tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of a new antibody system reacting with Dane particles in hepatitis B virus infection.
Authors: A Alberti, S Diana, G H Sculard, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Antibodies in the serum reacting with antigens on the surface of radiolabelled Dane particles distinct from hepatitis B surface and core antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg) were detected, using a double antibody precipitation assay, in 12 out of 15 patients early in the course of acute type B hepatitis and at the time of disappearance of circulating Dane particles. No such antibody activity was found in 15 of the 16 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis, 13 of whom had complete Dane particles in the serum. In a group of 16 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (without Dane particles in serum) antibody activity was shown in nine. This demonstration of antibodies precipitating Dane particles may be relevant to the clearance of circulating hepatitis B virions and the termination of infection in acute type B hepatitis. Their absence in all but one of the cases of chronic active hepatitis might explain why the virus infection persists in this group of patients.
78. Expression of the Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Gene by a Promoter Region of the Human SPARC Gene Inhibits Human Melanoma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Maria V. Lopez, Patricia V. Blanco, Diego L. Viale, Eduardo A. Cafferata, David Gould, Yuti Chernajovsky, Osvaldo Podhajcer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Transcriptional targeting utilizes tumor-associated gene (TAG) promoters to direct the expression of therapeutic genes specifically to the malignant tumor cells. However, solid human tumors are highly heterogeneous and TAGs are currently expressed in only a percentage of malignant cells. In addition, tumor progression evolves as a cross talk between the different cell types within the tumor and the surrounding stroma, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. As a first approach to co-target the different components of a tumor mass we investigated the properties of the human SPARC promoter. SPARC expression is highest during embryo development in bone and cartilage areas while in adults its expression is restricted to tissues undergoing extensive cellular turnover. Different studies have shown that SPARC is overexpressed in a variety of cancer types not only in malignant cells but also in tumor-associated fibroblasts and endothelium. First, we compared the transcriptional activity of different constructs encompassing the human SPARC promoter region to drive luciferase expression in human malignant cells from different origins as well as in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. We analyzed the activity of a fragment corresponding to the SPARC promoter (hSPPr) that extends from -1176 bp to +71 bp and includes the untranslated exon 1. hSPPr activity was higher in malignant cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells overexpressing SPARC compared to cells with lower levels or none SPARC expression. A SPARC promoter version with a 10 bp deletion between two GGA boxes hSPPr(|[Auml]|10) that appears to be inhibitory, increased the promoter activity 4 to 7 fold in SPARC-expressing tumor cells and 3 to 5 fold in SPARC non-expressing cells. We investigated the properties of human SPARC promoter-based gene therapy. We prepared plasmid-based vectors carrying the thymidine kinase gene (TK) driven by the different forms of SPARC promoter and evaluated its efficacy in the presence of gancyclovir (GCV) in vitro, in cell culture and spheroids, and in vivo after xenograft transplantation. SPARC-expressing melanoma cells stably producing TK driven by hSPPr (MEL-SPPr-TK) were killed in the presence of GCV when grown as monolayers and spheroids even when the latter were made of malignant cells and fibroblasts. The sensitization to GCV was retained in vivo. Indeed, almost complete tumor regression was observed in nude mice injected with MEL-SPPr-TK cells and treated daily with GCV starting from day 10 after tumor cells injection. Thus, suicide gene therapy driven by SPARC gene promoter appears as a useful strategy for conditional targeting in cancer gene therapy.
Anaesthetics and elderly patients.
Authors: H T Davenport
Journal: BMJ (1991)

competent multispecialty assessment of their individual needs, wishes, and likelihood of benefit, not their age.This may terrify the accountants, but there will be savings as well as costs.If all patients are assessed for treatment on the basis of their physiology extra spending on older people will be partly offset by some younger people being spared the heroic but predictably futile interventions currently lavished on them simply because they are younger.Moreover, the economic, as distinct from the hospital, costs of some curative interventions (for severe angina, for example) may be more than offset by savings on institutional and domiciliary care for chronic disability.The necessary research urgently needs to be done.The NHS offers an excellent setting for systematic protocol based collection of clinical, physiological, and outcome data on patients using specific facilities.With the improved informa- tion systems being installed in hospitals and primary care the opportunities for such research should be greater than ever.The public would be glad to see the new systems being used to improve care rather than merely to trim costs.
Managing Anaphylaxis In Adults: A Review Of All Cases Presenting In A Single Year At An Emergency Department
Authors: Yarden Yanishevsky, Ann Elaine Clarke, Sebastian La Vieille, Scott Delaney, Reza Alizadehfar, Christopher Mill, Lawrence Joseph, Judy Morris, Yuka Asai, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Working in Australia
Authors: S. Kisely
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Australia and its Commonwealth counterparts New Zealand and Canada have long been popular destinations for medical graduates from the United Kingdom who wish to work on either a temporary or a permanent basis. Changes to immigration procedures, medical registration, and the recognition of specialist qualifications have made working in all three countries more difficult for British doctors. This article, which covers Australia, is the first in a series explaining these changes and their effect on British doctors considering either temporary work experience or permanent settlement in any of these countries.

Australia has a federal constitution and consists of six states and two territories. The health system is a hybrid of publicly and privately funded provision.(1) Although the whole population is covered for treatment in the public system by Medicare, the independent sector is larger than that in the United Kingdom, with significantly more people having private health insurance.

Publicly funded health care is, in turn, a joint responsibility of the federal (termed commonwealth) health department and the separate departments of health in each state.(1) The commonwealth is responsible for Medicare, pharmaceutical benefits, and nursing home funding, while the state governments act as both the purchaser and provider of publicly funded hospital and community services.(1)

There is an oversupply of doctors in many parts of Australia, and, although employment vacancies exist in the more remote areas, fewer opportunities are available in the main Australian cities or regional centres.

Medical training in Australia is very similar to that in the United Kingdom. The award of a primary medical degree is followed by a year as an intern (equivalent to the preregistration house officer year). Junior doctors then undergo a period of basic specialist training of …
Private GP clinics criticised
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A critical report of private, walk-in GP clinics in the magazine Health Which? , published by the Consumers' Association, has provoked a furious response from Sinclair Montrose Healthcare, the company that operates the medical centres concerned.

The report is based on the experience of investigators who posed as patients. The potential problems it highlights include lack of access to patient records and failure to ensure that details of every consultation are forwarded to the patients' GPs. Poor continuity of care and the scope for abuse by patients who deliberately fail to disclose relevant information are described …
Suicide in Professional Groups
Authors: P. H. Blachly, H. T. Osterud, R. Josslin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

EXPERIENCE in dealing with depressive reactions and suicidal behavior in physicians caused us to inquire whether the frequency of suicide is higher among persons engaged in certain professions than in the general population. If this were found to be true, perhaps preventive measures could be taken in the form of increased education of students entering the professions regarding the symptoms of this occupational hazard.Dublin and Spiegelman,1 in a review of mortality in American physicians from 1938–42, concluded that suicide was slightly more common in physicians than in the general population (39.0 per 100,000 as compared with 37.6 per 100,000 . . .
CRIC3, a chemokine receptor inactivator as a novel approach in the treatment of allergic diseases
Authors: J. Elsner, I. Hartung, R. Bäder, S.E. Escher, N. Spodsberg, Y. Dulkys, M. Walden, A. Heitland, S. Senger, A. Braun, W.G. Forssman, U. Forssmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Nateglinide did not reduce diabetes or CV events in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and CV risk factors
Authors: Michael Farkouh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club15 June 2010Nateglinide did not reduce diabetes or CV events in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and CV risk factorsMichael Farkouh, MD, MScMichael Farkouh, MD, MScMount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (M.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationThe NAVIGATOR Study Group. Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1463-76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20228402Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: References1 Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, et al. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009;374:1677-86. [PMID: 19878986] Google Scholar2 Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Bosch J, et al. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1096-105. [PMID: 16997664] Google Scholar3 Bosch J, Yusuf S, Gerstein HC, et al. Effect of ramipril on the incidence of diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1551-62. [PMID: 16980380] Google Scholar4 Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:580-91. [PMID: 18256393] Google Scholar5 Montori VM, Isley WL, Guyatt GH. Waking up from the DREAM of preventing diabetes with drugs. BMJ. 2007;334:882-4. [PMID: 17463460] Google Scholar6 American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:S62-9. [PMID: 20042775] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Farkouh, MD, MScAffiliations: Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (M.F.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 June 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoValsartan reduced diabetes but not CV events in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and CV risk factors Michael Farkouh Metrics 15 June 2010Volume 152, Issue 12Page: JC6-10KeywordsBlood plasmaCardiovascular disease riskGlucoseGlucose intoleranceHospitalizationsHypertensionMedical risk factorsMyocardial infarctionRevascularizationUnstable angina ePublished: 15 June 2010 Issue Published: 15 June 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Swedish sports medicine is alive and well!
Authors: Mats Börjesson, Jon Karlsson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

The Swedish Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine (SFAIM) brings some of the best Swedish sports medicine and exercise related research to BJSM .

Sjogren et al ( see page 1407 ) report an intervention study on the effects of physical activity on telomere length. This study demonstrates that reduced sedentary time (but interestingly not physical exercise) was associated with the lengthening of telomeres in white blood cells in older, overweight sedentary people. This emphasises the importance of reducing sedentary time, as well as increasing everyday physical activity. Clinically, these findings reinforce that the first step for overweight patients is to reduce sedentary time.

Concussion and the potential for brain injury are increasingly recognised. Parents may be reluctant to allow their children to participate in concussion-prone sports, such as ice-hockey and American football. If a person is concussed, one question is do medical personnel follow the concussion rules? Possibly more than 1 000 000 people watched the recent World Cup match where a player who sustained a concussion early in the match played on for several minutes. After the game, the player reportedly said, “I did not know where I …
The Role of Air Pollution in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Bertram W. Carnow
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Bertram W. Carnow, Associate Professor and Head of the Section of Environmental Health in the Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, the University of Illinois School of Medicine: A 30-year-old white woman with chronic asthma was admitted to a Chicago hospital on Nov 5, 1969, because of a mass in the right ovary. At the time of admission the patient was free of respiratory symptoms. To control her asthma the patient was using daily isoproterenol-saline aerosol therapy, ephedrine, and aminophylline. The asthma had been associated with recurrent bronchitis since childhood. During puberty she had been free of respiratory symptoms, but asthmatic episodes recurred following a nasal polypectomy at age 17 years. From that time to the present the patient has had many severe episodes of asthma with and without bronchitis, two episodes of bronchopneumonia, and in the past four years has been hospitalized 11 times in status asthmaticus.
RELAPSING FEVER IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: LeROY H. BRIGGS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

True relapsing fever arising from a focus in California seems important enough to warrant the reporting of two cases. Prior to the announcement of Obermeier in 1873 that relapsing fever was a spirochetosis, a number of cases had been reported throughout the Eastern states, as well as an epidemic among the Chinese population of Oroville, Calif., in 1874. These cases were frequently associated with typhus, and no absolute diagnosis could be made. Since the demonstration of the spirochete, however, the number of proved cases in the United States has been very few, and with the exception of the Colorado instances, all limited to direct importations. Those of Ward<sup>1</sup>and of Tuttle<sup>2</sup>were in Armenians. Carlisle's<sup>3</sup>first patient was a ship's steward from eastern tropical America, and his second case resulted from a laboratory infection from the first. Hunter and Cope<sup>4</sup>reported a case in a man
A Conserved Switch in Sensory Processing Prepares Developing Neocortex for Vision
Authors: Matthew T. Colonnese, Anna Kaminska, Marat Minlebaev, Mathieu Milh, Bernard Bloem, Sandra Lescure, Guy Moriette, Catherine Chiron, Yehezkel Ben-Ari, Rustem Khazipov
Journal: Neuron (2010)
CASE OF FUNNEL PELVIS WITH CESAREAN SECTION.
Authors: CHARLES B. REED
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>HISTORY</h3> On May 4, 1900, in my service at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital, I saw the patient, aged 19, in her first confinement. She had been in labor twenty-four hours, the membranes had ruptured and dilatation was complete. The unengaged head presented, mobile above the inlet in L. O. A., and the woman was nearly exhausted by her long labor. The external measurements of the pelvis were small and the conjugata diagonalis could not be obtained. The outlet seemed contracted, but an estimation of the size of the child's head did not apparently preclude its passage and, with the usual preparations and precautions, a combined external and internal version was done. The anterior foot was seized and brought down and the extraction followed directly. No trouble was experienced until the head reached the inlet and refused to enter; under the combined use of pressure from above (on abdomen)
Rapid Microbiological Assay for 5-Fluorocytosine
Authors: D. J. Schiavone, M. D. Page, J. K. Dawborn
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A microbiological assay was developed for 5-fluorocytosine based on inhibition by the drug of the fall in pH produced by Candida albicans in a synthetic liquid culture medium. Serum and urine levels of the drug could be measured reproducibly in four hours.
Searching for New Meaning in PREVENT IV?
Authors: David D. Yuh
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

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Spending some of the preregistration year in general practice [.
Authors: F. M. Hull
Journal: BMJ (1989)

bifurcations and bends and may be related to low velocity low shear areas forming.'4-'6 This might result in local accumulation of lipids and other constituents, and activated platelets and white cells might spend longer at the site, promoting their interaction with the endothelium.Smoking is associated with an increased packed cell volume, increased circulating fibrinogen concentrations, and blood viscosity'" 18 and hence might encourage further blood stagnation in these areas.'9Thus a combination of smoking and haemodynamic factors might promote atherogenesis in specific sites of the arterial tree and perhaps more in peripheral than in coronary arteries.
Problem-Oriented Approach to Practice
Authors: Samuel E. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Tufo et al entitled Problem-Oriented Approach to Practice (238: 414-417, 1977) concludes that changes in the practice were due to use of the problem-oriented system. There was  sharp decrease in hospital admissions and not in the length of stay. This was most dramatic in the general medical services.  The authors state that with the exception of depression and other behavioral problems that are now being identified more vigorously than before, the same frequency distribution of problems is present in the old patient population as in the new patient population. I believe this is the reason for the reduction in use of medical services and not the use of the problem-oriented system.  My experience at the primary care level showed a marked reduction in hospital services as I became more involved and experienced in managing emotional illnesses. Similar experiences have been reported in
Abstract 658: Methylation profile of CCNA1, MGMT, HIC1, TIMP3, AIM1, DAPK and CDH1 genes in head and neck cancer.
Authors: Lidia Maria R B Arantes, Ana Carolina de Carvalho, Matias Eliseo Melendez, Eloiza Elena Tajara, Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo, André L. Carvalho
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Head and neck carcinomas are among the most frequent tumor types worldwide, with around 500,000 new cases diagnosed per year. The most common variant is the squamous cell carcinoma from the upper aerodigestive tract (HNSCC), representing 90% of these malignancies. Activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are the major genetic alterations involved in carcinogenesis. The increase in methylation in the promoter region of a tumor suppressor gene, or the lack of methylation of a proto-oncogene promoter region, can lead to progressive reduction/enhancement of its expression, resulting in its silencing, thus selecting cells with proliferative advantage. Promoter hypermethylation is considered a tumor marker in a variety of malignant neoplasias, including HNSCC. The objective of this work was to analyze the hypermethylation profile of CCNA1, MGMT, HIC1, TIMP3, AIM1, DAPK and CDH1 genes in DNA tumor samples of HNSCC patients included in Head and Neck Genome Project (GENCAPO). In this study, DNA was extracted from 33 tumor samples from HNSCC patients. Extracted DNA was submitted to bisulfite treatment and analyzed using Quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR (Q-MSP), this real-time PCR methodology allows a more objective, robust, and rapid assessment of promoter methylation status. Criteria for positive methylation of promoter regions by Q-MSP range from 0.01 to 100%. Our results showed that at least two of these genes were found methylated in 100% of the samples analyzed. In addition, the presence of promoter hypermethylation of Cyclin A1 (CCNA1) was significantly associated to absence of tobacco consumption (P=0.042). However, methylated DNA tumors were not associated with tumor site (CCNA1, P=0.55; MGMT, P=0.29; HIC1, P=1.00; TIMP3, P=1.00; AIM1, P=1.00 and DAPK, P=1.00) nor clinical stage (CCNA1, P=0.64; MGMT, P=0.38; HIC1, P=1.00; TIMP3, P=0.57; AIM1, P=0.55 and DAPK, P=1.00). In conclusion, the results suggest that hypermethylation of the CCNA1 gene is significantly associated to tobacco consumption in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Citation Format: Lidia Maria R B Arantes, Ana Carolina de Carvalho, Matias Eliseo Melendez, Eloiza Elena Tajara, Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo, André L. Carvalho, Head and Neck Genome Project GENCAPO. Methylation profile of CCNA1, MGMT, HIC1, TIMP3, AIM1, DAPK and CDH1 genes in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 658. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-658