tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ASPERMATOGENESIS IN THE GUINEA PIG INDUCED BY TESTICULAR TISSUE AND ADJUVANTS
Authors: Jules Freund, Murray M. Lipton, George E. Thompson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

The injection into the dorsal skin of a suspension of guinea pig testis or spermia incorporated in a water-in-oil emulsion containing killed mycobacteria induces aspermatogenesis in guinea pigs. The injury begins with the inhibition of the maturation of spermia and proceeds through the degeneration and exfoliation of spermatids, spermatocytes, and finally spermatogonia. These germinal cells pass from the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis. The process is not associated with inflammation. No significant changes occur in the intertubular spaces and the Leydig cells do not seem to be affected. The seminal vesicles and the prostate remain normal. The aspermatogenesis may begin in 10 days and it lasts for more than 5 months. The process may lead to atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and fibrosis. Guinea pigs which receive a suspension of their own testis or spermia and adjuvants develop a similar injury. The "mitochondrial" fraction of the testis of guinea pig is effective while repeated injections of alcoholic extract of testis emulsified with paraffin oil containing mycobacteria do not cause aspermatogenesis. The presence of acid-fast bacilli in the water-in-oil emulsion containing testis or spermia seems to be essential for the production of testicular lesions; the injection of antigen and mycobacteria into different sites is ineffective. When guinea pig testis is replaced by guinea pig liver or kidney or rabbit testis no testicular damage occurs. The injection of rabbit spinal cord combined with adjuvants results in allergic encephalomyelitis in a large proportion of guinea pigs, accompanied by a great loss of weight. The testes of a few of these animals show a varying degree of aspermatogenesis. When guinea pig brain is combined with adjuvants and administered subcutaneously the incidence of testicular injury is high, although the damage is, in general, mild. From the standpoint of mechanism, the inhibition of spermatogenesis which occurs in these animals may be unrelated to the injury which follows the injection of germinal cells. Aspermatogenesis follows the injection of killed mycobacteria in paraffin oil into the testis as well as into certain sites related to the gonad: the abdominal cavity, the subcutaneous tissue over the abdomen, and the skin of the inguinal region. Antibodies fixing complement in the presence of spermia are demonstrable in the sera of guinea pigs injected with testis or spermia and adjuvants. When the mycobacteria are omitted the titers are low and no testicular injury occurs. Although there seems to be a correlation between testicular damage and complement-fixing titer, this may not be a causal relationship. Antibodies which neutralize guinea pig hyaluronidase and those which immobilize spermia have also been demonstrated in the sera of these guinea pigs.
Genetically Reduced Antioxidative Protection and Increased Ischemic Heart Disease Risk
Authors: Klaus Juul, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Stefan Marklund, Niels H.H. Heegaard, Rolf Steffensen, Henrik Sillesen, Gorm Jensen, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an antioxidative enzyme found in high concentrations in the arterial wall. Two to three percent of all people in Denmark carry an R213G substitution, which increases plasma concentration 10-fold. This may reduce arterial wall EC-SOD concentrations, increase intimal LDL oxidation, and therefore may accelerate atherogenesis. Our primary hypothesis was that EC-SOD-R213G predisposes to ischemic heart disease (IHD). The secondary hypothesis was that EC-SOD-R213G offers predictive ability with respect to IHD beyond that offered by measurements of plasma EC-SOD and autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Methods and Results— The primary hypothesis was tested in a prospective, population-based study of 9188 participants from The Copenhagen City Heart Study with 956 incident IHD events during 23 years of follow-up and retested cross-sectionally with independent case populations of patients with IHD (n=943) or ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) (n=617). Case populations were compared with unmatched IHD/ICVD-free control subjects from The Copenhagen City Heart Study (n=7992). The secondary hypothesis was tested by using a nested case-control study comparing patients with IHD (n=956) with age- and gender-matched control subjects (n=956). Age- and gender-adjusted relative risk for IHD in heterozygotes (n=221, 2.4%) versus noncarriers (n=8965, 97.6%) was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1). Retesting confirmed this: Age- and gender-adjusted odds ratios for IHD was 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) and for ICVD 1.7 (1.1 to 2.7). Additional adjustment for plasma EC-SOD produced an odds ratio for IHD in heterozygotes versus noncarriers of 9.2 (1.2 to 72), whereas adjustment for autoantibodies against oxLDL produced an odds ratio of 2.5 (1.2 to 5.3). Conclusions— Heterozygosity for EC-SOD-R213G is associated with increased IHD risk. Genotyping offers predictive ability with respect to IHD beyond that offered by plasma EC-SOD and autoantibodies against oxLDL.
Unfinished Business in Tobacco Control
Authors: Jonathan M. Samet
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
UROLOGIC PHASE OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: IRA R. SISK
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Recently I have observed an elderly man whose symptoms of difficult urination and retention of urine were due to the spinal cord changes in early pernicious anemia rather than to obstruction from the prostate gland. As pernicious anemia is rarely discussed from an urologic angle, it seems pertinent to stress this phase of my case and to add the cystoscopic findings to the extremely scanty literature on the subject.  REPORT OF CASE  History.  —G. S., a man, aged 57, presented himself to his local physician, complaining of frequent and difficult urination. A hurried examination was made, the prostate assumed to be the source of the trouble, and the patient was referred for operation, April 12, 1923. He gave a history of difficult urination with onset two years previously. Before that time, however, he had noticed some difficulty after holding the urine for a long period of time. For two years
Diagnosis and Recent Advance in Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: J. Lawrence Pool
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Intracranial aneurysms and angiomas are a common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Oculomotor palsy and visual-field defects may be caused by aneurysms, and convulsive seizures by angiomas, with or without hemorrhage. In view of recent advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques, intracranial surgery is recommended as the ideal treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Angiomas should be excised, if feasible, to prevent progressive brain damage or recurrent hemorrhage.
P1029 LIVER STIFFNESS (LS) ASSESSED WITH ACOUSTIC RADIATION FORCE IMPULSE (ARFI) CAN BE PROGNOSTIC FOR FIRST EPISODE OF ASCITES (AD) IN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE (CLD)
Authors: A. De Santis, C. Bassanelli, M. Lupo, C. Iegri, C. Di Ciesco, M. Forlino, G. Gallusi, A.F. Attili
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Purified human plasma kallikrein aggregates human blood neutrophils.
Authors: M Schapira, E Despland, C F Scott, L A Boxer, R W Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Exposure of human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to purified active plasma kallikrein resulted in PMN aggregation when kallikrein was present at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 U/ml (0.18-0.27 microM). Kallikrein-induced PMN aggregation was not mediated through C5-derived peptides, because identical responses were observed whether or not kallikrein had been preincubated with an antibody to C5. Moreover, kallikrein was specific for aggregating PMN, because no aggregation was observed with Factor XII active fragments (23 nM), Factor XIa (0.6 U/ml or 15nM), thrombin (1.6 microM), plasmin (2 microM), porcine pancreatic elastase (2 microM), bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin (2 microM), or bradykinin (1 microM). Bovine pancreatic trypsin (2 microM) aggregated PMN, but to a lesser extent than kallikrein (0.18 microM). Kallikrein was a potent aggregant agent for PMN because similar responses were observed with kallikrein (0.5 U/ml or 0.23 microM) and an optimal dose (0.2 microM) of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. In addition, PMN incubation with kallikrein resulted in stimulation of their oxidative metabolism as assessed by an increased oxygen uptake. Neutropenia and leukostasis observed in diseases associated with activation of the contact phase system may be the result of PMN aggregation by plasma kallikrein.
Chronic Active Hepatitis
Authors: ROBERT W. HILBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Two sisters with chronic active hepatitis and positive lupus erythematosus preparations are discussed. This association has not been previously documented. Absence of Australia antigen in our two patients is consistent with previous findings reported by other authors. The insensitivity and infrequent application of currently used techniques for the detection of Australia antigen in chronic active hepatitis, with and without positive lupus erythematosus cell preparations, are discussed.
Appropriate technology for diagnostic imaging in small hospitals.
Authors: P E Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1984)

How do you choose equipment for imaging from the bewildering and tempting array of alternatives, particularly when your budget is limited ?The rules for shopping for images are the same as those for shopping in a supermarket: have a clear idea of what you need, and remember that cheapness may be a false economy.Imaging for the non-radiologist in a small hospital means diagnostic x ray equipment or ultrasound or both.Ultrasound is extremely useful for looking at structures within the abdomen, for obstetrics, and for visualising the liver and abdominal and pelvic masses.It may also provide information about the kidney, pancreas, and gall bladder.There are no radiation hazards (so far as is known) and imaging is easy, although recording the image is more difficult and expensive.The main disadvantage is that ultrasound is time consuming for the physician as the work cannot be delegated.X ray equipment has much wider application: in all cases of trauma, in many infections, especially those in the chest, in intestinal obstruction, in the investigation of genitourinary and gall bladder disease, and in obstetric practice.Apart from its wider usefulness, the work may be delegated to paramedical staff and there is a permanent record.The disadvantages are costs (US $25 000 upwards compared with $10 000 upwards for ultrasound) and the hazard of radiation, which may be con- trolled easily with proper precautions.If you have the alternative, buy x ray equipment only.The use for ultrasound in a small hospital is so limited that money should be saved to purchase an x ray set.
Stability, sterility, coagulation, and immunologic studies of salmon coagulation proteins with potential use for mammalian wound healing and cell engineering
Authors: Ivo Laidmäe, Margaret E. McCormick, Julia L. Herod, Jennifer J. Pastore, Tiit Salum, Evelyn S. Sawyer, Paul A. Janmey, Raivo Uibo
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency attenuates diabetic nephropathy by modulation of podocyte functions and dedifferentiation
Authors: Szu-Yuan Li, Po-Hsun Huang, An-Hang Yang, Der-Cherng Tarng, Wu-Chang Yang, Chih-Ching Lin, Jaw-Wen Chen, Geert Schmid-Schönbein, Shing-Jong Lin
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
New guidelines aim to improve management of COPD
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

New guidelines issued jointly this week by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society aim to improve provision of information on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to patients and to encourage healthcare professionals to optimise its prevention and treatment.

These are the first guidelines to be developed jointly by the two societies and have been produced in a web based format to make them accessible to patients and professionals throughout the world (www.thoracic.org/COPD/default.asp). They are evidence based updates of previous guidelines that the two societies developed separately in 1995. One part of the guidelines, for health professionals, is designed to improve …
Zinc-finger Nuclease Editing of Human cxcr4 Promotes HIV-1 CD4+ T Cell Resistance and Enrichment
Authors: Jinyun Yuan, Jianbin Wang, Karen Crain, Colleen Fearns, Kenneth A Kim, Kevin L Hua, Philip D Gregory, Michael C Holmes, Bruce E Torbett
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

HIV-1-infected individuals can harbor viral isolates that can use CCR5, as well as CXCR4, for viral entry. To genetically engineer HIV-1 resistance in CD4(+) T cells, we assessed whether transient, adenovirus delivered zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) disruption of genomic cxcr4 or stable lentiviral expression of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting CXCR4 mRNAs provides durable resistance to HIV-1 challenge. ZFN-modification of cxcr4 in CD4(+) T cells was found to be superior to cell integrated lentivirus-expressing CXCR4 targeting shRNAs when CD4(+) T cells were challenged with HIV-1s that utilizes CXCR4 for entry. Cxcr4 disruption in CD4(+) T cells was found to be stable, conferred resistance, and provided for continued cell enrichment during HIV-1 infection in tissue culture and, in vivo, in peripheral blood mononuclear cell transplanted NSG mice. Moreover, HIV-1-infected mice with engrafted cxcr4 ZFN-modified CD4(+) T cells demonstrated lower viral levels in contrast to mice engrafted with unmodified CD4(+) T cells. These findings provide evidence that ZFN-mediated disruption of cxcr4 provides a selective advantage to CD4(+) T cells during HIV-1 infection.
Absence of Thrombosis in Subjects with Heterozygous Protein C Deficiency
Authors: J Miletich, L Sherman, G Broze
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Protein C deficiency has been thought to be associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. To establish a normal range of values, we used a two-site monoclonal-antibody assay to measure protein C levels in 699 healthy adults. The distribution was log normal; 95 percent of the values ranged from 70 to 140 percent of the overall mean (4.03 micrograms per milliliter). Two subjects had levels more than 3.5 SD below the mean (34 and 50 percent), consistent with heterozygous deficiency. We also screened 4723 other blood donors and found 8 additional unrelated subjects with levels from 33 to 51 percent of normal. Autosomal inheritance of heterozygous protein C deficiency was confirmed in them by a detailed study of four families. Levels from 55 to 65 percent of normal are consistent with either heterozygous deficiency or the lower end of the distribution of normal values, and were found in 79 of 5422 subjects when the two groups were combined. None of the subjects had any history of venous thrombosis. We conclude that heterozygous deficiency of protein C has a prevalence of 1 in 200 to 300, a figure consistent with the known number of homozygous infants recently identified, and that levels consistent with heterozygous deficiency are found in 1 in 60 healthy adults but are not detectably associated with a risk of thrombosis.
Assessing Research Results in the Medical Literature
Authors: Robert M. Califf, Jonathan McCall, Robert A. Harrington
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
And Homer Nods
Authors: Frederick Reiss
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reference to the letter to the editor, "Greek Yes!—Latin No!" (<i>JAMA</i><b>176</b>:636 [May 20] 1961), I notice that onychophagia has apparently provoked an enjoyable brain biting. It was a pleasurable experience that Doctor Anstall has revived in connection with onychophagia Horace's<i>Ars Poetica</i>. I have little doubt that a scholarly mind such as Anstall's must be, could have not made an error in this beautiful quotation. The correct wording, however, is:<i>Indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus</i>and not<i>quandaque</i>. This is probably a typographical error, and in defence of the printer, who is also not infallible, I would be grateful for the insertion of these few lines in your next issue.
A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the effects of omalizumab (humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody) on the early- and late-phase skin reactions and cellular infiltrate after multiple intradermal allergen challenges*1
Authors: Y. Ong, A. Menzies-Gow, J. Matthews, A.B. Kay
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Role of maternal age in assessment of risk of abortion after prenatal diagnosis during first trimester.
Authors: M G Jahoda, L Pijpers, R P Vosters, J W Wladimiroff, A Reuss, E S Sachs
Journal: BMJ (1987)

starting treatment with diltiazem the drug should be stopped and both renal and hepatic function monitored.We are grateful to the coroner and to Professor J M Cameron for performing the necropsy.The medical artists of the London
Ageism in services for transient ischaemic attack and stroke: Whose ageism?
Authors: Iona Heath
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—I have misgivings about the paper by Fairhead and Rothwell and about the suggestions of ageism in the accompanying editorial by Young.1 2 In the introduction, we learn that lower rates of treatment in older people might legitimately reflect patients' choice. However, the conclusions of the abstract assert a willingness to have surgery on the part of elderly patients, and in …
Abstract 5468: JNK-1 inhibition leads to antitumor activity in ovarian cancer
Authors: Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Pablo Vivas-Mejia, Juliana Maria Benito, Ariel Fernandez, Claret Francois-Xavier, Arturo Chavez-Reyes, Anil K. Sood, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent findings suggest that JNK mediates oncogenic functions in several cancer types including head and neck, gastric, and breast cancers, and melanoma, thus it may be an attractive therapeutic target. Specifically, JNK1 but not JNK2 has been shown to be important in promoting cell survival by controlling cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Little is known about the role of JNK1 in ovarian cancer growth. Therefore, we examined the potential of JNK1 as a therapeutic target in the current study. We utilized a novel small molecule inhibitor, WBZ_4, which was designed, synthesized, and characterized by our team to curb the potential for side effects of the original compound, imatinib. WBZ_4 was designed to target both c-Kit and JNK1 while avoiding the Abl-kinase. The redesign process was based on comparing the residence time of water molecules that solvate the interfacial aligned residues across known targets of imatinib. Non-conserved sites with low residence time that had a higher propensity to dehydrate (de-wetting hot spots) were used to build blueprints for each target. By adding a methyl group to the original imatinib, we were able to attack a de-wetting hot spot present in C-Kit and JNK1 but absent from BCR-Abl, thereby increasing the specificity of the drug towards the desired targets. Here, we report on the biological effects of JNK-1 inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo using experimental models of ovarian cancer. We found a significant association of pJNK with progression free survival in the 116 epithelial ovarian cancers obtained at primary debulking therapy. WBZ_4 led to cell growth inhibition and increased apoptosis in a dose dependent fashion in four ovarian cancer cell lines. In vivo, while imatinib had no effect on tumor growth, WBZ_4 inhibited tumor growth in orthotopic murine models of ovarian cancer. The anti-tumor effect was further increased in combination with docetaxel. Silencing of JNK-1 with systemically administered siRNA led to significantly reduced tumor weights as compared to non-silencing siRNA controls, indicating that indeed the antitumor effects observed were due to JNK-1 inhibition. These studies identify JNK-1 as an attractive therapeutic target in ovarian carcinoma and that the re-designed WBZ_4 compound should be considered for further clinical development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5468.
Tuberculosis controls in Philippines have failed so far
Authors: A. Easton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Almost two thirds of Filipinos have tuberculosis, and up to five million people are infected yearly, according to the country's recent national tuberculosis prevalence survey.

The disease kills 68 people daily in a country where the perception of the disease is so skewed that some medical practitioners refer to antituberculosis drugs as “vitamins for the lungs.”

According to the World Health Organisation, the Philippines ranks fourth in the world for the number of cases of tuberculosis and has the highest number of cases per head in South East Asia. The former health secretary, Senator Juan Flavier, has described …
Authors' reply to Hill and Rudd
Authors: S. Morris, R. M. Hunter, A. I. G. Ramsay, R. Boaden, C. McKevitt, C. Perry, N. Pursani, A. G. Rudd, S. J. Turner, P. J. Tyrrell, C. D. A. Wolfe, N. J. Fulop
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We agree with Hill,1 and we stated in our article that a health economic analysis of the reconfigurations in London and Greater Manchester would be valuable.2 The analysis should consider whether the changes in London and Greater Manchester are cost effective. As Hill mentions, this ought to account for the upfront investments in London and Greater Manchester. Among other things it also …