tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of accelerated rehabilitation on function after ankle sprain: randomised controlled trial
Authors: C. M. Bleakley, S. R. O'Connor, M. A. Tully, L. G. Rocke, D. C. MacAuley, I. Bradbury, S. Keegan, S. M. McDonough
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To compare an accelerated intervention incorporating early therapeutic exercise after acute ankle sprains with a standard protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation intervention. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial with blinded outcome assessor. <b>Setting</b> Accident and emergency department and university based sports injury clinic. <b>Participants</b> 101 patients with an acute grade 1 or 2 ankle sprain. <b>Interventions</b> Participants were randomised to an accelerated intervention with early therapeutic exercise (exercise group) or a standard protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation intervention (standard group). <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was subjective ankle function (lower extremity functional scale). Secondary outcomes were pain at rest and on activity, swelling, and physical activity at baseline and at one, two, three, and four weeks after injury. Ankle function and rate of reinjury were assessed at 16 weeks. <b>Results</b> An overall treatment effect was in favour of the exercise group (P=0.0077); this was significant at both week 1 (baseline adjusted difference in treatment 5.28, 98.75% confidence interval 0.31 to 10.26; P=0.008) and week 2 (4.92, 0.27 to 9.57; P=0.0083). Activity level was significantly higher in the exercise group as measured by time spent walking (1.2 hours, 95% confidence interval 0.9 to 1.4 <i>v</i> 1.6, 1.3 to 1.9), step count (5621 steps, 95% confidence interval 4399 to 6843 <i>v</i> 7886, 6357 to 9416), and time spent in light intensity activity (53 minutes, 95% confidence interval 44 to 60 <i>v</i> 76, 58 to 95). The groups did not differ at any other time point for pain at rest, pain on activity, or swelling. The reinjury rate was 4% (two in each group). <b>Conclusion</b> An accelerated exercise protocol during the first week after ankle sprain improved ankle function; the group receiving this intervention was more active during that week than the group receiving standard care. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13903946.
TCT-554 Long Stents are Likely to be Under-expanded with Stent Delivery Balloon, Post-stent Optimal Coherence Tomography Assessment
Authors: Hiroyuki Shibata, Yoichi Kijima, Tomoya Masano, Ryoji Nagoshi, Amane Kozuki, Kimitake Imamura, Yoshiro Tsukiyama, Kenichi Yanaka, Shinsuke Nakano, Junya Shite
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Color Doppler Ultrasound and Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Bruce L. Davidson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 June 1993Color Doppler Ultrasound and Deep Venous ThrombosisBruce L. Davidson, MD, C. Gregory Elliott, MD, and Anthonie W. A. Lensing, MDBruce L. Davidson, MDSearch for more papers by this author, C. Gregory Elliott, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Anthonie W. A. Lensing, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Neither Dr. Merrell and colleagues nor Dr. White challenges our conclusion that color Doppler ultrasound examinations are insensitive to proximal deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic high-risk patients after hip or knee arthroplasty [1].Dr. Merrell and colleagues question our selection of only seven sites from the larger RD Heparin Arthroplasty Group trial that met the prospective entry criteria. The LDS Hospital peripheral vascular laboratory used gray-scale imaging and compression (not color Doppler); therefore, data from their center and other centers not using color Doppler ultrasound were excluded. Results from duplex scans at their center are the subject of ...References1. Davidson BL, Elliott CG, Lensing AW, for the RD Heparin Arthroplasty Group. Low accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound in the detection of proximal leg vein thrombosis in asymptomatic high-risk patients. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:735-8. Google Scholar2. Elliott CG, Suchyta M, Rose SL, Talbot S, Ford C, Raskob G, et al. Duplex ultrasonography for the detection of deep vein thrombi after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Angiology. 1993; 44:26-33. Google Scholar3. Ginsberg JS, Caco CC, Brill-Edwards PA, Panju AA, Bona R, Demers CM, et al. Venous thrombosis in patients who have undergone major hip or knee surgery: detection with compression ultrasound and impedance plethysmography. Radiology. 1991; 181:735-8. Google Scholar4. Borris LC, Christiansen HM, Larsen MR, Lassen MR, Olsen AD, Scott P. Comparison of real-time B-mode ultrasonography and bilateral ascending phlebography for detection of postoperative deep vein thrombosis following elective hip surgery. The Venous Thrombosis Group. Thromb Haemostas. 1989; 61:363-5. Google Scholar5. Froelich JA, Dorfman GS, Cronan JJ, Urbanek PJ, Herndon JH, Aaron RK. Compression ultrasonography for the detection of deep venous thrombosis in patients who have a fracture of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg (Am). 1989; 71:249-56. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 11Page: 906-907KeywordsArthroplastyDeep vein thrombosisPatientsRadiologistsResearch designResearch laboratoriesSpecificityTechniciansUltrasound imagingVeins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Taxonomic ranks, generic species, and core memes
Authors: Scott Atran
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The target article contains a number of distinct but interrelated claims about the cognitive nature of folk biology based in part on cross-cultural work with urbanized Americans and forest-dwelling Maya Indians. Folk biology consists universally of a ranked taxonomy centered on essence-based generic species. This taxonomy is domain-specific, perhaps an innately determined evolutionary adaptation. Folk biology also plays a special role in cultural evolution in general, and in the development of Western biological science in particular. Even in our culture, however, it retains an autonomy from other domains of thought and from science. These claims are questioned and clarified.
Estrogen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: William L. McGuire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Specific quantitative techniques have been used to measure the cytoplasmic estradiol-binding protein (EBP) in human mammary carcinoma tissue specimens. Sucrose gradient centrifugation reveals EBP to sediment at 8S and 4S. Variable quantities of non-specific estradiol binding occurs in the 4S region of the sucrose gradient necessitating controls to insure specificity of the estradiol protein interaction. Using dextran-coated charcoal to separate bound from free estradiol Scatchard analysis finds the dissociation constant of the estradiol EBP interaction to be approximately 2.6x10(-10) M, indicative of the very high affinity of the ligand for the EBP. Quantitation of EBP sites in 64 primary and metastatic human breast tumors demonstrates a continuous spectrum of values from 0 to 612 fmol per mg of cytoplasmic protein. Specific 8S binding in the sucrose gradient centrifugation was not detected in specimens containing less than 9.0 fmol EBP per mg cytoplasmic protein. Since data from animal breast tumors and preliminary evidence from human breast tumors indicates an excellent correlation between the presence of abundant tumor EBP and endocrine-induced breast cancer regressions, precise quantitation of EBP in all human primary tumors may prove to be an excellent prognosticator of endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer.
Prisoner with AIDS is released to die at home
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A South African prisoner who was convicted of murder and who has AIDS has won the right through the courts to die at home with his family.

The case had come before the country's High Court after the Correctional Services Department (which runs the prisons) had turned down the prisoner's request. The department had wanted to seek a second medical opinion. The prisoner had not been treated with antiretroviral drugs, although this treatment should be available in the country's prisons.

No accurate figures are available for the prevalence of HIV and AIDS in South African prisons. However, the number of deaths among prisoners from what is known as “natural causes” has risen steeply–deaths that AIDS activists …
Long-term Efficacy and Resource Utilization After Treatment With Budesonide and Formoterol Administered via One Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (pMDI) Compared With Budesonide Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) Alone in Children With Asthma
Authors: W BERGER, J LEFLEIN, T URYNIAK, C OBRIEN, L ODOWD
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor: A novel receptor for intravenous immunoglobulin mediates induction of regulatory T cells
Authors: Amir H Massoud, Madelaine Yona, Di Xue, Fazila Chouiali, Haydar Alturaihi, Aidan Ablona, Walid Mourad, Ciriaco A Piccirillo, Bruce D Mazer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The cardioprotective and mitochondrial depolarising properties of exogenous nitric oxide in mouse heart
Authors: R Bell
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO) is reported to be both protective and detrimental in models of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury, which may be concentration dependent. Our objective was to characterise this dichotomy using the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) in isolated perfused mouse heart and isolated mouse cardiac mitochondria.To determine the effect of nitric oxide concentration on myocardial viability, isolated mouse hearts were subjected to 35 min global ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion in the presence of SNAP (0.02-20 microM). To determine whether NO mediated protection was via opening of the putative mitochondrial K(ATP) channel and/or free radical synthesis, SNAP perfused hearts were also treated with the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blocker, 5-hydroxy decanoate (5-HD) and the free-radical scavenger, N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG). This data was correlated with mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi(m)), measured with the potentiometric dye, tetra-methyl rhodium methyl ester (TMRM), in isolated mitochondria,by flow cytometry.SNAP dose-dependently attenuated infarct size, with maximal protection observed at 2 microM (17+/-4% versus controls 32+/-3%, P<0.01). At greater concentrations however, protection was lost with infarct sizes tending towards control at 20 microM (29+/-3%). These results were paralleled by changes in Delta Psi(m) in the isolated mitochondria: Delta Psi(m) depolarisation peaking with 1 microM SNAP (26+/-4% shift in TMRM fluorescence, P<0.01); at greater concentrations, this relationship was lost. The mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blocker, 5-HD, resulted in both abrogation of SNAP infarct size reduction and concomitant loss of Delta Psi(m) depolarisation in the mitochondria. MPG however did not influence the cardioprotective properties of SNAP.We demonstrate that nitric oxide can mediate cardioprotection in a dose-dependent fashion by an effect that may be related to Delta Psi(m). Both cardioprotection and Delta Psi(m) changes are sensitive to 5-HD and the cardioprotection appears independent of free-radical synthesis.
Protein Electrophoresis of Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage in Penetrating Bowel Injuries
Authors: David Bar-Or
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Protein electrophoresis was performed on the lavage effluent of dogs after isolated jejunal (N = 7) or transverse colon (N = 5) injuries and after sham operations (N = 5). The beta-globulin fraction was significantly elevated in the bowel-injured dogs as compared with the sham model. Protein electrophoresis may provide a useful diagnostic marker of hollow visceral injury.
A.T.S. Cervical Polyradiculitis Treated by Cortisone
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The laxative effect of sorbitol was compared with the control glucose at a dosage level of 25 g. a day for 86 subjects; observations included the number of motions, and incidence of wind and of discomfort or pain.Dis- comfort and marked laxation were experienced by five subjects, two of these failing to complete the test.The remainder showed no significant difference from the glucose control with the exception of a slight tendency to wind after ingesting sorbitol.No known diabetics were allowed to participate in the tests.Acknowledgment is made to Messrs. Howards of I4ford Ltd.for assistance in facilitating these tests.
Changes in Antibiotic Prescribing for Children After a Community-wide Campaign
Authors: Joseph F. Perz
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Overuse of antibiotics has contributed to microbial resistance, compromising the treatment of bacterial infections. Very high levels (>50%) of antibiotic resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae have been documented in Knox County, Tennessee.To determine the effectiveness of a community-wide intervention aimed at reducing inappropriate antibiotic use among children.The Knox County Health Department led a multifaceted year-long campaign (May 1997 through April 1998) aimed at decreasing unnecessary antibiotic use among children. Tennessee's 3 other major urban counties (Shelby, Hamilton, and Davidson) did not conduct similar campaigns and served as controls. Evaluation included white and black children (aged <15 years) enrolled in Tennessee's Medicaid Managed Care Program in the 4 study counties, representing 36% of the study counties' children (464 200 person-years observed).Educational efforts were directed toward health care practitioners (primarily via peer leader presentations) and to the parents of young children and the public (primarily via printed materials).The intervention-attributable effect on antibiotic use, defined as the excess percentage change in oral antibiotic prescription rates in Knox County between the 12-month preintervention and postintervention periods, relative to that of control counties.Antibiotic prescription rates declined 19% and 8% among Knox County and control county children, respectively, yielding an 11% intervention-attributable decline (95% confidence interval, 8%-14%; P<.001). The intervention-attributable decrease in prescription rates was greatest among children aged 1 to less than 5 years (among white children, 8% [P<.001]; among black children, 18% [P<.001]).A community-wide educational intervention reduced antibiotic prescription levels among children in Knox County.
In patients taking fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 100/50$mu;g DiskusS for asthma, the addition of fluticasone propionate nasal spray 200$mu;g QD to treat concomitant allergic rhinitis has a safety profile comparable to the addition of montelukast 10mg QD or placebo*1
Authors: R.A. Nathan, E. Philpot, M. Faris, B. Prillaman, S. Yancey, P. Dorinsky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Referrals from general practice to hospital outpatient departments: a strategy for improvement.
Authors: J. Emmanuel, N. Walter
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the appropriateness of referrals from general practice to hospital outpatient departments.Prospective audit of referrals from a group practice over one year.Six handed practice in a southern coastal town.All patients referred during the study period for whom a copy of the referral letter was available.The investigations carried out by the consultant that led to the diagnosis; the diagnosis reached; and the management.Of roughly 3000 patients referred during the year, 277 with various skin and soft tissue disorders could probably have been managed solely by the general practitioner. Referrals for cryotherapy (96 in this series) and diabetes (19) could probably also have been avoided by specialist training of the general practitioner. In addition, in cases of haematuria and prostatic hypertrophy (34 and 22 referrals) substantial time could have been saved for both the patient and the consultant had the general practitioner supplied the results of relevant investigations. Probably the most important outcome was the model that the study offered for other general practitioners to improve the appropriateness of referrals.This approach to determining the appropriateness of referrals benefits the general practitioners, the consultant, and the patient.
Indirect Basophil Degranulation Test for Allergy to Penicillin and Other Drugs
Authors: Walter B. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Penicillin has become a leading cause of allergic reactions, which range in severity from mild pruritus to sudden death. Testing for sensitivity to penicillin is necessary, but hazardous, since occasional fatalities from the skin test itself have been recorded. An in vitro test has therefore been developed. This indirect basophil degranulation test requires one drop each of the patient's serum, of the penicillin solution, and of rabbit leukocytes (buffy coat). A positive reaction is a progressive degranulation observed in the basophil cells. In severe reactions the cell granules are extruded slowly or even explosively. The method has been tested and contratested in many patients. It can be extended not only to the newer synthetic penicillins but also to other drugs such as the sulfonamides and local anesthetics.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Kilovolt Peak–Switching Dual-Energy CT Coronary Angiography in Patients With a High Calcium Score
Authors: Daniele Andreini, Gianluca Pontone, Saima Mushtaq, Erika Bertella, Edoardo Conte, Chiara Segurini, Marta Giovannardi, Andrea Baggiano, Andrea Annoni, Alberto Formenti, Maria Petullà, Virginia Beltrama, Valentina Volpato, Antonio L. Bartorelli, Daniela Trabattoni, Cesare Fiorentini, Mauro Pepi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Case-control study of leukaemia among young people near La Hague nuclear reprocessing plant: the environmental hypothesis revisited
Authors: D. Pobel, J.-F. Viel
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the association between childhood leukaemia and established risk factors or other factors related to La Hague nuclear waste reprocessing plant. <b>Design:</b> Case-control study. <b>Setting:</b> Area within a 35 km radius of La Hague, Normandy, France. <b>Subjects:</b> Twenty seven cases of leukaemia diagnosed during the period 1978-93 in people aged under 25 years and 192 controls matched for sex, age, place of birth, and residence at time of diagnosis. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Antenatal and postnatal exposure to<i>x</i> rays and viral infections, occupational exposure of parents (particularly ionising radiation), living conditions, lifestyle of parents and children. <b>Results:</b> Increased trends were found for use of local beaches by mothers and children (P&lt;0.01); relative risks 2.87 (95% confidence intervals 1.05 to 8.72) and 4.49 (1.52 to 15.23) when categories were aggregated in two levels (more or less than once a month). Consumption of local fish and shellfish also showed an increased trend (P 0.01); relative risk 2.66 (0.91 to 9.51) when categories were grouped in two levels (more or less than once a week). A relative risk of 1.18 a year (1.03 to 1.42) was observed for length of residence in a granite-built house or in a granitic area. No association was shown with occupational radiation exposure in parents. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is some convincing evidence in childhood leukaemia of a causal role for environmental radiation exposure from recreational activities on beaches. New methods for identifying the environmental pathways, focusing on marine ecosystems, are warranted. <h3>Key messages</h3> The reasons for leukaemia clusters around nuclear installations remain unknown La Hague in France (the other two are Sellafield and Dounreay in Britain) is one of the three nuclear reprocessing plants operating in the world on an industrial scale, and offers an independent opportunity for research Some lifestyle risk factors (use of local beaches, consumption of fish and shellfish) were associated with the development of leukaemia among young people Some convincing evidence was found of a causal role for environmental radiation exposure, whereas no association was found with fathers9 occupational exposure to radiation
DETECTING LEAKS IN BASAL METABOLISM APPARATUS
Authors: H. F. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —In a communication inThe Journal, Nov. 25, 1922, p. 1868, Dr. Lynch of Dallas advocates the use of coal gas and a flame for the detection of leaks in the Benedict form of basal metabolism apparatus. We regard such a procedure as dangerous, involving, as it does, the possibility of an explosive mixture of gas and air being formed in the tubes and chamber of the apparatus. The use of coal gas is open to objection on other grounds, namely, that certain constituents of the gas are soluble in rubber, and rubber tubing so contaminated may continue to give off unpleasant odors for some time even after a thorough ventilation of the apparatus. Such odors may impair the accuracy of a basal metabolism determination by nauseating the patient under examination.  The method of painting soap-suds over the sites of suspected leaks while applying pressure to the
Osteomalacia with Pseudofractures Caused by the Ingestion of Aluminum Hydroxide
Authors: Walter L. Bloom
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Osteomalacia in the adult is usually attributed to defect in renal tubular reabsorption, or to the failure to respond to vitamin D, or to the loss of excessive amounts of calcium in the feces.<sup>1</sup>The case reported presents severe osteomalacia with pseudofractures in a patient who ingested large amounts of aluminum hydroxide. <h3>Report of Case</h3> During the last five years, a 50-year-old housewife gradually developed an increase in diffuse back and leg pain. She noted much discomfort in her feet from time to time, with difficulty in "taking-off." Several physicians had seen her and various shoe changes had been suggested and tried. None, however, provided any relief of the symptoms. An internist felt that there was some osteoporosis and administered estrogen therapy. She herself stopped this hormone treatment because of a lump in her breast. She was seen occasionally by one of us during the past two years. When