tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Iodine Intake on Thyroid Diseases in China
Authors: Weiping Teng, Zhongyan Shan, Xiaochun Teng, Haixia Guan, Yushu Li, Di Teng, Ying Jin, Xiaohui Yu, Chenling Fan, Wei Chong, Fan Yang, Hong Dai, Yang Yu, Jia Li, Yanyan Chen, Dong Zhao, Xiaoguang Shi, Fengnan Hu, Jinyuan Mao, Xiaolan Gu, Rong Yang, Yajie Tong, Weibo Wang, Tianshu Gao, Chenyang Li
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones; either low or high intake may lead to thyroid disease. We observed an increase in the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis with increasing iodine intake in China in cohorts from three regions with different levels of iodine intake: mildly deficient (median urinary iodine excretion, 84 microg per liter), more than adequate (median, 243 microg per liter), and excessive (median, 651 microg per liter). Participants enrolled in a baseline study in 1999, and during the five-year follow-up through 2004, we examined the effect of regional differences in iodine intake on the incidence of thyroid disease.Of the 3761 unselected subjects who were enrolled at baseline, 3018 (80.2 percent) participated in this follow-up study. Levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies in serum, and iodine in urine, were measured and B-mode ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed at baseline and follow-up.Among subjects with mildly deficient iodine intake, those with more than adequate intake, and those with excessive intake, the cumulative incidence of overt hypothyroidism was 0.2 percent, 0.5 percent, and 0.3 percent, respectively; that of subclinical hypothyroidism, 0.2 percent, 2.6 percent, and 2.9 percent, respectively; and that of autoimmune thyroiditis, 0.2 percent, 1.0 percent, and 1.3 percent, respectively. Among subjects with euthyroidism and antithyroid antibodies at baseline, the five-year incidence of elevated serum thyrotropin levels was greater among those with more than adequate or excessive iodine intake than among those with mildly deficient iodine intake. A baseline serum thyrotropin level of 1.0 to 1.9 mIU per liter was associated with the lowest subsequent incidence of abnormal thyroid function.More than adequate or excessive iodine intake may lead to hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis.
The Laryngeal Complications of Consumption
Authors: J. M. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1882)

THE BRITISh MEDICAL 7OURNAL.Sy ng is unsccessful in making the fluid return by the opposite nostril."On February 2st, a large mass of adenoid growths was removed with a single grasp of Catti's forceps; and on the 28th, part of the left posterior nans was visible by posterior rhinoseopy.Repeated appli- cations of the forceps (altogether seven), and the use of the galvano- cautery (five applications of Voltolini's galvano-caustic gauge), were so successful in clearing the cavity, that on April gth it was noted that the patient could sit with her mouth shut; and finally, a few small vegetations on the posterior pharyngeal wall were all that could be de- tected with the finger.
Nova et Vetera
Authors: C. J. S. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1929)

AMONG tlho relics of historical interest in the Museum-of the Royal College of Surgeois are twohanids, said to he thoso of Thomas Beaufort, thethiird son of Joliin of Gaunt, Duko of Lanicaster, who dieA in 1427.The stralngestOIy ofhIow they were discovered and came to be preser ved 'I the Museum is one of more than ordinary interest.Thomas Beaufort was the tliird son of John of Gaunit by lhis third wife, Lady Catlher ine Swynford.He won faml e as a soldier and also held' distiiiguished offices undel the Crown during the fifteentlh century.He washalf-brothler to Henry IV, and was created Earl of Dorset, Duke ofExeter, anid Knight of the Garter.Ini 1407 he was mliade captain of Calais, and slhortly after was appoiiited admiral of the northern and westelrn seas-
Orientia, rickettsia, and leptospira pathogens as causes of CNS infections in Laos: a prospective study
Authors: Sabine Dittrich, Sayaphet Rattanavong, Sue J Lee, Phonepasith Panyanivong, Scott B Craig, Suhella M Tulsiani, Stuart D Blacksell, David A B Dance, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Amphone Sengduangphachanh, Phonelavanh Phoumin, Daniel H Paris, Paul N Newton
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

Scrub typhus (caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi), murine typhus (caused by Rickettsia typhi), and leptospirosis are common causes of febrile illness in Asia; meningitis and meningoencephalitis are severe complications. However, scarce data exist for the burden of these pathogens in patients with CNS disease in endemic countries. Laos is representative of vast economically poor rural areas in Asia with little medical information to guide public health policy. We assessed whether these pathogens are important causes of CNS infections in Laos.Between Jan 10, 2003, and Nov 25, 2011, we enrolled 1112 consecutive patients of all ages admitted with CNS symptoms or signs requiring a lumbar puncture at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos. Microbiological examinations (culture, PCR, and serology) targeted so-called conventional bacterial infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, S suis) and O tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi/Rickettsia spp, and Leptospira spp infections in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We analysed and compared causes and clinical and CSF characteristics between patient groups.1051 (95%) of 1112 patients who presented had CSF available for analysis, of whom 254 (24%) had a CNS infection attributable to a bacterial or fungal pathogen. 90 (35%) of these 254 infections were caused by O tsutsugamushi, R typhi/Rickettsia spp, or Leptospira spp. These pathogens were significantly more frequent than conventional bacterial infections (90/1051 [9%] vs 42/1051 [4%]; p<0·0001) by use of conservative diagnostic definitions. CNS infections had a high mortality (236/876 [27%]), with 18% (13/71) for R typhi/Rickettsia spp, O tsutsugamushi, and Leptospira spp combined, and 33% (13/39) for conventional bacterial infections (p=0·076).Our data suggest that R typhi/Rickettsia spp, O tsutsugamushi, and Leptospira spp infections are important causes of CNS infections in Laos. Antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, needed for the treatment of murine typhus and scrub typhus, are not routinely advised for empirical treatment of CNS infections. These severely neglected infections represent a potentially large proportion of treatable CNS disease burden across vast endemic areas and need more attention.Wellcome Trust UK.
A Case of Oesophageal Cancer Limited to the Mucosa and Submucosa
Authors: G. Miller, W. Maurer, M. Savary, P. Monnier, F. Gloor
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

The authors report a case of an oesophageal cancer limited to the mucosa and the submucosa. This case is interesting because of its long history for more than 18 months, the difficulty of fiberoptic diagnosis and the diagnostic value of rigid instruments completed via vital staining by o-toluidine.
Untangling Causation Issues in Law and Medicine: Hazardous Substance Litigation
Authors: TROYEN A. BRENNAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Judges and juries are increasingly being asked to settle questions about disease caused by hazardous products. With the growth of litigation on toxic substances and unsafe products, more and more courts must wrestle with the complicated scientific proof of the relation between exposure and disease or injury. This proof frequently involves the use of probabilistic evidence in the form of statistical tests and epidemiologic studies. Anglo-American law relies on deductive notions of causation and is suspicious of probabilistic evidence of causation. As a result, court decisions of hazardous substance cases are sometimes based on a confused understanding of the critical causal connection. Physicians who testify in such cases, either as the treating doctor or as expert witnesses, must be aware of the court's difficulty with probabilistic evidence. In addition, physicians must state clearly the role of such evidence in the identification of a hazardous substance as the cause of a disease or injury.
Intermediate filaments in synovial lining cells in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides are of vimentin type.
Authors: O A Osung, M Chandra, E J Holborow
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Cryostat section of synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthrosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and from a normal knee were studied by indirect immunofluorescence with guinea-pig antibodies to the intermediate filament proteins prekeratin, vimentin, and desmin. Staining for vimentin, but absence of prekeratin and desmin, was demonstrated in synovial lining cells. Antivimentin antibody also stained synovial tissue fibroblasts and vascular endothelial lining cells. The intensity of fluorescent staining for vimentin broadly correlated with cellular proliferative activity at these 3 sites.
An exploratory <sup>1</sup> H‐nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics study reveals altered urine spectral profiles in infants with atopic dermatitis
Authors: M. Assfalg, E. Bortoletti, M. D’Onofrio, R. Pigozzi, H. Molinari, A.L. Boner, D.G. Peroni, G.L. Piacentini
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Funding sources: we acknowledge financial support by the University of Verona and Bruker Biospin Srl (Joint Research Project 2007), and by Fondazione Cariverona (young investigator grant 2007). Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children. The prevalence of diagnosed AD in a population of preschool children has been observed to be above 15%,1 therefore representing a major health impact in paediatrics. The pathogenesis of AD is only partially known,2 and little information is available about potential biomarkers. These facts make an easy and noninvasive test for evaluation of infant AD greatly desired by healthcare workers and parents. Metabolomics provides a new approach and opportunity to explore the metabolic effects of many conditions in individuals,3, 4 and recent evidence has demonstrated that it can be usefully employed in the characterization of airway biochemical fingerprints in children with allergic asthma.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of biofluids contain signals from hundreds of metabolites. Chemometric approaches, such as principal component analysis (PCA) or cluster analyses, can be used to map the spectra in multivariate space where each sample occupies a position based on its metabolite composition.
New BMA campaign calls on politicians to stop using NHS to score points
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The BMA has launched a major new public campaign ahead of May’s UK general election that is calling on politicians to stop using the NHS to score points.

The “No More Games” campaign (https://nomoregames.org.uk) is appealing to patients and doctors to support calls for an open and honest public debate about the public’s health, the funding of the NHS, and who provides care services. The BMA launched the campaign after a survey by the polling company Ipsos MORI showed that 77% of the public …
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in plasma— relation to left ventricular function and geometry: The Framingham heart study
Authors: Johan Sundstrom, Emelia J. Benjamin, Jane Evans, Daniel Levy, Martin Larson, Douglas Sawyer, Deborah Siwik, Wilson Colucci, Peter W. Wilson, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Exercise Training Reduces Neointimal Growth and Stabilizes Vascular Lesions Developing After Injury in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Marianne Pynn, Katrin Schäfer, Stavros Konstantinides, Martin Halle
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Population-based studies have shown that exercise reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, it is unknown whether these effects are solely a result of risk factor modification or whether exercise directly affects the homeostasis of the vessel wall.We subjected 19-week-old apolipoprotein E (apoE)-knockout mice (apoE(-/-); n=25) to a 6-week training program on a motorized treadmill. The control group consisted of 17 sedentary mice. After 3 weeks in the program, training and sedentary mice underwent carotid artery injury with ferric chloride. Training was then resumed for another 3 weeks. Exercise did not change body weight or lipid levels in apoE(-/-) mice but resulted in upregulated expression of nitric oxide synthase in the endothelium. Physical training did not significantly affect the thrombotic response to injury. However, morphometric analysis of vessels harvested 3 weeks after injury showed that neointima formation was reduced in the exercising group. This resulted in a lower intima/media ratio (0.29+/-0.03 versus 0.41+/-0.03 in sedentary mice; P=0.008) and less luminal stenosis (21+/-2.7% versus 33+/-2.3%; P=0.003). Importantly, exercise reduced the number of Mac-3-positive, oxidized LDL-containing macrophages in the vessel wall while increasing the content in collagen fibers (14.1+/-0.9% versus 4.8+/-0.8%; P<0.001). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue factor, and fibrinogen were all significantly reduced in the lesions of trained mice.In the apoE(-/-) mouse, exercise training reduces neointimal growth and stabilizes vascular lesions after injury. These effects appear to be at least partly independent of changes in lipid levels or the initial thrombotic response to injury.
Lesson of the week: Importance of distinguishing between cellulitis and varicose eczema of the leg
Authors: C M Quartey-Papafio
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Differentiating varicose (gravitational) eczema and cellulitis can help reduce morbidity and the costs of hospital stay and antibiotics

Dermatologists often see patients with gravitational (varicose) eczema that has been treated unsuccessfully as cellulitis of the leg on medical or surgical wards. It is important to recognise the difference between these two conditions early. This should reduce morbidity and costs, in terms of the length of stay in hospital and the use of expensive intravenous antibiotics for a condition that is not life threatening and can be cleared with topical steroids in a few days. I document two such cases.

### Case 1

An overweight 47 year old woman was admitted to a medical ward. Her right leg had been swollen for four days and was covered with tiny blisters. Her general practitioner had noted that the leg did not look like a “simple cellulitis.” Physical examination showed that the patient's temperature was 37°C and that her right leg was swollen and inflamed and covered in tiny blisters. Other findings were normal. A diagnosis of cellulitis of the right leg was made. Swabs from …
Aortic Dissection Detected on Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Ruoh-Fang Yen, Mei-Hsiu Pan, Ya-Chin Tsai, Yen-Wen Wu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

An 81-year-old man was hospitalized as a result of a urinary tract infection. Three-phase bone scintigraphy was performed because of intermittent shoulder soreness. Immediately after the intravenous bolus injection of 740 MBq (20 mCi) Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate, the sequential 4-second anterior images, 16 in total, revealed tubular tracer accumulation over the anterior left mediastinal region. Nevertheless, no bone abnormality was found on delayed bone scintigraphy. Therefore, the authors presumed that the tubular tracer accumulation was an aortic dissection. Chest computed tomography performed the following day confirmed that the patient did have an aortic dissection from the arch to the descending aorta.
Compounds Isolated from Qu Mai (Dianthus superbus) Inhibit IgE Secretion by Human B Cells
Authors: W. Slotkin, I. Lopez Exposito, A. Castillo, M. Mishoe, N. Yang, B.H. Liang, X.M. Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)

RATIONALE: In a recent screening of 70 anti-inflammatory herbs used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qu Mai (Dianthus superbus) was found to be the most effective herb in reducing IgE secretion by a human B cell line. Furthermore, preliminary in vivo studies have shown the ability of Qu Mai to reduce the symptoms of anaphylactic shock in peanut-sensitized mice. The objective of this study was to identify compounds in Qu Mai responsible for inhibition of IgE synthesis. METHODS: An aqueous extract of the medicinal herb Qu Mai was fractionated with respect to polarity, acidic versus basic properties, and organic properties. The non-polar F1 (neutral), F3 (basic), and F5 (acidic) fractions were tested as well as the slightly polar F2 (neutral), F4 (basic), and F6 (acidic) fractions. Human myeloma cells were cultured at 2x105 cells/mL for 6 days. The fractions were added on day 0 at concentrations of 20 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. IgE production in the supernatants was quantified via Immunocap. RESULTS: The Qu Mai organic fractions F5 (lipophilic organic acids) and F6 (intermediate lipophilic organic acids), markedly suppressed IgE production, at the concentration of 20μg/mL F5 and F6 resulted in 97.5% and 98.29% of inhibition respectively. However, the F1, F2, F3 fractions were not as potent as F5 or F6. F4 had no significant effect on IgE production. CONCLUSIONS: Qu Mai organic acidic fractions F5 and F6 contain the compounds with the most potent anti-IgE effects. Therefore, these fractions will be the target of further investigation of the anti-IgE property of Qu Mai.
Differences between men and women in age preferences for a same-sex partner
Authors: Ray Over, Gabriel Phillips
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

We show through analysis of personal advertisements that age preferences for a homosexual or lesbian partner are similar to differences found between men and women in age preferences for a opposite-sex partner. Such data call into question the claim by Kenrick &amp; Keefe (1992) that the sex differences in age selectivity in mate selection are governed by reproductive strategies.
Sialometry and sialochemistry: a non-invasive approach for diagnosing Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: W W I Kalk, A Vissink, B Stegenga, H Bootsma, A V Nieuw Amerongen, C G M Kallenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Analysis of salivary variables has frequently been proposed as a diagnostic tool for Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Because univocal salivary reference values are lacking, it is currently rather difficult to use sialometry and sialochemistry for diagnosing SS unless major changes have occurred in salivary secretion and composition.To define reference values of several salivary variables, which offer a possible new and non-invasive means of diagnosing SS.Cut off points were selected from receiver operating characteristic curves of gland-specific sialometrical and sialochemical variables, which have proved to be potentially relevant for diagnosing SS in a previous study-that is, sodium, chloride, and phosphate concentration in stimulated parotid and submandibular/sublingual (SM/SL) saliva, unstimulated and stimulated SM/SL flow rates, and lag phase of parotid secretion, respectively. By combining the most discriminating variables, two different diagnostic approaches for SS were applied in a group of 100 patients and subsequently evaluated in a second group of 20 patients. The first approach was to combine variables by applying their cut off points into sets of criteria for a positive diagnosis of SS. The second approach was to construct a logistic regression model that predicts the true state of a patient (SS or non-SS). From both approaches, the tests with highest likelihood ratio combined with the smallest number of rejected cases were selected for clinical use.The most accurate test combined the stimulated SM/SL flow rate and parotid sodium and chloride concentration as salivary variables for diagnosing SS; it had a sensitivity of 0.85 and a specificity of 0.96. The selected tests proved equally accurate in the second group of patients.Because the proposed non-invasive diagnostic tools can be easily applied, do not need a laboratory other than for routine blood testing, and are very accurate, gland-specific sialometry and sialochemistry may eventually replace other, more invasive, diagnostic techniques for diagnosing SS.
Cerebral Infarct after Aneurysm Clipping Complementary Role of Computed Tomography and Functional Brain Scan
Authors: JAMES H. TIMMONS, JAMES D. HEIRONIMUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Functional and anatomic brain images may be complementary in the postoperative patient. A 70-year-old woman who underwent aneurysm clipping remained comatose on the 7th day. After cerebral edema and intracranial hemorrhage were excluded by computed tomography, an I-123 IMP (N-isopropyl iodoamphetamine) SPECT brain scan was obtained. This demonstrated a small area of decreased flow or function in the right parietaltemporal region, which accounted for the delayed recovery of consciousness. The finding is consistent with a small stroke or with ischemia due to vessel spasm resulting from the initial subarachnoid hemorrhage. The small size of this lesion favored eventual recovery. The patient recovered consciousness on the 12th post-operative day and subsequently recovered fully except for a right third cranial nerve palsy.
Anti-SL-Ki antibody in a patient with fatal connective tissue overlap disease
Authors: AURORA PARODI, ANNA NIGRO, A. REBORA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

A patient with photosensitivity is described who presented with an overlap syndrome combining features of systemic lupus erythematosus with a mild polymyositis and scleroderma and with symptoms of the sicca syndrome. In addition, he was anti-SSA/Ro positive and had a constellation of antibodies directed to ENA including the anti-SL-Ki antibody. The condition was fatal and he died from heart failure and respiratory insufficiency.
RELATIONSHIP OF GERMINAL CENTERS IN LYMPHOID TISSUE TO IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY
Authors: J. D. Wakefield, G. J. Thorbecke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The fate, proliferation, and developmental potentialities of cell suspensions made from white pulp containing large germinal centers have been studied in the mouse by transfer of cells labeled with thymidine-(3)H to lethally irradiated, syngeneic recipients. Radioautographic analyses were made using both smears and sections of a variety of tissues. Thymidine-(3)H-labeling patterns of white pulp showed that, initially, labeling occurred in a majority of blast and "intermediate cells" but in very few or no small lymphocytes. After intravenous transfer, most of the labeled cells localized in the lymphoid tissues of spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. Few cells migrated to the thymus, lung, liver, and intestinal mucosa. Both after intravenous and after intraperitoneal transfer there was a rapid increase in the incidence of labeled small lymphocytes and a decrease of labeled blasts and intermediate cells. This was accompanied by an increase in the grain count of the small lymphocytes and a progressive decrease in the grain counts of the blast cells. Exposure of nonlabeled donor cells to thymidine-(3)H at various time intervals after transfer indicated that dividing cells were present early after transfer but that their incidence progressively decreased. Between 24 and 48 hr, very little cell division was detectable.