tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hamstring/quadriceps isokinetic strength ratios and power in tennis, squash and track athletes.
Authors: M T Read, M J Bellamy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

Isokinetic assessment of elite squash, tennis and track athletes confirms the accepted ratio of 60 to 80 per cent hamstring to quadriceps when testing at 90 deg-sec-1 for peak strength (torque). However, significant variations occur at higher test speeds up to 300 deg.sec-1 with the hamstrings becoming more prominent especially (p less than 0.001) in the nonpreferred (NP) leg. There was no significant difference between sports, and wide individual differences occurred. Analysis of (work.sec-1.kg-1 body weight) power showed a significantly higher work output (p less than 0.01) by track athletes than squash and tennis players, but, unlike hamstring/quadriceps ratio, no significant difference between preferred (P) and nonpreferred leg. The maximum power output was achieved around 220 to 250 deg.sec-1. Power between preferred and nonpreferred legs was the same but the torque ratio differed indicating that the hamstrings provided proportionately more work in the NP leg at higher speeds.
Clinical Impact of <i>NOTCH1</i> and/or <i>FBXW7</i> Mutations, <i>FLASH</i> Deletion, and <i>TCR</i> Status in Pediatric T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Authors: Celine Callens, Frederic Baleydier, Etienne Lengline, Raouf Ben Abdelali, Arnaud Petit, Patrick Villarese, Agata Cieslak, Veronique Minard-Colin, Anne Rullier, Anne Moreau, André Baruchel, Claudine Schmitt, Vahid Asnafi, Yves Bertrand, Elizabeth Macintyre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas (T-LBL) are commonly treated on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) -derived protocols. Therapeutic stratification based on response to the prephase treatment and on minimal residual disease assessment is well established in T-ALL but is not easy to extrapolate to T-LBL. The identification of molecular prognostic markers at diagnosis in T-LBL could provide an alternative for early therapeutic stratification. Our study determines the frequency and prognostic value of NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations (N/F(mut)), FLASH deletion at chromosome 6q, and TCR rearrangements in a prospective cohort of pediatric T-LBL.Pathologic samples were obtained at diagnosis for 54 patients treated according to the EuroLB02 protocol in France. N/F(mut) were identified by direct sequencing and allelic dosage was used to detect FLASH and TCRγ deletions, which were interpreted in conjunction with TCRγ, TCRβ, and TCRδ rearrangements.N/F(mut) were found in 55% of T-LBL patients, in whom they were associated with improved event-free survival (P < .01) and overall survival (P < .01). FLASH monoallelic deletions were observed in 18% of patients; they were predominantly N/F wild-type (six of nine) and tended to be of inferior prognosis (P = .09). Absence of biallelic TCRγ deletion (ABD) was seen in 7%, all of which were N/F(mut) and identified a poor prognosis group (P = .02). On multivariate analysis of N/F(mut), TCRγ ABD, and FLASH deletion, only N/F(mut) was an independent factor for good prognosis.Mutational status of NOTCH1/FBXW7 represents a promising marker for early therapeutic stratification in pediatric T-LBL.
Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Jennifer R. Santiago, Michael S. Nolledo, Wendy Kinzler, Teodoro V. Santiago
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Sleep problems are common in pregnant women. This review examines sleep in normal pregnancy; discusses the physiologic bases for alterations in sleep, including hormonal and mechanical factors; and correlates these factors with changes in sleep of pregnant women, as determined subjectively by surveys and objectively by polysomnographic studies. The changes in respiratory physiology during pregnancy, the possible predisposition of the pregnant woman to sleep-disordered breathing because of these changes, and results of published studies of sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy are discussed. Finally, the effect of pregnancy on other sleep disorders and the management of these sleep disorders during pregnancy are outlined, including changes in management necessitated by this state. The paucity of available data and the need for further studies of incidence and outcomes of sleep disorders in the pregnant woman are emphasized.
Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by dietary isoflavones: Role of NO in Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression
Authors: G MANN, D ROWLANDS, F LI, P DEWINTER, R SIOW
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The endothelium plays a key role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, and increased oxidative stress in vascular disease leads to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of resistance vessels. Although epidemiological evidence suggests that diets containing high amounts of natural antioxidants afford protection against coronary heart disease (CHD), antioxidant supplementation trials have largely reported only marginal health benefits. There is controversy concerning the cardiovascular benefits of prolonged estrogen/progestin or soy isoflavone therapy for postmenopausal women and patients with an increased risk of CHD. Research on the potential health benefits of soy isoflavones and other polyphenols contained in red wine, green and black tea and dark chocolate developed rapidly during the 1990's, and recent clinical trials and studies in animal models and cultured endothelial cells provide important and novel insights into the mechanisms by which dietary polyphenols afford protection against oxidative stress. In this review, we highlight that NO and reactive oxygen radicals may mediate dietary polyphenol induced activation of Nrf2, which in turn triggers antioxidant response element (ARE) driven transcription of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant defense enzymes in vascular cells.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): focus on histopathological diagnosis and biomolecular features
Authors: G. Badalamenti, V. Rodolico, F. Fulfaro, S. Cascio, C. Cipolla, G. Cicero, L. Incorvaia, M. Sanfilippo, C. Intrivici, L. Sandonato, G. Pantuso, M.A. Latteri, N. Gebbia, A. Russo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Yield of tuberculosis contact investigations in Amsterdam: opportunities for improvement
Authors: R. Sloot, M. F. Schim van der Loeff, P. M. Kouw, M. W. Borgdorff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We aimed to determine the coverage and yield of tuberculosis contact investigation, and compliance with guidelines, and to identify opportunities for improvement. Data were extracted from records on contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Public Health Service (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) from 2008 to 2011. Additional data were obtained from the national tuberculosis register. Among 3743 contacts of 235 pulmonary tuberculosis index patients, 2337 (62%) were screened for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Those less likely to be screened for LTBI included contacts of sputum smear-negative index patients (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9) and bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated contacts (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.04–0.09). Among BCG-vaccinated contacts, the proportion screened increased from 9% in 2008 to 43% in 2011 (p-value for trend &lt;0.001). LTBI diagnosis among contacts screened was associated with non-Dutch nationality (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4.1) and being a close contact (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.9–8.3). Of the 254 contacts with LTBI diagnosis, 142 (56%) started preventive treatment. Starting treatment was associated with Dutch nationality (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.4) and being a close contact (aOR 10.5, 95% CI 1.5–70.7). Treatment completion was achieved by 129 (91%) of the 142 contacts who started treatment. Two areas for improvement were identified: further expanding LTBI screening, particularly among BCG-vaccinated contacts and contacts of sputum smear-negative index patients, and expanding preventive treatment among contacts with LTBI.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Disrupted Basal Ganglia Function in Schizophrenia
Authors: Vinod Menon, Robert T. Anagnoson, Gary H. Glover, Adolf Pfefferbaum
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: This study was an examination of basal ganglia dysfunction in schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHOD: The authors used a motor sequencing task to investigate activation of the caudate, anterior putamen plus globus pallidus, and posterior putamen plus globus pallidus in eight subjects with schizophrenia and 12 group-matched comparison subjects. Differences in activation of the thalamus, the target of direct output from the globus pallidus, were also examined. RESULTS: The schizophrenia subjects showed significant bilateral deficits in the posterior putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus but not the anterior putamen plus globus pallidus or caudate. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that the deficits in thalamic activation were related to deficits in posterior putamen and globus pallidus activation. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide fMRI evidence for basal ganglia dysfunction in subjects with schizophrenia and suggest that this deficit results in disrupted outflow to the thalamus. These deficits may underlie the behavioral impairments in goal-directed action observed in schizophrenia.
US abortion doctor murdered in Kansas
Authors: J. Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

George Tiller, who ran one of only three US clinics that provides late term abortions, was murdered on Sunday morning while serving as an usher in his Reformed Lutheran Church in Wichita, Kansas.

News reports said that he was killed by a single shot fired by a middle aged white man. Dr Tiller’s wife, Jeanne, was in the choir at the time. The Associated Press news agency said that a suspect was in custody.

Abortion is highly divisive in the United States. Abortion became legal in 1973 with the Supreme Court’s Roe versus Wade decision. Anti-abortion activists say that abortion amounts to murder, and proponents of abortion say that it is a woman’s decision. …
Aging and Oxidative Stress Reduce the Response of Human Articular Chondrocytes to Insulin‐like Growth Factor 1 and Osteogenic Protein 1
Authors: Richard F. Loeser, Uma Gandhi, David L. Long, Weihong Yin, Susan Chubinskaya
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective To determine the effects of aging and oxidative stress on the response of human articular chondrocytes to insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and osteogenic protein 1 (OP‐1). Methods Chondrocytes isolated from normal articular cartilage obtained from tissue donors were cultured in alginate beads or monolayer. Cells were stimulated with 50–100 ng/ml of IGF‐1, OP‐1, or both. Oxidative stress was induced using tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide. Sulfate incorporation was used to measure proteoglycan synthesis, and immunoblotting of cell lysates was performed to analyze cell signaling. Confocal microscopy was performed to measure nuclear translocation of Smad4. Results Chondrocytes isolated from the articular cartilage of tissue donors ranging in age from 24 years to 81 years demonstrated an age‐related decline in proteoglycan synthesis stimulated by IGF‐1 and IGF‐1 plus OP‐1. Induction of oxidative stress inhibited both IGF‐1– and OP‐1–stimulated proteoglycan synthesis. Signaling studies showed that oxidative stress inhibited IGF‐1–stimulated Akt phosphorylation while increasing phosphorylation of ERK, and that these effects were greater in cells from older donors. Oxidative stress also increased p38 phosphorylation, which resulted in phosphorylation of Smad1 at the Ser 206 inhibitory site and reduced nuclear accumulation of Smad1. Oxidative stress also modestly reduced OP‐1–stimulated nuclear translocation of Smad4. Conclusion These results demonstrate an age‐related reduction in the response of human chondrocytes to IGF‐1 and OP‐1, which are 2 important anabolic factors in cartilage, and suggest that oxidative stress may be a contributing factor by altering IGF‐1 and OP‐1 signaling.
Painful attraction: a magnetic penile injury
Authors: Shantini A Rice, Prabhakar Rajan, Richard Hansen, Fraser D Munro
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

noted. No gastrointestinal abnormalities were found. His abdominal pain was attributed to the muscular strain of vomiting and was treated with simple analgesics. Now he had a low-grade fever and a tender left loin and his urine contained blood and leukocytes. Serum creatinine was 150 mmol/L, lactate dehydrogenase 1694 U/L (reference range 270–620). CT revealed bilateral renal infarcts, more numerous in the left kidney (Figure 1) than the right; the left renal artery was also obstructed. At echocardiography the left ventricle was found to be dilated and severely impaired in function; its apex appeared aneurysmal and contained a mobile thrombus. He was anticoagulated and made a slow recovery.
Inhibition of meal stimulated gastric acid secretion by an octapeptide somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995.
Authors: J A Olsen, F B Loud, J Christiansen
Journal: Gut (1987)

A dose response study of the effect of an octapeptide somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995, on meal stimulated gastric acid secretion was carried out in 12 healthy volunteers. Infusion of SMS 201-995 in a dose of 50 pmol/kg/h almost completely abolished the acid response to the meal. Pl-gastrin was significantly decreased during infusion of 10 pmol/kg/h of SMS 201-995 and insulin was significantly inhibited during infusion of 50 pmol/kg/h. SMS 201-995 in a dose of 50 pmol/kg/h inhibited basal and submaximal pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion by 77% and 84% respectively (p less than 0.01). On a molar basis SMS 201-995 is substantially more potent than natural somatostatin in inhibiting gastric acid secretion.
Electrocardiographic Parameters and Fatal Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Koji Tokioka, Kengo F. Kusano, Hiroshi Morita, Daiji Miura, Nobuhiro Nishii, Satoshi Nagase, Kazufumi Nakamura, Kunihisa Kohno, Hiroshi Ito, Tohru Ohe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Radial Versus Femoral Randomized Investigation in ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Enrico Romagnoli, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Alessandro Sciahbasi, Luigi Politi, Stefano Rigattieri, Gianluca Pendenza, Francesco Summaria, Roberto Patrizi, Ambra Borghi, Cristian Di Russo, Claudio Moretti, Pierfrancesco Agostoni, Paolo Loschiavo, Ernesto Lioy, Imad Sheiban, Giuseppe Sangiorgi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The event side doctor: the role of the orthopaedic surgeon
Authors: M Carmont
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Orthopaedic surgeons have long had a close association with sport. International rugby players have similarly gone on to careers in orthopaedic surgery, examples being Jonathan Webb and JPR Williams.

Without doubt, finding appropriate medical personnel to care for the needs of spectators and athletes at major sporting events is a challenge.1 Event organisers have required the skills of volunteer orthopaedic surgeons.2 …
Differentiation of progenitors in the liver: a matter of local choice
Authors: Luke Boulter, Wei-Yu Lu, Stuart J. Forbes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The liver is a complex organ that requires multiple rounds of cell fate decision for development and homeostasis throughout the lifetime. During the earliest phases of organogenesis, the liver acquires a separate lineage from the pancreas and the intestine, and subsequently, the liver bud must appropriately differentiate to form metabolic hepatocytes and cholangiocytes for proper hepatic physiology. In addition, throughout life, the liver is bombarded with chemical and pathological insults, which require the activation and correct differentiation of adult progenitor cells. This Review seeks to provide an overview of the complex signaling relationships that allow these tightly regulated processes to occur.
Modeling the Tumor Growth Profiles in Xenograft Experiments—Letter
Authors: Ioannis D. Bassukas
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

We read with interest the proposal of Zhao and colleagues (1) concerning the analysis of tumor xenograft experiments and the accompanying commentary (2) that further highlights the main advantages and limitations of the suggested approach. However, I would like to point out to a distinct aspect of tumor xenograft growth not adequately addressed by Zhao and colleagues (1) and Heitjan (2), which deserves a short remark.Zhao and colleagues (1) assume exponential growth or regression during the whole xenograft experiment. Although this is a sufficient operational approximation that facilitates the model calculations and is approximately fulfilled in many cases, it is biologically quite irrelevant, as it presumes a tumor growth that totally escapes from any form of growth restriction or homeostatic control. The presented approach is efficient enough to heuristically analyze corresponding tumor xenorgaft experiments; however, it lacks the potency to adequately interpret alterations in the pattern of tumor growth after treatment.Particularly, quantification of growth retardation, as usually approached through tumor growth data modeling with the help of sigmoidal growth curves (logistic, Gompertz, etc.), may provide quite valuable and biologically interpretable information concerning tumor biology and therapeutic response (2). For example, we have previously shown that the growth pattern of first-generation renal cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice is not exponential and that the prognosis of the patients correlates with the rate of growth retardation of the tumor xenograft, being better for tumors with a higher degree of growth retardation (3). Also, phenomena related to tumor dormancy and their consequences for the evaluation of treatment strategies can be conceptualized only within the framework of tumor growth patterns with growth saturation kinetics (4).Finally, treatment usually changes the pattern of tumor growth, leading in many cases to complexly altered growth dynamics of treated or relapsed tumors compared with untreated controls, especially with the current use of biologics. Treatment can substantially alter the growth pattern of xenografts in nude mice by affecting not simply growth rates but also the process of growth retardation (5). Accordingly, following a partial response tumor regrowth may start with lower growth rates than controls; however, the treated tumors may ultimately become even larger due to a parallel inhibition of the process of growth retardation. Nonexponential extensions of the model proposed by Zhao and colleagues (1) are welcome for a more versatile approach to the evaluation of tumor xenograft experiments.See the Response, p. 4613No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
The Cardiovascular Aspects of Marfan's Syndrome: A Heritable Disorder of Connective Tissue
Authors: VICTOR A. MCKUSICK
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Clinically, Marfan's disease behaves as an abiotrophy of some connective tissue element. Cardiovascular manifestations result from defective aortic media, defective valve cusps, interatrial communication, and pectus excavatum. The defect of the aortic media manifests itself by dissecting aneurysm, diffuse aneurysm of the ascending aorta or a combination. Subacute bacterial endocarditis in a patient with Marfan's disease is described. Interatrial septal defect is less frequent than previously believed. Cardiac symptoms in severe pectus excavatum must be evaluated in light of possible Marfan's disease. Fifty families in which at least one bona fide instance of Marfan's disease has occurred were collected.
The HiNF-P/p220NPAT Cell Cycle Signaling Pathway Controls Nonhistone Target Genes
Authors: Ricardo Medina, Margaretha van der Deen, Angela Miele-Chamberland, Rong-Lin Xie, Andre J. van Wijnen, Janet L. Stein, Gary S. Stein
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract HiNF-P and its cofactor p220NPAT are principal factors regulating histone gene expression at the G1-S phase cell cycle transition. Here, we have investigated whether HiNF-P controls other cell cycle– and cancer-related genes. We used cDNA microarrays to monitor responsiveness of gene expression to small interfering RNA–mediated depletion of HiNF-P. Candidate HiNF-P target genes were examined for the presence of HiNF-P recognition motifs, in vitro HiNF-P binding to DNA, and in vivo association by chromatin immunoprecipitations and functional reporter gene assays. Of 177 proliferation-related genes we tested, 20 are modulated in HiNF-P–depleted cells and contain putative HiNF-P binding motifs. We validated that at least three genes (i.e., ATM, PRKDC, and CKS2) are HiNF-P dependent and provide data indicating that the DNA damage response is altered in HiNF-P–depleted cells. We conclude that, in addition to histone genes, HiNF-P also regulates expression of nonhistone targets that influence competency for cell cycle progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10334–42]
Direct secretory effect of interleukin-1 via type I receptors in human colonic mucous epithelial cells (HT29-C1.16E).
Authors: A Jarry, G Vallette, J E Branka, C Laboisse
Journal: Gut (1996)

The stable differentiated human colonic epithelial cell line, HT29-C1.16E, was used to study the effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on mucin exocytosis. The main findings include: (a) IL-1 stimulated a rapid release of mucin from filter grown HT29-C1.16E cells, this effect being dose related; (b) this secretory effect was abolished in the presence of the blocking monoclonal antibody M4 specific for IL-1 receptors type I, showing that IL-1 receptors type I mediated IL-1 action; (c) experiments based on chamber cultures showed that these receptors were located on the basolateral membranes of HT29-C1.16E cells; (d) finally, mRNA for IL-1 receptors type I were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in these cells. To extend these findings to the in vivo situation, the rapid stimulatory effect of IL-1 on mucin exocytosis may contribute to the wash out of noxious agents during mucosal inflammation.
Lucid Dreaming as a Treatment for Recurrent Nightmares
Authors: Antonio L. Zadra, Robert O. Pihl
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Lucid dreams occur when a person becomes aware that he or she is dreaming while still in the dream state. Previous reports on the use of lucid dreaming in the treatment of nightmares do not contain adequate baseline data, follow-up data, or both.A treatment of recurrent nightmares incorporating progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and lucid dream induction is presented for 2 case studies. Three other cases were treated with lucid dream induction alone. The duration of the nightmares ranged from once every few days to once every few months.The procedures were effective in all 5 cases. A 1-year follow-up showed that 4 of the subjects no longer had nightmares and that 1 subject experienced a decrease in the intensity and frequency of her nightmares.The alleviation of recurrent nightmares in these 5 cases parallels the results reported by other authors who have used training in lucid dreaming to treat nightmares. Our results support the idea that treatments based on lucid dream induction can be of therapeutic value. Based on these and other case studies, it remains unclear whether the principal factor responsible for the alleviation of nightmares is lucidity itself, or the ability to alter some aspect of the dream.