tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critical roles of miRNA-mediated regulation of TGF signalling during mouse cardiogenesis
Authors: Y. Peng, L. Song, M. Zhao, C. Harmelink, P. Debenedittis, X. Cui, Q. Wang, K. Jiao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles during the development of the cardiovascular system. Blocking miRNA biosynthesis in embryonic hearts through a conditional gene inactivation approach led to differential cardiac defects depending on the Cre drivers used in different studies. The goal of this study is to reveal the cardiogenic pathway that is regulated by the miRNA mechanism at midgestation, a stage that has not been evaluated in previous publications. We specifically inactivated Dicer1, which is essential for generation of functional mature miRNAs, in the myocardium by crossing cTnt-Cre mice with Dicer1loxP mice. cTnt-Cre efficiently inactivates target genes in cardiomyocytes at midgestation. All mutants died between E14.5 and E16.5 with severe myocardial wall defects, including reduced cell proliferation, increased cell death, and spongy myocardial wall. Expression of TGFβ type I receptor (Tgfbr1), which encodes the Type I receptor of TGFβ ligands, was up-regulated in mutant hearts. As expected, TGFβ activity was increased in Dicer1-inactivated hearts. Our further molecular analysis suggested that Tgfbr1 is a direct target of three miRNAs. Reducing TGFβ activities using a pharmacological inhibitor on in vitro cultured hearts, or through an in vivo genetic approach, partially rescued the cardiac defects caused by Dicer1 inactivation. We show for the first time that TGFβ signalling is directly regulated by the miRNA mechanism during myocardial wall morphogenesis. Increased TGFβ activity plays a major role in the cardiac defects caused by myocardial deletion of Dicer1. Thus, miRNA-mediated regulation of TGFβ signalling is indispensable for normal cardiogenesis.
DISEASES OF THE MAXILLARY BONES AND THEIR PERIOSTEUM.Read in the Section on Dental and Oral Surgery, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: VIDA A. LATHAM
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Under this heading we will notice some points of interest connected with dental surgery and pathology, although the cause and history of these diseases are so numerous that it will be almost impossible to do more than briefly allude to some of the most common forms met with by dental surgeons, every one of whom ought to have such a knowledge of the affections of the oral cavity that they might, with some degree of certainty, determine what the causes are, their pathology, diagnosis, and their treatment. Especially should we know the morbid growths which can occur, whether benign or malignant, so that we may early diagnose the case, and if we do not care to take such cases for treatment, to warn our patient to consult a surgeon. Unhappily, the question as to whether dentistry is a specialty of medicine still exists. Even such a man as Prof. Norman
IMPACT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME ON THE OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF TREATMENT: 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE MASS II STUDY
Authors: Eduardo Gomes Lima, Whady Hueb, Rosa Maria Rahmi Garcia, Ricardo DO Vieira, Cibele Larrosa Garzillo, Alexandre Costa Pereira, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Paulo Cury Rezende, Antonio Casella-Filho, Jose Ramires, Roberto Kalil-Filho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Special Experience and Service
Authors: A. W. R. Eardley
Journal: BMJ (1966)

polythene examination gloves.If wished, the thermometer could be wiped with spirit after removal of the sheath, but suitable trials might well prove this to be unnecessary.The cost of manufacture of such sheaths on a large scale should be very small, as I can make fifty in ten minutes by hand from a pennyworth of polythene.Perhaps, as the Ministry are prepared to supply disposable syringes in the cause of preventing crossinfection, they might be interested in these very much cheaper aids to the same cause.-I am, etc., London W.10. P. L. HOLMAN.SIR,-As a general practitioner I was in- terested to read the article by Drs.R. J. House and R. J. Henderson on the disinfect- ing of the clinical thermometer (11
Substrate competition in postischemic myocardium. Effect of substrate availability during reperfusion on metabolic and contractile recovery in isolated rat hearts.
Authors: C Tamm, R Benzi, I Papageorgiou, I Tardy, R Lerch
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Normal myocardium can derive energy for contraction and relaxation from oxidative metabolism of a variety of substrates. This investigation examined the influence of substrate availability early during reperfusion on the substrate pattern of oxidative metabolism and recovery of contractile function. For this purpose, isovolumically beating isolated rat hearts, perfused retrogradely with erythrocyte-supplemented buffer containing 0.4 mmol/L palmitate and 11 mmol/L glucose, were subjected to 40 minutes of no-flow ischemia. Hearts were reperfused with medium containing selected concentrations of palmitate and glucose. The substrate pattern for oxidative metabolism was determined on the basis of myocardial release of 14CO2 after equilibration of the hearts during the initial 15 minutes of reperfusion with either [1-14C]palmitate or [U-14C]glucose. In continuously perfused control hearts, glucose oxidation was largely inhibited by palmitate. During postischemic reperfusion, oxidation of glucose was increased by 59% (P &lt; .05) and 467% (P &lt;.01) in hearts reperfused after the ischemic period with 11 mmol/L glucose plus 0.4 or 1.2 mmol/L palmitate, respectively. Oxidation of palmitate was concomitantly reduced during reperfusion at low (0.4 mmol/L) but not at high (1.2 mmol/L) palmitate concentration. Compared with hearts reperfused with medium containing 0.4 mmol/L palmitate as sole substrate, hearts reperfused with medium containing 11 mmol/L glucose with 0.4 mmol/L palmitate exhibited lower left ventricular diastolic pressure (69 +/- 5 versus 90 +/- 3 mm Hg [mean +/- SEM], P &lt; .05), less release of creatine kinase (31 +/- 5 versus 59 +/- 7 U/g wet wt, P &lt; .05), and better recovery of left ventricular pressure development (26 +/- 9 versus 6 +/- 4 mm Hg, P &lt; .05). Omission of palmitate or increasing the palmitate concentration to 1.2 mmol/L did not significantly alter postischemic myocardial contracture and enzyme release. The findings support the view that glucose oxidation early during reperfusion may be crucial for functional recovery. The results further indicate that interaction of substrates of oxidative metabolism is altered in severely injured postischemic myocardium. Inhibition of glucose oxidation by fatty acids was partially reversed during reperfusion.
Famine and Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The future of rehabilitation
Authors: R. Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Healthcare delivery continues to focus on acute illness and the threat of death, but contact with healthcare systems is dominated by people with chronic conditions. In the United States they account for nearly 50% of those in contact with healthcare but nearly 80% of healthcare costs.1 Neurological damage accounts for about 40% of those people most severely disabled, who require daily help, and the majority of people with complex disabilities resulting from a combination of physical, cognitive, and behavioural impairments. 2 3 In the United Kingdom until recently the involvement of neurologists in these patients' rehabilitation, was not obviously encouraged. However, there are positive signs of change, and combined therapies and restorative neurology are likely to attract more neurologists to the challenges of rehabilitation.

In the past senior representatives of rehabilitation medicine apparently considered it possible for doctors with little or no previous neurological exposure to manage such patients after 12 months' training in neurological rehabilitation. Dual accreditation in rehabilitation medicine and neurology was effectively discouraged, as it took eight and a half years compared with four in …
A Horseshoe Kidney Detected Incidentally by Tc-99m DISIDA Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: SEOK TAE LIM, MYUNG-HEE SOHN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Horseshoe kidney is a common renal fusion anomaly that is usually asymptomatic in adults. A horseshoe kidney was detected incidentally on Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy performed to evaluate acute cholecystitis. The diagnosis was first suggested on hepatobiliary scintigraphy and confirmed by computed tomography.
Genetic Diversity in Hemoglobins
Authors: Robert B. Scott, Robert P. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Recent mass screening programs for sickle cell trait have been the first large-scale efforts to detect potentially deleterious genes and to provide genetic counseling to healthy carriers. In these programs, the expected prevalence of sickle hemoglobin and hemoglobin C has been found, and other mutant hemoglobin genes have also been uncovered. Many of these are not associated with disease, but simply reflect normal genetic diversity. A paradox of this finding is illustrated when, in counseling, many persons demonstrate difficulty in understanding that though they have an abnormal hemoglobin gene, they themselves are not ill or abnormal. The problem's solution lies in educating both health professionals and the public so that the normal existence of considerable genetic diversity is recognized. Since every person may carry mutant genes, whether potentially deleterious or innocuous, our definition of normal must be revised.
Keratinocyte expression of OKM5 antigen in inflammatory cutaneous disease
Authors: J.N.W.N. BARKER, A.C. MARKEY, M.H. ALLEN, D.M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Keratinocyte expression of the monocyte/macrophage surface antigens defined by OKM1 and OKM5 antibodies (Ortho Diagnostics) was examined using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. A range of inflammatory cutaneous disorders were investigated, including lichen planus, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Positive suprabasal keratinocyte expression of OKM5 antigen was observed in all disorders, while keratinocyte staining with OKMI antibody was consistently negative. These results provide further evidence that keratinocytes may play an important role in cutaneous immune responses. Furthermore, they are consistent with the recent observation that HLA-DR positive keratinocytes may modulate cutaneous immunological reactions by inducing T-cell unresponsiveness.
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF ANTITOXIN HORSES. A STUDY OF THE RECORDS OF ONE HUNDRED HORSES IMMUNIZED TO DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, WITH COMPOSITE OF CURVES
Authors: William R. Hubbert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1905)

1. Better results in the production of diphtheria antitoxin can be obtained with greater experience in the selection of the most suitable type of horses to be used. Young animals are usually to be preferred. Over one-half of all such horses can be made to yield 300-unit serum, while a third will yield (5)oo-unit serum. 2. High-test horses require a shorter time to immunize and will yield a potent serum for a longer period than will low-test horses. 3. The period of usefulness of an antitoxin horse is short, and on an average endures only a few months. 4. A horse having attained a maximal antitoxic height begins to suffer a decline in antitoxin, which is usually as rapid as the ascent has been, and is unaffected by subsequent injections of diphtheria toxin.
Representation of American Blacks in Clinical Trials of New Drugs
Authors: Craig K. Svensson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Investigations that have revealed racial differences in drug response and disposition indicate the need for adequate representation of racial minorities in clinical drug trials. There is concern, however, that there may be a disproportionate use of racial and ethnic minorities in clinical research due to the inner city location of most university hospitals. To examine this issue, we reviewed the representation of American blacks in 50 recently published clinical trials of new drugs. This survey revealed that investigators do not seem to adequately take into account racial differences as a potential source of variability. It also was found that in the majority of studies, the proportion of black subjects is less than their proportion in the general population. This underrepresentation in clinical trials suggests that insufficient data exist to accurately assess the safety and efficacy of many new drugs in American blacks.The representation of American blacks in 50 recently published clinical trials of new drugs was reviewed for indications of a disproportionate use of racial and ethnic minorities in clinical research related to the inner city location of most university hospitals. The survey reveals that most investigators do not seem adequately to take into account racial differences as a potential source of variability in drug response and disposition. In the majority of studies, the proportion of black subjects is less than their proportion in the general population, suggesting that insufficient data exist to accurately assess the safety and efficacy of many new drugs in American blacks.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Demonstration of Thymoma Followed by Development of Lung Cancer
Authors: Jae Jeong Choi, Myeong Im Ahn, Michael Yong Park, Jae Soo Jeon, Young Ha Park
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

It is well-known that thymoma can be associated with diverse extrathymic malignancies. The authors present a case of a 72-year-old man with myasthenia gravis in which F-18 FDG PET/CT demonstrated high FDG uptake in both an anterior mediastinal mass and a lung nodule. The FDG uptake in the lung nodule was significantly higher than that of the thymic lesion, which might suggest the possibility of a second development of lung cancer in this thymoma patient. Surgical resection was done for the 2 tumors, and histologic examination revealed anterior mediastinal thymoma and primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. This case demonstrates the potential usefulness of PET/CT in detecting and assessing the second extrathymic malignancy in a patient with thymoma.
Energetics of acute pressure overload of the porcine right ventricle. In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
Authors: G G Schwartz, S Steinman, J Garcia, C Greyson, B Massie, M W Weiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the right ventricular (RV) free wall was employed to determine (a) whether phosphorus energy metabolites vary reciprocally with workload in the RV and (b) the mechanisms that limit RV contractile function in acute pressure overload. In 20 open-chest pigs, phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP ratio (an index of energy metabolism inversely related to free ADP concentration), myocardial blood flow (microspheres), and segment shortening (sonomicrometry, n = 14) were measured at control (RV systolic pressure 31 +/- 1 mm Hg), and with pulmonary artery constriction to produce moderate pressure overload (RV systolic pressure 45 +/- 1 mm Hg), and maximal pressure overload before overt RV failure and systemic hypotension (RV systolic pressure 60 +/- 1 mm Hg). With moderate pressure overload, PCr/ATP declined to 89% of control (P = 0.01), while contractile function increased. Adenosine (n = 10, mean dose 0.16 mg/kg-min) increased RV blood flow by an additional 41% without increasing PCr/ATP, indicating that coronary reserve was not depleted and that the decrease in PCr/ATP from control was not due to ischemia. With maximal pressure overload and incipient RV failure, PCr/ATP fell further to 81% of control and RV blood flow did not increase further, even with adenosine. Thus: (a) The decline in PCr/ATP with moderate RV pressure overload, without evident ischemia or contractile dysfunction, supports the positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation by ATP hydrolysis products. (b) Depletion of RV coronary flow reserve accompanies the onset of RV failure at maximal pressure overload.
Increased Sodium-Lithium Countertransport in Erythrocytes of Pregnant Women
Authors: Richard J. Worley, Wayne M. Hentschel, Cynthia Cormier, Suzanne Nutting, Gene Pead, Kristine Zelenkov, Jean B. Smith, K. Owen Ash, Roger R. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

TWO groups of investigators1 , 2 have shown that erythrocyte sodium–lithium countertransport is higher in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive subjects. These observations prompted us to investigate sodium–lithium countertransport in normal and hypertensive pregnant women to ascertain whether the relation between cation flux in these two groups of subjects was similar to the observed difference between normal and hypertensive nonpregnant women. We reasoned that if countertransport in women with ppregnancy-induced hypertension differed from that in normal pregnant women, prospective measurement of cation flux during pregnancy might lead to a useful technique of identifying incipient ppregnancy-induced hypertension. Differences in counter-transport between . . .
Gradual Reduction vs Abrupt Cessation as a Smoking Cessation Strategy in Smokers Who Want to Quit
Authors: Nicola Lindson-Hawley, Paul Aveyard, John R. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Is gradual smoking cessation associated with poorer success rates than abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit?Gradual reduction may not be associated with a clinically significant difference in smoking cessation rates compared with abrupt cessation.
Book Review John Gregory and the Invention of Professional Medical Ethics and the Profession of Medicine (Philosophy and Medicine. Vol. 56.) By Laurence B. McCullough. 347 pp. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 1998. $140. 0-7923-4917-2 John Gregory's Writings on Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine (Philosophy and Medicine. Vol. 57.) Edited by Laurence B. McCullough. 254 pp. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 1998. $105. 0-7923-5000-6
Authors: Albert R. Jonsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
RELATION OF THE BLOOD UREA TO DIABETIC COMA AND TO THE DURATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: C. E. Brunton
Journal: BMJ (1924)

EchJo r . .6vCystotomy was neither difficult, if performed within two to three weeks, when the average patient was quiet, or dangerous if aqueous was not lost, thus preventing the prolapse of vitreous into the anterior chamuber.A simple extraction, or one with peripheral iridotomy, *was to his mind the ideal operation.By causing adhesion of the anterior and posterior parts of the lens capsule it prevented capsule in the wound, and, even if iris prolapse occurred !twenty-four hours afterwards, and this adhesion had taken place, this, the most serious complication of the operation, was avoided.
Creating a medical school for Malawi: problems and achievements
Authors: R. L Broadhead
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A decade after developing a medical school from scratch and devising a curriculum appropriate to local conditions, Robert Broadhead, a founder member of staff and the present principal, and his colleague Adamson Muula describe how the problems have been successfully surmounted in Malawi

In a poor country, developing a medical school is a major undertaking. Malawi, with no medical school of its own, depended on expatriate doctors, missionaries, and the uncertain return of its own nationals perforce sent abroad to qualify. The cost of not having a school had to be balanced against that of investing in setting one up. We describe how Malawi founded its own medical school with the help of donors and sponsors, especially the United Kingdom.

Before Malawi—formerly Nyasaland—was created in 1963, its medical students had mainly been going to the well established medical schools in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). After 1963 this became more difficult, and many students were sent to Britain with British sponsorship. Sending young students abroad immediately after their secondary education and in their formative years risks their not coming back when they qualify. This proved to be the case. By the 1980s, the joke—ironically true—was that there were more Malawian doctors practising in Manchester than in the whole of Malawi.

To solve this problem, the Malawi government, after some hesitation, decided to build its own medical school and looked to British institutions for help. After a series of three separate commissions to outline the feasibility and manner of development, the government committed itself to establishment of a medical school. 1 2 In 1986 a tripartite commission (so called because the British, (West) German, and Malawian governments agreed to co-sponsor the project) mapped out the future development of a college of medicine.3

The commission recommended that …
Cushing’s syndrome caused by an ectopic pituitary adenoma of the sphenoid sinus: Adrenal crisis after partial resections of the adenoma
Authors: Hiroyuki Morita, Keigo Yasuda, Kazuya Nkashima, Nobuyasu Noritake, Masanori Murayama, Kuniyasu Shimokawa, Noriyoshi Yamakita, Toshiaki Sano, Nobuaki Sasano, Kiyoshi Miura
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1994)
New deal from the World Trade Organisation
Authors: A. M Pollock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

May not provide essential medicines for poor countries 

On 30 August 2003 the World Trade Organisation (WTO) announced that it had resolved the issue of giving poor countries “access to essential medicines” without breaching its own law on intellectual property. The WTO's 1994 agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property, TRIPS, makes 20 year patent protection mandatory, allowing drug companies to charge monopoly prices for essential medicines. TRIPS has built-in measures that allow countries to over-ride patent protection for public health purposes but since 2001, WTO members have been trying to reach agreement about what this flexibility means in practice. Argument has centred on the question of “compulsory licensing,” which allows countries to over-ride patents and manufacture cheaper generic versions, and the extent to which producers of generic drugs can export to poor countries that have insufficient manufacturing capacity, without the risk of trade courts imposing trade sanctions.

A WTO declaration in 2001 stated the organisation's intention of finding an interpretation that squared the interest of pharmaceutical industries and developing countries.1 Last week's announcement sets out the terms on …