tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parainfluenza 3 Infection Blocks the Ability of a Beta Adrenergic Receptor Agonist to Inhibit Antigen-induced Contraction of Guinea Pig Isolated Airway Smooth Muscle
Authors: C. K. Buckner, D. E. Clayton, A. A. Ain-Shoka, W. W. Busse, E. C. Dick, P. Shult
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Guinea pigs, actively sensitized to ovalbumin, were inoculated by nasal insufflation with parainfluenza 3 or virus growth medium 4 d before performing in vitro pharmacological studies on tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle. In each airway segment, cumulative dose-response effects of ovalbumin were obtained in the absence and presence of a maximally effective concentration of a beta adrenergic receptor agonist, sulfonterol. Sulfonterol shifted the dose-response curve to the right and reduced the maximum smooth muscle contractile response to ovalbumin. Virus infection did not alter the dose-response effects of ovalbumin. However, the magnitude of the inhibitory effects of sulfonterol was smaller in segments taken from animals inoculated with virus. Blockade by virus infection of the inhibitory effect of sulfonterol was reversed when the concentrations of beta agonist were increased. Sulfonterol did not alter the dose-response effects of histamine at any of the concentrations that markedly antagonized the effects of ovalbumin. Virus infection did not alter the sensitivities to sulfonterol or papaverine in producing relaxation in either airway segment. The magnitude of relaxation produced by papaverine was significantly larger in bronchial rings taken from animals infected with virus for 4 d, but there was no alteration by virus of the dose-response effects of histamine or carbachol. In experiments measuring antigen-induced release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis and histamine from minced lung, virus infection did not alter the sensitivity or the maximum effects of ovalbumin. Also, the ability of sulfonterol to inhibit the release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis and histamine was not affected by virus infection.
Age-dependent Requirement for γδ T Cells in the Primary but Not Secondary Protective Immune Response against an Intestinal Parasite
Authors: Elizabeth Ramsburg, Robert Tigelaar, Joe Craft, Adrian Hayday
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Between weaning (3 wk of age) and adulthood (7 wk of age), mice develop increased resistance to infection with Eimeria vermiformis, an abundant intestinal parasite that causes coccidiosis. This development of resistance was perturbed in T cell receptor (TCR)δ−/− mice, which at 4 wk of age remained largely susceptible to infection and prone to infection-associated dehydration. These phenotypes were rescued by the repopulation of γδ cells after adoptive transfer of lymphoid progenitors into newborn recipients. Because αβ T cells are necessary and sufficient for the protection of adult mice against E. vermiformis, the requirement for γδ cells in young mice shows a qualitative difference between the cellular immune responses operating at different ages. An important contribution toward primary immune protection in young hosts may have provided a strong selective pressure for the evolutionary conservation of γδ cells. This notwithstanding, the development of effective, pathogen-specific immunity in young mice requires αβ T cells, just as it does in adult mice.
Haemodynamics during a complete exercise induced atrioventricular block
Authors: A Crisafulli, F Melis, A C Lai, V Orrù, C Lai, A Concu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

The case is reported of an athlete who, during an exercise test, had a complete atrioventricular block without symptoms of cardiac output failure. Heart rate, stroke index, cardiac index, and myocardial contractility were monitored during the episode by an impedance cardiograph. The most important findings of this report are the continuous increase in stroke index, which compensated for the lack of heart rate response, and the normal cardiac index values achieved during the exercise. This stroke index response was mainly due to an increase in myocardial contractility.
Scurvy
Authors: Denis Sasseville
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The impact of radiation therapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with positive post-chemotherapy FDG–PET or gallium-67 scans
Authors: J.A. Dorth, J.P. Chino, L.R. Prosnitz, L.F. Diehl, A.W. Beaven, R.E. Coleman, C.R. Kelsey
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Glibenclamide effects on reperfusion-induced malignant arrhythmias and left ventricular mechanical recovery from stunning in conscious sheep
Authors: Héctor Fabián del Valle, Elena Catalina Lascano, Jorge Antonio Negroni, Alberto José Crottogini
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Sulfonylureas have been associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular death in diabetic patients treated with these drugs. Although the evidence on the cardiovascular effects of sulfonylureas is contradictory and scarce, many experiments have shown that the second-generation compound glibenclamide has a protective effect on mechanical function and against generation of malignant arrhythmias.The purpose of this study was to assess whether glibenclamide elicits protection on postischemic myocardial functional recovery (stunning) and against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in a conscious sheep model.Sheep were divided into three groups: control, glibenclamide (0.4 mg/kg) and vehicle. After a 12-min ischemic period, the heart was reperfused and recordings for index calculation were acquired during 2 h of reperfusion. Percent systolic wall thickening fraction (%WTH), radial diastolic compliance (CR), arrhythmia incidence and Bernauer's arrhythmia severity index (ASI) were calculated for each group.Glibenclamide infusion had a high proarrhythmic action (ASI: glibenclamide 143, control 54 and vehicle 23; ANOVA P < 0.001 drug vs. control and vehicle) and a detrimental effect on regional systolic (%WTH: glibenclamide 26.9 +/- 6.7, control 65.7 +/- 3.5 and vehicle 68.6 +/- 5.6, ANOVA P < 0.01 drug vs. control and vehicle) and diastolic function (CR: glibenclamide 76.2 +/- 7.8, control 104.7 +/- 4.2 and vehicle 106 +/- 4.9, ANOVA P < 0.05 drug vs. control and vehicle) during reperfusion.Glibenclamide infusion resulted in adverse cardiovascular effects. The combined deleterious effects on reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and on myocardial recovery from stunning could be the cause of the unexplained high mortality in diabetic patients treated with sulfonylurea derivatives. The mechanism involved seems to be the blockade of the cardiac ATP sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel.
First report of vertical transmission of a somatic<i>NLRP3</i>mutation in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes
Authors: Santiago Jiménez-Treviño, Eva González-Roca, Estibaliz Ruiz-Ortiz, Jordi Yagüe, Eduardo Ramos, Juan Ignacio Aróstegui
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are rare autoinflammatory diseases caused by dominantly inherited or de novo gain-of-function NLRP3 mutations. They include familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome and chronic infantile neurological, cutaneous and articular syndrome.1 The NLRP3 gene encodes cryopyrin, a key component of the cytosolic complex termed inflammasome, which generates the active form of interleukin (IL)-1s. Previous studies showed an uncontrolled IL-1s overproduction in CAPS, representing the basis from which to treat these patients with IL-1 blockade.1–3 

The important role of somatic NLRP3 mutations in CAPS has been recently shown.4 However, as occurs in most Mendelian diseases, no data are available concerning the presence of low-level somatic NLRP3 mosaicism in parents of CAPS patients. To address this issue we performed massively parallel DNA …
Maternal Inheritance Pattern of Hereditary Pancreatitis in Patients With Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: M. M. Lerch, I. Ellis, D. C. Whitcomb, V. Keim, P. Simon, N. Howes, S. Rutherford, W. Domschke, C. Imrie, J. P. Neoptolemos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)
Neutropenia in rheumatoid arthritis: studies on possible contributing factors.
Authors: R C Bucknall, P Davis, P A Bacon, J V Jones
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Twenty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neutropenia, of whom 19 had a palpable spleen, were compared with 24 patients with uncomplicated RA, and 16 patients with RA and associated splenomegaly without neutropenia. Clinically patients with neutropenia had evidence of a more systemic disease as assessed by prevalence of rheumatoid nodules, weight loss, and recurrent infections. However, there was less evidence of active synovitis than in the other 2 groups. Marrow neutrophil reserve was studied by means of a hydrocortisone stimulation test and was found to be lower in all 3 groups than in normal persons but with most marked depletion in the neutropenic group. Removal of the spleen in some patients with neutropenia resulted in a significant increase in marrow neutrophil reserve. Circulating immune complexes as detected by anticomplementary activity and platelet aggregation tests were detected in 68% of the RA neutropenia group, 31% of the RA splenomegaly group, and 8% of the uncomplicated RA group. Our results show that, assessed both clinically and by the above tests, patients with neutropenia have a greater prevalence of abnormalities which may be directly related to their neutropenia. Patients with splenomegaly alone closely resemble patients with uncomplicated RA.
emPHasis-10: development of a health-related quality of life measure in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Janelle Yorke, Paul Corris, Sean Gaine, J. Simon R. Gibbs, David G. Kiely, Carl Harries, Val Pollock, Iain Armstrong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The aim of this study was to develop a measure of the impact of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as there is a need for a short, validated instrument that can be used in routine clinical practice. Interviews were conducted with 30 PH patients to derive 32 statements, which were presented as a semantic differential six-point scale (0–5), with contrasting adjectives at each end. This item list was completed by patients attending PH clinics across the UK and Ireland. Rasch analysis was applied to identify items fitting a uni-dimensional model. 226 patients (mean age 55.6±14 years; 70% female) with PH (82% had pulmonary arterial hypertension) completed the study questionnaires. 10 of the 32 items demonstrated fit to the Rasch model (Chi-squared 16; p&gt;0.05) and generated the emPHasis-10 questionnaire. Test–retest (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.95, n=33) and internal consistency (Chronbach’s α=0.9) were strong. emPHasis-10 scores correlated consistently with other relevant measures and discriminated subgroups of patients stratified by World Health Organization functional class (ANOVA F=1.73; p&lt;0.001). The emPHasis-10 is a short questionnaire for assessing HRQoL in pulmonary arterial hypertension. It has excellent measurement properties and is sensitive to differences in relevant clinical parameters. It is freely available for clinical and academic use.
Tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor in the epidermis
Authors: K. HASHIMOTO, I. KATAYAMA, K. NISHIOKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

The presence of a tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor in the epidermis was investigated. A partially purified tissue plasminogen activator from a Bowes melanoma cell line medium was used as a tissue plasminogen activator. Extracts of epidermis dissolved in a 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, were found to contain a tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor. The same extracts also contained a urokinase inhibitor. It is not clear whether these inhibitors are the same. This study is the first to show the existence of a tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor in the epidermis.
Chipping Away
Authors: Michael A. Fischer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Simvastatin reduces MMP-3 level in interleukin 1 stimulated human chondrocyte culture
Authors: P E Lazzerini, P L Capecchi, F Nerucci, A Fioravanti, F Chellini, M Piccini, S Bisogno, R Marcolongo, F Laghi Pasini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objectives:</b> Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by chondrocytes play a role in the development of cartilage degradation in joint diseases. Moreover, inhibition of MMP secretion by macrophages accumulating in arteriosclerotic plaques would account for the plaque stabilising activity of statins in cardiovascular patients. Recently, simvastatin has been shown to inhibit both developing and established collagen induced arthritis in a murine model. We thus decided to investigate the effect of simvastatin on the production of MMP-3 from cultured interleukin (IL)1 stimulated human chondrocytes. <b>Methods:</b> Cells from human cartilage, obtained from eight subjects with osteoarthritis undergoing surgery for total hip prostheses, were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of simvastatin (5, 10, and 50 μmol/l) with and without IL1β (5 ng/ml). MMP-3 level was measured in the culture medium after 48 h of incubation. <b>Results:</b> IL1β stimulation of chondrocytes increased MMP-3 concentration in the cultures (from 0.69 (0.09) to 1.94 (0.12) ng/μg protein). Incubation with simvastatin was associated with a dose dependent reduction in MMP-3 increase, both in the presence (−15%, −17%, and −26% with 5, 10, and 50 μmol/l, respectively) and in the absence (−32% with 50 μmol/l) of IL1β. The inhibiting effect of simvastatin was completely reversed by the addition of mevalonate (100 μmol/l) or farnesol (10 μmol/l). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our data show that simvastatin, by blocking HMGCoA-reductase and interfering in the prenylation processes, is able to inhibit MMP-3 production from cultured human chondrocytes that have been either unstimulated or stimulated with IL1β, thus suggesting a possible additional mechanism for statins in counteracting chronic joint disease related cartilage damage.
Intestinal Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: PHILLIP D. SMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

To determine the frequency of pathogenic gastrointestinal microorganisms in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and diarrhea, and to determine if treatment for identifiable microorganisms improves symptoms.Prospective, consecutive sample study.Referral-based clinic and wards, National Institutes of Health.Twenty of twenty-two consecutive homosexual males with AIDS and diarrhea, and 10 homosexual males with AIDS without diarrhea.All patients had a complete physical examination; serial stool examinations for viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan pathogens; and esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy to obtain duodenal fluid and mucosal tissue to analyze for enteric pathogens or histopathology. Patients with diarrhea had a malabsorption evaluation. Patients with treatable pathogenic microorganisms received standard antimicrobial therapy.The 20 patients with AIDS and diarrhea had greater weight loss, lower mean numbers of helper-inducer (OKT4) lymphocytes, and a higher incidence of extraintestinal opportunistic infections than the 10 patients without diarrhea. One or more enteric pathogen was identified in 17 of 20 patients (85%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 65% to 96%) with diarrhea. Only 1 patient without diarrhea was infected with an enteric pathogen. Nineteen of twenty patients with diarrhea and all 10 patients without diarrhea had chronic inflammatory changes in their intestinal biopsy specimens. Sixteen patients with identifiable enteric pathogens and diarrhea were treated; 11 (69%; 95% CI, 43% to 87%) showed microbiologic, histologic, or clinical improvement.Thorough diagnostic evaluation can lead to the identification of enteric pathogens in a high percentage of patients with AIDS and diarrhea. Specific therapy can lead to symptomatic improvement.
Autoantibodies from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis recognize a restricted region within the cytoplasmic tail of nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein Gp210.
Authors: R E Nickowitz, H J Worman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) frequently have autoantibodies against a 210-kD integral glycoprotein of the nuclear envelope pore membrane. This protein, termed gp210, has a 1,783-amino acid amino-terminal domain located in the perinuclear space, a 20-amino acid transmembrane segment, and a 58-amino acid cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal tail. We now demonstrate that autoantibodies from 25 patients with PBC that recognize gp210 react with the cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal tail while none react with unmodified linear epitopes in the amino-terminal domain. The epitope(s) recognized by autoantibodies from all 25 patients is contained within a stretch of 15 amino acids. The recognized amino acid sequence is homologous to the protein products of the Escherichia coli mutY gene and Salmonella typhimurium mutB gene with an exact identity of six consecutive amino acids, suggesting that anti-gp210 antibodies may arise by molecular mimicry of bacterial antigenic determinants.
Oocyte-secreted factors: regulators of cumulus cell function and oocyte quality
Authors: Robert B. Gilchrist, Michelle Lane, Jeremy G. Thompson
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2008)

Oocyte quality is a key limiting factor in female fertility, yet we have a poor understanding of what constitutes oocyte quality or the mechanisms governing it. The ovarian follicular microenvironment and maternal signals, mediated primarily through granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus cells (CCs), are responsible for nurturing oocyte growth, development and the gradual acquisition of oocyte developmental competence. However, oocyte–GC/CC communication is bidirectional with the oocyte secreting potent growth factors that act locally to direct the differentiation and function of CCs. Two important oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs) are growth-differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15, which activate signaling pathways in CCs to regulate key genes and cellular processes required for CC differentiation and for CCs to maintain their distinctive phenotype. Hence, oocytes appear to tightly control their neighboring somatic cells, directing them to perform functions required for appropriate development of the oocyte. This oocyte–CC regulatory loop and the capacity of oocytes to regulate their own microenvironment by OSFs may constitute important components of oocyte quality. In support of this notion, it has recently been demonstrated that supplementing oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) media with exogenous OSFs improves oocyte developmental potential, as evidenced by enhanced pre- and post-implantation embryo development. This new perspective on oocyte–CC interactions is improving our knowledge of the processes regulating oocyte quality, which is likely to have a number of applications, including improving the efficiency of clinical IVM and thereby providing new options for the treatment of infertility.
Testing Reminder and Motivational Telephone Calls to Increase Screening Mammography: a Randomized Study
Authors: Stephen H. Taplin, William E. Barlow, Evette Ludman, Richard MacLehos, Dolores M. Meyer, Deborah Seger, Douglas Herta, Craig Chin, Susan Curry
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Prospective randomized trials have demonstrated that motivational telephone calls increase adherence to screening mammography. To better understand the effects of motivational calls and to maximize adherence, we conducted a randomized trial among women aged 50-79 years.We created a stratified random sample of 5062 women due for mammograms within the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, including 4099 women with prior mammography and 963 without it. We recruited and surveyed 3743 (74%) of the women before mailing a recommendation. After 2 months, 1765 (47%) of the 3743 women had not scheduled a mammogram and were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: a reminder post-card group (n = 590), a reminder telephone call group (n = 585), and a motivational telephone call addressing barriers group (n = 590). The telephone callers could schedule mammography. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for documented mammography use by 1 year.Women who received reminder calls were more likely to get mammograms (HR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.6-2.4) than women who were mailed postcards. The motivational and reminder calls (average length, 8.5 and 3.1 minutes, respectively) had equivalent effects (HR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.8-1.2). After we controlled for the intervention effect, women with prior mammography (n = 1277) were much more likely to get a mammogram (HR = 3.4; 95% CI = 2.7-4.3) than women without prior use (n = 488). Higher income, but not race or more education, was associated with higher adherence.Reminding women to schedule an appointment was as efficacious as addressing barriers. Simple intervention groups should be included as comparison groups in randomized trials so that we better understand more complex intervention effects.