tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Insights Into the Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ellen Hoffmann, Neil Sulke, Nils Edvardsson, Jacob Ruiter, Thorsten Lewalter, Alessandro Capucci, Andreas Schuchert, Sabine Janko, John Camm
Journal: Circulation (2006)

This study investigated onset scenarios of atrial fibrillation (AF), the first phase of the Atrial Fibrillation Therapy (AFT) trial, to determine potential arrhythmogenic triggers as targets for atrial pacing algorithms that have been proposed for prevention of AF.Ninety-eight patients (58 men; age 65+/-11 years) with recurrent, symptomatic, drug-refractory AF and a conventional pacemaker indication in 31 of 98 received a dual-chamber pacemaker. Using novel diagnostic pacemaker features AF onset scenarios were prospectively evaluated in 612 AF episodes during a 2-month monitoring period, with atrial pacing limited to 40 bpm. The most common onset scenario was premature atrial complexes (PACs) before AF (48% onsets per patient), followed by bradycardia (33%), sudden onset (17%), and tachycardia (0%). Combinations of onset scenarios were frequent (median 2 different scenarios per patient). A main study finding was the significance of repetitive AF, with 33% of onsets per patient being initiated within 5 minutes of a previous AF episode. Sudden onsets were more frequent among patients with than without repetitive AF (24% versus 0% onsets per patient, P=0.011), whereas the proportion of PACs before AF was not statistically different (50% versus 37%, P=0.52); however, patients with repetitive AF had more PACs per hour (72 versus 29, P=0.023) and a higher number of AF episodes per day (17 versus 0, P=0.001) and were more likely to have at least 1 PAC-related onset (90% versus 53%, P<0.0001).Novel diagnostic pacemaker features allowed a detailed individual analysis of rate and rhythm changes before AF and thus uncovered a substantial intraindividual and interindividual variability of AF onset scenarios.
King's model for allocating service increment for teaching and research (SIFTR).
Authors: G. B. Clack, G. Bevan, T. J. Peters, A. L. Eddleston
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Teaching hospitals are more expensive than non- teaching hospitals.This is recognised by the Depart- ment of Health, which pays additional resource, the service increment for teaching and research (SIFTR), to compensate them for the extra costs incurred in providing service facilities to support undergraduate teaching and research.Since the NHS reforms in April 1990 this resource has to be targeted at where teaching and research actually happen and set against a medical education contract.Previously it was part of the provider unit's global budget and not allocated separately.Our medical school has developed a model for the distribution of SIFTR taking into account the recom- mendations of the steering group on undergraduate medical and dental education.These recommendations were, firstly, that the universities and the NHS should be discouraged from attempting to disaggregate the "knock for knock" arrangements between the hospital and school in respect of medical staff time and, secondly, that the following factors should affect how costs arise: the quantity and intensity of teaching activity; the extent of non-commercially funded research activity; the higher infrastructural costs of hospitals supporting teaching and research; and the extent to which teaching and research require higher numbers ofcomplex cases and more complex treatment of straightforward cases.'
Early Therapy Evaluation of Combined Anti–Death Receptor 5 Antibody and Gemcitabine in Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor Xenografts by Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hyunki Kim, Desiree E. Morgan, Donald J. Buchsbaum, Huadong Zeng, William E. Grizzle, Jason M. Warram, Cecil R. Stockard, Lacey R. McNally, Joshua W. Long, Jeffrey C. Sellers, Andres Forero, Kurt R. Zinn
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Early therapeutic efficacy of anti–death receptor 5 antibody (TRA-8) combined with gemcitabine was measured using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in an orthotopic pancreatic tumor model. Groups 1 to 4 of severe combined immunodeficient mice (n = 5–7 per group) bearing orthotopically implanted, luciferase-positive human pancreatic tumors (MIA PaCa-2) were subsequently (4–5 weeks thereafter) injected with saline (control), gemcitabine (120 mg/kg), TRA-8 (200 μg), or TRA-8 combined with gemcitabine, respectively, on day 0. DWI, anatomic magnetic resonance imaging, and bioluminescence imaging were done on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 after treatment. Three tumors from each group were collected randomly on day 3 after imaging, and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was done to quantify apoptotic cellularity. At just 1 day after starting therapy, the changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in tumor regions for group 3 (TRA-8) and group 4 (TRA-8/Gem) were 21 ± 9% (mean ± SE) and 27 ± 3%, respectively, significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than those of group 1 (−1 ± 5%) and group 2 (−2 ± 4%). There was no statistical difference in tumor volumes for the groups at this time. The mean ADC values of groups 2 to 4 gradually increased over 3 days, which were concurrent with tumor volume regressions and bioluminescence signal decreases. Apoptotic cell densities of tumors in groups 1 to 4 were 0.7 ± 0.4%, 0.6 ± 0.2%, 3.1 ± 0.9%, and 4.7 ± 1.0%, respectively, linearly proportional to the ADC changes on day 1. Further, the ADC changes were highly correlated with the previously reported mean survival times of animals treated with the same agents and doses. This study supports the clinical use of DWI for pancreatic tumor patients for early assessment of drug efficacy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8369–76]
Deformability and spectrin properties in three types of elongated red cells
Authors: Joseph E. Smith, Narla Mohandas, Margaret R. Clark, Alfred C. Greenquist, Stephen B. Shohet
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Three types of unusual, elongated erythrocytes have been studied in our effort to understand factors that regulate the shape and deformability of red blood cells. Measurements of deformability, morphologic response to membrane‐shape‐altering drugs, spectrin phosphorylation, spectrin extractability, and casein kinase activity were measured in llama cells, irreversibly sickled cells, and nonhemolytic human elliptocytes. The results of these studies support the concept that the physical properties of spectrin are important in maintaining the shape and deformability of the erythrocyte. Furthermore, changes in spectrin extractability and phosphorylation appear to be associated with changes in the viscoelastic properties of the membrane. However, it seems that spectrin's regulatory role is permissive rather than direct and active.
Students' Mental Health
Authors: R. F. Heller
Journal: BMJ (1965)

A conceptual biologic model was developed and used to analyze the behavior of <sup>123</sup>I-Lym-1 monoclonal antibody against African human B cell lymphoma in patients with B cell lymphoma. Originally, the observed data could not be simulated with parameters for homologous immunoglobulins reported in the literature because of a major processor that was capable of distinguishing this murine immunoglobulin from the patient9s own immunoglobulins. With a nonlinear parametric model, the data observed in patients could be fitted to the model. The nonlinear parameter determined the transfer of antibody from the intravascular to a processor compartment, primarily the liver. This transfer was a function of the number of free receptors in the processor. Model simulated curves for the time course of concentration of antibody in the blood for different amounts of injected antibody revealed that blood clearance of radiolabeled antibody was profoundly decreased by increased amount of injected antibody. This model provides an explanation for the observations that tumor imaging is improved with injection of larger amounts of antibody, and a basis for modifying the pharmacokinetic behavior of an antibody in order to optimize radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy.
The scintigraphic characteristics of ventricular pre-excitation through mahaim fibers with the use of phase analysis
Authors: Norberto Schechtmann, Elias H. Botvinick, Michael Dae, Melvin M. Scheinman, J. William O'Connell, Jesse Davis, Stuart Winston, Allan Schwartz, Joseph Abbott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Secondary cases of meningococcal infection among close family and household contacts in England and Wales, 1984-7.
Authors: R. P. Cooke, T. Riordan, D. M. Jones, M. J. Painter
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the incidence of secondary meningococcal infection in close family and household contacts of index patients and to review the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis the records of 3256 cases occurring from 1984 through 1987 were examined. Seventeen secondary cases (0.5%) of infection were identified among these groups. The median interval between index and secondary cases was seven weeks. Fourteen secondary cases occurred more than one week after the disease was diagnosed in the index case. Three secondary cases had not received chemoprophylaxis and in another case the infecting strain had acquired resistance to rifampicin. Prophylaxis for the close contacts of 10 out of 11 of the remaining index patients failed to fulfil all the criteria of an optimal regimen. Even after optimal chemoprophylaxis the medical practitioner and the family should be aware of the increased and prolonged risk of secondary meningococcal infection among close contacts of patients with the disease.
Immunoregulatory abnormalities in evans syndrome
Authors: Winfred Wang, Henry Herrod, Ching‐Hon Pui, Gerald Presbury, Judith Wilimas
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Immune function in six patients with Evans syndrome (Coombs‐positive hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia) was compared to that in seven with chronic ITP. The two groups differed in measurements of T‐cell subsets and immunoglobulin production. Evans syndrome patients had decreased T4 (T‐helper) (P = 0.025), increased T8 (T‐suppressor) (P = 0.008), and a decreased ratio of T4:T8 cells (P = 0.0009) when compared to controls. Results in chronic ITP Patients were similar to those in controls. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA levels and in vitro synthesis of IgG and/or IgM were decreased in most Evans syndrome patients. Diminished in vivo and in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in Evans syndrome is consistent with the decreased T4:T8 ratio in these patients. The altered T4:T8 ratio may represent an unsuccessful response to an autoimmune process in which the trigger is unknown.
Funding of audit of maternal and perinatal deaths has been suspended, UK agency reports
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK National Patient Safety Agency has told the consortium that was due to take over the national confidential inquiries into maternal and perinatal deaths on Friday 1 April that procurement arrangements have been stopped “with immediate effect” as part of a “review.”

The decision effectively halts the central review of data on these deaths in the United Kingdom, which has been conducted for the past 50 years and has resulted in important improvements in the care of women giving birth and their newborn babies.

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, together with the Royal College of Midwives and other professional organisations working in the field, have “urgently” contacted the chief medical officer for England to raise their concerns about the decision and to seek reassurance that central monitoring of maternal …
XV. Clinical Science Gets Enthroned
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1983)

What we now call clinical science started to flourish vigorously in the early years of the 20th century. Within a brief decade or so several important institutions were founded, the attitudes of leading physicians began to change, and a new awareness and expectancy affected laymen. These various aspects helped to lay the foundation of clinical science, but they did not come into being suddenly. Rather, they were the culmination of a long preparation, comparable to the way a butterfly emerges after a long course of development. Earlier essays in this series described some of the specific events that reflected the changes of the 1880s and 1890s. We must now focus more precisely on the continuity out of which clinical science developed. The whole story falls within a frame of about 40 years, from approximately 1870 to 1910, give or take a few years at either end. Within this period a
Structural and Evolutionary Innovation of the Heterodimerization Interface between USP and the Ecdysone Receptor ECR in Insects
Authors: T. Iwema, A. Chaumot, R. A. Studer, M. Robinson-Rechavi, I. M.L. Billas, D. Moras, V. Laudet, F. Bonneton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Understanding how the variability of protein structure arises during evolution and leads to new structure–function relationships ultimately promoting evolutionary novelties is a major goal of molecular evolution and is critical for interpreting genome sequences. We addressed this issue using the ecdysone receptor (ECR), a major developmental factor that controls development and reproduction of arthropods. The functional ECR is a heterodimer of two nuclear receptors: ECR, which binds ecdysteroids, and its obligatory partner ultraspirade (USP), which is orthologous to the retinoid X receptor of vertebrates. Both genes underwent a dramatic increase of evolutionary rate in Mecopterida, the major insect terminal group containing Dipteras and Lepidopteras. We therefore questioned the implication of this event in terms of coevolution of their dimerization interface.
Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes—Reply
Authors: Sherita Hill Golden, Mercedes R. Carnethon
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Severe headache and disturbed liver function during treatment with zimelidine.
Authors: J M Sommerville, E H McLaren, L M Campbell, J M Watson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Severe headache and disturbed liver function during treatment with zimelidineZimelidine is effective in the treatment of depression.'Both zimelidine and its pharmacologically active metabolite norzimelidine act by inhibiting the re-uptake of 5-hydroxytriptamine by neurones.2In comparison with tricyclic antidepressant drugs zimelidine is fairly free of side effects.'We report two cases in which adverse effects developed during a clinical trial of the drug. Case reportsCase 1-A 34-year-old woman was prescribed zimelidine 200 mg per day for depression of three months' duration.Two weeks later she was admitted
New perspectives on basic mechanisms in lung disease. 1. Lung injury, inflammatory mediators, and fibroblast activation in fibrosing alveolitis.
Authors: M N Sheppard, N K Harrison
Journal: Thorax (1992)

It is over 25 years since Scadding first defined the term fibrosing alveolitis. It has since been established that complex mechanisms underlie its pathogenesis, including epithelial and endothelial injury, vascular leakage, production of inflammatory cells and their mediators, and fibroblast activation. Only through a detailed knowledge of how these cellular and molecular events are interlinked will we learn how to combat this disease, which is notoriously resistant to present treatments. So far the only therapeutic advances have been refinements in immunosuppression, and even these treatments are frequently disappointing. We believe that future advances in treatment will come from the development of agents that protect endothelial and epithelial cells from further injury and agents that can inhibit release of inflammatory mediators. A better knowledge of the mechanisms of collagen gene activation and the biochemical pathways of collagen production may also allow the identification of vulnerable sites at which new treatments may be directed. A combined approach to modifying appropriate parts of both the inflammatory component and the fibroblast/collagen component should provide a new stimulus to research. Further epidemiological studies are also needed to identify the environmental causes of lung injury that initiate the cascade of events leading to interstitial fibrosis.
Alzheimer Disease Research Comes of Age&lt;subtitle&gt;The Pace Accelerates&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Marcelle Morrison-Bogorad
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Once considered a rare disorder, Alzheimer disease (AD) is now recognized as a major public health problem. In more than 90% of cases, AD develops after the age of 65 years (late-onset AD), with its prevalence doubling with every successive decade of life. There are cases of early-onset AD in which onset can range from the fourth decade of life until age 65 years, although these are much more rare. Despite these differences in age of onset, the clinical signature of the disease, as well as the neuropathology, is very similar in all cases. It is estimated that AD currently afflicts approximately 4 million Americans and that it occurs in nearly half of people aged 85 years and older. In addition, AD has a profound effect on the millions of spouses, relatives, and friends who make up the extensive informal network of those who provide care for people with this
Distinct features of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps
Authors: D. Polzehl, P. Moeller, H. Riechelmann, S. Perner
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Based on the presence of nasal polyps on endoscopy, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may be clinically divided in CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps. It is unclear, whether CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps represent different disease entities or just different stages of one single disease. In case of one disease, only minor histopathological differences between CRS with small early-stage polyps (CRSNP((+))) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSNP(-)) were expected.Patients with CRSNP((+)) confined to the infundibular region or CRSNP(-) were selected. Histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of ethmoidal mucosa was performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Frequency and distribution of eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, IgE(+) cells, macrophages, B- and T-cell subsets, natural killer cells, plasma cells and goblet cells were assessed. In addition, the thickness of the basal membrane was evaluated.Nine CRS patients without detectable polyps, and 11 patients with small early-stage polyps confined to the infundibular region were selected. Despite adjacent polyp stage, the amount of round cell infiltration (P < 0.05), number of eosinophils (P < 0.05), and plasma cells (P < 0.01) significantly differed in the ethmoidal specimens from patients of the two groups.Substantial histopathological differences were observed in ethmoidal mucosa of CRSNP((+)) and CRSNP(-) patients. Thus, the results of this investigation support the concept that CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps are two different disease entities rather than different stages of one single disease, but may also be interpreted as a higher degree of inflammation.
Ingestive and vocal mechanisms in birds: A parallel?
Authors: Jim Scanlan, Lesley Rogers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Parrots prepare for vocalization by a ventro-caudal retraction of the larynx. This laryngeal movement, which “frames” vocal sequences, is similar to a movement used by pigeons as a preparation for suction drinking. The air-pressure events involved in such movements can trigger either suction drinking or vocalization. This suggests a possible evolutionary link between these ingestive and vocal mechanisms.
Vitamin A deficiency is associated with hepatitis C virus chronic infection and with unresponsiveness to interferon-based antiviral therapy
Authors: Davide Bitetto, Nadia Bortolotti, Edmondo Falleti, Sara Vescovo, Carlo Fabris, Giovanna Fattovich, Annarosa Cussigh, Sara Cmet, Ezio Fornasiere, Elisa Ceriani, Mario Pirisi, Pierluigi Toniutto
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Recent data suggest that vitamin A modulates the expression of type I interferon receptor enhancing the antireplication effect of interferon-α on hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among patients with chronic HCV infection and to assess whether vitamin A deficiency could be associated with unresponsiveness to interferon-based antiviral therapy. The analysis included 199 consecutive treatment-naïve chronic HCV patients in whom pretreatment serum vitamin A and 25-OH vitamin D were measured; 119 healthy blood donors were used as controls. Median (interquartile range) serum vitamin A in HCV-positive patients was significantly lower than in controls: 256 ng/mL (128–440) versus 742 (624–942, P &lt; 0.0001). Overall sustained viral response was achieved in 122/199 patients, 46/109 infected by difficult to treat HCV genotypes. In these latter, 39/104 (37.5%) were nonresponders. At multivariate analysis, nonresponse to antiviral therapy was predicted by carriage of interleukin (IL)-28B T/* genotypes, baseline serum levels of γGT &gt;60 IU/mL, of HCV RNA &gt;600,000 IU/mL, of vitamin A ≤100 ng/mL, and a cumulative dose of ribavirin ≤80%. Seventeen patients (9.0%) had both serum levels of vitamin A ≤100 ng/mL and of vitamin D ≤20 ng/mL; the presence of a combined vitamin A and D deficiency was found to be a strong independent predictor of nonresponse to antiviral therapy. Conclusion : A high percentage of patients with chronic HCV infection have serum vitamin A deficiency. This condition is associated with nonresponse to antiviral therapy. (Hepatology 2013)
Change of prostaglandin E level in joint fluids after treatment with flurbiprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Authors: M Tokunaga, K Ohuchi, S Yoshizawa, S Tsurufuji, A Rikimaru, E Wakamatsu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The prostaglandin E (PGE) level in the knee joint fluid was determined by radioimmunoassay before and after anti-inflammatory therapy with flurbiprofen in 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 4 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The level of PGE in RA joint fluids before the anti-inflammatory treatment was 9.5-1.2 ng/ml and in proportion with the leucocyte count in the joint fluid. A marked decrease of the PGE level was attained with flurbiprofen treatment in 4 patients whose initial PGE levels had been higher than 3.2 ng/ml, while 4 patients with lower PGE levels, namely, 1.4-1.2 ng/ml, did not respond to the drug treatment. In all the OA patients the PGE levels was no higher than 1.5 ng/ml and refractory to the anti-inflammatory therapy.