tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
895 A PRO- AND ANTI-ONCOGENIC ROLE OF STAT3 IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PROGRESSION
Authors: D. Schneller, G. Machat, F. Van Zijl, G. Zulehner, V. Proell, H. Huber, M. Mair, S. Nijman, R. Eferl, R. Moriggl, W. Mikulits
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Ambulatory dialysis: special boon for children
Authors: Elaine Blume
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is helping young patients with kidney disease lead more normal lives, says Richard N. Fine, MD, head of the Division of Pediatric Nephrology at the UCLA Center for Health Sciences. Fine discussed the technique's pediatric use at a recent National Kidney Foundation meeting in Washington, DC. About 700 children develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States each year. Although Fine considers the optimal treatment for such youngsters to be a successful kidney transplant, a period of dialysis, sometimes quite lengthy, is usually needed until a donor organ becomes available or in the case of graft rejection (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1983;249:1416). In the past, children needing dialysis have usually received intermittent hemodialysis at medical centers. With this form of treatment, Fine noted, the necessary fluid and dietary restrictions may be onerous, as may the repeated needle punctures. Rehabilitation is limited by the considerable time
Skin barrier function and dermal inflammation. An experimental study of transepidermal water loss after dermal tuberculin injection compared with SLS patch testing
Authors: F. FINE OLIVARIOUS, T. AGNER, T. MENNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The reaction of the skin water barrier to dermal inflammation was studied in 15 healthy volunteers. Dermal inflammation was induced either by injection of tuberculin (Mantoux test) or by a 24‐h sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) patch test on the volar forearm. Measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was used for evaluation of the skin barrier function. Inflammation was quantified by assessment of blood flow by laser‐Doppler flowmetry. Measurement from uninvolved skin in the test region > 7 cm distant from the test sites served as control. Measurements were performed twice, separated by an interval of 6 days. Throughout the study. TEWL values were higher in the SLS test sites than in the Mantoux reactions, although the blood flow was significantly increased in Mantoux reactions compared with SLS test sites. This indicates that the impaired skin barrier function caused by SLS is due to a direct cytotoxic effect, and TEWL were significantly higher on the arm with the Mantoux test than the arm with SLS patch test. The significant inflammation caused by the Mantoux reaction may cause functional alterations in the clinically normal skin > 7 cm distant from the test area.
Increase in activated T cells and reduction in suppressor inducer T cells in systemic sclerosis.
Authors: R Gustafsson, T.H Tötterman, L Klareskog, R Hällgren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Blood lymphocytes from 37 patients with systemic sclerosis were characterised using monoclonal antibodies in a two colour flow cytometric (fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS)) analysis. The ratio of helper CD4+ to suppressor/cytotoxic CD8+ T cells was raised in patients compared with that in 30 healthy controls owing to decreased CD8+ cells. In the patients CD4+ and CD8+ cells displayed an increased expression of the activation marker HLA-DR. The relative number of CD11b+ CD8+ lymphocytes (suppressor T cells) was normal, but the calculated absolute counts of this cell type were slightly reduced. The proportions and absolute numbers of suppressor inducer T cells, defined as CD45R+ CD4+ cells, were on average only half the levels observed in controls. These findings were not related to the inflammatory activity as measured by acute phase plasma proteins or serum immunoglobulins. Activated T cells were seen at all stages of the sclerotic process and especially during the early stages of the disease and in patients who had suffered occupational exposure to silica dust. A high proportion of activated T cells was also linked with impaired small intestine function but not with the degree of skin or lung involvement. A loss of suppressor inducer T cells was more pronounced later in the disease and in patients with the CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud9s phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) syndrome. These data provide further evidence for an involvement of T cell mediated immunity in the perpetuation of systemic sclerosis.
18F-FDG PET/CT Mean SUV and Metabolic Tumor Volume for Mean Survival Time in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ercan Kurtipek, Mustafa Çayc, Nuri Düzgün, Hdr Esme, Yüksel Terzi, Süleyman Bakdk, Murat Serhat Aygün, Yaşar Unlü, Cengiz Burnik, Taha Tahir Bekci
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Objective The study was designed to determine the relationship between survival time of standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and examine the impact of demographic, clinical, and radiological data of these patients on survival. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of 79 patients with NSCLC who presented to our hospital between May 2010 and March 2013, received a final diagnosis, and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. Clinical, radiological, and 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters with an impact on prognosis such as the SUVmax of the primary tumor as calculated by the volumetric region of interest in the 18F-FDG PET/CT scans during initial diagnosis, mean SUV of the tumor, and MTV obtained with a threshold of SUVmax greater than 2.5 were recorded and statistically analyzed. A statistical analysis was carried out based on the clinical, radiological, and PET/CT findings of the patients who were divided into 2 groups: survivors and nonsurvivors. Results Seventy patients (88.6%) were men, and 9 (11.4%) were women. The mean age was 63.65 ± 11.51 years in the nonsurvivor group (n = 40) versus 62.74 ± 10.60 years in the survivor group (n = 39) (Table 1). The mean survival time from diagnosis was 7.9 ± 6.52 months in the nonsurvivor group versus 14.09 ± 7.41 months in the survivor group. The mean survival time was 12.9 ± 7.9 months for those aged 60 or younger, whereas it was 9.9 ± 7.2 years for those aged 60 or older. According to the Cox regression analysis, higher MTV [relative risk (RR), 1.006; P = 0.03] and mean SUVmax (mSUV) (RR, 1.302; P = 0.03) had a significant impact on shortening of the mean survival time. However, no statistical significance was reached for SUVmax measurements (RR, 0.970; P = 0.39). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between increased tumor size (<2 cm, 2-4 cm, and ≥4 cm) and shortened mean survival time (P = 0.03). Conclusion The present study showed that MTV and mSUV of FDG PET/CT scans of the tumor, but not SUVmax, had a significant impact on survival time of patients with NSCLC. Based on this result, we believe that we might have more accurate information about the survival time of our patients if we also evaluate mSUV and MTV in combination with mSUV, which is frequently used for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with NSCLC during our daily practice.
Pure Red Cell Anemia: Immunosuppressive Treatment
Authors: L. E. BÖTTIGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A 25-year-old man with a therapy-resistant pure red cell anemia was treated with azathioprine and went into a remission that lasted even after immunosuppression had been stopped. Electron microscopy indicated destruction of erythropoietic cells in the bone marrow. The possible relationship between hemolytic and aplastic conditions is discussed.
Inhibition of type I allergic responses with nanogram doses of replicon‐based DNA vaccines
Authors: S. Scheiblhofer, M. Gabler, W. W. Leitner, R. Bauer, T. Zoegg, F. Ferreira, J. Thalhamer, R. Weiss
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Allergic diseases have become a major public health problem in developed countries; yet, no reliable, safe and consistently effective treatment is available. DNA immunization has been shown to prevent and balance established allergic responses, however, the high dose of conventional DNA vaccines necessary for the induction of anti‐allergic reactions and their poor immunogenicity in primates require the development of new allergy DNA vaccines. We evaluated protective and therapeutic effects of a Semliki‐Forest Virus replicase‐based vs a conventional DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice using the model allergen β ‐galactosidase. Methods: Immunoglobulin (Ig)E suppression was determined by a basophil release assay as an in vitro correlate for allergen‐specific crosslinking capacity of IgE reflecting the in vivo situation in an allergic individual. Th1 memory responses were measured by cytokine detection via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme‐linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). Results: Nanogram amounts of a replicase‐based vector triggered a Th1 response comparable with that achieved with the injection of 20 000‐times more copies of a conventional DNA plasmid, and induced IgE suppression in both a protective and a therapeutic setting. Conclusions: Replicase‐based DNA vaccines fulfill the stringent criteria for an allergy DNA vaccine, i.e. low dose, strong Th1 immunogenicity and memory, lack of ‘therapy‐induced’ IgE production and anaphylactic side effects. Moreover, by triggering apoptosis in transfected cells, their unique ‘immunize and disappear’ feature minimizes the hypothetical risks of genomic integration or induction of autoimmunity.
Harness technology to produce real change
Authors: F. Rahman
Journal: BMJ (2015)

I am amazed by technology on a daily basis. On my daily commute I use my phone to check emails while at the same time listening to a podcast and monitoring train updates. I also record the number of steps I’ve taken during the entire commute to assess my level of activity. I am not alone: on the rare occasions I look up from my phone everybody else appears to be doing the same thing. 

Yet when I walk into a hospital the technological breakthroughs that are now part of our daily lives seem absent. Hospital computers are invariably slow, often with limited internet access and old versions …
Recombinant alpha‐interferon inhibits colony formation of bone marrow fibroblast progenitor cells (CFU‐F)
Authors: Jen C. Wang, Hong‐Dao Lang, Paul Liao, Albert Wong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Alpha‐Interferon (IFN‐α) has been shown to inhibit colony formation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, including colony‐forming unit‐granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage, megakaryocyte (CFU‐GEMM), day 7 colony‐forming unit granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM), day 14 CFU‐GM, burst‐forming unit erythroid (BFU‐E), pluripotent stem cells (CFU‐S), and colony‐forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU‐MK). The present study was designed to see whether IFN‐α also has inhibitory effects on bone marrow fibroblast progenitors (CFU‐F). We found that IFN‐α exerted a significant inhibitory effect on both rabbit and human CFU‐F formation. Inhibition of human marrow CFU‐F formation by alpha interferon was unaffected by removal of 98% of monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes from light density marrow cells. This finding suggests that IFN‐α probably exerts a direct inhibitory effects. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sclerosant extravasation following endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for bleeding gastric varices
Authors: K. Akimoto, M. Inamori, T. Akiyama, H. Endo, K. Fujita, M. Yoneda, H. Takahashi, A. Goto, Y. Abe, H. Kirikoshi, N. Kobayashi, K. Kubota, S. Saito, N. Ueno, A. Nakajima
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of vomiting blood, and an endoscopic examination revealed ruptured gastric varices ([Fig. 1]). Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy was carried out by injecting a total of 2 mL of sclerosant (a mixture of 1 mL of cyanoacrylate and the same amount of lipiodol) into the varices ([Fig. 2]), and endoscopic hemostasis was achieved ([Fig. 3]).
Health Workforce Planning and Medical Student Career Choice—Reply
Authors: Karen E. Hauer
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiologist admits research misconduct
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A £2m libel action brought against Channel 4 by a former consultant cardiologist at one of London's leading teaching hospitals collapsed last week after he admitted that errors in scientific papers coauthored by him appeared to be “more than an honest slip of the pen.”

Dr Peter Nixon, a consultant at Charing Cross Hospital until his retirement six years ago, withdrew his action and agreed to pay £765520 in costs to Channel 4, which he claimed had branded him a charlatan, unfit to practise medicine.

In a comprehensive climbdown, he also agreed to the disclosure of all documents in the case to the General Medical Council–unless he voluntarily retires from practice in the meantime–and not to take legal action if the allegations are repeated by Channel Four, the producer and journalist Duncan Campbell, or his production company.

Dr Nixon, who claimed that hyperventilation could cause a range of illnesses, including many heart attacks, Gulf War syndrome, post traumatic stress disorder and premenstrual tension, sued Channel Four, Mr Campbell, and his company Investigation and Production (TV) Limited over the programme “Preying …
Reply to XiaoJian Qin and DingWei Ye’s Letter to the Editor re: Jutta Engel, Patrick J. Bastian, Helmut Baur, et al. Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Lymph Node–Positive Patients with Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2010;57:754-61
Authors: Jutta Engel, Patrick J. Bastian, Dieter Hölzel
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Whose misconduct--doctors or the GMC?
Authors: P. T. Wilmshurst
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Yates and James believe that GMC findings accurately reflect misconduct by doctors.1 They are wrong. Much misconduct is not reported to the General Medical Council because of the profession’s code of silence, the failure to support whistleblowers, and concerns about libel.2 3 The GMC is also a source of bias. I found only seven cases in which the GMC reached a finding of serious professional misconduct …
Serevent nationwide surveillance study: comparison of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients who require regular bronchodilator treatment.
Authors: W Castle, R Fuller, J Hall, J Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To compare safety of salmeterol and salbutamol in treating asthma. DESIGN--Double blind, randomised clinical trial in parallel groups over 16 weeks. SETTING--General practices throughout the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS--25,180 patients with asthma considered to require regular treatment with bronchodilators who were recruited by their general practitioner (n = 3516). INTERVENTIONS--Salmeterol (Serevent) (50 micrograms twice daily) or salbutamol (200 micrograms four times a day) randomised in the ratio of two patients taking salmeterol to one taking salbutamol. All other drugs including prophylaxis against asthma were continued throughout the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--All serious events and reasons for withdrawals (medical and non-medical) whether or not they were considered to be related to the drugs. RESULTS--Fewer medical withdrawals due to asthma occurred in patients taking salmeterol than in those taking salbutamol (2.91% v 3.79%; chi 2 = 13.6, p = 0.0002). Mortality and admissions to hospital were as expected. There was a small but non-significant excess mortality in the group taking salmeterol and a significant excess of asthma events including deaths in patients with severe asthma on entry. Use of more than two canisters of bronchodilator a month was particularly associated with the occurrence of an adverse asthma event. CONCLUSIONS--Treatment over 16 weeks with either salmeterol or salbutamol was not associated with an incidence of deaths related to asthma in excess of that predicted. Overall control of asthma was better in patients allocated to salmeterol. Serious adverse events occurred in patients most at risk on entry and were probably due to the disease rather than treatment.
Cases of Labour complicated with Cancer of the Uterus
Authors: H. Oldham
Journal: BMJ (1851)

OF UTERUS.On the 17th of June 1847, Mrs. H., a poor woman, with a pale and anxious face, called at my house for advice.She was 33 years of age; had been married eight years, and was the mother of four children, whom she had carried well, and given birth to without difficulty or accident.She had suckled the last child for fourteen months; and, before weaning it, had again become pregnant, and was now seven months advanced in gestation.The principal symptom of which she complained, was a frequent coloured discharge, which first came on a month after she was pregnant, and had continued, with but short intermissions, to the present time.It was now brought on by any exertion, or by straining to relieve the bowels.Four days since she had had an attack of bleeding, which came on like a menstrual period, the discharge being of a vivid red colour.It lasted in this way for two days, and was succeeded by a profuse watery discharge of a faint, but not very offensive smell.CASE III.CANCER OF THE UTERUS AND VAGINA-DEATH OF FCETUS IN UTERO-EASY BIRTH-PERFORATION OF VAGINA.I saw Mrs. P-, a poor woman, 42 years of age, on the 26th July 1850.She had been married twenty-three years, and had had twelve children.She had been confined six weeks.When one month gone in her last pregnancy, she began to have watery discharges with bleeding, and suffered severe pain in the loins, hips, and legs, so that
Treat HIV quickly to prevent infection of spouse, study of heterosexuals shows
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Antiretroviral treatment of people infected with HIV dramatically reduces the risk that they transmit the infection to their spouse, indicate the early results of a large study of serodiscordant heterosexual couples conducted around the world.

Previous observational studies had strongly indicated that treatment would reduce the risk of transmission. The randomised controlled study, known as HPTN (HIV Prevention Trials Network) 052 and funded by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, was conducted in nine countries in Africa, Asia, and South America. It enrolled 1763 couples where 890 men and 873 women were HIV positive. They all had a CD4 T …
Toward Evidence-Based Management of Migraine
Authors: David B. Matchar
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of the creation of arteriovenous shunt for hemodialysis on cardiac function and natriuretic peptide levels in chronic renal failure
Authors: Yoshio Iwashima, Takeshi Horio, Yoichi Takami, Takashi Inenaga, Toshio Ogihara, Yuhei Kawano, Geriatric Medicine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled Vaccine Efficacy Trial of DNA/MVA ME-TRAP Against Malaria Infection in Gambian Adults
Authors: Vasee S Moorthy, Egeruan B Imoukhuede, Paul Milligan, Kalifa Bojang, Sheila Keating, Pauline Kaye, Margaret Pinder, Sarah C Gilbert, Gijs Walraven, Brian M Greenwood, Adrian S. V Hill
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2004)

Background Many malaria vaccines are currently in development, although very few have been evaluated for efficacy in the field. Plasmodium falciparum multiple epitope (ME)– thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) candidate vaccines are designed to potently induce effector T cells and so are a departure from earlier malaria vaccines evaluated in the field in terms of their mechanism of action. ME-TRAP vaccines encode a polyepitope string and the TRAP sporozoite antigen. Two vaccine vectors encoding ME-TRAP, plasmid DNA and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), when used sequentially in a prime-boost immunisation regime, induce high frequencies of effector T cells and partial protection, manifest as delay in time to parasitaemia, in a clinical challenge model. Methods and Findings A total of 372 Gambian men aged 15–45 y were randomised to receive either DNA ME-TRAP followed by MVA ME-TRAP or rabies vaccine (control). Of these men, 296 received three doses of vaccine timed to coincide with the beginning of the transmission season (141 in the DNA/MVA group and 155 in the rabies group) and were followed up. Volunteers were given sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine 2 wk before the final vaccination. Blood smears were collected weekly for 11 wk and whenever a volunteer developed symptoms compatible with malaria during the transmission season. The primary endpoint was time to first infection with asexual P. falciparum. Analysis was per protocol. DNA ME-TRAP and MVA ME-TRAP were safe and well-tolerated. Effector T cell responses to a non-vaccine strain of TRAP were 50-fold higher postvaccination in the malaria vaccine group than in the rabies vaccine group. Vaccine efficacy, adjusted for confounding factors, was 10.3% (95% confidence interval, −22% to +34%; p = 0.49). Incidence of malaria infection decreased with increasing age and was associated with ethnicity. Conclusions DNA/MVA heterologous prime-boost vaccination is safe and highly immunogenic for effector T cell induction in a malaria-endemic area. But despite having produced a substantial reduction in liver-stage parasites in challenge studies of non-immune volunteers, this first generation T cell–inducing vaccine was ineffective at reducing the natural infection rate in semi-immune African adults.