tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Current Status of Fecal Occult Blood Testing in Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: S. J. Winawer, M. Fleisher, M. Baldwin, P. Sherlock
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1982)

patientsâ€"men and women aged 40 and olderâ€"there are subgroups in the popu lation at increased risk for colorectat can cer (Table 1).These include patients with: â€¢¿ prior cured colorectal cancer â€¢¿ prior adenomas â€¢¿ ulcerative colitis, lasting more than seven years, involving the entire colon â€¢¿ history of female genital cancer â€¢¿ family history of one of the polyposis syndromes or one of the nonpolyposis, inherited colon cancer syndromes.2Although much work needs to be done to further clarify these high-risk subgroups, especially those with familial factors, a much clearer picture exists today of those who are at increased risk for colorectal cancer compared with the average-risk population.Technological advances have also occurred recently: new methods for fecal occult blood testing, flexible sig moidoscopy, colonoscopy, and refinement of the double-contrast barium enema.A desirable goal based on these im provements is earlier diagnosis for im proved survival.This concept is in keeping with the current emphasis on preventive measures for cancer in general and for co lorectal cancer specifically.Prevention of colorectal cancer can be defined as primary or secondary.Primary prevention is the identification of factors, either genetic or environmental, respon sible for cotorectal cancer and its eradi cation.
526 HYPERAMMONEMIA AND INFLAMMATION IN THE INDUCTION OF MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPHATY
Authors: A. Urios, C. Gimenez, A. Wassel, O. Gonzalez, M.A. Serra, R. Giner, J.A. del Olmo, J.M. Rodrigo, V. Felipo, C. Montoliu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Thrombolytic tyerapy has no clinical beneficial effect in patients with unstable angina a placebo controlied study in 159 patients
Authors: F. Bär, F. Vermeer, F. Verheugt, J. Col, P. Materne, J. Foucault, P. Geslin, J. Metzger, J-P. Monassier, P. Raynaud, C. de Zwaan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Hypotensive Agents and Pressor Substances
Authors: John H. Laragh
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The effect of hypotensive agents and of pressor substances on the rate of secretion of aldosterone was determined in normal subjects and in patients with hypertension or edema. The medullary hormones were studied because, in excess, they can produce hypertension in man. Angiotensin was studied because the major pathology of malignant hypertension is renal. The present work indicates that induced changes in the arterial blood pressure do not necessarily affect aldosterone secretion. The medullary hormones modified aldosterone output in a variable way, depending in part on the state of sodium balance. In contrast to the catecholamines, angiotensin consistently produced an increased secretion of aldosterone. The results suggest that aldosterone may regulate salt balance and blood pressure by its interaction with pressor substances such as angiotensin.
Mutations in transcript isoforms of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene in multiple human tumour types
Authors: Albert B. Bianchi, Tetsuo Hara, Vijaya Ramesh, Jizong Gao, Andrés J. P. Klein-Szanto, Francine Morin, Anil G. Menon, James A. Trofatter, James F. Gusella, Bernd R. Seizinger, Nikolai Kley
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
The Aftermath of a Fall
Authors: Keiki Hinami
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Doctor1 July 2003The Aftermath of a FallKeiki Hinami, MDKeiki Hinami, MDFrom the State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11733.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-1-200307010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail As I helped him keep his balance, my grandfather lifted his leg unsteadily. The stench of urine in the train station stall was overpowering. My grandfather, age 88 and incontinent, had wet himself on the train. I fortunately had packed an extra pair of pants, which I was now struggling to get him into. I remembered that he was not always this helpless. He had been a robust man, solo-hiking the tallest peaks of Japan at age 65, teaching me to play ice hockey at age 77, and even holding out until age 85 before retiring from his profession as ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11733.Corresponding Author: Keiki Hinami, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC-7082, Chicago, IL 60637; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 2003Volume 139, Issue 1Page: 73KeywordsElderlyEmotionsFallsFearFrailtyInterleukinsShouldersUrine ePublished: 1 July 2003 Issue Published: 1 July 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reports Highlight New Cause of Pertussis, Tickborne Illness, and Better Food Safety
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of fetal tachycardia with sotalol: transplacental pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Authors: Martijn A Oudijk, Jopje M Ruskamp, F.F.Tessa Ververs, E.Barbara Ambachtsheer, Philip Stoutenbeek, Gerard H.A Visser, Erik J Meijboom
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Superior Vena Caval Obstruction Due to Chronic Mediastinitis
Authors: O. S. Tubbs
Journal: Thorax (1946)

Obstruction of the superior vena cava due to chronic mediastinitis has been recognized for at least a century (Hallet, 1848); and Ochsner and Dixon (1936) in their review of 120 reported cases of thrombosis of the superior vena cava found that 28 of these were caused by a fibrotic process within the mediastinum.Two such cases have come under my care during the last six years and I have had the privilege of seeing a third at the invitation of Lieut.-Col.R. Bodley Scott.As the aetiology and correct treatment of this relatively rare condition are controversial, it may be of value to report these three cases and then discuss the problem in the light of the available literature.
Elevated F-18 FDG Uptake in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: SEIEI YASUDA, MICHIRU IDE, SHIGEHARU TAKAGI, AKIRA SHOHTSU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Two healthy men, ages 30 and 42, underwent whole-body PET a few hours after front crawl swimming. On PET images, deltoid and latissimus dorsi muscles showed elevated uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG). Increased distribution of FDG in skeletal muscles and decreased distribution in visceral organs resulted in incomplete examinations in terms of cancer detection. The effect of exercise on skeletal muscle glucose uptake is not fully understood. PET permits noninvasive measurement of regional glucose uptake in vivo in humans. In an oncology PET study, resting seems to be a prerequisite to avoiding skeletal muscle FDG uptake.
Marked swollen erythema of the face together with sicca syndrome as a sign for chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: K.C. Sato‐Matsumura, T. Matsumura, H. Kobayashi, K. Fujimoto, T. Itoh, M. Shimizu, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Marked swollen erythema of the face together with sicca syndrome as a sign for chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection Get access K.C. Sato‐Matsumura, K.C. Sato‐Matsumura Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Matsumura, T. Matsumura Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Kobayashi, H. Kobayashi Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Fujimoto, K. Fujimoto Internal Medicine II, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita‐ku, Sapporo 060–8638, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Itoh, T. Itoh Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Shimizu, M. Shimizu Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Shimizu H. Shimizu Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 6, 1 December 2000, Pages 1351–1353, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03936.x Published: 01 December 2000
WANDERING SPLEEN: HAEMORRHAGE WITHIN THE CAPSULE: SPLENECTOMY: RECOVERY
Authors: C. P. Childe
Journal: BMJ (1905)

While vaccines directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein will have varying degrees of effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, the severity of infection will be determined by multiple host factors including the ability of immune cells to lyse virus-infected cells. This review will discuss the complexity of both adaptive and innate immunomes and how a flow-based assay can detect up to 158 distinct cell subsets in the periphery. This assay has been employed to show the effect of age on differences in specific immune cell subsets, and the differences in the immunome between healthy donors and age-matched cancer patients. Also reviewed are the numerous soluble factors, in addition to cytokines, that may vary in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infections and may also be employed to help define the effectiveness of a given vaccine or other antiviral agents. Various steroids have been employed in the management of autoimmune adverse events in cancer patients receiving immunotherapeutics and may be employed in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The influence of steroids on multiple immune cells subsets will also be discussed.
The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Committee: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Mark J. Ratain, Antonius A. Miller, Howard L. McLeod, Alan P. Venook, Merrill J. Egorin, Richard L. Schilsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

The Chemotherapy Committee of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) was established in the mid-1970s to assemble a group of experts in cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology who could advise the CALGB disease committees about the optimal use of drugs in the fight against cancer and to provide quality assurance for the chemotherapy section of CALGB protocols. Chaired initially by Edward Henderson and then David Van Echo, the committee was also the repository of studies in diseases for which CALGB did not have a formal committee, such as testis cancer and sarcoma. In 1990, following the appointment of Richard Schilsky as Chair, the name of the committee was changed to the Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (PET) Committee to reflect a more specific focus and scientific agenda (i.e., studies of chemotherapy pharmacology and development of new agents). Three PET Committee reference pharmacology laboratories (led by Merrill Egorin, Tony Miller, and Mark Ratain) were established to measure drug concentrations in biological fluids and to perform pharmacokinetic analyses. In addition, the PET Committee embarked on a number of multi-institution phase I studies. These phase I studies included studies of special populations, including the first prospective study of an anticancer agent (paclitaxel) in patients with hepatic dysfunction. In addition, the Committee studied a number of phase I combinations destined for phase II evaluation in disease-specific committees. Following Dr. Schilsky's election as CALGB Group Chair in 1994, Mark Ratain took over as Chair of the PET Committee and continued to emphasize population pharmacology as the primary theme of the Committee's research agenda. In addition, the PET Committee began to develop novel clinical trial designs, including the first completed randomized discontinuation trial of an antineoplastic agent. Most recently, the PET Committee has launched an ambitious research program in pharmacogenetics, facilitated in large part through the recruitment of Howard McLeod as Vice Chair. This area of research is a collaborative effort with the NIH Pharmacogenetics Research Network and has the potential to definitively address the hypothesis that germ line polymorphisms are a significant determinant of the toxicity and efficacy of anticancer therapy. It is anticipated that the results of the current studies will contribute significantly to the goal of individualizing cancer treatment.
Dyslipidemia and the progression of renal disease in chronic renal failure patients
Authors: Aleix Cases, Elisabet Coll
Journal: Kidney International (2005)

Dyslipidemia is a common complication of progressive kidney disease and contributes to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Recent evidence also suggests a role for dyslipidemia in the development and progression of renal disease. Experimental studies have demonstrated that lipids may induce glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, and that lipid-lowering treatments ameliorate renal injury. Various lipid abnormalities have been associated with the development and progression of renal disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Population-based studies and studies of diabetic patients have reported associations of various lipid abnormalities with the development of renal disease. In patients with CKD, lipid abnormalities have also been associated with renal disease progression. Post hoc analyses of some large clinical trials on patients with vascular disease, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and a meta-analysis of small, prospective, controlled studies on patients with CKD (diabetics and nondiabetics) suggest that statins may slow the progression of kidney disease. It is unclear whether the beneficial renal effects of statins are due to the reduction of serum cholesterol levels and/or their pleiotropic effects. There is also evidence for synergistic renoprotective effects between statins and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. According to the results of post hoc analysis of several studies, treatment with fibrates does not seem to confer renoprotection, but evidence is scarce. In summary, there is growing evidence that lipid abnormalities may be a risk factor for renal disease, and that statins appear to confer a renoprotective effect.
AB0582 Improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving secukinumab: Results of a dose-finding study
Authors: V. Strand, M. Genovese, U. Mallya, H. Richards, S. Mpofu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Interleukin (IL)-17A is a key inflammatory mediator in pathogenesis of RA. Secukinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds and neutralizes IL-17A. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the effects of secukinumab administration on patient reported HRQoL by SF-36 v2, a secondary outcome in a phase 2 randomized controlled trial [RCT]. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients (n=237, ≥18 yrs) failing methotrexate were randomized equally to receive monthly s.c. injections of secukinumab 25mg, 75mg, 150mg, 300mg or placebo. Clinical (ACR 20) and HRQoL responses were assessed at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16, and SF-6D scores were derived based on mean changes across all 8 domains of SF-36v2<sup>1</sup>. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mean changes ≥ minimum clinically important differences [MCID]. <h3>Results</h3> Baseline PCS (physical component scores) and physical domain scores were low across all treatment groups: ≥1.5 standard deviations (SD) and 26 – 40 points less than Age/Gender matched norms; MCS (mental component scores) approximately 1 SD &lt; norms, reflecting the large impact of active RA on HRQoL [Table]. ACR 20 responders at week 16 in secukinumab 75–300mg treatment groups exceeded 25mg and placebo<sup>2</sup>. In view of small sample sizes, although changes from baseline at week 16 in summary and domain scores of SF-36v2 were not statistically significant, improvements in PCS and MCS scores and 7 of 8 domains in 75mg and all 8 domains in 150mg treatment groups met or exceeded MCID and as well SF-6D well exceeded MID =0.041<sup>3</sup>. Mean changes in 300mg were of less magnitude than 75 or 150mg but ≥ MCID in PCS and 3 of 8 domain scores. Improvements with 25mg were not different from placebo, consistent with earlier findings of a "no effect" dose<sup>2</sup>. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A dose response in reported improvements in HRQoL was evident with 75mg and 150mg, exceeding those observed with 25mg, 300mg and placebo. From an HRQoL perspective, these findings support the selection of secukinumab 75mg and 150mg doses for future phase 3 RCTs in RA. <h3>References</h3> Strand V et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68:1800-04. Genovese M et al. Arthritis &amp; Rheum 2010; 62:3842. Ara R, Brazier J. Value in Health 2009; 12:346-53. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> V. Strand Consultant for: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, M. Genovese Grant/Research support from: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, U. Mallya Shareholder of: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Employee of: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, H. Richards Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG, S. Mpofu Shareholder of: Novartis Pharma AG, Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG
Dynamics of left ventricular ejection in obstructive and nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: J P Murgo, B R Alter, J F Dorethy, S A Altobelli, G M McGranahan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of left ventricular ejection in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). 30 patients with HCM and 29 patients with no evidence of cardiovascular disease were studied during cardiac catheterization. Using a single multisensor catheter, electromagnetically derived ascending aortic flow velocity and high fidelity left ventricular and aortic pressures were recorded during rest (n = 47) and provocative maneuvers (n = 23). Dynamic ventricular emptying during rest was also analyzed with frame-by-frame angiography (n = 46). Left ventricular outflow was independently derived from both flow velocity and angiographic techniques. The HCM patients were subdivided into three groups: (I) intraventricular gradients at rest (n = 9), (II) intraventricular gradients only with provocation (n = 12), and (III) no intraventricular gradients despite provocation (n = 9). During rest, the percentage of the total systolic ejection period during which forward aortic flow existed was as follows (mean +/- 1 SD): group I, 69 +/- 17% (flow), 64 +/- 6% (angio); group II, 63 +/- 14% (flow), 65 +/- 6% (angio); group III, 61 +/- 16% (flow), 62 +/- 4% (angio); control group, 90 +/- 5% (flow), 86 +/- 9% (angio). No significant difference was observed between any of the HCM subgroups, but compared with the control group, ejection was completed much earlier in systole independent of the presence or absence of intraventricular gradients. These results suggest that "outflow obstruction," as traditionally defined by the presence of an abnormal intraventricular pressure gradient and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, does not impede left ventricular outflow in HCM.
Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Fever and Neutropenia — More Rational and Less Empirical?
Authors: Jean Klastersky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Empirical antibacterial therapy for fever and neutropenia has dramatically improved outcomes in a large number of patients, making it possible for many to undergo successful antineoplastic therapy. Because the diagnosis of fungal infection in patients with neutropenia can be difficult and because delays in instituting effective antifungal therapy are associated with increased mortality, the concept of empirical antifungal therapy with amphotericin B has emerged. Empirical antifungal therapy has become accepted clinical practice, and there are now alternatives to conventional amphotericin B — namely, liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole.1 In this issue of the Journal, Walsh et al.2 report the results . . .
Scientific Statement: Socioecological Determinants of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: James O. Hill, James M. Galloway, April Goley, David G. Marrero, Regan Minners, Brenda Montgomery, Gregory E. Peterson, Robert E. Ratner, Eduardo Sanchez, Vanita R. Aroda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

In this article, we examine the socioecological determinants—the biological, geographic, and built environment factors—that influence risk for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. A socioecological perspective looks beyond the individual to evaluate a multitude of influences, from the surrounding home, work, school, and community environments to social determinants and the influence of public policy on individual behavior (1). Figure 1, adapted from the Institute of Medicine socioecological model of childhood obesity, provides a good framework for understanding potential socioecological determinants of risk for type 2 diabetes.



Figure 1 
Levels and sectors of influence on obesity and diabetes risk (progress in preventing childhood obesity) (© 2007 the National Academies Press). SES, socioeconomic status.



In November 2012, the American Diabetes Association Prevention Committee convened a writing group to review the evidence on socioecological factors contributing to recent increases in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Drawing from the work of the committee, in this article we review the overarching evidence-based contributions of socioecological factors to risk for type 2 diabetes. Rather than incorporate the entire universe of relational observations, this scientific statement is intended to evaluate the extent to which data indicate a contributing role of social and environmental factors to the current epidemic of type 2 diabetes.

The world is in the midst of parallel and rapidly advancing epidemics—obesity and type 2 diabetes—that began in the latter half of the 20th century and continue to grow, unchecked. Current prevalence rates are staggering and are expected to continue to climb over the ensuing decades.

In the U.S., one-third of adults and 16–18% of youth are obese (2), up from 5 to 6% three decades ago (Fig. 2). Increases in rates of type 2 diabetes have closely followed the increases in obesity. In the U.S., diabetes affects 8.3% of the population, including 18.8 million with diagnosed …