tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Prevalence Among Youth—Reply
Authors: Dana Dabelea, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Dilation in Rabbit Renal Arteries by Oxidized Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Jan Galle, Jens Bengen, Peter Schollmeyer, Christoph Wanner
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with impairment of nitric oxide (NO)–mediated, endothelium-dependent dilation in renal arteries. In the present study, we assessed and compared the effects of human lipoprotein(a) and LDL on endothelium-dependent and -independent dilation in vitro. Methods and Results Dilator responses were detected in isolated, saline-perfused, preconstricted arterial segments by a photoelectric device. Acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent dilator responses of rabbit renal arteries were not significantly attenuated after 150 minutes of incubation with native lipoprotein(a) (30 and 100 μg/mL). However, exposure to in vitro oxidized lipoprotein(a) (150 minutes, 30 and 100 μg/mL) suppressed acetylcholine-induced dilator responses in a dose-dependent manner. At similar concentrations, native and oxidized LDL had no effect. Endothelium-independent dilations induced by the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside were also impaired by oxidized lipoprotein(a), whereas forskolin-induced dilator responses were unaffected, indicating that smooth muscle dilator capacity was not impaired. Attenuation of dilator responses by oxidized lipoprotein(a) was potentiated in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The SOD effect was completely blunted by coincubation with catalase (100 U/mL) or deferoxamine. In the absence of SOD, catalase or deferoxamine had no effect on dilator responses. Using a chemiluminescence assay, we could detect increased O 2 − production by arteries pretreated with oxidized lipoprotein(a), which suggested that enhanced NO inactivation by O 2 − could be the underlying mechanism for impairment of endothelium-dependent dilations. Conclusions These data indicate that oxidized lipoprotein(a) impairs endothelium-dependent dilation and is more potent than oxidized LDL in this effect. The mechanism of the impairment may involve formation of O 2 − and inactivation of NO.
Renal handling of calcium in hypoparathyroidism.
Authors: G H Newman, M Wade, D J Hosking
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Treatment of hypoparathyroidism usually requires the use of pharmacological doses of parent vitamin D or near physiological amounts of the hydroxylated metabolites, calcitriol or alphacalcidol. Vitamin D intoxication and hypercalcaemia may be a problem but can be minimised by the use of small doses of vitamin D or its metabolites combined with large amounts of oral calcium. The response to treatment can be easily monitored by measuring serum and urinary calcium and creatinine concentrations. This allows the derivation of two simple indices reflecting calcium load presented to the kidney (calcium excretion in mmol/l glomerular filtrate) and renal tubular calcium reabsorption (TmCa/GFR). These can be used to predict the requirement of calcium supplements and also identify those patients at particular risk of hypercalcaemia.
Electrophysiological Properties of Canine Purkinje Cells in One-Day-Old Myocardial Infarction
Authors: RALPH LAZZARA, NABIL EL-SHERIF, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

Electrophysiological mechanisms which underlie the ectopic ventricular beats occurring 1 day after occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery of dogs were explored. In intact dogs, bipolar electrograms were recorded in the infarcted and normal zones. Both Purkinje and ordinary myocardial potentials were recorded from the endocardial surface of the normal zone, but only Purkinje potentials were recorded from the infarcted zone. The Purkinje potentials in the infarcted zone were diminished in amplitude and rapidity. The threshold for endocardial pacing was higher in the infarcted zone than it was in the normal zone. The refractory periods of Purkinje cells were longer in the infarcted zone than they were in the normal zone. Excised specimens of endocardial surface containing the infarcted zone were superfused with Tyrode's solution. No ordinary myocardial cells were electrically active at the endocardial surface of the infarcted zone. Purkinje cells showed diminished resting and action potentials, reduced upstroke velocity, enhanced automaticity and phase 4 depolarization, and long action potentials with prolonged phase 3. Excitability was depressed within the infarcted zone. During superfusion, even with Tyrode's solution poor in oxygen and free of dextrose, Purkinje cells recovered toward normal with respect to amplitude of resting and action potentials, upstroke velocity, automaticity, and excitability. The prolonged action potentials persisted. Repetitive firing was easily elicited within the infarcted zone. Various types of pacemaker activity were detected within the infarcted zone. Thus Purkinje cells in the infarcted zone showed distinctive alterations in electrophysiological properties which were probably related to deleterious factors that accumulated in that zone. It is likely that the arrhythmia which occurred in the intact dogs at this time originated within the altered Purkinje cells of the infarcted zone.
Anti-HBs re-seroconversion after liver transplantation in a patient with past HBV infection receiving a HBsAg positive graft
Authors: Elisabetta Loggi, Florian Bihl, John V. Chisholm, Maurizio Biselli, Andrea Bontadini, Giovanni Vitale, Giorgio Ercolani, Gian Luca Grazi, Antonio D. Pinna, Mauro Bernardi, Christian Brander, Pietro Andreone
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Apoptosis mediated by Fas but not tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 prevents chronic disease in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus.
Authors: M Fleck, E R Kern, T Zhou, J Podlech, W Wintersberger, C K Edwards, J D Mountz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The role of Fas- and TNF-receptor 1 (TNF-R1)-mediated apoptosis in the clearance of virally infected cells and in the regulation of the immune response was analyzed after murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of C57BL/6 (B6)-+/+ mice, Fas-mutant B6-lpr/lpr mice, TNF-R1 knockout B6-tnfr0/0 mice, and double-deficient B6-tnfr0/0 lpr/lpr mice. There was approximately equivalent clearance of MCMV in B6-+/+, B6-tnfr0/0, and B6-lpr/lpr mice, and by day 28 no infectious virus could be detected in the liver, kidney, lung, or peritoneal exudate. However, delayed virus clearance was observed in B6-tnfr0/0 lpr/lpr mice. An acute inflammatory response occurred in the liver, lung, and kidney of all mice, which was most severe 7 d after MCMV infection, but resolved by day 28 in B6-+/+ and B6-tnfr0/0 mice, but not in B6-lpr/lpr or B6-tnfr0/0 lpr/lpr mice. These results indicate that apoptosis mediated by either Fas or TNF-R1 is sufficient for rapid clearance of the virus. However, apoptosis induced by Fas, but not TNF-R1, is required for the downmodulation of the immune response to the virus and prevention of a chronic inflammatory reaction.
Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
Authors: R.J. PYE, R.D.G. PEACHEY, J.L. BURTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

We report six patients with a previously undescribed but characteristic pustular dermatosis confined to the scalp. All the patients were elderly women who developed chronic, extensive, pustular, crusted and occasionally eroded lesions of the scalp which produced scarring alopecia. Investigations were essentially negative and skin biopsies showed only non‐specific changes of atrophy and chronic inflammation, sometimes with increased plasma cells in the infiltrate. The condition did not respond to antibioties, but was suppressed by potent topical steroids.
Access to medical records.
Authors: M. Connolly, R. Athawes, A. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1992)

tantalisingly useful literature not readily available in any British library, from such titles as the Indiaii ]ooroal of Oplhthalniology or J7ounmal of tze Teoenessee Medical Associatioo.Photocopying?Marvellous invention!Never has so much been copied by so many but, I suggest, used by so few.Beware the siege mentality that requires a copy when, previously, reading, digest- ing, and a few notes would have sufficed.Copyright?Hideous piece of legislation, but, sadly, ours was the lone voice against it as it went through parliament and we are left with the unenviable task of making its impracticalities work.As for licences, Drife is presumably referring to higher education: negotiations between the
Current Views on the Etiology of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: John E. Craighead
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus has long been an enigma. Because of its familial pattern of transmission and the subtle chronicity of the disease, diabetes has been considered a degenerative process having a genetic basis. Since degeneration means little from the perspective of etiology, and because numerous attempts at genetic analysis have failed to define a pattern of inheritance, much of what is known about the disease is descriptive.During the past decade, concepts of diabetes mellitus have been in a state of evolution as new biologic characteristics of the disease have come to light. Most workers in the field . . .
Disturbed Gyrification of the Prefrontal Region in Male Schizophrenic Patients: A Morphometric Postmortem Study
Authors: Kai Vogeley, Thomas Schneider-Axmann, Ute Pfeiffer, Ralf Tepest, Thomas A. Bayer, Bernard Bogerts, William G. Honer, Peter Falkai
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to test the hypothesis that abnormalities of gyrification are present in the prefrontal region of postmortem brains from schizophrenic patients. METHOD: The authors compared the prefrontal regions in brains from 24 schizophrenic patients and 24 normal comparison subjects. The gyrification index, the ratio of inner and outer surface contours, was measured bilaterally in three different slices from each brain. Area measurements of gray and white matter were studied separately by planimetric analysis in the same sections. In addition, a gray-to-white-matter ratio and an asymmetry coefficient were computed. RESULTS: The mean gyrification index on the right side was significantly higher in the male schizophrenic patients than in the comparison men. The gyrification index of the female patients was not significantly different from that of the female comparison subjects. Analysis of area measurements revealed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: As gyrification is an ontogenetic stable feature unaffected by atrophic processes during aging, the gyrification abnormalities of the prefrontal region provide further evidence of the importance of a neurodevelopmental mechanism in the etiology of schizophrenia, at least in males.
Thrombopoietin cooperates with FLT3-ligand in the generation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors from human hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Wei Chen, Svetlana Antonenko, Joel M. Sederstrom, Xueqing Liang, Anissa S. H. Chan, Holger Kanzler, Bianca Blom, Bruce R. Blazar, Yong-Jun Liu
Journal: Blood (2003)
SPOTTED FEVER
Authors: Henry Pinkerton, George M. Hass
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Comparative studies were made of the microorganisms present in D. variabilis ticks, some of which served as a control series while the remainder were exposed to infection with D. rickettsi and thereafter maintained under various conditions. All female ticks contained in their ovaries a coccoid intracellular microorganism. About 50 per cent of all ticks after refeeding contained rickettsia-like microorganisms in variable numbers in nearly all organs. The groups of ticks exposed to infection with the virus of spotted fever, in addition to the above mentioned microorganisms, usually harbored large numbers of D. rickettsi, distinguishable with certainty from the non-pathogenic organisms only by their localization in nuclei of tick cells. No influence upon the size, number, or distribution of either the non-pathogenic rickettsiae or D. rickettsi in ticks was attributable to refeeding, variations of the temperature of incubation, or variations of the length of the period of incubation. We conclude from the results of these studies that the non-pathogenic rickettsiae which occur in D. variabilis ticks have no well defined relationship to D. rickettsi since they differ from the latter organism not only in the absence of virulence and immunizing properties, but also in their distribution in tick tissues and inability to multiply in the nuclei of cells.
Idiopathic Hypogeusia With Dysgeusia, Hyposmia, and Dysosmia
Authors: Robert I. Henkin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Thirty-five patients with decreased taste acuity (hypogeusia) and decreased olfactory acuity (hyposmia) with or without perverted taste (dysgeusia) and perverted smell (dysosmia) had elevated median detection and recognition thresholds for the taste of salt, sweet, sour, and bitter, and abnormal forced scaling of taste qualities. Electron micrographs of taste receptors showed pathological changes in the taste buds of these patients. No apparent cause could be found for this disturbing and unpleasant symptom complex. These abnormalities appear to comprise a new syndrome which we have termed idiopathic hypogeusia with dysgeusia, hyposmia, and dysosmia.
Glucose Concentration at Possible Sensor Tissue Implant Sites
Authors: S K Wolfson, J F Tokarsky, S J Yao, M A Krupper
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

It is generally acknowledged that the ideal automatic insulin infusion system would be a closed loop that metered insulin delivery in response to a feedback sensor such as an implantable glucose detector. Most current efforts are aimed at a transducer located within the blood vascular tree. We believe that the blood constitutes an especially hostile environment for such a device. The possibility of placing the sensor with a reasonably rapid response to dynamic alterations in glucose metabolism in a space containing fluid outside the bloodstream was studied. The subcutaneous extracellular space, peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium were included. Generally, the concentration of glucose ranged between 50 and 115 mg/dl under steady-state conditions. The experimental design did not permit monitoring rapid responses to artificially induced dynamic changes. There were several situations where lower values were recorded, suggesting that a wide range of concentrations might occur. The authors have concluded that these experimental results are compatible with the possibility of a suitable locus for the glucose sensor in the extracellular, extravascular space.
On invariant-sensitive graspers and cue-sensitive perceivers
Authors: Frederick A. A. Kingdom
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

I argue that Norman's thesis works in sofaras one is prepared to be lax about the alleged congruency between “ecological” and “dorsal,” and unconcerned by the results of recent studies showing that grasping movements are subject to the same geometric distortion illusions as perceptual judgements.
Marijuana: CNS Depressant or Excitant?
Authors: SHIRLEY Y. HILL, DONALD W. GOODWIN, ROBERT SCHWIN, BARBARA POWELL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

This paper describes the effects of marijuana smoking on sensitivity to pain, touch, and visual stimuli in regular users of the drug. Using accepted measures of these sensory processes, the authors found an absence of analgesia and an increased sensitivity to the stimuli they employed. This suggests that marijuana may have stimulant effects on the central nervous system.
Demonstration of a Lymphocele by Interstitial Immunolymphoscintigraphy
Authors: DIRK SANDROCK, DIETER L. MUNZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

In a 55-year-old woman with carcinoma of the left breast, lymphoscintigraphy was performed 24 hours after simultaneous interstitial injection of 148 MBq Tc-99m sulfur colloid and 44 MBq ln-111 labeled F(ab')2 fragments of the monoclonal anti-CEA antibody BW 431/31, respectively. Although colloid scintigraphy demonstrated uptake in the right and left axilla and in several supradiaphragmatic sites, immunolymphoscintigraphy revealed only moderate uptake on the right side and in the thoracic region but markedly increased activity in the left axilla. Final diagnosis (cytology) of this spot was lymphocele (without evidence of malignancy), and treatment was done by fine-needle aspiration without complication. The authors explain the high antibody fragment accumulation in the lymphocele by shedding and lymphogenic transport of the CEA antigen, nonspecific exudation of the antibody fragment, and/or lymphatic leakage. Thus, the diagnosis of lymphocele should be taken into consideration if there are false-positive results in immunolymphoscintigraphy.
Disorders of the Female Urethra and Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Anthony J. Schaeffer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This monograph is derived from a 1976 symposium on disorders of the urethrovesical junction. The 14 chapters cover a wide range of topics, but unfortunately there is considerable overlap. The reader is reminded with annoying frequency of the importance of an adequate history and physical examination, the appropriate questions that should be asked, the values of various diagnostic procedures, and the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of surgical techniques. When an attempt is made to summarize, as in the three-page chapter on "the results in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence," the majority of the procedures advocated in the monograph are not even mentioned. A Table lists the results achieved by one surgeon, without mentioning the type of operation he performed. It is no wonder that the author concludes that "the surgical correction of stress urinary incontinence remains complex and distressing." The illustrations and photographic reproductions vary considerably in
UN fears disease outbreak as result of Darfur camp blockade
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Molecular methods were used to monitor the changes in the yeast population and the capability of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> used as a starter culture to dominate a continuous wine fermentation. Plating analysis was performed to isolate yeasts present in the must, and molecular analysis was used to characterize the strains. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 18S rRNA gene and ITS1 region and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) were exploited. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the 59 end 26S rRNA gene obtained from DNA extracted directly from must was used to profile the yeast population, avoiding the potential biases of traditional methods. The predominance of <i>S.cerevisiae</i> population throughout fermentation was observed. Identical patterns were obtained from all the <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains isolated using mtDNA-REA analysis, demonstrating the capability of the starter culture to perform the continuous fermentation.
Is the cold chain for vaccines maintained in general practice?
Authors: E A Haworth, R Booy, L Stirzaker, S Wilkes, A Battersby
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the cold chain for vaccines and compliance with the local code of practice for storage. DESIGN--In a random sample of general practices orders for live vaccines (oral polio and measles, mumps, and rubella) were accompanied by a cold chain monitor which was activated on leaving the supplying pharmacy. The monitors were read at specified intervals and when all vaccines in the order had been used. Structured interview was used to check compliance with the local code of practice on storage. SETTING--West Berkshire and Aylesbury Vale district health authorities. SUBJECTS--16 (25%) general practices in West Berkshire, and 13 (50%) in Aylesbury Vale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Compliance with code of practice. Changes in the cold chain monitor. RESULTS--For six key requirements within the code of practice compliance varied from 70% to 0%. Only 16 of 29 practices had a named person responsible for vaccine storage and only four were aware of the local code of practice. Vaccine was stored for longer and more breaks in the cold chain occurred in West Berkshire than in Aylesbury Vale. The potency of some vaccines in 10 of 26 orders became suspect before use. CONCLUSIONS--Knowledge of appropriate management of the cold chain in two districts was poor. Breaks in the chain were more frequent and compromised potency more likely when vaccine had been stored for more than eight weeks. Problems in maintaining the cold chain indicate the need for continuing audit, which should become a prerequisite for payments to general practitioners for immunisation.
Nine-Year Incidence and Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Defined Japanese PopulationThe Hisayama Study
Authors: Miho Yasuda, Yutaka Kiyohara, Yasuaki Hata, Satoshi Arakawa, Koji Yonemoto, Yasufumi Doi, Mitsuo Iida, Tatsuro Ishibashi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)