tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary Fat Is Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Brazilians
Authors: Renata D. Freire, Marly A. Cardoso, Suely G.A. Gimeno, Sandra R.G. Ferreira
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to examine the association of nutrient intakes with metabolic syndrome in a Japanese descendant population at high risk for metabolic abnormalities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a population-based study of Japanese Brazilians aged ≥30 years, 412 men and 465 women were studied. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria modified for Asians. Food intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS—Men and women showed similar mean ages (55.7 ± 12.7 and 54.4 ± 11.9 years) and 49% (95% CI 44.8–54.6) and 43% (38.4–47.6) had metabolic syndrome, respectively. As expected, clinical parameters were less favorable in the subset of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Men with metabolic syndrome showed higher cholesterol (233.2 ± 116.3 vs. 211.7 ± 5.8 g/day, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and lower carbohydrate (288.5 ± 45.8 vs. 300.1 ± 39.8 g/day, P &amp;lt; 0.001) intakes than those without metabolic syndrome, but no difference was observed among the women. After adjusting for sex, age, smoking, education level, generation, physical activity, total energy, and dietary fiber intake, a positive association between metabolic syndrome and total fat intake was detected. Comparing people in the highest quintile of total fat consumption with those in the lowest quintile, odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome was 5.0 ([95% CI 1.58–16.00]; P &amp;lt; 0.005). In contrast, linoleic acid intake was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (OR 0.50 [95% CI 0.26–0.98]; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Considering food groups, after adjustments only fried food intake was shown to be associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS—Despite the limitation of such a study design in investigating cause-effect relationships, our findings favor the hypothesis that dietary total fat may increase whereas linoleic acid intake may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in Japanese descendants living in Brazil.
Epidemic Influenza and General Hospitals
Authors: J. Mackay-Dick
Journal: BMJ (1969)

PointersAspirin and Haemorrhage: Incidence of aspirin- taking correlated with lesion in 582 patients with gastro-duodenal haemorrhage.Positive aspirin history most common in acute gastric lesions (p.661).Alcohol may accentuate blood loss from aspirin ingestion (p.664).Fibrin Degradation Products in Pregnancy: Level of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products found to rise during pregnancy, suggesting that fibrinolysis may not be decreased in late preg- nancy, as has been assumed previously (p.665).Hypercalciuria and Stones: Study of the characteristics of stone-formers' urine (p.668).Home Haemodialysis: Internal arteriovenous fistula preferred by patients to external shunt.No medical complications in a total experience of 30 patient-months (p.671).Electrocardiogram in Diagnosis: In only 25% of 77 episodes of myocardial infarction was the initial E.C.G. tracing diagnostic.Early accu- rate diagnosis of slight attacks is best made by clinical examination and E.C.G. reporting by the same doctor (p.673).Home Treatment: Patients with myocardial
Carcinoma of the Lung in Rats Exposed to the β-Radiation of Intrabronchial Ruthenium&lt;sup&gt;106&lt;/sup&gt; Pellets. I. Dose-Response Relationships&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Sidney Laskin, Marvin Kuschner, Norton Nelson, Bernard Altshuler, John H. Harley, Marshall Daniels
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Groups of rats were exposed to β-radiation derived from ruthenium106-plated pellets implanted within the bronchi. Levels of μc varied from 0.008 to 13.6 and integrated dose from 103 to 106 rads. Since the spatial relationship of the eng pellet to the bronchial origin of tumor was known, dose to the specific target tissue could be directly calculated. This is in contrast to previous quantitations of radiation to the bronchus in terms of “average lung dose.” Sixty-eight animals with squamous cell carcinomas were observed among the 265 rats exposed. The tumors occurred in dose-related fashion with incidence progressing from 7.3 percent in animals exposed to 103 rads to 65.6 percent in those exposed to 106 rads.
Seasonal variability in physical activity in healthy subjects and patients with early COPD
Authors: Miek Hornikx, Hans Van Remoortel, Kristien De Bent, Erica Balligand, Chris Burtin, Daniel Langer, Rik Gosselink, Marc Decramer, Wim Janssens, Thierry Troosters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Physical activity (PA) is an important parameter related to morbidity in both patients with COPD and in healthy subjects. Little is known on the variability in PA measurements. We aimed at computing the intra-individual variability of PA assessments within one week and when measured 6 months apart in stable subjects.   Methods:  78 Subjects (Age 63±7 years; 6MWD 92±9% pred), including 45 healthy persons and 33 patients with COPD (23 GOLD I;10 GOLD II), were instructed to wear the SenseWear Armband during 7 consecutive days, six months apart, to measure PA. The difference in the average amount of steps (PA steps ) and the time spent in moderate PA (> 3 METS) (PA mod ) were chosen as primary outcomes. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for these 7 days. Outcomes are linked to the season of assessment.   Results:  The CV for the number of steps was 33±14% and accounted 59±28% for PA mod . Table 1 provides an overview of physical activity at follow-up for the four seasons.   Conclusion:  Our analysis indicate that, within one visit, the variability in PA is large. Average PA is reduced during autumn and winter time. Trials using PA as an outcome should take these seasonal fluctuations into account.
An endothelial laminin isoform, laminin 8 (α4β1γ1), is secreted by blood neutrophils, promotes neutrophil migration and extravasation, and protects neutrophils from apoptosis
Authors: Zenebech Wondimu, Tarekegn Geberhiwot, Sulev Ingerpuu, Erkki Juronen, Xun Xie, Lennart Lindbom, Masayuki Doi, Jarkko Kortesmaa, Jill Thyboll, Karl Tryggvason, Bengt Fadeel, Manuel Patarroyo
Journal: Blood (2004)
Demonstration of a hormonal inhibitor of proximal tubular reabsorption during expansion of extracellular volume with isotonic saline
Authors: Floyd C. Rector, Manuel Martinez-Maldonado, Neil A. Kurtzman, Jack C. Sellman, Fred Oerther, Donald W. Seldin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Evidence for the elaboration of a hormonal inhibitor of renal tubular reabsorption in response to expansion of extracellular fluid volume was obtained by examining the effects of plasma from rats and dogs undergoing saline diuresis on the rate of proximal tubular reabsorption measured both directly by micropuncture techniques and indirectly by clearance techniques.
Mutational analysis and an alternatively spliced product of B7 defines its CD28/CTLA4-binding site on immunoglobulin C-like domain.
Authors: Y Guo, Y Wu, M Zhao, X P Kong, Y Liu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Costimulatory molecules B7 and B7-2 interact with T cell surface receptors CD28/CTLA4 and deliver a costimulatory signal essential for T cell growth. However, the structure basis of this interaction is not known. B7 and B7-2 are members of immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and their extracellular portion consists of an IgV- and IgC-like domain. Here we report that a naturally occurring, alternatively spliced form of B7 reveals that exon 3-encoded IgC domain is essential for CD28/CTLA4 binding. Mutational analysis of B7 demonstrates a critical role of several amino acids around loops between strands B and C and D and E, for binding CTLA4/CD28. These amino acids are clustered to form a single binding site centered at 201Y. A comparison of the effects of mutations on the binding of CD28 and CTLA4 reveals that CD28 and CTLA4 binds to the same site on B7. These results have important implications on the role of CTLA4 and CD28 in T cell costimulation. The structure of the CD28/CTLA4-binding site also provides valuable information for immune intervention targeted at the B7/B7-2-CD28/CTLA4 interactions.
mRNA Expression Signature of Gleason Grade Predicts Lethal Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kathryn L. Penney, Jennifer A. Sinnott, Katja Fall, Yudi Pawitan, Yujin Hoshida, Peter Kraft, Jennifer R. Stark, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Sven Perner, Stephen Finn, Stefano Calza, Richard Flavin, Matthew L. Freedman, Sunita Setlur, Howard D. Sesso, Swen-Olof Andersson, Neil Martin, Philip W. Kantoff, Jan-Erik Johansson, Hans-Olov Adami, Mark A. Rubin, Massimo Loda, Todd R. Golub, Ove Andrén, Meir J. Stampfer, Lorelei A. Mucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose Prostate-specific antigen screening has led to enormous overtreatment of prostate cancer because of the inability to distinguish potentially lethal disease at diagnosis. We reasoned that by identifying an mRNA signature of Gleason grade, the best predictor of prognosis, we could improve prediction of lethal disease among men with moderate Gleason 7 tumors, the most common grade, and the most indeterminate in terms of prognosis. Patients and Methods Using the complementary DNA–mediated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation assay, we measured the mRNA expression of 6,100 genes in prostate tumor tissue in the Swedish Watchful Waiting cohort (n = 358) and Physicians' Health Study (PHS; n = 109). We developed an mRNA signature of Gleason grade comparing individuals with Gleason ≤ 6 to those with Gleason ≥ 8 tumors and applied the model among patients with Gleason 7 to discriminate lethal cases. Results We built a 157-gene signature using the Swedish data that predicted Gleason with low misclassification (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91); when this signature was tested in the PHS, the discriminatory ability remained high (AUC = 0.94). In men with Gleason 7 tumors, who were excluded from the model building, the signature significantly improved the prediction of lethal disease beyond knowing whether the Gleason score was 4 + 3 or 3 + 4 (P = .006). Conclusion Our expression signature and the genes identified may improve our understanding of the de-differentiation process of prostate tumors. Additionally, the signature may have clinical applications among men with Gleason 7, by further estimating their risk of lethal prostate cancer and thereby guiding therapy decisions to improve outcomes and reduce overtreatment.
Effects of Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy on the Frequency and Function of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Patrick J. Schuler, Malgorzata Harasymczuk, Bastian Schilling, Zenichiro Saze, Laura Strauss, Stephan Lang, Jonas T. Johnson, Theresa L. Whiteside
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulate in tumor tissues and the peripheral blood of cancer patients and may persist after therapies. This cross-sectional study examines effects of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on Treg numbers and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Experimental Design: The frequency and absolute numbers of CD4+, ATP-hydrolyzing CD4+CD39+ and CD8+ T cells, and expression levels of CD39, CD25, TGF-β–associated LAP and GARP on Treg were measured by flow cytometry in 40 healthy donors (NC) and 71 HNSCC patients [29 untreated with active disease (AD); 22 treated with surgery; 20 treated with CRT]. All treated subjects had no evident disease (NED) at the time of phlebotomy. In an additional cohort of 40 subjects with AD (n = 15), NED (n = 10), and NC (n = 15), in vitro sensitivity of CD4+ T-cell subsets to cisplatin and activation-induced cell death (AICD) was tested in Annexin V–binding assays. Results: CRT decreased the frequency of circulating CD4+ T cells (P &amp;lt; 0.002) but increased that of CD4+CD39+ Treg (P ≤ 0.001) compared with untreated or surgery-only patients. Treg frequency remained elevated for &amp;gt;3 years. CRT increased surface expression of LAP, GARP, and CD39 on Treg. In vitro Treg were resistant to AICD or cisplatin but conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) were not. CRT-induced Treg from AD or NC subjects upregulated prosurvival proteins whereas Tconv upregulated proapoptotic Bax. Conclusions: Highly suppressive, cisplatin-resistant Treg increase in frequency and persist after CRT and could be responsible for suppression of antitumor immune responses and recurrence in HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(23); 6585–96. ©2013 AACR.
Cancer of the Uterine Cervix in Mice Fed a Liquid Diet Containing an Antifertility Drug
Authors: Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

A series of preliminary short-term experiments demonstrated: 1) Mice could be maintained on a liquid diet; 2) Enovid given to newborn BALB/c mice produced results similar to the effects of diethylstilbestrol; and 3) Enovid could be administered in a liquid diet to mice and produce changes in the endometrium similar to an estrogen effect. A long-term experiment was then begun, and BALB/c mice were given Enovid in Metrecal continuously. All 6 mice receiving the mixture for 518–721 days and 2 mice born to a mother on Enovid and continued on Enovid for 599 days had lesions of the uterine cervix, diagnosed as early cancer or infiltrating cancer. None of the mice on Metrecal alone developed cervical lesions. Previous reports on the induction of carcinoma of the cervix in mice by estrogens are reviewed, and the histology of the lesions induced by Enovid is described. The need for further studies is discussed.
Fluid absorption in isolated perfused colonic crypts.
Authors: S K Singh, H J Binder, W F Boron, J P Geibel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

A spatial segregation of ion transport processes between crypt and surface epithelial cells is well-accepted and inte- grated into physiological and pathophysiological paradigms of small and large intestinal function: Absorptive processes are believed to be located in surface (and villous) cells, whereas secretory processes are believed to be present in crypt cells.Validation of this model requires direct determi- nation of fluid movement in intestinal crypts.This study describes the adaptation of techniques from renal tubule microperfusion to hand-dissect and perfuse single, isolated crypts from rat distal colon to measure directly fluid move- ment.Morphologic analyses of the isolated crypt prepara- tion revealed no extraepithelial cellular elements derived from the lamina propria, including myofibroblasts.In the basal state, crypts exhibited net fluid absorption (mean net fluid movement = 0.34+0.01nl mm-' -min-'), which was Na+ and partially HCO-dependent.Addition of 1 mM dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, 60 nM vasoactive intestinal peptide, or 0.1 mM acetylcholine to the bath (serosal) solution re- versibly induced net fluid secretion (net fluid movement --0.35+0.01nl mm-.min-').These observations permit speculation that absorption is a constitutive transport function in crypt cells and that secretion by crypt cells is regulated by one or more neurohumoral agonists that are released in situ from lamina propria cells.The functional, intact polarized crypt described here that both absorbs and secretes will permit future studies that dissect the mecha- nisms that govern fluid and electrolyte movement in the colonic crypt.(
THE ANEMIA OF THERMAL INJURY. III. ERYTHROPOIESIS AND HEMOGLOBIN METABOLISM STUDIED WITH N15-GLYCINE IN DOG AND MAN 1
Authors: G. Watson James, Lynn D. Abbott, James W. Brooks, Everett I. Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

In earlier investigations regarding the anemia of thermal injury (1) tentative conclusions were reached suggesting that the deficiency in total cir- culating hemoglobin was produced by at least two mechanisms: In the first few days after a burn, a hemolytic process; then, later, inadequate hemo- globin synthesis.To explore further the dyshe- matopoiesis, experimental studies have been per- formed in burned dogs and in a burned man.The principal index of red cell and hemoglobin forma- tion was the rate and extent of uptake of heavy nitrogen (N15) from isotopically-labelled glycine into the heme fraction of hemoglobin.This tech- nique also makes it possible to estimate the life span of the erythrocytes formed during the particular phase of injury under study (2).Nu- merous additional physiological and biochemical studies were performed concomitantly to aid in the interpretation of the N15 data.These included complete hemograms, marrow surveys on the dogs, measurements of blood volume, nitrogen balance, serum iron, copper and bilirubin, erythrocyte pro- toporphyrin, urinary coproporphyrin, and urinary and fecal urobilinogen. METHODS AND MATERIALSMongrel male dogs, two to four years of age, were kept in metabolic cages on a fixed diet designed to give a daily intake of 14 Gm. of nitrogen and sufficient calories to maintain body weight under control conditions.Hemo-
In vitro lymphocyte stimulation by wart antigen in man
Authors: L. IVANYI, W.L. MORISON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article In vitro lymphocyte stimulation by wart antigen in man Get access L. IVANYI, L. IVANYI Department of Oral Immunology and Microbiology, Guy's Hospital Medical and Dental Schools, London, and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School Boston, Mass., U.S.A. Dr L. Ivanyi, Department of Oral Immunology and Microbiology, Guy's Hospital Medical and Dental Schools, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.L. MORISON W.L. MORISON Department of Oral Immunology and Microbiology, Guy's Hospital Medical and Dental Schools, London, and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School Boston, Mass., U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 5, 1 May 1976, Pages 523–527, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb05140.x Published: 01 May 1976
Posttransfusion Hepatitis Type A
Authors: F. Blaine Hollinger
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission through blood is a rare but potential cause of posttransfusion hepatitis. We can now document such a case supported by laboratory evidence of HAV in the donor blood. A 10-year-old girl manifested icteric hepatitis A 31 days after receiving a single unit of packed RBCs from a donor who subsequently experienced hepatitis A and died in hepatic failure. Hepatitis A virus antigen was detected in the donor's hepatocytes and in plasma obtained from the original donor unit. The density in cesium chloride of the HAV antigenic activity from the liver and plasma ranged from 1.33 to 1.37 g/cu cm, which is similar to that reported for infectious HAV particles. The implicated donor plasma had normal aminotransferase levels and was negative for antibody to HAV. Inoculation of this plasma into a chimpanzee resulted in the development of hepatitis A 23 days later based on the appearance of fecal HAV antigen, hepatitis, and IgM anti-HAV seroconversion. These data clearly document the presence of HAV in the donor sample that produced posttransfusion hepatitis A. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2313-2317)
Isolation from a Salivary Gland of Granules Containing Renin and Kallikrein
Authors: TZU S. CHIANG, ERVIN G. ERDÖS, ISAO MIWA, LARRY L. TAGUE, JACQUELINE J. COALSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Granules of the submaxillary gland of the white mouse contain both kallikrein and renin. The granules were separated and concentrated in sequential centrifugation procedures. They were more stable at room temperature and in hypertonic sucrose solutions than in the cold or in isotonic solution. The amylase, acid phosphatase, renin, kallikrein, and benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester esterase contents of the granules were determined. Kallikrein and renin showed a similar distribution pattern after fractionation. Granular renin released the equivalent of 9.6 µg angiotensin II amide/mg enzyme protein/min from swine serum angiotensinogen. Granular kallikrein liberated from human kininogen the equivalent of 8.4 µg bradykinin/mg enzyme protein/min. Electron micrographs of the isolated granules showed various forms; some were spherical and symmetrical, and others were amorphous.
CHOP Alone Compared With CHOP Plus Radiotherapy for Localized Aggressive Lymphoma in Elderly Patients: A Study by the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte
Authors: Christophe Bonnet, Georges Fillet, Nicolas Mounier, Gérard Ganem, Thierry Jo Molina, Catherine Thiéblemont, Christophe Fermé, Bruno Quesnel, Claude Martin, Christian Gisselbrecht, Hervé Tilly, Félix Reyes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Chemoradiotherapy has been considered standard treatment for patients with limited-stage aggressive lymphoma on the basis of trials conducted before the introduction of the International Prognostic Index. To evaluate this approach in elderly patients with low-risk localized lymphoma, we conducted a trial comparing chemoradiotherapy with chemotherapy alone.Previously untreated patients older than 60 years with localized stage I or II histologically aggressive lymphoma and no adverse prognostic factors of the International Prognostic Index were randomly assigned to receive either four cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus involved-field radiotherapy (299 patients) or chemotherapy alone with four cycles of CHOP (277 patients).With a median follow-up time of 7 years, event-free and overall survival did not differ between the two treatment groups (P = .6 and P = .5, respectively). The 5-year estimates of event-free survival were 61% for patients receiving chemotherapy alone and 64% for patients receiving CHOP plus radiotherapy; the 5-year estimates of overall survival were 72% and 68%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, overall survival was affected by stage II disease (P < .001) and male sex (P = .03).In this large prospective study, CHOP plus radiotherapy did not provide any advantage over CHOP alone for the treatment of low-risk localized aggressive lymphoma in elderly patients.
Central thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates hepatic DNA synthesis in rats
Authors: M Yoneda, K Tamori, Y Sato, S Yokohama, K Nakamura, T Kono, I Makino
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Central neuropeptides play a role as physiological regulators in the autonomic nervous system. One of these neuropeptides, thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH), is distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and acts as a neurotransmitter to regulate gastric functions through the vagus nerve. However, the autonomic nervous system is also involved in hepatic regeneration, but the effect of TRH is unknown. Therefore, the CNS's effect of TRH on hepatic DNA synthesis was studied in rats. Hepatic DNA synthesis was assessed by [Methyl- 3 H]thymidine incorporation 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after intracisternal injection of the TRH analog, RX 77368 (1, 5, 10, and 100 ng), and by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling of the liver section. Hepatic DNA synthesis was stimulated by intracisternal TRH analog (10 ng), with a peak response at 24 hours after peptide injection, and returned to baseline by 72 hours. This stimulatory effect by central TRH analog on hepatic DNA synthesis was dose-related, ranging from 1 ng to 10 ng (dpm/microg DNA at 24 hours [mean ± SE]: saline, 95 ± 6; 1 ng, 114 ± 14; 5 ng, 318 ± 57; 10 ng, 693 ± 78; 100 ng, 710 ± 135). Hepatocytes were randomly labeled by BrdU 24 hours after intracisternal TRH analog (10 ng). Intravenous TRH analog (10 ng) did not influence hepatic DNA synthesis. The stimulatory effect of TRH analog was blocked by hepatic branch vagotomy and atropine, but not by hepatic sympathectomy, 6-hydroxydopamine, insulin antibody, or hypophysectomy. These results indicate that TRH acts in the CNS to stimulate hepatic DNA synthesis through vagal and cholinergic mechanisms, and that TRH may be the chemical messenger involved in brain regulation of hepatic proliferation.