help in the risk stratification and surveillance of patients undergoing pancreatic screening.
Osteomyelitis of the ribs in Ibadan.
Authors: O Osinowo, O A Adebo, A O Okubanjo
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Sixteen patients with pyogenic osteomyelitis of the ribs are reported; ages ranged from 3 months to 42 years and 10 were female. Right sided ribs were affected in 10 cases and single ribs in 12. Antecedent causes included empyema thoracis (56%) and blunt chest trauma (19%). Fourteen out of 16 patients presented with discharging chest wall sinuses and five patients had associated swellings on the chest wall. The duration of symptoms ranged from two to 36 months. The most common microorganism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (50%). Rib excision (with drainage of the empyema in two cases) was curative in all 16 cases in this study.
Visually scoring hirsutism
Authors: Bulent O. Yildiz, Sheila Bolour, Keslie Woods, April Moore, Ricardo Azziz
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2009)

Hirsutism is the presence of excess body or facial terminal (coarse) hair growth in females in a male-like pattern, affects 5–15% of women, and is an important sign of underlying androgen excess. Different methods are available for the assessment of hair growth in women. We conducted a literature search and analyzed the published studies that reported methods for the assessment of hair growth. We review the basic physiology of hair growth, the development of methods for visually quantifying hair growth, the comparison of these methods with objective measurements of hair growth, how hirsutism may be defined using a visual scoring method, the influence of race and ethnicity on hirsutism, and the impact of hirsutism in diagnosing androgen excess and polycystic ovary syndrome. Objective methods for the assessment of hair growth including photographic evaluations and microscopic measurements are available but these techniques have limitations for clinical use, including a significant degree of complexity and a high cost. Alternatively, methods for visually scoring or quantifying the amount of terminal body and facial hair growth have been in use since the early 1920s; these methods are semi-quantitative at best and subject to significant inter-observer variability. The most common visual method of scoring the extent of body and facial terminal hair growth in use today is based on a modification of the method originally described by Ferriman and Gallwey in 1961 (i.e. the mFG method). Overall, the mFG scoring method is a useful visual instrument for assessing excess terminal hair growth, and the presence of hirsutism, in women.
Granulomatous hepatitis caused by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection after BCG bladder instillation.
Authors: F W Leebeek, R J Ouwendijk, A H Kolk, A Dees, J C Meek, J E Nienhuis, A M Dingemans-Dumas
Journal: Gut (1996)

Bladder instillations with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) are commonly used as immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma. Sometimes patients experience serious systemic side effects, such as sepsis or pneumonitis. Granulomatous hepatitis is a rare serious side effect, which has been considered a hypersensitivity reaction to BCG.The first case of granulomatous hepatitis after BCG bladder instillation in which mycobacteria were identified by staining techniques and mycobacterial DNA was detected in liver tissue using the polymerase chain reaction is reported.The granulomatous hepatitis was caused by BCG infection of the liver after haematogenous dissemination of BCG, rather than hypersensitivity.
The soluble Decoy Receptor 3 is regulated by a PI3K-dependent mechanism and promotes migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Daniel Weissinger, Katrin E Tagscherer, Stephan Macher-Göppinger, Axel Haferkamp, Nina Wagener, Wilfried Roth
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Abstract Background Overexpression of Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a common event in several types of cancer. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), DcR3 overexpression is associated with lymph node and distant metastasis as well as a poor prognosis. However, the functional role and regulation of DcR3 expression in RCC is so far unknown. Methods Modulation of DcR3 expression by siRNA and ectopic gene expression, respectively, was performed in ACHN and 769-P RCC cell lines. Functional effects of a modulated DcR3 expression were analyzed with regard to migration, invasion, adhesion, clonogenicity, and proliferation. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of downstream mediators of DcR3. In further experiments, luciferase assays, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were applied to study the regulation of DcR3 expression in RCC. Additionally, an ex vivo tissue slice culture technique combined with immunohistochemistry was used to study the regulation of DcR3 expression in human RCC specimens. Results Here, we show that DcR3 promotes adhesion, migration and invasiveness of RCC cells. The DcR3-dependent increase in cellular invasiveness is accompanied with an up-regulation of integrin alpha 4, matrixmetalloproteinase 7 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). Further, we identified a signaling pathway regulating DcR3 expression in RCC. Using in vitro experiments as well as an ex vivo RCC tissue slice culture model, we demonstrate that expression of DcR3 is regulated in a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner involving the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). Conclusions Taken together, our results identify DcR3 as a key driver of tumor cell dissemination and suggest DcR3 as a promising target for rational therapy of RCC.