tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: L. T. Krogsboll, K. J. Jorgensen, C. Gronhoj Larsen, P. C. Gotzsche
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To quantify the benefits and harms of general health checks in adults with an emphasis on patient-relevant outcomes such as morbidity and mortality rather than on surrogate outcomes. <b>Design</b> Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. For mortality, we analysed the results with random effects meta-analysis, and for other outcomes we did a qualitative synthesis as meta-analysis was not feasible. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, EMBASE, Healthstar, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, EPOC register, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists of included studies, citation tracking (Web of Knowledge), and contacts with trialists. <b>Selection criteria</b> Randomised trials comparing health checks with no health checks in adult populations unselected for disease or risk factors. Health checks defined as screening general populations for more than one disease or risk factor in more than one organ system. We did not include geriatric trials. <b>Data extraction</b> Two observers independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional outcomes or trial details when necessary. <b>Results</b> We identified 16 trials, 14 of which had available outcome data (182 880 participants). Nine trials provided data on total mortality (11 940 deaths), and they gave a risk ratio of 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.03). Eight trials provided data on cardiovascular mortality (4567 deaths), risk ratio 1.03 (0.91 to 1.17), and eight on cancer mortality (3663 deaths), risk ratio 1.01 (0.92 to 1.12). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses did not alter these findings. We did not find beneficial effects of general health checks on morbidity, hospitalisation, disability, worry, additional physician visits, or absence from work, but not all trials reported on these outcomes. One trial found that health checks led to a 20% increase in the total number of new diagnoses per participant over six years compared with the control group and an increased number of people with self reported chronic conditions, and one trial found an increased prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. Two out of four trials found an increased use of antihypertensives. Two out of four trials found small beneficial effects on self reported health, which could be due to bias. <b>Conclusions</b> General health checks did not reduce morbidity or mortality, neither overall nor for cardiovascular or cancer causes, although they increased the number of new diagnoses. Important harmful outcomes were often not studied or reported. <b>Systematic review registration</b> Cochrane Library, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009009.
Toxic acute tubular necrosis following treatment with zoledronate (Zometa)
Authors: Glen S. Markowitz, Paul L. Fine, Jay I. Stack, Cheryl L. Kunis, Jai Radhakrishnan, Winicjusz Palecki, Jin Park, Samih H. Nasr, Shirley Hoh, David S. Siegel, Vivette D. D'Agati
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Re: All-Cause Mortality in Randomized Trials of Cancer Screening
Authors: C. B. Begg, P. B. Bach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

All-Cause Mortality in Randomized Trials of Cancer ScreeningTo support their argument that results of cancer screening trials based on disease-specific mortality are unreliable, Black et al. (1) compared the treatment effect measured by disease-specific mortality with the effect measured by all-cause mortality in 12 such trials.They found "major inconsistencies" between the two measures.We disagree with their interpretation and illustrate our reasons with results from the Minnesota study of fecal occult blood testing (2).After 13 years, that study found a 33% lower colorectal cancer mortality in the annually screened group than in the control group.(Note that the number of colorectal cancer deaths per 10 000 person-years in the annual group given in Table 1 of Black et al. ( 1) is in error.The figure should be 82/18.4160‫ס‬ 4.5, not 5.4.)Because colorectal cancer deaths constituted only 3% of deaths from all causes, the expected reduction in all-cause mortality is only 1%, i.e., 3% of 33%.The reduction in all-cause mortality actually observed in the study was 0.0 per 10 000 person-years, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of -7.6 to 7.6.The expected 1% reduction in the all-cause mortality rate, corresponding to a decrease of 1.8 per 10 000 personyears, is consistent with this interval.Black et al. considered the treatment effect of 1.2 for disease-specific mortality inconsistent with the 0.0 for all-cause mortality but, in fact, the result 1.2 falls well within the 95% CI of -7.6 to 7.6 for the difference in all-cause mortality.Similar consistencies can be shown for most of the studies cited by Black et al. that were designed for disease-specific outcomes and, as indicated by the large CIs, are underpowered for all-cause analysis.We agree that, in some cancer screening trials, all-cause mortality may provide assurance against the biases that Black et al. identified.However, a problem with the design of studies using an all-cause mortality end point is the enor-mous sample size required.For example, with all-cause mortality as the outcome, the aforementioned Minnesota trial (2) with 15 000 subjects per group would have required 20 times as many subjects, or 300 000 per group.Lung cancer trials would have to be about 10 times as large.According to the Nordic Cochrane Centre, a breast cancer screening trial would need 1.2 million women in each group (3), 25-60 times the size of some previous diseasespecific studies.Given that the concerns raised may involve only certain cancers in specific populations, rejecting findings across the board based on the possibility of bias is premature.
Jaw Lesion and Discomfort
Authors: Liran Levin, Liat Luder
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AN AUTOMATIC FRACTIONATOR FOR LIGHT DOSAGE ON THE SKIN..
Authors: G. H. FINDLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article AN AUTOMATIC FRACTIONATOR FOR LIGHT DOSAGE ON THE SKIN.: Its Application to the Polychromatic Minimal Erythema Doss Get access G. H. FINDLAY G. H. FINDLAY Section of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 3, 1 March 1967, Pages 148–152, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb15823.x Published: 01 March 1967
Gastric mucus secretion in ranitidine-treated patients.
Authors: M Guslandi, E Ballarin, A Tittobello
Journal: BMJ (1981)

treatment the facial paraesthesia had ceased.After a further two days sensation was normal in the right arm and the sensory level on the trunk had descended to T6 on the right and T8 on the left.Grip in the right hand had improved (grade 3-4) and he was again able to move his right leg at the hip and knee (grade 3) and ankle (grade 2).After 10 days' treatment he was able to walk with a single stick.Five weeks after the start of the treatment he was able to walk unaided, having only slight proximal weakness in the right leg.Power was normal in his right hand, though dexterity was impaired.Sensa- tion was normal, with the exception of vibration sensation, which was im- paired below the sternum.The plantar response was extensor on the right, and reflexes were brisk in the right leg.
Dopamine: An Important Neurohormone of the Sympathoadrenal System. Significance of Increased Peripheral Dopamine Release for the Human Stress Response and Hypertension*
Authors: STUART R. SNIDER, OTTO KUCHEL
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1983)

THE RECOGNITION of dopamine (DA) as an important peripheral neurotransmitter is largely product of the increased sophistication and interest in receptor research of the last decade. Starting with Goldberg's (1) work on vascular receptors in the late 1960s, DA receptors have been identified and characterized in many peripheral organs. Among these are the inhibitory presynaptic DA receptors on noradrenergic nerve terminals and postsynaptic DA receptors in kidney, carotid bodies, peripheral arteries, including the coronary and cerebral vasculature, and parts of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary and endocrine systems (1–4). The physiologic functions of these DA receptors include vasodilatation, increased sodium excretion, and increased myocardial contractility (1–4). The sources of endogenous DA that may activate these receptors have been less clearly defined. This is especially true for DA in plasma (3), which in humans at rest accounts for approximately ⅕ of the free catecholamines and more than ½ of the total catecholamines (Fig. 2) (3, 5, 6).
Rus in Urbe
Authors: David T. Durack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

There are many dangers to life in New York City, but until now they have not included Rocky Mountain spotted fever. In this issue of the Journal, Salgo and colleagues report four cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the Bronx.1 The observation adds another twist to the peculiar and fascinating biology of Rickettsia rickettsii. Most physicians have never seen a case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever; they know it only as an oddity, confined to a few regions of the Western Hemisphere and a few pages at the back of the textbook. Yet it remains important historically, biologically, . . .
Summary of a Workshop on the Role of Third-Party Payers in Clinical Trials of New Agents
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers, Stanley van den Noort, Michael D. Lockshin, Byron H. Waksman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Today's proliferation of highly technical and expensive methods of treating patients with chronic diseases led officials of the Arthritis Foundation and National Multiple Sclerosis Society to sponsor a workshop exploring methods of payment for clinical trials, at Airlie House, Airlie, Virginia, July 5 through 7. Among the 80 persons attending were representatives of the following organizations and disciplines: (1) the federal government — the Health Care Financing Administration, the Office of Health Technology Assessment of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Office of Technology Assessment of the Congress, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Veterans Administration, and . . .
Does periprocedural creatine kinase release predict adverse outcomes after intracoronary radiation therapy for in-stent restenosis?
Authors: Ron Waksman, Arvind K. Sharma, Andrew E. Ajani, Edouard F. Cheneau, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ellen Pinnow, Afework GebreEyesus, Rebecca Torguson, Joseph Lindsay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Restoring sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction: Comparison the outcomes of primary angioplasty and thrombolytic therapy
Authors: B. Gorenek, A. Birdane, A. Unalir, Y. Cavusoglu, O. Goktekin, N. Ata, B. Timuralp
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Towards automated manufacturing of clinical scale gene-modified T cells
Authors: Katharina Drechsel, Daniela Mauer, Nadine Mockel-Tenbrinck, Constanze Lehmann, Hermann Bohnenkamp, Volker Huppert, Mario Assenmacher, Ian Johnston, Andrew Kaiser
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive immunotherapy using gene-modified T cells redirected against cancer has proven clinical efficacy and tremendous potential in several medical fields. However, such personalized medicine faces several challenges in the complexity associated with the current clinical
Another Study of How to Give Fluorouracil?
Authors: Leonard B. Saltz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.05.987 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12963699 Another Study of How to Give Fluorouracil? Leonard B. SaltzxLeonard B. SaltzSearch for articles by this author Show More Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.05.987 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Another Study of How to Give Fluorouracil?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(20), pp. 3711–3712© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Pneumoperitoneum caused by gastroscopy in a jaundiced patient treated endoscopically after initial percutaneous approach
Authors: M. Pandolfi, R. Rea, M. Martino, P. Crucitti, F. Matteo, G. Costamagna, A. Gabbrielli
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 78-year-old man with neoplastic obstructive jaundice, who had undergone placement of a percutaneous drainage catheter (10-Fr internal/external catheter), was admitted for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The cholangiogram revealed an irregular stricture of the distal common bile duct. A hydrophilic guide wire was inserted across the transhepatic drainage and recovered endoscopically; we removed the percutaneous drain, performed a biliary sphincterotomy, and inserted an 8-cm Zilver metallic stent (Wilson-Cook Medical Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA). Three days after ERCP, the patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with duodenal biopsies taken for histological analysis; the latter identified an adenocarcinoma. Immediately after esophagogastroduodenoscopy the patient developed acute abdominal pain. A CT scan ([Fig. 1]) revealed free air in the abdomen and ascites around the spleen, in the right laterocolic space, and among the jejunal loops. The patient underwent urgent laparotomy but no bowel or biliary perforation was revealed. Intraoperative cholangiography showed correct working of the biliary stent, but free passage of contrast medium was observed through a fistula where the percutaneous drain had previously been. A cholecystectomy was performed and a T tube left in place. The postoperative course was normal. It would appear that air inflation during the esophagogastroduodenoscopy had facilitated the passage of air from the duodenum to the peritoneum across the fistula created by the percutaneous drain; the ascitic liquid, leaving a distance between the hepatic surface and the abdominal wall, made development of the pneumoperitoneum even easier, because of the incomplete consolidation of the biliocutaneous fistula.
FRACTURE POTENTIALS OF FIVE DRUG-ELUTING-STENT PLATFORMS IN PROXIMAL RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY REPLICA UNDER IN-VIVO SIMULATED CYCLICALLY-BENDED ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kiyotaka Iwasaki, Yutaro Hama, Tadashi Yamamoto, Yuichi Yagishita, Yusuke Noguchi, Syunsuke Tsubouchi, Ken Nakashita, Hiroshi Kasanuki, Mitsuo Umezu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
'Black Box' Medical Information Systems
Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In a decade characterized by lessening regulation of other industries, the health services sector is increasingly scrutinized from all directions—from payers, purchasers, and patients. The rationale for this is evident from the annual litany of soaring health care costs and nagging doubts about the necessity and quality of many medical services. However, some efforts to rectify these worrisome trends through increasing information about the costs, appropriateness, quality, and hence "value" of health services have taken an ironic twist. They rely on information products about which very little information is known: the redoubtable "black box." In common parlance, a black box is "any unknown system, especially one considered solely in terms of input and output, without an understanding of its workings."1 In the health care sector, the term can apply to a variety of systems, such as those whose inputs are facts about patient demographics, diagnoses, symptoms, histories, physical examinations, laboratory
How acute and reversible are the cardiovascular risks of secondhand smoke?
Authors: Terry F Pechacek, Stephen Babb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Could eating in a smoky restaurant precipitate an acute myocardial infarction in a non—smoker? As unlikely as this sounds, a growing body of scientific data suggests that this is possible. In this context, the results of the observational study in Helena, MT are provocative: hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction declined by about 40% during the six months in which a comprehensive local ordinance on clean air was in effect, and rebounded after the ordinance was suspended.1

Given the small size and observational design of the study, these findings might be discounted or even disregarded altogether. However, the study focuses attention on an interesting subset of literature on secondhand smoke and its consequences. We now have a considerable amount of epidemiological literature and laboratory data on the mechanisms by which relatively small exposures to toxins in tobacco smoke seem to cause unexpectedly large increases in the risk of acute cardiovascular disease.2–7

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease in non-smokers by about 30%.2 5 8 9 Because coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death in many countries, even relatively small increases in risk from this one factor can result in a large population burden of disease attributable to exposure to tobacco smoke.10 11

While the substantial cardiovascular risks posed by active smoking are now almost universally accepted, the tobacco industry and some other observers continue to question the idea that secondhand smoke can cause cardiovascular disease and death.12–15 Notwithstanding the substantial clinical and experimental evidence regarding the adverse cardiovascular effects of exposure to secondhand smoke, some have argued that an association between low level environmental exposures and health outcomes should be more critically evaluated, particularly when the relative risk for the exposure …
Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase–Mediated Stromal Syndecan-1 Shedding Stimulates Breast Carcinoma Cell Proliferation
Authors: Gui Su, Stacy A. Blaine, Dianhua Qiao, Andreas Friedl
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Mounting evidence implicates stromal fibroblasts in breast carcinoma progression. We have recently shown in three-dimensional coculture experiments that human mammary fibroblasts stimulate the proliferation of T47D breast carcinoma cells and that this activity requires the shedding of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc1) from the fibroblast surface. The goal of this project was to determine the mechanism of Sdc1 ectodomain shedding. The broad spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor GM6001 specifically blocked Sdc1-mediated carcinoma cell growth stimulation, pointing toward MMPs as critical enzymes involved in Sdc1 shedding. MMP-2 and membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) were the predominant MMPs expressed by the mammary fibroblasts. Fibroblast-dependent carcinoma cell growth stimulation in three-dimensional coculture was abolished by MT1-MMP expression silencing with small interfering RNA and restored either by adding recombinant MT1-MMP catalytic domain or by expressing a secreted form of Sdc1 in the fibroblasts. These findings are consistent with a model where fibroblast-derived MT1-MMP cleaves Sdc1 at the fibroblast surface, leading to paracrine growth stimulation of carcinoma cells by Sdc1 ectodomain. The relevance of MT1-MMP in paracrine interactions was further supported by coculture experiments with T47D cells and primary fibroblasts isolated from human breast carcinomas or matched normal breast tissue. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts stimulated T47D cell proliferation significantly more than normal fibroblasts in three-dimensional coculture. Function-blocking anti-MT1-MMP antibody significantly inhibited the T47D cell growth stimulation in coculture with primary fibroblasts. In summary, these results ascribe a novel role to fibroblast-derived MT1-MMP in stromal-epithelial signaling in breast carcinomas.