tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving Maternal Mental Health After a Child’s Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Emily Feinberg, Marilyn Augustyn, Elaine Fitzgerald, Jenna Sandler, Zhandra Ferreira-Cesar Suarez, Ning Chen, Howard Cabral, William Beardslee, Michael Silverstein
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> The prevalence of psychological distress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests a need for interventions that address parental mental health during the critical period after the child’s autism diagnosis when parents are learning to navigate the complex system of autism services. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether a brief cognitive behavioral intervention, problem-solving education (PSE), decreases parenting stress and maternal depressive symptoms during the period immediately following a child’s diagnosis of ASD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A randomized clinical trial compared 6 sessions of PSE with usual care. Settings included an autism clinic and 6 community-based early intervention programs that primarily serve low-income families. Participants were mothers of 122 young children (mean age, 34 months) who recently received a diagnosis of ASD. Among mothers assessed for eligibility, 17.0% declined participation. We report outcomes after 3 months of follow-up (immediate postdiagnosis period). <h3>Interventions</h3> Problem-solving education is a brief, cognitive intervention delivered in six 30-minute individualized sessions by existing staff (early intervention programs) or research staff without formal mental health training (autism clinic). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Primary outcomes were parental stress and maternal depressive symptoms. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty-nine mothers were randomized to receive PSE and 63 to receive usual care. The follow-up rate was 91.0%. Most intervention mothers (78.0%) received the full PSE course. At the 3-month follow-up assessment, PSE mothers were significantly less likely than those serving as controls to have clinically significant parental stress (3.8% vs 29.3%; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.65). For depressive symptoms, the risk reduction in clinically significant symptoms did not reach statistical significance (5.7% vs 22.4%; aRR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.08); however, the reduction in mean depressive symptoms was statistically significant (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score, 4.6 with PSE vs 6.9 with usual care; adjusted mean difference, −1.67; 95% CI, −3.17 to −0.18). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The positive effects of PSE in reducing parenting stress and depressive symptoms during the critical postdiagnosis period, when parents are asked to navigate a complex service delivery system, suggest that it may have a place in clinical practice. Further work will monitor these families for a total of 9 months to determine the trajectory of outcomes. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01021384
Pediatric Radiocardioangiography
Authors: F. P. STOCKER, J. KINSER, J. W. WEBER, H. RÖSLER
Journal: Circulation (1973)

On the basis of a comparison of the shunt diagnoses in 73 radiocardioangiographic examinations with those from cardiac catheterization supplemented by operation and/or autopsy findings, it is shown that an intravenous injection of 99m technetium pertechnetate with subsequent evaluation using a scintillation camera and computerized regional time-activity curves is very accurate for the qualitative diagnosis of both left-to-right and right-to-left shunts down to the order of 1.2:1. The advantages of the method are: (1) it is quick (5-10 min for the patient, 20-30 min for the further processing and evaluation); (2) it is safe (extremely low radiation exposure enabling repeated examinations); (3) it is effortless for the patient (thus well suited for use in critically ill patients); and (4) it is applicable with the same accuracy in all age groups (including very young infants and neonates). Thus, the RCG is a promising method for ambulatory diagnosis of questionable heart disease, for the precatheterization workup, and for repeated follow-up studies, i.e. postoperative patients.
Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with metronidazole.
Authors: M H Morgan, A E Read, D C Speller
Journal: Gut (1982)

Neomycin, an antibiotic which is primarily active against the aerobic gut flora and hence reduces the endogenous production of ammonia, is a well-recognised form of treatment for acute or acute on chronic hepatic encephalopathy. This study suggests that metronidazole may be a useful alternative or even adjunctive treatment for such patients. Theoretical and practical justifications for the use of this drug are presented. The results of a week's prescription of each drug have been assessed by changes in clinical and biochemical criteria, including electroencephalograms and arterial ammonia sample. In the treatment of a series of 11 mildly or moderately, and seven severely affected, patients with histologically confirmed cirrhosis, metronidazole is shown to be as effective as neomycin.
1399 12-WEEK INTERFERON-FREE REGIMEN OF ABT-450/R +ABT-333 +RIBAVIRIN ACHIEVED SVR12 IN MORE THAN 90% OF TREATMENT-NAIVE HCV GENOTYPE-1-INFECTED SUBJECTS AND 47% OF PREVIOUS NON-RESPONDERS
Authors: F. Poordad, E. Lawitz, K.V. Kowdley, G.T. Everson, B. Freilich, D. Cohen, S. Siggelkow, M. Heckaman, R. Menon, T. Pilot- Matias, T. Podsadecki, B. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Mandatory Use of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
Authors: Rebecca L. Haffajee, Anupam B. Jena, Scott G. Weiner
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
810-2 Effects of growth hormone on circulating cytokine dysbalance and left ventricular geometry in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Stamatis Adamopoulos, John T Parissis, Dimitrios Karatzas, John Paraskevaidis, George Karavolias, Dimitrios Degiannis, Dimitrios Kremastinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Whence the “Proteii”?
Authors: Jay P. Sanford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Several relatively simple tenets form the basis for rational infection-control programs. Among the major principles upon which control should be based are recognition, reporting, knowledge of the source and mode of spread of the incriminated organism. It is perhaps trite to state that recognition of the existence of a problem is essential before any type of rational control program can be implemented, but there are numerous examples of delayed recognition — e.g., the recently reported outbreak of serratia infections associated with contamination of inhalation-therapy medications.1 All too frequently recognition depends on chance because of the appearance of an unusual micro-organism . . .
Analysis of Stroke in ATHENA: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Arm Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Dronedarone 400 mg BID for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Hospitalization or Death From Any Cause in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter
Authors: Stuart J. Connolly, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Martin van Eickels, Christophe Gaudin, Richard L. Page, Stefan H. Hohnloser
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Many patients with atrial fibrillation are at high risk for stroke and require antithrombotic therapy. Antiarrhythmic drugs have not previously been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation. The effect of dronedarone, a new multichannel-blocking antiarrhythmic drug, on stroke has been evaluated in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, ATHENA (A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm Trial to assess the efficacy of dronedarone 400 mg BID for the prevention of cardiovascular Hospitalization or death from any cause in patiENts with Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter). Methods and Results— Patients with persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and at least 1 risk factor for cardiovascular hospitalization were randomized to receive dronedarone (400 mg BID) or double-blind matching placebo and followed up for a minimum of 1 year to a common termination at 30 months. All strokes that occurred during the study were included in the present post hoc analysis. There were 4628 patients randomized to placebo or dronedarone. The baseline risk factors for stroke were well balanced between the 2 groups, and the baseline mean CHADS 2 score was 2. The baseline use of either oral anticoagulant therapy or antiplatelet agent alone was 60%. Dronedarone reduced the risk of stroke from 1.8% per year to 1.2% per year (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.46 to 0.96, P =0.027). The effect of dronedarone was similar whether or not patients were receiving oral anticoagulant therapy, and there was a significantly greater effect of dronedarone in patients with higher CHADS 2 scores. Conclusions— In this post hoc analysis, a reduction in stroke was observed in patients with atrial fibrillation who were receiving usual care, which included antithrombotic therapy and heart rate control, who were randomized to dronedarone. Further studies to investigate the effect of dronedarone and other antiarrhythmic agents on stroke are indicated.
Clinical and Immunological Response to Attenuated Tissue-Cultured Smallpox Vaccine LC16m8
Authors: Tomoya Saito
Journal: JAMA (2009)

The attenuated, tissue-cultured, third-generation smallpox vaccine LC16m8 was administered to vaccinia-naive infants in Japan during the 1970s without serious adverse events. It is a good candidate for use as part of a prevention plan for bioterrorism.To assess the immunogenicity and frequency of adverse events of LC16m8 vaccine in unvaccinated and previously vaccinated adults.Between 2002 and 2005 we vaccinated and revaccinated 1529 and 1692 adults, respectively, in the Japan Self-Defense Forces with LC16m8 vaccine, given intraepidermally using a bifurcated needle. Vaccinees were examined 10 to 14 days after vaccination to determine if they had developed a major skin reaction ("take"). Neutralizing antibody responses among 200 participants were assessed using a plaque-reduction neutralization test 30 days postvaccination. We monitored vaccinees for adverse events for 30 days postvaccination.Documentation of a vaccine take, presence of neutralizing antibody response, and frequency of adverse events.The proportions of take in vaccinia-naive and previously vaccinated individuals were 1443 of 1529 (94.4% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 93.2%-95.9%] and 1465 of 1692 (86.6% [95% CI, 85.0%-88.2%]), respectively. Seroconversion or an effective booster response among the individuals with take was elicited in 37 of 41 (90.2% [95% CI, 81.2%-99.3%]) vaccinia-naive participants and in 93 of 155 (60.0% [95% CI, 52.3%-67.7%]) previously vaccinated participants. One case of allergic dermatitis and another of erythema multiforme, both of which were mild and self-limited, were suspected to be caused by vaccination. No severe adverse events were observed.Administration of an attenuated tissue-cultured smallpox vaccine (LC16m8) to healthy adults was associated with high levels of vaccine take and seroconversion in those who were vaccinia-naive and yielded an effective booster response in some previously vaccinated individuals.
High effectiveness of peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin therapy in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C in clinical practice
Authors: Nae-Yun Heo, Young-Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Yung Sang Lee, Kang Mo Kim, Kwan Soo Byun, Kwang-Hyub Han, Kwan Sik Lee, Seung Woon Paik, Seung Kew Yoon, Dong Jin Suh
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

See the commentary-article "Is peginterferon and ribavirin therapy effective in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C?" on page 26.
Southall hearing is delayed by six months after panellist steps down because of illness
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A long running General Medical Council case against the child protection paediatrician David Southall has been adjourned for six months, after illness forced the only remaining medical member of the fitness to practise panel to step down.

The hearing, which began in November 2006, will go ahead with a substitute panellist under little noticed GMC powers adopted last April to replace panel members even when, as in this case, findings of fact have already been made. The hearing is not expected to resume before …
Clopidogrel Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Vary Widely Despite Exclusion or Control of Polymorphisms (CYP2C19, ABCB1, PON1), Noncompliance, Diet, Smoking, Co-Medications (Including Proton Pump Inhibitors), and Pre-Existent Variability in Platelet Function
Authors: Andrew L. Frelinger, Deepak L. Bhatt, Ronald D. Lee, Darcy J. Mulford, Jingtao Wu, Sai Nudurupati, Anu Nigam, Michael Lampa, Julie K. Brooks, Marc R. Barnard, Alan D. Michelson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Nonallele Specific Silencing of Ataxin-7 Improves Disease Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of SCA7
Authors: Pavitra S Ramachandran, Ryan L Boudreau, Kellie A Schaefer, Albert R La Spada, Beverly L Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by ataxia and vision loss with no effective treatments in the clinic. The most striking feature is the degeneration of Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum caused by the presence of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-7. Ataxin-7 is part of a transcriptional complex, and, in the setting of mutant ataxin-7, there is misregulation of target genes. Here, we designed RNAi sequences to reduce the expression of both wildtype and mutant ataxin-7 to test if reducing ataxin-7 in Purkinje cells is both tolerated and beneficial in an animal model of SCA7. We observed sustained reduction of both wildtype and mutant ataxin-7 as well as a significant improvement of ataxia phenotypes. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in cerebellar molecular layer thinning and nuclear inclusions, a hallmark of SCA7. In addition, we observed recovery of cerebellar transcripts whose expression is disrupted in the presence of mutant ataxin-7. These data demonstrate that reduction of both wildtype and mutant ataxin-7 by RNAi is well tolerated, and contrary to what may be expected from reducing a component of the Spt-Taf9-Gcn5 acetyltransferase complex, is efficacious in the SCA7 mouse. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by ataxia and vision loss with no effective treatments in the clinic. The most striking feature is the degeneration of Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum caused by the presence of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-7. Ataxin-7 is part of a transcriptional complex, and, in the setting of mutant ataxin-7, there is misregulation of target genes. Here, we designed RNAi sequences to reduce the expression of both wildtype and mutant ataxin-7 to test if reducing ataxin-7 in Purkinje cells is both tolerated and beneficial in an animal model of SCA7. We observed sustained reduction of both wildtype and mutant ataxin-7 as well as a significant improvement of ataxia phenotypes. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in cerebellar molecular layer thinning and nuclear inclusions, a hallmark of SCA7. In addition, we observed recovery of cerebellar transcripts whose expression is disrupted in the presence of mutant ataxin-7. These data demonstrate that reduction of both wildtype and mutant ataxin-7 by RNAi is well tolerated, and contrary to what may be expected from reducing a component of the Spt-Taf9-Gcn5 acetyltransferase complex, is efficacious in the SCA7 mouse.
RISING HEALTH CARE COST IN UNITED STATES: IS DEFENSIVE MEDICINE THE CAUSE? ANALYSIS IN A CHEST PAIN RULE OUT COHORT
Authors: Rojina Pant, Jeffrey Cook, Mukesh Gopalakrishnan, Carlos Urdininea, Toyiba Syed, German Rossell, Kiran Regmi, Dana Villines, Lloyd Klein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A leaky mutation in CD3D differentially affects αβ and γδ T cells and leads to a Tαβ–Tγδ+B+NK+ human SCID
Authors: Juana Gil, Elena M. Busto, Beatriz Garcillán, Carmen Chean, Maria Cruz García-Rodríguez, Andrea Díaz-Alderete, Joaquín Navarro, Jesús Reiné, Angeles Mencía, Dolores Gurbindo, Cristina Beléndez, Isabel Gordillo, Marlena Duchniewicz, Kerstin Höhne, Félix García-Sánchez, Eduardo Fernández-Cruz, Eduardo López-Granados, Wolfgang W.A. Schamel, Miguel A. Moreno-Pelayo, María J. Recio, José R. Regueiro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

T cells recognize antigens via their cell surface TCR and are classified as either αβ or γδ depending on the variable chains in their TCR, α and β or γ and δ, respectively. Both αβ and γδ TCRs also contain several invariant chains, including CD3δ, which support surface TCR expression and transduce the TCR signal. Mutations in variable chains would be expected to affect a single T cell lineage, while mutations in the invariant chains would affect all T cells. Consistent with this, all CD3δ-deficient patients described to date showed a complete block in T cell development. However, CD3δ-KO mice have an αβ T cell-specific defect. Here, we report 2 unrelated cases of SCID with a selective block in αβ but not in γδ T cell development, associated with a new splicing mutation in the CD3D gene. The patients' T cells showed reduced CD3D transcripts, CD3δ proteins, surface TCR, and early TCR signaling. Their lymph nodes showed severe T cell depletion, recent thymus emigrants in peripheral blood were strongly decreased, and the scant αβ T cells were oligoclonal. T cell-dependent B cell functions were also impaired, despite the presence of normal B cell numbers. Strikingly, despite the specific loss of αβ T cells, surface TCR expression was more reduced in γδ than in αβ T cells. Analysis of individuals with this CD3D mutation thus demonstrates the contrasting CD3δ requirements for αβ versus γδ T cell development and TCR expression in humans and highlights the diagnostic and clinical relevance of studying both TCR isotypes when a T cell defect is suspected.
Effect of the stability and deformability of self-assembled glycol chitosan nanoparticles on tumor-targeting efficiency
Authors: Jin Hee Na, Seung-Young Lee, Sangmin Lee, Heebeom Koo, Kyung Hyun Min, Seo Young Jeong, Soon Hong Yuk, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
US schools should make physical education a core subject, Institute of Medicine says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> Examine the relationship between antibodies to 25 oral bacteria and pancreatic cancer risk in a prospective cohort study. <h3>Design</h3> We measured antibodies to oral bacteria in prediagnosis blood samples from 405 pancreatic cancer cases and 416 matched controls, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Analyses were conducted using conditional logistic regression and additionally adjusted for smoking status and body mass index. <h3>Results</h3> Individuals with high levels of antibodies against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> ATTC 53978, a pathogenic periodontal bacteria, had a twofold higher risk of pancreatic cancer than individuals with lower levels of these antibodies (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.36; &gt;200 ng/ml vs ≤200 ng/ml). To explore the association with commensal (non-pathogenic) oral bacteria, we performed a cluster analysis and identified two groups of individuals, based on their antibody profiles. A cluster with overall higher levels of antibodies had a 45% lower risk of pancreatic cancer than a cluster with overall lower levels of antibodies (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.83). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Periodontal disease might increase the risk for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, increased levels of antibodies against specific commensal oral bacteria, which can inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria, might reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. Studies are needed to determine whether oral bacteria have direct effects on pancreatic cancer pathogenesis or serve as markers of the immune response.
Something's in the air
Authors: M. H d. Borst, M. E M Lacor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An 80 year old woman reported abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and absence of defecation for 14 days. She had no medical history. Before this she had passed stools daily, and stools were of normal consistency, without blood or mucus. On examination, the abdomen was slightly distended with rare, loud bowel sounds and diffuse tenderness. The upper abdomen was hypertympanous with dampened percussion in the left lower abdomen. Rectal examination found hardened faeces in the rectum. ### Short answers
Paternal Leakage of Mitochondrial DNA in the Great Tit (Parus major)
Authors: L. Kvist
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Animal mitochondrial DNA is normally inherited clonally from a mother to all her offspring. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy, the occurrence of more than one mitochondrial haplotype within an individual, can be generated by relatively common somatic mutations within an individual, by heteroplasmy of the oocytes, or by paternal leakage of mitochondria during fertilization of an egg. This biparental inheritance has so far been reported only in mice, mussels, Drosophila, and humans. Here we present evidence that paternal leakage occurs in a bird, the great tit Parus major. The major and minor subspecies groups of the great tit mix in the middle Amur Valley in far-eastern Siberia, where we found a bird that possessed the very distinct haplotypes of the two groups. To our knowledge this is the first report of paternal leakage in birds.
Microarrays and Clinical Investigations
Authors: Edison T. Liu, Krishna R. Karuturi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Two articles in this issue of the Journal tell a similar story: primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may be divided into subclasses according to gene-expression profiles. Given the number of articles that describe the correlative and predictive usefulness of array-based molecular classifications, especially in leukemias, these outcomes no longer elicit surprise. But perhaps they should — not only because of their clinical usefulness, as outlined in the editorial by Grimwade and Haferlach (pages 1676–1678), but also because of the rapid pace at which expression genomics is changing the conduct of clinical research.Not too long ago, a single molecular marker, . . .