tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Infection and Early Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hugh S. Markus, Matthias Sitzer, David Carrington, Michael A Mendall, Helmuth Steinmetz
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis but whether it plays a role at an early stage in the disease is uncertain. An early estimate of atherosclerosis can be obtained by ultrasonic imaging of the carotid artery to determine intima-media thickness (IMT) and the thickness of any atheroma plaques. Methods and Results —In 983 normal population individuals aged 30 to 70 years, we measured common carotid artery (CCA) and carotid bulb IMT, and also carotid plaque thickness and the degree of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. C. pneumoniae IgA titers of ≥16 and IgG titers of ≥64 were taken as positive. There was no association between C. pneumoniae IgA or IgG seropositivity with right, left, or mean CCA or bulb IMT, or with the presence of carotid plaques. There was a significant association between IgA seropositivity and &gt;50% mean carotid stenosis with an odds ratio of 5.24 (95% CI 1.24 to 22.21, P =0.0245) after controlling for age and sex; after controlling for other cardiovascular risk factors, this was not significant 3.96 (95% CI 0.84 to 18.78, P =0.082). No association was found between IgA or IgG seropositivity and markers of fibrinogen, log C-reactive protein, or leukocyte count. Conclusions —We found no evidence that serological evidence of C. pneumoniae infection is associated with early atherosclerosis. It is possible that IgA seropositivity is associated with more advanced disease but this hypothesis needs to be examined in a population with a higher prevalence of advanced atherosclerosis. We found no evidence that C. pneumoniae results in a chronic systemic inflammatory state.
A High Content Clonogenic Survival Drug Screen Identifies MEK Inhibitors as Potent Radiation Sensitizers for KRAS Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Steven H. Lin, Jing Zhang, Uma Giri, Clifford Stephan, Mary Sobieski, Ling Zhong, Kathy A. Mason, Jessica Molkentine, Howard D. Thames, Stephen S. Yoo, John V. Heymach
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
A Novel Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Locus at 19q13
Authors: Fang-Chi Hsu, Jielin Sun, Fredrik Wiklund, Sarah D. Isaacs, Kathleen E. Wiley, Lina D. Purcell, Zhengrong Gao, Pär Stattin, Yi Zhu, Seong-Tae Kim, Zheng Zhang, Wennuan Liu, Bao-Li Chang, Patrick C. Walsh, David Duggan, John D. Carpten, William B. Isaacs, Henrik Grönberg, Jianfeng Xu, S. Lilly Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

A two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) initiative identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 150 regions across the genome that may be associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. We filtered these results to identify 43 independent SNPs where the frequency of the risk allele was consistently higher in cases than in controls in each of the five CGEMS study populations. Genotype information for 22 of these 43 SNPs was obtained either directly by genotyping or indirectly by imputation in our PCa GWAS of 500 cases and 500 controls selected from a population-based case-control study in Sweden [Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS)]. Two of these 22 SNPs were significantly associated with PCa risk (P<0.05). We then genotyped these two SNPs in the remaining cases (n=2,393) and controls (n=1,222) from CAPS and found that rs887391 at 19q13 was highly associated with PCa risk (P=9.4 x 10(-4)). A similar trend of association was found for this SNP in a case-control study from Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH), albeit the result was not statistically significant. Altogether, the frequency of the risk allele of rs887391 was consistently higher in cases than controls among each of seven study populations examined, with an overall P=3.2 x 10(-7) from a combined allelic test. A fine-mapping study in a 110-kb region at 19q13 among CAPS and JHH study populations revealed that rs887391 was the most strongly associated SNP in the region. Additional confirmation studies of this region are warranted.
Short Psychotherapeutic Interventions (Four Sessions)
Authors: E. Gillieron
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

This paper points out: (1) The fundamental importance, during the patient's first visit, of a shift of the objective involvement on the therapist's person, when a significant real object fails. (2) An initial interpretation, based on understanding this mechanism, is mutational in that it transfers the mourning for relations to internal objects. (3) The patient usually takes medical advice when in a more or less open crisis situation, where his objective investment (internal and external) is shaken. (4) The nature of the crisis can be understood, by a deep investigation of the patient's relational context following a psychoanalytical pattern. (5). Application of these concepts allows very short interventions (psychotherapeutic interventions), the therapeutic value of which is undeniable.
MULTIPLE NEURITIS SIMULATING PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY.WITH REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: JULIUS GRINKER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Although multiple neuritis and progressive muscular atrophy both have their pathology in the lower neuron, for clinical diagnosis and treatment it is necessary to differentiate between disease of the peripheral nerves and that resulting from anterior horn degeneration. The ordinary type of polyneuritis with sensory disturbances: hyperesthesia followed by anesthesia, tenderness of muscles and nerves, combined with absent tendon reflexes, flaccid paralysis, atrophy and reaction of degeneration, will rarely cause difficulties in diagnosis. It is quite different when the neuritic processes are very extensive, when sensory symptoms are either absent or insignificant, and when muscular atrophy is found over large territories. We have been taught to study the distribution of muscle atrophy in such cases and authorities agree that in progressive muscular atrophy the muscles are usually affected according to their physiologic grouping in the cord, while in peripheral neuritis muscles are seized that have a common innervation regardless of
Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development
Authors: Susan P Walker, Theodore D Wachs, Sally Grantham-McGregor, Maureen M Black, Charles A Nelson, Sandra L Huffman, Helen Baker-Henningham, Susan M Chang, Jena D Hamadani, Betsy Lozoff, Julie M Meeks Gardner, Christine A Powell, Atif Rahman, Linda Richter
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
The endothelial cholesterol efflux is promoted by the high-density lipoprotein anionic peptide factor
Authors: Nicole Domingo, Isabelle Mastellone, Sandra Grès, Valérie Marin, Anne Marie Lorec, Frédéric Tosini, Jeanne Grosclaude, Catherine Farnarier, Françoise Chanussot
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: George L. Tzanis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 January 2009Peripheral Arterial DiseaseGeorge L. Tzanis, MDGeorge L. Tzanis, MDFrom Wilmington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wilmington, Delaware.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-1-200901060-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Mohler ER, Jaff MR. 150 pages. Philadelphia: American Coll of Physicians; 2008. $49.95. ISBN 9781930513969. Order at www.acponline.org/peripheralarterialdisease.Field of medicine: Vascular medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Medical students, residents, internists, vascular interventionists, and other clinicians interested in lower-extremity atherosclerotic disease.Purpose: To provide an updated review highlighting the most clinically important diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in the management of the patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), with an eye toward future directions in the field and a focus on the lower extremity.Content: A few very broad clinical questions introduce each of the 8 chapters. Otherwise, the chapters are ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Wilmington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wilmington, Delaware. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 1Page: 64KeywordsDiagnostic imagingEpidemiologyEye diseasesForecastingPeripheral vascular diseaseResearch laboratoriesSoftware toolsVascular diseasesVascular medicine ePublished: 6 January 2009 Issue Published: 6 January 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Calcium transport in the thick ascending limb of Henle. Heterogeneity of function in the medullary and cortical segments.
Authors: W N Suki, D Rouse, R C Ng, J P Kokko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Calcium transport was studied in medullary and cortical segments of the thick ascending limb of Henle perfused in vitro. 45Ca was added to the perfusate for measuring lumen-to-bath flux (JlbCa), to the bath for measuring bath-to-lumen flux (JblCa), or to both perfusate and bath for measuring net flux (JnetCa). In the medullary segment JlbCa exceeding JblCa and the efflux:influx coefficient ratio was not different from the value predicted from the observed potential difference (PD). In the cortical segments, however, efflux:influx coefficient ratio was greater than the value predicted from the PD, suggesting that calcium transport in this segment may be active, while it is passive in the medullary segment. Furosemide, which reversibly decreases PD in both cortical and medullary segments, inhibited JlbCa only in the medullary segment. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), on the other hand, had no effect on JnetCa in the medullary segment, but it significantly augmented JnetCa in the cortical segment. These results indicate that calcium transport in the thick ascending limb is heterogeneous. In the medullary segment it is passive, inhibited by furosemide and not influenced by PTH. In the cortical segment, however, calcium transport appears to be active, not inhibited by furosemide and stimulated by PTH.
Indian government bans smoking in new films and TV serials
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2005)

After weeks of debate over a proposal from the health ministry, the Indian government has decided to ban the portrayal of smoking in new films. Consumer groups and doctors have welcomed the move.

The ban on the portrayal of smoking or other uses of tobacco, announced by the information and broadcasting ministry last week, will apply to films and television serials produced after 2 October 2005.

Citing studies of how films influence attitudes to tobacco among young people, the health ministry had originally proposed a ban on the use of tobacco in all films and television serials. …
Immune response in humans after vaccination with vaccinia virus: generation of a virus-specific cytotoxic activity by human peripheral lymphocytes
Authors: LH Perrin, RM Zinkernagel, MBA Oldstone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

After vaccinia virus vaccination of human volunteers, local indurations developed within 10 days, and regional adenopathy was detected in half of the individuals. Their peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) harvested at different days after vaccination showed specific activity against target cells infected with vaccinia virus with a peak activity at day 7. The specificity of the cytotoxic activity was not related to HLA markers, since autologous, homologous, and heterologous infected target cells were lysed with the same efficiency. The cytotoxic activity was caused by PBL that did not rosette with sheep erythrocytes and could be depleted by more than 90 percent by removing Fc receptor-bearing cells. T-cell- depleted PBL showed a one-half to two times greater cytotoxicity than intact PBL. The cytotoxic activity could also be abrogated by more than 95 percent by rabbit Fab(2) anti-human IgG. On the other hand, nonimmune PBL lysed vaccinia-infected target cells in the presence of specific antibodies against vaccinia virus, thus demonstrating that ADCC could be efficient in lysing vaccinia-infected target cells. We conclude that after vaccination, antibody-forming cells arise and provide specific anti-viral antibody and that the cytotoxic cells detected in this reaction are K cells. These experiments suggest that antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity may be of major importance in the recovery of man to virus infections.
Immediate Thoracotomy for a Stab Wound of the Heart
Authors: Arthur E. Baue
Journal: JAMA (1963)

PENETRATING WOUNDS of the chest involving the heart may allow survival for a variable period of time after injury. In those wounds that are not rapidly fatal, a fairly uniform approach has evolved in which cardiac tamponade is treated by pericardial aspiration, and shock with blood transfusion.1-4Failure to respond to these measures, or recurring tamponade, requires a planned thoracotomy. Some have proposed a planned thoracotomy for all such wounds.5, 6  An occasional patient will survive long enough to get to a hospital but will die shortly thereafter. Such patients have not been included in treated series because of the overwhelming problems involved. The following case illustrates a problem in which an immediate thoracotomy in an emergency room a few minutes after admission was necessary and successful.  Report of a Case  A 27-year-old man was admitted to the emergency ward with a 3 cm stab wound in the
Colonic crypt cell proliferation state assessed by whole crypt microdissection in sporadic neoplasia and familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: S J Mills
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> It has yet to be established whether proliferative activity in the macroscopically normal colonic mucosa is causally correlated with neoplastic risk. Measurement of proliferative activity in human subjects is of necessity usually undertaken using indirect methods with inherent limitations, and relatively little has been published on the effect of normal biological variables on such indices. <h3>AIMS</h3> To establish the validity of mitosis counts following whole crypt microdissection as an index of the crypt cell proliferative state (CCPS) and to examine the effect of normal biological variables (age, sex, and colonic site) and colonic neoplasia on the mitotic index in macroscopically normal human colon. <h3>SUBJECTS</h3> Mucosal samples were obtained at colectomy or colonoscopy from 107 individuals (24 controls, 23 sporadic adenoma patients, 31 sporadic carcinoma patients, and 29 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)). <h3>METHODS</h3> Mucosal specimens were hydrated, hydrolysed, and small groups of crypts separated from the main specimen under a dissecting microscope. The total number of mitoses/crypt were counted by one observer for each of 10 complete crypts. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Validation work established that whole crypt mitoses counts were reliable and reproducible. There was no relation between age and mean mitoses/crypt (Pearson correlation coefficient −0.1). The CCPS count was higher for males than for females (difference in means 2.8 (95% confidence interval 0.80–4.66)) among controls but there was no gender difference in the three disease groups. For all disease groups and controls, the crypt mitotic count showed a significant linear increase (p=0.004) from the rectum to the caecum. Biopsies from within 5 cm of the macroscopic margin of a carcinoma (near) gave a mean mitosis count of 12.6 while those from more than 10 cm (far) were lower but not significantly so (p=0.12) with a count of 9.0. The mean mitoses/crypt were similar for the controls and adenomas (5.6 and 4.7, respectively) but greater for the cancers and especially for FAP (8.3 and 14.2, respectively). Statistical analysis confirmed that there were significant differences (p&lt;0.05) between controls and all disease groups together, between sporadic disease and FAP, and between adenoma and carcinoma subjects at each of the four colonic sites. Post hoc comparison by<i>t</i> test showed significantly greater CCPS for FAP compared with controls (p&lt;0.001) and for sporadic cancer versus controls (p=0.04). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Whole crypt microdissection and mitosis counting is a reliable, reproducible, and robust technique for assessing CCPS in the human colon. CCPS is unaffected by age but increases from the distal to the proximal colon. CCPS is increased if a sporadic cancer is present and markedly increased in FAP. However, the precise relation of an increased CCPS to the neoplastic process remains uncertain.
Colonic myoelectrical activity in IBS painless diarrhoea.
Authors: J Frexinos, J Fioramonti, L Bueno
Journal: Gut (1987)

Colonic myoelectrical activity was recorded during 24 hours in 23 patients with painless diarrhoea and compared with a control group of 10 healthy subjects without digestive functional disorders. Diurnal fasting activity showed no significant difference in the total long spike bursts activity (LSB lasting greater than 7 seconds), but short spike bursts activity (SSB, lasting less than 7 seconds) was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in diarrhoeal patients. A striking difference was observed in colonic response to eating, with an increased number of migrating long spike bursts (MLSB: mass movements) during the first postprandial hour in diarrhoeal patients (p less than 0.001), while short spike bursts (segmental activity) were almost absent in the rectosigmoid area. A marked decrease in the retrograde LSB activity was also observed in eight patients. During the night (from 2200 h to 0600 h) the number of migrating long spike bursts was increased in the diarrhoea group, but almost absent in controls (p less than 0.001). This study shows that colonic motor activity was altered in painless diarrhoea. These disturbances were not limited to the decreased SSB activity in the sigmoid, but involved the whole colon, with lower SSB activity and abnormal increase of migrating long spike bursts activity (MLSB) in postprandial and nocturnal periods.
Role of a Natriuretic Factor in Essential Hypertension: An Hypothesis
Authors: MORDECAI P. BLAUSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Excessive dietary intake of sodium appears to play a significant role in human essential hypertension. The underlying mechanism may involve the excessive secretion of a humoral natriuretic factor in response to the salt load. Deproteinized plasma from patients with essential hypertension contains elevated levels of an ouabain-like inhibitor of dog kidney sodium plus potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase. This substance, by inhibiting renal sodium transport, should have a natriuretic effect. Plasma from hypertensive patients also produces an ouabain-like sensitization of vascular smooth muscle (rabbit aorta) to exogenous norepinephrine. These data suggest that a circulating inhibitor of the sodium pump may play a key role in generating increased peripheral vascular resistance. Cellular mechanisms that link sodium pump inhibition to increased vascular resistance involve increased norepinephrine release and reduced re-uptake and directly increased smooth muscle contractility and reactivity, as a result of increased cell sodium.
ENORMOUS MIXED TUMOR OF THE PAROTID REGIONREACHING TO THE CLAVICLE AND WEIGHING ABOUT SEVEN POUNDS; OPERATION; RECOVERY.
Authors: W. W. KEEN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>The Patient.</h3> —E. M. B., aged 65, was admitted to the Jefferson Medical College Hospital, Jan. 2, 1904, at the request of Dr. H. M. Righter. Height 5.7 feet, present weight 152 pounds weight in 1890, 250 pounds. <h3>History.</h3> —His father died at 49 of "dropsy of the brain"; his mother at 56 from pulmonary tuberculosis. One sister also died of the same disease and another after some gynecologic operation; one brother died from accident; one sister is living and well. Tuberculosis exists both in his father's and in his mother's families, but he does not know the precise individuals who have suffered from it. He is married and has five children, all of whom are living. He had varioloid when he was 22 years old. He has suffered from hemorrhoids and from neuralgia of the face. He was discharged from the Army in 1863 on account of "dropsy of the kidney."
Spontaneous Rupture of the Esophagus
Authors: Hooshang Bolooki
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Campbell and associates, in their article Spontaneous Rupture of the Esophagus (Boerhaave Syndrome) (235:526-528,1976), have clearly indicated the necessity of early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Because of the sporadic occurrence of this syndrome, it is not unusual to see a patient who has been treated for a number of days with a presumptive diagnosis of other intraabdominal or intrathoracic inflammatory processes. While misdiagnosis is seen at times, mistreatment (in spite of a correct diagnosis) rarely occurs. Correct diagnosis, therefore, should be followed by correct operative technical management of these patients.  The technique employed by Campbell and associates in the operative treatment of their patient (utilizing catgut to close the perforation) is inadequate and may lead to complications. Their patient developed an esophageal fistula and eventually required additional operations. This type complication occurs infrequently 1 but usually is preventable if the technique of closure is meticulous.
High-dose clarithromycin is an active monotherapy for patients with relapsed/refractory extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT): the HD-K phase II trial
Authors: A.J.M. Ferreri, M. Sassone, B. Kiesewetter, S. Govi, L. Scarfò, G. Donadoni, M. Raderer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
The Hurricane Katrina Aftermath and Its Impact on Diabetes Care: Observations from "ground zero": lessons in disaster preparedness of people with diabetes
Authors: W. T. Cefalu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Hurricane Katrina was one of the most powerful storms to ever hit the coastal U.S. and one of the most destructive natural disasters to hit the country. As brutal and destructive as the winds and storm surge were, it was the aftermath of this storm that wreaked the greatest havoc. Katrina will continue to have an impact on our daily lives, particularly for those of us who lived and continue to live in the area affected. Clearly the greatest destruction of property from this storm occurred in the New Orleans area, surrounding parishes, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast. However, in the aftermath of Katrina, Baton Rouge, the closest major city to the massive destruction and a major route for evacuation, served as the staging area for disaster relief for a number of agencies. In the days immediately after the hurricane, hundreds of thousands of evacuees flooded Baton Rouge, and in this sense, Baton Rouge became “ground zero” for the medical disaster relief effort and nongovernmental organizations. We summarize below our observations on this disaster and suggest that guidelines are needed for health care organizations, health care professionals, and people with chronic diseases like diabetes to have a “plan of action” for major disasters, natural and man made (including terrorist attacks and industrial accidents). Table 1 outlines a potential list of items needed by a person with diabetes for disaster preparedness.

The disruption of a normal routine was particularly difficult for those who had to deal with chronic diseases. Caring for a chronic disease, particularly one such as diabetes, demands significant attention on a daily basis. An individual with diabetes must be certain that supplies of insulin and/or other medications are up to date and available. Individuals must find time to monitor their glucose and, once the value is obtained, make …