tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Looking ahead: electrical motor-driven artificial heart
Authors: Helene Cole
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Members of the Division of Artificial Organs at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, recognize several serious limitations of the pneumatic artificial heart, particularly the bulky external power supply unit and the external air hoses.  William S. Pierce, MD, head of the division, readily admits that,  a decade or so, today's artificial hearts will seem to us like the Model T Ford. However, he says, clinical experience with the pneumatic device will be useful in the development of what the Pennsylvania State team considers to be the ideal permanent artificial heart—a fully implantable motor-driven heart.  This device, now under development at the university, will have a portable power supply to be worn on a belt or carried in a shoulder pack. The electrical power will be delivered transcutaneously, eliminating any leads exiting from the body.  The power supply will last for about ten hours, allowing the patient
Remarks on the Local Origin of Malignant Growths
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1883)

if we count roughly, from fifteen to twenty-five years of age, occupies ten years, and the more gradual rise, from twenty-five to forty-five, occupies twenty years.In the hen, the rise is from 15 to 135, and the decline from 135 to 1.In woman, the decline is from about 1.02 to 1, and the rise again to about 1.02.There can be little doubt that a similar rise and fall, or fall and rise, are to be found in the history of the fertility of other living things.The curve of this climax and.anti-climax is not a part of a circle.Dr. Routh, in a valuable paper on " Procreative Power," published in the London Joe'rnal of Medicibe for 1850, describes this curve, representing what he calls the inclination of procreative power, and thinks the circle is perhaps the nearest that could be selected: but the circle cannot be made to represent the figures on which he relies.He makes the age of greatest fecundity in woman twenty-six, and the climax and anti-climnax may be partially indicated by the following figures, which he gives: At fifteen years of ace, the figure is 22; at twenty, it is 42; at twenty-six, it is 100; at thirty, it is 92; at thirty-five, it is 74; at forty, it is 54; at forty-five, it is 39.In leaving the subject of twins, it is natural to refer to malformna-
Osteoporosis after Oophorectomy for Non-malignant Disease in Premenopausal Women
Authors: J. M. Aitken, D. M. Hart, J. B. Anderson, R. Lindsay, D. A. Smith, C. F. Speirs
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The role of oophorectomy in the development of osteoporosis was assessed retrospectively in 258 women who had been hysterectomized premenopausally for non-malignant disease. Bone density was assessed using the radiographic density of the third metacarpal. Oophorectomy before the age of 45 years was found to be associated with a significantly increased prevalence of osteoporosis within three to six years of operation. The bone density of women oophorectomized after the age of 45 years was indistinguishable three to six years after operation from that found in healthy women with intact ovaries. These findings confirm the major part played by loss of ovarian function in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
727-4 Differential Effects of Chronic Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition and Angiotensin II (AT-II) Receptor (AT 1 AT-II) Blockade on Myocyte Excitation and Contraction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rupak Mukherjee, Henry H. Holzgrefe, James R. Powell, William H. Koster, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Recommendations for Incorporating Patient-Reported Outcomes Into Clinical Comparative Effectiveness Research in Adult Oncology
Authors: Ethan Basch, Amy P. Abernethy, C. Daniel Mullins, Bryce B. Reeve, Mary Lou Smith, Stephen Joel Coons, Jeff Sloan, Keith Wenzel, Cynthia Chauhan, Wayland Eppard, Elizabeth S. Frank, Joseph Lipscomb, Stephen A. Raymond, Merianne Spencer, Sean Tunis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Examining the patient's subjective experience in prospective clinical comparative effectiveness research (CER) of oncology treatments or process interventions is essential for informing decision making. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are the standard tools for directly eliciting the patient experience. There are currently no widely accepted standards for developing or implementing PRO measures in CER. Recommendations for the design and implementation of PRO measures in CER were developed via a standardized process including multistakeholder interviews, a technical working group, and public comments. Key recommendations are to include assessment of patient-reported symptoms as well as health-related quality of life in all prospective clinical CER studies in adult oncology; to identify symptoms relevant to a particular study population and context based on literature review and/or qualitative and quantitative methods; to assure that PRO measures used are valid, reliable, and sensitive in a comparable population (measures particularly recommended include EORTC QLQ-C30, FACT, MDASI, PRO-CTCAE, and PROMIS); to collect PRO data electronically whenever possible; to employ methods that minimize missing patient reports and include a plan for analyzing and reporting missing PRO data; to report the proportion of responders and cumulative distribution of responses in addition to mean changes in scores; and to publish results of PRO analyses simultaneously with other clinical outcomes. Twelve core symptoms are recommended for consideration in studies in advanced or metastatic cancers. Adherence to methodologic standards for the selection, implementation, and analysis/reporting of PRO measures will lead to an understanding of the patient experience that informs better decisions by patients, providers, regulators, and payers.
Acute glomerulonephritis with normal results from urinalyses. A report of two cases and comments on four additional cases with atypical findings from urinalyses
Authors: M. J. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Two cases of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis were found with paradoxically normal results from urinalyses. Three additional cases of acute glomerulonephritis with no proteinuria but with hematuria and one case with transient proteinuria and no hematuria were also found. The pitfalls of diagnosis with these unusual presentations of acute glomerulonephritis are apparent.
Effects of Exogenous Estrogen and Progestin on Pituitary Responsiveness to Synthetic Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor
Authors: G. Vandenberg, G. DeVane, S. S. C. Yen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The effect of estrogen and progestin on pituitary responsiveness to 150 mug synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) was assessed in premenopausal women receiving sequential (n=12) and combination (n=7) contraceptive steroids. A marked contrast in the time-course and maximal response to LRF was found; a prompt but quantitatively smaller luteinizing hormone (LH) response was seen during cyclic combination therapy, while a delayed (five times) but enhanced (fivefold) LH response was observed during estrogen segments of cyclic sequential therapy. For follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the maximum rise was also higher, and the peak response was similarly delayed in the latter group. The quantitative secretion in response to LRF for LH (area under the curve), but not for FSH, was significantly greater (P < 0.01) in subjects receiving sequential, as compared to subjects receiving combination treatment. In both groups, characteristic gonadotropin responses to LRF were reproducible and were independent of the duration of treatment. Since LRF studies were performed during the estrogen segment of treatment cycle in subjects receiving sequential steroids, our data suggest that estrogen exerts a direct feedback action at the pituitary level and that pituitary responsiveness to LRF is augmented by estrogen.
Therapy with the acorn cardiac support device reduces mRNA expression of brain and atrial natriuretic peptides in left ventricular myocardium of dogs with heart failure
Authors: Sharad Rastogi, Ramesh C. Gupta, Sudhish Mishra, George Suzuki, Hideaki Morita, Hani N. Sabbah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Future of Human Rights: U.S. Policy for a New Era
Authors: Daniel M. Fox
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Condom use seems to be reducing number of new HIV/AIDS cases
Authors: R. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Some Asian countries have made a significant dent on the HIV/AIDS epidemic through condom use, reported experts in Hanoi last week for a World Health Organization (WHO) meeting on the promotion of condom use in high risk settings in Asia.

New infections continue unabated in scattered areas, they said. In Thailand, new infections have plummeted from 143000 in 1991 to …
Progress in Providing HIV Testing and Counseling in Health Facilities
Authors: Miriam Sabin, Ying-Ru Lo
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Challenges for Improving Medication Adherence
Authors: Ross J. Simpson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PRINCIPLES OF THYROID SURGERY
Authors: C. H. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Goiter has received medical and surgical attention, as annals of medicine make record, from time immemorial. Because of its conspicuous location, diseases of the thyroid are far more noticeable than those of other duct-bearing or ductless glands, and yet most of the knowledge concerning it has been acquired within the last fifty years. The chronic character or cyclic recurrence of some diseases of the thyroid is evidenced by the remarkable number of remedies, supposed to be exceedingly effectual, which have been used in their treatment; surgery was employed only as a last resort. Because of the high mortality, most operations were done only when necessitated by obstruction to respiration or circulation. A surgical vicious circle ensued; a high mortality led to late operation, and late operation to a high mortality. The seriousness and frequency of infection was also a great factor in retarding surgery, and progress was not made until
Electrophysiological Study of Human Heart Muscle
Authors: WOLFGANG TRAUTWEIN, DONALD G. KASSEBAUM, RUSSELL M. NELSON, HANS H. HECHT
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Membrane potential changes in human ventricular and atrial muscle, excised from patients undergoing open-heart surgery, were recorded by micro-electrodes in vitro. Mean ventricular resting and action potentials were -87 mv. and 115 mv., respectively. The mean atrial resting potential was -70 mv., mean action potential 75 mv. Two forms of atrial action potential were found, one having conventional contour, the other with prominent spike and plateau. A disturbance in repolarization is believed to underlie the latter type of atrial potential cycle. The relation between the upstroke velocity of the action potential and the extracellular sodium concentration and membrane potential was shown to be similar to that in other mammalian cardiac tissue. The mean conduction velocity determined in ventricular fibers (1.3 M./sec.) was somewhat greater than that of the dog, and the possible relationship to hypertrophy of the cardiac fibers in the preparations studied is described. The effect of increased rate and anoxia in reducing the action potential duration is like that found in the hearts of other mammals. The conductance type of inhibition was produced by acetylcholine in spontaneously beating atrial tissue. The excitatory effect of epinephrine was preceded by a transitory inhibition. The basic mechanisms underlying the action potential, automaticity and transmitter effects, derived from investigation of other mammalian cardiac tissue are applicable to the human heart.
Iron and folate supplements during pregnancy.
Authors: M. J. Pippard, I. Chanarin
Journal: BMJ (1988)

tioners should remain open minded about the causes of effort syndromes.During our study patients were exercised to exhaustion as part of the test, but we do not imply this to be desirable during rehabilitation treatment.Dr A V Mark Hughson questioned the safety of exercise by comparing chronic enteroviral infection with poliomyelitis.This analogy is not a good one as in poliomyelitis activity is harmful in the acute illness and when problems present after a variable latent period these are due not to reactivation of viral activity but to previously covert weakness becoming overt for various reasons.I The evidence for the existence of chronic enteroviral infection in effort syndromes4 is limited whereas that for reactivation remains to be shown.Effort syndromes remain long term problems to affected patients and their families and to medical practitioners.Worthwhile therapeutic interventions remain scarce.A carefully graded increase in activity to reduce symptoms attributable to physical unfitness' therefore seems a reasonable and safe approach, assuming that serious disorders, such as myocardial ischaemia, are excluded.
The growth hormone/insulin‐like growth factor I‐axis in patients with advanced chronic heart failure: Evidence for a peripheral growth hormone resistance
Authors: P.C. Schulze, A. Linke, V. Adams, S. Möbius‐Winkler, J. Kratzsch, S. Erbs, N. Schoene, S. Gielen, G. Schuler, R. Hambrecht
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
AIDS and the lung: update 1995. 2. New developments in the pulmonary diseases affecting HIV infected individuals.
Authors: D M Mitchell, R F Miller
Journal: Thorax (1995)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Current literature has been inconsistent in demonstrating that minimizing the duration of mechanical ventilation in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) newborns reduces lung damage. <h3>OBJECTIVE:</h3> To determine if introduction of bubble nasal CPAP (bnCPAP), early surfactant treatment, and rapid extubation (combined bnCPAP strategy) in our community-based neonatal ICU reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). <h3>METHODS:</h3> This was a 7-year retrospective, single-institution review of respiratory outcomes in 633 VLBW babies before and after introduction of the combined bnCPAP strategy. Coincident changes in newborn care were taken into account with a logistic regression model. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> The average percentage of VLBW newborns with BPD decreased to 25.8% from 35.4% (<i>P</i> = .02), reaching a minimum in the last post-bnCPAP year of 22.1% (<i>P</i> = .02). When other coincident changes in newborn care during the study years were taken into account, VLBW babies in the post-bnCPAP years had a 43% lower chance of developing BPD (<i>P</i> = .003, odds ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.75). Decreases occurred in mechanical ventilation and the percentage of infants discharged on diuretics and on supplemental oxygen. Among the subset of extremely-low-birth-weight newborns, improved respiratory outcomes in the post-bnCPAP years, as compared to outcomes in the pre-bnCPAP years, included an increase in the percentage alive and off mechanical ventilation at 1 week postnatal age (<i>P</i> &lt; .001), a more rapid extubation rate (<i>P</i> &lt; .03), a decrease in the median days on mechanical ventilation (<i>P</i> = .002), and a decrease in the percentage with BPD plus died (<i>P</i> = .01). Post-bnCPAP extremely-low-birth-weight babies had a statistically significant decrease in retinopathy of prematurity, an increase in low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage, and a decrease in ductal ligations. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> A combined BnCPAP strategy may contribute to a reduction of BPD, after adjusting for concurrent treatments.
Teaching the behavioural sciences
Authors: K. Holt
Journal: BMJ (1967)

the ready-made coils, and have been very helpful in providing the appropriate information on the British standard for testing this material-that is, B.S. 2463, 1962.Animal tests for toxicity are carried out on the extracts of tubing heated to 850 C.-well above the temperature used in warming blood.So far we have no evidence of harmful effects on the blood, or on patients receiving warmed blood, though the results of further testing will be published in due course.-Weare, etc.,
The Role of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator for Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Mark E. Josephson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Sudden cardiac death, which accounts for approximately 350 000 deaths each year, is a major health care problem. Antiarrhythmic drugs have not been reliable in preventing sudden cardiac death. Although β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and revascularization play a role in prevention of sudden cardiac death, the development and subsequent refinement of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator has made the most important contribution to its management. Several randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated improved survival in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Two recent trials also suggest a role for primary prevention in selected patients with coronary artery disease, ventricular dysfunction, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in whom sustained ventricular tachycardia is induced. Further technological refinements and development of new, more sensitive risk stratifiers with a higher positive predictive value for sudden cardiac death will expand the indications for this life-saving therapy.
Thoughts on the Pathological Relations and the Etiology of Diphtheria
Authors: E. F. Willoughby
Journal: BMJ (1884)

LI 1. RECENTr microzoic pathology has establisbedbeyonp doubt in some cases and presuimably in others, that infections and infective dis- eases, with a;few apparent exceptions if, iiideed, they be exception1sare caused by, dependent on, or constantly associated with, the pre.s;ence of certain more or less differentiated fyrrns'of bacteria.
Adenylate Cyclase in Thymus-Derived and Bone Marrow-Derived Lymphocytes from Normal Donors and Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: John Mendelsohn, Judith Nordberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Lymphocytes were purified from peripheral blood of normal donors and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. Adenylate cyclase activity, expressed as picomoles [(32)P]cyclic AMP generated per milligram protein per minute, was 57+/-4 in normals and 26+/-4 in CLL patients. Enzyme activity, expressed as picomoles [(32)P]cyclic AMP generated per 10(6) lymphocytes per minute, was 2.09+/-0.19 for normal lymphocytes and 1.10+/-0.16 for CLL lymphocytes. The differences between normal and CLL peripheral lymphocytes are highly significant (P < 0.001) with either method of calculating activity. Cyclic AMP levels (picomoles per 10(6) lymphocytes) also differed significantly: 1.38+/-0.29 for normals and 0.45+/-0.08 for CLL lymphocytes. Adenylate cyclase was assayed in lymphocytes enriched for bone marrow-derived (B) cells by removing E-rosetted thymus-derived (T) cells, and enriched for T cells by harvesting E-rosetted lymphocytes or by removing B cells with nylon wool absorption. Solutions to simultaneous equations gave the following calculated enzyme activities for pure B- and T-cell subpopulations (in picomoles [(32)P]cyclic AMP generated per milligram mg protein per minute): normal B, 196+/-22; normal T, 30+/-10; CLL B, 34+/-6; CLL T, 19+/-4. Thus. normal B-lymphocyte adenylate cyclase exceeds normal T-lymphocyte activity by more than sixfold, whereas in the case of CLL the enzyme activity in B lymphocytes is markedly reduced to levels comparable to T lymphocytes. The responses of lymphocytes to stimulation with the hormones prostaglandin E(1) and isoproterenol, and with NaF, were assessed. Compared with normal lymphocytes, enzyme activities were reduced in CLL lymphocytes incubated with these agents, but to a degree paralleling the reduced basal activities. Thus, the ratios between stimulated and basal adenylate cyclase levels in Ficoll-Hypaque-purified, normal lymphocytes were 2.3+/-0.1 after incubation with 10 muM isoproterenol, and 3.9+/-0.2 with 10 mM NaF, values which did not differ significantly from those obtained with CLL lymphocytes. When the enzyme activities calculated for purified T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations were used to derive the stimulation ratios, the responses of normal and CLL T and B cells to these agents were also indistinguishable. The simplest explanation for these findings is a reduced number of normally responsive enzyme sites on the surface membranes of CLL lymphocytes, although alternative explanations are possible.