tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ALOPECIA AREATA AND SYPHILIS
Authors: HAROLD ORR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1924)

Journal Article ALOPECIA AREATA AND SYPHILIS Get access HAROLD ORR, O.B.E., M.B.(Tor.), D.P.H. HAROLD ORR, O.B.E., M.B.(Tor.), D.P.H. Clinical Assistant, Skin Department, The London Hospital; Fellow, National Research Council Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 36, Issue 2, 1 February 1924, Pages 71–73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1924.tb09160.x Published: 01 February 1924
Pulmonary function abnormalities in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Authors: S Cazzato, F Bernardi, C Cinti, D Tassinari, A Canzi, R Bergamaschi, I Corsini, V Capecchi, E Cacciari
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a widespread necrotizing vasculitis affecting small vessels characterized by nonthrombocytopenic purpura. Pulmonary involvement is a rare fatal complication with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible early lung function abnormalities and to establish any relationship with the clinical activity of the disease. Fifteen children with HSP and without clinical or radiological evidence of lung involvement underwent pulmonary function study at the onset of the disease. A sample of 28 subjects matched by age, height, and weight was chosen as a control group. After a mean of 21 months (range 12-43) lung function tests were repeated in 10 of the previously studied children. During the acute phase of the disease the transfer factor for carbon monoxide, measured by steady-state (TL,COss) and single-breath (TL,COsb) methods, was found to be significantly lower in children with HSP than control subjects. There was no significant relationship between pulmonary function tests with symptoms and signs at onset, nor was there any correlation between variables and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration. In all but two patients, clinical recovery was observed within 6 weeks from the onset of the disease. In one case relapses of purpuric skin lesions were observed during the first 3 months of follow-up. The second case had relapses of purpuric skin lesions and microscopical haematuria during the 12 months following the onset of the disease with characteristic IgA mesangial deposition on renal biopsy. Although the overall mean value of TL,COsb improved from baseline to the second investigation, in both patients the recurrences of clinical signs were associated with a slight impairment of TL,COsb at the second evaluation. These data suggest an early subclinical lung impairment in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura during the active phase of the disease. The presence of isolated pulmonary function abnormalities was not associated with the subsequent development of lung disease.
Outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis in Oman: evidence for widespread transmission among fully vaccinated children
Authors: R.W Sutter, P.A Patriarca, S.L Cochi, M.A Pallansch, O.M Kew, D.B Hall, S Brogan, P.G Malankar, A.A.K Al-Ghassany, A.J.M Suleiman, M.S EI-Bualy, A.G Bass, J.P Alexander
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancies
Authors: Martina Persson, Mikael Norman, Ulf Hanson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To perform comparative analyses of obstetric and perinatal outcomes between type 1 diabetic pregnancies and the general obstetric population in Sweden between 1991 and 2003. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a population-based study. Data were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry, covering &amp;gt;98% of all pregnancies in Sweden. A total of 5,089 type 1 diabetic pregnancies and 1,260,207 control pregnancies were included. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for group differences in maternal age, parity, BMI, chronic hypertensive disease, smoking habits, and ethnicity. RESULTS In type 1 diabetes, preeclampsia was significantly more frequent (OR 4.47 [3.77–5.31]) as was delivery by cesarean section (5.31 [4.97–5.69]) compared with results for the general population. Stillbirth (3.34 [2.46–4.55]), perinatal mortality (3.29 [2.50–4.33]), and major malformations (2.50 [2.13–2.94]) were more common in type 1 diabetic than in control pregnancies. The risk of very preterm birth (&amp;lt;32 gestational weeks) was also higher among type 1 diabetic women (3.08 [2.45–3.87]). The incidence of fetal macrosomia (birth weight ≥2 SD above the mean) was increased in the diabetic group (11.45 [10.61–12.36]). CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy is still associated with considerably increased rates of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. The eightfold increased risk for fetal macrosomia in type 1 diabetic pregnancies is unexpected and warrants further investigation.
IgE-autoantibodies and adipokines in patients with bronchial asthma and obesity
Authors: Anna Konishcheva, Valentina Gervazieva, Ekaterina Lavrentyeva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The adipose tissue represents an important source of inflammatory cytokines with pro-allergic activity. We aimed to estimate the influence of obesity on the characteristics of autoreactivity and cytokine repertoire in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) as compared to allergic rhinitis (AR) and healthy.

Methods: Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated in 80 patients with AR and BA and 25 healthy people. By ELISA were measured serum level of C reactive protein (CRP), IgE- autoAbs to keratin, collagen type III and elastin and production of TNF-α and IL-4 from blood lymphocytes.

Results: Atopic patients with BMI >30 kg/m(2) had elevated levels of CRP (744±28 ng/ml) and high spontaneous production of TNF-α (45±4 ng/ml) and IL-4 (9.5±2.8 ng/ml) in comparison with normal-weight patients and healthy (7.3±2.7 ng/ml, 3±0.6 ng/ml and 1.7±0.3 ng/ml accordingly). The group of obese asthmatics distinguished with highest levels of CRP (1560±28 ng/ml) and IgE-autoAbs to keratin and collagen III, which correlated with BMI (R=0,58) and were elevated in comparison with preobese and normal-weight patients with BA and AR. Serum leptin was overproduced in BA significantly among obese (57±7.1 ng/ml) via non-obese patients (23±6 ng/ml) and showed no difference between healthy subjects independently from BMI (6.1±0.3 ng/ml). Conclusions: Asthmatics with BMI >30 kg/m(2) show a special phenotype of disease with elevated serum leptin and pro-inflammatory markers, which needs to be managed and treated distinctly. Obesity is attended with higher generation of IgE-autoAbs, which can indicate the disturbance of immune regulation.
MOLECULAR BASIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES
Authors: P.A. Bolhuis, P.G. Barth, F.A. Wijburg, K.M.C. Sinjorgo, W. Ruitenbeek, M.A. Birch-Machin, I.S. Shepherd, H.S.A. Sherratt, N.J. Watmough, K. Bartlett, A. Aynsley-Green, D.W.A. Milligan, D.M. Turnbull
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
S100A8 enhances osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in experimental antigen-induced arthritis through activation of toll-like receptor 4
Authors: L. C. Grevers, T. J. de Vries, T. Vogl, S. Abdollahi-Roodsaz, A. W. Sloetjes, P. J. M. Leenen, J. Roth, V. Everts, W. B. van den Berg, P. L. E. M. van Lent
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by severe bone erosions caused by enhanced osteoclast formation and activity. Significantly elevated S100A8 and S100A9 levels in serum and synovial fluid of RA patients are strongly correlated to joint destruction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of S100A8 on osteoclastic bone resorption in murine antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). <h3>Methods</h3> Bone destruction was analysed 7 and 21 days after AIA induction in knee joints of S100A9<sup>−/−</sup> mice, also lacking S100A8 protein expression, and wild type controls. Bone marrow precursors from S100A9<sup>−/−</sup> and wild type mice were differentiated into osteoclasts in vitro. Additionally, precursors were stimulated with recombinant S100A8 during osteoclastogenesis. Receptor involvement was investigated using an anti-receptor for advanced end products (anti-RAGE) blocking antibody or toll-like receptor 4 negative (TLR4<sup>−/−</sup>) osteoclast precursors. Experiments were analysed for the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells (TRACP<sup>+</sup> MNCs), actin rings, mRNA expression levels of osteoclast markers and resorption pit formation on bone. <h3>Results</h3> Bone erosions and cathepsin K staining were significantly suppressed in S100A9<sup>−/−</sup> mice after AIA induction. In vitro however, bone marrow-derived precursors from S100A9<sup>−/−</sup> mice developed normally into functional osteoclasts, excluding a role for intrinsic S100A8/A9. Addition of S100A8 during osteoclastogenesis resulted in increased osteoclast formation The mRNA expression levels of osteoclast markers were not affected by S100A8 stimulation, but the formation of actin rings, essential for the bone resorptive capacity of osteoclasts, was significantly enhanced in conjunction increased bone resorption levels. The stimulatory effects of S100A8 on osteoclast maturation and function could not be inhibited by RAGE blockade, whereas the increased osteoclast numbers, actin ring formation and resorption pit formation were completely abrogated using TLR4<sup>−/−</sup> osteoclasts. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that S100A8 stimulates osteoclast formation and activity and suggests that both S100A8 and TLR4 are important factors in mediating osteoclastic bone destruction in experimental arthritis. <h3>Topic</h3> Myeloid cells and innate immune receptors.
Safety and efficacy of the prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist AMG 853 in asthmatic patients
Authors: William W. Busse, Sally E. Wenzel, Eli O. Meltzer, Edward M. Kerwin, Mark C. Liu, Nan Zhang, Yun Chon, Alison L. Budelsky, Joseph Lin, Shao-Lee Lin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Role of Endothelin-1 in the Active Constriction of Human Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries
Authors: Scott Kinlay, Dominik Behrendt, Marco Wainstein, John Beltrame, James C. Fang, Mark A. Creager, Andrew P. Selwyn, Peter Ganz
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Atherosclerotic coronary arteries are prone to constriction but the underlying causes are incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, contributes to the heightened tone of atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. Methods and Results — In 8 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 8 patients with angiographically smooth coronary arteries (normal), we infused BQ-123, an antagonist of the ET A receptor, into a major coronary artery (infused artery) at 40 nmol/min for 60 minutes. The infused artery in the CAD patients contained a &gt;50% stenosis. Using quantitative angiography, we compared the dilation of the infused artery with another, noninfused coronary artery. To estimate the magnitude of the contribution of ET-1 to coronary tone, we compared the dilation to BQ-123 with that elicited by intracoronary nitroglycerin (200 μg). BQ-123 induced significant dilation in the normal arteries (7.3% at 60 minutes, P &lt;0.001 versus noninfused arteries) and a greater dilation in the CAD arteries (16.3% at 60 minutes, P &lt;0.001 versus infused normal arteries). The dilation at stenoses was particularly pronounced (21.6% at 60 minutes, P &lt;0.001 versus infused CAD arteries). Compared with the dilation from nitroglycerin, ET-1 contributed to 39% of the coronary tone in normal arteries, 74% of tone in CAD arteries, and 106% of tone at stenoses ( P &lt;0.01). Conclusions — ET-1 accounts for nearly all the resting tone in atherosclerotic coronary arteries, especially at stenoses. Inhibitors of ET-1, by relieving constriction, may significantly lessen the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenoses and thereby reduce myocardial ischemia.
Incomplete commissure of the aortic valve.
Authors: S Milo, H A Neufeld, D A Goor
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Valvular aortic insufficiency presenting at birth is rare.Causes include congenital malformation at the subaortic, valvular, and supravalvular level.Subaortic deformities resulting in aortic insufficiency include subaortic annular aneurysm' and prolapse of aortic cusp or cusps into a ven-
The comparison study on the effects of high versus low flux membrane on pulmonary function tests in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ali Momeni, Hamid Rouhi Boroujeni, Glareh Kiani, Masoud Amiri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Several studies have been carried out to evaluate the effects of dialysis on pulmonary function tests (PFT). Dialysis procedure may reduce volumes and capacities of the lung or cause hypoxia; however, based on our knowledge, there was no previous study on evaluation of effects of membrane type (high flux vs. low flux) on PFT in these patients. The aim of this study was the evaluation of this relationship.   Materials and methods:  In a cross-sectional study, 43 hemodialysis patients without pulmonary disease were enrolled. In these patients dialysis were conducted by low and high flux membranes and before and after of procedure, spirometry were done and the results were evaluated by t-test and chi square.   Results:  Mean age of the patients was 56.34 years. Twenty three women (53.5%) and 20 men (46.5%) were enrolled. Patients9 body weight after dialysis were decreased significantly compared to before dialysis. Type of membrane (high flux vs. low flux) had not significant effect in PFT results of the patients (P>0.05).   Conclusion:  Since high flux membranes are more expensive than low flux membranes and there was no significant difference in the results of spirometry of patients, it could not be offered the use of high flux membrane for this purpose.   Key words:  Hemodialysis, High flux membrane, Pulmonary function tests.
Dasatinib (BMS-354825) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Suppresses Invasion and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Faye M. Johnson, Babita Saigal, Moshe Talpaz, Nicholas J. Donato
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Epithelial tumors, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), present clinical challenges. One potential target for systemic therapy is Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which are overexpressed in these tumors and induce pleiotropic effects, including increased proliferation, enhanced survival, stimulation of angiogenesis, and changes in motility. Dasatinib (BMS-354825), an ATP-competitive, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses the activity of these kinases at subnanomolar concentrations. Therefore, we tested the antitumor effects of this inhibitor in vitro to determine whether in vivo analyses were warranted. Experimental Design: The antitumor effects of dasatinib on HNSCC and NSCLC cells were evaluated using assays to measure cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Western blotting was used to monitor its effects on cell signaling. Results: Dasatinib inhibited migration and invasion in all cell lines and induced cell cycle arrest (blocking the G1-S transition) and apoptosis in some lines. The effects on migration and invasion correlated with the inhibition of Src and downstream mediators of adhesion [e.g., focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p130, and paxillin], and the cell cycle effects and apoptosis correlated with the induction of p27 and the dephosphorylation of Rb. Dasatinib also induced morphologic changes that were consistent with an upstream role for Src in regulating focal adhesion complexes. Conclusions: This study showed that Src inhibition in HNSCC and NSCLC has antitumor effects in vitro. This suggests that dasatinib would have therapeutic activity against these tumors. Clinical studies in these tumor types are warranted.
A Lecture ON RADIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE: Delivered at the Cancer Hospital, Brompton
Authors: R. Knox
Journal: BMJ (1913)

blood, the importance of a fortifying line of treatment and of avoiding all depressing measures.The problem of specific treatment still awaits solution.(I have to acknowledge the valuable assistance of my house-physician, Dr. Turkington, in preparing the data for this paper.)
EVOLUTION OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS INTO EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS CARRYING MONOCLONAL MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA
Authors: Wataru Abo, Makoto Kamada, Takashi Motoya, Takao Aya, Tooru Nakao, Kenzo Takada, Masakatsu Imamura, Michiyo Iwanga, Shoki Yano, Toyoro Osato
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Food for thought: the complex and controversial interaction between diet and physical activity
Authors: David Hughes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To compare a low field dedicated extremity magnetic resonance imaging system (E-MRI) with <i>x</i> ray and clinical examination, in the detection of inflammation and erosive lesions in wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in newly diagnosed, untreated rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>PATIENTS AND METHODS</h3> Twenty five patients (disease duration ⩽1 year) and three healthy controls entered the study. An<i>x</i> ray examination and MRI (before and after intravenous injection of a contrast agent) of the 2nd–5th MCP joints and the wrist was performed. The number of erosions on<i>x</i> ray examination and MRI was calculated, and synovitis in the MCP joints and wrists was graded semiquantitatively. <h3>RESULTS</h3> E-MRI detected 57 bone erosions, whereas only six erosions were disclosed by<i>x</i> ray examination (ratio 9.5:1). Synovial hypertrophy grades were significantly higher in RA joints with clinical signs of joint inflammation—that is, swelling and/or tenderness (median 3, 5th–95th centile 1–4) than without these clinical signs (median 2, 5th–95th centile 1–3), p&lt;0.001. 51% of the joints without clinical signs of synovitis showed synovial hypertrophy on E-MRI. There was a positive correlation between MRI scores of synovitis and the number of erosions detected by MRI in the MCP joints (Spearman<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.31, p&lt;0.01). No healthy controls had erosions or synovitis on MRI. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Joint destruction starts very early in RA and E-MRI allows detailed evaluation of inflammatory and destructive changes in wrists and MCP joints in patients with incipient RA.
Gene Expression Signature of Human Cancer Cell Lines Treated with the Ras Inhibitor Salirasib (<i>S</i>-Farnesylthiosalicylic Acid)
Authors: Roy Blum, Ran Elkon, Shira Yaari, Adi Zundelevich, Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch, Gideon Rechavi, Ron Shamir, Yoel Kloog
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Deregulation of Ras pathways results in complex abnormalities of multiple signaling cascades that contribute to human malignancies. Ras is therefore considered an appropriate target for cancer therapy. In light of the complexity of the deregulated Ras pathway, it is important to decipher at the molecular level the response of cancer cells to Ras inhibitors that would reregulate it. In the present study, we used gene expression profiling as a robust method for the global dissection of gene expression alterations that resulted from treatment with the Ras inhibitor S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS; salirasib). Use of a ranking-based procedure, combined with functional analysis and promoter sequence analysis, enabled us to decipher the common and most prominent patterns of the transcriptional response of five different human cancer cell lines to FTS. Remarkably, the analysis identified a distinctive core transcriptional response to FTS that was common to all cancer cell lines tested. This signature fits well to a recently described deregulated Ras pathway signature that predicted sensitivity to FTS. Taken together, these studies provide strong support for the conclusion that FTS specifically reregulates defective Ras pathways in human tumor cells. Ras pathway reregulation by FTS was manifested by repression of E2F-regulated and NF-Y–regulated genes and of the transcription factor FOS (all of which control cell proliferation), repression of survivin expression (which blocks apoptosis), and induction of activating transcription factor–regulated and Bach2-regulated genes (which participate in translation and stress responses). Our results suggest that cancer patients with deregulated Ras pathway tumors might benefit from FTS treatment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):3320–8]
Aspartic Proteinase Phylogeny and the Origin of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins
Authors: A. L. Hughes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The phylogenetic relationships of eukaryotic aspartic proteinases were reconstructed in order to understand the origin of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs), which constitute a large gene family expressed in the trophoblast and placenta of mammals in the order Artiodactyla. The phylogeny supported the hypothesis that PAGs originated in mammals, being most closely related to a group of PAG-like molecules (including rodent pepsin F) found in other mammalian orders. These two groups in turn form a sister group to a group of digestive enzymes from birds and mammals, which includes pepsin A. Sequence similarity in the promoter region of artiodactyl PAGs and mouse pepsin F also supported a close relationship between these genes. Ancestral sequence reconstruction revealed that, at the residues corresponding to positions 148–150 of pepsin A, in the ancestor of artiodactyl PAGs the motif QNL was replaced by EPV; and EPV (or occasionally EPI) is conserved at these sites in known PAGs. The conservation of this ancestral change suggests that it may be important to PAG function, particularly the fact that PAGs lack proteinase activity in spite of the conservation of active site residues in most PAGs.
Effect of Natural Protease Inhibitors and a Chemoattractant on Tumor Cell Invasion In Vitro
Authors: U P Thorgeirsson, L A Liotta, T Kalebic, I M Margulies, K Thomas, M Rios-Candelore, R G Russo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The effects of natural protease inhibitors and a chemoattractant on tumor cell invasion were studied with the use of a new in vitro quantitative assay of tumor cell penetration of native connective tissue. Human amnion membrane denuded of its epithelium is composed of a continuous basement membrane (BM) attached to a dense avascular collagenous stroma. M5076 reticulum sarcoma cells, known to be highly invasive in vivo, were placed on the BM side of the amnion connective tissue. Tumor cells penetrating the full thickness of the connective tissue barrier were collected on the stromal side with a Millipore filter. N-Formylmethionyl-Ieucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) at an optimal concentration of 10−7M stimulated the penetration of up to 600% more tumor cells into the connective tissue after 20 hours in comparison to the number of tumor cells spontaneously penetrating in serum-free media. Natural protease inhibitors blocked both FMLPstimulated and spontaneous invasion. A bovine cartilage extract containing inhibitors of both serine proteinases and metalloproteinases caused a 500% decrease in invasion. Furthermore, a 500% inhibition of invasion was produced by a purified collagenase (metalloproteinase) inhibitor. In contrast, soybean trypsin inhibitor and bovine serum albumin did not significantly alter the invasion rate. The protease inhibitors were nontoxic and did not reduce tumor cell proliferation, attachment to the amnion, and the rate of tumor cell migration through Nuclepore filters. These data support the hypothesis that collagenolytic metalloproteinases playa necessary role in tumor cell invasion of native connective tissue.