tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lid Imbrication Syndrome
Authors: Eric D. Donnenfeld, Henry D. Perry, Amilia Schrier, Bruce Zagelbaum, Rand Rodgers
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)

Background: Lid imbrication syndrome is an abnormality of lid apposition in which the upper lid overlies the lower lid. Patients often complain of irritation, tearing, and foreign body sensation. The condition may be difficult to diagnose. Method: Twenty-one patients with suspected lid imbrication syndrome, were compared with 21 age-matched controls. All patients were given 0.5% topical rose bengal. Results: The diagnosis of lid imbrication syndrome was confirmed by the presence of rose bengal staining of the tarsal conjunctiva of the upper lid margin. The amount of rose bengal staining correlated with the severity of lid imbrication. Eighteen of 21 patients had received a diagnosis previously of dry eye syndrome. Four patients had persistent epithelial defects. Conclusions: Rose bengal staining of the superior lid margin tarsal conjunctiva offers an extremely reliable aid for diagnosing lid imbrication syndrome. The condition commonly presents as a dry eye or persistent epithelial defect. Treatment ranges from viscous tear substitutes to horizontal lid shortening of the upper lid. Background: Lid imbrication syndrome is an abnormality of lid apposition in which the upper lid overlies the lower lid. Patients often complain of irritation, tearing, and foreign body sensation. The condition may be difficult to diagnose. Method: Twenty-one patients with suspected lid imbrication syndrome, were compared with 21 age-matched controls. All patients were given 0.5% topical rose bengal. Results: The diagnosis of lid imbrication syndrome was confirmed by the presence of rose bengal staining of the tarsal conjunctiva of the upper lid margin. The amount of rose bengal staining correlated with the severity of lid imbrication. Eighteen of 21 patients had received a diagnosis previously of dry eye syndrome. Four patients had persistent epithelial defects. Conclusions: Rose bengal staining of the superior lid margin tarsal conjunctiva offers an extremely reliable aid for diagnosing lid imbrication syndrome. The condition commonly presents as a dry eye or persistent epithelial defect. Treatment ranges from viscous tear substitutes to horizontal lid shortening of the upper lid.
Effects of pH on Potassium
Authors: Peter S. Aronson, Gerhard Giebisch
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Maintenance of extracellular K+ concentration within a narrow range is vital for numerous cell functions, particularly electrical excitability of heart and muscle. Potassium homeostasis during intermittent ingestion of K+ involves rapid redistribution of K+ into the intracellular space to minimize increases in extracellular K+ concentration, and ultimate elimination of the K+ load by renal excretion. Recent years have seen great progress in identifying the transporters and channels involved in renal and extrarenal K+ homeostasis. Here we apply these advances in molecular physiology to understand how acid-base disturbances affect serum potassium.
Leucocyte adhesion deficiency presenting as a chronic ileocolitis.
Authors: I D D'Agata, K Paradis, Z Chad, Y Bonny, E Seidman
Journal: Gut (1996)

CD11/CD18 leucocyte glycoprotein deficiency is a rare, congenital adhesion molecule disorder which, in its severe form, is usually fatal. Leucocytes in affected subjects have abnormal migration and adherence, rendering patients susceptible to life threatening infections. The CD11/CD18 integrins, and other adhesion molecules, are considered essential to the normal inflammatory response. It has been postulated that adhesion molecules may be responsible for mediating in part, the inflammatory changes observed in inflammatory bowel diseases and related disorders. This report describes the first case of CD11/CD18 deficiency characterised by a chronic ileocolitis. Bone marrow transplantation completely resolved the gastrointestinal symptoms, supporting a role for neutrophil dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the gut lesions. This case suggests that specific blockade of CD11/CD18 integrins alone may not halt the chronic inflammatory response observed in immune mediated bowel disorders, and that abnormalities of leucocyte function must be included in the differential diagnosis of paediatric Crohn9s disease.
Intratumoral Administration of Dendritic Cells Overexpressing CCL21 Generates Systemic Antitumor Responses and Confers Tumor Immunity
Authors: Seok-Chul Yang, Sven Hillinger, Karen Riedl, Ling Zhang, Li Zhu, Min Huang, Kimberly Atianzar, Brian Y. Kuo, Brian Gardner, Raj K. Batra, Robert M. Strieter, Steven M. Dubinett, Sherven Sharma
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

To achieve in situ tumor antigen uptake and presentation, intratumoral administration of ex vivo-generated, gene-modified murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) was used in a murine lung cancer model. To attract mature host DC and activated T cells at the tumor site, the DC were transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (CCL21/SLC). Sixty percent of the mice treated with 10(6) DC-AdCCL21 intratumorally (7-10 ng/ml/10(6) cells/24 h of CCL21) at weekly intervals for 3 weeks showed complete tumor eradication, whereas only 25% of mice had complete resolution of tumors when mice were treated with fibroblasts expressing CCL21. In contrast only 12% of the mice treated with unmodified or control vector modified DC (DC-AdCV) showed complete tumor eradication. DC-AdCCL21 administration led to increases in the CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD3(+)CXCR3(+) T cells, as well as DC expressing CD11c(+) DEC205(+). CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory cells infiltrating the tumors were markedly reduced after DC-AdCCL21 therapy. The tumor site cellular infiltrates were accompanied by the enhanced elaboration of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN-gamma, MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and interleukin 12, but decreases in the immunosuppressive mediators transforming growth factor beta and prostaglandin E(2). DC-AdCCL21-treated tumor-bearing mice showed enhanced frequency of tumor-specific T lymphocytes secreting IFN-gamma, and tumor protective immunity was induced after DC-AdCCL21 therapy. In vivo depletion of IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, or IFN-gamma significantly reduced the antitumor efficacy of DC-AdCCL21. These findings provide a strong rationale for the evaluation of DC-AdCCL21 in cancer immunotherapy.
Human population structure, genome autozygosity and human health
Authors: Harry Campbell, Igor Rudan, Alan H Bittles, Alan F Wright
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

A major transition in human population structure is currently under way, moving from a historical metapopulation, comprising small and mainly rural endogamous communities, to large and increasingly panmictic urban populations. This process is predicted to increase outbreeding, and preliminary data from genomic surveys have helped to quantify the potential magnitude of the effects. Population genetic trends of this nature should result in a reduced burden of recessive disorders, and have a favourable impact on complex diseases influenced by partially recessive genetic variants of smaller effect. The overall outcome is expected to be beneficial for a range of traits associated with human health and disease that show dominance variance.
Impact of inappropriate empirical therapy for sepsis due to health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Antonio B. Millán, M. Angeles Domínguez, Carmen Borraz, M. Pau González, Benito Almirante, Emilia Cercenado, Belén Padilla, Miquel Pujol
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
The significance of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Tse-Ling Fong, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Jeanne G. Waggoner, Steven M. Banks, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We assessed the prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among a cohort of 148 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Sixteen patients (11%) had anti-hepatitis C virus detectable by enzyme-linked immunoassay. The results from eight of these patients were positive by recombinant immunoblot assay. The results of recombinant immunoblot assay testing were not consistent; therefore the analysis of the patients' data was based on anti-hepatitis C virus enzyme-linked immunoassay results. Patients with chronic hepatitis B with anti-hepatitis C virus were more likely to be cirrhotic (44% vs. 21%) and to have decompensated liver disease (24% vs. 6%). Hepatitis B virus replication appeared to be suppressed in patients with both infections as measured by hepatitis B virus-associated DNA polymerase activity (mean = 2,055 vs. 2,555 cpm). Human immunodeficiency virus infection was more common in the anti-hepatitis C virus positive group (36% vs. 11%). Thus hepatitis C virus appears to suppress hepatitis B virus replication and to cause more severe liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.
Localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA in human fetal lung tissue by in situ hybridization.
Authors: P B McCray, C L Wohlford-Lenane, J M Snyder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The fetal pulmonary epithelium secretes fluid. Cl transport is presumed to provide the driving force for net fluid secretion, although the cellular mechanisms have not been well identified in the fetus. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP- and nucleoside triphosphate-regulated Cl channel; mutations in CFTR cause cystic fibrosis. We hypothesized that if CFTR is involved in fetal lung fluid transport, the fetal pulmonary epithelium should express CFTR mRNA. We used the technique of in situ hybridization with 3H-anti-sense and, as a control, 3H-sense CFTR cRNA probes to localize CFTR mRNA in human fetal lung tissue and cultured lung explants and determine when in gestation it is expressed. Epithelial cells of both first and second trimester lung tissues expressed CFTR mRNA. A decreasing gradient of CFTR mRNA expression was present from the proximal to the distal pulmonary epithelium. Cultured second trimester lung tissue explants expressed more CFTR mRNA than the uncultured starting tissue, suggesting CFTR gene expression increased during the five days in culture. Furthermore, alveolar type II cells in cultured explants expressed CFTR mRNA, suggesting that these cells are Cl-secretory and may be involved in lung fluid transport. These data confirm that CFTR mRNA is expressed in the human fetal pulmonary epithelium, consistent with the Cl-secretory properties of the fetal lung.
Requirements for Bone Marrow–Derived Antigen-Presenting Cells in Priming Cytotoxic T Cell Responses to Intracellular Pathogens
Authors: Laurel L. Lenz, Eric A. Butz, Michael J. Bevan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Bone marrow (BM)-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are potent stimulators of T cell immune responses. We investigated the requirements for antigen presentation by these cells in priming cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to intracellular bacterial and viral pathogens. [Parent→F1] radiation BM chimeras were constructed using C57BL/6 donors and (C57BL/6 × BALB/c)F1 recipients. Infection of chimeric mice with either Listeria monocytogenes or vaccinia virus expressing the nucleoprotein (NP) antigen from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) primed H2-Db–restricted, but not H2-Kd–restricted CTL responses, demonstrating the requirement for BM-derived APCs for successful priming of CTL responses to these pathogens. Surprisingly, this did not hold true for chimeric mice infected with LCMV itself. LCMV-infected animals developed strong CTL responses specific for both H2-Db– and H2-Ld–restricted NP epitopes. These findings indicate that in vivo priming of CTL responses to LCMV is remarkably insensitive to deficiencies in antigen presentation by professional BM-derived APCs.
Assessment of right ventricular function by strain rate imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: A. Vitarelli, Y. Conde, E. Cimino, S. Stellato, S. D'Orazio, I. D'Angeli, B. L. Nguyen, V. Padella, F. Caranci, A. Petroianni, L. D'Antoni, C. Terzano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The purpose of the current study was to compare right ventricular (RV) myocardial wall velocities (tissue Doppler imaging) and strain rate imaging (SRI) parameters with conventional echocardiographic indices evaluating RV function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. In total, 39 patients with COPD and 22 healthy subjects were included in the current study. Seventeen patients had pulmonary artery pressure &lt;35 mmHg (group I) and 22 patients had pulmonary artery pressure &gt;35 mmHg (group II). Tissue Doppler imaging, strain and strain rate (SR) values were obtained from RV free wall (FW) and interventricular septum. Respiratory function tests were performed (forced expiratory volume in one second/vital capacity (FEV 1 /VC) and carbon monoxide diffusion lung capacity per unit of alveolar volume ( D L,CO / V A )). Strain/SR values were reduced in all segments of group II patients compared with group I patients and controls with lowest values at basal FW site. A significant relationship was shown between peak systolic SR at basal FW site and radionuclide RV ejection fraction. A significant relationship was shown between peak systolic SR at basal FW site and D L,CO / V A and FEV 1 /VC. In conclusion, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, strain rate imaging parameters can determine right ventricular dysfunction that is complementary to conventional echocardiographic indices and is correlated with pulmonary hypertension and respiratory function tests.
Behavior of Visceral <i>Leishmania donovani</i> in an Experimentally Induced T Helper Cell 2 (Th2)-Associated Response Model
Authors: Henry W. Murray, June Hariprashad, Robert L. Coffman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Although implicated in the clinical expression of human visceral leishmaniasis, a disease-exacerbating T helper cell 2 (Th2)-associated immune response involving interleukin-4 (IL-4) and/ or IL-10 is not readily detectable in experimental visceral infection. To overcome this obstacle to analyzing visceral Leishmania donovani in this relevant immunopathogenetic environment, we sought a model in which a Th2 response induces noncuring infection. Four initial approaches were tested primarily in BALB/c mice which control intracellular L. donovani via an IL-12- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-dependent Th1 mechanism: (a) modifying the cytokine milieu when the parasite is first encountered (treatment with exogenous IL-4 or anti-IL-12), (b) providing sustained endogenous exposure to a Th2 cytokine (infection of IL-4 transgenic mice), (c) increasing the parasite challenge inoculum, and (d) injecting heat-killed L. major promastigotes (HKLMP) to induce a cross-reactive Th2 response to live L. donovani. Only the last approach generated a functional Th2-type response that induced disease exacerbation accompanied by inhibition of tissue granuloma assembly. In HKLMP-primed BALB/c mice, prophylaxis with anti-IL-4, anti-IL-10, or exogenous IL-12 (but not IFN-gamma) readily restored resistance. In primed mice with established visceral infection, treatment with either IL-12 or IFN-gamma also successfully induced antileishmanial activity. The results in this model (a) suggest that rather than acting alone, IL-4 and IL-10 may act in concert to prevent acquisition of resistance to L. donovani, (b) reemphasize the capacity of IL-12 to reverse early Th2-related effects, and (c) demonstrate that Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IFN-gamma) have therapeutic action in an established systemic infection despite the presence of a disease-exacerbating Th2-type response.
Omeprazole-induced dermatomyositis
Authors: Y. Pan, A.H. Chong, R.A. Williams, J. Green, R. Sinclair
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Omeprazole‐induced dermatomyositis Get access Y. Pan, Y. Pan Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia E‐mail: yanpan_98@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.H. Chong, A.H. Chong Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia E‐mail: yanpan_98@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. Williams, R.A. Williams Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia E‐mail: yanpan_98@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Green, J. Green Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia E‐mail: yanpan_98@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Sinclair R. Sinclair Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia E‐mail: yanpan_98@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 3, 1 March 2006, Pages 557–558, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07076.x Published: 01 March 2006
Increased Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Negative Emotion Regulation as a Predictor of Depression Symptom Severity Trajectory Over 6 Months
Authors: Aaron S. Heller, Tom Johnstone, Michael J. Peterson, Gregory G. Kolden, Ned H. Kalin, Richard J. Davidson
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Emotion regulation is critically disrupted in depression, and the use of paradigms that tap into these processes may uncover essential changes in neurobiology during treatment. In addition, because neuroimaging outcome studies of depression commonly use only baseline and end-point data—which are more prone to week-to-week noise in symptomatology—we sought to use all data points over the course of a 6-month trial. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine changes in neurobiology resulting from successful treatment. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Double-blind trial examining changes in the neural circuits involved in emotion regulation resulting from 1 of 2 antidepressant treatments during a 6-month trial. Twenty-one patients with major depressive disorder and without other Axis I or Axis II diagnoses were scanned before treatment and 2 and 6 months into treatment at the university's functional magnetic resonance imaging facility. <h3>Interventions</h3> Venlafaxine hydrochloride extended release (with doses of up to 300 mg) or fluoxetine hydrochloride (with doses of up to 80 mg). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Neural activity, as measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of an emotion regulation paradigm, as well as regular assessments of symptom severity using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. For use of all data points, slope trajectories were calculated for rate of change in depression severity and for rate of change in neural engagement. <h3>Results</h3> The depressed individuals who showed the steepest decrease in depression severity over the 6-month period were the same individuals who showed the most rapid increases in activity in Brodmann area 10 and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity when regulating negative affect over the same time frame. This relationship was more robust when using only the baseline and end-point data. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Changes in prefrontal cortex engagement when regulating negative affect correlate with changes in depression severity over 6 months. These results are buttressed by calculating these statistics, which are more reliable and robust to week-to-week variation than are difference scores.
HURLER'S SYNDROME
Authors: B. Shannon Danes, Alexander G. Bearn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Skin fibroblasts from eight families with Hurler's syndrome (X-linked recessive and autosomal recessive) and normal individuals have been studied in cell culture. A good correlation between cellular metachromasia and the quantitative estimation of intracellular mucopolysaccharides was observed provided the culture conditions were standardized. In both forms of Hurler's syndrome intracellular mucopolysaccharide content could be used to distinguish the affected individual and the carrier from the normal subject, although the total mucopolysaccharide content of fibroblast cultures or the amount in the culture medium did not permit such a distinction. Retinol, in concentrations similar to those encountered in man in hyper-vitaminosis A, caused a reduction in total mucopolysaccharide content of fibroblast cultures from normal and affected individuals. Cultures from three patients with the X-linked recessive form of Hurler's syndrome showed a gradual but marked decrease in cellular metachromasia and approximately 60% decrease in mucopolysaccharide content. Synthesis of polysaccharides and sulfation appeared to be equally affected. On removal of retinol from the medium the content of intracellular mucopolysaccharides returned to pretreatment levels. The possible relevance of these findings to the treatment of Hurler's syndrome is discussed.
Organ donation rates in Spain for British residents are higher than in UK
Authors: M. de Lago
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Spain’s transplantation service seems to have more success than the UK’s own services at getting British people to donate the organs of a dead relative.

The Spanish National Transplant Organisation’s data for 2005-7 show that in 51 (91%) of 56 cases where a British person died in Spain and became a potential organ donor the relatives agreed to donation, whereas data for the UK show that relatives agree to donate in only six in 10 cases. In the first years of the decade the proportion consenting to organ donation after a death in Spain was similar (92%).

In 2008-10 the number rose to 64, although the proportion of relatives who refused is not available for this period. The director of the Spanish National Transplant …
A CASE ILLUSTRATING THE VALUE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PULMONARY CAVITIES
Authors: J. D. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1911)

PULMONARY CAVITIES.LITJOxBuma 867 the difficulty in these chronic cases is frequently largely due to the presence of much scar tissue.This apparently is particularly abundant in streptococcal infections.By its contraction the fibrotic tissue interferes with the local blood and lymph supply, with the result that the contained antibodies, however abundant they may be, cannot come into contact with the infecting bacteria.The local treatment of these chronic sinuses consisted, as a rule, in the use of gauze drains soaked in hypertonic citrated salt solution, as recommended by Sir Almroth Wright.The value of vaccines in cases of chronic suppuration is too well known to need much comment, and the results of treatment in these oases may be briefly summarized thus: TakiDg an average, the time that suppuration had been going on in these 13 cases was fourbeen weeks eaob, and they were discharged cured in an average time of five and a half weeks each from the commencement of vaccine treatment.In one case there had been recarrent abscesses for fourteen months, and the breast was a mass of fibrotic tissue-a pure culture of streptococcus was present in this case, and cure was only complete after six months' treatment.In another case sinuses had been present for eight months, and the patient was discharged cured in five and a half weeke.In two other cases of six months' duration cure was complete, in one case in two and a half weeks and in the other in five weekE.These numbers are exclusive of one case, in which treatment was discontinued.No improvement whatever was effected by several months' use of autogenous vaccines.This was a case of streptococeal infection, and the breast was riddled with sinuses.Drastic surgical measures were finally resorted to and a cure is now (November, 1910) almost complete.