tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies against Folate Receptors in Women with a Pregnancy Complicated by a Neural-Tube Defect
Authors: Sheldon P. Rothenberg, Maria P. da Costa, Jeffrey M. Sequeira, Joan Cracco, Jaclyn L. Roberts, Jeremy Weedon, Edward V. Quadros
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In the absence of clinical folate deficiency, periconceptional supplementation with folic acid reduces a woman's risk of having an infant with a neural-tube defect. Since antiserum to folate receptors induces embryo resorption and malformations in rats, we hypothesized that autoantibodies against folate receptors in women may be associated with pregnancy complicated by a neural-tube defect.Serum from 12 women who were or had been pregnant with a fetus with a neural-tube defect and from 24 control women (20 with current or prior normal pregnancies and 4 who were nulligravid) was analyzed for autoantibodies by incubation with human placental folate receptors radiolabeled with [3H]folic acid. The properties of these autoantibodies were characterized by incubating serum and the autoantibodies isolated from serum with placental membranes, ED27 cells, and KB cells, which express the folate receptors.Serum from 9 of 12 women with a current or previous affected pregnancy (index subjects) and 2 of 20 control subjects contained autoantibodies against folate receptors (P<0.001). The autoantibodies blocked the binding of [3H]folic acid to folate receptors on placental membranes and on ED27 and KB cells incubated at 4 degrees C and blocked the uptake of [3H]folic acid by KB cells when incubated at 37 degrees C.Serum from women with a pregnancy complicated by a neural-tube defect contains autoantibodies that bind to folate receptors and can block the cellular uptake of folate. Further study is warranted to assess whether the observed association between maternal autoantibodies against folate receptors and neural-tube defects reflects a causal relation.
Production of prostaglandin E2 induced by histamine by cloned rheumatoid synovial cells.
Authors: M Sasano, M Goto, K Nishioka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Production of prostaglandin E2, with or without histamine stimulation, by three different types of cloned rheumatoid synovial cells (macrophage like, dendritic, and fibroblast like) was evaluated. The ability of these cloned cells to respond to histamine on a cell to cell basis was as follows: macrophage like cells responded most strongly, followed by dendritic cells, followed by fibroblast like cells. Production of prostaglandin E2, stimulated by histamine, may have a role in bony destruction in rheumatoid joints.
Volunteer and clinical studies with carfecillin: a new orally administered ester of carbenicillin.
Authors: P J Wilkinson, D S Reeves, R Wise, J T Allen
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Blood and urine levels of carbenicillin were measured in 10 healthy volunteers and four patients with renal failure after single and multiple oral dose of carfecillin. Urinary levels after 1000-mg doses in healthy subjects were considered sufficient for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary infections, but the serum levels were too low for chemotherapy of systemic infections with this organism even in severe renal failure. Urinary infections were treated in 35 inpatients with a seven-day course of carfecillin. The infection was eradicated in 21 cases (60%). In 12 cases the pathogen was Ps. aeruginosa, which was eradicated from eight patients (67%). Many patients had severe urinary tract disease. Side effects were virtually absent.
Nocturnal asthma monitoring by chest wall electromyography
Authors: J. Steier, C. J. Jolley, M. I. Polkey, J. Moxham
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Patients with suboptimal asthma control often have nocturnal symptoms which wake them, causing sleep fragmentation. <h3>Objectives</h3> It was hypothesised that symptomatic patients were more accurately identified by measuring respiratory effort using chest wall electromyography than by pulmonary function testing. <h3>Methods</h3> Nocturnal electrical activity of the parasternal intercostal muscles (EMG<sub>para</sub>) in the second intercostal space was measured in subjects with controlled (diurnal peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability &lt;20%, n=12) and uncontrolled (diurnal PEF variability &gt;20%, n=12) asthma, and it was compared with that in normal subjects (n=12). <h3>Results</h3> Subjects with controlled and uncontrolled asthma did not differ significantly in age (mean (SD) 42 (17) vs 46 (17) years, p=0.64), body mass index (BMI; 26.6 (2.9) vs 27.5 (3.5) kg/m<sup>2</sup>, p=0.48) or gender distribution (males:females, 6:6 vs 7:5, p=0.68); the normal subject group was younger (27 (11) years, p=0.011) and slimmer (BMI 21.1 (2.9) kg/m<sup>2</sup>, p&lt;0.001). An elevated respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was associated with poor asthma control (RDI in normals 0.5 (0.9), in controlled asthma 4.0 (1.9), p&lt;0.001, and in poorly controlled asthma 7.4 (4.3) h<sup>−1</sup>; p&lt;0.021). Similarly, EMG<sub>para</sub>%max (normals 4.9 (3.2)%max evening, 4.9 (3.5)%max morning) was higher in controlled asthma (7.2 (2.3)%max evening, 8.1 (4.0)%max morning, p=0.049) and higher still in uncontrolled asthma (16.8 (14.2)%max in the evening, 18.4 (11.6)%max in the morning, p&lt;0.008). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Nocturnal respiratory effort is increased in those with asthma and neural respiratory drive is more variable in patients with poorly controlled asthma. Changes in the EMG<sub>para</sub> inversely reflect changes in pulmonary function tests. Measuring the EMG<sub>para</sub> offers a method to monitor asthma breath-by-breath while subjects are asleep, which could be adapted for home use.
Association of GSTT1 & M1 gene polymorphism with ageing in Northern Indian COPD and lung cancer patients
Authors: Rajni K. Shukla, Surya Kant, Sandeep Bhattacharya, Balraj Mittal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: There is increasing evidence for a close relationship between aging and chronic inflammatory diseases. COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs, which progresses very slowly and the majority of patients are therefore elderly. In this study, we assess whether age in metabolism of phase 2 enzyme gene polymorphisms GSTT1 & GSTM1 in northern Indian COPD and lung cancer Patients.  Material & Methods: In this case only study, we have enrolled 422 study subjects (218 lung cancer & 204 COPD). COPD enrolled after spirometry evaluation and lung cancer patients confirmed by Histopathology. All genotyping were done by PCR-RFLP method.  Results: GSTM1 null was found to be significantly higher in COPD patients as compared with healthy controls (OR=2.08; 95%;CI=1.40-3.09; P=0.0001), but there were no significant differences in the distribution of genotypes of polymorphisms of GSTT1 null patients and healthy controls, and in lung cancer GSTT1 null polymorphism was found to significant associated (OR=0.47; 95%; CI=0.30-0.73;P=0.001). But GSTM1 null polymorphism was not significant associated with lung cancer patients. In subgroup analysis in age, we found GSTM1 N/P polymorphism significantly associated between age 50-60 years for COPD (43.5%/21.2%,p=0.015), but in case of Lung cancer none of GSTT1/M1 null polymorphism were associated (p=0.071,p=0.934).  Conclusion: We conclude that GSTM1 null polymorphism was associated with COPD. We also observe that GSTM1 null polymorphism was associated between aging group 50 -60 years COPD patients but not in case of Lung cancer. So we can conclude that aging have affect of COPD not in lung cancer patients.
Evaluation and Management of Enuresis
Authors: W. Lane M. Robson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The parents of an 8-year-old boy bring him to the pediatrician's office for evaluation of nightly bed-wetting. He often does not void during school hours, and when he returns home after school, he usually rushes to the bathroom. He arrives home thirsty after school, and most of his daily fluid intake is in the afternoon and evening. How should this boy be evaluated and treated?
Dietary Curcumin Attenuates Glioma Growth in a Syngeneic Mouse Model by Inhibition of the JAK1,2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jakob Weissenberger, Maike Priester, Christian Bernreuther, Stefanie Rakel, Markus Glatzel, Volker Seifert, Donat Kögel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Glioblastomas are the most common and most deadly primary brain tumors. Here, we evaluated the chemotherapeutic effect of the natural polyphenol curcumin on glioma cells in vitro and in vivo using an immunocompetent orthotopic mouse model.Curcumin's effects on proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, JAK/STAT3 signaling, STAT3 target gene expression, and STAT3C rescue experiments were determined in murine glioma cell lines in vitro. Therapeutic effects of curcumin in vivo were evaluated in tumor-bearing mice fed a Western-type diet fortified with curcumin (0.05%, w/w) and in control animals. Tumor growth patterns and survival were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, morphometric analyses, and Kaplan-Meier plots.In vitro, curcumin inhibited JAK1,2/STAT3 tyrosine-phosphorylation in a dose-dependent fashion in murine glioma cell lines. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that curcumin downregulated transcription of the STAT3 target genes c-Myc, MMP-9, Snail, and Twist, and of the proliferation marker Ki67. Curcumin dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation by inducing a G2/M phase arrest. In wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays, curcumin treatment resulted in a dose-dependent attenuation of the glioma cells' migratory and invasive behavior, which could be rescued by constitutively active STAT3C. In vivo, curcumin intake reduced the growth and midline crossing of intracranially implanted tumors and proliferation of tumor cells ensuing in significant long-term survival compared with control diet.This preclinical study shows that curcumin is capable of suppressing malignant glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that the pharmacologically safe agent curcumin holds promise for clinical application in glioma therapy.
Inhibition of ALK, PI3K/MEK, and HSP90 in Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma Induced by <i>EML4-ALK</i> Fusion Oncogene
Authors: Zhao Chen, Takaaki Sasaki, Xiaohong Tan, Julian Carretero, Takeshi Shimamura, Danan Li, Chunxiao Xu, Yuchuan Wang, Guillaume O. Adelmant, Marzia Capelletti, Hyun Joo Lee, Scott J. Rodig, Christa Borgman, Seung-il Park, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Robert Padera, Jarrod A. Marto, Nathanael S. Gray, Andrew L. Kung, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Pasi A. Jänne, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Genetic rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) kinase occur in 3% to 13% of non-small cell lung cancer patients and rarely coexist with KRASor EGFR mutations. To evaluate potential treatment strategies for lung cancers driven by an activated EML4-ALK chimeric oncogene, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model that phenocopies the human disease where this rearranged gene arises. In this model, the ALK kinase inhibitor TAE684 produced greater tumor regression and improved overall survival compared with carboplatin and paclitaxel, representing clinical standard of care. 18F-FDG-PET-CT scans revealed almost complete inhibition of tumor metabolic activity within 24 hours of TAE684 exposure. In contrast, combined inhibition of the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK1/2 pathways did not result in significant tumor regression. We identified EML4-ALK in complex with multiple cellular chaperones including HSP90. In support of a functional reliance, treatment with geldanamycin-based HSP90 inhibitors resulted in rapid degradation of EML4-ALK in vitro and substantial, albeit transient, tumor regression in vivo. Taken together, our findings define a murine model that offers a reliable platform for the preclinical comparison of combinatorial treatment approaches for lung cancer characterized by ALK rearrangement.
Involvement of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Carmine Selleri, Nunzia Montuori, Patrizia Ricci, Valeria Visconte, Maria Vincenza Carriero, Nicolai Sidenius, Bianca Serio, Francesco Blasi, Bruno Rotoli, Guido Rossi, Pia Ragno
Journal: Blood (2004)
Wisconsin Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to Improve Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial, N07C2
Authors: D. L. Barton, H. Liu, S. R. Dakhil, B. Linquist, J. A. Sloan, C. R. Nichols, T. W. McGinn, P. J. Stella, G. R. Seeger, A. Sood, C. L. Loprinzi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundSafe, effective interventions to improve cancer-related fatigue (CRF) are needed because it remains a prevalent, distressing, and activity-limiting symptom. Based on pilot data, a phase III trial was developed to evaluate the efficacy of American ginseng on CRF.
Effects of a Low–Glycemic Load Diet on Resting Energy Expenditure and Heart Disease Risk Factors During Weight Loss
Authors: Mark A. Pereira, Janis Swain, Allison B. Goldfine, Nader Rifai, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Weight loss elicits physiological adaptations relating to energy intake and expenditure that antagonize ongoing weight loss.To test whether dietary composition affects the physiological adaptations to weight loss, as assessed by resting energy expenditure. DESIGN, STUDY, AND PARTICIPANTS: A randomized parallel-design study of 39 overweight or obese young adults aged 18 to 40 years who received an energy-restricted diet, either low-glycemic load or low-fat. Participants were studied in the General Clinical Research Centers of the Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass, before and after 10% weight loss. The study was conducted from January 4, 2001, to May 6, 2003.Resting energy expenditure measured in the fasting state by indirect calorimetry, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and self-reported hunger.Resting energy expenditure decreased less with the low-glycemic load diet than with the low-fat diet, expressed in absolute terms (mean [SE], 96 [24] vs 176 [27] kcal/d; P = .04) or as a proportion (5.9% [1.5%] vs 10.6% [1.7%]; P = .05). Participants receiving the low-glycemic load diet reported less hunger than those receiving the low-fat diet (P = .04). Insulin resistance (P = .01), serum triglycerides (P = .01), C-reactive protein (P = .03), and blood pressure (P = .07 for both systolic and diastolic) improved more with the low-glycemic load diet. Changes in body composition (fat and lean mass) in both groups were very similar (P = .85 and P = .45, respectively).Changes in dietary composition within prevailing norms can affect physiological adaptations that defend body weight. Reduction in glycemic load may aid in the prevention or treatment of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus.
Ciclosporin versus infliximab in patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous steroids: a parallel, open-label randomised controlled trial
Authors: David Laharie, Arnaud Bourreille, Julien Branche, Matthieu Allez, Yoram Bouhnik, Jerome Filippi, Frank Zerbib, Guillaume Savoye, Maria Nachury, Jacques Moreau, Jean-Charles Delchier, Jacques Cosnes, Elena Ricart, Olivier Dewit, Antonio Lopez-Sanroman, Jean-Louis Dupas, Franck Carbonnel, Gilles Bommelaer, Benoit Coffin, Xavier Roblin, Gert Van Assche, Maria Esteve, Martti Färkkilä, Javier P Gisbert, Philippe Marteau, Stephane Nahon, Martine de Vos, Denis Franchimont, Jean-Yves Mary, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Marc Lémann
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Before and After Morton
Authors: E. A. Underwood
Journal: BMJ (1946)

On October 16, 1946, the world will celebrate the centenary of the advent of surgical anaesthesia as a practical measure.The man was W. T. G. Morton; the country, the United States of America.As in the case of most great practical discoveries, -there had been forerunners who, with little success themselves, laid the stepping-stones without which the stream dividing the -impracticable from the practicable could not have been crossed.Many of these forerunners were British, and it is a happy coincidence that the city in which Morton's courage enabled him to succeed in the supreme test was Boston, Massachusetts-named after its spiritual parent in East Anglia.But Morton's success was not due to a lucky accident.His immediate predecessors were all American.Leake (1945) has recently suggested that it was *not by chance that the problem happened to be solved on the other side of the Atlantic, since ;in 1846 the American nation was still partly in the pioneer- ing state; and since the chief ,problems in medical practice were surgical, surgeons were always on the watch for some- thing to relieve the pain which hampered their operations.It
Study of oral, ear, nose and throat involvement in pemphigus vulgaris by endoscopic examination
Authors: S. Fernández, A. España, M. Navedo, L. Barona
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Study of oral, ear, nose and throat involvement in pemphigus vulgaris by endoscopic examination Get access S. Fernández, S. Fernández Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. España, A. España Dermatology, Unit of Autoimmune Blistering Skin Diseases, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, PO Box 4209, Pamplona 31080, Navarra, Spain Agustín España. E‐mail: aespana@unav.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Navedo, M. Navedo Dermatology, Unit of Autoimmune Blistering Skin Diseases, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, PO Box 4209, Pamplona 31080, Navarra, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Barona L. Barona Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue 5, 1 November 2012, Pages 1011–1016, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11098.x Published: 01 November 2012 Article history Accepted: 30 May 2012 Published: 01 November 2012
Regulation of cytokine expression in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells by prostaglandin I2 analogues
Authors: C-H. Hung, Y-T. Chu, J-L. Suen, M-S. Lee, H-W. Chang, Y-C. Lo, Y-J. Jong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are critical in controlling adaptive immunity, but the mechanisms governing cytokine expression remain incompletely defined. Analogues of prostaglandin (PG)I 2 , such as iloprost, can modulate functions of myeloid dendritic cells, but their involvement in the regulation of human pDCs remains unknown. To this end, the regulatory role of PGI 2 analogues on cytokine expression in pDCs was investigated. Circulating pDCs were magnetically sorted with BDCA-4 cell isolation kits from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with varying concentrations of iloprost with or without the addition of Toll-like receptor agonists, or an I prostanoid (IP) receptor antagonist, CAY10449. The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 were measured by ELISA. Iloprost induced IL-10 expression, but suppressed CpG oligodeoxynucleotide- (or imiquimod-) induced TNF-α and IFN-α production in pDCs. This effect was reversed by the addition of CAY10449. Forskolin, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate activator, conferred a similar modulating effect to that noted in iloprost-treated pDCs, although a higher concentration of forskolin was required to exert the same effect. Iloprost enhanced interleukin-10 and suppressed Toll-like receptor-mediated tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-α production of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells via the I prostanoid receptor and, in part, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway.
Effect of Reduction in the Use of Computed Tomography on Clinical Outcomes of Appendicitis
Authors: Richard G. Bachur, Jason A. Levy, Michael J. Callahan, Shawn J. Rangel, Michael C. Monuteaux
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Advanced diagnostic imaging is commonly used in the evaluation of suspected appendicitis in children. Despite its inferior diagnostic performance, ultrasonography (US) is now preferred to computed tomography (CT) owing to concerns about ionizing radiation exposure. With changes in imaging modalities, the influence on outcomes should be assessed.To review trends in the use of US and CT for children with appendicitis and to investigate simultaneous changes in the proportions of negative appendectomy, appendiceal perforation, and emergency department (ED) revisits.We reviewed the Pediatric Health Information System administrative database for children who presented to the ED with the diagnosis of appendicitis or who underwent an appendectomy in 35 US pediatric institutions from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2013.We studied the use of US and CT for trends and their association with negative appendectomy, appendiceal perforation, and 3-day ED revisits.Our investigation included 52,153 children with appendicitis. Use of US increased 46% (from 24.0% in 2010 to 35.3% in 2013; absolute difference, 11.3%; adjusted test for linear trend, P = .02), whereas use of CT decreased 48% (from 21.4% in 2010 to 11.6% in 2013; absolute difference, -9.8%; adjusted test for linear trend, P < .001). The proportion of negative appendectomy declined during the 4-year study period from 4.7% in 2010 to 3.6% in 2013 (test for linear trend, P = .002), whereas the proportion of perforations (32.3% in 2010 to 31.9% in 2013) and ED revisits (5.6% in 2010 and 2013) did not change (adjusted tests for linear trend, P = .64 and P = .84, respectively).Among children with suspected appendicitis, the use of US imaging has increased substantially as the use of CT has declined. Despite the increased reliance on the diagnostically inferior US, important condition-specific quality measures, including the frequency of appendiceal perforation and ED revisits, remained stable, and the proportion of negative appendectomy declined slightly.
From ATP to PTP and Back
Authors: Paolo Bernardi, Fabio Di Lisa, Federico Fogolari, Giovanna Lippe
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Mitochondria not only play a fundamental role in heart physiology but are also key effectors of dysfunction and death. This dual role assumes a new meaning after recent advances on the nature and regulation of the permeability transition pore, an inner membrane channel whose opening requires matrix Ca(2+) and is modulated by many effectors including reactive oxygen species, matrix cyclophilin D, Pi (inorganic phosphate), and matrix pH. The recent demonstration that the F-ATP synthase can reversibly undergo a Ca(2+)-dependent transition to form a channel that mediates the permeability transition opens new perspectives to the field. These findings demand a reassessment of the modifications of F-ATP synthase that take place in the heart under pathological conditions and of their potential role in determining the transition of F-ATP synthase from and energy-conserving into an energy-dissipating device.
Academic Affiliation and Physician Mortality
Authors: Samuel Casscells
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A long-standing interest in the role of stress in the cause of coronary heart disease and a recent interest in the stress of internship application led me to make some calculations that may be of interest to fellow applicants at all levels. The obituary notices of the<i>Harvard Medical Alumni Bulletin</i>(November 1974 to October 1977) provided a means of dividing all 215 male physicians into two groups: those who had been full-time generalist or specialist practitioners and those who had had academic affiliations. Longevity of the two groups was compared. The 125 in practice lived an average of 48.9 years beyond graduation, compared with 43.2 years for the 90 academicians, a difference of 5.7 years (<i>P</i>&lt;.005 by the<i>t</i>-test). Subdividing the latter into 49 full-time and 41 part-time teachers or researchers gave figures of 43.0 and 43.5 years, respectively. Though it is true that