tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Currents in American Medicine: A Developmental View of Medical Care and Education
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Among the many new books on what is wrong with American medicine, this small one is very good. This well-organized broad overview of a very complicated matter by one author is a better approach than the more fragmented, multi-author reports from the symposia, of which there are so many. The opening three sections, of about 30 pages each, are brief and necessarily oversimplified histories of some main trends in medical education, research, and services since 1900. It is an anecdotal and personal political history, by an amateur historian, but with exaggerated concern for fair play and gentleness. The result is still interesting and particularly suitable for the initiate, our wives, and nonmedical friends. The final two sections are better yet. The author defines and discusses some actual crucial issues in medicine, showing analytic skills which may have given an academic flavor to his administration of the Office of Economic Opportunity.
At-home short daily hemodialysis improves the long-term health-related quality of life
Authors: Fredric O. Finkelstein, Brigitte Schiller, Rachid Daoui, Todd W. Gehr, Michael A. Kraus, Janice Lea, Yoojin Lee, Brent W. Miller, Marvin Sinsakul, Bertrand L. Jaber
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Leukaemia and smoking habits among United States veterans.
Authors: L. J. Kinlen, E. Rogot
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The relation between leukaemia and smoking habits was examined in data from the veterans9 smoking study, a prospective study of mortality among 248,000 United States veterans, of whom 723 died of leukaemia during 1954-69. A significant increase in mortality from leukaemia among cigarette smokers (relative risk 1.53) was found, together with a dose-response relation with amount smoked (trend p less than 0.001). The relation was strongest (relative risk 1.72) for monocytic and chronic and unspecified myeloid leukaemias (ICD (7th revision) codes 204.1 and 204.2). For these leukaemias the increase was almost twofold (relative risk 1.93) among current smokers of over 20 cigarettes daily. Ex-cigarette smokers also showed an increase of leukaemia (relative risk 1.39; p less than 0.001). These findings are consistent with other studies and relevant to the interpretation of minor increases of leukaemia both in population and in individual based studies. If causal they also imply that smoking is responsible for many more deaths from leukaemia in adults than all other known causes combined.
Primary Erythrocytosis of Childhood
Authors: William B. Scharfman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

An 8-year-old child had an increased red blood cell mass but did not have splenomegaly, leukocytosis, or thrombocytosis. This disorder is designated primary erythrocytosis of childhood. This form of benign polycythemia may have additional implications in adults. A similar polycythemic state in adult life may have its inception in childhood. Blood studies of family members were performed, and marrow chromosome studies were obtained from the patient and his father. These studies showed a high degree of polyploidy in both, and suggest further similar studies be performed in patients with this disorder.
De Novo Gene Disruptions in Children on the Autistic Spectrum
Authors: Ivan Iossifov, Michael Ronemus, Dan Levy, Zihua Wang, Inessa Hakker, Julie Rosenbaum, Boris Yamrom, Yoon-ha Lee, Giuseppe Narzisi, Anthony Leotta, Jude Kendall, Ewa Grabowska, Beicong Ma, Steven Marks, Linda Rodgers, Asya Stepansky, Jennifer Troge, Peter Andrews, Mitchell Bekritsky, Kith Pradhan, Elena Ghiban, Melissa Kramer, Jennifer Parla, Ryan Demeter, Lucinda L. Fulton, Robert S. Fulton, Vincent J. Magrini, Kenny Ye, Jennifer C. Darnell, Robert B. Darnell, Elaine R. Mardis, Richard K. Wilson, Michael C. Schatz, W. Richard McCombie, Michael Wigler
Journal: Neuron (2012)
ECG T-Wave Patterns in Genetically Distinct Forms of the Hereditary Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Arthur J. Moss, Wojciech Zareba, Jesaia Benhorin, Emanuela H. Locati, W. Jackson Hall, Jennifer L. Robinson, Peter J. Schwartz, Jeffrey A. Towbin, G. Michael Vincent, Michael H. Lehmann, Mark T. Keating, Jean W. MacCluer, Katherine W. Timothy
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The long QT syndrome is an inherited disorder with prolonged ventricular repolarization and a propensity to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden arrhythmic death. Recent linkage studies have demonstrated three separate loci for this disorder on chromosomes 3, 7, and 11, and specific mutated genes for long QT syndrome have been identified on two of these chromosomes. We investigated ECG T-wave patterns (phenotypes) in members of families linked to three genetically distinct forms of the long QT syndrome.Five quantitative ECG repolarization parameters, ie, four Bazett-corrected time intervals (QTonset-c, QTpeak-c, QTc, and Tduration-c, in milliseconds) and the absolute height of the T wave (Tamplitude, in millivolts), were measured in 153 members of six families with long QT syndrome linked to markers on chromosomes 3 (n = 47), 7 (n = 30), and 11 (n = 76). Genotypic data were used to define each family member as being affected or unaffected with long QT syndrome. Affected members of all six families had longer QT intervals (QTonset-c, QTpeak-c, or QTc) than unaffected family members (P < .01). Each of the three long QT syndrome genotypes was associated with somewhat distinctive ECG repolarization features. Among affected individuals, the QTonset-c was unusually prolonged in those individuals with mutations involving the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A on chromosome 3 (lead II QTonset-c [mean +/- SD]: chromosome 3, 341 +/- 42 ms; chromosome 7, 290 +/- 56 ms; chromosome 11, 243 +/- 73 ms; P < .001); Tamplitude was generally quite small in the chromosome 7 genotype (lead II Tamplitude, mV: chromosome 3, 0.36 +/- 0.14; chromosome 7, 0.13 +/- 0.07; chromosome 11, 0.37 +/- 0.17; P < .001); and Tduration was particularly long in the chromosome 11 genotype (lead II Tduration-c: chromosome 3, 187 +/- 33 ms; chromosome 7, 191 +/- 51 ms; chromosome 11, 262 +/- 65 ms; P < .001). Similar ECG findings were observed in leads aVF and V5. A considerable variability exists in the quantitative repolarization parameters associated with each genotype, with overlap in the T-wave patterns among the three genotypes.Three separate genetic loci for the long QT syndrome including mutations in two cardiac ionic channel genes were associated with different phenotypic T-wave patterns on the ECG. This study provides insight into the influence of genetic factors on ECG manifestations of ventricular repolarization.
Captopril and Renal Autoregulation
Authors: William B. Blythe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Renal autoregulation of blood flow and glomerular filtration tends to be regarded by both the busy clinician and the struggling student as one of those arcane phenomena that must be important in the grand scheme of biology but whose relevance to clinical medicine is difficult to see. The reports by Curtis1 and Hricik and their co-workers2 in this issue of the Journal move our experience with renal autoregulation from the experimental laboratory to the clinic and in so doing provide additional insights into its mechanism.When mean arterial pressure is varied over a wide range, renal blood flow and the . . .
If at first you don't succeed… sue
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In times past if you failed an exam at medical school you had a “long dark tea time of the soul.” You asked yourself why you spent all that time in the college bar, the snooker hall, or in classical civilisation lectures. You vowed not to leave it all to the last minute for the repeats. But these days—in the United States at least—if you don't succeed you can always sue.

Firstly, you and your lawyers can look at the validity of the exam. If you pass the exam does that mean that that you're ready to work as a doctor? If …
THE USE OF VAGINAL TAMPONS.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-Second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May 5, 1891.
Authors: WILLIAM A. B. SELLMAN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

I am extremely doubtful whether I have selected a proper title for the paper which I have the honor of presenting to this section. The placing of cotton or materials of similar nature in the vagina is termed tamponade, where a small amount is placed in the canal for purposes other than hæmostatic. Tampon signifies the complete packing of the vagina to stop or avoid uterine hæmorrhage. I use the word tampon in its broadest sense to denote placing of cotton, jute, etc., in small or large quantities, either for hæmostatic purposes or as a means of placing drugs against the cervix uteri, or as a preventive to the escape of liquids we have applied within the uterus to prevent them passing down and irritating the external genitals. Most gynecologists, when they treat their patients in the office, apply a pledget of cotton against the cervix to prevent the irritating
Serum Lipids and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Philip H. Frost, Barry R. Davis, Alfredo J. Burlando, J. David Curb, Gordon P. Guthrie, Jonathan L. Isaacsohn, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Alan C. Wilson, Jeremiah Stamler
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The association of serum lipids with coronary heart disease has been studied extensively in middle-aged men and, to a lesser extent, in similar women. Less well defined are lipid variables predictive of CHD in individuals of age ≥60 years. Methods and Results The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program recruited 4736 persons (mean age, 72 years; 14% were black; and 43% were men). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 170 and 77 mm Hg, respectively. Baseline mean total cholesterol was 6.11 mmol/L (236 mg/dL); HDL cholesterol, 1.39 mmol/L (54 mg/dL); and non-HDL cholesterol, 4.72 mmol/L (182 mg/dL). Triglyceride levels were 1.62 mmol/L (144 mg/dL) for fasting participants and 1.78 mmol/L for the total group. LDL cholesterol, estimated in fasting samples with triglycerides of &lt;4.52 mmol/L, averaged 3.98 mmol/L (154 mg/dL). Mean follow-up was 4.5 years. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, baseline total, non-HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels and the ratios of total, non-HDL, and LDL to HDL cholesterol were significantly related to CHD incidence. HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were not significant in these analyses. In fasting participants with triglyceride levels of &lt;4.52 mmol/L, a 1.03 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) higher baseline total, non-HDL, or LDL cholesterol was associated with a 30% to 35% higher CHD event rate. Conclusions The results of this study support the concept that serum lipids are CHD risk factors in older Americans.
Points from Letters: Why Doesn't it Work?
Authors: A. B. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The entrant's share is low while he absorbs the intricacies of an established practice, theoretically leaning heavily for advice, etc., on his senior.How often does this work out ?Is the long and slow climb to parity necessary ?The prolonged discrepancies between share and work load all too commonly cause bad feeling and bitterness.Finally, is it not sad that any young man, proud of his heritage, product of a Scottish medical school, deems it necessary to leave his parents, friends, and familiar way of life and travel thousands of miles in the hope of making things better for himself and his family to a country of which, apart from the little he has learned from letters and journals, he knows nothing at all ?-I am, etc.,
Endoscopic Clipping of a Nonhealing Gastrocutaneous Fistula Following Gastrostomy Removal
Authors: P. Thurairajah, A. B. Hawthorne
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

A 67-year-old lady with anorexia had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube for long-term feeding. She also suffered from psoriasis. After 5 years the PEG was removed, but a month later she presented at the hospital with a productive cough and symptoms of air and fluid leakage from the old PEG site on coughing.
Identification of type I and type II interferon-induced effectors controlling hepatitis C virus replication
Authors: Philippe Metz, Eva Dazert, Alessia Ruggieri, Johanna Mazur, Lars Kaderali, Artur Kaul, Ulf Zeuge, Marc P. Windisch, Martin Trippler, Volker Lohmann, Marco Binder, Michael Frese, Ralf Bartenschlager
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. All current therapies of hepatitis C include interferon-alpha (IFN-α). Moreover, IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), the only type II IFN, strongly inhibits HCV replication in vitro and is the primary mediator of HCV-specific antiviral T-cell responses. However, for both cytokines the precise set of effector protein(s) responsible for replication inhibition is not known. The aim of this study was the identification of IFN-α and IFN-γ stimulated genes (ISGs) responsible for controlling HCV replication. We devised an RNA interference (RNAi)-based “gain of function” screen and identified, in addition to known ISGs earlier reported to suppress HCV replication, several new ones with proven antiviral activity. These include IFIT3 (IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3), TRIM14 (tripartite motif containing 14), PLSCR1 (phospholipid scramblase 1), and NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible). All ISGs identified in this study were up-regulated both by IFN-α and IFN-γ, demonstrating a substantial overlap of HCV-specific effectors induced by either cytokine. Nevertheless, some ISGs were more specific for IFN-α or IFN-γ, which was most pronounced in case of PLSCR1 and NOS2 that were identified as main effectors of IFN-γ-mediated anti-HCV activity. Combinatorial knockdowns of ISGs suggest additive or synergistic effects demonstrating that with either IFN, inhibition of HCV replication is caused by the combined action of multiple ISGs. Conclusion: Our study identifies a number of novel ISGs contributing to the suppression of HCV replication by type I and type II IFN. We demonstrate a substantial overlap of antiviral programs triggered by either cytokine and show that suppression of HCV replication is mediated by the concerted action of multiple effectors. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:2082–2093)
Evidence of an association between bullous pemphigoid and psoriasis
Authors: C.E.H. GRATTAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

The medical records of 62 consecutive patients with bullous pemphigoid and 62 case-matched leg ulcer controls were examined to determine whether psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid are associated. Psoriasis occurred in seven of the pemphigoid patients (11%) but in none of the controls. The prevalence of psoriasis in the pemphigoid sample was significantly higher than expected (P less than 0.01, Poisson distribution). This difference, together with the clinical course, suggests that there may be an association between pemphigoid and psoriasis.
Down-regulation of the RUNX1-target gene NR4A3 contributes to hematopoiesis deregulation in familial platelet disorder/acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Dominique Bluteau, Laure Gilles, Morgane Hilpert, Iléana Antony-Debré, Chloe James, Najet Debili, Valerie Camara-Clayette, Orianne Wagner-Ballon, Veronique Cordette-Lagarde, Thomas Robert, Hugues Ripoche, Patrick Gonin, Sabina Swierczek, Josef Prchal, William Vainchenker, Remi Favier, Hana Raslova
Journal: Blood (2011)
STUDIES ON BACILLUS WELCHII WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GAS GANGRENE
Authors: J. P. Simonds
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. Spores of the Bacillus welchii group of bacteria were found on 100 per cent of the uniforms of Belgian soldiers who had come directly from the trenches, and in the meshes of all the samples examined of the new cloth from which the uniforms were made. 2. In fifteen out of twenty fresh war wounds members of this group of bacteria were found. Of the fifteen patients, only three later developed gas gangrene. Once the spores of Bacillus welchii have been carried into a wound the deep-lying lacerated muscle tissue appears to be the most important factor in the onset of gas gangrene. 3. Bacillus welchii is able to grow and produce gas in broth containing up to 40 per cent saccharose. Some strains were able to multiply and produce gas in 50 per cent saccharose broth; but none of those examined were able to grow when the concentration of the sugar reached 60 per cent. 4. The bubbling of pure oxygen through milk or dextrose broth cultures of Bacillus welchii has a definite depressor action on the production of gas. This does not appear to be-due to a reduced number of organisms in the culture.
Functions of Normal and Malignant Prostatic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Cancer Progression and Novel Targeting Therapies
Authors: Murielle Mimeault, Parmender P. Mehta, Ralph Hauke, Surinder K. Batra
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

This review summarizes the recent advancements that have improved our understanding of the functions of prostatic stem/progenitor cells in maintaining homeostasis of the prostate gland. We also describe the oncogenic events that may contribute to their malignant transformation into prostatic cancer stem/progenitor cells during cancer initiation and progression to metastatic disease stages. The molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the intrinsic or the acquisition of a resistant phenotype by the prostatic cancer stem/progenitor cells and their differentiated progenies with a luminal phenotype to the current therapies and disease relapse are also reviewed. The emphasis is on the critical functions of distinct tumorigenic signaling cascades induced through the epidermal growth factor system, hedgehog, Wnt/beta-catenin, and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor-4 pathways as well as the deregulated apoptotic signaling elements and ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporter. Of particular therapeutic interest, we also discuss the potential beneficial effects associated with the targeting of these signaling elements to overcome the resistance to current treatments and prostate cancer recurrence. The combined targeted strategies toward distinct oncogenic signaling cascades in prostatic cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies as well as their local microenvironment, which could improve the efficacy of current clinical chemotherapeutic treatments against incurable, androgen-independent, and metastatic prostate cancers, are also described.
Glucocorticoid-induced surface expression of annexin 1 blocks β2-integrin adhesion of human eosinophils to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 surrogate protein
Authors: Jie Liu, Xiangdong Zhu, Saori Myo, Anissa T. Lambertino, Chang Xu, Evan Boetticher, Nilda M. Muñoz, Masaaki Sano, Martha Cordoba, Jonathan Learoyd
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Case of Traumatic Aneurysm of the Facial Artery: Successfully Treated by Pressure upon the Facial Artery with Hare-Lip Pins
Authors: T. Sympson
Journal: BMJ (1882)

ailments, or functional disorders; and, if we could have recognised their meaning, we should have been able to foretel what would happen, and by changing the habits of life or the environment of the patient,
Spina bifida and anencephaly: are miscarriages a possible cause?
Authors: K M Laurence, C J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The marriage-to-conception interval in 151 pregnancies producing infants with anencephaly or spina bifida was not significantly different from that in 218 pregnancies resulting in normal infants. Significantly more miscarriages occurred before than after the birth of 285 infants with anencephaly or spina bifida, but in 133 controls no before-after difference was observed. These observations seem to favour the idea that miscarriages are a manifestation rather than a cause of anencephaly and spina bifida.
Abstract 3795: STAT-3: A Novel Target of Diindolylmethane in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Prabodh K. Kandala, Sanjay K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Signal transducers and activation of transcription (STATs) are the important for growth and development. However defects in STAT's may lead to malignant transformation. STAT-3 is an oncogene which is over expressed in several cancers including ovarian cancer. We have previously demonstrated that Diindolylmethane (DIM), an active metabolite of Indole-3-Carbinol present in cruciferous vegetables, is effective in suppressing the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells, however, the mechanism through which DIM reduces the growth of cancer cells was not clear. We hypothesized that DIM inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting STAT-3 activation. Our present studies demonstrate that DIM treatment inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT-3 at Tyr-705 and Ser-727 in a concentration-dependent manner in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. Interestingly, DIM treatment also reduced the constitutive protein expression of STAT-3 in both the cell lines. In a time dependent study, we observed that STAT-3 inhibition was as early as 1h after DIM treatment. Next, we wanted to see whether DIM can block IL-6 mediated activation of STAT-3. Treatment of SKOV-3 or OVCAR-3 cells with 5ng/ml IL-6 for 15min increase the activation of STAT-3 by phosphorylation at Tyr705 by almost twenty fold. Our results reveal that DIM treatment almost completely blocked IL-6 induced phosphorylation of STAT-3 at Tyr705 in both SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells and completely in TOV-21G cells. STAT-3 after activation translocate to nucleus, bind to DNA and is involved in the transcription of responsive genes such as Mcl-1, survivin and Bcl-2. Our results demonstrate that DIM inhibits the DNA binding activity of STAT-3 resulting in the reduced expression of Mcl-1, survivin and Bcl-2. Overexpression of STAT-3 by gene transfection abrogates the cell growth inhibitory effects of DIM. Taken together, our cellular results establish STAT-3 as a therapeutic target of DIM in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, our just completed in vivo studies indicate that oral administration of 2mg DIM per day for 6 weeks significantly suppressed the growth of SKOV-3 tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. Whether SKOV-3 ovarian tumor growth suppression is through inhibition of STAT-3 in vivo is currently under investigation. [Supported in part by RO1 CA 106953 and CA 129038 awarded to S.K.S by NIH] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3795.