tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related Lymphoma
Authors: S. T. Lim, A. M. Levine
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients are at an increased risk for developing both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma when compared with the general population. With the remarkable decrease in the incidence of opportunistic infections since the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related lymphoma (ARL) is now the second most common cancer associated with human immunodeficiency virus after Kaposi sarcoma. Over the last few years, advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of this heterogeneous group of lymphomas have led to the adoption of new classification systems. The prognosis of patients with ARL has improved dramatically with the availability of HAART, and the survival of many of these patients is now comparable to patients in the general population. Apart from the contribution of HAART, this improvement in prognosis can also be attributed to new initiatives in treatment of these patients, such as the use of effective infusional regimens, the feasibility of high-dose therapy with peripheral stem cell rescue for relapsed or refractory disease, and better supportive care. Nonetheless, several controversial issues persist, including the optimal timing of HAART with combination chemotherapy, the role of rituximab when incorporated into treatment regimens, and the optimal therapy for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Burkitt lymphoma. This article reviews the changes in the epidemiology of ARL in the era of HAART, advances in the biology of ARL, new developments in the management of patients with ARL, and several of the controversial issues that oncologists may encounter in the care of these patients.
Lactate Production by the Lungs in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: DANIEL DE BACKER, JACQUES CRETEUR, HAIBO ZHANG, MICHELLE NORRENBERG, JEAN-LOUIS VINCENT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Arteriovenous differences in lactate (AVLAC) across the lungs are usually small and close to zero. However, it has recently been reported that the lungs can produce increased amounts of lactate in some patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to evaluate lactate production in various types of acute lung injury requiring mechanical ventilation and hemodynamic monitoring. Since the differences involved are usually small, minor errors in lactate measurement could greatly influence AVLAC. Based on an analysis of these errors (see text for details), we averaged five arterial and venous samples for each measurement. We investigated 122 patients: 43 with acute lung injury (ALI), nine with cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE), 37 with bronchopneumonia (BPN), seven with single lung transplantation (LTX), and 26 with other causes of respiratory failure (OTHER). There was no difference in arterial lactate between the various groups. AVLAC was higher in patients with ALI than in the other groups (0.20 ± 0.23 versus 0.07 ± 0.11 mEq/L). In patients with ALI, AVLAC was proportional to the Murray's lung injury score ( − 0.032 + 0.032x; r = 0.46, p < 0.01). Lung lactate production was calculated as the product of the cardiac index times AVLAC and was significantly higher in patients with ALI than in the other groups (0.69 ± 0.88 versus 0.19 ± 0.30 mEq/min; p < 0.05). In patients with ALI, lung lactate production was inversely related to the PaO2 /Fi O2 (1.42 − 0.005x; r = 0.35, p < 0.05) but directly related to the venous admixture ( − 0.36 + 0.003x; r = 0.49, p < 0.01) and the lung injury score ( − 0.19 + 0.36x; r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Lung lactate production was not significantly related to arterial lactate levels. These data indicate that AVLAC and lung lactate production can be increased in patients with ARDS but remain within the normal range in other types of respiratory failure.
THE EFFECT OF CORONARY FLOW RESERVE AFTER REPERFUSION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING AND FUNCTION
Authors: Yuichi Ninomiya, Masanori Tsurugida, Kazuhiro Anzaki, Koichi Kihara, Shuichi Hamasaki, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Prediction of estrogen receptor binding for 58,000 chemicals using an integrated system of a tree-based model with structural alerts.
Authors: Huixiao Hong, Weida Tong, Hong Fang, Leming Shi, Qian Xie, Jie Wu, Roger Perkins, John D Walker, William Branham, Daniel M Sheehan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A number of environmental chemicals, by mimicking natural hormones, can disrupt endocrine function in experimental animals, wildlife, and humans. These chemicals, called "endocrine-disrupting chemicals" (EDCs), are such a scientific and public concern that screening and testing 58,000 chemicals for EDC activities is now statutorily mandated. Computational chemistry tools are important to biologists because they identify chemicals most important for in vitro and in vivo studies. Here we used a computational approach with integration of two rejection filters, a tree-based model, and three structural alerts to predict and prioritize estrogen receptor (ER) ligands. The models were developed using data for 232 structurally diverse chemicals (training set) with a 10(6) range of relative binding affinities (RBAs); we then validated the models by predicting ER RBAs for 463 chemicals that had ER activity data (testing set). The integrated model gave a lower false negative rate than any single component for both training and testing sets. When the integrated model was applied to approximately 58,000 potential EDCs, 80% (approximately 46,000 chemicals) were predicted to have negligible potential (log RBA < -4.5, with log RBA = 2.0 for estradiol) to bind ER. The ability to process large numbers of chemicals to predict inactivity for ER binding and to categorically prioritize the remainder provides one biologic measure to prioritize chemicals for entry into more expensive assays (most chemicals have no biologic data of any kind). The general approach for predicting ER binding reported here may be applied to other receptors and/or reversible binding mechanisms involved in endocrine disruption.
High Court overrules coroner over patient's death
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Coroners may have to hold more inquests when patients die after apparent failures in routine monitoring, following a High Court ruling last week. Lord Justice Kennedy and Mr Justice Morison ruled that a coroner was wrong to refuse an inquest into the death of a woman who died of a brain haemorrhage after giving birth to twins by caesarean section.

The coroner for inner north London, Stephen Chan, decided that an inquest on Laura Touche, …
Abstract IA12: The noncoding RNA revolution in cancer research
Authors: Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We will discuss exciting new data regarding the role of pseudogenes, lincRNAs and miRNAs in the pathogenesis of human cancer as also studied in vivo in the mouse. We will also focus on competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), circular(circ)-ceRNAs and pseudo-ceRNAs and give important attention to how understanding the ceRNA language will facilitate efforts to deconvolute ceRNA networks and their role in tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Pier Paolo Pandolfi. The noncoding RNA revolution in cancer research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
A new translocation t(9;11)(q34;p15) fuses NUP98 to a novel homeobox partner gene, PRRX2, in a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: C Gervais, L Mauvieux, N Perrusson, C Hélias, S Struski, V Leymarie, B Lioure, M Lessard
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Misconduct panel investigates research of doctor convicted of lacing lover's drink
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Clinical research carried out by an asthma specialist at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London is being investigated amid concerns that his “fantasy life” may have spilled over into his work.

Edward Erin, a consultant respiratory physician at St Mary’s Hospital, Paddington, and a clinical research fellow at the Royal Brompton Hospital, was sentenced to six years in prison at the Old Bailey this week for attempting to abort his pregnant lover’s fetus by lacing her drinks with drugs.

Judge Richard Hone branded Dr Erin, whose lover, Bella Prowse, and colleagues were unaware he was married, “a liar, a cheat, and a predator.”

He told the physician, …
Preventing Early Readmissions
Authors: Dave A. Chokshi, Ji Eun Chang
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Restenosis after balloon angioplasty. A practical proliferative model in porcine coronary arteries.
Authors: R S Schwartz, J G Murphy, W D Edwards, A R Camrud, R E Vliestra, D R Holmes
Journal: Circulation (1990)

A model of proliferative human restenosis was developed in domestic pigs by using deep injury to the coronary arterial media. Metal wire coils were delivered percutaneously to the coronary arteries of 11 pigs with an oversized, high-pressure (14 atm) balloon and were left in place for times ranging from 28 to 70 days. During placement, the balloon expanded the coils and delivered them securely within the arterial lumen. Light microscopic examination of the vessels confirmed fracture of the internal elastic lamina by the coil. An extensive proliferative response occurred in 10 of the 11 pigs and was associated with a luminal area narrowing of at least 50% in all but one pig. The histopathologic features of the proliferative response were identical to those observed in human cases of restenosis after angioplasty. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the prominence of smooth muscle cells in the proliferative tissue. A similar response was obtained in two of five porcine coronary arteries in which balloon inflation only was performed, without coil implant. This model is practical and inexpensive and closely mimics the proliferative portion of human restenosis both grossly and microscopically. Thus, it may be useful for understanding human restenosis and for testing therapies aimed at preventing restenosis after balloon angioplasty or other coronary interventional procedures.
A Fundamental Consideration of Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: L. B. Jaques
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE fundamental problem in all anticoagulant therapy is to maintain a decreased coagulability of the blood until the danger of thrombosis is past. Since as yet there is no adequate clinical test to demonstrate a thrombotic tendency, the indications for anticoagulant therapy are essentially statistical, being limited to cases in which experience has shown a high incidence of thrombosis. This varies from almost certain further thrombosis and embolism, with the patient showing frequent recurrences of these vascular accidents, to the definite but low incidence for general postoperative cases. Although anticoagulant therapy is essential for the first type of patient, it . . .
Improving the Statistical Approach to Health Care Provider Profiling
Authors: Cindy L. Christiansen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

This paper reviews and compares existing statistical methods for profiling health care providers. It recommends improvements that are based on the use of better statistical models and the adoption of more realistic, medically based criteria for judging the performance of health care providers. Unlike most profiling methods, the proposed hierarchical models allow the probability of acceptable provider performance to be calculated; thus, they can answer such questions as, "What is the probability that a given hospital's true mortality rate for cardiac surgery patients exceeded 3.33% last year?" The commonly encountered problems of regression-to-the-mean bias and small caseloads can be handled by using hierarchical models to extract more information from profiling data.
Epidemiologic problems associated with exposure to several agents.
Authors: R J Waxweiler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Simultaneous exposure to many potentially hazardous agents in the environment is the rule, yet there have been few studies that have addressed the issue of interactions of these agents in modifying disease outcomes, even though such interactions may potentially be important in terms of policy-making. Epidemiological methods may be an important way to identify interaction effects, especially for chronic disease outcomes. Some examples of epidemiologic investigations of this problem are given, and a matrix method used to evaluate the contribution of nineteen chemicals to the risk of liver angiosarcoma in vinyl chloride workers is discussed.
Insulin Absorption, Glucose Homeostasis, and Lipolysis in IDDM During Mental Stress
Authors: Eva Fernqvist-Forbes, Birgitta Linde
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To study the effects of mental stress on the absorption kinetics of insulin and on glucose homeostasis and lipolysis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Research Design and Methods Nine IDDM patients were exposed to the Stroop color word conflict test (CWT) during 40 min after injection of 125I-labeled soluble human insulin (10 U) into the abdomen. Adipose tissue blood flow (133Xe-clearance) was determined concomitantly to elucidate the importance of blood flow for insulin absorption during CWT. The effect of the CWT was followed by measurement of arterial levels of catecholamines and as blood pressure and heart-rate responses. Lipolysis was measured as arterial glycerol levels, and ketone body levels were monitored by determination by β-hydroxybutyrate. Results Although insulin absorption (residual 125I-radioactivity and plasma free insulin levels) and the arterial levels of glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate were not significantly changed by the CWT, arterial glycerol and norepinephrine levels and adipose tissue blood flow were ~ doubled, and epinephrine levels increased fourfold. Heart rate increased ~ 35 beats/min and mean blood pressure ~ 25 mmHg. Conclusions The results suggest that intense mental stress of 40 min duration does not alter the absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin, glucose homeostasis, or ketone body levels in patients with IDDM, despite a considerable increase in blood flow and lipolysis.
Alimentary Canal, vol 1, Control of Food and Water Intake
Authors: Stanley H. Lorber
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Most textbooks are out of date by the time they reach the reading public. To avoid this, the editor and his committee have devised a plan to have experts present current investigations in subjects pertinent to the general topic. Orderliness and thoroughness have been sacrificed but little as interest in current investigational frontiers is attained. The book is divided into four sections. The first, on general considerations, focuses on the characteristics and regulation of food intake, habits, metabolic consequences, behavior and physiologic problems, and behavior analysis of feeding. The second section, on controls and selected species of animals, deals with feeding and drinking behavior of invertebrates, vertebrates, fowl, ruminants, and humans. The third section investigates mechanisms of control, including the many factors involved in regulation of intake, be they related to body factors, central, oral, pharyngeal, or peripheral receptors or other factors. In addition, the problem is attacked from the
Atomkraft: Eine Einführung in die Probleme des Atomzeitalters
Authors: Rolf G. Rattay
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The first sentence of the foreword to the original Scandinavian edition informs the reader precisely what the two authors set out to do in this volume, and indeed, they accomplish their purpose of telling without reservation what scientists in October 1958 knew about atomic energy and its myriad problems. The book is written for the average educated lay reader and does not go into great detail insofar as highly technical information is concerned. The authors believe that scientists have a social and moral obligation to offer this information to all people. Section 1 deals briefly with most of the major problems inherent in the use of atomic energy. This section briefly analyzes the explosive growth of world population, especially in relation to the diminishing supply of fossil fuel. A general view of nuclear physics is given, and thermonuclear fusion and its advantages over chemical reactions in release of energy are
Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Its occurrence in a young man without demonstrable coronary artery disease
Authors: D. C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A young man had a well-substantiated case of acute transmural myocardial infarction with no apparent origin and normal selective cine coronary ateriograms eight weeks later. Similar cases have occurred.  (JAMA229:811-813, 1974)
Abstract 5260: Heme oxygenase-1 is involved in prostate cancer cells-bone interaction
Authors: Mercedes Ferrando, Belén Elguero, Roberto Meiss, Vassiliki Tzelepi, Adriana De Siervi, Nora Navone, Elba Vazquez
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Prostate cancer metastasis is well characterized by its tropism to the bone with metastatic lesions being typically osteoblastic. Osteoblasts produce factors that promote growth and survival of prostate cancer cells, but the molecular nature of this interaction is still unknown. Previous reports from our laboratory documented that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is expressed in primary prostate carcinomas and is localized in the nucleus. Recently, the involvement of HO-1 in bone metabolism has been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of HO-1 in the interaction between prostate cancer cells and bone. We analyzed the expression of HO-1 by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray generated from 12 castrate-resistant prostate cancer specimens (MDA Anderson Cancer Center), growing as xenografts in male CB17 SCID wild or castrated mice. Each of these tumors led to clinically relevant biological models to study human prostate cancer progression. All samples showed cytoplasmic HO-1 staining of varying intensity. Intense positive nuclear staining was also detected in 3/5 tumors with neuroendocrine morphology. HO-1 expression was correlated with other markers such as PSA, AR and Ki-67 expression. Co-cultures of the osteolytic PC3 cancer cell line with PMO (primary mice osteoblasts) demonstrated that HO-1 induction in PC3 cells abolished the PC3-induced loss of osteoblasts and significantly increased Dickkopf-1 expression in tumor cells. Furthermore, using PC3-PMO co-cultures, we found that HO-1 induction in prostate cancer cells increased mRNA levels of Runx-2 and Cyclin D1 and diminished β-catenin protein expression in PMO. These results clearly indicate the involvement of HO-1 in the interaction between prostate cancer cells and bone. The study of the molecular mechanisms of this interaction will provide effective therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5260. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5260
Toxicology of chemical mixtures: international perspective.
Authors: V J Feron, F R Cassee, J P Groten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This paper reviews major activities outside the United States on human health issues related to chemical mixtures. In Europe an international study group on combination effects has been formed and has started by defining synergism and antagonism. Successful research programs in Europe include the development and application of statistically designed experiments combined with multivariate data analysis and modeling in vitro and in vivo studies on a wide variety of chemicals such as petroleum hydrocarbons, aldehydes, food contaminants, industrial solvents, and mycotoxins. Other major activities focus on the development of safety evaluation strategies for mixtures such as the use of toxic equivalence factors or alternatives such as the question-and-answer approach, fractionation followed by recombination of the mixture in combination with a mixture design, and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis combined with lumping analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling for studying complex mixtures. A scheme for hazard identification and risk assessment of complex mixtures and a consistent way to generate total volatile organic compound values for indoor air have also been developed. Examples of other activities are carcinogenicity studies on complex mixtures (petroleum middle distillates, foundry fumes, pesticides, heterocyclic amines, diesel exhaust, solid particles), neurotoxicity studies of mixtures of solvents alone or in combination with exposure to physical factors, and toxicity studies of outdoor air pollutants, focusing on particulates. Outside the United States, toxicologists and regulators clearly have a growing interest in the toxicology and risk assessment of chemical mixtures.
THE LITERATURE OF THE PULP.
Authors: VIDA A. LATHAM
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In reviewing the work done on the dental pulp, it appeals very strongly to the operative side. In other words, the majority of the papers concern themselves with the pathologic conditions, which include special and general pathologic states from inflammatory to degenerative, and bacteriologic gangrene to formation of pulp-stones and the treatment of the same. One noteworthy point is the constant effort directed to the "killing of the pulp" by every known means and the very little encouragement to try to save the "formative organ." In these days of advancement of the histophysiologic research and the introduction of new methods and chemicals, it seems strange the dental pulp appears to have been considered as either completely worked out or not so important an organ as enamel or dentine or even the peridental membrane. Yet its development, structure, functions and variations are hardly understood—and we expect to cure its ailments. It
TCT-80 Applicability of hybrid strategy (resting index plus selective FFR) to assess hemodynamic significance of coronary stenoses depends on FFR distribution
Authors: Nils P. Johnson, Ke Xu, Akiko Maehara, Philippe Genereux, Richard L. Kirkeeide, K.L. Gould, Gregg Stone, Allen Jeremias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)