tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Neurocognition on Social and Role Functioning in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Ricardo E. Carrión, Terry E. Goldberg, Danielle McLaughlin, Andrea M. Auther, Christoph U. Correll, Barbara A. Cornblatt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Objective: Cognitive deficits have been well documented in schizophrenia and have been shown to impair quality of life and to compromise everyday functioning. Recent studies of adolescents and young adults at high risk for developing psychosis show that neurocognitive impairments are detectable before the onset of psychotic symptoms. However, it remains unclear how cognitive impairments affect functioning before the onset of psychosis. The authors assessed cognitive impairment in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis and examined its impact on social and role functioning. Method: A sample of 127 treatment-seeking patients at clinical high risk for psychosis and a group of 80 healthy comparison subjects were identified and recruited for research in the Recognition and Prevention Program. At baseline, participants were assessed with a comprehensive neurocognitive battery as well as measures of social and role functioning. Results: Relative to healthy comparison subjects, clinical high-risk patients showed significant impairments in the domains of processing speed, verbal memory, executive function, working memory, visuospatial processing, motor speed, sustained attention, and language. Clinical high-risk patients also displayed impaired social and role functioning at baseline. Among patients with attenuated positive symptoms, processing speed was related to social and role functioning at baseline. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that cognitive and functional impairments are detectable in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis before the onset of psychotic illness and that processing speed appears to be an important cognitive predictor of poor functioning.
Colitis ulcerosa complicated by malignant lymphoma: case report and analysis of published works.
Authors: R Lenzen, F Borchard, H Lubke, G Strohmeyer
Journal: Gut (1995)

A 51 year old woman with a two year history of ulcerative colitis developed a wide spread gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma of low grade malignancy (MALT-lymphoma) involving upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and bone marrow. After chemotherapy, clinical symptoms improved and lymphocytic infiltrates disappeared. Thirty nine cases of ulcerative colitis and 22 cases of Crohn9s disease complicated by gastrointestinal lymphomas reported in published works are reviewed. In inflammatory bowel diseases any dense lymphocytic infiltrates seen in biopsy specimens obtained from ulcerative colitis or Crohn9s disease should be assessed to exclude gastrointestinal lymphoma.
Altered Creatine Kinase Adenosine Triphosphate Kinetics in Failing Hypertrophied Human Myocardium
Authors: Craig S. Smith, Paul A. Bottomley, Steven P. Schulman, Gary Gerstenblith, Robert G. Weiss
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— The progression of pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to chronic heart failure (CHF) may involve a relative deficit in energy supply and/or delivery. Methods and Results— We measured myocardial creatine kinase (CK) metabolite concentrations and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through CK, the primary energy reserve of the heart, to test the hypothesis that ATP flux through CK is impaired in patients with LVH and CHF. Myocardial ATP levels were normal, but creatine phosphate levels were 35% lower in LVH patients (n=10) than in normal subjects (n=14, P &lt;0.006). Left ventricular mass and CK metabolite levels in LVH were not different from those in patients with LVH and heart failure (LVH+CHF, n=10); however, the myocardial CK pseudo first-order rate constant was normal in LVH (0.36±0.04 s −1 in LVH versus 0.32±0.06 s −1 in normal subjects) but halved in LVH+CHF (0.17±0.06 s −1 , P &lt;0.001). The net ATP flux through CK was significantly reduced by 30% in LVH (2.2±0.7 μmol · g −1 · s −1 , P =0.011) and by a dramatic 65% in LVH+CHF (1.1±0.4 μmol · g −1 · s −1 , P &lt;0.001) compared with normal subjects (3.1±0.8 μmol · g −1 · s −1 ). Conclusions— These first observations in human LVH demonstrate that it is not the relative or absolute CK metabolite pool sizes but rather the kinetics of ATP turnover through CK that distinguish failing from nonfailing hypertrophic hearts. Moreover, the deficit in ATP kinetics is similar in systolic and nonsystolic heart failure and is not related to the severity of hypertrophy but to the presence of CHF. Because CK temporally buffers ATP, these observations support the hypothesis that a deficit in myofibrillar energy delivery contributes to CHF pathophysiology in human LVH.
Coexistent MEFV and CIAS1 mutations manifesting as familial Mediterranean fever plus deafness
Authors: D. Singh-Grewal, J. Chaitow, I. Aksentijevich, J. Christodoulou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

We report two individuals with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) confirmed on genetic testing who also had progressive deafness and mutations in the CIAS1 gene. This is the first report of co-existent mutations in the CIAS1 and MEFV genes in the literature.

Patient 1, a boy, was investigated for splenomegaly in infancy without an identified cause. He had speech delay at the age of 3 years with mild conductive hearing deficit and at 5 years sensorineural deafness of 60 dB bilaterally in the 2000–3000 Hz range. At 6 years of age he developed recurrent fever, abdominal pain, arthritis and raised inflammatory markers. FMF …
Colonic epithelial cell mediated suppression of CD4 T cell activation
Authors: S M Cruickshank
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background and aims:</b> As the first point of contact with enteric antigens, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) may be key in regulating mucosal immune responses. We determined therefore if murine colonic epithelial cells (CEC) have tolerogenic or activating effects on CD4 T cells. <b>Methods:</b> Using a novel CEC, macrophages, and CD4 T cell coculture system, mitogen and antigen specific responses of naïve and antigen primed CD4 T cells were assessed. <b>Results:</b> Although a proportion of CEC express the costimulatory molecules B7.1, B7.2, CD40, and CD54, they were unable to promote mitogen or antigen driven activation of CD4 T cells, even in the presence of exogenous costimulatory signals. CD4 T cells cocultured with CEC were CD25<sup>lo</sup> and CD45RB<sup>lo</sup> and remained in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. CEC were also able to prevent CD4 T cell activation by professional antigen presenting cells. CEC mediated suppression of T cell activation was cell contact dependent and transforming growth factor β independent. <b>Conclusions:</b> These observations suggest that CEC contribute to the maintenance of T cell tolerance in the gut by preventing inappropriate activation of CD4 T cells.
Disinfection of Hands: Removal of Transient Organisms
Authors: E. J. L. Lowbury, H. A. Lilly, J. P. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Antiseptic detergent mixtures containing hexachlorophane or iodine have been found to cause a large reduction in the " resi- dent " skin flora when used repeatedly for washing the hands- an effect which was not obtained by the use of ordinary soap and water (Traub, Newhall, and Fuller, 1944 ; Seastone, 1947; Lowbury, Lilly, and Bull, 1963).Hexachlorophane has little immediate effect after a single application, but repeated use of the antiseptic causes a progressive reduction in the number of resident organisms.The poor activity of hexachlorophane against Gram-negative bacilli is another limitation which does not affect its value in reducing the resident flora, among which Staphylococcus aureus is the only common pathogen.Suppressing or removing " transient " organisms from the skin presents a different problem.The transient flora include any bacteria that are deposited on the skin, such as Pseudomonas pyocyanea and strains of salmonella, shigella, and Escherichia coli which may be carried on the hands of nurses in wards where infection with these pathogens occurs ; Staph.aureus may also be carried as a transient organism.Antiseptics and ablutions are required to remove these organisms rapidly rather than to suppress them by a progressive or cumulative action residual antiseptic on the skin may, nevertheless, be useful in preventing contamination or in destroying contaminants which are deposited after antiseptic ablutions or treatment with anti- septic creams.In this paper we report a comparative study on alternative methods for the removal of transient flora ; we also describe experiments on the survival of bacteria deposited on the skin after treatment with antiseptics.Comparison of Methods for Removal of Ps. pyocyanea and Staph.aureus Materials and MethodsOvernight nutrient-broth cultures of Staph.aureus (62/2904) and Ps.pyocyanea (62/1274) were washed three times and resuspended in distilled water, the staphylococcus in the same volume and the pseudomonas, because of its poor survival on drying, in one-tenth of the volume of the original culture.One drop (0.02 ml.) of the bacterial suspension was inoculated on a marked area of the palm of each hand in volunteers, the hands
Achieving Rapid Door-To-Balloon Times
Authors: Elizabeth H. Bradley, Leslie A. Curry, Tashonna R. Webster, Jennifer A. Mattera, Sarah A. Roumanis, Martha J. Radford, Robert L. McNamara, Barbara A. Barton, David N. Berg, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Fewer than half of patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) are treated within guideline-recommended door-to-balloon times; however, little information is available about the approaches used by hospitals that have been successful in improving door-to-balloon times to meet guidelines. We sought to characterize experiences of hospitals with outstanding improvement in door-to-balloon time during 1999–2002. Methods and Results— We performed a qualitative study using in-depth interviews (n=122) with clinical and administrative staff at 11 hospitals that were participating with the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction and had median door-to-balloon times of ≤90 minutes during 2001–2002, representing substantial improvement since 1999. Data were organized with the use of NUD-IST 4 (Sage Publications Software) and were analyzed by the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis. Eight themes characterized hospitals’ experiences: commitment to an explicit goal to improve door-to-balloon time motivated by internal and external pressures; senior management support; innovative protocols; flexibility in refining standardized protocols; uncompromising individual clinical leaders; collaborative teams; data feedback to monitor progress and identify problems and successes; and an organizational culture that fostered resilience to challenges or setbacks in improvement efforts. Conclusions— Several themes characterized the experiences of hospitals that had achieved notable improvements in their door-to-balloon times. By distilling the complex and diverse experiences of organizational change into its essential components, this study provides a foundation for future efforts to elevate clinical performance in the hospital setting.
The ontology of aspectual shape
Authors: Martin Kurthen, Detlef B. Linke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Searle (1990) argues that unconscious intrinsic intentional states must be accessible to consciousness because (1) all intrinsic intentional states have aspectual shape, the “ontology” of which cannot be explained in a third-person (e.g., neurophysiological) vocabulary, and (2) ontologically, unconscious mental states are neurophysiological processes. This argument confuses three senses of “ontology,” namely, factuality, individuative properties, and phenomenological presence.
Episodic Bradycardia as Neurocardiac Prodrome to Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Complex/Leucine-Rich, Glioma Inactivated 1 Antibody Encephalitis
Authors: Georges Naasan, Sarosh R. Irani, Brianne M. Bettcher, Michael D. Geschwind, Jeffrey M. Gelfand
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

oltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody (VGKCc-Ab) encephalitis is characterized by rapidonset dementia, seizures, and hyponatremia. 1,2The leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) protein, part of the VGKCcomplex, is the established antigenic target in most cases of this antibody-mediated limbic syndrome. 3,4We describe 3 patients with VGKCc/LGI1-Ab encephalitis who developed episodic bradycardia requiring pacemaker implantation prior to the onset of encephalopathy.As LGI1 is widely expressed throughout brain but not cardiac tissue 4 and as cardiac conduction can be modulated by cortical autonomic centers, 5 we propose that the antibody-associated encephalitis generates episodic bradycardia early within the disease process. MethodsWe identified 14 patients with VGKCc-Ab encephalitis 6,7 evaluated between January 1, 2006, and August 1, 2013, in the Uni-versity of California, San Francisco Rapid Dementia Research Program and Autoimmune Encephalitis Clinic.Testing for VGKCc-Abs and LGI1-Abs was performed in US clinical laboratories and/or the international research laboratories of
Cell proliferation of pericryptal fibroblasts in the rat colon mucosa.
Authors: A P Maskens, J R Rahier, F P Meersseman, R M Dujardin-Loits, J G Haot
Journal: Gut (1979)

The turnover of pericryptal fibroblasts in the rat colon mucosa was analysed after in vivo incorporation of tritiated thymidine. Thirty-six rats were serially killed one hour to 21 days after intraperitoneal injection of the radionuclide. At one hour, the labelling index of pericryptal fibroblasts was only 2.44%; labelled fibroblasts were slightly predominant along the lower two-thirds of the crypts. Within 24 hours, most underwent at least one cell division. No migration was observed and a significant proportion of labelled fibroblasts was still present after three weeks. It is concluded that those fibroblasts constitute a slowly renewing cell population. The data failed to confirm the hypothesis of an 9en bloc9 migration of fibroblasts in synchrony with the epithelial cells.
Digital Imaging in Pathology: Whole-Slide Imaging and Beyond
Authors: Farzad Ghaznavi, Andrew Evans, Anant Madabhushi, Michael Feldman
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2011)

Digital imaging in pathology has undergone an exponential period of growth and expansion catalyzed by changes in imaging hardware and gains in computational processing. Today, digitization of entire glass slides at near the optical resolution limits of light can occur in 60 s. Whole slides can be imaged in fluorescence or by use of multispectral imaging systems. Computational algorithms have been developed for cytometric analysis of cells and proteins in subcellular locations by use of multiplexed antibody staining protocols. Digital imaging is unlocking the potential to integrate primary image features into high-dimensional genomic assays by moving microscopic analysis into the digital age. This review highlights the emerging field of digital pathology and explores the methods and analytic approaches being developed for the application and use of these methods in clinical care and research settings.
Start of the 2014/15 influenza season in Europe: drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulate as dominant subtype
Authors: E Broberg, R Snacken, C Adlhoch, J Beauté, M Galinska, D Pereyaslov, C Brown, P Penttinen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

The influenza season 2014/15 started in Europe in week 50 2014 with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. The majority of the A(H3N2) viruses characterised antigenically and/or genetically differ from the northern hemisphere vaccine component which may result in reduced vaccine effectiveness for the season. We therefore anticipate that this season may be more severe than the 2013/14 season. Treating influenza with antivirals in addition to prevention with vaccination will be important.
Minority Faculty Development Programs and Underrepresented Minority Faculty Representation at US Medical Schools
Authors: James P. Guevara, Emem Adanga, Elorm Avakame, Margo Brooks Carthon
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Diversity initiatives have increased at US medical schools to address underrepresentation of minority faculty.To assess associations between minority faculty development programs at US medical schools and underrepresented minority faculty representation, recruitment, and promotion.Secondary analysis of the Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster, a database of US medical school faculty.Full-time faculty at schools located in the 50 US states or District of Columbia and reporting data from 2000-2010.Availability of school-wide programs targeted to underrepresented minority faculty in 2010.Percentage of underrepresented minority faculty, defined as self-reported black, Hispanic, Native American, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander faculty. Percentage of underrepresented minority faculty was computed by school and year for all faculty, newly appointed faculty, and newly promoted faculty. Panel-level analyses that accounted for faculty clustering within schools were conducted and adjusted for faculty- and school-level variables.Across all schools, the percentage of underrepresented minority faculty increased from 6.8% (95% CI, 6.7%-7.0%) in 2000 to 8.0% (95% CI, 7.8%-8.2%) in 2010. Of 124 eligible schools, 36 (29%) were identified with a minority faculty development program in 2010. Minority faculty development programs were heterogeneous in composition, number of components, and duration. Schools with minority faculty development programs had a similar increase in percentage of underrepresented minority faculty as schools without minority faculty development programs (6.5%-7.4% vs 7.0%-8.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.91 [95% CI, 0.72-1.13]). After adjustment for faculty and school characteristics, minority faculty development programs were not associated with greater representation of minority faculty (adjusted OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.81-1.22]), recruitment (adjusted OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83-1.15]), or promotion (adjusted OR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.91-1.30]). In subgroup analyses, schools with programs of greater intensity (present for ≥5 years and with more components) were associated with greater increases in underrepresented minority representation than schools with minority faculty development programs of less intensity.The percentage of underrepresented minority faculty increased modestly from 2000 to 2010 at US medical schools. The presence of a minority faculty development program targeted to underrepresented minority faculty was not associated with greater underrepresented minority faculty representation, recruitment, or promotion. Minority faculty development programs that were of greater intensity were associated with greater increases in underrepresented minority faculty representation.
VDR and VDBP polymorphisms are associated with 25(OH)D3 levels in asthmatic children
Authors: Maria Iordanidou, Emmanouil Paraskakis, Giota Giasari, Vagelis Manolopoulos, Athanasios Chatzimichael
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Serum 25(OH)D 3  is the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with asthma susceptibility and severity. Polymorphisms in vitamin D pathway genes have been associated with 25(OH)D 3  levels in other various diseases, not including asthma.   Aims:  To investigate any association between serum 25(OH)D 3  levels and VDR ApaI, VDBP rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms in asthmatic children.   Methods:  Serum 25(OH)D 3  was measured in 69 asthmatic children and VDR ApaI, VDBP rs7041 and rs4588 SNPs were analyzed using PCR-RFLP method. Asthma control was assessed by Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ).   Results:  Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D 3 ≤20 ng/ml) was associated with not-controlled asthma (ATAQ 3.1±1.5 ng/ml vs 2.0±1.4 ng/ml, p=0.037). Lower serum 25(OH)D 3  levels were associated with the rs7041 TT genotype (18.6±4.7 ng/ml) compared to rs7041 TG and GG genotypes (25.6±2.3 ng/ml and 30.1±12.1, respectively, p=0.006) and the 1f/2 and 2/2 compared to other VDBP diplotypes (p= 0.045). Also, the frequency of rs7041 TT genotype was significantly higher in asthmatic children with 25(OH)D 3 ≤20 ng/ml (35.0%) compared to those with 25(OH)D 3 >20 ng/ml (10.2%, p=0.003). The frequencies of 1f/2, 1f/1s and 2/2 VDBP diplotypes were higher in asthmatic children with 25(OH)D 3 ≤20 ng/ml (20.0% vs 6.3%, 25% vs 2.1% and 40.0% vs 14.6%, respectively, p=0.003). No association was found between serum 25(OH)D 3  and VDR ApaI or VDBP rs4588 genotypes.   Discussion:  Lower 25(OH)D 3  levels were associated with higher ATAQ score. VDBP rs7041 TT genotype and 1f/2, 1f/1s and 2/2 VDBP diplotypes were found to be associated with lower 25(OH)D 3  serum levels in asthmatic children.
Oxybutynin as a treatment for generalized hyperhidrosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: M. Schollhammer, E. Brenaut, N. Menard-Andivot, M. Pillette-Delarue, A. Zagnoli, M. Chassain-Le Lay, B. Sassolas, N. Jouan, Y. Le Ru, C. Abasq-Thomas, M. Greco, K. Penven, A.M. Roguedas-Contios, D. Dupré-Goetghebeur, C. Gouedard, L. Misery, G. Le Gal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Hyperhidrosis is a disorder that can impair quality of life. Localized treatments may be cumbersome and ineffective, and no systemic treatments have proven to be significantly beneficial.To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of low-dose oxybutynin for hyperhidrosis.We conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. From June 2013 to January 2014, 62 patients with localized or generalized hyperhidrosis were enrolled. Oxybutynin was started at a dose of 2·5 mg per day and increased gradually to 7·5 mg per day. The primary outcome was defined as improvement of at least one point on the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS). Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and tolerance were also reported.Most patients (83%) in our study had generalized hyperhidrosis. Oxybutynin was superior to placebo in improving the HDSS: 60% of patients treated with oxybutynin, compared with 27% of patients treated with placebo, improved at least one point on the HDSS (P = 0·009). The mean improvement in quality of life measured by DLQI was significantly better in the oxybutynin arm (6·9) than in the placebo arm (2·3). The most frequent side-effect was dry mouth, which was observed in 43% of the patients in the oxybutynin arm, compared with 11% in the placebo arm.Treatment with low-dose oxybutynin is effective in reducing symptoms of hyperhidrosis in generalized or localized forms. Side-effects were frequent but minor and mainly involved dry mouth.
GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN USERS IN THE COMMUNITY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PLAIN AND BUFFERED ASPIRIN
Authors: Jeroen Jaspers Focks, Marc A. Brouwer, Etiënne G. Cramer, Merel M. Tielemans, Leo G. van Rossum, Ties Eikendal, Robert J. Laheij, Jan B. Jansen, Martijn G. van Oijen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)