tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxidized low-density lipoproteins bind to the scavenger receptor, CD36, of hepatic stellate cells and stimulate extracellular matrix synthesis
Authors: Wilhelm Schneiderhan, Alexandra Schmid-Kotsas, Jinshun Zhao, Adolf Grünert, Andreas Nüssler, Hans Weidenbach, Andre Menke, Roland M. Schmid, Guido Adler, Max G. Bachem
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Cumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress resulting in lipid peroxidation and protein modification is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver injury and fibrogenesis. We investigated the effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) on collagen and fibronectin synthesis of cultured human and rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC). As shown on protein and mRNA levels, oxLDL dose-dependently stimulated the synthesis of collagen types I and III and fibronectin of cultured HSC. The effect was biphasic, with a maximum between 5 and 25 μg/mL oxLDL (c-fibronectin concentration in HSC supernatants increased 3.9-fold; collagen type I increased 4-fold). Higher oxLDL concentrations were cytotoxic. LDL modified with malondialdehyde (MDA) was not toxic, but stimulated extracellular matrix synthesis as well. As demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy (double staining of CD36 and iso-α-smooth muscle actin [iso-α-sm actin]), immunoblot, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively, cultured human HSC express the oxLDL receptor, CD36 (glycoprotein IIIb). Colocalization of CD36 and iso-α-sm actin on sinusoidal lining cells was further demonstrated using sections of human fibrotic liver. Preincubation of cultured human HSC with the monoclonal antibody, OKM5, known to block CD36-mediated oxLDL uptake, resulted in a reduction of the oxLDL-stimulated collagen type I synthesis by 56%. In summary, our results demonstrate that low concentrations of modified lipoproteins (oxLDL and MDA-LDL) represent fibrogenic mediators that bind to CD36 and stimulate matrix synthesis of HSC.
The Influence of Age in the Causation of Skin-Disease
Authors: B. Squire
Journal: BMJ (1873)

School leavers and young adults who are severely physically disabled pose particular problems for habilitation and rehabilitation. A local authority unit, the Fourways Assessment Centre, has been providing a comprehensive service to this group of people for the past 10 years. Rather than operating as an independent self contained unit it has been closely integrated with the local authority social services and educational services.
Cigarette smoking and ethane exhalation in humans.
Authors: M P Habib, N C Clements, H S Garewal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The time course of exhaled ethane gas was determined in the alveolar expirate of healthy, fasting smokers and nonsmokers after smoking a cigarette. Baseline ethane was measured by gas chromatography and corrected for background ethane after a 2-min washout using purified air. Ethane was measured immediately after smoking and hourly thereafter. Ethane was highest immediately after smoking, reflecting ethane in cigarette smoke. An exponential decline of ethane in smokers returned ethane to baseline within 3 h. Ethane in nonsmokers also peaked immediately after smoking but returned to baseline by 1 h. Ethane from smokers, measured 3 h after the last cigarette, was compared with ethane from healthy ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Mean (+/- SEM) baseline ethane in smokers was 2.90 +/- 0.52 pmol/min/kg, 1.55 +/- 0.36 pmol/min/kg in ex-smokers and 1.11 +/- 0.26 pmol/min/kg in nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Ethane in two smokers measured before and after a week of oral beta carotene supplementation (60 mg/d) fell by 80 and 35%. We conclude that cigarette smokers have increased baseline ethane in exhaled breath compared with non-smokers. Trials with antioxidant agents are warranted to assess their ability to reduce expired ethane levels.
Prednisolone Priming Enhances Th1 Response and Efficacy of Subsequent Lamivudine Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw, Sun-Lung Tsai, Rong-Nan Chien, Chau-Ting Yeh, Chia-Ming Chu
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Asian lamivudine trial has shown that hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion rate during 1 year of lamivudine therapy was only 16% but was 64% in the subgroup of patients with a pretherapy serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level over 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). To test whether ALT rebound following corticosteroid priming enhances response to lamivudine therapy, a pilot study was conducted in 30 patients with ALT levels less than 5× ULN (43-169; N &lt; 36 U/L). They received 30 mg of prednisolone daily for 3 weeks, 15 mg daily for 1 week, no treatment for 2 weeks, and then 150 mg of lamivudine daily for 9 months. Complete response (CR) was defined as ALT normalization with HBV-DNA seroclearance and HBeAg seroconversion. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in response to recombinant HBV core antigen were serially assayed in 7 patients during priming and after withdrawal of prednisolone. Clinical rebound with an ALT over 5× ULN was observed in 20 patients (67%). Of these 20, 12 (60%) showed CR as compared with 1 (10%) of the 10 patients without significant ALT rebound ( P &lt; .002). The HBeAg seroconversion sustained in 70% of the patients 3 to 6 months after the end of lamivudine therapy. Immunological assays revealed that the responders showed Th1 dominant response and higher stimulation index to prednisolone priming. No serious side effect was encountered. These results suggest that corticosteroid priming induced immune/ALT rebound greatly enhances response to lamivudine therapy in chronic hepatitis B. Confirmation by randomized controlled trial is needed.
Ectopic Pregnancy After Sterilization
Authors: Frank DeStefano, Herbert B. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Glebatis and Janerich,<sup>1</sup>"Ectopic Pregnancies in Upstate New York," and the accompanying editorial by Eschenbach and Daling<sup>2</sup>suggest that tubal sterilization may increase a woman's risk of ectopic pregnancy and that the increase in tubal sterilization procedures has contributed to the increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy. Since more than 8% of reproductiveage women in the United States have had a tubal sterilization procedure, such an association would be of important public health concern. Although it is true that a large proportion (5% to 50% ) of pregnancies after tubal sterilization are ectopic gestations, pregnancy after sterilization surgery occurs so infrequently (approximately five per 1,000 women) that it is unlikely that the increase in popularity of tubal sterilization has contributed to the increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy. Using data from several large studies of contraceptive practices and ectopic pregnancy risk, including a multi-center prospective
Arteriovenous Aneurysm of the Great Vessels of the Neck
Authors: Phillips L. Boyd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

ARTERIOVENOUS aneurysms and fistulas are lesions of comparative rarity, even in wartime. The incidence of these vascular injuries in this general hospital in the European Theater of Operations has been 1 in every 500 admissions. All the cases except the one reported herein occurred in the vessels of an extremity.The problems of diagnosis and of the determination of adequate collateral circulation prior to surgical intervention have been well covered by Lewis and Drury,1 Wise,2 Waugh,3 Pemberton and Black4 and King.5 The following case of arteriovenous aneurysm involving the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vessels is reported because of . . .
Joseph Skoda 1805-81: a centenary tribute to a pioneer of thoracic medicine.
Authors: A Sakula
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Joseph Skoda was born on 5 December 1805 in Pilsen, Bohemia, and studied medicine in Vienna, where he became professor of medicine in 1846. His clinical researches into cardiopulmonary disease at the Allgemeine Krankenhaus were complementary to the pathological anatomical studies carried out there by Karl von Rokitansky. Skoda had been stimulated by the pioneer work on percussin and auscultation of the Paris school of medicine, but his own researches simplified the classification of physical signs taught by the French masters, Laënnec and Piorry. Skoda9s findings were collected in his magnum opus, Abhandlung über Perkussion und Auskultation (1839), in which he described his famous eponymous physical sign, "Skodaic resonance." Skoda was sceptical of the medical treatment then available and was labelled a "therapeutic nihilist." Together with Rokitansky, he helped to make Vienna, for a time, the focal point of medical teaching in Europe. He died on 13 June 1881.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be extended to more than 35 minutes for children, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Two-phase II randomised studies have shown a significant benefit of local consolidation therapy in oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This phase III randomised controlled trial (RCT) will evaluate the efficacy of local consolidation radiation therapy (RT) in oligometastases (OM) NSCLC after completion of initial systemic therapy. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> This is a single-centre phase III RCT of OM NSCLC patients. One hundred and ninety patients will undergo 1:1 randomisation to either standard maintenance therapy (control arm) or local consolidation RT and standard maintenance therapy (experimental arm). Patients will be stratified into the number of OM sites (1–2 vs 3–5), nodal metastases (N0–N1 vs N2–N3) and presence or absence of brain metastases. Stereotactic body radiation therapy to all the oligometastatic sites and definitive RT to primary disease will be given in the experimental arm. The primary endpoint is overall survival and secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, local control of OM sites, new distant metastases free survival, objective response rate, toxicity and quality of life. Translation endpoint include circulating tumour cells and radiomics using texture analysis. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> All patients will be provided with a written informed consent form which needs to be signed before randomisation. The study is approved by the institutional ethics committee-II (project number 3445) and registered with Clinical Trials Registry—India, dated 21 April 2020. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> CTRI/2020/04/024761; Pre-Results.
The Identification of Metabolic Errors Associated With Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Virgil F. Fairbanks
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Hemolytic anemia or potentially hemolytic disorders due to metabolic errors of the erythrocyte are being recognized with increasing frequency. These disorders are characterized either by congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia or by drug-inducible hemolysis. For identification of such disorders, most clinical laboratories will find it expedient to depend primarily on simple, specific screening tests which usually permit a precise etiologic diagnosis to be established as reliably as, and more economically than, by more tedious quantitative assays. The specific screening tests can be satisfactorily performed in laboratories with limited facilities. A test for peroxidative denaturation of hemoglobin is very sensitive, but nonspecific, and may be useful in screening for a variety of metabolic defects and for some of the unstable hemoglobinopathies. In unexplained cases of congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, a thermolability test should be performed for unstable hemoglobin.
Evidence for the participation of the stimulated sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of carnitine blood levels of soccer players during a game
Authors: Kleopatra H. Schulpis, Theodore Parthimos, Evangelos D. Papakonstantinou, Theodore Tsakiris, Nickolaos Parthimos, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Stylianos Tsakiris
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Report clarifies who is responsible for obesity services in England
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A joint report has set out who should be responsible for commissioning obesity services in England, so as to reduce variation in access to weight management services and bariatric surgery.1

NHS England and Public Health England set up a working group in response to feedback from local stakeholders, the public, and the media that in some areas of the country no organisations were commissioning multidisciplinary team interventions known as tier 3 services.2

A tier 3 obesity service is usually for people with a body mass index ≥35 with …
Acute Renal Insufficiency Complicated by Severe Hypoxia
Authors: Raymond H. Watten, Paul D. Doolan, Maxine E. Hutghin, Robert O. Canada, Harold A. Harper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

ACUTE renal insufficiency is a syndrome in which the ultimate clinical manifestations depend on such varied factors as the nature of the precipitating event, the duration of the phase of renal excretory inadequacy, the presence or absence of complicating conditions, the duration and intensity of the catabolic response and the over-all wisdom of the therapeutic program. The case presented below illustrates well the absolute importance of these variables. Furthermore, it provided valuable data for a study of the changes in blood oxygen content during hemodialysis.MethodsDialyses were performed with the Kolff–Merrill type of artificial kidney.1 The blood urea nitrogen . . .
Analysis of CD16+CD56dim NK cells from CLL patients: evidence supporting a therapeutic strategy with optimized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: M Le Garff-Tavernier, J Decocq, C de Romeuf, C Parizot, C A Dutertre, E Chapiro, F Davi, P Debré, J F Prost, J L Teillaud, H Merle-Beral, V Vieillard
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by mutant P450 oxidoreductase and human androgen synthesis: analytical study
Authors: Wiebke Arlt, Elizabeth A Walker, Nicole Draper, Hannah E Ivison, Jon P Ride, Fabian Hammer, Susan M Chalder, Maria Borucka-Mankiewicz, Berthold P Hauffa, Ewa M Malunowicz, Paul M Stewart, Cedric HL Shackleton
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Abstract P6-08-09: Overcoming Breast Cancer: The Importance of Connecting with Fellow Survivors
Authors: C Geoghegan, B Whitman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Y-ME National Breast Cancer's Organization, founded in 1978, is not-for-profit organization with a mission to “To assure through information, empowerment, and peer support, that no one faces breast cancer alone.” Each year, Y-ME's 24×7×365 Breast Cancer Hotline receives approximately 40,000 contacts. Callers to Y-ME's toll-free Hotline are referred by clinicians, community groups and global cancer organizations that recognize the importance of providing emotional relief to patients and their loved ones. Trained and certified peer counselors, all breast cancer survivors, staff the hotline. Callers can speak to a Spanish or English speaking peer counselor or have an interpreter in any of over 150 languages added to the line. An online survey conducted by Whitman Insight Strategies on behalf of the Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization was conducted to better understand the psychosocial needs of breast cancer patients and survivors. Surveys were conducted on April 3–5, 2012, among 400 breast cancer patients and survivors 18 years of age and older across the United States. The margin of error for total sample is ±4.9% at the 95% confidence interval. Respondents received an email invite to participate in a short online survey; their emails were selected at random among online market research panelists who had previously indicated that they have or had breast cancer. The results indicate that talking to a breast cancer survivor can be instrumental in overcoming breast cancer: 84% of breast cancer patients and survivors say this is one of the most important ways of coping with breast cancer and 68% wish that they could have been connected to other survivors. Access to a 24×7×365 hotline, where breast cancer survivors provide emotional support and practical advice, is considered important by virtually all women surveyed (95%)–73% think this is “extremely” or “very” important. Unfortunately, although Y-ME provides such a hotline; however, awareness of it is extremely low (14%). We encourage all healthcare providers to encourage patients to reach our to Y-ME by calling 800–221-2141 and time of the day or night. Those who had another survivor to talk were asked to select among a number of relevant responses to the question: What did talking to another breast cancer patient/survivor provide you with? The following table provides the proportion that selected each response. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-09.
Children’s hospital under pressure to end “grotesque” ties with McDonald’s
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Public health and cancer groups have called on a leading children’s hospital in Australia to end its long standing association with the fast food chain McDonald’s.

And an expert in food policy in the United Kingdom has also called on UK hospitals not to play host to fast food outlets. 

The Royal Children’s Hospital in Melbourne is developing plans for its relocation in 2011, when the lease for the McDonald’s outlet in the hospital will also expire.

Some staff are urging the hospital board to ban fast food outlets, including McDonald’s, from the new development.

Mike South, a senior …
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF RILEY VIRUS
Authors: B. W. J. Mahy, K. E. K. Rowson, C. W. Parr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The plasma clearance of intravenously injected rabbit muscle LDH was studied. In normal mice the clearance followed a biphasic exponential curve comprising an initial fast and subsequent slow phase. Riley virus-infected mice showed only the slow phase of enzyme clearance. The change from fast to slow clearance rate in normal mice appeared to depend upon the level of plasma enzyme activity rather than on the amount of enzyme cleared. Treatment of mice with RES-blocking agents (cholesterol oleate and carbon) inhibited the fast clearance phase, whereas an RES-stimulating agent (stilbestrol) caused an accelerated rate of enzyme clearance. Riley virus infection was found to inhibit the clearance of phosphoglucose isomerase, but had no effect on the clearance of alanine transaminase. The activity of the former enzyme is raised in the plasma of infected mice, whereas the activity of the latter enzyme is unaltered.
Prognostic Considerations in Primary Isolated Insufficiency of the Pulmonic Valve
Authors: Robert G. Fish, Timothy Takaro, Thomas Crymes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

RAPID advances in surgery have made an understanding of the significance of any potentially correctable valvular defect as important as the ability to establish an exact diagnosis. As an isolated abnormality, incompetence of the pulmonic valve is rare. So few proved and adequately studied cases have been reported1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 that it is difficult to draw conclusions regarding the natural course of this lesion. It has not been shown that uncomplicated pulmonic-valve regurgitation leads to failure of the right side of the heart. The degree to which this valvular lesion modifies the prognosis of complicating cardiopulmonary lesions is not certain. Major stress . . .
Graduate Medical Education, 2010-2011
Authors: Sarah E. Brotherton, Sylvia I. Etzel
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A NEW 3D ECHO-BASED STRAIN METHOD TO EVALUATE CARDIAC MECHANICS: VALIDATION AGAINST SONOMICROMETRY
Authors: David J. Sahn, Muhammad Ashraf, Amanda Barr, Manali Paralkar, Daniella Ohnemus, Simone Prather, Rebecca Luoh, Helene Houle, Jill Panosian, Aarti Jayaraman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Alteration in flow (shear stress)-induced remodelling in rat resistance arteries with aging: improvement by a treatment with hydralazine
Authors: O. Dumont, F. Pinaud, A.-L. Guihot, C. Baufreton, L. Loufrani, D. Henrion
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The link between aging and vascular diseases remains unclear, especially in resistance arteries. As a decreased vasodilator capacity of the endothelium is usually described in aging, we hypothesized that arteriolar remodelling in response to a chronic increase in blood flow might be altered. In addition, we tested the capacity of a vasodilator treatment with hydralazine to restore remodelling, as we have previously shown that hydralazine has a potent effect on the process.Mesenteric resistance arteries (350 microm diameter) from 3- and 24-month-old rats were exposed to high blood flow (HF) and normal blood flow (NF), for 2 weeks by sequential ligating second-order arteries in vivo. In HF arteries, diameter increased by 21% when intraluminal pressure was 100 mmHg, in association with a rise in superoxide production in young rats. On the other hand, both diameter and superoxide levels failed to increase in old rats. Hydralazine restored HF-induced remodelling in old rats in association with an increased superoxide production and a decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression. The SOD-mimetic 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinoxyl (TEMPOL) prevented the effect of hydralazine on the arterial diameter. In old rats, hydralazine increased the arterial diameter in HF arteries without increasing eNOS expression. Furthermore, hydralazine also restored HF remodelling in eNOS knockout mice.Thus, flow remodelling in resistance arteries failed to occur in aging but it could be restored by hydralazine via a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism. These findings may have serious pathophysiological consequences in situations requiring flow-dependent remodelling such as ischaemic and metabolic diseases, more frequent in the elderly.
The Spinal Cord: Basic Aspects and Surgical Considerations
Authors: Franklin C. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Under one cover this book includes much of what is known and what interests those dealing with the spinal cord. The new sections on neurochemistry and the measurement of blood flow are especially helpful, for they relate to the spinal cord these rapidly expanding areas in brain research. The section on neurochemistry provides much useful background information on neurotransmitters while discussing cogently current relevant research. The chapters on anterior spinal fusion by Cloward and percutaneous cordotomy by Rosomoff should enable neurosurgeons to include these two procedures in their surgical armamentarium if they have not already done so. The neuroanatomy of the cord is presented in a traditional manner and little new information is mentioned. The section devoted to the surgical care of patients with spinal injuries, tumors, and disk herniations discusses most problems ordinarily encountered. The fact that the author of this section (the editor) uses case reports to illustrate