tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Brain Injury and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Brett D. Thombs
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Narrowband UVB and cream psoralen-UVA combination therapy for plaque-type psoriasis
Authors: Marcella Grundmann-Kollmann, Ralf Ludwig, Thomas M Zollner, Falk Ochsendorf, Diamant Thaci, Wolf-Henning Boehncke, Jean Krutmann, Roland Kaufmann, Maurizio Podda
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)
Videotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer Screening
Authors: Gavin Harewood
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters16 October 2001Videotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer ScreeningGavin Harewood, MDGavin Harewood, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Harewood)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_Part_1-200110160-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Pignone and colleagues (1) address an important question in their analysis of the effect of a decision aid on screening for colon cancer. Although their findings support the use of decision aids to increase patients' awareness of the importance of screening, they also raise concern about the physician's role in the screening process.No matter how motivated the patient, the burden of responsibility for health care continues to lie with the physician. Pignone and colleagues found that only 69% of patients who indicated an interest in colorectal cancer screening were screened; furthermore, only 54% completed their screening ...Reference1. Pignone M, Harris R, Kinsinger L. Videotape-based decision aid for colon cancer screening. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:761-9. [PMID: 11085838] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gavin Harewood, MDAffiliations: Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Harewood) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoVideotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer Screening Michael Pignone , Russell Harris , and Linda Kinsinger Videotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer Screening Pignone Michael , Harris Russell , and Kinsinger Linda Metrics 16 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 8_Part_1 Page: 634 Keywords Cancer screening Colon Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer screening Decision analysis Flexible sigmoidoscopy Health care Health care providers Patient advocacy ePublished: 16 October 2001 Issue Published: 16 October 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
8-Oxoguanine causes neurodegeneration during MUTYH-mediated DNA base excision repair
Authors: Zijing Sheng, Sugako Oka, Daisuke Tsuchimoto, Nona Abolhassani, Hiroko Nomaru, Kunihiko Sakumi, Hidetaka Yamada, Yusaku Nakabeppu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species, is associated with carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration. Although the mechanism by which 8-oxoG causes carcinogenesis is well understood, the mechanism by which it causes neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we report that neurodegeneration is triggered by MUTYH-mediated excision repair of 8-oxoG-paired adenine. Mutant mice lacking 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate-depleting (8-oxo-dGTP-depleting) MTH1 and/or 8-oxoG-excising OGG1 exhibited severe striatal neurodegeneration, whereas mutant mice lacking MUTYH or OGG1/MUTYH were resistant to neurodegeneration under conditions of oxidative stress. These results indicate that OGG1 and MTH1 are protective, while MUTYH promotes neurodegeneration. We observed that 8-oxoG accumulated in the mitochondrial DNA of neurons and caused calpain-dependent neuronal loss, while delayed nuclear accumulation of 8-oxoG in microglia resulted in PARP-dependent activation of apoptosis-inducing factor and exacerbated microgliosis. These results revealed that neurodegeneration is a complex process caused by 8-oxoG accumulation in the genomes of neurons and microglia. Different signaling pathways were triggered by the accumulation of single-strand breaks in each type of DNA generated during base excision repair initiated by MUTYH, suggesting that suppression of MUTYH may protect the brain under conditions of oxidative stress.
Hepatitis B Virus Inhibits Liver Regeneration Via Epigenetic Regulation of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Eun-Sook Park, Yong Kwang Park, Chan Young Shin, Seung Hwa Park, Sung Hyun Ahn, Doo Hyun Kim, Keo-Heun Lim, So Young Kwon, Kwang Pyo Kim, Sung-Il Yang, Baik L. Seong, Kyun-Hwan Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Liver regeneration after liver damage caused by toxins and pathogens is critical for liver homeostasis. Retardation of liver proliferation was reported in hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx)-transgenic mice. However, the underlying mechanism of the HBx-mediated disturbance of liver regeneration is unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of liver regeneration using liver cell lines and a mouse model. The mouse model of acute HBV infection was established by hydrodynamic injection of viral DNA. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy was significantly inhibited in the HBV DNA-treated mice. Mechanism studies have revealed that the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which regulates the activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), was significantly decreased in the liver tissues of HBV or HBx-expressing mice. The down-regulation of uPA was further confirmed using liver cell lines transiently or stably transfected with HBx and the HBV genome. HBx suppressed uPA expression through the epigenetic regulation of the uPA promoter in mouse liver tissues and human liver cell lines. Expression of HBx strongly induced hypermethylation of the uPA promoter by recruiting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3A2. Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that infection of HBV impairs liver regeneration through the epigenetic dysregulation of liver regeneration signals by HBx. (Hepatology 2013;58:762–776)
Comprehensive Health Care and Motor-Vehicle Safety
Authors: Jonathan E. Fielding, Diana Chapman Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Motor-vehicle accidents in Massachusetts last year claimed on the order of 31,000 years of potential life1 (Table 1), second for that dubious distinction only to ischemic heart disease. Accidents in general rank fourth among major causes of death in Massachusetts1 and the United States,2 and motor-vehicle accidents are the number-one killer in the nation of people between the ages of five and 44,2 usually healthy people entering their most productive years (Table 2).In 1974 alone, highway accidents cost the Commonwealth's residents approximately $200 million in lost wages, medical expenses, insurance administration costs, and property damage.2 About 150 insurance carriers . . .
Studies of the Insulin-inhibitory Effect of Human Albumin Fractions*
Authors: Haluk Alp, Lillian Recant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Vallance-Owen and his colleagues described an insulin inhibitor associated with human plasma albumin fractions (1-3).Inhibitory fractions were prepared by the Debro procedure (4) using plasma obtained from both normal and diabetic subjects.The existence of this inhibitor and its quantitative increase in diabetics have been confirmed by Lowy, Blanshard, and Phear (5) and Alp and Recant (6).Other investigators, not- ably Keen, Cameron, and Menzinger (7, 8), have failed in their efforts to demonstrate this material.In view of the difficulties encountered by the latter group of investigators and since our labora- tory previously described observations on a rela- tively small number of subjects, it seemed im- portant to report on our more extensive experi- ence with this inhibitor.Human albumin fractions prepared by the Cohn fractionation procedure (9) as well as the Debro procedure were tested for insulin-inhibitory ac- tivity.We attempted to define more quantita- tively the distribution of the inhibitor in normal subjects, in a variety of diabetics, and in a group of pregnant, nondiabetic women.Additional experiments were performed to clarify certain as- pects of the mechanism of insulin inhibition pro- duced by these albumin fractions. MethodsDebro albumin fractions.Albumin fractions were pre- pared from the serum of 17 normal subjects, 21 diabetics,
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AS INDEX OF OTORHINOGENIC INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS
Authors: C. F. YERGER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

This study is based on cases observed at Cook County Hospital, consisting of 155 cases of meningitis, forty-three cases of lateral sinus thrombosis, thirty-five cases of brain abscess, eight cases of labyrinthitis, four cases of extradural abscess, two cases of cavernous sinus thrombosis and one case of subdural abscess. The normal cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless, sterile fluid, under normal pressure, containing sugar but no globulin and in the adult not more than 8 lymphocytes per cubic millimeter. McLean<sup>1</sup>states that in children, the average is 4 lymphocytes but that as many as 20 lymphocytes may be found in a normal child. The results of the examination of the cerebrospinal fluid in these cases may be conveniently divided into two groups: Those presenting negative, or normal, cerebrospinal fluid findings, and those presenting positive, or pathologic, cerebrospinal fluid findings. <h3>CASES PRESENTING NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FINDINGS</h3> In acute and chronic
Omeprazole Therapy in Resistant Reflux Disease
Authors: James M. Wright
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 February 1995Omeprazole Therapy in Resistant Reflux DiseaseJames M. Wright, MD and Troy C. Sarich, MDJames M. Wright, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Troy C. Sarich, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-3-199502010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In the recently published article on long-term omeprazole treatment [1], the authors attempted to explain the greater than tenfold elevation of plasma gastrin levels in 10 of 91 patients (11%) enrolled in the long-term omeprazole treatment study. We suggest that most, if not all, of these patients could be genetically determined to lack activity of the major enzyme responsible for metabolizing omeprazole, CYP IIC19. After 1 week of oral omeprazole (20 mg/d) given to both rapid and poor metabolizers, poor metabolizers showed a 2.9-fold greater half-life, a 4.8-fold greater maximum plasma concentration, and an 11.7-fold greater plasma ...References1. Klinkenberg-Knol EC, Festen HP, Jansen JB, Lamers CB, Nelis F, Snel P, et al. Long-term treatment with omeprazole for refractory reflux esophagitis: efficacy and safety. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:161-7. Google Scholar2. Andersson T, Cederberg C, Edvardsson G, Heggelund A, Lundborg P. Effect of omeprazole treatment on diazepam plasma levels in slow versus normal rapid metabolizers of omeprazole. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1990; 47:79-85. Google Scholar3. Horai Y, Nakano M, Ishizaki T, Ishikawa K, Zhou HH, Zhou BJ, et al. Metoprolol and mephenytoin oxidation polymorphisms in Far Eastern Oriental subjects: Japanese versus mainland Chinese. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989; 46:198-207. Google Scholar4. Andersson T, Regangstromrdh CG, Dahl-Puustinen ML, Bertilsson L. Slow omeprazole metabolizers are also poor s-mephenytoin hydroxylators. Ther Drug Monit. 1990; 12:415-6. Google Scholar5. Marcuard SP, Albernaz L, Khazanie PG. Omeprazole therapy causes malabsorption of cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:211-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDetermination of CYP2C19 phenotype in black Americans with omeprazole: Correlation with genotype* 1 February 1995Volume 122, Issue 3Page: 236-237KeywordsBlood plasmaGastrinGastroenterology and hepatologyGastroesophageal reflux diseaseHalf lifeHypergastrinemiaPhenotypesToxicityVitamin B12 deficiencyZollinger Ellison syndrome Issue Published: 1 February 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
FDA considers a first: approval of drug for inhibiting preterm labor
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Managing Managed Care's Tarnished Image
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

I have criticized managed care in these pages several times before,17 and I am about to do so again. This time I am concerned not about access to care, incentives to undertreat, or the loss of physicians' integrity, but about the policies and pronouncements of the American Association of Health Plans (AAHP), the principal organization that represents managed care. I believe that its recently announced initiative called “Putting Patients First” amounts to little more than a thinly veiled attempt to ward off state and federal legislative actions to curb the abuses of managed care.The AAHP has approximately 1000 . . .
Analysis of HLA‐DRB1 alleles in Japanese patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Masaki Yasukawa, Hideki Ohminami, Kensuke Kojima, Koiti Inokuchi, Yasuharu Nishimura, Shigeru Fujita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

To clarify the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies in 50 Japanese patients each with b2a2 and b3a2 CML and 127 healthy Japanese individuals were examined. In the patients with b2a2 CML, the frequencies of HLA-DRB1*0405, DRB1*08032, and DRB1*1502 were low and that of HLA-DRB1*1201 was high in comparison with the healthy individuals. The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*0403, DRB1*0802, DRB1*1403, and DRB1*1405 were high, and those of HLADRB1*08032 and DRB1*1501 were low in the patients with b3a2 CML. The present results suggest positive and negative associations between certain HLA-DRB1 alleles and CML.
P1048 NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGUE (NA) THERAPY FOR PERSONS IN THE IMMUNOTOLERANT PHASE OF CHB IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN HBeAg AND HBsAg LEVELS
Authors: G. Rosenberg, J. Bayliss, A. Gaggar, K. Kitrinos, M. Subramanian, E. Gane, H.L. Chan, R. Hammond, S. Bowden, P. Revill, S. Locarnini, A. Thompson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Mucus degradation by pepsin: comparison of mucolytic activity of human pepsin 1 and pepsin 3: implications in peptic ulceration.
Authors: J P Pearson, R Ward, A Allen, N B Roberts, W H Taylor
Journal: Gut (1986)

The ability to digest mucus, mucolytic activity of isolated pepsins and samples of human gastric juice has been assayed by measuring the fall in viscosity when incubated with purified pig gastric mucus glycoprotein. Pure human pepsin 1, the peptic ulcer associated pepsin, digested gastric mucus glycoprotein at a faster rate than did pure human pepsin 3 (the principal human pepsin), or the equivalent pig pepsin (pepsin A). At pH 2.0 pepsin 1 had twice the mucolytic activity of pepsin 3. Above pH 3.8 this difference became more marked and whereas pepsin 1 caused substantial mucolysis up to and including pH 5.1, pepsin 3 had minimal activity. At pH 4.0 pepsin 1 had six times the mucolytic activity of pepsin 3. Gastric juices from patients with duodenal ulcer each exhibited substantial mucolytic activity between pH 2 to 5, similar to that of pepsin 1. In contrast, gastric juice from non-symptomatic volunteers exhibited little mucolytic activity above pH 4. Analysis of the mucus glycoprotein by gel filtration showed that an increase in lower molecular weight, pepsin degraded, glycoprotein was associated with the fall in mucus viscosity for all enzyme preparations. These results showed that pepsin 1 can digest the mucus more effectively than pepsin 3 and at higher pH values. The raised concentrations of pepsin 1 in the juice of peptic ulcer patients may thus promote the ulcerative process by increased erosion of the mucus barrier under conditions likely to pertain in the duodenal bulb as well as the stomach.
Value of determination of oxygen consumption in tetanus.
Authors: D Femi-Pearse, A O Afonja, O O Elegbeleye, K A Odusote
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Oxygen consumption (VO2) was determined in 10 patients with moderate tetanus. The mean (+/- SE) VO2 of 425-2-2 +/- 50-3 ml/min on admission fell significantly to 249-9 +/- 13-1 ml/min standard temperature and pressure dry (STPD) after parenteral diazepam. There was also a significant fall in minute ventilation after administration of diazepam. The results suggest that the simple practical determination of VO2 will be of immense value in assessing the efficacy of muscle relaxants, assessing the severity of tetanus, and determining the calorie needs of patients.
Critics condemn proposals to restrict use of social media among health staff
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Proponents of the use of social media in healthcare are angry about efforts by regulatory bodies in Australia to develop a social media policy for health professionals.

A preliminary consultation paper on a draft policy was leaked recently ahead of its planned release for public consultation later this year,1 provoking a storm of commentary on health professionals’ blogs and on Twitter.

Doctors and other health professionals say that the draft policy risks putting up barriers to the use of social media to improve healthcare and services and to promote public health.

The 14 national boards that regulate the health professions asked for preliminary feedback on the policy to be made to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency by 14 September. The issue is to be considered as part of an upcoming review of the boards’ codes and guidelines for …
Preclinical Evaluation of Adult Stem Cell Engraftment and Toxicity in the CNS of Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Iryna A. Isakova, Kate Baker, Jason Dufour, Dina Gaupp, Donald G. Phinney
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Congenital neurodegenerative diseases exhibit progressive postnatal neurologic impairment leading to premature death and are intractable to systemic therapies such as bone marrow transplantation. We injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the CNS of young adult rhesus macaques to evaluate their safety and feasibility as vectors for direct intervention of neurologic disorders. Levels of engrafted male, donor MSCs were quantified in the CNS of female transplant recipients by real-time PCR using an SRY gene-specific probe. Analysis of coronal brain slices encompassing one-third of the total brain volume revealed engraftment levels ranging from 0.026 x 10(-3) to 0.163 x 10(-3)% of the total DNA content of brain tissue. Fine-mapping revealed male DNA distributed within specific anatomic structures along the neuraxis where label-retaining MSCs were visualized in histological sections by immunohistochemistry. Double labeling of sections confirmed that engrafted donor cells lacked expression of the macrophage marker CD68, the astrocytes marker GFAP, and neuronal markers NeuN and MAP2. MSC engraftment had no adverse effects on animal health, behavior, postural and locomotor patterns, or upper limb motor performance evaluated over a 6-month period posttransplantation. Therefore, MSC-based therapies represent a safe alternative for clinical intervention of CNS disorders.
Involvement of the corticotropin-releasing hormone system in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris
Authors: R. Ganceviciene, V. Graziene, S. Fimmel, C.C. Zouboulis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background The sebaceous gland exhibits an independent peripheral endocrine function and expresses receptors for neuropeptides. Previous reports have confirmed the presence of a complete corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) system in human sebocytes in vitro. The capability of hypothalamic CRH to induce lipid synthesis, induce steroidogenesis and interact with testosterone and growth hormone implicates a possibility of its involvement in the clinical development of acne. Objectives The purpose of the study was to detect expression changes of CRH/CRH binding protein (CRHBP)/CRH receptors (CRHRs) in acne‐involved skin, especially in the sebaceous glands. Methods Expression of CRH/CRHBP/CRHRs was analysed by immunohistochemistry in biopsies from facial skin of 33 patients with acne, noninvolved thigh skin of the same patients and normal skin of eight age‐matched healthy volunteers. Results Very strong positive reaction for CRH was observed in acne‐involved skin in all types of sebaceous gland cells, irrespective of their differentiation stage, whereas in noninvolved and normal skin sebaceous glands exhibited a weaker CRH staining depending upon the differentiation stage of sebocytes. The strongest reaction for CRHBP in acne‐involved sebaceous glands was in differentiating sebocytes. CRHR‐1 and CRHR‐2 exhibited the strongest expression in sweat glands and sebaceous glands, respectively. Conclusions Expression of the complete CRH system is abundant in acne‐involved skin, especially in the sebaceous glands, possibly activating pathways which affect immune and inflammatory processes leading to the development and stress‐induced exacerbation of acne.