tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of <i>O</i>6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Determined by Promoter Hypermethylation and Immunohistochemical Expression in Anaplastic Gliomas
Authors: Marta Brell, Avelina Tortosa, Eugenia Verger, Juan Miguel Gil, Nuria Viñolas, Salvador Villá, Juan José Acebes, Lluis Caral, Teresa Pujol, Isidro Ferrer, Teresa Ribalta, Francesc Graus
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Anaplastic gliomas constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors with different therapeutic responses to adjuvant chemotherapy with alkylating agents. O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair protein, is one of the implicated factors in glioma chemoresistance.The prognostic value of MGMT remains controversial due in part to the fact that previous published studies included heterogeneous groups of patients with different tumor grades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of MGMT in patients with anaplastic glioma. Experimental Design: Ninety-three patients with anaplastic glioma were analyzed for MGMT protein expression by immunohistochemistry. In addition, for those patients from whom a good yield of DNA was obtained (n = 40), MGMT promoter methylation profile was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR. MGMT prognostic significance was evaluated together with other well-known prognostic factors. Results: Fifty-one tumors (54.8%) showed nuclear staining of MGMT. There was a trend towards longer overall survival for those patients with negative MGMT immunostaining (hazard ratio, 1.66; P = 0.066). In a secondary analysis including those patients who actually received chemotherapy (n = 72), the absence of MGMT expression was independently associated with better survival (hazard ratio, 2.12; P = 0.027). MGMT promoter methylation was observed in 50% of the analyzed tumors. No statistical correlation between MGMT expression and MGMT promoter hypermethylation was observed. Conclusions: Unlike previous studies, we did not find a correlation between MGMT promoter methylation and survival. However, we observed a correlation between MGMT protein expression and survival in those patients who received chemotherapy thus suggesting that the absence of MGMT expression is a positive predictive marker in patients with anaplastic glioma.
Unique Effect of Visceral Fat on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Hispanic Children With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Martha L. Cruz, Richard N. Bergman, Michael I. Goran
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—This study aimed to establish whether total fat or central fat was related to measures of insulin in obese Hispanic children with a family history of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects were 32 children aged 8–13 years. Visceral fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat were determined by magnetic resonance imaging at the umbilicus and total body fat was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity (Si) and acute insulin response (AIR) were determined by frequently sampled intravenous tolerance test with minimal modeling. RESULTS—Mean fasting glucose and insulin, Si, and AIR (± SD) were 5.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l, 206 ± 105 pmol/l, 11.8 ± 5.7 [× 10−4 min−1/(pmol/l)], and 17,175 ± 9,695 (pmol/l × 10 min), respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, total fat mass was independently and positively related to fasting insulin (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and negatively related to Si (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but was not related to AIR. Visceral fat was independently and positively related to fasting insulin (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and AIR (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and negatively related to Si (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS—These findings support the hypothesis that specific accumulation of visceral fat in addition to overall adiposity in Hispanic children increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
THE CONVERSION OF C'1S TO C'1 ESTERASE BY PLASMIN AND TRYPSIN
Authors: Oscar D. Ratnoff, George B. Naff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The formation of C'1 esterase from C'1, the first component of complement, may be brought about by the action of plasmin or trypsin upon C'1s, a subcomponent of C'1. These enzymes also decrease the esterolytic activity of C'1 esterase. The formation of C'1 esterase was demonstrated by measuring the appearance of an agent or agents with esterolytic properties and the capacity to inactivate C'2 and C'4, attributes of C'1 esterase. The activity of the agent which evolved was blocked by serum inhibitor of C'1 esterase. The implications of these observations, that the formation of C'1 esterase during complement fixation is mediated by proteolytic processes, are under study. The possible inhibition of C'1q by soybean trypsin inhibitor is in agreement with this hypothesis.
Possible role for tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in the treatment of resistant dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a retrospective study of eight patients
Authors: P Efthimiou, S Schwartzman, L J Kagen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

To understand the use of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha inhibitors in refractory dermatomyositis and polymyositis in an academic centre.A retrospective study of eight patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis refractory to corticosteroids and immunosuppressives who were treated with TNF inhibitors between 1998 and 2004.8 patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis who were treated with TNF inhibitors as adjunct treatment were identified. The mean (SD) duration of disease before initiation of TNF inhibitors was 8.5 (4.4) years. The patients failed to respond to treatment with corticosteroids (oral and intravenous); intravenous immunoglobulin and immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide); 4.5 (1.4) immunosuppressants had been used before TNF treatment. Six patients were treated with etanercept alone, one with infliximab and one sequentially with both agents. Of the eight patients, six showed a favourable response with improved motor strength and decreased fatigue after 15.2 (6.5) months. Two of the patients did not respond after 4 (1.4) months and TNF inhibitors were discontinued. Responders showed a 54.4% (27.7%) decrease in serum concentration of creatine kinase, which was grossly abnormal (4463.5 (4036.4) U/l). Non-responders had similar reductions in creatine kinase concentration (56.1% (20.4%)), but their pre-treatment concentrations were in the normal range (118.5 (19.1) U/l).Anti-TNF agents may be useful in some patients with refractory dermatomyositis or polymyositis.
Bronchial artery aneurysm with hemothorax - A case report
Authors: Catia Araujo, Natalia Andre, Maria Joao Tavares, Antonio Domingos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare condition (fewer than 40 cases have been reported in the literature), observed in less than 1% of all cases of selective bronchial arteriography. BAA is often diagnosed when it ruptures, with the most common symptoms being acute dyspnea, severe chest/back pain, hemoptysis / hematemesis (rupture into the lung/esophagus), symptoms of shock and sometimes hemothorax.  The authors report a case of a 65-year-old male patient, suffering of hypertension and permanent atrial fibrillation (treated with warfarin 5mg/day), with no previous history of pulmonary pathology, who presented with fever, wheezing, cough and hemopurulent sputum 4 days before. The chest radiography showed middle lobe (ML) and lower right lobe (LRL) consolidation leading to the diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia.  About 48 hours after the admission the patient had an episode of massive hemoptysis, severe dyspnea, wheezing and signs of shock, with a chest radiography showing a total right lung opacification. The bronchoscopy showed multiple clots in the ML and LRL, the right thoracentesis drained 2000cc of hematic fluid and the thoracic angio-computerized tomography documented an aneurysm of the right bronchial artery (8mm) and a contained rupture of a huge aneurysm of the intra-pulmonary branch of that artery (2.4cm) with intra-pulmonary hematoma and right hemothorax. Accordingly to the situation the patient was immediately submitted to surgery.  A massive hemothorax from a ruptured BAA is very rare. Though, this possibility must be considered in the absence of trauma history or other more common causes of hemothorax.
Pharmacology of Lazaroids and Brain Energy Metabolism: A Review
Authors: Roberto Federico Villa, Antonella Gorini
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1997)

### A. Background

A considerable body of experimental evidence indicates that lipid peroxidation ([Komara et al., 1986][1]; [Dexter et al., 1989][2]), the presence of iron ([Riederer et al., 1989][3]; [Hirsh et al., 1991][4]) and the depletion of natural antioxidants ([Sato and Hall, 1992][5]) seem
Refractory period following bronchoconstriction provoked by histamine in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: M J Connolly, S C Stenton, A J Avery, E H Walters, D J Hendrick
Journal: Thorax (1989)

To determine whether refractoriness to histamine induced bronchoconstriction occurs, 20 asthmatic subjects aged 19-50 years were tested. Subjects underwent two histamine challenge tests (1 and 2) on the same day, the second one being given 45-60 minutes after the first, once the FEV1 after test 1 had returned spontaneously to within 90% of baseline. A further "control" histamine challenge test was carried out on a different day at the same time (+/- 2 hours) as test 1. Bronchial responsiveness was recorded as the cumulative dose (microgram) of histamine provoking a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20), and the ratio PD20 test 2:PD20 test 1 was used to assess refractoriness. The median value of this ratio (2.20) was significantly greater than 1 (p = 0.003), indicating refractoriness at the time of test 2. By contrast the median ratio PD20 control:PD20 test 1 of 1.03 was not significantly different from 1. Refractoriness could not be accounted for by failure to regain the initial baseline FEV1, though such failure may have exaggerated the effect. An increase in PD20 with the second test was observed uniformly in subjects with moderate or high initial PD20 values but not in those with low values. This suggests that there may be a PD20 threshold of the order 25-100 micrograms for refractoriness to occur. Refractoriness could exert an important confounding effect in investigations in which repeated histamine tests are carried out at short intervals.
Failing to Clarify Treatment Action Plans With Mom in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Moise L. Levy
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Ventral Striatum Activity in Response to Reward: Differences Between Bipolar I and II Disorders
Authors: Xavier Caseras, Natalia S. Lawrence, Kevin Murphy, Richard G. Wise, Mary L. Phillips
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Little is known about the neurobiology of bipolar II disorder. While bipolar I disorder is associated with abnormally elevated activity in response to reward in the ventral striatum, a key component of reward circuitry, no studies have compared reward circuitry function in bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Furthermore, associations among reward circuitry activity, reward sensitivity, and striatal volume remain underexplored in bipolar and healthy individuals. The authors examined reward activity in the ventral striatum in participants with bipolar I and II disorders and healthy individuals, the relationships between ventral striatal activity and reward sensitivity across all participants, and between-group differences in striatal gray matter volume and relationships with ventral striatal activity across all participants.
Juvenile psoriasis in European and Asian children: similarities and differences
Authors: L.Y.T. Chiam, M.E.A. de Jager, Y.C. Giam, E.M.G.J. de Jong, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, M.M.B. Seyger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

The first manifestations of psoriasis begin in childhood in more than one-third of patients. However, epidemiological data of juvenile psoriasis are lacking.To compare Dutch (NL group) and Singaporean (SG group) children with psoriasis with the aim of studying the characteristics of juvenile psoriasis and to highlight similarities and differences between these different ethnic groups.Data were collected from 207 patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with psoriasis from Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and the National Skin Centre, Singapore.A striking difference in familial distribution was found, with more Dutch children having an affected family member (73·3% vs. 13·6%). Presence of itch and triggering factors were more common among Dutch children (80% vs. 14·2% and 33·3% vs. 7·4%, respectively). However, both groups shared similar triggering factors like stress and infections. Other similarities included mean age at presentation (NL group 11·3 years; SG group 14·1 years) and gender ratio (NL group, M/F 1 : 1·1; SG group, M/F 1 : 1·4). Plaque psoriasis was the most common type in both cohorts while guttate and pustular psoriasis were rare. In both groups, the head, followed by the limbs, was the most common site involved. Similar proportions of children in both countries had nail involvement and psoriatic arthritis was rare.The disparity in familial distribution may point to genetic differences between the two groups. Further studies to evaluate this difference in familial distribution may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Glucocorticoid stimulates hepatitis B viral gene expression in cultured human hepatoma cells
Authors: Chen-Kung Chou, Li-Hsien Wang, Hsing-Mei Lin, Chin-Wen Chi
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Glucocorticoids have been shown to influence the severity of hepatitis B virus–related chronic hepatitis in human. However, very little is known about the effects of glucocorticoids on hepatitis B virus replication in vitro. In this report, we used a welldifferentiated human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, transfected with hepatitis B virus complementary DNA as a model to show that a glucocorticoid analog, dexamethasone, can directly stimulate the production of HBsAg and HBeAg. Elevation of 3.5-kb pregenomic RNA and all other viral RNAs in the transfected Hep3B cells after dexamethasone treatment supports the hypothesis that glucocorticoids directly stimulate hepatitis B virus gene expression in vitro. The concentration of dexamethasone for its half-maximal stimulatory activity toward HBsAg, HBeAg and all viral transcripts was approximately 10–8 mol/L, close to the affinity of glucocorticoid receptors to [3H]triamcinolone acetonide in Hep3B cells ( ± 10–8 mol/L). Specific glucocorticoid antagonist RU38486 completely blocked dexamethasone-induced HBV gene expression, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone was mediated through specific glucocorticoid receptors. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:13–18.)
Assessing retinal function with the multifocal technique
Authors: Donald C Hood
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2000)

With the multifocal technique, as developed by Erich Sutter and colleagues, scores of focal electroretinogram (ERG) responses can be obtained in a matter of minutes. Although this technique is relatively new, it has already provided insights into the mechanisms of retinal disease. However, because it is new, there also remain questions about how it works and what it measures. This chapter considers some of these insights and some of these questions. The first part (Section 2) describes how the multifocal ERG (mERG) is recorded and considers its relationship to the full-field ERG. The mERG responses are shown to be from relatively local regions of the retina and are comprised of the same components as the full-field ERG. The diagnostic advantage of the mERG as compared to the full-field ERG is also illustrated. In Section 3, the effects of damage to different cell layers of the retina are shown to affect the mERG differently, and these changes are summarized within a conceptual framework. It is argued, for example, that when diseases of the receptor outer segment, like retinitis pigmentosa, result in small, depressed mERG responses, then the damage is, as expected, at the outer segment. However, when these diseases result in mERG responses that are reasonably large but very delayed, then the damage is beyond the outer segment, probably in the outer plexiform layer. The implicit time of the mERG, not amplitude, is the more sensitive measure of damage in degenerative diseases of the receptors. On the other hand, diseases, like glaucoma, which act on the ganglion axon, do not result in easily identified changes to the mERG unless inner retinal damage is involved as well. Inner retinal damage changes the waveform of the mERG and decreases the naso-temporal variation normally observed. Finally, diseases, like diabetes, that act on more than one layer of the retina can have a range of effects. In Section 4, recent work with the monkey mERG is reviewed, with emphasis on the relevance to human diseases. For example, blocking the sodium-based action potentials produced by ganglion and amacrine cells eliminates the naso-temporal variation in the monkey mERG and these altered mERG responses resemble those from some patients with diabetes or glaucoma. Finally, in Section 5 the second-order kernel is described. The presence of a second-order kernel has important implications for understanding the shape of the mERG response (first-order kernel). Full-field simulations of the mERG paradigm illustrate that the first-order kernel is comprised of responses with different waveforms. Further, it is argued that the nonlinear, adaptive mechanisms that produce the second-order kernel are involved in shaping the time course of the response. Patients with large, but abnormally delayed mERG responses (first-order kernel), do not have a detectable second-order kernel. It is speculated that a markedly diminished second-order kernel is diagnostic of outer plexiform layer damage, not inner plexiform layer damage as is commonly assumed.
Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: Impact of ethnicity
Authors: Jeffrey D. Browning, Lidia S. Szczepaniak, Robert Dobbins, Pamela Nuremberg, Jay D. Horton, Jonathan C. Cohen, Scott M. Grundy, Helen H. Hobbs
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Despite the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its pathogenesis and clinical significance remain poorly defined. In this study, we examined and compared the distribution of hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) in 2,287 subjects from a multiethnic, population–based sample (32.1% white, 48.3% black, and 17.5% Hispanic) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. HTGC varied over a wide range (0.0%–41.7%; median, 3.6%) in the population. Almost one third of the population had hepatic steatosis, and most subjects with hepatic steatosis had normal levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (79%). The frequency of hepatic steatosis varied significantly with ethnicity (45% in Hispanics; 33% in whites; 24% in blacks) and sex (42% in white men; 24% in white women). The higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Hispanics was due to the higher prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance in this ethnic group. However, the lower frequency of hepatic steatosis in blacks was not explained by ethnic differences in body mass index, insulin resistance, ethanol ingestion, or medication use. The prevalence of hepatic steatosis was greater in men than women among whites, but not in blacks or Hispanics. The ethnic differences in the frequency of hepatic steatosis in this study mirror those observed previously for NAFLD–related cirrhosis (Hispanics &gt; whites &gt; blacks). In conclusion , the significant ethnic and sex differences in the prevalence of hepatic steatosis documented in this study may have a profound impact on susceptibility to steatosis–related liver disease. (Hepatology 2004;40:1387-1395.)
Through the looking‐glass, and what the dermatologist found there
Authors: G.B.E. Jemec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE, p 428 There is much looking and little seeing in the world. Generally, education helps us make the important transition between the two, but sometimes technology helps. A thin, erythematous plaque or superficial tumour on the head or upper body of a person aged 30–90 years old is easy to look at, but it may be difficult to see what it is. In this issue of the BJD, Dr Ulrich and her coworkers describe how optical coherence tomography (OCT) can help us see basal cell carcinoma (BCC) if we look at clinically unspecific thin erythematous lesions.1 This is not a study of the absolute diagnostic accuracy of OCT, but of its utility in a practical setting. Critics would likely argue for a stricter protocol with mandatory excision of lesions, stratification of lesions according to location and age, greater numbers, separate analysis of image modalities rather than cumulative analysis, randomization so that no cumulative learning occurs in the observer as appraisals of a tumour are summated, and so on. However, such criticism is premature. This study is attractive because of its utilitarian approach to the problem. It reflects how new technologies are incrementally introduced in clinical routine and may potentially influence outcomes. Innovation may be instantaneous, but implementation is usually incremental.