tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Test Positive Predictive Value in Ovarian Cancer Screening
Authors: Mark H. Greene, Ziding Feng, Mitchell H. Gail
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Visintin et al. ([1][1]) have reported a multiplex (six biomarker), bead-based immunoassay system as a candidate for ovarian cancer screening in high-risk populations. This assay has recently been marketed as an ovarian cancer screening test by LabCorp, under the trade name OvaSure ([2][2]), citing
Gone Fishing (for Silent Atrial Fibrillation)
Authors: Yousif Ahmad, Paulus Kirchhof
Journal: Circulation (2013)

A trial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a stubbornly ele- vated mortality (3.5% --4% per year in trials), 1-4 at odds with the decline in mortality after a first myocardial infarction. 5Furthermore, the prevalence and incidence of AF are increasing as our societies get older, 6 and treatment of other acute and chronic cardiac disorders that predispose to AF will further prolong the lives of patients at risk of AF.Hence, there is a need to improve outcomes in patients with AF. 7
DNAM-1 and PVR Regulate Monocyte Migration through Endothelial Junctions
Authors: Nicolas Reymond, Anne-Marie Imbert, Elisabeth Devilard, Stéphanie Fabre, Christian Chabannon, Luc Xerri, Catherine Farnarier, Claudia Cantoni, Cristina Bottino, Alessandro Moretta, Patrice Dubreuil, Marc Lopez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1; CD226) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in T cell and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. We demonstrated recently that DNAM-1 triggers NK cell–mediated killing of tumor cells upon engagement by its two ligands, poliovirus receptor (PVR; CD155) and Nectin-2 (CD112). In the present paper, we show that PVR and Nectin-2 are expressed at cell junctions on primary vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, the specific binding of a soluble DNAM-1–Fc molecule was detected at endothelial junctions. This binding was almost completely abrogated by anti-PVR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but not modified by anti–Nectin-2 mAbs, which demonstrates that PVR is the major DNAM-1 ligand on endothelial cells. Because DNAM-1 is highly expressed on leukocytes, we investigated the role of the DNAM-1–PVR interaction during the monocyte transendothelial migration process. In vitro, both anti–DNAM-1 and anti-PVR mAbs strongly blocked the transmigration of monocytes through the endothelium. Moreover, after anti–DNAM-1 or anti-PVR mAb treatment, monocytes were arrested at the apical surface of the endothelium over intercellular junctions, which strongly suggests that the DNAM-1–PVR interaction occurs during the diapedesis step. Altogether, our results demonstrate that DNAM-1 regulates monocyte extravasation via its interaction with PVR expressed at endothelial junctions on normal cells.
Bronchoscopic application of mitomycin-C as adjuvant treatment of postintubation tracheal stenosis
Authors: Filipa Viveiros, Joana Gomes, Ana Oliveira, Sofia Neves, José Almeida, João Moura e Sá
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) continues to be a challenge in the diagnosis, management, and prevention.Mitomycin-C (MMC) is an antineoplastic antibiotic that inhibits fibroblast proliferation, modulating wound healing and scarring.Its topical application, as adjuvant treatment in endoscopic management of stenosis, has showed good results.  Aim: Evaluate the results of MMC application by Rigid Bronchoscopy (RB) in PITS.  Methods: Selected patients with PITS, in whom MMC was applied.It was used in a concentration of 0,4 mg/ml, applied with a cotton stiletto around granulation tissue, for 2-3 minutes, after RB dilatation or laser. Re-evaluation and MMC application was done according to evolution. Patients were evaluated for kind, location and stenosis size (%), treatment procedures and results with adjuvant MMC application.  Results: 7 patients, 71,4% women, mean age 55,4y. Mean initial stenosis diameter 50% of airway lumen, mostly located 1-3cm below vocal cords, with 1-2 tracheal rings involvement. Stenosis RB dilatation, laser and MMC were made in all patients. Mean MMC sessions 2.7, with good and lasting decrease in granulation tissue in 43%, moderate in 29% and relapsing in 29%. At this moment, after MMC use, the mean time since granulation and symptoms improvement is 17,3 m, and mean final airway diameter 70% of the lumen.  Conclusions: Our experience revealed that topical application of MMC can be beneficial in the modulation of wound healing and in the decreasing scar formation in the treatment of airway stenosis. Further research and randomized prospective clinical trials are needed to determine the most effective concentration, time and frequency of exposure to MMC.
<i>In vivo</i> Colocalization of Antigen and CpG within Dendritic Cells Is Associated with the Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Stefan Nierkens, Martijn H. den Brok, Roger P.M. Sutmuller, Oliver M. Grauer, Erik Bennink, Mary E. Morgan, Carl G. Figdor, Theo J.M. Ruers, Gosse J. Adema
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Immunostimulatory cytidyl guanosyl (CpG) motifs are of great interest as cancer vaccine adjuvants. They act as potent inducers of Th1 responses, including the activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL). Whereas animal models have provided clear evidence that CpG enhances antitumor immunity, clinical trials in humans have thus far been less successful. Applying cryosurgery as an instant in situ tumor destruction technique, we now show that timing of CpG administration crucially affects colocalization of antigen and CpG within EEA-1+ and LAMP-1+ compartments within dendritic cells in vivo. Moreover, antigen/CpG colocalization is directly correlated with antigen cross-presentation, the presence of CTL, and protective antitumor immunity. Thus, failure or success of CpG as a vaccine adjuvant may depend on colocalization of antigen/CpG inside DCs and hence on the timing of CpG administration. These data might aid in the design of future immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer patients. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5390–6]
Postmortem Assessment of Thalamic Nuclear Volumes in Subjects With Schizophrenia
Authors: William Byne, Monte S. Buchsbaum, Linda A. Mattiace, Erin A. Hazlett, Eileen Kemether, Sharif L. Elhakem, Dushyant P. Purohit, Vahram Haroutunian, Liesl Jones
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed schizophrenia-associated changes in volume and neuronal number in the mediodorsal nucleus and the pulvinar regions of the thalamus. METHOD: Right-hemisphere thalami obtained at autopsy from 14 schizophrenic and eight comparison subjects were examined. Computer-assisted morphometric techniques were used to determine volumes for the mediodorsal nucleus, pulvinar, and the anterior and centromedian nuclei as well as the parvocellular, magnocellular, and caudodorsal subdivisions of the mediodorsal nucleus. Neurons in the mediodorsal nucleus and pulvinar were counted and measured by using a stereology-based sampling strategy. RESULTS: Four schizophrenic and three comparison subjects had Alzheimer's type pathology, leaving 10 schizophrenic and five comparison subjects without other documented neuropathological changes. In analyses that included either the full cohort or only the subjects without Alzheimer's type pathology, volumes of the mediodorsal nucleus and pulvinar, but not the anterior or centromedian nuclei, were significantly smaller in the schizophrenic subjects. For the schizophrenic subjects, neuronal number in the mediodorsal nucleus, parvocellular subdivision, and pulvinar was significantly lower, and neuronal size in the mediodorsal nucleus, caudodorsal subdivision, and pulvinar was significantly smaller. CONCLUSIONS: Schizophrenia is associated with volume and neuronal changes in the mediodorsal nucleus and pulvinar, the major association nuclei of the thalamus, whereas total thalamic volume and the volumes of anterior and centromedian nuclei were not significantly altered.
Contralateral Primary Tumors in Breast Cancer Patients in a Randomized Trial of Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy
Authors: L. E. Rutqvist, B. Cedermark, U. Glas, A. Mattsson, L. Skoog, A. Somell, T. Theve, N. Wilking, J. Askergren, M.-L. Hjalmar, S. Rotstein, L. Perbeck, U. Ringborg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Prophylactic treatment with the anti-estrogen tamoxifen may reduce the risk of breast cancer because estrogens are thought to act as promotors in the pathogenesis of the disease. This article presents results on the incidence of contralateral new primary tumors among 1846 postmenopausal breast cancer patients included in a randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for 2 or 5 years after surgery versus no adjuvant endocrine therapy. The median follow-up was 7 years (range, 3–13 years). There was a significant reduction of contralateral breast cancer in the 931 patients in the tamoxifen group versus that in the 915 control patients (29 versus 47 cases, respectively; P =.03). The cumulative incidence at 10 years in the tamoxifen group and the control group was 5% and 8%, respectively. Analysis of the relative hazard of contralateral tumor over time showed that the benefit with tamoxifen therapy was greatest during the first 1–2 years, but there was a continued risk reduction during the entire follow-up period, i.e., more than 10 years after cessation of treatment. There was no significant difference in the number of contralateral cancers in the patients randomly assigned to 2 or 5 years of treatment, but the 95% confidence interval of the relative hazard was wide. The proportion of estrogen receptor-negative contralateral breast cancers was higher in the tamoxifen group than in the control group. There was no difference, however, between the two groups in recurrence-free survival time from the diagnosis of the contralateral cancer. The results support the initiation of controlled trials on the chemopreventive ability of tamoxifen therapy in previously healthy postmenopausal women at high risk of developing breast cancer. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:1299–1306, 1991]
Comparative Chromosome Study of Normal Mammary Tissue, Carcinogen-Induced Mammary Tumors, and Hyperplastic Alveolar Nodules in the Rat: Brief Communication 2
Authors: Yoshikazu Takahashi, Dilip K. Sinha, Thomas L. Dao
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Comparative Chromosome Study of Normal Mammary Tissue, Carcinogen-Induced Mammary Tumors, and Hyperplastic Alveolar Nodules in the Rat: Brief Communication Get access Yoshikazu Takahashi, Yoshikazu Takahashi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dilip K. Sinha, Dilip K. Sinha Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas L. Dao Thomas L. Dao Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 3, September 1977, Pages 1007–1012, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.3.1007 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 20 August 1976 Revision received: 15 March 1977 Accepted: 28 March 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
Humidified nasal continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: A.M. Neill, H.S. Wai, S.P.T. Bannan, C.R. Beasley, M. Weatherall, A.J. Campbell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Heated humidification of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) reduces upper airway symptoms and improves initial use in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The present study aimed to assess the effect of heated humidification of nCPAP on upper airway symptoms and initial use in obstructive sleep apnoea. This study was of a randomised, crossover design. Subjects with polysomnographically confirmed OSAS were randomised to 3 weeks nCPAP treatment with heated humidification (nCPAP-humid) or placebo humidification (nCPAP pl-humid). Objective and subjective nCPAP use, upper airway symptoms, and treatment satisfaction were compared. Thirty seven of 42 patients completed the protocol. nCPAP-humid reduced the frequency of adverse upper airway symptoms. nCPAP use over 3 weeks was greater with nCPAP-humid compared with nCPAP pl-humid. No difference was found between the treatment arms in terms of subjective treatment satisfaction or alertness. Heated humidification of nasal continuous positive airway pressure reduces upper airway symptoms and is associated with a small increase in initial use but not subjective sleepiness or treatment satisfaction. The results support the use of heated humidification as a strategy to reduce side-effects related to continuous positive airway pressure but not routine initial use. This study was funded by an Otago University Research Grant.
Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy for A1C Reduction (STAR 3) Study
Authors: Richard M. Bergenstal, William V. Tamborlane, Andrew Ahmann, John B. Buse, George Dailey, Stephen N. Davis, Carol Joyce, Bruce A. Perkins, John B. Welsh, Steven M. Willi, Michael A. Wood
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of crossing over from optimized multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy to sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy for 6 months, and the effects of 18 months' sustained use of SAP. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The 6-month, single-crossover continuation phase of Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy for A1C Reduction (STAR 3) provided SAP therapy to 420 subjects who completed the 1-year randomized study. The primary outcome was change in A1C in the crossover group. RESULTS A1C values were initially lower in the continuing-SAP group than in the crossover group (7.4 vs. 8.0%, P < 0.001). A1C values remained reduced in the SAP group. After 3 months on the SAP system, A1C decreased to 7.6% in the crossover group (P < 0.001); this was a significant and sustained decrease among both adults and children (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Switching from optimized MDI to SAP therapy allowed for rapid and safe A1C reductions. Glycemic benefits of SAP therapy persist for at least 18 months.
High rates of histopathologic discordance in sarcoma with implications for clinical care.
Authors: C. P. Raut, S. George, J. L. Hornick, J. E. Butrynski, J. A. Morgan, J. Ready, A. F. Nascimento, C. D. Fletcher, G. D. Demetri, E. H. Baldini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

10065 Background: Histology-specific therapy for sarcoma patients (pts) at dedicated sarcoma centers is routinely guided by re-review of histopathology (HP) from referring institutions. We evaluated the rate of discordance between HP diagnoses rendered by the referring institution and our institution and the impact on treatment. Methods: This retrospective study included all pts with a new diagnosis of primary/metastatic sarcoma with available HP slides and reports referred to our sarcoma center January-December 2010. Rates of discordance and impact on treatment and prognosis were assessed. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of discordance with HP characteristics. Results: Of 795 unique pts referred to our sarcoma center, 335 (42%) met inclusion criteria; ineligible pts included 195 (25%) with recurrence, 92 (12%) without a biopsy, and 36 (5%) from our institution. HP discordance was noted in 79 cases (24%), of which 52 (16%) were deemed clinically significant, altering treatment recommendations (systemic therapy regimen, extent of surgery, use of radiation) and/or prognosis. Using the referring institution’s HP diagnosis as the reference, low discordance rates were noted for GIST (2/49, 4%), angiosarcoma (0/25, 0%), and Ewing sarcoma (1/9, 11%). In contrast, discordance rates were higher for liposarcoma (all subtypes, 5/23, 22%), leiomyosarcoma (7/34, 21%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (5/6, 83%). Ten cases (13%) were diagnosed as “sarcomas” at referring institutions and as non-sarcoma lesions (e.g., lymphoma, melanoma, T11 fracture callus) at our institution. HP materials on 102 pts (30%) were sent for second opinion review prior to referral to our center; 2 cases were discordant. On univariate analysis, referring institution diagnoses of fibroblastic tumors (p=0.04) or tumors with skeletal muscle differentiation (p<0.0001) were significantly more likely to be discordant. Conclusions: Rates of HP discordance in sarcoma can be high and may impact therapeutic decisions in a substantial subset of pts. This may in part reflect the bias of challenging cases referred to a sarcoma center. Nonetheless, pts with the more frequently discordant sarcoma subtypes may benefit from second opinion review.
A Methodological Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials of Computer-Assisted Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders: Toward Improved Standards for an Emerging Field
Authors: Brian D. Kiluk, Dawn E. Sugarman, Charla Nich, Carly J. Gibbons, Steve Martino, Bruce J. Rounsaville, Kathleen M. Carroll
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Objective: Computer-assisted therapies offer a novel, cost-effective strategy for providing evidence-based therapies to a broad range of individuals with psychiatric disorders. However, the extent to which the growing body of randomized trials evaluating computer-assisted therapies meets current standards of methodological rigor for evidence-based interventions is not clear. Method: A methodological analysis of randomized clinical trials of computer-assisted therapies for adult psychiatric disorders, published between January 1990 and January 2010, was conducted. Seventy-five studies that examined computer-assisted therapies for a range of axis I disorders were evaluated using a 14-item methodological quality index. Results: Results indicated marked heterogeneity in study quality. No study met all 14 basic quality standards, and three met 13 criteria. Consistent weaknesses were noted in evaluation of treatment exposure and adherence, rates of follow-up assessment, and conformity to intention-to-treat principles. Studies utilizing weaker comparison conditions (e.g., wait-list controls) had poorer methodological quality scores and were more likely to report effects favoring the computer-assisted condition. Conclusions: While several well-conducted studies have indicated promising results for computer-assisted therapies, this emerging field has not yet achieved a level of methodological quality equivalent to those required for other evidence-based behavioral therapies or pharmacotherapies. Adoption of more consistent standards for methodological quality in this field, with greater attention to potential adverse events, is needed before computer-assisted therapies are widely disseminated or marketed as evidence based.
Role of Foods in Sporadic Listeriosis
Authors: Robert W. Pinner
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To evaluate the role of foods in sporadic listeriosis.Microbiologic survey of foods collected from refrigerators of patients with listeriosis identified through active laboratory-based surveillance. Patient and food Listeria monocytogenes isolates were subtyped to identify foods contaminated with the same strain of L monocytogenes that caused illness in the patient; samples of these foods were obtained from the retail source.Multistate population-based study conducted between 1988 and 1990.Listeria monocytogenes grew from at least one food specimen in the refrigerators of 79 (64%) of 123 listeriosis patients; 11% of more than 2000 food specimens collected in the study contained L monocytogenes. Twenty-six (33%) of 79 refrigerators with foods that grew L monocytogenes contained at least one food isolate of the same strain as that in the corresponding patient, a frequency much higher than would be expected by chance (P less than .001). Multivariate analysis showed that of the food specimens that grew L monocytogenes, foods that were ready-to-eat, foods that grew L monocytogenes by a direct-plating method (a measure of the level of contamination), and foods that contained serotype 4b isolates were independently associated with an increased likelihood of containing the patient-matching strain.We identified specific food and L monocytogenes isolate characteristics--ready-to-eat foods, foods containing higher concentrations of L monocytogenes, and foods containing serotype 4b--which were associated with disease-causing strains. These results can provide guidance to industry and regulatory agencies in developing strategies to prevent listeriosis.
Global Research Priorities to Better Understand the Burden of Iatrogenic Harm in Primary Care: An International Delphi Exercise
Authors: Kathrin M. Cresswell, Sukhmeet S. Panesar, Sarah A. Salvilla, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Itziar Larizgoitia, Liam J. Donaldson, David Bates, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Using a modified Delphi exercise, Aziz Sheikh and colleagues identify research priorities for patient safety research in primary care contexts. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Ponatinib—A Step Forward in Overcoming Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Olga Frankfurt, Jonathan D. Licht
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

With the current therapy, the improvement in survival of patient with early chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is unrivaled by that of any other leukemia. In fact, extrapolation of the survival curves may suggest that life expectancy of patients who achieve and maintain predetermined milestones may not differ from that of the age-matched healthy adults. The main reasons for such success are the presence of a well-defined molecular target, the BCR-ABL oncogene, necessary and sufficient for the initiation and propagation of CML, and the powerful and selective agents that inhibit it. Five U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), each with unique activities and toxicity profiles, allow for individualized patient care. Despite the remarkable responses of most patients, a small but significant fraction of patients develops clinical resistance to the TKIs, some of which is attributed to the BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations affecting TKI binding and activity. The recently approved third-generation TKI ponatinib showed remarkable activity in the patients with multi-TKI-resistant disease. Particularly impressive was its efficacy in patients with T315I mutation that is resistant to all other TKIs. In lieu of the current emphasis on achieving earlier and more profound responses and excellent activity of ponatinib in the refractory setting, its optimal position among the available armamentarium of agents is being established.
Guidelines on the irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and practical management
Authors: R Spiller, Q Aziz, F Creed, A Emmanuel, L Houghton, P Hungin, R Jones, D Kumar, G Rubin, N Trudgill, P Whorwell
Journal: Gut (2007)

IBS affects 5-11% of the population of most countries. Prevalence peaks in the third and fourth decades, with a female predominance.
T Cell Receptor Internalization from the Immunological Synapse Is Mediated by TC21 and RhoG GTPase-Dependent Phagocytosis
Authors: Nuria Martínez-Martín, Elena Fernández-Arenas, Saso Cemerski, Pilar Delgado, Martin Turner, John Heuser, Darrell J. Irvine, Bonnie Huang, Xosé R. Bustelo, Andrey Shaw, Balbino Alarcón
Journal: Immunity (2011)