tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery in active infective endocarditis.
Authors: J B Young, D E Welton, A E Raizner, T Ishimori, A Montero, G A Guinn, K Mattox, L O Gentry, J K Alexander, R R Miller
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Controversy persists concerning the role of early surgical intervention in severe infective endocarditis (IE). We therefore reviewed 163 episodes of well-documented IE in which 32 cardiac operations were performed during the active phase of IE. Congestive heart failure (CHF) was the principal indication for surgery in 88% (28/32); systemic emboli, 1/32; and persisting sepsis, 3/32. Staphylococcus and enterococcus were the most common infecting organisms in the operative group (44% and 16% respectively). Surgical mortality (11/32,37%) did not differ (p greater than 0.05) from medical mortality (26/131,20%). All 11 operative deaths occurred in patients moribund prior to surgery, including three with preoperative cardiac arrest. Surgical patients undergoing preoperative cardiac catheterization demonstrated marked CHF: a mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 25.3 mm Hg. The mean cardiac index in 8/11 surgical deaths was lower (p less than 0.05) vs surgical survivors: 2.21/min/m2 vs. 3.21/min/m2. Postoperative complications were rare in the 21 surgical survivors. There were no episodes of continued infection, prosthetic dehiscence, or advanced heart block; only one paravalvular leak; and one systemic embolus. These findings emphasize the high medical and surgical mortality in patients with IE, suggest that delayed operative intervention may be a major causative factor resulting in a high surgical mortality, and justify an aggressive surgical approach in patients with valve dysfunction and heart failure. These data indicate that survivors of surgical intervention during active IE have eradication of infection and few postoperative complications.
Expression and prognostic significance of Bcl‐2 family proteins in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Delphine Boudard, Christian Vasselon, Marie‐Françoise Berthéas, Jérôme Jaubert, Christiane Mounier, Jacqueline Reynaud, Annie Viallet, Sylviane Chautard, Denis Guyotat, Lydia Campos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Excessive apoptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We assessed by flow cytometry the expression of several members of the Bcl‐2 family in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) of 168 MDS samples at diagnosis. The proteins studied were Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL (anti‐apoptotic), Bax, Bad, Bak, and Bcl‐xS (pro‐apoptotic). The percentage of BMMNC expressing Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL was higher in refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), RAEB in transformation (RAEB‐T), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) than in refractory anemia (RA) and RA with ringed sideroblasts (RAS). Conversely pro‐apoptotic proteins Bad, Bak, and Bcl‐xS were detected in a higher percentage of cells in RA and RAS. RA and RAS were associated with an increased Bcl‐xS/Bcl‐xL ratio. The expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins was also correlated with that of CD34 and P170 and with the percentage of blast cells. Two‐color analyses demonstrated that CD34 and Bcl‐2 were usually expressed in the same cells. No significant correlation was found with cytogenetic abnormalities. Higher expression of pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2‐family proteins (Bak, Bad, Bcl‐xS) and higher Bcl‐xS/Bcl‐xL ratio were associated with longer survival and decreased risk of leukemic transformation in univariate analysis, whereas expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins was associated with decreased survival. Consequently Bcl‐2 proteins expression was well correlated with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). Our data confirm that the control of apoptosis is deregulated in MDS cells. Moreover, the study of markers such as CD34 (or Bcl‐2), Bcl‐xL, and Bcl‐xS provides additional prognostic information. Am. J. Hematol. 70:115–125, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcified Left Atrial Thrombus
Authors: Joseph M Pappachan, Benjamin C Bino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 21-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever at 7 years of age presented with left-sided weakness. A large ischemic infarction involving the territory of the right middle cerebral artery was diagnosed. Cardiac evaluation revealed atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography showed normal aortic, pulmonic, and tricuspid valves, severe mitral stenosis with a valve area of 0.9 cm2, and a large free-floating ball-valve thrombus in the dilated (to 5 cm in diameter) left atrium (Panels A and B, arrows), which partially obstructed the mitral valve intermittently (Panels C and D, arrows, and video). After initial stabilization, the patient was treated with . . .
Cardiovascular Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids
Authors: A Leaf, P C Weber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

ALTHOUGH earlier studies1 2 3 suggested that dietary fish had some properties that could potentially prevent coronary artery disease, it was not until the epidemiologic studies of Bang et al.4 and Dyerberg et al.5 in the mid-1970s that the association became noteworthy. These researchers reviewed reports of a low prevalence of atherosclerosis among Eskimos in Greenland and subsequent documentation of an age-adjusted mortality from myocardial infarction among the Greenland Eskimos that was approximately 1/10th that among Danes6 or North Americans, despite a diet as high in fat and cholesterol as that of the Danes or Americans. The striking difference between the diets . . .
Paradoxical expression of adenosine deaminase in T cells cultured from a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency and combine immunodeficiency.
Authors: F X Arredondo-Vega, J Kurtzberg, S Chaffee, I Santisteban, E Reisner, M S Povey, M S Hershfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

T lymphocytes cultured from a patient (T.D.) with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency expressed ADA activity in the normal range, inconsistent with her severe immunodeficiency, metabolic abnormalities, and with the absence of ADA activity in her B lymphocytes and other nucleated hematopoietic cells. ADA from T.D. T cells had normal Km, heat stability, and sensitivity to ADA inhibitors. Examination of HLA phenotype and polymorphic DNA loci indicated that T.D. was neither chimeric nor a genetic mosaic. Amplified and subcloned ADA cDNA from ADA+ T.D. T cells was shown by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization to possess the same mutations (Arg101----Trp, Arg211----His) previously found in the ADA-T.D. B cell line GM 2606 (Akeson, A. L., D. A. Wiginton, M. R. Dusing, J. C. States, and J. J. Hutton. 1988. J. Biol. Chem. 263:16291-16296). Our findings suggest that one of these mutant alleles can be expressed selectively in IL-2-dependent T cells as stable, active enzyme. Cultured T cells from other patients with the Arg211----His mutation did not express significant ADA activity, while some B cell lines from a patient with an Arg101----Gln mutation have been found to express normal ADA activity. We speculate that Arg101 may be at a site that determines degradation of ADA by a protease that is under negative control by IL-2 in T cells, and is variably expressed in B cells. Il-2 might increase ADA expression in T cells of patients who possess mutations of Arg101.
Potential Synergy of Radiation Therapy With Vismodegib for Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: John M. Strasswimmer
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Combining Collagen and Bioactive Glasses for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review
Authors: Bapi Sarker, Jasmin Hum, Showan N. Nazhat, Aldo R. Boccaccini
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Collagen (COL), the most abundant protein in mammals, offers a wide range of attractive properties for biomedical applications which are the result of its biocompatibility and high affinity to water. However, due to the relative low mechanical properties of COL its applications are still limited. To tackle this disadvantage of COL, especially in the field of bone tissue engineering, COL can be combined with bioactive inorganic materials in a variety of composite systems. One of such systems is the collagen–bioactive glass (COL–BG) composite family, which is the theme of this Review. BG fillers can increase compressive strength and stiffness of COL‐based structures. This article reviews the relevant literature published in the last 15 years discussing the fabrication of a variety of COL‐BG composites. In vitro cell studies have demonstrated the osteogenic, odontogenic, and angiogenic potential of these composite systems, which has been confirmed by stimulating specific biochemical indicators of relevant cells. Bony integration and connective tissue vessel formation have also been studied by implantation of the composites in vivo. Areas of future research in the field of COL–BG systems, based on current challenges, and gaps in knowledge are highlighted.
A Turning Point
Authors: David C Robbins
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

A Turning PointIt is a great pleasure to inform our readers of a major change in the content and editorial structure of Diabetes Care.Beginning with the March 1990 issue, Diabetes Care will publish its first regular quarterly review issue.Unlike symposium supplements, which have appeared sporadically in previous volumes, the review issues will be published each quarter under the expert guidance of Dr. Ralph DeFronzo.Anticipated topics include molecular biology and diabetes mellitus; insulin and diabetes; hypertension, diabetes, and obesity; and diet and diabetes: a metabolic approach.
Use of Quality Indicators in Patient Care
Authors: Bruce E. Landon
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Dr A is a senior primary care physician who recently moved from a small private practice to a larger group-model practice. He believes he was able to provide higher-quality and more individualized care for his patients in his small practice. As Dr A has discovered, quality measurement and improvement activities in primary care have evolved from a focus on an individual patient in an examination room to a systems approach that incorporates population management. Although many frustrations remain with physicians' ability to measure and influence the quality of care received by populations of patients, quality measures and monitoring have improved and should continue to improve. However, the perspective of patients and experienced physicians like Dr A also should be incorporated into quality measurement and management systems. Dr A clearly has the welfare of his patients at heart, and his experience and perspective could help improve his organization's systems of care and identify resources to deliver the best care.
Triple-Combination Pharmacotherapy for Medically Ill Smokers
Authors: Michael B. Steinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Smokers with medical illnesses are at particular risk for complications caused by tobacco. Clinical trial data on the effectiveness of triple-combination pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence treatment in these high-risk smokers are not available. Objective: To evaluate extended duration of a triple-medication combination versus standard-duration therapy with the nicotine patch alone and 6-month abstinence rates in smokers with medical illnesses. Design: Randomized clinical trial from 2005 to 2007. Setting: Single primary care setting. Patients: 127 smokers 18 years or older with predefined medical illnesses were recruited from the local community. Intervention: Participants were allocated by blocked randomization to receive either the nicotine patch alone for a standard 10-week, tapering course (n = 64) or the combination of nicotine patch, nicotine oral inhaler, and bupropion ad libitum (n = 63). Nonstudy staff, who used computer-generated tables, assigned participants by telephone. No study staff had access to the randomization tables before randomization, thus maintaining concealment. Participants and study personnel were not blinded to treatment assignment. Measurements: The primary outcome was 7-day, exhaled carbon monoxide–confirmed point abstinence at 26 weeks after target quit date. Secondary outcomes were the time to first relapse, duration of medication use, and adverse effects of medications. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis with participants who were lost to follow-up (patch alone [n = 13] and combination therapy [n = 18]) classified as still smoking. Results: Both treatment groups had similar baseline characteristics. Abstinence rates at 26 weeks were 35% (22 of 63 patients) for the combination group versus 19% (12 of 64 patients) for the patch–alone group (relapse benefit, 16% [95% CI, 1% to 31%]; P = 0.040). The adjusted odds ratio for abstinence in the combination group was 2.57 (CI, 1.05 to 6.32; P = 0.041). The median time to relapse was significantly longer in the combination group than in the patch-alone group (65 days vs. 23 days; P = 0.005). Some side effects occurred more frequently in the combination group (for example, insomnia [25% vs. 9%] and anxiety [22% vs. 3%]), but the proportion of participants who discontinued study medications because of adverse events was similar in both groups (6%). Limitations: Approximately 25% of participants were lost to follow-up (proportions were similar between treatment groups). Treatment personnel and participants were unblinded. Conclusion: Flexibly dosed triple-combination pharmacotherapy for up to 6 months was more effective than standard-duration nicotine patch therapy for outpatient smokers with medical illnesses. Primary Funding Source: Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
FORETINIB IS EFFECTIVE THERAPY FOR METASTATIC SONIC HEDGEHOG MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: C. Smith, C. C. Faria, A. M. Dubuc, M. Remke, B. J. Golbourn, R. J. Diaz, S. Agnihotri, A. Luck, N. Sabha, S. Olsen, X. Wu, L. Garzia, V. Ramaswamy, S. C. Mack, X. Wang, M. Leadley, D. Reynaud, L. Ermini, M. Post, P. A. Northcott, S. M. Pfister, S. E. Croul, M. Kool, A. Korshunov, M. D. Taylor, J. T. Rutka
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: (blind field). METHODS: Expression profiling, molecular subgrouping and analysis of somatic copy number alterations were conducted on multiple independent cohorts of patient tumour samples to examine intermediates of the MET signaling pathway in medulloblastoma. To examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of foretinib treatment; MET signalling biochemical analysis; migration and invasion assays; and foretinib pharmacokinetic studies were performed. Medulloblastoma xenografts and transgenic mouse models were used to evaluate foretinib treatment in vivo. RESULTS: We analyzed three large non-overlapping cohorts of medulloblastoma patients (discovery cohort, n = 199; validation cohort 1, n = 439; validation cohort 2, n = 285) and demonstrated that cMET, known to be involved in tumor progression and dissemination, is a marker of sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis of activated cMET (phosphorylated cMET) in another independent patient cohort (n = 385) revealed that cMET activation correlates with increased tumor relapse and a poor survival in pediatric patients with SHH medulloblastomas, thus defining a subset of patients that may benefit from cMET targeted therapy. We show that foretinib, an FDA approved inhibitor of cMET, suppresses cMET activation, decreases proliferation and induces apoptosis, both in medulloblastoma cell lines and in SHH medulloblastoma xenografts. Furthermore foretinib penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is effective both in the primary and in the metastatic compartments. Treatment of mouse xenografts and of an aggressive transgenic model of metastatic SHH medulloblastoma with foretinib reduced primary medulloblastoma growth, decreased the incidence of metastases by 36% and increased survival by 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide strong rationale for advancing foretinib into clinical trials for SHH-driven medulloblastomas. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Tumor Biology.
HCV genotype 3 is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in a national sample of U.S. Veterans with HCV
Authors: Fasiha Kanwal, Jennifer R. Kramer, Jawad Ilyas, Zhigang Duan, Hashem B. El-Serag
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Data show that viral genotype 1 may increase the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to genotype 2 in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the effect of HCV genotype 3 on cirrhosis and HCC risk is uncertain. We identified patients with active HCV infection, confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a known HCV genotype, from the VA HCV Clinical Case Registry between 2000 and 2009. We examined the effect of HCV genotype on the risk of cirrhosis and HCC in a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for patients' age, period of service (World War I/II, Vietnam era, post-Vietnam era), race, gender, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, alcohol use, diabetes, body mass index, and antiviral treatment receipt. Of the 110,484 patients with active HCV viremia, 88,348 (79.9%) had genotype 1, 13,077 (11.8%) genotype 2, 8,337 (7.5%) genotype 3, and 1,082 (0.9%) patients had genotype 4 infection. Despite being younger, patients with genotype 3 had a higher risk of developing cirrhosis (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-1.50) and HCC (unadjusted HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.48-1.85) than HCV genotype 1 patients. After adjustment for prespecified demographic, clinical, and antiviral treatment factors, the risk of cirrhosis and HCC was 31% (adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.22-1.39) and 80% (adjusted HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.61-2.03) higher in patients with genotype 3 compared to genotype 1 infected patients. Conclusion: HCV genotype 3 is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing cirrhosis and HCC compared to HCV genotype 1. This association is independent of patients' age, diabetes, body mass index, or antiviral treatment. (Hepatology 2014;60:98–105)
268 PLATELETS/THROMBOCYTOSIS REDUCES CCL4 INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS IN MICE
Authors: M. Watanabe, S. Murata, I. Hashimoto, Y. Nakano, Y. Shibasaki, T. Kawasaki, K. Kohno, A. Myronovych, K. Hisakura, O. Ikeda, Y. Aoyagi, R. Matsuo, K. Fukunaga, H. Yasue, N. Ohkohchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointimal Accumulation by Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of Cytosine Deaminase
Authors: Robert L. Harrell, M. A. Sharmini Rajanayagam, A. Masharn Doanes, Raul J. Guzman, Edward A. Hirschowitz, Ronald G. Crystal, Stephen E. Epstein, Toren Finkel
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Restenosis remains a significant problem after balloon angioplasty. Previous studies have demonstrated that recombinant adenoviruses are efficient vectors for gene transfer to the arterial wall and can be used to inhibit the proliferative aspect of restenosis. We sought to extend these observations using AdCMV.CD, an adenovirus that encodes cytosine deaminase (CD) and is capable of metabolizing 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil. Methods and Results Infection of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with AdCMV.CD increases by two to three orders of magnitude the growth-inhibitory effects of 5-FC. The degree of VSMC inhibition in vitro was a function of 5-FC concentration and the level of CD expression. Cells infected with AdCMV.CD exhibited a profound bystander effect on the growth of neighboring cells, which did not require direct cell-to-cell contact. The predominant effect of AdCMV.CD on growth of VSMC appeared to be cytostatic, not cytotoxic. Assessment of this strategy in a rabbit femoral artery model of balloon-induced injury demonstrated that compared with animals in either of two control groups, animals treated with the active combination of infection with AdCMV.CD and 1-week treatment with parenteral 5-FC had a significant reduction at 30 days in the neointimal-to-medial ratio. Conclusions Our results suggest that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of CD along with 5-FC administration may be a useful strategy to treat the proliferative aspects of restenosis.
Patient perspectives on macular hole surgery
Authors: Paul S Baines, John D Ellis
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)

We would like to commend the Ophthalmic Technology Assessment Committee Retina Panel for the preparation of so clear a position statement regarding surgery for full thickness macular holes.1 The balance of published evidence presented suggests that although this is an undertaking requiring considerable postoperative commitment from patients, and occasionally even resulting in morbidity,2 the procedure will continue to be offered to many, especially in the light of appreciable3 risk to the fellow eye. Nevertheless, despite the wealth of published material presented, it remains surprisingly difficult to predict exactly what a given patient will gain from their surgery.
The Prophylactic Epidural Blood Patch
Authors: Reuben C. Balagot
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Considering the successes claimed for the epidural blood patch (EBP) in curing postspinal headache (PSH), it seemed logical that prophylactic instillation of autologous blood into the epidural space immediately following dural puncture might stave off this unpleasant complication. Immediately after intrathecal injection of the spinal anesthetic, gentle traction was exerted on the syringe plunger, and the spinal needle gradually withdrawn. As soon as spinal fluid ceased to be aspirated, the needle was stopped in place—the assumption being that it was just outside the dura and thus in the epidural space. Two milliliters of autologous blood or 7 ml of normal saline solution (NSS) was instilled. Paired studies were carried out—one autologous blood to one NSS. Since the incidence of PSH increased with bigger-gauge spinal needles,<sup>1</sup>a 20-gauge, disposable spinal needle was used in all cases. Observation was carried out for three days, and if headache occurred