tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Use in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Resected Stage II or III Colon Cancer
Authors: Thomas A. Abrams, Rick Brightly, Jianbin Mao, Gregory Kirkner, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Deborah Schrag, Charles S. Fuchs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose Previous studies have examined predictors for initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in stages II and III colon cancer. However, little is known regarding the use of specific chemotherapy regimens or treatment duration. Patients and Methods We studied treatment records for 2,560 patients with stage II or III colon cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy between January 2004 and April 2010 at US cancer care facilities participating in a nationwide, commercially available chemotherapy order entry system that captures patient demographics, stage, and details of chemotherapy treatment. Multivariate analyses of prospectively recorded patient and provider characteristics identified predictors of specific therapeutic approaches. Results The addition of oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy increased during the study period (P trend &lt; .001), and this combination represented 78% and 90% of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II or III disease, respectively, by 2007. Older patients, those with diminished performance status, and those treated in a private practice setting were significantly less likely to receive oxaliplatin. Thirty percent of patients discontinued adjuvant therapy after less than 3 months. Older age, oxaliplatin-containing therapy, and receipt of treatment from a physician with a low volume of patients were each independently associated with premature discontinuation. Six percent of patients received bevacizumab as part of their adjuvant regimen. Conclusion After 2004, oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine-based therapy rapidly became the predominant adjuvant treatment for both stage II and stage III colon cancer in this large US cohort. Both increasing patient age and lower volume of an oncologist's practice were associated with early termination of adjuvant therapy.
Therapy-Related Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: M. Beaumont, M. Sanz, P.M. Carli, F. Maloisel, X. Thomas, L. Detourmignies, A. Guerci, N. Gratecos, C. Rayon, J. San Miguel, J. Odriozola, J.Y. Cahn, F. Huguet, A. Vekhof, A. Stamatoulas, H. Dombret, F. Capote, J. Esteve, A.M. Stoppa, P. Fenaux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To analyze patient cases of therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (tAPL), occurring after chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT) or both for a prior disorder, diagnosed during the last 20 years in three European countries.The primary disorder and its treatment, interval from primary disorder to tAPL, characteristics of tAPL, and its outcome were analyzed in 106 patients.Eighty of the 106 cases of tAPL were diagnosed during the last 10 years, indicating an increasing incidence of tAPL. Primary disorders were predominantly breast carcinoma (60 patients), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (15 patients), and other solid tumors (25 patients). Thirty patients had received CT alone, 27 patients had received RT alone, and 49 patients had received both. CT included at least one alkylating agent in 68 patients and at least one topoisomerase II inhibitor in 61 patients, including anthracyclines (30 patients), mitoxantrone (28 patients), and epipodophyllotoxins (19 patients). Median interval from primary disorder to tAPL diagnosis was 25 months (range, 4 to 276 months). Characteristics of tAPL were generally similar to those of de novo APL. With treatment using anthracycline-cytarabine-based CT or all-trans-retinoic acid combined with CT, actuarial survival was 59% at 8 years.tAPL is not exceptional, and develops usually less than 3 years after a primary neoplasm (especially breast carcinoma) treated in particular with topoisomerase II-targeted drugs (anthracyclines or mitoxantrone and less often etoposide). Characteristics and outcome of tAPL seem similar to those of de novo APL.
A critical role for the programmed death ligand 1 in fetomaternal tolerance
Authors: Indira Guleria, Arezou Khosroshahi, Mohammed Javeed Ansari, Antje Habicht, Miyuki Azuma, Hideo Yagita, Randolph J. Noelle, Anthony Coyle, Andrew L. Mellor, Samia J. Khoury, Mohamed H. Sayegh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Fetal survival during gestation implies that tolerance mechanisms suppress the maternal immune response to paternally inherited alloantigens. Here we show that the inhibitory T cell costimulatory molecule, programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), has an important role in conferring fetomaternal tolerance in an allogeneic pregnancy model. Blockade of PDL1 signaling during murine pregnancy resulted in increased rejection rates of allogeneic concepti but not syngeneic concepti. Fetal rejection was T cell- but not B cell-dependent because PDL1-specific antibody treatment caused fetal rejection in B cell-deficient but not in RAG-1-deficient females. Blockade of PDL1 also resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes in response to alloantigen in an ELISPOT assay and higher IFN-gamma levels in placental homogenates by ELISA. Finally, PDL1-deficient females exhibited decreased allogeneic fetal survival rates as compared with littermate and heterozygote controls and showed evidence of expansion of T helper type 1 immune responses in vivo. These results provide the first evidence that PDL1 is involved in fetomaternal tolerance.
STUDIES ON TUBERCULIN FEVER
Authors: Elisha Atkins, Cornelis Heijn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

In a search for the source of the circulating endogenous pyrogen (EP) that mediates tuberculin-induced fever, tuberculin was incubated in vitro with various tissues of rabbits sensitized by intravenous infection with BCG. Evidence was obtained that tuberculin specifically stimulates cells in the blood of sensitized rabbits to generate pyrogen in vitro, whereas both lymph node and spleen cells from the same donors were inactive. Since normal blood cells, incubated in plasma of sensitized donors, were similarly activated, it is postulated that circulating antibodies play a role in sensitizing cells (presumably granulocytes) to release pyrogen on contact with tuberculin) both in vitro and in vivo. Release of endogenous pyrogen in vitro may be a sensitive means of detecting immunologic reactions between antigen and specifically sensitized blood cells-in other allergic states accompanied by fever.
Human Papillomavirus in Oral Exfoliated Cells and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: E. M. Smith, J. M. Ritchie, K. F. Summersgill, H. T. Hoffman, D. H. Wang, T. H. Haugen, L. P. Turek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with the development of head and neck cancers. In this study, we investigated whether the risk factors for head and neck cancer in relation to HPV infection are different from those in the absence of HPV infection and whether HPV detected in oral exfoliated cells is an independent predictor of head and neck cancer risk. Methods: We conducted a case–control study in 201 head and neck cancer case patients and 333 control subjects, frequency matched for age and sex. Oral exfoliated cells and tumor tissue were evaluated for HPV using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to type HPV. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for head and neck cancer with HPV infection and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. Results: Oncogenic, or high-risk (HR), HPV types were detected in oral cells from 22.9% of case patients and 10.8% of control subjects. HPV16 was the most frequently detected type (19% versus 10% of case patients and control subjects, respectively). After adjusting for age, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption, the risk of head and neck cancer was statistically significantly greater in individuals with HPV-HR types (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.5 to 4.2) but not in individuals with nononcogenic HPV types (adjusted OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.4 to 1.7) compared with HPV-negative individuals. Compared with individuals who were HPV-negative and did not use alcohol or tobacco, there was a statistically significant synergistic effect between detection of HPV-HR and heavy alcohol consumption (OR = 18.8, 95% CI = 5.1 to 69.5) but an additive effect between detection of HPV-HR and tobacco use (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 2.1 to 14.1). HPV-HR types detected in oral exfoliated cells were predictive of HPV-HR types in tumor tissue.Conclusion: Infection of oral exfoliated cells with HPV-HR types is a risk factor for head and neck cancer, independent of alcohol and tobacco use, and acts synergistically with alcohol consumption. HPV testing of an oral rinse may be predictive of an HPV-related head and neck cancer.
Therapeutic effect of neutralizing endogenous IL-18 activity in the collagen-induced model of arthritis
Authors: Christine Plater-Zyberk, Leo A.B. Joosten, Monique M.A. Helsen, Pascale Sattonnet-Roche, Christiane Siegfried, Sami Alouani, Fons A.J. van de Loo, Pierre Graber, Shuki Aloni, Rocco Cirillo, Erik Lubberts, Charles A. Dinarello, Wim B. van den Berg, Yolande Chvatchko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Two distinct IL-18 neutralizing strategies, i.e. a rabbit polyclonal anti-mouse IL-18 IgG and a recombinant human IL-18 binding protein (rhIL-18BP), were used to treat collagen-induced-arthritic DBA/1 mice after clinical onset of disease. The therapeutic efficacy of neutralizing endogenous IL-18 was assessed using different pathological parameters of disease progression. The clinical severity in mice undergoing collagen-induced arthritis was significantly reduced after treatment with both IL-18 neutralizing agents compared to placebo treated mice. Attenuation of the disease was associated with reduced cartilage erosion evident on histology. The decreased cartilage degradation was further documented by a significant reduction in the levels of circulating cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (an indicator of cartilage turnover). Both strategies efficiently slowed disease progression, but only anti-IL-18 IgG treatment significantly decreased an established synovitis. Serum levels of IL-6 were significantly reduced with both neutralizing strategies. In vitro, neutralizing IL-18 resulted in a significant inhibition of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IFN-gamma secretion by macrophages. These results demonstrate that neutralizing endogenous IL-18 is therapeutically efficacious in the murine model of collagen-induced arthritis. IL-18 neutralizing antibody or rhIL-18BP could therefore represent new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that warrant testing in clinical trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Risk of New Primary Nonbreast Cancers After Breast Cancer Treatment: A Dutch Population-Based Study
Authors: Michael Schaapveld, Otto Visser, Marieke J. Louwman, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries, Pax H.B. Willemse, Renée Otter, Winette T.A. van der Graaf, Jan-Willem W. Coebergh, Flora E. van Leeuwen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To assess the risk of secondary nonbreast cancers (SNBCs) in a recently treated population-based cohort of breast cancer patients focused on the association with treatment and prognostic implications.In 58,068 Dutch patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1989 and 2003, SNBC risk was quantified using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), cumulative incidence, and Cox regression analysis, adjusted for competing risks.After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 2,578 SNBCs had occurred. Compared with the Dutch female population at large, in this cohort, the SIR of SNBCs was increased (SIR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.27). The absolute excess risk was 13.6 (95% CI, 9.7 to 17.6) per 10,000 person-years. SIRs were elevated for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, lung, uterus, ovary, kidney, and bladder cancers, and for soft tissue sarcomas (STS), melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The 10-year cumulative incidence of SNBCs was 5.4% (95% CI, 5.1% to 5.7%). Among patients younger than 50 years, radiotherapy was associated with an increased lung cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.15 to 4.60) and chemotherapy with decreased risk for all SNBCs (HR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.98) and for colon and lung cancer. Among patients age 50 years and older, radiotherapy was associated with raised STS risk (HR = 3.43; 95% CI, 1.46 to 8.04); chemotherapy with increased risks of melanoma, uterine cancer, and AML; and hormonal therapy with all SNBCs combined (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.21) and uterine cancer (HR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.27). An SNBC worsened survival (HR = 3.98; 95%CI 3.77 to 4.20).Breast cancer patients diagnosed in the 1990 s experienced a small but significant excess risk of developing an SNBC.
Receptor editing: an approach by autoreactive B cells to escape tolerance.
Authors: D Gay, T Saunders, S Camper, M Weigert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

To determine the fate of anti-DNA antibody-bearing B cells in normal mice, we generated transgenic mice bearing the heavy (H) and light (L) chain genes of a well-characterized anti-double-stranded DNA antibody. This antibody was originally isolated from a diseased MRL/lpr mouse and has characteristics common to spontaneously arising anti-DNA antibodies. Results show that the H/L transgene (tg) immunoglobulin receptor is not expressed by animals bearing both tgs, although single tg animals (H or L) express their transgenes. Young H/L tg animals express few B cells, whereas adult H/L tg animals maintain almost normal B cell numbers. Analysis of the immunoglobulin receptors used by adult B cells shows that all contain the tg H chain in association with endogenous L chains. These B cells transcribe the L tg as well as the rearranged endogenous L chain gene, and loss of endogenous L chain gene transcription results in resurrection of the 3H9 H/L tg product. Examination of the endogenous L chains used by these cells shows that they represent a highly restricted subset of V genes. Taken together, these data suggest that autoreactive transgenic B cells can rearrange endogenous L chain genes to alter surface receptors. Those L chains that compete successfully with the L tg for H chain binding, and that create a nonautoreactive receptor, allow the B cell to escape deletion. We suggest that this receptor editing is a mechanism used by immature autoreactive B cells to escape tolerance.
Small bowel enteroscopy in undiagnosed gastrointestinal blood loss.
Authors: A J Morris, L A Wasson, J F MacKenzie
Journal: Gut (1992)

Sixty five of 70 consecutive patients with undiagnosed gastrointestinal blood loss were examined using the new technique of small bowel enteroscopy. Using a balloon driven sonde enteroscope (SIF-SW) extended views of the small bowel were obtained as far as the distal ileum. Medium length of small bowel examined was 140 cm (range (30-200 cm). All patients studied had a normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Nineteen (41%) of 46 anaemic rheumatoid arthritis patients taking non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and three (27%) of 11 patients with unexplained iron deficiency, were found to have small bowel lesions to account for their anaemia. Small bowel lesions were found in a further three of eight (37%) patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. The procedure failed or was terminated in five patients. Small bowel enteroscopy has considerable potential in the investigation of undiagnosed gastrointestinal blood loss and deserves more widespread application.
Early referral recommendation for newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis: evidence based development of a clinical guide
Authors: P Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Effective treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires early diagnosis and early disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment to have an impact on long term morbidity and mortality. Clinical criteria would facilitate early referral of the patient with suspected RA to a rheumatologist for definitive diagnosis and initiation of DMARD treatment at that point in the disease most likely to have an impact on the long term outcome.To develop a referral recommendation that may serve as a clinical guide for primary care doctors, enabling them to identify patients with suspected RA during the early inflammatory stages.Key points of the referral criteria were formed based on a thorough literature review targeting early RA, early arthritis clinics, DMARD treatment for early RA, prognostic factors of disease progression, early RA clinical trials, and quality of life. Evidence was graded using the methods defined by Shekelle et al. A draft version of the criterion was circulated among the authors for critical evaluation. A consensus integrated these comments.Clinical evidence strongly supports the observations that structural damage occurs early in active RA and that early DMARD treatment improves the long term outcome of the disease. The observations indicate that rapid referral to a rheumatologist is advised when RA is suspected. This may be supported by the presence of any of the following: >or=3 swollen joints, metatarsophalangeal/metacarpophalangeal involvement, and morning stiffness of >or=30 minutes.The proposed early referral recommendation is a viable tool for primary care doctors to identify potential patients with active RA early in the disease. Early referral to a rheumatologist for definitive diagnosis and early DMARD treatment should improve the long term outcome of RA.
Diagnosis and Treatment of PTSD-Related Compulsive Checking Behaviors in Veterans of the Iraq War: The Influence of Military Context on the Expression of PTSD Symptoms
Authors: Peter W. Tuerk, Anouk L. Grubaugh, Mark B. Hamner, Edna B. Foa
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

This case study presents an overview of the conceptualization and treatment of two veterans of the Iraq War who presented for combat-related treatment at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. In addition to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of reexperiencing, arousal, and avoidance, the veterans exhibited compulsive checking behaviors that appear to be influenced by theater-specific combat duties and traumatic events. These cases represent what the authors believe to be an increasingly common expression of PTSD in veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Both veterans were treated with prolonged exposure therapy, which includes imaginal and in vivo exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli, processing of traumatic events, and self-assessment of anxiety. Treatment also included in vivo exposure with response prevention techniques borrowed from the literature on obsessive-compulsive disorder to address compulsive checking behaviors within the ecological context of each patient's symptom presentation. Measures related to PTSD and depression were obtained before, during, and after treatment. Treatment was associated with significant declines in symptom severity and improved functioning for both veterans. The unique nature of the conflict in the Middle East represents role challenges for soldiers that affect symptom presentation. Variations in symptom presentation can in turn complicate efforts to identify and appropriately address PTSD-related health concerns in this population. Thus, clinicians and researchers must remain cognizant of how theater-specific duties influence the manifestation and treatment of PTSD in order to provide optimal care to a new generation of veterans.
Efficacy of omalizumab in the treatment of nasal polyps
Authors: M. d. C. Vennera, C. Picado, J. Mullol, I. Alobid, M. Bernal-Sprekelsen
Journal: Thorax (2010)

nine acute trusts in the UK.All hospitals (eight teaching hospitals and one district general hospital) had an acute NIV service and a local coordinating clinician was recruited through the BTS Respiratory Critical Care Specialist Advisory Group.Questionnaires and data collection guidelines were distributed by e-mail to the local lead who was responsible for distributing, collecting and marking the questionnaires.Three hundred and ninety-four completed questionnaires were returned and scored with weighting given towards clinical relevance and current evidence base.To generate comparative analysis the groups were compared with a 'control' group, which consisted of 119 medical consultants and trainees, nurses and physiotherapists working on general medical wards but not in critical care or specialist respiratory medicine.Respiratory and critical care physicians were combined for the purposes of data analysis as there was no difference between these groups.In comparison with the 'control' group, knowledge varied considerably between the different groups.The respiratory and critical care consultants, physiotherapists, ST3/SpR and critical care ST1/2 doctors achieved significantly higher scores.This probably reflects the effect of targeted teaching during induction programmes and during clinical work.Furthermore, the scores increased with increasing seniority in each group, which adds to the validity of this questionnaire.It was noteworthy that the physiotherapists performed well and had the highest scores for technical knowledge, reflecting their involvement in the initiation of NIV in all the trusts surveyed.The respiratory and critical care nurses showed equivalence to the control group across all the areas examined, which highlights this as an important group for further education.Following further validation, the use of this, or a similar questionnaire, could be incorporated into training and competency assessment to monitor educational needs.
Some Phenomena of Anaesthesia by Protoxide of Nitrogen
Authors: F. W. Braine
Journal: BMJ (1869)

J=. 23, I86.T-HE-,MIMZLS'ff MEDICAL _7URTAL.small to occlude; but then it should be recollected> -that-tiresvessels had been forcibly torn from the convolutions; and thwt;thelstr.iniexertedupon them, communicated to the fluid with which th-lWere distended, would be quite adequate to dislodge many of -them frdm the situations in which they had been impacted.It is, of course, obvious that such masses as those seen in Fig. i, if they had not previowsly been im-
Bevacizumab plus oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer (AVANT): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Aimery de Gramont, Eric Van Cutsem, Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Josep Tabernero, Stephen Clarke, Malcolm J Moore, David Cunningham, Thomas H Cartwright, J Randolph Hecht, Fernando Rivera, Seock-Ah Im, György Bodoky, Ramon Salazar, Frédérique Maindrault-Goebel, Einat Shacham-Shmueli, Emilio Bajetta, Martina Makrutzki, Aijing Shang, Thierry André, Paulo M Hoff
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) After Pleurodesis Against Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE)
Authors: N. Yokoe, A. Kubo, K. Kosaka, R. Hamanaka, A. Matsubara, M. Nishimura, H. Tanaka, N. Asai, A. Takahashi, E. Yamaguchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Do statins have an antiarrhythmic activity?
Authors: M KOSTAPANOS, E LIBEROPOULOS, J GOUDEVENOS, D MIKHAILIDIS, M ELISAF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Sudden cardiac death, which is mainly associated with the presence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, is a common 'killer' among patients with coronary artery disease. Moreover, atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia encountered in the clinical practice. The beneficial effect of statins on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well-established, while the exact role of this class of drugs against arrhythmias remains unclear.