tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Failure of β-Lactam Antibiotics to Eradicate Chlamydia trachomatis in the Endometrium Despite Apparent Clinical Cure of Acute Salpingitis
Authors: Richard L. Sweet, Julius Schachter, Marilyn O. Robbie
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>was isolated from 17 (24%) of 71 patients with acute salpingitis (AS) hospitalized for parenteral treatment. For patients with AS, antimicrobial therapy was started immediately on admission and before the availability of culture results. Notable clinical response was seen in 16 of 17 chlamydial-positive cases. Despite apparent clinical cure, posttreatment cultures from the endometrial cavity yielded<i>C trachomatis</i>from 12 of 13 patients treated solely with second- or third-generation cephalosporins as single-agent therapy. The finding of persistent chlamydial infection of the endometrium suggests that some patients treated for AS, despite apparent clinical response, maintain chlamydial infection of the endometrium that might cause relapse or chronic fallopian tube infection with tubal obstruction and infertility, or perhaps reflect a similar tubal persistence of<i>Chlamydia</i>. Treatment of AS should routinely include coverage for<i>C trachomatis</i>, as clinical response and findings may not reflect its presence or persistence. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2641-2645)
Abstract 3828: Uncarinic acid C plus IFN-γ generates monocyte-derived dendritic cells and induces a potent Th1 polarization with capacity to migrate
Authors: Ji Hee Lee, Ik-Joo Chung, Akemi Umeyama, Je-Jung Lee, Masao Takei, Young Do Jung, Woo Kyun Bae
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Uncarinic acid C (URC) is triterpene isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and modulates human DC function in a fashion that favors Th1 cell polarization depending on TLR4 signaling. The induction of dendritic cells (DC) is critical for the induction of Ag-specific T lymphocyte responses and may be essential for the development of human vaccines relying on T cell immunity. Monocyte-derived DCs are used as adjuvant cells in cancer immunotherapy and have shown promising results. We studied the effect of interferons (IFN-α and IFN-γ) and TNF-α on phenotypic and functional maturation, and cytokine production of URC-primed DC in vitro. Human monocytes were exposed to URC alone, or in combination with TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ. All three cytokines induced phenotypically mature DC. The expression levels of CD38 and CCR7 on URC-primed DC were enhanced by IFN-γ and IFN-γ augmented the T cell stimulatory capacity in allo MLR to URC-primed DC. DC matured with URC plus IFN-γ produce high levels of IL-12p70 upon CD40 triggering. IFN-γ secretion from naïve T cells co-cultured with URC-primed DC also augmented by IFN-γ. In addition, DC maturated with URC plus IFN-γ has an intermediate migratory capacity towards CCL19 and CCL21. In contrast, surface molecule up-regulation and function of URC-primed DC were slightly enhanced by TNF-α and IFN-α. These data support that DC differentiated with URC in combination with IFN-γ might be used on DC-based vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3828.
ABEL-SPORT™ TEST FOR ASSESSING OVER TRAINING SYNDROME AND DETECTING INFECTION
Authors: J Knight, M Wakeman, J Reeves
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

There are many tests available to the sports science team to manage training loads and measure the effects of physical, psychological, environmental and physiological interventions. However, those that aim to predict an infection and/or identify overtraining, generally remain wanting. And to complicate matters further there is often a lack of consensus as to what constitutes overreaching (OR) overtraining (OT) and the overtraining syndrome (OTS). We describe a reproducible test, on a small drop of blood, that can be performed close to the athlete on a portable luminometer (ABEL meter-1) or in a laboratory. The test does not measure a single biomarker of OTS but instead utilises hidden information acquired by circulating leucocytes as they patrol the body spotting pathogens, responding to markers of inflammation (cytokines and chemokines) and other changes in the blood that occur after strenuous exercise. These cells also know you have an infection before there are any signs or symptoms. The ABEL-sport™ test is designed to elicit this hidden information from the cells. The test incorporates the bioluminescent protein Pholasin â which emits light with reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the test, the NADPH oxidase system of the leucocytes is artificially activated to produce ROS. Light response graphs quantify changes in the rate of production and magnitude of the ROS generated. The interpretation of the graphs is used to identify various responses during training, indicating if the athlete is heading towards OTS and identifying infections, superimposed on training curves. ABEL-sport™ provides objective assessments of an athlete which can support management decisions. The test has been validated for many years with elite and amateur athletes in many different fields and was successfully used by Skandia Team GB for two years prior to and in the final run up to the Olympics in Beijing in 2008 when Britain's squad topped the medal table in the Olympic sailing competition.
FEVER AFTER TAVI (TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION): IS IT INFLAMMATION OR INFECTION?
Authors: Irene Franzoni, Azeem Latib, Alaide Chieffo, Letizia Bertoldi, Francesco Maisano, Micaela Cioni, Gill Buchanan, Filippo Figini, Matteo Montorfano, Mauro Carlino, Ottavio Alfieri, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
For whom was article on investigating suspected heart failure intended?
Authors: A. Davie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Aim</h3> Serum pepsinogen (sPG) has been used to help in diagnosing atrophic corpus gastritis and in screening for gastric cancer non-invasively. There are as yet no reports on sPG reference intervals (RIs) with latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (LIA). In this study, we established the RIs for sPG in a healthy Chinese population using LIA. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum PGI and PGII levels in a healthy population (aged 17–80 years) were measured simultaneously using LIA. RIs were determined following Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines using a non-parametric method. <h3>Results</h3> 95% RIs in men (ng/mL) were: ≤40 years old, 25.53–100.76 for PGI and ≤24.42 for PGII; 41–50 years old, 26.62–124.74 for PGI and ≤26.81 for PGII; and 51–80 years old, 30.40–153.25 for PGI and ≤32.62 for PGII. Corresponding RIs for women (ng/mL) were: ≤40 years old, 21.20–87.44 for PGI and ≤25.53 for PGII; and 41–80 years, 26.40–127.46 for PGI and ≤30.18 for PGII. 95% RI for PGI/PGII in both men and women at any age was ≥2.51. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We established the RIs for sPG using LIA in a healthy Chinese population, which can provide a reference for clinical and laboratory studies.
STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE SHOPE RABBIT PAPILLOMA VIRUS
Authors: Stanfield Rogers, Margaret Moore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

These studies make plain that the Shope papilloma virus induces the production of an arginase in rabbit squamous epithelium, and provide evidence that the information for the synthesis of the enzyme is derived from the virus rather than the rabbit. This form of induction is therefore different from that brought about by chemicals such as galactosides (36). Striking differences were shown between the physiochemical properties of Shope virus-induced arginase and other arginases of domestic and Kansas cottontail rabbits. The absence of a requirement for manganese suggests the mechanism of splitting off urea from arginine by papilloma arginase probably differs from that of previously described arginases. These findings (particularly the experiments in which it was demonstrated that papilloma growth could be greatly reduced by giving animals supplemental arginine in the presence of small amounts of the arginase inhibitor, canavanine) provide evidence that suggests the following mechanism of action for the virus: viral DNA introduces into rabbit epithelium the information for the synthesis of an arginase for which the cells have no control mechanism. The arginase depletes cellular arginine and, in turn, the synthesis of arginine-rich nuclear histones (2), thereby freeing the nucleus for greater synthetic activity (4, 35), which results in more rapid growth of the papilloma cells. Domestic rabbit papillomas induced with purified virus derived from wild rabbit papillomas were shown to contain an antigen which reacts immunologically like a wild rabbit antigen. It was distinct from the arginase, the protein coat of the virus, and the Vx-2 antigen. The presence of the wild rabbit antigen seems indicative of integration of the virus DNA in the host genome of the wild rabbit. Other incidental findings include the description of a simple method, accurate to within 1 per cent, for determining the partial specific volume of a protein, and the description of a modification of the Richards and Schachman method (9) enabling the determination of the molecular weight and homogeneity of a protein with as little as 0.25 mg and with an accuracy of 2 per cent.
Use of Ethoglucid in Treatment of Advanced Malignant Disease
Authors: M. R. Bond, S. D. Clarke, F. E. Neal
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Cytotoxic compounds used in the treatment of advanced malignant disease rarely effect cures but often relieve symptoms and prolong life.A major disadvantage has proved to be extensive haemopoietic depression resulting from bone-marrow damage due, in part, to persistence of the agent in the circulation.Localization of the compounds to the tumour-bearing area in an attempt to reduce this hazard and to achieve a higher local concentration was first described by Klopp and his co-workers (Klopp et al., 1950a, 1950b; Barberio et al., 1951).This study reports a clinical trial of a new alkylating agent ethoglucid (triethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether; "epodyl,") which has been shown in animal experiments to be rapidly destroyed in the liver (Duncan, 1962), and thus possibly less damaging to the bone-marrow (Greenshields et al., 1962).In this trial attempts were made, firstly, to assess the value of ethoglucid administered intravenously in the treatment of disseminated malignant disease, and, secondly, to increase the tumour concentration by infusing it after selective arterial catheterization in patients with locally advanced malignant disease. Clinical MaterialA total of 70 patients were treated with ethoglucid between March 1961 and March 1963.Of these, 22 were treated by intravenous injection and 48 by intra-arterial infusion.The
521 THE VASOPRESSIN-2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST SATAVAPTAN IMPROVES PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN THE NON-ASCITIC THIOACETAMIDE CIRRHOTIC RAT WITHIN A NARROW SAFE AND EFFECTIVE DOSE-RANGE
Authors: W. Laleman, J. Trebicka, L. Van Landeghem, I. Vander Elst, T. Sauerbruch, D. Cassiman, F. Nevens
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Behavior Therapy in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Joseph Wolpe
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is much substance in the criticisms made by Hilde Bruch; but her inferences about behavior therapy in general are incorrect. It is undeniable that the behavior therapy procedures in the cases she describes produced unsatisfactory results because they were inadequate to the patients' problems. Any system of treatment, of course, has its failures; but one should not condemn a system if it fails when it is used improperly, as it was in these cases. Behavior therapy is defined as the application of experimentally established principles of learning to overcoming unadaptive learned habits. (The expression "behavior modification" that Dr. Bruch employs has often been used as a synonym for behavior therapy, but its range of application actually goes far beyond the clinical context.) As the definition might suggest, behavior therapy is relevant in any psychiatric case whose unadaptive behavior has been acquired by learning. This means, in
The extension technique: a new method of demonstrating initial lymph vessels in excised human skin
Authors: D. LUBACH, A. WAWRZYNIAK-SCHULZ, D. NEUKAM, S. NISSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The initial lymph vessels, the lymph capillaries and precollectors, are difficult to detect in normal skin using routine histological methods. A method is described in which specimens of the skin are fixed in an expanded condition. In 1.05 microns thick plastic-embedded sections the dilated lymph vessels of the skin can be demonstrated. The dermal lymph vessel network can be seen following the subepidermal injection of a coloured solution. The endothelial cells and subendothelial fibrous network can be examined using electron microscopy.
Bilateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves from an anterolateral approach.
Authors: G H Mills, D Kyroussis, C H Hamnegard, M I Polkey, M Green, J Moxham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We investigated whether bilateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves from an anterolateral approach (BAMPS) could combine the reproducibility and ease of use of cervical magnetic stimulation (CMS) with the specificity of bilateral electrical stimulation (BES) and whether it could be used in supine subjects. We placed two double 43-mm coils over the phrenic nerves in the neck. BAMPS produced supramaximal phrenic stimulation by electromyogram (EMG) assessment in six of seven subjects. There was no significant difference in the twitch gastric pressure/twitch esophageal pressure ratio (twitch Pgas/Pes) between BAMPS (1.2) and BES (1.3). Both differed from CMS (0.9, p < 0.001). The effect of a change in posture on twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (TwPdi) and Pgas/Pes ratio was the same for BAMPS and BES. In normal subjects and patients BAMPS correlated significantly with BES (r = 0.97), maximal sniffs (r = 0.85), and CMS (r = 0.92). The mean difference between BAMPS and BES was 0.3 cm H2O (SD = 2.3). Two-minute maximal isocapnic ventilation produced a 19% fall in TwPdi elicited by BAMPS. BAMPS is easy, well tolerated and can be used in the supine subject. TwPdi and partitioning of Pes and Pgas were very close for BAMPS and BES, suggesting similar specificity for the diaphragm.
Increased expression of microRNA-146a decreases myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Xiaohui Wang, Tuanzhu Ha, Li Liu, Jianghuan Zou, Xia Zhang, John Kalbfleisch, Xiang Gao, David Williams, Chuanfu Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

We have reported that either toll-like receptor 4 deficiency (TLR4−/−) or TLR2 modulation protects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanisms involve attenuation of I/R-induced nuclear factor KappaB (NF-κB) activation. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) has been reported to target interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), resulting in inhibiting NF-κB activation. This study examined the role of microRNA-146a in myocardial I/R injury. We constructed lentivirus expressing miR-146a (LmiR-146a). LmiR-146a was transfected into mouse hearts through the right common carotid artery. The lentivirus vector (LmiR-Con) served as vector control. Untransfected mice served as I/R control. Sham operation served as sham control. Seven days after transfection, the hearts were subjected to ischaemia (60 min) followed by reperfusion (4 h). Myocardial infarct size was analysed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. In separate experiments, the hearts were subjected to ischaemia (60 min) followed by reperfusion for up to 7 days. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography prior to I/R, 3 and 7 days after myocardial I/R. LmiR-146a transfection significantly decreased I/R-induced myocardial infarct size by 55% and prevented I/R-induced decreases in ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (%FS). LmiR-146a transfection attenuated I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis and caspase-3/7 and -8 activities. LmiR-146a transfection suppresses IRAK1 and TRAF6 expression in the myocardium. In addition, transfection of LmiR-146a prevented I/R-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production. MicroRNA-146a protects the myocardium from I/R injury. The mechanisms may involve attenuation of NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production by suppressing IRAK1 and TRAF6.
Health problems of anaesthetists and their families.
Authors: A Spence, R P Knill-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1979)

up to examine the long-term effects of therapy and also the incidence of second (possibly treatment-related) neoplasms.There is some evidence (from our own experience and the data of others1 2) that the incidence of testicular tumours is increasing.Agreement on treatment protocols and clinical studies and national co-operation on histologi- cal and staging assessments (including serum marker levels), which would result from setting up a national study group based on specialist treatment centres, should help ensure that the maximum possible number of these young men survive to enjoy a normal life span, and also lead to an increase in the understanding of the biology of this uncommon but interesting group of tumours.
Experiences in Establishing School Consultation
Authors: H. SPENCER BLOCH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author explores issues faced by clinicians trained in child guidance as they adapt their skills to the more broadly based orientation of school mental health consultation. He cites examples showing how establishment and maintenance of such services were hindered by the consultee's resistance, the consultant's over- or underinvolvement, and professional narcissism. The author hopes his experience will help others to cope with the disparities between theory and practice in consultation and to mitigate existing polarization of attitudes about it.
SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTROPHY OF THE PHARYNGEAL TONSIL.
Authors: GEORGE MORGENTHAU
Journal: JAMA (1900)

<h3>Symptoms.</h3> —Hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil is, in many cases, combined with enlargement of one or more other parts of Waldeyer's so-called lymphatic ring of the pharynx, and of the adenoid or lymphatic tissue found in all the mucous membranes. The symptoms produced by these abnormal conditions, while mainly traceable to the pharyngeal tonsil, may not be ascribed to it entirely, but must be considered in reference to a possible constitutional anomaly of which the adenoid vegetations are but a local manifestation. The most common of these is the excessive discharge which flows either into the nasopharynx or into the nose. It is of thick consistency, sometimes with a slight odor, and comes from Luschka's tonsil itself or from the nose. The tonsillar secretion in conjunction with the venous stasis, especially of the posterior ends of the lower turbinals, and the mechanical interference with drainage of the nasal chambers, by
Severe impairment in adenine metabolism with a partial deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
Authors: Naoyuki Kamatani, Fujio Takeuchi, Yutaro Nishida, Hisashi Yamanaka, Kusuki Nishioka, Kiyoshi Tatara, Shin Fujimori, Kiyoko Kaneko, Ieo Akaoka, Yohei Tofuku
Journal: Metabolism (1985)
Immunological studies of T-cell receptors. II. Limited polymorphism of idiotypic determinants on T-cell receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex alloantigens.
Authors: D Bellgrau, D B Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

These studies explore the extent of genetic polymorphism in the expression of anti-MHC receptors by T cells in different strains of rats. This question was approached with the use of the model of specifically induced GVH resistance in F1 rats which has been shown to reflect a specific T-cell mediated immune response against parental strain T cell anti-MHC receptors specific for host alloantigens. When A/B F1 rats derived from MHC incompatibile matings are immunized with lymphocytes from one parental strain (A they display a specific resistance to anti-B GVH reactivity caused by T cells from that parental strain, but not anti-AGVH reactions from the other. In addition, they resist anti-B GHV reactivity by T cells from third-party donors (C, D, E,...), a finding taken to indicate that the idiotypes of anti-MHC receptors on T cells, recognized by other T cells, show little or no polymorphism. This conclusion suggests that anti-MHC receptors are shared in the species and may be encoded, at least partially, by germ-line genes.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TUBERCULOSIS TO FISTULA IN ANO
Authors: W. A. FANSLER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The relationship of tuberculosis to fistula in ano has long been the subject of considerable acrimonious discussion. At present there is a wide difference of opinion as to the extent of this relationship, reports varying from 1.4 per cent, to 70 per cent.  Andreal1states that in 1,592 cases of fistula in ano, 234 presented pulmonary tuberculosis either active or latent. He does not state how many of the fistulas were tuberculous in character. Gant2estimates that 10 per cent, of all rectal fistulas are tuberculous. Hartman states that from 10 to 14 per cent, of all patients with rectal fistula have active pulmonary tuberculosis, that 50 per cent, of all fistulas are tuberculous, and that 5 per cent, of all tuberculous patients have fistula. Dudley,3in a series of seventy-two cases seen at Bellevue hospital, found only one case tuberculous, or 1.4 per cent. Walsham4
Coronary artery disease and women
Authors: G Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Coronary artery disease is now the commonest cause of death in women in many countries, including Britain and the United States.1 Its incidence increases with age, rising rapidly after the menopause2: by 65 cardiovascular disease is equally common in men and women. As the proportion of older women in the population increases so the incidence of cardiovascular disease will increase. In the United States cardiovascular disease now kills proportionately more women than men.3 Before the age of 65 coronary artery disease is half as common in women as men, affecting affecting one in nine women aged 45 to 64. But coronary artery disease also affects premenopausal women - a quarter of the deaths from myo-cardial infarction in women under 65 occur in women under 45.

The first hurdle in assessing coronary artery disease in women is to increase awareness of its existence - both among doctors and among women themselves. Women with coronary artery disease usually present differently from men.4 They present more commonly with angina than infarction. Furthermore, their symptoms are more likely to have atypical features and are more often attributed to non-cardiac causes - especially in younger women, in whom coronary artery disease is uncommon. Exercise testing is as useful in women as men when they are aged 65 or over (when the incidence of coronary artery disease is the same), but in younger women, with a lower incidence of coronary artery disease, the rate of false positive results is likely to be higher. (This may explain the finding that women with chest pain are five times more likely to have normal coronary arteries than men.5,6)

Assessing chest pain in women, Sullivan et al confirmed the limited value of exercise testing in predicting coronary artery disease in women …
Therapeutic potential of an anti-CD79b antibody–drug conjugate, anti–CD79b-vc-MMAE, for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: David Dornan, Fiona Bennett, Yvonne Chen, Mark Dennis, Dan Eaton, Kristi Elkins, Dorothy French, Mary Ann T. Go, Andrew Jack, Jagath R. Junutula, Hartmut Koeppen, Jeffrey Lau, Jacqueline McBride, Andy Rawstron, Xiaoyan Shi, Nancy Yu, Shang-Fan Yu, Peng Yue, Bing Zheng, Allen Ebens, Andrew G. Polson
Journal: Blood (2009)