tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protective humoral response against pneumococcal infection in mice elicited by recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccines expressing pneumococcal surface protein A.
Authors: S Langermann, S R Palaszynski, J E Burlein, S Koenig, M S Hanson, D E Briles, C K Stover
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a cell-surface protein present on all strains of pneumococci, has been shown to elicit protective antibody responses in mice in the absence of capsular polysaccharide. Whereas PspA is polymorphic, considerable cross-reactivity and cross-protection have been demonstrated among PspA proteins of pneumococci exhibiting different capsular and PspA serotypes. A gene segment encoding the nonrepetitive variable NH2-terminal portion of PspA has been cloned into three distinct recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) vectors, allowing for expression of PspA as a cytoplasmic or secreted protein, or a chimeric exported membrane-associated lipoprotein. All rBCG-PspA strains elicited comparable anti-PspA ELISA titers, ranging from 10(4) to 10(5) (reciprocal titers) in both BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice. However, protective responses were observed only in animals immunized with the rBCG-PspA vaccines expressing PspA as a secreted protein or chimeric exported lipoprotein. In addition, anti-PspA immune sera elicited by the rBCG vaccines passively protected X-linked immunodeficient mice from lethal challenge with the highly virulent, encapsulated WU2 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae and two additional virulent strains exhibiting heterologous PspA and capsular serotypes. These studies confirm previous PspA immunization studies showing cross-protection against heterologous serotypes of S. pneumoniae and demonstrate a potential for rBCG-based PspA vaccines to elicit protective humoral responses against pneumococcal disease in humans.
Effect on blood pressure of combined inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase with daglutril in patients with type 2 diabetes who have albuminuria: a randomised, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Aneliya Parvanova, Irene M van der Meer, Ilian Iliev, Annalisa Perna, Flavio Gaspari, Roberto Trevisan, Antonio Bossi, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Ariela Benigni, Piero Ruggenenti
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2013)
A Combination of the Pediatric NAFLD Fibrosis Index and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Test Identifies Children With Fibrosis
Authors: Naim Alkhouri, Christine Carter–Kent, Rocio Lopez, William M. Rosenberg, Massimo Pinzani, Giorgio Bedogni, Ariel E. Feldstein, Valerio Nobili
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Acute influence of cigarette smoke on secretion of pulmonary surfactant in rat alveolar type II cells in culture
Authors: HR Wirtz, M Schmidt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

It has been shown, that smoking results in a lower yield of surfactant associated phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Indirect evidence suggests impaired secretion. In the present study, we investigated the influence of cigarette smoke on surfactant secretion in cultured rat alveolar type II cells. Smoke exposure was achieved by bubbling the smoke of four cigarettes through Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) which was adjusted to a reference absorption value of 1.36 at 320 nm. Cells were preincubated with various dilutions of cigarette smoke-treated medium for 30 min, and were then exposed to this medium for 2 h. After this time, secretion of 3H-choline-labelled phosphatidylcholine (PC) was measured as a marker of surfactant secretion. A 10 fold dilution of cigarette smoke-treated medium inhibited PC secretion stimulated by a combination of terbutaline, adenosine triphosphate and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate by over 50%, but did not alter basal secretion. Exposure to less concentrated cigarette smoke-treated medium resulted in less inhibition. Cellular injury was not observed with the concentrations of cigarette smoke-treated medium used in this study. The gas phase of cigarette smoke was not inhibitory at comparable concentrations. Longer exposure to cigarette smoke-treated medium resulted in increased inhibition of PC secretion. The cigarette smoke ingredients, nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene, failed to inhibit PC secretion. Secretion of type II cells exposed to cigarette smoke-treated medium at lower temperatures was not affected. Addition of antioxidants to medium and cells during the preincubation and secretion period did not alter cigarette smoke-treated medium-induced inhibition of stimulated PC secretion. These results demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect of cigarette smoke constituents on surfactant secretion in type II cells. Inhibition is mediated by compounds contained predominantly in the particulate phase of cigarette smoke. Inactivation of the inhibitory effect by lower temperatures suggests involvement of processes such as enzymatic bioactivation or active transport mechanisms.
BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 7: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition promoter and prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yi-Ming Tao, Jin-Lin Huang, Shan Zeng, Sai Zhang, Xue-Gong Fan, Zhi-Ming Wang, Hui-Xiang Yang, Xiao-Hua Yuan, Pu Wang, Fan Wu, Jia Luo, De-Yu Zeng, Hong Shen
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 7 (BTBD7) regulates EMT-associated proteins implicated in HCC progression. However, the role(s) of BTBD7 in HCC have not been identified. Using highly metastatic HCC HCCLM3 cells, immortalized L02 hepatocytes, metastatic HCC animal models, and three independent cohorts of HCC patient specimens, we aimed to determine the involvement of BTBD7 in HCC metastasis. We show that BTBD7 messenger RNA and protein was highly expressed in HCC cells and tumor tissues, with such expression being associated with: enhanced cell motility, venous invasion, and poor prognosis. BTBD7 promoted HCC angiogenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo , but did not influence cell proliferation or colony formation. BTBD7 enhancement of HCC invasion and EMT phenotype occurred through activation of a RhoC-Rock2-FAK-signaling pathway, resulting in matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 production and microvessel formation. Applying a predictive risk score model, Cox regression analysis revealed that high BTBD7 expression integrated with high microvessel density was a powerful independent predictive factor of HCC clinical outcome. Conclusion : The present study identifies BTBD7 as a novel candidate prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
Toward a Consensus on Guiding Principles for Health Systems Strengthening
Authors: Robert C. Swanson, Annette Bongiovanni, Elizabeth Bradley, Varnee Murugan, Jesper Sundewall, Arvind Betigeri, Frank Nyonator, Adriano Cattaneo, Brandi Harless, Andrey Ostrovsky, Ronald Labonté
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

A renewed focus on health systems strengthening (HSS) in global health has emerged in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) and others have promoted HSS as essential to attaining the Millennium Development Goals and to improving global health outcomes [1],[2]. This recent increase in interest is highlighted by the organization of the First Global Symposium on Health Systems Research, held in November 2010 [3]. Additionally, numerous funding opportunities with an emphasis on HSS have been established, including a collaborative effort between the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI Alliance), The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund), and the World Bank [4], as well as US President Obama's Global Health Initiative [5].

Despite the growing consensus for the need for HSS, there is little agreement on strategies for its implementation [6]. Widely accepted guiding principles could provide a common language for strategy development and communication in the global community. Without a set of agreed-upon principles, frameworks for policy, practice, and evaluation may be unclear, overly narrow, or inconsistent [7], limiting the ability for collective learning, innovation, and improvement. Here we suggest a list of ten guiding principles necessary for effective HSS.
MISMATCHED DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA (AMPLIGEN) REDUCES CONCENTRATION OF ZIDOVUDINE (AZIDOTHYMIDINE) REQUIRED FOR IN-VITRO INHIBITION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
Authors: WilliamM. Mitchell, DavidC. Montefiori, W. Edward Robinson, DavidR. Strayer, WilliamA. Carter
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Subcutaneous emphysema of the chest: could it be pulmonary mucormycosis?
Authors: C. G. Koshy, S. Shah, T. Mammen
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Subcutaneous emphysema of the chest: could it be pulmonary mucormycosis?A 54-year-old diabetic man presented with acute respiratory distress, progressive swelling of the chest wall, productive cough and low-grade fever.Chest radiographs showed increasing subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum (figure 1).CT scanning revealed a thin-walled cavity in the right lung, communicating with the posterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe (figure 2a) with rupture into the chest wall (figure 2b).Bronchoscopy showed white-coloured membranes within the posterior segmental bronchus which were biopsied.Histopathology and fungal culture confirmed it to be invasive mucormycosis (figure 3a,b).Despite antifungal treatment, the patient died.Progressive subcutaneous emphysema in pulmonary mucormycosis has not been reported in the literature and should be considered, especially if the patient is diabetic or immunocompromised. 1 2 Early diagnosis and treatment will contribute towards a successful outcome.
Effect of PUVA on intestinal calcium absorption
Authors: K.E. VIRVIDAKIS, J.D. BROKALAKIS, P.N. SINGHELLAKIS, T.D. MOUNTOKALAKIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Intestinal calcium absorption increased significantly following 14 days of treatment with photochemotherapy (PUVA) in seven patients with chronic psoriasis. Irradiation with UVA alone over a similar period did not result in significant changes in calcium absorption in an additional seven psoriatic patients. These findings suggest that the increase in serum 25-OH vitamin D levels previously reported in patients treated by PUVA may have important biological consequences.
Long-Term Effects of Nonselective Endothelin A and B Receptor Antagonism in Postinfarction Rat
Authors: Quang Trinh Nguyen, Peter Cernacek, Martin G. Sirois, Angelino Calderone, Nathalie Lapointe, Duncan J. Stewart, Jean L. Rouleau
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Some controversy exists as to the effects of endothelin (ET) receptor antagonism on long-term post-myocardial infarction (MI) evolution, particularly as it relates to the timing of the intervention after MI (<24 hours versus 10 days).Sham rats and rats surviving an acute MI for >20 hours (n=301) were assigned to treatment with saline or the nonselective ET(A) and ET(B) receptor antagonist LU 420627 (LU) started <24 hours (early) or 10 days (late) after MI and continued for 100 days. Long-term LU treatment led to increased mortality of rats with large MI, regardless of the timing of initiation of therapy. Early initiation of LU reduced survival from 61% to 16% (P<0.001 versus untreated), and later initiation reduced survival to 36% (P=0.012 versus untreated and P<0.001 versus early initiation). Early initiation of LU led to scar thinning, further left ventricular (LV) dilatation, LV dysfunction, and an excessive rise in right ventricular systolic pressure. Later initiation of LU did not modify scar formation but resulted in LV dilatation and dysfunction compared with the untreated group. Cardiac fibrosis tended to increase in the LU-treated MI groups. LU in the sham group reduced cardiac endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase but did not modify the changes that occurred with a large MI.The use of the nonselective ET(A) and ET(B) receptor antagonist LU results in reduced survival, ventricular dilatation, and dysfunction whether started early or late after MI. Early initiation of LU resulted in scar expansion and a particularly unfavorable outcome.
Increased Levels of Interleukin-10 in Serum from Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Correlate with Profound Numerical Deficiencies and Immature Phenotype of Circulating Dendritic Cell Subsets
Authors: Susanne Beckebaum, Xia Zhang, Xiao Chen, Zhengya Yu, Andrea Frilling, Grzegorz Dworacki, Hans Grosse-Wilde, Christoph Erich Broelsch, Guido Gerken, Vito R. Cicinnati
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-10 have been described as a negative prognostic indicator for survival in patients with various types of cancer. IL-10 exerts tolerogenic and immunosuppressive effects on dendritic cells, which are crucial for the induction of an antitumor immune response. Blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-2 and BDCA-4 are specifically expressed by CD123bright CD11c− plasmacytoid dendritic cells; whereas BDCA-1 and BDCA-3 define 2 distinct subsets of CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells. In this study, the T-helper cell (Th)1/Th2 cytokine serum profile of 65 hepatocellular carcinoma patients was assessed. We found that serum levels of IL-10 were substantially increased in hepatocellular carcinoma patients as compared with controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were exposed to recombinant human (rh)IL-10 in vitro to additionally characterize its impact on distinct blood dendritic cell subsets. A dramatic decrease of all myeloid dendritic cell (MDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC) subsets was detectable after 24 hours of continuous rhIL-10 exposure. Moreover, the expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86, was significantly reduced on rhIL-10-treated dendritic cell subsets. Direct ex vivo flow cytometric analysis of various dendritic cell subpopulations in peripheral blood from hepatocellular carcinoma patients revealed an immature phenotype and a substantial reduction of circulating dendritic cells that was associated with increased IL-10 concentrations in serum and with tumor progression. These findings confirm a predominantly immunosuppressive role of IL-10 for circulating dendritic cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and, thus, may indicate novel aspects of tumor immune evasion.
Effects of Pharyngeal Muscle Activation on Airway Size and Configuration
Authors: SAMUEL T. KUNA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Fiberoptic imaging was performed in six decerebrate, tracheotomized cats to determine the effect of pharyngeal muscle activation on the pharyngeal airway. The fiberoptic scope was advanced through the rostral trachea into the pharynx. Computer-based planimetry was used to measure airway area and maximum anteroposterior and lateral diameters in the rostral oropharynx, velopharynx, and caudal oropharynx. Cuff electrodes stimulated the bilateral distal cut ends of the following nerves: medial hypoglossus (MHG), lateral hypoglossus (LHG), glossopharyngeus, and pharyngeal branch of vagus (PBV). The velopharyngeal area increased with stimulation of the MHG, MHG plus LHG, and glossopharyngeus. The velopharyngeal area decreased with PBV stimulation. Similar effects occurred in the caudal oropharynx. The percent increase in velopharyngeal area with combined MHG and LHG stimulation was greater than the sum of the increases stimulating either branch alone. In the rostral oropharynx, airway area increased with individual and combined stimulation of the MHG and LHG. Changes in airway area at the different levels were concentric with the HG stimulations, but glossopharyngeal stimulation resulted in a greater increase in lateral than anteroposterior wall movement. The results indicate that the mechanical effects of pharyngeal muscle contraction depend on the airway level and the specific muscles that are activated.
Activity of doxorubicin after high-dose ifosfamide in adult patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma: A study of the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas (GEIS)
Authors: J.M. Buesa, J. Fra, A. Antón, A. López-Pousa, J. Martín, J. García del Muro, P. Escudero, A. Casado, A. Poveda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Assessment of postdialysis dry weight
Authors: P M Kouw, J P Kooman, E C Cheriex, C G Olthof, P M de Vries, K M Leunissen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Because clinical indices of hydration state are insensitive, the estimation of correct postdialysis dry weight is still major problem. Recently, some new techniques have been introduced to assess postdialysis dry weight more accurately. The plasma concentrations of the biochemical markers atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cGMP are related to intravascular hydration state. The echographically measured inferior caval vein diameter (VCD) is linked to right atrial pressure and blood volume (BV). Regional noninvasive conductivity measurements provide information about regional extracellular fluid volume (EFV). In this study of postdialysis ANP and cGMP concentrations, VCD and EFV yielded postdialysis diagnoses of hydration state in 18 patients on maintenance dialysis. In order to verify the established diagnosis, hemodynamic and BV changes during dialysis were studied. In postdialysis underhydrated patients, differentiated according to VCD and EFV standards, a pronounced decrease in BV, stroke volume, and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter compared with postdialysis normohydrated patients was observed. Hemodynamic and BV changes during dialysis were identical in the groups selected according to postdialysis ANP level. Only a difference in BV decrease was demonstrated between the groups selected according to postdialysis cGMP. Predialysis and postdialysis VCD correlated well with the corresponding EFV (r = 0.7 and r = 0.8, respectively). Because VCD and EFV were related and interpretation yielded diagnoses of postdialysis hydration state that were substantiated by the finding of classical hemodynamic features of underhydration, both are an asset in the diagnosis of postdialysis dry weight. cGMP values are less informative, and ANP does not provide any information at all.
Effect of Inhibitors of Fibrinolytic Enzymes on Development of Pulmonary Metastases2
Authors: Eugene E. Cliffton, Domenico Agostino
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Journal Article Effect of Inhibitors of Fibrinolytic Enzymes on Development of Pulmonary Metastases Get access Eugene E. Cliffton, Eugene E. Cliffton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Domenico Agostino Domenico Agostino Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 5, November 1964, Pages 753–763, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.5.753 Published: 01 November 1964 Article history Received: 17 June 1963 Revision received: 22 July 1964 Published: 01 November 1964
Diurnal Change in Refraction, Corneal Curvature, Visual Acuity, and Intraocular Pressure After Radial Keratotomy in the PERK Study
Authors: David J. Schanzlin, Vicki Rice Santos, George O. Waring, Michael Lynn, Linda Bourque, Nubia Cantillo, Mary Anne Edwards, Norma Justin, Jan Reinig, Vicki Roszka-Duggan
Journal: Ophthalmology (1986)
Endothelial HIF-2α regulates murine pathological angiogenesis and revascularization processes
Authors: Nicolas Skuli, Amar J. Majmundar, Bryan L. Krock, Rickson C. Mesquita, Lijoy K. Mathew, Zachary L. Quinn, Anja Runge, Liping Liu, Meeri N. Kim, Jiaming Liang, Steven Schenkel, Arjun G. Yodh, Brian Keith, M. Celeste Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Localized tissue hypoxia is a consequence of vascular compromise or rapid cellular proliferation and is a potent inducer of compensatory angiogenesis. The oxygen-responsive transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) is highly expressed in vascular ECs and, along with HIF-1α, activates expression of target genes whose products modulate vascular functions and angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which HIF-2α regulates EC function and tissue perfusion under physiological and pathological conditions are poorly understood. Using mice in which Hif2a was specifically deleted in ECs, we demonstrate here that HIF-2α expression is required for angiogenic responses during hindlimb ischemia and for the growth of autochthonous skin tumors. EC-specific Hif2a deletion resulted in increased vessel formation in both models; however, these vessels failed to undergo proper arteriogenesis, resulting in poor perfusion. Analysis of cultured HIF-2α-deficient ECs revealed cell-autonomous increases in migration, invasion, and morphogenetic activity, which correlated with HIF-2α-dependent expression of specific angiogenic factors, including delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), a Notch ligand, and angiopoietin 2. By stimulating Dll4 signaling in cultured ECs or restoring Dll4 expression in ischemic muscle tissue, we rescued most of the HIF-2α-dependent EC phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, emphasizing the critical role of Dll4/Notch signaling as a downstream target of HIF-2α in ECs. These results indicate that HIF-1α and HIF-2α fulfill complementary, but largely nonoverlapping, essential functions in pathophysiological angiogenesis.
Differential gene expression in colon cancer of the caecum versus the sigmoid and rectosigmoid
Authors: K Birkenkamp-Demtroder
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aims:</b> There are epidemiological, morphological, and molecular differences between normal mucosa as well as between adenocarcinomas of the right and left side of the large bowel. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in gene expression. <b>Methods:</b> Oligonucleotide microarrays (GeneChip) were used to compare gene expression in 45 single samples from normal mucosa and sporadic colorectal carcinomas (Dukes’ B and C) of the caecum compared with the sigmoid and rectosigmoid. Findings were validated by real time polymerase chain reaction. <b>Results:</b> Fifty eight genes were found to be differentially expressed between the normal mucosa of the caecum and the sigmoid and rectosigmoid (p&lt;0.01), including pS2, S100P, and a sialyltransferase, all being expressed at higher levels in the caecum. A total of 118 and 186 genes were differentially expressed between normal and right or left sided tumours of the colon, showing more pronounced differences in Dukes’ C than B tumours. Thirty genes differentially expressed in tumour tissue were common to adenocarcinomas of both sides, including known tumour markers such as the matrix metalloproteinases. Keratins 8, 19, and 20 as well as carbonic anhydrases (II, IV, VII) showed side specific expression and were downregulated in left sided tumours whereas teratocarcinoma growth factor and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were upregulated in left sided adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed differences in side specific expression for cytokeratin 20 and COX-2. <b>Conclusions:</b> Differences in gene expression between normal mucosa as well as between adenocarcinomas of the caecum and sigmoid or rectosigmoid exist and should be taken into account when examining new targeted therapeutic regimens.
Geoffrey Donald Oates
Authors: B. H. B. Moran
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Geoffrey Donald Oates (“Geoff”) died suddenly in Switzerland, aged 84, en route from his adopted home in Verbier to attend the conference of the British Association of Surgical Oncology. He was carrying his handwritten Christmas cards (for postage in England), which were subsequently posted by Liz, who had to add a note on each envelope that Geoff had died on the way. He would have been very disappointed at the added cost at having to post them in Switzerland owing to the sudden change in events. In the cards that we both received, he related that he and Liz were in great health and that he might not make it to a meeting we were attending in St Gallen a few weeks later, as …