tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of anti-dsDNA as a diagnostic tool.
Authors: K C McHardy, J A Rennie, I M Reid, C H Horne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

SIR, Professor Duthie misunderstands the purpose of our study, which was to examine the mechanism of the iron promoted synovial flare and not to evaluate the efficacy of this form of treatment of rheumatoid anaemia.As our article and Professor Duthie's letter point out many authors have described the synovial flare.We suggest that the reaction is mediated by iron (rather than dextran) promoted lipid peroxidation.I have no criticism of Professor Duthie's haematological observations and failed to quote them only because our article did not address this issue.However, I would take the opportunity of describing the results of a study that was omitted from professor Duthie's extensive list of references.Bentley and Williams' gave iron dextran
Endothelin-1 plays a major role in portal hypertension of biliary cirrhotic rats through endothelin receptor subtype B together with subtype A in vivo
Authors: Hideyuki Kojima, Shinya Sakurai, Shigeki Kuriyama, Hitoshi Yoshiji, Hiroo Imazu, Masahito Uemura, Yoshihiro Nakatani, Jyunichi Yamao, Hiroshi Fukui
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Kidney Vascular Development
Authors: Paul B. Freeburg, Dale R. Abrahamson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

Among the genes strongly induced by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and highly expressed during kidney microvascular development is vascular endothelial growth factor, which encodes a potent endothelial mitogen and chemoattractant critical for embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In developing kidney, glomerular podocytes are particularly rich sources of vascular endothelial growth factor, which probably serves to attract endothelial precursors into vascular clefts of immature glomeruli, promote their mitosis and differentiation into glomerular endothelial cells, and assist with maintenance of their highly differentiated state through maturation. This article summarizes the structure, function, and expression of HIF and discusses HIF target genes expressed during kidney vascular development. Furthermore, it is speculated that different HIF heterodimers are stabilized in different cell populations, which may lead to cell-selective induction of HIF target genes important for renal vasculogenesis/angiogenesis.
Mutations in the glucose-6-phosphatase gene are associated with glycogen storage disease types 1a and 1aSP but not 1b and 1c.
Authors: K J Lei, L L Shelly, B Lin, J B Sidbury, Y T Chen, R C Nordlie, J Y Chou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1, which is caused by the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), is an autosomal recessive disease with heterogenous symptoms. Two models of G6Pase catalysis have been proposed to explain the observed heterogeneities. The translocase-catalytic unit model proposes that five GSD type 1 subgroups exist which correspond to defects in the G6Pase catalytic unit (1a), a stabilizing protein (1aSP), the glucose-6-P (1b), phosphate/pyrophosphate (1c), and glucose (1d) translocases. Conversely, the conformation-substrate-transport model suggests that G6Pase is a single multifunctional membrane channel protein possessing both catalytic and substrate (or product) transport activities. We have recently demonstrated that mutations in the G6Pase catalytic unit cause GSD type 1a. To elucidate whether mutations in the G6Pase gene are responsible for other GSD type 1 subgroups, we characterized the G6Pase gene of GSD type 1b, 1c, and 1aSP patients. Our results show that the G6Pase gene of GSD type 1b and 1c patients is normal, consistent with the translocase-catalytic unit model of G6Pase catalysis. However, a mutation in exon 2 that converts an Arg at codon 83 to a Cys (R83C) was identified in both G6Pase alleles of the type 1aSP patient. The R83C mutation was also demonstrated in one homozygous and five heterogenous GSD type 1a patients, indicating that type 1aSP is a misclassification of GSD type 1a. We have also analyzed the G6Pase gene of seven additional type 1a patients and uncovered two new mutations that cause GSD type 1a.
Aberrant Hyperactivation of Akt and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling in Sporadic Chordomas
Authors: Sangyeul Han, Carolyn Polizzano, Gunnlaugur P. Nielsen, Francis J. Hornicek, Andrew E. Rosenberg, Vijaya Ramesh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Chordomas are rare, malignant bone neoplasms in which the pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. Interestingly, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is the only syndrome in which the incidence of chordomas has been described. We previously reported the pathogenic role of the TSC genes in TSC-associated chordomas. In this study, we investigated whether aberrant TSC/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is associated with sporadic chordomas.We assessed the status of mTORC1 signaling in primary tumors/cell lines of sacral chordomas and further examined upstream of mTORC1 signaling, including the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten) tumor suppressor. We also tested the efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin on signaling and growth of chordoma cell lines.Sporadic sacral chordoma tumors and cell lines examined commonly displayed hyperactivated Akt and mTORC1 signaling. Strikingly, expression of PTEN, a negative regulator of mTORC1 signaling, was not detected or significantly reduced in chordoma-derived cell lines and primary tumors. Furthermore, rapamycin inhibited mTORC1 activation and suppressed proliferation of chordoma-derived cell line.Our results suggest that loss of PTEN as well as other genetic alterations that result in constitutive activation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling may contribute to the development of sporadic chordomas. More importantly, a combination of Akt and mTORC1 inhibition may provide clinical benefits to chordoma patients.
Blood System Formation in the Urochordate Ciona intestinalis Requires the Variable Receptor vCRL1
Authors: F. Sommer, S. Awazu, F. Anton-Erxleben, D. Jiang, A. V. Klimovich, B. V. Klimovich, M. P. Samoilovich, Y. Satou, M. Kruss, C. Gelhaus, U. Kurn, T. C. G. Bosch, K. Khalturin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Adaptive immune systems are present only in vertebrates. How do all the remaining animals withstand continuous attacks of permanently evolving pathogens? Even in the absence of adaptive immunity, every organism must be able to unambiguously distinguish "self" cells from any imaginable "nonself." Here, we analyzed the function of highly polymorphic gene vCRL1, which is expressed in follicle and blood cells of Ciona intestinalis, pointing to possible recognition roles either during fertilization or in immune reactions. By using segregation analysis, we demonstrate that vCRL1 locus is not involved in the control of self-sterility. Interestingly, genetic knockdown of vCRL1 in all tissues or specifically in hemocytes results in a drastic developmental arrest during metamorphosis exactly when blood system formation in Ciona normally occurs. Our data demonstrate that vCRL1 gene might be essential for the establishment of a functional blood system in Ciona. Presumably, presence of the vCRL1 receptor on the surface of blood cells renders them as self, whereas any cell lacking it is referred to as nonself and will be consequently destroyed. We propose that individual-specific receptor vCRL1 might be utilized to facilitate somatic self/nonself discrimination.
Early and Mid-Term Results of Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Unprotected Left Main
Authors: Alaide Chieffo, Goran Stankovic, Erminio Bonizzoni, Eleftheria Tsagalou, Ioannis Iakovou, Matteo Montorfano, Flavio Airoldi, Iassen Michev, Massimo Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Mauro Carlino, Giancarlo Vitrella, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention in unprotected left main (ULM) coronary arteries are still a matter of debate. Methods and Results— All consecutive patients who had a sirolimus-eluting stent (Cypher, Cordis, Johnson and Johnson Co) or a paclitaxel-eluting stent (Taxus, Boston Scientific) electively implanted in de novo lesions on unprotected left main were analyzed. Patients treated with a drug-eluting stent (DES) were compared with the historical group of consecutive patients treated with bare metal stent (BMS). Eighty-five patients were treated with DES; 64 had BMS implantation. Patients treated with DES had lower ejection fractions (51.1±11% versus 57.4±13%, P =0.002) and were more often diabetics (21.2% versus 10.9%, P =0.12) with more frequent distal left main involvement (81.2% versus 57.8%, P =0.003). Furthermore, in the DES group, smaller vessels (3.33±0.6 versus 3.7±0.7 mm, respectively; P =0.0001) with more lesions (2.94±1.6 versus 2.25±1.3, P =0.004) and vessels (2.03±0.69 versus 1.8±0.72, P =0.05) were treated with longer stents (24.3±12 versus 15.8±8.6 mm, P =0.0001). Despite the higher-risk patients and lesion profiles in the DES group, the incidence of major cardiac events at a 6-month clinical follow-up was lower in the DES than in the BMS group (20.0% versus 35.9%, respectively; P =0.039). Moreover, cardiac deaths occurred in 3 DES patients (3.5%), as compared with 6 (9.3%) in the BMS group ( P =0.17). Conclusions— In this early experience with DES in unprotected left main, this procedure appears safe with favorable and improved clinical results as compared with historical control subjects with a BMS. A randomized study comparing surgery appears justified at present.
Sentinel-lymph-node biopsy in patients with breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (SENTINA): a prospective, multicentre cohort study
Authors: Thorsten Kuehn, Ingo Bauerfeind, Tanja Fehm, Barbara Fleige, Maik Hausschild, Gisela Helms, Annette Lebeau, Cornelia Liedtke, Gunter von Minckwitz, Valentina Nekljudova, Sabine Schmatloch, Peter Schrenk, Annette Staebler, Michael Untch
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation
Authors: Valentina Tremaroli, Fredrik Karlsson, Malin Werling, Marcus Ståhlman, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Torsten Olbers, Lars Fändriks, Carel W. le Roux, Jens Nielsen, Fredrik Bäckhed
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)

Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective procedure for the treatment of obesity. Given the role of the gut microbiota in regulating host metabolism and adiposity, we investigated the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on the microbiome of patients randomized to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or vertical banded gastroplasty and matched for weight and fat mass loss. The two surgical procedures induced similar and durable changes on the gut microbiome that were not dependent on body mass index and resulted in altered levels of fecal and circulating metabolites compared with obese controls. By colonizing germ-free mice with stools from the patients, we demonstrated that the surgically altered microbiota promoted reduced fat deposition in recipient mice. These mice also had a lower respiratory quotient, indicating decreased utilization of carbohydrates as fuel. Our results suggest that the gut microbiota may play a direct role in the reduction of adiposity observed after bariatric surgery.
Suprapubic Prostatectomy or Mcgill's Operation: With Report of a Series of 12 Cases
Authors: A. W. M. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1894)

ing urine by urethra.Patient died in third week when apparently recovering.Post mortem.Suppuration be- tween bladder and rectum extending into meso-sigmoid and meso-rectum.WouLd healthy and nearly closed, and no irritation around or near it.Large fasciculated and sacculated bladder free from cystitis.Aortic disease and granular kidney.No.
Ectopic subpleural fat deposition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis correlates with radiographic extension of fibrosis
Authors: Tatiana Lamon, Camille Taillé, Marie Pierre Debray, Carine Roy, Laurent Plantier, Candice Estellat, Michel Aubier, Bruno Crestani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathophysiology of visceral fibrosis, but this has not been studied in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).  Methods: we evaluated 39 untreated IPF patients, at diagnosis, and 31 control subjects without lung disease. We measured on chest CT the volume of mediastinal fat and the number of areas where the thickness of subpleural fat was >1mm. Subpleural fat was measured at 3 levels (aortic arch, carina and the right inferior pulmonary vein), in three zones (paravertebral, anterior and posterior quadrants) and on the left and right sides (a total of 18 measures for each patient).  Results: patients were older (71±9 vs 64±15 years) with a higher BMI (27±3 vs 24±4 kg/m2). Mediastinal fat volume was increased in IPF patients (391±156 ml vs 261±149 ml, p=0.0007), correlated with BMI in IPF and controls. Subpleural fat was detected in all IPF vs 19/31 (61%) controls (p  Conclusion: IPF is associated with increased mediastinal fat volume and with ectopic subpleural fat deposition, the latter being independent of BMI and correlated to the radiographic extension of fibrosis.
Do the radiological changes of classic ankylosing spondylitis differ from the changes found in the spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and reactive arthritis?
Authors: P S Helliwell, P Hickling, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> In 1971 McEwen and colleagues suggested that the radiological changes of classic ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and the changes of the spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease differ in several respects from the radiological features of psoriatic and reactive spondylitis. The findings of this study have never been confirmed. The aim of this study was to replicate the McEwen study comparing films blinded to diagnostic group. <h3>METHODS</h3> The study population comprised 91 patients with classic AS, 15 patients with regional enteritis, 16 patients with ulcerative colitis, five patients with sexually acquired reactive arthritis, two with post-dysenteric arthritis, and 34 with psoriatic arthritis. Blinded reading of spinal radiographs was undertaken, scoring for severity, symmetry, paravertebral ossification, size of syndesmophytes, ligamentous calcification, squaring, discitis, pseudo-fractures, zygoapophyseal joint involvement, and complete ankylosis. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Comparison of the four groups—classic, enteropathic, psoriatic, and reactive AS— showed differences with respect to symmetry of sacroiliitis, symmetry of lumbar spinal involvement, and frequency and size of syndesmophytes. Zygoapophyseal joint involvement was more frequent in the lumbar spine in classic and enteropathic spondylitis but no between group differences were found with respect to symphisitis, squaring, apophyseal joint involvement and ligamentous calcification in the lumbar spine, and other areas. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Some of the radiological differences described by McEwen <i>et al</i>, notably the asymmetry, the less severe changes, and the distinctive syndesmophytes in psoriasis, have been confirmed. A number of hypotheses are proposed to explain these differences including biomechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors.
Ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: an open-label, phase 2 trial
Authors: Kim Margolin, Marc S Ernstoff, Omid Hamid, Donald Lawrence, David McDermott, Igor Puzanov, Jedd D Wolchok, Joseph I Clark, Mario Sznol, Theodore F Logan, Jon Richards, Tracy Michener, Agnes Balogh, Kevin N Heller, F Stephen Hodi
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Actual pentamidine dose delivered by Respigard II nebulizer
Authors: CS Kim, L Garcia, A Wanner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The Respigard II nebulizer system is the approved method to deliver pentamidine aerosols in the USA. Although continuous operation of the nebulizer until dryness is a designated regimen, the actual pentamidine dose delivered under the operating condition has not been thoroughly studied. Pentamidine solutions (300 mg in 6 mL water) were nebulized continuously with the Respigard II nebulizer system until dryness (40 min operation). Aerosols were delivered to the lower airways via an oropharyngeal model and sampled on a filter with a standard breathing mode of 20 breaths.min-1 frequency and 750 mL tidal volume. Intermediate samples were also obtained for the initial 20 min delivery. The pentamidine dose delivered to the mouth was 1.6% of the dose placed in the nebulizer. Of the dose delivered to the mouth, 92% was delivered during the initial 20 min period. Aerosol loss in the oropharyngeal model was 15% of the dose delivered to the mouth or 0.24% of the dose initially placed in the nebulizer. Pentamidine dose delivered to the lower airways was a very small fraction of the initial dose in the nebulizer. A partial delivery for the initial 20 min was nearly comparable to complete delivery.
Revival of carbocisteine for prevention of COPD exacerbations
Authors: P Parulekar, A Yavari
Journal: Thorax (2008)

This Chinese multicentre double-blind study assessed whether carbocisteine, a mucolytic agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, could reduce exacerbation rates in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 709 patients with COPD were randomised to receive 1500 mg carbocisteine or placebo daily for 1 year. The patients …
Genomic and Expression Profiling of Chromosome 17 in Breast Cancer Reveals Complex Patterns of Alterations and Novel Candidate Genes
Authors: Béatrice Orsetti, Mélanie Nugoli, Nathalie Cervera, Laurence Lasorsa, Paul Chuchana, Lisa Ursule, Catherine Nguyen, Richard Redon, Stanislas du Manoir, Carmen Rodriguez, Charles Theillet
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Chromosome 17 is severely rearranged in breast cancer. Whereas the short arm undergoes frequent losses, the long arm harbors complex combinations of gains and losses. In this work we present a comprehensive study of quantitative anomalies at chromosome 17 by genomic array-comparative genomic hybridization and of associated RNA expression changes by cDNA arrays. We built a genomic array covering the entire chromosome at an average density of 1 clone per 0.5 Mb, and patterns of gains and losses were characterized in 30 breast cancer cell lines and 22 primary tumors. Genomic profiles indicated severe rearrangements. Compiling data from all samples, we subdivided chromosome 17 into 13 consensus segments: 4 regions showing mainly losses, 6 regions showing mainly gains, and 3 regions showing either gains or losses. Within these segments, smallest regions of overlap were defined (17 for gains and 16 for losses). Expression profiles were analyzed by means of cDNA arrays comprising 358 known genes at 17q. Comparison of expression changes with quantitative anomalies revealed that about half of the genes were consistently affected by copy number changes. We identified 85 genes overexpressed when gained (39 of which mapped within the smallest regions of overlap), 67 genes underexpressed when lost (32 of which mapped to minimal intervals of losses), and, interestingly, 32 genes showing reduced expression when gained. Candidate genes identified in this study belong to very diverse functional groups, and a number of them are novel candidates.
The Role of Bacteria in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Phillip L. Molyneaux, Michael J. Cox, Saffron A. G. Willis-Owen, Patrick Mallia, Kirsty E. Russell, Anne-Marie Russell, Elissa Murphy, Sebastian L. Johnston, David A. Schwartz, Athol U. Wells, William O. C. Cookson, Toby M. Maher, Miriam F. Moffatt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease of unknown cause that leads to respiratory failure and death within 5 years of diagnosis. Overt respiratory infection and immunosuppression carry a high morbidity and mortality, and polymorphisms in genes related to epithelial integrity and host defense predispose to IPF.To investigate the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis and progression of IPF.We prospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with IPF according to international criteria together with healthy smokers, nonsmokers, and subjects with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as control subjects. Subjects underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), from which genomic DNA was isolated. The V3-V5 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified, allowing quantification of bacterial load and identification of communities by 16S rRNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing.Sixty-five patients with IPF had double the burden of bacteria in BAL fluid compared with 44 control subjects. Baseline bacterial burden predicted the rate of decline in lung volume and risk of death and associated independently with the rs35705950 polymorphism of the MUC5B mucin gene, a proven host susceptibility factor for IPF. Sequencing yielded 912,883 high-quality reads from all subjects. We identified Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Veillonella spp. to be more abundant in cases than control subjects. Regression analyses indicated that these specific operational taxonomic units as well as bacterial burden associated independently with IPF.IPF is characterized by an increased bacterial burden in BAL that predicts decline in lung function and death. Trials of antimicrobial therapy are needed to determine if microbial burden is pathogenic in the disease.
New steroids for IBD: progress report
Authors: S B Hanauer
Journal: Gut (2002)

In a double-blind parallel group randomised study 191 patients with acute sprains and strains of ankle, hip, shoulder or knees were treated with either 400 mg sulindac or 1200 mg ibuprofen per day for 4 days; of these, 176 completed the trial. Spontaneous pain (day and night), pain on active movement, swelling and tenderness were assessed before and after the treatment period along with a physician9s and patient9s assessment of therapy at the end of the study. The vast majority of patients had a successful outcome whichever treatment they were taking. No patients reported any adverse effect during the study.
Prognostic impact of meningeal dissemination in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL): experience from the G-PCNSL-SG1 trial
Authors: A. Korfel, M. Weller, P. Martus, P. Roth, H.A. Klasen, A. Roeth, M. Rauch, B. Hertenstein, T. Fischer, T. Hundsberger, M. Leithäuser, T. Birnbaum, H. Kirchen, H.-G. Mergenthaler, J. Schubert, W. Berdel, J. Birkmann, M. Hummel, E. Thiel, L. Fischer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)