tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OPERATION AT END OF FIFTH MONTH FOR EXTRAUTERINE GESTATION WITH LIVING FETUS: RECOVERY WITHOUT RECURRENT OR SECONDARY HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: A. Doran
Journal: BMJ (1909)

IN the following case pregnancy began in the left Fallopian 'tube.The last show, four months before the operation, was no doubt a uterine haemorrhage caused by the ;ebnormal gestation and not a menstrual period, as the fetus was too well developed to represent only four months of pregnancy.J. E., aged 35, was admitted into my wards in the Samaritan Free Hospital on July 3rd, 1908.She was sent to me by Mr. Boodle, of Sittingbourne, suffering from an abdominal tumour of uncertain nature.This patient was fairly nourished, but her hair was turning grey.Her cheeks were flushed.She had been married for eleven years and her only child was 10 years of age.Since its birth until the present illness there had never been any signs of pregnancy.History.On Easter Day, April 19th, when scrubbing her floor, the ,patient had a sudden attack of hypogastric pain and vomiting, -and at once took to her bed.Mr. Boodle noted symptoms of peritonitis with tenderness chiefly to the left of the hypo- gastrium.A distinct lump was definable in the region of the
Molecular modeling and in vivo imaging can identify successful flexible triazine dendrimer-based siRNA delivery systems
Authors: Olivia M. Merkel, Mengyao Zheng, Meredith A. Mintzer, Giovanni M. Pavan, Damiano Librizzi, Marek Maly, Helmut Höffken, Andrea Danani, Eric E. Simanek, Thomas Kissel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Early bacterial clearance from murine lungs. Species-dependent phagocyte response.
Authors: S R Rehm, G N Gross, A K Pierce
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Two sets of phagocytic cells are available to defend the lung against inhaled bacteria. Both resident alveolar macrophages and granulocytes from the circulation have been observed in pulmonary air spaces after the deposition of bacteria; their functional roles, however, have been defined. We rendered mice selectively granulocytopenic with heterologous antiserum in order to ascertain the relative contributions of these two groups of cells in intrapulmonary bacterial killing. The clearance of Staphylococcus aureus was unimpaired in granulocytopenic animals, confirming the primary role of the alveolar macrophages in the killing of these organisms. In contrast, granulocytopenic animals cleared only 10.0+/-7.0% of an inoculum of Klebsiella pneumoniae compared with 33.0+/-4.0% clearance in normal animals (P < 0.02), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa proliferated to 513% of baseline levels in granulocytopenic animals, whereas normal mice cleared 26.8+/-10.6% of the inoculum. These findings indicate that circulating granulocytes play a major role in the clearance of the latter two organisms. This variation in cellular response to different bacterial species suggests that the defense of the lung against pathogenic bacteria is more complex than has been previously assumed.
Iron Requirements in Infancy
Authors: Irving Schulman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The etiological relationship between iron deficiency and common hypochromic, microcytic anemia of infancy was demonstrated 60 years ago.<sup>1</sup>At that time it was appreciated that human and cow's milk contained very little iron, and that prolonged deprivation of other foods containing iron resulted in anemia. Some 30 years later, controlled studies showed that iron administered in the first semester of postnatal life sharply reduces incidence of hypochromic anemia during the next 18 months.<sup>2</sup> Since that time, numerous reports have stressed the special susceptibility of the infant to iron deficiency anemia and at the same time have demonstrated that this disorder can be prevented easily. Exact incidence of anemia in infants in the United States is difficult to assess because it varies greatly with the population group studied, but it is apparent that frequency in underprivileged groups may reach alarming proportions. In a group of 425 infants, ranging in
Relationship between Alexithymia and Panic Disorder: A Longitudinal Study to Answer an Open Question
Authors: Carlo Marchesi, Stefania Fontò, Chiara Balista, Carmen Cimmino, Carlo Maggini
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; In the present study, we evaluated whether patients with panic disorder (PD) in complete remission were more alexithymic than normal controls. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Fifty-two PD patients (both during the acute phase of the disorder and after at least 2 months of complete remission) and 52 age- and sex-matched normal subjects completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and the Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety (Ham-A) and for Depression. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A higher rate of alexithymia was found in PD patients than in controls (3.8%) both during the acute phase (44.2%; p &lt; 0.001) and after remission of the disorder (21.2%; p = 0.008). During remission, PD patients showed: (1) Ham-A scores significantly higher than controls (p &lt; 0.001); (2) only an elevation of the ‘difficulty in identifying feeling’ (DIF) dimension of alexithymia, and (3) a positive relationship between Ham-A scores and DIF levels (p &lt; 0.001). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; After remission of panic attacks, phobic avoidance and anticipatory anxiety, PD patients are more alexithymic (even though the levels of alexithymia decreased after the resolution of the acute phase of PD) and anxious than controls. This finding might be explained by an overlap between cognitive aspects of PD and the DIF dimension of alexithymia, since alexithymic and anxious levels are positively related.
Effects of B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases: a randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: P. Galan, E. Kesse-Guyot, S. Czernichow, S. Briancon, J. Blacher, S. Hercberg
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate whether dietary supplementation with B vitamins or omega 3 fatty acids, or both, could prevent major cardiovascular events in patients with a history of ischaemic heart disease or stroke. <b>Design</b> Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial; factorial design. <b>Setting</b> Recruitment throughout France via a network of 417 cardiologists, neurologists, and other physicians. <b>Participants</b> 2501 patients with a history of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or ischaemic stroke. <b>Intervention</b> Daily dietary supplement containing 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (560 μg), vitamin B-6 (3 mg), and vitamin B-12 (20 μg) or placebo; and containing omega 3 fatty acids (600 mg of eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at a ratio of 2:1) or placebo. Median duration of supplementation was 4.7 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Major cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular disease. <b>Results</b> Allocation to B vitamins lowered plasma homocysteine concentrations by 19% compared with placebo, but had no significant effects on major vascular events (75 <i>v</i> 82 patients, hazard ratio, 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.66 to 1.23, P=0.50)). Allocation to omega 3 fatty acids increased plasma concentrations of omega 3 fatty acids by 37% compared with placebo, but also had no significant effect on major vascular events (81 <i>v</i> 76 patients, hazard ratio 1.08 (0.79 to 1.47, P=0.64)). <b>Conclusion</b> This study does not support the routine use of dietary supplements containing B vitamins or omega 3 fatty acids for prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with a history of ischaemic heart disease or ischaemic stroke, at least when supplementation is introduced after the acute phase of the initial event. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41926726.
659. Application of HSVtk Suicide Gene to X- SCID Gene Therapy: Ganciclovir Treatment Selectively Elmiinates Gene Corrected Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Toru Uchiyama, Yoshinori Ishikawa, Naoto Ishii, Masafumi Onodera, Miki Sato, Yoji Sasahara, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Kazuo Sugamura, Satoru Kumaki, Shigeru Tsuchiya
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

X-SCID is characterized by profound defects of humoral and cellular immunity due to mutations in the gene encoding the common gamma chain (γc). Recent clinical trials of X-SCID gene therapy demonstrated the successful immunological reconstitution in the patients. However, a serious adverse effect of uncontrolled clonal T cell proliferation due to insertional mutagenesis of retroviral vector was reported. To offset the side effect, we applied the suicide gene system to X-SCID gene therapy as a fail-safe measure in case uncontrolled proliferation of gene transduced lymphocytes occurred. For this purpose, we constructed a bicistronic retroviral vector, pD-γc/TK, carrying human γc cDNA and HSVtk suicide gene. In the present study, MSCV LTR-based vector was used to overcome gene silencing, because a long-term reduction of the γc expression had been observed under the control of MoMLV LTR-based vector in our previous study. First, we transduced B-cell lines from X-SCID patients with this vector. Expression of the γc was stable for more than six months. After confirmation of functional reconstitution of the γc, the cells were treated with various concentrations of ganciclovir (GCV). The γc positive cells were selectively eliminated under lower concentrations of GCV (<25μM), and have not reappeared at least for 6 months. Furthermore, the γc transduced cells were still sensitive to GCV after six months. These results demonstrate that pD-γc/TK maintains a long-term simultaneous expression of the γc and HSVtk genes. To test the efficacy and safety feature of the gene therapy in vivo, we utilized pD-γc/TK for transduction of X-SCID murine model. Bone marrow cells obtained from X-SCID mice were prestimulated with growth factors including mSCF, mIL-11 and mTPO for 48hr and then transduced with the retroviral supernatant. The transduced cells were harvested and injected into lethally irradiated (800 rad) X-SCID mice. Two months after transduction, peripheral blood cells from the transduced mice were analyzed. Before transduction, the X-SCID mice show a decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes comprising of a reduced numbers of B cells and CD8+ T cells with a relative accumulation of CD4+ T cells. Transfer of the γc gene resulted in an increase in CD8+T cells and B cells with a substantially corrected CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio. In addition, the γc expression was detected on the populations of these restored lymphocytes. These restored lymphocytes could be eliminated by 50 mg/kg GCV when injected into peritoneal for seven consecutive days. However, this treatment caused acute toxicity to the injected mice. Currently, we are optimizing the concentration of GCV, which could selectively eliminates the gene transduced lymphocytes without obvious toxicity in vivo.
Parental access and family facilities in children's wards in England.
Authors: R Thornes
Journal: BMJ (1983)

than simple central venous catheterisation.10 Careful inter? pretation of haemodynamic information is required as well as clinical experience in the management of severely ill patients. The cost of bedside haemodynamic monitoring is relatively small considering the overall cost of modern intensive care. At current prices each procedure costs about ?100 for disposable items. The initial outlay for a transducer, pressure monitor, and cardiac output computer is about ?6000. Fluoroscopic screening is available in most radiology departments, but a portable bedside image intensifier in the cardiac care unit is an added advantage for right heart catheterisation as well as for emergency cardiac pacing. An invasive and technologically specialised procedure requires careful application in a general hospital. It is becoming ap? parent that the district general hospital has an increasingly important role in the assessment of cardiological disease.11 Bedside haemodynamic monitoring is now a well established technique which is often invaluable in the management of critically ill patients and can be performed safely and effectively in a general hospital/
The Options in Early Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lawrence W. DeSanto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

CANCERS of the larynx are the most common head and neck tumors treated by the otolaryngologist. Because of the frequency of laryngeal cancer and the emotional climate surrounding the decisions involved in its treatment, one must understand the principles of the initial treatment selection. What are the options, and what are the consequences of selecting a certain option? We know that death as a consequence of early cancer is unlikely. Because few patients die of their disease, the effects of treatment become the real issue.The statement that one can approach the treatment of laryngeal cancer with optimism is based . . .
Autoreactive CD4+ T Cells Protect from Autoimmune Diabetes via Bystander Suppression Using the IL-4/Stat6 Pathway
Authors: Dirk Homann, Andreas Holz, Adrian Bot, Bryan Coon, Tom Wolfe, Jacob Petersen, Thomas P Dyrberg, Michael J Grusby, Matthias G von Herrath
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Four Novel <i>KVLQT1</i> and Four Novel <i>HERG</i> Mutations in Familial Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Toshihiro Tanaka, Ryozo Nagai, Hitonobu Tomoike, Shigeo Takata, Katsusuke Yano, Keijiro Yabuta, Noriyuki Haneda, Osami Nakano, Akira Shibata, Toshitami Sawayama, Hideaki Kasai, Yoshio Yazaki, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Familial long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by prolonged ventricular repolarization. Clinical symptoms include recurrent syncopal attacks, and sudden death may occur due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Three genes responsible for this syndrome ( KVLQT1 , HERG , and SCN5A ) have been identified so far. We investigated mutations of these genes in LQTS families. Methods and Results Thirty-two Japanese families with LQTS were brought together for screening for mutations. Genomic DNA from each proband was examined by the polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformation polymorphism technique followed by direct DNA sequencing. In four of the families, comprising 16 patients, mutations were identified in KVLQT1 ; five other families (9 patients) segregated mutant alleles of HERG . All 25 of these patients carried the specific mutations present in their respective families, and none of 80 normal individuals carried these alleles. Mutations were confirmed by endonuclease digestion or hybridization of mutant allele–specific oligonucleotides. No mutation in SCN5A was found in any family. Conclusions We identified nine different mutations among 32 families with LQTS. Eight of these were novel and account for 25% of all types of mutations reported to date. Such a variety of mutations makes it difficult to screen high-risk groups using simple methods such as endonuclease digestion or mutant allele–specific amplification.
Influence of free testosterone on antigen levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in premonopausal women with central obesity
Authors: G. De Pergola, V. De Mitrio, A. Perricci, M. Cignarelli, G. Garruti, S. Lomuscio, G. Ferri, O. Schiraldi, R. Giorgino
Journal: Metabolism (1992)
Book: Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine
Authors: I. Loudon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Eds E M Tansey, D A Christie, L A Reynolds Wellcome Trust, 12 volumes £5 per volume ——————— Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Sir Peter Medawar once remarked that much scientific literature “misrepresents the processes of thought that accompanied or gave rise to the work that is described.” This is not because of deliberate deception, but because the medical advances written in papers and texts reveal little of the vigorous arguments, disagreements, rivalries, and promising alternative ideas that came to nothing. Would it not therefore be a good idea to bring together as many people as possible who … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
AN INSTRUCTIVE CASE OF PROSTATIC ADENOMAS WITH VESICAL CALCULUS CONCEALED BY A SESSILE PEDUNCULATED MEDIAN LOBE
Authors: G. Frank Lydston
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The case herewith presented has several instructive features from the peculiar arrangement of the prostatic overgrowth. The impossibility of diagnosing the calculus on account of its concealment by a broad sessile pedunculated tumor originating in the posterior median portion of the prostate is unique. A man, aged 69, a merchant, had always enjoyed unusually good health until the development of vesical symptoms about six years before consulting me. The urine had remained normal in appearance and apparently had not been infected, despite several attacksof retention, which had occurred during the past year and had been relieved by the catheter. Micturition became very frequent, and the disturbance of rest at night had compelled the patient to seek relief. Examination revealed a large, diffuse, prostatic tumor. This was moderately firm and only slightly sensitive. Cystoscopy revealed a trabeculated bladder and a large median prostatic tumor. The bladder mucosa was in remarkably good
Characterization of oral bacterial diversity of irradiated patients by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Yue-Jian Hu, Qian Wang, Yun-Tao Jiang, Rui Ma, Wen-Wei Xia, Zi-Sheng Tang, Zheng Liu, Jing-Ping Liang, Zheng-Wei Huang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

The objective of this study was to investigate the compositional profiles and microbial shifts of oral microbiota during head-and-neck radiotherapy. Bioinformatic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was performed to assess the diversity and variation of oral microbiota of irradiated patients. Eight patients with head and neck cancers were involved in this study. For each patient, supragingival plaque samples were collected at seven time points before and during radiotherapy. A total of 147 232 qualified sequences were obtained through pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analysis, representing 3 460 species level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 140 genus level taxa. Temporal variations were observed across different time points and supported by cluster analysis based on weighted UniFrac metrics. Moreover, the low evenness of oral microbial communities in relative abundance was revealed by Lorenz curves. This study contributed to a better understanding of the detailed characterization of oral bacterial diversity of irradiated patients. Radiation therapy for cancer can alter the type and number of microbes in patients' mouths, research by Zheng-Wei Huang and colleagues of the Ninth People's Hospital in Shanghai, China has shown. Diverse oral microbial communities play an important role in maintaining human oral health, and changes in composition can contribute to side-effects such as radiation caries and soft tissue necrosis. Huang and colleagues sampled plaque from 8 patients and used high-throughput sequencing to produce detailed microbial maps for 7 time points during the course of radiotherapy. This technique averts the need for inefficient and unreliable culturing. Overall, 50% of all microbes detected belonged to just 5 genera, although many species were present in low numbers. As radiotherapy progressed, the composition of patients' microbial communities changed. Understanding these community shifts may help researchers design effective therapies.
Organochlorine Pesticides and Male Genital Anomalies in the Child Health and Development Studies
Authors: Rajiv Bhatia, Rita Shiau, Myrto Petreas, June M. Weintraub, Lili Farhang, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Increasing rates of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in human populations may be caused by exogenous environmental agents. We conducted a case-control study of serum levels of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its major metabolite, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and cryptorchidism and hypospadias in the Child Health and Development Study, a longitudinal cohort of pregnancies that occurred between 1959 and 1967, a period when DDT was produced and used in the United States. Serum was available from the mothers of 75 male children born with cryptorchidism, 66 with hypospadias, and 4 with both conditions. We randomly selected 283 controls from the cohort of women whose male babies were born without either of these conditions. Overall, we observed no statistically significant relationships or trends between outcomes and serum measures. After adjusting for maternal race, triglyceride level, and cholesterol level, compared with boys whose mothers had serum DDE levels < 27.0 ng/mL, boys whose mothers had serum DDE levels > or = 61.0 ng/mL had odds ratios of 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51-3.48] for cryptorchidism and 1.18 (95% CI, 0.46-3.02) for hypospadias. For DDT, compared with boys whose mothers had serum DDT levels < 10.0 ng/mL, boys whose mothers had serum DDT levels > or = 20.0 ng/mL had adjusted odds ratios of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.44-2.28) for cryptorchidism and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.33-1.89) for hypospadias. This study does not support an association of DDT or DDE and hypospadias or cryptorchidism.
Drug Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and its Implications
Authors: E. S. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A rise in Salmonella typhimurium infection was observed in calves in Britain during 1964-6, follwing the adoption of the intensive farming method. A single phage type of S. typhimurium, type 29, was incriminated as the major pathogen. Attempts to treat and control the disease with a range of antibiotics were ineffective, but resulted in the acquisition of transferable multiple drug resistance by type 29. The transmission of drug-resistant type 29, directly or indirectly, from bovines to man resulted in many human infections. Transferable drug resistance reaching man from enterobacteria of animal origin may ultimately enter specifically human pathogens. Infections such as that caused by type 29 can be eliminated, not by the massive use of antibiotics but by improvement in conditions of animal husbandry and reduction in the opportunities for the initiation and spread of the disease. A reappraisal is needed of the methods of using antibiotics to determine how these methods can be improved, in order to conserve the long-term efficacy of the antibiotics.
Posthypothermic Circulatory Failure
Authors: EMIL BLAIR, A. VERNON MONTGOMERY, HENRY SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Certain aspects of cardiovascular function were studied in dogs that were cooled to 30 C. without ventilatory assistance, and rapidly rewarmed in warm water. While in the hypothermic state, the animals appeared to make an adequate cardiovascular adjustment to the lowered body temperature. Upon rewarming, however, each animal incurred an acute circulatory collapse, which was characterized by a low cardiac output, diminished ventricular work, hypotension, hyperpnea, and increased arteriovenous oxygen difference. It is uncertain whether this circulatory failure is central or peripheral in origin.
Can childhood viral infection protect from type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Terry B. Strom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

While many candidate type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility genes have been identified, evidence suggests that environmental stimuli, such as viral infections, may also be involved in T1D pathogenesis. However, how viral infections may prevent or trigger the diabetogenic process remains unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Filippi et al. show that infection of NOD mice with Coxsackie virus B3 or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, neither of which directly destroys insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, triggers the activation of two distinct immunoregulatory mechanisms, involving both the innate and adaptive immune system, that protect against the development of T1D in these animals (see the related article beginning on page 1515).