tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Value of Tincture of Cantharides in Some Forms of Pyelitis
Authors: E. Mackey
Journal: BMJ (1869)

each seat of disease-begliirig 1the-sVn-'as the frEst did-.--Theexci- sionof.cdne bone ise;aslgs 1fi l JetWrh4 w b &Adifro*i one-;xbt but-the disease has recurred-iftrho5e4leftt. 'Th6-inn gt j*Csdnti-i hos:pitA1 With this -is trath& bdi48)1tohaVe -it if b,rlig anally duxid in youligi men, i'o this cageitte l i d sgh6as hj t i euretrated 1seybsd fthe skiA., Te patiet ri4ptt ed'theh -,sOr leii{s'f th! same sidQe;d yeir agc%-ithe etid were no6t app6xiha 'nd' r sWff-ie'tend6 Achillis and-Miscle niot: acting theheel-'that iusual weight-hat ben
Successful treatment of a malignant gastrinoma with streptozotocin.
Authors: J R Hayes, N O'Connell, T O'Neill, J J Fennelly, D G Weir
Journal: Gut (1976)

The treatment with streptozotocin of a patient with metastatic gastrinoma is described. Two courses of intravenous streptozotocin were without effect. However, three months after two doses of 4 g streptozotocin were given into the coeliac axis, there was a marked reduction in hepatic size and a fall in fasting plasma gastrin levels from 1430 pmol/l to 240 pmol/l. Seven months after treatment fasting plasma gastrin levels were 125 pmol/l.
Fetal liver T cell receptor gamma/delta+ T cells as cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for maternal alloantigens.
Authors: Y Miyagawa, T Matsuoka, A Baba, T Nakamura, T Tsuno, A Tamura, K Agematsu, A Yabuhara, Y Uehara, H Kawai
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

We have established fetal liver-derived T cell receptor (TCR) gamma/delta+, CD3+ T cell lines that are cytotoxic for maternal T cells. Fetal liver-derived lymphoid progenitors yielded predominantly TCR-gamma/delta+ cell clusters when cultured on fetal bone marrow-derived stromal cells in the presence of a cytokine cocktail under magnetic force. These tightly adherent clusters were cloned by limiting dilution and the resulting cell lines analyzed for phenotype and function. Six of eight TCR-gamma/delta lines from 8-9.5-wk gestation fetuses were V delta 2+ as compared with zero of eight lines from later stages of gestation (10 and 15 wk), where all the lines were V delta 1+. In cytotoxicity assays, these TCR-gamma/delta+, CD3+, CD4-, and CD8+ or CD8- long-term cultured lymphoid cells (LLC) were killer cells active against the class I antigens on maternal T cells. Of the cell lines, the CD8+ TCR-gamma/delta+ LLC had the highest levels of killer activity. Thus fetal liver TCR-gamma/delta+ T cells may play a crucial role in protection against invading maternal T cells generated in the feto-maternal interaction.
The Royal Hospital of Saint Bartholomew 1123-1973
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Saint Bartholomew's Hospital in London has just celebrated its 850th birthday. Its story has been told before—massively in 1918, more briefly in 1923, and much more briefly in 1961. But to celebrate the present occasion, a new book provides a fine survey of the entire history. As the editors indicate, the book is in the nature of a "helicopter flight over 850 years." There are less than 400 pages but these provide both a general background and substantial historical detail. The book covers all phases of hospital activities, including administration, the training of physicians, the practice of medicine and surgery, nursing, and various miscellaneous topics. No period is neglected but the greatest emphasis rests on the 19th and 20th centuries. The chapters on medical practice in the 17th and 18th centuries and on nursing history should be especially commended. The illustrations are splendid throughout. While some of the chapters savor
Antibacterial Essential Oils Reduce Tumor Smell and Inflammation in Cancer Patients
Authors: Patrick H. Warnke, Eugene Sherry, Paul A.J. Russo, Martin Sprengel, Yahya Açil, Joachim P. Bredee, Sabine Schubert, Jorg Wiltfang, Ingo N. Springer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)
Surfactant subfractions during nosocomial infection in ventilated preterm human neonates.
Authors: M Griese, P Dietrich, C Potz, B Westerburg, R Bals, D Reinhardt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Long after resolution of the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, deterioration of respiratory function in ventilated premature infants during severe nosocomial infections is commonly observed. Based on an increased oxygen demand and ventilatory support, impairment of the pulmonary surfactant system was hypothesized to occur. The clinical course of 10 premature neonates (764 +/- 57 g, 26.6 +/- 0.4 wk) with nosocomial infection mainly due to Staphylococcus epidermidis was divided into four periods in each individual patient: "before deterioration" (average 8 to 11 d of life), "deterioration" (11 to 17 d), "peak" (17 to 22 d), and "recovery" (22 to 24 d). A total of 810 airway specimens were obtained by small volume lavage (1 ml/kg bw), pooled to yield appropriate amounts for differential centrifugation into two distinct subfractions known as large surfactant aggregates (LA) and small surfactant aggregates (SA). "Before deterioration" the amount of phospholipids recovered was constant, and the two fractions were characterized by electron microscopic morphology and biochemical analysis. In the LA fraction lamellar body-like lipid structures were demonstrated, and the phospholipid composition was typical of pulmonary surfactant in premature neonates with a high content of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. With "deterioration" and "peak" the masses of total phospholipids and of phosphatidylcholine recovered were reduced (p < 0.05). At the same time the mass ratio of SA/LA for phosphatidylcholine decreased from 0.32 +/- 0.10 to 0.18 +/- 0.03, indicating a more pronounced decrease of the SA fraction (p < 0.05). The phospholipid composition in the LA fraction did not change during the course of nosocomial infection. In the SA fraction a decrease of phosphatidylcholine and a concomitant increase in lysophosphatidylcholine were observed at the "peak" of the infection. We concluded that, in ventilated premature neonates during nosocomial infection and respiratory deterioration, changes in phospholipid subfractions occur, possibly indicating impairment of pulmonary surfactant metabolism. These findings may be important when considering treatment of acute lung injury with nebulized exogenous surfactant.
Primary care trusts need to tackle disparities in general practice
Authors: Debashis Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Resources and services offered to patients in primary care vary widely, with the best resourced practices able to afford twice as much for each registered patient as the least well resourced practices, finds a report by the public spending watchdog, the Audit Commission. Primary care trusts need to tackle this disparity, says the report.

The report aims to help managers of primary care trusts to maximise the benefits of the new contract for general practitioners, which comes into effect next month, and the additional planned investment by the government of £1.9bn ($3.5bn; €2.8bn) in the health …
THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER IN THE LABORATORY.
Authors: JOHN LOVETT MORSE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Before taking up the subject which has been assigned to me, I wish to protest against the separation of laboratory and clinical methods in the diagnosis of this disease. They should not be thought of separately, but together. Both are fallible, and both should be used understandingly and with due recognition of their limitations. Otherwise they may well lead to erroneous conclusions. The various laboratory tests which are used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever are, briefly, as follows: The Widal reaction; examination of the urine and feces for typhoid bacilli; examination of the blood for typhoid bacilli; examination of rose spots for typhoid bacilli; the diazo-reaction in the urine; the leucocyte count; tests which show the presence or absence of other diseases. The value of these tests is very unequal. Some are easy to carry out, some difficult. All have their limitations. As this, however, does not seem either
Obstetric outcomes after treatment of periodontal disease during pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: N. P. Polyzos, I. P. Polyzos, A. Zavos, A. Valachis, D. Mauri, E. G. Papanikolaou, S. Tzioras, D. Weber, I. E. Messinis
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To examine whether treatment of periodontal disease with scaling and root planing during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in the preterm birth rate. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Cochrane Central Trials Registry, ISI Web of Science, Medline, and reference lists of relevant studies to July 2010; hand searches in key journals. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised controlled trials including pregnant women with documented periodontal disease randomised to either treatment with scaling and root planing or no treatment. <b>Data extraction</b> Data were extracted by two independent investigators, and a consensus was reached with the involvement a third. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Cochrane’s risk of bias tool, and trials were considered either high or low quality. The primary outcome was preterm birth (&lt;37 weeks). Secondary outcomes were low birthweight infants (&lt;2500 g), spontaneous abortions/stillbirths, and overall adverse pregnancy outcome (preterm birth &lt;37 weeks and spontaneous abortions/stillbirths). <b>Results</b> 11 trials (with 6558 women) were included. Five trials were considered to be of high methodological quality (low risk of bias), whereas the rest were low quality (high or unclear risk of bias). Results among low and high quality trials were consistently diverse; low quality trials supported a beneficial effect of treatment, and high quality trials provided clear evidence that no such effect exists. Among high quality studies, treatment had no significant effect on the overall rate of preterm birth (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.40; P=0.15). Furthermore, treatment did not reduce the rate of low birthweight infants (odds ratio 1.07, 0.85 to 1.36; P=0.55), spontaneous abortions/stillbirths (0.79, 0.51 to 1.22; P=0.28), or overall adverse pregnancy outcome (preterm births &lt;37 weeks and spontaneous abortions/stillbirths) (1.09, 0.91 to 1.30; P=0.34). <b>Conclusion</b> Treatment of periodontal disease with scaling and root planing cannot be considered to be an efficient way of reducing the incidence of preterm birth. Women may be advised to have periodical dental examinations during pregnancy to test their dental status and may have treatment for periodontal disease. However, they should be told that such treatment during pregnancy is unlikely to reduce the risk of preterm birth or low birthweight infants.
Folliculitis in Down's syndrome
Authors: G.M. KAVANAGH, J.P. LEEMING, G.M. MARSHMAN, N.J. REYNOLDS, J.L. BURTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Twenty‐two male and 20 female adults with Down's syndrome were examined. Ten of the men and two of the women had a folloicular rash consistent with Malassezia folliculitis. Oral itraconazole treatment produced a significant improvement in the rash. Accompanied by a decrease in the skin Malassezia count. Clinical relapse occurred when therapy was discontinded, and was accompanied by return of the Malassezia yeasts.
Glucose, Insulin, and Glucagon Levels During Exercise in Pancreas Transplant Recipients
Authors: J Bruce Redmon, Spencer H Kubo, R Paul Robertson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether pancreas transplant recipients maintain normal blood glucose levels during physical exercise. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and plasma glucagon levels in six pancreas transplant recipients and six healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, body size, and level of conditioning during 1 h of bicycle exercise at a workload set to achieve 40% of each individual's previously determined peak oxygen consumption (VO2). RESULTS Serum glucose values were not different between control subjects and transplant recipients before the start of exercise (5.0 ± 0.1 and 4.9 ±0.1 mmol/l, respectively). Serum glucose levels fell slightly but significantly in both recipients and control subjects during exercise. There were no significant differences in glucose levels between the two groups at any time point during exercise, although mean nadir glucose during exercise was slightly lower in transplant recipients compared with control subjects (4.4 ± 0.1 vs. 4.8 ± 0.1 mmol/l, P = 0.04). In control subjects, insulin and C-peptide levels fell significantly within 15–30 min of exercise and glucagon levels rose significantly after 60 min of exercise. In transplant recipients, there was a trend for insulin and C-peptide levels to fall and glucagon levels to rise during exercise, although these changes were delayed and were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS No significant abnormalities in blood glucose were detected in pancreas transplant recipients during bicycle exercise at 40% of peak VO2 for 1 h. Compared with levels in control subjects, subtle alterations in insulin and glucagon levels may occur in transplant recipients during exercise. However, these alterations do not appear to result in either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia during light exercise for up to 1 h.
LYMPHOCYTE-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY IN VITRO
Authors: William J. Klein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The ability of antisera to suppress immune responses either in vivo or in vitro is well known. A variety of lymphocyte-target cell systems have been employed to demonstrate inhibition of cell-mediated immunity by antisera in vitro, and skin, tumor, and kidney graft survival have been prolonged by passively administered antiserum in vivo. An in vitro lymphocyte-tumor cell assay system was developed for the purpose of studying the effects of enhancing antisera (in vivo) on lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. The characteristics of this system with respect to route of immunization, time of harvest of immune cells, lymphocyte:tumor cell ratio, and effect of nonimmune or nonspecifically immune lymphoid cells are presented. Sera capable of enhancement in vivo were tested in this system and shown to inhibit cell-mediated immunity in vitro. Further, in both instances the immunosuppressive effect is mediated by antigen-antibody complexes and not by free antibody alone. Experiments were also carried out to determine the site of action of these suppressive antigen-antibody complexes. Presensitized lymphocytes were exposed to antigen-antibody complexes, washed, and then allowed to interact with fresh tumor cells (not antibody treated). Lymphocytes treated in this manner are incapable of exhibiting cell-mediated immunity in vitro. This evidence supports the concept that the antigen-antibody complexes have a direct immunosuppressive effect on the lymphocyte.
RECOVERY FROM AN APPARENTLY HOPELESS STATE OF COLLAPSE IN CHOLERA, AFTER REPEATED INJECTIONS OF A SALINE SOLUTION INTO THE BASILIC VEIN. SUBSEQUENT DEATH FROM GASTRO-ENTERITIS
Authors: H. Ancell
Journal: BMJ (1854)

~~~~~~~~~~~4 "i a Oo4i34 u1Y aM iamg latters siwb a the zms over R sation vitA the O aThere ws oon- jou of the choroid, andthI retinal veses wre nn- d, around the entrance of the optic nerve there was a ring.
Prediction of mite allergen levels by guanine measurements in house‐dust samples
Authors: E. Quoix, J. Le Mao, C. Hoyet, G. Pauli
Journal: Allergy (1993)

We studied the sensitivity and specificity of guanine environmental tests in the evaluation of the two mite allergen levels, i.e. 2 üg/g and 10 üg/g of Der p I and Der f I, considered to be risk factors for sensitization or for the development of acute asthma. We examined 239 house‐dust samples for Der p I and Der f I levels (ELISA) and guanine contents (semiquantitative guanine test and quantitative assays). All house‐dust samples with class 2 or 3 guanine tests contained more than 2 üg/g of Der p I and Der f I. The probability that house‐dust samples of class 2 contained more than 10 üg/g of mite allergens was 88%; it was 100% for house‐dust samples of class 3. The probability that a house‐dust sample of class 0 contained less than 2 üg/g of mite allergen was 87%. For each level of mite allergen, a ROC curve was constructed with the true positive rates and the false positive rates calculated by different cutoffs of guanine concentration. The cutoff point which gave the best compromise between sensitivity (76%) and specificity (89%) was 2100 üg/g for the threshold of 2 üg/g of Der p I and Der f I. For detection of a mite allergen &gt; 10 ųg, a guanine content of 3000 üg/g gave the best compromise between sensitivity (86%) and specificity (93%). In conclusion, the guanine test represents a satisfactory environmental test, inexpensive and simple, for predicting mite allergen levels. Semiquantitative and quantitative guanine measurements are more accurate in predicting an exposure level of 10 üg/g than of the level 2 üg/g of Der p I and Der f I.
A gift for Thanksgiving
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Passed in November just before Thanksgiving, the US Medicare reform act is so complicated that it is still unclear who should be giving thanks and who should not (bmj.com 29 Nov 2003, News Extra). At first sight it is a victory for the president, who fulfilled his election pledge to provide affordable prescription drugs to people over 65 and who should have enhanced his re-election prospects. Future taxpayers may give no thanks, because the …
HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: R F Little, M Gutierrez, E S Jaffe, A Pau, M Horne, W Wilson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma often present with multiple poor prognostic features, including significant tumor burden, advanced immunosuppression, and other concurrent morbidities. Strategies to manage such complex multiple-disease cases have often incorporated the assumption that prospects for long-term survival are poor and that intensive therapy cannot be tolerated and so is not justified. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection, life expectancy has improved substantially for patients in whom the virus can be successfully suppressed. Thus, for complicated cases involving AIDS-associated malignancy, a reassessment of treatment strategies and the potential for long-term survival is warranted. Here, we present the case of a patient with poor prognosis due to AIDS-associated lymphoma with leptomeningeal involvement, advanced immunosuppression, and deep venous thrombosis. The management of this case illustrates that a multidisciplinary approach to complex AIDS cases involving malignancy and concurrent morbidity can result in a return to functional health in affected patients. Successful strategies for achieving favorable outcomes currently exist with available therapies.
Australian government says healthy under 5s should not be given seasonal flu jab
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Australia’s health authorities have recommended that healthy children under 5 should not be given the seasonal flu jab, after preliminary research showed rates of febrile convulsions nine times higher than expected.

The 2010 seasonal flu vaccine in Australia is trivalent: it includes a vaccine against swine flu (H1N1) as well as two other strains of influenza.

In a statement released on 1 June, chief medical officer Jim Bishop said investigations had confirmed that a small number of children “have experienced fever with convulsions in the 24 hours after vaccination with the 2010 seasonal influenza vaccine. These reactions have been associated mainly with …
To Err With Air
Authors: Robert S. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> As to the relative value of the gas contrast technique and the high kilovoltage (KV) method for examination of the large bowel, much can be said on both sides, but what is said must be factual, objective, and unbiased. To advocate abandonment of one or the other of these methods would be radical indeed, yet this is what the author has recommended in regard to the contrast method. This recommendation is made in spite of the fact that both these techniques have been known for several decades and it is the double contrast technique that is the more widely used amongst radiologists, who by this time certainly have had an opportunity to investigate both sides of the situation and to make their free selection. One might expect then that if one were to advocate such a drastic step as abandonment of a procedure which the majority of
Interaction of mouse macrophage elastase with native and oxidized human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor.
Authors: M J Banda, E J Clark, S Sinha, J Travis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Native and oxidized alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were compared as substrates for the metalloproteinase macrophage elastase. At substrate concentrations at which native alpha 1-PI was readily degraded by macrophage elastase, oxidized alpha 1-PI was hardly degraded at all. Incubation of macrophage elastase with oxidized alpha 1-PI before the addition of native alpha 1-PI showed that oxidized alpha 1-PI was not an inhibitor of macrophage elastase. Competition experiments with up to twofold excess oxidized alpha 1-PI did not interfere with the degradation of native alpha 1-PI by macrophage elastase. Sequence analysis of amino acids in degraded native alpha 1-PI showed that macrophage elastase attacked a single peptide bond between Pro-357 and Met-358, the latter representing the P1 reactive-site residue of alpha 1-PI. In oxidized alpha 1-PI, Met-358 was converted to methionine sulfoxide and macrophage elastase hydrolyzed the bond between Phe-352 and Leu-353. These data suggest that methionine may be the primary cleavage site for macrophage elastase and not leucine, as previously thought.
"Gray's Anatomy": British and American
Authors: R. KENNETH BUSSY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981"Gray's Anatomy": British and AmericanR. KENNETH BUSSYR. KENNETH BUSSYSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-661_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The comparative review (1) of Gray's Anatomy and Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy on page 249 of your August 1981 issue is a review of the British edition of Gray's Anatomy though you fail to note that fact. The American edition of Gray's Anatomy has been published since June 1859 by Lea & Febiger. It is currently in its 29th edition, and is the book with which generations of American physicians are familiar.The differences between the British and the American editions are enormous. For starters, we would point out that the American edition sells for $32.50 and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lea & Febiger Philadelphia, PA 19106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 661-661 Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...