tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of fresh fruit consumption on lung function and wheeze in children
Authors: D. G. Cook, I. M. Carey, P. H. Whincup, O. Papacosta, S. Chirico, K. R. Bruckdorfer, M. Walker
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Fresh fruit consumption and vitamin C intake have been associated with improved lung function in adults. Whether this is due to enhancement of lung growth, to a reduction in lung function decline, or to protection against bronchospasm is unclear. METHODS: In a cross-sectional school based survey of 2650 children aged 8-11 from 10 towns in England and Wales the main outcome measure was forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) standardised for body size and sex. Exposure was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire to parents and by measurement of plasma levels of vitamin C in a subsample of 278 children. RESULTS: FEV1 was positively associated with frequency of fresh fruit consumption. After adjustment for possible confounding variables including social class and passive smoking, those who never ate any fresh fruit had an estimated FEV1 some 79 ml (4.3%) lower than those who ate these items more than once a day (95% CI 22 to 136 ml). The association between FEV1 and fruit consumption was stronger in subjects with wheeze than in non-wheezers (p = 0.020 for difference in trend), though wheeze itself was not related to fresh fruit consumption. Frequency of consumption of salads and of green vegetables were both associated with FEV1 but the relationships were weaker than for fresh fruit. Plasma vitamin C levels were unrelated to FEV1 (r = -0.01, p = 0.92) or to wheeze and were only weakly related to fresh fruit consumption (r = 0.13, p = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: Fresh fruit consumption appears to have a beneficial effect on lung function in children. Further work is needed to confirm whether the effect is restricted to subjects who wheeze and to identify the specific nutrient involved.
Short-term psychotherapy of personality disorders
Authors: A Winston, M Laikin, J Pollack, L W Samstag, L McCullough, J C Muran
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The efficacy of short-term psychotherapy has become an area of increasing interest. The primary objective of this study was to assess the results of two forms of short-term psychotherapy in patients with personality disorders.Eighty-one patients with personality disorders were randomly assigned to brief adaptive psychotherapy, short-term dynamic psychotherapy, or a waiting list for therapy. Outcome at termination of therapy for the treatment groups and at the end of the waiting period for the waiting list group was evaluated by means of ratings of target complaints and scores on the SCL-90 and the Social Adjustment Scale. In addition, for 38 of the treated patients, target complaints were reevaluated an average of 1.5 years after treatment ended.Patients in the two therapy conditions improved significantly on all measures in comparison with the patients on the waiting list. There was no significant difference between the results in the two therapy conditions. The waiting list period averaged approximately 15 weeks; treatment averaged 40 weeks. At follow-up, after an average of 1.5 years, target complaint ratings were not significantly different from those at the termination of therapy.These data indicate that brief adaptive psychotherapy and short-term dynamic psychotherapy are effective for patients with certain types of personality disorder and that the two therapy approaches do not differ in overall outcome.
Acute increase, stimulated by prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>, in glucose absorption via the sodium dependent glucose transporter-1 in rat intestine
Authors: B Scholtka, F Stümpel, K Jungermann
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND/AIMS Acute stimulation by cAMP of the sodium dependent glucose cotransporter SGLT1 has previously been shown. As prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) increases intracellular cAMP concentrations via its receptor subtypes EP2R and EP4R, it was investigated whether PGE 2 could enhance intestinal glucose absorption. METHODS The action of PGE 2 on carbohydrate absorption in the ex situ perfused rat small intestine and on 3- O -[ 14 C]methylglucose uptake in isolated villus tip enterocytes was determined. Expression of mRNA for the PGE 2 receptor subtypes 1–4 was assayed in enterocytes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS In the perfused small intestine, PGE 2 acutely increased absorption of glucose and galactose, but not fructose (which is not a substrate for SGLT1); in isolated enterocytes it stimulated 3- O -[ 14 C]methylglucose uptake. The 3- O -[ 14 C]methylglucose uptake could be inhibited by the cAMP antagonist RpcAMPS and the specific inhibitor of SGLT1, phlorizin. High levels of EP2R mRNA and EP4R mRNA were detected in villus tip enterocytes. CONCLUSION PGE 2 acutely increased glucose and galactose absorption by the small intestine via the SGLT1, with cAMP serving as the second messenger. PGE 2 acted directly on the enterocytes, as the stimulation was still observed in isolated enterocytes and RT-PCR detected mRNA for the cAMP-increasing PGE 2 receptors EP2R and EP4R.
Identification and characterization of new murine T cell receptor beta chain variable region (V beta) genes.
Authors: M C Louie, C A Nelson, D Y Loh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

By screening previously isolated genomic clones spanning the mouse TCR V beta locus with V beta-specific oligonucleotides, we have isolated one new functional V beta gene and six V beta pseudogenes. Because this method of identifying new genes does not depend on expression levels, we conclude that most, if not all, V beta genes in the mouse have been identified. The newly identified pseudogenes increase the frequency of mouse TCR V beta pseudogenes to 28%, a frequency similar to that estimated for mouse Ig VH pseudogenes (24). Three of the newly discovered pseudogenes are clustered in a region around another pseudogene (V beta 17b). The extensive DNA diversity, as reflected in both the nucleotide sequence and the RFLP, indicates that this genomic region is a possible hotspot of recombination. The new functional gene, V beta 19a, is expressed at very low levels, which explains why it has not been isolated earlier. V beta 19 shows expression patterns that correlate with the previously described Va beta and Vb beta haplotypes.
Evolution of Treatments for Peritoneal Metastases From Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sarah O'Dwyer, Vic J. Verwaal, Paul H. Sugarbaker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TO THE EDITOR: In the early 1980s, a surgical approach to the definitive management of peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer began to evolve. Two new surgical maneuvers were developed for peritonealmetastasesfromcolorectalcancertobetreatedwithcureas an outcome. Peritonectomy procedures were necessary in an attempt to resect all visible evidence of peritoneal dissemination. 1 In an effort to preserve the surgical complete response, intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin was used in the operating room with heat (hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy [HIPEC]) or in the early postoperative period. 2,3 The goal of this regional chemotherapy was the eradication of microscopic residual disease within the abdomen and pelvis. Optimal integration into the total care of the patient with colorectal or appendiceal cancer has become a necessary topic of discussion for the multidisciplinary team. The broad application of these treatments for colorectal peritoneal metastases has been generously supported by the oncology literature. A large multi-institutional collection of data, 4 a randomized controlled study, 2 a national database, 5 a systematic review, 6 and at least 50 singleinstitutional reports all showed benefit for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plusHIPECforthedefinitivemanagementofperitonealmetastasesfrom colorectal cancer. Data to support a curative approach to peritoneal metastases are greater than that for liver metastases. 7 In recognition of these data and to clarify the standard of care, national guidelines regarding the management of peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer have been formulated. The Netherlands, France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, Norway, Korea, and Italy have all clearly stated that selected patients should be treated at experienced centers. Inarecentattempttoinitiateauniformstandardofcarearoundthe
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: A Framework Analysis of Policy and Program Implementation in Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Kim E. Dickson, Nhan T. Tran, Julia L. Samuelson, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli, Peter Cherutich, Bruce Dick, Tim Farley, Caroline Ryan, Catherine A. Hankins
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Following confirmation of the effectiveness of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention, the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS issued recommendations in 2007. Less than 5 y later, priority countries are at different stages of program scale-up. This paper analyzes the progress towards the scale-up of VMMC programs. It analyzes the adoption of VMMC as an additional HIV prevention strategy and explores the factors may have expedited or hindered the adoption of policies and initial program implementation in priority countries to date.VMMCs performed in priority countries between 2008 and 2010 were recorded and used to classify countries into five adopter categories according to the Diffusion of Innovations framework. The main predictors of VMMC program adoption were determined and factors influencing subsequent scale-up explored. By the end of 2010, over 550,000 VMMCs had been performed, representing approximately 3% of the target coverage level in priority countries. The "early adopter" countries developed national VMMC policies and initiated VMMC program implementation soon after the release of the WHO recommendations. However, based on modeling using the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT), only Kenya appears to be on track towards achievement of the DMPPT-estimated 80% coverage goal by 2015, having already achieved 61.5% of the DMPPT target. None of the other countries appear to be on track to achieve their targets. Potential predicators of early adoption of male circumcision programs include having a VMMC focal person, establishing a national policy, having an operational strategy, and the establishment of a pilot program.Early adoption of VMMC policies did not necessarily result in rapid program scale-up. A key lesson is the importance of not only being ready to adopt a new intervention but also ensuring that factors critical to supporting and accelerating scale-up are incorporated into the program. The most successful program had country ownership and sustained leadership to translate research into a national policy and program. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Clinical Outcomes With Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor In The Repeat Treatment Of Acute Attacks Of Hereditary Angioedema In North-american Patients
Authors: B. Zuraw, T. Craig, R.F. Lockey, M. Park, J. Grant, D. Suez, L.B. Schwartz, M. Riedl, R.J. Levy, H.H. Li, L. Edara, J.A. Bernstein, J. Moy, J. Offenberger, A. Szema, A. Engler, S.M. Rehman, T.C. Marbury, O. Alpan, S.L. Bahna, A. Davis, G. Sussman, W.H. Yang, B. Ritchie, A. Relan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)

RATIONALE: To assess the safety and efficacy of rhC1INH in the repeat treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE). METHODS: HAE attacks were treated with a dose of 50 U/Kg with an option for an additional dose of 50 U/Kg. Time to beginning of relief was assessed by patients using a visual analogue scale. Safety evaluation was based on clinical laboratory results and adverse events. RESULTS: 62 patients were treated for 168 attacks (range 1 - 8 attacks/patient). 90% of the attacks were treated with a single dose of 50 U/Kg. Median times of beginning of relief of symptoms for the first five attacks were, 37 to 67 minutes. More than 90% of attacks responded within 4 hours following treatment with rhC1INH. There was no requirement for dose increase with successive treatments. Thirty-nine patients reported at least one Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE), with most events rated mild to moderate. All of the 7 severe TEAEs were considered to be unrelated to treatment with rhC1INH. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate continued efficacy following repeated treatments with rhC1INH in subsequent HAE attacks. There was no increase in adverse event reporting following repeated exposure to rhC1INH.
TRANCE–RANK, a New Signal Pathway Involved in Lymphocyte Development and T Cell Activation
Authors: E. Allison Green, Richard A. Flavell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Almost a decade ago, major advancements in our understanding of the cell–cell interactions that were critically involved in the regulation of the immune response were achieved when it was established that T cell activation not only required a signal through the T cell receptor but also a second
ON THE EFFECT OF COMPLETE ANEMIA OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN DOGS RESUSCITATED AFTER RELATIVE DEATH
Authors: George Crile, David H. Dolley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1908)

To determine the limits of recovery after a total anemia of the central nervous system, a series of thirty dogs was killed by chloroform and resuscitated after varying times from three to fourteen minutes. Under five minutes the recovery of function was rapid and strikingly free from the after effects which characterized longer periods. Of seven animals between the periods of five and six and one-half minutes, only one died apparently as a direct result of the anemia, but of twelve between the periods of seven minutes and eight and one-half minutes, only one, after seven and one-half minutes recovered. The remaining dogs all died. Further corroborative data are drawn from the previously published paper on the technique of resuscitation. Histological examination both of presumptive recoveries and fatal cases was made by ordinary methods and those of Nissl and Marchi. The neurocytes of the fatal cases uniformly presented the greatest change, not merely chromolytic but here and there definitely indicative of cell death. Marchi's method further supported these findings by proving the existence of fiber degeneration. Finally, showing the narrowness of the escape, the animal with best result in recovery, seven and one-half minutes in time, which at the end of four weeks had apparently entirely returned to a normal state, by the Marchi method had a degeneration of a number of fibers localized in the pyramidal fasciculi which were traced from the cord to the cortex, and in Flechsig's fasciculus, as well as a more sparsely scattered degeneration of both ascending and descending fibers elsewhere.
An Intravaginal Ring That Releases the NNRTI MIV-150 Reduces SHIV Transmission in Macaques
Authors: Rachel Singer, Paul Mawson, Nina Derby, Aixa Rodriguez, Larisa Kizima, Radhika Menon, Daniel Goldman, Jessica Kenney, Meropi Aravantinou, Samantha Seidor, Agegnehu Gettie, James Blanchard, Michael Piatak, Jeffrey D. Lifson, José A. Fernández-Romero, Melissa Robbiani, Thomas M. Zydowsky
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

An intravaginal ring loaded with the NNRTI MIV-150 prevents transmission of the HIV/SIV chimera SHIV-RT in macaques.
Peak Pressure During Volume History and Pressure–Volume Curve Measurement Affects Analysis
Authors: MUNEYUKI TAKEUCHI, KHALED A. SEDEEK, GUILHERME P. P. SCHETTINO, KLAUDIUSZ SUCHODOLSKI, ROBERT M. KACMAREK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

A previous volume history should be established prior to pressure– volume (P–V) curve measurement, however the effect of the volume history and the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) during the P–V measurement has not been explored. Lung injury was created by lavage in nine sheep (25–35 kg). After stabilization, four P–V curves were sequentially obtained with PIP of 40, 50, 60, and 40 cm H2O. Prior to each P–V measurement the PIP delivered for 1 min was the same as during P–V measurement. We compared the lower inflection point (Pflex), upper inflection point (UIP), compliance below Pflex (Cstart), compliance between Pflex and UIP (Cinf), and compliance between UIP and peak pressure (Cend) for the inflation limb, and the point of maximum curvature on the deflation limb (Pmc), compliance between peak pressure and Pmc (Ctop), and maximum compliance (Cdef) for the deflation limb. In two sheep, Pflex at PIP 40 cm H2O could not be identified but appeared when PIP was raised. Pflex, Cstart, Cend, and Ctop were not affected by the PIP. However, UIP, Pmc, Cinf, and Cdef increased as the PIP increased. Volume history and the PIP during P–V curve measurements affect both the inflation and deflation P–V curves.
Diallyl Trisulfide Inhibits Phorbol Ester–Induced Tumor Promotion, Activation of AP-1, and Expression of COX-2 in Mouse Skin by Blocking JNK and Akt Signaling
Authors: Sangeeta Shrotriya, Joydeb Kumar Kundu, Hye-Kyung Na, Young-Joon Surh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

An inverse relationship exists between the consumption of garlic and the risk of certain cancers. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide (DATS) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and tumor promotion in mouse skin and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Pretreatment of mouse skin with different garlic-derived allyl sulfides showed DATS to be the most potent in suppressing TPA-induced COX-2 expression. DATS significantly attenuated the DNA binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1), one of the transcription factors that regulate COX-2 expression, in TPA-stimulated mouse skin. DATS also diminished TPA-induced expression of c-Jun and c-Fos, the principal components of AP-1, and blunted the activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt. Pharmacologic inhibition of JNK or Akt by SP600125 or LY294002, respectively, resulted in diminished AP-1 DNA binding, reduced levels of c-Jun and c-Fos, and inhibition of COX-2 expression in TPA-treated mouse skin. The JNK or Akt kinase assay, taking c-Jun fusion protein as a substrate, revealed that TPA induced JNK- or Akt-mediated c-Jun phosphorylation in mouse skin, which was significantly attenuated by DATS or respective pharmacologic inhibitors. Evaluation of antitumor-promoting effect of DATS on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated and TPA-promoted mouse skin carcinogenesis showed that pretreatment with DATS significantly reduced the incidence and multiplicity of papillomas. Taken together, the inhibitory effects of DATS on TPA-induced AP-1 activation and COX-2 expression through modulation of JNK or Akt signaling may partly account for its antitumor-promoting effect on mouse skin carcinogenesis.
Oral gefitinib produces symptomatic and radiological benefit in advanced NSCLC
Authors: A K Banerjee
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Kris MG, Natale RB, Herbst RS, et al . Efficacy of gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA2003;290:2149–58 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is one of the new biological treatments for lung cancer. EGFR mediates cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and inhibits apoptosis. This was a multicentre trial of gefitinib in patients with symptomatic stage … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DKris%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%2BG.%26rft.volume%253D290%26rft.issue%253D16%26rft.spage%253D2149%26rft.epage%253D2158%26rft.atitle%253DEfficacy%2Bof%2BGefitinib%252C%2Ban%2BInhibitor%2Bof%2Bthe%2BEpidermal%2BGrowth%2BFactor%2BReceptor%2BTyrosine%2BKinase%252C%2Bin%2BSymptomatic%2BPatients%2BWith%2BNon-Small%2BCell%2BLung%2BCancer%253A%2BA%2BRandomized%2BTrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.290.16.2149%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14570950%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.290.16.2149&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=14570950&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F2%2F104.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000186036700024&link_type=ISI
PTPN22 is associated with susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis but not psoriasis: evidence for a further PsA-specific risk locus
Authors: John Bowes, Sabine Loehr, Ashley Budu-Aggrey, Steffen Uebe, Ian N Bruce, Marie Feletar, Helena Marzo-Ortega, Philip Helliwell, Anthony W Ryan, David Kane, Eleanor Korendowych, Gerd-Marie Alenius, Emiliano Giardina, Jonathan Packham, Ross McManus, Oliver FitzGerald, Matthew A Brown, Frank Behrens, Harald Burkhardt, Neil McHugh, Ulrike Huffmeier, Pauline Ho, Andre Reis, Anne Barton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis; it has a higher estimated genetic component than psoriasis alone, however most genetic susceptibility loci identified for PsA to date are also shared with psoriasis. Here we attempt to validate novel single nucleotide polymorphisms selected from our recent PsA Immunochip study and determine specificity to PsA. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected (P<sub>Immunochip</sub> &lt;1×10<sup>−4</sup>) for validation genotyping in 1177 cases and 2155 controls using TaqMan. Meta-analysis of Immunochip and validation data sets consisted of 3139 PsA cases and 11 078 controls. Novel PsA susceptibility loci were compared with data from two large psoriasis studies (WTCCC2 and Immunochip) to determine PsA specificity. <h3>Results</h3> We found genome-wide significant association to rs2476601, mapping to <i>PTPN22</i> (p=1.49×10<sup>−9</sup>, OR=1.32), but no evidence for association in the psoriasis cohort (p=0.34) and the effect estimates were significantly different between PsA and psoriasis (p=3.2×10<sup>−4</sup>). Additionally, we found genome-wide significant association to the previously reported psoriasis risk loci; <i>NOS2</i> (rs4795067, p=5.27×10<sup>−9</sup>). <h3>Conclusions</h3> For the first time, we report genome-wide significant association of <i>PTPN22</i> (rs2476601) to PsA susceptibility, but no evidence for association to psoriasis.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANTICOAGULANTS ON THE FORMATION AND REGRESSION OF EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Akira Horita, T. A. Loomis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

The prolonged administration of either heparin or dicoumerol has been demonstrated to be effective in retarding the formation of atheromata in the cholesterol-fed chick. This beneficial action is possibly produced as a result of a demonstrated antihypercholesteremic action exerted by these anticoagulants. Heparin is ineffective in preventing the marked turbidity of sera from cholesterol-fed chickens. After the formation of atherosclerosis in the chick neither heparin nor dicoumerol is effective in hastening the regression of this condition. The serum lipid picture as well as the degree of atheroma of the various groups in the regression experiments is unaffected by the anticoagulants.
A Modified Golgi's Method for the Study of the Human Brain
Authors: W. L. Andriezen
Journal: BMJ (1894)

M-RIRCAL JOURA 909 and other observers.By the differences in the character of their flagella Nicolle and Morax divide tlle spirillum of cholera and its allies into three types: Type I.A non-motile Indian spirillum from Koch's laboratory not having flagella.II.Motile spirilla having flagella.Type A. Having one flagellum at one end or two flagella one at each end.(Sources-Shanghai, Hamburg, Courbevoic, Seine water, and sp.Deneke.)Loeffler, Trenkmann, Neuhaus, and Straus had already noticed this.Type B