tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Signalling pathway of isophorone diisocyanate-responsive interleukin-8 in airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: P-L. Kuo, M-S. Huang, S-K. Huang, W-C. Ni, J-Y. Hung, Y-C. Ko, C-H. Hung, Y-M. Tsai, T-H. Duh, Y-L. Hsu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

This study is the first to analyse the soluble factors secreted by the bronchial epithelium after exposure to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) that are responsible for increasing migration and proliferation of primary normal human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs). We treated immortalised, nontumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells (cell line BEAS-2B) and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) with IPDI, and then collected the conditioned culture media (IPDI-BEAS-2B-CM and IPDI-HBEC-CM, respectively), which was added to BSMCs. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells and HBECs to IPDI increased interleukin (IL)-8 production. Culture of BSMCs with IPDI-BEAS-2B-CM and IPDI-HBEC-CM increased BSMC proliferation and migration, which are major features in asthma-related airway remodelling. Induction of BSMC proliferation and migration by IPDI-BEAS-2B-CM and IPDI-HBEC-CM was associated with increased focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and AKT activation. Blocking FAK with a specific inhibitor significantly decreased BSMC migration and proliferation by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation. FAK and ERK1/2 inhibitor also decreased IPDI-BEAS-2B-CM-, IPDI-HBEC-CM- and recombinant human IL-8-mediated BSMC proliferation and migration, whereas blocking Rnd3 using small interfering RNA failed to affect BSMC proliferation, suggesting that Rnd3 was only involved in the regulation of BSMC migration. Our study suggests that inhibition of IL-8 or IL-8-mediated FAK/ERK/Rnd3 signalling is an attractive therapeutic target for IPDI-mediated asthma.
Effects of coagulation temperature on measurements of complement function in serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: G Baatrup, G Sturfelt, A Junker, S.E Svehag
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Blood samples from 15 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 15 healthy blood donors were allowed to coagulate for one hour at room temperature, followed by one hour at 4 or 37 degrees C. The complement activity of the serum samples was assessed by three different functional assays. Serum samples from patients with SLE obtained by coagulation at 37 degrees C had a lower complement activity than serum samples from blood coagulated at 4 degrees C when the capacity of the serum samples to solubilise precipitable immune complexes and to support the attachment of complement factors to solid phase immune complexes was determined. Haemolytic complement activity was not affected by the coagulation temperature. The content of C1q binding immune complexes in paired serum samples obtained after coagulation at 4 and 37 degrees C was similar and the size distribution of the immune complexes, determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography, was also similar. This study shows that the results of functional complement assays, applied to serum samples from patients with SLE cannot be compared unless the conditions for blood coagulation and serum handling are defined and are the same. The data also indicate that assays measuring complement mediated solubilisation of immune complexes and the fixation of complement factors to solid phase immune complexes are more sensitive indicators of complement activity than the haemolytic assay.
Complex trait analysis of gene expression uncovers polygenic and pleiotropic networks that modulate nervous system function
Authors: Elissa J Chesler, Lu Lu, Siming Shou, Yanhua Qu, Jing Gu, Jintao Wang, Hui Chen Hsu, John D Mountz, Nicole E Baldwin, Michael A Langston, David W Threadgill, Kenneth F Manly, Robert W Williams
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Treatment of relapse of small cell lung cancer in selected patients with the initial combination chemotherapy carboplatin, etoposide, and epirubicin.
Authors: P Collard, P Weynants, C Francis, D O Rodenstein
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: Relapse of small cell lung cancer is not usually treated with further chemotherapy as results are considered to be disappointing. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six patients with relapse of small cell lung cancer after a complete initial response and remission of more than one year responded to repeat treatment with the initial chemotherapy comprising carboplatin, etoposide, and epirubicin. The second remission ranged from six months to more than 15 months. CONCLUSION: In patients with a relapse of small cell lung cancer after a complete initial response and prolonged remission retreatment with the initial combination chemotherapy cannot be dismissed and requires further study.
THE ROLE OF INTESTINAL BACTERIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIETARY CIRRHOSIS IN RATS
Authors: Alexander M. Rutenburg, Edmund Sonnenblick, Irving Koven, H. Arto Aprahamian, Leopold Reiner, Jacob Fine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Diffuse hepatic cirrhosis develops in rats on a choline-deficient diet within 300 days. Absorbable broad spectrum antibiotics added to the daily diet do not prevent the development of fatty infiltration, but they delay the development of cirrhosis for about 100 days more. Non-absorbable antibiotics added to the daily diet prevent the development of cirrhosis in most rats for as long as 750 days. The superiority of non-absorbable antibiotics to absorbable antibiotics excludes a systemic effect of the antibiotics and demonstrates that intestinal bacteria are largely, if not wholly, responsible for the cirrhosis in rats on a choline-deficient diet.
Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine co-ingestion on a reliable simulated soccer-specific protocol
Authors: M K Ranchordas, P Pattison
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co-ingesting carbohydrate and caffeine (CHO+CAF) in comparison to carbohydrate (CHO) and placebo (PLA), during a reliable soccer-specific test (Currell et al , 2009). 8 university-standard soccer players ingested a PLA, a 6.4% CHO or 6.4% CHO and 160 mg CAF (CHO+CAF) solution on three occasions, in a double-blind randomised cross-over design, with each trial separated by 7 days. The protocol was 90 min in duration, made up of ten 6 min exercise blocks, each followed by soccer-specific skills tests (agility, dribbling, heading and kicking accuracy). Dependant variables (Agility, dribbling, heading, kicking accuracy, glucose, lactate, HR and RPE) were analysed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Significant difference ( p &lt; 0.05) was found between CHO+CAF, CHO and PLA for each of the soccer-specific skill tests. Significant improvement ( p = 0.02) was observed in agility time in CHO versus PLA trials, although no significant difference ( p &gt; 0.05) was reported for dribbling, heading and kicking accuracy. Blood glucose and lactate were elevated ( p &lt; 0.05) with CHO+CAF supplementation over PLA, but there was no difference ( p &gt; 0.05) compared to CHO. Blood glucose increased ( p = 0.01) in the CHO trial compared to PLA, with no difference ( p &gt; 0.05) between CHO+CAF and CHO. No significant difference ( p &gt; 0.05) was reported for HR and RPE values across all trial conditions. Skill performance during simulated soccer activity improved with CHO+CAF supplementation in comparison to both CHO and PLA. CHO+CAF co-ingestion had no ergogenic benefit over CHO in the maintenance and availability of blood glucose however, CHO+CAF co-ingestion did allow players to sustain a higher work intensity as opposed to CHO and PLA beverages as shown by elevated blood lactate levels.
Health Status and Function With Zidovudine or Zalcitabine as Initial Therapy for AIDS
Authors: Samuel A. Bozzette
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the functional and health status implications of prescribing zalcitabine or zidovudine for initial therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). <h3>Design.</h3> —A substudy of a randomized controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Private and public clinics and referral centers. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, less than 0.20×10<sup>9</sup>/L (200 μL) CD4<sup>+</sup>cells, and either a history of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia or symptoms of HIV infection. Fifty-eight percent (338/668) of main study enrollees representing 90% of enrollees at participating sites were included in this substudy. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Either zalcitabine at 0.75 mg every 8 hours plus inactive capsules identical in appearance to zidovudine or zidovudine at 200 mg (later 100 mg) every 4 hours plus inactive tablets identical in appearance to zalcitabine. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Results of a periodically completed self-report survey instrument containing specific questions about symptom impact, disability, work, functioning, and utilization as well as nine health and functioning scales adapted from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). <h3>Results.</h3> —Zalcitabine recipients were twice as likely to undergo an invasive procedure (<i>P</i>=.004) or be admitted to hospital (<i>P</i>=.01). Zalcitabine recipients reported greater than 40% more symptoms that interfered with activity (<i>P</i>=.001) and greater than 50% more disability days (<i>P</i>&lt;.01). They also had a 7% lower employment rate and a 35% lower monthly income. Average observed health status scores were lower in zalcitabine recipients overall, but especially in the early portion of the study. New methods for combining survival and health status data showed that, over 76 weeks of study, a typical zidovudine recipient spent about 4(10%) more weeks with at least the typical health state than did a typical zalcitabine recipient. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Zidovudine has substantial advantages over zalcitabine in initial monotherapy of AIDS in terms of functional outcomes such as symptom impact, disability, work, utilization, and health status. In this case, the differences in functional outcomes presaged differences in physiological and clinical measures. The inclusion of functional outcomes can greatly improve the information available from a clinical trial. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:295-301)
Role of mobile phones in motor vehicle crashes resulting in hospital attendance: a case-crossover study
Authors: Suzanne P McEvoy, Mark R Stevenson, Anne T McCartt, Mark Woodward, Claire Haworth, Peter Palamara, Rina Cercarelli
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To explore the effect of drivers9 use of mobile (cell) phones on road safety. <b>Design</b> A case-crossover study. <b>Setting</b> Perth, Western Australia. <b>Participants</b> 456 drivers aged ≥ 17 years who owned or used mobile phones and had been involved in road crashes necessitating hospital attendance between April 2002 and July 2004. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Driver9s use of mobile phone at estimated time of crash and on trips at the same time of day in the week before the crash. Interviews with drivers in hospital and phone company9s records of phone use. <b>Results</b> Driver9s use of a mobile phone up to 10 minutes before a crash was associated with a fourfold increased likelihood of crashing (odds ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 7.7, P &lt; 0.001). Risk was raised irrespective of whether or not a hands-free device was used (hands-free: 3.8, 1.8 to 8.0, P &lt; 0.001; hand held: 4.9, 1.6 to 15.5, P = 0.003). Increased risk was similar in men and women and in drivers aged ≥ 30 and &lt; 30 years. A third (n = 21) of calls before crashes and on trips during the previous week were reportedly on hand held phones. <b>Conclusions</b> When drivers use a mobile phone there is an increased likelihood of a crash resulting in injury. Using a hands-free phone is not any safer.
Influence of treatment on leptin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: B.M. Sanner, P. Kollhosser, N. Buechner, W. Zidek, M. Tepel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder in obesity. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived signalling factor, plays an important role in metabolic control. There is growing evidence that leptin regulation is altered in OSAS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that effective treatment will influence leptin levels in OSAS patients. Serum leptin levels were determined in 86 consecutive patients (aged 57.5±11.0 yrs) with polysomnographically verified OSAS. In addition, leptin levels were reassessed and treatment efficacy was evaluated by polysomnography after 6 months of therapy. Patients were treated with continuous or bilevel positive airway pressure, a mandibular advancement device or conservatively, depending on the clinical symptoms. Mean serum leptin levels did not change with treatment in the whole study group (7.3±5.0 versus 7.5±4.8 ng·mL −1 ), however, leptin levels decreased in effectively treated patients (8.5±5.0 versus 7.4±5.1 ng·mL −1 ) while they increased in ineffectively treated patients (5.0±4.0 versus 7.7±4.1 ng·mL −1 ). Furthermore, not only was there a significant and independent correlation between the change in leptin levels with treatment and the change in body mass index, but also with the change in apnoea/hypopnoea index. Effective treatment of sleep-disordered breathing may have significant effects on leptin levels in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients. Changes in leptin levels are related to changes in apnoea/hypopnoea index in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients.
Which patients benefit most from adjuvant aromatase inhibitors? Results using a composite measure of prognostic risk in the BIG 1-98 randomized trial
Authors: G. Viale, M.M. Regan, P. Dell'Orto, M.G. Mastropasqua, E. Maiorano, B.B. Rasmussen, G. MacGrogan, J.F. Forbes, R.J. Paridaens, M. Colleoni, I. Láng, B. Thürlimann, H. Mouridsen, L. Mauriac, R.D. Gelber, K.N. Price, A. Goldhirsch, B.A. Gusterson, A.S. Coates
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
3D-nanostructured boron-doped diamond for microelectrode array neural interfacing
Authors: Gaëlle Piret, Clément Hébert, Jean-Paul Mazellier, Lionel Rousseau, Emmanuel Scorsone, Myline Cottance, Gaelle Lissorgues, Marc O. Heuschkel, Serge Picaud, Philippe Bergonzo, Blaise Yvert
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

The electrode material is a key element in the design of long-term neural implants and neuroprostheses. To date, the ideal electrode material offering high longevity, biocompatibility, low-noise recording and high stimulation capabilities remains to be found. We show that 3D-nanostructured boron doped diamond (BDD), an innovative material consisting in a chemically stable material with a high aspect ratio structure obtained by encapsulation of a carbon nanotube template within two BDD nanolayers, allows neural cell attachment, survival and neurite extension. Further, we developed arrays of 20-μm-diameter 3D-nanostructured BDD microelectrodes for neural interfacing. These microelectrodes exhibited low impedances and low intrinsic recording noise levels. In particular, they allowed the detection of low amplitude (10-20 μV) local-field potentials, single units and multiunit bursts neural activity in both acute whole embryonic hindbrain-spinal cord preparations and long-term hippocampal cell cultures. Also, cyclic voltammetry measurements showed a wide potential window of about 3 V and a charge storage capacity of 10 mC.cm(-2), showing high potentiality of this material for neural stimulation. These results demonstrate the attractiveness of 3D-nanostructured BDD as a novel material for neural interfacing, with potential applications for the design of biocompatible neural implants for the exploration and rehabilitation of the nervous system.
Retroelement Dynamics and a Novel Type of Chordate Retrovirus-like Element in the Miniature Genome of the Tunicate Oikopleura dioica
Authors: J.-N. Volff
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Retrotransposable elements have played an important role in shaping eukaryotic DNA, and their activity and turnover rate directly influence the size of genomes. With approximately 15,000 genes within 65–75 megabases, the marine tunicate Oikopleura dioica, a nonvertebrate chordate, has the smallest and most compact genome ever found in animals. Consistent with a massive elimination of retroelements, only one apparently novel clade of non–long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons was detected within 41 megabases of nonredundant genomic sequences. In contrast, at least six clades of non-LTR elements were identified in the less compact genome of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Unexpectedly, Ty3/gypsy-related Tor LTR retrotransposons presented an astonishing level of diversity in O. dioica. They were generally poorly or apparently not corrupted, indicating recent activity. Both Tor3 and Tor4b families bore an envelope-like open reading frame, suggesting possible horizontal acquisition through infection. The Tor4b envelope-like gene might have been obtained from a paramyxovirus (RNA virus). Tor3 and Tor4b are phylogenetically clearly distinct from vertebrate retroviruses (Retroviridae) and are more reminiscent of certain insect and plant sequences. Tor elements potentially represent a so far unknown, ancient type of infectious retroelement in chordates. Their distribution and transmission dynamics in tunicates and other chordates deserve further study.
TLR3 essentially promotes protective class I–restricted memory CD8+ T-cell responses to Aspergillus fumigatus in hematopoietic transplanted patients
Authors: Agostinho Carvalho, Antonella De Luca, Silvia Bozza, Cristina Cunha, Carmen D'Angelo, Silvia Moretti, Katia Perruccio, Rossana G. Iannitti, Francesca Fallarino, Antonio Pierini, Jean-Paul Latgé, Andrea Velardi, Franco Aversa, Luigina Romani
Journal: Blood (2011)
Molecular Classification of Prostate Cancer Progression: Foundation for Marker-Driven Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Christopher J. Logothetis, Gary E. Gallick, Sankar N. Maity, Jeri Kim, Ana Aparicio, Eleni Efstathiou, Sue-Hwa Lin
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Recently, many therapeutic agents for prostate cancer have been approved that target the androgen receptor and/or the prostate tumor microenvironment. Each of these therapies has modestly increased patient survival. A better understanding of when in the course of prostate cancer progression specific therapies should be applied, and of what biomarkers would indicate when resistance arises, would almost certainly improve survival due to these therapies. Thus, applying the armamentarium of therapeutic agents in the right sequences in the right combination at the right time is a major goal in prostate cancer treatment. For this to occur, an understanding of prostate cancer evolution during progression is required. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of prostate cancer progression, but challenge the prevailing view by proposing a new model of prostate cancer progression, with the goal of improving biologic classification and treatment strategies. We use this model to discuss how integrating clinical and basic understanding of prostate cancer will lead to better implementation of molecularly targeted therapeutics and improve patient survival.
FUCHSINOPHILE GRANULES IN THE TISSUES OF MICE INFECTED WITH THE CONNECTICUT-5 STRAIN OF COXSACKIE VIRUS
Authors: Alwin M. PAPPENHEIMER
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Minute cytoplasmic fuchsinophilic granules, characteristically surrounded by a halo, have been demonstrated in the lesions produced in suckling mice by the Connecticut-5 strain of Coxsackie virus. Their possible significance is discussed.
HLA antigens in Japanese patients with myasthenia gravis.
Authors: K Matsuki, T Juji, K Tokunaga, M Takamizawa, H Maeda, M Soda, Y Nomura, M Segawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

HLA antigens in 104 Japanese patients and 41 families with myasthenia gravis (MG) were investigated. The frequencies of DR9 and DRw13 were significantly increased in the patients who developed MG before 3 yr of age. The DQw3 antigen was positive for all the patients that developed MG before 15 yr with only one exception. All the examined cases that developed MG before 3 yr (including this DQw3 negative patient) had the same DQA and DQB DNA restriction fragments. These HLA frequencies decreased as the age of onset increased, and no significant association was observed in adult-onset MG. No patients had B8, DR3, and DQw2. The relative risk was higher for the DR9/DRw13 heterozygotes (37.4) than for DR9 (16.4) or DRw13 (7.1) in the childhood-onset MG. Statistical analysis suggested that DR9 and DRw13 (or DQw1 and DQw3) act synergistically in the disease development. Family study revealed diverse DR9 haplotypes. The most frequent DRw13 haplotype was Bw44-BFF-C4A3B1-DRw13-DQw1, which may be evolutionarily related to the caucasian B8-DR3-DQw2 haplotype. These results showed that MG in early childhood in Japanese individuals is genetically different from that in adulthood and that in caucasians.
Doxepin: Is a Single Daily Dose Enough?
Authors: HAROLD L. GOLDBERG, RICHARD J. FINNERTY, JONATHAN O. COLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors conducted a post hoc comparison of two very similar doxepin studies that included outpatients with mixed anxiety and depression. The first study used a three-times-a-day schedule, and the second used a bedtime schedule. All differences between the two treatments favored the bedtime regimen. Although the reports cannot take the place of a direct comparison between the two dosage schedules, they offer evidence for the usefulness and value of single-dose bedtime medication for anxious-depressed outpatients receiving doxepin treatment.
The Local Treatment of Cystitis in Women
Authors: J. B. Hicks
Journal: BMJ (1874)

finding it, I turned the sac inside out over a ball of cotton-wool soaked in glycerine, smeared its everted surface with the same substance, and, covering it piecemeal with a thin glass, I carefully examined it over its whole extent by reflected light.I never found anything I thought was an ovum.
Mutations, developmental instability, and the Red Queen
Authors: Steven W. Gangestad, Ronald A. Yeo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

We address two points. First, one must explain how different, rare mutations ultimately lead to common psychopathological conditions. The developmental instability model offers one solution. Second, Keller &amp; Miller (K&amp;M) perhaps miss the major processes other than variation fueled by rare deleterious mutations that account for interesting genetic variation in psychopathology, particularly when single alleles have non-negligible effects: Red Queen processes.