tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disease of the digestive system. Drugs and the liver.
Authors: S. Sherlock
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The last quarter-century has seen the introduction into clinical practice of large numbers of new and potent therapeutic agents.Many of them have unexpected effects on the liver, which some- times have little clinical significance but which may be fatal (see Table ).Many of the hepatic sequelae, and unfortunately most of the serious ones, cannot be predicted on the basis of previous tests of toxicity on animals.'The rarity of some, and their close resemblance to naturally occurring acute virus hepatitis, may make it difficult to identify the drug with the untoward reaction.
Effects of sleep deprivation and sleep fragmentation on upper airway collapsibility in normal subjects.
Authors: F Sériès, N Roy, I Marc
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Sleep deprivation can induce or worsen nocturnal respiratory disturbances. In patients with sleep apnea hypopnea, sleep abnormalities consist of repetitive episodes of arousals and awakenings that lead to sleep fragmentation. Because the propensity for upper airway collapse is increased in these patients, we wondered if sleep fragmentation could increase upper airway collapsibility and contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. In eight normal subjects, upper airway collapsibility was assessed during sleep by progressively decreasing the pressure in a nasal mask while recording airflow, mask, and esophageal pressures. The critical pressure was determined by the relationship between breath-by-breath values of maximal inspiratory airflow of each flow-limited inspiratory cycle and the corresponding mask pressure. Critical pressure was measured twice in each subject: after one night of total sleep deprivation and after one night of sleep fragmentation using auditory stimuli. The two measures were done in random order 1 wk apart. A polysomnographic recording was obtained the night after each measurement of critical pressure. Sleep architecture was identical after sleep deprivation and fragmentation. Sleep-related breathing abnormalities were more frequent after sleep fragmentation than after sleep deprivation. Critical pressure was -17.1 +/- 6.8 cm H2O (mean +/- SEM) after sleep deprivation, and -12.3 +/- 6.3 cm H2O after sleep fragmentation (p < 0.05), corresponding to an earlier closing of the upper airway. We conclude that sleep fragmentation leads to a higher upper airway collapsibility than does sleep deprivation.
Association between Frequency of Chromosomal Aberrations and Cancer Risk Is Not Influenced by Genetic Polymorphisms in <i>GSTM1</i> and <i>GSTT1</i>
Authors: Anna Maria Rossi, Inger-Lise Hansteen, Camilla Furu Skjelbred, Michela Ballardin, Valentina Maggini, Elena Murgia, Antonio Tomei, Paolo Viarengo, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Roberto Barale, Hannu Norppa, Stefano Bonassi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals has been associated with cancer risk. It is presently unclear whether this association is influenced by individual susceptibility factors such as genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
Health Care Fraud and Abuse
Authors: Paul E. Kalb
Journal: JAMA (1999)

In recent years, health care fraud and abuse have become major issues, in part because of the rising cost of health care, industry consolidation, the emergence of private "whistle-blowers," and a change in the concept of fraud to include an emerging concern about quality of care. The 3 types of conduct that are generally prohibited by health care fraud laws are false claims, kickbacks, and self-referrals. False claims are subject to several criminal, civil, and administrative prohibitions, notably the federal civil False Claims Act. Kickbacks, or inducements with the intent to influence the purchase or sale of health care-related goods or services, are prohibited under the federal Anti-Kickback statute as well as by state laws. Finally, self-referrals-the referral of patients to an entity with which the referring physician has a financial relationship-are outlawed by the Ethics in Patient Referral Act as well as numerous state statutes. Consequences of violations of these laws can include, in addition to imprisonment and fines, civil monetary penalties, loss of licensure, loss of staff privileges, and exclusion from participation in federal health care programs. Federal criminal and civil statutes are enforced by the US Department of Justice; administrative actions are pursued by the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Inspector General; and all state actions are pursued by the individual states. In addition, private whistle-blowers may, acting in the name of the United States, file suit against an entity under the False Claims Act. Enforcement of health care fraud and abuse laws has become increasingly commonplace and now affects many mainstream providers. This trend is likely to continue.
Crosslinked hydrogels—a promising class of insoluble solid molecular dispersion carriers for enhancing the delivery of poorly soluble drugs
Authors: Dajun D. Sun, Ping I. Lee
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Water-insoluble materials containing amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are an emerging category of drug carriers which can effectively improve dissolution kinetics and kinetic solubility of poorly soluble drugs. ASDs based on water-insoluble crosslinked hydrogels have unique features in contrast to those based on conventional water-soluble and water-insoluble carriers. For example, solid molecular dispersions of poorly soluble drugs in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) can maintain a high level of supersaturation over a prolonged period of time via a feedback-controlled diffusion mechanism thus avoiding the initial surge of supersaturation followed by a sharp decline in drug concentration typically encountered with ASDs based on water-soluble polymers. The creation of both immediate- and controlled-release ASD dosage forms is also achievable with the PHEMA based hydrogels. So far, ASD systems based on glassy PHEMA have been shown to be very effective in retarding precipitation of amorphous drugs in the solid state to achieve a robust physical stability. This review summarizes recent research efforts in investigating the potential of developing crosslinked PHEMA hydrogels as a promising alternative to conventional water-soluble ASD carriers, and a related finding that the rate of supersaturation generation does affect the kinetic solubility profiles implications to hydrogel based ASDs.
STD Clinics and the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases-Reply
Authors: Willard Cates
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Unfortunately, the fields of sexuality and STD often are beset by misinterpretation and confusing semantics. Dr Cameron's and Dr Carlen's responses to our editorial apparently reflect this misunderstanding.  First, we strongly agree with Dr Cameron's assessment that the increasing population at risk for sexually transmitted diseases was a major contributor to the escalating incidence of these infections. This rising sexually active population at risk is the result of both quantitative and qualitative factors—quantitatively, the postwar baby boom produced a large cohort of teenagers reaching  maturity during the 1960s and 1970s; qualitatively, the so-called sexual revolution resulted in a larger percentage of these teenagers being sexually active. In public health terms, the larger the denominator, the larger the numerator. Fortunately, it appears that both these factors are decreasing in the 1980s.  Second, we also agree with Dr Cameron that traditional morality (namely, a stable, mutually monogamous relationship) produces
Emotional Maturity: The Development and Dynamics of Personality
Authors: James C. Folsom
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In the preface to the first edition the author expressed the hope that this book would prove of some use not only to psychiatrists and to physicians in other specialties who are interested in the scientific basis of the art of medicine, but also to those in other fields such as law, religion, industry, social work, and government, and to all who deal with people and strive to make human life more livable. The author believes that Freud, through the use of psychoanalysis, provided a psychologic microscope through which to observe the mind and so made possible the new science of psychodynamics, the basis of modern psychiatry. In the years prior to the publication of the first edition of this book in 1947, the primary interest of psychiatry had moved away from the psychoses to an understanding of the neuroses which result from the emotional tensions of living and from
A Manual of Clinical Allergy
Authors: Stanley F. Hampton
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Although in this new edition the format is very similar to that of the first and the number of chapters remains at 20, several improvements have been made and much information added. The entire book has been revised and some chapters completely rewritten. For example, chapter 1, Immunology and Immunochemistry of Allergy, discusses the immediate and delayed types of hypersensitivity, the chemical mediators involved in the former and the transfer factor in the latter, and describes the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM together with their physical properties.  Other valuable additions include chapter 2, Non  Factors in Allergic Disease, in which the role of infection and nonspecific influence such as irritants, air pollution, and weather are mentioned; chapter 15, Management of Hypersensitization to Stinging Insects, in which the prevention and treatment of allergic reactions to antigens of the Hymenoptera group of insects are presented; chapter 19, Immunologic Aspects of Some
POTENTIAL AND ACQUIRED STATIC FLAT FOOT.ITS ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT.
Authors: EDWARD H. OCHSNER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The impression that flat foot is a very rare condition is almost universal, even among medical men. This, however, is erroneous; on the contrary, it is a very common affection, just how common it is impossible to tell, because the patients in only a relatively small proportion of all cases ever come to the physician for treatment, and of this small number probably only a small percentage are correctly diagnosed. Absolutely conclusive statistics on this point either do not exist, or I have been unable to find them. In Munson's<sup>1</sup>work we find the statement that of 9,901 members of the Illinois National Guard who offered themselves for the United States service in 1898, 33, or 3.3 per thousand, were rejected because of excessive or painful flat foot. All of these had previously passed the physical examination required to enter the State Militia. How many were rejected during this
Ocular complications in renal transplantation.
Authors: C Leroux-Robert, G Biojout, A Meyrier, J D Sraer
Journal: BMJ (1972)

motor neuropathy postoperatively could have been due to the provocation of an attack of porphyria if the anaesthetic of nitrous oxide and oxygen was induced by an intravenous barbiturate.Though this would be an atypical presen- tation, one wonders whether the possibility of porphyria should be excluded, if this has not already been done, since this would be of interest should the patient ever be considered in the future for a procedure needing a general anaesthetic.-Iam, etc.,
Additional Risk from Immunosuppressive Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: JOSEPH D. MCCRACKEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments1 October 1973Additional Risk from Immunosuppressive Therapy for Rheumatoid ArthritisJOSEPH D. MCCRACKENJOSEPH D. MCCRACKENSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-4-611 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Johnson and colleagues (1) pointed out, in their recent review article, the indications and contraindications of immunosuppressive therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. They also cited the eight protective guidelines of Schwartz and Gowans (2) for placing a patient on such therapy. The hazard of activating cancer in the immunosuppressed patient is only partially mentioned. Activation of cancer by placing a patient on immunosuppressive therapy is a well-recognized risk (3). This case is a tragic example:A 45-year-old woman had had previous surgery of the lower back in May of 1970, with removal of a malignant...References1. JOHNSONVAUGHANHENCH JJP: Rheumatoid arthritis, 1970-1972. Ann Intern Med 78:937-953, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SCHWARTZGOWANS RJ: Guidelines for the use of cytotoxic drugs in rheumatic diseases (letter). Arthritis Rheum 14:134, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FAHEY J: Cancer in the immunosuppressed patient. Ann Intern Med 75:310-312, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1973Volume 79, Issue 4Page: 611-612KeywordsCancer immunotherapySurgery Issue Published: 1 October 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Quinidine, A Life-Saving Medication for Brugada Syndrome, Is Inaccessible in Many Countries
Authors: Sami Viskin, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Milton E. Guevara-Valdivia, Amin Daoulah, Andrew D. Krahn, Douglas P. Zipes, Amir Halkin, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Noel G. Boyle, Arnon Adler, Bernard Belhassen, Edgardo Schapachnik, Farhan Asrar, Raphael Rosso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Plasma Endothelin in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: Kerstin Wolff, Kjell Carlström, Frej Fyhrquist, Anette Hemsén, Nils-Olov Lunell, Henry Nisell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To examine endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations longitudinally throughout pregnancy in healthy and insulin-dependent diabetic women and to evaluate the relationship between ET-1 and big ET-1 in normal pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Venous blood samples were obtained consecutively in gestational weeks 18, 28, and 38 from 40 healthy women with uneventful pregnancies and 24 pregnant women with IDDM. By radioimmunoassay, plasma ET-1 and big ET-1 were analyzed in the healthy women and plasma ET-1 in the diabetic women. RESULTS In the diabetic pregnant women, plasma ET-1 levels were significantly higher than in healthy pregnant women during the entire observation period (P &amp;lt; 0.001), but did not change with advancing gestational age. Five of the diabetic, but none of the healthy pregnant women, developed preeclampsia. ET-1 levels did not differ between the diabetic women who developed preeclampsia and those who did not. Plasma ET-1 levels in healthy pregnant women were within the range of those in healthy nonpregnant women and did not change during pregnancy. The big ET-1 levels increased and the ET-1/big ET-1 ratio decreased significantly during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS Plasma ET-1 levels do not change with advancing gestational length. During normal pregnancy, the ET-1/big ET-1 ratio decrease, indicating a suppressed converting enzyme activity or altered clearance of ET-1. Pregnant women with IDDM have markedly elevated ET-1 levels. Although diabetic women with and without preeclampsia did not differ with respect to endothelial dysfunction, as reflected by elevated ET-1 concentration, we cannot exclude that altered endothelial function may be of importance for the increased frequency of preeclampsia in pregnant IDDM patients.
Evaluation for Genetic Damage in Offspring of Women with High-Level Gonadal Irradiation
Authors: James A. Whelton, David Ingall, Sophia Bamford, Magnus I. Smedal, Kenneth Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

ALMOST all estimates of the existence, nature and magnitude of radiation-induced damage in man have been inferred from animal experimentation. The few reports on the possible mutagenic effects of radiation in man that have been published are inconclusive.1 2 3 In contrast to somatic damage, injury to a gene is believed to occur at any level of radiation (no threshold required) although the rate of mutations increases in direct proportion to the intensity of the radiation absorbed by the gonads.4 For this reason, it is prudent to protect the gonads from any unnecessary radiation, no matter how small. Clinical situations that justify . . .
Vietnam and Birth Defects
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Between 1962 and 1971, US military forces sprayed herbicides over 3.5 million acres of jungle in Vietnam.<sup>1</sup>The herbicides were identified by the color bandings on their containers (green, orange, purple, white, pink, and blue). They were used for defoliation, crop destruction, and to clear vegetation around military installations. The designation "Operation Ranch Hand" was used for the aerial dispersal of these herbicides from fixed-wing aircraft. Small quantities also were sprayed from helicopters and riverboats and by hand-held applicators. Agent Orange was the most widely used of these herbicides; more than 100 million pounds of the substance was sprayed in Vietnam during a ten-year period.<sup>1</sup> Agent Orange is a 50:50 mixture of the butyl esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Both 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T have been used extensively in the United States for more than 30 years as agricultural herbicides in the control of broadleaf
Peggy Anderson (nee Lankey) Dorothea Bamber (nee Kelso) Jamshed Sorab Moos James McElfrish Neilson Elaine Rankin (nee Lister) George Yerbury
Authors: C. Bamber
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Two of her three sisters also qualified as doctors at Manchester.She died in Anglesey, where she had lived for the past 25 years.Her
TANDEM HEART – PERCUTANEUOUS LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE TREATMENT FOR SEVERE REFRACTORY CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: THE DEBAKEY VA EXPERIENCE
Authors: Alok Deshpande, Biswajit Kar, David Paniagua, Mahboob Alam, Anita Deswal, Hani Jneid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
LONG-TERM OUTCOME AFTER BETA-1 ADRENORECEPTOR AUTOANTIBODY REMOVAL IN HEART TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES WITH DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Michael Dandel, Gerd Wallukat, Angela Englert, Hans B. Lehmkuhl, Christoph Knosalla, Roland Hetzer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Danazol in Hemophilia
Authors: Raul Ambriz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent article Garewal et al<sup>1</sup>demonstrated that danazol, an attenuated androgen, given at a dose of 600 mg daily for eight to 14 weeks, is not useful in the treatment of factor VIII—deficient and factor IX—deficient hemophilic patients. Some hemophilic patients experienced abnormal bleeding with danazol—a problem attributed to increased fibrinolysis.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Subjects and Methods.—</h3> In 1984, we undertook a two-week trial of danazol in 800-mg/day oral doses, in addition to aminocaproic acid in 10-g/day oral doses as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. The subjects were 20 adults with hemophilia and no factor VIII inhibitor, nor evidence of active bleeding. Eighteen cases had moderate to mild hemophilia A (3.2% to 10% of factor VIII), and two cases had moderate hemophilia B (3% and 4.2% of factor IX). Two of the 20 patients showed an increase in deficient factor levels: one with an initial factor VIII
Perioperative Treatment With Aspirin or Clonidine and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Jianzhong Sun, Hong Liu
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Epistasis between the MHC and the RCA block in primary Sjogren syndrome
Authors: S Lester, C McLure, J Williamson, P Bardy, M Rischmueller, R L Dawkins
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> The RCAα block (Regulators of Complement Activation, 1q32) contains critical complement regulatory genes such as CR1 and MCP. This study examined RCAα block haplotype associations with both disease susceptibility and diversification of the anti-Ro/La autoantibody response in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). <h3>Methods:</h3> 115 patients with pSS and 98 controls were included in the study. 93 of 109 (85%) of the patients with pSS were seropositive for Ro/La autoantibodies. The Genomic Matching Technique (GMT) was used to define RCAα block ancestral haplotypes (AH). <h3>Results:</h3> RCAα block haplotypes, AH1 and AH3, were both associated with autoantibody-positive pSS (p = 0.0003). Autoantibody associations with both HLA DR3 and DR15 have been previously defined. There was an epistatic interaction (p = 0.023) between RCAα AH1 and HLA DR3, and this genotypic combination was present in 48% of autoantibody-positive patients with pSS compared with 8% of controls. This epistasis is most simply attributable to an interaction between C4 and its receptor, CR1, encoded within the RCAα block. Both DR3 and a relative C4 deficiency are carried on the major histocompatibility complex 8.1 ancestral haplotype. Only four of 92 (4%) autoantibody-positive patients with pSS did not carry any risk RCAα or HLA haplotype, compared with 36 of 96 (38%) controls, and there were differences in haplotype frequencies within autoantibody subsets of pSS. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Normal population variation in the RCAα block, in addition to the major histocompatibility complex, contributes genetic susceptibility to systemic autoimmune disease and the autoantibody response. This finding provides evidence for the role of regulation of complement activation in disease pathogenesis.
Review of the Effect of Internet Therapeutic Intervention in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hugh D. Tildesley, Mary Ellen Conway, Stuart A. Ross, Augustine M. Lee, Jeremy H.M. Chan, Adel B. Mazanderani, Hamish G. Tildesley, Adam S. White
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

The use of the Internet has changed the way health care professionals manage diabetes, with platforms now available allowing patients to upload self-monitoring of blood glucose data and share with their health care provider (1). Previous studies have established the efficacy of Internet blood glucose monitoring systems (1–3).

It is now our standard of care to offer an Internet blood glucose monitoring system to patients. We currently have 1,100 patients enrolled and have outcome data on the first 409 patients. Of the 409 patients, 388 had HbA1c at baseline and at least one subsequent HbA1c determination within 9 months. HbA1c values from 3–9 months were averaged to generate follow-up data. The relationship of reporting frequency and HbA1c change was determined by dividing patients into frequent reporters, who reported more than once per month, and infrequent reporters.

Patients were instructed to upload self-monitoring …