tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Soccer injuries of youth.
Authors: S Schmidt-Olsen, L K Bünemann, V Lade, J O Brassøe
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

During a soccer tournament with participation of 6,600 boys and girls (9-19 years) all injuries were evaluated, 5.2% of the players were injured; out of these 51% had "slight injuries", 42% "moderate injuries" and 7% "severe injuries". For the individual player the incidence of injury was 19.1/1,000 playing hours including all degrees of injuries; if "slight injuries" were excluded the incidence was 9.4/1,000 playing hours. The incidence rose with increasing age, girls were injured more often than boys. There were 81% of all injuries localised to the lower extremity, especially the ankle and foot. Contusion was the most frequent diagnosis, amounting to a third of all injuries. Blisters and exoriations amounted to nearly a fifth, 4% of the injuries were fractures, especially in the upper extremity; overuse injuries were seen only in 5.2% of the cases. Based on examination of the injury pattern in these children, injuries of youth seem to be relatively rare and mostly of a non-severe character.
Chloride channel inhibition by a red wine extract and a synthetic small molecule prevents rotaviral secretory diarrhoea in neonatal mice
Authors: Eun-A Ko, Byung-Ju Jin, Wan Namkung, Tonghui Ma, Jay R Thiagarajah, A S Verkman
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe secretory diarrhoea in infants and young children globally. The rotaviral enterotoxin, NSP4, has been proposed to stimulate calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC) on the apical plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. We previously identified red wine and small molecule CaCC inhibitors. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the efficacy of a red wine extract and a synthetic small molecule, CaCC<sub>inh</sub>-A01, in inhibiting intestinal CaCCs and rotaviral diarrhoea. <h3>Design</h3> Inhibition of CaCC-dependent current was measured in T84 cells and mouse ileum. The effectiveness of an orally administered wine extract and CaCC<sub>inh</sub>-A01 in inhibiting diarrhoea in vivo was determined in a neonatal mouse model of rotaviral infection. <h3>Results</h3> Screening of ∼150 red wines revealed a Cabernet Sauvignon that inhibited CaCC current in T84 cells with IC<sub>50</sub> at a ∼1:200 dilution, and higher concentrations producing 100% inhibition. A &gt;1 kdalton wine extract prepared by dialysis, which retained full inhibition activity, blocked CaCC current in T84 cells and mouse intestine. In rotavirus-inoculated mice, oral administration of the wine extract prevented diarrhoea by inhibition of intestinal fluid secretion without affecting rotaviral infection. The wine extract did not inhibit the cystic fibrosis chloride channel (CFTR) in cell cultures, nor did it prevent watery stools in neonatal mice administered cholera toxin, which activates CFTR-dependent fluid secretion. CaCC<sub>inh</sub>-A01 also inhibited rotaviral diarrhoea. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results support a pathogenic role for enterocyte CaCCs in rotaviral diarrhoea and demonstrate the antidiarrhoeal action of CaCC inhibition by an alcohol-free, red wine extract and by a synthetic small molecule.
Diet and Exercise Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Karin M. Nelson, Gayle Reiber, Edward J. Boyko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To describe diet and exercise practices from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS—We analyzed data from 1,480 adults older than 17 years with a self-reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Fruit and vegetable consumption was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire; the percentages of total calories from fat and saturated fat were obtained from a 24-h food recall. Physical activity was based on self report during the month before the survey. RESULTS—Of individuals with type 2 diabetes, 31% reported no regular physical activity and another 38% reported less than recommended levels of physical activity. Sixty-two percent of respondents ate fewer than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Almost two thirds of the respondents consumed &amp;gt;30% of their daily calories from fat and &amp;gt;10% of total calories from saturated fat. Mexican Americans and individuals over the age of 65 years ate a higher number of fruits and vegetables and a lower percentage of total calories from fat. Lower income and increasing age were associated with physical inactivity. Thirty-six percent of the sample were overweight and another 46% were obese. CONCLUSIONS—The majority of individuals with type 2 diabetes were overweight, did not engage in recommended levels of physical activity, and did not follow dietary guidelines for fat and fruit and vegetable consumption. Additional measures are needed to encourage regular physical activity and improve dietary habits in this population.
Intravenous aminophylline in patients already taking oral theophylline: effect on calculated dose of knowledge of serum theophylline concentration on admission.
Authors: J Wiggins, O A Arbab, D E Stableforth, J G Ayres
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Measurement of serum theophylline concentration is usually recommended before intravenous aminophylline is given to patients taking oral theophylline. Fifty patients with worsening airflow obstruction, all of whom were taking oral theophyllines and who had no contraindication to the use of parenteral aminophylline, were randomly allocated into two groups before treatment was given. The dose of aminophylline was calculated without (group A) and with (group B) knowledge of admission serum theophylline concentration. In group A a regimen incorporating corrections to account for factors affecting theophylline clearance was used in an attempt to represent a "knowledgeable" approach; in group B a formula incorporating the known serum theophylline concentration at the time of admission was used. All loading doses were given over 30 minutes as "mini infusions." The two groups were well matched for age, blood gas tensions, and severity of airflow obstruction. The results for four patients (one from group A and three from group B) were excluded from analysis after completion of the study. In each group the mean admission serum theophylline concentration measured (group A: 8.4 (SD 6.0)mg/l; group B: 7.2 (5.7)mg/l) and the aminophylline doses used (group A: loading bolus 172 (45.5)mg, infusion 815 (198)mg; group B: loading bolus 233(189)mg, infusion 788(214)mg) were similar. Mean serum theophylline concentrations during 24 hours9 aminophylline treatment, number of patients with a serum theophylline concentration greater than 20 mg/l, symptoms of toxicity, and outcome were also similar in the two groups. Although satisfactory use of parenteral aminophylline was achieved for most patients without knowledge of serum theophylline concentration at the time of admission to hospital (with the aid of a "knowledgeable" clinical approach and constant infusion pumps), prompt measurement of serum theophylline concentration at the time of admission identified patients with either suboptimal or potentially hazardous theophylline concentrations.
Loss of Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 Protein Expression Predicts Reduced Disease-Free Survival in Subsets of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: David G. Hicks, Brian J. Yoder, Sarah Short, Shannon Tarr, Nichole Prescott, Joseph P. Crowe, Andrea E. Dawson, G. Thomas Budd, Steven Sizemore, Muzaffer Cicek, Toni K. Choueiri, Raymond R. Tubbs, Daniel Gaile, Norma Nowak, Mary Ann Accavitti-Loper, Andra R. Frost, Danny R. Welch, Graham Casey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of loss of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) protein expression on disease-free survival in breast cancer patients stratified by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or HER2 status, and to determine whether loss of BRMS1 protein expression correlated with genomic copy number changes. Experimental Design: A tissue microarray immunohistochemical analysis was done on tumors of 238 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who underwent surgery at the Cleveland Clinic between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1996, and a comparison was made with 5-year clinical follow-up data. Genomic copy number changes were determined by array-based comparative genomic hybridization in 47 breast cancer cases from this population and compared with BRMS1 staining. Results: BRMS1 protein expression was lost in nearly 25% of cases. Patients with tumors that were PR negative (P = 0.006) or HER2 positive (P = 0.039) and &amp;lt;50 years old at diagnosis (P = 0.02) were more likely to be BRMS1 negative. No overall correlation between BRMS1 staining and disease-free survival was observed. A significant correlation, however, was seen between loss of BRMS1 protein expression and reduced disease-free survival when stratified by either loss of ER (P = 0.008) or PR (P = 0.029) or HER2 overexpression (P = 0.026). Overall, there was poor correlation between BRMS1 protein staining and copy number status. Conclusions: These data suggest a mechanistic relationship between BRMS1 expression, hormone receptor status, and HER2 growth factor. BRMS1 staining could potentially be used in patient stratification in conjunction with other prognostic markers. Further, mechanisms other than genomic deletion account for loss of BRMS1 gene expression in breast tumors.
Somatic Integration From an Adenoviral Hybrid Vector into a Hot Spot in Mouse Liver Results in Persistent Transgene Expression Levels In Vivo
Authors: Anja Ehrhardt, Stephen R Yant, Jeffery C Giering, Hui Xu, Jeffrey A Engler, Mark A Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have developed a hybrid vector that combines the high transduction efficiency of a gene-deleted adenoviral vector and the integration machinery of the bacteriophage-derived integrase PhiC31 for stable transduction and limited integration sites. We based our system on a two-vector system in which the transgene expression cassette is circularized from a helper-dependent vector by Flp-mediated recombination, followed by PhiC31-mediated integration. Integration of the transgene expression cassette from the adenoviral vector resulted in 5-fold higher transgene expression levels in the active PhiC31 group compared to the control group, which received a mutated and inactive version of PhiC31. We confirmed transgene integration into the previously described mpsL1 hot spot of integration by polymerase chain reaction analyses of DNA isolated from mouse livers. In addition, we cloned 40 integration sites. The hot spot mpsL1 was detected only once, and 44% of all integration events were found to be present in gene regions. With further optimization, this system represents a new tool for gene therapy protocols that may offer an alternative to gene therapy approaches based on random integrating viral vectors.
Assessment of Hospital Performance by Use of Death Rates
Authors: J. Richard Hebel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This article discusses an analytical approach for interpreting hospital death rates. A study of patient mortality in four hospitals in a large metropolitan area demonstrates the principles underlying this approach. One hospital, which experienced an annual crude death rate almost twice that of the other three, was suspected of providing an inferior quality of care. Case-mix differences among the hospitals introduced a serious bias, however, and were later taken into account. The patients' primary diagnosis was found to be the most important case-mix variable, with a potential for biasing death rate comparisons. After adjustment for case mix, the maximum difference in death rates among the four hospitals was reduced from 19 to four deaths per 1,000 patients. Further analysis of diagnosis-specific mortality supported the thesis that the observed mortality excess was largely attributable to patient referral patterns in the community. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:3131-3135)
Increased Proteasome Activity, Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes, and eEF1A Translation Factor Detected in Breast Cancer Tissue
Authors: Li Chen, Kiran Madura
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The ubiquitin (Ub)/proteasome pathway facilitates the degradation of damaged proteins and regulators of growth and stress response. The activation of this pathway in various cancers and malignancies has been described, and several genetic determinants of breast cancer, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, are linked to protein degradation. To investigate the involvement of the Ub/proteasome system in breast cancer, we examined a collection of 25 patient-matched breast cancer and normal adjacent tissues and detected activation of numerous components of the Ub/proteasome pathway. The activity of the proteasome, and levels of proteasome subunits and various targeting factors, were increased in &amp;gt;90% of primary breast cancer tissue specimens. In contrast, no activation was observed in benign solid tumors, indicating that the response is specific to abnormal growth in neoplastic cells. Additionally, the accumulation of high levels of certain Ub-conjugating enzymes (UbcH1, UbcH2, and UbcH5), was specific to breast cancer, as no change in abundance was detected in primary colon cancer tissue extracts. Surprisingly, the Ub/proteasome system was not activated in a well-characterized cell culture–based breast cancer model system. Collectively, these findings suggest that the analysis of primary breast cancer tissue samples will be indispensable for the biochemical characterization of neoplastic growth and for the development of therapeutics.
Control of Exposure to Mite Allergen and Allergen-Impermeable Bed Covers for Adults with Asthma
Authors: Ashley Woodcock, Louise Forster, Edward Matthews, Jeannett Martin, Louise Letley, Madge Vickers, John Britton, David Strachan, Peter Howarth, Daniel Altmann, Christopher Frost, Adnan Custovic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The effectiveness of avoidance of house-dust-mite allergen (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 [Der p1]) in the management of asthma is uncertain.We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of allergen-impermeable bed covers involving 1122 adults with asthma. The primary outcomes were the mean morning peak expiratory flow rate over a four-week period during the run-in phase and at six months and the proportion of patients who discontinued inhaled corticosteroid therapy as part of a phased-reduction program during months 7 through 12. Der p1 was measured in mattress dust in a 10 percent random subsample of homes at entry and at 6 and 12 months.The prevalence of sensitivity to dust-mite allergen was 65.4 percent in the group supplied with allergen-impermeable bed covers (active-intervention group) and 65.1 percent in the control group supplied with non-impermeable bed covers. The concentration of Der p1 in mattress dust was significantly lower in the active-intervention group at 6 months (geometric mean, 0.58 microg per gram vs. 1.71 microg per gram in the control group; P=0.01) but not at 12 months (1.05 microg per gram vs. 1.64 microg per gram; P=0.74). The mean morning peak expiratory flow rate improved significantly in both groups (from 410.7 to 419.1 liters per minute in the active-intervention group, P<0.001 for the change; and from 417.8 to 427.4 liters per minute in the control group, P<0.001 for the change). After adjustment for base-line differences (by analysis of covariance), there was no significant difference between the groups in the peak expiratory flow rate at six months (difference in means, active-intervention group vs. control group, -1.6 liters per minute [95 percent confidence interval, -5.9 to 2.7] among all patients [P=0.46] and -1.5 liters per minute [95 percent confidence interval, -6.9 to 3.9] among mite-sensitive patients [P=0.59]). There was no significant difference between the groups in the proportion in whom complete cessation of inhaled corticosteroid therapy was achieved (17.4 percent in the active-intervention group and 17.1 percent in the control group) or in the mean reduction in steroid dose, either among all patients or among mite-sensitive patients.Allergen-impermeable covers, as a single intervention for the avoidance of exposure to dust-mite allergen, seem clinically ineffective in adults with asthma.
Baclofen with famotidine for intractable hiccups
Authors: K Marien, D Havlak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

To the Editor:Hiccups, which are caused by involuntary contractions of inspiratory muscles, can cause discomfort and when intractable, may, potentially, be a severe condition.Chronic hiccups have been treated with a variety of pharmacological agents including chlorpromazine, metaclopromide, nifedipine, haloperidol, lidocaine, baclofen and various gastric acid secretion suppressors [1][2][3].This neurorespiratory disorder is rare, with the few case reports available providing some information regarding treatment [1][2][3].Encouraging results were provided in 1995 by a chronic hiccup study, presented in the Journal by GUELAUD et al. [4], using baclofen in patients showing no gastro-oesophageal disease and using cisapride and omeprazole (with the eventual possible addition of baclofen) in patients with gastro-oesophageal abnormalities.Although the presence of hiccups and gastro-oesophageal reflux in the same patient may still be considered coincidental [5], case report evidence is becoming available to indicate that a causal relationship may exist [1,4,6].Recently, a healthy male aged 36 yrs was diagnosed with intractable hiccups for 6 days.The patient had contractions at the rate of one every 3 s with no relief available from methods used to eliminate nonpathological hiccups.A sustained Valsalva manoeuvre worked on occasion, but relapse would occur with gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms.The individual was given a single dose of chlorpromazine with no effect.Famotidine was initiated at 40 mg•day -1 and concomitantly, baclofen was provided at an initial dose of 15 mg•day -1 (5 mg every 8 h).As this regimen had no effect, baclofen was increased to 20 mg•day -1 (5 mg every 6 h) providing excellent relief of hiccups.Baclofen treatment was maintained for 10 days without relapse.Baclofen dosage was then reduced by increasing the dosage interval (2 h•day -1 ).The interval was equivalent to one half-life (4 h) every 2 days and continued until only one 5 mg
The Copenhagen Standardised MRI protocol to assess the pubic symphysis and adductor regions of athletes: outline and intratester and intertester reliability
Authors: Sonia Branci, Kristian Thorborg, Birthe Højlund Bech, Mikael Boesen, Erland Magnussen, Michel Court-Payen, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Per Hölmich
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background There is currently no standardised MRI evaluation protocol for athletes who present with symptoms that may relate to the pubic symphysis, the pubic bones, and the adductor muscle insertions. We outline the protocol and reliability data. Material and methods Three musculoskeletal radiologists developed an 11-element MRI evaluation protocol defined according to precise criteria and illustrated in a pictorial atlas. Eighty-six male athletes (soccer players and non-soccer players) underwent standardised 3 Tesla MRI of the pelvis. Two external musculoskeletal radiologists were trained to use the protocol and pictorial atlas during two sessions of 2–4 h each. Each radiologist rated all 86 MRI independently. One radiologist evaluated the scans once, the other twice 2 months apart. Cohen κ statistics were used to determine intraobserver and interobserver agreement. Results The main findings were (1) substantial intraobserver (κ range 0.65–0.67) and moderate interobserver (κ range 0.45–0.52) agreement in rating pubic bone marrow oedema, (2) substantial to moderate intraobserver (κ range 0.49–0.72) and moderate-to-fair interobserver (κ range 0.21–0.52) agreement in rating most other MRI findings, (3) slight intraobserver and interobserver (κ range −0.06–0.05) agreement in rating adductor longus tendinopathy. Conclusions The Copenhagen Standardised MRI protocol demonstrated moderate-to-substantial reliability in rating bone marrow oedema, and varied from fair-to-substantial agreement for the majority of MRI features, but showed only slight agreement in rating adductor longus tendinopathy. This rigorous investigation also confirms that while MRI evaluation seems to provide reasonable reliability in rating pubic bone marrow oedema, the evaluation of adductor tendinopathy in a clinical and research setting needs further resolution by continued development and testing of MRI acquisition protocols.
Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Prostaglandin E2 Levels in Rectal Mucosa
Authors: M. E. Martinez, D. Heddens, D. L. Earnest, C. L. Bogert, D. Roe, J. Einspahr, J. R. Marshall, D. S. Alberts
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests a relationship between prostaglandin levels in colonic mucosa and risk of colon cancer. Physical inactivity and a higher body mass index (BMI; weight in kilograms divided by [height in meters] 2 ) have been consistently shown to increase risk of this cancer. We investigated whether higher levels of leisure-time physical activity or a lower BMI was associated with lower concentrations of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in rectal mucosa. METHODS: This study was conducted in 41 men and 22 women, 42-78 years of age, with a history of polyps, who participated in a randomized clinical trial testing the effects of piroxicam on rectal mucosal PGE 2 levels. An [ 125 I]PGE 2 radioimmunoassay kit was used to determine PGE 2 levels in samples of extracted rectal mucosa collected before randomization. Leisure-time physical activity was assessed through a self-administered questionnaire collected at baseline. The reported time spent at each activity per week was multiplied by its typical energy expenditure, expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs), to yield a MET-hours per week score. A repeated measures model was used to assess the effect of BMI and physical activity as predictors of PGE 2 concentration. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, a higher BMI was associated with higher PGE 2 levels ( P = .001). A higher level of leisure-time physical activity was inversely associated with PGE 2 concentration ( P <.03). An increase in BMI from 24.2 to 28.8 kg/m 2 was associated with a 27% increase in PGE 2 . An increase in activity level from 5.2 to 27.7 MET-hours per week was associated with a 28% decrease in PGE 2 . CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity and obesity may alter the risk of colon cancer through their effects on PGE 2 synthesis.
A randomized phase III trial comparing induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone as treatment of unresectable head and neck cancer
Authors: R. Hitt, J.J. Grau, A. López-Pousa, A. Berrocal, C. García-Girón, A. Irigoyen, J. Sastre, J. Martínez-Trufero, J.A. Brandariz Castelo, E. Verger, J.J. Cruz-Hernández, C. Almodóvar, H. Cortés-Funes, Y. Escobar, E. Fonseca-Sánchez, J.C. Galcerán, M. Guix, D. Isla-Casado, C. Jara-Sánchez, M.R. Leitão-Silva, J.R. Mel-Lorenzo, M. Pastor-Borgoñón, P. Pastor-Gaitán, A. Rodríguez-Jaráiz, J.M. Millán, J. Satrustegui-Galdona, M. Moreno, E. Estefanía, E. Santiago, J.J. García
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)