tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Agent Orange and Hypertension
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dominant gene probably caused some of defects ascribed to thalidomide
Authors: D. Smithells
Journal: BMJ (1998)

We conclude, firstly, that the management of women who present to accident and emergency departments requiring emergency contraception is in disarray and that experts should suggest a common approach.This would ensure consistent management throughout the United Kingdom based on published data reflecting the safety of such drug treatment.Secondly, any protocol should be realistic and should spare women the inconvenience and often the embarrassment of seeking such emergency care; it should also include recommendations concerning follow up.
Abstract LB-206: Role of Olig2 phosphorylation in pediatric glioma formation
Authors: Amelie GRIVEAU, An-Chi TIEN, David H. Rowitch
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Malignant gliomas are a leading cause of tumor-related mortality in children. Current therapies often have significant adverse effects on brain development and are largely ineffective against aggressive gliomas. The development of rational therapies has been limited by poor information regarding the cell of origin for pediatric glioma and the relevant underlying genetic alterations. Recent findings now reveal that mutations existing in pediatric glioma are different than those seen in adult gliomas. For example, BRAFV600E activating mutations are associated with deletion of the tumor suppressor gene, p16 (Ink4a-Arf), in about 15% of pediatric gliomas. We have generated a faithful genetic mouse model in which there is concomitant activation of BRAFV600E and deletion of Ink4a-Arf in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) leading to the generation of pediatric high-grade glioma. OPCs have been shown to be a potential cell of origin for glioma and expression of Olig2 is found in 100 percent of human pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas. Given that Olig2 is also required for normal myelin development, targeting all Olig2-expressing cells with small molecule inhibitors would likely have detrimental effects. We have recently found that Olig2 protein is present in a phosphorylated form that promotes proliferation of adult glioma cells. In this study, we demonstrate that phospho-Olig2 is expressed in tumorigenic oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and is required for pediatric glioma generation. In addition, we found that phospho-Olig2 and Olig2 interact with different proteins, some of which are feasible drug targets. This study gives insights into new therapies by understanding key protein interactions in normal oligodendrocyte development as well as in tumorigenic oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Citation Format: Amelie GRIVEAU, An-Chi TIEN, David H. Rowitch. Role of Olig2 phosphorylation in pediatric glioma formation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-206. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-206
Functional repair of a mutant chloride channel using a trans-splicing ribozyme
Authors: Christopher S. Rogers, Carlos G. Vanoye, Bruce A. Sullenger, Alfred L. George
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

RNA repair has been proposed as a novel gene-based therapeutic strategy. Modified Tetrahymena group I intron ribozymes have been used to mediate trans-splicing of therapeutically relevant RNA transcripts, but the efficiency of the ribozyme-mediated RNA repair process has not been determined precisely and subsequent restoration of protein function has been demonstrated only by indirect means. We engineered a ribozyme that targets the mRNA of a mutant canine skeletal muscle chloride channel (cClC-1) (mutation T268M in ClC-1 causing myotonia congenita) and replaces the mutant-containing 3′ portion by trans-splicing the corresponding 4-kb wild-type sequence. Repair efficiency assessed by quantitative RT-PCR was 1.2% ± 0.1% in a population of treated cells. However, when chloride channel function was examined in single cells, a wide range of electrophysiological activity was observed, with 18% of cells exhibiting significant functional restoration and some cells exhibiting complete rescue of the biophysical phenotype. These results indicate that RNA repair can restore wild-type protein activity and reveal considerable cell-to-cell variability in ribozyme-mediated trans-splicing reaction efficiency.
A Test for Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Using Nasal Brushings
Authors: Christina D. Orrú, Matilde Bongianni, Giovanni Tonoli, Sergio Ferrari, Andrew G. Hughson, Bradley R. Groveman, Michele Fiorini, Maurizio Pocchiari, Salvatore Monaco, Byron Caughey, Gianluigi Zanusso
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Definite diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in living patients remains a challenge. A test that detects the specific marker for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, the prion protein (PrPCJD), by means of real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) testing of cerebrospinal fluid has a sensitivity of 80 to 90% for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. We have assessed the accuracy of RT-QuIC analysis of nasal brushings from olfactory epithelium in diagnosing sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in living patients.
Retrospective comparison of mobilization methods for autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Hideki Nakasone, Yoshinobu Kanda, Tomoki Ueda, Kenji Matsumoto, Naomi Shimizu, Jiro Minami, Rika Sakai, Maki Hagihara, Akira Yokota, Kumi Oshima, Yuiko Tsukada, Takayoshi Tachibana, Chiaki Nakaseko, Shin Fujisawa, Shingo Yano, Hiroyuki Fujita, Satoshi Takahashi, Heiwa Kanamori, Shinichiro Okamoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

The combination of cyclophosphamide and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has widely been used to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, however, alternative approaches such as G-CSF alone or etoposide followed by G-CSF have been investigated. We, therefore, retrospectively analyzed the effects of these mobilization methods on collection yield and disease outcome in ASCT for MM. We reviewed 146 MM patients from whom we intended to collect stem cells. For mobilization, 67, 58, and 21 patients received cyclophosphamide and G-CSF, etoposide and G-CSF, and G-CSF alone (including nonmyelosuppressive chemotherapy followed by G-CSF), respectively. Among them, 136 achieved the target number of HSCs (at least 2 x 10(6)/kg). Lower creatinine and higher albumin levels at diagnosis were significantly associated with successful yield. A lower number of infused HSCs, use of the etoposide for mobilization and high ISS were associated with delayed hematopoietic recovery. The mobilization methods did not significantly affect either the successful collection of more than 2 x 10(6) CD34-positive cells/kg or PFS after ASCT. G-CSF alone was sufficient for stem cell mobilization for a single ASCT. The optimal approach to collect HSCs in MM remains to be elucidated.
Abstract P3-06-32: Topoisomerase 1 gene copy aberration is a frequent finding in clinical breast cancer samples
Authors: J Stenvang, M Smid, S Nielsen, E Balslev, M Timmermans, M Rømer, S Nygaard, I Christensen, D Nielsen, J Foekens, N Brünner, J Martens
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The topoisomerase-1 (TOP1) targeting drug irinotecan may be a new effective drug in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients1,2. However, the use of irinotecan should be guided by predictive biomarkers to avoid drug-induced site effects in the non-responding subgroup of patients. A newly developed TOP1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)3 probe mix (Dako, Denmark) may represent such a novel predictive biomarker assay. Materials and Methods: The TOP1/CEN-20 FISH probe mix was applied to normal breast tissue (n = 100) and human breast cancer biopsy material (n = 42). TOP1 copy number variations (Affymetrix GeneChip 100k SNP array) and TOP1 mRNA levels (Affymetrix u133a GeneChip) were studied in 313 breast cancer samples4. Results: Employing FISH, the mean diploid TOP1 copy number in normal breast epithelium was 1.7 (range 1.45–1.90) and the diploid CEN-20 number was 1.6 (range 1.38–1.82). The normal diploid range was defined as the mean plus/minus 0.5 times the haploid gene copy number (Table 1 and 2). Using these values as cut-off, 13 (30.9%) of the 42 breast cancer samples had TOP1 gene copy number in the diploid range, 18 (42.9%) had 1 extra copy and 11 (26.2%) had ≥ 2 extra copies. CEN-20 counts showed that 19 (45.5%) had CEN-20 values within the diploid range, 21 (50%) had 1 extra copy and 2 (4.8%) had ≥ 2 extra copies. Calculating the TOP1/CEN-20 ratio showed that 6 (14.3%) of the patients samples had a ratio above 1.5, while none had a ratio &amp;lt; 0.8. The Pearson correlation between TOP1 and CEN-20 counts in the 42 breast cancer samples analyzed with FISH was 0.73. In the 313 breast cancer samples 34/313 (10.9%) had TOP1 copy gain and a significant association (p &amp;lt; 0.0001) was observed between TOP1 copy number and TOP1 mRNA. Conclusions: This study shows that about 25% of breast cancers have ≥2 extra copies of TOP1 as determined by FISH analyses. The high correlation between TOP1 and CEN20 in the 42 breast cancer samples challenges the use of the ratio. Moreover, the significant association between TOP1 gene copy number (SNP array) and TOP1 mRNA expression in breast cancer biopsies suggests that TOP1 FISH results will correlate with TOP1 protein amounts and may therefore be used to predict sensitivity to the TOP1 targeting drug irinotecan in breast cancer. However, a prospective clinical study is needed to prove or disprove this hypothesis. References 1. Perez EA et al. J Clin Oncol. 2004, 22(14):2849–55. 2. Lee KS et al. Invest New Drugs. 2012 May 5. 3. Rømer MU et al. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012, 47(1):68–79. 4. Zhang Y et al. Cancer Res 2009, 69(9):3795–3801. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-32.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF THE SO-CALLED REFLEX NEUROSES.Read before the Chicago Medical Society, June 4, 1894.
Authors: H. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Touching the sufficiency of the Constitution and Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association, as they are now, I have well-settled convictions, the result of many years of observation, experience and reflection, but I am not here to proselyte to my opin¬ ions ; as I interpret my mission on this occasion it is to exercise my influence
Rituximab-Induced Pneumonitis on F-18 FDG PET/CT in Patient With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Bong-Il Song, Sang-Woo Lee, Hong Je Lee, Sungmin Kang, Shin Young Jeong, Ji-Hyoung Seo, Byeong-Cheol Ahn, Jaetae Lee, Kyung-Min Shin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Pulmonary drug toxicity is increasingly being diagnosed as a cause of acute and chronic lung disease. We report a case of drug-induced pneumonitis after R-CHOP therapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in which a follow-up examination F-18 FDG PET/CT showed some patchy consolidations and ground-glass opacities with diffuse FDG uptake in both lungs. Even though antibiotic management was not effective, after treatment with prednisolone the patient improved dramatically. Repeated conventional chest CT showed only minimal residual linear fibrotic opacity. After chemotherapy was changed to CHOP, complete remission was achieved without any pulmonary lesions.
Improvement in structural and functional echocardiographic parameters during chronic heart failure therapy guided by natriuretic peptides: mechanistic insights from the ProBNP Outpatient Tailored Chronic Heart Failure (PROTECT) study
Authors: Rory B. Weiner, Aaron L. Baggish, Annabel Chen‐Tournoux, Jane E. Marshall, Hanna K. Gaggin, Anju Bhardwaj, Asim A. Mohammed, Shafiq U. Rehman, Linda Barajas, Justine Barajas, Shawn A. Gregory, Stephanie A. Moore, Marc J. Semigran, James L. Januzzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Bone mineral measurements.
Authors: T. J. Cole, A. Prentice
Journal: BMJ (1992)

to sedate children that have stood the test not only of scientific investigation but also of time.Morphine, barbiturates, and the more recent additions such as fentanyl and alfentanil have all been used in critically ill patients without major problems."As propofol does not have a licence for use as an infusion in children and, at best, scientific investigation suggets that it may be detrimental in critically ill children, it seems mandatorv that this drug is not used routinely for sedating children in intensive therapy units.Cook should realise that if we use drugs before scientific investigation has shown them to be safe we have only ourselves to blame if they are later shown to cause problems.
Linking pharmacy and laboratory data to assess the appropriateness of care in patients with diabetes.
Authors: H P Wetzler, J W Snyder
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To use pharmacy and laboratory data to assess diabetes care within a medical group and between medical groups and to determine dispensing patterns and the extent to which providers change therapy based on HbA1c results. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participating groups submitted 1 year of data for continuously enrolled patients. Required data included date of birth, all diabetes-specific prescriptions (oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin), date of prescription, National Drug Code, all HbA1c values, lower and upper normal limits, and date of testing. RESULTS: Few changes in therapy were noted despite the large percentages of patients with suboptimal control. Nearly 90% of the patients treated with medications received a monotherapy regimen involving one of three therapeutic agents: sulfonylureas, metformin, or insulin. More than three-fourths of the patients remained on the same therapy during the observation period despite the fact that 27% of these patients had HbA1c values &amp;gt; or = 8%. Nearly one-fifth (18%) of patients had an HbA1c level of &amp;gt; or = 8% and no further testing for at least 90 days after the "actionable" HbA1C result was obtained. Furthermore, 54% of patients with actionable HbA1c results did not have a change in therapy initiated after the result was available. CONCLUSIONS: The American Diabetes Association recommendations to act on HbA1c values &amp;gt; or = 8% and to follow up regularly on patients found to be in suboptimal control do not appear to be applied in a consistent manner based on the pharmacy and laboratory data analyzed in this sample.
Therapeutic potential of fractalkine: a novel approach to metastatic colon cancer
Authors: M Brueckmann, M Borggrefe
Journal: Gut (2007)

Fractalkine is involved in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer and in various clinical disease states

Several experimental approaches have shown that a variety of chemokines have anti-tumour activity either by chemoattracting natural killer cells, monocytes and macrophages, or by accumulating dendritic cells.1 Accumulating evidence has shown that fractalkine (CX3CL1), the unique member of the CX3C chemokine subfamily, is involved in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer2,3 and in various clinical disease states beyond cancer, such as atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV disease and sepsis.4–6 In contrast with other chemokines, fractalkine exists in two forms, each mediating distinct biological actions.7 The membrane-anchored protein, which is expressed primarily on the endothelium, serves as an adhesion protein promoting the retention of monocytes and T cells.8 The soluble form originates from extracellular proteolysis by proteases, such as tumour necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (also known as ADAM17) and ADAM10.9 The secreted form resembles more a conventional chemokine and strongly induces chemotaxis and causes migration of natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages. Both chemotaxis and adhesion are mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor CX3CR1,10 which is present on natural killer cells, CD14+ monocytes and on some subpopulations of T cells.

In a variety of pathological conditions, fractalkine …
State Board Examination Statistics.
Authors: James U. Barnhill
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Columbus, Ohio, Sept. 4, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the statistics published in the Educational Number ofThe Journal, Aug. 25, 1906, we note some errors that affect the standing of the Ohio Medical University. In Table A, "Physicians Examined by the State Boards During the Calendar Year 1905," the Ohio Medical University is credited with three examinations in West Virginia, with one failure. The facts are, two graduates were examined there in 1905 and both passed. Joseph Nathan Freilich, who had been a student and failed of graduation, session 1904-05, registered as a graduate and failed to pass the examination. In the same table the Ohio Medical University is credited with two failures in Ohio. The only basis for this is that two of our graduates who took the examination were refused certificates for an alleged infraction of the rules. Their papers graded respectively 89 and 84 per cent.
Ultraviolet radiation and primary school children
Authors: C.C. Lyon, B. Bellis, A. Norris, P.V. Harrison
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Ultraviolet radiation and primary school children Get access C.C. Lyon, C.C. Lyon Dermatology Department, Queen Victoria Hospital, Morecambe LA4 5NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Bellis, B. Bellis Health Promotion Office, Slyne Road, Lancaster LA1 2HT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Norris, A. Norris Health Promotion Office, Slyne Road, Lancaster LA1 2HT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.V. Harrison P.V. Harrison Dermatology Department, Queen Victoria Hospital, Morecambe LA4 5NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 5, 1 May 1997, Pages 799–800, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03681.x Published: 01 May 1997
DOCAS and the BMA
Authors: R. Dyson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

DOCAS (deduction of contributions at source) is a system of collecting trade union subscriptions. The employer automatically deducts a given amount from the salary each month and sends this to the union with the names of the members concerned. DOCAS has grown rapidly in the last decade and the DHSS has issued guidance allowing NHS employing authorities to deduct subscriptions for recognised unions. Many NHS trade unions have already taken full advantage of this. The multioccupational unions such as NUPE, COHSE, NALGO, and ASTMS are either totally or almost totally committed to DOCAS and the ancillary workers' unions have already dismantled their collector systems that operated before DOCAS was available. In July 1977 the RCN became the first single-profession trade union to switch to DOCAS and since that date its membership has risen from 90 000 to 142 000. The whole of this increase cannot be attributed to the use of DOCAS but the college recognises that DOCAS has been an important factor. With the RCN's success as an incentive, other single profession unions in the NHS are now considering introducing DOCAS, especially where membership has reached less than 75% of its potential. A DOCAS system has been operating since 1950 to enable GPs to contribute to their defence trusts and recently some hospital doctors have started to contribute similarly to their trust. If the BMA could introduce DOCAS there is no question that it should boost membership.
Insulin-like Growth Factor II Induces DNA Synthesis in Fetal Ventricular Myocytes In Vitro
Authors: Qingquan Liu, Huajun Yan, Nicola J. Dawes, Giuliano A. Mottino, Joy S. Frank, Hong Zhu
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) belongs to a family of growth factors that includes insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1). Although the accumulating evidence indicates that IGF1 is involved in regulating proliferation of ventricular myocytes, the role of IGF2 is less clear. To gain more insight into the functions of IGF2, rat ventricular expression of IGF2 mRNA at four developmental stages was examined by Northern analysis. An abundant IGF2 mRNA of approximately 3.8 kb was detected in fetal ventricles. It was dramatically decreased in neonatal ventricles and became undetectable in juvenile and adult ventricles. Similar expression patterns of the mRNA encoding IGF1 receptor and IGF2 receptor were observed. Since the results of Northern analysis strongly suggest the importance of IGF2 in regulating proliferation of fetal rat ventricular myocytes, the effects of an exogenous IGF2 on DNA synthesis in cultured rat ventricular myocytes were determined. DNA synthesis, which was monitored by measuring 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and [3H]thymidine incorporation, was increased by twofold to threefold in IGF2-stimulated fetal ventricular myocytes, whereas no change in BrdU or [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed in neonatal ventricular myocytes. Instead, IGF2 seemed to induce hypertrophy in neonatal ventricular myocytes. An antisense oligonucleotide against rat IGF2 mRNA was able to significantly reduce BrdU incorporation, and this effect was quantitatively reversed by the addition of exogenous IGF2. Reversion by exogenous IGF2 was abolished by a monoclonal antibody against IGF1 receptor. In conclusion, our results suggest that IGF2 directly regulates proliferation of fetal rat ventricular myocytes in a paracrine/autocrine fashion.
Development of Biomaterials for Gene Therapy
Authors: Sang-oh Han, Ram I. Mahato, Yong Kiel Sung, Sung Wan Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Novel biocompatible polymeric gene carriers have been examined for their potential in treating various genetic and acquired diseases. The use of polymeric gene carriers may overcome the current problems associated with viral vectors in safety, immunogenicity, and mutagenesis. However, effective polymer-based gene therapy requires the control of cellular access and uptake, intracellular trafficking, and nuclear retention of plasmid DNA. Inefficient endosomal release, cytoplasmic transport, and nuclear entry of plasmids are currently limiting factors in the use of polymers for effective plasmid-based gene therapy. Therefore, several different polymeric gene carriers have been designed recently in an attempt to overcome these problems. This review explores the conceptual and experimental aspects of polymer-based gene delivery and presents an overview on the recent use of polymers to enhance the effectiveness of plasmid-based systems. Despite their current limitations, polymeric carriers have significant potential as commercially viable gene medicines.