tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Incidence of Periprocedural Complications Among Patients With Peripheral Vascular Disease Undergoing Myocardial Revascularization in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation
Authors: Charanjit S. Rihal, Kim Sutton-Tyrrell, Ping Guo, Norma M. Keller, Ruzena Jandova, Mary Ann Sellers, Hartzell V. Schaff, David R. Holmes
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Risks of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) may be different in the presence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Methods and Results —We analyzed outcomes of 550 patients with PVD enrolled in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation randomized trial and registry. Compared with 1770 patients without PVD, those with PVD were older and had a greater prevalence of medical comorbid conditions. No significant differences in coronary anatomy or PTCA success rates were found. The risk of any major complication (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coma, or emergency revascularization) after PTCA was significantly higher among patients with PVD (11.7% versus 7.8%, P =0.027). In multivariate analysis, this represented a 50% increase in the odds of having any major complication (multivariate odds ratio, 1.5; P =0.032). Among patients undergoing CABG, the risk of major complications was found to be markedly higher for patients with PVD (12%) than those without (6.1%, P =0.003) even after controlling for baseline differences (multivariate odds ratio, 1.8; P =0.018). Major differences between the PTCA and CABG groups were related primarily to a higher risk of neurological complications in PVD patients who had CABG (multivariate odds ratio, 2.8; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —We conclude that patients with PVD are at high risk for periprocedural complications after myocardial revascularization, in particular neurological events.
Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Long-Term Predictive Value of Assessment of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Contrast-Enhanced Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Fabian Bamberg, Wieland H. Sommer, Verena Hoffmann, Stephan Achenbach, Konstantin Nikolaou, David Conen, Maximilian F. Reiser, Udo Hoffmann, Christoph R. Becker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Transcobalamin II deficiency associated with unusual bone marrow findings and chromosomal abnormalities
Authors: Sohail R. Rana, Neville Colman, Kong‐Oo Goh, Victor Herbert, Martin R. Klemperer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract A female infant presented at seven weeks of age with failure to thrive, progressively severe pancytopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia and, mucosal ulceration. Bone marrow morphology showed severed megaloblastic changes in the myeloid series with a shift to the left and an increased number of blasts with abnormal morphology. Erythroid precursors and megakaryocytes were markedly decreased. Cytogenetic studies showed marked aneuploidy and increased chromosomal breakage. Treatment with high doses of vitamin B 12 resulted in a dramatic clinical response with hematological values becoming normal. The patient's serum showed absence of transcobalamin II, and very little TC I and TC III binding. The patient's parents had only half the lower limits of normal transcobalamin II. QUSO G‐32 was used for separation of transcobalamins, and the results were confirmed by Sephacryl S‐300. This case illustrates the usefulness of QUSO in the rapid diagnosis of transcobalamin II deficiency.
Public should know of efficacy of early hospital treatment of paracetamol overdose
Authors: G. Wannan, E. Fagan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The central problem is often poor design and conduct of trialsEditor-We are concerned about some aspects of the recent articles on consent. 1 2 Len Doyal claims that informed consent may not be necessary for three most vulnerable groups: young children, patients with learning difficulties, and unconscious or semiconscious patients.Yet young children (unlike all adult groups) have the protection of their parents' consent, and this should always be respected. 3 The other two groups show the limitations of applying Kantian respect for autonomy, designed for property owning 18th century gentlemen, to vulnerable dependent patients.There is an urgent need to agree new ways of making research decisions with and for these minority groups.As is usual in arguments against seeking informed consent, there is a tendency to concentrate on dramatic extremes: patients with severe mental impairment and patients receiving heroic cancer treatment.The development of principles from extremes is dangerous and should be discouraged.Difficulties with relatively small groups should not be used to excuse researchers from requesting the consent of the vast majority of the millions of people every year who help with research into mundane pharmaceutical trials of treatments of arthritis or everyday misery.A deeper problem with the articles is the assumption that consent is the central problem in research.We suggest that, more often, the central problem is the poor design and conduct of trials which alienate or distress people on whose practical support researchers depend.The solution here is not to tinker with consent but to clean up research.Health service users could help at every stage of clinical research: the selection of questions worth investigating; the design and conduct of trials, including the information materials; the interpretation and reporting of the evidence; dissemination; and working with practitioners to put findings into practice.Consumers for Ethics in Research has been working with health service users, researchers, and practitioners on these issues for the past eight years, partly through regular open meetings, during which many practical ideas have been advanced.
Genetics "shop" to open in Manchester airport
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Gene Shop, an innovative venture to increase public knowledge of genetics and genetic screening, will open in Manchester airport on 25 February.

The new shop is a non-commercial venture set up by the genetics department of the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Trust and Euroscreen, a research programme funded by the European Union.

The Gene Shop will be staffed by health visitors and community paediatricians attached to the Manchester clinical genetics unit, who will be working with a lead health visitor with a background in education and genetics. All have been trained to deal with what is anticipated to be a broad range of …
Detection and characterization of human serum antibodies to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol-epoxide DNA adducts.
Authors: M J Newman, B A Light, A Weston, D Tollurud, J L Clark, D L Mann, J P Blackmon, C C Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The presence of serum antibodies to the diol-epoxide DNA adducts of representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), chrysene, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, was determined by ELISA using serum samples obtained from normal healthy individuals. Antibodies that reacted against PAH adducted-DNA, but not against PAH-adducted protein, were found in the serum of approximately 40% of the test individuals. Specificity analysis of the antibodies demonstrated that serological cross-reactions between the benzo[a]pyrene and the chrysene diol-epoxide adducts were present. Similar cross-reactivity between the benz[a]anthracene and the chrysene adducts was observed. Sera containing antibodies that were apparently specific for each of the three PAH-DNA adducts were also identified. The presence of antibodies to PAH-DNA adducts indicates both past exposure to these carcinogenic PAH and their metabolic activation to the DNA damaging metabolites. These antibodies may prove to be useful in both retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies of various diseases associated with PAH exposure.
Varicella-Zoster Infection in Patients with Cancer
Authors: STEPHEN SCHIMPFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Over a 24-month period, among 419 patients with cancer, zoster occurred in 25% of patients with Hodgkin's disease, 8.7% of other lymphoma patients, but in only 1.2% of patients with acute leukemia and 1.8% of patients with solid tumors. A disseminated or generalized form of zoster occurred in 12 of the 37 patients with zoster; these patients were more frequently DNCB-negative, but they were not necessarily receiving continuing cancer chemotherapy. Localization of zoster was frequently related to a site of prior radiation therapy. Recurrence of zoster occurred in 8 patients. Patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease, cutaneous anergy, and recent nodal radiotherapy were inordinately predisposed to zoster. Absent varicella-zoster complement fixation titers in exposed patients with lymphoma but not leukemia also predisposed to zoster development. Zoster was an exogenously acquired reinfection in many patients, with a prolonged incubation period. No exposed staff member developed clinical infection, and only two had an antibody rise.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE OPERATIVE CURE OF INGUINAL HERNIA
Authors: M. G. SEELIG
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The modern operation for the cure of inguinal hernia is not as satisfactory as. we have grown accustomed to believe. Supportive evidence for this statement may be found in the high percentage of recurrence furnished by trustworthy operators, and likewise in the fact that so many different modifications of the operation have been recommended within the last five or ten years. As an offset to this rather pessimistic outlook, we may have faith in the belief that out of these modifications there are developing rational procedures of practical value. It has been recognized for a long time that high ligation of the sac and perfect wound healing are two vitally fundamental factors in protecting against postoperative recurrence. It is therefore not necessary to devote any time to reemphasizing these facts or to discussing at length the moot points of obliquity of the inguinal canal and the valvelike action of its
A good death—but no thanks to the NHS
Authors: Paula Newton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A year ago my frail 77 year old father had his renal function checked, on a Friday, by his GP. It was not unreasonable to do such a check, as he had severe cardiac failure, a recurrently infected replacement aortic aneurysm graft, lobectomy for a squamous cell carcinoma (secondary to smoking a pipe since university), and osteoporosis causing severe back pain, to name but a few of his pathologies. Clearly he was living on borrowed time. Despite all this he had enjoyed a weekend away with his wife in the New Forest less than a week before and had a more than reasonable quality of life.

His greatest fear was hospital admission; after all he had been there more times than he could count already, and as each weekend approached the risk loomed of an out of hours admission from which his own GP's wisdom would be absent. If it was a bank holiday weekend then his anxiety levels rose even higher. As I live 130 km away I suggested that a summary of his complex medical condition, and a written statement of his desire …
Medicine without signs.
Authors: G Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Psychiatry is often criticised for not defining the limits of its skill, but its boundaries will remain imprecise until objective diagnostic criteria can be established. Recent studies have broadened its potential scope by showing that the extent of mental disorder ranges far beyond the layman's traditional view of madness.1 One of the more important observations is the frequency with which patients with unrecognised psychiatric morbidity present to medical and surgical specialists. The overlap between psychiatry and other clinical disciplines has become increasingly recognised ; indeed, the leading neurologist Henry Miller2 defined psychiatry as neurology without physical  But this is a limited view. A wide variety of medical illnesses may present with mental symptoms and, conversely, psychiatric illness often presents with physical complaints. Indeed, Miller's definition might legitimately be expanded to describe this area of clinical practice as medicine without signs. There are bodily signs of psychiatric illness, but these are subtle and not of the order looked for by the doctor seeking to confirm or refute physical illness. Doctors have long appreciated that many patients consulting them with physical symptoms have no organic  but there was little attempt to study the problem systematically until Cabot reported a series of patients from Massachusetts General Hospital in 1907.3 Among 5000 outpatients he found that only 53% had organic disease; the other 47% were said to be suffering from  disease, including such diagnoses as uterine misplacements, neurasthenia, apprehension, and gastroptosis. Since then functional disease has been dis? credited as a descriptive term4 and we are now concerned with the positive recognition of psychiatric illness in these patients.
High sensitivity of CAP-FEIA rVes v 5 and rVes v 1 for diagnosis of Vespula venom allergy
Authors: Peter Korošec, Rudolf Valenta, Irene Mittermann, Nina Čelesnik, Mira Šilar, Mihaela Zidarn, Mitja Košnik
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Notch-1 Confers Resistance to ErbB-2 Targeted Inhibition by Regulating PTEN, p27, and IGF-1R.
Authors: K. Mehta, K. Meeke, A. Clementz, K. Albain, C. Osipo
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Amplification, over-expression, and/or hyperactivity of ErbB-2 occur in 30% of breast tumors. Metastatic breast tumors that overexpress ErbB-2 are difficult to treat and generally resistant to trastuzumab or lapatinib. We have recently published that overexpression of ErbB-2 suppresses Notch-1 activity and this is reversed by inhibitors of ErbB-2, trastuzumab or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Osipo et al., 2008. Oncogene). Furthermore, we demonstrated that trastuzumab resistance is reversed when Notch-1 is downregulated by siRNA or when cells are treated with a gamma-secretase inhibitor. Overexpression of IGF-1R and/or downregulation of PTEN, and p27Kip1 have been shown to be very sensitive markers of trastuzumab resistance. Based on our results and what is known from the literature, we asked by what mechanism Notch-1 contributes to trastuzumab resistance and can a combination therapy prevent or reverse the resistant phenotype by using a pre-clinical in vivo model.Methods: Using a pcDNA3.1-NIC construct expressing activated Notch-1 and a Notch-1 siRNA, we either increased NIC levels in trastuzumab sensitive or downregulated Notch-1 in trastuzumab resistant BT474 cells, respectively and measured protein and mRNA expressions of PTEN, p27Kip1, and the IGF-1R. In addition, BT474 breast tumor xenografts were generated in athymic mice and randomized to vehicle, MRK-003 or Ly411,575 gamma-secretase inhibitor, trastuzumab, or trastuzumab plus a gamma-secretase inhibitor. Tumor size was measured up to 14 weeks with treatments and up to 12 weeks after stopping treatments.Results: The results showed that intracellular, active Notch-1 (ICN) increased mRNA and protein expression of the IGF-1R, while simultaneously decreased protein expressions of PTEN and p27Kip1 in ErbB-2 positive breast cancer cells sensitive to trastuzumab. Conversely, knockdown of Notch-1 by siRNA in resistant cells decreased IGF-1R, while increasing PTEN and p27Kip1. The xenograft studies demonstrated that combining a GSI with trastuzumab either completely prevented tumor recurrence (MRK-003 GSI) or significantly delayed tumor recurrence (Ly 411,575 GSI).Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that Notch-1 potentially contributes to trastuzumab resistance by upregulating the IGF-1R and downregulating PTEN and p27Kip1 in vitro. The benefit of inhibiting Notch activity using a GSI in combination with trastuzumab is prevention of resistance and tumor recurrence. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3123.
Renin Release after Hemorrhage and after Suprarenal Aortic Constriction in Dogs without Sodium Delivery to the Macula Densa
Authors: EDWARD H. BLAINE, JAMES O. DAVIS, ROBERT T. WITTY
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

To study the possible factors that control renin secretion by the kidney, a model has been developed to prevent glomerular filtration in the dog. Ureteral ligation was combined with a 2-hour period of total renal ischemia to induce tubular degeneration and cessation of glomerular filtration. After the surgical procedures, the dogs were maintained for 4 days by peritoneal dialysis. The absence of lissamine green dye in the renal tubules after an intra-aortic injection provided evidence that filtration had ceased. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased in six conscious dogs at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after hemorrhage of 20 ml/kg body weight. In another group of five conscious animals, suprarenal aortic constriction produced increases in plasma renin activity at 30, 60, and 90 minutes that were 3 to 4 times the control values before aortic constriction. Plasma renin substrate concentration did not change significantly after hemorrhage or after aortic constriction. In a third group of five dogs, only the left kidney was subjected to ureteral ligation and renal ischemia. These dogs were anesthetized and renal blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. After hemorrhage (20 ml/kg), renin secretion increased significantly above control levels at 30, 45, and 60 minutes. It is concluded that sodium delivery to the macula densa is not essential for renin secretion.
ISOLATION OF A FRAGMENT (C3a) OF THE THIRD COMPONENT OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT CONTAINING ANAPHYLATOXIN AND CHEMOTACTIC ACTIVITY AND DESCRIPTION OF AN ANAPHYLATOXIN INACTIVATOR OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Viktor A. Bokisch, Hans J. Müller-Eberhard, Charles G. Cochrane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

A small fragment of C3, called C3a, which has smooth muscle contracting activity, was isolated by three different methods. At pH 8.6, C3a behaved as cation, and using the Archibald method, its mol wt was determined to be 7000. A specific antiserum to C3a showed the fragment to be antigenically distinct from the rest of the C3 molecule, i.e., the C3b portion. The same antiserum and an anti-whole C3 were able to inhibit the biologic activity of C3a. In addition to anaphylatoxin activity, leukocyte chemotactic activity was shown to reside in C3a. Treatment with trypsin caused the cationic fragment to become anionic and abolished the anaphylatoxin but not the chemotactic activity. C3a fragments with identical biologic activity and comparable cationic properties, as determined by acid disc electrophoresis, were obtained by treatment of C3 with C3 convertase, C3 inactivator complex, trypsin, and plasmin. Thrombin produced a similar C3 fragment which was inactive. It was concluded that C3a corresponds to an unusually basic portion of C3 which may be liberated by attack of a variety of enzymes on a highly susceptible region of the native C3 molecule. C3b was cleaved by trypsin and less efficiently by thrombin or plasmin into two antigenically distinct pieces: the larger C3c fragment corresponding to beta(1A) and the smaller C3d fragment to alpha(2D) of aged serum. The c- and the d-fragments were separated and characterized. Isolated C3a rapidly lost its anaphylatoxin activity when treated with small amounts of a partially purified, thermolabile 10S alpha-pseudoglobulin of human serum. The conditions of inactivation suggested an enzymatic reaction. The anaphylatoxin inactivator also destroyed the activity of C5-derived anaphylatoxin and of lysyl bradykinin.
STUDIES ON THE MODE OF SPREAD OF B. ENTERITIDIS MOUSE TYPHOID INFECTION
Authors: Leslie T. Webster, Caspar Burn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. During early stages of multiplication, single cells from smooth-, mucoid-, and rough-susceptible and variant colonies show no differences in morphology or growth rate. 2. Cells from 18 to 24 hour single cell cultures of these various colony types possess similar oxygen absorption and cataphoretic migratory rates. In staining property, the cells from mucoid colonies appear larger, and those from rough colonies smaller, than the typical cells from smooth-susceptible colonies. 3. Cells from bacteriophage-resistant colonies differ from those of bacteriophage-susceptible colonies in their ability to multiply luxuriantly in the presence of bacteriophage, and in their tendency to flocculate in acid solutions at pH 3.8 to 4.1, as well as in their low degree of virulence. 4. Cells from smooth bacteriophage-susceptible colonies in contact with bacteriophage under conditions where multiplication is restrained may be altered so as to resemble the cells from the bacteriophage-resistant colonies. 5. These facts furnish evidence that bacteriophage adheres to the surface of the bacterial cell and that the various cell changes and colony alterations are of an environmental rather than genetic nature.
Neurovascular Structure-adjacent Frozen-section Examination (NeuroSAFE) Increases Nerve-sparing Frequency and Reduces Positive Surgical Margins in Open and Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Experience After 11 069 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Thorsten Schlomm, Pierre Tennstedt, Caroline Huxhold, Thomas Steuber, Georg Salomon, Uwe Michl, Hans Heinzer, Jens Hansen, Lars Budäus, Stefan Steurer, Corinna Wittmer, Sarah Minner, Alexander Haese, Guido Sauter, Markus Graefen, Hartwig Huland
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Evaluation of nonradioactive, colored microspheres for measurement of regional myocardial blood flow in dogs.
Authors: S L Hale, K J Alker, R A Kloner
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) is crucial in experimental studies of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in dogs. The standard measurement technique uses radioactive microspheres; however, not all institutions are able to dispose of radioactive waste and therefore cannot make use of this method. We tested a new, nonradioactive microsphere, labeled with colors instead of nuclides. Simultaneous blood flow measurements with two nuclide-labeled and two colored microspheres were performed after coronary occlusion in dogs. Both techniques show a within-method correlation of r greater than 0.98. Duplicate variability for paired RMBF values in 80 samples was 8.7 +/- 0.1% when computed with radioactive microspheres and 13.2 +/- 1.8% when computed with colored microspheres. There was a good correlation in the measurement of RMBF between the radioactive- and colored-microsphere methods (r = 0.98). The best-fitting linear regression line was expressed by the formula: Colored-microsphere RMBF = 1.11 (radioactive-microsphere RMBF)-0.02. When measured by colored microspheres, RMBF was approximately 8% higher than when computed with radioactive microspheres for blood flow values of 0-2 ml/min/g. When blood flow was increased pharmacologically to levels of 2-7.5 ml/min/g, colored microspheres yielded blood flow values 39% higher than the values computed by radioactive microspheres. We conclude that the nonradioactive, colored-microsphere method correlates with the radioactive technique, but at high flows, it yields values greater than those obtained with radioactive microspheres.
Semacarpus anacardium-induced facial oedema
Authors: A. Cade, C.S. Nelson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Semacarpus anacardium‐induced facial oedema Get access A. Cade, A. Cade Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Clarendon Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.S. Nelson C.S. Nelson The Derbyshire Children's Hospital, North Street, Derby, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 2, 1 August 1996, Pages 338–339, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01186.x Published: 01 August 1996