tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance
Authors: Hee Jin Chang, Byong Chul Yoo, Seok-Byung Lim, Seung-Yong Jeong, Woo Ho Kim, Jae-Gahb Park
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) play a variety of roles in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Recently, we reported that mGluR4 mediates 5-fluorouracil resistance in a human colon cancer cell line. In this study, we evaluated the nonneural expression of mGluR4 and clarified the existence of mGluR4 in normal colon epithelium and colorectal carcinomas. We also investigated the association of mGluR4 expression levels with various clinicopathologic parameters. Experimental Design: mGluR4 expression was investigated in 21 normal and 312 malignant tissues from various organs using immunohistochemistry. In addition, 241 cases of colorectal carcinomas were examined and correlations between mGluR4 expression and various clinicopathologic parameters were then statistically analyzed. Results: Expression of mGluR4 was identified in the normal epithelia of the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tracts, breast, uterine cervix, urinary bladder, and skin, whereas it was not detected in the thyroid, lung alveoli, liver, testis, or prostate. In the corresponding malignant tissues, mGluR4 expression was frequently identified in colorectal carcinoma (68%), followed by malignant melanoma, laryngeal carcinoma, and breast carcinomas. Expression of mGluR4 was detected in 131 (54%) of 241 colorectal carcinomas and 12 (5%) cases among them showed overexpression in their cytoplasms. Loss of mGluR4 expression was negatively associated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.028), whereas overexpression of mGluR4 was positively associated with recurrence (P = 0.034) and poor disease-free survival (P = 0.017) in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Our results suggest that mGluR4 signaling may play a role in colorectal carcinomas and that overexpression of mGluR4 is associated with poor prognosis.
Eric Harry Miles Foxen
Authors: J. H. G. Fenwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Eric Harry Miles Foxen was born in Watford, the only child of Bessie and Harry Foxen. He was the first pupil from Watford Grammar to take 1st MB and entered Westminster Hospital Medical School for clinical training five months before the outbreak of the second world war.

In September 1942 he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and became regimental medical officer to the Glider Pilot Regiment. He trained in otology at the military hospital in Edinburgh, becoming a graded otologist in …
Detection of Injury-Induced Vascular Remodeling by Targeting Activated α <sub>v</sub> β <sub>3</sub> Integrin In Vivo
Authors: Mehran M. Sadeghi, Svetlana Krassilnikova, Jiasheng Zhang, Amir A. Gharaei, Hooman Rastegar Fassaei, Leila Esmailzadeh, Ali Kooshkabadi, Scott Edwards, Padmaja Yalamanchili, Thomas D. Harris, Albert J. Sinusas, Barry L. Zaret, Jeffrey R. Bender
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The alpha(v)beta3 integrin plays a critical role in cell proliferation and migration. We hypothesized that vascular cell proliferation, a hallmark of injury-induced remodeling, can be tracked by targeting alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression in vivo.RP748, a novel 111In-labeled alpha(v)beta3-specific radiotracer, was evaluated for its cell-binding characteristics and ability to track injury-induced vascular proliferation in vivo. Three groups of experiments were performed. In cultured endothelial cells (ECs), TA145, a cy3-labeled homologue of RP748, localized to alpha(v)beta3 at focal contacts. Activation of alpha(v)beta3 by Mn2+ led to increased EC binding of TA145. Left common carotid artery wire injury in apolipoprotein E-/- mice led to vascular wall expansion over a period of 4 weeks. RP748 (7.4 MBq) was injected into groups of 9 mice at 1, 3, or 4 weeks after left carotid injury, and carotids were harvested for autoradiography. Relative autographic intensity, defined as counts/pixel of the injured left carotid area divided by counts/pixel of the uninjured right carotid area, was higher at 1 and 3 weeks (1.8+/-0.1 and 1.9+/-0.2, respectively) and decreased significantly by 4 weeks after injury (1.4+/-0.1, P<0.05). Carotid alpha(v) and beta3 integrin expression was maximal at 1 week and decreased by 4 weeks after injury. The proliferation index, as determined by Ki67 staining, followed a temporal pattern similar to that of RP748 uptake. Dynamic gamma imaging demonstrated rapid renal clearance of RP748.RP748 has preferential binding to activated alpha(v)beta3 integrin and can track the injury-induced vascular proliferative process in vivo.
Nursing Homes During an Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Gerald Choon-Huat Koh
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health Status of Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Lu Ann Aday
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1994)

The notion of risk underlying the concept of vulnerability implies that everyone is potentially vulnerable (or at risk), that is, there is always a chance of developing health problems. The risk is, however, greater for those with the least social status, social capital, and human capital resources to either prevent or ameliorate the origins and consequences of poor physical, psychological, or social health. The completeness and accuracy of information on the health status of the vulnerable populations examined here varies substantially across groups. Methodological work is needed to derive standardized definitions of terms, specify the content and timing for collecting information for minimum basic data sets, and develop uniform standards for evaluating and reporting data quality on the health status of vulnerable populations. The variety of indicators of vulnerable populations examined indicates that during the decade of the 1980s the incidence of serious physical, psychological, and/or social needs increased (at worst) and was unameliorated (at best) for millions of Americans. AIDS emerged as a new and deadly threat from a handful of cases classified as Gay-Related Immune Deficiency in the early part of the 1980s to what now may be over a million Americans who are HIV-positive. The number of homeless has increased an average of 20% a year to estimates now ranging up to one million men, women, or children homeless on any given night to twice that number who may be homeless sometime during the year. Over seven million people immigrated to the United States during the period from 1981 to 1990--an increasing proportion of whom are refugees carrying with them the physical, psychological, and social wounds of war. The number of children abused by family members or other intimates has burgeoned to an estimated 1.6 to 1.7 million per year, and with the greater use of firearms, intentional acts of violence towards oneself or others are becoming increasingly deadly in their consequences. Though fewer Americans smoke, drink, and use illicit drugs in general than was the case earlier in the decade of the 1980s, the use of cocaine (and particularly crack) among hard-core addicts has resulted in increases in the number of drug-related deaths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Biochemical changes in the jejunal mucosa of dogs with naturally occurring exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: R. M. Batt, B. M. Bush, T. J. Peters
Journal: Gut (1979)

The roles of extracellular and intracellular mechanisms in the degradation of brush border proteins have been investigated by studying the small intestinal mucosa of dogs with naturally occurring exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Peroral jejunal biopsies were homogenised and the organelles separated by isopycnic centrifugation on continuous sucrose density gradients. The distributions of marker enzymes for the principal subcellular organelles were determined in the gradients and related to the specific activities in the homogenates. There were increased activities of the brush border carbohydrases zinc-resistant α-glucosidase, maltase and sucrase in the pancreatic insufficient animals, but no change in lactase activity. The activity of γ-glutamyl transferase was also higher in the affected group; the activities of two other brush border enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and leucyl-β-naphthylamidase, however, were unaltered. These findings with an increase in the modal density of the brush border from 1·20 to 1·22 are consistent with an enhanced glycoprotein content of the microvillus membrane. There were also rises in the activities of lysosomal enzymes. N-Acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activity was increased in the soluble fractions and the percentage latent enzyme activity was reduced, findings indicative of an increased fragility of the lysosomal membrane. There were no marked alterations in the activities or density gradient distributions of marker enzymes for the other organelles, stressing the specificity of the changes in the brush borders and lysosomes. These findings are compatible with the degradation of certain exposed brush border proteins by pancreatic proteases and suggest that when this is defective, intracellular degradative mechanisms may be stimulated.
Regular Monitoring of Access Flow Compared with Monitoring of Venous Pressure Fails to Improve Graft Survival
Authors: Louise M. Moist, David N. Churchill, Andrew A. House, Steven F. Millward, James E. Elliott, Stewart W. Kribs, William J. DeYoung, Lesley Blythe, Lawrence W. Stitt, Robert M. Lindsay
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

Regular vascular access blood flow (Qa) surveillance is recommended to detect graft stenosis; however, there is little evidence that monitoring and correcting with angioplasty improves graft survival. This blinded, randomized, controlled trial of 112 patients studied time to graft thrombosis and graft loss, comparing monthly Qa plus standard surveillance (dynamic venous pressure and physical examination) (treatment group) to standard surveillance alone (control group). Only the treatment group was referred for angiogram if Qa <650 ml/min or a 20% decrease in Qa from baseline. Percutaneous angioplasty was performed for stenosis >50%. The rate of graft thrombosis per patient-year at risk was 0.41 and 0.51 in the control and treatment groups, respectively. Fifty-one interventions (0.93/patient-years at risk) were performed in the treatment group versus 31 interventions (0.61/patient-years at risk) in the control group. There was no difference in time to graft loss (P = 0.890). In a multivariate analysis, aspirin (ASA) therapy at baseline was associated with an 84% reduction in risk of graft thrombosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.14; P = 0.002). Higher baseline Qa (OR, 0.84; P = 0.05) and longer interval since graft insertion (OR, 0.97; P = 0.07) were associated with a decrease in graft thrombosis. Results reveal that graft surveillance that uses Qa increases the detection of stenosis, compared with standard surveillance; however, intervention with angioplasty does not improve the time to graft thrombosis or time to graft loss.
Structure, function and clinical relevance of the cardiac conduction system, including the atrioventricular ring and outflow tract tissues
Authors: Halina Dobrzynski, Robert H. Anderson, Andrew Atkinson, Zoltan Borbas, Alicia D'Souza, John F. Fraser, Shin Inada, Sunil J.R.J. Logantha, Oliver Monfredi, Gwilym M. Morris, Anton F.M. Moorman, Thodora Nikolaidou, Heiko Schneider, Viktoria Szuts, Ian P. Temple, Joseph Yanni, Mark R. Boyett
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013)
Consecutive Series of Cases of Abdominal Section
Authors: A. W. M. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1889)

weeks not having relieved the symptoms, which had, on the con- trary, become worse, the state of the case becoming urgent, the operation was performed on February 23rd, 1889.Dr. Glynn looked for but found no optic neuritis.There could have been no difficulty in localising the tumour in the right Rolandic area by ordinary methods of estimation and measurement outside the head, but any such process was rendered unnecessary by the existence of a puffy swelling of the scalp in front of the right parietal eminence.What this might have to do with the tumour supposed to be inside was quite unknown, for it appeared to be, as it proved, entirely outside, and not attended with perforation, or, in fact, any but the most trifling alteration of the bone.But, situated in the region which must have been chosen, it was accepted as the guide, exposed in the middle of the flap turned down, and found to consist of pericranium, thickened and softened, though retaining its textural continuity, and at the end of the operation was dissected away.The skull was opened with a one-and-a-half-inch trephine, and a rounded tumour the size of a walnut, with a bit of adherent dura mater, was shelled out by breaking through the surrounding brain with the fingers.'The flap was attached with very few sutures, and held down by antiseptic padding and a close bandage.In consequence of the ratber profuse discharge of serum on the third day, drainage-tubes were then introduced.There later
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast: Opportunities to Improve Breast Cancer Management
Authors: Nola Hylton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relatively recent diagnostic tool for the breast, and the role of MRI in breast cancer management is evolving. As an adjunct to mammography and ultrasound, MRI can be a valuable addition to the work-up of a breast abnormality or biopsy-proven cancer. MRI has the advantages of providing a three-dimensional view of the breast, performing with high sensitivity in dense breast tissue and using non-ionizing radiation. MRI has significant disadvantages as well, including its high cost, variability in performance, and moderate specificity that, in combination with high sensitivity, often leads to unnecessary work-up. AsMRI findswider use, there is concern among clinicians that itmay lead tomoreaggressive treatments forbreast cancerwithout necessarily improving patient outcomes. MRI may be oversensitive, revealing noninvasive disease that may never progress, or residual disease that would be effectively treated by radiation. MRI also adds considerablecost topatient care.However, it is possible that judicious use of MRI could lead to changes in practice patterns that have been adopted based on outcomes using current methods for detecting and staging breast cancer. Many standards of care are applied broadly to groups of patients, although it is known that they benefit only a subset. The high sensitivity ofMRImay allow breast cancers to be characterized more precisely such that less invasive and better-tailored treatment options, including watchful waiting, can be used. This review discusses the current clinical applications for breast MRI and emerging areas where MRI has the potential to change and improve breast cancer management.
Altered Metabolism (In Vivo and In Vitro) of Plasma Lipoproteins after Selective Chemical Modification of Lysine Residues of the Apoproteins
Authors: Robert W. Mahley, Thomas L. Innerarity, Karl H. Weisgraber, Suk Y. Oh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Chemical modification of lysine residues by acetoacetylation of the apoproteins of iodinated canine and human low density lipoproteins (LDL) and canine high density lipoproteins (HDL) resulted in a marked acceleration in the rate of removal of these lipoproteins from the plasma after intravenous injection into dogs. Clearance of the lipoproteins from the plasma correlated with their rapid appearance in the liver. Acetoacetylated canine 125I-LDL (30-60% of the lysine residues modified) were essentially completely removed from the plasma within an hour, and > 75% of the activity cleared within 5 min. Reversal of the acetoacetylation of the lysine residues of the LDL restored to these lipoproteins a rate of clearance essentially identical to that of control LDL. Identical results were obtained with modified human LDL injected into dogs. At 10 min, when ≅ 90% of the acetoacetylated human 125I-LDL had been removed from the plasma, 90% of the total injected activity could be accounted for in the liver. Furthermore, it was possible to demonstrate an enhancement in uptake and degradation of acetoacetylated LDL by canine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The mechanism(s) responsible for the enhanced removal of the LDL and HDL in vivo and in vitro remains to be determined. By contrast, however, acetoacetylation of canine 125I-apoE HDLc did not accelerate their rate of removal from the plasma but, in fact, retarded their clearance. Control (native) apoE HDLc were removed from the plasma (64% within 20 min) and rapidly appeared in the liver (39% at 20 min). At the same time point, only 45% of the acetoacetylated apoE HDLc were cleared from the plasma and <10% appeared in the liver. Acetoacetylation of the apoE HDLc did not enhance their uptake or degradation by macrophages. The rapid clearance from the plasma of the native apoE HDLc in normal and hypercholesterolemic dogs suggests that the liver may be a normal site for the removal of the cholesteryl ester-rich apoE HDLc. The retardation in removal after acetoacetylation of apoE HDLc indicates that the uptake process may be mediated by a lysine-dependent recognition system.
A type I IFN–Flt3 ligand axis augments plasmacytoid dendritic cell development from common lymphoid progenitors
Authors: Yi-Ling Chen, Ting-Ting Chen, Li-Mei Pai, Joanna Wesoly, Hans A.R. Bluyssen, Chien-Kuo Lee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

During infections and inflammation, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the most potent type I interferon (IFN-I)–producing cells. However, the developmental origin of pDCs and the signals dictating pDC generation remain incompletely understood. Here, we report a synergistic role for IFN-I and Flt3 ligand (FL) in pDC development from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). Both conventional DCs (cDCs) and pDCs were generated from CLPs in response to FL, whereas pDC generation required higher concentrations of FL and concurrent IFN-I signaling. An absence of IFN-I receptor, impairment of IFN-I signaling, or neutralization of IFN-I significantly impeded pDC development from CLPs. Furthermore, FL induced IFN-I expression in CLPs, which in turn induced Flt3 up-regulation that facilitated survival and proliferation of CLPs, as well as their differentiation into pDCs. Collectively, these results define a critical role for the FL/IFN-I/Flt3 axis in pDC differentiation from CLPs.
Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Somatic Versus Pure Depression: A Replication
Authors: Brett Silverstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Using data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, the author attempted to replicate the finding of the National Comorbidity Survey that the prevalence of depression associated with somatic symptoms was much higher among women than men. METHOD: The author reanalyzed data from the ECA study. He divided respondents into those who met criteria for major depression and exhibited appetite and sleep disturbances and fatigue (somatic depression) and those who met depression criteria but did not exhibit all of these somatic criteria (pure depression). RESULTS: The reanalysis revealed that the prevalence of somatic depression but not pure depression was much higher among women than men. Somatic depression was associated with high rates of pain; among women, it was associated with high rates of anxiety disorders and chronic dysphoria. CONCLUSIONS: The gender difference in depression may result from a difference in a specific type of depression—anxious somatic depression.
Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice
Authors: Clarence C Tam, Laura C Rodrigues, Laura Viviani, Julie P Dodds, Meirion R Evans, Paul R Hunter, Jim J Gray, Louise H Letley, Greta Rait, David S Tompkins, Sarah J O'Brien
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate, overall and by organism, the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (IID) in the community, presenting to general practice (GP) and reported to national surveillance. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective, community cohort study and prospective study of GP presentation conducted between April 2008 and August 2009. <h3>Setting</h3> Eighty-eight GPs across the UK recruited from the Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework and the Primary Care Research Networks. <h3>Participants</h3> 6836 participants registered with the 88 participating practices in the community study; 991 patients with UK-acquired IID presenting to one of 37 practices taking part in the GP presentation study. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> IID rates in the community, presenting to GP and reported to national surveillance, overall and by organism; annual IID cases and GP consultations by organism. <h3>Results</h3> The overall rate of IID in the community was 274 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 254 to 296); the rate of GP consultations was 17.7 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 14.4 to 21.8). There were 147 community cases and 10 GP consultations for every case reported to national surveillance. Norovirus was the most common organism, with incidence rates of 47 community cases per 1000 person-years and 2.1 GP consultations per 1000 person-years. <i>Campylobacter</i> was the most common bacterial pathogen, with a rate of 9.3 cases per 1000 person-years in the community, and 1.3 GP consultations per 1000 person-years. We estimate that there are up to 17 million sporadic, community cases of IID and 1 million GP consultations annually in the UK. Of these, norovirus accounts for 3 million cases and 130 000 GP consultations, and <i>Campylobacter</i> is responsible for 500 000 cases and 80 000 GP consultations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> IID poses a substantial community and healthcare burden in the UK. Control efforts must focus particularly on reducing the burden due to <i>Campylobacter</i> and enteric viruses.
Gemcitabine as single agent in pretreated T-cell lymphoma patients: evaluation of the long-term outcome
Authors: P.L. Zinzani, F. Venturini, V. Stefoni, M. Fina, C. Pellegrini, E. Derenzini, L. Gandolfi, A. Broccoli, L. Argnani, F. Quirini, S. Pileri, M. Baccarani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)