tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS IN AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT CHEST PAIN UNIT WITH MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: William Lane Duvall, Avi Levine, Usman Baber, Lori B. Croft, Sheila Sahni, Sanjum Sethi, Luke Hermann, Milena J. Henzlova
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effect of Maternal Multiple Micronutrient vs Iron–Folic Acid Supplementation on Infant Mortality and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Keith P. West, Abu Ahmed Shamim, Sucheta Mehra, Alain B. Labrique, Hasmot Ali, Saijuddin Shaikh, Rolf D. W. Klemm, Lee S-F. Wu, Maithilee Mitra, Rezwanul Haque, Abu A. M. Hanif, Allan B. Massie, Rebecca Day Merrill, Kerry J. Schulze, Parul Christian
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Maternal micronutrient deficiencies may adversely affect fetal and infant health, yet there is insufficient evidence of effects on these outcomes to guide antenatal micronutrient supplementation in South Asia.To assess effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient vs iron-folic acid supplementation on 6-month infant mortality and adverse birth outcomes.Cluster randomized, double-masked trial in Bangladesh, with pregnancy surveillance starting December 4, 2007, and recruitment on January 11, 2008. Six-month infant follow-up ended August 30, 2012. Surveillance included 127,282 women; 44,567 became pregnant and were included in the analysis and delivered 28,516 live-born infants. Median gestation at enrollment was 9 weeks (interquartile range, 7-12).Women were provided supplements containing 15 micronutrients or iron-folic acid alone, taken daily from early pregnancy to 12 weeks postpartum.The primary outcome was all-cause infant mortality through 6 months (180 days). Prespecified secondary outcomes in this analysis included stillbirth, preterm birth (<37 weeks), and low birth weight (<2500 g). To maintain overall significance of α = .05, a Bonferroni-corrected α = .01 was calculated to evaluate statistical significance of primary and 4 secondary risk outcomes (.05/5).Among the 22,405 pregnancies in the multiple micronutrient group and the 22,162 pregnancies in the iron-folic acid group, there were 14,374 and 14,142 live-born infants, respectively, included in the analysis. At 6 months, multiple micronutrients did not significantly reduce infant mortality; there were 764 deaths (54.0 per 1000 live births) in the iron-folic acid group and 741 deaths (51.6 per 1000 live births) in the multiple micronutrient group (relative risk [RR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86-1.06). Multiple micronutrient supplementation resulted in a non-statistically significant reduction in stillbirths (43.1 vs 48.2 per 1000 births; RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99; P = .02) and significant reductions in preterm births (18.6 vs 21.8 per 100 live births; RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.91; P < .001) and low birth weight (40.2 vs 45.7 per 100 live births; RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91; P < .001).In Bangladesh, antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron-folic acid supplementation did not reduce all-cause infant mortality to age 6 months but resulted in a non-statistically significant reduction in stillbirths and significant reductions in preterm births and low birth weight.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00860470.
Abstract LB-66: NVP-BEZ235 and bevacizumab as therapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Inger Anne Netland, Hilde Førde, Linda Sleire, Bente S. Skeie, Per Øyvind Enger, Dorota Goplen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour. Its dismal prognosis despite multimodal treatment comprising surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, calls for new therapeutic strategies. GBM is a highly vascularized cancer, with elevated expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis. Bevacizumab is a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody in clinical use as an angiogenesis inhibitor. Although bevacizumab is approved for treatment of GBM, several studies now show that it does not prolong survival. In addition, it has been shown that bevacizumab treatment leads to increased invasion and upregulation of gene transcripts involved in phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) - pathways. NVP-BEZ235 is a dual PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor. Combining NVP-BEZ235 with bevacizumab may therefore target both the angiogenic and invasive phenotype of GBMs.In vitro, the U-87 glioma cell line showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation to doses of NVP-BEZ235 from 0 to 250nM, as shown by direct cell count, BrdU incorporation and MTS assay. Furthermore, this was accompanied by a dose-dependent reduction of phosphorylated Akt at Serine 473, while the total levels of Akt remained unchanged. An IC50 of 11nM NVP-BEZ235 for the tumour material implanted, was determined in vitro by MTS assay. In order to validate combination treatment of BEZ235 and Avastin in vivo, we utilized a clinically relevant patient-based GBM xenograft model in NOD/SCID mice that mimics both the invasive and angiogenic growth pattern of human GBMs. In total 40 mice were allocated to four groups that received combination treatment with Avastin/BEZ235, monotreatment with Avastin or BEZ235 and untreated controls. Tumor engraftment and growth was confirmed and monitored longitudinally with MRI. The study is ongoing, survival data including histopathological analysis will be presented. Citation Format: Inger Anne Netland, Hilde Førde, Linda Sleire, Bente S. Skeie, Per Øyvind Enger, Dorota Goplen. NVP-BEZ235 and bevacizumab as therapy for glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-66. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-66
Pulmonic Stenosis, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Right Ventricular Pressure above Systemic Level
Authors: J. I. E. HOFFMAN, ABRAHAM M. RUDOLPH, ALEXANDER S. NADAS, ROBERT E. GROSS
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Ten patients with pulmonic stenosis are reported who, despite having right ventricular systolic pressures much above systemic levels, had ventricular septal defects proved at operation in 9 and suggested by indicator-dilution curves in the other. Because of the high right ventricular systolic pressures these patients had clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of marked right ventricular hypertrophy and were initially thought to have severe pulmonic stenosis with an intact ventricular septum. One patient had an almost single ventricle with pulmonic and aortic stenosis. In all the others the right ventricular systolic pressure failed to equilibrate with pressures in the systemic circulation. In 2 patients this was probably due to obstruction of the ventricular septal defect by the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. In the others the suggestion that the ventricular septal defect was closed off during systole by muscular contraction was confirmed in 1 patient at operation. This syndrome has been reported in other series and may occur in as many as 5 to 10 per cent of patients diagnosed as having severe pulmonic stenosis. It is important to know before operation whether or not there is a ventricular septal defect associated with the pulmonic stenosis, for this influences the decision about doing a right ventriculotomy. The preoperative diagnosis of this variant of tetralogy of Fallot may be made by phonocardiography and cardiac catheterization.
Preventing Perinatal HIV Transmission-Reply
Authors: R. J. Simonds
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —We share the interests of Drs Goldstein and Sever in promoting prenatal HIV testing. Indeed, the concern that many HIV-infected women and their children were not receiving needed care because their HIV infections remained undiagnosed was a primary impetus toward developing the US Public Health Service guidelines for the universal offering of prenatal HIV counseling and voluntary testing. 1 Our main disagreement with Goldstein and Sever is in the best way to accomplish this goal.  An often unspoken tenet of arguments and policies favoring mandatory prenatal HIV testing is that many women will not be tested if testing is voluntary. However, several studies have demonstrated that voluntary HIV testing programs can achieve high rates of testing and of initiating care. 2,3 To our knowledge, no data are available to assess whether mandatory testing can be an effective strategy for ensuring that HIV-infected women and their children receive appropriate care.  Prenatal
CLIMATE AND OUTDOOR LIFE IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: PAUL PAQUIN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Health is maintained by a vitalizing triad: air, light and food, which constitute the necessary elements of nutrition. So life depends on the earth and its atmosphere, and human nature, therefore, is inseparably linked with, and under the influence of, the numerous atmospheric conditions that surround us. Air, as we believe, is a mixture of about 21 parts of oxygen and 79 of nitrogen, more or less saturated with water vapors. The nature and amount of these vapors depend on various circumstances, such as proximity to the sea, bodies of fresh water, the existence of winds, altitude, etc. Air contains a certain quantity of ozone, "a sort of electricized or condensed oxygez," fatal to miasmatic and decomposition developments. Ozone is scarce in the air of cities, but renewed at intervals everywhere, in a measure, by electric phenomena, as all of us have noted in the peculiar freshness—almost pungency—of the air
801. RNA Gene Therapy Targeting Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Jia Liu, Sonal S. Tuli, David C. Bloom, Gregory S. Schultz, Steve C. Ghivizzani, Alfred S. Lewin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Purpose: Herpes Simplex Keratitis (HSK) is the leading cause of corneal blindness in developed nations. Despite active antiviral drugs (nucleoside analogues), there is no effective method preventing recurrent HSK. We tested the ability of ribozymes targeting the mRNAs of essential HSV genes to inhibit viral infection in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Hammerhead ribozymes were designed against mRNAs of four essential HSV genes and those with the best cleavage kinetics were packaged in an adenoviral vector containing a CMV promoter and an IRES-GFP element. HSV-1 viral yields (infection at low MOI) following Ad-ribozyme treatment were compared to control cells transduced with adenovirus vector without ribozyme. After ribozyme treatment and HSV-1 infection (high MOI) total RNAs were extracted and a reverse transcription reaction followed by Real-time PCR to quantify target as well as GAPDH level was conducted. The UL20 ribozyme was tested in vivo using a protected ribozyme containing 2' modifications of the ribose sugars of selected nucleotides. This modified ribozyme was delivered to the right eyes of rabbits by iontophoresis; and an inactive ribozyme served as a control in left eyes, followed by inoculation of HSV-1 replicating virus expressing β-galactosidase. Three days post- infection, rabbits were sacrificed and corneas were harvested for X-gal staining to visualize the viral infection. Results: The UL20 ribozyme delivered by adenoviral vector reduced HSV-1 viral yield by 83% in the cell culture when cells were infected with HSV-1 for 24 hours in the presence of the ribozyme. In a time course study, the UL20 ribozyme reduced viral replication by 98% after 6 days of HSV-1 infection, indicating a cumulative effect of ribozyme cleavage. The real-time PCR results indicated that UL20 ribozyme reduced target mRNA level by 64%. The chemically stabilized UL20 ribozyme reduced HSV-1 reduced dendrite lesion area by 57% compared with the rabbit eyes treated with an inactive ribozyme. Another ribozyme targeting UL30 mRNA, whose gene product is viral DNA polymerase, was able to reduce viral replication by 98% at one day post HSV-1 infection and maintain the inhibition effect by 99% at third day post infection. Conclusions: A hammerhead ribozyme targeting the mRNA of UL20 gene (a late essential HSV-1 gene) significantly reduced the severity of an HSV-1 ocular infection in rabbits as well as significantly knocking down viral yield in cell culture. And a ribozyme targeting UL30 mRNA achieved the similar effect in the cell culture. These results suggest a RNA gene therapy strategy targeting HSV-1 early/late genes that should lack the toxicity and reduce the risk of generating drug resistant virus. Further studies evaluating the long term efficacy of different viral vectors to deliver therapeutic ribozymes during acute or recurrent HSV-1 infection are currently underway.
Urinary Leukocyte Esterase Screening Test for Asymptomatic Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections in Males
Authors: Mary-Ann Shafer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We evaluated the ability of the urinary leukocyte esterase test to predict culture-verified chlamydial and gonococcal urethritis among asymptomatic adolescent males. Nine hundred forty-eight sexually active males provided first-catch urine samples for esterase screening, and 76 (8%) tested positive (greater than or equal to 1+). Among 435 boys who agreed to undergo urethral culture, the esterase was positive in 66 (15%), Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 39 (9%), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 14 (3%). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the esterase test were 72%, 93%, and 58% and 96%, respectively. Using the esterase test to screen asymptomatic males for urethritis, we identified 38 culture-verified infections that otherwise would have remained undetected. The urinary leukocyte esterase test is a noninvasive and cost-effective screening method to detect urethritis among asymptomatic adolescent males.
A Text-Book of the Practice of Medicine.
Authors: Frederick William Price
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Life expectancy soars in Africa with introduction of antiretroviral drugs
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for HIV have had a profound effect in Africa on patient treatment and society, two new studies show.

Adult life expectancy had fallen to 49.2 years in 2003 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, based on a rural population cohort of more than 101 000 people who were hard hit by the disease and studied by experts from the Africa Center for Health and Population Studies.

Widespread use of ARV was introduced in September 2004, and life expectancy began to rebound almost immediately. According to the researchers’ study published in Science , life expectancy reached 60.5 years by 2011.1

Lead author Jacob Bor wrote, “The cost effectiveness ratio [of the …
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: Kevin R. Flaherty, Adin-Cristian Andrei, Talmadge E. King, Ganesh Raghu, Thomas V. Colby, Athol Wells, Nadir Bassily, Kevin Brown, Roland du Bois, Andrew Flint, Steven E. Gay, Barry H. Gross, Ella A. Kazerooni, Robert Knapp, Edmund Louvar, David Lynch, Andrew G. Nicholson, John Quick, Victor J. Thannickal, William D. Travis, James Vyskocil, Frazer A. Wadenstorer, Jeffrey Wilt, Galen B. Toews, Susan Murray, Fernando J. Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Treatment and prognoses of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) varies by diagnosis. Obtaining a uniform diagnosis among observers is difficult.Evaluate diagnostic agreement between academic and community-based physicians for patients with DPLDs, and determine if an interactive approach between clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists improved diagnostic agreement in community and academic centers.Retrospective review of 39 patients with DPLD. A total of 19 participants reviewed cases at 2 community locations and 1 academic location. Information from the history, physical examination, pulmonary function testing, high-resolution computed tomography, and surgical lung biopsy was collected. Data were presented in the same sequential fashion to three groups of physicians on separate days.Each observer's diagnosis was coded into one of eight categories. A kappa statistic allowing for multiple raters was used to assess agreement in diagnosis. Interactions between clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists improved interobserver agreement at both community and academic sites; however, final agreement was better within academic centers (kappa = 0.55-0.71) than within community centers (kappa = 0.32-0.44). Clinically significant disagreement was present between academic and community-based physicians (kappa = 0.11-0.56). Community physicians were more likely to assign a final diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared with academic physicians.Significant disagreement exists in the diagnosis of DPLD between physicians based in communities compared with those in academic centers. Wherever possible, patients should be referred to centers with expertise in diffuse parenchymal lung disorders to help clarify the diagnosis and provide suggestions regarding treatment options.
584 Pentoxifylline (POF) inhibits TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear-cells (PBMC) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: D.G. Duman, F.T. Ozdemir, E. Demiralp, C. Celikel, O. Kalaycl, N. Tozun, C. Kalaycl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
French react strongly to postmenopausal births
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The French health minister, Philippe Douste-Blazy, said last week that fertility treatment should not be available for postmenopausal women. He said that such pregnancies were immoral and should be banned by law. “It is totally shocking that a child can be 18 when his mother is 80,” he said.

Simone Veil, minister of social affairs, said that “very rigorous rules” limiting fertility treatment …
Alexander Graham Bell, Doctor of Medicine
Authors: David A. E. Shephard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

ALTHOUGH it was the invention of the telephone in 1876 that made Alexander Graham Bell famous, Bell devoted relatively little of his life to the development of the telephone. After 1880, other interests absorbed him. These interests — among which education of the deaf, aviation, eugenics and sheep breeding were four lasting ones — are less well known than the telephone. Particularly unrecognized, even among physicians, is Bell's honorary doctorate of medicine (Heidelberg University, 1886) and Bell's influence on medical practice in the era 1878–1903. Consideration of these aspects of Bell's life adds a new dimension to the understanding of . . .
Human autoantibody-reactive epitopes of SS-B/La are highly conserved in comparison with epitopes recognized by murine monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: E K Chan, E M Tan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

SS-B/La, an ubiquitous nuclear protein of 46-48 kD, is a target antigen of autoantibodies in SLE and Sjogren's syndrome and is involved in the maturation of RNA polymerase III transcripts such as 5S RNA and tRNAs. We have previously shown (14, 15) that SS-B consists of two protease-resistant domains of 23 and 28 kD, with the latter containing the RNA binding site. The epitopes of SS-B/La reactive with human autoantibodies are conserved among several mammalian species examined. BALB/c mice immunized with affinity-purified calf thymus SS-B produce IgG anti-SS-B/La antibodies, which reacted with bovine, human, and rabbit SS-B but not with mouse SS-B/La. The spleen of a mouse with the highest antibody titer was selected for fusion with P3 myeloma. Five IgG1k mAbs (A1-5) were selected by ELISA and immunoblotting. All except A3 reacted with the 28-kD domain. A1, A2, and A3 were capable of immuno-precipitating the 48-kD SS-B protein and its associated RNAs. A1, A2, and A3 also gave fine nuclear speckled staining on human, monkey, bovine, and rabbit cells that was similar in appearance to that with human autoantibodies, but in contrast to staining with human autoantibodies, they did not stain cells from rat, mouse, or rat kangaroo. It appears that human autoantibodies target highly conserved epitopes that can be distinguished from epitopes recognized by immunization-induced murine mAbs. Taken together with other data, it appears that human autoantibodies may be recognizing epitopes that are active or catalytic sites of molecules subserving important cellular functions.
Oral Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition and Arterial Remodeling After Balloon Dilation
Authors: Marion J. Sierevogel, Gerard Pasterkamp, Evelyn Velema, Peter P. T. de Jaegere, Bart J. G. L. de Smet, Jan H. Verheijen, Dominique P. V. de Kleijn, Cornelius Borst
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity after balloon angioplasty by intraperitoneal injection of batimastat reduces late lumen loss by inhibition of constrictive remodeling. In the present study, we investigated whether the oral MMP inhibitor marimastat inhibits constrictive remodeling in favor of neutral or expansive remodeling.In 26 pigs, balloon dilation was performed in 101 peripheral arteries. Pigs were treated with marimastat or served as controls and were euthanized 42 days after intervention. Intravascular ultrasound was performed at all time points. Vessel area (VA) loss was assessed by calculating the change in VA at termination relative to after intervention. Arteries were divided in 3 categories: expansive remodeling (VA loss < -5%), neutral (-5% <or= VA loss <or= +5%), and constrictive remodeling (VA loss > +5%). In the marimastat group, a significant reduction (53%) of late lumen loss was observed that was fully explained by impaired constrictive remodeling. In the marimastat group, the prevalence of constrictive remodeling was reduced (38% versus 75% in the control group) in favor of not only neutral but also expansive remodeling (21% and 42% versus 4% and 21% in the control group, respectively, P:<0.01). In contrast to the control group, acute luminal gain in the marimastat group did not correlate with late VA loss.Irrespective of the acute luminal gain by balloon dilation, the oral MMP inhibitor marimastat inhibited constrictive arterial remodeling in favor of both neutral and expansive remodeling.
Typhoid–Bacillus Infection of a Surgical Wound: Treatment with a Urethane-Sulfanilamide Mixture
Authors: Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

ALTHOUGH the occurrence of localized areas of suppuration caused by the typhoid bacillus is on the whole infrequent, McCrae1 believes that during typhoid fever no part of the body in which abscesses may occur is exempt. Eberthella typhosa and pyogenic cocci, acting either alone or in combination, are the usual etiologic agents in this type of complication, which may occur without any apparent inciting cause, or as the result of injury to tissue by needle punctures, spontaneous hematomas or surgical procedures.In most cases of abscess appearing in the course of typhoid fever, the lesions appear in various tissues without . . .