tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Experience with Tilavist: An Overview of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: N‐I Max Kjellman, Michael T Stevens
Journal: Allergy (1995)

A programme of clinical studies was carried out to determine the basic efficacy and safety of 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops (Tilavist) in treating allergic conjunctivitis, in 2,905 patients from 3-76 years of age. Results of all the double-masked placebo comparative studies completed to date-five in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), five in perennial (PAC) and 16 in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC)-have been assessed in a statistical overview analysis. Nedocromil sodium, administered four times daily to 153 patients with VKC, was significantly more effective than placebo (155 patients) and in the clinicians' opinion gave good control in 76% of cases, compared with 46% for placebo (p < 0.001). Patients with chronic symptoms of PAC also responded better to nedocromil sodium given four times daily (n = 146) rather than twice daily (n = 86), and significantly more patients (p < 0.001) were effectively controlled by four times daily treatment with nedocromil sodium (72%) than with placebo (47%; n = 156). Twice-daily dosage with nedocromil sodium (n = 677) was adequate for SAC, however, and the treatment was statistically better than placebo (p < 0.01-p < 0.001) whether dosed twice or four times daily. Speed of action was assessed in seven SAC studies in which 79% of all patients (n = 295) using nedocromil sodium had experienced relief of symptoms when questioned, half of them within 15 minutes and 74% during the first hour after dosing. Test treatments were well-accepted by both adults and children, and there were no major adverse events. Minor irritations reported more frequently with nedocromil sodium than placebo were stinging or burning of the eyes on application of the drops and a distinctive taste, noted by 5% of the active treatment group (n = 1,552).
Effects of polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase on coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in mice
Authors: Y. Hiraoka, C. Kishimoto, M. Kurokawa, H. Ochiai, S. Sasayama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: The aim was to examine the role of oxygen derived free radicals in the development of myocarditis by investigating the effects of polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), a potent scavenger of oxygen free radicals, upon coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis. Methods: Two week old male C3H/He mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 103 plaque forming units of CB3. PEG-SOD, 1 × 103, 5 × 103, 1 × 104, and 1 × 105 U·kg−1·d−, was given subcutaneously daily on days 0 to 14. Treated groups were compared to the infected control. Results: The survival rate of the 1 × 105 U·kg−1·d−PEG-SOD group was lower than that of the infected control group (40% v 78%, peO.01). The survival rates of the other treated groups did not differ significantly from the infected control. The myocardial calcification score in the 1 × 105 U·kg−·d−1PEG-SOD group was higher than in the infected control group on d 7, when myocardial virus titres did not differ significantly among the five groups. The scores for myocardial cellular infiltration and myocardial necrosis in the 1 × 103 and the 5 × 103 U·kg−1·d−1PEG-SOD groups were significantly lower than in the infected control on d 14, when myocardial viruses were not detected in the five groups. However, the myocardial necrosis and myocardial calcification scores in the 1 × 105 U·kg−1·d−PEG-SOD group were higher than in the infected control. Conclusions: The improvement of cardiac pathology in the 1 × 103 and the 5 × 103 U·kg−1·d−1PEG-SOD groups seems to have resulted not from reduction in myocardial virus titres but from inhibition of generation of oxygen free radicals. The mechanism of the impaired survival and aggravation of cardiac pathology in the 1 × 105 U·kg−1·d−1PEG-SOD group is unknown. The results suggest that oxygen free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis and development of CB3 myocarditis and that appropriate dosages of PEG-SOD have therapeutic potential for clinical CB3 myocarditis, although caution must be paid to the treatment window. Cardiovascular Research 1992;26:956–96 1
Increasing the accessibility of data
Authors: J P Vandenbroucke
Journal: BMJ (1994)

sequence.While 104 consultations lasted five minutes or less, 88 lasted over 20 minutes.The number of patients seen within half an hour of their booked appointment time, without correction for other factors, was 228 (55%).The survey found hospital practices that caused delays; these have now been altered.Five of the 15 clinics started more than 10 minutes late because medical staff were completing ward rounds or attending lunchtime meetings.The computer booking system was programmed to book both old and new patients at five minute intervals.As patients and their relatives have to wait in the outpatient department the facilities provided should be reasonable; 108 patients found the seats uncomfortable, 112 did not know where the toilets were located, and 50 did not know where to obtain refreshments.Surprisingly, only four patients complained specifically about waiting times.Altogether 277 patients were over retirement age, and their apparent lack of concern about waiting may reflect an older generation's acceptance of queuing and the fact that most were not taking time off work.Also, 201 were seen by nursing staff before their medical consultation in order to check visual acuity, dilate pupils, or test visual fields.They therefore probably considered that they received attention without much delay.We agree with Ansons and colleagues that the current targets for waiting times are unrealistic for many busy eye clinics.
The photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome (chronic actinic dermatitis) occurring in seven young atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: None Russell, None Dawe, None Collins, None Man, None Ferguson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Seven young patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) who presented with a marked photoexposed site dermatitis have been investigated in detail. The results of phototesting, patch testing and other investigations were compatible with the diagnosis of photosensitivity dermatitis/actinic reticuloid syndrome (PD/AR) (chronic actinic dermatitis). It is known that AD patients may have photoaggravation of their dermatitis or exacerbation secondary to a photodermatosis, such as polymorphic light eruption, actinic prurigo or drug-induced phototoxicity. The patients we describe, however, appear to be an uncommon AD subgroup affected by PD/AR. We recommend that all AD patients who have a history of sunlight-induced exacerbation or marked intolerance of PUVA or ultraviolet B phototherapy should have phototesting and patch testing conducted.
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is a major risk factor for acute kidney injury following off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Eun-Ho Lee, Seung-Hee Baek, Ji-Hyun Chin, Dae-Kee Choi, Hyo-Jung Son, Wook-Jong Kim, Kyung-Don Hahm, Ji-Yeon Sim, In-Cheol Choi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
Abstract 2805: Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex gene <i>PBRM1</i> in renal carcinoma
Authors: Ignacio Varela, Patrick Tarpey, Keiran Raine, Dachuan Huang, Choon Kiat Ong, Philip Stephens, Helen Davies, David Jones, Meng-Lay Lin, Jon Teague, Graham Bignell, Adam Butler, Juok Cho, Gillian L. Dalgliesh, Danushka Galappaththige, Chris Greenman, Claire Hardy, Mingming Jia, Calli Latimer, King Wai Lau, John Marshall, Stuart McLaren, Andrew Menzies, Laura Mudie, Lucy Stebbings, David A. Largaespada, L.F.A. Wessels, Stéphane Richard, Richard J. Kahnoski, John Anema, David Tuveson, Pedro Perez-Mancera, Ville Mustonen, Andrej Fischer, David J. Adams, Alistair Rust, Waraporn Chan-on, Chutima Subimerb, Karl Dykema, Kyle A. Furge, Peter J. Campbell, Bin Tean Teh, Michael R. Stratton, P. Andrew Futreal
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The genetics of renal cancer is dominated by inactivation of the VHL tumour suppressor gene in clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the commonest histological subtype. A recent large-scale screen of ∼3500 genes by PCR-based exon re-sequencing identified several new cancer genes in ccRCC including UTX (KDM6A), JARID1C (KDM5C) and SETD2. These genes encode enzymes that demethylate (UTX, JARID1C) or methylate (SETD2) key lysine residues of histone H3. Modification of the methylation state of these lysine residues of histone H3 regulates chromatin structure and is implicated in transcriptional control. However, together these mutations are present in fewer than 15% of ccRCC, suggesting the existence of additional, currently unidentified cancer genes. Here, we have sequenced the protein coding exome in a series of primary ccRCC and report the identification of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex gene PBRM1 as a second major ccRCC cancer gene, with truncating mutations in 41% (92/227) of cases. These data further elucidate the somatic genetic architecture of ccRCC and emphasize the marked contribution of aberrant chromatin biology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2805. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2805
Phenindione Hepatitis Complicating Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: R. W. Portal, R. W. Emanuel
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Many toxic effects of phenindione have been reported since it was introduced as an anticoagulant by Soulier and Gueguen (1947).These were reviewed by Burns and Desmond (1958) and more briefly by Bingle and Shine (1959).Fever, dermatitis, pharyngitis, and leucopenia are common reactions to phenindione therapy, but hepatitis is rare, and only six cases have been reported, none of which occurred in this country.The following three cases are therefore recorded, although their investigation was incomplete.Case Reports Case 1.-A man aged 58 started treatment with phenindione on November 14, 1959, after a myocardial infarction.Thirty-eight days later (December 22) he became febrile (up to 1030 F.; 39.4' C.), with sore throat
Comprehensive assessment of chemokine expression profiles by flow cytometry
Authors: Jens Eberlein, Tom T. Nguyen, Francisco Victorino, Lucy Golden-Mason, Hugo R. Rosen, Dirk Homann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The chemokines are a large family of mainly secreted molecules involved in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Despite many years of investigation, the precise cellular sources of most chemokines have remained incompletely defined as a consequence of the limited availability of suitable reagents to visualize the expression of chemokine proteins at the single-cell level. Here, we developed a simple flow cytometry–based assay using commercially available chemokine-specific antibodies for efficient cell-associated detection of 37 of 39 murine chemokines. To demonstrate the utility of this methodology, we used it to reevaluate the nature of homeostatic chemokines in the hematopoietic compartment, to delineate the complete chemokine profiles of NK cells and B cells in response to major polyclonal stimuli, and to assess the chemokine response of DCs to bacterial infection. The versatility of this analytical methodology was further demonstrated by its application to selected human chemokines and should greatly facilitate any future investigation into chemokine biology at large.
Views of elderly people on living wills: interview study
Authors: R. Schiff
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editorial by Emanuel 

Living wills or advance statements record people's healthcare wishes in case they are unable to contribute to a decision concerning their health care in the future, either because of mental incapacity or because physical disability prevents communication.1 Elderly people are often in this position owing to illnesses such as dementia and strokes that cause dysphasia. The views of elderly North Americans on this subject are well documented, but there are no reports of the views of older people in England.2 3 This study aimed to determine the knowledge of elderly inpatients in the United Kingdom on living wills and their healthcare choices should they write such a will.

Seventy four out of 76 medical inpatients approached answered a questionnaire administered by one interviewer (RS) at two hospitals in London. All participants were aged over 65 and had a normal score on the abbreviated mental test. Ethical approval had been obtained.

The …
Beneficial effect of fish oil on blood viscosity in peripheral vascular disease.
Authors: B E Woodcock, E Smith, W H Lambert, W M Jones, J H Galloway, M Greaves, F E Preston
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Reports suggest that the low incidence of ischaemic heart disease in Greenlandic Eskimos is related to the effect of a diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid on platelet reactivity and plasma lipid concentrations. A double blind randomised investigation was therefore conducted of the effects on blood viscosity of dietary supplementation with an oil rich in this fatty acid (1.8 g/day, given as fish oil) and an eicosapentaenoic acid poor oil (as corn/olive oil) in patients with peripheral arterial disease. A statistically significant reduction in whole blood viscosity was observed at seven weeks in those patients receiving the eicosapentaenoic acid rich oil. No changes in plasma viscosity, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, or platelet count were seen. A significant fall in plasma triglyceride concentration was also noted only in the patients receiving oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid; plasma concentrations of cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were unchanged. It is concluded that rheological changes that result from a diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid may contribute to the suggested protective effects of such a diet against arterial disease and that such changes are of potential therapeutic importance in established arterial disease.
Acute and Prolonged Effects of Sildenafil on Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lalita Khaodhiar, Aristidis Veves
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

In a recent article by Desouza et al. (1), an improvement of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation, a measurement indicating endothelium-dependent vasodilation, was reported with both acute and prolonged sildenafil treatment. No measurements of endothelium-independent vasodilation were performed. As the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin is mainly used to evaluate endothelium-independent vasodilation, it is understandable that possible side effects related to the concomitant use of sildenafil and nitroglycerine were the main reason for omitting this measurement. However, we believe that although the presented data are very interesting, they …
The Great American Fraud.
Authors: J. E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1907)

ROGERSVILLE, Tenn., April 19, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Undoubtedly untold benefit has resulted from the literature exposing the "patent-medicine" fraud and the methods of the advertising quacks, but, unfortunately, the great body of the people who stand most in need of enlightenment have not been reached by these publications. High-priced magazines, like<i>Collier's Weekly</i>and the<i>Ladies' Home Journal</i>, do not reach those who live in the rural, and especially in the mountain, sections. Residents in the towns and cities buy the cure-alls and patronize the "quack specialist" to some extent, but nothing to compare with the former class. These are a simple people, often remote from capable physicians, they rely on "doctoring" themselves, making their diagnoses from advertising matter of "patent medicines." They see only a small amount of literature aside from the county paper, which comes to them weekly, and the mass of nostrum advertisements brought by the
The Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life Instrument: Reliability and Validity of the Adolescent Form
Authors: Smita Bhatia, Meriel E.M. Jenney, Monica K. Bogue, Todd H. Rockwood, James H. Feusner, Debra L. Friedman, Leslie L. Robison, Robert L. Kane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

With improvement in survival after childhood cancer, increasing emphasis is being placed on the impact of treatment and its sequelae on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of survivors. The Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life Instrument (MMQL) is a standardized patient self-report instrument designed to assess HRQL in survivors of childhood cancer. The MMQL is being developed for three age groups to address the changing developmental need of different ages: MMQL-Youth (8 to 12 years), MMQL-Adolescent (13 to 20 years), and MMQL-Young Adult (21 to 45 years). This report focuses on the development and testing of the MMQL-Adolescent Form.To validate the instrument, the MMQL-Adolescent Form was administered to 397 adolescents (129 healthy individuals, 110 patients with cancer undergoing therapy, and 158 subjects off therapy for cancer). Factor analysis was conducted to refine the instrument. Construct validity was conducted by comparing similar constructs in the MMQL-Adolescent Form and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Discriminate validity was determined by comparing healthy children with children with cancer either on or off therapy. Stability of the MMQL was tested by readministering the MMQL-Adolescent Form 2 weeks later.Internal consistency reliability was in the acceptable range for this instrument. The MMQL was able to discriminate between the three study populations. There were high correlations between the MMQL scales and similar CHQ domains. Test-retest reliability of the MMQL-Adolescent Form demonstrated that the instrument was extremely stable in all scales tested.Overall, the data provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the MMQL-Adolescent Form as a comprehensive, multidimensional self-report instrument for measuring HRQL among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer.
Increased C-reactive protein levels in women at increased cardiovascular risk predict one-year events only when associated with increased interleukin-6 levels
Authors: Giuseppe M. Rosano, Otavio Gebara, Giuseppe Mercuro, Cristiano Sarais, Francesca Saiu, JosèAntonio F. Ramires, Massimo Fini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Oral contraceptives and serum amylase.
Authors: H. Adlercreutz, K. Soininen, M. Harkonan
Journal: BMJ (1972)

in-fertility, so it would be expected that a group of pregnant patients would have a lower incidence of positive tuberculin tests than non-pregnant controls.Even if the con- trols were accurately matched for age and parity it would be desirable to do tests in the same individuals in the pregnant and non-pregnant state.Montgomery and colleagues3 did this and found no influence of pregnancy.-Iam, etc.,
In-flight Emergencies: Doc Riders in the Sky-Reply
Authors: Richard O. Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The interesting experiences of Drs Bonchek and Glass hint at a vast, unknown reservoir of anecdotes about medical emergencies during air travel. Since publication of our articles<sup>1-3</sup>on this topic, we have received numerous personal accounts of the resourcefulness of traveling emergency personnel as well as airline employees. Simply asking for medications possessed by other passengers has been so effective so often that all traveling physicians should try it. The technique succeeds most noticeably with tranquilizers and hypnotics (at least with US passengers), but can also quickly produce nitroglycerin, aerosolized bronchodilators, antiemetics, insulin, diuretics, and analgesics. We have received accounts of passengers who have performed intubation in flight (a traveling anesthesiologist), relieved obstructed airways, and organized passenger teams to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation for more than 2 hours. Some occasional rigid thinking on the part of flight attendants has led to unfortunate episodes, such as failure to let
Epigenetic Instability of Cytokine and Transcription Factor Gene Loci Underlies Plasticity of the T Helper 17 Cell Lineage
Authors: Ryuta Mukasa, Anand Balasubramani, Yun Kyung Lee, Sarah K. Whitley, Benjamin T. Weaver, Yoichiro Shibata, Gregory E. Crawford, Robin D. Hatton, Casey T. Weaver
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Future community care of inpatients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: D. Turkington, D. Kingdon, K Malcolm
Journal: BMJ (1988)

ray film, and if contrast studies are performed the entire gastrointestinal tract must be visualised.3Surgeons in the United Kingdom are treating more penetrating injuries and should be aware that any such injury below the fourth intercostal space or in the upper abdomen has the potential to traverse the diaphragm, through which viscera may herniate at any time.
Potential sources of overdiagnosis in histopathology
Authors: M. Varma, V. Shah
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We highlight two potential sources of overdiagnosis related to histopathological examination of surgical specimens and terminology.1

Firstly, submitting multiple sections from background macroscopically normal tissue for microscopy is standard practice for histopathologists. These samples may contain coincidental in situ or invasive cancer. For example, background breast tissue from excision of a fibroadenoma may show …
The encephalitogenicity of TH17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23-induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF
Authors: Mohamed El-Behi, Bogoljub Ciric, Hong Dai, Yaping Yan, Melissa Cullimore, Farinaz Safavi, Guang-Xian Zhang, Bonnie N Dittel, Abdolmohamad Rostami
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Africa on the Precipice
Authors: Michael Elmore-Meegan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

FOR SUB-SAHARAN Africa, the past 20 years have been disastrous. The region has been beset by famines, droughts, civil wars, political corruption, AIDS, a rapidly increasing population, decreased food production, environmental degradation, a fall in the value of exports, an increase in the costs of imports, and massive government indebtedness. In addition, Africa now faces increasingly intense competition from other regions for scarce international aid, most notably from Eastern Europe. Aid experts are unanimous in their prediction that further economic decline, poverty, and suffering are inevitable, at least in the short term.<sup>1-8</sup>Despite ominous economic and demographic trends, there are indications that genuine political and economic reform may be about to take place. The opportunities for Western countries and institutions to contribute to the long-term humanitarian progress of the continent may be greater now than at at any time since the end of the colonial era.<sup>1-3</sup>However, if
Ascertainment and Prevention of Genetic Disease
Authors: A. E. H. Emery, C. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A genetic register system has been developed for the ascertainment and prevention of genetic disease. Its potential value is illustrated with data collected from 478 families with serious genetic disorders which had been seen during the past five years. Of these 249 were referred specifically for genetic counselling, autosomal dominant disorders accounting for the largest group of families with individuals at high risk of becoming affected. Of 717 individuals at high risk of having affected children (or carrier daughters in the case of X-linked recessive disorders), only 101 were referred specifically for counselling. Many were referred only after the birth of an affected child which might otherwise have been prevented. A genetic register system linked to practitioner, hospital, and health department records could be a valuable means of preventing genetic disease.