tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BCG-osis and tuberculosis in a child with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Jacinta Bustamante, Guzide Aksu, Guillaume Vogt, Ludovic de Beaucoudrey, Ferah Genel, Ariane Chapgier, Orchidée Filipe-Santos, Jacqueline Feinberg, Jean-François Emile, Necil Kutukculer, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
THE RELATION OF GENERAL DISEASE TO THE FORMATION OF CATARACT.
Authors: CLARENCE R. DUFOUR
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The etiology of cataract may be classed under the following heads: Disease of the eye; diseases, which by some influence, exerted through the blood or the nervous system, interfere or impair the nutrition of the lens; and senile degeneration, certain pathologic conditions within the eyeball, especially of the choroid, are great factors in the production of cataract; yet may not the general or constitutional trouble manifest itself upon the choroid and these changes be secondary to the lowered health condition? The occurrence of cataract after middle life indicates the influence of senile change. It is generally conceded that senility or age exerts a powerful influence in the production of this condition of the lens. Cataract, in opinion of the writer, is not due to age, in the sense as we say that poisoning is due to the poison, or iodism to the iodin; it is senile in the same sense
Accuracy and Predictive Value of Classification Schemes for Ketosis-Prone Diabetes: Response to Balasubramanyam et al.
Authors: Cristian Fernández, Marga Giménez, Gonzalo Díaz, Ignacio Conget
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We have read with interest the study by Balasubramanyam et al. (1). They described a new classification scheme (Aβ classification) based on C-peptide levels and the presence or absence of β-cell autoantibodies to predict long-term β-cell function and insulin independence in patients who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). They reported a sensitivity of 99.4%, a specificity of 95.9%, and a positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 24.55 in the total cohort of 294 subjects. In the subset of 138 subjects presenting with DKA as new-onset diabetes, 99.1%, 95.5%, and 21.79 sensitivity, specificity, and positive LR, respectively, were observed.

To evaluate the performance of this new classification in a Caucasian-Spanish population, 40 consecutive adult …
Change in ventricular cavity size: differential effects on QRS and T wave amplitude.
Authors: T Feldman, R W Childers, K M Borow, R M Lang, A Neumann
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Although many factors have been reported to change the R wave amplitude of the electrocardiogram (ECG), few observations have been made of the associated changes in T wave amplitude. We hypothesized that changes in R and T wave amplitude should parallel each other. To test this hypothesis, R and T wave amplitudes were measured in 15 normal subjects during increased and decreased left ventricular dimensions induced by infusion of methoxamine and by Valsalva maneuver, respectively, as well as during changes in the proximity of the left ventricle to the chest wall (i.e., shift in patient position from supine to left lateral position). Simultaneous nine-lead ECGs and two-dimensional-guided M mode echocardiograms of the left ventricle were recorded at rest and under each experimental condition. R wave amplitude increased as the left ventricular lateral wall moved closer to the V5 and V6 electrodes. Alterations in R wave amplitude seen with changes in left ventricular chamber size were primarily caused by radial movement of the left ventricle in relation to the chest wall. Proximity of the left ventricle to the chest wall was therefore a major determinant of R wave amplitude. In contrast, T wave amplitude varied directly with alterations in left ventricular chamber size but was unaffected by changes in proximity to the recording electrode on the chest wall. Left ventricular chamber size, and possibly the associated alteration in endocardial-to-epicardial surface area ratio, appeared to be the major determinants of T wave amplitude.
Ocular Anatomy, Embryology, and Teratology
Authors: Peter H. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This scholarly work by numerous distinguished contributors includes chapters on general topographical anatomy of the eye, prenatal development of the eye and its adnexa, periocular mesenchyme with neural crest and mesodermal interactions, cellular actions and interactions during ocular morphogenesis, cyclopia and synophthalmia as models of embryologic interactions, cornea, congenital and neonatal corneal abnormalities, functional anatomy of the anterior chamber angle, iris, ciliary body, zonular apparatus, and lens, clinical anatomy of the vitreous, functional anatomy of the vitreous and retina, retinal pigmented epithelium, choroid and superchoroid, sclera, development of the optic nerve, optic nerve axonal transport (both basic and clinical), ocular adnexa, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, functional anatomy of the extraocular muscles, orbital connective tissue, spatial aspects of the orbital vascular system, visual sensory system, computed tomography of the orbit and brain, eye movement, ocular teratology, and facial and orbital dysplastic syndromes.  The chapters are virtually uniform in excellence and organized in
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES DURING EXPERIMENTAL DIPHTHERITIC INTOXICATION. I. BLOOD SUGAR, LACTIC ACID AND NON-PROTEIN AND AMINO-ACID NITROGEN 1
Authors: Herman Yannet, Daniel C. Darrow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

The therapy of diphtheria and control of the disease is largely based on outstanding achievements in the field of immunology, starting with von Behring's discovery of antitoxin, going on to Schick's method of measuring susceptibility to toxin and culminating in the development of means of producing active immunity by injection of a toxin-antitoxin mixture.Al- though the administration of antitoxin constitutes the chief mode of treating diphtheria, in a considerable number of severe cases this therapy alone is inadequate.It was believed, therefore, that additional study of the meta- bolic disturbances of diphtheritic intoxication was indicated and might supply data which would suggest additional lines of treatment.This and three subsequent papers (29, 30) will report studies in this field.Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism during experimental and clinical diphtheritic intoxication have been the subject of intensive investigation.In 1914, Rosenthal (1) demonstrated delayed sugar tolerance curves in rabbits following the injection of diphtheria toxin.This was confirmed by other in- vestigators (2, 3, 4).With doses of toxin which lead to death in two to three days, Rosenthal and others (4, 5, 6) frequently found markedly reduced fasting blood sugar values, 12 to 24 hours before the death of the animals.Lawrence and Buckley (7), injecting smaller doses of diphtheria toxin (causing death in from 6 to 8 days), noted the occasional occurrence of a pre-lethal rise in the blood.sugar.Schwentker and Noel (6) demonstrated a similar tendency to- wards hyperglycemia in the less severely intoxicated animals.They found a fairly close direct relationship between the period of survival and the elevation of the blood sugar.Impairment of the normal blood sugar depressing action of insulin was demonstrated in rabbits poisoned with diphtheria toxin by Lawrence and Buckley (7) and by Netzley (8).Sweeney (4), on the other hand, could find no diminution in the response to insulin, under similar conditions.Investigations during the course of diphtheria in humans yielded results which are similar in many respects to those cited above.Hector (9), in 1926, found delayed sugar tolerance curves in 5 of 6 patients.These tests, when re- peated during convalescence, were all normal.Similar findings were reported
Abstract 4535: CENP-E and c-Myc expression identifies a sensitive population of gastric cancer
Authors: Gang Li, Conglin Fan, Shibing Deng, Jiangchun Xu, Stephanie Shi, Kai Wang, Bernadette Pascual, Pei-Pei Kung, Suet Yi Leung, Siu Tsan Yue
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) is expressed during mitosis and plays an essential role in establishing and maintaining stable connections between mitotic chromosomes and the microtubules of the spindle. Previous preclinical studies have shown that inhibition of CENP-E function by small interfering RNA, blocking antibodies or small molecule inhibitors arrested cell cycle before metaphase, and could lead to cell death. In a number of cancers, CENP-E is frequently overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with their normal counterparts. In this study, we showed that CENP-E is overexpressed in about 60% of gastric cancer (intestinal and diffuse-type) tissues. In addition, c-Myc up-regulation was observed in more than 50% of the same samples. Overall, about 40% of all gastric tumor samples harbor both CENP-E and c-Myc upregulation. Using a panel of small molecule inhibitors of CENP-E, we evaluated in vitro anti-proliferation effect in a panel of gastric cancer cell lines. Our data suggested that cells with higher levels of c-Myc transcript were more sensitive to CENP-E inhibition. This preliminary study indicated that c-Myc amplification and/or over-expression could be a potential biomarker for selecting gastric cancer patients more likely to respond to CENP-E inhibition. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4535. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4535
Calpain inhibitor I and colonic inflammation induced by DNBS in the rat
Authors: A Ballinger
Journal: Gut (2002)

We read with interest the paper by Cuzzocrea et al in which they demonstrated the marked beneficial effects of calpain inhibitor I on colonic inflammation induced by dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS) in the rat. On the basis of their findings, they suggest that calpain inhibitor I treatment may be useful in inflammatory bowel disease ( Gut 2001; 48 :478–88).

It is debatable whether a model that is associated with a mortality of 40% and 80% at two and six days, respectively, after induction of colitis has any relevance to human disease. The different numbers given in the text (seven animals per group) and figure 4 (10 rats in each group) further confuse interpretation of the mortality data. The authors have apparently taken their methods for induction of colitis from previously published work although the paper that they quote described induction of ileitis (not colitis) in guinea pigs.1 We also use a rat model of colitis and would suggest that intrarectal administration of 20 mg trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in 40% ethanol is associated with a mortality of less than 8% at seven days. …
Novel Markers of Subclinical Disease for Ewing Family Tumors from Gene Expression Profiling
Authors: Irene Y. Cheung, Yi Feng, Karen Danis, Neerav Shukla, Paul Meyers, Marc Ladanyi, Nai-Kong V. Cheung
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Targeting subclinical disease in the bone marrow is particularly relevant in metastatic Ewing family tumors (EFT) where cure is difficult. Genome-wide expression arrays can uncover novel genes differentially expressed in tumors over normal marrow/blood, which may have potentials as markers of subclinical disease. Experimental Design: Gene expression array data were obtained on 28 EFT tumors using the Affymetrix U133 gene chip and compared with 10 normal blood samples. Ten genes with high tumor to blood ratios were identified. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was done to study (a) the dynamic range of detection of rare tumor cells, (b) the gene expression in normal blood/marrow samples, (c) the gene expression among EFT tumors, and (d) the detection and prognostic impact of marker positivity in histology-negative diagnostic marrows of EFT patients. Results: Five of 10 genes (i.e., six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 [STEAP1], cyclin D1 [CCND1], NKX2-2 transcription factor [NKX2-2], plakophilin 1 [PKP1], and transmembrane protein 47 [TMEM47]) were chosen for further analyses based on their steep linear dynamic range in detecting tumor cells seeded in normal mononuclear cells and on their homogeneous expression among EFT tumors. Prognostic effect was evaluated in 35 histology-negative diagnostic marrows. Marker negativity of STEAP1, CCND1, or NKX2-2, as well as three markers in combination, was strongly correlated with patient survival as well as survival without new metastases. Conclusions: This gene expression array-based approach identified novel markers that may be informative at diagnosis for risk group assessment. Their clinical utility needs to be tested in large patient cohorts.
Selective Endoscopic Cholangiography for the Detection of Common Bile Duct Stones in Patients with Cholelithiasis
Authors: D. Katz, M. Nikfarjam, A. Sfakiotaki, C. Christophi
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: The detection and management of common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy continues to be controversial. Several diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have been suggested. These include intraoperative cholangiography, selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasonography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selective ERCP in detecting CBD stones in patients with cholelithiasis before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and Methods: In a prospective study, patients with cholelithiasis who presented during a 6-year period were assessed on a selective basis with ERCP for suspected CBD stones before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ERCP was carried out if the patient had any of the following criteria: a dilated CBD on ultrasound, gallstone pancreatitis, or abnormal liver function tests. Intraoperative cholangiography was not performed in any of the patients. Long-term follow-up was undertaken. Results: The study included 427 patients. On the basis of selective criteria, ERCP was carried out in 41 patients (9.6 %), with confirmed CBD stones in 22 cases (53.7 %). The most useful predictor of CBD stones on ERCP was the presence of a dilated CBD in association with abnormal liver function tests. In this situation, CBD stones were identified in 14 of 17 cases (82 %). Abnormal liver function tests alone had a sensitivity of 50 % (four of eight). All other parameters used in isolation had a lower detection rate. During a median follow-up period of 6 years (range 1-10 years), six of 386 patients (1.6 %) with initially normal imaging and biochemical tests presented again with retained stones. All were successfully managed by ERCP and sphincterotomy. There were no major complications. Conclusions: Preoperative selective ERCP is effective in detecting clinically significant CBD stones. However, there is a high false-negative rate when a single criterion is used to guide therapy. Multivariate analysis of preoperative parameters for risk stratification, in conjunction with other imaging modalities, may make it possible to minimize unnecessary ERCPs.
Illness perceptions, coping and quality of life in patients with alopecia
Authors: T. Cartwright, N. Endean, A. Porter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Alopecia can have substantial psychological consequences, but there has been no research looking at patients' beliefs about their condition nor how they relate to quality of life (QoL).To investigate the relationships between illness perceptions, coping and QoL in patients with alopecia.The study employed a cross-sectional design. In total, 214 individuals with alopecia were recruited from four internet support groups. There were 171 women and 43 men (mean age 35 years). Participants completed an online questionnaire comprising the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the brief COPE.The findings indicate several areas in which alopecia impacted on individuals' QoL, particularly in relation to symptoms and feelings. Women reported poorer QoL compared with men. Impaired QoL was associated with a strong illness identity, beliefs in the serious consequences of alopecia and strong emotional representations. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that illness perceptions accounted for 35% of the variance in QoL after controlling for demographic and disease factors, with coping adding a further 7% to the regression model.Although alopecia is not a life-threatening condition, it can impair QoL by negatively impacting on self-awareness. The strong relationships found between patients' beliefs about their condition and QoL suggests that health professionals should recognize the psychological impact of alopecia and address negative beliefs and emotions surrounding the condition in treatment programmes.
Abstract BS02-2: Alterations in tumor metabolism to support breast tumor growth and progression
Authors: M Vander Heiden
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer cells must adapt metabolism to support anabolic processes and allow the accumulation of biomass to allow proliferation. However, tumor cells also experience periods of stress, and metabolic plasticity to shift metabolism to maximize efficiency and survive nutrient limitation is also needed for cancer progression. The M2 pyruvate kinase isoform (PKM2) is expressed in cancers and plays a role in regulating metabolism. To determine whether PKM2 is required for the development and growth of primary breast tumors, we generated mice harboring a conditional allele for PKM2. PKM2 deletion selectively abolishes PKM2 protein production while continued production of PKM1, the other major pyruvate kinase isoform. We crossed PKM2 conditional mice to a model of human breast cancer driven by loss of the Brca1 tumor suppressor gene. Contrary to prior expectation, mammary tumor formation and progression was accelerated despite PKM2 deletion. PKM2-null tumors displayed heterogeneous compensatory PKM1 expression, and expression of PKM1 was observed only in non-proliferating tumor cells. In contrast, proliferating cells in the tumor had no detectable pyruvate kinase expression. This suggests that PKM2 protein is not necessary for tumor cell proliferation and implies that the inactive state of PKM2 is associated with the proliferating cell population within tumors, while cells with active pyruvate kinase are involved in aspects of tumor progression that do not involve proliferation. Consistent with these findings, variable expression of PKM2 was observed across a panel of human breast tumors, and recurrent mutations resulting in disruption of one PKM2 allele are found in multiple human cancers. Together, these data support a model where regulation of PKM2 activity allows the enzyme to support the differential metabolic requirements of both proliferating and non-proliferating tumor cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr BS02-2.
The arrhythmogenic consequences of increasing late INa in the cardiomyocyte
Authors: John C. Shryock, Yejia Song, Sridharan Rajamani, Charles Antzelevitch, Luiz Belardinelli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This review presents the roles of cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 late current (late INa) in generation of arrhythmic activity. The assumption of the authors is that proper Na+ channel function is necessary to the maintenance of the transmembrane electrochemical gradient of Na+ and regulation of cardiac electrical activity. Myocyte Na+ channels' openings during the brief action potential upstroke contribute to peak INa and initiate excitation–contraction coupling. Openings of Na+ channels outside the upstroke contribute to late INa, a depolarizing current that persists throughout the action potential plateau. The small, physiological late INa does not appear to be critical for normal electrical or contractile function in the heart. Late INa does, however, reduce the net repolarizing current, prolongs action potential duration, and increases cellular Na+ loading. An increase of late INa, due to acquired conditions (e.g. heart failure) or inherited Na+ channelopathies, facilitates the formation of early and delayed afterpolarizations and triggered arrhythmias, spontaneous diastolic depolarization, and cellular Ca2+ loading. These in turn increase the spatial and temporal dispersion of repolarization time and may lead to reentrant arrhythmias.
XANTHOMATOSIS IN CRYOGLOBULINAEMIA AND OTHER PARAPROTEINAEMIAS WITH REPORT OF A CASE*
Authors: MICHAEL FEIWEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY.— The occurrence of xanthomatosis in paraproteinaemias is rare but is now reasonably well documented. Thirteen cases from the literature and a case associated with cryoglobulinaemia, which is more fully described, are discussed. Some were hyper‐and others normolipidaemic. Most had generalized plane xanthoma, regarded as a normolipidaemic xanthomatosis. To explain the varied findings, it is postulated that certain paraproteins may interfere with lipoprotein metabolism and also behave as autoantibodies to elicit generalized plane xanthoma. These 2 attributes may coincide in some patients but occur separately in others.
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN IMAGING IN ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION; INSIGHTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION (IRAD) EXPERIENCE
Authors: Anna Booher, Arturo Evangelista, Kevin Harris, Dan Gilon, Alan Braverman, Daniel Montgomery, Kim Eagle, Eva Kline-Rogers, Reed Pyeritz, Mark Peterson, Truls Myrmel, Marek P. Ehrlich, Christoph Nienaber, Eric Isselbacher, Stuart Hutchison
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
ATP-sensitive potassium channel modulation of the guinea pig ventricular action potential and contraction.
Authors: C G Nichols, C Ripoll, W J Lederer
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The role of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in modulating the action potential and contraction of guinea pig ventricular myocytes was investigated. Under voltage clamp, the maximum whole-cell KATP channel conductance was estimated (195 +/- 10 nS, n = 6) by exposing the cells to complete metabolic blockade (2 mM cyanide in the presence of 10 mM 2-deoxy-glucose). In isolated inside-out membrane patches, the ATP dependence of KATP channel activity under relevant conditions was measured (half-maximal inhibition at 114 microM). Under current clamp (with intracellular ATP concentration = 5 mM), the effect of graded KATP channel activation on the action potential and the twitch was estimated by injection of a current (proportional to voltage) that simulated the KATP conductance. As this "conductance" was increased, the action potential was shortened, and contractile amplitude declined, as expected. From the results of these experiments, the quantitative dependence of the action potential duration on intracellular ATP concentration was estimated, without relying on a mathematical model of the cell membrane. The results imply that KATP-dependent action potential shortening is likely to occur if ATP concentration falls below normal levels (approximately 5 mM), as may happen regionally, or globally, during myocardial ischemia.
Association of EPAS1 Gene rs4953354 Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Lung Adenocarcinoma in Female Japanese Non-Smokers
Authors: Shinichi Iwamoto, Keiji Tanimoto, Yumi Nishio, Andika Chandra Putra, Hiroshi Fuchita, Miki Ohe, Akihisa Sutani, Takashige Kuraki, Keiko Hiyama, Isao Murakami, Hidetaka Eguchi, Takeshi Isobe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)