tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Narrowband imaging colonoscopy with a transparent hood for diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma in situ in the anal canal
Authors: Y. Oono, K. Fu, H. Nakamura, Y. Iriguchi, A. Yamamura, D. Kishi, J. Oda, H. Ikematsu, M. Mizutani, S. Takayanagi, Y. Tomino
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Anal cancer is a relatively rare malignancy [1]. An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base showed that most patients with anal carcinoma (71.1 %) required invasive treatments such as chemoradiation therapy with or without surgery, and the 5-year overall survival for these patients was 58.0 % [2]. Anal squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) accounts for almost 10 % of all anal carcinomas [3]. Here we present a case of anal canal squamous cell CIS incidentally detected in a patient at low risk of developing anal cancer. The presence, histology, and spread and depth invasion of the tumor were correctly diagnosed by narrowband imaging (NBI) with magnification.
Bone changes after experimental osteotomies fixed with absorbable self-reinforced poly-l-lactide screws or metallic screws studied by plain radiographs, quantitative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: J. Viljanen, J. Kinnunen, S. Bondestam, A. Majola, P. Rokkanen, P. Törmälä
Journal: Biomaterials (1995)
Calcium-Activated Cl <sup>−</sup> Current Contributes to Delayed Afterdepolarizations in Single Purkinje and Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Arie O. Verkerk, Marieke W. Veldkamp, Lennart N. Bouman, Antoni C. G. van Ginneken
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The ionic mechanism underlying the transient inward current (I(ti)), the current responsible for delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), appears to be different in ventricular myocytes and Purkinje fibers. In ventricular myocytes, I(ti) was ascribed to a Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange current, whereas in Purkinje fibers, it was additionally ascribed to a Cl(-) current and a nonselective cation current. If Cl(-) current contributes to I(ti) and thus to DADs, Cl(-) current blockade may be potentially antiarrhythmogenic. In this study, we investigated the ionic nature of I(ti) in single sheep Purkinje and ventricular myocytes and the effects of Cl(-) current blockade on DADs.In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, I(ti) was induced by repetitive depolarizations from -93 to +37 mV in the presence of 1 micromol/L norepinephrine. In both Purkinje and ventricular myocytes, I(ti) was inward at negative potentials and outward at positive potentials. The anion blocker 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) blocked outward I(ti) completely but inward I(ti) only slightly. The DIDS-sensitive component of I(ti) was outwardly rectifying, with a reversal close to the reversal potential of Cl(-) currents. Blockade of Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange by substitution of extracellular Na(+) by equimolar Li(+) abolished the DIDS-insensitive component of I(ti). DIDS reduced both DAD amplitude and triggered activity based on DADs. Conclusions-In both Purkinje and ventricular myocytes, I(ti) consists of 2 ionic mechanisms: a Cl(-) current and a Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange current. Blockade of the Cl(-) current may be potentially antiarrhythmogenic by lowering DAD amplitude and triggered activity based on DADs.
Liver Enzyme Monitoring in Patients Treated With Troglitazone
Authors: David J. Graham
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ROGLITAZONE IS A THIAZOLIDINEdione antidiabetic agent that decreases insulin resistance.It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 1997 for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.During premarketing clinical trials, serum liver transaminase elevations exceeding 3 times the upper limit of normal were observed in 1.9% of troglitazone-treated patients vs 0.6% in comparators. 1 Of 2510 patients treated with troglitazone in these trials, 2 were hospitalized with drug-associated hepatitis and 2 developed jaundice.From March 1997, when marketing began, through the end of October 1997, there were no recommendations in product labeling that liver enzymes should be monitored.Soon thereafter, cases of acute liver failure (ALF) began to be reported among patients taking troglitazone.][8][9][10][11][12][13] In mid-1999, 2 other thiazolidinediones were approved.By March 2000, when troglitazone was removed from the market, 94 cases of liver failure had been reported.The issuance of successive warning letters and associated changes in labeling for liver enzyme monitoring provided an opportunity to study their impact on physician and patient behavior and to assess their effectiveness as a risk management tool.
Rheumatic heart disease epidemiology. Observations in 17,366 Denver school children
Authors: W. E. Morton
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During an evaluation of heart-disease screening methods among 17,366 Denver parochial school children, rheumatic heart disease (RHD) epidemiologic data were collected. The RHD prevalence rate was 1.7 cases per 1,000 enrolled. A history of rheumatic fever was elicited from 12.4% of the population and from 44.8% of the RHD cases. Prevalence rates of RHD and of rheumatic fever history were higher among older students and among those from lower socioeconomic circumstances. The excess RHD prevalence at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale was due largely to cases of RHD without a history of clinical rheumatic fever. Ethnic differences in RHD prevalence were believed to be explained by differences in their socioeconomic distributions, although there were insufficient data to satisfactorily document this hypothesis. RHD prevalence in students has apparently diminished during the past 40 years.
Gene Expression Evolves under a House-of-Cards Model of Stabilizing Selection
Authors: Andrea Hodgins-Davis, Daniel P. Rice, Jeffrey P. Townsend
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Divergence in gene regulation is hypothesized to underlie much of phenotypic evolution, but the role of natural selection in shaping the molecular phenotype of gene expression continues to be debated. To resolve the mode of gene expression, evolution requires accessible theoretical predictions for the effect of selection over long timescales. Evolutionary quantitative genetic models of phenotypic evolution can provide such predictions, yet those predictions depend on the underlying hypotheses about the distributions of mutational and selective effects that are notoriously difficult to disentangle. Here, we draw on diverse genomic data sets including expression profiles of natural genetic variation and mutation accumulation lines, empirical estimates of genomic mutation rates, and inferences of genetic architecture to differentiate contrasting hypotheses for the roles of stabilizing selection and mutation in shaping natural expression variation. Our analysis suggests that gene expression evolves in a domain of phenotype space well fit by the House-of-Cards (HC) model. Although the strength of selection inferred is sensitive to the number of loci controlling gene expression, the model is not. The consistency of these results across evolutionary time from budding yeast through fruit fly implies that this model is general and that mutational effects on gene expression are relatively large. Empirical estimates of the genetic architecture of gene expression traits imply that selection provides modest constraints on gene expression levels for most genes, but that the potential for regulatory evolution is high. Our prediction using data from laboratory environments should encourage the collection of additional data sets allowing for more nuanced parameterizations of HC models for gene expression.
A LOCAL EPIDEMIC OF RINGWORM DUE TO TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS.
Authors: GWENDOLINE I.M. CARLIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article A LOCAL EPIDEMIC OF RINGWORM DUE TO TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS. Get access GWENDOLINE I.M. CARLIER, M.Sc., F.R.I.C. GWENDOLINE I.M. CARLIER, M.Sc., F.R.I.C. The Skin Hospital, John Bright Street, 1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 10, 1 October 1963, Pages 382–387, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13916.x Published: 01 October 1963
Involution of Eruptive Melanocytic Nevi on Combination BRAF and MEK Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Frank W. Chen, Diane Tseng, Sunil Reddy, Adil I. Daud, Susan M. Swetter
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Eruptive melanocytic nevi (EMN) are characterized by the sudden onset of numerous melanocytic nevi and have been traditionally described in the setting of immunosuppression. Selective BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib cause multiple cutaneous adverse effects, including the formation of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, as well as EMN. We describe the first reported case, to our knowledge, of involution of BRAF inhibitor-induced EMN following the concomitant addition of a MEK inhibitor, cobimetinib.A woman in her 20s with a history of metastatic melanoma developed EMN while receiving therapy with vemurafenib, a selective BRAF inhibitor. After disease progression, the patient was placed on a clinical trial that combined vemurafenib with a MEK inhibitor, cobimetinib. Within months, we noted clinical involution of many of her EMN. In addition, numerous preexisting nevi were noted to fade in color on the dual regimen. Over a year after initiating this combination therapy, most of the patient's EMN were no longer clinically evident.Our case report describing the involution of EMN supports data from previous clinical trials indicating that combination BRAF and MEK inhibition may reduce cutaneous proliferative effects that arise on BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. Further studies are necessary to characterize the biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Increased expression of complement decay-accelerating factor during activation of human neutrophils.
Authors: M Berger, M E Medof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a membrane protein that protects blood cells from damage by autologous complement. Using monoclonal antibodies in both direct-binding studies and flow cytometry, we found that resting neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMN]) expressed 10(4) DAF molecules on their surface, and that surface DAF expression more than doubled when the cells were activated. Upregulation of surface DAF occurred within minutes, paralleled the upregulation of complement receptor types 1 and 3 (CR1 and CR3), and was not dependent on new protein synthesis. It was unaffected by EDTA but was inhibited by 10 microM trifluoperazine, suggesting involvement of intracellular Ca2+ and calmodulin or protein kinase C. Upon activation, the affected PMN lacking surface DAF from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria failed to increase DAF expression. In contrast, these cells increased CR1 and CR3 expression normally, suggesting that DAF deficiency in affected cells involves abnormal synthesis or packaging of DAF for intracellular storage. Translocation of DAF to the cell surface induced by chemoattractants may be important in allowing PMN to survive and function at inflammatory sites where there is rapid complement turnover.
Lundbeck broke advertising rules
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A 49-year-old woman with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, flank pain and a family history of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome sought genetic testing. She was found to harbour a fumarate hydratase (FH) genetic mutation and a previously undetected renal tumour. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy, and remains well at follow-up. HLRCC syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease, with patients at increased risk for cutaneous leiomyomas, early-onset uterine leiomyomas and aggressive renal carcinoma. Although the syndrome may manifest life-threatening complications, outcomes may be improved by preventative family screening and surveillance, compelling early diagnosis.
A potentiostatic study of oxygen transport through poly(2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-2,3-dihydroxypropylmethacrylate) hydrogel membranes
Authors: Vicente Compañ, Pilar Tiemblo, F. García, J.M. García, Julio Guzmán, Evaristo Riande
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Immunologic Studies of Two Cases of Fatal Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Ernst H. Beutner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The presence of antibodies to skeletal muscle in the sera of some patients with myasthenia gravis was first demonstrated by direct and complement immunofluorescent staining by Strauss et al.1Subsequently, we found that these antibodies may be demonstrated by the indirect staining method as well, that they combine also with heart muscle (thus they are referred to as SH antibodies), and that they behave as autoantibodies,2ie, the patient's serum reacted with his own muscle tissue in the in vitro test system. A second antibody which is less commonly found in sera of patients with myasthenia gravis reacts only with skeletal muscle. This so-called S antibody was also demonstrated to be an autoantibody by a test-tube complement-fixation-test method. More recently a highly sensitive tanned-cell agglutination test for antibodies to skeletal and heart muscle has been elaborated in this laboratory.3Again the SH antibodies were found to combine
Fish, Fatty Acids, and Human Health
Authors: John A. Glomset
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Three studies published in this issue of the Journal support the possibility that the consumption of fish may be of special benefit to human health. One of the studies1 shows that the consumption offish by a group of Dutch men correlated inversely with death due to heart disease during a 20-year follow-up period. This result is of special interest because it was obtained with a prospective approach, because an average daily intake of only 30 g offish had a substantial protective effect, and because the relation between fish consumption and death from coronary heart disease seemed to be independent of . . .
EAU Guidelines for the Management of Urinary and Male Genital Tract Infections&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
Authors: Kurt G. Naber, Bo Bergman, Michael C. Bishop, Truls E. Bjerklund-Johansen, Henry Botto, Bernard Lobel, F. Jimenez Cruz, Francesco P. Selvaggi
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Identification of a transforming MYB-GATA1 fusion gene in acute basophilic leukemia: a new entity in male infants
Authors: Cathy Quelen, Eric Lippert, Stephanie Struski, Cécile Demur, Gwendoline Soler, Nais Prade, Eric Delabesse, Cyril Broccardo, Nicole Dastugue, François-Xavier Mahon, Pierre Brousset
Journal: Blood (2011)
Lung function in coastal and highland New Guineans--comparison with Europeans
Authors: J. E. Cotes, M. J. Saunders, J. E. R. Adam, H. R. Anderson, A. M. Hall
Journal: Thorax (1973)

The lung volumes, ventilatory capacity, and transfer factor of young adult male and female New Guineans living at sea level, after standardization for age, height, and, in the case of transfer factor, the haemoglobin concentration, resemble those of people of Indian and West African descent. The inspiratory capacity and expiratory reserve volume are smaller than for comparable Europeans. The highland New Guineans have a larger total lung capacity and transfer factor than the coastal dwellers due mainly to a larger inspiratory capacity. Compared with representative Europeans, the highlanders have a similar total lung capacity but larger transfer factor. The exceptional lung function of the New Guinea highlanders is not closely related to altitude and is probably determined at least in part by their present mode of life entailing a high level of habitual activity. This factor needs to be taken into account when considering `normal values9.
Enkephalins in large bowel malignancy and in acute appendicitis.
Authors: W G Davis, W P Tormey, P V Delaney
Journal: Gut (1979)

Leucine and methionine enkephalins were measured by biological assay in normal colon, adenocarcinoma of the colon, carcinoma of the caecum, and in normal and inflamed appendix. Methionine enkephalin levels in both the adenocarcinomas and inflamed appendices were significantly higher than in normal controls. No significant change occurred in leucine enkephalin levels. The caecal tumours were anaplastic and contained no demonstrable opioid activity.
Attempted Cultivation of Spirochaeta Myelophthora and a Test of the Validity of the Complement-Fixation Test in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Charles A. Vinnik, Victor R. Grann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

MULTIPLE sclerosis was recognized as a clinical entity early in the nineteenth century by Charcot. Since then its pathology and clinical symptomatology have been defined, but the etiology of this disease still remains an enigma. It has been ascribed to many and varied causes — among them, infectious agents, toxins, vitamin deficiencies, congenital and hereditary phenomena and allergic and biochemical reactions.1 , 2 Buzzard3 (1911), on the basis of the resemblance between multiple sclerosis and cerebrospinal syphilis, postulated that a treponema is the responsible organism in multiple sclerosis. A few years later, Kuhn and Steiner4 claimed to have isolated a spiral organism . . .
Successful transfer of alloreactive haploidentical KIR ligand-mismatched natural killer cells after infusion in elderly high risk acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Antonio Curti, Loredana Ruggeri, Alessandra D'Addio, Andrea Bontadini, Elisa Dan, Maria Rosa Motta, Sara Trabanelli, Valeria Giudice, Elena Urbani, Giovanni Martinelli, Stefania Paolini, Fiorenza Fruet, Alessandro Isidori, Sarah Parisi, Giuseppe Bandini, Michele Baccarani, Andrea Velardi, Roberto M. Lemoli
Journal: Blood (2011)
Histology of the Human Eye: An Atlas and Textbook
Authors: David E. Shoch
Journal: JAMA (1972)

It is no exaggeration to say that there is no understanding of the function of that marvelous organ of primary sensory contact, the eye, without a detailed knowledge of its compact, elegant, and mysterious structure. For years the standard for this study was Salzmann's<i>Anatomie und Histologie des menschlichen Augapfels</i>, published in 1912. (Fortunately, for nonpossessors of German, an authorized English translation by E. V. L. Brown appeared the same year.) Since that time new textbooks have appeared—Duke-Elder,<i>Textbook of Ophthalmology</i>volume 1, Wolff's<i>Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit</i>, Duke-Elder,<i>System of Ophthalmology</i>volume 2—but these were in essence only Salzmann with color added or with photographs instead of drawings. Now is published the first really new book on histology of the eye in 60 years. It appears on the surface to be only histology as seen through the electron rather than the light microscope. However, even a casual
Liberation of the Patient From Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Jesse B. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Discontinuation of mechanical ventilation is too frequently difficult and frustrating for the patient and the clinician alike. With the view that expeditious withdrawal of mechanical support is often a mirror-image exercise requiring reversal of the factors that led to respiratory failure, we begin with a discussion of the various pathophysiologies of respiratory failure. We then describe an approach emphasizing assessment of respiratory load and neuromuscular function at the bedside, with strategies outlined for diminishing mechanical load while conditioning and strengthening respiratory muscles to the point that spontaneous ventilation can be sustained. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:1621-1628)
Akt Activation Is Responsible for Enhanced Migratory and Invasive Behavior of Arsenic-Transformed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhishan Wang, Junling Yang, Theresa Fisher, Hua Xiao, Yiguo Jiang, Chengfeng Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Arsenic is one of the most common environmental contaminants. Long-term exposure to arsenic causes human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) malignant transformation and lung cancer. However, the mechanism of arsenic lung carcinogenesis is not clear, and the migratory and invasive properties of arsenic-transformed cells (As-transformed cells) have rarely been studied.Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the migratory and invasive behavior of As-transformed HBECs and the underlying mechanism.Methods: As-transformed p53lowHBECs were generated by exposing p53-knockdown HBECs to sodium arsenite (2.5 μM) for 16 weeks. Cell migration was assessed by transwell migration and wound-healing assay. Cell invasion was evaluated using Matrigel-coated transwell chambers. Gene overexpression, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdowns, and pharmacological inhibitors were used to determine the potential mechanism responsible for enhanced cell migration and invasion.Results: Transwell migration and invasion assays revealed that As-transformed p53lowHBECs were highly migratory and invasive. Akt (also known as protein kinase B) and extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) were strongly activated in As-transformed p53lowHBECs. Stable expression of microRNA 200b in As-transformed p53lowHBECs abolished Akt and Erk1/2 activation and completely suppressed cell migration and invasion. Pharmacological inactivation of Akt but not Erk1/2 significantly decreased cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of Akt reduced the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–inducing transcription factors zinc-finger E-box–binding homeobox factor 1 (ZEB1) and ZEB2. siRNA knockdown of ZEB1 and ZEB2 impaired As-transformed p53lowHBEC migration and invasion.Conclusions: Akt activation plays a critical role in enabling As-transformed HBEC migration and invasion by promoting ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression.
EFFECT OF PREGNANCY UPON THE IMMUNITY OF MICE VACCINATED AGAINST ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS
Authors: Horace L. Hodes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. Virgin and pregnant Swiss mice are equally susceptible to intracerebral inoculation of St. Louis encephalitis virus. 2. Following subcutaneous vaccination with the St. Louis virus, the great majority of virgin Swiss mice become immune to subsequent intracerebral injection of 10,000 M.L.D. of the virus. 3. The majority of mice vaccinated during pregnancy do not become immune to even as little as 500 intracerebral M.L.D. of the virus. The depression of the ability to acquire immunity against the virus is most marked when the vaccination is carried out late in pregnancy, but it is also demonstrable when the mice are vaccinated early in the gestation period and during the first 2 weeks postpartum. At 7 weeks postpartum the response to vaccination is more nearly like that of virgin mice. 4. Pregnancy not only interferes with the development of acquired immunity but it also diminishes a previously established immunity. 5. Offspring of the mice vaccinated during pregnancy are not immune to 100 M.L.D. of virus.
MERCURIC CHLORIDE POISONING WITH RECOVERY FOLLOWING THE USE OF SODIUM THIOSULPHATE
Authors: Howard E. Marchbanks
Journal: JAMA (1931)

As one goes through the literature on mercuric chloride poisoning, one is struck with the comparatively few patients who have survived massive doses of the drug. For this reason we report this case because in some respects, which will be brought out, we believe it to be unique.  The literature is so vast that to attempt to review it would be beyond the scope of our intentions. However, in preparing this report, we have scanned the literature on the subject and find few, if any, cases reported in which the patient has taken as large an amount of the poison and retained it as long as our patient did and recovered.  Hayman and Priestly1reported a case in which the blood urea nitrogen reached 247 mg. on the nineteenth day of treatment and on infusion of physiologic solution of sodium chloride the urea nitrogen was reduced to 83 mg.
753 COMPUTER AIDED DIFFERENTIATION MODEL FOR AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF FOCAL LIVER LESIONS BASED ON CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY (CEUS) TIME INTENSITY CURVE (TIC) ANALYSIS
Authors: C.T. Streba, L. Sandulescu, C.C. Vere, L. Streba, I. Rogoveanu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)