tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver function tests among Michigan and Wisconsin dairy farmers.
Authors: H A Anderson, E C Holstein, S M Daum, L Sarkozi, I J Selikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Serum activity of SGOT, SGPT, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase was measured in 614 Michigan adults exposed to PBB and 141 Wisconsin adults not so exposed. The Michigan group had higher prevalence of abnormal SGOT (p less than 0.005) and SGPT (p less than 0.005). A clear sex difference was observed. Michigan men had a higher prevalence of abnormal SGPT (p less than 0.005) and LDH (p less than 0.005) than Michigan women, and a higher prevalence than Wisconsin men of abnormal SGOT (p less than 0.005) and SGPT (p less than 0.01). These differences could not be ascribed to differing patterns of alcohol consumption, laboratory error, or choice of criteria for normality/abnormality. Seven Michigan subgroups were defined on the basis of the criteria by which they had been selected to participate. The two subgroups who were essentially self-invited did not differ from the remaining five randomly selected subgroups combined in prevalence of these abnormal liver function tests. Based on 364 serum PBB analyses thus far analyzed of the 614 Michigan participants, no obvious relationship between serum PBB values and liver function tests was observed. However, this is a tentative conclusion that will be further evaluated when remaining serum PBB analyses are completed. The greater prevalence of abnormal SGPT and SGOT among Michigan dairy farm residents compared to the Wisconsin dairy farm residents is tentatively ascribed to the former group's exposure to PBB.
The RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Mediates Oncogenic Phenotypes in Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Is Increasingly Expressed during Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Authors: Ryan M. Thomas, Kenya Toney, Cecilia Fenoglio-Preiser, Monica P. Revelo-Penafiel, Sunil R. Hingorani, David A. Tuveson, Susan E. Waltz, Andrew M. Lowy
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. The recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed and/or constitutively active in several epithelial cancers, but its role in pancreatic cancer is unknown. In this study, we have characterized RON expression in both murine and human pancreatic cancer. Immunoblotting indicates that RON is expressed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), primary, and metastatic cell lines both in the human and mouse. Immunostaining revealed that 93% of high-grade PanIN, 79% of primary, and 83% of metastatic lesions from human pancreatic tissue samples expressed RON, with minimal expression in normal ducts and low-grade PanIN (6% and 18%, respectively). Moreover, we show a dose-dependent effect of hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL), the RON-specific ligand, on pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion, which was reversed by RON inhibition. Although stimulation with HGFL had no effect on proliferation, concurrent RON receptor blockade and gemcitabine treatment increased apoptosis of RON-expressing pancreatic cancer cells versus gemcitabine treatment alone. Finally, HGFL stimulation of pancreatic cancer cells resulted in increased expression of phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phospho-Akt. Taken together, these findings suggest that RON receptor signaling may contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis, and that further investigation is warranted to assess the potential of RON-directed therapies in this deadly disease. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6075–82]
Assessing environmental chemicals for estrogenicity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays.
Authors: M D Shelby, R R Newbold, D B Tully, K Chae, V L Davis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Because of rampant concern that estrogenic chemicals in the environment may be adversely affecting the health of humans and wildlife, reliable methods for detecting and characterizing estrogenic chemicals are needed. It is important that general agreement be reached on which tests to use and that these tests then be applied to the testing of both man-made and naturally occurring chemicals. As a step toward developing a comprehensive approach to screening chemicals for estrogenic activity, three assays for detecting estrogenicity were conducted on 10 chemicals with known or suspected estrogenic activity. The assays were 1) competitive binding with the mouse uterine estrogen receptor, 2) transcriptional activation in HeLa cells transfected with plasmids containing an estrogen receptor and a response element, and 3) the uterotropic assay in mice. The chemicals studied were 17 beta-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, methoxychlor, the methoxychlor metabolite 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), endosulfan, nonylphenol, o,p'-DDT, and kepone. These studies were conducted to assess the utility of this three-assay combination in the routine screening of chemicals, or combinations of chemicals, for estrogenic activity. Results were consistent among the three assays with respect to what is known about the estrogenic activities of the chemicals tested and their requirements for metabolic activation. By providing information on three levels of hormonal activity (receptor binding, transcriptional activation, and an in vivo effect in an estrogen-responsive tissue), an informative profile of estrogenic activity is obtained with a reasonable investment of resources.
Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Is Associated with Higher Levels of Total IgE, Decreased Function of T Regulatory Cells and an Increase of Asthma Occurrence in Children
Authors: Annett I. Walker, Arunima Kohli, Aleena Syed, Ellen A. Eisen, Elizabeth M. Noth, Boriana Pratt, S. Katharine Hammond, Kari Nadeau
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Incidental solitary hepatocellular carcinomas smaller than 1 cm in size found at autopsy: A morphologic study
Authors: Yasuni Nakanuma, Goroku Ohta, Hitoshi Sugiura, Kishichiro Watanabe, Kenji Doishita
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The morphologic features and growth pattern of single hepatocellular carcinomas ≤ 1 cm in size, found incidentally at autopsy, were studied in nine cases. In all but one case, the hepatic parenchyma showed advanced cirrhosis. In three cases, the hepatocellular carcinomas were localized within a regenerative nodule as a form of “nodule within nodule.” The carcinoma was rimmed by nonneoplastic hepatic tissue. A fourth carcinoma consisted of an expansile hepatocellular carcinoma nodule enclosed by a fibrous band of cirrhotic stroma. The remaining five cases consisted of hepatocellular carcinomas which infiltrated the surrounding regenerative nodules or hepatic lobules. These observations suggested that hepatocellular carcinomas arise within regenerative nodules, some of which still retain residual nonneoplastic tissue around the tumor. Others invaded the adjacent liver tissue. The grossly visible fibrous capsule, often seen in more advanced hepatocellular carcinomas, was absent in all cases. All of the hepatocellular carcinomas were well-differentiated. Four cases showed a trabecular pattern with slight sinusoidal dilatation, 3 showed a scirrhous pattern and 2 showed a compact pattern. Their histologic features included marked bile production, Mallory body formation by clusters of tumor cells, resistance to hemosiderin deposition in a markedly siderotic background and loss or decrease of reticulin fibers. These features were hallmarks of small hepatocellular carcinomas. Pathologists should study cirrhotic livers carefully so as not to miss small carcinomas. Clinicians should be aware that even small liver nodules may be hepatocellular carcinomas.
Phylogenetic Position of Nemertea Derived from Phylogenomic Data
Authors: T. H. Struck, F. Fisse
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Nemertea and Platyhelminthes have traditionally been grouped together because they possess a so-called acoelomate organization, but lateral vessels and rhynchocoel of nemerteans have been regarded as coelomic cavities. Additionally, both taxa show spiral cleavage patterns prompting the placement of Nemertea as sister to coelomate Protostomia, that is, either to Neotrochozoa (Mollusca and Annelida) or to Teloblastica (Neotrochozoa plus Arthropoda). Some workers maintain a sister group relationship of Nemertea and Platyhelminthes as Parenchymia because of an assumed homology of Götte's and Müller's larvae of polyclad Platyhelminthes and the pilidium larvae of heteronemerteans. So far, molecular data were only able to significantly reject a sister group relationship to Teloblastica. Although phylogenomic data are available for Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, and Arthropoda, they are lacking for Nemertea. Herein, we present the first analysis specifically addressing nemertean phylogenetic position using phylogenomic data. More specifically, we collected expressed sequence tag data from Lineus viridis (O.F. Müller, 1774) and combined it with available data to produce a data set of 9,377 amino acid positions from 60 ribosomal proteins. Maximum likelihood analyses and Bayesian inferences place Nemertea in a clade together with Annelida and Mollusca. Furthermore, hypothesis testing significantly rejected a sister group relationship to either Platyhelminthes or Teloblastica. The Coelomata hypothesis, which groups coelomate taxa together to the exclusion of acoelomate and pseudocoelomate taxa, is not congruent with our results. Thus, the supposed acoelomate organization evolved independently in Nemertea and Platyhelminthes. In Nemertea, evolution of acoely is most likely due to a secondary reduction of the coelom as it is found in certain species of Mollusca and Annelida. Though looking very similar, the Götte's and Müller's larvae of polyclad Platyhelminthes are not homologous to the pilidium larvae of heteronemerteans. Finally, the convergent evolution of segmentation in Annelida and Arthropoda is further substantiated.
Correction of hypozincemia following liver transplantation in children is associated with reduced urinary zinc loss
Authors: Michael R. Narkewicz, Nancy Krebs, Frederick Karrer, Kathy Orban-Eller, Ronald J. Sokol
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Zinc deficiency is a relatively common problem in children with chronic liver disease. We have previously shown inappropriate urinary zinc excretion in children with chronic liver disease and hypozincemia. This study was designed to determine if zinc deficiency and inappropriate urinary zinc losses are corrected in children with liver disease by liver transplantation. Thirty-three patients (age 1-19 years) underwent 35 liver transplants for acute and chronic liver disease. At the time of transplant, 17 patients had low plasma zinc (hypozincemic) (plasma zinc, 45.4 +/- 1.8 microg/dL), whereas 18 had normal plasma zinc (75.7 +/- 3.8). Before transplant, patients with zinc deficiency had higher urinary zinc to creatinine ratio compared with those with normal zinc status (6.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.6; P =.03) and lower serum albumin concentrations (low: 2.8 +/- 0.1 vs. normal: 3.3 +/- 0.2; P =.02). After transplant, there was a significant reduction in urinary zinc losses in the hypozincemic group followed by normalization of plasma zinc levels by 7 days posttransplant. These data suggest that the abnormal renal zinc homeostasis that is present in approximately 50% of pediatric patients undergoing liver transplant is rapidly improved and biochemical zinc deficiency is reversed after liver transplantation.
Itraconazole and Arsenic Trioxide Inhibit Hedgehog Pathway Activation and Tumor Growth Associated with Acquired Resistance to Smoothened Antagonists
Authors: James Kim, Blake T. Aftab, Jean Y. Tang, Daniel Kim, Alex H. Lee, Melika Rezaee, Jynho Kim, Baozhi Chen, Emily M. King, Alexandra Borodovsky, Gregory J. Riggins, Ervin H. Epstein, Philip A. Beachy, Charles M. Rudin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
MicroRNAs regulate methionine adenosyltransferase 1A expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Heping Yang, Michele E. Cho, Tony W.H. Li, Hui Peng, Kwang Suk Ko, Jose M. Mato, Shelly C. Lu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) are dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and reduced MAT1A expression correlates with worse HCC prognosis. Expression of miR-664, miR-485-3p, and miR-495, potential regulatory miRNAs of MAT1A, is increased in HCC. Knockdown of these miRNAs individually in Hep3B and HepG2 cells induced MAT1A expression, reduced growth, and increased apoptosis, while combined knockdown exerted additional effects on all parameters. Subcutaneous and intraparenchymal injection of Hep3B cells stably overexpressing each of this trio of miRNAs promoted tumorigenesis and metastasis in mice. Treatment with miRNA-664 (miR-664), miR-485-3p, and miR-495 siRNAs reduced tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in an orthotopic liver cancer model. Blocking MAT1A induction significantly reduced the antitumorigenic effect of miR-495 siRNA, whereas maintaining MAT1A expression prevented miRNA-mediated enhancement of growth and metastasis. Knockdown of these miRNAs increased total and nuclear level of MAT1A protein, global CpG methylation, lin-28 homolog B (Caenorhabditis elegans) (LIN28B) promoter methylation, and reduced LIN28B expression. The opposite occurred with forced expression of these miRNAs. In conclusion, upregulation of miR-664, miR-485-3p, and miR-495 contributes to lower MAT1A expression in HCC, and enhanced tumorigenesis may provide potential targets for HCC therapy.
Effects of haemorrhage induced hypotension on coronary blood flow in an anaesthetised two vessel canine coronary stenosis-occlusion model
Authors: J. A Gascho, J. H Lawrence, G. A Beller
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Effects of haemorrhage induced hypotension on coronary blood flow in an anaesthetised two vessel canine coronary stenosis-occlusion model Get access Joseph A Gascho, Joseph A Gascho University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Dr Gascho's present address and address for correspondence: The Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Division of Cardiology, PO Box 850, Pennsylvania 17033, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John H Lawrence, John H Lawrence University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George A Beller George A Beller University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 3, March 1990, Pages 176–181, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.3.176 Published: 01 March 1990 Article history Received: 18 April 1989 Accepted: 31 October 1989 Published: 01 March 1990
The Effect of Salt Loading and Salt Depletion on Renal Function and Electrolyte Excretion in Man
Authors: WALTER S. WIGGINS, CLAYTON H. MANRY, RICHARD H. LYONS, ROBERT F. PITTS, Martha Barrett, Bernice Dumas
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and electrolyte excretion were studied in 17 patients subjected to salt depletion and loading. Salt depletion led to maximal renal salt conservation with the average GFR and RPF slightly decreased. Salt loading produced increased excretion of sodium and chloride with the average GFR and RPF slightly increased. Since the decreased electrolyte excretion with salt depletion and increased electrolyte excretion with salt loading were essentially independent of the direction of change in GFR and RPF, it is inferred that tubular absorptive activity is a more significant factor in achieving electrolyte balance than are GFR changes.
Should NICE's advice be handled centrally or locally?
Authors: P. Brambleby
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Smith's editorial on the failings of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) addresses the right issue but attacks the wrong target.1 It is not the recommendations emanating from the institute's deliberations that have an impact on the NHS but the subsequent executive letter that issues from the Department of Health. The institute has many strengths, but its remit is weak in at least four areas2:
Controlled Observations on the Effect of Low Sodium Dietotherapy in Essential Hypertension
Authors: A. C. CORCORAN, ROBERT D. TAYLOR, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The effectiveness and practicality of low sodium diets are tested in groups of in- and outpatients. The data indicate that roughly one-fourth with severe essential hypertension can respond favorably to prolonged restriction of sodium intake to less than 0.5 Gm. daily. The rice diet is found to be in effect a simple low sodium diet. Under the conditions of outpatient practice, low sodium dietotherapy is usually impractical and must be controlled by frequent analyses of urinary sodium.
Abstract 3433: Molecular regulation of RKIP, a tumor metastasis suppressor in breast cancer
Authors: Jiyoung Lee, Jieun Yun, Kam C. Yeung, Marsha R. Rosner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer mortality is primarily due to metastasis to organs including bone, lungs, liver and brain. Tumor metastasis suppressors are metastasis inhibitors but do not affect the ability of the transformed cells to produce a tumor at the primary sites. Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) has been identified as a metastasis suppressor for a number of cancers including breast, prostate, liver, colon, skin, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. RKIP overexpression in hepatoma, melanoma, and prostate metastatic cell lines diminished their invasiveness and motility in vitro. The molecular mechanism by which RKIP transcription is regulated in breast cancer is largely unknown. Interestingly, RKIP expression was highly and positively correlated with patient's metastasis-free survival after radiotherapy. Likewise, when RKIP was reduced in human prostate cancer cells, radiation-induced apoptosis was reduced in xenograft tumors. Moreover, RKIP expression levels have been induced upon chemotherapeutic drug treatment in human breast cancer cells, sensitizing the tumor cells to apoptosis. These studies indicate that chemotherapy and radiotherapy are more effective when RKIP is present in the metastatic cancer cells. Therefore, high RKIP levels are desirable to prevent metastasis of breast tumor cells and to sensitize tumor cells for chemotherapy. Our goal is to understand the mechanism by which RKIP is regulated in order to restore its levels. Previously, we have observed that let-7 negatively regulates two target genes, BACH1 and HMGA2 that promote breast cancer metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. Here we demonstrate that BACH1 and HMGA2 are themselves negative regulators of RKIP. Specifically, we have delineated molecular mechanisms by which BACH1 and HMGA2 inhibit RKIP expression in breast cancer cell lines using both luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. We are also analyzing whether BACH1 and HMGA2 are dysregulated by chemotherapy in highly metastatic breast cancer cells and whether suppression of these RKIP regulators can potentiate sensitivity of the breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. These studies provide valuable mechanistic insights for potentiating chemotherapeutic sensitivity as well as potential biomarkers for metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3433. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3433
Boy born with severe brain damage is awarded 12m
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 7 year old boy who was born severely brain damaged because a midwife failed to notice that his heart rate had drastically slowed has won a £12m (€15m; $20m) settlement from South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The settlement for Toby Hart includes a £2m lump sum and annual payments for the rest of his life of up to £490 000, which his lawyers believe is the largest annual amount …
Dysentery including amoebiasis.
Authors: R G Hendrickse
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Bacillary dysentery is caused by the Shigellae, a group of Gram-negative, non-motile organisms which are pathogenic only to man and some primates.As classically described, the disease is characterized by acute onset of severe diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and fever and stools which contain mucus, pus, and blood.In very many cases, however, infection is mild and may cause only transient diarrhoea or be symptomless.Serious illness occurs most frequently among the very young, the aged, the debilitated, and the malnourished.
Talks resume on GPs' out of hour work Junior doctor takes health authority to court Doctors should not become tax collectors BMA advises on doctors who become patients
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

General practitioners' representatives have resumed talks with the Department of Health in an attempt to resolve the out of hours issue. At the end of last year the General Medical Services Committee rejected the offer of a fixed payment of £2000 per principal for out of hours work and a new night visit fee of £9 (26 November 1994, p 1392). Last week the committee's chairman, Dr Ian Bogle, said, “I believe that a negotiated settlement is still possible,” but department officials have been left in no doubt that if negotiations break down the GMSC will consider sanctions.

Dr Bogle has already received the support of the BMA council to go down this road (11 March, p 618). If the GMSC decided to proceed with sanctions all general practitioner members of the BMA would be balloted and asked to support a graded series of sanctions. Nearly two dozen sanctions have been discussed with and cleared by the GMSC's legal advisers. The first sanction could be brought in within a month of a ballot. The chairman said that the plan would be to introduce a different sanction each month. It was important that sanctions did not harm patients, individual doctors, or practices. They were intended to bring increasing pressure on the government and have an impact on government planning, particularly the control of pubic expenditure.

The majority of GMSC members supported the proposed action, though there were several complaints that the matter was being dragged out, and the chairman was urged to put a deadline on the negotiations. Dr Peter Fellows from Gloucestershire did not like the idea of …
Reginald Lavis Walker
Authors: D. H. A. Boyd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Reginald (“Reg”) Lavis Walker graduated at the University of Sydney in 1945, and as an undergraduate he represented Wesley College in both cricket and tennis. He later became a fellow of this college and chairman of its council. After junior hospital posts in Australia he came to the United Kingdom with the aim of obtaining the Edinburgh membership, which he did in 1953. He became a fellow of the college in …