tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computers and the Quality of Care — A Clinician's Perspective
Authors: Richard A. Garibaldi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

This issue of the Journal contains a report by Evans and his colleagues at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City that describes a computer-assisted management program for antiinfective agents.1 At face value, this program helps physicians to manage infections, prescribe antimicrobial agents appropriately, care for patients in an intensive care setting, prevent adverse drug reactions, and lower hospital costs. Yet the message goes deeper; this is a report on a clinician-directed program that uses a computerized support system as a tool to improve patients' outcomes and the quality of care. However, the system for quality improvement at LDS Hospital is . . .
Fatal Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis after Total Pancreatectomy
Authors: A. P. Doyle, S. P. Balcerzak, W. L. Jeffrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THERE have been infrequent reports of the appearance of vascular lesions in diabetes secondary to gross pancreatic damage or removal. This is a follow-up report of a patient who had total pancreatectomy in 1949 for reticulum-cell sarcoma and who died fourteen years later of diabetic glomerulosclerosis.Case ReportIn October, 1949, total pancreatectomy was performed on a 29-year-old man with reticulum-cell sarcoma arising in the head of the pancreas and invading the duodenum. (Reference is made to the publication of Feather and Kuhn1 for description of the operative findings and the pathology of the resected specimen.) Although several of the . . .
1034 PLASMA LEVELS OF SOLUBLE RECEPTOR FOR ADVANCED GLYCATION ENDPRODUCTS (SRAGE) IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Y. Yilmaz, E. Ulukaya, O.O. Gul, M. Arabul, C.B. Gul, O. Atug, A.Y. Oral, E. Dolar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Abstract 4306: Functional role of CD133 in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Gagori Bandopadhyay, Anna M. Grabowska, Beth Coyle, Susan A. Watson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a cytologically malignant tumour of the central nervous system, associated with poor prognosis and fatal outcome (5 year survival, &amp;lt;6%). Such tumours are believed to be initiated and maintained by a subpopulation of cells, which resemble normal adult stem cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), may contribute to the chemo-/radio-resistance exhibited by these tumours and can be identified using the immunocytochemical marker CD133. This pentaspan membrane protein is associated with increased tumorigenicity, chemo-/radio-resistance and poor prognosis. In this study we investigated the functional role of CD133 in the progression of GBM. Methods: CD133-specific siRNA and siPORT-Amine transfection reagent were used to achieve transient knockdown of CD133 in GBM cell lines. Gene and protein expression were measured over time using real-time PCR and FACS, respectively. GBM cell lines were cultured in 1% oxygen to induce hypoxia. Transient knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) was also achieved using HIF-specific siRNA, in hypoxic conditions. Biological functions of CD133 were assessed by performing wound-healing assay to investigate migration; MTT to measure the rate of proliferation; neurosphere formation potential to assess tumorigenicity; and etoposide drug challenge to assess chemo-resistance. Results: CD133-specific siRNA successfully knocked down gene expression of CD133 (85% knockdown; p&amp;lt;0.0001 at Day 3 post transfection; n=3). Consequent downregulation in protein expression was also confirmed (p&amp;lt;0.05; n=1). CD133 knockdown was correlated to susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents, migration, proliferation and tumorigenicity. Hypoxia upregulated CD133 expression by 4-fold (p&amp;lt;0.0001) compared to cells cultured in normoxia. Knockdown of hypoxia inducible factors resulted in the downregulation of CD133 in hypoxia, at 48hrs post transfection. In GBM cell line U251, HIF1-α and HIF2-α knockdown significantly downregulated CD133 gene expression (HIF1-α = 40% downregulation; HIF2-α = 60% downregulation; p&amp;lt;0.001); HIF2-α downregulated CD133 significantly more than HIF1-α (p&amp;lt;0.01), when compared to control negative siRNA. Conclusion: CD133 knockdown alters biological properties of GBM cells. Furthermore, hypoxia increases CD133 expression in GBM cells, mediated by HIF-1α and HIF-2α. This of particular importance in view of the hypoxic nature of GBMs, which suggests that hypoxia aids survival of cancer stem cells, rendering these tumours resistant to therapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4306.
Optimal Timing of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John H. Braxton, Graeme L. Hammond, George V. Letsou, Kenneth L. Franco, Gary S. Kopf, John A. Elefteriades, John C. Baldwin
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background To assess optimal timing for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), all patients undergoing CABG without associated procedures at our institution from January 1, 1991, to July 30, 1992, were reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups based on time from infarct to revascularization. The control group consisted of patients operated on for angina refractory to medical management. Relative risks (incident infarction group divided by incident control group) were established for need of vasopressors, new balloon to separate from bypass, perioperative myocardial infarction, and hospital mortality. Methods and Results One hundred sixteen patients underwent CABG within 6 weeks of infarction. In the experimental group, 58 patients underwent CABG for non–Q-wave infarction, and 58 patients underwent CABG for Q-wave infarction. In the control group, 255 patients underwent surgery for angina without infarction. Patients were analyzed by group relative to the time between infarction and CABG. Patients were analyzed between infarction and CABG and assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 patients were revascularized within 48 hours; group 2, between 3 and 5 days; and group 3, after 5 days. Significance was determined by Fisher’s exact or Mantel-Haenszel χ 2 test where appropriate. Multivariate analysis was performed on statistics that were significant. All patients within all groups after Q-wave or non–Q-wave myocardial infarction had a significantly higher risk of needing an intra-aortic balloon pump and vasopressors to be weaned from bypass and a greater incidence of perioperative MI compared with control patients. Surgical mortality is highest immediately after Q-wave infarctions. Conclusions Patients with non–Q-wave infarction may undergo CABG relatively safely at any time. Acceptable timing for CABG after Q-wave infarction is after 48 hours.
New Cultures and Sensitivities
Authors: M. J. Halberstam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Home guides to health and medical care have been a staple of the publishing industry since the middle of the 19th century, and their contents have often provoked physicians into paroxysms of anger. Aside from their medical and practical value, however, these books are fascinating glimpses into vanished societies. The (literally) hair-raising admonitions about "onanism" and the Teutonic vigor with which our grandparents pursued toilet-training are a pleasant reminder that, bad as things may sometimes seem, we've come a long way.Not long enough, however. A new "The Home Health Handbook"* was printed this year as a "guide to self-help . . .
Comparison of the Clinical Validity of Free Prostate&amp;ndash;Specific Antigen, Alpha&amp;ndash;1 Antichymotrypsin&amp;ndash;Bound Prostate&amp;ndash;Specific Antigen and Complexed Prostate&amp;ndash;Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Michael Lein, Michael Lein, Klaus Jung, Klaus Jung, Ulrike Elgeti, Ulrike Elgeti, Tobias Petras, Tobias Petras, Carsten Stephan, Carsten Stephan, Brigitte Brux, Brigitte Brux, Pranav Sinha, Pranav Sinha, Bj&ouml;rn Winkelmann, Bj&ouml;rn Winkelmann, Dietmar Schnorr, Dietmar Schnorr, Stefan A. Loening, Stefan A. Loening
Journal: European Urology (2001)
A NEW LUMBAR-PUNCTURE NEEDLE
Authors: JULIAN MAST WOLFSOHN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The need is obvious for a new lumbar-puncture needle which will accurately measure the cerebrospinal pressure, and which will permit the withdrawal of uncontamipated fluid from the spinal canal or the introduction of serum, anesthetics or other fluid with minimum manipulation. The instrument usually employed in America is the simple straight needle, the use of which always entails the loss of more or less cerebrospinal fluid before the trocar is withdrawn and a manometer attached for making a pressure-reading. This of itself not only makes the pressure-readings inaccurate, but soils the field of operation, especially when the patient is suffering from epidemic cerebrospinal or tuberculous meningitis. Many modifications of this apparatus have from time to time appeared.<sup>1</sup> In Germany, the three most popular needles in use are: 1. Quincke's apparatus which, according to Reichmann, when showing a reading of 120 mm., uses 8 c.c. cerebrospinal fluid. 2. Krausche's apparatus,
Acid Mucopolysaccharide Changes in Diabetic Kidneys.
Authors: G. S. Berenson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Acid Mucopolysaccharide Changes in Diabetic Kidneys.G. S. Berenson, M.D., F.A.C.P., E. R. Dalferes Jr., H. Ruiz, F. A. Dugan, M.D., B. Radhakrishnamurthy, Ph.D.G. S. Berenson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, E. R. Dalferes Jr.Search for more papers by this author, H. RuizSearch for more papers by this author, F. A. Dugan, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, B. Radhakrishnamurthy, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1093_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChemical changes leading to diabetic microangiopathy are of considerable interest. Although poorly understood, from histochemical studies the changes are primarily attributed to glycoproteins. The acid mucopolysaccharides have been stated to occur in insignificant proportions.These studies evaluate mucopolysaccharide composition of kidneys from 16 diabetic patients and 3 individuals without renal disease or diabetes. The kidney tissues were divided into cortical and medullary portions, and mucopolysaccharides were isolated by proteolytic digestion, deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid, and precipitation with ethanol. The mucopolysaccharide preparations were fractionated on Dowex 1-2X C1-columns and the fractions extensively analyzed to quantitate the individual mucopolysaccharides. The contents of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. S. Berenson, M.D., F.A.C.P.; E. R. DalferesJr.; H. Ruiz; F. A. Dugan, M.D.; B. Radhakrishnamurthy, Ph.D.Affiliations: New Orleans, Louisiana PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5 Page: 1093-1093 Keywords Digestion Ethanol Glycoproteins Kidneys Renal diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Guanosine supplementation reduces apoptosis and protects renal function in the setting of ischemic injury
Authors: K.J. Kelly, Zoya Plotkin, Pierre C. Dagher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Ischemic injury to the kidney is characterized in part by nucleotide depletion and tubular cell death in the form of necrosis or apoptosis. Recently, we linked anoxia-induced apoptosis in renal cell cultures specifically to the depletion of GTP. We therefore hypothesized that enhancing GTP repletion in vivo might protect function by reducing apoptosis in postischemic tubules. Male C57 black mice (the "I" group of animals) underwent bilateral renal artery clamp for 32 minutes to induce ischemia and then received either normal saline ("NS") or guanosine ("G"). After 1 hour of reperfusion, renal GTP levels in NS/I were reduced to nearly half of those in sham operated mice, whereas these levels were nearly unchanged in G/I mice. Morphologic examination of tubular injury revealed no significant differences between the two groups. However, there was a significant reduction in the number of apoptotic tubular cells in the medulla in the G/I group as compared with the NS/I group. At 24 hours, creatinine was significantly elevated in the NS/I group, compared to the G/I group. We conclude that guanosine protects against renal ischemic injury by replenishing GTP stores and preventing tubular apoptosis.
59 VX-950, a novel HCV protease inhibitor, retains potency against BILN-2061 resitant replicon cells: Computational analysis indicates that resistance develops via different mechanisms
Authors: C. Lin, K. Lin, Y.P. Luong, B.G. Rao, Y.Y. Wei, D. Brennan, J. Fulghum, D. Frantz, H.M. Hsiao, S. Ma, J. Maxwell, R.B. Perni, C.A. Gates, A.D. Kwong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Development and validation of an electronic version of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire
Authors: E. F. Juniper, B. Riis, B. A. Juniper
Journal: Allergy (2007)

As clinicians and pharmaceutical companies move from paper versions of health status questionnaires to electronic versions, it cannot be assumed that adaptations to other media will produce valid data.The aims of this study were to (1) adapt the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire [RQLQ(S); standardized version], for the Palm Treo 650, (2) test the device for ease and accuracy of understanding and (3) examine the validity of the electronic version by comparing it with the original paper version of the RQLQ(S).Seventy adults with current rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms completed the electronic and paper versions of the RQLQ(S). They were randomized to complete either the paper or the electronic version first. After a 2-h break, they completed the other version.Concordance between paper and electronic versions for the overall RQLQ(S) score was acceptable with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95 and there was no evidence of bias (P = 0.13). Concordance for the seven individual domains ranged from 0.86 to 0.94. A small but significant bias was observed in the activity and sleep domains (P = 0.02). Completion times were quicker with paper (4.1 vs 4.9 min, P < 0.0001). About 51% of patients preferred electronic, 17% preferred paper and 31% had no preference.This electronic version of the RQLQ(S) was easy for patients to use and the concordance between paper and this version on the Palm Treo 650 provides evidence of the validity of this electronic version.
THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF THE TREATMENT OF STERILITY IN WOMEN
Authors: EDWARD REYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

That sterility has long been one of the comparative failures of gynecology is probably the result of the obscurity of its causes. My own interest in this subject has now extended over a period of nearly twenty years, and the success in its treatment which I think I have attained in recent years has resulted from the gradual elaboration of a theory of its etiology which has withstood the test of an application to practice.  About ten years ago I reached the theoretical conclusion that in the majority of cases the mechanism by which the sterility of women was produced was the existence within their genital tracts of secretions which were so far pathologic as to cause the destruction of the spermatozoa. The application of this theory to practice at once resulted in success with a certain limited class of cases, and as further study led to more exact comprehension of the underlying causes whihc determine these changes in the secretions the percentage of successful cases steadily increased. There remained, however, a large percentage of unexplained failures until further reflection and experience resulted in the study of the conditions which prevent the formation and liberation of a normal ovum.
Cesarean Birth and Silver Nitrate Prophylaxis
Authors: James R. West
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The LAW AND MEDICINE section ofThe Journal(<b>219</b>:129, 1972) includes the statement that "the baby had been born by cesarean, thus obviating the necessity for drops"—referring to silver nitrate prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum. It is of interest that the 3rd edition of Stander's<i>Textbook of Obstetrics</i>(New York, Appleton-Century, 1945) carries the observation on p 460: We have recently seen a case of specific ophthalmia develop in spite of the use of prophylactic measures, in an infant born by Caesarean Section. In such cases the infection develops while the child is still in utero, and Stephenson states that it may occur without premature rupture of the membranes, having been noted in a child born in a "caul". In view of the possibility of infection occurring in this way it is imperative that prophylactic measures be employed in infants born by Caesarean Section. The implication in
β <sub>3</sub> -Integrin Mediates Smooth Muscle Cell Accumulation in Neointima After Carotid Ligation in Mice
Authors: Eric T. Choi, M. Faisal Khan, Jeremy E. Leidenfrost, Emily T. Collins, Kenneth P. Boc, Brian R. Villa, Deborah V. Novack, William C. Parks, Dana R. Abendschein
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Pharmacological blockade of β 3 -integrins inhibits neointimal lesion formation in nonmouse animal models of arterial injury. In contrast, β 3 -integrin–deficient (β 3 −/− ) mice are not protected from neointimal lesion formation after arterial injury. We investigated this discrepancy in β 3 −/− and wild-type (β 3 +/+ ) mice using different models of injury. Methods and Results— After disruption of the carotid with a transluminal probe, there was no significant difference in neointimal thickening between β 3 −/− and β 3 +/+ mice. However, after ligation of the carotid without medial disruption, there was reduced neointimal thickening in β 3 −/− mice compared with β 3 +/+ mice at intervals up to 3 months. Lesion reduction in β 3 −/− mice was associated with fewer intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) without a difference in SMC apoptosis or proliferation rate compared with β 3 +/+ mice, consistent with reduced SMC migration from the media into the intima of β 3 −/− mice. Moreover, combined eccentric medial disruption and ligation of the carotid in β 3 −/− mice resulted in neointimal lesion formation only at the site of medial disruption. Transplantation of bone marrow cells harvested from β 3 +/+ mice into irradiated β 3 −/− mice resulted in reduced neointimal lesion formation after carotid ligation injury, confirming the importance of α v β 3 and not α IIb β 3 in the attenuated response. Conclusions— The α v β 3 -integrin mediates intimal SMC accumulation that contributes to neointimal thickening in the setting of arterial ligation.
<i>In Vivo</i>Profiling of Hypoxic Gene Expression in Gliomas Using the Hypoxia Marker EF5 and Laser-capture Microdissection
Authors: Diane Marotta, Jayashree Karar, W. Timothy Jenkins, Monika Kumanova, Kevin W. Jenkins, John W. Tobias, Donald Baldwin, Artemis Hatzigeorgiou, Panagiotis Alexiou, Sydney M. Evans, Rodolfo Alarcon, Amit Maity, Cameron Koch, Constantinos Koumenis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Hypoxia is a key determinant of tumor aggressiveness, yet little is known regarding hypoxic global gene regulation in vivo. We used the hypoxia marker EF5 coupled with laser-capture microdissection to isolate RNA from viable hypoxic and normoxic regions of 9L experimental gliomas. Through microarray analysis, we identified several mRNAs (including the HIF targets Vegf, Glut-1, and Hsp27) with increased levels under hypoxia compared with normoxia both in vitro and in vivo. However, we also found striking differences between the global in vitro and in vivo hypoxic mRNA profiles. Intriguingly, the mRNA levels of a substantial number of immunomodulatory and DNA repair proteins including CXCL9, CD3D, and RAD51 were found to be downregulated in hypoxic areas in vivo, consistent with a protumorigenic role of hypoxia in solid tumors. Immunohistochemical staining verified increased HSP27 and decreased RAD51 protein levels in hypoxic versus normoxic tumor regions. Moreover, CD8+ T cells, which are recruited to tumors upon stimulation by CXCL9 and CXCL10, were largely excluded from viable hypoxic areas in vivo. This is the first study to analyze the influence of hypoxia on mRNA levels in vivo and can be readily adapted to obtain a comprehensive picture of hypoxic regulation of gene expression and its influence on biological functions in solid tumors. Cancer Res; 71(3); 779–89. ©2011 AACR.
Desensitization Protocol In A Patient With Immediate Hypersensitivity To Apomorphine
Authors: A. Foncubierta Fernandez, D. Gutierrez Fernandez, R. Espinosa Rosso, J. Anguita Carazo, S. Fernandez Melendez, A. Miranda Paez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Are general practitioners doing enough to promote healthy lifestyle? Findings of the Medical Research Council's general practice research framework study on lifestyle and health.
Authors: P G Wallace, P J Brennan, A P Haines
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The health survey questionnaire was used to collect information about cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, and dieting and weight. Completed questionnaires were received from 25,496 men and 36,657 women registered with 47 group practices in England and Scotland. The proportions of respondents who stated that they had a problem ranged from 1% (women and drinking, n = 406) to 34% (women and weight, n = 12,526). Between 49% (women and drinking, n = 18,048) and 67% (men (n = 17,095) and women (n = 24,550) and weight) thought that their general practitioners should be interested in their lifestyle. The proportions who could recall having received relevant advice ranged from 2% (women and drinking, n = 591) to 24% (women and weight, n = 8946). Advice about smoking had been given to 4055 (40%) of the women and 2941 (39%) of the men who smoked. Only 96 (10%) of the 989 women and 331 (17%) of the 1948 men who drank excessively could recall having received advice about alcohol consumption. These results suggest that patients are concerned about their lifestyle, that most would welcome relevant counselling, and that doctors should become more concerned with prevention of this kind.