tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Atypical Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Pascaline Schollaert, Claire Loosen, Marc André, Bernard Chatelain, Bruno M.G. Krug
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after stem-cell transplant is very rare and often remains a diagnostic challenge. Although the diagnostic value of PET/CT has not been evaluated thoroughly in leukemia, it might be useful for detecting these focal localizations. We presented a case of a 58-year-old man, with a prior history of localized bladder cancer and a secondary AML, referred to our hospital with important thoracic backaches. PET/CT revealed the presence of meningeal carcinomatosis at the thoracic level, as well as lymph nodes, and muscular and bone metastases. Immunophenotyping of the cerebrospinal fluid aspirate showed a relapse of AML.
IMPROVED SPECIMEN COLLECTING BOWL
Authors: Maurice H. Herzmark
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  Collecting specimens of urine or feces in the average physician's office or in a patient's home is usually a vexatious problem. Especially is this true for women and children.  To provide a convenient, sanitary and simple means, a plastic bowl with a wire support was devised which can be placed in an ordinary sanitary flush basin. The wire rack supports the bowl on the porcelain edge of the flush bowl so that the seat fits down in the usual position. The patient uses the flush basin in the customary manner with the plastic bowl in place, permitting the specimen to fall into the container without any special attention on the part of the patient (fig. 1 and 2). The wire handle permits emptying the contents with minimum contact. The bowl has two lips to permit grasping the bowl without the wire rack. In a busy office several
Milburn announces setting up of "foundation" hospitals
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Health Secretary Alan Milburn this week set out proposals to establish a new generation of “foundation” hospitals in the NHS, with a greater degree of autonomy than that enjoyed by existing trusts.

Under the new system, managers of the best performing hospitals and primary care trusts would no longer be subject to strict financial and management control from Whitehall and would be given the power to set their own pay rates, he said. They would also be able to establish joint venture companies, get automatic access to capital resources, and be subject to less monitoring and inspection.

But the management of failing hospitals will be “franchised” to organisations with a proved track record, and the franchisees could include private companies and charities.

Mr Milburn expressed a desire to change the NHS from its current role as a “monolithic, centrally run, monopoly provider …
Assessing, Accommodating, and Interpreting the Influences of Heterogeneity
Authors: Thomas A. Louis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Heterogeneity, ranging from measurement error to variation among individuals or regions, influences all levels of data collected for risk assessment. In its role as a nemesis, heterogeneity can reduce the precision of estimates, change the shape of a population model, or reduce the generalizability of study results. In many contexts, however, heterogeneity is the primary object of inference. Indeed, some degree of heterogeneity in excess of a baseline amount associated with a statistical model is necessary in order to identify important determinants of response. This report outlines the causes and influences of heterogeneity, develops statistical methods used to estimate and account for it, discusses interpretations of heterogeneity, and shows how it should influence study design. Examples from dose-response modeling, identification of sensitive individuals, assessment of small area variations and meta analysis provide applied contexts.
Queensland considers how to improve checks on foreign doctors
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Queensland government will hold a royal commission into the issues arising from the appointment of a surgeon to a senior hospital post who had a history of “gross negligence” in the United States.

In 2003 Dr Jayant Patel, who was trained in India, was appointed to the post of director of surgery at Bundaberg Base Hospital, Bundaberg, in central Queensland, at a salary of $A200 000 (£82 000; $160 000). Queensland's chief health officer, Dr Gerry FitzGerald, has confirmed that over the next two years at least 14 of Patel's several hundred patients experienced major complications. Although Dr FitzGerald confirmed that three of the patients …
Phase 2 gene therapy trial of an anti-HIV ribozyme in autologous CD34+ cells
Authors: Ronald T Mitsuyasu, Thomas C Merigan, Andrew Carr, Jerome A Zack, Mark A Winters, Cassy Workman, Mark Bloch, Jacob Lalezari, Stephen Becker, Lorna Thornton, Bisher Akil, Homayoon Khanlou, Robert Finlayson, Robert McFarlane, Don E Smith, Roger Garsia, David Ma, Matthew Law, John M Murray, Christof von Kalle, Julie A Ely, Sharon M Patino, Alison E Knop, Philip Wong, Alison V Todd, Margaret Haughton, Caroline Fuery, Janet L Macpherson, Geoff P Symonds, Louise A Evans, Susan M Pond, David A Cooper
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Reducing the Risk of Maternal–Infant Transmission of HIV by Attacking the Virus
Authors: Martha F. Rogers, Nathan Shaffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The findings of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Protocol 0761 opened the door to a major effort to reduce perinatal infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We have witnessed a dramatic decline of more than 60 percent in the incidence of AIDS in children in the United States.2 Recently, the zidovudine regimen that was used in ACTG Protocol 076 has been shown to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission even among women with advanced disease.3 In addition, the results of randomized clinical trials conducted in the developing world and observational data from the United States indicate that shorter antenatal . . .
The tomato effect. Rejection of highly efficacious therapies
Authors: J. S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE TOMATO ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) is a New World plant, originally found in Peru and carried back to Spain from whence it quickly spread to Italy (pommidoro) and France, where it was known as the pomme d'amour and thought to have aphrodisiac properties (this is the first recorded confusion between the placebo effect and the tomato effect— described herein). By 1560, the tomato was becoming a staple of the continental European diet.  Of interest is that while this exotic fruit from South America (along with other novel products such as potatoes, corn, beans, cocoa, and tobacco) was revolutionizing European eating habits, at the same time it was ignored or actively shunned in North America. 1,2 During the 18th century, tomatoes were not even cultivated in North America. Not until the 1800s did North Americans accept the tomato as edible; commercial cultivation of tomatoes was rare until the 20th century, although in the
Acute T-Cell Activation Is Detectable in Unstable Angina
Authors: Gian Gastone Neri Serneri, Domenico Prisco, Francesca Martini, AnnaMaria Gori, Tamara Brunelli, Loredana Poggesi, Carlo Rostagno, Gian Franco Gensini, Rosanna Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Recent studies suggest a role for inflammation in the pathophysiology of unstable angina. This study was designed to investigate whether circulating lymphocytes are involved in the inflammatory reaction associated with the episodes of unstable angina. Methods and Results Twenty-nine patients with proven unstable angina, 36 with stable angina, and 30 healthy subjects were studied. Both early and short-lived (interleukin-2 receptor [IL-2R], α-chain CD25, and transferrin receptor CD71) and late antigen (HLA-DR) expression were investigated by flow cytometric analysis. Soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R) was also measured in plasma by ELISA. Lymphocyte activation was studied at day 1 of hospital admission and after 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. In patients with unstable angina, the number of HLA-DR+ CD3 lymphocytes and levels of sIL-2R were higher ( P &lt;.001) than in patients with stable angina and control subjects. Both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes expressed HLA-DR antigens. No differences were found among the different groups of subjects in regard to the expression of CD25 and CD71. Lymphocyte activation was more marked in patients with urgent revascularization. No relationships were found between the number of HLA-DR+ lymphocytes and either the severity of coronary angiographic lesions or the number of ischemic episodes. Observations over time showed a gradual decrease in the number of HLA-DR+ lymphocytes and sIL-2R levels from weeks 3 through 8 to 12. Conclusions The present results indicate that (1) CD4+ and CD8+ circulating lymphocytes are activated in patients with unstable angina, and their activation state lasts 6 to 8 weeks; and (2) activation of lymphocytes is not a consequence of myocardial ischemia. These results support the immune system–mediated inflammatory nature of unstable angina.
Regulation of the beta-receptor-adenylate cyolase system in lymphocytes of allergic patients with asthma: Possible role for protein kinase C in allergen-induced nonspecific refractoriness of adenylate cyclase
Authors: H MEURS, H KAUFFMAN, G KOETER, A TIMMERMANS, K DEVRIES
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1987)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in British troops from Belize
Authors: N.C. HEPBURN, M.J. TIDMAN, J.A.A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The medical records of 306 British soldiers in whom a clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis had been made following a tour of duty in Belize were analysed. Parasitological confirmation of the diagnosis was established in 187 cases: leishmania were cultured in 117 cases and Leishman-Donovan bodies were identified histologically in a further 70 cases. Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis was identified in 78 cases and Leishmania mexicana mexicana in a further 29 cases. Seventy-one per cent of patients had a single lesion which, in most cases, occurred on the exposed extremities. The mean diameter of the ulcers was 14.4 mm. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate was effective. Two regimens were used, consisting of either 600-800 mg daily given initially for 10 days, or 600 mg b.d. given initially for 14 days. Of those allocated to the lower dose regimen 48.5% were cured after the initial 10-day course, and ultimately the ulcers of 93% of patients healed following more prolonged treatmentat this dose. Of those allocated to the higher dose regimen 63.9% were cured after the initial 14-day course and ultimately the ulcers of all patients healed after more prolonged treatment at this dose. A transient leucopenia and a rise in liver enzymes were noted during treatment, and these changes were dose-dependent. No cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis were encountered.
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in UVA-irradiated human skin cells<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>
Authors: G. TREINA, C. SCALETTA, A. FOURTANIER, S. SEITÉ, E. FRENK, L. A. APPLEGATE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation represents an important oxidative stress to human skin and certain forms of oxidative stress have been shown to modulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. ICAM-1 has been shown to play an important part in many immune reactions and the perturbations of this molecule by ultraviolet radiation could have implications in many inflammatory responses. An enhancement immunohistochemical method with avidin/biotin was used for analysing the early effects of UVA radiation on human cell cultures and human skin (340-400 nm). Both in vitro and in vivo data show that ICAM-1 staining in epidermal keratinocytes, which was expressed constitutively, decreased in a UVA dose-dependent manner. The decrease was most noted at 3-6 h following UVA radiation with some ICAM-1 staining returning by 48 h post-UVA. ICAM-1 positive staining in the dermis was specific for vascular structures and was increased 24 h after UVA radiation. Cultured dermal fibroblasts exhibited ICAM-1 staining which increased slightly within 6-48 h post-UVA radiation. As epidermal ICAM-1 expression is depleted following UVA radiation and dermal expression increases due to an increase in the vascular structures, ICAM-1 provides a valuable marker following UVA radiation in human skin that can be readily measured in situ.
Abstract 2074: Cool-1-mediated inhibition of c-Cbl modulates multiple critical properties of glioblastomas, including the ability to generate tumors <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Brett M. Stevens, Christopher J. Folts, Addie L. Bardin, Mark Noble
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most malignant glial tumors, differ from normal glial progenitor cells in many ways, but little is known about the molecular circuitry underlying these differences. We have discovered a novel means by which GBMs become chemo-resistant, based on inhibition of the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl pathway by overexpression of Cool-1. The protein c-Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is responsible for the ubiquitination and degradation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases critical for cell division and cell survival. In normal glial progenitor cells of the CNS, exposure to chemotherapy oxidizes cells, leading to sequential activation of Fyn and c-Cbl. However in GBM cells, exposure to BCNU or other chemical pro-oxidants does not lead to c-Cbl activation. Further studies have demonstrated that these agents do cause Fyn activation, suggesting that GBMs inhibit c-Cbl phosphorylation leading to decreased degradation of EGFR, accounting for increased EGFR signaling. We therefore set out to investigate the factors involved in the decreased c-Cbl activity specific to GBMs. In this work we discovered that oxidant-associated c-Cbl activation can be restored by suppressing expression of the protein Cool-1, found to be over-expressed in GBM. Our data further demonstrate that Cool-1 and c-Cbl formed complexes, that genetic reduction in Cool-1 levels restored normal c-Cbl-mediated degradation of RTKs (including EGFR) in response to exposure to pro-oxidants, and that restoration of normal c-Cbl activation has multiple effects on hallmarks of GBM. Cool-1 decreases lead to decreased migration and decreased numbers of cells in the cell cycle. Cool-1 inhibition leads to decreased number of cells that exhibit cancer stem cells characteristics including decreased antigen positivity and decreased sphere forming ability. In contrast, Cool-1/c-Cbl complexes were not found in normal brain or normal glial progenitors and Cool-1 knockdown did not reduce progenitor division. The translation of these findings into an in vivo intracranial xenograft model of GBM shows that Cool-1 is essential for tumorigenesis and decreasing Cool-1 levels leads to decreased tumor take, decreased tumor growth, and increased survival. In sum, the ability of Cool-1/c-Cbl interactions, to modulate a variety of tumor cell properties suggests that these interactions offer an attractive target for modulating GBM growth, particularly due to the absence of Cool-1/c-Cbl complexes in normal brain tissue and to the lack of effects of Cool-1 knockdown on division of normal glial progenitor cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2074. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2074
Relationship of hepatic iron concentration to histochemical grading and to total chelatable body iron in conditions associated with iron overload
Authors: R. J. Walker, J. P. G. Miller, I. W. Dymock, K. B. Shilkin, R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1971)

A simple method based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry and using protein concentration as the reference standard was used for measuring the total tissue iron concentration in needle liver biopsy specimens from 47 patients with varying levels of body iron stores. The values obtained showed a close correlation over a wide range with measurements of total chelatable body iron stores. A comparison with the histochemical assessment of iron deposition showed that only those with grades 3 and 4 had significant increases in iron concentration which is in accord with other clinical observations in such patients. A liver biopsy can thus be of value in the quantitative determination of total body iron overload as well as in the diagnosis of underlying liver disease.
Unusual Mechanism of `Gold Neuropathy'
Authors: Carlos A. Camargo
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to report an unusual case of "gold neuropathy." <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A healthy man received as a present a solid 18-karat gold watch and bracelet. After 3 1/2 weeks of continuous wear, he experienced paresthesia in the medial and dorsal aspect of his left thumb. On examination, a small area of hypesthesia was found and a positive Tinel sign was elicited by tapping over the dorsal and lateral distal end of the radius. Two weeks after he stopped wearing the watch, the symptoms disappeared. <h3>Comment.—</h3> Superficial radial neurapraxia has been previously described,<sup>1</sup>caused by an extremely tight watchband. In the present case, the bracelet was not tight, and the likely explanation for the compression neuropathy relates to the weight of the gold watch and bracelet. Given that the specific gravity of gold (19.1) is much higher than that of steel or even lead,
Early tracheotomy did not reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults ventilated for acute respiratory failure
Authors: Mark D. Soth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Terragni PP, Antonelli M, Fumagalli R, et al. Early vs late tracheotomy for prevention of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010;303:1483-9. 20407057
The vitamin K–dependent anticoagulant factor, protein S, inhibits multiple VEGF-A–induced angiogenesis events in a Mer- and SHP2-dependent manner
Authors: Sylvain Fraineau, Arnaud Monvoisin, Jonathan Clarhaut, Julie Talbot, Claire Simonneau, Chryso Kanthou, Sandip M. Kanse, Michel Philippe, Omar Benzakour
Journal: Blood (2012)
Adverse Reactions Associated With Ticrynafen Use
Authors: David A. McLain
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Three hypertensive patients receiving ticrynafen, a new uricosuric diuretic, experienced adverse reactions. One patient experienced acute renal failure, the second experienced a renal stone, and the third had a fatal hemorrhage while receiving anticoagulation therapy with warfarin sodium. All complications can be explained by known actions of the drug and are preventable. However, these reactions illustrate the potential hazards from widespread substitution of ticrynafen for thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension.
Effects of Acute Removal of Potassium from Dogs
Authors: JOHN M. WELLER, BERNARD LOWN, ROLF V. HOIGNE, NORMAN F. WYATT, MODESTINO CRISCITIELLO, JOHN P. MERRILL, SAMUEL A. LEVINE
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Potassium has been rapidly removed from the circulating blood of dogs in 22 experiments in which other extracellular electrolytes were maintained constant. In these experiments potassium extraction occurred in an acute phase accompanied by a reduction in serum level and a second phase of continued extraction with little change in the extracellular concentration. In the first phase the P wave increased markedly in amplitude and width. The A-V conduction time became prolonged. The QRS complex widened, the T wave became broadened and rounded, and the S-T segment depressed, the latter change occurring in the second phase of dialysis. In these experiments, acute depletion of potassium in dogs consistently reflects the electrocardiographic changes ascribed to hypokalemia.
Abstract 1031: Protein kinase c ∈ regulates tumor necrosis factor-α induced nuclear factor-κB signaling in prostate cancer
Authors: Rachana Garg, Fernando Benavides, Jorge Blando, Hongbin Wang, Maria Cecilia Caino, Marcelo G. Kazanietz
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Protein Kinase C epsilon (PKC∈), a member of the PKC family of phorbol ester/diacylglycerol receptors, has been shown to be up-regulated in human prostate cancer specimens. As PKC∈ plays an important role in prostate cancer cell survival and cooperates with other oncogenic insults, we hypothesized that PKC∈ may regulate NF-κB signaling pathway, known to be highly dysregulated during prostate tumorigenesis. Similar to human tumors, we observed high PKC∈ overexpression in prostate cancer cell lines compared to normal immortalized RWPE-1 cells. PKC∈ depletion using siRNA or its pharmacological inhibition in LNCaP cells resulted in decreased TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, as well as decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation and transactivation of NF-κB reporter activity. Conversely, significant enhancements in these TNFα-induced responses were observed in LNCaP cells upon PKC∈ overexpression using an adenoviral approach. Interestingly, TNFα treatment led to activation of PKC∈ in LNCaP cells, as analyzed by enhanced translocation from cytosolic to membrane fractions. Furthermore, TNFα-mediated PKC∈ translocation and IκBα phosphorylation were found to be dependent on phosphatidylcholine- but not phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. As determined by co-immunoprecipitation, PKC∈ associates with TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) in response to TNFα and has important regulatory consequences in the assembly of TNFR-1 signaling complex. PKC∈ depletion by siRNA decreased the TNFα- mediated recruitment of receptor interacting protein (RIP) and TNFR-associated factor-2 (TRAF2), which are both known to mediate NF-κB activation. In accordance with the co-immunoprecipitation results, siRNA-mediated PKC∈ depletion inhibits TNFR1, TRADD, TRAF2, IKK-β- mediated NF-κB reporter activity. Furthermore, effects of PKC∈ overexpression on NF-κB transcriptional activity correlated well with the increased mRNA levels of known NF-κB regulated genes involved in cell survival, inflammation, invasion and angiogenesis (Cox2, VEGF, MMP9, and IL8). Finally, we found that in preneoplastic lesions from transgenic mice overexpressing PKC∈ in the prostate there is enhanced NF-κB activation. In summary, our study established a molecular link between PKC∈ and NF-κB in prostate cancer and suggests a prominent role for this pathway in prostate cancer cell survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1031. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1031
CONTAMINATED MEDICINE DROPPERS
Authors: G. Henry Mundt
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, May 30, is a communication on nose drop contamination. This prompts a thought relative to the use of dropper bottles for eye medicines. I think it is careless, to say the least, for the eye physician as well as others to instil drops in eyes with the use of a general dropper which contaminates the solution and which could easily cause a spread of infection to other patients. For many years in my office I have used droppers which are boiled after use and are never put into the solution to be dispensed after the dropper has been used on the patient. It interests me that one large drug house which is doing much to popularize the use of a reasonably new eye medicament sells it and samples it in a container with a dropper cap which invites cross infection. I believe that the