tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Claims of Sex-Gene Interactions
Authors: Paul F. Pinsky
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scientific Challenges in the Application of Randomized Trials
Authors: Michael S. Kramer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In recent years, scientific challenges in the application of randomized trials have become more apparent, especially with the extension of such trials to the assessment of nondrug treatments, such as health education, psychotherapy, and health care provision. Six issues (individual v group randomization, blinding and unblinding, the effect of trial participation on outcome, selective subject participation, treatment compliance, and standardized v individualized treatment) are discussed in terms of their impact on internal validity, generalizability (external validity), and clinical relevance. Specific design strategies may be necessary to enhance these methodological and clinical desiderata. Attention to these challenges should lead to improvements in future randomized trials.
Endotoxaemia Following Colonoscopy
Authors: A. Kiss, P. Ferenci, W. Graninger, H. Pamperl, R. Pötzi, S. Meryn
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

In 100 consecutive patients the occurrence of bacteraemia and endotoxaemia after colonoscopy was studied. The Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Test was used to detect endotoxaemia. No bacteraemia was detected after colonoscopy. Growth of Staph. epidermidis was considered as contamination. In 9 % of the patients endotoxaemia was discovered after colonoscopy. The occurrence of endotoxaemia was found to be unrelated to the duration of the procedure, the number of the biopsies taken, or the cleansing of the bowel prior to colonoscopy. In patients with liver cirrhosis endotoxaemia occurred more often than in patients without liver disease. No clinical consequences of endotoxaemia were found in patients who developed endotoxaemia after colonoscopy. We conclude that colonoscopy is followed by endotoxaemia quite frequently. The clinical implication of these conditions, especially in patients with liver cirrhosis merits further consideration.
Molecular Defects in Interactions of Platelets with the Vessel Wall
Authors: James N. George, Alan T. Nurden, David R. Phillips
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The objectives of this review have been to summarize the recent research on inherited defects involving abnormal platelet function and to illustrate how studies of hemorrhagic syndromes have led to an increased understanding of the molecular events involved in platelet adhesion and aggregation. Emphasis has been placed on the two primary hemostatic reactions: the interaction of platelets with von Willebrand factor to promote adhesion to the subendothelium, and the interaction of platelets with fibrinogen to promote platelet aggregation. Even as these events are more clearly defined, new concepts of molecular structure, function, and heterogeneity are emerging, and the variety of recognized genetic defects is becoming more complex.
The epidemiology of hepatitis C in a UK health regional population of 5.12 million
Authors: A H Mohsen, Trent HCV Study Group
Journal: Gut (2001)

BACKGROUND The epidemiology and natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the UK are uncertain. Previous reports are from small or selected populations such as blood donors or tertiary referral centres. AIMS To study the epidemiology and natural history of HCV infection. METHODS Prospective study incorporating five centres within the Trent region. Patients were managed and followed up according to a commonly agreed protocol. SUBJECTS A total of 1128 HCV positive patients. Patients with haemophilia, human immunodeficiency virus, and chronic renal failure were excluded. RESULTS Between September 1991 and December 1998, 2546 anti-HCV positive patients were identified of whom 1128 (44%) were enrolled in the cohort. A risk factor(s) for infection was identified in 93.4% of patients who completed the questionnaire; 81% of patients were HCV RNA positive. A total of 397 initial liver biopsies were scored by a single pathologist. These showed a correlation between high alcohol intake and fibrosis score. Multivariate analysis showed fibrosis to be associated with age over 40, past evidence of hepatitis B virus infection, and higher necroinflammatory grade but not with sex, viral genotype, maximum known alcohol intake, estimated duration of infection, or mode of transmission. Twelve (7.8%) of 153 patients who received interferon therapy had sustained serum virus clearance. Sixty six patients have died during the follow up period, 31 with a liver related cause of death. This represents a considerable excess over the expected death rate for a cohort of this age and sex distribution. CONCLUSIONS HCV infection is an emerging health problem in the Trent region. Identifying risk factors for infection and disease severity will enhance understanding and facilitate improved intervention. An excess mortality in infected individuals is already evident in this unselected cohort.
Medical Science and the Advancement of World Health
Authors: JOSEPH P. Frolkis
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The idea behind this book is appealing, high-minded, and symbolically attractive—to bring together the work of 21 medical scientists from all over the world who share the convictions that global health is both critically important and critically imperiled and that governments and physicians must quickly learn to transcend geographic and political boundaries or risk losing their patient—the planet. The execution of the idea, unfortunately, falls short of the mark. The book seems somewhat arbitrarily subdivided, for example, and one frequently wonders what contiguous contributions have in common either with each other or with their section heading. A section on ethical issues (eg, research with children and animals and the artificial heart) adds little and seems discordant with the avowed global thrust of the book. Similarly, many of the chapters are overly focused on issues relevant only to the developed nations, while the crisis—as so eloquently described by other authors—lies with
Contribution of early acute rejection episodes to chronic rejection in a rat kidney retransplantation model
Authors: Stefan Günther Tullius, Melina Nieminen, Wolf Otto Bechstein, Sven Jonas, Thomas Steinmüller, Yan Qun, Johann Pratschke, Elena Graser, Pranav Sinha, Hans-Dieter Volk, Peter Neuhaus, Nicholas L. Tilney
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Late sudden death after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a clinicopathologic study.
Authors: J E Deanfield, S Y Ho, R H Anderson, W J McKenna, S P Allwork, K A Hallidie-Smith
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Retrospective analysis was performed to determine the likely cause of death in six patients who died suddenly 1-9 years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The integrity of the atrioventricular conduction system and myocardium was examined in three hearts at necropsy. Two of three patients who complained of palpitation or syncope had frequent premature ventricular complexes on routine ECGs. All the patients had complete right bundle branch block and one had left-axis deviation after repair. Postoperative cardiac catheterization (four patients) showed no residual ventricular septal defects, but right ventricular pressure was elevated in all. At necropsy, the atrioventricular conduction tissue was related to the margin of perimembranous ventricular septal defect in two patients, but was well posterior in one patient with an infundibular muscular defect. Histologic examination showed that in all cases the atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle and left bundle branch were undamaged. There was, however, extensive fibrosis of the right ventricular myocardium in the ventriculotomy site (three patients), septum (one patient) and outflow tract (one patient). These clinical and necropsy findings suggest that ventricular arrhythmia rather than atrioventricular block was responsible for sudden death in these patients after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
Aging: a subject that must be at the top of world agendas
Authors: S. Greengross, E. Murphy, L. Quam, P. Rochon, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exert immune modulatory properties and previous studies demonstrated suppressive effects of MSC treatment in animal models of allergic airway inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We studied the role of MSC in immune activation and subsequent recruitment of monocytes in suppressing airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation using a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. MSC administration prior to or after allergen challenge inhibited the development of airway inflammation in allergen-sensitized mice. This was accompanied by an influx of CCR2-positive monocytes, which were localized around injected MSC in the lungs. Notably, IL-10–producing monocytes and/or macrophages were also increased in the lungs. Systemic administration of liposomal clodronate or a CCR2 antagonist significantly prevented the suppressive effects of MSC. Activation of MSC by IFN-γ leading to the upregulation of CCL2 expression was essential for the suppressive effects, as administration of wild-type MSC into IFN-γ−deficient recipients, or IFN-γ receptor–deficient or CCL2-deficient MSC into wild-type mice failed to suppress airway inflammation. These results suggest that MSC activation by IFN-γ, followed by increased expression of CCL2 and recruitment of monocytes to the lungs, is essential for suppression by MSC in allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation.
F-18 FDG Uptake in Colonic Adenoma
Authors: SEIEI YASUDA, MICHIRU IDE, SHIGEHARU TAKAGI, AKIRA SHOHTSU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Colonic adenomas were detected with whole-body F-18 FDG PET in two asymptomatic patients. On the PET images, areas of focal FDG accumulations suggesting colonic lesions were seen. Colonoscopy showed them to be colonic polyps. A 2 cm descending colon polyp was found in one patient, and a 1.3 cm sigmoid colon polyp in the other. Endoscopic polypectomies were performed. Each polyp was diagnosed as adenoma. Colonic adenoma has clinical significance as a premalignant lesion, and is usually treatable with endoscopic polypectomy. The prevalence of colonic adenoma is not low. Experience suggests that colonic adenomas larger than 1.3 cm might be detected incidentally during whole-body PET studies. It is beneficial that bowel preparation is not required in the PET study.
The QT Interval and Serum Ionized Calcium
Authors: William M. Rumancik
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The correlation between serum ionized calcium (Ca<sup>++</sup>) levels and three ECG QT intervals (Q-<sub>O</sub>T<sub>C</sub>, Q-<sub>A</sub>T<sub>c</sub>, and Q-<sub>E</sub>T<sub>C</sub>) was assessed in 20 adult patients. The relationship between each QT interval and Ca<sup>++</sup>level, based on 209 Ca<sup>++</sup>determinations through a range of 1.0 to 4.0 mEq/liter, is best described by a hyperbolic function. Although Q-<sub>O</sub>T<sub>C</sub>and Q-<sub>A</sub>T<sub>C</sub>predict Ca<sup>++</sup>levels more accurately than Q-<sub>E</sub>T<sub>C</sub>, all QT intervals are clinically unreliable as guides to the presence of hypercalcemia. Similarly, the usefulness of the QT intervals in the diagnosis of hypocalcemia is limited by the wide distribution of normal values. (<i>JAMA</i>240:366-368, 1978)
Sensory cortex and the mind-brain problem
Authors: Roland Puccetti, Robert W. Dykes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1978)

Abstract One of the implicit, and sometimes explicit, objectives of modern neuroscience is to find neural correlates of subjective experience so that different qualities of that experience might be explained in detail by reference to the physical structure and processes of the brain. It is generally assumed that such explanations will make unnecessary or rule out any reference to conscious mental agents. This is the classic mind-brain reductivist program. We have chosen to challenge the optimism underlying such an approach in the context of sensory neurophysiology and sensory experience. Specifically, we ask if it is possible to explain the subjective differences among seeing, hearing, and feeling something by inspecting the structure and function of primary visual, auditory, and somesthetic cortex. After reviewing the progress in localization of sensory functions over the past two centuries and examining some aspects of the structure and function of somesthetic, auditory, and visual cortex, we infer that one cannot explain the subjective differences between sensory modalities in terms of present day neuroscientific knowledge. Nor do present trends in research provide grounds for optimism. At this point we turn to three philosophical theories to see what promise they hold of explaining these differences. A brief discussion of each – identity theory, functionalism, and eliminative materialism – suggests that none adequately accounts for the facts of the situation, and we tentatively conclude that some form of dualism is still a tenable hypothesis.
H1N1 Influenza Virus Reassorting in Pigs, Poses Unknown Risk to Human Health
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services Policy About Deep Sedation on Use of Propofol
Authors: Alexander A. Hannenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters20 September 2011Effect of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Policy About Deep Sedation on Use of PropofolAlexander A. Hannenberg, MDAlexander A. Hannenberg, MDFrom Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA 02462.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-6-201109200-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Rex's article (1) on Medicare policy as it affects use of propofol for procedural sedation confuses the standards set by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for deep sedation. The author, like any physician—anesthesiologist or not—is permitted under Medicare policy to administer deep sedation or general anesthesia if his or her facility has been granted privileges for doing so. The CMS does not forbid gastroenterologists from administering sedatives and anesthesia, but it does forbid them from delegating this responsibility to an endoscopy nurse while occupied with the endoscopy procedure—a policy shared by dozens of state ...Reference1. Rex DK. Effect of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services policy about deep sedation on use of propofol. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:622-6. [PMID: 21536938] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA 02462.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffect of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Policy About Deep Sedation on Use of Propofol Douglas K. Rex Effect of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Policy About Deep Sedation on Use of Propofol Douglas K. Rex Metrics Cited byHypomagnesemia Induced by Long-Term Treatment with Proton-Pump Inhibitors 20 September 2011Volume 155, Issue 6Page: 405KeywordsAnesthesiaEndoscopyGastroenterology and hepatologyGeneral anesthesiaMedicareNursesSedationSedativesSurgery ePublished: 20 September 2011 Issue Published: 20 September 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
12-Month Outcomes of Community Engagement Versus Technical Assistance to Implement Depression Collaborative Care
Authors: Bowen Chung, Michael Ong, Susan L. Ettner, Felica Jones, James Gilmore, Michael McCreary, Cathy Sherbourne, Victoria Ngo, Paul Koegel, Lingqi Tang, Elizabeth Dixon, Jeanne Miranda, Thomas R. Belin, Kenneth B. Wells
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Depression collaborative care implementation using community engagement and planning (CEP) across programs improves 6-month client outcomes in minority communities, compared with technical assistance to individual programs (resources for services [RS]). However, 12-month outcomes are unknown.To compare effects of CEP and RS on mental health-related quality of life (MHRQL) and use of services among depressed clients at 12 months.Matched health and community programs (n = 93) in 2 communities randomly assigned to receive CEP or RS. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01699789).Self-reported MHRQL and services use at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.Los Angeles, California.1018 adults with depressive symptoms (8-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10), 88% of whom were an ethnic minority.CEP and RS to implement depression collaborative care.The primary outcome was poor MHRQL (12-item mental health composite score ≤40) at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months; the secondary outcome was use of services at 12 months.At 6 months, the finding that CEP outperformed RS to reduce poor MHRQL was significant but sensitive to underlying statistical assumptions. At 12 months, some analyses suggested that CEP was advantageous to MHRQL, whereas others did not confirm a significant difference favoring CEP. The finding that CEP reduced behavioral health hospitalizations at 6 months was less evident at 12 months and was sensitive to underlying statistical assumptions. Other services use did not significantly differ between interventions at 12 months.Data are self-reported, and findings are sensitive to modeling assumptions.In contrast to 6-month results, no consistent effects of CEP on reducing the likelihood of poor MHRQL and behavioral health hospitalizations were found at 12 months. Still, given the needs of underresourced communities, the favorable profile of CEP, and the lack of evidence-based alternatives, CEP remains a viable strategy for policymakers and communities to consider.National Institute of Mental Health, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, California Community Foundation, National Library of Medicine, and National Institutes of Health/National Center for Advancing Translational Science for the UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute.
Cloned natural suppressor cell lines derived from the spleens of neonatal mice.
Authors: R B Schwadron, D M Gandour, S Strober
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

The establishment and characterization of cloned natural suppressor (NS) cell lines derived from the spleen of neonatal BALB/c mice are described. Cloned NS cells suppress the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) between normal adult responder and stimulator spleen cells with a 50-fold greater efficiency than fresh neonatal cells. Suppressive activity of both cells did not depend on the haplotype of the responder or stimulator cells, and was radioresistant. Cloned NS cells did not inhibit the uptake of [3H]thymidine by HT-2 cells proliferating in response to interleukin 2 (IL-2), nor the in vitro secretion of IL-1 by macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide. Several experiments indicated that absorption of IL-2 could not explain the suppression of the MLR by the NS cells in the range of cell numbers tested. The results suggest that NS cells may suppress the MLR by interfering with early stages of T cell activation. The cell surface of a cloned NS cell line was examined using immunofluorescence staining, and was strongly positive for the Thy-1.2, Ly-5, and asialo-GM1 antigens. However, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, surface Ig, IE, MAC-1, and Fc and C3 receptor markers were not detected. In addition, NS cells showed no cytolytic activity against the YAC-1 target cell line. On the basis of these findings, cloned NS cells do not appear to be mature T cells, B cells, macrophages, or NK cells. The development of cloned NS cells may be useful in determining the identity and mechanism of action of nonspecific suppressor cells in the neonatal spleen, and their role in neonatal tolerance and maternal-fetal relationships.
Eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: J LACOSTE, J BOUSQUET, P CHANEZ, T VANVYVE, J SIMONYLAFONTAINE, N LEQUEU, P VIC, I ENANDER, P GODARD, F MICHEL
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1993)