tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Double Charcot's disease.
Authors: F E Bruckner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

For more than 60 years the mainstream of investigation into the pathogenesis of gout centred in the mechanism of hyperuricaemia while recently urate crystal-induced arthritis had rekindled interest.Little attention, however, had been drawn to the deposition of these urate crystals in body tissues.It was the purpose of this experimentation to substantiate at a biochemical level heretofore anatomical observations of the predilection of urate crystals to deposit in the connective tissues such as cartilage and synovia.To this end it was demonstrated that an important ground substance com- ponent, PPL, a protein-polysaccharide containing chondroitin sulphate, was capable of augmenting urate solubility and inhibiting urate crystallization at 4°C.A similar substance had been identified in the sera of both normal subjects and those with gout.It travelled electrophoretically with the alpha and beta globulins and was primarily responsible for the ability of serum to hold more urate in solution than buffers of identical molarity and hydrogen ion concentration.Alteration of the urate-bound PPL molecule resulted in precipitation of urate crystals in a manner proposed to occur in vivo.Utilizing this material, a schema was evolved which provided a new concept for the development of gout in man.Discussion.-DR.J. T. Scorr (London) asked if this hypothesis explained the predilection of urates to deposit in the great toe.DR. KATZ felt that it would be interesting to analyse the nature of the polysaccharide in cartilage from various sites.
Association of Smoking, CpG Island Methylator Phenotype, and V600E BRAF Mutations in Colon Cancer
Authors: Wade S. Samowitz, Hans Albertsen, Carol Sweeney, Jennifer Herrick, Bette J. Caan, Kristin E. Anderson, Roger K. Wolff, Martha L. Slattery
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Cigarette smoking has been associated with microsatellite instability in sporadic colon cancer. Most microsatellite-unstable colon cancers have widespread methylation of CpG islands (i.e., the CpG island methylator phenotype [CIMP]), and many of these tumors harbor the V600E BRAF mutation. We investigated whether the association between smoking and all colon cancers could be explained through induction of CIMP and/or BRAF mutations.We evaluated 1315 case patients with colon cancer and 2392 control subjects in a population-based study. Demographic information, including smoking history, was obtained in an interview. Microsatellite instability was determined primarily by evaluation of the mononucleotide repeat BAT-26. CIMP was determined by sodium bisulfite modification of DNA followed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of CpG islands in hMLH1, p16, and MINTS1, -2, and -31. Tumors were scored as CIMP high (i.e., > or = 2 CpG islands methylated) or CIMP low (i.e., < 2 CpG islands methylated). BRAF V600E mutations were identified by sequencing. Logistic regression was used to quantify relationships among smoking, CIMP, and BRAF. All statistical tests were two-sided.Heavy smoking (i.e., > 20 cigarettes per day), compared with nonsmoking, was associated with an increased risk of CIMP-high colon cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43 to 2.97) and also with BRAF V600E mutations (OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.80 to 5.54). The association between cigarette smoking and the risk of colon cancer was limited to the minority of tumors that were CIMP high and BRAF wild type or CIMP high and BRAF mutated (for heavy smokers, OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.97, and OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.53 to 5.29, respectively). All relationships above showed a statistically significant relationship to amount smoked (P(trend) < .001 for all, except that relationship with tumors that were CIMP high and BRAF wild type, for which P(trend) = .008) and were independent of microsatellite instability.Previously identified associations between smoking and colon cancer, whether microsatellite unstable or stable, appear to be explained by the association of smoking with CIMP and BRAF mutations.
Ionic basis of ischaemic cardiac injury: insights from cellular studies
Authors: H. S Silverman, M. D Stern
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Ionic basis of ischaemic cardiac injury: insights from cellular studies Get access Howard S Silverman, Howard S Silverman Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA: H S Silverman, M D Stern. Correspondence to Dr Silverman. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael D Stern Michael D Stern Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA: H S Silverman, M D Stern. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 5, May 1994, Pages 581–597, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.5.581 Published: 01 May 1994 Article history Received: 08 December 1993 Accepted: 07 February 1994 Published: 01 May 1994
Tick-Borne Typhus (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
Authors: Allen H. Peters
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In 1969, there was more than a 50% increase in the reported incidence of tick-borne typhus in the United States. This dramatic increase caps a ten-year trend of an ever-increasing number of cases of this disease. Virginia led the states in the major endemic area of the nation, the Piedmont plateau of the Southeast, with 91 reported cases. Yearly fluctuations may be attributable to climatic conditions influencing the relative number of ticks, but the long-term trend of increasing human morbidity is promoted by the apparently inexorable forces of population growth and land-use changes. More attention to precautionary measures by the public, as well as a heightened awareness of physicians, in major endemic states may prevent some deaths. Treatment should not await serological confirmation.
Reduction by Anti-antibody Administration of the Radiotoxicity Associated With 131 I-Labeled Antibody to Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Cancer Radioimmunotherapy
Authors: R. D. Blumenthal, R. M. Sharkey, D. Snyder, D. M. Goldenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Radiolabeled antibodies have been shown to have a therapeutic potential in tumor-bearing animal models. However, treatment with radiolabeled antibodies results in toxic effects to normal tissues, as monitored by losses in body weight and in peripheral wbcs. We have investigated the use of an anti-antibody, or second antibody (SA), as a means of reducing this toxicity. SA rapidly forms a complex with circulating radiolabeled antibody, causing an increase in the clearance rate of the radiolabeled antibody from the blood. Toxicity was significantly reduced in animals given the SA in comparison to the toxicity seen in animals given only the radiolabeled primary antibody (PA). The earlier the SA was administered, the lower was the toxicity. The therapeutic efficacy of radiolabeled antibody was not influenced by the administration of the SA given 48 hours after the PA. Thus, the controlled removal of circulating radiolabeled antibody by an anti-antibody can reduce the toxicity associated with radiolabeled antibody therapy without influencing the anti-tumor effect. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:194–199]
PIVOTAL TRIAL OF TRANSENDOCARDIALLY-INJECTED ALLOGENEIC CARDIOSPHERES IN PORCINE ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY REVEALS THERAPEUTIC REGENERATION AND BLUNTED ADVERSE VENTRICULAR REMODELING
Authors: Kristine Yee, Konstantinos Malliaras, Hideaki Kanazawa, Eleni Tseliou, James F. Dawkins, Supurna Chowdhury, Duan Trang Duong, Daniel Luthringer, Chak-Sum Ho, Rohan Dharmakumar, Debiao Li, Linda Marban, Raj Makkar, Eduardo Marban
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Perspective on Medical Student Education for Internal Medicine
Authors: Daniel D. Federman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Editorials1 January 1991A Perspective on Medical Student Education for Internal MedicineDaniel D. Federman, MDDaniel D. Federman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-1-90 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhatever their differences, those who lament the declining recruitment to internal medicine agree on one thing: There is no one thing. There is no single cause, and there can be no single therapy. But what better to get internists' juices flowing than a complex problem for which an innovative and integrated solution is needed?Others in this special issue deal with the overarching concerns of residency, practice, life-style, and reimbursement in internal medicine, issues of great importance. I will consider educational approaches and, in that light, discuss the core medicine clerkship, some missing visions, and some underused models.The third... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel D. Federman, MDAffiliations: Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Comparison of Inpatient and Outpatient Experiences during an Internal Medicine ClerkshipNational Survey of Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine on the Competencies That Should Be Addressed in the Medicine Core ClerkshipThe State of Internal MedicineGregg Coodley, MD, Marcia Kerensky Coodley, MD 1 January 1991Volume 114, Issue 1 Page: 90-90 Keywords Medical education Residency Vision ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1991 Copyright & Permissions© 1991 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Prevention of pneumococcal infection in children with homozygous sickle cell disease.
Authors: A B John, A Ramlal, H Jackson, G H Maude, A W Sharma, G R Serjeant
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The efficacy of prophylactic penicillin and of 14 valent pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumococcal infection in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease was investigated in 242 children aged 6 months to 3 years at entry. In the first five years of the trial there were 11 pneumococcal infections in the pneumococcal vaccine treated group, 10 by serotypes present in the vaccine. Type 23 accounted for five of these, and there was evidence of higher infection rates in those given the vaccine before age 1. No pneumococcal isolations occurred in the penicillin group while receiving penicillin, although four isolations occurred within one year of stopping penicillin. Probably the most effective prophylaxis against pneumococcal infection requires penicillin beyond the age of 3. The age at which pneumococcal vaccine should be given must await further data on antibody response and clinical efficacy in these patients.
Azathioprine in dermatology: a survey of current practice in the U.K.
Authors: B.B. TAN, J.T. LEAR, D.J. GAWKRODGER, J.S.C. ENGLISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Azathioprine has an important role in treatment of many inflammatory dermatoses. In view of the current emphasis on evidence-based medicine, we performed a questionnaire-based survey to establish current practice in the use of azathioprine by consultant dermatologists and associate specialists in the U.K. The response rate was 68%. In contrast with the manufacturer's recommendation, our data provide evidence that azathioprine is useful in the treatment of a wide variety of dermatological diseases. However, there is still a need for controlled trials in some conditions. The most common conditions treated were pemphigoid, pemphigus and atopic eczema. In addition, we found that only 13% of dermatologists prescribe azathioprine according to body weight. Most dermatologists felt that azathioprine was well tolerated. No one tested for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity, which is thought to be a predictor of severe myelosuppression. The combination of prescribing azathioprine according to body weight and measuring TPMT activity would optimize efficacy and minimize potential severe myelotoxicity.
Viral hepatitis. Clinical and tissue culture studies
Authors: J. D. Boggs
Journal: JAMA (1970)

MS-1 serum, previously shown to produce hepatitis in infants, produced hepatitis in three of ten adult male volunteers when 0.05 ml of infectious serum was introduced orally. One plasma sample, taken before the period of rising transaminase levels from one of the volunteers who developed hepatitis, did not produce hepatitis when passed to ten volunteers. However, plasma obtained at the time of maximum transaminase levels from another of the men produced hepatitis in five of ten volunteers. When acute-phase plasma from two of the volunteers was inoculated and passed in a serially cloned line of Detroit-6 cells, cytopathic effects occurred. No cytopathogenic agents were present in the plasma of the same volunteers before inoculation, or in the cell controls carried in parallel with each passage. These findings call for continued work with hepatitis virus in tissue culture.
Oral Calcium-loading Test in Rickets and in Neonatal Tetany: Effect of Vitamin D
Authors: D. G. D. Barr, J. O. Forfar
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In an oral calcium-loading test performed on 10 infants with vitamin-D deficiency rickets and low fasting calcium levels, a comparison of results before and after therapy showed that vitamin D raised the serum calcium level at each stage of the test and altered the response so that a more rapid and substantial rise and fall in serum calcium occurred. The effects of vitamin D therapy on newborn infants with hypocalcaemic hyperphosphataemic tetany in another study suggests that these infants should be treated in this way to make them more responsive to oral calcium therapy.
Comparison of high frequency chest compression and conventional chest physiotherapy in hospitalized patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: R Arens, D Gozal, K J Omlin, J Vega, K P Boyd, T G Keens, M S Woo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Clearance of bronchial secretions is essential in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients admitted for acute pulmonary exacerbation. Conventional physiotherapy (CPT) is labor-intensive, time-consuming, expensive, and may not be available as frequently as desired during hospitalization. High frequency chest compression (HFCC), which uses an inflatable vest linked to an air-pulse delivery system, may offer an attractive alternative. To study this, we prospectively studied 50 CF patients admitted for acute pulmonary exacerbation who were randomly allocated to receive either HFCC or CPT three times a day. On admission, clinical status and pulmonary function tests (PFT) in the HFCC group were not significantly different from those measured in the CPT group. Significant improvements in clinical status and PFT were observed after 7 and 14 d of treatment, and were similar in the two study groups, leading to patient discharge after similar periods of hospitalization. We conclude that HFCC and CPT are equally safe and effective when used during acute pulmonary exacerbations in CF patients. We speculate that HFCC may provide an adequate alternative in management of CF patients in a hospital setting.
A CASE OF BILATERAL TUBAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Will H. Payne
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A woman, aged 26, American, housewife, had had two pregnancies, both of which were forceps deliveries. Following the last one she was sick in bed for three months with sepsis, and during this time the abdomen was tender up to the umbilicus. She had menstruated in June and July, 1923, but failed to menstruate in August. August 1, she began to have pains and cramps in the lower pelvis, so severe that she had to go to bed, and there remained until her operation, six weeks later. Five days later she began to vomit, and the vomiting, together with the pains, continued. August 9, or nine days after the sickness began, the patient had a severe sharp pain in the left side which radiated to the right. Following this pain, she fainted. She began to have metrorrhagia, composed of small quantities of clotted blood, which continued for six weeks. She
Explorations of Inner Space: Cognitive Neuroscience at the Brink of the 21st Century
Authors: Murray Grossman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings1 August 1998Explorations of Inner Space: Cognitive Neuroscience at the Brink of the 21st CenturyMurray Grossman, MD, EdDMurray Grossman, MD, EdDUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical Center; Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-3-199808010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The fascinating and unexpected syndromes associated with focal insult to the brain have led to important advances in our understanding of human cognition. Cognitive neuroscience builds on such observations to investigate how we can read this sentence and to solve other mental problems that previously seemed so impenetrable. Several engaging books have been published recently by world-class experts in the field, and this review samples some of the thinking presented in these superb volumes.Consider the complexity of the mental processes involved in reading. Our visual apparatus interprets a random set of squiggles as symbols representing the letters of a ...References1. Pinker S. How the Mind Works. New York: WW Norton; 1997. Google Scholar2. Pinker S. The Language Instinct: The New Science of Language and Mind. New York: William Morrow; 1994. Google Scholar3. Schacter DL. Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind and the Past. New York: Basic Books; 1996. Google Scholar4. Damasio AR. Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: GP Putnam; 1994. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Medical Center; Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283Grant Support: In part by grants from the U.S. Public Health Service (NS35867 and AG15116), the Charles A. Dana Foundation, and the American Health Assistance Foundation.Corresponding Author: Murray Grossman, MD, Department of Neurology, 3 Gates, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1998Volume 129, Issue 3Page: 255-258KeywordsBrainCognitionEmotionsHippocampusMemoryMemory recallPerceptionReasoningTemporal lobeWorking memory ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Direct renin inhibition in addition to or as an alternative to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: rationale and design of the Aliskiren Trial to Minimize OutcomeS in Patients with HEart failuRE (ATMOSPHERE) study
Authors: Henry Krum, Barry Massie, William T. Abraham, Kenneth Dickstein, Lars Kober, John J.V. McMurray, Ashkay Desai, Claudio Gimpelewicz, Albert Kandra, Bernard Reimund, Henning Rattunde, Juergen Armbrecht
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Study finds separate strains of HIV in different body fluids
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

HIV can mutate into separate strains in a patient's semen and blood, suggesting that the infection may be harder to treat than previously thought and be more likely to be transmitted through sexual intercourse, even in cases where virus levels remain low in the blood, a new study has found.

Researchers studied a group of patients infected with HIV, who had proved resistant to drug treatment. They tried them with a wide variety of drugs …
THE HAEMATOPOIETIC RESPONSE TO INTRA-MUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF CONCENTRATED HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE
Authors: P. J. Fouts, O. M. Helmer, L. G. Zerfas
Journal: BMJ (1934)

These doses of iron preparations are the minimal effective doses, and in resistant cases it may be necessary to double the dose here indicated.Colloidal and orgarnic iron compounds are much less effective.Vitamins I usually augment this massive treatment with certain vitamin preparations such as bemax or marmite 1/2 ounce daily, or yeast compressed into 5-grain tablets.Some of these patients are almost certainly suffering from vitamin B deficiency, and I have had several cases which have improved upon these vitamin B containing preparations without any iron whatever.Infection, sepsis, pregnancy, and lactation all inhibit the response of these patients to iron, and in selected cases, where menorrhagia is present, artifiCial induction of the menopause may be necessary before improvement will take place.
PAPILLARY GRANULOMA OF LARYNX AFTER EXPOSURE TO IRRITANT GAS
Authors: E. Watson-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1930)

T I930]63 pre(lisposiig cause of maniy of tlhese cases of so-calle(l tennllis elbow.In all the cases I have seen acuite tenderiness on per- cussion, as distiiiguished fronm m11ere pressure, on the spot m-nentioned above, hias beeni the miiost striking as well as the imiost persistei -1 phiysical signi.I hiave never found anyvthing like the saimie amount of tenderness of the headtd of thc r'adius or of tlhe i-adino-hlumeral joinlt.-Ianm, etc., Matlock, Feb. 14tlh.R. MWcLELLAND.PAPILLARY GRANl\.ULOMIA OF LARYNX AFTER EXPOSURE TO IRRITAN\T GAS.SIR,-I have been inlvited to collate cases of papillary gratiIlo1-ma of the larynrx, or of, a slimilar nature, witl1 s)eciial r-eferenice to occurrence after exposuire to mustard or otlher irritant gas, for presentatioin at the Summier Meetilng of the Lariynigological Sectioni of the Royal Society of Medicinie.The poinits of niote appear to be:
THE QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF THE MILITARY SURGEON.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Nearly five months of continuous service with the army in the camp and field has afforded me an excellent opportunity to make a practical study of the above subject. This time was spent in Camp Tanner, Springfield, Ill.; Camp George H. Thomas, Chickamauga, Ga., and the Cuban campaign, the time being about equally divided in the different places. The first four weeks were occupied in Camp Tanner, where I assisted in the capacity of Surgeon-General of the State in the organization of the State troops. This service brought me into closer contact with the National Guard of our State than at any time before. A physical and professional examination in which I took part brought out the shady as well as the sunny side of their qualifications. The result of my experience here convinced me that the average National Guard surgeon is a faithful doctor, with more than average professional
Renal Nerves: Are They Essential?
Authors: John E. Norvell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The intrinsic innervation of the human kidney has been investigated for over 100 years. Until recently there has been no agreement concerning the distribution of these nerves. Studies using classic silver impregnation technics have shown, in addition to the nerve fibers of intrarenal blood vessels, what appeared to be nerve fibers innervating the nephrons of the kidney. Modern histochemical technics that allow differentiation of adrenergic from cholinergic nerves have demonstrated that both adrenergic and cholinergic nerves innervate the renal arteries and their branches. In addition, the major renal veins have been found to have a sparse adrenergic innervation. A cholinergic . . .