tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Gentles Sloan
Authors: M. S. R. S. E. Wood
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Elizabeth Gentles Sloan (nee Higgins and known as “Betty”) was born on 22 December 1914 at home in Bathgate, West Lothian. Her father was minister of Dawson Memorial Church, Kirkcowan, and she underwent her secondary education at Douglas Ewart High School, Newton Stewart.

She enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine at Edinburgh University in September 1933. Her degree course was supported by a Carnegie scholarship.

As a student from 1933 to 1935, she resided in the Church of Scotland hostel Lister House on the Mound, in a six bedded dormitory. From 1935 to …
Parental Smoking Modifies the Relation between Genetic Variation in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α ( <i>TNF</i> ) and Childhood Asthma
Authors: Hao Wu, Isabelle Romieu, Juan-Jose Sienra-Monge, Blanca Estela del Rio-Navarro, Daniel M. Anderson, Erin W. Dunn, Lori L. Steiner, Irma del Carmen Lara-Sanchez, Stephanie J. London
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Polymorphisms in the proinflammatory cytokine genes tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA, also called TNF-beta) have been associated with asthma and atopy in some studies. Parental smoking is a consistent risk factor for childhood asthma. Secondhand smoke and ozone both stimulate TNF production.Our goal was to investigate whether genetic variation in TNF and LTA is associated with asthma and atopy and whether the association is modified by parental smoking in a Mexican population with high ozone exposure.We genotyped six tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNF and LTA, including functional variants, in 596 nuclear families consisting of asthmatics 4-17 years of age and their parents in Mexico City. Atopy was determined by skin prick tests.The A allele of the TNF-308 SNP was associated with increased risk of asthma [relative risk (RR) = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-2.28], especially among children of non-smoking parents (RR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.19-3.55; p for interaction = 0.09). Similarly, the A allele of the TNF-238 SNP was associated with increased asthma risk among children of nonsmoking parents (RR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.14-4.30; p for interaction = 0.01). LTA SNPs were not associated with asthma. Haplotype analyses reflected the single SNP findings in magnitude and direction. TNF and LTA SNPs were not associated with the degree of atopy.Our results suggest that genetic variation in TNF may contribute to childhood asthma and that associations may be modified by parental smoking.
Investigation and management of gout in the young and the elderly.
Authors: P A Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Investigation and management of gout in the young and the elderly P A DieppeThe typical case of gout is easy to recognise: a middle aged man, overweight and full of bonhomie, high facial colouring, and overfond of food and alcohol, he presents with an excruciatingly painful, hot, red toe and demands treatment.Management of such cases is usually straightforward.It is arguably more important for the doctor to be on the lookout for the associations of gout than it is to treat the arthritis in such patients.Obesity, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, a high alcohol intake, and preventable cardiovascular disease are all associated, and the gout should act as a 'signal' for the need to remove as many cardiovascular risk factors as possible.This article, however, focuses on the young and the elderly with gout as they pose different and difficult management problems.Gout is unusual in the young and particularly so in women before the menopause, a fact that was recognised by Hippocrates.'Onset before the age of 30 in a man and in any premenopausal woman should raise the question of a specific enzyme defect leading to marked purine over- production or an inherited defect in renal tubular handling.Early identification of these cases is important because treatment may ameliorate complications such as urate calculi and renal damage.The elderly with gout are also a special group.Here, the presentation is often atypical and drug treatment presents special difficulties.Severe side effects to both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and to allopurinol are common in this group.
TCT-640 Optical Coherence Tomography can be combined with angiography to create highly accurate patient-specific models of human coronary anatomy in a rapid automated manner
Authors: Chrysa A. Kousera, Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Ryo Torii, Ricardo Petraco, Sayan Sen, Nicolas Foin, Christopher Broyd, Alun D. Hughes, Yun X. Xu, Darrel P. Francis, Justin E. Davies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Stance leg frontal plane stability during lateral bounds
Authors: P Jones, D Kerwin, G Irwin, L Nokes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Lower limb stability is pivotal to successful dynamic sporting movements, with poor stability during single leg tasks commonly associated with lower limb non-contact injuries. Objective This study investigated stance leg frontal plane stability during a lateral bound task. Design Players performed an infield clinical screening involving 10 alternating bounds from their left (LLEG) and right (RLEG) legs. Each bound comprised stabilisation (landing) and propulsion (lateral push off). 3D kinematic data for the stance leg (200 Hz) were captured using an automated system (CODAmotionTM) and a cluster marker set. Setting Professional footballers currently performing in the English Football League System performed the screening. Participants Five participants performed the screening. Intervention/Assessment of risk factors The independent variables in this study were the players involved. Main outcome measurements Absolute frontal plane sway (AFP-Sway) at the hip, knee and ankle were determined (Visual3DTM) and combined to provide a collective stance leg sway score (CSL-Sway) for each trial. Additionally, percentage contributions of AFP-Sway at each joint to CSL-Sway for all trials were determined and compared across players in each condition using one-way ANOVA. Results There were CSL-Sway differences between players within each condition, accounted for by additional motions at all three lower limb joints under LLEG conditions and only hip and knee joints under RLEG conditions. Percentage individual joint contributions to CSL-Sway differed between players at the knee and ankle joints under LLEG and all joints under RLEG conditions. Both conditions revealed two distinct bounding strategies with hip or combination of hip and ankle motions contributing the most to CSL-Sway. Conclusions Player differences in CSL-Sway, AFP-Sway and percentage joint contribution to CSL-Sway under both bounding conditions highlight the individualised nature of lateral bound strategies. Such objective assessment of stance leg stability may enable movement stability classification and ultimately aid injury risk identification.
Tissue culture, protein and collagen synthesis in antibiotic sterilized canine heart valves
Authors: C. G. A. MCGREGOR, J. F. BRADLEY, J. OD. MCGEE, D. J. WHEATLEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Viability of canine heart valve leaflet fibroblasts was assessed after varying periods of sterilization and storage in antibiotic-nutrient solution. Tissue culture and assessment of protein and collagen synthesis showed that tissue obtained under optimal conditions rarely retains viability beyond 3 weeks in antibiotic-nutrient solution and is severely impaired after 2 weeks. This casts serious doubts on viability in current clinical homograft valve practice.
Chitosan Electrodeposition for Microrobotic Drug Delivery
Authors: Stefano Fusco, George Chatzipirpiridis, Kartik M. Sivaraman, Olgaç Ergeneman, Bradley J. Nelson, Salvador Pané
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract A method to functionalize steerable magnetic microdevices through the co‐electrodeposition of drug loaded chitosan hydrogels is presented. The characteristics of the polymer matrix have been investigated in terms of fabrication, morphology, drug release and response to different environmental conditions. Modifications of the matrix behavior could be achieved by simple chemical post processing. The system is able to load and deliver 40–80 μg cm −2 of a model drug (Brilliant Green) in a sustained manner with different profiles. Chitosan allows a pH responsive behavior with faster and more efficient release under slightly acidic conditions as can be present in tumor or inflamed tissue. A prototype of a microrobot functionalized with the hydrogel is presented and proposed for the treatment of posterior eye diseases.
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE GENITAL TRACT
Authors: HUGH H. YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The subject of tuberculosis of the seminal tract has for years been highly controversial. Some of the questions at issue have been: Which is the primary seat, the epididymis or the seminal vesicles? Does the pathologic process within the scrotum start in the globus major or the globus minor? Does it reach these through the blood stream, by the lymphatics or down the vas deferens? Has heliotherapy or hygiene any value? Is castration preferable to epididymectomy? Should operation be attempted if the bladder, kidneys or lungs are involved? Seminal vesiculectomy has hardly been mentioned. In the literature one will find a great array of papers in which leading surgeons and urologists have expounded views at variance on the subject of genital tuberculosis. In my early days on the surgical staff of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, castration was the rule in genital tuberculosis. Later we employed the Bardenheuer operation of epididymectomy.
Weak Ankles. A Study of Common Peroneal Entrapment Neuropathy
Authors: J. D. Sidey
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Twenty-three patients were seen with entrapment neuropathy in a two-and-a-half-year period. Symptoms consisted of pain, paresis, and paraesthesia in the distribution of the common peroneal nerve. Some degree of paresis was often present, which in five patients was severe enough to cause drop foot. In 20 patients decompression of the entrapped nerve at the neck of the fibula was quickly and completely successful. It is suggested that the ankle weakness which frequently follows sprains and other forced inversion injuries may often be at least partially due to entrapment of the common peroneal nerve.
Treatment With a Growth Hormone Secretagogue in a Model of Developing Heart Failure
Authors: Mary K. King, David M. Gay, Lydia C. Pan, James H. McElmurray, Jennifer W. Hendrick, Christine Pirie, Allison Morrison, Connie Ding, Rupak Mukherjee, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Circulation (2001)

{abs}Background —Exogenous administration of growth hormone (GH) and subsequently increased production of insulin-like growth factor-1 can influence left ventricular (LV) myocardial growth and geometry in the setting of congestive heart failure (CHF). This study determined the effects of an orally active GH secretagogue (GHS) treatment that causes a release of endogenous GH on LV function and myocyte contractility in a model of developing CHF. Methods and Results —Pigs were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: (1) chronic rapid pacing at 240 bpm for 3 weeks (n=11); (2) chronic rapid pacing and GHS (CP-424,391 at 10 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 , n=9); and (3) sham controls (n=8). In the untreated pacing CHF group, LV fractional shortening was reduced (21±2% versus 47±2%) and peak wall stress increased (364±21 versus 141±5 g/cm 2 ) from normal control values ( P &lt;0.05). In the GHS group, LV fractional shortening was higher (29±2%) and LV peak wall stress lower (187±126 g/cm 2 ) than untreated CHF values ( P &lt;0.05). With GHS treatment, the ratio of LV mass to body weight increased by 44% from untreated values. Steady-state myocyte velocity of shortening was reduced with pacing CHF compared with controls (38±1 versus 78±1 μm/s, P &lt;0.05) and was increased from pacing CHF values with GHS treatment (55±7 μm/s, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —The improved LV pump function that occurred with GHS treatment in this model of CHF was most likely a result of favorable effects on LV myocardial remodeling and contractile processes. On the basis of these results, further studies are warranted to determine the potential role of GH secretagogues in the treatment of CHF.
Primary Care Rheumatology
Authors: Stanley P. Ballou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes18 June 2002Primary Care RheumatologyStanley P. Ballou, MDStanley P. Ballou, MDCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. (Ballou)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-12-200206180-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Harris ED Jr., Genovese MC, eds. 413 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. $56.95. ISBN 0721671721. Order phone 800-525-2522.Field of medicine: Clinical rheumatology.Format: Hardcover book.Purpose: To guide primary care providers in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with musculoskeletal disorders.Content: The first two thirds of the text is devoted to evaluation of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. This portion focuses on general and regional physical examination, pertinent laboratory testing, musculoskeletal imaging, and aspiration and injection of joints and soft tissues. The final third discusses diagnosis and management of the major rheumatic diseases. Fourteen brief but illustrative clinical ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. (Ballou) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 June 2002Volume 136, Issue 12Page: 928KeywordsOrthopedicsOutpatientsPathogenesisPatientsPregnancyResearch laboratoriesRheumatic feverRheumatologySoft tissuesSoftware tools ePublished: 18 June 2002 Issue Published: 18 June 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
High-Dose Folic Acid Acutely Improves Coronary Vasodilator Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ahmed Tawakol, Raymond Q. Migrino, Kusai S. Aziz, Justyna Waitkowska, Gotfred Holmvang, Nathaniel M. Alpert, James E. Muller, Alan J. Fischman, Henry Gewirtz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
P2-267: The efficacy and characteristics of palliative chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced or recurrent non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tae Yong Kim, Jin Won Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Yu Jung Kim, Sunyoung Kim, Hye Han, Se-Hoon Suk Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Young Hwan Kim, Dae Seog Heo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
The New Harvard Guide to Psychiatry
Authors: Sara C. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A plethora of textbooks on general psychiatry have been published concomitant with and keyed to the publication of<i>DSM-III-R</i>, the recent revision of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual</i>(III) endorsed by the American Psychiatric Association as the official system of classification for mental disorders. The challenge to psychiatric educators is to evaluate the merits of each to discern its value relative to specific target audiences and to recommend texts that best serve their needs and interests.<i>The New Harvard Guide to Psychiatry</i>, a largely rewritten edition of the first guide published ten years ago, will be highly recommended by those who take the time to study its 800 or so pages as a text eminently useful to a large spectrum of practicing psychiatrists, trainees, and students of the discipline as well as interested specialists in other medical specialties. The editor's objective was to produce an "up-to-date, well-integrated, and technically sound
Some small hospitals will have to close to meet working time directive
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Health service provision in the United Kingdom will have to be radically reconfigured if it is to meet the demands of the European working time directive, the annual representative meeting of the BMA heard last week.

The first phase of the directive will apply to doctors in training in 2004, when they will not be obliged to work longer than 48 hours.

Fiona Kew, a specialist registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology in Sunderland, told the …
1411 CF102 FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A PHASE I/II, OPEN-LABEL, DOSE-ESCALATION STUDY
Authors: S.M. Stemmer, O. Benjaminov, G. Medalia, N.B. Ciuraru, M.H. Silverman, S. Bar-Yehuda, S. Fishman, Z. Harpaz, M. Farbstein, S. Cohen, R. Patoka, B. Singer, W.D. Kerns, P. Fishman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Abstract B38: Unveiling the mechanisms of melanoma metastasis using a chick embryo neural crest model system
Authors: Caleb M. Bailey, Paul M. Kulesa
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of melanoma metastasis, our laboratory has recently performed a molecular comparison between melanoma and the embryonic neural crest. The neural crest is a multi-potent and highly invasive cell population, and represents the ancestral cell type of melanocytes. We report that melanoma cells exploit portions of the embryonic neural crest development program to facilitate invasion. In particular, Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their cognate ligands, the ephrins, are dynamically regulated by C8161 melanoma cells to facilitate migration. We noted that the purported metastasis suppressor EphB6 was significantly reduced in invasive melanoma cells compared to poorly invasive melanoma cells and primary human melanocytes. In the current study, we have utilized the chick embryo transplant model system to examine the effects of EphB6 re-expression in C8161 melanoma cells. EphB6 over-expression significantly alters cell directionality of migrating melanoma cells within the embryo. We confirmed the anti-metastatic effect of EphB6 in melanoma cells using a chick CAM metastasis assay, which demonstrated a significant decrease in metastatic potential. Importantly, tumor formation appeared unaffected. These results suggest that EphB6 acts specifically as a metastasis suppressor, likely at the metastatic step of intravasation. Our studies also demonstrate the chick embryo as a powerful tool with which to compare and dissect the complex mechanisms of metastasis in vivo that are similar or distinct from normal developmental processes. Citation Format: Caleb M. Bailey, Paul M. Kulesa. Unveiling the mechanisms of melanoma metastasis using a chick embryo neural crest model system. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B38.
IgG Heavy-Chain (GM) Allotypes and Immune Response to Insulin in Insulin-Requiring Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yoshinobu Nakao, Hideo Matsumoto, Tokiko Miyazaki, Nobuhiko Mizuno, Naomichi Arima, Akemi Wakisaka, Kyoko Okimoto, Yoshihiro Akazawa, Kimiyoshi Tsuji, Takuo Fujita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

IN guinea pigs1 , 2 and mice, 3 4 5 the ability to develop humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to heterologous insulins is in part controlled by immune-response genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex. In human beings as well, genes in the HLA region play some part in humoral immune reactivity to conventional insulins.6 , 7 However, immunogenetic studies have shown that the immune response has a polygenic basis. At least two different groups of immune-response genes have been demonstrated in human beings and in mice; one is linked to the major histocompatibility complex8 , 9 and the other to the IgG heavy-chain (Gm) gene complex.10 , 11 We have . . .
Breast Cancer Prevention by Letrozole in Post Menopausal BRCA1/2 Mutations Carriers: The Onco-03/LIBER Trial.
Authors: P. Pujol, S. Mijonnet, S. Karen, A. Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Women carrying germline BRCA1/2 deleterious mutations are an extreme risk population for developing breast cancer, with a cumulative life-time risk of 56-80%. Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy provides a valid option for reducing the risk of breast cancer by nearly 90 %. Although it greatly affects the quality of life, breast prophylactic surgery in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have increased in Europe and in US over the last decade.The major breast cancer prevention trials using tamoxifen and raloxifen showed an approximately 50% risk reduction in high risk women. The contralateral risk reduction in current adjuvant trials comparing aromatase inhibitors (AI) to tamoxifen therapies reveals a higher preventive efficacy of AI after menopause. Two ongoing randomized studies using exemestane (MAP3) or anastrozole (IBIS2) are assessing the risk reduction of breast cancer in menopausal women but none are designed for BRCA1/2 carriers.The French federation of cancer centres, "FNCLCC" (Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer) has developed a randomized phase III study to determine the efficacy of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole to reduce the incidence of invasive breast cancer in post menopausal BRCA1/2 carriers. The ONCO-03 (LIBER) study is a double-blind, letrozole versus placebo, controlled study involving 28 centres in France. The study opened for recruitment in march 2008. The study design, procedures and first analysis of patients enrolment are presented.Based on the known preclinical and clinical profile of AI, a greater reduction in breast cancer incidence with fewer side effects is hypothesized with this class of agents than with tamoxifen or raloxifen. For postmenopausal women bearing a BRCA1/2 genetic predisposition, prevention of breast cancer risk by letrozole could provide a precious alternative to bilateral mastectomy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1048.
The Problem with Futility
Authors: Robert D. Truog, Allan S. Brett, Joel Frader
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

"Futility" is one of the newest additions to the lexicon of bioethics. Physicians, ethicists, and members of the media are increasingly concerned about patients and families who insist on receiving life-sustaining treatment that others judge to be futile. A clear understanding of futility has proved to be elusive, however. Many clinicians view futility the way one judge viewed pornography: they may not be able to define it, but they know it when they see it.1 The notion of futile medical treatment may go back to the time of Hippocrates, who allegedly advised physicians "to refuse to treat those who are . . .
Re: Delila Gasi Tandefelt, Joost L. Boormans, Hetty A. van der Korput, Guido W. Jenster, Jan Trapman. A 36-gene Signature Predicts Clinical Progression in a Subgroup of ERG-positive Prostate Cancers. Eur Urol 2013;64:941–50
Authors: Natalie Sampson, Peter Berger, Helmut Klocker
Journal: European Urology (2014)