tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome, Aging, and the Nuclear Lamina
Authors: Bruce Korf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

We are living in a time that will probably be remembered as a golden age of discovery in human genetics. Most of the recent excitement has focused on the identification of genes that contribute to the risk of common diseases, so it is easy to forget how much can be learned from the study of rare “single-gene” disorders. Although barely noticed by most physicians, these rare disorders can impose an enormous burden on affected patients and their families. Characterization of the gene associated with a disorder provides the key to understanding the relevant pathophysiology, and this understanding may lead to . . .
Histological features and HLA class II alleles in HCV chronically infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels
Authors: C. Renou, P. Halfon, S. Pol, P. Cacoub, E. Jouve, J.P. Bronowicki, Jp. Arpurt, H. Rifflet, M. Picon, X. Causse, V. Canva, J. Denis, A. Tran, M. Bourliere, S. Dantin, S. Caillat-Zucman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Targeting autophagy augments the anticancer activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA to overcome Bcr-Abl–mediated drug resistance
Authors: Jennifer S. Carew, Steffan T. Nawrocki, Charissa N. Kahue, Hui Zhang, Chunying Yang, Linda Chung, Janet A. Houghton, Peng Huang, Francis J. Giles, John L. Cleveland
Journal: Blood (2007)
Molecular basis for a polymorphism of human Fc gamma receptor II (CD32).
Authors: P A Warmerdam, J G van de Winkel, E J Gosselin, P J Capel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The IgG Fc receptor II on human monocytes is polymorphic in its ability to bind mIgG1, and its isoelectric focusing pattern. To study the molecular basis of this polymorphism, a cDNA library from cell line K562, expressing two different allelic forms (high responder [HR] and low responder [LR]) of Fc gamma RII, was used for cDNA cloning. We report the isolation and identification of different Fc gamma RII cDNA clones, comprising the LR form of Fc gamma RII, as was evident from studies using a new HR-specific anti-Fc gamma RII mAb 41H16, and from rosetting experiments. Sequence analysis revealed that HR and LR forms differ by two amino acids, both located in the external domain. In the cloned LR form, a glutamine is substituted by a tryptophan residue at aa position 27, located in the first Ig-like domain, and an arginine residue by a histidine residue at aa position 131 in the second Ig-like domain. Furthermore, an Fc gamma RII cDNA clone was isolated with a deletion of 123 bp, overlapping the predicted transmembrane segment. Data showing the presence of an alternatively spliced mRNA detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) might suggest the existence of a soluble form of the human Fc gamma RII, in addition to the membrane-bound forms.
Lentiviral Vectors Harboring a Dual-Gene System Allow High and Homogeneous Transgene Expression in Selected Polyclonal Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Israel Ben-Dor, Pavel Itsykson, Daniel Goldenberg, Eithan Galun, Benjamin E. Reubinoff
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Genetic modification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is highly valuable for their exploitation in basic science and therapeutic applications. Here we developed lentiviral vectors (LVs) constitutively expressing a reporter and a selectable marker to enable high and homogeneous transgene expression within polyclonal hESCs. LVs carrying GFP and a downstream puromycin resistance gene, linked by the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) or poliovirus internal ribosome entry sites (IRES), allowed homogeneous GFP expression after antibiotic selection. The GFP-expression levels were higher with the EMCV IRES. We also developed dual-promoter vectors harboring a reporter and an antibiotic resistance gene under the regulation of human EF1alpha and PGK1 promoters, respectively. Optimal efficiency was obtained when: (1) the reporter cassette was upstream rather than downstream of the selectable marker cassette, (2) the puromycin rather than the neomycin resistance gene was used, (3) a 5' deletion (314 bp) was created in the PGK promoter, and (4) two copies of a 120-bp element derived from the hamster Aprt CpG island were introduced upstream of the EF1alpha promoter. In summary, we developed bicistronic and novel dual-promoter LVs that enable high and homogeneous expression of transgenes by polyclonal hESCs after antibiotic selection. These vectors may provide important tools for basic and applied research on hESCs.
An Ethical Debate Financial ties as part of informed consent to postmarketing research: Into a British context
Authors: R E Ferner
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The study by La Puma et al considers two questions of ethical and practical importance: should doctors be paid for recruiting patients to postmarketing surveillance studies, and should patients be informed about a doctor's financial incentives for recruiting them?

The doctors and the patients held somewhat different views. Most patients thought that their doctors should not receive a fee, while most doctors thought it acceptable. The differences were partly of degree—patients judged that a reward could be $10, but doctors thought that $100 was reasonable. A majority of both groups believed that potential subjects should be told of financial incentives. …
Ethical Implications of Renal Transplants
Authors: Joseph E. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A 10-year-old boy has advanced renal disease. It has been suggested that his identical twin be the donor for a renal transplant operation. What are the social and ethical aspects of such organ transplants? Incidentally, the family is Catholic and I would appreciate the opinion of a priest as well as the judgment of a physician.
Health bill passes to the Lords with majority of 65 votes
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Background: Up to 70% of patients report ongoing symptoms four weeks after hospitalisation for pneumonia, and the impact on primary care is poorly understood. Aim: To investigate the frequency of primary care consultations after hospitalisation for pneumonia, and the reasons for consultation. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: UK primary care database of anonymised medical records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink, CPRD) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), England. Methods: Adults with the first ICD-10 code for pneumonia (J12-J18) recorded in HES between July 2002-June 2017 were included. Primary care consultation within 30 days of discharge was identified as the recording of any medical Read code (excluding administration-related codes) in CPRD. Competing-risks regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of consultation and antibiotic use at consultation; death and readmission were competing events. Reasons for consultation were examined. Results: Of 56,396 adults, 55.9% (n=31,542) consulted primary care within 30 days of discharge. The rate of consultation was highest within 7 days (4.7 per 100 person-days). The strongest predictor for consultation was a higher number of primary care consultations in the year prior to index admission (adjusted sHR 8.98, 95% CI 6.42-12.55). The commonest reason for consultation was for a respiratory disorder (40.7%, n=12,840), 12% for pneumonia specifically. At consultation, 31.1% (n=9,823) received further antibiotics. Penicillins (41.6%, n=5,753) and macrolides (21.9%, n=3,029) were the commonest antibiotics prescribed. Conclusion: Following hospitalisation for pneumonia, a significant proportion of patients consulted primary care within 30 days, highlighting the morbidity experienced by patients during recovery from pneumonia.
Dr. M'CORMACK'S COMMENTS.
Authors: J. N. McCormack
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Reading between the lines of the committee's communication, as was the case with Dr. Josephi's letter as to educational matters, there is such constant admission of the discord, commercialism and other evils indicated by me that, but for the repeated declaration that what I had said was "misleading, mischievous and false," and the reiterated challenge that bothThe Journaland myself "make good" in the matter, any further comment from me would be unnecessary. As it is, I take up the matter again very reluctantly, embarrassed by the abundance of the corroborative testimony which has come to my hands without seeking, by the seeming harshness of some of the expressions quoted, for which I am not responsible, and still more by the fear of again being misunderstood by leaders so long oversensitive with each other that the most kindly expressed and best intended criticisms were made a
Mesenchymal stem cells exert differential effects on alloantigen and virus-specific T-cell responses
Authors: Helen Karlsson, Sujith Samarasinghe, Lynne M. Ball, Berit Sundberg, Arjan C. Lankester, Francesco Dazzi, Mehmet Uzunel, Kanchan Rao, Paul Veys, Katarina Le Blanc, Olle Ringdén, Persis J. Amrolia
Journal: Blood (2008)
Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Different Paradigm to Consider
Authors: Nadia Manzoor, Robert G. Moses
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The recently completed National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1) consensus development conference on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) found insufficient evidence to change from current practice to that recommended by the American Diabetes Association (2). The NIH final statement identified some key research gaps, the first mentioned of which was to “evaluate the diagnostic thresholds associated with an odds ratio (OR) for adverse outcomes of 2.0 in the [Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes] HAPO study (as opposed to the OR of 1.75 that is currently recommended by the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups [IADPSG]).” We currently have data that may assist in this consideration.

The results herein reported are from a post hoc analysis of a prospective study carried out in 2010 (3) to determine the prevalence of GDM with the proposed IADPSG (4) criteria compared with the prevalence …
GMC steps up hearings to deal with rise in cases
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The General Medical Council expects the number of complaints against doctors for this year to surpass last year's record breaking total and is stepping up its hearing procedures to deal with charges more swiftly.

Complaints to the GMC climbed by 49% to 4470 last year, with a big surge in March after revelations about the serial killer Harold Shipman. In the first six months of this year the GMC received 2300 complaints, and it anticipates that the final total will be up by 10% on …
Brain SPECT, MRI, and CT in a Closed Head Injury Induced Intracerebral Hematoma
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, AY-MING WANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A man with a closed head injury was evaluated with CT, SPECT, and MRI between 4 and 6 weeks after his injury. On the second CT performed 8 days after the initial CT, only a hypodense lesion was seen. Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT showed a cold lesion surrounded by hot areas. The patient was treated conservatively and resolution of his intracerebral hematoma was documented by CT 8 months after his initial CT. The characteristic findings of different diagnostic imaging modalities in this case are illustrated.
Teaching dermatology to medical students: a survey of current practice in the U.K.
Authors: S. Burge
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Teaching dermatology to medical students: a survey of current practice in the U.K. Get access S. Burge, S. Burge Department of Dermatology, The Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K Dr Susan Burge. E‐mail: sue.burge@ndm.ox.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS OF DERMATOLOGY THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS OF DERMATOLOGY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 2, 1 February 2002, Pages 295–303, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04522.x Published: 01 February 2002 Article history Accepted: 30 August 2001 Published: 01 February 2002
Abstract 4219: Lysosomal membrane permeabilization, a novel anticancer mechanism induced by pterostilbene
Authors: Salvador Mena, Maria Rodriguez, Miguel Asensi, Jose M. Estrela, Angel Ortega
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pterostilbene (Pter) (3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene), a natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol, is a phytoalexin abundant in plants and fruits with a number of potential benefits for human health. Darakchasava, an Indian herbal preparation of Vitis Vinifera, contains Pter and is prescribed as a cardiotonic in ayurvedic and traditional medicine. Furthermore, some observations indicate that Pter can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of different diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, or cancer. Pter shows higher bioavailability than resveratrol. The substitution of two OH groups (positions 3 and 5) by methyl groups increases the stabilityof the molecule and its resistance to hepatic glucuronidation and sulfonation. Nevertheless, despite these pharmacokinetic advantages, the anticancer potential of Pter is still undefined. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) has been postulated as a mechanism leading to cell death. In an initial step LMP causes cytosol acidification and release of cathepsins and other hydrolases from the lysosomal lumen. Ectopic presence of proteases causes the hydrolysis of vital proteins and the activation of other cell death-related proteases such as caspases. Thus linking LMP and cell death type I. In addition, LMP may also induce caspase-independent cell death mechanisms. In fact morphology of cells affected by LMP may be confused with a subapoptotic or necrotis appearance. The aim of our present study was to investigate the mechanisms of cell death activated by Pter in different tumor cells. For this purpose we used a range of Pter concentration between 10uM (below the IC50) and 100uM (an unachievable in vivo concentration). Acridin orange staining was determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Total and cytosolic cathepsin extractions were performed with different digitonin concentration and activity was measured by spectrofluorimetry. Cytosolic pH was evaluated by staining cultured cells with the fluorochrome SNARF. Apoptosis induction was checked through caspase 3 and 7 measurements. The effects observed in the presence of Pter, under in vitro conditions, were concentration and time dependent. An increase in LMP induced an acidification of cytosolic pH, an increase in cathepsin activity and, only at long time exposure, apoptosis stimulation. Our results demonstrate that tumor cell death induction elicited by Pter is preferentially mediated through LMP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4219. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4219
Injection of PEGylated liposomes in rats elicits PEG-specific IgM, which is responsible for rapid elimination of a second dose of PEGylated liposomes
Authors: Tatsuhiro Ishida, Masako Ichihara, XinYu Wang, Kenji Yamamoto, Junji Kimura, Eiji Majima, Hiroshi Kiwada
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
I-131 Dose Response for Incident Thyroid Cancers in Ukraine Related to the Chornobyl Accident
Authors: Alina V. Brenner, Mykola D. Tronko, Maureen Hatch, Tetyana I. Bogdanova, Valery A. Oliynik, Jay H. Lubin, Lydia B. Zablotska, Valery P. Tereschenko, Robert J. McConnell, Galina A. Zamotaeva, Patrick O’Kane, Andre C. Bouville, Ludmila V. Chaykovskaya, Ellen Greenebaum, Ihor P. Paster, Victor M. Shpak, Elaine Ron
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Current knowledge about Chornobyl-related thyroid cancer risks comes from ecological studies based on grouped doses, case-control studies, and studies of prevalent cancers.To address this limitation, we evaluated the dose-response relationship for incident thyroid cancers using measurement-based individual iodine-131 (I-131) thyroid dose estimates in a prospective analytic cohort study.The cohort consists of individuals < 18 years of age on 26 April 1986 who resided in three contaminated oblasts (states) of Ukraine and underwent up to four thyroid screening examinations between 1998 and 2007 (n = 12,514). Thyroid doses of I-131 were estimated based on individual radioactivity measurements taken within 2 months after the accident, environmental transport models, and interview data. Excess radiation risks were estimated using Poisson regression models.Sixty-five incident thyroid cancers were diagnosed during the second through fourth screenings and 73,004 person-years (PY) of observation. The dose-response relationship was consistent with linearity on relative and absolute scales, although the excess relative risk (ERR) model described data better than did the excess absolute risk (EAR) model. The ERR per gray was 1.91 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43-6.34], and the EAR per 10⁴ PY/Gy was 2.21 (95% CI, 0.04-5.78). The ERR per gray varied significantly by oblast of residence but not by time since exposure, use of iodine prophylaxis, iodine status, sex, age, or tumor size.I-131-related thyroid cancer risks persisted for two decades after exposure, with no evidence of decrease during the observation period. The radiation risks, although smaller, are compatible with those of retrospective and ecological post-Chornobyl studies.
Scientific Foundations of Oncology
Authors: E H Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1976)

that bane of all parents and paediatricians, the early morning or nocturnal cough, is sadly lacking.The balance of the book is uneven-for example, as much as half a page about pink disease, surely never encountered now, but little more on as common a condition as cerebral palsy.The clinical features of non- accidental injury (indexed only under "Bat- tered Babies") are scantily mentioned, yet how aware future doctors must be of this.This balance needs to be remedied in the next edition, which, if reduced in size and hence perhaps in cost, will be within the range of more student budgets.
ON PUERPERAL CONVULSIONS
Authors: C. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1854)

43ORIGMIAL OOMMUMNCATIONS8.3t1% Sour and a half, when she was suddenly seized with & very seer convulsion, which lasted about two minutes.I im- rmdiately sent for my forceps; but, before they arrived, the hed was born, the pain which expelled it being accompanied by another convulsion.The placenta came away about five minutes after the birth of the child, which was strong and healthy; immediately afterwards she had a dreadfully severe convulsion, which lasted much longer than either of the others.The bandage was applied tightly, and I waited to ee if she had another.The fourth occurred in about twenty minutes, as she was lying quite quietly.She then had a drachm of laudanum in an enema at 5 A.M. A very slight convulsion occurred in about half an hour, after which she slept soundly till 10 A.M.; when she awoke quite copscious.She complained of pain in the head, and indistinc ness of vision, but, in other respects, was very comfortable.A mus- tard poultice was applied to the neck, which relieved the head considerably; she was soon convalescent.Her sister, who was with her, told me she herself had convulsions with her first child, for which she was largely bled; in her case they continued for twenty-four hours after delivery.Mr. Kempe has kindly furnished me with the particulars of the two following cases.& Tinctur oplii 3 ss, Chloroform.1£x, Potassa carbonatis 3i, Misture camphore 3iss.M. 10 A.X.She had slept through the night.The pain in the back was severe-th& in the head much relieved.Be Tinctura opii 3 i, Chloroform.3ss, Potassse carbon.3ii, Misturae camphorn .nvi.M
Chest Roentgenograms and Scoliosis
Authors: William P. Bunnell
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am greatly disappointed to note a major omission in the report by Bonebrake et al (240:2747, 1978) on abnormal findings in "Routine Chest Roentgenography in Pregnancy." No mention is made of the incidence of scoliosis in these patients. In a similar study reported by Strayer<sup>1</sup>in nearly 1,000 postpartum women, 5.0% were noted to have scoliosis greater than 10°, and 2.0% were noted to have scoliosis greater than 20°. In the first large-scale roentgenographic survey for scoliosis, Shands and Eisberg<sup>2</sup>reviewed 50,000 routine chest films done for tuberculosis screening and noted an incidence of 1.9% curvatures greater than 10° and 0.5% greater than 20°. Bruszewski and Kamza<sup>3</sup>reviewed 15,000 serial chest roentgenograms and noted an incidence of scoliosis of 3.7%. It is inconceivable in light of these and numerous other reports that one could review 11,725 chest films in a female population and not
Parathyroid hormone prevents 1,25(OH)2D3 induced down-regulation of the vitamin D receptor in growth plate chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Günter Klaus, Tanja May, Ulrike Hügel, Barbara Von Eichel, Julian Rodriguez, Porfirio Fernandez, Jörg Reichrath, Eberhard Ritz, Otto Mehls
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Discovery of Aberrant Expression of <i>R-RAS</i> by Cancer-Linked DNA Hypomethylation in Gastric Cancer Using Microarrays
Authors: Michiko Nishigaki, Kazuhiko Aoyagi, Inaho Danjoh, Masahide Fukaya, Kazuyoshi Yanagihara, Hiromi Sakamoto, Teruhiko Yoshida, Hiroki Sasaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Although hypomethylation was the originally identified epigenetic change in cancer, it was overlooked for many years in preference to hypermethylation. Recently, gene activation by cancer-linked hypomethylation has been rediscovered. However, in gastric cancer, genome-wide screening of the activated genes has not been found. By using microarrays, we identified 1,383 gene candidates reactivated in at least one cell line of eight gastric cancer cell lines after treatment with 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine and trichostatin A. Of the 1,383 genes, 159 genes, including oncogenes ELK1, FRAT2, R-RAS, RHOB, and RHO6, were further selected as gene candidates that are silenced by DNA methylation in normal stomach mucosa but are activated by DNA demethylation in a subset of gastric cancers. Next, we showed that demethylation of specific CpG sites within the first intron of R-RAS causes activation in more than half of gastric cancers. Introduction of siRNA into R-RAS-expressing cells resulted in the disappearance of the adhered cells, suggesting that functional blocking of the R-RAS-signaling pathway has great potential for gastric cancer therapy. Our extensive gene list provides other candidates for this class of oncogene.
Basic Concepts of Therapy in Arterial Disease
Authors: Michael E. DeBakey
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THROUGHOUT THE WESTERN WORLD arterial diseases rank among the most common ailments of man and account for more deaths than all other diseases combined. Despite the fact that the causes of most of these diseases, including particularly arteriosclerosis, which is by far the most common, remain obscure or undetermined, great progress has been made in recent years toward development of better understanding of the insidious pathologic anatomic changes that occur in the arterial wall, more precise methods of diagnosis, and more effective therapy. Indeed, greater advances have been made in this field of endeavor during the past decade alone than in all previous years of recorded history.  A number of factors are responsible for this striking progress, most important among which are: (1) the development of relatively safe and readily applied methods of angiography which, by providing roentgenographic visualization of the arterial tree, permit precise delineation not only of the