tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparison of dermatologists', surgeons' and general practitioners' surgical management of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: D.B. McKenna, J.C. Marioni, R.J. Lee, R.J. Prescott, V.R. Doherty
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Current guidelines for the surgical management of melanoma aim to bring a combined consensus approach to the surgery of melanoma. Whether different outcomes for melanoma are related to the specialist who treats the patient is unknown. Objectives To examine the clinicopathological features and surgical management of patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma treated by dermatologists, general surgeons, plastic surgeons and general practitioners (GPs). We also examined if the category of specialist had an effect on the survival outcome for the patient. Methods A retrospective, observational study of patients registered on a specialist database that records the clinicopathological features, surgical treatment and follow‐up information of patients with malignant melanoma in Scotland. The patients had invasive primary cutaneous malignant melanoma without evidence of metastasis at the time of surgery, diagnosed between 1979 and 1997, with follow‐up to the end of December 1999. Clinicopathological characteristics and surgical treatment of patients were compared for the four groups of specialist, as were overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS) and recurrence‐free interval (RF). Results Of 1536 patients, 663 (43%) were treated initially by a dermatologist, 486 (32%) by a general surgeon, 257 (17%) by a plastic surgeon and 130 (8%) by a GP. The proportion of patients managed by dermatologists rose over the lifetime of the study. Compared with the other specialists, the patients treated by general and plastic surgeons were older; a higher proportion of female patients was managed by dermatologists; median tumour thickness, lesion diameter and frequency of ulceration were all greater in the general surgeon‐treated group; plastic surgeons treated a higher proportion of lentigo maligna melanomas; and general surgeons and GPs saw a higher proportion of nodular melanomas. Over 90% of patients managed by a dermatologist or GP underwent wider local excision following initial excision, compared with 43% and 25%, respectively, in the general and plastic surgery groups. General surgeons used wider excision margins than the other specialists. OS, DFS and RF were significantly better in the dermatology group compared with the general and plastic surgery groups. Conclusions This study showed that dermatologists manage an increasing majority of melanoma patients and that there were significant differences in the surgical treatment of melanoma between dermatologists and surgeons. Survival was significantly better in the dermatology‐treated group, suggesting that dermatologists should have a central role in melanoma management.
Abstract 3072: HER2 signaling affects SRC-3 phosphorylation and gene regulatory potential within the cistrome
Authors: Bryan C. Nikolai, Carolyn L. Smith, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3/AIB1) is a potent transcriptional coregulator for nuclear receptors and other transcription factors and is often amplified or overexpressed in tumors. The growth promoting effects of SRC-3 involve its ability to integrate extracellular signals into discrete patterns of gene expression. SRC-3 is regulated by various post-translational modifications, including multiple phosphorylations that define a combinatorial code that tailors SRC-3 activity in response to specific signaling stimuli. HER2 is a member of the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family of growth factor receptors and is often associated with cancer. Clinical studies show that breast cancer patients with tumors expressing high levels of both HER2 and SRC-3 have reduced disease-free survival, and SRC-3 phosphorylation is influenced by HER2. The current study seeks to define the effect of HER2 signaling events on SRC-3 activity in breast cancer cells. HER2 knock down using siRNA affects multiple kinase pathways, as evidenced by decreased AKT and c-Raf phosphorylation. HER2 knockdown causes the isoelectric point of SRC-3 to shift, suggesting that post-translational modification of SRC-3 is actively altered by HER2 signaling. Reduction of SRC-3 phosphorylation in HER2-depleted cells also was evident using a phospho-specific antibody to SRC-3. Expression microarray analysis revealed that many genes are altered by HER2 knockdown. Parsing the microarray with SRC-3 ChIP-seq data identified genes that are coordinately regulated by a HER2/SRC-3 signaling axis. Collectively, this work describes transcriptomic and cistromic mechanisms for oncogenic cooperation between HER2 and SRC-3 and identifies key genes that contribute to proliferation of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3072. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3072
The Language of Science; A Guide to Effective Writing
Authors: George Halperin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Clarity, Gilman insists, is demanded of the person writing in the fields of science and technology. He believes that disciplines of good writing can be learned. The best way to improve one's style is by writing. As in any art one needs aid. One of the most important of these is reading. Not just reading textbooks on writing, Gilman emphasizes, but by reading which exposes one to good writing. In<i>The Language of Science</i>Gilman supplies examples of good writing, of bad writing, and of writing that can be improved. This well-written book should prove of interest and value to workers in the various fields of science and technology.
Acceleration of permeability barrier recovery by exposure of skin to 10-30 kHz sound
Authors: M. Denda, M. Nakatani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Previous reports show that ultrasound can influence human brain electrical activity and systemic hormone levels in various parts of the body, other than the ear, so there may be an unknown ultrasound-responsive system in humans.In the present study, we examined the effects of sound on skin permeability barrier homeostasis.We broke the skin barrier of hairless mice by tape stripping, and then exposed the skin to sound for 1 h to evaluate the effect on barrier recovery rate.Exposure of skin to sound at frequencies of 10, 20 and 30 kHz for 1 h accelerated barrier recovery, and 20 kHz sound induced the fastest recovery. Application of 5 kHz sound had no effect on barrier recovery rate. Significant acceleration was observed even when the sound source was located 3 cm away from the skin surface. The recovery rate depended on the sound pressure. An electron-microscopic study indicated that lamellar body secretion between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum was increased by exposure to sound at 20 kHz.These results suggest that epidermal keratinocytes might be influenced by ultrasound in a manner that results in modulation of epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis.
Crypt cell production rates at various sites around the colon in Wistar rats and humans.
Authors: C Hall, D Youngs, M R Keighley
Journal: Gut (1992)

The crypt cell production rate (CCPR) is considered the most robust estimate of cell turnover. The CCPR was determined at various sites around the colon in the Wistar rat (using an in vivo technique) and in six healthy humans (using in vitro organ culture). In both the rat and human colon, the CCPR increased proximally from the rectum to the caecum. The caecum had a significantly higher cell turnover than any other site in the colon (p &lt; 0.05 in the rat, p &lt; 0.01 in humans, Student9s t test). These findings are of interest when considering cellular proliferation studies in both inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, and draw attention to the importance of choosing a constant reference site for comparative studies. This is the first time the CCPR had been measured along the length of the human colon.
THE PILE SHIELD.
Authors: V. PLETH
Journal: JAMA (1902)

It has often happened, even in the best hands, that the patient has been severely burned, when the ordinary clamp and cautery method has been employed in the operation for piles, causing the surgeon no end of annoyance. To avoid this, I have devised a little instrument that eliminates such accidents; this instrument is small, inexpensive, portable, easily sterilized and does away with the expensive pile clamp and protecting gauze pad. It is an oval-shaped, nickel-plated brass plate, 2½ by 2 inches, with the edges turned up, except at the lower portion, which has a narrow slit for the purpose of slipping it behind the forceps that grasps the pile mass. In using it the rectum is thoroughly dilated with a rectal speculum, the protruding pile mass grasped by an artery forceps and an ordinary hysterectomy forceps (Ferguson flat-tipped forceps is admirably adapted) is made to grasp around the base
Avoidant strategy in insecure females
Authors: Bin-Bin Chen, Dan Li
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract This commentary cites evidence to argue that girls growing up in a competitive and aggressive environment are more likely to shift to avoidant attachment than to ambivalent attachment in middle childhood. These avoidant women are also more likely to favor a short-term mating strategy. The role of oxytocin (OT) and early experience in shaping an avoidant attachment in females is also discussed.
Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposures and Incident Cancers among Adults Living Near a Chemical Plant
Authors: Vaughn Barry, Andrea Winquist, Kyle Steenland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic chemical ubiquitous in the serum of U.S. residents. It causes liver, testicular, and pancreatic tumors in rats. Human studies are sparse.
Prescribing and the British National Formulary
Authors: O. L. Wade, G. D. McDevitt
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The British National Formulary (B.N.F.) is produced by the Joint Formulary Committee of the British Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.The Committee claims that the preparations included in the B.N.F. can serve almost all the requirements of prescribers, whether in hospital or in general practice.The investigation reported in this paper was carried out to examine this claim as regards general practice.Further, in view of the discussion in recent years of the cost of prescribing in the National Health Service (Ministry of Health, 1956, 1959, 1964), it was designed to discover whether economies in the cost of prescribing might result from a wider use of the B.N.F. MethodsIn Northern Ireland, prescription forms which have been handed to pharmacists when patients receive their drugs are sent to the Northern Ireland General Health Services Board for coating so that the Board may reimburse the pharmacists.With the cooperation of the Board and with precautions to ensure confidentiality three samples of prescriptions were obtained:1.All the prescriptions presented to a single pharmacy in an urban area during 7une 1965.-Thesecame from many different practices and there was no reason to believe that they did not represent a random sample of prescriptions being written in the area during that month.2. All prescriptions written by the doctors working in two separate practices, A and B, in a small rural town during 7une 1965.-Thepractices were of similar size and served an apparently similar cross-section of the community.They were chosen because one (Practice A) had prescribing costs that had been persistently above the average for Northern Ireland for many years, and the other (Practice B) had costs that had been persistently lower than the average.Every prescription for drugs on each form was examined by one of the authors or their colleagues to determine whether it was for: (1) A preparation in the 1963 edition of the B.N.F.(this was the current edition in June 1965).(2) A proprietary preparation for which either an exact B.N.F.equivalent could be substituted or, if this was not possible, for which a B.N.F.preparation could be substituted which would have substantially similar effects for the patient.(3) A proprietary preparation for which there was no suitable alternative in the B.N.F.As this was done, an "amended" list of the prescriptions was prepared in which B.N.F.preparations were substituted whenever possible.In these amended lists prescriptions for dressings and appliances were left unchanged, and no changes were made in the quantities of drugs to be supplied.A random sample of about one-third of the prescriptions and the Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, Queen's University of Belfast.suggested alternatives was discussed in detail with an experienced general practitioner.The original sample of pre- scriptions was then submitted to the Pricing Bureau of the Northern Ireland
(58) Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz's syndrome)
Authors: N. Nevin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (58) Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz's syndrome) Get access N. Nevin N. Nevin Department of Medical Genetics, Queen's University, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 107–109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05328.x Published: 01 July 1984
Bone marrow function. I. Peripheral T cells are responsible for the increased auto-antiidiotype response of older mice.
Authors: Y T Kim, E A Goidl, C Samarut, M E Weksler, G J Thorbecke, G W Siskind
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

After immunization with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll, mice produced both anti-TNP antibodies and auto-anti-idiotype (auto-anti-Id) antibodies specific for the anti-TNP antibody. Older animals produced more auto-anti-Id than did young animals. When mice were exposed to a normally lethal dose of irradiation while their bone marrow (BM) was partially shielded, they survived and slowly (6 wk) regained immune function, as indicated by the number of nucleated cells in their spleen and the in vitro primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of their spleen cells to TNP-treated aminoethylated polyacrylamide beads. Recovery is presumably the result of repopulation of the peripheral lymphoid system by cells originating in the BM. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and by hapten-augmentable PFC assay, we show that, after recovery from irradiation with their BM shielded, old animals produce low auto-anti-Id responses, like those of young animals. The transfer of splenic T cells into mice irradiated with their BM shielded provided evidence that the magnitude of the auto-anti-Id response is controlled by the peripheral T cells. Thus, mice that received splenic T cells from aged donors produced high levels of auto-anti-Id while those that received splenic T cells from young donors produce low levels of auto-anti-Id.
Seasonal influences on childhood lead exposure.
Authors: L M Yiin, G G Rhoads, P J Lioy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We conducted a study to examine seasonal changes in residential dust lead content and its relationship to blood lead in preschool children. We collected blood and dust samples (floors, windowsills, and carpets) to assess lead exposure. The geometric mean blood lead concentrations are 10.77 and 7.66 microg/dL for the defined hot and cold periods, respectively (p < 0.05). Lead loading (milligrams per square meter) is the measure derived from floor and windowsill wipe samples that is most correlated with blood lead concentration, whereas lead concentration (micrograms per gram) is the best variable derived from carpet vacuum samples. The variation of dust lead levels for these three dust variables (floor lead loading, windowsill lead loading, and carpet lead concentration) are consistent with the variation of blood lead levels, showing the highest levels in the hottest months of the year, June, July, and August. The regression analysis, including the three representative dust variables in the equations to predict blood lead concentration, suggests that the seasonality of blood lead levels in children is related to the seasonal distributions of dust lead in the home. In addition, the outdoor activity patterns indicate that children are likely to contact high leaded street dust or soil during longer outdoor play periods in summer. Consequently, our results show that children appear to receive the highest dust lead exposure indoors and outdoors during the summer, when they have the highest blood lead levels. We conclude that at least some of the seasonal variation in blood lead levels in children is probably due to increased exposure to lead in dust and soil.
Thelma Rowett Asfour (nee Gaunt)
Authors: M. Asfour
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former deputy medical officer of health Chester, Cheshire (b Birkenhead, Merseyside, 1916; q Liverpool 1939), died from heart failure on 21 December 2003.

After qualifying Thelma was a general practitioner and then spent the war years in various Liverpool hospitals. She married in 1940 and had a son, but she and her husband divorced after the war ended. Thelma took qualifications in public health and tropical medicine, and was appointed lady officer of health in Georgetown, the capital of what was then British Guiana. She married her second husband and had two children. Postings to Nigeria and Zambia followed. In 1970 she and her husband returned to Chester, where Thelma worked in public health and family planning.
MARITAL ASSOCIATION IN DEATHS FOR CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES
Authors: Morton L. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An editorial (Mortality of Husbands and Wives) inThe Journal, March 8, discussing Antonio Ciocco's (<i>Human Biol.</i><b>12</b>:508 [Dec.] 1940) finding of marital association in deaths from tuberculosis, influenza and pneumonia, heart disease and cancer remarks on the difficulty of explaining such association (except in the case of tuberculosis). It should be pointed out that the observed relationship is possibly linked with increased mortality from these diseases in certain social-occupational groups. Perhaps the most striking evidence of such selective mortality is found in the reports on occupational mortality in England and Wales. In the latest of these reports (The Registrar General's Decennial Supplement: England &amp; Wales 1931, Part IIa. Occupational Mortality, London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1938) comparative mortalities are calculated for males by occupation and for married women according to the husband's occupation. Occupations are grouped into five large classes, namely: Class I. Professional workers
Sobriety in Suntanning
Authors: Leopold S. Tuchman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I think a comment is in order on the letter written by Drs. David N. Silvers and Harvey J. Cohen in regard to their 85-year-old exlifeguard whose skin shows the ravages of too many years in the sun. This man may have spent too many years in the sun, but he had managed to work until the age of 78 years and, at 85 years apparently has no serious metabolic disturbance. One wonders whether the ravages of the sun are so terrible if he has managed to maintain his state of good health for this length of time. I am sure that the authors would settle for their patient's longevity for themselves. I, myself, am in the middle years and have enjoyed suntanning without being a "worshipper," and I think somewhere along the line good, common sense and a middle ground should prevail.
Serotype-dependent packaging of large genes in adeno-associated viral vectors results in effective gene delivery in mice
Authors: Mariacarmela Allocca, Monica Doria, Marco Petrillo, Pasqualina Colella, Maria Garcia-Hoyos, Daniel Gibbs, So Ra Kim, Albert Maguire, Tonia S. Rex, Umberto Di Vicino, Luisa Cutillo, Janet R. Sparrow, David S. Williams, Jean Bennett, Alberto Auricchio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Vectors derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV) are promising for human gene therapy, including treatment for retinal blindness. One major limitation of AAVs as vectors is that AAV cargo capacity has been considered to be restricted to 4.7 kb. Here we demonstrate that vectors with an AAV5 capsid (i.e., rAAV2/5) incorporated up to 8.9 kb of genome more efficiently than 6 other serotypes tested, independent of the efficiency of the rAAV2/5 production process. Efficient packaging of the large murine Abca4 and human MYO7A and CEP290 genes, which are mutated in common blinding diseases, was obtained, suggesting that this packaging efficiency is independent of the specific sequence packaged. Expression of proteins of the appropriate size and function was observed following transduction with rAAV2/5 carrying large genes. Intraocular administration of rAAV2/5 encoding ABCA4 resulted in protein localization to rod outer segments and significant and stable morphological and functional improvement of the retina in Abca4(-/-) mice. This use of rAAV2/5 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for recessive Stargardt disease, the most common form of inherited macular degeneration. The possibility of packaging large genes in AAV greatly expands the therapeutic potential of this vector system.
B7-H1/CD80 interaction is required for the induction and maintenance of peripheral T-cell tolerance
Authors: Jang-June Park, Ryusuke Omiya, Yumiko Matsumura, Yukimi Sakoda, Atsuo Kuramasu, Mathew M. Augustine, Sheng Yao, Fumihiko Tsushima, Hidehiko Narazaki, Sudarshan Anand, Yingjia Liu, Scott E. Strome, Lieping Chen, Koji Tamada
Journal: Blood (2010)
Linear prurigo simulating dermatitis artefacta in dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: V. GOULDEN, S. HANDFIELD-JONES, V. NEILD, M.M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report a family suffering from dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in whom linear lichenified lesions and troublesome pruritus were prominent features. We consider that this clinical picture may constitute a separate subtype of this disorder.
Diagnosis and management of gout
Authors: Martin Underwood
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The stem cell markers octamer-binding transcription factor 4, sex-determining region Y-box 2, NANOG, Kruppel-like factor 4 and c-MYC are key factors in inducing pluripotency in somatic cells, and they have been used to detect cancer stem cell subpopulations in a range of cancer types. Recent literature has described the subcellular localisation of these markers and their potential implications on cellular function. This is a relatively complex and unexplored area of research, and the extent of the effect that subcellular localisation has on cancer development and growth is largely unknown. This review analyses this area of research in the context of the biology of stem cells and cancer and explores the potential modulating effect of subcellular localisation of these proteins as supported by the literature.
Ebstein??s Anomaly: Demonstration by ECG-Synchronized Radionuclide Cineangiography
Authors: GARY J. NOVETSKY, DAVID A. TURNER, MICHELE A. CODINI, AMJAD ALI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The findings of radionuclide cineangiography in Ebstein anomaly are described. The subjective findings in this case were similar to those of radiographic angiography, and there was objective evidence of tricuspid insufficiency. It is useful to recognize that Ebstein's anomaly is present before cardiac catheterization, since the procedure carries a relatively high risk of death in patients with this disorder.