tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Procainamide on Wave-Front Dynamics During Ventricular Fibrillation in Open-Chest Dogs
Authors: Yvonne Y. Kwan, Wei Fan, Dustan Hough, John J. Lee, Michael C. Fishbein, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —There is increasing evidence that both functional reentrant wave fronts and multiple wavelets are present during ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, the effects of procainamide on the characteristics of activation waves during VF are poorly understood. Methods and Results —Seven dogs were studied; six underwent subendocardial chemical ablation procedures. A plaque with 317 to 480 bipolar electrodes was sutured to the right ventricular free wall, and the patterns of activation were registered with a computerized mapping system. VF was electrically induced, and the patterns of activation were registered at baseline and during procainamide infusion (serum concentration, 9.3±1.9 μg/mL). Among the six dogs that had their subendocardium ablated, reentrant wave fronts were present in 6 of the 108 runs of VF at baseline and in 6 of the 100 runs of VF during procainamide infusion. By analyzing the wave fronts, we found that the cycle length, refractory period, conduction velocity, and wavelength at baseline were 101±9 ms, 54±5 ms, 0.93±0.21 mm/ms, and 51±16 mm, respectively, and during procainamide infusion, values became 125±11 ms ( P &lt;.001), 119±7 ms ( P &lt;.001), 0.42±0.02 mm/ms ( P &lt;.001), and 50±4 mm ( P =.8), respectively. The vast majority of the activation waves do not form organized reentry. These activation waves broke up more frequently at baseline than during procainamide administration. The number of activation waves was 7.25±1.39 s −1 · cm −2 at baseline and 4.45±1.80 s −1 · cm −2 during procainamide administration ( P &lt;.001). The dog without subendocardial ablation had similar results. Conclusions —Procainamide decreases the number of wavelets during VF by preventing spontaneous wave breaks. This represents a novel mechanism of antiarrhythmic drug action.
Chronic Delta Infection and Liver Biopsy Changes in Chronic Active Hepatitis B
Authors: GARY C. KANEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

The delta agent consists of particles of RNA nucleoprotein and is probably a defective virus present only in the livers of patients with B-viral acute or chronic liver disease. Its frequency is significantly greater in patients with chronic active hepatitis B than in those with persistent viral hepatitis B, suggesting that chronic delta infection may increase the severity of liver disease. We studied biopsy or autopsy tissue samples from 57 patients with chronic active hepatitis B for morphologic differences between chronic delta-positive and delta-negative cases. The delta-positive cases had significantly greater portal and parenchymal inflammatory change, parenchymal necrosis, and nuclear dysplastic and polyploid change than did the delta-negative cases. These findings suggest that chronic delta infection, with ongoing delta replication, may increase the degree of hepatic damage, and possibly hasten the progression of liver disease, in patients with chronic active hepatitis B.
THE PROPHYLACTIC USE OF MEASLES CONVALESCENT SERUM
Authors: WILLIAM H. PARK
Journal: JAMA (1926)

As measles is the most prevalent of the diseases of infancy and early childhood, and also predisposes to a complicating bronchial pneumonia, it is one of the two most fatal of the communicable diseases of early childhood, and its prevention has been eagerly sought by clinical and laboratory investigators. The ideal in their mind is to discover the germ and prepare a vaccine such as we have against diphtheria, tetanus and scarlet fever. Tunnicliff in the United States and Caronia in Italy have reported such discoveries. Their work is now being subjected to crucial tests. Herrmann has proposed a very interesting method of inoculating infants intranasally with the secretion obtained from the nose of an infant during the early stage of the disease. He proposes to do this inoculation during the sixth or seventh months of life before the infants have entirely lost their inherited immunity. This method, in our
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: A. Bauza, A. Espana, M. Idoate
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Classic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a segmentary leucocytoclastic vasculitis that affects small‐ and medium‐sized arteries. In 1931, Lindberg (Acta Med Scand 1931; 76: 183–225) described the existence of a cutaneous variant of PAN, without visceral involvement and with a more favourable prognosis. We present four patients diagnosed with cutaneous PAN in our hospital between 1987 and 1998. The study group was composed of three women and one child, whose ages ranged from 11 to 70 years old. The follow‐up period was between 2 and 13 years. Each patient was submitted for an initial clinical, histological and laboratory evaluation and subsequent follow‐up. The presence of nodules was the most frequent cutaneous lesion, preferentially located in the lower limbs. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was the only parameter that was altered in all patients. Cutaneous biopsies from all patients showed a segmentary leucocytoclastic vasculitis in the arteries of the deep dermis and/or hypodermis. Direct immunofluorescence was positive in just one patient. No visceral involvement was found in any patient. There is confusion about the correct definition of cutaneous PAN. Some clinical findings, such as nodules or livedo reticularis, typical of cutaneous PAN suggest a good prognosis; however, we consider that it is necessary to evaluate these patients for systemic involvement for the possibility of arteritis in other organs as the term polyarteritis suggests.
In Vitro Characterization of Monoaspartyl Chlorin e6 and Diaspartyl Chlorin e6 for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: W. G. Roberts, F.-Y. Shiau, J. S. Nelson, K. M. Smith, M. W. Berns
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

The characteristics of two new chlorin photosensitizers were studied in cell culture by determining phototoxicity, subcellular localization, and photophysical properties. Monoaspartyl chlorin e6 (MACE) and diaspartyl chlorin e6 (DACE) are new photosensitizers that show promise for use in photodynamic therapy. These chlorins are pure, monomeric compounds as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Both compounds absorb substantially at a longer wavelength (664 nm) than does dihematoporphyrin ether-ester (DHE). Tumor diagnosis with the use of fluorescence should be facilitated due to the purity of the compounds and the single fluorescence emission peak. Phototoxicity dose-response curves of the sensitizers were completed using a standard clonogenic assay to determine cell viability. The chlorins showed good sensitizing capabilities with light. In addition, subcellular localization of MACE, DACE, and DHE was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Whereas DHE was located throughout the cytoplasm, the primary site of localization of the chlorins appeared to be in the lysosome. The results demonstrate that MACE and DACE are effective photosensitizing agents in vitro and compare favorably to DHE.
Single oral dose of prednisone decreases leukotriene B4 production by alveolar macrophages from patients with nocturnal asthma but not control subjects: Relationship to changes in cellular influx and FEV1
Authors: Sally E. Wenzel, John B. Trudeau, Jay Y. Westcott, William R. Beam, Richard J. Martin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Clinical trial watch: Reports from the AASLD Liver Meeting®, Boston, November 2014
Authors: María-Carlota Londoño, Juan G. Abraldes, José Altamirano, Thomas Decaens, Xavier Forns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)

The late and fast developments in the field of viral hepatitis were highly expected in the 2014 AASLD Liver Meeting®. Several combinations using direct acting antivirals (DAAs) showed high rates of sustained virological response (∼95%). Importantly, high cure rates were also demonstrated in patients with previous treatment failures, decompensated cirrhosis and hepatitis C recurrence after transplantation, making it clear that the interferon era is over (not so clear for ribavirin, which might still have a role in difficult-to-treat populations). Importantly, sustained virological response was associated with an improvement in liver function (MELD and Child-Pugh scores) in patients with advanced liver disease. In the field of liver cirrhosis, there were relevant data assessing the optimal empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and high risk of resistant bacteria, as well as studies evaluating the role of terlipressin in type I hepatorenal syndrome and in septic shock. Regarding hepatic encephalopathy, two randomized trials suggest that the manipulation of the microbioma in patients with cirrhosis may have a role in the management of this complication. Some novel data on NASH support the beneficial effect of bariatric surgery (after failure of lifestyle intervention) in morbid obese patients with such diagnosis: clinical and histological improvements after surgery were evident in most patients with sufficient follow-up. A few controlled studies focused on the treatment of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. Finally, several studies on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were presented, covering topics such as ultrasound screening in cirrhosis, cryoablation treatment of early HCC and the relevance of downstaging in patients with HCC awaiting liver transplantation.
Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Peter Dromparis, Roxane Paulin, Trevor H. Stenson, Alois Haromy, Gopinath Sutendra, Evangelos D. Michelakis
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Evidence suggestive of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pulmonary arteries of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension has been described for decades but has never been therapeutically targeted. ER stress is a feature of many conditions associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension like hypoxia, inflammation, or loss-of-function mutations. ER stress signaling in the pulmonary circulation involves the activation of activating transcription factor 6, which, via induction of the reticulin protein Nogo, can lead to the disruption of the functional ER-mitochondria unit and the increasingly recognized cancer-like metabolic shift in pulmonary arterial hypertension that promotes proliferation and apoptosis resistance in the pulmonary artery wall. We hypothesized that chemical chaperones known to suppress ER stress signaling, like 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) or tauroursodeoxycholic acid, will inhibit the disruption of the ER-mitochondrial unit and prevent/reverse pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methods and Results— PBA in the drinking water both prevented and reversed chronic hypoxia–induced pulmonary hypertension in mice, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy and improving functional capacity without affecting systemic hemodynamics. These results were replicated in the monocrotaline rat model. PBA and tauroursodeoxycholic acid improved ER stress indexes in vivo and in vitro, decreased activating transcription factor 6 activation (cleavage, nuclear localization, luciferase, and downstream target expression), and inhibited the hypoxia-induced decrease in mitochondrial calcium and mitochondrial function. In addition, these chemical chaperones suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions— Attenuating ER stress with clinically used chemical chaperones may be a novel therapeutic strategy in pulmonary hypertension with high translational potential.
Role of ouabain-like compound in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats.
Authors: H Teruya, M Yamazato, H Muratani, A Sakima, S Takishita, Y Terano, K Fukiyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To determine whether ouabain-like compound (OLC) exerts modulatory influences on the activity of vasomotor neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), we examined the effects of microinjecting ouabain, digoxin-specific antibody Fab fragments, and mAb against ouabain on the rat RVLM. Microinjection of ouabain into the unilateral RVLM of anesthetized normotensive rats elicited dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). The pressor and sympathoexcitatory effects of ouabain in the RVLM were reversed by microinjections of an M2 muscarinic antagonist, gallamine, or digoxin-specific antibody Fab fragments. Furthermore, a prior microinjection in the RVLM of gallamine, digoxinspecific antibody Fab fragments, or kainic acid or intravenous injection of hexamethonium all prevented the pressor and sympathoexcitatory effects induced by a subsequent microinjection of ouabain. Microinjections of either digoxinspecific antibody Fab fragments or gallamine per se significantly decreased baseline MAP and RSNA. Injection of digoxin-specific antibody Fab fragments attenuated the effects of a subsequent injection of gallamine. Microinjection of mAb against ouabain, but not nonspecific IgG, also significantly decreased baseline MAP and RSNA. These results suggest that OLC in the RVLM contributes to the tonic activity of vasomotor neurons in anesthetized normotensive rats, and the action of OLC in the RVLM is at least partly mediated by M2 muscarinic mechanisms.
A4.9 Angiopoietin-like 4 is over–expressed in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential role in pathological bone resorption
Authors: C Swales, N A Athanasou, H J Knowles
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> In contrast to normal synovial tissue, rheumatoid synovium is hypoxic, and expresses the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α which allow the transcription of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and regulation of immune function. Hypoxia also stimulates osteoclast differentiation and causes a HIF-1α-dependent 3-fold increase in bone resorption. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a hypoxia- and HIF-inducible pro-angiogenic adipokine that is induced in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. This study sought to investigate whether ANGPTL4 is expressed in osteoclasts and other cells within rheumatoid synovial tissue, and to compare serum and synovial fluid levels of ANGPTL4 with those in normal controls and patients with osteoarthritis. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Serum, synovial fluid and synovial tissue samples were derived from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); serum was obtained from aged-matched normal controls. All donors were recruited from the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK and gave written informed consent. ANGPTL4 and HIF-1α expression was assessed in OA and RA synovial sections by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Serum and synovial fluid levels of ANGPTL4 were measured by ELISA. Osteoclasts were differentiated from circulating RA monocytes using M-CSF and RANKL, and hypoxic induction of ANGPTL4 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. <h3>Results</h3> Bone-apposing osteoclasts within the rheumatoid synovium expressed ANGPTL4 and its regulating transcription factor HIF-1α. ANGPTL4 was strongly expressed in synovial lining cells, endothelial cells, stromal cells, CD68 + macrophages and plasma cells within the RA synovium. Little ANGPTL4 was evident in normal synovium, mirroring the expression pattern of HIF-1α in rheumatoid versus normal synovial tissue. ANGPTL4 concentrations were higher in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients than in OA patients or normal controls. High serum ANGPTL4 correlated with elevated levels of the serum bone resorption marker sRANKL. Finally, ANGPTL4 mRNA was induced 5.5-fold by hypoxia in monocyte-derived osteoclasts from RA patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ANGPTL4 is over-expressed in both the serum and the synovial fluid and tissue of RA patients. Expression of ANGPTL4 in bone-apposing osteoclasts and correlation of high serum ANGPTL4 with circulating sRANKL suggests ANGPTL4 as a marker for bone destruction, and a potential target for inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in RA.
Studying Herbal Remedies
Authors: Wallace Sampson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

How plausible are claims that echinacea, or purple coneflower, a perennial that is native to North America, is an effective treatment for viral respiratory disease? Tracing the evolution of views about the benefits of echinacea from the traditions of indigenous populations to modern claims, one finds little rationale for studying the effects of this herbal remedy on colds. Indigenous populations — who used echinacea in various forms, including teas, local applications, and inhaled smoke — had no concept of disease states or their causes, nor could they distinguish medicinal effects from the natural course of an illness. Herbal texts list . . .
Efficacy of PUREZONE™, a Novel Local High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filtration Pillow Device, in Patients With Perennial Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis (PARC): A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)
Authors: A. Stillerman, N.T. Tierney
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
ANALYSIS OF A DIPHTHERIA EPIDEMIC
Authors: EARLE G. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Topeka is a city with an estimated population, for the year 1921, of 50,850 persons. In only one year previous, 1915, had there been more than 100 cases of diphtheria reported for a twelve month period. During the year 1921, 786 cases were reported; 742 of these were reported from August 5 to and including Dec. 31, 1921; forty-six additional cases were reported from Jan. 1, 1922, to and including Jan. 31, 1922. The study of cases and incidents reported in this paper is from Aug. 5, 1921, to Jan. 31, 1922, during which time there were reported 788 cases, fourteen of which proved fatal.  The disease, on the whole, was very atypical, many of the patients presenting typical symptoms of a follicular tonsillitis, but on culture showing diphtheria bacilli in great numbers. The majority of the cases were mild, yet in numbers of the mild cases as well as
Digital Multimedia
Authors: Alan R. Tait, Terri Voepel-Lewis
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How do local reverberations achieve global integration?
Authors: J. J. Wright
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Amit's Hebbian model risks being overexplanatory, since it does not depend on specific physiological modelling of cortical ANNs, but concentrates on those phenomena which are modelled by a large class of ANNs. While offering a strong demonstration of the presence of Hebb's “cell assemblies,” it does not offer an equal account of Hebb's “phase sequence” concept.
Unusual presentations of pyrophosphate arthropathy.
Authors: G O Storey, E C Huskisson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Phaeochromocytoma with ectopic calcitonin production and parathyroid cystThe triad of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, phaeochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism is known as Sipples's syndrome.We report a case of unilateral phaeochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism, and increased concentrations of serum calcitonin (CT) in which medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was not found. Case reportA 55-year-old woman with moderate hypertension and a swelling in the front of the neck was admitted to the medical department.Her blood pressure
COLISTIN SULFATE VERSUS SODIUM COLISTIMETHATE
Authors: NORMA J. GOODWIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 January 1969COLISTIN SULFATE VERSUS SODIUM COLISTIMETHATENORMA J. GOODWIN, M.D.NORMA J. GOODWIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-1-232_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Dr. Kunin has been a leading proponent of correct antibiotic usage. He has performed an important service by calling attention to the urgent necessity of reducing dosage in the presence of renal impairment for those agents excreted by the kidney.In his Editorial Note (1) he has referred to data on "colistin," and the context suggests that "sodium colistimethate" is intended. Colistin sulfate is also available and is used topically, as in the otic preparation, and orally, for enteric infections. The use of the general term "colistin" to designate a particular drug may well result in confusion....References1. KUNIN C: More on antimicrobials in renal failure (editorial note). Ann. Intern. Med. 69: 397, 1968. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BARNETTBUSHBYWILKINSON MSS: Sodium sulphomethyl derivatives of polymyxins. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 23: 552, 1964. Google Scholar3. MANN P: Urinary excretion of polymyxin B sulfate and sodium colistimethate in dogs. J. Urol. In press. Google Scholar4. . Letter to physicians, November 1966. Google Scholar5. GOODWINFRIEDMAN NJEA: The effects of renal impairment, peritoneal dialysis, and hemodialysis on serum sodium colistimethate levels. Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 984, 1968. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byQuantification of Colistin in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application to a Pharmacokinetic StudyHistory, Chemistry and Antibacterial SpectrumOutcomes in meningitis/ventriculitis treated with intravenous or intraventricular plus intravenous colistinAn Update on the arsenal for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections: Polymyxin antibioticsIntraventricular or intrathecal colistin for the treatment of central nervous system infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteriaColistin in burn intensive care: Back to the future?Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Polymyxin B in Critically Ill Patients 1 January 1969Volume 70, Issue 1Page: 232-233KeywordsAntibioticsDrugsKidneysSodiumSulfates ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Transcription Factor PROX1 Induces Colon Cancer Progression by Promoting the Transition from Benign to Highly Dysplastic Phenotype
Authors: Tatiana V. Petrova, Antti Nykänen, Camilla Norrmén, Konstantin I. Ivanov, Leif C. Andersson, Caj Haglund, Pauli Puolakkainen, Frank Wempe, Harald von Melchner, Gérard Gradwohl, Sakari Vanharanta, Lauri A. Aaltonen, Juha Saharinen, Massimiliano Gentile, Alan Clarke, Jussi Taipale, Guillermo Oliver, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)