tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pericardial Adipose Tissue, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Gianluca Iacobellis, Alexis Elias Malavazos
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

We read the article by Liu et al. (1) with great interest. The investigators carefully stated that because it is difficult to distinguish pericardial from epicardial fat with computed tomography (CT), they measured pericardial adipose tissue by the combination of pericardial fat and epicardial fat. While they recognized this important misclassification, we also noted that they not only technically but conceptually discussed pericardial and epicardial fat as identical to adipose tissue.

This appears to be incorrect and misleading. Epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue are clearly different anatomically, embriologically, physiologically, biomolecularly, and clinically (2,3). Epicardial adipose tissue is the fat located between …
Caribbean Sponge—Related Pseudomonas Folliculitis
Authors: Richard Scupham
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cutaneous infections caused by<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>in immunocompetent patients include otitis externa, green nail syndrome, toe web infections, eczematoid dermatitis, mastitis, and "hot tub" folliculitis.<sup>1</sup>Reported cases of folliculitis frequently occur in small epidemics related to contaminated hot tubs, whirlpools, water slides, swimming pools, and even depilation of legs in an unspecified manner.<sup>2-4</sup>Sporadic cases, especially in patients without these exposures, can present a diagnostic challenge. We report such a case in a patient who developed recurrent<i>Pseudomonas</i>folliculitis due to contaminated sponges used at home during showering. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 44-year-old woman was well until three years ago, when she began developing frequent, recurrent crops of tender, erythematous papules associated with fatigue and nausea at their onset. Lesions usually appeared on her arms, chest, lower part of the trunk, thighs, and between her knees and resolved spontaneously after five to seven days, leaving
TCT-189 Syntax Score-based Assessment For Identifying Priority Of Second Generation Drug Eluting Stent Among All Comer Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Masanori Shiba, Tadashi Araki, Yoshinori Nagashima, Kenji Yamazaki, Masahide Tokue, Kaoru Sugi, Masato Nakamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: Frank C. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1895)

methods of study.The personal opinions of vast numbers of good men on such a topic are open to so many sources of error as to be practically worthless.If this inquiry was made of the sixty thousand phy¬ sicians in this country, who have both practical and theoretical knowledge of alcohol and its effects, some facts of comparative value would be found.The question of personal opinions on this topic would seem to be a very primitive way of ascertain¬ ing facts.It is the conclusion of all students that the alcoholic problem is scientific, and one of exact study, not of morals or ethics, and all efforts on the social and moral side will only deepen the confusion and obscurity of the topic.The Medical Temper¬ ance Association is a movement on the line of exact
Response of Intracranial Metastases to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: It May All Depend on <i>EGFR</i> Mutations
Authors: Daniel B. Costa, Susumu Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

We read with great interest the case description by Fekrazad and colleagues 1 in the Journal.They describe a nonsmoking Native American woman with brain metastases from a lung adenocarcinoma who had a marked response to monotherapy with erlotinib at 150 mg/d.Although they do not provide these data, it is very likely that the patient had an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, based on her clinical characteristics and response to the oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erlotinib. 2 In the recently reported phase II trials of gefitinib 250 mg/d 3 and erlotinib 150 mg/d 4,5 for patients with the L858R and exon 19 deletion EGFR mutations, patients with CNS metastases were included.The overall response rate in these and other prospective trials of gefitinib and erlotinib exceed or equal 75% for all sites. [3]4][5][6] In both instances, it seems that patients with intracranial metastases also have a similar high level of tumor responses in their CNS. 3,4 The Spanish Lung Cancer Group 4,5 followed the CNS response of seven chemotherapynaı ¨vepatients with an EGFR mutation given erlotinib 150 mg/d (available as part of the 2006 ASCO Annual Meeting's slide presentation of their abstract 4 ).They reported four patients with a complete response and three with a partial response to this EGFR inhibitor: a 100% response rate of brain metastases.These results are astounding, and indicate that in a molecularly selected population with brain metastases, both gefitinib and erlotinib can achieve high response rates in a metastatic site that historically has not been sensitive to systemic chemotherapeutic agents used in non-small-cell lung cancer.Despite the striking efficacy of these EGFR inhibitors, secondary resistance is common and the brain may actually be the first site of loss of response to EGFR TKIs. 7 Others have speculated that over time the effective dose of gefitinib in the CNS may wean to levels that are subtherapeutic to inhibit EGFR mutations. 7 We look forward to mature results of prospective trials that evaluate the clinical benefit of EGFR TKIs in patients who have EGFR mutations with brain metastases.It is not inconceivable to think that in this patient population, oral TKIs may replace or supplement radiation therapy for management of brain metastases.
Abstract 5643: Enhancement of tumor radiosensitivity by sorafenib
Authors: Yong Bae Kim, Hei Cheul Jeung, Sun Young Rha, Hyun Cheol Chung, Gwi Eon Kim, Nam Hoon Cho
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Sorafenib, an orally available multikinase inhibitor, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and those with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there has been no data about synergistic interaction between sorafenib and radiation. In this study, we investigated the possible sorefenib-induced enhancement of radiosensitivity. Experimental Design: The effects of sorafenib on the in vitro radiosensitivity of DLD-1 and HT-29 (colon cancer) cell lines were evaluated using clonogenic assay. The impact of sorafenib on radiation-induced cell cycle kinetics and on apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry evaluated via propidium iodide and annexin V. ERK signaling were examined by Western blot analysis. DNA damage and repair were evaluated using phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX). Tumor growth delay was used to evaluate the effects of sorafenib on in vivo (DLD-1) tumor radiosensitivity. Results: Exposure of each cell line to sorafenib combined with irradiation resulted in an increase in radiosensitivity with dose enhancement factors at a surviving fraction of 0.25 ranging from 1.21 to 1.61. Sorafenib and radiation induced accumulation of tumor cells in G2-M phase, but had no effect on radiation-induced apoptosis. As a measure of DNA double strand breaks, γH2AX foci were determined as a function of time after irradiation + sorafenib combination. Irradiated-alone cells showed more rapid reduction of γH2AX foci than irradiation + sorafenib combination cells. Tumor xenograft studies confirm that administration of sorafenib results in profound tumor growth inhibition when combined with radiation. Conclusions: These results indicate that sorafenib can enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo and suggest that this effect involves G2-M phase arrest and an inhibition of DNA repair. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5643.
The bacteriology of obstructive pneumonitis. A prospective study using ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle aspiration.
Authors: Y S Liaw, P C Yang, Z G Wu, C J Yu, D B Chang, L N Lee, S H Kuo, K T Luh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Obstructive pneumonitis, the opacity that develops distal to an obstructing endobronchial lesion or external compression, is actually a combination of atelectasis, bronchiectasis with mucus plugging, and true parenchymal inflammation. In the majority of cases, it is usually not possible to determine whether infection is present or not from the radiographic findings alone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriology of obstructive pneumonitis and the influence of this result on the treatment of patients. From March 1992 to February 1993, 26 consecutive patients (20 men and six women) with obstructive pneumonitis were investigated. The obstructive pneumonitis had been caused by malignant tumors in 24 and benign lesions in two. Chest ultrasound (US) and US-guided percutaneous transthoracic aspirations were undergone to obtain specimens for microbiologic examination. Microorganisms were isolated from seven of nine febrile patients and two of 17 nonfebrile patients. A total of 16 bacterial strains are detected in obstructive pneumonitis (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, viridant streptococci, Bacteroides fragilis, two Peptostreptococcus species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Streptococcus sanguis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides thetaiotamomicrons, Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides species, Veillonella species, aerobic gram-positive bacilli, and Escherichia coli). In five cases the isolates were monobacteriae, and in the remaining four cases, cultures yielded more than one bacteria. The results of aspirate cultures led to changes in the initial antibiotic trial in seven of nine patients, and fever subsided thereafter. Pneumothorax occurred in one cases as the sole complication. The pathogen causing obstructive pneumonitis is very heterogeneous, and polymicrobial infection is common.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acebutolol, atenolol, and propranolol and metabolic responses to acute hypoglycaemia in diabetics.
Authors: S P Deacon, A Karunanayake, D Barnett
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In a double-blind crossover study the symptomatic and metabolic effects of propranolol, acebutolol, and atenolol were studied during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in diabetics treated with diet or hypoglycaemic tablets. All the drugs prevented tachycardia, but did not affect the other symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Propranolol delayed the recovery of the blood glucose concentration and impaired the secondary rise in the concentrations of blood lactate and non-esterified fatty acids in diet-treated diabetics. Acebutolol potentiated the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin in tablet-treated diabetics (mean difference of blood glucose concentration 0.7 mmol/l (12.6 mg/100 ml)) and this difference was maintained during the recovery phase4 the blood lactate response was also impaired. Atenolol did not differ perceptibly from placebo in its effect on the metabolic responses to acute hypoglycaemia. The results may be explained by differences in the known pharmacological actions of these drugs. They support the hypothesis that beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs that are highly beta1 specific and without membrane-stabilising activity should be safer than the non-selective drugs when used in diabetic patients at risk from hypoglycaemia.
Serum and Urinary Folate in Liver Disease
Authors: F. P. Retief, Y. J. Huskisson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

During the active phase of viral hepatitis urinary folate loss was found to be 8·0 to 48·3 (mean 31·1) μg./day, compared with a normal urinary folate excretion of 0·1 to 18·0 (mean 9·5) μg./day. In cirrhosis and cardiac failure with congestive hepatomegaly the corresponding values were 25·8 to 55·0 (mean 35·7) μg./day and 2·5 to 61·6 (mean 26·9) μg./day, respectively. Urinary folate loss may be a significant factor in the aetiology of folate deficiency of chronic liver disease, particularly when dietary intake is poor. After prolonged dialysis in Visking casing urinary folate was almost totally dialysable, but an appreciable fraction of serum folate was not, even after 72 hours. The dialysable (free) folate fraction of serum and urine disappeared maximally during the first six hours9 dialysis, and was virtually cleared after 24 hours9 dialysis; clearance curves in normal individuals and in liver disease were comparable. The non-dialysable serum folate fraction was of similar magnitude in all subjects studied, in spite of marked variation in total folate, and probably represented protein-bound folate.
An important pitfall in diagnosing gall bladder cancer
Authors: J Feisthammel
Journal: Gut (2004)

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an enema formulation of alicaforsen, an antisense inhibitor of intercellular adhesion molecule, after 1, 3, and 6 months.Methods: This was a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, escalating dose multicentre study in 40 patients with mild to moderately active distal ulcerative colitis (disease activity index (DAI) 4-10).Patients were assigned to four dosing cohorts of 10 patients each (eight active, two placebo).Each patient received 60 ml of alicaforsen enema (0.1, 0.5, 2, or 4 mg/ml or placebo) once daily for 28 consecutive days.Safety and efficacy (DAI and clinical activity index) scores were evaluated up to six months after initiation of dosing.Results: At day 29, alicaforsen enema resulted in dose dependent improvement in DAI (overall p = 0.003).Alicaforsen 4 mg/ml improved DAI by 70% compared with the placebo response of 28% (p = 0.004).Alicaforsen 2 and 4 mg/ml improved DAI status by 72% and 68% compared with a placebo response of 11.5% at month 3 (p = 0.016 and 0.021, respectively).Specifically, DAI improved from 5.6 to 1.6 and from 6.3 to 2.5 in the 2 and 4 mg/ml groups compared with placebo (7.5 to 6.1).None of the patients in the 4 mg/ml group compared with 4/8 placebo patients required additional medical or surgical intervention over baseline during the six month period after starting the enema treatment.The safety profile was favourable.Conclusions: Alicaforsen enema showed promising acute and long term benefit in patients with mild to moderate descending ulcerative colitis.Alicaforsen enemas had a favourable safety profile.These findings require verification in larger randomised controlled clinical trials.
No change of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin during anti-tumour necrosis factor antibody treatment with adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: P Harle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Leptin and adiponectin, two fat tissue hormones, are increased or tend to be increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1,2 They are likely to be stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF),3,4 and both were found to be increased in the synovial fluid of patients with RA.1,2 Thus, one would expect lowering of serum levels of these two hormones during anti-TNF antibody treatment.

As part of a recently published study with adalimumab (Abbott SpA, Campoverde di Aprilia, Italy),5 we included 32 white patients with RA (30 postmenopausal women, two men) fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA.6 The patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria of the adalimumab Research in Active RA study (ReAct). A total of 16 patients (15 female, one male) did not receive parallel or prior (6 months before) prednisolone treatment. The other 16 patients (15 female, one male) received …
THE SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors: Philip M. B. Boocock
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The call of medicine reaches some youngsters of very tender years. Frequently, a boy as young as 12 is already dedicated to medicine, and in his eyes no other calling has quite the same appeal. Throughout his secondary school he becomes a highly motivated student, for his goal of medicine lends great determination to his soul. He has reached his decision in the romantic period of his life. The aura of the hospital after an appendectomy, the kindliness of his doctor, the medical jargon—only half of which he understands—all have enthralled him. This lifetime decision seems to come but shortly after he has abandoned his ambition to be a cop on the beat or a fireman. This sequence seems to form so frequent a pattern in the development of a young "doctor-hopeful" that it could almost be called the standard pattern. In this way, the selection of the profession of
Abstract 860: The multi-targeted kinase inhibitor Sunitinib induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via PUMA
Authors: Jing Sun, Quanhong Sun, Matthew F. Brown, Crissy Dudgeon, Julie Chandler, Lin Zhang, Jian Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Key words: Sunitinib; PUMA; FoxO3a; Bcl-2 family; colon cancer Purpose: Sunitinib is a FDA approved multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor for treating solid tumors. Inhibition of angiogenesis, immune modulation and induction of apoptosis has been suggested to mediate the anti-tumor effects of sunitinib. However, its cell killing mechanisms are not well-understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms and significance of sunitinib-mediated apoptosis in its antitumor activities using colon cancer cells and xenografts. Experimental Design: The expression of various Bcl-2 family proteins, apoptosis and long-term growth in response to sunitinib were examined in colon cancer cells. The mechanism of PUMA induction and effects of PUMA deficiency, BH3 mimetics and 5-FU on sunitinib-induced apoptosis were investigated. The effects of PUMA deficiency in responses to sunitinib were determined in xenografts. Results: We found that consistent PUMA induction mediated by transcription factor FoxO3a plays an important role in the apoptosis induced by sunitinib. PUMA deficiency led to impaired apoptosis and caspase activation in colon cancer cells with either wildtype or mutant p53. Small molecule BH3 mimetics or elevated PUMA levels sensitized colon cancer cells to sunitinib-induced apoptosis. PUMA deficiency significantly blocked apoptosis and therapeutic responses to sunitinib in xenografts. Conclusions: Our results establish a critical role of PUMA in mediating sunitinib sensitivity in colon cancer cells and lack of apoptosis induction as a potential resistance mechanism. Our study suggests modulations of Bcl-2 family proteins as potential biomarkers, and combination of sunitinib with BH3 mimetics or chemotherapeutic agents might improve the treatment efficacy in colon cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 860. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-860
MRC trial of treating hypertension in older adults.
Authors: J. Tuomilehto
Journal: BMJ (1992)

the patients were lost to follow up.This would be unacceptable in any trial in acute myocardial infarction or heart failure, in which I have considerable experience; I cannot understand why a study in hypertension would be different.This loss of patients indicates that the investigators have had serious problems monitoring their patients.Furthermore, it is known that patients lost to follow up differ from patients who remain in trials.Secondly, the number of patient years during which patients received treatment as a proportion of the total number of patient years in the sub- groups was 69% in the diuretic group, 55% in the 3 blocker group, and 69% in the placebo group.Obviously, ifclose to 50% ofthe assigned treatment is not administered it will not be possible to observe any effect.Thirdly, the number of withdrawals from 6 blocker treatment in this single blind study is in contrast to the experience in the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension (STOP trial)2: 177 patients treated with I6 blockers in the Medical Research Council's trial were withdrawn because of bradycardia compared with none in the STOP trial (B Dahlof, personal communication).Fourthly, the power of the trial was calculated to study active treatment versus placebo.There is clearly insufficient power to permit conclusions regarding lack of effects between the treatment subgroups and placebo group-even more so considering my second point above.Wisely, the STOP trial did not present its subgroup results.None of these important flaws is discussed by the authors.I suggest that the trial should be discussed more in the context of pitfalls and flaws than in the context of treatment of hypertension.
Sodium Transport in the Toad Bladder: The Functional Organization of the Granular Cell: A Review
Authors: H. S. FRAZIER
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The isolated urinary bladder of the toad transports sodium actively across its epithelial layer and responds to the hormones vasopressin and aldosterone, properties which make it a useful model for the study of certain functions of the renal tubule. Sodium transport in the granular cells of the bladder is thought to involve first an energetically passive but selective entry step at the mucosal surface, the rate of which is increased after vasopressin administration. The second step in transport is considered to be active extrusion of the ion across the serosal boundary of the cell.  Recent evidence concerning the cellular pool of sodium and the site and mode of action of vasopressin suggests that this description is at best incomplete. No equally simple alternative hypothesis for the organization of sodium transport in this system is available at present.
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: Joseph E. Oesterling
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The glycoprotein, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), was first identified in seminal plasma in 1971, and early on was referred to as gamma-seminoprotein.<sup>1</sup>Eight years later when its specificity with prostatic tissue was demonstrated, it became known as prostate-specific antigen.<sup>2</sup>Today, PSA is the the most useful tumor marker available for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Indeed, the discovery of PSA represents one of the most significant advancements in the field of prostate cancer in recent times. See also pp 2191, 2215, and 2227. Currently, there is much interest in the medical community in improving our ability to detect prostate cancer before the lesion has escaped the confines of the prostate gland. This enthusiasm is based in part on the work by Jewett and associates,<sup>3</sup>who demonstrated that patients undergoing radical prostatectomy whose tumors are confined to the prostate have a survival comparable to that of age-matched
1001–23 Localized Intracoronary Delivery of Urokinase with the Channelled Balloon: Pharmacokinetics of Drug Delivery and Washout
Authors: Joseph F. Mitchel, Daniel B. Fram, Michael A. Azrin, Laurine Bow, Tod Alberghini, Adel M. Eldin, Michael Shwedick, David D. Waters, Raymond G. McKay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Amoxycillin, talampicillin, and ampicillin.
Authors: D A Leigh
Journal: BMJ (1976)

rather than the failure of the health authority or the district management team.The superin- tendent who speaks out on behalf of his hospital runs the risk of incurring the dis- pleasure and pique of authorities.If the post of superintendent is as incompatible with the new system and as redundant as is widely claimed it would appear reason- able, logical, and fair to give it an appropriate burial on a national basis with guidance from the DHSS on the recompense of those who, through no fault of their own, were appointed to such posts and now find themselves in an uncertain and embarrassing position.