tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A2.
Authors: E van Loghem, B J Zegers, E J Bast, L Kater
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

A case of familial selective IgA2 deficiency is described. The mother had no detectable IgA2, but a low level of IgA1. She had anti-alpha 2 antibodies of the IgG class. One of her daughters also lacked IgA2 with a normal level of IgA1. The analysis of the immunoglobulin haplotypes of the family suggested the deletion of the alpha 2-gene. In addition, the analysis of B lymphocytes of mother and daughter showed the absence of IgA2-bearing cells. Upon stimulation with pokeweed mitogen, the B cells differentiated into IgA1-containing plasma cells, but IgA2-containing cells were not found. The results suggest a defect in the generation of intraclonal B cell isotype diversity. The molecular basis of this phenomenon is unknown.
β2 integrin phosphorylation on Thr758 acts as a molecular switch to regulate 14-3-3 and filamin binding
Authors: Heikki Takala, Elisa Nurminen, Susanna M. Nurmi, Maria Aatonen, Tomas Strandin, Maarit Takatalo, Tiila Kiema, Carl G. Gahmberg, Jari Ylänne, Susanna C. Fagerholm
Journal: Blood (2008)
Carcinoid Tumor or Hepatoma?
Authors: Harold Brown
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article entitled "Primary Liver-Cell Carcinoma with a Protracted Clinical Course" by D. D. Hunt in the April 13 issue ofThe Journal(<b>184</b>:146) is worthy of comment. We should like to suggest another interpretation of the observation. Instead of viewing the case as an instance of a primary hepatoma with a 5-year survival, we should like to suggest that this might have been an instance of a malignant carcinoid of the liver. In our own experience, and that of our pathologist colleagues, the histological appearance of the carcinoid may be indistinguishable from that of a primary hepatoma. We have in our files several cases of malignant carcinoid in which the initial liver biopsy was interpreted as a hepatoma. It is well known that individuals with carcinoid tumors may survive for many years (up to 30, in our experience) after the appearance of the mass. In
Abstract 2801: Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of pancreatic cancer: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers (VDPP)
Authors: Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Eric J. Jacobs, Alan A. Arslan, Dai Qi, Alpa V. Patel, Laurence N. Kolonel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Results from epidemiologic studies examining pancreatic cancer risk and vitamin D intake or 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] concentrations have been inconsistent. For most people, more than 90% of their vitamin D status is produced endogenously from exposure of the skin to solar ultra-violet B (UVB) light (280-320 nm) resulting in cutaneous production of precursors to 25(OH)D. 25(OH)D is the major circulating vitamin D metabolite in humans and is also considered the best indicator of vitamin D status from both sun exposure and diet. Therefore, we conducted a pooled nested case-control study of participants from 8 cohorts within the Vitamin D Pooling Project-Rarer Cancer Consortium (VDPP) to test whether pre-diagnostic circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with the development of incident pancreatic cancer. In total, 952 incident pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases occurred among participants (average follow-up 6.5 years). Controls (n=1333) were matched to each case by cohort, age, sex, race, date of blood draw, and follow-up time. Circulating vitamin D levels were measured using the DiaSorin LIAISON 25(OH)D TOTAL assay or an older DiaSorin radioassay. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate smoking-, body mass index-, and diabetes-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pancreatic cancer. Clinically relevant cut-points were compared to adequate status (defined as 50 to &amp;lt;75nmol/L) as the reference. No significant associations were apparent for deficient or inadequate status. However, high 25(OH)D concentration (&amp;gt; 100 nmol/L) was associated with a significant 2-fold increase in pancreatic cancer risk overall (OR=2.12, 95% CI 1.23-3.71). No statistically significant associations were observed for deficient (&amp;lt;25.0 nmol/L) or inadequate (25.0 to &amp;lt;37.5 nmol/L) status overall or in stratified models. This association was observed in smokers and non-smokers, and both men and women, although it was slightly stronger in men. Given this result, recommendations to increase vitamin D concentrations in healthy individuals for the prevention of cancer should be carefully considered. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2801.
Pulmonary Embolectomy
Authors: Lockhart B. McGuire, Gardner W. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE availability of extracorporeal circulation has made surgical relief of acute embolic obstruction of the pulmonary artery more feasible now than at the time it was originally attempted by Trendelenburg.1 A careful review of autopsied cases of acute, massive pulmonary embolism has revealed that death is often not sudden and immediate, but that these patients may survive several hours or even days before succumbing to right-sided heart failure and shock.2 , 3 However, some patients with pulmonary embolism may have signs of circulatory and respiratory distress initially and then recover without embolectomy. Thus, a problem in the selection of patients for embolectomy . . .
Nonatheromatous Ischemic Heart Disease following Withdrawal from Chronic Industrial Nitroglycerin Exposure
Authors: RAMON L. LANGE, MICHAEL S. REID, DONALD D. TRESCH, MICHAEL H. KEELAN, VICTOR M. BERNHARD, GEORGE COOLIDGE
Journal: Circulation (1972)

This report describes the clinical, angiographic, and hemodynamic findings in nine patients who manifested nonatheromatous ischemic heart disease induced by chronic industrial exposure to nitroglycerin and subsequent withdrawal. They represent nearly 5% incidence in the group of 200 workers with similar exposure. One patient died suddenly, and the disease was commonly without premonitory symptoms. Of the eight survivors, five were studied and none showed evidence of significant organic obstructive disease. However, in one studied during the withdrawal state, coronary and digital arteriospasm was demonstrated, and was readily reversed by nitroglycerin. Survivors exhibited exercise symptomatology and hemodynamic impairment similar to other patients with myocardial dysfunction from ischemic heart disease. Complete left bundle-branch block with late sudden death occurred in one, and chronic recurrent atrial fibrillation is present in a second. An attractive hypothesis suggests that chronic vasodilatation evokes homeostatic vasoconstriction, the latter persisting during the withdrawal period with cardiac ischemia. A more detailed study of the vasodilator action of organic nitrate and the homeostatic reaction is warranted. In addition, the effect of chronic administration of potent, longacting organic nitrate-based drugs should be examined in the light of this industrial experience.
'If you drink, don't drive' motto now applies to hangovers as well
Authors: Daniel H. Franck
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Although the detrimental effects of being drunk while driving are well known, a recent report from Sweden's National Road and Traffic Research Institute indicates that a hangover—that dizzy, queasy, next-morning feeling—may also diminish driving ability by as much as 20% even when the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0 mg/dL. Furthermore, according to the report, a person's ability to carry out complex driving maneuvers is reduced for at least three hours after the BAC reaches zero, and hangover-impaired subjects demonstrate a marked inability to subjectively determine if they are fit to drive at all. The study, carried out in Sweden by Hans Laurell and Jan Törnros of Statens väg-och trafikinstitut (VTI), was published as VTI Rapport N. 222A last year. Since publication, Swedish road officials have launched a public information campaign to tell people about the possible hazards of driving with a hangover. Laurell recently told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS: "We've
Vision screening in preschool children.
Authors: R. M. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1992)

commercially interested parties for the use of likely to find many false positive referrals.Though or squint identified by programmes to screen expensive drug combinations should be resisted.'the measurement of binocular function is quoted as children's vision before they start school.'Bolger For many years the standard treatment has been one of the advantages of screening by orthoptists and colleagues rightly suggest that the effectiveness castration by surgical orchidectomy or, more compared with screening by clinical medical of treatment should be assessed by a randomised recently, analogues of luteinising hormone releas-officers, no data are provided.Did many of the controlled trial.I suggest that very many children ing hormone.children with 6/9 and 6/12 vision have good would have to be entered into such a trial to have Oral oestrogen treatment has been largely binocular function?Were they amblyopic at all? any hope of clarifying this issue in a reasonable abandoned because of the thromboembolism and Many of the children we see who have been time and that a multicentre trial would be neces- fluid retention that attend the use of conventional referred with 6/9 or 6/12 vision turn out to have sary.As some form of preschool vision screening doses necessary to suppress testosterone concen-only slight ametropia.In the absence of good is, unfortunately, already being carried out in some trations in all patients to the castrate range.Yet the longitudinal studies of such children the parents districts, would it not be sensible for some official castrate range of plasma testosterone concentration cannot be counselled properly, and it may not be body, such as the British Orthoptic Society, to in the context of subtotal androgen blockade was true to say that these children inevitably become coordinate collection of the results of treatment in only arbitrarily chosen, long ago, as the lowest amblyopic.the form of a randomised trial?that could be conveniently achieved.A smallerThe economic analysis provided is too simple.In Bolger and colleagues report false positive reduction of plasma androgen concentrations may most areas patients are referred to consultant referrals, but their study did not extend to identify- well provide optimal palliation.'As thrombo-ophthalmologists for further assessment, and in a ing false negative referrals-that is, children who, embolic complications are dose dependent a lower cash limited service this means that fewer patients having "passed" their preschool test, present after dose of oestrogen will often control prostatic from other sources of referral can be seen.In school entry with amblyopia and squint.These cancer with less risk of such complications.addition, it ignores the additional cost to the children undoubtedly exist,2 and it will be necessary Clinical trials by the Veterans Administration parents of a further screening visit to see the for any trial to take account of them.and more recently the European Organisation for orthoptist.
The Brothers Warren, American Patriots
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THIS IS not truly a story of the American War of Independence (the Revolutionary War). Rather, it is an account of two brothers Warren, one who died a hero's death early in the war and one who survived to found a surgical dynasty that endures to this day. In keeping with tradition during the year of the Bicentennial, John Singleton Copley's portrait of one of the brothers, Dr Joseph Warren, graces the cover of this issue ofThe Journal. <h3>JOSEPH WARREN The Physician</h3> When Joseph attended Harvard College with the intention of practicing medicine, he evidently had little thought that he would become an honored patriot of the American War of Independence. He was a member of the third generation of Warrens born in colonial America, and his maternal grandfather had been a physician before him. Joseph's medical education was typical for American physicians of his era, as described vividly
Prehospital thrombolysis--calculated health benefit for catchment population of one hospital
Authors: M. Kroese, D. Kanka, P. Weissberg, B. Arch, J. Scott
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

The health benefit of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction is greatest when patients are treated soon after onset of symptoms.One approach to reducing treatment delay is to give thrombolysis before the patient reaches hospital.When an ambulance trust proposed a prehospital thrombolysis service, local commissioners requested an estimate of its possible health impact.Clinical audit and ambulance trust data were obtained for 165 patients who received thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction in the coronary care unit of a local hospital in one year.This information was then used to estimate the health impact of prehospital thrombolysis in the local population in a mathematical model derived from the results of trials comparing prehospital and hospital thrombolysis.The best predicted local health benefit from the proposed prehospital thrombolysis service is that, if 45 minutes can be cut off the call-to-needle time, 61 cases of acute myocardial infarction need to be treated to save one additional life at 35 days.By use of published research data, the health benefits of prehospital thrombolysis can be estimated for a local population.Variables in the treatment population and ambulance service will influence the size of the health benefit that can be achieved.
Digoxin sensitivity in amyloid cardiomyopathy.
Authors: A Rubinow, M Skinner, A S Cohen
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Digoxin (5 mg/ml) was added to 10-mg and 20-mg pellets of purified primary and secondary amyloid fibrils, a normal human liver and heart homogenate and a homogenate from the heart of a patient with amyloid cardiomyopathy who had not received digitalis. After centrifugation, the supernatants were recovered and assayed for digoxin concentrations. Aliquots from the sediments were studied for the presence of digoxin, using rabbits antidigoxin antiserum and an indirect immunofluorescent technique. The results showed that 0.11--0.13 ng/ml of digoxin bound per milligram of fibrils and could not be separated by repeated washings. Elution with citrate or changes in the pH of the buffer. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated diffusely bright immunofluorescence with the fibril preparation and amyloid heart homogenate when reacted with digoxin and digoxin-specific antiserum. These studies demonstrate that isolated amyloid fibrils bind digoxin and suggest that this interaction may play some role in the sensitivity to digitalis that has been observed in some patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy.
329. Use of Recombinant Non-Pathogenic Bacteria as Vectors for Hypoxia Targeted Gene Expression for Cancer Gene Therapy
Authors: Asferd Mengesha, Ludwig Dobois, Brad G. Wouters, Phillipe Lambin, Jan Theys
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

One of the most fundamental aspects of gene therapy for cancer continues to be targeting of therapeutic gene expression specifically to the tumor. In order to exclusively target malignant cells while at the same time sparing normal tissue, cancer gene therapy needs to combine highly selective gene delivery with highly specific gene expression. Specific bacterial strains have been considered as gene delivery vehicles as an alternative to viral vectors. We and others have been investigating the potential use of non-pathogenic anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium. Their tumor specificity is based upon the unique physiology of solid tumors which is often characterized by regions of hypoxia and necrosis. We have constructed Clostridium strain that expresses the prodrug converting enzyme, nitroreductase that converts the prodrug CB1954 into a toxic agent that can kill dividing and non-dividing cells. As the enzyme is specifically targeted, high therapeutic doses are achieved only in the tumor. In vivo experiments using combined treatment of prodrug and recombinant bacteria administration resulted in a significant anti-tumoral response. Besides to Clostridium, the ability of the attenuated Salmonella to replicate preferentially in solid tumors demonstrated its potential use as gene delivery vector. However, despite its preferential tumor accumulation, normal tissues are also colonized albeit to a lesser extent. Although bacteria are cleared rapidly from the normal tissues, it negatively affects the specificity of the salmonella mediated gene transfer system. One way to address this problem is to obtain controlled gene expression when using attenuated Salmonella by exploiting tumor hypoxia. In that context, introducing a therapeutic gene under the transcriptional control of a hypoxia regulatory element might be promising.
THE PNEUMONIAS: STREPTOCOCCUS AND PNEUMOCOCCUS GROUPS
Authors: JAMES G. CUMMING
Journal: JAMA (1918)

A conference of medical officers from Fort Sam Houston and Camp Travis was held, Jan. 3, 1918, for the purpose of considering the pneumonia situation.Various points in the determination of the causative organism in pneumonia following measles were con- sidered, methods of procedure were suggested, and the laboratory force was organized to take up the work.A preliminary report1 was sent to the Surgeon\x=req-\ General of the U. S. Army, Feb. 7, 1918.We present a part of the original report, together with additional cases and comments.
The evaluation of left ventricular function in man. A comparison of methods.
Authors: T H Kreulen, A A Bove, M T McDonough, M J Sands, J F Spann
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Comparisons of the sensitivities of parameters for assessing left ventricular performance in man were made in 38 patients. The parameters compared were the ejection fraction, ventriculographic contraction patterns, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and the contractile indices including the contractile element velocity at 10 mm Hg (Vce 10) and maximal contractile element velocity (Vmax). The contractile indices were obtained by catheter tip manometry, utilizing developed pressure (DP) to calculate the velocity of contractile element shortening (Vce) from the formula: dp/dt divided by 32 DP. Vce 10 was measured directly and Vmax was derived by linear manual extrapolation of the pressure-velocity plot to 0 mm Hg. Vmax values derived from linear manual extrapolation were compared with values obtained by computer least squares fitting of the Vce and developed pressure data points to single and double exponential equations. The Vce and developed pressure data points fit the single exponential equation better than the double exponential equation but the use of either equation resulted in slightly higher values for Vmax than obtained with linear manual extrapolation. The effect of heart rate on myocardial contractility was eliminated by making comparisons at both a basal and atrial paced rate of 100. Utilizing all methods, 24 patients were identified to have ventricular dysfunction. The contractile indices were significantly less sensitive than any other parameter (P smaller than 0.05) and identified seven patients while the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction, and presence of asynergy identified 15, 15, and 12 patients, respectively. The use of a common atrial paced rate of 100 did not increase the sensitivity of the contractile indices. Since there was only partial overlapping between parameters in the identification of left ventricular dysfunction, the combination of different parameters was more sensitive than any single parameter alone. It is concluded that several methods are required to identify all patients with left ventricular dysfunction and that the contractile indices are the least sensitive indicator of left ventricular dysfunction.
Unsolved mysteries of intestinal M cells
Authors: C NICOLETTI
Journal: Gut (2000)

Unsolved mysteries of intestinal M cellsSummary M cells are highly specialised cells present within the epithelium overlying organised lymphoid follicles of the small and large intestine.They play a central role in the initiation of mucosal immune responses by transporting antigens and microorganisms to the underlying lymphoid tissue.In this way the mucosal immune system encounters the limitless variety of antigens that enter the body through the gut mucosa and reacts by mounting specific mucosal and systemic immune responses.Despite the role of M cells in mucosal defence many basic aspects of their biology, the most controversial being their origin within the follicle associated epithelium (FAE), still remain the subjects of debate.Recently, new information on the complex interactions of luminal microorganisms, mucosal immune system, and epithelial cells, that are instrumental in the induction of this cell phenotype, have become available.Here, the most novel data and hypotheses on M cell genesis and function in the gut are reviewed and discussed.
Noninvasive in vivo imaging of pancreatic islet cell biology
Authors: Stephan Speier, Daniel Nyqvist, Over Cabrera, Jia Yu, R Damaris Molano, Antonello Pileggi, Tilo Moede, Martin Köhler, Johannes Wilbertz, Barbara Leibiger, Camillo Ricordi, Ingo B Leibiger, Alejandro Caicedo, Per-Olof Berggren
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Incorporating clinical metadata with digital image features for automated identification of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Z. Liu, J. Sun, M. Smith, L. Smith, R. Warr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) of malignant melanoma (MM) has been advocated to help clinicians to achieve a more objective and reliable assessment. However, conventional CAD systems examine only the features extracted from digital photographs of lesions. Failure to incorporate patients' personal information constrains the applicability in clinical settings.To develop a new CAD system to improve the performance of automatic diagnosis of melanoma, which, for the first time, incorporates digital features of lesions with important patient metadata into a learning process.Thirty-two features were extracted from digital photographs to characterize skin lesions. Patients' personal information, such as age, gender and, lesion site, and their combinations, was quantified as metadata. The integration of digital features and metadata was realized through an extended Laplacian eigenmap, a dimensionality-reduction method grouping lesions with similar digital features and metadata into the same classes.The diagnosis reached 82.1% sensitivity and 86.1% specificity when only multidimensional digital features were used, but improved to 95.2% sensitivity and 91.0% specificity after metadata were incorporated appropriately. The proposed system achieves a level of sensitivity comparable with experienced dermatologists aided by conventional dermoscopes. This demonstrates the potential of our method for assisting clinicians in diagnosing melanoma, and the benefit it could provide to patients and hospitals by greatly reducing unnecessary excisions of benign naevi.This paper proposes an enhanced CAD system incorporating clinical metadata into the learning process for automatic classification of melanoma. Results demonstrate that the additional metadata and the mechanism to incorporate them are useful for improving CAD of melanoma.