tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cellular immunity and circulating antibody to herpes simplex virus in subjects with recurrent herpes simplex lesions and controls as measured by the mixed leukocyte migration inhibition test and complement fixation
Authors: R.W. GANGE, A. BATS, J.R. PARK, C.M.P. BRADSTREET, E.L. RHODES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Cellular immune responses and circulating antibody levels to herpes simplex virus were examined in patients with recurrent herpes simplex (HSV) infections and controls. Mixed leukocyte migration inhibition by herpes simplex antigen was less in affected patients than in controls but serum antibody levels were higher. There was no significant difference in leukocyte migration between patients with active or recent lesions and other herpes subjects, and the response in the mixed leukocyte migration test to phyto-haemagglutinin (PHA) was similar in patients and controls. The data presented suggest that a localized defect in cell mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus may exist and be responsible for recurrent herpes simplex infections.
Bring in universal mental health checks in schools
Authors: S. N. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death in the United States since the early 20th century. With advances in prevention and treatment, cardiovascular mortality rates are on the decline. Nevertheless, disparities in care persist, with devastating impact in select populations in the United States. This paper reviews the impact of disparate care on risk-factor burden, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cardiovascular research.
In vitro generation of mature, naive antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with a single T-cell receptor by agonist selection
Authors: S Snauwaert, G Verstichel, S Bonte, G Goetgeluk, S Vanhee, Y Van Caeneghem, K De Mulder, C Heirman, H Stauss, M H M Heemskerk, T Taghon, G Leclercq, J Plum, A W Langerak, K Thielemans, T Kerre, B Vandekerckhove
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Biochemical Lesions in Porphyria
Authors: Donald P. Tschudy
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A discussion of biochemical lesions in porphyria is complicated by the facts that (1) a number of different classifications of the human porphyrias have been proposed by different authorities,<sup>1</sup>(2) certain biochemical abnormalities in the porphyrias can be considered secondary, in contrast to the fundamental enzymatic lesions, (3) a considerable amount of biochemical information is derived from studies of experimental porphyria, induced in several species by a variety of compounds, and (4) the fundamental biochemical lesions can be discussed from the standopint of metabolic pathways or biochemical genetics. The present discussion will briefly review the biochemical aspects of the porphyrias in light of the above four considerations. Theories about the enzyme defects in the porphyrias will also be discussed. Since such theories must ultimately explain both the chemical abnormalities and clinical aspects of the disease, it will be necessary first to review the chemistry of porphyrin biosynthesis and then
Positive reinforcement, the matching law and morality
Authors: William A. McKim
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Addictive behavior has never seemed rational because it persists in spite of drastic aversive consequences. This is a particular problem for models of addiction such as operant psychology which hold that behavior is controlled by its consequences. Inspite of claims to the contrary, Heymans target article illustrates how operant psychology resolves this contradiction. By using the matching law, Heyman suggests a mechanism that explains why delayed aversive events may not control behavior, and a conceptual framework in which we can understand successful therapies.
Inducible Expression of a p56Lck Transgene Reveals a Central Role for Lck in the Differentiation of CD4 SP Thymocytes
Authors: Giuseppe Legname, Ben Seddon, Matthew Lovatt, Peter Tomlinson, Nitza Sarner, Mauro Tolaini, Keith Williams, Trisha Norton, Dimitris Kioussis, Rose Zamoyska
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Effect of Removing Direct Payment for Health Care on Utilisation and Health Outcomes in Ghanaian Children: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Evelyn Korkor Ansah, Solomon Narh-Bana, Sabina Asiamah, Vivian Dzordzordzi, Kingsley Biantey, Kakra Dickson, John Owusu Gyapong, Kwadwo Ansah Koram, Brian M Greenwood, Anne Mills, Christopher J. M Whitty
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Delays in accessing care for malaria and other diseases can lead to disease progression, and user fees are a known barrier to accessing health care. Governments are introducing free health care to improve health outcomes. Free health care affects treatment seeking, and it is therefore assumed to lead to improved health outcomes, but there is no direct trial evidence of the impact of removing out-of-pocket payments on health outcomes in developing countries. This trial was designed to test the impact of free health care on health outcomes directly.2,194 households containing 2,592 Ghanaian children under 5 y old were randomised into a prepayment scheme allowing free primary care including drugs, or to a control group whose families paid user fees for health care (normal practice); 165 children whose families had previously paid to enrol in the prepayment scheme formed an observational arm. The primary outcome was moderate anaemia (haemoglobin [Hb] < 8 g/dl); major secondary outcomes were health care utilisation, severe anaemia, and mortality. At baseline the randomised groups were similar. Introducing free primary health care altered the health care seeking behaviour of households; those randomised to the intervention arm used formal health care more and nonformal care less than the control group. Introducing free primary health care did not lead to any measurable difference in any health outcome. The primary outcome of moderate anaemia was detected in 37 (3.1%) children in the control and 36 children (3.2%) in the intervention arm (adjusted odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.66-1.67). There were four deaths in the control and five in the intervention group. Mean Hb concentration, severe anaemia, parasite prevalence, and anthropometric measurements were similar in each group. Families who previously self-enrolled in the prepayment scheme were significantly less poor, had better health measures, and used services more frequently than those in the randomised group.In the study setting, removing out-of-pocket payments for health care had an impact on health care-seeking behaviour but not on the health outcomes measured.
Loss of pulsatile luteinising hormone secretion in men with chronic renal failure.
Authors: R S Rodger, L Morrison, J H Dewar, R Wilkinson, M K Ward, D N Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In an attempt to determine the nature of hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction in renal failure the secretory patterns of luteinising hormone were measured in men with end stage renal disease and compared with those in healthy controls and renal transplant recipients of similar age distribution. Mean luteinising hormone and oestradiol concentrations were significantly higher and the number of luteinising hormone secretory pulses was significantly lower in uraemic men compared with controls. Plasma testosterone and oestradiol concentrations were significantly lower in renal transplant recipients than normal men, but there were no significant differences in mean gonadotropin concentrations or the number of pulses of luteinising hormone between the two groups. As pulses of luteinising hormone are thought to reflect episodic gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus these data suggest that uraemia interferes with central mechanisms controlling synchronised release of gonadotropin releasing hormone. This defect appears to be reversible after successful transplantation.
RECIPROCAL RELATIONS OF THE CLINIC AND THE LABORATORY IN MEDICINE
Authors: T. W. HASTINGS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The clinic has been under obligations to the laboratory since the time of the first post-mortem descriptions of normal organs, and of pathologic changes in organs and tissues. Yet to-day one would pass over the founding of modern medicine by Rokitansky, Cohnheim and Virchow on pathologic and histologic anatomy, to the consideration of the more striking relations of the clinic to bacteriology, parasitology, physiology, physiologic chemistry, experimental therapy and laboratory diagnosis. It is not that pathologic changes in tissues are unimportant, but in the newer fields of research there has been so rapid a development of methods applicable clinically to the accurate diagnosis and to specific therapy and prophylaxis of infective and parasitic diseases, and the correction and regulation of toxic and antitoxic metabolic disorders of a non-invasive nature, that the earlier pathologic investigations must be considered of a former era. The laboratory has forgotten that the original stimulus for
725. Seneca Valley Virus, a Novel Systemically Deliverable Oncolytic Virus for the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Neuroendocrine Cancers
Authors: Paul L. Hallenbeck, Seshidhar P. Reddy, Shanthi Ganesh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Virotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer because oncolytic (|[ldquo]|cancer killing|[rdquo]|) viruses, whether native and/or engineered, may be more efficacious and less toxic than alternative treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation. While conceptually attractive, key hurdles remain before an oncolytic virus can be systemically administered both effectively and safely, the basis for a successful virotherapy based anti-cancer regimen for metastatic cancer. A novel oncolytic virus, Seneca Valley Virus (SVV), has been discovered which may overcome many of these hurdles. In vitro studies demonstrated that SVV elicited potent cytotoxicity to tumor cell lines with neuroendocrine cancer characteristics (e.g. SCLC, Wilms, retinoblastoma) but no cytotoxicity on 20 non-neuroendocrine cancer cell lines or 10 primary normal human cell types was detected. Replication of SVV correlated with the cytotoxicity results. There was over a 10,000 fold difference in the EC50 between permissive and non-permissive cell types. Interestingly, a murine neuroblastoma cell line with neuroendocrine properties derived from strain A/J mice was shown to support replication of SVV to the same degree as permissive human lines. This result and the epidemiology of SVV suggest that mice may be a relevant model to examine the toxicity of SVV. An acute toxicity study was performed in A/J mice. No abnormalities (serum chemistry, hematology, body weights, gross necropsy) were observed following systemic administration as high as 1014 vp/kg. SVV also exhibited no overt toxicity in two other different strains of mice at similar systemically administered doses. SVV has also been shown to eliminate pre-established xenograft SCLC tumors (|[sim]|150 mm3) in mice at doses as low as 108 vp/kg delivered via a single intravenous injection. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests that the majority of humans do not have neutralizing antibodies to SVV and SVV does not elicit hemagglutination of human erythrocytes. We have also demonstrated that SVV has a substantially longer circulating half-life in mice relative to Adenoviral vectors, perhaps as a result of not interacting with cells or components in the bloodstream. Finally, SVV has several other innate advantages that make it attractive as a therapeutic and as the basis for a technology platform. SVV appears to be a promising therapeutic for patients that possess cancers with neuroendocrine properties.
Failure of nifedipine and reperfusion to reduce infarct size relative to region at risk as measured by NADH fluorophotography.
Authors: E Foster, D DeJong, C Connelly, C S Apstein
Journal: Circulation (1984)

In this report we describe a new technique for the measurement of region at risk after coronary artery ligation in the rabbit by NADH fluorophotography. We also describe the application of this technique to a study of nifedipine combined with reperfusion in experimental myocardial infarction. In 16 untreated rabbits the epicardial surface area of NADH fluorescence immediately after coronary ligation correlated with infarct size at 24 hr after coronary occlusion, as measured by nitro blue tetrazolium staining (r = .84, p less than .001). In 24 rabbits we studied the effect of nifedipine administered immediately after coronary ligation and combined with reperfusion at 1 hr after occlusion. Nifedipine had no significant effect on region at risk or infarct size.
Endoscopic training: colon polyp assessment
Authors: R. J. Mead, M. Duku, G. Longcroft-Wheaton, D. Pearl, P. Basford, P. Bhandari
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Japanese endoscopists have been using pit pattern recognition in early colorectal neoplasia for many years. It has a key role in the decision to endoscopically resect or defer to surgery. We have been training in Kudo9s pit pattern recognition as part of an endoscopy fellow programme studying EMR, and <i>in vivo</i> optical diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate our accuracy in pathological prediction relative to: 3 experienced untrained peers; a specialist UK consultant endoscopist; and a specialist Japanese consultant endoscopist. We aimed to assess 2 separate training interventions; an untrained endoscopist undergoing a 1 h training session in pit pattern assessment and pathological prediction; an endoscopy fellow undertaking a 4 week visit to a specialist centre in Japan. <h3>Methods</h3> 111 pictures of polyps seen by white light (38), chromoendoscopy (35), and magnification chromoendoscopy (38) were studied by all participants. Prediction of pathology was made, and compared to actual pathology; 37 hyperplastic, 43 adenomatous and 31 cancer polyps. All participants were blinded until the study was completed. 60 pictures were assessed by all fellows and untrained peers prior to intervention, with one peer further assessed after a 1 h teaching session using a GIE supplement for illustration. Six weeks after the initial assessment the same 60 pictures and a further 51 not seen before were assessed by all. Results were compared to results achieved by the UK and Japanese consultant endoscopists from a separate study using the same polyp library. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Endoscopy fellows</i> Endoscopy fellows achieved a mean accuracy higher than the untrained peers, 72% versus 64%. Additional training in Japan showed no significant increase in diagnostic accuracy, 72% versus 73%. <i>Accuracy of fellows versus specialist endoscopists</i> The specialist UK endoscopist achieved 87% accuracy. This was not statistically different to the specialist Japanese endoscopist at 93%. Fellows achieved an overall accuracy of 72%, with highest accuracy in their area of interest (metaplastic polyps 84%, polyp cancer 79%). <i>Untrained endoscopist intervention</i> Overall accuracy improved from 60% to 65% after 1 h teaching, and was 63% at 6 weeks. The sensitivity in diagnosing polyp cancer rose from 69% to 75%, and finally 94% at 6 weeks. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Training as a specialist endoscopist increases skill in lesion recognition compared to untrained peers. Additional training in Japan does not necessarily increase lesion recognition skills above that gained from UK training. A simple 1 h intervention in an untrained endoscopist increased accuracy in lesion recognition, and improved polyp cancer recognition. Mastery of lesion recognition to the level of specialist Japanese endoscopists is possible, but requires ongoing study and assessment.
Effect of Tension on Induction of Automaticity by Epinephrine in Papillary Muscle
Authors: I. R. INNES, H. D. SANDERS
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

Sudden increase in tension on the quiescent isolated cat papillary muscle from 1 to 5 or 10 g lowered the threshold concentration of epinephrine needed to induce automaticity. The threshold was lowered for no longer than 30 seconds. Slow changes in tension did not lower the threshold. Sustained tension of 5 or 10 g did not change the threshold, nor prolong the lowering of threshold resulting from sudden increase in tension. Contractions of muscles after a sudden rise to 10 g tension or sustained at this level were irregular in rhythm and strength, in contrast to the contractions of muscles under 1 g tension. Sensitization of cardiac muscle to epinephrine by tension changes progressively increasing with each successive beat may account for the effects of elevation of arterial blood pressure in cyclopropane-epinephrine and other arrhythmias.
Acute Postoperative Bacillus cereus Endophthalmitis Mimicking Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome
Authors: Ekta Rishi, Pukhraj Rishi, Sabyasachi Sengupta, Malathi Jambulingam, Hajib N. Madhavan, Lingam Gopal, K. Lily Therese
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
A New Method of Measuring Coronary Blood Flow in Man
Authors: Richard J. Bing
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A new, practical method of clinical measurement of coronary blood flow (CBF) has proved its value with use on more than 1,000 patients. Demonstrated also is the relation of CBF to other cardiac dynamics and the comparative influence of some pharmacologic agents on CBF. This method of measuring coronary blood flow introduces new principles, the use of rubidium Rb 84, which is a positron emitter, and the use of coincidence counting.<sup>1</sup> This quantitative method promises to be of help in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. It permits measurement of the effects of antianginal and antihypertensive drugs on the coronary circulation in normal patients and in patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease. Catheterization of the coronary sinus is not required. <h3>Concept</h3> The contractile function and nutrition of the heart muscle, the myocardium, depends upon an almost continuous adequate CBF. The coronary arteries alone supply most of the blood to the
The Clinical Recognition of Botulism
Authors: Kenrad E. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In this issue ofThe Journal(p 475), Terranova and colleagues describe the ocular and neurologic findings in a group of 59 persons involved in a common-source outbreak of type B botulism. This is the largest outbreak of botulism yet reported in the United States, and it afforded an opportunity for the prospective and systematic observation of the evolving signs and symptoms of the disease. In this outbreak all affected persons noted a dry mouth, and 51 (86%) had difficulty focusing to a near point or had diplopia before they visited a physician. Bilateral abducens nerve palsy developed in nearly all persons. Signs of bilateral severe third cranial nerve palsy were of prognostic importance. Among 11 persons in whom all three signs of third nerve palsy-medial rectus palsy, ptosis, and sluggishly reacting pupils developed, eight subsequently had respiratory insufficiency. Noteworthy respiratory insufficiency subsequently developed in only one patient without all
Immunosenescence and mucosal immunity: significant effects of old age on secretory IgA concentrations and intraepithelial lymphocyte counts.
Authors: E Arranz, S O'Mahony, J R Barton, A Ferguson
Journal: Gut (1992)

Concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) and levels of isotype specific antibodies to three dietary antigens in serum, pure parotid saliva, and in intestinal secretions obtained by whole gut lavage from groups of healthy elderly subjects (aged greater than 70 years) and of younger adult controls (aged 25-50 years) were measured. In addition, counts of lamina propria and intra-epithelial lymphoid cells were performed in histologically normal jejunal biopsy specimens from elderly and younger subjects. Elderly subjects had significantly higher concentrations of serum and salivary IgA and of salivary IgM (both, p less than 0.01), and of salivary IgA antibodies than did the younger subjects, but the amount of immunoglobulin and antibody in whole gut lavage fluid was similar in the two age groups. Jejunal biopsy specimen cell counts showed higher IgA plasma cell counts and lower intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in the elderly group (p less than 0.01), with similar counts of IgM and IgG plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells in the two groups. There is evidence of significant effects of old age on the mucosal immune system.
Clinical leadership in hospital care: The right kind of clinical leadership is needed
Authors: Jan Walmsley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Drug combinations and all cause mortality in heart disease No new insights were gainedEditor-Hippisley-Cox and Coupland conclude that the addition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to combinations of drugs conferred no additional benefit in their study of patients in primary care with ischaemic heart disease. 1 However, such a conclusion should be reached with caution.The drugs were given to the patients with the highest risk of death.A higher percentage of patients who died were treated with ACE inhibitors, and the greatest improvement in risk of death after adjustment for risk factors was seen in the patients treated with these drugs.ACE inhibitors might thus have been given to the patients with the most severe disease in each comorbidity group-for example, to diabetic patients with kidney disease and to patients with the most severe heart failure.Therefore the study can give no indication of the crucial question whether the outcome would have been equally good for the group of 463 patients who probably had the most severe disease and received statins, aspirin, blockers, and ACE inhibitors if they had not been given ACE inhibitors.Replacement of yes or no for comorbidity factors with more discriminating variables, such as presence of microalbuminuria and a severity measure for heart disease, would probably have improved the study.However, this cannot replace the quality of a randomised, placebo controlled study comparing the effect of adding ACE inhibitors to the other study drugs.Therefore the study by Hippisley-Cox and Coupland adds no new knowledge to how patients with ischaemic heart disease in primary care should be treated.
Metabolic significance of the pattern, intensity and kinetics of 18F-FDG uptake in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: V H Gerbaudo
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive neoplasm with a highly variable course. This pilot study evaluated the significance of the pattern, intensity and kinetics of 18F-FDG uptake in mesothelioma in the context of histopathology and surgical staging.Sixteen consecutive patients with pleural disease on CT scan underwent 18F-FDG imaging. Imaging was performed with a dual detector gamma camera operating in coincidence mode. Semiquantitative image analysis was performed by obtaining lesion-to-background ratios (18F-FDG uptake index) and calculating the increment of 18F-FDG lesion uptake over time (malignant metabolic potential index (MMPi)).Twelve patients had histologically proven malignant mesotheliomas (10 epithelial, two sarcomatoid). Thirty two lesions were positive for tumour. Patterns of uptake matched the extent of pleural and parenchymal involvement observed on CT scanning and surgery. Mean (SD) 18F-FDG uptake index for malignant lesions was 3.99 (1.92), range 1.5-9.46. Extrathoracic spread and metastases had higher 18F-FDG uptake indices (5.17 (2)) than primary (3.42 (1.52)) or nodal lesions (2.99 (1)). No correlation was found between histological grade and stage. The intensity of lesion uptake had poor correlation with histological grade but good correlation with surgical stage. 18F-FDG lesion uptake increased over time at a higher rate in patients with more advanced disease. The MMPi was a better predictor of disease aggressiveness than the histological grade.This pilot study suggests that the pattern, intensity, and kinetics of 18F-FDG uptake in mesothelioma are good indicators of tumour aggressiveness and are superior to the histological grade in this regard.