tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Myocardial Infarction in Women Without Angiographically Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Harmony R. Reynolds, Monvadi B. Srichai, Sohah N. Iqbal, James N. Slater, G.B. John Mancini, Frederick Feit, Ivan Pena-Sing, Leon Axel, Michael J. Attubato, Leonid Yatskar, Rebecca T. Kalhorn, David A. Wood, Iryna V. Lobach, Judith S. Hochman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— There is no angiographically demonstrable obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in a significant minority of patients with myocardial infarction, particularly women. We sought to determine the mechanism(s) of myocardial infarction in this setting using multiple imaging techniques. Methods and Results— Women with myocardial infarction were enrolled prospectively, before angiography, if possible. Women with ≥50% angiographic stenosis or use of vasospastic agents were excluded. Intravascular ultrasound was performed during angiography; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 1 week. Fifty women (age, 57±13 years) had median peak troponin of 1.60 ng/mL; 11 had ST-segment elevation. Median diameter stenosis of the worst lesion was 20% by angiography; 15 patients (30%) had normal angiograms. Plaque disruption was observed in 16 of 42 patients (38%) undergoing intravascular ultrasound. There were abnormal myocardial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in 26 of 44 patients (59%) undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in 17 patients, and T2 signal hyperintensity indicating edema in 9 additional patients. The most common LGE pattern was ischemic (transmural/subendocardial). Nonischemic LGE patterns (midmyocardial/subepicardial) were also observed. Although LGE was infrequent with plaque disruption, T2 signal hyperintensity was common with plaque disruption. Conclusions— Plaque rupture and ulceration are common in women with myocardial infarction without angiographically demonstrable obstructive coronary artery disease. In addition, LGE is common in this cohort of women, with an ischemic pattern of injury most evident. Vasospasm and embolism are possible mechanisms of ischemic LGE without plaque disruption. Intravascular ultrasound and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provide complementary mechanistic insights into female myocardial infarction patients without obstructive coronary artery disease and may be useful in identifying potential causes and therapies. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00798122.
THE EFFECT OF SINGLE AND REPEATED APPLICATIONS OF HEXCHLOROPHANE ON THE BACTERIAL FLORA OF THE SKIN OF THE NEWBORN
Authors: I. SARKANY, LYNN ARNOLD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY. It has been shown previously that suppression of clinical pyogenic infection in infants as well as a reduction of the resident skin flora follows the application of hexachlorophane. In this study, the skin flora of 55 newborn babies was examined in 6 sites before and after washing the skin with soap and water and with single and repeated applications of hexachlorophane respectively. Marked suppression of the resident skin flora (diphtheroids and Staphylococcus albus) and of Staph. aureus followed the use of both single and daily applications of hexachlorophane, the effect being more marked and prolonged with the repeated use of hexachlorophane. No significant effect on streptococci and E. col i was seen but an increase of proteus followed the use of hexachlorophane. No irritation of the skin or other side effects attributable to hexachlorophane were observed.
ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY ARTERIAL LESION SEVERITY BY CT ANGIOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION ABNORMALITIES BY SPECT: INSIGHTS FROM THE CORE320 MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Julie Miller, Richard George, Andrea Vavere, Yutaka Tanami, Frank Rybicki, John Hoe, Hiroyuki Niinuma, Marc Dewey, Klaus Kofoed, Melvin Clouse, Jeffrey Brinker, Christopher Cox, Marcelo Di Carli, Joao Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effect of Penicillin Treatment on Serum Complement Levels in Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: A. F. Schubart, H. J. Rothschild, W. C. Schroeder, R. W. Ewald, J. D. Tuerk
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1963)

Serum complement levels are determined in various diseases for two main reasons: first, any deviation from normal may be used for differential value of -= 0 02.n Sterile sheep cells in Alsever's solution and lyophilized guinea-pig complement were obtained from the Cappell Laboratories, West Chester, Pennsylvania.The various serum specimens of every patient with acute rheumatic fever were stored at -70°C.Deter- mination of complement levels of all specimens of the same patient was performed simultaneously by the same investigator with a standardized technique, including the daily determination of the complement level of a control 319 copyright.
Study of doctors' smoking habits shows links to 11 types of cancer
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Eleven types of cancer are significantly related to smoking, according to data from a 50 year study of more than 30 000 male British doctors.

And at least two other types of cancer may be linked to the habit, according to the latest analysis of deaths among 34 439 doctors who first reported their smoking habits at the end of 1951, says the study, which was published online ahead of print publication on 25 January in the British Journal of Cancer (www.bjcancer.com/, doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602359).

“In all, 11 of the 13 types in men that the …
Asylum seekers run high risk of detention in Britain
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

More than half the 700 people currently seeking asylum in Britain are being held in detention centres, even though they have done nothing wrong, says the Refugee Council. The council held a conference in London last week to highlight the health needs of people seeking asylum and refugees. Common problems include was injuries and infectious diseases, to which are being added the stresses of up to a year's detention pending a decision.

The council's settlement services director, Kate Allen, said that “we have also seen an increasing number of negative decisions made about their future since the new Asylum and Immigration Appeals Act …
Evaluation of the Association between Arsenic and Diabetes: A National Toxicology Program Workshop Review
Authors: Elizabeth A. Maull, Habibul Ahsan, Joshua Edwards, Matthew P. Longnecker, Ana Navas-Acien, Jingbo Pi, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Miroslav Styblo, Chin-Hsiao Tseng, Kristina A. Thayer, Dana Loomis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Diabetes affects an estimated 346 million persons globally, and total deaths from diabetes are projected to increase > 50% in the next decade. Understanding the role of environmental chemicals in the development or progression of diabetes is an emerging issue in environmental health. In 2011, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) organized a workshop to assess the literature for evidence of associations between certain chemicals, including inorganic arsenic, and diabetes and/or obesity to help develop a focused research agenda. This review is derived from discussions at that workshop.Our objectives were to assess the consistency, strength/weaknesses, and biological plausibility of findings in the scientific literature regarding arsenic and diabetes and to identify data gaps and areas for future evaluation or research. The extent of the existing literature was insufficient to consider obesity as an outcome.Studies related to arsenic and diabetes or obesity were identified through PubMed and supplemented with relevant studies identified by reviewing the reference lists in the primary literature or review articles.Existing human data provide limited to sufficient support for an association between arsenic and diabetes in populations with relatively high exposure levels (≥ 150 µg arsenic/L in drinking water). The evidence is insufficient to conclude that arsenic is associated with diabetes in lower exposure (< 150 µg arsenic/L drinking water), although recent studies with better measures of outcome and exposure support an association. The animal literature as a whole was inconclusive; however, studies using better measures of diabetes-relevant end points support a link between arsenic and diabetes.
Pathophysiological differences between paired and communal breeding of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.
Authors: B C Wexler, B P Greenberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

Sexually mature, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in large communal breeding cages or in smaller paired breeding cages. Virgin control rats of the same age were housed similarly but segregated by sex. Breeders became obese, developed a fatty liver, and showed elevated levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Breeders had high blood pressure, enlarged hearts, hyperglycemia, and islet beta cell degranulation. Serum enzymes, creatine phosphokinase, serum glutamic oxalo-pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen levels were elevated in breeder rats. The adrenal glands of male breeders appeared hyperactive; the adrenal glands of female breeders were thrombosed and appeared to be hypoactive. Male breeder rats developed microscopic aortic lesions only; female breeders developed advanced calcific aortic sclerosis. Male breeders kept in active stud service manifested the most abnormal metabolic and pathophysiological changes. Female breeders developed similar pathophysiological changes after four pregnancies, irrespective of their paired or communal breeding environment. Virgin rats were normal regardless of housing conditions. Our findings suggest that repeated breeding in male and female rats causes resetting of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis. This may lead to disturbed hormonal and metabolic changes which culminate with the development of accelerated cardiovascular degenerative changes.
Effect of sulphasalazine in patients with active Crohn's disease: a controlled double-blind study.
Authors: P A Van Hees, H J Van Lier, P H Van Elteren, M Driessen, R A Van Hogezand, G P Ten Velde, J H Bakker, J H Van Tongeren
Journal: Gut (1981)

The response of active Crohn's disease to sulphasalazine (4-6 g per day) has been studied in a placebo-controlled trial. The study was carried out at two hospitals. From August 1977 to August 1979 all patients with established Crohn's disease were examined for their eligibility for the trial. A nine-item index of inflammatory activity was used as the primary measure of response. The variables in this index were serum albumin, ESR, body weight released to height, abdominal mass, temperature, stool consistency, bowel resection, and extraintestinal symptoms related to Crohn's disease. A favourable response to therapy was defined as a decrease of the activity index with 25% or more at the end of the trial period, compared with the initial value. Twenty-six patients (13 in each treatment group) have been followed up for six months. The response of active Crohn's disease to sulphasalazine was significantly better than to placebo.
Update on Kaposi's sarcoma and other HHV8 associated diseases. Part 2: pathogenesis, Castleman's disease, and pleural effusion lymphoma
Authors: Ulrich R Hengge, Thomas Ruzicka, Stephen K Tyring, Martin Stuschke, Michael Roggendorf, Robert A Schwartz, Siegfried Seeber
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2002)
The Effect of Dietary Protein Restriction on the Progression of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Renal Diseases
Authors: Michael T. Pedrini
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Dietary protein has long been thought to play a role in the progression of chronic renal disease, but clinical trials to date have not consistently shown that dietary protein restriction is beneficial.To use meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of dietary protein restriction in previously published studies of diabetic and nondiabetic renal diseases, including the recently completed Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study.The English-language medical literature published from January 1966 through December 1994 was searched for studies examining the effect of low-protein diets in humans with chronic renal disease. A total of 1413 patients in five studies on nondiabetic renal disease (mean length of follow-up, 18 to 36 months) and 108 patients in five studies of type I diabetes mellitus (mean length of follow-up, 9 to 35 months) were included.Randomized, controlled studies were selected for nondiabetic renal disease; randomized, controlled studies or time-controlled studies with nonrandomized crossover design were selected for diabetic nephropathy.Data in tables, figures, or text were independently extracted by two of the authors.The relative risk for progression of renal disease in patients receiving a low-protein diet compared with patients receiving a usual-protein diet was calculated by using a random-effects model. In five studies of nondiabetic renal disease, a low-protein diet significantly reduced the risk for renal failure or death (relative risk, 0.67 [95% Cl, 0.50 to 0.89]). In five studies of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a low-protein diet significantly slowed the increase in urinary albumin level or the decline in glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance (relative risk, 0.56 [Cl, 0.40 to 0.77]). Tests for heterogeneity showed no significant differences in relative risk among studies of either diabetic or nondiabetic renal disease. No significant differences were seen between diet groups in pooled mean arterial blood pressure (diabetic and nondiabetic patients) or glycosylated hemoglobin level (diabetic patients only).Dietary protein restriction effectively slows the progression of both diabetic and nondiabetic renal diseases.
VENOUS ANGIOMA OF SKIN SHOWING BEGINNING MALIGNANCY.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY AT THE FIFTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SESSION, HELD AT ATLANTIC CITY, JUNE, 1907.
Authors: RALPH R. CAMPBELL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In recent years, for no good and sufficient reason, the interesting subject of venous angioma has been almost entirely, if not absolutely, neglected by the dermatologist, and in consequence of this the field has been appropriated by the general surgeon. I trust that bringing the subject to your attention again may result not only in reclaiming a subject which rightfully belongs to the dermatologist, but in stimulating original work on it to such an extent that in the future our text-books will not neglect entirely a condition which is of so much importance to the dermatologist. Through the courtesy of my colleague, Dr. M. L. Harris, I have had the opportunity of studying the following interesting case: <h3>Patient.</h3> —J. W. H., civil engineer, American, aged 38, mar ried. <h3>Family History.</h3> —Father, 70 years old, living and well. Mother died, at the age of 69, of tumor of the stomach, probably
Report condemns NHS complaints procedure
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

An independent study by the Public Law Project, a national legal charity, has identified serious failings in the NHS's complaints procedure and called for urgent reform.

The procedure, introduced in April 1996 after an inquiry by the Department of Health, is a two stage process in which resolution at the local level is attempted initially. If the complainant is still dissatisfied, a convenor decides whether further action is needed: the complaint may be referred back for another attempt at local resolution or it may proceed to an independent review panel.

With funding from the National Lottery Charities Board, researchers from the Public Law Project used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods …
Aortic Stenosis and Mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: CHARLES S. WILSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

A 43-year-old man had severe aortic stenosis and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis, type VI). Aortic-valve replacement gave a good long-term result. Information was obtained indicating that his two brothers had also had mucopolysaccharidosis and aortic stenosis and that both had died of cardiac disease. This paper reviews the literature on cardiac involvement in mucopolysaccharidosis.
Thoracoabdominal mechanics during tidal breathing in normal subjects and in emphysema and fibrosing alveolitis.
Authors: N J Brennan, A J Morris, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Thoracoabdominal motion and intrathoracic (oesophageal), intra-abdominal (gastric), and transdiaphragmatic pressures were measured during tidal breathing in 20 erect subjects--six normal, seven, with emphysema, and seven with fibrosing alveolitis. In normal subjects all diameters increased synchronously during inspiration and were accompanied by rises in abdominal and transdiaphragmatic pressures. Five patients with fibrosing alveolitis showed a reduction in upper ribcage motion, but normal lower ribcage and abdominal motion; stiff fibrotic lungs may sometimes impair the ability of the diaphragm to expand the upper ribcage and result in proportionally more expansion of the bases. Four emphysematous patients showed increased anteroposterior motion of the ribcage and four showed paradoxical inward motion of the lower ribcage during inspiration. These changes apparently result from increased activity of intercostal and accessory muscles and altered configuration of the diaphragm. The muscles of patients with large, overinflated lungs are at a greater disadvantage than those with small fibrosed lungs.
Neurobehavioral Evaluation in Humans Exposed to Hydrocarbons: A New Statistical Approach
Authors: C. Abbate, C. Giorgianni, F. Munaò, F. Pesarin, L. Salmaso
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

Epidemiological researches showed a significant increase in the alterations of the cognitive and emotional sphere in subjects exposed to hydrocarbons. This paper deals with a study carried out on a group of male workers between the ages of 35 and 40, who had been working as external workers in a large refinery.All the subjects worked in short shift rotation and were exposed to hydrocarbons during the loading of tank trucks. The response data reported by this investigation are compared to data of different male subjects who had also been working at the refinery for the same period of time, but as administrative day workers, and were certainly not exposed to the hydrocarbons. The nonparametric statistical analysis was carried out by a new nonparametric approach based on multivariate permutation tests.Results show a significant difference in the response to neurobehavioral tests. The exposed group showed behavioral tendencies towards anxiety and depression that the nonexposed group did not.The study shows that occupational exposure to hydrocarbons is associated with neurobehavioral modifications, and that the use of psychometric tests can be useful for monitoring the psychosomatic consequences by exposure to hydrocarbon microdoses.
Cost Effectiveness of Primary Pegfilgrastim Prophylaxis in Patients With Breast Cancer at Risk of Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Maureen J. Aarts, Janneke P. Grutters, Frank P. Peters, Caroline M. Mandigers, M. Wouter Dercksen, Jacqueline M. Stouthard, Hans J. Nortier, Hanneke W. van Laarhoven, Laurence J. van Warmerdam, Agnes J. van de Wouw, Esther M. Jacobs, Vera Mattijssen, Carin C. van der Rijt, Tineke J. Smilde, Annette W. van der Velden, Mehmet Temizkan, Erdogan Batman, Erik W. Muller, Saskia M. van Gastel, Manuela A. Joore, George F. Borm, Vivianne C. Tjan-Heijnen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose Guidelines advise primary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis during chemotherapy if risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) is more than 20%, but this comes with considerable costs. We investigated the incremental costs and effects between two treatment strategies of primary pegfilgrastim prophylaxis. Methods Our economic evaluation used a health care perspective and was based on a randomized study in patients with breast cancer with increased risk of FN, comparing primary G-CSF prophylaxis throughout all chemotherapy cycles (G-CSF 1-6 cycles) with prophylaxis during the first two cycles only (G-CSF 1-2 cycles). Primary outcome was cost effectiveness expressed as costs per patient with episodes of FN prevented. Results The incidence of FN increased from 10% in the G-CSF 1 to 6 cycles study arm (eight of 84 patients) to 36% in the G-CSF 1 to 2 cycles study arm (30 of 83 patients), whereas the mean total costs decreased from € 20,658 (95% CI, € 20,049 to € 21,247) to € 17,168 (95% CI € 16,239 to € 18,029) per patient, respectively. Chemotherapy and G-CSF determined 80% of the total costs. As expected, FN-related costs were higher in the G-CSF 1 to 2 cycles arm. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio for the G-CSF 1 to 6 cycles arm compared with the G-CSF 1 to 2 cycles arm was € 13,112 per patient with episodes of FN prevented. Conclusion We conclude that G-CSF prophylaxis throughout all chemotherapy cycles is more effective, but more costly, compared with prophylaxis limited to the first two cycles. Whether G-CSF prophylaxis throughout all chemotherapy cycles is considered cost effective depends on the willingness to pay per patient with episodes of FN prevented.
Relation of Personality and Emotional Factors to Myocardial Ischemia, Methodology and First Observations
Authors: C. Papageorgiou, L. Anthopoulos, D. Mitsimbounas, E. Kontou, G. Vrouchos, M. Benrubi, S. Moulopoulos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

Within the framework of a multifacet and long term research on coronary heart disease, the possible influence of psychological factors on the disease was investigated. All coronary patients admitted to the Department are examined in special sessions. The examination is concerned with the personality structure, psychiatric or psychological abnormalities regarding living conditions, emotional factors, habits, etc. The whole study is conducted in a more or less typified way. It is the purpose of this paper to describe mainly this methodology and report preliminary results from the analysis of the first 180 patients. The reported data are compared with those from a central group of 20 'normal' controls and are compared statistically.
Death in Childbirth: An International Study of Maternal Care and Maternal Mortality 1800-1950
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: JAMA (1994)

At first glance this is an imposing and intimidating book, over 600 pages with six appendices and scores of tables. It is enough to frighten all but the most intrepid reader. But first impressions in this case are deceiving. From its imaginative preface to the final appendix, this voluminous study of maternal mortality is a landmark work in the history of medicine. Few writers could put so much statistical and social data into such engaging prose. Thus, this learned book turns out to be very good reading. Dr Loudon, who for many years was in general practice in England and is the author of a previously highly acclaimed book about the origins of general practice in Britain, has with great skill told many good stories, and he has clearly explained many trends and developments. It is thus a fine example of what medicine, particularly obstetrics, was all about. Loudon believes