tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;JAMA&lt;/emph&gt; Editor Honored as Champion of Integrity in Scientific Research and Publishing
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Veteran JAMA editor Drummond Rennie, MD, has received the Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in recognition of his advocacy for the free exchange of unbiased scientific information.
Commentary: Scrapie revisited
Authors: R G Will
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Scrapie is a naturally occurring disease of sheep, which has become the subject of increased scientific and media interest as scrapie contamination of feed was the probable origin of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Despite research over the past 30 years, the mechanism of transmission of natural scrapie remains uncertain. The literature on natural and experimental scrapie is extensive and at times confusing, with some authors arguing that scrapie is a purely genetic disorder while others maintain that it is an infectious disease. The advances in molecular biology in recent years have provided new information on scrapie, and Ridley and Baker provide a timely review, concluding that maternal transmission of scrapie and other spongiform encephalopathies is a myth.

There is no good evidence of maternal transmission in any of the human spongiform encephalopathies, in experimental …
Comparison of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: J Kisslo
Journal: Circulation (1979)

ARTICLE in this issue of Circulation, Wann et al. compare features of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography as used in patients with infective endocarditis.Their dis- cussion should arouse curiosity about the implied con- flict between M-mode and the newer, two-dimensional approach for general ultrasonic imaging of the heart.M-mode echocardiography has well-known capa- bilities.Clinician-echocardiographers can master this method in most diagnostic situations.This favorable milieu prevails because of the 15 or 20 years of inten- sive study into the capabilities of the technique that preceded its widespread, rapid acceptance in clinical practice.No other diagnostic modality based on modern electronic methods provides the "hands-on" characteristics that allow a physician to examine car- diac anatomy, confirm diagnostic impressions and im- mediately direct and accomplish further clinical ex- amination.Now, there is similar clinical enthusiasm for two- dimensional echocardiography, but there has been no luxury of time to develop a mature understanding of the technique.Practical systems for clinical use were developed only 4 years ago, and the demand for twodimensional echocardiographic services has acceler- ated rapidly.The ultimate clinical capabilities of this method are still uncertain, and some confusion exists regarding its indications for use, particularly in com- parison with M-mode procedures.This is an ap- propriate time to reflect upon several features of M- mode and two-dimensional echocardiography that serve to characterize and direct the use of both imaging methods. Cardiac ImagingThe use of any cardiac imaging procedure should be based on an appreciation of the type of information it provides.Cardiac images based upon common static (chest x-ray) or dynamic (fluoroscopic, cineventric- ulographic or radioisotope angiographic) approaches represent the heart and chambers as silhouettes.Both ultrasound techniques can image chambers, valves and walls, but two-dimensional echocardiography provides additional cross-sectional information.Silhouette techniques have been especially successful, for example, in evaluating the left ventricle by measuring ejection fraction, as their overall in-
HYPERGLYCEMIA WITHOUT GLYCOSURIA IN ONE THOUSAND DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: CHARLES T. STONE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The present day ideal in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is to supply the patient with a diet sufficient for his particular requirements, and with blood and urine free from sugar and ketone bodies. Thanks to insulin, it is now possible to attain this ideal in the great majority of cases; but every one who treats a fair number of diabetic patients now and again encounters instances in which, while it is possible to keep the urine sugar free, the blood sugar remains at a higher level than is generally considered satisfactory. Recently, there have been reported cases that are definitely refractory to insulin. Falta<sup>1</sup>had such a patient, who later consulted Basch,<sup>2</sup>and was found by the latter to be impossible of control on the usual diets with insulin, but was easily managed on Petrén's low protein and high fat diet without insulin. Umber and Rosenberg<sup>3</sup>
Ears— Sets, Sizes and Shapes
Authors: Eugene V. Perrin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  The query What is the definition for 'low set ears'? (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, JAMA  191 :1091 [March 29] 1965) received accurate and overly literal treatment.  As a veteran face-watcher, I have established standards of variable value for the funny faces of infancy and childhood. Low set ears is no more a lay term than many medical neologisms.  If a line be drawn from the outer canthus of the eye to the approximate occiput, the upper attachment of the ear should lie about 1 to 2 cm below this line and the long axis of the ear should be oriented to about 90° to the catho-occipital angle. Bilaterai low-set, posteriorly rotated, cartilage-poor, symmetrically malformed large ears, associated with strong facial features, are seen in connection with dry amniotic sacs. The nose is of the Assyrian King type, like the people on the bas-reliefs of Ashurbanipal's tomb. The
In defence of clinical freedom
Authors: M. R Baker
Journal: BMJ (1980)

dependent of the area of liposclerosis at the beginning of treatment.With leg ulcers there is some evidence' that healing follows a logarithmic curve, large ulcers healing faster than small ones.This biological phenomenon may well apply to the healing of liposclerosis; if so transformation-of the data is essential before paired comparisons are made.In the discussion the authors mention that other methods of assessing healing, such as percentage change, appeared to offer no advantages, but in what respect ?
Researching the small things that matter
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Two general practitioner academics who spent their professional lives researching the patient experience are facing terminal illness.1 2 Sweeney’s comment that “the more junior ranks of ancillary health professionals are simply unable to conceal the pleasure of the deployment of their authority” deserves to be systematically researched.

Managing serious illness requires collaboration between …
New consortium set up to provide evidence on which interventions work in improving sanitation
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Up to 2.4 million deaths a year could be prevented in the developing world, if people had adequate access to hygiene, sanitation, and drinking water, report a series of evidence based articles.

Many diseases, including diarrhoea, cholera, and typhoid, could be prevented in poor countries with cheap and proved interventions, according to the papers published by the Public Library of Science, PLoS.

The Water & Sanitation Series urges members of the health community, water, and sanitary professionals to engage collaboratively to reduce this “devastating disease burden.”

The papers, written by leading public health academics and water advocates, highlight that about 4000 …
ATROCITIES OF WAR
Authors: J. Bland-Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1919)

VAE VICTIS It is difficult to conceive a shorter sentence that contains so muclh meaning.Woe to the vanquished IThe modern term, Atrocities, or Horrors, has an alarming signification in Christian countries where men are exhorted to love their einemies IThe Old Testament abounds in descriptions of atrocities practised on prisoners of war.We are all familiar with one striking example in which the first King of Israel, Saul, slhowed mildness to the vanquished Amalekites, and tlle draimatic reproof he sustained when the prophet Samuel hewed Agag, King of the Amalekites, in pieces for sacrificial purposes.When the migh1ty captain Joab took Rabbah, the.metropolis of the Ammonites, he wisely sent for David to decide the fate of the garrison and be responsible for the atrocities.After Joab hiad brought forth tile spoil of the city in great abundance, the inhiabitants were collected," and he put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, an i and under axes of iron, and t brick-kiln (2 Sam.xii, 31).Thlis was done not only to thle people of -Rabbah, but also 4IIto the inhabitants of other \iJy0Ij1Amimonite cities.This method of treating prisoners of war ip);' was not peculiar to the Israelites.The slaughter and ', i tortuire of the vanquished 111111regularly followed the capture of stronigholds in those days.
Infant crying and colic: What lies beneath
Authors: John D. Newman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The neural structures implicated in crying are reviewed, based on studies in animals. Brain regions involved include the anterior cingulate gyrus (a cortical structure), amygdala, thalamic tegmentum, periaqueductal gray of the midbrain, and the nucleus ambiguus of the caudal brainstem. It is hypothesized that the crying associated with colic may be a manifestation of differing developmental stages in the brain circuits involved.
Connecting perception to cognition
Authors: R. I. Damper
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Following the “modularity” orthodoxy of some years ago, it has traditionally been assumed that there is a clear and obvious separation between perception and cognition. Close examination of this concept, however, fails to reveal the join. Ballard et al.'s contention that the two “cannot be easily separated” is consistent with nonmodular views of the way that symbol grounding might be achieved in situated systems. Indeed, the traditional separation is viewed as unhelpful.
Environmental fate of five radio-labeled coal conversion by-products evaluated in a laboratory model ecosystem
Authors: Po-Yung Lu, Robert L. Metcalf, Elaine M. Carlson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Anthracene, fluorene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene are five typical by-products of coal conversion which are likely to be environmental pollutants. These were radiolabeled to high specific activity and purity by simple tritium exchange and evaluated for environmental fate in laboratory model ecosystems. Anthracene and fluorene were biologically converted to hydroxy and keto analogs. Carbazole was N-methylated and N-acetylated. Dibenzothiophene was microsomally oxidized to the sulfoxide and sulfone. Dibenzofuran was relatively inert to biodegradation. The octanol/water partition coefficient for the parent compounds was well correlated with ecological magnification indicating the possibility of predicting environmental behavior from physicochemical parameters.
Adaptor protein Lnk binds to and inhibits normal and leukemic FLT3
Authors: De-Chen Lin, Tong Yin, Maya Koren-Michowitz, Ling-Wen Ding, Saskia Gueller, Sigal Gery, Takayuki Tabayashi, Ulla Bergholz, Julhash U. Kazi, Lars Rönnstrand, Carol Stocking, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2012)
A pilot, double-blind, controlled 1-year trial of prednisolone treatment in primary biliary cirrhosis: Hepatic improvement but greater bone loss
Authors: Harriet C. Mitchison, Margaret F. Bassendine, Archie J. Malcolm, Alex J. Watson, Christopher O. Record, Oliver F. W. James
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

A randomized, double-blind, 1-year pilot study of prednisolone treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis was undertaken. Nineteen patients received 30 mg prednisolone per day initially, with a maintenance dose of 10 mg per day. Seventeen patients received placebo. The groups were matched for age, menopausal status, hepatic histological stage and bilirubin. Treatment was well tolerated without dropouts. Two patients receiving prednisolone developed diabetes, one a duodenal ulcer and one depression. One patient receiving placebo died of liver failure after 3 months. Cholestatic symptoms (itch and fatigue) improved on prednisolone. There was significant (prednisolone vs. placebo) improvement in transaminase (p = 0.0214), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0032), procollagen III peptide (p = 0.0103), immunoglobulin G (p = 0.0012) and liver histology (p = 0.016); these changes were greatest among noncirrhotic patients. No patient developed skeletal symptoms. Fifty-seven per cent had abnormal triolein breath tests prior to treatment, and 65% had abnormally low calcium absorption tests. Calcium absorption increased significantly in the treated group vs. placebo at 2 weeks (p &lt; 0.02), but not at 1 year. Femoral photon absorptiometry fell in the prednisolone group after 1 year (-3.5% vs. placebo +0.5%, p &lt; 0.05), as did trabecular bone volume (-6% vs. -2.8%, p &lt; 0.005) and resorption surface (-11% vs. +2%, p &lt; 0.02) on serial bone biopsy. Prednisolone seems to exert a favorable hepatic effect in primary biliary cirrhosis but at the expense of increased bone loss to approximately twice the expected rate. Prednisolone treatment merits further assessment in primary biliary cirrhosis over a longer period, with attention to selection of patients most likely to benefit and continuing observation of bone mass to better establish the “cost/benefit” ratio.
Abstract 3654: Prognostic role of androgen receptor in bladder cancer
Authors: Arndt Hartmann, Simone Bertz, Bastian Keck, Lars Dyrskjot, Torben Orntoft, Bernd Wullich, Roland Hake, Sebastian Eidt, Ralph Wirtz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aims: Hormone receptors are the prototype predictive marker in breast and prostate cancer. Hormone receptor positive cancers have a better prognosis, increased tropism to metastasize into the bones and respond to endocrine treatment options. The prognostic value of hormone receptor in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is less established. This may in part result from technical limitations of immunhistochemical detection methods. Interestingly, female gender has recently been identified as strong adverse factor in advanced UCB (May et al., 2011). By analyzing whole genome expression data from non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients, we have evaluated the potential of top candidate genes (ESR1, PGR, AR, CYP19, HER2, RACGAP1) commonly used to stratify breast cancer patients to predict bladder cancer progression. In view of the gender specific effects, we have focused on the prognostic role of androgen receptor expression on tumor invasion, disease progression and survival. Methods: Affymetrix microarray data from 41 non-metastatic bladder cancer patients undergoing curative surgery were analyzed. Prognostic value of androgen receptor mRNA expression was analyzed by unsupervised Cluster analysis, partitioning tests, Mann Whitney tests and Kaplan Meier estimates of cancer specific survival. Results: Cluster analysis in the microarray date of the superficial UCB cohort identified a hormone receptor positive subtype and a proliferation dominated subtype of equal size. Androgen receptor expression was negatively associated with cancer specific death (r=−0,42; p=0,005), while proliferation correlated with increased risk of cancer specific death (r=0,46; p=0,003). In addition, low androgen receptor expression was associated with higher tumor stage (pTa vs pT1-4; p=0,017). In Kaplan Meier analysis, the cancer specific survival was significantly better in tumors exhibiting high androgen receptor levels (80% vs. 20 %; p&amp;lt;0,0001). Discussion: Resembling to some extent the situation in other cancer types, hormone receptors are prognostic factors in early stage bladder cancer. These results may also explain the recently described gender specific effects in bladder cancer. Moreover, these results raise the possibility, that UCB patients may be stratified according to their androgen receptor status in view of prognosis and putative endocrine therapy options. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3654. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3654
Delirium Tremens and Dreaming
Authors: RAMON GREENBERG, CHESTER PEARLMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

A study of patients receiving alcohol and patients withdrawn from alcohol showed that increasing levels of alcoholism suppressed dreaming. Withdrawal led consistently to an increase in Stage I-REM sleep, with 100 percent Stage I being found just before development of delirium tremens. A rationale for treatment based on these findings is proposed.
EXPERIMENTS WITH THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Richard Thompson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. Efforts to adapt the virus of poliomyelitis to the rabbit organism and to produce poliomyelitis in rabbits by testicular injection and by brain injection after testicular passage produced no evidence that the virus could be adapted in this manner. Suggestive symptoms produced in very young rabbits were duplicated in non-specifically treated and in uninoculated controls. The admixture of a vaccine virus, adapted to the rabbit organism, with the poliomyelitis virus in similar injections and passages did not aid the adaptation. The virus of poliomyelitis did not survive 24 hours in the rabbit testicle-whether alone or mixed with vaccine virus. Repeated intraperitoneal and intradermal injection of poliomyelitis virus and of poliomyelitis and vaccinia virus mixtures produced no disease in rabbits. Massive doses of concentrated virus by stomach tube in conjunction with meningeal irritation produced no symptoms in rabbits. 2. No neutralizing substances against poliomyelitis virus could be produced in rabbits by the repeated intraperitoneal and intradermal injection of poliomyelitis virus or of poliomyelitis-vaccinia virus mixtures. 3. Although attempts to infect monkeys by intrastomachic injections, after bile irritation of the mucosa, were entirely negative, evidence was obtained that repeated intrastomachic injection after bile irritation may produce an appreciable degree of immunity. 4. No evidence could be obtained that the cellular elements of the blood contain the virus in any greater proportion than the whole blood. 5. One attempt to immunize by neutral virus-serum mixtures was entirely negative.
Obesity Research—Limitations of Methods, Measurements, and Medications
Authors: Denise G. Simons-Morton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of aerobic training on plasma levels and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue gene expression of adiponectin, leptin, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α in obese women
Authors: Jan Polak, Eva Klimcakova, Cedric Moro, Nathalie Viguerie, Michel Berlan, Jindriska Hejnova, Blanka Richterova, Ivan Kraus, Dominique Langin, Vladimir Stich
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Venous Abnormalities Following Intravenous Sodium Sulfobromophthalein Administration
Authors: Edward M. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This study was designed to determine whether, subsequent to the intravenous administration of sodium sulfobromophthalein (BSP), the incidence of venous induration was significantly greater than that noted in a comparably studied placebo group. Two hundred eighty-eight prisoner volunteers (144 BSP and 144 placebo) were randomly assigned to the study. Twenty-four hours postinjection, ten of 144 BSP subjects and two of 141 placebo subjects had venous abnormality; 72 hours post-injection 21 of 140 BSP subjects and four of 136 placebo subjects had venous induration. These differences were statistically significant. The occurrence of venous induration appeared to be unrelated to the subjects' age or race or to the injection technique used. In view of these findings it is suggested that discretion be used in the clinical application of the BSP liver function test.
Purified Human Pituitary Hormones
Authors: JOSIAH BROWN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Excerpt Dr. Josiah Brown: The pace of new discoveries in medicine is constantly accelerating, and this is especially true in endocrinology. No sooner did we have adequate replacement therapy with the hormones of the target organs in pituitary insufficiency than we began to recognize some of the unique characteristics of human pituitary hormones—and then we found that there are certain special clinical situations in which only human pituitary hormones are adequate for clinical response. At this conference we shall review these three aspects and discuss two cases, the first one presented by Dr. Ament of the Department of Pediatrics. CASE PRESENTATIONS
Tie1 deletion inhibits tumor growth and improves angiopoietin antagonist therapy
Authors: Gabriela D’Amico, Emilia A. Korhonen, Andrey Anisimov, Georgia Zarkada, Tanja Holopainen, René Hägerling, Friedemann Kiefer, Lauri Eklund, Raija Sormunen, Harri Elamaa, Rolf A. Brekken, Ralf H. Adams, Gou Young Koh, Pipsa Saharinen, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The endothelial Tie1 receptor is ligand-less, but interacts with the Tie2 receptor for angiopoietins (Angpt). Angpt2 is expressed in tumor blood vessels, and its blockade inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Here we found that Tie1 deletion from the endothelium of adult mice inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth by decreasing endothelial cell survival in tumor vessels, without affecting normal vasculature. Treatment with VEGF or VEGFR-2 blocking antibodies similarly reduced tumor angiogenesis and growth; however, no additive inhibition was obtained by targeting both Tie1 and VEGF/VEGFR-2. In contrast, treatment of Tie1-deficient mice with a soluble form of the extracellular domain of Tie2, which blocks Angpt activity, resulted in additive inhibition of tumor growth. Notably, Tie1 deletion decreased sprouting angiogenesis and increased Notch pathway activity in the postnatal retinal vasculature, while pharmacological Notch suppression in the absence of Tie1 promoted retinal hypervasularization. Moreover, substantial additive inhibition of the retinal vascular front migration was observed when Angpt2 blocking antibodies were administered to Tie1-deficient pups. Thus, Tie1 regulates tumor angiogenesis, postnatal sprouting angiogenesis, and endothelial cell survival, which are controlled by VEGF, Angpt, and Notch signals. Our results suggest that targeting Tie1 in combination with Angpt/Tie2 has the potential to improve antiangiogenic therapy.