tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Notes on Strophanthus (Hispidus)
Authors: J. L. Porteous
Journal: BMJ (1886)

p. 600) qluotes Diez as having found, amonig other symptoms, that ergot given to dogs caused "semiparalysis of the extremities, cs.pecially of the hinder ones ;" and Gaspard as having found that an intravenous injection of aqueous extract produces in the same animal " paralysis of the posterior extremities."In a recent communication, Dr. Althaus (BRIuTISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Mlay 10th, 1884, p. 893) says, "Bread contaminated with ergot of rye will, when habitually taken for some tinie, cause well marked dccrease of the posterior columns."Kobert (le.cit., p. 21) found that eighty grammes of ergot, given to a pig witlh oil and milk, caused it to becoine, in three days, marketlly atnxic, with loss of tlio patellar reflex.With these facts before us, poinitinig as they do to the possibility of ergot inducing silch a formidable disease as locomiotor ataxy, or, at any rate, ataxic symptoms, the importance of being cautious in prescribing this drug for any length of time is obvious.Without ven- turing any pronounced opinion, either upon the pathology or upon the etiolouy of this disoase, there are many cases of it which occur to uts in actuafpractice in which none of the usually accredited causes, such as syphilis, sexual excess, alcoholic abuse, exposure to cold, etc., can be blamed.Although rye-bread is not consumed in this country as an article of diet to any extent, yet onie class of the community, at any rate, is liable to ergotisation from a source which is iiot gonerally recoguised.In many parts of England, especially in the eastern counties, wheat is ofteni ergoted to aai extent, in some seasons, that would hardly be credited by anyone Nwho has not specially looked into the matter.Thisbeing the ease, a few remarks upon the subject may not be ouit of place.Of all our cereal crops, ryo is miost subject to ergot, next to it wheat, very rarely barley, and never, as far as lily knowledge goes, oats.Many splecics of grasses are, however, ergoted to an extent that is of very serious import to the graziers.In all these cases, the sanm fungus is the cause (Claviceps purpurea).An ergot is an ovule of one of these grasses into wilicih either at the time of its fecunidation by the pollen, or iummediately afterwards, a store of the Claviceps has gained admission.The spore once inside, gives rise to mass of mycecium, which so alters the grain that, instead of developing into starch, it becomes a sclerotium, or, in other words, a consolidated mIass otr miyeoliuim, whicil remains in a state of (quies-
Chronic ankle instability: the value of talar tilt under general anaesthesia.
Authors: A W McCaskie, D W Gale, D Finlay, M J Allen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

Ankle inversion injuries are the most common injury in sport and yet treatment is controversial. One result is chronic ankle instability, an injury for which criteria for surgical intervention are unclear. This prospective study of 14 patients showed that a large proportion of patients had no detectable abnormality on preoperative investigation, but were subsequently shown to have an abnormality under general anaesthesia. This suggests that a good history of chronic instability is more sensitive an indicator than conventional investigations. Stress views under anaesthesia may confirm the problem.
Increased serum cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CCL27) levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Takashi Kakinuma, Hidehisa Saeki, Yuichiro Tsunemi, Hideki Fujita, Noriko Asano, Hiroshi Mitsui, Yayoi Tada, Motoshi Wakugawa, Takahiro Watanabe, Hideshi Torii, Mayumi Komine, Akihiko Asahina, Koichiro Nakamura, Kunihiko Tamaki
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Psoriasis in children.
Authors: ALLAN NYFORS, KLAVS LEMHOLT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Psoriasis in children: A SHORT REVIEW AND A SURVEY OF 245 CASES Get access ALLAN NYFORS, ALLAN NYFORS Department of Dermatology, The Finsen Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Reprint requests to: the Department of Dermatology, The Finsen Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Nyfors). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KLAVS LEMHOLT KLAVS LEMHOLT Department of Dermatology, The Finsen Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 4, 1 April 1975, Pages 437–442, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03105.x Published: 01 April 1975 Article history Accepted: 26 July 1974 Published: 01 April 1975
Cockayne syndrome group B protein prevents the accumulation of damaged mitochondria by promoting mitochondrial autophagy
Authors: Morten Scheibye-Knudsen, Mahesh Ramamoorthy, Peter Sykora, Scott Maynard, Ping-Chang Lin, Robin K. Minor, David M. Wilson, Marcus Cooper, Richard Spencer, Rafael de Cabo, Deborah L. Croteau, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a devastating autosomal recessive disease characterized by neurodegeneration, cachexia, and accelerated aging. 80% of the cases are caused by mutations in the CS complementation group B (CSB) gene known to be involved in DNA repair and transcription. Recent evidence indicates that CSB is present in mitochondria, where it associates with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We report an increase in metabolism in the CSBm/m mouse model and CSB-deficient cells. Mitochondrial content is increased in CSB-deficient cells, whereas autophagy is down-regulated, presumably as a result of defects in the recruitment of P62 and mitochondrial ubiquitination. CSB-deficient cells show increased free radical production and an accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Accordingly, treatment with the autophagic stimulators lithium chloride or rapamycin reverses the bioenergetic phenotype of CSB-deficient cells. Our data imply that CSB acts as an mtDNA damage sensor, inducing mitochondrial autophagy in response to stress, and that pharmacological modulators of autophagy are potential treatment options for this accelerated aging phenotype.
Sports helmets now and in the future
Authors: Andrew Stuart McIntosh, Thor Einar Andersen, Roald Bahr, Richard Greenwald, Svein Kleiven, Michael Turner, Massimo Varese, Paul McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The paper reports on a symposium on sports helmets and presents a synthesis of information and opinion from a range of presenters and disciplines. A review of the literature shows that helmets play an important role in head injury prevention and control. Helmets have been shown to be very efficacious and effective in a range of sports and in preventing specific head injury risks, especially moderate to severe head injury. The symposium emphasised the importance of helmet standards and the need for further development. There are calls for helmets that address the needs of competitive (elite) athletes separate to helmets for recreational athletes. Deficiencies in the evidence base for head injury risks and helmet efficacy and effectiveness were identified in some sports. Issues in designing helmets that are suitable to prevent severe head injuries and concussion were discussed and explained from biomechanical and engineering perspectives. The need to evaluate helmet performance in oblique impacts and incorporate this into standards was covered in a number of presentations. There are emerging opportunities with in-helmet technology to improve impact performance or to measure impact exposure. In-helmet technology as it matures may provide critical information on the severity of the impact, the location of the injured athlete, for example, snowboarder, and assist in the retrieval and immediate, as well as the long-term medical management of the athlete. It was identified that athletes, families and sports organisations can benefit from access to information on helmet performance. The importance of selecting the appropriate-sized helmet and ensuring that the helmet and visor were adjusted and restrained optimally was emphasised. The translation pathway from the science to new and better helmets is the development of appropriate helmet standards and the requirement for only helmets to be used that are certified to those standards.
Multimorbidity's many challenges
Authors: Martin Fortin, Hassan Soubhi, Catherine Hudon, Elizabeth A Bayliss, Marjan van den Akker
Journal: BMJ (2007)

with more emerging aimed at "mental performance" and sports, for example-the arguments given by de Jong and colleagues for postlaunch monitoring are sound.3Such monitoring could take a second look at This content downloaded from 132.212.55.
The stomach: a biography
Authors: Graham J Dockray
Journal: Gut (2014)

Jeremy Hugh Baron. 2013. IBSN 9781477429792, North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Stomachs are thought to have first evolved about 350 million years ago. At about the same time our vertebrate ancestors developed jaws that made possible the relatively rapid consumption of bulky meals. The evolution of acid secretion by the stomach therefore provided a novel solution to the problem of limiting the growth of ingested microorganisms while food is temporarily retained prior to delivery to the small intestine for breakdown and absorption. The evolutionary success of the stomach is attested by the fact that what is easily recognisable as the same organ is found in virtually all living vertebrates above the Agnatha (although curiously a few species do manage to do without it). Nevertheless, the secretion of hydrochloric acid in high concentrations comes at a price. It is energetically expensive, there is an obvious need for elaborate defence mechanisms to resist auto-digestion and there …
Severe recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum responding to a combination of mycophenolate mofetil with cyclosporin and complicated by a mononeuritis
Authors: E. Gilmour, D.G. Stewart
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We describe a 17‐year‐old boy with severe recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum. Healing was achieved with a combination of mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporin, negative pressure dressings and split‐skin grafts. His recovery was complicated by a sciatic nerve palsy, which we believe was caused by direct involvement of the nerve at the level of the sciatic notch.
Tumor necrosis factor restricts hematopoietic stem cell activity in mice: involvement of two distinct receptors
Authors: Cornelis J.H. Pronk, Ole Petter Veiby, David Bryder, Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Whereas maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a requisite for life, uncontrolled expansion of HSCs might enhance the propensity for leukemic transformation. Accordingly, HSC numbers are tightly regulated. The identification of physical cellular HSC niches has underscored the importance of extrinsic regulators of HSC homeostasis. However, whereas extrinsic positive regulators of HSCs have been identified, opposing extrinsic repressors of HSC expansion in vivo have yet to be described. Like many other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes are associated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) overexpression. However, the in vivo relevance of TNF in the regulation of HSCs has remained unclear. Of considerable relevance for normal hematopoiesis and in particular BM failure syndromes, we herein demonstrate that TNF is a cell-extrinsic and potent endogenous suppressor of normal HSC activity in vivo in mice. These effects of TNF involve two distinct TNF receptors.
Computer-based Models to Identify High-risk Children with Asthma
Authors: TRACY A. LIEU, CHARLES P. QUESENBERRY, MICHAEL E. SOREL, GUILLERMO R. MENDOZA, ALBIN B. LEONG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Effective management of populations with asthma requires methods for identifying patients at high risk for adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and validate prediction models that used computerized utilization data from a large health-maintenance organization (HMO) to predict asthma-related hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits. In this retrospective cohort design with split-sample validation, variables from the baseline year were used to predict asthma- related adverse outcomes during the follow-up year for 16,520 children with asthma-related utilization. In proportional-hazard models, having filled an oral steroid prescription (relative risk [RR]: 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 2.8) or having been hospitalized (RR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.7) during the prior 6 mo, and not having a personal physician listed on the computer (RR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.3) were associated with increased risk of future hospitalization. Classification trees identified previous hospitalization and ED visits, six or more β -agonist inhalers (units) during the prior 6 mo, and three or more physicians prescribing asthma medications during the prior 6 mo as predictors. The classification trees performed similarly to proportional-hazards models, and identified patients who had a threefold greater risk of hospitalization and a twofold greater risk of ED visits than the average patient. We conclude that computer-based prediction models can identify children at high risk for adverse asthma outcomes, and may be useful in population-based efforts to improve asthma management.
Regulation of IL-4 Receptor Signaling by STUB1 in Lung Inflammation
Authors: Qin Wei, Youbao Sha, Abhisek Bhattacharya, Elmoataz Abdel Fattah, Diana Bonilla, Soma S. S. K. Jyothula, Lavannya Pandit, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, N. Tony Eissa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: IL-4Rα, the common receptor component for IL-4 and IL-13, plays a critical role in IL-4– and IL-13–mediated signaling pathways that regulate airway inflammation and remodeling. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying IL-4Rα turnover and its signal termination remain elusive.Objectives: To evaluate the role of STUB1 (STIP1 homology and U-Box containing protein 1) in regulating IL-4R signaling in airway inflammation.Methods: The roles of STUB1 in IL-4Rα degradation and its signaling were investigated by immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. The involvement of STUB1 in airway inflammation was determined in vivo by measuring lung inflammatory cells infiltration, mucus production, serum lgE levels, and alveolar macrophage M2 activation in STUB1−/− mice. STUB1 expression was evaluated in airway epithelium of patients with asthma and lung tissues of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Measurements and Main Results: STUB1 interacted with IL-4Rα and targeted it for ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation, terminating IL-4 or IL-13 signaling. STUB1 knockout cells showed increased levels of IL-4Rα and sustained STAT6 activation, whereas STUB1 overexpression reduced IL-4Rα levels. Mice deficient in STUB1 had spontaneous airway inflammation, alternative M2 activation of alveolar macrophage, and increased serum IgE. STUB1 levels were increased in airways of subjects with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suggesting that up-regulation of STUB1 might be an important feedback mechanism to dampen IL-4R signaling in airway inflammation.Conclusions: Our study identified a previously uncharacterized role for STUB1 in regulating IL-4R signaling, which might provide a new strategy for attenuating airway inflammation.
Expression of potentially lethal damage in Chinese hamster cells exposed to hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy.
Authors: Gomer Cj, Rucker N, Ferrario A, Murphree Al
Journal: Cancer Research (1986)

Abstract  Experiments were performed to determine whether the expression and/or repair of potentially lethal damage could be observed in mammalian cells exposed to hemataporphyrin derivative (HPD) photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photodynamic therapy was combined with posttreatment protocols known to inhibit the repair of potentially lethal damage in cells treated with X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, or alkylating agents. Potentiation of lethal damage from photodynamic therapy was induced by hypothermia (4°C) following short (1 h) or extended (16 h) HPD incubation conditions. Caffeine potentiated the lethal effects of PDT only when cells were incubated with HPD for extended time periods. However, 3-aminobenzamide had no effect on the cytotoxic actions of PDT following either short or extended HPD incubations. Recovery from potentially lethal damage expressed by posttreatment hypothermia was complete within 1 h, while recovery from potentially lethal damage expressed by posttreatment caffeine required time periods of up to 24 h. The lack of effect of 3-aminobenzamide on expression of potentially lethal damage following photodynamic therapy may be related to direct inhibition of adenosine diphosphoribose transferase by photodynamic therapy. These results indicate that the expression and repair of potentially lethal damage can be observed in cells treated with PDT and will vary as a function of porphyrin incubation conditions.
Depression, Hopelessness, and Desire for Hastened Death in Terminally Ill Patients With Cancer
Authors: William Breitbart
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Understanding why some terminally ill patients desire a hastened death has become an important issue in palliative care and the debate regarding legalization of assisted suicide.To assess the prevalence of desire for hastened death among terminally ill cancer patients and to identify factors corresponding to desire for hastened death. Design Prospective survey conducted in a 200-bed palliative care hospital in New York, NY.Ninety-two terminally ill cancer patients (60% female; 70% white; mean age, 65.9 years) admitted between June 1998 and January 1999 for end-of-life care who passed a cognitive screening test and provided sufficient data to permit analysis.Scores on the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death (SAHD), a self-report measure assessing desire for hastened death among individuals with life-threatening medical illness.Sixteen patients (17%) were classified as having a high desire for hastened death based on the SAHD and 15 (16%) of 89 patients met criteria for a current major depressive episode. Desire for hastened death was significantly associated with a clinical diagnosis of depression (P=.001) as well as with measures of depressive symptom severity (P<.001) and hopelessness (P<.001). In multivariate analyses, depression (P=.003) and hopelessness (P<.001) provided independent and unique contributions to the prediction of desire for hastened death, while social support (P=.05) and physical functioning (P=.02) added significant but smaller contributions.Desire for hastened death among terminally ill cancer patients is not uncommon. Depression and hopelessness are the strongest predictors of desire for hastened death in this population and provide independent and unique contributions. Interventions addressing depression, hopelessness, and social support appear to be important aspects of adequate palliative care, particularly as it relates to desire for hastened death.
Establishment of Cell-to-Cell Contact by Adoptively Transferred Adherent Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells With Metastatic Murine Melanoma Cells
Authors: P. H. Basse, U. Nannmark, B. R. Johansson, R. B. Herberman, R. H. Goldfarb
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

A murine model of pulmonary B16 melanoma was used to study the infiltration into metastases of lymphokine–activated killer (LAK) cells and adherent lymphokine–activated killer (A–LAK) cells and, specifically, to study whether A–LAK cells are able to leave the tumor microcirculation and establish cell–to–cell contact with malignant cells. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that A–LAK cells accumulated in metastases twice as efficiently as LAK cells during interleukin–2 stimulation. Electron microscopy of pulmonary metastases 16 hours after administration of 2.5 × 10 7 A–LAK cells revealed A–LAK cells, identified by the presence of typical two–compartment granules, in direct contact with melanoma cells. This finding was confirmed by using A–LAK cells prelabeled with polycationized ferritin. In conclusion, our observations demonstrate unambiguously the ability of adoptively transferred A–LAK cells to establish contact with extravascular metastatic melanoma cells. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 944–950, 1991]
Stenting of de-novo lesions on unprotected left main coronary artery: Results of a five-year follow-up period
Authors: Jürgen Pache, Kambiz Rahbar, Julinda Mehilli, Josef Dirschinger, Joerg Hausleiter, Helmut Schühlen, Hildegard Bolwein, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Arthropathies and allied disorders.
Authors: F. D. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Using arthritis in referring to inflammatory and arthrosis in referring to degenerative conditions of the joints 179 conditions are noted in which 1 or the other or both or allied conditions occur.  There are a large number of bacteria which can infect articular structures and arthropathies due to viruses are more common than had been believed.  There are numerous postinfective arthropathies traumatic arthropathies and arthropathies due to dietetic causes.  Certain drugs have also been known to cause arthropathies.  Rheumatic symptoms and serological abnormalities induced by oral contraceptive drugs have been reported.  The oral contraceptives appear to be capable of causing the hydrallazine (or reversible systemic lupus) syndrome.
Prevalence and Predictors of Cognitive Dysfunction in Opioid-Treated Patients With Cancer: A Multinational Study
Authors: Geana P. Kurita, Per Sjøgren, Ola Ekholm, Stein Kaasa, Jon H. Loge, Irena Poviloniene, Pål Klepstad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

To identify prevalence and associated factors of cognitive dysfunction in opioid-treated patients with cancer.EPOS (European Pharmacogenetic Opioid Study) is a prospective cross-sectional multicenter study in which adult patients with cancer who received treatment with opioids for moderate or severe pain for at least 3 days were included. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). MMSE scores were categorized into definite cognitive dysfunction (scores < 24), possible cognitive dysfunction (scores 24-26), and no cognitive dysfunction (scores > 26). Factors potentially associated with cognitive dysfunction were assessed. Associations between MMSE and explanatory variables were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression models.We included 1,915 patients with cancer from 17 centers. MMSE scores less than 27 were observed in 32.9% of patients. Patients with lung cancer had higher odds (adjusted odds ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.95) for having lower MMSE scores compared with patients with other cancer diagnoses. Patients receiving daily opioid doses of 400 mg or more (oral morphine equivalents) had 1.75 (95% CI, 1.25 to 2.46) times higher odds of having lower MMSE scores compared with those receiving daily doses less than 80 mg. Other risk factors for cognitive dysfunction were older age, low Karnofsky performance status (KPS), time since diagnosis (< 15 months), and absence of breakthrough pain (BTP).One third of opioid-treated patients with cancer had possible or definite cognitive dysfunction. Lung cancer, daily opioid doses of 400 mg or more (oral morphine equivalents), older age, low KPS, shorter time since cancer diagnosis, and absence of BTP were predictors for cognitive dysfunction.