tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of rest and exercise radionuclide angiocardiography and exercise treadmill testing for diagnosis of anatomically extensive coronary artery disease.
Authors: C T Campos, H W Chu, H J D'Agostino, R H Jones
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The accuracy of rest and exercise radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA) and exercise treadmill testing (ETT) for diagnosis of three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease (extensive CAD) was determined in 544 patients. ETT and RNA sensitivities were similar (88% vs 92%, NS), but ETT was more specific than RNA (46% vs 34%, p less than 0.01). The prevalence of extensive CAD in patients with a positive treadmill (41%) increased only 3% when the RNA was also positive. However, in the 292 patients with a negative or indeterminate ETT, a positive RNA increased this prevalence from 16% to 23%, while a negative RNA decreased this prevalence to 5%. These results support the initial use of ETT followed by RNA if the treadmill is negative or indeterminate for diagnosis in a population with a high prevalence of extensive CAD. This approach separates patients into subgroups with a high or low probability of extensive CAD.
Localisation of the Fanconi anaemia complementation group A gene to chromosome 16q24.3
Authors: Jan C. Pronk, Rachel A. Gibson, Anna Savoia, Mario Wijker, Neil V. Morgan, Salvatore Melchionda, Deborah Ford, Samia Temtamy, Juan J. Ortega, Stander Jansen, Charmaine Havenga, Richard J. Cohn, Thomy J. de Ravel, Irene Roberts, Andries Westerveld, Douglas F. Easton, Hans Joenje, Christopher G. Mathew, Fré Arwert
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Recombination Signal Binding Protein for Ig-κJ Region Regulates Juxtaglomerular Cell Phenotype by Activating the Myo-Endocrine Program and Suppressing Ectopic Gene Expression
Authors: Ruth M. Castellanos-Rivera, Ellen S. Pentz, Eugene Lin, Kenneth W. Gross, Silvia Medrano, Jing Yu, Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez, R. Ariel Gomez
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Recombination signal binding protein for Ig-κJ region (RBP-J), the major downstream effector of Notch signaling, is necessary to maintain the number of renin-positive juxtaglomerular cells and the plasticity of arteriolar smooth muscle cells to re-express renin when homeostasis is threatened. We hypothesized that RBP-J controls a repertoire of genes that defines the phenotype of the renin cell. Mice bearing a bacterial artificial chromosome reporter with a mutated RBP-J binding site in the renin promoter had markedly reduced reporter expression at the basal state and in response to a homeostatic challenge. Mice with conditional deletion of RBP-J in renin cells had decreased expression of endocrine (renin and Akr1b7) and smooth muscle (Acta2, Myh11, Cnn1, and Smtn) genes and regulators of smooth muscle expression (miR-145, SRF, Nfatc4, and Crip1). To determine whether RBP-J deletion decreased the endowment of renin cells, we traced the fate of these cells in RBP-J conditional deletion mice. Notably, the lineage staining patterns in mutant and control kidneys were identical, although mutant kidneys had fewer or no renin-expressing cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Microarray analysis of mutant arterioles revealed upregulation of genes usually expressed in hematopoietic cells. Thus, these results suggest that RBP-J maintains the identity of the renin cell by not only activating genes characteristic of the myo-endocrine phenotype but also, preventing ectopic gene expression and adoption of an aberrant phenotype, which could have severe consequences for the control of homeostasis.
Dynamic Hyperinflation and Auto–Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
Authors: John J. Marini
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP; AP) and dynamic hyperinflation (DH) may affect hemodynamics, predispose to barotrauma, increase work of breathing, cause dyspnea, disrupt patient-ventilator synchrony, confuse monitoring of hemodynamics and respiratory system mechanics, and interfere with the effectiveness of pressure-regulated ventilation. Although basic knowledge regarding the clinical physiology and management of AP during mechanical ventilation has evolved impressively over the 30 years since DH and AP were first brought to clinical attention, novel and clinically relevant characteristics of this complex phenomenon continue to be described. This discussion reviews some of the more important aspects of AP that bear on the care of the ventilated patient with critical illness.
Environmental exposure to cadmium and risk of cancer: a prospective population-based study
Authors: Tim Nawrot, Michelle Plusquin, Janneke Hogervorst, Harry A Roels, Hilde Celis, Lutgarde Thijs, Jaco Vangronsveld, Etienne Van Hecke, Jan A Staessen
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2006)
A positive autoregulatory loop of Jak-STAT signaling controls the onset of astrogliogenesis
Authors: Fei He, Weihong Ge, Keri Martinowich, Sara Becker-Catania, Volkan Coskun, Wenyu Zhu, Hao Wu, Diogo Castro, Francois Guillemot, Guoping Fan, Jean de Vellis, Yi E Sun
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2005)
The H3K9 methyltransferase G9a is a marker of aggressive ovarian cancer that promotes peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Kuo-Tai Hua, Ming-Yang Wang, Min-Wei Chen, Lin-Hung Wei, Chi-Kuan Chen, Ching-Huai Ko, Yung-Ming Jeng, Pi-Lin Sung, Yi-Hua Jan, Michael Hsiao, Min-Liang Kuo, Men-Luh Yen
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

Ovarian cancer (OCa) peritoneal metastasis is the leading cause of cancer–related deaths in women with limited therapeutic options available for treating it and poor prognosis, as the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The clinicopathological correlation of G9a expression was assessed in tumor specimens of ovarian cancer patients. Knockdown or overexpression of G9a in ovarian cancer cell lines was analysed with regard to its effect on adhesion, migration, invasion and anoikis-resistance. In vivo biological functions of G9a were tested by i.p. xenograft ovarian cancer models. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR were used to analyze G9a-regulated downstream target genes. We found that the expression of histone methyltransferase G9a was highly correlated with late stage, high grade, and serous-type OCa. Higher G9a expression predicted a shorter survival in ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, G9a expression was higher in metastatic lesions compared with their corresponding ovarian primary tumors. Knockdown of G9a expression suppressed prometastatic cellular activities including adhesion, migration, invasion and anoikis-resistance of ovarian cancer cell lines, while G9a over-expression promoted these cellular properties. G9a depletion significantly attenuated the development of ascites and tumor nodules in a peritoneal dissemination model. Importantly, microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that G9a regulates a cohort of tumor suppressor genes including CDH1, DUSP5, SPRY4, and PPP1R15A in ovarian cancer. Expression of these genes was also inversely correlated with G9a expression in OCa specimens. We propose that G9a contributes to multiple steps of ovarian cancer metastasis and represents a novel target to combat this deadly disease.
Optimizing Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Failing Rat Heart—Improved Myocardial Protection With Acute ACE Inhibition
Authors: Bruno K. Podesser, Jan Schirnhofer, Oliver Y. Bernecker, Andreas Kröner, Maximilian Franz, Severin Semsroth, Barbara Fellner, Josef Neumüller, Seth Hallström, Ernst Wolner
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Whereas the number of patients with reduced left ventricular function after myocardial infarction who need revascularization is increasing, the operative outcome is still inadequate. Consequently, drugs that increase myocardial perfusion and decrease oxygen consumption of the remodeled myocardium are of particular interest to cardiac surgeons. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) provide this pharmacologic profile. This study tests the hypothesis whether acute ACE inhibition during cardioplegic arrest improves outcome in failing rat hearts.Male Wistar rats (260+/-15 g) underwent coronary ligation. Ten weeks later the rats had developed heart failure (HF). Hearts were harvested and studied on a red cell-perfused working heart: 60 minutes of ischemia, protected by cold blood cardioplegia (CP) every 20 minutes, and 45 minutes of reperfusion. Rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 1 group receiving the ACE-I quinaprilat with CP (QuinaMI, n=11), and 1 group receiving CP only (MI, n=8). Hemodynamic recovery, high-energy phosphates (HEP), and morphometry were analyzed. Groups showed similar degrees of myocardial infarction (44+/-5 versus 39+/-4% of LVmass), LVEDP (5.0+/-1 versus 4+/-1 mm Hg) and no differences in baseline values such as external heart work (EHW) and coronary flow (CF). At the end of reperfusion, EHW and CF were significantly higher in QuinaMI than MI (P<0.05 and 0.01), LVEDP had returned to baseline in QuinaMI (P<0.01). HEP were significantly higher preserved in QuinaMI than MI (P<0.05).Acute ACE inhibition during CP improves postischemic systolic and diastolic function, coronary perfusion as well as HEP-levels in a rat model of HF. These results may have clinical impact on patients with HF undergoing cardiac surgery.
THE RELATION OF THE INTERNAL SECRETIONS TO THE FEMALE CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: A Paper Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject at the Obstetrical and Gynaecological Section of the Royal Society of Medicine
Authors: W. B. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1913)

r 7 MEDICAL JOURINAL] THE INTERNAL SECRETIONS ADFML IAtCEITC.['V 5the more comiimon becomes this disease in the female sex; whereas general paralysis is common to all grades of society in the male sex, it is very rare in the better and respectable classes of females in all grades of society.Probably these statistics give a rough idea of the relative prevalence of syplhilis in the two sexes.We may conelude, tlherefore, that syphilis is com- paratively commoner in the West End among males and comparatively in the poor East End among females.Seeing that a very considerable number of paralyties in tlle West End do not come into the county asylums, it may be assumed that the ratio of six males to one female is well under the mark.
Retinoic Acid Receptor and Telomerase Catalytic Subunit Expression in Bronchial Epithelium of Heavy Smokers
Authors: J.-C. Soria, X. Xu, D. D. Liu, J. J. Lee, J. Kurie, R. C. Morice, F. Khuri, L. Mao, W. K. Hong, R. Lotan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Expression of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta) and telomerase catalytic subunit (human telomerase reverse transcriptase [hTERT]) was analyzed in 285 bronchial biopsy specimens from 53 heavy cigarette smokers and four former smokers by using in situ hybridization. Of the 191 biopsy specimens that were positive for RAR beta, 69% expressed hTERT, whereas only 54% of the 94 RAR beta negative biopsy specimens expressed hTERT (P =.014). Because hTERT expression in bronchial tissue has been previously associated with increased risk of lung cancer, the association between RAR beta and hTERT expression suggests that RAR beta expression may be an indicator of increased risk of lung cancer in heavy smokers.
AT-41MULTI-CENTER CLINICAL TRIAL OF INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF BEVACIZUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF RADIATION NECROSIS IN THE BRAIN TO OBTAIN NDA APPLICATION FOR ON LABEL USE IN JAPAN
Authors: Shin-Ichi Miyatake, Yoshiki Arakawa, Kazuhiro Miwa, Koji Tsuboi, Toshihiko Iuchi, Shunsuke Terasaka, Yusuke Tabei, Hideo Nakamura, Motoo Nagane, Kazuhiko Sugiyama, Mizuhiko Terasaki, Tatsuya Abe, Akitake Mukasa, Takaaki Beppu, Motomasa Furuse
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Recent radiotherapeutic modalities including particle radiotherapy, IMRT, and SRS are able to irradiate tumor tissue with high absorbed doses. These radiation therapies are promising to provide a longer survival in patients with CNS malignant tumors, compared to conventional X-ray radiotherapy. Simultaneously radiation necrosis (RN) has been a serious problem in such patients. However, there is no effective treatment for progressive RN so far. VEGF has been reported to play an important role in the progression of RN. Some clinical reports including ours demonstrate good results of bevacizumab treatment for RN. However, so far, no country gives a permission to use bevacizumab for symptomatic radiation necrosisin the brain as on label use. We initiated a nation-wide multicenter clinical trial in Japan, with the correct diagnosis of RN by amino-acid PET, to obtain a new drug approval (NDA) applications from Japanese FDA, based on public knowledge. Primary endpoint was the improvement of cerebral edema in periodic MRI. Secondary endpoint were safety, reduction of steroids, improvement of KPS and recurrence rate of RN within a year. The back ground of the patients are as follows; primary brain tumors such as GBM, metastatic brain tumors and head and neck cancers are 28 cases (68.3%), 12 cases (29.3%) and 1 case (2.4%), respectively. Applied radiation modalities are as follows; external beam radio-therapy 17 cases, SES 29 cases, hypo-fractionated IMRT 4 cases, proton beam particle radiation 3 cases and boron neutron capture therapy 1 case. Totally 41 cases of patients' enrollment finished. Last patient, last visit was in April 2014. The results are now opening and hopefully we can present them in SNO meeting.
Intrauterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes Is Associated With Higher Adiposity and Insulin Resistance and Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Indian Children
Authors: Ghattu V. Krishnaveni, Sargoor R. Veena, Jacqueline C. Hill, Sarah Kehoe, Samuel C. Karat, Caroline H.D. Fall
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that maternal gestational diabetes increases cardiovascular risk markers in Indian children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Anthropometry, blood pressure, and glucose/insulin concentrations were measured in 514 children at 5 and 9.5 years of age (35 offspring of diabetic mothers [ODMs], 39 offspring of diabetic fathers [ODFs]). Children of nondiabetic parents were control subjects. RESULTS At age 9.5 years, female ODMs had larger skinfolds (P &amp;lt; 0.001), higher glucose (30 min) and insulin concentrations, and higher homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than control subjects. Male ODMs had higher HOMA (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Associations were stronger than at age 5 years. Female ODFs had larger skinfolds and male ODFs had higher HOMA (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than control subjects; associations were weaker than for ODMs. Associations between outcomes in control subjects and parental BMI, glucose, and insulin concentrations were similar for mothers and fathers. CONCLUSIONS The intrauterine environment experienced by ODMs increases diabetes and cardiovascular risk over genetic factors; the effects strengthen during childhood.
Using the Results of a Baseline and a Surveillance Colonoscopy to Predict Recurrent Adenomas With High-Risk Characteristics
Authors: Douglas J. Robertson, Carol A. Burke, H. Gilbert Welch, Robert W. Haile, Robert S. Sandler, E. Robert Greenberg, Dennis J. Ahnen, Robert S. Bresalier, Richard I. Rothstein, Bernard Cole, Leila A. Mott, John A. Baron
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Suggested intervals for postpolypectomy surveillance colonoscopy are currently based on the adenoma findings from the most recent examination. Objective: To determine the risk for clinically significant adenoma recurrence on the basis of the results of 2 previous colonoscopies. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Academic and private centers in North America. Patients: Participants in an adenoma chemoprevention trial in which all participants had 1 or more adenoma found on complete colonoscopy at entry. For this analysis, only participants whose qualifying adenoma was their first were included. All participants then underwent second and third study colonoscopies at roughly 3-year intervals. Measurements: Proportion of patients with high-risk findings at the third study colonoscopy—either at least 1 advanced (≥1 cm or advanced histology) adenoma or multiple (≥3) adenomas. Results: Fifty-eight of 564 participants (10.3%) had high-risk findings at the third study examination. If the second examination showed high-risk findings, then results from the first examination added no significant information about the probability of high-risk findings on the third examination (18.2% for high-risk findings on the first examination vs. 20.0% for low-risk findings on the first examination; P = 0.78). If the second examination showed no adenomas, then the results from the first examination added significant information about the probability of high-risk findings on the third examination (12.3% if the first examination had high-risk findings vs. 4.9% if the first examination had low-risk findings; P = 0.015). Limitation: This observational study cannot specifically examine adenoma recurrence risk at intervals suggested for patients with low-risk adenomas (for example, 5 years vs. 10 years). Conclusion: Information from 2 previous examinations may help identify low-risk populations that benefit little from intense surveillance. Surveillance guidelines might be tailored in selected patients to use information from 2 previous examinations, not just the most recent one. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Molecular Genetics of the T Cell-Receptor Beta Chain
Authors: Mark M. Davis
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1985)

Characterization of cDNA and genomic clones encoding the Beta chain of the T-cell receptor for antigen reveals a very close resemblance to immunoglobulin: V, D, J, and C elements; the mechanism of rearrangement; and the potential extent of diversity, explaining the relatively large T-cell repertoire of specificities and the clonal nature of individual responses. Differences with immunoglobulins are evident in the much more heterogeneous V beta sequences, which appear to have additional hypervariable regions. Together these data predict a roughly immunoglobulin-like structure for the receptor, but with potentially significant variation from immunoglobulin in the nature of the combining site(s).
Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography
Authors: Gerald W. Smetana, Phillip M. Boiselle, Richard M. Schwartzstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

In December 2013, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for selected current and former smokers. The Task Force based the recommendation primarily on the results of the NLST (National Lung Screening Trial). In this trial, patients randomly assigned to LDCT screening for 3 years had lower rates of both lung cancer–specific mortality and all-cause mortality (relative risk reduction, 6.7% [95% CI, 1.2% to 13.6%]; absolute risk reduction, 0.46% [CI, 0% to 0.9%]). Clinicians and health systems confront questions and challenges as they begin to implement lung cancer screening. This paper summarizes a conference during which an internist and a radiologist discuss the application of the Task Force recommendation to an individual patient.
Airway epithelial cells as guardians of immune homeostasis?
Authors: M Brodlie, K Eger, C M U Hilkens, C Ward
Journal: Thorax (2009)

We read with interest the paper by Wang et al and accompanying editorial by Smyth showing that healthy murine airway epithelial cells (AECs) are potent inhibitors of dendritic cell (DC)-induced T cell activation.1 2 AECs infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lost this regulatory function, allowing activation of T cell responses and airway inflammation.1 These in vitro observations match with the high concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators and cells found clinically in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of infants with RSV bronchiolitis.2 …
Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects
Authors: W. Jiang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The hippocampal dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain contains neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) capable of generating new neurons, i.e., neurogenesis. Most drugs of abuse examined to date decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the effects of cannabis (marijuana or cannabinoids) on hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. This study aimed at investigating the potential regulatory capacity of the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU210 on hippocampal neurogenesis and its possible correlation with behavioral change. We show that both embryonic and adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs are immunoreactive for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, indicating that cannabinoids could act on CB1 receptors to regulate neurogenesis. This hypothesis is supported by further findings that HU210 promotes proliferation, but not differentiation, of cultured embryonic hippocampal NS/PCs likely via a sequential activation of CB1 receptors, G(i/o) proteins, and ERK signaling. Chronic, but not acute, HU210 treatment promoted neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats and exerted anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. X-irradiation of the hippocampus blocked both the neurogenic and behavioral effects of chronic HU210 treatment, suggesting that chronic HU210 treatment produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects likely via promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis.
Extranodal Natural Killer T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal-Type: A Prognostic Model From a Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Jeeyun Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Yeon Hee Park, Young H. Ko, Soo Mee Bang, Jae Hoon Lee, Dae Ho Lee, Jooryung Huh, Sung Yong Oh, Hyuk-Chan Kwon, Hyo Jin Kim, Soon Il Lee, Jung Han Kim, Jinny Park, Seok Joong Oh, Kihyun Kim, Chulwon Jung, Keunchil Park, Won Seog Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Patients with natural killer T (NK/T) -cell lymphomas have poor survival outcome, and for this condition there is no optimal therapy. The purpose of this study was to design a prognostic model specifically for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, which can identify high-risk patients who need more aggressive therapy. Patients and Methods This multicenter retrospective study was comprised of 262 patients who were diagnosed with NK/T-cell lymphoma. Results After a median follow-up duration of 51.2 months, 5-year overall survival rate in 262 patients was 49.5%. Prognostic factors for survival were “B” symptoms (P = .0003; relative risk, 2.202; 95% CI, 1.446 to 3.353), stage (P = .0006; relative risk, 2.366; 95% CI, 1.462 to 3.828), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (P = .0005; relative risk, 2.278; 95% CI, 1.442 to 3.598), and regional lymph nodes (P = .0044; relative risk, 1.546; 95% CI, 1.009 to 2.367). Of 262 patients, 219 had complete information on four parameters. We identified four different risk groups: group 1, no adverse factor; group 2, one factor; group 3, two factors; and group 4, three or four factors. The new model showed a superior prognostic discrimination as compared with the International Prognostic Index (IPI). Notably, the distribution of patients was balanced when a new model was adopted (group 1, 27%; group 2, 31%; group 3, 20%; group 4, 22%), whereas 81% of patients were categorized as low or low-intermediate risks using IPI. Conclusion The newly proposed model for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma demonstrated a more balanced distribution of patients into four groups with better prognostic discrimination as compared with the IPI.