tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Two different molecular organizations account for the single alpha-globin gene of the alpha-thalassemia-2 genotype.
Authors: S H Embury, J A Miller, A M Dozy, Y W Kan, V Chan, D Todd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The alpha-thalassemia-2 (alpha-thal-2) genotype or mild alpha-thalassemia gene consists of a single structural alpha-globin gene on the chromosome that normally bears two alpha-globin genes. We used blot hybridization to investigate variation in the molecular organization of this genotype and to determine the distributions of these variations in the world population. Two different patterns of gene organization responsible for the alpha-thal-2 genotype were found: the first was the result of a 4.2-kilobase pair deletion involving the normal 5' alpha-globin gene (leftward deletion alpha-thal-2 genotype), and the second probably the result of a crossover deletion of a DNA fragment bridging the two normal alpha-globin genes (rightward deletion alpha-thal-2- genotype). The rightward deletion was found in all 9 Black subjects, all 8 Mediterranean subjects, and 4 of 13 Chinese subjects. The leftward deletion was found in four and the nondeletion alpha-thalassemia lesion was found in five of the nine remaining Chinese subjects. It is likely that these deletions are related to specific DNA sequences that determine DNA recombinational events.
Primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction at hospitals with no surgery on-site: the prospective multicenter PAMI-No SOS registry
Authors: T.P. Wharton, J.D. Johnston, M.A. Turco, J. Souther, D.C. Lew, W. Billnoski, S.K. Singhi, M. Graham, L. Grines, W.D. Weaver, C.L. Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Serum surfactant proteins‐A and ‐D as biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: K.E. Greene, T.E. King, Y. Kuroki, B. Bucher-Bartelson, G.W. Hunninghake, L.S. Newman, H. Nagae, R.J. Mason
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a high mortality rate, and current therapies are only marginally effective. A serum biomarker that predicts clinical outcome would be useful to stage disease, indicate prognosis and the need for aggressive therapy, and help stratify patients for clinical trials. The goals of this study were to determine whether serum levels of surfactant protein-A (SP-A) or surfactant protein-D (SP-D) would distinguish between IPF and other types of interstitial lung disease and whether serum SP-A or SP-D levels predict outcome in patients with IPF. The authors found that serum SP-A and SP-D levels were significantly elevated in patients with IPF and systemic sclerosis compared to sarcoidosis, beryllium disease and normal controls, and that SP-D correlated with radiographic abnormalities in patients with IPF. In addition, the authors found that both serum SP-A and SP-D levels were highly predictive of survival in patients with IPF. This is the largest North American data set of surfactant protein measurements in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the first report using multivariate analysis comparing serum surfactant proteins-A and -D to other commonly measured predictors of survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Based on these results, the authors propose that serum surfactant proteins may prove to be useful biomarkers in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Western-Style Fast Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Risk in an Eastern Country
Authors: Andrew O. Odegaard, Woon Puay Koh, Jian-Min Yuan, Myron D. Gross, Mark A. Pereira
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Western-style fast food contributes to a dietary pattern portending poor cardiometabolic health in the United States. With globalization, this way of eating is becoming more common in developing and recently developed populations. Methods and Results— We examined the association of Western-style fast food intake with risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease mortality in Chinese Singaporeans. This analysis included men and women 45 to 74 years of age who enrolled in the Singapore Chinese Health Study from 1993 to 1998. For CHD mortality, 52 584 participants were included and 1397 deaths were identified through December 31, 2009, via registry linkage. For type 2 diabetes mellitus, 43 176 participants were included and 2252 cases were identified during the follow-up interview (1999–2004) and validated. Hazard ratios for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease mortality were estimated with thorough adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Chinese Singaporeans with relatively frequent intake of Western-style fast food items (≥2 times per week) had an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.54) and dying of coronary heart disease (hazard ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–2.06) relative to their peers with little or no reported intake. These associations were not materially altered by adjustments for overall dietary pattern, energy intake, and body mass index. Conclusions— Western-style fast food intake is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and of coronary heart disease mortality in an Eastern population. These findings suggest the need for further attention to global dietary acculturation in the context of ongoing epidemiological and nutrition transitions.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Stanley J. Miller, Murad Alam, James Andersen, Daniel Berg, Christopher K. Bichakjian, Glen Bowen, Richard T. Cheney, L. Frank Glass, Roy C. Grekin, Dennis E. Hallahan, Anne Kessinger, Nancy Y. Lee, Nanette Liegeois, Daniel D. Lydiatt, Jeff Michalski, William H. Morrison, Kishwer S. Nehal, Kelly C. Nelson, Paul Nghiem, Thomas Olencki, Allan R. Oseroff, Clifford S. Perlis, E. William Rosenberg, Ashok R. Shaha, Marshall M. Urist, Linda C. Wang
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)

][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Several large reviews document the development of local recurrence in 25% to 30% of all cases of MCC, regional disease in 52% to 59%, and distant metastatic disease in 34% to 36%. 1,16,17CC has a mortality rate that exceeds that of melanoma; 18 overall 5-year survival rates range from 30% to 64%. 3,19A history of extensive sun exposure is a
Barefoot running: an evaluation of current hypothesis, future research and clinical applications
Authors: Nicholas Tam, Janie L Astephen Wilson, Timothy D Noakes, Ross Tucker
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Barefoot running has become a popular research topic, driven by the increasing prescription of barefoot running as a means of reducing injury risk. Proponents of barefoot running cite evolutionary theories that long-distance running ability was crucial for human survival, and proof of the benefits of natural running. Subsequently, runners have been advised to run barefoot as a treatment mode for injuries, strength and conditioning. The body of literature examining the mechanical, structural, clinical and performance implications of barefoot running is still in its infancy. Recent research has found significant differences associated with barefoot running relative to shod running, and these differences have been associated with factors that are thought to contribute to injury and performance. Crucially, long-term prospective studies have yet to be conducted and the link between barefoot running and injury or performance remains tenuous and speculative. The injury prevention potential of barefoot running is further complicated by the complexity of injury aetiology, with no single factor having been identified as causative for the most common running injuries. The aim of the present review was to critically evaluate the theory and evidence for barefoot running, drawing on both collected evidence as well as literature that have been used to argue in favour of barefoot running. We describe the factors driving the prescription of barefoot running, examine which of these factors may have merit, what the collected evidence suggests about the suitability of barefoot running for its purported uses and describe the necessary future research to confirm or refute the barefoot running hypotheses.
Synovectomy of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Range of movement and guadriceps lag after surgery.
Authors: A V Camp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To redefine phenotypical characteristics for both chloride (ClCh) and sodium channelopathies (NaCh) in non-dystrophic myotonic syndromes (NDM). <h3>Methods:</h3> In a cross-sectional, nationwide study, standardised interviews and clinical bedside tests were performed in 62 genetically confirmed NDM patients, 32 ClCh and 30 NaCh. <h3>Results:</h3> Standardised interviews revealed that ClCh reported a higher frequency of muscle weakness (75 vs 36.7%; p&lt;0.01), the warm-up phenomenon (100 vs 46.7%; p&lt;0.001), and difficulties in standing up quickly (90.6 vs 50.0%; p&lt;0.001), running (90.6% vs 66.7; p&lt;0.05) and climbing stairs (90.6 vs 63.3%; p = 0.01). Patients with NaCh reported an earlier onset (4.4 vs 9.6 years; p&lt;0.001), and higher frequencies of paradoxical (50.0 vs 0%; p&lt;0.001) and painful myotonia (56.7 vs 28.1%; p&lt;0.05). Standardised clinical bedside tests showed a higher incidence and longer relaxation times of myotonia in the leg muscles for ClCh (100 vs 60%; mean duration of chair tests 12.5 vs 6.3 s; p&lt;0.001), and in eyelid muscles for NaCh (96.7 vs 46.9%; mean relaxation time of 19.2 vs 4.3 s; p&lt;0.001). Transient paresis was only observed in ClCh (62.5%) and paradoxical myotonia only in NaCh (30.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses allowed clinical guidelines to be proposed for genetic testing. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> This study redefined the phenotypical characteristics of NDM in both ClCh and NaCh. The clinical guidelines proposed may help clinicians working in outpatient clinics to perform a focused genetic analysis of either <i>CLCN1</i> or <i>SCN4A</i>.
Application of Heated-Film Velocity and Shear Probes to Hemodynamic Studies
Authors: SUNG C. LING, H. BULENT ATABEK, DONALD L. FRY, DALI J. PATEL, JOSEPH S. JANICKI
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

A constant-temperature heated-film anemometer system has been adapted for the detailed study of in-vivo aortic velocity fields. Two types of sensing probes were developed: a velocity probe and a velocity-gradient or fluid shear stress probe. These probes were evaluated for steady and pulsatile flow in rigid circular tubes using both a glycerin-water mixture and blood. Measurements using both devices agreed closely with the values predicted by well established theory. Moreover, the integrated velocity profiles that were measured correlated well with the simultaneously recorded flow values using orifice meter and electromagnetic flowmeter techniques. In-vivo studies were made along the thoracic aortas of anesthetized dogs and pigs. Velocity measurements along the aorta indicated that the velocity profiles are blunt. The flow-pulse forms obtained by the heated-film technique in vivo were also similar in magnitude and contour to those obtained simultaneously from an electromagnetic flowmeter. Fully developed turbulent flow was not observed; however, occasional "eddy" turbulence occurred in the aortic arch of dogs weighing less than 30 kg. Preliminary measurements indicate that peak wall-shear stresses reach values that are approximately one-third that of the endothelial yield stress.
THE CIRCULATION OF ASCITIC FLUID
Authors: Frank W. McKee, William G. Wilt, Robert E. Hyatt, George H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

After plasma containing labeled plasma protein has been given intraperitoneally to dogs with experimental ascites a steady and rather rapid movement takes place of the labeled protein into the circulating blood. When plasma containing labeled plasma protein has been injected intravenously into the ascitic dog the labeled protein steadily disappears from the circulating blood and appears promptly and steadily in the ascitic fluid. The period of complete exchange or turnover in either instance is measured in days (2 to 7), but many factors enter in and make for variation. Lysine labeled with radio carbon is incorporated into the plasma proteins by feeding the donor dog. These experiments emphasize the ready exchange of proteins in the plasma with those in the ascitic pool and vice versa. This exchange may be termed circulation of ascitic protein.
Race/Ethnicity and Geographic Access to Medicaid Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities in the United States
Authors: Janet R. Cummings, Hefei Wen, Michelle Ko, Benjamin G. Druss
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Although substance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent and associated with adverse consequences, treatment rates remain low. Unlike physical and mental health problems, treatment for SUDs is predominantly provided in a separate specialty sector and more heavily financed by public sources. Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has the potential to increase access to treatment for SUDs but only if an infrastructure exists to serve new enrollees.To examine the availability of outpatient SUD treatment facilities that accept Medicaid across US counties and whether counties with a higher percentage of racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to have gaps in this infrastructure.We used data from the 2009 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services public use file and the 2011-2012 Area Resource file to examine sociodemographic factors associated with county-level access to SUD treatment facilities that serve Medicaid enrollees. Counties in all 50 states were included. We estimated a probit model with state indicators to adjust for state-level heterogeneity in demographics, politics, and policies. Independent variables assessed county racial/ethnic composition (ie, percentage black and percentage Hispanic), percentage living in poverty, percentage living in a rural area, percentage insured with Medicaid, percentage uninsured, and total population.Dichotomous indicator for counties with at least 1 outpatient SUD treatment facility that accepts Medicaid.Approximately 60% of US counties have at least 1 outpatient SUD facility that accepts Medicaid, although this rate is lower in many Southern and Midwestern states than in other areas of the country. Counties with a higher percentage of black (marginal effect [ME], -3.1; 95% CI, -5.2% to -0.9%), rural (-9.2%; -11.1% to -7.4%), and/or uninsured (-9.5%; -13.0% to -5.9%) residents are less likely to have one of these facilities.The potential for increasing access to SUD treatment via Medicaid expansion may be tempered by the local availability of facilities to provide care, particularly for counties with a high percentage of black and/or uninsured residents and for rural counties. Although states that opt in to the expansion will secure additional federal funds for the SUD treatment system, additional policies may need to be implemented to ensure that adequate geographic access exists across local communities to serve new enrollees.
Direct Evidence that Bevacizumab, an Anti-VEGF Antibody, Up-regulates SDF1α, CXCR4, CXCL6, and Neuropilin 1 in Tumors from Patients with Rectal Cancer
Authors: Lei Xu, Dan G. Duda, Emmanuelle di Tomaso, Marek Ancukiewicz, Daniel C. Chung, Gregory Y. Lauwers, Rekha Samuel, Paul Shellito, Brian G. Czito, Pei-Chun Lin, Martin Poleski, Rex Bentley, Jeffrey W. Clark, Christopher G. Willett, Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Clinical studies converge on the observation that circulating cytokines are elevated in most cancer patients by anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. However, the source of these molecules and their relevance in tumor escape remain unknown. We examined the gene expression profiles of cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages in tumor biopsies before and 12 days after monotherapy with the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab in patients with rectal carcinoma. Bevacizumab up-regulated stromal cell–derived factor 1α (SDF1α), its receptor CXCR4, and CXCL6, and down-regulated PlGF, Ang1, and Ang2 in cancer cells. In addition, bevacizumab decreased Ang1 and induced neuropilin 1 (NRP1) expression in tumor-associated macrophages. Higher SDF1α plasma levels during bevacizumab treatment significantly associated with distant metastasis at three years. These data show that VEGF blockade up-regulates inflammatory pathways and NRP1, which should be evaluated as potential targets for improving anti-VEGF therapy. [Cancer Res 2009;69(20):7905–10]
Selective Modulation of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Anticancer Drugs by Selenium Containing Compounds against Human Tumor Xenografts
Authors: Shousong Cao, Farukh A. Durrani, Youcef M. Rustum
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Studies were carried out in athymic nude mice bearing human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (FaDu and A253) and colon carcinoma (HCT-8 and HT-29) xenografts to evaluate the potential role of selenium-containing compounds as selective modulators of the toxicity and antitumor activity of selected anticancer drugs with particular emphasis on irinotecan, a topoisomerase I poison. Experimental Design: Antitumor activity and toxicity were evaluated using nontoxic doses (0.2 mg/mouse/day) and schedule (14–28 days) of the selenium-containing compounds, 5-methylselenocysteine and seleno-l-methionine, administered orally to nude mice daily for 7 days before i.v. administration of anticancer drugs, with continued selenium treatment for 7–21 days, depending on anticancer drugs under evaluation. Several doses of anticancer drugs were used, including the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxic doses. Although many chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated for toxicity protection by selenium, data on antitumor activity were primarily obtained using the MTD, 2 × MTD, and 3 × MTD of weekly ×4 schedule of irinotecan. Results: Selenium was highly protective against toxicity induced by a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. Furthermore, selenium increased significantly the cure rate of xenografts bearing human tumors that are sensitive (HCT-8 and FaDu) and resistant (HT-29 and A253) to irinotecan. The high cure rate (100%) was achieved in nude mice bearing HCT-8 and FaDu xenografts treated with the MTD of irinotecan (100 mg/kg/week × 4) when combined with selenium. Administration of higher doses of irinotecan (200 and 300 mg/kg/week × 4) was required to achieve high cure rate for HT-29 and A253 xenografts. Administration of these higher doses was possible due to selective protection of normal tissues by selenium. Thus, the use of selenium as selective modulator of the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs is new and novel. Conclusions: We demonstrated that selenium is a highly effective modulator of the therapeutic efficacy and selectivity of anticancer drugs in nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts of colon carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The observed in vivo synergic interaction is highly dependent on the schedule of selenium.
Susceptibility Genes for Hypertension and Renal Failure
Authors: Barry I. Freedman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. The incidence rates of ESRD are rapidly increasing worldwide. In the United States, the increasing incidence rates of ESRD have occurred coincident with overall reductions in death rates from heart disease and stroke. In the United States, the predominant causes of ESRD are reportedly high BP and diabetes mellitus. Minority populations, particularly African Americans, Native Americans and Hispanic Americans, are disproportionately affected relative to Caucasian Americans. There is mounting evidence that inherited factors, in addition to environmental exposure, contribute to the development of ESRD. This manuscript reviews the evidence in support of genetic factors that contribute to the common, complex causes of chronic renal failure. E-mail: [email protected]
Benefits of targeting both pericytes and endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature with kinase inhibitors
Authors: Gabriele Bergers, Steven Song, Nicole Meyer-Morse, Emily Bergsland, Douglas Hanahan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Functions of receptor tyrosine kinases implicated in angiogenesis were pharmacologically impaired in a mouse model of pancreatic islet cancer. An inhibitor targeting VEGFRs in endothelial cells (SU5416) is effective against early-stage angiogenic lesions, but not large, well-vascularized tumors. In contrast, a kinase inhibitor incorporating selectivity for PDGFRs (SU6668) is shown to block further growth of end-stage tumors, eliciting detachment of pericytes and disruption of tumor vascularity. Importantly, PDGFRs were expressed only in perivascular cells of this tumor type, suggesting that PDGFR+ pericytes in tumors present a complimentary target to endothelial cells for efficacious antiangiogenic therapy. Therapeutic regimes combining the two kinase inhibitors (SU5416 and SU6668) were more efficacious against all stages of islet carcinogenesis than either single agent. Combination of the VEGFR inhibitor with another distinctive kinase inhibitor targeting PDGFR activity (Gleevec) was also able to regress late-stage tumors. Thus, combinatorial targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases shows promise for treating multiple stages in tumorigenesis, most notably the often-intractable late-stage solid tumor.
Evaluation of obesity, excessive daytime sleepiness, risk of obstructive sleep apnea, history of past road traffic accident and computer-based psychotechnique driver assessment system among heavy vehicle drivers
Authors: Ezgi Demirdogen Cetinoglu, Asli Gorek Dilektasli, Nefise Ates Demir, Guven Ozkaya, Nilufer Aylin Acet, Eda Durmus, Ahmet Ursavas, Ercument Ege
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

BACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between obesity, berlin questionnaire (BQ), epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), past history of road traffic accident(RTA) and performance on driving simulator among heavy vehicle drivers.

MATERIAL-METHODS:We examined 282 heavy vehicle drivers admitted for driving simulator test in psychotechnique driver assessment system.The risk of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)was assessed by BQ and ESS. Computer-based system including tests assessing psychomotor-cognitive skills required for driving was developed by TUBITAK-ODTU and BILTEN. RESULTS:The mean age of the drivers were 45.4±8.8. Thirty drivers were at high risk for OSA with BQ. Median ESS of the group were 2 (0-20). Seventy-two drivers had past history of RTA. 86.9% of the subjects “passed” the simulator test; and 12.4% “failed”. 47%of the subjects at high risk of OSA failed in early reaction time test while 28% of the drivers with low risk of OSA failed(p<0.03). The obese drivers failed the peripheral vision test when compared with BMI<30kg/m2 (p<0.02). ESS was increased in drivers with a past history of RTA when compared with no RTA(p=0.02).

CONCLUSION:Cognitive-psycohomotor functions can be impaired in obese subjects and people with high risk of OSA assessed by BQ.Driving performance is very sensitive to cognitive and psycohomotor impairment.We conclude that a risk assessment procedure for screening based on BMI and OSA risk should be applied during the driving licence application procedure of heavy vehicle drivers.