tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Survival in Older Cancer Patients
Authors: J. S. Goodwin, J. M. Samet, W. C. Hunt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

We and others have previously described a number of characteristics that are associated with delays in diagnosis and increased risk for inadequate treatment of older women and men with cancer. These characteristics include poor social support, limited access to transportation, and impaired cognition. However, there is little information on how these factors influence survival of older cancer patients. The purpose of the study was to determine which patient characteristics predicted survival up to 10 years after the diagnosis of cancer. In 1984, we initiated a population-based study of men and women who were 65 years of age or older, living in a six-county area of New Mexico, and newly diagnosed with cancer. For 646 individuals with cancer of the breast (n = 188), prostate (n = 247), or colon or rectum (n = 211), we assessed patient baseline characteristics, disease stage at diagnosis, and adequacy of treatment (definitive or nondefinitive) as determinants of survival for up to 10 years following diagnosis. Multivariate survival models were used to analyze the data; all P values were two-sided. In multivariate analyses, we first included all patient characteristics, except the stage at diagnosis and the adequacy of treatment. In this initial analysis, the following were among variables that were significantly associated with patient survival: age, education, cancer knowledge, ethnic group, and cognitive status. When stage at diagnosis and adequacy of treatment were added to the model, both advanced stage at diagnosis (hazard ratio = 1.7 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.3–2.1] for diagnosis at regional stage versus local stage; hazard ratio = 3.0 [95% CI = 2.0–4.7] for distant stage versus local stage) and inadequate treatment (hazard ratio = 1.6 [95% CI = 1.1–2.3]) were associated with poor survival. However, adding stage at diagnosis and adequacy of treatment to the analysis had little influence on the magnitude of the effect of patient characteristics on survival. In separate analyses of patient data by cancer site, receipt of nondefinitive therapy was associated with increased mortality among patients with colon/rectal cancer (hazard ratio = 7.8 [95% CI = 2.8–21.4]) and breast cancer (hazard ratio = 2.2 [95% CI = 1.1–4.3]) but not among patients with prostate cancer (hazard ratio = 1.0 [95% CI = 0.6–1.9]). Advanced stage at diagnosis and inadequate treatment of older cancer patients are associated with poor survival. Impaired cognition and inadequate education in elderly patients are also associated with poor survival. This decreased survival does not appear to be a consequence of known barriers to health care that are responsible for delays in diagnosis and for inadequate treatment. Efforts to facilitate early diagnosis and receipt of definitive treatment for cancer in older individuals may improve their survival. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 1031–8]
A case of angiosarcoma of the face successfully treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: L. Amato, S. Moretti, G.M. Palleschi, I. Gallerani, A. Franchi, P. Fabbri
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article A case of angiosarcoma of the face successfully treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy Get access L. Amato, L. Amato Second Dermatology Clinic, Department of Dermatological Science and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Moretti, S. Moretti Second Dermatology Clinic, Department of Dermatological Science and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.M. Palleschi, G.M. Palleschi Second Dermatology Clinic, Department of Dermatological Science and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Gallerani, I. Gallerani Second Dermatology Clinic, Department of Dermatological Science and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Franchi, A. Franchi Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Fabbri P. Fabbri Second Dermatology Clinic, Department of Dermatological Science and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 4, 1 April 2000, Pages 822–824, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03439.x Published: 01 April 2000
Selective Effects of Glucocerebroside (Gaucher's Storage Material) on Macrophage Cultures
Authors: Igal Gery, J. Samuel Zigler, Roscoe O. Brady, John A. Barranger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Although the enzymatic lesion in Gaucher's disease is well established, little is known concerning the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the clinical manifestations of the disease. In order to obtain insight into this unexplored aspect of Gaucher's disease, we examined the effects of glucocerebroside (GL1) at the cellular level in monolayers of cultured murine macrophages. The addition of GL1 to these cultures stimulated the macrophages to release increased amounts of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) and lysosomal enzymes into the medium. These responses were proportional to the amount of GL1 added to the culture. At higher levels of GL1 (≥20 μg/ml), lactic dehydrogenase, a cytoplasmic enzyme was also released indicating cellular damage at these doses. Intracellular LAF also increased in macrophages incubated with the high doses of GL1, demonstrating an increase in total LAF production by these cells. Lipopolysaccharide acted synergistically with GL1 and stimulated the release of exceedingly high levels of LAF which had a molecular weight profile similar to that of LAF released by exposure to lipopolysaccharide alone. Unlike GL1, galactocerebroside, sphingomyelin, and ceramidetrihexoside, exerted little or no effect on the release of macrophage products. The effect of GL1 was selective for macrophages since addition of this material to mouse lens epithelial cells had no detectable cytotoxic effect and it was only slightly toxic to lymphocytes or P815 cells in concentrations at which macrophages were clearly affected. A direct relationship was observed between the cytotoxicity of the sphingolipids and their accumulation in various cells. Macrophages accumulated large amounts of GL1 but not sphingomyelin, whereas the other cells examined in this investigation did not accumulate either of these lipids. Human monocytes, like murine macrophages, also release increased amounts of LAF when incubated with GL1. The effect of GL1 was dose-responsive and synergy was found with lipopolysaccharide. The relevance of these findings to the pathogenesis of Gaucher's disease is considered.
A Lecture ON THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE PARALYSIS: A STUDY IN BIOLOGY: Delivered to the Melbourne Medical Students' Society
Authors: W. MacKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1915)

I iOPE to recount tlle resuLlts of nmy work on infantile paralysis carried on duiringF the last eight yeat-s.The disease is widespread in its incidence, alid essentially of time fitst few years of life.It attacks aippat-ently the imiost lhealtly types, ald, unle*s tlle co-rect treatnient is recog- ilized, it ruinls physically tllose it is unable to slay, cOilvertiDtg perhaps in a night the hlealtlly cllild into a Cr ipple.PATHOLOGY.
Electrophysiologic Properties of Isolated Preparations of Human Atrial Myocardium
Authors: HENRY GELBAND, HARRY L. BUSH, MICHAEL R. ROSEN, ROBERT J. MYERBURG, BRIAN F. HOFFMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The electrophysiologic properties of human atrium were studied with intracellular microelectrodes in 22 preparations of human right atrial tissue obtained at the time of corrective open heart surgery. Two types of fibers were identified: the first had electrical characteristics typical of atrial contractile cells and the second those of atrial specialized fibers. Automaticity developed only in the latter type of cell. In 36 impalements of specialized atrial fibers, resting membrane potential was -86 ± 5 mv (mean ±SD), transmembrane action potential amplitude was 102 ± 12 mv, transmembrane action potential overshoot was 16 ± 4 mv. Similar results were obtained in 49 impalements of contractile fibers. Conduction velocity measured 0.28-0.33 m/sec in contractile fibers and 0.41-0.45 m/sec in specialized atrial fibers. Action potential duration of specialized atrial fibers was linearly related to the basic cycle length between 200 and 1000 msec. At cycle lengths greater than 1000 msec the increase in action potential duration was no longer linear. There was a decrease of 58 mv in resting membrane potential of specialized atrial fibers when exposed to a tenfold increase in extracellular [K + ]. This decrease occurred in a linear fashion in [K + ] above 5 mM. These experiments provide reference values for future studies dealing with electrophysiology of human atrial tissue.
Aspects of quality of life in hemodialysis patients.
Authors: P L Kimmel, R A Peterson, K L Weihs, S J Simmens, D H Boyle, I Cruz, W O Umana, S Alleyne, J H Veis
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

The proper means of measuring quality of life in chronically ill patients is unclear. Because different measures may assess varied aspects of patients' experience and because they may be interrelated in different ways, the relationship between several of these quality-of-life measures, including indices of psychological well-being, social support, and severity of illness in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis (HD), was prospectively assessed. In addition, it was determined whether patients' assessment of quality of life, along any dimension, was related to patient compliance in three urban HD units, in a population largely composed of African-American patients. Severity of illness scores correlated with both attendance and compliance with the dialysis prescription. Karnofsky scores correlated inversely with age, depression, social environment, and level of severity of illness, as expected, but not with behavioral compliance measures. Social support scores correlated with perception of illness, depression, satisfaction with life, and adjustment to illness scores, but not with behavioral or standard compliance measures. Perception of illness scores correlated with depression, social support, adjustment to illness, and satisfaction with life scores, but not with Karnofsky ratings, severity scores, or standard and/or behavioral compliance measures. Social environment scores correlated with almost all assessed variables, with the exception of anthropometric measurements, predialysis phosphorus levels, and behavioral compliance measures. Satisfaction with life scores (a global, subjective measure of quality of life) correlated with advancing age, level of social support, severity of illness, and the presence of a relationship, but were not correlated with Karnofsky scores. These data suggest that quality of life in patients treated with HD must be measured in several ways. The Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale Social Environment score may be a useful, generalizable adjunct measure of quality of life in HD patients, in addition to the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Quality of life and perception of the effects of illness are not necessarily associated with functional ability in HD patients. These findings must be considered where making decisions about the discontinuation of HD treatment.
Absolute benefits of medical therapies in phase III clinical trials for breast and colorectal cancer
Authors: B. Seruga, P.C. Hertz, L. Wang, C.M. Booth, D.W. Cescon, M. Krzyzanowska, I.F. Tannock
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)

Phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have become larger and are powered to detect small absolute benefits. Temporal changes in absolute benefits of experimental medical therapies reported in RCTs are unknown.We identified all RCTs with sample size > or =200 evaluating experimental medical therapies for breast and colorectal cancer published from 1975 to 2007. We assessed changes over three decades in absolute differences in time-to-event end points between experimental and control arms by (i) the usual method (i.e. at one point) and (ii) as the area between time-to-event curves up to a predefined time.We identified 236 eligible RCTs of which 57% (N = 135) evaluated adjuvant treatments. Experimental treatments became more often compared with active treatments (48% versus 59% versus 81%; P < 0.0001). Median absolute benefits of experimental adjuvant treatments decreased but outcomes in control arms improved with time. For RCTs evaluating metastatic disease, there were no changes in absolute benefit over time but incremental monthly costs of new approved treatments increased with time by 100-fold (P < 0.0001).In RCTs of breast and colorectal cancer, new effective adjuvant treatments show decreasing absolute benefit, while new treatments of metastatic disease show unchanging levels of benefit at rapidly escalating costs.
Promoting Good Clinical Care to Prevent Elder Abuse
Authors: Stéfanie Monod
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Executive Summary
Authors: Sana M. Al-Khatib, William G. Stevenson, Michael J. Ackerman, William J. Bryant, David J. Callans, Anne B. Curtis, Barbara J. Deal, Timm Dickfeld, Michael E. Field, Gregg C. Fonarow, Anne M. Gillis, Christopher B. Granger, Stephen C. Hammill, Mark A. Hlatky, José A. Joglar, G. Neal Kay, Daniel D. Matlock, Robert J. Myerburg, Richard L. Page
Journal: Circulation (2017)
Primary treatment of multiple myeloma with thalidomide, vincristine, liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone(T-VAD doxil): a phase II multicenter study
Authors: K Zervas, M A Dimopoulos, E Hatzicharissi, A Anagnostopoulos, M Papaioannou, Ch Mitsouli, P Panagiotidis, J Korantzis, M Tzilianos, A Maniatis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Hospital Mortality, Length of Stay, and Preventable Complications Among Critically Ill Patients Before and After Tele-ICU Reengineering of Critical Care Processes
Authors: Craig M. Lilly
Journal: JAMA (2011)

The association of an adult tele-intensive care unit (ICU) intervention with hospital mortality, length of stay, best practice adherence, and preventable complications for an academic medical center has not been reported.To quantify the association of a tele-ICU intervention with hospital mortality, length of stay, and complications that are preventable by adherence to best practices.Prospective stepped-wedge clinical practice study of 6290 adults admitted to any of 7 ICUs (3 medical, 3 surgical, and 1 mixed cardiovascular) on 2 campuses of an 834-bed academic medical center that was performed from April 26, 2005, through September 30, 2007. Electronically supported and monitored processes for best practice adherence, care plan creation, and clinician response times to alarms were evaluated.Case-mix and severity-adjusted hospital mortality. Other outcomes included hospital and ICU length of stay, best practice adherence, and complication rates.The hospital mortality rate was 13.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.9%-15.4%) during the preintervention period compared with 11.8% (95% CI, 10.9%-12.8%) during the tele-ICU intervention period (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.40 [95% CI, 0.31-0.52]). The tele-ICU intervention period compared with the preintervention period was associated with higher rates of best clinical practice adherence for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (99% vs 85%, respectively; OR, 15.4 [95% CI, 11.3-21.1]) and prevention of stress ulcers (96% vs 83%, respectively; OR, 4.57 [95% CI, 3.91-5.77], best practice adherence for cardiovascular protection (99% vs 80%, respectively; OR, 30.7 [95% CI, 19.3-49.2]), prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (52% vs 33%, respectively; OR, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.79-2.70]), lower rates of preventable complications (1.6% vs 13%, respectively, for ventilator-associated pneumonia [OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09-0.23] and 0.6% vs 1.0%, respectively, for catheter-related bloodstream infection [OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93]), and shorter hospital length of stay (9.8 vs 13.3 days, respectively; hazard ratio for discharge, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.33-1.56]). The results for medical, surgical, and cardiovascular ICUs were similar.In a single academic medical center study, implementation of a tele-ICU intervention was associated with reduced adjusted odds of mortality and reduced hospital length of stay, as well as with changes in best practice adherence and lower rates of preventable complications.
Cell surface immunoglobulin. XX. Antibody responsiveness of subpopulations of B lymphocytes bearing different isotypes.
Authors: Dorothy Yuan, Ellen S. Vitetta, John R. Kettman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Murine spleen cells were depleted of specific B-cell subpopulations bearing different immunoglobulin isotypes by means of complement-mediated cytolysis after treatment with antisera specific for micron- and gamma-chains. The functional effect of this depletion was measured by assaying both the primary and secondary plaque-forming cell responses of the residual cells after transfer to carrier-primed lethally irradiated hosts. The results suggest that cells bearing IgM are the progenitors of plaque-forming cells in the primary response and cells bearing IgG are the major progenitors of IgG plaque-forming cells in the secondary response. The quantity of IgM on progenitors of secondary IgM plaque-forming cells decreases markedly as the interval between primary immunization and antigenic challenge increases. Long-term memory cells for the secondary IgM response bear small amounts of both IgM and IgG.
Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis With Fluoride and Calcium
Authors: B. Lawrence Riggs, Stephen F. Hodgson, David L. Hoffman, Patrick J. Kelly, Kenneth A. Johnson, Donald Taves
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Thirty-six patients with primary osteoporosis were treated for up to six years with sodium fluoride, calcium supplements, and, in 24 patients, vitamin D. Major adverse reactions (synovitis, painful plantar fascial syndrome, recurrent vomiting, or anemia) occurred in 15 patients (42%). New vertebral fractures occurred at a rate of 329 fractures per 1,000 years of observation. Almost half of them occurred during the first year of therapy, and they were only one sixth as frequent in 12 patients who had fluoride-induced increased trabeculation on vertebral roentogenograms. Nevertheless, until long-term safety and antifracture efficacy are better established, this regimen should continue to be restricted to investigational use.
Maximal histalog test in control subjects and patients with peptic ulcer.
Authors: K G Wormsley, M I Grossman
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This is a very valuable detailed analysis of the maximal histalog test.The studies suggest that increased parietal cell mass in duodenal ulcer is unlikely to be the most important factor in its pathophysiology.It was noted that impaired secretory capacity suggesting mucosal damage is associated with peptic ulcer in a considerable proportion of patients of all categories.on July 11,
Good respiratory practice in primary care
Authors: C P VAN SCHAYCK
Journal: Thorax (2001)

It is estimated that approximately 85% of all patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK1 and in the Netherlands2 are treated by a general practitioner (GP). This underlines the importance of providing good medical respiratory care in general practice. Strangely enough, guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and COPD have mainly been written by national or international thoracic societies. Of course, the GP has many diseases to deal with other than asthma and COPD alone, so one could argue that it is the chest physician who is the specialist and should therefore be the one to produce these guidelines. However, the patients seen by chest physicians often differ from those seen by GPs in the severity of their disease and consequently in their treatment. It would therefore seem logical to include primary care experts in asthma and COPD guideline panels in order to improve respiratory practice in primary care.

Research has shown that currently there are deficiencies in respiratory practice related …
Coarctation of the Aorta with Congenital Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: MICHAEL D. FREED, JOHN F. KEANE, RICHARD VAN PRAAGH, ALDO R. CASTAÑEDA, WILLIAM F. BERNHARD, ALEXANDER S. NADAS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Among 861 infants and children with coarctation of the aorta examined between 1950 and 1973, inclusive, 18 (2.1%) also had congenital mitral regurgitation (MR). Resection of the coarctation of the aorta was performed in 16 of these 18 patients (89%). There were three operative deaths early in the series, giving a total mortality rate of 18% since 1950. Over the past decade, mortality in this group has been reduced to zero. Mitral valve replacement was performed following resection of the coarctation in 2/13 patients (13%), both successfully. The follow-up of the 13 postoperative patients and the two who have not undergone surgery has ranged from 5 to 18 years, with a median of nine years. At the last examination, an appreciable pressure gradient persisted between the right arm and the legs in 4/15 patients (27%). Weight remained below the third percentile in none. The clinical picture of congestive heart failure was present in none, but significant cardiomegaly was found radiologically in 11/15 (73%) and the electrocardiogram remained abnormal in 8/15 (53%). Over the period of follow-up, the MR became clinically worse in 4/15 patients (27%), remained unchanged in 7/15 (47%), and improved following resection of the coarctation in 4/15 patients (27%). The pathologic anatomy of congenital MR associated with coarctation of the aorta was reviewed and classified. Two unique cases were presented — rupture of chordae tendineae and perforation of the posterior leaflet, both apparently congenital. When mitral surgery becomes necessary, an understanding of the pathologic anatomy of congenital MR may well make it possible to avoid mitral valve replacement in selected cases.