tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measurement of inflammation. I. Application of technetium clearance to rheumatoid arthritis and animal models.
Authors: H Berry, J P Browett, E C Huskisson, P A Bacon, D A Willoughby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

Radioactive isotope scanning has been used pictorially as a diagnostic aid in many diseases and has more recently been applied to measure clearance from the brain (McAlister, du Boulay, Houlder, and Cato, 1967).Technetium as sodium pertechnetate is a gamma emitter with a short half-life of 6 hours.McCarty, Polcyn, Collins, and Gottschalk, (1970) suggested that it was 90 per cent.bound to plasma protein.After intravenous injection, counts over a joint rise rapidly to a peak within 30 minutes.Dick, Neufeld, Prentice, Woodburn, Nuki, and Buchanan (1970) showed that the peak count over inflamed knees was greater than over normal knees, and the time taken to reach this peak was shorter.Small joints have also been studied by Collins, Deodhar, Nuki, Whaley, Buchanan, and Dick (1971) who showed that steroid therapy could reduce the peak count.In this study we have re-examined protein binding of Technetium (99mTc) and its passage into joint fluid and have explored the application of this method to those experimental models of inflammation in rats and rabbits that are in current use. Methods (1) BINDINGA. Electrophoresis This was carried out using the Shandon tank.B. Equilibrium dialysis Serum was incubated with 99mTc at different concentrations and dialysed against distilled water at 40 and 20°C.for 24 hours. C. Ion binding resinSerum was incubated at 37°C. with 99mTc and ion ex- change resin for 60 minutes, then centrifuged and the radioactivity of the supernatant was measured.This cycle was repeated many times.
The influence of childhood traffic‐related air pollution exposure on asthma, allergy and sensitization: a systematic review and a meta‐analysis of birth cohort studies
Authors: G. Bowatte, C. Lodge, A. J. Lowe, B. Erbas, J. Perret, M. J. Abramson, M. Matheson, S. C. Dharmage
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract The impact of early childhood traffic‐related air pollution ( TRAP ) exposure on development of asthma and allergies remains unclear. Birth cohort studies are the best available study design to answer this question, but the evidence from such studies has not been synthesized to date. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analyses of published birth cohort studies to understand the association between early childhood TRAP exposure, and subsequent asthma, allergies and sensitization. Increased longitudinal childhood exposure to PM 2.5 and black carbon was associated with increasing risk of subsequent asthma in childhood ( PM 2.5 : OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.30 per 2 μg/m 3 and black carbon: OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.38 per 1 × 10 −5 m −1 ). Also, early childhood exposure to TRAP was associated with development of asthma across childhood up to 12 years of age. The magnitude of these associations increased with age, and the pattern was prominent for PM 2.5 . Increasing exposure to PM 2.5 was associated with sensitization to both aero‐ and food allergens. There was some evidence that TRAP was associated with eczema and hay fever. In summary, exposure to TRAP was related to asthma and allergic diseases. However, the substantial variability across studies warrants long‐term birth cohort studies with regular repeated follow‐ups to confirm these findings.
Abstract 4566: Fusarochromanone inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell death in COS7 cells
Authors: Ying Gu, Shanxiang Jiang, Elahe Mahdavian, Shile Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Fusarochromanone (FC101) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium equiseti. Contamination of FC101 occurs frequently in grains and feedstuffs, which has been found to cause tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens and Kashin-Beck disease in children. However, little is known about the toxicity of FC101 in the kidney. In this study, we found that FC101 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in monkey kidney fibroblasts (COS7) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that FC101 inhibited cell proliferation by arresting cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle, which was associated with reduced expression of CDK4, cyclin D1, and Cdc25A, as well as decreased phosphorylation of Rb. FC101 induced cell death by downregulating expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and survivin, and upregulating expression of Bad, leading to increased cleavages of caspase 3 and PARP. Also, FC101 induced translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from the cytosol to the nucleus. Furthermore, FC101 activation of JNK cascade also contributed to cell death, as inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or expression of dominant negative c-Jun attenuated FC101-induced cell death. In addition, we observed that FC101-induced cell death linked to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, since addition of antioxidants (co-enzyme Q10 and N-acetyl-cysteine) attenuated the toxic effect of FC101 on the cells. Our findings suggest that FC101 may exert its toxicity in COS7 cells through oxidative stress. Citation Format: Ying Gu, Shanxiang Jiang, Elahe Mahdavian, Shile Huang. Fusarochromanone inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell death in COS7 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4566. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4566
ST-Segment Alternans in Prinzmetars Angina
Authors: ROGER R. WILLIAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Transient elevation of the ST segment in alternate beats of an ECG is reported in two patients during episodes of Prinzmetal angina. Coronary arteriography showed severe three-vessel disease and 90% narrowing of the main left coronary artery in one patient with ST-segment elevation in V1 to V4 but only 50% narrowing of the left circumflex in another patient with ST elevation in Lead I. Similar ST-segment alternans has been reported in dogs during coronary artery ligation. Failure of an ischemic area to depolarize on alternate beats or regional ischemia causing alternation of the amplitude of transmembrane action potentials are possible mechanisms.
Modulation of RNA Polymerase II Phosphorylation Downstream of Pathogen Perception Orchestrates Plant Immunity
Authors: Fangjun Li, Cheng Cheng, Fuhao Cui, Marcos V.V. de Oliveira, Xiao Yu, Xiangzong Meng, Aline C. Intorne, Kevin Babilonia, Maoying Li, Bo Li, Sixue Chen, Xianfeng Ma, Shunyuan Xiao, Yi Zheng, Zhangjun Fei, Richard P. Metz, Charles D. Johnson, Hisashi Koiwa, Wenxian Sun, Zhaohu Li, Gonçalo A. de Souza Filho, Libo Shan, Ping He
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
THE INFLUENCE OF SEPTIC INFECTION IN THE CAUSATION OF EYE DISEASE
Authors: B. T. Lang
Journal: BMJ (1913)

F lTwPNRItIH 38I , I93.-t imour anid in tlle cervical glanids.Teln months; after thle first op)eration lie was reported to be well, gaining in weight, aiid without loc%l or other recurrence.The following vear, however, there was further returni il the glanids, andI the patient lied from exhaustion.
24-hour isotonic sodium choloride was better than 7-hour sodium bicarbonate for preventing CIN
Authors: Ajay K. Singh, Jameela A. Kari
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Klima T, Christ A, Marana I, et al. Sodium chloride vs. sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2012;Jan 19 [Epub ahead of print]. 22267245
Medical Malpractice-Reply
Authors: E. G. Doherty, J. Liang, C. O. Haven
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Dr LoGerfo has two major objections to our article. First, he says that medical characteristics were not controlled methodologically when the effects of sociodemographic factors on litigation were examined. By voicing this objection, Dr LoGerfo has made the assumption that the relationships between the sociodemographic factors and the likelihood of the litigation may be spurious because of their mutual correlations with medical characteristics. We wish that Dr LoGerfo had cited his references, if any, in support of his statement concerning "preexisting knowledge about determinants of malpractice and the sociodemographic correlates of use of surgical procedures," so that we might have related them to our more refined statisticalanalysis reported here. Dr LoGerfo has suggested that we should have used a different sampling technique for selecting our control group of nonclaimants. However, our article should be viewed in its proper context; it simply represents a refinement of the earlier
Pulmonary Arterial Mycotic Pseudoaneurysms in a Patient with Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Successful Occlusion by Coils
Authors: Morgane Didier, Pierre Guedin, Fabrice Staub, Emilie Catherinot, Elisabeth Rivaud, Antoine Scherrer, Colas Tcherakian, Louis-Jean Couderc
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)
Pity the Reader
Authors: Philip R. Alper
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is a certain pleasure in watching two boxers slug it out (228:711, 1974; 231:579, 1975). If the spectator is lucky, a knockout will decisively clinch the outcome. But lacking a knockout, there can be endless discussion of points, which blows were indeed the most telling, and which way the fight ought to have gone. Perhaps this is sometimes for the best. It leaves more to talk about. Such seems to be the case in a recent verbal boxing match published inThe Journal: the debate between Conn and Engel on the state of psychoanalysis today. To at least this interested reader, both pieces, taken at face value by a nonspecialist, are replete with distortions, evasions, and technical fouls that vitiate their credibility. Moreover, the disputants appear to be arguing at cross-purposes, with ulterior motives that can only be guessed at from the text. Engel doesn't want
Benjamin Franklin: Physicus et Medicus
Authors: N. J. C. Andreasen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Perhaps the most familiar image we have of Franklin is that of young Ben sauntering down the cobbled streets of Philadelphia, carrying two puffy rolls purchased with his last shilling. Perhaps as familiar is Franklin the inventor and scientist, who designed the Franklin stove and proved that lightning consists of electricity. Or perhaps we might think of Franklin the writer, author of Poor Richard's moralistic epigrams and the charming bagatelles composed for the sophisticated coteries of France. And then there is Franklin the diplomat abroad, persuading the English Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act; and later Vergennes to give the American rebels financial support. Or Franklin the American statesman, announcing at the Continental Congress that "we must all hang together or assuredly we will all hang separately." Or Franklin the Philadelphia philanthropist, founder of the Junto, the first volunteer fire department, the first circulating library, and a voluntary militia for local self-defense against Indian attacks. Or even Franklin the lusty founding father, father and grandfather and greatgrandfather of illegitimate sons, proposing marriage to Madame Helvetius and courting Madame Brillon simultaneously when in his 70s.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Hans Klaus Kaiser, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The production of endogenous pyrogen by intact granulocytes obtained from acute peritoneal exudates is blocked by arsenite, iodoacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and N-ethylmaleimide in concentrations of 2 x 10(-4)M. When the concentration of these sulfhydryl-reactive enzyme inhibitors is increased to 2 x 10(-2)M, only the iodoacetate inactivates the pyrogen molecule, whereas the arsenite, the p-chloromercuribenzoate, and the N-ethylmaleimide have no gross effect upon its thermogenic activity. Both diisopropyl fluorophosphate and dinitrofluorobenzene are even more potent inactivators of the pyrogen molecule than iodoacetate, although the action of the DFP cannot be blocked or reversed by known antagonists such as 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide and hydroxylamine. Proteolytic enzymes, potentially capable of degrading leucocytic pyrogen, are released from polymorphonuclear leucocytes, along with the pyrogen, when the cells are incubated in normal salt solution. These enzymes are readily activated by a sufficient concentration of glutathione (2 x 10(-2)M). They are not present in preparations of partially purified leucocytic pyrogen from which much of the non-pyrogenic protein has been removed. Glutathione by itself, even at concentrations as high as 2 x 10(-1)M, does not affect in the gross the thermogenic activity of the purified pyrogen. The implications of these findings in relation to both the production and the chemical characteristics of leucocytic pyrogen are discussed.
Social anxiety disorder has social and economic burden
Authors: A. E Nardi
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Child psychiatric disorder and relative age in school year Holding back may cause more harm than goodEditor-If the increased psychiatric stress in the comparatively younger students in the study by Goodman et al is the result of inappropriate teacher expectations, holding back students may have no net benefit. 1 The held back student becomes one of the older students, raising expectations and increasing stress for those younger.Some held back students will be resentful and increase stress on everyone.American schools have a conflict of interest.Holding a child back increases the number of years that the child spends in a particular school.This increases the total government funding that school receives.I have witnessed students denied early graduation for just this reason.Held back students are injured in at least one way.They are stuck in an extremely lengthy educational process for one more year, having been denied one extra year of occupational income and freedom from schooling.Numerous American studies have found no psychological harm from grade acceleration of the academically capable.Accelerating the most gifted may accomplish the same goals that Goodman et al desire with greater benefit.There is no research showing that holding back on psychiatric grounds helps any student, let alone which students.There is a politically correct hostility against streaming students and against grade acceleration.We need to find ways to shorten the time college bound students spend in school, not lengthen it.Obviously, my 13 year old daughter is more immature than others in her college classes, but that doesn't mean she would have benefited from being held back.
The Future of the Department of Veterans Affairs-Reply
Authors: Elliott S. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Although many options can be invented for the future of the VA, we chose to focus on four. They were not intended to be either comprehensive or exclusive. Furthermore, they were framed using a relatively constrained perspective: the choices that an individual VA medical center might face. Dr Moskowitz has invented another possible future, one that markedly expands the perspective by involving all federal health programs. The reform that he proposes is huge. By including Medicare and Medicaid, it is a reform of similar magnitude to President Clinton's health care plan. And in the current climate it would likely face similar political obstacles. A major barrier to any reform is the uncertainty about the outcome. When proposing a reform of this order of magnitude, there is immediately a large constituency that shares the legitimate concern that the changes might be harmful. To overcome this barrier, we advocated inventing
Abstract 1813: Evaluation of TBK1 as a novel cancer target in the K-Ras pathway
Authors: Bhava Vangamudi, Aimee E. Ayres, Jason P. Burke, Alex G. Waterson, Olivia W. Rossanese, Stephen W. Fesik
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase best known for its role in mediating the innate immune response through modulation of the interferon and NF-kB pathways. TBK1 has also been implicated in supporting cancer cell survival and transformation as the downstream effector of the small GTPase RalB, and is overexpressed in lung, breast and colon tumors. Recently, a high-throughput RNAi screen identified TBK1 as a synthetic lethal partner of oncogenic K-Ras, suggesting that small molecule inhibition of TBK1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for K-Ras mutant tumors. Given the high tractability of kinases as drug targets, we sought to confirm that kinase inhibition recapitulated the synthetic lethal effects observed with shRNA silencing. We examined two small molecule inhibitors of TBK1, BX795 (6 nM) and GSK2292978A (4 nM), in a panel of lung, pancreas and colon cancer cell lines. We found only a small subset of lines that were sensitive to TBK1 inhibition and this sensitivity did not correlate with K-Ras dependence. We then used K-Ras and TBK1 siRNA in a similar panel of cell lines. As anticipated, knockdown of K-Ras using siRNA produced significant growth and signaling defects in K-Ras dependent cell lines. In contrast, knockdown of TBK1 did not result in a significant alteration of growth in any of our cell lines. Neither TBK1 siRNA nor TBK1 inhibitors revealed a sensitivity that correlated with K-Ras dependence in our lung, pancreatic, or colorectal cancer cell lines. Our data disputes the proposed synthetic lethal relationship of oncogenic K-Ras and TBK1 and does not support development of TBK1 inhibitors for treatment of K-Ras driven tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1813. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1813
Complications of implantable venous access devices in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Nirmish Shah, Daniel Landi, Radhika Shah, Jennifer Rothman, Laura M. De Castro, Courtney D. Thornburg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Implantable venous access devices (VADs) are used in sickle cell disease (SCD) for patients with poor venous access to facilitate chronic blood transfusions and manage acute complications. We attempted to define the frequency of bloodstream infections (BSI) and thrombosis in adults and children with SCD and VADs. We performed a single-institution, retrospective review of VAD-associated infection and thrombosis in patients with SCD. Thirty-two patients (median age 20 years, range, 1-59) had 86 VADs placed (median, 2.7 VADs per patient, range, 1-7) with a total of 41,292 catheter days (median, 1,376 days; range, 323-3,999). Mean catheter lifespan in adults (691 days ± 123) was not significantly higher than children (614 days ± 154). A total of 66 VAD-associated BSI (1.59 infections per 1,000 catheter days) occurred in 17 of 32 (53%) patients. Children with VADs had fewer BSI (3 of 10; 30%) than adults (14 of 22; 64%, P = 0.08). 24 catheter-associated thromboses (0.49 thromboses per 1,000 catheter days) occurred in 10 of 32 (41%) of patients. Children also had fewer VAD-associated-thrombosis (1 of 10; 10%) than adults (9 of 22; 40%, P = 0.08). In conclusion, the use of VADs in SCD was linked to a significant rate of infection and thrombosis.
Real-time Imaging of Lymphogenic Metastasis in Orthotopic Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Maya Dadiani, Vyacheslav Kalchenko, Ady Yosepovich, Raanan Margalit, Yaron Hassid, Hadassa Degani, Dalia Seger
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes is one of the earliest events of tumor cell dissemination and presents a most significant prognostic factor for predicting survival of cancer patients. Real-time in vivo imaging of the spread of tumor cells through the lymphatic system can enhance our understanding of the metastatic process. Herein, we describe the use of in vivo fluorescence microscopy imaging to monitor the progression of lymph node metastasis as well as the course of spontaneous metastasis through the lymphatic system of orthotopic MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice. High-resolution noninvasive visualization of metastasizing cancer cells in the inguinal lymph nodes was achieved using cells expressing high levels of red fluorescent protein. Sequential imaging of these lymph nodes revealed the initial invasion of the tumor cells through the lymphatic system into the subcapsular sinuses followed by intrusion into the parenchyma of the nodes. FITC-dextran injected i.d. in the tumor area enabled simultaneous tracking of lymphatic vessels, labeled in green, and disseminated red cancer cells within these vessels. Fast snapshots of spontaneously metastasizing cells in the lymphatic vessels monitored the movement of a few tumor cells and the development of clumps clustered at lymphatic vessel junctions. Quantification of high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in the tumors and fast drainage rates of the FITC-dextran into the peritumoral lymphatic vessels suggested an IFP-induced intravasation into the lymphatic system. This work presents unprecedented live fluorescence images that may help to clarify the steps occurring in the course of spontaneous lymphogenic metastasis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 8037-41)
Vasopeptidase inhibition with omapatrilat in chronic heart failure: acute and long-term hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects
Authors: Dougal R McClean, Hamid Ikram, Sukh Mehta, J.Thomas Heywood, Michel F Rousseau, Alan L Niederman, Rafael F Sequeira, Eckart Fleck, Steven N Singh, Benoit Coutu, Peter Hanrath, Michel Komajda, Catherine C Bryson, Chunlin Qian, James J Hanyok
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Single LDL Apheresis Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Hypercholesterolemic Humans
Authors: Osamu Tamai, Hidehiro Matsuoka, Hiroyuki Itabe, Yoshifumi Wada, Keisuke Kohno, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Although long-term lipid-lowering therapy improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in humans, it remains unknown whether the short-term removal of LDL per se ameliorates endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Results To examine the effects of a single session of LDL apheresis on endothelial function in patients with hypercholesterolemia, we measured forearm blood flow (FBF) by strain-gauge plethysmography before and after single LDL apheresis while infusing acetylcholine (ACh; 4 to 24 μg/min) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.2 to 1.2 μg/min). The single session of LDL apheresis reduced total LDL (from 142.2±15.0 to 32.6±5.0 mg/mL, P &lt;.0005) and oxidized LDL (from 111.6±22.8 to 30.0±5.4 ng/mL, P &lt;.005). Although ACh and SNP increased FBF dose-dependently before and after LDL apheresis, the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation responses to ACh were significantly augmented ( P &lt;.01) after the single session of LDL apheresis without changes in the endothelium-independent vasodilatation responses to SNP. The plasma levels of total and oxidized LDL correlated with the degree of ACh-induced vasodilatation. Furthermore, the local production of nitrate/nitrite, metabolites of NO, during ACh infusion was significantly ( P &lt;.05) augmented by LDL apheresis, and there was a significant correlation between the degree of ACh-induced vasodilatation and the production in nitrate/nitrite ( r =.99, P &lt;.0005). Conclusions We demonstrated that even a single session of LDL apheresis with the reduction of total LDL and oxidized LDL improved endothelial function. Our results suggest that total LDL and/or oxidized LDL may directly impair endothelial function in the human forearm vessel.