tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dual Tracer Functional Imaging of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Using 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT and 18F-FDG PET-CT
Authors: Niraj Naswa, Punit Sharma, Santosh Kumar Gupta, Sellam Karunanithi, Rama Mohan Reddy, Manish Patnecha, Sneh Lata, Rakesh Kumar, Arun Malhotra, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT with F-FDG PET/CT in the patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).Data of 51 patients with definite histological diagnosis of GEP-NET who underwent both Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT and F-FDG PET-CT within a span of 15 days were selected for this retrospective analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated for Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT and F-FDG PET-CT, and results were compared both on patientwise and regionwise analysis.Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT is superior to F-FDG PET-CT on patientwise analysis (P < 0.0001). On regionwise analysis, Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT is superior to F-FDG PET-CT only for lymph node metastases (P < 0.003). Although Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT detected more liver and skeletal lesions compared with F-FDG PET-CT, the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, the results of combined imaging helped in selecting candidates who would undergo the appropriate mode of treatment, whether octreotide therapy or conventional chemotherapyGa-DOTA-NOC PET-CT seems to be superior to F-FDG PET-CT for imaging GEP-NETs. However, their role seems to be complementary because combination of Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT and F-FDG PET-CT in such patients helps demonstrate the total disease burden and segregate them to proper therapeutic groups.
Physicians, Surgeons, and Wounded Hearts
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combined Accelerated Tissue-Plasminogen Activator and Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Integrin Receptor Blockade With Integrilin in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: E. Magnus Ohman, Neal S. Kleiman, Gerald Gacioch, Seth J. Worley, Frank I. Navetta, J. David Talley, H. Vernon Anderson, Stephen G. Ellis, Mark D. Cohen, Douglas Spriggs, Michael Miller, Dean Kereiakes, Steven Yakubov, Michael M. Kitt, Kristina N. Sigmon, Robert M. Califf, Mitchell W. Krucoff, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Platelet activation and aggregation may be key components of thrombolytic failure to restore and maintain perfusion in acute myocardial infarction. We performed a placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of Integrilin, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, with heparin, aspirin, and accelerated alteplase. Methods and Results We assigned 132 patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive a bolus and continuous infusion of one of six Integrilin doses or placebo. Another 48 patients were randomized in a 3:1, double-blind fashion to receive the highest Integrilin dose from the first phase or placebo. All patients received accelerated alteplase, aspirin, and intravenous heparin infusion; all but two groups also received an intravenous heparin bolus. The highest Integrilin dose group from the nonrandomized phase and the randomized patients were pooled for analysis and compared with placebo-treated patients. The primary end point was Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow at 90-minute angiography. Secondary end points were time to ST-segment recovery, an in-hospital composite (death, reinfarction, stroke, revascularization procedures, new heart failure, or pulmonary edema), and bleeding variables. The highest Integrilin dose groups had more complete reperfusion (TIMI grade 3 flow, 66% versus 39% for placebo-treated patients; P =.006) and a shorter median time to ST-segment recovery (65 versus 116 minutes for placebo; P =.05). The groups had similar rates of the composite end point (43% versus 42% for placebo-treated patients) and severe bleeding (4% versus 5%, respectively). Conclusions The incidence and speed of reperfusion can be enhanced when a potent inhibitor of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin receptor, such as Integrilin, is combined with accelerated alteplase, aspirin, and intravenous heparin.
The Psychodynamics of Quitting Smoking in a Group
Authors: JOHN S. TAMERIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The psychodynamics of quitting smoking were identified from observations of small groups established to study the cessation process. Three major issues emerged: 1) the expectation of failure, 2) the feared loss of control, and 3) the affective significance of the loss. Belief in success was a necessary precursor to actual success. A feared loss of control was common but seldom materialized to the degree anticipated. The dynamics of grief with associated tearfulness were central to the process of quitting.
Repression of Fanconi anemia gene (FACC) expression inhibits growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Authors: G M Segal, R E Magenis, M Brown, W Keeble, T D Smith, M C Heinrich, G C Bagby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Bone marrow failure is a consistent feature of Fanconi anemia (FA) but it is not known whether the bone marrow failure is a direct and specific result of the inherited mutation or a consequence of accumulated stem cell losses resulting from nonspecific DNA damage. We tested the hypothesis that the protein encoded by the FA group C complementing gene (FACC) plays a regulatory role in hematopoiesis. We exposed normal human lymphocytes, bone marrow cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts to an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) complementary to bases -4 to +14 of FACC mRNA. The mitomycin C assay demonstrated that the antisense ODN, but not missense or sense ODNs, repressed FACC gene expression in lymphocytes. Treatment with the antisense ODN substantially reduced, in a sequence-specific fashion, cytoplasmic levels of FACC mRNA in bone marrow cells and lymphocytes. Escalating doses of antisense ODN increasingly inhibited clonal growth of erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells but did not inhibit growth of fibroblasts or endothelial cells. The antisense ODN did not inhibit growth factor gene expression by low density bone marrow cells or marrow-derived fibroblasts. We conclude that, while the FACC gene product plays a role in defining cellular tolerance to cross-linking agents, it also functions to regulate growth, differentiation, and/or survival of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells.
CLINICAL SCENARIO OF ACUTE HEART FAILURE SYNDROME BEFORE CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY PREDICTS LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS
Authors: Mika Maeda, Hideaki Kanzaki, Makoto Amaki, Takuya Hasegawa, Akira Funada, Hiroyuki Takahama, Toshihisa Anzai, Masafumi Kitakaze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Plasma zinc in psoriasis: relation to surface area involvement
Authors: E.M. McMILLAN, D. ROWE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Plasma zinc, serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase (a zinc-dependent enzyme) were measured in thirty-five psoriatics and their age- and sex-matched controls. No significant difference was seen between these two groups as a whole, but psoriatics with less than 10% surface involvement had significantly higher mean plasma zinc levels than their respective control group. Psoriatic patients also showed a relationship between the extent of surface involvement and the plasma zinc level, those with more extensive involvement having lower levels than those with minimal involvement. The differences were not due to disturbances in serum albumin, and no abnormalities in serum alkaline phosphatase were observed.
World needs 3.5 million more health workers to deliver essential services, charity says
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In the week in which this year’s session of the United Nations General Assembly begins, the charity Save the Children has called for a major push to secure funding to fill the global shortfall of 3.5 million health workers.

Sangeeta, a community health worker in India, shares her experiences in this Save The Children video. 

In a new report the children’s charity says that efforts to improve health worldwide in recent years have overlooked the need to boost the health workforce.

“The focus has been on inputs into the health system—drugs, vaccines, bed nets—all of which are critical,” says Save the Children’s chief executive, Jasmine Whitbread, in the report. “But without a parallel focus on recruiting, training, and retaining health workers needed these interventions will not deliver.”

The charity says that at present there is a global shortfall in funding of health …
Control by Drugs of Renal Potassium Handling
Authors: H Velazquez, F S Wright
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1986)

This review has focused on the influence of several diuretic drugs on potassium handling by the kidney. One class of drugs (loop diuretics) acts by directly inhibiting a potassium absorptive mechanism in the luminal membrane of cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Two other groups of diuretics affect potassium transport indirectly by inhibiting salt and water absorption upstream from the potassium secretory site in the late distal tubule: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act in the proximal tubule; thiazides act in the early distal tubule. The subsequent increase in lumen flow rate then stimulates net potassium secretion by the distal tubule. A fourth class of drugs (spironolactone) acts by antagonizing the response of the distal tubule to aldosterone. These drugs decrease the ability of aldosterone to stimulate distal potassium secretion. Finally, a fifth group of drugs (potassium-sparing diuretics) decreases potassium secretion by increasing the luminal membrane voltage and thus decreasing the electrochemical gradient for potassium exit from the cell.
Hepatitis B: Reflections on the current approach to antiviral therapy
Authors: Fabien Zoulim, Robert Perrillo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

This article summarizes the current state of antiviral therapy of hepatitis B with special attention given to areas that remain controversial or poorly defined. Strict adherence to liver association practice guidelines may result in missed opportunities to treat patients with significant underlying liver disease. In particular, recommended ALT thresholds may not appropriately reflect disease activity or degree of fibrosis. There is growing evidence that an alternative treatment paradigm for preventing late-stage disease complications may be indicated in highly viremic patients with early life exposure to hepatitis B. Pegylated interferon therapy is often a better choice for young to middle-aged patients with genotype A and B because of the higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion and a greater chance for HBsAg seroconversion in both HBeAg-positive and -negative patients as compared to nucleoside analogs. Nucleoside analog monotherapy is the current standard of care for many patients. However, long-term monotherapy results in resistance to a variable degree and sequential monotherapy may result in multi-drug resistant virus. Which patients would specifically benefit from early combination therapy also remains poorly defined. The rapidity and robustness of the suppression of HBV DNA while on a nucleoside analog should be monitored relatively early during treatment because it affects treatment outcome and the rate of resistance. While great progress has been made in treating hepatitis B, many important issues require further study.
Observations on urinary white cell excretion before and after surgery.
Authors: R. M. Lindsay, B. Lunan, J. McGeachie, A. L. Linton
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Quantitative determination of the cells excreted in the urine has until recently been regarded as a cumbersome and time consuming procedure {Lancet, 1961). Houghton and Pears (1957) attempted to simplify the technique, and McGeachie and Kennedy (1963) described a method of semi-quantitative cell counting which was suitable for routine use yet was much more accurate than the ordinary wet-film technique. In the course of a recent study of renal function after surgery (Lindsay et al., 1965) it was observed that there was a considerable difference between urinary white cell excretion rates before and after surgery in many patients, so further investigation of this was undertaken.
Implementing screening for colorectal cancer
Authors: W. Atkin
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Clinical review p 1249 

We now have proof that screening can reduce mortality from colorectal cancer Three randomised trials have shown that screening by faecal occult blood testing every two years has the potential to reduce mortality by up to 20%.1–3 With expected compliance rates of around 60%, screening of 50-69 year olds would prevent around 1200 deaths from colorectal cancer each year in the United Kingdom. These estimated benefits are similar to those of three yearly mammography screening in preventing breast cancer mortality, with similar costs of around £40m a year. Thus the UK Screening Committee is about to start two pilot studies examining the feasibility of implementing national faecal occult blood screening. As well as issues concerning the faecal occult blood test itself, there is also no consensus about the best method of investigating those who test positive.

Each pilot site comprises 1 million population, with 20% in the target age range 50-69 years. The pilots will examine a single round of two yearly screening. Thus, faecal occult blood tests will be sent to 100 000 people in year 1 and to the remaining 100 000 in year 2. The test requires participants to take a more active role than with other screening tests. They must sample three consecutive stools and repeat the examination, with dietary restriction, if the result is equivocal (expected in 2% of cases). With a compliance rate of 60% and positivity rate of 2%, 1200 people in …
Copper Metabolism in the Steely-Hair Syndrome
Authors: Ira T. Lott, Ronald DiPaolo, Daniel Schwartz, Stanislawa Janowska, Julian N. Kanfer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

STEELY-hair syndrome, described by Menkes et al. in 1962,1 is characterized by pili torti, developmental regression, seizures, temperature instability, arterial intimal abnormalities, and scorbutic bone changes.2 Danks et al. have suggested that these manifestations are due to systemic copper deficiency and have demonstrated severely diminished copper concentrations in blood, brain, and liver of patients with the syndrome.3 The copper deficiency appears to result from an impaired intestinal absorption of copper which is probably related to a defective transport of the ion across the serosal cell membrane. In an attempt to clarify the nature of the absorption defect, we performed copper . . .
Review of children referred from the school vision screening programme in Kettering during 1976-8.
Authors: R. M. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The progress of 108 children who were identified by the vision screening programme in school as having defective vision (excluding those with puberty onset myopia) was reviewed. Treatment of these children resulted in improvement in visual acuity of the worst eye (two lines or better) for 16 children. Eighteen children had severe amblyopia (6/24 or worse). Among these the vision of only five was improved by treatment. Two thirds of the children had refractive errors in the better eye which required correction. It seems sensible to identify and treat children with bilateral refractive errors, but the need to treat children with lesser degrees of amblyopia is questioned.
HOX deregulation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kim L. Rice, Jonathan D. Licht
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The deregulation of homeobox (HOX) genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the potential for these master regulators to perturb normal hematopoiesis is well established. To date, overexpression of HOX genes in AML has been attributed to specific chromosomal aberrations and abnormalities involving mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL), an upstream regulator of HOX genes. The finding reported in this issue of the JCI by Scholl et al. that caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2), which is capable of affecting HOX gene expression during embryogenesis, is overexpressed in 90% of patients with AML and induces a transplantable AML in murine models provides an alternative mechanism for HOX-induced leukemogenesis and yields important insights into the hierarchy of HOX gene regulation in AML (see the related article beginning on page 1037).
Experimental Study of an Erythropoietic Principle Produced in the Kidney
Authors: S. Osnes
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Hproliferating.It is convenient to refer to such clones and the immunological patterns they carry as " forbidden " clones or " forbidden " patterns, and to regard the mechanism by which they are eliminated as part of the general homoeostatic control of body structure and function.A wide variety of medical conditions in the body represent the partial failure of homoeostatic mechanisms -auto-immune disease can be interpreted best as another example of partial and often temporary failure of one such mechanism.Instead of being eliminated certain forbidden clones of cells find opportunity to proliferate and, in reacting with the antigen involved, inflict damage on the body.
Preventing and managing violence against women in India
Authors: A. Jain
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Requires a systems approach to reforming the culture of the health system 

In 2011, 24 206 cases of rape were reported in India, and an Indian nationwide survey showed that more than a third of all women aged 15-49 years had experienced physical or sexual violence at some point.1 Most women (85%) who experienced sexual violence told nobody, and only 8% ever sought help. Sources of help typically included family and friends. Institutional sources such as the police, medical professionals, and social organisations seemed to be the last resort, approached by less than 5% of women facing violence.2 The real picture may be even worse because of under-reporting and a social structure that normalises violence in women’s lives. These statistics beg questions about the systems in place to prevent violence against Indian women and to offer appropriate support. The recent violent gang rape of a paramedical student in a moving bus in New Delhi and her subsequent death have resulted in widespread outrage throughout India.3 However, it is crucial that this should propel change beyond punitive measures against the perpetrators in this particular case and in the direction of ensuring that systems are in place to offer appropriate and accessible care and support to women who face violence.

In 1996, the World Health Assembly recognised prevention of violence as …
Moderate sedation for elective upper endoscopy with balanced propofol versus fentanyl and midazolam alone: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: B. Levitzky, R. Lopez, J. Dumot, J. Vargo
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Balanced propofol sedation (BPS) combines propofol with opiates and benzodiazepines and targets at moderate sedation. Data comparing outcomes of BPS and standard sedation with opiates and benzodiazepines during elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) are sparse. The primary end point of this study was to compare, in the recovery area, patient satisfaction with EGD following BPS versus standard sedation. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Prospective, single-blinded randomized trial in 110 outpatients undergoing elective EGD and randomized 1:1 to BPS or standard sedation. Upon full recovery, the primary outcome of patient satisfaction was assessed using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) (1 = not at all satisfied, 100 = completely satisfied). Sedation recovery times and recall of pain and gagging (1 = none, 100 = severe) were also evaluated using a VAS. <b>Results:</b> The BPS and standard sedation groups were similar regarding American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), Mallampati class, age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Compared with the standard sedation arm, the BPS group exhibited higher median procedural satisfaction (99 vs. 85, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and lower median scores for recall of pain (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and gagging (<i>P</i> < 0.001). BPS resulted in a shorter median recovery time (min) (11 vs. 23, <i>P</i> < 0.001). On multivariable regression analysis, predictors of patient satisfaction included use of propofol, increased age, and higher fentanyl dosage. <b>Conclusions:</b> BPS targeted to moderate sedation by adequately trained endoscopists results in superior patient satisfaction and shorter recovery times than standard sedation alone during EGD.
1089 Activation of the MEK5/ERK5 cascade in biliary epithelium of polycystic kidney rat, an animal model of Caroli's disease
Authors: Y SATO, K HARADA, Y NAKANUMA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Steady laminar blood flow protects vessels from atherosclerosis. We showed that flow decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-mediated VCAM1 expression in endothelial cells (EC) by inhibiting JNK. Here, we determined the relative roles of MEK1, MEK5 and their downstream kinases ERK1/2 and BMK1 (ERK5) in flow-mediated inhibition of JNK activation. Steady laminar flow (shear stress = 12 dyn/cm2) increased BMK1 and ERK1/2 activity in EC. Pre-exposing EC for 10 min to flow inhibited TNF activation of JNK by 58%. A key role for BMK1, but not ERK1/2 was shown. (1) Incubation of EC with PD184352, at concentrations that blocked ERK1/2, but not BMK1, had no effect on flow inhibition of TNF-mediated JNK activation. (2) BIX02188, a MEK5-selective inhibitor, completely reversed the inhibitory effects of flow. These findings indicate that flow inhibits TNF-mediated signaling events in EC by a mechanism dependent on activation of MEK5–BMK1, but not MEK1–ERK1/2. These results support a key role for the MEK5–BMK1 signaling pathway in the atheroprotective effects of blood flow.