tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial Comparing Intravenous Nitroglycerin and Heparin for Treatment of Unstable Angina Secondary to Restenosis After Coronary Artery Angioplasty
Authors: Serge Doucet, Mehrdad Malekianpour, Pierre Théroux, Luc Bilodeau, Gilles Côté, None Pierre de Guise, Jocelyn Dupuis, Michel Joyal, Gilbert Gosselin, Jean-François Tanguay, Martin Juneau, François Harel, Stanley Nattel, Jean-Claude Tardif, Jacques Lespérance
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The treatment of unstable angina targets the specific pathophysiological thrombotic process at the site of the active culprit lesion. In unstable angina due to a restenotic lesion, smooth muscle cell proliferation and increased vasoreactivity may play a more important role than thrombus formation. Therefore, the relative benefits of nitroglycerin and heparin might differ in unstable angina associated with restenosis compared with classic unstable angina. Methods and Results —We randomized 200 patients hospitalized for unstable angina within 6 months after angioplasty (excluding those with intracoronary stents) to double-blind administration of intravenous nitroglycerin, heparin, their combination, or placebo for 63±30 hours. Recurrent angina occurred in 75% of patients in the placebo and heparin-alone groups, compared with 42.6% of patients in the nitroglycerin-alone group and 41.7% of patients in the nitroglycerin-plus-heparin group ( P &lt;0.003). Refractory angina requiring angiography occurred in 22.9%, 29.2%, 4.3%, and 4.2% of patients, respectively ( P &lt;0.002). The odds ratios for being event free were 0.24 (95% CI, −0.13 to 0.45, P =0.0001) for nitroglycerin versus no nitroglycerin and 0.98 (95% CI, −0.55 to 1.73, P =NS) for heparin versus no heparin. No patient died or suffered myocardial infarction. Conclusions —Intravenous nitroglycerin is highly effective in preventing adverse ischemic events (recurrent or refractory angina) in patients with unstable angina secondary to restenosis, whereas heparin has no effect.
Critical illness in systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: F M K Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

To investigate the causes, course, and outcome of critical illness requiring emergency admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), or both.Critically ill patients with SLE or APS, or both, admitted to a London teaching hospital ICU over a 15 year period were studied. Demographic, diagnostic, physiological, laboratory, and survival data were analysed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed by age, time from first diagnosis of SLE, and time from first ICU admission. The log rank test and a backwards stepwise Cox regression were used to identify factors associated with reduced survival.Sixty one patients with SLE alone (39%) and/or APS (61%) required 76 emergency admissions to the ICU. Patients had high severity of illness scores (median APACHE II 22 (range 8-45)) and multiorgan dysfunction. The primary diagnoses for patients admitted were infection in 31/76 (41%), renal disease in 16/76 (21%), cardiovascular disease in 12/76 (16%), and coagulopathies in 11/76 (14%). The commonest secondary diagnosis was renal dysfunction (49%). Factors associated with an increased risk of death were cyclophosphamide before admission, low white cell count, and high severity of illness score. Before adjustment for these factors renal disease had a strong adverse effect on long term survival (analysis by age at diagnosis p=0.005, analysis by time since first ICU admission, p=0.07). After adjustment, infection at admission to ICU was associated with an increased ICU mortality (p=0.02) and was the cause of death in 13/17 patients who died in the ICU. Similarly, after adjustment, APS was associated with reduced ICU survival (p=0.1) and reduced long term (p=0.03) survival. Seventeen patients (28%) died in the ICU, and 31 patients (51%) had died by the last follow up. Median time from ICU admission to death was four years. Overall five year survival from the first ICU admission was 43%.Critical illness requiring ICU admission may occur in patients with SLE and APS. In this study, ICU survival was better than previously described, but long term survival was poor. Cyclophosphamide administration, low white cell count, and high severity of illness score were associated with reduced survival. Before adjustment for these factors, only renal disease had an adverse effect on outcome but after adjustment, infection and APS reduced survival.
Peanut allergens are rapidly transferred in human breast milk and can prevent sensitization in mice
Authors: H. Bernard, S. Ah‐Leung, M.‐F. Drumare, C. Feraudet‐Tarisse, V. Verhasselt, J.‐M. Wal, C. Créminon, K. Adel‐Patient
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background Food allergens have been evidenced in breast milk under physiological conditions, but the kinetic and the role of this passage in food allergies are still unclear. We then aimed to analyze the passage of peanut allergens in human breast milk and their allergenicity/immunomodulatory properties. Methods Human breast milk was collected from two non‐atopic peanut‐tolerant mothers before and at different time points after ingestion of 30 g of commercial roasted peanut. Ara h 6, Ara h 6 immune complexes, and the IgE binding capacity of breast milk samples were measured using specific immunoassays. Their allergenic functionality was then assessed using cell‐based assay. Finally, human breast milk obtained before or after peanut ingestion was administered intragastrically to BALB /c mice at different ages, and mice were further experimentally sensitized to peanut using cholera toxin. Results Ara h 6 is detected as soon as 10 min after peanut ingestion, with peak values observed within the first hour after ingestion. The transfer is long‐lasting, small quantities of peanut allergens being detected over a 24‐h period. IgG–Ara h 6 and IgA–Ara h 6 immune complexes are evidenced, following a different kinetic of excretion than free allergens. Peanut allergens transferred in milk are IgE reactive and can induce an allergic reaction in vitro . However, administration of human breast milk to young mice, notably before weaning, does not lead to sensitization, but instead to partial oral tolerance. Conclusion The low quantities of immunologically active allergens transferred through breast milk may prevent instead of priming allergic sensitization to peanut.
Lymphoid function in F1 leads to parent chimeras: lack of evidence for adaptive differentiation of B cells or antigen-presenting cells.
Authors: J Sprent, J Bruce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Information was sought on whether B cells undergo abnormal differentiation in F1 leads to parent chimeras (irradiated parental-strain mice reconstituted with F1-hybrid bone marrow cells). As assessed by collaborative responses to sheep erythrocytes in vivo, three different types of T cells restricted to interaction with strain a H-2 determinants were shown to collaborate as effectively with heterologous F1 leads to b chimera B cells as with homologous F1 leads to a chimera B cells. This applied to both primed and unprimed B cells, to IgM- and IgG-antibody formation and to production of Ig allotype. Thus, unlike T cells, B cells from F1 leads to parent chimeras behaved indistinguishably from normal F1 B cells. F1 leads to parent chimeras were also examined for their capacity to present antigen to normal F1 T cells in vivo. The results suggested that the antigen-presenting cells in these chimeras were no different than in normal F1 mice. Collectively these data imply that, at least in the situation studied, raising F1 stem cells in a parental-strain environment has a marked effect on T-cell specificity but does not discernably influence the differentiation of B cells or macrophage-like cells.
Primary Burkitt's Lymphoma of Frontal Bone: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Siddanna Palled, Girish Bedre, Mary Ann Muckaden, Mukta Ramadwar, Roshni Bhagwat, Shripad Banavali, Siddhartha Laskar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

A 13-year-old boy presented with a forehead swelling of 2 months’ duration, protrusion of the right eye for 1 month, and bilateral neck swelling for 15 days. On thorough medical evaluation, he was observed to be in good general condition with a Karnofsky performance score of 90. Local examination revealed a 9 9 cm bony swelling involving the forehead; the swelling was not tender and was associated with proptosis of the right eye (Fig 1A). He also had bilateral rubbery, mobile, nontender neck nodes. The rest of the systemic examination was unremarkable. Computed tomography scan of the skull revealed an enhancing soft tissue swelling arising from the right squamotemporal bone, with intracranial and extradural extension associated with erosion and spiculation of the bone (Fig 1B). Incisional biopsy of the forehead swelling showed the typical “Starry Sky” appearance suggestive of high-grade B-cell Burkitt’s type non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL; Fig 2). Immunohistochemistry revealed CD10, CD20 positivity and MiB-1 was expressed by all cells (Fig 3). The diagnosis of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) was confirmed. Standard staging investigations for lymphoma were unremarkable. Final stage of the disease was St Jude’s stage II. He was treated with the standard protocol of multiagent chemotherapy, resulting in complete radiologic regression of the frontal mass at the end of induction chemotherapy. Lymphomas are the third most common malignancy in children and constitute approximately 10% of childhood malignancies. NHL accounts for almost two thirds of childhood lymphomas. BL accounts for 40% to 50% of all NHL. Dennis Burkitt first described the BL in 1958. BL presents in two forms, the most common being the African endemic type, and the less common being the sporadic type. Incidence of the endemic type of BL is 100 instances per million children. The endemic type is almost always associated with Epstein Bar virus and involves the jaw and other facial bones. The incidence of the sporadic type of BL is 1 to 2 instances per million children. The most frequently
Gemcitabine-induced atrial fibrillation: A hitherto unreported manifestation of drug toxicity
Authors: D. Santini, G. Tonini, A. Abbate, S. Di Cosimo, G. Gravante, B. Vincenzi, C. Campisi, G. Patti, G. Di Sciascio
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Combined impact of lifestyle factors on mortality: prospective cohort study in US women
Authors: R. M v. Dam, T. Li, D. Spiegelman, O. H Franco, F. B Hu
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To evaluate the impact of combinations of lifestyle factors on mortality in middle aged women.Prospective cohort study.Nurses' health study, United States.77 782 women aged 34 to 59 years and free from cardiovascular disease and cancer in 1980.Relative risk of mortality during 24 years of follow-up in relation to five lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, being overweight, taking little moderate to vigorous physical activity, no light to moderate alcohol intake, and low diet quality score).8882 deaths were documented, including 1790 from cardiovascular disease and 4527 from cancer. Each lifestyle factor independently and significantly predicted mortality. Relative risks for five compared with zero lifestyle risk factors were 3.26 (95% confidence interval 2.45 to 4.34) for cancer mortality, 8.17 (4.96 to 13.47) for cardiovascular mortality, and 4.31 (3.51 to 5.31) for all cause mortality. A total of 28% (25% to 31%) of deaths during follow-up could be attributed to smoking and 55% (47% to 62%) to the combination of smoking, being overweight, lack of physical activity, and a low diet quality. Additionally considering alcohol intake did not substantially change this estimate.These results indicate that adherence to lifestyle guidelines is associated with markedly lower mortality in middle aged women. Both efforts to eradicate cigarette smoking and those to stimulate regular physical activity and a healthy diet should be intensified.
Prognostic factors and long-term effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver biochemical parameters in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Hubert J.F van Hoogstraten, Bettina E Hansen, Henk R van Buuren, Fiebo J.W ten Kate, Gerard P van Berge-Henegouwen, Solko W Schalm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Phase II Multicenter Study of Arsenic Trioxide in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Gary J. Schiller, James Slack, John D. Hainsworth, James Mason, Mansoor Saleh, David Rizzieri, Dan Douer, Alan F. List
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of arsenic trioxide monotherapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Patients received arsenic trioxide (0.25 mg/kg/d) on 5 consecutive days per week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks' rest (one cycle). Two patient cohorts were established according to International Prognostic Scoring System risk category: lower-risk (low or intermediate-1) or higher-risk MDS (intermediate-2 or high). For lower-risk MDS, hematologic improvement (HI) was the primary response end point. For higher-risk MDS, additional end points included complete or partial remission. Based on the expected time to response, patients receiving two or more cycles were prospectively evaluated.Hematologic adverse events included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and febrile neutropenia. Two patients died during the study due to treatment-related toxicities. Most common grade 3/4 nonhematologic events were pneumonia, fatigue, hemorrhage, pain, and dyspnea. Among patients who received one or more doses (n = 70) or completed two or more cycles (n = 51), the HI rates were 34% and 39% in lower-risk patients, and 6% and 9% in higher-risk patients, respectively; the overall major HI rates were 20% and 22%. One higher-risk patient achieved a complete remission (3%). Major HIs were observed in all hematologic lineages; erythroid responses were the most common. Transfusion independence or reduction by > or = 50% occurred in 33% of patients dependent on RBC transfusions. The overall median duration of HI was 6.8 months (range, 2 to 40 months).Arsenic trioxide monotherapy has moderate activity against MDS, with a manageable adverse effect profile. The further study of arsenic trioxide in MDS, particularly in combination with other agents, is warranted.
The 5-Year Clinical Course of High-Functioning Men With DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse or Dependence
Authors: Marc A. Schuckit, Tom L. Smith, Nancy A. Landi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: One goal of diagnostic criteria is to predict the course of clinically relevant future problems. This study evaluated the ability of the DSM-IV categories of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence to predict the onset and cessation of the 11 DSM-IV abuse/dependence criterion items. METHOD: The DSM-IV categorical approach was used to determine alcohol diagnoses for 435 highly educated young adult men, who constituted 97.3% of the 447 men appropriate for this study. Structured face-to-face follow-up interviews were administered 5 years later. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, 14.5% (N=63) of the subjects were alcohol dependent, 18.2% (N=79) reported alcohol abuse, and 67.4% (N=293) carried no alcohol diagnosis. Across these three diagnostic groups, 68.3%, 46.8%, and 15.4%, respectively, experienced at least one of the 11 DSM-IV abuse/dependence criterion items over the next 5 years. Only 11.4% of those who reported alcohol abuse went on to develop alcohol dependence. In addition to their diagnosis, characteristics that predicted subsequent problems with alcohol included a family history of alcoholism, higher levels of alcohol intake and a greater number of alcohol problems in the 10 years preceding the diagnosis, and a history of drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Even in this highly educated and high-functioning group of men, alcohol abuse and dependence predicted the onset and cessation of alcohol-related problems.
Cancer Mortality Among Diabetics&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Irving I. Kessler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Cancer mortality was ascertained among 21,447 diabetic patients who registered at a large diabetes clinic in Boston during a 26-year period ending in 1956. Observations were made through 1959. Analysis was by the calculation of standardized mortality ratios in which observed numbers of deaths were compared with numbers expected if the age- and sex-specific rates in the general Massachusetts population observed over the same period of time applied. Total cancer mortality among the female diabetics occurred at approximately the expected frequency. By contrast, the male diabetics experienced a significantly reduced risk of cancer death that persisted even after the exclusion of deaths from lung cancer. This decreased cancer risk was believed attributable to two factors: a) an especially excessive risk of deaths from other causes, excluding cancer and b) an over-representation of Jews among the patients. The positive association between cancer and diabetes, reported in many clinical studies, is believed to be explained by the well-documented metabolic differences between normal and malignant tissues and by the failure of these studies to identify the antecedent disease. That diabetics have a significantly increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer was confirmed by this study. It is suggested that the carcinogenic potentialities of exogenous animal insulins be investigated, particularly in view of their known antigenic and teratogenic properties in laboratory animals. This study offers evidence that diabetic females do not have increased risk of death from cancer of the uterine corpus. Earlier clinical reports of a high prevalence of diabetes among endometrial cancer patients almost invariably were based on retrospective observations which made it difficult to identify with certainty the antecedent disease. Mortality from lung cancer was reduced significantly among the male diabetics, but not among the females. An over-representation among the Jewish male patients (with their known diminished lung cancer risk) is believed responsible, at least in part. However, reduced lung cancer risk among diabetics independent of religion cannot be excluded. The possibility of differences in the cigarette smoking habits of diabetics and nondiabetics could not be examined.
Call for shake up in NHS funding: Nye Bevan's view on national and private insurance
Authors: L S Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—In response to Hart (previous letter), perhaps the 900 doctors are more interested in meeting the needs of the insured few, and not everyone? In his most readable paper the far-sighted Nye Bevan rejected national insurance and private insurance thus:

When I was engaged in formulating the main principles of the British Health Service, I had to give careful study to various proposals for financing it, and as this aspect of the scheme is a matter of anxious discussion in …
Significance of non-calcified pulmonary nodules in patients with extrapulmonary cancers
Authors: S Khokhar
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The investigation of microbial communities through nucleotide sequencing has become an essential asset in environmental science, not only for research oriented activities but also for on-site monitoring; one technology, in particular, holds great promises for its application directly in the field: the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION sequencer is a portable and affordable device, that produces long reads, with a remarkable sequencing output (in terms of bases/hour). One of the most common approaches in microbiological investigations through sequencing is the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, known as 16S metabarcoding. Only recently the application of MinION has extended to 16S metabarcoding; to date, a limitation is still represented by the available computational protocols: due to the intrinsic, unique features of the technology ONT long reads cannot be adequately analyzed with tools developed for previous technologies (e.g. for Illumina). In this work a computational pipeline, specifically tailored to the usage of ONT reads in 16S metabarcoding, is developed, tested and discussed. This study is particularly addressed to on site evaluations, for environmental investigations or monitoring, where running time, costs and overall efficient usage of resources are particularly important.
Ca2+- and mitochondrial-dependent cardiomyocyte necrosis as a primary mediator of heart failure
Authors: Hiroyuki Nakayama, Xiongwen Chen, Christopher P. Baines, Raisa Klevitsky, Xiaoying Zhang, Hongyu Zhang, Naser Jaleel, Balvin H.L. Chua, Timothy E. Hewett, Jeffrey Robbins, Steven R. Houser, Jeffery D. Molkentin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Loss of cardiac myocytes in heart failure is thought to occur largely through an apoptotic process. Here we show that heart failure can also be precipitated through myocyte necrosis associated with Ca2+ overload. Inducible transgenic mice with enhanced sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) activity showed progressive myocyte necrosis that led to pump dysfunction and premature death, effects that were dramatically enhanced by acute stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors. Enhanced Ca2+ influx–induced cellular necrosis and cardiomyopathy was prevented with either LTCC blockers or β-adrenergic receptor antagonists, demonstrating a proximal relationship among β-adrenergic receptor function, Ca2+ handling, and heart failure progression through necrotic cell loss. Mechanistically, loss of cyclophilin D, a regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that underpins necrosis, blocked Ca2+ influx–induced necrosis of myocytes, heart failure, and isoproterenol-induced premature death. In contrast, overexpression of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 was ineffective in mitigating heart failure and death associated with excess Ca2+ influx and acute β-adrenergic receptor stimulation. This paradigm of mitochondrial- and necrosis-dependent heart failure was also observed in other mouse models of disease, which supports the concept that heart failure is a pleiotropic disorder that involves not only apoptosis, but also necrotic loss of myocytes in association with dysregulated Ca2+ handling and β-adrenergic receptor signaling.