tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of shoulder internal rotator muscle strength in baseball players with physical signs of glenohumeral joint instability
Authors: D L Falla, S Hess, C Richardson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Objectives: To identify whether subjects with glenohumeral translational instability present with a strength deficit in their internal rotator musculature, and therefore to determine if general strengthening exercises are warranted for the management of this condition. Methods: Eighteen male baseball players were allocated to two groups on the basis of expert clinical evaluation of the presence (n = 8) or absence (n = 10) of shoulder translational instability. A strain gauge was used to calculate the force generated during maximal isometric internal rotation contractions in neutral shoulder rotation and 30° of internal rotation. Results: The Mann-Whitney test identified no significant difference in force production during the maximum contractions in neutral rotation between the two subject groups. In the position of 30° shoulder internal rotation, subjects with glenohumeral translational instability produced significantly greater force than the control group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: High load strength testing cannot be used as a diagnostic tool to identify people with glenohumeral instability. Similarly, heavy resistance strengthening exercises for the internal rotator musculature are not warranted during rehabilitation.
The Coagulant and Thrombogenic Properties of Human Atheroma
Authors: CHARLES L. LYFORD, WILLIAM E. CONNOR, JOHN C. HOAK, EMORY D. WARNER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Suspensions of gruel from severely atherosclerotic human aortas and coronary arteries were tested in several coagulation systems. The atheromatous material shortened the clotting time of normal whole blood and plasma and accelerated thrombus formation time in the Chandler apparatus. Normal human platelets in platelet-rich plasma were aggregated by the atheromatous gruel. Aggregation did not occur when the gruel was added to platelet-rich plasma from a patient with a severe factor XII (Hageman) deficiency. The intravenous injection of atheromatous plaque suspensions into rats caused thrombocytopenia, shortening of the whole blood clotting time, and thrombosis. Coagulation of blood from patients with classical hemophilia, with Hageman factor deficiency, and with coumarin-induced anticoagulant effect was accelerated by the addition of the atheromatous gruel. Blood from patients given heparin, however, largely retained its anticoagulant activity. Atheromatous material from both aortic and coronary arteries behaved similarly in the systems tested. The coagulant and platelet clumping properties of atheromatous plaques may be related to their content of fatty acids, phospholipids, collagen, or thromboplastin.
Role of CXCR3 Ligands in IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc–Mediated Antitumor Activity in Lung Cancer
Authors: Åsa Andersson, Minu K. Srivastava, Marni Harris-White, Min Huang, Li Zhu, David Elashoff, Robert M. Strieter, Steven M. Dubinett, Sherven Sharma
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: We evaluated the utility of chimeric γc homeostatic cytokine, IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc, to restore host APC (antigen presenting cell) and T cell activities in lung cancer. Experimental Design: Utilizing murine lung cancer models we determined the antitumor efficacy of IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc. APC, T cell, cytokine analyses, neutralization of CXCL9, CXCL10, and IFNγ were carried out to evaluate the mechanistic differences in the antitumor activity of IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc in comparison to controls. Results: IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc administration inhibited tumor growth and increased survival in lung cancer. Accompanying the tumor growth inhibition were increases in APC and T cell activities. In comparison to controls, IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc treatment of tumor bearing mice led to increased: (i) levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IFNγ, IL-12 but reduced IL-10 and TGFβ, (ii) tumor macrophage infiltrates characteristic of M1 phenotype with increased IL-12, iNOS but reduced IL-10 and arginase, (iii) frequencies of T and NK cells, (iv) T cell activation markers CXCR3, CD69 and CD127low, (v) effector memory T cells, and (vi) T cell cytolytic activity against parental tumor cells. IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc treatment abrogated the tumor induced reduction in splenic functional APC activity to T responder cells. The CXCR3 ligands played an important role in IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc–mediated antitumor activity. Neutralization of CXCL9, CXCL10, or IFNγ reduced CXCR3 expressing activated T cells infiltrating the tumor and abrogated IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc–mediated tumor growth inhibition. Conclusions: Our findings show that IL-7/IL-7Rα-Fc promotes afferent and efferent antitumor responses in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3660–72. ©2011 AACR.
Electrophysiological Effects of Acute Dilatation in the Isolated Rabbit Heart
Authors: Michael J. Reiter, Mark Landers, Zoltan Zetelaki, Charles J. H. Kirchhof, Maurits A. Allessie
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Acute ventricular dilatation has important electrophysiological effects: Dilatation shortens action potential duration and refractoriness without an apparent effect on conduction velocity. These effects have been implicated as a potential mechanism of arrhythmias in patients with congestive failure. Because the influence of cycle length on these phenomena has not been studied, we examined the effects of dilatation during ventricular pacing at cycle lengths from 1000 to 150 ms.Thin epicardial layers were created in isolated, perfused rabbit left ventricles (n=7). A fluid filled latex balloon was secured in the left ventricle to dilate the left ventricle. Mapping was performed with 248 epicardial electrodes. Longitudinal conduction velocity (76+/-1 cm/s; mean+/-SEM) and transverse conduction velocity (26+/-1 cm/s) were not influenced by dilatation at any cycle length. In contrast, the effects of dilatation in decreasing left ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) were significantly greater at shorter drive cycle lengths: The decrease in ERP was 2+/-2 ms (a 1% change) at a drive cycle length of 1000 ms and 18+/-4 ms (a 20% change) at a drive cycle length of 150 ms. In 10 additional intact, isolated perfused rabbit hearts, dilatation decreased ERP to a greater degree during 250 ms drive cycle length pacing than during pacing at 400 ms (25+/-4 versus 16+/-3 ms; P=.01).Acute dilatation exaggerates the normal rate-dependent shortening of refractoriness but does not influence transverse or longitudinal conduction velocity. This observation suggests that the electrophysiological effects of acute dilatation may be greater during tachycardia than at slower cycle lengths. This may have implications for arrhythmias in patients with congestive heart failure.
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF HEMORRHAGE AND VASCULAR LESIONS IN LYMPH NODES: AN EXTENSION OF THE SHWARTZMAN PHENOMENON
Authors: Lewis Henry Koplik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Characteristic changes are produced in the lymph nodes of rabbits following the intravenous injection of certain bacterial filtrates administered 24 hours after either an intralymphatic or an intradermal injection of the same filtrate. These changes are limited to the nodes served by the lymphatic injected or to those furnishing the lymphatic drainage for the injected skin site. By either method the initial or preparatory injection of filtrate reaches the lymph nodes through one or more of its afferent lymphatics, and similar lesions are produced in the nodes. The lesions consist of hemorrhages recognizable by gross and microscopic examination. The capillaries and veins are congested and thrombosed. Their endothelial cells are swollen. Arterioles are generally little affected. Though hemorrhages and thromboses are usually seen together in the nodes, they have been observed occurring independently. They are both probably secondary to endothelial changes. The lesions are not dependent on the amount of preexisting inflammation in the nodes. Endothelial changes, hemorrhages and thromboses were usually noted in the regional nodes when positive Shwartzman reactions had been elicited in prepared skin by intravenous injection of the bacterial filtrate. However, these lesions in many instances were observed under similar conditions in these nodes even when the Shwartzman reaction in the skin was negative. It appears that lymph nodes are more susceptible to the production of the Shwartzman phenomenon than the skin sites which they drain. A single intralymphatic or intradermal injection of the bacterial filtrates used in this study, even in high concentrations, does not produce in adjacent lymph nodes the characteristic changes noted when this preparatory injection is followed by a subsequent intravenous injection of the filtrate. Single intravenous injections also are not productive of hemorrhage and thrombosis in lymph nodes.
Segmental Portal Hypertension and Islet Cell Adenoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Victoria Gallardo-Navarra
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  A rare manifestation of segmental portal hypertension is gastrointestinal bleeding from isolated gastric varices. Grunert et al, 1 in a study of 327 cases of systemic portal hypertension, found isolated occlusion of the splenic vein in four cases, an incidence of 1.2%. The case of segmental portal hypertension secondary to islet cell adenoma of the pancreas, which we are reporting here, is thought to be the second documented in the literature.  Report of a Case.—  A 19-year-old black man was examined in the emergency room because of melena and brief episodes of loss of consciousness. He had irregular eating habits and intermittent hypogastric pain of two to three years' duration. His family history was noncontributory.  This tall, lean, pale, and weak man was in no acute distress, and findings other than sinus tachycardia of 100 beats per minute, and black feces on rectal examination were normal. Nasogastric
Study shows no link between MMR vaccination and autism
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine) is not associated with increased risk of pervasive developmental disorders—including autism—according to a case-control study that has confirmed the findings of previous studies ( Lancet 2004;364:963-9).

The case-control study used the UK general practice research database—a large database of patients' electronic clinical records—to identify 1294 people born in 1973 or later who had been diagnosed as having a pervasive developmental disorder recorded between 1987 and 2001. Full medical records—including hospital clinic letters and specialist reports—were checked for more than 300 of these …
Reducing Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Childhood Obesity
Authors: Elsie M. Taveras, Matthew W. Gillman, Ken P. Kleinman, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Many early life risk factors for childhood obesity are more prevalent among blacks and Hispanics than among whites and may explain the higher prevalence of obesity among racial/ethnic minority children.OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in adiposity and overweight are explained by differences in risk factors during pregnancy (gestational diabetes and depression), infancy (rapid infant weight gain, feeding other than exclusive breastfeeding, and early introduction of solid foods), and early childhood (sleeping <12 h/d, presence of a television set in the room where the child sleeps, and any intake of sugar-sweetened beverages or fast food).DESIGN Prospective prebirth cohort study. SETTING Multisite group practice in Massachusetts.PARTICIPANTS Participants included 1116 mother-child pairs (63% white, 17% black, and 4% Hispanic) EXPOSURE Mother's report of child's race/ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESAge-and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z score, total fat mass index from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and overweight or obesity, defined as a BMI in the 85th percentile or higher at age 7 years.RESULTS Black (0.48 U [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.64]) and Hispanic (0.43 [0.12 to 0.74]) children had higher BMI z scores, as well as higher total fat mass index and overweight/obesity prevalence, than white children.After adjustment for socioeconomic confounders and parental BMI, differences in BMI z score were attenuated for black and Hispanic children (0.22 U [0.05 to 0.40] and 0.22 U [-0.08 to 0.52], respectively).Adjustment for pregnancy risk factors did not substantially change these estimates.However, after further adjustment for infancy and childhood risk factors, we observed only minimal differences in BMI z scores between whites, blacks (0.07 U [-0.11 to 0.26]), and Hispanics (0.04 U [-0.27 to 0.35]).We observed similar attenuation of racial/ethnic differences in adiposity and prevalence of overweight or obesity.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Racial/ethnic disparities in childhood adiposity and obesity are determined by factors operating in infancy and early childhood.Efforts to reduce obesity disparities should focus on preventing early life risk factors.
Focal versus isolation ablation of pulmonary vein triggers for atrial fibrillation: short-term outcome
Authors: Francis E. Marchlinski, David J. Callans, Erica S. Zado, Andrea J. Russo, Edward P. Gerstenfeld, Sanjay Dixit, Robert W. Rho, Vickas Patel, John F. Beshai, Joseph W. Poku, David Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Chromosome aberrations in cultured peripheral lymphocytes from persons with elevated skin radiosensitivity.
Authors: T V Kondrashova, T I Ivanova, S N Katsalap
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether an enhanced skin radiation reaction correlated with an enhanced chromosome radiation response. Twelve patients with late radiation skin ulcers formed after courses of radiation therapy were chosen as a group of individuals with elevated skin radiosensitivity. Half of the venous blood samples from each donor were irradiated with 2 Gy gamma-rays; the other half remained unexposed. Using standard cytogenetic technique, lymphocyte cultures were prepared with all samples. On the metaphase preparations, all chromosome aberrations detectable without karyotype identification were scored. The frequency of various aberrations in each patient were compared with relevant mean values in healthy unexposed donors. In several patients, the frequency of one aberration type or another exceeded the control value significantly. Comparison of aberration patterns in irradiated and nonirradiated cultures and consideration of elapsed time after therapeutic exposures suggested that the observed increased aberration levels reflected individual features of the patients' radiosensitivity, rather than lesions induced by previous in vivo exposures. Therefore, the question of a correlation between skin and chromosome radiosensitivity can be answered positively. Analysis of the peculiarities of cellular distribution of aberrations and of the relative contribution of different aberration types in patients and healthy donors indicates that the investigation of in vitro-induced aberrations is more suitable for the assessment of individual radiosensitivity than the study of aberrations observed in unexposed cultures.
Abstract 2873: Opposing effects of NF-κB inhibition during chemical lung carcinogenesis
Authors: Rinat Zaynagetdinov, Sophia P. Karabela, Ioannis Psallidas, Taylor P. Sherrill, Chrysoula A. Kairi, Dong-Sheng Cheng, Spyridoula Vassiliou, Linda A. Gleaves, Wei Han, Spyros G. Zakynthinos, Fiona E. Yull, Charis Roussos, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Timothy S. Blackwell, Georgios T. Stathopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Since recent evidence indicates a requirement for epithelial NF-κB signaling in lung tumorigenesis, we investigated the impact of the NF-κB inhibitor bortezomib on lung tumor promotion and growth. We used an experimental model in which wild-type mice or mice expressing an NF-κB reporter received intraperitoneal urethane (1 g/kg) followed by twice-weekly bortezomib (1 mg/kg) during distinct periods of tumor initiation/progression. Mice were serially assessed for lung NF-κB activation, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Short-term proteasome inhibition with bortezomib did not impact tumor formation, but retarded the growth of established lung tumors in mice via effects on cell proliferation. In contrast, long-term treatment with bortezomib resulted in significantly increased lung tumor number and size. This tumor-promoting effect of prolonged bortezomib treatment was associated with perpetuation of urethane-induced inflammation and chronic up-regulation of interleukin-1α and proinflammatory C-X-C motif chemokine ligands (CXCL) 1 and 2 in the lungs. In addition to airway epithelium, bortezomib inhibited NF-κB in pulmonary macrophages in vivo, presenting a possible mechanism of tumor amplification. In this regard, RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to bortezomib showed increased expression of interleukin-1α, CXCL1, and CXCL2. In conclusion, although short-term bortezomib may exert some beneficial effects, prolonged NF-κB inhibition accelerates chemical lung carcinogenesis by perpetuating carcinogen-induced inflammation. Inhibition of NF-κB in pulmonary macrophages appears to play an important role in this adverse process. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2873. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2873
CDC: Major Disparities in Opioid Prescribing Among States
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Nobelists take genetics from bench to bedside
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

ABSTRACT I can think of no other work in modern medical research—carried out by only two persons—that has been as productive as the achievements of Brown and  said Arno Motulsky, MD, director, Center for Inherited Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle. Motulsky was performing what has become a ritual at medical research meetings—the presentation of an award to Michael Brown, MD, and Joseph Goldstein, MD, professors of genetics at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center in Dallas (JAMA [MEDICAL NEWS] 1985;254:2872).The two were receiving the American Society of Human Genetics' highest honor, the William Allan Award, at the organization's annual meeting in Salt Lake City. Three days later they would learn that they would receive the 1985 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (in Stockholm this week, on Dec 10). These citations are being added to a spate of others, including the prestigious Lasker award for
Asymptomatic left ventricular aneurysm: a sequela of blunt chest trauma.
Authors: H A Berkoff, G G Rowe, A B Crummy, D R Kahn
Journal: Circulation (1977)

A routine chest X-ray taken four months after blunt chest trauma revealed a left ventricular aneurysm in a totally asymptomatic patient. At surgery a thin-walled, clot-filled aneurysm was successfully removed. This case demonstrates the need for careful follow-up of all patients sustaining blunt chest trauma even though the initial cardiac evaluation may be negative. Our feeling that all such aneurysms should be treated surgically is further reinforced by our operative findings.
The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis) on cardiac performance with and without beta blockade.
Authors: C Kanakis, J M Pouget, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured in ten healthy male volunteers before and after intravenous (i.v.) administration of 25 mug/kg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC). Mean +/- SEM heart rate increased 32 +/- 7 beats/min, while systolic and diastolic blood pressures were unchanged after delta-9-THC. Total electromechanical systole lengthened 17 +/- 4.2 msec, left ventricular ejection time (LVETc) prolonged 24 +/- 4.0 msec and pre-ejection period (PEP) shortened 17 +/- 5.1 msec after delta-9-THC. All of these changes were significant (P less than 0.01). In nine other subjects who underwent prior beta adrenergic blockade, similar but less marked changes were noted in heart rate, blood pressure, and STI after delta-9-THC. The shortening of PEP after delta-9-THC was only 9 msec (NS) in beta blocked subjects. Thus, delta-9-THC significantly increased heart rate, shortened PEP and prolonged LVETc without any change in afterload. Beta adrenergic blockade prevented significant shortening of PEP and blunted other responses. These findings suggest that delta-9-THC enhanced cardiac performance. Partial inhibition of this effect was achieved with prior beta adrenergic blockade.
Prevalence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Robert A. Kyle, Terry M. Therneau, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Dirk R. Larson, Matthew F. Plevak, Janice R. Offord, Angela Dispenzieri, Jerry A. Katzmann, L. Joseph Melton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a premalignant plasma-cell disorder, among persons 50 years of age or older has not been accurately determined. We used sensitive laboratory techniques to ascertain the prevalence of MGUS in a large population in a well-defined geographic area.
Phase 1/2 study of the combination of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine with valproic acid in patients with leukemia
Authors: Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Blanca Sanchez-Gonzalez, Hui Yang, Gary Rosner, Srdan Verstovsek, Michael Rytting, William G. Wierda, Farhad Ravandi, Charles Koller, Lianchun Xiao, Stefan Faderl, Zeev Estrov, Jorge Cortes, Susan O'Brien, Elihu Estey, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Jackie Fiorentino, Elias Jabbour, Jean-Pierre Issa
Journal: Blood (2006)
737–6 Combining Myoglobin and Clinical Variables for Assessing Coronary Reperfusion After Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Robert H. Christenson, E. Magnus Ohman, Kristina N. Sigmon, Mary Ann O’Hanesian, Gladys L. Alonsozana, Kristin L. Newby, Show-Hong Duh, Mitchell W. Krucoff, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Paget's Disease of the Breast
Authors: Frank R. Dutra
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A simple abrasive technique for obtaining cytological material for evaluation of lesions of the mammary nipple yields samples which permit a diagnosis of Paget's disease without surgical biopsy. The lesion is abraded with the rough surface of a glass microscope slide having one frosted face; the sample is fixed with polyethylene glycol, and stained with the Papanicolaou technique. The slide is rendered transparent by the cover-slip mounting material and is evaluated according to usual cytological standards.