tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchiectasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical study.
Authors: M J McMahon, D R Swinson, S Shettar, R Wolstenholme, C Chattopadhyay, P Smith, P Johns, N H Crosby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To examine the relation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and bronchiectasis (BR). METHODS--Disease activity, outcome, extra-articular manifestations, and laboratory features were compared in 32 patients with BR and RA (RA-BR group), 32 matched patients with RA without BR (RA group), and 31 patients with BR but without arthritis (BR group). RESULTS--In 30 of the 32 (94%) patients with RA-BR, BR preceded RA. There was no functional or radiological difference between the RA-BR and RA groups, and except for xerophthalmia, which was more common in patients with RA-BR than patients with RA, there was no difference in extra-articular or laboratory features. CONCLUSIONS--Bronchiectasis does not lead to a more aggressive disease course in RA and, despite the recognised association, BR is not an extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid disease.
A Naturally Occurring Mutation in FcγRIIA: A Q to K127 Change Confers Unique IgG Binding Properties to the R131 Allelic Form of the Receptor
Authors: Cynthia F. Norris, Luminita Pricop, Sean S. Millard, Scott M. Taylor, Saul Surrey, Elias Schwartz, Jane E. Salmon, Steven E. McKenzie
Journal: Blood (1998)
Asparaginase May Influence Dexamethasone Pharmacokinetics in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Lei Yang, John C. Panetta, Xiangjun Cai, Wenjian Yang, Deqing Pei, Cheng Cheng, Nancy Kornegay, Ching-Hon Pui, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Dexamethasone is used widely in oncology, but pharmacokinetic studies are lacking. We evaluated dexamethasone pharmacokinetics in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Patients and Methods We assessed 214 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received 418 courses of oral dexamethasone (8 mg/m 2 /d) on days 1 and 8 of reinduction. Extensive asparaginase use preceded reinduction in the 101 children in the standard/high-risk treatment arm but not in the 113 children in the low-risk treatment arm. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and disposition was fit to dexamethasone plasma concentrations by using maximum a posteriori probability estimation; we evaluated covariates by using linear mixed models. Results Interpatient and intrapatient variabilities in apparent clearance were substantial; they were 46% and 53%, respectively. Variability was explained by the serum albumin concentration (P &lt; .0001), concomitant use of fentanyl (P = .008) and ketoconazole (P = .03), and age (P = .006). Apparent clearance was higher in the low-risk arm (P &lt; .001) and was related to a greater serum albumin concentration (P &lt; .001) and to a lower exposure to asparaginase than in the standard/high-risk arm. Hypoalbuminemia, a biomarker of asparaginase activity, was associated with a lower dexamethasone apparent clearance (P = .04) in patients in the standard/high-risk arm that was more pronounced in those not allergic to asparaginase. Ethnicity or gender did not explain apparent clearance variability. Conclusion Dexamethasone pharmacokinetics are highly variable and are related to the concurrent use of particular drugs, age, and treatment intensity. Patients allergic to asparaginase may be doubly disadvantaged: they not only suffer from diminished exposure to asparaginase but also, by maintaining high clearance of dexamethasone, may experience fewer antileukemic effects of dexamethasone.
Effect of Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Ligation on Coronary Circulation in Dogs
Authors: RICHARD E. HURLEY, RICHARD W. ECKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The internal mammary arteries of dogs were ligated bilaterally subsequent to surgical narrowing of the circumflex arteries. Six weeks later measurements of retrograde circumflex flows were made to assess the extent of collateral development. The results when compared with control dogs indicated that internal mammary ligation did not significantly improve the blood supply to the myocardium.
Nutritional status and admission risk in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
Authors: Angela Reddy, Christine Elizabeth Weekes, Hafez Ahmed, Nicholas Hart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Weight loss and malnutrition are common in DMD. However, there are no studies that have assessed the effect of nutritional status on clinical outcome in DMD. This study was designed to assess the impact of poor nutritional status on outcomes over a 12-month period.  A retrospective case series study was conducted. All DMD patients over 16 years referred to a tertiary centre were recruited (n = 79; 16–41 years). Nutritional parameters [baseline and current weight, body mass index (BMI)] and feeding routes were assessed in relation to outcome indicators [length of stay (LOS), re-admission and infection episodes)].  BMI was only measured in 34/79 (43%) of patients. The mean (SD) BMI was 20.8 (5.5) kg/m2. Re-admission risk was greater in underweight (BMI 25kg/m2) compared to normal BMI patients (RR 1.2, 1.43, respectively). Patients admitted to hospital weighed significantly less than non-admitted patients with a median (IQR) of 51kg (39,66) vs. 64kg (50,76; p=0.03). Enteral tube fed patients had a greater LOS and re-admission risk compared to orally fed patients (Table 1).  Nutritional status is associated with outcomes in DMD. Specifically, overweight and underweight patients were more likely to be re-admitted than those with a normal BMI. Furthermore, patients who are enterally fed have a greater admission risk, infective episodes and LOS than orally fed patients, which is indicative of disease severity.
Macromolecular transport across the rabbit proximal and distal colon
Authors: J A Hardin, M H Kimm, M Wirasinghe, D G Gall
Journal: Gut (1999)

Background Although many studies have investigated macromolecular uptake in the stomach and small intestine, little is known about macromolecular uptake in the colon. Aims To investigate the mechanisms involved in the transport of large antigenically intact macromolecules across the proximal and distal colonic epithelium in the rabbit. Methods The mucosal to serosal movement of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was examined in modified Ussing chambers under short circuited conditions. The mucosal surface was exposed to varying concentrations of BSA, and after a 50 minute equilibration period, the mucosal to serosal flux of immunologically intact BSA was determined by ELISA. Total BSA flux was determined by the transport of radiolabelled 125 I-BSA. Results Intact BSA transport in proximal and distal colonic tissue showed saturable kinetics. Intact BSA transport in the proximal and distal segment was 7% and 2% of the total 125 I-BSA flux respectively. Immunologically intact BSA transport in the distal segment was significantly less than that in the proximal segment. Intact BSA transport in the proximal colon was significantly reduced following treatment with sodium fluoride, colchicine, and tetrodotoxin. Cholinergic blockade had no effect on the uptake of intact BSA. Conclusion The findings indicate that the transport of intact macromolecules across the proximal and distal large intestine is a saturable process. Further, intact BSA transport in the proximal colon is an energy dependent process that utilises microtubules and is regulated by the enteric nervous system.
Oesophagogastrectomy using the end-to-end anastomosing stapler.
Authors: B Fabri, R J Donnelly
Journal: Thorax (1982)

The use of a mechanical instrument for accomplishing end-to-side oesophagogastrostomy is described. We report our experience with 30 consecutive patients undergoing oesophagogastrectomy--26 for malignant disease and four for benign peptic stricture. There were two immediate postoperative deaths. One patient developed a chylothorax and died six weeks after operation. The instrument failed to function satisfactorily on one occasion. There were no anastomotic leaks.
Anti–PD-1 and Anti–PDL-1 Monoclonal Antibodies Causing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mahnaz Mellati, Keith D. Eaton, Barbara M. Brooks-Worrell, William A. Hagopian, Renato Martins, Jerry P. Palmer, Irl B. Hirsch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Checkpoint inhibitors have an anticancer effect by removing a negative regulatory signal for T-cell activation from the tumor microenvironment (Fig. 1). They include cytotoxic T-cell–associated antigen (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL-1) antibodies and are now being widely used for the treatment of different types of cancer. From the initial phases of checkpoint inhibitor use, there has been concern about the potential for the development of autoimmune disease as a result of T-cell activation. Subsequently, multiple autoimmune diseases were indeed observed as a result of these medications (1). Although both PD-1 and PDL-1 antibodies can precipitate type 1 diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mice model (2), only very recent reports have noted type 1 diabetes after PD-1 antibody use in humans (3,4). Here, we describe two older adults without diabetes receiving agents inhibiting the PD-1 pathway for resistant cancers who developed acute …
Normalization of Insulin Sensitivity in Type I Diabetic Subjects by Physical Training During Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Hannele Yki-Järvinen, Ralph A DeFronzo, Veikko A Koivisto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Seven type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients previously treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy participated in a 6-wk training program consisting of cycle ergometer exercise 1 h/day 4 times a week. Six nontraining pump-treated type I diabetic patients and 19 healthy subjects were studied as controls. The training improved maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) by 8% (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Hemoglobin A1 was in the high normal range before training (8.6 ± 0.4%) and remained unchanged. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol rose by 16% in the training group (P &amp;lt; 0.01) but remained unchanged in the sedentary diabetic patients. Mean daily insulin requirements fell by 6&amp;lt; in the training group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). This reduction occurred in the lunch and dinner boluses whereas the basal infusion rate remained unchanged. Insulin sensitivity as determined by the euglycemic clamp technique was 25–40% lower in the training group (5.24 ± 0.48 mg/kg/min) and sedentary diabetic group (6.55 ± 0.82 mg/kg/min) as compared with controls (8.69 ± 0.77 mg/kg/min, P &amp;lt; 0.025). After the training, the rate of glucose uptake rose by 60% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) to 8.48 ± 0.77 mg/kg/min, which was comparable to that in the controls, but remained unaltered in the sedentary diabetic group. Insulin binding to erythrocytes was comparable in the diabetic and healthy subjects, and remained unchanged. Basal hepatic glucose production was elevated in both groups of diabetic patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas the suppression by insulin was normal, and both of these were unaltered by training. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that a controlled physical training program in pump-treated diabetic patients (1) does not change an already near-normal glycemic control, (2) improves body sensitivity to insulin and reduces insulin requirements, and (3) increases the HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio.
The herpesviral Fc receptor fcr-1 down-regulates the NKG2D ligands MULT-1 and H60
Authors: Tihana Lenac, Matthias Budt, Jurica Arapovic, Milena Hasan, Albert Zimmermann, Hrvoje Simic, Astrid Krmpotic, Martin Messerle, Zsolt Ruzsics, Ulrich H. Koszinowski, Hartmut Hengel, Stipan Jonjic
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Members of the α- and β-subfamily of herpesviridae encode glycoproteins that specifically bind to the Fc part of immunoglobulin (Ig)G. Plasma membrane resident herpesviral Fc receptors seem to prevent virus-specific IgG from activating antibody-dependent effector functions. We show that the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) molecule fcr-1 promotes a rapid down-regulation of NKG2D ligands murine UL16-binding protein like transcript (MULT)-1 and H60 from the cell surface. Deletion of the m138/fcr-1 gene from the MCMV genome attenuates viral replication to natural killer (NK) cell response in an NKG2D-dependent manner in vivo. A distinct N-terminal module within the fcr-1 ectodomain in conjunction with the fcr-1 transmembrane domain was required to dispose MULT-1 to degradation in lysosomes. In contrast, down-modulation of H60 required the complete fcr-1 ectodomain, implying independent modes of fcr-1 interaction with the NKG2D ligands. The results establish a novel viral strategy for down-modulating NK cell responses and highlight the impressive diversity of Fc receptor functions.
Relative apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA). I: The statistical measurement of phylogenetic signal
Authors: J. Lyons-Weiler, G. A. Hoelzer, R. J. Tausch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

We have developed a new approach to the measurement of phylogenetic signal in character state matrices called relative apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA). RASA provides a deterministic, statistical measure of natural cladistic hierarchy (phylogenetic signal) in character state matrices. The method works by determining whether a measure of the rate of increase of cladistic similarity among pairs of taxa as a function of phenetic similarity is greater than a null equiprobable rate of increase. Our investigation of the utility and limitations of RASA using simulated and bacteriophage T7 data sets indicates that the method has numerous advantages over existing measures of signal. A first advantage is computational efficiency. A second advantage is that RASA employs known methods of statistical inference, providing measurable sensitivity and power. The performance of RASA is examined under various conditions of branching evolution as the number of characters, character states per character, and mutations per branch length are varied. RASA appears to provide an unbiased and reliable measure of phylogenetic signal, and the general approach promises to be useful in the development of new techniques that should increase the rigor and reliability of phylogenetic estimates.
Human coagluation factor V purification and thrombin-catalyzed activation.
Authors: B Dahlbäck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Factor V was isolated from human plasma by barium citrate adsorption, polyethylene glycol fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and gel chromatography on Ultrogel 22. Degradation of Factor V during purification was largely prevented by ample use of inhibitors of proteolytic enzyme. The purified Factor V was a stable, single-chain molecule with an apparent molecular weight of 330,000. Activation of human Factor V by thrombin resulted in a 10- to 15-fold increase in activity. The activation pattern as monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was compared with that of bovine Factor V. Differences in the patterns of thrombin activation were noticed between the two species, whereas the final products were similar. The products of human Factor V activation are two closely spaced doublets, one with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 110,000, and the other, approximately 72,000. An antibody was raised against the purified protein. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that the antibody recognized Factor V both before and after activation with thrombin.
Sensitization to Cor a 8, a Lipid Transfer Protein, in Children with Objective Reactions to Hazelnut from a Birch Endemic Country
Authors: A.E. Flinterman, J.H. Akkerdaas, C.F. den Hartog Jager, M.O. Hoekstra, A.C. Knulst, R. van Ree, S.G.M.A. Pasmans
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Signaling Is Necessary for Microglia Viability, Unmasking a Microglia Progenitor Cell in the Adult Brain
Authors: Monica R.P. Elmore, Allison R. Najafi, Maya A. Koike, Nabil N. Dagher, Elizabeth E. Spangenberg, Rachel A. Rice, Masashi Kitazawa, Bernice Matusow, Hoa Nguyen, Brian L. West, Kim N. Green
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Sensitivity of pulmonary function tests in assessing whether bronchodilatation is different in healthy subjects and asthmatics
Authors: M Menon
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Houghton CM, Woodcock AA, Singh D. A comparison of lung function methods for assessing dose-response effects of salbutamol. Br J Clin Pharmacol2004;58:134–41 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] The ability of different pulmonary function tests to detect dose-response effects depends on both the variability and sensitivity of the methods used. In clinical trials bronchodilatation is usually assessed by spirometry. Body plethysmography and impulse oscillation (IOS) are alternative techniques. The advantage of IOS is that it is simpler to perform and requires minimal effort from … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBritish%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bclinical%2Bpharmacology%26rft.stitle%253DBr%2BJ%2BClin%2BPharmacol%26rft.aulast%253DHoughton%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D58%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D134%26rft.epage%253D141%26rft.atitle%253DA%2Bcomparison%2Bof%2Blung%2Bfunction%2Bmethods%2Bfor%2Bassessing%2Bdose-response%2Beffects%2Bof%2Bsalbutamol.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2125.2004.02105.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15255795%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02105.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15255795&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F10%2F875.atom
Importance of clarifying patients' desired role in shared decision making to match their level of engagement with their preferences
Authors: M. C. Politi, D. S. Dizon, D. L. Frosch, M. D. Kuzemchak, A. M. Stiggelbout
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We should not assume that certain groups of patients don't want to or can't participate in decisions about their healthcare, say <b>Mary Politi and colleagues</b>, and they offer advice on how to determine how much patients want to be involved
Performance of multidetector computed tomography colonography compared with conventional colonoscopy
Authors: T. Gluecker, G Dorta, W Keller, P Jornod, R Meuli, P Schnyder
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background and aims:</b> This was a prospective blinded study to compare computed tomography (CT) colonography, performed with multidetector arrays CT scan (MDCT), with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal neoplasia. <b>Methods:</b> Fifty patients were examined by MDCT after standard bowel preparation and rectal air insufflation in the supine and prone positions. Data sets were examined by one radiologist and one gastroenterologist blinded to the patient9s history and colonoscopy results. Patients subsequently underwent colonoscopy on the same day, which served as the gold standard. <b>Results:</b> Nine of 11 lesions &gt;10 mm (82%), 5/15 lesions of 6–9 mm (33%), and 1/42 polyps &lt;5 mm (3%) were detected by MDCT colonography. One false positive result for a structure larger than 10 mm was described. Nineteen of 21 patients who had no lesions during conventional colonoscopy were considered free of lesions by MDCT colonography, yielding a per patient specificity of 90%. <b>Conclusion:</b> MDCT colonography provides good data quality and has good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of colonic lesions of 10 mm or more.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Tolerability of Rifapentine 600, 900, and 1,200 mg Plus Isoniazid in the Continuation Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Naomi N. Bock, Timothy R. Sterling, Carol D. Hamilton, Connie Pachucki, Yong-Cheng Wang, Donna S. Conwell, Ann Mosher, Mary Samuels, Andrew Vernon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Once-weekly rifapentine 600 mg plus isoniazid (INH) during the continuation phase treatment of tuberculosis is associated with a relapse rate higher than that of twice-weekly rifampin plus INH. The safety and tolerability of higher rifapentine doses need to be determined. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of rifapentine at three doses (600, 900, and 1,200 mg) plus INH 15 mg/kg once weekly in the continuation phase treatment of culture-positive tuberculosis in 150 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative adults. Outcome measures were discontinuation of therapy for any reason and adverse events on therapy. Treatment was discontinued in 3 of 52 (6%), 2 of 51 (4%), and 3 of 47 (6%) in the rifapentine 600-, 900-, and 1,200-mg treatment arms, respectively. Only one discontinuation, in the rifapentine 1,200-mg arm, was due to an adverse event possibly associated with study therapy. There was a trend toward more adverse events, possibly associated with study therapy, in the highest-dose arms (p = 0.051). Rifapentine 900-mg, once-weekly dosing appears to be safe and well tolerated and is being evaluated in Phase III efficacy trials of treatment of latent tuberculosis. Further evaluation of the safety and tolerability of rifapentine 1,200 mg is warranted.
Wavelets in Temporal and Spatial Processing of Biomedical Images
Authors: Andrew F. Laine
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2000)

▪ Abstract We review some of the most recent advances in the area of wavelet applications in medical imaging. We first review key concepts in the processing of medical images with wavelet transforms and multiscale analysis, including time-frequency tiling, overcomplete representations, higher dimensional bases, symmetry, boundary effects, translational invariance, orientation selectivity, and best-basis selection. We next describe some applications in magnetic resonance imaging, including activation detection and denoising of functional magnetic resonance imaging and encoding schemes. We then present an overview in the area of ultrasound, including computational anatomy with three-dimensional cardiac ultrasound. Next, wavelets in tomography are reviewed, including their relationship to the radon transform and applications in position emission tomography imaging. Finally, wavelet applications in digital mammography are reviewed, including computer-assisted diagnostic systems that support the detection and classification of small masses and methods of contrast enhancement.
Legal action against rogue surgeon is suspended after MDU withdraws funding
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Medical Defence Union has withdrawn funding for the rogue breast surgeon Ian Paterson to fight negligence claims by hundreds of patients, causing legal action to be temporarily halted while a solution is sought.

The loss of funding has prompted the official solicitor for England and Wales, who was acting for Paterson as his litigation friend after the surgeon was judged to lack the mental capacity to take part,1 to pull out of the case.

Paterson, who was a consultant surgeon at Solihull Hospital, run by the Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, from 1998 to 2011, is being sued by hundreds of women. He carried out hundreds of unauthorised “cleavage sparing” mastectomies that left breast tissue behind and …
Outcome of medical and surgical therapy of GERD: Predictive role of quality of life scores and instrumental evaluation
Authors: Gianluca Rossetti, Paolo Limongelli, Marco Cimmino, Domenico Napoletano, Maria Chiara Bondanese, Giovanni Romano, Manousos Pratilas, Ludovica Guerriero, Francesco Orlando, Giovanni Conzo, Bruno Amato, Giovanni Docimo, Salvatore Tolone, Luigi Brusciano, Ludovico Docimo, Landino Fei
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)