tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Day My Daughter Fell
Authors: Matt Joseph
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anesthetic Hazards of Obesity
Authors: Alfred J. Catenacci
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A thousand patients were studied in order to determine what special hazards are associated with anesthetization in obesity. Tests of pulmonary ventilation were emphasized. As a result, hazards were classified as either mechanical or physiological. In general anesthesia by inhalation, mechanical difficulties with breathing in the obese patient usually led to clinical signs of hypercapnia and hypoxia in addition to the preexisting circulatory and metabolic handicaps. In cases of administrating anesthesia by intravenous methods, the most common hazards were associated with venipuncture, laryngospasm, and overdosage. In spinal anesthesia, illustrated by three case histories, lumbar puncture was more difficult, the evaluation of pulmonary function less accurate, and the control of the level of anesthesia less satisfactory in the obese than in the nonobese patient.
The Diagnostic Utility of Dual Phase Tc-99m Sestamibi Parathyroid Imaging
Authors: PETER KLIEGER, ROBERT O'MARA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Purpose: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disease of uncertain etiology that results from hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid gland. In most institutions, the preferred imaging protocol utilizes a dual-phase technique with Tc-99m sestamibi which is reported to be more sensitive than earlier protocols involving Tl-201 with Tc-99m pertechnetate subtraction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility of Tc-99m sestamibi dual-phase scintigraphy for localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed thirty-nine consecutive hyperparathyroid patients who received a dual-phase Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid scan. Thirty-seven of the subjects subsequently underwent a bilateral neck exploration and parathyroidectomy. Each scan interpretation was then correlated with the histopathologic diagnosis and the patients' postsurgical clinical course. Results: The sestamibi dual-phase imaging protocol correctly localized 21 of 25 parathyroid adenomas and identified 8 out of 10 cases of hyperplasia. Our overall sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 75%, respectively. In addition, four of the adenomas were successfully localized intraoperatively using a gamma probe. Conclusion: Parathyroid imaging with sestamibi appears to be superior to Tl-201/Tc-99m pertechnetate subtraction based on the reported results of both techniques at various institutions. Dual-phase sestamibi imaging appears to be useful and cost-effective for presurgical localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. In addition, sestamibi imaging in conjunction with an intraoperative probe is a very promising technique that has the potential to provide both localization information of a suspected parathyroid adenoma and to facilitate its surgical removal by reducing operation time.
Remarks on the Local Use of Liquor Ferri Perchloridi in Cancerous Ulcerations of the Uterus
Authors: C. J. Gibb
Journal: BMJ (1875)

tion.When the drug to be experimented on is not a solution but a vapour, it must be passed into the lungs by the method already described (BRITISII MEDICAL JOURNAL, May 20th, I871).In this way, I have found that muscarin causes contraction of the pulmonary vessels, and produces dyspnoea (see BRITISH MIEDICAL JOURNAL, November I4th, I874), although the heart continues to beat, and artificial respiration is vigorously kept ulp.The lungs be- come pale, the right side of the heart swells up, and the left side and arteries become empty, as represented diagrammatically in Fig. 4.
Podoplanin and CLEC-2 drive cerebrovascular patterning and integrity during development
Authors: Kate L. Lowe, Brenda A. Finney, Carsten Deppermann, René Hägerling, Salomé L. Gazit, Jon Frampton, Christopher Buckley, Eric Camerer, Bernhard Nieswandt, Friedemann Kiefer, Steve P. Watson
Journal: Blood (2015)
RECURRENT NEUTROPHILIC DERMATOSIS OF THE FACE—A VARIANT OF SWEET'S SYNDROME
Authors: C. HOWARD WHITTLE, GEOFFREY A. BECK, ROBERT H. CHAMPION
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article RECURRENT NEUTROPHILIC DERMATOSIS OF THE FACE—A VARIANT OF SWEET'S SYNDROME Get access C. HOWARD WHITTLE, C. HOWARD WHITTLE Departments of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge and Peterborough Memorial Hospital, Peterborough Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GEOFFREY A. BECK, GEOFFREY A. BECK Departments of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge and Peterborough Memorial Hospital, Peterborough Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROBERT H. CHAMPION ROBERT H. CHAMPION Departments of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge and Peterborough Memorial Hospital, Peterborough Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 12, 1 December 1968, Pages 806–810, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11950.x Published: 01 December 1968 Article history Accepted: 08 July 1968 Published: 01 December 1968
The Significance of the Tuberculin Skin Test in Elderly Persons
Authors: WILLIAM W. STEAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Study of 49,467 persons over age 50 in Arkansas nursing homes afforded insight into the significance of the tuberculin skin test in the elderly. Whereas only 15% to 20% of persons showed a significant (10 mm or more) reaction to tuberculin on admission, 2% to 3% of these developed tuberculosis. Persons having no reactions comprised two subsets: a small group who died at an increased rate and were probably anergic, and a larger group who survived as well as persons who had reactions. Minor increases in reaction size with repeated testing appeared to be due to immunologic recall. However, conversions of 12 mm or more from a documented negative result indicated spread of infection. When not treated preventively, 7.6% (women) to 12.7% (men) of definite converters developed tuberculosis. The increase in number of persons showing positive reactions after entry may have been due to rapid demise of the anergic subset, improvement in nutrition of survivors, or unsuspected spread of tuberculous infection.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE MANNER OF SPREAD OF MOUSE TYPHOID INFECTION
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

The experiments reported in this paper and in the preceding one indicate that with a given susceptible mouse population and a certain strain of mouse typhoid bacilli the sporadic and epidemic prevalences of mouse typhoid are determined by the spacial and quantitative distribution of the bacilli. Under circumstances in which the entire mouse population is so exposed as to be in direct contact with an infecting dose of the mouse typhoid bacillus, the nature of the resulting mortality curve depends upon the quality of susceptibility of the individuals composing the population.
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 enhances pro-angiogenic effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
Authors: Yaohong Tan, Hongwei Shao, Darwin Eton, Zhe Yang, Luis Alonso-Diaz, Hongkun Zhang, Andrew Schulick, Alan S. Livingstone, Hong Yu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes bone marrow mononuclear cells into the peripheral circulation. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) enhances the homing of progenitor cells mobilized from the bone marrow and augments neovascularization in ischemic tissue. We hypothesize that SDF-1 will boost the pro-angiogenic effect of G-CSF.NIH 3T3 cells retrovirally transduced with SDF-1alpha gene (NIH 3T3/SDF-1) were used to deliver SDF-1 in vitro and in vivo. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) co-cultured with NIH 3T3/SDF-1 cells using cell culture inserts migrated faster and were less apoptotic compared to those not exposed to SDF-1. NIH 3T3/SDF-1 (10(6) cells) were injected into the ischemic muscles immediately after resection of the left femoral artery and vein of C57BL/6J mice. G-CSF (25 mug/kg/day) was injected intraperitioneally daily for 3 days after surgery. Blood perfusion was examined using a laser Doppler perfusion imaging system. The perfusion ratio of ischemic/non-ischemic limb increased to 0.57+/-0.03 and 0.50+/-0.06 with the treatment of either SDF-1 or G-CSF only, respectively, 3 weeks after surgery, which was significantly higher than the saline-injected control group (0.41+/-0.01, P<0.05). Combined treatment with both SDF-1 and G-CSF resulted in an even better perfusion ratio of 0.69+/-0.08 (P<0.05 versus the single treatment groups). Mice were sacrificed 21 days after surgery. Immunostaining and Western blot assay of the tissue lysates showed that the injected NIH 3T3/SDF-1 survived and expressed SDF-1. CD34(+) cells were detected with immunostaining, capillary density was assessed with alkaline phosphatase staining, and the apoptosis of muscle cells was viewed using an in situ cell death detection kit. More CD34(+) cells, increased capillary density, and less apoptotic muscle cells were found in both G-CSF and SDF-1 treated group (P<0.05 versus other groups).Combination of G-CSF-mediated progenitor cell mobilization and SDF-1-mediated homing of EPCs promotes neovascularization in the ischemic limb and increases the recovery of blood perfusion.
A progressive shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake.
Authors: R Ramsbottom, J Brewer, C Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity of using a 20 m progressive shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. Running ability was described as the final level attained on the shuttle run test and as time on a 5 km run. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was determined directly for seventy-four volunteers (36 men, 38 women) who also completed the shuttle run test. Maximal oxygen uptake values were 58.5 +/- 7.0 and 47.4 +/- 6.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 for the men and women respectively (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.01). The levels attained on the shuttle run test were 12.6 +/- 1.5 (men) and 9.6 +/- 1.8 (women; P less than 0.01). The correlation between VO2 max and shuttle level was 0.92. The correlation between VO2 max and the 5 km run was -0.94 and the correlation between both field tests was -0.96. The results of this study suggest that a progressive shuttle run test provides a valid estimate of VO2 max and indicates 5 km running potential in active men and women.
Advanced Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Since, in the majority of patients, Hodgkin's disease progresses beyond the local stages, suppression of disease activity and long remissions are the main aims of therapy. It is essential in a disease with such varied manifestations to select therapy judiciously if one is to increase patient comfort and prolong life. Since the late 1940's, a variety of chemotherapeutic agents have become available to supplement radiation therapy in the control of Hodgkin's disease. Many studies have shown that the addition of these agents has increased survival beyond one year by higher percentages.<sup>1,2</sup> To obtain the maximum beneficial effects of therapy, one must be familiar with the different patterns of evolution of Hodgkin's disease. Extensive recurrent lymphadenopathy in different sites is managed differently from visceral involvement, such as in lung, stomach, liver, or spleen. Painful osseous infiltration at one or two sites requires another approach than does extensive bone marrow infiltration.
Untangling tau hyperphosphorylation in drug design for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Michael P. Mazanetz, Peter M. Fischer
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2007)

Aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau is involved in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders. The authors discuss the progress in the design of selective kinase inhibitors that suppress tau hyperphosphorylation as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative tauopathies. Aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau is one of the characteristic neuropathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacological modulation of tau hyperphosphorylation might represent a valid and feasible therapeutic strategy for such disorders. Here, we consider recent evidence supporting the validity of the three most relevant kinases affecting tau hyperphosphorylation — GSK3β, CDK5 and ERK2 — as drug targets and describe progress in the design of inhibitors for these kinases.
Alveolar fibrosis and capillary alteration in experimental pulmonary silicosis in rats.
Authors: O Kawanami, H X Jiang, H Mochimaru, H Yoneyama, S Kudoh, H Ohkuni, H Ooami, V J Ferrans
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To analyze the evolution of fibrotic and vascular changes in pulmonary silicosis, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies were made of the lungs of rats given a single intratracheal injection of silica particles. Early lesions were characterized by accumulations of macrophages and neutrophils in alveolar lumina and interstitium and by damage to alveolar capillaries and epithelial cells. The intraluminal masses of inflammatory cells developed into granulomas and became associated with myofibroblasts that migrated from the interstitium through the damaged epithelial lining. Type II epithelial cells and bronchiolar cuboidal cells proliferated rapidly to line the intraluminal granulomas, incorporating them into the interstitium. This process mediated the transition from intraalveolar fibrosis to interstitial fibrosis. Vascular damage was repaired by proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Some endothelial cells in alveolar capillaries expressed Factor VIII-related antigen at 2 wk after silica infusion. In normal animals, this feature was present in peribronchiolar but not in alveolar capillaries. Two patterns of endothelial cell migration were shown by staining for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen. The first pattern was characterized by endothelial cells that extended their cytoplasm over preexisting, denuded basement membranes and replaced necrotic cells in alveolar capillaries. At 4 mo after injury, some of these cells had developed fenestrations. The second pattern consisted of budlike sproutings that developed only in peribronchiolar connective tissue. These observations indicate that peribronchiolar vessels are sources for renewal of alveolar capillary endothelium as well as for neovascularization.
Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Authors: Leslie L. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Pediatric Infectious Diseases: A Problem-Oriented Approach,  by Hugh L. Moffet, ed 2; 649 pp, 49 illus, paper, $35, Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co, 1981.  These volumes represent invaluable additions to the literature of infectious  Although both are comprehensive in scope, their format and content differ sufficiently to make them complementary reading.  Feigin and Cherry have attempted and, on the whole, have succeeded in writing and editing an authoritative two-volume textbook that summarize[s] our present understanding of infectious diseases. The almost 2,000 pages comprise 44 chapters by 124 contributing authors and discuss infections by organ system and by microorganism. This two-pronged approach is thorough, but the inherent possibilities for duplication materialize throughout. For instance, the section on bronchiolitis duplicates much of the material in the chapter on respiratory syncytial virus; neonatal drug dosages are found in the chapter on perinatal bacterial disease as well as in the chapter on antimicrobial agents.
Abstract 1951: Targeting cancer by a chimeric nanoparticle formulation of Cisplatin and PI828, a PI3 kinase inhibitor
Authors: Bhaskar Roy, Poulomi Sengupta, Daniela Dinulescu, Katherine Muto, Anne Laure Papa, Sudipta Basu, Shiladitya Sengupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Combination chemotherapy is the mainstay of cancer regimes. However, additive off target effect of the drugs is still a major drawback of combination therapy. Nanoscale drug delivery systems, through enhanced permeation and retention effect, target the tumour more efficiently while reducing side effects. Combination of Cisplatin, a widely used platinum based chemotherapeutic with PI3 kinase/mTOR inhibitor has shown synergism. In this study, we designed a chimeric nanoparticle of Cisplatin and PI828, a PI3 kinase inhibitor. PI828 was chemically conjugated to cholesterol by a carbamate linkage. Cisplatin was coordinated to a cholesterol-succinic acid derivative via a unique monocarboxylato and OαPt bond. The chimeric nanoparticle was formulated by mixing both the conjugates in definite proportions with phosphatidylcholine and DSPE-PEG. The chimeric naoparticle had a consistent size between 100 to 130 nm determined by dynamic light scattering. The in vitro release kinetics experiment showed slow and sustained release of both the drugs over a time period of 96 hours. In vitro cell proliferation assay expressed cytotoxicity of the chimeric nanoformulation in 4T1, a murine breast cancer cell line and in KRAS upregulated and PTEN suppressed ovarian cancer model cells. We have evaluated the activity of chimeric nanoparticle in a K-Ras(LSL/+)/PTEN(fl/fl) ovarian cancer model, with a luciferase reporter system. The mice treated with chimeric nanoparticle exhibited suppressed tumour growth as well as reduced toxicity as compared to the free drug combination and vehicle treated mice. These results indicate that chimeric nanoformulation can better the outcome of Cisplatin and PI828 combination. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1951. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1951
The role of methanethiol in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Henk J. Blom, Peter Ferenci, Georg Grimm, Sing H. Yap, Albert Tangerman
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Mixed disulfides of methanethiol represent a relative estimate for an exposure to methanethiol. The concentrations of methanethiol-mixed disulfides, methionine, 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate and ammonia were measured in patients with different stages of hepatic encephalopathy, in patients with chronic kidney failure and in healthy subjects. In patients with hepatic encephalopathy, the mean serum concentrations of all these compounds were elevated. However, the elevations of methanethiol-mixed disulfides were small and partly caused by decreased renal function. In addition, the levels of methanethiol-mixed disulfides did not differ significantly between the different grades of hepatic encephalopathy. The concentrations of methanethiol-mixed disulfides were substantially lower than those previously observed in healthy subjects after an oral methionine load or in a patient with a deficiency in methionine adenosyltransferase, the latter without causing encephalopathy. We concluded that the role of methanethiol in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is probably minor, if not insignificant. In the patients with hepatic encephalopathy, a significant correlation was found between the concentrations of methionine and 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate and between 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate and methanethiol-mixed disulfides, supporting the theory that methanethiol is formed by way of the methionine transamination pathway. Evidence is provided that, besides the methionine transsulfuration pathway, the transamination pathway is also impaired in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
The Performance of Several Multiple-Sequence Alignment Programs in Relation to Secondary-Structure Features for an rRNA Sequence
Authors: Robert E. Hickson, Chris Simon, Soren W. Perrey
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

The performances of five global multiple-sequence alignment programs (CLUSTAL W, Divide and Conquer, Malign, PileUp, and TreeAlign) were evaluated using part of the animal mitochondrial small subunit (12S) rRNA molecule. Conserved sequence motifs derived from an alignment based on secondary structural information were used to score how well each program aligned a data set of five vertebrate and five invertebrate taxa over a range of parameter values. All of the programs could align the motifs with reasonable accuracy for at least one set of parameter conditions, although if the whole sequence was considered, similarity to the structural alignment was only 25%–34%. Use of small gap costs generally gave more accurate results, although Malign and TreeAlign generated longer alignments when gap costs were low. The programs differed in the consistency of the alignments when gap cost was varied; CLUSTAL W, Divide and Conquer, and TreeAlign were the most accurate and robust, while PileUp performed poorly as gap cost values increased, and the accuracy of Malign fluctuated. Default settings for the programs did not give the best results, and attempting to select similar parameter values in different programs did not always result in more similar alignments. Poor alignment of even well-conserved motifs can occur if these are near sites with insertions or deletions. Since there is no a priori way to determine gap costs and because such costs can vary over the gene, alignment of rRNA sequences, particularly the less well conserved regions, should be treated carefully and aided by secondary structure and conserved motifs. Some motifs are single bases and so are often invisible to alignment programs. Our tests involved the most conserved regions of the 12S rRNA gene, and alignment of less well conserved regions will be more problematical. None of the alignments we examined produced a fully resolved phylogeny for the data set, indicating that this portion of 12S rRNA is insufficient for resolution of distant evolutionary relationships.