tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Community violence and urban childhood asthma: a multilevel analysis
Authors: M.J. Sternthal, H-J. Jun, F. Earls, R.J. Wright
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

We examined the association between community violence exposure and childhood asthma risk in a multilevel, multimethod, longitudinal study controlling for individual- and neighbourhood-level confounders and pathway variables. Analyses included 2,071 children aged 0–9 yrs at enrolment from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated the likelihood of asthma, controlling for individual-level (child's age, sex, race/ethnicity, maternal asthma, socioeconomic status and family violence in the home) and neighbourhood-level confounders (concentrated disadvantage, collective efficacy and social disorder), and pathway variables (maternal smoking, breastfeeding). In adjusted analyses, medium (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17–2.19) and high levels (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.12–2.18) of community violence were associated with increased asthma risk, relative to low levels. The increased asthma risk remained for African Americans when models included community violence and all other individual-level covariates, but attenuated to borderline nonsignificance when further adjusting for collective efficacy. Community violence is associated with asthma risk when controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level confounders. Neither community violence, nor the other individual-level factors, fully accounted for the excess asthma burden among African Americans. These data suggest that public health interventions outside the biomedical model may be needed to reduce asthma in disadvantaged populations.
Validation of multiplex immunofluorescence for use in analysis of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Henry Galetta, James Mansfield, Byers Richard, Kenneth K Oguejiofor
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Multiplexed immunohistochemistry (IHC) has the potential to improve conventional IHC staining allowing for analysis of multiple cell phenotypes while maintaining spatial context. Automated multispectral image analysis and computer-based cell recognition make the process more
Scotland doesn't have enough high dependency beds, report says
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A lack of high dependency beds in Scottish hospitals is compromising the care of some patients after surgery, says the first review of anaesthesia services in Scotland.

The report, produced by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland, found that the provision of adequately staffed and equipped high dependency beds in the country was inadequate. This lack is leading to the premature discharge of patients from high dependency units to general wards, where they may not get the same level of postoperative care. It is also leading to delay or cancellation of operations. The report recommends that more beds …
Prevalence of asthma and wheeze in Hong Kong schoolchildren: an international comparative study
Authors: R Leung, J Bishop, CF Robertson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Comparison of asthma prevalence between populations is difficult because of lack of uniformity of methodology and agreement on the definition. This study aims to determine and compare the prevalence of wheeze and respiratory symptoms in Hong Kong schoolchildren with that in Melbourne children by using identical questionnaires. Schools were randomly selected in different regions of Hong Kong and three age groups (7, 12 and 15 yrs) were chosen for the study. The Chinese version of the questionnaire used in a recent Melbourne survey was distributed to children for completion by their parents. A total of 1,800 questionnaires was issued and 1,689 returned (response rate = 94%). The prevalence of wheeze in the past 12 months was 7 (5.1-8.0), 5 (3.0-6.7) and 4 (1.7-5.6) % for 7, 12 and 15 year olds, respectively. The prevalence of a history of asthma in the respective age groups was 10 (7.1-12.9), 8 (7.5-9.2) and 7 (5.0-9.6) %, respectively. Whilst a history of wheeze ever was more common in boys than in girls and 12 yr olds (14% vs 5%), wheeze in the past 12 months was more common in boys than in girls aged 7 yrs (9 vs 4%). We conclude that the prevalence of wheeze and asthma in school children was low in Hong Kong compared to Melbourne. Environmental differences between the two regions may be important in the pathogenesis.
Rationale for Banning Abortions Late in Pregnancy
Authors: M. LeRoy Sprang
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Signaling and Resistance to Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
Authors: Y. Lu, X. Zi, Y. Zhao, D. Mascarenhas, M. Pollak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Trastuzumab (Herceptin), an anti-HER2/neu receptor monoclonal antibody that inhibits growth of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer, is used to treat such cancers. Development of resistance to trastuzumab, however, is common. We investigated whether insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which activates cell survival signals, interferes with the growth-inhibitory action of trastuzumab. Methods: MCF-7/HER2-18 and SKBR3 human breast cancer models were used to assess cell proliferation, colony formation in soft agar, and cell cycle parameters. Throughout, we used trastuzumab at a dose of 10 μg/mL and IGF-I at a dose of 40 ng/mL. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Trastuzumab inhibited the growth of MCF-7/HER2-18 cells, which overexpress HER2/neu receptors and express IGF-I receptors (IGF-IRs), only when IGF-IR signaling was minimized. For example, in 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS), trastuzumab reduced cell proliferation by 42% (P = .002); however, in 10% FBS or IGF-I, trastuzumab had no effect on proliferation. In SKBR3 cells, which overexpress HER2/neu receptor but express few IGF-IRs, trastuzumab reduced proliferation by 42% (P = .008) regardless of IGF-I concentration. When SKBR3 cells were genetically altered to overexpress IGF-IRs and cultured with IGF-I, trastuzumab had no effect on proliferation. However, the addition of IGF-binding protein-3, which decreased IGF-IR signaling, restored trastuzumab-induced growth inhibition. Conclusions: In breast cancer cell models that overexpress HER2/neu, an increased level of IGF-IR signaling appears to interfere with the action of trastuzumab. Thus, strategies that target IGF-IR signaling may prevent or delay development of resistance to trastuzumab.
Circulating MiR-16-5p and MiR-19b-3p as Two Novel Potential Biomarkers to Indicate Progression of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jingpu Zhang, Yang Song, Chunlei Zhang, Xiao Zhi, Hualin Fu, Yue Ma, Yunsheng Chen, Fei Pan, Kan Wang, Jian Ni, Weilin Jin, Xianli He, Haichuan Su, Daxiang Cui
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common cancer in China and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world.Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve theranostics of gastric cancer.Herein, we are for the first time to report miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p were identified to be the novel potential plasma biomarkers to detect gastric cancer.Differentially expressed miRNAs were initially screened out by genome-wide miRNA profiling microarrays between 16 plasma samples of gastric cancer and 18 matched normal controls, and then were quantified and validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method between 155 gastric cancer cases and 111 normal controls.Additionally, 30 plasma samples from precancerous lesions and 18 paired samples from gastric cancer patients with gastrectomy were further detected.Results showed that based on two normalization methods, miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p in plasma were found to be capable of distinguishing normal population from GC cases with different TNM stages and differentiation grades, particularly including the early cancer cases (P<0.05).And the two miRNAs were down-regulated in GC cases (FC<0.5).Especially, the down-regulation degree was correlated with the progression of the GC cases from the early stage to the advanced stage (0.2< r s <0.3, P<0.01).And the same weak down-regulation of the two biomarkers as the early GC occurred initially in the precancerous diseases (P<0.05).The corresponding performance of the two miRNAs to detect GC in ROC analysis gradually performed better with the disease progression from the earlier stages or lower grades to the advanced stages (TNM Ⅳ stage: AUC=0.832 for miR-16-5p; TNM Ⅲ stage: AUC=0.822 for miR-19b-3p) or high grade (Poorly differentiated: AUC=0.801,0.791 respectively for miR- 16-5p and miR-19b-3p).Additionally, miR-19b-3p remained down-regulated in patient plasma within 9 days after gastrectomy.In conclusion, miR-19b-3p and miR-16-5p maybe prospective biomarkers to detect gastric cancer and indicate its progression, and thus may own great potential in applications such as early screening and progression evaluation of gastric cancer in the near future.
Tamoxifen Treatment for Breast Cancer and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Authors: A. J. Swerdlow, M. E. Jones
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Background: Tamoxifen treatment of breast cancer is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but tamoxifen-related risks of endometrial cancer are unclear in premenopausal women, in long-term users of tamoxifen, and in women for whom several years have passed since ending treatment. We conducted a case–control study in Britain to investigate these risks. Methods: We compared treatment information on 813 case patients who had endometrial cancer after their diagnosis for breast cancer and 1067 control patients who had breast cancer but not subsequent endometrial cancer. We assessed risk by conditional logistic regression analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Overall, tamoxifen treatment, compared with no treatment, was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 to 3.0). Risk increased statistically significantly ( Ptrend <.001) with duration of treatment (for ≥5 years of treatment compared with no treatment, OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.6 to 4.8). As an indication of background levels of treatment, 16% of control patients received 5 years or more of treatment. Risk of endometrial cancer adjusted for treatment duration did not diminish in follow-up to at least 5 years after the last treatment ended. Risk of endometrial cancer was not associated with the daily dose of tamoxifen and was comparable in pre- and postmenopausal women. Ever treatment with tamoxifen was associated with a much greater risk of Mullerian and mesodermal mixed endometrial tumors (OR = 13.5, 95% CI = 4.1 to 44.5) than of adenocarcinoma (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.6 to 2.7) or clear cell and papillary serous tumors (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 0.8 to 17.9). Conclusions: There is an increasing risk of endometrial cancer associated with longer tamoxifen treatment, extending well beyond 5 years. The increased risk of endometrial cancer associated with tamoxifen treatment should be considered clinically for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women during treatment and for at least 5 years after the last treatment.
P279 Reduction In Disease Progression With Nintedanib In The Inpulsis Trials
Authors: V. Cottin, H. Taniguchi, H. Collard, L. Richeldi, S. Stowasser, I. Tschoepe, R. Schlenker-Herceg, G. Raghu
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Nintedanib, an intracellular inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, is in development for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The INPULSIS™ trials were two replicate 52-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trials that investigated the efficacy and safety of nintedanib 150 mg twice daily in 1066 patients with IPF. Declines in forced vital capacity (FVC)% predicted of &gt;5% and &gt;10% in patients with IPF have been proposed as indicators of disease progression and have been associated with reduced survival. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine the effect of nintedanib on changes in FVC% predicted in the INPULSIS™ trials. <h3>Methods</h3> The proportions of patients with absolute and relative declines in FVC% predicted of &gt;5% and &gt;10% at week 52 in each INPULSIS™ trial were determined in a post-hoc analysis. <h3>Results</h3> In each trial, a significantly greater proportion of patients in the placebo group had an absolute decline in FVC% predicted of &gt;5% compared with the nintedanib group. In INPULSIS™-1, a significantly greater proportion of patients in the placebo group had an absolute decline in FVC% predicted of &gt;10% compared with the nintedanib group; the difference between groups in INPULSIS™-2 was numerically in favour of nintedanib but did not reach statistical significance. In each trial, significantly greater proportions of patients in the placebo group had relative declines in FVC% predicted of &gt;5% and &gt;10% compared with the nintedanib group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In the INPULSIS™ trials, nintedanib reduced the proportion of patients with IPF who experienced disease progression as measured by categorical FVC decline.
Failure of bacteriophage typing to detect an inter-hospital outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Zagreb subsequently identified by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
Authors: Arjana Tambic Andrasevic, Eddie G.M. Power, Richard M. Anthony, Smilja Kalenic, Gary L. French
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1999)
Focal Adhesion Kinase, Rap1, and Transcriptional Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: E. A. Sheta
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: Signals from a cell's environment are sensed by receptors, which activate pathways that, in turn, transmit the signals to the nucleus, informing decisions on growth, angiogenesis, and other cell functions. Transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, can be induced by cell–cell contact. In the current work, we sought to determine if this induction is dependent on transformation of cells to a malignant phenotype and subsequently to determine which signaling molecules mediate activation of VEGF transcription. Methods: Normal and transformed prostate epithelial cell lines were examined at various cell densities to simulate the effect of increased cell contact on expression of VEGF messenger RNA. Transformed cells were also cotransfected with a VEGF promoter-reporter construct and with constructs that express dominant negative or activated versions of signal transduction proteins hypothesized to be involved in the cell–cell contact process, and reporter activity was assessed at various cell densities. All P values are two-sided. Results: Direct cell–cell contact, but not extracellular matrix components, resulted in transcriptional activation of a VEGF promoter-reporter construct in malignant (P<.0001) but not in nonmalignant (P = .37) prostate cells. This process was mediated via a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); it required the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rap1, and Raf and was Ras independent. In addition, transcriptional activation of a Ras-sensitive Elk-1 chimeric reporter by cell–cell contact suggests that Rap1 is a key factor in regulating the specificity of convergent MAPK-signaling pathways arising from different upstream extracellular stimuli. Conclusions: Cell contact induction of VEGF transcription via FAK and Rap1 provides a novel Ras-independent, but transformation-dependent, mechanism for stimulus-specific regulation of tumor VEGF expression via MAPK.
Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Lung Cancer Risk: a Case-Control Analysis
Authors: H. Yu, M. R. Spitz, J. Mistry, J. Gu, W. K. Hong, X. Wu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), in particular IGF-I and IGF-II, strongly stimulate the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, including those from lung cancer. To examine the possible causal role of IGFs in lung cancer development, we compared plasma levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and an IGF-binding protein (IGFBP-3) in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer and in control subjects. METHODS: From an ongoing hospital-based, case-control study, we selected 204 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed, primary lung cancer and 218 control subjects who were matched to the case patients by age, sex, race, and smoking status. IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 plasma levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and then divided into quartiles, based on their distribution in the control subjects. Associations between the IGF variables and lung cancer risk were estimated by use of odds ratios (ORs). Reported P values are two-sided. RESULTS: IGF and IGFBP-3 levels were positively correlated (all r >.27; all P <.001). High plasma levels of IGF-I were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-3.56; P = .01), and this association was dose dependent in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Plasma IGFBP-3 showed no association with lung cancer risk unless adjusted for IGF-I level; when both of these variables were analyzed together, high plasma levels of IGFBP-3 were associated with reduced risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.25-0.92; P = .03). IGF-II was not associated with lung cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of IGF-I are higher and plasma levels of IGFBP-3 are lower in patients with lung cancer than in control subjects. If these findings can be confirmed in prospective studies, measuring levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in blood may prove useful in assessing lung cancer risk.
Association Between Maternal Smoking and Increased Symptom Severity in Tourette’s Syndrome
Authors: Carol A. Mathews, Brianne Bimson, Thomas L. Lowe, Luis Diego Herrera, Cathy L. Budman, Gerald Erenberg, Allen Naarden, Ruth D. Bruun, Nelson B. Freimer, Victor I. Reus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Substantial evidence suggests that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development and clinical expression of Tourette's syndrome. Although genetic studies of Tourette's syndrome are common, studies of environmental factors are relatively few and have not identified consistent risk factors across studies. This study examines in a large cohort of subjects (N=180) the relationship between prenatal/perinatal adverse events with Tourette's syndrome severity as determined by tic severity and rates of commonly comorbid disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and self-injurious behavior. Method: Tic severity, OCD, ADHD, self-injurious behavior, and exposure to a variety of prenatal/perinatal events were systematically assessed in all subjects enrolled in three genetic studies of Tourette's syndrome. Using linear and logistic regression, a best-fit model was determined for each outcome of interest. Results: Prenatal maternal smoking was strongly correlated with increased tic severity and with the presence of comorbid OCD in these Tourette's syndrome subjects. Other variables, such as paternal age and subject's birth weight, were significantly but less strongly associated with increased symptom severity. The authors found no association between symptom severity and hypoxia, forceps delivery, or hyperemesis during pregnancy, which have been previously identified as risk factors. Conclusions: This study identifies prenatal maternal smoking as a strong risk factor for increased symptom severity in Tourette's syndrome.
Patterns of Transitional Mutation Biases Within and Among Mammalian Genomes
Authors: M. S. Rosenberg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Significant transition/transversion mutation bias is a well-appreciated aspect of mammalian nuclear genomes; however, patterns of bias among genes within a genome and among species remain largely uncharacterized. Understanding these patterns is important for understanding similarities and differences in mutational patterns among genomes and genomic regions. Therefore, we have conducted an analysis of 7,587 pairs of sequences of 4,347 mammalian protein-coding genes from seven species (human, mouse, rat, cow, sheep, pig, and macaque) and from the introns of 51 gene pairs and multiple intergenic regions (37 kbp, 52 kbp and 65 kbp) from the human, chimpanzee, and baboon genomes. Our analyses show that genes and regions with widely varying base composition exhibit uniformity of transition mutation rate both within and among mammalian lineages, as long as the transitional mutations caused by CpG hypermutability are excluded. The estimates show no relationship to potential intrachromosomal or interchromosomal effects. This uniformity points to similarity in point mutation processes in genomic regions with substantially different GC-content biases.