tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Micromanipulation of human gametes and embryos: ooplasmic donation at fertilization VIDEO
Authors: J Cohen
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

It is well known that human embryos may from anomalies both in vitro and in vivo. Progress through the preimplantation stages can be marked by multiple nuclei in some or all blastomeres, the formation of numerous fragments of varying size and organized in different patterns, and by arrests in development at virtually any stage. Various parameters have been offered as markers of the success of embryo growth and its culmination in implantation. Some of these involve characteristics in the follicles such as size, steroid output, properties of cumulus cells and others. Most involve studies on embryos in vitro, analysing timing of cleavage, blastomere structure, chromosome complement and timing of blastulation. More recently, characteristics in the structure of the pronuclei or of the ooplasm have been introduced. Certain dysmorphisms in the oocyte may predict implantation failure (Van Blerkom et al., 1995), whereas other characteristics hint at polarity in the pronucleate egg to make a detailed forecast of the likelihood of particular embryos achieving implantation (Scott and Smith, 1998). Cytogenetic studies using fluorescence in-situ hybridization of all cells from whole embryos have shown that certain morphological markers such as pronuclear and blastomere size can predict anomalies with high accuracy (S.Munne and J.Cohen, manuscript submitted). Such studies may ultimately help embryologists to assist in selecting embryos for replacement of cryopreservation. Virtually all of these issues remain to be proven in large-scale prospective controlled trials, yet there is much optimism that some of these parameters will be applied, and some of them demand no more than examining the eggs in vitro. Another approach to improving the growth of human embryos is to interfere physically or embryologically with them in order to avert an impending problem or to set them on the correct pathway to full-term development. In a sense, changing culture medium is one form of manipulation. More relevant to the present video, intrusive methods such as assisted hatching, zona removal, excising cytoplasmic fragments, and ooplasmic donation (Cohen et al.,
Minimal Brain Dysfunction
Authors: Robert Cohn
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  In the paper, Organic Causes of Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Towbin attempted to relate delayed acquisition of language ability, hyperkinesia, clumsiness, etc (MBD) with brain changes ( 217 :1207, 1971). This particular attempt is of limited value because Towbin has used only circumstantial material for these correlations. He has used cases with extensive brain lesions who displayed grossly disturbed language and behavior, and subjects with relatively small brain lesions who were too young to have developed language abilities. None of these patients could possibly have shown the phenomenon of MBD. To relate specific or general brain abnormalities with MBD it is absolutely necessary to know that the particular individual under study did actually exhibit the clinical syndrome of MBD.  The fallacy of the circumstantial approach employed is attested by two main lines of evidence. The first is that individuals with signs of gross brain damage, as determined by clinical
BLIMP1 Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene Frequently Disrupted in Activated B Cell-like Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Jonathan Mandelbaum, Govind Bhagat, Hongyan Tang, Tongwei Mo, Manisha Brahmachary, Qiong Shen, Amy Chadburn, Klaus Rajewsky, Alexander Tarakhovsky, Laura Pasqualucci, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Regression of Left Ventricular Dilation and Hypertrophy after Removal of Volume Overload
Authors: JOHN M. PAPADIMITRIOU, BARRY E. HOPKINS, ROGER R. TAYLOR
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

Gross and ultrastructural changes occurring in the left ventricle in response to chronic volume overload were studied in dogs. One group of dogs was examined 28-43 days after an aortocaval fistula had been created; congestive heart failure had developed at the time of the examination. Two other groups of dogs were investigated 78 ± 17 ( SD ) days and 178 ± 4 days after similar fistulas had been closed. A group of control dogs was also studied. Aortocaval fistulas produced significant left ventricular dilation and hypertrophy. Ultrastructural changes included enlargement and distortion of intercalated disks, increase in number but decrease in size and relative volume of mitochondria, and loss of lateral alignment of sarcomeres. Left ventricles, 78 days after the fistulas had been closed, were not different ultrastructurally or grossly from those in dogs with patent fistulas. After 178 days of closure, ventricular mass and volume had decreased; mass was still significantly greater than that in normal dogs, but cavity volume was not. Ultrastructural abnormalities in dogs after 178 days of closure were much less marked than those in dogs with patent fistulas, and ultrastructure was hardly distinguishable from normal. The findings in these experiments indicate that gross and ultrastructural abnormalities produced in the left ventricle by chronic volume overload are largely, if not completely, reversible.
Synergistic antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, interleukin 2, and local tumor irradiation. Studies on the mechanism of action.
Authors: R B Cameron, P J Spiess, S A Rosenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with the concomitant administration of IL-2 has been shown to mediate the regression of established 6- and 14-d murine hepatic and pulmonary metastases. For successful immunotherapy with TIL, however, pretreatment with either cyclophosphamide (CP) or whole body irradiation (WBX) was required. The exact mechanism of CP and WBX augmentation of TIL antitumor activity remains unknown, but the elimination of Ts cells has been frequently invoked as an explanation. To address this possibility and to determine if local tumor irradiation (LTX) could synergize with TIL as well as WBX, we investigated the effect of LTX on the therapeutic efficacy of TIL and IL-2 in the treatment of multiple 7-d murine hepatic metastases. Experiments studying the treatment of a weakly immunogenic murine adenocarcinoma, MC-38, showed prolonged survival of mice treated with the combination of IL-2, TIL, and either LTX or WBX, compared with treatment with radiation alone or radiation plus IL-2 controls (p less than 0.0001). In addition, therapy with LTX and IL-2 prolonged survival, compared with LTX administration alone, whereas therapy with WBX combined with IL-2 did not alter survival. This augmentation of TIL-mediated antitumor activity was dependent on the dose of radiation used. To assess the possibility that tumor-associated Ts cells inhibit the function of adoptively transferred TIL in animals with 7-d metastatic tumor and are eliminated by WBX and LTX, we repeated the above experiments leaving some tumor unirradiated. Mice underwent either LTX or limited LTX, which included only the right side of the liver (LTX1/2). The number of right- and left-sided metastases were then individually counted. These studies showed that the reduction in the number of right-sided metastases was identical between the two groups and that the presence of left-sided tumor in the LTX1/2 group did not suppress the observed antitumor activity of TIL against irradiated tumor. Additional evidence against the elimination of suppressor cells as an important mechanism in radiation-induced augmentation of TIL antitumor activity was provided by experiments studying the effectiveness of TIL in thymectomized, lethally irradiated, and reconstituted B mice. Unless CP was administered before the adoptive transfer of TIL, therapy with IL-2 and TIL in these B mice was ineffective in the absence of demonstrable T lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Reduction of Symptoms by Valacyclovir in Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Individuals With Schizophrenia
Authors: Faith B. Dickerson, John J. Boronow, Cassie R. Stallings, Andrea E. Origoni, Robert H. Yolken
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: The study was an investigation of the effect of the antiviral medication valacyclovir on the symptoms of outpatients with persistent schizophrenia. METHOD: Oral valacyclovir, 1 g twice daily, was administered to 65 outpatients over 16 weeks along with their usual psychiatric medications. Changes in psychiatric symptoms were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and were tested for correlations with antibodies to potentially neurotropic human herpesviruses, as measured by immunoassay before the start of the therapy. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the psychiatric symptoms of individuals who were seropositive for cytomegalovirus. Improvement was not associated with antibodies to other herpesviruses or to a range of demographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: The replication of cytomegalovirus may contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia in some individuals.
Height as an Explanatory Factor for Sex Differences in Human Cancer
Authors: Roland B. Walter, Theodore M. Brasky, Sarah A. Buckley, John D. Potter, Emily White
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundMost cancers occur more frequently in men.Numerous explanations for this excess risk have been proposed, yet no study has quantified the degree to which height explains the sex difference even though greater height has been associated with increased risk for many cancers. MethodsDuring the period from 2000 to 2002, 65 308 volunteers aged 50 to 76 years were recruited to the Vitamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) study.Cancers of shared anatomic sites (n = 3466) were prospectively identified through 2009 through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry.Age-and race-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations between sex and incident cancers were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, with and without adjustment for height and height squared as measures of body size. ResultsMen had a 55% increased risk of cancer at shared sites (HR = 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45 to 1.66).When height was accounted for, 33.8% (95% CI = 10.2% to 57.3%) of the excess risk for men was explained by the height differences between sexes.The proportion mediated by height was 90.9%, 57.3%, and 49.6% for kidney, melanoma, and hematologic malignancies, respectively, with little evidence that height mediates the sex difference for gastrointestinal tract, lung, and bladder cancers.For comparison, more than 35 lifestyle and medical risk factors only explained 23.1% of the sex difference in cancer risk at shared sites. ConclusionsHeight is an important explanatory factor for the excess risk for men for many shared-site cancers.This suggests that some of the excess risk is due to factors associated with height (eg, number of susceptible cells in a specific organ or growth-influencing exposures in childhood).
Simplifying infusion calculations.
Authors: R J Brooks, A M Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Continuous intravenous or subcutaneous infusion of drugs is increasingly common in many specialties. This increase reflects a better understanding of drug pharmacokinetics and a greater availability of infusion controllers and syringe pumps. Although local limitations on many nurses prevent them from administering drugs intravenously by bolus injections, they are allowed to control infusions. The use of infusions has induced errors resulting from their arithmetical complexity, which has even stimulated the writing of computer programs. Many factors contribute to the complexity and we think that they have three main origins. The first is the different requirements of the medical and nursing staff concerned in the administration of the infusion. Medical staff wish to refer to the dose of drug per kilogram of body weight per unit of time. Only by using this standard can effect be related to dose and similar drug regimens compared. This value is, however, lost from sight by the need of the nursing staff to have a prescription based on the volume flow rate of the infusion, as this is what they actually control. Secondly, the relation between the drug dosage rate and the volume is obfuscated by a bewildering array of expressions of concentration?percentages (vol/vol or wt/vol), parts per thousand, parts per mule (%o), mass or moles per 100 ml, per litre, or per ml. When a solution for infusion is made up on the ward probably the concentration will be expressed by describing the method of preparation?for example, 0*15 mg of fentanyl in 30 ml of saline. Apart from the ambiguity (was the solution made up to or with 30 ml saline?), a knowledge of the concentration of the original drug solution and a degree of arithmetic agility are required to determine the nature and strength of the infused solution and hence the dose being given to the patient. Manufacturers often suggest a suitable dilution method without stating the concentration obtained, or suggest an infusion rate without giving the drug dose rate. In such obscurities lies a potential source of serious error. Thirdly, infusions perforce require the intake of liquid which may contribute appreciably to the patient's total intake, and this is especially true in smaller patients and when several infusions are given simultaneously. Although no single system can be universally applicable, it is desirable to have uniformity of expression of all the values required to prescribe an infusion. Thus we need (a) a unit of time (minute/hour/day) and (b) a unit of volume (ml/100 ml/litre).
Pinch1 Is Required for Normal Development of Cranial and Cardiac Neural Crest-Derived Structures
Authors: Xingqun Liang, Yunfu Sun, Jurgen Schneider, Jian-Hua Ding, Hongqiang Cheng, Maoqing Ye, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Ann Rearden, Sylvia Evans, Ju Chen
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Pinch1, an adaptor protein composed of 5 LIM domains, has been suggested to play an important role in multiple cellular processes. We found that Pinch1 is highly expressed in neural crest cells and their derivatives. To examine the requirement for Pinch1 in neural crest development, we generated neural crest conditional Pinch1 knockout mice using the Wnt1-Cre/loxP system. Neural crest conditional Pinch1 mutant embryos die perinatally from severe cardiovascular defects with an unusual aneurysmal common arterial trunk. Pinch1 mutants also exhibit multiple deficiencies in cranial neural crest-derived structures. Fate mapping demonstrated that initial migration of neural crest cells to the pharyngeal arch region occurs normally in the mutant embryos. However, in the cardiac outflow tract of mutants, neural crest cells exhibited hyperplasia and failed to differentiate into smooth muscle. Markedly increased apoptosis is observed in outflow tract cushions of mutants between embryonic days 11.5 and 13.5, likely contributing to the observed defects in cushion/valve remodeling and ventricular septation. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta(2), which plays a crucial role in outflow tract development, was decreased or absent in the outflow tract of the mutants. The decrease in transforming growth factor-beta(2) expression preceded neural crest cell death. Together, our results demonstrate that Pinch1 plays an essential role in neural crest development, perhaps in part through transforming growth factor-beta signaling.
The Role of Self-Conducted Group Therapy in Psychorehabilitation: A Look at Recovery, Inc
Authors: STANLEY R. DEAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Self-conducted therapeutic clubs fill a need in psychorehabilitation. The emotional climate of the group, its contagiousness, the opportunity to share with and help others— all these are constructive forces of genuine value. Against them must be weighed such disadvantages as the lack of records and adequate follow-up, inadequate screening of new members, limited leadership training, risk of delay in treating serious illness, high dropout rates, and lack of professional or legal regulatory restraints.
Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver
Authors: Z. Myron Falchuk
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A good textbook should offer a panoramic view of the subject, should be detailed enough to answer most questions in its field (at least partially), and should direct the reader to additional pertinent material. Any who attempt to put together a textbook of great magnitude deserve respect. If they can at the same time accomplish a good outcome, as these editors have done, they deserve congratulations. This second edition has been amplified to include the latest in technology and gastroenterology as well as discussion of liver transplantation in up-to-date detail. The surgical chapters cover multiple areas clearly, including the frequently overlooked anal-rectal area. Inflammatory bowel disease, medical management, and surgical management are topics to which the editors devote much well-deserved attention. Every chapter is accompanied by a well-annotated bibliography covering the literature through 1986 and occasionally into 1987. The figures, graphs, and photographs greatly enhance the value of the book,
SKIN PHOTOSENSITIVITY FROM FLUORESCENT LIGHTING
Authors: SUSAN BROWN, P. R. LANE, I. A. MAGNUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article SKIN PHOTOSENSITIVITY FROM FLUORESCENT LIGHTING Get access SUSAN BROWN, SUSAN BROWN Photobiology Department, Institute of Dermatology, Homerton Grove, London, E.9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. R. LANE, P. R. LANE Photobiology Department, Institute of Dermatology, Homerton Grove, London, E.9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. A. MAGNUS I. A. MAGNUS Photobiology Department, Institute of Dermatology, Homerton Grove, London, E.9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 6, 1 June 1969, Pages 420–428, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb14011.x Published: 01 June 1969
Cardiac Complications of Tricyclic Antidepressant Therapy
Authors: REDFORD B. WILLIAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Two similar cases of unresponsive cardiac standstill secondary to toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants are reported. One is a case of deliberate overdose, and the other represents toxicity of therapeutic doses in a patient "pretreated" with a catecholamine depleting agent (guanethidine). Tricyclicamine antidepressants block the uptake of catecholamines by the heart, allowing enzymatic degradation and further catecholamine depletion. This group of antidepressants should therefore be contraindicated in patients receiving drugs that deplete cardiac catecholamines.
Elevated Blood Alcohol and Risk of Injury Among Bicyclists
Authors: Charles Komanoff
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tachycardia-induced silencing of subcellular Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes
Authors: Maura Greiser, Benoît-Gilles Kerfant, George S.B. Williams, Niels Voigt, Erik Harks, Katharine M. Dibb, Anne Giese, Janos Meszaros, Sander Verheule, Ursula Ravens, Maurits A. Allessie, James S. Gammie, Jolanda van der Velden, W. Jonathan Lederer, Dobromir Dobrev, Ulrich Schotten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by sustained high atrial activation rates and arrhythmogenic cellular Ca2+ signaling instability; however, it is not clear how a high atrial rate and Ca2+ instability may be related. Here, we characterized subcellular Ca2+ signaling after 5 days of high atrial rates in a rabbit model. While some changes were similar to those in persistent AF, we identified a distinct pattern of stabilized subcellular Ca2+ signaling. Ca2+ sparks, arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak, and SR Ca2+ content were largely unaltered. Based on computational analysis, these findings were consistent with a higher Ca2+ leak due to PKA-dependent phosphorylation of SR Ca2+ channels (RyR2s), fewer RyR2s, and smaller RyR2 clusters in the SR. We determined that less Ca2+ release per [Ca2+]i transient, increased Ca2+ buffering strength, shortened action potentials, and reduced L-type Ca2+ current contribute to a stunning reduction of intracellular Na+ concentration following rapid atrial pacing. In both patients with AF and in our rabbit model, this silencing led to failed propagation of the [Ca2+]i signal to the myocyte center. We conclude that sustained high atrial rates alone silence Ca2+ signaling and do not produce Ca2+ signaling instability, consistent with an adaptive molecular and cellular response to atrial tachycardia.
Cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with adrenal incidentalomas that are either non-secreting or associated with intermediate phenotype or subclinical Cushing's syndrome: a 15-year retrospective study
Authors: Guido Di Dalmazi, Valentina Vicennati, Silvia Garelli, Elena Casadio, Eleonora Rinaldi, Emanuela Giampalma, Cristina Mosconi, Rita Golfieri, Alexandro Paccapelo, Uberto Pagotto, Renato Pasquali
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2014)
Ordering of Human Bone Marrow B Lymphocyte Precursors by Single-Cell Polymerase Chain Reaction Analyses of the Rearrangement Status of the Immunoglobulin H and L Chain Gene Loci
Authors: Paolo Ghia, Edwin ten Boekel, Eva Sanz, Antonio de la Hera, Antonius Rolink, Fritz Melchers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

CD19+CD10+ human B lineage bone marrow cells were separated into cycling or resting cells, which differ in their expression of CD34, VpreB, recombination activating gene (RAG-1), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Polymerase chain reaction analyses developed for DHJH and VκJκ, VκJκK(de) and VκK(de) rearrangements with DNA of single cells and a comparison with B lineage cell development in mouse bone marrow, allow to delineate the human B lymphocyte pathway of development as follows: CD34+VpreB+RAG-1+TdT+, DHJH-rearranged, κL germline cycling pre-B I cells → CD34−VpreB+μH chain+ (pre-B receptor+) RAG-1−TdT−, VHDHJH-rearranged, κL germline, cycling pre-B II cells → CD34−VpreB−, intracytoplasmic μH chain+ (pre-B receptor−) RAG-1+/− TdT−, VHDHJH-rearranged, mainly κL germline cycling pre-B II cells → CD34−VpreB− intracytoplasmic μH chain+, RAG-1+TdT−, VHDHJH-rearranged, VκJκ-rearranged, IgM−, resting pre-B II cells CD34+VpreB−, sIgM+, RAG-1+TdT−, VHDHJH- and VκJκ-rearranged IgM+ immature B cells → CD34−, CD10−, sIgM+/sIgD+ mature B cells. This order, for the first time established for human B lineage cells, shows striking similarities with that established for mouse B lineage cells in bone marrow.