tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of anterior pelvic tilt during running to clinical and kinematic measures of hip extension
Authors: Anthony G Schache, Peter D Blanch, Anna T Murphy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Limited hip extension flexibility due to tight hip flexor musculature or anterior hip capsular and ligamentous structures is a possible cause of increased anterior tilt of the pelvis during running. However, to date, research exploring this relation, as well as the kinematic relation between anterior tilt of the pelvis and peak hip extension range of motion during running, is not available.To assess the relation of anterior pelvic tilt during running to peak hip extension range of motion measured during running and hip extension flexibility measured clinically.Hip extension flexibility was assessed using the Thomas test, and the three dimensional kinematic motion of the pelvis and hips were recorded using a VICON motion analysis system with 14 elite athletes running on a treadmill at 20 km/h.Anterior pelvic tilt displayed a significant (p<0.01) correlation with peak hip extension range of motion during running. Anterior pelvic tilt tended to be increased in runners who displayed reduced absolute peak hip extension range of motion during terminal stance. No significant correlation was shown for hip extension flexibility with either anterior pelvic tilt or peak hip extension range of motion during running.The outcomes of this study indicate that anterior pelvic tilt and hip extension are coordinated movements during running. Static hip extension flexibility measured using the modified Thomas test does not appear to be reflective of these dynamic movements.
Persistence of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with mycosis fungoides.
Authors: N Manca, E Piacentini, M Gelmi, P Calzavara, M A Manganoni, A Glukhov, F Gargiulo, M De Francesco, F Pirali, G De Panfilis, A Turano
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma suspected of having a viral etiology. As in adult T cell leukemia, the virus involved may be human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). We cultured the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 29 patients with MF HTLV-1 seronegative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. The presence of reverse transcriptase (RT) and p24 antigen was investigated in the concentrate supernatant of the culture. The DNA of all studied patients was submitted to polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis using primers and probes recognizing the tax region of HTLV-1/2 and the pol region of HTLV-1. 10 of 29 patients were found positive to HTLV-1, whereas they were always negative to RT and p24. The same results were confirmed in double blind after 6 mo. Our findings suggest HTLV-1 may be involved in the etiology of MF, at least in certain cases.
Oversight of Human Participants Research: Identifying Problems To Evaluate Reform Proposals
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Anne Wood, Alan Fleischman, Angela Bowen, Kenneth A. Getz, Christine Grady, Carol Levine, Dale E. Hammerschmidt, Ruth Faden, Lisa Eckenwiler, Carianne Tucker Muse, Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

The oversight of research involving human participants is widely believed to be inadequate. The U.S. Congress, national commissions, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Institute of Medicine, numerous professional societies, and others are proposing remedies based on the assumption that the main problems are researchers' conflict of interest, lack of institutional review board (IRB) resources, and the volume and complexity of clinical research. Developing appropriate reform proposals requires carefully delineating the problems of the current system to know what reforms are needed. To stimulate a more informed and meaningful debate, we delineate 15 current problems into 3 broad categories. First, structural problems encompass 8 specific problems related to the way the research oversight system is organized. Second, procedural problems constitute 5 specific problems related to the operations of IRB review. Finally, performance assessment problems include 2 problems related to absence of systematic assessment of the outcomes of the oversight system. We critically assess proposed reforms, such as accreditation and central IRBs, according to how well they address these 15 problems. None of the reforms addresses all 15 problems. Indeed, most focus on the procedural problems, failing to address either the structure or the performance assessment problems. Finally, on the basis of the delineation of problems, we outline components of a more effective reform proposal, including bringing all research under federal oversight, a permanent advisory committee to address recurrent ethical issues in clinical research, mandatory single-time review for multicenter research protocols, additional financial support for IRB functions, and a standardized system for collecting and disseminating data on both adverse events and the performance assessment of IRBs.
Strongyloides stercoralis associated with a bleeding gastric ulcer.
Authors: A Dees, P L Batenburg, H M Umar, R S Menon, J Verweij
Journal: Gut (1990)

Infection with the helminthic parasite, Strongyloides stercoralis, is usually acquired by skin invasion (or occasionally via ingestion of larvae). After transformation to the adult form, the parasite preferentially localises in the small intestine, especially in the duodenal and jejunal part. A remarkable feature of Strongyloides is its property of endogenous reinfection. In the case of an immunocompromised host a massive infection, called hyperinfections Strongyloides, may occur. Numerous gastrointestinal complications of strongyloides infections, sometimes with a lethal outcome, have been reported. The intestinal manifestations are usually limited to the small bowel, and rarely involve the stomach. We report a patient with complicated strongyloides infection of the stomach.
Techniques, Evaluation, and Consequences of Linear Block at the Left Atrial Roof in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mélèze Hocini, Pierre Jaïs, Prashanthan Sanders, Yoshihide Takahashi, Martin Rotter, Thomas Rostock, Li-Fern Hsu, Frédéric Sacher, Sylvain Reuter, Jacques Clémenty, Michel Haïssaguerre
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— There are no reports describing the technique, electrophysiological evaluation, and clinical consequences of complete linear block at roofline joining the superior pulmonary veins (PVs) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results— Ninety patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal AF undergoing radiofrequency ablation were prospectively randomized into 2 ablation strategies: (1) PV isolation (n=45) or (2) PV isolation in combination with linear ablation joining the 2 superior PVs (roofline; n=45). In both groups, the cavotricuspid isthmus, fragmented peri-PV-ostial electrograms, and spontaneous non-PV foci were ablated. Roofline ablation was performed at the most cranial part of the left atrium (LA) with complete conduction block demonstrated during LA appendage pacing by the online mapping of continuous double potential and an activation detour propagating around the PVs to activate caudocranially the posterior wall of the LA. The effect of ablation at the LA roof was evaluated by the change in fibrillatory cycle length, termination and noninducibility of AF, and clinical outcome. PV isolation was achieved in all patients with no significant differences in the radiofrequency duration, fluoroscopy, or procedural time between the groups. Roofline ablation required 12±6 (median 11, range 3 to 25) minutes of radiofrequency energy delivery with a fluoroscopic duration of 7±2 minutes and was performed in 19±7 minutes. Complete block was confirmed in 43 patients (96%) and resulted in an activation delay that was shorter circumventing the left than the right PVs during LA appendage pacing (138±15 versus 146±25 ms, respectively; P =0.01). Roofline ablation resulted in a significant increase in the fibrillatory cycle length (198±38 to 217±44 ms; P =0.0005), termination of arrhythmia in 47% (8/17), and subsequent noninducibility of AF in 59% (10/17) of the patients inducible after PV isolation. However, LA flutter, predominantly perimitral, could be induced in 10 patients (22%) after roofline ablation. At 15±4 months, 87% of the roofline group and 69% with PV isolation alone are arrhythmia free without antiarrhythmics ( P =0.04). Conclusions— This prospective randomized study demonstrates the feasibility of achieving complete linear block at the LA roof. Such ablation resulted in the prolongation of the fibrillatory cycle, termination of AF, and subsequent noninducibility and is associated with an improved clinical outcome compared with PV isolation alone.
Abstract 60: KLF5 deletion promotes but does not initiate prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Changsheng Xing, Xiaoying Fu, Xiaodong Sun, Jin-Tang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract KLF5 (Kruppel-like factor 5) is a basic transcription factor that is abundant in proliferating epithelial cells. Its locus at 13q21 is frequently deleted in human prostate cancer, suggesting a tumor suppressor function. Our previous study showed that TGF-beta, which is a differentiation signal for normal proliferating progenitor cells, acetylates KLF5 to reverse its function. Unacetylated KLF5 (unAc-KLF5) is pro-proliferative but acetylated KLF5 (Ac-KLF5) works with TGF-β to inhibit cell proliferation. Here we generated a Klf5-floxed mouse strain in which exons 2 and 3 of Klf5 are flanked by loxP sequences. By crossing Klf5-floxed mice with PB-Cre4 transgenic mice, we were able to delete the Klf5 gene specifically in prostatic epithelial cells. Because knockout of both Pten alleles induces prostate carcinoma, we also crossed Klf5-floxed mice with Pten-floxed mice to investigate Klf5 function in tumor progression. At different time points, prostates were collected and histological and molecular analyses were performed. We found that knockout of one Klf5 allele mainly increased cell proliferation and caused epithelial hyperplasia but was insufficient to initiate prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). On the other hand, knockout of both Klf5 alleles mainly induced apoptosis in prostate epithelia. When combined with Pten knockout, the apoptosis was prevented due to the activation of PI3K survival signaling, making Klf5 null cells survive. With the deletion of one Pten allele, Klf5 deletion significantly increased cell proliferation and promoted the development of hyperplasia and PIN. When both Pten alleles were deleted, Klf5 deletion significantly enhanced tumor development, as indicated by increased tumor size and elimination of luminal structures. Immunohistochemical staining proved that cell cycle regulator p15 was downregulated in Klf5 knockout mice. Deletion of Klf5 also significantly induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2 MAPK and further increased Akt activity. In normal prostates, total Klf5 was detected in both luminal and basal cells of the prostate, while unAc-Klf5 and Ac-Klf5 were detected in basal and luminal cells respectively. In addition, oncogenic signals, such as Pten knockout, reduced Ac-Klf5 in differentiated luminal cells. In conclusion, deletion of Klf5 promotes cell proliferation and makes cells susceptible to other factor-induced carcinogenesis in the prostate, probably because of impaired proliferation-inhibitory function of Ac-Klf5. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 60. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-60
Transmission of MERS-Coronavirus in Household Contacts
Authors: Christian Drosten, Benjamin Meyer, Marcel A. Müller, Victor M. Corman, Malak Al-Masri, Raheela Hossain, Hosam Madani, Andrea Sieberg, Berend Jan Bosch, Erik Lattwein, Raafat F. Alhakeem, Abdullah M. Assiri, Waleed Hajomar, Ali M. Albarrak, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Alimuddin I. Zumla, Ziad A. Memish
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Strategies to contain the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) depend on knowledge of the rate of human-to-human transmission, including subclinical infections. A lack of serologic tools has hindered targeted studies of transmission.We studied 26 index patients with MERS-CoV infection and their 280 household contacts. The median time from the onset of symptoms in index patients to the latest blood sampling in contact patients was 17.5 days (range, 5 to 216; mean, 34.4). Probable cases of secondary transmission were identified on the basis of reactivity in two reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays with independent RNA extraction from throat swabs or reactivity on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against MERS-CoV S1 antigen, supported by reactivity on recombinant S-protein immunofluorescence and demonstration of neutralization of more than 50% of the infectious virus seed dose on plaque-reduction neutralization testing.Among the 280 household contacts of the 26 index patients, there were 12 probable cases of secondary transmission (4%; 95% confidence interval, 2 to 7). Of these cases, 7 were identified by means of RT-PCR, all in samples obtained within 14 days after the onset of symptoms in index patients, and 5 were identified by means of serologic analysis, all in samples obtained 13 days or more after symptom onset in index patients. Probable cases of secondary transmission occurred in 6 of 26 clusters (23%). Serologic results in contacts who were sampled 13 days or more after exposure were similar to overall study results for combined RT-PCR and serologic testing.The rate of secondary transmission among household contacts of patients with MERS-CoV infection has been approximately 5%. Our data provide insight into the rate of subclinical transmission of MERS-CoV in the home.
The neural basis of chronic pain, its plasticity and modulation
Authors: Misha-Miroslav Backonja
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Dysfunction or injury of pain-transmitting primary afferents' central pathways can result in pain. The organism as a whole responds to such injury and consequently many symptoms of neuropathic pain develop. The nervous system responds to painful events and injury with neuroplasticity. Both peripheral sensitization and central sensitization take place and are mediated by a number of biochemical factors, including genes and receptors. Correction of altered receptors activity is the logical way to intervene therapeutically. [ berkley; blumberg et al.; coderre &amp; katz; dickenson; mcmahon; wiesenfeld-hallin et al. ]
Cediranib or placebo in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC-03): a randomised phase 2 trial
Authors: Juan W Valle, Harpreet Wasan, Andre Lopes, Alison C Backen, Daniel H Palmer, Karen Morris, Marian Duggan, David Cunningham, D Alan Anthoney, Pippa Corrie, Srinivasan Madhusudan, Anthony Maraveyas, Paul J Ross, Justin S Waters, Will P Steward, Charlotte Rees, Sandy Beare, Caroline Dive, John A Bridgewater
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Effects of thrombopoietin and erythropoietin on platelet production in rebound‐thrombocytotic and normal mice
Authors: T. P. McDonald, Rose Clift
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract The effects of thrombopoietin‐rich (TSF‐rich) kidney cell culture medium and partially purified preparations of human urinary and step I sheep plasma erythropoietin (Ep) on platelet production in mice were determined. After TSF and Ep preparations had been injected into mice in rebound thrombocytosis and into normal mice, the rate of incorporation of Na 2 35 SO 4 into platelets was measured as an index of platelet production. TSF injections caused significant increases in platelet production of all the mice; however, greater effects were observed in rebound‐thrombocytotic mice than in normal mice. In rebound‐thrombocytotic mice, low dosages of Ep (0.25–1.0 units per mouse) significantly depressed percentage 35 S incorporation into platelets. The same low dosage of Ep did not alter platelet production rates in normal mice, but large doses (2.5–5.0 units per mouse) stimulated 35 S incorporation into platelets. Thus, these results show that Ep caused different responses in rebound‐thrombocytotic and normal mice. Endotoxin, injected in dosages previously shown to be present in Ep, gave responses similar to that of the low dosages of Ep, ie, depressed thrombocytopoiesis in rebound‐thrombocytotic mice but had no effect in normal mice. When two foreign proteins were injected in doses similar to the previously tested Ep protein content, platelet production was not stimulated. We conclude, therefore, that the thrombocytopoietic effects of Ep cannot be due to contamination with known humoral factors or foreign proteins.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Deeper Insights Through Bioengineering
Authors: A.A. Young, J.L. Prince
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2013)

Heart disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with coronary artery disease, diabetes, and obesity being major contributing factors. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can provide a wealth of quantitative information on the performance of the heart, without risk to the patient. Quantitative analyses of these data can substantially augment the diagnostic quality of CMR examinations and can lead to more effective characterization of disease and quantification of treatment benefit. This review provides an overview of the current state of the art in CMR with particular regard to the quantification of motion, both microscopic and macroscopic, and the application of bioengineering analysis for the evaluation of cardiac mechanics. We discuss the current clinical practice and the likely advances in the next 5-10 years, as well as the ways in which clinical examinations can be augmented by bioengineering analysis of strain, compliance, and stress.
Poikiloderma with neutropenia: a novel<i>C16orf57</i>mutation and clinical diagnostic criteria
Authors: A.W. Arnold, P.H. Itin, M. Pigors, J. Kohlhase, L. Bruckner-Tuderman, C. Has
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

A new syndrome with poikiloderma was described by Clericuzio et al. in 1991.(1) They reported 14 Navajo native Americans, including eight siblings, developing in the first year of life an erythematous rash, which started on the limbs and spread over the trunk and the face. This rash evolved into poikiloderma. All patients had recurrent bacterial infections. First published as Navajo poikiloderma this syndrome is now known as poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN, OMIM 604173). The inheritance is autosomal recessive, and mutations in a new gene, C16orf57, were recently described in two kindreds.(2) Because of the phenotypic overlap between Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) and PN, a few patients have been reclassified as mutations in the RECQL4 gene for RTS were absent.(2-5) Until now 27 patients have been described with clinical PN.(1-3,5-8) Here, we report the sixth family with PN outside the Navajo population. We found the previously unreported mutation c.243G>A, p.W81X in the C16orf57 gene, thus confirming the relation of this gene to the disease.(2,6) Because the molecular genetic diagnosis is not always available, we propose clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria for PN.
Suicides after pregnancy in Finland, 1987-94: register linkage study
Authors: M. Gissler, E. Hemminki, J. Lonnqvist
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine rates of suicide associated with pregnancy by the type of pregnancy. <b>Design</b>: Register linkage study. Information on suicides in women of reproductive age was linked with the Finnish birth, abortion, and hospital discharge registers to find out how many women who committed suicide had had a completed pregnancy during her last year of life. <b>Setting</b>: Nationwide data from Finland. <b>Subjects</b>: Women who committed suicide in 1987–94. <b>Results</b>: There were 73 suicides associated with pregnancy, representing 5.4% of all suicides in women in this age group. The mean annual suicide rate was 11.3 per 100 000. The suicide rate associated with birth was significantly lower (5.9) and the rates associated with miscarriage (18.1) and induced abortion (34.7) were significantly higher than in the population. The risk associated with birth was higher among teenagers and that associated with abortion was increased in all age groups. Women who had committed a suicide tended to come from lower social classes and were more likely to be unmarried than other women who had had a completed pregnancy. <b>Conclusions</b>: The increased risk of suicide after an induced abortion indicates either common risk factors for both or harmful effects of induced abortion on mental health. <h3>Key messages</h3> The risk of suicide after birth is half of that among women of reproductive age in general Suicides are more common after a miscarriage and especially after an induced abortion than in the general population Increased risk for suicide after an abortion indi- cates either common risk factors for both or harm- ful effects of induced abortion on mental health
Bacterial and fungal infections after liver transplantation: An analysis of 284 patients
Authors: Jim J. Wade, Nancy Rolando, Karen Hayllar, John Philpott-Howard, Mark W. Casewell, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A prospective study of bacterial and fungal infections after liver transplantation in 284 adults was undertaken. One hundred seventy-five (62%) became infected; bacterial or fungal infections occurred in 159 (56%) and 36 (13%) patients, respectively. Gram-positive cocci, in particular Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium, were the commonest bacterial pathogens, and bacteremia and wound infection were the most frequent bacterial infections. Acute rejection and prolonged admission were independent risk factors for bacterial infection; pretransplantation antibacterials had a protective effect. Fungal infection most frequently involved the urinary tract and chest; Candida albicans was the most common pathogen. Four independent variables predicted fungal infection: low pretransplantation hemoglobin, high pretransplantation bilirubin, return to surgery, and prolonged therapy with ciprofloxacin. Patients with acute liver failure were more prone to bacterial, but not fungal, infection. No associations were found between infections and duration of surgery. Bacterial, and to a lesser extent, fungal infections are important complications of liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation surgery per se may not be the major determinant of infection.