tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Hernia Cerebri.
Authors: F. W. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Coronado, Cal., July 6, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Moved by a very interesting and instructive paper, recently published in theJournal, on brain surgery, in which Volkmann's treatment of fungus cerebri by the curette is mentioned, I wish to report a case successfully treated, in my first year of practice, by a different process. In July, 1838, my father (University of Pennsylvania, 1809) was called several miles in the country to a child about 3 years old, who had been kicked by a horse, and I went with him. We found a tumor over the left parietal, the child in deep stupor, and other indications of compression. The knife was given to me and I made a crucial incision, brain and clots of arterial blood following the knife. The dura was much torn and was trimmed after eleven pieces of bone were removed. Fearing erysipelas few sutures were used and
ON SOME RECENT RESEARCHES ON THE NATURE AND FORMATION OF PIGMENT
Authors: ARTHUR WHITFIELD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1918)

Journal Article ON SOME RECENT RESEARCHES ON THE NATURE AND FORMATION OF PIGMENT Get access ARTHUR WHITFIELD, M.D. ARTHUR WHITFIELD, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 30, Issue 1, 1 January 1918, Pages 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1918.tb12367.x Published: 01 January 1918
Underdiagnosis of Clostridium difficile across Europe: the European, multicentre, prospective, biannual, point-prevalence study of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalised patients with diarrhoea (EUCLID)
Authors: Kerrie A Davies, Christopher M Longshaw, Georgina L Davis, Emilio Bouza, Frédéric Barbut, Zsuzsanna Barna, Michel Delmée, Fidelma Fitzpatrick, Kate Ivanova, Ed Kuijper, Ioana S Macovei, Silja Mentula, Paola Mastrantonio, Lutz von Müller, Mónica Oleastro, Efthymia Petinaki, Hanna Pituch, Torbjörn Norén, Elena Nováková, Otakar Nyč, Maja Rupnik, Daniela Schmid, Mark H Wilcox
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Abstract 599: Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor stability by peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1
Authors: Hyeong-jun Han, Bu Young Choi, Min-A Choi, Young-il Hahn, Ji-Hyeon Park, Young-Joon Surh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pin1 is an isomerase that binds to phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs and regulates a subset of phosphoproteins through isomerization of the phosphorylated bonds. Pin1 has been reported to play an important role in differentiation, cell proliferation and immune responses. Interestingly, Pin1 is overexpressed in many types of cancer tissues including breast, prostate, lung and colon. However, molecular mechanism underlying its oncogenic functions has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that Pin1 directly or indirectly interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -1α and -2α in HCT116 cells. Pin1 can bind both HIF-1α and -2α in vitro. We also found that Pin1 interacted more strongly with HIF-2α than with HIF-1α at the endogenous level. Pin1 binding may cause stabilization of HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein, given that their levels were significantly increased under hypoxic condition. Pin1 knockdown decreased the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA under hypoxic conditions. On the other hand, overexpression of Pin1 resulted in an increase in HIF-1α protein levels in hypoxic cells, and enhanced hypoxia-induced VEGF transcriptional activation. These results suggest that Pin1 interplays with HIF-1α and -2α, and is a potential chemopreventive and therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 599. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-599
Rate of over-diagnosis of breast cancer 15 years after end of Malmö mammographic screening trial: follow-up study
Authors: Sophia Zackrisson, Ingvar Andersson, Lars Janzon, Jonas Manjer, Jens Peter Garne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the rate of over-diagnosis of breast cancer 15 years after the end of the Malmö mammographic screening trial. <b>Design</b> Follow-up study. <b>Setting</b> Malmö, Sweden. <b>Subjects</b> 42 283 women aged 45-69 years at randomisation. <b>Interventions</b> Screening for breast cancer with mammography or not (controls). Screening was offered at the end of the randomisation design to both groups aged 45-54 at randomisation but not to groups aged 55-69 at randomisation. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Rate of over-diagnosis of breast cancer (in situ and invasive), calculated as incidence in the invited and control groups, during period of randomised design (period 1), during period after randomised design ended (period 2), and at end of follow-up. <b>Results</b> In women aged 55-69 years at randomisation the relative rates of over-diagnosis of breast cancer (95% confidence intervals) were 1.32 (1.14 to 1.53) for period 1, 0.92 (0.79 to 1.06) for period 2, and 1.10 (0.99 to 1.22) at the end of follow-up. <b>Conclusion</b> Conclusions on over-diagnosis of breast cancer in the Malmö mammographic screening trial can be drawn mainly for women aged 55-69 years at randomisation whose control groups were never screened. Fifteen years after the trial ended the rate of over-diagnosis of breast cancer was 10% in this age group.
Addenbrooke's Hospital. ON PERFORATION OF THE LOWER PART OF THE OESOPHAGUS
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1855)

CAsE I.A strong man, aged 47, was in Addenbrooke's Hospital, under Dr. Paget and myself, in March 1853, suffering under tetanus, which resulted from a slight wound of the cheek, and was attended with paralysis of the injured side of the face, together with severe spasmodic closure of the lips and jaw excited by the contact of any substance, solid o. fluid, with the lips, tongue, or mouth.So easily induced, and so urgent was this spasm, as to render it quite impossible for him to take any food or medicine.He be- came very feeble, and, the case being rather protracted, it was determined to endeavour to administer some beef-tea, by means of the stomach-pump, when he was under the in- fluence of chloroform.Accordingly, on the 12th he was placed in a chair; and when he was sufficiently narcotised to enable us to separate the jaw, I introduced a tube of the ordinary size into the stomach with ease.A slight resistance to the instrument was felt at the upper part of the csophagus, but none whatever lower down.Two pints and a half of beef-tea were injected, and the tube gently withdrawn.Some benefit being observed from this, the operation was repeated on the morning of the 13th, in the same manner, and with the same facility; scarcely any force being used to propel the tube after it had entered the nsophagus.The same quantity of beef-tea was given, and the tube withdrawn immediately.After this the spasms continued unabated, the weakness increased, the pulse became more rapid, and the patient died on the mornmg of the 14th.Twenty-four hours after death, the nervous centres showed no appreciable marks of disease.The stomach was thin, rather soft and vascular, and contained a little brownish mucus.There was a good deal of chyle in the small intestines.The mucous membrane of the fauces, pharynx, and upper part of the esophagus, was rather vascular, in places slightly excoriated; and there were two small superficial ulcers at the back of the arytenoid car- t"ages.The most remarkable appearance, however, was at * In another case of tetnus since exsamined, we found the corresponding pet of the nophagps dikted, and of roaher derk colour; the dd tion, which was about two inches in length, being separad fom the Smaeh by a well-marked constriction, and above tapering gradully ito the ordinay contted dimenioa oftie bes.n a thud e t _ Fmd.nanreIaaaL
Endothelin's biphasic effect on fluid absorption in the proximal straight tubule and its inhibitory cascade.
Authors: N H Garcia, J L Garvin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the proximal tubule remains unclear. This may be due to a biphasic effect on transport in this segment. We hypothesized that ET-1 has a biphasic effect on fluid absorption (Jv) in the proximal straight tubule and that its inhibitory effect is superimposed on its stimulatory effect. ET-1 (10(-13) M) stimulated Jv from 0.68 +/- 0.07 to 1.11 +/- 0.20 nl/mm/min, a 60% increase (P < 0.04). 10(-12) and 10(-10) M ET-1 had no significant effect. 10(-9) M ET-1 reduced Jv from 0.81 +/- 0.19 to 0.44 +/- 0.15 nl/mm/min (P < 0.009). Staurosporine (STP, 10(-8) M) prevented both 10(-9) and 10(-13) M ET-1 from altering Jv significantly indicating that protein kinase C (PKC) is involved. Indomethacin (10(-5) M) blocked the inhibition produced by 10(-9) M ET-1. ETI (10(-6) M), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, also blocked ET-1 inhibition of Jv. Interestingly ET-1 (10(-9) M) stimulated Jv in the presence of both indomethacin and ETI. When 10(-9) M ET-1 was added in the presence of 10(-5) M quinacrine, a phospholipase (PL) inhibitor, Jv also increased from 1.02 +/- 0.20 to 1.23 +/- 0.22 nl/mm/min (P < 0.03). STP blocked this increase. We conclude that (a) 10(-13) M ET-1 stimulates fluid absorption by activating PKC; (b) 10(-9) M ET-1 decreases Jv by PKC-, PL-, cyclooxygenase-, and lipoxygenase-dependent mechanisms; and (c) the inhibitory effect of ET-1 on Jv is superimposed on the stimulatory effect.
Acute Enteritis with Temporary Intestinal Malabsorption
Authors: M. J. King, R. A. Joske
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Increased clinical interest and improved methods of study have demonstrated in recent years that defects in alimentary absorption may occur in patients who do not present the clinical picture of advanced alimentary insufficiency represented by the sprue syndrome.It has also been shown that these defects may be found to a greater or less degree in a variety of diseases, which include biliary obstruction, pancreatic insufficiency, abdominal reticuloses, mesenteric vascular disease, and enteropathies such as regional enteritis and coeliac disease.It would seem reasonable that impairment of small-bowel function might occur in association with acute gastro-enteritis, but this has not been fully discharge from hospital was delayed for social reasons until January 12,, 1959, at which time his weight was 146 lb.(66.2 kg.).He has since been seen periodically in the out-patient clinic, and has remained well.At his last visit on September 30, 1959, he was well and had no diarrhoea or other alimentary symptoms.Clinical examination showed no significant abnormality.His blood-pressure was 160, 100 mm.Hg and his weight 157 lb.(71.2 kg.).A barium meal at this time showed a normal small-bowel pattern.Further Investigations This patient was well, without symptoms of alimentary disease and maintaining a constant weight, until he had an acute illness with diarrhoea followed by circulatory collapse.BrrU
Abstract 2191: Mutational analysis of <i>DNMT3A</i> gene in acute leukemias and common solid cancers
Authors: Nam Jin Yoo, Min Sung Kim, Sug Hyung Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DNMT3A, a DNA methyltransferase that functions for de novo methylation, is important in development and many cellular processes related to tumorigenesis. Somatic mutations of DNMT3A gene, including recurrent mutations in its Arg-882, were recently reported in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), strongly suggesting its role in development of AML. To see whether DNMT3A mutation occurs in other malignancies as well, we analyzed DNMT3A in 916 cancer tissues from 401 hematlogoic malignancies (AML, acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL), multiple myelomas and lymphomas) and 515 carcinomas (lung, breast, prostate, colorectal and gastric carcinomas) by a single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay. We identified DNMT3A mutations, especially the Arg-882 mutations, in adulthood AML (9.4%). In addition, we found DNMT3A mutations in a pre-B-ALL and three lung cancers at lower frequencies. Allelic loss of DNMT3A was frequently observed in most cancer types analyzed, including lymphomas (48.1%), gastric cancers (23.5%) and lung cancers (18.3%) irrespective of DNMT3A mutation. Also, loss of DNMT3A expression was common in lung cancers (46.4%) and was associated with the allelic loss. Our data indicate that DNMT3A gene is mutated mainly in AML but it occurs in other cancers such as ALL and lung cancer despite the lower incidences. Also, the data suggest that DNMT3A is altered in many cancers types by various ways, including somatic mutations, allelic loss and loss of expression that might play roles in tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2191. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2191
Human Pulmonary Dirofilariasis Manifesting as a "Coin" Lesion
Authors: Ricardo A. Tuazon
Journal: JAMA (1967)

DIROFILARIA or heartworm is a common parasite of dogs, cats, and other mammals. It is rarely encountered in human beings. Recently, two cases of human pulmonary dirofilariasis were reported by Harrison and Thompson.<sup>1</sup>In their review of the literature they found only three cases up to 1965. Extrapulmonary human dirofilariasis is the more common form of human infestation by this parasite. Faust<sup>2</sup>in 1957 reviewed the literature and collected 37 cases, most of them were found in southern Europe. Four of the cases of human pulmonary dirofilariasis mentioned above presented as a "coin" lesion in a roentgenogram of the chest. The fifth case presented as a pulmonary infarct with pneumonitis. Because of this clinical pattern, human pulmonary dirofilariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of "coin" lesion of the lung. The following case is being reported to add to the small list of cases of human pulmonary
Flow of Labeled Blood in Small Cylindrical Tubes and Glass Bead Systems
Authors: C. W. Sheppard, W. M. Rhodes
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The transport of T 1824 by blood has been studied in glass bead columns and small cylindrical tubes. Technical improvements include a method for transilluminating blood in tubes of less than 1 mm. radius, permitting the observation of the outflowing dye spear. Curves of dye concentration in samples collected at the outflow are expressed in terms of τ and F (τ). These variables represent, respectively, the fraction of system volume displaced and the fraction of dye collected per unit τ interval. Results for blood and for an aqueous perfusion medium were closely similar in both the tube and bead experiments. In the tube experiments fair agreement was obtained between theoretical and experimental curves, but data in the smaller tubes were more subject to turbulent disturbances which could not always be precisely controlled.
Investigating iron status in microcytic anaemia
Authors: Michael J Galloway, W Stuart A Smellie
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<i>Microcytic anaemia is often assumed to indicate iron deficiency, but up to 20-30% of patients will have another diagnosis, particularly anaemia of chronic inflammation or myelodysplasia. Measurement of serum ferritin offers the best means of confirming iron deficiency, although in some cases a trial of iron may be required.</i>
The Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism-Reply
Authors: Carol E. Vreim
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> As reported in our discussion of study methods, the PIOPED ventilation scans included left and right posterior oblique views in addition to the posterior views. The PIOPED investigators considered the use of aerosol and of xenon 127 for ventilation scans during the planning phase for PIOPED. In comparison to xenon 133, aerosol has not been shown to be a superior diagnostic agent.<sup>1</sup>Because of aerosol's greater cost, the limitations Dr Boxen describes, and the lack of evidence of diagnostic superiority, aerosol was not used. Although xenon 127 has some desirable characteristics, at the time of the PIOPED planning phase it was much more expensive than xenon 133 and was distributed by only one commercial supplier, which made it impractical for use in PIOPED. We do not know of any large series conducted to establish whether xenon 127 is indeed superior as a diagnostic agent. The PIOPED investigators took
Evolution of isochores in rodents
Authors: M. Robinson, C. Gautier, D. Mouchiroud
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The most deviant isochore pattern within mammals was found in rat and mouse; most other mammals possess a different kind of isochore organization called the "general pattern." However, isochore patterns remain largely unknown in rodents other than mouse and rat. To investigate the taxonomic distribution of isochore patterns in rodents, we sequenced the nuclear gene LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) from 17 rodents species (bringing the total of LCAT sequences in rodent to 19) and compared their GC contents at third codon positions and in introns. We also analyzed an extensive sequence database from rodents other than rat and mouse. All murid LCAT sequences are much poorer in GC than all nonrodent LCAT sequences, and the hamster sequence database shows exactly the same isochore pattern as rat and mouse. Thus, all murids share the same special isochore pattern--GC homogenization. LCAT sequences are GC-poor in hystricomorphs too, but the guinea pig sequence database indicates that large changes in GC content occur without an overall modification of the isochore pattern. This novel mode of isochore evolution is called GC reordering. LCAT sequences also show that the evolution of isochores in sciurids and glirids is nonconservative in comparison with that in nonrodents. Thus, at least two novel patterns of isochore evolution were found. No rodent investigated to date shared the general mammalian pattern.
Oral Rehydration Therapy for Viral Gastroenteritis
Authors: Frances A. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A recent case conference at our institution concerned a child with gastroenteritis (GE) and mild dehydration who was given nothing by mouth and treated with intravenous fluids for 2 days. In the course of reviewing the literature to persuade colleagues that this is now outmoded therapy, I found that the article by Kapikian<sup>1</sup>on viral GE in the recent Grand Rounds at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health series, which contains an excellent discussion of rotavirus and other types of viral GE and the development of a rotavirus vaccine, presents a similar "selected case." It is unfortunate that the author chose to use as an example a child whose management did not conform better to currently promoted standards.<sup>2</sup>The 11-month-old child was about 5% dehydrated, irritable but not lethargic, and had no vomiting after admission and no electrolyte imbalance or acidosis. Such
Transatrial Exposure for Correction of Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: C. Walton Lillehei
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Two patients, 15 and 26 years of age, with unusual forms of subaortic stenosis were studied. One presented an unusually low discrete form and the other, the diffuse muscular hypertrophic form. Preoperatively, the correct anatomic diagnosis was obtained in both by the use of left heart catheterization and angiography. Our past experience with similar lesions was not consistently satisfactory, therefore a new operative approach was applied in both patients. This technique consisted of heart-lung bypass with right posterolateral thoracotomy, left atriotomy, and detachment of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve along the annulus. In one patient, an associated mitral insufficiency was also corrected by utilizing leaflet advancement. Postoperative left heart catheterization indicated cure in one and significant improvement in the other. Advantages of this method were excellent exposure of the interior of the left ventricle and especially the low ventricular septum, obviation of left ventriculotomy and aortotomy, and continuous coronary perfusion by the natural route.
Gallium-67 Citrate Imaging Before and After Treatment of Acute Q Fever
Authors: Jong-Kang Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Q fever is an acute infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Acute Q fever is most commonly a mild and self-limiting disease with fever, interstitial pneumonia, and hepatitis. Either myocarditis or nephritis is a rare complication of acute Q fever. The authors present a 63-year-old woman with acute onset of high fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and anorexia. A Ga-67 scan showed changes secondary to active inflammation in the myocardium, right breast, liver, kidneys, and knee joints. Under the clinical impression of Q fever, the patient underwent antibiotic treatment with doxycycline. Acute Q fever was diagnosed on the basis of a positive serologic test for C. burnetii. A follow-up gallium scan performed 6 weeks after the initial study showed normalization of gallium uptake in the myocardium, right breast, liver, kidneys, and knee joints.
TREATMENT OF DECUBITUS WITH TANNIC ACID
Authors: EARL O. LATIMER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Decubitus, or pressure sore, is the result of local impaired nutrition, frequently in a person whose tissues have a lowered resistance because of age, disease, injury or nerve involvement. Such lesions are initiated by pressure and often aided by some slight injury or by irritation from urine, feces or perspiration. While the lesion often occurs in paralyzed parts, it is by no means limited to patients with nerve involvement. The soft tissues over bony prominences are the common location of these ulcers; but with the widespread use of casts, splints and skin traction few parts of the body surface are exempt. Pressure produces a local ischemia with subsequent thrombosis, death of tissue and ulcer formation.  Prophylaxis is the ideal procedure. Such measures as frequently changing the position of the patient, massage, dusting powders including lead tannate,1cleanliness and protection of susceptible parts are of the utmost importance.
Neonate blood IgE levels on filter paper as indicators of atopic disease
Authors: S. Furukawa, S. Nakachi, T. Matsubara, K. Yabuta, T. Takeuchi, M. Baba
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Measurements of IgE levels in the blood of neonates were investigated using filter paper for blood collection in mass screening of congenital metabolic disorders. Time‐resolved fluoroimmunometric assay system for the measurement of filter paper blood IgE levels was also studied. In an analysis of the present results, IgE values of at least 0.015U/ml, the measurement limit, were considered as high. High IgE levels in filter paper blood were seen in 28 (7.2%) of the 389 cases. When the relation with serum IgE levels at 18 months of age was investigated in 134 of 389 subjects, high serum IgE levels were also found in about 86.7% of the subjects with high IgE levels in filter paper blood. In addition, when the relation between family history of atopic disease and presence of atopic disease in the first 18 months of age was investigated in 203 of the 389 subjects, about 90 % of the subjects with a family history of atopic disease and high IgE levels in filter paper blood developed atopic disease. Since filter paper blood is routinely collected in Japan, IgE levels in this blood should be widely checked for the prediction of onset of atopic disease in infants.