tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Adults Aged 30–49 Years
Authors: Graziella Bruno, Cristina Runzo, Paolo Cavallo-Perin, Franco Merletti, Marina Rivetti, Silvia Pinach, Giulia Novelli, Mariella Trovati, Franco Cerutti, Gianfranco Pagano
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Incidence of type 1 diabetes is considered to be low in adults, but no study has been performed in Mediterranean countries. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We extended the study base of the registry of the province of Turin, Italy, to subjects aged 30–49 years in the period 1999–2001 to estimate the incidences of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was based on permanent insulin treatment or a fasting C-peptide level ≤0.20 nmol/l or islet cell (ICA) or GAD (GADA) antibody positivities. RESULTS—We identified 1,135 case subjects with high completeness of ascertainment (99%), giving an incidence rate of 58.0 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 54.7–61.5). The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 7.3 per 100,000 person-years (6.2–8.6), comparable with the rates in subjects aged 0–14 and 15–29 years (10.3 [9.5–11.2] and 6.8 [6.3–7.4]). Male subjects had a higher risk than female subjects for both type 1 (rate ratio [RR] 1.70 [95% CI 1.21–2.38]) and type 2 (2.10 [1.84–2.40]) diabetes. ICA and/or GADA positivities were found in 16% of the cohort. In logistic regression, variables independently associated with autoimmune diabetes were age 30–39 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.39 [95% CI 1.40–4.07]), fasting C-peptide &amp;lt;0.60 nmol/l (3.09 [1.74–5.5]), and BMI &amp;lt;26 kg/m2 (2.17 [1.22–3.85]). CONCLUSIONS—Risk of type 1 diabetes between age 30 and 49 years is similar to that found in the same area between age 15 and 29 years. Further studies are required to allow geographical comparisons of risks of both childhood and adulthood autoimmune diabetes, the latter being probably higher than previously believed.
Low-dose rituximab is effective in pemphigus
Authors: B. Horváth, J. Huizinga, H.H. Pas, A.B. Mulder, M.F. Jonkman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Background Rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, was shown in open series studies to be effective in treating pemphigus at a dose of 4 × 375 mg m−2 as approved for B-cell malignancies. Objectives We investigated whether a lower dose of rituximab is also effective for pemphigus. Methods Patients with pemphigus were treated with a single course of two infusions of rituximab (500 mg each) at an interval of 2 weeks. Clinical consensus late end points, B-cell number, desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 indices were monitored. Results We enrolled 15 patients in the study: three with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and 12 with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). The follow-up was 32–152 weeks (median 94). All 15 patients responded to therapy. Eight patients achieved complete remission in a median period of 51 weeks (four on minimal therapy, four off therapy). Seven patients achieved partial remission in a median period of 34·5 weeks (five on minimal therapy, two off therapy). Relapses (40%) were seen between 53 and 103 weeks (median 97) after start of therapy. B-cell numbers dropped to < 1% after first infusion, and remained undetectable in patients with sustained remission. The antidesmoglein 1 index correlated well with the clinical severity in PF, but this was less obvious in PV. Conclusions A low dose of rituximab is an effective and safe treatment for pemphigus. Relapses may occur, mostly at the end of the second year. Cost–effectiveness studies with a long follow-up are required to determine the proper dosage of this expensive drug in pemphigus.
<i>Malassezia</i> yeast density in HIV-positive individuals
Authors: M. Pechere, J.-H. Saurat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Malassezia yeast density in HIV‐positive individuals Get access M. Pechere, M. Pechere DcparUnent of Dermalology. Genava University Hospitals, 1211 Genava 14. Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐H. Saurat J.‐H. Saurat DcparUnent of Dermalology. Genava University Hospitals, 1211 Genava 14. Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 1, 1 January 1997, Pages 138–139, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb08770.x Published: 01 January 1997
Autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib is associated with a heterozygous microdeletion that likely disrupts a putative imprinting control element of GNAS
Authors: Murat Bastepe, Leopold F. Fröhlich, Geoffrey N. Hendy, Olafur S. Indridason, Robert G. Josse, Hiroyuki Koshiyama, Jarmo Körkkö, Jon M. Nakamoto, Arlan L. Rosenbloom, Arnold H. Slyper, Toshitsugu Sugimoto, Agathocles Tsatsoulis, John D. Crawford, Harald Jüppner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib) have hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to renal parathyroid hormone (PTH) resistance, but lack physical features of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. PHP-Ib is thus distinct from PHP-Ia, which is caused by mutations in the GNAS exons encoding the G protein α subunit. However, an imprinted autosomal dominant form of PHP-Ib (AD-PHP-Ib) has been mapped to a region of chromosome 20q13.3 containing GNAS. Furthermore, loss of methylation at a differentially methylated region (DMR) of this locus, exon A/B, has been observed thus far in all investigated sporadic PHP-Ib cases and the affected members of multiple AD-PHP-Ib kindreds. We now report that affected members and obligate gene carriers of 12 unrelated AD-PHP-Ib kindreds and four apparently sporadic PHP-Ib patients, but not healthy controls, have a heterozygous approximately 3-kb microdeletion located approximately 220 kb centromeric of GNAS exon A/B. The deleted region, which is flanked by two direct repeats, includes three exons of STX16, the gene encoding syntaxin-16, for which no evidence of imprinting could be found. Affected individuals carrying the microdeletion show loss of exon A/B methylation but no epigenetic abnormalities at other GNAS DMRs. We therefore postulate that this microdeletion disrupts a putative cis-acting element required for methylation at exon A/B, and that this genetic defect underlies the renal PTH resistance in AD-PHP-Ib.
Cerebellar Development and Clinical Outcome in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Susan Mackie, Philip Shaw, Rhoshel Lenroot, Ron Pierson, Deanna K. Greenstein, Tom F. Nugent, Wendy S. Sharp, Jay N. Giedd, Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have detected smaller cerebellar volumes in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than in comparison subjects. However, the regional specificity and longitudinal progression of these differences remain to be determined. The authors compared the volumes of each lobe of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis in children with ADHD and comparison subjects and used a new regional cerebellar volume measurement to characterize the developmental trajectory of these differences. Method: In a longitudinal case-control study, 36 children with ADHD were divided into a group of 18 with better outcomes and a group of 18 with worse outcomes and were compared with 36 matched healthy comparison subjects. The volumes of six cerebellar hemispheric lobes, the central white matter, and three vermal subdivisions were determined from MR images acquired at baseline and two or more follow-up scans conducted at 2-year intervals. A measure of global clinical outcome and DSM-IV criteria were used to define clinical outcome. Results: In the ADHD groups, a nonprogressive loss of volume was observed in the superior cerebellar vermis; the volume loss persisted regardless of clinical outcome. ADHD subjects with a worse clinical outcome exhibited a downward trajectory in volumes of the right and left inferior-posterior cerebellar lobes, which became progressively smaller during adolescence relative to both comparison subjects and ADHD subjects with a better outcome. Conclusions: Decreased volume of the superior cerebellar vermis appears to represent an important substrate of the fixed, nonprogressive anatomical changes that underlie ADHD. The cerebellar hemispheres constitute a more plastic, state-specific marker that may prove to be a target for clinical intervention.
A role for P-selectin in neutrophil and platelet infiltration in immune complex glomerulonephritis.
Authors: C R Zachem, C E Alpers, W Way, S J Shankland, W G Couser, R J Johnson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

P-selectin is one of the key early mediators of leukocyte adhesion in inflammatory conditions. This report examines the role of P-selectin in a neutrophil- and platelet-mediated model of glomerulonephritis (the concanavalin A [con A] model). The administration of neutralizing anti-P-selectin antibody (PB 1.3) reduced the platelet influx at 10 min (P < 0.05) and was associated with a 60% reduction in the neutrophil infiltrate and a 50% reduction in the number of oxidant-producing cells at 3 h within glomeruli. No effect on glomerular monocyte-macrophage accumulation was observed, and proteinuria was reduced by 20% but did not reach significance. It is concluded that P-selectin plays an important role in mediating the neutrophil and platelet accumulation in this model and likely has a role in mediating the glomerular injury.
Accuracy of Doppler Echocardiography in the Hemodynamic Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Micah R. Fisher, Paul R. Forfia, Elzbieta Chamera, Traci Housten-Harris, Hunter C. Champion, Reda E. Girgis, Mary C. Corretti, Paul M. Hassoun
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography is recommended for screening for the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, some recent studies have suggested that Doppler echocardiographic pulmonary artery pressure estimates may frequently be inaccurate.
Antibiotics in the treatment of biliary infection.
Authors: J S Dooley, J M Hamilton-Miller, W Brumfitt, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1984)

Progress reportAntibiotics in the treatment of biliary infection Bile is difficult to obtain for culture in man.Because of this, antibiotic treatment of biliary infection is often directed towards biliary organisms which are suspected, rather than proven.To complicate effective treatment further, infection may be asymptomatic, presenting with septic complications following a surgical or radiological procedure.Despite knowledge of the pattern of infection in biliary disease, the microorganisms involved, and the spectrum and pharmacokinetics of potentially effective antibiotics, bacteria are often difficult to eradicate from the bile and biliary surgery has a high incidence of septic complications.There have been few reviews of this subject, particularly incorporating recent data, and a reassessment is necessary.This paper describes the clinical and bacteriological aspects of biliary infection, and the excretion and efficacy of specific antibiotics in bile.Based on the information available a therapeutic strategy is proposed. Biliary infection DEFINITIONIdeally biliary tract infection should be defined by the organism count in bile.Keighley et al' reported finding at least 105 organisms per ml in over 90% of positive peroperative bile cultures, and this count could be taken as diagnostic.Such a definition is, however, impracticable because bile is difficult to collect.Although biliary sepsis is diagnosed clinically when there are systemic signs of infection combined with features of biliary tract disease, organisms may be cultured from bile in the absence of symptoms.Thus the ideal definition of biliary infection should be based on the number of organisms isolated from bile, but in practice this is rarely possible. CLINICAL ASPECTSOrganisms may be cultured from gall bladder and common bile duct bile, or from liver biopsy tissue in normal patients.2Although these organisms may represent the normal hepatobiliary flora, some may be caused by contamination of the specimen during collection.3Gall bladder bile from patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis yields organisms in 30-50% of patients.4Positive culture is more frequent in acute rather than chronic disease and in those with an obstructed as opposed to patent cystic duct.5The incidence of positive culture from bile duct bile is greatest (75-100%) when obstruction is caused by a calculus or stenosis of a surgical anastomosis.6 7In patients with bile duct obstruction owing to carcinoma of the pancreas or bile duct, without previous surgery, the incidence of positive culture is lower, in most reports below 10%.
Determinants of expiratory airflow in patients with chronic airways obstruction
Authors: A. H. Campbell, L. W. Faulks
Journal: Thorax (1973)

This paper examines the relationship between the intrathoracic and bronchial pressures and the flow time course during forceful expiration in patients with severe chronic airways obstruction and tracheobronchial collapse. After an initial peak flow, the flow rate (V) of forceful expirations usually fitted the patient9s maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve. The great reduction in flow after the peak corresponded to a large reduction of the thoracic gas volume (TGV) due to the high intrathoracic pressures compressing the lungs. An occasional slight rise in flow in the middle of the slow phase corresponded to an increase of the TGV due to reduction of the intrathoracic pressure. The early peak flow was found to exceed considerably the ˙V expected from the MEFV curve. Pressure measurements in the right lower lobe bronchus suggest that this could be due to at least two factors: first, a rapid reduction in bronchial volume and, secondly, a short time lag before flow limitation develops, allowing initial rapid transit of air. During a forced expiration, flow limitation was initiated when the equal pressure points were sufficiently upstream to allow compression of small as well as large airways. The evidence suggested that tracheobronchial collapse followed the initiation of flow limitation and was unlikely to have had more than a slight subsidiary effect on the maximum flow. Due to greater compression, the TGV and hence the flow rate were smaller during a forceful expiration than during a less forceful expiration.
Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctanesulfonate Plasma Levels and Risk of Cancer in the General Danish Population
Authors: K. T. Eriksen, M. Sorensen, J. K. McLaughlin, L. Lipworth, A. Tjonneland, K. Overvad, O. Raaschou-Nielsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate are used in many industrial products and have been widely detected in human blood. Both chemicals are associated with tumor development in animal studies, but data on carcinogenic potential in humans are sparse. We investigated the association between plasma levels of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate and cancer risk within a prospective Danish cohort of participants with no previous cancer diagnosis at enrollment. From enrollment, between December 1, 1993, and May 31, 1997, and through July 1, 2006, we identified 713 participants with prostate cancer, 332 with bladder cancer, 128 with pancreatic cancer, and 67 with liver cancer in the entire cohort and we selected a comparison subcohort of 772. Plasma concentrations of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate were measured in each participant by use of high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We found no clear differences in incidence rate ratios for these cancers in relation to plasma concentrations of perfluorooctanoate or perfluorooctanesulfonate. A 30%–40% increase in risk estimates for prostate cancer was observed for the three upper quartiles of perfluorooctanesulfonate concentration compared with the lowest quartile (eg, for the lowest vs the fourth quartile, incidence rate ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval = 0.99 to 1.93). Plasma concentrations of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate in the general Danish population appear not to be associated with risk of prostate, bladder, pancreatic, or liver cancer.
Supradose Intra-Arterial Cisplatin and Concurrent Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Stage IV Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Feasible and Efficacious in a Multi-Institutional Setting: Results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 9615
Authors: K. Thomas Robbins, Parvesh Kumar, Jonathan Harris, Timothy McCulloch, Anthony Cmelak, Robert Sofferman, Paul Levine, Robert Weisman, William Wilson, Ernest Weymuller, Karen Fu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To determine the feasibility of high-dose intra-arterial (IA) cisplatin and concurrent radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the multi-institutional setting (Multi-RADPLAT).Eligibility included T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx. Patients received cisplatin (150 mg/m(2) IA with sodium thiosulfate 9 g/m(2) intravenous [IV], followed by 12 g/m(2) IV over 6 hours, weekly for 4 weeks) and concurrent RT (70 Gy, 2.0 Gy/fraction, daily for 5 days over 7 weeks). Between May 1997 and December 1999, 67 patients from three experienced and eight inexperienced centers were enrolled, of whom 61 were eligible for analysis.Multi-RADPLAT was feasible (ie, three or four infusions of IA cisplatin and full dose of RT) in 53 patients (87%). The complete response (CR) rate was 85% at the primary site and 88% at nodal regions, and the overall CR rate was 80%. At a median follow-up of 3.9 years for alive patients (range, 0.9 to 6.1 years), the estimated 1-year and 2-year locoregional tumor control rates are 66% and 57%, respectively. The estimated 1-year and 2-year survival rates are 72% and 63%, respectively. The estimated 1-year and 2-year disease-free survival rates are 62% and 46%, respectively. The rates of grade 4 and 5 toxicities at the experienced and the inexperienced institutions were 14% and 0% v 47% and 4%, respectively.This intensive treatment regimen for head and neck cancer is feasible and effective in a multi-institutional setting.
Reactive oxygen species in acute lung injury
Authors: F Chabot, JA Mitchell, JM Gutteridge, TW Evans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults is associated with a wide variety of precipitating factors, often not directly involving the lung, and has an associated mortality of 50-80%. ARDS is almost invariably associated with sepsis, either as an initiating factor or as a secondary complication, which increases the expression of a number of cytokines impacting upon several cellular systems. Specifically, activation of neutrophils sequestered in the pulmonary circulation by this process, causes the release of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasingly regarded as key substances modulating the endothelial dysfunction and disruption responsible for the principal clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Here we discuss briefly the pathophysiology of ARDS and its impact upon pulmonary vascular control; the biological origins of free radicals and other ROS involved, the mechanisms of their damaging effects, their contribution to the modification of pulmonary vascular control mechanisms in lung injury and possible therapeutic perspectives.
Homocysteine and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Laima Brazionis, Kevin Rowley, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Colin Alexander Harper, Kerin O’Dea
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Homocysteine is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular and nondiabetic ocular vaso-occlusive diseases. However, studies of the relationship between homocysteine and diabetic retinopathy have reported inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma total homocysteine concentration and diabetic retinopathy.We assessed the homocysteine-retinopathy relationship in 168 men and women with type 2 diabetes in a community-based, cross-sectional study. We photodocumented diabetic retinopathy status and measured plasma total homocysteine concentration using a commercial fluorescence polarization immunoassay enzymatic kit. Data for selected clinical/demographic variables and established risk factors for diabetic retinopathy were obtained from fasting blood samples and an interviewer-assisted lifestyle questionnaire.A higher mean plasma total homocysteine concentration was observed in diabetic individuals with retinopathy than in those without retinopathy (11.5 mumol/l [95% CI 10.4-12.5] vs. 9.6 mumol/l [9.1-10.2], P = 0.001). Furthermore, the relationship between homocysteine and diabetic retinopathy was not explained by renal dysfunction and was independent of the other major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (duration of diabetes, A1C, and systolic blood pressure) and determinants of higher homocysteine concentrations (age, sex, and red cell folate) (odds ratio 1.20 [95% CI 1.023-1.41], P = 0.024).Plasma total homocysteine concentration may be a useful biomarker and/or a novel risk factor for increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes.
Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization on Morbidity and Mortality of Diabetic Patients With Severe Heart Failure
Authors: Uta C. Hoppe, Nick Freemantle, John G.F. Cleland, Monique Marijianowski, Erland Erdmann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Diabetes is a well-known and important risk factor for heart disease, including heart failure (1–4). Despite improvements in pharmacologic treatment, many patients with heart failure have severe and persistent symptoms, and their prognosis remains poor (5,6). While most recent data indicate a higher mortality rate in diabetic patients with heart failure compared with nondiabetic patients (7–9), it is unresolved whether this effect might be limited to patients with ischemic heart disease and/or patients on insulin therapy (10–13).

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces symptoms and improves left ventricular function and prognosis in many patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure due to systolic dysfunction and cardiac dyssynchrony (14–19). The pathophysiology underlying heart failure in diabetic patients differs from that in nondiabetic patients and is generally considered more progressive. Thus, direct and indirect effects of diabetes on myopathic mechanisms might influence the response of heart failure patients to CRT. We conducted an analysis of the 813 participants of the Cardiac Resynchronisation in Heart Failure (CARE-HF) trial to determine the effect of CRT on the risk of complications and death in diabetic compared with nondiabetic heart failure patients. We also tested the hypothesis that diabetes has a prognostic impact in patients with heart failure.

The CARE-HF trial (14,20–22) investigated the effects of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in patients receiving standard pharmacologic therapy …
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without diabetes in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (<scp>STICH</scp>) trial
Authors: Michael R. MacDonald, Lilin She, Torsten Doenst, Philip F. Binkley, Jean L. Rouleau, Ru‐San Tan, Kerry L. Lee, Alan B. Miller, George Sopko, Dominika Szalewska, Myron A. Waclawiw, Rafal Dabrowski, Serenella Castelvecchio, Christopher Adlbrecht, Robert E. Michler, Jae K. Oh, Eric J. Velazquez, Mark C. Petrie
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)