tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preservation of platelets during extracorporeal circulation in sheep. A comparison between aspirin and sulfinpyrazone.
Authors: E R Townsend, J Duffin, M Ali, J W McDonald, J J Thiesson, J Masterson, P Klement, J D Cooper
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We studied the effect of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone on changes in platelet count, thromboxane B2 production, and pulmonary vascular resistance following the onset of veno-venous membrane oxygenator perfusion in sheep. Perfusion under identical circumstances was performed in three groups of animals, with one group serving as controls, one group receiving pretreatment with 1.5 grams of sulfinpyrazone iv, and one group receiving pretreatment with aspirin 50 mg/kg, iv. Both aspirin and sulfinpyrazone eliminated the rise in thromboxane B2 and the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance seen in control animals. Platelet preservation was improved significantly with sulfinpyrazone pretreatment, but not affected by aspirin. We conclude that sulfinpyrazone and aspirin have different mechanisms of action as far as platelet preservation during extracorporeal perfusion is concerned. The major difference may be sulfinpyrazone's ability to reduce platelet adhesion to the membrane surface. Since both aspirin and sulfinpyrazone eliminated the pulmonary vascular-response, but only sulfinpyrazone preserved platelets, it is apparent that the pulmonary vascular response is more closely related to thromboxane synthesis than to platelet disappearance.
DOWNSTREAM CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY AND REVASCULARIZATION AFTER ABNORMAL MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING IN PATIENTS WITH POSSIBLE ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Paul Cremer, Shaden Khalaf, Ellen Mayer Sabik, Manuel Cerqueira, Venu Menon, Wael Jaber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Rubidium: Biochemical, Behavioral, and Metabolic Studies in Humans
Authors: RONALD R. FIEVE, HERBERT MELTZER, DAVID L. DUNNER, MORTON LEVITT, JULIEN MENDLEWICZ, ANN THOMAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

A growing body of experimental evidence indicates that rubidium possesses unique neurophysiological characteristics in animal systems, suggesting a need for investigating its antidepressant potential in humans. Lithium, an element in the same periodic series, has been used successfully in the treatment of mania. A number of studies have demonstrated that rubidium and lithium have contrasting behavioral, EEG, and biochemical properties. Over a period of 20 to 86 days. five depressed patients received varying doses of rubidium chloride, up to a maximum of 370 mEq. retained. No immediate or long-term side effects were recorded in this preliminary dose range. Behavioral and metabolic data are presented for these patients, along with a discussion of the safety factors.
A Humanized Mouse Model of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Suggests a Pathogenic Role for Immature Cells
Authors: Anne-Laure Sellier-Leclerc, Arnaud Duval, Ste[Combining Acute Accent]phanie Riveron, Marie-Alice Macher, Georges Deschenes, Chantal Loirat, Marie-Christine Verpont, Michel Peuchmaur, Pierre Ronco, Renato C. Monteiro, Elie Haddad
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is characterized by glomerular proteinuria in the absence of infiltrating cells or immunoglobulin deposits. Although it is suspected that T cells secrete a circulating factor that leads to proteinuria by altering the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, the precise etiology of this syndrome is unknown. Because an animal model that mimics human idiopathic nephrotic syndrome does not exist, we developed a humanized mouse model of the disease by injecting CD34(+) stem cells or CD34(-) peripheral blood mononuclear cells from afflicted patients into immunocompromised mice. Even though both CD34(+) and CD34(-) cells induced the engraftment of human CD45(+) leukocytes in mice, only the injection of CD34(+) stem cells induced albuminuria. Ultrastructural analysis of glomeruli from the resulting proteinuric mice revealed effacement of podocyte foot processes, similar to the pathology observed in the human disease. Therefore, our data suggest that the cells responsible for the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are more likely to be immature differentiating cells rather than mature peripheral T cells.
The majority of transformed lymphomas have high standardized uptake values (SUVs) on positron emission tomography (PET) scanning similar to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
Authors: A. Noy, H. Schöder, M. Gönen, M. Weissler, K. Ertelt, C. Cohler, C. Portlock, P. Hamlin, H.W.D. Yeung
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Use of the Site of Subcutaneous Insulin Administration for the Measurement of Glucose in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stefan Lindpointner, Stefan Korsatko, Gerd Köhler, Hans Köhler, Roland Schaller, Ruthy Kaidar, Ofer Yodfat, Lukas Schaupp, Martin Ellmerer, Thomas R. Pieber, Werner Regittnig
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To simplify and improve the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes, we ascertained whether the site of subcutaneous insulin infusion can be used for the measurement of glucose. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three special indwelling catheters (24-gauge microperfusion [MP] catheters) were inserted into the subcutaneous adipose tissue of subjects with type 1 diabetes (n = 10; all C-peptide negative). One MP catheter was perfused with short-acting insulin (100 units/ml, Aspart) and used for insulin delivery and simultaneous glucose sampling during an overnight fast and after ingestion of a standard glucose load (75 g). As controls, the further two MP catheters were perfused with an insulin-free solution (5% mannitol) and used for glucose sampling only. Plasma glucose was measured frequently at the bedside. RESULTS Insulin delivery with the MP catheter was adequate to achieve and maintain normoglycemia during fasting and after glucose ingestion. Tissue glucose concentrations derived with the insulin-perfused catheter agreed well with plasma glucose levels. Median correlation coefficient and median absolute relative difference values were found to be 0.93 (interquartile range 0.91–0.97) and 10.9%, respectively. Error grid analysis indicated that the percentage number of tissue values falling in the clinically acceptable range is 99.6%. Comparable analysis results were obtained for the two mannitol-perfused catheters. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that estimation of plasma glucose concentrations from the glucose levels directly observed at the site of subcutaneous insulin infusion is feasible and its quality is comparable to that of estimating plasma glucose concentrations from glucose levels measured in insulin-unexposed subcutaneous tissue.
Lipoprotein(a) in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Victor Gurewich
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The role of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in coronary heart disease (CHD), once considered to be well established, has recently been put into question. For example, in a prospective, nested case-control study of the Helsinki Heart Study participants, Jauhiainen et al<sup>1</sup>found no significant increase in risk of CHD associated with higher levels of Lp(a) among 138 hyperlipidemic men who developed coronary events compared with 130 controls. A similar lack of association between Lp(a) and clinical CHD was reported by Simons et al<sup>2</sup>from a cross-sectional analysis of 1202 men and 1512 women older than 60 years. The skewed and broad distribution of Lp(a) levels, ranging from 1.0 mg/dL (0.03 mmol/L) to 210.0 mg/dL (5.25 mmol/L), was strikingly similar in the two groups. Finally, in a report published recently inThe JOURNALinvolving the prospective Physicians' Health Study, Ridker et al<sup>3</sup>found a "virtually identical" Lp(a) distribution among 296
Similarities and differences between selective and nonselective BAFF blockade in murine SLE
Authors: Meera Ramanujam, Xiaobo Wang, Weiqing Huang, Zheng Liu, Lena Schiffer, Haiou Tao, Daniel Frank, Jeffrey Rice, Betty Diamond, Karl O.A. Yu, Steven Porcelli, Anne Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

B cells have multiple roles in immune activation and inflammation separate from their capacity to produce antibodies. B cell depletion is currently under intense investigation as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. The TNF family members B cell–activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and its homolog A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are B cell survival and differentiation factors and are therefore rational therapeutic targets. We compared the effects of BAFF receptor–Ig, which blocks only BAFF, with those of transmembrane activator and calcium modulator ligand interactor–Ig, which blocks both BAFF and APRIL, in a murine SLE model. Both reagents prolonged the life of NZB/W F1 mice when given either before or after disease onset. Many immunologic effects of the 2 reagents were similar, including B cell and B cell subset depletion and prevention of the progressive T cell activation and dendritic cell accumulation that occurs with age in NZB/W mice without substantial effects on the emergence of the IgG anti–double-stranded DNA response. Furthermore, both reagents inhibited the T cell–independent marginal zone B cell response to particulate antigen delivered i.v., but not the B1 B cell response to the same antigen delivered i.p. In contrast, blockade of both BAFF and APRIL, but not blockade of BAFF alone, reduced the serum levels of IgM antibodies, decreased the frequency of plasma cells in the spleen, and inhibited the IgM response to a T cell–dependent antigen. The differences between selective and nonselective BAFF blockade are relevant to the choice of a BAFF blocking agent for the treatment of autoimmune and malignant diseases.
Contrast enhanced aortic duplex ultrasonography scanning (CEADUSS) – A laboratory model phantom to compare and determine the limitations of enhanced and unenhanced ultrasonography scanning for post-operative surveillance of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR)
Authors: S. Dindyal, A. Sud, M. Brewin, A. Thrush, M. Birch, C. Kyriakides
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2011)
Metal-binding proteins as metal pollution indicators.
Authors: H F Hennig
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The fact that metal-binding proteins are a consequence of elevated metal concentration in organisms is well known. What has been overlooked is that the presence of these proteins provides a unique opportunity to reformulate the criteria of metal pollution. The detoxification effect of metal-binding proteins in animals from polluted areas has been cited, but there have been only very few studies relating metal-binding proteins to pollution. This lack is due partly to the design of most experiments, which were aimed at isolation of metal-binding proteins and hence were of too short duration to allow for correlation to adverse physiological effects on the organism. In this study metal-binding proteins were isolated and characterized from five different marine animals (rock lobster, Jasus lalandii; hermit crab, Diogenes brevirostris; sandshrimp, Palaemon pacificus; black mussel, Choromytilus meridionalis; and limpet, Patella granularis). These animals were kept under identical metal-enriched conditions, hence eliminating differences in method and seasons. The study animals belonged to different phyla; varied in size, mass, age, behavior, food requirements and life stages; and accumulated metals at different rates. It is possible to link unseasonal moulting in crustacea, a known physiological effect due to a metal-enriched environment, to the production of the metal-binding protein without evidence of obvious metal body burden. Thus a new concept of pollution is defined: the presence of metal-binding proteins confirms toxic metal pollution. This concept was then tested under field conditions in the whelk Bullia digitalis and in metal-enriched grass.
Interspecies comparison of calmodulin binding proteins throughout the gastrointestinal tract: comparison with human colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas.
Authors: T J McGarrity, L P Peiffer, M L Billingsley
Journal: Gut (1991)

Calmodulin is an ubiquitous cytoplasmic protein which mediates many of the actions of calcium on intestinal tissue including regulation of growth and differentiation of normal and neoplastic cells. Using a biotinylated calmodulin overlay system, we compared the pattern of calmodulin binding proteins throughout the gastrointestinal tract of mice, rats, rabbits, and humans, and in human colonic adenomas and adenocarcinomas. A common calmodulin binding protein of 67 kDa was found in membrane and cytosolic fractions of oesophagus, stomach, proximal and distal small intestine, and colon from all four species. In human tissue this 67 kDa protein was present in greatest concentration in stomach tissue. Furthermore, a 67 kDa binding protein was the major calmodulin binding protein from human stomach and ileum as determined by ion exchange and calmodulin affinity chromatography. A similar pattern of binding proteins was noted between rabbit and human cytosolic fractions; proteins of 60/67 kDa and 105 kDa were present in stomach tissue. A 94 kDa protein was present in samples of rabbit and human ileum but not of mouse or rat. A similar pattern of calmodulin binding proteins was seen in normal and neoplastic large bowel tissue, apart from one of nine adenocarcinomas, where a distinct 54 kDa band was noted in both cytosolic and membrane fractions. The results of this study show interspecies and organ differences between calmodulin binding proteins, but suggest that a 67 kDa protein is the major binding protein present throughout normal gastro-intestinal tract and neoplastic human tissue.
Randomised controlled trial to compare surgical stabilisation of the lumbar spine with an intensive rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic low back pain: the MRC spine stabilisation trial
Authors: Jeremy Fairbank, Helen Frost, James Wilson-MacDonald, Ly-Mee Yu, Karen Barker, Rory Collins
Journal: BMJ (2005)

To assess the clinical effectiveness of surgical stabilisation (spinal fusion) compared with intensive rehabilitation for patients with chronic low back pain.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia occurring in the course of polycythemia vera
Authors: Arnaud D. Roth, Arsinur Oral, Donna Przepiorka, Susanne M. Gollin, Paul A. Chervenick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

We are reporting an unusual case of a 54-year-old woman with polycythemia vera (PV) who developed Ph chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) 8 years after the initial diagnosis of PV, and terminating in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 11 years after the initial diagnosis. Cytogenetic studies revealed a normal female karyotype at the time of diagnosis of PV and the presence of a Ph chromosome at the time of appearance of CML. Southern blot hybridization revealed a bcr rearrangement in both mononuclear cells and granulocytes. The diagnosis of ALL was established on the basis of morphology, positive TdT staining, and monoclonal antibody studies positive for 12, B4, and J5. This case demonstrates the transition of PV into CML, followed by a blastic transformation into acute lymphocytic leukemia. At termination of her disease there were findings compatible with bi-phenotypic leukemia. These findings would suggest that the disease arose in a primitive multipotential stem cell.
Percutaneous and surgical interventions for in-stent restenosis: long-term outcomes and effect of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ali Moustapha, Abid R Assali, Stefano Sdringola, William K Vaughn, R.David Fish, Oscar Rosales, George Schroth, Zvonimir Krajcer, Richard W Smalling, H.Vernon Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Antibiotic allergy in cystic fibrosis
Authors: J S Parmar
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Allergic reactions to antibiotics are more common in cystic fibrosis (CF) than in the general population. This in part is due to the improving survival in adults with CF and the increased use of high dose intravenous antibiotics. While some are immediate anaphylaxis type (IgE mediated) reactions, the majority are late onset and may have non-specific features such as rash and fever. Piperacillin has consistently been found to have the highest rate of reported reactions (30–50%). There is a low risk of cross reactions between penicillins and other non-β-lactam classes of antibiotics in penicillin skin prick positive patients. Carbapenems should only be used with extreme caution in patients with positive skin prick tests to penicillin. However, aztreonam can be used safely in patients who are penicillin allergic with positive skin prick reactions. The aminoglycosides are a relatively uncommon cause of allergic reactions, but patients who react to one member of the family may cross react with other aminoglycosides. Desensitisation relies on the incremental introduction of small quantities of the allergen and has been used for penicillins, ceftazidime, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin and must be repeated before each course. Personalised cards should be regularly updated for patients who develop allergic reactions. Written instructions on the emergency treatment of allergic reactions should be provided to patients self-administering intravenous antibiotics at home. Further research is required to identify risk factors and predictors for antibiotic allergy.
Concussion and concurrent cognitive and sport-specific task performance in youth ice hockey players: a pilot study
Authors: Nick Reed, Philippe Fait, Olinda Habib Perez, Karl Zabjek, Michelle L Keightley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To determine the influence of concussion on cognitive performance while completing concurrent sport-specific tasks to further inform return to play protocols for youth athletes. Design This descriptive case pilot study compared the performance of youth ice hockey players who had experienced a concussion in the last ice hockey season to non-injured controls. Setting Youth athletes were assessed while performing ice hockey skills in an ice hockey arena. Participants Four male youth ice hockey players who experienced a concussion during the previous ice hockey season (mean age=11.7±0.29 years; mean time since injury=92.5±49.0 days) and nine non-injured control subjects (mean age=11.4±1.0 years). Intervention Participants completed a randomised combination of four tasks (unobstructed skating, visual interference task, avoiding a fixed obstacle, stickhandling an ice hockey puck). Outcome Measures Response errors and response reaction time dual-task costs during visual interference task (modified Stroop task). Results Participants who experienced a concussion within the past ice hockey season and were ≤58 days post-injury demonstrated significantly poorer cognitive performance (increased dual task cost) across all conditions when performing concurrent sport-specific skills (based on 95% CI). Conclusions Youth ice hockey players with a more recent concussion demonstrated greater cognitive deficits compared to controls. This study acts as an initial step towards the development of an ecologically valid, sport-specific assessment of functional performance following concussion in youth ice hockey players. Acknowledgements Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation, Quebec Rehabilitation Research Network (ONF-REPAR). Competing interests None.
Measuring Residual Estrogen Receptor Availability during Fulvestrant Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Michel van Kruchten, Elisabeth G. de Vries, Andor W. Glaudemans, Meta C. van Lanschot, Martijn van Faassen, Ido P. Kema, Myles Brown, Carolien P. Schröder, Erik F. de Vries, Geke A. Hospers
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract It is unknown whether the current dose of fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, is sufficient for maximal ER downregulation in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We performed a feasibility study to assess ER availability before and during fulvestrant. Sixteen patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) at baseline (scan 1), day 28 (scan 2), and day 84 (scan 3) to monitor tumor [18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) uptake. Incomplete reduction in ER availability was predefined as &amp;lt;75% decrease in median tumor FES uptake and a residual standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of ≥1.5. In total, 131 FES-positive lesions were identified (median SUVmax of 2.9; range, 1.7–6.5). The median change in patients during fulvestrant treatment was −85% at scan 2, but varied widely (−99% to +60%). Fulvestrant reduced tumor FES uptake incompletely at scan 2 in 6 (38%) of the 16 patients, which was associated with early progression. Significance: Serial imaging of tumor estrogen uptake by FES-PET can give insight into the dose needed for ER antagonists to completely abolish ER. FES-PET showed significant residual ER availability in tumors during fulvestrant therapy in 38% of patients, which was associated with early progression. Cancer Discov; 5(1); 72–81. ©2014 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Toluidine Blue Staining Identifies High-Risk Primary Oral Premalignant Lesions with Poor Outcome
Authors: Lewei Zhang, Michele Williams, Catherine F. Poh, Denise Laronde, Joel B. Epstein, Scott Durham, Hisae Nakamura, Ken Berean, Alan Hovan, Nhu D. Le, Greg Hislop, Robert Priddy, John Hay, Wan L. Lam, Miriam P. Rosin
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract There is a pressing need for the development of visual aids that will facilitate the detection of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) with a high-risk of progression. Preliminary data suggest that toluidine blue stain may be preferentially retained by OPLs with high-risk molecular clones. In this study, we monitored OPLs from 100 patients without any history of oral cancer for an average of 44 months in order to evaluate the association of toluidine blue status with clinicopathologic risk factors, molecular patterns (microsatellite analysis on seven chromosome arms: 3p, 9p, 4q, 8p, 11q, 13q, and 17p) and outcome. Toluidine blue–positive staining correlated with clinicopathologic risk factors and high-risk molecular risk patterns. Significantly, a &amp;gt;6-fold elevation in cancer risk was observed for toluidine blue–positive lesions, with positive retention of the dye present in 12 of the 15 lesions that later progressed to cancer (P = 0.0008). This association of toluidine blue status with risk factors and outcome was evident even when the analysis was restricted to OPLs with low-grade or no dysplasia. Our results suggest the potential use of toluidine blue in identifying high-risk OPLs.