tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Absorptive Defect for Triglyceride in Abetalipoproteinemia*
Authors: P. O. Ways, C. M. Parmentier, H. J. Kayden, J. W. Jones, D. R. Saunders, C. E. Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The nature of the gastrointestinal absorptive defect for triglyceride in three subjects with abetalipoproteinemia has been investigated by studying peroral biopsies of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The following conclusions were reached.1) In confirmation of other studies, the abnormal vacuoles within the duodenal absorptive cells of these individuals were lipophilic.2) On chemical analysis there was significantly more mucosal lipid than found in normal fasting specimens, and almost the entire increase was due to triglyceride.3) This excess mucosal lipid was reduced by a low fat diet, but even after 34 days on such a diet there was still an excess of lipophilic material near the villus tip and increased quantities of total lipid and triglyceride when compared with material from normal subjects similarly treated.4) Although there are demonstrable qualitative changes in mucosal and plasma lipids after an acute fat load, they are not quantitatively as great as in normal individuals. Fat balance studies and the qualitative changes in plasma and tissue lipids that do occur after more extended periods on different types of dietary fat do indicate that a considerable percentage of the dietary fat is assimilated. The route by which it is absorbed remains to be clarified.
Contact urticaria caused by stinging nettles
Authors: Anne Kulze, M. Greaves
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Contact urticaria caused by stinging nettles Get access Anne Kulze, Anne Kulze University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina 28401, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Greaves M. Greaves Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE17, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 2, 1 August 1988, Pages 269–270, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03213.x Published: 01 August 1988
Enoxaparin for anticoagulation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: S. James
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An effective and safe alternative to unfractionated heparin

Recent decades have seen a dramatic reduction in short term and long term mortality after acute coronary syndromes, partly owing to the development of effective drug treatments and interventional strategies.1 Outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have improved remarkably because of rapid technical developments and systematic evaluation of periprocedural antithrombotic agents—several new antiplatelet agents have been shown to be highly effective when used in conjunction with PCI. However, experts agree that anticoagulation is also a crucial component of the management of acute coronary syndromes. The anticoagulants currently available for PCI include unfractionated heparin, bivalirudin, and enoxaparin.2 The linked meta-analysis by Silvain and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.e553) adds value by synthesising a large body of literature on the relative effectiveness and safety of the anticoagulant enoxaparin in PCI.3

In the 23 studies covered by the meta-analysis, most of the more than 30 000 patients had an acute coronary syndrome, and in all studies enoxaparin was compared with unfractionated heparin during PCI. Unfractionated heparin has long been considered a cornerstone of angiography and PCI, and it is widely used despite its pharmacological limitations, which include unpredictable effect and no evidence of a clear dose-effect relation. In fact, the use of unfractionated heparin in PCI still lacks strong scientific support, …
Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a Model for Translating the Microbiome
Authors: Curtis Huttenhower, Aleksandar D. Kostic, Ramnik J. Xavier
Journal: Immunity (2014)

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are among the most closely studied chronic inflammatory disorders that involve environmental, host genetic, and commensal microbial factors. This combination of features has made IBD both an appropriate and a high-priority platform for translatable research in host-microbiome interactions. Decades of epidemiology have identified environmental risk factors, although most mechanisms of action remain unexplained. The genetic architecture of IBD has been carefully dissected in multiple large populations, identifying several responsible host epithelial and immune pathways but without yet a complete systems-level explanation. Most recently, the commensal gut microbiota have been found to be both ecologically and functionally perturbed during the disease, but with as-yet-unexplained heterogeneity among IBD subtypes and individual patients. IBD thus represents perhaps the most comprehensive current model for understanding the human microbiome's role in complex inflammatory disease. Here, we review the influences of the microbiota on IBD and its potential for translational medicine.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Heather L. Horton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters4 January 2005Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors after Acute Myocardial InfarctionHeather L. Horton, MD, PhDHeather L. Horton, MD, PhDFrom Scranton, PA 18507.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Although a difference in effect of ACE inhibitors cannot be excluded, the improved survival reported by Pilote and colleagues (1) with ramipril compared with other agents might be alternatively explained by the higher rates of statin and β-blocker use in the ramipril group. The accompanying editorial (2) noted these higher rates, although not as a possible cause of Pilote and colleagues' results.According to Pilote and colleagues' data, ACE inhibitors with best to worst survival rates were ramipril, perindopril, lisinopril, enalapril, quinapril, fosinopril, and captopril. Statin use in these groups was 39.2%, 37%, 30.5%, 21.4%, 26.9%, and ...References1. Pilote L, Abrahamowicz M, Rodrigues E, Eisenberg MJ, Rahme E. Mortality rates in elderly patients who take different angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors after acute myocardial infarction: a class effect? Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:102-12. [PMID: 15262665] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hennessy S, Kimmel SE. Is improved survival a class effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:157-8. [PMID: 15262673] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Scranton, PA 18507. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMortality Rates in Elderly Patients Who Take Different Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors after Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Class Effect? Louise Pilote , Michal Abrahamowicz , Eric Rodrigues , Mark J. Eisenberg , and Elham Rahme Is Improved Survival a Class Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors? Sean Hennessy and Stephen E. Kimmel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors after Acute Myocardial Infarction Louise Pilote and Michal Abrahamowicz Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors after Acute Myocardial Infarction Ulrich Jorde Metrics 4 January 2005Volume 142, Issue 1Page: 78KeywordsACE inhibitorsMyocardial infarctionStatins ePublished: 4 January 2005 Issue Published: 4 January 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Creative Tension: FDA and Medicine
Authors: Donald Kennedy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Since joining the Food and Drug Administration, I have been exposed to a remarkable array of correspondence from well credentialed practicing physicians. Some of them are my former students from Stanford, others are former classmates at Harvard, and still others seem not to require any help from prior acquaintance. Many believe that the FDA is failing in its obligation to the medical profession in several ways: by appearing to ignore the wisdom of clinical experience in its decisions about drugs; by denying American physicians a number of new medicines readily available overseas and unduly delaying those developed domestically; and by . . .
Leprosy-Control Methods
Authors: H. W. Wheate
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The leprosy-control methods suggested by R. S. Buker, MD (<b>193</b>:643, 1965) may be applicable in some areas, but in Tanganyika the village is not a natural social unit, and in consequence the segregation village has had no place in our leprosy-control campaign since 1917. In my opinion, it should be equally outmoded in many other countries with a similar social structure, although doubtless it has a place in those countries instanced by Dr. Buker. It would, however, be both unscientific and foolish to expect this method of leprosy control to be applicable the world over. In his opening remarks Buker says that leprosy control depends upon "treatment sufficiently long to arrest or cure the disease." A more correct criterion is "sufficiently long to render the patient no longer infectious." This obviously is a very different matter. It has been shown that sulfone therapy results in degeneration
Cardiac Myopathy, Probably of Congenital Origin
Authors: HERBERT D. RUTTENBERG, KENNETH L. JUE, LARRY P. ELLIOTT, RAY C. ANDERSON, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The clinical and pathologic findings are presented in a 1-year-old child with an unusual cardiac myopathy of the left ventricle. [see figure in the PDF file] [see figure in the PDF file] The clinical findings suggested the diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk. These features included insidious onset of cardiac failure in the first year of life, massive cardiomegaly with nearly normal pulmonary vasculature, absence of cyanosis and of a cardiac murmur, and electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic findings of left ventricular hypertrophy with severe myocardial ischemia or infarction. [see figure in the PDF file] Angiocardiograph studies, which did not support this diagnosis, revealed an aneurysmally dilated left ventricle with unusual internal septations and loculations. The necropsy showed concentric semicircular muscular ridges and grooves in the apical portion of the left ventricle and a peculiar fibrous endocardial network of the same chamber. It is suggested that this process may be congenital in origin.
PAIN RELIEF IN BURNS
Authors: Charles Harris
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The recent article on the treatment of burns by immersion in ice water prompts me to make a seconding motion. It was quite by accident that I discovered that cooling a severe burn affords immediate relief of pain and is far superior to the ineffective and messy unguents commonly used. I would like to offer a hypothesis for the mechanism of pain relief. The burning probably overexcites the heat receptors, so that they are hyperesthetic at room temperature. It is like an after-image of pain. These receptors probably translate temperature changes above a certain threshold to a chemical reaction which triggers off a nerve impulse. Lowering the temperature slows this reaction; raising the temperature accelerates it. Thus, when burned, the receptors are in a hyperresponsive state; there will be the sensation of burning at room temperature which is counteracted by lowering the environmental temperature. This state of
Clinical patterns of cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infections
Authors: R. Bartralot, V. Garcia-Patos, D. Sitjas, L. Rodriguez-Cano, J. Mollet, N. Martin-Casabona, P. Coll, A. Castells, R.M. Pujol
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infections result from external inoculation, spread of a deeper infection, or haematogenous spread of a disseminated infection. There are two species-specific infections (fish-tank or swimming-pool granuloma, due to Mycobacterium marinum, and Buruli ulcer, caused by M. ulcerans). Most infections, however, produce a nonspecific clinical picture.To define clinical patterns of cutaneous disease in nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.Fifty-one patients with cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infections were reviewed. Clinical and histopathological features of normal hosts and immunosuppressed patients were compared. Two subgroups of immunosuppressed patients were distinguished: patients with cutaneous infection and patients with a disseminated infection and cutaneous involvement.In immunosuppressed patients the number of lesions was significantly higher. Abscesses and ulceration were also more frequently observed. Different species were found in normal hosts and immunosuppressed patients. Several clinical patterns of cutaneous infection were defined: lymphocutaneous or sporotrichoid lesions; nonlymphocutaneous lesions at the site of trauma; folliculitis and furunculosis involving the lower extremities; disseminated lesions on the extremities in immunosuppressed patients. Two patterns were observed in patients with a disseminated infection: localized cutaneous lesions and disseminated cutaneous and mucosal lesions.Cutaneous manifestations of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections may be classified according to criteria such as cutaneous lesions and immune status.
A man with a palpable abdominal mass and night sweats
Authors: A. C. Jewison, V. Tilliridou, E. Skelton, D. C. Howlett, G. Evans
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 78 year old man presented with an eight week history of left sided abdominal pain and back pain, associated with anorexia, 3 kg weight loss, and night sweats. He was previously well, had no medical history of note, was taking no regular drugs, and was an ex-smoker.

On physical examination, he was afebrile, baseline observations were normal, and peripheral pulses were present. Cardiorespiratory assessment was unremarkable. His abdomen was soft, but there was a tender non-pulsatile palpable central mass at the level of the umbilicus. Blood results showed a normochromic, normocytic anaemia with haemoglobin 92 g/L (reference range 130-180), erythrocyte sedimentation rate 75 mm in the first hour (0-22), and C reactive protein 15 mg/L (<3; 1 mg/L=9.52 nmol/L). 

Initial chest and abdominal radiographs showed no abnormalities so a computed tomogram of the abdomen and pelvis was performed (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Axial contrast enhanced computed tomogram at the level of the iliac crest





### 1. What does the computed tomogram show?

#### Short answer

The computed tomogram shows aneurysmal dilation of the abdominal aorta, with a thickened …
Tissue and intrahepatic distribution and subcellular localization of a mannosylated lipoplex after intravenous administration in mice
Authors: Makiko Yamada, Makiya Nishikawa, Shigeru Kawakami, Yoshiyuki Hattori, Takayuki Nakano, Fumiyoshi Yamashita, Mitsuru Hashida
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
33 Regulatory T cells contributed partially to the defective functions of virus-specific exhausted CD8+T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: C.Y. Lin, M.C. Tsai, C.T. Huang, C.W. Hsu, R.N. Chien, Y.C. Chen, I.S. Sheen, Y.F. Liaw
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Improved Technique for Performing Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of Lymph Nodes
Authors: M. S. Bhutani, S. Suryaprasad, J. Moezzi, D. Seabrook
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: Trans-esophageal real-time endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) has emerged as an important technique for sampling perigastrointestinal lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield of EUS-guided FNA of mediastinal lymph nodes using different techniques.
Acute Diabetic Ketoacidosis — A Complication of Intravenous Diazoxide Treatment for Refractory Hypertension
Authors: Stuart J. Updike, Avery R. Harrington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IT has been reported that severe arterial hypertension can be treated effectively and safely with diazoxide given in a series of intravenous injections.1 , 2 During such treatment we have observed the appearance of diabetic ketoacidosis in a nondiabetic patient with impaired renal function.Case ReportA 29-year-old woman, previously in good health, was admitted to the University of Wisconsin Hospitals in July, 1966, after the abrupt onset of hematuria, hypertension, oliguria and azotemia. Renal biopsy on the 19th day of oliguria revealed changes consistent with glomerulonephritis. Treatment with azathioprine was begun, and dialytic support continued until the acute renal failure resolved. . . .
Evidence for Polyclonal Origin of Multifocal Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liang Cheng, Gregory T. MacLennan, Shaobo Zhang, Mingsheng Wang, Ming Zhou, Puay-Hoon Tan, Stephanie Foster, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Rodolfo Montironi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Renal cell carcinomas are often multifocal. We investigated the genomic signatures of multifocal clear cell renal cell carcinoma to determine whether multiple tumors in the same kidney bear a clonal relationship to one another. Experimental Design: A total of 62 tumors from 26 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy were examined. All patients had multiple separate clear cell renal carcinomas. Loss of heterozygosity analyses were done using five microsatellite polymorphic markers that represent putative tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 3p14 (D3S1300), 7q31 (D7S522), 8p22 (D8S261), 9p21 (D9S171), and 17p13 (TP53). X chromosome inactivation analyses were also done on the renal tumors from the 10 female patients. Chromosome 3p deletion status was determined by dual color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in all tumors. Results: Nineteen of the 26 (73%) patients with multifocal clear cell renal cell carcinoma showed allelic loss in at least 1 of 5 microsatellite loci in separate tumors analyzed. A disconcordant pattern of allelic loss between coexisting kidney tumors was observed in 7 cases. Six cases showed discordant 3p deletion patterns by dual color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Of the eight informative female cases studied by X chromosome inactivation, one showed a discordant nonrandom pattern of X chromosome inactivation. Overall, evidence of independent origin of the multifocal renal tumors was observed in 12 of 26 cases (46%). Conclusions: Our data suggest that in a significant number of cases of multifocal clear cell renal cell carcinoma, the spatially separate tumors are of different clonal origin and arise independently.
The show must go on
Authors: R. Baker
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Declarations of conflict of interest usually come at the end of journal articles, but here's mine now. On 12 December 2000 the BMJ 's editor broke new ground by combining the journal's annual Christmas party with a revue of sketches and songs in the style of the traditional medical student show. I performed, alongside 10 other acts that had submitted sketches after editor Richard Smith's published invitation.

Medical student reviews are, of course, not famous for the maturity of their material, and I was interested to see if the BMJ 's version would be any more sophisticated. The answer was yes, and no. It was reassuring that not one performer made jokes at patients' expense. I think we all know now that House of God style sick jokes about ill people are deeply suspect. We are well shot of them.

> Despite tables at the back of the auditorium being stacked with food and drink, none of it was thrown

So rather than patients, the most popular target was health secretary …
Neonatal lupus erythematosus is not always benign
Authors: Andrew G Affleck
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The clinical case described by Dennes and Nelson-Piercy in Minerva (with photograph) described a baby with neonatal cutaneous lupus.1

   ![][1] 

This is a benign and self limiting condition when …

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"Quiet consummation have"
Authors: B. Bridger
Journal: BMJ (1995)

It is a bit late now. I am fighting for the dying rights--not rites--of my husband, an academic, a philosopher, whom we cremated one day last year. That day I was able to stand by his coffin and read aloud Shakespeare's wonderful poem from Cymbeline:

“Fear no more the heat o'the sun Nor the furious winter's rages Thou thy worldly task has done Home art gone and ta'en thy wages… Quiet consummation have And renowned be thy grave!”

Alas, his actual death was not a consummation. He was diagnosed four and a half years ago with a rare cancer, pseudomyxoma, and treated throughout his illness with absolute professionalism, care, and sympathy. This form of cancer is rated indolent, appropriate in my husband's case, for he was a sedentary man given to thinking rather than doing.

His end came suddenly. The previous Wednesday at his regular check up with his oncologist, he had laid no special emphasis on the fact that his collection of lumps was causing him more discomfort. His next appointment was made for December. At the weekend he developed an obstruction. He was vomiting and in pain. I called the doctor …
Drug resistance in Shigella dysenteriae, S flexneri and S boydii in England and Wales: increasing incidence of resistance to trimethoprim.
Authors: R J Gross, E J Threlfall, L R Ward, B Rowe
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A total of 2753 strains of shigella belonging to subgroups A, B, and C that were isolated from patients in England and Wales during the period from 1979 to mid-1983 were studied. Of these, 1690 (61%) were from patients recently returned from abroad or in contact with recent travellers, and 760 (45%) of these affected travellers from the Indian subcontinent. The number of strains resistant to sulphonamides and streptomycin remained at a high level throughout (average 76% and 72% respectively). Resistance to tetracyclines, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol rose, reaching 63%, 51%, and 48%, respectively, in 1982. Strains resistant to trimethoprim were seen in substantial numbers for the first time and increased from 1.3% of all strains in 1979 to 9.9% in 1982 and 16.8% in the first half of 1983. The proportion of patients with recent foreign contact was notably smaller among those with strains resistant to trimethoprim than among those with strains sensitive to trimethoprim. The increase in resistance to trimethoprim might partly result from the use in Britain of compounds containing trimethoprim for the treatment of shigellosis.
In Vivo v In Vitro Susceptibility of Enterococcus to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Glenn L. Goodhart
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Two patients with uncomplicated enterococcal urinary tract infections were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole based on in vitro susceptibilities. Bacteremia developed in both patients and they recovered only after the cessation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration and institution of therapy with penicillin G potassium or vancomycin hydrochloride plus streptomycin sulfate. Although the enterococcus may appear susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in vitro, it escapes the antifolate activity of the drug in vivo by its unique ability to incorporate preformed exogenous folates. The practice by clinical microbiology laboratories of reporting the susceptibilities of the enterococcus to drugs other than the penicillins or vancomycin is misleading and potentially dangerous. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2748-2749)