tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study of Tailoring Whole-Body Dual-Modality [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography With Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA for Detecting Distant Metastasis in Endemic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at Initial Staging
Authors: Lin-Quan Tang, Qiu-Yan Chen, Wei Fan, Huai Liu, Lu Zhang, Ling Guo, Dong-Hua Luo, Pei-Yu Huang, Xu Zhang, Xiao-Ping Lin, Yun-Xian Mo, Li-Zhi Liu, Hao-Yuan Mo, Jian Li, Ru-Hai Zou, Yun Cao, Yan-Qun Xiang, Fang Qiu, Rui Sun, Ming-Yuan Chen, Yi-Jun Hua, Xing Lv, Lin Wang, Chong Zhao, Xiang Guo, Ka-Jia Cao, Chao-Nan Qian, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Hai-Qiang Mai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

To evaluate which patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) obtained the greatest benefits from the detection of distant metastasis with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) combined with plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels.Consecutive patients with NPC were prospectively enrolled. PET/CT, conventional work-up (CWU), and quantification of plasma EBV DNA were performed before treatment. The accuracy of these strategies for distant metastases was assessed. The costs of the diagnostic strategies were compared.Eighty-six (14.8%) of the 583 eligible patients were found to have distant metastases; 71 patients (82.6%) by PET/CT and 31 patients (36.0%) by CWU. In the multivariable analysis, advanced N stage (odds ratio, 2.689; 95% CI, 1.894 to 3.818) and pretreatment EBV DNA level (odds ratio, 3.344; 95% CI, 1.825 to 6.126) were significant risk factors for distant metastases. PET/CT was not superior to CWU for detecting distant metastases in very low-risk patients (N0-1 with EBV DNA < 4,000 copies/mL; P = .062), but was superior for the low-risk patients (N0-1 with EBV DNA ≥ 4,000 copies/mL and N2-3 with EBV DNA < 4,000 copies/mL; P = .039) and intermediate-risk patients (N2-3 disease with EBV DNA ≥ 4,000 copies/mL; P < .001). The corresponding patient management changes based on PET/CT were 2.9%, 6.3%, and 16.5%, respectively. The costs per true-positive case detected by PET/CT among these groups were ¥324,138 (≈$47,458), ¥96,907 (≈$14,188), and ¥34,182 (≈$5,005), respectively.PET/CT detects more distant metastases than conventional staging in patients with NPC. The largest benefit in terms of cost and patient management was observed in the subgroup with N2-3 disease and EBV DNA ≥ 4,000 copies/mL.
Is CS gas dangerous?
Authors: F T Fraunfelder
Journal: BMJ (2000)

CS gas (2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) is one of the most commonly used tear gases in the world. Law enforcement agencies have found this agent invaluable when faced with combative suspects, for riot control, and for alleviating hostage and siege situations. They use it to help control individuals or groups without the need for lethal force. The chemical was used for crowd control as early as the 1950s, but not until the mid-1960s did it come into common use in several countries. In Britain there has been persistent concern about the use of CS gas in the media, numerous complaints to the Police Complaints Authority, and an editorial two years ago in the Lancet that called for a moratorium on the use of CS tear gas.1 This editorial was unusual in calling for a moratorium on an agent used widely for decades with little data on permanent damage. Nevertheless, it did correctly identify the need for some further studies, as did a …
CD31 <sup>−</sup> but Not CD31 <sup>+</sup> Cardiac Side Population Cells Exhibit Functional Cardiomyogenic Differentiation
Authors: Otmar Pfister, Frédéric Mouquet, Mohit Jain, Ross Summer, Michiel Helmes, Alan Fine, Wilson S. Colucci, Ronglih Liao
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The cellular mechanism underlying the development of cardiac dysfunction is a decrease in the number of viable cardiomyocytes. Recent observations have suggested that the adult heart may contain a progenitor cell population. Side population (SP) cells, characterized by a distinct Hoechst dye efflux pattern, have been shown to exist in multiple tissues and are capable of tissue-specific differentiation. In this report, we confirm the existence of a cardiac SP cell population, immunophenotypically distinct from bone marrow SP cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that among cardiac SP cells, the greatest potential for cardiomyogenic differentiation is restricted to cells negative for CD31 expression and positive for stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1) expression (CD31-/Sca1+). Furthermore, we determine that CD31-/Sca1+ cardiac SP cells are capable of both biochemical and functional cardiomyogenic differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes, with expression of cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factors and contractile proteins, as well as stimulated cellular contraction and intracellular calcium transients indistinguishable from adult cardiomyocytes. We also determine the necessity of cell-extrinsic signaling through coupling, although not fusion, with adult cardiomyocytes in regulating cardiomyogenic differentiation of cardiac SP cells. We, therefore, conclude that CD31-/Sca1+ cardiac SP cells represent a distinct cardiac progenitor cell population, capable of cardiomyogenic differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes through a process mediated by cellular coupling with adult cardiomyocytes.
Pretreatment with the adenosine A1 selective agonist, 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), causes a sustained limitation of infarct size in rabbits
Authors: A. Tsuchida, G. S Liu, W. H Wilborn, J. M Downey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Pretreatment with the adenosine A1 selective agonist, 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), causes a sustained limitation of infarct size in rabbits Get access Akihito Tsuchida, Akihito Tsuchida Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA: A Tsuchida, G S Liu, W H Wilborn, J M Downey. Correspondence to Professor Downey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Guang S Liu, Guang S Liu Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA: A Tsuchida, G S Liu, W H Wilborn, J M Downey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter H Wilborn, Walter H Wilborn Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA: A Tsuchida, G S Liu, W H Wilborn, J M Downey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James M Downey James M Downey Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA: A Tsuchida, G S Liu, W H Wilborn, J M Downey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 1993, Pages 652–656, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.4.652 Published: 01 April 1993 Article history Received: 03 September 1992 Accepted: 21 December 1992 Published: 01 April 1993
Periprocedural Management of New Oral Anticoagulants in Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Jeffrey I. Weitz, Jeffrey S. Healey, Allan C. Skanes, Atul Verma
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Clinical CaseA 68-year-old woman with well-controlled hypertension is having 3 to 4 episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) each month.Despite a ventricular rate of 80 to 100/min while in AF, she complains of palpitations, chest discomfort, and light-headedness.Oral flecainide failed to improve her symptoms, and she refuses to take amiodarone because of concerns about its potential toxicity.She was started on dabigatran (150 mg twice daily) for stroke prevention; her creatinine clearance was calculated at 92 ml/min.AF ablation has been scheduled, and advice is needed regarding periprocedural dabigatran management. Comparison of the Pharmacological Properties of the NOACs With Those of WarfarinNOACs have pharmacological properties that distinguish them from warfarin.These are summarized in Table 1. Need for Anticoagulation in AF Patients Undergoing Catheter AblationStroke is one of the most feared complications of catheter ablation. 3The stimulus for thromboembolism, the underlying cause of most strokes in AF patients, differs before, during, and after ablation, which may influence the optimal choice of anticoagulant. Anticoagulation Before AF AblationBecause catheter manipulation during ablation may dislodge preexisting thrombi, it is important to minimize the risk of left atrial thrombus formation before the procedure.Guidelines recommend at least 4 weeks of therapeutic anticoagulation before ablation in all but the lowest-risk AF patients. 4With their rapid and predictable anticoagulant effects, therapeutic anticoagulation
No Effect of Unfractioned or Low Molecular Weight Heparin Treatment on Markers of Vascular Wall and Hemostatic Function in Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Bjarne Myrup, Tonny Jensen, Jørgen Gram, Cornelis Kluft, Jørgen Jespersen, Torsten Deckert
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE The high risk for cardiovascular disease in IDDM patients with nephropathy may be mediated by abnormal function of the vascular wall. We investigated whether heparin was able to modulate markers of vascular wall and hemostatic function in patients with incipient nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-five IDDM patients with incipient nephropathy were randomized to treatment with placebo, unfractioned heparin, or low molecular weight heparin in a double-blind trial. The treatment was given as 1 h of conventional intravenous high-dose treatment and in a conventional subcutaneous low-dose regime for 3 months. Transcapillary escape rate of albumin and plasma levels of von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin III complexes, tissue type plasminogen activator, tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured before and after treatment. Of the patients, 31 completed the study. RESULTS We found no significant effect of heparin on markers of vascular wall and hemostatic function by any of the treatments. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with high- or low-dose heparin induced no modulation of markers of vascular wall or hemostatic function in IDDM patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy.
Comparison of clinical characteristics and prognostic factors between combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema/UIP versus non-UIP
Authors: Keishi Sugino, Fumiaki Ishida, Naoshi Kikuchi, Nao Hirota, Go Sano, Keita Sato, Kazutoshi Isobe, Susumu Sakamoto, Yujiro Takai, Sakae Homma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and the prognosis between combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) associated with usual interstitial pneumonia pattern (UIP) and CPFE with non-UIP on chest HRCT images.

Patients and Methods: 34 patients were diagnosed as CPFE/UIP, 14 as CPFE/possible UIP, and 11 as CPFE/inconsistent with UIP according to the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT new IPF guideline in our institution. The HRCT scan imaging patterns of UIP pattern and possible UIP pattern were defined as UIP, and inconsistent with UIP pattern as non-UIP. We retrospectively compared the clinical features and prognosis between CPFE with UIP and CPFE with non-UIP.

Results: CPFE/UIP had significantly an increase in fibrosis score compared with CPFE/non-UIP (p = 0.0218), whereas, no significant difference was found between 2 groups in emphysema score. Survival time was significantly lower in patients with CPFE/UIP than that in those with CPFE/non-UIP (p = 0.028). The univariate Cox regression model showed that the predictive factors were high esPAP, fibrosis score, and composite physiologic index, presence of honeycomb lung, low %FVC and %DLco, and acute exacerbation. We classified patients into 4 groups; UIP with high-esPAP (esPAP ≥ 34.6 mmHg), UIP with normal esPAP (esPAP < 34.6 mmHg), non-UIP with high-esPAP, and non-UIP with normal esPAP. The survival in UIP with high-esPAP had significantly worse than that in other 3 subgroups (p = 0.0190).

Conclusions: Patients with CPFE/UIP have a worse prognosis than those with CPFE/non-UIP. Especially, patients with CPFE/UIP associated with high-esPAP have an extremely poor prognosis.
Fatal ball-valve airway obstruction by an extensive blood clot during mechanical ventilation
Authors: P Foucher, M Merati, N Baudouin, O Reybet-Degat, P Camus, L Jeannin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

A ball-valve airway obstruction by a blood clot cast of almost the whole bronchial tree occurred in a small-cell lung cancer patient, who had been on mechanical ventilation for 9 days. Chest radiographs revealed overinflated lungs. Attempts to remove the cast via fibreoptic bronchoscopy were unsuccessful and the patient died. A postmortem extraction of the clot was performed with a rigid tube. This case is rare because of absence of severe haemoptysis and lung volume reduction.
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa in the Middle East: Clinical and genetic studies in a series of consanguineous families
Authors: Aoi Nakano, Gilles G. Lestringant, Tamar Paperna, Reuven Bergman, Ruth Gershoni, Philippe Frossard, Moien Kanaan, Guerrino Meneguzzi, Gabriele Richard, Ellen Pfendner, Jouni Uitto, Leena Pulkkinen, Eli Sprecher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2002)
Impairment of the swallowing reflex in exacerbations of COPD
Authors: S. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, M. Yanai
Journal: Thorax (2007)

various potential confounders across the life course.What about children with respiratory symptoms early in life?Studies have shown that there is an association between initial airway symptoms and later lung function and respiratory illnesses, 3 and that subjects with asthma have persistent reduced lung function. 4 Finally, did the authors account for family history of asthma and/or atopy or allergic sensitisation?In my opinion, many confounders and factors that may have an effect on the outcome were not addressed adequately in this paper, so the conclusions drawn may not be relevant.
Levels-of-Processing Effect on Frontotemporal Function in Schizophrenia During Word Encoding and Recognition
Authors: J. Daniel Ragland, Ruben C. Gur, Jeffrey N. Valdez, James Loughead, Mark Elliott, Christian Kohler, Stephen Kanes, Steven J. Siegel, Stephen T. Moelter, Raquel E. Gur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Patients with schizophrenia improve episodic memory accuracy when given organizational strategies through levels-of-processing paradigms. This study tested if improvement is accompanied by normalized frontotemporal function. METHOD: Event-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure activation during shallow (perceptual) and deep (semantic) word encoding and recognition in 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: Despite slower and less accurate overall word classification, the patients showed normal levels-of-processing effects, with faster and more accurate recognition of deeply processed words. These effects were accompanied by left ventrolateral prefrontal activation during encoding in both groups, although the thalamus, hippocampus, and lingual gyrus were overactivated in the patients. During word recognition, the patients showed overactivation in the left frontal pole and had a less robust right prefrontal response. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of normal levels-of-processing effects and left prefrontal activation suggests that patients with schizophrenia can form and maintain semantic representations when they are provided with organizational cues and can improve their word encoding and retrieval. Areas of overactivation suggest residual inefficiencies. Nevertheless, the effect of teaching organizational strategies on episodic memory and brain function is a worthwhile topic for future interventional studies.
I don't know much, but this I do know
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

My practice is only a stone's throw (medium sized stone, choose one with a rough texture for an easy grip, use an overhand cast—you learn about these things growing up in Ulster) from the border with the Republic of Ireland, and was particularly hard hit by the Troubles. Deprivation, unemployment, and despair were a lethal cocktail, and after seeing so many young lives wrecked I am a confirmed pacifist. Violence begets violence, and perceived injustice and repression is …
Estimated numbers and prevalence of PI*S and PI*Z deficiency alleles of 1-antitrypsin deficiency in Asia
Authors: F. J. de Serres, I. Blanco, E. Fernandez-Bustillo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

We surveyed a broad range of visual functions in a man who complained of abnormal color experience and inability to recognize faces following bilateral damage in the visual cortex. A lesion in his right visual cortex caused complete left visual field loss. A lesion in his left visual cortex, located entirely below the calcarine fissure, affected the vision in his remaining hemifield, the right one. Psychophysical testing showed severely defective color vision and pattern processing, but relatively normal luminance contrast detection thresholds. The finding of normal spatial contrast sensitivity and static stereopsis did not resemble a parvocellular defect of the type described in the monkey. The abilities to detect global coherent motion among noise, structure from motion and dynamic stereopsis, and to pursue moving targets showed normal motion processing at several levels. Together with normal flicker perception, these results excluded magnocellular or MT-like defects. Altogether, the findings mimic area V4 dysfunction.
Intrapleural Haemorrhage in Artificial Pneumothorax
Authors: J. T. Harold
Journal: Thorax (1951)

Intrapleural haemorrhage is a serious complication of artificial pneumothorax (A.P.), sometimes endangering life and often leading to obliterative pleurisy and loss of the A.P. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss its causes, incidence, pathology, treatment, and effect on the A.P., on the basis of a study of the records of 37 cases in which intrapleural haemorrhage of not less than one pint (600 ml.) occurred after refilling the A.P. or after thoracoscopy at the Brompton Hospital between 1939 and 1949.INCIDENCE Six of these cases followed A.P. refills, of which approximately 180,000 were given at the hospital during the relevant period, giving an incidence of approximately one in 30,000 refills.An incidence of one haemothorax per 2,500 A.P. refills over three years was quoted by Miller and Rinkel (1947).In order to restrict the present series to cases of severe haemorrhage, only those from which at least 20 oz. of blood or " heavily blood-stained fluid " were aspirated are included.Such criteria, if applied to the cases of Miller and Rinkel, would exclude four of their cases, leaving a comparable incidence of one in 5,000 refills.The incidence of haemothorax following adhesion section at the Brompton Hospital was estimated by examining 814 patients having adhesion section between 1939 and 1949, performed by surgeons and trainees.Haemothorax requiring aspiration of at least 20 oz.(600 ml.) of blood or heavily blood-stained fluid occurred 31 times, representing an incidence of 3.9%.There were a further 39 cases in which the volume of blood aspirated was between 10 and 20 oz.(300-600 ml.), and it is probable that many smaller haemothoraces occurred.The incidence of haemothorax following thoracoscopy and adhesion section necessarily varies with the skill of the surgeon and the number of operators included in the series.Summation of the British series of Brock (1938), Edwards, Penman, and Logan (1944), Laird (1945), Watt (1947), and Wollaston (1947) gives a total of neady 2,500 operations for adhesion section: the incidence of haemothorax of variable size was 3.5 %.Similarly, the combined American series of Graham, Singer, and Ballon (1935), Newton (1940), Goorwitch (1944), and Day, Chapman, and O'Brien (1948) cover more than 8,000 operations for adhesion section: the incidence of haemothorax of variable size was 4.3%.
Acute Human Lethal Toxicity of Agricultural Pesticides: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Andrew H. Dawson, Michael Eddleston, Lalith Senarathna, Fahim Mohamed, Indika Gawarammana, Steven J. Bowe, Gamini Manuweera, Nicholas A. Buckley
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

In a prospective cohort study of patients presenting with pesticide self-poisoning, Andrew Dawson and colleagues investigate the relative human toxicity of agricultural pesticides and contrast it with WHO toxicity classifications, which are based on toxicity in rats.
Association of TNFSF15 polymorphism with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: M. Zucchelli, M. Camilleri, A. Nixon Andreasson, F. Bresso, A. Dlugosz, J. Halfvarson, L. Torkvist, P. T. Schmidt, P. Karling, B. Ohlsson, R. H. Duerr, M. Simren, G. Lindberg, L. Agreus, P. Carlson, A. R. Zinsmeister, M. D'Amato
Journal: Gut (2011)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal disorder, affecting more than 10% of the general population worldwide. Although a genetic component is suspected, unambiguous susceptibility genes have so far not been identified. This study tested the hypothesis that genes contributing to epithelial barrier integrity, control of mucosal immune responses and interactions with bacteria in the gut are associated with IBS.Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to top signals of association with Crohn's disease at 30 known susceptibility loci were tested for their effect on IBS risk in 1992 individuals from two independent case-control cohorts from Sweden and the USA. Association tests included a conservative Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, and were also performed on specific subgroups of patients characterised by constipation (IBS-C), diarrhoea (IBS-D) or alternating constipation and diarrhoea (IBS-A).The Crohn's disease risk allele rs4263839 G in the TNFSF15 gene was significantly associated with an increased risk of both IBS (p=2.2×10(-5); OR 1.37) and more pronouncedly, IBS-C (p=8.7×10(-7); OR 1.79) in the entire sample. Similar associations and risk effects of the same magnitude were observed in the two cohorts analysed separately. A correlation between rs4263839 genotype and TNFSF15 mRNA expression was detected both in peripheral blood and in rectal mucosal biopsies from healthy individuals (combined p=0.0033).TNFSF15 is a susceptibility gene for IBS and IBS constipation. As TL1A, the protein encoded by TNFSF15, contributes to the modulation of inflammatory responses, the results support a role of immune activation in IBS.