tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF C-TYPE VIRAL GENE PRODUCTS OF VIRUS-NEGATIVE MOUSE CELLS
Authors: John R. Stephenson, Steven R. Tronick, Roberta K. Reynolds, Stuart A. Aaronson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Antigens which immunologically cross-react with two mouse C-type viral polypeptides, p30 and p12, are present at very low levels in normal virus-negative mouse cells. These two antigens have been purified by 50-300-fold from cell extracts and shown to cochromatograph with the corresponding labeled viral polypeptides in several systems. Their type-specific antigenicities are shown to be distinct from those of previously tested MuLV isolates suggesting that they may be components of a new class of endogenous C-type virus. The methods utilized in the present studies for concentration of virus-specific antigens of normal mouse cells provide an approach for detection of C-type viral antigens in cells of other species.
Molecular analysis of insertion/deletion mutations in protein 4.1 in elliptocytosis. II. Determination of molecular genetic origins of rearrangements.
Authors: J Conboy, S Marchesi, R Kim, P Agre, Y W Kan, N Mohandas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Protein 4.1 is an approximately 80-kD structural protein in the membrane skeleton which underlies and supports the erythrocyte plasma membrane. The preceding companion paper presents a biochemical study of two abnormal protein 4.1 species from individuals with the red blood cell disorder, hereditary elliptocytosis. These variants, "protein 4.1(68/65)" and "protein 4.1(95)," have altered molecular weights due to internal deletions and duplications apparently localized around the spectrin-actin binding domain. Here we use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to clone and sequence the corresponding mutant reticulocyte mRNAs, and correlate the deletion/duplication end points with exon boundaries of the gene. Protein 4.1(68/65) mRNA lacks sequences encoding the functionally important spectrin-actin binding domain due to a 240 nucleotide (nt) deletion spanning the codons for Lys407-Gly486. Protein 4.1(95) mRNA encodes a protein with two spectrin-actin binding domains by virtue of a 369 nt duplication of codons for Lys407-Gln529. These deletions and duplications correspond to gene rearrangements involving three exons encoding 21, 59, and 43 amino acids, respectively. The duplicated 21 amino acid exon in the 4.1(95) gene retains its proper tissue-specific expression pattern, being spliced into reticulocyte 4.1 mRNA and out of lymphocyte 4.1 mRNA.
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: is the "half-night polysomnography" an adequate method for evaluating sleep profile and respiratory events?
Authors: F Fanfulla, V Patruno, C Bruschi, C Rampulla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Recently, to reduce the costs of polysomnography, split-night studies have been introduced into routine practice: the first part of the night is used to make the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and the second part to achieve an appropriate level of continuous positive airway pressure. Since this split-night protocol has not yet been validated by the comparison of polysomnographic pictures obtained in the first and second parts of the night, the aim of this study was to evaluate sleep profile and respiratory disturbances in the first part (PSG1) and second (PSG2) portion of a standard full-night polysomnographic examination (PSGtot) in a group of OSAS patients. Twenty nine consecutive OSAS patients, aged 54+/-10 yrs; body mass index (BMI) 40+/-6 kg x m(-2) (mean+/-SD values), were studied by separate analyses of PSG1, PSG2 and PSGtot. PSG1 was found to have a low sensitivity value (66%). A significant difference was found between apnoea-hypopnoea indices (AHI) recorded in PSG1, PSG2 and PSGtot (mean+/-SD, AHI1 33+/-27, AHI2 45+/-28, AHItot 40+/-25 events x h(-1), respectively; p&lt;0.01). A strong correlation was observed between AHItot and AHI1 (r=0.89) and between AHItot and AHI2 (r=0.92), but a weaker correlation between AHI1 and AHI2 (r=0.66). These correlations became weaker when patients were subdivided into two different classes on the basis of disease severity. PSG1 was representative of PSGtot and similar to PSG2 only in those patients with rapid eye movement (REM) phase sleep in the first part of the night. We conclude that split-night protocols are not appropriate for evaluating sleep-disordered breathing in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients when rapid eye movement phase sleep does not occur in the first part of the night.
Nucleolar organiser regions as a marker of growth rate in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
Authors: S Abe, N Sukoh, S Ogura, H Kunikane, N Watanabe, I Nakajima, H Takekawa, Y Kawakami
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: The numbers of nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) per cell has been considered as an indicator of the cellular proliferative activity. A study was carried out to examine whether AgNOR numbers relate to the growth rate in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. METHODS: AgNORs were stained by a one step silver method, and examined in representative paraffin sections from 45 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung treated by surgical resection of the primary tumour. RESULTS: The mean (SD) AgNOR numbers per cell in squamous cell carcinomas (5.3 (0.9)) were significantly higher than those in normal bronchial epithelium (1.2 (0.1)). There was no statistical difference among tumours of different post-surgical stages (stage I = 5.2 (0.8), II = 5.9 (1.4), III A = 5.5 (1.3)). The tumour volume doubling time in these cases ranged from 74 to 208 days (120.7 (40.4)). There was a high inverse correlation between the AgNOR numbers and doubling time. CONCLUSION: The AgNOR numbers were related to the growth rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Thus the AgNOR count could be used as a useful marker for investigating the cellular proliferative activity.
Systemic vasculitis with bilateral perirenal haemorrhage in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Authors: E. Aslangul-Castier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

The cases of two patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia associated with periarteritis nodosa-like, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody negative, systemic vasculitis, are reported. A 61 year old man was admitted with fever, diffuse myalgia, and abdominal pain. Blood and bone marrow examination showed chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Vasculitis of the gall bladder was responsible for acalculous cholecystitis. A massive spontaneous bilateral perirenal haemorrhage occurred. A 73 year old woman with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia had been followed up for one year when unexplained fever occurred. Two months after the onset of fever, sudden abdominal pain was ascribed to spontaneous bilateral renal haematoma related to bilateral renal arterial aneurysms. Neuromuscular biopsy showed non-necrotising periarteriolar inflammation. To our knowledge, systemic vasculitis has never been reported in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. In our two cases a non-random association is suggested because (a) chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia is a rare myelodysplastic syndrome, (b) spontaneous bilateral perirenal haematoma is not a usual feature of periarteritis nodosa.
Mouthguards, an evaluation of two types for Rugby players.
Authors: N Upson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

At the beginning of the 1983/84 Rugby season a dental examination was carried out on 120 players, 55 of whom were fitted with the mouth-fitted type of mouthguard and 65 the laboratory-made type of mouthguard. At the end of the season only 98 players were available for the completion of the study. A further dental examination showed that there was no damage to the teeth when either type of mouthguard was worn. Variations in the attitudes of the players to each type of mouthguard were also recorded.
Normalization of Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Data: A Model-Based Variance Estimation Approach to Identify Genes Suited for Normalization, Applied to Bladder and Colon Cancer Data Sets
Authors: Claus Lindbjerg Andersen, Jens Ledet Jensen, Torben Falck Ørntoft
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Accurate normalization is an absolute prerequisite for correct measurement of gene expression. For quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the most commonly used normalization strategy involves standardization to a single constitutively expressed control gene. However, in recent years, it has become clear that no single gene is constitutively expressed in all cell types and under all experimental conditions, implying that the expression stability of the intended control gene has to be verified before each experiment. We outline a novel, innovative, and robust strategy to identify stably expressed genes among a set of candidate normalization genes. The strategy is rooted in a mathematical model of gene expression that enables estimation not only of the overall variation of the candidate normalization genes but also of the variation between sample subgroups of the sample set. Notably, the strategy provides a direct measure for the estimated expression variation, enabling the user to evaluate the systematic error introduced when using the gene. In a side-by-side comparison with a previously published strategy, our model-based approach performed in a more robust manner and showed less sensitivity toward coregulation of the candidate normalization genes. We used the model-based strategy to identify genes suited to normalize quantitative RT-PCR data from colon cancer and bladder cancer. These genes are UBC, GAPD, and TPT1 for the colon and HSPCB, TEGT, and ATP5B for the bladder. The presented strategy can be applied to evaluate the suitability of any normalization gene candidate in any kind of experimental design and should allow more reliable normalization of RT-PCR data.
Randomised vaccine trial of single dose of killed Leishmania major plus BCG against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bam, Iran
Authors: Iraj Sharifi, Ali Reza Fekri, Mohammad-Reza Aflatonian, Ali Khamesipour, Abolhassan Nadim, Mohammad-Reza Ahmadi Mousavi, Ali Z Momeni, Yahya Dowlati, Tore Godal, Fabio Zicker, Peter G Smith, Farrokh Modabber
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Progression and Tumor Heterogeneity Analysis in Early Rectal Cancer
Authors: Esther H. Lips, Ronald van Eijk, Eelco J.R. de Graaf, Pascal G. Doornebosch, Noel F.C.C. de Miranda, Jan Oosting, Tom Karsten, Paul H.C. Eilers, Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Tom van Wezel, Hans Morreau
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Adequate preoperative staging of large sessile rectal tumors requires identifying adenomas that already contain an invasive focus, specifically those that are growing in or beyond the submucosa. We systematically compared chromosomal instability patterns in adenoma and carcinoma fractions of the same lesion to assess specific steps in rectal tumor progression. Experimental Design: We analyzed 36 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors. Both the adenoma and carcinoma fractions were typed with single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and compared with 21 previously described pure adenomas. Eighteen cases were included in an intratumor heterogeneity analysis. Results: Five specific “malignant” events (gain of 8q, 13q, and 20q and loss of 17p and 18q) and aberrant staining for p53 and SMAD4 were all increased in the adenoma fractions of carcinoma cases compared with pure adenomas. Paired analysis revealed that 31% of the samples had an equal amount of malignant aberrations in their adenoma and carcinoma fractions, whereas 25% had one and 33% had two or more extra malignant events in the carcinoma fraction. Analysis of three core biopsies per patient showed a large degree of intratumor heterogeneity. However, the number of malignant aberrations in the biopsy with the most aberrations per tumor correlated with the corresponding adenoma or carcinoma fraction (r = 0.807; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Five specific chromosomal aberrations, combined with immunohistochemistry for p53 and SMAD4, can predict possible progression of sessile rectal adenomas to early rectal cancer and can, after validation studies, be added to preoperative staging. Preferably, three biopsies should be taken from each tumor to address intratumor heterogeneity.
Reduced sodium current in GABAergic interneurons in a mouse model of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy
Authors: Frank H Yu, Massimo Mantegazza, Ruth E Westenbroek, Carol A Robbins, Franck Kalume, Kimberly A Burton, William J Spain, G Stanley McKnight, Todd Scheuer, William A Catterall
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)
Early postpartum metabolic assessment in women with prior gestational diabetes.
Authors: F Pallardo, L Herranz, T Garcia-Ingelmo, C Grande, P Martin-Vaquero, M Jañez, A Gonzalez
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To present the results of early postpartum metabolic assessment in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), to determine predictive factors for subsequent diabetes, and to investigate the association of postpartum glucose tolerance with other components of the metabolic syndrome.A total of 788 women were evaluated 3-6 months after a GDM pregnancy. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, BMI, and body fat distribution were assessed. Clinical and obstetric history, baseline variables at the diagnosis of GDM, metabolic control during pregnancy, and index pregnancy outcome were compared in women with diabetes and women without diabetes (American Diabetes Association [ADA] criteria) after pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain independent predictors of subsequent diabetes. Correlation coefficients were assessed between postpartum glucose tolerance and lipid levels, blood pressure, BMI, and body fat distribution.According to ADA criteria, 588 (74.6%) women were normal, 46 (5.8%) had impaired fasting glucose, 82 (10.4%) had impaired glucose tolerance, 29 (3.7%) had both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, and 43 (5.4%) had diabetes. Prepregnancy obesity, recurrence of GDM, gestational age at diagnosis of GDM, glucose values in the 100-g OGTT, number of abnormal values in the 100-g OGTT, fasting C-peptide levels in pregnancy, C-peptide/glucose score in pregnancy, insulin requirement in pregnancy, 3rd trimester HbA1c levels, and macrosomia differed significantly in women with subsequent diabetes. Independent predictors of postpartum diabetes were prepregnancy obesity, C-peptide/glucose score during pregnancy, and the number of abnormal values in the 100-g diagnostic OGTT. The area under the postpartum glucose curve was positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures.Low C-peptide/glucose score during pregnancy together with prepregnancy obesity and severity of GDM (number of abnormal values in the 100-g diagnostic OGTT) are independent predictors of subsequent diabetes. Our data suggest that regardless of obesity and severity of GDM, a beta-cell defect increases the risk of postpartum diabetes. The association of postpartum glucose tolerance with triglyceride levels, blood pressure, obesity, and regional distribution of body fat suggests that postpartum glucose intolerance anticipates a high-risk cardiovascular profile that comprises other risk factors besides diabetes.
Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo
Authors: Jonathan Viventi, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Leif Vigeland, Eric S Frechette, Justin A Blanco, Yun-Soung Kim, Andrew E Avrin, Vineet R Tiruvadi, Suk-Won Hwang, Ann C Vanleer, Drausin F Wulsin, Kathryn Davis, Casey E Gelber, Larry Palmer, Jan Van der Spiegel, Jian Wu, Jianliang Xiao, Yonggang Huang, Diego Contreras, John A Rogers, Brian Litt
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
What are emotions and how are they created in the brain?
Authors: Kristen A. Lindquist, Tor D. Wager, Eliza Bliss-Moreau, Hedy Kober, Lisa Feldman Barrett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract In our response, we clarify important theoretical differences between basic emotion and psychological construction approaches. We evaluate the empirical status of the basic emotion approach, addressing whether it requires brain localization, whether localization can be observed with better analytic tools, and whether evidence for basic emotions exists in other types of measures. We then revisit the issue of whether the key hypotheses of psychological construction are supported by our meta-analytic findings. We close by elaborating on commentator suggestions for future research.
VentX, a Novel Lymphoid-Enhancing Factor/T-Cell Factor–Associated Transcription Repressor, Is a Putative Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Hong Gao, Yi Le, Xiaoming Wu, Leslie E. Silberstein, Roger W. Giese, Zhenglun Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Lymphoid-enhancing factor/T-cell factors (LEF1/TCF) are a high-mobility group of transcriptional factors that play essential roles in cell fate determination during early embryogenesis and ontogenesis. Aberrant activations of LEF1/TCF-mediated transcription have been implicated in a variety of malignancies. Our recent studies on vertebrate embryogenesis identified Xom, a homeobox protein of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 pathway, as a novel LEF/TCF-associated transcriptional modulator. Here, we report that VentX, a human Xom homologue, is a LEF/TCF-associated inhibitor of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and a negative regulator of cell proliferation. VentX is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, and its expression is significantly downregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Altered expression of VentX is associated with corresponding changes of LEF/TCF target oncogenes such as cyclin D1, suggesting a potential role of VentX in the clinical behavior of hematopoietic malignancies.
Endoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of early gastric cancer
Authors: H Ono
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> In Japan, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is accepted as a treatment option for cases of early gastric cancer (EGC) where the probability of lymph node metastasis is low. The results of EMR for EGC at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, over a 11 year period are presented. <h3>METHODS</h3> EMR was applied to patients with early cancers up to 30 mm in diameter that were of a well or moderately histologically differentiated type, and were superficially elevated and/or depressed (types I, IIa, and IIc) but without ulceration or definite signs of submucosal invasion. The resected specimens were carefully examined by serial sections at 2 mm intervals, and if histopathology revealed submucosal invasion and/or vessel involvement or if the resection margin was not clear, surgery was recommended. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Four hundred and seventy nine cancers in 445 patients were treated by EMR from 1987 to 1998 but submucosal invasion was found on subsequent pathological examination in 74 tumours. Sixty nine percent of intramucosal cancers (278/405) were resected with a clear margin. Of 127 cancers without “complete resection”, 14 underwent an additional operation and nine were treated endoscopically; the remainder had intensive follow up. Local recurrence in the stomach occurred in 17 lesions followed conservatively, in one lesion treated endoscopically, and in five lesions with complete resection. All tumours were diagnosed by follow up endoscopy and subsequently treated by surgery. There were no gastric cancer related deaths during a median follow up period of 38 months (3–120 months). Bleeding and perforation (5%) were two major complications of EMR but there were no treatment related deaths. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> In our experience, EMR allows us to perform less invasive treatment without sacrificing the possibility of cure.
Association of matrix metalloproteinase 2 plasma level with response and survival in patients treated with bevacizumab for recurrent high-grade glioma
Authors: Emeline Tabouret, Françoise Boudouresque, Maryline Barrie, Mona Matta, Celine Boucard, Anderson Loundou, Antoine Carpentier, Marc Sanson, Philippe Metellus, Dominique Figarella-Branger, L'Houcine Ouafik, Olivier Chinot
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Background.A predictive marker of bevacizumab activity is an unmet medical need.We evaluated the predictive value of selected circulating prebiomarkers involved in neoangiogenesis and invasion on patient outcome in recurrent high-grade glioma treated with bevacizumab.Methods.Analyzed in plasma were a set of 11 prebiomakers of interest (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [VEGF]; VEGF receptor 2; basic fibroblast growth factor; stromal cell derived factor 1; placenta growth factor; urokinase-type plasminogen activator; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; matrix metalloproteinases 2, 7, and 9; and adrenomedulline), using ELISA, at baseline and 2 weeks after bevacizumab initiation in a prospective cohort of 26 patients (Cohort 1).Correlations were validated in a separate retrospective cohort (Cohort 2; n ¼ 50) and tested in cohort patients treated with cytotoxic agents without bevacizumab (Cohort 3; n ¼ 34).Dosages were correlated to objective response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).Results.In Cohort 1, high MMP2 baseline level was associated with a probability of objective response of 83.3% versus 15.4% for low MMP2 level (P ¼ .001).In multivariate analysis, baseline level of MMP2 correlated with PFS (hazard ratio, 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.46-10.52;P ¼ .007)and OS (hazard ratio, 4.62; 95% CI: 1.58 -13.53;P ¼ .005),as decrease of VEGF (P ¼ .038for PFS and P ¼ .013for OS) and MMP9 (P ¼ .016for PFS and P ¼ .025for OS).In Cohort 2, MMP2, but not MMP9, confirmed its predictive significance.In Cohort 3, no association was found between MMP2, MMP9, and outcome. Conclusion.In patients with recurrent high-grade glioma treated with bevacizumab, but not with cytotoxic agent, high MMP2 plasma levels are associated with prolonged tumor control and survival.MMP2 should be tested in randomized clinical trials that evaluate bevacizumab efficacy, and its biological role reassessed.
Bimonthly high-dose leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil infusion and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX3) for metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to the same leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen
Authors: T. André, C. Louvet, E. Raymond, C. Tournigand, A. de Gramont
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Nocturnal and exercise oxygen desaturation in COPD patients with and without OSAS
Authors: Marco Guglielmo, Claudio Ciacco, Cinzia Ferrero, Donatella Lodico, Luca Zito, Paolo Pessina, Roberto Torchio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND  Patients with both obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD) have a lower survival rate than patients with only one of these diseases. Aim of this study was to point out the relationships between respiratory function, nocturnal (NOD) or exercise (EOD) hemoglobin desaturation and the presence of OSAS in COPD.  POPULATION and METHODS  In 23 consecutive COPD patients that performed complete cardiopulmonary nocturnal study to exclude OSAS (16 M / 7F, aged 69±8 years, 35% GOLD stage 1, 52% stage 2 and 13% stage 3) lung volumes, diffusion capacity, walking test (WT) with pulse oximetry (SpO2) and nocturnal SpO2 monitoring were considered.  RESULTS  OSAS (defined as apnoea-hypopnea index AHI >15/h) was present in 26% patients (AHI 30±15).  NOD (defined as SpO2 30% of the night) was present in 30% of patients and in this group FEV1/VC %pred and DLCO %pred were lower (78±14 vs 92±9 %pred p  WT distance was 85±17%pred and EOD (defined as >5%SpO2 fall, with SpO2  CONCLUSIONS  EOD is more common in COPD with low DLCO and low BMI and in more than half patients is predictive for NOD. NOD is predictive of OSAS only when high ODI-4% is present.