tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Class I HDAC inhibition blocks cocaine-induced plasticity by targeted changes in histone methylation
Authors: Pamela J Kennedy, Jian Feng, A J Robison, Ian Maze, Ana Badimon, Ezekiell Mouzon, Dipesh Chaudhury, Diane M Damez-Werno, Stephen J Haggarty, Ming-Hu Han, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N Olson, Eric J Nestler
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Foreign Body in Right Side of Chest
Authors: Peter Smit, Jeffrey Brewer
Journal: JAMA (2013)

A man presented to the emergency department after being shot in the face. On primary and secondary survey, he had a patent airway, was hemodynamically stable, and had a single entrance wound over the right mandible. No exit wound was visible. The appearance of his oropharynx was unremarkable. The trachea was in midline and breath sounds were clear and equal in all lung fields. The patient had a persistent, dry cough. Radiography of the chest showed a foreign body in the right side of the chest (Figure A). After this initial imaging, the patient was log-rolled onto his left side, and computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest was obtained (Figure B).



Figure

Figure A. Anteroposterior chest radiograph taken in the trauma bay on arrival.




What would you do next?

Locally explore the mandibular wound


Perform angiography


Perform a thoracotomy to remove the foreign body


Perform flexible bronchoscopy




Diagnosis
Bullet Aspiration into the Left Main Bronchus


What to do next 


D. Perform flexible bronchoscopy 
The key clinical finding in this case was the CT demonstrating the bullet in the vicinity of the left main bronchus. Coupled with the cough, these findings suggest a bullet aspiration that should initially be evaluated with flexible bronchoscopy.
Long-term control of atopic dermatitis with pimecrolimus cream 1% in infants and young children: A two-year study
Authors: Kim A. Papp, Thomas Werfel, Regina Fölster-Holst, Jean-Paul Ortonne, Paul C. Potter, Yves de Prost, Miles J. Davidson, Nathalie Barbier, Hans-Peter Goertz, Carle Paul
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Inhibits Bronchoconstriction Induced by Cold-Air Inhalation in Guinea Pigs
Authors: SHIGEMI YOSHIHARA, JAY A. NADEL, MICHELA FIGINI, COSTANZA EMANUELI, PHILIPPE PRADELLES, PIERANGELO GEPPETTI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Inhalation of cold air in guinea pigs increases total pulmonary resistance (Rl), an effect that is mediated by kinins and tachykinins. Bronchoconstriction induced by bradykinin (BK) inhalation in guinea pigs is markedly inhibited by nitric oxide (NO) release from the airway epithelium. We investigated whether endogenous NO modulates the increase in Rl induced by inhalation of cold air. In anesthetized and artificially ventilated guinea pigs pretreated with atropine, cold-air inhalation (13 ° C in the trachea) for 5 min did not increase Rl. Pretreatment with intravenous NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (but not with its inactive enantiomer, d-NAME) increased Rl, an effect reversed by l-Arg. The increase in Rl induced by cold air after l-NAME was abolished by the tachykinin NK2-receptor antagonist SR 48968 or the kinin B2 -receptor antagonist, HOE 140. After administration of SR 48968, inhalation of cold air reduced baseline airway tone. However, after HOE 140, cold-air inhalation did not affect baseline airway tone. l-NAME exaggerated the bronchoconstriction induced by BK. However, l-NAME did not affect capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction. BK increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in strips of guinea pig trachealis muscle in vitro, whereas the selective tachykinin NK2-receptor agonist [ β Ala8]neurokinin A (4-10) was without effect. The present data suggest that bronchoconstriction induced by cold-air inhalation and mediated by kinin and tachykinin release is inhibited by endogenous NO, and that kinins, but not tachykinins or cold air alone, release bronchorelaxant NO.
The Climbing Costs of Cancer Care
Authors: N. MacReady
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

J uggling bills has become a way of life for Robert Marraro. Over the past year, his electricity and water have been turned off at various times, and he is 4 months behind on his mortgage. “We determine which bills are most important and pay those first, and then go back and catch up with the rest of them. You learn just how far behind you can fall so that they don’t turn something off or take it away from you, and then you wait another 2 or 3 months while you pay something else. I call it creative financing.” Marraro is unemployed, which accounts for much of the problem, but much of the money that does come in goes immediately toward expenses for his fiancee, Rebecca Esparza, who has cancer. Esparza is also jobless, mainly because she is too debilitated to work after treatments for ovarian and thyroid cancer. Esparza and Marraro are not alone: For millions of patients and their loved ones, cancer’s fi nancial effects can be just as devastating as its clinical consequences. Earlier this year, Scott Ramsey, M.D., Ph.D., drove home that point when he presented the fi ndings of a study on bankruptcy among cancer patients at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
MUSIC: identification of enriched regions in ChIP-Seq experiments using a mappability-corrected multiscale signal processing framework
Authors: Arif Harmanci, Joel Rozowsky, Mark Gerstein
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract We present MUSIC, a signal processing approach for identification of enriched regions in ChIP-Seq data, available at http://www.music.gersteinlab.org . MUSIC first filters the ChIP-Seq read-depth signal for systematic noise from non-uniform mappability, which fragments enriched regions. Then it performs a multiscale decomposition, using median filtering, identifying enriched regions at multiple length scales. This is useful given the wide range of scales probed in ChIP-Seq assays. MUSIC performs favorably in terms of accuracy and reproducibility compared with other methods. In particular, analysis of RNA polymerase II data reveals a clear distinction between the stalled and elongating forms of the polymerase.
Myeloid cells in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shanshan Wan, Ning Kuo, Ilona Kryczek, Weiping Zou, Theodore H. Welling
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly associated with inflammation. Myeloid cells, including tumor‐associated macrophages and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, are abundant in the HCC microenvironment and are often associated with poor prognosis. Myeloid cells in HCC play a vital role in supporting tumor initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about myeloid cells in HCC and focus on their immune‐suppressive activities and tumor‐promoting functions, as well as the relevance to potential new therapies in HCC. (H epatology 2015;62:1304‐1312)
Duration of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms Over the Menopause Transition
Authors: Nancy E. Avis, Sybil L. Crawford, Gail Greendale, Joyce T. Bromberger, Susan A. Everson-Rose, Ellen B. Gold, Rachel Hess, Hadine Joffe, Howard M. Kravitz, Ping G. Tepper, Rebecca C. Thurston
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

The expected duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS) is important to women making decisions about possible treatments.To determine total duration of frequent VMS (≥ 6 days in the previous 2 weeks) (hereafter total VMS duration) during the menopausal transition, to quantify how long frequent VMS persist after the final menstrual period (FMP) (hereafter post-FMP persistence), and to identify risk factors for longer total VMS duration and longer post-FMP persistence.The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a multiracial/multiethnic observational study of the menopausal transition among 3302 women enrolled at 7 US sites. From February 1996 through April 2013, women completed a median of 13 visits. Analyses included 1449 women with frequent VMS.Total VMS duration (in years) (hot flashes or night sweats) and post-FMP persistence (in years) into postmenopause.The median total VMS duration was 7.4 years. Among 881 women who experienced an observable FMP, the median post-FMP persistence was 4.5 years. Women who were premenopausal or early perimenopausal when they first reported frequent VMS had the longest total VMS duration (median, >11.8 years) and post-FMP persistence (median, 9.4 years). Women who were postmenopausal at the onset of VMS had the shortest total VMS duration (median, 3.4 years). Compared with women of other racial/ethnic groups, African American women reported the longest total VMS duration (median, 10.1 years). Additional factors related to longer duration of VMS (total VMS duration or post-FMP persistence) were younger age, lower educational level, greater perceived stress and symptom sensitivity, and higher depressive symptoms and anxiety at first report of VMS.Frequent VMS lasted more than 7 years during the menopausal transition for more than half of the women and persisted for 4.5 years after the FMP. Individual characteristics (eg, being premenopausal and having greater negative affective factors when first experiencing VMS) were related to longer-lasting VMS. Health care professionals should counsel women to expect that frequent VMS could last more than 7 years, and they may last longer for African American women.
Diabetes Screening Among Immigrants
Authors: Maria I. Creatore, Gillian L. Booth, Douglas G. Manuel, Rahim Moineddin, Richard H. Glazier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To examine diabetes screening, predictors of screening, and the burden of undiagnosed diabetes in the immigrant population and whether these estimates differ by ethnicity.A population-based retrospective cohort linking administrative health data to immigration files was used to follow the entire diabetes-free population aged 40 years and up in Ontario, Canada (N = 3,484,222) for 3 years (2004-2007) to determine whether individuals were screened for diabetes. Multivariate regression was used to determine predictors of having a diabetes test.Screening rates were slightly higher in the immigrant versus the general population (76.0 and 74.4%, respectively; P < 0.001), with the highest rates in people born in South Asia, Mexico, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Immigrant seniors (age ≥65 years) were screened less than nonimmigrant seniors. Percent yield of new diabetes subjects among those screened was high for certain countries of birth (South Asia, 13.0%; Mexico and Latin America, 12.1%; Caribbean, 9.5%) and low among others (Europe, Central Asia, U.S., 5.1-5.2%). The number of physician visits was the single most important predictor of screening, and many high-risk ethnic groups required numerous visits before a test was administered. The proportion of diabetes that remained undiagnosed was estimated to be 9.7% in the general population and 9.0% in immigrants.Overall diabetes-screening rates are high in Canada's universal health care setting, including among high-risk ethnic groups. Despite this finding, disparities in screening rates between immigrant subgroups persist and multiple physician visits are often required to achieve recommended screening levels.
Paget's disease of the vulva associated with local adenocarcinoma and previous breast adenocarcinoma: report of two cases
Authors: None Farrell, None Charnock, None Millard, None Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We report two women in whom vulval Paget's disease occurred in association with local adenocarcinoma and previous breast adenocarcinoma. The first patient presented at the age of 83 years with moist erythematous changes over the perineum and an indurated area near the anus. Biopsy of the indurated area showed Paget's cells throughout the epidermis and, below, adenocarcinoma infiltrating the dermis. Ten years previously, she had undergone a left mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. The second patient was diagnosed as having Paget's disease at the age of 74 years. A vulval biopsy showed Paget's cells in the epidermis but, in addition, there were changes suggestive of adenocarcinoma of the sweat glands. Her symptoms of vulval itching had started at the age of 45 years and had led to a simple vulvectomy at the age of 57 years. Retrospective review of this vulvectomy specimen showed Paget's disease. She had also previously been treated for infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast and adenocarcinoma of the rectum. The management of Paget's disease is difficult because of its high recurrence rate and, as illustrated by our two cases, treatment is difficult if the patients are elderly and in poor general health.
Antiviral treatment normalizes neurophysiological but not movement abnormalities in simian immunodeficiency virus–infected monkeys
Authors: Howard S. Fox, Michael R. Weed, Salvador Huitron-Resendiz, Jamal Baig, Thomas F.W. Horn, Peter J. Dailey, Norbert Bischofberger, Steven J. Henriksen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus monkeys provides an excellent model of the central nervous system (CNS) consequences of HIV infection. To discern the relationship between viral load and abnormalities induced in the CNS by the virus, we infected animals with SIV and later instituted antiviral treatment to lower peripheral viral load. Measurement of sensory-evoked potentials, assessing CNS neuronal circuitry, revealed delayed latencies after infection that could be reversed by lowering viral load. Cessation of treatment led to the reappearance of these abnormalities. In contrast, the decline in general motor activity induced by SIV infection was unaffected by antiviral treatment. An acute increase in the level of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) relative to plasma in the infected animals at the peak of acute viremia, likely contributing to an early influx of immune cells into the CNS. Examination of the brains of the infected animals after return of the electrophysiological abnormalities revealed diverse viral and inflammatory findings. Although some of the physiological abnormalities resulting from SIV infection can be at least temporarily reversed by lowering viral load, the viral-host interactions initiated by infection may result in long-lasting changes in CNS-mediated functions.
Collecting duct function in deoxycorticosterone acetate-escaped, normal, and salt-deprived rats. Response to hypervolemia.
Authors: H Sonnenberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The microcatheterization technique was used to study reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and potassium in the medullary collecting duct in chronically deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-treated and salt-loaded rats, as well as in normal and chronically salt-deprived (NaD) rats, before and after infusion of donor blood (33% of estimated circulating volume). Before expansion, urinary sodium excretion was highest in DOCA rats, intermediate in normal, and lowest in low salt rats. Significant collecting duct reabsorption was found in NaD, normal, and DOCA groups. In contrast to sodium, no net transport of potassium was found in any series. During intravascular expansion, increased renal excretion of fluid and sodium was observed uniformly in both DOCA and normal groups, whereas a diuretic response was found in five of seven rats, and a natriuretic response in four of seven rats of the NaD group. Natriuresis of DOCA rats was significantly greater than that of either normal or responding NaD rats. Diuresis and natriuresis in all three series were assocaited with complete inhibition of fluid and sodium reabsorption from the lumen of the medullary collecting duct, whereas such reabsorption persisted in nonresponding low salt rats. Increased sodium excretion in DOCA rats in comparison to the other two series could be explained by enhanced intratubular delivery of the ion to the medullary collecting system. I conclude that the renal response to acute blood volume expansion is due primarily to complete inhibition of both fluid and sodium reabsorption in the medullary collecting duct, but that differences in tubular delivery may modify the resulting diuresis and natriuresis.
Isolation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from Residential Indoor Bioaerosols
Authors: Angelina Gandara, Linda C. Mota, Carissa Flores, Hernando R. Perez, Christopher F. Green, Shawn G. Gibbs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In this study we evaluated the levels of Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in colony-forming units (CFU) per cubic meter of air.We used Andersen two-stage samplers to collect bioaerosol samples from 24 houses in El Paso, Texas, using tryptic soy agar as the collection media, followed by the replicate plate method on Chapman Stone selective medium to isolate S. aureus. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, and cefaclor, which represent two distinct classes of antibiotics.The average recovered concentration of respirable heterotrophic organisms found outside each home was 345.38 CFU/m3, with an average of 12.63 CFU/m3 for S. aureus. The average recovered concentration of respirable heterotrophic organisms found inside each home was 460.23 CFU/m3, with an average of 15.39 CFU/m3 for S. aureus. The respirable S. aureus recovered from inside each home had an average resistance of 54.59% to ampicillin and 60.46% to penicillin. Presence of cefaclor-resistant and of multidrug-resistant S. aureus was the same, averaging 13.20% per house. The respirable S. aureus recovered from outside each home had an average resistance of 34.42% to ampicillin and 41.81% to penicillin. Presence of cefaclor-resistant and of multidrug-resistant S. aureus was the same, averaging 13.96% per house.This study indicates that antibiotic-resistant bioaerosols are commonly found within residential homes. Our results also suggest that resistant strains of airborne culturable S. aureus are present in higher concentrations inside the study homes than outside the homes.
Barriers to the Delivery of Psychosocial Care for Cancer Patients: Bridging Mind and Body
Authors: Harold Alan Pincus, Sapana R. Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Harold Alan Pincus, The New York State Psychiatric Institute; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; and RAND Corp, Pittsburgh, PA Sapana R. Patel, The New York State Psychiatric Institute; and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
Cardiomyocyte proliferation and protection against post-myocardial infarction heart failure by cyclin D1 and Skp2 ubiquitin ligase
Authors: Mimi Tamamori-Adachi, Hiromitsu Takagi, Kimio Hashimoto, Kazumichi Goto, Toshinori Hidaka, Uichi Koshimizu, Kazuhiko Yamada, Ikuko Goto, Yasuhiro Maejima, Mitsuaki Isobe, Keiichi I. Nakayama, Norio Inomata, Shigetaka Kitajima
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Cyclins and other cell-cycle regulators have been used in several studies to regenerate cardiomyocytes in ischaemic heart failure. However, proliferation of cardiomyocytes induced by nuclear-targeted cyclin D1 (D1NLS) stops after one or two rounds of cell cycles due in part to accumulation of p27Kip1, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Thus, expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), a negative regulator of p27Kip1, significantly enhances the effect of D1NLS and CDK4 on cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro. Here, we examined whether Skp2 can also improve cardiomyocyte regeneration and post-ischaemic cardiac performance in vivo.Wistar rats underwent ischaemia/reperfusion injury by ligation of the coronary artery followed by injection of adenovirus vectors for D1NLS and CDK4 with or without Skp2. Enhanced proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the presence of Skp2 was demonstrated by increased expression of Ki67, a marker of proliferating cells (1.95% vs. 4.00%), and mitotic phosphorylated histone H3 (0.24% vs. 0.58%). Compared with rats that received only D1NLS and CDK4, expression of Skp2 improved left ventricular function as measured by the maximum and minimum rates of change in left ventricular pressure, the left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, left ventricle end-diastolic volume index, and the lung/body weight ratio.Expression of Skp2 enhanced the effect of D1NLS and CDK4 on the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and further contributed to improved post-ischaemic cardiac function. Skp2 might be a versatile tool to improve the effect of cyclins on post-ischaemic regeneration of cardiomyocytes in vivo.
Urinary T cells in active lupus nephritis show an effector memory phenotype
Authors: Sebastian Dolff, Wayel H Abdulahad, Marcory C R F van Dijk, Pieter C Limburg, Cees G M Kallenberg, Marc Bijl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is accompanied by alterations in T cell homeostasis including an increased effector response. Migrated effector memory T cells (CD45RO + CCR7 – ; T EM ) appear to be involved in tissue injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and phenotype of effector memory T cells in the peripheral blood (PB), and their presence in renal biopsies and urine of patients with SLE. The hypothesis that these T EM cells migrate to the kidney during active disease was tested. Methods A total of 43 patients with SLE and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. CD4 + T EM cells and CD8 + T EM cells were analysed in PB and urine using flow cytometric analysis. In 10 patients with active lupus nephritis a parallel analysis was performed on the presence of T EM cells in kidney biopsies. Results The percentage of circulating CD8 + T EM cells in patients with SLE was significantly decreased versus healthy controls (33.9±18.3% vs 42.9±11.0%, p=0.008). In patients with active renal involvement (n=12) this percentage was further decreased to 30.4±15.9%, p=0.01. Analysis of the urinary sediment in active renal disease showed increased numbers of CD4 + T cells (134±71 cells/ml) and CD8 + T cells (287±220 cells/ml), respectively, while in healthy controls and patients without active renal disease almost no T cells were present. In all, 73.6±8.3% of urinary CD4 + T cells and 69.3±26.0% of urinary CD8 + T cells expressed the T EM phenotype. CD8 + cells were also found in renal biopsies. Conclusions The data presented are compatible with the hypothesis that CD8 + effector memory cells migrate from the PB to the kidney and appear in the urine during active renal disease in patients with SLE. These cells could serve as an additional marker of renal activity in patients with SLE.