tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON A SECOND LONG-ACTING FLUPHENAZINE
Authors: GEORGE M. SIMPSON, MOHAMMED AMIN, ESTHER KUNZ, F. VIRGINIA McCAFFERTY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

The injection of fluphenazine decanoate, a new long acting antipsychotic drug, resulted in rapid improvement in 9 of 12 chronic schizophrenic patients. The length of response following a single injection ranged from 7-39 days, with a mean length of activity of 16-22 days. This drug promises to be useful in the treatment of psychosis for economic reasons as well as its rapid action, its efficacy and its long action.
Birth Delivery Mode Modifies the Associations between Prenatal Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) and Neonatal Thyroid Hormone Levels
Authors: Julie B. Herbstman, Andreas Sjödin, Benjamin J. Apelberg, Frank R. Witter, Rolf U. Halden, Donald G. Patterson, Susan R. Panny, Larry L. Needham, Lynn R. Goldman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Developing infants may be especially sensitive to hormone disruption from chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).We investigated relationships between cord serum levels of PCBs and PBDEs and thyroid hormones measured in cord blood serum and neonatal blood spots.We measured PCBs and PBDEs, thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (FT4) in cord blood serum from 297 infants who were delivered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 2004-2005. We abstracted results of total T4 (TT4) measured in blood spots collected in the hospital and at neonatal visits. We used delivery mode (augmented vaginal deliveries and nonelective cesarean deliveries) as a surrogate for intrapartum stress, which is known to alter cord blood thyroid hormones.In the full study population, no compounds were associated with a change in average TSH, FT4, or TT4. BDE-100 was associated with increased odds of low cord TT4, BDE-153 with increased odds of low cord TT4 and FT4, and no compounds were associated with increased odds of high TSH. For infants born by spontaneous, vaginal, unassisted deliveries, PCBs were associated with lower cord TT4 and FT4 and lower TT4 measured in neonatal blood spots. PBDEs showed consistent but mainly nonsignificant negative associations with TT4 and FT4 measurements.Prenatal PCB and PBDE exposures were associated with reduced TT4 and FT4 levels among infants born by spontaneous, unassisted vaginal delivery. Intrapartum stress associated with delivery mode may mask hormonal effects of PCBs and PBDEs.
STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, Louis Boëz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The virus of foot-and-mouth disease exhibits a remarkable resistance to such bactericidal agents as the narcotic solvents (alcohol, ether, chloroform), or such antiseptics as phenol, bichloride of mercury, or cresol, as shown by tests made by others and ourselves. We have shown, however, that the resistance of the incitant to these chemicals is really masked. It is due to the fact that the reagents coagulate the proteins of the medium in which the virus is, as a rule, suspended. As a result the active agent is protected by the coagula which prevents direct contact with the chemicals. On the other hand, if advantage is taken of the periodic phenomenon attending such processes, and coagulation is prevented, the virus can then be brought under direct action of the antiseptics. Under these conditions, the incitant is more sensitive to destruction by the chemicals than is the living staphylococcus. As a corollary, the virus is destroyed as rapidly, or even more so, than are staphylococci by substances such as sodium hydrate (1 to 2 per cent solutions), or antiformin (1 per cent solution) which do not form coagula. We are therefore compelled to contradict the opinion that the extraordinary resistance to certain chemicals of the virus of foot-and-mouth disease, as it ordinarily occurs admixed with proteins, is an indication of its inanimate character. The results of a large series of experiments lead to the conclusion that of a number of antiseptics employed the sodium hydrate in 1 to 2 per cent solutions is an effective virucide. It is capable of killing the virus within 1 minute as shown by tests on cattle and guinea pigs. Furthermore, its effectiveness is not diminished even when the virulent material is admixed with cattle's urine, with manure, or with garden soil. The experimental evidence and the cheapness suggest its use in field practice as a disinfectant.
Morphologic Aspects of the Negativity of the U Wave and their Corresponding Electrocardiographic and Clinical Data
Authors: D. FURBETTA, F. SANTUCCI, A. BUFALARI, P. SOLINAS
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The negative U wave has been studied in 200 electrocardiograms. Six different types of negativity of the U wave are recognized; a seventh type includes the alterations of the T-U segment. Electrocardiographic and clinical data are correlated with these changes. Two hypotheses to explain the varying morphology of the negative U wave are discussed.
Transplantation of Abdominal Viscera
Authors: Selvan Davison
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I cannot but admire the remarkable surgery performed by Starzl et al,<sup>1</sup>as described in the March 10 issue of<i>JAMA</i>. However, I would suggest that patient 1 should not have undergone surgery. The list of her problems is forbidding. Apart from the abdominal mess, she had heart failure, pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, anasarca, renal failure, and liver failure. She needed transfusions of 61750 mL of blood. She died within 30 minutes of arrival in the intensive care unit. Is this the type of patient who should undergo such a massive surgical procedure? I would think not.
Antigen characterization of major cork moulds in Suberosis (cork worker's pneumonitis) by immunoblotting
Authors: J. C. Winck, L. Delgado, R. Murta, M. Lopez, J. A. Marques
Journal: Allergy (2004)

We characterized by immunoblotting the antigenicity of the most frequent fungi colonizing cork during its industrial processing, Penicillium glabrum and Chrysonilia sitophila. Penicillium glabrum is the main causative agent of Suberosis, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis of cork workers. Chrysonilia sitophila induces both IgE sensitization and occupational asthma in the wood processing industry.Serum-specific IgG, IgG4 and IgE to P. glabrum and C. sitophila from nine cork workers with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and seven with asthma (four with occupational asthma) were analysed by immunoblotting.Both HP and asthmatic patients' sera showed immunoreactivity to several proteins resolved in the specific immunoblot strips. The frequency of specific IgG recognition to 12-13.5 and 33 kDa proteins of P. glabrum was significantly higher in HP patients. The sera of HP patients had significantly higher specific IgG recognition to 16 and 51-55 kDa proteins of C. sitophila. There was no specific IgE recognition in the sera of HP or asthmatic patients to both fungi.Different patterns of antibody reactivity to P. glabrum and C. sitophila are seen in cork workers with hypersensitivity pneumonitis or asthma. The 12-13.5 and 33 kDa proteins of P. glabrum and the 16 and 51-55 kDa proteins of C. sitophila may be major antigens in Suberosis.
Troglitazone suppresses transforming growth factor-β1-induced collagen type I expression in keloid fibroblasts
Authors: G-Y. Zhang, C-G. Yi, X. Li, B. Ma, Z-J. Li, X-L. Chen, S-Z. Guo, W-Y. Gao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists are increasingly used in patients with diabetes and some studies have suggested a beneficial effect on organ fibrosis. However their effects on dermal fibrosis in keloids are unknown.To investigate the effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist troglitazone on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-induced collagen type I expression in keloid fibroblasts.Keloid fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of troglitazone in the presence of TGF-beta1. The mRNA expression of PPAR-gamma was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The protein of PPAR-gamma, Smad2, Smad3, phoshpo-Smad2/3 and collagen type I was determined by Western blotting and collagen synthesis was evaluated by measuring (3)H-proline incorporation. The effect of troglitazone on cell viability was evaluated by the colorimetric conversion of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide.PPAR-gamma was expressed at a moderate level in keloid fibroblasts. Troglitazone depressed TGF-beta1-stimulated collagen type I expression and collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, troglitazone inhibited expression and phosphorylation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad2/3. Cell viability was unaffected. These inhibitory effects of troglitazone were reversed by the PPAR-gamma-specific antagonist GW9662.Our data suggest that PPAR-gamma is present in keloid fibroblasts and PPAR-gamma activation inhibits TGF-beta1-induced collagen type I expression at least in part by decreasing collagen synthesis. PPAR-gamma may be a promising therapeutic target for keloids.
A CASE OF ACETANILID POISONING FROM ABSORPTION.
Authors: R. MAX GOEPP
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Calomel and salts were ordered, and quinin in full doses.The temperature promptly dropped to 99.8, and remained thereabout until the afternoon of June 6, when it reached 104.Calomel and salts Avere again given and quinin in large doses until the patient was thoroughly cinchonized.The temperature remained about the same, with but little variation, for two or three days, mild delirium then set in and the patient seemed to be getting worse.On the morning of June 10 the temperature in the rectum was 105; skin was flushed and dry, and delirium was becom- ing violent.There had been constipation, but this now changed to a mild diarrhea.For the high fever, which Avas entirely uninfluenced by cold baths, I gave one poAvder consisting of acetanilid grs.v, quinin grs.iii, caffein citrate grs.ii.About three hours later I was hurriedly called to see the patient and found her in a state of collapse, being cyanosed, comatose, bathed in sweat, with pulse 102, irregular and weak, and temperature 102.4.Respiration was greatly embarrassed.Artificial heat and stimulation brought about rapid and satisfactory reaction.To my surprise Avithin three hours the temperature had U IOS " ; icM-¡I 97 I Hup.m m m climbed to 106.4, and delirium became so violent as to cause the nurse and her husband to use restraint to keep her in bed.For the first time my attention Avas attracted by a pro- nounced macular eruption over the abdominal region, this discovery, with the fact that quinin was doing more harm than good, caused me to suspect a double infection.Anti- malarial treatment was immediately abandoned; further mood examination gave positive reaction by Widal's method, and tue urine showed presence of 0.2 per cent, albumin, tube casts, and typhoid bacilli in almost pure culture.Menstrua- tion, which had been suppressed for six Aveeks, now came on
Hysteria and Hysterical Conversion Reactions-Reply
Authors: George E. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I welcome the opportunity to respond to Dr Weintraub's letter, since it illustrates so well the pitfalls of ignoring the clear clinical distinction between two sets of concepts. The disagreement here stems largely from confusing two separate topics. My topic was classic hysteria as recognized by Hippocrates, Briquet, Robins, Guze, and others. Weintraub's topic is what he calls "HCRs." Dr Weintraub imagines that the controversy surrounding hysteria is because psychiatrists, who see a relatively small proportion of hysterics, are the most prolific writers on the subject. In actuality, the controversy stems from the fact that some confuse a single symptom (conversion reaction) with a diagnosis, while others retain a classic, clinical-descriptive approach to a syndrome that has a defined natural history. The syndrome or disease of hysteria (Briquet's syndrome) has been clinically described and delimited from other diseases.<sup>1,2</sup>It is substantially represented in hospital and psychiatric clinic
The Future General Internist
Authors: Harold C. Sox Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 July 1995The Future General InternistHarold C. Sox Jr., H. Denman Scott, and Jack GinsburgHarold C. Sox Jr.Search for more papers by this author, H. Denman ScottSearch for more papers by this author, and Jack GinsburgSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-2-199507150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The position paper by the ACP Task Force on Physician Supply sought to examine the current and future roles of the ideal general internist in light of recent trends showing decreasing interest in careers in general internal medicine and ambiguity about the role of the general internist in a rapidly changing health care environment. The paper discussed characteristics shared by all internists, including subspecialists. It also suggested redressing imbalances between the shortages of primary care physicians and the oversupply of subspecialists. However, the paper did not, and was not intended to, address the roles of subspecialists in the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1995Volume 123, Issue 2Page: 156-158KeywordsForecastingGeriatricsInformation technologyInpatientsPregnancyPrimary care physiciansSports and exercise medicineSub-specialty careSubstance abuseTraditional medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
"PROBLEMS OF LIFE IN THE TROPICS"
Authors: W. J. McConnell
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have been much interested in the editorials on the effects of high temperatures and humidities. I have been in accord with all but the last, on "Problems of Life in the Tropics" (The Journal, December 1, p. 1880). This speaks of the "needs today" but apparently overlooks recent investigations in the field, which were made in our own country. I note that a work published in 1905 stating that the rise in body temperature is virtually independent of the dry bulb temperature has been accepted by the writer in view of the advancement of our knowledge both in England and in America since that date. The work of the U. S. Public Health Service and U. S. Bureau of Mines, cooperating with the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, I believe, sufficiently demonstrates that the dry bulb temperature is as important as the wet bulb,
Sailors and star-bursts, and the arrival of HIV
Authors: E. Hooper
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Tracking the origins and early history of a newly recognised disease is more than just an academic exercise. To appreciate how a disease began can help medical science to combat it. The classic example is John Snow's investigation of the cholera epidemic in Golden Square, London, in 1854: his removal of the handle of the Broad Street pump contained the outbreak.1 An appreciation of causation may also help to prevent similar events occurring in the future. The recent evidence, for example, about the origins of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease2 3 will, hopefully, sensitise those research scientists who are transplanting baboon livers in humans to the potentially catastrophic impact of zoonoses—human diseases acquired from animals.4

In the case of AIDS, three related but distinct causes have been recognised in the past 16 years—namely the three human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-2 and HIV-1 groups M and O). It is now widely accepted that HIV-2 is the result of a zoonotic transfer of a simian immunodeficiency virus from the sooty mangabey (a species of African monkey). HIV-1 groups M (for “main”) and O (“outlier”) seem to result from two separate zoonotic transfers of different variants of simian immunodeficiency virus in chimpanzees.

#### Summary points

Learning about the origins of a disease may help us to control it and also to prevent similar diseases arising in the future

The earliest confirmed case of AIDS in the world was in a young Norwegian sailor who was infected with HIV-1 group O—probably in Cameroon in 1961-2

The earliest evidence of HIV-1 group M is from 1959 and of HIV-2 from 1965. It seems, therefore, that all three HIVs may have emerged around the same time

Phylogenetic evidence shows that HIV-1 groups M and O show a “star-burst” phylogeny, with different subtypes suddenly emerging around 1959

Opinion is …
Notch restricts lymphatic vessel sprouting induced by vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Wei Zheng, Tuomas Tammela, Masahiro Yamamoto, Andrey Anisimov, Tanja Holopainen, Seppo Kaijalainen, Terhi Karpanen, Kaisa Lehti, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Blood (2011)
Matrix vesicles are present in human osteoarthritic synovial fluid and promote formation of monosodium urate crystals
Authors: B. Jubeck, C. Gohr, A. K. Rosenthal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Matrix vesicles (MVs) are membrane-bound organelles that are physiologic components of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. MVs from articular cartilage are well characterised and range in size from 50–100 nm. MVs participate in mineralisation by acting as foci of calcium crystal formation. Acute gouty arthritis preferentially occurs in osteoarthritic joints and can co-occur with calcium crystals, but the role of MVs in monosodium urate (MSU) crystal formation is unexplored. We hypothesised that degradation of articular structures in osteoarthritis results in release of MVs into the synovial fluid and that synovial fluid MVs may promote MSU crystal formation. <h3>Methods</h3> MVs were isolated from human synovial fluid (SF) by serial centrifugation using protocols identical to those used to isolate MVs from tissue digests. Isolated MVs were assayed for protein content and levels of alkaline phosphatase, and NTPPPH enzyme activities were measured and compared to articular cartilage MVs. 144 ug/ml of MVs were added to a supersaturated urate solution. Controls included identical quantities of SF supernatant or bovine serum albumin added to a supersaturated urate solution. The resulting crystal pellet was isolated, washed and weighed. Crystal structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and polarising light microscopy. <h3>Results</h3> MVs were easily isolatable from 30 ml of human osteoarthritic SF. The MV fraction contained 0.144 ± 0.01 mg/ml protein. NTPPPH specific activity was considerably lower than from articular cartilage MVs at 14.7 pmol/mg. Alkaline phosphatase activity was undetectable. MSU crystals formed in all conditions. MVs increased MSU crystal production by 3.33 ± 0.07-fold over albumin control and 1.67 ± 0.08-fold over SF supernatant control. FTIR and polarising light microscopy confirmed the identity of the crystals as MSU and showed that MVs were incorporated into the crystal structure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> MVs can be isolated from SF. These MVs differ in biochemical profile compared to articular cartilage MVs, and thus, their tissue source is unclear. MVs facilitate MSU crystal formation, perhaps as acting as scaffolding for formation of crystal or altering the microenvironment. The presence of synovial fluid MVs in OA joints may contribute to the strong association between gouty arthritis and OA.
Bone marrow in primary amyloidosis
Authors: Manikkapurath Hemachandran, Kusum Joshi, Sumitra Dash
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

A 30-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of generalized edema.Her past medical history was unremarkable.The physical examination revealed significant facial puffiness and bilateral pedal edema.There was no lymphadenopathy or organomegaly, and there were no abnormal findings in the cardiovascular or respiratory systems.The hemoglobin was 14.1 g/dL, the white blood cell count and platelet count were both normal, and the differ-Image 1. Glomerulus showing deposition of amyloid material within the mesangium.Image 2. Bone marrow aspiration demonstrating a multinucleate plasma cell.Image 3. Plasma cells secreting amyloid material.Image 4. Bone marrow trephine biopsy exhibiting apple green birefringence of the amyloid material within the interstitium.
UK antimicrobial resistance strategy must be set in a wider context
Authors: P. M. Hawkey, B. C. Patel, A. J. Trees
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We welcome the editorial on the chief medical officer’s intent to tackle the rise of antimicrobial resistance.1 The remarkable success in reducing meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia to less than 2% exposes the rapidly growing problem of bacteraemia caused by Gram negative bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli (36%).2 E coli differs from most agents …
Genotype and Phenotype of 101 Dutch Patients with Congenital Stationary Night Blindness
Authors: Mieke M.C. Bijveld, Ralph J. Florijn, Arthur A.B. Bergen, L. Ingeborgh van den Born, Maarten Kamermans, Liesbeth Prick, Frans C.C. Riemslag, Mary J. van Schooneveld, Astrid M.L. Kappers, Maria M. van Genderen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
William Osler, 1849-1919
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1969)

On Dec 29, 1919, six months past his 70th birthday, Sir William Osler died; at his death he was unquestionably the most loved and perhaps also one of the most influential physicians in history. A brief biographical essay appears on page 2269. His full biography, written by Harvey Cushing, is highly recommended to every physician, and especially to medical students, to help offset any current lack of instruction in medical humanism. Two years ago, with the permission and encouragement of the editor ofThe Journal, I began to plan a commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Sir William Osler's death. The contributors to this tribute include a distinguished group of former pupils of Osler: Wilder Penfield, Watson Rankin, Emile Holman, Wilburt Davison, J. B. Langstaff, Patrick Mallam, and A. G. Gardner all knew him, and loved him, and treasure their memories of him— memories that they share here with those
Lysozymuria in diabetes.
Authors: M Farr, E N Wardle, K Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A reversible lysozymuria indicative of proximal tubular damage to the kidney was found in three out of five patients with diabetic ketosis, and a persistent lysozymuria was found in many patients with diabetic nephropathy. There was no relation between lysozymuria and the degree of proteinuria, and lysozymuria was not due to urinary tract infection. The degree of lysozymuria could be used to assess the severity of diabetic nephropathy.
Regulation and crosstalk of ERK/JNK/P70S6K in hepatic stellate cells: An in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: F. Ridolfi, S. Saccomanno, C. Candelaresi, P. Sterpetti, A. Benedetti, F. Folli, Ġ Svegliati baroni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Deciding which selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to prescribe
Authors: A. J Cleare
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Recent articles have debated the relative costs of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression in relation to their tolerability and efficacy.1 2 I M Anderson and B M Tomenson raise the point that cost-benefit analyses should include real life prescribing situations rather than the atypical situations found in short clinical trials.1

Intense media publicity and debate have been given to …