tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postprandial Exercise in Type I Diabetic Patients on Multiple Daily Insulin Injection Regimen
Authors: Mariella Trovati, Giovanni Anfossi, Sara Vitali, Elena Mularoni, Paola Massucco, Roberto De Facis, Quirico Carta, Pietro Greco Lucchina, Giorgio Emanuelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

This study shows the influence on plasma glucose concentrations of 45 min of mild exercise (48 ± 4% of maximum aerobic capacity) performed 180 min after breakfast and 195 min after a subcutaneous infection of regular Insulin by six type I (Insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on a three-daily insulin injection regimen (regular insulin before breakfast and lunch, regular + intermediate insulin before supper). It has been observed that such exercise does not induce a large plasma glucose decrease. Actually, plasma glucose concentrations were 99 18 mg/dl before exercise, reached a nadir of 78 ± 17 mg/dl at 35 min, and were 81 ± 15 mg/dl at the end of exercise. During the control study at rest, in the same 45-min time interval, plasma glucose decreased from 146 ± 31 to 128 ± 31 mg/dl. In the exercise study, one patient began exercising while hypoglycemic, and another patient developed asymptomatic hypoglycemia during exercise. In the control study at rest, one patient showed hypoglycemic glucose concentrations. Throughout the exercise study, plasma free-insulin concentrations decreased (from 32 ± 5 to 20 ± 4 μU/ml) as a result of the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously injected insulin.
Exacerbation-like respiratory symptoms in individuals without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from a population-based study
Authors: W C Tan, J Bourbeau, P Hernandez, K R Chapman, R Cowie, J M FitzGerald, D D Marciniuk, F Maltais, A S Buist, D E O'Donnell, D D Sin, S D Aaron
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Exacerbations of COPD are defined clinically by worsening of chronic respiratory symptoms. Chronic respiratory symptoms are common in the general population. There are no data on the frequency of exacerbation-like events in individuals without spirometric evidence of COPD. <h3>Aims</h3> To determine the occurrence of 'exacerbation-like' events in individuals without airflow limitation, their associated risk factors, healthcare utilisation and social impacts. <h3>Method</h3> We analysed the cross-sectional data from 5176 people aged 40 years and older who participated in a multisite, population-based study on lung health. The study cohort was stratified into spirometrically defined COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC &lt; 0.7) and non-COPD (post bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ≥ 0.7 and without self-reported doctor diagnosis of airway diseases) subgroups and then into those with and without respiratory 'exacerbation-like' events in the past year. <h3>Results</h3> Individuals without COPD had half the frequency of 'exacerbation-like' events compared with those with COPD. In the non-COPD group, the independent associations with 'exacerbations' included female gender, presence of wheezing, the use of respiratory medications and self-perceived poor health. In the non-COPD group, those with exacerbations were more likely than those without exacerbations to have poorer health-related quality of life (12-item Short-Form Health Survey), miss social activities (58.5% vs 18.8%), miss work for income (41.5% vs 17.3%) and miss housework (55.6% vs 16.5%), p&lt;0.01 to &lt;0.0001. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Events similar to exacerbations of COPD can occur in individuals without COPD or asthma and are associated with significant health and socioeconomic outcomes. They increase the respiratory burden in the community and may contribute to the false-positive diagnosis of asthma or COPD.
Essential Role of Developmentally Activated Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α for Cardiac Morphogenesis and Function
Authors: Jaya Krishnan, Preeti Ahuja, Sereina Bodenmann, Don Knapik, Evelyne Perriard, Wilhelm Krek, Jean-Claude Perriard
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Development of the mammalian heart is governed by precisely orchestrated interactions between signaling pathways integrating environmental cues and a core cardiac transcriptional network that directs differentiation, growth and morphogenesis. Here we report that in mice, at about embryonic day (E)8.5 to E10.0, cardiac development proceeds in an environment that is hypoxic and characterized by high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α protein. Mice lacking HIF1α in ventricular cardiomyocytes exhibit aborted development at looping morphogenesis and embryonic lethality between E11.0 to E12.0. Intriguingly, HIF1α-deficient hearts display reduced expression of the core cardiac transcription factors Mef2C and Tbx5 and of titin, a giant protein that serves as a template for the assembly and organization of the sarcomere. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Mef2C, Tbx5, and titin are direct target genes of HIF1α in vivo. Thus, hypoxia signaling controls cardiac development through HIF1α-mediated transcriptional regulation of key components of myofibrillogenesis and the cardiac transcription factor network, thereby providing a mechanistic basis of how heart development, morphogenesis, and function is coupled to low oxygen tension during early embryogenesis.
Colonic mucin synthesis is increased by sodium butyrate.
Authors: I A Finnie, A D Dwarakanath, B A Taylor, J M Rhodes
Journal: Gut (1995)

The effects of sodium butyrate and sodium bromo-octanoate (an inhibitor of beta oxidation) on colonic mucus glycoprotein (mucin) synthesis have been assessed using tissue from colonic resection samples. Epithelial biopsy specimens were incubated for 16 hours in RPMI 1640 with glutamine, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and N-acetyl-[3H]-glucosamine ([3H]-Glc NAc), and differing concentrations of sodium butyrate. Incorporation of [3H] Glc NAc into mucin by normal epithelium at least 10 cm distant from colonic cancer was increased in the presence of sodium butyrate in a dose dependent manner, with maximum effect (476%) at a concentration of 0.1 mM (number of specimens = 24 from six patients, p &lt; 0.001). The increase in response to butyrate was not seen when specimens were incubated in the presence of the beta oxidation inhibitor sodium bromo-octanoate 0.05 M. The striking increase in mucin synthesis that results when butyrate is added to standard nutrient medium suggests that this may be an important mechanism affecting the rate of mucin synthesis in vivo and may also explain the therapeutic effect of butyrate in colitis.
Depression and Suicide Among Physician Trainees
Authors: Matthew L. Goldman, Ravi N. Shah, Carol A. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Endocytic Recycling Compartments Altered in Cisplatin-Resistant Cancer Cells
Authors: Xing-Jie Liang, Sushmita Mukherjee, Ding-Wu Shen, Frederick R. Maxfield, Michael M. Gottesman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The clinical utility of cisplatin to treat human malignancies is often limited by the development of drug resistance. We have previously shown that cisplatin-resistant human KB adenocarcinoma cells that are cross-resistant to methotrexate and heavy metals have altered endocytic recycling. In this work, we tracked lipids in the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) and found that the distribution of the ERC is altered in KB-CP.5 cells compared with parental KB-3-1 cells. A tightly clustered ERC is located near the nucleus in parental KB-3-1 cells but it appears loosely arranged and widely dispersed throughout the cytoplasm in KB-CP.5 cells. The altered distribution of the ERC in KB-CP.5 cells is related to the amount and distribution of stable detyrosinated microtubules (Glu-α-tubulin), as previously shown in Chinese hamster ovary B104-5 cells that carry a temperature-sensitive Glu-α-tubulin allele. In addition, B104-5 cells with a dispersed ERC under nonpermissive conditions were more resistant to cisplatin compared with B104-5 cells with a clustered ERC under permissive conditions. We conclude that resistance to cisplatin might be due, in part, to reduced uptake of cisplatin resulting from an endocytic defect reflecting defective formation of the ERC, possibly related to a shift in the relative amounts and distributions of stable microtubules. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2346-53)
PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN REHABILITATION OF ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: V. P. Djurdjevic
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

Systematic physical training brings about morpho-functional changes of the cardiovascular system and through these changes enlarges cardiovascular capacity, therefore physical training is included in the means of prevention of "hypokinetic diseases of modern life", and is essential to the rehabilitation from these diseases.Essential arterial hypertension is connected with organic changes which result in decreasing functional ability of the cardiovascular system.These facts are unquestionably established by a great number of experimental and epidemiological studies.
The career of Maclyn McCarty
Authors: Emil C. Gotschlich, Vincent A. Fischetti
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

On January 2, 2005, the scientific community lost a valued colleague and friend. Maclyn McCarty, or “Mac,” as he was better known, was perhaps most recognized for his part in the discovery of DNA as the carrier of genetic information. But McCarty's scientific career was long and fruitful, and his contributions to science were vast. This retrospective offers a look at some of Mac's other notable scientific achievements.
Nanobody: The “Magic Bullet” for Molecular Imaging?
Authors: Rubel Chakravarty, Shreya Goel, Weibo Cai
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Molecular imaging involves the non-invasive investigation of biological processes in vivo at the cellular and molecular level, which can play diverse roles in better understanding and treatment of various diseases.Recently, single domain antigen-binding fragments known as 'nanobodies' were bioengineered and tested for molecular imaging applications.Small molecular size (~15 kDa) and suitable configuration of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of nanobodies offer many desirable features suitable for imaging applications, such as rapid targeting and fast blood clearance, high solubility, high stability, easy cloning, modular nature, and the capability of binding to cavities and difficult-to-access antigens.Using nanobody-based probes, several imaging techniques such as radionuclide-based, optical and ultrasound have been employed for visualization of target expression in various disease models.This review summarizes the recent developments in the use of nanobody-based probes for molecular imaging applications.The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it is expected that nanobody-based molecular imaging agents will play an important role in the diagnosis and management of various diseases.
Role of a cirrhosis risk score for the early prediction of fibrosis progression in hepatitis C patients with minimal liver disease
Authors: Eric Trépo, Andrej Potthoff, Pierre Pradat, Rakesh Bakshi, Bradford Young, Robert Lagier, Christophe Moreno, Laurine Verset, Richard Cross, Delphine Degré, Arnaud Lemmers, Thierry Gustot, Pascale Berthillon, William Rosenberg, Christian Trépo, John Sninsky, Michael Adler, Heiner Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Prediction of Detached Personality in Healthy Subjects by Low Dopamine Transporter Binding
Authors: Aki Laakso, Harry Vilkman, Jaana Kajander, Jörgen Bergman, Merja Haaparanta, Olof Solin, Jarmo Hietala
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Low striatal dopamine D(2) receptor binding in healthy human subjects has been associated with detached personality in studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and the Karolinska Scales of Personality questionnaire. The authors investigated whether a similar correlation exists between striatal dopamine transporter binding and detached personality.Eighteen healthy volunteers participated in a PET study with the specific dopamine transporter ligand [(18)F]CFT ([(18)F]WIN 35,428) and completed the Karolinska Scales of Personality questionnaire form.Age-corrected dopamine transporter binding in the putamen, but not in the caudate, correlated negatively with detachment personality scores, especially in the right hemisphere.This finding supports the hypothesis that low dopaminergic neurotransmission is associated with detached personality. Furthermore, since [(18)F]CFT binding is thought to reflect the density of dopaminergic nerve terminals in the brain, the authors suggest that the neurodevelopmental formation of the brain dopaminergic system may influence adult personality traits.
Multiple-source current steering in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease (the VANTAGE study): a non-randomised, prospective, multicentre, open-label study
Authors: Lars Timmermann, Roshini Jain, Lilly Chen, Mohamed Maarouf, Michael T Barbe, Niels Allert, Thomas Brücke, Iris Kaiser, Sebastian Beirer, Fernando Sejio, Esther Suarez, Beatriz Lozano, Claire Haegelen, Marc Vérin, Mauro Porta, Domenico Servello, Steven Gill, Alan Whone, Nic Van Dyck, Francois Alesch
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2015)
An integrated theory of language production and comprehension
Authors: Martin J. Pickering, Simon Garrod
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Currently, production and comprehension are regarded as quite distinct in accounts of language processing. In rejecting this dichotomy, we instead assert that producing and understanding are interwoven, and that this interweaving is what enables people to predict themselves and each other. We start by noting that production and comprehension are forms of action and action perception. We then consider the evidence for interweaving in action, action perception, and joint action, and explain such evidence in terms of prediction. Specifically, we assume that actors construct forward models of their actions before they execute those actions, and that perceivers of others' actions covertly imitate those actions, then construct forward models of those actions. We use these accounts of action, action perception, and joint action to develop accounts of production, comprehension, and interactive language. Importantly, they incorporate well-defined levels of linguistic representation (such as semantics, syntax, and phonology). We show (a) how speakers and comprehenders use covert imitation and forward modeling to make predictions at these levels of representation, (b) how they interweave production and comprehension processes, and (c) how they use these predictions to monitor the upcoming utterances. We show how these accounts explain a range of behavioral and neuroscientific data on language processing and discuss some of the implications of our proposal.
Insights into Cytokine–Receptor Interactions from Cytokine Engineering
Authors: Jamie B. Spangler, Ignacio Moraga, Juan L. Mendoza, K. Christopher Garcia
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2014)

Cytokines exert a vast array of immunoregulatory actions critical to human biology and disease. However, the desired immunotherapeutic effects of native cytokines are often mitigated by toxicity or lack of efficacy, either of which results from cytokine receptor pleiotropy and/or undesired activation of off-target cells. As our understanding of the structural principles of cytokine-receptor interactions has advanced, mechanism-based manipulation of cytokine signaling through protein engineering has become an increasingly feasible and powerful approach. Modified cytokines, both agonists and antagonists, have been engineered with narrowed target cell specificities, and they have also yielded important mechanistic insights into cytokine biology and signaling. Here we review the theory and practice of cytokine engineering and rationalize the mechanisms of several engineered cytokines in the context of structure. We discuss specific examples of how structure-based cytokine engineering has opened new opportunities for cytokines as drugs, with a focus on the immunotherapeutic cytokines interferon, interleukin-2, and interleukin-4.
HCG contamination of alglucerase: Clinical implications in low‐dose regimen
Authors: Yael Cohen, Deborah Elstein, Ayalah Abrahamov, Harry Hirsch, Ari Zimran
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Alglucerase (Ceredase) is currently the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic Gaucher disease. The contamination of this placental enzyme with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has raised concern regarding possible endocrinological complications. We examined 32 patients treated with low‐dose alglucerase and 27 untreated patients as controls, and found no significant clinical differences between the two groups: no prepubertal children were affected, no menstrual irregularities were reported, and all hCG levels were well within normal range. Conversely, our finding of a statistically significant difference between the groups underscores the importance of initiating parallel studies of hCG contamination in patients receiving high‐dose protocol. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diarrhea as a cause of mortality in a mouse model of infectious colitis
Authors: Diana Borenshtein, Rebecca C Fry, Elizabeth B Groff, Prashant R Nambiar, Vincent James Carey, James G Fox, David B Schauer
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Comparative characterization of genome-wide transcriptional changes during infection can help elucidate the mechanisms underlying host susceptibility. In this study, transcriptional profiling of the mouse colon was carried out in two cognate lines of mice that differ in their response to Citrobacter rodentium infection; susceptible inbred FVB/N and resistant outbred Swiss Webster mice. Gene expression in the distal colon was determined prior to infection, and at four and nine days post-inoculation using a whole mouse genome Affymetrix array.Computational analysis identified 462 probe sets more than 2-fold differentially expressed between uninoculated resistant and susceptible mice. In response to C. rodentium infection, 5,123 probe sets were differentially expressed in one or both lines of mice. Microarray data were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for 35 selected genes and were found to have a 94% concordance rate. Transcripts represented by 1,547 probe sets were differentially expressed between susceptible and resistant mice regardless of infection status, a host effect. Genes associated with transport were over-represented to a greater extent than even immune response-related genes. Electrolyte analysis revealed reduction in serum levels of chloride and sodium in susceptible animals.The results support the hypothesis that mortality in C. rodentium-infected susceptible mice is associated with impaired intestinal ion transport and development of fatal fluid loss and dehydration. These studies contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of C. rodentium and suggest novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea associated with intestinal bacterial infections.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Measured Blood Flow Change after Antiangiogenic Therapy with PTK787/ZK 222584 Correlates with Clinical Outcome in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cedric de Bazelaire, David C. Alsop, Daniel George, Ivan Pedrosa, Yongyu Wang, M. Dror Michaelson, Neil M. Rofsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: To measure changes in tumor blood flow following treatment with PTK787/ZK 222584, a pan–vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and their association with clinical response in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Experimental Design: In 10 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with PTK787/ZK 222584, tumor blood flow was evaluated by arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging before and 1 month on treatment. Changes in blood flow after 1 month of treatment were compared with bidimensional tumor response at 4 months of treatment using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Changes in blood flow at 1 month and changes in tumor size measured at 4 months or at time of disease progression were significantly correlated (P = 0.01). Patients with progressive disease within 4 months on treatment (n = 4) had a nonsignificant increase in tumor blood flow at 1 month (+25 ± 33%; P = 0.43), whereas patients with stable disease or partial response at 4 months (n = 6) had a significant decrease in tumor blood flow at 1 month (−42 ± 22%; P = 0.02). Conclusion: These results suggest that decreasing tumor blood flow with PTK787/ZK 222584 therapy, as shown as soon as 1 month on therapy by ASL, may predict for a favorable clinical outcome. These data are consistent with a hypothetical functional role for tumor ischemia in the mechanism of response to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. ASL blood flow magnetic resonance imaging shows promise as an early predictor of clinical response to antiangiogenic therapies.
Spontaneous tumor rejection by <i>cbl-b</i>–deficient CD8+ T cells
Authors: Stefanie Loeser, Karin Loser, Martijn S. Bijker, Manu Rangachari, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Teiji Wada, Stefan Beissert, Cornelis J.M. Melief, Josef M. Penninger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

The concept of tumor surveillance implies that specific and nonspecific components of the immune system eliminate tumors in the early phase of malignancy. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms of tumor immunosurveillance is of paramount significance because it might allow one to specifically modulate spontaneous antitumor activity. We report that inactivation of the E3 ligase Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) confers spontaneous in vivo rejection of tumor cells that express human papilloma virus antigens. Moreover, cbl-b−/− mice develop significantly fewer ultraviolet B (UVB)–induced skin malignancies and reject UVB-induced skin tumors. CD8+ T cells were identified as key players in the spontaneous tumor rejection response. Loss of Cbl-b not only enhances antitumor reactivity of CD8+ T cells but also occurs in the absence of CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, cbl-b−/− CD8+ T cells are resistant to T regulatory cell–mediated suppression and exhibit enhanced activation and rapid tumor infiltration. Importantly, therapeutic transfer of naive cbl-b−/− CD8+ T cells is sufficient to mediate rejection of established tumors. Even up to 1 yr after the first encounter with the tumor cells, cbl-b−/− mice carry an “anticancer memory.” These data identify Cbl-b as a key signaling molecule that controls spontaneous antitumor activity of cytotoxic T cells in different cancer models. Inhibition of Cbl-b is a novel approach to stimulate long-lasting immunity against cancer.