tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Yersinia enterocolitica infection on rabbit intestinal and colonic goblet cells and mucin: morphometrics, histochemistry, and biochemistry.
Authors: M Mantle, E Atkins, J Kelly, E Thakore, A Buret, D G Gall
Journal: Gut (1991)

The effects of Yersinia enterocolitica on intestinal goblet cells were investigated in New Zealand white rabbits. Animals infected with Y enterocolitica were compared with weight matched and pair fed controls. Goblet cell hyperplasia developed in the distal small intestine of infected rabbits on day 1, in the mid small intestine on day 3, and in the upper small intestine on day 6. In all regions hyperplasia persisted throughout the 14 day study. The degree of hyperplasia was greater in the distal small intestine than the upper and mid regions. Goblet cells in the proximal colon of infected animals seemed to respond as those in the distal small intestine. Thus goblet cell hyperplasia developed more rapidly and to a greater extent in the ileocaecal region where mucosal injury was most severe. These changes resulted directly from Y enterocolitica infection since goblet cell numbers did not increase in pair fed controls. Histochemically, goblet cell mucins from infected rabbits were unchanged at either six or 14 days. Biochemical analysis, however, established that purified mucins from animals on day 6 after infection were less sialylated (in the small intestine) and more sulphated (in the small intestine and proximal colon). In addition, mucins from the distal small intestine and the proximal colon seemed to contain fewer but longer oligosaccharide chains.
Double-Blind Comparison of First- and Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Early-Onset Schizophrenia and Schizo-affective Disorder: Findings From the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS) Study
Authors: Linmarie Sikich, Jean A. Frazier, Jon McClellan, Robert L. Findling, Benedetto Vitiello, Louise Ritz, Denisse Ambler, Madeline Puglia, Ann E. Maloney, Emily Michael, Sandra De Jong, Karen Slifka, Nancy Noyes, Stefanie Hlastala, Leslie Pierson, Nora K. McNamara, Denise Delporto-Bedoya, Robert Anderson, Robert M. Hamer, Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Objective: Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics are considered standard treatment for children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. However, the superiority of second-generation antipsychotics over first-generation antipsychotics has not been demonstrated. This study compared the efficacy and safety of two second-generation antipsychotics (olanzapine and risperidone) with a first-generation antipsychotic (molindone) in the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Method: This double-blind multisite trial randomly assigned pediatric patients with early-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder to treatment with either olanzapine (2.5–20 mg/day), risperidone (0.5–6 mg/day), or molindone (10–140 mg/day, plus 1 mg/day of benztropine) for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was response to treatment, defined as a Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement score of 1 or 2 and ≥20% reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: In total, 119 youth were randomly assigned to treatment. Of these subjects, 116 received at least one dose of treatment and thus were available for analysis. No significant differences were found among treatment groups in response rates (molindone: 50%; olanzapine: 34%; risperidone: 46%) or magnitude of symptom reduction. Olanzapine and risperidone were associated with significantly greater weight gain. Olanzapine showed the greatest risk of weight gain and significant increases in fasting cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, insulin, and liver transaminase levels. Molindone led to more self-reports of akathisia. Conclusions: Risperidone and olanzapine did not demonstrate superior efficacy over molindone for treating early-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Adverse effects were frequent but differed among medications. The results question the nearly exclusive use of second-generation antipsychotics to treat early-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. The safety findings related to weight gain and metabolic problems raise important public health concerns, given the widespread use of second-generation antipsychotics in youth for nonpsychotic disorders.
Through My Eyes
Authors: Hannah Breit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

On Being a Patient3 November 2015Through My EyesHannah Breit, BAHannah Breit, BAFrom Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-0932 Audio Reading - “Through My Eyes” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Through My Eyes," by H. Breit. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I was nearing the homestretch of a typical Thursday, full of medical school lectures, a hasty trip to the gym, and a hurried attempt at meal preparation before some much-deserved relaxation. I heard the recognizable buzz of an incoming call, and I caught my image in the mirror as I sat to answer the telephone.Seconds later, I watched as the young, energetic woman reflecting back at me began to blur. Tears welling, she could not comprehend the news that the doctor hesitantly shared. The woman who a moment ago seemed invincible was now melting into her bed, hugging her ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.Corresponding Author: Hannah Breit, BA, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1039 Irving Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27103; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Through My Eyes” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Through My Eyes," by H. Breit. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 November 2015Volume 163, Issue 9Page: 723-724KeywordsCellsEatingEmotionsHospital medicineRacial and ethnic issuesScarsSleepSurgerySyncopeThyroid carcinoma ePublished: 3 November 2015 Issue Published: 3 November 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Transfection of CD40 in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma keratinocyte line upregulates immune potency and costimulatory molecules
Authors: M. Villarroel Dorrego, S.A. Whawell, P.M. Speight, A.W. Barrett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Transfection of CD40 in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma keratinocyte line upregulates immune potency and costimulatory molecules Get access M. Villarroel Dorrego, M. Villarroel Dorrego Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Universidad Santa Maria, and Institute of Dental Research, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela *Department of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K. †Department of Histopathology, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.A. Whawell, S.A. Whawell Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Universidad Santa Maria, and Institute of Dental Research, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela *Department of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K. †Department of Histopathology, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. Speight, P.M. Speight Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Universidad Santa Maria, and Institute of Dental Research, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela *Department of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K. †Department of Histopathology, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.W. Barrett A.W. Barrett Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Universidad Santa Maria, and Institute of Dental Research, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela *Department of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K. †Department of Histopathology, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, U.K A.W. Barrett. E‐mail: bill.barrett@qvh.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 2, 1 February 2006, Pages 231–238, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07006.x Published: 01 February 2006 Article history Accepted: 02 August 2005 Published: 01 February 2006
Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: a rational approach to treatment.
Authors: A P Mowat, P Gutjahr, B Portmann, J L Dawson, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1976)

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in a 3 year old child has been successfully treated by ligation of the hepatic artery branches supplying the lesion. The prominence of the abnormal vasculature in the lesion and its possible aetiological involvement is stressed. Because of the risks of partial hepatectomy, hepatic artery ligation is suggested as the treatment of choice for focal nodular hyperplasia.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment Improves Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate during Sleep in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Maria R. Bonsignore, Gianfranco Parati, Giuseppe Insalaco, Oreste Marrone, Paolo Castiglioni, Salvatore Romano, Marco Di Rienzo, Giuseppe Mancia, Giovanni Bonsignore
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The role of the arterial baroreflex in the cardiovascular changes associated with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on baroreflex function during sleep are unknown. Baroreflex control of heart rate was studied in 29 normotensive patients with OSAS under no treatment, in 11 age-matched control subjects, and in 10 patients at CPAP withdrawal after 5.5 +/- 3.7 (range 3-14) months of treatment. Baroreflex control of heart rate was assessed by "sequence method" analysis of continuous blood pressure recordings (Finapres) obtained during nocturnal polysomnography. In untreated OSAS, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was low during wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (REM) stage 2 sleep compared with control subjects, and correlated inversely with mean lowest Sa(O(2)) and the blood pressure increase after apneas. After CPAP treatment, the apnea-hypopnea index was lower, and mean lowest Sa(O(2)) higher than before treatment. After CPAP, patients were more bradycardic, blood pressure and its standard deviation decreased as Sa(O(2)) improved in non-REM stage 2 sleep, and BRS increased (nocturnal wakefulness: +59%; non-REM stage 2 sleep: +68% over pretreatment values). Our data suggest that baroreflex dysfunction in OSAS may be at least partly accounted for by nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia, and can be reversed by long-term CPAP treatment.
Primary Ewing's sarcoma presenting as a Pancoast tumour
Authors: L. Vanfleteren, R. van Stiphout, R. G. Riedl, R. Jansen, D. De Ruysscher, A.-M. C. Dingemans
Journal: Thorax (2010)

A 48-year-old woman without a significant medical history was referred to our department after the neurologist established Pancoast's syndrome and a well-demarcated homogenous mass in the apex of the right hemithorax on MRI study of the brachial plexus. The tumour was invading the thoracic wall, adjacent musculature and the right plexus brachialis and extended into the neuroforamen of C7–T1 (figure 1B,D). She had no respiratory complaints. She had …
Advances in Risk Classification and Treatment Strategies for Neuroblastoma
Authors: Navin R. Pinto, Mark A. Applebaum, Samuel L. Volchenboum, Katherine K. Matthay, Wendy B. London, Peter F. Ambros, Akira Nakagawara, Frank Berthold, Gudrun Schleiermacher, Julie R. Park, Dominique Valteau-Couanet, Andrew D.J. Pearson, Susan L. Cohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Risk-based treatment approaches for neuroblastoma have been ongoing for decades. However, the criteria used to define risk in various institutional and cooperative groups were disparate, limiting the ability to compare clinical trial results. To mitigate this problem and enhance collaborative research, homogenous pretreatment patient cohorts have been defined by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification system. During the past 30 years, increasingly intensive, multimodality approaches have been developed to treat patients who are classified as high risk, whereas patients with low- or intermediate-risk neuroblastoma have received reduced therapy. This treatment approach has resulted in improved outcome, although survival for high-risk patients remains poor, emphasizing the need for more effective treatments. Increased knowledge regarding the biology and genetic basis of neuroblastoma has led to the discovery of druggable targets and promising, new therapeutic approaches. Collaborative efforts of institutions and international cooperative groups have led to advances in our understanding of neuroblastoma biology, refinements in risk classification, and stratified treatment strategies, resulting in improved outcome. International collaboration will be even more critical when evaluating therapies designed to treat small cohorts of patients with rare actionable mutations.
Henry VIII's leg ulcers
Authors: Peter Perkins
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

I read with interest the essay by Chalmers and Chaloner speculating on Henry VIII's leg ulcers and their possible impact on the course of history, but would take issue on the subject of aetiology.1

Lower-limb venous insufficiency severe enough to cause venous ulcers is much less common in men and particularly at Henry's relatively young age. Likewise, bilateral deep vein thromboses would be most unusual. In any case, venous ulcers, while always infected, are surprisingly painless unless complicated by cellulitis. The precise location of Henry's leg ulcers would aid diagnosis, but are demurely hidden in Hans Holbein's painting. Unless therein lies a subtle clue that he is actually wearing prescription Class 2 compression hosiery. It seems more likely that his patience was sorely tried by the pain incurred by traumatic ulceration, chronic infection, suppuration and 16th-century ‘treatment’ that would have been detrimental to almost any medical disorder. His diet and nutrition may have been excessive (BMI approx 50+) but at least poor healing due to vitamin deficiency could safely be ruled out.

It is a shame that for all Henry's reported interest in matters medical, he didn't have the foresight to create a 16th-century prototype NICE.
Open-Label Phase III Trial of Panitumumab Plus Best Supportive Care Compared With Best Supportive Care Alone in Patients With Chemotherapy-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Eric Van Cutsem, Marc Peeters, Salvatore Siena, Yves Humblet, Alain Hendlisz, Bart Neyns, Jean-Luc Canon, Jean-Luc Van Laethem, Joan Maurel, Gary Richardson, Michael Wolf, Rafael G. Amado
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Panitumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We compared the activity of panitumumab plus best supportive care (BSC) to that of BSC alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had progressed after standard chemotherapy.We randomly assigned 463 patients with 1% or more EGFR tumor cell membrane staining, measurable disease, and radiologic documentation of disease progression during or within 6 months of most recent chemotherapy to panitumumab 6 mg/kg every 2 weeks plus BSC (n = 231) or BSC alone (n = 232). Tumor assessments by blinded central review were scheduled from week 8 until disease progression. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included objective response, overall survival (OS), and safety. BSC patients who progressed could receive panitumumab in a cross-over study.Panitumumab significantly prolonged PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.66, [P < .0001]). Median PFS time was 8 weeks (95% CI, 7.9 to 8.4) for panitumumab and 7.3 weeks (95% CI, 7.1 to 7.7) for BSC. Mean (standard error) PFS time was 13.8 (0.8) weeks for panitumumab and 8.5 (0.5) weeks for BSC. Objective response rates also favored panitumumab over BSC; after a 12-month minimum follow-up, response rates were 10% for panitumumab and 0% for BSC (P < .0001). No difference was observed in OS (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.22), which was confounded by similar activity of panitumumab after 76% of BSC patients entered the cross-over study. Panitumumab was well tolerated. Skin toxicities, hypomagnesaemia, and diarrhea were the most common toxicities observed. No patients had grade 3/4 infusion reactions.Panitumumab significantly improved PFS with manageable toxicity in patients with chemorefractory colorectal cancer.
Health-related quality of life in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Y. Lacasse, C. Godbout, F. Sériès
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The identification of the areas of quality of life (QoL) most likely to be affected by obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) would be an important step in the evaluation of the impact of the disease and its treatment modalities. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of OSA on patients' QoL. A list of 186 items potentially related to QoL of patients with OSA was constructed. From this list, consecutive patients were asked, at the time of the diagnosis, to identify the most significant items and to grade their importance on a 5‐point scale. The item impact was determined from the proportion of patients who identified it as important, and the mean importance score attributed to this item (impact score=frequency×importance). One hundred patients (82 male; mean age: 51 yrs) were interviewed. The items having the most important impact on QoL clustered into five domains: 1) daytime symptoms; 2) nocturnal symptoms; 3) limitation of activities; 4) emotions; and 5) interpersonal relationships. The impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on quality of life is not limited to excessive daytime sleepiness. Obstructive sleep apnoea significantly contributes to the impairment of all domains of what is usually referred to as “health-related quality of life”.
High Fidelity Patient-Derived Xenografts for Accelerating Prostate Cancer Discovery and Drug Development
Authors: Dong Lin, Alexander W. Wyatt, Hui Xue, Yuwei Wang, Xin Dong, Anne Haegert, Rebecca Wu, Sonal Brahmbhatt, Fan Mo, Lina Jong, Robert H. Bell, Shawn Anderson, Antonio Hurtado-Coll, Ladan Fazli, Manju Sharma, Himisha Beltran, Mark Rubin, Michael Cox, Peter W. Gout, James Morris, Larry Goldenberg, Stanislav V. Volik, Martin E. Gleave, Colin C. Collins, Yuzhuo Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Standardized and reproducible preclinical models that recapitulate the dynamics of prostate cancer are urgently needed. We established a bank of transplantable patient-derived prostate cancer xenografts that capture the biologic and molecular heterogeneity currently confounding prognostication and therapy development. Xenografts preserved the histopathology, genome architecture, and global gene expression of donor tumors. Moreover, their aggressiveness matched patient observations, and their response to androgen withdrawal correlated with tumor subtype. The panel includes the first xenografts generated from needle biopsy tissue obtained at diagnosis. This advance was exploited to generate independent xenografts from different sites of a primary site, enabling functional dissection of tumor heterogeneity. Prolonged exposure of adenocarcinoma xenografts to androgen withdrawal led to castration-resistant prostate cancer, including the first-in-field model of complete transdifferentiation into lethal neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Further analysis of this model supports the hypothesis that neuroendocrine prostate cancer can evolve directly from adenocarcinoma via an adaptive response and yielded a set of genes potentially involved in neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. We predict that these next-generation models will be transformative for advancing mechanistic understanding of disease progression, response to therapy, and personalized oncology.
Outpatient treatment and early discharge of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a systematic review
Authors: A. Squizzato, M. Galli, F. Dentali, W. Ageno
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The published literature regarding the safety of outpatient treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) was systematically summarised. A literature search was performed using the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Studies in which patients had symptomatic PE and the antithrombotic treatment was administered completely at home or the patients were discharged early were selected. A scoring system was used to divide studies into three quality categories. Short- and long-term outcomes were extracted: all-cause mortality, death from PE or from major haemorrhage, recurrent venous thromboembolism, and major bleeding. Eleven observational studies were included. No randomised controlled studies were identified. No study fulfilled the criteria for high quality. A total of 928 patients with symptomatic PE were treated completely as outpatients or discharged early; haemodynamic instability and hypoxia were the main exclusion criteria. No patient died during the first 7 days of antithrombotic treatment. Outpatient treatment of symptomatic PE is not based on high-quality evidence. Although the published data suggest that certain subgroups of haemodynamically and respiratorily stable patients may be safely treated at home when a well-defined management programme is applied, further studies are warranted for a short-term prognostic risk stratification of this PE subgroup.