tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antiplatelet Therapy on Mortality and Cardiovascular and Bleeding Outcomes in Persons With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Suetonia C. Palmer, Lucia Di Micco, Mona Razavian, Jonathan C. Craig, Vlado Perkovic, Fabio Pellegrini, Massimiliano Copetti, Giusi Graziano, Gianni Tognoni, Meg Jardine, Angela Webster, Antonio Nicolucci, Sophia Zoungas, Giovanni F.M. Strippoli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Antiplatelet agents are used to prevent cardiovascular events; however, treatment effects may differ in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because atherosclerotic disease is less prevalent, whereas bleeding hazards may be increased in this population. Purpose: To summarize the effects of antiplatelet treatment on cardiovascular events, mortality, and bleeding in persons with CKD. Data Sources: Embase and Cochrane databases through November 2011 without language restriction. Study Selection: Randomized trials that included adults with CKD and compared antiplatelet agents with standard care, placebo, or no treatment. Data Extraction: Data for populations, interventions, outcomes, and risk for bias were extracted. Quality of evidence for treatment effects on myocardial infarction, death, and bleeding was summarized by using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines. Data Synthesis: Nine trials (all post hoc subgroup analyses for CKD) involving 9969 persons who had acute coronary syndromes or were undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and 31 trials involving 11 701 persons with stable or no cardiovascular disease were identified. Low-quality evidence has found that in persons with acute coronary syndromes, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or clopidogrel plus standard care compared with standard care alone had little or no effect on all-cause or cardiovascular mortality or on myocardial infarction but increased serious bleeding. Compared with placebo or no treatment in persons with stable or no cardiovascular disease, antiplatelet agents prevented myocardial infarction but had uncertain effects on mortality and increased minor bleeding according to generally low-quality evidence. Limitations: Data for antiplatelet agents in persons with CKD are frequently derived from post hoc analyses of trials of broader populations. Definitions for bleeding outcomes and trial duration were heterogeneous. Conclusion: Benefits for antiplatelet therapy among persons with CKD are uncertain and are potentially outweighed by bleeding hazards. Primary Funding Source: None.
730 LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE (MMP)-1, MMP-3 AND MMP-9 PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS AND LIVER FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: S. Eisele, C.H. Oesterreicher, E. Patsenker, V. Schneider, F. Stickel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Common Surgical Problems: The Surgical Practice of the Cleveland Clinic
Authors: Edward R. Woodward
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book is useful reading and an excellent reference for the busy clinical general surgeon. It is brief and concise, in no sense a substitute for a reference textbook. Each disease entity commonly treated by the general surgeon is briefly described. The rationale for the surgical approach used by the Cleveland Clinic is presented. Then the operative procedure itself is presented in some detail. This is the unique and very desirable feature of the volume. The strong bias of the Clinic is presented without any apologies and is backed up by their enormous experience. Some controversial areas are obvious, as in their conservative approach to carcinoma of the breast. Some practices, such as the use of the Tom Jones stitch for abdominal closure, are almost unique to the Clinic. Nonetheless, the excellent results support their point of view. The sections involving upper gastrointestinal disease and colorectal disease are exceedingly well
INFANT DISEMBOWELED AT BIRTH—APPENDECTOMY SUCCESSFUL
Authors: Edward N. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1913)

I was called to attend Senora Y. A., a Mexican woman, in confinement, March 14. I found that the head of the infant was already free, and with the next pain, a moment later, the trunk was expelled. I was astonished at finding that the whole intestine, both small and large, was outside the abdominal cavity. Examination showed that the bowels had passed along inside the cord for about two inches, at which point the walls of the cord had ruptured, allowing the bowels to escape laterally. No preparations for the confinement had been made; the bed was filthily dirty and the mass of intestines was thickly sprinkled with bits of straw, feathers, crumbs of food and fecal matter from the mother. I had left the bedside of a woman just about to be delivered, in order to respond to this call. I hurriedly ligated the cord, delivered the placenta,
29 CB2 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AFFECTS HEPATIC FIBROSIS VIA LYMPHOCYTE ALTERATIONS AND HSC PHAGOCYTOSIS
Authors: Y. Avraham, S. Doron, J. Amer, N. Muhanna, L. Abu-Tir, R. Schneider, A. Wilkonsky, E. Berry, R. Safadi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Micro-RNA profiling reveals a role for miR-29 in human and murine liver fibrosis
Authors: Christoph Roderburg, Gerd-Willem Urban, Kira Bettermann, Mihael Vucur, Henning Zimmermann, Sabine Schmidt, Jörn Janssen, Christiane Koppe, Percy Knolle, Mirco Castoldi, Frank Tacke, Christian Trautwein, Tom Luedde
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Liver fibrosis is orchestrated by a complex network of signaling pathways regulating the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins during fibrogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of small noncoding RNAs controlling translation and transcription of many genes. Recently, miRNAs have been suggested to crucially modulate cellular processes in the liver such as hepatocarcinogenesis. However, their role in liver fibrosis is not well understood. We systematically analyzed the regulation of miRNAs in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride–induced hepatic fibrogenesis (CCl4) by gene array analysis, which revealed a panel of miRNA that were specifically regulated in livers of mice undergoing hepatic fibrosis. Within those, all three members of the miR-29-family were significantly down-regulated in livers of CCl4-treated mice as well as in mice that underwent bile duct ligation. Specific regulation of miR-29 members in murine fibrosis models correlated with lower expression of miR-29 in livers from patients with advanced liver fibrosis. Moreover, patients with advanced liver cirrhosis showed significantly lower levels of miR-29a in their serum when compared with healthy controls or patients with early fibrosis. On a cellular level, down-regulation of miR-29 in murine hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) as well as inflammatory signals, namely, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, overexpression of miR-29b in murine HSC resulted in down-regulation of collagen expression. Conclusion: Our data indicate that miR-29 mediates the regulation of liver fibrosis and is part of a signaling nexus involving TGF-β- and NF-κB–dependent down-regulation of miR-29 family members in HSC with subsequent up-regulation of extracellular matrix genes. Thus they may represent targets for novel therapeutic strategies against hepatic fibrogenesis and also might evolve as biomarkers in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2011.)
Kinetics of protective antibodies are determined by the viral surface antigen
Authors: Daniel D. Pinschewer, Mar Perez, Eswaraka Jeetendra, Thomas Bächi, Edit Horvath, Hans Hengartner, Michael A. Whitt, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Delayed and weak virus neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses represent a hallmark correlating not only with the establishment of persistent infection but also with unsuccessful vaccine development. Using a reverse genetic approach, we evaluated possible underlying mechanisms in 2 widely studied viral infection models. Swapping the glycoproteins (GPs) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV, naturally persisting, noncytolytic, inefficient nAb inducer) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, nonpersisting, cytolytic, potent nAb inducer) transferred the only target of nAb’s from either virus to the other. We analyzed the nAb response to each of the 2 recombinant and parent viruses in infected mice and found that nAb kinetics were solely determined by the viral surface GP and not by the virus backbone. Moreover, the slowly and poorly nAb-triggering LCMV virion was a potent immunogenic matrix for the more antigenic VSV-GP. These findings indicate that the viral GP determines nAb kinetics largely independently of the specific viral infection context. They further suggest that structural features of viral GPs or coevolutionary adaptation of the virus’s GP to the host’s naive B cell repertoire, or both, may critically limit nAb kinetics and improvement of vaccine efficacy.
A functional SNP in the leader sequence of the manganese superoxide dimutase gene is a predictor of breast cancer patient survival and response to chemotherapy.
Authors: SA Glynn, BJ Boersma, TM Howe, L Ridnour, D Wink, H Edvardsen, A Børresen-Dale, S Ambs
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6067 Background: A functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (SOD2) gene, characterized by a T-C transition located at codon 16, leads to a Val to Ala (Val16Ala) switch. The Val (T) allele disrupts the alpha-helix structure of SOD2 and causes the protein to be retained at the level of the mitochondrial inner membrane, with 30 to 40% lower activity and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. We investigated whether the Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism was associated with breast cancer survival.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Two independent populations, one from the United States (n=244) and from Norway (n=329) were genotyped for the Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism. Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the polymorphism and disease-specific survival, and response to chemotherapy.&amp;#x2028; Results: We observed an association between Ala (C) allele and an increased risk of disease specific mortality. Carriers of the Ala/Ala genotype had an increased risk of poor survival in the combined analysis (Greater Baltimore and Norwegian datasets combined) when compared to carriers of Val/Val genotype using multivariate Cox regression analysis [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16–3.07; p=0.011]. In the stratification analysis, the association was significant in those who underwent chemotherapy (HR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.44–4.47; p=0.001), compared to those who did not (HR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.16–1.94; p=0.353). Analysis by type chemotherapy received, showed that the Ala/Ala genotype had the strongest effect in patients receiving cyclophosphamide containing chemotherapy (HR = 18.88; 95% CI, 4.17–85.37; p&amp;lt;0.001). Other drugs with an effect included 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. These results suggest that the Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism may be a predictor of response to chemotherapy.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: We found that the Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism, was associated with breast cancer survival, and is a potential predictor of response to chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6067.
Jejunal Ulceration
Authors: Otis S. Warr
Journal: JAMA (1967)

SINCE the report of Baker et al<sup>1</sup>in November 1964, physicians have been alert to the possibility of patients receiving potassium therapy developing small-bowel ulcerations. Nearly all reports have emphasized the role of enteric-coated potassium chloride as the cause of such lesions. This has made many physicians believe that aqueous solutions of potassium may be given without the danger of such a complication. Therefore, it seems appropriate to report our experience with a patient who developed an acute obstructing ulcer of the jejunum while receiving potassium gluconate (Kaon Elixir). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 67-year-old chronic alcoholic, very obese, white woman was admitted to the hospital on the evening of Jan 5, 1966, because of nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, cough, dyspnea, and nervousness. Her alcohol and weight problem began at least 30 years previously. Roentgenographic studies in the past had demonstrated a diverticulum of the duodenum, a small hiatal
INS37217 Nasal Spray, a P2Y2 receptor agonist, as a novel treatment for common cold*1
Authors: B. Winther, D. Henry, A.E. Schaberg, K.L. Kuhn, L. Keyes-Elstein, D.J. Kellerman, F.G. Hayden
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Maintenance Digoxin in Elderly Patients
Authors: J. L. C. Dall
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Digitalis glycosides remain the cornerstone of treatment in cardiac failure. The increasing frequency of toxic effects is a cause for concern. Review of 80 elderly patients receiving digoxin on a maintenance basis, some of whom had toxic effects, shows that in almost three-quarters of the group digoxin was stopped without detriment. Elderly patients on maintenance treatment should be reviewed, and in the absence of a known primary cardiac lesion an attempt should be made to withdraw digoxin.
Cerebrovascular events after myocardial infarction: analysis of the GISSI trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI).
Authors: A P Maggioni, M G Franzosi, M L Farina, E Santoro, M G Celani, S Ricci, G Tognoni
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVES--To describe the epidemiology of cerebrovascular events in patients given or not given fibrinolytic treatment and to assess the prognostic implications and risk factors. DESIGN--Case series derived from the GISSI randomised trial. SETTING--176 coronary care units in Italy giving various levels of care. PATIENTS--5860 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with 1.5 million units of intravenous streptokinase and 5852 patients not given fibrinolytic treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cerebrovascular event, sex, age, blood pressure, history of previous infarct, site of infarction, and Killip class. RESULTS--99 of 11,712 patients (0.84%) had a cerebrovascular event. Older age, worse Killip class, and anterior location of infarction seemed to be risk factors for cerebrovascular events (40/3201 aged 65-75 v 42/7295 aged less than 65, odds ratio 2.18; 9/437 class 3 v 55/8277 class 1, 1.81; and 57/4878 anterior v 24/4013 posterior, 1.96). No significant difference was found in the rate of cerebrovascular events between patients treated with streptokinase and controls (45/5852 (0.92%) streptokinase v 54/5860 (0.77) control). More patients in the streptokinase group than in the control group had cerebrovascular events (especially haemorrhagic strokes) on day 0-1 after randomisation (27 streptokinase v 7, control), although this was balanced by late events in control patients (54 streptokinase v 45 control at one year). The mortality of patients who had a cerebrovascular event was higher than that of those who did not (47% (47/99) v 11.6% (1350/11,613]. CONCLUSIONS--Although the incidence of cerebrovascular events complicating myocardial infarction was low, they increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment with streptokinase did not significantly alter the incidence, but age and poor haemodynamic state were associated with an increased risk.
MANUAL WORK IN THE TREATMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL NERVOUS DISEASES
Authors: HERBERT J. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The task of treating the functional nervous diseases is so important and so perplexing that you who know the subject best will be most willing to weigh the experience of any one who has honestly investigated in the field. For this reason, although a general practitioner, making no claim to especial neurologic training, I venture to lay before you my conclusions after some years' experience with manual work as a remedy. <h3>THE RATIONALE OF WORK</h3> In order to understand the effectiveness of this simple therapeutic adaptation, we must assume that rational occupation of some kind is an essential of sound and successful living. We must also appreciate that in the functional nervous diseases, we shall not commonly find the patient rationally occupied but either overworking or idle. We shall also usually find that the patient, whether he is idle or overworked, has adjusted his mental and physical habits to his
Universal infant immunization and occult hepatitis B virus infection in children and adolescents: A population‐based study
Authors: Hong‐Yuan Hsu, Mei‐Hwei Chang, Yen‐Hsuan Ni, Cheng‐Lun Chiang, Jia‐Feng Wu, Huey‐Ling Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

To determine whether universal infant immunization affects occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI), serum samples from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative subjects &lt;18 years enrolled during six sequential seroepidemiological surveys conducted between 1984 (just before universal infant immunization) and 2009 were analyzed. Study subjects were divided into unvaccinated cohorts (born before 1984) and vaccinated cohorts (born after 1984). HBV‐DNA positivity was determined by positivity of nested polymerase chain reaction in at least two of three regions (pre‐S, S, and pre‐core/core genes). OBI frequency was lower in vaccinated than unvaccinated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc)‐negative subjects (0 of 392 [0%] vs. 4 of 218 [1.8%]; P = 0.007), tended to be higher in vaccinated than unvaccinated anti‐HBc‐positive subjects (16 of 334 [4.8%] vs. 3 of 181 [1.7%]; P = 0.072), and was higher in vaccinated than unvaccinated subjects seropositive for both antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) and anti‐HBc (13 of 233 [5.6%] vs. 3 of 170 [1.8%]; P = 0.025). By using known anti‐HBc seropositivity rate in children in our serosurveys, the estimated OBI frequency per 10 4 HBsAg‐negative subjects declined from 160.7 in unvaccinated cohorts to 11.5 in vaccinated cohorts. In vaccinated cohorts, OBI frequency was higher in anti‐HBc‐positive subjects than in anti‐HBc‐negative subjects (16 of 334 [4.8%] vs. 0 of 392 [0%]; P &lt; 0.001). Subjects with OBI had much lower viral load ( P &lt; 0.001) and a trend of higher mutation rates in “a” determinant of HBsAg than age‐comparable, HBsAg‐positive subjects. Conclusions : Reduction of OBI in immunized subjects complements the well‐documented universal infant immunization‐related benefit of markedly reduced overt HBV infection. Breakthrough infections in immunized subjects seem to associate with more occurrence of OBI than natural infections in unvaccinated subjects. In the postvaccination era, anti‐HBc seropositivity is a useful marker for OBI screening in HBsAg‐negative subjects, and a very‐low‐level viral replication and HBsAg expression is the major mechanism underlying OBI. (H epatology 2015;61:1183–1191)
Quantitation of chronic mitral regurgitation using the flow convergence method: Impact of selection of allasing velocity and distance of the isovelocity surface from the regurgitant orifice: Studies in a chronic animal model
Authors: Shuping Ge, Izumi Yamada, Takahiro Shiota, Michael Jones, Dag Teien, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Carbon monoxide poisoning: Optics and histology of skin and blood
Authors: G. H. FINDLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Carbon monoxide poisoning: Optics and histology of skin and blood Get access G. H. FINDLAY G. H. FINDLAY Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 667, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 1, 1 July 1988, Pages 45–51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb07099.x Published: 01 July 1988
Bile acids inhibit endotoxin-induced release of tumor necrosis factor by monocytes: An in Vitro study
Authors: Jan Willem Greve, Dirk J. Gouma, Wim A. Buurman
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Endotoxins play an important role in the pathogenesis of complications of surgery in obstructive jaundice. Preoperative treatment with orally administered deoxycholic acid prevented endotoxin-related complications, such as renal malfunction. Other bile acids, however, were less effective, and the mechanism of action is not known. Endotoxin toxicity is considered to be largely mediated by tumor necrosis factor/cachectin, a cytokine release by mononucler phagocytes. Therefore, we studied the influence of different bile acids on endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor production by monocytes in vitro. Bile acids inhibit tumor necrosis factor production through a direct inhibitory effect on the monocytes. Deoxycholic acid was the most effective, chenodeoxycholic acid was less effective and ursodeoxycholic acid was ineffective in the concentrations used. Bile acids did not inactivate endotoxin as measured in a chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. The therapeutic effect of bile acids in obstructive jaundice can be explained by an inhibition of endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor release by mononuclear phagocytes.
Quality Of Life In Patients Taking Guaifenesin And Pseudoephedrine In An Extended-release Bi-layer Tablet As First-line Symptomatic Therapy For Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URI)
Authors: H.G. Mariano Jr., G. Solomon, E.C. Steward, H.H. Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Suboptimal platelet inhibition with tirofiban in patients undergoing coronary intervention for unstable angina
Authors: Daniel Soffer, William W. O'Neill, Kishore J. Harjai, Murat Karatepe, Judith Boura, Simon R. Dixon, Robert D. Safian, Cindy L. Grines, Jeffrey W. Moses, Issam Moussa, Gary S. Roubin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)