tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remarks on the Treatment of Enteric Fever
Authors: J. S. Bristowe
Journal: BMJ (1880)

IN undertaking to open a discussion on the -extremely -interesting and important subject of the treatment of enteric fever, I did not untdertake to treat-it exhaustively, or to bring before you any novelties of view or practice.But the object which I set before myself vas to discuss (as far as possible by the liight of my persotlal experience} mainly those que;tions of treatme-it wlvich are debatable, or o'n other grounds worthy of special.consideration, in or(ler the more directly to provoke controversy, and to elicit the opinionis and experience of those of you who have opinions or experience to give.The heads under which it was suggested that I should introduce the subject to your consideration, and -which I saw no reason to add to, to subtract from, or to modify, are, as is stated in the notice summoning this meeting, four in nuimber: viz., i. Diet; 2. Mtedicine; 3. Alcohol; 4. Baths.These I proceed to consider serijtisvt.i. Diet.-It was formerly the custom to "starve fevers".During the last thirty or forty years, however, and in no small degree owing to the teachings of the late Dr. Graves, the practice of "feeding fevers" has been very generally adopted; and few, I should think, can doubt the wisdom of the change; for not only are fevers characterised by rapid degradation of tissue, with progressive eiraciation and enfeeblement of system, but experience has demonstrated that fever-patiegts are capable in no inconsiderable degree of :assimilating nourishment, and that the specific symptoms of their diseases are seld.om,if ever, rggravated by its judicious admiinistration.These remarls are especially true of enteric fever, whiich is a disease of long duration, and one in which emaciation and asthenia not only are rapidly developed and apt to become extreme, but are exceptionally slqw to be recovered from.But it is a fever whibcb probably m&ote than Lny other tspecific fver, demands care and judg- ment .inits dietetic management; for its incidence is mainly on-the alimentary canal, and dietetic errors are likely, therefore, to be attended with immediate injurious results.I need scarcely remind you, that Peyer's,-atches and the solitary glands in the tower part of tie small
Course of Muscular Subaortic Stenosis.
Authors: Brent M. Parker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Course of Muscular Subaortic Stenosis.Brent M. Parker, M.D.Brent M. Parker, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1160_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough much has been written about the surgical treatment of hypertrophic muscular subaortic stenosis, little attention has been given to the natural history of patients with this disease followed without surgery. The course of 14 patients followed medically will be compared with published surgical results. Diagnosis of muscular subaortic stenosis was established in all 14 patients by left heart catheterization. Age ranged from 16 to 48. Symptoms included dyspnea (nine), chest pain (five), fatigue (four), and syncope (two). Four patients were asymptomatic. Electrocardiograms showed left ventricular hypertrophy in 12 and patterns resembling anterolateral myocardial infarction in 2. Pressure gradients between... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Missouri PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1160-1160KeywordsFatigueHeartIschemiaLeft ventricular hypertrophyMuscular diseasesMyocardial infarctionNatural history of diseaseStenosisSurgerySyncope Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Early Breast Cancer: Detection and Treatment
Authors: Glen G. Cramer
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Within the next five years, improvement in survival rates in those women with breast cancer should become apparent. This objective, aided by projects sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society, will probably be attained through early detection and treatment. This book presents the edited version of 49 contributors to the 14th Annual Breast Cancer conference. Divided into five sections, the book offers both guidelines in detection of early breast cancer and results of management. The two most rewarding sections are "Detecting Asymptomatic Breast Cancer" and "Management of Early Breast Cancer." Concepts and methodologies such as specimen radiography, mammography and physical examination screening of both asymptomatic and "high-risk" women, team approaches in management, and implementation of screening programs are well presented. The reader will find that in some aspects of mammography, technical factors are discussed but not in sufficient detail. This may well relate to the evolving
The Glucagonoma Syndrome: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: PETER W. STACPOOLE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1981)

Islet cell tumors of the pancreas have been described for over 50 yr. Although carcinoma arising from islet tissue had been noted since the turn of the century (1), not until 1927 was the first case of a hormonally active pancreatic neoplasm, an insulinoma, recorded (2). For many years thereafter, pancreatic endocrine tumors were characterized as either insulin-producing or "nonfunctional," the latter being derived from cells apparently devoid of clinically significant hormonal activity. With time, however, other islet cell secretory products were discovered and their tumors identified with various clinical syndromes. Whereas the hypoglycemia of insulinomas and hyperacidity of gastrinomas figured prominently in the initial recognition of these neoplasms, the clinical signs of glucagon-producing tumors were less readily apparent and not as easily attributable to specific hormone excess. Becker and co-workers (3) are credited with the first description of a glucagonoma. Their case, reported in 1947 but diagnosable only in retrospect, typifies what is now regarded as a classic clinical presentation of the syndrome.
Whole miRNome-Wide Differential Co-Expression of MicroRNAs
Authors: Cord F. Stäehler, Andreas Keller, Petra Leidinger, Christina Backes, Anoop Chandran, Jöerg Wischhusen, Benjamin Meder, Eckart Meese
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract Co-regulation of genes has been extensively analyzed, however, rather limited knowledge is available on co-regulations within the miRNome. We investigated differential co-expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) based on miRNome profiles of whole blood from 540 individuals. These include patients suffering from different cancer and non-cancer diseases, and unaffected controls. Using hierarchical clustering, we found 9 significant clusters of co-expressed miRNAs containing 2–36 individual miRNAs. Through analyzing multiple sequencing alignments in the clusters, we found that co-expression of miRNAs is associated with both sequence similarity and genomic co-localization. We calculated correlations for all 371,953 pairs of miRNAs for all 540 individuals and identified 184 pairs of miRNAs with high correlation values. Out of these 184 pairs of miRNAs, 16 pairs (8.7%) were differentially co-expressed in unaffected controls, cancer patients and patients with non-cancer diseases. By computing correlated and anti-correlated miRNA pairs, we constructed a network with 184 putative co-regulations as edges and 100 miRNAs as nodes. Thereby, we detected specific clusters of miRNAs with high and low correlation values. Our approach represents the most comprehensive co-regulation analysis based on whole miRNome-wide expression profiling. Our findings further decrypt the interactions of miRNAs in normal and human pathological processes.
Use of coculture of colonic mucosal biopsies to investigate the release of eicosanoids by inflamed and uninflamed mucosa from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: T D Wardle, L Hall, L A Turnberg
Journal: Gut (1992)

Eicosanoid production was measured in cultured biopsies of colonic mucosa from control patients, with the irritable bowel syndrome, and from patients with proctosigmoiditis and with colonic Crohn9s disease. Cultured inflamed colonic mucosa from patients with proctosigmoiditis and Crohn9s disease produced more prostaglandin E2 and leukotrienes C4 than control tissues. In addition, eicosanoid production by macroscopically uninflamed or 9quiescent9 mucosa from the right colon was examined in patients with proctosigmoiditis and between skip lesions in Crohn9s disease patients. In the proctosigmoiditis group quiescent mucosa produced eicosanoids in similar quantities to control tissue. Coculture of quiescent plus inflamed tissue however, generated a marked increase in eicosanoid output in 12 of 20 of the patients and this was similar to the quantity obtained from two pieces of inflamed tissue. In the Crohn9s disease group, quiescent mucosa produced more eicosanoids than control mucosa but production was markedly stimulated by coculture with inflamed mucosa in all patients. These findings suggest that in some patients with proctosigmoiditis and in all patients with Crohn9s disease quiescent mucosa appears to be sensitised. A small but significant increase in the macrophage population may be partly responsible but it is likely that these and other cells are primed to release eicosanoids, and may be induced to do so by soluble mediators produced by actively inflamed tissue.
Is C-Reactive Protein an Inflammation Opsonin That Signals Colon Cancer Risk?
Authors: Boris Pasche
Journal: JAMA (2004)

OLORECTAL CANCER IS A LEADING CAUSE OF CANCERrelated morbidity and mortality in the Western world. A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer. Recent data suggest that the risk of colorectal cancer for individuals with IBD increases by 0.5% to 1.0% yearly, 8 to 10 years after diagnosis. 1 The magnitude of colorectal cancer risk increases with early age at IBD diagnosis,longerdurationofsymptoms,andextentofthedis
Abstract LB-46: C/EBPα acts as tumor suppressor in lung cancer by inhibiting the proto-oncogene Bmi-1.
Authors: Elena Levantini, Daniela S. Basseres, Wen Cai Zhang, Robert S. Welner, Meritxell Alberich-Jorda', Kol Jia Yong, Bhavin M. Thakkar, Junyan Zhang, Chiara Battelli, Christopher J. Hetherington, Min Ye, Karen O'Brien, Maria Cristina Magli, Marie Loh, Min En Nga, Yin Huei Pang, Alain C. Borczuk, Lyuba Varticovski, Olivier Kocher, Pu Zhang, Ross A. Soo, Bing Lim, Balazs Halmos, Daniel G. Tenen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract C/EBPα gene expression is frequently lost in non-small cell lung cancer, suggesting it acts as a tumor suppressor. Here, we generated an inducible lung-specific mouse model of C/EBPα deletion (C/EBPαLung-Δ mice) that develops lung adenocarcinomas. We observed that C/EBPα excision results in upregulation of Bmi-1, and that tumor initiation strictly depends on Bmi-1 gene dosage, as C/EBPαLung-Δ mice carrying only one functional Bmi-1 allele escape tumorigenesis. Accordingly, C/EBPα negative human adenocarcinomas show elevated Bmi-1 expression, in line with our observation that C/EBPα acts as tumor suppressor in lung cells by directly inhibiting Bmi-1 transcription. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of Bmi-1 impairs the ability of C/EBPα null adenocarcinoma cells to form tumors in xenografts. Overall, we have identified Bmi-1 as a critical therapeutic target in those patients carrying abnormal C/EBPα function. Citation Format: Elena Levantini, Daniela S. Basseres, Wen Cai Zhang, Robert S. Welner, Meritxell Alberich-Jorda’, Kol Jia Yong, Bhavin M. Thakkar, Junyan Zhang, Chiara Battelli, Christopher J. Hetherington, Min Ye, Karen O'Brien, Maria Cristina Magli, Marie Loh, Min En Nga, Yin Huei Pang, Alain C. Borczuk, Lyuba Varticovski, Olivier Kocher, Pu Zhang, Ross A. Soo, Bing Lim, Balazs Halmos, Daniel G. Tenen. C/EBPα acts as tumor suppressor in lung cancer by inhibiting the proto-oncogene Bmi-1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-46. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-46
THE TREATMENT OF DEEP ROENTGEN-RAY BURNS BY EXCISION AND TISSUE SHIFTING
Authors: JOHN STAIGE DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

It would be rational to expect that, with the advances made in the knowledge of the proper dosage of roentgen rays, burns from this source would become less and less frequent. As a matter of fact, this does not seem to be the case, as in my own practice I am seeing these burns even more frequently than five years ago, when I<sup>1</sup>presented a paper on the radical treatment of roentgen-ray burns before the American Surgical Association. This report and the papers written since then by Porter and Wolbach,<sup>2</sup>Bevan,<sup>3</sup>E. G. Blair,<sup>4</sup>McArthur<sup>5</sup>and others have apparently had little effect on those who first see and treat the majority of these cases. For this reason, I am again bringing the subject forward, as I feel that it is of sufficient importance to warrant further discussion.
Points: Depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressants
Authors: F. W Engstrom
Journal: BMJ (1988)

American Society of Anaesthesiologists' (ASA) grade system (ASA I, healthy patient; ASA II, mild systemic disease; ASA III, severe, non- incapacitating systemic disease; ASA IV, severe, incapacitating systemic disease which is a constant threat to life; and ASA V, moribund patient, not expected to live for 24 hours with or without surgery) abnormal values were found in 1-5% of patients in grade I, 17% in grade II, 35% in grade III, and 48% in grades IV and V.' In addition, most abnormal values in patients in grade II were minor and not clinically important.Therefore patients in grades I and II do not need routine estimations of urea and electrolyte concentrations whereas those in grades III, IV, and V do, as the results are much more likely to be abnormal.I therefore suggest that this grading system, which could be easily learnt by junior medical staff, would be more appropriate than age as an indicator of the need for biochemical screening preoperatively.
Amiloride. Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological activity in the dog.
Authors: H J Duff, W M Lester, M Rahmberg
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Amiloride, a widely used diuretic, has multiple pharmacological actions, including inhibition of the sodium-hydronium ion and the sodium-calcium exchanger in heart. In terms of cardiac electrophysiology, amiloride prolongs action potential duration without alteration in upstroke velocity of phase 0 in Purkinje fibers. The antiarrhythmic efficacy of amiloride was assessed in a model of inducible sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 16 dogs late after 2-hour occlusion-reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sixteen animals were studied: Four were randomly assigned to placebo, and 12 were assigned to amiloride treatment. Prolonged loading and maintenance infusions were designed to produce amiloride concentrations over the range achievable in humans. Animals were chronically instrumented to allow electrophysiological measures of conduction and refractoriness in the left ventricular infarct and border zones. Of the 12 animals treated with amiloride, six responded with inability to induce ventricular tachyarrhythmias, whereas of the four animals treated with placebo, none responded. The mean infarct size of the six animals responding to amiloride (12 +/- 5%) was significantly less than that of the six animals not responding to amiloride (20 +/- 8%). Overall, the only electrophysiological effect of amiloride observed in this study was prolongation of border zone ventricular refractoriness. This electrophysiological effect was accentuated in animals responding to amiloride. In addition, when animals were subdivided into responders, partial responders, or nonresponders, the border zone repolarization time was prolonged in responders and partial responders, whereas this measure shortened in nonresponding animals. Amiloride has antiarrhythmic activity in the suppression of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in this postinfarction model.
Role of neutrophils in a mouse model of halothane-induced liver injury
Authors: Qiang You, Linling Cheng, Timothy P. Reilly, Dale Wegmann, Cynthia Ju
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety concern in drug development. Its prediction and prevention have been hindered by limited knowledge of the underlying mechanisms, in part the result of a lack of animal models. We developed a mouse model of halothane-induced liver injury and characterized the mechanisms accounting for tissue damage. Female and male Balb/c, DBA/1, and C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with halothane. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and histology were evaluated to determine liver injury. Balb/c mice were found to be the most susceptible strain, followed by DBA/1, with no significant hepatotoxicity observed in C57BL/6J mice. Female Balb/c and DBA/1 mice developed more severe liver damage compared with their male counterparts. Bioactivation of halothane occurred similarly in all three strains based on detection of liver proteins adducted by the reactive metabolite. Mechanistic investigations revealed that hepatic message levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β); IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly higher in halothane-treated Balb/c mice compared to DBA/1 and C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, a higher number of neutrophils were recruited into the liver of Balb/c mice upon halothane treatment compared with DBA/1, with no obvious neutrophil infiltration detected in C57BL/6J mice. Neutrophil depletion experiments demonstrated a crucial role for these cells in the development of halothane-induced liver injury. The halothane-initiated hepatotoxicity and innate immune response-mediated escalation of tissue damage are consistent with events that occur in many cases of DILI. In conclusion , our model provides a platform for elucidating strain-based and gender-based susceptibility factors in DILI development. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
US parents take government to court over MMR vaccine
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Treatment of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with the short-lived NO donor <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione triggers apoptosis through the release of mitochondrial mediators. However, continuous supply of NO by long-lived NO donors protected cells from apoptosis through mechanisms that involved the maintenance or an increase in the levels of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) cIAP-1, cIAP-2, and xIAP and decreases in the accumulation of p53 and in the levels and targeting of Bax to the mitochondria. As a result of these changes, the activation of caspases 9 and 3 was notably delayed, expanding the time of viability of the macrophages. Moreover, inhibition of NO synthase 2 activity after 8 h of stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells with LPS and IFN-γ accelerated apoptosis via an increase in the processing and activation of caspases. These data suggest that NO exerts an important role in the autoregulation of apoptosis in macrophages.
FIRST VALIDATION OF POINT-OF-CARE CYP2C19 GENETIC TESTING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY WITH THE VERIGENE NUCLEIC ACID ASSAY
Authors: Paul A. Gurbel, Kevin P. Bliden, Mark Antonino, Anu Verma, Young-Hoon Jeong, Udaya S. Tantry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A NEW PROCEDURE (PUNCH OPERATION) FOR SMALL PROSTATIC BARS AND CONTRACTURE OF THE PROSTATIC ORIFICE
Authors: HUGH HAMPTON YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In 1836, Mercier first vigorously called attention to the occasional occurrence of obstructions at the prostatic orifice in cases other than prostatic hypertrophy, and gave them the name of<i>valvules du col de la vessie</i>. He described quite accurately the elevation of the median portion of the prostate in the form of a bar, which he said in some cases was due to muscular hypertrophy, and in others to a glandular enlargement in this region. Mercier devised an instrument somewhat like a lithotrite by means of which he operated in a number of cases with fair success, but his operation was never adopted and soon fell into disuse. Later French writers, particularly those of the Guyon school, departing from Mercier's teachings, have attributed the condition to lack of bladder tonicity, and the term<i>prostatisme sans prostate</i>has been quite generally used to describe this condition, which they believed to be
Symptomatic gastric sarcoidosis with multiple antral ulcers
Authors: T. Akiyama, H. Endo, M. Inamori, H. Iida, K. Hosono, K. Fujita, M. Yoneda, H. Takahashi, A. Goto, Y. Abe, H. Kirikoshi, N. Kobayashi, K. Kubota, S. Saito, K. Nagahama, Y. Inayama, A. Nakajima
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas. Although it affects many systems, the disease has a predilection for the intrathoracic structures. Almost 90 % of sarcoidosis patients have granulomas in the lungs and/or hilar nodes [1]. Gastrointestinal tract involvement in sarcoidosis is rare. Gastric sarcoidosis, particularly involving the antrum, affects approximately 10 % of patients with systemic disease [2]. Gastrointestinal sarcoidosis commonly occurs subclinically, with clinical manifestations present in only 0.1 % – 0.9 % of patients with the disease. This is a rare case report of an individual with symptomatic gastric sarcoidosis.
PERCUTANEOUS REVASCULARIZATION IN MULTIVESSEL CORONARY DISEASE IS IMPROVED WITH EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT DEPLOYMENT: POOLED ANALYSIS FROM THE SPIRIT II IIIIV AND COMPARE TRIALS
Authors: Dean J. Kereiakes, Pieter C. Smits, Elvin Kedhi, Helen Parise, Martin Fahy, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Role of Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy in Relation to Chest Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function in the Evaluation of Candidates for Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Authors: ROBERT THURNHEER, HERMANN ENGEL, WALTER WEDER, UZ STAMMBERGER, IRÈNE LAUBE, ERICH W. RUSSI, KONRAD E. BLOCH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Lung perfusion scintigraphy is employed to evaluate patients with severe emphysema who are candidates for lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Our purpose was to investigate the role of scintigraphy in relation to chest computed tomography (CT) and lung function in this setting. Six observers blinded to clinical data retrospectively scored preoperative scintigrams of 70 patients undergoing bilateral video-assisted LVRS according to the distribution of lung perfusion as homogeneous, intermediately heterogeneous, or markedly heterogeneous. Heterogeneity of emphysema distribution was also assessed by chest CT. Dyspnea and pulmonary function were measured preoperatively and 3 mo postoperatively. In 42 patients with markedly heterogeneous, in 18 with intermediately heterogeneous, and in 10 with homogeneous perfusion, mean ( ± SE) FEV1 increased by 57 ± 8% (p < 0.0001), 38 ± 9% (p < 0.001), and 23 ± 9% (p = NS) (p = NS for intergroup comparisons). In a multiple regression analysis, functional improvement after LVRS was more closely correlated with preoperative hyperinflation and the degree of emphysema heterogeneity estimated by chest CT than with the degree of perfusion heterogeneity assessed by scintigraphy. In 16 of 22 patients with homogeneous emphysema distribution in the chest CT scintigraphy revealed intermediately or markedly heterogeneous perfusion. We conclude that lung perfusion scintigraphy has a limited role in prediction of outcome, but it may help to identify target areas for resection in LVRS candidates with homogeneous CT morphology.