tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BRITISH EMPIRE EXHIBITION: MOTOR CARS
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1924)

THE Palace of Engineering at the B}ritislh Empire Exliibition at Wembley is a building of suclh vast proportions thiat it would be possible for the Society of Motor Manni- facturers and Tr aders and the Cycle aind Motor Cycle Manufacturers' and Traders' UlTnion to hold a single exhibition entirely representative in the international sense of the motor car, the motor cycle, the agricultural, commercial, and utility motor coachinaking, motor-boat building, aerial anid marine m-lotor industries, as well as of the tyre industry and all manner of accessory ilndustries in the one building.Had this vast ferro-concrete structure been available thlree or four vears earlier there would lhave been nio possibility of enlarginig Olymiipia.As it is, the society lhas taken a long lease of the building at Kensington; nio doubt, therefore, our London miiotor shows will continue to be held on the group system, as distinct from having one enormous exxhibition representing every phase of the mnove- ment, with the incidental gain that v-ast numbers of the public would be led to examine the commercial, aircraft, and miiarine sections who at plesent fail to attend when a special display is devoted to themii.That, however, is by the way.Meantime the society, in con junction vitlh the union, displays on 50,000 sq.ft. of space in the Palace of Engincering at Weembley 122 differenit types of motor vehicles, the contributors being 47 miiakers of cars, 23 builders of com- mercial motor vehieles, 27 motor cycle and sidecar manu- facturers, 14 coachbuilders, 11 pedal cycle makers, 2 manui- facturers of agricultural tractors, 124 accessory an-d com- ponlent makers, and 8 tyre manufacturers out of the 78 car builders, 100 coaclibuilders, 118 component manufacturers, 40 builders of petrol lorries, 18 builders of steam, and 16 manufacturers of electric vehicles engaged in the industry to-day and having an aggregate output of approximately 80,000 motor vehicles, which gives direct employment to upwards of 250,000 men.
Isolated pulmonary arteries involvement in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis
Authors: O Brugiere, H Mal, C Sleiman, O Groussard, F Mellot, M Fournier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Pulmonary arteries involvement is well described in Takayasu's arteritis (TA), a condition which is mainly associated with involvement of the systemic arteries. We report a case of TA with documented isolated pulmonary arteries involvement. Symptoms were quite similar to those encountered in chronic thromboembolic disease. A pulmonary angiogram showed bilateral stenosis and occlusion of pulmonary arteries. Diagnosis of TA was suspected, and as such a complete aortogram was made but proved to be normal. Massive haemoptysis suddenly occurred, which resulted in death. Autopsy disclosed characteristic pathological lesions of TA in pulmonary arteries and confirmed the lack of involvement of the aorta and its branches. The frequency of such a clinical form could be underestimated, given the difficulties of diagnosis and features similar to those of chronic thromboembolic disease.
Familial Leukoencephalopathy in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Eileen P. Ahearn, David C. Steffens, Frederick Cassidy, Susan A. Van Meter, James M. Provenzale, Michael F. Seldin, Richard H. Weisler, K. Ranga Rama Krishnan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Objective:Imaging studies of patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate changes in deep white matter and subcortical gray nuclei that are seen as focal hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The objective of this study was to examine MRIs in a family with a strong history of bipolar disorder to look for possible MRI abnormalities in members with and without affective illness.Method:The authors obtained MRIs of 21 members of a family with a strong history of bipolar disorder. Eight of the family members studied had bipolar illness, one had symptoms of bipolar disorder but did not meet full DSM-III-R criteria, two had unipolar disorder, and 10 did not have bipolar disorder. Results:Fifteen of the 21 family members had MRI findings, including six of 10 family members who had no affective disorder and all of those with bipolar disorder. Lesions of both white matter and subcortical gray nuclei were found.Conclusions:Although the clinical significance of these MRI findings is unknown, the high prevalence of MRI findings in both affected and unaffected family members suggests that MRI findings may potentially serve as a biological marker for bipolar disorder. Recent genetic studies have established a link between familial leukoencephalopathy and chromosome 19. If leukoencephalopathy appears to be related to bipolar disorder, it may allow clearer characterization of the genetics of the disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1605-1607
All-trans retinoic acid potentiates the chemotherapeutic effect of cisplatin by inducing differentiation of tumor initiating cells in liver cancer
Authors: Yang Zhang, Dong-xian Guan, Jie Shi, Hong Gao, Jing-jing Li, Jiang-sha Zhao, Lin Qiu, Jiang Liu, Nan Li, Wei-xing Guo, Jie Xue, Fei-guo Zhou, Meng-chao Wu, Hong-yang Wang, Dong Xie, Shu-qun Cheng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Coeliac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease.
Authors: C E Counsell, A Taha, W S Ruddell
Journal: Gut (1994)

A well defined cohort of coeliac patients was studied prospectively to assess the prevalence of coexisting thyroid disease and positive thyroid autoantibodies. Comparison with epidemiological data on the prevalence of coeliac disease in a neighbouring area suggested that few adult coeliac patients had been missed. Overall, 14% of the coeliac patients had thyroid disease: 10.3% were hypothyroid and 3.7% hyperthyroid, both significantly more than expected. There were significantly more coeliac disease patients with thyroid autoantibodies than expected--11% had thyroglobulin antibodies and 15% had thyroid microsomal antibodies. This association is clinically important. Three patients are described in whom the coexistence of coeliac disease and hypothyroidism led to diagnostic difficulties and delay of treatment.
Mutagenicity in gastric juice.
Authors: D L Morris, D Youngs, T J Muscroft, J Cooper, C Rojinski, D W Burdon, M R Keighley
Journal: Gut (1984)

Mutagenicity has been measured in the gastric juice of 228 patients using the Ames bacteriological test system; while mutagenicity in control and duodenal ulcer patients did not differ from saline controls, mutagenicity was significantly increased compared with controls in patients suffering gastric ulcer (p less than 0.002), carcinoma (p less than 0.002), and in patients after gastric resection (p less than 0.01). A transient rise in mutagenicity was seen following H2 antagonist ingestion (p less than 0.002). Increased levels of mutagenicity were found to correlate closely with gastric juice pH and bacterial count. Histidine concentrations in gastric juice did not explain the mutagenicity results.
Quality of Life, Treatment Satisfaction, and Treatment Preference Associated With Use of a Pen Device Delivering a Premixed 70/30 Insulin Aspart Suspension (Aspart Protamine Suspension/Soluble Aspart) Versus Alternative Treatment Strategies
Authors: Richard R. Rubin, Mark Peyrot
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Interest in intensified insulin therapy has contributed to the increased popularity of alternative insulin delivery systems, including insulin pen delivery devices. Although there have been several studies of patient-reported outcomes associated with insulin pen use (1–6), there has been no adequate assessment of 1 ) the most advanced devices, pens delivering premixed intermediate-acting and rapid-acting analog insulin; 2 ) the effects of pens for patients previously naive to insulin; 3 ) the effects of pens on general quality of life; and 4 ) what factors contribute to preference for different insulin delivery systems.

Participants were patients with type 2 diabetes who completed a satisfaction substudy after being enrolled by their physicians in a 3-month clinical experience program of NovoLog Mix 70/30 in a prefilled FlexPen insulin pen device that delivered a 70/30 mixture of intermediate-acting and rapid-acting analog insulin (a suspension of protamine-crystallized insulin aspart and soluble insulin aspart). Of 899 patients who originally signed and returned a card indicating consent to participate in the satisfaction substudy, 372 (41%) returned completed questionnaires, for which they were given US$25. The questions included items from validated measures. Diabetes treatment satisfaction was measured by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (change) (DTSQc) (7) and Quality of Life status and change (QLsc) (8). Quality of life was measured by the QLsc. Table 1 describes the measures, including the questions used for each measure, the reliability of each measure, and the …
One Hundred Twenty Years of Koala Retrovirus Evolution Determined from Museum Skins
Authors: M. C. Avila-Arcos, S. Y. W. Ho, Y. Ishida, N. Nikolaidis, K. Tsangaras, K. Honig, R. Medina, M. Rasmussen, S. L. Fordyce, S. Calvignac-Spencer, E. Willerslev, M. T. P. Gilbert, K. M. Helgen, A. L. Roca, A. D. Greenwood
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Although endogenous retroviruses are common across vertebrate genomes, the koala retrovirus (KoRV) is the only retrovirus known to be currently invading the germ line of its host. KoRV is believed to have first infected koalas in northern Australia less than two centuries ago. We examined KoRV in 28 koala museum skins collected in the late 19th and 20th centuries and deep sequenced the complete proviral envelope region from five northern Australian specimens. Strikingly, KoRV env sequences were conserved among koalas collected over the span of a century, and two functional motifs that affect viral infectivity were fixed across the museum koala specimens. We detected only 20 env polymorphisms among the koalas, likely representing derived mutations subject to purifying selection. Among northern Australian koalas, KoRV was already ubiquitous by the late 19th century, suggesting that KoRV evolved and spread among koala populations more slowly than previously believed. Given that museum and modern koalas share nearly identical KoRV sequences, it is likely that koala populations, for more than a century, have experienced increased susceptibility to diseases caused by viral pathogenesis.
Bronchoprotection with a Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist in Asthmatic Preschool Children
Authors: HANS BISGAARD, KIM G. NIELSEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We hypothesized that a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) could provide bronchoprotection against the cold, dry air-induced response in asthmatic preschool children. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, we examined the effect of the specific LTRA montelukast at 5 mg/d for 2 d on the bronchoconstriction induced by hyperventilation of cold, dry air in 13 asthmatic children 3 to 5 yr old. The bronchoconstriction was measured as the specific airway resistance (sRaw) in a whole-body plethysmograph before and 4 min after challenge with cold, dry air. The repeatability of the bronchoprotection was examined by repeating the placebo-controlled study in six of the 13 children. sRaw increased by an average of 46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30 to 63%) after placebo treatment and 17% (95% CI: 3 to 31%) after montelukast (p < 0.01). Eight of the children were receiving regular treatment with budesonide delivered by an inhaler with a spacer in a mean daily dose of 350 μ g, but the bronchoprotection provided by montelukast was independent of concurrent steroid treatment. There was no convincing evidence of failure to respond, and the protective effect of montelukast was consistent upon repeated testing (p = 0.02). We conclude that the LTRA montelukast provided clinically significant bronchoprotection against the effect of hyperventilation of cold dry air in asthmatic children 3 to 5 yr old. The bronchoprotection appeared to be homogeneous among the children, and seemed independent of steroid treatment. This suggests that LTRAs may be of therapeutic use in limiting clinical symptoms of asthma in young children.
Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus with acitretin and hydroxychloroquine
Authors: T. RUZICKA, C. SOMMERBURG, G. GOERZ, P. KIND, H. MENSING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

A randomized, double‐blind, multicentre study was performed to compare the efficacy of acitretin (50 mg/day) with hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/day) in 28 and 30 patients, respectively, suffering from cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). The study was carried out over an 8‐week period. Improvement of facial LE lesions after treatment with acitretin and hydroxychloroquine was assessed using several clinical parameters. In the acitretin group there was marked improvement or clearing of erythema in 10/24 patients (42%), of infiltration in 15/24(63%) and of scaling/hyperkeratosis in 12/20 (60%). In the hydroxychloroquine group there was complete clearing or marked improvement of erythema in 17/25 patients (68%), of infiltration in 17/25 (68%) and of scaling/hyperkeratosis in 15/23 (65%). Overall improvement occurred in 13/28 patients (46%) treated with acitretin and in 15/30 patients (50%) with hydroxychloroquine. The incidence of side‐effects was higher in the acitretin group, and necessitated discontinuation of treatment in four patients. The present results demonstrate that both acitretin and hydroxychloroquine provide effective treatment in approximately 50% of cases of cutaneous LE.
What lurks beneath: IL-11, via Stat3, promotes inflammation-associated gastric tumorigenesis
Authors: Juanita L. Merchant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Chronic inflammation in the stomach induces cellular transformation and gastric cancer primarily in the distal stomach or antrum. In this issue of the JCI, a study in mice by Ernst et al. provides new insight into the role of IL-11 and its glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor in inflammation-associated gastric epithelial cell oncogenic transformation, which they show is mediated by and dependent on increased activation of Stat3 and, to a lesser extent, Stat1 (see the related article beginning on page 1727). Prior studies from this group have shown that Stat3 hyperactivity stimulates the TGF-β inhibitor Smad7. Collectively, the studies suggest that an important pathway of oncogenic transformation in the stomach is through suppression of growth inhibitory signals, such as members of the TGF-β family, that originate from the stroma.
Depletion of intrinsic expression of Interleukin-8 in prostate cancer cells causes cell cycle arrest, spontaneous apoptosis and increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Rajendra K Singh, Bal L Lokeshwar
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2009)

The progression of all cancers is characterized by increased-cell proliferation and decreased-apoptosis. The androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) is the terminal stage of the disease. Many chemokines and cytokines are suspects to cause this increased tumor cell survival that ultimately leads to resistance to therapy and demise of the host. The AIPC cells, but not androgen-responsive cells, constitutively express abundant amount of the pro-inflammatory chemokine, Interleukin-8 (IL-8). The mechanism of IL-8 mediated survival and therapeutic resistance in AIPC cells is unclear at present. The purpose of this report is to show the pervasive role of IL-8 in malignant progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) and to provide a potential new therapeutic avenue, using RNA interference. The functional consequence of IL-8 depletion in AIPC cells was investigated by RNA interference in two IL-8 secreting AIPC cell lines, PC-3 and DU145. The non-IL-8 secreting LNCaP and LAPC-4 cells served as controls. Cells were transfected with RISC-free siRNA (control) or validated-pool of IL-8 siRNA. Transfection with 50 nM IL-8 siRNA caused >95% depletion of IL-8 mRNA and >92% decrease in IL-8 protein. This reduction in IL-8 led to cell cycle arrest at G1/S boundary and decreases in cell cycle-regulated proteins: Cyclin D1 and Cyclin B1 (both decreased >50%) and inhibition of ERK1/2 activity by >50%. Further, the spontaneous apoptosis was increased by >43% in IL-8 depleted cells, evidenced by increases in caspase-9 activation and cleaved-PARP. IL-8 depletion caused significant decreases in anti-apoptotic proteins, BCL-2, BCL-xL due to decrease in both mRNA and post-translational stability, and increased levels of pro-apoptotic BAX and BAD proteins. More significantly, depletion of intracellular IL-8 increased the cytotoxic activity of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Specifically, the cytotoxicity of Docetaxel, Staurosporine and Rapamycin increased significantly (>40% at IC50 dose) in IL-8 depleted cells as compared to that in C-siRNA transfected cells. These results show the pervasive role of IL-8 in promoting tumor cell survival, and resistance to cytotoxic drugs, regardless of the cytotoxic mechanism of antiproliferative drugs, and point to potential therapeutic significance of IL-8 depletion in men with AIPC.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Changes After Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: C. Walton Lillehei
Journal: JAMA (1968)

We studied by preoperative and postoperative catheterization 162 unselected patients having surgical closure of ventricular septal defects; 135 patients (83%) had completely closed defects, and 27 patients (17%) had residual shunts. Almost uniform reduction of the preexisting elevated pulmonary pressures and reversion to a normal pulmonary flow were consistent findings. Approximately 93% of the patients with closed defects were asymptomatic, compared to only 15% who were asymptomatic preoperatively. A postoperative systolic murmur may be compatible with complete closure, but a persistent systolic thrill usually indicates a residual shunt. Periodic postoperative recatheterization in eight patients with significant pulmonary vascular disease prior to closure indicated that seven have improved progressively over the years studied. Only two patients in this entire group of 162 showed a progression in their pulmonary vascular disease following ventricular septal defect closure.
The evolutionary genetics of personality: Does mutation load signal relationship load?
Authors: David M. Buss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The mutation-selection hypothesis may extend to understanding normal personality variation. Traits such as emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness figure strongly in mate selection and show evidence of non-additive genetic variance. They are linked with reproductively relevant outcomes, including longevity, resource acquisition, and mating success. Evolved difference-detection adaptations may function to spurn individuals whose high mutation load signals a burdensome relationship load .
Protection against group B meningococcal disease. II. Infection and resulting immunity in a guinea pig model.
Authors: C E Frasch, J D Robbins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

A guinea pig subcutaneous chamber model was used to evaluate the specificity of the immune response resulting from Neisseria meningitidis infection. Small numbers of meningococci easily infected the chambers. The infections persisted for 6-8 days with relatively high levels of organisms (10(5)-10(6)/milliliter) in the chambers, and were then rapidly eliminated and no organisms could be cultured beyond day 14. Clearance of infection correlated with appearance of circulating antibody. Antibody against both the protein serotype antigen and the capsular polysaccharide were induced as a result of meningococcal infection. The group-specific polysaccharide response peaked 2-3 wk after the animals were inoculated, while the type-specific protein response peaked at 5-6 wk. The animals were quite resistant to reinfection with either the homologous serogroup or serotype.
POCUS: mining genomic sequence annotation to predict disease genes
Authors: Frances S Turner, Daniel R Clutterbuck, Colin AM Semple
Journal: Genome biology (2003)

Here we present POCUS (prioritization of candidate genes using statistics), a novel computational approach to prioritize candidate disease genes that is based on over-representation of functional annotation between loci for the same disease. We show that POCUS can provide high (up to 81-fold) enrichment of real disease genes in the candidate-gene shortlists it produces compared with the original large sets of positional candidates. In contrast to existing methods, POCUS can also suggest counterintuitive candidates.
Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes.
Authors: V Vuksan, M P Stavro, J L Sievenpiper, U Beljan-Zdravkovic, L A Leiter, R G Josse, Z Xu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated that 3 g American ginseng (AG) reduced postprandial glycemia (PPG) in type 2 diabetic individuals. We investigated whether further reductions can be achieved with escalation of dose and time of AG administration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten type 2 diabetic patients (6 men, 4 women; age 63+/-2 years; BMI 27.7+/-1.5 kg/m2; HbA1c 7.3+/-0.3%) were randomly administered 0 g (placebo) or 3, 6, or 9 g ground AG root in capsules at 120, 80, 40, or 0 min before a 25-g oral glucose challenge. Capillary blood glucose was measured before ingestion of AG or placebo and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min from the start of the glucose challenge. RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that treatment (0, 3, 6, and 9 g AG) but not time of administration (120, 80, 40, or 0 min before the challenge) significantly affected PPG (P&amp;lt;0.05), with significant (P = 0.037) interaction for area under the curve (AUC). Pairwise comparisons showed that compared with 0 g (placebo), 3, 6, or 9 g significantly (P&amp;lt;0.05) reduced AUC (19.7, 15.3, and 15.9%, respectively) and incremental glycemia at 30 min (16.3, 18.4, and 18.4%, respectively), 45 min (12.5, 14.3, and 14.3%, respectively), and 120 min (59.1, 40.9, and 45.5%, respectively). However, pairwise comparisons showed no differences between the 3-, 6-, or 9-g doses and any of the times of administration. CONCLUSIONS: AG reduced PPG irrespective of dose and time of administration. No more than 3 g AG was required at any time in relation to the challenge to achieve reductions. Because these reductions included glycemia at the 2-h diagnostic end point, there may be implications for diabetes diagnosis and treatment.
Engineered cell homing
Authors: Debanjan Sarkar, Joel A. Spencer, Joseph A. Phillips, Weian Zhao, Sebastian Schafer, Dawn P. Spelke, Luke J. Mortensen, Juan P. Ruiz, Praveen Kumar Vemula, Rukmani Sridharan, Sriram Kumar, Rohit Karnik, Charles P. Lin, Jeffrey M. Karp
Journal: Blood (2011)