tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital Absence of the Left Pericardium
Authors: J. R. MORGAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Six young men were referred for evaluation of "cardiomegaly." Normal cardiac catheterization studies and diagnostic pneumothoraxes confirmed the diagnosis of complete absence of the left pericardium (without associated heart disease) in five of the six patients; these procedures were not considered necessary in the sixth patient or future patients because the clinical diagnosis had been confirmed by these studies in the five patients. The clinical findings in this entity were distinctive. There was a heaving cardiac apex in the left axilla and a systolic ejection murmur at the base. The electrocardiograms were similar in the patients with right axis deviation and clockwise rotation, and the chest roentgenogram showed levoposition of the heart. It is important to be aware of this entity so as not to confuse it with cardiomyopathy or other heart disease. The findings in another patient with partial absence of the left pericardium are presented for comparison with complete absence of the left pericardium.
Cloning of AL-1, a ligand for an Eph-related tyrosine kinase receptor involved in axon bundle formation
Authors: John W Winslow, Paul Moran, Janet Valverde, Ai Shih, Jean O Yuan, Suzy C Wong, Siao Ping Tsai, Audrey Goddard, William J Henzel, Franz Hefti, Klaus D Beck, Ingrid W Caras
Journal: Neuron (1995)
A Proposal for More Informative Abstracts of Review Articles
Authors: Cynthia D. Mulrow, Stephen B. Thacker, Jacqueline A. Pugh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

This proposal presents guidelines for preparing informative abstracts of review articles. Six guidelines are proposed: 1. The abstract should begin with a precise statement of the primary objective of the review. 2. The data sources for the review should be succinctly summarized. 3. The criteria used to select studies from the data sources and the method by which these criteria were applied should be specified. 4. The guidelines used for abstracting data and assessing data quality should be described. 5. The main results of the review and the methods used to obtain these results should be stated. 6. Conclusions and potential applications of the review's results should be clearly and succinctly stated. Application of these guidelines can lead to efficient identification of relevant, scientifically sound review articles, a greater awareness of the vital elements of a good review article, more precise computerized literature searches, and improved peer-review processes.
Infected Sebaceous Cyst
Authors: HALIL T. TUROGLU, SLEIMAN NADDAF, IVEN YOUNG, HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

McDougall has listed 42 cases of physiologic and pathologic causes of abnormal distribution of radioiodine that can be misinterpreted for metastatic cancer on the whole body l-131 scan. A 30-year-old Chinese woman was recently treated for thyroid carcinoma with total thyroidectomy and was referred for postoperative total body l-123 scan before ablation. She had a false-positive interpretation due to an infected sebaceous cyst in the skull.
Dutch cafes remove ashtrays from tables once more as law is set to tighten
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Despite the high tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) still fails in some microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors, suggesting the underlying T cell dysfunction. Immune profiling of PBMC from chemotherapy-resistant MSI-H uterine cancer patients treated with nivolumab identified the proliferative T cell response 2–4 weeks post PD-1 blockade. However, this “immunological response” to ICB was observed regardless of clinical response, suggesting the additional determinants of clinical outcome beyond the proliferative response or high TMB. To test the hypothesis that the gap between immunological and clinical response to ICB was related to T celI-intrinsic response to genotoxic and/or proliferative stress, a novel high dimensional cytometry platform was developed. The platform enables simultaneous analysis of T cell differentiation state and interrogation of multiple DNA damage and repair response (DDR) pathways at single cell resolution. This DDR-Immune platform revealed consistent T cell subset specific patterns of DDR, as well as specific DDR pathways induced by different types of DNA damage. Application of the DDR-Immune platform to this cohort revealed that, in clinical responders, Ki67+ CD8 T cells had rapid increase of pATM, presumably in response to proliferative stress induced by PD-1 blockade. This DDR was not clearly observed in clinical non-responders. In addition, Tregs from clinical non-responders had elevated DDRs compared to responders, suggesting their greater resistance to genotoxic/proliferative stress. Collectively, the new platform reveals previously unrecognized roles for T cell-intrinsic DDR as a novel determinant of immune responsiveness and clinical outcome.
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Older Men
Authors: Melinda C. Power, Marc G. Weisskopf, Stacey E. Alexeeff, Brent A. Coull, Avron Spiro, Joel Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Traffic-related particles induce oxidative stress and may exert adverse effects on central nervous system function, which could manifest as cognitive impairment.We assessed the association between black carbon (BC), a marker of traffic-related air pollution, and cognition in older men.A total of 680 men (mean ± SD, 71 ± 7 years of age) from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study completed a battery of seven cognitive tests at least once between 1996 and 2007. We assessed long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution using a validated spatiotemporal land-use regression model for BC.The association between BC and cognition was nonlinear, and we log-transformed BC estimates for all analyses [ln(BC)]. In a multivariable-adjusted model, for each doubling in BC on the natural scale, the odds of having a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 25 was 1.3 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1 to 1.6]. In a multivariable-adjusted model for global cognitive function, which combined scores from the remaining six tests, a doubling of BC was associated with a 0.054 SD lower test score (95% CI, -0.103 to -0.006), an effect size similar to that observed with a difference in age of 1.9 years in our data. We found no evidence of heterogeneity by cognitive test. In sensitivity analyses adjusting for past lead exposure, the association with MMSE scores was similar (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7), but the association with global cognition was somewhat attenuated (-0.038 per doubling in BC; 95% CI, -0.089 to 0.012).Ambient traffic-related air pollution was associated with decreased cognitive function in older men.
Basic Contributions to Medicine by Research in Anatomy
Authors: Edward W. Dempsey
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ANATOMY is the oldest and most protean of the medical sciences. Although the intent of this Forum is the description and discussion of new advances of importance to medicine, it is nonetheless necessary to place medical science in perspective, to trace the sweep of history, to show that anatomy today is but continuing to play a part begun centuries ago and as fundamental now as ever in the past. Anatomy's contributions to medicine may be traced by the names of men. It has been said that anatomy is what anatomists do. Anatomists have caused revolutions and counterrevolutions in medicine. Aristotle and Galen, Vesalius and Leonardo daVinci, Schleiden and Schwann, Johannes Mueller and Virchow, DeGraff and John Hunter, Bell and Magendie, Claude Bernard and Glisson, Ehrlich and Koch, Allen, Smith and Evans, Franklin Paine Mall, and others too numerous to name have left indelible imprints on the pages of medical history.
NEJM corrects its study on rofecoxib
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An increase in cardiovascular events associated with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor rofecoxib (Vioxx) occurred much earlier in the course of treatment than the original study reporting the problem had indicated, says a correction published online in the New England Journal of Medicine on 26 June (http://content.nejm.org/, doi: 10.1056/NEJMx06). 

The correction to the study of …
Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses deregulate early hematopoiesis through a Nef/PPARγ/STAT5 signaling pathway in macaques
Authors: Stéphane Prost, Mikael Le Dantec, Sylvie Augé, Roger Le Grand, Sonia Derdouch, Gwenaelle Auregan, Nicole Déglon, Francis Relouzat, Anne-Marie Aubertin, Bernard Maillere, Isabelle Dusanter-Fourt, Marek Kirszenbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Infection of primates by HIV-1 and SIV induces multiple hematological abnormalities of central hematopoietic origin. Although these defects greatly contribute to the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection, the molecular basis for altered BM function remains unknown. Here we show that when cynomolgus macaques were infected with SIV, the multipotent potential of their hematopoietic progenitor cells was lost, and this correlated with downregulation of STAT5A and STAT5B expression. However, forced expression of STAT5B entirely rescued the multipotent potential of the hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, an accessory viral protein required for efficient SIV and HIV replication and pathogenicity, "Negative factor" (Nef), was essential for SIV-mediated impairment of the multipotent potential of hematopoietic progenitors ex vivo and in vivo. This newly uncovered property of Nef was both conserved between HIV-1 and SIV strains and entirely dependent upon the presence of PPARγ in targeted cells. Further, PPARγ agonists mimicked Nef activity by inhibiting STAT5A and STAT5B expression and hampering the functionality of hematopoietic progenitors both ex vivo and in vivo. These findings have extended the role of Nef in the pathogenicity of HIV-1 and SIV and reveal a pivotal role for the PPARγ/STAT5 pathway in the regulation of early hematopoiesis. This study may provide a basis for investigating the potential therapeutic benefits of PPARγ antagonists in both patients with AIDS and individuals with hematopoietic disorders.
Comparative outcome of initial therapy for younger patients with mantle cell lymphoma: an analysis from the NCCN NHL Database
Authors: Ann S. LaCasce, Jonathan L. Vandergrift, Maria A. Rodriguez, Gregory A. Abel, Allison L. Crosby, Myron S. Czuczman, Auayporn P. Nademanee, Douglas W. Blayney, Leo I. Gordon, Michael Millenson, Ann Vanderplas, Eva M. Lepisto, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Joyce Niland, Jonathan W. Friedberg
Journal: Blood (2012)
Breast-feeding
Authors: Gary L. Freed
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IN THE<i>Healthy People 2000</i>report,<sup>1</sup>the US Secretary of Health and Human Services set as new goals for breast-feeding in the United States to "increase to at least 75% the proportion of mothers who breast-feed their babies in the early post-partum period and to at least 50% the proportion who continue breast-feeding until their babies are five to six months old." Importantly, these goals were set for the nation as a whole, without reference to any ethnic or economic subgroup. This conveys the message that breast-feeding will benefit all our nation's children, not just those of a defined population. The report goes on to state that overcoming barriers to successful breast-feeding will require "public and professional education and improved support from health care providers...." In recognition of the beneficial effects of breast-feeding to infants and of the role physicians can play in its promotion, the American Academy of
Future of Bioethics
Authors: Arnold R. Eiser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 October 2009Future of BioethicsArnold R. Eiser, MDArnold R. Eiser, MDFrom Mercy Health System of Southeastern Pennsylvania, Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania, and Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-8-200910200-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Brody H. 272 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 2009. $49.95. ISBN 9780195377941. Order at www.oup.com/us.Field of medicine: Bioethics.Audience: Bioethicists and physicians interested in bioethics.Purpose: To propose topics for future study by bioethicists and to analyze these topics comprehensively in order to invigorate the discipline of bioethics.Content: Topics vary from how bioethics must engage in interdisciplinary “cross-talk” with narrative medical literature, medical history, and the social sciences to evidence-based medicine and pay for performance. In each chapter, the author suggests how the bioethical dialogue needs to proceed if it is to contribute to a broader scope ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mercy Health System of Southeastern Pennsylvania, Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania, and Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 October 2009Volume 151, Issue 8Page: 592KeywordsBioethicsDisabilitiesEnvironmental healthEvidence based medicineForecastingPrevention, policy, and public healthPublic policy ePublished: 20 October 2009 Issue Published: 20 October 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Noninvasive measurement of pulmonary transvascular protein flux in normal man.
Authors: A B Gorin, J Kohler, G DeNardo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Onset of lung edema is usually associated with increase in the pulmonary transvascular flux of water and proteins. Clinical measurement of these parameters may aid in early diagnosis of pulmonary edema, and allow differentiation between "cardiogenic" and "noncardiogenic" types base on the magnitude of the detected changes. We have previously described a noninvasive method for estimating transvascular protein flux in lung (Gorin, A. B., W. J. Weidner, R. H. Demling, and N. C. Staub, 1978. Noninvasive measurement of pulmonary transvascular protein flux in sheep. J. Appl. Physiol. 45: 225-233). Using this method we measured the net transvascular flux of [113mIn]transferrin (mol wt, 76,000 in lungs of nine normal human volunteers. Plasma clearance of [113In]transferrin occurred with a T1/2 = 7.0 +/- 2.6 h (mean +/- SD). The pulmonary transvascular flux coefficient, alpha, was 2.9 +/- 1.4 X 10(-3) ml/s (mean +/- SD) in man, slightly greater than that previously measured in sheep (2.7 +/- 0.7 X 10(-3) ml/s; mean +/- SD). The pulmonary transcapillary escape rate is twofold greater than the transcapillary escape rate for the vascular bed as a whole, indicating a greater "porosity" of exchanging vessels in the lung than exists for the "average" microvessel in the body. Time taken to reach half-equilibrium concentration of tracer protein in the lung interstitium was quite short, 52 +/- 13 min (mean +/- SD). We have shown that measurement of pulmonary transvascular protein flux in man is practical. The coefficient of variation of measurements of alpha (between subjects) was 0.48, and of measurements of pulmonary transcapillary escape rates was 0.39. In animals, endothelial injury commonly results in a two- to threefold increase in transvascular protein flux. Thus, external radioflux detection should be a suitable means of quantitating lung vascular injury in human disease states.
STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF THE AGENT TRANSMITTING LEUCOSIS OF FOWLS
Authors: J. Furth, H. K. Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The agent transmitting leucosis readily passed all types of silicious filters. Filtration is particularly successful when the plasma is freed from particles and substances that would otherwise obstruct the pores of the filter. Filtration through fine filters seems to be facilitated by preceding filtration through coarse filters. A comparison of the periods of incubation of leucosis produced by unfiltered plasma and plasma passed through silicious filters shows that as a result of filtration, the incubation periods are somewhat prolonged. This suggests a slight or moderate decrease in the concentration of the transmitting agent in the plasma caused by filtration. Filtration tests through collodion membranes indicate that the agent transmitting leucosis is much smaller than the virus of bovine pleuropneumonia (250 mmicro) and that it approximates the size of bacteriophage.
STUDIES IN RODENT POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Claus W. Jungeblut, Murray Sanders
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. The murine strain of SK poliomyelitis virus interferes with the propagation in rhesus monkeys of SK, Aycock, and RMV poliomyelitis monkey virus. 2. This interference is demonstrable by intracerebral injection of mixtures of murine and monkey virus prepared in vitro as well as by separate injection of the two viruses by diverse routes. 3. Mixture tests carried out with graded doses of murine and monkey virus show that 0.5 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension prepared from the brains of paralyzed mice is capable of counteracting at least 100 minimal paralyzing doses of two strains of monkey virus. 4. No interference was demonstrable with suspensions of brains infected with murine virus which had been inactivated by heating for (1/2) hour at 75 degrees C., or with suspensions prepared from normal mice, or with brain suspensions prepared from mice infected with herpes virus. 5. When murine virus is introduced into monkeys by the intravenous route, before or after intracerebral infection with monkey virus, distinct prophylactic or therapeutic results may be obtained. 6. Analysis of the figures shows that the success of interference depends upon (a) the size of the infecting dose of monkey virus, (b) the amount of murine virus injected, and (c) the choice of proper intervals between the injection of monkey and murine virus. 7. The mechanism of the interference phenomenon here described is discussed in the light of the available data.
The combined effects of hypoxia, high K+, and acidosis on the intracellular sodium activity and resting potential in guinea pig papillary muscle.
Authors: A A Wilde, A G Kléber
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Several reports have shown that electrical and ionic changes occurring in acute myocardial ischemia can be closely mimicked by exposure of tissue to hypoxic, acid-, and glucose-free solutions at elevated [K+]o. In the present work, this approach was chosen to distinguish between the combined effects of hypoxia, substrate withdrawal, and acidosis, and the effects of two different levels of [K+]o (4.7 mM and 11.5 mM) on intracellular sodium activity and resting membrane potential. Measurements were made with microelectrodes in isolated guinea pig papillary muscles. In normoxia at 4.7 mM [K+]o, intracellular sodium activity was 7.5 mM (+/- 1.9 mM, SD) during stimulation at 1 Hz. Combined hypoxia, substrate withdrawal, and acidosis increased intracellular sodium activity significantly, by 3-4 mM in 4.7 mM [K+]o and by approximately 2 mM in 11.5 mM [K+]o, after 9-10 minutes. Increasing [K+]o in normoxic solution decreased intracellular sodium activity by 1.9 mM (+/- 1.3 mM, SD). The transition from normal (4.7 mM [K+]o) Tyrode's solution to "ischemic solution" (hypoxia, acidosis, substrate withdrawal, 11.5 mM [K+]o) was associated with a small initial increase and a subsequent decrease of intracellular sodium activity. The steady state level after 12 minutes was not significantly different from the level in normal Tyrode's solution. The secondary decrease of intracellular sodium activity coincided with the gradual development of inexcitability and was absent in quiescent preparations. Combined hypoxia, acidosis, and glucose-withdrawal produced a depolarization by 7-10 mV at 4.7 mM and at 11.5 mM [K+]o, probably reflecting cellular potassium loss and extracellular potassium accumulation in the restricted extracellular space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Postmarketing Surveillance: Beyond medWatch-Reply
Authors: David A. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I appreciate Dr Faich's support for the FDA's newmedWatchprogram, and I agree with him that adequate follow-up of reports and epidemiologic assessment of signals are integral to any postmarketing surveillance program.medWatchis but one very important component of such a program. Surveillance and data analysis cannot be conducted in the absence of good-quality reports of serious adverse events associated with medical products. Our first effort has thus been to increase the rate of reporting of serious adverse events and improve the quality of those reports throughmedWatcheducational activities. Postmarketing surveillance and data analysis and epidemiologic studies have become increasingly important tools to monitor marketed medical products. When drugs are approved based on surrogate markers or preliminary data, as is sometimes the case with drugs for serious or life-threatening diseases, postmarketing studies are absolutely essential. Epidemiologic studies also provide useful safety and efficacy information about
Therapeutic Benefits of ACE Inhibitors and Other Antihypertensive Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hans-Henrik Parving, Peter Rossing
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Lettersnondiabetic siblings of type 1 diabetic patients and therefore correlated with plasma concentrations of Lp(a) and fibrinogen.Cases of hyponatremia have been correlated with inflammation ( 14) and increased plasma interleukin Ϫ6 concentration (15).These findings are consistent with our hypothesis of an association among inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.Moreover, the familiarly overactive NHE could be viewed independently as further evidence for the presence in these families of a redox disequilibrium in which oxidation seems to be dominant.
Long-term <i>In vitro</i> Expansion Alters the Biology of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Reza Izadpanah, Deepak Kaushal, Christopher Kriedt, Fern Tsien, Bindiya Patel, Jason Dufour, Bruce A. Bunnell
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) and adipose tissue stem cells (ASC) of humans and rhesus macaques were evaluated for their cell cycle properties during protracted culture in vitro. Human ASCs (hASC) and rhesus BMSCs (rBMSC) underwent significantly more total population doublings than human BMSCs (hBMSC) and rhesus ASCs (rASC). The cell cycle profile of all MSCs was altered as cultures aged. hMSCs underwent an increase in the frequency of cells in the S phase at P20 and P30. However, rhesus MSCs from both sources developed a distinct polyploid population of cells at P20, which progressed to aneuploidy by P30. Karyotype analysis of MSCs revealed the development of tetraploid or aneuploid karyotypes in the rhesus cells at P20 or P30. Analysis of the transcriptome of the MSCs from early and late passages revealed significant alterations in the patterns of gene expression (8.8% of the genes were differentially expressed in hBMSCs versus hASCs, and 5.5% in rBMSCs versus rASCs). Gene expression changes were much less evident within the same cell type as aging occurred (0.7% in hMSCs and 0.9% in rMSC). Gene ontology analysis showed that functions involved in protein catabolism and regulation of pol II transcription were overrepresented in rASCs, whereas the regulation of IκB/nuclear factor-κB cascade were overrepresented in hBMSCs. Functional analysis of genes that were differentially expressed in rASCs and hBMSCs revealed that pathways involved in cell cycle, cell cycle checkpoints, protein-ubiquitination, and apoptosis were altered. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4229–38]