tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood leukaemia in US may have risen due to fallout from Chernobyl
Authors: J. J Mangano
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor-Although numerous reports have uncovered a sharp rise in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer starting five years after the accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986, no increases have been documented for childhood leukaemia. Children aged under 15 years in Belarus, Finland, and Sweden–countries hit badly by fallout from the disaster–have shown no significant increases in leukaemia after April 1986.1 2 3

A recent report based on statistics from Greece, which received relatively low level fallout from Chernobyl, uncovered a significant excess of leukaemia in children aged under 1 year exposed to fallout in utero–that is, those …
Aggressive action of lymphocytes in vitro--investigation of their property in relation to inflammatory joint disease.
Authors: I C MacLennan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

This contrasted significantly (P< 0-01) with a mean rise in the placebo group of 2,000 cells/c.mm.(S.D.+2,100).There was no important overall difference in the haemoglobin, the platelets, the E.S.R., the titre ofthe latex tests, the strength of grip, or the blood pressures between the two groups.Discussion.-DR.G.D. KERSLEY (Bath): reportedthathe had treated 21 cases of severe rheumatoid arthritis, un- controlled by a reasonable dose of steroids, with azathio- prine.Nine patients improved during the period of treatment, and in four the dose of corticosteroid was lowered.Leucopenia, which was corrected on withdrawal of the drug, occurred in one case.Gastrointestinal symp- toms were the most consistent and troublesome side- effects.DR.J. A. MATrHEws (St.Thomas's Hospital) asked if it were possible from the data to say whether azathioprine was suppressing the disease directly or was potentiating the action of corticosteroids.DR. DuNNE suggested that on the evidence available azathioprine exerted a direct suppressive effect on the disease.* Pronestyl.
Low-dose heparin prophylaxis against fatal pulmonary embolism.
Authors: S Sagar, J Massey, J M Sanderson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A prospective randomised controlled trial in 500 patients over the age of 50 who were undergoing major surgery showed that low-dose subcutaneous heparin was an effective prophylactic measure against fatal pulmonary embolism. None of the 252 patients who received perioperative heparin cover died of fatal pulmonary embolism while eight of the 236 who did not receive heparin prophylaxis died of fatal pulmonary embolism. These results were statiscally significant (P less than 0.01).
Unusual Distribution of Radiocolloid and Radiogallium in a Case of Bile Leakage From a T-tube
Authors: HEMALATHA RAO, JAMES D. SLAVIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Complication d'une cholangiographie par tube en T pratiquee 4 jours apres cholecystectomie pour lithiase chez un homme de 67 ans
Heat Intolerance in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia Maintained With Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: Haggai Hermesh, Roni Shiloh, Yoram Epstein, Hillel Manaim, Abraham Weizman, Hanan Munitz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Schizophrenia may be associated with hyperthermic syndromes such as febrile catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and heatstroke. The authors hypothesized that an exercise-heat tolerance test would disclose abnormal thermoregulation in schizophrenic patients.Seven male schizophrenic outpatients in remission maintained on depot antipsychotic treatment and eight healthy comparison subjects completed a heat tolerance test that consisted of two 50-minute bouts of walking a motor-driven treadmill at 40xC (relative humidity=40%).A significantly higher rise in rectal and skin temperatures was observed in the patient group. No differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or perspiration were detected.Schizophrenic patients maintained on antipsychotic drugs exhibit impaired heat tolerance. Possible explanations are a reduced ability to convey heat from the body's core to the periphery with or without excessive heat production. The hyperthermic response to the heat tolerance test may reflect a dysfunction associated with schizophrenia, a neuroleptic-induced side effect, or both.
Effectiveness of Platelet Releasate for the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathic Foot Ulcers
Authors: David J. Margolis, Jonathan Kantor, Jill Santanna, Brian L. Strom, Jesse A. Berlin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—The goal of this study was to specifically estimate the effectiveness of platelet releasate, a widely available treatment administered by a proprietary group of wound care centers (WCCs) for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Treatment effectiveness was estimated in a retrospective cohort study controlling for treatment selection bias using logistic regression–derived propensity scores. RESULTS—Platelet releasate was more effective than standard care. The relative risk for a wound to heal after treatment with platelet releasate compared with standard care at a WCC varied from 1.14 (95% CI 1.03–1.27) to 1.59 (1.49–1.70). The effect was greatest in those with the most severe wounds, i.e., large wounds that affect deeper anatomical structures. CONCLUSIONS—Within the limitations of the ability of propensity score analysis to control for selection bias, platelet releasate is more effective than standard therapy. This effect is more pronounced in more severe wounds. Unfortunately, severe wounds have not been evaluated in randomized clinical trials of new interventions. We encourage the inclusion of these patients in future trials.
Dietary Patterns and Risk for Diabetes
Authors: Eva Erber, Beth N. Hopping, Andrew Grandinetti, Song-Yi Park, Laurence N. Kolonel, Gertraud Maskarinec
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE The high diabetes incidence among Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians cannot be explained by BMI. Therefore, we examined the influence of three dietary patterns of “fat and meat,” “vegetables,” and “fruit and milk” on diabetes risk in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort with 29,759 Caucasians, 35,244 Japanese Americans, and 10,509 Native Hawaiians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects aged 45–75 years completed a baseline food frequency questionnaire. After 14 years of follow-up, 8,587 subjects with incident diabetes were identified through self-reports or health plan linkages. Risk was assessed using Cox regression stratified by age and adjusted for ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, education, total energy, smoking, alcohol intake, marital status, and hypertension. RESULTS Fat and meat was significantly associated with diabetes risk in men (hazard ratio 1.40 [95% CI 1.23–1.60], Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.0001) and women (1.22 [1.06–1.40], Ptrend = 0.004) when extreme quintiles were compared. Except in Hawaiian women, the magnitude of the risk was similar across ethnic groups although not always significant. After stratification by BMI, fat and meat remained a predictor of disease primarily among overweight men and among overweight Japanese women. Vegetables lowered diabetes risk in men (0.86 [0.77–0.95], Ptrend = 0.004) but not in women, whereas fruit and milk seemed to be more beneficial in women (0.85 [0.76–0.96], Ptrend = 0.005) than in men (0.92 [0.83–1.02], Ptrend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Foods high in meat and fat appear to confer a higher diabetes risk in all ethnic groups, whereas the effects of other dietary patterns vary by sex and ethnicity.
A CASE of ACUTE STREPTOCOCCAL ENTERITIS
Authors: W. C. C. Pakes, J. W. Washbourn
Journal: BMJ (1898)

THE case we are about to describe is of interest, on account of its resemblance to cases of so-called ptomaine poisoning.We are indebted to Dr. J. W. F. Jewell, of Balham, who had charge of the patient, for the following history of the case:Clinical History.-Agentleman travelled by train from Scotland to London.On the journey he partook of tinned fruit, and was seized, some six hours later, with vague pains in the abdomen.The pains gradually increased, and in fifteen hours after the first symptoms intense diarrhoea and vomiting supervened.When first seen by Dr. Jewell, twenty-five hours after the onset, he was completely collapsed, but conscious, and complained of agonising pain in the abdo- men and over the region of the heart.The pulse was scarcely perceptible and the heart sounds were almost inaudible, the respirations 6o a minute, the lips blue, the face congested, the temperature in the groin was 1050.Brandy and milk were administered by the mouth, and , gr. of morphine was given
The use of nanoparticulate delivery systems in metronomic chemotherapy
Authors: De-Hong Yu, Fu-Qiang Ban, Mei Zhao, Qin Lu, Jonathan F. Lovell, Fan Bai, Chao Wang, Ying-Yun Guan, Xin Luan, Ya-Rong Liu, Chao Fang, Hong-Zhuan Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Pulmonary Amyloidosis: Detection With PET-CT
Authors: Ahuva Grubstein, David Shitrit, Einat Even Sapir, Maya Cohen, Mordechai R Kramer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

F-18 deoxyfluoroglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET CT) is a sensitive method for diagnosis and follow up of lung cancer and lymphoma. Three patients with pulmonary amyloidosis who underwent PET CT scans are reported. Two cases had increased uptake of FDG. In one, the pathologic diagnosis was an underlying lymphoma. The second was diagnosed as localized pulmonary amyloidoma with positive uptake of FDG. The third case, despite having low-grade lymphoma with associated secondary amyloidosis, did not show uptake of FDG. PET CT scans may be positive in pulmonary amyloidosis. This could be related to the B-lymphocytes producing the light chains with varying degrees of malignant transformation of the cells. We conclude that pulmonary amyloidosis should be added as a possible false-positive when suspecting pulmonary malignancy. Nevertheless, when uptake is highly positive, the possibility of amyloid producing lymphoma should be considered.
Emergency Medicine: A Clinical Approach to Challenging Problems
Authors: Mickey Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Emergency medicine, despite its youth as a recognized specialty, already has its share of major textbooks, journals, and study guides, and several therapeutic manuals. Now beginning to appear are textbooks that supplement material only partially covered in other textbooks. One such book is<i>Emergency Medicine: A Clinical Approach to Challenging Problems</i>by Greenberg and Roberts. The authors' stated goal is to present factual and therapeutically useful information on uncommon but critical clinical situations. The book's 19 chapters cover such diverse topics as intussusception, diving casualties, ergotism, radiation accidents, toxic gas and vapor exposure, trauma in pregnant women, and emergencies in dialysis patients. The material is generally well written and therapeutically useful, although the chapters suffer from the usual problems of a multiauthored collection (21 authors). Chapters dealing with uncommon problems of drug abuse and of alcoholism are exceptionally well done. Several chapters, such as "Radiation Accidents" and "Diving Casualties," present
Neuropathy in Hemophilia
Authors: Allen Silverstein
Journal: JAMA (1964)

INTRA-ARTICULAR and intramuscular hemorrhages are well recognized as frequent causes for disability in patients with hemophilia. Another less common cause for impaired motility of an extremity in a hemophiliac is involvement of a peripheral nerve by hemorrhage. The purposes of this communication are to report the incidence and nature of the peripheral nerve lesions observed in 206 patients with hemophilia; to review the pertinent literature; and to discuss briefly the pathogenesis, management, and prognosis of this somewhat neglected complication of hemophilia. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The 206 hemophiliacs were all admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York. The criteria employed for the diagnosis of hemophilia have been presented elsewhere.<sup>1</sup>Deficiency of factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component) was demonstrated in 17 patients and of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor XI) in 6. The remainder were deficient in factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) or were hospitalized at a time when facilities for determining
Clinicopathologic analysis of ocular adnexal lymphomas: Extranodal marginal zone b‐cell lymphoma constitutes the vast majority of ocular lymphomas among Koreans and affects younger patients
Authors: Eun Yoon Cho, Jae Joon Han, Howe Jung Ree, Young Hyeh Ko, Yoon‐koo Kang, Hyo Sook Ahn, Seung Do Ahn, Chan Jeoung Park, Jooryung Huh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract The majority of ocular adnexal lymphomas (OAL) are primary marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas (MALT lymphomas). The present study correlated the clinicopathological variables with the histologic subtypes by World Health Organization (WHO) classification with emphasis on MALT lymphomas in OALs of Koreans. There were 68 cases (31 males and 37 females), with a mean age of 45.9 years (range 7–89 years). Histologically, 61 MALT‐type, 2 diffuse large B‐cell (DLBCL), 2 mantle cell type (MCL), 1 anaplastic large‐cell (ALCL), and 2 NK/T‐cell lymphomas (NK/T‐L) were counted among them. Fifty‐seven were primary cases (P‐OAL), and 11 were secondary cases (S‐OAL). Nearly all P‐OALs were MALT lymphomas ( n = 56, 98%), with an exception of 1 MCL. Eleven S‐OALs included 5 MALT type, 2 DLBCL, 1 ALCL, 1 MCL, and 2 NK/T‐L. All MALT lymphoma patients were alive ( n = 59) except for 2 after a mean duration of follow‐up of 27.6 months (range: 0–108 months): one died of an unrelated cause and one died of recurrence. One non‐MALT type P‐OAL was alive with no evidence of disease (42 months). Of the 11 S‐OAL, 4 had marrow involvement and 5 had progression or relapse outside the orbit. Compared with the other subtypes, MALT lymphoma was more likely to present with local disease ( P = 0.001), achieve complete remission (CR) (0.022), and be alive at last follow‐up (0.197), and less likely to experience recurrence ( P = 0.06). In conclusion, OALs in Koreans are characterized by a preponderance of primary lymphomas over systemic lymphomas, striking predominance of MALT type lymphomas, and young age of occurrence. Histologic subtype by WHO classification has a significant correlation with the final outcome, with the most favorable outcome associated with OALs of the MALT type. Am. J. Hematol. 73:87–96, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Private rest homes in the care of the elderly.
Authors: K Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Sixteen private rest homes were visited to assess their facilities and the types of disability of the residents. Apart from one home, which was a hotel for the elderly, all the homes provided care for physically and mentally frail elderly people over the long term. Although care was good the trends in the use of the homes are worrying, and stricter regulations are required to ensure appropriate levels of care. Greater support is also required from district nursing services.
Cigarette Smoking and the in Vitro Thrombosis of Human Blood
Authors: Hyman Engelberg
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In 1958, Chandler<sup>1</sup>described a simple method for the production of a true platelet-head thrombus in vitro. Recalcified whole blood is placed in a rotating plastic loop, and the interval between the initiation of rotation and the end point is called the thrombus formation time. The apparatus has been used by other investigators<sup>2,3</sup>who verified that the procedure produces a thrombus rather than a clot, a distinction which is important.<sup>4</sup>A longitudinal section of a thrombus formed in the Chandler loop illustrating the clumping of platelets at the head is shown in the Figure. During the past year, in the course of studying the effect of smoking on serum lipids, we have used the Chandler apparatus to measure thrombus formation before and after smoking. <h3>Methods and Procedure</h3> The subjects, all private patients and habitual smokers, were randomly selected. They came to the office in the morning without having
Effects of Cariporide and Losartan on Hypertrophy, Calcium Transients, Contractility, and Gene Expression in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Jan P. Loennechen, Ulrik Wisløff, Geir Falck, Øyvind Ellingsen
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The purpose of this study was to compare long-term effects of cariporide with those of losartan in postinfarction heart failure.Female Sprague-Dawley rats with large myocardial infarctions and sham controls were randomized to losartan, cariporide, or placebo after 7 days and treated for 49 days. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and measurement of left ventricular pressures, and gene expression was assessed by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell dimensions, shortening, and relaxation were determined by videomicroscopy and calcium transients by fura 2. Losartan reduced postinfarction systolic and diastolic left ventricular dilation (by 24% and 31%, respectively), left and right ventricular weight (by 22% and 26%, respectively), and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy length and width (by 62% and 54%, respectively). Induction of myocardial atrial natriuretic peptide decreased 66%. Cariporide did not affect postinfarction hypertrophy or atrial natriuretic peptide. Losartan and cariporide respectively improved reduced cellular contractility (55% and 30%) and reduced elevated systolic (86% and 27%) and diastolic (49% and 43%) calcium. Losartan and cariporide respectively reduced prolonged time to 50% relaxation (66% and 25%) and time to 50% calcium reduction (55% and 53%).Losartan and cariporide improve cardiomyocyte contractility and calcium regulation in chronic heart failure. Losartan has salutary effects on postinfarction remodeling and gene expression, whereas cariporide is neutral.
Double-blind Trial to Compare Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Co-trimoxazole, and Trimethoprim in Treatment of Urinary Infection
Authors: W. Brumfitt, R. Pursell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In order to test their value in urinary infection a double-blind trial was carried out using ampicillin, cephalexin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole), and trimethoprim. Eighty-three courses of treatment were given to hospital patients, 149 to pregnant women, and 107 to patients with dysuria and frequency seen in domiciliary practice. Thus infections of varying severity in defined groups of patients caused by organisms with different antibiotic sensitivities were treated.Analysis of the overall results (339 courses) was compared with those from the individual groups and considerable variation in response was found. In domiciliary infections and bacteriuria in pregnancy trimethoprim alone proved to be at least as effective as the other three compounds and caused fewer than half the number of side effects. In the hospital patients co-trimoxazole was superior to trimethoprim.The overall results for ampicillin and cephalexin were similar although cephalexin proved to be inferior in treating symptomatic domiciliary infections.
Trends in the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and Changes in Diet and Lifestyle in Women
Authors: Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, JoAnn E. Manson, Francine Grodstein, Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer, Walter C. Willett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Previous studies have found concurrent declines in blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, and the incidence of and mortality from coronary disease. However, the effects of changes in diet and lifestyle on trends in coronary disease are largely unknown.We followed 85,941 women who were 34 to 59 years old and had no previously diagnosed cardiovascular disease or cancer from 1980 to 1994 in the Nurses' Health Study. Diet and lifestyle variables were assessed at base line and updated during follow-up.After adjustment for the effect of age, the incidence of coronary disease declined by 31 percent from the two-year period 1980-1982 to the two-year period 1992-1994. From 1980 to 1992, the proportion of participants currently smoking declined by 41 percent, the proportion of postmenopausal women using hormone therapy increased by 175 percent, and the prevalence of overweight, defined as a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 25 or more, increased by 38 percent. During the study period, diet improved substantially. Statistically, changes in these variables--when considered simultaneously--explained a 21 percent decline in the incidence of coronary disease, representing 68 percent of the overall decline from 1980-1982 to 1992-1994. Taken individually, the reduction in smoking explained a 13 percent decline in the incidence of coronary disease; improvement in diet explained a 16 percent decline; and increase in postmenopausal hormone use explained a 9 percent decline. On the other hand, the increase in body-mass index explained an 8 percent increase in the incidence of coronary disease.Reduction in smoking, improvement in diet, and an increase in postmenopausal hormone use accounted for much of the decline in the incidence of coronary disease in this group of women. An increasing prevalence of obesity, however, appears to have slowed the decline in the incidence of coronary disease.
HAEMOSTATIC FUNCTION AND ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE: PRINCIPAL RESULTS OF THE NORTHWICK PARK HEART STUDY
Authors: T.W Meade, Milica Brozovic, R.R Chakrabarti, A.P Haines, J.D Imeson, Sandra Mellows, G.J Miller, W.R.S North, Yvonne Stirling, S.G Thompson
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Glucose Utilization and Production by the Dog Kidney In Vivo in Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis
Authors: J. Costello, J. M. Scott, P. Wilson, E. Bourke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Using D-[1-14C]glucose as a tracer, renal glucose utilization and production was measured in chronic metabolic acidosis and alkalosis in dog kidney in vivo. In six experiments in acidosis, mean total renal glucose production was 4.447±1.655 SE μmol/min and glucose utilization was 4.187±0.576 SE μmol/min. In five alkalotic experiments it was found that mean total glucose production was 12.227±2.026 SE μmol/min and glucose utilization was 18.186±2.054 SE μmol/min. Renal glucose utilization and production are therefore significantly higher in alkalosis than in acidosis in vivo. Since glucose production is maximal under conditions when glutamine extraction is minimal (i.e. alkalosis), it is apparent that in alkalosis glutamine is not a major precursor of glucose.
Individual chest pain characteristics had low accuracy for detecting acute MI in both men and women
Authors: Eric R. Bates
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Rubini Gimenez M, Reiter M, Twerenbold R, et al. Sex-specific chest pain characteristics in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:241-9. 24275751
General practice compliance study: is it worth being a personal doctor?
Authors: P R Ettlinger, G K Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

While lip service is paid to the concept of the personal doctor in British general practice, little evidence is available to show that personal doctoring improves patient care. The hypothesis that close identification with a general practitioner leads to better drug compliance was therefore tested. One hundred and nineteen patients from two health centres who were prescribed an antimicrobial drug for a new episode of illness were visited at home four or five days after the prescription was given and their compliance with the prescription and identification with their doctor assessed. Compliance with the prescription was found to be strongly associated with whether the patient thought that he knew the prescribing doctor well. It is suggested that more attention is paid to consultation technique, particularly with new patients. One way of improving compliance may be for patients to see the same general practitioner using a personal list system. Further studies are needed for patients taking long-term treatment, especially hypotensive drugs.