tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ULCERATION OF THE CORNEA DUE TO BACILLUS PYOCYANEUS
Authors: W. T. GARRETSON
Journal: JAMA (1927)

As the infection of the cornea with<i>Bacillus pyocyaneus</i>is comparatively rare, an epidemic of sixteen industrial cases seems worth reporting. <i>Bacillus pyocyaneus</i>, like many micro-organisms, is occasionally found in a purely saprophytic state;<sup>1</sup>Koch, in earlier studies, declared it to be an organism incapable of playing a pathogenic rôle. However, in certain strains, marked virulence has been noted. Infection of surgical wounds, otitis media, urinary infections, meningitis and pneumonia are the most frequent. The first eye case was reported in 1891 by Sattler.<sup>2</sup>This followed a lacerating injury of the cornea due to a flying foreign body. The same author reports a similar case in 1892 due to injury from a wood splinter. In both these eyes the infection went on to panophthalmitis necessitating enucleation. Haab,<sup>3</sup>in 1897, and Gallenga,<sup>4</sup>in 1898, each reported a similar case. The case of Bietti,<sup>5</sup>in 1899, is
Two Years' Experience of Prednisone in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G. R. Fearnley, G. V. Balmforth, R. Blatchley
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Early in 1955 Bunim and his colleagues reported on the use of two analogues of cortisone, prednisone ( meta cortandracin ) and prednisolone ( metacortandralone ), in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. These two steroids differ from cortisone and hydrocortison? respec tively in possessing a double bond between carbon atoms 1 and 2 of the A ring of the molecule. This small struc tural change is responsible for two notable differences between parent and offspring ; the latter are weight for weight three to four times as potent as cortisone, and they do not cause sodium retention in therapeutic dosage. There is little to choose in action between pred nisone and prednisolone ; in general their effects are the same as those of cortisone, except that they have gained in some quarters a particular reputation for promoting dyspepsia, peptic ulc?ration, and haemorrhage. In 1955 both steroids became available for hospital use and later were released for prescription on form E.C.10. The situation has thus arisen that two powerful drugs, about which comparatively little has been pub lished in this country, are widely available. In this instance a volume of advertising has eclipsed the litera ture, and both steroids can be obtained not only as such but in compound form, either with an antacid or in small amount in combination with aspirin. Satisfactory proof is lacking that the first confers safety or that the second is efficacious. We here record our experience with one of these steroids, prednisone, over a two-year period. It must be emphasized that what follows is a retrospec tive analysis of the practice of a rheumatism clinic, and not a report of an organized clinical trial designed in advance and statistically controlled.
Abstract 5312: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells express the death receptor Fas and apoptose in response to T cell-expressed FasL
Authors: Pratima Sinha, Olesya Chornoguz, Virginia K. Clements, Konstantin Artemenko, Roman A. Zubarev, Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) accumulate to high levels in individuals with a variety of conditions including cancer, chronic inflammation, and stress, where they are potent inhibitors of adaptive and innate immunity. Some of the factors that induce their accumulation are known; however, physiological conditions that regulate their turn-over have not been identified. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed prominent expression of apoptosis pathway proteins by MDSC and led us to hypothesize that Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis may be a key mechanism that regulates MDSC turn-over. This hypothesis was confirmed by the findings that MDSC levels significantly regress after removal of primary mammary tumors from STAT6-deficient or CD-1-deficient mice, but do not regress in mice doubly deficient for FasL and STAT6 or CD-1. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies examining activated caspase 3 expression and cytochrome C localization revealed that MDSC apoptosis is triggered via the extrinsic, and not the intrinsic, pathway. Surprisingly, activated FasL+ T cells mediated MDSC apoptosis in vivo, demonstrating a retaliatory relationship between these two cell populations, and suggesting that Fas-FasL interactions could be exploited as a strategy to reduce in vivo levels of MDSC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5312.
Effect of Pregnancy on Course of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Alvin Mund, Jerome Simson, Naomi Rothfield
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In a series of 74 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) there were 43 who became pregnant during the period of study. The 43 women had 111 pregnancies, all together, of which 81 occurred before and 30 after the onset of SLE. Of the 111 pregnancies, 20 ended in presumably spontaneous abortions, of which 11 occurred before and 9 after the onset of SLE. In the 81 pregnancies that occurred before the onset of SLE, the incidence of presumably spontaneous abortions was 14%; in the 30 that occurred after the onset, the incidence was 30%. Detailed records of the course of SLE before and after pregnancy were available in 12 cases; the 12 patients had 29 pregnancies. In 6 of the 12, symptoms of SLE were first observed during pregnancy or soon post partum. There was no evidence that pregnancy mitigated the course of SLE.
THE EPIDERMIS AND CYCLIC AMP
Authors: J.J. Voorhees, P.D. Mier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article THE EPIDERMIS AND CYCLIC AMP Get access J.J. Voorhees, J.J. Voorhees University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D. Mier P.D. Mier Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmcgen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 90, Issue 2, 1 February 1974, Pages 223–227, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06390.x Published: 01 February 1974
Phagocytosis of small carbon particles (PM10) by alveolar macrophages stimulates the release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from bone marrow.
Authors: T Terashima, B Wiggs, D English, J C Hogg, S F van Eeden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Recent studies have shown that an increased concentration of ambient particulate matter (PM10) is related to decreased pulmonary function and respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. The mechanisms responsible for this excess mortality are unknown and the relationship between the level of PM10 and the circulating leukocyte counts has not been previously investigated. We postulated that the deposition of PM10 in the peripheral lung stimulates alveolar macrophages (AM), which results in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) release from bone marrow (BM). To test this hypothesis, either colloidal carbon (CC) (n = 3) or saline (n = 4) was instilled into the lungs of rabbits and PMN release from BM was evaluated by using 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). CC instillation in the lung shortened the transit time of PMN through the BM to 71.0 +/- 6.9 h compared with the saline controls (85.5 +/- 2.8 h, p < 0.01). The role of AM in this response was further investigated by incubating isolated AM in tissue culture medium either with or without the presence of CC, and measuring the effect of the supernatants on the release of PMN from the BM. The supernatant of AM incubated with CC shortened the PMN transit time through the BM to 74.9 +/- 3.7 h (p < 0.05) compared with the supernatant from the unstimulated AM (98.6 +/- 1.9 h) and medium alone (94.3 +/- 3.7 h). We conclude that the phagocytosis of CC by AM releases mediators (cytokines) that stimulate the BM to release PMN. We speculate that these newly released PMN may play an important role in the decline in lung function and high mortality seen in populations exposed to high concentrations of atmospheric PM10.
Effect of mobile telephone reminders on treatment outcome in HIV: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in India
Authors: A. Shet, A. D. Costa, N. Kumarasamy, R. Rodrigues, B. B. Rewari, P. Ashorn, B. Eriksson, V. Diwan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To assess whether customised mobile phone reminders would improve adherence to therapy and thus decrease virological failure among HIV infected patients starting antiretroviral treatment (ART). <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial among HIV infected patients initiating antiretroviral treatment. <b>Setting</b> Three diverse healthcare delivery settings in south India: two ambulatory clinics within the Indian national programme and one private HIV healthcare clinic. <b>Participants</b> 631 HIV infected, ART naïve, adult patients eligible to initiate first line ART were randomly assigned to mobile phone intervention (n=315) or standard care (n=316) and followed for 96 weeks.. <b>Intervention</b> The intervention consisted of customised, interactive, automated voice reminders, and a pictorial message that were sent weekly to the patients' mobile phones for the duration of the study. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was time to virological failure (viral load &gt;400 copies/mL on two consecutive measurements). Secondary outcomes included ART adherence measured by pill count, death rate, and attrition rate. Suboptimal adherence was defined as mean adherence &lt;95%. <b>Results</b> Using an intention-to-treat approach we found no observed difference in time to virological failure between the allocation groups: failures in the intervention and standard care arms were 49/315 (15.6%) and 49/316 (15.5%) respectively (unadjusted hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.47, P=0.95). The rate of virological failure in the intervention and standard care groups were 10.52 and 10.73 per 100 person years respectively. Comparison of suboptimal adherence was similar between both groups (unadjusted incidence rate ratio 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65, P=0.14). Incidence proportion of patients with suboptimal adherence was 81/300 (27.0%) in the intervention arm and 65/299 (21.7%) in the standard care arm. The results of analyses adjusted for potential confounders were similar, indicating no significant difference between the allocation groups. Other secondary outcomes such as death and attrition rates, and subgroup analysis also showed comparable results across allocation groups. <b>Conclusions</b> In this multicentre randomised controlled trial among ART naïve patients initiating first line ART within the Indian national programme, we found no significant effect of the mobile phone intervention on either time to virological failure or ART adherence at the end of two years of therapy. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN79261738.
Polarographic Study of Arterial Oxygenation during Apnea in Man
Authors: Morris L. Heller, T. Richard Watson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ARTERIAL oxygenation during apnea may now be studied with greater accuracy. The recent development of the polarograph1 2 3 has made it possible to obtain direct arterial-oxygen-tension determinations with ease and simplicity at all concentrations of inspired oxygen.Utilizing the oxygen electrode, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of arterial oxygen tension of ventilation with various concentrations of oxygen in the inspired mixture of gases and varying periods of apnea.These data are of value in many clinical situations. The anesthesiologist frequently encounters apnea during endotracheal intubation, during breath holding with or without laryngospasm or bronchospasm, and during bronchoscopy, especially . . .
Abstract 2553: Characterization of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases in melanocytes and melanoma
Authors: Ryan W. Dellinger, Harry H. Matundan, Frank L. Meyskens
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes catalyzes the glucuronidation of a variety of endogenous compounds such as bilirubin and steroid hormones, as well as xenobiotics including chemotherapeutic agents and environmental carcinogens. Glucuronidation of these substrates inactivates them by making them more hydrophilic and easily excreted. UGTs are expressed primarily in the liver, but are also expressed in several extra-hepatic tissues including prostate, breast, colon, lung, brain, kidney, bladder and ovary. However, there have been no reports measuring UGTs in melanocytes or melanoma. We screened several primary melanocyte cultures from neonatal foreskin as well as several primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines for UGT expression by RT-PCR. Three UGT family members, UGT2B7, UGT2B10 and UGT2B15, were found to be expressed in melanocytes. Interestingly, of all the melanoma cell lines screened only WM115, a primary melanoma, had UGT expression. Again, only UGT2B7, UGT2B10 and UGT2B15 were detected. UGT expression was not detected in another primary melanoma cell line, WM3211, or in any metastatic melanoma cell line assayed suggesting that loss of UGT expression occurs during melanoma progression. Treatment of WM3211 cells with temozolomide, currently indicated for treatment of metastatic melanoma, induced expression of UGT2B7, UGT2B10 and UGT2B15. Similar induction of these UGTs was observed in response to adriamycin or epirubicin treatment of WM3211 cells. Furthermore, induction of UGT2B7, UGT2B10 and UGT2B15 in response to epirubicin was also observed in the metastatic melanoma cell line SKmel28. Since the UGTs are Phase II xenobiotic metabolism enzymes, we hypothesize that the upregulation of the UGTs in melanoma cells in response to chemotherapeutic agents is a potential mechanism for the well documented drug resistance observed in this malignancy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2553.
Hookworm Infections Acquired in Britain
Authors: R. D. MacLean
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Total faecal calcium is then given by f=(d+s) (1-a)+s' ................... (1) The discussion is simplified by taking s+s'=287 mg./day, the value found by Dr.Rose and his colleagues, and s'=40 mg./day, the value derived by Heaney.' Equation ( 1) then reduces to f=(d+247) (1-a)+40 or, a.d=(d-f)-247.a+287............ (2) Equation (2) is plotted for various values of a and d in the Figure.At constant a values a.d on (d-f) is a family of straight lines with gradient unity.The line degenerates to a point, V, at a = 0. XY and UT represent the lines for a=1 and a =0.5 At constant d values a.d on d -f is a family of straight lines radiating from V (a = 0).VW and VY represent the lines for diets of 300 and 1,01)0 mg./day and os values from 0 to 1.T
Serum transferrin receptor measurements in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Dawn Klemow, David Einsphar, Todd A. Brown, Carol H. Flowers, Barry S. Skikne
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using specific monoclonal antibodies was used to measure circulating transferrin receptor (TR) in 87 patients with various hematologic malignancies. The mean serum TR was significantly elevated in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (15.47 ± 12.54 μg/ml), whereas there were no differences in chronic granulocytic leukemia (7.89 ± 3.56 μg/ml), myelodysplastic disorders (9.25 ± 4.73 μg/ml), and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (3.85 ± 3.50 μg/ml) as compared to normal (5.63 ± 1.42 μg/ml). Among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, the mean level was normal in lymphoma (5.73 ± 2.59 μg/ml), multiple myeloma (5.47 ± 1.31 μg/ml), and hairy cell leukemia (7.04 ± 3.69 μg/ml). The serum TR was significantly elevated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; 14.17 ± 12.29 μg/ml), and the serum levels reflected the clinical stage of the disease. These findings suggest that serum TR measurement may provide a useful laboratory index of disease activity in certain disorders such as CLL, whereas it most likely reflects the intensity of erythropoiesis in the remaining hematological disorders that were evaluated in this study.
THE EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION ON PHAGOCYTOSIS AND THE BACTERICIDAL POWER OF THE BLOOD
Authors: I. L. Shechmeister, M. Fishman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Exposure of rats to 600 r total body radiation did not influence either the rate or the extent of migration of their leucocytes 1 day after irradiation, but did decrease their migration on the 2nd and the 5th postirradiation day. Migration of rat leucocytes was not altered by infection of the animal with M. aureus. Leucocytes of rabbits irradiated with 100 r showed a normal rate and extent of migration. However rabbits exposed to 500 r or 800 r showed depression of leucocyte migration at two postirradiation intervals, on the 3rd to 5th and the 10th to 13th days after irradiation, with normal activity intervening. By the 21st postirradiation day the ability of leucocytes to migrate returned to normal. The effect of radiation on total and differential W.B.C. counts and the relationship of this effect to migration is discussed. The decrease in leucocyte migration could not be ascribed either to leucopenia or to plasma factors.
Emerging Issues in Child Psychiatry and the Law
Authors: Christopher H. Hodgman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In the six years since the authors'<i>Child Psychiatry and the Law</i>, much has occurred in the child forensic field. The value of their present text, however, is less in its currency—although many of its references date from the last year or two—and more in its broad overview of the topic. Indeed, my only quibble is that the book's title implies much less than it delivers: a seasoned summary of forensic child psychiatry as it currently exists in all its complexities. This is an era in which malpractice suits are finally confronting child psychiatrists, diagnostic techniques are increasingly complex, new psychopharmacologic interventions entail new complications, and increasing surveillance and demands are coupled with increasing insistence on short hospital stays. Schetky and Benedek have assembled an all-star cast, the members of which write well and whose case reports enliven their content. An interesting preliminary explication of the ethical issues underlying the
Interaction with Telencephalin and the Amyloid Precursor Protein Predicts a Ring Structure for Presenilins
Authors: Wim G Annaert, Cary Esselens, Veerle Baert, Christine Boeve, Greet Snellings, Philippe Cupers, Katleen Craessaerts, Bart De Strooper
Journal: Neuron (2001)
[3H]-Nitrendipine binding sites in normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters: absence of a selective increase in putative calcium channels in cardiomyopathic hearts
Authors: S. E HOWLETT, V. F RAFUSE, T. GORDON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The number of putative calcium channels in cardiac muscle from young adult hamsters (60 days old) was compared in normal (F1B) hamsters and two different mutant strains (CHF 146 and Bio 14.6) which express cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. Equilibrium binding assays of high affinity sites for [3H]-nitrendipine in ventricular homogenate preparations showed that the maximum number of [3H]-nitrendipine binding sites (Bmax), which corresponds to the number of putative calcium channels, was not significantly different in normal and cardiomyopathic hearts: 79(SEM 9), 64(14) and 69(10) fmol.mg-1 protein in 4-6 hearts from F1B, Bio 14.6 and CHF 146 hamster strains, respectively. Similar results were obtained with binding data after partial purification of the preparation. These data are in agreement with earlier studies comparing two normal strains (CHF 148 and random bred Syrian hamsters) with cardiomyopathic (CHF 146) hamsters, and conflict with other studies comparing normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters. Comparisons with the conflicting data suggest (a) that change in the number of high affinity [3H]-nitrendipine binding sites is not responsible for calcium overload and cell necrosis in cardiomyopathy, and (b) that increased numbers of low affinity [3H]-nitrendipine binding sites may emerge in cardiomyopathic hearts.
Red cell membrane remodeling in sickle cell anemia. Sequestration of membrane lipids and proteins in Heinz bodies.
Authors: S C Liu, S J Yi, J R Mehta, P E Nichols, S K Ballas, P W Yacono, D E Golan, J Palek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

In red cells from patients with sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin S denatures and forms Heinz bodies. Binding of Heinz bodies to the inner surface of the sickle cell membrane promotes clustering and colocalization of the membrane protein band 3, outer surface-bound autologous IgG and, to some extent, the membrane proteins glycophorin and ankyrin. Loss of transbilayer lipid asymmetry is also found in certain populations of sickle red cells. The lateral distribution of sickle cell membrane lipids has not been examined, however. In this report, we examine by fluorescence microscopy the incorporation and distribution of the fluorescent phospholipid analogues 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NBD)-phosphatidylserine and NBD-phosphatidylcholine in sickle red cells. Both phospholipid analogues are observed to accumulate prominently at sites of Heinz bodies. Accumulation at sites of Heinz bodies is also shown by 1,'1-dihexadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate, a fluorescent lipid analogue that readily crosses membranes, but not by fluorescein-phosphatidylethanolamine, an analogue that is localized to the outer leaflet of the membrane. Double labeling and confocal microscopy techniques show that NBD-lipids, band 3 protein, protein 4.1, ankyrin, and spectrin are all sequestered within sickle red cells and colocalized at sites of Heinz bodies. We propose that Heinz bodies provide a hydrophobic surface on which sickle red cell membrane lipids and proteins are sequestered.
The relationship between ventricular ectopic beat frequency and heart rate.
Authors: R A Winkle
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We examined the relationship between the frequency of premature ventricle complexes (PVCs) and underlying heart rate in 24 patients with frequent PVCs using 24-hour ambulatory ECG recordings. Plots of PVC frequency vs heart rate were made at 1-beat/min intervals for all heart rates that were recorded for at least 5 minutes of the 24 hours. Heart rates during 24 hours ranged from 56 +/- 10.0 to 102.2 +/- 15.4 beats/min. Twenty-three of the 24 patients had a distinct relationship between PVC frequency and heart rate. Patterns included an approximate log-linear increase in PVCs at higher heart rates in 12 patients, a log-linear decrease (overdrive suppression) in one patient, flat curves in three patients, and a complex relationship (e.g., more PVCs at low rates and suppression at high rates) in seven patients. Patterns were reproducible in 21 of the 24 patients on repeat ambulatory ECG monitorings done 1 day to 2 months later. We conclude that most patients with frequent PVCs have a characteristic relationship between PVC frequency and heart rate over the range of heart rates achieved during routine daily activity. The most frequent relationship is a marked increase in PVC frequency with increasing heart rate. These observations may in part explain such phenomena as "spontaneous" variability of PVC frequency, sleep suppression of PVCs and suppression of PVCs by beta-blocking drugs.