tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of glomerular, tubular, and normal proteinuria: determinations of urinary excretion of β2-microglobulin, albumin, and total protein
Authors: Per A. Peterson, Per-Eric Evrin, Ingemar Berggård
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

A low molecular weight beta(2)-globulin (beta(2)-microglobulin), albumin, and total protein were measured in concentrated 24-hr urine specimens from 20 healthy subjects and 30 patients with clinical proteinuria of glomerular or tubular type. Classification of proteinuria was made on the basis of clinical diagnosis and size distribution of urinary proteins after gel chromatography. The molecular radii (Stokes' radii) of beta(2)-microglobulin and albumin, estimated by gel chromatography, were 15 A and 35 A. The average 24-hr urinary excretion in healthy subjects was 0.12 mg for beta(2)-microglobulin, 10 mg for albumin, and 80 mg for total protein. The patients with renal glomerular disorders had normal or only somewhat increased excretion of beta(2)-microglobulin, despite considerably increased excretion of albumin and total protein. Most of the patients with tubular dysfunction excreted large amounts of beta(2)-microglobulin, although they excreted normal or only slightly increased amounts of albumin and only moderately increased quantities of total protein. Consequently, the ratio or urinary albumin/urinary beta(2)-microglobulin was high in glomerular proteinuria (1100: 14,200), intermediate in normal proteinuria (33: 163), and low in tubular proteinuria (1.0: 13.3). Determinations of urinary clearances of beta(2)-microglobulin and albumin in four healthy subjects and 11 patients indicated that increased excretions of the two proteins were associated with increased clearances. The results suggest that quantitative determinations of urinary beta(2)-microglobulin and urinary albumin may be useful for detecting disorders of the renal handling of plasma proteins. The findings also seem to suggest a selective tubular reabsorption of the two proteins. Estimates on sera revealed a close correlation between serum levels of beta(2)-microglobulin and creatinine and also a greatly raised serum concentration of beta(2)-microglobulin after bilateral nephrectomy.
Immediate coronary angioplasty versus intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction: Left ventricular ejection fraction, hospital mortality and reinfarction
Authors: Menko Jan de Boer, Jan C.A. Hoorntje, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Stoffer Reiffers, Harry Suryapranata, Felix Zijlstra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Significance of Pediatric Endoscopy
Authors: G. Willital
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

With the necessity of direct investigations in younger and younger children difficulties and dangers in endoscopy arise. The reasons for these local difficulties are the anatomical-topographical situation, the specialized instruments and the different procedures in anesthesia. All these circumstances make a special technique necessary and an experience in assessing circumscribed lesions and wall alterations. Endoscopy is only possible by cooperation of the anesthetist, the pediatrician and the pediatric surgeon. It depends on local circumstances where endoscopy should be performed. There is no doubt about the necessity of endoscopy in children. However, endoscopy procedures must be performed with utmost caution and care, with a very critical sense of possible therapeutic procedures available and with a very strong indication.
Platelets and neutrophils are critical to the enhanced glomerular arachidonate metabolism in acute nephrotoxic nephritis in rats.
Authors: X Wu, J Pippin, J B Lefkowith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) is characterized by a marked increase in glomerular eicosanoid synthesis, which appears to play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disease model. In this study, we investigated the biochemical and cellular basis of this metabolic change. By examining the enzymatic conversion of exogenous substrates by intact glomeruli, we found that cyclooxygenase, TX synthase, and 5-lipoxygenase activities increased 4-, 8-, and 100-fold, respectively, in acute NTN. PGH2-PGE2 isomerase and leukotriene A4 hydrolase activities did not change. The cellular basis of these changes was examined using dissociated glomerular cells in vitro and by depleting platelets in vivo. Dissociated glomerular cells from nephritic glomeruli (largely mesangial cells and leukocytes) exhibited an enhanced arachidonate metabolism similar to intact nephritic glomeruli. Depletion of neutrophils (PMNs) from these cell preparations by 90% commensurately decreased 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity but had little effect on TX synthase activity. The recovered PMN fraction, however, did exhibit TX synthase activity. Immunocytochemical analysis of dissociated cells using an antiplatelet antibody demonstrated the presence of platelets, both adherent to cells and noncell associated. Depletion of platelets in vivo using this antibody substantially attenuated the increase in glomerular eicosanoid synthesis that accompanied NTN. Platelet depletion also decreased the influx of PMNs into the glomerulus by 50%. These data show that PMNs and platelets colocalize to the glomerulus in acute NTN and are coordinately essential to the increase in glomerular arachidonate metabolism.
A STUDY OF THE CENTRAL ACTION OF METRAZOL
Authors: B. LIBET, J. F. FAZEKAS, H. E. HIMWICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

The effects of metrazol on 10 curarized dogs were studied with the aid of the electroencephalograph. The electrical changes of the cortex, hypothalamus and medulla with metrazol, uncomplicated by asphyxia and muscular movements are described. The effects of a minimal convulsive dose could be prevented from developing by the injection of an appropriate amount of histamine. The mechanism for this inhibition is discussed. In the curarized (artificially respiring) animals, cerebral electrical changes appear with metrazol in the absence of any anoxemia. It is, therefore, suggested that a comparative study of the effects of metrazol in curarized and uncurarized patients could be used to determine the importance of anoxia in the therapeutic mechanism of metrazol treatment.
Incidence of primary Sjogren's syndrome in Slovenia
Authors: M Plesivcnik Novljan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To determine the annual incidence of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in Slovenia.All patients admitted to our department of rheumatology or referred to our outpatient clinic between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2002 owing to sicca symptoms or because of a suspicion of SS were examined. Our rheumatological department is the only tertiary referral centre for the Ljubljana region, which has a population of 599 895 Caucasian people. All patients were evaluated by the validated European criteria for SS. The exact 95% confidence interval (CI) based on binomial distribution was created for the incidence estimate.248 patients were examined; 71 of them (28.6%; 65 women, 6 men) were diagnosed as having pSS. Their mean (SD) age was 51.3 (14.5) years (range 19-78). The average annual incidence for pSS in our study population was calculated as 3.9 cases per 100 000 inhabitants (95% CI 1.1 to 10.2).The estimated annual incidence of pSS in Slovenia is 3.9/100 000.
Infant and neonatal pain: anaesthetists' perceptions and prescribing patterns
Authors: J. de Lima, A. R Lloyd-Thomas, R. F Howard, E. Sumner, T. M Quinn
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Until 10 years ago neonates and infants were assumed to be incapable of perceiving pain and seldom given analgesics for operations.1 Advances in neonatal analgesic pharmacology and neurobiology, including biochemical stress response studies, have prompted reconsideration of this approach.2

We studied the changes in attitude and practice among members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland since an original survey in 1988.3

A questionnaire designed to allow comparison with the 1988 survey3 was sent to the 151 members of the association from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Question 1 asked, “Do you think the following are able to perceive pain?” (a) newborn infants less than 1 week of age, (b) neonates aged 1 week to 1 month, (c) infants aged 1-3 months, (d) infants aged 3-12 months, and (e) …
European water treaty hailed as a milestone for public health
Authors: Paul Ress
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A treaty on water and health designed to reduce water related deaths and diseases in Europe entered into force this week. “It is the world's first legally binding treaty to prevent, control and reduce water related diseases,” said Marc Danzon, the World Health Organization regional director for Europe. “This treaty gives countries an effective mechanism for curbing the harm caused by unsafe water and unsafe sanitation.”

Lack of safe drinking water and poor sanitation threatens the health of millions of people in the European region, says WHO, which sponsored the treaty with the United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe. Nevertheless, most of the region's …
"Sawfish" systolic narrowing of the left anterior descending coronary artery: an angiographic sign of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: P Brugada, F W Bär, C de Zwaan, D Roy, M Green, H J Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The morphologic characteristics at coronary arteriography of systolic narrowing of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were evaluated in 14 patients. Six patients had systolic narrowing of the LAD not associated with other cardiac abnormalities (group A) and eight patients had systolic narrowing of the LAD associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (group B). Patients in group A showed a smooth and progressive constriction of the vessel up to the point of maximal stenosis, giving it a "rat-tail" appearance. There was no systolic narrowing of septal branches or of other epicardial vessels in this group. In patients of group B, systolic narrowing of the LAD had a "saw-fish" appearance. Seven patients had systolic narrowing of the septal branches, and five had systolic narrowing of other epicardial vessels. These data indicate that systolic narrowing of the LAD in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy differs angiographically from systolic narrowing due to an intramural course of a part of the vessel (as in group A patients). We postulate that in patients with hypertropic cardiomyopathy, fiber hypertrophy and disarray in the vicinity of the coronary vessels is responsible for the morphology and the widespread distribution of systolic narrowing.
Aspirin alone or combined with nadroparin did not increase live birth rates in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Christopher J. Robinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club19 October 2010Aspirin alone or combined with nadroparin did not increase live birth rates in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriageChristopher J. Robinson, MD, MSCRChristopher J. Robinson, MD, MSCRMedical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (C.J.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationKaandorp SP, Goddijn M, van der Post JA, et al. Aspirin plus heparin or aspirin alone in women with recurrent miscarriage. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1586-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20335572Clinical Impact RatingsHematology: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Christopher J. Robinson, MD, MSCRAffiliations: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (C.J.R.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 October 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChinese herbal medicines for unexplained recurrent miscarriageChinese herbal medicines for unexplained recurrent miscarriage 19 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 8Page: JC4-7KeywordsAnticoagulantsAspirinBirthBirth ratesMiscarriagePregnancyRandomized trialsSafetySafety studiesVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 19 October 2010 Issue Published: 19 October 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Kissing cousins but not identical twins: The denominator neglect and base-rate respect models
Authors: C. J. Brainerd
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Barbey &amp; Sloman's (B&amp;S's) base-rate respect model is anticipated by Reyna's denominator neglect model. There are parallels at three levels: (a) explanations are grounded in a general cognitive theory (rather than in domain-specific ideas); (b) problem structure is treated as a key source of reasoning errors; and most importantly, (c) nested set relations are seen as the cause of base-rate neglect.
Ventricular Function
Authors: ERIK BERGLUND, STANLEY J. SARNOFF, JAMES P. ISAACS
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The influence of the pericardium on cardiovascular phenomena has been examined and evaluated in the light of both ventricular function (modified Starling) curves and pressure-volume relationship of the pericardium. When the left ventricle is stressed, as by an increased aortic resistance, it dilates. The resulting pericardial tension limits right ventricular diastolic expansion and right ventricular work. By this mechanism pulmonary blood volume and pressures are kept at lower levels than would otherwise be present. The pericardium also protects against ventriculo-atrial regurgitation which may account for the observed descending limb of the classically conceived Starling curve.
Exercise-induced U-wave inversion as a marker of stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
Authors: M C Gerson, J F Phillips, S N Morris, P L McHenry
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The prevalence and cineangiographic correlates of exercise-induced inversion of U waves were studied in 248 patients. Exercise-induced U-wave inversion was observed in 36 patients (15%), of whom 35 had greater than or equal to 75% stenosis in one or more of the major coronary arteries. The proximal left anterior descending or left main coronary artery was involved in 33 of these patients, including 24 patients with no electrocardiographic evidence of anterior myocardial infarction. Exercise-induced U-wave inversion was observed in the absence of an abnormal resting 12-lead ECG. Only one of the 82 patients (1.2%) without significant coronary artery disease demonstrated exercise-induced U-wave inversion, and this patient had a primary cardiomyopathy. We conclude that exercise-induced inversion of the U-wave is highly predictiveof significant coronary artery disease and, more specifically, of disease of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery.
Potential External Contamination with Bisphenol A and Other Ubiquitous Organic Environmental Chemicals during Biomonitoring Analysis: An Elusive Laboratory Challenge
Authors: Xiaoyun Ye, Xiaoliu Zhou, Ryan Hennings, Joshua Kramer, Antonia M. Calafat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Biomonitoring studies are conducted to assess internal dose (i.e., body burden) to environmental chemicals. However, because of the ubiquitous presence in the environment of some of these chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA), external contamination during handling and analysis of the biospecimens collected for biomonitoring evaluations could compromise the reported concentrations of such chemicals.We examined the contamination with the target analytes during analysis of biological specimens in biomonitoring laboratories equipped with state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation.We present several case studies using the quantitative determination of BPA and other organic chemicals (i.e., benzophenone-3, triclosan, parabens) in human urine, milk, and serum to identify potential contamination sources when the biomarkers measured are ubiquitous environmental contaminants.Contamination with target analytes during biomonitoring analysis could result from solvents and reagents, the experimental apparatus used, the laboratory environment, and/or even the analyst. For biomonotoring data to be valid-even when obtained from high-quality analytical methods and good laboratory practices-the following practices must be followed to identify and track unintended contamination with the target analytes during analysis of the biological specimens: strict quality control measures including use of laboratory blanks; replicate analyses; engineering controls (e.g., clean rooms, biosafety cabinets) as needed; and homogeneous matrix-based quality control materials within the expected concentration ranges of the study samples.
Risks of allergic reactions to biotech proteins in foods: perception and reality
Authors: S. B. Lehrer, G. A. Bannon
Journal: Allergy (2005)

In recent years, significant attention has been paid to the use of biotechnology to improve the quality and quantity of the food supply due in part to the projected growth in the world population, plus limited options available for increasing the amount of land under cultivation. Alterations in the food supply induced by classical breeding and selection methods typically involve the movement of large portions of genomic DNA between different plant varieties to obtain the desired trait. This is in contrast to techniques of genetic engineering which allows the selection and transfers specific genes from one species to another. The primary allergy risk to consumers from genetically modified crops may be placed into one of three categories. The first represents the highest risk to the allergic consumer is the transfer of known allergen or cross‐reacting allergen into a food crop. The second category, representing an intermediate risk to the consumer, is the potential for replacing the endogenous allergenicity of a genetically‐modified crop. The last category involves expression of novel proteins that may become allergens in man and generally represents a relatively low risk to the consumer, although this possibility has received attention of late. In order to mitigate the three categories of potential allergy risk associated with biotech crops, all genes introduced into food crops undergo a series of tests designed to determine if the biotech protein exhibits properties of known food allergens. The result of this risk assessment process to date is that no biotech proteins in foods have been documented to cause allergic reactions. These results indicate that the current assessment process is robust, although as science of allergy and allergens evolves, new information and new technology should help further the assessment process for potential allergenicity.
Secondary prevention trials using clofibrate: a joint commentary on the Newcastle and Scottish trials.
Authors: H A Dewar, M F Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Smtoki'ng Habi'ts ont Enitry Cigarettes graded 1-10, 11-20, and Cigarettes graded I-15 and > 15/1day >20/'dayI Clofibrate 1-5 or 2 g daily according to weight M'ven received 1-6 or 2 g daily according to weight.Women received 1-6 g daily P'lacebo Corn oil
Improved technology steps into gait analysis
Authors: T. Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Resection rates in lung cancer
Authors: A. PHILLIPS, G. LAWRENCE, C M LAROCHE
Journal: Thorax (1999)

The case history is described of a young woman who presented with primary pulmonary hypertension and non-specific inflammatory signs.The patient received prolonged immunosuppressive treatment with low dose methotrexate and prednisone without any vasodilator agent.After one year the pulmonary artery pressure fell from a mean value of 47 mm Hg to 30 mm Hg and there was a corresponding clinical response.This case suggests that, in patients with pulmonary hypertension of unknown origin, immunopathogenetic factors should be sought in order to consider the utility of immunosuppressive therapy.
454 Simple blood tests can predict advanced liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B virus chronic infection
Authors: R.J. Cawalho Filho, L.L. Schiavon, J.L. Narciso, K.H. Nishivama, N.J. Cara, V.P. Lanzoni, M.L. Ferraz, A.E. Silva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Adrenergic Control of Serum Potassium
Authors: Epstein Fh, Rosa Rm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

THE behavior of excitable cells like those in muscles and nerves, of secretory cells like those in the kidney or gastrointestinal tract, and indeed of all the body's cells, whatever their function, depends critically on the electrical potential across their plasma membranes. Because this is largely determined by the ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium (and therefore in a practical sense, chiefly by the extracellular potassium concentration), a number of biologic mechanisms have evolved to regulate the concentration of potassium in serum. Renal excretion is a dominating influence in adjusting the daily external potassium balance. But extrarenal devices1 , 2 must be . . .