tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Somatomedin Hypothesis: 2001
Authors: Derek Le Roith, Carolyn Bondy, Shoshana Yakar, Jun-Li Liu, Andrew Butler
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

Since the original somatomedin hypothesis was conceived, a number of important discoveries have allowed investigators to modify the concept. Originally somatic growth was thought to be controlled by pituitary GH and mediated by circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I, somatomedin C) expressed exclusively by the liver. With the discovery that IGF-I is produced by most, if not all, tissues, the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-I vs. the circulating form has been hotly debated. Recent experiments using transgenic and gene-deletion technologies have attempted to answer these questions. In the liverspecific igf-1 gene-deleted mouse model, postnatal growth and development are normal despite the marked reduction in circulating IGF-I and IGF-binding protein levels; free IGF-I levels are normal. Thus, the normal postnatal growth and development in these animals may be due to normal free IGF-I levels (from as yet unidentified sources), although the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-I has yet to be determined.
How do chemotherapeutic agents damage the ovary?
Authors: S. Morgan, R.A. Anderson, C. Gourley, W.H. Wallace, N. Spears
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2012)

Chemotherapy treatment in premenopausal women is associated with an increased risk of premature ovarian failure (POF) but the exact mechanism through which this occurs is uncertain. In this review we examine the current evidence for the direct action of chemotherapeutic agents on the ovary and discuss possible molecular pathways through which follicle loss may occur. A systemic search of the databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, was made for all English language articles through to 2011 in each subject area discussed. POF results from the loss of primordial follicles but this is not necessarily a direct effect of the chemotherapeutic agents. Instead, the disappearance of primordial follicles could be due to an increased rate of growth initiation to replace damaged developing follicles. Likewise, the loss of oocytes need not necessarily be a direct result of damage: evidence suggests that chemotherapy drugs can also induce oocyte death indirectly via damage to somatic cells. Specific molecular mechanisms and likely ovarian targets are discussed for some of the anti-cancer drugs most commonly used to treat premenopausal women. Finally, we consider current and prospective methods of preserving fertility. It is likely that different chemotherapeutic drugs act through a range of mechanisms and on different target cells. More research into the cellular mechanisms underpinning chemotherapy-induced follicle loss could lead to the generation of treatments specifically designed to prevent POF.
Effects of the fibre components pectin, cellulose, and lignin on bile salt metabolism and biliary lipid composition in man.
Authors: L C Hillman, S G Peters, C A Fisher, E W Pomare
Journal: Gut (1986)

Randomised crossover studies in three separate groups of 10 healthy volunteers were undertaken to determine the effects of biliary lipid composition and bile salt metabolism of daily dietary supplementation for four weeks with the purified fibre components pectin (12 g/day), cellulose (15 g/day) and lignin (12 g/day). The subjects9 biles were initially unsaturated with cholesterol and no significant changes in the lithogenic indices or mean percentages of cholesterol, phospholipid, or total bile acids after any of the supplements were observed. After pectin, the mean (+/- SD) percentage of cholic acid decreased significantly from 42.8 (+/- 10.8) to 39.0 (+/- 11.2), the mean (+/- SD) percentage of deoxycholic acid increased significantly from 18.2 (+/- 13.7) to 25.4 (+/- 13.5) and C14-deoxycholate metabolites were raised significantly by 65%. After cellulose, the mean (+/- SD) percentage of chenodeoxycholic acid was increased significantly from 33.6 (+/- 6.3) to 35.4 (+/- 7.0), the mean (+/- SD) percentage of deoxycholic acid decreased significantly from 18.6 (+/- 9.6) to 14.2 (+/- 8.3) and C14-deoxycholate metabolites halved. Lignin did not exert any significant effects. Though these results show that individual fibre components are associated with quite different effects on bile acid metabolism, in the short term no significant effect on biliary cholesterol saturation was observed in bile initially unsaturated with cholesterol. The bile acid changes most likely result from the different effects on colonic metabolism induced by the individual fibre components.
Targeted hypoglossal neurostimulation for obstructive sleep apnoea: a 1-year pilot study
Authors: Gimbada B. Mwenge, Philippe Rombaux, Myriam Dury, Benoît Lengelé, Daniel Rodenstein
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective but cumbersome treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Noncompliant patients need alternative therapies. We studied a tongue neurostimulation approach: targeted hypoglossal neurostimulation (THN) therapy with the aura6000™ System. A multi-contact electrode positioned around the main trunk of the twelfth nerve connected to an implanted pulse generator stimulates segments of the nerve, activating dilator muscles. The primary objective was to improve the polysomnographically determined apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) at 3 months, and maintain the improvement after 12 months of treatment. 13 out of 14 operated patients were successfully implanted. At 12 months, the AHI decreased from 45±18 to 21±17, a 53% reduction (p&lt;0.001). The 4% oxygen desaturation index fell from 29±20 to 15±16 and the arousal index from 37±13 to 25±14, both p&lt;0.001. The Epworth sleepiness scale decreased from 11±7 to 8±4 (p=0.09). THN was neither painful nor awakened patients, who all complied with therapy. There were two transient tongue paresis. The present study represents the longest study of any hypoglossal neurostimulation reported to date. We conclude that THN is safe and effective to treat OSA in patients not compliant with CPAP.
Clinical Course after Liver Transplantation in Patients with Sarcoidosis
Authors: F. Adrian Casavilla
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

The effects of liver transplantation and the obligate use of cyclosporine on the subsequent clinical course of nine patients with sarcoidosis were examined. Two comparison groups, each consisting of 18 patients without sarcoidosis, were also studied. The liver allograft recipients received either cyclosporine or FK 506 as their primary immunosuppressive agent. Patient and graft survival were assessed for all three groups. In patients with sarcoidosis before transplantation, evidence for continued disease activity after transplantation was also assessed. Patient and allograft survival were excellent. No clinical evidence of continued disease activity was noted. Thus, the presence of sarcoidosis is not a contraindication for liver transplantation in otherwise appropriate candidates for the procedure.
Antagonists and non-toxic variants of the dominant wheat gliadin T cell epitope in coeliac disease
Authors: R P Anderson
Journal: Gut (2005)

Coeliac disease (CD) is due to an inappropriate T cell mediated response to specific gluten peptides. Measured by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) ELISPOT, about half of the gliadin specific T cells induced with in vivo wheat gluten exposure in HLA-DQ2+ CD are specific for an alpha/beta-gliadin peptide (p57-73 QE65; QLQPFPQPELPYPQPQS) that includes two overlapping T cell epitopes (PFPQPELPY and PQPELPYPQ).
MT1-MMP and RECK are involved in human CD34+ progenitor cell retention, egress, and mobilization
Authors: Yaron Vagima, Abraham Avigdor, Polina Goichberg, Shoham Shivtiel, Melania Tesio, Alexander Kalinkovich, Karin Golan, Ayelet Dar, Orit Kollet, Isabelle Petit, Orly Perl, Ester Rosenthal, Igor Resnick, Izhar Hardan, Yechiel N. Gellman, David Naor, Arnon Nagler, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The mechanisms governing hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization are not fully understood. We report higher membrane type 1–MMP (MT1-MMP) and lower expression of the MT1-MMP inhibitor, reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), on isolated circulating human CD34+ progenitor cells compared with immature BM cells. The expression of MT1-MMP correlated with clinical mobilization of CD34+ cells in healthy donors and patients with lymphoid malignancies. Treatment with G-CSF further increased MT1-MMP and decreased RECK expression in human and murine hematopoietic cells in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner, resulting in elevated MT1-MMP activity. Blocking MT1-MMP function by Abs or siRNAs impaired chemotaxis and homing of G-CSF–mobilized human CD34+ progenitors. The mobilization of immature and maturing human progenitors in chimeric NOD/SCID mice by G-CSF was inhibited by anti–MT1-MMP treatment, while RECK neutralization promoted motility and egress of BM CD34+ cells. BM c-kit+ cells from MT1-MMP–deficient mice also exhibited inferior chemotaxis, reduced homing and engraftment capacities, and impaired G-CSF–induced mobilization in murine chimeras. Membranal CD44 cleavage by MT1-MMP was enhanced following G-CSF treatment, reducing CD34+ cell adhesion. Accordingly, CD44-deficient mice had a higher frequency of circulating progenitors. Our results reveal that the motility, adhesion, homing, and mobilization of human hematopoietic progenitor cells are regulated in a cell-autonomous manner by dynamic and opposite changes in MT1-MMP and RECK expression.
Activation of Blood Coagulation during Inhalation Challenge Tests
Authors: R. Dahl, P. Venge
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Bronchial challenge tests were performed in 16 asthmatic subjects. Eight developed an immediate and eight a dual asthmatic response. In all patients serial blood samples were analysed for plasma recalcification time and Factor XII activation rate. In all instances a profound shortening of the recalcification time was found, but only in patients with a dual response could an increased activation rate of Factor XII be detected. A positive correlation, although weak, was found between the time of maximum shortening of recalcification time and the time of onset of the late reaction. The study suggests a relationship between activation of blood coagulation factors and the type of asthmatic response elicited after challenge test.
Neuron doctrine: Trivial versus radical versus do not dichotomize
Authors: Barry Horwitz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Gold &amp; Stoljar argue that there are two (often confused) neuron doctrines, one trivial and the other radical, with only the latter having the consequence that non-neuroscientific sciences of the mind will be discarded. They also attempt to show that there is no evidence supporting the radical doctrine. It is argued here that their dichotomy is artificial and misrepresents modern approaches to understanding the neuroscientific correlates of cognition and behavior.
Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: The Offspring Follow-Up (MiG TOFU)
Authors: Janet A. Rowan, Elaine C. Rush, Victor Obolonkin, Malcolm Battin, Trecia Wouldes, William M. Hague
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE In women with gestational diabetes mellitus, who were randomized to metformin or insulin treatment, pregnancy outcomes were similar (Metformin in Gestational diabetes [MiG] trial). Metformin crosses the placenta, so it is important to assess potential effects on growth of the children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In Auckland, New Zealand, and Adelaide, Australia, women who had participated in the MiG trial were reviewed when their children were 2 years old. Body composition was measured in 154 and 164 children whose mothers had been randomized to metformin and insulin, respectively. Children were assessed with anthropometry, bioimpedance, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), using standard methods. RESULTS The children were similar for baseline maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. In the metformin group, compared with the insulin group, children had larger mid-upper arm circumferences (17.2 ± 1.5 vs. 16.7 ± 1.5 cm; P = 0.002) and subscapular (6.3 ± 1.9 vs. 6.0 ± 1.7 mm; P = 0.02) and biceps skinfolds (6.03 ± 1.9 vs. 5.6 ± 1.7 mm; P = 0.04). Total fat mass and percentage body fat assessed by bioimpedance (n = 221) and DEXA (n = 114) were not different. CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to metformin had larger measures of subcutaneous fat, but overall body fat was the same as in children whose mothers were treated with insulin alone. Further follow-up is required to examine whether these findings persist into later life and whether children exposed to metformin will develop less visceral fat and be more insulin sensitive. If so, this would have significant implications for the current pandemic of diabetes.
What Allergens Would You Miss? Utilization of T.R.U.E.® Test Versus Expanded Patch Test Panels for Allergic Contact Dermatitis. A 5-year, Multi-Center Review from Allergy Practices
Authors: T. Mucci, S. Axelrod, M. Michelis, S. Lighvani, M. Aquino, M. Davis-Lorton, L. Fonacier
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Long-Term Efficacy of Methylphenidate in Enhancing Attention Regulation, Social Skills, and Academic Abilities of Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Heather M. Conklin, Wilburn E. Reddick, Jason Ashford, Susan Ogg, Scott C. Howard, E. Brannon Morris, Ronald Brown, Melanie Bonner, Robbin Christensen, Shengjie Wu, Xiaoping Xiong, Raja B. Khan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Methylphenidate (MPH) ameliorates attention problems experienced by some cancer survivors in the short term, but its long-term efficacy is unproven.This study investigates the long-term effectiveness of maintenance doses of MPH in survivors of childhood brain tumors (n = 35) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 33) participating in a 12-month MPH trial. Measures of attention (Conners' Continuous Performance Test [CPT], Conners' Rating Scales [CRS]), academic abilities (Wechsler Individual Achievement Test [WIAT]), social skills (Social Skills Rating System [SSRS]), and behavioral problems (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]) were administered at premedication baseline and at the end of the MPH trial while on medication. A cancer control group composed of patients who were not administered MPH (brain tumor = 31 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia = 23) was assessed on the same measures 12 [corrected] months apart.For the MPH group, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant improvement in performance on a measure of sustained attention (CPT indices, P < .05); parent, teacher, and self-report ratings of attention (CRS indices, P < .05), and parent ratings of social skills or behavioral problems (SSRS and CBCL indices; P < .05). In contrast, the cancer control group only showed improvement on parent ratings of attention (Conners' Parent Rating Scale indices; P < .05) and social skills (SSRS and CBCL indices; P < .05). There was no significant improvement on the academic measure (WIAT) in either group.Attention and behavioral benefits of MPH for childhood cancer survivors are maintained across settings over the course of a year. Although academic gains were not identified, MPH may offer benefits in academic areas not assessed.
An Ancestral Haplotype Defines Susceptibility to Doxorubicin Nephropathy in the Laboratory Mouse
Authors: Zongyu Zheng, Paul Pavlidis, Streamson Chua, Vivette D. D’Agati, Ali G. Gharavi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Haplotype analysis was used to refine of the DOXNPH locus, which harbors the susceptibility gene for doxorubicin (DOX; Adriamycin) nephropathy, a Mendelian form of selective podocyte injury. Analysis of haplotype structure in three strains with contrasting susceptibility (148 single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 101-kb spacing) was complementary to analysis of recombinants in 176 F2 mice. For example, haplotype analysis but not meiotic mapping could exclude the Abcc1 multidrug transporter, and this was confirmed further by phenotypic evaluation of Abcc1 null mice. Next, comparison of haplotype structure (55 single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 44-kb spacing) with phenotype in 15 inbred strains revealed a risk haplotype that was shared by susceptible strains (P = 0.00017), thereby reducing the DOXNPH region to a 1.3-Mb interval. These data demonstrate that susceptibility to DOX nephropathy represents a founder mutation in the laboratory mouse. Haplotype analysis can be used for identification of the DOXNPH gene and prediction of strain susceptibility pattern.
Results of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study One Year After Surgery
Authors: George O. Waring, Michael J. Lynn, Henry Gelender, Peter R. Laibson, Richard L. Lindstrom, William D. Myers, Stephen A. Obstbaum, J. James Rowsey, Marguerite B. McDonald, David J. Schanzlin, Robert D. Sperduto, Linda B. Bourque, George O. Waring, Ceretha S. Cartwright, Eugene B. Steinberg, H. Dwight Cavanagh, William H. Coles, Louis A. Wilson, E.C. Hall, Michael J. Lynn, Steven D. Moffitt, Portia Griffin, Vicki Rice, Sidney Mandelbaum, Richard K. Forster, Henry Gelender, William Culbertson, Mary Anne Edwards, Teresa Obeso, Marguerite McDonald, Aran Safir, Herbert E. Kaufman, Rise Ochsner, Joseph A. Baldone, John Lindberg, Rudy Franklin, Deborah Poloson, Mike Ostrick, Richard L. Lindstrom, Donald J. Doughman, J. Daniel Nelson, J. Douglas Cameron, Pat Williams, Stephen A. Obstbaum, Penny Asbell, Steven M. Podos, Michael J. Newton, George Pardos, Norma Justin, J. James Rowsey, Hal D. Balyeat, James C. Hays, Wayne F. March, Jack Whiteside, Becky Hewett, Douglas Corley, Beth Kuns, David J. Schanzlin, Ronald E. Smith, James J. Salz, Douglas L. Steel, Richard A. Villasenor, Jenny Garbus, Jan Reinig, William D. Myers, Robert C. Arends, John W. Cowden, William T. Sallee, Robert L. Stephenson, Paul Fecko, Henry J. Spiro, Vicki Roszka-Duggan, Peter R. Laibson, Juan J. Arentsen, Michael A. Naidoff, Elisabeth Cohen, Nubia Cantillo, J. James Rowsey, Roy Monlux, Michael Isaac, Linda B. Bourque, Beverly Cosand, George O. Waring, Shari Swift, Darrl Clark, Vicki Shadix, Jay H. Krachmer, Ceretha S. Cartwright, Robert J. Hardy, James P. McCulley, Robert D. Sperduto, Walter J. Stark, Michael J. Lynn, Steven D. Moffitt, Richard A. Thoft, James V. Aquavella, Jules L. Baum, Robert J. Hardy, Jay H. Krachmer, Robert D. Sperduto, Joel Sugar, James Ware, George O. Waring, Michale J. Lynn, Aran Safir, Steven D. Moffitt, Robert D. Sperduto, Ronald G. Geller, Ralph J. Helmsen
Journal: Ophthalmology (1985)
ANTIBODIES TO A SPECIFIC SURFACE ANTIGEN OF T CELLS IN HUMAN SERA INHIBITING MIXED LEUKOCYTE CULTURE REACTIONS
Authors: Peter Wernet, Henry G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Surface radioiodination of lymphocytes by the lactoperoxidase procedure has permitted demonstration of an assortment of different antibodies to lymphocytes in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. One type of antibody proved of special interest because it appeared to be associated with inhibition of the responder cells in the mixed leukocyte culture reactions. This reacted with an antigen on T cells and thymocytes which on sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a molecular weight of approximately 15,000 daltons. The possible relation of this antigen to T cell receptors and products of immune response genes is discussed.
Osteoarthritis: New Insights. Part 1: The Disease and Its Risk Factors
Authors: D. T. Felson, R. C. Lawrence, P. A. Dieppe, R. Hirsch, C. G. Helmick, J. M. Jordan, R. S. Kington, Nancy E Lane, M. C. Nevitt, Y. Zhang, M. Sowers, T. McAlindon, T. D. Spector, A. R. Poole, S. Z. Yanovski, G. Ateshian, L. Sharma, J. A. Buckwalter, K. D. Brandt, J. F. Fries
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people in the United States. It is a complex disease whose etiology bridges biomechanics and biochemistry. Evidence is growing for the role of systemic factors (such as genetics, dietary intake, estrogen use, and bone density) and of local biomechanical factors (such as muscle weakness, obesity, and joint laxity). These risk factors are particularly important in weight-bearing joints, and modifying them may present opportunities for prevention of osteoarthritis-related pain and disability. Major advances in management to reduce pain and disability are yielding a panoply of available treatments ranging from nutriceuticals to chondrocyte transplantation, new oral anti-inflammatory medications, and health education. This article is part 1 of a two-part summary of a National Institutes of Health conference. The conference brought together experts on osteoarthritis from diverse backgrounds and provided a multidisciplinary and comprehensive summary of recent advances in the prevention of osteoarthritis onset, progression, and disability. Part 1 focuses on a new understanding of what osteoarthritis is and on risk factors that predispose to disease occurrence. It concludes with a discussion of the impact of osteoarthritis on disability.
Decreased Benzodiazepine Receptor Binding in Prefrontal Cortex in Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: J. Douglas Bremner, Robert B. Innis, Steven M. Southwick, Lawrence Staib, Sami Zoghbi, Dennis S. Charney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Animals exposed to stress exhibit a decrease in benzodiazepine receptor binding in the frontal cortex. No studies have examined central benzodiazepine receptor binding in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to examine measures of benzodiazepine receptor binding in PTSD.From 13 patients with Vietnam combat-related PTSD and 13 case-matched healthy comparison subjects, a quantitative measure related to benzodiazepine receptor binding (distribution volume) was obtained with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of [(123)I]iomazenil binding and measurement of radioligand concentration in plasma. Distribution volume image data were analyzed by means of statistical parametric mapping.Lower distribution volumes were found in the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9) of PTSD patients than in comparison subjects.These findings of lower values for the benzodiazepine receptor binding measure of distribution volume are consistent with fewer benzodiazepine receptors and/or reduced affinity of receptor binding in the medial prefrontal cortex in patients with PTSD. Alterations in benzodiazepine receptor function in this area may underlie many of the symptoms of PTSD.
Haemostatic problems in liver disease.
Authors: D A Kelly, E G Tuddenham
Journal: Gut (1986)

Progress report Haemostatic problems in liver diseaseThe liver plays a major role in the control of coagulation and as a result haemostatic problems are detected in approximately 75% of patients with liver disease.1The coagulation abnormalities are both complex and multifactorial and depend on the balance between hepatic synthesis and clearance of activated coagulation proteins and their inhibitors; the presence or absence of dysfibrinogenaemia; thrombocytopenia, abnormal platelet function, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.Some patients will present with petechiae, ecchymosis or epistaxis, but most patients are asymptomatic or only bleed after venepuncture or liver biopsy.Alternatively haemorrhage may be life threatening and patients may die from variceal bleeding or from disseminated intravascular coagulation.The reasons for this disparity are not yet clear, but after the introduction of newer techniques, in particular the development of immunological assays for the antigens of coagulation proteins, our understanding of these problems has improved.The normal coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are depicted in Figures 1 and 2 while the major .