tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction patterns of 70 genes during nine days after hepatectomy define the temporal course of liver regeneration.
Authors: B A Haber, K L Mohn, R H Diamond, R Taub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Liver regeneration is an important process that allows for recovery from hepatic injuries caused by viruses, toxins, ischemia, surgery, and transplantation. Previously, we identified > 70 immediate-early genes induced in regenerating liver after hepatectomy, 41 of which were novel. While it is expected that the proteins encoded by these genes may have important roles in regulating progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle during regeneration, we were surprised to note that many of these "early" genes are expressed for extended periods during the hepatic growth response. Here we define several patterns of expression of immediate-early, delayed-early, and liver-specific genes during the 9-d period after hepatectomy. One pattern of induction parallels the major growth period of the liver that ends at 60-72 h after hepatectomy. A second pattern has two peaks coincident with the first and second G1 phases of the two hepatic cell cycles. A third group, which includes liver-specific genes such as C/EBP alpha, shows maximal expression after the growth period. Although the peak in DNA synthesis in nonparenchymal cells occur 24 h later than in hepatocytes, most of the genes studied demonstrate similar induction in both cell types. This finding suggests that the G0/G1 transition occurs simultaneously in all cells in the liver, but that the G1 phase of nonparenchymal cells may be relatively prolonged. Finally, we examined the expression of > 70 genes in clinical settings that could induce liver regeneration, including after perfusion in a donor liver, hepatic ischemia, and fulminant hepatic failure. We found that a small number of early and liver-specific genes were selectively activated in human livers under these conditions, and we thereby provide a potential means of measuring the caliber of the regenerative response in clinical situations.
THE DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL HEAT ELIMINATED BY THE HUMAN BEING 1
Authors: Margaret Woodwell Johnston, L. H. Newburgh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

It is desirable to be able to determine accurately the total energy exchange of human subjects who are to be observed for a number of consecutive days during which a variety of diets may be fed and a certain amount of activity must be permitted.The chamber calorimeter is in general impractical, nor is the average heat production ob- tained through repeated determination by means of indirect calorim- etry satisfactory.We have accordingly taken up the question whether a third method recently brought forward by Benedict and Root (1) could not be modified to meet this need.They have shown that the amount of the "Insensible Perspiration" bears a definite quantitative relationship to the metabolic rate under basal conditions.They obtained the loss of weight per hour of subjects in the basal state by means of a delicate balance, sufficiently large to support the necessary weight; and plotted this against the basal calories for twenty-four hours, obtained by a standard method.By so doing they found that the heat loss for a unit of time is a linear function of the insensible loss of weight for that interval of time.They accordingly concluded that the twenty-four-hour basal heat production could be predicted from the hourly basal insensible loss of weight.The insensible loss of weight includes of necessity the water vapor eliminated from the body.This vaporization of water is an important mechanism for the removal of heat.If the insensible loss of weight bears a constant relationship to the heat elimination, it is necessary that two conditions be fulfilled: (1) The organism must lose a fixed proportion of its heat by vaporization of water and (2) the weight of Aided by a grant from The Fellowship Corporation.
Facilitating Patient-Specific Decisions Regarding Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Serge Rozenberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Col and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have proposed a partitioning diagram, based on the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and osteoporosis, to identify patients who would benefit from hormone replacement therapy (HRT). We recently conducted a survey evaluating the attitude of Belgian gynecologists concerning HRT initiation. We used hypothetical cases that were created with different risk levels of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and breast cancer. A total of 4108 cases were analyzed.<sup>2</sup>No cases with left ventricular hypertrophy, a systolic pressure of greater than 174 mm Hg, or more than 1 relative with breast cancer were included, but the other risk factors used by Col et al were present. The hip fracture risk was based on the T score obtained with the vertebral bone mineral measurement, using the definitions for low bone mass (T score, &lt;-1) and osteoporosis (T score, &lt;-2) as suggested by
Recommended standards for modern tuberculosis laboratory services in Europe
Authors: F. A. Drobniewski, S. Hoffner, S. Rusch-Gerdes, G. Skenders, V. Thomsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The principles underpinning these standards are that any tuberculosis laboratory-based diagnostic procedure should be performed by appropriately trained staff, working to standardised operating procedures in appropriately equipped and safe laboratories, against clear national and international proficiency and quality standards. Quality should be the pre-eminent criteria, not cost. The standards are technologically feasible, but initially may not be within the financial capacity of all laboratories. There is a requirement for government and international donors to adequately fund an appropriate safe infrastructure to enable staff to deliver accurate and timely results at whatever level of activity they are performing. There is a need for national reference laboratories to train a new cadre of mycobacterial laboratory experts. This will require the funding of appropriate individuals at these centres to train and assist in the implementation of good laboratory practice and evaluation to build sustainable capacity. Further operational research is needed to establish the optimal configuration of new technologies to determine isoniazid, rifampicin and second-line drug susceptibility in mycobacterial cultures and also, increasingly, directly on specimens. Improved integration of laboratory medicine as a core part of all tuberculosis programmes is needed to achieve and maximise the potential of new developments.
Familial aggregation of Behcet's disease in Turkey
Authors: A. Gul
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Familial aggregation of Behçet's disease has been reported previously. The current study aimed at investigating the sibling recurrence risk ratio (lambda s) for Behçet's disease, which is of value in the estimation of the magnitude of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease.170 consecutive unrelated index cases (98 male, 72 female) were interviewed with a detailed questionnaire to ascertain their family trees and the manifestations of Behçet's disease in their relatives. Subsequently, the immediately older sibling, or if an older sibling was not available, the immediately younger sibling, was selected as the second sibling for the evaluation. These siblings were contacted by telephone, and all subjects with recurrent oral ulcers were invited for examination.31 of the 170 index cases had 51 relatives fulfilling the International Study Group criteria. Among 166 second siblings, seven had Behçet's disease (six male, one female) and 22 siblings (eight male, 14 female) with recurrent oral ulcers were identified. Sibling recurrence rate-defined as the ratio of the risk of being affected among the siblings of patients and the risk of being affected in the general population- was found to be 4.2%, which gives a lambda s value for Behçet's disease of between 11.4 and 52.5 in Turkey.A high lambda s value supports a strong genetic background for Behçet's disease which will be helpful in designing genetic linkage studies.
Hyperthyroidism After Propranolol Withdrawal
Authors: Louis Shenkman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Classic features of thyrotoxicosis developed in three patients with no prior history of thyroid disease shortly after the discontinuation of therapy with or decrease in doseage of propranolol hydrochloride. Graves' disease probably developed fortuitously after propranolol therapy was instituted, but the beta-adrenergic blockade masked the clinical features of hyperthyroidism. On discontinuation of propranolol therapy or decrease in propranolol dosage, previously latent thyrotoxicosis became manifest. If hyperthyroidism masked by beta-blockade is not recognized before withdrawal of propranolol therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease, the sudden appearance of thyrotoxicosis may lead to symptoms of increased myocardial ischemia.
VIABILITY OF BACILLUS TYPHOSUS IN OYSTERS DURING STORAGE
Authors: FRED O. TONNEY
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Many epidemics of typhoid fever have been attributed to raw oysters grown in polluted waters. Conn,<sup>1</sup>Pennington,<sup>2</sup>Bulstrode,<sup>3</sup>Thresh and Wood,<sup>4</sup>Soper,<sup>5</sup>Netter,<sup>6</sup>Stiles,<sup>7</sup>Brooks<sup>8</sup>and others have referred to oysters as the probable source of infection of more or less definite epidemics. More recently, a typhoid outbreak of 129 cases in Chicago, the epidemiology of which was reported by Bundesen,<sup>9</sup>and concurrent outbreaks in other cities of the United States, have brought the subject of oyster-borne typhoid again into prominence. The evidence incriminating oysters in most of the reported cases has been epidemiologic in nature, for the actual isolation of<i>B. typhosus</i>has been accomplished in very few instances. Klein,<sup>10</sup>Johnstone<sup>11</sup>and Stiles have reported the isolation of<i>B. typhosus</i>from oysters taken from sewage-contaminated beds. A typhoid-like organism reported by Johnstone did not conform strictly in its
476. HIV-1 and HIV-2 Chimeric Lentiviral Vectors for Gene Transfer
Authors: Geetanjali Sachdeva, Kritika Kachapati, Suresh Arya
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

To more fully exploit the translational potential of lentiviral vectors, three issues must be addressed: regulation, safety, and targeting. One major concern of safety is the possibility of recombination events generating replication competent virus, be that in the laboratory during vector production and in the clinic for gene transfer with patients who might be infected with HIV. We describe here our efforts to enhance safety without sacrificing efficiency of transduction. We start with the premise that the genetic sequences of HIV-1 and HIV-2 are dissimilar enough not to engage in recombination, yet similar enough to functionally complement. Thus, we are creating chimeric or hybrid vectors between HIV-1 and HIV-2 by knowledge-based exchanges of genes and subgenic regions. Cross packaging experiments showed that with the HIV-1 'wild type' packaging construct, the titer (TU/ml) of the vectors for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 vector RNA was approximately the same. However, with the 'wild type' HIV-2 packaging construct, the titer of HIV-2 vector RNA was higher than that of the HIV-1 vector RNA. This might imply that the requirements for recognition and packaging with HIV-2 packaging machinery were more stringent that with HIV-1 packaging machinery. To test that, we created chimeric packaging constructs where 5'-halfs and 3'-halfs of the packaging constructs were exchanged. With the chimeric HIV-2 packaging construct where its 'gag-pol' segment was replaced with the corresponding HIV-1 segment, the titer of the HIV-1 vector improved and that of the HIV-2 vector declined, as compared with the 'wild type' HIV-2 packaging constructs. There was much less change in the titer with the chimeric HIV-2 packaging construct when the 'tat-rev' region was exchanged. Though in need of further dissection, these observations may be consistent with idea of the importance of Gag in recognition and encapsidation. Serial passage of the vector supernatants of HIV-1 or HIV-2 vectors packaged with the wild type or chimeric packaging constructs gave no evidence for recombination; after the first passage, no transgene expression was observed. Though preliminary, the results support the idea that chimeric or hybrid vectors can be created with enhanced safety features without loss of effectiveness.
TCTAP A-022 Comparison of Short-Term Clinical Outcomes Between New P2Y12 Receptor Inhibitors and Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Keun-Ho Park, Myung-Ho Jeong, Doo Sun Sim, Young Joon Hong, Ju Han Kim, Young-Keun Ahn, Taehoon Ahn, Ki-Bae Seung, Dong Joo Oh, Hyo-Soo Kim, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, In-Whan Seong, Shung Chull Chae, Kwon-Bae Kim, Young Jo Kim, Kwang Soo Cha, Seok Kyu Oh, Jei Keon Chae
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Authors: M. Di Gioacchino, G. Pizzicannella, N. Fini, F. Falasca, R. Antinucci, S. Masci, A. Mezzetti, L. Marzio, F. Cuccurullo
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Two patients suffering from eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) were treated with sodium cromoglycate (SCG). Before treatment they showed enteric and cutaneous symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and recurrent urticaria and angioedema. The histological findings were a notable amount of eosinophilic infiltration in the lamina propria and gastric glands, a villous shortening and thickening and weak eosinophilic inflammation in the duodenum. The patients were treated with 300 mg SCG, 4 times daily, for 4/5 months. During treatment, the clinical symptoms disappeared and at the end of treatment a reduced inflammation with an almost complete decrease of eosinophilic infiltration was observed. The results provide evidence of SCG efficacy in the treatment of EG and suggest its employment as an alternative to the steroids commonly used in EG.
The patient's perspective: we all want private hospital rooms
Authors: C. Berry
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I agree with Hugh Pennington when he states, in the accompanying debate, that “single rooms increase privacy, dignity, and confidentiality.”1 A single room ensures that I don’t have to balance on a commode while fighting with curtains and equipment. I don’t have to be embarrassed by my own or others’ bodily sounds or if I expose my flesh. If you are acutely unwell—for example, with vomiting or diarrhoea, which is horrible at the best of times, let alone in public—it is better that you endure this in private.

I also agree that in a single room patients “sleep better because there is less noise.” I know fellow patients who have been kept awake all night by noises such as snoring. And a friend, who has been admitted …
Long-term beneficial effect of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Shi-Ming Lin, I-Shyan Sheen, Rong-Nan Chien, Chia-Ming Chu, Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

To examine the long–term effect of interferon (IFN) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, particularly on survival and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevention, 101 male patients with chronic hepatitis B in a randomized controlled trial were followed up for 1.1 to 11.5 years after the end of therapy. Of the 101 patients, 34 patients received a placebo (control), and 67 patients were treated with IFN (31 patients were treated with IFN alone and 36 patients were treated with IFN after prednisolone priming). Follow–up studies included clinical, biochemical, and virological aspects and HCC screening every 3 to 6 months. Twenty–eight (42%) of the 67 IFN–treated patients and 8 (24%) of the 34 untreated patients seroconverted by the end of the trial. During follow–up, 22 (56%) of the 39 patients who did not seroconvert in the treated group and 5 (19%) of the 26 patients who did not seroconvert in the control group showed a delayed sustained response ( P &lt; .005). The cumulative incidence of sustained response was highest in the steroid priming group ( P = .049 vs. the IFN-alone group; P = .028 vs. the control group). HCC was detected in 1 (1.5%) of the 67 treated patients and 4 (12%) of the 34 untreated patients ( P = .043). The interval between entry and HCC detection was 3.5 to 8.2 years. The cumulative incidence of HCC development was significantly higher in the control group than in the treated group ( P = .013). In contrast, the cumulative survival rate was higher in the treated group than the control group ( P = .018). Multivariate analysis showed that IFN therapy, preexisting cirrhosis, and the patient's age at entry are significant independent factors for both survival and HCC development. The results suggest that IFN has long–term beneficial effects in terms of HBV clearance, reduction of HCC, and prolonging survival.
Vascular Complications of Fungal Meningitis Attributed to Injections of Contaminated Methylprednisolone Acetate
Authors: Kirk Kleinfeld, Pearl Jones, Derek Riebau, Ariana Beck, Paisit Paueksakon, Ty Abel, Daniel O. Claassen
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Fungal meningitis due to injections of contaminated methylprednisolone acetate can present with vascular sequelae in immunocompetent individuals. This is particularly germane to neurologists because better recognition of the clinical characteristics of patients with fungal meningitis and ischemic stroke will provide more timely and efficient care.In a case series, 3 patients presented to Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee, with acute ischemic stroke and later received a diagnosis of fungal meningitis attributed to epidural injections of contaminated methylprednisolone. Of these 3 patients, 2 were women, and the mean age for all 3 was 75.3 years. Their medical records and imaging scans were reviewed. All 3 patients presented with acute ischemic strokes and had a history of epidural spinal injections of methylprednisolone for low back pain. All 3 patients had 1 or more traditional risk factors for stroke. There were differing vascular patterns of presentation: 2 patients presented with small-vessel (lacunar) infarctions, whereas 1 patient presented with a large-vessel infarct. Of these 3 patients, 2 died and underwent an autopsy, which revealed Exserohilum rostratum as the presumed cause of death. For 2 cases, fever and meningeal signs were absent at presentation.Patients with fungal meningitis may present with ischemic stroke detected on initial imaging scans. A definitive diagnosis should not delay early antifungal treatment.
Statins’ Link to Diabetes Risk Revealed
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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GPs to get more information about earnings under the new contract
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2003)

John Chisholm, the chairman of the BMA's General Practitioners Committee, has admitted that the publicity surrounding the new GP contract has been a “presentational disaster” after only partial information was given to GPs.

The BMA was forced to suspend the ballot on the contract last week when large numbers of doctors said they would be worse off under the proposals.

Next week GPs will be sent more information so they can work out how much they would earn under the contract. Once Dr Chisholm was confident that doctors had “assimilated that information” they …
Single-Beat Estimation of End-Systolic Pressure-Volume Relation in Humans
Authors: Hideaki Senzaki, Chen-Huan Chen, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) provides a useful measure of contractile function. However, the need to acquire multiple cardiac cycles at varying loads limits its applicability. We therefore developed and tested a novel single-beat estimation method that is based on normalized human time-varying elastance curves [EN(tN)].Pressure-volume (PV) data were measured by conductance catheter in 87 patients with normal or myopathic hearts. Time-varying elastance curves were generated from 72 PV loops (52 patients) and normalized both by amplitude and time to peak amplitude. The resulting EN(tN) curves were remarkably consistent despite variations in underlying cardiac disease, contractility, loading, and heart rate, with minimal interloop variance during the first 25% to 35% of contraction. On the basis of this finding and assuming ESPVR linearity and constant volume-intercept, ESPVRs were estimated from one beat with the use of PV data measured at normalized time (tN) and end systole (tmax) to predict intercept: Vo(SB) = [EN(tN) x P(tmax) x V(tN)-P(tN)x V(tmax)]/[EN(tN) x P(tmax)-P(tN)] and slope Emax(SB) = Pes/[Ves-Vo(SB)]. Single-beat estimates were highly correlated with measured ESPVR values obtained by standard multiple-beat analysis (including data from 35 additional patients). Emax(SB) accurately reflected acute inotropic change and was influenced little by loading. The new estimation method also predicted measured ESPVRs better than prior techniques and was applicable to noninvasive analysis.ESPVRs can be reliably estimated in humans from single cardiac cycles by a new method that has a potential for noninvasive application.