tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distribution of myocardial injury and its relation to epicardial ST-segment changes after coronary artery occlusion in the dog
Authors: J. K. KJEKSHUS, P. R. MAROKO, B. E. SOBEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

ST-segment changes in multiple epicardial recordings were evaluated 15 minutes after coronary occlusion in the dog and correlated with subendocardial and subepicardial cell death in corresponding sites, assessed by creatine phosphokinase depletion 24 hr later. ST-elevation was quantitatively related to subepicardial cell death; ST-depression in recordings from adjacent areas on the anterior surface of the heart was not associated with subendocardial or subepicardial necrosis; and cellular injury reflected by enzyme depletion was more pronounced in subendocardial compared with subepicardial portions of both peripheral and central areas of infarcts.
Points: Peripheral neuropathy during treatment with almitrine
Authors: P Howard, M. Allen, K. Prowse
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The paper by Dr F Chedru and colleagues (23 March, p 896) describing four cases of sensory neuropathv associated with almitrine is of interest.Almitrine will be used principally in the treatment of severe hypoxia caused by chronic obstructive airways disease.It is an interesting new respiratory
Combined Subcutaneous Recombinant &amp;alpha;&amp;ndash;Interferon and Interleukin&amp;ndash;2 in Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer: Results of the Multicentre All Ireland Immunotherapy Study Group
Authors: E. Rogers, H. Bredin, M. Butler, M. Corcoran, E. Egan, J. Fennelly, R. Grainger, S.Mc. Aleer, T.Mc. Dermott, G. Mullins, A. Tanner, A. Twomey, J. Thornhill
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Enhanced Liver Uptake of Tc-99m-Labeled RBCs During Gastrointestinal Bleed Scintigraphy Using Transfused RBCs Compared With Autologous RBCs
Authors: Kin T. Wong, Michele M. Beauvais, Wayne R. Melchior, Steven P. Snyder
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A gastrointestinal bleeding study was performed on 2 occasions on a 91-year-old woman. The in vitro method of red blood cell labeling with Tc-99m was used. Both studies were negative. The first study showed normal activity in the heart, liver, and great vessels. The second study was performed using cells from donor packed cells infused the day of the study. Using the heart as the reference organ, the relative degree of liver uptake is normally 50% with labeled autologous blood. The authors found a relative degree of liver uptake greater than 90% using labeled transfused red blood cells.
Famine threatens Horn of Africa as global number of hungry people tops a billion
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Millions of people in the Horn of Africa are again facing a major food crisis, the United Nations World Food Programme has warned. The agency blames the crisis on a “deadly mix of persistent drought, poor seasonal rains, conflict, and the cost of food, which remains high in many developing countries.” 

It also says that “the impact of the global financial crisis is threatening to exacerbate levels of hunger and desperation” across the region.

High food prices are increasing the number of people worldwide going hungry, warns the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, which is raising its estimate of the total number of undernourished people to …
Incidence of Childhood Distal Forearm Fractures Over 30 Years
Authors: Sundeep Khosla, L. Joseph Melton III, Mark B. Dekutoski, Sara J. Achenbach, Ann L. Oberg, B. Lawrence Riggs
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The incidence of distal forearm fractures in children peaks around the time of the pubertal growth spurt, possibly because physical activity increases at the time of a transient deficit in cortical bone mass due to the increased calcium demand during maximal skeletal growth. Changes in physical activity or diet may therefore influence risk of forearm fracture.To determine whether there has been a change in the incidence of distal forearm fractures in children in recent years.Population-based study among Rochester, Minn, residents younger than 35 years with distal forearm fractures in 1969-1971, 1979-1981, 1989-1991, and 1999-2001.Estimated incidence of distal forearm fractures in 4 time periods.Comparably age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence rates per 100 000 increased from 263.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 231.1-295.4) in 1969-1971 to 322.3 (95% CI, 285.3-359.4) in 1979-1981 and to 399.8 (95% CI, 361.0-438.6) in 1989-1991 before leveling off at 372.9 (95% CI, 339.1-406.7) in 1999-2001. Age-adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 were 32% greater among male residents in 1999-2001 compared with 1969-1971 (409.4 [95% CI, 359.9-459.0] vs 309.4 [95% CI, 259.3-359.5]; P =.01) and 56% greater among female residents in the same time periods (334.3 [95% CI, 288.6-380.1] vs 214.6 [95% CI, 174.9-254.4]; P<.001). The peak incidence and greatest increase occurred between ages 11 and 14 years in boys and 8 and 11 years in girls.There has been a statistically significant increase in the incidence of distal forearm fractures in children and adolescents, but whether this is due to changing patterns of physical activity, decreased bone acquisition due to poor calcium intake, or both is unclear at present. Given the large number of childhood fractures, however, studies are needed to define the cause(s) of this increase.
Carcinoma of the Rectum in a Centenarian
Authors: Claude E. Welch, W. Stewart Whittemore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE following case presented a problem that, if not unique, was at least so unusual that the details of its management are worth recording:H.R. (M.A.H. 111455), a 100-year-old woman, was admitted to the hospital on November 11, 1953 with a diagnosis of carcinoma of the rectum. She had been sickly as a child and recalled a number of childhood diseases, culminating in a severe attack of pneumonia; she had not been expected to survive to adult life. This prognosis had proved so inaccurate that she had outlived all her relatives, with the exception of a cousin, who was in . . .
Effects of Repetitive Bursts of Vagal Activity on Heart Rate
Authors: MATTHEW N. LEVY, THELMA LANO, HARRISON ZIESKE
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The effect of the timing of discrete bursts of efferent vagal impulses on heart rate was determined in anesthized dogs. Two modes of stimulation were employed. In the first mode, one stimulus burst was delivered per cardiac cycle. As the time from the beginning of the P wave to the vagal stimulus (P-St interval) was progessively increased, there was first a progressive lengthening of the cardiac cycle (P-P interval), then a rapid decrease in P-P interval, and finally a gradual augmentation of the P-P interval. The amplitudes of curves of P-P interval as a function of P-St interval increased as the number of stimuli per burst was augmented, with 10 stimuli/burst yielding nearly maximal effects. Vagal stimuli applied at P-St intervals which coincided with the negative-slope (d[P-P]/d[P-St]) region of such curves tended to evoke sinus arrhythmias. With 5 stimuli/burst or more, these arrhythmias were pronounced and consisted of alternate short and long P-P intervals. In the second mode of stimulation, bursts of stimuli were delivered to the vagus nerve at a frequency independent of heart rate. The cardiac pacemaker tended to become synchronized in some fixed ratio of vagal stimuli to P waves, and this tendency became greater the larger the number of stimuli per burst of impulses. Within any range of synchronization, a paradoxical effect was manifest--increasing frequencies of vagal stimulation produced increasing rather than decreasing heart rates.
Spanish children are most affected by the economic crisis, says the Spanish Society of Public Health (SESPAS)
Authors: L. Rajmil, L. Artazcoz, P. Garcia-Gomez, M. Flores, I. Hernandez-Aguado
Journal: BMJ (2015)

As Taylor-Robinson and colleagues show, child health and wellbeing have taken “a great leap backwards” in many countries during the current economic crisis.1 Since 2008, the risk of poverty and economic inequality has increased in Spain, and more so among children than in the general population. The proportion of children at risk of poverty increased from 28.2% to 36.3% between 2008 and 2012.2 Within …
Experimental Unilateral Renal Artery Constriction in the Dog
Authors: ANDREI N. LUPU, MORTON H. MAXWELL, JOSEPH J. KAUFMAN, FRED N. WHITE
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Chronic hypertension caused by unilateral constriction of the renal artery in the presence of the opposite untouched kidney can be produced in the dog by progressive plication of the renal artery over a period of several hours. Twenty-three female dogs were studied. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured in the unanesthetized recumbent dog by direct puncture of the femoral artery. Reproducible control blood pressure readings were obtained only after daily training of the animals for at least 2 months. Mean arterial blood pressure for the whole group of animals was 98.25 ± 7.45 (SD) mm Hg prior to constriction. Three months after constriction, the mean arterial blood pressure of the group of dogs with a 50-63% reduction in renal blood flow was 132.4 ± 5.51 (SD) mm Hg ( P &lt; 0.001); for the group with a 78-86% reduction in renal blood flow it was 144.68 ± 10.68 (SD) mm Hg ( P &lt; 0.001). Six dogs from these two groups underwent ipsilateral nephrectomies 4-16 months after constriction, and their elevated arterial blood pressures returned to preconstriction normal values. It was concluded that this type of experimental hypertension in the dog is renal dependent in both the acute and the chronic stages.
Obesity is risk factor in 70 000 new cancers a year in Europe, study shows
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

More than 70 000 new cases of cancer a year in Europe can be attributed to excess body weight, data from a new modelling study show.

The most common types of cancer attributable to obesity were endometrial, postmenopausal breast, and colorectal cancers ( International Journal of Cancer doi:10.1002/ijc.24803).

The results also indicate that obesity related oesophageal adenocarcinoma is a substantial problem in the United Kingdom, accounting for 54% of all the new cases of this cancer in the 30 countries in the study.

The authors say that obesity related cancer is a greater problem for women than for men, and they warn: “In the next decade, as smoking prevalence decreases in some …
THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC GANGRENE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY
Authors: DE WITT STETTEN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

When I began my practical surgical work some eleven years ago, I was appalled by the tremendously high mortality following operative interference in cases of diabetic gangrene. The usual treatment at that time was early amputation in the thigh under chloroform or ether anesthesia. The death-rate must have reached nearly 100 per cent., for I distinctly recall my agreeable surprise and astonishment when I witnessed the first recovery after seeing patient after patient, inside of a period of about two years, die in coma within from a few days to a couple of weeks after high amputation. It has always been my conviction that there was something radically wrong with our therapy, and that, if we adopted more rational methods, our results would be improved. By a gradual evolution we have finally developed a system of therapeutics that holds out some hope for these cases, which at one time gave
David Livingstone: Missionary, Physician and Explorer 1813–1873
Authors: Dana L. Farnsworth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

DAVID LIVINGSTONE, physician, missionary and explorer, was one of those people who are fortunate enough to attain a high place in the esteem and affection of their contemporaries, not by following the conventional pattern of a physician's career, or even that of a missionary, but by striking out boldly into a new field of action. He did this in the face of incredible hardships, all sorts of dangers, both known and unknown, and with little regard for his own personal, commonplace satisfactions. As one looks back on his activities over the span of a century, it may be worth while . . .
O-GlcNAc Transferase/Host Cell Factor C1 Complex Regulates Gluconeogenesis by Modulating PGC-1α Stability
Authors: Hai-Bin Ruan, Xuemei Han, Min-Dian Li, Jay Prakash Singh, Kevin Qian, Sascha Azarhoush, Lin Zhao, Anton M. Bennett, Varman T. Samuel, Jing Wu, John R. Yates, Xiaoyong Yang
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Nitric oxide regulation of protein trafficking in the cardiovascular system
Authors: C LOWENSTEIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a second messenger with diverse roles in the cardiovascular system, such as inhibiting thrombosis and limiting vascular inflammation. One mechanism by which NO modulates such disparate physiological processes is by regulating protein trafficking within cells. NO inhibits exocytosis of endothelial granules which would otherwise trigger inflammation. NO also blocks platelet secretion of granules that would otherwise activate thrombosis. NO decreases granule trafficking from the Golgi to the plasma membrane by targeting a key component of the exocytic machinery, N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF). In contrast to its inhibitory effects on exocytosis, NO accelerates endocytosis. S-nitrosylation of dynamin increases its ability to hydrolyze GTP, assemble in oligomers around a nascent vesicle, and cleave the endocytic vesicle free from the plasma membrane. NO regulation of vesicle trafficking is a molecular mechanism that explains some of the cardiovascular effects of NO, and may be of broad physiological significance.
QUANTITATIVE AIR-BORNE TUBERCULOSIS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: A. G. Heppleston
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

1. Pulmonary tuberculosis in unselected rabbits, induced by primary quantitative air-borne infection with human type tubercle bacilli, may retrogress or progress. Some animals whose disease was in a stationary condition might have fallen into one of the above groups had the experiments been prolonged. 2. Within the limits of the observations natural resistance or susceptibility appears to be the chief factor in determining the course of the disease. 3. Following the development of the primary lesions the tuberculin reaction became positive but thereafter proved to be an unreliable indicator of the course of the disease. 4. Tubercle bacilli can be recovered from macroscopically normal lung tissue of rabbits several weeks after primary infection. 5. Reinfection did not induce the formation of new lesions nor alter the course of the disease caused by the primary infection.
Familial hyperhomocysteinaemia and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and arterial distensibility of large arteries
Authors: J Lambert
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia, fasting as well as after a methionine load, occurs in families and is associated with premature atherosclerosis. We hypothesised that endothelial dysfunction plays a role in the relation between hyperhomocysteinaemia and clinical vascular disease. Methods: In this study flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of the brachial artery and, as a marker of biophysical changes of the vessel wall such as increased smooth muscle cell tone or collagen formation, arterial distensibility of the common carotid artery were investigated in 123 healthy first-degree relatives of patients with mild hyperhomocysteinaemia and coronary, cerebral or peripheral artery disease. Results: In multiple linear regression analyses, the increase in the homocysteine concentration after a standard methionine load was a significant determinant of an impaired flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery (measured on a separate day). The only other predictors were the baseline vessel diameter and age. Fasting homocysteine level was not associated with flow-mediated vasodilatation in the brachial artery. There was no relationship between homocysteine levels and nitroglycerine-induced, endothelium-independent vasodilatation of the brachial artery. Arterial distensibility of the carotid artery was also not related to homocysteine levels. Conclusions: In healthy first-degree relatives of patients with mild hyperhomocysteinaemia, the increase in homocysteine level after a methionine load is an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction. The results also suggest that fasting and post-methionine homocysteine levels may reflect distinct disturbances in methionine metabolism, which may be linked to vascular dysfunction through distinct mechanisms.
Potential involvement of IL-22 and IL-22-producing cells in the inflamed salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Francesco Ciccia, Giuliana Guggino, Aroldo Rizzo, Angelo Ferrante, Stefania Raimondo, AnnaRita Giardina, Francesco Dieli, Giuseppina Campisi, Riccardo Alessandro, Giovanni Triolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

In chronic inflammatory disorders, interleukin (IL)-22 may act either as a protective or as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. At mucosal sites, IL-22 is mainly produced by CD4(+) T cells and by a subset of mucosal natural killer (NK) cells expressing the receptor NKp44 (NKp44(+) NK cells). The aim of this study was to investigate the IL-22 expression in the salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).Minor salivary gland biopsies were obtained from 19 patients with pSS and 16 with non-specific chronic sialoadenitis. Quantitative gene expression analysis by TaqMan real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for IL-17, IL-22, IL-23 and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) was performed on salivary glands from patients and controls. The cellular sources of IL-22 among infiltrating inflammatory cells were also determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and immunohistochemistry.IL-22, IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly increased at both protein and mRNA levels in the inflamed salivary glands of patients with pSS. STAT3 mRNA and the tyrosine phosphorylated corresponding protein were also significantly increased in pSS. Th17 and NKp44(+) NK cells were the major cellular sources of IL-22 in patients with pSS.Our results suggest that, together with IL-17 and IL-23, IL-22 may play a pro-inflammatory role in the pathogenesis of pSS.
Validation of the Proposed International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Staging System Revisions for Advanced Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Using Data from the California Cancer Registry
Authors: Jason A. Zell, S -H. Ignatius Ou, Argyrios Ziogas, Hoda Anton-Culver
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Virus set against virus
Authors: Debbie Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Scientists have invented a new approach to combating AIDS by using another virus to selectively target and eliminate cells that are infected with HIV.

The same strategy was used by two groups—a team from the United States using a defective vesicular stomatitis virus and a group from Germany using a modified rabies virus ( Cell 1997;90:841-7, 849-59). This is the first time that viruses have been engineered to infect and kill another virus, and the approach may have applications beyond the treatment of AIDS.

HIV usually gains entry into T cells by binding its cell envelope protein, gp120, with the T cell surface receptors CD4 and fusin. A cell infected with HIV signals that it is infected by displaying …
Faucial and Labial Diphtheria
Authors: M. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1943)

JOURNALacting insulins; but the new G.Z.I. is a water-clear solution- to my mind, a serious disadvantage.Mistakes between insulins are all too common at present, and I foresee far more if another depot insulin appears on the market, especially if indistinguishable from soluble except for its label.It is difficult for me to understand how a new preparation of such a potent drug as insulin can reach the stage of marketing without serious trial by, and consultation with, the clinicians who will use it.If there is no administrative mechanism for judging and controlling the marketing of new products by their value in practical treatment it ought to be created.
Abstract 4741: SerpinA1 promotes gastric cancer progression through regulation of snail
Authors: Chae Hwa Kwon, Hye J. Park, Hyun Jung Moon, Ja-Rang Lee, Do Youn Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In the previous study, we reported that serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (serpinA1) were upregulated in snail overexpressing gastric cancer. Although the effect of serpinA1 has been studied in several cancers, there is no report that the expression of serpinA1 correlates with snail. In this study, we examined the relation between serpinA1 and snail, and the role of serpinA1 in gastric cancer. Overexpression of snail resulted in upregulation of serpinA1 in gastric cancer cells, AGS and MKN45 cells. Meanwhile, knockdown of snail inhibited serpinA1 expression. ChIP analysis showed that snail bind to serpinA1 promoter. Overexpression of snail increased snail recruitment to the serpinA1 promoter. Overexpression of serpinA1 increased the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells, while knockdown of serpinA1 decreased invasion and migration. In addition, we validated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of serpinA1 expression in 400 gastric cancer patients using immunohistochemistry analysis. SerpinA1 was observed in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells and stroma. Overexpression of serpinA1 was significantly associated with increased tumor size (P = 0.03), tumor progression (advanced T stage; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), perineural invasion (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), lymphovascular invasion (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), lymph node metastases (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and shorter survival (P = 0.001). In conclusion, serpinA1 induce the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells and the expression of serpinA1 is associated with the progression of gastric cancer. These results may provide a potential target to prevent gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Chae Hwa Kwon, Hye Ji Park, Hyun Jung Moon, Ja-Rang Lee, Do Youn Park. SerpinA1 promotes gastric cancer progression through regulation of snail. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4741. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4741