tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Making the shortlist
Authors: N. Craft, S. CVs rejected, P. Scriven
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# General practitioner and freelance journalist Naomi Craft devises a sharp curriculum vitae … {#article-title-2} When your curriculum vitae (CV) lands in the assessor's lap it has probably got less than two minutes to convince the reader of your suitability for the job. A good first impression is vital and should be combined with enough relevant detail to put you on the shortlist. A CV literally describes the history of your life. It aims to chart your personal and professional qualifications and make them seem relevant to every new job. Composing your CV may take an initial outlay of time and effort. But considering that the average doctor will change jobs at least three times within two years of qualifying, and that most will need to apply for several jobs before they are appointed to a new position, any extra time spent on planning and storing the master copy will pay off. Several sources give information about what to include in your CV.(1)(2) Your reasons for applying for the job should be on the front page. Most juniors go down several paths before they find their niche, and it needs to be clear why you are applying for the particular position if there is an apparent change of direction. Assessors will be looking for specific things - such as the minimum required experience- and not others- leave out your O level grades. Some things from the past may point towards your commitment to a specialty, such as a medical school prize or a subject studied during an elective. Other jobs may have given you experience that highlights your ability to deal with responsibility and stress: perhaps you have deputised for a senior colleague or worked in the busiest unit in the country. ### CV learning points
Effect of altered reproductive function and lowered testosterone levels on bone density in male endurance athletes
Authors: Kim L Bennell, Peter D Brukner, Susan A Malcolm
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

The effect of intense physical activity on female reproductive hormones is well recognised 1–3 and there is evidence that menstrual disturbances associated with hypo-oestrogenism adversely affect bone density especially at the lumbar spine. 4 5 Physical activity can also have a range of effects on male reproductive function depending upon the intensity and duration of the activity and the fitness of the individual. 6 In particular, endurance training may be associated with reductions in circulating testosterone levels. Since testosterone has important anabolic roles, alterations in reproductive hormone profiles may have detrimental skeletal consequences similar to those seen in females with menstrual disturbances. The aim of this brief review is to present the limited literature on the relation between bone density and testosterone levels in male endurance athletes.
Time From Treatment to Subsequent Diagnosis of Brain Metastases in Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Review by the Southwest Oncology Group
Authors: Laurie E. Gaspar, Kari Chansky, Kathy S. Albain, Eric Vallieres, Valerie Rusch, John J. Crowley, Robert B. Livingston, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

PURPOSE A retrospective review of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) database was undertaken to review the incidence and timing of diagnosis of brain metastases in patients undergoing combined-modality therapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred twenty-two eligible, assessable patients with stage IIIA/B NSCLC were treated on four SWOG protocols. Treatment varied with protocol but consisted of concurrent cisplatin-etoposide and radiation in all patients, with a surgery arm in two of the four protocols. Results Of the 422 total patients, 268 (64%) have experienced disease progression; 54 relapses (20%) were in brain only, 17 (6.5%) were in brain and other sites simultaneously, and 197 (63.5%) were in sites other than brain. Of the 268 patients with disease progression, progression in the brain only, in the brain and other sites, and not in the brain occurred in 20%, 6%, and 74% of patients, respectively. Time from treatment to diagnosis of disease progression in the brain in 71 patients was as follows: during treatment, 16 relapses (22.5%); 0 to 16 weeks after treatment, 17 relapses (24%); 16 weeks to 6 months after treatment, 10 relapses (14%); 6 to 12 months after treatment, 16 relapses (22.5%); and more than 12 months after treatment, 12 relapses (17%). Nonsquamous histology and young patient age were the only significant predictors for increased risk of early relapse with brain metastases. CONCLUSION Brain metastases often develop early in the course of treatment for stage IIIA/B NSCLC. The statistical designs of ongoing trials of prophylactic cranial irradiation in stage III NSCLC have taken this into account.
Atrazine-induced hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in American leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): laboratory and field evidence.
Authors: Tyrone Hayes, Kelly Haston, Mable Tsui, Anhthu Hoang, Cathryn Haeffele, Aaron Vonk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Atrazine is the most commonly used herbicide in the United States and probably the world. Atrazine contamination is widespread and can be present in excess of 1.0 ppb even in precipitation and in areas where it is not used. In the current study, we showed that atrazine exposure (> or = to 0.1 ppb) resulted in retarded gonadal development (gonadal dysgenesis) and testicular oogenesis (hermaphroditism) in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Slower developing males even experienced oocyte growth (vitellogenesis). Furthermore, we observed gonadal dysgenesis and hermaphroditism in animals collected from atrazine-contaminated sites across the United States. These coordinated laboratory and field studies revealed the potential biological impact of atrazine contamination in the environment. Combined with reported similar effects in Xenopus laevis, the current data raise concern about the effects of atrazine on amphibians in general and the potential role of atrazine and other endocrine-disrupting pesticides in amphibian declines.
The <scp>EAACI</scp>/<scp>GA</scp><sup>2</sup><scp>LEN</scp>/<scp>EDF</scp>/<scp>WAO</scp> Guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria: the 2013 revision and update
Authors: T. Zuberbier, W. Aberer, R. Asero, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, Z. Brzoza, G. W. Canonica, M. K. Church, L. F. Ensina, A. Giménez‐Arnau, K. Godse, M. Gonçalo, C. Grattan, J. Hebert, M. Hide, A. Kaplan, A. Kapp, A. H. Abdul Latiff, P. Mathelier‐Fusade, M. Metz, A. Nast, S. S. Saini, M. Sánchez‐Borges, P. Schmid‐Grendelmeier, F. E. R. Simons, P. Staubach, G. Sussman, E. Toubi, G. A. Vena, B. Wedi, X. J. Zhu, M. Maurer
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract This guideline is the result of a systematic literature review using the ‘ G rading of R ecommendations A ssessment, D evelopment and E valuation’ ( GRADE ) methodology and a structured consensus conference held on 28 and 29 November 2012, in B erlin. It is a joint initiative of the D ermatology S ection of the E uropean A cademy of A llergy and C linical I mmunology ( EAACI ), the EU ‐funded network of excellence, the G lobal A llergy and A sthma E uropean N etwork ( GA 2 LEN ), the E uropean D ermatology F orum ( EDF ), and the W orld A llergy O rganization ( WAO ) with the participation of delegates of 21 national and international societies. Urticaria is a frequent, mast cell‐driven disease, presenting with wheals, angioedema, or both. The life‐time prevalence for acute urticaria is approximately 20%. Chronic spontaneous urticaria and other chronic forms of urticaria do not only cause a decrease in quality of life, but also affect performance at work and school and, as such, are members of the group of severe allergic diseases. This guideline covers the definition and classification of urticaria, taking into account the recent progress in identifying its causes, eliciting factors and pathomechanisms. In addition, it outlines evidence‐based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the different subtypes of urticaria. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the E uropean U nion of M edical S pecialists ( UEMS ).
Subversion of host defense mechanisms by malignant tumors: an established tumor as a privileged site for bacterial growth.
Authors: G L Spitalny, R J North
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Mice carrying any one of three murine tumors in their right hind foot pad were incapable of eliminating an inoculum of the bacterial parasite Listeria monocytogenes from the progressive tumor. In contrast, they were as capable as control mice in efficiently eliminating the organism from their contralateral tumor-free foot pad, and from their lymph nodes and livers. The results serve to show, therefore, that conditions within an established tumor are not only antagonistic to the expression of concomitant anti-tumor immunity, but that they are also antagonistic to the expression of T-cell-mediated anti-bacterial immunity. The possibility was discussed that the tumor contains factors that act pharmacologically to locally suppress the function of sensitized T cells and activated macrophages.
Effects of endothelin-1 on endothelial cells in the porcine coronary artery.
Authors: S Suzuki, J Kajikuri, A Suzuki, T Itoh
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on endothelial cells from the porcine coronary artery were investigated using cascade bioassay and radioimmunoassay methods. For comparison, endothelial cells from the rabbit abdominal aorta were also used. Freshly isolated endothelial cells were perfused with Krebs' solution. Liberation of vasodilatory substances was detected under bioassay conditions by measuring the relaxing activity of the perfusate on endothelium-denuded strips of the porcine coronary artery contracted with ET-1. The perfusate in the absence of ET-1 slightly inhibited the contraction, suggesting that endothelial cells spontaneously release vasorelaxing substances. After application of ET-1, the perfusate-induced relaxation drastically increased. Oxyhemoglobin completely abolished the relaxation induced by perfusate from endothelial cells of the rabbit abdominal aorta but only marginally attenuated the relaxation induced by perfusate from endothelial cells of the porcine coronary artery. In contrast, indomethacin significantly attenuated the relaxation induced by perfusate from the endothelial cells of the porcine coronary artery. In endothelium-intact strips of the porcine coronary artery, ET-1 significantly increased the concentration of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha but did not modify the cellular concentration of either cAMP or cGMP. It is concluded that ET-1 augments the release of vasorelaxing factors from endothelial cells both in the porcine coronary artery and in the rabbit abdominal aorta and that the major vasorelaxing substance derived from endothelial cells may be different in these two blood vessels. Prostaglandin I2 in the former and nitric oxide in the latter are suggested as possible candidates. The vasorelaxation induced by prostaglandin I2 may not be mediated by cAMP-dependent mechanisms in the porcine coronary artery.
Biodistribution, stability, and antiviral efficacy of liposome-entrapped phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in ducks for the treatment of chronic duck hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Paresh N. Soni, David Brown, Roggieh Saffie, Kay Savage, Duncan Moore, Gregory Gregoriadis, Geoffrey M. Dusheiko
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

This study investigated the feasibility of using liposomes to increase the hepatic delivery and antiviral efficacy of phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (PS–ODN) for the in vivo treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were used as the model. We studied the stability of an antisense PS–ODN in duck plasma, its integrity during the process of liposome entrapment, its in vivo biodistribution, plasma clearance, and excretion. In addition, the intrahepatic distribution of a labeled free and liposome–entrapped ODN was also investigated. The results of our studies show that: 1) phosphorothioate ODN remain stable during the process of liposome entrapment; 2) are stable in duck plasma for many hours; 3) are rapidly cleared from the plasma when injected intravenously; 4) intravenous injection of antisense ODNs entrapped within liposomes enhances delivery of the ODN to the liver; and 5) inhibit DHBV replication. Serum DHBV DNA levels fell rapidly, with a corresponding decrease in intrahepatic viral replicative intermediates at the end of the 5–day study period. Although inhibition of viral replication and a fall in the target protein was observed, a marked inhibition of viral replication was also observed with high doses of a random–sequence ODN. Thus, it is not certain that inhibition of viral replication was entirely through an antisense mechanism. Therefore, liposomes may be effective vehicles to improve the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to the liver for the therapy of hepatotropic viruses.
Learning from Thailand's health reforms
Authors: A. Towse
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Providing all of Thailand's population with subsidised health care required radical changes in the health system Thailand took a "big bang" approach to introducing universal access to subsidised health care.In 2001, after years of debate 1-3 and slow progress, 4 5 it extended coverage to 18.5 million people who were previously uninsured (out of a population of 62 million).This move was combined with a radical shift in funding away from major urban hospitals in order to build up primary care.Such an approach has merits but also risks.We discuss the implementation and some of the problems.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue in Young Non-Smokers Is Genomically Similar to Tumors in Older Smokers
Authors: Curtis R. Pickering, Jiexin Zhang, David M. Neskey, Mei Zhao, Samar A. Jasser, Jiping Wang, Alexandra Ward, C. Jillian Tsai, Marcus V. Ortega Alves, Jane H. Zhou, Jennifer Drummond, Adel K. El-Naggar, Richard Gibbs, John N. Weinstein, David A. Wheeler, Jing Wang, Mitchell J. Frederick, Jeffrey N. Myers
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Epidemiologic studies have identified an increasing incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) in younger patients.
Ultrastructure of the Synovial Membrane in Seronegative Inflammatory Arthropathies
Authors: C J Morris, M Farr, C A Hoiiywell, C F Hawkins, D L Scott, K W Walton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

The ultrastructure of the synovial membrane has been studied in 6 patients with seronegative inflammatory arthropathies: Reiter's (2), Crohn's (2), Whipple's (1) and Behcet's disease (1). The most striking changes were found in the synovial B cells, many containing abnormally large mitochondria with altered cristae surrounded by fibrillar material. Similar material was present in dilated endoplasmic reticulum which was the probable source of groups of extracellular fibrillar spheroidal bodies. The B cells also contained electron dense granular lysosomes of very variable size which, in common with the abnormal mitochondria, were often associated with bundles of orientated microfilaments and large golgi complexes. Light microscopy of the synovial membrane was consistent with an inflammatory arthritis, as were the high white cell counts in the synovial fluid. Systemic activity in the patients was indicated by raised ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Use of an α-Glucosidase Inhibitor and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Diabetes: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Yao-Hsien Tseng, Yu-Tse Tsan, Wei-Cheng Chan, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, Pau-Chung Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, has been shown to have antineoplastic effects on colorectal cancer in biomarker studies. We assessed the association between acarbose use in patients with diabetes and incident colorectal cancer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide, population-based study using a large cohort with diabetes in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 1,343,484) were enrolled between 1998 and 2010. One control subject not using acarbose was randomly selected for each subject using acarbose after matching for age, sex, diabetes onset, and comorbidities. Cox proportional hazards regression with a competing risks analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association between acarbose use and incident colorectal cancer for each eligible case-control pair (n = 199,296). RESULTS There were 1,332 incident cases of colorectal cancer in the cohort with diabetes during the follow-up period of 1,487,136 person-years. The overall incidence rate was 89.6 cases per 100,000 person-years. Patients treated with acarbose had a 27% reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer compared with control subjects. The adjusted HRs were 0.73 (95% CI 0.63–0.83), 0.69 (0.59–0.82), and 0.46 (0.37–0.58) for patients using &amp;gt;0 to &amp;lt;90, 90 to 364, and ≥365 cumulative defined daily doses of acarbose, respectively, compared with subjects who did not use acarbose (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Acarbose use reduced the risk of incident colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes in a dose-dependent manner.
Adult Diagnostic and Functional Outcomes of DSM-5 Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Authors: William E. Copeland, Lilly Shanahan, Helen Egger, Adrian Angold, E. Jane Costello
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2014)

Objective Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new disorder for DSM-5 that is uncommon and frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Here, the authors test whether meeting diagnostic criteria for this disorder in childhood predicts adult diagnostic and functional outcomes. Method In a prospective, population-based study, individuals were assessed with structured interviews up to six times in childhood and adolescence (ages 10 to 16 years; 5,336 observations of 1,420 youths) for symptoms of DMDD and three times in young adulthood (ages 19, 21, and 24–26 years; 3,215 observations of 1,273 young adults) for psychiatric and functional outcomes (health, risky/illegal behavior, financial/educational functioning, and social functioning). Results Young adults with a history of childhood DMDD had elevated rates of anxiety and depression and were more likely to meet criteria for more than one adult disorder relative to comparison subjects with no history of childhood psychiatric disorders (noncases) or individuals meeting criteria for psychiatric disorders other than DMDD in childhood or adolescence (psychiatric comparison subjects). Participants with a history of DMDD were more likely to have adverse health outcomes, be impoverished, have reported police contact, and have low educational attainment as adults compared with either psychiatric or noncase comparison subjects. Conclusions The long-term prognosis of children with DMDD is one of pervasive impaired functioning that in many cases is worse than that of other childhood psychiatric disorders.
Effect of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Inhibition with STI571 on Radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz, Michio Abe, Kristian Pietras, Zbigniew P. Kortylewicz, Takashi Kurizaki, Jessica Nearman, Janna Paulsson, R. Lee Mosley, Charles A. Enke, Arne Östman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Whereas radioimmunotherapy of hematologic malignancies has evolved into a viable treatment option, the responses of solid tumors to radioimmunotherapy are discouraging. The likely cause of this problem is the interstitial hypertension inherent to all solid tumors. Remarkable improvements in tumor responses to radioimmunotherapy were discovered after the inclusion of STI571 in the therapy regimen. A combination of the tumor stroma–reactive STI571, a potent platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFr-β) antagonist, and the tumor-seeking radiolabeled antibody B72.3 yielded long-lasting growth arrest of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma LS174T grown as s.c. xenografts in athymic mice. The interaction of STI571 with the stromal PDGFr-β reduced tumor interstitial fluid pressure (PIF) by &amp;gt;50% and in so doing improved the uptake of B72.3. The attenuation of PIF also had a positive effect on the homogeneity of antibody distribution. These effects were dose-dependent and under optimized dosing conditions allowed for a 2.45 times increase in the tumor uptake of B72.3 as determined in the biodistribution studies. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging studies substantiated these results and indicated that the homogeneity of the radioisotope distribution was also much improved when compared with the control mice. The increased uptake of radioimmunotherapy into the tumor resulted in &amp;gt;400% increase in the tumor absorbed radiation doses in STI571 + radioimmunotherapy–treated mice compared with PBS + radioimmunotherapy–treated mice. The improved antibody uptake in response to the attenuation of tumor PIF was identified as the primary reason for the growth arrest of the STI571 + radioimmunotherapy–treated tumors. Two related causes were also identified: (a) the improved homogeneity of monoclonal antibody distribution in tumor and (b) the increased tumor radiosensitivity resulting from the improved tumor oxygenation.
Testing for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Lung Cancer: Have We Learned Anything From HER-2 Testing?
Authors: Hadi Yaziji, Allen M. Gown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

on the correlation between theexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) andprognosis in non–small-cell lung carcinoma. A number ofobservationsareworthmentioning.Inthetechnicalpartofthestudy, the authors chose to use tissue microarrays (TMA).Given the real and perceived heterogeneity of EGFR distribu-tion in tumor sections, as we routinely encounter in our prac-tice, the use of an entire tissue section may have been moreaccurate in scoring the results, particularly because no studyhas yet validated the applicability of TMA for EGFR testing byimmunohistochemistry (IHC) and ﬂuorescence in situ hy-bridization (FISH). This is especially relevant given that pub-lishedstudiesalreadydocumentedsigniﬁcantheterogeneityofEGFR expression when examined on tissue sections.