tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABCB5 Maintains Melanoma-Initiating Cells through a Proinflammatory Cytokine Signaling Circuit
Authors: Brian J. Wilson, Karim R. Saab, Jie Ma, Tobias Schatton, Pablo Pütz, Qian Zhan, George F. Murphy, Martin Gasser, Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser, Natasha Y. Frank, Markus H. Frank
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The drug efflux transporter ABCB5 identifies cancer stem-like cells (CSC) in diverse human malignancies, where its expression is associated with clinical disease progression and tumor recurrence. ABCB5 confers therapeutic resistance, but other functions in tumorigenesis independent of drug efflux have not been described that might help explain why it is so broadly overexpressed in human cancer. Here we show that in melanoma-initiating cells, ABCB5 controls IL1β secretion, which serves to maintain slow cycling, chemoresistant cells through an IL1β/IL8/CXCR1 cytokine signaling circuit. This CSC maintenance circuit involved reciprocal paracrine interactions with ABCB5-negative cancer cell populations. ABCB5 blockade induced cellular differentiation, reversed resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents, and impaired tumor growth in vivo. Together, our results defined a novel function for ABCB5 in CSC maintenance and tumor growth.
Toxic Effects of Local Anesthetics-Reply
Authors: Rudolph H. de Jong
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Most all we know about modern drugs was, perforce, gained from laboratory experiments. So it is with local anesthetics and their side effects. Few humans would wish to volunteer for studies that carry with them the threat of convulsions, however remote it might be. As Dr Moore must know, the efficacy of diazepam as an anticonvulsant in preventing and treating CNS reactions to local anesthetics was established not only by me, but also by Munson, Wagman, Lesse, Feinstein, Wesseling, and other investigators referenced in my textbook.<sup>1</sup>Animal species tested were cats, rabbits, rodents, and monkeys. Since all reacted to diazepam in a similar manner, it would seem that extrapolation to man was not an unreasonable step—all the more since not just lidocaine (as Dr Moore intimates) but also procaine, tetracaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine reactions were reduced in both frequency and intensity by previous administration of diazepam. I
Treatment for impetigo
Authors: Sander Koning, Johannes C van der Wouden
Journal: BMJ (2004)

disease specific measures showed no improvement, patients seemed to feel better and reported benefit from treatment.This may give a clue to why patients seek help from alternative practitioners; evidence does exist that chiropractic confers worthwhile long term benefit mainly in patients with chronic or severe pain. 12Traditional health care may have little to offer.Back pain is a difficult problem.Referral to physiotherapy is an easy option.It gives the doctor some time, and the patient is having treatment.But NHS physiotherapy adds little to an advice sheet.In a resource limited health service we should ask serious questions about the use of resources, appropriate management of patients, and referral patterns.Is back pain an occupational health, a lifestyle, or even a medical problem?Should we question the use of resources in ineffective physiotherapy practice and suggest diverting the resources to lifestyle and activity instructors?For one of the most common and debilitating conditions in the community, we have no real answer.
Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in regulation of pulmonary vascular tone in the late gestation ovine fetus.
Authors: R L Rairigh, T D Le Cras, D D Ivy, J P Kinsella, G Richter, M P Horan, I D Fan, S H Abman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by NO synthase (NOS) modulates fetal pulmonary vascular tone and contributes to the fall in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at birth. Although the inducible (type II) NOS isoform is present in human and rat fetal lungs, it is uncertain whether type II NOS activity contributes to vascular NO production in the fetal lung. To determine whether type II NOS is present in the ovine fetal lung and to study the potential contribution of type II NOS on the regulation of basal PVR in the fetus, we measured the hemodynamic effects of three selective type II NOS antagonists: aminoguanidine (AG), 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3 thiazine (AMT), and S-ethylisothiourea (EIT). Studies were performed after at least 72 h of recovery from surgery in 19 chronically prepared fetal lambs (133+/-3 d; 147 d, term). Brief intrapulmonary infusions of AG (140 mg), AMT (0.12 mg), and EIT (0.12 mg) increased basal PVR by 82, 69, and 77%, respectively (P < 0.05). The maximum increase in PVR occurred within 20 min, but often persisted up to 80 min. These agents also increased mean aortic pressure but did not alter the pressure gradient between the pulmonary artery and aorta, suggesting little effect on tone of the ductus arteriosus. Acetylcholine-induced pulmonary vasodilation remained intact after treatment with selective type II NOS antagonists, but not after treatment with the nonselective NOS blocker, nitro-L-arginine. Using Northern blot analysis with poly(A)+ RNA, we demonstrated the presence of two mRNA transcripts for type II NOS (4.1 and 2.6 kb) in the fetal lung. We conclude that the type II NOS isoform is present in the ovine fetal lung, and that selective type II NOS antagonists increase PVR and systemic arterial pressure in the late-gestation fetus. We speculate that type II NOS may play a physiological role in the modulation of vascular tone in the developing fetal lung.
Caring for mentally ill people
Authors: J V Os, J Neeleman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Despite legislation to harmonise mental health practice throughout Europe and convergence in systems of trining there remains an extraordinary diversity in psychiatric practice in Europe.Approaches to tackling substance misuse vary among nations; statistics on psychiatric morbidity are affected by different approaches to diagnosis and treatment ofpsychiatric disorders; attitudes towards mental illness show definite international differences.Everywhere, though, mental health care for patients with psychotic illnesses is a "cinderella service," and there is a general move towards care falling increasingly on the family and the community.Legislation is fostering harmonisation of mental health practice throughout Europe (box 1).Countries like Britain are forcing their system of training into the Procrustean beds of "Euro-training" and "Euro- certification," and the past decades have seen an explosion of European psychiatric associations and European mental illness programmes (box 2).It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that there is an extraordinary diversity in psychiatric practice in Europe.We will discuss some of these contrasts in the light of the heterogeneity of the European sociocultural environment, differences in attitudes toward mentally ill people, and the miscellany of training programmes for mental health workers in Europe. Schisms in European psychiatryThe lack of reliable markers for psychiatric diagnoses has contributed to the continued use of "nationalistic" diagnostic categories such as the Scandinavian "reactive psychosis" and the French "bouffee delirante."Even a diagnosis of "schizophrenia" can refer to quite different concepts, resulting in striking disparities in national incidences ofthe disorder.'Modified electric shock treatnent for depressive states has fallen into disrepute in countries like the Netherlands and Germany, whereas in Britain, Denmark, France, and Bulgaria it continues to be widely used.23 Psychoanalytical theory (revolving around "unconscious" conflicts) is popular among
Therapy with cyclosporine in experimental murine myocarditis with encephalomyocarditis virus.
Authors: E S Monrad, A Matsumori, J C Murphy, J G Fox, C S Crumpacker, W H Abelmann
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To explain the progression from infectious viral myocarditis to congestive cardiomyopathy an infection/immune hypothesis has been proposed stating that the primary viral process incites an excessive or disordered immunologic response against the myocardium. To test whether one form of immunosuppressive therapy might ameliorate this process, we used cyclosporine in a murine preparation of infectious myocarditis (encephalomyocarditis [EMC] virus), which has been shown to result in a congestive cardiomyopathy pathologically similar to that seen in man. Eight-week-old male DBA-2 mice were infected with EMC virus and randomized to a treatment or control group. Cyclosporine (25 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously for 3 weeks, starting (1) at 1 week after infection during viral replication, and (2) at 3 weeks after infection, after the period of active viral replication. In mice treated during viral replication there was a significantly higher mortality rate compared with that of control mice (15/21 vs 9/29, p = .01). There was no evident reduction in myocardial pathology (inflammation, necrosis, or calcification) in the treated compared with the control groups. In mice treated after the period of viral replication, there was no improvement in mortality (8/22 vs 2/19, NS) compared with control. Treated mice showed no reduction in myocardial histopathologic lesions. Furthermore, treated mice had significantly greater heart weight/body weight ratios (1.3 +/- 0.4% vs 1.0 +/- 0.3%, p less than .005), lung weight/body weight ratios (1.1 +/- 0.5% vs 0.8 +/- 0.3%, p less than .05), and liver weight/body weight ratios (6.0 +/- 0.8% vs 5.4 +/- 0.6%, p less than .005) than control mice, suggesting more severe myocardial failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tobacco industry lobbyists adopt new aggressive tactics
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Forest, the pro-smoking group supported by the tobacco industry, is launching a new consumer rights campaign called Action on Consumer Choice (ACC) to encourage the alcohol and fast food industry to work with it to champion the rights of their consumers.

Forest’s director, Simon Clark, argued that drinkers of alcohol and fans of fast food would be the next targets of health campaigners if smokers’ freedoms were not respected and that some of the same tactics used against the tobacco industry were already being used against food and drink products that were deemed unhealthy.

Action on Consumer Choice, which has the slogan “Eat. Drink. Smoke. Vape. It’s your choice!” is being launched officially on 4 November 2014 at an event in London to celebrate …
Drugs for Severe Chronic Pain
Authors: B. ROBERT MEYER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1984Drugs for Severe Chronic PainB. ROBERT MEYER, M.D.B. ROBERT MEYER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-6-921_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The treatment of pain is one of the most troublesome and least understood aspects of the care of terminally ill patients. I was therefore pleased to see the American College of Physicians adopt a position on this issue (1). However, I have several comments on their recommendations.There is an increasing body of evidence that meperidine should not be given to patients for the treatment of chronic pain, particularly patients with cancer. Excitatory phenomena in the central nervous system including hyperreflexia, tremors, multifocal myoclonus, and grand mal seizures have been shown to occur in these patients and...References1. . Drug therapy for severe, chronic pain in terminal illness. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:870-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SZETOINTURRISIHOUDE HCR. Accumulation of normeperidine, an active metabolite of meperidine, in patients with renal failure or cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1977;86:738-40. LinkGoogle Scholar3. KAIKOFOLEYGRAVINSKY RKP. Central nervous system excitatory effects of meperidine in cancer patients. Ann Neurol. 1983; 13:180-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. STAMBAUGHWAINER JI. Drug interaction: meperidine and chlorpromazine, a toxic combination. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21:140-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HALPERN L. Psychotropics, ataractics, and related drugs. In: BONICA JJ, VENTAFRIDDA V, eds. Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. Vol. II. New York: Raven Press; 1979. Google Scholar6. MORICHIPEPEU RG. A study of the influence of hydroxysine and diazepam on morphine antinociception in the rat. Pain. 1979;7:173-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. SINGHSHAMAGUPTA PPS. Clinical evaluation of diazepam for relief of post-operative pain. Br J Anaesth. 1981;53:831-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1984Volume 100, Issue 6Page: 921-922KeywordsCancer treatmentCentral nervous systemDrugsEpileptic seizuresMyoclonusPatients Issue Published: 1 June 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
India's health minister commits government to improving healthcare access
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s new health minister, Harsh Vardhan, has announced that the government’s top priority will be to provide health insurance coverage for everyone through a national policy. Vardhan took up the post of health minister on 27 May.

Vardhan said, “The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana [RSBY; the national health insurance scheme] of the ministry of labour is working fine in some states but its reach is limited to BPL [below poverty line] families. I plan to rope in all economic groups and make the health ministry a sort of regulatory body …
15(<i>S</i>)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Induces Angiogenesis via Activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6K1 Signaling
Authors: Baolin Zhang, Huiqing Cao, Gadiparthi N. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract To determine whether the lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, 5(S)-, 12(S)-, and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids [5(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE, and 15(S)-HETE, respectively] are angiogenic, we have studied their effects on human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HDMVEC) tube formation and migration. All three HETEs stimulated HDMVEC tube formation and migration. Because 15(S)-HETE was found to be more potent than 5(S)-HETE and 12(S)-HETE in HDMVEC tube formation, we next focused on elucidation of the signaling mechanisms underlying its angiogenic activity. 15(S)-HETE stimulated Akt and S6K1 phosphorylation in HDMVEC in a time-dependent manner. Wortmannin and LY294002, two specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), blocked both Akt and S6K1 phosphorylation, whereas rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of Akt downstream effector, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), suppressed only S6K1 phosphorylation induced by 15(S)-HETE suggesting that this eicosanoid activates the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6K1 signaling in HDMVEC. Wortmannin, LY294002, and rapamycin also inhibited 15(S)-HETE-induced HDMVEC tube formation and migration. In addition, all three HETEs stimulated angiogenesis as measured by in vivo Matrigel plug assay with 15(S)-HETE being more potent. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6K1 signaling completely suppressed 15(S)-HETE-induced in vivo angiogenesis. Consistent with these observations, adenoviral-mediated expression of dominant-negative Akt also blocked 15(S)-HETE–induced HDMVEC tube formation and migration and in vivo angiogenesis. Together, these results show for the first time that 15(S)-HETE stimulates angiogenesis via activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6K1 signaling.
Immunosuppressant FK506 induces interleukin-6 production through the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappa(B). Implications for FK506 nephropathy.
Authors: K Muraoka, K Fujimoto, X Sun, K Yoshioka, K Shimizu, M Yagi, H Bose, I Miyazaki, K Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

FK506 is a powerful immunosuppressive drug currently in use that inhibits the activation of several transcription factors (nuclear factor (NF)-AT and NF-kappaB) critical for T cell activation. We show here that, contrary to the situation in T cells, FK506 activates transcription factor NF-kappaB in nonlymphoid cells such as fibroblasts and renal mesangial cells. We further show that FK506 induces NF-kappaB-regulated IL-6 production in vitro and in vivo, in particular in kidney. IL-6 has been shown previously to produce renal abnormalities in vivo, such as mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Similar renal abnormalities were also observed in FK506-treated animals. These results thus suggest a causal relationship between FK506-induced NF-kappaB activation/IL-6 production and some of FK506-induced renal abnormalities.
High rates of community-acquired, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)- positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in adult outpatients in Greece
Authors: S Vourli, H Vagiakou, G Ganteris, M Orfanidou, M Polemis, A Vatopoulos, H Malamou-Ladas
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 88 (30. 8%) of 286 adult patients suffering from various skin and soft-tissue infections examined in the outpatient department of a 650 bed tertiary-care hospital of Athens, Greece between January 2006 and December 2007. Twenty-seven (30.7%) of the S. aureus infections were caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). All MRSA isolates were also resistant to tetracycline, fucidic acid and kanamycin, but were sensitive to gentamicin and tobramycin, as well as to to cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, quinolones, clindamycin and erythromycin. All isolates belonged to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements (SCCmec) type IV, and were found to carry the lukF-PV and lukS genes coding for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and spa-typing revealed high genetic similarity among all MRSA isolates and with the PFGE pattern of the well-described ST80 clone that seems to be spreading through Europe. The high prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus infections in the community signify that empiric therapy in Greece, when clinically indicated, should exclude β-lactam antibiotics. Moreover, the establishment of an active screening for PVL-positive community-acquired (CA)-MRSA carriage and the adoption of a search and destroy strategy for CA-MRSA in all patients admitted with purulent skin and soft-tissue is of high priority in Greece as well as in all European countries which face high rates of CA-MRSA infection.
Sarcoidosis presenting with Polyarthritis
Authors: M. J. Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1961)

<i>Staphylococcus schleiferi</i> is a Gram-positive coccus bacterium first discovered in 1988 that is typically associated with skin and ear infections in dogs, cats and birds. It is infrequently described as a human pathogen. There are, however, emerging reports of <i>S. schleiferi</i> infections in diverse clinical scenarios in humans, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems. <i>S. schleiferi</i> may be underrecognised due to limitations in routine microbiology diagnostic protocols and mislabelling as other <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. We present a rare case of <i>S. schleiferi</i> diabetic foot osteomyelitis with subsequent bacteraemia in an immunocompromised host.
Panic disorder may respond to new 'antidepressants'
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
We Have Strict Statutes and Most Biting Laws
Authors: Rebecca Arden Harris
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
IMAGING 1???4 HOURS FOLLOWING INJECTION OF INDIUM OXINE LABELED LEUKOCYTES IS NOT SENSITIVE FOR DETECTING OCCULT INFECTION
Authors: F. Datz, J. Jacobs, N. Alazraki, W. Baker, W. Landrum, A. Taylor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Datz, F.; Jacobs, J.; Alazraki, N.; Baker, W.; Landrum, W.; Taylor, A. Author Information
Regulation of B Lymphocyte Development by the Truncated Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Protein Dμ
Authors: Ulla-Carin Tornberg, Ingela Bergqvist, Matthias Haury, Dan Holmberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The development of B lymphocytes from progenitor cells is dependent on the expression of a pre-B cell-specific receptor made up by a mu heavy chain associated with the surrogate light chains, immunoglobulin (Ig)alpha, and Igbeta. A variant pre-B cell receptor can be formed in which the mu heavy chain is exchanged for a truncated mu chain denoted Dmu. To investigate the role of this receptor in the development of B cells, we have generated transgenic mice that express the Dmu protein in cells of the B lineage. Analysis of these mice reveal that Dmu expression leads to a partial block in B cell development at the early pre-B cell stage, probably by inhibiting VH to DHJH rearrangement. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Dmu induces VL to JL rearrangements.