tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversibly injured, postischemic canine myocardium retains normal contractile reserve.
Authors: B R Ito, H Tate, M Kobayashi, W Schaper
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Transient coronary occlusion (15 minutes) does not result in irreversible myocardial injury but is associated with a depression of contractile function sustained for several hours to days ("stunned myocardium"). The defect in the contractile process responsible for this phenomenon has been suggested to be causally related to a reduced energetic state, altered excitation or excitation-contraction coupling, or damaged contractile filaments. The purpose of this study was to attempt to exclude one or more of these hypotheses by evaluating the contractile reserve of reperfused myocardium. Regional subendocardial segment function was measured (sonomicrometry) in a control region and in an area (treatment region) perfused by a carotid artery to anterior descending coronary artery bypass in 13 chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Dose-response curves were constructed from changes in segment shortening (%SS) in response to intracoronary calcium infusion before ischemia and following 5 or 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion (30 minutes). Calcium infusion before ischemia resulted in dose-dependent increases in %SS in the treatment area to a maximum value of 36.6% from a preinfusion value of 25.5% (p less than 0.01), in the absence of changes in control region shortening (23.7%). After 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion, treatment area %SS had fallen to a depressed but stable level (46% of preischemic values; p less than 0.01). Subsequent calcium infusion at the same doses as in the preischemic trial produced increases in treatment segment function with return of shortening to control levels at an intermediate dose. At the highest dose, %SS was 35.4%, which was not different from the maximal value found in the preischemic trial. Alterations in heart rate and left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures during calcium infusion were minor and similar before and after ischemia. Calcium-induced increases in regional segment shortening above control levels (113% of control) in reperfused myocardium were sustained with continuous infusion (30 minutes) without deleterious effects on subsequent function. These results demonstrate that stunned myocardium in this model retains a normal contractile reserve in response to calcium, suggesting that the mechanism responsible for postischemic contractile dysfunction involves calcium.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Advanced Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract: A Study by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: A. Bamias, Ch. Deliveliotis, G. Fountzilas, D. Gika, A. Anagnostopoulos, M.P. Zorzou, E. Kastritis, C. Constantinides, P. Kosmidis, M.A. Dimopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Radical surgery represents the treatment of choice for carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Nevertheless, approximately 50% of patients with stage T >/= 3 or lymph node involvement die from their disease, mainly as a result of the development of distant metastases. Therefore, there is a need for effective adjuvant systemic treatment. We prospectively studied a cohort of patients who underwent surgery for high-risk carcinoma of the upper urinary tract to assess the feasibility of the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin as adjuvant treatment.Thirty-six patients with tumor stage >/= 3 or lymph node involvement were treated with four cycles of paclitaxel at 175 mg/m(2) and carboplatin (area under the curve 5, Calvert Formula) every 3 weeks following surgery.Median follow-up was 40.6 months. Chemotherapy was well tolerated with 32 patients (89%) receiving full carboplatin and paclitaxel doses without delays. The most frequent grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia (39%), which was complicated with fever in only one case (3%). Nonhematologic grade 3 or 4 toxicities were reported in only one case. Five-year survival was 52% (95% CI, 35% to 69%), while 5-year disease-free survival was 40.2% (95% CI, 15.8% to 64.6%). Local failure rate was 30%, as opposed to 17% of patients who developed distant metastases. No patients with grade 2 tumors relapsed during follow-up, as opposed to 60% of patients with grade 3 tumors.Adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin is feasible and may reduce the risk of distant metastases in high-risk upper urinary tract carcinoma.
Potent inhibition of human gastric cancer by HER2-directed induction of apoptosis with anti-HER2 antibody and caspase-3 fusion protein
Authors: D.-X. Zhang, P.-T. Zhao, L. Xia, L.-L. Liu, J. Liang, H.-H. Zhai, H.-B. Zhang, X.-G. Guo, K.-C. Wu, Y.-M. Xu, L.-T. Jia, A.-G. Yang, S.-Y. Chen, D.-M. Fan
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> <i>HER2</i>, an oncogene, has been found to be over-expressed in 10–40% of human gastric carcinomas. The aims of this study were to investigate if a fusion protein consisting of anti-HER2 sFv and constitutively active caspase-3 was capable of inducing apoptosis in HER2-expressing human gastric cancer cells and blocking the growth of human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice. <h3>Methods</h3> NIH3T3 cells stably transduced with the pcDNA3.1-HER-PE-CP3 recombinant plasmid containing a secretion signal, a single-chain anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody fragment, a Pseudomonas exotoxin A translocation domain and a constitutively active caspase-3 molecule were used to induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to examine the expression of the recombinant protein HER-PE-CP3. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. <h3>Results</h3> Co-cultivation of HER-PE-CP3/ NIH3T3 with human gastric cancer cells led to internalisation of HER-PE-CP3 and apoptosis in HER2-expressing human gastric cancer cells but not in HER2-negative cancer cells. Inoculation of HER-PE-CP3/NIH3T3 in nude mice resulted in potent inhibition of human gastric cancer xenografts and much prolonged survival time of the tumour-bearing mice compared with the control. Significantly more apoptotic cells were detected in xenografts in mice receiving HER-PE-CP3/NIH3T3 than in control mice. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The HER-PE-CP3 chimeric molecule could induce selective apoptosis and potent growth inhibition of HER2-positive human gastric cancer cells and might represent a novel HER2-directed treatment option for human gastric cancer.
Computational Anthropomorphic Models of the Human Anatomy: The Path to Realistic Monte Carlo Modeling in Radiological Sciences
Authors: Habib Zaidi, Xie George Xu
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2007)

The widespread availability of high-performance computing and popularity of simulations stimulated the development of computational anthropomorphic models of the human anatomy for medical imaging modalities and dosimetry calculations. The widespread interest in molecular imaging spurred the development of more realistic three- to five-dimensional computational models based on the actual anatomy and physiology of individual humans and small animals. These can be defined by either mathematical (analytical) functions or digital (voxel-based) volume arrays (or a combination of both), thus allowing the simulation of medical imaging data that are ever closer to actual patient data. The paradigm shift away from the stylized human models is imminent with the development of more than 30 voxel-based tomographic models in recent years based on anatomical medical images. We review the fundamental and technical challenges of designing computational models of the human anatomy, and focus particularly on the latest developments and future directions of their application in the simulation of radiological imaging systems and dosimetry calculations.
Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea
Authors: Fredrik Valham, Thomas Mooe, Terje Rabben, Hans Stenlund, Urban Wiklund, Karl A. Franklin
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The effect of sleep apnea on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity is mainly unknown. We aimed to study whether sleep apnea is related to stroke, death, or myocardial infarction in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease.A total of 392 men and women with coronary artery disease referred for coronary angiography were examined by use of overnight sleep apnea recordings. Sleep apnea, defined as an apnea-hypopnea index >or=5, was recorded in 54% of the patients. All patients were followed up prospectively for 10 years, and no one was lost to follow-up. Stroke occurred in 47 (12%) of 392 patients during follow-up. Sleep apnea was associated with an increased risk of stroke, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.89 (95% confidence interval 1.37 to 6.09, P=0.005), independent of age, body mass index, left ventricular function, diabetes mellitus, gender, intervention, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, and smoking. Patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of 5 to 15 and patients with an apnea-hypopnea index >or=15 had a 2.44 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 5.52) and 3.56 (95% confidence interval 1.56 to 8.16) times increased risk of stroke, respectively, than patients without sleep apnea, independent of confounders (P for trend=0.011). Death and myocardial infarction were not related to sleep apnea. Intervention in the form of coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention was related to a longer survival but did not affect the incidence of stroke.Sleep apnea is significantly associated with the risk of stroke among patients with coronary artery disease who are being evaluated for coronary intervention.
Requirements to Assess Feasibility of Phase 0 Trials during Major Abdominal Surgery: Variability of PARP Activity
Authors: Florian Heitz, Andreas du Bois, Justine Rochon, Stefanie Scheil-Bertram, Rita Hils, Annette Fisseler-Eckhoff, Jana Barinoff, Christine Kaub, Philipp Harter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of phase 0 trials in the setting of a routine surgical procedure. Logistic considerations, tissue sampling and tissue handling, and variability of a biomarker during surgery, in here PARP, were evaluated.Patients with highly suspicious or proven diagnosis of advanced ovarian cancer, planned for debulking surgery were asked to allow sequential tumor biopsies during surgery. Biopsies were frozen immediately and PARP activity was measured subsequently.Baseline biopsies were obtained from eight patients after a median time of 88 minutes (minimum of 50 to maximum of 123 minutes). Second and third biopsies were obtained after a median of 60 (32-96) and 101 (79-130) minutes, respectively. Mean tumor load was 44% (5%-100%), with a cellular viability of 98% (85%-100%). Median baseline PARP activity was 1035 pg/mL (range, 429-2663 pg/mL). The observed interpatient variability at baseline was large: SD was 0.59 after natural logarithm transformation.Conducting phase 0 trials during surgery seems to be feasible in terms of logistic considerations. In preparation of a phase 0 trial during surgery, a feasibility study like this should be conducted to rule out major interactions of the surgical intervention with respect to the targeted biomarker.
Prolonged atrio-ventricular conduction and aortic insufficiency
Authors: W. H. Herbert
Journal: Thorax (1970)

The haemodynamic and electrocardiographic data of 10 patients with aortic insufficiency were reviewed. None of them had received a digitalis preparation, and all had a significantly longer P-R interval than 10 similarly studied normal patients (mean P-R 0·213 and 0·153 second respectively, p&lt;0·001) thus corroborating previous reports of the association of atrio-ventricular conduction delay and aortic insufficiency. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was approximately the same or higher than pulmonary artery systolic pressure in three patients and higher than pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure in seven patients. An analysis of the timing of atrio-ventricular events suggested that an earlier atrial systole (due to P-R prolongation) enabled an increment of forward flow which would otherwise be precluded by the premature closure of the mitral valve associated with aortic insufficiency. Due to the advantageous timing, left atrial and therefore right heart pressures were lower, thus tending to protect the pulmonary vascular bed.
Changes in Attentional Performance of Children and Young Adults With Localized Primary Brain Tumors After Conformal Radiation Therapy
Authors: Erin N. Kiehna, Raymond K. Mulhern, Chenghong Li, Xiaoping Xiong, Thomas E. Merchant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To prospectively assess the impact of conformal radiation therapy (CRT) and demographic and clinical variables on four measures of attention in pediatric and young adult patients with localized primary brain tumors. Patients and Methods We prospectively evaluated 120 patients with primary brain tumors, ages 2 to 24.4 years (median, 9.2 years). Evaluations were done using the computerized Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT). We analyzed errors of omission (inattentiveness), errors of commission (impulsivity), reaction time, and an overall index of performance before CRT, weekly during CRT, and serially up to 60 months after the start of CRT. Results Before CRT, patients exhibited mild inattentiveness. During CRT, impulsivity decreased significantly (P = .002). After CRT, inattentiveness increased significantly (P = .03), and global attention disorders were associated with craniopharyngioma (P &lt; .0001), supratentorial tumors (P = .008), optic pathway and diencephalic tumors (P = .012), and subtotal resection of the tumor (P = .010). Conclusion Brain tumors and their treatment impair sustained attention and reaction time. A decline in impulsivity and relative stability of the other CCPT scores over the course of CRT demonstrated the absence of early radiation-related cognitive sequelae. Local tumor effects, initial surgical intervention, and focal irradiation of central structures contribute to long-lasting attentional problems in pediatric and young adult patients.
Inflammation and intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction in young patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: A Oksanen
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the oesophagus is a known risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the cardia and oesophagus has increased in Western countries simultaneously with a decrease in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> prevalence. <b>Aims:</b> To determine the association of <i>H pylori</i> infection with inflammation and IM at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) in young individuals. <b>Patients:</b> A total of 168 (121 women; 72%) consecutive outpatients, ≤45 years, undergoing gastroscopy, and with no prior <i>H pylori</i> eradication treatment. <b>Methods:</b> Biopsy specimens taken from the antrum, corpus, SCJ, and oesophagus were assessed according to the updated Sydney system, and type of IM (complete or incomplete) was determined. Serum samples from <i>H pylori</i> positive patients were studied for CagA antibodies. <b>Results:</b> In 86% of 37 patients with gastritis in the antrum and/or corpus (24 histologically <i>H pylori</i> positive) and in 23% of 125 patients with a healthy stomach, inflammation was present in the glandular mucosa at the SCJ. In the latter, cardiac mucosa more often than fundic mucosa at the SCJ was inflamed (p&lt;0.001), the inflammation was usually milder in nature, and was associated with signs of reflux disease. IM (incomplete or complete) at the SCJ was evident in nine of those 24 with a healthy stomach and inflamed cardiac mucosa at the SCJ but in none of those with <i>H pylori</i> gastritis. <b>Conclusions:</b> IM at the SCJ can also appear in young individuals in whom it seems to be associated with reflux related isolated inflammation in cardiac mucosa at the SCJ but not with <i>H pylori</i> gastritis.
Risk Perceptions and Psychosocial Outcomes of Women With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Longitudinal Results From a Cohort Study
Authors: A. Partridge, K. Adloff, E. Blood, E. C. Dees, C. Kaelin, M. Golshan, J. Ligibel, J. S. de Moor, J. Weeks, K. Emmons, E. Winer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

BackgroundDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has a generally favorable overall prognosis, with a systemic recurrence rate of approximately 1%, a local recurrence rate after mastectomy of 1%, and a local recurrence rate after breast-conserving treatment of less than 10%. Preliminary studies have suggested that women with DCIS may overestimate their risk of disease recurrence. Few data exist regarding psychosocial outcomes for women with DCIS.
Cost-effectiveness of Screening for Chlamydia Using DNA Amplification
Authors: Mehmet Genç
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Our economic evaluation reported in<i>JAMA</i>demonstrated that screening with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on first-catch urine testing positive with leukocyte esterase (LE) dipstick (LE-EIA screening), combined with contact tracing and treatment of positive cases with azithromycin, is the most cost-effective intervention strategy focusing on asymptomatic male carriers of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>.<sup>1</sup>At the time this evaluation was undertaken, data on the performance of the two recently introduced commercial DNA amplification assays (DAAs) for<i>C trachomatis</i>had not been published. Recently, several published reports demonstrated that these assays, based on either polymerase chain reaction (Amplicor<i>C trachomatis</i>, Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ) or ligase chain reaction (Abbott LCR Assay<i>C trachomatis</i>, Abbott Diagnostics, North Chicago, Ill) are significantly more sensitive than the EIA when testing urine for the diagnosis of asymptomatic chlamydial infections in males.<sup>2-5</sup>We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of screening with a DAA on LE-positive urine
Survival in Bone Sarcoma
Authors: Harry Platt
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cumulative incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers is overestimated: Figure 1
Authors: Andrew G Renehan
Journal: Gut (2011)

Parry and colleagues1 described the long-term follow-up in a large cohort of mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation carriers and estimated that among the 332 subjects who had segmental resections, the risk of metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) was 62% at 30 years after segmental colectomy. In this setting, the appropriate estimate of the probability of failure (ie, metachronous CRC) is cumulative incidence, but as illustrated by Gooley et al ,2 the complement of a Kaplan–Meier estimate (1-KM), as used in this paper, is often inappropriately used. In using 1-KM, the failures from a competing event (eg, …
MURC ENCODING MUSCLE-RESTRICTED COILED-COIL IS A NOVEL GENE FOR HUMAN DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Ali J. Marian, Gabriela Rodriguez, Grazyna Czernuszewicz, Simon Sims, Yanli Tan, Gerald W. Dorn, Roberta Bogaev, James Willerson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Autoimmune hepatitis: a histological variant associated with prominent centrilobular necrosis
Authors: H S Te, G Koukoulis, D R Ganger
Journal: Gut (1997)

A patient presented with pruritus and recent elevation of aminotransferases. The case fulfilled most of the criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and achieved clinical and complete biochemical response to steroid therapy. However, the liver biopsy specimen revealed an unusual histological pattern consisting of severe centrilobular necrosis demarcated by a thin rim of hepatitic reaction. In contrast, the portal tracts appeared almost normal. This histological appearance has not been associated with autoimmune hepatitis. This presentation and the histology may represent an early pattern of autoimmune injury to the liver.
Is Conflict of Interest Becoming a Challenge for Institution-Based Institutional Review Boards?
Authors: Ralph S. Freedman, Ross McKinney
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Expansion of business relationships between academic institutions and their leaders and industry have become a reality, whereas media attention regarding conflict of interest (COI) at academic institutions has raised concerns about possible erosion of public trust. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) should collaborate with institutional COI committees to ensure that research with human subjects is in compliance with various applicable federal regulations. The IRB and COI committee should take additional independent action as necessary under their separate mandates to protect the welfare, safety, and rights of human subjects and to include limits on protocols affected by significant financial interests of the institution or its decision makers. If unable to review research due to an intrainstitutional conflict, the local IRB should consider transferring the study review and oversight to an external unaffiliated institutional or central IRB. A process for involvement of an executive institutional IRB is proposed.
Posttraumatic Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: W. Lee Hand, Jay P. Sanford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A retrospective study on 16 adult patients was performed to characterize posttraumatic meningitis. Although eight patients developed meningitis within 2 weeks of injury, the delay was more than a year in four patients. All patients had either a demonstrable skull fracture or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, or both. Six patients had recurrent meningitis. Diplococcus pneumoniae was the infecting agent in 83% of episodes. Only one patient died of meningitis. Surgical closure of the CSF fistula was accomplished in seven patients. Certain conclusions concerning management of posttraumatic meningitis appear reasonable. Penicillin in large doses should be administered unless organisms likely to be penicillin-resistant are seen on CSF smear. Meningitis patients with a history of head trauma should be evaluated for evidence of a CSF fistula. Surgical correction of the fistula seems to be indicated in patients with recurrent meningitis, late occurrence of meningitis, or persistent rhinorrhea.