tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations on the Anticipation of Post-Partum Haemorrhage, with Remarks on the Action of Ergot on Pregnant Women
Authors: L. Atthill
Journal: BMJ (1897)

Medical Association held in London in i873, after the reading of a paper on the subject by Dr. Ewing Whittle, and,in the number of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL for November ist, I873, a paper of mine appeared, in which I say: " Dr. Whittle's paper, though read just before the hour at which the Section adjourned, was listened to with great interest, and a short and animated discussion followed.The reason why this paper was listened to with such attention is obvious.Every practitioner present, from personal experi- ence, dreaded post-partum hemorrhage, and, while admitting the value of transfusion in extreme cases, rejoiced at the pro- spect of not being obliged to think of so difficult and uncer- tain a procedure; indeed, more than one member (during the debate which had previously taken place on transfusion) asked-Could no means be suggested for rendering this opera- tion unnecessary ?Dr. Whittle's paper professed to be a reply to this query, but I think the subject should be more fully discussed."This I thenproceeded to do, and my example was followed by my lamented friend, the late Dr. Alfred McClintock, in an admirable paper read before the Obstetrical Society of Dublin, which will be found in the volume of the Proceedings of the Dublin Obstetrical Society for the session 1873-74.I have no intention of wearying the reader with a summary of these papers.Anyone interested in the subject will find them, and a report of the discussion which followed, in the volume I have referred to; but the question then discussed was, how best to avert the anticipated danger in cases where labour was actually in progress, and though many of the suggestion were valuable, they too often fail to be efficient, because time does not exist to permit preventive treatment to take effect.Thus great stress was laid on the administration of ergot, but I have long since been convinced that, to be of real use, ergot requires not only to be administered some hours before its action as a uterine haemostatic is needed, but also that the dose must be repeaAed, and that more than once, at intervals of about twohours, otherwise theeffect is uncertain, and so transient, as to be of little value.I do not, therefore, pro- pose to discuss this part of the subject, but to point out that in patients in whom a tendency to dangerous post-partum haemorrhage is known to exist, or indeed is suspected to exist the danger may in the majority of cases be averted, or at least greatly lessened, by treatment carried out antecedent to the expected date of the occurrence of labour.
The 'metabolic burst' in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with quiescent psoriasis
Authors: J.P.M. GEERDINK, P.W. TROOST, J. SCHALKWIJK, L.A.B. JOOSTEN, P.D. MIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

We report an investigation of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from untreated patients with mild, quiescent psoriasis. Four aspects of the ‘metabolic burst’ were measured to illustrate phagocytosis-related events. These were: myeloperoxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide release, superoxide production and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. Our study does not support the concept of an intrinsic abnormality of the PMN in psoriasis, but provides additional evidence for disease activity-dependent changes in phagocytic behaviour. Possible interactions with certain humoral factors, the so-called opsonins, are discussed.
Studies on Starling's Law of the Heart
Authors: EUGENE BRAUNWALD, ROBERT L. FRYE, JOHN ROSS, Robert Lewis
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

The relationship between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and circumference was studied in 27 open-chest dogs, utilizing a mercury-resistance gage to measure left ventricular end-diastolic circumference. In 6 experiments aortic pressure, cardiac output and heart rate were varied independently. Tachycardia above a rate critical for each heart elevated left ventricular eud-diastolic pressure for any given end-diastolic circumference. Hypothermia at a constant heart rate had a similar effect. The altered left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-end-diastolic circumference relationships resulting from tachycardia and hypothermia are believed to be related to the incomplete ventricular relaxation which occurs as the duration of diastole is encroached upon. Acute, spontaneous heart failure was accompanied by an augmented left ventricular end-diastolic circumference for any given end-diastolic pressure, an effect which may be considered to reflect an increase in myocardial extensibility. The relationship between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and end-diastolic circumference was not modified either by changes of aortic pressure or of cardiac output. There was no constant relationship between the left ventricular end-diastolic circumference and the tension-time index. Indeed, it was possible to manipulate aortic pressure and cardiac output so that these 2 parameters moved in opposite directions. These observations are not consonant with the view that myocardial oxygen consumption is primarily dependent on end-diastolic fiber length.
Evaluation of Methods for Detecting Recombination from DNA Sequences: Empirical Data
Authors: David Posada
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

The performance of 14 different recombination detection methods was evaluated by analyzing several empirical data sets where the presence of recombination has been suggested or where recombination is assumed to be absent. In general, recombination methods seem to be more powerful with increasing levels of divergence, but different methods showed distinct performance. Substitution methods using summary statistics gave more accurate inferences than most phylogenetic methods. However, definitive conclusions about the presence of recombination should not be derived on the basis of a single method. Performance patterns observed from the analysis of real data sets coincided very well with previous computer simulation results. Previous recombination inferences from some of the data sets analyzed here should be reconsidered. In particular, recombination in HIV-1 seems to be much more widespread than previously thought. This finding might have serious implications on vaccine development and on the reliability of previous inferences of HIV-1 evolutionary history and dynamics.
Estimation of Hominoid Ancestral Population Sizes under Bayesian Coalescent Models Incorporating Mutation Rate Variation and Sequencing Errors
Authors: Ralph Burgess, Ziheng Yang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Estimation of population parameters for the common ancestors of humans and the great apes is important in understanding our evolutionary history. In particular, inference of population size for the human–chimpanzee common ancestor may shed light on the process by which the 2 species separated and on whether the human population experienced a severe size reduction in its early evolutionary history. In this study, the Bayesian method of ancestral inference of Rannala and Yang (2003. Bayes estimation of species divergence times and ancestral population sizes using DNA sequences from multiple loci. Genetics. 164:1645–1656) was extended to accommodate variable mutation rates among loci and random species-specific sequencing errors. The model was applied to analyze a genome-wide data set of ∼15,000 neutral loci (7.4 Mb) aligned for human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and macaque. We obtained robust and precise estimates for effective population sizes along the hominoid lineage extending back ∼30 Myr to the cercopithecoid divergence. The results showed that ancestral populations were 5–10 times larger than modern humans along the entire hominoid lineage. The estimates were robust to the priors used and to model assumptions about recombination. The unusually low X chromosome divergence between human and chimpanzee could not be explained by variation in the male mutation bias or by current models of hybridization and introgression. Instead, our parameter estimates were consistent with a simple instantaneous process for human–chimpanzee speciation but showed a major reduction in X chromosome effective population size peculiar to the human–chimpanzee common ancestor, possibly due to selective sweeps on the X prior to separation of the 2 species.
Changes In IgE and IgG4 Epitopes After Milk Oral Immunotherapy (OIT)
Authors: Belén de la Hoz Caballer, Cristina Vlaicu, Inmaculada Cerecedo Carballo, Mónica Rodríguez-Álvarez, Maria Carmen Diéguez Pastor, Montserrat Fernández-Rivas, Javier Martínez-Botas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
The transcription factor E4bp4/Nfil3 controls commitment to the NK lineage and directly regulates Eomes and Id2 expression
Authors: Victoria Male, Ilaria Nisoli, Tomasz Kostrzewski, David S.J. Allan, James R. Carlyle, Graham M. Lord, Andreas Wack, Hugh J.M. Brady
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

The transcription factor E4bp4 (Nfil3) is essential for natural killer (NK) cell production. Here, we show that E4bp4 is required at the NK lineage commitment point when NK progenitors develop from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and that E4bp4 must be expressed at the CLP stage for differentiation toward the NK lineage to occur. To elucidate the mechanism by which E4bp4 promotes NK development, we identified a central core of transcription factors that can rescue NK production from E4bp4−/− progenitors, suggesting that they act downstream of E4bp4. Among these were Eomes and Id2, which are expressed later in development than E4bp4. E4bp4 binds directly to the regulatory regions of both Eomes and Id2, promoting their transcription. We propose that E4bp4 is required for commitment to the NK lineage and promotes NK development by directly regulating the expression of the downstream transcription factors Eomes and Id2.
Transscleral suture fixation of posterior chamber lenses combined with trabeculectomy11None of the authors has any commercial or proprietary interest in any drug or device named in the article.
Authors: Dong H Shin, Catherine M Birt, John M O’Grady, Chaesik Kim, Mark S Juzych, Lance C Lemon, Stephen Y Reed, Babak Eliassi-Rad
Journal: Ophthalmology (2001)
Current Smoking Trends in the United States
Authors: Patrick L. Remington
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Based on the aggregate of behavioral risk factor surveys, almost one third of adults were smokers in 1982. Overall, significantly fewer Hispanics smoked compared with whites or blacks. Among young adults, however, the rate of smoking was highest among whites compared with blacks and Hispanics. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers—especially young women—had higher rates of other risk behaviors, including alcohol misuse and lack of seat-belt use. Since 1965, the rate of decline of smoking among women has not been as great as that among men, due in part to the high rate—more than 40%—of smoking among young white women. Despite continued decrease in the overall proportion of smokers, the high rate among young women emphasizes the need for continued efforts toward prevention and cessation, before the well-documented health consequences develop. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2975-2978)
Searching for the true genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia
Authors: Lynn E DeLisi
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

The search for a genetic basis for schizophrenia has taken a new turn recently with the publication of three reports of various rare copy-number variations that are associated with schizophrenia. While some of the findings may simply disappear as spurious reports, others remain interesting: that is, deletions in the Velocardiofacial syndrome region of chromosome 22, and regions of chromosome 1q21.1 and 15q13.3. These results will gain greater significance if future validation in family studies shows their segregation with illness within families, and when it is understood how the genes containing these variants affect the underlying neurochemistry and neuropathology characteristic of schizophrenia.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital pharmacies.
Authors: R M Baird, W R Brown, R A Shooter
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The environments of hospital pharmacies and the preparations made in these pharmacies were examined for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This organism was widely distributed in the pharmacies and was isolated from 9% of preparations. In 11 instances strains of Ps aeruginosa from the preparations bore a close resemblance to strains previously found in the pharmacy environments.
Effectiveness of interdisciplinary primary care approach to reduce disability in community dwelling frail older people: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: S. F. Metzelthin, E. van Rossum, L. P. de Witte, A. W. Ambergen, S. O. Hobma, W. Sipers, G. I. J. M. Kempen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate whether an interdisciplinary primary care approach for community dwelling frail older people is more effective than usual care in reducing disability and preventing (further) functional decline. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 12 general practices in the south of the Netherlands <b>Participants</b> 346 frail older people (score ≥5 on Groningen Frailty Indicator) were included; 270 (78%) completed the study. <b>Interventions</b> General practices were randomised to the intervention or control group. Practices in the control group delivered care as usual. Practices in the intervention group implemented the "Prevention of Care" (PoC) approach, in which frail older people received a multidimensional assessment and interdisciplinary care based on a tailor made treatment plan and regular evaluation and follow-up. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was disability, assessed at 24 months by means of the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. Secondary outcomes were depressive symptomatology, social support interactions, fear of falling, and social participation. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months' follow-up. <b>Results</b> 193 older people in the intervention group (six practices) received the PoC approach; 153 older people in the control group (six practices) received care as usual. Follow-up rates for patients were 91% (n=316) at six months, 86% (n=298) at 12 months, and 78% (n=270) at 24 months. Mixed model multilevel analyses showed no significant differences between the two groups with regard to disability (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes. Pre-planned subgroup analyses confirmed these results. <b>Conclusions</b> This study found no evidence for the effectiveness of the PoC approach. The study contributes to the emerging body of evidence that community based care in frail older people is a challenging task. More research in this field is needed. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN31954692.
BINDING OF ANTIGEN BY IMMUNOCYTES
Authors: Jean-Claude Bystryn, Gregory W. Siskind, Jonathan W. Uhr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

The binding of antigen to cells with antibody on their surface has been studied in a model system consisting of murine myeloma cells (MOPC 315) and DNP conjugates. Specific binding occurred between the DNP groups of DNP conjugates and cell surface immunoglobulin. Using this model, the binding affinities of multivalent and univalent DNP conjugates were measured directly by equilibrium-binding techniques and indirectly by displacement of bound conjugate with univalent hapten. With both approaches the multivalent conjugate was shown to bind to cells with an avidity 100–300 fold greater than the univalent hapten. Nonspecific binding of unrelated protein and repeated washing of cells was found to markedly dedecrease the specific binding of univalent conjugates, presumably because the relatively weak bonds dissociate readily.
Time course of and stimuli to compensatory growth of the lung after pneumonectomy.
Authors: J S Brody
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Left pneumonectomy in the mature rat led to an increase of [3Ha1 thymidine incorporation into DNA of the remaining lung in the first 3 postoperative days, and resulted in a subsequent 38% increase of lung weight and 41% increase of lung tissue volume measured 1 wk after surgery. Despite these early changes, total lung volume (TLV) did not increase until the 2nd postoperative wk, reaching values 33% greater than in controls. Analysis of lung pressure-volume curves revealed that lung recoil was increased at low lung volumes 1 wk after surgery, but returned to normal by the 2nd postoperative wk, suggesting that synthesis of both lung elastin and collagen had occurred by this time. Increased inspired oxygen concentration (28% or 35%) during the 1st but not the 2nd postoperative wk abolished the change in TLV without influencing the increase in lung weight, while diminished inspired oxygen (17% or 14%) accentuated the postoperative increase in TLV. Lung pressure-volume curves demonstrated changes in distensibility at low lung volumes, suggesting that oxygen may have influenced synthesis or cross-linking of lung elastin. Alterations of minute ventilation in the postoperative period produced by 3% CO2 did not influence the compensatory growth process, nor did administration of cyclophosphamide. These studies suggest that postpneumonectomy lung growth is a two-phase process, beginning with cell proliferation and increased tissue volume, followed by increasing lung volume associated with formation of lung structural proteins. The latter process is profoundly influenced by inspired oxygen concentration in the early postoperative period.
The MRN protein complex genes: MRE11 and RAD50 and susceptibility to head and neck cancers
Authors: Iwona Ziółkowska-Suchanek, Maria Mosor, Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Małgorzata Rydzanicz, Marta Baranowska, Jerzy Nowak
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

The members of MRE11/RAD50/NBN (MRN) protein complex participates in DNA double-strand break repair and DNA-damage checkpoint activation. We have previously shown that the p.I171V NBN gene mutation may contribute to the development of laryngeal cancer. This study tested the hypothesis that variants of the MRE11 and RAD50 genes, previously described as cancer risk factors, predispose to increased susceptibility to head and neck cancer.In this study we analyzed the RAD50 and MRE11 genes in 358 patients: 175 with a single laryngeal cancer (LC), 115 with multiple primary tumors but one malignancy (primary or second) localized in the larynx (MPT-LC), 68 patients with multiple primary tumors localized in the head or neck (MPT) and 506 controls. No carriers of previously reported mutation in the MRE11 or RAD50 gene (particularly the pathogenic c.687delT) were detected in the present study. We identified the p.V127I variant (2/175 LC, 2/506 controls; OR=2.91; 95% CI 0.41-20.85) and p.V315L variant (2/115 MPT-LC, 1/506 controls; OR=8.96; 95% CI 0.81-99.68) of the RAD50 gene.Our data indicated that previously described common genetic variations in the MRE11 and RAD50 genes do not contribute to an increased risk of laryngeal cancer and second primary tumors localized in the head and neck. Prospective studies with larger groups of patients may reveal the possible impact of these genes in tumor occurrence.
Nebivolol Reverses Endothelial Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Nikolaos Tzemos, Pitt O. Lim, Thomas M. MacDonald
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Vascular endothelial dysfunction may predict future atherosclerosis. Hence, an antihypertensive agent that reverses endothelial dysfunction and lowers blood pressure might improve the prognosis of patients with hypertension. We hypothesized that nebivolol, a vasodilating β-blocker, could improve endothelial dysfunction. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of nebivolol and atenolol on endothelial function. Methods and Results Twelve hypertensive patients with a mean ambulatory blood pressure of 154±7/97±10 mm Hg were randomized after a 2-week placebo run-in period (baseline) in a double-blind, crossover fashion to 8-week treatment periods with either 5 mg of nebivolol with 2.5 mg of bendrofluazide or 50 mg of atenolol with 2.5 mg of bendrofluazide. Forearm venous occlusion plethysmography and intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA) were used to assess stimulated and basal endothelium-dependent nitric oxide release, respectively. Sodium nitroprusside was used as an endothelium-independent control. Nebivolol/bendrofluazide and atenolol/bendrofluazide each lowered the clinic blood pressure to the same extent (132±7/82±6 and 132±9/83±8 mm Hg, respectively; P &lt;0.001 from baseline). The vasodilatory response to acetylcholine was significantly increased with nebivolol/bendrofluazide (maximum percentage change in forearm blood flow [mean±SEM], 435±27%, P &lt;0.001) but not with atenolol/bendrofluazide. Similarly, the endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictive response to L-NMMA was significantly improved only with nebivolol treatment (percentage change in forearm blood flow, −54±5%; P &lt;0.001). The response to sodium nitroprusside was not different between treatments, suggesting that the endothelium-independent pathway was unaffected. Conclusions Nebivolol/bendrofluazide increased both stimulated and basal endothelial nitric oxide release, whereas for the same degree of blood pressure control, atenolol/bendrofluazide had no effect on nitric oxide bioactivity. Thus, nebivolol may offer additional vascular protection in treating hypertension.
Stimulation by Triiodothyronine of the In Vitro Uptake of Sugars by Rat Thymocytes
Authors: Joseph Segal, Sidney H. Ingbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Studies were conducted to ascertain the in vitro effect of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) on the accumulation of the glucose analogue, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), by thymocytes freshly isolated from weanling rats. At a concentration of 1 μM, T3 stimulated the 15-min uptake of 3H-2-DG after cells had been exposed to T3 for only 30 min. Significant stimulation of 2-DG accumulation was produced by 1 nM T3, with increasing stimulation at doses ranging up to 10 μM. T3 did not alter the fraction of accumulated 2-DG that was phosphorylated, and kinetic studies indicated that its effect was associated with a significant increase in the apparent Vmax of 2-DG accumulation, but not the apparent Km. T3 also enhanced the accumulation by thymocytes of the nonmetabolized glucose analogue, 3-O-methylglucose (3-O-MG), an effect that was evidently the result of an increase in 3-O-MG transport into the cell, because it was seen in cells incubated with 3H-3-O-MG for only 30 s. The proportionate increase in 2-DG accumulation produced by T3 was not altered by preincubating cells with concentrations of puromycin or cycloheximide sufficient to reduce [3H]-leucine incorporation by 95%, and T3 over a period of >2 h had no effect on [3H]leucine incorporation itself.
Subacute thyroiditis in a single lobe.
Authors: OKTAY SARI, BELKIS ERBAS, TOMRIS ERBAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 33-year-old woman with no history of thyroid disease reported pain in her neck and a sore throat. On physical examination, the thyroid gland was palpable. Serum T3 and T4 levels were increased, and the thyroid-stimulating hormone level was decreased. Thyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate revealed nonvisualization of the left lobe of the thyroid. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the presence of the left thyroid lobe. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed thyroiditis of the left lobe of the thyroid. The patient was started on an anti-inflammatory drug. The follow-up thyroid scan showed a normal thyroid gland.