tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leukotriene A<sub>4</sub>Hydrolase Inhibition Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Navin L. Rao, Jason P. Riley, Homayon Banie, Xiaohua Xue, Binggang Sun, Shelby Crawford, Katherine A. Lundeen, Fuqu Yu, Lars Karlsson, Anne M. Fourie, Paul J. Dunford
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Allergic asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, lung inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Previous studies using leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) receptor 1-deficient mice and adoptive transfer experiments have suggested that LTB(4) plays a role in lung inflammation and AHR.In this study, we used a leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H) inhibitor as a pharmacological tool to directly examine the role of LTB(4) in a mast cell-dependent murine model of allergic airway inflammation.We used the forced oscillation technique to test the effects of an LTA(4)H inhibitor dosed during the challenge phase on AHR. Lung tissue and lavage were collected for analysis.Treatment with an LTA(4)H inhibitor improved multiple parameters encompassing AHR and lung function. Significant decreases in inflammatory leukocytes, cytokines, and mucin were observed in the lung lumen. Serum levels of antigen-specific IgE and IgG1 were also decreased. Labeled antigen uptake by lung dendritic cells and subsequent trafficking to draining lymph nodes and the lung were decreased on LTA(4)H inhibitor treatment. Provocatively, inhibition of LTA(4)H increased lipoxin A(4) levels in lung lavage fluid.These data suggest that LTB(4) plays a key role in driving lung inflammation and AHR. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that inhibition of LTA(4)H, affects recruitment of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, as well as trafficking of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes, and may beneficially modulate other pro- and antiinflammatory eicosanoids in the lung. Inhibition of LTA(4)H is thus a potential therapeutic strategy that could modulate key aspects of asthma.
Recovery of splenic function after gvhd‐associated functional asplenia
Authors: George E. V. Demetrakopoulos, George C. Tsokos, Arthur S. Levine
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract An adolescent male patient developed functional asplenia in the course of graft versus host disease (GVHD) after successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for aplastic anemia. Coincident with the onset of the asplenia, amelioration of the ongoing GVHD was observed. Unexpectedly, after 34 months of functional asplenia, the organ regained its function without evidence of graft rejection or reactivation of GVHD.
The limits imposed by culture: Are symmetry preferences evidence of a recent reproductive strategy or a common primate inheritance?
Authors: Lesley Newson, Stephen Lea
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Women's preference for symmetrical men need not have evolved as part of a good gene sexual selection (GGSS) reproductive strategy employed during recent human evolutionary history. It may be a remnant of the reproductive strategy of a perhaps promiscuous species which existed prior to the divergence of the human line from that of the bonobo and chimp.
Trauma and Long-term Mortality—Reply
Authors: Giana H. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Common Bone Features in Osteomalacia, Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, and Renal Osteodystrophy
Authors: H VERLOOY, M De ROO, L MORTELMANS, J DEQUEKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Metabolic bone disorders are characterized by a nonspecific increase of Tc-99m MDP uptake in the skeleton. The effects may be generalized and/or local. Here, two clinical entities of secondary hyperparathyroidism are presented— osteomalacia and renal osteodystrophy.
Bilateral diaphragmatic weakness: a late complication of radiotherapy
Authors: P. E. Brander, V. Jarvinen, P. Lohela, T. Salmi
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Brachial plexus neuropathy is an unfortunate complication that sometimes follows radiotherapy to the axillary and supraclavicular regions. A patient is described who, 30 years after radiotherapy for Hodgkin9s disease and more than 10 years after the development of radiation-induced bilateral brachial plexus neuropathy, presented with bilateral diaphragmatic weakness secondary to bilateral phrenic nerve weakness. Previous radiotherapy was the most probable cause of the condition.
Vitamin K Supplements
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Livestock seromonitoring and human brucellosis in central Mongolia: applying the one health approach
Authors: S Ariunaa, L Oyunaa, E Schelling, L Amarsanaa
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundThe National Mongolian Livestock Programme 2010–21, approved by the Mongolian Parliament in 2010, includes activities to eliminate brucellosis from Mongolia. As part of this programme, the Mongolian authorities planned to vaccinate animals in Western Aimags in 2011 and in the Central Aimags in 2012. The current project was implemented between 2011 and 2014 and included three seromonitoring studies conducted after the mass vaccination of livestock in Mongolia. The aim of this study was to assist the government in effective planning of brucellosis control measures and capacity-building in epidemiology.MethodsThe project consisted of three components: theoretical training on epidemiology, field work, and data analysis training. We conducted a cross-sectional study to measure vaccination and immunisation coverage and the prevalence of human brucellosis in the central region of Mongolia. We randomly selected two aimags (provinces)—Dundgobi and Uvurkhangai—from the nine aimags in Central Mongolia. The selections of households and herds were done in a four-stage random cluster sampling, proportional to the size of the targeted livestock herd.FindingsHuman brucellosis seropositivity was higher in Dundgobi (26/254 [10%]) than in Uvurkhangai Aimag (9/252 [3·8%]). The reported vaccination frequency of livestock in a khot ail (a cluster of several households that share shelter, water, and pasture) was high (87% for cattle herds, 100% for yak, and 96% for goat and sheep herds). Seropositivity was 44% in cattle, 92% in yak, 70% in goats, and 65% in sheep. As part of the project, 40 epidemiology professionals received training and they are now able to apply the knowledge gained from the programme to their work. Furthermore, the Mongolian government has data for rates of brucellosis in humans and livestock in Central and Eastern Mongolia as a result of this project.InterpretationThe project has provided the groundwork for sustainable development by training Mongolian professionals to monitor brucellosis vaccination at a national level. The fight against brucellosis requires long-term commitment and financial and technical support from various stakeholders, including herders, veterinarians, medical professionals, and decision makers. Among ongoing challenges is that there is resistance from some veterinarians who deny the benefits of the one health approach and the contribution of international experts.FundingThe project has been funded by the "Animal Health" project implemented jointly by the Government of Mongolia and the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute in Basel, with financial support from the Swiss development agency.
Induced sensitization of tumor stroma leads to eradication of established cancer by T cells
Authors: Bin Zhang, Natalie A. Bowerman, Joseph K. Salama, Hank Schmidt, Michael T. Spiotto, Andrea Schietinger, Ping Yu, Yang-Xin Fu, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Donald A. Rowley, David M. Kranz, Hans Schreiber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Targeting cancer cells, as well as the nonmalignant stromal cells cross-presenting the tumor antigen (Ag), can lead to the complete destruction of well-established solid tumors by adoptively transferred Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). If, however, cancer cells express only low levels of the Ag, then stromal cells are not destroyed, and the tumor escapes as Ag loss variants. We show that treating well-established tumors expressing low levels of Ag with local irradiation or a chemotherapeutic drug causes sufficient release of Ag to sensitize stromal cells for destruction by CTLs. This was shown directly using high affinity T cell receptor tetramers for visualizing the transient appearance of tumor-specific peptide-MHC complexes on stromal cells. Maximum loading of tumor stroma with cancer Ag occurred 2 d after treatment and coincided with the optimal time for T cell transfer. Under these conditions, tumor rejection was complete. These findings may set the stage for developing rational clinical protocols for combining irradiation or chemotherapy with CTL therapy.
Trial of aspirin during weaning patients with transient ischaemic attacks from anticoagulants.
Authors: J Jestico, M J Harrison, J Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1978)

tion,4 and with a similar "intellectual content," were not preferred by the respondents, largely for aesthetic reasons.The greater convenience .indeconomy of reprints cited by several of those who returned the questionnaire no doubt reflected a personal outlook not shared, I imagine, by most reprint providers-although I hope that most would support the solitary philatelist.If the number of reprint requests reflects the interest generated, it seems an author ought to receive over 110 requests for a paper of above average interest.Most authors accept a moral responsibility to provide reprints and this must be balanced against the costs.Often these are wholly or partially derived from research funds, official sources, or the NHS.In any case, money has to be spent and if borne directly by the individual concerned, as in my case, almost certainly
An Internist Looks at Behavior
Authors: Eugene A. Stead
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The discussion is that all behavior is determined by structure. Changes in the structure are most easily demonstrated by functional tests. By using two kinds of tests, one can determine if an automobile engine will run: (1) he can examine atom by atom the structure of the car, and (2) he can turn on the ignition key, step on the starter, and quickly know if the anatomy of the motor allows it to run. All of us would elect to use the functional method of testing to evaluate the structure of the motor. When I refer to structure, I am including ultramicroscopic arrangement of matter as well as the microscopic and gross aspects of structure. For the purposes of this discussion, the change of glucose to glycogen, the change in adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate, the change in hemoglobin to bilirubin are treated as changes in structure. The movement of
CARBOLATED PETROLEUM JELLY
Authors: Henry S. Patton
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Some six months ago a 74-year-old woman wore a tight shoe in which there was a bow and a knot that tied behind her heel which caused a blister. After this she used carbolated petroleum jelly, which I did not know was still on the market, and it sloughed the skin for an area 2 in. in diameter over her tendo achillis. Her leg shows no tendency to numbness. She has been referred for plastic repair. Anyone who has repaired the exposed tendo achillis, even in a young healthy adult, well knows the risks entailed. I send this letter toThe Journalso that drug manufacturers may be warned that carbolic solution in any drug is a potent agent at times, especially if it is used repeatedly. The circulation to the patient's legs is excellent for her age, and I can only blame the severe injury on
Malignant Tumours and Parasitism
Authors: H. T. Butlin
Journal: BMJ (1884)

Joa-t.1, 14] T18B14TI&t AW,JICAL JrO 1rLN,L minds free from prejudice in such matters; and, when you hear any method of treatment, which has been tested by experience, assailed by arguments which.are.absolutely inconsistent with one another, let me, slightly altering the scriptural injunction, say, " Go thou and do otAervise."** In a recent contribution to a contee,porary, Dr. L. -ay-7hutt.lewortU of San Remo states: " I was miuch struck with the fact that, in the great majority of cases, whlere carbolic inihalations were used with an oro-nasal inhaler in-suffidient quantity, a great diminution in the number' of bacllli toolt placn; d that, though from tixne to imne freshcrops apeared,,theiw,when the inhalationsg were continue,d, regularly but graduallr.tdiminissed,-bqh in 'fequen'Y qf occur- ien6e and in the rel1tive number of bacilli."'Thes valuablte obseviatklns of Dr. Kay-Shuttlewrith ace6drd with yv owni'perienee and that..-of many other, observers who have dillgentlv and earefulyV fo1lnwdC thi method.,
Inhaled crocidolite mutagenicity in lung DNA.
Authors: B Rihn, C Coulais, E Kauffer, M C Bottin, P Martin, F Yvon, J C Vigneron, S Binet, N Monhoven, G Steiblen, G Keith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We used transgenic mice carrying the lacI reporter gene to study the mutagenesis potential of asbestos crocidolite. The animals were exposed by nose-only inhalation to an aerosol containing 5.75 mg/m(3) crocidolite dust for 6 hr/day and 5 consecutive days. After 1, 4, and 12 weeks, we examined four end points: the cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage, the lung load of crocidolite, the hydrophobic DNA adducts, and the mutations in the lacI reporter gene. Twelve weeks after exposure, nearly 10% of the inhaled fibers remained in the lung (227 +/- 103 ng/mg lung). There was evidence of a typical inflammatory response consisting of multinucleate macrophages at weeks 4 and 12, whereas immediately after the exposure, we observed numerous polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The mutant frequency significatively increased during the fourth week after the exposure: 13.5 [time] 10(-5) in the exposed group versus 6. 9 10(-5) in the control group. The induction factor, defined by the ratio of checked mutants of exposed mice to checked mutants of control mice, was 1.96. The mutation spectrum of control lung DNA and exposed lung DNA was similar, suggesting the possible involvement of a DNA repair decrease in crocidolite-treated animals. We used the (32)P-postlabeling method and did not detect any increase of either 5 mC or bulky adduct in treated mice. This is the first study that demonstrates asbestos mutagenicity in vivo after a nose-only inhalation.
Immunohistochemical and biochemical evidence for a cardiovascular mineralocorticoid receptor.
Authors: M Lombès, M E Oblin, J M Gasc, E E Baulieu, N Farman, J P Bonvalet
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The presence of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated in the heart and blood vessels of rabbits. Immunohistochemical methods using the monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody H10E, which interacts with the steroid binding domain of MRs, revealed the presence of immunoreactive material in the heart and large blood vessels. In the heart, a positive staining was observed in myocytes and endothelial cells of atria and ventricles. In vessels, MRs were detected in the aorta and pulmonary artery. They were localized in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. No staining was present in the small vascular bed, arterioles, and capillaries. In all these studies, the mineralocorticoid specificity of the staining was assessed by in situ competition experiments with aldosterone and RU486, a glucocorticoid antagonist. The presence of MRs in the heart and vessels was further demonstrated by specific aldosterone binding to one class of high affinity binding sites in the cytosol of the adrenalectomized rabbit heart (Kd, 0.25 nM; maximum MR concentration, 15-20 fmol/mg protein), whose mineralocorticoid specificity has been clearly established by competition studies. Sedimentation gradient analyses revealed that the cardiovascular MR is an 8.5S hetero-oligomer that includes the heat shock protein 90. The physicochemical characteristics of the cardiovascular MRs are virtually identical to those of the renal MRs. Altogether, our results clearly demonstrate the presence of MRs in the cardiovascular system. This supports the possibility of direct aldosterone actions in the heart and blood vessels.
Is it time to pilot paying for organs?
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Last year the BMJ ’s news editor, Annabel Ferriman, had one of her kidneys removed so she could donate it to a friend. Her motivation? “I did it entirely voluntarily and have derived a great deal of satisfaction from it” (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a277). Is this altruistic act, and others like it, the answer to the growing gap between the demand for kidneys and the supply?

Ferriman’s experience was not all plain sailing. From the breezy offer at a party to the operation itself took nearly a year and a half, and although the outcome has been good for both donor and recipient she describes frustrations and delays that made her sometimes wonder why she had ever volunteered. …
Anti-perforin antibody treatment ameliorates experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in WKY rats
Authors: H. Fujinaka, T. Yamamoto, L. Feng, M. Nameta, G. Garcia, S. Chen, A.G.A. El-shemi, K. Ohshiro, K. Katsuyama, Y. Yoshida, E. Yaoita, C.B. Wilson
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Treatment Strategies for Patients With Ischemic Chest Pain
Authors: Jeffrey I. Algazy
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Stone and colleagues<sup>1</sup>report findings from their study designed to investigate the natural history and treatment of patients with unstable angina or non—Qwave myocardial infarction (MI). In their conclusions, the investigators suggest that "more aggressive strategies should be directed to those patients with the greatest likelihood of adverse outcomes." Although this conclusion generally makes logical clinical sense (ie, women with angina or MI), the investigators have taken a giant leap in extending this conclusion to elderly patients without further investigation. This study showed that elderly patients received significantly less aggressive medical management, underwent fewer angiographic procedures and revascularizations, and experienced more severe outcomes. It is possible, as the authors suggest, that elderly patients and their families refuse aggressive procedures and therapy or that invasive procedures are offered to the elderly less often because of coexisting morbidities. It seems only logical that, before we can suggest
Cimetidine prophylaxis for gastrointestinal bleeding in an intensive care unit.
Authors: A Groll, J B Simon, R D Wigle, K Taguchi, R J Todd, W T Depew
Journal: Gut (1986)

The efficacy of cimetidine in the prevention of gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a general intensive care unit was evaluated in 221 patients by a placebo controlled double blind randomised study. Criteria for bleeding were (i) haematemesis or gastric aspirate greater than 50 ml fresh blood, (ii) melaena or fresh blood per rectum with an upper source verified by endoscopy if the gastric aspirate was clear, (iii) a fall in haemoglobin level greater than 2 g/dl in a 24 hour period associated with either 4+ occult blood in stools, or coffee ground gastric drainage of at least 100 ml. The drug and placebo groups were similar for age, sex, duration of study and risk factors. One hundred and fourteen received cimetidine and 107 placebo. Only 8% of the patients bled with no significant difference between the two groups (6/114 cimetidine, 11/107 placebo; p = 0.16). There was no correlation between the frequency of bleeding and either the number of risk factors per patient or the duration of intensive care unit stay. Thirteen patients died in each study group, resulting in overall mortality of 12%. The low incidence of haemorrhage, the lack of statistical benefit from cimetidine and the similar mortality all argue against the routine use of this drug in intensive care unit patients.
THE EFFECT OF DIGESTS OF PURE PROTEINS ON CELL PROLIFERATION
Authors: Lillian E. Baker, Alexis Carrel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. The pepsin hydrolytic products of the pure proteins, crystalline egg albumin, crystalline edestin, and purified fibrin, are utilized by fibroblasts for their proliferation. It appears, therefore, that the growth of fibroblasts in fibrin digests and in the proteose of Witte's peptone is due to the split products of the protein itself and not to accompanying cellular constituents or other impurities. Preliminary denaturation of the protein, as carried out in these experiments, does not alter the nutritive properties of the digest. 2. The digests of the pure proteins employed are deficient in certain substances and do not meet the entire nutritive requirement of the cells for an unlimited period of time. Some supplementary nutritive substances are present in fresh embryonic heart tissue. This circumstance explains the growth of fibroblasts from fresh embryonic heart in digests which do not promote the growth of a pure strain of fibroblasts. 3. Glycocoll and nucleic acid have been found to supplement the nutritive action of pure protein digests for sarcomatous fibroblasts, and to increase greatly the length of life of the tissues. 4. Vegetable proteins, as well as animal proteins, yield proteolytic products which promote the multiplication of fibroblasts.