tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A phase II study of extended low-dose temozolomide in recurrent malignant gliomas
Authors: R. B. Khan, J. J. Raizer, M. G. Malkin, K. A. Bazylewicz, L. E. Abrey
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2002)

Temozolomide is an effective agent in the treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas. The standard dosage is 150-200 mg/m2 per day for 5 days in a 28-day cycle. A prior phase I study established a chronic daily temozolomide dose that significantly increased the total dose administered and suggested a superior response rate. In a prospective phase II trial, we treated 35 patients with recurrent malignant gliomas with temozolomide 75 mg/m2 per day for 42 consecutive days in a 70-day cycle. Median age was 55 years (range, 27-73 years) and median Karnofsky performance score was 70 (range, 60-90). Twenty-eight (79%) patients had glioblastoma multiforme, 3 (9%) anaplastic astrocytoma, 2 (6%) anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and 2 (6%) anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. All but one had prior radiotherapy, and 27 had prior chemotherapy. There were 2 partial (anaplastic astrocytoma) and 3 minor (glioblastoma multiforme) radiographic responses; 17 patients had progressive disease at the end of the first cycle. In 55 cycles of temozolomide, there were 8 episodes of asymptomatic drug-related grade 3 toxicity: 6 lymphopenia, 1 neutropenia, and 1 thrombocytopenia. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2.5 and 8.7 months (2.3 and 7.7 months in glioblastoma multiforme patients). At 6 months, progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 27% and 67% (19% and 60% in glioblastoma multiforme). Quality of life scores did not change significantly during treatment. We conclude that the extended low-dose schedule of temozolomide is well tolerated in heavily pre-treated patients; however, our results do not support an improved rate of response or survival.
Complications of mediastinal neural tumours
Authors: C. Parish
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Thirty-two mediastinal neural tumours were seen in the East Anglian Regional Thoracic Surgical Unit at Cambridge between October 1952 and July 1970. The descending order of frequency was neurofibroma, ganglioneuroma, neurilemmoma, neurofibrosarcoma, and neuroblastoma. The literature relating to these tumours is reviewed and the pathological and clinical complications encountered in this series and in the literature are described.
Ambient Particulate Pollutants in the Ultrafine Range Promote Early Atherosclerosis and Systemic Oxidative Stress
Authors: Jesus A. Araujo, Berenice Barajas, Michael Kleinman, Xuping Wang, Brian J. Bennett, Ke Wei Gong, Mohamad Navab, Jack Harkema, Constantinos Sioutas, Aldons J. Lusis, Andre E. Nel
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Air pollution is associated with significant adverse health effects, including increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) increases ischemic cardiovascular events and promotes atherosclerosis. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the smallest pollutant particles pose the greatest danger because of their high content of organic chemicals and prooxidative potential. To test this hypothesis, we compared the proatherogenic effects of ambient particles of <0.18 microm (ultrafine particles) with particles of <2.5 microm in genetically susceptible (apolipoprotein E-deficient) mice. These animals were exposed to concentrated ultrafine particles, concentrated particles of <2.5 microm, or filtered air in a mobile animal facility close to a Los Angeles freeway. Ultrafine particle-exposed mice exhibited significantly larger early atherosclerotic lesions than mice exposed to PM(2.5) or filtered air. Exposure to ultrafine particles also resulted in an inhibition of the antiinflammatory capacity of plasma high-density lipoprotein and greater systemic oxidative stress as evidenced by a significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde levels and upregulation of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes. We conclude that ultrafine particles concentrate the proatherogenic effects of ambient PM and may constitute a significant cardiovascular risk factor.
Infliximab Re-treatment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-Center Routine Clinical Experience
Authors: Julia T. Hughes, Hans H. Herfarth, Kim L. Isaacs, Scott E. Plevy, R. Balfour Sartor, Shehzad Z. Sheikh, Jonathan J. Hansen, Millie D. Long
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
The value of acoustic rhinometry in assessing nasal responses to cat exposure
Authors: Wanda Phipatanakul, Jana Kesavanathan, Peyton A. Eggleston, Elizabeth F. Johnson, Robert A. Wood
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) uses sonar principles to map the anatomy of the nasal cavity and has been used in other studies to assess acute airway responses to allergen exposure.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of AR in assessing acute airway responses to cat allergen exposure by using a well-characterized cat exposure model.Thirty subjects with a history of cat-induced rhinitis and a positive skin prick test response to cat allergen underwent an environmental cat challenge. Of these 30 subjects, 10 also had repeat challenges at lower levels of antigen to determine whether there was a dose response. Five subjects with negative skin test responses to cat were recruited as control subjects. During the 1-hour cat exposure, upper and lower respiratory symptoms were scored every 5 minutes, and spirometry and AR were obtained every 15 minutes.Although 29 of 30 subjects had changes in AR measurements, no correlations were detected between upper respiratory symptom scores and any of the changes observed in AR. In comparing the baseline challenges with lower antigen level challenges, upper respiratory symptom scores differed significantly (P = .002), whereas AR responses were nearly identical. Subjects without cat allergy did exhibit less response by AR (P = .05 to .13), but the greatest differences remained in the upper respiratory symptoms scores (P < .0001).We conclude that although AR does provide an objective measure of nasal response to allergen exposure, it has significant limitations. These are evidenced by the lack of correlation with symptoms, the inability to measure a dose response, and the changes noted even among the control subjects.
Prevention of pollen rhinitis symptoms: comparison of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray and disodium cromoglycate aqueous nasal spray
Authors: J. Bousquet, I. Chanal, M. C. Alquié, D. Charpin, A. Didier, J. Germouty, P. Greillier, M. H. Ickovic, Y. Maria, F. Montané, M. Perrin‐Fayolle, C. Seignalet, J. C. Severac, A. Vergnenégre, B. Aubert, J. Bons
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Fluticasone propionate aqueous spray, a new intranasal corticosteroid preparation, and disodium eromoglyeate 2% aqueous nasal spray, an established preventive treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis, were compared in a double‐blind, double‐dummy, parallel‐group, multicentric study in France. A total of 218 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by grass pollen (verified by positive skin prick test) were preventively treated before the onset of the grass pollen season with either fluticasone propionate 200 μg once daily or disodium cromoglycate 5.2 mg four times daily. Half of these doses was given in each nostril. Treatment started before the onset of the pollen season in most patients (178/218). Diary cards, including symptoms of rhinitis and usage of nasal sprays, were filled in twice daily for 5 weeks. Terfenadine in 60‐mg tablets and eye‐drops could be used as rescue medications. We treated 110 patients with fluticasone propionate and 108 patients with disodium cromoglycate. Patients treated with flutieasone propionate had significantly more days free of primary efficacy symptoms of sneezing ( P &lt; 0.001) and nasal discharge during the day ( P = 0.002), as well as free of all the other nasal symptoms ( P &lt; 0.0l), and significantly lower median scores ( P &lt; 0.05) for all nasal symptoms except nasal discharge than patients treated with disodium cromoglycate. There was no difference in eye symptoms or in rescue medication use between the two groups. Compliance with the treatment was assessed. Eleven patients recorded incorrect use of both nasal sprays for over 25% of days, and 55 patients recorded incorrect use of four‐times‐daily spray only; no patient recorded incorrect use of morning spray only. Both treatments were generally well tolerated.
ERCP and its Applications
Authors: M L WILKINSON
Journal: Gut (1999)

ERCP and its Applications . Edited by Jacobson IM. (Pp 288; illustrated; $110.00.) Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997. ISBN 0-397-51664-9.

In 1998 at least three new books entirely devoted to ERCP were published, and this is the most comprehensive of them. It is a multi-author textbook from the United States and in fact from the Eastern part of that country with only one author hailing from Canada and one group from Amsterdam. British readers will recognise a few well known exiles, however. The book is largely a very practical and up to date (many chapters contain references from 1997) review of ERCP in all or nearly all of its manifestations at the end of the 20th Century. The book is accompanied by x ray films, colour plates and line …
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in Health Care Settings&lt;subtitle&gt;A Randomized Trial&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Harriet L. MacMillan, C. Nadine Wathen, Ellen Jamieson, Michael H. Boyle, Harry S. Shannon, Marilyn Ford-Gilboe, Andrew Worster, Barbara Lent, Jeffrey H. Coben, Jacquelyn C. Campbell, Louise-Anne McNutt
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Whether intimate partner violence (IPV) screening reduces violence or improves health outcomes for women is unknown.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the effectiveness of IPV screening and communication of positive results to clinicians.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Randomized controlled trial conducted in 11 emergency departments, 12 family practices, and 3 obstetrics/gynecology clinics in Ontario, Canada, among 6743 English-speaking female patients aged 18 to 64 years who presented between July 2005 and December 2006, could be seen individually, and were well enough to participate.<h3>Intervention</h3>Women in the screened group (n=3271) self-completed the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST); if a woman screened positive, this information was given to her clinician before the health care visit. Subsequent discussions and/or referrals were at the discretion of the treating clinician. The nonscreened group (n=3472) self-completed the WAST and other measures after their visit.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Women disclosing past-year IPV were interviewed at baseline and every 6 months until 18 months regarding IPV reexposure and quality of life (primary outcomes), as well as several health outcomes and potential harms of screening.<h3>Results</h3>Participant loss to follow-up was high: 43% (148/347) of screened women and 41% (148/360) of nonscreened women. At 18 months (n = 411), observed recurrence of IPV among screened vs nonscreened women was 46% vs 53% (modeled odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-2.12). Screened vs nonscreened women exhibited about a 0.2-SD greater improvement in quality-of-life scores (modeled score difference at 18 months, 3.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-7.00). When multiple imputation was used to account for sample loss, differences between groups were reduced and quality-of-life differences were no longer significant. Screened women reported no harms of screening.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Although sample attrition urges cautious interpretation, the results of this trial do not provide sufficient evidence to support IPV screening in health care settings. Evaluation of services for women after identification of IPV remains a priority.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00182468
Identification of a Danger-Associated Peptide From Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoBDS-1) That Triggers Innate Proatherogenic Responses
Authors: Daniel F.J. Ketelhuth, Francisco J.O. Rios, Yajuan Wang, Huiqing Liu, Maria E. Johansson, Gunilla N. Fredrikson, Ulf Hedin, Magnus Gidlund, Jan Nilsson, Göran K. Hansson, Zhong-qun Yan
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Subendothelial deposited low-density lipoprotein particles are a known inflammatory factor in atherosclerosis. However, the causal components derived from low-density lipoprotein are still poorly defined. Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) is the unexchangeable protein component of low-density lipoprotein, and the progression of atherosclerosis is associated with immune responses to ApoB100-derived peptides. In this study, we analyzed the proinflammatory activity of ApoB100 peptides in atherosclerosis.By screening a peptide library of ApoB100, we identified a distinct native peptide referred to as ApoB100 danger-associated signal 1 (ApoBDS-1), which shows sequence-specific bioactivity in stimulation of interleukin-8, CCL2, and interleukin-6. ApoBDS-1 activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and calcium signaling, thereby effecting the expression of interleukin-8 in innate immune cells. Ex vivo stimulation of carotid plaques with ApoBDS-1 enhances interleukin-8 and prostaglandin E₂ release. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ApoBDS-1-positive peptide fragments are present in atherosclerotic lesions using immunoassays and that low-molecular-weight fractions isolated from plaque show ApoBDS-1 activity inducing interleukin-8 production.Our data show that ApoBDS-1 is a previously unrecognized peptide with robust proinflammatory activity, contributing to the disease-promoting effects of low-density lipoprotein in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Restoration by vacuum inflation of original alveolar dimensions in small human lung specimens
Authors: T.H. van Kuppevelt, A.A. Robbesom, E.M.M. Versteeg, J.H. Veerkamp, C.L.a van Herwaarden, P.N.r Dekhuijzen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Resection of lung specimens results in deflated and distorted lung structures. If no major airway is present (as in the case of small lung specimens from biopsies), lung dimensions cannot be restored by inflation under 25 cmH20. This impedes morphological analysis of the tissue. This report describes a simple and easy procedure to restore alveolar dimensions in deflated small lung specimens. Small human lung samples were inflated using moderate vacuum conditions which are provided by a common water stream-driven vacuum device. Restoration of alveolar dimensions and morphology was evaluated for paraffin-embedded as well as frozen tissue, using morphometric and immunohistological analysis. Vacuum inflation results in restoration of original lung dimensions as judged by light and scanning electron microscopy, and by analysis of the mean linear intercept, and the average length, width, perimeter and surface area. It also results in markedly improved cutting characteristics, allowing reliable sectioning of 2 microm cryosections and achieving high resolution images in immunofluorescence. Vacuum inflation is a simple and easy procedure to restore lung architecture of small human lung specimens/biopsies with a concomitant improvement of cutting characteristics. It allows for correct histological analysis of small specimens which cannot be inflated otherwise.
Sulphasalazine induced lung disease
Authors: G. R. Jones, D. N. S. Malone
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Sulphasalazine is a drug which is widely used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Although a high incidence of side effects has been reported, pulmonary complications of treatment have not been described previously. The clinical, haematological, and radiological abnormalities which occurred in one patient two months after sulphasalazine was started are described. Withdrawal of treatment was followed by recovery; reintroduction of the drug caused a relapse associated with eosinophilia and impaired pulmonary function. We suggest that the possibility of drug-induced lung disease should be considered in any patient who develops symptoms or radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease while receiving treatment with sulphasalazine.
Physicians and Preventive Medicine
Authors: F. Douglas Scutchfield
Journal: JAMA (1995)

As a nation we have articulated a series of health objectives that we wish to achieve by the year 2000.<sup>1</sup>The significance of this first step should not be underestimated. As with many endeavors, simply overcoming inertia to begin discussions can prove a daunting task. For physicians, however, following through to achieve these newly articulated goals will require much additional commitment and change. Physicians must focus not only on providing clinical preventive services, but also on supporting the efforts of their state and local health departments in the provision of core public health functions. Only through coordinated efforts can we begin to effect large-scale improvements both in the health of our patients and in the health of our communities. The role physicians play in providing preventive services is well established. Studies clearly illustrate the positive outlook that physicians bring to their role as providers of these services.<sup>2-4</sup>Screening
Trefoil factor-2 (TFF2) is an allergen-induced gene differentially regulated by signal-transducer-and-activator-of-transcription (STAT)6 in experimental asthma
Authors: N.M. Nikolaidis, N. Zimmermann, A.M. Mishra, N.E. King, S.M. Pope, M.E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
The Spin/Ssty repeat: a new motif identified in proteins involved in vertebrate development from gamete to embryo
Authors: Eike Staub, Detlev Mennerich, André Rosenthal
Journal: Genome biology (2001)

The homologous genes Spin (spindlin) and Ssty were first identified as genes involved in gametogenesis and seem to occur in multiple copies in vertebrate genomes. The mouse spindlin (Spin) protein was reported to interact with the spindle apparatus during oogenesis and to be a target for cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation. The transcript of the mouse Ssty gene is specific to sperm cells. In the chicken, spindlin was found to co-localize with SUMO-1 to nuclear dots during interphase in fibroblasts, but to co-localize with chromosomes during mitosis. Thus, Spin/Ssty genes might be important in the transition from sperm cells and oocytes to the early embryo, as well as in mitosis.Here we report the discovery of a new protein motif of around 50 amino acids in length, the Spin/Ssty repeat, in proteins of the Spin/Ssty (spindlin) family. We found that in one member of this family, the human SPIN gene, each repeat resides in its own exon, supporting our view that Spin/Ssty repeats are independent functional units. On the basis of different secondary-structure prediction methods, we propose a four-stranded beta-structure for the Spin/Ssty repeat.The discovery of the Spin/Ssty repeat might contribute to the further elucidation of the structure and function of spindlin-family proteins. We predict that the tertiary structure of spindlin-like proteins is composed of three modules of Spin/Ssty repeats.
Anemia Management and Mortality Risk in Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Michael Auerbach
Journal: JAMA (2010)

elsewhere). Another Swedish study suggested that longterm prognosis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery was affected little by sleep disturbance prior to surgery and that many symptoms diminished after the revascularization. In our study, high blood pressure was associated with good prognosis among participants who did not display any findings consistent with ischemic heart disease, which suggests that even healthy individuals display the same relationship between blood pressure and risk as those who did indeed develop a myocardial infarction.
Time for a culture change?
Authors: J. R. O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Sellar and colleagues highlight three patients presenting with lymphadenopathy in whom appropriate management was delayed owing to a presumptive rather than definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis.1 However, tuberculous lymphadenitis cannot be rapidly diagnosed from the presence of acid- and alcohol-fast bacilli in fine needle aspirates. All mycobacteria are acid- and …
Quantifying Nonvertical Inheritance in the Evolution of Legionella pneumophila
Authors: M. Coscolla, I. Comas, F. Gonzalez-Candelas
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

The exchange of genetic material among bacterial strains and species is recognized as an important factor determining their evolutionary, population genetic, and epidemiological features. We present a detailed analysis of nonvertical inheritance in Legionella pneumophila, a human pathogen and facultative intracellular parasite of amoebas. We have analyzed the exchange of L. pneumophila genetic material with other bacteria at three different levels: population genetics, population genomics, and phylogenomics. At the population genetics level, we have analyzed 89 clinical and environmental isolates after sequencing six coding loci and three intergenic regions for a total of 3,923 bp. In the population genomics analysis, we have studied the roles of recombination and mutation in the common portion of the genome sequence of four L. pneumophila strains. In the phylogenomic analysis, we have studied the phylogenetic origin of 1,700 genes in the L. pneumophila pangenome. For this, we have considered 12 possible phylogenetic alternatives, derived from a reference tree obtained from 104 genes from 41 species, which have been tested under a rigorous statistical framework. The results obtained agree in assigning an important role to nonvertical inheritance in shaping the composition of the L. pneumophila genome and of the genetic variation in its populations. We have found a negative correlation between phylogenetic distance and likelihood of horizontal gene transfer. Phylogenetic proximity and increased chances resulting from sharing the ecological niche provided by the amoeba host have likely had a major influence on the rate of gene exchange in Legionella.