tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Cortical Imaging With I-131 NP-59 SPECT-CT
Authors: Ka Kit Wong, Maria Komissarova, Anca M. Avram, Lorraine M. Fig, Milton D. Gross
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present our initial experience with hypersecretory adrenal syndromes investigated with radioiodinated I-6-B-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) and SPECT-CT. Materials and Methods: Illustrative cases are presented of patients being investigated for adrenal hypersecretory syndromes, with or without adrenal nodules, using NP-59 scintigraphy with SPECT-CT imaging, representing a spectrum of diagnoses. Clinical and imaging data are reviewed to evaluate whether additional information derived from near-simultaneous anatomic localization aids study interpretation. Results: The final diagnoses reached are hyperfunctional and nonfunctioning adrenal nodules, physiological bowel activity, and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. SPECT-CT assisted study interpretation by localizing focal uptake to the adrenal glands, allowing direct assessment of function within adrenal nodules, and distinguishing physiological bowel activity from adrenal uptake. SPECT-CT provided additional information to planar and SPECT imaging, which improved confidence of study interpretation. Conclusion: Utilization of SPECT-CT with NP-59 scintigraphy allows precise localization of the functional activity to anatomic structures improving diagnostic interpretation.
Persistent Dysplasia within Long-Segment Barrett’s Esophagus in a Patient with Gardner’s Syndrome
Authors: M. Vieth, M. Stolte
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

We read with great interest the case reported as an “Images in Focus” paper by Dr Wolfsen [1]. In 1995 we made a similar diagnosis in a 32-year-old woman with known Gardner’s syndrome and persistent low-grade dysplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) within long-segment Barrett’s esophagus. The patient refused any further treatment despite follow-up with biopsy. Since 1995, the lesion has been documented 16 times by endoscopic follow-up with biopsy.
Diet and Nutrition
Authors: Gail Rampersaud
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lentiviral Vectors for Sustained Transgene Expression in Human Bone Marrow–Derived Stromal Cells
Authors: Xian-Yang Zhang, Vincent F. La Russa, Lili Bao, Jay Kolls, Paul Schwarzenberger, Jakob Reiser
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted attention as potential platforms for the systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins in vivo following gene transfer using oncogenic retroviruses. However, the major limitations of this strategy include low levels of gene transfer and a general lack of long-term transgene expression. We have investigated the expression of several transgenes in MSCs following HIV-1 lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer. Vectors containing a variety of strong promoters driving enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and coral (Discosoma sp.)-derived red fluorescent protein (DsRed) reporter genes pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus-G (VSV-G) glycoprotein were able to transduce cultured MSCs with high efficiency. Transduction efficiencies and transgene expression levels in MSCs were found to be higher with lentiviral vectors than with a vector based on the murine stem cell virus pseudotyped with VSV-G. Transgene expression was maintained in culture for at least 5 months. HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors were able to transduce clonogenic mesenchymal progenitor cells, which were capable of maintaining transgene expression by their MSC progeny, over several cell divisions and during differentiation into adipocytes, indicating that terminal adipocyte cell differentiation was unaffected by lentivirus-mediated reporter gene transfer. Collectively these results suggest that lentivirus-mediated gene transfer strategies provide an efficient tool for ex vivo modification of MSCs that does not interfere with differentiation.
Pulmonary coagulopathy: a potential therapeutic target in different forms of lung injury
Authors: M. J Schultz, M. Levi
Journal: Thorax (2007)

The role and source of tissue factor A large body of evidence has shown that systemic coagulopathy is a key event in severe systemic inflammation, such as that which occurs in sepsis. 1 Systemic coagulopathy is the net result of activation of coagulation and defective systems of natural inhibition of coagulation, on the one hand, and attenuation of fibrinolysis on the other.Activation of coagulation is primarily driven by the extrinsic coagulation pathway which starts with expression of tissue factor (TF) on mononuclear cells and endothelial cells.TF then binds and activates factor VII which activates downstream coagulation cascades. 2 3Mechanisms that regulate the coagulation pathway under normal conditions involve natural inhibitors of coagulation, including activated protein C (APC), antithrombin (AT) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI).In general, they all interfere with the TFfactor VIIa-induced activation of coagulation, but on different levels.In patients with sepsis, increased coagulant activity is not sufficiently counterbalanced by these natural inhibitors.In addition, a rapid sustained increase in synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is present during the septic response.PAI-1 is the main inhibitor of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tPA and uPA) which activate the fibrinolytic system.The importance of systemic coagulopathy with sepsis has been established in experimental studies and in the randomised, prospective, doubleblind, placebo-controlled PROWESS trial in which infusion of recombinant human (rh)-APC resulted in improved survival of patients with severe sepsis. 4
Detecting and targeting tumor relapse by its resistance to innate effectors at early recurrence
Authors: Timothy Kottke, Nicolas Boisgerault, Rosa Maria Diaz, Oliver Donnelly, Diana Rommelfanger-Konkol, Jose Pulido, Jill Thompson, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, Roger Kaspar, Matt Coffey, Hardev Pandha, Alan Melcher, Kevin Harrington, Peter Selby, Richard Vile
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Progressive Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Motor Impairment
Authors: Mahtab Ghadiri, Michael E. Buckland, Ian J. Sutton, Suad Al Jahdhami, Simon Flanagan, Robert Heard, Yael Barnett, Jeffrey Brennan, Michael H. Barnett
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

A 42-year-old white man presented with cognitive impairment and behavioral changes followed by rapidly progressive motor and gait impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed striking multifocal white matter signal change, areas of restricted diffusion, diffuse callosal signal change, and atrophy and hyperintensity of the corticospinal tracts. A broad range of etiologies warrant consideration in this case, including degenerative, vascular, inflammatory, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases.
Elevated interleukin‐18 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: S. Katoh, N. Matsumoto, K. Matsumoto, K. Fukushima, S. Matsukura
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Interleukin (IL)-18 can induce Th2 cytokine production particularly in collaboration with IL-2. Accumulation of Th2 cells and increased levels of Th2 cytokines are found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with eosinophilic pneumonia (EP). To evaluate the role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of EP, we measured the concentration of IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, and Th2 cytokines in BALF from patients with EP.The concentrations of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-18 in BALF were measured in patients with idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP), with idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), with sarcoidosis and healthy volunteers (HV).The BALF concentrations of Th2 cytokines, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, were higher in patients with EP than in sarcoidosis and control. The IL-2 level in BALF was higher in EP than in sarcoidosis and control. The IL-18 and IL-12 (p40 + p70) levels were higher in patients with EP than sarcoidosis, while the level of IL-12 (p70) was below the detection limit in patients with EP. There was a significant correlation between IL-2 level and both IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF of patients with EP.Our findings suggest that IL-18 may contribute to Th2 cytokine-dominant responses in patients with EP in collaboration with IL-2.
AUTHORITARIAN PARENTS AND DISTURBED CHILDREN
Authors: PAUL L. ADAMS, JOHN J. SCHWAB, JOSEPH F. APONTE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

Students of authoritarianism often hold axiomatically that interaction within the nuclear family is the source and context for children's personal development. They assume, 1. That "fascist-conservative" parents yield children with psychopathology, and 2. That parents who are "unable to take on the role of the child in imagination" also yield children with psychopathology. Both those parents who are "fascist-conservative" and the parents who are deficient in "child-role-taking" are regarded as authoritarian parents. Thus, the researchers give to "authoritarianism" two distinct referents. This report was based upon a study designed to test quantitatively the relevance of parental authoritarianism to children's psychopathology. Choosing a random group of 17 emotionally disturbed children whose parents cooperated, we studied their parents' authoritarianism by means of standard tests and questionnaires, demographic analysis, and focused interviews. Hypotheses concerning the relation of parental authoritarianism and the reference child's illness were tested in both the experimental group and in a matched control group of parents of seventeen normal children. Careful matching was effected for age, ordinal position and sex of child; and for education, residence, economic level and ethnic background of parents. High-authoritarian and low-authoritarian parents in both experimental and control groups were examined with respect to their demographic characteristics and their role-playing as parents, spouses, and as self-perceiving individuals. The parents' ability to take the child's role was regarded as an aspect of parental role-playing. For the 68 parents dealt with, when authoritarianism is seen as inability to take on the child's role, the parents of disturbed children differ significantly (P < .01) from the parents of normal children. On the other hand, when authoritarianism is seen as fascism-conservatism, contrary to expectations, the parents of disturbed children are not significantly differentiated from the parents of normal controls. Hence, our predictions about the effect of parents' political beliefs were invalidated, but our predictions about the effect of parents' role-taking were substantiated. From theory laid on evidence, it can be assumed that the value systems of parents operate as a cultural parameter of their children's mental health and illness, but the task ahead is to understand what values relate closest to children's emotional illness.
Abatement of cockroach allergen (bla g 1) in low-income, urban housing: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Samuel J. Arbes, Michelle Sever, Janet Archer, Elizabeth H. Long, J.Chad Gore, Coby Schal, Michelle Walter, Betsy Nuebler, Ben Vaughn, Herman Mitchell, Eric Liu, Nicholas Collette, Peter Adler, Megan Sandel, Darryl C. Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Cytolytic granule polarization and degranulation controlled by different receptors in resting NK cells
Authors: Yenan T. Bryceson, Michael E. March, Domingo F. Barber, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Eric O. Long
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The relative contribution to cytotoxicity of each of the multiple NK cell activation receptors has been difficult to assess. Using Drosophila insect cells, which express ligands of human NK cell receptors, we show that target cell lysis by resting NK cells is controlled by different receptor signals for cytolytic granule polarization and degranulation. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 on insect cells was sufficient to induce polarization of granules, but not degranulation, in resting NK cells. Conversely, engagement of the Fc receptor CD16 by rabbit IgG on insect cells induced degranulation without specific polarization. Lysis by resting NK cells occurred when polarization and degranulation were induced by the combined presence of ICAM-1 and IgG on insect cells. Engagement of receptor 2B4 by CD48 on insect cells induced weak polarization and no degranulation. However, coengagement of 2B4 and CD16 by their respective ligands resulted in granule polarization and cytotoxicity in the absence of leukocyte functional antigen-1-mediated adhesion to target cells. These data show that cytotoxicity by resting NK cells is controlled tightly by separate or cooperative signals from different receptors for granule polarization and degranulation.
Building Healthy Communities Through Medical-Religious Partnerships
Authors: Pat Fosarelli
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Euthanasia: from ethical debate to clinical reality
Authors: Thierry Berghmans, Dominique Lossignol
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

While it may only be the third-leading neoplasm worldwide, lung cancer is the first cause of death by cancer in males and one of the first in females in industrialised countries. Overall, cure rate is only 10–15% and the majority of patients, most of whom are diagnosed at an advanced stage and will ultimately die from lung cancer progression or related complications. During the last few decades, palliative care has become a central element of the therapeutic approach to terminally ill cancer patients. Palliative care aims to improve quality of life and control symptoms but has no role in hastening death, although palliative care specialists can be involved in the end-of-life decision process when euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide are considered. The opinions of the cancer patient and their family, the treating physician, or both regarding their preferences in end-of-life decisions have been assessed in general studies not including a specific cancer type. Outside of religious or sociocultural particularities, suffering from pain or fatigue is a prominent factor associated with euthanasia requests and practice in cancer patients [1, 2].

Requests for euthanasia or assisted suicide are reported with higher frequency in poor-prognosis cancers, such as lung, pancreas, stomach, oesophagus, lip–mouth–throat or melanomas, in comparison with those having better life expectancy, such as as prostate or haematological tumours [3]. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Pardon et al. [4] report the first study specifically dealing with euthanasia requests and practice in lung cancer patients. This prospective study was based on questionnaires sent to pulmonologists, oncologists and general practitioners immediately after the death of their patient. Among 115 deaths occurring during an 18-month period, 105 questionnaires were returned by the physicians, replies from specialists (91%) being more common than from general practitioners …
Comparison of effects of aspirin and indomethacin on human platelet prostaglandin synthetase.
Authors: D Crook, A.J Collins
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Human platelets were incubated in vitro with either aspirin or indomethacin and the prostaglandin synthetase activity of the resultant microsomal fraction from each incubation measured using a radiometric technique. Whereas aspirin produced a dose-related inhibition of the enzyme, indomethacin produced little or no inhibition over the same concentration range (10(-6) mol/l--10(-3) mol/l). Furthermore, administration of aspirin (600 mg) to volunteers produced a highly significant, prolonged inhibition of platelet microsomal prostaglandin synthetase whereas no inhibition was found with indomethacin (50 mg). As indomethacin is considerably more potent than aspirin as an inhibitor of human platelet prostaglandin synthetase in vitro, the results suggest a fundamental difference in the nature of the inhibition produced by each drug, aspirin being an essentially irreversible inhibitor whereas the inhibition produced by indomethacin is reversible. Studies with [3H-acetyl] aspirin have confirmed previous findings (Roth and Majerus, 1975) that aspirin produces an irreversible acetylation of a particulate fraction protein from human platelets.
The White Coat
Authors: Joel Samuelson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The practice of medicine has changed so much since I opened my door that I wonder what my role is as a practitioner. During my early career, there was no state and federal mechanism to compensate for the dispensing of medical services. The provision of medical care to the indigent was the collective responsibility of the medical community and was dispensed through free clinics that we manned on a rotational basis without charge. Most of the hospitals were publicly owned; annual charity functions provided sufficient funds to pay for in-hospital care. The system worked and worked well. Most important, we were DOCTORS, not health care providers. Our profession was respected, our colleagues assisted without hesitation, and most of us enjoyed our work. The income derived from services rendered was secondary; the service provided was primary. Fees were adjusted by the ability to pay and by the difficulty of the procedure.
Abstract 3498: The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of etoposide and other phenolic and non-phenolic agents in human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells: role of myeloperoxidase (MPO)
Authors: Jack C. Yalowich, Marisa Hornbaker, Andrew J. Bodnar, ShunQian Jin, Yuxun Zhang, Billy W. Day, James R. Fuchs, Pui-Kai Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The clinical efficacy of the anticancer agent etoposide (VP-16) is compromised by its ability to cause acute myeloid leukemias (t-AML) associated with MLL gene rearrangements. We proposed previously that myeloperoxidase (MPO) found in myeloid precursors converts the phenolic drug VP-16 to its phenoxyl radical (VP-16-O[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8729;]]), which redox cycles, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species, oxidative DNA damage linked to DNA topoisomerase II (topo II)-mediated strand cleavage, and resultant recombination events causal for t-AML. After knockdown with an shRNA for MPO in myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells, MPO activity was reduced to 13% of shRNA controls. In these MPO knockdown cells, VP-16-O[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8729;]] formation and VP-16-induced topo II/DNA covalent complexes were reduced compared to shRNA controls demonstrating that VP-16 activity was, in part, dependent on MPO. MPO can also oxidize VP-16 to its ortho-quinone metabolite which is subsequently inactivated by conjugation with glutathione. The cytotoxicities of VP-16, curcumin (a phenolic agent), and a curcumin analog (FLLL-10) were increased in MPO knockdown cells compared to shRNA controls. Podophyllotoxin, the non-phenolic VP-16 parental compound, was equally cytotoxic in MPO knockdown and control cells. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide, an MPO co-substrate, was unaffected by MPO levels. Results indicate that MPO converts VP-16 to a pro-oxidant, which leads to genotoxicity, while simultaneously protecting cells from drug-induced cytotoxicity likely by glutathione conjugation to VP-16 ortho-quinone. The combined results suggest a mechanism by which MPO-containing myeloid progenitor cells can be relatively protected against VP-16-induced apoptosis/cytotoxicity while suffering increased genotoxic and recombinogenic insults responsible for leukemogenesis. Support: NIH CA090787. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3498.
An author spurned
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Almost everyone who has written for publication has received letters of rejection; and I think it a fair surmise that almost everyone reacts, at least in the first instance, by supposing that the fault lies not with what they have written but with the blindness and folly of the publisher.

This was certainly the reaction of H Charlton Bastian (1837-1915)—emeritus professor of the principles and practice of medicine at University College London and physician to the National Hospital in Queen Square—to the refusal of the Royal Society (of which he was a fellow) to publish his researches into the spontaneous generation of bacteria.

In the foreword to his book The Origin of Life: Being an Account of Experiments with Certain …
Drug repositioning for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Anne Corbett, James Pickett, Alistair Burns, Jonathan Corcoran, Stephen B. Dunnett, Paul Edison, Jim J. Hagan, Clive Holmes, Emma Jones, Cornelius Katona, Ian Kearns, Patrick Kehoe, Amrit Mudher, Anthony Passmore, Nicola Shepherd, Frank Walsh, Clive Ballard
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2012)