tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemically modified antigen preferentially elicits induction of Th1-like cytokine synthesis patterns in vivo.
Authors: X Yang, R S Gieni, T R Mosmann, K T HayGlass
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Differential activation of CD4+ T cell subsets in vivo leads to the development of qualitatively different effector responses. We identify an approach that allows selective activation of strongly Th1-dominated immune responses to protein antigens. Whereas in vivo administration of ovalbumin (OVA) induces cytokine synthesis that is neither Th1 nor Th2 dominated, administration of glutaraldehyde polymerized, high relative molecular weight OVA (OA-POL) leads to 20-fold increase in the ratio of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-10 synthesis observed after short-term, antigen-mediated restimulation directly ex vivo. In contrast, concurrent in vivo administration of anti-IFN-gamma mAb and OVA or OA-POL results in marked increases in IL-4 and IL-10, and decreased IFN-gamma production, reflecting a polarization of the response towards a Th2-like pattern of cytokine synthesis. These observations may be useful in clinical settings including hypersensitivity, autoimmune diseases, and vaccine development where the ability to actively select specific patterns of cytokine gene expression would be advantageous.
Value of programmed ventricular stimulation for prophylactic internal cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in postinfarction patients preselected by noninvasive risk stratifiers
Authors: Claus Schmitt, Petra Barthel, Gjin Ndrepepa, Jürgen Schreieck, Andreas Plewan, A Schömig, Georg Schmidt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The measurement of the synthetic rate of bilirubin from hepatic hemes in patients with acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: E. A. Jones, J. R. Bloomer, N. I. Berlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

A new method for the direct measurement in vivo of the synthetic rate of bilirubin from hepatic hemes is proposed. This method depends on the application of the labeled precursor-product relationship to the hepatic pool of porphobilinogen, which is a common precursor of both urinary porphobilinogen and hepatic-synthesized bilirubin. The hepatic pool of porphobilinogen is labeled by means of an intravenous injection of delta-aminolevulinic acid-4-(14)C. The proportion of total bilirubin production which is derived from hepatic hemes is calculated from the ratio of the mean (14)C specific activities of stercobilin and porphobilinogen estimated in pooled specimens of feces and urine, respectively. The method can be most readily applied to patients with acute intermittent porphyria, as the appreciable quantities of prophobilinogen in the urine of these patients greatly facilitate the measurement of porphobilinogen-(14)C specific activity. In three patients with acute intermittent porphyria, values obtained for the synthetic rate of bilirubin from hepatic hemes were 20.7, 15.8, and 13.3% of total bilirubin production.
Synergism Between Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 and HbA1c in Determining Renal Decline During 5–18 Years of Follow-up in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Proteinuria
Authors: Jan Skupien, James H. Warram, Monika A. Niewczas, Tomohito Gohda, Maciej Malecki, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Andrzej T. Galecki, Andrzej S. Krolewski
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We studied the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) and the rate of renal decline, a measure of the intensity of the disease process leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).A cohort of 349 type 1 diabetic patients with proteinuria was followed for 5-18 years. Serum TNFR2, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and other characteristics were measured at enrollment. We used a novel analytic approach, a joint longitudinal-survival model, fitted to serial estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum creatinine (median seven per patient) and time to onset of ESRD (112 patients) to estimate the rate of renal decline (eGFR loss).At enrollment, all patients had chronic kidney disease stage 1-3. The mean (±SD) rate of eGFR loss during 5-18 years of follow-up was -5.2 (±4.9) mL/min/1.73 m(2)/year. Serum TNFR2 was the strongest determinant of renal decline and ESRD risk (C-index 0.79). The rate of eGFR loss became steeper with rising concentration of TNFR2, and elevated HbA1c augmented the strength of this association (P = 0.030 for interaction). In patients with HbA1c ≥10.1% (87 mmol/mol), the difference in the rate of eGFR loss between the first and fourth quartiles of TNFR2 was 5.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/year, whereas it was only 1.9 in those with HbA1c <7.9% (63 mmol/mol).Circulating TNFR2 is a major determinant of renal decline in patients with type 1 diabetes and proteinuria. Elevated HbA1c magnifies its effect. Although the mechanisms of this synergism are unknown, our findings allow us to stratify patients according to risk of ESRD.
Multisystemic Therapy for Adolescents With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Deborah Ellis, Sylvie Naar-King, Thomas Templin, Maureen Frey, Phillippe Cunningham, Ashli Sheidow, Nedim Cakan, April Idalski
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The study aim was to determine if multisystemic therapy (MST), an intensive home-based psychotherapy, could reduce hospital admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in youth with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes over 24 months. Potential cost savings from reductions in admissions were also evaluated.A total of 127 youth were randomly assigned to MST or control groups and also received standard medical care.Youth who received MST had significantly fewer hospital admissions than control subjects (chi(2) = 11.77, 4 d.f., n = 127; P = 0.019). MST-treated youth had significantly fewer admissions versus their baseline rate at 6-month (P = 0.004), 12-month (P = 0.021), 18-month (P = 0.046), and 24-month follow-up (P = 0.034). Cost to provide MST was 6,934 USD per youth; however, substantial cost offsets occurred from reductions in DKA admissions.The study demonstrates the value of intensive behavioral interventions for high-risk youth with diabetes for reducing one of the most serious consequences of medication noncompliance.
Does griseofulvin alter lipids?
Authors: B.J. Liddle, J.R. Marsden, R.B. Cramb
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Does griseofulvin alter lipids? Get access B.J. Liddle, B.J. Liddle Departments of Dermatology, The General Hospital, Birmingham, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.R. Marsden, J.R. Marsden Departments of Dermatology, The General Hospital, Birmingham, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.B. Cramb R.B. Cramb Departments of Clinical Chemistry, The General Hospital, Birmingham, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 2, 1 February 1992, Pages 202–204, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07825.x Published: 01 February 1992
Asymmetry in skeletal distribution of mouse hematopoietic stem cell clones and their equilibration by mobilizing cytokines
Authors: Evgenia Verovskaya, Mathilde J.C. Broekhuis, Erik Zwart, Ellen Weersing, Martha Ritsema, Lisette J. Bosman, Theo van Poele, Gerald de Haan, Leonid V. Bystrykh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are able to migrate through the blood stream and engraft bone marrow (BM) niches. These features are key factors for successful stem cell transplantations that are used in cancer patients and in gene therapy protocols. It is unknown to what extent transplanted HSCs distribute throughout different anatomical niches in the BM and whether this changes with age. Here we determine the degree of hematopoietic migration at a clonal level by transplanting individual young and aged mouse HSCs labeled with barcoded viral vector, followed by assessing the skeletal distribution of hundreds of HSC clones. We detected highly skewed representation of individual clones in different bones at least 11 mo after transplantation. Importantly, a single challenge with the clinically relevant mobilizing agent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) caused rapid redistribution of HSCs across the skeletal compartments. Old and young HSC clones showed a similar level of migratory behavior. Clonal make-up of blood of secondary recipients recapitulates the barcode composition of HSCs in the bone of origin. These data demonstrate a previously unanticipated high skeletal disequilibrium of the clonal composition of HSC pool long-term after transplantation. Our findings have important implications for experimental and clinical and stem cell transplantation protocols.
Aging and the Heart—A Post-Genomic View
Authors: M. Saleem Seyal
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of the discrete pattern of electrical coupling on propagation through an electrical syncytium.
Authors: R W Joyner
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

We used numerical integration techniques to simulate action potential propagation along one-dimensional strands of cells coupled with electrical junctions. We considered the standard case to be a series of cardiac cells (20 micrometer in diameter, 50 micrometers long) with intercellular coupling such that the effective longitudinal resistance was 200 omega cm. The membrane properties were represented by the model of Beeler and Reuter (1977) (Sharp and Joyner, 1980). By increasing Ri (and thus decreasing the space constant, L), we showed that effects due to the discrete cell length, delta X, became apparent when delta X/L was greater than about 0.2, producing an increased maximal dV/dt but a decrease in peak inward current. We also simulated the effects of a periodic spatial variation in Ri, representing a structure with groups of well-coupled cells but with minimal coupling between the groups. Even with a constant membrane model and cell size, variations in the spatial pattern of interconnection produced significant changes in action potential shape and velocity, with some patterns producing decremental conduction or propagation failure.
Chromatography and microbiological assay of vitamin B12 in smokers.
Authors: K. Lindstrand, J. Wilson, D. M. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Felty's Syndrome-Pengelly MEDICALlJOURNAL (1954) and Fudenberg et al. (1961) have shown that in patients with very large spleens this ratio can well exceed unity.Ideally, direct plasma-volume estimations should have been made, but any gross error seems unlikely.If it is assumed that the true whole-blood volume in the first two tests was.inaccurate and really as expected from his weight, then the body/venous haematocrit ratio would have to be between 1.2 and 1.8, which seem to be impossibly high figures.Fudenberg et al. (1961) noted a reduction in the whole-body/venous haematocrit ratio when there was oedema associated with adrenocorticosteroid therapy, but my patient never showed any clinical oedema, so the ratio is unlikely ever to have been below 0.91. SummaryA case of Felty's syndrome is described in which the patient made a dramatic improvement with adrenocorticosteroid therapy.Red-cell volume and survival studies have shown that the improvement in the anaemia could be explained by a reduction in a grossly excessive plasma volume.It is suggested that inhibition of the reticuloendothelial hyperplasia by the steroid therapy has given the patient a " medical splenectomy," the benefits of this having been due to reduction in the size of the organ, with a reduction in the size of the body's vascular compartment, the same changes having sometimes been observed after splenectomy in patients who had had enlarged spleen.
Effects of exercise on mesenteric blood flow in man.
Authors: M I Qamar, A E Read
Journal: Gut (1987)

Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound was used to assess the effects of exercise on both fasting and postprandial superior mesenteric artery blood flow. After treadmill exercise (speed 5 km/h, gradient 20%, duration 15 min) in 16 subjects, superior mesenteric artery blood flow decreased by 43% immediately after the end of the exercise and by 29% at five minutes and 24% at 10 minutes postexercise. The superior mesenteric artery blood flow response to a combination of a treadmill exercise and a liquid meal in 15 volunteers was significantly smaller at five minutes from the end of the stimuli, than the response to the meal alone (15 controls) (635 +/- 51 ml/min v 846 +/- 72 ml/min) (p less than 0.025), but not different at any other time. Thus exercise reduces mesenteric blood flow in both the fasting and postprandial state in normal subjects.
Nucleotides Downregulate Aquaporin 2 via Activation of Apical P2 Receptors
Authors: Scott S. P. Wildman, Michelle Boone, Claire M. Peppiatt-Wildman, Alberto Contreras-Sanz, Brian F. King, David G. Shirley, Peter M. T. Deen, Robert J. Unwin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Vasopressin regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct, but extracellular nucleotides modulate this regulation through incompletely understood mechanisms. We investigated these mechanisms using immortalized mouse collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells. Basolateral exposure to dDAVP induced AQP2 localization to the apical membrane, but co-treatment with ATP internalized AQP2. Because plasma membrane-bound P2 receptors (P2R) mediate the effects of extracellular nucleotides, we examined the abundance and localization of P2R in mpkCCD cells. In the absence of dDAVP, P2Y<sub>1</sub> and P2Y<sub>4</sub> receptors localized to the apical membrane, whereas P2X<sub>2</sub>, P2X<sub>4</sub>, P2X<sub>5</sub>, P2X<sub>7</sub>, P2Y<sub>2</sub>, P2Y<sub>11</sub>, and P2Y<sub>12</sub> receptors localized to the cytoplasm. dDAVP induced gene expression of P2X<sub>1</sub>, which localized to the apical domain, and led to translocation of P2X<sub>2</sub> and P2Y<sub>2</sub> to the apical and basolateral membranes, respectively. In co-expression experiments, P2R activation decreased membrane AQP2 and AQP2-mediated water permeability in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes expressing P2X<sub>2</sub>, P2Y<sub>2,</sub> or P2Y<sub>4</sub> receptors, but not in oocytes expressing other P2R subtypes. In summary, these data suggest that AQP2-mediated water transport is downregulated not only by basolateral nucleotides, mediated by P2Y<sub>2</sub> receptors, but also by luminal nucleotides, mediated by P2X<sub>2</sub> and/or P2Y<sub>4</sub> receptors.
Indices of bronchial reactivity and sensitivity
Authors: C. M. Salome, N. J. Brown, H. K. Reddel, W. Xuan, G. B. Marks
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Cisneros et al 1 report associations between scores on the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and three indices of bronchial reactivity (dose–response slope (DRS), continuous index of responsiveness (CIR) and bronchial reactivity index (BRI)), which they suggest are qualitatively different from sensitivity, measured by PD20FEV1. This conclusion is questionable.

First, there are no meaningful differences between DRS, CIR and BRI. All are calculated using the final percentage fall in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and final cumulative dose. The only difference between them is the mathematical transformation applied to the data. Any differences in …
Endothelial Dysfunction of Coronary Resistance Arteries Is Improved by Tetrahydrobiopterin in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Christiane P. Tiefenbacher, Tina Bleeke, Christian Vahl, Kerstin Amann, Achim Vogt, Wolfgang Kübler
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for the synthesis of NO, improves endothelial dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, we hypothesized that reduction of BH4 is involved in the attenuation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in atherosclerosis, and we investigated the effect of alterations of the BH4 level on the vasodilatory potential of coronary resistance vessels from humans and pigs with atherosclerosis.Coronary arterioles were obtained from patients undergoing CABG (atherosclerosis group) or valve replacement (control group) and from pigs fed either a standard diet (control group) or atherogenic diet (atherosclerosis group). After isolation, vessels were cannulated, pressurized, and placed on the stage of an inverted microscope. Dose-response curves were investigated in response to the endothelium-dependent agonists histamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine (for pigs, substance P) and to the endothelium-independent agonist sodium nitroprusside (SNP) under control conditions and before and after incubation of the vessels with sepiapterin (substrate for BH4 synthesis). In vessels from patients and from animals with atherosclerosis, compared with vessels from the control groups, there was a significant (P:<0.05) reduction of vasodilation to all tested endothelium-dependent agonists but not to SNP. After application of sepiapterin, the responses to the endothelium-dependent agonists but not to SNP were significantly improved in vessels from the atherosclerosis groups. Sepiapterin did not influence vascular reactivity in the control groups.Atherosclerosis severely compromises endothelial function of coronary resistance arteries. Administration of sepiapterin leads to a significant improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to different agonists in vessels from humans and pigs with atherosclerosis. Therefore, we conclude that a reduced availability of BH4 is involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
Erythema nodosum and oral contraceptives
Authors: L. G. DARLINGTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Erythema nodosum may be related to a variety of diseases or possibly to drug therapy. Oral contra(notreadable) have only rarely been implicated in the literature, but a number of cases have been reported the Committee on Safety of Medicines in which erythema nodosum; appears to have been related contraceptives, in fact, they are the drugs most commonly reported to this Committee as associated (notreadable) the disorder. A detailed case report is presented in which erythema nodosum is thought to have (notreadable) precipitated by an oral contraceptive. Whilst several groups of drugs have been implicated in its aetiology, a causative relationship between a drug and erythema nodosum is often questionable. Oral contraceptives and erythema nodosum have been linked by several authors (Holcomb, 1965; Matz, 1967; Baden & Holcomb, 1968; Savel, Madison & Meeker, 1970). Savel et al. (1970) in fact described not only erythema nodosum, but also erythema multiforme in their two patients taking oral contraceptives.
The European Community Respiratory Health Survey
Authors: PG Burney, C Luczynska, S Chinn, D Jarvis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was planned to answer specific questions about the distribution of asthma and health care given for asthma in the European Community. Specifically, the survey is designed to estimate variations in the prevalence of asthma, asthma-like symptoms and airway responsiveness; to estimate variations in exposures to known or suspected risk factors for asthma, and assess to what extent these variations explain the variations in the prevalence of disease; and to estimate differences in the use of medication for asthma. The protocol provides specific instructions on the sampling strategy adopted by the survey teams, as well as providing instructions on the use of questionnaires, the tests for allergy, lung function measurements, tests of airway responsiveness, and blood and urine collection. The principal data collection sheets and questionnaires are provided in the appendices, together with information on coding and quality control. The protocol is published as a reference for those who wish to know more of the methods used in the study, and also to give other groups who wish to collect comparable data access to the detailed methodology.
Changing trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children in Mysore, South India
Authors: J.M. Sanjana, P.A. Mahesh, B.S. Jayaraj, K.S. Lokesh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:The prevalence of Asthma and Allergic rhinitis has been shown to be increasing over the last few decades both in developed and developing countries.This study evaluated the changing trends in the prevalence of Asthma and Allergic rhinitis among children in Mysore,South India.  Methodology:The trends were evaluated among children aged 6-14 years via the ISAAC core questionnaire which was self administered by the parents in 1998,2003,2008,2013. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to evaluate independent association of early life factors and asthma and allergic rhinitis.  Results:In 2013, a total of 1800 questionnaire were distributed and 1307 questionnaire were returned,response rate: 72.6%.The prevalence of asthma was estimated to be 17.14% and allergic rhinitis was 21.29%.The corresponding prevalence in 1998,2003,2008 for asthma was 4.%,6% and 9% and allergic rhinitis was 6.%,9% and 13% respectively.Twin children were found to have higher risk of asthma [2.95%{1.43-6.06}]on multivariate analysis and attending child care facility was found to be protective[o.68%{0.49-0.94}].Presence of elder siblings were found to have a higher risk for allergic rhinitis on multivariate analysis and younger siblings,term delivery and normal birth weight were protective.  Conclusion:The increasing trend observed over 1998 to 2008 showed a steeper increase over the last five years,which needs further evaluation.
Call for government to cut bowel cancer deaths by 60% in the next 13 years
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The number of deaths from bowel cancer could be cut by 60% by 2025 if the government acts on recommendations made in a report, a charity has claimed.

Bowel Cancer UK has set out a plan, which, it claims, could result in an extra 2500 people with bowel cancer a year surviving for at least five years after diagnosis by 2025.

Changes that the report recommends include: encouraging a greater uptake in screening, which is currently only 50%, earlier and high quality diagnosis with increased capacity—colonoscopy capacity should be more than doubled over the next five years to cope with growing demand due in part to an ageing population—and improved and more coordinated care for …