tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER OF THE STOMACH.
Authors: CHAS. D. AARON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

If our treatment of cancer of the stomach shows poor results, it is due to the fact that the medical practitioner usually does not make his diagnosis early enough, and when the surgeon is called, he finds a disseminated mass instead of a circumscribed tumor to be extirpated. When we take into consideration that .5 to 2.5 per cent. of all deaths and 35 to 45 per cent. of all cancers are of the stomach, it is time that more attention be paid to an early diagnosis. It is because the average physician neglects a more detailed examination and resorts to bismuth and pepsin, that cancer of the stomach has been allowed to attain such development as makes an operation practically useless. What, years ago, Brinton said of cancer of the stomach, is still true today. He said, it is obscure in its symptoms, frequent in recurrence and fatal in its
Poliomyelitis
Authors: James P. Nolan, Barbara H. Wilmer, Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

WELL localized epidemics of poliomyelitis in small communities with a high standard of living tend to be characterized, in recent years, by the occurrence of disease among adults as well as children. This paper reports an investigation of such an epidemic making use of the tissue-culture technics now available for laboratory work with the virus of poliomyelitis.During the month of June, 1954, 7 cases of poliomyelitis were reported from New Canaan, a well-to-do small community in southern Connecticut. Four of the first 5 patients had attended the same nursery school; the fifth was the mother of one of these . . .
PDUFA Reauthorization — Drug Safety's Golden Moment of Opportunity?
Authors: Sean Hennessy, Brian L. Strom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

"This [is] a golden moment of opportunity to improve fundamentally the way FDA regulation considers and responds to the evolving understanding of risks and benefits of drugs." So claims the September 2006 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report entitled The Future of Drug Safety, which paints a dismal picture of the U.S. system for ensuring the safety of drugs after they have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).1 Among the more easily remediable shortcomings identified by the IOM are the severe underfunding of the FDA, the particularly poor funding for postapproval monitoring of safety, and the "troubling imbalance" . . .
Off-Label Use of Recombinant Activated Factor VII — Safe or Not Safe?
Authors: Louis M. Aledort
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The seminal discovery that a recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) could be produced led to new treatments in hemophilia. The initial licensure of this product was to produce hemostasis in patients with hemophilia who had factor VIII and IX inhibitors. In patients in whom inhibitors develop, either as a result of hemophilia therapy or through an autoimmune mechanism, the use of rFVIIa has become an important addition to the therapeutic regimen. The mechanism of action is the activation of coagulation by two mechanisms: platelets and tissue factors. The greatest concern when bypassing coagulation in a patient with bleeding is the . . .
Baseline forced expiratory volume in the first second as an independent predictor of development of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Fone-Ching Hsiao, Chung-Ze Wu, Sheng-Chiang Su, Ming-Tsung Sun, Chang-Hsun Hsieh, Yi-Jen Hung, Chih-Tsueng He, Dee Pei
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Study shows tentative increase in survival from NHS cancer plan
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The NHS’s cancer plan has achieved small improvements in survival at one year for many types of cancer over the past few years, finds a study looking at trends in cancer survival in England since the plan’s introduction in 2000. But it warns that the data do not yet provide definitive evidence of its effectiveness.

When the plan was introduced the United Kingdom had some of the poorest rates of survival from cancer in Western Europe. The plan was designed to improve five year survival in England with the aim of matching the best in Europe by 2010.

Researchers compared cancer survival in England with that in Wales, where a …
Pretibial Rash in Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia
Authors: Charles M. Helms
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Legionella pneumophila pneumonia developed in a 46-year-old man, 23 days after receiving a cadaveric renal homograft. A painful, nonpruritic, macular, erythematous rash limited to the pretibial surfaces of both legs appeared on the fifth day of illness. Fever, pneumonia, and rash resolved in association with erythromycin lactobionate therapy.
David H. Mark, MD, Is 16th JAMA Fishbein Fellow
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1996)

JAMA 's 16th Morris Fishbein Fellow in Medical Editing began his year-long responsibilities July 15.  He is David H. Mark, MD, MPH, who moved to the American Medical Association's Chicago, Ill, headquarters from the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.  The fellowship honors Morris Fishbein, MD, who died 20 years ago at the age of 87 ( JAMA . 1976;236:1820-1822). He was JAMA's chief editor for 25 years, longer than any physician who has held the editorship to date.  Fishbein left JAMA in 1949, but was active in medical journalism until the end of his life. Six months after his death, the 1977-1978 American Medical Association Dr Morris Fishbein Fellowship in Medical Journalism was announced and the first fellow, Jeffrey R. M. Kunz, MD, reported to JAMA.  David Mark, the 16th fellow, was married in June and brings his bride, Anne Marbella, MS, to Chicago with him. Both have been working in the
Effects of three bradycardiac drugs on regional myocardial blood flow and function in areas distal to a total or partial coronary occlusion in dogs.
Authors: G J Gross, K G Lamping, D C Warltier, H F Hardman
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The effectiveness of three bradycardiac drugs for increasing distal coronary perfusion pressure and decreasing stenosis resistance (SR) in partially occluded vessels, and thereby for increasing collateral blood flow and segmental function (%SS) in an occluded area dependent on the stenotic vessel, was studied in anesthetized dogs. Initially, the distal portion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was occluded followed by subsequent stenosis of the left circumflex (LC) coronary artery that supplies collateral flow to the ischemic LAD area. A decrease in LC flow (35 +/- 3 to 24 +/- 3 ml/min) and distal coronary pressure (109 +/- 4 to 47 +/- 4 mm Hg) resulted in an increase in SR (0.03 +/- 0.02 to 2.97 +/- 0.53 U), and decreases in LC %SS (9.3 +/- 1.1% to 1.9 +/- 2.0%), subendocardial blood flow (1.11 +/- 0.06 to 0.43 +/- 0.05 ml/min/g), and LAD collateral flow (0.36 +/- 0.11 to 0.22 +/- 0.05 ml/min/g). Upon intravenous administration on the beta-receptor-blocking drug sotalol (0.3 mg/kg) or metoprolol (0.1 mg/kg) and the non-beta-blocking bradycardiac drug N-dimethyl-propranolol (5.0 mg/kg) in doses that produced similar decreases in heart rate (30 to 40 beats/min), distal coronary pressure, subendocardial blood flow, and %SS in the LC area were markedly improved. SR was significantly reduced (2.97 +/- 0.53 to 1.66 +/- 0.37 U). The improvement in %SS of the LC area was highly correlated (r = .93, p less than .001) with the increase in subendocardial blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Letter: Sexual aspects of medicine.
Authors: G M Prentice
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A 54-year-old man had a severe case of cicutoxin poisoning following the ingestion of water hemlock (Cicuta maculata). The administration of thiopentone sodium by continuous intravenous infusion proved the optimum method of controlling the gross and irregular body movements and of managing the metabolic acidosis and the cholinergic crisis characteristic of this type of poisoning. This report includes a detailed neurologic and biochemical assessment of the condition.
P1204 THE BASAL COMPLEXITY OF PLASMATIC HCV POPULATION IS RELATED WITH THE LACK OF RESPONSE AND BREAKTHROUGH DURING PIS-BASED TRIPLE THERAPY
Authors: A. Madejon, M. Romero, A. García-Sánchez, I. Martín, J. Carbó, R. Bogoi, M. Sánchez-Carrillo, J. García-Samaniego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Mechanism of sodium modulation of glomerular angiotensin receptors in the rat.
Authors: A Bellucci, B M Wilkes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Specific binding of 125I-angiotensin to high affinity glomerular receptors varies directly with the level of dietary sodium. To investigate the mechanism of sodium regulation of glomerular angiotensin receptors, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on one of three levels of sodium intake for at least 5 d: high sodium (7.39 meq/24 h), moderate sodium (0.88 meq/24 h), and low sodium diets (0.01 meq/24 h). An additional group was given low sodium diet with daily injections of furosemide (1 mg/kg i.p.). To dissociate the effects of dietary sodium from those of circulating angiotensin II levels on glomerular receptor regulation, a fifth group was placed on high sodium diet and given a continuous infusion of angiotensin via an implanted minipump (100 ng/min) for 21 d. There was a strong negative correlation (r = -0.98, P less than 0.01) between plasma angiotensin II and glomerular angiotensin receptor density. Dietary sodium, potassium, or water consumption did not correlate with angiotensin II receptor concentration. The affinity constant did not vary in any of the groups (2.33 +/- 0.30 X 10(8) M-1). The time course of sodium regulation of glomerular angiotensin II receptors was studied in rats switched from a moderate sodium to either a high sodium diet or a low sodium diet plus furosemide. Receptor density was unchanged at 24 h, varied directly with sodium intake for 1-5 d when induction was maximal, and remained constant for at least 21 d. The time course of receptor regulation closely paralleled changes in plasma angiotensin II. Additional studies were undertaken to demonstrate that glomerular angiotensin II receptors are down-regulated by circulating hormone. Rats maintained on moderate sodium intake were killed 2 min after the induction of anesthesia with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg i.p.) or by rapid decapitation. Despite a 50-fold elevation of plasma angiotensin II in anesthetized rats (424 +/- 154 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.0 pg/ml, P less than 0.001) angiotensin receptor density was unchanged (anesthetized, 1,016 +/- 126 vs. unanesthetized, 1,290 +/- 84 fmol/mg). The infusion of angiotensin II (100 mg/min) for 15 min or 2 h into anesthetized rats maintained on moderate sodium intake resulted in a 50% reduction in specific angiotensin binding that could not be reversed by the dissociation of endogenous angiotensin. These data are compatible with modulation of receptor density by circulating hormone and can not be accounted for by prior receptor occupancy.
CCR Drug Updates: Sorafenib and Sunitinib in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mark N. Stein, Keith T. Flaherty
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

The Food and Drug Administration has recently approved sorafenib and sunitinib, two oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Because of the central role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in this disease and the activity of
Fluphenazine enanthate in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.
Authors: J. Lowther
Journal: BMJ (1968)

pital lobe was removed and the histology of this showed that it was a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, possibly related to his previous carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.He made an uneventful recovery.During the next few days he made remarkable improvement except for his persistent left homonymous hemianopia, and he was allowed home on 28 February.Since then he has been followed by one of our colleagues in the outpatient department, and he is remark- ably well and symptom-free.Thus we feel surgery has a place in the management of metastatic cerebral lesions in spite of its grim prognosis.This is apparent from this case.
Human monocytes are associated with the formation of fibrin.
Authors: N Hogg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Purified populations of human monocytes (greater than 99% monocytic) contain a subpopulation of cells (8-20%) that will surround themselves with a radial array of needles within 15 s after exposure to plasma. The needles are composed of fibrin as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis of isolated needles and by their reaction with a monoclonal antibody, UC45, that is specific for the alpha chain of fibrin. The addition of UC45 antibody to plasma inhibits the formation of the fibrin needles by monocytes, suggesting that the recognized antigen is important for polymerization. In contrast, UC45 binds weakly to conventional plasma fibrin and does not prevent clotting of plasma although the process is prolonged. Thus, the UC45 antigen is more prominently represented or more accessible on monocyte fibrin. At least 1% of the monocytes were able to form fibers at the earliest time that they could be tested. A greater proportion developed this ability between 2 and 6 h in culture. Macrophages from lung, thymus, and breast milk, when incubated for similar periods of time, do not form fibrin needles. However, phagocytes from tonsils were extremely active in this respect. It is speculated that monocytes may be induced to express fibrin as part of their activities in inflammatory lesions.
Abstract 4018: Crosstalk between the pleiotrophin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase axis and the protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ signaling pathways
Authors: David P. Kodack, Joseph LaConti, Masaharu Noda, Anton Wellstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a heparin-binding growth factor that can support tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The mechanism of action (receptor signaling pathway) responsible for mediating PTN's biological effects, however, is still controversial. Here we show that an antibody targeting the ligand-binding domain of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is capable of blocking the signaling effects of PTN in a glioblastoma cell line that expresses high levels of ALK. This corroborates recent findings by Stylianou, et al. (2009), who showed disruption of PTN activity with a single chain variable IgG fragment that binds to the ALK ligand-binding domain. Furthermore, expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor ζ (Ptprz) in cells resulted in crosstalk with the PTN-ALK signaling axis at the level of p38 MAPK. While PTN increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation, the presence of Ptprz decreased its phosphorylation, both at its basal as well as PTN-enhanced levels. Enhancement of p38 MAPK phosphorylation by PTN is possibly mediated through activation of MKK4, as it was phosphorylated in the presence of PTN. On the other hand, the mechanism for Ptprz-mediated suppression of p38 MAPK is not yet clear, as there was no change in phosphorylation of MKK3, MKK4, or MKK6 after its over-expression. These findings suggest that ALK is playing a direct role in PTN activity, and that the Ptprz signaling pathway may act in a separate but inter-connecting fashion. Parallel targeting of both the ALK and Ptprz signaling pathway may be necessary for the treatment of tumors (glioblastoma) expressing both membrane proteins. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4018.
Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Warfarin
Authors: R. Hume
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rosenthal (<b>215</b>:1671, 1971) has reported the case of a patient whose prothrombin time was shortened following the administration of ascorbic acid for the common cold while receiving the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumarin) sodium. The implication in view of the reported work on dogs<sup>1</sup>was that the ascorbic acid had interacted withthe anticoagulants. Because of our interest in ascorbic acid and coronary artery disease, we gave five patients who were receiving long-term warfarin therapy for myocardial infarction 1 gm of ascorbic acid daily for 14 days.<sup>2</sup>The warfarin dose was regulated by means of a blood coagulability test (Thrombotest [Great Britain]) which was carried out weekly. Two initial readings were recorded prior to the introduction of the ascorbic acid and two readings after the ascorbic acid was stopped. The dose of warfarin was kept at the same level for each patient throughout the six weeks of
Retained Esophageal Activity on Iodine-131 Survey in Patient With Benign Esophageal Stricture
Authors: AARON M. KISTLER, WILLIAM M. YUDT, RICHARD S. BAKALAR, DAVID B. TURTON, EUGENE D. SILVERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 78-year-old woman underwent neck and chest survey for follow-up of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Forty years earlier the patient had a thyroidectomy, and 20 years earlier I-131 ablation for recurrent disease. Subsequent neck and chest surveys had been negative. Four years prior to this study the patient had undergone esophageal dilatation for a benign esophageal stricture. Neck and chest survey showed prominent activity in the midline simulating recurrent thyroid carcinoma. The activity cleared after ingestion of water, indicating presence of retained salivary activity in the esophagus. Salivary excretion of I-131 can be detected many days after dosing and is a recognized source of false-positive studies.
Benign Masculinizing Adrenal Adenomas
Authors: Mortimer B. Lipsett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

It did not seem likely that new steroid-secreting tumors remained to be described, but two benign masculinizing adenomas of the adrenal cortex have been reported this year (by Werk and his associates, in this issue, and by Pittaway et al.1). The identification of these tumors raises a series of questions about their origin and necessitates modifications of some clinical tenets.One distinguishing biochemical feature of adrenocortical and gonadal secretions is the apparent equilibrium point of the reaction catalyzed by the 17-oxidoreductase. The adrenal cortex secretes the 17-ketosteroids, androstenedione and estrone, whereas the 17-hydroxysteroids, testosterone and estradiol, are the major . . .
Defining “Term” Pregnancy
Authors: Catherine Y. Spong
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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The subspecialty of pediatric dermatology
Authors: Paul J. Honig, Lizabeth Burke
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1986)

Department chairmen of 127 certified pediatric and eighty-six certified dermatology residency programs were surveyed in an attempt to characterize the subspecialty of pediatric dermatology. Responses were received from 114 different institutions. The results indicate that pediatric dermatologists are located mainly in large teaching hospitals (pediatric wards with more than 100 beds or children's hospitals) and selected private practice settings. Fifty-eight percent of pediatric dermatologists are less than 40 years of age. Forty-nine percent of these individuals are board-certified in both specialties. Very few "pediatric dermatologists" see pediatric patients exclusively. Only 20% have a patient population that is composed of more than 75% children. The responses also suggest that professional opportunities in this subspecialty are limited at the present time.
A Medical-School Curriculum for the 1980s
Authors: Ludwig W. Eichna
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

A PREVIOUS article suggested some principles of medical-school education that were based on my second experience as a full-time medical student, undertaken after retirement from 35 years in academic medicine.* A curriculum fulfilling those principles is now presented.Curricula need to take into account the stages of development of medical students. Learning and maturation are slow during the first two years because of a crowded curriculum, didactic teaching, too many lectures, little problem solving, and no responsibility for learning. "Infantilizing," students say, and they develop a negative attitude toward the sciences. The striking acceleration in maturation and learning that occurs . . .
New drug combination may shorten tuberculosis treatment, study says
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A new combination drug regimen is more effective at reducing levels of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis than standard treatment and acts more quickly, an initial short term study has found.

The study randomised 207 patients with drug susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis to receive the new combination of pretomanid (either 100 mg or 200 mg), an antibiotic with a novel mode of action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , moxifloxacin, and …
Sexual dysfunction among middle aged women in the community
Authors: M. Osborn, K. Hawton, D. Gath
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In a community survey of women aged 35-59 sexual functioning was studied in the 436 women with partners. One third of these women had operationally defined sexual dysfunction: impaired sexual interest was identified in 17% of women (68/406), vaginal dryness in 17% (73/434), infrequency of orgasm in 16% (60/379), and dyspareunia in 8% (30/379). Sexual dysfunctions were statistically significantly associated with increasing age and also with psychiatric disorder, neuroticism, and marital disharmony. One in 10 women regarded themselves as having a sexual problem. These women were no older than women with sexual dysfunction who did not regard themselves as having a sexual problem. Nevertheless, they differed from the rest of the sample in having more psychiatric disorder, neuroticism, marital disharmony, and (in women still menstruating) psychological symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome. In the whole sample 16 women (4%) said that they would like help for a sexual problem. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in this series of women suggests that general practitioners should increase their alertness to the problem in their patients.
THE TOXIC DELIRIOUS REACTIONS OF OLD AGE
Authors: G. WILSE ROBINSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

1. Toxic delirious reactions in older people are quite common. 2. They probably can be prevented if the clinician will keep in mind the special factors in the handling of older people. 3. If a toxic delirious reaction does develop, it can be corrected by glucose infusion therapy. Simple elimination of the etiological factor will not correct delirious states in older people, as it does in younger people, in the great majority of cases.