tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secretion of a proteolytic anticoagulant by Ancylostoma hookworms.
Authors: P J Hotez, A Cerami
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Hookworms of the genus Ancylostoma secrete an anticoagulant that both inhibits the clotting of human plasma and promotes fibrin clot dissolution. This anticoagulant activity is attributable to a 36,000 dalton proteolytic enzyme. The protease can degrade fibrinogen into five smaller polypeptides that intrinsically have anticoagulating properties, covert plasminogen to a mini-plasminogen-like molecule, and hydrolyze a synthetic peptide substrate with specificity for elastolytic enzymes. It is hypothesized that the parasite uses this enzyme to prevent blood clotting while feeding on villous capillaries.
After coping with crisis, medicine ponders sequelae
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Gandhi Medical College Hospital in Bhopal, India, began receiving victims about an hour after the gas cloud spread across the city—around 1:30 AM. G. Peter Halberg, MD, professor of clinical ophthalmology at New York Medical College, Valhalla, who subsequently went to Bhopal at the invitation of Union Carbide Corporation, reported: "The numbers [of victims] soon began to increase rapidly. By 8 AM, ophthalmology and medical triage teams were established to determine treatment priorities." Halberg was later to tell a New York Eye and Ear Infirmary audience that physicians in Bhopal did "a truly amazing job of quickly providing medical services. All physicians within a 25-mile radius of Bhopal worked on 24- to 48-hour shifts during the emergency." "There were about 250 physicians involved," he says, "and a like number of residents. Pharmacies remained open 24 hours a day, providing services at no charge. The overall effort was truly amazing when
Hospital and surgeon volume in relation to long-term survival after oesophagectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nele Brusselaers, Fredrik Mattsson, Jesper Lagergren
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Centralisation of healthcare, especially for advanced cancer surgery, has been a matter of debate. Clear short-term mortality benefits have been described for oesophageal cancer surgery conducted at high-volume hospitals and by high-volume surgeons. <h3>Objective</h3> To clarify the association between hospital volume, surgeon volume and hospital type in relation to long-term survival after oesophagectomy for cancer, by a meta-analysis. <h3>Design</h3> The systematic literature search included PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, EMBASE and Science Citation Index, for the period 1990–2013. Eligible articles were those which reported survival (time to death) as HRs after oesophagectomy for cancer by hospital volume, surgeon volume or hospital type. Fully adjusted HRs for the longest follow-up were the main outcomes. Results were pooled by a meta-analysis, and reported as HRs and 95% CIs. <h3>Results</h3> Sixteen studies from seven countries met the inclusion criteria. These studies reported hospital volume (N=13), surgeon volume (N=4) or hospital type (N=4). A survival benefit was found for high-volume hospitals (HR=0.82, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.90), and possibly also, for high-volume surgeons (HR=0.87, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.02) compared with their low-volume counterparts. No association with survival remained for hospital volume after adjustment for surgeon volume (HR=1.01, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.06; N=2), while a survival benefit was found in favour of high-volume surgeons after adjustment for hospital volume (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98; N=2). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This meta-analysis demonstrated better long-term survival (even after excluding early deaths) after oesophagectomy with high-volume surgery, and surgeon volume might be more important than hospital volume. These findings support centralisation with fewer surgeons working at large centres.
Intellectual Function in Mexican Children Living in a Mining Area and Environmentally Exposed to Manganese
Authors: Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez, Rodolfo Solís-Vivanco, Astrid Schilmann, Sergio Montes, Sandra Rodríguez, Camilo Ríos, Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn), an essential trace element, has been shown to be neurotoxic, especially when inhaled. Few studies have examined potential effects of Mn on cognitive functions of environmentally exposed children.This study was intended to estimate environmental exposure to Mn resulting from mining and processing and to explore its association with intellectual function of school-age children.Children between 7 and 11 years of age from the Molango mining district in central Mexico (n = 79) and communities with similar socioeconomic conditions that were outside the mining district (n = 93) participated in the cross-sectional evaluation. The revised version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children adapted for the Mexican population was applied. Concentrations of Mn in blood (MnB) and hair (MnH) were used as biomarkers of exposure.Exposed children had significantly higher median values for MnH (12.6 μg/g) and MnB (9.5 μg/L) than did nonexposed children (0.6 μg/g and 8.0 μg/L, respectively). MnH was inversely associated with Verbal IQ [β = -0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.51 to -0.08], Performance IQ (β = -0.08; 95% CI, -0.32 to 0.16), and Total Scale IQ (β = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.42 to 0.02). MnB was inversely but nonsignificantly associated with Total and Verbal IQ score. Age and sex significantly modified associations of MnH, with the strongest inverse associations in young girls and little evidence of associations in boys at any age. Associations with MnB did not appear to be modified by sex but appeared to be limited to younger study participants.The findings from this study suggest that airborne Mn environmental exposure is inversely associated with intellectual function in young school-age children.
SECONDARY ALTERATIONS IN TOTAL SERUM CALCIUM AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF GLUCOSE AND INSULIN
Authors: Read Ellsworth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

In studying the metabolism of a case of idiopathic hypopara- thyroidism, in which the mechanism of the action of parathormonel was under observation, Albright and Ellsworth (1) found that the initial state of high blood phosphorus, low blood calcium, and low calcium excretion in the urine was altered by administration of the hormone in the following way: immediately after injection, the phosphorus excretion in the urine rose, the blood phosphorus fell, the blood calcium rose and then the excretion of calcium in the urine increased.Similar alterations were observed by Albright, Bauer, Ropes and Aub (2).The immediate rise of phosphorus excretion in the urine suggested that perhaps the initial effect of parathormone was on the phosphorus; whereas, the effect hitherto so much stressed, namely, the rise in serum calcium, might be a secondary result.Certain workers have emphasized the changes in phosphorus meta- Preparation introduced by Colip and prepared by Eli Lilly and Company.
Fasting Plasma Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c in Identifying and Predicting Diabetes
Authors: Wenyu Wang, Elisa T. Lee, Barbara V. Howard, Richard R. Fabsitz, Richard B. Devereux, Thomas K. Welty
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To compare fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c in identifying and predicting type 2 diabetes in a population with high rates of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetes was defined as an FPG level ≥126 mg/dL or an HbA1c level ≥6.5%. Data collected from the baseline and second exams (1989–1995) of the Strong Heart Study were used. RESULTS For cases of diabetes identified by FPG ≥126 mg/dL, using HbA1c ≥6.5% at the initial and 4-year follow-up diabetes screenings (or in identifying incident cases in 4 years) among undiagnosed participants left 46% and 59% of cases of diabetes undetected, respectively, whereas for cases identified by HbA1c ≥6.5%, using FPG ≥126 mg/dL left 11% and 59% unidentified, respectively. Age, waist circumference, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and baseline FPG and HbA1c levels were common significant risk factors for incident diabetes defined by either FPG or HbA1c; triglyceride levels were significant for diabetes defined by HbA1c alone, and blood pressure and sibling history of diabetes were significant for diabetes defined by FPG alone. Using both the baseline FPG and HbA1c in diabetes prediction identified more people at risk than using either measure alone. CONCLUSIONS Among undiagnosed participants, using HbA1c alone in initial diabetes screening identifies fewer cases of diabetes than FPG, and using either FPG or HbA1c alone cannot effectively identify diabetes in a 4-year periodic successive diabetes screening or incident cases of diabetes in 4 years. Using both criteria may identify more people at risk. The proposed models using the commonly available clinical measures can be applied to assessing the risk of incident diabetes using either criterion.
909-27 Prognostic Value of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Jason T. Tauke, Thomas O. Kong, Renata S. Alessandrini, Gil M. Vardi, Michele A. Parker, Robert O. Bonow, Farooq A. Chaudhry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Shedding kinetics of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors after systemic TNF leaking during isolated limb perfusion. Relevance to the pathophysiology of septic shock.
Authors: D Aderka, P Sorkine, S Abu-Abid, D Lev, A Setton, A P Cope, D Wallach, J Klausner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We examined the kinetics of shedding of the soluble TNF receptors (TNF-Rs) in response to TNF leakage during isolated limb perfusion procedures and correlated them to the resulting hemodynamic effects. Shedding of the TNF-Rs started 7 min after TNF leakage into the systemic circulation. Three waves of shedding were observed peaking at 1, 8-12, and 48-72 h both in vivo and in cell cultures. The soluble receptors prolonged the half-life of TNF in the systemic circulation to 2.5-6 h. Excess shedding of the p75 compared with p55 TNF-Rs was noted during the first wave. The amount and speed of shedding of the p75 TNF-Rs were proportional to the serum TNF levels (P < 0.001). A maximal shedding capacity was attained only during the first wave of shedding, at TNF concentrations of approximately 1.5 ng/ml. Above this level, the linearity between TNF and its soluble receptors was lost. TNF-induced hypotension coincided with the initial imbalance between the concentrations of TNF and its soluble receptors. Despite the spontaneous correction of this imbalance at 8-12 h, the hemodynamic and biochemical alterations persisted and were further aggravated at 18 h, suggesting that other factors induced earlier by TNF are responsible for the perpetuation of the hemodynamic instability. This study may provide the basis for a more physiological therapeutic approach to TNF neutralization in septic shock patients.
To Change or Not to Change a Name
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1980)

What's in a name? The people at the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, may agree that a rose by any other name would smell as sweet, but they are not equally comfortable with the proposal that bacteria can be renamed without unanimous consent of the scientific community.<sup>1</sup>The judicial commission of the International Committee of Systematic Bacteriology is considering a proposal by Lapage<sup>2</sup>that the family name Enterobacteriaciae be discarded in favor of Enterobacteraciae and that the type genus of the family be changed from<i>Escherichia</i>to<i>Enterobacter</i>. Although these may be semantic reasons, there are no pressing needs for these changes. Most physicians would not recognize Enterobacteriaciae if they encountered them in a Petri dish, but they do recognize<i>Escherichia</i>when named on a laboratory report, and they then associate the patient's problem with the name. There is some virtue in constancy, especially in the matter
Endosonographic Features of Esophageal Granular Cell Tumors
Authors: L. Palazzo, B. Landi, Ch. Cellier, G. Roseau, S. Chaussade, D. Couturier, J. Barbier
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Granular cell tumors of the esophagus are rare tumors. A definite diagnosis is achieved by endoscopic biopsies in only 50% of cases. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the best procedure in the evaluation of upper gastrointestinal tract submucosal tumors. The aim of this study was to describe the endosonographic findings of esophageal granular cell tumors.From January 1989 to March 1994, 15 patients with 21 granular cell tumors which had negative biopsies were examined by EUS (Olympus GF UM3 or GF UM20,7,5 and 12 MHz). In five cases, the tumor was also studied with a 20 MHz Olympus miniprobe. The final histological diagnoses were obtained by subsequent endoscopic snare resection in 20 cases and surgically in one case.The endosonographic features (with the GF UM3 or GF UM20) of esophageal granular cell tumors were: a) a tumor size of less than 2 cm in 95% of cases; b) an hypoechoic solid pattern in 100% of cases; c) a tumor arising in the inner layers in 95% (second echo-poor layer n=15; third echo-rich layer n=5). In one case, the endosonographic finding was transmural malignant infiltration of the esophageal wall (histologically confirmed).When a granular cell tumor of the esophagus is suspected, EUS can show the inner layer location of the tumor and thus contribute to planning the endoscopic resection or follow up. When the tumor also invades the outer layers, EUS can contribute to planning the surgical resection.
Website can charge fees for "matching" people wanting a transplant with donors, regulator says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A US run website can continue charging fees to “match” people who are seeking a kidney transplant with potential living donors in the United Kingdom, despite concerns raised with regulators.

The UK Human Tissue Authority has admitted that it has no legal jurisdiction over Boston based MatchingDonors.com because the service and its registration process are not run in the UK.

But the authority said that it took the view that registration fees charged by commercial matching agencies would not in themselves fall foul of legislation that bans the supply of organs for reward.

It has now promised new guidance later this year to inform the public what “matching” might entail for anyone who wished to contact such websites.

The move came …
Gulf war leaves legacy of cancer
Authors: M. Aitken
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The incidence of cancer and congenital defects has increased significantly in Iraq after the Allied use of depleted uranium bullets during the Gulf war, a recent conference in London was told. Declassified US documents suggest that the American military used about 944000 rounds of depleted uranium bullets in Iraq and Kuwait during the war in 1991.

The conference (about the cancer epidemic in Iraq and its possible link to the Allied use of depleted uranium weapons), …
Cardiac fibroblasts are essential for the adaptive response of the murine heart to pressure overload
Authors: Norifumi Takeda, Ichiro Manabe, Yuichi Uchino, Kosei Eguchi, Sahohime Matsumoto, Satoshi Nishimura, Takayuki Shindo, Motoaki Sano, Kinya Otsu, Paige Snider, Simon J. Conway, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Fibroblasts, which are the most numerous cell type in the heart, interact with cardiomyocytes in vitro and affect their function; however, they are considered to play a secondary role in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Here we have shown that cardiac fibroblasts are essential for the protective and hypertrophic myocardial responses to pressure overload in vivo in mice. Haploinsufficiency of the transcription factor–encoding gene Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) suppressed cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy elicited by moderate-intensity pressure overload, whereas cardiomyocyte-specific Klf5 deletion did not alter the hypertrophic responses. By contrast, cardiac fibroblast–specific Klf5 deletion ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, indicating that KLF5 in fibroblasts is important for the response to pressure overload and that cardiac fibroblasts are required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. High-intensity pressure overload caused severe heart failure and early death in mice with Klf5-null fibroblasts. KLF5 transactivated Igf1 in cardiac fibroblasts, and IGF-1 subsequently acted in a paracrine fashion to induce hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes. Igf1 induction was essential for cardioprotective responses, as administration of a peptide inhibitor of IGF-1 severely exacerbated heart failure induced by high-intensity pressure overload. Thus, cardiac fibroblasts play a pivotal role in the myocardial adaptive response to pressure overload, and this role is partly controlled by KLF5. Modulation of cardiac fibroblast function may provide a novel strategy for treating heart failure, with KLF5 serving as an attractive target.
Antitumor Effects of Doxorubicin in Combination With Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: J. Baselga, L. Norton, H. Masui, A. Pandiella, K. Coplan, W. H. Miller, J. Mendelsohn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Antitumor Effects of Doxorubicin in Combination With Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies Get access Jose Baselga, Jose Baselga Laboratory of Receptor Biology, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, N.Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Larry Norton, Larry Norton Laboratory of Receptor Biology, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, N.Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hideo Masui, Hideo Masui Laboratory of Receptor Biology, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, N.Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Atanasio Pandiella, Atanasio Pandiella Cell Biology and Genetics Program, Cornell University Medical College and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, N.Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Keren Coplan, Keren Coplan Laboratory of Receptor Biology, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, N.Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wilson H. Miller, Jr., Wilson H. Miller, Jr. Laboratory of Receptor Biology, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, N.Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Mendelsohn John Mendelsohn Laboratory of Receptor Biology, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, N.Y. John Mendelsohn, M.D., Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 16, August 1993, Pages 1327–1333, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.16.1327 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 11 March 1993 Revision received: 27 May 1993 Accepted: 03 June 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
Predicting NSAID related ulcers--assessment of clinical and pathological risk factors and importance of differences in NSAID.
Authors: A S Taha, S Dahill, R D Sturrock, F D Lee, R I Russell
Journal: Gut (1994)

Although ulcers are often associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) little is known about the feasibility of predicting their development in patients taking NSAIDs. In addition, the ulcerogenic potentials of the newer NSAIDs, taken on long term basis, have not been compared with those of more established preparations. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients at a higher risk of NSAID induced ulcers, measure the ulcerogenic potential of a variety of NSAIDs, and test the effect of these potentials on the predictability of ulceration. Altogether 190 long term NSAID users were studied. The presence of abdominal complaints, previous history of ulcers, arthritis related physical disability, anaemia, gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori status were all assessed as possible risk factors. NSAIDs were classified into established drugs (group I), and newer agents (group II). Group I included naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac, ketoprofen, piroxicam, and flurbiprofen. Group II included fenbufen, nabumetone, ibuprofen, etodolac, azapropazone, and tiaprofenic acid. Of 63 ulcers identified in the study group, 51 (81%) were seen in group I NSAID patients (51 of 132, 39%) compared with 12 ulcers in group II (12 of 58, 21%), p &lt; 0.02; estimated relative risk (ERR): 2.41). In group I, 25 ulcers were found in 38 patients with abdominal pain (25 of 38, 66%, p &lt; 0.01, ERR: 5.03); 18 in 25 (72%) patients with a previous history of ulcers (p &lt; 0.001, ERR: 5.77), 26 in 44 (59%) patients with debilitating arthritis (p &lt; 0.001, ERR 3.64), and 35 in 73 (48%) patients with H pylori associated gastritis (p &lt; 0.01, ERR: 2.48). The presence of these factors in group II patients did not influence the risk of ulceration. Group I NSAIDs were more likely to be associated with chemical gastritis and to intensify H pylori related damage. Although silent ulcers are not uncommon in patients taking NSAIDs, recognition of the risk factors might helps predict a significant number (up to 81%), especially in those receiving group I NSAIDs.
TORSION OF THE APPENDIX OF THE TESTIS (HYDATID OF MORGAGNI)
Authors: L. R. Broster, R. Coyte
Journal: BMJ (1929)

of Morgag-ii, and is preserved in the Patlhological Museum of the University' of Oxford.The patient made an uninterrupted recovery.This case has seemiied worthy of record ratlher on accoulnt of the rar-ity of the condition than of its clinical si^nifieance.I have failed to find aniy allusion to this lesion in the literature-of the subject, nor do a-y' cases appear to have been published recently, at least in this cousntry, America, or on the Continent.It wohlld be interesting to know whether pr-evious eases have been observed but not published.Thte description of the original colicLy pain w as suig- gestive of a uterine origin, andl was attriibuted to the ilncipient abortion, but the severe right-sidted( pain w-hich inicluced von-miting did not begin uintil the abortion was almiiost complete-that is, three weeks later-w*hen the uteruis colitained nothing but a fem necrotic fragments.It seems not improbable that this pain was dule to the stretching of the covering peritoneumiii produtced by the engorgemnent of the strangulated hyldatid.No cause wTas found for the torsion.The ovarian eysts were both simple follicular cysts following an old perio6phoritis, which had lproducecl on the right side a few incon.siderableadhesions; tlhe appendix presumably could have hiad nothilig to do witl the condition.