tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Ultrasound in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Daily Practice to Future Trends
Authors: Matteo Donadon, Guido Torzilli
Journal: Liver Cancer (2013)

Starting from the end of the 1970s, intraoperative ultrasound was introduced and developed to stage liver disease and guide the surgical interventions in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Without intraoperative ultrasound, it would probably be impossible to correctly define the hepatic segments as well as the limits of a tumor, also because of the existing wide variations in the anatomy. More importantly, intraoperative ultrasound allows for three-dimensional reconstruction of the relationships between the tumor, hepatic veins, and Glissonian pedicles. Such reconstruction is essential for planning the surgical strategy, which should be individualized in each patient with the aim to spare functional liver parenchyma. This work focuses on the role of intraoperative ultrasound to stage liver disease and to plan surgical resection, describing the most recent technical achievements.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation and Breast Cancer on PET Imaging With Sonographic Correlation
Authors: Jack R. Cunningham, Janis P. O’Malley, Pradeep Bhambhvani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We present interesting PET/CT and ultrasound findings in a 36-year-old lactating woman with stage T2 N0 M0 right breast cancer undergoing oocyte retrieval for fertility preservation. Her cancer treatment plan included neoadjuvant chemotherapy; therefore, the patient wanted to undergo an oocyte retrieval procedure for fertility preservation. She underwent a transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval procedure in the morning and a staging F-FDG PET/CT later the same day. At the time of PET imaging, she had been breast-feeding her 9-month-old infant with only her left breast.
To Dig I Am Not Able
Authors: John P. Utz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

But better than be able, do decline. For the dangers of digging are graphically defined in the paper in this issue (page 507) by Werner and his associates. In addition to Prudence1 the Steward of the students would need wisdom to weigh, as physicians must in other contexts, the risks of the procedure against the benefit or the knowledge to be gained. But what an apposition of talents: the archeologic wisdom to predict the value from the diggings and the epidemiologic wisdom to predict the likelihood of Coccidioides immitis in the soil The conventional wisdom would have had it that . . .
Biomechanical factors in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Paul C. Evans, Brenda R. Kwak
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This Spotlight issue is focused on the influence of biomechanical forces induced by flowing blood on the development, function, and pathophysiology of the vasculature. The velocity and direction of blood flow vary at a temporal level with each heartbeat and changes spatially according to vascular anatomy. This concept appears to have been already appreciated in the early sixteenth century by the renaissance polymath Leonardo Da Vinci, who depicted swirling motions of blood following its interaction with the aortic valve,1 detailed drawings of which can be found in the Royal Library in Windsor Castle (http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/919082/the-aortic-valve and http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/919083/blood-flow-through-the-aortic-valve). The relationship between blood flow and the spatial location of atherosclerotic lesions was also noted by Virchow in 18562 and was brought into the modern era by Caro et al .,3 Nerem and Seed,4 Fry and colleagues,5 and Friedman et al .,6 who pioneered cross-disciplinary approaches by combining engineering with biology to assess vascular biomechanical responses.

The vascular endothelium is a thin monolayer of cells that line the luminal side of all blood vessels. It serves as a barrier for the exchange of fluid, electrolytes, macromolecules, and cells between the intravascular space and surrounding tissue. It regulates leucocyte adhesion and trans-endothelial migration as well as platelet aggregation and smooth muscle function through the expression of adhesion and junctional molecules and by the biosynthesis of vasoactive substances, such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and endothelin-1. The endothelium is highly sensitive to haemodynamic shear stresses acting at the vessel luminal surface in the direction of blood flow. Although the mechanisms and structures by which endothelial cells sense wall shear stress are largely unknown, it is widely recognized that mechanical forces are an important determinant of endothelial cell function, gene expression, and structure. Ando and Yamamoto7 develop this concept by reviewing …
Bilateral ductal origin of the pulmonary arteries. Systemic-pulmonary arterial anastomosis as first stage in planned total correction.
Authors: E P Todd, W G Lindsay, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Absence of continuity between the heart and the pulmonary arteries has the potential for total correction. When the pulmonary arteries are narrow, a palliative first stage systemic-pulmonary arterial anastomosis serves to enlarge the pulmonary arteries so that, with time, they become of adequate caliber for total correction. In a case with bilateral ductal origin of pulmonary arteries, palliative anastomosis between the aorta and right pulmonary artery was performed as the first stage in a program planned for ultimate total correction.
Changes in Plasma and Extracellular Fluid Volumes in Patients with Essential Hypertension During Long-Term Treatment with Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: ARNE LETH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

In 13 untreated patients with essential hypertension, the plasma volume (T-1824) and the extracellular fluid volume ( 82 Br - distribution space) were determined three times. During treatment with 50 to 100 mg of hydrochlorothiazide daily, determinations of plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were repeated after treatment for 1 mo (13 patients), 2 mo (13 patients), 4 mo (eight patients), and 6 mo ( seven patients). In all cases the average plasma and extracellular fluid volumes were reduced compared with the averages of three control values. The plasma volume was significantly reduced at the 5% level after treatment for 1, 2, and 4 mo. Corresponding studies from the literature have been reviewed and, on the basis of these studies and our own results, it is concluded that thiazides have a volume-depleting effect which is continued during long-term treatment of patients with essential hypertension.
Disability Associated With Psychiatric Comorbidity and Health Status in Bosnian Refugees Living in Croatia
Authors: Richard F. Mollica
Journal: JAMA (1999)

<h3>Context</h3>The relationship between psychiatric symptoms and disability in refugee survivors of mass violence is not known.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine if risk factors, such as demographics, trauma, health status, and psychiatric illness, are associated with disability in Bosnian refugees.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Cross-sectional survey conducted in 1996 of Bosnian refugee adults living in a camp established by the Croatian government near the city of Varaždin. One adult aged 18 years or older was randomly selected from each of 573 camp families; 534 (93%) agreed to participate (mean age, 50 years; 41% male).<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Culturally validated measures for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) included the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. Disability measures included the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 20, a physical functioning scale based on World Health Organization criteria, and self-reports of socioeconomic activity, levels of physical energy, and perceived health status.<h3>Results</h3>Respondents reported a mean (sd) of 6.5 (4.7) unduplicated trauma events; 18% (n=95) had experienced 1 or more torture events. While 55.2% reported no psychiatric symptoms, 39.2% and 26.3% reported symptoms that meet dsm-iv criteria for depression and ptsd, respectively; 20.6% reported symptoms comorbid for both disorders. a total of 25.5% reported having a disability. Refugees who reported symptoms comorbid for both depression and ptsd were associated with an increased risk for disability compared with asymptomatic refugees (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.02; 95% confidence interval χ, 3.05-8.26; adjusted or, 2.06; 95% ci, 1.10-3.86). Older age, cumulative trauma, and chronic medical illness were also associated with disability.<h3>Conclusions</h3>In a population of Bosnian refugees who had recently fled from the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, psychiatric comorbidity was associated with disability independent of the effects of age, trauma, and health status.
ETHER ANESTHESIA IN THE PRESENCE OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: HENRY K. BEECHER
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Great and sometimes dangerous efforts are made to avoid the use of ether anesthesia when surgery must be carried out on patients who happen to be suffering from tuberculosis; accordingly, it is important to examine the basis for the prejudice against the use of ether for tuberculous patients. As will be observed, this prejudice does not appear to be established on a secure foundation. We have therefore studied the results of using ether in operations on a carefully followed series of patients and have compared our results with those from other clinics. Our wish to give ether an adequate trial was based on extensive observations, made in many general surgery clinics as well as our own, that ether is extraordinarily well tolerated by the cachectic patient and by the patient whose respiratory and circulatory systems may be grossly impaired.<sup>1</sup> <h3>CURRENT BASIS FOR THE PREJUDICE AGAINST THE USE</h3>
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ADVANCED TUBERCULOUS INFECTION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: EUGENE L. OPIE
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Within the last five years, extensive studies by Opie and McPhedran,<sup>1</sup>Chadwick,<sup>2</sup>Rathbun,<sup>3</sup>Myers,<sup>4</sup>and Opie, Landis, McPhedran and Hetherington<sup>5</sup>have demonstrated the widespread occurrence of grave tuberculous lesions in the lungs of children who do not seem to be sick and in many instances are well nourished and apparently in robust health. These children do not have the symptoms or physical signs usually associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous infection is discovered by the tuberculin test, and roentgenologic examination furnishes a measure of its severity by revealing the extent and character of the lesion. Within a short period a considerable amount of information has been accumulated concerning the clinical significance and probable outcome of the different lesions that are definable, but as yet this knowledge is incomplete and will be increased largely by observations continued for years, because the disease usually pursues a chronic course.
Survival of Medicare Patients after Enrollment in Hospice Programs
Authors: Nicholas A. Christakis, José J. Escarce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Each year more than 220,000 Medicare beneficiaries receive care from hospice programs designed to enhance the quality of the end of life. Enrollment requires certification by a physician that the patient has a life expectancy of less than six months. We examined how long before death patients enrolled in hospice programs.
Normal Electrocardiographic Variants Simulating Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Henry J. L. Marriott
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The partnership of an electrocardiograph and an unskilled, or perhaps overconfident, interpreter can be a threat to life and limb. The most serious harm is done when the clinical context of a normal variant is disregarded and, with overreliance on the tracing itself, coronary or myocardial disease is pronounced.<sup>1</sup>This may turn a normal person into a cardiac-disease cripple. At least one instance of suicide resulting from the effects of misinterpretation has been reported,<sup>2</sup>and I have personally encountered the following socioeconomic consequences: unnecessary hospitalization with resulting serious financial embarrassment, cardiac-disease neurosis, denial of needed life insurance, postponement of marriage.<sup>3</sup>Such miscarriages of diagnostic justice can cause serious and lasting dislocations in our patients' lives, and so it is clearly the duty of everyone who presumes to interpret electrocardiograms to know the limitations of electrocardiography—or rather, we must fully appreciate our own limitations as interpreters. What is
Clonazepam release from core-shell type nanoparticles in vitro
Authors: Young-Il Jeong, Jae-Bok Cheon, Sung-Ho Kim, Jae-Woon Nah, Young-Moo Lee, Yong-Kiel Sung, Toshihiro Akaike, Chong-Su Cho
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)
Syphilis Presenting as an Acute Neurological Illness
Authors: J. H. Wetherill, H. E. Webb, R. D. Catterall
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Despite the increase in the incidence of early infectious syphilis during the past seven years neurosyphilis is relatively uncommon, and there is, as yet, no satisfactory evidence to suggest that it is increasing in frequency (Laird, 1962). Never theless, cases of neurosyphilis present in many types of medical practice, and lack of experience and familiarity with the clinical manifestations may lead to delay in diagnosis and to permanent damage to the central nervous system. It seems probable that more cases of neurosyphilis may occur in the future because of the rising incidence of early syphilis, not all of which is diagnosed and treated. Neurosyphilis may present as an acute neurological illness, which may not be recognized unless the wide variety of manifestations is appreciated and the possibility of syphilis considered. Recently we have seen four patients with neuro syphilis in whom the presenting symptoms and signs were those of an acute neurological disorder.
Enhanced immunity by NeuEDhsp70 DNA vaccine Is needed to combat an aggressive spontaneous metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Jin H. Kim, Nilanjana Majumder, Honghui Lin, Janet Chen, Louis D. Falo, Zhaoyang You
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The rapid growth and ruthless metastasis of tumors demand effective broad immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical in developing tumor vaccines. Recent investigations have been focused on modifying tumor antigens to target DCs to induce immune responses efficiently in vivo. In this study, human hsp70 was fused to the extracellular domain of rat Her2/Neu (NeuEDhsp70) for enhancing anti-tumor immunity in aggressive breast tumor models. NeuEDhsp70-conditioned DCs produced significant IL-12p40 and effectively presented NeuED antigens to T cells in vitro. NeuEDhsp70 DNA vaccine induced enhanced Neu-specific antibody and IFN-gamma-producing cellular immune responses in vivo. Although NeuEDhsp70 and NeuED DNA vaccines elicited comparable therapeutic anti-tumor immunity in an aggressive primary breast tumor model, NeuEDhsp70 DNA vaccine significantly increased survival and reduced metastasis in an aggressive spontaneous metastatic breast tumor model. Results from animal experiments with depletion of immune cells or with deficiency of CD40 molecules indicate that T cells and CD40 molecules are critical in the anti-tumor immunity induced by NeuEDhsp70 DNA vaccine. These observations suggest that NeuEDhsp70 DNA vaccine is a promising reagent to induce potent anti-tumor immunity to an aggressive spontaneous metastatic breast tumor.
Hypergastrinaemia in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: M. G. Korman, M. C. Laver, J. Hansky
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Fasting serum gastrin was measured by radioimmunoassay in 89 patients with chronic renal failure. When the serum creatinine level was used as an index of the degree of renal impairment serum gastrin rose proportionately with the degree of renal failure. Haemodialysis did not significantly alter serum gastrin levels but renal transplantation tended to return them towards normal. This study indicates that the kidney has a role in the degradation of gastrin.
Abstract 5220: Reciprocal regulation of MYC and LKB1 modulates cell survival and differentiation in lung cancer
Authors: Maria A. Cortez, Chao Yang, Lauren Averett Byers, Lixia Diao, Thaddeus Allen, Uma Giri, Jing Wang, James Welsh, John Victor Heymach
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MYC and LKB1 are important regulators of cell survival and differentiation. Although recent studies have been shown oncogenic cooperation between MYC and LKB1 loss, their relationship is unclear. In this study, we report a reciprocal regulation between MYC and LKB1 which modulates cell survival and differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that MYC regulates LKB1 expression via miR-17. Specifically, luciferase activity was reduced in cells transfected with miR-17, LKB1 3′ UTR constructs compared with scrambled control. Mutation of miR-17 interaction sites rescued the luciferase activity, thus confirming that miR-17 directly interacts with the LKB1 3´ UTRs. In agreement with our reporter gene assay results, enforced overexpression of miR-17 decreased the expression of LKB1 mRNA and protein levels compared with scrambled control. Conversely, miR-17 inhibition promoted upregulation of LKB1 expression in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, miR-17 expression was inversely correlated with LKB1 expression in 532 patients with NSCLC from The Cancer Genome Atlas data (TCGA). MYC and miR-17 overexpression promoted mTOR pathway activation, increased cell proliferation and colony formation in NSCLC cells. In line with these findings, similar results were obtained when we knockdown LKB1 expression, suggesting that MYC promotes mTOR pathway and cell survival, at least in part, via LKB1 regulation. Reciprocally, we found upregulation of MYC expression in NSCLC cell lines with LKB1 mutation or low expression compared to LKB1 wild-type (total n=78) via reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis. We validated these findings by analyzing MYC expression via western blotting in LKB1-knockdown and LKB1-ovexpressing stable cell lines. Mechanistically, we found that LKB1 downmodulates MYC expression via Yes-Associated protein 1 (YAP) phosphorylation at Ser127 site, which results in YAP cytoplasmic retention inhibiting transcription activation of its targets. In addition, we found that LKB1 also regulates ID2, a negative regulator of cell differentiation, via YAP/MYC axis. Taken together, our study reveals a reciprocal regulation between MYC and LKB1 offering additional mechanistic insights how MYC promotes cell survival and differentiation in lung cancer. Citation Format: Maria A. Cortez, Chao Yang, Lauren Averett Byers, Lixia Diao, Thaddeus Allen, Uma Giri, Jing Wang, James Welsh, John Victor Heymach. Reciprocal regulation of MYC and LKB1 modulates cell survival and differentiation in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5220. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5220
Rinkel injection therapy: a multicenter controlled study
Authors: S.R. Hirsch, J.H. Kalbfleisch, T.M. Golbert, B.M. Josephson, L.H. McConnell, R. Scanlon, W.T. Kniker, J.N. Fink, J.J. Murphree, S.H. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1981)
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood.
Authors: S K Chong, C Bartram, C A Campbell, C B Williams, A J Blackshaw, J A Walker-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The diagnosis of Crohn9s disease in childhood has been facilitated by the use of fibreoptic endoscopy with biopsies, complemented by double-contrast radiology. Clinical suspicion leads initially to several relevant blood tests. These are followed by endoscopy and multiple colonic biopsies or barium follow-through studies depending on whether large-bowel or small-bowel disease is suspected. The present approach to diagnosis is based on corroborative investigative techniques-endoscopy, radiology, and histology, The availability of paediatric colonoscopes of small diameter should make it possible for paediatricians to perform limited examinations, but when more extensive endoscopy is indicated the child should be referred to special centres.
EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC GLOMERULITIS
Authors: Theodore Pincus, Roy Haberkern, Charles L. Christian
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Three of 16 rabbits injected (intravenously) daily with crystalline bovine serum albumin (BSA) for periods in excess of 10 wk developed chronic glomerulonephritis. In vivo, animals with chronic proteinuria formed variable quantities of soluble complex after injection of antigen while animals without proteinuria exhibited rapid removal of the injected BSA. In vitro studies demonstrated that a major part of the antibodies produced by rabbits with chronic nephritis lacked precipitating properties. Interpretations of these observations were presented in the discussion. It is suggested that, in addition to quantity, quality of antibody plays an important role in the development of chronic serum sickness. Complexes formed with nonprecipitating antibody, which are less rapidly removed from circulation, would have a greater opportunity to deposit in glomeruli and induce inflammation.
Carcinoma of the cardia and thoracic oesophagus coexisting with and following sliding hiatal hernia and peptic stricture.
Authors: K Moghissi
Journal: Thorax (1977)

A series of 207 cases of carcinoma of the cardia and thoracic oesophagus was reviewed. Ten patients (9-8% of those with carcinoma of the cardia) had a hiatal hernia with a coexisting adenocarcinoma. Five other patients (2-4%) had long-standing records of hiatal hernia, and chronic peptic oesophagitis with stricture before the development of carcinoma. In the cases of hiatal hernia coexisting with carcinoma, there is insufficient evidence of the hernia predisposing to carcinoma. The relationship is thought to be purely coincidental. However, malignant changes may occur in long-standing cases of chronic oesophagitis with peptic stricture.
Determination of Ponderal Index
Authors: Charles H. Steinmetz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  The letter by Flewellen and Bee (241:884, 1979) provides a useful tool for the rapid determination of the ponderal index. Certainly, their efforts to encourage the medical community to adopt a standard method for quantifying obesity deserve support.  Cube root tables are not usually readily available to the clinician, as the authors point out, but electronic calculators, which can do cube roots, are becoming relatively commonplace.  I want to identify a point of possible confusion for those who wish to calculate the ponderal index. To obtain ponderal indices in the range of 7 to 14, the height, in inches , and the weight, in pounds , must be used in the formula. Substantially different values are obtained if calculations are performed using centimeters and kilograms.