tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A GROUP OF PARATYPHOID BACILLI FROM ANIMALS CLOSELY RESEMBLING THOSE FOUND IN MAN
Authors: Carl Tenbroeck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

1. In addition to the paratyphoid bacilli already named there exists a group which occurs in a variety of animals and which culturally is the same as Bacillus schottmülleri. As a rule this group can be separated from the latter by the type of clumps formed when bouillon cultures are used as antigens, while other antigens and complement fixation tests have failed to differentiate it. Agglutination absorption tests sharply separate the animal from the human paratyphoids. 2. No differences have been detected between organisms of this group derived from a number of animals and a common name for them is desirable, but for the present it seems better to call them calf-, swine-, mouse-, etc., typhus, according to the animal from which they were isolated. 3. Evidence exists in the literature that these organisms have been associated with food infections in man, particularly with what have been called paratyphoid B infections, but this function, as well as the part they play in animal diseases, is a subject for further study. 4. Well defined groups of paratyphoid such as Bacillus cholerae suis, the Voldagsen bacillus, Bacillus abortus equi, and Bacillus enteritidis are found in animals in addition to the organisms considered in this paper, and every attempt should be made to range newly isolated organisms in one or the other of these well recognized groups. 5. One of the objects in continuing this work was to find a method of differentiating these animal from the human paratyphoids less complicated than agglutination absorption. This object was not realized; the two groups are very similar and agglutination absorption seems to be the only means of classifying them.
Lying obliquely--a clinical sign of cognitive impairment: cross sectional observational study
Authors: P. Kraft, O. Gadeholt, M. J Wieser, J. Jennings, J. Classen
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To determine if failure to spontaneously orient the body along the longitudinal axis of a hospital bed when asked to lie down is associated with cognitive impairment in older patients. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional observational study. <b>Setting</b> Neurology department of a university hospital in Germany. <b>Participants</b> Convenience sample of 110 older (≥60 years) inpatients with neurological conditions and 23 staff neurologists. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The main outcome measure was the association between the angle of the body axis and the results of three cognitive screening tests (mini-mental state examination, DemTect, and clock drawing test). Staff doctors were shown photographs of a model taken at a natural viewing able to determine their subjective perspective of what constitutes oblique. <b>Results</b> 110 neurological inpatients (mean age 70.9 (SD 6.8) years) were included after exclusions. Evidence of cognitive impairment was found in 34, with scores indicating dementia in eight, according to the mini-mental state examination, and in 11 according to the DemTect. Across all patients, the mean angular deviation of the body axis from the longitudinal axis of the bed (range 0-23°) correlated linearly with the mini-mental state examination (r=−0.480), DemTect (r=−0.527), and the clock drawing test (r=−0.552) scores (P&lt;0.001 for all), even after removing age as a covariate. Overall, 90% of staff neurologists considered a minimal body angle of 7° to be oblique. Angular deviation of at least 7° predicted cognitive impairment according to the three different tests, with specificities between 89% and 96% and sensitivities between 27% and 50%. <b>Conclusion</b> Clinicians might suspect cognitive impairment in mobile older inpatients with neurological disorders who spontaneously position themselves obliquely when asked to lie on a bed.
Principles and Current Strategies for Targeting Autophagy for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ravi K. Amaravadi, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Xiao-Ming Yin, William A. Weiss, Naoko Takebe, William Timmer, Robert S. DiPaola, Michael T. Lotze, Eileen White
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, intracellular self-defense mechanism in which organelles and proteins are sequestered into autophagic vesicles that are subsequently degraded through fusion with lysosomes. Cells, thereby, prevent the toxic accumulation of damaged or unnecessary components, but also recycle these components to sustain metabolic homoeostasis. Heightened autophagy is a mechanism of resistance for cancer cells faced with metabolic and therapeutic stress, revealing opportunities for exploitation as a therapeutic target in cancer. We summarize recent developments in the field of autophagy and cancer and build upon the results presented at the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) Early Drug Development meeting in March 2010. Herein, we describe our current understanding of the core components of the autophagy machinery and the functional relevance of autophagy within the tumor microenvironment, and we outline how this knowledge has informed preclinical investigations combining the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Finally, we describe ongoing clinical trials involving HCQ as a first generation autophagy inhibitor, as well as strategies for the development of novel, more potent, and specific inhibitors of autophagy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 654–66. ©2011 AACR.
A comparison of lipoprotein secretion, bile production and hepatic morphology in isolated rat livers perfused with a perfluorocarbon emulsion or rat erythrocytes
Authors: Tünde E. Felker, Donald Gantz, Anna M. Tercyak, Cheryl Oliva, Susanne Bennett Clark, Donald M. Small
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Isolated rat livers were perfused with an oxygenated perfluorocarbon emulsion, FC-43 emulsion for 1 to 4 hr. FC-43 emulsion contained 20% FC-43 (wt/vol) perfluorotributylamine (the fluorocarbon component for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide) emulsified with 2.56% Pluronic F-68 (a nonionic surfactant) in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. FC-43 emulsion also contained 3% hydroxyethyl starch as an oncotic agent and 1.8 mg/ml glucose. The viability (oxygen consumption), bile secretion, structural integrity and secretion of nascent lipoproteins by FC-43-perfused rat livers was compared with livers perfused with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer that contained rat erythrocytes (25% hematocrit) and 1.5 mg/ml glucose (red blood cell medium). Oxygen consumption was somewhat higher in livers perfused with FC-43 emulsion. Bile secretion of livers perfused with FC-43 emulsion for 4 hr was reduced significantly to 40% of that by red blood cell medium. The structural integrity of livers perfused with FC-43 emulsion varied from normal to marked cellular damage. Light-microscopical examination of rat livers perfused with FC-43 emulsion showed ballooning of sinusoids, presence of vacuoles in sinusoidal lining cells in some hepatocytes and detachment of endothelium in sinusoids. The number of vacuoles progressively increased in longer perfusions. Electron-microscopical studies showed the presence of small (60 to 100 nm) vesicles of varying electron density, presumably fluorocarbon particles inside the vacuoles in sinusoidal lining cells (Kupffer and endothelial) and hepatocytes. After 4 hr of perfusion with FC-43 emulsion, most of the sinusoidal endothelia were denuded, and the microvilli of the hepatocytes all but disappeared. In contrast, the ultrastructure of rat livers perfused with red blood cell medium for 4 hr was unaltered. The accumulation of nascent lipoproteins in perfusates of FC-43-perfused livers was markedly reduced, and no normal very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein were isolated. Chemical analysis showed the presence of Pluronic F-68 in all lipoprotein fractions. Our data strongly suggest that, during recirculating liver perfusions with FC-43 emulsion (between 1 and 4 hr), the nonionic surfactant detergent Pluronic F-68 dissociated from the emulsion and markedly affected hepatic structure, lipoprotein secretion and the composition of lipoproteins isolated from perfusate. Therefore FC-43 emulsion is not a suitable liver-perfusion medium for studies of lipoprotein metabolism.
Reply to C. Fontanella et al
Authors: Hatem A. Azim, Evandro de Azambuja, Dominique Agbor-tarh, Ian Bradbury
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

We thank Fontanella et al 1 in commenting on our work evaluating the association between lapatinib-related toxicities, age, and pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients enrolled onto the NeoALTTO (Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation) phase III trial. 2 We found that the prevalence of lapatinib-related rash differed according to patient age, in addition to a significant association between the development of "early" rash and pCR, particularly in elderly patients.Fonatanella et al performed what appears to be a similar analysis on patients who were treated with chemotherapy in combination with lapatinib as a part of the Gepar-Quinto neoadjuvant phase III trial. 3Contrary to our findings, they did not find any significant association between age and skin rash, either in prevalence of skin toxicity or in the association with pCR. 4 In response to that, we would like to clarify some points that we believe are fundamental and could well explain the apparently different results:
The Volunteer Medical Faculty
Authors: J. Philip Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The faculty structure of today's medical school scarcely resembles that of 15 years ago. Liberal financial assistance, particularly from governmental sources, has enabled schools to build substantial clinical departments of full-time members. Yet, in most institutions a dedicated volunteer faculty, estimated at 30,000 practitioners<sup>1</sup>continues to contribute substantial time and talent in traditional fashion. It was estimated that in 1960 practicing physicians contributed the equivalent of $28,200,000 worth of professional time as teachers. And in city ("charity") hospitals physicians continue to teach and give other service without remuneration.<sup>2</sup> Such "volunteerism" is obviously becoming archaic. The medically indigent population will be nonexistent by legislative design within the next ten years. Increasing funds collected from government fee for service benefits, as well as private sources, are accumulating in hospital treasuries. Resentment is building as the volunteer is asked to verify services rendered on voucher forms for fees
AN AGGRESSIVE WEIGHT AND FAT LOSS NUTRITIONAL STRATEGY IN A MALE ARTISTIC GYMNAST: A CASE STUDY
Authors: M Keil, R Farquarhson, A Little, L Fawcett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

A case study describing the nutritional interventions with an elite artistic male gymnast, whose performance was being inhibited by repeated injury. We aimed to obtain a rapid reduction in body fat (BF) and body mass (BM), to reduce the load through the knee, ankle joints, and connective tissues. Training and nutritional strategies were adjusted to maximise BF and BM loss, whilst maintaining lean mass (LM). A prescriptive nutritional programme was designed which varied each day, to account for changes in daily training sessions. Protein was maintained at 2 g/kg BM, split in to regular 15 g snacks or 25–30 g meals. Calcium was maintained at 1000 mg through low-fat dairy consumption. Omega 3 fats were obtained through a supplement and 30 g portions of mixed seeds. Carbohydrates were obtained through low-moderate glycaemic index foods at all meal times. On rest days, carbohydrates were omitted from the evening meal. Caffeine was used prior to specific training sessions. A maintenance dose of creatine (5 g/d) and branched chain amino acid (5 g/d) supplement was used to help maintain LM. High antioxidant foods were consumed throughout the day to maintain polyphenol intake. Weight was monitored on a weekly basis. Body composition before and after was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and skinfolds were used to monitor BF before and at the mid-point, between DXA. BM reduced from 71.4 kg to 66.5 kg over a 6 week period, totalling 4.9 kg reduction. BF fell by 5.3 kg, taking fat from 16.8% to 9.7%. LM increased from 56.6 kg to 57.1 kg and bone mineral content (kg) and density (g/cm 3 ) remained unchanged. Sum of 8 skinfolds fell from 85 mm to 59 mm. A well-controlled nutritional plan combining energy restrictions with training modifications was successful in reducing BM and BF. LM increased during this period. Self-reported immune status was not compromised, with the absence of any symptoms of illness/infection.
Response to Comment on McIntyre. Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Rationed or Rationally Related to Risk? Diabetes Care 2013;36:2879–2880
Authors: Harold David McIntyre
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Dr. Ryan (1) questions the arguments advanced in favor of the American Diabetes Association (ADA)/International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) diagnostic process and criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (2) and vigorously supports a “minimal change” approach to GDM diagnosis. Several of his points deserve comment.

With respect to “two-step” testing, O’Sullivan’s (3) initial cohort of 752 women did undergo a nonfasting, 1-h 50-g glucose “challenge” test (GCT) prior to their 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, the OGTT was performed on all women (752 /986) who attended for testing , irrespective of …
Distinct and Essential Roles of Transcription Factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 in Response to Viruses for IFN-α/β Gene Induction
Authors: Mitsuharu Sato, Hirofumi Suemori, Naoki Hata, Masataka Asagiri, Kouetsu Ogasawara, Kazuki Nakao, Takeo Nakaya, Motoya Katsuki, Shigeru Noguchi, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Tadatsugu Taniguchi
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Innate lymphoid cells integrate stromal and immunological signals to enhance antibody production by splenic marginal zone B cells
Authors: Giuliana Magri, Michio Miyajima, Sabrina Bascones, Arthur Mortha, Irene Puga, Linda Cassis, Carolina M Barra, Laura Comerma, Aleksey Chudnovskiy, Maurizio Gentile, David Llige, Montserrat Cols, Sergi Serrano, Juan Ignacio Aróstegui, Manel Juan, Jordi Yagüe, Miriam Merad, Sidonia Fagarasan, Andrea Cerutti
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
TGF-β induces proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factorsvia parallel but distinct Smad pathways
Authors: Takahiko Nakagawa, Jin H. Li, Gabriela Garcia, Wei Mu, Ester Piek, Erwin P. Böttinger, Yan Chen, Hong J. Zhu, Duk-Hee Kang, George F. Schreiner, Hui Y. Lan, Richard J. Johnson
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
New Recommendations for CHF
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Carbohydrate Restriction in Obese Diabetics: Relationship of Control to Weight Loss
Authors: J. R. Wall, D. A. Pyke, W. G. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Two hundred newly diagnosed, fat diabetics were studied to determine whether control of the diabetes depended on loss of weight or on carbohydrate restriction alone. Satisfactory control was achieved by dietary treatment alone in 159 patients 30 required oral hypoglycaemic drugs and 11 were 18 of whom had actually gained weight. Of the remaining patients, 30 required oral hypoglycaemic drugs and 11 were still uncontrolled but not yet on other treatment. The mean initial excess weight of all 200 patients was 28%. Of those who remained uncontrolled on diet alone the mean initial excess weight (31%) was slightly but not significantly greater than that of those who were controlled (27%). Patients who were controlled lost slightly more weight than patients who were not, but their excess weight at the time of control was still 21%. We conclude that in 80% of obese diabetics control can be achieved by diet alone and that it is usually independent of weight loss.
An open clinical trial of sulphamethoxypyridazine in the treatment of mucous membrane pemphigoid
Authors: M. Thornhill, M. Pemberton, J. Buchanan, E. Theaker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Twenty-five patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), whose oral lesions were unresponsive to topical steroid treatment, were treated with 1 g daily of sulphamethoxypyridazine (SMXP), a long-acting sulphonamide antibiotic, in an open prospective clinical trial. Lesion severity was assessed objectively in a semiquantitative fashion before treatment and after 14 weeks of treatment. The patient’s subjective assessment of the associated pain or discomfort, using a visual analogue scale, was also recorded at these times. Three patients (12%) were withdrawn from the study owing to side-effects or complications, one due to an allergic reaction, the other two because of significant haemolysis. For the remainder there was a significant improvement in the mean objective clinical scores for desquamative gingivitis, other oral lesions, conjunctival inflammation, nasal, vulvovaginal and skin involvement, after 14 weeks treatment with SMXP (all P < 0·001, except skin P < 0·01). Only conjunctival scarring showed no improvement. In addition, there was a significant improvement (P < 0·001) in the pain scores for the mouth, eyes, nose, vulvovaginal region and skin. The results indicate that with appropriate monitoring SMXP is an effective treatment for MMP and compares favourably with other systemic agents used in the management of this condition.
Complement components and IgE in patients with asthma and aspirin idiosyncrasy.
Authors: J C Delaney, A B Kay
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Levels of circulating IgE, total haemolytic complement, and components C4 and C3 were measured in 16 asthmatics with aspirin idiosyncrasy and in control subjects. IgE levels were mostly within normal limits. No differences were found between the complement profiles-in particular the C4 levels-in the two groups. As low levels of C4 have been found in patients with intrinsic asthma, these results would suggest a fundamental difference between asthmatics with aspirin idiosyncrasy and others with intrinsic asthma.
Infectivity-Enhanced Cyclooxygenase-2-Based Conditionally Replicative Adenoviruses for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Treatment
Authors: Julia Davydova, Long P. Le, Tatyana Gavrikova, Minghui Wang, Victor Krasnykh, Masato Yamamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The employment of conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAd) constitutes a promising alternative for cancer treatment; however, in the case of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) the lack of an appropriate tumor-specific promoter and relative resistance to adenovirus infection have hampered the construction of CRAds with clinically applicable specificity and efficacy. By combining transcriptional targeting with infectivity enhancement for CRAds, we generated novel cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) promoter-controlled replicative viral agents for the treatment of EAC. We used infectivity enhancement based on incorporation of an RGD-4C motif into the HI loop of the adenoviral (Ad) fiber knob domain as well as replacement of the Ad5 knob with the Ad3 knob. The Cox-2 promoter was highly active in EAC, whereas showing no significant activity in Cox-2-negative cell lines and primary cells isolated from normal mouse esophagus and stomach. Evaluation of infectivity-enhanced vectors revealed that the transduction and virus-cell binding ability of Ad5/Ad3-chimera were significantly more efficient than that of unmodified and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-modified vectors. All of the Cox-2 CRAds demonstrated replication and subsequent oncolysis in EAC cells but not in Cox-2-negative cells in vitro, thus confirming the dependence of their replication on the Cox-2 promoter activity. Ad5/Ad3 CRAds exhibited significantly improved oncolysis and progeny production compared with unmodified and RGD-modified vectors without sacrificing tumor selectivity. Whereas unmodified and RGD-modified CRAds showed insignificant therapeutic effect in vivo, Ad5/Ad3 CRAds remarkably suppressed tumor growth of established xenografts in mice. Thus, our studies have demonstrated that Ad5/Ad3-chimeric Cox-2 promoter-driven CRAds are selective and potent agents for the treatment of EAC.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Lamin B1 duplications cause autosomal dominant leukodystrophy
Authors: Quasar S Padiath, Kazumasa Saigoh, Raphael Schiffmann, Hideaki Asahara, Takeshi Yamada, Anulf Koeppen, Kirk Hogan, Louis J Ptáček, Ying-Hui Fu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Letter: Death during dental anaesthesia.
Authors: W N Rollason
Journal: BMJ (1974)

1: 16).After the epidemic 89 (77%) had a four-fold titre rise.Of those under 20 years of age 46 out of 50 had posi,tive titres after the infection.Clinical illness occurred in over 50% of infected subjects.Five years later a follow-up study was done using 75-g oral carbohydrate load glucose tolerance test.Serum neutralizing antibody titres and two-hour plasma glucose levels were measured.Of the 136 persons under 25 years of age (M.= 65, F.= 71) the highest two-hour plasma glucose was 133 mg/100 ml.Persistence of positive titre levels was also documented since 77% of these subjects had a positive neutralizing antibody titre level.Even though it was in the young diabetic that Dr. Gamble and his colleagues were able to show the strongest association with positive Coxsackie B4 titres we could not show that Coxsackie B4 infection caused a single case of diabetes, though the attack rate in the 136 under 20 years of age at the time of the epidemic was extremely high.-We are, etc.,