tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Injuries Among the Hopi Indians
Authors: Sylvia G. Simpson, Raymond Reid, Susan P. Baker, Stephen Teret
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Injuries are the leading cause of death among American Indians. An epidemiologic study was conducted on the Hopi reservation to assess the incidence, circumstances, and outcome of injuries. The incidence of hospitalized or fatal injuries during 1979-1980 was 12 per 1,000 persons per year, with the highest incidence in the age group of those older than 84 years. Overall, falls, motor vehicle crashes, self-inflicted injuries, and assaults were the leading causes of injuries. Suicides and crashes were the leading causes of death. The 15- to 29-year age group, which constituted only a quarter of the population, accounted for 46% of all injuries. This age group had especially high rates of self-inflicted injuries, crashes, and assaults. Injury problems of special importance to the Hopis included single-vehicle rollover crashes, falls from pickup trucks, falls from mesas and pueblo roofs, and suicide attempts in jails. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1873-1876)
Letter: IUD and congenital malformation.
Authors: P C Leighton, D G Evans, S M Wallis
Journal: BMJ (1976)

We were interested to read the paper by Dr. Herbert Barrie (February 28, p. 488) of 2 cases of infants with limb reduction deformity born to mothers who were using copper-containing IUDs. We present a further case in which this association was observed. The affected infant was born in 1975 to a 24-year-old Nigerian woman. The mother's 1st pregnancy was uneventful. At 37 weeks' gestation the Copper 7 was partly extruded from the cervix and was easily removed. 2 days later labor started spontaneously and the child was delivered normally. The male infant cried well at birth. It weighed 2820 gm and the head circumerence was 35 cm. The child's head, face, trunk, and right upper limb were normal. The other limbs had severe reduction deformities. The left radius was absent and there were only 2 fingers on the left hand. Both lower limbs were abnormal: the left had a single slender long bone articulating with the foot, which was markedly dorsiflexed and had only 2 toes; on the right the femur was angulated, the fibula was absent, and only 4 metatarsals were present with 4 toes. The child has made satisfactory progress and gained 1 kg in the first 3 months. The abnormalities described are more extensive than those described by Dr. Barrie. This infant will never achieve a normal gait, and will remain severely handicapped.
3D spheroid culture of hESC/hiPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells for drug toxicity testing
Authors: Kazuo Takayama, Kenji Kawabata, Yasuhito Nagamoto, Keisuke Kishimoto, Katsuhisa Tashiro, Fuminori Sakurai, Masashi Tachibana, Katsuhiro Kanda, Takao Hayakawa, Miho Kusuda Furue, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Incidental finding of lymphocytosis in an asymptomatic patient
Authors: C. S Grove, G. A Follows, W. N Erber
Journal: BMJ (2009)

What tests are needed when an asymptomatic patient presents with lymphocytosis?

A 63 year old asymptomatic man presented for health assessment. He had no medical history and was not taking any drugs. No abnormality was found on physical examination. A blood count showed haemoglobin 126 g/l (normal range 130-180 g/l), mean corpuscular volume 87 fl (80-100 fl), platelets 160×109/l (150-400×109/l), and leucocytes 13.1×109/l (4-13×109/l) with a neutrophil count of 5.4×109/l (2-8×109/l) and lymphocytes 8.0×109/l (1-4×109/l). Blood film showed lymphocytosis, with small mature lymphocytes and “smear” cells. The red cells were normochromic and normocytic, and the platelets appeared normal.

### Repeat blood count and film in 2-4 weeks

The reporting haematologist recommended a repeat blood count and film in 2-4 weeks. This showed persistence of mild normocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 128 g/l) and lymphocytosis (8.2×109/l) of small mature lymphocytes and smear cells. 

### Further investigation of normocytic anaemia

As the mild anaemia was persistent it needed to be investigated further. A normocytic anaemia may be caused by reduced marrow erythropoiesis (due to anaemia of chronic disease or bone marrow infiltration, for example), increased red cell destruction (haemolytic anaemia), or blood loss. Appropriate investigations are a reticulocyte count, which is a surrogate measure of marrow erythropoiesis, and iron studies (ferritin, serum iron, and total iron binding capacity) to determine whether the anaemia is due to an underlying chronic disease process or iron deficiency. The red cell morphology and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) did not suggest haemolytic anaemia or megaloblastic anaemia, so tests of haemolysis (direct antiglobulin test, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobins) and vitamin B12 or folate assays were not needed.

### Lymphocyte morphology

The morphology of the lymphocytes can help differentiate between neoplastic (primary) and reactive (secondary) lymphocytoses (box). In …
Comminuted Intercondylar and Supracondylar Femoral Fracture
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. David C. Mitchell: A 29-year-old white male was found approximately three hours after having fallen a distance of about 100 feet off a bridge. He had landed in some soft dirt at the base of a supporting column. Because of his injuries he had been unable to move and apparently had lapsed into unconsciousness intermittently during the three-hour period. When he arrived in the emergency ward he was conscious and complained of pain in the right thigh, right forearm, and left thumb. His blood pressure level was 100/70 mm Hg and his pulse was 110 beats per minute. The hemoglobin level was 12.2 gm/100 cc, and the white blood cell count was 40,800 cells per cubic millimeter. The volar surface of the right forearm had been severely lacerated. There was a closed fracture of the right distal femur. The circulation and neurological status of the right lower extremity were normal. Emergency care was given
Congenital Deformities of Hand.
Authors: Howard S. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Philadelphia,Pa., March 21, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to Dr. F. R. Sherwood's very meritorious article in theJournalof March 11, on the above subject, I am constrained to contribute this brief record of an observation, made<i>en passant</i>as it were, which may possess some interest for the doctor, and for some other readers. It was several months ago that, while riding in a trolley-car, I saw sitting upon its mother's lap near by, a child apparently about three years of age, having five distinct fingers on each hand—no thumbs. In place of the latter there were two prehensile fingers having each three phalanges, and quite closely resembling the apposed forefingers respectively, in size, shape, length, and mobility. The<i>finger-thumbs</i>seemed to serve the hands with as much freedom of motion, prehension and adaptability as ordinary thumbs, as I could unmistakably detect while in a sufficiently favorable
MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY, FIBRIN DEPOSITS AND CHEMOTAXIS IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
Authors: Sandor Sipka, Tibor Szilagyi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY, FIBRIN DEPOSITS AND CHEMOTAXIS IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS Get access Sandor Sipka, Sandor Sipka Department of Pathophysiology, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tibor Szilagyi Tibor Szilagyi Department of Pathophysiology, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 4, 1 October 1977, Pages 469–470, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14264.x Published: 01 October 1977
THE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE ATRIAL REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Gerasimos Siasos, Savvas Mazaris, Konstantinos Zisimos, Evangelos Oikonomou, Eleni Kokkou, Theodosia Konsola, George Lazaros, Manolis Vavuranakis, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Constantina Aggeli, Styliani Brili, Christine Chrysohoou, Christodoulos I. Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
BREAST FEEDING AND THE PEDIATRICIAN
Authors: Walter Lester Carr
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Richardson's efforts in behalf of breast feeding are well known in New York and I have read with interest his recent contribution, but I cannot agree with him in one of the conclusions he presents in his article (Progress of Breast Feeding in New York State,The Journal, October 29), in which he states that "whereas the general practitioner usually welcomes the new teaching with real enthusiasm, the pediatrician is apt to be harder to convince." This is not borne out by my experience, and my close association with obstetricians and maternity hospitals gives me an opposite, point of view. At Manhattan Maternity, where there were 1,155 babies born in 1926, 70 per cent were breast fed. Of sixty-seven women reported in October, fifty-six were nursing their babies. At the Woman's Hospital, careful observations are made on nursing periods and the quantity taken at each nursing.
Editorial: Hard cases make bad law
Authors: E. J. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Medicine is largely self-governed. This is so because the public, the citizens of the state, have permitted it. Professional self-government does not result from natural or constitutional right. It is a privilege. Society believes it lacks the knowledge and expertise needed to review the quality of professional service or to evaluate professional judgments. But beliefs can and do change. The public can be stampeded into believing (1) its rights are being impinged upon (2) medicine isn't policing its own ranks (3) the privilege of self-government should be restricted or curtailed, or (4) the public should participate with the profession in administering self-government. Medical societies appear to have been reluctant to tackle tough problems relating to questionable actions by their members. It is amazing how many excuses can be found for not conducting an investigation or for not taking action. One common excuse is that if the medical society becomes involved
The Regulation of Investigational Drugs
Authors: David A. Kessler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

THE search for effective drugs to combat the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has focused renewed attention on the process by which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) regulates the development and availability of new therapeutic agents. The federal government's ability to strike the difficult balance between ensuring the safety of patients and accelerating the availability of new drugs has been seriously questioned. The criticisms persist even though the agency has spent the past 10 years revising its own regulations governing the investigation of new drugs.1 This article examines the process, including recent revisions, by which the FDA regulates new investigational . . .
Managing Hyperkalemia Caused by Inhibitors of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
Authors: Biff F. Palmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Hyperkalemia can develop as a result of treatment with angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers. This side effect is most common in patients with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or advanced age. This review explains the pathophysiology and offers clinical guidance for management.
Non Q-wave myocardial infarction post thrombolysis. What are they really? (How should they be classified?)
Authors: Robert Dupuis, Claude Lauzon, Richard F. Davies, Mario Talajic, Duncan J. Stewart, Wayne J. Warnica, Martin Gardner, Bruce Sussex, Pierre Savard, Etel Mikes, John Ferguson, Jean L. Rouleau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Adrenal Cortical Function at Death as Measured by Level of Circulating Eosinophils
Authors: P. B. Jennings
Journal: BMJ (1952)

VALVOTOMY FOR MITRAL STENOSISBR O 1055think that mitral valvotomy should be undertaken in suit- able centres even where cardiac catheterization is not available.Mitral valvotomy should be considered in all patients with mitral stenosis who are progressively disabled.Orthopnoea and recurrent pulmonary oedema are special indications.The risk of recurrent rheumatic carditis in patients under 20 years of age should make one more hesitant, and the presence of active carditis is one of the few contraindications to operation.It must also be considered as an alternative to termina- tion of pregnancy and sterilization; it has been carried out successfully in three women during their pregnancies, which have then terminated normally.Time alone will tell how long the improvement after mitral valvotomy can last and whether fibrosis or recur- rent carditis will again lead to severe stenosis of the mitral valve.In the two or three years that have elapsed since the earliest operations there has been no evidence of relapse.We wish to thank our many colleagues who have been actively interested in the wide problems of mitral stenosis and who have helped in the investigation and treatment of these patients.The Guy's group are particularly indebted to Dr. H.
The "R-on-T" Phenomenon
Authors: TOBY R. ENGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

The "R-on-T phenomenon" is the superimposition of an ectopic beat on the T wave of a preceding beat. Early observations suggested that R-on-T was likely to initiate sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. More recent experimental and clinical observations suggest that R-on-T is not a critical determinant of primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction; represents few of the initiating beats of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia; and represents at worst only a small risk in terms of sudden death. Apparently when the capacity for sustained repetitive beating has not been clinically obvious, R-on-T is quite unlikely to result in ventricular tachyarrhythmias, even in the presence of coronary heart disease. However, in the setting of acute myocardial infarction, inability to always identify the precursors of tachyarrhythmias strengthens the argument for prophylactic treatment of patients.
Underinsurance among Children in the United States
Authors: Michael D. Kogan, Paul W. Newacheck, Stephen J. Blumberg, Reem M. Ghandour, Gopal K. Singh, Bonnie B. Strickland, Peter C. van Dyck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Recent interest in policy regarding children's health insurance has focused on expanding coverage. Less attention has been devoted to the question of whether insurance sufficiently meets children's needs.We estimated underinsurance among U.S. children on the basis of data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health (sample size, 91,642 children) regarding parents' or guardians' judgments of whether their children's insurance covered needed services and providers and reasonably covered costs. Data on adequacy were combined with data on continuity of insurance coverage to classify children as never insured during the past year, sometimes insured during the past year, continuously insured but inadequately covered (i.e., underinsured), and continuously insured and adequately covered. We examined the association between this classification and five overall indicators of health care access and quality: delayed or forgone care, difficulty obtaining needed care from a specialist, no preventive care, no developmental screening at a preventive visit, and care not meeting the criteria of a medical home.We estimated that in 2007, 11 million children were without health insurance for all or part of the year, and 22.7% of children with continuous insurance coverage--14.1 million children--were underinsured. Older children, Hispanic children, children in fair or poor health, and children with special health care needs were more likely to be underinsured. As compared with children who were continuously and adequately insured, uninsured and underinsured children were more likely to have problems with health care access and quality.The number of underinsured children exceeded the number of children without insurance for all or part of the year studied. Access to health care and the quality of health care are suboptimal for uninsured and underinsured children. (Funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration.)
Low Levels of HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load in Patients Infected with HIV-1 Subtype B and Advanced Immunosuppression
Authors: R. de la Rosa, M. Leal, J.A. Pineda, U. Dietrich, J. Delgado, J. Macı́as, A. Rubio, A. Sánchez-Quijano, E. Lissen
Journal: Journal of Infection (2001)
Chromosome Errors in Men With Antisocial Behavior
Authors: David Baker
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A total of 876 males in prisons and facilities for the mentally ill and mentally retarded underwent cytogenetic screening. Of the 23 individuals identified with sex chromosome errors, seven with 47,XYY chromosome pattern and eight with Klinefelter's syndrome were compared. Both groups displayed tall stature and elongated lower segments; the XYY males averaged 3 inches taller than the Klinefelter males. In contrast to 47,XYY males, Klinefelter males uniformly displayed atrophic testes and buccal smears positive for sex chromatin. Facial acne, ulcerous varicosities of the legs, and neurological disorders were inconsistent features of both groups. The Klinefelter males of this series displayed a mean intelligence quotient of 80 as opposed to 84 for the 47,XYY males. A wide spectrum of criminal offenses and psychopathology, including psychosis, was manifested in both groups.
Early-Life Air Pollution and Asthma Risk in Minority Children. The GALA II and SAGE II Studies
Authors: Katherine K. Nishimura, Joshua M. Galanter, Lindsey A. Roth, Sam S. Oh, Neeta Thakur, Elizabeth A. Nguyen, Shannon Thyne, Harold J. Farber, Denise Serebrisky, Rajesh Kumar, Emerita Brigino-Buenaventura, Adam Davis, Michael A. LeNoir, Kelley Meade, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Pedro C. Avila, Luisa N. Borrell, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Śaunak Sen, Fred Lurmann, John R. Balmes, Esteban G. Burchard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Air pollution is a known asthma trigger and has been associated with short-term asthma symptoms, airway inflammation, decreased lung function, and reduced response to asthma rescue medications.To assess a causal relationship between air pollution and childhood asthma using data that address temporality by estimating air pollution exposures before the development of asthma and to establish the generalizability of the association by studying diverse racial/ethnic populations in different geographic regions.This study included Latino (n = 3,343) and African American (n = 977) participants with and without asthma from five urban regions in the mainland United States and Puerto Rico. Residential history and data from local ambient air monitoring stations were used to estimate average annual exposure to five air pollutants: ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide, particulate matter not greater than 10 μm in diameter, and particulate matter not greater than 2.5 μm in diameter. Within each region, we performed logistic regression to determine the relationship between early-life exposure to air pollutants and subsequent asthma diagnosis. A random-effects model was used to combine the region-specific effects and generate summary odds ratios for each pollutant.After adjustment for confounders, a 5-ppb increase in average NO₂ during the first year of life was associated with an odds ratio of 1.17 for physician-diagnosed asthma (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.31).Early-life NO₂ exposure is associated with childhood asthma in Latinos and African Americans. These results add to a growing body of evidence that traffic-related pollutants may be causally related to childhood asthma.
New advice on physical activity aims to prevent chronic disease from early years
Authors: M. Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Aims</h3> To explore: (1) whether during exercise metabolic equivalents (METs) appropriately indicate the intensity and/or metabolic cost for post-myocardial infarction (MI) males and (2) whether post-exercise VO<sub>2</sub> parameters provide insight into the intensity and/or metabolic cost of the prior exercise. <h3>Methods</h3> 15 male phase-IV post-MIs (64.4±6.5 years) and 16 apparently healthy males (63.0±6.4 years) participated. Participants performed a graded cycle ergometer test (CET) of 50, 75 and 100 W, followed by 10 min active recovery (at 50 W) and 22 min seated recovery. Participants’ heart rate (HR, bpm), expired air parameters and ratings of perceived exertion (exercise only) were measured. <h3>Results</h3> General linear model analysis showed throughout significantly lower HR values in post-MI participants that were related to β-blocker medication (<i>F</i><sub>(2,5)</sub>=18.47, p&lt;0.01), with significantly higher VCO<sub>2</sub>/VO<sub>2</sub> (<i>F</i><sub>(2,5)</sub>=11.25, p&lt;0.001) and gross kcals/LO<sub>2</sub>/min (<i>F</i><sub>(2,5)</sub>=11.25, p&lt;0.001). Analysis comparing lines of regression showed, during the CET: post-MI participants worked at higher percentage of their anaerobic threshold (%AT)/MET than controls (<i>F</i><sub>(2,90)</sub>=18.98, p&lt;0.001), as well as during active recovery (100–50 W) (<i>F</i><sub>(2,56)</sub>=20.81, p&lt;0.001); during seated recovery: GLM analysis showed significantly higher values of VCO<sub>2</sub>/VO<sub>2</sub> for post-MI participants compared with controls (<i>F</i><sub>(2,3)</sub>=21.48, p=0.001) as well as gross kcals/LO<sub>2</sub>/min (<i>F</i><sub>(2,3)</sub>=21.48, p=0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Since METs take no consideration of any anaerobic component, they failed to reflect the significantly greater anaerobic contribution during exercise per MET for phase-IV post-MI patients. Given the anaerobic component will be greater for those with more severe forms of cardiac disease, current METs should be used with caution when determining exercise intensity in any patient with cardiac disease.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia-well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with monoclonal iga: IgA production by circulating lymphocytes
Authors: Richard S. Stein, Franklin Kozin, David Rothwell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract A patient is described in whom morphologic features of well‐differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (WDL) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and immunologic features of multiple myeloma were present. Studies of isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated de novo synthesis of IgA k, the same paraprotein that was identified in the serum. Predominant IgA synthesis by peripheral lymphocytes has not been previously shown in either WDL or CLL.
'Poof' goes the plaque with experimental laser angioplasty
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Recent use of lasers to vaporize plaque in coronary and femoral arteries of living humans suggests that the 1980s will be a developmental decade for laser revascularization as the 1970s were for percutaneous balloon angioplasty. After the pioneer work 20 years ago, balloon angioplasty evolved through peripheral vessel trials in the early 1970s to coronary vessel trials, performed without opening the chest, beginning in late 1977 (<i>JAMA</i>[Medical News] 1978;240:1117-1119; 1979; 241:11-12; 1980;243:99-101). Now, laser angioplasty, also building on some 20 years of experience, similarly is moving toward the percutaneous approach to cleaning out coronary vessels. But it's going to take time, say researchers from the University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville. George S. Abela, MD, and C. Richard Conti, MD, who presented some of their team's work during the American Heart Association's (AHA) annual scientifiic sessions in Anaheim, Calif, predict that initial experience will be gained by doing