tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sports medicine ultrasound (US) beyond the musculoskeletal system: use in the abdomen, solid organs, lung, heart and eye
Authors: David J Berkoff, Joy English, Daniel Theodoro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

The use of point-of-care ultrasound (US) by non-radiologists is not new and the expansion into sports medicine practice is relatively young. US has been used extensively to evaluate the musculoskeletal system including the diagnosis of muscle, tendon and bone injuries. However, as sports medicine practitioners we are responsible for the care of the entire athlete. There are many other non-musculoskeletal applications of US in the evaluation and treatment of the athlete. This paper highlights the use of US in the athlete to diagnose pulmonary, cardiac, solid organ, intra-abdominal and eye injuries.
S100A4 is upregulated in injured myocardium and promotes growth and survival of cardiac myocytes
Authors: M SCHNEIDER, S KOSTIN, C STROM, M APLIN, S LYNGBAK, J THEILADE, M GRIGORIAN, C ANDERSEN, E LUKANIDIN, J LERCHEHANSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein S100A4 (also known as Mts1 and Fsp1) is involved in fibrosis and tissue remodeling in several diseases including cancer, kidney fibrosis, central nervous system injury, and pulmonary vascular disease. We previously reported that S100A4 mRNA expression was increased in hypertrophic rat hearts and that it has pro-cardiomyogenic effects in embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies. We therefore hypothesized that S100A4 could play a supportive role in the injured heart.Here we verify by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting that S100A4 mRNA and protein is upregulated in hypertrophic rat and human hearts and show by way of confocal microscopy that S100A4 protein, but not mRNA, appears in cardiac myocytes only in the border zone after an acute ischemic event in rat and human hearts. In normal rat and human hearts, S100A4 expression primarily colocalizes with markers of fibroblasts. In hypertrophy elicited by aortic banding/stenosis or myocardial infarction, this expression is increased. Moreover, invading macrophages and leucocytes stain strongly for S100A4, further increasing cardiac levels of S100A4 protein after injury. Promisingly, recombinant S100A4 protein elicited a robust hypertrophic response and increased the number of viable cells in cardiac myocyte cultures by inhibiting apoptosis. We also found that ERK1/2 activation was necessary for both the hypertrophy and survival effects of S100A4 in vitro.Along with proposed angiogenic and cell motility stimulating effects of S100A4, these findings suggest that S100A4 can act as a novel cardiac growth and survival factor and may have regenerative effects in injured myocardium.
Medicine in the People's Republic of China
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In the Dec 6, 1971, issue ofThe Journal(218:1552-1563), I reported to the profession about medical practice and medical education in the People's Republic of China as I observed it in September 1971. In September 1972 I was again in China as a guest of the Chinese Medical Association. The purpose of this note is to record and update the information. In this present trip I especially asked about the new medical education three-year program, the progress in basic science analysis of acupuncture, and for examples of the successful use of Chinese herbs in organic disease states. Again, as I identified in my previous report, my only claim to usefulness in this role is one of objectivity. I have no ax to grind. Time will verify the accuracy or inaccuracy; my intent is to state clearly my own professional observation and urge my colleagues to be receptive to ideas
Low Extraversion and High Neuroticism as Indices of Genetic and Environmental Risk for Social Phobia, Agoraphobia, and Animal Phobia
Authors: O. Joseph Bienvenu, John M. Hettema, Michael C. Neale, Carol A. Prescott, Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: The authors examined the extent to which two major personality dimensions (extraversion and neuroticism) index the genetic and environmental risk for three phobias (social phobia, agoraphobia, and animal phobia) in twins ascertained from a large, population-based registry. Method: Lifetime phobias and personality traits were assessed through diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaire, respectively, in 7,800 twins from female-female, male-male, and opposite-sex pairs. Sex-limited trivariate Cholesky structural equation models were used to decompose the correlations among extraversion, neuroticism, and each phobia. Results: In the best-fitting models, genetic correlations were moderate and negative between extraversion and both social phobia and agoraphobia, and that between extraversion and animal phobia was effectively zero. Genetic correlations were high and positive between neuroticism and both social phobia and agoraphobia, and that between neuroticism and animal phobia was moderate. All of the genetic risk factors for social phobia and agoraphobia were shared with those that influence extraversion and neuroticism; in contrast, only a small proportion of the genetic risk factors for animal phobia (16%) was shared with those that influence personality. Shared environmental experiences were not a source of correlations between personality traits and phobias, and unique environmental correlations were relatively modest. Conclusion: Genetic factors that influence individual variation in extraversion and neuroticism appear to account entirely for the genetic liability to social phobia and agoraphobia, but not animal phobia. These findings underline the importance of both introversion (low extraversion) and neuroticism in some psychiatric disorders.
EULAR and its journal
Authors: L B A VAN DE PUTTE
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

The June 2001 Congress in Prague is the second annual Congress of the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR), following the first successful congress in Nice last year. This is also the second year with the Annals as the official EULAR journal. It therefore seems appropriate at this moment to give some information to the readership about the performance of the journal during its first year as the EULAR …
Plasminogen activator in bile during extracorporeal perfusion of pig liver
Authors: A. Jedrychowski, S. P. Parbhoo, P. Hillenbrand
Journal: Gut (1972)

Plasminogen activator activity was studied in bile and perfusate during extracorporeal pig liver perfusion. Plasminogen activator activity in bile was up to 58 times greater than in perfusate. A high level of plasminogen activator activity in bile was also found after the addition of urokinase to the perfusate. These results suggest that bile is the main route of active excretion of plasminogen activator and urokinase from the liver in experimental liver perfusion.
Low Incidence of Persistent Tardive Dyskinesia in Elderly Patients With Dementia Treated With Risperidone
Authors: Dilip V. Jeste, Akiko Okamoto, Judy Napolitano, John M. Kane, Rick A. Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors studied the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in elderly institutionalized patients with dementia being treated with risperidone.METHOD: After participating in a 12-week multicenter double-blind study during which they received placebo or one of three doses of risperidone, 330 patients (mean age=82.5 years) with Alzheimer's, vascular, or mixed dementia were enrolled in a 1-year open-label study during which they received flexible doses of risperidone. Persistent emergent tardive dyskinesia was defined according to scores on the dyskinesia subscale of the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale.RESULTS: The mean modal risperidone dose was 0.96 mg/day (SD=0.53), and the median length of risperidone use was 273 days. The 1-year cumulative incidence of persistent emergent tardive dyskinesia among the 255 patients without dyskinesia at baseline was 2.6%. Patients with dyskinetic symptoms at baseline experienced significant reductions in the severity of dyskinesia. Patients who received 0.75–1.5 mg/day of risperidone showed a significant improvement in psychopathologic symptoms over the 1-year period.CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no control group, the observed incidence of persistent tardive dyskinesia with risperidone seemed to be much lower than that seen in elderly patients treated with conventional neuroleptics. The average optimal dose of risperidone in elderly dementia patients was found to be 0.75–1.5 mg/day.
Novel Fc gamma receptor I family gene products in human mononuclear cells.
Authors: A J Porges, P B Redecha, R Doebele, L C Pan, J E Salmon, R P Kimberly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Unlike the human Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII families, which exhibit considerable diversity at both the nucleic acid and protein levels, the human Fc gamma RI family has only a single recognized product expressed as a 70-kD cell surface receptor with high affinity for monomeric IgG (hFc gamma RIa1). Using both polymerase chain reaction-based amplification and Northern hybridization, we document multiple interferon-gamma-inducible hFc gamma RI RNA transcripts in human mononuclear cells and neutrophils. The sequences of two of these Fc gamma RI related transcripts indicate that they are alternatively spliced products of a second Fc gamma RI family gene, termed Fc gamma RIB. The cDNA derived from the larger of these transcripts, termed hFc gamma RIb1, encodes a surface molecule that is not recognized by Fc gamma RI specific monoclonal antibodies when transfected into COS-7 cells. Unlike the interferon-gamma-inducible hFc gamma RIA gene product, hFc gamma RIb1 does not bind monomeric IgG with high affinity. However, both hFc gamma RIa1 and hFc gamma RIb1 do bind aggregated human IgG. Previously unrecognized diversity within the hFc gamma RI family includes an interferon-gamma-inducible, putative low affinity Fc gamma receptor that may play an important role in the mechanism by which Fc gamma receptors participate in the humoral immune response.
Enhanced Inflammatory Response to Coronary Angioplasty in Patients With Severe Unstable Angina
Authors: Giovanna Liuzzo, Antonino Buffon, Luigi M. Biasucci, J. Ruth Gallimore, Giuseppina Caligiuri, Alessandra Vitelli, Sergio Altamura, Gennaro Ciliberto, Antonio G. Rebuzzi, Filippo Crea, Mark B. Pepys, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Systemic markers of inflammation have been found in unstable angina. Disruption of culprit coronary stenoses may cause a greater inflammatory response in patients with unstable than those with stable angina. We assessed the time course of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after single-vessel PTCA in 30 patients with stable and 56 patients with unstable angina (protocol A). We also studied 12 patients with stable and 15 with unstable angina after diagnostic coronary angiography (protocol B). Methods and Results —Peripheral blood samples were taken before and 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after PTCA or angiography. In protocol A, baseline CRP, SAA, and IL-6 levels were normal in 87% of stable and 29% of unstable patients. After PTCA, CRP, SAA, and IL-6 did not change in stable patients and unstable patients with normal baseline levels but increased in unstable patients with raised baseline levels (all P &lt;0.001). In protocol B, CRP, SAA, and IL-6 did not change in stable angina patients after angiography but increased in unstable angina patients (all P &lt;0.05). Baseline CRP and SAA levels correlated with their peak values after PTCA and angiography (all P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —Our data suggest that plaque rupture per se is not the main cause of the acute-phase protein increase in unstable angina and that increased baseline levels of acute-phase proteins are a marker of the hyperresponsiveness of the inflammatory system even to small stimuli. Thus, an enhanced inflammatory response to nonspecific stimuli may be involved in the pathogenesis of unstable angina.
Sodium Gradient, Smooth Muscle Tone, and Blood Pressure Regulation
Authors: SYDNEY M. FRIEDMAN, JAMES D. JAMIESON, CONSTANCE L. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Rat colon strips respond to an acute reduction of sodium concentration in the medium (Na o ) by an immediate increase in tension, followed by relaxation to the basal tension as the tissue equilibrates. Following equilibration in low Na o the responsiveness to drug-induced contraction is increased, while in high Na o it is decreased. A contraction cycle, variously induced, can be aborted by the acute addition of sodium to the medium. The applicability of these findings to vascular smooth muscle in the whole animal can be demonstrated by appropriate acute sodium infusions. The effects in all cases can be referred to sodium, although modified by the anionic component of the salts used. The results are considered to support the view that smooth muscle tension is governed in part by the concentration gradient Na o /Na i and the theoretic implication of this for chronic hypertensive and hypotensive states is developed.
Genetically tagging endothelial cells in vivo: bone marrow-derived cells do not contribute to tumor endothelium
Authors: Joachim R. Göthert, Sonja E. Gustin, J. Anke M. van Eekelen, Uli Schmidt, Mark A. Hall, Stephen M. Jane, Anthony R. Green, Berthold Göttgens, David J. Izon, C. Glenn Begley
Journal: Blood (2004)
Dietary Iron Supplements And Iron Cooking Utensils
Authors: Melvin A. Benarde
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> C. E. Butterworth's EDITORIAL, "Iron 'Undercontamination'?" (220:581, 1972), followed hard on the heels of a special issue of<i>Nutrition Today</i>(March/April, 1972) devoted entirely to the iron enrichment controversy. A number of points touched on by Dr. Butterworth were explored in detail in that special issue. Two points, however, may be of substantial interest to your readers. Herbert L. Hartley, MD, a consulting editor for<i>Nutrition Today</i>, addressed himself to the matter of public opinion, or more specifically, professional opinion in his article, "Vox Populi." The attitude of physicians and other professionals with respect to iron enrichment, was summed up in the form of a "box-score" of letters sent to the editor of<i>Northwest Medicine</i>, the official journal of the Oregon, Washington, and Idaho medical societies. Of 122 letters received, 116 physicians were against the proposition of additional iron supplementation of flour. Six were for the enrichment
Modulation of Cardiac Na <sup>+</sup> Current Phenotype by β <sub>1</sub> -Subunit Expression
Authors: Sabina Kupershmidt, Tao Yang, Dan M. Roden
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Na+ current (INa) is smaller, activates and inactivates more slowly, and displays less negative voltage dependence of inactivation in the neonatal rat than in the adult rat. We have observed very similar changes when INa is recorded as a function of time in culture in mouse atrial tumor (AT-1) cells. The differences between mature and immature INa are reminiscent of those observed when skeletal muscle Na+ channel alpha subunits are expressed alone (immature) or with the beta1 subunit (mature). In the present experiments, we tested the hypothesis that suppression of beta1-subunit expression by antisense oligonucleotides would prevent the development of a mature INa. The mouse beta1 subunit was cloned from an AT-1 cDNA library and found to be identical to that in the rat at 216/218 amino acids. AT-1 cells exposed to anti-beta1 antisense oligonucleotides displayed an immature INa at day 8 in culture, whereas untreated cells or cells exposed to sense oligonucleotides displayed a mature INa. This result was observed with 2 different oligonucleotides, and neither affected the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifier K+ current, another current recorded in AT-1 cells. These findings indicate that in these cells, the gating of INa is modulated by beta1 expression and that alpha-beta1 coexpression is required for the development of a mature cardiac INa phenotype.
Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in the Treatment of First Hematological Relapse After Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Risk Factors Analysis and Comparison With Other Strategies by the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party
Authors: Christoph Schmid, Myriam Labopin, Arnon Nagler, Martin Bornhäuser, Jürgen Finke, Athanasios Fassas, Liisa Volin, Günham Gürman, Johan Maertens, Pierre Bordigoni, Ernst Holler, Gerhard Ehninger, Emmanuelle Polge, Norbert-Claude Gorin, Hans-Jochem Kolb, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

To evaluate the role of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in the treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).We retrospectively analyzed the data of 399 patients with AML in first hematological relapse after HSCT whose treatment did (n = 171) or did not (n = 228) include DLI. After correction for imbalances and established risk factors, the two groups were compared with respect to overall survival. Further, a detailed analysis of risk factors for survival among DLI recipients was performed.Median follow-up was 27 and 40 months, respectively. Estimated survival at 2 years (+/- standard deviation) was 21% +/- 3% for patients receiving DLI and 9% +/- 2% for patients not receiving DLI. After adjustment for differences between the groups, better outcome was associated with age younger than 37 years (P = .008), relapse occurring more than 5 months after HSCT (P < .0001), and use of DLI (P = .04). Among DLI recipients, a lower tumor burden at relapse (< 35% of bone marrow blasts; P = .006), female sex (P = .02), favorable cytogenetics (P = .004), and remission at time of DLI (P < .0001) were predictive for survival in a multivariate analysis. Two-year survival was 56% +/- 10%, if DLI was performed in remission or with favorable karyotype, and 15% +/- 3% if DLI was given in aplasia or with active disease.Although further evidence for a graft-versus-leukemia effect by DLI is provided, our results confirm, that the clinical benefit is limited to a minority of patients. Strategies to reduce tumor burden before DLI, as well as alternative treatment options should be investigated in adults with relapsed AML after HSCT.
Network Analysis in the Investigation of Chronic Respiratory Diseases. From Basics to Application
Authors: Diego Diez, Alvar Agustí, Craig E. Wheelock
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Chronic respiratory diseases are complex multifactorial disorders whose pathogenesis depends on the interplay between host and environmental factors. To fully understand them and to identify novel treatments, a holistic approach that integrates multiple types and levels of clinical and biological data is necessary. Toward this end, the application of systems biology-based strategies, in particular, network analysis, offers great potential. These systems-based approaches rely heavily on computational methods that can be challenging for the nonspecialist. Accordingly, this Pulmonary Perspective: (1) outlines the basic concepts of networks in biology and the fundamentals of network analysis, and (2) discusses recent applications of network analysis to understand respiratory diseases. The intent of this Perspective is to provide readers with increased understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of network analysis methods as well as their usefulness in addressing research questions involving chronic respiratory diseases.
MMP9 Limits Apoptosis and Stimulates Branching Morphogenesis During Kidney Development
Authors: Catherine Arnould, Martine Lelièvre-Pégorier, Pierre Ronco, Brigitte Lelongt
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

What is the CEO9s role in an entrepreneurial venture? Should it be that of a hands-on player/coach, or the corporate model of a Jack Welch? Either approach can be fatal. Drawing on the perspective of venture capitalists, this article solidly supports the theme of the entrepreneur/CEO as a coach/player—focusing on coaching activities while still being involved in some player roles. Three coaching roles are identified as critical to success in high-growth ventures: driving the strategic direction of the company, developing and motivating the organization, and managing the board of directors. Pitfalls of the "player-first" and "coach-only" traps are discussed. <b>TOPICS:</b>Private equity, manager selection, quantitative methods
Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss
Authors: N A King, K Horner, A P Hills, N M Byrne, R E Wood, E Bryant, P Caudwell, G Finlayson, C Gibbons, M Hopkins, C Martins, J E Blundell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Does exercise promote weight loss? One of the key problems with studies assessing the efficacy of exercise as a method of weight management and obesityis that mean data are presented and the individual variability in response is overlooked. Recent data have highlighted the need to demonstrate and characterise the individual variability in response to exercise. Do people who exercise compensate for the increase in energy expenditure via compensatory increases in hunger and food intake? The authors address the physiological, psychological and behavioural factors potentially involved in the relationship between exercise and appetite, and identify the research questions that remain unanswered. A negative consequence of the phenomena of individual variability and compensatory responses has been the focus on those who lose little weight in response to exercise; this has been used unreasonably as evidence to suggest that exercise is a futile method of controlling weight and managing obesity. Most of the evidence suggests that exercise is useful for improving body composition and health. For example, when exercise-induced mean weight loss is &lt;1.0 kg, significant improvements in aerobic capacity (+6.3 ml/kg/min), systolic (−6.00 mm Hg) and diastolic (−3.9 mm Hg) blood pressure, waist circumference (−3.7 cm) and positive mood still occur. However, people will vary in their responses to exercise; understanding and characterising this variability will help tailor weight loss strategies to suit individuals.