tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistent measles virus genome in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: Cause or coincidence?
Authors: Francis L. Black
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

A radiolabelled 50-base oligonucleotide complementary with the measles virus gene encoding the nucleocapsid was used as a probe to identify persistent measles virus genome in the lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AICAH). Positive hybrids were found in 12 of 18 patients, and correlated strongly with high antibody titers to measles. Among the 45 controls, positive hybrids were found in one patient with measles, 1 of 3 patients with lupus erythematosis and 2 of 4 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. Persistence of part of the measles virus genome in AICAH may have important implications in the pathogenesis of the liver disease, and possibly in other disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosis, multiple sclerosis and Paget’s disease where an abnormal immune response to measles has been observed.
Effectiveness and Safety of Drug-Eluting Stents in Ontario
Authors: Jack V. Tu, James Bowen, Maria Chiu, Dennis T. Ko, Peter C. Austin, Yaohua He, Robert Hopkins, Jean-Eric Tarride, Gord Blackhouse, Charles Lazzam, Eric A. Cohen, Ron Goeree
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The placement of drug-eluting stents decreases the frequency of repeat revascularization procedures in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in randomized clinical trials. However, there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents, and increasing concern about their safety, in routine clinical practice.From the Cardiac Care Network of Ontario's population-based clinical registry of all patients undergoing PCI in Ontario, Canada, we identified a well-balanced cohort of 3751 pairs of patients, matched on the basis of propensity score, who received either bare-metal stents alone or drug-eluting stents alone during an index PCI procedure between December 1, 2003, and March 31, 2005. The primary outcomes of the study were the rates of target-vessel revascularization, myocardial infarction, and death.The 2-year rate of target-vessel revascularization was significantly lower among patients who received drug-eluting stents than among those who received bare-metal stents (7.4% vs. 10.7%, P<0.001). Drug-eluting stents were associated with significant reductions in the rate of target-vessel revascularization among patients with two or three risk factors for restenosis (i.e., presence of diabetes, small vessels [<3 mm in diameter], and long lesions [> or =20 mm]) but not among lower-risk patients. The 3-year mortality rate was significantly higher in the bare-metal-stent group than in the drug-eluting-stent group (7.8% vs. 5.5%, P<0.001), whereas the 2-year rate of myocardial infarction was similar in the two groups (5.2% and 5.7%, respectively; P=0.95).Drug-eluting stents are effective in reducing the need for target-vessel revascularization in patients at highest risk for restenosis, without a significantly increased rate of death or myocardial infarction.
205 LONG TERM OUTCOMES OF PORTOPULMONARY HYPERTENSION (POPH) AFTER ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (OLT)
Authors: S.A. Khaderi, R. Khan, B.J. Blow, Z. Safdar, J.M. Vierling, R.J. Stribling, J.A. Goss, N.L. Sussman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The Sialylated Fraction Of IVIg Suppresses Th2-driven Airway Inflammation Via The Induction Of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
Authors: A. Massoud, A. Ablona, C. Piccirillo, W. Mourad, B. Mazer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)

RATIONALE: AMG 853, an orally bioavailable small molecule that inhibits binding of PGD 2 to receptors DP1 and CRTH2, was investigated as treatment for inadequately controlled asthma in this randomized, doubleblind, multiple-dose phase 2 study.Primary objective was to determine the effectiveness of AMG 853 compared with placebo as measured by Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score change from baseline at week 12. Key secondary endpoint was change in prebronchodilator FEV 1 .METHODS: Adult subjects with percent-predicted FEV 1 50280%, inhaled steroids of 20021000mcg/day of fluticasone or equivalent, were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive 5, 25, or 100 mg AMG 853 BID; 200 mg AMG 853 QD; or placebo for 12 weeks.LABA were not allowed during the treatment period.Change in ACQ score was analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model.RESULTS: 352 subjects completed 12 weeks of treatment.At week 12, mean changes from baseline in ACQ scores were -0.541, -0.555, -0.444, -0.498, -0.492 and for percent-predicted FEV 1 were 1.462, 1.019, -0.518, 1.288, 0.896 (5 mg, 25 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and placebo).BID treatment did not differ from placebo on changes in ACQ and FEV1 (P50.77;P50.34).No subgroup (including segregating by tertiles of baseline ACQ, bronchodilator reversibility, FeNO, ICS dose, blood eosinophilia) demonstrated increased efficacy.No treatment or dose-dependent imbalances in adverse events were observed.CONCLUSIONS: Although AMG 853 demonstrated no associated risks for subjects, no significant improvements in both ACQ scores and prebronchodilator FEV 1 from baseline to week 12 were observed as compared with placebo.
Patent Processus Vaginalis
Authors: PEDRO T. VIECO, JERRY STERN, SALLY HERSCHORN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A 31-year-old male patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for three months developed gradually worsening right scrotal swelling. Symptoms became worse on standing. To assess the possibility of a patent processus vaginalis, 4 mCi of Tc-99m SC was infused with the patient's dialysate. This examination clearly demonstrated the abdominal wall defect. To prevent the development of an indirect inguinal hernia, operative ligation of the patent processus vaginalis was performed, causing relief of the patient's symptoms.
Acne Necrotica due to Phenylbutazone
Authors: G. A. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1959)

BDUH JO'R 13 rash and diarrhoea on November 12 and all drugs were discontinued on November 15.As there had been no improvement, she was admitted to hospital on November 18.On examination she was grossly thyrotoxic, being extremely restless and excitable.The pulse rate was 120 per minute.The whole body was covered with a profuse, red maculo-papular rash.Some of the papules were follicular, but there was no purpura.The mouth and throat were erythematous, with numerous small areas of ulceration.No lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly was present.There was no pyrexia on admission.The white cell count was
Increased Intrapulmonary Oxygen Consumption in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Pneumonia
Authors: MARIO HENSEL, WOLFGANG J. KOX
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Pulmonary oxygen consumption (V˙ o 2pulm) is believed to be increased in patients with lung infection. In the present study, V˙ o 2pulm was estimated from the difference between total oxygen consumption measured with indirect calorimetry (V˙ o 2cal) and oxygen consumption assessed with the reverse Fick method (V˙ o 2Fick). Seventy-five patients requiring mechanical ventilation were included, and were divided for analysis into two groups according to the existence (n = 41) or absence (n = 34) of pneumonia. V˙ o 2pulm was correlated with various parameters of impaired lung function. To assess the metabolic function of the lung, the differences in lactate and glucose concentrations at different arterial–mixed venous concentrations were determined and transpulmonary lactate flux as well as glucose flux was calculated. As compared with V˙ o 2pulm in patients without pneumonia (19.4 ± 1.2 ml/ min/m2), V˙ o 2pulm was significantly increased in patients with pneumonia (50.7 ± 1.7 ml/min/m2 (p < 0.001). For intrapatient measurements of V˙ o 2pulm, a sufficient reproducibility was achieved. V˙ o 2pulm increased with the lung injury score, number of afflicted lobes, venous admixture, the transpulmonary lactate flux, and the transpulmonary glucose flux, respectively. We speculate that the increased V˙ o 2pulm of infected lungs is due to different mechanisms, including increased oxidative metabolism by essentially extrapulmonary structures such as neutrophils and macrophages, as well as by changes in the metabolic function of lung tissue itself.
AMP as a Low-Energy Charge Signal Autonomously Initiates Assembly of AXIN-AMPK-LKB1 Complex for AMPK Activation
Authors: Ya-Lin Zhang, Huiling Guo, Chen-Song Zhang, Shu-Yong Lin, Zhenyu Yin, Yongying Peng, Hui Luo, Yuzhe Shi, Guili Lian, Cixiong Zhang, Mengqi Li, Zhiyun Ye, Jing Ye, Jiahuai Han, Peng Li, Jia-Wei Wu, Sheng-Cai Lin
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Dizziness and vertigo.
Authors: H M Towler
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Dizziness and vertigo are common complaints.The terms cover various sensations, and the distinction between the two is not clear.Careful inquiry into the patient's history is ofparamount importance as this may establish the diagnosis when examination yields normal results.Vertigo indicates vestibular dysfunction and is usually defined as a sense of rotation of either the patient or his environment.This rigid definition, however, excludes patients with vestibular dys- function who feel only a sensation of imbalance or disequilibrium in the head.Imbalance felt in the legs usually results from a cerebellar or proprioceptive deficit or from weakness of the legs.Dizziness, a feeling of impending loss of consciousness, is usually vascular in origin.Postural hypotension, cardiac dysrrhythmia such as in Adams-Stokes disease, low cardiac output resulting from valvular disease, or ventricular dysfunction may all present in this manner.The remainder of patients with dizziness may describe their symptoms in vague terms, such as "light headedness," "a fear of falling," or "a swimming sensation"; a common aetiology here is emotional disturbance.Vertigo of acute onset, and particularly when the labyrinth is affected, is characteristically rotatory and often associated with constitutional upset such as nausea, vomiting, or sweating.If the onset is gradual central compensation can occur and disequilibrium is the predominant complaint.The clinician should ask about symptoms of middle ear disease, deafness, tinnitus, headache, or focal neurological dysfunction and ascertain whether symptoms are provoked by specific movements-for example, of the head or neck-or changes of posture.The duration of symptoms and any particular pattern of recurrence should be established.Many drugs may cause dizziness and, less commonly, vertigo.Drugs that are directly vestibulotoxic, such as aminoglycosides, tend to cause disequilibrium as damage is predominantly bilateral.Rotatory vertigo, however, may occasionally develop as a result of unilateral toxicity.The inappropriate use of labyrinthine sedatives may aggravate dizziness, particularly in elderly people.Examination should be directed by history.Anaemia or polycythaemia may be apparent.The ears should be carefully examined, hearing tested, and tuning fork tests performed.The eyes should be examined closely for nystagmus or ocular paresis and the pupillary responses and corneal reflexes tested.Fundoscopy may show such abnormalities as papilloedema, papillitis, or optic atrophy.Positional testing for nystagmus and vertigo should be performed as follows.The patient sits upright on a couch with his gaze fixed on the examiner's forehead; his head is then briskly and simultaneously rotated through 450 and lowered to 30°below horizontal beyond the end of the couch.Both directions of rotation are tested and the eyes scrutinised for nystagmus.There are two positive responses.Most commonly, severe vertigo and nystagmus towards the lower ear
The Current Status of Laetrile
Authors: Robert T. Dorr, James Paxinos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Amygdalin at various concentrations and with numerous impurities is the most common cyanogenic glycoside found in laetrile samples. Its chemical properties were first described in 1837, and pharmacologic studies have shown that ultimately it is broken down to HCN, benzaldehyde, and glucose by enzymes found in gut bacteria but not intracellularly in humans. Fatal and nonfatal toxicities to orally ingested cyanogenic glycosides have been reported worldwide. We review here the signs and symptoms of acute cyanide toxicity and its treatment. Substantial in-vitro and in-vivo testing in animal tumor systems has shown that amygdalin is entirely devoid of significant anticancer activity. Control animals often have lived longer than those treated with various doses and schedules of amygdalin. Acceptable clinical studies in humans are lacking, but such ventures would appear to be contraindicated from animal studies and observed human toxicities. We also discuss current legal-judicial aspects of laetrile therapy for cancer.
Folate Levels and Neural Tube Defects
Authors: Leslie E. Daly
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Using data from a recent case-control study, a woman's risk of having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD) was found to be associated with early pregnancy red cell folate levels in a continuous dose-response relationship. These findings were used to calculate the reduction in NTD cases that would be expected under two different strategies to raise folate levels. Targeting high-risk individuals has a small effect on the population prevalence but can substantially change an individual's risk. Targeting the population produces a small change in individual risk but has a large effect on the population prevalence. Supplementation of high-risk women would be the most efficient method to implement the high-risk strategy, while food fortification would be preferable for the population approach. The current guidelines for the prevention of NTD are for an increased folic acid intake of 0.4 mg per day. This would result in a 48% reduction in NTDs, which may be near optimal. The two intervention strategies should be considered complementary in prevention of NTDs.
Prevalence of Fabry Disease in a Cohort of 508 Unrelated Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lorenzo Monserrat, Juan Ramón Gimeno-Blanes, Francisco Marín, Manuel Hermida-Prieto, Antonio García-Honrubia, Inmaculada Pérez, Xusto Fernández, Rosario de Nicolas, Gonzalo de la Morena, Eduardo Payá, Jordi Yagüe, Jesús Egido
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Landscaper seeks remunerative position
Authors: R J PLAYFORD
Journal: Gut (2001)

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an inherited genetic defect resulting in production of multiple hamartomas, some of which subsequently develop into carcinomas.About 30% of these patients are known to have a heterozygotic defect in the SMAD4 gene that codes for a mediator of transforming growth factor beta signalling.The loss of one of the two normal SMAD4 alleles is not thought to be suYcient to induce hamartomas but requires the additional loss of the residual normal allele as a secondary event.In patients with JPS, the hamartomas were thought to result from loss of the second normal allele in stem cells that produced stromal cells and equally importantly, that the overlying epithelium continued to have one copy of the normal allele.On this basis, the subsequent development of carcinoma of the epithelium was considered to be due to the epithelial cells being positioned in a highly abnormal microenvironment ("soil", hence landscaper theory).In this paper, Woodford-Richens et al used fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) directed against the SMAD4 gene to probe individual cells of the polyps to determine which had lost both copies of SMAD4.They found that cells of the stroma and epithelium, but not the inflammatory infiltrate, had lost both alleles.A complicated theory involving "cross talk" between a normal overlying epithelium and an abnormal stroma does, therefore, not have to be invoked to explain why the epithelial cells subsequently undergo malignant transformation.In addition, the finding of identical secondary genetic defects in both the epithelium and stroma of the hamartomas suggests that they originate from the same stem cells and not from distinct lineages as previously thought.
Arthritis and I
Authors: Ruth Bendor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

On Being a Patient20 July 1999Arthritis and IRuth BendorRuth BendorBerkeley, CA 94708-1351 (Bendor)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-2-199907200-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Dear physician and friend Guy,You asked that I write a few words about the arthritis that has been my constant companion for 30 years. I demurred, as you know, at the prospect of attempting to convey a satisfactory picture of the disease as I've experienced it. However, because I have received your assurance that any effort I make will be welcome, I shall dare to try.Arthritis means ever-increasing pain and stiffness with ever-decreasing physical competence, bodily joy, and ease. I am not saying that the pain increases each and every day; it invariably plateaus and then continues on ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Berkeley, CA 94708-1351 (Bendor) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byApplying the biopsychosocial model to the management of rheumatic diseaseComorbidities in rheumatoid arthritisLife on the Receiving End: A Qualitative Analysis of Health Providers??? Illness NarrativesMeasuring Process of Arthritis Care: The Arthritis Foundation’s Quality Indicator Set for Rheumatoid ArthritisAddressing psychological and social issues of rheumatoid arthritis within the consultation: a case reportPhenomenological Lived Experience of Patients With Rheumatoid ArthritisMeasuring quality in arthritis care: Methods for developing the Arthritis Foundation's quality indicator set 20 July 1999Volume 131, Issue 2Page: 150-152KeywordsArthritisEmotionsExerciseHeartMusclesMyalgiaShouldersSteroidsStiffnessTouch Issue Published: 20 July 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Antiarrhythmic and haemodynamic effects of tiapamil, a new calcium antagonist, during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in dogs
Authors: B. M SHARGORODSKY, S. BRAUN, B. BELHASSEN, S. LANIADO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The antiarrhythmic and haemodynamic effects of tiapamil, a new calcium antagonist, were studied in 28 anaesthetised open chest dogs. Tiapamil (2 mg·kg−1 intravenously over 5 min) was infused 15 min before a 20 min ligature of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 11 dogs. In 17 dogs physiological solution was given instead of tiapamil. In this control group, ventricular fibrillation developed during coronary occlusion in 14 (82%) dogs and after coronary reperfusion in seven of 9 (77%) dogs, which reached this stage. In contrast, in the dogs pretreated with tiapamil, ventricular fibrillation did not develop during coronary occlusion in any of the 11 dogs and did develop after coronary reperfusion in only one (9%). In addition, tiapamil appreciably decreased heart rate and blood pressure and increased cardiac output and stroke volume. These antiarrhythmic and haemodynamic effects of tiapamil suggest that this drug would be useful in the management of patients with coronary artery disease.
201 Hepatitis B associated vasculitis in Alaska natives: Viral genotype, clinical and serologic outcome and incidence of new cases over time after initiation of hepatitis B vaccination program
Authors: K HURLBURT, B MCMAHON, J SIMONETTI, L BULKOW, M SNOWBALL, V CHULANOV, O NAINAN, H MARGOLIS, J WILLIAMS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
THE USE OF EPHEDRINE IN ASTHMA AND WHOOPING-COUGH
Authors: H. H. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1929)

THI DLm 293rare cases careful observation of the conditions imml-lediately preCedling aii.a-ttack of asthma may lead to the discovery of the snbl)stani e responsible; it may be the presence of a cat, or a horse, or a feather pillow, ior the inlgestioin of somie food.These eases are ery rare, it ill thiemi pro- plIvlaxis by avoiding conitact witlh the .substance to -which tlGeNare selnsitive is niot, as a rule, difficujlt.If thlere is Hio suchl clue to the, specific allergen responsible, it is scarl(ely Iworthi while to attempt its detection by protein skin tests.Tille roesults in almeoq.all ,cases are'equivocal in somiie cases a reatctiono is obtained with a large niniml)er of substances, in otletrl with ilioic ol thle substances used.'rhere is, how- ecc(l', go')( reason to 1ielieve that in the.great ma jolity of ecasts tihle aillhrgian I-Illilch is caulsinig attlacks of asthlmla is inhaled,.to i hle abs;ence of a specific diqg-no,,sis, it i9 ouir
Glucolipotoxicity: Fuel Excess and β-Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Vincent Poitout, R. Paul Robertson
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

Glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and glucolipotoxicity are secondary phenomena that are proposed to play a role in all forms of type 2 diabetes. The underlying concept is that once the primary pathogenesis of diabetes is established, probably involving both genetic and environmental forces, hyperglycemia and very commonly hyperlipidemia ensue and thereafter exert additional damaging or toxic effects on the beta-cell. In addition to their contribution to the deterioration of beta-cell function after the onset of the disease, elevations of plasma fatty acid levels that often accompany insulin resistance may, as glucose levels begin to rise outside of the normal range, also play a pathogenic role in the early stages of the disease. Because hyperglycemia is a prerequisite for lipotoxicity to occur, the term glucolipotoxicity, rather than lipotoxicity, is more appropriate to describe deleterious effects of lipids on beta-cell function. In vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the concept of glucotoxicity is presented first, as well as a description of the underlying mechanisms with an emphasis on the role of oxidative stress. Second, we discuss the functional manifestations of glucolipotoxicity on insulin secretion, insulin gene expression, and beta-cell death, and the role of glucose in the mechanisms of glucolipotoxicity. Finally, we attempt to define the role of these phenomena in the natural history of beta-cell compensation, decompensation, and failure during the course of type 2 diabetes.
TCT-641 Improved Safety and Reduction in Stent Thrombosis After Everolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: SORT OUT IV 5-year
Authors: Lisette Okkels Jensen, Per Thayssen, Evald H. Christiansen, Michael Maeng, Jan Ravkilde, Knud N. Hansen, Henrik S. Hansen, Anne Kaltoft, Lars Krusell, Hans-Henrik Tilsted, Anders Junker, Jens F. Lassen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)