tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery and salmonella.
Authors: J G Mosley, A K Chaudhuri
Journal: BMJ (1990)

addition to calcium sensitising properties.EMD 53998 seems to be the first compound in which calcium sensitising properties predominate.404'Of these compounds, pimobendan has currently progres- sed the furthest in clinical trials.Because it has both calcium sensitising and phosphodiesterase inhibiting activities it increases systolic calcium concentrations, though the increase is much less than occurs, for example, with 6 stimulation.42Comparisons of energy requirements with pimobendan and with 6 stimulation indicate that pimobendan performs more favourably, causing little or no increase in energy utilisation.17 It also has beneficial inotropic effects in patients with cardiac failure, including an improvement in New York Heart Association functional class, increased cardiac and stroke volume indices, increased exercise capacity, and decreased right atrial pressure and catecholamine concentrations, and all this with few side effects.43Furthermore, these results were maintained after one month of treatment.43Left ventricular relaxation rate was actually improved by the drug.'In conclusion, then, calcium sensitivity is now known to be an important factor in modulating the contractile force of the heart.Sensitivity might be expected to be depressed in the diseased myocardium, and this makes it likely that calcium sensitisers will prove to be beneficial inotropic agents.Com- pared with conventional agents calcium sensitisers would be expected to cause fewer arrhythmias and increase energy requirements less for a given inotropic effect.In the next few years such drugs seem likely to become of clinical importance as a new class of positive inotropic agents.
Transluminal closure for NOTES: an ex vivo study comparing leak pressures of various gastrotomy and colotomy closure modalities
Authors: M. Ryou, D. Fong, R. Pai, D. Rattner, C. Thompson
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de M. Ryou et al., pp. 432Endoscopy 2008; 40(05): 456-456DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306837
A Micropuncture Study of Potassium Excretion by the Remnant Kidney
Authors: Norman Bank, Hagop S. Aynedjian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

In order to study the mechanism of enhanced potassium excretion by the remaining nephrons of the remnant kidney, micropuncture and clearance experiments were carried out in rats after surgical ablation of 3/4 of the total renal mass. The potassium intake in all animals was approximately 5 meq/day. Animals were studied 24 h and 10-14 days after 3/4 nephrectomy. Balance measurements in the chronic animals before micropuncture study indicated that 24 h K+ excretion by the remnant kidney was equal to that of the two kidneys before ablation of renal mass. Measurements of distal tubular inulin and potassium concentrations revealed progressive reabsorption of potassium in this segment of the nephron in both the 24-h and chronic 3/4-nephrectomized rats, as well as in normal control rats. A large increase in tubular fluid potassium content occurred between the end of the distal tubule and the final urine in the 3/4-nephrectomized rats, but not in the normal controls. These observations suggest that the segment of the nephron responsible for enhanced potassium excretion by remaining nephrons was the collecting duct.
Pelvic Fluid at Ovulation-Reply
Authors: Lucy Hann
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In Reply.—  The authors appreciate the thorough comments of Drs Barrett and Maresh concerning their observations of pelvic fluid in 20 consecutive laparoscopies.  Although cul-de-sac fluid may be found routinely at laparoscopy and colposcopy, we have observed it only ultrasonically during the periovulatory period. As suggested by Drs Barrett and Maresh, this midcycle pelvic fluid may merely exceed the threshold necessary for ultrasonic detection. Assuming this threshold effect, ultrasonically estimated volumes will understandably be less than those directly measured in surgery.  In our study, fluid was seen in eight of 20 midcycle examinations. The remaining cycles may not have exceeded the threshold amount necessary for ultrasonic visualization. Alternately, as we mentioned, the periovulatory threshold could have been missed by our sampling technique.  A correlative ultrasound-laparoscopy study would, of course, be ideal to document accurately the fluctuation of pelvic fluid and its relationship to Mittelschmerz.
THE RELATION OF ANGIOTONIN AND L-NOREPINEPHRINE TO ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AS DETERMINED BY THE REACTION OF THE NAILFOLD CAPILLARY BED
Authors: Sheldon E. Greisman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Further evidence has been obtained that L-norepinephrine infusions markedly decreases cutaneous capillary blood flow in the nailfold. Sustained ischemia of the capillary bed occurred prior to the attainment of hypertensive diastolic arterial blood pressure levels. Corroborative evidence of this nailfold capillary ischemia was obtained from the capillary reactive hyperemia that followed the abrupt discontinuance of the L-norepinephrine infusions. The infusion of angiotonin into persons with normal blood pressure did not induce sustained ischemia of the nailfold capillary vessels, even after definite hypertensive diastolic arterial blood pressure levels were attained. Corroboration of the adequacy of nailfold capillary blood flow was obtained by noting the absence of capillary reactive hyperemia following the abrupt cessation of the angiotonin infusions. The nailfold capillary bed in persons with angiotonin-induced hypertension could not be distinguished from that of persons with essential hypertension by direct microscopic examination. During the infusion of angiotonin into subjects with normal cardiovascular systems, the reactivity of the nailfold capillary bed to circulating L-norepinephrine was significantly increased, approaching the levels found in persons with essential hypertension. From the standpoint of its effects upon the nailfold capillary bed, angiotonin, unlike L-norepinephrine, is one substance which possesses the properties required of the hypothetical humoral pressor substance of essential hypertension.
THE ENTRY AND DISTRIBUTION OF HERPES VIRUS AND COLLOIDAL GOLD IN H<scp>E</scp>L<scp>A</scp> CELLS AFTER CONTACT IN SUSPENSION
Authors: M. A. Epstein, K. Hummeler, A. Berkaloff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The way in which herpes virus of a well adapted strain penetrates susceptible HeLa cells has been investigated using thin sectioning techniques for electron microscopy. Mature virus particles and cells were mixed together in suspension cultures for 15, 30, 60, or 120 minutes so that the stages in virus uptake could be followed in sequence. The ingestion of particles of colloidal gold by HeLa cells under similar conditions was studied for comparison in parallel experiments. After 15 minutes' contact, the mature virus was found adsorbed on the surface of the cells but separated from them by a narrow gap in which phosphotungstic acid staining was sometimes able to reveal an extraneous coat which appeared as an amorphous layer on the outer aspect of the plasma membrane. When mixing continued for longer the particles were present in deep invaginations or actual cytoplasmic vacuoles, with their outer layers in various stages of stripping and digestion. The stripped, naked, central portion of the virus was occasionally found in these vacuoles but was more commonly free in the cytoplasmic matrix; the mode of transition between these sites could not be determined. Where contact continued for 2 hours these phenomena were much less frequently observed. The larger particles of colloidal gold were ingested in the same way as the virus, but smaller ones were taken up in micropinocytosis vesicles. The gold passed through membrane-bounded cytoplasmic spaces to accumulate in vacuoles from which, in contrast to herpes particles, it did not escape. These findings are discussed, and considered with particular reference to their bearing on the initiation of infection, the uptake and disposal of particles by cells, and the influence on the latter of virus morphology.
Effects of sarpogrelate hydrochloride in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease: a case report
Authors: Tomoe Hayashi, Eriko Morishita, Yasuo Ontachi, Masahide Yamazaki, Hidesaku Asakura, Takashi Yoshida, Shinji Nakao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a frequent complication of allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Even with aggressive treatment, cGVHD is associated with a significant degree of morbidity and mortality. cGVHD resembles autoimmune disorder, particularly systemic sclerosis (SSc). Sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) is an antagonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2A (5HT2A) receptor and has been reported to be effective in the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with Raynaud phenomenon. We used SH to treat a cGVHD patient, and we measured plasma PDGF and total TGF-beta levels. After SH treatment, his plasma PDGF and total TGF-beta levels decreased, and he noticed improvement in his skin pigmentation. In the present case, SH may have improved the skin lesion by inhibiting the synthesis of PDGF and TGF-beta.
Histology
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hospital events associated with adverse events and substandard care
Authors: J. Schlosser
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —The thoughful article by Brennan et al 1 reported data on the distribution of negligent AEs in 52 hospitals in New York. The range of this distribution was 1% to 60% (mean, 25%). With these data collected over 1 year, the authors asserted that this distribution was significantly nonrandom ( P  2 Park et al 3 illustrated this issue with hospital death rates. Contrary to the assertion by Brennan et al, high outlier hospitals should not be the focus of greater internal and
Fibrin accumulation plays a critical role in the sensitization to lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury caused by ethanol in mice
Authors: Juliane I. Beier, James P. Luyendyk, Luping Guo, Claudia von Montfort, Donald E. Staunton, Gavin E. Arteel
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract The early stages of alcohol-induced liver injury involve chronic inflammation. Whereas mechanisms by which this effect is mediated are not completely understood, it is hypothesized that enhanced sensitivity to circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to this process. It has recently been shown that ethanol induces activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). PAI-1 causes fibrin accumulation in liver by inhibiting degradation of fibrin (fibrinolysis). LPS also enhances fibrin accumulation by activating the coagulation cascade. It was therefore hypothesized that ethanol will synergistically increase fibrin accumulation caused by LPS, enhancing liver damage. Accordingly, the effect of ethanol pretreatment on LPS-induced liver injury and fibrin deposition was determined in mice. Ethanol enhanced liver damage caused by LPS, as determined by plasma parameters and histological indices of inflammation and damage. This effect was concomitant with a significant increase in PAI-1 expression. Extracellular fibrin accumulation caused by LPS was also robustly increased by ethanol preexposure. Coadministration of the thrombin inhibitor hirudin or the MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor U0126 significantly attenuated the enhanced liver damage caused by ethanol preexposure; this protection correlated with a significant blunting of the induction of PAI-1 caused by ethanol/LPS. Furthermore, thrombin/MEK inhibition prevented the synergistic effect of ethanol on the extracellular accumulation of fibrin caused by LPS. Similar protective effects on fibrin accumulation were observed in tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR-1) −/− mice or in wild-type injected with PAI-1-inactivating antibody. Conclusion: These results suggest that enhanced LPS-induced liver injury caused by ethanol is mediated, at least in part, by fibrin accumulation in livers, mediated by an inhibition of fibrinolysis by PAI-1. These results also support the hypothesis that fibrin accumulation may play a critical role in the development of early alcohol-induced liver injury. (Hepatology 2009.)
Using mortality data to estimate radiation effects on breast cancer incidence.
Authors: D G Hoel, G E Dinse
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

In this paper we combine Japanese data on radiation exposure and cancer mortality with U.S. data on cancer incidence and lethality to estimate the effects of ionizing radiation on cancer incidence. The analysis is based on the mathematical relationship between the mortality rate and the incidence and lethality rates, as well as on statistical models that relate Japanese incidence rates to U.S. incidence rates and radiation risk factors. Our approach assumes that the risk of death from causes other than the cancer does not depend on whether or not the cancer is present, and among individuals with the cancer, the risk of death attributable to the cancer is the same in Japan and the U.S. and is not affected by radiation exposure. In particular, we focus on the incidence of breast cancer in Japanese women and how this incidence is affected by radiation risk factors. The analysis uses Japanese exposure and mortality data from the Radiation Effects Research Foundation study of atomic bomb survivors and U.S. incidence and lethality data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry. Even without Japanese incidence data, we obtain reasonable estimates of the incidence of breast cancer in unexposed Japanese women and identify the radiation risk factors that affect this incidence. Our analysis demonstrates that the age at exposure is an important risk factor, but that the incidence of breast cancer is not affected by the city of residence (Nagasaki versus Hiroshima) or the time since exposure.
Ultrasound Imaging of the Thoracic Duct
Authors: Marcus Seeger, Burkhard Bewig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Recent advances in ultrasound imaging allow visualization of the cervical part of the thoracic duct. The movements of chyle and blood are identified with the use of a method of digital subtraction that separates static tissue from the flow in the vessels without the need for an enhancing contrast agent.
Reply to Kakutani et al.
Authors: J. Buscaglia, S. Jagannath
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We have read the letter by Kakutani et al. in the current issue. While we understand and appreciate their ethical concerns surrounding our recent publication in Endoscopy attempting to establish an animal model of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) [1], we strongly disagree with their position. In their own words, PEP continues to be “one of the most severe complications of interventional endoscopy,” affecting between 1 % and 22 % [2] [3] [4] of all patients undergoing ERCP. With the exception of pancreatic stent placement [5] [6], all other measures studied for the prevention of this disease have proven to be less effective. The cost, morbidity, and mortality associated with PEP is unacceptable, yet the practice of “pilot testing” unproven agents, maneuvers, or devices in humans should stop. As such, we firmly believe that an animal model mimicking PEP would serve as an invaluable platform for the initial study of pharmaceuticals and devices aimed at its prevention, thereby avoiding the wasteful use of resources while studying ineffective measures in humans. We strongly support thoughtful and ethical research in the prevention of PEP, and it is for this reason that our study was designed and carried forward under strict approval from our institution’s animal research review board – not for the sole purpose of obtaining “academic kudos.”
Psychophysiological hypotheses regarding multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome.
Authors: P M Lehrer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This paper proposes several hypotheses and research strategies for exploring possible psychological factors contributing to multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). The hypotheses are based on concepts of individual response stereotypy, situational response specificity, classical conditioning of chemical-induced responses, and psychophysiological reactions to active and passive coping orientations. Hypotheses regarding hypersensitivity to perception and/or aversiveness of chemical stimulation also are presented. Strategies for evaluating these hypotheses are described based on experimental literature on psychophysiology and psychophysics.
Barrier analysis of periocular drug delivery to the posterior segment
Authors: Veli-Pekka Ranta, Eliisa Mannermaa, Kirsi Lummepuro, Astrid Subrizi, Antti Laukkanen, Maxim Antopolsky, Lasse Murtomäki, Margit Hornof, Arto Urtti
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Rapid clearance of a structural isomer of bilirubin during phototherapy.
Authors: J F Ennever, A T Costarino, R A Polin, W T Speck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

During phototherapy for neonatal jaundice, bilirubin is converted into a variety of photoproducts. Determination of the relative importance of these photoproducts to the elimination of bilirubin requires knowledge of their rates of excretion. We have measured the rate at which the structural isomer of bilirubin, lumirubin, disappeared from the serum of nine jaundiced premature infants after the cessation of phototherapy. In all patients studied, the decline in serum lumirubin could be approximated by a first-order rate equation with a half-life of 80 to 158 min. This rate of disappearance is much faster than that previously determined for the other major bilirubin photoproducts. In samples of bile aspirated from the duodenum of infants undergoing phototherapy, lumirubin was the principal bilirubin photoproduct found. These results indicate that formation and excretion of lumirubin is an important route for bilirubin elimination during phototherapy.
Qualitative and Quantitative Measures of Indexed Health Sciences Electronic Journals
Authors: Ann C. Weller
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextLittle is known about qualitative and quantitative characteristics of indexed health sciences electronic journals (e-journals). MethodsTo determine peer-review practices and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of different types of indexed health sciences e-journals, 3 types of e-journals indexed in MEDLINE were compared (type 1, completely electronic with no print counterpart; type 2, print and electronic versions with the same title but each publishing some unique content; and type 3, print and electronic versions containing equal content).Results There were 13 type 1 journals, 16 type 2 journals, and 16 type 3 journals.Most journals in each category (85%-94%) imply or state the use of peer review.Significant differences (PϽ.05, analysis of variance) exist among the e-journals for the inclusion of complex types of publications (clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and practice guidelines) (15%-100%), editorials (0%-75%), letters to the editor (10%-88%), and case reports (17%-94%); the average number of items indexed in MEDLINE (22.5-544.5);and the number of complex publication types, editorials, letters, and case reports. ConclusionsType 1 e-journals do not have the qualitative or quantitative complexity of traditional print journals.Although editors' statements on editorial peer review are similar, there are differences in number and type of materials included in the 3 different types of e-journals.
Industrial and Occupational Ophthalmology
Authors: Herbert E. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This is a highly personal, readable account of industrial ophthalmology by a physician who has been engaged in this area for many years. The book begins with a discussion of visual testing. It explains the meaning of Snellin charts and their construction, and the methods of testing visual acuity. It defines binocular vision and considers methods of testing binocular vision. Visual fields are described, the normal is defined, and the standard tests used by the ophthalmologists are considered. Some of the newer screening tests for visual field defects that might be applicable to industry, however, are not discussed. Other visual functions such as color vision, muscle balance, and the instruments used to screen for these factors are also considered. This type of discussion is suitable for a nurse or a layman, but would almost certainly be too elementary for a physician. The next area explored is that of visual requirements
Distribution of myocardial blood flow in the exercising dog with restricted coronary artery inflow.
Authors: R M Ball, R J Bache
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The effect of a proximal coronary artery stenosis on transmural myocardial blood flow during exercise was studied in nine dogs with electromagnetic flowmeter probes and hydraulic occluders on the left circumflex coronary artery. Regional myocardial blood flow at rest and during treadmill exercise was estimated with radioactive microspheres 7-10 mum in diameter. Exercise studies were performed during unrestricted coronary artery inflow (control exercise) and during partial inflation of the occluder to a level which did not reduce flow at rest but which limited the increase in flow during exercise to 66 +/- 6% (mild restriction) or 44 +/- 3% (severe restriction) of the value during control exercise. Mean myocardial blood flow at rest was 0.94 +/- 0.06 ml/min per g of myocardium and increased to 2.45 +/- 0.15 ml/min per g during control exercise, with uniform distribution across the wall of the left ventricle. Flow to the subepicardial myocardium was significantly greater during exercise in the presence of a mild restriction than during control exercise, whereas flow to deeper layers of myocardium was progressively decreased below the control level. A similar pattern of redistribution of flow occurred during exercise in the presence of a severe restriction, but flow to all transmural layers was below that during mild restriction, resulting in more marked subendocardial underperfusion. Thus, exercise in the presence of stenosis resulted in transmural redistribution of myocardial blood flow with subendocardial underperfusion in proportion to the degree of restriction of coronary artery inflow.