tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Porphyria cutanea tarda, hepatitis C, and HFE gene mutations in north america
Authors: Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Maureen Poh-Fitzpatrick, Neville Pimstone, Jorge Obando, Adrian Di Bisceglie, Christine Tattrie, Kristina Tortorelli, Paula LeClair, Mary G. Mercurio, Richard W. Lambrecht
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

In some, but not all countries, porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) has been associated with chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Recently, PCT has also been associated with mutations in the HFE gene that are associated with HLA-linked hereditary hemochromatosis. Until now, few studies of these associations have been reported from North America. The aims of this study were: 1) to assess the prevalence of HCV infection and HFE mutations in North American patients with PCT; 2) to compare demographic and laboratory features between those who are HCV-positive and HCV-negative; and 3) to study urinary porphyrin excretions in American HCV-positive patients without clinically manifest PCT. Clinical and laboratory data, including tests for HCV and urinary porphyrins, were collected from 70 unselected patients with typical PCT. Urinary porphyrins were also measured in 110 non-PCT patients with chronic hepatitis C. Mutational analyses of the HFE gene were performed in 26 PCT patients. Thirty-nine of 70 (56%) of the PCT patients had evidence of HCV infection. Thirty-two of 39 PCT patients with HCV were men, all of whom used alcohol. In contrast, 22 of 31 PCT patients without HCV infection were women, 12 of whom had taken estrogens. The HCV-positive group was more likely to have used illicit intravenous drugs (45% vs. 0%; P = 0.01), to have had several (&gt;4) sex partners (48% vs. 13%; P = 0.005), and less likely to have no known risk factors for HCV infection (33% vs. 78%; P = 0.004). Total urinary porphyrin excretion was the same in the two groups, but those with HCV infection had a significantly lower percentage of uroporphyrin and higher percentages of hepta-and hexa-carboxy porphyrins in urine. Sixteen of 110 (15%) HCV-positive subjects without PCT had increased urinary porphyrins, but, unlike PCT, these were mainly coproporphyrin. Forty-two percent of PCT patients carried the C282Y mutation of HFE (15% homozygous), and another 31% carried the H63D mutation (8% homozygous). Thus, 73% of PCT patients had one of these mutations. The prevalence of HCV infection (56%) and mutations in the HFE gene (73%) are high among North American patients with PCT. Alcohol and estrogen use are important additional risk factors. All PCT patients should be tested for HCV infection and for HFE gene mutations. Although HCV infection is a trigger for PCT, preclinical PCT is rare in chronic HCV hepatitis C in the United States.
FIB‐4 as a prognostic model for patients with hepatitis B–associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qing Pang, Xin Sen Xu, Jing Yao Zhang, Kai Qu, Wei Chen, Chang Liu
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Author names in bold denote shared co‐first authorship. To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Suh et al.,1 in which they highlighted that elevated FIB‐4 significantly increased hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Coincidentally, Chon and colleagues showed a middle accuracy of FIB‐4 in predicting HCC development among patients with chronic hepatitis B.2 As we know, FIB‐4 was generally identified as a screening tool for hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.3 Given that liver cirrhosis has been defined as an independent predictor of poor survival in hepatitis B–associated HCC,4 it is necessary to investigate whether or not FIB‐4 could also predict survival in these patients. Recently, we conducted a retrospective cohort study and demonstrated that several cirrhosis‐related noninvasive models, including FIB‐4, were valuable for predicting survival in HCC patients without distinguishing hepatitis B from other causes.5 To further evaluate the prognostic significance of FIB‐4 in hepatitis B–associated HCC, herein we involved 324 hepatitis B surface antigen–positive HCC patients. After a median follow‐up period of 44 months, 204 patients died and 148 patients had recurrence. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed an optimal cutoff value of 4.33 for FIB‐4 in predicting postoperative death, with 52.5% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity. A log‐rank test showed that FIB‐4 was significantly associated with overall survival (Fig. 1A) and disease‐free survival (Fig. 1B). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cumulative overall survival rates were 66.9%, 51.2%, and 42.1%, respectively, for the 183 patients with FIB‐4 <4.33 compared with 50.0%, 28.0%, and 17.2%, respectively, for the 141 patients with a high level. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that FIB‐4 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.04‐2.08, P = 0.029) and disease‐free survival (hazard ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.02‐2.04, P = 0.037) after adjustment for gender, age, Child‐Pugh stage, alpha‐fetoprotein, tumor size, tumor number, and therapeutic method.Figure 1: Kaplan‐Meier survival curves of our study population. Overall survival (A) and disease‐free survival (B) of hepatocellular carcinoma patients stratified according to FIB‐4 levels.In conclusion, FIB‐4 is not only a valuable predictor for cirrhosis and HCC incidence among chronic hepatitis B patients but also significant for predicting postoperative survival in hepatitis B–related HCC.
Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in research: Authors' reply
Authors: Victor M Montori, Roman Jaeschke, Holger J Schünemann
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in researchMisleading claims may be symptom of even more serious flaws Editor-Montori et al justifiably draw attention to misleading claims in published clinical trials. 1 This is a serious and common problem. 2 3 However, I object to their radical proposal that only the methods and results sections should be read, while the remainder of the paper should be ignored.The proposal is inconsistent with the title of their paper, "Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in clinical research reports." 1 How are these misleading claims to be identified if the sections containing them are omitted?Furthermore, anyone capable of critically appraising a trial solely on the basis of the methods and results is unlikely to be fooled by misleading claims in the discussion.But, more importantly, the proposal would deprive the discerning reader of witnessing the conflict between the results and the unwarranted conclusions.If researchers are willing to disseminate misleading claims then their integrity is brought into question.But if so, then all aspects of the trial-including the methods and results sections-are also brought into question.Misleading claims should be identified and broadcast loudly for they signal doubts about the entire study.Large scale randomised trials create the ideal conditions for data manipulation.Yet this is merely one of a multitude of problems stemming from a flawed method. 3 The remedy?When reading a study, ignore everything except the number of patients recruited.If this is large proceed no further as there is little prospect of encountering any data of genuine benefit to patients.
Medical Injury Information
Authors: Don Harper Mills
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The purpose of this communication is to offer the medical community an analytic design for a system to gather data about patients' injuries found in malpractice litigation. The goal of this system is to determine the causes of these injuries. The information to be gained will be of substantial benefit for the development of injury-preventive programs within the health care field. (<i>JAMA</i>236:379-381, 1976)
Letter: Inquiry among rheumatism unit outpatients.
Authors: F D Hart, J A Wojtulewski, P M Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1975)

an added bonus.All forms of the media presentations (filns, slides, and erhibitions) are expensive if produced commercially, but the NMH.S. already employs professional photographers and illustrators who, with encouragement and very modest expansion of their facilities, could provide most of its needs.-I am, etc.,
Canada's doctors award governments a D grade for workforce planning
Authors: B. Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The number of children living with HIV is increasing worldwide and is a major public health concern as they grow into adolescence and young adulthood with increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) especially in the African region. There is a pressing need to transfer them from paediatric to adult care which has implications for their well-being. The objective of this scoping review is to systematically review published and unpublished literature to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the transition of adolescents to adult HIV clinics in the African region. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Extension for Scoping Review) guidelines for conducting a scoping review, we will systematically search online bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. This will be supplemented by searches in grey literature databases. Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer to ensure accurate and reliable data collection. Both quantitative and qualitative results will be extracted from all included articles and synthesised in a narrative form in response to the review questions. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The scoping review does not require ethics approval as we will collect and review existing literature and materials. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and stakeholder meetings to support clinicians, health experts and policy makers develop guidelines and evidence-based transition protocols favourable for the populations in the African region to minimise challenges associated with the transition process.
Guidelines for Managing Domestic Abuse When Male and Female Partners Are Patients of the Same Physician
Authors: Lorraine E. Ferris
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To provide clinical guidelines for primary care physicians who are dealing with domestic abuse and who have both the abused woman and her partner as patients. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A 15-member expert panel with members having experience in family practice, gynecology, emergency medicine, medical ethics, nursing, psychology, law, and social work; an 11-member consulting group with members representing medicine, consumers, police, psychology, social work, and nursing; and participants from focus groups including 48 previously abused women and 10 previously abusive men. Members of the expert panel and the consulting group were recruited by the research team. Focus group members were recruited through the agencies from which they were receiving services. <h3>Evidence.</h3> —Available research information, and opinions of the expert panel, the consulting group, and the focus group participants. <h3>Consensus Process.</h3> —Scoring of 144 clinical scenarios was performed by the expert panel using a modified Delphi technique involving 4 iterations. Scenarios were rated in terms of best practice for primary care physicians dealing with suspected and confirmed cases of physical abuse. Consulting group members and focus group participants then commented on the panel's results. Final guidelines were approved by the panel and the consulting group, with comments reserved in the guidelines for information from focus group participants. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —It is not a conflict of interest for the physician to deal with abuse of the female partner when both partners are patients. Both patients have a right to autonomy, confidentiality, honesty, and quality care. Patients should be dealt with independently, thereby facilitating assessment of the magnitude and severity of the victim's injuries. Physicians should not discuss the possibility of domestic abuse with the male partner without the prior consent of the abused female partner. Joint counseling is generally inadvisable and should be attempted only when the violence has ended, provided both partners give independent consent and the physician has adequate training and skills to deal with the situation without escalating the violence. If the physician feels unable to deal effectively with either patient because of the dual relationship, referral to another qualified physician is preferred.
MCMV glycoprotein gp40 confers virus resistance to CD8+ T cells and NK cells in vivo
Authors: Astrid Krmpotić, Dirk H. Busch, Ivan Bubić, Friedemann Gebhardt, Hartmut Hengel, Milena Hasan, Anthony A. Scalzo, Ulrich H. Koszinowski, Stipan Jonjić
Journal: Nature Immunology (2002)
Norepinephrine induces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through a reactive oxygen species?TNF$alpha;?caspase signaling pathway
Authors: Y FU
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Norepinephrine (NE)-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes is an important cause of heart failure. Previous studies revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), a well-known mediator that stimulates apoptosis, is not only produced by macrophages but also by cardiomyocytes. Until now, the role of TNF and its relationship to ROS in NE-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes have never been investigated.Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with various concentrations of NE. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was determined using the TUNEL assay. The level of secreted TNF was measured by ELISA and TNF mRNA expression was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction. Caspase activity was measured by a fluorogenic protease assay kit. Anti-TNF antibodies, caspase inhibitors and antioxidants (N-acetyl-L-cysteine or vitamin C) were added to determine if they could inhibit the apoptotic effect of NE.NE induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. NE up-regulated TNF mRNA expression and increased TNF secretion and caspase-2,-3,-6, and -9 activities. A neutralizing anti-TNF antibody and caspase-2 and -3 inhibitors significantly attenuated NE-induced apoptosis. Antioxidants completely abrogated NE-induced TNF secretion, caspase activation, and apoptotic death.NE induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through a ROS-TNF-caspase signaling pathway.
TCT-355 Coronary Stents In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: The Diabetes And Drug-Eluting Stent (DiabeDES IV) Randomized Angiography Trial
Authors: Michael Maeng, Arvydas Baranauskas, Leif Thuesen, Jens Flensted Lassen, Hans Erik Bøtker, Lars Krusell, Jan Ravkilde, Hans-Henrik Tilsted, Anders Junker, Per Thayssen, Lisette Okkels Jensen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Primary Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection in Immunocompetent Children
Authors: Massimo Andreoni
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextHuman herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection causes Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoproliferative disorders in immunosuppressed adults. Its manifestations in immunocompetent hosts are unknown.ObjectivesTo determine whether HHV-8 primary infection is symptomatic in immunocompetent children and to identify the epidemiological and virological correlates of HHV-8 infection.Design and SettingProspective cohort study conducted in the pediatric emergency department of a hospital in Alexandria, Egypt, between December 1, 1999, and April 30, 2000.PatientsEighty-six children aged 1 to 4 years who were evaluated for a febrile syndrome of undetermined origin.Main Outcome MeasuresSerological assay and polymerase chain reaction of blood and saliva samples for HHV-8. Information on potential risk factors for HHV-8 infection was also collected.ResultsThirty-six children (41.9%) were seropositive; HHV-8 DNA sequences were detected in 14 (38.9%) of these 36 children (detected in saliva in 11 of 14). Significant associations were found between HHV-8 infection and close contact with at least 2 other children in the community (36 of 63 vs 6 of 23 for <2 children; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-12.22) and admission to the emergency department in December or January (28 of 47 vs 14 of 39 for February-April; adjusted OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.23-8.58). Six children had suspected primary HHV-8 infection; all but 1 had a febrile cutaneous craniocaudal maculopapular rash, which was more common among these children (5 of 6 vs 10 of 75; P<.001). For 3 of these 6 children, a second blood sample was obtained after the convalescence phase, and all 3 seroconverted for HHV-8.ConclusionsPrimary infection with HHV-8 may be associated with a febrile maculopapular skin rash among immunocompetent children. The finding of HHV-8 DNA sequences in saliva supports the hypothesis that transmission through saliva is the main mode of transmission in the pediatric age group.
A GROWTH INHIBITORY SUBSTANCE FOR THE INFLUENZA GROUP OF ORGANISMS IN THE BLOOD OF VARIOUS ANIMAL SPECIES
Authors: Elma Krumwiede, Ann G. Kuttner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. 5 per cent sheep blood agar is a selective medium for beta hemolytic streptococci in throat cultures since sheep blood inhibits the growth of bacillus X (H. hemolyticus) and B. parainfluenzae hemolyticus. The growth of H. influenzae is also inhibited by sheep blood. 2. The inhibitory action of sheep blood resides in the erythrocytes and is thermolabile. Disruption of the cell by laking has no effect upon the inhibitor. 3. The bloods of animals closely related to the sheep, such as the goat and the cow, have a similar inhibitory action on the growth of hemolytic and non-hemolytic members of the influenza group, while human blood contains a similar but less powerful inhibitor for these organisms. 4. Members of the influenza group grow well on unheated rodent blood: rabbit, guinea pig, and rat. 5. These organisms also grow fairly well on unheated horse blood.
SPORADIC ULCERO-OSTEOLVTIC NEUROPATHY IN THE BANTU
Authors: I. F. ANDERSON, E. J. SCHULZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article SPORADIC ULCERO‐OSTEOLVTIC NEUROPATHY IN THE BANTU Get access I. F. ANDERSON, I. F. ANDERSON Departments of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. J. SCHULZ E. J. SCHULZ Departments of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue s7, 1 December 1971, Pages 18–25, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14104.x Published: 01 December 1971
Medical Study in Helsingfors, Finland.
Authors: Allen Staples
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Vienna. Oct. 25, 1900. <h3>To the Editor</h3> —The University at Helsingfors is very well equipped, having over 2000 students, and a teaching staff of about 100 professors and docents; a fair proportion of the students belong to the medical faculty, which is justly celebrated throughout Europe. In the medical clinic I saw some excellent work carried on by Professor Rüneberg, son of the national poet of Finland, and his assistant, T. W. Tallquist. As is well known, these investigators have made admirable studies of the different anemias, especially of that form of secondary anemia which is due to the presence of the bothriocephalus latus. I saw many of the latter class of cases in the University Hospital, as well as several cases of pernicious anemia, a malady very similar in its clinical history. It is a matter of routine in that clinic to examine microscopically the feces of every patient
David Drummond Hart
Authors: A. D Woodger
Journal: BMJ (2008)

David Drummond Hart (“Drummond”) was born in Redlands Nursing Home in Glasgow on 28 July 1931. He grew up in Glasgow and went to Jordanhill College School, where he played rugby for the first XV. Scouting was an important formative activity in his young life, and he drew on many of the skills and experiences gained in the scouts in his adult years as an avid outdoor enthusiast with a love of hill walking, cycling, and golf.

A brilliant student at Glasgow University, Drummond qualified as a doctor at the age of just 21, the youngest in Scotland at that time. After qualifying, he completed his national service in the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving in Aden, Cairo, and Dubai. He subsequently served for many years as a volunteer reserve with the Territorial Army, latterly as a lieutenant colonel in field hospitals on many overseas trips. However, much as he loved these many and diverse trips, they only served to increase his love for his homeland.

Drummond married …
Impact of in vivo alemtuzumab dose before reduced intensity conditioning and HLA-identical sibling stem cell transplantation: pharmacokinetics, GVHD, and immune reconstitution
Authors: Ronjon Chakraverty, Guillermo Orti, Michael Roughton, Jun Shen, Adele Fielding, Panagiotis Kottaridis, Donald Milligan, Matthew Collin, Charles Crawley, Peter Johnson, Andrew Clark, Anne Parker, Adrian Bloor, Ruth Pettengell, John Snowden, Andrew Pettitt, Richard Clark, Geoff Hale, Karl Peggs, Kirsty Thomson, Emma Morris, Stephen Mackinnon
Journal: Blood (2010)
Bone, Bone Marrow, and MIBI Scintigraphic Findings in Gaucher’s Disease “Bone Crisis”
Authors: DIDIER BLOCKLET, MARC ABRAMOWICZ, ANDRÉ SCHOUTENS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose The authors report the utility of Tc-99m MIBI imaging in Gaucher’s disease, which results in the accumulation of glucocerebroside in macrophages. Inflated macrophages, or Gaucher’s cells, involve the reticuloendothelial organs. Materials and Methods A 38-year-old man with type I Gaucher’s disease, splenectomy, and early bone involvement was examined for a low back “bone crisis.” He had a history of total left hip replacement. Results of pelvic radiographs were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging showed complete infiltration of the bone marrow in the lumbar spine and the sacrum. The left iliac bone, the sacrum, and the adjacent part of L5 showed heterogeneously decreased uptake on bone scintigraphs. Hematopoietic bone marrow was absent in these regions and in the left femur. No infection of the prosthesis was revealed with labeled granulocytes. Results Avascular necrosis in the left iliac bone was diagnosed, which is a very unusual location. There was no uptake of MIBI in the iliac bones or the femurs. Conclusion These findings suggest that MIBI may not be a good tool for the evaluation of medullary infiltration by Gaucher’s cells.
AMP Is a True Physiological Regulator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by Both Allosteric Activation and Enhancing Net Phosphorylation
Authors: Graeme J. Gowans, Simon A. Hawley, Fiona A. Ross, D. Grahame Hardie
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)

While allosteric activation of AMPK is triggered only by AMP, binding of both ADP and AMP has been reported to promote phosphorylation and inhibit dephosphorylation at Thr172. Because cellular concentrations of ADP and ATP are higher than AMP, it has been proposed that ADP is the physiological signal that promotes phosphorylation and that allosteric activation is not significant in vivo. However, we report that: AMP is 10-fold more potent than ADP in inhibiting Thr172 dephosphorylation; only AMP enhances LKB1-induced Thr172 phosphorylation; and AMP can cause >10-fold allosteric activation even at concentrations 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than ATP. We also provide evidence that allosteric activation by AMP can cause increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in intact cells under conditions in which there is no change in Thr172 phosphorylation. Thus, AMP is a true physiological regulator of AMPK, and allosteric regulation is an important component of the overall activation mechanism.