tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Petriellidium boydii (Allescheria boydii). Necrotizing pneumonia in a normal host
Authors: H. A. Saadah
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<i>PETRIELLIDIUM boydii</i>(formerly<i>Allescheria boydii</i>) is a ubiquitous soil fungus<sup>1</sup>that is a common cause of Madura foot in North America.<sup>2</sup>It has also been reported to cause disseminated disease,<sup>3,4</sup>posttraumatic bone and soft-tissue infections,<sup>1,4</sup>endocarditis,<sup>5</sup>sinusitis,<sup>6</sup>meningoencephalitis,<sup>4</sup>brain, thyroid, renal, prostate, or myocardial abscesses,<sup>3,4,7</sup>parotitis,<sup>8</sup>otomycosis,<sup>8</sup>and endophthalmitis.<sup>4</sup>Pulmonary disease is rare and usually involves apical intracavitary (mycetoma) or intrabronchial growth of the fungus with secondary pulmonary tissue reaction.<sup>2,4,7,8</sup>Because this fungus has a low pathogenicity for man, necrotizing pneumonia has been reported mainly in patients whose immunity has been severely compromised.<sup>4,7,8</sup>We believe this is the first case report of a truly invasive<i>P boydii</i>necrotizing pneumonia in an apparently normal host.<sup>9</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old woman was in good health until January 1978, when fever and a productive cough developed. The chest
PLZF Confers Effector Functions to Donor T Cells That Preserve Graft-versus-Tumor Effects while Attenuating GVHD
Authors: Arnab Ghosh, Amanda M. Holland, Yildirim Dogan, Nury L. Yim, Uttam K. Rao, Lauren F. Young, Mallory L. West, Natalie V. Singer, Hae Lee, Il-Kang Na, Jennifer J. Tsai, Robert R. Jenq, Olaf Penack, Alan M. Hanash, Cecilia Lezcano, George F. Murphy, Chen Liu, Michel Sadelain, Martin G. Sauer, Derek Sant'Angelo, Marcel R.M. van den Brink
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Efforts to limit GVHD mediated by alloreactive donor T cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation are limited by a concomitant decrease in graft-versus-tumor (GVT) activity and increased possibilities of tumor relapse. Using a novel approach, we adoptively transferred conventional T cells expressing the transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), which confers effector properties resembling invariant natural killer T cells, such as copious production of cytokines under suboptimal stimulation. PLZF expression in T-cell allografts attenuates expansion of alloreactive T cells, leading to lower GVHD. Intact alloreactivity-driven antitumor cytokine responses result in preserved GVT effects, leading to improved survival. Our findings suggest that therapy with PLZF-overexpressing T cells would result in overall improved outcomes due to less GVHD and intact GVT effects.
An Address on the Means of Checking the Growth of Insanity in the Population
Authors: G. J. Hearder
Journal: BMJ (1873)

ONE of our unsolved social problems is "how to check the growth of insanity amongst our population."There are at present in England and Wales about 6o,ooo persons of unsound mind ; and it is my pur- pose to bring under your consideration the causation of probably the greater number of these cases, and some of the means whereby we may hope to diminish the multitude of those so afflicted.It is often advanced that insanity is a product of civilisation, and the alleged comparative freedom from mental disease of savage tribes is ad- duced as a proof thereof.In support of this theory, however, there is not a shadow of evidence; statistics, of course, are not procurable.The mere fact that but few insane persons are found amongst uncivilised nations affords no indication of the numbers attacked by brain-disorder.As well might we argue, from the paucity of individuals minus a limb, the non-existence of accidents and diseases necessitating amputation.Amongst barbarous tribes the feeble and diseased insane would be al- lowed to die; those with suicidal tendencies would be soon initiated into the mystery of the " happy despatch ;" the violent and trouble- some would become victims of the strifes they had themselves engen- dered; and only a few harmless monomaniacs could survive.Even
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection established and maintained in chimpanzees independent of dendritic cell impairment
Authors: C Rollier
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in humans is associated with an impairment of dendritic cells (DC). It has been hypothesized that impairment of DC function may be a central mechanism facilitating the establishment of a chronic carrier state. However, the majority of patients studied with DC impairment to date have been identified and, thus, inadvertently selected because of clinical manifestations leading to their diagnosis, which may have been many years following actual infection. We set out to determine whether impaired DC function occurred in the earlier asymptomatic phase of infection and turned to a well-defined cohort of HCV-infected chimpanzees in which the specific date of infection and the nature of the inoculum were well characterized. Results revealed that, in contrast to the observations in human subjects with advanced clinical hepatitis, there was neither impairment of the allostimulatory capacity of monocyte-derived DC from HCV chronic carriers nor impairment of the maturation process. Decreased allostimulatory capacity was only detected in 2 animals and, interestingly, in those that possessed the highest viral loads. Nevertheless, HCV sequences were undetectable in any of the DC derived from HCV-infected chimpanzees. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the mechanisms of establishing persistent HCV infection are separate and independent from those responsible for impaired DC function. Indeed, the maturation and allostimulatory impairment, as described in patient studies, are not necessary prerequisites but rather possible consequences of persistent and active HCV infection associated with disease progression.
Extemporaneous Formulation of Corticosteroids for Topical Usage
Authors: Kenneth H. Burdick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A number of extemporaneous corticosteroid preparations have been suggested in the literature. Unfortunately, this compounding of the corticosteroid and base is sometimes done without regard to the ultimate activity and stability of the product. A representative prescription filled by six pharmacies was compared with commercially formulated material. None of the six prescriptions was generally acceptable from the standpoint of pharmaceutical compounding, and all were inactive when tested in vasoconstriction studies.
SPLENIC REPLENISHMENT OF SYNERGISTIC ABILITY TO BONE MARROW AND THYMIC CELLS OF NEONATALLY SPLENECTOMIZED CBA MICE
Authors: R. A. Bucsi, F. Borek, J. R. Battisto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Bone marrow (B) and thymic (T) cells taken from adult mice that had been splenectomized within 24 hr of birth showed an inability to cooperate in the IgM response to sheep red blood cells. The defect in collaborative capacity was apparent in both sets of cells, but appeared to be more pronounced in the T cell population. Splenectomy performed at various neonatal intervals indicated that if removal of the spleen were delayed until 6 days after birth, B and T cells of the adult showed a 60% restoration in cooperation. Replenishment of the synergistic ability after neonatal splenectomy could be achieved by injecting spleen cells immediately after spleen removal or 2 months postsplenectomy.
Does This Patient Have Abnormal Central Venous Pressure?
Authors: Deborah J. Cook
Journal: JAMA (1996)

A 65-YEAR-OLD woman has had dyspnea for 2 months. She has had to give up her hobby of hiking and is now short of breath climbing even one flight of stairs. Her dyspnea is sometimes worse at night. She has no chest pain, cough, or sputum, and the review of systems is otherwise negative. On physical examination, her blood pressure is 135/90 mm Hg, and she has a regular cardiac rhythm at a rate of 72 beats per minute. You turn your attention to the jugular veins and next ask yourself, "Does this patient have abnormal central venous pressure?" <h3>WHY IS THIS QUESTION IMPORTANT?</h3> Evaluation of the jugular venous pulse provides important information about pressure and other hemodynamic events in the right atrium.<sup>1-3</sup>Via the former, it provides a useful estimate of central venous pressure (CVP) and thus the patient's intravascular volume status. Inspection of the waveforms can assist
Patterns of Temperature Adaptation in Proteins from the Bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans and Thermus thermophilus
Authors: John H. McDonald
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Asymmetrical patterns of amino acid substitution in proteins of organisms living at moderate and high temperatures (mesophiles and thermophiles, respectively) are generally taken to indicate selection favoring different amino acids at different temperatures due to their biochemical properties. If that were the case, comparisons of different pairs of mesophilic and thermophilic taxa would exhibit similar patterns of substitutional asymmetry. A previous comparison of mesophilic versus thermophilic Methanococcus with mesophilic versus thermophilic Bacillus revealed several pairs of amino acids for which one amino acid was favored in thermophilic Bacillus and the other was favored in thermophilic Methanococcus. Most of this could be explained by the higher G+C content of the DNA of thermophilic Bacillus, a phenomenon not seen in the Methanococcus comparison. Here, I compared the mesophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans and its thermophilic relative Thermus thermophilus, which are similar in G+C content. Of the 190 pairs of amino acids, 83 exhibited significant substitutional asymmetry, consistent with the pervasive effects of selection. Most of these significantly asymmetrical pairs of amino acids were asymmetrical in the direction predicted from the Methanococcus data, consistent with thermal adaptation resulting from universal biochemical properties of the amino acids. However, 12 pairs of amino acids exhibited asymmetry significantly different from and in the opposite direction of that found in the Methanococcus comparison, and 21 pairs of amino acids exhibited asymmetry that was significantly different from that found in the Bacillus comparison and could not be explained by the greater G+C content in thermophilic Bacillus. This suggests that selection due to universal biochemical properties of the amino acids and differences in G+C content are not the only causes of substitutional asymmetry between mesophiles and thermophiles. Instead, selection on taxon-specific properties of amino acids, such as their metabolic cost, may play a role in causing asymmetrical patterns of substitution.
Pathologists Urge Using Some Horse Sense to Avoid Doghouse When Making Diagnoses
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

TWO DOMESTIC animal diseases that increasingly are found in humans were the focus of reports at the recent annual meeting in Chicago, Ill, of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology. Although still rare, they are growing less so. In one, an immunosuppressed state offers an invitation to an opportunistic pathogen. In the other, no reason for the species leap is yet apparent. <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>(originally called<i>Corynebacterium equi</i>), a gram-positive, weakly acid-fast coccobacillus that is normally found in horses, has been documented in 39 patients since the first case report in 1967. All but eight of the cases occurred in the United States. At the Chicago meeting, Margie Scott, MD, Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn, reported on eight cases during the last 10 years in which the organism was identified in patients in those institutions. The patients ranged
Regulation of tumor necrosis factor gene expression by ionizing radiation in human myeloid leukemia cells and peripheral blood monocytes.
Authors: M L Sherman, R Datta, D E Hallahan, R R Weichselbaum, D W Kufe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated that ionizing radiation induces the expression of certain cytokines, such as TNF alpha/cachectin. However, there is presently no available information regarding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of cytokine gene expression by ionizing radiation. In this report, we describe the regulation of the TNF gene by ionizing radiation in human myeloid leukemia cells. The increase in TNF transcripts by x rays was both time- and dose-dependent as determined by Northern blot analysis. Similar findings were obtained in human peripheral blood monocytes. Transcriptional run-on analyses have demonstrated that ionizing radiation stimulates the rate of TNF gene transcription. Furthermore, induction of TNF mRNA was increased in the absence of protein synthesis. In contrast, ionizing radiation had little effect on the half-life of TNF transcripts. These findings indicate that the increase in TNF mRNA observed after irradiation is regulated by transcriptional mechanisms and suggest that production of this cytokine by myeloid cells may play a role in the pathophysiologic effects of ionizing radiation.
Treatment of psoriatic arthritis by extracorporeal photochemotherapy
Authors: H. WILFERT, H. HONIGSMANN, G. STEINER, J. SMOLEN, K. WOLFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Five patients with long-standing seronegative arthritis resistant to conventional therapy and who also had psoriasis of the skin were treated with photopheresis. This mode of treatment combines a lymphocyte-enrichment procedure with 8-methoxypsoralen-photochemotherapy. There was a marked in vitro effect on treated lymphocytes, with a reduction of viability, proliferation and mitogen response. There was a slight to moderate clinical improvement in four of the five patients with regard to the strength of grip, swelling, pain, morning stiffness, the dosage of non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drugs and the radiographical changes. The skin lesions did not respond to photopheresis. Short-term side-effects were minimal and consisted of a temporary sensitivity of the eyes to light and signs of circulatory dysregulation immediately after treatment. This experimental therapy has some measurable but not dramatic effect in improving psoriatic arthropathy.
Gene Therapy for Lung Disease: Hype or Hope?
Authors: Steven M. Albelda, Rainer Wiewrodt, Jonathan B. Zuckerman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Gene therapy, the treatment of any disorder or pathophysiologic state on the basis of the transfer of genetic information, was a high-priority goal in the 1990s. The lung is a major target of gene therapy for genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis and α1-antitrypsin deficiency, and for other diseases, including lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, pulmonary inflammation, surfactant deficiency, and pulmonary hypertension. This paper examines general concepts in gene therapy, summarizes the results of published clinical trials, and highlights areas of research aimed at overcoming challenges in the field. Although progress has been slower than anticipated, gene transfer has been safely achieved in patients with lung diseases. Recent advancements in understanding of the molecular basis of lung disease and the development of improved vector systems make it likely that gene therapy will be an important tool for the 21st-century clinician.
201. C105Y, a Novel Cell Penetrating Peptide Enhances Gene Transfer of Sec-R Targeted Molecular Conjugates
Authors: Melanie Rhee, Pamela B. Davis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We have used poly-L-lysine (polyK) condensed DNA complexes to deliver DNA to cells both in vitro and in vivo. In order to target and increase cellular uptake of these complexes, we covalently attached a small peptide ligand, C105Y (CSIPPEVKFNKPFVYLI), to polyK before DNA condensation. This peptide was initially identified as an amino acid sequence within the carboxy-terminal tail of a1-antitrypsin (a1-AT) that could mediate binding to the serpin enzyme complex receptor (sec-R). This putative receptor was characterized, mainly by biochemical means as a cell surface binding site on human hepatoma HepG2 cells and blood monocytes. The synthetic peptide C105Y based on amino acids sequence 346-374 of a1-AT, competed with the natural ligand for binding to the sec-R and provided gene transfer into cells when it was conjugated to polyK - DNA complexes. These particles, which average <50 nm in diameter by EM, provide gene transfer of the CFTR gene in vivo to airway epithelial cells from CFTR deficient mice.
Minimizing the risk of post-operative pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: C.C. LONG, J. JESSOP, M. YOUNG, P.J.A. HOLT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Minimizing the risk of post‐operative pyoderma gangrenosum Get access C.C. LONG, C.C. LONG Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K. Dr C.C.Long, Department of Dermatology (Out‐patients Department), University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. JESSOP, J. JESSOP Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. YOUNG, M. YOUNG Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.J.A. HOLT P.J.A. HOLT Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 1, 1 July 1992, Pages 45–48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14826.x Published: 01 July 1992
Thalidomide is not a human mutagen
Authors: J Ashby
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—In 1994 McBride reported two cases of a malformed child born to fathers with thalidomide embryopathy.1 In case 1 the child had two unaffected brothers, and in case 2 the child had an unaffected older sibling. McBride suggested that thalidomide might be (the first) human germ cell mutagen. This contention was countered by several respondents, …
Flexible features, connectionism, and computational learning theory
Authors: Georg Dorffner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

This commentary is an elaboration on Schyns, Goldstone &amp; Thibaut's proposal for flexible features in categorization in the light of three areas not explicitly discussed by the authors: connectionist models of categorization, computational learning theory, and constructivist theories of the mind. In general, the authors' proposal is strongly supported, paving the way for model extensions and for interesting novel cognitive research. Nor is the authors' proposal incompatible with theories positing some fixed set of features.
"We get on each other's nerves": unemployment and the family.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Less than 5% of Britons live in the storybook family with two dependent children, a father who is working, and a wife who stays at home,12 but most of us continue to live with other people, and the unemployment of one family member can affect all the others and the functioning of the whole. Hypotheses and anecdotes abound on how unemployment may damage, or rarely enhance, family life, but good research and hard evidence are less common. The whole subject of unemployment and health is under-researched, but the particular topic of the effect of unemployment on family life and health may be the most poorly researched of all?despite unemploy? ment and family life both being at the centre of the political stage. Or, maybe it is because they are so politicised that we know so little about them. But we do know something, and it is also important to define what we do not know.
Assessment of the relation between short and intermediate term growth in children with asthma treated with inhaled glucocorticoids
Authors: O. D. Wolthers, C. Heuck
Journal: Allergy (2004)

To assess the relation between short-term growth and intermediate term growth in children with asthma treated with inhaled glucocorticoids.An open 12 months parallel group trial with visits to the clinic on day 1, after 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 28, 36, 44 and 52 weeks.Outpatient clinic in a secondary referral centre.Sixteen children with asthma aged 9 (6-13) years; 16 matched healthy subjects.Knemometry and stadiometry.Dry-powder inhaled budesonide 200 microg twice daily.Intra-group comparisons of mean lower leg growth rates.Inter-group comparisons of mean lower leg growth rates and intra-group comparisons of mean height-standard deviation scores.One year mean lower leg growth rate (0.36 mm/week) did not differ from the rates during the 2 (0.27 mm/week; P = 0.23), 4 (0.33 mm/week; P = 0.54), 8 (0.36 mm/week; P = 0.79) or 12 (0.33 mm/week; P = 0.49) weeks intervals in the asthma group. Similarly, in the healthy children 2 (0.56 mm/week; P = 0.63), 4 (0.46 mm/week; P = 0.36), 8 (0.43 mm/week; P = 0.49) and 12 (0.43 mm/week; P = 0.66) weeks mean growth rates did not vary statistically significantly from the 1 year growth rate (0.42 mm/week). Mean lower leg growth rates, however, were consistently lower during all periods in the children with asthma (P = 0.02-0.03). At completion of the study mean height-standard deviation score in the asthma group (-0.19) was significantly suppressed as compared with the score at study entry (-0.03) (P = 0.02), whereas no statistically significant variation was detected in the control group.Short-term lower leg growth rates are consistent with intermediate term growth rates in group studies in children with asthma treated with inhaled dry powder budesonide 400 microg/day. Short-term group knemometry should be an integral part of growth evaluations of new inhaled glucocorticoids, doses and inhalation devices in children with asthma.
Hepatocyte growth factor induces Mcl-1 in primary human hepatocytes and inhibits CD95-mediated apoptosis via Akt
Authors: Henning Schulze-Bergkamen, Dirk Brenner, Andreas Krueger, Dorothee Suess, Stefanie C. Fas, Christian R. Frey, Andreas Dax, Dorothea Zink, Peter Büchler, Martina Müller, Peter H. Krammer
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

CD95 (APO-1/Fas)-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes plays a central role in the pathophysiology of various human liver diseases. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was shown to exert antiapoptotic functions in rodent hepatocytes. We previously showed that primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are a valuable tool for the investigation of apoptotic processes in liver cells. In this study, we analyzed the influence of HGF on CD95-mediated apoptosis of PHH and its molecular determinants. HGF significantly inhibited CD95-mediated apoptosis of PHH as well as cleavage of caspase-8 and poly (ADP-ribose)polymerase. HGF transcriptionally induced the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1). In contrary, HGF did not alter the expression levels of Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L). HGF activated survival pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase/ERK and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Notably, HGF triggered serine(727)--but not tyrosine(705)--phosphorylation of STAT3. Pretreatment of PHH with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 as well as adenoviral transduction of dominant negative Akt1 prevented HGF-mediated Mcl-1 induction and reversed the antiapoptotic effects of HGF. In conclusion, HGF confers survival of PHH by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. PI3K/Akt activation by HGF results in the induction of antiapoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1. Thus, application of HGF may be a therapeutic approach to prevent CD95-mediated hepatocellular damage in human liver diseases.