tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The relationship between water vapour saturation of inhaled air and nasal patency
Authors: J. Lindemann, R. Leiacker, G. Rettinger, T. Keck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The nasal cavity volume and the temperature of the nasal mucosa are considered to be the most important predictors of nasal conditioning. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the intranasal degree of water vapour saturation of inhaled air and nasal patency. Intranasal humidity values at different locations within the nasal cavity of 15 healthy subjects were compared to nasal airway resistance detected by active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR). Repeated measurements were carried out during one day to obtain varying nasal cavity volumes due to the nasal cycle. The end-inspiratory humidity data were obtained with a miniaturised capacitive humidity sensor at defined detection sites within the anterior nasal segment without interruption of nasal breathing. Measurements were carried out at four different times during one day. The degree of water vapour saturation did not correlate with the values of the AAR at any intranasal detection site and time of detection during one day. The study supports the view that there is no correlation between the degree of water vapour saturation within the anterior nasal segment and the nasal resistance during the nasal cycle over the day. Although nasal patency varies because of the nasal cycle, the changes of nasal cavity volume due to the nasal cycle do not seem to influence the degree of water vapour saturation of the inspiratory air.
Roxithromycin verseus penicillin in the treatment of erysipelas in adults: a comparative study
Authors: P. BERNARD, P. PLANTIN, H. ROGER, B. SASSOLAS, E. VILLARET, V. LEGRAIN, J.-C. ROUJEAU, Y. REZVANI, A. SCHEIMBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Roxithromycin verseus penicillin in the treatment of erysipelas in adults: a comparative study Get access P. BERNARD, P. BERNARD Department of Dermatology, CHU Dupyutren, Limoges, France Dr P.Bernard., Hôspital Universitaire Dupuytren, 2 avenue Alexis Carrel, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. PLANTIN, P. PLANTIN Department of Dematology, CHU Morvan, Brest, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. ROGER, H. ROGER Department of Dermatology, CHU, Hotel‐Dieu, Clermont‐Ferrand, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. SASSOLAS, B. SASSOLAS Department of Dematology, CHU Morvan, Brest, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. VILLARET, E. VILLARET Department of Dermatology, Hôspital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. LEGRAIN, V. LEGRAIN Department of Dermatology, Hôsptial des Enfants, Bordeaux, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐C. ROUJEAU, J.‐C. ROUJEAU Department of Dermatology, CHU Henri Mondor, CréCteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. REZVANI, Y. REZVANI Laboratoires Roussel, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. SCHEIMBERG A. SCHEIMBERG Laboratoires Roussel, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 2, 1 August 1992, Pages 155–159, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08048.x Published: 01 August 1992
Future of British medicine--the possibilities.
Authors: A. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1967)

There is only one possible solution for the future-to make N.H.S. general practice effective.Private practice for more than a very few people is a non-starter.The I.M.S., B.U.P.A., and similar schemes are alternatives, stimulants to prick the N.H.S. out of stagnation, but so long as (and Enoch Powell1 made this point very clearly in his book) the difference in price between nothing at all and the cost of private practice is so great very few people will pay fees.Indeed, the general public are not dissatisfied with the present service.The Research Institute for Consumer Affairs2 looked criti- cally at the N.H.S. and concluded that most patients seemed satisfied with the general-practitioner service in spite of a formidable list of defects, which included a shortage of general practitioners, lack of proper training for the job, overwork which frustrated their concern with prevention, and the often primitive circumstances in which doctors meet their patients.It quoted an American visitor: " In England I have what I could never afford at home: a family doctor.There
Increased Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and/or Its Receptor in Gastrinomas Is Associated with Low Curability, Increased Growth, and Development of Metastases
Authors: Masayuki Furukawa, Mark Raffeld, Carmen Mateo, Akio Sakamoto, Terry W. Moody, Tetsuhide Ito, David J. Venzon, Jose Serrano, Robert T. Jensen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Growth factors, particularly insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in some nonendocrine and a few endocrine tumors, are thought important in recurrence, growth, and aggressiveness. Whether this is true of neuroendocrine tumors such as gastrinomas is unclear. The aim of this study was to address this question in gastrinomas. Experimental Design: IGF-I and IGF-IR expression in gastrinomas from 54 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome were analyzed and correlated with clinical/tumor characteristics. IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNA levels were determined by competitive reverse transcription-PCR. IGF-IR expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry, was done on a subset. Results: IGF-IR mRNA was found in 100% and IGF-I in 89%. IGF-I mRNA expression varied by &amp;gt;254-fold, IGF-IR by 2,670-fold, and the levels correlated in a given tumor. The IGF-IR level was lower in gastrinomas of patients who were rendered disease free and increased levels correlated with tumor growth, aggressiveness, extent, and with liver metastases. Increased IGF-I levels correlated with increased growth, tumor extent, and aggressiveness. Neither IGF-IR nor IGF-I levels correlated with tumor location, size, or its clinical/functional features. The IGF-IR correlated with disease-free survival. IGF-IRβ was found in 31 of 32 tumors (97%) by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: These results indicate that IGF-I and IGF-IR are expressed in almost all gastrinomas. Furthermore, assessment of IGF-I/IGF-IR expression in gastrinomas may be clinically useful in identifying those patients with more aggressive tumors who might benefit from more aggressive treatment.
The Pulmonary Vascular Responses to Short-Term Hypoxia in Human Subjects
Authors: JOSEPH T. DOYLE, JOSEPH S. WILSON, JAMES V. WARREN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Using the catheter technic, the acute circulatory reactions to a brief period of hypoxia have been studied. It was found that when a normal person breathed a gas mixture containing only 10 per cent oxygen, the pulmonary arterial pressure rose but the pulmonary capillary pressure remained unchanged. This indicated pulmonary vasoconstriction, thought to be due to a direct effect on the pulmonary vascular tree. No demonstrable change in so-called pulmonary blood volume could be detected. In an additional group of patients with cardiopulmonary disease the reactions were more erratic but not significantly different in type.
Expression of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha transgene in murine lung causes lymphocytic and fibrosing alveolitis. A mouse model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: Y Miyazaki, K Araki, C Vesin, I Garcia, Y Kapanci, J A Whitsett, P F Piguet, P Vassalli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The murine TNF-alpha gene was expressed under the control of the human surfactant protein SP-C promoter in transgenic mice. A number of the SP-C TNF-alpha mice died at birth or after a few weeks with very severe lung lesions. Surviving mice transmitted a pulmonary disease to their offspring, the severity and evolution of which was related to the level of TNF-alpha mRNA in the lung; TNF-alpha RNA was detected in alveolar epithelium, presumably in type II epithelial cells. In a longitudinal study of two independent mouse lines, pulmonary pathology, at 1-2 mo of age, consisted of a leukocytic alveolitis with a predominance of T lymphocytes. Leukocyte infiltration was associated with endothelial changes and increased levels of mRNA for the endothelial adhesion molecule VCAM-1. In the following months, alveolar spaces enlarged in association with thickening of the alveolar walls due to an accumulation of desmin-containing fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and lymphocytes. Alveolar surfaces were lined by regenerating type II epithelial cells, and alveolar spaces contained desquamating epithelial cells in places. Platelet trapping in the damaged alveolar capillaries was observed. Pulmonary pathology in the SP-C TNF-alpha mice bears a striking resemblance to human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in which increased expression of TNF-alpha in type II epithelial cells has also been noted. These mice provide a valuable animal model for understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and exploring possible therapeutic approaches.
Regulation of NADPH Oxidases
Authors: Peter L. Hordijk
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

The role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular (patho)physiology, in particular in signal transduction, is increasingly recognized. The family of NADPH oxidases (NOXes) plays an important role in the production of ROS in response to receptor agonists such as growth factors or inflammatory cytokines that signal through the Rho-like small GTPases Rac1 or Rac2. The phagocyte oxidase (gp91 phox /NOX2) is the best characterized family member, and its mode of activation is relatively well understood. Recent work has uncovered novel and increasingly complex modes of control of the NOX2-related proteins. Some of these, including NOX2, have been implicated in various aspects of (cardio)vascular disease, including vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell hypertrophy and proliferation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the role of the Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases in the activation of the various NOX family members.
The formin DIAPH1 (mDia1) regulates megakaryocyte proplatelet formation by remodeling the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons
Authors: Jiajia Pan, Larissa Lordier, Deborah Meyran, Philippe Rameau, Yann Lecluse, Susan Kitchen-Goosen, Idinath Badirou, Hayat Mokrani, Shuh Narumiya, Arthur S. Alberts, William Vainchenker, Yunhua Chang
Journal: Blood (2014)
HOMEMAKER SERVICE IN PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION
Authors: C. KNIGHT ALDRICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Homemaker service contributes substantially to the rehabilitation of mothers of young or adolescent children who require, may require, or have required psychiatric hospital care. It also contributes substantially to preventive psychiatry through decreasing the insecurity and anxiety of the children involved. The development of homemaker services can be materially assisted by the influence of psychiatrists in their communities.
Whole-Genome Sequencing for Optimized Patient Management
Authors: Matthew N. Bainbridge, Wojciech Wiszniewski, David R. Murdock, Jennifer Friedman, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Irene Newsham, Jeffrey G. Reid, John K. Fink, Margaret B. Morgan, Marie-Claude Gingras, Donna M. Muzny, Linh D. Hoang, Shahed Yousaf, James R. Lupski, Richard A. Gibbs
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

A disease mutation identified by whole-genome sequencing of twins with dystonia allowed optimization of treatment, resulting in clinical improvements.
Being big or growing fast: systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity
Authors: Janis Baird, David Fisher, Patricia Lucas, Jos Kleijnen, Helen Roberts, Catherine Law
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To assess the association between infant size or growth and subsequent obesity and to determine if any association has been stable over time. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, bibliographies of included studies, contact with first authors of included studies and other experts. <b>Inclusion criteria</b> Studies that assessed the relation between infant size or growth during the first two years of life and subsequent obesity. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Obesity at any age after infancy. <b>Results</b> 24 studies met the inclusion criteria (22 cohort and two case-control studies). Of these, 18 assessed the relation between infant size and subsequent obesity, most showing that infants who were defined as “obese” or who were at the highest end of the distribution for weight or body mass index were at increased risk of obesity. Compared with non-obese infants, in those who had been obese odds ratios or relative risks for subsequent obesity ranged from 1.35 to 9.38. Ten studies assessed the relation of infant growth with subsequent obesity and most showed that infants who grew more rapidly were at increased risk of obesity. Compared with other infants, in infants with rapid growth odds ratios and relative risks of later obesity ranged from 1.17 to 5.70. Associations were consistent for obesity at different ages and for people born over a period from 1927 to 1994. <b>Conclusions</b> Infants who are at the highest end of the distribution for weight or body mass index or who grow rapidly during infancy are at increased risk of subsequent obesity.
Rituximab versus an alternative TNF inhibitor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who failed to respond to a single previous TNF inhibitor: SWITCH-RA, a global, observational, comparative effectiveness study
Authors: P Emery, J E Gottenberg, A Rubbert-Roth, P Sarzi-Puttini, D Choquette, V M Martínez Taboada, L Barile-Fabris, R J Moots, A Ostor, A Andrianakos, E Gemmen, C Mpofu, C Chung, L Hinsch Gylvin, A Finckh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Objectives To compare the effectiveness of rituximab versus an alternative tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor (TNFi) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response to one previous TNFi. Methods SWITCH-RA was a prospective, global, observational, real-life study. Patients non-responsive or intolerant to a single TNFi were enrolled ≤4 weeks after starting rituximab or a second TNFi. Primary end point: change in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints excluding patient's global health component (DAS28-3)–erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) over 6 months. Results 604 patients received rituximab, and 507 an alternative TNFi as second biological therapy. Reasons for discontinuing the first TNFi were inefficacy (n=827), intolerance (n=263) and other (n=21). A total of 728 patients were available for primary end point analysis (rituximab n=405; TNFi n=323). Baseline mean (SD) DAS28-3–ESR was higher in the rituximab than the TNFi group: 5.2 (1.2) vs 4.8 (1.3); p&lt;0.0001. Least squares mean (SE) change in DAS28-3–ESR at 6 months was significantly greater in rituximab than TNFi patients: −1.5 (0.2) vs −1.1 (0.2); p=0.007. The difference remained significant among patients discontinuing the initial TNFi because of inefficacy (−1.7 vs −1.3; p=0.017) but not intolerance (−0.7 vs −0.7; p=0.894). Seropositive patients showed significantly greater improvements in DAS28-3–ESR with rituximab than with TNFi (−1.6 (0.3) vs −1.2 (0.3); p=0.011), particularly those switching because of inefficacy (−1.9 (0.3) vs −1.5 (0.4); p=0.021). The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between the rituximab and TNFi groups. Conclusions These real-life data indicate that, after discontinuation of an initial TNFi, switching to rituximab is associated with significantly improved clinical effectiveness compared with switching to a second TNFi. This difference was particularly evident in seropositive patients and in those switched because of inefficacy.
Anti-HER2 Cationic Immunoemulsion as a Potential Targeted Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Danny Goldstein, Ofer Gofrit, Abraham Nyska, Simon Benita
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Present management of metastatic prostate cancer, which includes hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, are frequently palliative. Taxanes, and specifically docetaxel, are being extensively investigated to improve the survival of metastatic prostate cancer patients. Although paclitaxel exhibits a wide spectrum of antitumor activity, its therapeutic application is limited, in part, due to its low water solubility that necessitates the use of Cremophor EL, which is known to induce hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, the objective of this present study was to assess the efficiency of paclitaxel palmitate–loaded anti-HER2 immunoemulsions, a targeted drug delivery system based on cationic emulsion covalently linked to anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (Herceptin), in a well-established in vivo pharmacologic model of metastatic prostate cancer that overexpresses the HER2 receptor. It was clearly noted that the cationic emulsion and immunoemulsion did not activate the complement compared with the commercial and paclitaxel palmitate hydroalcoholic formulations. In addition, 10 mg/kg of paclitaxel palmitate–loaded immunoemulsion once weekly over 3 weeks inhibits the tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice much more than the cationic emulsion (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and the paclitaxel palmitate formulation (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The histopathologic analysis suggested a therapeutic improvement trend in favor of the immunoemulsion. However, there was no significant difference in antimetastatic activity between the emulsion and the immunoemulsion despite the affinity of the immunoemulsion towards the HER2 receptor. Although the tumor growth was not fully inhibited, the actual results are encouraging and may lead to an improved therapeutic strategy of metastatic prostate cancer treatment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):269–75]
<i>ALK</i> in Lung Cancer: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Alice T. Shaw, Jeffrey A. Engelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

In 2007, scientists discovered that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements are present in a small subset of non-small-cell lung cancers. ALK-positive cancers are highly sensitive to small-molecule ALK kinase inhibitors, such as crizotinib. Phase I and II studies of crizotinib in ALK-positive lung cancer demonstrated impressive activity and clinical benefit, leading to rapid US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2011. Although crizotinib induces remissions and extends the lives of patients, cures are not achieved as resistance to therapy develops. In this review, we will discuss the history of this field, current diagnostic and treatment practices, and future challenges and opportunities to advance outcomes for patients with ALK-positive lung cancers.
Cost-effectiveness of screening and early treatment of nephropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: J E Siegel, A S Krolewski, J H Warram, M C Weinstein
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Studies have demonstrated that "antihypertensive" treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) may retard the progress of nephropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. To obtain an indication of the potential effect of ACEI treatment and as a guide to future research, the effects of screening and early ACEI treatment programs were estimated using cost-effectiveness models. The preliminary analysis suggests that the early treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with ACEI is likely to be a very cost-effective use of health care resources. The cost-effectiveness ratio for screening and treatment at the stage of microalbuminuria ($7,900 to $16,500 per year of life saved) compares favorably with those of other medical life-saving interventions. Less-aggressive programs (screening followed by treatment at the stage of proteinuria) would improve life expectancy to a lesser extent but could save net health care costs as well as years of life. Although more exact and comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis must await clinical trials, these illustrative results demonstrate the range of cost-effectiveness that can be expected from these programs and identify data needed for more decisive policy conclusions.
Telomerase flies the coop: the telomerase RNA component as a viral-encoded oncogene
Authors: Steven E. Artandi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Telomerase, the enzyme that elongates our telomeres, is crucial for cancer development based on extensive analyses of human cells, human cancers, and mouse models. New data now suggest that a viral telomerase RNA gene encoded by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic herpesvirus of chickens, promotes tumor formation. These findings highlight the importance of telomerase in cancer and raise new questions regarding the mechanisms by which the telomerase RNA component supports tumorigenesis.
What are quality of life measurements measuring?
Authors: M. F Muldoon, S. D Barger, J. D Flory, S. B Manuck
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> It is now widely acknowledged that the personal burden of illness cannot be described fully by measures of disease status such as size of infarction, tumour load, and forced expiratory volume. Psychosocial factors such as pain, apprehension, restricted mobility and other functional impairments, difficulty fulfilling personal and family responsibilities, financial burden, and diminished cognition must also be encompassed. The area of research that has resulted from this recognition is termed "health related quality of life." It moves beyond direct manifestations of illness to study the patient9s personal morbidity—that is, the various effects that illnesses and treatments have on daily life and life satisfaction. Although quality of life assessment was almost unknown 15 years ago, it has rapidly become an integral variable of outcome in clinical research; over 1000 new articles each year are indexed under "quality of life." Although the importance of quality of life is broadly acknowledged, scepticism and confusion remain about how quality of life should be measured and its usefulness in medical research. These responses may reflect important conceptual and methodological limitations of the current concept of quality of life. We offer a simple framework that describes the core elements of quality of life related to health and use this to evaluate quality of life measurement as it is currently conducted. <h3>Summary points</h3> Measures of disease status alone are insufficient to describe the burden of illness; quality of life factors such as pain, apprehension, depressed mood, and functional impairment must also be considered Two operational definitions of quality of life are identified—objective functioning and subjective wellbeing Assessments of objective functioning and subjective wellbeing convey different information, they also present different problems in relation to validation Assessment of functioning derived from questionnaires must be validated against measures of directly observed behavioural performance Subjective appraisal of wellbeing may be influenced substantially by psychological factors unrelated to health or to changes over time in patients9 criteria for appraising wellbeing Whether and how quality of life researchers respond to these obstacles and deficiencies will probably determine the quality of their work in the future