tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IL-10 therapy in Crohn's disease: at the crossroads
Authors: Hans H Herfarth, J. Schölmerich
Journal: Gut (2002)

Treatment of Crohn's disease with the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) was initially discovered and isolated on the basis of its ability to suppress cytokine synthesis by Th1 helper cells. Macrophages and their secreted mediators are the primary target of IL-10. IL-10 downregulates expression of class II and B7 molecules, as well as IL-12 production, thus impairing the macrophage dependent stimulation of antigen reactive Th-1 cells.1

The important regulatory role of IL-10 in the gut became obvious when IL-10 deficient mice (IL-10−/−), generated by gene targeting, developed chronic enterocolitis.2 More interestingly, IL-10−/− mice kept under germfree conditions do not develop enterocolitis, which suggests that in the absence of the immunomodulatory effects of IL-10, an unrestricted intestinal inflammatory response develops towards normal enteric antigens. The observations in the IL-10−/− mice lay the foundation for administration of IL-10 in several animal models. The results of these studies clearly showed prevention of intestinal inflammation by IL-10, mainly by downregulation of an intestinal proinflammatory Th1 response. However, systemic IL-10 administration was successful only when administered prior to the initiation of colitis but was ineffective at reversing any established inflammation.3,4

Based …
Notes on Some German Universities
Authors: W. K. Sibley
Journal: BMJ (1890)

On the first floor is also the library of the institute. N O T E SOn the second floor is the bacteriological department, with two rooms which form the director's private laboratory.In the same ON section are the rooms of Dr. C. Frankel, the first assistant, together SOME GERMAN UNIVERSITIE S.,, with his laboratory, and also the large laboratory corresponding to By WALTER K
Gastrosplenic fistula secondary to lymphoma, manifesting as upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: D. Dellaportas, A. Vezakis, G. Fragulidis, M. Tasoulis, E. Karamitopoulou, A. Polydorou
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Gastrosplenic fistula is a rare clinical condition that occurs mostly in association with splenic or gastric lymphomas [1]. We report a case of a gastrosplenic fistula that formed secondary to a diffuse large B-cell splenic lymphoma and presented as upper gastrointestinal bleeding with hematemesis.
Psychiatric disturbance and chronic haemodialysis.
Authors: W J Livesley
Journal: BMJ (1979)

tetracycline) may fail to reduce the duration of fever to less than five days.4That our patients felt well and had a normal temperature 48-72 hours after starting erythromycin suggests that the drug helped resolve the disease in all cases.Erythromycin is thought to be the most effective antibiotic for legionnaire's disease and mycoplasma pneumonia, both of which are easily confused with Q fever radiologically and clinically.If erythromycin is as effective in treating Q fever as it appears to have been in these cases, it would simplify the approach to non-bacterial pneumonias and provide another drug for treating chronic Q fever.
Lecithin organogel: A unique micellar system for the delivery of bioactive agents in the treatment of skin aging
Authors: Sushil Raut, Santosh Singh Bhadoriya, Vaibhav Uplanchiwar, Vijay Mishra, Avinash Gahane, Sunil Kumar Jain
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Skin aging is an unavoidable aspect of human life. Premature skin aging can result from poor care, environmental pollutants, and ultraviolet radiation exposure. Wrinkles, lines, spots, uneven skin tone, and pigmentation are often indicators of skin aging. One cannot avoid aging but cosmetics and pharmaceutical approaches can minimize and delay the damage. Topical applications of biocompatible and biodegradable vehicles have been explored for delivering anti-aging compounds. Lecithin organogel (LO) is an effective vehicle for topical delivery of many bioactive agents used in aging treatment. Lecithin is cell component isolated from soya beans or eggs and purified to show excellent gelation in non-polar solvents when combined with water. LO can form a heat-stable, resistant to microbial growth, visco-elastic, optically transparent, and non-birefringent micellar system. It serves as an organic medium to enhance dermal permeation of poorly permeable drugs by effectively partitioning into the skin. Its ability to dissolve in hydrophilic as well as in lipophilic drugs makes it a dynamic vehicle, which can be explored as a carrier for anti-aging agents.
MP29-02 Provides Rapid and More Complete Nasal Symptom Relief Than Two First-Line Therapies: A Retrospective Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Warner E. Carr, Julius Van Bavel, Phillip Lieberman, Frank Hampel, Eli O. Meltzer, Paul H. Ratner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
A CD8+ T cell transcription signature predicts prognosis in autoimmune disease
Authors: Eoin F McKinney, Paul A Lyons, Edward J Carr, Jane L Hollis, David R W Jayne, Lisa C Willcocks, Maria Koukoulaki, Alvis Brazma, Vojislav Jovanovic, D Michael Kemeny, Andrew J Pollard, Paul A MacAry, Afzal N Chaudhry, Kenneth G C Smith
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
THE SACHS-GEORGI PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS and a Comparison with the Wassermann Reaction in over 1,500 Cases
Authors: T. Taniguchi, N. Yoshinare
Journal: BMJ (1921)

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~This indicates that the guanidin is chiefiv in the form of dimethylguanidin, as it was in the case -of adult tetany pre- viously recorded (loc.cit.).In that case the excretion by the urine wVas 4.8 mg. per kilo a day, a;gainst 6.7 mg. in the present case.In the case of active idiopathic tetany in children
Statement by members of the Ponte di Legno group on the right of children with leukemia to have full access to essential treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: G. Tognoni, G. Masera, C.-H. Pui, T. Eden, J. Nachman, H. Gadner, P.S. Gaynon, W.E. Evans, M. Schrappe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Blood and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the US Military Health System, 2005-2010
Authors: Michael L. Landrum, Charlotte Neumann, Courtney Cook, Uzo Chukwuma, Michael W. Ellis, Duane R. Hospenthal, Clinton K. Murray
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Rates of hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are reported as decreasing, but recent rates of community-onset S aureus infections are less known.<h3>Objectives</h3>To characterize the overall and annual incidence rates of community-onset and hospital-onset S aureus bacteremia and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in a national health care system and to evaluate trends in the incidence rates of S aureus bacteremia and SSTIs and the proportion due to MRSA.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Observational study of all Department of Defense TRICARE beneficiaries from January 2005 through December 2010. Medical record databases were used to identify and classify all annual first-positive S aureus blood and wound or abscess cultures as methicillin-susceptible S aureus or MRSA, and as community-onset or hospital-onset infections (isolates collected &gt;3 days after hospital admission).<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Unadjusted incidence rates per 100 000 person-years of observation, the proportion of infections that was due to MRSA, and annual trends for 2005 through 2010 (examined using the Spearman rank correlation test or the Mantel-Haenszel χ<sup>2</sup> test for linear trend).<h3>Results</h3>During 56 million person-years (nonactive duty: 47 million person-years; active duty: 9 million person-years), there were 2643 blood and 80 281 wound or abscess annual first-positive S aureus cultures. Annual incidence rates varied from 3.6 to 6.0 per 100 000 person-years for S aureus bacteremia and 122.7 to 168.9 per 100 000 person-years for S aureus SSTIs. The annual incidence rates for community-onset MRSA bacteremia decreased from 1.7 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 1.5-2.0 per 100 000 person-years) in 2005 to 1.2 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 0.9-1.4 per 100 000 person-years) in 2010 (P = .005 for trend). The annual incidence rates for hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia also decreased from 0.7 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 0.6-0.9 per 100 000 person-years) in 2005 to 0.4 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 0.3-0.5 per 100 000 person-years) in 2010 (P = .005 for trend). Concurrently, the proportion of community-onset SSTI due to MRSA peaked at 62% in 2006 before decreasing annually to 52% in 2010 (P &lt; .001 for trend).<h3>Conclusion</h3>In the Department of Defense population consisting of men and women of all ages from across the United States, the rates of both community-onset and hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia decreased in parallel, while the proportion of community-onset SSTIs due to MRSA has more recently declined.
Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir for Untreated HCV Genotype 1 Infection
Authors: Nezam Afdhal, Stefan Zeuzem, Paul Kwo, Mario Chojkier, Norman Gitlin, Massimo Puoti, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Jean-Pierre Zarski, Kosh Agarwal, Peter Buggisch, Graham R. Foster, Norbert Bräu, Maria Buti, Ira M. Jacobson, G. Mani Subramanian, Xiao Ding, Hongmei Mo, Jenny C. Yang, Phillip S. Pang, William T. Symonds, John G. McHutchison, Andrew J. Muir, Alessandra Mangia, Patrick Marcellin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

In phase 2 studies, treatment with the all-oral combination of the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir and the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir resulted in high rates of sustained virologic response among previously untreated patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection.We conducted a phase 3, open-label study involving previously untreated patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in a fixed-dose combination tablet once daily for 12 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 12 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 24 weeks, or ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 24 weeks. The primary end point was a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy.Of the 865 patients who underwent randomization and were treated, 16% had cirrhosis, 12% were black, and 67% had HCV genotype 1a infection. The rates of sustained virologic response were 99% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96 to 100) in the group that received 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; 97% (95% CI, 94 to 99) in the group that received 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin; 98% (95% CI, 95 to 99) in the group that received 24 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; and 99% (95% CI, 97 to 100) in the group that received 24 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin. No patient in either 12-week group discontinued ledipasvir-sofosbuvir owing to an adverse event. The most common adverse events were fatigue, headache, insomnia, and nausea.Once-daily ledipasvir-sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks was highly effective in previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; ION-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01701401.).
Molecular Markers and Death From Prostate Cancer
Authors: John Concato
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Current methods to assess the prognosis of prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis are limited. Objective: To determine whether molecular markers of cell cycle regulation (bcl-2 and p53) and angiogenesis (β-3 integrin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and microvessel density) are associated with increased long-term risk for death among men with prostate cancer. Design: Observational cohort study from 1991 to 2006. Setting: The Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in New England. Patients: Among 64 545 veterans at least 50 years of age, 1313 patients who had incident prostate cancer from 1991 to 1995 were identified. Clinical data were available for 1270 men and complete for 1172 men. Measurements: Data were extracted from medical records, including patient age, race, and comorbid conditions, as well as tumor-related anatomical extent, histologic grade (Gleason score), prostate-specific antigen level, symptoms, and treatment. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue obtained at diagnosis, which used antibodies against the selected markers, were also conducted. Proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate the association of these factors with death from prostate cancer through 2006. Results: At diagnosis, the median age was 72 years, the median prostate-specific antigen level was 10.0 µg/L, and most tumors were moderately differentiated. During an 11- to 16-year follow-up, 71.8% (842 of 1172) of men died, with 21.5% (181 of 842) of deaths attributable to prostate cancer. Among 1007 men with results for all pertinent markers and after adjustment for age and clinical characteristics, bcl-2 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for positive vs. negative staining, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.01 to 2.57]; P = 0.045), p53 (adjusted HR for positive vs. negative staining, 1.48 [CI, 1.06 to 2.08]; P = 0.022), and microvessel density (adjusted HR for highest vs. lowest quartile, 3.20 [CI, 1.77 to 5.78]; P < 0.001) were associated with death from prostate cancer. Limitations: Results may be affected by residual confounding. Some patients were not included in complete case analyses because information was not available from clinical care records (7.5%) or tissue staining (12.6%). Conclusion: Immunohistochemical evidence of bcl-2, p53, or high microvessel density in prostate cancer biopsy specimens at diagnosis is associated with an increased long-term risk for death from prostate cancer. Primary Funding Source: Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration.
CLASSIFICATION AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE PERITONITIS.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

An intelligent and systematic discussion of the treatment of acute peritonitis must necessarily be based on a rational classification. A great deal that has been said and written on this subject, from the distant past until the present time, is worthless from a scientific as well as a practical standpoint, owing to a lack of a proper classification. The ordinary terms used to designate the different forms of peritonitis are differently interpreted and applied by pathologists as well as clinicians. Acute inflammation of the peritoneum is produced by so many different causes and assumes such varied clinical aspects, that it is extremely difficult to formulate a uniform and satisfactory classification. A discussion of the etiology, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of acute peritonitis, except upon the basis of a clear and comprehensive classification, is fruitless, misleading and usually results in the deduction of erroneous and often dangerous conclusions. The classification
Back Pain, Work and the Disability Discrimination Act
Authors: P. CROFT
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Back Pain, Work and the Disability Discrimination Act . Edited by Max Elstein. Copies (price £8) can be obtained from the Institute of Medicine Law and Bioethics, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT. ISBN 1-901877-01-9.

The philosopher, the lawyer, the employer, the ergonomist, the physician, the surgeon, the patient, and the sociologist. They are all here in this short collection of conference papers, providing a sensible thimblesize aperitif to a subject that in full book format would not attract too many rheumatologists. It is a worthwhile read, the very variety of the authors’ backgrounds providing its main attraction and underlining the complexity of back pain in the workplace.

The rationale for the conference, which took place in 1996, was the arrival of the Disability Discrimination Act on the statute books. Essentially this states that people with disabilities should receive treatment equal to those without disabilities when being considered for employment or re-employment, and that “reasonable adjustment” of the workplace should be expected to create an environment in which a disabled person can contribute on an equal basis to non-disabled employees. Sounds simple and reasonable? Well the authors in this text certainly believe it to be reasonable …
LUNG ABSCESS AS A COMPLICATION OF ELECTROSHOCK THERAPY
Authors: SIMON KWALWASSER, RUSSELL R. MONROE, JOHN F. NEANDER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

From a total of 2,562 cases treated by ECT during an 8-year period, 25 cases of lung abscess were discovered concurrently with or shortly after treatment. These records were reviewed in an effort to clarify the etiology. All other lung abscesses occurring during that same period were also reviewed for comparison. Of the 25 abscesses that occurred in connection with ECT, 5 deaths resulted and 10 cases retained residual pulmonary signs as compared with 3 deaths due to or associated with ECT from other causes and 20 other serious complications during this same period. The results were compared according to age, sex, length of hospitalization, diagnosis, behavior classification, technique of administering ECT, number of treatments, and time interval between last ECT and development of abscess as well as location of abscess.
Purpura and Amyloidosis in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: R. C. Gledhill, A. J. Shillitoe
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Use of Hexamethonium Bromide and DecamethoniumIodide with ElectroplexyThe following case history is considered to be of interest in that the patient suffered from a psychiatric illness accom- panied by severe hypertension, and that the former was successfully treated by means of electric convulsion therapy (E.C.T.) in conjunction with a muscle relaxant, decamethonium iodide (C 10), and a depressor substance, hexa- methonium bromide (C 6).
The role of the pathologist in the management of breast cancer
Authors: R. V. Hutter
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1991)

The pathologist is a consultant in breast cancer management whose responsibility is to establish the histologic diagnosis of cancer as well as its anatomic extent once sufficient tissue has been provided. The consultation also provides data that may be used to aid in selecting primary or adjuvant therapy, evaluating new therapies, estimating prognosis, and assessing outcome. Examples of such data are the TNM histopathologic classification of the anatomic extent of the cancer used for the stage grouping (T = the extent of the primary tumor, N = the absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis, and M = the absence or presence of distant metastasis); tumor size, histologic type, and histologic and/or nuclear grade; assessment of blood vessel and lymphatic vessel invasion; analysis of steroid receptors, and other special studies as appropriate.
The Middle Care Round
Authors: D. W. Bracey
Journal: BMJ (1970)

As an experiment in postgraduate education a 25-week course in weekly ward rounds for general practitioners and local authority nurses was established at a district general hospital of 340 beds. A total of 73 rounds were held, divided into 12-, 4-, and 9-week courses, from January to December 1969. Ninety-nine general practitioners and district nurses (including health visitors) attended one or more of these rounds. Seventeen consultants participated and there were 273 doctor attendances and 190 nurse attendances. The average attendance per round was four doctors and two nurses. The number of rounds conducted by each of the consultants throughout the course varied from two to six. This paper presents an evaluation of the course.
Ministers must redefine scope of NHS, urges think tank
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The UK government must redraw the boundaries of the NHS if the service is to avoid being engulfed by demand for “lifestyle drugs,” such as those designed to remedy impotence, obesity, and baldness, a report from a leading think tank has concluded.

Although the public strongly supports the continuation of a comprehensive service, free at the point of use, NHS users recognise that not all effective and cost effective treatments are relevant to a universal publicly funded system of health care, it says.

The report, written for …
First day neonatal mortality since 1935: re-examination of the Cross hypothesis.
Authors: R. K. Whyte
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To describe the change in first day infant mortality during 1935-87. To examine the hypothesis that excess first day mortality in the 1950s and 1960s was attributable to restricting oxygen for sick newborn infants.Time series analysis of first day infant mortality and stillbirth rates.England and Wales and the United States of America.All first day infant deaths, all neonatal deaths, and all stillbirths.Rate of fall in mortality, dates of deviation of mortality from established fall, and correlation with stillbirths.In England and Wales first day infant mortality fell by 3.1% a year, except between 1951 (95% confidence interval 1951 to 1954) and 1980 (confidence interval less than 1 year). During these years there were 37,000 excess deaths. In the United States an annual fall of 2.7% was interrupted in 1955 (1951 to 1954) and resumed in 1980 (1978 to 1980), resulting in 195,000 excess deaths. A similar pattern was observed in stillbirth rates.Restriction of oxygen in sick newborn infants cannot be the sole cause of the interruption in fall of first day neonatal mortality as stillbirth rates were also affected. The timing of onset and the course of the deviation is not consistent with the oxygen restriction hypothesis. Further investigation is needed to identify a factor affecting both fetal and newborn survival between 1950 and 1980.
Chronic Liver Disease and Mitochondrial Antibodies: A Family Study
Authors: J. G. Walker, D. Bates, D. Doniach, P. A. J. Ball, S. Sherlock
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Two sisters had primary biliary disease and associated autoimmune thyroiditis with high titres of mitochondrial and other autoantibodies. Their deceased mother possibly suffered from similar disorders. In the same family two brothers had multiple autoimmune reactions, including mitochondrial antibodies, but liver function tests gave normal results. Ten other close relatives were investigated. Australia antigen was not found in the proband or her relatives.