tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of major trauma. Thoracic trauma--II.
Authors: S Westaby, N Brayley
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The plan ofaction in the treatment ofpatients with thoracic trauma depends on the initial findings on chest radiography, results of intercostal drainage, overall clinical state of the patient, and the relative priorities of associated visceral, vascular, and bony injuries.Exposure of the heart for immediate repair of a cardiac stab wound. Ruptured aortaTraumatic _transecti,on of the The most common location of ruptured aorta is just distal to the origin of thoracic aorta the subclavian artery and ligamentum arteriosum.The transection may be repaired by a partial, complete, or spiral, and immediate survival depends on the Dacron tube graft.formation of an acute false aneurysm.Diagnosis depends on a high index of suspicion then chest radiography followed by aortography.An aortogram is always required as the sites of aortic injury may be multiple.The patient must be investigated in the hospital where surgery will be performed with the surgeon and team on site, as deterioration often follows injection of contrast fluid.If there is no thoracic surgeon the patient must be transferred to a cardioihoracic centre.Reliable blood pressure
Public access defibrillation: good or great?
Authors: Myron L Weisfeldt
Journal: BMJ (2004)

It depends on proper use and future research 

Two carefully conducted studies in this issue—one of efficacy (p 23) and the other of cost (p 28)—are very significant cautionary notes to the literature on public access defibrillation. They reinforce two important points from the world literature on this topic: 1) If an intervention shortens the time from witnessed cardiac arrest to defibrillation to less than four minutes or so, remarkably high survival rates are seen. If, in contrast, the intervention results in shortening the time to defibrillation from, say, an average of 13 minutes to an average of 11 minutes, very little improvement in outcomes will be seen. 2) If admission to a hospital is increased by a defibrillation program but discharge rates and long-term survival are not, there will be bad news from conventional costs and effectiveness analyses.

In rural areas, where the …
Alert on Changes in Standardized Cat Allergen Extract Products
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monocyte-endothelial cell interaction inhibits endothellal cell apoptosis
Authors: Shigemasa Hashimoto, Hiroto Ueba, Masatoshi Kuroki, Yasuhiro Maejima, Aoi Nabata, Naoko Ikeda, Nobuhiko Kobayashi, Takanori Yasu, Muneyasu Saito, Masanobu Kawakami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Chemical Quantitation of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Thirteen Patients with Pheochromocytoma
Authors: WILLIAM M. MANGER, EUNICE V. FLOCK, JOSEPH BERKSON, JESSE L. BOLLMAN, GRACE M. ROTH, EDWARD J. BALDES, MARTIN JACOBS
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Fluorescent quantitation of epinephrine and norepinephrine in plasma of patients suspected of having pheochromocytomas is of considerable diagnostic value. The concentrations of these pressor amines in normal subjects, patients with various diseases with and without hypertension, and 13 patients with pheochromocytomas are reported. In all patients with pheochromocytomas and sustained hypertension the concentrations of pressor amines were significantly elevated. However, in patients with paroxysmal hypertension secondary to pheochromocytomas the pressor amine concentrations may be unelevated when the blood pressures are normal. In this latter group provocative tests with intravenous histamine are indicated to induce hypertension prior to quantitating pressor amines.
Immune tolerance and protection against allergic sensitization
Authors: P. G. Holt
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Recent studies in our laboratory have focused on the nature of the primary T‐cell response to inhaled allergens in the regional lymph nodes (RLN) draining the upper airways, in immunologically naive mice and rats. In general terms, the first detectable response involves activation of allergen‐specific interleukin 4 (IL‐4) secreting CD4 + Th‐0/Th‐2 cells, which triggers (at least in genetically high‐immunoglobuUn E (IgE)‐responders) an initial burst of IgE antibody synthesis. This is followed by a rapidly expanding interferon γ (IFN‐γ) response in the RLN, which terminates IL‐4 secretion and IgE production. We have presented evidence that the initial source of IFN‐γ in this response is a population of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I restricted CD8 + T‐cells, which respond specifically to the allergen. The initial activation of these CD8 + T‐cells requires a source of exogenous IL‐2, which appears to be supplied by the Th‐0/Th‐2 cells, which are themselves eventually suppressed by the cytokine products of the CD8 + T‐cells. It is hypothesized that the IFN‐γ‐rich milieu created by the allergen‐specific CD8 + T‐cells eventually selects for allergen‐specific Th‐1 cells, which, with chronic stimulation, eventually outgrow the CD8 + population and become dominant in the allergen‐specific T‐cell memory pool. Our most recent experiments have identified a previously covert hut highly potent effector cell subset within the CD8 + T‐cell population, in the form of allergen‐specific TcR1 (γ/8) T‐cells. Less than 500 of these cells, purified by positive sorting, are required to regulate the CD4 T‐cell response in adult mice or rats, in adoptive transfer experiments. This suggests that these CD8 + Tγ/8 cells exert their function via a powerful amplification loop that involves the rapid recruitment of other “Th‐2 inhibitory” effector cells during the initial stages of the immune response.
Surgical Intervention in Chronic Postinfarction Cardiac Failure
Authors: MAUREEN A. HARMAN, WILLIAM A. BAXLEY, WILLIAM B. JONES, HAROLD T. DODGE, STERLING EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Seven patients with severe, chronic postmyocardial infarction cardiac failure underwent open intracardiac operation following catheterization and quantitative biplane angiocardiographic studies. Four patients with mitral incompetence had valve replacements; three had dilated mitral rings and did not survive the immediate postoperative period. In contrast, the single surviving patient had papillary muscle dysfunction evident at surgery and had less severe myocardial impairment as indicated preoperatively by a lower end-diastole volume and higher ejection fraction. Three patients demonstrated significant clinical and hemodynamic improvement after resection of a sccared akinetic area of left ventricular myocardium. Although two of the three patients died within the first year of operation, neither died in congestive failure. The results of this study indicate that certain patients with chronic postinfarction heart failure may benefit from surgery.
Laws Boost Pediatric Clinical Trials, But Report Finds Room for Improvement
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parotitis after Diuretic Therapy
Authors: Lawrence Power
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

FEW diseases illustrate the prophylactic benefit of current fluid-balance concepts as well as that of acute suppurative parotitis. As recently as ten years ago, suppurative parotitis occurred by and large as a complication either of an acute systemic infection or of the postoperative state1 — hence the name "surgical parotitis." That the infection for the most part arises from a retrograde invasion of the gland by oral bacteria has been supported by bacteriologic and other studies over the past fifty years,2 , 3 the most necessary prerequisite appearing to consist of dehydration and a reduced flow of saliva from the gland. It . . .
Teenagers, sex, and risk taking.
Authors: A Mellanby, F Phelps, J H Tripp
Journal: BMJ (1993)

This study provides a baseline examination of teenage sexual relationships in 1991 in a sample drawn from 9 state and independent schools in southwest England; a follow up was conducted in 1992. 1025 students in year 11 and aged 15-16 responded in 1991; the follow up in 1992 showed 315 returning the questionnaire. Information was requested on knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), age at first intercourse, sexual intercourse without use of contraception, the frequency of "one night stands" or relationships measured in days, and knowledge of friends who had STDs. Relative risk ratios were calculated for those engaging in sexual activity before and after the age of 16 years. The results showed that in the follow up more girls and persons with more academic interests, as represented by the school subjects taken for the General Certificate of Secondary Education, responded. There were no differences by social class. The average age of the sample was 16.9 years. 54% were sexually active. 84 had sexual intercourse when they were under 16 years and 84 has sexual intercourse between the ages of 16 and the administration of the questionnaire. Those engaging in intercourse prior to the age of 16 were twice as likely to not have used contraception (relative risk [RR] = 1.86, confidence interval [CI] = 1.33 - 2.60 at 95%). They also were more likely to have had sex within a short relationship (RR = 2.24, CI = 1.38 - 3.62). They were 3 times more likely to know a close friend with an STD (RR = 2.97, CI = 1.55 - 5.70). Only 5 of the nonsexually active teenagers knew someone with an STD. The extent of sexual activity was lower than reported from other surveys. The results confirm prior understanding that younger teenagers engage in more sexual risk taking and are less likely to use contraception. The suggestion is that this risk-taking behavior is related to the cognitive development of younger teenagers of the age of first intercourse.
The UGDP Study
Authors: Jerome Cornfield
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  I am unable to follow either Salsburg's arithmetic or his logic.  He reports a two sample value of t of 1.973 for the data in my Table 8, and concludes from it that the distribution of baseline risk factors differs significantly between patients given tolbutamide and those given placebo. The t that can be calculated from the published probability of a cardiovascular death is 0.67 and clearly fails to come even close to the one reported by him. Perhaps he transformed the published probabilities in some unspecified way. Whatever he did cannot change the fact that the difference in baseline differences calculated from the data in this table can account for an excess of 0.7 of a cardiovascular death among tolbutamide patients, compared to an actual excess of 16 deaths. I fail to see how this supports his statement that there is enough evidence of an imbalance
Manganese superoxide dismutase as a target of autoantibodies in acute Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Authors: K Ritter, R J Kühl, F Semrau, H Eiffert, H D Kratzin, R Thomssen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Antibodies directed against the autoantigen p26 were detected in sera from 32 patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. P26 has now been identified as the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) by comparison of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence. Antibodies against MnSOD belong to the immunoglobulin class M. They are not detectable in sera of patients with other herpesvirus infections. In the 32 patients investigated, the rise and fall of the autoantibodies coincides with the clinical symptoms. In vitro, the autoantibodies were shown to inhibit the dismutation of superoxide radicals by blocking MnSOD. As presented in the discussion this effect may contribute to the pathogenesis of acute EBV infection.
Splenic Rupture Following Colonoscopy
Authors: A. J. Telmos
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With the advent of the fiberoptic colonoscope, colonoscopy has been used more widely as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Colonoscopic polypectomy has almost replaced the transabdominal polypectomy and has substantially reduced the mortality and the morbidity. Reported complications are primarily those of perforation and hemorrhage at the site of polypectomy. Rare complications include tear of the mesentery and injury to other intraabdominal viscera during manipulation of the colonoscope. We recently encountered the following case of unrecognized rupture of the spleen following colonoscopy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 53-year-old woman who had a prior history of numerous colonic polyps was brought to the emergency room with a history of left upper quadrant pain radiating to the left shoulder. The pain started following an outpatient colonoscopic examination performed three days previously. The colonoscope was advanced to 50 cm. There was some difficulty in advancing the colonoscope through the sigmoid
P569A novel role for NFATC1 in patients with both congenital heart disease and glaucoma
Authors: H Hariri, T Farhat, R Khalaf, A Fahed, C Al-Haddad, M Arabi, F Bitar, G Nemer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Congenital heart valve defects are the most frequent defects occurring in humans. We have recently shown two novel missense (P66L, I701L) mutations in one patient with tricuspid atresia. Functional analyses did show a defect in its cellular localization, transcriptional activities and DNA binding activity of the protein. The aim of this proposal is to unravel a role for NFATC1 in valve formation and glaucoma in humans. Methods:We screened for mutations in the coding region of NFATC1 in a family with septal and valve defects in addition to glaucoma. PCR amplifications and DNA sequencing were carried out. Site directed mutagenesis on the corresponding cDNA was undertaken , and subsequent transfections in cells were carried out to assess the localization and function of the protein. Results: We found a previously documented polymorphism (rs62096875) leading to a missense mutation (V210M). The father and one of the children were heterozygous while the other sibling (patient) was homozygous for the mutation, and the rest of the family has a normal genotype. Genotype/phenotype correlation showed that the patient with the most severe phenotype is homozygous for the mutation prompting us to hypothesize that the polymorphism might be disease-causing. We constructed a V210M mutant plasmid and assessed the expression and function of the protein. Our results unravel a novel pathway implicating an interaction with Tbx5, probably responsible for the underlying phenotype.
41 RECRUITMENT AND ACTIVATION OF A LIPID KINASE BY NS5A OF THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE INTEGRITY OF THE MEMBRANOUS REPLICATION COMPARTMENT
Authors: S. Reiss, I. Rebhan, P. Backes, I. Romero-Brey, T. Longerich, P. Schirmacher, R. Bartenschlager, V. Lohmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Book: Changing Practice in Health and Social Care
Authors: M. M Rosenthal
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Eds Celia Davies, Linda Finlay, Anne Bullman Sage Press, £15.99, pp 400 ISBN 0 7619 6497 5 Rating ![Graphic][1]</img> ![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In studying social policy we should be guided by two things—a historical perspective and an understanding of the dynamics of change. Both are complex and elusive, but the latter is by far the more difficult to get to grips with. Changing Practice in Health and Social Care does a good job on the former but struggles with the latter. Starting with a succinct history of social policy, this collection of essays tries to integrate theory and practice from education, management, and social policy. It examines trends in collaboration between the caring professions; emerging challenges from managers, the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Praziquantel and Refugee Health
Authors: Bruce G. Weniger
Journal: JAMA (1984)

PRAZIQUANTEL is a new drug that is effective against a broad range of parasitic fluke (Trematoda) and tapeworm (Cestoda) infections. In June 1983, it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for marketing in the United States. The compound was developed and introduced in the mid-1970s through a joint effort of Bayer AG and E. Merck of West Germany, where the drug is made. Praziquantel is administered orally and is well tolerated; on occasion it causes short-lived side effects of drowsiness, headache, nausea, backache, and abdominal fullness or discomfort.<sup>1,2</sup> Praziquantel is currently labeled in the United States only for schistosomiasis (bilharziasis). It is now the preferred drug for treatment of<i>Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma japonicum</i>infections diagnosed in the United States, outmoding the use of metrifonate and niridazole, respectively, because of their more complicated administration or greater toxicity.<sup>3</sup>It is the only drug for treatment of<i>Schistosoma mekongi</i>
Effect of farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 on the growth of fresh and cloned myeloma cells in vitro
Authors: Naoya Ochiai, Ryo Uchida, Shin-ichi Fuchida, Akira Okano, Masashi Okamoto, Eishi Ashihara, Tohru Inaba, Naohisa Fujita, Hiroaki Matsubara, Chihiro Shimazaki
Journal: Blood (2003)
Concordance of iron storage in siblings with genetic hemochromatosis: Evidence for a predominantly genetic effect on iron storage
Authors: Darrell H. G. Crawford, June W. Halliday, Kim M. Summers, Michael J. Bourke, Lawrie W. Powell
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Phenotypic concordance between siblings has been demonstrated in some inherited conditions, and such data provide strong evidence that the severity of disease is affected by genetic factors. We assessed the concordance of liver iron stores between siblings in 22 sibling pairs (15 same-sex pairs and 7 opposite-sex pairs) with genetic hemochromatosis. In this study population a wide range was found in the hepatic iron concentration and the hepatic iron index (32 to 833 mumol/gm dry wt and 1.65 to 14.4, respectively), which could not be accounted for by differing exposure to the environmental factors that influence iron stores. Despite the large variation of hepatic iron concentration within the group, siblings of identical sex had accumulated similar amounts of liver iron. A highly significant correlation for hepatic iron concentration (r = 0.81) and hepatic iron index (r = 0.70) was found between siblings of the same sex. The hepatic iron concentration and the hepatic iron index of one sibling was less than 50% of the other in only three same-sex sibling pairs. In each instance, reasons existed (blood donation, age at diagnosis and human leukocyte antigen nonidentity) for this discordance. In six of the seven opposite-sex pairs, the woman had lower hepatic iron stores than her male sibling, consistent with previous studies on the extent of iron overload in women and its modification by physiological blood loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Placebo-controlled immunopathologic study of four months of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma.
Authors: C J Trigg, N D Manolitsas, J Wang, M A Calderón, A McAulay, S E Jordan, M J Herdman, N Jhalli, J M Duddle, S A Hamilton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effect of prolonged inhaled corticosteroid treatment on bronchial immunopathology was assessed in 25 nonsmoking mildly asthmatic subjects previously receiving intermittent inhaled beta 2-agonist alone. Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), 500 micrograms twice per day or placebo was administered for 4 mo in a double-blind parallel group study. Histamine bronchial provocation, fiberoptic bronchoscopic biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed before and after treatment. There was no difference in bronchial responsiveness or lung function between groups. In patients treated with BDP compared with placebo, there was a significant reduction in toluidine blue-staining mast cells (p = 0.028) and total (p = 0.005) and activated eosinophils (p = 0.05) in biopsies but no difference in eosinophils or eosinophil cationic protein in BAL. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression was significantly reduced in the bronchial epithelium, and the thickness of Type III collagen deposition in the bronchial lamina reticularis reduced from 29.7 +/- 4.4 to 19.8 +/- 3.4 microns (mean +/- 95% confidence interval) (p = 0.04). No change in helper or activated helper T cells occurred. Prolonged BDP treatment reduces inflammatory infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and subepithelial collagen deposition, a recognized abnormality in asthma.
Determination of vhl Gene Mutations in Sporadic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: José Miguel Giménez-Bachs, Antonio S. Salinas-Sánchez, Francisco Sánchez-Sánchez, Juan G. Lorenzo-Romero, María José Donate-Moreno, Héctor Pastor-Navarro, Dolores C. García-Olmo, Julio Escribano-Martínez, Julio A. Virseda-Rodríguez
Journal: European Urology (2005)