tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microwaves from Mobile Phones Inhibit 53BP1 Focus Formation in Human Stem Cells More Strongly Than in Differentiated Cells: Possible Mechanistic Link to Cancer Risk
Authors: Eva Markovà, Lars O.G. Malmgren, Igor Y. Belyaev
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

It is widely accepted that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their misrepair in stem cells are critical events in the multistage origination of various leukemias and tumors, including gliomas.We studied whether microwaves from mobile telephones of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and the Universal Global Telecommunications System (UMTS) induce DSBs or affect DSB repair in stem cells.We analyzed tumor suppressor TP53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci that are typically formed at the sites of DSB location (referred to as DNA repair foci) by laser confocal microscopy.Microwaves from mobile phones inhibited formation of 53BP1 foci in human primary fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. These data parallel our previous findings for human lymphocytes. Importantly, the same GSM carrier frequency (915 MHz) and UMTS frequency band (1947.4 MHz) were effective for all cell types. Exposure at 905 MHz did not inhibit 53BP1 foci in differentiated cells, either fibroblasts or lymphocytes, whereas some effects were seen in stem cells at 905 MHz. Contrary to fibroblasts, stem cells did not adapt to chronic exposure during 2 weeks.The strongest microwave effects were always observed in stem cells. This result may suggest both significant misbalance in DSB repair and severe stress response. Our findings that stem cells are most sensitive to microwave exposure and react to more frequencies than do differentiated cells may be important for cancer risk assessment and indicate that stem cells are the most relevant cellular model for validating safe mobile communication signals.
Stimulation of Insulin Secretion by Long-Chain Free Fatty Acids. A DIRECT PANCREATIC EFFECT
Authors: Stephen R. Crespin, William B. Greenough, Daniel Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A continuous-flow centrifuge was used to infuse sodium salts of oleic, linoleic, lauric, or palmitic acid into the pancreatic artery of anesthetized dogs. In these regional perfusion studies there was no increase in FFA levels in the general circulation. Elevation of pancreatic FFA levels produced an immediate increase in pancreatic venous immunoreactive insulin (IRI). After 10 min of FFA infusion. IRI levels declined somewhat from the initial peak response but soon rose again to high levels which were then sustained until the infusion was terminated. All four long-chain FFA tested produced a similar biphasic IRI response. Clearcut increases in IRI were associated with absolute FFA levels (measured in pancreaticoduodenal venous plasma) as low as 0.6-0.8 mueq/ml and with increments over basal levels of as little as 0.4-0.5 mueq/ml. At higher levels of FFA, absolute IRI levels in the pancreatic venous effluent exceeded 1,000 muU/ml in some experiments and 5- to 10-fold increases over basal values were observed. These studies indicate that long-chain FFA, in physiological concentrations, can markedly stimulate insulin secretion by a direct effect on the pancreas. The results lend support to the concept of insulin as a hormone that is importantly involved in regulating the metabolism of all three principal classes of metabolic substrates and whose release is in turn regulated by all of them. The relative importance and precise nature of its physiologic role in the regulation of lipolysis, lipid deposition, and ketone body formation remains to be established.
A novel cosmetic approach to treat thinning hair
Authors: M.G. Davis, J.H. Thomas, S. van de Velde, Y. Boissy, T.L. Dawson, R. Iveson, K. Sutton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Background Many of today's treatments associated with 'thinning hair', such as female pattern hair loss and telogen effluvium, are focused on two of the key aspects of the condition. Over‐the‐counter or prescription medications are often focused on improving scalp hair density while high‐quality cosmetic products work to prevent further hair damage and minimize mid‐fibre breakage. Fibre diameter is another key contributor to thinning hair, but it is less often the focus of medical or cosmetic treatments. Objectives To examine the ability of a novel leave‐on technology combination [caffeine, niacinamide, panthenol, dimethicone and an acrylate polymer (CNPDA)] to affect the diameter and behaviour of individual terminal scalp hair fibres as a new approach to counteract decreasing fibre diameters. Methods Testing methodology included fibre diameter measures via laser scan micrometer, assessment of fibre mechanical and behavioural properties via tensile break stress and torsion pendulum testing, and mechanistic studies including cryoscanning electron microscopy and autoradiographic analysis. Results CNPDA significantly increased the diameter of individual, existing terminal scalp hair fibres by 2–5 μm, which yields an increase in the cross‐sectional area of approximately 10%. Beyond the diameter increase, the CNPDA‐thickened fibres demonstrated the altered mechanical properties characteristic of thicker fibres: increased suppleness/pliability (decreased shear modulus) and better ability to withstand force without breaking (increased break stress). Conclusions Although cosmetic treatments will not reverse the condition, this new approach may help to mitigate the effects of thinning hair.
Effect of Community-Based Interventions on High-Risk Drinking and Alcohol-Related Injuries
Authors: Harold D. Holder
Journal: JAMA (2000)

High-risk alcohol consumption patterns, such as binge drinking and drinking before driving, and underage drinking may be linked to traffic crashes and violent assaults in community settings.To determine the effect of community-based environmental interventions in reducing the rate of high-risk drinking and alcohol-related motor vehicle injuries and assaults.A longitudinal multiple time series of 3 matched intervention communities (northern California, southern California, and South Carolina) conducted from April 1992 to December 1996. Outcomes were assessed by 120 general population telephone surveys per month of randomly selected individuals in the intervention and comparison sites, traffic data on motor vehicle crashes, and emergency department surveys in 1 intervention-comparison pair and 1 additional intervention site.Mobilize the community; encourage responsible beverage service; reduce underage drinking by limiting access to alcohol; increase local enforcement of drinking and driving laws; and limit access to alcohol by using zoning.Self-reported alcohol consumption and driving after drinking; rates of alcohol-related crashes and assault injuries observed in emergency departments and admitted to hospitals.Population surveys revealed that the self-reported amount of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion declined 6% from 1.37 to 1. 29 drinks. Self-reported rate of "having had too much to drink" declined 49% from 0.43 to 0.22 times per 6-month period. Self-reported driving when "over the legal limit" was 51% lower (0. 77 vs 0.38 times) per 6-month period in the intervention communities relative to the comparison communities. Traffic data revealed that, in the intervention vs comparison communities, nighttime injury crashes declined by 10% and crashes in which the driver had been drinking declined by 6%. Assault injuries observed in emergency departments declined by 43% in the intervention communities vs the comparison communities, and all hospitalized assault injuries declined by 2%.A coordinated, comprehensive, community-based intervention can reduce high-risk alcohol consumption and alcohol-related injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes and assaults. JAMA. 2000;284:2341-2347.
How Many Glomerular Profiles Must Be Measured to Obtain Reliable Estimates of Mean Glomerular Areas in Human Renal Biopsies?
Authors: Wendy E. Hoy, Terence Samuel, Michael D. Hughson, Jennifer L. Nicol, John F. Bertram
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

The objective of this study was to investigate the number of glomerular profiles that are required for accurate estimates of mean profile area in a renal biopsy series. Slides from 384 renal biopsies from one center were reviewed. They contained a median of seven glomerular profiles or of four profiles without sclerosis. Profile areas were measured using stereologic point counting. The "true individual mean" for each biopsy was calculated and the "true population mean" for groups of biopsies derived. Individual and population "random sample means" then were calculated from a random sampling of profiles in each biopsy and were compared with true means for the same biopsies. The effect on the true population means of the entire group of biopsies was also assessed, as the minimum number of glomerular profiles that were required for inclusion was changed. In a single biopsy, random sampling of > or =10 profiles without exclusions and of eight profiles or more without sclerosis reliably estimated the true mean areas. In a group of 30 biopsies, random sampling of five or more glomeruli per biopsy reliably estimated the true population mean. In the aggregate series, inclusion of all 384 biopsies produced the most robust true population mean; the reliability of the estimates decreased as the numbers of eligible biopsies diminished with increasing requisite minimum numbers of profiles per biopsy. We conclude that, while > or =10 profiles might be needed for reliable area estimates in a single biopsy, far fewer profiles per biopsy can suffice when groups of biopsies are studied. In analyses of groups of biopsies, all available biopsies should be used without consideration of the number of glomerular profiles in each. Stipulation of a specific minimum number of glomeruli in each biopsy for inclusion reduces the power of analyses because fewer biopsies are available for evaluation.
ADDISON'S ANAEMIA: THE OCCASIONAL FAILURE OF LIVER THERAPY
Authors: A. H. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1929)

02 NoV. 23, 1929J .ADDISONS ANAEMIA 1 ID1CAL Jou diathermiiy.But if the patienit is stoutt-hearted tiicre is no reason wlhy a little more slhould not be diathermized.Subsequenit to the operation,, as the effect of thie aniaes-
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Signaling Negatively Modulates Lymphatic Development in Vertebrate Embryos
Authors: William P. Dunworth, Jose Cardona-Costa, Esra Cagavi Bozkulak, Jun-Dae Kim, Stryder Meadows, Johanna C. Fischer, Yeqi Wang, Ondine Cleaver, Yibing Qyang, Elke A. Ober, Suk-Won Jin
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Rationale: The emergence of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) seems to be highly regulated during development. Although several factors that promote the differentiation of LECs in embryonic development have been identified, those that negatively regulate this process are largely unknown. Objective: Our aim was to delineate the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 signaling in lymphatic development. Methods and Results: BMP2 signaling negatively regulates the formation of LECs. Developing LECs lack any detectable BMP signaling activity in both zebrafish and mouse embryos, and excess BMP2 signaling in zebrafish embryos and mouse embryonic stem cell–derived embryoid bodies substantially decrease the emergence of LECs. Mechanistically, BMP2 signaling induces expression of miR-31 and miR-181a in a SMAD-dependent mechanism, which in turn results in attenuated expression of prospero homeobox protein 1 during development. Conclusions: Our data identify BMP2 as a key negative regulator for the emergence of the lymphatic lineage during vertebrate development.
One very rare and one new tracheal tumour found by electron microscopy: glomus tumour and acinic cell tumour resembling carcinoid tumours by light microscopy.
Authors: B E Heard, A Dewar, R K Firmin, S C Lennox
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Tracheal tumours were removed surgically from two patients and diagnosed as carcinoid tumours by routine light microscopy. At a later date, electron microscopy was performed on stored tumour tissue and no neurosecretory granules were found in either case. One showed features of a glomus tumour and the other of an acinic cell tumour. Only two glomus tumours appear to have been reported previously in the trachea, and no acinic cell tumours. Electron microscopy is thus sometimes of great assistance in diagnosing accurately unusual tumours of the lower respiratory tract.
Changes in safety on England's roads: analysis of hospital statistics
Authors: Mike Gill, Michael J Goldacre, David G R Yeates
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare trends in the numbers of people with serious traffic injuries according to police statistics and hospital episode statistics (HES). <b>Design</b> Descriptive study based on two independent population based data sources. <b>Setting</b> Police statistics and hospital episode statistics in England. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Rates of injury and death and their change over time reported in each data source, for 1996 to 2004. <b>Results</b> According to police statistics, rates of people killed or seriously injured on the roads fell consistently from 85.9 per 100 000 in 1996 to 59.4 per 100 000 in 2004. Over the same time, however, hospital admission rates for traffic injuries were almost unchanged at 90.0 in 1996 and 91.1 in 2004. Both datasets showed a significant reduction in rates of injury in children aged ≤ 15, but the reduction in hospital admission rates was substantially less than the reduction shown in the police statistics. The definition of serious injury in police statistics includes every hospital admission; in each year, none the less, the number of admissions exceeded the number of injuries reported in the police system. <b>Conclusions</b> The overall fall seen in police statistics for non-fatal road traffic injuries probably represents a fall in completeness of reporting of these injuries.
Intensive Care Unit Outcomes Among Patients With Lung Cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare Registry
Authors: Christopher G. Slatore, Laura M. Cecere, Jennifer L. LeTourneau, Maya E. O'Neil, Jonathan P. Duckart, Renda Soylemez Wiener, Farhood Farjah, Colin R. Cooke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Intensive care unit (ICU) use among patients with cancer is increasing, but data regarding ICU outcomes for patients with lung cancer are limited.We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) -Medicare registry (1992 to 2007) to conduct a retrospective cohort study of patients with lung cancer who were admitted to an ICU for reasons other than surgical resection of their tumor. We used logistic and Cox regression to evaluate associations of patient characteristics and hospital mortality and 6-month mortality, respectively. We calculated adjusted associations for mechanical ventilation receipt with hospital and 6-month mortality.Of the 49,373 patients with lung cancer admitted to an ICU for reasons other than surgical resection, 76% of patients survived the hospitalization, and 35% of patients were alive 6 months after discharge. Receipt of mechanical ventilation was associated with increased hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 6.95; 95% CI, 6.89 to 7.01; P < .001), and only 15% of these patients were alive 6 months after discharge. Of all ICU patients with lung cancer, the percentage of patients who survived 6 months from discharge was 36% for patients diagnosed in 1992 and 32% for patients diagnosed in 2005, whereas it was 16% and 11% for patients who received mechanical ventilation, respectively.Most patients with lung cancer enrolled in Medicare who are admitted to an ICU die within 6 months of admission. To improve patient-centered care, these results should guide shared decision making between patients with lung cancer and their clinicians before an ICU admission.
Epidemiologists in Short Supply, States Say
Authors: L. Savage
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

Furthermore, modest salaries make it diffi cult for health departments to recruit young epidemiologists and harder to retain them once they are hired. The shortage was fi rst documented in 2001 when the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists completed its original survey of state epidemiologists. The following year, an infl ux of money from the federal government aimed at improving bioterrorism and emergency response led to a spike in the number of epidemiologists, particularly those working in bioterrorism and infectious disease. But as the funding has leveled off, so have the numbers of epidemiologists working at the state level. “There was concern around building a lot of personnel infrastructure around this funding if it wasn’t going to be sustained. It’s already apparent that it’s not going to be. I think unfortunately we could see additional losses if we continue to
Racial disparities in knee and hip total joint arthroplasty: an 18-year analysis of national medicare data
Authors: Jasvinder A Singh, Xin Lu, Gary E Rosenthal, Said Ibrahim, Peter Cram
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether racial disparities in usage and outcomes of total knee and total hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA) have declined over time. <h3>Methods</h3> We used data from the US Medicare Program (MedPAR data) for years 1991–2008 to identify four separate cohorts of patients (primary TKA, revision TKA, primary THA, revision THA). For each cohort, we calculated standardised arthroplasty usage rates for Caucasian and African–American Medicare beneficiaries for each calendar year, and examined changes in disparities over time. We examined unadjusted and adjusted outcomes (30-day readmission rate, discharge disposition etc.) for Caucasians and African–Americans, and whether disparities decreased over time. <h3>Results</h3> In 1991, the use of primary TKA was 36% lower for African–Americans compared with Caucasians (20.6 per 10 000 for African–Americans; 32.1 per 10 000 for Caucasians; p&lt;0.0001); in 2008, usage of primary TKA was 40% lower for African–Americans (41.5 per 10 000 for African–Americans; 68.8 per 10 000 for Caucasians; p&lt;0.0001) with similar findings for the other cohorts. Black–White disparities in 30-day hospital readmission increased significantly from 1991–2008 among three patient cohorts. For example in 1991 30-day readmission rates for African–Americans receiving primary TKA were 6% higher than for Caucasians; by 2008 readmission rates for African–Americans were 24% higher (p&lt;0.05 for change in disparity). Similarly, black–white disparities in the proportion of patients discharged to home after surgery increased across the study period for all cohorts (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In an 18-year analysis of US Medicare data, we found little evidence of declines in racial disparities for joint arthroplasty usage or outcomes.
Oxford Handbook of Gastroenterology
Authors: A. J M Watson
Journal: Gut (2007)

Edited by Stuart Bloom, George Webster. Oxford: Published by Oxford University Press, 2006, £29.95, pp 726. ISBN 0-19-856652-2

This is one of the latest additions to the Oxford handbook series, which now comprises over 30 titles covering the entirety of medical practice. It is aimed at medical students, doctors in training, nurses and general practitioners. It is also designed to be a useful aide memoire for senior gastroenterologists. Now that the days of doctors wearing white coats with capacious pockets are over, at least in the UK, it is intended to be carried in rucksacks or handbags. It weighs in at 402 g so is practical to be carried around hospital wards and outpatient departments.

It is divided into four sections, which have colour-coded pages to …
Remarks on Adenoid Vegetations of the Naso-Pharynx
Authors: E. C. Baber
Journal: BMJ (1882)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 70(IRNAL 205 number about 19,mo would be tainted with syphilis, with an annual death-rate amongst infants directly caused by syphilis of zI per t,oo of the infected part of the population, or 4 per 1,000 of the whole-a condition of things so disgraceful to humanity and civilisation, so utterly disastrous and intolerable, that, in my opinion, to be cognisant of, or even to suspect it, without taking steps to remove it, is little short of a crime; and we shall be ill performing our duties, as guardians of the
Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels and metabolic parameters in psoriatic patients with and without arthritis
Authors: Jacinto Orgaz-Molina, Cesar Magro-Checa, José Luis Rosales-Alexander, Miguel A. Arrabal-Polo, Agustín Buendía-Eisman, Enrique Raya-Alvarez, Salvador Arias-Santiago
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Preferential inhibition of lactate oxidation relative to glucose oxidation in the rat heart following diabetes
Authors: J Chatham
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Alterations in myocardial metabolism occur early after the onset of diabetes suggesting that they may play a role in the development of cardiac dysfunction. Inhibition of myocardial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), glucose transport and glycolysis have all been reported following diabetes. In vivo lactate is also a potential source of energy for the heart and its oxidation should not be affected by changes in glucose transport and glycolysis. Therefore, the objective of this study, was to test the hypothesis that following diabetes the inhibition of glucose oxidation would be greater than the inhibition of lactate oxidation. Methods: Hearts from control and one-week-old diabetic rats were perfused with [1-13C]glucose (11 mmol/l) alone, [1-13C]glucose plus lactate (0.5 mmol/l) or glucose plus [3-13C]lactate (0.5 or 1.0 mmol/l) as substrates. Glucose and lactate oxidation rates were determined by combining 13C-NMR glutamate isotopomer analysis of tissue extracts with measurements of oxygen consumption. Results: In diabetic hearts perfused with glucose alone, glucose oxidation was decreased compared to controls (0.31±0.08 vs. 0.71±0.11 μmoles/min/g wet weight; p<0.05). Surprisingly, in hearts perfused with glucose plus 0.5 mmol/l lactate, there was no difference in glucose oxidation between control and diabetic groups (0.20±0.05 vs. 0.16±0.04 μmoles/min/g wet weight respectively). However, under these conditions lactate oxidation was markedly reduced in the diabetic group (0.89±0.18 vs. 0.24±0.05 μmoles/min/g wet weight; p<0.05). At 1.0 mmol/l lactate oxidation was still significantly depressed in the diabetic group. Conclusion: There was a greater decrease in lactate oxidation relative to glucose oxidation in hearts from diabetic animals. These results demonstrate that diabetes leads to a specific inhibition of lactate oxidation independent of its effects on pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Oral ifosfamide/mesna versus intravenous ifosfamide/mesna in non-small-cell lung cancer: A randomized phase II trial of the EORTC lung cancer cooperative group
Authors: Ch. Manegold, P. Drings, A. Pawinski, M.-A. Lentz, M. van Glabbeke, N. van Zandwijk, P. Bachmann, Y. Schnaars, Z. Skacel, P. Zatloukal, J. Dolensky, A. Jackevicius, L. Petruzelka, G. Giaccone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)