tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Prevention of Burning Accidents
Authors: L. Colebrook, V. Colebrook, J. P. Bull, D. M. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Five years ago we presented an analysis of the records of 2,000 patients admitted to the wards of the above burns unit (Colebrook and Colebrook, 1951).It showed briefly: (a) that two-thirds of these accidents had occurred in or about the home and one-third at the place of work; (b) that 50% of the victims were child- ren ; (c) that 82% of the deaths resulted from extensive injuries caused by the ignition of the victim's clothing; (d) that women and female children were the chief victims of these clothing burns ; (e) that the fabrics most frequently ignited in these accidents were raised cottons (of the flannelette and winceyette type) and rayon, both of which catch fire and propagate flame easily as compared with the closely woven woollen materials chiefly worn by men; (f) that the number of scalds was roughly equal to that of the burns, but they were much less often fatal-nearly all the victims were young children the upsetting of teapots and other containers of scalding liquids being the most common cause; and (g) it was estimated that the in-patient treatment of burns and scalds in the whole of England and Wales was respon- sible for a total occupation of hospital beds amounting to about 875,000 bed-days; and that the money cost (based in 1947 on an average of 30s. a day per in-patient) amounted to possibly £1,312,000 per annum.These findings suggested that the better guarding of coal, gas, and electric fires in homes was urgently re- quired, and should be stimulated by Government action; that the-development of safer clothing materials, especially for children, should be the object of further research; and that the severity of a high proportion of scalds might be greatly reduced if attention was paid to the better design of teapots.In this paper it is our object to show how far these aims have been achieved; to review the national records of deaths from burning accidents, and also a further series of 1,639 cases admitted to the Birmingham Burns Unit since 1951; and, f,'ally, to discuss what preventive steps are still required.
Analgesic Use, Agranulocytosis, and Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Wilhelm Gaus
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Oct 3,1986, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, some results of an international study on agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia are reported.<sup>1</sup>Our comments on this study are confined to agranulocytosis following dipyrone use in the regions of Ulm, West Germany, Berlin, and Barcelona, Spain. The main result of the study was that the risk of agranulocytosis is 23.7 times higher for dipyrone users than for non-users (the rate ratio) and that 27% of all cases of agranulocytosis are caused by dipyrone (the etiologic fraction). These two results are straightforward and replicatable, although the controls are not an unbiased sample of the population, because some controls (eg, those with hernia) were not really healthy in the week before the index day. However, we believe that the authors' most important result, namely, that "the estimated excess risk for any exposure in a one-week period was 1.1 per million," is
Chromosomal Instability in <i>MYH</i>- and <i>APC</i>-Mutant Adenomatous Polyps
Authors: Joana Cardoso, Lia Molenaar, Renee X. de Menezes, Monique van Leerdam, Carla Rosenberg, Gabriela Möslein, Julian Sampson, Hans Morreau, Judith M. Boer, Riccardo Fodde
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The vast majority of colorectal cancers display genetic instability, either in the chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite instability (MIN) forms. Although CIN tumors are per definition aneuploid, MIN colorectal cancers, caused by loss of mismatch repair function, are usually near diploid. Recently, biallelic germ line mutations in the MYH gene were found to be responsible for MYH-associated polyposis (MAP), an autosomal recessive predisposition to multiple colorectal polyps, often indistinguishable from the dominant familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome caused by inherited APC mutations. Here, we analyzed MYH- and APC-mutant polyps by combining laser capture microdissection, isothermal genomic DNA amplification, and array comparative genomic hybridization. Smoothed quantile regression methods were applied to the MAP and FAP genomic profiles to discriminate chromosomes predominantly affected by gains and losses. Up to 80% and 60% of the MAP and FAP polyps showed aneuploid changes, respectively. Both MAP and FAP adenomas were characterized by frequent losses at chromosome 1p, 17, 19, and 22 and gains affecting chromosomes 7 and 13. The aneuploid changes detected at early stages of MYH-driven tumorigenesis may underlie accelerated tumor progression, increased cancer risk, and poor prognosis in MAP. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2514-9)
The Relationship of Disordered Eating Habits and Attitudes to Clinical Outcomes in Young Adult Females With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Robert C. Peveler, Kathryn S. Bryden, H. Andrew W. Neil, Christopher G. Fairburn, Richard A. Mayou, David B. Dunger, Hannah M. Turner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To describe the clinical outcomes of adolescent and young adult female subjects with type 1 diabetes in relation to the disturbance of eating habits and attitudes over 8–12 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Patients were recruited from the registers of pediatric and young adult diabetes clinics (including nonattenders) and interviewed in the community. A total of 87 patients were assessed at baseline (aged 11–25 years), and 63 (72%) were reinterviewed after 8–12 years (aged 20–38 years). Eating habits and attitudes were assessed by a semistructured research diagnostic interview (Eating Disorder Examination). RESULTS—Clinical eating disorders ascertained from the interview and/or case note review at baseline or follow-up were found in 13 subjects (14.9% [95% CI 8.2–24.2]), and an additional 7 subjects had evidence of bingeing or purging, bringing the total affected to 26%. Insulin misuse for weight control was reported by 31 (35.6% [25.7–46.6]) subjects. Overall outcome was poor; serious microvascular complications were common and mortality was high. There were significant relationships between disordered eating habits, insulin misuse, and microvascular complications. CONCLUSIONS—Although the cross-sectional prevalence of clinical eating disorders in young women with diabetes is modest, the cumulative incidence of eating problems continues to increase after young adulthood, and this is strongly associated with poor physical health outcomes. The combination of an eating disorder and diabetes puts patients at high risk of mortality and morbidity. Better methods of detection and management are needed.
microRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis: midget RNAs with a giant impact
Authors: J. Wittmann, H.-M. Jack
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, non-coding molecules that primarily modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by predominantly hybridising to complementary sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of their corresponding mRNAs. Depending on the degree of Watson-Crick base pairing, a miRNA either accelerates the degradation of the corresponding transcript or restricts its translation. There is compelling evidence that miRNAs have crucial roles in controlling and modulating immunity, while dysregulation of miRNAs can lead to autoimmunity and promote tumourigenesis, making miRNA regulation a balancing act between immunity and tumourigenesis. Here, the focus is on the role of miRNAs during the establishment and sustainment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease with irreversible joint destruction. An overview of the known function of miRNAs in RA and what the future might hold for the use of these small RNA molecules in RA diagnosis and treatment is provided.
Crocidolite asbestos induces apoptosis of pleural mesothelial cells: role of reactive oxygen species and poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase.
Authors: V C Broaddus, L Yang, L M Scavo, J D Ernst, A M Boylan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Mesothelial cells, the progenitor cells of the asbestos-induced tumor mesothelioma, are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of asbestos, although the molecular mechanisms by which asbestos induces injury in mesothelial cells are not known. We asked whether asbestos induced apoptosis in mesothelial cells and whether reactive oxygen species were important. Rabbit pleural mesothelial cells were exposed to crocidolite asbestos or control particles (1-10 micrograms/cm2) over 24 hr and evaluated for oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry, and nuclear condensation. Asbestos fibers, not control particles, induced apoptosis in mesothelial cells by all assays. Induction of apoptosis was dose dependent; crocidolite (5 micrograms/cm2) induced apoptosis (15.0 +/- 1.1%, mean +/- SE; n = 12) versus control particles (< 4%), as measured by appearance of nuclear condensation. Apoptosis induced by asbestos, but not by actinomycin D, was inhibited by extracellular catalase, superoxide dismutase in the presence of catalase, hypoxia (8% oxygen), deferoxamine, and 3-aminobenzamide (an inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl) polymerase). We conclude that asbestos induces apoptosis in mesothelial cells via reactive oxygen species. We speculate that escape from this pathway could allow the abnormal survival of mesothelial cells with asbestos-induced mutations.
Health Care for the Homeless -- Lessons from the Front Line
Authors: Irwin Redlener
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In 1986, during the course of assessing the health status and health care needs of homeless children in New York City, my colleagues and I visited one of the city's largest and most notorious family-placement welfare hotels. The experience was heart-rending. On the day of our visit some 1000 children -- each with at least one parent -- were warehoused under conditions of profound squalor.The building itself, like most welfare hotels in New York, was condemnable under the codes that existed then. These facilities were kept open because the city simply had no other place to shelter many of . . .
LYMPHOKINES AND THROMBOSIS <i>II. Procoagulant Activity Produced by Human Lymphocytes Stimulated with Concanavalin A (Con‐A)</i>
Authors: EDOUARD COEUGNIET, GUNNAR BENDIXEN
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Human lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin-A produce a coagulant activity which decreases the clotting time as expressed through the recalcification time of citrated plasma, the partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin clotting time of citrated plasma and the thrombin clotting time of fibrinogen solutions. The culture supernatants of human lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin-A also have a direct coagulant effect on human fibrinogen solution. They decrease the lag period of recalcification time of citrated plasma but do not modify the duration of polymerization as measured with a spectrophotometric method.
99mTechnetium-labeled heparin: A new approach to detection of eosinophilic esophagitis–associated inflammation
Authors: Hedieh Saffari, Jeffrey J. Krstyen, Courtney Gonzalez, Frederic C. Clayton, Kristin M. Leiferman, Gerald J. Gleich, Kathryn A. Peterson, Leonard F. Pease
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Gout flare-ups are twice as likely at night, study finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Acute attacks of gout are twice as likely to occur during the night or first thing in the morning than in the daytime, new research has found.

The US study, published in the journal Arthritis & Rheumatology ,1 found that nocturnal attacks occurred even in people who did not consume alcohol and who had a low …
GPs should go with their gut feeling when they suspect serious disease, say researchers
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A general practitioner’s suspicion of serious disease should be enough to ensure rapid investigation even in the absence of conventional signs and symptoms, Danish researchers have said.1 A prospective population based cohort study involving over 400 GPs and 16 000 patient contacts found that a GP’s suspicion at the end of a consultation was strongly predictive of cancer or serious disease.

A total of 404 of the 845 invited GPs from a mix of urban, semi-urban, …
Abstract C75: miR-7 suppresses brain metastasis of cancer stem-like cells by modulating Kruppel-like factor 4 in breast cancer
Authors: Fei Xing, Hiroshi Okuda, Aya Kobayashi, Puspa R. Pandey, Puspa R. Pandey, Sambad Sharma, Yin-Yuan Mo, Yin Liu, Kerui Wu, Kounosuke Watabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The majority of cancer death of breast cancer attributed to metastatic disease. Despite this clinical importance, the exact pathological process of tumor metastasis is as yet poorly understood, and deciphering the exact molecular mechanism of this process is of paramount importance in order to identify specific therapeutic targets for this devastating disease. Recent active research in microRNA identified a series of this type of molecules that are involved in tumor progression in various tumors as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are considered to play a role in metastatic progression of breast cancer; however, the exact pathological role of CSCs is yet to be elucidated. In this report, we found that CSCs (CD24-/CD44+/ESA+) isolated from metastatic breast cell lines are significantly more metastatic than non-CSC populations in an organ specific manner. The results of our microRNA profile analysis for these cells revealed that CSCs that are highly metastatic to bone and brain expressed significantly lower level of miR-7 and that this microRNA was capable of modulating one of the essential genes for induced pluripotent stem cell, KLF4. Interestingly, high expression of KLF4 was significantly and inversely correlated to brain- but not bone-metastasis free survival of breast cancer patients, and we indeed found that the expression of miR-7 significantly suppressed the ability of CSCs to metastasize to brain but not to bone in our animal model. We also examined the expression of miR-7 and KLF4 in brain-metastatic lesions and found that these genes were significantly down- or up-regulated, respectively, in the tumor cells in brain. Furthermore, the results of our in vitro experiments indicate that miR-7 attenuates the abilities of invasion and self-renewal of CSCs by modulating KLF4 expression. These results suggest that miR-7 and KLF4 may serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for brain metastasis of breast cancer. Citation Format: Fei Xing, Hiroshi Okuda, Aya Kobayashi, Puspa R. Pandey, Puspa R. Pandey, Sambad Sharma, Yin-Yuan Mo, Yin Liu, Kerui Wu, Kounosuke Watabe. miR-7 suppresses brain metastasis of cancer stem-like cells by modulating Kruppel-like factor 4 in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C75.
Estrogen receptor-α gene transfer into bovine aortic endothelial cells induces eNOS gene expression and inhibits cell migration
Authors: E Tan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: It has been suggested that estrogen may improve endothelial cell function to delay the onset of atherosclerosis in pre-menopausal females, though its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We examined the hypothesis that human estrogen receptor-α (ERα) gene transfection improves the endothelial cell function. Methods: A replication deficient adenoviral vector was used to transfect the ERα gene into bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and a GFP gene containing vector was used as control. Expression of the eNOS gene was determined by Northern blot analysis and enzyme activity assay; cell migration was assayed using a Transwell apparatus; and tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK was estimated by Western blot analysis. Results: ERα gene transfection of endothelial cells produced a 2–3-fold increase in eNOS mRNA and protein levels as well as a significant increase (P<0.05) in NOS activity as measured by citrulline assay and nitrite accumulation in the media in response to bradykinin stimulation. Treatment of cells with estrogen blocking agent ICI 182780 inhibited eNOS induction in response to ERα transfection. ERα gene transfection significantly inhibited (P<0.05) bFGF-induced chemotactic migration of endothelial cells but increased cell attachment to fibronectin, laminin, and type I and IV collagens. ERα gene transfer also inhibited bFGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the atheroprotective effects of estrogen may in part be mediated by ERα-induced upregulation of eNOS gene expression and maintenance of endothelial cell function and integrity.
Teaching improves adherence to clinical guidelines in the treatment of oral anticoagulation-related severe bleeding in the emergency department
Authors: Benjamin Tremey, Karim Tazarourte, Catherine Ract, Mahjoub Gabteni, Leila Lavagna, Jacqueline Dépret-Vassal, Valérie Ségalin, Stéphane Saintonge, Bernard Vigué
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Electronic Flow Rate Controller for a Portable Insulin Infusion Pump
Authors: R T Ferguson, B Zinman, E B Marliss, A M Albisser
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

An electronic controller is described that regulates the flow of infusate by controlling the fraction of time that a pump is energized. Using the integral programming capability of the device, any one of 256 possible basal rates between 0 and 49.6% of the maximum rate can be chosen. An externally triggerable single meal-associated pulse can also be configured. The rate during the meal pulse can be any one of the 255 equally spaced rates in the range of 0–99.7%. The duration of this pulse can be chosen in 3-min steps to a maximum of 12.75 h, after which the rate automatically returns to the basal value. The controller consumes a minimum amount of power and can continuously operate a dc motor-driven pump at 3.0 V for 36 h. It drives the pump in an on-off mode in order to control the average flow rate digitally. In this way a significant reduction in the power requirements is realized and the system can be run for many days using small rechargeable batteries. One year of experience with 20 of these controllers was obtained in the research laboratory and clinical investigation unit. The results of this experience indicated the reliability and precision of these controllers, gave insight into their modes of failure, and provided valuable biomedical data for their improvement.
Psoriasis sparing the lower limb with postpoliomyelitis residual paralysis
Authors: T.-S. Wang, T.-F. Tsai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Psoriasis sparing the lower limb with postpoliomyelitis residual paralysis Get access T.‐S. Wang, T.‐S. Wang Department of Dermatology National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.‐F. Tsai T.‐F. Tsai Department of Dermatology National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan Correspondence: Tsen‐Fang Tsai. E‐mail: tftsai@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 2, 1 August 2014, Pages 429–431, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12854 Published: 01 August 2014
Clinical Experience
Authors: LOUIS A. PEREZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

Myocardial studies with 99mTc-labeled phosphate agents were obtained in 190 patients (208 myocardial scintigrams). Thirty-eight of 39 patients free of cardiovascular disease had no myocardial activity. Forty-two patients who met the clinical criteria for stable arteriosclerotic heart disease showed no myocardial activity. Thirty-seven patients with unstable arteriosclerotic heart disease showed ill-defined, faint-to-mild, increased activity in the region of the anterior to inferior aspect of the left ventricle. Sixty-three patients met the clinical criteria for acute myocardial infarction. Of 50 patients with transmural infarctions, 49 demonstrated focal accumulation of increased activity corresponding to the ECG localization of the infarction. Of 13 patients with subendocardial infarction, 11 demonstrated increased activity in the region of the left ventricle similar but somewhat more focal than that seen in unstable arteriosclerotic heart disease. Differentiation between these two conditions by scintigraphy alone is not always possible. Six of seven patients with myocardiopathy demonstrated faint-to-marked, diffuse, increased activity throughout the conines of a markedly enlarged cardiac silhouette. Assessment of the distribution and intensity of myocardial activity in conjunction with other clinical considerations aids in differentiation between these disease processes. Myocardial imaging with 99mTc-labeled phosphate is a simple, safe, non-invasive technique which is both practical and worthwhile in a community hospital setting.
Differential Susceptibility of Human IgA Immunoglobulins to Streptococcal IgA Protease
Authors: Andrew G. Plaut, Richard Wistar, J. Donald Capra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

IgA protease, a proteolytic enzyme found in human saliva and colonic fluid, hydrolyzes human serum IgA immunoglobulins to yield Fab(alpha) and Fc(alpha) fragments. The enzyme is produced by organisms in the normal human microflora and can be purified from culture filtrates of the common human oral organism Streptococcus sanguis (American Type Culture Collection no. 10556). IgA protease is inactive against all other protein substrates examined including the other classes of human immunoglobulins. The role of this enzyme in affecting the function of the secretory IgA immune system is unknown. To further characterize and explain this unusual substrate specificity, the susceptibility of 31 human IgA myeloma proteins of both subclasses was investigated. 16 IgA1 and 15 IgA2 myeloma paraproteins were treated with enzyme and the extent of proteolysis was determined by cellulose actate electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and column chromatography. All IgA1 proteins were enzymatically cleaved to Fab(alpha) and Fc(alpha) fragments, but all IgA2 proteins were resistant, yielding no fragments after prolonged enzymatic treatment. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified Fc(alpha) fragment of a single IgA1 paraprotein was as follows: Thr-Pro-Ser-Pro-?-Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ser. Comparison of this sequence to that reported for the IgA1 heavy chain shows that the enzyme-susceptible peptide bond is a Pro-Thr in the IgA1 hinge region. The most likely explanation of the resistance of the IgA2 subclass to IgA protease is a deletion in the heavy chain which commences with the critical threonine of the susceptible Pro-Thr bond.