tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microbiology Laboratories; Nosocomial Infections; Antibiotics
Authors: Mary Jo Carter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

III. Comments1 November 1978Microbiology Laboratories; Nosocomial Infections; AntibioticsMary Jo Carter, M.D.Mary Jo Carter, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-862_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe area between research advances and their utilization in clinical microbiology laboratories needs special thought. Antibody titers, serogrouping, and antibody-coated bacteria are data most helpful in identifying the presence of pyelonephritis and patients with chronic infection. The "big four" infections of the newborn (syphilis, rubella, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus) are readily identified by the specific IgM antibody of the infant's cord blood. Two or perhaps three of these infections are treatable, yet few laboratories provide this service in time for therapy. Rapid diagnostic methods are now available in virology and bacteriology. Fungal sensitivity tests, and serum levels of antifungal agents would... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Georgia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1978Volume 89, Issue 5_Part_2Page: 862-863KeywordsClinical microbiologyCytomegalovirus infectionInfantsMicrobiologyNosocomial infectionsPyelonephritisRubellaSyphilisToxoplasmosisVirology Issue Published: 1 November 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Contemporary Conversion Reactions
Authors: Frederick J. Ziegler
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Conversion reactions—somatic symptoms of presumed psychological origin— continue to pose diagnostic problems in all areas of medicine. The authors formulate conversion reactions as unconsciously simulated illnesses (or enactments of learned "sick roles") which serve to camouflage emotional disorders. Diagnosis of conversion reaction may be made only when physiological abnormality is ruled out or found to be inadequate to explain the symptoms, and when there is concurrent evidence of incipient emotional problems. Psychiatric collaboration in the diagnostic work-up is, then, highly desirable. Certain empirical and thematic psychological tests may provide further presumptive evidence for diagnosis. Although histrionic, repressive, and immature personality traits may tend to correlate with conversion reactions, they have not been found to be consistently associated and are, therefore, unreliable criteria for diagnosis.
The myth of phenelzine acetylation.
Authors: E F Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1976)

of ours who is in long-term remission after chemotherapy of acute myeloblastic leukaemia in childhood.He is now married and has two normal children.In September 1963, when aged 9 years, he was found to have acute myeloblastic leukaemia, was treated with prednisone and 6-mercaptopurine, and went into remission.He relapsed in January 1965 and was then treated with prednisone and methotrexate, achieving a further but short remission and relapsing in July 1965.This second relapse was treated with prednisolone and cyclo- phosphamide and was followed by complete clinical and haematological remission which has been maintained ever since.Treatment was stopped at the end of 1967.The patient married in 1972 and has a daughter aged 4 and a son aged 2 years, both clinically well.He was last seen (with his family) in June 1976 and found to be in continued haematological remission.Between her two normal pregnancies his wife had a miscarriage, but nothing is known about the condition of the fetus.
EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Authors: Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

In this paper we have described the first part of an experimental study of the epidemiology of mouse typhoid. One set of data has been presented on the basis of which little or no analysis has been attempted. The immediate object has been rather to collect materials than to undertake to account for the phenomena encountered. It is obvious that the factors involved in the inquiry are intricate, but it is believed that they are not necessarily or all beyond disentanglement. About 500 mice in all have been studied in an experimental village, brought together in increments among a population in which mouse typhoid experimentally induced was prevailing. The results have been presented according to two phenomena; namely, mortality or death rate, and bacillus carriage rate. The material does not lend itself to consideration according to morbidity rates. If it were established that every instance of attack, when not fatal, was attended by carrier production for the bacillus of mouse typhoid, reliable morbidity tables could be constructed. In the absence of this certain criterion, the materials here presented can be dealt with only as mortality data. This fact is attended with obvious disadvantages in respect to the epidemiological material assembled regarding infectious disease in man. In spite, however, of the drawbacks, it is already evident that the results obtained by the sort of inquiry here described may come to throw no inconsiderable light on moot problems on the origin, mode of spread, and manner of decline of epidemic diseases in general. The analysis of the strains by selecting single cells and thus establishing substrains has yielded results which may eventually have value in explaining fluctuations in virulence. Among the positive data arising from the experiments with such cultures are, first, that there have been obtained by mechanical means from the ordinary bacteriologically pure culture, single cell strains exhibiting slightly different pathogenic activity, whether administered by mouth or parenterally, and second, that more regular results are obtained with intraperitoneal injections of these strains than with the parent strain. Among the negative results to be recorded are the failures of two single cell strains to incite an epidemic among mice under conditions known to be suitable when the parent strain is used.
Which post-marketing database and studies does EMEA require
Authors: G. Kreutz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

The European process for assessment of pharmaceutical products is complex and presents with different levels. There is the European level with two major procedures resulting in decisions on approval after applications to market a pharmaceutical product in European countries. One is the centralised procedure organised by the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). The other one is the mutual recognition procedure performed by consensus between Member States. The decisive body on the European level for medicines for humans is the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) with representation of two members from each of the countries of the European Union. This expert body is supported by others (Working Parties) where specialist competence within each of the areas …
Tinnitus, Ciba Foundation Symposium 85
Authors: Fred Harbert
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This volume reviews recent research and current clinical concepts of tinnitus, which Fowler described as an itch or tickle of the basilar membrane. More questions are asked than answered, and opinions and speculations often differ widely. Interesting research includes spontaneous cochlear emissions measurable in the closed external auditory meatus at surprisingly high levels (16 to 20 dB) in both normal and defective ears. Many subjects are unaware of this sound. A mechanical cochlear tinnitus can also be elicited by clicks. Both consist of narrow bands of noise matchable with heats and maskable. Positive electric currents applied to the promontory or round window suppress tinnitus in 60% of subjects. Similar suppression, probably by the carrier wave (16,000 to 20,000 Hz), occurs when cochlear implants are stimulated. Direct action on cochlear nerve fibers is presumed. Attempts to relate these findings clinically are highly speculative and inconclusive. Tinnitus is associated with 80% of
Adult Male Circumcision Not Associated With Risky Sexual Behavior
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dose‐intensified treatment of Burkitt lymphoma and B‐cell lymphoma unclassifiable, (with features intermediate between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma) in young adults (&lt;50 years): A comparison of two adapted BFM protocols
Authors: Sudhir Tauro, Lynda Cochrane, Grete Fossum Lauritzsen, Lee Baker, Jan Delabie, Claudia Roberts, Premini Mahendra, Harald Holte
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The chemotherapy dose-intensity in two adapted German BFM paediatric protocols (BFM 90 and NHL 86) was compared in contemporaneously treated adults <50 years with Burkitt lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (collectively referred to as BL). In BFM 90, primary prophylaxis with Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor was used, postinduction treatment was started at granulocytes > or =0.5 x 10(9)/L (> or =1.0 x 10(9)/L in NHL 86) with a higher mean methotrexate dose (2.9 g/m(2)/cycle, n = 23; 1.6 g/m(2)/cycle in NHL 86, n = 22, P < 0.001). Intervals between consecutive treatment-cycles were shorter in BFM 90 (P < 0.001) with no additional toxicity. However, the two-year failure-free survival with BFM 90 (82%) was similar to that achieved with NHL 86 (72%, P = 0.33). We conclude that BFM 90 enables safe intensification of therapy in young adults with BL compared to NHL 86, but registry-based studies are required to further evaluate the antineoplastic effects and cost-effectiveness of the two therapeutic approaches.
RESECTION OF THE RECTUM FOR MALIGNANT DISEASE AND UNION OF THE DIVIDED GUT WITH MURPHY'S BUTTON.From the Secretary's Report of a Meeting of the Cambridge Society for Medical Improvement.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

At a recent meeting of the Cambridge Society for Medical Improvement, Dr. Marcy presented the following case: W. S., aged 46, merchant. During the early part of the summer Mr. S. first noticed slight pain at stool followed by the discharge of a little bloody mucus. First seen late in July. Upon the anterior wall of the rectum fully two inches above the anus, there was situated a well defined growth of an irregular ovate shape, about an inch and a half in its longer diameter. The diagnosis of the disease appeared all too evident, but its location rendered surgical interference seemingly unwarranted. When again seen in September, the growth had completely surrounded the bowel and much suffering was experienced because of partial obstruction. Blood in considerable quantity was daily lost, and colotomy was at once advised. He entered the hospital September 12th, the operation being performed the same day
PRIMARY CEREBRAL THROMBOPHLEBITIS
Authors: J. Chandler Smith
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Thrombophlebitis may be primary or secondary. The latter form occurs in conditions known to be associated with thrombosis of veins such as childbirth, arthritis, infectious diseases, malignant tumors, recent operations, and blood dyscrasias. The primary form is of unknown cause and is often termed recurrent thrombophlebitis or thrombophlebitis migrans. The vessels affected are principally the superficial veins of the upper and lower extremities, although involvement of the visceral veins is not uncommon. Recurrent primary thrombophlebitis of the cerebral veins has been suspected clinically, but a description of the clinical as well as the gross and microscopic changes of such a case has not been recorded in the literature. For this reason the present case is of interest. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> The patient was a white Jewish man, 52 years, who was well until one week before admission to the hospital, when he noted fatigue and a dull frontal headache.
Just a GP: A Biography of Professor Sir Michael Drury
Authors: R. Westcott
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Robin Hull Radcliffe, pounds sterling 14.95, pp 144 ISBN 1-85775-036-5

Robin Hull Radcliffe, pounds sterling 14.95, pp 144 ISBN 1-85775-036-5

No one needs to explain why a biography of a world statesman, historical figure, or household name needs writing. But the life of even the most successful professional person is hard put nowadays to sustain a book. Sensibly then, Robin Hull's biography of Michael Drury sets out to trace the renaissance of general practice, to describe the latter two thirds of this century, and to tell much of the story of …
Surgery at the MGH
Authors: W. Turton Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Would you kindly publish the following letter for medico-legal reasons?  Your editorial, The 'Burst Abdomen,' states, Dehiscence is preventable. ( 195 :578, 1965). Does the writer imply that surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital is atrocious, as they failed to prevent wound dehiscence with a rate of 0.61% in all laparotomies? Surely it is unwise to lead young surgeons into the belief that they can prevent wound dehiscence, even when operating on old people.  Sir, no surgeon can beat the Massachusetts General Hospital statistics; all surgeons should make the attempt!
Relationship Between Glycemic Control and Collagen-Linked Advanced Glycosylation End Products in Type I Diabetes
Authors: Paul J Beisswenger, Lynn L Moore, Thomas J Curphey
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between glycemic control over a 3-yr period and tissue levels of advanced glycosylation end products. The development of renal failure, blindness, and generalized vascular occlusion continue to be the most serious ravages of diabetes. Tissue glycosylation and AGEs are felt to play an important role in the development of these sequelae, but no data are available on the relationship between AGEs and long-term glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 48 subjects with type I diabetes. Glycemic control was determined by mean levels of HbA1 and AGEs were determined on collagenase digests of skin collagen by fluorescence at excitation/ emission readings of 335/385 and 370/440 nm. RESULTS To evaluate the relationship between glycemic control and AGE levels, control was classified as good (&amp;lt;8.5%), fair (&amp;gt;8.5% but ≤ 10%), or poor (&amp;gt; 10%) on the basis of mean HbA: levels during 1- and 3-yr periods. Analysis of the mean AGE levels for each level of glycemic control over 1–3 yr showed that AGEs differed significantly across categories of glycemic control (P = 0.04 and 0.003), with thelowest AGE levels associated with good and the highest with poor glycemic control. The relationship also was highly significant when adjusted for age, sex, and duration of diabetes, and when examined by Pearson's correlation coefficients (P = 0.02 and 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Finding a relationship between glycemic control over 1–3 yr and tissue levels of AGEs suggests that AGEs can be modified and possibly reversed by improved glucose levels.
Accidental intra-arterial injection of midazolam and pethidine during endoscopy: a reminder that a routine procedure can result in disaster
Authors: S. Saad, J. Horn
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A cannula for venous access was placed in the antecubital fossa of a 60-year-old man for the delivery of analgesia and sedation during colonoscopy, and 5 mg midazolam and 50 mg pethidine were injected. The patient complained about heat, burning, and ongoing pain in his right forearm. The skin of the forearm was red, with some white spots similar in appearance to hives. After an infusion system was connected to the cannula, it became evident that there was backflow of arterial blood, and it was realized that the cannula had been placed in a small artery. Immediate infusion of 20 mL of 0.9 % saline solution, 10 mL of lidocaine 0.5 %, and 20 000 units/24 hours of heparin into the involved artery resulted in symptomatic relief within 8 hours and there were no negative sequelae.
Infusion-Related Phlebitis — Is the In-Line Filter the Solution?
Authors: Gerald Friedland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Intravenous devices are inserted in approximately half the 40 million patients hospitalized each year in the United States.1 The great benefits of administration of fluids and medication by this direct route to the circulation are obvious. The hazards are less well appreciated, possibly because those resulting in major morbidity and even mortality, such as cellulitis, bacteremia, septic thrombophlebitis, and disseminated infection, are fortunately infrequent if the proper technique is used. Minor complications, such as infiltration and phlebitis, are frequently accepted as inevitable concomitants of intravenous therapy. Although these complications are painful for the patient and annoying to the busy house . . .
Partial Obstruction of Left Brachiocephalic Vein by a Goiter
Authors: SAVITA PURI, RICHARD P. SPENCER, HAROLD MOSKOWITZ, EMMA M. KENDALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

PURI, SAVITA M.D.; SPENCER, RICHARD P. M.D.; MOSKOWITZ, HAROLD M.D.; KENDALL, EMMA M. Author Information
Estimating lung cancer risk with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Authors: J H Lubin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Estimates of lung cancer in nonsmokers due to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the workplace or in the home may be developed in several ways. Estimates may be based on (italic)a(/italic)) models developed using the full range of data in smokers; (italic)b(/italic)) models developed using data restricted to smokers with a low smoking rate, for example, (3/4) 10 cigarettes per day; (italic)c(/italic)) models developed using data from studies of residential exposure to ETS of nonsmokers, with exposures based on smoking rates of spouses; and (italic)d(/italic)) models using data from studies of occupational exposure to ETS of nonsmokers. Methods (italic)a(/italic) and (italic)b(/italic) require an estimate of cigarette equivalent exposure for ETS as well as assumptions on the cigarette equivalent dose to target cells from ETS and on the comparability of lung cancer risk per unit dose from smokers and nonsmokers. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from ETS studies of nonsmokers with exposures based on smoking patterns of spouses are 1.24 (1.1, 1.4) for females and 1.34 (1.0, 1.8) for males, whereas the RR estimate for occupational ETS exposure and its 95% CI is 1.39 (1.2, 1.7). Using RR estimates for ETS exposure, cigarette equivalents for ETS range from 0.1 to 1.0, based on a range of descriptive and biologically motivated models in active smokers; a cigarette equivalent is 0.2 based on a comparison of log-linear trends in RR with number of cigarettes smoked per day in active smokers and in spouses of nonsmokers.
THE ANTE-NATAL USE OF QUININE
Authors: F. W. Buddee
Journal: BMJ (1934)

Special TechniquesThe Reaction with Artificial Bilirubin A small vessel is filled with a freshly made solution of azo-bilirubin.To this end 5 mg.bilirubin is dissolved in 100 c.cm. chloroform; 10 c.cm. of this solution is evaporated under CO2 in a water-bath until it is nearly dry.About 80
Longitudinal Strain Delay Index by Speckle Tracking Imaging
Authors: Pascal Lim, Adisai Buakhamsri, Zoran B. Popovic, Neil L. Greenberg, Dimpi Patel, James D. Thomas, Richard A. Grimm
Journal: Circulation (2008)

In heart failure patients with left ventricular dyssynchrony, contractility in delayed segments does not fully contribute to end-systolic function. We quantified this reserve of contraction related to mechanical dyssynchrony to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy by the strain delay index, which was defined as the sum of the difference between peak and end-systolic strain across 16 segments.In 100 heart failure patients (ejection fraction=26+/-9%, QRS=154+/-29 ms, 94% in New York Heart Association class III), we studied left ventricular dyssynchrony before cardiac resynchronization therapy by the strain delay index using longitudinal strain by 2D speckle tracking and by the SD of time to peak myocardial velocity in 12 segments. The optimal cutoff value of the strain delay index to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy was determined in a retrospective group (n=65) and then confirmed in a validation group (n=35). Left ventricular end-systolic volume reduction at 3 months >15% (responder) occurred in 64 of 100 patients. In the retrospective group, the strain delay index but not the SD of time to peak myocardial velocity was greater in responders (n=42/65) than nonresponders (35+/-8% versus 19+/-7%, P<0.0001), and the optimal cutoff value to identify response to cardiac resynchronization therapy was 25%. In the validation group, strain delay index > or =25% identified 82% (18/22) of responders and 92% (12/13) of nonresponders. Among the entire population (n=100), strain delay index correlated with reverse remodeling in both the ischemic (r=-0.68, P<0.0001) and nonischemic (r=-0.68, P<0.0001) population.Use of the strain delay index with longitudinal strain by speckle tracking has a strong predictive value for predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in both ischemic and nonischemic patients.
Diarrhea in Children
Authors: Anne V. C. Lloyd, Harry Shwachman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

HIPPOCRATES defined diarrhea as a condition of "abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal discharge." At the present time, and especially in small babies, we are more concerned with the volume of fluid discharged, since the serious consequences are mainly due to water and electrolyte losses. Diarrhea is a symptom rather than a disease, and our main objectives in treatment are to prevent complications and eliminate causative factors rather than to attempt reduction in the number of stools. In this context, one should take into consideration individual variation, for healthy children may have as many as three or four stools daily, . . .