tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Epoetin Alfa on Survival and Cancer Treatment–Related Anemia and Fatigue in Patients Receiving Radical Radiotherapy With Curative Intent for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Peter J. Hoskin, Martin Robinson, Nicholas Slevin, David Morgan, Kevin Harrington, Christopher Gaffney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To evaluate the effect of epoetin alfa on local disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer treatment-related anemia and fatigue in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radical radiotherapy with curative intent.Patients (N = 301) with hemoglobin (Hb) less than 15 g/dL were randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1 to receive radiotherapy plus epoetin alfa (10,000 U subcutaneously [SC] three times weekly if baseline Hb was < 12.5 g/dL; 4,000 U SC three times weekly if baseline Hb > or = 12.5 g/dL) or radiotherapy alone. Hb levels were monitored weekly. The primary end point was local DFS, defined as the time from random assignment to local disease recurrence or death. Secondary efficacy end points included OS, local tumor response, and local tumor control. Patients were followed at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postradiotherapy and annually for 5 years. Cancer treatment-related anemia and fatigue were evaluated with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck. Adverse events were recorded up to 12 weeks postradiotherapy.Hb levels increased from baseline with epoetin alfa. The median duration of local DFS was not statistically different between groups (observation, 35.42 months; epoetin alfa, 31.47 months; hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.41). Groups did not significantly differ in DFS, OS, tumor outcomes, or cancer treatment-related anemia or fatigue. No new or unexpected adverse events were observed.Addition of epoetin alfa to radical radiotherapy did not affect survival, tumor outcomes, anemia, or fatigue positively or negatively in patients with head and neck cancer.
Small Acute Increases in Serum Creatinine Are Associated with Decreased Long-Term Survival in the Critically Ill
Authors: Adam Linder, Chris Fjell, Adeera Levin, Keith R. Walley, James A. Russell, John H. Boyd
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Long-term outcomes after acute kidney injury (AKI) are poorly described.We hypothesized that one single episode of minimal (stage 1) AKI is associated with reduced long-term survival compared with no AKI after recovery from critical illness.A prospective cohort of 2,010 intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted to the ICU between years 2000 and 2009 at a provincial tertiary care hospital. Development of AKI was determined according to the KDIGO classification and mortality up to 10 years after ICU admission was recorded.Of the 1,844 eligible patients, 18.4% had AKI stage 1, 12.1% had stage 2, 26.5% had stage 3, and 43.0% had no AKI. The 28-day, 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates were 67.1%, 51.8%, 44.1%, and 36.3% in patients with mild AKI, which was significantly worse compared with the critically ill patients with no AKI at any time (P < 0.01). The unadjusted 10-year mortality hazard ratio was 1.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.0) for 28-day survivors with stage 1 AKI compared with critically ill patients with no AKI. Adjusted 10-year mortality risk was 1.26 (1.0-1.6). After propensity matching stage 1 AKI with no AKI patients, mild AKI was still significantly associated with decreased 10-year survival (P = 0.036).Patients with one episode of mild AKI have significantly lower long-term survival rates than critically ill patients with no AKI. Close medical follow-up of these patients may be warranted and mechanistic research is required to understand how AKI influences long-term events.
International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease—Progress Report
Authors: C.M. Ridley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease—Progress Report Get access C.M. Ridley C.M. Ridley St. Mary's Wing Whittington Hospital London N19 5NF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 5, 1 May 1988, Pages 732–733, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02585.x Published: 01 May 1988
Rituximab prevents recurrence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report
Authors: Miriam Galbusera, Elena Bresin, Marina Noris, Sara Gastoldi, Daniela Belotti, Cristina Capoferri, Erica Daina, Paolo Perseghin, Friedrich Scheiflinger, Fadi Fakhouri, Jean-Pierre Grünfeld, Enrico Pogliani, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Blood (2005)
Reliability of the ICF Core Set for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: T. Uhlig, S. Lillemo, R. H. Moe, T. Stamm, A. Cieza, A. Boonen, P. Mowinckel, T. K. Kvien, G. Stucki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

The comprehensive ICF Core Set for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a selection of 96 categories from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), representing relevant aspects in the functioning of RA patients.To study the reliability of the ICF Core Set for RA in rheumatological practice, and to explore the metric of the qualifiers' scale.25 RA patients from an outpatient department of rheumatology were interviewed using the ICF Core Set for RA (76% females, mean (SD) age 57.5 (12.5) years, disease duration 15.9 (14.6) years). Interviews were performed independently by both a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist on the same day and again after one week by one of them. The severity of the patients' problems was quantified on a qualifier scale ranging from 0 (no problem) to 4 (complete problem). Analyses of intra-rater and inter-rater agreement, kappa statistics, and Rasch analyses were applied.Mean intra-rater (inter-rater) complete agreement for all categories was seen in 59% (47%) of observations, ranging from 29% (0%) to 96% (80%) for individual categories. Weighted kappa statistics with value > or =0.4 showed reliability in 86% of categories within raters, and in 43% of categories between raters. Improved inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was observed with a reduced number of qualifiers for the categories.Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the ICF Core Set of RA was low to moderate. The metric of the qualifiers' scale may be improved by reducing the number of qualifiers to three for all components.
Effect of delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping on neonatal outcomes and iron status at 4 months: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: O. Andersson, L. Hellstrom-Westas, D. Andersson, M. Domellof
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping, compared with early clamping, on infant iron status at 4 months of age in a European setting. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Swedish county hospital. <b>Participants</b> 400 full term infants born after a low risk pregnancy. <b>Intervention</b> Infants were randomised to delayed umbilical cord clamping (≥180 seconds after delivery) or early clamping (≤10 seconds after delivery). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Haemoglobin and iron status at 4 months of age with the power estimate based on serum ferritin levels. Secondary outcomes included neonatal anaemia, early respiratory symptoms, polycythaemia, and need for phototherapy. <b>Results</b> At 4 months of age, infants showed no significant differences in haemoglobin concentration between the groups, but infants subjected to delayed cord clamping had 45% (95% confidence interval 23% to 71%) higher mean ferritin concentration (117 μg/L<i> v</i> 81 μg/L, P&lt;0.001) and a lower prevalence of iron deficiency (1 (0.6%) <i>v</i> 10 (5.7%), P=0.01, relative risk reduction 0.90; number needed to treat=20 (17 to 67)). As for secondary outcomes, the delayed cord clamping group had lower prevalence of neonatal anaemia at 2 days of age (2 (1.2%) <i>v</i> 10 (6.3%), P=0.02, relative risk reduction 0.80, number needed to treat 20 (15 to 111)). There were no significant differences between groups in postnatal respiratory symptoms, polycythaemia, or hyperbilirubinaemia requiring phototherapy. <b>Conclusions</b> Delayed cord clamping, compared with early clamping, resulted in improved iron status and reduced prevalence of iron deficiency at 4 months of age, and reduced prevalence of neonatal anaemia, without demonstrable adverse effects. As iron deficiency in infants even without anaemia has been associated with impaired development, delayed cord clamping seems to benefit full term infants even in regions with a relatively low prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical Trials NCT01245296.
Modelling the cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent tuberculosis in child contacts in a high-burden setting
Authors: Anna M Mandalakas, Anneke C Hesseling, Robert P Gie, H S Schaaf, Ben J Marais, Edina Sinanovic
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> WHO recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for young children in close contact with an infectious tuberculosis (TB) case. No models have examined the cost effectiveness of this recommendation. <h3>Methods</h3> A decision analysis model was developed to estimate health and economic outcomes of five TB infection screening strategies in young household contacts. In the no-testing strategy, children received IPT based on age and reported exposure. Other strategies included testing for infection with a tuberculin skin test (TST), interferon γ release assay (IGRA) or IGRA after TST. Markov modelling included age-specific disease states and probabilities while considering risk of re-infection in a high-burden country. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 0–2-year-old cohort, the no-testing strategy was most cost effective. The discounted societal cost of care per life year saved ranged from US$237 (no-testing) to US$538 (IGRA only testing). Among the 3–5-year-old cohort, strategies employing an IGRA after a negative TST were most effective, but were associated with significant incremental cost (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio &gt;US$233 000), depending on the rate of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Screening for <i>M tuberculosis</i> infection and provision of IPT in young children is a highly cost-effective intervention. Screening without testing for <i>M tuberculosis</i> infection is the most cost-effective strategy in 0–2-year-old children and the preferred strategy in 3–5-year-old children. Lack of testing capacity should therefore not be a barrier to IPT delivery. These findings highlight the cost effectiveness of contact tracing and IPT delivery in young children exposed to TB in high-burden countries.
Treatment of asthma with lipid extract of New Zealand green-lipped mussel: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: A. Emelyanov, G. Fedoseev, O. Krasnoschekova, A. Abulimity, T. Trendeleva, P.J. Barnes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways mediated, at least in part, by leukotrienes and other lipid mediators. Experimental studies have shown that lipid extract of New Zealand green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus , is effective in inhibiting 5′-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways responsible for production of eicosanoids, including leukotrienes and prostaglandins. The aim of this study was to assess its effect on symptoms, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in expired breath condensate as a marker of airway inflammation in patients with steroid-naïve atopic asthma in a double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Forty six patients with atopic asthma received two capsules of lipid extract (Lyprinol®) or placebo b.i.d. for 8 weeks. Each capsule of lipid extract contained 50 mg ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and 100 mg olive oil, whereas placebo capsules contained only 150 mg olive oil. There was a significant decrease in daytime wheeze, the concentration of exhaled H 2 O 2 and an increase in morning PEF in the lipid extract group compared to the placebo group. There were no significant side-effects. The authors conclude that lipid extract of New Zealand green-lipped mussel may have some beneficial effect in patients with atopic asthma.
Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis Identified Cyclin D1 as a Target Oncogene at 11q13.3 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Angela Bik-Yu Hui, Yvonne Yan-Yan Or, Hirokuni Takano, Raymond King-Yin Tsang, Ka-Fai To, Xin-Yuen Guan, Jonathan Shun-Tong Sham, Katherine Wing-Ki Hung, Cleo Nga-Yee Lam, Charles Andrew van Hasselt, Wen-Lin Kuo, Joe W. Gray, Dolly P. Huang, Kwok-Wai Lo
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia. To unveil the molecular basis of this endemic disease, high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization arrays were used for systematic investigation of genomic abnormalities in 26 nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples. A comprehensive picture of genetic lesions associated with tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was generated. Consistent chromosomal gains were frequently found on 1q, 3q, 8q, 11q, 12p, and 12q. High incidences of nonrandom losses were identified on chromosomes 3p, 9p, 11q, 14q, and 16q. In addition to previously characterized regions, we have identified several novel minimal regions of gains, including 3q27.3-28, 8q21-24, 11q13.1-13.3, and 12q13, which may harbor candidate nasopharyngeal carcinoma–associated oncogenes. In this study, gain of 11q13.1-13.3 was the most frequently detected chromosomal aberration and a 5.3-Mb amplicon was delineated at this region. Within this 11q13 amplicon, concordant amplification and overexpression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) oncogene was found in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, xenografts, and primary tumors. Knockdown of cyclin D1 by small interfering RNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines led to significant decrease of cell proliferation. The findings suggest that cyclin D1 is a target oncogene at 11q13 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its activation plays a significant role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumorigenesis.
Q-switched laser depigmentation in vitiligo, most effective in active disease
Authors: L. Komen, L. Zwertbroek, S.J. Burger, J.P.W. van der Veen, M.A. de Rie, A. Wolkerstorfer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

In widespread vitiligo, when repigmentation therapies are no longer feasible, Q-switched lasers can be used to remove the remaining disfiguring pigmentation. However, little literature is available on the long-term effects of Q-switched laser treatment in patients with vitiligo, and the variables influencing the effect of treatment are unknown.To evaluate retrospectively the effectiveness, safety and patient satisfaction of Q-switched ruby (QSR) laser-induced depigmentation in widespread vitiligo.We performed a retrospective study on well-documented patients with vitiligo with widespread lesions who received depigmentation therapy with the QSR laser between 2000 and 2012 in our institute. Eligible patients were asked to visit our institute for assessment of depigmentation and to fill in a questionnaire on patient satisfaction and disease variables.After a mean follow-up of 13 months, 48% of the 27 included patients showed > 75% depigmentation. Patients with active disease at the time of treatment had significantly better results than patients with stable disease (P < 0·05). Twenty-three (85%) patients were satisfied after treatment. Eighteen patients (67%) reported temporary side-effects after treatment. None of the patients reported adverse effects, such as scars or infections.Q-switched ruby laser therapy is effective in approximately half of patients treated; it is a safe treatment with a high patient satisfaction. Patients with active vitiligo show better results after treatment than patients with stable vitiligo. Therefore, in patients with stable vitiligo resistant to trial treatment, we advise postponing treatment until their vitiligo becomes active.
Glial Control of Neuronal Development
Authors: Greg Lemke
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2001)

▪ Abstract Reciprocal interactions between differentiating glial cells and neurons define the course of nervous system development even before the point at which these two cell types become definitively recognizable. Glial cells control the survival of associated neurons in both Drosophila and mammals, but this control is dependent on the prior neuronal triggering of glial cell fate commitment and trophic factor expression. In mammals, the growth factor neuregulin-1 and its receptors of the ErbB family play crucial roles in both events. Similarly, early differentiating neurons and their associated glia rely on reciprocal signaling to establish the basic axon scaffolds from which neuronal connections evolve. The importance of this interactive signaling is illustrated by the action of glial transcription factors and of glial axon guidance cues such as netrin and slit, which together regulate the commissural crossing of pioneer axons at the neural midline. In these and related events, the defining principle is one of mutually reinforced and mutually dependent signaling that occurs in a network of developing neurons and glia.
Urinary Excretion of C3 Antigen in Glomerulonephritis
Authors: B. D. Williams, A. R. Clarkson, P. G. Row, R. J. Groves, J. S. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1974)

C3 and fibrin degradation products (F.D.P.) have been measured in early morning urine samples from 38 normal people and 123 patients with glomerulonephritis. Normal urine contained less than 0·3 μg of either antigen per ml. C3 and F.D.P. were both detected in the urine of many patients with glomerulonephritis. Levels above 1 μg/ml were exceptional in patients with “minimal change,” and the highest excretion of both antigens occurred in mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, membranous nephropathy, and focal glomerulosclerosis. Both C3 and F.D.P. excretion showed considerable variation with time, with parellel fluctuations in the two antigens. These fluctuations did not depend on the total protein leakage and suggest that the complement and clotting sequence are closely related in these glomerular disorders.
Incidence Rates of Cancer in Kyadondo County, Uganda, 1954–1960
Authors: J. N. P. Davies, M.D., J. Knowelden, M.D., D.P.H., Barbara A. Wilson, B.Sc.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

The results of a 7-year (1954–60) survey of cancer in Kampala, Uganda, East Africa, are reported. The site and type pattern of cancer in Uganda differs from that of Western countries and even from that of other parts of Africa. There were notable deficiencies of those cancers that produce the rapid rise in cancer incidence rates with age in Western communities, and though the cancer incidence in Uganda rose with age in the younger age groups it leveled off, and then fell in the older age groups. The implications of these findings are discussed. They point to the overwhelming importance of environmental factors as producers of cancer, and the hope is expressed that much human cancer, particularly in the older age groups, may be preventable.
Biochemical Correlates of Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: K. G. NAIR, A. F. CUTILLETTA, RADOVAN ZAK, TADASHI KOIDE, MURRAY RABINOWITZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Cardiac hypertrophy occurred in mature rats after producing supravalvular aortic stenosis with a specially designed silver clip. For 2 weeks following this procedure, heart weight, body weight, and RNA content of the myocardium were serially determined. Heart weight and RNA content increased within 24 hours of aortic banding, reaching a maximal level in 2 days and remaining elevated during the 2 weeks of observation. Nuclei were isolated and purified from heart muscle homogenates, and changes in RNA polymerase activity following aortic banding were determined. The nearest neighbor frequency of the bases of the RNA synthesized by the polymerase from nuclear preparations was identical in both the banded animals and the sham-operated controls. Both groups could thus be compared on the basis of the enzyme assay. RNA polymerase activity in nuclei from the hearts of banded rats rose rapidly when compared with the activity in sham-operated rats; peak values were reached on the second day, the earliest detectable change being around 12 hours. The increase in RNA polymerase activity represents one of the earliest biochemical events that take place in the myocardium following aortic banding.
<i>FAS</i> Death Domain Deletions and Cellular FADD-like Interleukin 1β Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Protein (Long) Overexpression: Alternative Mechanisms for Deregulating the Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Subtypes
Authors: Hidenobu Takahashi, Friedrich Feuerhake, Jeffery L. Kutok, Stefano Monti, Paola Dal Cin, Donna Neuberg, Jon C. Aster, Margaret A. Shipp
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL) arise from normal antigen-exposed B cells at germinal center (GC) or post-GC stages of differentiation. Negative selection of normal low-affinity or self-reactive GC B-cells depends on CD95 (FAS)-mediated apoptosis. FAS mutations that result in deletion of the cytoplasmic death domain destabilize the trimeric receptor and inhibit FAS-mediated apoptosis. This apoptotic pathway is also inhibited when the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) target, cellular FADD-like interleukin 1beta converting enzyme inhibitory protein (cFLIP), interacts with the death-inducing signaling complex, assembled around the FAS death domain. Herein, we ask whether FAS death domain mutations and NFkappaB-mediated overexpression of cFLIP represent alternative mechanisms for deregulating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in LBCL subtypes defined by gene expression profiling [oxidative phosphorylation, B-cell receptor/proliferation, and host response diffuse LBCLs and primary mediastinal LBCLs].The FAS receptor was sequenced, FAS death domain mutations identified, and cFLIP expression assessed in a series of primary LBCLs with gene expression profiling-defined subtype designations and additional genetic analyses [t(14;18) and t(3;v)].FAS death domain deletions were significantly more common in oxidative phosphorylation tumors, which also have more frequent t(14;18), implicating structural abnormalities of either the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway in this diffuse LBCL subtype. In marked contrast, host response tumors, which have up-regulation of multiple NFkappaB target genes and increased NFkappaB activity, express significantly higher levels of cFLIP(long).These data suggest that the gene expression profiling-defined LBCL subtypes have different mechanisms for deregulating FAS-mediated cell death and, more generally, that these tumor groups differ with respect to their underlying genetic abnormalities.
The Host Defense of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
Authors: Bruno Lemaitre, Jules Hoffmann
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2007)

To combat infection, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster relies on multiple innate defense reactions, many of which are shared with higher organisms. These reactions include the use of physical barriers together with local and systemic immune responses. First, epithelia, such as those beneath the cuticle, in the alimentary tract, and in tracheae, act both as a physical barrier and local defense against pathogens by producing antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species. Second, specialized hemocytes participate in phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign intruders in the hemolymph. Finally, the fat body, a functional equivalent of the mammalian liver, produces humoral response molecules including antimicrobial peptides. Here we review our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying Drosophila defense reactions together with strategies evolved by pathogens to evade them.