tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low level radioactive waste.
Authors: M A Pitman, A Sargood
Journal: BMJ (1990)

multiply in food but can be controlled by good practice.Systematic and continuous monitoring of these points requires commitment by management and education and training of employees at all levels.A large investment in training may be offset by abandoning obsolete and ineffective procedures.An approach called the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system is being introduced in several countries, and the example-worked out in detail in the World Health Organisation report for salmonellosis illustrates the analysis and identification of control points for different foods.7 Investment in education and training with detailed monitor- ing of critical points in the production and processing of food may be a more effective approach to safety than legal measures to allocate blame after things have unnecessarily gone wrong.The two strategies are not incompatible and can be mutually supportive.Can we hope to remove human error?Probably not, but at least we could try harder.
Role of bronchial responsiveness testing in asthma prevalence surveys
Authors: N. PEARCE
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Thirty years ago Staphylococcus aureus and not Pseudomonas aeruginosa was considered to be the most important lung pathogen in cystic fibrosis. 1 Those who believed that P aeruginosa was a pathogen in cystic fibrosis thought that various virulence factors such as exotoxin A, exoenzyme S, elastase, alkaline protease, phospholipase C, lipopolysaccharide and phenazine pigments were responsible for the lung tissue damage by drawing parallels with acute P aeruginosa infections in patients with burns or leukaemia. 2Only acute exacerbations, frequently caused by a virus, 3 were therefore treated with antibiotics, although invasive disseminating P aeruginosa infection on July 12, 2023 by guest.
Symptomatic Joint Effusions in Sickle Cell-β-Thalassemia Disease
Authors: James E. Crout
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ARTHRALGIAS and joint effusions have been observed in patients with sickle cell disease (hemoglobin SS).<sup>1,2</sup>In addition, joints may be involved in sickle cell disease by gout and septic arthritis. Aseptic necrosis occurs with sickle cell disease,<sup>3,4</sup>hemoglobin SC disease,<sup>3</sup>and hemoglobin SA disease.<sup>5</sup> In sickle cell-β-thalassemia, aseptic necrosis<sup>3,6</sup>has been noted, but other types of arthropathy have not been demonstrated. In one report<sup>1</sup>on arthropathy of sickle cell disease, casual observation of patients with sickle cell-thalassemia and joint effusions unrelated to crisis was mentioned in passing. This report describes clinical and synovial fluid findings in a patient with sickle cell-β-thalassemia and symptomatic joint effusions. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old black man was seen at the Mayo Clinic complaining of recurrent myalgias and polyarthralgias, with intermittent swelling of the knees and elbows since he was 5 years of age. The patient had had
Deaths from peptic ulceration
Authors: R M Watkins, J. Collin
Journal: BMJ (1985)

principle of self medication and the disastrous laissez- faire of drug abuse.If the proponents have no appeal to our intellect what of Dr Rosenberg's appeal to our pockets (31 August, p 601)?While it is impossible to draw parallels between our system and one which charges by the millimetre for excised skin tumours, it does emphasise the uncomfortable and disturbing com- mercial undertone to this debate, because the pressure for OTC licensing seems arise not just from a defined patient need and proved response but also from the logic of industrial profit.Finally, there is Professor Greaves's serious suggestion that "the onus is clearly on the opponents to provide evidence why hydro- cortisone should not be introduced for OTC use."The onus of proof is, and must remain, with those who introduce a drug, a new route of administration, or dosage.They must provide evidence of need, effect, and safety; and, of course, it is because they can do none of these that they wish to shift the responsibility.Now that all the OTC pennants are fluttering side by side in the academic breeze we can see how threadbare they are, despite their gaudy colours.After such a show surely it is inconceivable that any regulatory body in the UK can possibly approve OTC licensing of topical hydrocortisone or any other corticosteroid.
Multilineage dysplasia does not influence prognosis in CEBPA-mutated AML, supporting the WHO proposal to classify these patients as a unique entity
Authors: Ulrike Bacher, Susanne Schnittger, Katja Macijewski, Vera Grossmann, Alexander Kohlmann, Tamara Alpermann, Andreas Kowarsch, Niroshan Nadarajah, Wolfgang Kern, Claudia Haferlach, Torsten Haferlach
Journal: Blood (2012)
COMPARISON OF MDCT MEASUREMENTS OF AORTIC ANNULUS SIZE IN SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE: A MULTICENTER EVALUATION
Authors: Jonathon Leipsic, Alexander Willson, Stephan Achenbach, James Min, Troy LaBounty, Ronen Gurvitch, Stefan Toggweiler, Ronald Binder, Robert Moss, Ricardo Cury, Christopher Thompson, bjarne norgaard, Rohan Poulter, David Wood, John Webb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Immunologic Abnormalities in Patients Receiving Multiple Blood Transfusions
Authors: PEDRO GASCÓN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Concern for the potential risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among blood cell recipients led us to measure immunologic functions in patients who had received multiple transfusions. Abnormalities of two immunologic tests, natural killer cell function and helper/suppressor (T4/T8) lymphocyte subpopulation ratio, have characterized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and are prevalent in populations at risk for this syndrome. Natural killer cell function was severely depressed in multiply transfused patients. However, T4/T8 ratios were normal in this population. The role of chronic antigenic stimulation was studied by measurement of HLA-DR expression on T cells. The expression of HLA-DR antigen is markedly elevated in multiply transfused patients. These results show that chronic exposure to foreign antigens may be associated with abnormalities of immunologic function, but that chronically transfused patients do not have the same immunologic profile as reported in some homosexuals and hemophiliacs.
Interaction of Commonly Prescribed Drugs and Warfarin
Authors: DONALD S. ROBINSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The recognition of drugs that interact with warfarin has clinical relevance because of potential serious reactions as a result of the complexities of multiple drug therapy. Because of their frequent use in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy, four drugs—chlordiazepoxide, secobarbital, amobarbital, and chlorothiazide—were studied in eight subjects for possible interaction with warfarin. The administration of hypnotic doses of both barbiturates, secobarbital and amobarbital, significantly accelerated the plasma disappearance and decreased the hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin. Neither chlordiazepoxide nor chlorothiazide, administered in standard doses, caused significant alterations in warfarin's action or metabolism. An analysis of variance of the data failed to detect any other effects due to sex, time of year, or sequence of the drugs during the treatment periods. Drugs that can be used safely with warfarin without risk of unpredictable fluctuations in its pharmacologic effect need to be identified.
Correcting temperature-sensitive protein folding defects.
Authors: C R Brown, L Q Hong-Brown, W J Welch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Recently, we found that different low molecular weight compounds, all known to stabilize proteins in their native conformation, are effective in correcting the temperature-sensitive protein folding defect associated with the deltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein. Here we examined whether the folding of other proteins which exhibit temperature-sensitive folding defects also could be corrected via a similar strategy. Cell lines expressing temperature-sensitive mutants of the tumor suppressor protein p53, the viral oncogene protein pp60src, or a ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, were incubated at the nonpermissive temperature (39.5 degrees C) in the presence of glycerol, trimethylamine N-oxide or deuterated water. In each case, the cells exhibited phenotypes similar to those observed when the cells were incubated at the permissive temperature (32.5 degrees C), indicative that the particular protein folding defect had been corrected. These observations, coupled with our earlier work and much older studies in yeast and bacteria, indicate that protein stabilizing agents are effective in vivo for correcting protein folding abnormalities. We suggest that this type of approach may prove to be useful for correcting certain protein folding abnormalities associated with human diseases.
Operative approaches in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Basil Helal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To study the cancer incidence rates over 10 years (2010–2019), in Lahore, Pakistan. <h3>Design</h3> An incidence study. <h3>Setting</h3> The population-based Punjab Cancer Registry was established in 2005 in Lahore, which is the provincial metropolis of the province of Punjab (five rivers), and is located in the northeast region of Pakistan. The coordinating office of the Registry is located within Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center. Both the active and passive forms of data collection are used. <h3>Participants</h3> Residents of the district of Lahore diagnosed with cancer. The average annual population of Lahore was estimated at 11.1 million. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> Cancer counts and incidence rates per 100 000 population, by age-group, sex and cancer site/type, over 10 years. <h3>Results</h3> In Lahore, from 2010 to 2019, 58 394 incident cases were reported, with the majority seen in females (57.1%). Adults accounted for 92.2%, adolescents 2.2% and children 5.6% of the total cases. Per 100 000 population, the age-standardised incidence rate was 103.4 for females and 65.6 for males. Among females, the highest incidence rates were recorded for breast cancer (76.7) in adults, bone tumour (1.2) in adolescents and lymphoid leukaemia (1.6) in children, and among males, prostate cancer (10.7) in adults, bone tumour (2.2) in young adults and lymphoid leukaemia (2.4) in children. The age-specific incidence rates peaked in the 60–70 year group, reaching a high of 420 per 100 000 in women and 330 per 1 00 000 men. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In Lahore, the incidence rates for cancers of the breast, prostate, lymphoid leukaemia and bone were among the highest documented. More cases were recorded in females than in males. The results reported could be used as a reference point for assessing the effectiveness of future interventions.
Death and Injury by Firearms: Who Cares?
Authors: Janine Jagger
Journal: JAMA (1986)

FIREARMS are a major source of death and injury in the United States. The most recent available figures from the National Center for Health Statistics show that in 1982, firearms killed 33,000 people in the United States (1,756 unintentional, 16,575 suicides, 13,841 homicides, 276 legal action, and 540 intent undetermined). Firearms are second only to motor vehicles as the most important cause of injury deaths. There are currently 15 firearm-related deaths per 100,000 US population per year compared with about 20 per 100,000 US population for motor vehicles. Firearms are responsible for two of three homicides and four of seven suicides.<sup>1</sup>Despite the magnitude of this problem, we know remarkably little about the ways in which firearms impair the health of the public. Most of what we do know has been pieced together from mortality data because of the accessibility and completeness of vital records. Mortality alone, however, does
A "Safety-Pin" Caval Clip
Authors: Richard L. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Simple compartmentation of the inferior vena cava by suture and plastic-clip method has been shown to be reasonably effective in preventing lethal pulmonary emboli from lower body sites.<sup>1</sup>Although improvements of the serrarated Teflon clip have been recently reported,<sup>2</sup>several nuisance features remain. The clip is not tailored to vein size, placement of the clip requires some tedious mobilization of the inferior vena cava, and the clip is fixed in place by a tie which is subject to the weaknesses of the operator and the material used. The disadvantages of the Teflon appliances can be obviated by use of clips of universally available Kirschner wire. This simple substitute can provide the frugal surgeon with an available tool in nearly any surgical setting. <h3>Methods and Materials:—</h3> The diameter of the inferior vena cava is measured in its distended state with a sterile centimeter rule. The smallest
Private finance initiatives to build hospitals do not provide value for money, English MPs warn
Authors: M. Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Private finance initiatives (PFI) used to fund the building of hospitals and other major infrastructure projects do not provide taxpayers with value for money and the long term contracts impose inflexible conditions, says a report from English MPs.

PFIs seemed attractive to government departments because the capital upfront costs are covered by the private sector and do not have to be included in departmental budgets.

But MPs on the Treasury Select Committee, a group that looks at public spending, are concerned that this incentive has caused departments to make poor investment decisions. The committee found that the debt to the taxpayer on a £1.7bn (€1.9bn; $2.8bn) publically funded project was similar to that of a £1bn PFI investment over the same period.

Andrew Tyrie MP, chairman of the committee, said, “PFIs should be brought on balance sheet and we must also impose much more robust criteria on projects that …
Editorial: X-rated words
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The careful writer (speaker) faces a dilemma when he or she wishes to write (speak) about a person of either sex but not both. Often he or she resorts to the his/her construction, or he or she writes (speaks) of "his," hoping that the reader (listener) will not think of him or her as a male chauvinist. Evidently, it's a troublesome problem when one is writing (speaking) of a person and wishes to indicate that the person's sex is not a factor. (Please do not misinterpret the word "sex";<i>sex</i>is not implied.) Professor Attlebury Smith-Petri, known to some of his associates as "the Artful Dodger," with no apologies to Dickens, has proposed the use of a coined word "hisser" to solve the dilemma. The professor's associates at Elsewhere College contend that he has simply eradicated a virgule and produced a word that simulates a snake's vocal rendition or that
Tuberculous Pericarditis Identified With Gallium-67 and Indium-111 Leukocyte Imaging
Authors: UWE SCHMIDT, ISRAEL F REBARBER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A case of tuberculous pericarditis in a 46-year-old man who is HIV positive is presented in which increased activity on both Ga-67, and ln-111 WBC imaging is demonstrated.
MEMORIAL TO THE LATE PROFESSOR PETER THOMPSON
Authors: J. C. Brash, L. G. Parsons, H. N. Shufflebotham
Journal: BMJ (1924)

<h3>Background</h3> Septic shock is a public health problem with high mortality. There remains a knowledge gap regarding the optimal resuscitation fluid to improve clinical outcomes, and the underlying mechanism by which fluids exert their effect. Shock-induced endotheliopathy (SHINE) is thought to be a shared pathophysiologic mechanism associated with worsened outcomes in critically ill trauma and sepsis patients. SHINE is characterized by breakdown of the glycocalyx—a network of membrane-bound proteoglycans and glycoproteins that covers the endothelium. This has been associated with capillary leakage and microvascular thrombosis, organ dysfunction, and mortality. Biomarkers of SHINE have been shown to correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock. Interventions to mitigate SHINE may improve outcomes in patients with septic shock. In surgical/trauma patients with septic shock, initial plasma resuscitation as compared with balanced crystalloid (BC) resuscitation will mitigate biomarkers of SHINE and improve clinical outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> A pilot, single-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) will compare initial plasma to BC resuscitation in surgical and trauma patients with septic shock. Patients will be enrolled based on a Sepsis Screening Score of ≥4 with a suspected source of infection. Patient randomization only occurs if they meet the criteria: (1) hypotension with mean arterial pressure &lt;65 mm Hg, and (2) evidence of hypoperfusion including lactic acid &gt;4 mmol/L, altered mental status or decreased urine output of &lt;0.5 mL/kg in the past hour. <h3>Results</h3> The primary outcome is a reduction in serum biomarkers at 6 hours. Secondary outcomes will include clinical outcomes such as intensive care unit-free days, organ dysfunction, and in-hospital mortality. <h3>Discussion</h3> This trial will provide insights into the effects of initial plasma resuscitation on SHINE. Furthermore, it will provide unbiased estimates regarding the feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of plasma resuscitation in septic shock on which to base subsequent adequately powered multicenter RCTs. <h3>Trail registration number</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03366220).
Abstract 1850: BRCA1-regulating microRNAs, miR-146a and miR-638, are overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer tumors.
Authors: Valentina Zavala, Wanda Fernandez, Adolfo Cruz, Laura Segovia, Mauricio Camus, Pilar Carvallo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract microRNAs are non-coding RNA sequences of about 22 nucleotides long that participate in post transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. Its deregulation has been associated to breast cancer development and treatment resistance. Triple negative breast tumors are characterized by its difficult treatment due to lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors and ERBB2. In addition, a high proportion do not express BRCA1; a breast cancer high susceptibility gene. BRCA1 expression can be regulated by different mechanisms as we have confirmed in our laboratory, such as methylation of its gene promoter, mutations and deletions due genomic rearrangements. Although there are tumors that do not present any of these abnormalities, they express low nuclear BRCA1 levels or they do not express the protein at all. This is why analyzing levels of microRNAs that are shown to regulate BRCA1 mRNA expression is an interesting additional mechanism to be evaluated. There is experimental evidence that miR-146a and mir-638 regulate BRCA1 expression. We therefore analyzed miR-146a and miR-638 in triple negative breast cancer tumors (n=41). Briefly, total RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed tumors. Then, both microRNAs were evaluated using qPCR TaqMan assay and compared with BRCA1 expression previously determined by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed overexpression of miR-146a in 68% of the analyzed tumors and miR-638 in 82%. Among those tumors presenting abnormal BRCA1 expression (n=24), 50% showed an increase of miR-146a and 75% presented miR-638 overexpression. Both microRNAs showed a discrete overexpression in tumors with normal levels of BRCA1 (n=16). Finally, this data suggest that microRNAs might regulate BRCA1 expression in triple negative tumors. Citation Format: Valentina Zavala, Wanda Fernandez, Adolfo Cruz, Laura Segovia, Mauricio Camus, Pilar Carvallo. BRCA1-regulating microRNAs, miR-146a and miR-638, are overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1850. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1850
Ministers consider measures to reduce UK's 1500 daily claims for whiplash
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Panels of independent doctors may be set up to assess whiplash claims as part of a bid by the UK government to curb spurious and exaggerated claims.

The move is one of a range of measures on which the government is to consult this summer after a surge in the number of questionable whiplash claims, which insurers say has added £90 (€110; $145) to the average car insurance premium.

Ministers say that the UK has become the “whiplash capital of Europe,” with drivers and passengers making 1500 claims a day for whiplash injuries. Five ministers met insurers and consumer groups at a …
Ophthalmologists should take an active role in community eye care
Authors: H. Dua
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The views expressed by Clarke are his own and may not be shared by all ophthalmologists.1

Ophthalmologists are the only medically trained workforce with expertise in providing a holistic approach to the diagnosis and treatment, including surgery, of patients with eye diseases. However, the contribution that optometrists and GPs make to looking after the basic eye …
TLR4 signaling augments B lymphocyte migration and overcomes the restriction that limits access to germinal center dark zones
Authors: Il-Young Hwang, Chung Park, Kathleen Harrison, John H. Kehrl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

B lymphocyte-intrinsic Toll-like receptor (TLR) signals amplify humoral immunity and can exacerbate autoimmune diseases. We identify a new mechanism by which TLR signals may contribute to autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. We show that TLR4 signaling enhances B lymphocyte trafficking into lymph nodes (LNs), induces B lymphocyte clustering and interactions within LN follicles, leads to sustained in vivo B cell proliferation, overcomes the restriction that limits the access of nonantigen-activated B cells to germinal center dark zones, and enhances the generation of memory and plasma cells. Intravital microscopy and in vivo tracking studies of B cells transferred to recipient mice revealed that TLR4-activated, but not nonstimulated, B cells accumulated within the dark zones of preexisting germinal centers even when transferred with antigen-specific B cells. The TLR4-activated cells persist much better than nonstimulated cells, expanding both within the memory and plasma cell compartments. TLR-mediated activation of B cells may help to feed and stabilize the spontaneous and ectopic germinal centers that are so commonly found in autoimmune individuals and that accompany chronic inflammation.