tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Organochlorine Exposure and Measures of Behavior in Infancy Using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
Authors: Sharon K. Sagiv, J. Kevin Nugent, T. Berry Brazelton, Anna L. Choi, Paige E. Tolbert, Larisa M. Altshul, Susan A. Korrick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Previous literature suggests an association between organochlorines and behavioral measures in childhood, including inattention.This study was designed to assess whether prenatal organochlorine exposure is associated with measures of attention in early infancy.We investigated an association between cord serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) levels and measures of attention from the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) in a cohort of 788 infants born 1993-1998 to mothers residing near a PCB-contaminated harbor and Superfund site in New Bedford, Massachusetts.Medians (ranges) for the sum of four prevalent PCB congeners and DDE levels were 0.19 (0.01-4.41) and 0.30 (0-10.29) ng/g serum, respectively. For the 542 subjects with an NBAS exam at 2 weeks, we observed consistent inverse associations between cord serum PCB and DDE levels and NBAS measures of alertness, quality of alert responsiveness, cost of attention, and other potential attention-associated measures including self-quieting and motor maturity. For example, the decrement in quality of alert responsiveness score was -0.51 (95% confidence interval, -0.99 to -0.03) for the highest quartile of exposure to the sum of four prevalent PCB congeners compared with the lowest quartile. We found little evidence for an association with infant orientation, habituation, and regulation of state, assessed as summary cluster measures.Our findings provide evidence for an association between low-level prenatal PCB and DDE exposures and poor attention in early infancy. Further analyses will focus on whether organochlorine-associated decrements in attention and attention-related skills in infancy persist in later childhood.
Association of a Sodium Channel α Subunit Promoter Variant with Blood Pressure
Authors: Naoharu Iwai, Shunroku Baba, Toshifumi Mannami, Toshio Ogihara, Jun Ogata
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. The SCNNIA gene, which is located on human chromosome 12p13.3, encodes the α subunit of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel, and mutations in SCNNIA can result in pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. It was postulated that genetic variations in SCNN1A could lead to an increased risk of hypertension. Sequence variations in SCNN1A were identified, and the association between these polymorphisms and BP was examined in a large cohort (n = 3898) representing the general population in Japan. Four polymorphisms in the promoter region, three polymorphisms in the exonic region, and one polymorphism in the first intron were identified. Because association studies with one-half of the study population indicated that the A(2139)G polymorphism, among others, significantly affected BP, this polymorphism was studied in the entire study population. Multiple logistic analyses indicated that the odds ratio for hypertension with the GA+GG genotype was 1.31 (P = 0.0154) in the total population and 1.77 (P = 0.0035) among subjects <60 yr of age. A significantly higher frequency of proteinuria was also observed among subjects with the GA+GG genotype. A transient transfection assay using MDCK cells indicated that the promoter activity of the G(2139) allele was higher than that of the A(2139) allele. Therefore, possession of the SCNN1A G(2139) allele significantly increased the risk of hypertension. A lower level of SCNN1A subunit expression among subjects with the AA genotype might lead to lower levels of sodium reabsorption in the kidney and might provide protection against the development of hypertension.
Nasogastric hydration versus intravenous hydration for infants with bronchiolitis: a randomised trial
Authors: Ed Oakley, Meredith Borland, Jocelyn Neutze, Jason Acworth, David Krieser, Stuart Dalziel, Andrew Davidson, Susan Donath, Kim Jachno, Mike South, Theane Theophilos, Franz E Babl
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2012)
Gender Differences in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a General Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Caron Zlotnick, Mark Zimmerman, Barbara A. Wolfsdorf, Jill I. Mattia
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: This report examined gender differences in the clinical manifestations of current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in treatment-seeking patients. METHOD: Outpatients with PTSD (N=138) were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. RESULTS: Compared with male patients, female patients experienced more reexperiencing symptoms and were more likely to meet criteria for current PTSD and to report sexual trauma as their index trauma. Men with PTSD were more likely than women with PTSD to meet criteria for a substance use disorder and for antisocial personality disorder. No gender differences were found in the frequency of other types of comorbid disorders, the number of comorbid disorders, or the presence of PTSD as a primary disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, male and female patients with current PTSD present with fairly comparable clinical profiles.
The obstetric problems of the thalidomide children.
Authors: G. Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1989)

light of this further evidence of its harmful effects on the quality of patient care.Furthermore, the research suggests a wealth of barely tapped potential among NHS ancillary staff.Those who are content with their jobs should be helped to do them in a satisfying way, but others who could move into more demanding roles should be offered training and development opportunities.Possibilities already exist here - for example, Workbase is a trade union project backed by the NHS Training Authority that promotes and provides training for manual workers.3Another option is experimenting with new roles such as care assistant which combine domestic and nursing responsibilities.'Most striking of all, however, is an implicit lesson that is relevant to everyone in the NHS.Better standards of care may be achieved only by highly motivated staff in all types of work and at all levels in the organisation.The way to encourage people to care more about their work is to care more about them, whether they are a cleaner or a consultant.
Wall shear stress distribution in a model canine artery during steady flow.
Authors: R J Lutz, J N Cannon, K B Bischoff, R L Dedrick, R K Stiles, D L Fry
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The wall shear stress pattern was measured in a rigid plastic cast of a canine artery during steady flow by means of an electrochemical technique. The topographic distribution of shear stress is very nonuniform, with regions of high and low shear in close proximity. The steady shear stresses are highest at the leading edge of flow dividers and at the entrance regions to branch vessels. The shapes of the shear stress curves in the celiac branch are primarily a function of the ratio of branch flow to total aortic flow. However, the shapes of the shear stress curves in the adjacent anterior mesenteric branch remain the same for different anterior mesenteric branch flow ratios, although the shear increases with the branch flow ratio. An unstable pattern of flow separation and reattachment is found at the anterior mesenteric flow divider lip and remains localized to that region. A correlation is suggested between sites of high shear stress, extremes in the range of stress, and unstable stress patterns and sites at which atherosclerosis has been shown to develop.
Octreotide blunts postprandial splanchnic hyperemia in cirrhotic patients: A double-blind randomized echo-doppler study
Authors: Paolo Buonamico, Carlo Sabbá, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Elsa Berardi, Gianfranco Antonica, Giovanna Ferraioli, Jonathan E. Jensen, Emanuel Lerner, Kenneth J. W. Taylor, Ottavio Albano, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The effect of octreotide, a long-acting synthetic analog of somatostatin, on fasting and postprandial splanchnic hemodynamics was investigated in cirrhotic patients. Splanchnic hemodynamics were assessed using an echo-Doppler duplex system in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study performed on 2 separate days, 1 week apart, in 30 cirrhotic patients. Measurements of portal vein (PV) cross-sectional area (PV-A) and mean velocity (PV-V), and of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) mean velocity (SMA-V) and pulsatility index (SMA-PI) (an index of vascular resistance) were performed at baseline, 30 minutes after octreotide (200 micrograms subcutaneously) or placebo administration, and 30 and 60 minutes after the ingestion of a liquid meal. In the fasted state, octreotide induced a significant decrease in PV-V (-7%) and in SMA-V (-10%) and an increase in PI (+16%). On the day of placebo administration, meal ingestion induced a significant increase in PV-V (+21%) and in SMA-V (+43%) and a decrease in PI (-21%). In contrast, meal ingestion on octreotide day induced significantly smaller increases in PV-V (+10%) and in SMA-V (+18%) and a significantly smaller decrease in PI (-10%). Octreotide, although producing a mild reduction in PV-V and SMA-V in the fasted state, markedly blunts postprandial splanchnic hyperemia in cirrhotic patients.
Fifth metatarsal fractures among male professional footballers: a potential career-ending disease
Authors: Jan Ekstrand, C Niek van Dijk
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background There is little information about Metatarsal Five (MT-5) fractures for specific sports. Objective To study the occurrence, the imaging characteristics, the lay-off times and healing problems of MT-5 fractures among male footballers. Methods Sixty-four European elite teams were monitored from 2001 to 2012. x-Rays were collected and classified by the Torg criteria. Results Of 13 754 injuries, 0.5% (67) proved to be MT-5 fractures. Their incidence was 0.04 injuries/1000 h of exposure. A team of 25 players might thus expect an MT-5 fracture every fifth season. Of these fractures, 67% (38) were primary and 33% were refractures. One of the 38 primary fractures was an avulsion of the tuberosity; all the others (97%) located towards the base. In total, 32% of the players with MT-5 fracture were younger than 21 years, 40% of the fractures occurred during the preseason and 45% of the players had prodromal symptoms. In total, 54% of the initial x-rays were classified as Torg type II (stress fractures), and 46% were classified as Torg type I (acute type). After surgical treatment the fractures healed faster, compared with conservative treatment (75% vs 33%, p&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in lay-off days between players that had been operated, and those that had not (80 vs 74 days, p=0.67). Conclusions The majority of MT-5 fractures are stress fractures, and mainly occur among young players. There are frequent healing problems, which might be explained by the stress nature of the injury. After surgery there are less healing problems, compared with those in conservative treatment.
Patient Ratings of Dialysis Care With Peritoneal Dialysis vs Hemodialysis
Authors: Haya R. Rubin, Nancy E. Fink, Laura C. Plantinga, John H. Sadler, Alan S. Kliger, Neil R. Powe
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextIn light of conflicting evidence of differential effects of dialysis modality on survival, patient experience becomes a more important consideration in choosing between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.ObjectiveTo compare patient satisfaction with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in a cohort of patients who have recently begun dialysis.Design and SettingCross-sectional survey at enrollment in a prospective inception cohort study of patients who recently started dialysis at 37 dialysis centers participating in the Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for End-stage Renal Disease (CHOICE) study, a national multicenter study of dialysis outcomes, from October 1995 to June 1998.PatientsOf 736 enrolled incident dialysis patients, 656 (89%) returned a satisfaction questionnaire after an average of 7 weeks of dialysis.Main Outcome MeasureData collected from a patient-administered questionnaire including 3 overall ratings and 20 items rating specific aspects of dialysis care.ResultsPatients receiving peritoneal dialysis were much more likely than those receiving hemodialysis to give excellent ratings of dialysis care overall (85% vs 56%, respectively; relative probability, 1.46 [95% confidence interval, 1.31-1.57]) and significantly more likely to give excellent ratings for each specific aspect of care rated. The 3 items with the greatest differences were in the domain of information provided (average of information items: peritoneal dialysis [69% excellent] vs hemodialysis [30% excellent]). The smallest differences were in ratings of accuracy of information from the nephrologist, response to pain, amount of fluid removed, and staff availability in an emergency. Adjustment for patient age, race, education, health status, marital status, employment status, distance from the center, and time since starting dialysis did not reduce the differences between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients.ConclusionsAfter several weeks of initiating dialysis, patients receiving peritoneal dialysis rated their care higher than those receiving hemodialysis. These findings indicate that clinicians should give patients more information about the option of peritoneal dialysis.
Chemopreventive Activity of Plant Flavonoid Isorhamnetin in Colorectal Cancer Is Mediated by Oncogenic Src and β-Catenin
Authors: Shakir M. Saud, Matthew R. Young, Yava L. Jones-Hall, Lilia Ileva, Moses O. Evbuomwan, Jennifer Wise, Nancy H. Colburn, Young S. Kim, Gerd Bobe
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Analysis of the Polyp Prevention Trial showed an association between an isorhamnetin-rich diet and a reduced risk of advanced adenoma recurrence; however, the mechanism behind the chemoprotective effects of isorhamnetin remains unclear. Here, we show that isorhamnetin prevents colorectal tumorigenesis of FVB/N mice treated with the chemical carcinogen azoxymethane and subsequently exposed to colonic irritant dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Dietary isorhamnetin decreased mortality, tumor number, and tumor burden by 62%, 35%, and 59%, respectively. MRI, histopathology, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that dietary isorhamnetin resolved the DSS-induced inflammatory response faster than the control diet. Isorhamnetin inhibited AOM/DSS-induced oncogenic c-Src activation and β-catenin nuclear translocation, while promoting the expression of C-terminal Src kinase (CSK), a negative regulator of Src family of tyrosine kinases. Similarly, in HT-29 colon cancer cells, isorhamnetin inhibited oncogenic Src activity and β-catenin nuclear translocation by inducing expression of csk, as verified by RNA interference knockdown of csk. Our observations suggest the chemoprotective effects of isorhamnetin in colon cancer are linked to its anti-inflammatory activities and its inhibition of oncogenic Src activity and consequential loss of nuclear β-catenin, activities that are dependent on CSK expression.
Familial aggregation of obstructive sleep apnoea in children without tonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Albert Li, Kate Chan, Chun T. Au
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Family studies in adults suggest the presence of familial aggregation in obstructive sleep apnoea. Whether the presence of OSA in either or both parents affect disease occurrence in their offspring is unclear. In this study we aimed to investigate if OSA in either parent is a risk factor for childhood OSA, after controlling for the effect of tonsillar size.  A total of 124 trios with a child / adolescent aged 6-18 years as index case were recruited. All cases and their parents underwent in-hospital and home nocturnal polysomnography respectively. Tonsillar size of the index subjects was assessed with the standard Brodsky grading system. Significant interaction was observed between tonsillar size of index subjects and family history of OSA ( p =0.015), therefore index cases who had minimal (grade I) or no tonsils (grade 0) and those with prominent tonsils (grade II to IV) were analyzed separately.  Within the group of minimal or no tonsils, twenty-three out of a total of 46 index subjects had at least one parent with moderate-to-severe OSA (defined as an obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) of 15/h or more). Compared to those without parental moderate-to-severe OSA, subjects whose parent with the disease had a significantly higher OAHI [0.4/h (0-0.8) c.f. 1.2/h (0.3-3.4),  p =0.036] as well as a higher prevalence of OSA (defined as an OAHI>1/h, 21.7% c.f. 52.2%,  p =0.032), while the two groups had similar age, body size and sex ratio. These findings were not seen in subjects with prominent tonsils.  Our results suggest that parental OSA is a significant risk factor for the presence of disease in children with minimal tonsillar enlargement.
Double-blind randomised trial comparing the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors letrozole and fadrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer
Authors: T. Tominaga, I. Adachi, Y. Sasaki, T. Tabei, T. Ikeda, Y. Takatsuka, M. Toi, T. Suwa, Y. Ohashi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Neuropsychiatric syndromes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjogren syndrome: a comparative population-based study
Authors: E Harboe, A B Tjensvoll, S Maroni, L G Goransson, O J Greve, M K Beyer, A Herigstad, J T Kvaloy, R Omdal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To compare the prevalence and pattern of neuropsychiatric (NP) syndromes observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to patients with Primary Sjögren syndrome (PSS) using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the 19 NP syndromes seen in SLE. <h3>Methods:</h3> A population-based study was conducted including 68 patients with SLE (mean (SD) age 43.8 (13.6) years) and 72 with PSS (age 57.8 (13.0) years). Specialists in internal medicine, neurology and neuropsychology performed standardised examinations. Cerebral MRI scans and neurophysiological studies were performed in all patients. <h3>Results:</h3> Similar prevalences in SLE and PSS were observed for headaches (87% vs 78%, p = 0.165), cognitive dysfunction (46% vs 50%, p = 0.273), mood disorders (26% vs 33%, p = 0.376), anxiety disorders (12% vs 4%, p = 0.095), cranial neuropathy (1% vs 4%, p = 0.339) and seizure disorders (7% vs 3%, p = 0.208). Cerebrovascular disease was more common in SLE than PSS (12% vs 3%, p = 0.049); but mononeuropathy (0% vs 8%, p = 0.015) and polyneuropathy (18% vs 56%, p&lt;0.001) were less common in SLE than PSS. Other syndromes were rare or absent in both patient groups. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Headache, cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders are common in both diseases, but otherwise there are distinct differences in NP involvement, with cerebrovascular diseases more prevalent in SLE and neuropathies more common in PSS. This indicates that some NP disease mechanisms are shared while others differ between the two diseases.
SEROLOGICALLY DEMONSTRABLE ALLOANTIGENS OF MOUSE EPIDERMAL CELLS
Authors: Margrit Scheid, Edward A. Boyse, Elizabeth A. Carswell, Lloyd J. Old
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Single cells were prepared from mouse tail epidermis by a method which gives high viability counts and so permits their use in cytotoxicity tests. According to tests with standard alloantisera, the antigen phenotype of mouse epidermal cells is H-2(+)theta(+)Sk(+)H-Y(+)TL(-)Ly-A(-)Ly-B,C(-)PC(-). The skin differentiation alloantigen Sk, which is responsible for homograft reactions directed selectively against skin, is expressed also on brain, but not on other cell types; it is present on the transplanted neuroblastoma C1300. Cytotoxicity tests with epidermal cells of H-2 congenic mouse stocks confirm that the Sk locus is not closely linked to H-2. The lymphoid cell differentiation antigen theta also is present on both epidermal cells and brain. Mice frequently retain theta-incompatible or Sk-incompatible skin grafts although they have formed substantial titers of theta or Sk antibody in response to grafting. Male (H-Y) antigen is demonstrable on epidermal cells by cytotoxicity tests with H-Y antibody, as it is also on one other type of cell, spermatozoa.
Relevance of width of right descending branch of pulmonary artery as a radiological sign of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: V. Teichmann, V. Jezek, F. Herles
Journal: Thorax (1970)

An enlargement of the diameter of the right descending branch (RDB) of the pulmonary artery in chest radiographs may serve as a sign of pulmonary arterial hypertension. We tried at first to establish exactly the normal values for men and women of different age, analysing the radiographs of 112 healthy subjects. There is a relationship of RDB diameter to sex and age. We compared the RDB diameters in 95 men suffering from chronic bronchitis with the pulmonary arterial pressure, flow, and resistance, and with the right ventricular work: a highly significant relationship of RDB diameter to all but the blood flow values was found. Considering (in men over 40 years of age) a diameter of the RDB of 18 mm. or more as pathological, the reliability of the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in chronic bronchitis was 72·2% with readable films, or 64·2% when not reliably readable chest films were included. Nevertheless, a similar comparison in patients with mitral stenosis indicates that the radiographic picture of pulmonary hypertension differs according to the initial disease. Here we discuss the factors which may influence the RDB diameter.
Genome Engineering Reveals Large Dispensable Regions in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: H. Westers
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Bacterial genomes contain 250 to 500 essential genes, as suggested by single gene disruptions and theoretical considerations. If this view is correct, the remaining nonessential genes of an organism, such as Bacillus subtilis, have been acquired during evolution in its perpetually changing ecological niches. Notably, ∼47% of the ∼4,100 genes of B. subtilis belong to paralogous gene families in which several members have overlapping functions. Thus, essential gene functions will outnumber essential genes. To answer the question to what extent the most recently acquired DNA contributes to the life of B. subtilis under standard laboratory growth conditions, we initiated a “reconstruction” of the B. subtilis genome by removing prophages and AT-rich islands. Stepwise deletion of two prophages (SPβ, PBSX), three prophage-like regions, and the largest operon of B. subtilis (pks) resulted in a genome reduction of 7.7% and elimination of 332 genes. The resulting strain was phenotypically characterized by metabolic flux analysis, proteomics, and specific assays for protein secretion, competence development, sporulation, and cell motility. We show that genome engineering is a feasible strategy for functional analysis of large gene clusters, and that removal of dispensable genomic regions may pave the way toward an optimized Bacillus cell factory.