tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Excess Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort of Subjects With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yonas T. Berhan, Mats Eliasson, Anna Möllsten, Ingeborg Waernbaum, Gisela Dahlquist
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the possible impact of parental and individual socioeconomic status (SES) on all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects recorded in the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry (SCDR) from 1 January 1978 to 31 December 2008 were included (n = 14,647). The SCDR was linked to the Swedish Cause of Death Registry (CDR) and the Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies (LISA). RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 23.9 years (maximum 46.5 years), 238 deaths occurred in a total of 349,762 person-years at risk. In crude analyses, low maternal education predicted mortality for male patients only (P = 0.046), whereas parental income support predicted mortality in both sexes (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both). In Cox models stratified by age-at-death group and adjusted for age at onset and sex, parental income support predicted mortality among young adults (≥18 years of age) but not for children. Including the adult patient’s own SES in a Cox model showed that individual income support to the patient predicted mortality occurring at ≥24 years of age when adjusting for age at onset, sex, and parental SES. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to low SES, mirrored by the need for income support, increases mortality risk in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes who died after the age of 18 years.
Psychoactive Drug Use among Practicing Physicians and Medical Students
Authors: William E. McAuliffe, Mary Rohman, Susan Santangelo, Barry Feldman, Elizabeth Magnuson, Arthur Sobol, Joel Weissman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Abstract We surveyed random samples of 500 practicing physicians and 504 medical students in a New England state during 1984–1985; 70 percent of the physicians and 79 percent of the students responded. Fifty-nine percent of the physicians and 78 percent of the students reported that they had used psychoactive drugs at some time in their lives. In both groups, recreational use most often involved marijuana and cocaine, and self-treatment most often involved tranquilizers and opiates. In the previous year, 25 percent of the physicians had treated themselves with a psychoactive drug, and 10 percent had used one recreationally. Although most of the use was experimental or infrequent, 10 percent of the physicians reported current regular drug use (once a month or more often) and 3 percent had histories of drug dependence. More physicians and medical students had used psychoactive drugs at some time than had comparable samples of pharmacists and pharmacy students. The results suggest a need for renewed professional education about the risks of drug misuse. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:805–10.)
Comments on "biochemical properties of membranes isolated from calcium-depleted rabbit hearts".
Authors: M M Bersohn
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The "calcium paradox" and perfusion with calcium-free solutions may indeed have nothing in common with the pathophysiology of ischemic myocardial injury.However, the conclusion of Lamers et al. that, in contrast to ischemia, "the specific activity of the Na + -Ca ++ antiporter is not affected by Ca ++ depletion of the heart,' may be incorrect.In sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from rabbit hearts made ischemic for 1 hour, the initial rate of Na + -Ca ++ exchange, measured at 1 second, and the calculated V max for Na + -Ca ++ exchange were both 50% of control (Bersohn et al., 1982).Plateau level of Nat-dependent Ca ++ uptake was not affected by ischemia, and no significant differences were measured after 2.7 seconds of the Ca ++ -uptake reaction (Bersohn et al., 1982; Figs. 3 and4).The earliest time point reported by Lamers et al. (1984) (Fig. 2) is 15 seconds.Therefore, if the effects of Ca ++ -free perfusion on Na + -Ca ++ exchange were similar to those of ischemia, they would not be detected by the experiment reported.Lamers et al. are appropriately concerned about selective purification of unrepresentative sarcolemma.The experiments of Bersohn et al. utilized sarcolemmal preparations from ischemic hearts with a 15% yield of K + -p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K + -pNPPase) and an 8% yield of Na + , K + -ATPase compared to crude homogenate.In subsequent unpublished experiments, I measured Na + -Ca ++ exchange in a crude membrane fraction containing 45-50% of the homogenate K + -pNPPase activity for the ischemic samples.Nat-dependent Ca ++ uptake measured after 1 second in 40 J*M Ca ++ was 58% of control after 1 hour of ischemia.Therefore, selective purification of more damaged sarcolemma is a less probable explanation for the effects of ischemia on Na + -Ca ++ exchange.Whether the calcium overload produced by Ca depletion and reperfusion is a good model for the calcium overload of ischemia and reperfusion remains unclear at present.
Urinary incontinence. Social and financial costs high.
Authors: P Ekelund, A Grimby, I Milsom
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a considerable disease burden, even in high-income countries such as the UK. In recent years, there has been a change in epidemiology with an increased incidence in those under 30 years old. This increases the proportion of women of childbearing age contracting tuberculosis. There is limited evidence around optimal management of the neonate who has been exposed to tuberculosis; however, we know that neonatal TB is fatal if untreated. It is therefore important to have a framework of how to manage the infants born to these mothers. Good communication between respiratory or infectious diseases physicians treating the expectant mother, maternity and paediatric teams is essential. Prompt assessment of the infant with input from paediatricians with an expertise in paediatric tuberculosis is essential.
Desktop Drug Information
Authors: Richard P. Day
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 November 1993Desktop Drug InformationRichard P. Day, MDRichard P. Day, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail AHFS Drug Information. 35th edition. Gerald K. McEvoy; ed. 2424 pages. Bethesda, Maryland: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists; 1992. $105.00.Drug Evaluations Annual. 1993 edition. AMA Division of Drugs and Toxicology. 2309 pages. Chicago: American Medical Association; 1992. $95.00.Drug Facts and Comparisons. 17th edition. 2800 pages. St. Louis, Missouri: Facts and Comparisons; 1992. $89.50.Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 30th edition. 2363 pages. London: The Pharmaceutical Press; 1993. (U.S. Distributors: Rittenhouse Book Distributors, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania). $275.00.Physicians' Desk Reference. 47th edition. 2680 pages. Montvale, New Jersey: Medical Economics Co.; 1992. $57.95.USP Drug Information. Volume I. For the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: Richard P. Day, MD, Madison Internal Medicine Associates, 20 S. Park Street, Suite 504, Madison, WI 53715. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySources of information on adverse effects: a systematic reviewEvaluation of the Ability of Seven Herbal Resources to Answer Questions About Herbal Products Asked in Drug Information Centers 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 936-938KeywordsACE inhibitorsDrug informationDrug interactionsDrugsFood and Drug AdministrationHeart failurePharmacokineticsPregnancyQuinineUnited States pharmacopeia ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Example of a health divide?
Authors: P. J Tyrrell, C. Sherrington, J. Wainwright, C. Smith, R. Grue, A. Singh, C. Douglass
Journal: BMJ (2010)

We read with dismay Choi’s personal view about the difference between stroke treatment in London teaching hospitals and in Greater Manchester.1 In discussing the management of people with acute stroke in the hospital in which he works (Trafford General Hospital) he states that “the whole region is devoid of any concerted system to manage these patients.” He also says that “many of the consultants express confusion about their local thrombolytic service even where it exists,” and that if he …
Re: H. Baumert et al. The Use of Polymer (Hem-o-lok) Clips for Management of the Renal Hilum During Laparoscopic Nephrectomy. Eur Urol 2006;49:816–9 and P.L. Steinberg et al. re: H. Baumert et al. The Use of Polymer (Hem-o-lok) Clips for Management of the Renal Hilum During Laparascopic Nephrectomy. Eur Urol 2006; 49:816–9. Eur Urol 2007;51:572–3
Authors: Maxwell V. Meng
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Effect of pyridoxamine (K-163), an inhibitor of advanced glycation end products, on type 2 diabetic nephropathy in KK-Ay/Ta mice
Authors: Mitsuo Tanimoto, Tomohito Gohda, Shigeru Kaneko, Shinji Hagiwara, Maki Murakoshi, Tatsuya Aoki, Kaori Yamada, Takamichi Ito, Masakazu Matsumoto, Satoshi Horikoshi, Yasuhiko Tomino
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
The Structure of the Specialized Impulse-Conducting System of the Steer Heart
Authors: Charles E. Kossmann, JOHANNES A .G. RHODIN, PETER DEL MISSIER, L. CORSAN REID
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The specialized impulse-originating and -conducting system of the steer heart has been analyzed with the light, phase contrast, and electron microscopes after careful dissection of its gross anatomic parts. The specific tissue is composed of cells with distinct cell boundaries. No syncytium exists. The cells of the sino-atrial (S-A) and atrioventricular (A-V) nodes closely resemble those of the common myocardium. They connect end to end via intercalated disks, most of which represent the starting point and termination of numerous myofibrils. The cells of the bundle of His and its distal branches are large and spindleshaped and joined in a staggered fashion. They display a fair number of myofibrils. The cell contact is established by numerous desmosomes that only rarely connect with myofibrils. It is believed that the multiple desmosome type of connection, present in most parts of the specific tissue of the steer heart, indicates that this tissue has maintained its embryologic appearance, to a large extent. The role of the desmosomes in facilitating the propagation of the impulse throughout the specific tissue is discussed.
How Essential Are Nonessential Genes?
Authors: Gang Fang, Eduardo Rocha, Antoine Danchin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Gene essentiality in bacteria has been identified in silico, focusing on gene persistence, or experimentally, focusing on the growth of knockouts in rich media. Comparing 55 genomes of Firmicutes and Gamma-proteobacteria to identify the genes which, while persistent among genomes, do not lead to a lethal phenotype when inactivated, we show that the characteristics of persistence, conservation, expression, and location are shared between persistent nonessential (PNE) genes and experimentally essential genes. PNE genes show an overrepresentation of genes related to maintenance and stress response. This outlines the limits of current experimental techniques to define gene essentiality and highlights the essential role of genes implicated in maintenance which, although dispensable for growth, are not dispensable from an evolutionary point of view. Firmicutes and Gamma-proteobacteria are mostly differing in the construction of the cell envelope, DNA replication and proofreading, and RNA degradation. In addition to suggesting functions for persistent genes that had until now resisted identification, we show that these genes have many characters in common with experimentally identified essential genes. They should then be regarded as truly essential genes.
ANURIA FOLLOWING DIABETIC COMA RELIEVED BY HYPERTONIC SALT SOLUTION
Authors: Howard F. Root
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Deaths from diabetic coma frequently are accompanied by anuria developing from six to twelve hours before death. Such anuria in the aged patient is sometimes due to chronic nephritis. In the young it is usually regarded as due to renal block brought about by the acidosis and the fall in blood pressure. In certain cases vomiting, especially in children, may continue after acidosis, as indicated by the presence of diacetic acid in the urine, has disappeared. The renal irritation, due to diabetic coma and shown not only by the typical coma casts but also in many cases by leukocytes and even red blood cells, may persist and indeed may explain the vomiting, as in the first case to be reported. However the microscopic observations in the urinary sediment are interpreted, the effect of dehydration and loss of chloride due to frequent vomiting must not be overlooked. It is important to
Health effects of the London bicycle sharing system: health impact modelling study
Authors: J. Woodcock, M. Tainio, J. Cheshire, O. O'Brien, A. Goodman
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To model the impacts of the bicycle sharing system in London on the health of its users. <b>Design</b> Health impact modelling and evaluation, using a stochastic simulation model. <b>Setting</b> Central and inner London, England. <b>Data sources</b> Total population operational registration and usage data for the London cycle hire scheme (collected April 2011-March 2012), surveys of cycle hire users (collected 2011), and London data on travel, physical activity, road traffic collisions, and particulate air pollution (PM2.5, (collected 2005-12). <b>Participants</b> 578 607 users of the London cycle hire scheme, aged 14 years and over, with an estimated 78% of travel time accounted for by users younger than 45 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Change in lifelong disability adjusted life years (DALYs) based on one year impacts on incidence of disease and injury, modelled through medium term changes in physical activity, road traffic injuries, and exposure to air pollution. <b>Results</b> Over the year examined the users made 7.4 million cycle hire trips (estimated 71% of cycling time by men). These trips would mostly otherwise have been made on foot (31%) or by public transport (47%). To date there has been a trend towards fewer fatalities and injuries than expected on cycle hire bicycles. Using these observed injury rates, the population benefits from the cycle hire scheme substantially outweighed harms (net change −72 DALYs (95% credible interval −110 to −43) among men using cycle hire per accounting year; −15 (−42 to −6) among women; note that negative DALYs represent a health benefit). When we modelled cycle hire injury rates as being equal to background rates for all cycling in central London, these benefits were smaller and there was no evidence of a benefit among women (change −49 DALYs (−88 to −17) among men; −1 DALY (−27 to 12) among women). This sex difference largely reflected higher road collision fatality rates for female cyclists. At older ages the modelled benefits of cycling were much larger than the harms. Using background injury rates in the youngest age group (15 to 29 years), the medium term benefits and harms were both comparatively small and potentially negative. <b>Conclusion</b> London's bicycle sharing system has positive health impacts overall, but these benefits are clearer for men than for women and for older users than for younger users. The potential benefits of cycling may not currently apply to all groups in all settings.
A statistical prognostic study of pump failure in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: P. LORENTE, M. DELABRE, C. MASQUET, R. GOURGON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Repeated measurements of maemodynamic status were made and were subsequently subjected to analysis to assess prognosis in a group of patients with acute myocardial infarction and pump failure. Two multivariate methods were used: correspondence analysis and discriminant analysis. Both these methods agreed with the highest prognostic reliability of left ventricular function indices. Using various discriminant functions a prospective study was carried out on a test sample and a rate for well-classified subjects ranging from 80% to 90% was obtained. For each discriminant function the different causes of misclassification were analysed; among them a right ventricular dysfunction was allowed to account for discrepancies between expected and observed data on inferior infarction.
Activation and Regulation of Human Immune Responses: Implications in Normal and Disease States
Authors: ANTHONY S. FAUCI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A model of activation, proliferation, and differentiation of human lymphocyte responses is described, and the complex immunoregulatory modulation of this system discussed with regard to normal immune function and the aberrancies expressed in diseases characterized by abnormalities of immune function. Recent advances in technology of cloning and hybridizing human T cells as well as hybridizing human B cells have had a critical impact on the field of human immunobiology and have made available potentially unlimited amounts of purified antibodies and immunoregulatory factors. Of particular note has been the optimization of conditions for the production of B-cell hybridomas from human peripheral blood B cells secreting monoclonal antibody directed against predetermined antigenic specificities to which a subject has been immunized. Furthermore, the development of antigen-specific human T-cell clones has allowed a precise delineation of the genetic restriction in monocyte-T-cell interactions as well as the functional capability of T-cell subsets. Precise definition of these systems has allowed a greater understanding of the mechanisms of diseases characterized by aberrancies of immune function.
What can be revealed by extending the sensitivity of HBsAg detection to below the present limit?
Authors: Hitoshi Togashi, Chika Hashimoto, Junji Yokozawa, Akihiko Suzuki, Kazuhiko Sugahara, Takafumi Saito, Ichiro Yamaguchi, Hala Badawi, Norikazu Kainuma, Masaaki Aoyama, Hiroaki Ohya, Takao Akatsuka, Yasuhito Tanaka, Masashi Mizokami, Sumio Kawata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Serious verapamil poisoning.
Authors: U de Faire, T Lundman
Journal: BMJ (1978)

approved name of their medication, and what busy general practitioner is going to write "dextropropoxyphene hydrochlor 32-5 mg, paracetamol 325 mg tablets" when what he means is Distalgesic ?WILLIAM E BENNEY Cheltenham, GlosControversies in WHO tumour classification SIR,-The World Health Organisation and those concerned with the production of the 18 "blue books" on the classification of tumours in different sites have done a great service.
Reuse of Disposable Endotracheal Tubes
Authors: Kumar G. Belani
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Regarding the discussion on the safety of reusing disposable endotracheal tubes (1980;244:1721), I would like to bring to the attention of the discussants the clinical report by Belani and Priedkalns. 1 The authors reported a serious epidemic of pseudomembranous laryngotracheitis. Although their investigation did not disclose any specific single causative agent, indirect evidence indicated that reuse of the Sanders-Grim-Knight latex cuff along with glutaraldehyde solution cleansing may have been implicated. The epidemic disappeared when disposable endotracheal tubes were introduced and not reused.  This letter should help clarify some of the doubts raised in the question by the concerned physician.
The discomfort of patient power
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Patients will often chose to ignore their doctors' advice and do something that their doctors regard as odd, even crazy. The BMJ described the case of a young man who lost blood after a road crash, declined a blood transfusion, and died in front of disbelieving and disturbed doctors. He was a Jehovah's Witness, and nobody disputed his right to do as he did.1 This is the reality of patient autonomy and power. But does it extend beyond individuals? Does patient power mean that large groups of patients should have the right to behave in a way that “the authorities” think misguided? We see more and more examples where groups of patients chose to ignore the advice of authorities, and it seems likely that this will happen increasingly.

The most prominent example in Britain at the moment concerns MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine.2 The authorities, including the BMJ ,3 are unanimous in seeing it as a highly effective vaccine with minor side effects. Following a report in the Lancet ,4 …
A FLT3-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor is cytotoxic to leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Mark Levis, Jeffrey Allebach, Kam-Fai Tse, Rui Zheng, Brenda R. Baldwin, B. Douglas Smith, Susan Jones-Bolin, Bruce Ruggeri, Craig Dionne, Donald Small
Journal: Blood (2002)
A “FOXO” in sight: Targeting Foxo proteins from conception to cancer
Authors: Kenneth Maiese, Zhao Zhong Chong, Yan Chen Shang, Jinling Hou
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract The successful treatment for multiple disease entities can rest heavily upon the ability to elucidate the intricate relationships that govern cellular proliferation, metabolism, survival, and inflammation. Here we discuss the therapeutic potential of the mammalian forkhead transcription factors predominantly in the O class, FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4, and FoxO6, which play a significant role during normal cellular function as well as during progressive disease. These transcription factors are integrated with several signal transduction pathways, such as Wnt proteins, that can regulate a broad array of cellular process that include stem cell proliferation, aging, and malignancy. FoxO transcription factors are attractive considerations for strategies directed against human cancer in light of their pro‐apoptotic effects and ability to lead to cell cycle arrest. Yet, FoxO proteins can be associated with infertility, cellular degeneration, and unchecked cellular proliferation. As our knowledge continues to develop for this novel family of proteins, potential clinical applications for the FoxO family should heighten our ability to limit disease progression without clinical compromise. © 2008 Wiley periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 3, 395‐418, 2009
Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors
Authors: Angela Diaz, Ellen Wright Clayton, Patti Simon
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

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