tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Cells Expressing Clara Cell Secretory Protein Increase Epithelial Repair After Ablation of Pulmonary Clara Cells
Authors: Martha L Bustos, Marco Mura, Paula Marcus, David Hwang, Olga Ludkovski, Amy P Wong, Thomas K Waddell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

We have previously reported a subpopulation of bone marrow cells (BMC) that express Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP), generally felt to be specific to lung Clara cells. Ablation of lung Clara cells has been reported using a transgenic mouse that expresses thymidine kinase under control of the CCSP promoter. Treatment with ganciclovir results in permanent elimination of CCSP(+) cells, failure of airway regeneration, and death. To determine if transtracheal delivery of wild-type bone marrow CCSP(+) cells is beneficial after ablation of lung CCSP(+) cells, transgenic mice were treated with ganciclovir followed by transtracheal administration of CCSP(+) or CCSP(-) BMC. Compared with mice administered CCSP(-) cells, mice treated with CCSP(+) cells had more donor cells lining the airway epithelium, where they expressed epithelial markers including CCSP. Although donor CCSP(+) cells did not substantially repopulate the airway, their administration resulted in increased host ciliated cells, better preservation of airway epithelium, reduction of inflammatory cells, and an increase in animal survival time. Administration of CCSP(+) BMC is beneficial after permanent ablation of lung Clara cells by increasing bronchial epithelial repair. Therefore, CCSP(+) BMC could be important for treatment of lung diseases where airways re-epithelialization is compromised.
The normal spectrum of mitral and aortic valve discontinuity.
Authors: G C Rosenquist, E B Clark, L J Sweeney, H A McAllister
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The relationship of the base of the left and noncoronary sinuses of the aortic valve and the adjacent aortic leaflet of the mitral valve was studied in 106 normal heart specimens and 184 specimens with isolated VSD. The results show a spectrum of persistence of the tissue along the inner curvature of the heart. This may help settle the recent controversy in the interpretation of echocardiograms of this area because the recorded mitral-aortic discontinuity may be due to this spectrum rather than to variations in technique.
Glycemic thresholds for activation of glucose counterregulatory systems are higher than the threshold for symptoms.
Authors: N S Schwartz, W E Clutter, S D Shah, P E Cryer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

To define glycemic thresholds for activation of glucose counterregulatory systems and for symptoms of hypoglycemia, we measured these during stepped reductions in the plasma glucose concentration (in six 10-mg/dl hourly steps) from 90 to 40 mg/dl under hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions, and compared these with the same measurements during euglycemia (90 mg/dl) under the same conditions over 6 h in 10 normal humans. Arterialized venous plasma glucose concentrations were used to calculate glycemic thresholds of 69 +/- 2 mg/dl for epinephrine secretion, 68 +/- 2 mg/dl for glucagon secretion, 66 +/- 2 mg/dl for growth hormone secretion, and 58 +/- 3 mg/dl for cortisol secretion. In contrast, the glycemic threshold for symptoms was 53 +/- 2 mg/dl, significantly lower than the thresholds for epinephrine (P less than 0.001), glucagon (P less than 0.001), and growth hormone (P less than 0.01) secretion. Thus, the glycemic thresholds for activation of glucose counterregulatory systems during decrements in plasma glucose lie within or just below the physiologic plasma glucose concentration range, and are substantially higher than the threshold for hypoglycemic symptoms in normal humans. These findings provide further support for the concept that glucose counterregulatory systems are involved in the prevention, as well as the correction, of hypoglycemia.
An idiotypic marker associated with a germ-line encoded kappa light chain variable region that predominates the vaccine-induced human antibody response to the Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide.
Authors: A H Lucas, R J Langley, D M Granoff, M H Nahm, M Y Kitamura, M G Scott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Human antibodies specific for the Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide (Hib PS) frequently express a cross-reactive idiotype (CRI), and commonly utilize a VL region that is the product of the V kappa II gene A2. To examine further anti-Hib PS V region expression and to determine whether CRI expression is correlated with the V kappa IIA2 chain, we isolated a monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with an idiotypic determinant of anti-Hib PS antibodies. This MAb inhibited Hib PS binding but did not react with Ig isotypic determinants. The CRI recognized by this MAb, designated HibId-1, was associated with the Hib PS-combining site since the reactivity of the MAb with anti-Hib PS antibodies could be inhibited by Hib PS. HibId-1 was expressed by 17 of 17 clonally purified and sequence-defined anti-Hib PS antibodies having V kappa IIA2 L chains. In contrast, 0 of 10 anti-Hib PS antibodies having either V lambda, V kappa I, or V kappa III chains expressed HibId-1. Western blot analysis showed that the MAb anti-CRI reacted with isolated anti-Hib PS V kappa IIA2 L chains but not with H chains or other L chains, indicating that the HibId-1 determinant is localized to the V kappa IIA2 chain, and does not require pairing with H chain for expression. Anti-Hib PS antibodies bearing HibId-1 were present in at least 85% of subjects immunized with either free Hib PS or Hib PS coupled to diphtheria toxoid (Hib PS-DT), and comprised on the average 60% of the total vaccine-induced serum anti-Hib PS. HibId-1 expression was not related to age at vaccination inasmuch as infants, children, and adults had similar distributions of HibId-1-positive anti-Hib PS after vaccination with Hib PS-DT. HibId-1 was expressed at a lower frequency and comprised a smaller fraction of the total anti-Hib PS antibody in adult preimmunization sera as compared to post-Hib PS immunization sera, suggesting that immunization preferentially stimulates HibId-1-positive B cells. These data demonstrate that antibodies bearing HibId-1/V kappa IIA2 comprise a predominant component of the anti-Hib PS response induced by immunization, and that this pattern of VL expression is established early in ontogeny.
Induced Reactivity of Intestinal CD4+ T Cells with an Epithelial Cell Lectin, Galectin-4, Contributes to Exacerbation of Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Akira Hokama, Emiko Mizoguchi, Ken Sugimoto, Yasuyo Shimomura, Yosuke Tanaka, Masaru Yoshida, Svend T Rietdijk, Ype P de Jong, Scott B Snapper, Cox Terhorst, Richard S Blumberg, Atsushi Mizoguchi
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Defective granulocyte chemotaxis in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Authors: Robert A. Clark, Harry R. Kimball
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

In vivo and in vitro studies of granulocyte chemotaxis were performed in three patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Rebuck skin windows showed a decreased accumulation of leukocytes at an inflammatory site. Studies in Boyden chambers documented a cellular defect in granulocyte chemotaxis. The chemotactic response of Chediak-Higashi cells by this technique averaged approximately 40% of normal and was consistently reduced using several different chemotactic stimuli. This deficit was magnified by shortening the chamber incubation time or by decreasing the pore size of the micropore filter and was independent of granulocytopenia. No abnormalities of passive motility, adhesiveness, viability, or pH optimum for migration were found in these cells. Chediak-Higashi serum contained no inhibitors of chemotaxis and was capable of generating normal amounts of chemotactic factors with the exception of one patient with the accelerated phase of the disease. Heterozygotes for the Chediak-Higashi trait had normal chemotactic function. This cellular defect in chemotaxis may contribute to the marked susceptibility to pyogenic infections which is so characteristic of patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Trial by Self-Assessment
Authors: John F. Burnum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

On Being a Doctor1 January 1997Trial by Self-AssessmentJohn F. Burnum, MDJohn F. Burnum, MDTuscaloosa, AL 35401.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail June 30, 1995. At home in my study.I am taking the day off from practice to beat the deadline. In a final spasm of work, I have just completed and prepared for mailing my answer sheets for the final section of the formidable triennial self-assessment program offered by my professional society. For me and several thousand of my fellow internists, the nightmare from school days has come true once again: Turn in your exams, ready or not, time is up. I ought to feel nothing but satisfaction and relief, but having to use one of my precious vacation days ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tuscaloosa, AL 35401.Corresponding Author: John F. Burnum, MD, 400C Bryant Drive East, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySelf-Study from Web-Based and Printed Guideline Materials A Randomized, Controlled Trial among Resident PhysiciansDouglas S. Bell, MD, Gregg C. Fonarow, MD, Ron D. Hays, PhD, and Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH 1 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 1Page: 84-85KeywordsEmotionsGenetic diseasesLibrariesLymph nodesNursesPhysical fitnessSteroidsTeaTheftVision Issue Published: 1 January 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gap junction messenger RNA expression by vascular wall cells.
Authors: D M Larson, C C Haudenschild, E C Beyer
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Gap junctions between vessel wall cells provide a pathway for the intercellular exchange of ions and small molecules. Pure cultures of microvascular and macrovascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, vascular pericytes, and several nonvascular cell lines were tested for junctional communication by fluorescent dye transfer. All of the vascular wall cells were capable of dye transfer. Since gap junctions are formed by a family of related proteins (connexins) whose unique domains may confer physiological regulatory properties, we tested total RNA from these cultures by Northern blot analysis for expression of the currently available, characterized, and cloned mammalian gap junction proteins: connexin26, connexin32, and connexin43. All of the vascular wall cells expressed connexin43 messenger RNA. Connexin43 was expressed in vascular cells from bovine, porcine, rat, and human sources. Several nonvascular cell lines of mesenchymal origin also expressed connexin43 messenger RNA. When high stringency Northern blots were used, messenger RNAs for connexin32 or connexin26 were not detected in any of the vascular wall cells but were expressed in several cell lines of epithelial origin. Freshly isolated and purified aortic endothelial and smooth muscle RNA preparations similarly contained only connexin43 messenger RNA, excluding the possibility of culture-induced alterations in gene expression. The expression of connexin43 by all vascular wall cells may provide a mechanism for the functional integration of the vessel wall by gap junctions.
Antibiotic Treatment for Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Thomas E. Johns
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent consensus report by Dr Wilson and colleagues<sup>1</sup>on the current treatment of endocarditis in adults, recommendations regarding dosing and pharmacokinetic monitoring of vancomycin hydrochloride warrants clarification and reevaluation. Development of the so-called therapeutic range for vancomycin resulted from the perceived relationship between drug concentration and toxicity. Potential ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity in relation to specific levels of vancomycin have not withstood vigorous challenges to their validity.<sup>2</sup>Similar to β-lactams, vancomycin exerts its bactericidal actions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, a process that is relatively independent of concentration. Consequently, drug concentrations exceeding four to five times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are not necessary; instead, maintaining drug concentrations above the MIC of the organism for the entire dosing interval is desired. The current recommendation by Wilson and colleagues requires therapeutic vancomycin peak concentrations of 30 to 45 μg/mL for twice-daily dosing. In clinical
Randomised controlled trial of enalapril and blockers in non- diabetic chronic renal failure
Authors: T Hannedouche, P Landais, B Goldfarb, N E. Esper, A Fournier, M Godin, D Durand, J Chanard, F Mignon, J-M Suc, J-P Grunfeld
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare the ability of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and β blockers to slow the development of end stage renal failure in non-diabetic patients with chronic renal failure. <b>Design</b>: Open randomised multicentre trial with three year follow up. <b>Setting</b>: Outpatient departments of six French hospitals. <b>Patients</b>: 100 hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure (initial serum creatinine 200-400 μmol/l). 52 randomised to enalapril and 48 to β blockers (conventional treatment). <b>Interventions</b>: Enalapril or β blocker was combined with frusemide and, if necessary, a calcium blocker or centrally acting drug in patients whose diastolic pressure remained above 90 mm Hg. <b>Results</b>: 17 patients receiving conventional treatment and 10 receiving enalapril developed end stage renal failure. The cumulative renal survival rate was significantly better in the enalapril group than in the conventional group (P&lt;0.05). The slope of the reciprocal serum creatinine concentration was steeper in the conventionally treated patients (- 6.89x10<sup>-5</sup>l/μmol/month) than in the enalapril group (-4.17x10<sup>-5</sup>l/μmol/month; P&lt;0.05). No difference in blood pressure was found between groups. <b>Conclusion</b>: In hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure enalapril slows progression towards end stage renal failure compared with β blockers. This effect was probably not mediated through controlling blood pressure.
Continuous Estrogen Treatment in Women
Authors: Winifred Liu
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  In current medical and lay literature, a number of authors have expressed opinions on the necessity for continuous estrogen treatment in women. Some believe that for physiological and cosmetic reasons every woman should receive routine estrogen therapy throughout life and not only at menopause or when clinically indicated. Pleas have been made for adequate estrogen therapy from puberty to grave and plans have been described for administration of these drugs. 1 Hormones were to be administered to all aging women in a cyclic manner so that withdrawal bleeding would occur regularly. The menopause would thus be eliminated and femininity would be preserved.  On the heel of these publications a pharmaceutical company responded with an energetic sales promotion to acquaint physicians with their hormone products. Working regimens were outlined for cyclic replacement therapy. 2 Dosage level of estrogens was to be guided by the type of exfoliated cells
Novel Peptide Reverses Obesity and Diabetes in Rodents
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Remarks on THE DEFICIENCY ANAEMIAS OF CHILDHOOD
Authors: L. G. Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1933)

MtcA TouTRNL cursors in the erythropoietic centres but that together Remarks they form one tissue-the erythron-is due to Boycott ON and has been developed by Witts.THE DEFICIENCY ANAEMIAS OF | The erythron consists of the reticulo-endothelial cells of the marrow, and extramedullary centres, megaloblasts, CHILDHOOD* erythroblasts (early and late), normoblasts, reticulocytes, BY and erythrocytes.This terminology (Sabin's) differs slightly from that of other writers, since they use ery'thro-
Pressure Control During Preparation of Saphenous Veins
Authors: Fan Dong Li, Susan Eagle, Colleen Brophy, Kyle M. Hocking, Michael Osgood, Padmini Komalavilas, Joyce Cheung-Flynn
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Long-term patency of human saphenous veins (HSVs) used as autologous conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures remains limited because of vein graft failure (VGF). Vein graft failure has been reported to be as high as 45% at 12 to 18 months after surgery and leads to additional surgery, myocardial infarction, recurrent angina, and death. Preparation of HSVs before implantation leads to conduit injury, which may promote VGF.To investigate whether pressure distension during vein graft preparation leads to endothelial injury and intimal thickening and whether limiting intraluminal pressure during pressure distension by using a pressure release valve (PRV) preserves endothelial function and prevents neointima thickening.Segments of HSVs were collected in a university hospital from 13 patients undergoing CABG procedures immediately after harvest (unmanipulated [UM]), after pressure distension (after distension [AD]), and after typical intraoperative surgical graft preparation (after manipulation [AM]). Porcine saphenous veins (PSVs) from 7 healthy research animals were subjected to manual pressure distension with or without an in-line PRV that prevents pressures of 140 mm Hg or greater. Endothelial function of the HSVs and PSVs was determined in a muscle bath, endothelial integrity was assessed, and intimal thickening in PSVs was evaluated after 14 days in organ culture.Endothelial function was measured in force, converted to stress, and defined as the percentage relaxation of maximal phenylephrine-induced contraction. Endothelial integrity was assessed by immunohistologic examination. Neointimal thickness was measured by histomorphometric analysis.Pressure distension of HSVs led to decreased mean (SEM) endothelial-dependent relaxation (5.3% [2.3%] for AD patients vs 13.7% [2.5%] for UM patients; P < .05) and denudation. In the AM group, the function of the conduits was further decreased (-3.2% [3.2%]; P < .05). Distension of the PSVs led to reduced endothelial-dependent relaxation (7.6% [4.4%] vs 61.9% [10.2%] in the control group; P < .05), denudation, and enhanced intimal thickening (15.0 [1.4] µm vs 2.2 [0.8] µm in the control group; P < .05). Distension with the PRV preserved endothelial-dependent relaxation (50.3% [9.6%]; P = .32 vs control), prevented denudation, and reduced intimal thickening (3.4 [0.8] µm; P = .56 vs controls) in PSVs.Use of a PRV during graft preparation limits intraluminal pressure generated by manual distension, preserves endothelial integrity, and reduces intimal hyperplasia. Integration of this simple device may contribute to improved long-term vein graft patency.
Abstract 3135: Segregation of non-R132H mutations in <i>IDH1</i> in distinct molecular subtypes of glioma
Authors: Linda B. Bralten, Lonneke AM Gravendeel, Nanne K. Kloosterhof, Ronald van Marion, Hendrikus J. Dubbink, Winand Dinjens, Fonnet E. Bleeker, Casper C. Hoogenraad, Erna Michiels, Johan M. Kros, Martin van den Bent, Peter AE Sillevis Smitt, Pim J. French
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mutations in the gene encoding the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IDH1) occur at a high frequency (up to 80%) in many different subtypes of glioma. In this study, we have screened for IDH1 mutations in a cohort of 496 gliomas. IDH1 mutations were most frequently observed in low grade gliomas with 395G&amp;gt;A (R132H) representing &amp;gt;90% of all IDH1 mutations. Interestingly, non-R132H mutations segregate in distinct histological and molecular subtypes of glioma. Histologically, they occur sporadically in classic oligodendrogliomas and at significantly higher frequency in other grade II and III gliomas. Genetically, non-R132H mutations occur in tumors with TP53 mutation, are virtually absent in tumors with loss of heterozygosity on 1p and 19q and accumulate in distinct (gene-expression profiling based) intrinsic molecular subtypes. The IDH1 mutation type does not affect patient survival. Our results were validated on an independent sample cohort, indicating that the IDH1 mutation spectrum may aid glioma subtype classification. Functional differences between R132H and non-R132H mutated IDH1 may explain the segregation in distinct glioma subtypes. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3135.
Influence of body fat distribution on free fatty acid metabolism in obesity.
Authors: M D Jensen, M W Haymond, R A Rizza, P E Cryer, J M Miles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

In order to determine whether differences in body fat distribution result in specific abnormalities of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism, palmitate turnover, a measure of systemic adipose tissue lipolysis, was measured in 10 women with upper body obesity, 9 women with lower body obesity, and 8 nonobese women under overnight postabsorptive (basal), epinephrine stimulated and insulin suppressed conditions. Results: Upper body obese women had greater (P less than 0.005) basal palmitate turnover than lower body obese or nonobese women (2.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2 mumol.kg lean body mass (LBM)-1.min-1, respectively), but a reduced (P less than 0.05) net lipolytic response to epinephrine (59 +/- 7 vs. 79 +/- 5 vs. 81 +/- 7 mumol palmitate/kg LBM, respectively). Both types of obesity were associated with impaired suppression of FFA turnover in response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia compared to nonobese women (P less than 0.005). These specific differences in FFA metabolism may reflect adipocyte heterogeneity, which may in turn affect the metabolic aberrations associated with different types of obesity. These findings emphasize the need to characterize obese subjects before studies.
Accidental administration of ergometrine to newborn infant.
Authors: S K Pandey, C I Haines
Journal: BMJ (1982)

tion, would facilitate the swallowing of air into the stomach.This may have been further exacerbated by the use of both a tight-fitting oxygen mask in the ambulance and a nebuliser on arrival at hospital.'Watts HD.Lesions brought on by vomiting: the effect of hiatus hernia on the site of injury.