tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stage-Specific Inhibitory Effects and Associated Mechanisms of Silibinin on Tumor Progression and Metastasis in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate Model
Authors: Komal Raina, Subapriya Rajamanickam, Rana P. Singh, Gagan Deep, Manesh Chittezhath, Rajesh Agarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Herein, using transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, we assessed the "stage-specific" efficacy of silibinin feeding against prostate cancer (PCa) initiation, progression, angiogenesis and metastasis, and associated molecular events involved in silibinin effects during these stages. Male TRAMP mice starting at ages 4, 12, 20, and 30 weeks of age were fed with control or 1% silibinin-supplemented diet for 8 to 15 weeks in stage-specific manners. At the end of studies, silibinin-fed mice showed less severe prostatic lesions compared with positive controls. During early stages of prostate tumor development, silibinin mediated its efficacy mostly via antiproliferative mechanisms. Feeding of silibinin to animals burdened with higher stages of prostate tumor significantly decreased tumor grade via antiproliferative effect, and inhibition of angiogenesis as evidenced by decreased expressions of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1/CD-31, vascular endothelial growth factor, and associated receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor R2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Metastasis to distant organs was decreased in silibinin-fed mice, which was associated with a decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, mesenchymal markers snail-1, and fibronectin in the prostatic tissue and retention of epithelial characteristics. Together, these findings are both novel and highly significant in establishing the dual efficacy of silibinin where it inhibits progression of primary prostatic tumor and also shows protective efficacy against angiogenesis and late stage metastasis. These effects of silibinin could have potential implications to improve the morbidity and survival in PCa patients.
A few hours from disaster
Authors: R. Radwan, A. D. Ram, S. N. Huddart
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 4 month old boy was brought to our children’s assessment unit with a 12 hour history of multiple green bilious vomits and irritability. He was not tolerating anything orally and had last opened his bowels two days ago. Birth had been at term by normal vaginal delivery, with no complications. He was taking no regular drugs and had no family or social history of note.

When he was 2 weeks old he had been seen by his general practitioner for bilious vomiting and had been sent home on antacids. A week later, he presented with further bilious vomiting, now associated with constipation, and was treated conservatively with guidance given to his mother on diet. During a third presentation at the age of 2 months, this time for irritability and constipation, his mother was advised that this was a common symptom of colic in newborns.

When we examined him, his temperature was normal, his heart rate was 121 beats/min (normal range 100-160), and his respiratory rate was 40 breaths/min (30-60). His mucous membranes were dry, and capillary refill time was 3 s. On auscultation he had normal heart sounds and his chest was clear. His abdomen was soft, mildly tender, and he had no palpable masses. Routine blood tests showed a normal white blood cell count and a C reactive protein concentration of <1 mg/L.



### 1 What are the differential diagnoses of neonatal bilious vomiting?

#### Short answer

Bilious vomiting in a neonate should be treated as a surgical emergency until proved otherwise. The causes include intestinal malrotation and volvulus, duodenal atresia, jejunoileal atresia, meconium ileus, and necrotising enterocolitis.

#### Long answer

Neonatal bilious vomiting is always a worrying sign. All …
Craving Not Sufficient or Necessary?
Authors: Elaine Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anesthesia Experiences at a Plastic Surgery Center in Vietnam
Authors: Joseph F. Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The Republic of Vietnam urgently needs help from other countries to provide civilian medical care. Children's Medical Relief International (CMRI) has established a modern surgical facility in Saigon. An international staff provides plastic and reconstructive surgery for Vietnamese children suffering from war injuries, domestic and road accidents, destructive facial ulcers, and congenital defects. With Vietnamese personnel now being trained, the hospital will eventually be turned over to the Vietnamese Ministry of Health for future operation. War-injured children number about 6% of admissions; and cleft lips, palates, or both, number 50%. Many burn contractures, ankylosed jaws, and cases of facial noma are encountered. Frequent difficult airway problems are often compounded by repeated oral and facial reconstructive surgical procedures. Our anesthetic experience with CMRI in providing help to the Vietnamese children was deeply rewarding.
A Workshop Promoting and Spreading Team Medical Care and Regional Collaboration for Cancer Patients
Authors: S. Akiyama, A. Uehara, S. Sugawara, K. Ogasawara, H. Shibata, M. Kawahara, M. Miura, S. Muto, T. Mori, C. Ishioka
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
The evolutionarily novel context of clinical caregiving and facial displays of pain
Authors: Karen L. Schmidt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Evolutionary explanations of pain expression require modeling social adaptations in a context where the role of health professionals as potential caregivers, conflicts with their status as relative strangers. As signals of help elicitation or of alarm, facial pain displays and responses to displays, particularly in the upper face, are expected to conform to this evolutionarily novel clinical context.
Longitudinal Changes in Physiological, Radiological, and Health Status Measurements in α<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Factors Associated with Decline
Authors: LEE J. DOWSON, PETER J. GUEST, ROBERT A. STOCKLEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The FEV1 declines rapidly in α1-antitrypsin deficiency ( α1-ATD) but less is known about other measures of disease severity and the factors, other than smoking, that are associated with progression of emphysema. The natural history of α1-ATD was studied prospectively in 43 patients with the PiZ phenotype and emphysema at a single center over 2 yr. The mean ± SE change in FEV1 was − 67 ± 14 ml/yr, accompanied by a reduction in transfer factor (mean change in diffusing capacity of the lung for CO [Dl CO] –1.07 ± 0.21 ml/min/mm Hg/yr; p < 0.001) and lung density in the upper zones as assessed by quantitative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) (mean change in voxel index 2.8 ± 0.6%/yr; p < 0.001). The decline in FEV1 related to baseline FEV1 (r = − 0.56, p < 0.001), bronchodilator reversibility (r = 0.52, p < 0.001), and (for patients with FEV1 > 35% predicted) exacerbation frequency (r = − 0.38, p = 0.02). There was also a decline in the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) Activity score (mean change − 4.3 ± 1.2 units/yr, p < 0.001) that correlated with FEV1 decline (r = 0.45, p = 0.002). Progression of emphysema in α1-ATD is dependent on baseline physiology and exacerbation frequency and may be detected by several different measurements of which HRCT density mask analysis and Dl CO appear most sensitive.
Rheumatic Heart Disease Epidemiology
Authors: WILLIAM E. MORTON, ARTHUR L. WARNER, JOHN V. WEIL, CARLETON L. SHMOCK, JOSEPH SNYDER, JOHN A. LICHTY
Journal: Circulation (1970)

After epidemiologic data had suggested the existence of a high-risk rheumatic fever (RF) region in Colorado, examination of 3,737 children in a careful prevalence study in that region, the San Luis Valley yielded 14 cases of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) for a prevalence rate of 3.7/1,000. This rate was significantly higher than the rate of 1.7/1,000 among Denver children of the same age screened by a similar method and followed for a similar period for ascertainment of diagnoses. Although the current high RHD risk in the San Luis Valley had been thought to be due to the relative impoverishment of this part of the state, the RHD and history-of-RF prevalence rates did not correlate with socioeconomic indices by county within the Valley as expected. An ethnic difference in RHD prevalence seen in Denver did not exist in the San Luis Valley, which led to speculation about (1) patterns of school attendance in small towns versus urban areas, and (2) the probability that the influence of poverty as an RHD-risk factor operates on a community rather than on a family or individual level.
Review: Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to prevent foot ulcers in patients with diabetes is limited
Authors: Dara L. Eckerle Mize, Gunjan Y. Gandhi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Arad Y, Fonseca V, Peters A, Vinik A. Beyond the monofilament for the insensate diabetic foot: a systematic review of randomized trials to prevent the occurrence of plantar foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1041-6. 21447666
Myofilament Calcium Regulation in Human Myocardium
Authors: Roger J. Hajjar, Robert H.G. Schwinger, Ulrich Schmidt, Catherine S. Kim, Djamel Lebeche, Angelia A. Doye, Judith K. Gwathmey
Journal: Circulation (2000)

We investigated whether decreased myofilament calcium contractile activation may, in part, contribute to heart failure.Calcium concentration required for 50% activation and Hill coefficient for fibers from nonfailing and failing human hearts at pH 7.1 were not different. Maximum calcium-activated force (F(max)) was also not different. However, at pH 6.8 and 6.9, differences were seen in myofilament calcium activation between nonfailing and failing hearts. At lower pH, failing myocardium was shifted left on the calcium axis compared with nonfailing myocardium, which suggested an increase in myofilament calcium responsiveness. Increased inorganic phosphate concentration decreased maximal force development by 56% in nonfailing and 36% in failing myocardium and shifted the calcium-force relationship by 2.01+/-0.22 versus 0.86+/-0.13 micromol/L, respectively (P<0.05). Addition of cAMP resulted in a 0. 56 micromol/L shift toward higher intracellular calcium concentrations in nonfailing myocardium and a 1.04 micromol/L shift in failing myocardium. Protein kinase A in the presence of cAMP resulted in a further rightward shift in nonfailing human myocardium but did not further shift the calcium-force relationship in fibers from failing hearts. cGMP also resulted in a greater decrease in myofilament calcium sensitivity in fibers from failing hearts.We propose that changes at the level of the thin myofilaments result in differential responses to changes in the intracellular milieu in nonfailing versus failing myocardium.
Inflammation, Immune Activation, and CVD Risk in Individuals With HIV Infection
Authors: James H. Stein, Priscilla Y. Hsue
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomized Trial of Acupuncture to Lower Blood Pressure
Authors: Frank A. Flachskampf, Joachim Gallasch, Olaf Gefeller, Junxue Gan, Juntong Mao, Annette B. Pfahlberg, Alois Wortmann, Lutz Klinghammer, Wolfgang Pflederer, Werner G. Daniel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Arterial hypertension is a prime cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Pharmacological treatment has limitations resulting from drug side effects, costs, and patient compliance. Thus, we investigated whether traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture is able to lower blood pressure.We randomized 160 outpatients (age, 58+/-8 years; 78 men) with uncomplicated arterial hypertension in a single-blind fashion to a 6-week course of active acupuncture or sham acupuncture (22 sessions of 30 minutes' duration). Seventy-eight percent were receiving antihypertensive medication, which remained unchanged. Primary outcome parameters were mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure levels after the treatment course and 3 and 6 months later. One hundred forty patients finished the treatment course (72 with active treatment, 68 with sham treatment). There was a significant (P<0.001) difference in posttreatment blood pressures adjusted for baseline values between the active and sham acupuncture groups at the end of treatment. For the primary outcome, the difference between treatment groups amounted to 6.4 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.5 to 9.2) and 3.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 1.6 to 5.8) for 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. In the active acupuncture group, mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly after treatment by 5.4 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.2 to 7.6) and 3.0 mm Hg (95% CI, 1.5 to 4.6), respectively. At 3 and 6 months, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures returned to pretreatment levels in the active treatment group.Acupuncture according to traditional Chinese medicine, but not sham acupuncture, after 6 weeks of treatment significantly lowered mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures; the effect disappeared after cessation of acupuncture treatment.
Negative Inotropic Effect of Adrenomedullin in Isolated Adult Rabbit Cardiac Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Hiroshi Ikenouchi, Kenji Kangawa, Hisayuki Matsuo, Yasunobu Hirata
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasodilator peptide. AM-induced vasodilatation is mediated by an increase of NO as well as cAMP. Both AM and binding sites for this peptide have been found in cardiac tissue, indicating the possible existence of an autocrine or paracrine system of AM in the heart. Methods and Results Myocytes were isolated by use of retrograde coronary perfusion with physiological solution containing collagenase and hyaluronidase from adult rabbit ventricles. Contraction of cardiac myocytes was traced with a video motion detector, and [Ca 2+ ] i was measured with indo 1 at 37°C. The I Ca was measured with a whole-cell patch clamp at 23°C. AM and calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), another member of the same peptide family, showed a concentration-dependent negative inotropic effect (10 −7 mol/L AM: contraction amplitude, 64±7% of control; [Ca 2+ ] i , 52±5% of control; n=10; 10 −6 mol/L CGRP: contraction amplitude, 64±25%; [Ca 2+ ] i , 70±3%; n=5; mean±SD). I Ca was decreased to 60±39% by superfusion with AM after the cessation of N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA), an NO synthase inhibitor. Pretreatment with L-NMMA (10 μmol/L) abolished the negative inotropic effect of AM, whereas switching from AM+L-NMMA to AM+ l -arginine (1 mmol/L) restored it. Superfusion with 8-bromo-cGMP also showed a negative inotropic effect. AM significantly increased the intracellular content of cGMP, a second messenger of NO, but not that of cAMP. AM (10 nmol/L) blunted the effect of 1 μmol/L forskolin. Conclusions AM has a negative inotropic effect and decreased both [Ca 2+ ] i and I Ca , with these effects being at least partly mediated via the l -arginine–NO pathway in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes.
Severe Eye Injuries in the War in Iraq, 2003–2005
Authors: Allen B. Thach, Anthony J. Johnson, Robert B. Carroll, Ava Huchun, Darryl J. Ainbinder, Richard D. Stutzman, Sean M. Blaydon, Sheri L. DeMartelaere, Thomas H. Mader, Clifton S. Slade, Roger K. George, John P. Ritchey, Scott D. Barnes, Lilia A. Fannin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
A NEW SIMPLEST PROCTOSCOPY.
Authors: THOS. CHAS. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It has been complained that the best methods proposed for the inspection of the rectum require so expensive an armamentarium and such an infinite degree of painstaking practice on the part of him who would see, that the busy general practician can not hope to invade with his keen glance this darkest continent of special surgery. This is an error. On the contrary, as we shall see, no artificial means whatsoever are required for a complete ocular inspection of the rectum. The elevation of the hips which sets in operation that principle of physics which governs the methods of Marion Sims' vaginal inspection (1845), Van Buren's rectal inspection (1871), and the method of the senior Allingham (1882), of Walter J. Otis (1887), and of Howard Kelly (1895), which controls my own procto-colonoscopy (1896), and which suggested Trendellenburg's posture, is, also, the chief feature of this the simplest proctoscopy. The essentials
Costs of Low-Osmolar Contrast Media
Authors: D. B. Spring, C. P. Quesenberry
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Incomplete data in the hands of practicing physicians can lead to costly misallocations of health care resources. Since their introduction in the United States in 1986, low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) have risen to just over half of the intravenous enhancement contrast agents used in the United States (William Hendee, PhD, unpublished data, November 1990). Although most practicing radiologists would agree that the newer contrast agents seem to be associated with greater comfort and safety, many radiologists are unaware of how costly a total switchover to these agents may be. Drs Jacobson and Rosenquist<sup>1</sup>reported a cost-benefit analysis of selective use of LOCM and addressed the costs of treating nonfatal reactions by using fatal reactions as one measure of safety. These researchers estimated that if all identified low-risk patients (80% or more of all patients) received LOCM instead of conventional media, the cost of each life
Textbook of Contraceptive Practice
Authors: Robert W. Kistner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This textbook, a milestone in man's effort to control his environment by control of population growth, combines medical and sociologic aspects of contraceptive methods in a concise, easy to read, practical volume. The first three chapters deal with the history of contraception, patterns of family planning and testing, and evaluation of contraceptive methods. Individual chapters are devoted to coitus interruptus, the condom, diaphragms and caps, chemicals (jellies and foams), rhythm, oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, and "minor methods." The reader may be surprised to learn about "coitus Saxonicus" in which the male exerts pressure on his perineum thus causing the spermatozoa to be refluxed into the bladder. Another unusual method, intrascrotal hyperthermia, utilizes a jock-strap with disposable paper insulation. If worn during working hours it results in a 75 percent reduction in sperm count. The chapter on oral contraceptives is, perhaps, too concise considering the voluminous literature of the past decade.
ABDOMINAL MANIFESTATIONS IN RHEUMATISM
Authors: K. H. Tallerman
Journal: BMJ (1931)

ABDOMINAL MANIFESTATIONS IN RHEUMATISMTME BRITtsRin the ulna or radius, one must combine the diamond type of graft with multiple slivers, strips, and crushed up cancellous bone, which is laid in the periosteal tube along with the diamond graft.The latter forms a framework upon which the smaller grafts can build new bone and so ultimately fill the space with material strong enough to do the work of the normal ulna or radius. CONCLUSIONMuch of what I have said has had to do with failures.Failure, however, should occupy a very unimportant place in the surgery of bone grafting, and if the general principles discussed are remembered when the operations are being performed, it will be rare that a failure will need to be recorded.
Human thiopurine methyltransferase pharmacogenetics. Kindred with a terminal exon splice junction mutation that results in loss of activity.
Authors: D M Otterness, C L Szumlanski, T C Wood, R M Weinshilboum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine. Large variations in levels of TPMT activity in human tissue can result from a common genetic polymorphism with a series of alleles for low activity. This polymorphism is an important factor responsible for large individual variations in thiopurine toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. We now report a new variant allele, TPMT*4, that contains a G--> A transition that disrupts the intron/exon acceptor splice junction at the final 3' nucleotide of intron 9, the terminal intron of the TPMT gene. This new allele cosegregated within an extended kindred with reduced TPMT activity. We attempted to determine the mechanism(s) by which the presence of TPMT*4 might result in low enzyme activity. Although very few mature transcripts derived from allele TPMT*4 were detected, the mutation did lead to generation of at least two aberrant mRNA species. The first resulted from use of a novel splice site located one nucleotide 3' downstream from the original splice junction. That mRNA species contained a single nucleotide deletion and a frameshift within exon 10, the terminal exon of the gene. The second novel mRNA species resulted from activation of a cryptic splice site located within intron 9, leading to inclusion of 330 nucleotides of intron sequence. That sequence contained a premature translation termination codon. TPMT*4 is the first reported allele for low TPMT activity as a result of a mutation within an intron. These observations also provide insight into mechanisms of mRNA processing after disruption of a terminal exon splice junction.