tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus infection and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in Japan.
Authors: H Yamabe, R J Johnson, D R Gretch, K Fukushi, H Osawa, M Miyata, H Inuma, T Sasaki, M Kaizuka, N Tamura
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was determined in 146 adult patients with various types of glomerulonephritis and renal diseases monitored between 1990 and 1993. Serum HCV antibody (HCV Ab) was evaluated, and positive cases were tested for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. HCV infection was present in 1 (1.7%) of 58 cases of immunoglobulin A nephropathy, 0 (0%) of 14 cases of lupus nephritis, 0 (0%) of 12 cases of minimal change nephrosis, and 0 (0%) of 28 cases of other renal diseases, which is similar to the 2% prevalence observed in healthy blood donors in Japan. In contrast, HCV Ab was observed in 2 (8.3%) of 24 cases of membranous nephropathy and 6 (60%) of 10 cases of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) Type I. The prevalence of HCV infection in MPGN patients was significantly higher than the frequency of HCV infection observed in the other patients with renal diseases (P < 0.001). HCV RNA was present in all cases in which HCV Ab was present. The six patients with HCV-MPGN were similar to the four patients with idiopathic MPGN with respect to age, presence of nephrotic syndrome, and renal dysfunction, but had a higher incidence of liver dysfunction, cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor, and hypocomplementemia (low C3). HCV infection is present in a large percentage of patients with MPGN in Japan and clinically may differ slightly from other cases of MPGN.
Homozygous Mutation in Cardiac Troponin T
Authors: Carolyn Y. Ho, Harry M. Lever, Roman DeSanctis, Carol F. Farver, J. G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Mutations in the gene that encode cardiac troponin T (cTnT) account for approximately 15% of cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). These mutations are associated with a particularly severe form of HCM characterized by a high incidence of sudden death and a poor overall prognosis, despite subclinical or mild left ventricular hypertrophy.We evaluated a family with HCM and multiple occurrences of sudden death in children. DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood or paraffin-embedded tissue, and all protein-encoding exons of the cTnT gene were sequenced. A mutation was identified in exon 11 and is predicted to substitute a phenylalanine-for-serine mutation at residue 179 (Ser(179)Phe) in cTnT. Both parents and 3 of 4 surviving and clinically unaffected children were heterozygous for this mutation; another clinically unaffected child did not carry the mutation. Genetic analysis of DNA from a child who died suddenly at age 17 years demonstrated he was homozygous for this mutation. A review of his echocardiogram revealed profound left and right ventricular hypertrophy.An homozygous Ser(179)Phe mutation in cTnT causes a severe form of HCM characterized by striking morphological abnormalities and juvenile lethality. In contrast, the natural history of the heterozygous mutation is benign. These studies emphasize the relevance of genetic diagnosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and provide a new perspective on the clinical consequences of troponin T mutations.
Distribution of dinucleotide microsatellites in the Drosophila melanogaster genome
Authors: D. Bachtrog, S. Weiss, B. Zangerl, G. Brem, C. Schlotterer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Microsatellites, a special class of repetitive DNA, have become one of the most popular genetic markers. The progress of various genome projects has made it possible to study the genomic distribution of microsatellites and to evaluate the potential influence of several parameters on their genesis. We report the distribution of dinucleotide microsatellites in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. When considering only microsatellites with five or more repeat units, the average length of dinucleotide repeats in D. melanogaster is 6.7 repeats. We tested a wide range of parameters which could potentially influence microsatellite density, and we did not detect a significant influence of recombination rate, number of exons, or total length of coding sequence. In concordance with the neutral expectation for the origin of microsatellites, a significant positive correlation between AT content and (AT/TA)n microsatellite density was detected. While this pattern may indicate that microsatellite genesis is a random process, we also found evidence for a nonrandom distribution of microsatellites. Average microsatellite density was higher on the X chromosome, but extreme heterogeneity was observed between different genomic regions. Such a clumping of microsatellites was also evident on a more local scale, as 38.9% of the contiguous sequences analyzed showed a deviation from a random distribution of microsatellites.
Induction and abrogation of unresponsiveness in nude mouse cells.
Authors: R Bösing-Schneider, M Haug
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Nude mice were injected with antigen and T cells at different times to induce unresponsiveness to SRBC. Spleen cells derived from these mice were tested in vitro for the capability to produce antibody-forming cells against sheep erythrocytes in the presence of a T-cell-replacing factor. It was found that priming with antigen alone did not result in paralysis but a later injection of thymus-derived lymphocytes together with antigen results in unresponsiveness of these cells in vitro, provided there was an interval of several days between the in vivo administration of thymus lymphocytes and the explantations of cells to in vitro cultures.
Serum nm23-H1 protein as a prognostic factor in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Nozomi Niitsu, Junko Okabe-Kado, Masataka Okamoto, Toshiyuki Takagi, Takashi Yoshida, Sadao Aoki, Masami Hirano, Yoshio Honma
Journal: Blood (2001)
The MLL recombinome of acute leukemias in 2013
Authors: C Meyer, J Hofmann, T Burmeister, D Gröger, T S Park, M Emerenciano, M Pombo de Oliveira, A Renneville, P Villarese, E Macintyre, H Cavé, E Clappier, K Mass-Malo, J Zuna, J Trka, E De Braekeleer, M De Braekeleer, S H Oh, G Tsaur, L Fechina, V H J van der Velden, J J M van Dongen, E Delabesse, R Binato, M L M Silva, A Kustanovich, O Aleinikova, M H Harris, T Lund-Aho, V Juvonen, O Heidenreich, J Vormoor, W W L Choi, M Jarosova, A Kolenova, C Bueno, P Menendez, S Wehner, C Eckert, P Talmant, S Tondeur, E Lippert, E Launay, C Henry, P Ballerini, H Lapillone, M B Callanan, J M Cayuela, C Herbaux, G Cazzaniga, P M Kakadiya, S Bohlander, M Ahlmann, J R Choi, P Gameiro, D S Lee, J Krauter, P Cornillet-Lefebvre, G Te Kronnie, B W Schäfer, S Kubetzko, C N Alonso, U zur Stadt, R Sutton, N C Venn, S Izraeli, L Trakhtenbrot, H O Madsen, P Archer, J Hancock, N Cerveira, M R Teixeira, L Lo Nigro, A Möricke, M Stanulla, M Schrappe, L Sedék, T Szczepański, C M Zwaan, E A Coenen, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, S Strehl, M Dworzak, R Panzer-Grümayer, T Dingermann, T Klingebiel, R Marschalek
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Chromosomal rearrangements of the human MLL (mixed lineage leukemia) gene are associated with high-risk infant, pediatric, adult and therapy-induced acute leukemias. We used long-distance inverse-polymerase chain reaction to characterize the chromosomal rearrangement of individual acute leukemia patients. We present data of the molecular characterization of 1590 MLL-rearranged biopsy samples obtained from acute leukemia patients. The precise localization of genomic breakpoints within the MLL gene and the involved translocation partner genes (TPGs) were determined and novel TPGs identified. All patients were classified according to their gender (852 females and 745 males), age at diagnosis (558 infant, 416 pediatric and 616 adult leukemia patients) and other clinical criteria. Combined data of our study and recently published data revealed a total of 121 different MLL rearrangements, of which 79 TPGs are now characterized at the molecular level. However, only seven rearrangements seem to be predominantly associated with illegitimate recombinations of the MLL gene (∼90%): AFF1/AF4, MLLT3/AF9, MLLT1/ENL, MLLT10/AF10, ELL, partial tandem duplications (MLL PTDs) and MLLT4/AF6, respectively. The MLL breakpoint distributions for all clinical relevant subtypes (gender, disease type, age at diagnosis, reciprocal, complex and therapy-induced translocations) are presented. Finally, we present the extending network of reciprocal MLL fusions deriving from complex rearrangements.
Benefit of Transferring ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Compared With Administration of Onsite Fibrinolytic Declines as Delays Increase
Authors: Duane S. Pinto, Paul D. Frederick, Anjan K. Chakrabarti, Ajay J. Kirtane, Edward Ullman, Andre Dejam, Dave P. Miller, Timothy D. Henry, C. Michael Gibson
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Although randomized trials suggest that transfer for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (X-PCI) in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction is superior to onsite fibrinolytic therapy (O-FT), the generalizability of these findings to routine clinical practice is unclear because door-to-balloon (XDB) times are rapid in randomized trials but are frequently prolonged in practice. We hypothesized that delays resulting from transfer would reduce the survival advantage of X-PCI compared with O-FT. Methods and Results— ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients enrolled in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI) within 12 hours of pain onset were identified. Propensity matching of patients treated with X-PCI and O-FT was performed, and the effect of PCI-related delay on in-hospital mortality was assessed. PCI-related delay was calculated by subtracting the XDB from the door-to-needle time in each matched pair. Conditional logistic regression adjusted for patient and hospital variables identified the XDB door-to-needle time at which no mortality advantage for X-PCI over O-FT was present. Eighty-one percent of X-PCI patients were matched (n=9506) to O-FT patients (n=9506). In the matched cohort, X-PCI was performed with delays &gt;90 minutes in 68%. Multivariable analysis found no mortality advantage for X-PCI over O-FT when XDB door-to-needle time exceeded ≈120 minutes. Conclusion— PCI-related delays are extensive among patients transferred for X-PCI and are associated with poorer outcomes. No differential excess in mortality was seen with X-PCI compared with O-FT even with long PCI-related delays, but as XDB door-to-needle time times increase, the mortality advantage for X-PCI over O-FT declines.
New bill on force feeding prisoners poses medical dilemma for Israel's doctors
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Israel’s doctors are finding themselves caught between their ethical obligations as doctors and a government bill likely to become law that would require them to force feed prisoners who go on hunger strikes that endanger their lives. Currently four Palestinian prisoners are refusing to eat solid food, and one has been admitted to hospital in a weak condition.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s right wing cabinet approved on Sunday 14 June the decision to revive the bill, which was dropped in the previous 19th Knesset (parliament) last year because of strong opposition by the Israel Medical Association. But the government has rushed it through so it can go through the legislative process’s official readings.

The association’s …
IL-12 p80 Is an Innate Epithelial Cell Effector That Mediates Chronic Allograft Dysfunction
Authors: Cassandra L. Mikols, Le Yan, Jin Y. Norris, Tonya D. Russell, Anthony P. Khalifah, Ramsey R. Hachem, Murali M. Chakinala, Roger D. Yusen, Mario Castro, Elbert Kuo, G. Alexander Patterson, Thalachallour Mohanakumar, Elbert P. Trulock, Michael J. Walter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is the leading cause of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. We have demonstrated that respiratory viral infection is a bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome risk factor and virus-dependent injury induces expression of innate airway epithelial genes belonging to the interleukin (IL)-12 family. Thus, we hypothesized that epithelial cell IL-12 family members could mediate lung allograft dysfunction.We used mouse and human allograft specimens to evaluate the role of epithelial cell IL-12 family members in allograft dysfunction associated with and without viral infection.Murine and human IL-12 family members were characterized and manipulated in allografts and then correlated with epithelial cell injury, immune cell accumulation, and collagen deposition.In a mouse model of lung transplantation, concurrent viral infection and allogeneic transplantation increased epithelial injury and this was followed by exaggerated accumulation of macrophages and collagen deposition. This virus-driven allograft dysfunction was associated with an epithelial innate response manifested by a synergistic increase in the production of the macrophage chemoattractant IL-12 p80 (p80), but not IL-12 or IL-23. Blockade or overexpression of donor epithelial p80 resulted in a corresponding abrogation or enhancement of macrophage accumulation and allograft dysfunction. We extended these findings to human recipients with viral infection and transplant bronchitis and again observed excessive epithelial p80 expression that correlated with increased macrophage accumulation.These experiments support a role for an enhanced epithelial innate response as a central process in allograft dysfunction and identify the macrophage chemoattractant p80 as an innate epithelial effector of disease progression.
PMO-038 A re-audit to evaluate the use of the spinal nutrition screening tool in the national spinal injuries centre (NSIC) at stoke Mandeville hospital
Authors: S S H Wong, L Spillman, J Doraikannu, A Graham, D Green, G Grimble, A Forbes
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Malnutrition is common in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI).<sup>1</sup> National guidelines<sup>2 3</sup> have set recommended standards for nutrition screening in patients with SCI. An unpublished audit to assess the use of the Spinal Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST) found that in 2009 the use was low. <h3>Methods</h3> The present audit aimed to reassess the use of SNST and whether there had been any improvement since 2009. Ninety-three adults (mean age: 51.4 years, SD: 17.3, 17.2% female) with SCI (53.7% tetraplegia; 51.6% complete SCI) were audited in December 2011, on five in-patient wards. Data from individual patient notes were collected by two trained professionals (dietitian and nurse) using a standardised questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy-one (76.3%) sets of notes had a SNST form. Sixty-nine (74.2%) patients had their weight measured on admission, 49 (52.6%) had their height recorded, and 59 (63.4%) had their SNST fully completed. At the time of audit, 47.9% of patients were found to be at risk of undernutrition, 11.5% had a body mass index &lt;20 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and 19.4% were found to have eaten less than half of their last meal. The current audit showed that the use of the SNST has improved significantly: 2009 vs 2011: ward A: 0% vs 73.3%, p&lt;0.01; ward p: 0% vs 33.3%, p=0.01; ward G: 23.5% vs 77.3%, p&lt;0.01; Ward D: 22% vs 52%, p=0.03; ward J: 47.6% vs 81.3%, p=0.01;] and in the NSIC overall: 24% vs 63.4%, [p&lt;0.001]. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The uptake of nutrition screening appears to have improved in the NSIC but with much still to be achieved. A nutrition steering group has been set up to monitor and evaluate the implementation of nutrition policy on a continuing basis. <h3>Competing interests</h3> S Wong: None declared, L Spillman: None declared, J Doraikannu: None declared, A Graham: None declared, D Green: None declared, G Grimble: None declared, A Forbes grant/research support from: National Institute for Health and Research. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Wong S</b>, <i>et al. Eur J Clin Nutr</i><b>2011</b>. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.209 2. <b>NICE</b>. <i>Nutrition Support in Adults: Oral Nutrition Support, Enteral Tube Feeding And Parenteral Nutrition.</i> NICE, 2006. 3. <b>Royal College of Physicians.</b><i>Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Management of Patients in Acute Hospital Settings: National Guidelines</i>. London: Royal College of Physicians, 2008.
A 73-Year-Old Man with Interstitial Lung Disease Due to Dronedarone
Authors: Ana R. Hernández Voth, Javier Sayas Catalán, Pedro D. Benavides Mañas, Régulo J. Ávila Martínez, Carlos L. Peñalver Paolini, María J. Díaz de Atauri Rodríguez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)
Studies of the effect of D-penicillamine and sodium aurothiomalate therapy on superoxide anion production by monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for in vivo stimulation of monocytes.
Authors: N.P Hurst, A.L Bell, G Nuki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The capacity of monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to generate superoxide anion in vitro after stimulation with serum treated zymosan (STZ) or IgG treated zymosan (IgTZ) was studied before and during therapy with penicillamine (n = 9) or sodium aurothiomalate (AuTM) (n = 12). Significant increases in rates of STZ (p less than 0.01) and IgTZ (p less than 0.02) stimulated superoxide anion production were seen after successful therapy (14 patients), which were paralleled by a significant increase in serum thiol levels. Patients who did not respond clinically to therapy (n = 4) showed a smaller mean increase in serum thiol levels and had high mean rates of in vitro superoxide production before and after second-line therapy. Three patients were withdrawn from the study. The data suggest that successful therapy with penicillamine or AuTM may be associated with monocyte activation, and possible mechanisms are discussed.
Cyriax physiotherapy for tennis elbow/lateral epicondylitis
Authors: D Stasinopoulos, M I Johnson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis is one of the most common lesions of the arm with a well defined clinical presentation, which significantly impacts on the community. Many treatment approaches have been proposed to manage this condition. One is Cyriax physiotherapy. The effectiveness and reported effects of this intervention are reviewed.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Lung-Volume–Reduction Surgery with Medical Therapy for Severe Emphysema
Authors: Alfred Fishman, Fernando Martinez, Keith Naunheim, Steven Piantadosi, Robert Wise, Andrew Ries, Gail Weinmann, Douglas E Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Lung-volume-reduction surgery has been proposed as a palliative treatment for severe emphysema. Effects on mortality, the magnitude and durability of benefits, and criteria for the selection of patients have not been established.A total of 1218 patients with severe emphysema underwent pulmonary rehabilitation and were randomly assigned to undergo lung-volume-reduction surgery or to receive continued medical treatment.Overall mortality was 0.11 death per person-year in both treatment groups (risk ratio for death in the surgery group, 1.01; P=0.90). After 24 months, exercise capacity had improved by more than 10 W in 15 percent of the patients in the surgery group, as compared with 3 percent of patients in the medical-therapy group (P<0.001). With the exclusion of a subgroup of 140 patients at high risk for death from surgery according to an interim analysis, overall mortality in the surgery group was 0.09 death per person-year, as compared with 0.10 death per person-year in the medical-therapy group (risk ratio, 0.89; P=0.31); exercise capacity after 24 months had improved by more than 10 W in 16 percent of patients in the surgery group, as compared with 3 percent of patients in the medical-therapy group (P<0.001). Among patients with predominantly upper-lobe emphysema and low exercise capacity, mortality was lower in the surgery group than in the medical-therapy group (risk ratio for death, 0.47; P=0.005). Among patients with non-upper-lobe emphysema and high exercise capacity, mortality was higher in the surgery group than in the medical-therapy group (risk ratio, 2.06; P=0.02).Overall, lung-volume-reduction surgery increases the chance of improved exercise capacity but does not confer a survival advantage over medical therapy. It does yield a survival advantage for patients with both predominantly upper-lobe emphysema and low base-line exercise capacity. Patients previously reported to be at high risk and those with non-upper-lobe emphysema and high base-line exercise capacity are poor candidates for lung-volume-reduction surgery, because of increased mortality and negligible functional gain.
Physician-Determined Patient Risk of Toxic Effects: Impact on Enrollment and Decision Making in Phase I Cancer Trials
Authors: R. Mick, N. Lane, C. Daugherty, M. J. Ratain
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Physician-Determined Patient Risk of Toxic Effects: Impact on Enrollment and Decision Making in Phase I Cancer Trials Get access Rosemarie Mick, Rosemarie Mick Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Center and Committee on Clinical Pharmacology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicago, III Correspondence to: Rosemarie Mick, M.S., University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neil Lane, Neil Lane Section of Hematology/Oncology. Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicago, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher Daugherty, Christopher Daugherty Section of Hematology/Oncology. Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicago, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark J. Ratain Mark J. Ratain Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Center and Committee on Clinical Pharmacology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicago, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 22, 16 November 1994, Pages 1685–1693, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.22.1685 Published: 16 November 1994 Article history Received: 18 April 1994 Revision received: 20 July 1994 Accepted: 17 August 1994 Published: 16 November 1994