tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unusual Uptake and Retention of I-123 IMP in Brain Tumors
Authors: SHINICHI NAKANO, KAZUO KINOSHITA, SEISHI JINNOUCHI, HIROAKI HOSHI, KATSUSHI WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Ten patients with unusual uptake and retention of I-123 IMP in their brain tumors were studied. Of these ten patients, five had meningiomas and the remaining five had glioblastoma, malignant astrocytoma, malignant lymphoma, metastatic brain tumor, and cellular blue nevus. Six tumors (five meningiomas and the glioblastoma) showed short term retention of I-123 IMP. Three tumors (the malignant astrocytoma, the malignant lymphoma, and the metastatic brain tumor) showed a delayed increase of radioactivity and the cellular blue nevus showed a gradual increase and long term retention of the tracer.
Immune response in asthma: Down modulation by Schistosoma mansoni infection
Authors: M.I. Araujo, J.P. Figueiredo, R.R. Oliveira, M.C.F. Almeida, L.M. Alcantara, B. Hoppe, A. Schriefer, E.M. Carvalho, M. Medeiros
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Phenformin Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The AMA Council on Drugs has reviewed a preliminary report of the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) study of phenformin as treatment of asymptomatic diabetes. The report appears elsewhere in this issue ofThe Journal(p 777). The Council concludes that the UGDP has produced no data indicating that therapy directed toward lowering the blood glucose level in adult-onset, asymptomatic diabetic patients decreases mortality or lowers the incidence of nonfatal cardiovascular complications. Moreover, the findings of this study suggest that over a long period of time phenformin treatment and diet may be less effective than diet alone or diet plus insulin insofar as cardiovascular death rate is concerned.
Physical and Pharmacologic Restraint of Nursing Home Patients With Dementia
Authors: Philip D. Sloane
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This case-control study of 31 specialized dementia units and 32 traditional units in five states investigated use of physical and pharmacologic restraints among 625 patients with the diagnosis of dementia. Physical restraints were observed in use on 18.1% of dementia unit patients and on 51.6% of comparison unit patients who were out of bed during the day (adjusted odds ratio, 0.283;95% confidence interval, 0.129 to 0.619). Pharmacologic restraints were routinely given to 45.3% of dementia unit patients and 43.4% of comparison unit patients (adjusted odds ratio, 0.950; 95% confidence interval, 0.611 to 1.477). We used multivariate logistic regression to identify residence in a nonspecialized nursing home unit, nonambulatory status, transfer dependency, mental status impairment, hip fracture history, and a high nursing staff-to-patient ratio, which we found to be independent predictors of physical restraint use. Physically abusive behavior, severe mental status impairment, and frequent family visitation were found to be significant predictors of pharmacologic restraint use, while advanced patient age, large nursing home size, and patient nonambulatory status were protective against such use. These results support the conclusion that physical and pharmacologic restraint constitute separate treatment modalities with different risk factors for use, and indicate that specialized dementia units are successful in reducing the use of physical but not pharmacologic restraints.This report discusses the results of a study of the use of physical and pharmacologic restraints in the management of patients with dementia among 307 residents in specialized dementia units and 318 residents receiving traditional nursing home care. The authors note the prevalence and types of restraints used among these patients. They also identify those factors such as nonambulatory status, mental status impairment, and physically abusive behavior that were associated with the use of physical and pharmacologic restraints, and they estimate the effect of special dementia units on restraint use.
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Due to Lysosomal α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase Deficiency
Authors: Detlev Schindler, David F. Bishop, David E. Wolfe, Anne M. Wang, Heinz Egge, Ray U. Lemieux, Robert J. Desnick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

AMONG the inherited neurologic diseases, the neuroaxonal dystrophies constitute a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a common axonal lesion.1 These disorders include the infantile (Seitelberger's disease), late-infantile, and juvenile forms of neuroaxonal dystrophy, neuroaxonal leukodystrophy, and Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome, which can be of late-infantile, juvenile, or adult onset. The morphologic hallmark of these disorders is the presence of swellings, or "spheroids," in the terminal endings or the distal portions of axons in the central nervous system, or both. Ultrastructurally, such axonal swellings contain densely packed layers of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and other membranous arrays, among which mitochondria, lysosomes, other organelles, . . .
The effect of insulin dose on the measurement of insulin sensitivity by the minimal model technique. Evidence for saturable insulin transport in humans.
Authors: R L Prigeon, M E Røder, D Porte, S E Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Administration of exogenous insulin during an intravenous glucose tolerance test allows the use of the minimal model technique to determine the insulin sensitivity index in subjects with reduced endogenous insulin responses. To study the effect of different insulin administration protocols, we performed three intravenous glucose tolerance tests in each of seven obese subjects (age, 20-41 yr; body mass index, 30-43 kg/m2). Three different insulin administration protocols were used: a low-dose (0.025 U/kg) infusion given over 10 min, a low-dose (0.025 U/kg) bolus injection, and a high-dose (0.050 U/kg) bolus injection, resulting in peak insulin concentrations of 1,167 +/- 156, 3,014 +/- 483, and 6,596 +/- 547 pM, respectively. The mean insulin sensitivity index was 4.80 +/- 0.95 x 10(-5), 3.56 +/- 0.53 x 10(-5), and 2.42 +/- 0.40 x 10(-5) min-1/pM respectively (chi +/- SEM; P = 0.01). The association of higher peak insulin concentrations with lower measured insulin sensitivity values suggested the presence of a saturable process. Because results were not consistent with the known saturation characteristics of insulin action on tissue, a second saturable site involving the transport of insulin from plasma to interstitium was introduced, leading to a calculated Km of 807 +/- 165 pM for this site, a value near the 1/Kd of the insulin receptor. Thus, the kinetics of insulin action in humans in these studies is consistent with two saturable sites, and supports the hypothesis for transport of insulin to the interstitial space. Saturation may have an impact on minimal model results when high doses of exogenous insulin are given as a bolus, but can be minimized by infusing insulin at a low dose.
Mutations in a TGF-β Ligand, TGFB3, Cause Syndromic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections
Authors: Aida M. Bertoli-Avella, Elisabeth Gillis, Hiroko Morisaki, Judith M.A. Verhagen, Bianca M. de Graaf, Gerarda van de Beek, Elena Gallo, Boudewijn P.T. Kruithof, Hanka Venselaar, Loretha A. Myers, Steven Laga, Alexander J. Doyle, Gretchen Oswald, Gert W.A. van Cappellen, Itaru Yamanaka, Robert M. van der Helm, Berna Beverloo, Annelies de Klein, Luba Pardo, Martin Lammens, Christina Evers, Koenraad Devriendt, Michiel Dumoulein, Janneke Timmermans, Hennie T. Bruggenwirth, Frans Verheijen, Inez Rodrigus, Gareth Baynam, Marlies Kempers, Johan Saenen, Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck, Kenji Minatoya, Ritsu Matsukawa, Takuro Tsukube, Noriaki Kubo, Robert Hofstra, Marie Jose Goumans, Jos A. Bekkers, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, Ingrid M.B.H. van de Laar, Harry C. Dietz, Lut Van Laer, Takayuki Morisaki, Marja W. Wessels, Bart L. Loeys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

Aneurysms affecting the aorta are a common condition associated with high mortality as a result of aortic dissection or rupture. Investigations of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in syndromic types of thoracic aortic aneurysms, such as Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes, have revealed an important contribution of disturbed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling.This study sought to discover a novel gene causing syndromic aortic aneurysms in order to unravel the underlying pathogenesis.We combined genome-wide linkage analysis, exome sequencing, and candidate gene Sanger sequencing in a total of 470 index cases with thoracic aortic aneurysms. Extensive cardiological examination, including physical examination, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed. In adults, imaging of the entire aorta using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was done.Here, we report on 43 patients from 11 families with syndromic presentations of aortic aneurysms caused by TGFB3 mutations. We demonstrate that TGFB3 mutations are associated with significant cardiovascular involvement, including thoracic/abdominal aortic aneurysm and dissection, and mitral valve disease. Other systemic features overlap clinically with Loeys-Dietz, Shprintzen-Goldberg, and Marfan syndromes, including cleft palate, bifid uvula, skeletal overgrowth, cervical spine instability and clubfoot deformity. In line with previous observations in aortic wall tissues of patients with mutations in effectors of TGF-β signaling (TGFBR1/2, SMAD3, and TGFB2), we confirm a paradoxical up-regulation of both canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling in association with up-regulation of the expression of TGF-β ligands.Our findings emphasize the broad clinical variability associated with TGFB3 mutations and highlight the importance of early recognition of the disease because of high cardiovascular risk.
TRANSPLANTABILITY OF TISSUES TO THE EMBRYO OF FOREIGN SPECIES
Authors: James B. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

Inoculation of the Jensen rat sarcoma into the developing chick embryo gives a rapidly growing tumor at the site of inoculation, whether in the membranes or in the body of the chick itself. These tumors by transfer from embryo to embryo can be kept going for as long as forty-six days, and perhaps indefinitely in the foreign species. The rat cells show no morphological change even after a very long dependence. Their biological characters are also retained, as is shown by the fact that the cells when replanted in the rat, after a prolonged sojourn in the chick, will produce a rapidly growing sarcoma of the Jensen type. These rat tissues grown for long periods in the chick show no adaptation to the new species, being destroyed even more rapidly when placed in the adult chicken than cells taken directly from the rat. Morphologically the cells retain a close resemblance to those in the original tumor. Other tissues grown in chick embryo are various embryonic cells from the chicken, mouse, and rat, the Ehrlich sarcoma and chondroma of the mouse, a mammary carcinoma of the mouse, the Flexner-Jobling adenocarcinoma of the rat, and a human sarcoma.
Use of oxytocin and incidence of neonatal jaundice.
Authors: I Chalmers, H Campbell, A C Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A retrospective controlled study using data from the Cardiff Births Survey examined a possible relation between oxytocin administration to induce or accelerate labour and the subsequent development of neonatal jaundice. Among 10 591 infants born in Cardiff between 1970 and 1972 the incidence of neonatal jaundice was higher in infants born after oxytocin administration than among others. Analysis by gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar score, length of labour, sedative and analgesic therapy during labour, and suppression of lactation showed that this association held within all these categories except among small immature infants, who are at high risk of jaundice in any case.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Is Increased in Asthma
Authors: Jeremy A. Scott, Michelle L. North, Mahroukh Rafii, Hailu Huang, Paul Pencharz, Padmaja Subbarao, Jaques Belik, Hartmut Grasemann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor that competes with L-arginine for binding to NOS. It has been suggested that ADMA contributes to inflammation, collagen deposition, nitrosative stress, and lung function in murine models.To test the hypothesis that ADMA is increased in asthma and that NOS inhibition by ADMA contributes to airways obstruction.We assessed alterations of L-arginine, ADMA, and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) levels in a murine model of allergic airways inflammation using LC-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the levels of ADMA observed in the murine model, we further tested the direct effects of nebulized inhaled ADMA on airways responsiveness in naive control mice. We also assessed alterations of L-arginine, ADMA, and SDMA in humans in adult lung specimens and sputum samples from pediatric patients with asthma.ADMA was increased in lungs from the murine model of allergic airways inflammation. Exogenous administration of ADMA to naive mice, at doses consistent with the levels observed in the allergically inflamed lungs, resulted in augmentation of the airways responsiveness to methacholine. ADMA levels were also increased in human asthma lungs and sputum samples.ADMA levels are increased in asthma and contribute to NOS-related pathophysiology.
Clinicopathologic features and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement findings of mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris
Authors: Sang-Tae Kim, Young-Seung Jeon, Hyung-Jun Sim, Sung-Hee Kim, Yun-Kyew Kim, Kee-Suck Suh, Jeong-Hoon Park, Sung-Wook Park
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Exploring the amyloid proteome in immunoglobulin‐derived lymph node amyloidosis using laser microdissection/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Anita D'Souza, Jason Theis, Patrick Quint, Robert Kyle, Morie Gertz, Steven Zeldenrust, Julie Vrana, Ahmet Dogan, Angela Dispenzieri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Amyloidosis affecting lymph nodes (LN) may occur in the setting of systemic amyloidosis or as an entity localized to the site of production (peritumoral). Why some LN amyloid remains peritumoral is unknown. We speculated that the composition of amyloid in these two presentations differs. We analyzed the amyloid proteome in LN amyloid samples to identify differences between the systemic and peritumoral subtypes. In immunoglobulin-derived LN amyloidosis (N = 26), 70% had heavy chain amyloid (AH or mixed AH/AL). True localized LN amyloidosis was rare, with only 2 patients without a monoclonal protein component. Nineteen patients (73%) had typical amyloid syndromes (100% of AL vs 67% of AH/AL, P = 0.02). A trend to improved survival for the AH/AL group in comparison to AL (median 5-year survival 48 vs. 19 months, P = 0.06) was seen. Mass spectrometric amyloid analysis is a powerful tool for characterizing amyloid and may provide additional prognostic information.
OP0042 Do We Know How and When to Stop Immunosuppressants in Lupus Patients?
Authors: Z. Touma, D.D. Gladman, D. Ibanez, M.B. Urowitz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> After achieving low disease activity/remission, immunosuppressant (IS) therapy might be stopped, but information on whether and how this should be done is limited. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine if stopping IS in patients in remission is possible without triggering flare. <h3>Methods</h3> Analysis was conducted on all patients seen in The Lupus Clinic in whom IS was tapered and stopped. Inclusion criteria: 1) in clinical remission (no activity in the clinical SLEDAI-2K descriptors and absence of proteinuria or lupus related thrombocytopenia and leukopenia) and 2) prednisone ≤7.5mg/day. Three time points are identified in each patient: 1) Tapering start - defined as the first visit with a decrease of at least 25% in the dose of IS 2) IS Stop - defined as the day when IS was completely stopped 3) Study end - defined as the date of flare or last clinic visit following IS stop. Study endpoints: Flare - Introduction of new IS or any increase of prednisone dosage in the context of clinically active lupus. Flare was evaluated within the first 2 years from IS stop and also at any time after IS stop. Descriptive statistics were used. Patients who flared within 2 years were compared to those who did not (t-test and χ<sup>2</sup> tests). Kaplan-Meier curve was used to evaluate the time to flare after IS stop. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1678 patients registered at the Lupus Clinic, 973 were ever on IS and 99 stopped IS [56 azathioprine (AZA); 25 methotrexate (MTX), 18 mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)]. At tapering start, mean age was 40.4± 13.1 and mean disease duration was 11.4±9.4 years. The length of time from tapering start to IS stop was 1.5±1.7 years (Median=0.9). Of the 99 patients, 25 flared within 2 years (16 on AZA; 7 on MTX and 2 on MMF; p=0.31). 46 of the patients had follow up available beyond 2 years; 32 were followed beyond 3 years, 26 beyond 4 years and 24 beyond 5 years. 17 patients experienced a flared after year 2. Comparing patients who flared within 2 years to those who did not, the percentage of patients with positive serology at the time of IS stop was greater in those who flared, 68 compared to 41% (Table 1). Time from Tapering start to IS stop was 1.8±1.8 years in the no flare group and 0.9±0.9 years in the flare group (p=0.002). Using KM curve for time to flare (Figure 1) showed that at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years, the percent of patients who flared was 17%, 30%, 46%, 49% and 51% respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Within 2 years, successful stopping of IS is possible in about 70% of clinically stable patients. Half were successful within 3 year and this proportion was stable up to 5 years. Patients who discontinued IS slowly are less likely to flare within 2 years. At the time of IS stop, serologically active patients were more likely to flare on follow-up visits. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5739
Birth Defects in Child of Male Recipient of Kidney Transplant
Authors: Marion B. Tallent
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Reports of normal children being born to kidney transplant recipients, who were receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy, have been made.<sup>1-3</sup>However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of the birth of an abnormal infant whose father had such a transplant. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A female infant, born on March 22, 1969, was immediately transferred to the University of Minnesota Hospitals because of multiple deformities noted at birth. She was the product of an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy. The infant had one maternal uncle with a congenital hearing defect. The mother had taken no drugs during pregnancy. She had had five previous pregnancies, all more than five years earlier, the fourth of which ended in a first-trimester spontaneous abortion. The other children are all living and healthy. This was her first pregnancy since her husband had received a kidney allotransplantation. The father had undergone renal transplantation
Incidence of leukaemia in vicinity of Hinckley Point nuclear power station
Authors: E G Dowsett
Journal: BMJ (1989)

the whole county at the 1971 and 1981 censuses and if we use the proportions of registrations that occur in these age groups we obtain the following: at age 0-14 years there were nine observed cases compared with 7 3 expected (not significant); at age 15-24 years there were 10 observed cases compared with 3 1 expected (p = 0 0014).rhus the significant excess occurs in young adults, not children.It would be interesting to know the exact diagnoses.Thirdly, of the 19 cases, 13 occurred in patients born before 1964, the year that Hinkley Point started operations.This is important in view of speculation that a route involving exposure of the unborn child to radiation is responsible for the excesses of leukaemia observed at, for example, Seascale.
Clostridial myonecrosis. Origin from an obturator hernia in a dialysis patient
Authors: A. B. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1981)

CLOSTRIDIAL organisms are ubiquitous and are found in soil, clothing, and other fomites. They are naturally occurring saprophytes of the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract in humans. Nevertheless, serious clinical infection in man is rare. We describe a patient with myonecrosis secondary to<i>Clostridium septicum</i>. Initially, he had right thigh pain, and later subcutaneous crepitance developed. At surgery, an incarcerated right obturator hernia and extensive right thigh and buttock myonecrosis were found. It is believed that this patient's death was related to extensive myonecrosis secondary to direct extension of<i>C septicum</i>infection from an incarcerated obturator hernia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> For two weeks prior to admission, a 58-year-old nondiabetic dialysis patient, with end-stage renal disease secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis, complained of intermittent crampy pain in the right lower quadrant. Approximately 24 hours before admission, he had an uneventful dialysis but subsequently came to the emergency room three times complaining
Gastric and duodenal ulceration after burns.
Authors: I F Muir, P F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1979)

1893, 100 years after Jenner's pioneering cowpox experiments in the English countryside.My grandfather would have been gratified to learn that his method for purifying the lymph containing the virus had remained essentially the same for almost another century (surely a medical therapeutic record ?).During this time one of the most loathsome of communicable diseases has been extirpated and is medical history.Those of us from the medical schools of St Thomas's and Westminster, where Monckton Copeman was student and pedagogue, have another reason to be proud.
Food Insecurity in Relation to Changes in Hemoglobin A1c, Self-Efficacy, and Fruit/Vegetable Intake During a Diabetes Educational Intervention
Authors: Courtney R. Lyles, Michael S. Wolf, Dean Schillinger, Terry C. Davis, Darren DeWalt, Allison R. Dahlke, Laura Curtis, Hilary K. Seligman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Food insecurity is hypothesized to make diabetes self-management more difficult. We conducted a longitudinal assessment of food insecurity with several diabetes self-care measures.We conducted a secondary, observational analysis of 665 low-income patients with diabetes, all of whom received self-management support as part of a larger diabetes educational intervention. We analyzed baseline food insecurity (measured by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Security module) in relation to changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as self-reported diabetes self-efficacy and daily fruit and vegetable intake. We examined longitudinal differences using generalized estimating equation linear regression models, controlling for time, age, sex, race, income, and intervention arm.Overall, 57% of the sample had an income <$15,000. Participants who were food insecure (33%) were younger, had less income, and were more likely to be unemployed compared with participants who were food secure. At baseline, those who were food insecure had higher mean HbA1c values (8.4% vs. 8.0%) and lower self-efficacy and fruit and vegetable intake than those who were food secure (all P < 0.05). Compared with food-secure individuals, participants who were food insecure had significantly greater improvements in HbA1c over time (0.38% decrease compared with 0.01% decrease; P value for interaction <0.05) as well as in self-efficacy (P value for interaction <0.01). There was no significant difference in HbA1c by food security status at follow-up.Participants experiencing food insecurity had poorer diabetes-related measures at baseline but made significant improvements in HbA1c and self-efficacy. Low-income patients who were food insecure may be particularly receptive to diabetes self-management support, even if interventions are not explicitly structured to address finances or food security challenges.