tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE CONSTANT INFUSION AND URINE COLLECTION TECHNIQUES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION 1
Authors: Eugene Y. Berger, Saul J. Farber, David P. Earle, Rosalyn Jackenthal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)

For any exogenous substance which is neither metabolized, stored nor excreted otherwise than in the urine, the rate of excretion must be equal to the rate of infusion under conditions where its plasma level and volume of distribution are constant.This steady state, as indicated by a constant plasma level, will be designated infusion equilibrium.A simplified method for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate and the effective renal plasma flow based upon the above principle has been described elsewhere (1).In the application of the principle, the rate of infusion, IV (where I is the concentration in mg. per ml. of infusion fluid and V is the volume of fluid injected in ml. per minute), can be substituted for the rate of excre- tion, UV, in the clearance calculation, i.e., IV/P = UV/P.The procedure, therefore, obviates the necessity of bladder catheterization and the errors inherent in urine collection.The. study presented here embodies further ob- servations, obtained under normal and abnormal circumstances, on the correlation of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid clearances as measured by urine collections with those measured simultane- ously by the infusion technique, and on the appli- cation of the infusion technique to the measure- ment of p-aminohippuric acid Tm. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREGlomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were estimated from the clearances (2, 3) of inulin and p- aminohippurate (PAH) 2 by the usual urine collection technique involving the use of a multi-eyed catheter and
Recent developments: Travel medicine
Authors: J. N Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The manner in which healthcare and medical professionals serve their athlete patients is governed by a variety of relevant codes of conduct. A range of codified rules is presented that refer both the welfare of the patient and the maintaining of confidentiality, which is at the heart of trustworthy relations. The 2009 version of the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC), however, appears to oblige all healthcare professionals not to assist athletes if they are known to be engaged in doping behaviours under fear of removal from working with athletes from the respective sports. In contrast, serving the best interests of their athlete patients may oblige healthcare professionals to give advice and guidance, not least in terms of harm minimisation. In so far as the professional conduct of a healthcare professional is guided both by professional code and World Anti-Doping Code, they are obliged to fall foul of one or the other. We call for urgent and pressing inter-professional dialogue with the World Anti-Doping Agency to clarify this situation.
Emergency Room Standards
Authors: John S. Hoppock
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Berger's letter concerning the competency of emergency room physicians demonstrated a parochial ignorance of standards of practice elsewhere, as well as a disregard of proper medical economics and priorities. Having trained in New York (Columbia, 1976), I am well aware of that city's many deficiencies. In other parts of the country, however, the situation is quite different. There are even emergency room physicians who think of themselves as specialists and take pride in their diagnostic acumen. They would no sooner admit a patient in stable condition with chest pain directly to the coronary care unit than they would cast a tender wrist without taking roentgenograms or arrange surgery based on acute abdominal pain without performing a rectal examination and obtaining appropriate laboratory and roentgenologic studies. The emergency department at this hospital is as well-staffed and wellequipped as the coronary care unit or intensive care unit, and
Racial Differences in Metabolic Control of Children and Adolescents With Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alan M Delamater, Dawn R Albrecht, Daniel C Postellon, James P Gutai
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective This study evaluated racial differences in the metabolic control of children and adolescents with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus and examined the interactive effects of race with age and sex. Research Design and Methods Data on several demographic and clinical variables were obtained for 102 black and 108 white children, including the percentage of total HbA1, age, age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes, pubertal status, insulin dose (U · kg−1 · day−1), body mass index, number of clinic visits kept and missed, number of hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) for the year, and socioeconomic status (SES). Results Black children had higher insulin dosages (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and lower SESs (P &amp;lt; 0.001) than white children. HbA1 was higher in black than white children (P &amp;lt; 0.01) after statistically adjusting for the effects of insulin dose, diabetes duration, and SES. With HbA1-based criteria, more black than white children were in poor and fewer in good metabolic control (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Older children (≥ to 13 yr) had higher HbA1 levels than younger (&amp;lt; 13 yr) children (P &amp;lt; 0.002), but there were no differences in HbA1 between males and females nor were there interactive effects of race, sex, and age-group. Black children were hospitalized for DKA more frequently than white children (P &amp;lt; 0.04). More black than white children missed clinic visits (P &amp;lt; 0.01), but they did not differ in number of visits kept. Conclusions Black youths with type I diabetes mellitus are in poorer metabolic control than white youths.
A fifth of medical students object to abortion for congenital abnormality
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An agency that counsels women on unwanted pregnancy has said it is vital that training on abortion is included in the medical school curriculum after findings from a study suggested that many students might not understand the reasons why women seek a termination.

The British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS) was responding to reports of a study that collected the views of medical students on specific scenarios, such as abortion for failed contraception, fetal anomaly, or rape of a minor; offering contraceptive services; treating a patient who was drunk or high on drugs; and carrying out an intimate examination on a patient of the opposite sex.

The study asked 1437 medical students from Cardiff, London, and Leeds to complete a questionnaire and 733 responded (response rate of 51%). It has thrown up some …
The journey: Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mary G Baker, Lizzie Graham
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To receive a diagnosis of a chronic neurological illness is the beginning of a long journey into the unknown—a journey that may begin in hope, pass through periods of elation and frustration, and finally end in acceptance and resignation. We would like you to come with us part of the way along the journey of Parkinson's disease, seen from the point of view of those who are compelled to make it—the patients and their carers.

When we begin any journey, we need a map. We need to pack and prepare for the journey. We need to know what to expect along the way. The telling of the diagnosis and the explanation of the disease and its treatment form just such a map. And, like the maps of the medieval world, the map of Parkinson's disease is full of unknown territories and nameless threats. Small wonder that the telling of the diagnosis is so difficult. But it is so important and is one of the things that patients repeatedly say could be done better.

Patients tell us that the diagnosis is not always given in such a way that they can take it in, adjust to it, and decipher what it really means. The telling of the diagnosis often has to be repeated—most people are so shocked and confused by what they hear that they may be struggling to make sense of it and too stunned to ask the right questions. In the extremes of distress, people may hear what they want to hear or get the wrong message altogether. In trying to allay patient's fears, professionals may be guilty of misinformation.



Wilhelm von Humboldt, a famous German academic reformer, humanist scholar, and statesman, in his letters from 1828 until his death in 1835, described the manifestations of Parkinson's disease precisely …
Relief of pain by infusion of morphine after operation: does tolerance develop?
Authors: H Marshall, C Porteous, I McMillan, S G MacPherson, W S Nimmo
Journal: BMJ (1985)

To see whether continuous intravenous infusion of opiates provides more effective postoperative relief of pain than conventional intramuscular injection these regimens were compared in a prospective double blind trial. Thirty patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were allocated randomly to receive an infusion of morphine or an infusion of placebo (control group) for 24 hours. Both groups were allowed supplementary morphine boluses as requested. During the first 48 hours after operation the degree of pain was almost identical between the groups. Surprisingly, the group that was given the infusion of morphine received as much supplementary morphine as the control group during the first 24 hours and appreciably more during the 24 hours after the infusion had been withdrawn. Nausea and vomiting were more prevalent among the patients given the infusion of morphine. These results suggest that continuous infusion of morphine may be an inferior regimen to intermittent bolus administration in the relief of postoperative pain. This may be explained by the development of tolerance in patients who received the infusion of morphine.
Infection Prevention and Comparative Effectiveness Research
Authors: Eli N. Perencevich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) −344 C/T polymorphism is associated with left ventricular structure in human arterial hypertension
Authors: Christian Delles, Jeanette Erdmann, Johannes Jacobi, Karl F Hilgers, Eckart Fleck, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Roland E Schmieder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Belladonna in Incontinence of Urine
Authors: T. T. Griffith
Journal: BMJ (1859)

Although, however, the soft parts covering the vertex of the fmetus were beginning to descend toward the outlet, I could entertain no hope that a spontaneous righting of the position of the uterus wouldl take place, or the child be safely born by the natural expulsive efforts, for with every pain the fundus descended, and there was reason to fear that it might be forced tlhrough the vulva, pushing before it the posterior wall of the vagina.The prospect of such a form of procidentia uteri was by no means an agreeable one.As there could be no doubt of the death of the child, the thought presented itself of perforating and bringiing down the head by some form of crochet.But no suitable instrument was at hand, and there was no time to be lost in sending for one.Iu this emergency, a mode of treatment occurred to me which formed the only novelty in this case.The child's head, although the scalp was to some extent forced down behind the symphysis pubis, was still, during each pain, distinctly per- ceptilble, tlhrough the abdominal parietes, above the pubes.I thought thlat, while vith two fingers of the left hand in the rectum, malkiug steady uipward pressure on the fundus of the ~~~~1 '~~~~~~~, i1POSITION OF 'filE PARTS, AND TilE, MODE or TREATMENT E11PLOYED.A. F'undus utteri.1.Os mieni chiild's head protruding, covered by membranes.L1). Rectum.I-oioniiitorv of Sacrum.
IL‐10 promoter and <i>IL4‐R</i><i>α</i> gene SNPs are associated with immediate <i>β</i>‐lactam allergy in atopic women
Authors: L. Guglielmi, C. Fontaine, C. Gougat, O. Avinens, J.‐F. Eliaou, P. Guglielmi, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Allergic reactions to β ‐lactam antibiotics represent the most frequent cause of immunological drug reactions. Objective: This study evaluates the involvement of genetic susceptibility factors in patients with immediate allergic reactions to β ‐lactams. We examined 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes coding proteins implicated in immunoglobulin (Ig)E synthesis regulation. Methods: We performed a case–control study involving 44 patients with immediate β ‐lactam allergy and 44 control subjects, all matched for sex and atopy. Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13, IL‐4R α , signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), interferon (IFN)‐ γ R1, IFN‐ γ R2 and Fc ɛ RI β gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism, and IL‐21R gene and IL‐10 promoter polymorphisms by direct sequencing. Results: Our analysis did not reveal differences in the distribution of the 15 SNPs between allergic patients and controls. However, among atopic subjects, we found two distinct significant associations between immediate β ‐lactam allergy in women and the Ile75Val variant of IL‐4R α gene ( P = 0.012, OR = 5.4, CI: 1.16–27.7), and two linked IL‐10 promoter gene polymorphisms, −819C&gt;T and −592 C&gt;A ( P = 0.023, OR = 17.5, CI: 1.26–533.07). In contrast, we observed no association in allergic male subjects in the atopic population. Interestingly, the IL‐4R α Ile75Val variant could have a paradoxal protective effect in atopic male patients ( P = 0.004, OR = 0.07, CI: 0.01–0.66). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the IL‐10 promoter and IL‐4R α genes are genetic factors that favour β ‐lactam immediate allergies in female patients with atopy.
TCT-259 Impact of Stent Edge Plaque Burden on Lumen Preservation After DES Implantation: A 3D-IVUS Analysis from the J-DESsERT Trial
Authors: Hideki Kitahara, Katsuhisa Waseda, Kenji Sakamoto, Ryotaro Yamada, Ching-Chang Huang, Daisaku Nakatani, Kenji Sakata, Osami Kawarada, Paul Yock, Yutaka Matsuyama, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masato Nakamura, Toshiya Muramatsu, Shinsuke Nanto, Peter Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Have pacemakers found their way into too many patients?
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A group of Brooklyn, NY, cardiologists has evidence that a nonbinding peer review system can reverse the dramatic expansion of an expensive technology—pacemaker implantation. The financial impact of such a retrenchment is potentially quite large, concluded Howard S. Friedman, MD, chief of cardiology at The Brooklyn Hospital, in his presentation at the recent meeting of the American Federation for Clinical Research in Washington, DC. "If this result can be extrapolated nationally, the health care cost due to pacemaker implantation can be reduced by several hundred million dollars per year," he said. Friedman explained that this estimate is based on a total first-year cost for pacemaker implantation of approximately $5,000. Several members of the audience praised the study but raised questions about patients who did not receive pacemakers subsequent to formation of the peer review committee. "What have you done to the survival of those who would have received the pacemaker
LOEWI'S ADRENALIN MYDRIASIS AS A SIGN OF PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: W. L. Cockcroft
Journal: BMJ (1920)

This' point of view of course is not new, but it seemis probable tlhat more miglht be done, botlh proplhylactically aild therapeutically, if closer attention were paid to the normal meclhanisms of body protection.
Intraluminal vapor bubble induced by excimer laser pulse causes microsecond arterial dilation and invagination leading to extensive wall damage in the rabbit.
Authors: T G van Leeuwen, J H Meertens, E Velema, M J Post, C Borst
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that during excimer laser ablation of aortic tissue in saline, a fast-expanding and imploding vapor bubble is formed. The present in vivo study was designed to demonstrate the formation of a fast-expanding intraluminal bubble in flowing blood and to assess any damage to the adjacent arterial wall. METHODS AND RESULTS Excimer laser pulses (one to 10, at 55 mJ/mm2 per pulse) were delivered coaxially in the femoral and iliac arteries of nine normal rabbits. Time-resolved flash photography of dissected arteries in situ demonstrated a 50% diameter increase within 75 microseconds after the laser pulse and a subsequent invagination (150-500 microseconds) that corresponded with the temporal course of the bubble expansion (up to 3.2 mm in diameter) and implosion observed in a hemoglobin solution. One day after laser light delivery, light microscopy (47 arterial segments) showed abrasion of the internal elastic lamina, medial necrosis, and extensive dissection planes filled with red blood cells. The degree (up to 100% medial necrosis) and extent of damage (up to 1.9 mm in length) increased with the number of delivered laser pulses. CONCLUSIONS In blood, each excimer laser pulse generated a fast-expanding and imploding vapor bubble. In vivo, the intraluminal vapor bubble produced microsecond dilation and invagination of the adjacent arterial segment, which induced dissections and extensive wall damage far beyond the penetration depth of 308-nm laser light (&lt; 100 microns). This unique pattern of extensive wall damage observed in the rabbit might explain the mechanism of dissection observed in humans and might have an impact on the acute and chronic outcome after excimer laser coronary angioplasty.
Abstract 5216: Epigenetic characterization and specific targeting of breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Huiping Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metastasis causes 90% of the mortality associated with solid tumors, such as breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis remain poorly understood and no effective approaches are available to cure metastasis. The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties, has brought us a new perspective on cancer, including leukemia and solid tumors. CSCs are proposed to mediate cancer relapse and metastasis due to their resistance to conventional therapies. Our work has demonstrated that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are able to mediate spontaneous lung metastases in human-in-mouse xenograft models. We have also identified that miR-30c, a human breast tumour prognostic marker, regulates both invasion and chemo-resistance, through targeting TWF1, VIM, and downstream IL-11. TWF1 encodes an actin-binding protein and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). An IL-6 family member, IL-11 was identified as a secondary target of TWF1 in the miR-30c signalling pathway. Expression of miR-30c inversely correlated with TWF1 and IL-11 levels in primary breast tumors and low IL-11 correlated with relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients. Our study demonstrates that miR-30c is transcriptionally regulated by GATA3 in breast tumors. Identification of a novel miRNA-mediated pathway that regulates chemo-resistance in breast cancer will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Future ongoing interactive basic and translational research directions include: (1) to understand CSCs using cutting-edge single cell sequencing technology and functional studies; (2) to image CSCs (their dynamic behavior and interactions with immune cells and non-CSCs) during metastasis using bioluminescence imaging and intravital imaging systems; and (3) to target CSCs with novel therapeutics delivered by nanoparticles. Citation Format: Huiping Liu. Epigenetic characterization and specific targeting of breast cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5216. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5216
Beneficial Effects of Colestipol-Niacin on Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Linda Cashin-Hemphill
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) was a randomized, placebo-controlled, angiographic trial testing combined colestipol-niacin therapy in 162 subjects. Two-year results (CLAS-I) showed decreased atherosclerosis progression and increased regression. We now describe a subgroup of 103 subjects treated for 4 years (CLAS-II). Changes in blood lipid, lipoproteincholesterol, and apolipoprotein levels were maintained, and at 4 years significantly more drug-treated subjects demonstrated nonprogression (52% drug- vs 15% placebo-treated) and regression (18% drug- vs 6% placebo-treated) in native coronary artery lesions. Significantly fewer drug-treated subjects developed new lesions in native coronary arteries (14% drug- vs 40% placebo-treated) and bypass grafts (16% drug- vs 38% placebo-treated). These results confirm CLAS-I findings and indicate that regression can continue for 4 years. They reaffirm the need for early initiation of vigorous long-term lipid lowering therapy in coronary bypass subjects. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:3013-3017)