tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in congenital heart disease in Dallas County births. 1971-1984.
Authors: D E Fixler, P Pastor, M Chamberlin, E Sigman, C W Eifler
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To examine the changes in birth cohort prevalence rates and severity of congenital heart disease, we studied children with congenital heart disease born to blacks, whites, and Mexican-Americans in Dallas County from 1971 through 1984. Diagnoses were made by pediatric cardiologists' clinical evaluations, echocardiography, catheterization, surgery, or autopsy. During this study period, 2,509 of 379,561 liveborn infants were diagnosed, a prevalence rate of 6.6/1000. The rates for whites was significantly higher than for blacks or Mexican-Americans--7.2/1,000, 5.6/1,000, and 5.9/1,000, respectively. The rate for severe cases requiring cardiac catheterization or surgery or undergoing autopsy was 3.1/1,000 and did not differ among the three groups. The time trend for rates of congenital heart disease suggested an apparent increase in prevalence rate during the 1970s; however, the prevalence rate of severe forms remained relatively stable. This indicates that the apparent rise in prevalence could be accounted for by an increase in detection of mild cases. These findings were interpreted as reflecting a greater tendency for pediatricians to refer asymptomatic children with significant heart murmurs to a pediatric cardiologist.
SIMPLE CRADLE ATTACHMENT FOR PLASTER CAST OF FOOT
Authors: Philip Lewin
Journal: JAMA (1934)

A simple cradle is useful to protect the toes in cases in which a foot or leg cast is indicated. It is simply the application of a wire or plaster rope wicket to protect the toes. I am indebted to Dr. Arthur P. Picard for the suggestion. When the cast is complete and just before the stockinet is turned down to make a French cuff, a slit is made on each side of the stockinet. It is turned back, spanning each side of the wicket, and two or three turns of plaster are applied to secure the wicket in position. Plaster rope may be used to secure the contact edges. The wicket can be made of No. 12 gage galvanized wire, shaped by hand, or of plaster rope fashioned by passing a strip of bandage through the partly closed hand. The distance between the ends of the toes and the
THE EVALUATION OF A NOVEL CORTICOSTEKOID FORMULATION, FLUOCINONIDE IN "FAPG" BASE, IN THE BLANCHING TEST
Authors: M. F. COLDMAN, L. LOCKERBIE, E. A. LAWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Summary.— "Metosyn",* a new eorticosteroid in a novel topieal formulation, has been examined in the blanehing test and has been found to be a highly effective preparation, surpassing even the high responses of betamethasone valerate cream and ointment.
Points from Letters: Smoking at the B.M.A
Authors: D. E. Dunnill
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRTSw=Hcomings of others-presumably they hope their own virtues will show up better by contrast; but, really, 800 purple hearts a day are too much for any of us to swallow, literally or figuratively.No details have been given, so far as I know, of how many were in the family or how long the tablets were supposed to last, or whether the circum- stances justified the prescribing of purple hearts in any quantity.This statement has been so damaging to the profession in lay eyes and so surprising and shocking to the vast majority of doctors in general practice who never prescribe more than two Drinamyl a day-and these with some diffidence-that the Ministry should justify the statement of the official by supply- ing details to the profession by way of Prescribers' Notes or in the B.M.7.
Persistent Campylobacter jejuni Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: RICHARD J. JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Recurrent bacteremia and enteritis due to a specific serotype of Campylobacter jejuni occurred over a 12-month period in a patient on hemodialysis with systemic lupus erythematosus who was also deficient in serum IgA and IgM. A bactericidal defect in the patient's sera for C. jejuni was shown. A role for immunoglobulins in the host response to C. jejuni is suggested, in that the IgA deficiency may have predisposed the patient to chronic gastrointestinal carriage and because the resolution of the bacteremia corresponded with the delayed appearance in the blood of IgG specific for the infecting strain.
Primary Gastric Amebiasis Superimposed on Reticulum-Cell Sarcoma
Authors: Hemprova G. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THAT<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>is occasionally found invading tissues other than colon is well documented. Among the organs rarely involved by amebic lesions are, for example, brain,<sup>1</sup>skin,<sup>2</sup>lymph nodes,<sup>3</sup>bone,<sup>4</sup>urinary tract,<sup>5</sup>vagina,<sup>6</sup>and testis and epididymis.<sup>7</sup>The more frequent sites, outside the colon, are the liver and lungs. These remote lesions have generally been encountered concomittantly with a proved infection either in the colon or the liver or both. Regarding the amebic involvement of the stomach, there are cases in the literature<sup>8,9</sup>in which amebic abscesses of the liver had extended and ruptured into the stomach. We have been unable to find a single case of primary amebiasis of the stomach before the subject of this communication. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A markedly undernourished, extremely weak, 66-year-old white man was admitted for the first time to McKinney Veterans Administration Hospital on
NF1 gene loss of heterozygosity and expression analysis in sporadic colon cancer
Authors: T Cacev
Journal: Gut (2005)

Colon cancer tumorigenesis is a multistep process of mutation accumulation in a number of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. NF1 gene protein, neurofibromin, acts as a tumour suppressor by turning the active form of Ras into an inactive form. This molecular switch has an important role in the control of the cell cycle and differentiation, and changes in Ras activity are present in many different cancers. This is the first study to investigate the role of NF1 in sporadic colon cancer.
PTU-027 Prophylaxis of Post ERCP Pancreatitis in the UK. have the Esge Created Consensus?: Abstract PTU-027 Table
Authors: A Sinha, B Hudson, J M Farrant, J Linehan, B Colleypriest
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Post ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) occurs in 3.5% of unselected cases 10% of which are severe. PEP is significantly higher in certain patient groups, for example patients with Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction or with a pre-cut sphincterotomy. The 2010 European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines on PEP prophylaxis recommend routine use of rectal NSAIDs and the insertion of pancreatic stents (PS) in high risk patients<sup>1</sup>. This study surveys UK practise of PEP prophylaxis in view of ESGE guidelines. <h3>Methods</h3> 220 ERCPists were invited to complete an online survey concerning their awareness of ESGE guidelines, patient selection for PEP, and use of rectal NSAIDs and insertion of PS. 67 responses from 53 UK hospitals were received (response rate = 30.4%). <h3>Results</h3> 79% of respondents were aware of ESGE guidelines, of which 47% had subsequently changed their practise. Only 9% of respondents used PEP for all patients as recommended by the ESGE. The majority (66%) used PEP in selected patients, whilst 25% never used PEP. Choice of PEP is demonstrated in the below table. Concerns relating to ESGE guidelines were expressed in a free text comments sections <h3>Conclusion</h3> If this study is representative of wider practise it would suggest there is widespread variation in the administration of PEP in the UK. Only a minority of respondents were adherent to ESGE guidelines, although the majority had considered them. A significant number of departments were in the process of developing separate local guidelines. Stenting otherwise uncannulated pancreatic ducts and NSAID nephrotoxicity were commonly raised reasons for not adopting ESGE guidelines. Given there are currently no UK guidelines for PEP, this may be an opportunistic time for collaboration. A coordinated strategy of national guidelines or research may contribute to creating a consensus in practise across the UK and ultimately reduce the incidence of PEP. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>Reference</h3> European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline: Prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Dumonceau, J.M., Andriulli, A., Deviere, J., Mariani, A., Rigaux, J., Baron, T.H. &amp; Testoni, P.A. Endoscopy 2010; 42: 503–515.
871 FRAGMENT BASED DISCOVERY AND GENOTYPIC PROFILING OF A SERIES OF DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRAL AGENTS WITH A NOVEL MODE OF ACTION
Authors: S. Saalau-Bethell, A. Woodhead, B. Graham, C. Richardson, C. Murray, F. Holding, G. Chessari, H. Jhotti, H. Willems, J. Coyle, M. Verdonk, M. Vinkovic, N. Thompson, P. Williams, S. Rich, S. Hiscock
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
COLLES'S FRACTURE
Authors: H. Platt
Journal: BMJ (1932)

MEICALBJIOIUSALthe accepted principle of indirect rule involves the education of the chiefs and people to develop their own service -political, educational, and health-under the advice and guidance only of the European staff, and direct action taken by an energetic European sanitary staff in a native city may entirely destroy the delicate growth of a system of responsibility thrown upon chiefs, sub-chiefs, ward heads, and family heads, quite apart from the inherent difficulties of house inspection among a Mohammedan population.It must also be realized that a campaign against yellow fever alone will receive small support from a native population which is not impressed with the seriousness of the disease, and that the medical authorities in West Africa must face such serious diseases as smallpox, yaws, sleeping sickness, relapsing fever, leprosy, guinea-worm, and schistosomiasis, for the control of which organized campaigns undertaken by survey parties followed by treatment parties are necessary.Some 56,000 cases of yaws alone are being treated each year in Nigeria, anid between 5,000 and 10,000 cases of sleeping sickness.An enormous expansion of health work among the population is taking place in West Africa, and in Nigeria this is becoming more and more effective through the native administrations, which are now entirely supporting eight large hospitals and 140 dispensaries, and are producing well-educated candidates for training as sanitary inspectors, dispensers, and medical assistants.Native administrations are also becoming more and more anxious to install pipe-borne water supplies into their cities.It will be generally agreed that the right way to attack yellow fever is to improve general sanitation and to educate the local population.The programme which we are attempting in WVest Africa is upon the following lines:1. Institution of-pipe-borne water supplies.2. Education in hygiene by means of hygiene lectures in schools, health weeks, and newvspaper articles.3. Education and training of African sanitary and medical personnlel.4. Dissemination of trainied African staff throughouit the country by establishment of scattered dispensaries, which will finally develop into rural and urban health centres.In conclusion I must pay tribute to the work of the Yellow Fever Commission of the Rockefeller Foundation in West Africa.The value of the work which the members of that Commission have carried out is fully recognized from the papers they have published, but the appreciation of the West African Medical Service is also due for the charming contact which they have made with us, for their most ungrudging help and advice, and for the open manner in which they have placed at our disposal the results of their work.I am myself particularly indebted to the director of the Commission, Dr. Henry Beeuwkes, and to Drs.Mahaffey and Bauer, and I recall with immense pleasure a journey which I took with Dr.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF RENAL FAILURE BASED ON LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS
Authors: Junji Morita, Kazushige Kadota, Takenori Kanazawa, Tahei Ichinohe, Shunsuke Kubo, Yusuke Hyodo, Koshi Miyake, Suguru Otsuru, Daiji Hasegawa, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Renal Sympathetic Denervation Suppresses De Novo Podocyte Injury and Albuminuria in Rats With Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Kazi Rafiq, Takahisa Noma, Yoshihide Fujisawa, Yasuhiro Ishihara, Yoshie Arai, A.H.M. Nurun Nabi, Fumiaki Suzuki, Yukiko Nagai, Daisuke Nakano, Hirofumi Hitomi, Kento Kitada, Maki Urushihara, Hiroyuki Kobori, Masakazu Kohno, Akira Nishiyama
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The presence of chronic kidney disease is a significant independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. However, the mechanisms and mediators underlying this interaction are poorly understood. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that chronic cardiac volume overload leads to de novo renal dysfunction by coactivating the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system in the kidney. We also examined the therapeutic potential of renal denervation and renin-angiotensin system inhibition to suppress renal injury in chronic heart failure.Sprague-Dawley rats underwent aortic regurgitation and were treated for 6 months with vehicle, olmesartan (an angiotensin II receptor blocker), or hydralazine. At 6 months, albuminuria and glomerular podocyte injury were significantly increased in aortic regurgitation rats. These changes were associated with increased urinary angiotensinogen excretion, kidney angiotensin II and norepinephrine (NE) levels, and enhanced angiotensinogen and angiotensin type 1a receptor gene expression and oxidative stress in renal cortical tissues. Aortic regurgitation rats with renal denervation had decreased albuminuria and glomerular podocyte injury, which were associated with reduced kidney NE, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II, and oxidative stress. Renal denervation combined with olmesartan prevented podocyte injury and albuminuria induced by aortic regurgitation.In this chronic cardiac volume-overload animal model, activation of the sympathetic nervous system augments kidney renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress, which act as crucial cardiorenal mediators. Renal denervation and olmesartan prevent the onset and progression of renal injury, providing new insight into the treatment of cardiorenal syndrome.
Tris Buffer (THAM)
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, William B. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

It has been the purpose of this discussion to review critically the physiologic considerations and clinical evidence regarding the use of Tris buffer in the treatment of acid-base disorders. It is concluded that there is little current evidence, theoretical, experimental, or clinical, to support the view that Tris has a significant therapeutic role. Some possible exceptions to this general conclusion are considered.
Diabetic Renal Disease in Blacks — Inevitable or Preventable?
Authors: Stephen G. Rostand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

During the past decade, the increased acceptance of diabetic and older patients to receive renal replacement therapy has caused diabetes mellitus to be recognized as one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Diabetes now accounts for approximately 25 percent of all patients with end-stage renal disease. In this issue of the Journal, Cowie et al.1 document this trend and also show an excess of end-stage renal disease among diabetic blacks that cannot be explained by age or by racial differences in the prevalence of diabetes. What, then, accounts for this excess rate of . . .
Promotion of Atrial Fibrillation by Heart Failure in Dogs
Authors: Danshi Li, Samir Fareh, Tack Ki Leung, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) due to atrial tachycardia have provided insights into the remodeling mechanisms by which “AF begets AF” but have not elucidated the substrate that initially supports AF before remodeling occurs. We studied the effects of congestive heart failure (CHF), an entity strongly associated with clinical AF, on atrial electrophysiology in the dog and compared the results with those in dogs subjected to rapid atrial pacing (RAP; 400 bpm) with a controlled ventricular rate (AV block plus ventricular pacemaker at 80 bpm). Methods and Results —CHF induced by 5 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing (220 to 240 bpm) increased the duration of AF induced by burst pacing (from 8±4 seconds in control dogs to 535±82 seconds; P &lt;0.01), similar to the effect of 1 week of RAP (713±300 seconds). In contrast to RAP, CHF did not alter atrial refractory period, refractoriness heterogeneity, or conduction velocity at a cycle length of 360 ms; however, CHF dogs had a substantial increase in the heterogeneity of conduction during atrial pacing (heterogeneity index in CHF dogs, 2.76±0.16 versus 1.46±0.10 for control and 1.51±0.06 for RAP dogs; P &lt;0.01) owing to discrete regions of slow conduction. Histological examination revealed extensive interstitial fibrosis (connective tissue occupying 12.8±1.9% of the cross-sectional area) in CHF dogs compared with control (0.8±0.3%) and RAP (0.9±0.2%) dogs. Conclusions —Experimental CHF strongly promotes the induction of sustained AF by causing interstitial fibrosis that interferes with local conduction. The substrates of AF in CHF are very different from those of atrial tachycardia–related AF, with important potential implications for understanding, treating, and preventing AF related to CHF.
Selenium concentration in the milk of breast-feeding mothers and its geographic distribution.
Authors: B A Zachara, A Pilecki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

A total of 905 human milk samples collected in all provinces of Poland, between 12 and 75 days of lactation, were analyzed for selenium concentration. The distribution of Se levels in milk between the provinces was narrow and varied from 8.81 to 11.58 ng/mL, with the mean value (+/- SD) of 10.24 +/- 2.82 ng/mL. The regions with lower levels of Se were in the central and eastern part of Poland; the areas with higher values were in the northern, western, and southern parts of Poland. No significant correlations were found between Se levels in milk and the age of lactating mothers or between Se levels and the postpartum period. The calculated daily Se intakes by breast-fed infants varied from 6.46 to 8.50 microg/day, with the mean value of 7.52 microg/day. This amount does not meet the recommended dietary allowances for infants between 0 and 6 months of age. Based on Se levels in human milk, we present a selenium map of Poland.
What is a superiority trial?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated the efficacy of agnus castus fruit ( Vitex agnus castus L extract Ze 440) in relieving symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome. A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, superiority trial was performed. The intervention was agnus castus (dry extract tablets), with one tablet daily for three consecutive cycles.1

Participants were 170 women with diagnosed premenstrual syndrome recruited from general medicine community clinics, with a mean age of 36 years, mean cycle length 28 days, and a mean duration of menses 4.5 days. In total 86 women were randomised to intervention and 84 to placebo. The primary outcome variable was the combined scores of self assessment of six symptoms: irritability, mood alteration, anger, headache, other menstrual symptoms (including bloating), and breast fullness. Participants used a visual analogue scale to rate each symptom. The scale, validated for the assessment of the premenstrual syndrome, was of length 10 cm, ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (unbearable). The primary outcome was recorded at baseline and at the end of the third menstrual cycle, and the change in total score was recorded for each woman.

The mean reduction in the primary outcome was significantly greater in the intervention group (mean reduction 128.5 mm) than in the placebo group (78.1 mm) (mean difference 50.5 mm (95% confidence interval 23.5 mm to 77.5 mm; P< 0.001)). The researchers concluded that dry extract of agnus castus …
Surgical Pediatrics: Nonoperative Care
Authors: John Raffensperger
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<i>Surgical Pediatrics</i>is a well-written, skillfully edited, tidy supplement to the usual textbooks of pediatric surgery. It deals with the supportive care required by any infant or child who undergoes an operation. The first two chapters, written by C. Everett Koop, skillfully explore the relationships between the surgeon, the seriously ill child, and the child's family. The remaining chapters describe the care of a sick or injured child from the time he is transferred to the hospital through the emergency and operating room and the postoperative period. The chapter on the environment for pediatric surgery should be read by anyone who contemplates the development of pediatric surgery in a community hospital. The chapters on respiratory care, vascular access, and intravenous nutrition have been written by experts in these fields. Fluid management is described in a readable, simplified manner, which takes much of the mystery out of this important aspect of
TCT-265 Combination of Large Plaque Burden and Low Wall Shear Stress Results in Greater Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis than Low Wall Shear Stress Alone in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Michel Corban, Parham Eshtehardi, Michael McDaniel, Jin Suo, Saurabh Dhawan, Charles Maynard, Lucas Timmins, Emad Rasoul-Arzrumly, Arshed Quyyumi, Don Giddens, Habib Samady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Radionuclide Assessment of Peritoneo-venous Shunt Patency
Authors: AMOLAK SINGH, JOHN G. Mc AFEE, F DEAVER THOMAS, ZACHARY D. GROSSMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

LeVeen shunt patency can be easily assessed by sequential scintigraphy with a gamma camera after an intraperitoneal injection of Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m-MAA). If the shunt is patent, the particles of MAA reach the pulmonary capillary bed and the lungs are visualized. The activity in the lungs is easily discerned without any interference from radioactivity in the peritoneal cavity. The study is semiquantitative since the intensity of lung activity is directly proportional to the shunt patency and flow rate across shunt tubing.
Access to clean water in rural Africa is inadequate
Authors: Rhona MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Three hundred million people in sub-Saharan Africa currently do not have access to clean water, said experts at a conference in London last week. Furthermore, Africa will not meet the UN millennium development goal of reducing by half the number of people without access to clean water until 2050.

The conference, organised by the International Association of Hydrogeologists, brought together more than 100 experts on water from Europe and Africa, donors such as the World Bank, and non-government organisations, including Unicef and WaterAid, to discuss the link between access to clean water and poverty in Africa.

Participants agreed that reliable access to clean water …