tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mutations in human cause limb and cardiac malformation in Holt-Oram syndrome
Authors: Craig T. Basson, David R. Bachinsky, Robert C. Lin, Tatjana Levi, Jacob A. Elkins, Johann Soults, David Grayzel, Elena Kroumpouzou, Thomas A. Traill, Janine Leblanc-Straceski, Beatrice Renault, Raju Kucherlapati, Seidman J.G, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY CENTER: CONTEMPORARY MULTIDISCIPLINARY GUIDELINE-BASED EXPERIENCE
Authors: Anushree Agarwal, Rayan Yousefzai, Chi Cho, Kambiz Shetabi, M. Fuad Jan, Michelle Bush, Bijoy Khandheria, Timothy Paterick, Paul Werner, Tanvir Bajwa, Suhail Allaqaband, A. Jamil Tajik, Aurora Cardiovasc Svcs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A comparison of short- and long-term outcomes after off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery with sternotomy
Authors: Michael J. Racz, Edward L. Hannan, O.Wayne Isom, Valavanur A. Subramanian, Robert H. Jones, Jeffrey P. Gold, Thomas J. Ryan, Alan Hartman, Alfred T. Culliford, Edward Bennett, Robert A. Lancey, Eric A. Rose
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Impaired fasting glucose: how low should it go?
Authors: J E Shaw, P Z Zimmet, A M Hodge, M de Courten, G K Dowse, P Chitson, J Tuomilehto, K G Alberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) has been recently introduced as a stage of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, but the evidence on which its glucose limits (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] 6.1-6.9 mmol/l) are based is not strong. The aim of this study was to determine if 6.1 mmol/l represents a clear cutoff in terms of the risk of future diabetes and in terms of elevated cardiovascular risk factor levels, and to examine the use of other lower limits of IFG. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A population-based survey of the island of Mauritius was undertaken in 1987, with a follow-up survey 5 years later. On both occasions, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. RESULTS: Data were available from 4,721 nondiabetic people at baseline, and from 3,542 at follow-up. At baseline, blood pressure, lipids, and obesity increased in a linear fashion with increasing FPG, with no evidence of a threshold effect. The risk of developing hypertension at follow-up was greater for those people with baseline FPG &amp;gt; or =6.1 mmol/l (P&amp;lt;0.001). The risk of developing diabetes at follow-up increased with increasing baseline FPG, but there was little evidence of a threshold near 6.1 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk and risk of future diabetes increase continually with increasing FPG, and there is no threshold value on which to base a definition of IFG. If a lower limit of approximately 5.8 mmol/l is used, the category defines a group more similar to the group with impaired glucose tolerance, with regard to total prevalence and the risk of subsequent diabetes.
PRIMER ON ARTHRITIS
Authors: Edwin P. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> The American Committee for the Control of Rheumatism, cooperating with the Committee on Scientific Exhibit of the American Medical Association, published the first Primer on Rheumatism in 1934. Now additions to the scientific knowledge of the rheumatic diseases necessitate a thoroughgoing revision if it is to continue to serve as an accurate introduction to the subject. One of the principal difficulties encountered by the clinician in the management of chronic arthritis has been the lack of understanding of the important points of differential diagnosis and insufficient knowledge of the pathologic and physiologic factors involved. In this discussion rheumatic fever and tuberculous arthritis have been omitted. After publication in The Journal, the Second Primer on Arthritis will be available in pamphlet form at a cost of fifteen cents. <h3>HISTORY</h3> Among the first of the disease entities of which there are any records is the syndrome of arthritis. Evidences of its ravages are to be seen
IN VIVO REQUIREMENT FOR A RADIATION-RESISTANT CELL IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: R. M. Gorczynski, R. G. Miller, R. A. Phillips
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Experiments have been done to establish whether the radiation-resistant or A cell has a specific function in the initiation of an immune response in mice to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). All previous demonstrations using accessory (A) cells have involved in vitro assays and are possibly explainable as tissue culture artifacts. If A cells are essential, it should be possible to demonstrate their requirement in vivo. Therefore we first established such conditions. Two methods were found for creating an A-cell deficiency in vivo: (a) A cells disappear gradually from the spleens of irradiated mice, presumably by migration since A-cell function was shown not to be decreased by irradiation. If 3 days elapse between irradiation and transplantation of mixtures of bone marrow and thymus cells (which provide B and T but few A cells), the usual synergistic response does not occur. Addition of large numbers of freshly irradiated spleen cells to the mixture of bone marrow and thymus completely restores the immune response. (b) Injection of 10(10) horse erythrocytes into mice suppresses A-cell activity in these mice 24 hr later; a much reduced response to SRBC is obtained when they are given at this time. The response can be partially restored if irradiated spleen cells are given with the SRBC. This observation formed the basis for a quantitative in vivo assay for A cells in which the magnitude of restoration by various suspensions of irradiated cells was used to estimate the A-cell activity of that suspension. A quantitative in vitro assay for A cells was also developed. It was essential for this assay that the total cell number, B-cell number, and T-cell number be kept constant and that only the number of A cells be allowed to vary. Only under these conditions was the response a linear function of the number of A cells added. If the in vivo and in vitro assays are detecting the same class of radiation-resistant cells, the physical properties of the cells active in each assay should be identical. Spleen cells were separated on the basis of both density and sedimentation velocity. Fractions from both separation methods were tested for their content of A cells using both the in vivo and in vitro assays. The density and sedimentation profiles of A cells were similar in both assays. The demonstration that a radiation-resistant cell is required in vivo and that this cell has properties identical to the radiation-resistant cell required in vitro indicates that this cell (the A cell) is directly involved in the initiation of an immune response to erythrocyte antigens.
Rediscovering confidence as a mechanism and optimism as a construct
Authors: Charles S. Carver, Michael F. Scheier
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract The target article asserts that resilience results from a generalized tendency to appraise stressful circumstances positively. Apparently unbeknownst to the authors, essentially the same idea has been advanced before and studied extensively from a different research perspective. This raises a broader issue: the critical need, when projects attempt to span disciplines, to fully examine work from all relevant backgrounds.
Inorganic mercury transport in the proximal tubule of the rabbit.
Authors: D W Barfuss, M K Robinson, R K Zalups
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1990)

Inorganic mercury transport was studied in the S1, S2, and S3 segments of the isolated perfused proximal tubule of the rabbit. The concentration of mercury in the perfusate was 18.4 microM. At this concentration all three segments of the proximal tubule underwent degenerative changes that proceeded to cellular necrosis at the end of the tubule which was attached to the perfusion pipet. This pathological process progressed along the tubule for approximately 200 microns. The remainder of the tubule, to the collection pipette, remained intact and free of any pathological changes. In examining the transport of mercury under these condition, it was found that, on average, the S1, S2, and S3 segments all removed inorganic mercury from the luminal fluid at approximately 140 fmol min-1 mm-1. The transport of mercury, as measured by the appearance of 203Hg in the bathing solution, was 80% lower than the removal of 203Hg from the luminal fluid. The mercury appearing in the bath could be accounted for by passive leakage through the necrotic portion of the tubule in the S1 and S2 segments, but not in the S3 segment. Leakage could account for only 16.2% of the transepithelial movement of inorganic mercury in the S3 segment. Inorganic mercury taken up by the tubule (92%) was primarily associated with the structural proteins of the tubular epithelial cells, while very little (8%) was found in the tubular extract. The toxicity of inorganic mercury was determined by titration. Perfusion with 1 microM inorganic mercury produced necrosis. The pathological features appeared to be the same as those resulting with 18.5 microM inorganic mercury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trial Designs for Personalizing Cancer Care: A Systematic Review and Classification
Authors: Parvin Tajik, Aleiko H. Zwinderman, Ben W. Mol, Patrick M. Bossuyt
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

There is an increasing interest in the evaluation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for personalizing cancer care. The literature on the trial designs for evaluation of these markers is diverse and there is no consensus in the classification or nomenclature. We set this study to review the literature systematically, to identify the proposed trial designs, and to develop a classification scheme. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Methodology Register, and MathSciNet up to January 2013 for articles describing these trial designs. In each eligible article, we identified the trial designs presented and extracted the term used for labeling the design, components of patient flow (marker status of eligible participants, intervention, and comparator), study questions, and analysis plan. Our search strategy resulted in 88 eligible articles, wherein 315 labels had been used by authors in presenting trial designs; 134 of these were unique. By analyzing patient flow components, we could classify the 134 unique design labels into four basic patient flow categories, which we labeled with the most frequently used term: single-arm, enrichment, randomize-all, and biomarker-strategy designs. A fifth category consists of combinations of the other four patient flow categories. Our review showed that a considerable number of labels has been proposed for trial designs evaluating prognostic and predictive biomarkers which, based on patient flow elements, can be classified into five basic categories. The classification system proposed here could help clinicians and researchers in designing and interpreting trials evaluating predictive biomarkers, and could reduce confusion in labeling and reporting.
Person as lawyer: How having a guilty mind explains attributions of intentional agency
Authors: Frank Hindriks
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract In criminal law, foresight betrays a guilty mind as much as intent does: both reveal that the agent is not properly motivated to avoid an illegal state of affairs. This commonality warrants our judgment that the state is brought about intentionally, even when unintended. In contrast to Knobe, I thus retain the idea that acting intentionally is acting with a certain frame of mind.
In vivo NCL targeting affects breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation
Authors: Flavia Pichiorri, Dario Palmieri, Luciana De Luca, Jessica Consiglio, Jia You, Alberto Rocci, Tiffany Talabere, Claudia Piovan, Alessandro Lagana, Luciano Cascione, Jingwen Guan, Pierluigi Gasparini, Veronica Balatti, Gerard Nuovo, Vincenzo Coppola, Craig C. Hofmeister, Guido Marcucci, John C. Byrd, Stefano Volinia, Charles L. Shapiro, Michael A. Freitas, Carlo M. Croce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

Numerous studies have described the altered expression and the causal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human cancer. However, to date, efforts to modulate miRNA levels for therapeutic purposes have been challenging to implement. Here we find that nucleolin (NCL), a major nucleolar protein, posttranscriptionally regulates the expression of a specific subset of miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-103, that are causally involved in breast cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. We also show that NCL is commonly overexpressed in human breast tumors and that its expression correlates with that of NCL-dependent miRNAs. Finally, inhibition of NCL using guanosine-rich aptamers reduces the levels of NCL-dependent miRNAs and their target genes, thus reducing breast cancer cell aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. These findings illuminate a path to novel therapeutic approaches based on NCL-targeting aptamers for the modulation of miRNA expression in the treatment of breast cancer.
Imatinib for secondary Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia induces response in concomitant GBM
Authors: S. De Vita, S. De Matteis, L. Laurenti, P. Chiusolo, F. Sorà, N. Piccirillo, G. Reddiconto, A. Fiorini, G. Leone, S. Sica
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Bilateral facial nerve palsy secondary to the administration of high-dose paclitaxel
Authors: R.T. Lee, M.W. Oster, C. Balmaceda, C.S. Hesdorffer, L.T. Vahdat, K.P. Papadopoulos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)

Bilateral facial nerve palsy is an uncommon occurrence. We describe a case of bilateral facial nerve palsy secondary to a single cycle of high-dose paclitaxel therapy (825 mg/m2), in a woman with breast cancer. Prior to her high-dose therapy, she had a residual grade 2 peripheral neuropathy following treatment with ten cycles of standard-dose paclitaxel (total dose 3200 mg). The features of the peripheral neuropathy due to standard-dose paclitaxel, which can be both motor and sensory, are well described. Cumulative paclitaxel dose is considered a risk factor for development of the neuropathy. Although facial nerve palsy secondary to paclitaxel is not previously reported, other cranial nerve toxicity has been described. Consistent with reports of the reversibility of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, the facial nerve palsies in our patient resolved over 23 months. Ongoing studies of high-dose paclitaxel warrant close attention to its cumulative neurotoxic effects, particularly in patients previously treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy.
Treatment of cutaneous metastatic melanoma with imiquimod 5% cream and the pulsed-dye laser
Authors: N.C. Zeitouni, K. Dawson, R.T. Cheney
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflicts of interests: none declared. Sir, Cutaneous metastatic melanoma is a serious condition for which treatment is often considered palliative. Traditionally, surgical excision, radiotherapy, monochemotherapy and isolated limb perfusion have been used with various degrees of success.1 Several authors have recently reported the use of topical imiquimod as being beneficial for cutaneous melanoma metastasis.2–6 We describe an 82‐year‐old man with locoregional cutaneous metastases from melanoma who was successfully treated with a combination of imiquimod 5% cream and the pulsed‐dye laser (PDL). The patient had a history of melanoma (Clark level IV, Breslow thickness 2·9 mm) of the right anterior distal thigh, surgically excised with 2‐cm margins down to fascia in September 2000. Sentinel lymph node biopsies of three femoral nodes were negative for metastases. Nine months following surgery, the patient developed black nodules distal to the skin graft. These were excised and were found to be local recurrent melanoma (less than 5 cm from the primary tumour) (Fig. 1a). In December 2001, the patient developed multiple new nodules over the thigh and lower leg compatible with in‐transit metastatic melanoma. Systemic evaluation revealed no evidence of internal metastases. He was treated with isolated limb perfusion with melphalan with only a limited response.
Local Renal Autoantibody Production in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Marion Espeli, Susanne Bökers, Giovanna Giannico, Harriet A. Dickinson, Victoria Bardsley, Agnes B. Fogo, Kenneth G.C. Smith
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Autoantibodies are central to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus. Plasma cells secrete these autoantibodies, but the anatomical sites of these cells are not well defined. Here, we found that although dsDNA-specific plasma cells in NZB/W mice were present in spleen and bone marrow, a large number were in the kidneys and their number correlated with the serum dsDNA-IgG titer. We observed renal plasma cells only in mice with nephritis, where they located mainly to the tubulointerstitium of the cortex and outer medulla. These cells had the phenotypic characteristics of fully differentiated plasma cells and, similar to long-lived bone marrow plasma cells, they were not in cell cycle. In patients with lupus nephritis, plasma cells were often present in the medulla in those with the most severe disease, especially combined proliferative and membranous lupus nephritis. The identification of the kidney as a major site of autoreactive plasma cells has implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis and for strategies to deplete autoreactive plasma cells, a long-standing therapeutic aim.
Prognosis of Hysterical Symptoms
Authors: A. B. Carter
Journal: BMJ (1949)

STEATORRHOEA AND GLOSSITIS AFTER ILEOCOLOSTOMY BI was occasionally seen a nuclear pattern approaching that of the typical megaloblast.It is at least possible that in these animals and also in the cases discussed alimentary stasis in the loop led to an alteration in the bacterial flora of the intestine and disturbed the elaboration or utilization of essential vitamins.It is also possible that the liver extracts in experimental macrocytic anaemia, and yeast and liver extracts in the present case, had an effect analogous to that of folic acid and biotin, which have been shown to reverse many deficiencies produced in the experimental animal by sulphaguanidine or sulphasuxidine. SummaryThe case is descr-ibed of a patient who developed steator- rhoea and persistent glossitis and stomatitis after ileocolostomy for probable regional ileitis.The oral manifestations of the case were controlled on separate occasions by calcium pantothenate given orally or intramuscularly, by inositol given orally, by yeast extract (marmite), and by oral or intramuscular administration of a highly refined liver extract (anahaemin).Calcium pantothenate was effective against the glossitis but invariably aggravated abdominal symptomns, particularly when given intramuscularly.Anahaemin given parenterally produced abdominal pain in less degree.Given by mouth, anahaemin, marmite, and also inositol cured the sore tongue but did not provoke abdominal discomfort.Folic acid relieved the colic, but its action on the tongue could not be determined because glossitis was not present at this time.Neither fat absorption nor glucose absorption was improved by the administration of calcium pantothenate.Nicotinic acid, riboflavin, and aneurin had no effect on the glossitis or on the abdominal symptoms.It is suggested that the action of the yeast and liver extracts was due not to their content of pantothenic acid but to the presence of some other factor or factors which restored existing deficiencies in a more balanced manner, leading to improvement in both oral and alimentary disturbances.Thie possible mechanism of the development of the steator- rhoea and the associated avitaminoses is discussed, and it is suggested that alteration in alimentary flora and consequent reduction in the availability of essential factors may be at least partly responsible.
Significance of hepatitis B genotype in acute exacerbation, HBeAg seroconversion, cirrhosis-related complications, and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Man-Fung Yuen, Erwin Sablon, He-Jun Yuan, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, Chee-Kin Hui, Benjamin Chun-Yu Wong, Annie On-On Chan, Ching Lung Lai
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The pathologic role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in Chinese patients with HBV infection is largely unknown. We examined the relationship between HBV genotypes, and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, acute exacerbation, cirrhosis-related complications, and precore/core promoter mutations. Three hundred forty-three HBV patients (288 were asymptomatic, 55 presented with cirrhosis-related complications) were recruited. HBV genotypes and precore/core promoter mutations were determined by line probe assays. Genotypes B and C were the 2 most common genotypes, contributing 28% and 60%, respectively. The median age of HBeAg seroconversion for patients with genotype B was 9 years earlier than patients with genotype C (P =.011). There were no differences in the liver biochemistry, HBV DNA level, and cumulative risk of acute exacerbation (defined as increased alanine aminotransferase level > or =1.5 x upper limit of normal) between patients with genotypes B and C. There was a trend for patients with genotype B to have a higher cumulative rate of HBeAg seroconversion compared with patients with genotype C at the initial follow-up of 6 years (P =.053), but this difference became insignificant during subsequent follow-up. The prevalence of both genotypes was the same in patients with and without cirrhosis-related complications and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Genotype B was associated with precore mutations (P <.0001), whereas genotype C was associated with core promoter mutations (P <.0001). In conclusion, although patients with genotype B had earlier HBeAg seroconversion, there was no significant reduction in the risk of development of complications. Genotypes B and C are associated with high prevalence of precore and core promoter mutations, respectively.
Macrophage apolipoprotein A-I expression protects against atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient mice and up-regulates ABC transporters
Authors: Yan Ru Su, Hiroyuki Ishiguro, Amy S Major, Dwayne E Dove, Wenwu Zhang, Alyssa H Hasty, Vladimir R Babaev, MacRae F Linton, Sergio Fazio
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

The antiatherogenic effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its major protein component apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has been largely attributed to their key roles in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and cellular cholesterol efflux. Substantial evidence shows that overexpression of human apoA-I reduces atherosclerosis in animal models. However, it is uncertain whether this protection is due to an increase in plasma HDL level or to a local effect in the artery wall. To test the hypothesis that expression of human apoA-I in macrophages can promote RCT in the artery wall, we used a retroviral construct expressing human apoA-I cDNA (MFG-HAI) to transduce ApoE−/− bone marrow cells and then transplanted these cells into ApoE−/− mice with preexisting atherosclerosis. ApoE−/− mice reconstituted with MFG-HAI marrow had a significant reduction (30%) in atherosclerotic lesions in the proximal aorta compared to control mice that received marrow expressing MFG parental virus. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from MFG-HAI mice showed a four- to fivefold increase in mRNA expression levels of both ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1 and ABCG1 compared to controls. Our data demonstrate that gene transfer-mediated expression of human apoA-I in macrophages can compensate in part for apoE deficiency and delay the progression of atherosclerotic lesions by stimulating ABC-dependent cholesterol efflux and RCT.