tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protein Synthesis in Intestinal Mucosa: the Effect of Route of Administration of Precursor Amino Acids
Authors: David H. Alpers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

All cells in the intestinal villus of the rat are capable of synthesizing protein from amino acid precursors (l-leucine). Moreover, polyribosomes from both crypts and villi are equally able to incorporate l-leucine into protein. Unlike other tissues, e.g. liver, there is no diurnal variation of protein synthesis in the intestine of the unfed rat, whether leucine is administered intraluminally or intravenously. The route of administration of precursor (l-leucine) is important in determining which part of the villus incorporates the label into protein. After intravenous administration, protein from cells near the villus-crypt junction is most heavily labeled, whereas after intraluminal administration protein from cells near the villus tip is most heavily labeled. The pattern of proteins most heavily labeled by radioactive precursor is different in the villus when compared with proteins from the crypt cells. Smaller molecular weight membrane-bound proteins are preferentially labeled in the crypt cells, whereas on the villus the pattern of labeling is more evenly distributed among the various proteins. Moreover, intraluminal leucine is utilized for protein synthesis to a greater extent than that in the blood, when the concentration in both compartments is similar. Thus, intraluminal and intravenous injections of labeled precursor are not equivalent. Both routes should be considered in data for experiments measuring intestinal protein synthesis.
DISTRIBUTION OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE AND PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ACCORDING TO FRAMINGHAM RISK STRATA IN ASYMPTOMATIC KOREAN ADULTS
Authors: Chang Hee Kwon, Yong Kyu Park, Woo Seok Lee, Gyung-Min Park, Hae Geun Song, Jung-Min Ahn, Won-Jang Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Institutional Review Boards and Medical Devices
Authors: Joanne R. Less
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In their article in this issue ofThe Journal,<sup>1</sup>Sherertz and Streed provide a case study of an instance in which their institutional review board (IRB) came close to approving a clinical study on the mistaken belief that it was a nonsignificant risk study, whereas in fact it would be considered a significant risk study under Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and policies. See also p 955. The extent to which other investigators and IRBs experience the same problem as the authors is not known, but the FDA is aware of other such cases. In fact, the FDA is sufficiently concerned about this matter to have initiated a project in which the experience of IRBs over the last 2 years is being examined. Regardless of the extent of the problem, it is a serious one whenever it occurs. We welcome the opportunity to discuss the topic of significant
Exercise, Hypertension, and Left Ventricular Mass-Reply
Authors: Kerry J. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  As we mentioned in our article, pathological and physiological hypertrophy have been studied primarily in small animal models. A review of these studies 1 suggests that despite an increase in left ventricular mass, exercise seems to improve or reverse many of the harmful effects of hypertension-induced pathological hypertrophy. Our study was not designed to evaluate the effects of exercise on the mechanical and/or biochemical properties of the hypertrophied heart. However, our results, during a 10-week period, showed an increase in left ventricular mass without a change in diastolic function, which was consistent with the physiological hypertrophy observed in exercise-trained normotensive persons and athletes. We also asserted, as does Dr Haywood, that there is a need for investigation of the long-term effects of blood pressure reduction by resistive exercise training that may increase left ventricular mass compared with therapies that may reduce left ventricular mass, such as weight
Ronald Patrick Grimley
Authors: Richard Blunt
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Consultant surgeon Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley (b 1946; q Birmingham 1969; MD, FRCS), died from a heart attack on 26 September 2005.

Ron Grimley was a native Brummie. He was appointed vascular and general surgeon to the Dudley Health Authority in 1983. He had more than 40 publications to his name, and he became an examiner for the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1987. His enthusiasm for teaching helped Dudley's hospitals achieve teaching hospital status in partnership with the University of Birmingham, and he was the first clinical subdean. The undergraduate teaching centre, completed just before his death, was officially opened and named in his memory on 14 March 2006. He leaves a wife, Penny, and three children.
Sarcoma of the Spleen
Authors: P. Story, W. E. Gibb
Journal: BMJ (1952)

SPLENIC PUNCTURElarly the case in primary lymphosarcoma and in reticulum- cell sarcoma of the spleen, in which splenomegaly may be the only abnormal finding.In congestive splenomegaly due to various causes such as cirrhosis of the liver corroborative evidence in favour of the diagnosis is often provided. SummaryA simple technique for splenic puncture is described.Patterns of the splenogram in 43 patients with different blood diseases are given and the diagnostic value of the procedure is discussed.In the diagnosis of certain atypical or cryptic.types of leukaemia splenic puncture may be very useful.It is particularly valuable in the diagnosis of myeloid metaplasia of the spleen and in certain neoplastic processes which involve that organ.
The Effect of Parental Alcohol and Drug Disorders on Adolescent Personality
Authors: Irene J. Elkins, Matt McGue, Steve Malone, William G. Iacono
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

The relationship of parental alcohol or drug diagnosis to offspring personality was examined in a population-based sample of 17-year-old twins (568 girls and 479 boys) participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Whether offspring personality characteristics 1) are specific to the type of substance use disorder in parents (alcohol versus drug) and 2) are found in high-risk offspring without substance use disorders as well as in offspring with substance use disorders was investigated.Personality was assessed with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire; substance use disorders were assessed in person through diagnostic interviews.In both male and female offspring, parental history of alcohol dependence was associated with greater negative emotionality, aggression, stress reaction, and alienation but lower well-being; parental history of drug disorders was associated with lower constraint, control, harm avoidance, and traditionalism but higher social potency. Excluding offspring with a substance use disorder had virtually no effect on the statistical significance of these findings.In contrast to findings in some adult samples, personality characteristics associated with a family history of substance use disorders are found even in adolescent offspring who have not yet developed these disorders themselves, suggesting that personality might be one indicator of familial risk for substance use disorders during this developmental stage. Personality profiles of offspring of parents with substance use disorders also show some diagnostic specificity, with constraint associated with parental drug abuse and negative emotionality with parental alcoholism.
Health authority stops buying homoeopathy
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A London health authority has decided to stop paying for homoeopathic treatment because there is not enough evidence to support its use.

Lambeth, Southwark, and Lewisham Health Authority has been referring more than 500 patients a year to the Royal Homoeopathic Hospital in London. The authority says that the money it spent last year on complementary treatments would have allowed 100 patients to have hip replacements.

Public health doctors at the health authority carried out a review of the published scientific literature on homoeopathy as part of a …
Seasonal variation and time trends in childhood asthma in England and Wales 1975-81.
Authors: A Khot, R Burn, N Evans, C Lenney, W Lenney
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In England and Wales hospital admissions for childhood asthma almost trebled over the period 1975-81. This may have reflected a true increase in the incidence of acute asthma, a swing from primary to hospital care, or both. The trend was not due to a change in diagnostic fashion. Monthly admissions showed a pronounced seasonal variation with fewest admissions in winter, rising in spring and early summer to peak in the autumn. A deep admission trough was present in August. The monthly admission profile was very similar throughout England and Wales, suggesting that major "trigger" factors were responsible.
Pediatric Injury and the Steel Jaw Trap
Authors: John F. Beary
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pediatric textbooks routinely comment that accidents are the leading cause of death and morbidity in children and that most are preventable. I wish to report an unusual hazard that may become more common as our increasing population moves into previously sparsely settled areas. I recently treated a 4-year-old, righthanded girl who was caught by her right hand in a steel jaw trap that had been set by an unknown person in a small woods behind her home. The episode resulted in crush fractures and tendon disruption involving three fingers of her hand and required reconstructive surgery. The prognosis for a complete recovery of fine motor skills is doubtful. As with many other preventable health problems, this matter is best solved by changing public policy. The statement has been made that use of more humane animal traps will cause outbreaks of rabies and leptospirosis. That this is an
Laboratory Diagnosis of Hepatitis B
Authors: Jeral Ahtone, James E. Maynard
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B have caused considerable confusion regarding what the various laboratory test results actually tell the physician. This article explains, in a nontechnical fashion, what the various test results mean. Included is a flowchart that explains, for general physicians, the interpretation of test results and the public health implications of serological findings as they relate to hepatitis B. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2067-2069)
Ventricular Septal Defects in the Infant Age Group
Authors: STELLA C. ZACHARIOUDAKIS, KORNEL TERPLAN, EDWARD C. LAMBERT
Journal: Circulation (1957)

An analysis was made of the 23 cases of isolated ventricular septal defects seen at autopsy over a 20-year period at a children's hospital. All of the deaths occurred during the first 15 months of life. In addition to the clinical and morphologic findings, cardiac catheterization data obtained on 6 of the infants are presented. A wide range of electrocardiographic variation with respect to ventricular hypertrophy was found. No simple relationship between the size of the defect and the clinical manifestations could be demonstrated. The surgical implications of the findings are discussed.
Variability in mortality after caesarean delivery, appendectomy, and groin hernia repair in low-income and middle-income countries: implications for expanding surgical services
Authors: Thomas G Weiser, Tarsicio Uribe-Leitz, Rui Fu, Joshua Jaramillo, Lydia Maurer, Micaela M Esquivel, Atul A Gawande, Alex B Haynes
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Outcomes Following Coronary Stenting in the Era of Bare-Metal vs the Era of Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: David J. Malenka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Although drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis rates relative to bare-metal stents, concerns have been raised that drug-eluting stents may also be associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis. Our study focused on the effect of stent type on population-based interventional outcomes.To compare outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries who underwent nonemergent coronary stenting before and after the availability of drug-eluting stents.Observational study of 38,917 Medicare patients who underwent nonemergent coronary stenting from October 2002 through March 2003 when only bare-metal stents were available (bare-metal stent era cohort) and 28,086 similar patients who underwent coronary stenting from September through December 2003, when 61.5% of patients received a drug-eluting stent and 38.5% received a bare-metal stent (drug-eluting stent era cohort). Follow-up data were available through December 31, 2005.Coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass surgery), ST-elevation myocardial infarction, survival through 2 years of follow-up.Relative to the bare-metal stent era, patients treated in the drug-eluting stent era had lower 2-year risks for repeat percutaneous coronary interventions (17.1% vs 20.0%, P < .001) and coronary artery bypass surgery (2.7% vs 4.2%, P < .01). The difference in need for repeat revascularization procedures between these 2 eras remained significant after risk adjustment (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.85). There was no difference in unadjusted mortality risks at 2 years (8.4% vs 8.4%, P =.98 ), but a small decrease in ST-elevation myocardial infarction existed (2.4% vs 2.0%, P < .001). The adjusted hazard of death or ST-elevation myocardial infarction at 2 years was similar (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.01).The widespread adoption of drug-eluting stents into routine practice was associated with a decline in the need for repeat revascularization procedures and had similar 2-year risks for death or ST-elevation myocardial infarction to bare-metal stents.
Edrophonium: A Useful Provocative Test for Esophageal Chest Pain
Authors: JOEL E. RICHTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Esophageal motility disorders may be an important cause of noncardiac chest pain. To improve our diagnostic yield, we studied the use of edrophonium as a provocative test for inducing esophageal chest pain in 50 symptomatic patients without coronary artery disease and in 25 age-matched controls. Edrophonium (80 micrograms/kg of body weight, intravenous bolus) induced chest pain in 15 (30%) patients and in no controls. Edrophonium increased esophageal amplitude and repetitive contractions to a similar degree in all subjects, but the change in duration (101 +/- 13% [SE] was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) in patients in whom chest pain was induced. Drug specificity was assessed in 9 patients during cardiac catheterization, but no significant change was seen in coronary artery diameter, blood pressure, or heart rate. Further clinical testing using a placebo control confirmed a positivity rate of 28% in 125 unselected patients with chest pain referred to our laboratory; false-positive tests were infrequent (5.6%). No important side effects were seen. Edrophonium is useful for provoking esophageal chest pain.
Diagnosis of Gonorrhoea in Women: Comparison of Sampling Sites
Authors: M. N. Bhattacharyya, A. E. Jephcott, R. S. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A total of 250 women, 100 of them named contacts of men with gonorrhoea, were tested for infection. Each had prepared smear and culture specimens from urethra, endocervix, and vagina. The smears were Gram-stained and examined immediately. Cultures were taken using Stuart9s transport medium with later inoculation of both selective and non-selective media for each specimen. It was shown that examination of specimens from urethra and endocervix gave results superior to those found on examination of vaginal material alone. The study revealed that nearly one infected woman in three would have been missed if vaginal material only had been examined. Failure to secure a prompt scientific diagnosis has serious epidemiological implications. Our results find support in the work of others. We conclude that the suggestion in some quarters that examination of vaginal material for the detection of gonococci is adequate should be abandoned. Any who feel unwilling to accept this view should at least supplement their testing with examination of urethral and endocervical specimens.
Should Low-Risk Patients Be Treated With Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy–Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation in an Off-Protocol Setting?
Authors: Meena S. Moran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.1642 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 30, 2013 PMID: 24081936 Should Low-Risk Patients Be Treated With Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy–Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation in an Off-Protocol Setting? Meena S. MoranxMeena S. MoranSearch for articles by this author Show More Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.51.1642 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2013 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
T lymphocytes bearing the γδ T-cell receptor: a study in normal human skin and pathological skin conditions
Authors: M. ALAIBAC, J. MORRIS, R. YU, A.C. CHU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of γδ T cells in normal human skin, and the possible role of these cells in cutaneous reactions. Twenty-eight samples of normal skin from various sites, and 52 biopsies from inflammatory and neoplastic skin conditions were investigated by immunohistochemical techniques. In normal human skin γδ T cells were infrequently seen in the epidermis and dermis. In the inflammatory and neoplastic dermatoses, γδ T cells were occasionally present, accounting for 0–5% of CD3+ cells in most of the biopsies examined. In one case of pityriasis lichenoides chronica and one case of lichen planus γδ T cells were found to be increased, accounting for 15% of the CD3+ cells in each case. Dermal γδ T cells were markedly increased in three of six cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. with up to 30% of dermal CD3+ cells showing positive staining to an anti-T-cell receptor γδ monoclonal antibody. In two of these cases γδ T cells were seen in both the dermis and the epidermis. In two further cases dermal γδ T cells were not a prominent feature, but small clusters of epidermal γδ T cells were observed. T cells bearing the γδ T-cell receptor are thus not a major feature of normal human epidermis, unlike the murine system, where the great majority of epidermal lymphocytes express the γδ T-cell receptor. The finding of numerous γδ T cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis suggests a possible functional relationship between γδ T cells and Langerhans cells or possibly a pathogenic role of these cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Clinical Trial Results May Lead to Changes in Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Trial DrugMay Be a Heart Failure Hit One of the most significant studies discussed at the conference and published simultaneously in theNewEngland Journal of Medicine demonstrated the clinical potential of an investigational heart failure drug, LCZ696 (McMurray JJ et al. N Engl J Med. 2014;371[11]:993-1004). “Heart failure is very common, disabling, and even deadly; it frequently leads to hospital admission and readmission; and it’s very costly,” said John McMurray, MD, professor of medical cardiology at the UniversityofGlasgow, inScotland. “Althoughwe have effective drugs and devices that help one type of heart failure—heart failure with reducedejection fraction—even in this type of heart failure there is still a need for better treatments, and there is no known effective treatment for the other type of heart failure—heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.” With this type, the heart contracts normally, but the ventriclesdonot relax properly and less blood enters theheart. McMurray reported results from the 8442patient PARADIGM-HF trial,whichhis team stopped early after a 27-monthmedian follow-upbecause of a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality in patients taking the drug, which consists of the angiotensin receptorblocker valsartanandanovel compound, sacubitril. The formercomponent interferes with the action of the peptide hormoneangiotensin II, resulting invasodilation. The latter inhibits neprilysin, a peptide that helps drive heart failure processes such as vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and structural alterations in the heart. Investigators compared LCZ696 with the current standard of treatment, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril), which, like an angiotensin receptor blocker, affects the reninangiotensin pathway but by a different mechanism. This pathway is involved in the regulation of sodium balance, fluid volume, and blood pressure. Compared with enalapril, LCZ696 was associatedwith16%to21%reductions inthe primary end point (the combination of cardiovasculardeathorhospitalizationforheart failure), the individual components of the endpoint, andall-causemortality. Itwasalso more effective at reducing heart failure symptoms. Thestudymetall of itsmajorendpoints in all patient subgroupswhilemaintaining a good safety profile. “The trial showed unequivocally that LCZ696 was indeed superior:patients feltbetter,were less likely tobe admitted to hospital, andwere less likely to die on LCZ696 than on enalapril, which we While changes to heart attack treatment protocols are likely in store...more research is needed to provide surgeons with additional guidance. Results from recent cardiovascular clinical trials may lead to changes in treatment guidelines. Medical News&Perspectives......p1957
Mifepristone (RU 486) — An Abortifacient to Prevent Abortion?
Authors: David A. Grimes, Rebecca J. Cook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Although the use of postcoital or emergency contraception dates back at least two millennia,1 practical methods did not evolve until the 1960s, when large doses of estrogen given soon after unprotected intercourse or a contraceptive failure (such as a torn condom) were found to prevent pregnancy.2 Two decades later, postcoital contraception remains underused, because many women — and health care professionals — are unaware of its availability. College-student health services have been the most visible providers, although affiliates of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America and some private physicians also offer postcoital contraception. To date, no sponsor has requested approval . . .
Increasing the accessibility of data
Authors: G D Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In 1849 the Philadelphia physician Samuel George Morton claimed that black people had smaller cranial capacities than white people.I As Morton included raw data in his publications Stephen Jay Gould was able to reanalyse them 130 years after Morton's death.12What Gould found was that there were no grounds for Morton's claims: the data had been manipulated to support the investigator's prior hypothesis.By publishing his data in full Morton was unconsciously engaging in sharing data.While providing access to the full details and results of experiments has long been considered a characteristic ethos of science,3 discussion of the principles and practicalities has been more recent.247Various benefits of sharing data can be identified.278Firstly, as the collection of data generally constitutes the main cost of studies, the use of existing data to answer issues not directly addressed by the primary researchers represents an efficient use of resources.
Prevalence of infection with hepatitis B and C virus and coinfection with HIV in medical inpatients in Malawi
Authors: M. Nyirenda, M.B.J. Beadsworth, P. Stephany, C.A. Hart, I.J. Hart, C. Munthali, N.J. Beeching, E.E. Zijlstra
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)