tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of a lace-up ankle brace on ankle injury rates in adolescent basketball players
Authors: T McGuine, A Brooks, S Hetzel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background It is widely accepted by many adolescent basketball players and their coaches that wearing a lace-up ankle brace will reduce the incidence of acute ankle injuries. To date there have been no prospective studies to determine if lace-up ankle braces reduce the incidence of ankle injuries in adolescent basketball players. Objectives To determine whether a lace-up ankle brace reduces the incidence and severity of acute ankle injuries sustained by adolescent basketball players during one season. Design Prospective randomised controlled study using stratified cluster (school) randomisation. Participants 1460 adolescent male and female (age 13–18) basketball players from 46 USA high schools. Intervention Lace-up ankle brace. Main outcome measures (1) Rate and incidence of acute ankle injuries, (2) Ankle injury severity (days lost from participation). Injury rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and compared between the intervention and control group using a log-rank test. The Cox Proportional Hazards model was utilised to examine the relationship between injury rate and ankle bracing while controlling for covariate. Injury severity was compared using the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test. Results The acute ankle injury rate (per 1000 exposures) was 1.41 in the control group, compared to 0.47 in the braced group. 75 controls (10.4%) sustained an acute ankle injury, compared to 26 athletes (3.5%) in the braced group (Cox HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.49). Lace-up ankle braces reduced the number of injuries in athletes with (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.71) and without (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.53) history of previous ankle injury. There was no difference (p=0.223) in the median number of days lost (braced group=5, controls=6). Conclusion Lace-up ankle braces reduced the incidence of acute ankle injuries in male and female adolescent basketball players, independent of previous injury status.
Relative importance of tissue oxygenation and vascular smooth muscle hypoxia in determining arteriolar responses to occlusion in the hamster cheek pouch.
Authors: J H Lombard, B R Duling
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Cheek pouches of anesthetized hamsters were suffused with solutions with low, medium, and high oxygen tension, and arteriolar diameter changes were measured during and after occlusions of either single arterioles or the whole vascular bed.PO 2 was measured with microelectrodes on arteriolar walls and at surrounding tissue sites to indicate oxygen availability to the vascular smooth muscle and parenchymal cells, respectively.In each suffusion solution, whole pouch occlusion (WPO) and microvessel occlusion (MVO) induced quantitatively similar changes in tissue and periarteriolar PO 2 ; however, WPO resulted in larger diameter increases and longer recovery times than MVO.High suffusion solution PO 2 attenuated the reduction in tissue and periarteriolar PO 2 during occlusion (WPO and MVO), reduced the dilation during occlusion (WPO and MVO), and was associated with faster recovery of arteriolar diameters following release of WPO.Postocclusion recovery of periarteriolar PO 2 and tissue PO 2 in low oxygen suffusion was significantly faster than that of arteriolar diameters (WPO and MVO).Following WPO, periarteriolar PO 2 often had fully recovered while diameter was at its peak value.During intermediate and high PO 2 suffusion, arteriolar dilation occurred despite relatively high periarteriolar oxygen tensions.The evidence suggests that arteriolar responses to occlusion are determined primarily by indirect mechanisms, i.e., those mediated through parenchymal cell metabolites, rather than by the direct effects of oxygen deficiency on the vascular smooth muscle cells of the arteriolar media.Reactive hyperemia is the period of increased blood flow following occlusion of the blood supply to a vascular bed.Two of the major mechanisms proposed to explain this response involve oxygen either by its effect on vascular smooth muscle or by an indirect mechanism mediated through metabolism of the parenchymal cells.The indirect mechanism involves dilation of the small resistance vessels induced by the accumulation of vasoactive tissue metabolites during the period of occlusion, 1 whereas the direct effect refers to relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle induced by low PO 2 in the muscle cells. 2 Most studies of reactive hyperemia have been performed on whole vascular beds with only indirect indications of the precise behavior of the resistance vessels.Microcirculatory studies have the distinct advantage of permitting direct access to the small blood vessels and observation of their responses to various stimuli.However, relatively few such investigations of reactive hyperemia have been conducted. 3" 5 Since oxygen availability to tissues and to the microcir-
Muscle strength, pain, and disease activity explain individual subdimensions of the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, especially in women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A Hakkinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To study the extent to which muscle strength and performance, pain, and disease activity are associated with the total Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index and its subdimensions in male and female patients with rheumatoid arthritis.HAQ for functional capacity was completed by 135 patients with rheumatoid arthritis referred for orthopaedic surgery (74% women; mean (SD) age 62 (10) years; disease duration 19 (13) years, 70% positive for rheumatoid factor). Knee extension, trunk extension and flexion, grip strength, walking speed, and sit-to-stand test were measured to mirror physical function. Radiographs of hands and feet, pain, and the modified 28 joint disease activity score (DAS28) were also assessed.Mean total HAQ was 1.08 (0.68) in women and 0.67 (0.70) in men (p = 0.0031). Women had greater disability than men in five of the eight subdimensions of the HAQ. Grip strength was 48%, knee extension strength 46%, trunk extension strength 54%, and trunk flexion strength 43% lower in women than in men. Knee extension strength was inversely correlated with walking time (r = -0.63 (95% confidence interval, -0.73 to -0.51)) and with sit-to-stand test (r = -0.47 (-0.60 to -0.31)). In an ordered logistic regression analysis in female rheumatoid patients, DAS28, pain, knee extension strength, and grip strength were associated with the total HAQ disability index.Women reported greater disability than men both in the total HAQ and in the majority of its eight subdimensions. In addition to disease activity and pain, muscle strength has a major impact on disability especially in female rheumatoid patients.
Necrotizing Balanitis due to Herpes Simplex Type 1
Authors: Robert D. Powers
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A previously healthy, 26-year-old heterosexual man experienced necrotic penile ulcerations with fever, rigors, and difficulty voiding. Urethral instrumentation and treatment with antibiotics were associated with progression of the disease. Type 1 herpes simplex virus was isolated from the penile ulcerations and pustular lesions in the groin and antecubital fossae. Recovery was complicated by a urethral stricture requiring surgical treatment. Herpes simplex type 1 must be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe penile ulcerations; isolation of herpesvirus from such lesions may obviate further diagnostic and therapeutic measures that are unnecessary and, in some cases, counterproductive. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:215-216)
Tako-tsubo-like syndrome in systemic sclerosis: a sign of myocardial Raynaud phenomenon?
Authors: D Melchiorre, P Bernardo, M L Conforti, C Comunian, F Nacci, S Guiducci, G Fiori, A Moggi-Pignone, G F Gensini, M Matucci-Cerinic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

An 84-year-old female patient, with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc) (Raynaud phenomenon, anticentromere antibodies, active capillaroscopic pattern) presented to the emergency room with fever (38.5°C), cough, no chest pain or dyspnoea, regular heart beat and no cardiovascular risk factors; the patient did however have hypertension (ramipril 2.5 mg/day). Echocardiogram (ECG) revealed inverted T waves in V2–V6 and in the inferior leads (fig 1). Haemoglobin was 9 g/dl (normal value 11–15 g/dl) and troponin I was increased 1.53 ng/ml (0.0–0.15 ng/ml). An echocardiogram showed normal chamber sizes, with mid-apical anterior, mid-apical lateral and apical inferior akinesis with a reduction of ejection fraction (35%): hyperkinesis of the basal segment of …
Differences between commercial vehicle drivers and other patients in symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea and response to CPAP therapy
Authors: Werner Strobel, Daiana Stolz, Michael Tamm
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Among patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), commercial vehicle drivers (CVD) should be treated with special care, since untreated OSA is a well established risk factor for traffic accidents. However, little is known whether symptoms and course of treatment of OSA in CVDs are similar to those of other OSA patients.

Method : We analysed the course of diagnosis and treatment in CVDs diagnosed with OSA in 2009 and 2010 and compared these data with a control group of non-CVD patients.

Results: We identified 37 CVDs treated with CPAP and compared their results with a control group of 74 patients. Both groups were well matched with respect to age, BMI, apnoea-hypopnoea-index and oxygen desaturation index. However, the Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) was significantly lower in the CVD group (8.1 ± 2.8 vs. 11.0 ± 2.7, p < 0.0001) and this difference was unchanged after 6 months of CPAP therapy (4.8 ± 2.1 vs. 7.7 ± 2.2, p< 0.0001). The adherence to CPAP therapy was lower in CVDs than in the control group: daily usage was 4.5 ± 1.1 vs. 5.0 ± 1.4 hrs (p = 0.02), % of days used was 75 ± 14 vs. 83 ± 19 % (p = 0.012). CVDs had significantly more unscheduled visits in the first 6 months of treatment than control patients: 1.5 ± 0.6 vs. 0.7 ± 0.4 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions : Despite similar baseline characteristics, CVDs report significant lower values in the Epworth sleepiness score at diagnosis and under CPAP treatment. CPAP compliance is lower in CVDs than in control patients and CVDs have more unscheduled clnical visits than other CPAP patients. These points should be taken in consideration when starting OSA treatment in CVDs.
Identification of candidate T-cell epitopes and molecular mimics in chronic Lyme disease
Authors: Bernhard Hemmer, Bruno Gran, Yingdong Zhao, Adriana Marques, Jeannick Pascal, Abraham Tzou, Takayuki Kondo, Irene Cortese, Bibiana Bielekova, Stephen E. Straus, Henry F. McFarland, Richard Houghten, Richard Simon, Clemencia Pinilla, Roland Martin
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)
Suicide in the United States End-Stage Renal Disease Program
Authors: Manjula Kurella, Paul L. Kimmel, Belinda S. Young, Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Although depression and dialysis withdrawal are relatively common among individuals with ESRD, there have been few systematic studies of suicide in this population. The goals of this study were to compare the incidence of suicide with national rates and to contrast the factors associated with suicide with those associated with withdrawal in persons with ESRD. All individuals who were aged 15 yr and older and initiated dialysis between April 1, 1995, and November 30, 2000, composed the analytic cohort. Patients were censored at the time of death, transplantation, or October 31, 2001. Death as a result of suicide in the ESRD population and the general US population was ascertained from the Death Notification Form and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. Standardized incidence ratios for suicide among patient subgroups were computed using national data from the year 2000 as the reference population. The crude suicide rate from 1995 to 2001 was 24.2 suicides per 100,000 patient-years, and the overall standardized incidence ratio for suicide was 1.84 (95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 2.27). In multivariable models, age > or =75 yr, male gender, white or Asian race, geographic region, alcohol or drug dependence, and recent hospitalization with mental illness were significant independent predictors of death as a result of suicide. Persons with ESRD are significantly more likely to commit suicide than persons in the general population. Although relatively rare, risk assessment can be used to identify patients for whom counseling and other interventions might be beneficial.
Bleeding in patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome
Authors: Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Ludivine Douarin, Marie-Hélène Denninger, Sylvie Escolano, Didier Lebrec, Richard Moreau, Michel Vidaud, Raphaël Itzykson, Rami Moucari, Annie Bezeaud, Dominique Valla, Aurélie Plessier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
THE INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS ON ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN PILLS
Authors: W. H. Martindale
Journal: BMJ (1902)

MDCAL JOURNALJCrzuro-Scrotal.-By a cruro-scrotal hernia is meant a hernial sac which distends not the scrotal tissues, but the fold of the skin which is found between the scrotum and the thigh.The hernia, therefore, will be covered with ordinary cutaneous tissue and not with dartos.It is always associated with an imperfect or abnormal descent of the testis, and the hernia follows the
In vivo and in vitro uptake of an anti-CD30/saporin immunotoxin by rat liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells
Authors: Maria Giulia Battelli, Laura Buonamici, Andrea Bolognesi, Fiorenzo Stirpe
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

A Ber–H2/saporin immunotoxin, consisting of the single–chain ribosome–inactivating protein saporin–S6 and the anti–CD30 monoclonal antibody Ber–H2, gave encouraging results in the treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease but caused a transient hepatotoxicity. The accumulation of Ber–H2/saporin conjugate and of its components by rat liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells was studied. The in vivo concentration of intravenously injected Ber–H2/saporin, saporin or Ber–H2 in nonparenchymal cells was 4–, 25–and 11–fold higher, respectively, than that in parenchymal cells. Adherent in vitro cultured nonparenchymal cells, mostly Kupffer cells, accumulated the proteins approximately 10 times more than parenchymal cells; traces of free saporin were taken up by both types of cells. In vitro protein synthesis by both cell types was inhibited by 50% at nanomolar concentrations of saporin. Nonparenchymal cells were sensitive to Ber–H2/saporin at picomolar concentrations, whereas parenchymal cells were unaffected by the immunotoxin up to 100 pmol/L. The results of the uptake of, and the sensitivity to, the immunotoxin suggest that the sensitivity of liver cells is proportional to the uptake and that the in vivo damage to parenchymal cells is at least in part mediated by the toxicity to nonparenchymal liver cells. (Hepatology 1994;20:940-947).
Accuracy and Surgical Impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Cancer Staging: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Detection of Multifocal and Multicentric Cancer
Authors: Nehmat Houssami, Stefano Ciatto, Petra Macaskill, Sarah J. Lord, Ruth M. Warren, J. Michael Dixon, Les Irwig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

PURPOSE We review the evidence on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging the affected breast to determine its accuracy and impact on treatment. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of MRI in detection of multifocal (MF) and/or multicentric (MC) cancer not identified on conventional imaging. We estimated summary receiver operating characteristic curves, positive predictive value (PPV), true-positive (TP) to false positive (FP) ratio, and examined their variability according to quality criteria. Pooled estimates of the proportion of women whose surgery was altered were calculated. Results Data from 19 studies showed MRI detects additional disease in 16% of women with breast cancer (N = 2,610). MRI incremental accuracy differed according to the reference standard (RS; P = .016) decreasing from 99% to 86% as the quality of the RS increased. Summary PPV was 66% (95% CI, 52% to 77%) and TP:FP ratio was 1.91 (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.34). Conversion from wide local excision (WLE) to mastectomy was 8.1% (95% CI, 5.9 to 11.3), from WLE to more extensive surgery was 11.3% in MF/MC disease (95% CI, 6.8 to 18.3). Due to MRI-detected lesions (in women who did not have additional malignancy on histology) conversion from WLE to mastectomy was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.3 to 3.6) and from WLE to more extensive surgery was 5.5% (95% CI, 3.1 to 9.5). CONCLUSION MRI staging causes more extensive breast surgery in an important proportion of women by identifying additional cancer, however there is a need to reduce FP MRI detection. Randomized trials are needed to determine the clinical value of detecting additional disease which changes surgical treatment in women with apparently localized breast cancer.
Clinical and Behavioral Correlates of Achieving and Maintaining Glycemic Targets in an Underserved Population With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Valerie Ruelas, G. Michael Roybal, Yang Lu, Dana Goldman, Anne Peters
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—In an underserved Latino area, we established a disease-management program and proved its effectiveness. However, many patients still remained above target. This study was designed to evaluate which factors are associated with reaching program goals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a randomized, prospective, observational study in which patients enrolled in our program were followed for 2 years with outcomes, measures, and questionnaires assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS—Overall, A1C fell by 1%. Adherence to medication was the strongest predictor of reaching the target A1C of &amp;lt;8%; baseline A1C was also predictive. Knowledge scores increased in those who reached target, but the measures of self-efficacy and empowerment did not change for either group. CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes management is effective in a lower-income Latino population. However, adherence was suboptimal even when medications were provided on-site for free. Further research into barriers associated with medication adherence is needed.
Spontaneous atopic dermatitis in mice expressing an inducible thymic stromal lymphopoietin transgene specifically in the skin
Authors: Jane Yoo, Miyuki Omori, Dora Gyarmati, Baohua Zhou, Theingi Aye, Avery Brewer, Michael R. Comeau, Daniel J. Campbell, Steven F. Ziegler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and other allergic diseases in humans. To further characterize its role in this disease process, transgenic mice were generated that express a keratinocyte-specific, tetracycline-inducible TSLP transgene. Skin-specific overexpression of TSLP resulted in an AD-like phenotype, with the development of eczematous lesions containing inflammatory dermal cellular infiltrates, a dramatic increase in Th2 CD4+ T cells expressing cutaneous homing receptors, and elevated serum levels of IgE. These transgenic mice demonstrate that TSLP can initiate a cascade of allergic inflammation in the skin and provide a valuable animal model for future study of this common disease.
MEK modulates force-fluctuation-induced relengthening of canine tracheal smooth muscle
Authors: M. L. Dowell, T. L. Lavoie, O. J. Lakser, N. O. Dulin, J. J. Fredberg, W. T. Gerthoffer, C. Y. Seow, R. W. Mitchell, J. Solway
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Tidal breathing, and especially deep breathing, is known to antagonise bronchoconstriction caused by airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction; however, this bronchoprotective effect of breathing is impaired in asthma. Force fluctuations applied to contracted ASM<i> in vitro</i> cause it to relengthen, force-fluctuation-induced relengthening (FFIR). Given that breathing generates similar force fluctuations in ASM, FFIR represents a likely mechanism by which breathing antagonises bronchoconstriction. Thus it is of considerable interest to understand what modulates FFIR, and how ASM might be manipulated to exploit this phenomenon. It was demonstrated previously that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling regulates FFIR in ASM strips. Here, it was hypothesised that the MAPK kinase (MEK) signalling pathway also modulates FFIR. In order to test this hypothesis, changes in FFIR were measured in ASM treated with the MEK inhibitor, U0126 (1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio]butadiene). Increasing concentrations of U0126 caused greater FFIR. U0126 reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation without affecting isotonic shortening or 20-kDa myosin light chain and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. However, increasing concentrations of U0126 progressively blunted phosphorylation of high-molecular-weight caldesmon (h-caldesmon), a downstream target of MEK. Thus changes in FFIR exhibited significant negative correlation with h-caldesmon phosphorylation. The present data demonstrate that FFIR is regulated through MEK signalling, and suggest that the role of MEK is mediated, in part, through caldesmon.
Regional Implementation of Creatinine Measurement Standardization
Authors: Paul Komenda, Monica Beaulieu, David Seccombe, Adeera Levin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Because patients may receive care at multiple locations within a geographic area, serum creatinine measurements must be standardized across laboratories to enable comparisons of reported estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The results of a successful creatinine standardization program designed to minimize the contribution of laboratory error to the reporting of eGFR are reported; 107 laboratories, which tested creatinine on 124 analyzers from six different manufacturers, voluntarily participated. Each laboratory received a correction factor to apply to its creatinine measurements to standardize them to the isotope dilution mass spectrometry reference method. The adjusted values were then used to calculate eGFR using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. The standardization program reduced the average total error in the measurement of creatinine from 23.9 to 8.7% and the average analytical bias from 16.5 to 2.7%. Implementing this program on a larger scale could reduce the rate of incorrect classification of stage 3 chronic kidney disease by 84%.