tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Strategies to Detect Glucose Intolerance in a Multiethnic Population
Authors: Sonia S. Anand, Fahad Razak, Vlad Vuksan, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Klas Malmberg, Qilong Yi, Koon K. Teo, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Identifying individuals who have elevated glucose concentrations is important for clinicians so that preventive strategies can be invoked, and it is useful for researchers who study associations between elevated glucose and adverse health outcomes. These methods should be applicable worldwide across different ethnic groups. Therefore, the objective of our analysis was to determine whether using the fasting glucose and HbA1c together could improve the classification of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in a multiethnic cohort randomly assembled in Canada. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We determined the optimum diagnostic criteria to identify people with abnormal glucose tolerance using fasting plasma glucose, 2-h post-glucose load plasma glucose, and HbA1c in 936 Canadians of South Asian, Chinese, and European descent. RESULTS—The sensitivity of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria to diagnose diabetes compared with the World Health Organization definitions was poor at 48.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.7–61.0). Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the optimum combined cut-point using fasting glucose and HbA1c to diagnose diabetes was a fasting glucose ≥5.7 mmol/l and an HbA1c ≥5.9%. These cut-points were associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 71.7% (60.3–83.1) and 95.0% (93.5–96.4), respectively, a positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 14.3 (9.6–19.0), and a negative LR of 0.3 (0.2–0.4). Significant ethnic variation in the sensitivity and specificity of this approach was observed: 47.4% (24.9–69.8) and 97.6% (95.9–99.4) among Europeans, 78.6% (57.1–100) and 95.9% (93.6–98.2) among Chinese, and 85.2% (71.8–98.6) and 91.3% (88.1–94.6) among South Asians, respectively. Participants with impaired glucose tolerance could not be identified reliably using the fasting glucose or HbA1c alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS—The sensitivity of the ADA criteria to diagnose diabetes is low, and there is substantial variation between ethnic groups. Fasting glucose and HbA1c may be used together to improve the identification of individuals who have diabetes, allowing clinicians to streamline the use of the oral glucose tolerance test.
Animal models of cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: M Janse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Time for primary review 42 days.

When surveying the literature with the intention of evaluating to which extent studies on animal models have contributed to the understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms in patients and in devising therapeutic strategies, one is struck by the differences between supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. In general, in the field of supraventricular arrhythmias there has been a strong interaction between experimental and clinical studies and there can be no doubt that the various animal models have been instrumental in understanding the mechanisms of clinical arrhythmias and in establishing different forms of therapy. Clearly, an animal cannot be transformed into a human patient, but despite species differences and differences in arrhythmogenic factors in animal models and humans, the similarity between arrhythmia mechanisms in experimental models and patients far outweigh the differences.

This similarity is less evident when considering ventricular arrhythmias. There are several reasons for this. First, many ventricular arrhythmias, such as those induced by acute ischaemia, cannot be studied in human patients because they occur unpredictably in situations where electrophysiological changes may develop within minutes. Second, even when in patients acute ischaemia is the trigger for arrhythmias, many other factors may influence arrhythmogenesis, such as the presence of a healed infarct, hypertrophy, dilatation, electrolyte disturbances or heart failure. Third, many factors determine whether, and if so, how often ventricular arrhythmias occur in the setting of acute ischaemia and/or a chronic myocardial infarction, and in experimental models usually only a single factor is taken into account. Still, the knowledge of arrhythmogenic mechanisms derived from animal studies has greatly contributed to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

### 2.1 Re-entrant tachycardias in the presence of accessory atrioventricular pathways

The history of these arrhythmias is rather bizarre because animal studies provided the basic arrhythmia mechanisms long before the syndrome was clinically recognized, because from 1967 onwards clinical studies unravelled in … 

* Corresponding author.
Abstract 20362: Gender Differences in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: a Report from the 1,781 Patient Multinational CTO Registry
Authors: Bimmer E Claessen, Roxana Mehran, Kotaro Obunai, Cosmo Godino, Alaide Chieffo, George D Dangas, Mauro Carlino, Young-Hak Kim, Carlo DiMario, Seung-Jung Park, Gregg W Stone, Antonio Colombo, Jeffrey W Moses, Martin B Leon
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Little is known about gender differences among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTO). Methods: A total of 1,781 patients with...
Choledochal Cyst Comlicated by Acute Cholecystitis and Bypass Obstruction
Authors: HEIDI S. WEISSMANN, MICHAEL GOLD, ROBERT D. GOLDSTEIN, LEROY A. SUGARMAN, LEONARD M. FREEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

An unusual case of malignant degeneration of a choledochal cyst is presented. The presence of acute cholecystitis with the cystic duct originating from the cyst as well as the subsequent obstruction of the cyst-jejunal surgical anastomosis was readily detected with Tc-99m-dimethyl-iminodicetic (Tc-99m-HIDA) cholescintigraphy.
Abnormal expression of protein 4.1 in spermatozoa of infertile men with teratospermia
Authors: R. Rousseaux-Prévost, J. Rousseaux, P. Lesur, F. Collier, A. Gauthier, J.M. Rigot, N. Dalla Venezia, J. Delaunay, P. Saint Pol
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Former BMA chairman fails to have most charges against him dropped
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The previous chairman of the BMA, Jim Johnson, has failed in an application to have thrown out many of the charges of misconduct and deficient professional performance that he faces at the General Medical Council.

His counsel Martin Forde QC submitted that for 27 paragraphs of the charges there was insufficient evidence of fault or lack of evidence to support a finding of impairment.

But the GMC’s fitness to practise panel held that it was too soon to consider impairment and that for almost all the alleged failings on which submissions were made the evidence was sufficient to support a finding of fault.

Mr Johnson, …
Serum levels of adipokines in HIV/HCV co-infected patients and their association with insulin resistance and liver disease severity
Authors: Isabel Fernández de Castro, Juan Berenguer, Dariela Micheloud, María Guzmán-Fulgencio, Jaime Cosín, Emilio Álvarez, Juan Carlos López, Pilar Miralles, Mónica García-Álvarez, Salvador Resino
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Autofluorescence endoscopy versus conventional white light endoscopy for the detection of superficial gastric neoplasia: A prospective comparative study
Authors: M. Kato, M. Kaise, J. Yonezawa, Y. Yoshida, H. Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Preliminary studies have suggested autofluorescence endoscopy (AFE) to be accurate in the diagnosis of gastric tumors. Our prospective blinded study systematically compared AFE with white light endoscopy (WLE) for the detection of superficial gastric neoplasia.An enriched population included 33 patients with superficial gastric neoplasia referred for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 18 control patients undergoing follow-up endoscopy after curative ESD. At the direction of a study coordinator, two endoscopists who were blinded to the patient's history and to each other's findings, performed WLE followed by AFE or performed AFE alone, in random order. Both endoscopists independently recorded the presence of lesions seen at AFE and WLE. All lesions identified in either test were biopsied and the pathological results were used as the gold standard.39 gastric neoplasias were histologically confirmed and 52 non-neoplastic lesions were found to be either WLE- and/or AFE-positive. Sensitivities of WLE and AFE alone were 74 % vs. 64 % (n. s.) and specificities were 83 % vs. 40 % ( P = 0.0003), respectively. WLE followed by AFE had a sensitivity of 69 % (n. s.) and a specificity of 64 % ( P = 0.046 compared with WLE alone). Of all neoplasias finally diagnosed, 13 % (or in the case of elevated neoplasias, 23 %) were detected by AFE but not by WLE.Although one quarter of elevated gastric neoplasias were detected only by AFE, its specificity is poor; therefore its clinical value is limited.
The influence of polymeric properties on chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle formulation and gene silencing
Authors: Xiudong Liu, Kenneth A. Howard, Mingdong Dong, Morten Ø. Andersen, Ulrik L. Rahbek, Mads G. Johnsen, Ole C. Hansen, Flemming Besenbacher, Jørgen Kjems
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Corrected transposition with severe intracardiac deformities with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in a child. Electrophysiologic investigation and surgical correction.
Authors: D W Benson, J J Gallagher, H N Oldham, W C Sealy, R Sterba, M S Spach
Journal: Circulation (1980)

This is a report of a 10-year-old child who underwent surgery for complex congenital heart disease consisting of corrected transposition of the great vessels, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arterisus, severe left-sided atrioventricular (AV) valve insuffieicney (Ebstein's deformity) and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The site of his accessory AV connection was localized preoperatively at a left anterolateral site by isopotential body surface maps and by intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. He successfully underwent surgery for closure of the ventricular septal defect, ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus, replacement of the left-sided AV valve, and interruption of the accessory AV pathway. Unavoidable complete AV block acquired at surgery required subsequent permanent pacemaker therapy.
Genetic susceptibility to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance are located in HLA region.
Authors: E Tuomilehto-Wolf, J Tuomilehto, G A Hitman, A Nissinen, J Stengard, J Pekkanen, P Kivinen, E Kaarsalo, M J Karvonen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To test the hypothesis that the genetic susceptibility to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is the same as that to insulin dependent disease and to see whether glucose intolerance is associated with specific HLA haplotypes. DESIGN--Population based study of men in 1989 first tested for glucose tolerance in 1984. HLA haplotypes, including HLA-A, C, B, DR, and DQ, were defined serologically. HLA haplotype data from a population based Finnish study of childhood diabetes were used for predicting non-insulin dependent diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. SETTING--Two communities in Finland. SUBJECTS--Representative cohort of Finnish men aged 70-89, comprising 98 men with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and a randomly selected group of 74 men, who served as controls, who were tested for glucose tolerance twice within five years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Non-insulin dependent diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, blood glucose concentration. RESULTS--Diabetes associated HLA haplotypes were present in 94% (85/90) of diabetic subjects, 79% (27/34) of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and only 13% (3/23) of non-diabetic subjects. In this group of elderly men sensitivity of the diabetes associated HLA haplotypes for non-insulin dependent diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance was 90%, specificity 87%, and predictive power 97%. Mean fasting blood glucose concentration was only just significantly higher in men with diabetes associated haplotypes than in men with no such haplotypes, but there was a substantial difference in blood glucose values two hours after glucose loading (10.4 and 6.4 mmol/l in men with diabetes associated HLA haplotypes and men with no such haplotypes, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001)). CONCLUSIONS--These findings support the hypothesis that specific HLA haplotypes exhibit a common genetic determinant for insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes. Furthermore, HLA is a major genetic determinant of glucose intolerance in elderly Finnish men. The belief that the HLA predisposition to diabetes is specific for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is largely incorrect.
A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a mixture of human native and recombinant proteinase-3 significantly improves the diagnostic potential for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: J Damoiseaux, C Dähnrich, A Rosemann, C Probst, L Komorowski, C A Stegeman, K Egerer, F Hiepe, P van Paassen, W Stöcker, W Schlumberger, J W Cohen Tervaert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) with a C-ANCA or P-ANCA pattern are detected in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). While in most patients with AAV a C-ANCA pattern is due to reactivity with proteinase-3 (PR3)-ANCA, some C-ANCA-positive sera do not react with PR3.The development and evaluation of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PR3-ANCA with increased sensitivity.A mixture of human native (hn) and human recombinant (hr) PR3 was used as antigen coating. The resulting ELISA (anti-PR3-hn-hr) was compared with ELISAs using directly coated hn-PR3 or hr-PR3, as well as with a hn-PR3 capture ELISA. Assay characteristics were determined in patients with AAV (n = 248), with special attention for those patients with C-ANCA (n = 132), as well as disease controls (n = 585) and healthy controls (n = 429). Additionally, for prediction of relapses serial samples of 46 patients with PR3-AAV were analysed.At a predefined specificity of 99% both ELISAs containing hr-PR3 revealed a substantial increase in sensitivity. For the prediction of relapses by rises in PR3-ANCA titres the capture ELISA was most optimal (odds ratio 12.5). With an odds ratio of 8.9 the novel anti-PR3-hn-hr ELISA was second best.Owing to the very high sensitivity of the novel anti-PR3-hn-hr ELISA for the detection of PR3-ANCA in C-ANCA-positive samples of patients with AAV this assay has an excellent diagnostic performance. This feature is combined with a good predictability of clinical relapses in patients with PR3-AAV. These characteristics challenge the dogma that, for detection of PR3-ANCA, capture ELISAs are superior for diagnosis and follow-up.
Increasing Lung Blood Supply in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: N. R. Barrett, R. Daley
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDBALTSURNAL699mixtures.Furthermore, they reveal that there was no ;reduction in potency when such mixtures were used-in fact, the results obtained with the 10 mg./ml.preparation were virtually perfect, and indicated that 10 mg./ml. of aluminium phosphate is optimal.
Aerosolized nanostructured itraconazole as prophylaxis against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Carlos A. Alvarez, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Jason T. McConville, Jay I. Peters, Laura K. Najvar, John R. Graybill, Jacqueline J. Coalson, Robert L. Talbert, David S. Burgess, Rosie Bocanegra, Keith P. Johnston, Robert O. Williams
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Using Pharmacogenetics to Improve Drug Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Susanne B. Haga
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interstitial pneumonitis secondary to azathioprine in a renal transplant patient.
Authors: D J Carmichael, D V Hamilton, D B Evans, P G Stovin, R Y Calne
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Several cytotoxic agents have been reported to cause lung damage, the commonest being bleomycin, busulphan, and methotrexate.'We wish to report the occurrence of interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with a cadaveric renal and pancreatic allograft receiving prednisolone and azathioprine as immunosuppressive treatment.
Hot-pink bras, cracked knuckles, and bar room brawls are this year's winners at the Ig Nobel awards
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To the delight of the packed crowd at the 19th annual Ig Nobel prize ceremony at Harvard University, one of the winners reached inside the top of her dress and whipped out her hot-pink bra that doubles as a face mask. Another winner raised his hands high for the audience to see the results of cracking the knuckles of his left hand for more than 50 years.

The ceremony, sponsored by the Annals of Improbable Research , awarded prizes in 10 fields for “science that first makes you laugh—and then makes you think.” Ten laureates of the real Nobel prize handed out the awards—a large pair of dice—to the winners, who came from four continents at their own expense to receive their awards.

Dice were selected to symbolise this year’s theme of “risk.” Members of the “Big Bank Opera” performed skits of Wall Street money manipulators in swanky bars where they figure out ways to squeeze profits from …
When Should the Patient with Acquired Valvular Heart Disease Be Operated On?
Authors: Howard B. Burchell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The proper time for surgical intervention in the management of acquired valvular defects is frequently difficult to decide. Surgical therapy of this type of heart disease should be regarded as palliative, not curative, even though complete relief of symptoms may occur. Surgical results are best for stenotic, noncalcified valves. The author recommends operation for mitral stenosis when significant obstruction is evidenced by dyspnea or symptoms of pulmonary hypertension; the risk is minimal. Operations on the aortic valve or the incompetent mitral valve require experience and facilities for direct-vision surgery (pump-oxygenator apparatus). A grossly calcified valve needs replacement by a prosthesis; encouraging results have been obtained in this way, but some years will be required for adequate evaluation.
Varicella Vaccine and Infection with Varicella–Zoster Virus
Authors: Marietta Vázquez, Eugene D. Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Varicella–zoster virus is the cause of both varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). A live attenuated varicella vaccine was developed in Japan in 1974, and in 1995 it was approved for use in the United States. The policy of universal vaccination of susceptible children and adults has had a profound effect on the epidemiology of varicella. Its effect on the epidemiology of zoster remains to be seen, in part because of the long delay between primary infection with varicella–zoster virus and the subsequent occurrence of zoster.Before varicella vaccine was introduced, chickenpox developed in approximately 4 million persons, most of . . .
P119 Changes in airway and systemic IL-18 levels at exacerbation in COPD patients
Authors: A. J. Mackay, G. C. Donaldson, A. R. C. Patel, R. Singh, J. R. Hurst, J. A. Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in COPD pathophysiology, causing pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in murine models. IL-18 receptor expression is increased on alveolar macrophages in COPD.1 IL-18 levels are elevated in serum and sputum of stable COPD patients. We hypothesised that airway and systemic IL-18 concentrations increase further at exacerbation. <h3>Methods</h3> Sputa and sera prospectively collected from the London COPD cohort were analysed using ELISA (eBioscience®, Vienna). Patients had an FEV<sub>1</sub>=80% predicted and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio=0.7. Baseline was defined as at least 6 weeks after, and 2 weeks before, an exacerbation. An exacerbation was defined as an increase for two consecutive days in respiratory symptoms, with at least one major symptom (dyspnoea, sputum purulence or volume) plus another major or minor (wheeze, cold, sore throat or cough) symptom. Exacerbation frequency was calculated from daily diary cards collected over the previous 12 months. When unavailable, patient9s recall of exacerbations over the preceding year was used. Frequent exacerbators had ≥2 exacerbations in the preceding year, infrequent exacerbators &lt;2. <h3>Results</h3> 94 COPD patients had serum analysed, of whom 48 also had sputum analysed. 60% were male, mean age was 71.6 years (SD 8.5), mean FEV<sub>1</sub> predicted 50.6% (18.1). Sputum IL-18 levels increased significantly from baseline to exacerbation (median 1.46 log<sub>10</sub> pg/ml (IQR 0.96–2.01) vs 1.95 (0.96–2.23), n=48, p=0.023, Abstract P119 figure 1). However, serum IL-18 concentrations were not significantly greater at exacerbation compared to paired baseline levels (median 2.17 log<sub>10</sub> pg/ml (1.97–2.37) vs 2.08 (1.91–2.36), n=31, p=0.299).There was no correlation between baseline serum IL-18 concentrations and exacerbation frequency (n=94, ρ=0.096, p=0.357) or FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted (n=93, ρ=0.081, p=0.443). No significant difference was found in baseline serum IL-18 concentrations between frequent and infrequent exacerbators (median 148 pg/ml (95–235; n=46) vs 120 (78–219; n=48), p=0.431). There was no correlation between baseline serum IL-18 concentrations and paired sputum levels (n=42, ρ=−0.149, p=0.348). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Sputum but not serum IL-18 increases at COPD exacerbation. Treatment options for exacerbations are limited and there is a need for novel anti-inflammatories. The results of this study suggest IL-18 as a potential target for exacerbation therapy.
Absence of BRAF-V600E in the human cell lines BONNA-12, ESKOL, HAIR-M, and HC-1 questions their origin from hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Enrico Tiacci, Alessandra Pucciarini, Barbara Bigerna, Valentina Pettirossi, Francesca Strozzini, Maria Paola Martelli, Alessia Tabarrini, Hans G. Drexler, Brunangelo Falini
Journal: Blood (2012)
Posture of the Trunk During the Lifting of Weights
Authors: P. R. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1959)

This paper is an attempt to answer briefly three questions, and then to suggest an explanation of the answers based on the relevant anatomy. The questions are: (1) How are heavy weights lifted ? (2) What part does the trunk play in this ? (3) What damage may be produced ? The answers to the first two questions stem from personal observation of a large number of people engaged in their everyday tasks.