tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular mimicry and myasthenia gravis. An autoantigenic site of the acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit that has biologic activity and reacts immunochemically with herpes simplex virus.
Authors: P L Schwimmbeck, T Dyrberg, D B Drachman, M B Oldstone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The large majority of patients with the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis characteristically have detectable antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). We used synthetic peptides to identify antibodies in sera of myasthenia gravis patients reactive with the human acetylcholine receptor (HuAChR) alpha-subunit, residues 160-167. Affinity purification of these antibodies, using the HuAChR alpha-subunit 157-170 peptide immobilized on thiopropyl-Sepharose, yielded IgG antibodies that bound to the native AChR and inhibited the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to the receptor. The HuAChR alpha-subunit 160-167 peptide demonstrated specific immunological cross-reactivity with a shared homologous domain on herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, residues 286-293, by both binding and inhibition studies. Thus, HuAChR alpha-subunit, residues 160-167, elicits antibodies in myasthenic patients that binds to the native AChR protein and is capable of eliciting a biologic effect. Immunologic cross-reactivity of this "self" epitope with herpes simplex virus suggest that this virus may be associated with the initiation of some cases of myasthenia.
Reacquisition of Nef-Mediated Tetherin Antagonism in a Single In Vivo Passage of HIV-1 through Its Original Chimpanzee Host
Authors: Nicola Götz, Daniel Sauter, Shariq M. Usmani, Joëlle V. Fritz, Christine Goffinet, Anke Heigele, Matthias Geyer, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Gerald H. Learn, Oliver T. Fackler, Beatrice H. Hahn, Frank Kirchhoff
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
The effect of ketanserin on blood flow in Raynaud's disease and systemic sclerosis
Authors: F.M. Tatnall, P.M. Gaylarde, I. Sarkany
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Ketanserin is a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor blocking agent which antagonizes serotonin-induced vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Serotonin has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both Raynaud's disease (Halpern et al., 1960) and systemic sclerosis (Winkelmann, Goldyne & Linscheid, 1976). We have studied, therefore, the effect of ketanserin on peripheral blood flow in these two conditions. Intravenous ketanserin 10 mg was given to six patients (three with Raynaud's disease; three with systemic sclerosis). Changes in blood flow were measured by monitoring skin oxygen tension using a Hellige Oxymonitor and by measuring thermal clearance using calorimetry. A significant and immediate rise in oxygen tension and heat output occurred in all subjects following intravenous administration of the drug. We also investigated the effect of 20 mg and 40 mg ketanserin given orally. Following a single oral dose of 40 mg, three of five patients showed an increase in blood flow as demonstrated by calorimetry and oxymetry. In five patients (four with systemic sclerosis and one with Raynaud's disease) who responded to either the oral or the intravenous drug, ketanserin 40 mg b.d. was used as a therapeutic agent. Two patients with systemic sclerosis showed clinical improvement but long-term therapy was discontinued because of side-effects, i.e., dizziness, depression and postural hypotension. The presentation will include details of the techniques and the results.
Frequency of food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis in Japanese junior-high-school students
Authors: Yukoh Aihara, Yuriko Takahashi, Takeshi Kotoyori, Toshihiro Mitsuda, Reiko Ito, Michiko Aihara, Zenro Ikezawa, Shumpei Yokota
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Prospective multicentric molecular study for poor prognosis fusion transcripts at diagnosis in adult B-lineage ALL patients: the LALA 94 experience
Authors: C Picard, S Hayette, C Bilhou-Nabera, J M Cayuela, E Delabesse, N Frenoy, C Preudhomme, M Dupont, C Bastard, D Bories, J L Vaerman, F Davi, N Dastugue, S Raynaud, M Lafage, F Deschaseaux, T Fest, M P Gaub, V Lhéritier, X Thomas, C Charrin, C Boucheix, H Dombret, E MacIntyre, D Fière, J Gabert
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Variation in Use of Blood Transfusion in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, Yue Zhao, Sean M. O'Brien, T. B. Ferguson, Eric D. Peterson, James S. Gammie, Howard K. Song
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Perioperative blood transfusions are costly and have safety concerns. As a result, there have been multiple initiatives to reduce transfusion use. However, the degree to which perioperative transfusion rates vary among hospitals is unknown.To assess hospital-level variation in use of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC), fresh-frozen plasma, and platelet transfusions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.An observational cohort of 102,470 patients undergoing primary isolated CABG surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass during calendar year 2008 at 798 sites in the United States, contributing data to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database.Perioperative (intraoperative and postoperative) transfusion of RBCs, fresh-frozen plasma, and platelets.At hospitals performing at least 100 on-pump CABG operations (82,446 cases at 408 sites), the rates of blood transfusion ranged from 7.8% to 92.8% for RBCs, 0% to 97.5% for fresh-frozen plasma, and 0.4% to 90.4% for platelets. Multivariable analysis including data from all 798 sites (102,470 cases) revealed that after adjustment for patient-level risk factors, hospital transfusion rates varied by geographic location (P = .007), academic status (P = .03), and hospital volume (P < .001). However, these 3 hospital characteristics combined only explained 11.1% of the variation in hospital risk-adjusted RBC usage. Case mix explained 20.1% of the variation between hospitals in RBC usage.Wide variability occurred in the rates of transfusion of RBCs and other blood products, independent of case mix, among patients undergoing CABG surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in US hospitals in an adult cardiac surgical database.
Randomized dose-finding clinical trial of oncolytic immunotherapeutic vaccinia JX-594 in liver cancer
Authors: Jeong Heo, Tony Reid, Leyo Ruo, Caroline J Breitbach, Steven Rose, Mark Bloomston, Mong Cho, Ho Yeong Lim, Hyun Cheol Chung, Chang Won Kim, James Burke, Riccardo Lencioni, Theresa Hickman, Anne Moon, Yeon Sook Lee, Mi Kyeong Kim, Manijeh Daneshmand, Kara Dubois, Lara Longpre, Minhtran Ngo, Cliona Rooney, John C Bell, Byung-Geon Rhee, Richard Patt, Tae-Ho Hwang, David H Kirn
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Decidual NK cells regulate key developmental processes at the human fetal-maternal interface
Authors: Jacob Hanna, Debra Goldman-Wohl, Yaron Hamani, Inbal Avraham, Caryn Greenfield, Shira Natanson-Yaron, Diana Prus, Leonor Cohen-Daniel, Tal I Arnon, Irit Manaster, Roi Gazit, Vladimir Yutkin, Daniel Benharroch, Angel Porgador, Eli Keshet, Simcha Yagel, Ofer Mandelboim
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Time course of ethanol-induced impairment in fluid-phase endocytosis in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Kenneth B. Camacho, Carol A. Casey, Robert L. Wiegert, Michael F. Sorrell, Dean J. Tuma
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The time-course effects of long-term ethanol administration on fluid-phase endocytosis were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. Rats were pair-fed an ethanol-supplemented liquid diet or an isocaloric control diet for 3 days, 1 wk, 2 wk or 5 wk. Hepatocytes were isolated and incubated at 37° C with various concentrations of the fluid-phase marker Lucifer yellow.-Net internalization of the marker dye was determined. After as little as 1 wk, ethanol-fed rats demonstrated marked decreases in the net internalization of dye compared with pair-fed controls; these changes persisted throughout 5 wk of feeding. Because net internalization is the balance between uptake into the cells vs. efflux from the cells, these components were examined individually. Early uptake was not significantly decreased by ethanol feeding; however, efflux of preloaded Lucifer yellow from cells from the ethanol-fed animals was markedly faster than efflux from pair-fed controls. This increased efflux was more prominent in the longer preload time (90 min) compared with a shorter preload time (15 min), indicating an alteration in dye distribution among various intracellular pools. These ethanol-induced changes in fluid-phase endocytosis were apparent for 1 wk through 5 wk of feeding and were similar for all Lucifer yellow concentrations examined. These results indicate that the decreased net internalization of Lucifer yellow through fluid-phase endocytosis is mainly a result of an ethanol-induced increase in efflux possibly caused by altered intracellular trafficking rather than by reduction in uptake. (Hepatology 1993;17:661-667.)
Lack of expression of HLA-B27 gene in transgenic mouse trophoblast. Conserved genetic pressures underlying extra-embryonic development.
Authors: C B Oudejans, P Krimpenfort, H L Ploegh, C J Meijer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The mechanisms that regulate developmental control of the expression of MHC class I genes during generation of extra-embryonic tissues are largely unknown. In the present study, we studied the levels of transcripts of the human HLA-B27 gene in extra-embryonic tissues of transgenic mice containing the HLA-B27 (heavy chain) gene by in situ hybridization with biotinylated single-stranded RNA probes. In contrast to extra-embryonic stromal cells and embryonic tissues which contain (varying levels of) messenger RNA coding for HLA-B27, specific transcripts were not detected in labyrintho-, or spongiotrophoblast, nor in trophoblastic giant cells. These cells are devoid of HLA A and B locus class I transcripts in man. Regulation of expression of human MHC class I genes in extra-embryonic trophoblast in transgenic animals is thus under conserved selective pressure that is retained across a species barrier. Thus, in extra-embryonic tissues, regulation of expression of MHC class I genes is distinct from the mechanisms operating in developing embryonic cells.
Sjögren-Type Syndrome After Allogeneic Bone-Marrow Transplantation
Authors: ALOIS A. GRATWHOL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Four patients, treated for hematologic disorders with bone-marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings, spontaneously complained of dry eyes 8 to 12 months after transplantation. Four allograft recipients and two recipients of autologous bone-marrow transplants were evaluated for xerophthalmia and xerostomia. Three allogeneic marrow recipients had evidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and two had decreased parotid gland function. All four allograft recipients had minor salivary gland histopathology identical to that of Sjögren's syndrome. The severity of symptoms and histologic lesions corresponded with the severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease. In addition, one patient developed sclerodermatous skin changes, another had discoid lupus erythematosus, and two patients had laboratory evidence of cholestasis. None of the patients had autoantibodies but all had hypergammaglobulinemia. In contrast, none of the recipients of autologous bone marrow had clinical, laboratory, or histologic findings resembling Sjögren's syndrome.
Serum Amylase and Serum Lipase Levels in Man after Administration of Secretin and Pancreozymin
Authors: P. Burton, E. M. Hammond, A. A. Harper, H. T. Howat, J. E. Scott, H. Varley
Journal: Gut (1960)

A simple evocative test has been used to study pancreatic function. Serial estimations of amylase and lipase in blood serum are made at intervals up to six hours and again at 24 hours after injecting intravenously standard doses of secretin and pancreozymin. The results of 213 tests on a normal group, in pancreatic disease, in biliary and hepatic diseases have been analysed and compared with the results of duodenal intubation and an oral glucose tolerance test. A combined evocative test and oral glucose tolerance test provide evidence of pancreatic dysfunction in the majority of cases of cancer of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. The conditions of the test are described and the pathological lesions in which false positive evocative tests may be found are indicated. The simple evocative test provides the earliest biochemical evidence of pancreatic disease in some patients with cancer of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis.
The Girl in the National Gallery
Authors: George N. Braman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Ad Libitum18 April 2006The Girl in the National GalleryGeorge N. Braman, MDGeorge N. Braman, MDFrom Bronx, NY 10471.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-8-200604180-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “The world goes by my cage and never sees me.”—“The Woman in the Washington Zoo”Randall Jarrell... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Bronx, NY 10471.Current Author Address: George N. Braman, MD, 6142 Delafield Avenue, Bronx, NY 10471. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 April 2006Volume 144, Issue 8Page: 595KeywordsHipTouch ePublished: 18 April 2006 Issue Published: 18 April 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER
Authors: JAMES EWING
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The keynote of the modern diagnosis of neoplasms is the recognition of many distinct clinical and pathologic entities in the vast field of benign and malignant tumors. It is no longer possible to content oneself with the simple report that the case is carcinoma or sarcoma. It is necessary to know what exact type of carcinoma or sarcoma is present, what the extent of the disease may be, what degree of malignancy is concerned, and what the natural history of the disease will reveal. In other words, it is necessary for the pathologist and clinician to form a clinical diagnosis and not rest merely on a histologic report. The introduction of radiation treatment has emphasized the importance of the finer diagnosis of tumors, for without accurate knowledge of the structure and natural course of the disease, the radiologist is seriously handicapped. The surgeon also needs such knowledge for the intelligent
Changes of left ventricular diastolic function in exercising dogs without and with ischemia.
Authors: S Miyazaki, B D Guth, T Miura, C Indolfi, R Schulz, J Ross
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in the absence and presence of regional ischemia was examined in eight conscious dogs chronically instrumented with ultrasonic devices for measuring LV wall thickness and volume. During treadmill exercise, ischemia was induced (hydraulic occluder) to produce less than 10% systolic wall thickening in the ischemic zone. LV filling was assessed by the peak filling rate (PFR), mean filling rates in the first and second halves of filling (mFR1 and mFR2), an early filling index from mitral valve opening to minimal diastolic pressure (PDm), and the percentage of atrial filling. Also, LV relaxation (tau) and wall thinning rates during isovolumetric relaxation and the first and second halves of the filling phase were assessed. During control exercise without ischemia, PDm decreased by 2.61 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) to -1.1 mm Hg and there was a downward shift of the entire LV diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) curve. The LV relaxation rate, PFR, mFR1, and mFR2 were enhanced. Early filling was increased by 116%, the percentage of atrial filling by 118%, and overall diastolic filling by 23% despite a 63% decrease in the filling period. During ischemic exercise, systolic function was depressed compared with the resting state, PDm increased by 4.84 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) associated with a pronounced rightward and upward shift of the early portion of the P-V curve. LV relaxation rate, PFR, and mFR1 were reduced, the early filling index fell sharply by 62% but percentage of atrial filling was unchanged, while overall diastolic filling decreased by 30%. The thinning rate of the control wall was enhanced, whereas that of ischemic wall was depressed. Multiple factors contributed to the markedly impaired early and overall diastolic LV filling during ischemia, including impaired systolic function, reduced relaxation rate, nonuniformity of wall motion, an upward shift of the early diastolic P-V curve, and absence of a compensatory increase in late diastolic filling.
Family Interactions and Illness
Authors: A. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This book is about psychodynamic and social psychiatry, about the psychological stresses and emotional conflicts, and about the disturbed social relationships with which so many of a family doctor's patients present.It sees the patient not only as an individual but as one of a family whose disturbed interactions may have caused his illness.He may be the scapegoat for, or the symptom of, an ill family, and not only classical "sick families" but ordinary nice middle class ones get ill.The author describes a diagram of a
Cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factor association in women
Authors: Peter F. Kokkinos, John C. Holland, Andreas E. Pittaras, Puneet Narayan, Charles O. Dotson, Vasilios Papademetriou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary risk factors in healthy, nonsmoking adult women.A sedentary life-style is recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, and increasing physical activity is strongly recommended to reduce this risk. However, studies examining the effects of increased physical activity on coronary heart disease risk factors in women are relatively few, and the findings have been equivocal.Subjects provided written informed consent, completed a questionnaire on medical history and performed an exercise tolerance test. Blood chemistry and lipid levels were determined from fasting blood samples. Three fitness categories were established on the basis of treadmill time to exhaustion and were adjusted for age.The women in the lowest fitness category had less favorable lipid profiles, blood glucose levels, blood pressures and anthropometric indexes than those in the moderate and high fitness categories.Moderate fitness (equivalent to 10 metabolic equivalents [METs]) is required to improve the coronary risk profile in women.
Non-attendance at general practices and outpatient clinics
Authors: D. J Sharp, W. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Tandem-repeat proteins comprise small secondary structure motifs that stack to form one-dimensional arrays with distinctive mechanical properties that are proposed to direct their cellular functions. Here, we use single-molecule optical tweezers to study the folding of consensus-designed tetratricopeptide repeats (CTPRs) — superhelical arrays of short helix-turn-helix motifs. We find that CTPRs display a spring-like mechanical response in which individual repeats undergo rapid equilibrium fluctuations between folded and unfolded conformations. We rationalise the force response using Ising models and dissect the folding pathway of CTPRs under mechanical load, revealing how the repeat arrays form from the centre towards both termini simultaneously. Strikingly, we also directly observe the protein’s superhelical tertiary structure in the force signal. Using protein engineering, crystallography and single-molecule experiments, we show how the superhelical geometry can be altered by carefully placed amino-acid substitutions and examine how these sequence changes affect intrinsic repeat stability and inter-repeat coupling. Our findings provide the means to dissect and modulate repeat-protein stability and dynamics, which will be essential for researchers to understand the function of natural repeat proteins and to exploit artificial repeats proteins in nanotechnology and biomedical applications. <h3>Significance statement</h3> Repetition of biological building blocks is crucial to modulating and diversifying structure and function of biomolecules across all organisms. In tandem-repeat proteins, the linear arrangement of small structural motifs leads to the formation of striking supramolecular shapes. Using a combination of single-molecule biophysical techniques and modelling approaches, we dissect the spring-like nature of a designed repeat protein and demonstrate how its shape and mechanics can be manipulated by design. These novel insights into the biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of this protein class give us a methodological basis from which to understand the biological functions of repeat proteins and to exploit them in nanotechnology and biomedicine.
The eosinophil and the eye
Authors: Se. Bonini, L. Magrini, G. Rotiroti, A. Lambiase, M. Tomassini, C. Rumi, St. Bonini
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Personal studies in allergic eye diseases reviewed in this paper indicate that: 1. An increased number and an abnormal distribution of eosinophils is present in conjunctival biopsies of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). 2. Eosinophil and eosinophil products, such as ECP, are also increased in tears of VKC patients and, in hay fever conjunctivitis, accumulate during the late‐phase of allergic reaction following specific allergen challenge. 3. Circulating eosinophils of VKC patients show a typical activation phenotypic profile which is associated with increased serum level of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin/protein X. A clinical study of the modulatory effect of cetirizine on the early and late phase of the allergic reaction as well as on the eosinophil activation and tissue recruitment following conjunctival allergen challenge is reported as an example of the need to evaluate eosinophil functions when investigating anti‐allergic drugs. Drugs modulating various aspects of eosinophil function could play a primary role in the treatment of allergic eye disease.
Commercial Hair Analysis: Science or Scam?-Reply
Authors: Stephen Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Neither specimen had been bleached or permed. Although it would have been ideal to use hair close to the scalp, there was no way to obtain enough of it to create 26 specimens per subject. In 1984, a Food and Drug Administration laboratory ran tests on hair specimens taken 3 and 9 inches from the scalp and prepared similarly to mine, and found that this method can produce homogeneous samples.<sup>1</sup>Moreover, the reported values for specimen pairs I sent to each laboratory were generally much closer to each other than to those of the other laboratories. For these reasons, I believe that the variations reported in my study were caused by differences in laboratory techniques and standards rather than the way the specimens were prepared. Two investigations in which paired nape-hair specimens were sent to three laboratories have reported findings similar to mine.<sup>2,3</sup> Although Dr Walsh