tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
77 PREDICTION OF OVERALL AND LIVER-RELATED MORTALITY BY MULTIVARIATE PROGNOSTIC MODELS USING NON-INVASIVE FIBROSIS TESTS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: J. Boursier, S. Bertrais, P. Marsault, P. Rapilly, I. Fouchard-Hubert, F. Oberti, N. Dib, P. Calès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Adverse reactions to spironolactone. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program
Authors: D. J. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Of 13,349 hospitalized medical patients monitored in a drug surveillance program, 788 (5.9%) received spironolactone during one or more admissions. Adverse reactions were attributed to spironolactone in 164 patients (20.8%). Hyperkalemia was reported in 68 patients (8.6%). Frequency increased with the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and reached 20.3% in patients with BUN values of 50 mg/100 ml or greater. Hyperkalemia was far more common in patients who received potassium chloride concurrently (15.8%) than in those who did not (5.7%). Of patients with BUN values of 50 mg/100 ml or greater who received potassium chloride, 42.1% became hyperkalemic. Other adverse reactions were less common; dehydration (3.4%), hyponatremia (2.4%), gastrointestinal symptoms (2.3%), neurological disturbances (2.0%), and skin rashes (0.5%). The frequency of these events was not related to BUN levels.
Increased Blood Pressure during Potassium Depletion in Normotensive Men
Authors: G. Gopal Krishna, Ellen Miller, Shiv Kapoor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse relation between potassium intake and the prevalence of hypertension. To investigate the effect of dietary potassium restriction on blood pressure, we used a randomized crossover design to study 10 healthy, normotensive men randomly assigned to isocaloric diets (each lasting nine days) providing either low (10 mmol per day) or normal (90 mmol per day) amounts of potassium, while sodium intake was maintained at the subjects' usual levels (120 to 200 mmol per day). With the low-potassium diet, plasma potassium levels declined from 3.8 to 3.2 mmol per liter (P<0.001), but plasma sodium and chloride levels were unchanged. The average daily excretion of urinary sodium (±SEM) on the low-potassium diet was significantly lower than that with the normal-potassium diet (100±10 vs. 144±10 mmol; P<0.001). The mean arterial pressure did not change significantly during normal potassium intake, but it increased over the nine days of the low-potassium diet from 90.9±2.2 to 95.0±2.2 mm Hg (P<0.05). Both mean arterial (P<0.01) and diastolic (P<0.005) pressures were significantly higher after the low-potassium diet than after the normal-potassium diet. Potassium depletion suppressed plasma aldosterone levels but had no effect on plasma renin activity or on arginine vasopressin or catecholamine levels. A saline infusion further increased the mean arterial pressure in the potassium-depleted subjects but had no effect in the control group (P<0.05). We conclude that short-term potassium depletion increases blood pressure in healthy, normotensive men and permits further increases in blood pressure after saline loading. We found no evidence that the hypertensive effect of potassium depletion resulted from changes in either renal hemodynamics or circulating levels of vasoactive hormones. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1177–82.)
Effect of inotropic stimulation on the negative force-frequency relationship in the failing human heart.
Authors: R H Schwinger, M Böhm, J Müller-Ehmsen, R Uhlmann, U Schmidt, A Stäblein, P Uberfuhr, E Kreuzer, B Reichart, H J Eissner
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND In severe human heart failure, an increase in frequency of stimulation is accompanied by a reduced force of contraction in vivo and in vitro. The present study was aimed to investigate whether inotropic stimulation influences the inverse force-frequency relationship in failing human myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of the cAMP-independent positive inotropic agents ouabain (0.01 mumol/L) and BDF 9148 (0.1 mumol/L) as well as the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (0.01 mumol/L and 0.1 mumol/L) on the force-frequency relationship in electrically driven papillary muscle strips from nonfailing (brain death, n = 5) and terminally failing (NYHA class IV, heart transplants, dilated cardiomyopathy, n = 22) human myocardium were studied. For comparison, we examined the effect of elevation of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration (3.2 mmol/L and 6.2 mmol/L). In nonfailing myocardium, force of contraction, peak rate of tension rise, and peak rate of tension decay increased, whereas time to peak tension and time to half relaxation decreased following an increase of stimulation frequency. In NYHA class IV, force of contraction gradually declined followed by changes of other parameters of isometric contraction. Moderate stimulation of contractility by isoprenaline (0.01 mumol/L) partly reversed the negative force-frequency relationship in NYHA class IV and preserved the positive force-frequency relationship in nonfailing myocardium. The addition of ouabain and BDF 9148 together restored completely the force-frequency relationship in NYHA class IV. In contrast, high concentrations of isoprenaline (0.1 mumol/L) and an elevation of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration enhanced the decline in force of contraction in the presence of higher stimulation frequencies. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that functionally important changes occur in the intracellular Ca2+ handling, leading to the negative force-frequency relationship in terminally failing human myocardium. Interestingly, the negative force-frequency relationship can be restored by agents producing positive inotropic effects by elevation of the intracellular Na+ concentration. These findings suggest that hitherto unknown changes in the intracellular ionic homeostasis occur in the failing human heart. Even though increasing [Ca2+]i in failing heart cells may be detrimental, increasing [Na+bdi may be beneficial through a mechanism independent of an increase in [Ca2+]i.
Non‐Allergenic Haemolysins in Grass Pollens and Housedust Mites
Authors: D. L. J. Freed, C. H. Buckley, Y. Tsivion, N. Sharon, D. H. Katz
Journal: Allergy (1983)

25 batches of pollen (six common grasses, maize, short ragweed) and two batches of housedust mite ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ) all contained haemolysins. The haemolysins of two grass pollens and of the housedust mites were of small MW (l00–200 Da) and apparently non‐allergenic. Both caused inflammation when injected into human skin, at doses that could be experienced naturally. The “allergic” airways diseases may not be entirely immunologically mediated.
Targeted Disruption of the Catalytic Subunit of the DNA-PK Gene in Mice Confers Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Radiosensitivity
Authors: Guillermo E Taccioli, Aldo G Amatucci, Heather J Beamish, David Gell, Xie H Xiang, Maria I.Torres Arzayus, Ann Priestley, Stephen P Jackson, Ann Marshak Rothstein, Penny A Jeggo, Victoria L.M Herrera
Journal: Immunity (1998)
The Use of Areas Under Curves in Diabetes Research
Authors: David B Allison, Furcy Paultre, Carol Maggio, Nicholas Mezzitis, F Xavier Pi-Sunyer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

Recently, several articles appearing in the diabetes literature have suggested that many investigators are unclear about a number of issues involving the use of areas under the curve (AUCs). This prompted us to reconsider issues in the calculation, use, meaning, and presentation of AUCs. We discuss five issues: 1) What is a curve and an area? 2) How should one graphically present a group's curve? 3) How should one calculate AUCs? 4) Should one subtract baseline values from outcome values before calculating AUCs? And 5) are AUCs the best way to combine multiple readings into a single index?
Iliofemoral arterial complications of balloon angioplasty for systemic obstructions in infants and children.
Authors: P E Burrows, L N Benson, W G Williams, G A Trusler, J Coles, J F Smallhorn, R M Freedom
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The medical and radiological records of 64 consecutive infants and children who underwent transfemoral balloon dilation of the aorta or aortic valve were reviewed to determine the incidence, nature, and post-treatment outcome of acute iliofemoral complications. Balloon dilation angioplasty or balloon valvotomy was performed with 8F and 9F catheters without an arterial sheath. Patients ranged in age from 5 days to 15.4 years (mean, 6.4 years). Of 64 patients, 29 (45.3%) had an acute iliofemoral complication, including thrombosis (18 of 64), complete disruption (five of 64), incomplete disruption (three of 64), and arterial tear (three of 64). The arterial pathology was confirmed in 23 of 29 patients by one or a combination of surgical exploration and repair (18 of 29), angiography (six of 29), and magnetic resonance imaging (three of 29). Of eight patients, three with arterial disruption had acute hypotension requiring transfusion and immediate surgery; the other five had absent pedal pulses after the procedure. Of these five, three developed bleeding during thrombolytic therapy and underwent surgical exploration, and two were diagnosed by angiography after ineffective thrombolytic therapy. Angiography in three patients with iliac artery avulsion showed tapered occlusion in two and an aneurysm in one. In patients with iliofemoral thrombosis, angiography showed occlusion from the puncture site to the origin of the external iliac artery. Eleven patients (17% of the entire group and 38% of the group with acute iliofemoral complications) had reduced or absent pedal pulses at the time of discharge. A significant correlation was found between increased incidence of iliofemoral thrombosis and disruption (as well as abnormal pedal pulses at hospital discharge) and low patient weight.
New alcohol strategy being developed for England
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A strategy for implementing screening for alcohol misuse and brief intervention is being developed for use in primary healthcare settings in England.

Patients who drink excessively present to GPs and other primary health practitioners twice as often as other patients and may make up 20% of patients on a practice list, according to the Newcastle based research team that is developing the strategy.

Several studies have shown, however, that problem drinkers who receive 5-10 minutes of structured advice …
Unequal weight: equity oriented policy responses to the global obesity epidemic
Authors: Sharon Friel, Mickey Chopra, David Satcher
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Tendinopathy, a pathological condition caused by tendon overuse, adversely affects millions of people in athletic and occupational settings worldwide. The underlying molecular mechanisms in the development of tendinopathy are poorly understood, however, increased mast cell numbers have been detected in human patellar tendinopathy specimens. Mast cells are known to increase fibroblast proliferation and collagen production leading to fibrosis in some tissues. The present study was carried out to determine the effects of mast cells on isolated human tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) and explore a possible role for mast cells in the development of tendinopathy. <h3>Methods</h3> Primary human tenocytes were isolated from hamstring tendons of healthy donors. Light and electron microscopy were used to examine a physical association between mast cells (HMC-1) and tenocytes, in vitro. Collagen gel contraction assay was used to examine the effects of mast cells on isolated tenocytes. Cell viability and proliferation was assessed by MTS assay. Gene expression was quantitated by qPCR. <h3>Results</h3> HMC-1 mast cells were shown by light and electron microscopy to physically bind to primary tenocytes through adherent junctions. Immunostaining for stem cell factor (SCF), a mast cell growth factor, showed homogeneous expression of this protein on the surface of tenocytes. Additionally, qPCR showed an increase in tenocyte SCF mRNA expression in the presence of mast cells. In other experiments, both mast cells and mast cell sonicates were shown to induce tenocyte mediated contraction of collagen gel, which appeared to be driven by TGF-β1. MTS assay showed a mast cell mediated increase in tenocyte survival and proliferation. <h3>Discussion</h3> These findings suggest that either through physical association with tenocytes and/or release of mediators, mast cells could play a role in the regulation and activation of tenocytes. Further studies are underway to investigate the molecular mechanisms of mast cell-tenocyte interactions and whether these could play a role in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy.
Beta-adrenergic receptors in chronic alcoholic rat hearts
Authors: L. D SEGEL, D. T MASON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

Properties of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors from chronic alcoholic and control rats were studied to determine whether alterations in the receptor contribute to the decreased responsiveness of isolated working alcoholic rat hearts to β-adrenergic stimulation. The receptors, assessed in crude membrane fractions by the binding of (−)[3H]dihydroalprenolol, did not differ significantly in either number or affinity in alcoholic rats (22.5± 1.9 fmol·mg protein−1; KD=0.49 ±0.03 nmol·litre−1; n=7) compared with control rats (25.9±1.3 fmol·mg protein−1; KD=0.55 ±0.04 nmol·litre−1; n=7). Competition experiments indicated that there was no difference in the binding affinity of (−)isoprenaline for the alcoholic and control rat heart receptors, nor in the affinity of (−)propranolol for the alcoholic and control rat heart receptors. In the presence of 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate, the affinity of (−)isoprenaline for the receptors was decreased the same amount in the alcoholic and control rat hearts. These results suggest that the β-adrenergic subsensitivity of chronic alcoholic rat hearts is mediated by a biochemical mechanism other than a direct alteration of the β-adrenergic receptor or coupling between the receptor and adenylate cyclase.
Pressor Effects of Norepinephrine After Drastic Reduction of Sodium Intake
Authors: L. K. DAHL
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The mechanisms whereby dietary sodium restriction leads to decreased arterial blood pressure is obscure. Previously reported studies of patients with arterial hypertension showed a lessened pressor response to norepinephrine after sodium restriction. In the present investigations, reduction in pressor response to norepinephrine during the low sodium period was observed only occasionally; sodium restriction decreases blood pressure in some hypertensive patients by other unknown mechanisms.
SULFANILAMIDE IN THE THERAPY OF ACTINOMYCOSIS
Authors: LEONARD DOBSON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Chemotherapeutic successes in the field of bacterial and protozoal infections have not yet been equaled in the virus or fungus groups. Of the virus infections, only venereal lymphogranuloma and trachoma have seemed responsive to sulfanilamide. There have been relatively few reports of the effect of sulfanilamide in fungous infections. Six clinical reports have mentioned the use of sulfanilamide or related compounds in actinomycosis, and one report describes a trial of the drug in an experimental infection. The earliest of these was that of Walker,<sup>1</sup>who in 1938 reported a case of abdominal actinomycosis arising from the appendix, which healed quickly after two courses of sulfanilamide. The first course lasted six days and the second five days, with an interval of ten days. The dosage was 1 Gm. three times a day throughout. Compound solution of iodine and potassium iodide had been given previously without effect. Bailey,<sup>2</sup>also in
Mercury in Commercial Fish: Optimizing Individual Choices to Reduce Risk
Authors: Joanna Burger, Alan H. Stern, Michael Gochfeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Most attention to the risks from fish consumption has focused on recreational anglers and on fish caught by individuals, but the majority of fish that people eat are purchased from commercial sources. We examined mercury levels in three types of fish (tuna, flounder, bluefish) commonly available in New Jersey stores, sampling different regions of the state, in communities with high and low per capita incomes, and in both supermarkets and specialty fish markets. We were interested in species-specific levels of mercury in New Jersey fish and whether these levels were similar to data generated nationally by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA; mainly from 1990 to 1992) on the same types of fish. Such information is critical for providing public health advice. We were also interested in whether mercury levels in three common species of fish differed by region of the state, economic neighborhood, or type of store. We found significant species differences, with tuna having the highest levels and flounder the lowest levels. There were no significant differences in mercury levels as a function of type of store or economic neighborhood. There was only one regional difference: flounder from fish markets along the Jersey shore had higher mercury levels than flounder bought in other markets. We also examined mercury levels in six other commonly available fish and two shellfish from central New Jersey markets. There were significant differences in availability and in mercury levels among fish and shellfish. Both shrimp and scallops had total mercury levels < 0.02 ppm (wet weight). Large shrimp had significantly lower levels of mercury than small shrimp. For tuna, sea bass, croaker, whiting, scallops, and shrimp, the levels of mercury were higher in New Jersey samples than those reported by the FDA. Consumers selecting fish for ease of availability (present in > 50% of markets) would select flounder, snapper, bluefish, and tuna (tuna had the highest mercury value), and those selecting only for price would select whiting, porgy, croaker, and bluefish (all with average mercury levels < 0.3 ppm wet weight). Flounder was the fish with the best relationship among availability, cost, and low mercury levels. We suggest that state agencies responsible for protecting the health of their citizens should obtain information on fish availability in markets and fish preferences of diverse groups of citizens and use this information to select fish for analysis of contaminant levels, providing data on the most commonly eaten fish that will help people make informed decisions about risks from fish consumption.
Constrictive Pericarditis, Pneumopericardium and Aortic Aneurysm Due to Histoplasma Capsulatum
Authors: Arthur E. Rosenbaum, H. Irving Schweppe, Erwin R. Rabin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

CONSTRICTIVE pericarditis due to Histoplasma capsulatum has been the subject of several recent reports.1 , 2 In addition to constrictive pericarditis, a recent patient demonstrated pneumopericardium and fatal rupture of a mycotic aneurysm, all due to H. capsulatum infection. This unusual case with noteworthy physical, radiographic and anatomic findings is presented below.Case ReportA 41-year-old outdoor workman was admitted to the Jefferson Davis Hospital on April 27, 1963, because of progressive breathlessness. He had been well until 3 months previously, when anorexia, retching, diarrhea, chills and fever developed. This was followed by exertional dyspnea, which ultimately became so severe that he . . .
Abstract 3488: In vitro activity of the IGF-1R inhibitor CP-751,871, as a single agent and in combination with paclitaxel, in lung and colon cell lines
Authors: M. Teresa Agullo-Ortuño, C. Vanessa Díaz-García, Analía Rodríguez, Ana Cortijo, José A. López-Martín, Rocío García-Carbonero, Fernando López-Ríos, Hernán Cortés-Funes, Luis Paz-Ares
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Signaling through the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been implicated in the resistance to a number of clinically relevant anti-cancer agents. Objective: To assess the direct anti-tumour effects of the IGF-1R monoclonal antibody CP-751,871, as a single agent and in combination with paclitaxel, in lung and colon cancer cell lines. Methods: Four lung (A549, HCC78, H1299 and H460) and four colon (LS180, Colo205, HT29 and DLD1) cancer cell lines were selected. The experiments were designed to test the effects of simultaneous or sequential exposure to with CP-751,871 and/or paclitaxel. In the sequential arm, cells were pretreated with progressive doses of paclitaxel (from 0 to1000 nM) for 24 hours, drug removed by washing the cells twice, followed by the addition of cell culture medium plus CP-751,871 (50 μg/mL). After 48 hours of continuous presence of CP-751,871, cell growth was evaluated by WST-1 cell survival assays. In simultaneous treatment, cells were treated with both Paclitaxel (0-1000 nM) and CP-751,871 (50 μg/mL) for 48 hours. Flow cytometric analysis was used to estimate the effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. IGF-IR mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Relative gene expression values were calculated by the ΔΔCt method. Results: No correlation between basal IGF-IR mRNA expression and response to CP-751,871 was observed. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that CP-751,871 enhanced cell cycle arrest at the G1/G0 checkpoint with minimal effects on apoptosis. Combined exposure to both CP-751,871 and Paclitaxel showed improved response in cell growth inhibition on HCC78, H1299, Colo205 and HT29 cell lines, and was statistically superior to Paclitaxel alone (p&amp;lt; 0.001) and CP-751,871 alone (p&amp;lt; 0.001). The results were even better after a sequential exposure. On the contrary, in H460, LS180 and DLD-1 cell lines, concomitant, but no sequential treatment resulted in antagonistic interactions. Conclusions: CP-751,871 showed a modest anti-tumour activity (about 30% growth inhibition in lung cancer cells; 10% growth inhibition in DLD1 and HT29 cell lines; and bigger inhibition in Colo205 (IC50=27.6 μg/mL) and LS180 (IC50=2.33 μg/mL) cell lines), predominantly cytostatic, that is not related to the mRNA expression. The effects of CP-751,871 in combination with paclitaxel depend on the cell line model and on the sequence of administration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3488.
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 governs lymphatic vessel formation as an interstitial collagenase
Authors: Benoit Detry, Charlotte Erpicum, Jenny Paupert, Silvia Blacher, Catherine Maillard, Françoise Bruyère, Hélène Pendeville, Thibault Remacle, Vincent Lambert, Cédric Balsat, Sandra Ormenese, Françoise Lamaye, Els Janssens, Lieve Moons, Didier Cataldo, Frédéric Kridelka, Peter Carmeliet, Marc Thiry, Jean-Michel Foidart, Ingrid Struman, Agnès Noel
Journal: Blood (2012)
Spontaneous reversible renal artery stenosis after renal allotransplantation;.
Authors: A J Vegter, E Bosch, D Westra, H Linschoten
Journal: BMJ (1978)

An instrument has been designed ..for securing the hand during surgery.Simple fastening on any size of hand, left or right, is per- mitted and access to either flexor or extensor surface is equally convenient.We have established the efficiency of the instrument in use.
Dual-Parameter Immunoflow Cytometry in Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Feliksas Jankevicius, Taro Shibayama, Klaus Decken, Hans Bojar, Claus-Dietrich Gerharz, Thomas Ebert, Rolf Ackermann, Bernd J. Schmitz-Dr&auml;ger
Journal: European Urology (1998)