tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary health care and adolescence
Authors: T. Kramer, M E Garralda, M. Hodes
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Hepatitis B vaccination policy in drug treatnent services EDITOR,-The World Health Organisation en- courages universal vaccination against hepatitis B in settings in which the prevalence is low'; current British policy recommends selective vaccination.2We present information about the delivery of vaccine to the target group with the highest prevalence and risk of infection, injecting drug misusers.3Drug clinics were identified from the 1992 directory of the standing conference on drug abuse, updates, and regional drugs databases and were contacted in November 1993.Characteristics of new clients were provided by the clinics or collected from regional drugs databases.Self help groups, helplines, private nursing homes, and clinics that dealt only with minor tranquillisers were excluded.Sixty of the 500 clinics had closed, were satellite clinics, or were ineligible.Three hundred and
Anti-Trachoma Campaign in Gozo
Authors: V. Tabone
Journal: BMJ (1951)

During the period January 1 to July 8, 1950, 2,227 children received two doses of 0.5 ml. of P.T.A.P. and 1,796 children received one dose.The latter were mainly "booster" doses.These 4,023 children were injected intramuscularly in the left arm.The age grouping is shown in Table V.
APL during Gefitinib Treatment for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Akiko Uchida, Keitaro Matsuo, Mitsune Tanimoto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Gefitinib is an orally active inhibitor of tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor,1 with clinical effectiveness in the control of non–small-cell lung cancer. We describe 3 patients with possible treatment-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) among 108 consecutive patients with advanced, recurrent non–small-cell lung cancer who were treated with gefitinib between November 2001 and December 2004 at our institution (Table 1). Other than these three patients, no patients with other cancers have been identified in this cohort. Chemotherapy, including the use of topoisomerase II inhibitors (e.g., anthracyclines), and radiotherapy are known as predisposing factors for treatment-related APL,2 and all . . .
Course and Prognosis in Aplastic Anaemia
Authors: S. M. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The diagnosis of aplastic anaemia depends upon the demonstration of hypocellularity of the bone-marrow, and before making the diagnosis it is essential to demonstrate this by appropriate marrow aspiration, bone-biopsy, and special investigations: Even so, this diagnosis includes a number of entities which differ in behaviour and prognosis and are prob ably due to different fundamental defects. They include congenital and familial aplastic anaemias, bone-marrow injury due to ionizing radiation, and chronic acquired aplastic anaemia. In a number of instances of acquired aplastic anaemia there is an undoubted causal relation with a chemical substance, but often there is no apparent history of an aetiological agent and, conversely, it may not be possible to define the relation of the disease with a drug known to have been previously administered. It is therefore convenient to study the idiopathic and secondary groups together. During the past 12 years 60 patients with chronic acquired aplastic anaemia have been investigated at the Postgraduate Medical School. On the basis of this experience problems of diagnosis are reviewed and influences which affect prognosis are analysed. The patients came from a wide area, including a few from overseas. Those referred for consultation tended to be the more serious cases, and the series cannot therefore be regarded as an unselected one.
Blood Capillaries of the Heart and Other Organs
Authors: Charles E. Kossmann, GEORGE E. PALADE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The article is a review of work recently carried out on blood capillaries by the author in collaboration with Drs. M. G. Farquhar, G. Majno, and S. L. Wissig. It reviews the morphology of these vessels at the electron-microscope level and confirms the existence of at least 3 distinct types of blood capillaries in small laboratory mammals. It shows that the capillary wall consists of 3 concentric layers (endothelium, basement membrane, and adventitia), and indicates that the basement membrane forms a continuous layer in all capillaries so far studied. Experiments in which colloidal gold particles were used as a tracer have shown that, in capillaries with a continuous endothelium (muscle capillaries), the particles are transported across it by "pinocytic" vesicles. At the end of this step they must still transverse the basement membrane. Experiments on glomerular capillaries, which typically have a discontinuous s endothelium, were carried out on normal and nephrotic rats using ferritin as a tracer. By its accumulation on the luminal side of the basement membrane, the ferritin has identified this layer as the main filtration barrier. A similar function of the basement membrane was demonstrated in muscle venules and venous capillaries by experiments in which the endothelium was rendered discontinuous by local treatment with histamine and serotonin.
A MULTIPLE ELECTRICAL STETHOSCOPE FOR TEACHING
Authors: C. J. Gamble
Journal: JAMA (1924)

For some years, efforts have been made to secure a multiple stethoscope for use in teaching classes of medical students. An instrument for the subdivision of the sounds from a single large chest piece into a number of rubber tubes leading to the usual stethoscope headpieces has been used by some. For successful operation, however, its capacity is limited to six or eight students, and the sounds are very faint. Heart sounds and murmurs have been transmitted electrically and recorded graphically by Einthoven.<sup>1</sup>Williams,<sup>2</sup>using an electromagnetic transmitter and two stages of electrical amplification, secured more accurate graphic records of murmurs. Since we began work on this apparatus, three articles have appeared describing the audible dis heart sounds. Squier<sup>3</sup>amplified the sounds of the group of physicians. Abbott,<sup>4</sup>using a transmitter exclude all except very low frequencies, amplified sounds and distributed them through a loud speaker.
Observations on the Action of the Lee Metford Bullet on Bone and Soft Soft Tissues in the Human Body, Made during the Chitral Expedition
Authors: J. Gould
Journal: BMJ (1895)

IHE LEE-METFORD BULLET.r T Bmn 129 which had a reddish-brown colour but no bad smell; poured them into the milk, which was then about the temperature of tea, and then poured it into an earthenware bowl; removed to a cold place during the night.On Wednesday, July3rd, 9 A.M., the custard had become quite thin, of the consistence of cream.Poured it over 7 or 8 quarts of strawberries, about 1-quart of which had been gathered on the previous night.Whipped the whites of eggs used above with 1 lb. of sifted sugar and spread over strawberries and custard on glass dishes.
Human piebald trait resulting from a dominant negative mutant allele of the c-kit membrane receptor gene.
Authors: R A Fleischman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Human piebald trait is an autosomal dominant defect in melanocyte development characterized by patches of hypopigmented skin and hair. Although the molecular basis of piebaldism has been unclear, a phenotypically similar "dominant spotting" of mice is caused by mutations in the murine c-kit protooncogene. In this regard, one piebald case with a point mutation and another with a deletion of c-kit have been reported, although a polymorphism or the involvement of a closely linked gene could not be excluded. To confirm the hypothesis that piebaldism results from mutations in the human gene, c-kit exons were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from the DNA of 10 affected subjects and screened for nucleotide changes by single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. In one subject with a variant single-stranded conformation polymorphism pattern for the first exon encoding the kinase domain, DNA sequencing demonstrated a missense mutation (Glu583----Lys). This mutation is identical to the mouse W37 mutation which abolishes autophosphorylation of the protein product and causes more extensive depigmentation than "null" mutations. In accord with this "dominant negative" effect, the identical mutation in this human kindred is associated with unusually extensive depigmentation. Thus, the finding of a piebald subject with a mutation that impairs receptor activity strongly implicates the c-kit gene in the molecular pathogenesis of this human developmental defect.
Clinical Experience and Quality of Health Care
Authors: Ronald S. Szabo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters5 July 2005Clinical Experience and Quality of Health CareRonald S. Szabo, MDRonald S. Szabo, MDFrom Collins Medical Associates, West Hartford, CT 06107.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-1-200507050-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As I sat at my kitchen table eating a cold dinner after a 12-hour day spent seeing 30 patients, doing 5 preventive medicine physicals and 2 urgent pre-ops, answering over 20 telephone calls, and sending 2 patients to the emergency department from the office, I read Choudhry and colleagues' article (1) with great interest. Next to me sat my 20-year-old son, who is as old as I have been in internal medicine practice. I finished the article and said to him, “There will be an editorial calling for more frequent testing of physicians.” Sure enough, there was ...References1. Choudhry NK, Fletcher RH, Soumerai SB. Systematic review: the relationship between clinical experience and quality of health care. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:260-73. [PMID: 15710959] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Weinberger SE, Duffy FD, Cassel CK. “Practice makes perfect”…or does it? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:302-3. [PMID: 15710964] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ronald S. Szabo, MDAffiliations: From Collins Medical Associates, West Hartford, CT 06107.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSystematic Review: The Relationship between Clinical Experience and Quality of Health Care Niteesh K. Choudhry , Robert H. Fletcher , and Stephen B. Soumerai “Practice Makes Perfect” … Or Does It? Steven E. Weinberger , F. Daniel Duffy , and Christine K. Cassel Clinical Experience and Quality of Health Care Geoffrey R. Norman and Kevin W. Eva Clinical Experience and Quality of Health Care Elizabeth W. Loder Clinical Experience and Quality of Health Care Niteesh K. Choudhry , Robert H. Fletcher , and Stephen B. Soumerai Clinical Experience and Quality of Health CareClinical Experience and Quality of Health Care Martin A. Samuels and Allan H. Ropper Clinical Experience and Quality of Health Care Roy M. Poses and Joseph A. Diaz Metrics Cited byWhat do physicians gain (and lose) with experience? Qualitative results from a cross-national study of diabetes 5 July 2005Volume 143, Issue 1Page: 85KeywordsConflicts of interestEatingEmergency departmentEmotionsHealth care qualityHeart ratePreventive medicine ePublished: 5 July 2005 Issue Published: 5 July 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Antinuclear Autoantibodies and Lupus Nephritis in Transgenic Mice Expressing Interferon γ in the Epidermis
Authors: John P. Seery, Joseph M. Carroll, Victoria Cattell, Fiona M. Watt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal non–organ-specific autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women. Features of the disease include inflammatory skin lesions and widespread organ damage caused by deposition of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. The mechanism and site of production of these autoantibodies is unknown, but there is evidence that interferon (IFN) γ plays a key role. We have used the involucrin promoter to overexpress IFN-γ in the suprabasal layers of transgenic mouse epidermis. There was no evidence of organ-specific autoimmunity, but transgenic animals produced autoantibodies against dsDNA and histones. Autoantibody levels in female mice were significantly higher than in male transgenic mice. Furthermore, there was IgG deposition in the glomeruli of all female mice and histological evidence of severe proliferative glomerulonephritis in a proportion of these animals. Our findings are consistent with a central role for the skin immune system, acting under the influence of IFN-γ, in the pathogenesis of SLE.
DIETETIC CAUSES OF INEBRIETY.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Inebriety is one of the most complex neuroses and obscure border-land diseases known. To the average practitioner the inebriate is simply a weak, wilful, vicious man, who has full power to do different but will not exercise it. When the inebriate is examined carefully, and all the facts of his inheritance and of his nutritional, and also mental life and growth are grouped, a uniform progressive line of disease is found. The pathologic conditions which precede alcohol and the conditions which follow from the use of alcohol, are marked in different degrees. The former are not recognized and the latter only recently have come into prominence. The use of alcohol is followed by conditions which differ very widely, and are unexplainable except by a study of preceding conditions before spirits was used. One of these conditions is heredity, that is the transmission of defects and predispositions to degenerate in certain
Mode of formation of synovial villi.
Authors: J.C Edwards, A.R Mackay, A.D Sedgwick, D.A Willoughby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Synovial tissue from 6 normal pigs and from 16 patients undergoing arthrotomy for joint disease was examined by dissecting microscopy. Scale models were constructed of 3 human synovial specimens from photographic magnifications of serial sections. Surface bridging and subintimal cavitation were observed, particularly in tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These features suggest that synovial surface projections (villi) do not form simply by outgrowth. Reference to original haematoxylin and eosin stained sections suggested that tissue splitting contributes to the formation of villi.
605 IDENTIFICATION OF T-CELL RESPONSES TO THE HEPATITIS B SPLICED PROTEIN (HBSP) OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS. ANRS STUDY: HB EP 02
Authors: F. Bayard, H. Fontaine, P. Soussan, C. Costentin, S. Fernandes, S. Pol, M.-L. Michel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
SYPHILIS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: JOSEPH COLLINS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

If all that has been written on the subject of syphilis were collected and made readily accessible a lifetime would probably be too short in which to peruse it. What excuse have I then for adding to it? Have I something to say that will add to the sum total of our knowledge of it, and which shared with you will combat the disease more successfully? I have definite views concerning the treatment of syphilis based on a very large experience with the important clinical display of syphilis, that of the nervous system, which are not generally accepted, but which should be accepted that syphilis may be successfully treated. I do not mean to say that these views are original, for I know that they are taught by many progressive syphilologists. They are not held by the rank and file of the profession, however, if I may judge from an
Hematologic Data on Healthy Very Old People
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Zauber and Zauber<sup>1</sup>conclude from their investigation of old, apparently healthy people that hematologic data are essentially unaffected by age. However, the population studied was small, several inclusion criteria seem somewhat vague, and significant differences were seen between old and young men, mainly in regard to hemoglobin-dependent variables. There thus seems to be a contradiction between their data and their conclusion. <h3>Study.—</h3> In an epidemiologic study,<sup>2</sup>we recently tested a random sample of the population (n = 4022). Using strict criteria (no signs of chronic disease; no smoking; no medications; blood pressure &lt;160/95 mm Hg; cholesterol level &lt;6.70 mmol/L [260 mg/dL]; urea level &lt;400 mmol/L [1120 mg/dL] in men and &lt;340 mmol/L [952 mg/dL] in women; body mass index &lt;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; and a normal resting electrocardiogram), 567 persons were defined as healthy. Among other factors, we measured hemoglobin level and plasma viscosity. These data are
FDG-PET/CT Imaging in a Patient With Lymphangiosarcoma
Authors: Pelin Ozcan Kara, Gonca Kara Gedik, Oktay Sari, Taylan Kara, Farise Yilmaz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Lymphangiosarcoma is a well-recognized complication of chronic lymphedema. We present a rare case of lymphangiosarcoma in a 34-year-old woman who presented with a mass on her left lymphedematous leg. Her leg had become persistently swollen in the weeks during pregnancy and a clinical diagnosis of lymphedema was made, initially. During the third trimester, she developed an ulcerated mass lesion. MRI and FDG-PET/CT scans were performed after delivery. MRI demonstrated a 6 × 8 × 9.5 cm mass in the left thigh. Biopsy of the lesion was consistent with lymphangiosarcoma. FDG-PET/CT demonstrated the primary lesion and its distant metastases.
ELECTROTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM
Authors: W. J. Turrell
Journal: BMJ (1934)

with considerable improvement in the general condition.Four years later, however, she had an attack of acute tonsillitis, which was followed by a recurrence of the rheumatism.Removal of her tonsils has resulted iu improvement in her general condition and rheumatic symptoms.4. Multiple Foci.-The occurrence of multiple infective foci presents a somewhat similar difficulty.Having discovered one focus, the surgeon is apt to rest content and thereby miss another, and possibly more responsible, one.An excellent example of this mistake can be shown by the case of a woman, aged 42, who, fifteen years ago, was affected with septic arthritis of relatively sudden onset.This was presumed to be associated with infected teeth, and these were dealt with, with perhaps some, degree of improvement, but the patient -remained more or less an invalid.The occurrence of an otitis media two years ago led, as a routine, to the examination of the nose.To my surprise I found on transillumination that the antrum on one side was completely opaque.Operation disclosed chronic disease in the antrum, which from its nature had almost certainly resulted from the original dental infec- tion many years previously.A recent note of her con- dition states that she is now fit.Some deformity of the joints remains, but there is no sign of any active disease.To sum up, I hope that to-day's discussion may do something towards the consolidation of our ideas as to the scope of focal infection and as to the way in which the difficulties of its application to clinical practice may be surmounted.
Decision Analysis-Reply
Authors: James C. Sisson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It is pleasing to us that the article inThe Journalon clinical decision analysis has generated interest in this approach to the solution of medical problems. Dr Borak states that our conclusion is wrong in choosing not to perform the liver scan for the patient with bronchogenic carcinoma because we ignored the costs of the operation. Although not explicit in the article, the values assigned to the operation incorporated an arbitrary monetary cost along with the risks of morbidity and mortality and potential benefit from the procedure. If one accepts this inclusion in a simplified version of a decision analysis tree, then our conclusions are correct. Obviously, if the tree were to be used for a patient, it should be more complex to account for each important factor bearing on the decision. Our purpose in writing was not to demonstrate irrefutably that the liver scan would erroneously
Blistering Skin Diseases
Authors: Stephen I. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

There are numerous causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in blister formation. A simple, though not all-inclusive, way to classify blistering skin diseases may be to distinguish among genetic (e.g., epidermolysis bullosa), metabolic (e.g., porphyria cutanea tarda), drug-induced (erythema multiforme), infectious (e.g., bullous impetigo and herpesvirus), and immunologically mediated diseases. Although many of these diseases may be diagnosed on the basis of clinical and histologic findings, microbiologic, biochemical, and immunochemical studies have become important adjuncts, if not the final arbiters, in establishing a precise diagnosis. For example, epidermolysis bullosa is a term applied to a group of genetically determined disorders that . . .
Irreversibly sickled cell β-actin: Defective filament formation
Authors: Archil Shartava, William Korn, Arvind K. Shah, Steven R. Goodman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

It has been demonstrated that cysteine modification in irreversibly sickled cell β-actin slows down the remodeling of membrane skeletons [Shartava et al.: J Cell Biol 128:805-812, 1995]. This slow remodeling can be due to alterations in spectrin-actin binding and/or actin-actin interactions in irreversibly sickled cell (ISC) membrane skeletons. In these studies we demonstrate that ISC actin binds spectrin normally. However, ISC β-actin polymerizes and depolymerizes more slowly than control β-actin, and forms unusual aggregates when placed under polymerizing conditions. Electron microscopic analysis of actin polymers indicated that ISC actin generates a large amount of aggregates which we conclude are due to the structural modification caused by the disulfide bridge between cysteine264 and cysteine373 in β-actin. Am. J. Hematol. 55:97-103, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The 4G/5G promotor polymorphism of the PAl-1 gene is associated with coronary artery disease and linked to the HINDIII polymorphism
Authors: Jens D. Lohrmann, Tobias Krauss, Karlheinz Peter, Christoph Bode, Burton E. Sobel, Thomas K. Nordt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)