tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S39 Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate alveolar macrophage polarisation<i>In vivo</i>and<i>in vitro</i>
Authors: T Morrison, DF McAuley, C O'Kane, MA Matthay
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Rationale</h3> ALI is characterised by dysregulated and excessive pulmonary inflammation. Macrophages are key cellular mediators of the lung innate immune response. It is recognised that macrophages can be polarised towards an M1 (implicated in driving inflammation and the development of ALI) or an M2 (responsible for the resolution of inflammation) phenotype. We have previously reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment is protective in several models of ALI. To effectively translate MSCs into clinical practice, a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating their effect is needed. The current studies were undertaken to test if human MSCs have a role in polarising alveolar macrophages towards an M2 phenotype <i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>In vivo</i> studies were preformed using a mouse model of <i>E.coli</i> pneumonia. C57BL/6 mice were administered 10<sup>6 </sup>CFU of <i>E. coli</i> intratracheally (IT), treatment with MSC was given IT 4 h later. BAL cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. For <i>in vitro</i> studies MSC and AM were co-cultured without cell contact, using a Transwell system. Expression of cell surfaceCD206 (mannose receptor, widely accepted to be a marker for M2 activation) and phagocytic activity were assessed by Flow Cytometry both <i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. <h3>Results</h3> In the <i>In vivo</i> model of <i>E.coli</i> pneumonia, hMSC treatment demonstrated reduction in the severity of lung injury, improved bacterial clearance and reduced TNF-α levels in the BAL 24 h after infection, compare to PBS-treated animals. hMSC administration was associated with significant up-regulation of CD206 on AM (<b>Figure 1</b>). In addition, <i>in vitro</i> co-culture with hMSC markedly decreased LPS-induced TNF-α secretion by mouse AM, significantly up-regulated their expression of CD206 and enhanced their phagocytic activity towards bacteria. Interestingly, co-culture with MSC was associated with marked up-regulation of AM expression of CD11b and CD11c, both of which (among other functions) mediate bacterial phagocytosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Bone marrow-derived hMSCs have the capacity to change the phenotype and functional properties of alveolar macrophages. hMSCs drive the polarisation of AMs towards a less inflammatory state but at the same time have the unique capacity to increase the capacity of AMs to phagocytose bacteria. Supported by NHLBI HL51854 (MAM)
Adipose tissue remodeling and obesity
Authors: Kai Sun, Christine M. Kusminski, Philipp E. Scherer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

To fulfill its role as the major energy-storing tissue, adipose has several unique properties that cannot be seen in any other organ, including an almost unlimited capacity to expand in a non-transformed state. As such, the tissue requires potent mechanisms to remodel, acutely and chronically. Adipocytes can rapidly reach the diffusional limit of oxygen during growth; hypoxia is therefore an early determinant that limits healthy expansion. Proper expansion requires a highly coordinated response among many different cell types, including endothelial precursor cells, immune cells, and preadipocytes. There are therefore remarkable similarities between adipose expansion and growth of solid tumors, a phenomenon that presents both an opportunity and a challenge, since pharmacological interventions supporting healthy adipose tissue adaptation can also facilitate tumor growth.
SARS, the Internet, and the<i>Journal</i>
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

On the Ides of March 2003, a physician was in transit from New York to Singapore by way of Germany. In Germany he was hospitalized and quarantined with a respiratory illness. The next day, the news media worldwide began to report on the spread of a major new infection, and suddenly attention everywhere focused on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). At the Journal on March 31, 2003, we posted two rigorously reviewed case series, one from Hong Kong and one from Toronto, on our Web site with editorial comment.1–3 A notice of this publication was sent to our e-mail . . .
When the Patient Paid
Authors: J. Kelley Avery
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mastoid Development in Ancient and Modern Populations
Authors: John B. Gregg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The effect of otitis media on the human mastoid process in a common milieu over a millennium was evaluated by comparing two present and four ancient populations. Temporal bone pneumatization patterns indicate that otitis media and mastoiditis existed in antiquity, and there were more altered pneumatization patterns in skulls from the era following European contact than from eras before European contact. Pneumatization patterns were similar in ancient skulls and in a preponderantly white male population mostly born before antibacterial availability. Both ancient and modern pre-antibacterial era temporal bones show more effect of otitis media during childhood than is found in present day schoolchildren. Reasons for differences are explored. It is inferred that upper respiratory tract infections were prevalent in the Upper Missouri River Basin during the past millennium. Furthermore, microbiological agents with virulence similar to today's flora were prevalent in this region more than 1,000 years ago.
An experimental animal model of Kashin-Beck disease.
Authors: G Q Zhang, J X Liu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Twelve young macaque monkeys were fed with grain and water from areas actively endemic or non-endemic for Kashin-Beck disease. Both dietary grain and water from geographical areas endemic for Kashin-Beck disease induced a sequence of pathological changes in the growth plates and articular cartilage and biochemical changes in the serum and urine of monkeys. These changes are similar to those in human Kashin-Beck disease. It is considered that this may be a simple and valuable model for the further study of this disease and its management and control. The results suggest that the pathogenetic factors of Kashin-Beck disease relate both to grain and to water in the diet in endemic areas. The experiment also shows that certain serum enzyme concentrations correlate with chondronecrosis.
Primary Care Safety-Net Delivery Sites in the United States
Authors: Christopher B. Forrest, Ellen-Marie Whelan
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The US primary care safety net is composed of a loose network of community health centers, hospital outpatient departments, and physicians' offices. National data on how the mix of patients and services differ across sites are needed.To develop and contrast national profiles of patient and service mix for primary care.Comparative analyses of 3 national surveys of primary care visits occurring in 1994: for data on physician's office visits, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS); for hospital outpatient department data, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS); and for data on community health centers, the Bureau of Primary Health Care's 1994 Survey of Visits to Community Health Centers. A time trend analysis also was conducted using the 1998 NAMCS and NHAMCS.National estimates of primary care visit rates, types of patient presentation, patient case-mix, disposition of patients, and management interventions in 1994, and compared with 1998 data.The US population made 1.3 primary care visits per person in 1994, which accounted for 43.5% of all ambulatory visits to physicians' offices, community health centers, and hospital outpatient departments. Primary care visits per person were 20% lower for Hispanics and 33% lower for black, non-Hispanic persons compared with white, non-Hispanic persons. Visits to community health centers were more likely to be made by ethnic minorities, patients with Medicaid or no insurance, and rural dwellers than visits made to the other delivery sites. Visits at hospital outpatient departments were made by sicker populations and were characterized by less continuity than the other delivery sites. Controlling for patient mix, visits made to hospital outpatient departments were more commonly associated with imaging studies, minor surgery, and specialty referrals than those made to physicians' offices. In 1998, the US population made an estimated 3. 4 visits per person, 45.6% of which were primary care visits. National estimates of primary care visit rates and patient mix and practice pattern comparisons between hospital outpatient departments and physicians' offices were similar in 1998 and 1994.Expanding community health centers will likely improve access to primary care for vulnerable US populations. However, enhancing access to of physicians' offices is also needed to bolster the safety net. The greater service intensity and poorer continuity for primary care visits in hospital outpatient departments that we observed raises concern about the suitability of these clinics as primary care delivery sites. JAMA. 2000;284:2077-2083.
Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men
Authors: Ernst J. Schaefer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To examine the relationship between elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in a prospective study.Nested case-control study. The cohort consisted of participants in the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial.Lipid research clinics.The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial participants (n = 3806) were men, aged 35 to 59 years, with plasma cholesterol levels of 6.85 mmol/L (265 mg/dL) or greater, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 4.91 mmol/L (190 mg/dL) or greater, and triglyceride levels less than 3.39 mmol/L. Subjects were randomly assigned to either cholestyramine or placebo treatment. The Lp(a) levels were measured in plasma samples obtained prior to randomization in 233 cases (participants who developed CHD in the course of the study) and 390 matched CHD-free controls. A total of 96.95% of the subjects were white, 2.25% were black, and 0.80% were of other race.Coronary heart disease (either fatal or nonfatal) events during a follow-up of 7 to 10 years.The Lp(a) levels were significantly higher (21%) in cases than in controls (23.7 mg/dL [0.59 mmol/L] and 19.5 mg/dL [0.49 mmol/L], respectively; P < .02). This difference was still statistically significant (P < .01) after controlling for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. When subjects were divided by treatment, both cholestyramine-treated and placebo-treated CHD subjects had Lp(a) levels 20% to 22% greater than their matched controls. However, possibly because of smaller sample sizes, these differences were no longer statistically significant.Our data are consistent with the concept that an elevated Lp(a) level is an independent risk factor for CHD in hypercholesterolemic white men.
Short-Term Psychotherapy, a Major Development for Patients and Psychotherapy
Authors: J. van Londen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

Research Articles| February 16 2010 Short-Term Psychotherapy, a Major Development for Patients and Psychotherapy Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology J. van Londen J. van Londen Ministerie van Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene, Leidschendam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1981) 35 (4): 221–223. https://doi.org/10.1159/000287502 Article history Published Online: February 16 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. van Londen; Short-Term Psychotherapy, a Major Development for Patients and Psychotherapy. Psychother Psychosom 1 April 1981; 35 (4): 221–223. https://doi.org/10.1159/000287502 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1981Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Accidental placement of a biliary endoprosthesis in the portal vein
Authors: H. van Buuren, J. Hermans, C. van Eijck
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 58-year old man presented with jaundice. Imaging studies showed a pancreatic mass suggesting cancer. A 7-Fr biliary endoprosthesis was introduced. Seven days later the man was readmitted with increasing jaundice, and exchange of the endoprosthesis was requested. The procedure was performed in an endoscopy room without radiography facilities. The endoprosthesis was removed; access to the biliary system seemed straightforward. Contrast injection with fluoroscopy showed duct dilatation and a 9-cm, 10-Fr endoprosthesis was introduced. Immediately, bleeding originating from the endoprosthesis was observed that stopped after 4 minutes. CT was performed ([Fig. 1]). The hemoglobin level remained stable. That same day pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. No bleeding problems were encountered upon removal of the endoprosthesis. Several thrombi were removed from the portal vein. At histopathology pancreatic adenocarcinoma was found. Seven years later there is no evidence to suggest residual or recurrent disease.
The Last Post
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

I can still remember my first meeting with Dr. Garland, which took place in his office on the Fenway, in April 1952. I was on my first visit to the United States as a traveling fellow and, having been editor of a small medical journal that had literally died under my care, I had the temerity to pay a courtesy call upon the editor of the New England Journal of Medicine. I explained to Dr. Garland that I had greatly enjoyed receiving his journal in exchange for the Clinical Journal, which I had edited for H. K. Lewis, . . .
Journals in Jeopardy
Authors: Michelle D. O'Connell
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I agree with Howard W. Huntington, MD (241:1327, 1979), that "something needs to be done to increase the readability and informational content" of journals. His points are well taken concerning the increase in physical size of journals, such as<i>Cancer</i>, and the price of journals, such as<i>Brain Research</i>. However, he failed to mention that libraries as well as the health professional feel the crunch, because libraries are running out of both the room to house the volumes and the money to purchase the new journal titles that come out each year. In 1970,<i>Index Medicus</i>indexed more than 2,200 journals; in 1979, there are more than 2,500 journals being indexed. In other words, approximately 30 new titles are added each year. This means that libraries will probably order some of the new titles and must find space to shelve the added volumes. More important, the libraries
Elevated endothelin-1 in heart failure and loss of normal response to postural change.
Authors: D J Stewart, P Cernacek, K B Costello, J L Rouleau
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The possible contribution of endothelin-1, a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, to neurohumoral compensation for hemodynamic stress was examined in nine normal volunteers and six patients with severe congestive heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma levels of endothelin-1 were measured with a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Venous blood samples were obtained after 90 minutes of supine rest and serially during 30 minutes of 60 degrees upright tilt. Endothelin-1 levels were compared with those of known neurohumoral mediators of compensation. In normal subjects, the resting levels of endothelin-1 were low (0.74 +/- 0.11 pg/ml), and there was a rapid increase to 1.37 +/- 0.07 pg/ml at 5 minutes of upright tilting (p less than 0.05). This increase was not sustained at 10 and 15 minutes of tilt, but there was a trend toward a second rise at 30 minutes (1.14 +/- 0.17 pg/ml; p = 0.06). This biphasic pattern of response was shared by dopamine and reflected the response of systemic blood pressure to postural change. In contrast, slower and more sustained increases in circulating levels were observed for norepinephrine, epinephrine, aldosterone, plasma renin activity, and vasopressin, whereas atrial natriuretic peptide tended to decrease progressively. Patients with congestive heart failure had markedly higher basal levels of circulating endothelin-1 than normal subjects (3.7 +/- 0.5 pg/ml; p less than 0.01), and there was no further increase on postural change. Similar patterns were observed for the other neurohumoral mediators measured, with the degree of blunting of the response to upright tilting in heart failure being inversely related to the magnitude of increase in basal levels. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in plasma levels of endothelin in congestive heart failure and in response to postural change were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the alterations of known mediators of neurohumoral compensation. In addition, the increase in plasma endothelin-1 during upright tilting in normal subjects preceded the increases in circulating levels of the other vasoconstrictor mediators, consistent with a role of endothelin-1 in neurohumoral compensation for hemodynamic stress.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Surgical Patients
Authors: Michael E. Zenilman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Attachments in general practice for hospital trainees.
Authors: D Cole
Journal: BMJ (1993)

department if it had not been for her close friend in whom she (solely) confided, who insisted that this could be dangerous and referred to the episode of Casualty, which had been screened the previous week.It was only when the friend detailed the fate of the young girl in the television series, who had taken an overdose of paracetamol and progressed to liver failure, that our patient reluctantly agreed to go to hospital.This patient had not viewed that episode of Casualty.In his recent editorial, Gary P Bray commented that increased public awareness of the dangers of paracetamol should at least lessen the risk of accidental overdosage.2Our case report supports his view that "aware" relatives or friends of overdose patients may be more likely to encourage prompt medical attention.The Casualty series influences patients and the general public in many different ways.Thankfully our patient did not develop anything more serious than a transient rise in her liver enzymes; however, the educational value of the programme may well have influenced her progress.