tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predicting Response to Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancers through Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling
Authors: Ryo Takata, Toyomasa Katagiri, Mitsugu Kanehira, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Taro Shuin, Tsuneharu Miki, Mikio Namiki, Kenjiro Kohri, Yasushi Matsushita, Tomoaki Fujioka, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer, involving a regimen of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC), can improve the resectability of larger neoplasms for some patients and offer a better prognosis. However, some suffer severe adverse drug reactions without any effect, and no method yet exists for predicting the response of an individual patient to chemotherapy. Our purpose in this study is to establish a method for predicting response to the M-VAC therapy. Experimental Design: We analyzed gene expression profiles of biopsy materials from 27 invasive bladder cancers using a cDNA microarray consisting of 27,648 genes, after populations of cancer cells had been purified by laser microbeam microdissection. Results: We identified dozens of genes that were expressed differently between nine “responder” and nine “nonresponder” tumors; from that list we selected the 14 “predictive” genes that showed the most significant differences and devised a numerical prediction scoring system that clearly separated the responder group from the nonresponder group. This system accurately predicted the drug responses of 8 of 9 test cases that were reserved from the original 27 cases. Because real-time reverse transcription–PCR data were highly concordant with the cDNA microarray data for those 14 genes, we developed a quantitative reverse transcription–PCR–based prediction system that could be feasible for routine clinical use. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the sensitivity of an invasive bladder cancer to the M-VAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be predicted by expression patterns in this set of genes, a step toward achievement of “personalized therapy” for treatment of this disease.
IL-7 receptor α chain expression distinguishes functional subsets of virus-specific human CD8+ T cells
Authors: Ester M. M. van Leeuwen, Godelieve J. de Bree, Ester B. M. Remmerswaal, Si-La Yong, Kiki Tesselaar, Ineke J. M. ten Berge, René A. W. van Lier
Journal: Blood (2005)
Rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis by SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay and melting curve analysis in serum samples
Authors: M.I. Queipo-Ortuño, J.D. Colmenero, J.M. Reguera, M.A. García-Ordoñez, M.E. Pachón, M. Gonzalez, P. Morata
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2005)
Phase II study of weekly 24-hour intra-arterial high-dose infusion of 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid for liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas
Authors: M. Lorenz, H.H. Mueller, E. Mattes, H.J. Gassel, T. Junginger, H.D. Saeger, H. Schramm, E. Staib-Sebler, G. Vetter, S. Heinrich, C.H. Köhne
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Soluble endoglin contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Shivalingappa Venkatesha, Mourad Toporsian, Chun Lam, Jun-ichi Hanai, Tadanori Mammoto, Yeon M Kim, Yuval Bdolah, Kee-Hak Lim, Hai-Tao Yuan, Towia A Libermann, Isaac E Stillman, Drucilla Roberts, Patricia A D'Amore, Franklin H Epstein, Frank W Sellke, Roberto Romero, Vikas P Sukhatme, Michelle Letarte, S Ananth Karumanchi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Serum microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for cancer
Authors: Jan C Brase, Daniela Wuttig, Ruprecht Kuner, Holger Sültmann
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Human serum and other body fluids are rich resources for the identification of novel biomarkers, which can be measured in routine clinical diagnosis. microRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules, which have an important function in regulating RNA stability and gene expression. The deregulation of microRNAs has been linked to cancer development and tumor progression. Recently, it has been reported that serum and other body fluids contain sufficiently stable microRNA signatures. Thus, the profiles of circulating microRNAs have been explored in a variety of studies aiming at the identification of novel non-invasive biomarkers. In this review, we discuss recent findings indicating that circulating microRNAs are useful as non-invasive biomarkers for different tumor types. Additionally, we summarize the knowledge about the mechanism of microRNA release and the putative functional roles of circulating microRNAs. Although several challenges remain to be addressed, circulating microRNAs have the potential to be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer diseases.
Bystander suppression of experimental arthritis by nasal administration of a heat shock protein peptide
Authors: E. Zonneveld-Huijssoon, S. T. A. Roord, W. de Jager, M. Klein, S. Albani, S. M. Anderton, W. Kuis, F. van Wijk, B. J. Prakken
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Mucosal immune therapy with disease-inducing antigens is an effective way to prevent experimental arthritis, but in humans these antigens are unknown. In juvenile idiopathic arthritis, however, T cell recognition of a so-called bystander antigen, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), is associated with a good prognosis. Recently epitopes derived from HSP60, a microbial peptide (p1) and its self-homologue (p2) were reported to induce tolerogenic T cell responses in vitro in patients with arthritis. A study was undertaken to determine whether mucosal administration of these bystander epitopes can be similarly effective in suppressing arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Rats were treated nasally with p1, p2 or phosphate-buffered saline before arthritis induction. Arthritis scores were assessed and peptide-specific proliferative responses, phenotypic analysis, cytokine production and in vitro suppressive capacity of cells were measured in lymph nodes and spleens. CD4 spleen T cells from p1- or p2-treated rats were adoptively transferred into naïve rats that were subsequently injected with complete Freund9s adjuvant for arthritis induction. <h3>Results</h3> Nasal administration of p1 prevented experimental arthritis whereas treatment with the self-homologue p2 did not. Adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells protected against experimental arthritis. Treatment with p1 increased peptide-specific and self-crossreactive interferon γ (IFNγ) production. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels were reduced at the site of inflammation. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression remained stable but the suppressive capacity of T regulatory cells in p1-treated rats was enhanced. <h3>Conclusion</h3> p1 immune therapy induces a population of CD4 T cells with reduced TNFα and increased peptide-specific IFNγ production at the site of inflammation. This population expresses FoxP3 and has potent suppressive capacity which, upon transfer, protects against arthritis. The bystander epitope p1 may therefore be a suitable candidate for antigen-specific immunotherapy in arthritis.
The high-fat high-fructose hamster as an animal model for niacin’s biological activities in humans
Authors: Beth A. Connolly, Daniel P. O’Connell, Stefania Lamon-Fava, Daniel F. LeBlanc, Yu-Lin Kuang, Ernst J. Schaefer, Andrew L. Coppage, Claude R. Benedict, Christopher P. Kiritsy, William W. Bachovchin
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Response of chronic cough to acid suppresive therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Doina Todea, Andreea Coman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Epidemiological and physiological studies suggest an association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic cough. Gastroesophageal reflux induced cough (GERC), is a common cause of chronic cough and accounts for 5-41% of chronic cough. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between chronic cough and GERD, and to monitorized the response of chronic cough after 8 weeks of acid suppressive therapy. 87 consecutive patients, nonsmokers, immunocompetent, with chronic cough undiagnosed at least 6 weeks and clinical symptoms specific for GERD (heartburn and regurgitations) were prospectively recruited into this study. They were assessed by history, physical examination, chest radiograph, spirometry, reversibility to nebulised salbutamol, skin prick tests to common allergens and esophageal endoscopy. A clinical diagnosis was made and the patient had an 8-week trial of appropriate therapy with proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole 20 mg o.d.) and prokinetic agents (Metoclopramide 30 mg t.i.d). In 68/87 (78.16%) cases reflux preceded respiratory symptoms. After treatment period 60 patients (68.96%), 42 female and 18 men were classified as responders (improvement of cough), in 27 cases (31.03%), 17 female and 10 men, respiratory symptoms persist unchanged, none of patients had aggravation of cough. After supplementary investigations there was find a final diagnosis in non responders patients.  Conclusions: GERD is a common disorder related with chronic cough. The benefits of acid-suppressive therapy in chronic cough patients cannot be dismissed, in terms of therapeutic effect and also for usefulness in differential diagnosis of chronic cough.
Small Interfering RNA Molecules Targeting Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 Inhibit Endothelin-1 Synthesis and the Invasive Phenotype of Ovarian Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Oleg Rayhman, Eyal Klipper, Laurent Muller, Ben Davidson, Reuven Reich, Rina Meidan
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the progression of various cancers, including ovarian carcinoma. We found that the ovarian carcinoma cell lines ES2 and OVCAR3 and tumors from different anatomic sites expressed ET-1 system members [ET receptor A and ET-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1)]. However, only ECE-1 was significantly higher in the solid tumors compared with effusions. We therefore investigated the effect of RNA interference-induced knockdown of ECE-1, the key enzyme in ET-1 production, on these two ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting of ECE-1 markedly reduced ECE-1 mRNA and protein levels, which subsequently led to 80% to 90% inhibition of ET-1 peptide secretion by the cells. ECE-1 silencing also profoundly affected the behavior of tumor cells compared with cells treated with scrambled siRNA. Silenced cells exhibited (a) reduced ET-1–dependent p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation; (b) decreased invasiveness and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity; (c) improved adhesion to basal lamina proteins, laminin-1, and collagen IV; and (d) increased E-cadherin, an epithelial adhesion molecule, and reduced N-cadherin expression, a mesenchymal marker. Altered cell adherence is one of the hallmarks of the transformed phenotype, often characterized by the loss of the epithelial features and the gain of a mesenchymal phenotype. ECE-1 ablation did not, however, alter viable ovarian carcinoma cell numbers. Addition of exogenous ET-1 reversed the effects cited above. Taken together, these data indicate that siRNA is an effective tool for manipulating ECE-1 expression, ET-1 biosynthesis, and invasiveness of ovarian carcinoma. ECE-1 silencing may therefore develop into a promising novel anticancer therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9265–73]
Combined use of antidepressants and NSAIDs: NNT for intracranial haemorrhage
Authors: L Sam Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Mercer and colleagues’ editorial says that the new found risk of intracranial haemorrhage in the first 30 days of combined non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and antidepressant use in Korea has implications for GPs and primary care teams.1 They think guidelines are poor at informing therapeutic decisions in patients with multimorbidity, with evidence based decisions difficult to make because …
Fiber intake and pancreatic cancer risk: a case–control study
Authors: E. Bidoli, C. Pelucchi, A. Zucchetto, E. Negri, L. Dal Maso, J. Polesel, G. Boz, M. Montella, S. Franceschi, D. Serraino, C. La Vecchia, R. Talamini
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Extranuclear detection of histones and nucleosomes in activated human lymphoblasts as an early event in apoptosis
Authors: C. Gabler, N. Blank, T. Hieronymus, M. Schiller, J.H.M. Berden, J.R. Kalden, H.M. Lorenz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the presence of histones and nucleosomes in cell lysates of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), fully activated lymphoblasts, or lymphoblasts after induction of apoptosis. <b>Methods:</b> Each histone class (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) was detected by western blot analysis with specific antibodies. Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining was performed for each treatment to distinguish viable, early, and late apoptotic, and necrotic cells. DNA degradation was evaluated by PI staining in a hypotonic buffer. <b>Results:</b> All five histones were detected in cell lysates of activated lymphoblasts in higher concentrations than in lysates of PBMC. An additional significant increase of H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and complete nucleosomes in cell lysates of lymphoblasts was found during interleukin (IL)2 deprivation for 8 or 24 hours. The content of these histones or nucleosomes in cell lysates decreased after delayed IL2 readdition. H1 content in cell lysates was not affected by IL2 deprivation or addition. Quantities of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 in cell lysates correlated significantly with signs of early apoptosis. UV-B light exposure or etoposide treatment of lymphoblasts resulted in a distinct increase for each histone class in cell lysates compared with standard curves. No bands for post-translationally modified histones were detected in cell lysates in contrast with signals in nuclear preparations. <b>Conclusion:</b> Extranuclear accumulation of histones and nucleosomes is an early event of apoptosis in human lymphoblasts. Dysregulation of early apoptosis might support the induction of autoimmunity against nuclear components.
Just the tip of the iceberg: The bicoded map is but one instantiation of scalable spatial representation structures
Authors: Holger Schultheis, Thomas Barkowsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Although the bicoded map constitutes an interesting candidate representation, proposing it as the predominant representation for three-dimensional space is too restrictive. We present and argue for scalable spatial representation structures as a more comprehensive alternative account that includes the bicoded map as a special case.
Assessment of mutilans-like hand deformities in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. A radiographic study of 52 patients
Authors: E A Belt, K Kaarela, M J Kauppi, H A Savolainen, H J Kautiainen, M U K Lehto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

To evaluate patients with mutilans-like hand deformities in chronic inflammatory joint diseases and to determine radiographic scoring systems for arthritis mutilans (AM).A total of 52 patients with severe hand deformities were collected during 1997. A Larsen hand score of 0-110 was formed to describe destruction of the hand joints. Secondly, each ray of the hand was assessed individually by summing the Larsen grade of the wrist and the grades of the MCP and PIP joints. When the sum of these grades was > or = 13, the finger was considered to be mutilated. A mutilans hand score of 0-10 was formed according to the number of mutilans fingers. Surgical treatment and spontaneous fusions were recorded.The study consisted of 22 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), nine with rheumatoid factor (RF) positive and 13 with RF negative arthritis, 27 patients with RF positive RA, and three adult patients with other diagnoses. The mean age of patients with adult rheumatic diseases was 27 years at the onset of arthritis. The mean disease duration in all patients was 30 years. The mean Larsen hand score was 93. Four patients had no mutilans fingers and in 15 patients all 10 fingers were mutilated. The Larsen hand score of 0-110 and the mutilans hand score of 0-10 correlated well (rs = 0.90). Fourteen patients showed spontaneous fusions in the peripheral joints. A total of 457 operations were performed on 48 patients.Both the Larsen hand score of 0-110 and the mutilans hand score of 0-10 improve accuracy in evaluating mutilans-like hand deformities, but in unevenly distributed hand deformities the mutilans hand score is better in describing deformation of individual fingers.
Largest Vertebrate Vomeronasal Type 1 Receptor Gene Repertoire in the Semiaquatic Platypus
Authors: W. E. Grus, P. Shi, J. Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Vertebrate vomeronasal chemoreception plays important roles in many aspects of an organism's daily life, such as mating, territoriality, and foraging. Vomeronasal type 1 receptors (V1Rs) and vomeronasal type 2 receptors (V2Rs), 2 large families of G protein–coupled receptors, serve as vomeronasal receptors to bind to various pheromones and odorants. Contrary to the previous observations of reduced olfaction in aquatic and semiaquatic mammals, we here report the surprising finding that the platypus, a semiaquatic monotreme, has the largest V1R repertoire and nearly largest combined repertoire of V1Rs and V2Rs of all vertebrates surveyed, with 270 intact genes and 579 pseudogenes in the V1R family and 15 intact genes, 55 potentially intact genes, and 57 pseudogenes in the V2R family. Phylogenetic analysis shows a remarkable expansion of the V1R repertoire and a moderate expansion of the V2R repertoire in platypus since the separation of monotremes from placentals and marsupials. Our results challenge the view that olfaction is unimportant to aquatic mammals and call for further study into the role of vomeronasal reception in platypus physiology and behavior.
Associations Between the Ankle-Brachial Index and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality Are Similar in Individuals Without and With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nordin M.J. Hanssen, Maya S. Huijberts, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Giel Nijpels, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Coen D.A. Stehouwer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

In the general population, a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (<0.9) is strongly associated with (cardiovascular) mortality. However, the association between the ABI and mortality may be weaker in individuals with diabetes, as ankle pressures may be elevated by medial arterial calcification and arterial stiffening, which occur more frequently in diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the association between ABI and mortality in individuals without and with diabetes.We studied the associations between ABI and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in 624 individuals from the Hoorn study, a population-based cohort of 50- to 75-year-old individuals (155 with diabetes and 469 without) followed for a median period of 17.2 years. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.During the follow-up period, 289 of 624 (46.3%) participants died (97 of 155 with and 192 of 469 without diabetes and 52 of 65 with and 237 of 559 without ABI <0.9): 85 (29.4%) of CVD (30 of 155 with and 55 of 469 without diabetes and 20 of 65 with and 65 of 559 without ABI <0.9). A low ABI was strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality (relative risk 2.57 [95% CI 1.50-4.40]) and all-cause mortality (2.02 [1.47-2.76]), after adjustment for Framingham risk factors. The associations of the ABI with mortality did not differ between individuals without and with diabetes for cardiovascular (P(interaction) = 0.45) or all-cause (P(interaction) = 0.63) mortality.In the Hoorn Study, associations between ABI and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were similar in individuals without and with diabetes. Future studies should investigate, in both individuals without and with diabetes, whether measurement of ABI can be used to guide treatment decisions.
A CHEMO-BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONS OF PEPSIN TO SO-CALLED ANTI-PEPSIN
Authors: Walter W. Hamburger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

1. Fresh and inactivated animal serum under proper conditions will bind pepsin quantitatively in weak acid solution and will prevent it from digesting proteid even after the addition of free hydrochloric acid in excess. 2. This binding and inactivation of pepsin cannot be considered as due to a specific anti-pepsin. 3. The phenomenon has been named pepsin deviation in analogy with the deviation described for other ferments, notably trypsin. 4. The ability of animal serum to deviate pepsin has been responsible for most, if not all, of the published accounts of anti-pepsin. 5. By the use of a technique elaborated to control pepsin deviation, it has been found impossible to demonstrate normal anti-pepsin in the blood serum of the dog, cat, guinea pig, beef, horse, rabbit, and of man.
Estrogen Receptor Expression in Benign Breast Epithelium and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Seema A. Khan, Mary A. M. Rogers, Kamal K. Khurana, Michael M. Meguid, Patricia J. Numann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Estrogen exposure is a major risk factor for breast cancer. Increased estrogen responsiveness of breast epithelium may enhance this effect. We examined the relationship between breast cancer diagnosis and 1) the presence and absence of estrogen receptor expression in benign breast epithelium, 2) the level of expression and 3) its variation during the menstrual cycle, and 4) other established risk factors. e.g., age, age at menarche, parity, and family history.We measured estrogen receptor expression (as % of positive cells) by immunohistochemistry in normal breast epithelium from 376 women undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic breast surgery. Data on established risk factors were collected prior to surgery and those on menstrual cycle dates at the time of surgery. Logistic regression was used to assess risks (odds ratios [ORs]).The crude OR for breast cancer in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast epithelium versus those without was 3.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89-5.28), with an OR of 2.49 (95% CI = 1.25-4.96) for premenopausal and an OR of 3.32 (95% CI = 1.43-7.68) for postmenopausal women. The ORs remained high and statistically significant after controlling for age and other breast cancer risk factors. The level of estrogen receptor expression was higher in patients with breast cancer than in control subjects and it was related to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (P trend <.005). Expression declined as expected in premenopausal control subjects as the menstrual cycle progressed but rose in breast cancer patients (P trend <.015).The overexpression of estrogen receptors in normal breast epithelium may augment estrogen sensitivity and hence the risk of breast cancer.
Outcomes After Cardioversion and Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Patients Treated With Rivaroxaban and Warfarin in the ROCKET AF Trial
Authors: Jonathan P. Piccini, Susanna R. Stevens, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Manesh R. Patel, Jonathan L. Halperin, Daniel E. Singer, Graeme J. Hankey, Werner Hacke, Richard C. Becker, Christopher C. Nessel, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Keith A.A. Fox, Robert M. Califf, Günter Breithardt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)