tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Anaemia by Transfusion of Concentrated Suspensions of Red Cells
Authors: D. H. G. MacQuaide, P. L. Mollison
Journal: BMJ (1940)

ANAENIIA'TELBRoisfNAt 555 number of cases occur, however, which do not so readily respond, and these are not always patients previously neurotic, thoLugh this is the general rule.Many cases arise Jn those not previously overtly neurotic but of a nervous or highly strung -disposition.A few cases are seen in which no trace of predisposition can be found, but it is ridicLIlous to regard these as the only true psychiatric casualties of the air raids.No claim is made for originality in the methods of treatment employed.All were used in the last war, and it was from those who introduced them that I have learnt them.Summary The conditions under which cases of neuLrosis have occurred in recent weeks in London are briefly considered and con- trasted with those of September, 1939.The question of attributabilitv to war stress is discussed.Six tv pical cases are reported.Therapeultic measures are briefly described.
Dedifferentiation of atrial myocytes during atrial fibrillation: role of fibroblast proliferation in vitro
Authors: Catherine Rücker-Martin, Françoise Pecker, David Godreau, Stéphane N Hatem
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objectives: Severe myocyte alterations, characterized by enlarged myocytes and myolysis, is observed in fibrillating and dilated atria and contributes to atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of this cellular remodeling process and factors involved in its regulation. Methods: In vivo, contractile proteins were studied in 24 human right atrial specimens by means of immunohistochemical techniques. In an attempt to reproduce in vitro the myocyte remodeling and to study its regulation, human atrial myocytes were cultured (n = 27) and analyzed immunocytochemically; intracellular Ca2+ transients (Cai-tr) in response to electrical stimulation were monitored using Fura-2/AM. Results: In diseased specimens, sarcomeres, seen at the periphery of myolytic myocytes, stained positively with antibodies against sarcomeric proteins of the Z-band (α-actinin and titin epitope T12) but not with antibodies against titin epitope T11 (I-band) or desmin (intermediate filament). β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and smooth muscle α-actin, two proteins of the fetal program, were re-expressed. In culture, diseased myocytes also showed myolysis and glycogen accumulation; their sarcomeres stained positively with anti-α-actinin, anti-T12, anti-β-MHC and anti-smooth muscle α-actin but not with anti-titin T11 or anti-desmin antibodies. At confluence, myocytes regained a normal sarcomeric apparatus and were excitable, as shown by electrical Cai-tr triggering. This redifferentiation process was inhibited by fibroblast proliferation. Conclusion: In diseased atria, myolytic myocytes are in a dedifferentiated state resembling that of immature muscle cells. In vitro, fibroblast proliferation prevents the reversibility of this cellular alteration.
Spinal Manipulation and Home Exercise With Advice for Subacute and Chronic Back-Related Leg Pain
Authors: Gert Bronfort, Maria A. Hondras, Craig A. Schulz, Roni L. Evans, Cynthia R. Long, Richard Grimm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Back-related leg pain (BRLP) is often disabling and costly, and there is a paucity of research to guide its management. Objective: To determine whether spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) plus home exercise and advice (HEA) compared with HEA alone reduces leg pain in the short and long term in adults with BRLP. Design: Controlled pragmatic trial with allocation by minimization conducted from 2007 to 2011. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00494065) Setting: 2 research centers (Minnesota and Iowa). Patients: Persons aged 21 years or older with BRLP for least 4 weeks. Intervention: 12 weeks of SMT plus HEA or HEA alone. Measurements: The primary outcome was patient-rated BRLP at 12 and 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes were self-reported low back pain, disability, global improvement, satisfaction, medication use, and general health status at 12 and 52 weeks. Blinded objective tests were done at 12 weeks. Results: Of the 192 enrolled patients, 191 (99%) provided follow-up data at 12 weeks and 179 (93%) at 52 weeks. For leg pain, SMT plus HEA had a clinically important advantage over HEA (difference, 10 percentage points [95% CI, 2 to 19]; P = 0.008) at 12 weeks but not at 52 weeks (difference, 7 percentage points [CI, −2 to 15]; P = 0.146). Nearly all secondary outcomes improved more with SMT plus HEA at 12 weeks, but only global improvement, satisfaction, and medication use had sustained improvements at 52 weeks. No serious treatment-related adverse events or deaths occurred. Limitation: Patients and providers could not be blinded. Conclusion: For patients with BRLP, SMT plus HEA was more effective than HEA alone after 12 weeks, but the benefit was sustained only for some secondary outcomes at 52 weeks. Primary Funding Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Prevents Ischemia-Induced Lethal Arrhythmias
Authors: Tetsuro Kohya, Hisashi Yokoshiki, Noritsugu Tohse, Morio Kanno, Haruaki Nakaya, Hideya Saito, Akira Kitabatake
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract To evaluate the preventive effect of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on sudden cardiac death (SCD), the incidence of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/Vf) after left coronary artery occlusion in Langendorff preparations was studied in the following five groups: (1) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) without treatment (SHR-N), (2) SHR treated with captopril (SHR-C), (3) SHR treated with the angiotensin II receptor antagonist TCV-116 (SHR-A), (4) SHR treated with hydralazine (SHR-H), and (5) Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Although blood pressure was equally lowered in all treated groups, SHR-C and SHR-A but not SHR-H showed regression of LVH. The incidence of VT/Vf was 5% in WKY rats, 63% in SHR-N ( P &lt;.005 versus WKY rats), 0% in SHR-C, 10% in SHR-A, and 45% in SHR-H ( P &lt;.05 versus WKY rats). Further evaluation of the effect of TCV-116 revealed that SHR treated with a low dose of TCV-116 (1 mg/kg per day) showed a decrease in left ventricular mass with only a little decrease in blood pressure and that the incidence of VT/Vf was reduced in association with the degree of regression of LVH. Electrophysiological study using microelectrode techniques revealed that in the LVH groups (SHR-N and SHR-H), the action potential duration (APD) of the left ventricular papillary muscle was more prolonged than in WKY rats, whereas APD shortened to a greater extent during superfusion with a hypoxia/no-glucose solution. APD showed no difference in the regression groups (SHR-C and SHR-A) compared with the WKY group. Shortening of APD at 75% repolarization 30 minutes after exposure to the hypoxia/no-glucose solution was 34% in WKY rats, 53% in SHR-N ( P &lt;.05 versus WKY rats), 32% in SHR-C, 28% in SHR-A, and 47% in SHR-H ( P &lt;.05 versus WKY rats). These results suggest that LVH has a greater susceptibility to VT/Vf during acute myocardial ischemia because of greater APD dispersion between the normal and ischemic zones. The reduction of electrical inhomogeneity in regressed LVH may prevent SCD caused by ischemia-induced lethal arrhythmias. Effective regression of LVH by angiotensin II blockade may play a beneficial role in the prevention of SCD.
Clinical Research Sites—The Underappreciated Component of the Clinical Research System
Authors: Robert M. Califf
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ambulatory Care for the House Officer
Authors: C. M. Rinke
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This manual ambitiously collects an extensive group of common clinical problems seen by the primary care physician. Separate chapters discuss the diagnostic nuances of headache, dizziness, and chest, abdominal, and low back pain. Other chapters dissect the intricacies of diagnosing and treating specific diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, urinary tract infections, and gynecologic complaints. Clinical pearls known to surgical subspecialists are described under chapters on eye, ear, nose, throat, and dental problems. Discussions are aimed at the general practitioner seeing patients in an ambulatory care setting. The format is a syllabus-outline without lettered headings printed in typewriter-style typeface. One infers that this book is the amplification of a teaching syllabus for house officers at the University of California, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. In fact, it is designed to fit into the pocket of a laboratory jacket. The most striking and consistent feature of this handbook is its organized presentation.
Who needs health care?
Authors: Kelechi E Nnoaham
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Modified Mediterranean diet and survival Evidence for diet linked longevity is substantialEditor-The EPIC-elderly cohort study was designed to investigate the association between a modified Mediterranean diet and longer life expectancy among an elderly subpopulation (older than 60) that is part of the larger EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. 1 2 Focusing the attention on a sample with a more restricted age range seems to reinforce previous findings on diet linked longevity, but important risk factors were not taken into account in collecting the data.Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure are well known determinants of cardiovascular disease.The study's outcomes are expressed in term of mortality, and cardiovascular disease remains the most important of all causes of death.The benefits of a healthy eating pattern with respect to these variables have been shown. 3he same might not be sustained if the total EPIC cohort were considered (aged 20-85). 2 Have the authors considered any possible statistical gain from including these risk factors in the analysis when considering the younger subgroup?We believe that the conclusions for participants older than 60 are stronger if the risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women after the menopause is considered.In a world in which people eat mainly processed foods that are rich in saturated fats, the analysis is a warning to adopt a healthier dietary pattern and, broadly, lifestyle changes.
Associations of functional NLRP3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to food-induced anaphylaxis and aspirin-induced asthma
Authors: Yuki Hitomi, Motohiro Ebisawa, Morimitsu Tomikawa, Takanori Imai, Takatsugu Komata, Tomomitsu Hirota, Michishige Harada, Masafumi Sakashita, Yoichi Suzuki, Naoki Shimojo, Yoichi Kohno, Kimie Fujita, Akihiko Miyatake, Satoru Doi, Tadao Enomoto, Masami Taniguchi, Noritaka Higashi, Yusuke Nakamura, Mayumi Tamari
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
IMPACT OF PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY: 3-YEAR RESULTS FROM THE HORIZONS AMI TRIAL
Authors: Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giulio Guagliumi, Jan Z. Peruga, Bruce R. Brodie, Dariusz Dudek, Ran Kornowski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Targeting recombinant thrombomodulin fusion protein to red blood cells provides multifaceted thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Sergei Zaitsev, M. Anna Kowalska, Michael Neyman, Ronald Carnemolla, Samira Tliba, Bi-Sen Ding, Aaron Stonestrom, Dirk Spitzer, John P. Atkinson, Mortimer Poncz, Douglas B. Cines, Charles T. Esmon, Vladimir R. Muzykantov
Journal: Blood (2012)
Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Robert H. Elwell
Journal: JAMA (1962)

TOLBUTAMIDE is now widely used for the treatment of mild diabetes. Its use in neurological disorders was first reported in March, 1960, by Gates and Hyman, and the effect of this drug in reducing the rigidity and tremor in patients with Parkinson's disease was described. In 1959 Cohen and Cohen reported on its efficacy in the treatment of pustular acne, giving evidence that patients with this disease frequently have elevated cellular glucose levels. Sawyer, noting a "striking remission of symptoms due to multiple sclerosis" in a patient receiving tolbutamide for acne, treated 7 additional cases of multiple sclerosis with tolbutamide in conjunction with diets of varying carbohydrate content. He observed favorable responses in those patients receiving low carbohydrate intake. Our study was undertaken to confirm these promising results. Method and Results Twelve cases (11 inpatients and 1 outpatient) are included in this study, selection depending only on the diagnosis of
CHARACTERIZATION OF LEUKIN: AN ANTIBACTERIAL FACTOR FROM LEUCOCYTES ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM-POSITIVE PATHOGENS
Authors: Robert C. Skarnes, Dennis W. Watson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

A method has been described for the preparation of a potent antibacterial factor from rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Upon characterization, the factor was found to possess many properties in common with basic proteins. The amino acid analysis revealed that it contained a relatively large amount of arginine (17 per cent) and small amounts of the other two basic amino acids. It has therefore been identified as a protamine or protamine derivative. The leucocyte factor was very active against all Gram-positive pathogens tested but exhibited little or no action against Gram-negative species. A possible explanation of this phenomenon has been discussed. The factor was very heat-stable at acid and neutral pH and its staphylococcidal activity was blocked by glutamyl polypeptide, hyaluronic acid, and desoxyribonudeic acid. Because of the apparent similarity of the product studied here to other poorly defined leucocyte factors which had been termed leukins in the early literature, it is suggested that the name leukin be retained for it. The possible significance of this leukin in natural immunity has been discussed.
Patient Cooperation in Taking Medicines
Authors: Robert K. Maddock
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Fifty patients from the outpatient clinics of the University Hospitals of Cleveland were followed up with multiple urine tests for isoniazid (INH) and aminosalicylic acid (PAS) during a six-month period to discover the extent of patient cooperation. Fifteen (30%) of 50 patients receiving isoniazid and 14 (42%) of 33 patients receiving aminosalicylic acid were uncooperative. Isoniazid and aminosalicylic acid were equally acceptable to patients who were taking both drugs; however, isoniazid was more frequently omitted by those taking both drugs than by those who took isoniazid alone. The study demonstrates the pitfalls of relying on clinic attendance, prescription pick-up data, and response to therapy in assessing patient cooperation. Because of the experience of this study and that reported in the literature, it is urged that those who evaluate drugs determine whether patients take the drug in question and restrict their study groups to those who do.
Mechanisms of asthma in Olympic athletes – practical implications
Authors: T. Haahtela, P. Malmberg, A. Moreira
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Athletes’ symptoms may only occur in extreme conditions, which are far from normal. Exercise may increase ventilation up to 200 l/min for short periods in speed and power athletes, and for longer periods in endurance athletes such as swimmers and cross‐country skiers. Increasing proportions of young athletes are atopic, i.e. they show signs of IgE‐mediated allergy which is, along with the sport event (endurance sport), a major risk factor for asthma and respiratory symptoms. Mechanisms in the etiology and clinical phenotypes vary between disciplines and individuals, and it may be an oversimplification to discuss athlete’s asthma as a distinct and unambiguous disease. Nevertheless, the experience on Finnish Olympic athletes suggests at least two different clinical phenotypes, which may reflect different underlying mechanisms. The pattern of ‘classical asthma’ is characterized by early onset childhood asthma, methacholine responsiveness, atopy and signs of eosinophilic airway inflammation, reflected by increased exhaled nitric oxide levels. Another distinct phenotype includes late onset symptoms (during sports career), bronchial responsiveness to eucapnic hyperventilation test, but not necessarily to inhaled methacholine, and a variable association with atopic markers and nitric oxide. A mixed type of eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation seems to affect especially swimmers, ice‐hockey players, and cross‐country skiers. The inflammation may represent a multifactorial trauma, in which both allergic and irritant mechanisms play a role. There is a significant problem of both under‐ and overdiagnosing asthma in athletes and the need for objective testing is emphasized. Follow‐up studies are needed to assess the temporal relationship between asthma and competitive sporting, taking better into account individual disposition, environmental factors (exposure), intensity of training and potential confounders.
Information Systems and Measurement Tools
Authors: Vergil N. Slee
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Compliance with the Medicare Act will require that utilization review plan have two mechanisms: One mechanism is for "live" or "on the spot" review of the medical necessity for inpatient services during a continuous period of extended duration. This review must be done on certain<i>days</i>specified by Medicare regulations. I suggest that this be called<i>medical necessity determination</i>. The second mechanism serves for retrospective review of admissions, duration of stay, and professional services furnished (including drugs and biologicals), with regard to their medical necessity and the efficient use of facilities and services. I suggest that this be called<i>utilization evaluation</i>. It will be necessary to handle these two problems by two separate methods. Medical necessity determination will require: Adopting (a) definition (s) of a long-stay case. Tagging each admission while in the hospital as a member of a "class" to determine when extended stay begins. Establishing
The IL-2/CD25 axis maintains distinct subsets of chronic myeloid leukemia-initiating cells
Authors: Chiharu I. Kobayashi, Keiyo Takubo, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu, Hiroaki Honda, Keisuke Kataoka, Keiki Kumano, Hideo Akiyama, Tetsuo Sudo, Mineo Kurokawa, Toshio Suda
Journal: Blood (2014)
Two Cases of Typhoid Fever, with Abscesses of Lung and Empyema
Authors: S. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1901)

The subject was again brought forcibly to my mind recently.During the demonstration of throat cases at the Great Northern Hospital a student was looking over my right shoulder in the usual way.A sickly child with a sore throat came up for examination, and, prompted by the appearanoe of the patient, I warned my friend to stand aside.The
Glomerular Structure and Function Require Paracrine, Not Autocrine, VEGF–VEGFR-2 Signaling
Authors: Karen Sison, Vera Eremina, Hans Baelde, Wang Min, Masanori Hirashima, I. George Fantus, Susan E. Quaggin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

VEGF is a potent vascular growth factor produced by podocytes in the developing and mature glomerulus. Specific deletion of VEGF from podocytes causes glomerular abnormalities including profound endothelial cell injury, suggesting that paracrine signaling is critical for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). However, it is not clear whether normal GFB function also requires autocrine VEGF signaling in podocytes. In this study, we sought to determine whether an autocrine VEGF-VEGFR-2 loop in podocytes contributes to the maintenance of the GFB in vivo. We found that induced, whole-body deletion of VEGFR-2 caused marked abnormalities in the kidney and also other tissues, including the heart and liver. By contrast, podocyte-specific deletion of the VEGFR-2 receptor had no effect on glomerular development or function even up to 6 months old. Unlike cell culture models, enhanced expression of VEGF by podocytes in vivo caused foot process fusion and alterations in slit diaphragm-associated proteins; however, inhibition of VEGFR-2 could not rescue this defect. Although VEGFR-2 was dispensable in the podocyte, glomerular endothelial cells depended on VEGFR-2 expression: postnatal deletion of the receptor resulted in global defects in the glomerular microvasculature. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence for dominant actions of a paracrine VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling loop both in the developing and in the filtering glomerulus. VEGF produced by the podocyte regulates the structure and function of the adjacent endothelial cell.
Increased duodenal expression of divalent metal transporter 1 and iron-regulated gene 1 in cirrhosis
Authors: Katherine Anne Stuart, Gregory Jon Anderson, David Michael Frazer, Therese Luna Murphy, Lawrie William Powell, Linda Maria Fletcher, Darrell Henry Crawford
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Hepatic hemosiderosis and increased iron absorption are common findings in cirrhosis. It has been proposed that a positive relation exists between intestinal iron absorption and the development of hepatic hemosiderosis. The current study investigated the duodenal expression of the iron transport molecules divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1 [IRE]), iron-regulated gene 1 (Ireg1 [ferroportin]), hephaestin, and duodenal cytochrome b (Dyctb) in 46 patients with cirrhosis and 20 control subjects. Total RNA samples were extracted from duodenal biopsy samples and the expression of the iron transport genes was assessed by ribonuclease protection assays. Expression of DMT1 and Ireg1 was increased 1.5 to 3-fold in subjects with cirrhosis compared with iron-replete control subjects. The presence of cirrhosis per se and serum ferritin (SF) concentration were independent factors that influenced the expression of DMT1. However, only SF concentration was independently associated with Ireg1 expression. In cirrhosis, the expression of DMT1 and Ireg1 was not related to the severity of liver disease or cirrhosis type. There was no correlation between the duodenal expression of DMT1 and Ireg1 and the degree of hepatic siderosis. In conclusion, the presence of cirrhosis is an independent factor associated with increased expression of DMT1 but not Ireg1. The mechanism by which cirrhosis mediates this change in DMT1 expression has yet to be determined. Increased expression of DMT1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis-associated hepatic iron overload.