tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk for Developing Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Prostate Cancer Patients Definitively Treated With Radiation
Authors: Sudipto Mukherjee, Chandana A. Reddy, Jay P. Ciezki, May Abdel-Wahab, Ramon V. Tiu, Edward Copelan, Anjali A. Advani, Yogen Saunthararajah, Katarina Paulic, Sean Hobson, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Brian J. Bolwell, Matt Kalaycio, Robert Dreicer, Eric A. Klein, Mikkael A. Sekeres
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Exposure to ionizing radiation has been linked to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); it is not clear whether therapeutic radiation doses used for prostate cancer pose an increased MDS risk.We performed a retrospective cohort study of prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2011 at Cleveland Clinic, comparing those who underwent definitive treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP) to radiotherapy either external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or prostate interstitial brachytherapy (PI) and to population-based registries. Competing risk regression analyses were used to determine the cumulative risk of developing MDS. All statistical tests were two-sided.Of 10924 patients, 5119 (47%) received radiation (n = 2183 [43%] in EBRT group and n = 2936 [57%] in PI group) and 5805 (53%) were treated with RP. Overall, 31 cases of MDS were observed, with age-adjusted incidence rates no higher than in population-based registries. In univariate analyses, advancing age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.20; P < .001) and radiotherapy exposure (HR = 3.44; 95% CI = 1.41 to 8.37; P = .007) were statistically significantly associated with development of MDS. In multivariable analyses, although advanced age (HR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.19; P < .001) remained statistically associated with MDS, radiation did not, although a small non-statistically significant trend existed for PI-treated patients. MDS rates were no higher than in population-based registries.With relatively short follow-up, prostate cancer patients definitively treated with radiation did not appear to have a statistically increased risk of subsequent MDS.
In Cardiomyocyte Hypoxia, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Induced Antiapoptotic Signaling Requires Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-Kinase-Dependent and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Activation of the Transcription Factor cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein
Authors: Felix B. Mehrhof, Frank- Ulrich Müller, Martin W. Bergmann, Peifeng Li, Yibin Wang, Wilhelm Schmitz, Rainer Dietz, Rüdiger von Harsdorf
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background A variety of pathologic stimuli lead to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Survival factors like insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) exert anti-apoptotic effects in the heart. Yet the underlying signaling pathways are poorly understood. Methods and Results In a model of hypoxia-induced apoptosis of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes, IGF-I prevented cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Antiapoptotic signals induced by IGF-I are mediated by more than one signaling pathway, because pharmacological inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3K) or the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1) signaling pathway both antagonize the protective effect of IGF-I in an additive manner. IGF-I-stimulation was followed by a PI3K-dependent phosphorylation of AKT and BAD and an MEK1-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and ERK2. IGF-I also induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in a PI3K- and MEK1-dependent manner. Ectopic overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of CREB abolished the antiapoptotic effect of IGF-I. Protein levels of the antiapoptotic factor bcl-2 increased after longer periods of IGF-I-stimulation, which could be reversed by pharmacological inhibition of PI3K as well as MEK1 and also by overexpression of dominant-negative CREB. Conclusions In summary, our data demonstrate that in cardiomyocytes, the antiapoptotic effect of IGF-I requires both PI3K- and MEK1-dependent pathways leading to the activation of the transcription factor CREB, which then induces the expression of the antiapoptotic factor bcl-2.
Severe Chronic Rheumatism Mistaken for Disease of the Spinal Cord
Authors: J. L. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1872)

THE interest and anxiety attending the occurrence of inversion of the uterus after labour makes the record of cases always clinically useful, and this is my reason for occupying these pages with a narration of four, coupled with remarks.CASE I. -This has already been reported in Guly's Hospital Reports
Multiple Firm Nodules and Tender, Indurated Plaques
Authors: Jeannette Olazagasti, Audrey S. Wang, Rivkah Isseroff
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF LATHYROGENIC AGENTS ON CARTILAGE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: Morris J. Karnovsky, Manfred L. Karnovsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

The effects of lathyrogenic agents in vivo and in vitro are described, in respect to some biochemical indices of cartilage metabolism. Lathyrogenic agents in vivo inhibited the incorporation of radiosulfate into rat epiphyseal cartilage and the isolated chondroitin sulfate. No significant changes in hydroxyproline or hexosamine content of epiphyseal cartilage were found, but there was a marked increase in water content. The content of chondroitin sulfate, measured as uronic acid, was decreased. The importance of taking growth rate differences between control and experimental rats into account in assessing the effects of lathyrogenic agents in vivo is emphasized. In an in vitro system, utilizing fresh calf costal cartilage slices, the presence of low concentrations of lathyrogenic agents markedly affected various metabolic events. The incorporation into cartilage slices of sulfate-S35, glucose-U-C14, and glycine-1-C14 was significantly depressed, as was the production of organic acids, including lactic acid. In general, these effects were more severe under anaerobic conditions. Glutamine restored the activities of the slices treated with lathyrogenic agents to control values obtained in the absence of either lathyrogen or glutamine.
IFN-γ and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase signaling between donor dendritic cells and T cells regulates graft versus host and graft versus leukemia activity
Authors: Ying Lu, Cynthia R. Giver, Akshay Sharma, Jian Ming Li, Katarzyna A. Darlak, Lauren M. Owens, John D. Roback, Jacques Galipeau, Edmund K. Waller
Journal: Blood (2011)
Characterization of Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing and Theranostic Potential
Authors: Ferga C Gleeson, Benjamin R Kipp, Sarah E Kerr, Jesse S Voss, Konstantinos N Lazaridis, David A Katzka, Michael J Levy
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Dietary Fat and Mammary Cancer. II. Modulation of Serum and Tumor Lipid Composition and Tumor Prostaglandins by Different Dietary Fats: Association With Tumor Incidence Patterns&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L A Cohen, D O Thompson, K Choi, R A Karmali, D P Rose
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

For investigation of the role of linoleic acid (LA) and its biologically significant metabolites in mammary tumor promotion by dietary fat, a detailed study of the fatty acid group composition of serum lipids, tumor neutral lipids, tumor phospholipids, and tumor prostaglandins (PG's) was conducted in female inbred F344 rats initiated with N-nitrosomethylurea (CAS: 684-93-5) and fed diets containing various types and amounts of fat. The oils, safflower [23%, high fat (HF); 5%, low fat], corn (23%, 5%), olive (23%, 5%), and coconut (23%) varied widely with respect to their LA content and their polyunsaturate:monounsaturate:saturate ratios (9:1:1, 4.6:2.6:1, 0.6:5.9:1, and 0.008:0.05:1, respectively, for safflower, corn, olive, and coconut oils). A modified hexane-based technique was used for extraction of serum and tumor lipids. Total tumor lipids ranged from a low of 5 to a high of 228 mg/g (wet wt) with no differences found among the 7 dietary groups. The phospholipid content of the tumors ranged from 27 to 47% of total tumor lipid, again with no differences seen among dietary groups. Total serum lipids varied from a low of 3.77 mg/ml (safflower oil, 23%) to a high of 6.11 mg/ml (coconut oil, 23%), and an overall inverse trend was observed between total serum lipids and tumor incidence for the 4 HF diet groups. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly depressed in the HF safflower oil and corn oil groups compared to those in all other dietary groups and, in general, varied inversely with respect to mammary tumor incidence. Serum and tumor neutral fatty acid profiles closely reflected those of the diet, while tumor phospholipids appeared more resistant to diet-induced changes. Olive oil-fed animals exhibited high levels of oleic acid in both serum and tumor lipids. The levels of the major metabolite of LA, arachidonic acid (AA), in tumor phospholipids were highly variable and did not equate with dietary or serum LA levels. A positive association was found among dietary LA, tumor PGE2, and mammary tumor incidence among the 4 HF groups; however, no association was found between tumor AA levels and either tumor PGE2 levels or mammary tumor incidence. The results of this study suggest that dietary LA may exert its effects on mammary tumor promotion by virtue of its role as a PG precursor; but the precise steps in this sequence and possible competitive interactions between essential fatty acids, monoenes, and saturates and the PG-synthesizing system remain to be determined.
Docetaxel and Continuous-Infusion Fluorouracil Versus Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil for Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Phase II Study
Authors: Peter C. Thuss-Patience, Albrecht Kretzschmar, Michael Repp, Dorothea Kingreen, Dirk Hennesser, Simone Micheel, Daniel Pink, Christian Scholz, Bernd Dörken, Peter Reichardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

A combination of docetaxel and fluorouracil (DF) was evaluated in an outpatient setting and compared with epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (ECF), which served as an internal control arm to avoid selection bias.Patients with metastatic or locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma without prior chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m(2) day 1, cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) day 1, and fluorouracil 200 mg/m(2) days 1 through 21, every 3 weeks) or DF (docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) day 1, and fluorouracil 200 mg/m(2) days 1 through 21, every 3 weeks).Ninety patients were randomly assigned. Toxicity was rarely severe. Major toxic effects included diarrhea, stomatitis, and leukopenia in the DF arm and nausea, vomiting, and leukopenia in the ECF arm. Forty-three of 45 patients in each arm were assessable. In the DF arm, two patients (4.4%, intent to treat) experienced a confirmed complete tumor remission as best response, and 15 patients (33.3%) experienced a confirmed partial remission (overall response rate [ORR], 37.8%; 95% CI, 25.9% to 51.9%). Two patients (4.4%) in the ECF arm showed confirmed complete remission, and 14 (31.1%) showed confirmed partial remission (ORR, 35.6%; 95% CI, 24.8% to 48.7%). For the DF and ECF arms, the median survival was 9.5 and 9.7 months, and the median time to tumor progression 5.5 and 5.3 months, respectively.DF can be safely given in an ambulant setting. Compared with ECF, the dual combination of DF shows promising efficacy and may be an alternative treatment option that avoids cisplatin.
Randomised Phase 3 Trial of Enzalutamide in Androgen Deprivation Therapy with Radiation Therapy for High Risk, Clinically Localised, Prostate Cancer: Enzarad (Anzup 1303)
Authors: S. Williams, I.D. Davis, C. Sweeney, M.R. Stockler, A. Martin, A.P. Long, S. Yip, X. Coskinas, P. Nguyen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
<i>CRTC1</i>rearrangements in the absence of t(11;19) in primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: J.K.M. Lennerz, A. Perry, L.P. Dehner, J.D. Pfeifer, A.C. Lind
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the skin is an uncommon neoplasm with a remarkable resemblance to MEC of the salivary glands. The latter has been shown to harbour an oncogenic translocation resulting in a fusion gene consisting of exon 1 of CRTC1/MECT1/TORC1 at 19p and exons 2-5 of MAML2 at 11q.While t(11;19) and rearrangements of the involved loci have been demonstrated in MEC of the salivary gland and other sites, it remains to be determined if morphological similarities in cutaneous MEC are reflected at the molecular level.Cases of cutaneous MEC were defined by three histopathological features: (i) cystic dermal nodule with (ii) overlying intact epidermis and (iii) presence of three cell types (squamoid, intermediate, mucinous), and characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry.Eight primary cutaneous MECs were analysed. All informative cases showed CRTC1 rearrangements; none of the cases had MAML2 rearrangements or the presence of t(11;19) by RT-PCR. One case of primary MEC of the breast showed amplification of MAML2 in the absence of CRTC1 or t(11;19). Two MECs metastatic to the skin, histologically identical to primary cutaneous MEC, were included, one of which harboured the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion gene by RT-PCR, verified by interphase FISH and sequencing.MEC of the skin harbours CRTC1 rearrangements, a molecular finding that reflects morphological similarities between glandular and cutaneous MEC. The absence of oncogenic t(11;19) or MAML2 aberrations in our series, which is the largest reported, may explain the innocuous clinical behaviour of this uncommon adnexal tumour.
Ferritin Heavy Chain–Mediated Iron Homeostasis and Subsequent Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Production Are Essential for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Ke-Hua Zhang, Hong-Yu Tian, Xia Gao, Wei-Wei Lei, Ying Hu, Dong-Mei Wang, Xin-Chao Pan, Mei-Lan Yu, Gen-Jun Xu, Fu-Kun Zhao, Jian-Guo Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in tumor progression. To obtain a broad view of the molecules involved in EMT, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-induced EMT in AML-12 murine hepatocytes. A total of 36 proteins with significant alterations in abundance were identified. Among these proteins, ferritin heavy chain (FHC), a cellular iron storage protein, was characterized as a novel modulator in TGF-beta1-induced EMT. In response to TGF-beta1, there was a dramatic decrease in the FHC levels, which caused iron release from FHC and, therefore, increased the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP). Abolishing the increase in LIP blocked TGF-beta1-induced EMT. In addition, increased LIP levels promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The elimination of ROS inhibited EMT, whereas H2O2 treatment rescued TGF-beta1-induced EMT in cells in which the LIP increase was abrogated. Overexpression of exogenous FHC attenuated the increases in LIP and ROS production, leading to a suppression of EMT. We also showed that TGF-beta1-mediated down-regulation of FHC occurs via 3' untranslated region-dependent repression of the translation of FHC mRNA. Moreover, we found that FHC down-regulation is an event that occurs between the early and highly invasive advanced stages in esophageal adenocarcinoma and that depletion of LIP or ROS suppresses the migration of tumor cells. Our data show that cellular iron homeostasis regulated by FHC plays a critical role in TGF-beta1-induced EMT.
Alterations with Age in the Viscoelastic Properties of Human Arterial Walls
Authors: Brian M. Learoyd, Michael G. Taylor
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The circumferential incremental Young's modulus was measured in 59 major arteries of both "young" (less than 35 years of age) and "old" (greater than 35 years of age) subjects. Dynamic measurements of wall elasticity and viscosity were made which indicated a high viscosity in the femoral arteries. This was attributed to their high content of muscle. Although the "young" group showed, at any given pressure, an increasing wall stiffness towards the periphery, in "old" arteries, an opposite trend was found. When dimensional changes (radius and wall thickness) in the "old" group were considered it was apparent that at all sites the arterial wall tissue became weaker with age. Nevertheless, as a consequence of these dimensional changes the impedance characteristics of the old arterial tree still retained the nonuniformity (an increase towards the periphery) of the "young" which has considerable haemodynamic advantage.
Expression profiling using a tumor-specific cDNA microarray predicts the prognosis of intermediate risk neuroblastomas
Authors: Miki Ohira, Shigeyuki Oba, Yohko Nakamura, Eriko Isogai, Setsuko Kaneko, Atsuko Nakagawa, Takahiro Hirata, Hiroyuki Kubo, Takeshi Goto, Saichi Yamada, Yasuko Yoshida, Misa Fuchioka, Shin Ishii, Akira Nakagawara
Journal: Cancer Cell (2005)
Blood compatible aspects of poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PMEA)—relationship between protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on PMEA surface
Authors: Masaru Tanaka, Tadahiro Motomura, Miho Kawada, Takao Anzai, None Yuu Kasori, Toshifumi Shiroya, Kenichi Shimura, Makoto Onishi, None Akira Mochizuki
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
Determinants and Consequences of Renal Function Variations With Aldosterone Blocker Therapy in Heart Failure Patients After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Patrick Rossignol, John G.F. Cleland, Sunil Bhandari, Stéphane Tala, Finn Gustafsson, Renaud Fay, Zohra Lamiral, Daniela Dobre, Bertram Pitt, Faiez Zannad
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— We evaluated the effect of the selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone on renal function and the interaction between changes in renal function and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction after an acute myocardial infarction in the Eplerenone Post–Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS). Methods and Results— Serial changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were available in 5792 patients during a 24-month follow-up. Patients assigned to eplerenone had a decline in eGFR with an adjusted mean difference of −1.4±0.3 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 compared with placebo ( P &lt;0.0001), an effect that appeared within the first month (−1.3±0.4 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 ) and persisted throughout the study. Overall, 914 patients experienced a decline in eGFR &gt;20% in the first month, 16.9% and 14.7% in the eplerenone and placebo groups, respectively (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.30; P =0.017). In multivariate analyses, determinants of this early decline in eGFR were female sex, age ≥65 years, smoking, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;35%, and use of eplerenone and loop diuretic. An early decline in eGFR by &gt;20% was associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes independently of baseline eGFR and of the use of eplerenone, which retained its prognostic benefits even under these circumstances. Conclusions— In patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction and receiving standard medical care, an early decline in eGFR is not uncommon and is associated with poor long-term outcome. Eplerenone induced a moderately more frequent early decline in eGFR, which did not affect its clinical benefit on cardiovascular outcomes.
Child Mortality Estimation: Methods Used to Adjust for Bias due to AIDS in Estimating Trends in Under-Five Mortality
Authors: Neff Walker, Kenneth Hill, Fengmin Zhao
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Neff Walker and colleagues show how the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation use a model to correct for AIDS-related biases in the data used to estimate trends in under-five mortality.
Multivitamins in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men
Authors: Howard D. Sesso, William G. Christen, Vadim Bubes, Joanne P. Smith, Jean MacFadyen, Miriam Schvartz, JoAnn E. Manson, Robert J. Glynn, Julie E. Buring, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Although multivitamins are used to prevent vitamin and mineral deficiency, there is a perception that multivitamins may prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Observational studies have shown inconsistent associations between regular multivitamin use and CVD, with no long-term clinical trials of multivitamin use.
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Long-Term Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Population-Based Follow-up Study
Authors: F. V. Mortensen, P. Jepsen, R. E. Tarone, P. Funch-Jensen, L. S. Jensen, H. T. Sorensen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Sphincterotomy of the ampulla of Vater—a common diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that is sometimes done during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC)—allows reflux of intestinal content into the biliary tree. The resulting inflammation may contribute to malignant transformation of the biliary epithelium and therefore increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. We used data from population-based Danish health-care registries to examine the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma after ERC for 10 690 ERC patients who underwent sphincterotomy between 1977 and 2003 and 10 690 ERC patients who did not undergo sphincterotomy. Patients with sphincterotomy were matched to patients without sphincterotomy by sex and age at, calendar year of, and indication for ERC. The cholangiocarcinoma incidence rate for sphincterotomy patients was 404 per 100 000 person-years during the first year after ERC and decreased progressively at later times after ERC (79, 42, and 27 per 100 000 person-years during years 2, 3–5, and >5, respectively). The corresponding rates for patients without sphincterotomy were 458, 12, 10, and 19 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The gradual decrease in cholangiocarcinoma rate over time after ERC for sphincterotomy patients indicates that some of these patients had a cholangiocarcinoma that was present at the time of ERC but not diagnosed until 2–5 years later. The similar rates at the latest times after ERC suggest the lack of a causal association between sphincterotomy and cholangiocarcinoma.