tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adipocytokines as a Novel Target for the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Atorvastatin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Maximilian von Eynatten, Jochen G. Schneider, Senad Hadziselimovic, Andreas Hamann, Angelika Bierhaus, Peter P. Nawroth, Klaus A. Dugi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Recently, Shetty et al. (1) reported a positive correlation of resistin with C-reactive protein (CRP) in a cross-sectional study of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and patients in a pre-diabetic state. Collectively, however, little is known about the role of proinflammatory adipocytokines. The adipocyte-secreted hormones leptin and resistin have recently been regarded as pro-inflammatory cytokines positively associated with CRP in healthy subjects (2) and patients with diabetes (1). Shetty et al. therefore investigated whether atorvastatin may mediate part of its beneficial effects by altering resistin levels. They did find a 20% reduction of plasma resistin after statin treatment. Due to a concomitant decrease in the placebo group, however, …
The degradation and clearance of Poly(N-hydroxypropyl-l-glutamine)-DTPA-Gd as a blood pool MRI contrast agent
Authors: Guodong Zhang, Rui Zhang, Marites P. Melancon, Kelvin Wong, Jian You, Qian Huang, James Bankson, Dong Liang, Chun Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Histopathology of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome: a morphological and phenotypical study
Authors: N. Ortonne, L. Valeyrie-Allanore, S. Bastuji-Garin, J. Wechsler, S. de Feraudy, T.-A. Duong, M.-H. Delfau-Larue, O. Chosidow, P. Wolkenstein, J.-C. Roujeau
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

The histopathological features of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome remain poorly characterized.To better characterize the histopathological features of DRESS syndrome, and define the phenotype of the effector cells in the skin and compare it with maculopapular rash (MPR).We conducted a retrospective study on 50 skin biopsies from patients with DRESS syndrome (n = 36). Histopathological and immunophenotypical features were studied and compared with a series of MPRs (n = 20).Foci of interface dermatitis, involving cutaneous adnexae, were frequently seen in cases of DRESS. Eosinophils were seen in only 20% of cases and neutrophils in 42%. Eczematous (40%), interface dermatitis (74%), acute generalized exanthematic pustulosis-like (20%) and erythema multiforme-like (24%) patterns were observed. The association of two or three of these patterns in a single biopsy was significantly more frequent in cases of DRESS than in a series of nondrug-induced dermatoses (P < 0.01), and appeared to be more marked in DRESS syndrome with severe cutaneous lesions (P = 0.01) than in less severe cases of DRESS and MPR. A higher proportion of CD8(+) and granzyme B(+) lymphocytes was observed in cases of DRESS with severe cutaneous eruptions (erythroderma and/or bullae). Atypical lymphocytes were found in 28% of biopsies, and expressed CD8 in most cases; a cutaneous T-cell clone was rarely found (6%).The histopathology of DRESS syndrome highlights various associated inflammatory patterns in a single biopsy. Cutaneous effector lymphocytes comprise a high proportion of polyclonal CD8(+) granzyme B(+) T lymphocytes.
Biomaterials Approach to Expand and Direct Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Chou Chai, Kam W Leong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Stem cells play increasingly prominent roles in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells theoretically allow every cell type in the body to be regenerated. Adult stem cells have also been identified and isolated from every major tissue and organ, some possessing apparent pluripotency comparable to that of ES cells. However, a major limitation in the translation of stem cell technologies to clinical applications is the supply of cells. Advances in biomaterials engineering and scaffold fabrication enable the development of ex vivo cell expansion systems to address this limitation. Progress in biomaterial design has also allowed directed differentiation of stem cells into specific lineages. In addition to delivering biochemical cues, various technologies have been developed to introduce micro- and nano-scale features onto culture surfaces to enable the study of stem cell responses to topographical cues. Knowledge gained from these studies portends the alteration of stem cell fate in the absence of biological factors, which would be valuable in the engineering of complex organs comprising multiple cell types. Biomaterials may also play an immunoprotective role by minimizing host immunoreactivity toward transplanted cells or engineered grafts.
Hypotension accompanying the onset of exertional angina. A sign of severe compromise of left ventricular blood supply.
Authors: P D Thomson, M H Kelemen
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Serious obstructive coronary artery disease was found in all patients who developed hypotension accompanying the onset of angina during multistage exercise testing. Seventeen exercising patients demonstrated a fall in systolic pressure to below resting levels as chest pain and ST-segment depression appeared. Two patients died suddenly six weeks after treadmill testing and prior to arteriography. The remaining fifteen were studied with coronary arteriography and all except one exhibited greater than or equal to 90% stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The remaining patient demonstrated two 75% LAD stenoses in series. Five exhibited significant (greater than or equal 75%) narrowing of the main left coronary artery (MLCA) and thirteen of fifteen had significant stenosis of proximal LAD and circumflex arteries. The two patients without significant circumflex disease exhibited greater than or equal to 90% stenosis of the dominant right coronaryartery (RCA) circulation. Six of six patients had restoration of a normal blood pressure response following coronary bypass surgery, which also relieved angina and reversed ST-segment depression. Conditions essential for proper interpretation of this sign are discussed. If these conditions are met, then a fall in systolic pressure during treadmill-induced angina pectoris is a reliable sign of severe compromise of left ventricular blood supply.
A letter from Sir Morell Mackenzie.
Authors: M Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1967)

ConclusionAn account is given of a trial protect in Somerset employing general practitioners to undertake school health service duties for schoolchildren registered on their National Health Service list or that of the practice.After the trial had lasted two terms everyone concerned wished to continue the scheme.Undoubtedly both parents and teachers appreciated having their own family doctors acting as school medical officers, and this advantage clearly outweighed the increased clerical work for the school.From the outset we thought that these arrangements could only have a chance of working in a rural area.This view has been confirmed.
STUDIES IN ISOAGGLUTINATION
Authors: Reuben Ottenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

1. Intravascular agglutination can occur, and is the probable cause of occasional untoward symptoms, or even death, following transfusion of agglutinative blood. In the majority of cases, however, it does not occur, or if it does, it causes no symptoms. This is dependent on the influence of three factors: (1) concentration of the agglutinin; (2) absorption of the agglutinin by an excess of agglutinable cells; (3) interference with agglutination by an excess of non-agglutinable cells, so that when clumps occur they are microscopic in size. 2. If, for a given transfusion, a non-agglutinative donor, i. e., a donor whose blood is of the same agglutinative class as the patient's, can not be obtained, then it is safer to use a person whose serum is agglutinative toward the patient's cells than one whose cells are agglutinated by the patient's serum. 3. Tests for agglutination, as well as for hemolysis, ought to be made before transfusion. When time does not permit this, one has to weigh the possible dangers of agglutination or hemolysis against the dangers of letting the patient go without transfusion. 4. Agglutinable cells when transfused are taken up by the phagocytes in the patient's blood; and, for this reason) the transfusion of agglutinable blood, even when no accident happens, can be expected to do little permanent good.
Blood Pressure Reduction and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction-Reply
Authors: Michael H. Alderman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Compliance, or its absence, may, as Dr Rudd suggests, have affected patient experience. We have no data to suggest frequent wide blood pressure (BP) swings in the studied patients, nor did we find a relation between BP variability and outcome. Moreover, our systematic treatment program is designed to maximize adherence (measured by persistence in treatment), and BP control has been very high. 1 Parenthetically, we do not agree with the characterization of our studied group as being high risk: 10% had a prior cardiovascular disease, less than 5% had diabetes, one third were smokers, and 25% had an abnormality on an electrocardiogram, which we believe to represent the mixture found in the community.  Staessen et al have correctly noted that the Cox analytical procedure does not test for curvilinear relationships. We did, however, treat BP fall as both a dichotomous and a continuous variable and found consistent results
Phthalate exposure and pulmonary function.
Authors: Jane A Hoppin, Ross Ulmer, Stephanie J London
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Exposure to phthalates is widespread because of their use in plastics, cosmetics, and other consumer products. Phthalate exposure has been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes in children. With urinary phthalate measures, we assessed the association between phthalate exposure and four pulmonary function parameters [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximum mid-expiratory flow] among the 240 adult Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) participants with urinary phthalate data. Linear regression models controlled for race, age, age squared, standing height, body mass index, cumulative smoking, and current smoking. Monobutyl phthalate (MBP) was significantly associated with decrements in three measures of pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, PEF) in males but not in females. For a change from the 25th to the 75th percentile in MBP level among men, FEV1 decreased 112 mL (SE = 51, p = 0.03). Monoethyl phthalate (MEP) was associated with lower FVC and FEV1 values in men. Monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the metabolite of the plasticizer commonly used in medical tubing, was not adversely associated with any of the pulmonary function parameters evaluated. Our results suggest that MBP and MEP, but not MEHP, may influence pulmonary function among adult males.
Simplified Bernoulli Equation May Lead Us To Incorrect Estimation of Interventricular Gradient in Patients with Tunnel Like Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Taylan Akgun, Can Yucel Karabay, Gonenc Kocabay, Vecih Oduncu, Olcay Ozveren, Fatih Yılmaz, Arzu Kalayci, Ahmet Guler, Akin Izgi, Cevat Kirma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Remarks on the Employment of Double Extension in Cases of Disease and Injuries of the Spine and Pelvic Joints
Authors: J. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1880)

THE usefulness of the principle of extension in diseases of the joints, and especially those of the lower extremities, is so generally recognised by surgical authorities tt the present time,' that anything more than a summary of the benefits derived from it would be superfluous for our present purpos.First may be mentio-ned the important requirement of absolute rest to the joint and articular bones, which is falfilled by its -use.The muscles which act on the joint and-bones are thereby pre- vented from acting in the starts and spasms which are the usual con- comitants of joint-disease, especially when affcting the cartilages and ligaments.Secondly, the pressure on the joint-surfaces prodcuced by the tonlic contraction of the muscles is relieved, or almost entirely prevented, so that the vascular system of the diseased or inflamed parts is
The Prospects for and Pathways toward a Vaccine for AIDS
Authors: Donald P. Francis, John C. Petricciani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

This article reviews prospects for a vaccine for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), considered the only certain barrier to further spread of the disease. The development of an effective vaccine against another retrovirus, feline leukemia virus, suggests the possibility that a retrovirus vaccine for humans might work. However, vaccine production depends on the ability to manufacture large quantities of a safe antigen that stimulates protective immunity when it is injected into humans. There are also many nonscientific problems that must be solved, including the reluctance of the private sector to invest in such a project. If it is found that the genetic variation of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) is limited and predictable, vaccine-induced antibodies directed toward its structural proteins, especially envelope proteins, could protect against subsequent infection. Because retroviruses have a predilection for recombination and have been associated with malignant diseases, a live attenuated retrovirus vaccine is unlikely. A killed-virus vaccine should be more acceptable, but there are problems with selecting a cell line for producing the virus, choosing methods for purifying the viral antigens, and freeing them from viral nucleic acid. Cells derived from human tumors may be necessary to support the large-scale production of immunogenic antigens. Perhaps the best option at present is recombinant DNA technology. The advantage of antigen-production systems is that the infective virus cannot be produced because only a small portion of the viral genome is incorporated. Decisions must be made about which recombinant system to use (bacterial, yeast, or mammalian cells) and which antigen or antigens should be incorporated into the vaccine. Once expressed envelope proteins are available in adequate quantity and purity for testing, an evaluation pathway that will document safety and efficacy while minimizing the time for approval needs to be established.
MEK1/2 Inhibitors AS703026 and AZD6244 May Be Potential Therapies for <i>KRAS</i> Mutated Colorectal Cancer That Is Resistant to EGFR Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
Authors: Juyong Yoon, Kyoung-Hwa Koo, Kang-Yell Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are used widely to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, but it is now clear that patients harboring K-ras mutation are resistant to EGFR mAbs such as cetuximab (Erbitux) and panitumumab (Vectibix). For this reason, current recommendations for patient care involve diagnosing the K-ras mutational status of patients prior to EGFR mAb therapy. In this study, we investigated the ability of two MEK inhibitors currently in clinical trials, AS703026 and AZD6244, to address the challenge posed by the resistance of K-ras mutated colorectal cancers to EGFR mAb. AS703026 and AZD6244 were tested in various cell-based assays and tumor xenograft studies, focusing on isogenic human colorectal tumor cell lines that expressed only WT or mutant K-Ras (D-WT or D-MUT). The EGFR mAb cetuximab inhibited the Ras-ERK pathway and proliferation of D-WT cells in vitro and in vivo, but it did not inhibit proliferation of D-MUT cells in either setting. In contrast, AS703026 and AZD6244 effectively inhibited the growth of D-MUT cells in vitro and in vivo by specific inhibition of the key MEK downstream target kinase ERK. Inhibition of MEK by AS703026 or AZD6244 also suppressed cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer cells attributed to K-ras mutation both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings offer proof-of-concept for the use of MEK inhibitors as an effective therapy in K-ras mutated CRC.
Binding of FVIIa to TF promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro via activation of the extracellular regulated kinases
Authors: Plinio Cirillo, Paolo Golino, Paolo Calabro, Gaetano Cali, Lavinia Forte, Salvatore De Rosa, Mario Pacileo, Francesco Scopacasa, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Predicting Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

A new statistical model used to predict the risk of arsenic contamination in groundwater across China estimates that 19.6 million people live in areas that put them at high risk of exposure to this poisonous chemical (Rodriquez-Lado L et al. Science. 2013;341[6148]:866-868).
Tracking donor-reactive T cells: Evidence for clonal deletion in tolerant kidney transplant patients
Authors: Heather Morris, Susan DeWolf, Harlan Robins, Ben Sprangers, Samuel A. LoCascio, Brittany A. Shonts, Tatsuo Kawai, Waichi Wong, Suxiao Yang, Julien Zuber, Yufeng Shen, Megan Sykes
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

T cell responses to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex antigens present a formidable barrier to organ transplantation, necessitating long-term immunosuppression to minimize rejection. Chronic rejection and drug-induced morbidities are major limitations that could be overcome by allograft tolerance induction. Tolerance was first intentionally induced in humans via combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT), but the mechanisms of tolerance in these patients are incompletely understood. We now establish an assay to identify donor-reactive T cells and test the role of deletion in tolerance after CKBMT. Using high-throughput sequencing of the T cell receptor B chain CDR3 region, we define a fingerprint of the donor-reactive T cell repertoire before transplantation and track those clones after transplant. We observed posttransplant reductions in donor-reactive T cell clones in three tolerant CKBMT patients; such reductions were not observed in a fourth, nontolerant, CKBMT patient or in two conventional kidney transplant recipients on standard immunosuppressive regimens. T cell repertoire turnover due to lymphocyte-depleting conditioning only partially accounted for the observed reductions in tolerant patients; in fact, conventional transplant recipients showed expansion of circulating donor-reactive clones, despite extensive repertoire turnover. Moreover, loss of donor-reactive T cell clones more closely associated with tolerance induction than in vitro functional assays. Our analysis supports clonal deletion as a mechanism of allograft tolerance in CKBMT patients. The results validate the contribution of donor-reactive T cell clones identified before transplant by our method, supporting further exploration as a potential biomarker of transplant outcomes.
Polymalic Acid–Based Nanobiopolymer Provides Efficient Systemic Breast Cancer Treatment by Inhibiting both HER2/neu Receptor Synthesis and Activity
Authors: Satoshi Inoue, Hui Ding, Jose Portilla-Arias, Jinwei Hu, Bindu Konda, Manabu Fujita, Andres Espinoza, Sonal Suhane, Marisa Riley, Marcus Gates, Rameshwar Patil, Manuel L. Penichet, Alexander V. Ljubimov, Keith L. Black, Eggehard Holler, Julia Y. Ljubimova
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Biodegradable nanopolymers are believed to offer great potential in cancer therapy. Here, we report the characterization of a novel, targeted, nanobiopolymeric conjugate based on biodegradable, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic PMLA [poly(β-l-malic acid)]. The PMLA nanoplatform was synthesized for repetitive systemic treatments of HER2/neu-positive human breast tumors in a xenogeneic mouse model. Various moieties were covalently attached to PMLA, including a combination of morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (AON) directed against HER2/neu mRNA, to block new HER2/neu receptor synthesis; anti-HER2/neu antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin), to target breast cancer cells and inhibit receptor activity simultaneously; and transferrin receptor antibody, to target the tumor vasculature and mediate delivery of the nanobiopolymer through the host endothelial system. The results of the study showed that the lead drug tested significantly inhibited the growth of HER2/neu-positive breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by enhanced apoptosis and inhibition of HER2/neu receptor signaling with suppression of Akt phosphorylation. In vivo imaging analysis and confocal microscopy demonstrated selective accumulation of the nanodrug in tumor cells via an active delivery mechanism. Systemic treatment of human breast tumor-bearing nude mice resulted in more than 90% inhibition of tumor growth and tumor regression, as compared with partial (50%) tumor growth inhibition in mice treated with trastuzumab or AON, either free or attached to PMLA. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for use of the PMLA nanoplatform for combination cancer therapy.
Neuropathy Associated with Furaltadone
Authors: David M. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THIS REPORT is a presentation and discussion of the case history of a patient who developed severe toxic symptoms while receiving furaltadone. These symptoms were a result of multiple cranial nerve paralyses. The manifestations of toxicity began about 4 weeks after the onset of the administration of furaltadone, and complete return to normal was not apparent until about 4 months after the drug was discontinued.  Furaltadone, a member of the nitrofuran group, is a relatively new antibiotic. It has been found to be quite effective against infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Reactions to furaltadone have been mentioned in the literature 1, 2 and by the manufacturers, but they have been of a mild degree and prompt return to normal has occurred on cessation of the drug. The case history to be presented deals with a patient who developed a severe reaction while receiving furaltadone. Although a complete resolution of
Reciprocity Between New Jersey, New York and Other States.
Authors: E. L. B. Godfrey
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Camden, N. J., Oct. 31, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At a conference held between the board of regents of New York and the State Board of Medical Examiners of New Jersey, at Trenton, N. J., October 16, it was decided to indorse each other's examined licentiates without further examination, beginning Jan. 1, 1906. The medical license of New Jersey is indorsed, at this time, in lieu of further examination, by Maine, Vermont, Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, Texas, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Kansas and Colorado. New Jersey will indorse the medical license issued by any state, after examination, whose educational, examining and licensing requirements are substantially equal to or higher than those of New Jersey, irrespective of reciprocity, provided the applicant complies with the conditions of indorsement. The standard of requirements of New Jersey consists of a high school diploma issued after four years of study, and a medical diploma
[537] ANTI-LIVER KIDNEY MICROSOME TYPE ONE (ANTI-LKM1) POSITIVE HCV-RELATED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: PRESENTATION AND NATURAL HISTORY
Authors: S. Ferri, G. Ballardini, F.B. Bianchi, V. Cipriano, C. De Molo, A. Granite, A. Grassi, L. Muratori, P. Muratori, G. Pappas, C. Quarneti, M. Lenzi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)