tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Targeting Therapy and Csf Shunt for Patients with Leptomeningeal Metastasis From Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Koichi Mitsuya, Yoko Nakasu, Nakamasa Hayashi, Toshiaki Takahashi, Haruyasu Murakami, Tateaki Naito, Hirotsugu Kenmotsu, Hideyuki Harada
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Primary Stenting of Totally Occluded Native Coronary Arteries II (PRISON II)
Authors: Maarten J. Suttorp, Gert J. Laarman, Braim M. Rahel, Johannes C. Kelder, Mike A.R. Bosschaert, Ferdinand Kiemeneij, Jur M. ten Berg, Egbert T. Bal, Benno J. Rensing, Frank D. Eefting, E. Gijs Mast
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Sirolimus-eluting stents markedly reduce the risk of restenosis compared with bare metal stents. However, it is not known whether there are differences in effectiveness between bare metal and sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with total coronary occlusions. Methods and Results— In a prospective, randomized, single-blind, 2-center trial, we enrolled 200 patients with total coronary occlusions: Half (n=100) were randomly assigned to receive bare metal BxVelocity stents and half (n=100) to receive sirolimus-eluting Cypher stents. The primary end point was angiographic binary in-segment restenosis rate at 6-month follow-up. Secondary end points were a composite of major adverse cardiac events, target vessel failure, binary in-stent restenosis rate, in-stent and in-segment minimal lumen diameter, percent diameter stenosis, and late luminal loss at 6-month follow-up. The sirolimus stent group showed a significantly lower in-stent binary restenosis rate of 7% compared with 36% in the bare metal stent group ( P &lt;0.001). The in-segment binary restenosis rate was 11% in the group receiving a sirolimus stent versus 41% in the bare metal stent group ( P &lt;0.0001), resulting in a target lesion revascularization rate of 4% in the sirolimus group versus 19% in the bare metal group ( P &lt;0.001). Patients who received the drug-eluting stent also had significantly lower rates of target vessel revascularization, target vessel failure, and all major adverse cardiac events. Conclusions— In patients with total coronary occlusions, use of the sirolimus-eluting stents are superior to the bare metal stents with significant reduction in angiographic binary restenosis, resulting in significantly less need for target lesion and target vessel revascularization.
Correspondence Between the Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Justo Sierra-Johnson, Bruce D. Johnson, Thomas G. Allison, Kent R. Bailey, Gary L. Schwartz, Stephen T. Turner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) definition of the metabolic syndrome in identifying insulin-resistant individuals and to explore alternative approaches to improve identification of insulin-resistant individuals among asymptomatic adults from the general population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The sample consisted of 256 non-Hispanic white subjects without treated hypertension or diabetes, from the Rochester (Minnesota) Heart Family Study (123 men and 133 women; aged 20–60 years). Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in all subjects. The reference standard for insulin resistance was determined by Bergman’s minimal model; insulin resistance was defined as an insulin sensitivity index &amp;lt;2 × 10 min−1 · μU−1 · ml−1. Component metabolic syndrome measures included blood pressure determined by sphygmomanometer; fasting serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and glucose concentrations determined enzymatically; and waist circumference determined by tape measure. RESULTS—By ATP-III criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 15.6% (16.3% in men and 15.1% in women; P = 0.465). The presence of metabolic syndrome had low sensitivity to identify insulin resistance (45% in men and 39% in women; sex difference, P = 0.137) but high specificity (93% in men and 95% in women; sex difference, P = 0.345). Based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) constructed by counting metabolic syndrome components as recommended by ATP-III, diagnostic accuracy was fair (AUC = 0.797 in men and 0.747 in women). When component metabolic syndrome measures were considered as quantitative traits rather than dichotomized, use of waist circumference alone, rather than counting metabolic syndrome components, improved diagnostic accuracy for insulin resistance (in men, AUC = 0.906, P = 0.001; in women, AUC = 0.822, P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS—Application of the ATP-III metabolic syndrome criteria provides good specificity but low sensitivity to screen asymptomatic white adults for insulin resistance. Measuring just waist circumference is simpler and may provide greater accuracy for identifying insulin resistance.
Decreased Levels of NOD1 Receptor Splice Variants in Bronchial Airway Epithelium from Asthmatic vs. Non-asthmatic Patients
Authors: E. Hochstadter, J. Guay, S. Girardin, A. Semlali, J. Chakir, D. Philpott, B. Mazer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Rare Case of a Dislocated Spleen in a Patient With B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Eva Frank, Matthias Zingerle, Andreas Saleh, Clemens-Martin Wendtner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

B-Cell Lymphoma Case ReportIn August 2011, a 44-year-old woman was diagnosed with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.At the primary staging, the patient showed cervical, mediastinal, axillary, and inguinal lymphadenopathy, with approximately 60% infiltration of the bone marrow by malignant B cells.The peripheral blood count showed thrombocytopenia and leucocytopenia.In a lymph node biopsy, a dense infiltration by CD79a ϩ centroblasts was observed (Fig 1, ϫ250 magnification).At clinical examination, the spleen was not palpable in the left upper quadrant, but a resistance was examined in the lower abdomen because bruits were distinguishable there.The patient's weight was 140 kg, with a body mass index of 51.4 kg/m 2 .She had lost several kilograms of weight during recent months.Her medical history included delivery by Caesarian section of twins in 2002, which had resulted in an abdominal hernia.In 2006, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to validate the tentative diagnosis of an abdominal hernia.The extension of the spleen was normal, with a maximum diameter of 10 cm (Fig 2A).A dislocation of the spleen was first recognized on a CT scan in 2010; its extension at that time was normal, within 10 cm (Fig 2B).However, at the time of the diagnosis of the B-cell lymphoma, a hepatosplenomegaly with a spleen measuring about 25 cm, prolapsing into a wide abdominal hernia, was documented (Fig 2C).From August
Recurrent Third-Trimester Fetal Loss and Maternal Mosaicism for Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Todd E. Miller, Elicia Estrella, Robert J. Myerburg, Jocelyn Garcia de Viera, Niberto Moreno, Paolo Rusconi, Mary Ellen Ahearn, Lisa Baumbach, Paul Kurlansky, Grace Wolff, Nanette H. Bishopric
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The importance of germ-line mosaicism in genetic disease is probably underestimated, even though recent studies indicate that it may be involved in 10% to 20% of apparently de novo cases of several dominantly inherited genetic diseases. Methods and Results— We describe here a case of repeated germ-line transmission of a severe form of long-QT syndrome (LQTS) from an asymptomatic mother with mosaicism for a mutation in the cardiac sodium channel, SCN5A . A male infant was diagnosed with ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac decompensation in utero at 28 weeks and with LQTS after birth, ultimately requiring cardiac transplantation for control of ventricular tachycardia. The mother had no ECG abnormalities, but her only previous pregnancy had ended in stillbirth with evidence of cardiac decompensation at 7 months’ gestation. A third pregnancy also ended in stillbirth at 7 months, again with nonimmune fetal hydrops. The surviving infant was found to have a heterozygous mutation in SCN5A ( R1623Q ), previously reported as a de novo mutation causing neonatal ventricular arrhythmia and LQTS. Initial studies of the mother detected no genetic abnormality, but a sensitive restriction enzyme-based assay identified a small (8% to 10%) percentage of cells harboring the mutation in her blood, skin, and buccal mucosa. Cord blood from the third fetus also harbored the mutant allele, suggesting that all 3 cases of late-term fetal distress resulted from germ-line transfer of the LQTS-associated mutation. Conclusions— Recurrent late-term fetal loss or sudden infant death can result from unsuspected parental mosaicism for LQTS-associated mutations, with important implications for genetic counseling.
Malaria immunization in Rhesus monkeys. A vaccine effective against both the sexual and asexual stages of Plasmodium knowlesi.
Authors: R W Gwadz, I Green
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Rhesus monkeys were immunized with a preparation of Plasmodium knowlesi parasites containing principally microgametes with lesser numbers of macrogametes and asexual trophozoites. The antigen mixture was emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and administered intramuscularly. After one or two inoculations of from 10(5) to 10(7) microgametes in FCA, monkeys showed high levels of circulating anti-gamete antibodies as demonstrated by various in vitro microgamete immobilization or transmission blocking tests. After challenge with P. knowlesi, immunized monkeys developed low level asexual parasitemias and were not infectious to feeding mosquitoes as measured by growth of the parasite on the mosquito gut. Control monkeys developed rapidly rising, usually fatal infections and were highly infectious to mosquitoes. Anti-gamete antibodies appear to neutralize the sexual parasites and prevent mosquito infection within the gut of the recently fed mosquito vector. Suppression of asexual parasitemia in immunized monkeys may be due to the presence of asexual trophozoites in the antigen mixture or to antigens common to both sexual and asexual stages of the parasite. A vaccine effective as a single injection capable of interrupting malaria transmission from man to man whereas reducing the severity of the disease in infected individuals offers a new approach to the control of one of the major diseases affecting man.
<i>DNMT3A</i> Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Impact on Low-Risk Patients With <i>CEBPA</i> Mutations
Authors: Shigeo Masuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

TO THE EDITOR: Thol et al demonstrate the impact of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutations on prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Interestingly, within patients with cytogenetically normal AML, DNMT3A mutations have an unfavorable effect on prognosis in nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)/FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication high-risk patients, but not in low-risk patients as shown in Figures 2E and 2F of the article by Thol et al. However, there is no information on whether DNMT3A mutations have an unfavorable effect on prognosis in other low-risk patients, such as those with mutations of CCAAT/enhancerbinding protein alpha (CEBPA). Mutations of CEBPA, in addition to those of NPM1, are well known to be associated with a favorable outcome and lack of a transplantation benefit. Furthermore, patients with CEBPA mutations who have AML can be separated into two subgroups: those with a single mutation CEBPA (CEBPA) and those with double mutation CEBPA (CEBPA). Recent studies suggest that this favorable outcome is mainly observed in patients with AML who have CEBPA but not those with CEBPA. Interestingly, treatment outcome of AML with CEBPA but not with CEBPA is dominated by FLT3/NPM1 genotypes. It would be interesting to know the impact of DNMT3A mutations on the clinical outcomes of patients with CEBPA (for example, when patients with CEBPA are classified according to DNMT3A status, those carrying a DNMT3A mutation would have a significantly worse outcome). It is possible that this information, as a routine diagnostic algorithm of AML, might enable clinicians to re-evaluate a patient whose risk is “apparently” favorable. I would also be interested in whether the one patient in the cytogenetically favorable risk group who is reported to have mutated DNMT3A has a favorable or a poor outcome.
The "Normal" Range
Authors: S. Raymond Gambino
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Poor Dr. Hoffman. He continues to be maligned and misinterpreted. The article by Elveback et al (<b>211</b>:69, 1970) purports to show the total unacceptability of Hoffman's method of<i>estimating</i>maximum limits for the "normal" range. My reading of the data leads me to the opposite conclusion. The authors make much of the difference between their normal range for serum calcium of 8.9 to 10.1 and Hoffman's estimate of 8.7 to 10.3. I cannot accept this very small difference as proof of the invalidity of Hoffman's method. The authors' normal range is based on 576 measurements on a<i>selected</i>population, whereas Hoffman's estimate was based on 4,719 consecutive determinations. Futhermore, the authors mislead the reader when they suggest that the difference between 10.1 and 10.3 or 8.7 and 8.9 is of practical significance. In 1970 (let alone in 1964) laboratories cannot distinguish between a calcium level of
Amlodipine inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes
Authors: Satoshi Yamanaka, Tetsuya Tatsumi, Jun Shiraishi, Akiko Mano, Natsuya Keira, Satoaki Matoba, Jun Asayama, Shinji Fushiki, Henry Fliss, Masao Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Secreted and Membrane-Bound Isoforms of Protease ADAM9 Have Opposing Effects on Breast Cancer Cell Migration
Authors: Jessica L. Fry, Alex Toker
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor cell migration is mediated by cell-autonomous signaling mechanisms as well as paracrine and autocrine factors secreted by activated stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Like other members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family, the integrin-binding metalloproteinase ADAM9 modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions as well as ectodomain shedding of cell surface receptors and ligands, thereby modifying intracellular and extracellular signaling. ADAM9 transcripts are alternatively spliced to express a transmembrane protein (ADAM9-L) and a secreted variant (ADAM9-S). In this study, we show that ADAM9-S promotes breast cancer cell migration in a manner requiring its metalloproteinase activity, whereas ADAM9-L suppresses cell migration independent of its metalloproteinase activity. Suppression of migration by ADAM9-L requires a functional disintegrin domain and integrin binding. Expression analysis revealed that both ADAM9 isoforms are expressed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Therefore, relative levels of membrane-tethered and secreted variants of ADAM9 are a key determinant in manifestation of aggressive migratory phenotypes associated with breast cancer progression. Cancer Res; 70(20); 8187–98. ©2010 AACR.
A phase III randomized study of gemcitabine and cisplatin with or without PF-3512676 (TLR9 agonist) as first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: C. Manegold, N. van Zandwijk, A. Szczesna, P. Zatloukal, J.S.K. Au, M. Blasinska-Morawiec, P. Serwatowski, M. Krzakowski, J. Jassem, E.H. Tan, R.J. Benner, A. Ingrosso, S.J. Meech, D. Readett, N. Thatcher
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
On Colon Catarrh
Authors: T. S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1902)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Optimal cardiac function requires appropriate contractile proteins in each heart chamber. Atria require slow myosins to act as variable reservoirs, while ventricles demand fast myosin for swift pumping functions. Hence, myosin is under chamber-biased <i>cis</i>-regulatory control to achieve this functional distribution. Failure in proper regulation of myosin genes can lead to severe congenital heart dysfunction. The precise regulatory input leading to cardiac chamber-biased expression remains uncharted. To address this, we computationally and molecularly dissected the quail Slow Myosin Heavy Chain III (SMyHC III) promoter that drives specific gene expression to the atria to uncover the regulatory information leading to chamber expression and understand their evolutionary origins. We show that SMyHC III gene states are autonomously orchestrated by a complex nuclear receptor <i>cis</i>-regulatory element (cNRE), a 32- bp sequence with hexanucleotide binding repeats. Using <i>in vivo</i> transgenic assays in zebrafish and mouse models, we demonstrate that preferential atrial expression is achieved by the combinatorial regulatory input composed of atrial activation motifs and ventricular repression motifs. Through comparative genomics, we provide evidence that the cNRE emerged from an endogenous viral element, most likely through infection of an ancestral host germline. Our study reveals an evolutionary pathway to cardiac chamber-specific expression.
Fluorescence illuminates the way ...
Authors: R. Nishikawa
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)

Fluorescence-guided resection using 5ALA is becoming more popular in the neurosurgery of malignant brain tumors. However, this technique has certain limitations, mostly its sensitivity. In this issue of Neuro-Oncology, Valdes, PA et al. reported an ex vivo analysis of PpIX concentrations and their relationship to fluorescence visible to the surgeon. They analyzed 23 patients, including four with WHO grade 1 tumors, two with WHO grade 2 tumors, three with WHO grade 3 tumors, 12 with WHO grade 4 tumors, and two with recurrent gliomas.
Intravenous bolus somatostatin after diagnostic cholangiopancreatography reduces the incidence of pancreatitis associated with therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: R T-P Poon
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Previous studies suggested that somatostatin given before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. However, the routine use of somatostatin in all patients undergoing ERCP is not likely to be cost effective. This study evaluated whether intravenous bolus somatostatin given after diagnostic cholangiopancreatography could reduce the incidence of pancreatitis in a group of patients undergoing therapeutic ERCP procedures. <b>Methods:</b> In a randomised, double blind, controlled trial, the effect of intravenous bolus somatostatin 250 μg given immediately after diagnostic cholangiopancreatography was compared with that of placebo in patients who required endoscopic sphincterotomy or other therapeutic procedures. The primary end point was the incidence of post-ERCP clinical pancreatitis, and a secondary end point was the incidence of hyperamylasemia. <b>Results:</b> A total of 270 patients were randomised. The somatostatin group (n = 135) and the placebo group (n = 135) were comparable in age, sex, indications for treatment, and types of procedure. The frequencies of clinical pancreatitis (4.4% <i>v</i> 13.3%; p = 0.010) and hyperamylasemia (26.0% <i>v</i> 38.5%; p = 0.036) were both significantly lower in the somatostatin group compared with the placebo group. <b>Conclusions:</b> A single dose of intravenous bolus somatostatin, given immediately after diagnostic cholangiopancreatography, is effective in reducing the incidence of pancreatitis after therapeutic ERCP. This novel approach of administering prophylactic somatostatin may offer a cost effective prophylaxis for post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Abstract 1444: Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis of 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cells in a BALB/c mouse xenograft model
Authors: Eun Ji Kim, Ji Eun Hong, Soon Ju Eom, Min Hee Kim, Jung Han Yoon Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a hydrolysis product of glucotropaeolin found in cruciferous vegetables, and has been reported to have anti-tumor properties. In our previous study, we observed that BITC inhibited growth and metastatic capacity of breast cancer cells in vitro cell culture models. The present study examined the in vivo effects of BITC administration on tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells. To establish the in vivo breast cancer model, 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells (5 × 104 cells) were injected into the inguinal mammary fat pad of syngeneic female BALB/c mice. One day later, the mice were divided into 3 groups and subjected to gavage with BITC (0, 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. Oral administration of BITC significantly reduced the volume and weight of solid 4T1 cell tumors in BALB/c mice. BITC administration decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl-2, CD31 and VEGF, but increased the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, −7, −9 and cleaved PARP in the tumors. In addition, Oral administration of BITC resulted in a significant reduction in the numbers of pulmonary tumor nodules and total pulmonary metastatic volume. To understand the mechanisms by which BITC exerts antimetastatic effects, metastasis-related proteins in the sera and lungs were measured by utilizing the relevant ELISA kits and Western blot analysis, respectively. BITC treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the sera of mice injected with 4T1 cells. However, the concentrations of TIMP-2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 were increased in the sera of mice treated with BITC. Additionally, the administration of BITC reduced the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and uPA and increased TIMP-2 and PAI-1 in the lungs of these animals. In this study, we have demonstrated that BITC profoundly suppresses the tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice bearing orthotopic xenografts of 4T1 breast cancer cells. The present results indicate that BITC has potential as an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1444.
Double negatives and euphemisms
Authors: J. E Morris
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A 12 year old boy with neuraminidase deficiency (sialidosis, mucolipidosis I) is described. His clinical features included coarse facies, cherry red spot, ataxia, myoclonus, and dysotosis multiplex. The level of neuraminidase activity in cultured fibroblasts was very low and intermediate levels were observed in both parents. The clinical disorders associated with neuraminidase deficiency are reviewed.