tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled open study of sublingual immunotherapy for respiratory allergy in real‐life: clinical efficacy and more
Authors: M. Marogna, I. Spadolini, A. Massolo, G. W. Canonica, G. Passalacqua
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Some aspects of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) still need to be addressed: magnitude of the clinical efficacy, effect on the bronchial hyperreactivity adherence to treatment, preventive effect. We attempted to clarify these points in a randomized open, controlled, two parallel group study in a real‐life setting. Methods: Five hundred and eleven patients with allergic rhinitis with or without intermittent asthma were randomized to drugs only or drugs + SLIT (rate 2 : 3) for 3 years. The clinical score (symptoms + drug intake) was measured each year during the allergen exposure. Pulmonary function test, methacholine challenge and skin tests were performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Adherence to treatment was assessed by measuring the consumed extract. Results: Three hundred and nineteen patients received SLIT and 192 drugs only. Dropouts were 15% in the SLIT group and 12% in the controls. There was a significant improvement of clinical scores in the SLIT group: baseline 147 ± 3.3, first year 72.9 ± 1.3, second year 68.3 ± 1.8, third year 54.7 ± 2.8 ( P &lt; 0.0001 vs baseline). Control group: baseline 138 ± 2.3, first year 124.1 ± 3.7, second year 111 ± 3.3, third year 121 ± 3.8 ( P = NS). Only four patients reported systemic itching. Adherence was &gt;80% in 72% and &gt;60% in 18% of patients. The number of patients with a positive MCh challenge decreased significantly after 3 years only in the SLIT group. New skin sensitizations appeared in 38% of the controls and in 5.9% of the SLIT patients ( P = 0.01). Conclusion: Sublingual immunotherapy approximately halved the clinical scores and significantly reduced the bronchial hyperreactivity. Similarly to subcutaneous immunotherapy, SLIT displayed a preventive effect on the onset of new skin sensitizations. The adherence rate was quantitatively satisfactory.
Angioplasty versus Minimally Invasive Bypass Surgery
Authors: Thomas E MacGillivray, Gus J Vlahakes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The modern treatment of coronary artery disease began with the development of coronary bypass surgery more than three decades ago, which was followed by the development of coronary angioplasty more than two decades ago. Conventional bypass surgery offers patients excellent long-term revascularization, but it is a highly invasive procedure. By contrast, angioplasty offers minimally invasive revascularization whose effects are tempered by high rates of restenosis. In the past decade, both techniques have evolved, as attempts have been made to decrease the invasiveness of bypass surgery and to decrease the restenosis rate associated with angioplasty.Currently available data, including the results . . .
Activated protein C and inflammation in human myocardium after heart surgery
Authors: Jari Petäjä, Eero Pesonen, José A. Fernández, John H. Griffin, Heikki Repo, Sten‐Erik Jansson, Antti E. Vento, O. Juhani Rämö
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract To assess possible interactions between inflammation and activation of the anticoagulant protein C system during post‐ischemic reperfusion protein C, APC, neutrophil L‐selectin expression and myocardial myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were measured in 19 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. After reperfusion for 10 min, APC to protein C ratio (APC/PC) increased from pre‐reperfusion value 1.43 ± 0.12 (mean ± SEM) to 2.25 ± 0.29, p = 0.015. Negative correlations were observed between APC/PC and MPO activity (Spearman r −0.64, p = 0.007) and APC/PC and neutrophil L‐selectin expression (r = −0.7, p = 0.007, demonstrating that post‐ishemic protein C activation was associated with decreased neutrophil tissue sequestration. Thus, physiological protein C activation may be involved in regulation of the inflammatory injury during reperfusion of human ischemic coronary circulation. Am. J. Hematol. 67:210–212, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
General practitioner response to elderly patients discharged from hospital.
Authors: E I Williams, F Fitton
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of discharge information given to general practitioners on their management of newly discharged elderly patients. DESIGN--A random sample of 133 elderly patients who had unplanned readmission to a district general hospital within 28 days of discharge was compared with a matched control sample of patients who were not readmitted. Information was gathered from the hospital, the patients, the carers, and the general practitioners about the information that the hospital had sent the general practitioner and the general practitioners9 response to this information. SETTING--All specialties in a district general hospital. PATIENTS--266 Patients aged over 65 representative in the main demographic indices of the population of elderly patients admitted to hospital. RESULTS--Ten weeks after discharge the doctors had received notice of discharge about 169 of the patients, but fewer than half the discharge notices were received within the first week. General practitioners were dissatisfied with the information in 60 cases. A general practitioner visited 174 of the patients after their discharge from hospital and three quarters of the visits took place within two weeks of the discharge. These visits were more likely to have been initiated by patients or families than by the doctor, and this was not influenced by the doctor receiving notice of the patient9s discharge. Older patients and those who had carers were the most likely to be visited. Nearly half of the carers were dissatisfied with some aspect of general practitioner care, problems with home visiting being the commonest source of complaint. CONCLUSIONS--Hospital communications to general practitioners about the discharge of elderly patients still cause concern, particularly in the time they take to arrive. Written instruction to vulnerable elderly patients asking them to inform their general practitioner of the discharge might be helpful. Carers complained of lack of support, and it is clearly important for someone (either the general practitioner or another health worker) to visit elderly people shortly after their discharge.
Effects of adenine nucleotides on the proliferation of aortic endothelial cells.
Authors: P Van Daele, A Van Coevorden, P P Roger, J M Boeynaems
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The effects of adenine nucleotides and adenosine on DNA synthesis and cell growth have been studied in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). ATP produced a small but significant (+44%) increase of the fraction of BAECs whose nuclei are labeled by [3H]thymidine. This mitogenic effect was mimicked by ADP, the phosphorothioate analogues ATP gamma S and ADP beta S, and the nonhydrolyzable analogue adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (APPNP), whereas adenosine 5'-(alpha, beta-methylene)triphosphate (APCPP), a selective agonist of P2x-purinoceptors, had no effect at 10 microM and a small one at 100 microM; this profile is consistent with the involvement of P2y-receptors. Adenosine induced a mitogenic response of a magnitude similar to that of ATP. This effect was not reproduced by R-phenylisopropyl adenosine, by 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine, or by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, selective ligands of the A1- and A2-receptors and the P site, respectively, nor was it inhibited by 8-phenyltheophylline, an antagonist of both A1- and A2-receptors. The mechanism of this adenosine action thus remains unclear. ATP and ATP gamma S did not enhance the proliferation of BAECs cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 10%. They inhibited the growth-promoting effect of basic fibroblast growth factor; among the various nucleotides tested, APCPP was the least effective to reproduce the action of ATP, suggesting the possible involvement of P2y-receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A NEUROPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACUTE HUMAN POLIO-MYELITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INITIAL LESION AND TO VARIOUS POTENTIAL PORTALS OF ENTRY
Authors: Harold K. Faber, Rosalie J. Silverberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

The peripheral and central nervous tissues of eight patients dying of acute poliomyelitis were examined histologically to discover whether and to what extent the distribution of lesions was consistent with the hypothesis that virus enters the mucous membranes through the superficial nerve fibers, infects the neurons in peripheral ganglia, and proceeds thence into the central nervous system to infect connecting centers. Evidence consistent with this hypothesis was found in all cases. Based on concurrent lesions in the primary and secondary centers, the frequency of involvement of the various systems and the probability of their having acted as primary pathways for entering infection may be summarized as follows:— (a) Trigeminal afferent system (V cranial): very frequent. (b) Visceral afferent system (IX and X cranial): fairly common but less than V. (c) Gustatory system (VII, IX, and X cranial): occasional. (d) Sympathetic system, upper levels (pharynx, bronchial tree, upper esophagus): occasional. (e) Sympathetic system, lower (intestine): occasional or doubtful. (f) Vagal efferent (parasympathetic) system (X cranial) and olfactory (I cranial) system: uninvolved. In general, the evidence of penetration through the upper alimentary and respiratory tracts was more conspicuous and consistent than through the lower alimentary tract. The pharynx appears to be an especially favorable site for the primary penetration of virus into the body. Our data suggest that the primary lesion of poliomyelitis occurs in the peripheral ganglia. Primary invasion through the sympathetics results in initial involvement of the central nervous system at the spinal level; invasion through all the other channels described results in initial involvement of the central nervous system at the level of the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla). In neither instance does the level of initial involvement necessarily determine the site of initial paralysis.
Human leukocyte antigen class I-independent pathways may contribute to hepatitis B virus-induced liver disease after liver transplantation
Authors: Gabriele Missale, John J. Brems, Howard Takiff, Paul J. Pockros, Francis V. Chisari
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the HBcAg was compared with serological, molecular and immunohistochemical parameters of hepatitis B virus infection and with biochemical and histological parameters of liver disease in a patient who received a completely human leukocyte antigen class I-mismatched liver allograft for fulminant hepatitis. The proliferative response increased progressively after transplantation, as hepatitis B virus infection became reestablished in the hepatic allograft. Strikingly, the HBcAg-specific T cells suddenly disappeared from the peripheral blood immediately before the acute onset of a severe necroinflammatory liver disease in which more than 80% of the hepatocytes expressed HBcAg. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that human leukocyte antigen class I-independent hepatitis B virus-specific T cells might play a previously unsuspected role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-induced liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:491–496.)
GROUPING OF THE STRAINS OF MENINGOCOCCUS: ISOLATED DURING THE EPIDEMIC OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS IN 1915
Authors: J. A. Arkwright
Journal: BMJ (1915)

MEDICINX&THF. following account refers only to strains of meningo..coccuswhiclh were isolated froml tlle cerebro-spinal fluid or meninges of cases of nmeninigitis.All the strains con- formed to the usual morphological and staining clharacters of tlle meninigococcus.CultuLrally tlley did not make growtll at tlle temperature of tlle laboratory and they fermtented g'ucose btut not cane suaar.Tlhe formiiatio'n of a uniform-n permnanent emulsion in physiological salt soluition was a constant chiaracteristic of all the strains, except thiree, wlhichl sometimes shiowed agglutination in salt solution (NaCl 0.85 per cent.).Several of the cultures gave a distinctly yoke-yellow growth on glucose agar; this was especially noticeable in the case of two strainis, M. 13 and 4410, on some occasions.Many strains muade a very muicilaginous growthl oin moist glucose agar.Tlle culture imelium found most convenient for applying the sugar tests was Hiss's serum water.After mixing serum one part withi distilled -water thiree parts, the miiixture cani be auitoclaved at abotit 1180 for twenty mlinutes without causing precipitation of tlle protein; 1 per cent.carbohydrate and litmits can thlen be ad(ded and the tubes steanmied tllree times.Stocli cultures were kept on 1 per cent.gluccso agar at 37? in closed tin boxes.'AIIII)ICu.Ji.)17RNAL -1 [Dr.-C. 18. 19T5 I0'5C3ROE PIN OF TUJE STRAINS OF bENINGOCOCCU'.!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O R A T\a. II.( Sira S1IinS into Groups A.. and I ,. by
Emotional aspects of asthma.
Authors: N More, N Singh, A Athawale, A C Shah
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Measurement of distal airspace sizeAirspace size in human lungs obviously depends on the degree to which the lung is inflated and on tissue shrinkage in prep- aration for histological examination.Dr D Lamb et al (October 1993;48:1012-7) minimise the latter by embedding tissue in methacrylate but appear to ignore the for- mer.They inflated the resected lungs used in their study with 10% buffered formalin at a transpulmonary pressure of 25 cm H2O for a minimum of 24 hours.What technique did they use and how well were the lungs in- flated?Satisfactory inflation via the bronchus of surgically resected lobes has been found unsatisfactory in two Vancouver hospitals.In one, expansion had to be achieved by inflation with fixative through the pleura using a large bore needle.'In another,2 using a technique similar to that of Lamb et al, the mean ratio of predicted lobar volume to fixed lobar volume was 3 50.More to the point, the standard deviation of this ratio was 2 03 indicating huge potential errors.How did Lamb et al correct for these when measuring airspace size (AWUV)?
Evidence of Left Ventricular Aneurysm by Thallium-201 Myocardial Scintigraphy
Authors: MYRON C. GERSON, D G K VARMA, HIROSHI NISHIYAMA, MICHAEL J. GELFAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

TI-201 myocardial scintigrams from 100 patients were reviewed for evidence of left ventricular aneurysms without prior knowledge of the clinical or angiographic data. Scintigraphic evidence of left ventricular aneurysms was considered present when TI-201 myocardial activity extended outward from the expected left ventricular contour in a region adjacent to an area of resting scintigraphic hypoperfusion. Scintigraphic findings suggestive of left ventricular aneurysm were detected in four patients, of whom three had angiographic evidence of left ventricular aneurysm. In the fourth patient, a dilated, akinetic left ventricular apex was present but an angiographic diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm was not made. In three additional patients with angiographic evidence of left ventricular aneurysm, scintigraphic criteria for left ventricular aneurysm were absent. Although ungated TI-201 myocardial scintigraphy is an insensitive technique for the detection of left ventricular aneurysm, a characteristic scintigraphic pattern should suggest that a left ventricular aneurysm is present.
Enkephalin inhibits relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter.
Authors: J M Howard, M R Belsheim, S N Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Five healthy volunteers were studied for the effect on oesophageal motility of a single subcutaneous injection of a synthetic analogue of enkephalin as compared with an injection of an equivalent volume (0.5 ml) of saline. The injections were given at random on separate days, and each was followed after 40 minutes by 2 mg naloxone given intravenously. Pressures were measured by manometry after dry and wet (5 ml) swallows at one-minute intervals, and traces were coded and analysed "blind". Twenty-five minutes after the injection of enkephalin the percentage relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was significantly less (p less than 0.005) than at the same time after saline. Within two minutes after intravenous naloxone this effect had disappeared completely. Enkephalin had no noticeable effect on pressure of the sphincter or on amplitude and duration of oesophageal peristalsis. The mechanism of action of enkephalin in selectively inhibiting relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter remains to be determined. That naloxone rapidly reversed the inhibition may be relevant in achalasia and warrants further study.
Subtype-specific genomic alterations define new targets for soft-tissue sarcoma therapy
Authors: Jordi Barretina, Barry S Taylor, Shantanu Banerji, Alexis H Ramos, Mariana Lagos-Quintana, Penelope L DeCarolis, Kinjal Shah, Nicholas D Socci, Barbara A Weir, Alan Ho, Derek Y Chiang, Boris Reva, Craig H Mermel, Gad Getz, Yevgenyi Antipin, Rameen Beroukhim, John E Major, Charles Hatton, Richard Nicoletti, Megan Hanna, Ted Sharpe, Tim J Fennell, Kristian Cibulskis, Robert C Onofrio, Tsuyoshi Saito, Neerav Shukla, Christopher Lau, Sven Nelander, Serena J Silver, Carrie Sougnez, Agnes Viale, Wendy Winckler, Robert G Maki, Levi A Garraway, Alex Lash, Heidi Greulich, David E Root, William R Sellers, Gary K Schwartz, Cristina R Antonescu, Eric S Lander, Harold E Varmus, Marc Ladanyi, Chris Sander, Matthew Meyerson, Samuel Singer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Endoscopic Removal of a Giant Duodenal Polyp
Authors: S. Bar-Meir, A. Hallak, M. Baratz
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

A 50-year-old female with a giant duodenal polyp is described. An uneventful endoscopic removal of the polyp was performed. An aggressive endoscopic approach to such tumors seems to be justified regardless of their size.
The shift in the relationship between intrapericardial fluid pressure and volume induced by acute left ventricular pressure overload during cardiac tamponade.
Authors: T L Cogswell, G A Bernath, M H Keelan, L S Wann, H S Klopfenstein
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We hypothesized that a process leading to an acute increase in cardiac size would change the relationship between intrapericardial pressure and fluid volume during cardiac tamponade, resulting in a change in the time of onset of right ventricular diastolic collapse (RVDC) as seen on the two-dimensional echocardiogram. Five spontaneously breathing dogs were instrumented to measure ascending aortic and right atrial blood pressures and intrapericardial pressure (IPP). A hydraulic occluder was placed around the proximal descending thoracic aorta. Each animal underwent six consecutive episodes of cardiac tamponade, three in the presence alternating with three in the absence of aortic constriction. The onset of RVDC was recorded and the volume infused into the pericardial space was measured. In the presence of aortic constriction, the relationship between pericardial pressure and incremental pericardial fluid volume was shifted so that IPP was an average of 3.4 mm Hg higher at any given intrapericardial fluid volume (p less than .001). At the onset of RVDC, the mean IPP was higher and the intrapericardial fluid volume was lower during aortic constriction than under control conditions (p less than .001 for both comparisons). Thus, a rapid increase in left ventricular volume in the presence of an otherwise unimportant pericardial effusion may increase intrapericardial fluid pressure sufficiently to cause RVDC.
Prophylactic injection of non-citrullinated α-enolase has immunomodulatory effects in collagen-induced arthritis mice
Authors: C Guillou, G Avenel, C Derambure, F Le Loarer, M Verdet, M Hiron, M Maho, X Le-Loet, S Adriouch, J C Sabourin, O Boyer, T Lequerre, O Vittecoq
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Identification of autoantibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been of major interest. In this context, the authors have previously identified for the first time α-enolase as a new auto-antigen in early RA. Moreover, subsequent studies have shown that citrullination of α-enolase is crucial for its autoantigenicity. α-enolase is an evolutionary conserved protein implicated both in glycolysis pathway and as a plasminogen receptor. Here, the authors have evaluated, in the well-known collagen induced arthritis model, the clinical, immunological and histological effects of both recombinant non-citrullinated α-enolase and immunodominant peptides from human and bacterial species. <h3>Methods</h3> Different doses of α-enolase (10 and 100 µg) or immunodominant enolase peptide 1 from human (hEP1) or <i>porphyromonas Gingivalis</i> (pEP1) (10 or 100µg) were intraperitoneally injected to 6 week-old DBA/1 mice one day prior to collagen II arthritis induction (CIA). Both clinical (weight, arthritis score, tarsal thickness) and biological (anticollagen II and anti-α-enolase antibodies) were assessed during the 90 days follow-up period. Four histological score were also assessed: inflammation, syniovial thickening, cartilage resorption and bone resorption. <h3>Results</h3> Prophylactic injection of recombinant α-enolase was able to significantly prevent weight loss and to decrease the severity of arthritis evaluated by the arthritis score as well as the tarsal thickness. There was a dose-effect since 100 µg led to better results. Levels of anticollagen II antibodies were significantly lower whereas titers of anti-α-enolase antibodies were significantly higher in mice treated with 100 µg of α-enolase compared to control mice. Moreover, histological score were in agreement with clinical score. As regards to hEP1 and pEP1, the authors etablished a dose-dependant protective effect in CIA which is significant for pEP1. This protective effect is not due to once again a decrease of anti-collagen II antibodies titer. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Prophylactic treatment with recombinant α-enolase suggest a protective role of this molecule. The clinical effect is not due to an imunological response mediated by anti-α-enolase antibodies. Prophylactic injection could induce either an immune deviation or an emergence of regulatory lymphocyte population, responsible of a decrease of anti-CII antibodies production. These results suggest α-enolase has an immunomodulatory effect in CIA mice. Those results suggest that non-citrullinated α-enolase could constitute a potential new therapeutic approach in RA.
Hemopericardium with Cardiac Tamponade in Chronic Uremia
Authors: Warren R. Guild, George Bray, John P. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

DURING the past thirty years the number of diverse clinical manifestations of chronic uremia appearing in the medical literature has steadily increased. Important among these is a hemorrhagic tendency characterized by normal bleeding and clotting times, normal or slightly depressed prothrombin time and prothrombin consumption, normal platelet count and a negative tourniquet test. The 2 cases discussed below represent another example of hemorrhagic tendency associated with chronic uremia — namely, hemopericardium with cardiac tamponade. They are reported because of their interest and because a fatal result may ensue if the hemopericardium is not promptly detected and treated.1 Whereas the hemorrhagic . . .