tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in childhood.
Authors: S Stewart-Brown, M Haslum, N Butler
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the cohort of children in the Child Health and Education Study studied at age 10 was 1.3/1000. Comparison with prevalences found in the two previous British birth cohort studies suggested that the prevalence of diabetes is doubling roughly every decade. The data suggested that childhood diabetics are a socially advantaged group. These findings have important implications and should be taken into account by health service planners if the needs of these children are to be met in the future.
American Anti-Tuberculosis League.
Authors: Dunbar Roy
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Atlanta, Ga., April 9, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Our southern papers, especially those of Atlanta, are filled with announcements of the coming meeting of the "Anti-Tuberculosis League" which convenes in this city on the 17th, 18th and 19th of this month. The city council has voted $500.00 for their entertainment, and it is announced that there will be representatives from all the foreign countries, besides representatives from every state in the Union appointed by the governors. Since very few of the profession know the standing and status of this "Anti-Tuberculosis League" and since such an international convention will assemble so soon in this portion of the South, it has seemed strange thatThe Journal, representative of the medical profession of the United States, has not made some mention of this meeting and the profession thus made cognizant of such an important international event. Dr. Geo. Brown of this city is
Correction: Error in Table
Authors: Guy W. Soo Hoo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1990Correction: Error in TableGuy W. Soo Hoo, MDGuy W. Soo Hoo, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-7-561_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn Table 3 of the article on inhaled and intravenous pentamidine therapy forPneumocystis cariniipneumonia in AIDS (1), the first variable in the left column should be PaO2, not PaCO2....Reference1. Soo Hoo G, Mohsenifar Z, and Meyer R. Inhaled or intravenous pentamidine therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:195-202. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Guy W. Soo Hoo, MDAffiliations: Wadsworth Veterans Medical Center Los Angeles, CA 90073 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1990Volume 113, Issue 7 Page: 561-561 Keywords AIDS Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chemotherapeutic Agents Augment TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Takenari Yamanaka, Katsuya Shiraki, Kazushi Sugimoto, Takeshi Ito, Katsuhiko Fujikawa, Masaaki Ito, Koujiro Takase, Masami Moriyama, Takeshi Nakano, Atsushi Suzuki
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in various transformed cell lines but not in almost-normal tissues. It is regulated by 2 death receptors, TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) and TRAIL-R2, and 2 decoy receptors, TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4. We investigated the expression of TRAIL-R– and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). TRAIL-R1, -R2, and -R4 were expressed in 6 HCC cell lines examined, but TRAIL-R3 was expressed in only 2 of the 6 cell lines. In addition, immunohistochemical results revealed a high and prevalent expression of TRAIL-R1 and -R2 in human HCC tissues. Despite the expression of TRAIL-R1 and -R2, all 6 HCC cell lines showed resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis with no relation to nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) levels induced by TRAIL. TRAIL-induced death signal was inhibited with both decreased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activity. However, TRAIL induced significant apoptosis in the presence of a subtoxic level of actinomycin D, indicating that the TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway is in place in these cell lines. In addition, we found that treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicin and camptothecin, dramatically augmented TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity in most of the HCC cell lines. Actinomycin D and camptothecin almost completely suppressed NF-κB induction by TRAIL, whereas doxorubicin had little effect. These results indicate that TRAIL, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of human HCC.
Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Authors: M J Hare
Journal: BMJ (1986)

This article reviews current knowledge on the diagnosis pathogenesis epidemiology treatment and prognosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).  Since PID has important implications for future health and fertility its diagnosis and management are of utmost importance.  A recent study of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of PID indicated that even when as many as 7 reliable symptoms and signs were present there was still possibility for diagnostic error.  This has led some to advocate diagnostic laparoscopy.  In older women IUD users and women who have recently delivered or undergone pelvic surgery endogenous organisms are more likely to be the initial infecting agents.  Treatment of PID should be begun before the results of microbiological investigations are available and should cover a wide spectrum of organisms.  The authors preference is a combination of penicillin or ampicillin in high dose gentamicin and rectal metronidazole.  Follow up treatment with tetracycline or erythromycin is needed to eradicate chlamydial infection.  The author also prefers to remove an IUD in place once antibiotic cover has been established.  The longterm prognosis in such cases is not good especially after nongonococcal PID.  25% of a group of 415 PID patients followed for 10 years had reinfections and 18% suffered chronic pelvic pain.  21% were involuntarily infertile and tubal occlusion rates rose from 13% after 1 attack to 75% in those who had been infected 3 or more times.  When PID patients did become pregnant ectopic pregnancy was 6 times more common than in a group of matched controls.
270 TREATMENT OF EARLY STAGE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN CHILD–PUGH A CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS NOT CANDIDATES FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: RESECTION VERSUS RADIOFREQUENCY, OUTCOME AND COSTS
Authors: R. Rota, J. Castellote, E. Dueñas, G. Ibañez, A. Lopez, R. Barranco, J. Nin, E. Ramos, C. Valls, X. Xiol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention
Authors: Marshall Godwin
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Canadian patients threaten to sue over cancelled operations
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A Quebec patients' rights group is hoping to launch a $C3.3m (£1.4m; $2.3m; €2.1m) lawsuit against medical specialists who withheld their services on three occasions in November and December last year and in January, leading to postponement of thousands of scheduled surgeries.

Paul Brunet, head of the Council for Patients' Protection, is …
Targeting Hsp90 with small molecule inhibitors induces the over-expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule, survivin, in human A549, HONE-1 and HT-29 cancer cells
Authors: Chun Hei Antonio Cheung, Huang-Hui Chen, Li-Ting Cheng, Kevin W. Lyu, Jagat R. Kanwar, Jang-Yang Chang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Survivin is a dual functioning protein. It inhibits the apoptosis of cancer cells by inhibiting caspases, and also promotes cancer cell growth by stabilizing microtubules during mitosis. Since the molecular chaperone Hsp90 binds and stabilizes survivin, it is widely believed that down-regulation of survivin is one of the important therapeutic functions of Hsp90 inhibitors such as the phase III clinically trialed compound 17-AAG. However, Hsp90 interferes with a number of molecules that up-regulate the intracellular level of survivin, raising the question that clinical use of Hsp90 inhibitors may indirectly induce survivin expression and subsequently enhance cancer anti-drug responses. The purpose of this study is to determine whether targeting Hsp90 can alter survivin expression differently in different cancer cell lines and to explore possible mechanisms that cause the alteration in survivin expression. Results Here, we demonstrated that Hsp90 inhibitors, geldanamycin and 17-AAG, induced the over-expression of survivin in three different human cancer cell lines as shown by Western blotting. Increased survivin mRNA transcripts were observed in 17-AAG and geldanamycin-treated HT-29 and HONE-1 cancer cells. Interestingly, real-time PCR and translation inhibition studies revealed that survivin was over-expressed partially through the up-regulation of protein translation instead of gene transcription in A549 cancer cells. In addition, 17-AAG-treated A549, HONE-1 and HT-29 cells showed reduced proteasomal activity while inhibition of 26S proteasome activity further increased the amount of survivin protein in cells. At the functional level, down-regulation of survivin by siRNA further increased the drug sensitivity to 17-AAG in the tested cancer cell lines. Conclusions We showed for the first time that down-regulation of survivin is not a definite therapeutic function of Hsp90 inhibitors. Instead, targeting Hsp90 with small molecule inhibitors will induce the over-expression of survivin in certain cancer cell lines and subsequently enhances the ability of cell survival in drug-treated situations. The current study suggests that dual inhibition of Hsp90 and survivin may be warranted.
European and US groups draw up standards for CME
Authors: Anne Harding
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Representatives of medical education accreditors in the United States and Europe have developed the first global standards for continuing medical education (CME) and are hoping the one page document will improve the quality of medical education, rein in pharmaceutical companies' influence, and, ultimately, foster the free movement of doctors across borders.

“Free movement is a mark of success, a useful objective,” said Dr Murray Kopelow, who helped develop the new standards and is chief executive officer of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, the United States's main accrediting body for medical education. “Then we can spend energy on teaching and learning, and not on accreditation.”

Dr Kopelow and representatives of the American Medical Association, the European Union of Medical Specialists, and …
Failure to tackle AIDS puts millions at risk of starvation
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Millions of people are on the brink of starvation in southern Africa, warns the UnitedNations this week, partly because attempts to limit the spread of HIV have failed. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has left millions of agricultural workers dead, land unfarmed, and families with no money to buy food, it says, and unless concerted action is taken now to stem the spread of AIDS many other regions could face similar crises in the future.

According to a report by UNAIDS (the joint UN programme on HIV and AIDS) and the WorldHealth Organization, nearly one in five …
Abstract P4-06-10: Altered Activity of RhoA and RhoC GTPases Phosphorylate C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase and Induce Cellular Dormancy in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: M Chatterjee, KL van Golen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor dormancy has been a very real problem in breast cancer survivors where recurrences are common and usually fatal. Molecular mechanisms involved in this process are often poorly understood and are a “hot-spot” in breast cancer research today. Ongoing efforts in our laboratory has shown that Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA and RhoC, play a significant role in dormancy of breast cancer. We have currently established two in vitro models of breast tumor dormancy — one involving growth of the breast cancer cell line MCF7 on fibronectin and subsequent treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor and the other involving treatment of MCF7 cells with the farnesyl transferase inhibitor FTI-L-744,832. In both these models, we find high levels of active RhoC and almost undetectable levels of active RhoA GTPases in quiescent breast tumor cells. Investigating further downstream we found c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is phosphorylated in these dormant cells but not p38mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) or extracellular signalregulated kinase(ERK1/2). On inhibiting JNK with a pharmacological inhibitor specific for JNK, SP600125, we found dormancy could be interrupted and cell proliferation was induced. JNK has been implicated in inducing autophagy in cells by activating autophagy gene Atg5 and Beclin1 (BCN1) [Byun et al., Carcinogenesis, 2009]. Since autophagy can be a mode of survival for the dormant tumor cell [Matthew et al., Cancer Cell, 2006] we explored the possibility of autophagy being induced in these dormant tumor cells via JNK by employing the autophagy marker LC3-II. We found upregulation of the autophagy marker, thus revealing autophagy as a strategy for survival for these tumor cells in unfavorable tumor microenvironment. We are currently investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of dormancy in breast tumor cells by Rho GTPases through JNK and the dormant tumor survival strategy through autophagy. We believe that targeting these implicated molecules like RhoA and RhoC GTPases, JNK or some of the autophagy genes might yield therapeutic benefits for breast cancer patients in remission and wipe out fears of deadly metastatic recurrences thus prolonging survival. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-10.
α-1-Antitrypsin (AAT)–modified donor cells suppress GVHD but enhance the GVL effect: a role for mitochondrial bioenergetics
Authors: A. Mario Marcondes, Ekapun Karoopongse, Marina Lesnikova, Daciana Margineantu, Tobias Welte, Charles A. Dinarello, David Hockenbery, Sabina Janciauskiene, H. Joachim Deeg
Journal: Blood (2014)
Medical Licensure Statistics for 1967
Authors: C. H. William Ruhe
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Chemical Genetics Approach for the Functional Assessment of Novel Cancer Genes
Authors: Qianhe Zhou, Adnan Derti, David Ruddy, Daniel Rakiec, Iris Kao, Michelle Lira, Veronica Gibaja, HoMan Chan, Yi Yang, Junxia Min, Michael R. Schlabach, Frank Stegmeier
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Assessing the functional significance of novel putative oncogenes remains a significant challenge given the limitations of current loss-of-function tools. Here, we describe a method that employs TALEN or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of inducible degron tags (Degron-KI) that provides a versatile approach for the functional characterization of novel cancer genes and addresses many of the shortcomings of current tools. The Degron-KI system allows for highly specific, inducible, and allele-targeted inhibition of endogenous protein function, and the ability to titrate protein depletion with this system is able to better mimic pharmacologic inhibition compared with RNAi or genetic knockout approaches. The Degron-KI system was able to faithfully recapitulate the effects of pharmacologic EZH2 and PI3Kα inhibitors in cancer cell lines. The application of this system to the study of a poorly understood putative oncogene, SF3B1, provided the first causal link between SF3B1 hotspot mutations and splicing alterations. Surprisingly, we found that SF3B1-mutant cells are not dependent upon the mutated allele for in vitro growth, but instead depend upon the function of the remaining wild-type alleles. Collectively, these results demonstrate the broad utility of the Degron-KI system for the functional characterization of cancer genes.
Association of Global DNA Methylation and Global DNA Hydroxymethylation with Metals and Other Exposures in Human Blood DNA Samples
Authors: Maria Tellez-Plaza, Wan-yee Tang, Yan Shang, Jason G. Umans, Kevin A. Francesconi, Walter Goessler, Marta Ledesma, Montserrat Leon, Martin Laclaustra, Jonathan Pollak, Eliseo Guallar, Shelley A. Cole, M. Dani Fallin, Ana Navas-Acien
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

The association between human blood DNA global methylation and global hydroxymethylation has not been evaluated in population-based studies. No studies have evaluated environmental determinants of global DNA hydroxymethylation, including exposure to metals.We evaluated the association between global DNA methylation and global DNA hydroxymethylation in 48 Strong Heart Study participants for which selected metals had been measured in urine at baseline and DNA was available from 1989-1991 (visit 1) and 1998-1999 (visit 3).We measured the percentage of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in samples using capture and detection antibodies followed by colorimetric quantification. We explored the association of participant characteristics (i.e., age, adiposity, smoking, and metal exposure) with both global DNA methylation and global DNA hydroxymethylation.The Spearman's correlation coefficient for 5-mC and 5-hmC levels was 0.32 (p = 0.03) at visit 1 and 0.54 (p < 0.001) at visit 3. Trends for both epigenetic modifications were consistent across potential determinants. In cross-sectional analyses, the odds ratios of methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA were 1.56 (95% CI: 0.95, 2.57) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.88), respectively, for the comparison of participants above and below the median percentage of dimethylarsinate. The corresponding odds ratios were 1.64 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.65) and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.94), respectively, for the comparison of participants above and below the median cadmium level. Arsenic exposure and metabolism were consistently associated with both epigenetic markers in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. The positive correlation of 5-mC and 5-hmC levels was confirmed in an independent study population.Our findings support that both epigenetic measures are related at the population level. The consistent trends in the associations between these two epigenetic modifications and the characteristics evaluated, especially arsenic exposure and metabolism, suggest the need for understanding which of the two measures is a better biomarker for environmental epigenetic effects in future large-scale epidemiologic studies.
Psychology and Medical Care
Authors: Elissa P. Benedek
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This basic psychology text written by two English authors is an attempt to "provide a basic grounding in psychology" that is "presented in such a way as to draw out the relevance of the subject to medicine." The text is indeed basic and is a mixture of material appropriate for freshman psychology and introductory psychology in a medical school classroom. Moving from the external environment to the internal environment, the authors mix research studies with personal experiences in patient care. There is a large section on the social context that discusses in some depth current thinking on the "sick role." Part 2 of the book is devoted to human development and is an overview of a person's early social relationships, focusing on parent-infant interaction, bonding, and separation. An overview of human sexuality follows, and finally a chapter on adjustment to life changes concludes that section. Part 3 focuses on doctor-patient
2,3-BUTANEDIOL: AN UNUSUAL METABOLITE IN THE SERUM OF SEVERELY ALCOHOLIC MEN DURING ACUTE INTOXICATION
Authors: DavidD. Rutstein, RitaJ. Nickerson, AndrewA. Vernon, Punyamurtula Kishore, RichardL. Veech, MichaelE. Felver, LarryL. Needham, StephenB. Thacker
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Influenza: Prospects for Control
Authors: Robert B. Couch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Influenza is a disease of antiquity that annually imposes a major burden of morbidity and mortality. The available inactivated vaccine is effective for preventing influenza and the serious disease and death that can accompany it. However, annual recommendations for vaccination among persons at risk have never been adequately implemented. This remains the most pressing current need for control of influenza. Amantadine, rimantadine, and the newly available drugs zanamivir and oseltamivir are effective for influenza prevention and treatment (the former two for influenza A only). The availability of four antiviral agents that effectively prevent and treat influenza provides the physician with considerable flexibility for their use in influenza control. Optimal application of the currently available vaccine and antiviral agents should substantially reduce the impact of influenza. Other methods for influenza treatment and control are under development, and a live attenuated vaccine with substantial potential for control is nearing approval. However, better inactivated vaccines, better rapid diagnostic tests, and an increased understanding of options for use of antiviral agents are still needed. When all of these things are available and optimally applied, effective control of influenza should result. The prospect is compelling. Full participation by the practicing physician will be necessary to achieve this goal.