tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL ESCAPES
Authors: Charles F. Read, David B. Rotman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1922)

A formal summary of a subject of this character is impossible but from the above analysis it would seem clear that the average eloper is not the "bad man" of popular fancy. Certainly, there is no justification for the terrifying picture so often painted by the press of the dangerous moron rushing madly from the asylum for the sole purpose of gratifying his perverted desires at the expense of the innocent and unprotected. Our rcords fail to disclose any grave anti-social behavior upon the part of any of the patients in either group. If, then, the popular concept of these patients is so mistaken, what is the correct one? From the above study a composite description might run something as follows: A man in the third or fourth decade; very possibly a foreigner; most probably a single man or one free from compelling family ties and rather given to alcoholic indulgence. The chances are he would be a subsided case of dementia praæcox, a recovered or improved alcoholic, a rebellious paretic, or an improved case of "individual reaction" type. Only one time out of 20 would he be feeble-minded and practically never a sexual pervert with criminal tendencies. He may have made prior escapes, but not more than one or two if he is to succeed in remaining out of the institution. Here, as elsewhere, the recidivist is quite hopeless. Often he has tasted liberty in the shape of an unsuccessful prior parole. The chances are about four to one that he will be returned to the hospital in a few days or weeks, and if he remains out we shall find it difficult to discover just how he accomplished it because his relatives are either assisting him or know nothing of his whereabouts. By the judicious employment of the Social Service Department in the case of non-returned elopers we are at present in closer touch with the situation, and in the future there will undoubtedly be fewer cases whose ultimate destination will remain unknown.
Rhinovirus infection in nonasthmatic subjects: effects on intrapulmonary airways
Authors: J. de Kluijver, K. Grünberg, J.K. Sont, M. Hoogeveen, W.A.A.M. van Schadewijk, E.P.A. de Klerk, C.R. Dick, J.H.J.M. van Krieken, P.J. Sterk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The common cold is a highly prevalent, uncomplicated upper airway disease. However, rhinovirus (RV) infection can lead to exacerbation of asthma, with worsening in airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchial inflammation. The current authors questioned whether such involvement of the intrapulmonary airways is disease specific. Twelve nonatopic, healthy subjects (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) &gt;80% predicted, provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV 1 (PC 20 ) &gt;8 mg·mL −1 ) were experimentally infected with RV16. Next to PC 20 and the maximal response to methacholine (MFEV 1 and M V ′ 40p ), the numbers of mucosal inflammatory cells and epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 expression in bronchial biopsies were assessed before and 6 days after RV16 inoculation. RV16 infection induced a small but consistent increase in maximal airway narrowing, without a change in PC 20 . There was a significant increase in bronchial epithelial ICAM‐1 expression after RV16, whereas inflammatory cell counts did not change. Nevertheless, the change in the number of submucosal CD3+ cells was correlated with the change in M V ′ 40p . In conclusion, rhinovirus infection in normal subjects induces a limited, but significant increase in maximal airway narrowing, which is associated with changes in bronchial T‐cell numbers. Together with the upregulation of bronchial epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, these findings indicate that, even in healthy subjects, rhinovirus infection affects the intrapulmonary airways.
Hemoglobin biosynthesis in individual erythropoietic bursts in culture. Studies of adult peripheral blood.
Authors: K Kidoguchi, M Ogawa, J D Karam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

By using a methylcellulose clonal assay, we cultured peripheral blood erythropoietic precursors from a patient with sickle cell anemia, a patient with sickle cell hemoglobin C disease, and a normal volunteer. We then analyzed the synthetic rates of adult and fetal hemoglobins (Hb) in individual erythropoietic bursts. Bb were labeled with 14C-amino acids in culture, separated by slab gel isoelectric focusing techniques, and quantitated by fluorographic methods. All bursts exhibited both fetal and adult Hb in varying ratios. Frequency distributions of the individual burst differing in percentage of BbF biosynthesis approached normal distributions. Further stimulation of HbF synthesis by higher erythropoietin in culture was associated with increased HbF biosynthesis in individual bursts. Augmentation of human HbF synthesis in culture appears to be controlled by qualitative intracellular changes rather than by changes in cellular population.
Increased Serum Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: WATARU MATSUYAMA, TERUTO HASHIGUCHI, KENJI MATSUMURO, FUMIYUKI IWAMI, YASUNOBU HIROTSU, MASAHARU KAWABATA, KIMIYOSHI ARIMURA, MITSUHIRO OSAME
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Pulmonary tuberculosis, one of the granulomatous diseases, has few serological markers for its activity. Recently, an increased serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected in patients with Crohn's disease, also a granulomatous disease. We hypothesized that VEGF might be associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. We investigated the serum level of VEGF in 43 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, 29 patients with old tuberculosis, and 25 patients with acute bronchitis. We were able to examine the serum VEGF levels every 3 mo for a period of 6 mo in seven patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. We examined the presence of VEGF in the resected lungs of three patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis by immunohistochemistry. The serum levels of VEGF were significantly higher in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis than in patients with old tuberculosis and acute bronchitis. The decrease in titer of serum VEGF paralleled the clinical improvement of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Immunohistochemical staining of the resected lungs demonstrated the presence of VEGF in alveolar macrophages surrounding the lesion. Therefore, VEGF may be associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Visual phenotype in Williams-Beuren syndrome challenges magnocellular theories explaining human neurodevelopmental visual cortical disorders
Authors: Miguel Castelo-Branco, Mafalda Mendes, Ana Raquel Sebastião, Aldina Reis, Mário Soares, Jorge Saraiva, Rui Bernardes, Raquel Flores, Luis Pérez-Jurado, Eduardo Silva
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder whose manifestations include visuospatial impairment, provides a unique model to link genetically determined loss of neural cell populations at different levels of the nervous system with neural circuits and visual behavior. Given that several of the genes deleted in WBS are also involved in eye development and the differentiation of retinal layers, we examined the retinal phenotype in WBS patients and its functional relation to global motion perception. We discovered a low-level visual phenotype characterized by decreased retinal thickness, abnormal optic disk concavity, and impaired visual responses in WBS patients compared with age-matched controls by using electrophysiology, confocal and coherence in vivo imaging with cellular resolution, and psychophysics. These mechanisms of impairment are related to the magnocellular pathway, which is involved in the detection of temporal changes in the visual scene. Low-level magnocellular performance did not predict high-level deficits in the integration of motion and 3D information at higher levels, thereby demonstrating independent mechanisms of dysfunction in WBS that will require remediation strategies different from those used in other visuospatial disorders. These findings challenge neurodevelopmental theories that explain cortical deficits based on low-level magnocellular impairment, such as regarding dyslexia.
Desertification Called Global Health Threat
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physical activity and all-cause mortality in older women and men
Authors: Wendy J Brown, Deirdre McLaughlin, Janni Leung, Kieran A McCaul, Leon Flicker, Osvaldo P Almeida, Graeme J Hankey, Derrick Lopez, Annette J Dobson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Background Regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of mortality in middle-aged adults; however, associations between physical activity and mortality in older people have been less well studied. The objective of this study was to compare relationships between physical activity and mortality in older women and men. Methods The prospective cohort design involved 7080 women aged 70–75 years and 11 668 men aged 65–83 years at baseline, from two Australian cohorts – the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health and the Health in Men Study. Self-reported low, moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity, socio-demographic, behavioural and health characteristics were assessed in relation to all-cause mortality from the National Death Index from 1996 to 2009; the median follow-up of 10.4 (women) and 11.5 (men) years. Results There were 1807 (25.5%) and 4705 (40.3%) deaths in women and men, respectively. After adjustment for behavioural risk factors, demographic variables and self-reported health at baseline, there was an inverse dose – response relationship between physical activity and all-cause mortality. Compared with women and men who reported no activity, there were statistically significant lower hazard ratios for women who reported any activity and for men who reported activities equivalent to at least 300 metabolic equivalent.min/week. Risk reductions were 30–50% greater in women than in men in every physical activity category. Conclusions Physical activity is inversely associated with all-cause mortality in older men and women. The relationship is stronger in women than in men, and there are benefits from even low levels of activity.
Medical Writing: Faults
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A search through medical indexes for information about writing yields an astounding abundance of articles, most of them by physicians who adjured their colleagues to gird up their grammar, straighten their syntax, and otherwise improve their prose. Results of such admonitions have been disappointing, to say the least. One explanation might be that few physicians enjoy financial profit from what they write. In fact, there is financial and temporal loss in preparing a manuscript and paying for and mailing out reprints. Why, therefore, should one expect their efforts to result in literary gems? One answer is immediately obvious: other physicians are expected to read and understand what is published in medical periodicals.  Michael Crichton is among the latest to venture finding faults in medical articles. 1 Although he received a degree in medicine from Harvard, he does not practice medicine or contribute to technologic knowledge. Rather, he is a highly
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of standardized ragweed sublingual-liquid immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Peter S. Creticos, Robert E. Esch, Peter Couroux, Deborah Gentile, Pina D'Angelo, Brad Whitlow, Michael Alexander, Terrance C. Coyne
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The influence of food intake on the development of structural and functional adaptation following ileal resection in the rat.
Authors: H Menge, M Grafe, H Lorenz-Meyer, E O Riecken
Journal: Gut (1975)

The present study was undertaken to determine the influence of hyperphagia on the adaptive changes occurring in the rat jejunal mucosa as a result of intestinal resection. One group of resected rats was subjected to pair feeding with a sham-operated population, whilst another group was nourished ad libitum. The animals which ate ad libitum developed hypertrophy of the mucosa which was accompanied by increased glucose absorption in vivo without changes in enzyme levels. These alterations were much less pronounced in the pair-fed group of resected animals, a finding that indicates that the adaptive changes are at least partially influenced by increased luminal nutrition.
Erosive Plaques in the Intertriginous Regions of a Woman
Authors: Eric Duerr, Jennifer Villaseñor-Park, Lisa Grandinetti
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
In vitro screening of reversible and time-dependent inhibition on CYP3A by TM208 and TM209 in rat liver microsomes
Authors: Miaoran Ning, Liang Li, Jian Li, Zaiquan Li, Runtao Li, Tianyan Zhou, Wei Lu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

TM208 and TM209, dithiocarbamate derivatives with potential anti-cancer effects, were evaluated in reversible and time-dependent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibition assays in rat liver microsomes using testosterone as probe substrate. Both compounds were found to be weak reversible inhibitors and moderate mechanism-based inhibitors of rat CYP3A. For reversible inhibition on rat CYP3A, the Ki values of competitive inhibition model were 12.10±1.75 and 13.94±1.31 μM, respectively. For time-dependent inhibition, the inactivation constants (Kl) were 31.93±12.64 and 32.91±15.58 μM, respectively, and the maximum inactivation rates (kinact) were 0.03497±0.0069 and 0.07259±0.0172 min−1 respectively. These findings would provide useful in vitro information for future in vivo DDI studies on TM208 or TM209.
Nocturnal hypoxemia, night-day arterial pressure changes and left ventricular geometry in dialysis patients
Authors: Carmine Zoccali, Frank Antonio Benedetto, Giovanni Tripepi, Francesco Cambareri, Vincenzo Panuccio, Vincenzo Candela, Francesca Mallamaci, Giuseppe Enia, Carlo Labate, Filippo Tassone
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Conditional Gene Genealogies under Strong Purifying Selection
Authors: J. Wakeley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The ancestral selection graph, conditioned on the allelic types in the sample, is used to obtain a limiting gene genealogical process under strong selection. In an equilibrium, two-allele system with strong selection, neutral gene genealogies are predicted for random samples and for samples containing at most one unfavorable allele. Samples containing more than one unfavorable allele have gene genealogies that differ greatly from neutral predictions. However, they are related to neutral gene genealogies via the well-known Ewens sampling formula. Simulations show rapid convergence to limiting analytical predictions as the strength of selection increases. These results extend the idea of a soft selective sweep to deleterious alleles and have implications for the interpretation of polymorphism among disease-causing alleles in humans.
Human Lyb‐2 homolog CD72 is a marker for progenitor B‐cell leukemias
Authors: Roland Schwarting, Roberto Castello, Gerhard Moldenhauer, Antonio Pezzutto, Bernd Dörken, Llka Von Hoegen, Jane R. Parnes, Wolf‐Dieter Ludwig
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract S‐HCL 2 is the prototype antibody of the recently defined CD72 cluster (human Lyb‐2). Under nonreducing conditions, S‐HCL 2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) precipitates a glycoprotein of 80–86 kDa. Under reducing conditions, a dimer of 43 and 39 kDa, with core proteins of 40 and 36 kDa, is precipitated. CD72 expression in normal and malignant tissues is different from expression of all other previously described human B‐cell antigens. In peripheral blood and bone marrow, the antigen appears to be present on all B lymphocytes, with the exception of plasma cells. In tissue, immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for all known B‐cell compartments; however, pulpa macrophages of the spleen and von Kupffer cells exhibited distinct positivity for CD72 also. Among 83 malignant non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas examined by immunohistochemistry (alkaline phosphatase anti‐alkaline phosphatase technique), all 54 B‐cell lymphomas, including precursor B‐cell lymphomas, Burkitt's lymphomas, germinal center lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemias, and hairy cell leukemias, were CD72 positive, but no T‐cell lymphomas were. Flow cytometry study of more than 80 mainly acute leukemias (52 B‐cell leukemias) showed reactivity with S‐HCL 2 mAb over the full range of B‐cell differentiation. In particular, very early B cells in cytoplasmic Ig (clg)‐negative, CD19‐positive prepre‐B‐cell leukemias and hybrid leukemias (mixed myeloid and B‐cell type) were consistently positive for CD72 on the cell surface. Therefore, CD72 may become an important marker for progenitor B‐cell leukemias. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obesity and Respiratory Infection in Infants and Young Children
Authors: V. V. Tracey, N. C. De, J. R. Harper
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A controlled trial has been carried out to test the widely held "clinical impression" that overweight infants have a greater liability to respiratory infections than those of normal weight. Two matched groups of children aged between 3 months and 2 years were studied, containing children whose weight was above the 90th percentile, or was between the 25th and 75th percentiles, at the start of the trial.Data from 120 children of the overweight group were available for analysis, of whom 47 experienced at least one respiratory infection during the trial and 73 did not. Of children remaining over the 90th percentile at the end of the trial 19 had suffered respiratory infections and 28 had not. One baby in the overweight group suffered a "cot death" from acute bronchiolitis. In the control group, 103 cases were analysed-23 had suffered a respiratory infection and 80 had remained free of respiratory infection throughout the trial. These figures are statistically significant and suggest that obesity in infants and young children is associated with an increased incidence of acute respiratory infections.
Ketoconazole 2% cream versus hydrocortisone 1% cream in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: J.D. Stratigos, Chr. Antoniou, A. Katsambas, K. Böhler, P. Fritsch, A. Schmölz, D. Michaelidis, K. De Beule
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1988)
Sensitivity to Tincture of Merthiolate
Authors: Lester Lipson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

Tincture of Merthiolate is widely used as a skin antiseptic and a preoperative preparation. This tincture is a 1:1000 alcohol acetone aqueous solution of sodium ethyl mercurithiosalicylate. Sensitivity to it is rare, but because this may occur and cause a disabling dermatologic complication, the present report seems justified.Case ReportA 21-year-old soldier was admitted to the 101st General Hospital on April 14, 1945. Three weeks previously, he had fallen from a vehicle suffering abrasions of both knees. After 5 days of self-treatment by dressing the abrasions with his first-aid packet, without noticeable improvement, the patient reported to the dispensary, . . .
Compromise reached on suggested intervals between Pap tests
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus development conference panel, while unable to agree precisely on how frequently asymptomatic women should undergo Papanicolaou (Pap) cervical cancer screening examinations, has recommended rescreening "at regular intervals of one to three years." The compromise statement, agreed on after an all-night discussion, appears to be acceptable to both the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), which have differed over the interval between Pap smear screenings. The latter organization also released a policy statement on this issue during the meeting that was considered by the panel. The 2 1/2-day conference, the 25th in a series, was sponsored by three of the 11 institutes comprising the NIH: the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Aging, and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Although primary attention was focused on determining the most appropriate interval between Pap