tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. I. Terminal complement components are deposited and released from salmonella minnesota S218 without causing bacterial death
Authors: KA Joiner, CH Hammer, EJ Brown, RJ Cole, MM Frank
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The mechanism of resistance of gram-negative bacteria to killing by complement was investigated. Complement consumption and uptake of purified, radiolabeled complement components on bacteria was studied using a serum- sensitive and a serum-resistant strain of Salmonella minnesota. Twice as many molecules of (125)I C3 were bound per colony-forming unit (CFU) of the smooth, serum-resistant S. minnesota S218 as were bound per CFU of the rough, serum-sensitive S. minnesota Re595 in 10 percent pooled normal human serum (PNHS), although 75-80 percent of C3 was consumed by both organisms. Hemolytic titrations documented total consumption of C9 by 5 min and more than 95 percent consumption of C5 and C7 by 15 min in the reaction with S218 with 10 percent PNHS. In contrast, negligible C5 depletion, 10 percent C7 consumption, and only a 26 percent decrease in C9 titer occurred with the serum-sensitive Re595. Binding of (125)I C5, (125)I C7, and (125)I C9 to S218 and Re595 was measured in 10 percent PNHS. A total of 6,600 molecules C5/CFU, 5,200 molecules C7/CFU, and 3,100 molecules C9/CFU bound to S218 after 5-10 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, but 50-70 percent of the C5, C7, and C9 bound to S218 was released from the organism during incubation at 37 degrees C for 60 min. Binding of 2,000 molecules C5/CFU, 1,900 molecules C7/CFU, and 9,000 molecules C9/CFU to Re595 was achieved by 20 min and was stable. The ratio of bound C9 molecules to bound C7 molecules, measured using (131)I C9 and (125)I C7, was constant for both organisms after 15 min and was 4.3:1 on Re595 and 0.65:1 on S218 in 10 percent PNHS. With addition of increasing amounts of purified, unlabeled (29 to 10 percent PNHS, there was no change in the C9:C7 ratio on Re595. However, with S218 there was a linear increase of the C9:C7 ratio, which approached the ratio on Re595. There was no (14)C release from S218 incubated in PNHS, nor was there evidence by electron microscopy of outer membrane damage to S218. Therefore, S. minnesota S218 is resistant to killing by PNHS, despite the fact that the organism consumes terminal complement components efficiently and that terminal components are deposited on the surface in significant amounts. The C5b-9 complex is released from the surface of S218 without causing lethal outer membrane damage.
End-of-Life Care for Lung Cancer Patients in the United States and Ontario
Authors: Joan L. Warren, Lisa Barbera, Karen E. Bremner, K. Robin Yabroff, Jeffrey S. Hoch, Michael J. Barrett, Jin Luo, Murray D. Krahn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

Both the United States and Canada offer government-financed health insurance for the elderly, but few studies have compared care at the end of life for cancer patients between the two systems.We identified care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who died of cancer at age 65 years and older during 1999-2003. Patients were identified from US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data (N = 13,533) and the Ontario Cancer Registry (N = 8100). Health claims during the last 5 months of life identified chemotherapy and emergency room use, hospitalizations, and supportive care. We estimated rates per person-months (PM) for short-term survivors (died <6 months after diagnosis) and longer-term survivors (died ≥6 months after diagnosis), adjusting for demographic differences. To test whether monthly rates in Ontario were statistically significantly different from the United States, standardized differences were computed, and a 99% confidence interval (CI) was constructed to account for the multiple tests performed. All statistical tests were two-sided.Rates of chemotherapy use were statistically significantly higher for SEER-Medicare patients than Ontario patients in every month before death (short-term survivors at 5 months before death: SEER-Medicare, 33.2 patients per 100 PM vs Ontario, 9.5 per 100 PM, rate difference = 23.7 per 100 PM, 99% CI = 18.3 to 29.1 per 100 PM, P < .001; longer-term survivors at 5 months before death: SEER-Medicare, 24.4 patients per 100 PM vs Ontario, 14.5 per 100 PM, rate difference = 9.9 per 100 PM, 99% CI = 7.7 to 12.1 per 100 PM, P <. 001). During the last 30 days of life, fewer SEER-Medicare than Ontario patients were hospitalized (short-term survivors, 49.9 vs 78.6 patients per 100 PM, rate difference = 28.6 per 100 PM, 95% CI = 22.9 to 34.4 per 100 PM, P <. 001; longer-term survivors, 44.1 vs 67.1 patients per 100 PM, rate difference = 23.0 per 100 PM, 95% CI = 18.5 to 27.5 per 100 PM, P < .001).NSCLC patients in both Ontario and the United States used extensive end-of-life care. Limited availability of hospice care in Ontario and differing attitudes between the United States and Ontario regarding end-of-life care may explain the differences in practice patterns.
Two coincident cases of easily curable ‘refractory sprue’
Authors: Dietmar Schiller, Alexander Ziachehabi, Rene Silye, Rainer Schöfl
Journal: Gut (2015)

On two consecutive days, two women, 82 and 76 years of age, were admitted with severe watery diarrhoea lasting for about 8 months. They presented with serious deconditioning and a weight loss of 16 and 20 kg, respectively. An extensive workup had yielded virtually identical results in both patients and led to the diagnosis of ‘refractory seronegative sprue’. There was no history of foreign travel or previous GI symptoms. Duodenal biopsy showed subtotal villous atrophy (VA) (figure 1) with an increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (figure 2). IgA and IgG tissue transglutaminase and endomysial antibodies, serum immunoglobulins, HIV serology, T-cell receptor rearrangement of intestinal lymphocytes, antienterocyte antibodies, …
Calculation of 8-methoxypsoralen dose according to body surface area in PUVA treatment
Authors: A. SAKUNTABHAI, B.L. DIFFEY, P.M. FARR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

In 41 patients about to start PUVA, the dose of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) was calculated conventionally according to body weight (0·6mg/kg), or according to body surface area (25mg/m2) predicted from height and weight measurements. The two different methods of dosing were used on consecutive treatment days and the plasma 8-MOP concentration was measured on each occasion 2b after ingestion of the crystalline form of 8-MOP, given to the nearest 10 mg. Body weight calculated doses ranged from 30 to 60 mg with a significant difference in the plasma 8-MOP concentration between the dose groups, indicating a systematic variation according to the weight of the patient. When calculated according to body surface area, only two doses were used (40 or 50 mg), and there was no significant difference in plasma H-MOP concentration between the groups. Calculation of the dose of 8-MOP using body surface area may be performed quickly and simply provided the height and weight of individual patients is known. We provide evidence that this method of dosing will improve the therapeutic effect of PUVA in psoriasis.
Metabolic Effects of High Altitude Trekking in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pieter de Mol, Marion J. Fokkert, Suzanna T. de Vries, Eelco J.P. de Koning, Bert D. Dikkeschei, Rijnold O.B. Gans, Cees J. Tack, Henk J.G. Bilo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Limited information is available regarding the metabolic effects of high altitude trekking in patients with type 2 diabetes.Thirteen individuals with type 2 diabetes took part in a 12-day expedition to the summit of Mount Toubkal (altitude, 4,167 m), Morocco, after 6 months of exercise training. Energy expenditure, body weight, blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipids, and HbA(1c) were assessed.Training reduced fasting glucose (-0.7 ± 0.9 mmol/L, P = 0.026) and increased exercise capacity (+0.3 ± 0.3 W/kg, P = 0.005). High altitude trekking decreased fasting insulin concentrations (-3.8 ± 3.2 μU/L, P = 0.04), total cholesterol (-0.7 ± 0.8 mmol/L, P = 0.008), and LDL cholesterol (-0.5 ± 0.6 mmol/L, P = 0.007).High altitude trekking preceded by exercise training is feasible for patients with type 2 diabetes. It improves blood glucose, lipids, and fasting insulin concentrations, while glucose control is maintained.
Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia by Prophylactic Antibiotics Plus or Minus Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Dutch Randomized Phase III Study
Authors: Johanna N. Timmer-Bonte, Theo M. de Boo, Hans J. Smit, Bonne Biesma, Frank A. Wilschut, Samia A. Cheragwandi, Arien Termeer, Cornelis A. Hensing, Janine Akkermans, Eddy M. Adang, Geeben P. Bootsma, Vivianne C. Tjan-Heijnen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major complication of chemotherapy. Antibiotics as well as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are effective in preventing FN. This multicenter randomized phase III trial determines whether the addition of G-CSF to antibiotic prophylaxis can further reduce the incidence of FN in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) at the risk of FN.Patients (N = 175) were stratified for stage of disease, performance status, age, and prior chemotherapy treatment, and were randomly assigned for treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CDE), followed by prophylactic antibiotics alone (ciprofloxacin and roxithromycin) or by antibiotics in combination with G-CSF on days 4 to 13.In cycle 1, 20 patients (24%) in the antibiotics group developed FN compared with nine patients (10%) in the antibiotics plus G-CSF group (P = .01). In cycles 2 to 5, the incidences of FN were practically the same in both groups (17% v 11%). Only the treatment parameters (odds ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.78) and age (1.067 per year; 95% CI, 1.013 to 1.0124) were related to the probability of FN in cycle 1.Primary G-CSF prophylaxis added to primary antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in reducing FN and infections in SCLC patients at the risk of FN with the first cycle of CDE chemotherapy. For patients with similar risk of FN, the combined use of prophylactic antibiotics plus G-CSF can be considered, specifically in the first cycle of chemotherapy.
Expression of bcl-2 in Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: An Independent Predictor of Poor Outcome
Authors: Stephen J. Sup, Carlos A. Alemañy, Brad Pohlman, Paul Elson, Serena Malhi, Snehal Thakkar, Roxanne Steinle, Eric D. Hsi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Although most classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) patients are cured, a significant minority fails primary therapy and may die as a result of their disease. Age, stage, and other basic clinical and laboratory parameters, which comprise the International Prognostic Score (IPS), are used at diagnosis to predict outcome. To date, there is no consensus on biologic markers that add value to these parameters.We evaluated 107 CHL patients for bcl-2, p53, and p21 expression by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays and correlated the results with outcome. The median follow-up of the 79 surviving patients was 6.8 years.Univariate analysis showed that age > or = 45 years, stage III or IV, and IPS > or = 3 were associated with a poor failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS). bcl-2 was expressed in 26% of patients and was associated with poor FFS and a trend for OS. p53 expression in combination with lack of p21 expression was not associated with outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that three factors were independently associated with both FFS and OS: age > or = 45 years, stage III or IV, and bcl-2 expression. Using these three parameters, a scoring system was devised that stratified patients into three risk groups (with zero, one, or two to three of these risk factors) and a progressively worse FFS and OS (P < .001).Expression of bcl-2 in CHL is a useful, independent prognostic marker and can be used in association with clinical parameters to identify newly diagnosed patients with a good, intermediate, or poor prognosis.
Immunity to Murine Prostatic Tumors: Continuous Provision of T-Cell Help Prevents CD8 T-Cell Tolerance and Activates Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells
Authors: Kimberly A. Shafer-Weaver, Stephanie K. Watkins, Michael J. Anderson, Lauren J. Draper, Anatoli Malyguine, W. Gregory Alvord, Norman M. Greenberg, Arthur A. Hurwitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract We reported previously that tumor-specific CD8+ T cells (TcR-I) become tolerant in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. In this study, we show that CD4+ TcR transgenic (TcR-II) T cells transferred into TRAMP mice became activated in lymph nodes, trafficked to the prostate, and initially functioned as TH1 cells. Although a single cotransfer of TcR-II cells delayed TcR-I cell tolerization, repeated transfer of TcR-II cells was required to prevent TcR-I cell tolerization and significantly slowed progression of TRAMP prostate tumors. After transfer of TcR-II cells, dendritic cells within the tumor expressed higher levels of costimulatory molecules and displayed an enhanced ability to stimulate proliferation of naive T cells. Blockade of CD40-CD40L interactions during TcR-II transfer resulted in a profound reduction in dendritic cell stimulatory capacity and a partial loss of TcR-I effector functions and tumor immunity. These data show that sustained provision of activated tumor-specific CD4+ T cells alters the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, ultimately leading to the control of tumor growth. These findings will assist in the design of more effective immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(15):6256–64]
Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: P J Devereaux, Homer Yang, Salim Yusuf, Gordon Guyatt, Kate Leslie, Juan Carlos Villar, Denis Xavier, Susan Chrolavicius, Launi Greenspan, Janice Pogue, Prem Pais, Lisheng Liu, Shouchun Xu, German Málaga, Alvaro Avezum, Matthew Chan, Victor M Montori, Mike Jacka, Peter Choi
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Vitamin D and atopy and asthma phenotypes in children: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: E.M. Hollams, P.H. Hart, B.J. Holt, M. Serralha, F. Parsons, N.H. de Klerk, G. Zhang, P.D. Sly, P.G. Holt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Vitamin D has been linked in some studies with atopy- and asthma-associated phenotypes in children with established disease, but its role in disease inception at the community level is less clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between vitamin D status and biological signatures indicative of allergy and asthma development in children aged 6 and 14 years in Perth, WA, Australia (latitude 32° S). Serum vitamin D was assayed in 989 6-yr-olds and 1,380 14-yr-olds from an unselected community birth cohort; 689 subjects were assessed at both ages. Vitamin D levels were assessed as a risk modifier for respiratory and allergic outcomes at both ages, using previously ascertained phenotypic data. The predictive value of vitamin D levels at age 6 yrs for development of clinical phenotypes at age 14 yrs was also examined. Serum vitamin D levels in children of both ages were negatively associated with concurrent allergic phenotypes; sex stratification revealed that this association was restricted mainly to males. Furthermore, vitamin D levels at age 6 yrs were significant predictors of subsequent atopy/asthma-associated phenotypes at age 14 yrs. In an unselected community setting, children (particularly males) with inadequate vitamin D are at increased risk of developing atopy, and subsequently bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and asthma. In a large unselected cohort, males with inadequate vitamin D at 6 and 14 yrs of age had increased atopy and BHR. Low vitamin D at age 6 yrs was a predictor of atopy and asthma at 14 yrs of age.
HYPERTROPHIC OSTEO-ARTHROPATHY OF HANDS WITHOUT VISCERAL OR CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASE
Authors: R. C. Worsley
Journal: BMJ (1909)

BIOTRIPSIS.[ I' 2 r4I x be removed.The risk entailed b~operation can be weduced very materially by first rielieving the toxic symptoms by' connecting the divided ileum with the sligmoid or rectum, and later, when the general condition
Sports injury incidence
Authors: Lisa Hodgson Phillips
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

The aim of this paper is to give a "medical" viewpoint on sports injury data collection and analysis, and to emphasise the importance of epidemiological sports data collection with regard to incidence rates and exposure risk hours and highlight the need for uniform definitions within and across sport.It is designed not as a statistical or epidemiological paper but as a resource to be used by those involved in sports injury research so that they may confidently analyse, evaluate, and compare existing research and to enable them to collect accurate sports injury data in their own field.
Surgery for the rheumatoid wrist and hand.
Authors: S H Norris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Surgery for the rheumatoid wrist and hand S H Norris Surgery for rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist has improved the lot of many with this condition over the past several years, and there is no doubt that surgery can make an enormous difference to the course of the disease.Pain, deformity, poor function, and cosmesis are all indications for surgery.There are, however, many patients who are denied access to surgery who would benefit from it.
The Art of MicroRNA Research
Authors: Eva van Rooij
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Originally identified as moderate biological modifiers, microRNAs have recently emerged as powerful regulators of diverse cellular processes with especially important roles in disease and tissue remodeling. The rapid pace of studies on microRNA regulation and function necessitates the development of suitable techniques for measuring and modulating microRNAs in different model systems. This review summarizes experimental strategies for microRNA research and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. The development of more specific and sensitive assays will further illuminate the biology behind microRNAs and will advance opportunities to safely pursue them as therapeutic modalities.
The methodologic quality of clinical trials on regional anesthesia for cataract surgery11This article is based on research conducted by the Johns Hopkins University under contract to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, formerly the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (contract no.: 290-97-0006). The authors of this article are responsible for its contents, including any clinical or treatment recommendations. No statement in this article should be construed as an official …
Authors: David S Friedman, Eric B Bass, Lisa H Lubomski, Lee A Fleisher, John H Kempen, Jeffrey Magaziner, Michael Sprintz, Karen Robinson, Oliver D Schein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2001)
IRP2 Regulates Breast Tumor Growth
Authors: Wei Wang, Zhiyong Deng, Heather Hatcher, Lance D. Miller, Xiumin Di, Lia Tesfay, Guangchao Sui, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Frank M. Torti, Suzy V. Torti
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Experimental and epidemiologic evidence suggests that dysregulation of proteins involved in iron metabolism plays a critical role in cancer. The mechanisms by which cancer cells alter homeostatic iron regulation are just beginning to be understood. Here, we demonstrate that iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2) plays a key role in iron accumulation in breast cancer. Although both IRP1 and IRP2 are overexpressed in breast cancer, the overexpression of IRP2, but not IRP1, is associated with decreased ferritin H and increased transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). Knockdown of IRP2 in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells increases ferritin H expression and decreases TfR1 expression, resulting in a decrease in the labile iron pool. Further, IRP2 knockdown reduces growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in the mouse mammary fat pad. Gene expression microarray profiles of patients with breast cancer demonstrate that increased IRP2 expression is associated with high-grade cancer. Increased IRP2 expression is observed in luminal A, luminal B, and basal breast cancer subtypes, but not in breast tumors of the ERBB2 molecular subtype. These results suggest that dysregulation of IRP2 is an early nodal point underlying altered iron metabolism in breast cancer and may contribute to poor outcome of some patients with breast cancer.
Painful gastrointestinal haemorrhage: diagnostic value of 16 detector multislice computed tomography
Authors: S Harish
Journal: Gut (2005)

Background: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is clinically defined by familial clustering of colorectal cancer and other associated tumours.Methods: By thorough molecular and clinical evaluation of 41 families, two different groups were characterised: group 1, 25 families with truncating mutations in MLH1 or MSH2 (12 novel mutations); and group 2, 16 Amsterdam positive families without mutations in these genes and without microsatellite instability in their corresponding tumours.Results: Significant clinical differences between these two groups were found.Firstly, earlier age of onset for all colorectal cancers (median 41 v 55 years; p,0.001) and all tumours (median 43 v 56 years; p = 0.022) was observed, comparing groups 1 and 2. Secondly, 68% of the index colorectal cancers were localised proximally of the splenic flexure in group 1 compared with 14% in group 2 (p,0.010).Thirdly, more synchronous and metachronous colorectal (p = 0.017) and extracolorectal tumours (p,0.001) were found in group 1. Fourthly, a higher colorectal adenoma/carcinoma ratio (p = 0.030) and a tendency towards more synchronous or metachronous adenomas in group 2 (p = 0.084) was observed, indicating a slower progression of adenomas to carcinomas.As three mutation negative tumours revealed chromosomal instability after comparative genomic hybridisation, these tumours may be caused by one or more highly penetrant disease alleles from the chromosomal instability pathway.Conclusion: These data show that HNPCC includes at least two entities with clinical and molecular differences.This will have implications for surveillance programmes and for cancer research.