tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Determinants of Carpal Tunnel Decompression Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ashley Makepeace, Wendy A. Davis, David G. Bruce, Timothy M.E. Davis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

To examine the incidence and predictors of carpal tunnel decompression (CTD) in community-based patients with type 2 diabetes, we studied 1,284 type 2 diabetic participants (mean +/- SD age 64.1 +/- 6.1 years, 49.1% male) in the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study who had no history of CTD. A total of 67 participants (5.8%) had a first CTD during 12,109 years (mean 9.4 +/- 3.7) of follow-up, an incidence of 5.5 per 1,000 patient-years. This was at least 4.2 times the incidence in the general population (P < 0.001). In Cox proportional hazards analysis, significant independent determinants of first-ever CTD were higher BMI, taking lipid-lowering medication, and being in a stable relationship (P <or= 0.021). The crude incidence of first CTD is increased in type 2 diabetes and is associated with obesity and sociodemographic/treatment factors that could indicate treatment-seeking behavior including CTD in symptomatic patients.
Results of a Second-Opinion Trial Among Patients Recommended for Coronary Angiography
Authors: Thomas B. Graboys
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the feasibility of carrying out a second-opinion trial for patients urged to undergo coronary angiography and to assess the long-range outcome of such patients denied that procedure, and the criteria evolved for reaching such a conclusion. <h3>Design.</h3> —A case series of patients referred for a second opinion as to the need for coronary angiography. Patients were followed up by questionnaire, telephone call, and center visits. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Cardiovascular referral center and teaching hospital in Boston, Mass. <h3>Patients.</h3> —One hundred seventy-one patients with coronary artery disease (144 men, average age 60 years; range, 36 to 88 years). Three patients became unavailable for follow-up during a mean of 46.5 months. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Concordant-discordant outcome as to the second opinion, cardiac events, invasive interventions, quality of life questionnaire, and level of symptoms. <h3>Results.</h3> —One hundred thirty-four (80%) of the 168 patients were judged not to require angiography; it was recommended in six. In 28 (16%) recommendation was deferred pending further studies. At a mean follow-up of 46.5 months among the 168 patients, there were seven cardiac deaths (annualized cardiac mortality of 1.1%); 19 patients experienced a new myocardial infarction (2.7% annualized rate), while 27 patients (4.3%) were judged to have developed unstable angina. Twenty-six patients (15.4%) ultimately underwent either coronary bypass or angioplasty. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In a large fraction of medically stable patients with coronary disease who are urged to undergo coronary angiography, the procedure can be safely deferred. While there may be a limitation in terms of generalizing this experience to all patients with coronary disease, we reasonably conclude that an estimated 50% of coronary angiography currently being undertaken in the United States is unnecessary, or at least could be postponed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:2537-2540)
Medical Research
Authors: James A. Shannon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Medical research has been highly productive in the past and with reasonable support will be so in the future. However, although much advance is to be expected looking to short-range objectives, the definitive solutions of the major diseases are accomplishments that must be looked for in the middle-range (five to 10 years) and the long-range future. The public must obtain a broader understanding of medical research and its intimate relation to education and the delivery of health services. The effective support of research is wholly dependent upon such public understanding. Both the voluntary health agencies and nationally oriented consumer groups have a special and an essential role in such an informational program.
Comparison of rheumatological and gastrointestinal symptoms after infection with Campylobacter jejuni/coli and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: H Locht
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

To estimate the incidence of postinfectious joint complaints after Campylobacter jejuni/coli enteritis compared with enteritis caused by enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC). To compare gastrointestinal symptoms, antibiotic treatment, and antibody levels among patients with and without joint symptoms.Questionnaires were sent to 210 consecutive patients with Campylobacter infection and an equal number of patients with E coli (ETEC). Blood samples for anti-Campylobacter antibodies were collected after two weeks, three months, six months, and two years.Twenty seven of 173 (16%) patients with Campylobacter and 10/177 (6%) with E coli (ETEC) reported joint symptoms (p=0.004). In the Campylobacter group duration of diarrhoea was a median of 13 days for patients with arthralgia and seven days for those without joint pain (p=0.0058). Patients with E coli had diarrhoea of longer duration than patients infected with Campylobacter (14 days v seven days; p=0.0005). E coli patients had fewer gastrointestinal symptoms than Campylobacter patients (p=0.0001). Fifty nine per cent of Campylobacter patients with joint pain had received antibiotic treatment because of enteritis compared with 26% with enteritis only (p=0.03). Campylobacter species and serotypes were equally distributed in both groups and there was no difference in anti-Campylobacter antibody levels between the groups.There was a significantly increased risk of developing joint symptoms after contracting Campylobacter infection compared with E coli. Campylobacter patients with joint pain had more severe gastrointestinal symptoms and longer duration of diarrhoea. Antibiotic treatment does not seem to prevent reactive joint symptoms. Levels of anti-Campylobacter antibodies were the same in both groups.
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy: A Consensus Statement From the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes: Response to Nathan et al.
Authors: Massimo Porta, Marina Trento
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Although stating that lifestyle interventions “should […] be included as part of diabetes management,” the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus (1) on managing hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes dismisses lifestyle interventions because of their “limited long-term success”; hence, the recommendation to immediately start newly diagnosed patients on lifestyle intervention plus metformin. The consensus even suggests that increased physical activity may lead to “potential problems associated with neuropathy, such …
Cardiovascular effects of leukotoxin (9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate) and free fatty acids in dogs
Authors: A. FUKUSHIMA, M. HAYAKAWA, S. SUGIYAMA., M. AJIOKA, T. ITO, T. SATAKE, T. OZAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Cardiovascular effects of leukotoxin (9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate) and free fatty acids in dogs Get access AKIHIKO FUKUSHIMA, AKIHIKO FUKUSHIMA **From the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MIKA HAYAKAWA, MIKA HAYAKAWA **From the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SATORU SUGIYAMA., SATORU SUGIYAMA. †From the Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Chemistry, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MASAYOSHI AJIOKA, MASAYOSHI AJIOKA **From the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TAKAYUKI ITO, TAKAYUKI ITO **From the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TATSUO SATAKE, TATSUO SATAKE **From the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TAKAYUKI OZAWA TAKAYUKI OZAWA †From the Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Chemistry, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 3, March 1988, Pages 213–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.3.213 Published: 01 March 1988 Article history Received: 30 January 1987 Accepted: 12 October 1987 Published: 01 March 1988
Injury size and location induced by percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: Effect on gradient reduction
Authors: Willem G. van Dockum, Folkert J. ten Cate, Jurrien M. ten Berg, Aernout M. Beek, Jeroen Vos, Mark B. Hofman, Cees A. Visser, Albert C. van Rossum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 1436: TNF-alpha-dependent tumor reprogramming and promotion by microenvironment: Potential involvement of endothelial cells.
Authors: Nikolai N. Khodarev, Sean P. Pitroda, Ralph R. Weichselbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Interactions of tumor clones with the host microenvironment have profound effects on tumor growth, response to radio/chemotherapy and formation of metastases. TNFα is a potent factor driving and orchestrating such interactions. We used mice with disrupted TNFα receptor I/II signaling to investigate phenotypic and genomic changes induced in tumors by TNFα-deficient or wild type (WT) host microenvironment. At the basal level, disruption of host stromal TNFα signaling resulted in the over-expression of tumor genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. Phenotypically, these tumors exhibited a reduced vascular density, which induced the expression of oxidative stress signaling pathways and increased levels of tissue hypoxia and necrosis. These alterations were paralleled by the suppression of genes involved in chromosomal stability and key effectors of the ATM-dependent/ non-homologous end-joining pathways, which resulted in greater DNA double-strand breaks and caspase 3 activation following IR treatment. We further investigated tumor-associated endothelial cells (TAEC) obtained from tumors grown in WT and TNFα RI/II-/- animals. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily represented TNFα/Type I IFN-signaling. These genes significantly separated cohorts of patients with chronic inflammation (RA, IBD and liver cirrhosis) from normal samples. We trained these genes in human cancer datasets and defined a six-gene inflammatory signature that predicted significantly reduced overall survival in breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and glioma. Consistent with these findings, conditioned culture media from human endothelial cells stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines accelerated the growth of human colon and breast tumors in immunodeficient mice as compared with conditioned media from untreated endothelial cells. Based on these studies we came to two important conclusions. First, the host stroma may determine phenotypic and transcriptomic properties of tumor cells, and TNFα might be an important component of such microenvironment-dependent tumor reprogramming (MDTR). Second, endothelial cells may be an important cellular component of MDTR and tumor promotion. Citation Format: Nikolai N. Khodarev, Sean P. Pitroda, Ralph R. Weichselbaum. TNF-alpha-dependent tumor reprogramming and promotion by microenvironment: Potential involvement of endothelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1436. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1436
THE NECESSITY OF REFORM IN MEDICAL EXPERT TESTIMONY.
Authors: DANIEL R. BROWER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The members of this section, without a dissenting voice, will agree with the title of this paper, and feel keenly the discredit brought upon the profession at every important trial where medical expert testimony is employed. A trial, as I am writing this, is going on in Chicago in which a dozen medical witnesses are arrayed against each other on the question of the responsibility of a dipsomaniac, one set testifying that he is responsible for the killing of his wife, and the other that he is not. Similar discreditable displays have been witnessed in this city in the Cronin and Prendergast cases; indeed every city and every such trial is a most serious reflection on the integrity and capacity of the medical profession. Medicine is not pure empiricism. Medical jurisprudence is a great compilation of scientific facts, and their judicious use is essential for the establishment of justice in
Distalgesic poisoning--cause for concern?
Authors: H W K Acheson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

erythema by absorbing ultraviolet B rays.The efficacy of some of these compounds, however, is being questioned.3Some sun- screens may themselves be phototoxic7-for example, amyl dimethylaminobenzoate (Padi- mate A, Escalol 506).Some can prevent erythema, but not premalignant changes in the epidermis8 -for example, mexenone (2- hydroxy-4-methoxy-4-methylbenzophenone).Furthermore, a 5 °' ethanolic solution of para- aminobenzoic acid (PABA), though an effective sunscreen, cannot protect against druginduced phototoxic reactions. 9Broad-spectrum sunscreens combining a PABA ester with a benzophenone ester appear currently to provide the most protection from ultraviolet light. 9The Council of Europe is currently con- sidering sunscreens and one hopes that in the future proper standardisation and toxicological tests will be required for all sunscreens and tanning aids, studies which would dispel much concern regarding their safety.
Diving, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Brain Lesions
Authors: Markus Schwerzmann, Christian Seiler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters20 November 2001Diving, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Brain LesionsMarkus Schwerzmann, MD and Christian Seiler, MDMarkus Schwerzmann, MDUniversity Hospital; Bern BE 3010, Switzerland (Schwerzmann, Seiler)Search for more papers by this author and Christian Seiler, MDUniversity Hospital; Bern BE 3010, Switzerland (Schwerzmann, Seiler)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-10-200111200-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Martin is concerned about the validity of extending our conclusions to “most of the world's sport divers,” that is, recreational divers. We acknowledge that most of the divers we studied are technical divers in his eyes, and therefore the extrapolation of our results to other groups of divers can be questioned. Contrary to his explanation about technical diving, all of our divers used exclusively compressed air for breathing. With use of compressed air for diving, endogenous bubble formation can be observed after decompression from a steady-state exposure of only 135 kPa (corresponding to a depth of 3.5 ...References1. Eckenhoff RG, Olstad CS, Carrod G. Human dose-response relationship for decompression and endogenous bubble formation. J Appl Physiol. 1990;69:914-8. [PMID: 2246178] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Bove AA. Risk of decompression sickness with patent foramen ovale. Undersea Hyperb Med. 1998;25:175-8. [PMID: 9789338] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Vann RD. Mechanisms and risk of decompression.. In: Bove AA, eds. Bove and Davis' Diving Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997:146-58. Google Scholar4. Peduzzi P, Concato J, Kemper E, Holford TR, Feinstein AR. A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49:1373-9. [PMID: 8970487] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital; Bern BE 3010, Switzerland (Schwerzmann, Seiler) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRelation between Directly Detected Patent Foramen Ovale and Ischemic Brain Lesions in Sport Divers Markus Schwerzmann , Christian Seiler , Ernst Lipp , Raphael Guzman , Karl O. Lövblad , Martin Kraus , and Nils Kucher Diving, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Brain Lesions Lawrence Martin Diving, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Brain Lesions Anne-Marie Bollen Metrics 20 November 2001Volume 135, Issue 10Page: 929KeywordsBrainBreathingExtrapolationLesionsRegression analysisSports ePublished: 20 November 2001 Issue Published: 20 November 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
OBESITY: WEIGHT REDUCTION AND BODY COMPOSITION
Authors: ERNST J. DRENICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

Letters and Comments1 May 1966OBESITY: WEIGHT REDUCTION AND BODY COMPOSITIONERNST J. DRENICK, M.D.ERNST J. DRENICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1148 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: On the basis of a study ("Changes in Body Composition During the Weight Reduction in Obesity," F. L. Benoit, R. L. Martin, and R. H. Watten, ANNALS, October, 1965), comparing a 1,000-cal ketogenic diet with starvation, the authors conclude that the weight loss in fasting reflects predominantly lean tissue wasting. While we have no wish to argue the merits of treating obesity with ketogenic diets, we would like to point out that their reasons for rejecting starvation are based on misinterpretation of their data.The authors chose to use40K as a measure of lean tissue mass... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wadsworth VA Hospital Department of Medicine UCLA Center for the Health Sciences Los Angeles, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe lack of influence of hemodilution perfusion on alterations in total body potassiumFRAGMENTATION OF CARDIAC MYOFIBRILS AFTER THERAPEUTIC STARVATIONEnergy Balance and Body Composition Changes A Critical Study of Three Recent PublicationsFRANCISCO GRANDE, M.D.Fat in the FireJ. R. E.Comparative Effects of Caloric Restriction and Total Starvation on Body Composition in ObesityMICHAEL F. BALL, M.D., JOHN J. CANARY, M.D., F.A.C.P., LAURENCE H. KYLE, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1148-1150KeywordsBody weightDietObesityStarvationWeight loss Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Halley's Comet
Authors: MICHAEL A. LACOMBE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Ad Libitum1 September 1987Halley's CometMICHAEL A. LACOMBE, M.D.MICHAEL A. LACOMBE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-434 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHu Chin prepared the fourth moxa. First he finely powdered the leaves of mugwort. After slightly moistening the powder he shaped carefully a cone of the mixture upon the back of the sick child, over the spine and between the shoulders. This cone he ignited with an ember from the fire, then allowed it to burn with the precise timing born of long experience. He watched the child's skin closely and at the formation of the blister, quickly crushed the burning cone into the skin through the blister, infusing the herb directly into the body's channels. Nineteen more moxas he... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Norway, Maine PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByOn Polymer/Surfactant Interaction 1 September 1987Volume 107, Issue 3Page: 434-434KeywordsBlistersBurnsShouldersSpine Issue Published: 1 September 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Studies on the Metabolism of Catecholamines
Authors: JULIUS AXELROD, I. GORDON WHITBY, GEORG HERTTING, IRWIN L. KOPIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Administered H 3 -epinephrine and H 3 -nor-epinephrine are rapidly and selectively taken up by heart muscle and retained for many hours. The uptake and retention of circulating H 3 -norepinephrine by the heart is greater than that of H 3 -epinephrine. Two minutes after the administration of H 3 -catecholamines large amounts of metanephrine and normetanephrine are found in the heart indicating rapid O-methylation of these hormones during the period of their inactivation. H 3 -epinephrine is more readily O-methylated than H 3 -norepinephrine. Enzyme inhibition studies indicate that catechol-O-methyl transferase is the enzyme mainly concerned with the metabolism of catecholamines in the heart. Reserpine, cholorpromazine, imipramine, amphetamine, cocaine, and phenoxybenzamine markedly inhibit the uptake of circulating H 3 -norepinephrine by the heart.
The online Cough Clinic
Authors: J. Widdicombe, G. Fontana
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors: 

The recent paper by Dettmar et al. 1 describes an important way in which patients with chronic cough (and their general practitioners) can obtain information online as to the probable diagnosis of their coughs and the preferred treatment.

The only three possible diagnoses are reflux (gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR)), asthma and rhinitis (post-nasal drip syndrome (PNDS)).

We tested the questionnaire with histories of four patients. They had respectively post-viral, cigarette smoking, habit (Tourette's) and upper respiratory tract infection cough. Each was diagnosed as probable GOR.

The paper raises a number of important questions. First, the paper lists 16 questions pointing to the probable diagnoses, which are identified for each question. However, the current online questionnaire (November 2009) adds a further five questions with no indication of the diagnoses they point to, surely essential information. Presumably this change in the questionnaire was made after the paper was submitted, but it means that the results described in the paper cannot be added to any results from the “new” online questionnaire.

Secondly, how “specific” are the questions? For …
THE LEPROSY QUESTION.Lecture delivered at the University of the South, November, 1891.
Authors: HENRY WM. BLANC
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Leprosy is the oldest disease on record, dating back to the year 4200 B. C., when it was endemic in Egypt; and to this day the traveler in walking the streets of the smaller towns of that country is liable to be startled by the hoarse croaking of the blear-eyed, plague-stricken victim of the<i>barns</i>, as this malady is commonly called in the East. From Egypt the Jews brought the disease with them into Palestine, where Moses found it necessary to frame stringent laws relative to its diagnosis and prevention. It is probable that under the generic term<i>leprosy</i>, the Law-giver described, besides the affection which we now know by that name, a number of other cutaneous diseases, notably leucoderma, the Aleppo evil, erysipelas and ringworm. Perhaps certain inflammations of the skin due to animal parasites, such as pediculosis and scabies, were also included under this title. The main object
USEFULNESS OF MEAN PLATELET VOLUME AND PLATELET COUNT IN PREDICTING SHORT- AND LONG-TERM MORTALITY AFTER NON ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
Authors: Basem Azab, Estelle Torbey, Jasvinder Singh, Nidal Abi Rafeh, Meredith Akerman, Joseph McGinn, James Lafferty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)