tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Illness perception in association with psychological functioning in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: P. Chen, E. Broadbent, C. Coomarasamy, P. Jarrett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) causes scarring and inflammation; it is therefore unsurprising that the psychological impact on patients is considerable.1 Patients' subjective perceptions of their condition may be a better predictor of psychological outcomes than clinician‐based assessments of severity. The common sense model of self‐regulation of health and illness by Leventhal et al. describes the process by which individuals respond to illness.2 Individuals actively try to make sense of symptoms, forming cognitive and emotional representations, which, in turn, determine their subsequent coping behaviour. Perceiving DLE to have more severe effects may increase patients' distress, which may exacerbate disease activity, operating in a negative feedback loop. Asking patients to draw their illness is a useful way to assess their perceptions. Broadbent et al.3 demonstrated that patients' drawings of damage to their heart predicted outcomes following myocardial infarction. Furthermore, patients whose drawings increased in size over the recovery period reported greater anxiety and poorer recovery at follow‐up, suggesting that drawing size indicates the extent to which patients are preoccupied by their illness.4
Potential for Conflict of Interest in the Evaluation of Suspected Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Curt D. Furberg, Wayne A. Ray, Noel S. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextIn recent years, US patients have increasingly been the first to receive new medications, some of which are subsequently discovered to have suspected adverse drug reactions (SADRs). As a result, the challenge of early detection has largely shifted to the US postmarketing systems.ObjectiveTo review the association between the use of cerivastatin sodium and the risk of rhabdomyolysis in an effort to illustrate the operation and limitations of the current US postmarketing safety-surveillance system.Data Sources and SelectionFor the published literature, we used previous reviews and MEDLINE searches from all years through 2003. For the unpublished literature, we used internal company documents that have become part of the public record during a trial in Nueces County, Texas.Data SynthesisIn the published literature, cerivastatin was associated with much larger risks of rhabdomyolysis than other statins. Although only a small percentage of cerivastatin users also took gemfibrozil, approximately half of the case reports of rhabdomyolysis occurred in users of this combination therapy, and a cerivastatin-gemfibrozil interaction was supported by the results of a 3-day pharmacokinetic study. In internal company documents, multiple case reports suggested a drug-drug interaction within approximately 100 days of the launch in 1998; however, the company did not add a contraindication about the concomitant use of cerivastatin and gemfibrozil to the package insert for more than 18 months. Unpublished data available in July 1999 also suggested an increased risk of rhabdomyolysis associated with high doses of cerivastatin monotherapy. In late 1999 and early 2000, company scientists conducted high-quality analyses of the US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system data. These analyses suggested that compared with atorvastatin calcium, cerivastatin monotherapy substantially increased the risk of rhabdomyolysis. To our knowledge, these findings were not disseminated or published. The company continued to conduct safety studies, some of them inadequately designed to assess the risk of rhabdomyolysis, until cerivastatin was removed from the market in August 2001.ConclusionsDespite limitations of the available data, the asymmetry between the information available to the company and the information available to patients and physicians seems striking. A subjective element is present in the effort to infer whether or not the occurrence of untoward outcomes in users of a particular drug was actually the consequence of the use of that drug, and, under the current system, a pharmaceutical company's appraisal of SADRs may be influenced by economic considerations. Such an appraisal would best be made by an independent group. The US Congress should mandate and provide adequate support for independent reviews and analysis of postmarketing data.Published online November 22, 2004 (doi:10.1001/jama.292.21.2622).
Prevalence of Skin Cancer in an Endemic Area of Chronic Arsenicism in Taiwan&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W. P. Tseng, H. M. Chu, S. W. How, J. M. Fong, C. S. Lin, Shu Yeh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

In a limited area on the southwest coast of Taiwan where artesian well water with a high concentration of arsenic has been used for more than 45 years, a high prevalence of chronic arsenic poisoning has been observed in recent years. The total population of this endemic area, which is defined by the presence of both patients and contaminated wells, is approximately 100,000. A general survey of 40,421 inhabitants (19,269 males and 21,152 females) of the area was made. The overall prevalence rates for skin cancer, hyperpigmentation, and keratosis were 10.6, 183.5, and 71.0/1000, respectively. The male-to-female ratio was 2.9: 1 for skin cancer and 1.1: 1 for hyperpigmentation and keratosis, respectively. Generally speaking, the prevalence increased steadily with age in all three conditions, though there was a decline in age groups above 69 in females with cancer or hyperpigmentation. The prevalence rate for skin cancer showed an ascending gradient according to the arsenic content of the well water, i.e., the higher the arsenic content, the more patients with skin cancer. The results were the same for hyperpigmentation and keratosis. Blackfoot disease, so-termed locally, a peripheral vascular disorder resulting in gangrene of the extremities, especially of the feet, had an overall prevalence rate of 8.9/1000. A dose-response relationship between this disease and the amount of arsenic in the well water was similar to that observed for skin cancer. The association of Blackfoot disease with hyperpigmentation, keratosis, and skin cancer was significantly higher than expected. The causal relationship between Blackfoot disease and chronic arsenicism is discussed.
An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: Pulmonary Function Testing in Preschool Children
Authors: Nicole Beydon, Stephanie D. Davis, Enrico Lombardi, Julian L. Allen, Hubertus G. M. Arets, Paul Aurora, Hans Bisgaard, G. Michael Davis, Francine M. Ducharme, Howard Eigen, Monika Gappa, Claude Gaultier, Per M. Gustafsson, Graham L. Hall, Zoltán Hantos, Michael J. R. Healy, Marcus H. Jones, Bent Klug, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, Sheila A. McKenzie, Francçois Marchal, Oscar H. Mayer, Peter J. F. M. Merkus, Mohy G. Morris, Ellie Oostveen, J. Jane Pillow, Paul C. Seddon, Michael Silverman, Peter D. Sly, Janet Stocks, Robert S. Tepper, Daphna Vilozni, Nicola M. Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)
Unstable coronary artery disease: need for long-term antithrombotic treatment? Aspirin alone may not be the ideal antithrombotic strategy, but that's what we have adequate trial data for
Authors: C Patrono
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

There is no doubt that a solid rationale exists for long-term antithrombotic treatment after an episode of coronary instability. This is related to: 

Although aspirin, in doses as low as 75 mg daily, has produced a dramatic reduction in the risk of cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) after an episode of coronary instability (reviewed in [4]), 5–7% of patients with unstable angina will still experience a major cardiovascular event during the first 3 months despite aspirin prophylaxis [1, 2].

What about adding heparin to aspirin in this setting? Three relatively small studies have addressed this question by randomizing unstable angina patients, within 24–72 h after admission, to either aspirin alone or to the combination of aspirin and heparin [2, 5, 6]. Table 1 summarizes the results in terms of the combined end-point of cardiac death or nonfatal MI, after 5–6 days of follow-up. Combined treatment was associated with numerically, though not significantly, lower event …
Asthma control in the workplace
Authors: L.-P. Boulet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Cleaning agents pose particular difficulties for the control of workplace-related asthma symptoms http://ow.ly/q3gsrWorkplace exposures may result, in susceptible workers, in the development of occupational asthma from sensitising or toxic/irritant exposure, or in the worsening of a pre-existing asthmatic condition, so-called ''work-exacerbated asthma'' [1][2][3].Occupational asthma is a relatively common condition, although it is often unrecognised [1,4].Exposure to the sensitising agents can lead to permanent airway changes, so that even when stopped, the majority of workers will still experience persistent asthma symptoms and show residual airway hyperresponsiveness [2][3][4][5].Early cessation from exposure to the offending agent, however, results in a better prognosis, while persistent exposure can lead to more severe asthma and more frequent acute asthma events [5,6].
Effects of guanidine derivatives on mitochondrial function
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Long chain free fatty acids interfere with the inhibitory action of phenethylbiguanide and related compounds on mitochondrial respiration in vitro. This interference depends on binding of fatty acids to mitochondria and diminishes with decreasing chain length. Reversal of guanidine-derivative inhibition by fatty acids differs from that caused by dinitrophenol in that the effect of fatty acid is achieved without alteration in coupling or respiratory control. The binding of phenethylbiguanide to mitochondria is inhibited by both fatty acid and dinitrophenol. Serum albumin potentiates the inhibitory potency of guanidine derivatives, probably by removing endogenous mitochondrial free fatty acids.
Reinfection and Mixed Infection Cause Changing <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Drug-Resistance Patterns
Authors: Annelies van Rie, Thomas C. Victor, Madalene Richardson, Rabia Johnson, Gian D. van der Spuy, Emma J. Murray, Nulda Beyers, Nico C. Gey van Pittius, Paul D. van Helden, Robin M. Warren
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Multiple infections with different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis may occur in settings where the infection pressure is high. The relevance of mixed infections for the patient, clinician, and control program remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to describe reinfection and mixed infection as underlying mechanisms of changing drug-susceptibility patterns in serial sputum cultures. Methods: Serial M. tuberculosis sputum cultures from patients diagnosed with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis were evaluated by phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing and mutation detection methods. Genotypic analysis was done by IS6110 DNA fingerprinting and a novel strain-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification method. Measurements and Main Results: DNA fingerprinting analysis of serial sputum cultures from 48 patients with MDR tuberculosis attributed 10 cases to reinfection and 1 case to mixed infection. In contrast, strain-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification analysis in 9 of the 11 cases demonstrated mixed infection in 5 cases, reinfection in 3 cases, and laboratory contamination in 1 case. Analysis of clinical data suggests that first-line therapy can select for a resistant subpopulation, whereas poor adherence or second-line therapy resulted in the reemergence of the drug-susceptible subpopulations. Conclusions: We have shown that, in some patients with MDR tuberculosis, mixed infection may be responsible for observations attributed to reinfection by DNA fingerprinting. We conclude that treatment and adherence determines which strain is dominant. We hypothesize that treatment with second-line drugs may lead to reemergence of the drug-susceptible strain in patients with mixed infection.
Folate Receptor–Targeted Antioxidant Therapy Ameliorates Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Sarah F. Knight, Kousik Kundu, Giji Joseph, Sergey Dikalov, Daiana Weiss, Niren Murthy, W. Robert Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Antioxidant therapy can protect against ischemic injury, but the inability to selectively target the kidney would require extremely high doses to achieve effective local concentrations of drug. Here, we developed a directed therapeutic that specifically targets an antioxidant to renal proximal tubule cells via the folate receptor. Because a local increase in superoxide contributes to renal ischemic injury, we created the folate-antioxidant conjugate 4-hydroxy-Tempo (tempol)-folate to target folate receptors, which are highly expressed in the proximal tubule. Dihydroethidium high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that conjugated tempol retained its efficacy to scavenge superoxide in proximal tubule cells. In a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, tempol-folate reduced renal superoxide levels more effectively than tempol alone. Furthermore, electron spin resonance revealed the successful targeting of the tempol-folate conjugate to the kidney and other tissues expressing folate receptors. Administration of tempol-folate protected the renal function of mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury and inhibited infiltration of macrophages. In conclusion, kidney-specific targeting of an antioxidant has therapeutic potential to prevent renal ischemic injury. Conjugation of other pharmaceuticals to folate may also facilitate the development of treatments for other kidney diseases.
Transgender Care Moves Into the Mainstream
Authors: Laura Buchholz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adiponectin Stimulates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Hypothalamus and Increases Food Intake
Authors: Naoto Kubota, Wataru Yano, Tetsuya Kubota, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Shinsuke Itoh, Hiroki Kumagai, Hideki Kozono, Iseki Takamoto, Shiki Okamoto, Tetsuya Shiuchi, Ryo Suzuki, Hidemi Satoh, Atsushi Tsuchida, Masao Moroi, Kaoru Sugi, Tetsuo Noda, Hiroyuki Ebinuma, Yoichi Ueta, Tatsuya Kondo, Eiichi Araki, Osamu Ezaki, Ryozo Nagai, Kazuyuki Tobe, Yasuo Terauchi, Kohjiro Ueki, Yasuhiko Minokoshi, Takashi Kadowaki
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Bronchoscopic and percutaneous aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma cell type.
Authors: R M Rudd, A R Gellert, D A Boldy, P R Studdy, M C Pearson, D M Geddes, G Sinha
Journal: Thorax (1982)

The cell type of bronchial carcinoma predicted from the results of bronchial biopsy at fibreoptic or rigid bronchoscopy or of percutaneous aspiration lung biopsy was compared with the type determined by histological examination of specimens obtained by thoracotomy, biopsy of an extrapulmonary metastasis, or necropsy in 180 cases. The rates of agreement with the final diagnosis were 95.7% for bronchial biopsy through the fibreoptic bronchoscope and 86.5% through the rigid bronchoscope. For percutaneous biopsy, which was usually carried out on tumours inaccessible to the bronchoscope, the rate of agreement was 61%, significantly lower than by the other methods (p less than 0.001). The diagnosis of oat-cell carcinoma by any technique was very reliable. Bronchial biopsy was more reliable than was percutaneous biopsy in diagnosing squamous-cell carcinoma. With any technique the commonest error was the incorrect diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma as large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma.
Sorafenib and everolimus for patients with unresectable high-grade osteosarcoma progressing after standard treatment: a non-randomised phase 2 clinical trial
Authors: Giovanni Grignani, Emanuela Palmerini, Virginia Ferraresi, Lorenzo D'Ambrosio, Rossella Bertulli, Sebastian Dorin Asaftei, Angela Tamburini, Ymera Pignochino, Dario Sangiolo, Emanuela Marchesi, Federica Capozzi, Roberto Biagini, Marco Gambarotti, Franca Fagioli, Paolo Giovanni Casali, Piero Picci, Stefano Ferrari, Massimo Aglietta
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
American society of gene therapy (ASGT) ad hoc subcommittee on retroviral-mediated gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Donald B Kohn, Michel Sadelain, Cynthia Dunbar, David Bodine, Hans-Peter Kiem, Fabio Candotti, John Tisdale, Isabelle Riviére, C.Anthony Blau, Robert E Richard, Brian Sorrentino, Jan Nolta, Harry Malech, Malcolm Brenner, Kenneth Cornetta, Joy Cavagnaro, Katherine High, Joseph Glorioso
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Gene transfer using retroviral vectors has been under clinical study for more than 12 years [1]. Many studies have targeted hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as a potentially enduring and renewable source of gene-modified blood cells for the treatment of specific genetic diseases, cancer, leukemia, and HIV-1 infection [2]. Although initial studies were hampered by very low levels of gene transfer to HSCs, incremental progress has been realized in the efficiency of gene transfer to HSCs. These advances have culminated in the report of clinically significant restoration of immunity in patients with the X-linked form of severe combined immune deficiency (XSCID) by Alain Fischer, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo, and colleagues at the Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades in Paris [3].
Regulation of synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids by adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/R2) and insulin receptor substrate isoforms (IRS-1/-2) of the liver in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis animal model
Authors: Tokio Matsunami, Yukita Sato, Satomi Ariga, Takuya Sato, Toshiko Shimomura, Haruka Kashimura, Yuki Hasegawa, Masayoshi Yukawa
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Experimental annotation of the human pathogen Candida albicans coding and noncoding transcribed regions using high-resolution tiling arrays
Authors: Adnane Sellam, Hervé Hogues, Christopher Askew, Faiza Tebbji, Marco van het Hoog, Hugo Lavoie, Carol A Kumamoto, Malcolm Whiteway, André Nantel
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Compared to other model organisms and despite the clinical relevance of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, no comprehensive analysis has been done to provide experimental support of its in silico-based genome annotation. We have undertaken a genome-wide experimental annotation to accurately uncover the transcriptional landscape of the pathogenic yeast C. albicans using strand-specific high-density tiling arrays. RNAs were purified from cells growing under conditions relevant to C. albicans pathogenicity, including biofilm, lab-grown yeast and serum-induced hyphae, as well as cells isolated from the mouse caecum. This work provides a genome-wide experimental validation for a large number of predicted ORFs for which transcription had not been detected by other approaches. Additionally, we identified more than 2,000 novel transcriptional segments, including new ORFs and exons, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as well as convincing cases of antisense gene transcription. We also characterized the 5' and 3' UTRs of expressed ORFs, and established that genes with long 5' UTRs are significantly enriched in regulatory functions controlling filamentous growth. Furthermore, we found that genomic regions adjacent to telomeres harbor a cluster of expressed ncRNAs. To validate and confirm new ncRNA candidates, we adapted an iterative strategy combining both genome-wide occupancy of the different subunits of RNA polymerases I, II and III and expression data. This comprehensive approach allowed the identification of different families of ncRNAs. In summary, we provide a comprehensive expression atlas that covers relevant C. albicans pathogenic developmental stages in addition to the discovery of new ORF and non-coding genetic elements.
Effects of hyperinflation on the oxygen pulse as a marker of cardiac performance in COPD
Authors: C. Vassaux, L. Torre-Bouscoulet, S. Zeineldine, F. Cortopassi, H. Paz-Díaz, B. R. Celli, V. M. Pinto-Plata
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

A decreased inspiratory capacity (IC)/total lung capacity (TLC) ratio is associated with dynamic hyperinflation and decreased exercise capacity. The present authors hypothesised that static (low IC/TLC) and dynamic hyperinflation impair cardiac function as assessed by oxygen pulse at rest and during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Lung function, body mass index, hand grip strength and CPET parameters were measured (oxygen uptake (mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and oxygen pulse (mL x beat(-1))) in 87 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society/Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 3-4) and 46 controls. The patients were divided into those with IC/TLC > 25% or < or = 25%. The IC/TLC ratio at rest and at peak exercise was associated significantly with oxygen pulse. Patients with IC/TLC < or = 25% (n = 45) had significantly lower exercise capacity, peak oxygen pulse, peak minus baseline oxygen pulse, peak IC, peak IC/TLC ratio and % change from baseline to peak IC/TLC ratio compared with patients with IC/TLC > 25% and controls. During CPET, the oxygen pulse was lower at iso-work in patients with IC/TLC < or = 25% than in those with IC/TLC > 25%. Resting hyperinflation (inspiratory capacity/total lung capacity) is associated with lower oxygen pulse, peak exercise inspiratory capacity/total lung capacity and exercise capacity in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present results support an interaction between hyperinflation and decreased cardiac function that may contribute to exercise limitation in these patients.
Single-Molecule Tracking in Living Cells Using Single Quantum Dot Applications
Authors: Koichi Baba, Kohji Nishida
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Revealing the behavior of single molecules in living cells is very useful for understanding cellular events. Quantum dot probes are particularly promising tools for revealing how biological events occur at the single molecule level both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will introduce how single quantum dot applications are used for single molecule tracking. We will discuss how single quantum dot tracking has been used in several examples of complex biological processes, including membrane dynamics, neuronal function, selective transport mechanisms of the nuclear pore complex, and in vivo real-time observation. We also briefly discuss the prospects for single molecule tracking using advanced probes.