tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human neutrophils increase expression of C3bi as well as C3b receptors upon activation.
Authors: M Berger, J O'Shea, A S Cross, T M Folks, T M Chused, E J Brown, M M Frank
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We used monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to study the expression of the receptors for the complement fragments C3bi (CR3) and C3b (CR1) on human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN). Expression of both receptors was minimal on cells stained in anticoagulated whole blood incubated at 0 degree or 37 degrees C. PMN isolated with Percoll density gradients and held at 0 degree C also had only minimal expression of both receptors. With the isolated cells, however, a spontaneous increase in expression of both receptors occurred upon warming to 37 degrees C. This did not represent complete expression of either receptor since additional increments in surface expression could be induced upon stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or Raji cell supernatant. The increases in complement receptor (CR) expression appeared to be specific since there were no changes in expression of the Fc gamma receptor or beta-2-microglobulin under any of these conditions. The increased CR expression seems to involve translocation from an intracellular pool since it is complete within minutes and is not blocked by puromycin or cycloheximide. These results demonstrate that both CR3 and CR1 expression increase rapidly upon activation of PMN and that isolated cells can be used to study this phenomenon, which may be a critical part of neutrophil function in vivo.
Use of Internal Arteriovenous Fistula in Home Haemodialysis
Authors: S. Shaldon, S. McKay
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Five patients with previous experience of home haemodialysis (lasting one to two years) had internal arteriovenous fistulae created in a previously non-cannulated limb. After training of the spouses or patients to insert the needles, the arteriovenous cannulas were removed and the patients maintained on fistula dialysis in the home, unattended, overnight, for periods of 1 to 11 months (total patient experience of 30 months). All patients expressed a preference for the arteriovenous fistula, and no significant medical complications have been noted to date. The safe use of a blood pump in the home, overnight, was achieved by the addition of an extra monitor on the outflow (arterial) blood line.
A heart stopping performance
Authors: J. Basu, T. Betts
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After a show jumping round at a local horse show, a 23 year old woman who had been competing slumped and fell from her horse. An onsite paramedic immediately administered basic life support. An ambulance crew arrived shortly afterwards and performed electrocardiography (ECG), which showed ventricular fibrillation. A single shock was administered before the return of spontaneous circulation. 

On arrival at the intensive care unit, she was intubated and ventilated. She was cooled for 24 hours and given inotropic support. On clinical examination she was unresponsive, tachycardic, and hypotensive. There were no other positive findings on clinical examination. Blood results (including calcium, magnesium, potassium, and troponin measurements), toxicology screen, septic screen, and computed tomography of the head were negative. She was taking no regular drugs and had no history of cardiac problems or a family history of cardiac arrest or sudden death. ECG performed before cooling and on discharge from intensive care confirmed the diagnosis of long QT syndrome. An echocardiogram showed a structurally normal heart. She later had a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator fitted and was treated with an oral β blocker.



### 1 What is the definition of a long QT interval?

#### Short answer

When corrected for rate, a QT interval of greater than 450 ms in males and greater than 460 ms in females is considered abnormal.1 The average corrected QT interval in patients with genetically confirmed long QT syndrome is 490 ms. The QT interval is best measured in …
14 EFFICAY AND SAFETY OF PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN IN HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS AWAITING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: J.A. Carrion, E. Martinez-Bauer, G. Crespo, J.C. Garcia-Valdecasas, N. Navasa, X. Forns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Comparison of Glycemic and Surgical Outcomes After Change in Glycemic Targets in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Irena Mulla, Kathleen Schmidt, John Cashy, Amisha Wallia, Adin-Cristian Andrei, Diana Johnson Oakes, Grazia Aleppo, Carrie Li, Kathleen L. Grady, Edwin McGee, Mark E. Molitch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To compare perioperative glycemic and long-term surgical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after the recommended 2009 changes in inpatient glycemic targets.We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 4 September 2007 and 30 April 2011. Comparison was made of blood glucose (BG) outcomes 3 days after surgery, and 30-day cardiac outcomes before and after a change in insulin protocol that took place on 1 September 2009, which consisted of raising the glycemic targets during intravenous insulin infusions from 80-110 mg/dL (80-110 group) to 110-140 mg/dL (110-140 group).When compared with the 80-110 group (n = 667), the 110-140 group (n = 658) had higher mean postoperative BG levels during the intravenous insulin infusion (141 ± 15 vs. 121 ± 15 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and the subcutaneous insulin period (134 ± 24 vs. 130 ± 23 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and for 3 days postoperatively (141 ± 17 vs. 127 ± 15 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Fewer patients in the 110-140 mg/dL group experienced moderate hypoglycemia (BG <70 mg/dL) (177 vs. 73, P = 0.04). Severe hypoglycemia (BG <40 mg/dL) occurred in only one patient in the 80-110 group and three patients in the 110-140 group. There were no significant differences in mortality or surgical complication rates (with the exception of reintubation) between the groups.The higher glycemic target of 110-140 mg/dL resulted in similar mean glucose values, with significantly less hypoglycemia and no significant differences in mortality/morbidity compared with the more strict target of 80-110 mg/dL.
Control of Adrenal Androgen Secretion*
Authors: LAWRENCE N. PARKER, WILLIAM D. ODELL
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1980)

The human adrenal cortex secretes a variety of androgens, as shown in Fig. 1, in addition to cortisol and aldosterone. Some of these steroids function as androgens, or serve as precursors for androgen or estrogen formation in peripheral tissues. The control of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid secretion is largely under the influence of ACTH and the renin-angiotensin system, respectively. However, the mechanism of control of adrenal androgen (AA) secretion is less well defined, and is the main subject of this review. ACTH is the most widely accepted modulator of AA secretion at present. Rosenfield et al. (1) studied endogenous cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) secretion in a normal volunteer and found a correlation between the rhythmicity of secretion of cortisol and DHA, although the magnitude of the DHA rhythm was much less than that of cortisol. Other investigators have administered bovine ACTH or synthetic forms such as the peptide-(l–24) cosyntropin directly, in order to assess their ability to cause acute secretion of AA. These studies are summarized in Table 1. Irvine et al. (2) reported an increase in plasma androstenedione (A) after intramuscular cosyntropin given to healthy male volunteers. A similar response of A to cosyntropin was found by Cowley et al. (3) in a man with prostatic carcinoma after orchiectomy. These results confirm earlier studies by Chapdelaine et al. (4) using measurements of A by double isotope derivative techniques.
Non-invasive assessment of hepatic steatosis: Prospective comparison of the accuracy of imaging examinations
Authors: Seung Soo Lee, Seong Ho Park, Hye Jin Kim, So Yeon Kim, Min-Yeong Kim, Dae Yoon Kim, Dong Jin Suh, Kang Mo Kim, Mi Hyun Bae, Joo Yeon Lee, Sung-Gyu Lee, Eun Sil Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Analysis of high frequency acoustic emission signals as a new approach for assessing knee osteoarthritis
Authors: J. Prior, B. Mascaro, L.-K. Shark, J. Stockdale, J. Selfe, R. Bury, P. Cole, J. A. Goodacre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Acoustic signal analysis offers a potential scientific basis for new, convenient, non-invasive tools to monitor the dynamic integrity of joints. The rationale is that smooth, optimally lubricated surfaces slide quietly against each other whereas rough, suboptimally lubricated surfaces move unevenly, producing acoustic signals.

To investigate this, we used wide-band piezoelectric transducers to detect sound waves with frequencies up to 400 kHz (a well-established technique for evaluating the integrity of engineering structures1) emitted during knee movement. The Joint Acoustic Analysis System (JAAS) comprises a laptop controlling a data acquisition system connected to two acoustic emission (AE) sensors and an electrogoniometer. While each AE sensor is fastened inferior to the patella of each knee and anterior to the …
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) and acquired thrombasthenia due to autoantibodies to GP IIb–IIIa in a patient with an unusual platelet membrane glycoprotein composition
Authors: Laurent Macchi, Paquita Nurden, Gérald Marit, Claude Bihour, Gisèle Clofent-Sanchez, Robert Combrié, Alan T. Nurden
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The subject (E.B.) is a 63-year-old woman with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) who was first examined some 6 years ago with symptoms of epistaxis and gum bleeding, severe thrombocytopenia, and large platelets. Her serum tested positively with control platelets in the MAIPA assay performed using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to glycoprotein (GP) IIIa (XIIF9, Y2/51), yet was negative in the presence of MoAbs to GP IIb (SZ 22) or to the GP IIb-IIIa complex (AP2, P2). The patient's platelets failed to aggregate with all agonists tested except for ristocetin. IgG isolated from the patient's serum inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of control platelets. Unexpectedly, flow cytometry showed an altered expression of membrane glycoproteins on the patient's platelets. Levels of GP Ib-IX were much higher than previously located by us in platelets. In contrast, the expression of GP IIb-IIIa was about half that seen with control subjects. When Western blotting was performed, a striking finding was a strong band of 250 kDa recognized by a series of MoAbs to GP Ibα in addition to the band in the normal position of GP Ibα. Finally, ADP-stimulated (E.B.) platelets failed to express activation-dependent epitopes on GP IIb-IIIa as recognized by PAC-1, AP6, or F26 and additionally gave a reduced P-selectin expression after thrombin addition. In conclusion, we present a novel patient with a severely perturbed platelet function where an altered membrane GP profile is associated with the presence of an autoantibody recognizing a complex-dependent determinant on GP IIb–IIIa and inhibitory of platelet aggregation. Am. J. Hematol. 57:164–175, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Failure of pulse high-dose dexamethasone in chronic idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: M. Warner, P. Wasi, S. Couban, C. Hayward, T. Warkentin, J.G. Kelton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disorder characterized by increased platelet destruction in the setting of normal megakaryopoiesis. Approximately 20% of patients with ITP are refractory to corticosteroids and splenectomy. Recently, pulse high-dose dexamethasone was reported to be effective in the treatment of chronic ITP in adult patients. We treated 9 patients with severe chronic ITP with monthly high-dose dexamethasone. None of the 9 patients responded with a sustained increase in platelet count. Five of these patients were unable to tolerate the regimen. The failure of high-dose dexamethasone in our hands contrasts with the good results of an earlier publication and suggests that there could be a subset of responders who will require better identification.
The glutathione precursorL-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid protects against liver injury due to chronic enteral ethanol exposure in the rat
Authors: Yuji Iimuro, Blair U. Bradford, Shunhei Yamashina, Ivan Rusyn, Mikio Nakagami, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Hiroshi Kono, William Frey, Donald Forman, David Brenner, Ronald G. Thurman
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) is a cysteine prodrug that maintains glutathione in tissues. Here, its effect on alcohol-induced liver injury in an enteral alcohol feeding model was investigated. Male Wistar rats were given control high-fat or ethanol containing diets enterally for 4 weeks. Treated rats received 500 mg/kg/d of dietary OTC. Ethanol delivery, weight gain, and the cyclic pattern of ethanol in the urine were not different between the OTC-ethanol and ethanol groups. After 4 weeks, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), necrosis and inflammation were elevated significantly by ethanol compared with appropriate high-fat controls, effects blocked by OTC. Moreover, ethanol elevated hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) messenger RNA (mRNA) and the nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) 2-3 fold. NFkappaB in isolated Kupffer cells was also increased by ethanol. These effects were all blocked by OTC treatment. Additionally, superoxide production was higher in Kupffer cells isolated from ethanol-treated rats, an effect blunted by OTC. OTC also increased circulating glutathione (GSH) levels about 2-fold; however, GSH levels were not affected by ethanol or OTC in livers from the groups studied. Surprisingly, GSH was elevated by ethanol and OTC treatment in isolated Kupffer cells about 2-fold. Moreover, GSH (Ki-10 micromol/L) and cysteinyl-glycine, but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG) or OTC, blunted the LPS-induced increase in calcium in isolated Kupffer cells, possibly by activating a glycine-gated chloride channel due to their structural similarity with glycine. Collectively, it is concluded that GSH is protective, in part, by increasing circulating GSH, which blunts activation of Kupffer cells via the glycine-gated chloride channel.
Inhibition of PI3K and MEK: It Is All about Combinations and Biomarkers
Authors: Brent N. Rexer, Ritwik Ghosh, Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

A small molecule inhibitor of MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) was effective against human breast cancer cells with a basal-like gene expression signature. Antitumor activity was limited by both feedback upregulation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT upon inhibition of MEK as well as loss of the phosphatase PTEN. Therefore, MEK inhibitors should preferably be investigated in combination with PI3K inhibitors in basal-like breast cancers.
Editorial: Immunity and oncogenesis
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Approximately at the time when Osoba and Miller<sup>1</sup>described the thymic factor and indicated that through this factor thymus endows the lymphoid cells with power to participate in the phenomenon of immunity, Perri et al<sup>2</sup>spoke about thymus as follows: The thymus and its function could be of particular importance in the field of oncology since it might participate, along with other glands, in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and be of paramount importance in regressing the activity of cells which potentially may develop into neoplasms. Perri et al found that Jensen sarcoma grew at a faster rate in thymectomized animals than in normal controls. Since that time, other authors have indicated that in animals and in humans who have been immunosuppressed, the incidence of malignant tumors was higher than in those with normal immunity status. In 1972, Penn and Starzl<sup>3</sup>demonstrated that human organ transplant recipients
Lhermitte's Sign in Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Deficiency
Authors: William M. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1981)

LHERMITTE'S sign (electric shock-like dysesthesia produced by neck flexion) was first described by Marie and Chatelin in 1917.<sup>1</sup>In 1924, Lhermitte et al described in detail a patient with multiple sclerosis and electric dysesthesias.<sup>2</sup>Since then, Lhermitte's sign has been described in association with tumors of the cervical cord, arachnoiditis, cervical spondylitis, radiation myelitis, subacute combined degeneration of the cord, and nitrous oxide exposure.<sup>3-5</sup>Recently, we have seen two patients with Lhermitte's sign who were found to have cobalamin (vitamin B<sub>12</sub>) deficiency. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 38-year-old woman complained of fatigue and electric dysesthesia with neck flexion for several months prior to evaluation. Examination revealed a mild decrease in vibration and position sense in the extremities. Initial laboratory data included a hemoglobin level of 9.3 g/dL, a leukocyte count of 2.6×10<sup>9</sup>/L, and a platelet count of 330 ×10<sup>9</sup>/L. The blood
The Use of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy and Bronchial Brush Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Suspected Pulmonary Malignancy.
Authors: Robert H. Richardson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973The Use of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy and Bronchial Brush Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Suspected Pulmonary Malignancy.Robert H. Richardson, M.D., Donald C. Zavala, M.D., F.A.C.P., Prashant K. Mukerjee, M.D., George N. Bedell, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert H. Richardson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Donald C. Zavala, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Prashant K. Mukerjee, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, George N. Bedell, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-832_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with bronchial brush biopsy in the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary malignancy.Two hundred patients with radiologic or clinical evidence suggestive of pulmonary malignancy were examined with a 5-mm Olympus bronchofiberscope. Bronchial brush biopsies through the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope were done for 163 of these patients. The remaining 37 patients did not have lesions accessible to brush biopsy, but had bronchial aspiration and washings submitted for cytologic examination.One hundred and thirty-three patients were proved to have carcinoma by subsequent tissue diagnosis of clinical course.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Iowa City, Iowa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByFiberoptic and Rigid Bronchoscopy: The State of the Art 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 832-832KeywordsBiopsyBronchoscopyLesions Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Assisted reproduction means male infertility will continue for years to come
Authors: R. McKie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The therapeutic efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer has been shown to positively correlate with the dose of tumor-immune T cells transferred. Therefore, the success of this therapy is critically dependent on the ability to procure large numbers of functionally active T cells. Previous studies in animal models have shown that the limited therapeutic efficacy of a small number of immune T cells can be greatly enhanced by expansion of T cells in vitro to greater numbers before transfer in vivo. Optimal regimens for T cell expansion in vitro have generally employed the use of intermittent stimulation of the TCR with specific Ag followed by exogenous IL-2. The use of IL-2 alone does not provide for requisite episodic up-regulation of IL-2R. Stimulation of the invariant CD3 portion of the TCR/CD3 complex with antibody to CD3 (anti-CD3) represents an alternative method of up-regulating IL-2R and has been used to nonspecifically induce the growth of Ag-specific T cell lines and clones long-term in vitro with maintenance of function and specificity. The current study examined whether resting T cell populations containing small numbers of memory tumor-specific T cells could be rendered more effective in tumor therapy by nonspecific expansion in vitro with anti-CD3 plus IL-2. Spleens from C57BL/6 mice previously immunized to FBL-3, a syngeneic virus-induced leukemia, were nonspecifically stimulated with anti-CD3 plus IL-2. The resultant T cells were expanded in number, were nonlytic to FBL-3 but retained the ability to become lytic upon specific stimulation by FBL-3, and were effective in specific tumor therapy. The Ag-specific anti-tumor immune function declined on a per cell basis after each cycle of anti-CD3-induced T cell expansion. However, the approach resulted in a substantial increase in total T cell number and an overall net increase in the function of the effector T cell population. Thus, stimulation of tumor-immune T cell populations with anti-CD3 plus IL-2 represents a nonspecific method for expanding the number of specific effector T cells for cancer therapy.
Direct evidence for the importance of p130 in injury response and arterial remodeling following carotid artery ligation
Authors: J Sindermann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Remodeling of arterial morphology in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis following angioplasty involves controlled alterations in total vascular circumference which critically modulate sequelae of changes in vessel wall mass. Despite the clinical relevance of this process little is known about the pathophysiology, especially the correlation between smooth muscle cell proliferation and remodeling. Methods: Carotid artery ligation was applied to mice with targeted disruption of the p130 gene (p130 −/−). Mice were allowed to recover for 3 weeks after ligation and then perfusion fixed for histologic and morphometric analysis. Results: P130 −/− mice were indistinguishable from control littermates concerning size and weight. As for the aorta, carotid arteries and femoral arteries, no significant differences were found between the groups with regard to vessel size and cellular density of the vessel wall of non-instrumented vessels. In contrast, following carotid artery ligation we found p130 −/− mice (n=8) to develop a significant increase in vessel wall area compared to controls (n=9). Mean values ranged from 3.07×10−2±0.20×10−2–3.56×10−2±0.62×10−2 mm2 for p130 −/− mice versus 2.26×10−2±0.13×10−2–2.57×10−2±0.26×10−2 mm2 for controls (p=0.02) along the lesion studied. This increase in vessel wall area was primarily due to a sevenfold mean increase in neointima in p130 −/− mice yielding mean values of 0.43±0.18 – 1.19±0.70×10−2 mm2. Remarkably, despite vessel wall increase, the lumen area was not statistically different for both groups. Conclusions: The data indicate that the loss of the cell cycle inhibitor p130 leads to an enhanced injury response, implicating a central role of p130 in cell cycle control during response to injury in the vessel wall. The enhanced injury response in the context of p130 −/− preserves the ability to perform perfect remodeling, thus the remodeling capacity is preserved even in the context of this injury model.
Gilles de la Tourette and His Syndrome by Serendipity
Authors: HAROLD STEVENS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

"Tic convulsif," a bizarre entity, was discovered fortuitously by Gilles de la Tourette. His achievements, however, extend well beyond this eponymic triumph into a broad diversity of fields including literature, social welfare, political reform, and forensic medicine. The recent revival of interest in his syndrome may be a prelude to greater recognition of this colorful figure and his many contributions.