tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The relationship between stress and the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis and other skin conditions
Authors: M.S. AL'ABADIE, G.G. KENT, D.J. GAWKRODGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

The role of stressful life events in the progress of various skin conditions was studied retrospectively in patients who presented with either psoriasis (where there is some agreement about the importance of stress), urticaria, acne, alopecia and non-atopic eczema (where there is some uncertainty regarding the role of stress), or malignant melanoma, fungal infection, basal cell carcinoma and melanocytic naevi (where stress is considered less relevant). When patients in the three groups were matched for age, those with psoriasis were more likely to report that the experience of stress pre-dated the onset and exacerbations of their condition than patients with other skin diseases. For the psoriasis patients the most common types of life events were family upsets (such as bereavements), and work or school demands, but chronic difficulties were also common. There was no relationship between the severity of stress and time to onset or exacerbations. The results support the notion that stress is more likely to be associated with the onset of psoriasis than other conditions, but also that there may be considerable individual variation in the ability to cope, suggesting that psychological interventions may be helpful for particular patients.
The Know, Do, and Quality Gaps in International Maternal and Child Health Care Interventions
Authors: James M. Tielsch
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
What funders and others can do to help save clinical academic medicine
Authors: Jan Walmsley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

O ver the past six years the Health Foundation has made a substantial investment to support clinical academic medicine in the United Kingdom. As part of a review of this funding programme we recently undertook an extensive consultation exercise, meeting with 42 people representing major organisations in the field. The results of this consultation have proved invaluable in helping the Health Foundation shape its future contribution in this area and raise a number of questions about the future of clinical academic medicine.

What are the benefits of research? People working in clinical academic medicine agree that it needs to be saved. But is that as evident to other people? We need to articulate the benefits of clinical research to patients. Clinical trials on patients are vital to the translation of new research into clinical practice, but they are in decline. How can we better articulate the benefits of academic medicine to increase interest?

> The interests of commercial companies mean that research in vital areas is not pursued 

Who is the customer for academic medicine? …
Characterization and Quantification of Vortex Flow in the Human Left Ventricle by Contrast Echocardiography Using Vector Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Geu-Ru Hong, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Giovanni Tonti, Peng Li, Zhao Wei, Jin Kyung Kim, Abinav Baweja, Shizhen Liu, Namsik Chung, Helene Houle, Jagat Narula, Mani A. Vannan
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
Website of the week: Taking a history
Authors: R. Kale
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors always have a story to tell about how they made a brilliant diagnosis from the history alone. The patient is usually someone seen earlier by a rival doctor who failed to make the correct diagnosis, despite having all possible investigations to hand. It is usually an “I am so clever” story, but Matthew Bull (p 1339) has an honest and courageous story to tell. He recounts how he missed a diagnosis because he did not take the history properly.

History taking is an art one can never know enough about. So I set out to find a site that would teach me how to take a good medical history. One hour later I found nothing worth my while. www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/epc/docs/history.html was a long list and others alluded to history taking briefly or were about clinical examination (www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/bcs96/index.html, www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/bcs/index.html, www.clinicacayanga.f2s.com/History_PE.htm). The search terms “taking a history,” “history taking,” and “communication skills for doctors” all proved equally ineffective. When I tried “evidence based . . .” the list of sites dried up completely.

Information on history taking may be out there but it is not easy to find. For once the web is silent and the gurus of evidence based medicine virtually absent. It only helped to confirm a personal theory. History taking is an art, a performing art learned at the bedside watching a master artist in action, not from the web.

If readers know of any sites on taking a history that impressed you please do send a rapid response to bmj.com, and I will be grateful to you. If you find one on evidence based history taking I will provide evidence of my gratitude. But watch out, for it gets unusual out there in the information drought. You may come across http://mentalhealth.about.com/library/weekly/aa031201a.htm that talks about improving your communication with patients by learning to communicate with horses. It wouldn't surprise me if there was a site on how to milk a cow to improve your communication skills further (www.i'mwindingyouup.com). As for me, I'd rather learn from patients at the bedside. They teach you forever.
Reply to the article ‘Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and MALT-type ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL)’ by P. Arnaud, M.-C. Escande, M. Lecuit et al. (Ann Oncol doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl369)
Authors: A J M Ferreri, R Dolcetti, P Musto, G P Dognini, C Doglioni, M Ponzoni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Single-Dose Palifermin Prevents Severe Oral Mucositis During Multicycle Chemotherapy in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Saroj Vadhan-Raj
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Mucositis can be a serious complication of cancer treatment. Palifermin reduces mucositis when given in multiple doses to patients undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of palifermin given as a single dose before each cycle in patients receiving multicycle chemotherapy. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00267046) Setting: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Patients: 48 patients with sarcoma were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive palifermin or placebo. All patients received doxorubicin-based chemotherapy (90 mg per m2 of body surface area over 3 days, by infusion). Intervention: Palifermin (180 µg per kg of body weight) or placebo was administered intravenously as a single dose 3 days before each chemotherapy cycle (maximum, 6 cycles). Patients who had severe mucositis received open-label palifermin in subsequent cycles. Measurements: Oral assessment of mucositis by using World Health Organization (WHO) oral toxicity scale (grades 0 to 4), with moderate to severe mucositis (grades 2 to 4) as the main outcomes; patient-reported outcome questionnaire; and daily symptom record diary. Results: A median of 6 blinded cycles (range, 1 to 6) were completed by the palifermin group and 2 (range, 1 to 6) by the placebo group. Compared with placebo, palifermin reduced the cumulative incidence of moderate to severe (grade 2 or higher) mucositis (44% vs. 88%; P < 0.001; difference, −44 percentage points [95% CI, −71 to −16 percentage points) and severe (grade 3 or 4) mucositis (13% vs. 51%; P = 0.002; difference, −38 percentage points [CI, −67 to −9 percentage points]). The main adverse effects were thickening of oral mucosa (72% in the palifermin group vs. 31% in the placebo group; P = 0.007) and altered taste. Seven of the 8 patients who had severe mucositis in the placebo group received open-label palifermin. None of these patients had severe mucositis in the subsequent cycles (a total of 17) with open-label palifermin. Limitations: Study limitations include smaller sample size for the control group, inclusion of only patients with sarcoma, and perceived unblinding of the treatment because of notable differences between the biologic effects of palifermin and placebo. Conclusion: A single dose of palifermin before each cycle reduced the incidence and severity of mucositis. The drug was generally well tolerated, but most patients experienced thickening of oral mucosa. Further investigation is needed to determine whether palifermin use will facilitate greater adherence to chemotherapy regimens by reducing mucositis. Primary Funding Source: Amgen.
Screening for Hereditary Hemochromatosis in Siblings and Children of Affected Patients: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Hashem B. El-Serag, John M. Inadomi, Kris V. Kowdley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Screening for hereditary hemochromatosis is traditionally done by using serum iron studies. However, mutation analysis of the hemochromatosis-associated HFE gene has recently become available.To compare the cost-effectiveness of no screening with four screening strategies that incorporate HFE gene testing or serum iron studies.Cost-effectiveness analysis.Published literature.Siblings and children of an affected proband.Lifetime from 10 years of age (children) or 45 years of age (siblings).Societal.1) Serum iron studies. 2) Gene testing of the proband. If the proband is homozygous (C82Y+/+), the spouse undergoes gene testing; if he or she is heterozygous (C82Y+/-), the children undergo gene testing. 3) Gene testing of the proband; if he or she is homozygous, relatives undergo gene testing. 4) Direct gene testing of relatives.Cost per life-year saved and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.In children, HFE gene testing of the proband was the most cost-effective strategy for screening one child (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $508 per life-year saved). HFE gene testing of the proband followed by testing of the spouse was the most cost-effective strategy for screening two or more children (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $3665 per life-year saved). In siblings, all screening strategies were dominant compared with no screening. Strategies using HFE gene testing were less costly than serum iron studies.Despite varying the prevalence of mutations and regardless of the cost of the genetic test in one- and two-way sensitivity analyses, HFE gene testing remained cost-effective.HFE gene testing for the C282Y mutation is a cost-effective method of screening relatives of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis.
Methylation of the TERT promoter and risk stratification of childhood brain tumours: an integrative genomic and molecular study
Authors: Pedro Castelo-Branco, Sanaa Choufani, Stephen Mack, Denis Gallagher, Cindy Zhang, Tatiana Lipman, Nataliya Zhukova, Erin J Walker, Dianna Martin, Diana Merino, Jonathan D Wasserman, Cynthia Elizabeth, Noa Alon, Libo Zhang, Volker Hovestadt, Marcel Kool, David TW Jones, Gelareh Zadeh, Sidney Croul, Cynthia Hawkins, Johann Hitzler, Jean CY Wang, Sylvain Baruchel, Peter B Dirks, David Malkin, Stefan Pfister, Michael D Taylor, Rosanna Weksberg, Uri Tabori
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Systemic senile amyloidosis. Identification of a new prealbumin (transthyretin) variant in cardiac tissue: immunologic and biochemical similarity to one form of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.
Authors: P D Gorevic, F C Prelli, J Wright, M Pras, B Frangione
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Isolated amyloid fibrils from three cases of systemic senile amyloidosis (SSA) contained subunit proteins with molecular masses of 14 (10-20%), 10-12 (60-80%), and 5-6 kD (5-10%) when fractionated under reducing and dissociating conditions. This grouping was identical to that seen in SKO, a case of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) studied earlier. Amino acid sequencing confirmed that SSA subunit proteins were in fact prealbumin (transthyretin). Complete sequence analysis of one SSA preparation revealed the presence of a new variant Pa (TTr) molecule with a single amino acid substitution of isoleucine for valine at position 122. Further studies used an antiserum specific for SKO IV, a subunit protein of SKO previously shown to correspond to carboxy-terminal 78 residues (positions 49-127) of (TTr). Anti-SKO IV reacted with SSA in tissue at equivalent dilutions to anti-Pa (TTr) and with the 10-12-kD fraction of SSA on Western blots; reactivity was blocked by SKO IV, but not by Pa (TTr). SSA is a form of systemic amyloidosis caused by tissue deposition of Pa (TTr) and its fragments, with shared conformational or subunit antigenicity to at least one form of FAP. Identification of a new variant Pa (TTr) molecule in one case suggests further that SSA may be a genetically determined disease expressed late in life.
Inspiratory fall in systolic pressure in normal and asthmatic subjects.
Authors: M D Goldman, M Mathieu, J M Montely, R Goldberg, J M Fry, J L Bernard, R Sartene
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We used a noninvasive monitor of arterial pressure to determine whether respiratory changes in arterial pressure were closely correlated with airflow obstruction in asthmatic patients during bronchial challenge with methacholine. To validate the noninvasive measurement of respiratory changes in arterial pressure, a preliminary study in 6 subjects with normal cardiovascular and respiratory systems was done during cardiac catheterization for suspected coronary artery disease. There were no significant differences between inspiratory falls in systolic pressure measured noninvasively and those measured from intraaortic pressure. In 11 otherwise healthy asthmatic patients we measured finger arterial pressure, end-expiratory lung volume (FRC), and forced expired volume (FEV1) during baseline and bronchial challenge in the supine posture. Finger arterial pressure was also measured in 11 normal control subjects seated and supine. Normal subjects had an inspiratory fall in systolic pressure (IFSP) of 3.2 mm Hg supine and 5.1 mm Hg seated (p < 0.01). Asthmatic patients when bronchodilated (seated FEV1 = 83 +/- 7% of predicted) had an IFSP of 5.9 mm Hg supine (p < 0.01 compared with supine normal subjects). During bronchial challenge (average fall in FEV1 = 22%), IFSP increased to 16.1 mm Hg (p < 0.001 compared with baseline). In asthmatic subjects, there was a significant correlation between IFSP and FEV1 (mean r = -0.92 +/- 0.05, p < 0.01), and the average change in IFSP/change in FEV1 was -0.38 mm Hg per percentage change in FEV1. During subsequent bronchodilation, IFSP decreased with a similar time course as relaxation of airway smooth muscle, assessed by the breath-to-breath fall in FRC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An aetiological study on spondylolysis from a biomechanical aspect.
Authors: N. Ichikawa, Y. Ohara, T. Morishita, Y. Taniguichi, A. Koshikawa, N. Matsukura
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

The authors report clinical studies on lumbar disorders (clinical symptoms, X-ray findings) in athletes in various sports. The sport items were divided into three groups according to the main dynamic load applied to the lumbar region. As a result, over 60% of the athletes suffered from "lumbago", and among them spondylolysis reached the high rate of 27%. Arising from these clinical observations, we performed biomechanical laboratory analyses on human cadaver material, axial compression and rotational bending. Our results suggest that the incidence of spondylolysis depends upon the extent and direction of the loads.
Two-dimensional echocardiography in experimental coronary stenosis. I. Sensitivity and specificity in detecting transient myocardial dyskinesis: comparison with sonomicrometers.
Authors: N G Pandian, R E Kerber
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of two-dimensional echocardiography in detecting ischemia-induced transient myocardial dyskinesis. We prepared an open-chest dog model of severe coronary stenosis (90% reduction of circumflex coronary artery diameter) and induced ischemia by acutely raising myocardial oxygen requirements with i.v. isoproterenol and acute aortic constriction. The changes observed with echocardiography were compared with those obtained by intramyocardial sonomicrometers placed side by side or in an endocardial-epicardial orientation. Ischemia was defined as systolic wall expansion or thinning on sonomicrometers and two-dimensional echocardiography. We found complete agreement between sonomicrometers and two-dimensional echocardiography in all control tracings and after ischemia was induced; whenever dyskinesis occurred it was seen by both techniques. Although there was qualitative agreement between echocardiographic and sonomicrometric techniques, there were quantitative differences in the assessment of wall thickening. Such differences may be related to malalignment of the sonomicrometers, echocardiographic resolution limitations or other technical factors. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography is a sensitive and specific technique for detecting transient myocardial ischemia, and therefore should be useful for demonstrating exercise-induced ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.
Once-daily topical brimonidine tartrate gel 0·5% is a novel treatment for moderate to severe facial erythema of rosacea: results of two multicentre, randomized and vehicle-controlled studies
Authors: J. Fowler, M. Jarratt, A. Moore, K. Meadows, A. Pollack, M. Steinhoff, Y. Liu, M. Leoni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Background Erythema of rosacea is thought to result from abnormal cutaneous vasomotor activity. Brimonidine tartrate (BT) is a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist with vasoconstrictive activity. Objective To determine the optimal concentration and dose regimen of topical BT gel for the treatment of erythema of rosacea and to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Methods In study A, 122 subjects were randomized to receive a single application of BT 0·07%, 0·18%, 0·5% or vehicle. In study B (4-week treatment and 4-week follow-up), 269 subjects were randomized to receive BT 0·5% once daily, BT 0·18% once daily, vehicle once daily, BT 0·18% twice daily or vehicle twice daily. Evaluations included Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA), Patient's Self-Assessment (PSA), Chroma Meter measurements and adverse events. Results In study A, a single application of topical BT gel reduced facial erythema in a dose-dependent fashion. A significant difference between BT 0·5% and vehicle in Chroma Meter redness value was observed from 30 min to 12 h after application. In study B, BT 0·5% once daily had a statistically superior success profile (defined as a two-grade improvement on both CEA and PSA over 12 h) compared with vehicle once daily on days 1, 15 and 29 (all P < 0·001). No tachyphylaxis, rebound of erythema or aggravation of other disease signs (telangiectasia, inflammatory lesions) was observed. All regimens were safe and well tolerated with similarly low incidence of adverse events. Conclusions Once-daily BT gel 0·5% is well tolerated and provides significantly greater efficacy than vehicle gel for the treatment of moderate to severe erythema of rosacea.
Remote Control of Neuronal Signaling
Authors: Sarah C. Rogan, Bryan L. Roth
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2011)

A significant challenge for neuroscientists is to determine how both electrical and chemical signals affect the activity of cells and circuits and how the nervous system subsequently translates that activity into behavior. Remote, bidirectional manipulation of those signals with high spatiotemporal precision is an ideal approach to addressing that challenge. Neuroscientists have recently developed a diverse set of tools that permit such experimental manipulation with varying degrees of spatial, temporal, and directional control. These tools use light, peptides, and small molecules to primarily activate ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that in turn activate or inhibit neuronal firing. By monitoring the electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral effects of such activation/inhibition, researchers can better understand the links between brain activity and behavior. Here, we review the tools that are available for this type of experimentation. We describe the development of the tools and highlight exciting in vivo data. We focus primarily on designer GPCRs (receptors activated solely by synthetic ligands, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) and microbial opsins (e.g., channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, <i>Volvox carteri</i> channelrhodopsin) but also describe other novel techniques that use orthogonal receptors, caged ligands, allosteric modulators, and other approaches. These tools differ in the direction of their effect (activation/inhibition, hyperpolarization/depolarization), their onset and offset kinetics (milliseconds/minutes/hours), the degree of spatial resolution they afford, and their invasiveness. Although none of these tools is perfect, each has advantages and disadvantages, which we describe, and they are all still works in progress. We conclude with suggestions for improving upon the existing tools.
Identification of a Polymorphic Gene, BCL2A1, Encoding Two Novel Hematopoietic Lineage-specific Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
Authors: Yoshiki Akatsuka, Tetsuya Nishida, Eisei Kondo, Mikinori Miyazaki, Hirohumi Taji, Hiroatsu Iida, Kunio Tsujimura, Makoto Yazaki, Tomoki Naoe, Yasuo Morishima, Yoshihisa Kodera, Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Toshitada Takahashi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

We report the identification of two novel minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs), encoded by two separate single nucleotide polymorphisms on a single gene, BCL2A1, and restricted by human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*2402 (the most common HLA-A allele in Japanese) and B*4403, respectively. Two cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for these mHAgs were first isolated from two distinct recipients after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Both clones lyse only normal and malignant cells within the hematopoietic lineage. To localize the gene encoding the mHAgs, two-point linkage analysis was performed on the CTL lytic patterns of restricting HLA-transfected B lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain. Both CTL clones showed a completely identical lytic pattern for 4 pedigrees and the gene was localized within a 3.6-cM interval of 15q24.3–25.1 region that encodes at least 46 genes. Of those, only BCL2A1 has been reported to be expressed in hematopoietic cells and possess three nonsynonymous nucleotide changes. Minigene transfection and epitope reconstitution assays with synthetic peptides identified both HLA-A*2402– and B*4403-restricted mHAg epitopes to be encoded by distinct polymorphisms within BCL2A1.