tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of "rheumatoid factors" in aged serum.
Authors: J J de Blecourt, F W Boerma, E O Vorenkamp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

Heimer, Levin, and Rudd (1963) found a positive latex-fixation test in 42 per cent.and a positive sensitized sheep cell test in 2 per cent. of 121 persons aged 65 to 93 years in a home for the aged in New York City.Although these "rheumatoid factors" are some- times found in non-rheumatoid sera, those found in older people seem to be the same as those found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.In a control study of fifty healthy subjects under 65 years of age they found an incidence of 4 per cent.for the latex-fixation test and 2 per cent.with the sensitized sheep cell test.Their 121 aged subjects included no cases of liver disease, syphilis, leprosy, or bacterial endocarditis, and rheumatoid arthritis was also excluded.Nearly 50 per cent. of the positive latex-fixation titres (method of Singer and Plotz, 1956) were 1: 640 or above.Heimer and others (1963) could not explain the increased incidence of rheumatoid-like serum factors among the aged, but suggested that a piling-up of auto-antibodies or a decreased production of certain serum components might be responsible, and gave a warning against reliance on serological tests in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly persons.Litwin and Singer (1965) found an incidence of 30 per cent. of anti-gamma globulin factor in the sera of ninety persons over 70 years of age irrespective of the presence or absence of chronic illness.Kissick (1961) mentioned an incidence of seropositivity rising from 4 -7 per 1,000 in the 15 to 24- year age group to 42 2 per 1,000 in those over 65.Blumberg, Block, Black, and Dotter (1961), in a survey of the healthy Eskimo population in Alaska, found an increasing number of positive Bentonite flocculation tests with age.Jacqueline, Podliachouk, and Eyquem (1965) studied 248 persons over 70 years of age and 270 persons under 70 years of age by the modified Waaler-Rose test, the latex-fixation test, and a
Prospective risk assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis C by transient elastography
Authors: Ryota Masuzaki, Ryosuke Tateishi, Haruhiko Yoshida, Eriko Goto, Takahisa Sato, Takamasa Ohki, Jun Imamura, Tadashi Goto, Fumihiko Kanai, Naoya Kato, Hitoshi Ikeda, Shuichiro Shiina, Takao Kawabe, Masao Omata
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Liver stiffness, noninvasively measured by transient elastography, correlates well with liver fibrosis stage. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development among patients with chronic hepatitis C. Between December 2004 and June 2005, a total of 984 HCV-RNA positive patients, without HCC or a past history of it, visited the University of Tokyo Hospital. LSM was performed successfully in 866 patients, who gave informed consent. During the follow-up period (mean, 3.0 years), HCC developed in 77 patients (2.9% per 1 person-year). The cumulative incidence rates of HCC at 1, 2, and 3 years were 2.4%, 6.0%, and 8.9%, respectively. Adjusting for other significant factors for HCC development, patients with higher LSM were revealed to be at a significantly higher risk, with a hazard ratio, as compared to LSM ≤10 kPa, of 16.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.71-75.2; P < 0.001) when LSM 10.1-15 kPa, 20.9 (95% CI, 4.43-98.8; P < 0.001) when LSM 15.1-20 kPa, 25.6 (95%CI, 5.21-126.1; P < 0.001) when LSM 20.1-25 kPa, and 45.5 (95% CI, 9.75-212.3; P < 0.001) when LSM >25 kPa. Conclusions: This prospective study has shown the association between LSM and the risk of HCC development in patients with hepatitis C. The utility of LSM is not limited to a surrogate for liver biopsy but can be applied as an indicator of the wide range of the risk of HCC development. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Community-onset healthcare-related urinary tract infections: Comparison with community and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections
Authors: Silvia Aguilar-Duran, Juan P. Horcajada, Luisa Sorlí, Milagro Montero, Margarita Salvadó, Santiago Grau, Julià Gómez, Hernando Knobel
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Alcoholism and the D2 dopamine receptor gene
Authors: E. P. Noble
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Gelernter et al 1 reviewed studies of the D 2 dopamine receptor locus (DRD 2 ) Al allelic association with alcoholism. They claim no association exists. In response to this assertion, we have reanalyzed the data they have presented and carefully addressed the issues pointed out by Gelernter et al and other analyses relevant to this association. We find the following:   1. In analyzing the data in Table 1 of Gelernter et al, Al frequency is 0.19 (n=307) in unscreened controls vs 0.11 (n=186) in screened (alcoholics excluded) controls. A significant difference is found between these two controls (κ2,5.17; P=.02). It is important that association studies of alcoholics use controls carefully screened for alcoholism for comparison.  2. When the data on alcoholics (severe and not severe) are compared with the screened controls presented in Table 1 by Gelernter et al, Al frequency is 0.19 (n=502) in the alcoholics
Immunoglobulin secretion by isolated intestinal lymphocytes: spontaneous production and T-cell regulation in normal small intestine and in patients with coeliac disease.
Authors: J E Crabtree, R V Heatley, M L Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1989)

The in vitro secretion of immunoglobulins by small intestinal lymphocytes isolated from 47 patients with normal histology and 23 patients with treated and untreated coeliac disease was examined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In control patients, duodenal lymphocytes spontaneously secreted higher levels of IgM than jejunal lymphocytes (p less than 0.05). Significantly higher levels of both IgA (p less than 0.05) and IgM (p less than 0.001) were secreted by jejunal lymphocytes of 10 patients with untreated coeliac disease than cells isolated from normal jejunal tissue. IgM and IgA secretion by duodenal lymphocytes isolated from control patients was increased in a dose dependent manner by coculture with autologous peripheral blood T lymphocytes. This effect was not observed with jejunal lymphocytes of control or treated coeliac patients. Peripheral T-cells of untreated coeliac patients, however, showed significant helper effects (p less than 0.05) for IgM and IgA secretion by autologous jejunal lymphocytes. The results suggest that jejunal lymphocytes of patients with untreated coeliac disease show major differences in their capacity to synthesise and secrete immunoglobulins in vitro and the enhanced secretion might result from changes in T-cell immunoregulatory function.
James Dermott Grene
Authors: Charles Grene
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Pioneer of cervical screeningBetty Macgregor was the cytologist who made northeast Scotland the United Kingdom's first centre for systematic cervical screening.It was because of her published results that screening was taken up throughout the UK.She published important papers on many aspects of screening, including cervical cytology, the epidemiology of cervical cancer, improving the prognosis, cost effectiveness, cervical abnormalities in various subgroups of women, and the problems of false negative results.Her booklet Taking Uterine Cervical Smears (1982), published by the British Society of Clinical Cytology, sold 25 000 copies.Betty McPherson was born in Glasgow in 1920.When she was 7 her mother died from tuberculosis.Betty studied medicine at Glasgow University during the second world war, qualifying in 1943.She met Alastair Macgregor there, and they married a year later.She did her house jobs at Glasgow Royal Infirmary and Western General Hospital.During the next few years she raised their four children and worked part time in child welfare clinics.In 1958
Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of welders in the engineering industry.
Authors: S P Hayden, A C Pincock, J Hayden, L E Tyler, K W Cross, J M Bishop
Journal: Thorax (1984)

We have studied respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, chest radiographs, sickness absence, and pulmonary function among 258 welders and an equal number of matched control subjects in three engineering factories. Welders who smoked had a higher frequency of chronic phlegm production than control subjects but there was no difference in cough or dyspnoea. The frequency of abnormality on chest radiographs was low and similar in welders and controls. Upper respiratory infections were a more frequent cause of sickness absence in welders than in controls but no difference was found in other respiratory diseases. FEV1 and peak expiratory flow rate were similar in welders and controls. In a subset of 186 subjects the maximum expiratory flow rate at low lung volumes was significantly less in welders who smoked than in control subjects who smoked, but there was no difference in non-smokers. Welders working under these conditions in the engineering industry appear to have no increased risk of chronic obstructive lung disease.
A NOTE ON NITROGEN RETENTION FOLLOWING REPEATED INJECTIONS OF NEPHROTOXIC AGENTS
Authors: Howard T. Karsner, W. Denis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

It is possible by means of repeated injections of uranium nitrate to produce in the cat a subacute or chronic nephritis which can progress to a fatal termination and show in its course increasing accumulation of non-protein nitrogen in the blood. This nephritis differs only slightly from the spontaneous chronic nephritis of the species. Repeated doses of diphtheria toxin produce a subacute form of nephritis with only temporary or slight retention, but nevertheless anatomically a well defined nephritis. The spontaneous nephritis studied resembles more closely that produced by uranium nitrate than that produced by diphtheria toxin both histologically and from the standpoint of blood analysis.
Interactive effects between trichloroethylene and pesticides at metabolic and genetic level in mice.
Authors: P Hrelia, F Maffei, F Vigagni, C Fimognari, P Flori, R Stanzani, G Cantelli Forti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

A combined cytogeneticurine metabolite analysis approach was used to assess potential interactive effects between Fenarimol (FN), a fungicide, and trichloroethylene (TRI), a halogenated solvent. FN was demonstrated to selectively induce P450-2B1 isoforms in different organs of treated mice. Since the rate of metabolism and the stereospecificity of metabolism are dependent on the types and amount of P450s available, FN might drastically alter the metabolic activation of a precarcinogen, such as TRI, and its toxicological consequences. Male CD1 mice were divided into untreated, vehicle control, and experimental groups. Animals of the latter groups were treated ip with 150 mg/kg bw FN in corn oil, 457 mg/kg bw TRI in corn oil, TRI plus FN separated by different time intervals. Bone marrow cells were harvested for determination of micronuclei (MN) frequencies in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE). The presence of the known metabolite of TRI, trichloroethanol (TCE), was quantitated in collected urine by gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector. Linear regression analysis shows that MN frequency by TRI is correlated with TCE concentration in urine. Observed potentiation of genotoxicity of TRI by FN pretreatment (1 hr before TRI treatment) apparently reflects changes in the spectra of enzymes involved in TRI metabolism, and altered toxicokinetic, as witnessed by the 20% difference in TCE excretion from combined treated mice. However, no increased genetic or metabolic effects were observed when FN was administered 3 hr before TRI. No significant interactive effects were observed at a genetic level when FN was administered 1 hr and 3 hr after TRI whereas a 33 to 47% loss in TCE excretion was recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Changes in the pattern of regional pulmonary blood flow after PGF2 infusion in pregnant women
Authors: N. J. SECHER, L. H. ANDERSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

The central haemodynamics and regional lung function were measured in the sitting position before and after infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in seven healthy women in the first trimester of pregnancy. The dosage level of PGF2alpha was: 100mug/min for 10 minutes followed by 300mug/min for 5 minutes. The pulmonary arterial pressure, wedge pressure, and cardiac output were measured by means of a flow direct Swan-Ganz catheter introduced through an antecubital vein. The regional perfusion of the lungs was determined, in the sitting position, by external counting over the chest following intravenous injection of Xe133. The thoracic impedance was measured with the Minnesota Impedance Cardiograph Model 304A and the impedance was considered as an expression of the thoracic fluid volume. A significant redistribution of the pulmonary blood flow after PGF2alpha administration was found, ie an increase in the apical blood flow and a reduction in the basal blood flow. Further, the point of maximal blood flow moved in direction of the apex. A significant increase in both arterial [1.92-2.76 kPa (14.4-20.7 mmHg)] and wedge pressures [0.56-0.83 kPa (4.2-6.2 mmHg)] was found at the highest dosage level, whereas no changes were seen in the cardiac output and thoracic impedance. The findings indicate vasoconstriction of the arterial and possibly on the venous side of the pulmonary vascular bed during PGF2alpha infusion.
Model ecosystem evaluation of the environmental impacts of the veterinary drugs phenothiazine, sulfamethazine, clopidol, and diethylstilbestrol.
Authors: J R Coats, R L Metcalf, P Y Lu, D D Brown, J F Williams, L G Hansen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Four veterinary drugs of dissimilar chemical structures were evaluated for environmental stability and penchant for bioaccumulation. The techniques used were (1) a model aquatic ecosystem (3 days) and (2) a model feedlot ecosystem (33 days) in which the drugs were introduced via the excreta of chicks or mice. The model feedlot ecosystem was supported by metabolism cage studies to determine the amount and the form of the drug excreted by the chicks or mice. Considerable quantities of all the drugs were excreted intact or as environmentally short-lived conjugates. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) and Clopidol were the most persistent molecules, but only DES bioaccumulated to any appreciable degree. Phenothiazine was very biodegradable; sulfamethazine was relatively biodegradable and only accumulated in the organisms to very low levels. Data from the aquatic model ecosystem demonstrated a good correlation between the partition coefficients of the drugs and their accumulation in the fish.
Acute Multiple Gastric Ulcers in the Pyloric Antrum
Authors: T. Yoshida, H. Kubo, H. Murata, K. Ando, H. Ishii, F. Miyagi
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

Acute prepyloric hemorrhagic erosions occasionally progress to symmetrical ulcers. Cytomegalic inclusion bodies were frequently seen, a history of alimentary allergens, excessive alcohol intake or coffee drinking was common. Hyperchlorhydria which decreased spontaneously was found in 89% during the acute attack.
Chemotherapy for Advanced Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: G. Varuni Kondagunta, Robert J. Motzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Germ cell tumors constitute the most curable of all cancers. Standard treatment of previously untreated and treated patients has evolved on the basis of prospective clinical trials and prognostic factors. This review summarizes the prognostic criteria on which treatment decisions may be based, and outlines the current treatment approaches.Randomized and nonrandomized trials of first-line, salvage, and palliative therapy and the role of surgery after chemotherapy were reviewed. In the treatment of previously untreated patients, emphasis was placed on interpretation of data of trials according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group model, which has evolved into a universally accepted classification algorithm for determining appropriate risk-directed chemotherapy. This system permits treatment choices based on the balance between benefit and toxicity and allows comparison of results across multiple clinical trials.Standard therapy for good-risk patients is four cycles of etoposide plus cisplatin or three cycles of cisplatin, etoposide plus bleomycin (BEP x 3); both approaches cure approximately 90% of patients. After chemotherapy and normalization of markers, patients should generally undergo resection of residual masses. Approximately 75% of intermediate-risk and 45% of poor-risk patients group achieve a durable complete response with BEP x 4. Potentially curative options in the salvage setting include ifosfamide plus cisplatin-containing standard dose therapy and high-dose carboplatin plus stem-cell rescue. Surgery remains an essential component of care.Curative therapy exists even in patients with resistant disease, and treatment choices can be based on established clinical criteria. Serum tumor markers and surgery after chemotherapy have essential roles in patient management
A Comparison of Two Diabetic Foot Ulcer Classification Systems
Authors: Samson O. Oyibo, Edward B. Jude, Ibrahim Tarawneh, Hienvu C. Nguyen, Lawrence B. Harkless, Andrew J.M. Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In this study the following two ulcer classification systems were applied to new foot ulcers to compare them as predictors of outcome: the Wagner (grade) and the University of Texas (LT) (grade and stage) wound classification systems.Ulcer size, appearance, clinical evidence of infection, ischemia, and neuropathy at presentation were recorded, and patients were followed up until healing or for 6 months.Of 194 patients with new foot ulcers, 67.0% were neuropathic, 26.3% were neuroischemic, 1.0% were ischemic, and 5.7% had no identified underlying factors. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) ulcer size at presentation was 1.5 cm2 (0.6-4.0). Lower-limb amputations were performed for 15% of ulcers, whereas 65% healed [median (IQR) healing time 5 (3-10) weeks] and 16% were not healed at study termination; 4% of patients died. Wagner grade (P < 0.0001), and UT grade (P < 0.0001) and stage (P < 0.001) showed positive trends with increased number of amputations. For UT stage, the risk of amputation increased with infection both alone (odds ratio [OR] = 11.1, P < 0.0001) and in combination with ischemia (OR = 14.7, P < 0.0001), but not significantly with ischemia alone (OR = 4.6, P = 0.09). Healing times were not significantly different for each grade of the Wagner (P = 0.1) or the UT system (P = 0.07), but there was a significant stepwise increase in healing time with each stage of the UT system (P < 0.05), and stage predicted healing (P < 0.05).Increasing stage, regardless of grade, is associated with increased risk of amputation and prolonged ulcer healing time. The UT system's inclusion of stage makes it a better predictor of outcome.
Abstract P5-13-08: Factors Affecting Delivery of Planned Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in Older Women
Authors: N Ngamphaiboon, SB Edge, A Groman, GE Wilding, F Ademuyiwa, EG Levine, N Watroba, TL. O'Connor
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Recent studies suggest that older women derive the same benefits from adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (AST) as younger women. In older women, the ability to successfully complete chemotherapy may be complicated by other health conditions and performance status. This study examines the frequency of inability to complete planned AST and factors associated with difficulty administering AST in older women. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of breast cancer patients (age≥65) who received adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Roswell Park Cancer Institute from 9/1997 to 1/2010. Endpoints considered collectively as “difficulty “ in delivering AST were delay in treatment, hospitalization, dose reduction and discontinuation of AST. Factors defined a priori that could affect these outcomes were creatinine clearance (CCr), obesity (BMI ≥30), cardiac disease, hypertension, psychiatric disorders, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, previous malignancy, COPD/asthma, Charlson comorbidity index, and use of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to identify the significant categorical factors associated with each of the five binary responses indicating difficulty administering AST. Logistic regression was used to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios to further examine the relationships. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate survival distributions, progression free and overall survival. The log-rank test was used for comparison between women experiencing difficulty with treatment and those with no difficulty with treatment. A 0.05 nominal significance level was used in all testing. Statistical analysis and plots were completed using SAS, version 9.2, statistical software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Results: 193 women age 65 and over received AST (median age of 70 years - range 65-86). Median follow up was 40.9 months. 73% received anthracycline-based AST. Factors associated with difficulty, delay, dose reduction, hospitalization, or failure to complete planned AST are shown in the Table. Women who completed planned AST had better OS than those who did not complete AST (p=0.01). Women who completed therapy with difficulty had no difference in outcome compared to those without difficulty [DFS (p=0.07) and OS (p=0.18)]. Conclusions: Age, cardiac disease, diabetes, hypertension, CCr, obesity, CCI, and sum of comorbidity significantly impact the ability to deliver and complete AST in older women with BC. Completing planned chemotherapy is associated with improved survival. Figures available in online version. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-13-08.
T cell–independent B cell activation induces immunosuppressive sialylated IgG antibodies
Authors: Constanze Hess, André Winkler, Alexandra K. Lorenz, Vivien Holecska, Véronique Blanchard, Susanne Eiglmeier, Anna-Lena Schoen, Josephine Bitterling, Alexander D. Stoehr, Dominique Petzold, Tim Schommartz, Maria M.M. Mertes, Carolin T. Schoen, Ben Tiburzy, Anne Herrmann, Jörg Köhl, Rudolf A. Manz, Michael P. Madaio, Markus Berger, Hedda Wardemann, Marc Ehlers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Antigen-specific Abs are able to enhance or suppress immune responses depending on the receptors that they bind on immune cells. Recent studies have shown that pro- or antiinflammatory effector functions of IgG Abs are also regulated through their Fc N-linked glycosylation patterns. IgG Abs that are agalactosylated (non-galactosylated) and asialylated are proinflammatory and induced by the combination of T cell-dependent (TD) protein antigens and proinflammatory costimulation. Sialylated IgG Abs, which are immunosuppressive, and Tregs are produced in the presence of TD antigens under tolerance conditions. T cell-independent (TI) B cell activation via B cell receptor (BCR) crosslinking through polysaccharides or via BCR and TLR costimulation also induces IgG Abs, but the Fc glycosylation state of these Abs is unknown. We found in mouse experiments that TI immune responses induced suppressive sialylated IgGs, in contrast to TD proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 immune responses, which induced agalactosylated and asialylated IgGs. Transfer of low amounts of antigen-specific sialylated IgG Abs was sufficient to inhibit B cell activation and pathogenic immune reactions. These findings suggest an immune regulatory function for TI immune responses through the generation of immunosuppressive sialylated IgGs and may provide insight on the role of TI immune responses during infection, vaccination, and autoimmunity.