tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Protein-D Inhibits Lung Inflammation Caused by Ventilation in Premature Newborn Lambs
Authors: Atsuyasu Sato, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Ronald K. Scheule, Machiko Ikegami
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Premature newborns frequently require manual ventilation for resuscitation during which lung injury occurs. Although surfactant protein (SP)-D regulates pulmonary inflammation, SP-D levels are low in the preterm lung. Commercial surfactants for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome do not contain SP-D.Objectives: To determine whether addition of recombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D) to commercial surfactant influences lung inflammation in ventilated premature newborn lambs.Methods: Prematurely delivered lambs (130 d gestation age) were resuscitated with 100% O2 and peak inspiratory pressure 40 cm H2O for 20 minutes and then treated with Survanta or Survanta containing rhSP-D. Ventilation was then changed to regulate tidal volume at 8 to 9 ml/kg. At 5 hours of age lambs were killed for sample collection.Measurements and Main Results: Sequential blood gas and tidal volume were similar in lambs treated with or without rhSP-D, indicating that lung immaturity and ventilatory stress used to support premature lambs were comparable between the two groups. Ventilation caused pulmonary inflammation in lambs treated with surfactant alone. In contrast, surfactant containing rhSP-D decreased neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and decreased neutrophil elastase activity in lung tissue. IL-8 mRNA and IL-8 protein were significantly decreased in the +rhSP-D group lamb lungs, to 20% of those in controls. The addition of rhSP-D also rendered Survanta more resistant to plasma protein inhibition of surfactant function.Conclusions: Treatment with rhSP-D–containing surfactant inhibited lung inflammation and enhanced the resistance of surfactant to inhibition, supporting its potential usefulness for prevention of lung injury in the preterm newborn.
VARIATIONS IN SKIN SURFACE LIPID COMPOSITION AND SEBUM EXCRETION RATE WITH DIFFERENT SAMPLING TECHNIQUES II
Authors: J. A. COTTERILL, W. J. CUNLIFFE, B. WILLIAMSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The technique of Sellotape stripping was used to investigate the role of the stratum corneum in modifying sebum excretion rate and skin surface lipid composition. All experiments were performed on the forehead. The stratum corneum influences the rate of sebum excretion as Sellotape stripping produced a significant increase in sebum excretion rate, but this effect was abolished by systemic antibiotics. Skin surface lipid composition, when sampled by absorbent papers, was not influenced by Sellotape stripping, but when sampled by an ether‐soaked sponge after Sellotape stripping, had a lessened epidermal lipid contribution. Thus the stratum corneum modifies skin surface lipid composition when sampled by an organic solvent. Absorbent papers may be preferable to other sampling techniques on the forehead in the investigation of the role of sebaceous biochemical factors in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
The UK cardiac surgical register, 1977-82.
Authors: T A English, A R Bailey, J F Dark, W G Williams
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Data for 1977-82 obtained from the Cardiac Surgical Register, established by the Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1977, were analysed for trends in incidence and mortality of cardiac surgery and regional workload in the United Kingdom. Operative mortality for most types of cardiac operation showed a general decline. The numbers of operations performed for valvular and congenital heart disease had remained unchanged, but a striking increase had occurred in the number of coronary bypass graft operations: 2297 in 1977 to 6008 in 1982. The figure for 1982, representing an annual rate of 107 operations per million population, was still well below that for other countries such as Australia (410 per million in 1982) and the United States (750 per million in 1981). A wide variation was seen in the regional provision of cardiac surgical services within the United Kingdom. This was particularly appreciable for coronary bypass graft surgery, in which there was a 10-fold difference in numbers of operations performed between the various regions. The UK Cardiac Surgical Register provides an important source of information on trends within the specialty that could well be followed by other surgical specialties.
Left Ventricular Involvement in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: J.A. McCrohon, A.S. John, C.H. Lorenz, S.W. Davies, D.J. Pennell
Journal: Circulation (2002)

A 55-year-old woman presented with an 18-month history of progressive dyspnoea, exertional chest tightness, and palpitations associated with light-headedness.Resting electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and incomplete right bundle branch block with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia of left bundle branch morphology on 24-hour recording.Thallium scintigraphy reported partial thickness infarction of the inferior wall and reversible ischemia in the anterior wall.Cardiac catheterization showed "disorganized" function of the left ventricle (LV) and severe hypokinesis of the inferior wall and mid-anterior wall.The left coronary system was normal, and the right coronary showed a 50% distal stenosis.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment confirmed an enlarged LV with severe hypokinesis of the inferior wall and hypokinesis and focal thinning of the mid anterior wall.The right ventricle (RV) was also abnormal with reduced systolic function, elevated end-systolic volume, dyscoordinate free wall contraction, and an area of prominent dyskinesis in the basal to From the Departments of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (
Compulsory reporting of stabbings is no panacea for knife crime, surgeon tells MPs
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Background</h3> To monitor rheumatic diseases, digital biomarkers such as wearables are of increasing interest, but they lack disease specificity. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study, we apply convolution neural networks (CNN) to real world hand photographs in order to automatically detect, extract and analyse dorsal finger folds lines as a correlate of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint swelling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> Hand photographs from 190 RA patients were taken by a smartphone camera in a standardized manner. PIP joints were categorised as either swollen or not swollen based on clinical judgement and ultrasound. Images were automatically preprocessed by cropping PIP joints and extracting dorsal finger folds. Subsequently, metrical analysis of dorsal finger folds was performed and a CNN was trained to classify the dorsal finger lines into swollen versus non-swollen joints. Representative horizontal finger folds were also quantified in a subset of patients before and after resolution of PIP swelling and in patients with disease flares, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> In swollen joints, the number of automatically extracted double-contoured, deep skinfold imprints was significantly reduced compared to non-swollen joints (1.3, SD 0.8 vs. 3.3, SD 0.49). The joint diameter / deep skinfold ratio was significantly higher in swollen (4.1, SD 1.4) versus non-swollen joints (2.1 SD 0.6). The CNN model successfully differentiated swollen from non-swollen joints based on finger fold patterns with a validation accuracy of 0.84. A heatmap of the original images obtained by an extraction algorithm confirmed finger folds as the region of interest for correct classification. After significant response to DMARD +/- corticosteroid therapy, longitudinal metrical analysis of eight representative deep finger folds showed a decrease of the mean diameter/ finger fold length (finger fold index, FFl) from 3.03 (SD 0.68) to 2.08 (SD 0.57). Conversely, the FFI increased in patients with a flare of joint swelling. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Automated preprocessing and the application of CNN algorithms in combination with longitudinal metrical analysis of dorsal finger fold patterns extracted from real world hand photos might serve as a digital biomarker in RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> Thomas Hügle Shareholder of: Atreon SA., Speakers bureau: Multiple. Not relevant for this work., Grant/research support from: Multiple. Not for this work., Leo Caratsch: None declared, Matteo Matteo Caorsi Employee of: MC is an employee of L2F., Jules Maglione: None declared, Diana Dan: None declared, Alexandre Dumusc Speakers bureau: Multiple. Not relevant for this work., Marc Blanchard Shareholder of: Atreon SA., Gabriel Kalweit: None declared, Maria Kalweit: None declared.
Hypoaldosteronism — Disease or Normal Response?
Authors: O. B. Holland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

IN 1957 Hudson et al.1 described a patient with isolated hypoaldosteronism who had hyperkalemia with low urinary aldosterone excretion, normal glucocorticoid secretion, and relatively normal renal function. We have since recognized a variety of disorders associated with decreased aldosterone secretion and action, and other disorders that mimic them.The principal action of aldosterone is to stimulate renal sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. It acts as a permease at the luminal membrane of distal renal tubular cells to facilitate the entry of sodium into these cells. It also stimulates the activity of Na+/K+-transporting ATPase in the basolateral membrane, which . . .
What Do We Feed to Food-Production Animals? A Review of Animal Feed Ingredients and Their Potential Impacts on Human Health
Authors: Amy R. Sapkota, Lisa Y. Lefferts, Shawn McKenzie, Polly Walker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

ObjectiveAnimal feeding practices in the United States have changed considerably over the past century. As large-scale, concentrated production methods have become the predominant model for animal husbandry, animal feeds have been modified to include ingredients ranging from rendered animals and animal waste to antibiotics and organoarsenicals. In this article we review current U.S. animal feeding practices and etiologic agents that have been detected in animal feed. Evidence that current feeding practices may lead to adverse human health impacts is also evaluated.Data sourcesWe reviewed published veterinary and human-health literature regarding animal feeding practices, etiologic agents present in feed, and human health effects along with proceedings from animal feed workshops.Data extractionData were extracted from peer-reviewed articles and books identified using PubMed, Agricola, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Drug Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention databases.Data synthesisFindings emphasize that current animal feeding practices can result in the presence of bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, prions, arsenicals, and dioxins in feed and animal-based food products. Despite a range of potential human health impacts that could ensue, there are significant data gaps that prevent comprehensive assessments of human health risks associated with animal feed. Limited data are collected at the federal or state level concerning the amounts of specific ingredients used in animal feed, and there are insufficient surveillance systems to monitor etiologic agents "from farm to fork."ConclusionsIncreased funding for integrated veterinary and human health surveillance systems and increased collaboration among feed professionals, animal producers, and veterinary and public health officials is necessary to effectively address these issues.
Pharmacotherapy for Adolescent Smoking Cessation
Authors: Suzanne M. Colby, Chad J. Gwaltney
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Myra L. Muramoto, MD, MPH; Scott J. Leischow, PhD; Duane Sherrill, PhD; Eva Matthews, MPH; Louise J. Strayer, BSc, RN, MScObjective: To assess the safety and efficacy of sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride for adolescent smoking cessation.Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial.Setting: Metropolitan areas of Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona.Participants: Adolescents (N = 312) recruited through media and various community venues from March 1, 1999, through December 31, 2002, who were aged 14 to 17 years, smoked 6 or more cigarettes per day, had an exhaled carbon monoxide level of 10 ppm or greater, had at least 2 previous quit attempts, and had no other current major psychiatric diagnosis.Intervention: Sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride, 150 mg/d (n = 105) or 300 mg/d (n = 104), or placebo (n = 103) for 6 weeks, plus weekly brief individual counseling. Subjects were followed up at 12 weeks (by telephone call) and 26 weeks.Main Outcome Measure: Confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 6 weeks and 30-day prolonged abstinence (carbon monoxide level <10 ppm at each visit; urinary cotinine level ≤50 μg/L at weeks 2 and 6).Results: Cotinine-confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at 6 weeks were as follows: placebo, 5.6%; 150 mg, 10.7%; and 300 mg, 14.5% (P = .03, 300 mg vs placebo). At 26 weeks, confirmed point prevalence abstinence rates were as follows: placebo, 10.3%; 150 mg, 3.1%; and 300 mg, 13.9% (P = .049). During treatment, confirmed point prevalence rates were significantly higher for 300 mg than placebo at every week except week 4.Conclusions: Sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride, 300 mg/d, plus brief counseling demonstrated short-term efficacy for adolescent smoking cessation. Abstinence rates were lower than those reported for adults, with rapid relapse after medication discontinuation.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00344695
Shape changes, exocytosis, and cytosolic free calcium changes in stimulated human eosinophils.
Authors: P Kernen, M P Wymann, V von Tscharner, D A Deranleau, P C Tai, C J Spry, C A Dahinden, M Baggiolini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Essentially pure preparations of normal density eosinophils obtained from patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) were stimulated with complement factor 5a (C5a), platelet-activating factor (PAF), FMLP and neutrophil-activating peptide (NAP-1/IL-8). Three responses were studied, the transient rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) (derived from indo-1 fluorescence), shape changes (measured by laser turbidimetry), and exocytosis of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) (assessed by H2O2/luminol-dependent chemiluminescence). Responses were obtained with all four agonists, but C5a and PAF were by far more potent than FMLP and NAP-1/IL-8, which induced only minor effects. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin attenuated [Ca2+]i changes, EPO release and, to a lesser extent, shape changes, indicating that GTP-binding proteins of Gi-type are involved in receptor-dependent signal transduction processes leading to these responses. A clear dissociation was observed in the control of the shape change response and EPO exocytosis. The shape change was not affected by Ca2+ depletion or treatment with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, but exocytosis was prevented by Ca2+ depletion and markedly enhanced by staurosporine. The activation of the contractile system, leading to shape changes and motility, thus appears to be independent of the classical signal transduction pathway involving phospholipase C, a [Ca2+]i rise and protein kinase C activation. Exocytosis is, as expected, Ca2+ dependent and appears to be under a negative control involving protein phosphorylations.
Accelerated Approval of Cancer Drugs: Improved Access to Therapeutic Breakthroughs or Early Release of Unsafe and Ineffective Drugs?
Authors: Elizabeth A. Richey, E. Alison Lyons, Jonathan R. Nebeker, Veena Shankaran, June M. McKoy, Thanh Ha Luu, Narissa Nonzee, Steven Trifilio, Oliver Sartor, Al B. Benson, Kenneth R. Carson, Beatrice J. Edwards, Douglas Gilchrist-Scott, Timothy M. Kuzel, Dennis W. Raisch, Martin S. Tallman, Dennis P. West, Steven Hirschfeld, Antonio J. Grillo-Lopez, Charles L. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Accelerated approval (AA) was initiated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to shorten development times of drugs for serious medical illnesses. Sponsors must confirm efficacy in postapproval trials. Confronted with several drugs that received AA on the basis of phase II trials and for which confirmatory trials were incomplete, FDA officials have encouraged sponsors to design AA applications on the basis of interim analyses of phase III trials.We reviewed data on orphan drug status, development time, safety, and status of confirmatory trials of AAs and regular FDA approvals of new molecular entities (NMEs) for oncology indications since 1995.Median development times for AA NMEs (n = 19 drugs) and regular-approval oncology NMEs (n = 32 drugs) were 7.3 and 7.2 years, respectively. Phase III trials supported efficacy for 75% of regular-approval versus 26% of AA NMEs and for 73% of non-orphan versus 45% of orphan drug approvals. AA accounted for 78% of approvals for oncology NMEs between 2001 and 2003 but accounted for 32% in more recent years. Among AA NMEs, confirmatory trials were nine-fold less likely to be completed for orphan drug versus non-orphan drug indications. Postapproval, black box warnings were added to labels for four oncology NMEs (17%) that had received AA and for two oncology NMEs (9%) that had received regular approval.AA oncology NMEs are safe and effective, although development times are not accelerated. A return to endorsing phase II trial designs for AA for oncology NMEs, particularly for orphan drug indications, may facilitate timely FDA approval of novel cancer drugs.
Does a Positive Pittsburgh Compound B Scan in a Patient With Dementia Equal Alzheimer Disease?
Authors: Simon Ducharme, Marie-Christine Guiot, James Nikelski, Howard Chertkow
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> The clinical role of amyloid brain positron emission tomographic imaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is currently being formulated. The specificity of a positive amyloid scan is a matter of contention. <h3>Observations</h3> An 83-year-old Canadian man presented with a 5-year history of predominantly short-term memory loss and functional impairment. Clinical evaluation revealed significant, gradually progressive short-term memory loss in the absence of any history of strokes or other neuropsychiatric symptoms. The patient met clinical criteria for probable Alzheimer disease but had a higher than expected burden of white matter disease on magnetic resonance imaging. A positron emission tomographic Pittsburgh Compound B scan was highly positive in typical Alzheimer disease distribution. The patient died of an intracerebral hemorrhage 6 months after the assessment. Autopsy revealed cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the complete absence of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This patient demonstrates that a positive Pittsburgh Compound B scan in a patient with clinical dementia meeting criteria for probable Alzheimer disease is not proof of an Alzheimer disease pathophysiological process. A positive Pittsburgh Compound B scan in typical Alzheimer disease distribution in a patient with dementia can be secondary to cerebral amyloid angiopathy alone.
Equipped for Emergencies
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Malignant: Medical Ethicists Confront Cancer
Authors: James R. Egner
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Heart-lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis.
Authors: B. P. Madden, M. E. Hodson, M. H. Yacoub, E. W. Alton, P. J. Barnes, D. M. Denison, A. B. Kay, A. Newman-Taylor, D. M. Geddes
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Royal Brompton Grand RoundsHeart-lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis Can be successful despite contraindications About 6500 people in Britain have cystic fibrosis and only half of patients reach 19 years of age.'Despite recent improvements in treatment there is still a considerable morbidity and mortality.2The main cause of death is respiratory failure from chronic respiratory infection.Heart-lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis was first successfully carried out in 1985, and over 100 patients have now received transplants in Britain.34Case history A 29 year old man-had had cystic fibrosis c at the age of 4 years when he presented v absorption.At 14 years he had developed Royal Brompton National chest infections.Clinical treatment con, Heart and Lung Hospital, pancreatic enzymes, vitamins, chest physi London SW3 6HP antibiotics, and bronchodilators.In 1975 he I left abrasion pleurodesis and in 1981 a right Case presented by: pleurodesis for recurrent pneumothoraces.H(
A piece of my mind. Making the difference
Authors: D. L. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1988)

My afternoon patients started with Mr Lorenz. Age: 35 years. Complaint: lower back pain. Before seeing him I flipped through his chart. I couldn't quite recall his face but I did remember his visit several months previously for a mild upper respiratory tract infection. It had been during my first month of practice after residency. As I entered the examining room where he waited, I suddenly remembered him very well. He was polite, articulate, and healthy and was concerned about staying that way. The ease with which he stood as I entered the room assured me that his back pain couldn't be very severe. "Welcome back," I said, shaking his hand. "Thanks. Before I forget, I want to let you know I am wearing my seat belt now." "Great!" I exclaimed, partially for his encouragement but also from a sense of personal pride and sudden rejuvenation. I remembered talking with