tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of Bcr-Abl+ leukemia induced by deletion of JAK2
Authors: E Grundschober, A Hoelbl-Kovacic, N Bhagwat, B Kovacic, R Scheicher, E Eckelhart, K Kollmann, M Keller, F Grebien, K-U Wagner, R L Levine, V Sexl
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

Gene discovery efforts and functional studies have credentialed the JAK-STAT signaling pathway as an important pathway contributing to malignant transformation.1 On the basis of these observations, JAK2 kinase inhibitors have been developed for clinical use, and ruxolitinib, a JAK2/JAK1 inhibitor is approved for primary myelofibrosis.2, 3 More importantly, JAK2 inhibitors with different pharmacokinetic properties and off-target effects have entered clinical trials for use in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=ruxolitinib&Search=Search). Recent studies have suggested a role for JAK2 kinase inhibition for patients with breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic tumors4 and clinical trials are evaluating the role of JAK2 inhibitors in epithelial tumors.
Development of Cardiac Murmurs in Successfully Treated Cases of Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Richard T. Beebe, John K. Meneely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE presence of cardiac murmurs as an aid in the diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis has been stressed in the past. Paul et al.1 noted significant murmurs on admission in 100 per cent of their 44 cases treated with penicillin. Levine2 states that "the absence of any murmur is a very reliable clue in eliminating the diagnosis of subacute endocarditis" and comments that he has seen only one case in which no murmurs were heard. White,3 however, mentions the development of murmurs during the course of the disease, and indicates that in rare cases no murmurs are ever present. The . . .
Intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with acute liver failure: A questionable invasive surveillance
Authors: Jacques Bernuau, François Durand
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Abstract Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) in acute liver failure (ALF) is controversial as a result of the reported complication risk (approximately 20%) and limited therapeutic options for intracranial hypertension. Using prospectively collected information from 332 patients with ALF and severe encephalopathy, we evaluated a recent experience with ICP monitoring in the 24 centers constituting the U.S. ALF Study Group. Special attention was given to the rate of complications, changes in management, and outcome after liver transplantation (LT). ICP monitoring was used in 92 patients (28% of the cohort), but the frequency of monitoring differed between centers (P &lt; .001). ICP monitoring was strongly associated with the indication of LT (P &lt; .001). A survey performed in a subset of 58 patients with ICP monitoring revealed intracranial hemorrhage in 10.3% of the cohort, half of the complications being incidental radiological findings. However, intracranial bleeding could have contributed to the demise of 2 patients. In subjects listed for LT, ICP monitoring was associated with a higher proportion of subjects receiving vasopressors and ICP-related medications. The 30-day survival post-LT was similar in both monitored and nonmonitored groups (85% vs. 85%). In conclusion, the risk of intracranial hemorrhage following ICP monitoring may have decreased in the last decade, but major complications are still present. In the absence of ICP monitoring, however, patients listed for LT appear to be treated less aggressively for intracranial hypertension. In view of the high 30-day survival rate after LT, future studies of the impact of intracranial hypertension should also focus on long-term neurological recovery from ALF.
Diagnosis of Primary Cancer of the Liver
Authors: M. C. Kew, H. A. Dos Santos, S. Sherlock
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The diagnosis of primary cancer of the liver was reviewed in 75 patients. A definitive diagnosis was made during life in 63% and in a further 20% this condition was suspected though histological confirmation was obtained only at necropsy. The most common presenting complaints were abdominal pain and weight loss and the most frequent findings hepatomegaly and ascites. Less than one-half of the patients were jaundiced and when present it was usually mild. An arterial bruit was heard over the liver in 25% of the patients. A sudden and unexplained deterioration in a patient known to have cirrhosis or haemochromatosis should raise the possibility of a primary hepatic tumour; this occurred in 24% of our patients. Alpha-fetoprotein was found in the serum of 11 out of 18 cases. The presence of a mass in the liver was frequently confirmed by liver scan, portal venography, or hepatic arteriography, but these showed no features diagnostic of a primary tumour. Liver scan also proved useful in localizing the lesion for biopsy purposes. Definitive diagnosis is dependent on the histological demonstration of the features of the tumour. This can frequently be achieved by percutaneous needle biopsy, which was positive in 38 out of 57 patients. Wedge biopsies were positive in a further nine patients.
Innervation of the bowel in Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: L. Capurso, C. A. Friedmann, A. G. Parks
Journal: BMJ (1969)

radiograph taken in September showed that the hilar glands were subsiding, and she has remained well clinically.Oxyphenbutazone has been shown to favourably influence the pulmonary lesions of sarcoidosis,l but there is no report of subsidence of erythema nodosum in association with this condition, though three cases of erythema nodosum (one associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, two "idiopathic ") have been treated successfully with the drug.2It would seem that oxyphenbutazone and phenylbutazone can be of considerable value in the control of pain in erythema nodosum.
Assessing exercise capacity in chronic heart failure
Authors: M. James, M. Papouchado, A. Rozkovec
Journal: BMJ (1986)

with congestive heart failure -to treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.The mean (SEM) distances walked before treatment by our patients with New York Heart Association class II (five patients) and clss III (10 patients) heart failure were 301 (21) m and 190 (29) m, respectively.These are shorter than those reported by Dr Lipkin and colleagues, perhaps because of the greater age of our patients (mean 77, range 69-83 years).Subsequent subjective reduction in symptoms and objective improvement in performance of daily activities and overall functional ability' appear to be closely related to increases in walking distance.Our experience supports the conclusions-of Dr D P Lipkin and others.As walking is often seen as the yardstick of health by old people2 the six minute walkng test would seem particularly appropriate for elderly patients, for whom more sophisticated testing is not at present widely avail- able or practised.
Childhood-Onset Psychotic Disorders: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Volumetric Differences in Brain Structure
Authors: Sanjiv Kumra, Jay N. Giedd, A. Catherine Vaituzis, Leslie K. Jacobsen, Kathleen McKenna, Jeffrey Bedwell, Susan Hamburger, Jean E. Nelson, Marge Lenane, Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Although childhood-onset schizophrenia is rare, children with brief psychotic symptoms and prominent emotional disturbances commonly present diagnostic and treatment problems. Quantitative anatomic brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of a subgroup of children with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified were compared with those of children with childhood-onset schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects.Anatomic MRIs were obtained for 71 patients (44 with childhood-onset schizophrenia and 27 with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified) and 106 healthy volunteers. Most patients had been treated with neuroleptics. Volumetric measurements for the cerebrum, anterior frontal region, lateral ventricles, corpus callosum, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and midsagittal thalamic area were obtained.Patients had a smaller total cerebral volume than healthy comparison subjects. Analysis of covariance for total cerebral volume and age found that lateral ventricles were larger in both patient groups than in healthy comparison subjects and that schizophrenia patients had a smaller midsagittal thalamic area than both subjects with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified and healthy comparison subjects.Pediatric patients with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified showed a pattern of brain volumes similar to those found in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Neither group showed a decrease in volumes of temporal lobe structures. Prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and clinical follow-up studies of both groups are currently underway to further validate the distinction between these two disorders.
Case of Mania Simulating General Paralysis
Authors: H. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1887)

The temperature fell by crisis in 46, by lysis in 12.The earliest day on which the temperature was normal:The fifth day in 19 cases.The seventh day in 16 cases. ,sixth,, ,, 20 ,, ,, eighth ,, ,, 5 Injection of conjunctitc, present in 59, absent in 1 (second attack).Cory.za, present in 51, absent in 9. Ffaucial catarrh, present in all.(No complaint made in 16.) Bronchial catarrh (detectable with stethoscope), present in 28, absent in 32.Diarrhcea, present in 3, absent in 57.Enlargement of posterior cervical glands, present in 4, absent in 56.Malaise, severe in 44, marked in 12, slight in 3, absent in 1 (second attack).Delirium, present in 9, absent in 51.Rash appeared at end of third or beginning of fourth day in all.Desquamation (affecting face and chest only), present in 59, absent in 1 (second attack).Measley odour, noticeable in 42, not detected in 18.Complications and sequelce, occurred in 48, did not occur in 12. " Weakness" of the eyes in 1 ; laryngeal catarrh in 2; bronchitis, slight in 24, bad in 4 ; ulcerative stomatitis in 1 f Iollicular tonsillitis in 1 ; persistent vomiting in 1 ; diarrhcea in 3 endocarditis in 1 pericarditis with effusion (separate from the last mentioned) in 1 - hcemorrhages (subcutaneous and nasal) in 2; albuminuria (febrile) in 5; persistent annamia in 2.Previozus Disease.1 had previously had measles, 59 had not.19 ,, ,, ,, rotheln,
HIF1α Induces the Recruitment of Bone Marrow-Derived Vascular Modulatory Cells to Regulate Tumor Angiogenesis and Invasion
Authors: Rose Du, Kan V. Lu, Claudia Petritsch, Patty Liu, Ruth Ganss, Emmanuelle Passegué, Hanqiu Song, Scott VandenBerg, Randall S. Johnson, Zena Werb, Gabriele Bergers
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
719-1 Does Vasodepressor Syncope Require Normal Ventricular Function?
Authors: Andrea Natale, Jasbir Sra, Anwer Dhala, Michael Biehl, Abdul Wase, Sanjay Deshpande, Cheryl Maglio, Margaret Budziszewski, Masood Akhtar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
A study of the safety of current gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD)
Authors: D. McLernon, P. Donnan, A. Crozier, J. Dillon, C. Mowat
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de D. J. McLernon et al., pp. 692Endoscopy 2007; 39(08): 844-844DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306966
Oral Delivery of Bioencapsulated Proteins Across Blood–Brain and Blood–Retinal Barriers
Authors: Neha Kohli, Donevan R Westerveld, Alexandra C Ayache, Amrisha Verma, Pollob Shil, Tuhina Prasad, Ping Zhu, Sic L Chan, Qiuhong Li, Henry Daniell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Delivering neurotherapeutics to target brain-associated diseases is a major challenge. Therefore, we investigated oral delivery of green fluorescence protein (GFP) or myelin basic protein (MBP) fused with the transmucosal carrier cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), expressed in chloroplasts (bioencapsulated within plant cells) to the brain and retinae of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3×TgAD) mice, across the blood-brain barriers (BBB) and blood-retinal barriers (BRB). Human neuroblastoma cells internalized GFP when incubated with CTB-GFP but not with GFP alone. Oral delivery of CTB-MBP in healthy and 3×TgAD mice shows increased MBP levels in different regions of the brain, crossing intact BBB. Thioflavin S-stained amyloid plaque intensity was reduced up to 60% by CTB-MBP incubation with human AD and 3×TgAD mice brain sections ex vivo. Amyloid loads were reduced in vivo by 70% in hippocampus and cortex brain regions of 3×TgAD mice fed with bioencapsulated CTB-MBP, along with reduction in the ratio of insoluble amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) to soluble fractions. CTB-MBP oral delivery reduced Aβ42 accumulation in retinae and prevented loss of retinal ganglion cells in 3×TgAD mice. Lyophilization of leaves increased CTB-MBP concentration by 17-fold and stabilized it during long-term storage in capsules, facilitating low-cost oral delivery of therapeutic proteins across the BBB and BRB.
SIDS — A Syndrome in Search of a Cause
Authors: Michael H. Malloy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was initially defined in 1969 with the goal of identifying infants who had similar characteristics before sudden death so that a common underlying mechanism of death might be discovered. The original definition was quite broad, and its development was driven in part by parents of infants whose deaths were unexplained. Since then, the definition has been refined, first by an expert group convened by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and more recently by an expert panel of forensic pathologists whose definition includes several categories of SIDS. This most recent . . .
Testing for BRCA1 in Hereditary Breast Cancer
Authors: Gail H. Vance
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I recently received a lovely and expensive marketing pamphlet from OncorMed of Gaithersburg, Md, announcing the availability of testing for the<i>BRCA1</i>gene by linkage analysis. This was, to my knowledge, the first commercial advertisement for<i>BRCA1</i>testing. Before this time, linkage studies have been performed on a research basis at only a few centers in this country. In order to be considered for linkage, families needed to be large with multiple affected living members. I telephoned the sales representative listed in the brochure to inquire about testing. He responded that the scientific board of OncorMed had decided not to offer testing at the present time. I think that OncorMed has falsely advertised its role in testing for familial cancer. However, with the publicity surrounding testing for<i>BRCA1</i>, advertisements like this only increase the demand for testing to assess individual breast cancer risk. Raising this demand while
OX40: a win–win path to tumor immunity
Authors: Caitlin Sedwick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

![Graphic][1] 

Mice injected with agonist anti-OX40 antibody remain tumor-free after injection with cancer cells. Regulatory T (T reg) cells prevent autoimmunity by keeping self-reactive effector T cells in check, but this suppression becomes counterproductive when the effector cells
The Economic Costs of Non—Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Daniel M. Huse, Gerry Oster, Alice R. Killen, Michael J. Lacey, Graham A. Colditz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Persons with diabetes experience elevated risks of a variety of other illnesses— including circulatory, visual, neurological, renal, and skin disorders—relative to their nondiabetic peers. Previous estimates of the economic burden of diabetes, however, have not taken full account of this related morbidity and mortality and have therefore understated the cost to the nation due to this disease. Accordingly, we estimated the economic costs of type II, or non-insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus, reflecting its contribution to the total burden of disease in the United States. In 1986, non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was responsible for $11.6 billion in health care expenditures, including $6.8 billion for diabetic care and $4.8 billion attributable to an excess prevalence of related (principally cardiovascular) conditions. The human toll of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus included 144 000 deaths—about 6.8% of total US mortality—and the total disability of 951 000 persons. The total economic burden of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in 1986, including health care expenditures and productivity forgone due to disability and premature mortality, was $19.8 billion. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2708-2713)
Responses of adult women to programmed exercise.
Authors: B. Davies, A. Daggett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

A group of eighty healthy women was studied following two months of programmed exercise (3 x 15 mins/per week) at 60 to 80 percent of age-predicted maximum heart rate. Physical work capacity corresponding to a heartrate of 170 bts. (PWC-170) was determined using a bicycle ergometer. Anthropometric and lung function variables were also ascertained prior to (T1) and following training (T2). The post training measurements of this exercise group, compared with measurements of a sedentary control group, displayed significant changes in PWC-170, resting systolic blood pressure and fat index. There were no significant changes in vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), strength and perceived exertion measures (RPE). The implication of these findings are discussed.
Microglial Cells Internalize Aggregates of the Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid β-Protein Via a Scavenger Receptor
Authors: Donata M. Paresce, Richik N. Ghosh, Frederick R. Maxfield
Journal: Neuron (1996)

Microglia are immune system cells associated with Alzheimer's disease plaques containing β-amyloid (Aβ). Murine microglia internalize microaggregates of fluorescently labeled or radioiodinated Aβ peptide 1–42. Uptake was confirmed using aggregates of unlabeled Aβ detected by immunofluorescence. Uptake of Aβ was reduced by coincubation with excess acetyl–low density lipoprotein (Ac–LDL) or other scavenger receptor (SR) ligands, and DiI-labeled Ac–LDL uptake by microglia was blocked by excess Aβ. CHO cells transfected with class A or B SRs showed significantly enhanced uptake of Aβ. These results show that microglia express SRs that may play a significant role in the clearance of Aβ plaques. Binding to SRs could activate inflammation responses that contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Treatment of mildly to moderately photoaged skin with topical tretinoin has a favorable psychosocial effect: A prospective study
Authors: Madhulika A. Gupta, Michael T. Goldfarb, Nicholas J. Schork, Jonathan S. Weiss, Aditya K. Gupta, Charles N. Ellis, John J. Voorhees
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)
Emergence of Distinct Multiarmed Immunoregulatory Antigen-Presenting Cells during Persistent Viral Infection
Authors: Elizabeth B. Wilson, Yoko Kidani, Heidi Elsaesser, Jennifer Barnard, Laura Raff, Christopher L. Karp, Steven Bensinger, David G. Brooks
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)

SummaryDuring persistent viral infection, adaptive immune responses are suppressed by immunoregulatory factors, contributing to viral persistence. Although this suppression is mediated by inhibitory factors, the mechanisms by which virus-specific T cells encounter and integrate immunoregulatory signals during persistent infection are unclear. We show that a distinct population of IL-10-expressing immunoregulatory antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is amplified during chronic versus acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection and suppresses T cell responses. Although acute LCMV infection induces the expansion of immunoregulatory APCs, they subsequently decline. However, during persistent LCMV infection, immunoregulatory APCs are amplified and parallel the viral replication kinetics. Further characterization demonstrates that immunoregulatory APCs are molecularly and metabolically distinct, and exhibit increased expression of T cell-interacting molecules and negative regulatory factors that suppress T cell responses. Thus, immunoregulatory APCs are amplified during viral persistence and deliver inhibitory signals that suppress antiviral T cell immunity and likely contribute to persistent infection.Highlights•LCMV induces a distinct population of IL-10-expressing immunoregulatory APCs•Immunoregulatory APCs are enriched early and sustained in persistent infection•Multiple inhibitory molecules are clustered on immunoregulatory APCs•Immunoregulatory APCs can suppress T cell responses
Potentially oncogenic B-cell activation–induced smaller isoforms of FOXP1 are highly expressed in the activated B cell–like subtype of DLBCL
Authors: Philip J. Brown, Sally L. Ashe, Ellen Leich, Christof Burek, Sharon Barrans, James A. Fenton, Andrew S. Jack, Karen Pulford, Andreas Rosenwald, Alison H. Banham
Journal: Blood (2007)
Emasculation for Ovariotomy.
Authors: Robert Boal
Journal: JAMA (1894)

October, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of September 22, I find a criticism on the paper entitled " Emasculation and Ovariotomy as a Penalty for Crime and the Reformation of Criminals," by Dr. Mark Millikin, of Hamilton, Ohio. In my opinion the Doctor is in error in some of his statements and has misapprehension of the purport of the paper in others. In the beginning of his article, the Doctor says he is heterodox on the proposed penalty for crime and that a belief in castration is the orthodox doctrine of the medical profession. I am sorry for the Doctor's heresy but glad to hear from him that the medical profession adheres to the true faith Throughout his entire article he seems to ignore the rights and well-fare of society and all of his expressions are in sympathy with the criminal who has forfeited many of those rights. He
Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kanji Yamaguchi, Liu Yang, Shannon McCall, Jiawen Huang, Xing Xian Yu, Sanjay K. Pandey, Sanjay Bhanot, Brett P. Monia, Yin-Xiong Li, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

In the early stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), triglycerides accumulate in hepatocytes. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) catalyzes the final step in hepatocyte triglyceride biosynthesis. DGAT2 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment improved hepatic steatosis dramatically in a previous study of obese mice. According to the 2-hit hypothesis for progression of NAFLD, hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. To evaluate this hypothesis, we inhibited DGAT2 in a mouse model of NASH induced by a diet deficient in methionine and choline (MCD). Six-week-old genetically obese and diabetic male db/db mice were fed either the control or the MCD diet for 4 or 8 weeks. The MCD diet group was treated with either 25 mg/kg DGAT2 ASO or saline intraperitoneally twice weekly. Hepatic steatosis, injury, fibrosis, markers of lipid peroxidation/oxidant stress, and systemic insulin sensitivity were evaluated. Hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation, and fibrosis were increased in saline-treated MCD diet-fed mice compared to controls. Treating MCD diet-fed mice with DGAT2 ASO for 4 and 8 weeks decreased hepatic steatosis, but increased hepatic free fatty acids, cytochrome P4502E1, markers of lipid peroxidation/oxidant stress, lobular necroinflammation, and fibrosis. Progression of liver damage occurred despite reduced hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, increased serum adiponectin, and striking improvement in systemic insulin sensitivity.Results from this mouse model would suggest accumulation of triglycerides may be a protective mechanism to prevent progressive liver damage in NAFLD.