tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5533: A RT-PCR study of cytokine expression with macrophages and tumors
Authors: Chas Syndergaard, Daniel C. Knechtel, Daniel N. Clark, Mary A. Keller, Kim O'Neill, Richard A. Robison
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Macrophages (MØ) are very important in initiating and directing an immune response. However, it has been noted that when MØ are in the presence of a tumor, they often undergo a change in phenotype. In this environment, MØ will be converted from an aggressive phenotype (M1) to one that promotes tissue remodeling and repair (M2) through a process that is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to identify which cytokines, in both MØ and cancer cells, show altered expression when the two are in close proximity. To accomplish this, MCF-7 (breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), and HT29 (colon cancer) cell cultures were grown in prescribed media followed by a 48-hour co-incubation with whole blood MØ. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive control of an M1-type stimulation. The cytokine levels of both the cancer cells and MØ were then analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPRC) for expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Mathematical calculations were analyzed using a Step One® comparative quantification program and the cytokine expression equation 2⁁-(Δct1- Δct2). MØ IL-1β showed a fold change of 2.76, 1.58, 0.95, 3.09, 10.11 when exposed to MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and HT29 cells and LPS respectively. These expressions correlated with the aggressiveness of the cancer. Aggressive MDA-MB-435's down regulated IL-1β. Fold change in MIF expression was 3.14, 1.33, 7.56, and 1.22 in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and HT29 cells respectively. HT29's had the lowest expression levels suggesting one reason why it's been reported that infiltration of MØ happens properly in colon cancers. Fold expression in MØ expression of TNF-α was 1.34, 1.65, 1.10, and 0.85 with MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and HT29 cells respectively. An interesting finding that warrants further investigation was in regards to the colon cancer. We observed with interest that the colon cancer line, HT29, caused a decrease in expression of MØ TNF-α. These findings show that colon cancer HT29 decreases TNF-α expression whereas other tested cancer lines did not. This suggests that colon cancers might evade the immune system by regulating MØ TNF-α, an important factor in initiating the caspase-8 regulated apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that each cancer has an individual method in managing it's microenvironment in respect to MØ. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5533. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5533
A theme issue by, for, and about Africa
Authors: Isaac D Gukas, Barbara A Jennings, Samuel J Leinster, Ian Harvey
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A theme issue by, for, and about Africa Results from Ugandan programme preventing maternal transmission of HIVEditor-Since the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child was first shown, much effort has been devoted in many countries in Africa to implement sustainable regimens. [1]2][3][4] To identify potential reasons affecting uptake we evaluated the five year performance of a programme at St Francis Hospital Nsambya in Kampala, Uganda.The programme included voluntary counselling and confidential HIV testing for pregnant women and administration of antiretroviral prophylaxis in the peripartum period (zidovudine or nevirapine) for HIV positive women.Overall 24 133 women received counselling, 76% (18 384) agreed to be tested, and 2011 (10.9%) were HIV positive; 1341 (66.7% of the HIV positive women) were enrolled in the programme and received antiretroviral drugs.Acceptance of the test increased from 72.7% (9103/12 524) in 2000-2 to 79.9% (9281/11 609) in 2003-4, when a drug access programme became available in the hospital.Acceptance of the test and enrolment in the programme were lower in married or cohabitating women (test acceptance rate 72.9% (7735/10 605)) than single women (78% (860/1106)), indicating that the fear of being identified as HIV positive in the family is still a strong limiting factor and that men could have an important role.Acceptance of the test was lower in women belonging to the local tribe in Kampala (Baganda), probably because of fear of being recognised by hospital health workers.Higher education was associated with a lower prevalence of HIV and a higher enrolment in the programme, confirming that education can have a key role not only in protecting against HIV but also in allowing HIV positive people to benefit from existing measures against the spread of HIV.
Unusual cause of central dislocation of the hip.
Authors: P R Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In British literature central dislocation of the hip is mostly attributed to road-traffic accidents.In the present case fracture occurred in a normal, healthy woman while playing netball.Case Report A 23-year-old teacher of physical training was admitted to another hospital on 28 February 1971 with a history of sudden onset of pain in the right hip during a game of netball played on a con- crete surface.She stated that she had jumped about 3 ft (91 cm) into the air and landed on her right heel with the knee locked in extension and t-he hip flexed at about 100.She was unable to walk after the injury and an x-ray film taken on admission showed a fractured acetabulum (Fig. ) She was treated with skin traction in a Thomas splint.There was no history of previous fractures, X-ray film on 28 February 1971 showing fracture of right acetabulum.she did not complain of any abnormal symptoms, and she had not had any illnesses and was not taking drugs.Her height was 5 ft 81 in (144 cm) and her weight 10 st 6 lb (66 kg).Full physical examination showed nothing abnormal.Three days later she was transferred to this hospital, where again no physical signs were found.Examination of the right hip showed flexion to 90°, extension full, internal rotation 5°and painful, external rotation 450, abduction 35°, adduction normaL She was treated with simple skin traction for a month and physiotherapy (non-weight bearing) mnd was allowed home on crutches on 4 April.
DHA-Paclitaxel (Taxoprexin) as First-Line Treatment in Patients with Stage IIIB or IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Report of a Phase II Open-Label Multicenter Trial
Authors: Miranda Payne, Paul Ellis, David Dunlop, Malcolm Ranson, Sarah Danson, Lee Schacter, Denis Talbot
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Health Against Wealth
Authors: Deborah Shlian
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Whether you are for or against managed care, this book is a must-read. George Anders, senior writer for the<i>Wall Street Journal</i>, has spent the last 4 years covering the health care marketplace. To write<i>Health Against Wealth</i>he took a year's sabbatical, researching the industry in depth and talking with every level of provider, payer, and consumer. The result is an outsider's critical, often provocative, but generally balanced view of managed care and managed care organizations. Although he still favors the philosophy of managed care, Anders acknowledges the inherent difficulties in balancing business performance promised to stockholders with quality and quantity of health care delivered to health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollees—especially as sicker and older people sign up with managed care plans. In the early part of the book, Anders outlines the economic and social pressures spurring the accelerated growth of the managed care revolution. He explains that the
Scleroderma and portal hypertension.
Authors: J S Morris, T Htut, A E Read
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

Relationships between scleroderma and the gastrointestinal tract are well documented but involvement of the liver in this disease is less well recognized.The present communication describes four patients with scleroderma, each of whom had coincident liver disease. Case reportsCase 1, a 53-year-old woman was diagnosed as having hypertension in 1963.The blood pressure was controlled with a diuretic.Later that year she developed Raynaud's phenomenon in both hands and dysphagia became a prominent symptom.In 1968 she was admitted to hospital with a haema- temesis and melaena and after preliminary investigations was transferred to the Bristol Royal Infirmary.
Transferrin metabolism in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Barry J. Potter, Roger W.G. Chapman, Rosa M. Nunes, Dario Sorrentino, Sheila Sherlock
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The metabolism of transferrin was studied using purified 125I-labeled transferrin in 11 alcoholic patients; six with fatty liver and five with cirrhosis. Six healthy subjects whose alcohol intake was les than 40 gm daily were studied as a control group. There were no significant differences in the mean fractional catabolic rate and plasma volume in the alcoholic groups when compared with control subjects. A significantly decreased mean serum transferrin concentration was found in the alcoholic cirrhotic patients (1.8 +/- 0.3 gm per liter vs. 2.9 +/- 0.2; p less than 0.01), resulting from diminished total body synthesis (0.9 +/- 0.2 mg per kg per hr vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2; p less than 0.01). In contrast, in the patients with alcoholic fatty liver, the mean total body transferrin synthesis (2.4 +/- 0.3 mg per kg per hr) was significantly increased when compared with controls (p less than 0.05). For all the alcoholic patients, the serum transferrin correlated with transferrin synthesis (r = + 0.70; p less than 0.01) but the serum iron did not. These results suggest that, in alcoholic cirrhosis, transferrin synthesis is decreased, probably reflecting diminished synthetic capacity by the liver. In contrast, in patients with alcoholic fatty liver, transferrin turnover is accelerated.
Vitamin D sufficiency in pregnancy
Authors: R. Lucas, F. Xiang, A.-L. Ponsonby
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Better evidence is required to establish optimal levels and need for supplementation

One year ago, the chief medical officers of the United Kingdom recommended that “All pregnant and breastfeeding women should take a daily supplement containing 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D,” to counter the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. This was aimed at reducing the associated consequences of deficiency, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.1

In a linked meta-analysis (doi:10.1136/bmj.f1169), Aghajafari and colleagues look beyond bone health to other adverse health outcomes for mother and baby.2 Previous systematic reviews have highlighted challenges in combining data from different studies, including diverse definitions of vitamin D deficiency, variations in vitamin D assays used, use of non-representative samples, and varying study designs and study quality.3 4 

A review published in 2011 found insufficient high quality studies to conduct quantitative meta-analysis3; in the qualitative review the evidence was inconsistent. In a subsequent review, rigorous assessment of study quality resulted in quantitative meta-analyses of only two observational studies and five randomised controlled trials, with additional studies reviewed qualitatively.4 Combined data from …
Health Care Reform — Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Gail R. Wilensky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

For most of 2009, the conventional wisdom inside and outside Washington was that a significant health care reform bill would be signed into law no later than February 2010, the start of the primary season for the 2010 elections. Although there was always some question about final passage of a bill — whether the Senate's Democratic leadership would be able to retain support for the legislation among more conservative party members and whether the more liberal House would accept most of the Senate's provisions — most observers, including me, assumed that a signing ceremony would take place early this year. . . .
Removal of Nosocomial Pathogens from the Contaminated Glove
Authors: Bradley N. Doebbeling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of three different types of handcleansing agents in decontaminating gloved hands that were inoculated with a series of four nosocomial pathogens. Design: A controlled, experimental trial. Setting: Tertiary care referral center. Patients or Other Participants: Five healthy volunteers participated in all portions of the study. Interventions: A standard concentration of one of four representative nosocomial pathogens was placed on the gloved hand, spread, and allowed to dry. One of three different handcleansing agents—a nonmedicated soap, a 60% isopropyl alcohol preparation, or 4% Chlorhexidine gluconate—was used to cleanse the gloves, which were cultured using a broth-bag technique. The gloves were then removed and the hands were cultured in a similar manner. Measurements and Main Results: The handwashing agents reduced the median log10 counts of organisms to 2.1 to 3.9 after an inoculation of 107 colony forming units. The proportion of positive glove cultures for Staphylococcus aureus, 8% to 100%; Serratia marcescens, 16% to 100%; and Candida albicans, 4% to 60% varied greatly after use of the different handcleansers (P < 0.001), and varied considerably for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20% to 48% (P = 0.085). After the gloves were removed, the differences among the observed proportions of hands contaminated with the test organisms varied from 5% to 50%, depending on the handcleansing agent used (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In the era of universal precautions these data suggest that it may not be prudent to wash and reuse gloves between patients. Further, handwashing is strongly encouraged after removal of gloves.
Appropriate Use of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins (LMWHs)
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The dynamical model is a Perceptron
Authors: Bruce Bridgeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Van Gelder's example of a dynamical model is a Perceptron. The similarity of dynamical models and Perceptrons in turn exemplifies the close relationship between dynamical and algorithmic models. Both are models, not literal descriptions of brains. The brain states of standard modeling are better conceived as processes in the dynamical sense, but algorithmic models remain useful.
O160 RAPAMYCIN AND EVEROLIMUS FACILITATE HEPATITIS E VIRUS REPLICATION REVEALING A HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC PI3K–AKT–mTOR-DEPENDENT DEFENSE MECHANISM
Authors: X. Zhou, Y. Wang, H.L.A. Janssen, L.J.W. Van der laan, H.J. Metselaar, M.P. Peppelenbosch, Q. Pan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Pre-eclampsia is an inflammatory disorder
Authors: Jecko V Thachil
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Two research articles highlight the link between pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular diseases including ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, and stroke.1 2 The common factor in these conditions is endothelial dysfunction. What triggers this endothelial damage is not clear. Interestingly, atherosclerosis—an initiating factor for most of these diseases—has been increasingly recognised as an inflammatory disorder. Inflammatory markers, such …
Antiinflammatory peptides (antiflammins) inhibit synthesis of platelet-activating factor, neutrophil aggregation and chemotaxis, and intradermal inflammatory reactions.
Authors: G Camussi, C Tetta, F Bussolino, C Baglioni
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Synthetic peptides corresponding to the region of highest similarity between human lipocortin I and rabbit uteroglobin inhibit phospholipase A2 and show potent antiinflammatory activity on the carrageenan-induced rat footpad edema. The peptide HDMNKVLDL (antiflammin-2) inhibits the synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF) induced by TNF or phagocytosis in rat macrophages and human neutrophils, and by thrombin in vascular endothelial cells. The peptide MQMKKVLDS (antiflammin-1) is less inhibitory than antiflammin-2 for macrophages and not inhibitory for neutrophils after a 5-min preincubation. This finding suggests that antiflammin-1 is inactivated by neutrophils secretory products, possibly oxidizing agents. Synthesis of PAF is inhibited by antiflammin-2 without an appreciable lag, but this inhibition is reversed when neutrophils or macrophages are washed and incubated in fresh medium. Therefore, antiflammins must be continuously present to inhibit PAF synthesis. Antiflammins block activation of the acetyltransferase required for PAF synthesis, suggesting that this enzyme is another target for the inhibitory activity of antiflammins. These peptides inhibit neutrophil aggregation and chemotaxis induced by complement component C5a. Antiflammin-2 suppresses the increase in vascular permeability and the leukocyte infiltration induced in rats by an Arthus reaction or by intradermal injection of rTNF and C5a.
Dual B and T markers on lymphocytes in fulminant nodular lymphoma.
Authors: S M Kirov, R M Lowenthal
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Dual B and T markers on lymphocytes in fulminant nodular lymphomaMost lymphomas and leukaemias may be classified according to whether the malignant cells are derived from thymus (T lympho- cytes) or bone marrow (B lymphocytes).In a few cases the cells may carry markers of both types,1-4 which may indicate a proliferation of the small population of lymphocytes with dual markers present in normal people.5We report such a case in a patient with fulminant lymphocytic lymphoma, in which a sequential study of B and T markers was made.
Dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias in the transgenic mice overexpressing mouse cardiac junctate-1
Authors: Myeong-Chan Cho, So-Young Choi, Young-Hwa Kim, Jin-Sook Kwon, Hainan Piao, Taejin Youn, Dong-Woon Kim, Chang-Soo Hong, None Do Han Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Army doctor was dishonest about injuries to detained Iraqi, finds tribunal
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A former British army doctor has been found guilty of dishonesty over the death of the Iraqi detainee Baha Mousa in 2003.

The Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service held that Derek Keilloh lied when he said that he saw no injuries on Mousa’s body, except old dried blood by his nose.

Keilloh denied knowledge of any other injuries in a witness statement two days after Mousa’s death and maintained his account in an interview under caution, in evidence under oath at a court martial of seven soldiers, and at the public inquiry into Mousa’s …
THE TREATMENT OF LUNG ABSCESS
Authors: F. G. Chandler
Journal: BMJ (1935)

An abscess of the lung may begin insidiously or develop acvitely, and it may be fully formed, with a fluid le'vel, when help is asked.In any case,-a preliminary course of medical treatment is 'indicated,-as spontaneous cure is by no means uncommon.The patient should be nursed so far as possible in fresh air, -subject to suit-able condi- tions of weather and comfort to both patient and nurses.The importance of postural drainage should be realized.This should be thorough and rational, and to be so a knowledge of the exact site of the abscess and of the -bronchus draining the abscess is essential.This can be .ascertainedby anterior and true lateral skiagrams, sup- plemented if need be by lipiodol injection.Rigid views of postural drainage, nevertheless, must not be allowed to override humane considerations.It is astonishing, however, how many .patientswill tolerate the head down- ward posture for long periods, on a suitable bed, such as that described by Mr. H.P. Nelson,* when the position of the abscess demands it.Steam inhalations of menthol and friars' balsam-a few crystals of the former and a drachm of the latter to a pint of boiling water-are soothing.Relief of Cough Something must be done to relieve the cough, which is often paroxysmal, distressing, and exhausting, without suppressing the cough reflex toa much or inhibiting the action of the cilia, and without making the expectoration too tenacious to be brought up.This is often a great difficulty.Inhalations of menthol, friars' balsam, pine, etc., are helpful, but sometimes the cough is so intractable that the use of opium in some form is imperativemorphine, 1/6 to 1/4 grain; or heroin, 1/12 to 1/6 grain; or omnopon, 1/6 to 1 / 3 grain.If it is possible to avoid it it is better, and everything else should be tried.Cocaine sprays, acid.hydrocyan.dil.nq iv.-v, in repeated doses (for example, every three hours), watching for drowiness, are to be advocated; and even thorough anaesthetization of the pharynx with 10 per cent.cocaine may be justifiable.A mixture of codeine bromoform and aconite may give relief-for example, syr.bromoformi co.(B.P.C.), iv or more three or four times a day, or codeine phosph., grain 1 /4 to I repeated at intervals.The relief of cough is specially emphasized as the patient
Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells
Authors: Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Hailei L. Chen, Khaled R. Girgis, H. Thomas Cunningham, Geralyn M. Meny, Sorena Nadaf, Denise Kavanaugh, David P. Carbone
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Abstract SY05-04: Biological discovery and therapeutic insight from DNA-templated macrocycle libraries
Authors: David R. Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract DNA-templated organic synthesis enables the translation of libraries of DNA templates into corresponding libraries of synthetic small molecules. The in vitro selection of a library of DNA-templated small-molecule macrocycles has resulted in the discovery of unusually selective and potent inhibitors of kinase, protease, and protein-protein interface targets. Using this approach, we recently discovered the first physiologically active inhibitor of an enzyme implicated in type-2 diabetes. In a series of biochemical, structural biological, and in vivo physiology experiments, we elucidated the molecular basis of target inhibition by this macrocycle, validated a new target for the potential treatment of type-2 diabetes, and discovered previously unknown and therapeutically relevant physiological roles for this enzyme. Citation Format: David R. Liu. Biological discovery and therapeutic insight from DNA-templated macrocycle libraries. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY05-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY05-04