tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is your prescription of distance running shoes evidence-based?
Authors: C E Richards, P J Magin, R Callister
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

To determine whether the current practice of prescribing distance running shoes featuring elevated cushioned heels and pronation control systems tailored to the individual's foot type is evidence-based.MEDLINE (1950-May 2007), CINAHL (1982-May 2007), EMBASE (1980-May 2007), PsychInfo (1806-May 2007), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2(nd) Quarter 2007), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials (2(nd) Quarter 2007), SPORTSDiscus (1985-May 2007) and AMED (1985-May 2007).English language articles were identified via keyword and medical subject headings (MeSH) searches of the above electronic databases. With these searches and the subsequent review process, controlled trials or systematic reviews were sought in which the study population included adult recreational or competitive distance runners, the exposure was distance running, the intervention evaluated was a running shoe with an elevated cushioned heel and pronation control systems individualised to the wearer's foot type, and the outcome measures included either running injury rates, distance running performance, osteoarthritis risk, physical activity levels, or overall health and wellbeing. The quality of these studies and their findings were then evaluated.No original research that met the study criteria was identified either directly or via the findings of the six systematic reviews identified.The prescription of this shoe type to distance runners is not evidence-based.
Neuropsychological Profiles of Children With Type 1 Diabetes 6 Years After Disease Onset
Authors: Elisabeth A. Northam, Peter J. Anderson, Rani Jacobs, Matthew Hughes, Garry L Warne, George A. Werther
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To describe neuropsychological profiles and their relationship to metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes 6 years after the onset of disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Children with type 1 diabetes (n = 90), aged 6–17 years, who had previously been assessed soon after diagnosis and 2 years later, were reevaluated 6 years after the onset of disease. Their neuropsychological profiles were compared with those of individuals in a community control group (n = 84), who had been assessed at similar intervals. Relationships between illness variables, such as age at the onset of disease and metabolic control history, and neuropsychological status were also examined. RESULTS—Six years after onset of disease, children with type 1 diabetes performed more poorly than control subjects on measures of intelligence, attention, processing speed, long-term memory, and executive skills. Attention, processing speed, and executive skills were particularly affected in children with onset of disease before 4 years of age, whereas severe hypoglycemia was associated with lower verbal and full-scale intelligence quotient scores. CONCLUSIONS—Neuropsychological profiles of children with type 1 diabetes 6 years after the onset of disease are consistent with subtle compromise of anterior and medial temporal brain regions. Severe hypoglycemia, particularly in very young children, is the most plausible explanation for neuropsychological deficits, but the contributory role of chronic hyperglycemia warrants further exploration.
Metformin reduces airway glucose permeability and hyperglycaemia-induced<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>load independently of effects on blood glucose
Authors: James P Garnett, Emma H Baker, Sonam Naik, Jodi A Lindsay, Gwenan M Knight, Simren Gill, John S Tregoning, Deborah L Baines
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Diabetes is a risk factor for respiratory infection, and hyperglycaemia is associated with increased glucose in airway surface liquid and risk of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate whether elevation of basolateral/blood glucose concentration promotes airway <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> growth and whether pretreatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin affects this relationship. <h3>Methods</h3> Human airway epithelial cells grown at air–liquid interface (±18 h pre-treatment, 30 μM–1 mM metformin) were inoculated with 5×10<sup>5</sup> colony-forming units (CFU)/cm<sup>2</sup><i>S aureus</i> 8325-4 or JE2 or <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PA01 on the apical surface and incubated for 7 h. Wild-type C57BL/6 or db/db (leptin receptor-deficient) mice, 6–10 weeks old, were treated with intraperitoneal phosphate-buffered saline or 40 mg/kg metformin for 2 days before intranasal inoculation with 1×10<sup>7</sup> CFU <i>S aureus</i>. Mice were culled 24 h after infection and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected. <h3>Results</h3> Apical <i>S aureus</i> growth increased with basolateral glucose concentration in an in vitro airway epithelia–bacteria co-culture model. <i>S aureus</i> reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (R<sub>T</sub>) and increased paracellular glucose flux. Metformin inhibited the glucose-induced growth of <i>S aureus</i>, increased R<sub>T</sub> and decreased glucose flux. Diabetic (db/db) mice infected with <i>S aureus</i> exhibited a higher bacterial load in their airways than control mice after 2 days and metformin treatment reversed this effect. Metformin did not decrease blood glucose but reduced paracellular flux across ex vivo murine tracheas. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Hyperglycaemia promotes respiratory <i>S aureus</i> infection, and metformin modifies glucose flux across the airway epithelium to limit hyperglycaemia-induced bacterial growth. Metformin might, therefore, be of additional benefit in the prevention and treatment of respiratory infection.
Nanocrystals for enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs
Authors: Varaporn Buraphacheep Junyaprasert, Boontida Morakul
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

Nanocrystals, a carrier-free colloidal delivery system in nano-sized range, is an interesting approach for poorly soluble drugs. Nanocrystals provide special features including enhancement of saturation solubility, dissolution velocity and adhesiveness to surface/cell membranes. Several strategies are applied for nanocrystals production including precipitation, milling, high pressure homogenization and combination methods such as NanoEdge™, SmartCrystal and Precipitation-lyophilization-homogenization (PLH) technology. For oral administration, many publications reported useful advantages of nanocrystals to improve in vivo performances i.e. pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and targeted delivery which were discussed in this review. Additionally, transformation of nanocrystals to final formulations and future trends of nanocrystals were also described.
Mycoplasma pneumonia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and chronic obliterative bronchitis.
Authors: C Edwards, M Penny, J Newman
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a variant of erythema multiforme characterised by a polymorphous vesicular and bull- ous eruption of the skin and mucous membranes, with systemic manifestations of variable severity.'Pulmonary complications, which may be fatal, generally occur during the acute phase of the illness.2-4In this paper we present a patient who died of a chronic obliterative bronchitis 10 months after the rash had resolved. Case reportAn 8 year old girl was admitted on 4 January 1982 with a vesicular and papular rash involving the skin, mouth, and vulva.Six days before she had developed a respiratory
Artificial neural networks for diagnosis and survival prediction in colon cancer
Authors: Farid E Ahmed
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2005)

Abstract ANNs are nonlinear regression computational devices that have been used for over 45 years in classification and survival prediction in several biomedical systems, including colon cancer. Described in this article is the theory behind the three-layer free forward artificial neural networks with backpropagation error, which is widely used in biomedical fields, and a methodological approach to its application for cancer research, as exemplified by colon cancer. Review of the literature shows that applications of these networks have improved the accuracy of colon cancer classification and survival prediction when compared to other statistical or clinicopathological methods. Accuracy, however, must be exercised when designing, using and publishing biomedical results employing machine-learning devices such as ANNs in worldwide literature in order to enhance confidence in the quality and reliability of reported data.
Evidence-Based Interventions to Improve the Palliative Care of Pain, Dyspnea, and Depression at the End of Life: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Vincenza Snow, Paul Shekelle, Donald E. Casey, J. Thomas Cross, Douglas K. Owens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Recommendation 1: In patients with serious illness at the end of life, clinicians should regularly assess patients for pain, dyspnea, and depression. (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence.) Recommendation 2: In patients with serious illness at the end of life, clinicians should use therapies of proven effectiveness to manage pain. For patients with cancer, this includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and bisphosphonates. (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence.) Recommendation 3: In patients with serious illness at the end of life, clinicians should use therapies of proven effectiveness to manage dyspnea, which include opioids in patients with unrelieved dyspnea and oxygen for short-term relief of hypoxemia. (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence.) Recommendation 4: In patients with serious illness at the end of life, clinicians should use therapies of proven effectiveness to manage depression. For patients with cancer, this includes tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or psychosocial intervention. (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence.) Recommendation 5: Clinicians should ensure that advance care planning, including completion of advance directives, occurs for all patients with serious illness. (Grade: strong recommendation, low quality of evidence.)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism interacts with left ventricular ejection fraction and brain natriuretic peptide levels to predict mortality after myocardial infarction
Authors: Barry R Palmer, Anna P Pilbrow, Tim G Yandle, Chris M Frampton, A.Mark Richards, M.Gary Nicholls, Vicky A Cameron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1–Positive Cancer Stem Cells Mediate Metastasis and Poor Clinical Outcome in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Christophe Ginestier, Flora Iovino, Carole Tarpin, Mark Diebel, Benjamin Esterni, Gilles Houvenaeghel, Jean-Marc Extra, François Bertucci, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Luc Xerri, Gabriela Dontu, Giorgio Stassi, Yi Xiao, Sanford H. Barsky, Daniel Birnbaum, Patrice Viens, Max S. Wicha
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

To examine the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in mediating metastasis in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and the association of these cells with patient outcome in this aggressive type of breast cancer.CSCs were isolated from SUM149 and MARY-X, an IBC cell line and primary xenograft, by virtue of increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity as assessed by the ALDEFLUOR assay. Invasion and metastasis of CSC populations were assessed by in vitro and mouse xenograft assays. Expression of ALDH1 was determined on a retrospective series of 109 IBC patients and this was correlated with histoclinical data. All statistical tests were two sided. Log-rank tests using Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine the correlation of ALDH1 expression with development of metastasis and patient outcome.Both in vitro and xenograft assays showed that invasion and metastasis in IBC are mediated by a cellular component that displays ALDH activity. Furthermore, expression of ALDH1 in IBC was an independent predictive factor for early metastasis and decreased survival in this patient population.These results suggest that the metastatic, aggressive behavior of IBC may be mediated by a CSC component that displays ALDH enzymatic activity. ALDH1 expression represents the first independent prognostic marker to predict metastasis and poor patient outcome in IBC. The results illustrate how stem cell research can translate into clinical practice in the IBC field.
Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Induced Apoptosis of Melanoma Cells by the ARC Protein
Authors: Li Hua Chen, Chen Chen Jiang, Ralph Watts, Rick F. Thorne, Kelly A. Kiejda, Xu Dong Zhang, Peter Hersey
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We have shown previously that most melanoma cell lines are insensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–induced apoptosis, but resistance can be reversed through activation of caspase-4 by inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway. We report in this study that apoptosis was induced by the ER stress inducer thapsigargin or tunicamycin via a caspase-8–mediated pathway in the melanoma cell line Me1007, although the MEK/ERK pathway was activated in this cell line. The high sensitivity of Me1007 to ER stress–induced apoptosis was associated with low expression levels of the apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) protein that was expressed at relatively high levels in the resistant melanoma cell lines. Transfection of cDNA encoding ARC into Me1007 cells inhibited both caspase-8 activation and apoptosis induced by thapsigargin or tunicamycin. In contrast, inhibition of ARC by small interfering RNA knockdown sensitized the resistant melanoma cell lines to ER stress–induced apoptosis, which was inhibitable by blockage of caspase-8 activation. Both exogenous and endogenous ARC seemed to predominantly locate to the cytoplasm and mitochondria and could be coimmunoprecipitated with caspase-8. Taken together, ER stress can potentially activate multiple apoptosis signaling pathways in melanoma cells in a context-dependent manner. Whereas the MEK/ERK signaling pathway plays an important role in inhibiting ER stress–induced caspase-4 activation, ARC seems to be critical in blocking activation of casapse-8 in melanoma cells subjected to ER stress. [Cancer Res 2008;68(3):834–42]
Endogenous adenosine enhances vagal negative chronotropic effect during hypoxia in the anaesthetised rabbit
Authors: G. Verlato, P. Borgdorff
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Endogenous adenosine enhances vagal negative chronotropic effect during hypoxia in the anaesthetised rabbit Get access Giuseppe Verlato, Giuseppe Verlato G Verlato, P Borgdorff, Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Correspondence to: Dr Verlato at Istituto di Fisiologia Umana, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 37134 Verona, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Piet Borgdorff Piet Borgdorff G Verlato, P Borgdorff, Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 7, July 1990, Pages 532–539, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.7.532 Published: 01 July 1990 Article history Received: 07 November 1989 Accepted: 13 March 1990 Published: 01 July 1990
CYCLOSPORIN A TO PREVENT GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN MAN AFTER ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: R.L. Powles, H.M. Clink, D. Spence, G. Morgenstern, J.G. Watson, P.J. Selby, M. Woods, A. Barrett, Beryl Jameson, J. Sloane, S.D. Lawler, H.E.M. Kay, D. Lawson, T.J. McElwain, P. Alexander
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in a ten year old girl
Authors: FA Ratjen, B Schoenfeld, HG Wiesemann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare lung disease, characterized by progressive formation of intra-alveolar calculi in response to an unknown stimulus. We report an unusual presentation of PAM in a 10 year old girl with clinically significant interstitial lung disease and histological evidence of both PAM and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. A rapid improvement of pulmonary function and exercise tolerance was seen in response to glucosteroid therapy.
T-bet negatively regulates autoimmune myocarditis by suppressing local production of interleukin 17
Authors: Manu Rangachari, Nora Mauermann, René R. Marty, Stephan Dirnhofer, Michael O. Kurrer, Vukoslav Komnenovic, Josef M. Penninger, Urs Eriksson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) appears after infectious heart disease, the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. Here we report that mice lacking T-bet, a T-box transcription factor required for T helper (Th)1 cell differentiation and interferon (IFN)-gamma production, develop severe autoimmune heart disease compared to T-bet+/+ control mice. Experiments in T-bet-/- IL-4-/- and T-bet-/- IL-4Ralpha-/- mice, as well as transfer of heart-specific Th1 and Th2 cell lines, showed that autoimmune heart disease develops independently of Th1 or Th2 polarization. Analysis of T-bet-/- IL-12Rbeta1-/- and T-bet-/- IL-12p35-/- mice then identified interleukin (IL)-23 as critical for EAM pathogenesis. In addition, T-bet-/- mice showed a marked increase in production of the IL-23-dependent cytokine IL-17 by heart-infiltrating lymphocytes, and in vivo IL-17 depletion markedly reduced EAM severity in T-bet-/- mice. Heart-infiltrating T-bet-/- CD8+ but not CD8- T cells secrete IFN-gamma, which inhibits IL-17 production and protects against severe EAM. In contrast, T-bet-/- CD8+ lymphocytes completely lost their capacity to release IFN-gamma within the heart. Collectively, these data show that severe IL-17-mediated EAM can develop in the absence of T-bet, and that T-bet can regulate autoimmunity via the control of nonspecific CD8+ T cell bystander functions in the inflamed target organ.
Effects of lipopolysaccharide on TNF-α production, hepatic NOS2 activity, and hepatic toxicity in rats with cirrhosis
Authors: Jörg Heller, Philippe Sogni, Eric Barrière, Khalid A Tazi, Laurence Chauvelot-Moachon, Marie-Christine Guimont, Phuong Nhi Bories, Odile Poirel, Richard Moreau, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Genetics and Prognostication in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Revelations from Deep Sequencing
Authors: Marina Parry, Matthew J.J. Rose-Zerilli, Viktor Ljungström, Jane Gibson, Jun Wang, Renata Walewska, Helen Parker, Anton Parker, Zadie Davis, Anne Gardiner, Neil McIver-Brown, Christina Kalpadakis, Aliki Xochelli, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Claudia Fazi, David Gonzalez de Castro, Claire Dearden, Guy Pratt, Richard Rosenquist, Margaret Ashton-Key, Francesco Forconi, Andrew Collins, Paolo Ghia, Estella Matutes, Gerassimos Pangalis, Kostas Stamatopoulos, David Oscier, Jonathan C. Strefford
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Mounting evidence supports the clinical significance of gene mutations and immunogenetic features in common mature B-cell malignancies.We undertook a detailed characterization of the genetic background of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), using targeted resequencing and explored potential clinical implications in a multinational cohort of 175 patients with SMZL.We identified recurrent mutations in TP53 (16%), KLF2 (12%), NOTCH2 (10%), TNFAIP3 (7%), MLL2 (11%), MYD88 (7%), and ARID1A (6%), all genes known to be targeted by somatic mutation in SMZL. KLF2 mutations were early, clonal events, enriched in patients with del(7q) and IGHV1-2*04 B-cell receptor immunoglobulins, and were associated with a short median time to first treatment (0.12 vs. 1.11 years; P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, mutations in NOTCH2 [HR, 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-4.4; P = 0.044] and 100% germline IGHV gene identity (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.05-4.55; P = 0.036) were independent markers of short time to first treatment, whereas TP53 mutations were an independent marker of short overall survival (HR, 2.36; 95 % CI, 1.08-5.2; P = 0.03).We identify key associations between gene mutations and clinical outcome, demonstrating for the first time that NOTCH2 and TP53 gene mutations are independent markers of reduced treatment-free and overall survival, respectively.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in Sardinian breast cancer families and their implications for genetic counseling
Authors: G. Palmieri, G. Palomba, A. Cossu, M. Pisano, M.F. Dedola, M.G. Sarobba, A. Farris, N. Olmeo, A. Contu, A. Pasca, M.P. Satta, I. Persico, A.A. Carboni, P. Cossu-Rocca, M. Contini, J. Mangion, M.R. Stratton, F. Tanda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Physiotherapy exercises and back pain: a blinded review.
Authors: B W Koes, L M Bouter, H Beckerman, G J van der Heijden, P G Knipschild
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To determine the quality of randomised controlled trials of exercise therapy for back pain.Computer aided search of published papers and blinded assessment of the methods of studies.23 randomised controlled trials, of which 16 studied exercise therapy given by physiotherapists to individual patients with back pain. Other conservative treatments could be included.Score for quality of methods (based on four main categories: study population, interventions, measurement of effect, and data presentation and analysis) and main conclusion of author(s) with regard to exercise therapy.Only four studies scored more than 50 points (maximum 100), indicating that most were of poor quality. Six studies found that exercise was better than reference treatments and 10 reported it to be no better or worse than the reference treatment. Those reporting positive results tended to have higher methods scores (4/6 positive v 4/10 negative scored greater than or equal to 42).No conclusion can be drawn about whether exercise therapy is better than other conservative treatments for back pain or whether a specific type of exercise is more effective. Further trials are needed in which greater attention is paid to methods of study.
Prospective cytopathological study of bronchial washing for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Tinatin Mamaladze, Marina Kikvidze, Lali Mikiashvili
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: TB diagnosis is mostly complicated and late in sputum smear negative cases. Bronchial washing cytopathological study may be useful for early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as macrophages can respond to a variety of cellular signals and response to local cues.

Aim: Assessment of possibility of involvement bronchial washing cytopathology in PTB diagnosis as one of the most valuable and rapid method in order to improve surveillance and care of TB-infection.

Methods: 53 sputum smear negative adult patients had undergone diagnostic investigations including CXR, bronchoscopy, bacteriological, immunological and cytopathological tests. Cytopathologically TB diagnosis was established when elements of TB-granuloma and multinuclear macrophages were found in the bronchial washing's smears. All results were compared to bacteriological data (gold standard”).

Results: From patients, 25 were diagnosed cytopathologically as PTB. In 19 cases results were confirmed by “gold standard” and in 6 case – excluded. Notable, that from 19 PTB patients, 11's bronchial washing's smears were negative. From 28 patients, where TB cytopathologically wasn't suspected, in 5 cases PTB was confirmed by bacteriological tests. Hence, cytopathological study's Se was 76% and Sp – 82%, +PV - 79% and -PV-79%, LR+ - 4,26 and LR- was 0,29.

CONCLUSIONS: Presented study showed quit high specificity in PTB diagnosis. Main strategic focus was that bronchial washing's samples were sensitive to multinuclear macrophages. and thus, it can be performed a powerful diagnostic tool. Though, further fundamental researches and envelopment of cytospine method in PTB diagnosis is needed.