tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myelodysplastic syndromes in children. A critical review of the clinical manifestations and management
Authors: Nicolas Novitzky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

The FAB group has defined myelodysplasia in adults but direct application of this categorization to children has been controversial. Consequently, to outline the natural history of the disease better we have retrospectively analysed case reports and series published in English between 1982 and 1996. This study also included children with juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (JCML) and monosomy 7 (Mo7). 340 patients were described in 27 publications. The mean presentation age was 5.91 (SD 5.04) years, and 34.9% were female. Constitutional alterations were described in 68 (20%) where refractory anemia (RA) and RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) predominated and were associated with a significantly longer survival. Among all patients progression to higher forms of MDS was noted in 61 (18%). Cytogenetic anomalies were detected in 59% of 227 children, and in 67 it was to Mo7. Amid those with Mo7, the clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as survival, closely followed their FAB type. Of the treatment options described, survival was significantly higher in those who underwent bone marrow transplant (BMT) (46.9%; P = 0.00021). Among children with JMML (CMML/JCML) not receiving a BMT, time to death was shortest in those best described as JCML (absence of constitutional and karyotypic derangement, thrombocytopenia and elevated Hb F). We conclude that children with constitutional abnormalities survive longer, Mo7 disorders are clinically and morphologically heterogeneous and should not be grouped into a single entity and that CMML and JCML may have biological differences. Finally, BMT remains the treatment of choice for those with primary MDS, as intensive chemotherapy is no better than supportive measures. Am. J. Hematol. 63:212–222, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Microfocal radiographic examination of erosions in the wrist and hand of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J C Buckland-Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The microfocal x-ray unit, a new type of x-ray machine characterised by an extremely small x-ray source, enables great detail to be recorded in the projection radiographs owing to the high object magnification and resolution obtained with this system. Microfocal radiographic examinations were carried out on the wrists and hands of 26 patients with early or moderately advanced rheumatoid arthritis. The macroradiographs confirmed the presence or absence of erosions in patients with early disease activity who otherwise had no detectable lesions visible in standard radiographs. The site of onset, development, and distribution of erosions are described. Their approximate order of appearance is listed. The first to appear occurred in the medial carpal bones, second and third metacarpophalangeal joints and third and fourth proximal interphalangeal joints. In origin they were subperiosteal either immediately adjacent to the insertion of an interosseous ligament or at the transitional zone of the articular cartilage. Erosions in the subchondral bone appeared subsequently and were either indirect (subperiosteal) or direct (subchondral) in origin. Cyst formation was frequently associated with the enlargement of an erosion which it often replaced.
The Treatment of Tuberculous Pericarditis
Authors: EDWIN M. GOYETTE, EDWIN L. OVERHOLT, ELLIOTT RAPAPORT
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Twenty-seven patients with clinically primary tuberculous pericarditis were treated with prolonged chemotherapy consisting of intermittent doses of streptomycin and daily doses of paraminosalicylic acid or isoniazid. Twenty-one patients did well and were symptom-free six months to three years later. Five, one of whom died, developed constrictive pericarditis. Another died of widely disseminated tuberculosis.
TCT-585 Six Month Results of the BIOLUX P-I First In Man Study Comparing a Paclitaxel Releasing Balloon Catheter versus an Uncoated Balloon Catheter in Femoropopliteal Lesions
Authors: Dierk Scheinert, Schulte Karl-Ludwig, Zeller Thomas, Andrej Schmidt, Ralf Langhoff, Aljoscha Rastan, Peter Pfaffinger, Johannes Lammer, Gunnar Tepe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Molecular Bad Actors and Thrombosis
Authors: Victor J. Marder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The delicate balance of biochemical and cellular processes that the hemostatic mechanism comprises is dramatically highlighted by disorders that are provoked when one of the molecular components is missing or inactive. The number of participants in these processes is large and, to the dismay of nonspecialists, still growing in both quantity and complexity. The basic premise is that the procoagulant tendencies of the plasma proteins, platelets, and vascular surface are balanced by antithrombotic tendencies; yet the two opposing forces operating in concert possess the potential for a highly focal and limited response to injury that will help return the perturbed . . .
Can you hear me now? A genetic model of otitis media with effusion
Authors: Evelyn Lazaridis, James C. Saunders
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is characterized by the occurrence of fluid in the middle-ear cavity in the absence of any signs of acute ear infection and occurs most frequently in children with auditory or eustachian tube dysfunction. Its chronic form is an important clinical issue for pediatricians and otologists alike. The study by Depreux et al. in this issue of the JCI shows that absence of the transcriptional activator Eya4 in knockout mice results in abnormal structuring of the eustachian tube, thus predisposing these animals to OME (see the related article beginning on page 651). The development of this genetics-based animal model is an important advance for understanding OME and for exploring new avenues of treatment.
Antigen processing by nardilysin and thimet oligopeptidase generates cytotoxic T cell epitopes
Authors: Jan H Kessler, Selina Khan, Ulrike Seifert, Sylvie Le Gall, K Martin Chow, Annette Paschen, Sandra A Bres-Vloemans, Arnoud de Ru, Nadine van Montfoort, Kees L M C Franken, Willemien E Benckhuijsen, Jill M Brooks, Thorbald van Hall, Kallol Ray, Arend Mulder, Ilias I N Doxiadis, Paul F van Swieten, Hermen S Overkleeft, Annik Prat, Birgitta Tomkinson, Jacques Neefjes, Peter M Kloetzel, David W Rodgers, Louis B Hersh, Jan W Drijfhout, Peter A van Veelen, Ferry Ossendorp, Cornelis J M Melief
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)
Mechanical Gallstone Lithotripsy in the Common Bile Duct - In-Vitro and In-Vivo Experience
Authors: M. Staritz, K. Ewe, K.-H. Meyer zum Büschenfelde
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

A prototype of a mechanical gallstone lithotripter is described. In vitro 29 gallstones were crushed without difficulty. After performing stone crushing in the common bile ducts of 3 corpses, the prepared ducts were not leaky and no damage to the tissue was observed. In 8 patients 10 common bile duct stones were crushed without complications. Mechanical gallstone lithotripsy has proved to be a safe procedure. With its aid the removal of small stones by endoscopic papillary dilatation has become possible. Large stones in patients with a high papillotomy risk can be crushed before extraction.
Hypercalcemia During the Diuretic Phase of Acute Renal Failure
Authors: ARTHUR J. SEGAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A case of hypercalcemia is presented that occurred during the diuretic phase of acute renal failure and lasted for 10 days. A period of oliguria that lasted 19 days and of hypocalcemia that lasted no more than 22 days preceded the development of hypercalcemia. Physicians treating patients in acute renal failure are urged to consider hypercalcemia as a hazard of the diuretic phase.
Hyaline and Calcified Pleural Plaques as an Index of Exposure to Asbestos
Authors: D. O. Hourihane, L. Lessof, P. C. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

should wish to do so.The problems now posed by motor-cars and drugs are in many ways similar.We must ensure that the price of advance is not too high and that accidents are reduced tb a minimum by foresight and care.Both are examined, licensed, and periodically reviewed.Roads and lines of com- munication of information are improved.The manufacturers are exhorted to introduce the latest safety devices and tests.However, in the final analysis, most depends on the driver and prescriber.
A rheumatological dilemma: is it possible to modify the course of rheumatoid arthritis? Can we answer the question?
Authors: T Pullar, H A Capell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The question 9Does the use of second-line therapy confer long-term benefit on outcome measures in rheumatoid arthritis?9 remains unanswered. The major obstacle which prevents collection of the necessary data is the lack of a suitable control group. In this report experience with three 9second-line placebo groups9 is described, and previous studies in the literature which incorporated a placebo group are reviewed. In the absence of concurrent corticosteroid therapy very few patients remain on placebo second-line medication after one year. Those that do, appear to have milder disease and are not representative of the group as a whole. Data on outcome measures need to be collected over two to five years, but the answer to the question which is posed does not depend upon larger and larger placebo groups which constitute increasing bias. To define the extent of benefit offered by the more powerful therapeutic agents a novel approach in regard to drug assessment will be required.
Nanocapsules incorporating IgG Fc-binding domain derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A for displaying IgGs on immunosensor chips
Authors: Masumi Iijima, Hiroyasu Kadoya, Satoko Hatahira, Shingo Hiramatsu, Giman Jung, Aaron Martin, John Quinn, Joohee Jung, Seong-Yun Jeong, Eun Kyung Choi, Takeshi Arakawa, Fumiyo Hinako, Masanobu Kusunoki, Nobuo Yoshimoto, Tomoaki Niimi, Katsuyuki Tanizawa, Shun’ichi Kuroda
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Concealed ventricular extrasystoles due to interference and due to exit block.
Authors: S Kinoshita
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Two cases of sinus rhythm with ventricular extrasystoles are reported in which extrasystoles arising from the same focus obey the rule of "comcealed bigeminy" and the "rule of bigeminy". In a comparatively rapid sinus rhythm, shortening of the sinus cycle favors the appearance of extrasystoles, and the extrasystoles obey the fule of "concealed bigeminy"; namely, sinus impulses intervene between extrasystoles in even numbers. The sinus impulses here include those both conducted and not conducted to the ventricles. Conversely, in a comparatively slow sinus rhythm, interectopic sinus impulses appear in odd numbers only, and the extrasystoles obey the "rule of bigeminy"; namely, lengthening of the sinus cycle favors the appearance of extrasystoles. From these observations, a new mechanism governing both of the rules is suggested as follows. Ectopic impulses arise following all the interctopic sinus beats, but they become concealed extrasystoles of two types. One of them is the "concealed extrasystole due to interference at the external end of the ventricular-ectopic (V-E) junction."The other is the "concealed extrasystole due to exit block within the V-E junction" because of refractoriness following stimulation. They alternate with each other. In the of "concealed begeminy", the last concealed extrasystole intervening between manifest extrasystoles is due to exit block, whereas in the "rule of bigeminy", it is due to interference.
Stimulus coupling to transcription versus secretion in pheochromocytoma cells. Convergent and divergent signal transduction pathways and the crucial roles for route of cytosolic calcium entry and protein kinase C.
Authors: K Tang, H Wu, S K Mahata, M Mahata, B M Gill, R J Parmer, D T O'Connor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

How do chromaffin cell secretory stimuli program resynthesis of secreted peptides and amines? We previously showed that the physiologic nicotinic cholinergic signal for secretion also activates the biosynthesis of chromogranin A, the major protein released with catecholamines. Here, we examine signal transduction pathways whereby secretory stimuli influence exocytotic secretion versus chromogranin A transcription. Both secretion and transcription depended on initial nicotinic-triggered sodium entry into the cytosol, followed by calcium entry through -type voltage-gated channels. When calcium entered through -type channels, activation of secretion paralleled activation of transcription (r = 0.897, P = 0.002). Calcium entry from intracellular stores or through calcium ionophore channels activated secretion, though not transcription. Nicotinic-stimulated transcription depended upon protein kinase C activation; nicotine caused translocation of protein kinase C to the cell membrane fraction, and inhibition of protein kinase C blocked activation of transcription, while activation of protein kinase C mimicked nicotine effects. Transcriptional responses to both nicotine and protein kinase C mapped principally onto the chromogranin A promoter's cAMP response element (TGACGTAA; CRE box). KCREB, a dominant negative mutant of the CRE-binding protein CREB, blunted activation of chromogranin A transcription by nicotine, phorbol ester, or membrane depolarization. We conclude that activation of chromogranin A transcription by secretory stimulation in chromaffin cells is highly dependent upon precise route of calcium entry into the cytosol; transcription occurred after entry of calcium through -type channels on the cell surface, and was mediated by protein kinase C activation. The trans-acting factor CREB ultimately relays the secretory signal to the chromogranin A promoter's CRE box in cis.
REPORT ON A MEETING ON THE PROPERTIES OF MELANINS
Authors: G. Prota, P.A. Riley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article REPORT ON A MEETING ON THE PROPERTIES OF MELANINS Get access G. Prota, G. Prota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.A. Riley P.A. Riley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 5, 1 November 1980, Pages 581–583, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb01674.x Published: 01 November 1980
Abstract 5370: Adjuvant breast cancer vaccine improves overall survival of patients with depressed immunity
Authors: Jonathan F. Head, Robert L. Elliott
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer patients were vaccinated in the adjuvant setting with a whole cell vaccine, containing autologous and allogeneic breast cancer cells, to evaluate the effect on host lymphocyte immunity and overall survival. We began preparing whole cell preparations for a breast cancer vaccine clinical trial in 1995. Stage I and II breast cancer patients had host lymphocyte immunity against tumors associated antigens evaluated before standard therapy. Those patients with depressed immunity determined by a lymphocyte blastogenesis assay (LBA) were offered the whole cell vaccine. Patients were given six intradermal injections (three weekly followed by three monthly). Ten weeks after the last injection the LBA was repeated. Thirty-seven patients were vaccinated in the adjuvant setting with the whole cell vaccine, containing autologous and allogeneic breast cancer cells. Some patients experienced slight pain and swelling at the injection site. There were no severe toxicities and the vaccine was well tolerated. There has been a ten year follow-up for all vaccinated patients. The survival data of the vaccinated patients with depressed immunity (79% survival at 10 years) compared to an historic control of unvaccinated patients with depressed immunity to their tumor associated antigens (59% survival at 10 years), demonstrates an improvement in overall survival of the vaccinated patients. This study confirms the importance of maintaining good host lymphocyte immunity after completion of standard therapy, and validates cancer immunotherapy in the adjuvant setting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5370. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5370
519 CELLULAR TH1 AND TH2 IMMUNE RESPONSES TO ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE WITHIN THE LIVER OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL-RELATED CIRRHOSIS DESPITE ABSTINENCE
Authors: L.J. Blackmore, X. Huang, M.J. Hussain, E. Triantafyllou, C.G. Antoniades, N. Heaton, W. Jassem, D.L. Shawcross, D. Vergani, Y. Ma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Combination of retinoic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid attenuates liver injury in bile duct-ligated rats and human hepatic cells
Authors: Hongwei He, Albert Mennone, James L. Boyer, Shi-Ying Cai
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Cholestasis leads to liver cell death, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually liver failure. Despite limited benefits, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for cholestatic disorders. Retinoic acid (RA) is a ligand for nuclear receptors that modulate bile salt homeostasis. RA also possesses immunomodulatory effects and is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis, acne, and rheumatoid arthritis. To test whether the supplementation of RA with UDCA is superior to UDCA alone for treating cholestasis, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent common bile duct ligation (BDL) for 14 days and were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), UDCA, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), or UDCA and atRA by gavage. Treatment with UDCA and atRA substantially improved animal growth rates, significantly reduced liver fibrosis and bile duct proliferation, and nearly eliminated liver necrosis after BDL. Reductions in the bile salt pool size and liver hydroxyproline content were also seen with treatment with atRA or atRA and UDCA versus PBS and UDCA. Furthermore, atRA and UDCA significantly reduced liver messenger RNA and/or protein expression of transforming growth factor β1 (Tgf-β1), collagen 1a1 (Col1A1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp2), cytokeratin 19, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), cytochrome P450 7A1 (Cyp7a1), tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-β1. The molecular mechanisms of this treatment were also assessed in human hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and LX-2 cells. atRA alone or in combination with UDCA greatly repressed CYP7A1 expression in human hepatocytes and significantly inhibited COL1A1, MMP2, and α-SMA expression and/or activity in primary human hepatic stellate cells and LX-2 cells. Furthermore, atRA reduced TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in LX-2 cells.
Changes in BMA policy on assisted dying
Authors: Ann Sommerville
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In June 2005, the BMA became the third UK medical organisation to withdraw its opposition to the legalisation of assisted dying.Despite its history of opposition, delegates at the annual representative meeting voted narrowly to leave the matter to parliament.The royal colleges of general practitioners and physicians withdrew opposition in October 2004, saying it was a matter for society but stressing that neutrality was not support for assisted dying. 1 2 However, the colleges are reviewing their stance because of criticism from members.This paper considers the events leading up to the change in BMA policy and its implications for future work surrounding the issue.
Abstract 5430: Epigenetic targeting by histone deacetylase inhibitors reduces viability and induces apoptosis in human embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Arvinder Bhinder, Vivek Varma, Besma Abbaoui, Steven K. Clinton, Amir Mortazavi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The disruption of the epigenetic regulation, including the acetylation status of nucleosomal histones, impacts gene expression; and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are being evaluated for anticancer activity based upon their ability to induce differentiation, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and enhance sensitivity to apoptotic signaling. Although, germ cell tumors (GCT) have a high cure rate, effective agents with less toxicity are desired. Most critically, those with relapsed/refractory disease need new and effective second line agents. Serendipitously, in murine studies of prostate carcinogenesis with a novel HDACI developed at the Ohio State University we observed significant testicular atrophy, with essentially no histopathologic toxicity to other organs [Cancer Res 2008; 68:(10)]. This observation led us to investigate the in vitro effects of HDACIs (our novel HDACI and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid - SAHA) in the NTERA-2, an embryonal carcinoma cell line derived from a human testicular cancer. We evaluated their dose- and time-dependent effects on cell viability (MTS assay), apoptosis (caspase-3/7 activity, and PARP cleavage); and HDAC inhibition (immunoblotting). Assessment of cell signaling pathways (EGFR, and ErbB2) and anti-apoptotic molecules (Bcl-2) were performed by immunoblotting. Treatment of NTERA-2 cells with HDACIs at 0.1 - 10 µM concentrations showed a time- and dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. The IC50, at 72 hours of treatment, was 0.2 µM for our novel HDACI compared to 1.5 µM for SAHA. Both agents significantly induced apoptosis, but SAHA was less potent. Our novel HDACI significantly down-regulated the expression of EGFR, ErbB2 and Bcl-2 along with increased acetylation of histones H-3 and H-4, in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were more potent than observed with SAHA. In conclusion, HDACIs, especially our novel HDACI, appear to be potent inhibitors of cell viability and inducers of apoptosis in NTERA-2 human embryonal carcinoma cells. Our studies suggest that chromatin hyperacetylation, resulting in a coordinated change in recruitment of epigenetic modulators and transcription factors including tumor suppressor genes may result from targeted HDACI in germ cell cancers. The further preclinical development of HDACIs for the treatment of advanced germ cell tumors is underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5430.