tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Electrocardiogram after Mastectomy
Authors: CHARLES S. LAMONTE, ALVIN H. FREIMAN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The electrocardiograms before and after operation have been compared in 20 patients undergoing left mastectomy and in 19 patients undergoing right mastectomy. There are highly significant increases in the amplitude of the QRS complexes recorded over the precordium after left mastectomy, except in lead V 6 . There are highly significant increases in the amplitude of the QRS complexes of leads V 3R and V 1 after both left and right mastectomy. These data are not completely explained by a diminution of distance between the recording electrode and the myocardium or of electrical resistance following the excision of soft tissue. The possible relationship is suggested between the precordial voltage changes and the altered thoracic volume conductor.
Bronchoscopy in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
Authors: Bekele Afessa, Rolf D. Hubmayr, Emily A. Vetter, Mark T. Keegan, Karen L. Swanson, Larry M. Baddour, Franklin R. Cockerill, Steve G. Peters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Although the serial dilution technique for quantitative culture of bronchoalveolar fluid is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is more labor intensive than the calibrated loop technique.We sought to determine the agreement between the calibrated loop and serial dilution techniques in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.We prospectively measured bacterial colony counts by the serial dilution and calibrated loop techniques in 121 bronchoalveolar lavage samples of 104 patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia.At the time of bronchoscopy, patients had received mechanical ventilation for a median of 8 d. Patients were receiving antibiotics when 90 of the 121 (74.4%) bronchoalveolar samples were obtained. The colony counts of 13 bacterial isolates were too numerous to count by the calibrated loop technique; by serial dilution technique, their counts ranged from 4.70 to 6.74 log10 cfu/ml. Fifty other bacteria had paired colony counts measured by each of the two techniques: the bias (95% confidence interval) between the two techniques was -0.380 (-0.665 to -0.095) log10 cfu/ml, with precision of 1.002 log10 cfu/ml and 95% limits of agreement of -2.344 to 1.584 log10 cfu/ml. Using the threshold of 4 log10 cfu/ml as a criterion for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia, there was discordance only for one bacterial organism between the two techniques.The calibrated loop technique can be used for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Corrigendum to “Letter to the Editor – An unexpected isolate of Hafnia alvei with reduced susceptibility to cefoxitin” [Journal of Infection 57 (2008) 165–166]
Authors: Vincenzo Savini, Giovanni Di Bonaventura, Chiara Catavitello, Marzia Talia, Assunta Manna, Andrea Balbinot, Fabio Febbo, Raffaele Piccolomini, Domenico D'Antonio
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Differential requirements for interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 in protein contact dermatitis induced by <i>Anisakis</i>
Authors: N. Nieuwenhuizen, D. R. Herbert, F. Brombacher, A. L. Lopata
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Exposure to antigens of the fish parasite Anisakis is associated with the development of protein contact dermatitis in seafood-processing workers. Understanding the basic mechanisms controlling allergic sensitization through the skin is critical for designing therapies that will prevent the progression of allergic disease.To investigate the roles of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and the IL-4Ralpha in both local skin pathology and systemic sensitization following epicutaneous exposure to Anisakis proteins.BALB/c wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in IL-4, IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13, as well as mice with cell-specific impairment of IL-4Ralpha expression, were sensitized to Anisakis antigen by repeated epicutaneous application of Anisakis extract. Following this sensitization, skin pathology was recorded and systemic responses were investigated. Intravenous challenge with Anisakis extract was performed to test for the development of biologically relevant systemic sensitization.In WT mice, epicutaneous sensitization with Anisakis larval antigens induced localized inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, production of T(H)2 cytokines, antigen-specific IgE and IgG1. Intravenous challenge of sensitized mice resulted in anaphylactic shock. Interestingly, IL-13 deficient mice failed to develop epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation, whilst anaphylaxis was reduced only in strains deficient either in IL-4 only, or deficient in IL-4 and IL-13 concurrently, as well as in mice deficient in IL-4Ralpha or with impaired IL-4Ralpha expression on CD4(+) T cells.Interleukin-13 plays a central role in protein contact dermatitis associated with repeated epicutaneous exposure to Anisakis extract, whereas IL-4 drives systemic sensitization and resultant anaphylactic shock.
The combined influence of substrate elasticity and surface-grafted molecules on the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Suresh S. Kumar, Jui-Hsiang Hsiao, Qing-Dong Ling, Ida Dulinska-Molak, Guoping Chen, Yung Chang, Yu Chang, Yung Hung Chen, Da-Chung Chen, Shih-Tien Hsu, Akon Higuchi
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Annexin A5 Scintigraphy of Forearm as a Novel In Vivo Model of Skeletal Muscle Preconditioning in Humans
Authors: Gerard A. Rongen, Wim J.G. Oyen, Bart P. Ramakers, Niels P. Riksen, Otto C. Boerman, Neil Steinmetz, Paul Smits
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Nonlethal ischemia and reperfusion reduce ischemia-reperfusion-induced cell death, a phenomenon called ischemic preconditioning. In animal models, this potent endogenous protection is mimicked in vivo by administration of adenosine. In humans, exploitation of ischemic preconditioning is hindered by the lack of an appropriate in vivo model to study this phenomenon. To solve this problem, we aimed to set up an easy-to-use human in vivo model to study ischemic or pharmacological preconditioning.Healthy male volunteers performed unilateral ischemic handgrip. At reperfusion, we intravenously injected technetium-99m-labeled Annexin A5, a presumed marker of ischemic injury, and we imaged both forearms and hands simultaneously with a gamma camera. Region of interest analysis (counts per pixel) and subsequent calculation of the percentage difference in radioactivity between experimental and control hands (thenar muscle; mean+/-SE) revealed significant uptake to the ischemically exercised tissue (26+/-3% at 4 hours after reperfusion; P<0.05). This selective localization of Annexin A5 was reduced by ischemic preconditioning (10 minutes of ischemia plus reperfusion before ischemic exercise) or by infusion of adenosine into the brachial artery to 6+/-1% and 10+/-3%, respectively (P<0.05 versus ischemic exercise alone), resembling observations in animal models with infarct size as an end point. Appropriate control experiments supported our conclusion.Annexin A5 scintigraphy can be applied to test pharmacological or physiological interventions for their ability to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Peripheral melatonin mediates neural stimulation of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion
Authors: Markus Sjöblom, Gunilla Jedstedt, Gunnar Flemström
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Melatonin is released from intestinal enterochromaffin cells and from the pineal gland, but its role in gastrointestinal function is largely unknown. Our aim was to study the involvement of intestinal and central nervous melatonin in the neurohumoral control of the duodenal mucosa-protective bicarbonate secretion. Working in anesthetized rats, we cannulated a 12-mm segment of duodenum with an intact blood supply and titrated the local bicarbonate secretion with pH-stat. Melatonin and receptor ligands were supplied to the duodenum by close intra-arterial infusion. Even at low doses, melatonin and the full agonist 2-iodo-N-butanoyl-5-methoxytryptamine increased duodenal bicarbonate secretion. Responses were inhibited by the predominantly MT2-selective antagonist luzindole but not by prazosin, acting at MT3 receptors. Also, luzindole almost abolished the marked rise in secretion induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of the adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. This response was also abolished by sublaryngeal ligation of all nerves around the carotid arteries. However, it was insensitive to truncal vagotomy alone or sympathectomy alone and was unaffected by removal of either the pineal gland or pituitary gland. Thus, melatonin stimulates duodenal bicarbonate secretion via action at enterocyte MT2-receptors and mediates neural stimulation of the secretion.
Ovulation Suppressor Contraception and Depression
Authors: FREDERICK J. ZIEGLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Editorial Notes1 May 1971Ovulation Suppressor Contraception and DepressionFREDERICK J. ZIEGLER, M.D.FREDERICK J. ZIEGLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-791 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDepression as a side effect of contraception with ovulation suppressors has been a popular topic in British medicine; on this side of the Atlantic the subject has been viewed in a wider context. After early (1963) reports of depression occurring with ovulation-suppressor medication, most American studies have reported that women using pill contraception were not tending, as a group, to become more depressed while taking pills. Bakker and Dightman (1) studied 100 women taking norethynodrel and mestranol (Enovid®) over a 4-year period, using questionnaires, interviews, and psychological tests. Occurrences of depression were intelligible as psychodynamic and life situation responses. Depression...References1. BARKERDIGHTMAN CC: Side effects of oral contraceptives. Amer J Obstet Gynec 28:373-379, 1966 Google Scholar2. MURAWSKISAPIRSHULMAN BPN: An investigation of mood states in women taking oral contraceptives. Fertil Steril 19:50-63, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MOOS R: Psychological aspects of oral contraceptives. Arch Gen Psychiat (Chicago) 19:87-94, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ZIEGLERRODGERSKRIEGSMAN FDS: Ovulation suppressors, psychological functioning, and marital adjustment. JAMA 204:849-853, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GRANTPRYSE-DAVIES EJ: Effect of oral contraceptives on depressive mood changes and on endometrial monoamine oxidase and phosphatases. Brit Med J 3:777-780, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HERZBERGJOHNSONBROWN BAS: Depressive symptoms and oral contraceptives. Brit Med J 4:142-145, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. ROSE D: Oral contraceptives and depression. Lancet 2:321, 1969 CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. KANELIPTONKRALL FMA: Psychoendocrine study of oral contraceptive agents. Amer J Psychiat 127:443-450, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mental Health Center Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula Carmel, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAntidepressant DrugsOral Contraceptives: Therapeutics versus Adverse Reactions, with an Outlook for the Future II* 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 791-791KeywordsContraceptivesOvulationQuestionnaires Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Neurotoxicity and behavioral effects of thiram in rats.
Authors: C C Lee, P J Peters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Eight of 24 female rats fed 66.9 mg/kg-day of thiram developed neurotoxicity. The neurotoxic effects were characterized by ataxia and paralysis of the hind legs. There were demyelination, degeneration of the axis cylinders, and presence of macrophages in the nerve bundle of the sciatic nerve. Degeneration in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar region of the spinal cord was evidenced by chromatolysis of motorneurons, pyknosis, and satellitosis. During a second experiment, 4 of 24 females fed 65.8 mg/kg--day also developed ataxia and paralysis. An additional 9 females showed clasping of the hind feet when picked up by the tail. Nerve conduction could not be measured for one severely ataxic rat and the electromyogram indicated a loss of motor unit function. Histopathology of this rat, along with the others, suggests the peripheral nerve as the primary site of the lesion. Thiram also caused behavioral changes in apparently normal rats. The walking pattern of the hind legs was altered with decreases in stride width and the angle between contralateral steps. These rats required significantly more shock-motivations and cleared a lower height in a jump/climb ability test. An open-field study indicated that thiram caused hyperactivity in the nonataxic rats of both sexes. Three of 24 rats fed 95.8 mg/kg-day of ferbam also developed ataxia or paralysis.
LACHRYMAL STENOSIS IN INFANTS AND ITS TREATMENT.
Authors: DUNBAR ROY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

If one will examine the various text-books on ophthalmology, he will be unable to find any reference to the subject of the treatment of lachrymal stenosis in infants. The conclusion therefore derived is, that such a condition in infants is treated in the same manner as in adults. This I consider erroneous teaching. Very grave injury would frequently be done to the lachrymal passages of these tender little individuals if the same ruthless probing and cutting were done as is frequently the case among adults. During the last four years of my practice, I have had six cases of lachrymal stenosis in infants, all of which recovered perfectly without instrumental interference, and one case presented some such striking features, whether as a coincident or as a causal relationship I do not know, that I shall take the liberty of referring to it more in detail. In speaking of lachrymal stenosis
Difference in Presentation of Charcot Osteoarthropathy in Type 1 Compared With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nina L. Petrova, Alethea V.M. Foster, Michael E. Edmonds
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The majority of patients developing Charcot osteoarthropathy (COA) are in their 6th and 7th decades, and 80% of them have had diabetes for over 10 years (1). However, no reports have assessed the differences in the demographic features of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the age of presentation and duration of diabetes at the onset of COA in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

We reviewed 85 patients presenting with acute COA to the Diabetic Foot Clinic. In agreement with previous studies, their mean age was 51 ± 12.4 …
COMPARISON OF EXERCISE MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING AND EXERCISE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN DETECTING ISCHEMIA IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: RESULT OF A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY IN DEVELOPING NATIONS
Authors: Fadi G. Hage, Lara Lusa, Maurizio Dondi, Raffaele Giubbini, Ami E. Iskandrian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Overall asthma control: The relationship between current control and future risk
Authors: Eric D. Bateman, Helen K. Reddel, Göran Eriksson, Stefan Peterson, Ollie Östlund, Malcolm R. Sears, Christine Jenkins, Marc Humbert, Roland Buhl, Tim W. Harrison, Santiago Quirce, Paul M. O'Byrne
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Alcohol in the Third World
Authors: K J Kimmance
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To determine whether internal components of powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) used during the Corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic are contaminated with bacteria, fungi and/or any viral material. <h3>DESIGN &amp; SETTING</h3> In situ microbiological study. Single NHS Trust, UK. <h3>OUTCOME MEASURES</h3> Growth of any bacteria or fungi, or positive polymerase chain reaction results for common respiratory viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) <h3>RESULTS</h3> 25 PAPR hoods were swabbed; ten (40%) returned positive results. Bacterial growth was detected on six hoods (bacillus simplex, kocuria rhizophilia, bacillus weihenstephensis, microcccus luteus and staphylococcus epidermidis); five of the hoods were positive for fungal growth (non-sporulating environmental mould, NSEM); all sampled hoods tested negative for both SARS-CoV-2 and an expanded panel of respiratory viruses. There was wide variation in the storage of cleaned hoods. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Despite following recommended cleaning procedures, bacteria and fungi can remain on the internal components of PAPR hoods, at levels significant enough to be swabbed and cultured. PAPR hoods have the potential to cross-infect wearers and patients and are used primarily by clinicians who fail to fit disposable FFP3 respirators; the female sex and non-Caucasian people are less likely to fit FFP3 respirators. The hoods tested cannot be adequately cleaned for use in high risk healthcare environments, PAPR hoods and tubes can act as fomites, and there are evident shortcomings in their provision. <h3>SUMMARY</h3> <h3>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC</h3> Prior to this study there had been no similar investigations looking at the microbiological contamination of PAPR hoods in situ in the real work place hospital environment. SARS-CoV-2 is able to persist in an infective state on surfaces for up to 72 hours. The possibility of internal contamination of PAPR had never been addressed by manufacturers as the hoods were not designed for shared usage. <h3>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3> PAPR hoods in their current form risk transmitting infection between users, and do not protect patients from infected healthcare workers It is possible to detect biological agents within the PAPR hoods despite cleaning as per guidelines An infected asymptomatic carrier is at risk of infecting those around them due to contaminated exhalation
Diagnosis of Amphetamine Addiction
Authors: C. W. M. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

General.From my own experience as a junior hospital medical officer, I would say that little thought is given to the death certificate as a legal testimony, and none at all to its providing scientific data.It is signed solely in the interests of expediency to the doctor or to the relatives of the dead person.I once attended a hospital post-mortem examination of one of my patients, an emaciated, self-neglected, elderly woman who had died some days after admission to hospital.Finding no specific cause of death- indeed he remarked on the unusually healthy appearance of the organs, particularly the lungs, in a person of her age-the pathologist concluded the woman must have died from malnutrition.Malnutrition is not an " acceptable " cause of death in London, any more than it is in the Middle East.It was at once proposed, in order to avoid " every- one's wasting time with the Coroner," to record a death from bronchopneumonia.*So the interesting fact of a death from malnutri- tion, or perhaps, better still, " cause unknown," was lost, and the nation's Health Service continues to be planned on the result- ing data.This was a case where an inaccuracy was recorded consciously.Un- conscious or unheeded misrepresentations probably occur in a large number of certi- ficates signed.-Iam, etc., Brighton, Sussex.
537Microparticles and exosomes differentially impact on endothelial cell function in coronary artery disease
Authors: N Kraenkel, S Briand, E Straessler, M Uhlemann, V Adams, G C Schuler, T F Luescher, S Moebius-Winkler, U Landmesser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background and Purpose: Microparticles (MPs) and exosomes are released by cells using different mechanisms. Thus, quantitative as well as qualitative changes of both particle populations, MPs and exosomes, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) might reflect an altered activation status of the endothelium, platelets and leukocytes. Moreover, they might exert differential effects on the target organs, such as the endothelium. Yet, alterations in both populations have not been studied side-by-side so far. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of MPs and exosomes from healthy subjects and CAD patients on endothelial cell (EC) functional characteristics. Methods: MPs and exosomes were isolated by stepwise filtration and ultracentrifugation from citrate-plasma and verified by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. MP and exosome fractions, as well as the vehicle (PBS), were added to human arterial ECs and EC apoptosis, number, size, capacity for in vitro-reendothelialisation after scratching, expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were assessed. In parallel, platelet-, endothelial- and leukocyte-derived MPs were quantified. In a separate sub-study, the same parameters were assessed in plasma of CAD patients undergoing standard medical rehabilitation or an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programme. Results: MPs of healthy, but not of CAD patients supported in vitro re-endothelialisation, while exosomes had no influence. Exercise, but not standard rehabilitation improved CAD MP capacity to support in vitro rehabilitation. This was negatively correlated to the number of leukocyte- and endothelial-derived MPs, but not total or platelet MPs. EC number was negatively affected by exposure to CAD MPs. ANCOVA analysis identified disease, but not the particle type as influencing factor. Instead, apoptotic cell death was influenced by particle type, but not by the disease, and was not altered in rehabilitation. Similarly, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were enhanced on ECs after incubation with exosomes, but not with MPs, with no effect of disease or rehabilitation. Conclusion: MPs and exosomes differentially affect endothelial cell function and underlie differential modulation in disease and rehabilitation. Those findings might in the future help to optimize and monitor cardiovascular therapy.
Leading Causes of Death in the United States
Authors: J. A. Cutler
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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Markedly Dilated Right Heart 17 Years After Initial Treatment Repaired by Total Right Ventricular Exclusion and Total Cavopulmonary Connection
Authors: Taro Kariya, Yasushi Imai, Arata Murakami, Sachito Minegishi, Tatsuo Katori, Hitoshi Kato, Kohsuke Ajiki, Yasunobu Hirata, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2008)