tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Collecting Duct Is a Site of Sodium Retention in PAN Nephrosis
Authors: GEORGES DESCHE[Combining Circumflex Accent]NES, MONIKA WITTNER, ANTONIO DI STEFANO, SYLVIE JOUNIER, ALAIN DOUCET
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Micropuncture studies of the distal nephron and measurements of Na,K-ATPase activity in microdissected collecting tubules have suggested that renal retention of sodium in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrotic rats originates in the collecting duct. The present study demonstrated this hypothesis by in vitro microperfusion and showed that amiloride was able to restore sodium balance. Indeed, isolated perfused cortical collecting ducts from PAN-treated rats exhibited an abnormally high transepithelial sodium reabsorption that was abolished by amiloride, and in vivo administration of amiloride fully prevented decreased urinary sodium excretion and positive sodium balance in nephrotic rats. As expected from the aldosterone independence of Na + retention in PAN nephrotic rats, blockade of aldosterone receptor by potassium canrenoate did not alter urinary Na + excretion, Na + balance, or ascites formation in PAN nephrotic rats.
Increased Mitochondrial K <sub>ATP</sub> Channel Activity During Chronic Myocardial Hypoxia
Authors: Janis T. Eells, Michele M. Henry, Garrett J. Gross, John E. Baker
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Increased resistance to myocardial ischemia in chronically hypoxic immature rabbit hearts is associated with activation of ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels. We determined whether chronic hypoxia from birth alters the function of the mitochondrial K ATP channel. The K ATP channel opener bimakalim (1 μmol/L) increased postischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure in isolated normoxic (F io 2 =0.21) hearts to values (42±4% to 67±5% ) not different from those of hypoxic controls but did not alter postischemic recovery of developed pressure in isolated chronically hypoxic (F io 2 =0.12) hearts (69±5% to 72±5%). Conversely, the K ATP channel blockers glibenclamide (1 μmol/L) and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 300 μmol/L) attenuated the cardioprotective effect of hypoxia but had no effect on postischemic recovery of function in normoxic hearts. ATP synthesis rates in hypoxic heart mitochondria (3.92±0.23 μmol ATP · min −1 · mg mitochondrial protein −1 ) were significantly greater than rates in normoxic hearts (2.95±0.08 μmol ATP · min −1 · mg mitochondrial protein −1 ). Bimakalim (1 μmol/L) decreased the rate of ATP synthesis in normoxic heart mitochondria consistent with mitochondrial K ATP channel activation and mitochondrial depolarization. The effect of bimakalim on ATP synthesis was antagonized by the K ATP channel blockers glibenclamide (1 μmol/L) and 5-HD (300 μmol/L) in normoxic heart mitochondria, whereas glibenclamide and 5-HD alone had no effect. In hypoxic heart mitochondria, the rate of ATP synthesis was not affected by bimakalim but was attenuated by glibenclamide and 5-HD. We conclude that mitochondrial K ATP channels are activated in chronically hypoxic rabbit hearts and implicate activation of this channel in the improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and cardioprotection observed.
ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE OUTCOMES OF SHOULDER INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN NON-INJURED OVERHEAD ATHLETES – A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: M Grygorowicz, P Lubiatowski, D Witold, L Romanowski
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The incidence of shoulder injuries in overhead sports is high. Despite this high rate, insufficient evidence is available on the efficacy of preventive training programs. Objective To analyze the absolute and relative outcomes of shoulder injury prevention programs in non-injured overhead athletes. Design Systematic literature review. Setting Amateur and professional. Participants Athletes of different throwing sports. Interventions We analyzed different prevention approaches in injury prevention programs, based on neuromuscular components, proprioceptive training, strength, plyometric exercises or other specific prophylaxis exercises. The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, PubMed, PEDro. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO data (PROSPERO 2013: CRD42013005769). Detailed search strategy is available from http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42013005769. Articles quality was assessed according to the 11-item Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database (PEDro) Scale. Main outcome measurements Primary: absolute parameters of the effectiveness of injury prevention programs, such as the reduction of shoulder injury rate during the analyzed period of time. Secondary: relative outcomes such as improvement in biomechanical factors (e.g. throwing velocity, isokinetic strength) as a result of the applied injury prevention and/or performance enhancement programs. Results Our searches identified 827 potentially relevant articles. By reviewing titles and abstracts, we identified 26 articles examining the efficacy of shoulder injury prevention programs in overhead athletes. There were no paper reporting absolute outcomes. As the relative outcomes authors most frequently used: shoulder strength, power, throwing velocity, range of motion. Conclusions Conflicting evidence has been found. Not all of the PEDro criteria could be satisfied, as the experimental crossover design implemented by the majority of studies resulted in subject and therapist blinding not being possible. High-quality studies investigating the shoulder injury prevention are needed to reduce the incidence of injuries in non-injured overhead athletes.
Phase I Clinical Trial Design in Cancer Drug Development
Authors: E.A. Eisenhauer, P.J. O’Dwyer, M. Christian, J.S. Humphrey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

The past decade has seen the publication of a number of new proposals for the design of phase I trials of anticancer agents. The purpose of these proposals has been to address ethical concerns about treating excessive numbers of patients at subtherapeutic doses of a new agent and to increase the overall efficiency of the process while enhancing the precision of the recommended phase II dose. In early 1998, a workshop of phase I investigators was held under the sponsorship of Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute (Wallingford, CT) to review the experience to date with novel phase I methodologies, with a particular focus on their efficiency and safety. This report summarizes the material presented. It was concluded that for phase I trials of antineoplastics (cytotoxics), which begin at 0.1 mouse-equivalent LD10 doses, evidence to date suggests that the historic approach of using a modified Fibonacci escalation and three patients per dose level is not necessary and is seldom used. One patient per dose level and more rapid escalation schemes, both empirically based and statistically based, are commonly used with apparent safety. There remain questions, however: Which of the dose escalation schemes is optimal? Are there alternatives to toxicity as a phase I end point, and will these end points be reliable in defining active doses? Answering these questions in a reasonable time frame will be important if new anticancer agents are not to suffer undue delays in phase I evaluation.
Electrotonic interactions across an inexcitable region as a cause of ectopic activity in acute regional myocardial ischemia. A study in intact porcine and canine hearts and computer models.
Authors: M J Janse, F J van Capelle
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

We recorded 60 DC simultaneous electrograms from isolated porcine and canine hearts in the first minutes after coronary occlusion. Ventricular premature beats (VPB) originated from the normal side of the ischemic border, which was frequently separated from the central ischemic area showing delayed activity by a small zone of inexcitable tissue. We attempted in a computer model to generate VPB's at one side of an area showing conduction block. In computer simulations,,, the presence of elements capable of automatic activity greatly facilitated the induction of VPB's. By coupling automatic elements to nonautomatic elements, overt pacemaking activity could be suppressed. Subthreshold depolarizations transmitted through a zone of conduction block could, when properly timed, trigger the latent automatic elements into overt automatic activity, resulting in single or repetitive VPB's. The ventricular premature beats in the intact hearts with acute regional ischemia may be caused by "triggered automaticity" in which the trigger is provided by the "injury current" flowing from ischemic cells showing delayed repolarization via a segment of inexcitable ischemic cells in the border zone to normally perfused cells with suppressed automaticity.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Care
Authors: Nicole Lurie, Allen Fremont, Arvind K. Jain, Stephanie L. Taylor, Rebecca McLaughlin, Eric Peterson, B. Waine Kong, T. Bruce Ferguson
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Despite extensive documentation of racial and ethnic disparities in care, provider awareness of disparities has been thought to be low. To be effective, educational efforts for physicians must consider providers’ knowledge and beliefs about what causes disparities and what can be done about them. Methods and Results— We conducted a Web-based survey of 344 cardiologists to determine their level of awareness of disparities and views of underlying causes. Responses were assessed by means of 5-point Likert scales. Thirty-four percent of cardiologists agreed that disparities existed in care overall in the US healthcare system, and 33% agreed that disparities existed in cardiovascular care. Only 12% felt disparities existed in their own hospital setting, and even fewer, 5%, thought disparities existed in the care of their own patients. Despite this, most respondents rated the strength of the evidence about disparities as “very strong” or “strong.” Respondents identified many potential causes for disparities in care but were more likely to endorse patient and system level factors (eg, insurance status or adherence) rather than provider level factors. Conclusions— Cardiologists’ awareness of disparities in care remains low, and awareness is inversely proportional to proximity to their own practice setting.
Significance of Murine Retroviral Mutagenesis for Identification of Disease Genes in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Stefan J. Erkeland, Roel G.W. Verhaak, Peter J.M. Valk, Ruud Delwel, Bob Löwenberg, Ivo P. Touw
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Retroviral insertion mutagenesis is considered a powerful tool to identify cancer genes in mice, but its significance for human cancer has remained elusive. Moreover, it has recently been debated whether common virus integrations are always a hallmark of tumor cells and contribute to the oncogenic process. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable response to treatment. Recurrent cytogenetic defects and acquired mutations in regulatory genes are associated with AML subtypes and prognosis. Recently, gene expression profiling (GEP) has been applied to further risk stratify AML. Here, we show that mouse leukemia genes identified by retroviral insertion mutagenesis are more frequently differentially expressed in distinct subclasses of adult and pediatric AML than randomly selected genes or genes located more distantly from a virus integration site. The candidate proto-oncogenes showing discriminative expression in primary AML could be placed in regulatory networks mainly involved in signal transduction and transcriptional control. Our data support the validity of retroviral insertion mutagenesis in mice for human disease and indicate that combining these murine screens for potential proto-oncogenes with GEP in human AML may help to identify critical disease genes and novel pathogenetic networks in leukemia.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Regulation by the Adiponectin/C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Protein Family of Proteins
Authors: Noriyuki Ouchi, Kenneth Walsh
Journal: Circulation (2012)

C ardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. 1Obese states are closely linked to the development of metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders. 2,34][5] Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulated adipokine production caused by excess fat accumulation contributes to obesity-associated complications. 4 Most adipokines are upregulated in obese states and usually act as proinflammatory mediators that promote the disease process. 4onversely, a few adipokines are downregulated by obesity, and these factors typically exert beneficial actions on obesitylinked disorders.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and physical activity
Authors: N M Haley, A H Morice
Journal: Thorax (2007)

We read with interest the recent paper by Shaaban et al 1 who report a negative relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and physical activity. Several hypotheses are invoked to explain this association, including a suggestion that physical activity reduces bronchial inflammation by altering airway physiology.

Their major hypothesis is that obesity reduces physical activity and that it is this reduction in physical …
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Andriani Vazeou, Alexandra Papadopoulou, Ian W. Booth, Christos S. Bartsocas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

A wide variety of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been reported to occur in adults with type 1 diabetes (1). Autonomic neuropathy or acute hyperglycemia have been implicated in the pathogenesis (2,3). In children with type 1 diabetes, GI symptoms are also frequently observed, although their prevalence and impact on glycemic control are poorly defined (4,5). The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of GI symptoms in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to assess their effect on diabetes control.

The study group was comprised of 118 consecutive children and adolescents (57 males, mean age 14.5 years and mean BMI 20.3 kg/m2) with type 1 diabetes (median duration of disease 5.2 years) attending the Diabetes Center for regular follow-up. The control group was comprised of 171 children and adolescents (75 males, mean age 13.6 years and mean BMI 20 kg/m2) who were either siblings of hospitalized children or patients with type 1 diabetes or offspring of the hospital staff. The sample size was calculated using the power analysis aimed at detecting an anticipated difference in the prevalence of GI symptoms ≥15% ( α = 0.05 and power = 0.8). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the P & A Kyriakou …
Brief Report: Ultrasonographic Assessment of Salivary Gland Response to Rituximab in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Sandrine Jousse‐Joulin, Valérie Devauchelle‐Pensec, Divi Cornec, Thierry Marhadour, Luc Bressollette, Simon Gestin, Jacques Olivier Pers, Emmanuel Nowak, Alain Saraux
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

To evaluate changes in salivary gland echostructure and vascularization after rituximab treatment in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).Twenty-eight patients with primary SS included in the multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Tolerance and Efficacy of Rituximab in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (TEARS) trial underwent salivary gland ultrasonography before the first placebo or rituximab infusion and then 6 months later. Trial inclusion criteria were scores of ≥50 mm on at least 2 of 4 visual analog scales (VAS) evaluating dryness, pain, fatigue, and global disease; and recent-onset (<10 years) biologically active primary SS and/or systemic primary SS. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to rituximab (1 gm at weeks 0 and 2) or placebo. Ultrasonography of both parotid and submandibular glands was performed to assess echostructure (using a semiquantitative score of 0-4, with improvement defined as a ≥1-point decrease), size of each gland, and vascularization based on the resistive index of the transverse facial artery of the parotid gland before and after lemon juice stimulation.Of the 28 patients, 5 (18%; 3 in the placebo group and 2 in the rituximab group) had clinically detectable bilateral parotid gland enlargement at baseline. Parotid parenchyma echostructure improved in 50% of the rituximab-treated patients versus 7% of the placebo-treated patients (P = 0.03). In the submandibular glands, echostructure also improved in a larger proportion of rituximab-treated patients, although the difference was not significant (36% versus 7% of placebo-treated patients; P = 0.16). Gland sizes and resistive index remained unchanged.Ultrasonography showed improved salivary gland echostructure in patients with primary SS receiving rituximab, with no changes in salivary gland size or vascularization, 6 months after the first infusion.
Free Secretory Component from Cystic Fibrosis Sputa Displays the Cystic Fibrosis Glycosylation Phenotype
Authors: Lindsay J. Marshall, Beatrice Perks, Kathleen Bodey, Ranjan Suri, Andrew Bush, Janis K. Shute
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Secretory IgA contributes to humoral defense mechanisms against pathogens targeting mucosal surfaces, and secretory component (SC) fulfills multiple roles in this defense. The aims of this study were to quantify total SC and to analyze the form of free SC in sputa from normal subjects, subjects with asthma, and subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF). Significantly higher levels of SC were detected in CF compared with both other groups. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that SC in CF was relatively degraded. Free SC normally binds interleukin (IL)-8 and inhibits its function. However, in CF sputa, IL-8 binding to intact SC was reduced. Analysis of the total carbohydrate content of free SC signified overglycosylation in CF compared with normal subjects and subjects with asthma. Monosaccharide composition analysis of free SC from CF subjects revealed overfucosylation and undersialylation, in agreement with the reported CF glycosylation phenotype. SC binding to IL-8 did not interfere with the binding of IL-8 to heparin, indicating distinct binding sites on IL-8 for negative regulation of function by SC and heparin. We suggest that defective structure and function of SC contribute to the characteristic sustained inflammatory response in the CF airways.
Recombinant human α-interferon in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial from France
Authors: Patrick Marcellin, Nathalie Boyer, Emile Giostra, Claude Degott, Anne Marie Courouce, FrançOise Degos, Henri Coppere, Paul Cales, Patrice Couzigou, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We have conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing two doses of recombinant human alpha-interferon for efficacy in 60 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. The source of infection appeared to be transfusion in 30 patients, intravenous drug abuse in 16 patients and was unknown in 14 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to no treatment or to treatment with either 1 or 3 MU of alpha-interferon given three times a week for 24 wk. Forty-five patients (75%) were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus. During the 24-wk treatment period, mean serum ALT levels decreased in both treatment groups, but the decrease was statistically significant only in the 3 MU group. However, at 24 wk, the proportion of patients with normal ALT levels was similar in the 3 MU group (39%) and the 1 MU group (45%), and both were significantly higher than in controls (0%). Repeat liver biopsy specimens showed a significant decrease in the severity of histological changes in the 3 MU group but not in the 1 MU group or in controls. Responses to alpha-interferon did not correlate with patient's age, gender, source of infection, pretreatment serum ALT, presence of anti-hepatitis C virus or cirrhosis. After treatment, the mean ALT levels rose in both treated groups. The proportion of patients with normal ALT levels at wk 48 was 28% in the 3 MU group and 20% in the 1 MU group. In conclusion, a dose of 3 MU was superior to 1 MU of alpha-interferon given three times weekly for 24 wk in inducing improvements in serum ALT levels and liver histological examinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Incidence of emphysema at necropsy as assessed by point-counting
Authors: P. S. Hasleton
Journal: Thorax (1972)

The lungs from an unselected group of necropsies were fixed in inflation by boiling formaldehyde vapour, and the percentage of emphysema was determined by macroscopic point-counting. The emphysema was categorized into alveolar, centrilobular, bullous, and \`mixed'. The term \`mixed' emphysema was applied to cases which had a combination of two or all of the three forms. Quantitative criteria were used in the diagnosis of emphysema. `Significant' emphysema was defined as destruction of the lung parenchyma by 5% or more of centrilobular or 10% or more of alveolar or bullous emphysema. Using these criteria, the overall incidence of emphysema in both sexes was 24%, the incidence in men being 35% and in women 9%. Alveolar emphysema was present in 25% of males and in 3% of females. The corresponding figures for centrilobular emphysema were 6% and 3%. Comparison of the present investigation with other studies suggests that there are geographical differences in the incidence of the alveolar and centrilobular forms of the disease.
Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in two cases of verrucous carcinoma of the foot
Authors: R. Sasaoka, T. Morimura, M. Mihara, Y. Hacari, T. Aki, T. Miyamoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in two cases of verrucous carcinoma of the foot Get access R. Sasaoka, R. Sasaoka Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Morimura, T. Morimura Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Mihara, M. Mihara Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Hacari, Y. Hacari Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Aki, T. Aki Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Miyamoto T. Miyamoto Department of Dermatology Tsuyama Central Hospital Tsuyama. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 5, 1 May 1996, Pages 983–984, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06346.x Published: 01 May 1996