tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in men: population based case-control study
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox, K. Fielding, M. Pringle
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the relation between depression, anxiety, and use of antidepressants and the onset of ischaemic heart disease. <b>Design:</b> Population based case-control study. <b>Setting:</b> All 5623 patients registered with one general practice. <b>Subjects:</b>188 male cases with ischaemic heart disease matched by age to 485 male controls without ischaemic heart disease; 139 female cases with ischaemic heart disease matched by age to 412 female controls. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Adjusted odds ratios calculated by conditional logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> The risk of ischaemic heart disease was three times higher among men with a recorded diagnosis of depression than among controls of the same age (odds ratio 3.09; 95% confidence interval 1.33 to 7.21; P=0.009). This association persisted when smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, and underprivileged area (UPA(8)) score were included in a multivariate model (adjusted 2.75; 1.13 to 6.69; P=0.03). Men with depression within the preceding 10 years were three times more likely to develop ischaemic heart disease than were the controls (3.13; 1.27 to 7.70; P=0.01). Men with ischaemic heart disease had a higher risk of subsequent ischaemic heart disease than men without ischaemic heart disease (adjusted 2.34; 1.34 to 4.10; P=0.003). Depression was not a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in women on multivariate analysis (adjusted 1.34; 0.70 to 2.56; P=0.38). Anxiety and subsequent ischaemic heart disease were not significantly associated in men or women. <b>Conclusion:</b> Depression may be an independent risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in men, but not in women. <h3>Key messages</h3> So far, research into whether depression precedes myocardial infarction has been limited This case-control study examined the relation between ischaemic heart disease and depression and the differences in this relation between men and women Depression may be a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in men but not women This is independent of diabetes, hypertension, deprivation score, and smoking status
Management of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Gilbert H. Daniels
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 October 1993Management of Thyroid NodulesGilbert H. Daniels, MDGilbert H. Daniels, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Despite the generally well-reasoned article by Drs. Gharib and Goellner [1] on fine-needle aspiration thyroid biopsy, the management of thyroid nodules remains controversial. The cost of thyroid scans ($318 at the Mayo Clinic) has led many physicians to abandon the initial thyroid scan as an unnecessary expense. However, cost savings from the scan itself and the costs of subsequent scans required by using fine-needle aspiration biopsy first are ignored.Can thyroid scans save patients from potentially avoidable thyroid surgery? The answer is uncertain but important. The estimated percentage of hot nodules with suspicious cytologic features ranges from ...References1. Gharib H, Goellner JR. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: an appraisal. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:282-9. Google Scholar2. Hall TL, Layfield LJ, Phillippe A, Rosenthal DL. Sources of diagnostic error in fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Cancer. 1989; 63: 718-25. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByControversies in the management of cold, hot, and occult thyroid nodules 1 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 7_Part_1Page: 634KeywordsBiopsyProspective studiesSurgeryThyroid Issue Published: 1 October 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Different biological risk factors in young poor-prognosis and elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: H Horn, M Ziepert, M Wartenberg, A M Staiger, T F E Barth, H-W Bernd, A C Feller, W Klapper, C Stuhlmann-Laeisz, M Hummel, H Stein, D Lenze, S Hartmann, M-L Hansmann, P Möller, S Cogliatti, M Pfreundschuh, L Trümper, M Loeffler, B Glass, N Schmitz, G Ott, A Rosenwald
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Binding of viral attachment protein to host-cell receptor: the Achilles heel of infectious viruses
Authors: Thomas L. Lentz
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1988)

Viruses attach to cells as a result of binding of a viral attachment protein to a site on a host-cell receptor. Unlike other portions of viral polypeptides, the attachment protein is likely to be highly conserved among strains of viruses that bind to the same receptor. Thus, it may represent the Achilles heel at which therapeutic agents can be targeted. Thomas Lentz reviews the nature of binding domains on viral attachment proteins and on their cellular receptors and discusses the types of agent that act by competing binding of virus to receptors. Characterization of virus-receptor interactions at a molecular level will permit the rational design and production of agents that prevent virus attachment. Of particular promise are designed analogs of the binding site of the receptor (receptor-mimics) that have the ability to bind to the- viral attachment protein.
Issues in Therapeutic Apheresis
Authors: Eugene Berkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IN recent years therapeutic partial plasma exchange (removal of large amounts of the patient's plasma and replacement with crystalloid and colloid) and therapeutic cytapheresis (removal of cellular elements) have been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this issue of the Journal one example of such use is reported: the combined removal of plasma and lymphocytes in the treatment of a small number of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis.1 The study was well designed, with patients prospectively randomized to receive either "lymphoplasmapheresis" or sham apheresis. The results proved inconclusive. Whereas some measures of disease severity improved significantly . . .
Abstract 2884: ER stress and autophagy induced in pro-inflammatory mast cells exposed to stimuli associated with a positive energy balance.
Authors: Januaria M. Balajadia, Lori Shimoda, William Greineisen, Helen Turner
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Over the past two decades there has been an increase in the incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases due to sedentary lifestyles, high caloric intake, genetics and environmental factors. Studies have shown that obesity is linked with multiple co-morbid pathologies, including increases in the incidence of some cancers. We have studied the effect of a nutrient-dense environment upon the mast cell, a pro-inflammatory immunocyte. Our recently published work shows that these immunocytes are sites for ectopic lipid deposition (steatosis) under conditions that mimic high nutrient availability and hyperinsulineamia. Moreover, the steatotic phenotype is associated with phenotypic change in the mast cells, with relative over-production of bioactive eicosanoids and other pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, but suppression of some aspects of the acute Type I hypersensitivity pathway. In the current study we sought to further explore the impact of nutrient abundance upon the cell biology of the mast cell. We observe the induction of ER stress pathways, which is associated with the re-programming of the ER towards lipid synthesis and deposition in lipid bodies. Moreover, we observe the induction of autophagy pathways, which likely reflect cellular attempts to access the dysregulated ER and lipid bodies in an effort to return to homeostasis. These studies deepen our understanding of the degree to which altered nutrient environments can, in turn, cause immunological dysregulation. Of particular interest for future studies will be the links between mast cell dysregulation and the systemic and local inflammatory pathology that is associated with metabolic syndrome. Citation Format: Januaria M. Balajadia, Lori Shimoda, William Greineisen, Helen Turner. ER stress and autophagy induced in pro-inflammatory mast cells exposed to stimuli associated with a positive energy balance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2884. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2884
The effects of a critical stenosis on myocardial blood flow, ventricular function, and infarct size after coronary reperfusion.
Authors: C A Lefkowitz, D P Pace, K P Gallagher, A J Buda
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Immediate percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has been advocated for patients with a residual stenosis after coronary thrombolysis because of the possibility that the residual stenosis may restrict reflow and thereby increase infarct size. Because there are few experimental data bearing on this issue, we measured left ventricular function, myocardial blood flow, and infarct size in 20 anesthetized open-chest dogs during 2 hr of left circumflex occlusion and 4 hr of reperfusion. Ten animals were reperfused through a critical stenosis of the left circumflex artery (critical stenosis group) and the remaining 10 animals underwent full reperfusion without stenosis (control group). In both groups, a comparable degree of echocardiographic systolic wall thinning was present during occlusion and partial recovery of global and regional left ventricular function in the two groups. Subendocardial blood flow was decreased in the critical stenosis group relative to the control group at 5 min after reperfusion (0.52 +/- 0.16 ml/min/g in the critical stenosis group vs 1.55 +/- 0.32 ml/min/g in the control group, p less than .05) but not at 4 hr after reperfusion, when a reduced reflow response was seen in both groups. No differences in subepicardial blood flow were seen in the two groups of animals. Infarct size was slightly greater in the critical stenosis group than the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (infarct/risk area ratio: 55.5 +/- 7.8% in the critical stenosis group vs 39.4 +/- 9.7% in the control group, p = .21). A close inverse exponential relationship was seen between infarct size/risk area ratio and subendocardial blood flow during occlusion (r = .89, p = .001). Two control animals had high levels of subendocardial collateral flow (greater than 0.2 ml/min/g); when these animals were excluded from analysis, differences in the infarct size/risk area ratio in the control and critical stenosis groups were less striking: (55.5 +/- 7.8% in the critical stenosis group vs 48.4 +/- 9.6% in the control group). Thus, the presence of a critical stenosis results in restriction of hyperemic blood flow to the subendocardium after reperfusion but does not influence infarct size or early left ventricular functional recovery.
Atlas of Skeletal Dysplasias
Authors: J D Perry
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

This pleasant, friendly, well written book gives very adequate coverage of most aspects of the pathology of bone.The selection of topics and detail has been effectively calculated to render the book useful in diagnostic work, and as a book to study.The balance favours the latter in that the author provides the groundwork that enables a diagnosis to be arrived at rather than patterns for matching.This form of approach works particularly well in bone, especially in metabolic disorders, where lies the centre of gravity of this book.Bone responds to many stimuli, local and general; to understand this thoroughly is to grasp the essentials of bone pathology.The pathological processes, as known from general pathology, all occur in bones, modified by their architecture, the tissue structure, and the bone cell responses under the control of local and general mechanisms.I'he various pathological processes are treated in turn, building up a picture of the subject.The section devoted to congenital and developmental disorders, a large topic not possible to deal with comprehensively in a book of this order, is well treated and referenced.The most lightly treated subject is neoplasia, a topic fully covered by several authoritative texts.Here the first steps in sorting tissue patterns are set out.This book has a commodious page size, a slim profile, a firm binding, and a pleasant handle.The illustrations are large and clear and make their point.There is a strikingly large number of references, of great value to further reading; and there is a very adequate index.
Novel p19 Protein Engages IL-12p40 to Form a Cytokine, IL-23, with Biological Activities Similar as Well as Distinct from IL-12
Authors: Birgit Oppmann, Robin Lesley, Bianca Blom, Jackie C Timans, Yuming Xu, Brisdell Hunte, Felix Vega, Nancy Yu, Jing Wang, Komal Singh, Francesca Zonin, Elena Vaisberg, Tatyana Churakova, Man-ru Liu, Daniel Gorman, Janet Wagner, Sandra Zurawski, Yong-Jun Liu, John S Abrams, Kevin W Moore, Donna Rennick, Rene de Waal-Malefyt, Charles Hannum, J.Fernando Bazan, Robert A Kastelein
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Fish eye syndrome: a molecular defect in the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) gene associated with normal alpha-LCAT-specific activity. Implications for classification and prognosis.
Authors: H G Klein, S Santamarina-Fojo, N Duverger, M Clerc, M F Dumon, J J Albers, S Marcovina, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have identified the molecular defect in two siblings presenting with classical clinical and biochemical features of Fish Eye disease (FED), including corneal opacities, HDL cholesterol < 10 mg/dl, normal plasma cholesteryl esters, and elevated triglycerides. In contrast to previously reported patients with FED who are unable to esterify HDL-associated cholesterol, our patients' plasma lecithin-cholesterol acetyltransferase (alpha-LCAT)-specific activities assayed using an HDL-like proteoliposome substrate were 12.7-25.7 nmol/micrograms (19.5 +/- 1.8 in controls). In addition, significant residual cholesterol esterification was present in VLDL/LDL-depleted plasma, confirming the presence of HDL-associated alpha-LCAT activity. DNA sequence analysis of the proband's LCAT gene identified deletion of the triplet coding for leu300, which resulted in the loss of a restriction site for MlnI. Digestion of PCR-amplified DNA using MlnI established that both siblings are homozygous for this defect. Expression of LCAT300-del. in human embryonic kidney-293 cells revealed normal mRNA and intracellular LCAT concentrations. However, reduced amounts of LCAT300-del., which had a normal specific alpha-LCAT activity, were present in the media. In summary, we report the first case of FED associated with a mutant enzyme that has a normal alpha-LCAT-specific activity. The functional significance of this LCAT gene defect has been established in an in vitro expression system, which demonstrates that very small amounts of this functional LCAT mutant enzyme accumulate in the media. Characterization of LCAT300-del. established that selective alpha-LCAT deficiency is not a prerequisite for the development of FED. On the basis of our combined results, we propose that the residual amounts of total plasma LCAT activity and not its distribution on lipoproteins primarily determines the heterogeneity in phenotypic expression observed in familial LCAT deficiency syndromes.
CRITICAL ROLE OF DETERMINANT PRESENTATION IN THE INDUCTION OF SPECIFIC RESPONSES IN IMMUNO-COMPETENT LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: David H. Katz, Emil R. Unanue
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

A detailed analysis of the role of determinant presentation in the process of triggering immunocompetent lymphocytes has been made utilizing cell-bound hapten-carrier conjugates to elicit secondary antihapten antibody responses, primarily in vitro. The results of these experiments demonstrate that: (a) hapten-protein conjugates will attach to the surface membranes of macrophages directly, in the absence of specific antibodies, in a highly immunogenic form; (b) such macrophage-bound conjugates serve as remarkedly efficient stimuli to trigger both thymus-derived (T) and bone marrow-derived (B) cells in a specific manner, lowering the optimal threshold antigen dose (in molar terms) by several logs as compared with soluble antigen; (c) the macrophage is not unique in this regard, since fibroblasts are essentially comparable in the capacity to present antigen in highly immunogenic form; (d) cell surface-bound antigen clearly favors secondary in vitro responses of the IgG as compared with the IgM antibody class; (e) in terms of triggering B or T cells, antigen bound to macrophages in the form of immune complexes does not appear to possess any appreciable advantage over equimolar quantities of directly attached antigen; (f) the increased immunogenicity of cell-bound antigen appears to reflect certain crucial, and undefined, features of cell surface membranes and not merely the stabilization of determinants on a relatively immobile surface; and (g) although the efficiency of lymphocyte triggering is markedly enhanced by cell-bound antigen, the presence of macrophages is apparently not an absolute requirement for eliciting secondary in vitro antibody responses to soluble hapten-protein conjugates. The relevance of these observations to the nature of the signal induced upon antigen interaction by specific lymphocytes and the sequential cellular events involved in the regulatory influence of activated T cells on B cell responses to antigen is discussed. We postulate that T lymphocytes are best triggered by cell-bound antigen and that after this step the activated T lymphocytes regulate the triggering of B cells with antigen.
Degree of revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary disease: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry.
Authors: G S Reeder, D R Holmes, K Detre, T Costigan, S F Kelsey
Journal: Circulation (1988)

There is controversy regarding the application of angioplasty to patients with multivessel disease in whom all significant stenoses are not dilated. We analyzed the outcomes of 286 patients with multivessel disease and prior successful angioplasty at a mean follow-up duration of 26.2 months. End points analyzed included death, myocardial infarction, late revascularization, and angina pectoris. After successful angioplasty, 127 patients had no residual stenoses of 70% or greater (group 1) and 159 patients had one or more residual stenoses of 70% or greater (group 2). Because there were significant differences in baseline risk factors between the two groups, a logistic regression model was used to make the necessary adjustments in the analysis. Adjusted estimates of the risk of death, death/myocardial infarction, or presence of angina pectoris did not differ between the two groups. Group 2 patients, however, had more coronary artery bypass surgery during follow-up, while those in group 1 had more second PTCA procedures. Results suggest that angioplasty can be safely applied to patients with multivessel disease, even when all significant stenoses are not dilated.
How to encourage compassion
Authors: Kinesh Patel
Journal: BMJ (2013)

He looked at me through newly opened eyes as if I were half crazed. I know this look well: it’s one I’ve seen quite a few times in my career. “How are you, Frank? It’s been quite a while,” I said, rubbing him on the upper arm as a measure of my affection.

“Fine,” he mumbled groggily, no doubt wondering who the lunatic stroking him was.

He had come in for a coronary artery bypass graft three weeks before. The procedure had gone well, but his age and …
Bulbar Spinal Poliomyelitis Complicating Pregnancy at Term
Authors: Hugh M. Pratt, Bernard Yim, William L. West
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

RAPIDLY progressive bulbar spinal poliomyelitis in a patient with pregnancy at or near term may pose difficult problems. If spontaneous labor occurs during the acute phase of the illness and the pregnancy has been otherwise uncomplicated, a vaginal delivery may be anticipated. Uterine contractions and emptying are not impaired by paralytic poliomyelitis, and delivery from below is the best course. However, if spontaneous labor does not occur and if the patient requires tracheotomy and a respirator, and there is doubt of maternal survival, an elective cesarean section is indicated. Although the primary reason for performing a cesarean section in these . . .
A double-blind study to assess the effectiveness of mupirocin in the treatment of infected eczema
Authors: L.R. Lever, D.A. Leigh, J.D. Wilkinson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article A double‐blind study to assess the effectiveness of mupirocin in the treatment of infected eczema Get access L.R. Lever, L.R. Lever Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.A. Leigh, D.A. Leigh Microbiology, Wycombe General Hospital, High Wycombe Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Wilkinson J.D. Wilkinson Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 35–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb12999.x Published: 01 July 1985
THE PROBLEM OF GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: WILLIAM A. COOPER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The prodigious effort expended by the medical profession in the study of malignant diseases probably has had less effect on mortality from gastric cancer than on that from any other of the common types of carcinoma. While gratifying progress has been made in the treatment of cancer of the skin, nasopharynx, larynx, cervix uteri and the breast, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, and most particularly of the stomach, remains a highly lethal disease. A favorable outcome in gastric cancer is so unusual that most practicing physicians have never witnessed a cure. Indeed, only those privileged to observe, over a long period of time, large numbers of patients with cancer of the stomach are in a position to know of the occasional cures. In a disease with such a dismal outlook it seems prudent to review its salient features to determine (1) whether this outlook is justified and (2) what is
Relationships Between Alterations in Amine Metabolism and Blood Pressure
Authors: ALBERT SJOERDSMA
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The principal processes of synthesis and metabolism for aromatic amines have been discussed in terms of their status in essential hypertension and in relation to alterations induced by enzyme inhibitors with hypotensive properties. From a practical standpoint, the clinical use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and a decarboxylase inhibitor (α-methyldopa) approach the achievement of medical sympathectomy without prohibitive side effects. From a basic standpoint, use of these inhibitors as biochemical tools affords a new perspective into connections between aromatic amine metabolism and blood-pressure regulation. A combined pharmacological-biochemical approach in man will be an important phase of future investigations.