tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors Reduce Mortality in Diabetic Patients With Non–ST-Segment-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Marco Roffi, Derek P. Chew, Debabrata Mukherjee, Deepak L. Bhatt, Jennifer A. White, Christopher Heeschen, Christian W. Hamm, David J. Moliterno, Robert M. Califf, Harvey D. White, Neal S. Kleiman, Pierre Théroux, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Because this disease may be associated with increased platelet aggregation, we investigated whether diabetic patients with ACS derive particular benefit from platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition. Methods and Results We performed a meta-analysis of the diabetic populations enrolled in the 6 large-scale platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor ACS trials: PRISM, PRISM-PLUS, PARAGON A, PARAGON B, PURSUIT, and GUSTO IV. Among 6458 diabetic patients, platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibition was associated with a significant mortality reduction at 30 days, from 6.2% to 4.6% (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.92; P =0.007). Conversely, 23 072 nondiabetic patients had no survival benefit (3.0% versus 3.0%). The interaction between platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibition and diabetic status was statistically significant ( P =0.036). Among 1279 diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during index hospitalization, the use of these agents was associated with a mortality reduction at 30 days from 4.0% to 1.2% (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.69; P =0.002). Conclusions This meta-analysis, including the entire large-scale trial experience of intravenous platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors for the medical management of non–ST-segment-elevation ACS, shows that these agents may significantly reduce mortality at 30 days in diabetic patients. Although not based on a randomized assessment, the survival benefit appears to be of greater magnitude in patients undergoing PCI. Therefore, the use of platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors should be strongly considered in diabetic patients with ACS.
2S methionine‐rich protein (SSA) from sunflower seed isan IgE‐binding protein*
Authors: J. D. Kelly, S. L. Hefle
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Sunflower seed contains 2S albumins that in other crops have been associated with allergenicity. The sunflower seed methionine‐rich 2S albumin (SSA) may be an IgE‐binding protein responsible for anaphylactic reactions in some sunflower seed‐sensitive subjects. The objective was to demonstrate that SSA is an IgE‐binding protein. Methods: SSA was purified and the amino‐acid sequence determined. The degree of purity of SSA was evaluated by silver staining, and its IgE‐binding capacity by immunoblotting with serum from a subject with a convincing clinical history of anaphylaxis to sunflower seed. Results: The amino‐acid sequence confirmed that the purified protein was the mature form of the methionine‐rich storage protein SSA from sunflower seed ( Helianthus annuus ). The SSA was specifically recognized by IgE from the serum of the sunflower seed‐allergic subject. Conclusions: SSA is an IgE‐binding protein, and subjects allergic to sunflower seed whose IgE binds to SSA are at risk of developing allergic reactions if they consume SSA.
Challenges at the Intersection of Team-Based and Patient-Centered Health Care
Authors: Matthew K. Wynia, Isabelle Von Kohorn, Pamela H. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (2012)

TEAM-BASED HEALTH CARE MAY HELP THE UNITED STATES achieve improved health and improved health care at asustainablecost. It iscentraltomanyreformsofhealth care delivery, both actual and proposed. Team-based carecanoccur inmanysettings (eg,home,office,hospital); focus on different problems (eg, specific diseases); and include teammemberswithavarietyofbackgrounds.Healthcareteams can be large or small, centralized or dispersed, virtual or faceto-face, and their tasks can be focused and brief or broad and lengthy.Thisextremeheterogeneity in tasks, foci, andsettings presentsachallengetodefiningoptimalteam-basedhealthcare. Recently,we ledaworkinggroup—ateamcomprisingapatientadvocate,physician, registerednurse,physicianassistant, social worker, and pharmacist—convened by the Institute of Medicine(IOM)toexplorethefoundationsofteam-basedhealth care. The background work included structured discussions with high-functioning teams from a variety of settings, which revealedthatsuchteamsareguidedbyasetofsharedprinciples and values that can be measured, compared, learned, and replicated (BOX). These principles and values are seemingly straightforward. But considering the realities of implementation and spread of team-basedcarealignedwiththeseprinciplesandvaluesraised difficult issues—3 of which deserve focused attention.
Compensated Low-Dose ^131I Therapy of Graves' Disease
Authors: CORBIN P. ROUDEBUSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

To minimize the high rate of residual thyrotoxicosis encountered in low-dose 131I therapy of Graves' disease, we have treated 62 patients with a low-dose 131I protocol that includes a compensation for thyroid size. Dose varied between 40 µCi retained/g for glands of normal size to 100 µCi/g for glands of 100 g or greater. Mean dose was 51.9 µCi/g. At 1 year after therapy, 66.1% of subjects were euthyroid, 9.7% hypothyroid, and 24.2% hyperthyroid, a significant improvement (P < 0.01) over our previous experience using 50 µCi/g independent of gland size. Several factors, other than 131I dose, which might influence the outcome of therapy, were investigated. Initial free thyroxine index observed before therapy was found to have prognostic significance. Hypothyroidism developed only in patients having an initial free thyroxine index of 22.5 or less (about 2.5 times the upper limit of normal in our laboratory).
Jonhn Hughes Bennett and Alexander Hughes Bennett
Authors: Arthur E. Lyons
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your biographer (<b>208</b>:857, 1969) confused the lives of two great men, John Hughes Bennett (1812-1875) and his son Alexander Hughes Bennett (1848-1901 ). Both were prominent, each in his own right, and do not need to be combined to make a good story. The first part of the article dealt with the father, and the second part with the son. Jurgen Thorwald in his excellent book,<i>The Triumph of Surgery</i>, New York: Pantheon Books, 1960, in a well-thought-out story on the first successful removal of a brain tumor diagnosed by neurological means, reveals that John Hughes Bennett died of a brain tumor that could have been removed surgically, had the knowledge and means been at hand. This event apparently influenced his son Alexander to prevail upon Sir Rickman Godlee-Lister's nephew, to operate in November 1884, some nine years later, upon a malignant glioma, thus originating modern neurosurgery.
Book: Poor Health: Social Inequality before and after the Black Report
Authors: P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Eds Virginia Berridge, Stuart Blume Frank Cass, £17.50, pp 235 ISBN 0 7146 8310 8 http://www.frankcass.com/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> The most memorable press conference I have ever attended took place in hastily improvised premises behind a guitar shop in Soho, London, in 1987. It had been intended to take place at the nearby Health Education Council, to which I had been hurrying when to my surprise I saw various eminent worthies, including Sir Douglas Black, traipsing towards me with a retinue of journalists. They had been turfed out of the Health Education Council at the last moment when the political implications of the publication they were about to launch suddenly dawned on the council chairman. He hamfistedly tried to distance the organisation from the report at the 11th hour, though his … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Hypersensitivity to Purified Trypsin and Chymotrypsin
Authors: Calderon Howe, Bernard F. Erlanger, Sam M. Beiser, Solon A. Ellison, William Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

A NUMBER of proteolytic enzymes have gained wide acceptance for clinical use.1 They are employed in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease, particularly superficial thrombophlebitis, for the relief of bronchial obstruction due to inspissated secretions in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, for the débridement of body surfaces covered with necrotic tissue, for the reduction of hematomas and edema resulting from trauma, in various acute ophthalmic inflammatory conditions and as an adjunct to cataract surgery.2 Commercial preparations include trypsin or chymotrypsin or both, derived from mammalian pancreas, incorporated in sesame oil for intramuscular injection, in tablets for oral administration, in nose . . .
Adaptation of the pulmonary circulation to extra-uterine life in the pig and its relevance to the human infant
Authors: S. G HAWORTH, A. A HISLOP
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article Adaptation of the pulmonary circulation to extra-uterine life in the pig and its relevance to the human infant Get access SHEILA G HAWORTH, SHEILA G HAWORTH * From the Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, London, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital Medical School, London† *Correspondence and reprints should be sent to: Dr S G Haworth, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3BR. Telephone: 01-405 9200. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALISON A HISLOP ALISON A HISLOP From the Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, London, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital Medical School, London† Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 2, February 1981, Pages 108–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.2.108 Published: 01 February 1981
Adipocyte Insulin Binding and Action in Moderately Obese NIDDM Patients After Dietary Control of Plasma Glucose: Reversal of Postbinding Abnormalities
Authors: Elisabeth HjØllund, Oluf Pedersen, Niels Schwartz Sørensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Studies of fat cells from patients with newly diagnosed, untreated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) have revealed severe abnormalities in insulin action on glucose transport and metabolism. To determine whether these defects can be reversed if good glycemic control is reached by dietary treatment, eight moderately obese NIDDM subjects were studied at diagnosis and again when the patients had been in good glycemic control induced by low-energy dieting for at least 2 mo (absence of glycosuria and fasting plasma glucose less than 7 mM). Average body weight decreased by 8 kg (P less than .05). Fasting plasma glucose decreased from 11.5 +/- 1.2 to 6.9 +/- 0.9 mM, whereas fasting serum insulin concentrations were unchanged. Adipocyte insulin binding at tracer concentration (15 pM, 37 degrees C) was not changed significantly (1.94 +/- 0.52 to 2.05 +/- 0.62% per 30 cm2 surface area/ml). The basal (non-insulin-stimulated) glucose transport (tracer glucose concentration 5 microM) increased from 25 +/- 12 to 44 +/- 14 pmol X 90 min-1 X 10 cm-2 surface area (P less than .02). The maximally insulin-stimulated glucose transport rate increased from 35 +/- 20 to 78 +/- 26 pmol/90 min (P less than .01). The percentage insulin response above basal levels increased from 31 +/- 40 to 89 +/- 58% (P less than .01). The insulin sensitivity (half-maximally stimulating insulin concentrations) was also improved (P less than .05). Glucose conversion rates to total lipids increased 34 +/- 62 and 65 +/- 80% in basal cells and maximally insulin-stimulated cells, respectively (.2 greater than P greater than .1, .1 greater than P greater than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Resistant Disease
Authors: Kadoaki Ohashi, Yosef E. Maruvka, Franziska Michor, William Pao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

EGFR-mutant lung cancer was first described as a new clinical entity in 2004. Here, we present an update on new controversies and conclusions regarding the disease.This article reviews the clinical implications of EGFR mutations in lung cancer with a focus on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.The discovery of EGFR mutations has altered the ways in which we consider and treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients whose metastatic tumors harbor EGFR mutations are expected to live longer than 2 years, more than double the previous survival rates for lung cancer.The information presented in this review can guide practitioners and help them inform their patients about EGFR mutations and their impact on the treatment of NSCLC. Efforts should now concentrate on making EGFR-mutant lung cancer a chronic rather than fatal disease.
Studies of murine schistosomiasis reveal interleukin-13 blockade as a treatment for established and progressive liver fibrosis
Authors: Monica G. Chiaramonte, Allen W. Cheever, James D. Malley, Debra D. Donaldson, Thomas A. Wynn
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

In several allergic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases, fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Here, using a model of infection-induced liver fibrosis, we show that interleukin (IL)-13 is required at all stages of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection to induce fibrosis. IL-4 production was preserved in IL-13-deficient mice, yet failed to significantly contribute to the fibrotic response in either acute or chronic infection. Significant fibrosis develops in all infected mice, although the magnitude of the response varies widely in inbred mice. C3H/HeN, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice develop high, intermediate, and low levels of fibrosis, respectively. Despite these differences, IL-13 antagonism resulted in a marked amelioration of fibrosis in all strains. The fibrotic mechanism in the high- and low-responder strains was unrelated to their tissue eosinophil or mast cell responses, but did correlate with their patterns of IL-13, IL-10, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression. Indeed, severe fibrosis correlated with a high IL-13 and low IFN-gamma/IL-10 mRNA response. Because fibrotic diseases are typically progressive disorders, an important issue was to determine whether IL-13 inactivation might be used to treat an established and ongoing fibrotic disease. Here, IL-13 antagonism was highly efficacious, even after fibrosis and the Th2 cytokine response were firmly established. These studies demonstrate the central role played by IL-13 in fibrogenesis and suggest that therapeutic approaches aimed at disrupting the IL-13 pathway will be highly effective at preventing fibrotic disease caused by chronic Th2-mediated inflammatory reactions.
Intense 18F-Choline Uptake After Minor Head Injury
Authors: Pierre Leyendecker, Alessio Imperiale, Jean-François Matern, Georges Noël, Izzie-Jacques Namer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

We report the results of whole body 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT in a single patient with biochemical suspicion of prostate adenocarcinoma relapse and recent history of minor head injury. PET showed an intense area of increased FCH uptake in the right parietal bone, without any morphological abnormality on either CT or skull radiographs. Understanding the radiotracer’s physiological biodistribution as well as the nonmalignant etiologies of FCH uptake are essential requirements for a correct diagnostic interpretation of FCH PET/CT in patients with biological recurrence of prostate cancer.
Comparison of Two Indices of Glycemic Control in Diabetic Subjects: Glycosylated Serum Protein and Hemoglobin
Authors: Thomas D Mehl, S E Wenzel, B Russell, D Gardner, T J Merimee
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) were measured in 263 insulindependent and 41 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Both indices provided useful information in type II diabetes, but were extremely poor in judging control in type I diabetes. In both groups, there was poor correlation of the fasting serum glucose with either GSP or GHb. Only 4% of type I diabetic subjects had normal values for both GSP and GHb. Of subjects with elevated GSP, 98% had elevated GHb; 25% of subjects with elevated GHb values had normal values for GSP.
Hypoxia-induced hyperreactivity of pulmonary arteries: role of cyclooxygenase-2, isoprostanes, and thromboxane receptors
Authors: E. Delannoy, A. Courtois, V. Freund-Michel, V. Leblais, R. Marthan, B. Muller
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

This study investigates the role of the cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostanoid pathway in chronic hypoxia-induced hyperreactivity of pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary arteries were removed from normoxic or hypoxic (0.5 atm for 21 days) mice and studied for protein expression/localization of COX-1, COX-2, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-synthase, release of TXA2, prostacyclin (PGI2) and the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and vasomotor responses. COX-2 expression was increased in all layers of pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice. In contrast, COX-1 expression was not significantly modified following chronic hypoxia, whereas TXA2-synthase was decreased. Chronic hypoxia differentially affected prostanoid release from pulmonary arteries: TXA2 secretion was not significantly modified; PGI2 secretion was decreased, whereas 8-iso-PGF2α secretion was increased. A selective COX-2 inhibitor decreased 8-iso-PGF2α release. Arachidonic acid elicited an endothelium- and COX-1-dependent relaxation in pulmonary arteries from normoxic mice. In contrast, arachidonic acid induced an endothelium-independent contraction in pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice that was partially reduced by catalase, COX-1, COX-2, or TXA2-synthase inhibitors and was totally abolished by blockade of the thromboxane (TP) receptor. Hyperresponsiveness to phenylephrine (PE) of pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice was also decreased by COX-2 inhibitors, TP receptor antagonists or catalase, but not by TXA2-synthase inhibitors. Finally, 8-iso-PGF2α induced a TP receptor-dependent contraction in pulmonary arteries and markedly potentiated the contractile response to PE. Chronic hypoxia up-regulates COX-2 expression, increases 8-iso-PGF2α release, and shifts arachidonic acid-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation to an endothelium-independent and TP receptor-dependent contraction in pulmonary arteries. COX-2-dependent production of 8-iso-PGF2α, by activating TP receptors, participates in hypoxia-induced hyperreactivity of pulmonary arteries.
Diagnosing house officer fatigue
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In a reaction to much hyped extrapolations about excessive hospital accidents and deaths, the educators and administrators who (over)regulate clinical medicine have decided that the root of all trouble is resident fatigue.

They might have been better off addressing the real structural defects of modern hospitals—too much paperwork and bureaucracy, unavailable patient records, nurses pushing paper instead of nursing, doctors' patients scattered over 12 floors, and …
Effect of Difficulty Affording Health Care on Health Status After Coronary Revascularization
Authors: John Spertus, Carole Decker, Catherine Woodman, John House, Phil Jones, James O’Keefe, A. Michael Borkon
Journal: Circulation (2005)

An objective of the United States' Healthy People 2010 Initiative is to eliminate disparities based on socioeconomic status. We assessed the effect of difficulty affording health care on the health status (symptoms, function, and quality of life) of patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention or CABG.A consecutive, single-center cohort of 480 patients undergoing coronary revascularization received the Seattle Angina Questionnaire at the time of their procedure and at subsequent monthly intervals for 6 months. At baseline, patients who reported somewhat of a burden to a severe burden in affording health care had significantly lower scores on the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (mean+/-SD) with respect to angina (55+/-29 versus 68+/-25, P<0.0001), physical limitation (55+/-26 versus 72+/-24, P<0.0001), and quality of life (46+/-22 versus 56+/-22, P<0.0001) than those who did not perceive healthcare costs to be burdensome. Although both groups of patients improved after revascularization, poorer health status persisted among those with difficulty affording health care after percutaneous coronary intervention (6-month mean+/-SE: angina 79+/-2.5 versus 88+/-1.9, P=0.002; physical function 61+/-2.7 versus 80+/-2.0, P<0.0001; quality of life 67+/-2.4 versus 82+/-1.8, P<0.0001) but not after CABG (angina 91+/-2.5 versus 93+/-1.6, P=0.47; physical function 75+/-3.4 versus 81+/-2.2, P=0.13; quality of life 84+/-3.1 versus 84+/-2.0, P=0.81). Similar differences remained after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics.Patients reporting difficulty affording health care have worse health status at the time of coronary revascularization. A persistent disparity exists after percutaneous but not surgical revascularization. Additional inquiry into the mechanism of this disparity is needed so that the goals of equitable health care, irrespective of treatment strategy, can be achieved.
Hernia Mimicking Testicular Torsion
Authors: MARY J. WOOD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Testicular scanning is currently used in differentiating testicular torsion from epididymo-orchitis. This 14-yearold male presented with acute onset of scrotal swelling and a tender, swollen right testicle. The testicular scan using Tc-99m pertechnetate suggested torsion of the right testicle. Surgery revealed an indirect hernia, a strangulated omentum and a hematocele in the scrotal sac anterior to the normal right testicle.
LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY
Authors: C. S. O'BRIEN
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Local anesthesia, properly used, appeals to practically all ophthalmic surgeons as being the method of choice in most of the surgical procedures with which they are concerned. There are many operators who feel that, while they would prefer to use a local anesthetic, they will fail to get a painless field of operation; consequently, they fall back on general anesthesia with its many disadvantages. It is not enjoyable for any surgeon to operate, under a local anesthetic, on a patient who is in constant pain; with proper study and attention to detail, these cases are surely few and far between. If local anesthetics can be made to produce anesthesia regularly, unquestionably they are desirable. Chloroform, ether, nitrous oxide or ethylene always produce anesthesia, but along with this go so many disadvantages that it is desirable in ophthalmic surgery to administer them as infrequently as possible. It is not always possible
WHO confirms SARS in Chinese journalist
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

China has confirmed a new case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). It is the country's first new case since the outbreak last year, which came under control in July only after it infected more than 8000 people and caused 774 deaths in 27 countries. This is the first case that cannot be linked to a source. Two isolated cases—in Singapore in September and Taipei in December last year—were caused by contamination in a laboratory.

The latest patient, a 32 year old journalist from Panyu, near the Guangdong provincial capital of Guangzhou, became ill on 16 December, developed …
LINKING GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING AND CMRI
Authors: Andris H. Ellims, Leah Iles, Liang-han Ling, Belinda Chong, James L. Hare, David Kaye, Desiree Du Sart, Andrew Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)