tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of cardiac hypertrophy on the coronary collateral circulation.
Authors: D G Harrison, D H Barnes, L F Hiratzka, C L Eastham, R E Kerber, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We have previously shown that dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy have larger infarcts (per risk area size) than do control animals. A potential explanation for this is that collateral resistance is higher in these dogs. Paradoxically, previous postmortem studies in human hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy have suggested that coronary collaterals are actually increased in this condition. To test the hypothesis that left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with alterations in coronary collateral resistance, studies were performed in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and in patients with aortic valvular disease at the time of cardiac surgery. With an isolated, adenosine-vasodilated, blood-perfused cardiac preparation, collateral and normal zone pressure-flow relationships were established by means of radioactive microspheres in nine dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and in 17 controls. Collateral resistance calculated from these pressure-flow relationships were similar in both groups (4.0 +/- 0.7 in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and 3.9 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/ml/min/100 g in controls). In addition, normal zone resistance was not different between groups (transmural resistances 0.17 +/- 0.01 in controls and 0.18 +/- 0.02 in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. In five patients with aortic valve disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, and normal coronary arteries and in six patients without left ventricular hypertrophy who had normal left anterior descending coronary arteries, a 7 MHz suction-mounted echo transducer was used to monitor systolic wall thickening during transient occlusions of the left anterior descending artery at the time of cardiac surgery. Because noncollateralized myocardium ceases to contract promptly after coronary occlusion, this approach provides an indirect index of collateral perfusion. Twenty seconds after the onset of coronary occlusion, systolic thickening had markedly decreased in both groups (15 +/- 10% of control values in nonhypertrophied hearts and 10 +/- 10% in hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy; p = NS between groups). Thus the severity of contraction abnormality induced during transient coronary occlusion in these two groups of patients was similar, suggesting that the degree of severity of ischemia was comparable between the two groups. We conclude that collateral resistance is not altered by hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and that left ventricular hypertrophy in patients is not associated with functional evidence of an enhanced collateral circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Extended survival and reduced risk of AML progression in erythroid-responsive lenalidomide-treated patients with lower-risk del(5q) MDS
Authors: A F List, J M Bennett, M A Sekeres, B Skikne, T Fu, J M Shammo, S D Nimer, R D Knight, A Giagounidis
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Lenalidomide is the approved treatment for patients with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion-dependent lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chromosome 5q deletion (del(5q)). We report the long-term outcomes (median follow-up 3.2 years) in patients treated with lenalidomide in the MDS-003 trial. RBC transfusion independence (TI) ≥ 8 weeks was achieved in 97 of 148 treated patients (65.5%), with a median response duration of 2.2 years. Partial or complete cytogenetic response was achieved by 63 of 88 evaluable patients (71.6%). Median overall survival (OS) was longer in patients achieving RBC-TI ≥ 8 weeks (4.3 vs 2.0 years in non-responders; P<0.0001) or cytogenetic response (4.9 vs 3.1 years in non-responders; P=0.010). Time to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression was longer in patients achieving RBC-TI ≥ 8 weeks or any cytogenetic response versus non-responders (P=0.001 and P=0.0002, respectively). In a landmark multivariate analysis, RBC-TI ≥ 8 weeks was associated with prolonged OS (P<0.001) and a trend toward reduced relative risk of AML progression (P=0.080). Among these lower-risk MDS patients with del(5q), lenalidomide was associated with prolonged RBC-TI and cytogenetic responses, which were linked to improved OS and reduced risk of AML progression.
Increase in Exhaled Nitric Oxide Is Associated with Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness among Apprentices
Authors: Paul Tossa, Christophe Paris, Denis Zmirou-Navier, Valérie Demange, Dovi-Stéphanie Acouetey, Jean-Pierre Michaely, Abraham Bohadana
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma. Several studies have validated the use of the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (Fe(NO)) as a surrogate marker of airway inflammation in asthma.We examined how the change in Fe(NO) levels, since the beginning of occupational exposure, could be associated with the incidence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) among baker, pastry maker, and hairdresser apprentices during their 2-year training.A standardized questionnaire was administered; skin prick tests for common and specific occupational allergens were done; methacholine challenge and measurement of Fe(NO) were performed 6, 12, and 15 months after the first examination.Of 441 apprentices initially included, 351 completed the study. The increase in Fe(NO), since the beginning of exposure, was associated with the incidence of BHR (odds ratio, 2.00 [95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.32] per unit increase in log parts per billion) both in atopic and nonatopic subjects. The average increase in Fe(NO) was similar in atopic and nonatopic subjects and was unrelated to past or current smoking habits, sex, or training track. Atopy in bakers/pastry makers and sensitization to alkaline persulfates in hairdressers were also independently associated with the incidence of BHR. BHR occurred sooner among bakers/pastry makers than among hairdressers, but its incidence leveled off later.Our results suggest that measurement of Fe(NO), a simple and reproducible test, could be useful in the screening of BHR in workers newly exposed to agents known to cause occupational asthma.
Notes from a Clinical Lecture on Some of the Diagnostic Differences between Bronchitis and Heart-Disease
Authors: S. Wilks
Journal: BMJ (1885)

THE BRITISH MBDIGAL JOU1YAL.61 that, whatever men may be in other things, they arc not "Mmostly 5.f\ols.".in.regard to the plan of their meals..JThe-common order of courses in a plain dinner is soup, fish, joint, *ildding, bread and cheese, and dessert.The reason why soup comes *.firit, has been adfnirably shown by Schiff in his experiments on diges- tion.This physiologist found that the stomach of an animal which some time before had digested a full meal, had very little power to digest albumen introduced directly into it; and a similar fact Was ascertained in regard to an extract made fronm the stomach itself, this extract hardly acting on albumen at all.The stomach seemed to be exhausted by the effort of digesting a full meal several hours before,
Patient-Centered Medicine: Transforming the Clinical Method
Authors: T. Schofield
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Moira Stewart, Judith Belle Brown, W Wayne Weston, Ian R MacWhinney, Carol L McWilliam, Thomas R Freeman Sage, pounds sterling19.50, pp 267 ISBN 0 8039 5689 4

Many of the successes of modern medicine have been based on our understanding of the nature, classification, and causes of diseases and our ability to diagnose and treat them. Many of our continued problems are due, however, to the limitations of this approach, and doctors sometimes find it difficult to understand why patients often do not choose to continue the treatments that we prescribe or to adopt healthy lifestyles, sometimes seek alternative medical or non-medical care, and even occasionally complain about …
Aortocoronary-Artery Bypass
Authors: Michael E. DeBakey
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DURING the past ten years, as aortocoronary-arterybypass operation has received wider application, the procedure has been subjected to possibly the most intensive scrutiny of any operation in the history of surgery. The recent preliminary report of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study,<sup>1</sup>highly publicized in the lay press, has not only created considerable controversy within the medical profession, but has also caused confusion and concern cmong patients. Unfortunately, an editorial accompanying this report has been erroneously interpreted as a total condemnation of the surgical treatment of coronary arterial disease.<sup>2</sup>That the preliminary study of a small, highly selective group of patients operated on by surgeons with variable experience and observed for a mean interval of only 21 months should have received such enormous attention indicates the passion and partisanship that have enveloped this subject. In the 13 years since the first successful aortocoronary-artery—bypass graft was performed for coronary atherosclerosis,
Anatomic and Functional Characteristics of a Slow Posterior AV Nodal Pathway
Authors: Djamila Medkour, Anton E. Becker, Karim Khalife, Jacques Billette
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The AV node is frequently the site of reentrant rhythms. These rhythms arise from a slow and a fast pathway for which the anatomic and functional substratum remain debated. This study proposes a new explanation for dual-pathway physiology in which the posterior nodal extension (PNE) provides the substratum for the slow pathway. Methods and Results —The anatomic and functional properties of the PNE were studied in 14 isolated rabbit heart preparations. A PNE was found in all studied preparations. It appeared as an elongated bundle of specialized tissues lying along the lower side of Koch’s triangle between the coronary sinus ostium and compact node. No well-defined boundary separated the PNE, compact node, and lower nodal cell bundle. The electric properties of the PNE were characterized with a premature protocol and surface potential recordings from histologically controlled locations. The PNE showed cycle-length–dependent posteroanterior slow activation with a shorter refractory period (minimum local cycle length) than that of the compact node. During early premature beats resulting in block in transitional tissues, the markedly delayed PNE activation could propagate to maintain or resume nodal conduction and initiate reentrant beats. A shift to PNE conduction resulted in different patterns of discontinuity on conduction curves. Transmembrane action potentials recorded from PNE cells in 6 other preparations confirmed the slow nature of PNE potentials. Conclusions —The PNE is a normal anatomic feature of the rabbit AV node. It constitutes a cycle-length–dependent slow pathway with a shorter refractory period than that of the compact node. Propagated PNE activation can account for a discontinuity in conduction curves, markedly delayed AV nodal responses, and reentry. Finally, the PNE provides a substratum for the slow pathway in dual-pathway physiology.
Deficiency of the Second Component of Complement (C2) with Chronic Vasculitis
Authors: Peter Friend, John E. Repine, Youngki Kim, C. C. Clawson, Alfred F. Michael
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A patient had complete deficiency of the second component of complement associated with chronic vasculitis and increased susceptibility to infection. We discuss here results of the complement profile, histocompatibility typing, and studies of the functional properties of patient plasma or serum in chemotaxis and opsonization in relation to the disease entity and host susceptibility to infection.
Dementia, Renal Failure, and Brain Aluminum
Authors: ALLEN I. ARIEFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Dialysis dementia is a progressive and usually fatal neurologic syndrome occurring in patients on chronic hemodialysis. These patients may also have elevated levels of aluminum (Al+3) in the cerebral cortex. Possible relations between brain Al+3, increased Al+3 intake, and dementia were evaluated. Studies were done in seven groups of patients and five groups of experimental animals. In both normal dogs and rats and those with renal failure, oral Al+3 loading (Al[OH]3), resulted in significant increases of brain Al+3 (P less than 0.01). In patients with renal failure, who were neither demented nor treated with dialysis, brain Al+3 was more than seven times normal (P less than 0.01), whereas in patients with dialysis dementia, mean brain Al+3 was more than 15 times normal. However, the two groups were not significantly different. Brain Al+3 was also significantly elevated in patients who had either metastatic cancer or hepatic coma. Apparently brain Al+3 can be elevated as a consequence of Al+3 loading, renal failure, and abnormalities of the blood-brain barrier. It is most likely that dialysis dementia has multifactoral causation and is probably not caused by elevated brain content of Al+3 alone.
Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Depressive Disorders
Authors: Martin G. Blinder
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Depression as seen in a general medical practice may be recognized as one of three syndromes whose cardinal feature may be (1) physiologic retardation, (2) prolonged, unresolved tension, (3) a schizoid personality disorder overlaid with depressive episodes; or as one of two groups in which it is symptomatic of (1) a neurotic problem in living or (2) an occult organic lesion. While treatment of each of these depressions is still largely empirical, occasionally necessitating a trial of one therapeutic technique and then another, most will respond to the regimens outlined. Of special interest is the differential diagnosis in the many cases within the broad depressive continuum in which the patient first presents with a physical rather than an emotional complaint.
PATHOLOGIC REPORT ON TWO OF THE GASSERIAN GANGLIA REMOVED BY DR. CUSHING.
Authors: WM. G. SPILLER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The first ganglion was received hardened in Müller's fluid. Portions of the three peripheral divisions were cut separately from the ganglion, and were studied in transverse and longitudinal sections. The body of the ganglion was cut in the longitudinal direction, so that the sensory root and the second and third branches were obtained in the same sections and the relations of the parts could be studied. The stains employed were ammonium-carmin, hematoxylin (methods of Weigert and Delafield), acid fuchsin, osmic acid (method of Marchi) and the Rosin stain. <h3>First Division: Weigert's Hematoxylin Method.</h3> —In examining a transverse section in which the decolorization has not been pushed very far and the connective tissue is stained a deep brown—a fair test of the degree of decolorization—one is impressed by the relatively few nerve-fibers which stain a deep black. In each nerve bundle many deeply stained nerve-fibers are found, but the majority of
ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SO-CALLED ENDOMETRITIS.
Authors: ERNEST F. TUCKER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It is with a feeling of great diffidence that I bring before this section such a common-place subject as endometritis, but I feel justified in doing so from the fact that, taking at random six different modern text-books, I find given twenty-seven different kinds of endometritis; out of these twenty-seven varieties, there is no one variety which is mentioned in each text-book. There are three varieties (exfoliating, gonorrheal and septic) which are mentioned in four; four varieties (atrophic, hypertrophic, simple chronic and fungous or fungoid) in three; eight varieties (hemorrhagic, hyperplastic, glandular, interstitial, polypoid, simple, tuberculous and senile) in two, and ten varieties (catarrhal, decidual, menstrual, diphtheritic, infectious, syphilitic, virginal, puerperal, putrid and villous-degeneration) mentioned once each in six different text-books. If gynecologists were earnest, serious students to-day and just beginning their gynecologic studies, they would throw up their hands in despair at twenty-seven different diseased conditions of one small
Informing Physicians About Promising New Treatments for Severe Illnesses
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Physicians are increasingly informed of promising new treatments for severe illnesses through unconventional communications such as press releases, press conferences, and direct mailings. These highly publicized announcements disseminate information quickly, often many months before new data are presented at medical meetings or published in peer-reviewed medical journals. Such unconventional communications, however, usually do not provide sufficient detail for physicians to evaluate new studies, answer patients' questions, or make recommendations. We suggest that physicians would be better informed about therapeutic advances through (1) expanded information in unconventional communications, (2) increased availability of information from the Food and Drug Administration, (3) early submission and accelerated review of key medical journal articles, and (4) expanded use of on-line computerized information sources. A commitment to inform physicians better about promising new treatments may help save or prolong the lives of patients with severe illnesses.
Is there a case for routine duodenal biopsy at gastroscopy or is a targeted approach adequate?
Authors: A. Hopper, T. Chew, A. Lewis, D. Sanders
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. D. Hopper et al., pp. 727Endoscopy 2008; 40(09): 968-968DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306867
Tissue Regeneration: Spatial Control of Cell Gene Expression by siRNA Gradients in Biodegradable Hydrogels (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2015)
Authors: Michael C. Hill, Minh K. Nguyen, Oju Jeon, Eben Alsberg
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

By silencing specific gene expression, short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potent biomolecule for regulating cell behavior in tissue engineering applications, and spatially patterning its presentation to cells may ultimately facilitate the engineering of complex tissues. The study by E. Alsberg and team on page 714 demonstrates a hydrogel system that presents a linear gradient of siRNA to encapsulated cells, inducing a spatial gradient of green fluorescent protein expression.
The Core of Geriatric Medicine: A Guide for Students and Practitioners
Authors: Theodore R. Reiff
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is a good book that can be used, as its title implies, as a guide for health practitioner students. It is not a comprehensive treatise on gerontology or geriatric medicine and is directed to psychiatric and rehabilitative aspects of the older patient. This is understandable, since Dr Libow is nationally recognized for his pioneering efforts in establishing the first-rate Geriatric Rehabilitation and Care Center, where most of the material in the book was developed. Dr Sherman formerly worked with Dr Libow at this center. If used along with one of the newer, more comprehensive texts in geriatric medicine, it would be useful to medical students and resident physicians who are training in geriatric medicine. Even without a more comprehensive text, the book will be useful to nurses and other health professionals. One of the hazards of any "how-to" book, as some may consider this work, is that it could
ABC of Atrial Fibrillation: ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN GENERAL AND HOSPITAL PRACTICE
Authors: G. Y H Lip, D G. Beevers, J. R Coope
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To identify patients with new onset atrial fibrillation * To assess thromboembolic risk and to start early treatment with antithrombotic drugs-warfarin will be needed for most patients, while aspirin may be suitable for patients aged <65 years with no cardiac risk factors or structural heart disease * To help to monitor treatment with anticoagulants * To refer appropriate patients to a cardiologist for further assessment (including echocardiography) and consideration of cardioversion * To be aware of potential drug interactions and toxicity with antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants
Book Review Neurological Disorders in Famous Artists (Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience. Vol. 19.) Edited by Julien Bogousslavsky and François Boller. 192 pp., illustrated. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2005. $99.75. 3-8055-7914-4
Authors: L.S. Jacyna
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Methylome analysis and integrative profiling of human HCCs identify novel protumorigenic factors
Authors: Olaf Neumann, Miriam Kesselmeier, Robert Geffers, Rossella Pellegrino, Bernhard Radlwimmer, Katrin Hoffmann, Volker Ehemann, Peter Schemmer, Peter Schirmacher, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo, Thomas Longerich
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

To identify new tumor-suppressor gene candidates relevant for human hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed genome-wide methylation profiling and vertical integration with array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), as well as expression data from a cohort of well-characterized human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Bisulfite-converted DNAs from 63 HCCs and 10 healthy control livers were analyzed for the methylation status of more than 14,000 genes. After defining the differentially methylated genes in HCCs, we integrated their DNA copy-number alterations as determined by aCGH data and correlated them with gene expression to identify genes potentially silenced by promoter hypermethylation. Aberrant methylation of candidates was further confirmed by pyrosequencing, and methylation dependency of silencing was determined by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment. Methylation profiling revealed 2,226 CpG sites that showed methylation differences between healthy control livers and HCCs. Of these, 537 CpG sites were hypermethylated in the tumor DNA, whereas 1,689 sites showed promoter hypomethylation. The hypermethylated set was enriched for genes known to be inactivated by the polycomb repressive complex 2, whereas the group of hypomethylated genes was enriched for imprinted genes. We identified three genes matching all of our selection criteria for a tumor-suppressor gene (period homolog 3 [PER3], insulin-like growth-factor-binding protein, acid labile subunit [IGFALS], and protein Z). PER3 was down-regulated in human HCCs, compared to peritumorous and healthy liver tissues. 5-aza-dC treatment restored PER3 expression in HCC cell lines, indicating that promoter hypermethylation was indeed responsible for gene silencing. Additionally, functional analysis supported a tumor-suppressive function for PER3 and IGFALS in vitro.The present study illustrates that vertical integration of methylation data with high-resolution genomic and transcriptomic data facilitates the identification of new tumor-suppressor gene candidates in human HCC.