tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Criteria for a Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Stephen Moses
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other connective tissue diseases were surveyed for the presence of antibodies to normal DNA, antibodies to a ribonuclease-insensitive acidic nuclear protein, and immune deposits in normal skin. While 80% of patients with SLE had abnormal values for at least two of these three tests, none of the patients with other connective tissue diseases had more than one abnormal value. The presence of RBC autoantibodies was found along with one of the other abnormal laboratory tests in 76% of patients with SLE, including 14% of patients not found to have two abnormal tests. None of the other patients tested had RBC autoantibodies. These findings suggest that a set of laboratory tests can be constructed as criteria for a diagnosis of SLE that would be as specific as the presently employed American Rheumatism Association criteria.
Diet and retarded growth.
Authors: D R Davis, J Apley, G Fill, C Grimaldi
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The diets of 36 children below the third centile for height but with no organic disease were compared with the diets of a control group. In most cases retarded growth was associated with a long-continued deficiency in calorie intake. When the diets were reassessed about a year later the shortfall in calorie intake was significantly reduced. This improvement, which tended to be followed by an increase in the rate of growth in height, might have been due to alteration in the child's circumstances or improvement in the family attitudes and feeding habits or both. Advice given at the clinic is thought to have played a part in bringing these changes about.
Bystander-Initiated Rescue Breathing for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests of Noncardiac Origin
Authors: Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Taku Iwami, Takashi Kawamura, Ken Nagao, Hideharu Tanaka, Atsushi Hiraide
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Although chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is effective for adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of cardiac origin, it remains uncertain whether bystander-initiated rescue breathing has an incremental benefit for OHCA of noncardiac origin.A nationwide, prospective, population-based, observational study covering the whole population of Japan and involving consecutive OHCA patients with emergency responder resuscitation attempts was conducted from January 2005 through December 2007. The primary outcome was neurologically intact 1-month survival. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of bystander-initiated CPR to better neurological outcomes. Among a total of 43 246 bystander-witnessed OHCAs of noncardiac origin, 8878 (20.5%) received chest compression-only CPR, and 7474 (17.3%) received conventional CPR with rescue breathing. The conventional CPR group (1.8%) had a higher rate of better neurological outcome than both the no CPR group (1.4%; odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 1.96) and the compression-only CPR group (1.5%; odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.69). However, the compression-only CPR group did not produce better neurological outcome than the no CPR group (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.47). The number of OHCAs needed to treat with conventional CPR versus compression-only CPR to save a life with favorable neurological outcome after OHCA was 290.This nationwide observational study indicates that rescue breathing has an incremental benefit for OHCAs of noncardiac origin, but the impact on the overall survival after OHCA was small.
Platelets and Their Membranes in Hemostasis: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Authors: SANFORD J. SHATTIL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Platelets form a plug and promote thrombin generation at sites of vascular injury. These processes are initiated by interaction of the platelet plasma membrane with various substances within or accumulating at the injured vessel. Thus, platelet adhesion to exposed subendothelium requires the binding of von Willebrand factor to platelets. Agonists such as thrombin bind to membrane receptors, thereby stimulating the binding of fibrinogen to platelets and resulting in the aggregation of platelets onto those already adherent to the vessel wall. Agonists also stimulate transfer of membrane-bound calcium into the cytoplasm. This triggers the secretion of granule substances and results in the recruitment of additional platelets to the hemostatic plug. Concomitant with secretion, the platelet surface supports several reactions leading to thrombin generation. Thus, hemostasis requires a series of coordinated responses involving platelet membranes. A defect in any of these responses can lead to a bleeding diathesis.
Effect of age on blood pressure and membrane-dependent vascular responses in the rat.
Authors: E E Soltis
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Alterations in endothelium-dependent, sodium pump-mediated, and calcium-dependent responses of vascular smooth muscle were investigated in 5-7-, 24-26-, and 50-52-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Age-dependent changes in systolic blood pressure were also determined. Although systolic blood pressure increased significantly with age, rats in all 3 age groups were considered normotensive. Initial studies on the passive force-response characteristics of strips of aortic and femoral arterial smooth muscle revealed that the level of passive force required for maximum active tension generation increased with increasing age. Subsequent studies were carried out using optimum passive force requirements. Endothelium-dependent relaxations of aortic smooth muscle induced by acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 decreased significantly with increasing age. An age-dependent decrease in the contractile response of aortic smooth muscle to ouabain and potassium-free physiological salt solution (PSS) was observed. Potassium relaxation of femoral smooth muscle following contraction to norepinephrine (NE) in a potassium-free PSS was also significantly attenuated with increasing age. No age-related alterations in calcium sensitivity (in the presence of 10(-7) M NE) or calcium relaxation (membrane stabilization) of femoral arterial smooth muscle was seen. These results show that endothelium-dependent and sodium pump-mediated responses are reduced in vascular smooth muscle of the rat with increasing age. However, no changes in calcium-dependent responses are apparent. These observations are discussed in relation to the vascular changes observed in hypertension.
Abstract A7: Investigating the differential regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in cancer
Authors: Kristin Krukenberg, Timothy Mitchison
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) is an important but poorly understood post-translational modification. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the addition of ADP-ribose onto acceptor proteins using NAD+ as a substrate. The function of pADPr has been best studied in the context of the DNA damage response where PARPs are activated by DNA damage, recruit repair machinery to the site of damage, and modify histones altering chromatin structure. Emerging evidence reveals broader roles for pADPr in other essential cellular pathways including apoptosis, inflammation, and stress responses. The role of PARPs in DNA damage has led to much interest in PARP inhibitors as chemotherapeutics, and multiple inhibitors are currently in clinical trials. The focus so far has been on using PARP inhibitors in combination with DNA damaging agents or in cancers deficient in DNA damage repair pathways (e.g., BRCA1/2 deficient cancers). Recent studies suggest that PARP inhibitors may also have utility in treating some cancers independent of DNA damage, e.g., Ewing's sarcoma. This increases the importance of understanding PARP biology and the role of pADPr in the growth and survival of cancer cells, and opens up the question of why inhibiting PARPs alone is more detrimental to some cancer cells than to others. We have developed a method for quantifying pADPr levels in cell lysates with increased sensitivity compared to previous approaches. Using this method we have found that pADPr levels vary widely between breast cancer cell lines. The differences in pADPr levels appear to be largely attributable to differences in PARP1 activity. PARP1, the most abundant family member, is primarily localized to the nucleus and is overexpressed in some cancers. We are currently investigating the mechanisms behind PARP1 activation and the implications of this finding for both basic biology and chemotherapy. Not only will this provide insight into the biological function of pADPr, but pADPr levels may be useful as an indicator of which patients will respond best to PARP inhibitors or other treatments. Citation Format: Kristin Krukenberg, Timothy Mitchison. Investigating the differential regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A7.
[659] EFFECTS OF UDCA ON THE FOETUS-MATERNAL CIRCULATION OF BILIRUBIN IN CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: F. Azzaroli, E. Baglivo, V. Feletti, M. Locatelli, N. Rizzo, D. De Aloysio, G. Pelusi, M. Montagnani, F. Lodato, D. Festi, A. Colecchia, A. Roda, E. Roda, G. Mazzella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Michael John Oldroyd
Authors: Melvin Green
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Forde Cayley went from medical school straight into service in wartime France and then to Singapore.Captured by the Japanese, he was taken to the infamous River Kwai.The horrors he had witnessed never left him, but he believed in reconciliation, not hatred.As a postwar pioneer of drug treatment for tuberculosis, he took up the respiratory medicine post that he held until retirement.His spare time was divided between BMA activities, his work as a lay reader, and in his prolific vegetable plot.Predeceased by his wife, Eileen, he leaves two sons and three grandsons.
Communicating With Spanish-Speaking Patients—Reply
Authors: Alexander K. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
“Silent” Strokes and Dementia
Authors: John P. Blass, Rajiv R. Ratan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

An epidemiologic study by Vermeer et al. in this issue of the Journal indicates that “silent” strokes are a risk factor for dementia.1 Recurrent strokes during the three to four years of follow-up in this study appear to have been the mechanism of — or at least a marker for — cognitive decline. The presence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele did not account for the relation between stroke and dementia, although that allele is known to be a risk factor for both Alzheimer's disease and vascular disease. These observations are intuitively attractive; stroke can impair brain function, including cognition. . . .
Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) and lymphoid malignancies in Dominica: A seroprevalence study
Authors: Olayinka A. Adedayo, Sani M. Shehu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in certain regions of the world where it is associated with lymphoid malignancies. Herein we aim to describe the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 in lymphoid malignancies in Dominica. We carried out a 10-year retrospective study of histologically proven hematologic malignancies and HTLV-1 seropositivity at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Dominica. Ninety-eight cases were reviewed (59% males, 41% females), ranging in age from 3 to 91 years. HTLV-1 was seropositive in 38.6% (31/80) of all hematologic malignancies. Three of 6 cases of Hodgkin disease (50%), 16 of 36 (44.4%) of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 3 out of 8 unclassified lymphomas (37.5%) were seropositive; all 6 cases (100%) of acute adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) were seropositive. One case each of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and myeloproliferative disorder was seropositive. HTLV-1-seropositive lymphomas presented at a younger age than did seronegative cases. Thus, HTLV-1 is significantly associated with lymphoid malignancies in Dominica, and further studies are needed before a causal relationship with Hodgkin disease can be established.
Points: Management of asthma in the child aged under 6 years
Authors: J. Frears, A G Butler
Journal: BMJ (1981)

reliable information on the nature of the middle-ear process.As a simple and im- mediately pain-relieving measure it is there- fore highly recommended and should always be performed when treating a child with acute symptoms and fluid in the middle ear.Finally, nasal or oral decongestants of any type have not been established to have any beneficial effect in the prevention or treatment of either acute or secretory otitis media.7 Since, besides their well-known side effects, oral decongestants may even be harmful to the middle ear, they should not be routinely used for otitis media.
Postoperative right bundle branch block: identification of three levels of block.
Authors: L N Horowitz, J A Alexander, L H Edmunds
Journal: Circulation (1980)

It has been postulated that postoperative right bundle branch block (RBBB) may be produced by conduction block at any of several sites.In this study the site of block and resultant pattern of ventricular activation were documented in 20 patients in whom RBBB developed during repair of congenital cardiac defects.Intraoperative epicardial and endocardial mapping and recording from the right ventricular specialized conduction system were performed before and after repair in each patient.In eight patients right bundle branch (RBB) conduction was interrupted proximally in the area of the ventricular septal defect.Right ventricular (RV) activation in these patients was delayed at all sites.In five patients RBB conduction was in- terrupted distally in the area of the moderator band.RV activation in these patients was delayed at most sites; however, the apical septal sites were activated normally.In seven patients, RBB conduction was interrupted terminally in the area of the terminal fascicular network.In these patients RV activation was delayed only in basilar areas.We conclude that at least three distinct types of postoperative RBBB exist and can be identified by differences in RV activation.THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PATTERN of right bundle branch block (RBBB) appears frequently after open heart surgery for correction of congenital malformations.This RBBB pattern often results from disruption of the right ventricular specialized conduction system during right ventriculotomy or infundibular resection,1-3 but may also occur after transatrial repair of ventricular septal defects in which neither right ventriculotomy nor in- fundibular resection is performed.4-6It has therefore been postulated that the postoperative RBBB pattern may be produced by conduction block at any of several sites along the course of the bundle of His or right bundle branch (RBB).27The present study was performed to identify the sites of block and consequent patterns of ventricular activation during RBBB produced during repair of congenital cardiac defects. Materials and MethodsTwenty patients who underwent total repair of either tetralogy of Fallot (12 patients), ventricular septal defect (three patients), complete atrioventricular (AV) canal (three patients) or double outlet right ven- tricle (two patients) were studied during cardiac sur- From the Cardiovascular Section, Departments of Medicine and
Electrocardiographic Effects of Marihuana
Authors: Mahendra S. Kochar
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The electrocardiograms of seven young men were studied to determine the effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most psychoactive component of marihuana. Two doses of THC, 200μg/kg of body weight and 300μg/kg, were given orally to each subject at a three-day interval, and placebo was administered between the two doses of THC. After the small dose of THC, only two of the seven subjects showed electrocardiographic changes, but after the larger dose, six manifested increased heart rate, two developed S-T-segment and T-wave changes, and one had premature ventricular contractions. No electrocardiographic changes occurred after the placebo was administered. Marihuana may affect the heart, and its repeated use may have a cumulative effect.
Evaluation of serum Beta-2 microglobulin in patients with HBV infection and HBV DNA (PCR) positivity to compare with hbv DNA (PCR)negativity
Authors: Sedigheh Amini Kafiabad, Forugh Tarabadi, Gholamreza Babaii, Ali Talebian, Neda Pasandideh, Mojgan Shaiegan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Efficacy of rituximab in Felty's syndrome
Authors: V Lekharaju, C Chattopadhyay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Felty’s syndrome (FS) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in conjunction with neutropenia and splenomegaly. The mechanisms underlying neutropenia of FS may involve both cellular and humoral immunity, with a possible role of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF) antibodies.1 Various disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have been used to treat FS with varying success.2 G-CSF raises neutrophil count and reduces infection in some cases of FS.3 Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody specific for human CD20, which targets B lymphocytes, has been tried in the treatment of FS in the past with mixed results.4 We describe a patient with FS who was treated …
Presystolic murmur in atrial fibrillation.
Authors: J M Criley, A H Blaufuss, A J Hermer
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The timing of operation and the selection of prosthesis depend upon the evaluation of long-term results at 5 years and beyond. From 1965 to 1975, 290 patients had isolated mitral valve replacement with currently used prostheses, resulting in a 6.6% operative mortality and 64% relative survival at 10 years. In considering mortality, the results obtained with both series of valves were combined and a search made for significant differences in preoperative variables between the operative deaths and operative survivors. The significant variables for operative mortality were valve model, preoperative functional class, pump time, and the presence or absence of right ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiography. There were significant differences in long-term survival only with regard to preoperative functional class, pulmonary vascular resistance, and pump time. Exponential curves were fitted to the event-free rates, and long-term results were then extrapolated. The 10-year projection of the percentage of patients alive and free of embolus (disregarding transient ischemic attacks) for the Model 6310-6320 (50%) was similar to that actually observed for the Model 6120 (46%). Although further experience may show one prosthesis more effective than the other, statistical extrapolations suggest continued comparable performance.
Synthetic Inhibitors of Elastase
Authors: Philip D. Edwards, Peter R. Bernstein
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1994)

For more than two decades investigators around the world, in both academic and industrial institutions, have been developing inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. A number of very elegant and insightful strategies have been reported. In the case of reversible peptidic inhibitors, this has resulted in the identification of some extremely potent compounds with dissociation constants in the 10(-11) M range. This is quite an accomplishment considering that these low molecular-weight inhibitors are only tri- and tetrapeptides. In the case of the heterocyclic-based inhibitors, the challenge of balancing the heterocycle's inherent reactivity and aqueous stability with the stability of the enzyme-inhibitor adduct has been meet by either using a latent, reactive functionality which is only activated within the enzyme, or by incorporating features which selectively obstruct deacylation but have little effect on the enzyme acylation step. The underlying goal of this research has been the identification of agents to treat diseases associated with HNE. Several animal models have been developed for evaluating the in vivo activity of elastase inhibitors, and compounds have been shown to be effective in all of these models by the intravenous, intratrachael or oral routes of administration. However, only a very small percentage of compounds have possessed all the necessary properties, including lack of toxicity, for progression into the clinic. The peptidyl TFMK ICI 200,880 (25-12) has many of the desired characteristics of a drug to treat the diseases associated with HNE: chemical stability, in vitro and in vivo activity, a long duration of action, and adequate metabolic stability. Currently ICI 200,880 is the only low molecular-weight HNE inhibitor known to be undergoing clinical trials, and may be the compound which finally demonstrates the clinical utility of a synthetic HNE inhibitor.
Lack of electrophysiological reproducibility in the mode of termination of induced episodes of atrial fibrillation
Authors: M. Ortiz, J. Villacastin, J. Almendral, A. Arenal, J. Osende, J.L. Sande, N.P. Castellano, J.L. Rojo, J.L. Delcan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Reasons for Nephrectomy
Authors: Joseph J. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

It is almost axiomatic that locally extensive and metastatic cancers run inexorable courses. However, exceptions occur and such exceptions are more common with renal cell carcinoma than with most other cancers. Generally speaking, however, standard factors which affect the prognosis of most tumors also influence the outcome of patients with renal cell tumors. Involvement of adjacent structures by direct extension, involvement of regional lymph nodes, gross invasion of the renal vein or its tributaries, and distant metastases all portend a poor outcome. Pathologic grade of the tumor and cell type also influence the survival figures. In general, the three-year survival rates of renal cell carcinoma range between 45% and 56%; the five-year survival rates, between 33% and 48%; and the ten-year survival rates vary between 18% and 27%. In a recent analysis of 100 cases of all stages treated at the University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and