tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malignant Pheochromocytoma Diffuse Skeletal Metastases Manifested by I-123-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy
Authors: A. T. SHIELDS, E. D. SANDLER, M. T. PARISI, R. S. HATTNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Neuroectodermal neoplasia that is extensive, MIBG-hyperavid, or hypersecretory can alter the normal biodistribution of MIBG. A case is reported of widespread skeletal metastases in a patient with pheochromocytoma. The normal biodistribution was replaced by uptake in extensive skeletal metastases simulating a bone scan.
The heat-stable antigen determines pathogenicity of self-reactive T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Xue-Feng Bai, Jin-Qing Liu, Xingluo Liu, Yong Guo, Karen Cox, Jing Wen, Pan Zheng, Yang Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Induction of myelin-specific CD4 T cells is a pivotal event in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Other checkpoints in EAE pathogenesis have not been clearly defined, although multiple genetic loci are known to influence EAE development. We report here that targeted mutation of the heat-stable antigen (HSA) abrogates development of EAE despite a complete lack of effect on induction of autoimmune T cells. To test whether T-cell expression of HSA is sufficient, we created transgenic mice in which HSA is expressed exclusively in the T-cell lineage. We found that these mice remain resistant to EAE induction. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrate that both T cells and non–T cells must express HSA in order for the pathogenic T cells to execute their effector function. Moreover, HSAIg, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the HSA and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin, drastically ameliorates the clinical sign of EAE even when administrated after self-reactive T cells had been expanded. Thus, identification of HSA as a novel checkpoint, even after activation and expansion of self-reactive T cells, provides a novel approach for immunotherapy of autoimmune neurologic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
A genome-wide association study of testicular germ cell tumor
Authors: Elizabeth A Rapley, Clare Turnbull, Ali Amin Al Olama, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis, Rachel Linger, Robert A Huddart, Anthony Renwick, Deborah Hughes, Sarah Hines, Sheila Seal, Jonathan Morrison, Jeremie Nsengimana, Panagiotis Deloukas, Nazneen Rahman, D Timothy Bishop, Douglas F Easton, Michael R Stratton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Diagnosis of Gonorrhea
Authors: Douglas R. LaBrecque
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Though Riccardi and Felman (242:2703, 1979) beautifully summarized the laboratory diagnosis of gonococcal infection, I would like to offer an additional simple yet sensitive method of obtaining the specimen for culture. While at the Valco Hospital in Tema, Ghana, I performed a study with Richard L. Wacht, MD, and Claude Joubert, MD, to evaluate the efficacy of treating gonococcal urethritis with a single intramuscular dose of different antibiotics. In performing this study, we faced the problem of identifying cases that had dysuria and no or only minimal penile discharge. Many of our patients, not previously exposed to sophisticated medical techniques, were resistant to the introduction of a swab into the urethra. Because of this, all male patients with dysuria were examined according to the following protocol: (1) if urethral discharge were present, it was Gram-stained and cultured; (2) whether discharge was present, a fresh urine specimen was
Improvement In Quality Of Life In Parents Of Asthmatic Children Aged &lt; 4 Years Receiving Subcutaneous Allergy Immunotherapy
Authors: Yurydia Jorge, Yikania Pichardo, Paola Polanco, Xin Zheng, Jose Adames, Andrew A. Wiznia, David L. Rosenstreich, Gabriele De Vos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Coronary Hemodynamics and Myocardial Oxygen Metabolism during Oxygen Breathing in Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: WILLIAM GANZ, ROBERTO DONOSO, HAROLD MARCUS, H. J.C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Oxygen in high concentration (arterial pO 2 over 400 mm Hg), administered for 7-10 minutes to six subjects with normal coronary arteries and nine subjects with coronary artery disease caused the following significant changes: The heart rate and cardiac index decreased in both groups. The mean arterial pressure increased in the coronary group. The coronary sinus blood flow fell from 158 ± 11 (mean ± sem ) to 131 ± 13 in the noncoronary and from 151 ± 14 to 138 ± 14 ml/min in the coronary group, due to an increase in coronary resistance. The coronary sinus oxygen tension increased from 19 ± 1 to 22 ± 1 in the noncoronary and from 19 ± 1 to 24 ± 1 mm Hg in the coronary group. The coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference decreased from 13.2 ± 0.6 to 12.5 ± 0.6 ml/100 ml in the coronary group. Left ventricular oxygen consumption fell from 21.5 ± 2.1 to 18.2 ± 2.4 in the noncoronary and from 19.9 ± 2.0 to 16.7 ± 1.7 ml/min in the coronary group. Myocardial lactate extraction increased from 40 ± 9 to 60 ± 4 and from 4 ± 6 to 28 ± 3%, respectively. In four patients with severe coronary artery disease, oxygen breathing reverted myocardial lactate production to extraction. It would appear that oxygen breathing might be beneficial in myocardial ischemia by increasing coronary arterial oxygen tension and reducing myocardial oxygen consumption.
Thoughts on being a physician. An address to the class of 1970
Authors: W. S. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A university is not a factory which takes in raw materials on one end and puts out nicely packaged, finished products on the other. It is a living, breathing group of people who constantly exchange ideas. It is this constant interchange of ideas which pushes back the frontiers of knowledge and understanding of that knowledge. The raw materials for such a system are bright, curious, young minds. These traits we know you have. We hope you will use them. We hope you will ask pertinent questions. We hope you will doubt conventional ways and look at problems from new points of view. We need you just as much as you need us. Those of us who have been in the fray for some time welcome you as enthusiastically as a military unit, pinned down by rifle fire, welcomes fresh, rested, well-trained reinforcements. Everyone in an ideal medical school is a
Combined Use of Gentamicin and Carbenicillin
Authors: Robert E. Winters, Anthony W. Chow, Robert H. Hecht, William L. Hewitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

High concentrations of carbenicillin can decrease the antibacterial activity of gentamicin in vitro over a period of time. Experiments in dogs and humans with normal renal function show that serum levels of gentamicin are not lowered by concomitant therapy with carbenicillin if these antibiotics are not mixed and allowed to stand before their administration.
Genetic Patterns in Retinoblastoma
Authors: A. Sorsby
Journal: BMJ (1954)

A variety of factors, from the personal level to the social level, are associated with suicide, most previous studies have focused on individual characteristics. Of suicide attempters are related to economic factors. The experience of economic difficulties is a factor that greatly affects the life of the individual. In this study, we focus on the groups that have economic difficulties and pay attention to why they commit suicide. In order to reduce and prevent the suicide rate of the elderly, we investigate the demography and character based on elderly suicide attempters who visited the emergency room. Based on the in-depth survey data of emergency room injured patients with 20 hospitals, from January 2011 to December 2015, benefit insurance suicide in 1894 (7.09%) and other insurance suicide party for 24 821 (92.9%) people were analyzed were divided into elderly and adults. Among 26 715 eligible patients, 1894 (7.09%) patients were Medical benefit Insurance, 24 821 (92.9%) other Insurance. Medical benefits insurance was 1632 (86.2%), elderly was 262 (13.8%), young adults was 20 924 (84.3%) and elderly was 3897 (15.7%) in other Insurance. The logistic results were total deaths in hospitals were 2.75 higher in elderly, 2.86 higher in ICU hospitalization and hospital deaths and 3.73 higher in EMRISS. In the interaction model, AORs (95% CIs) of only benefit insurance elderly EMRISS than other insurance elderly was higher 3.73 (3.43–4.06). The mortality rate was not high when the medical insurance was protected.By comparing adults and suicide attempts in the elderly, we could identify the differences.
Management of Breast Cancer: Limited Mastectomy
Authors: George Crile
Journal: JAMA (1974)

IN THE field of cancer we have seen the emergence of many radical ideas about treatment. Most of them, like Lysenko's concepts of evolution, were soon forgotten. I refer to the routine use of radical total pneumonectomy for cancer of the lung, radical prostatectomy for stage I and II prostatic cancer, total gastrectomy for cancers of the distal part of the stomach, total thyroidectomy and classical radical neck dissection for all papillary carcinomas of the thyroid, and the extended radical mastectomy for medial quadrant cancers of the breast. I believe that the conventional radical mastectomy also will follow Lysenko's theory—on the path to oblivion. To me, the most disturbing part of Anglem's paper is his almost paranoid criticism of all who do not agree with him, especially his personal and bitter attack on Dr. Vera Peters. Fortunately, Peters' reputation can stand by itself, for it was she who first conceived
Interferon- γ Modulates Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Expression and Function in Human Airway Myocytes
Authors: YASSINE AMRANI, PAUL E. MOORE, REBECCA HOFFMAN, STEPHANIE A. SHORE, REYNOLD A. PANETTIERI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Leukotrienes play a critical role in promoting bronchoconstriction in asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine whether interferon (IFN)- γ , a cytokine upregulated in asthmatic airways, modulates leukotriene (LT)D4 receptor expression and contractile responses in cultured human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. Treatment of HASM cells with IFN- γ (10 to 1,000 U/ml) stimulated a dose-dependent increase in cell-surface expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1) as determined by flow cytometry. CysLT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were also significantly enhanced by IFN- γ , as demonstrated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. To determine the functional relevance of increased CysLT1 expression in HASM, cell stiffness responses to LTD4 were measured with magnetic twisting cytometry. IFN- γ (1,000 U/ml for 24 h) markedly increased LTD4-induced changes in cell stiffness, from 4.6 ± 1 [mean ± SEM]% to 24.4 ± 3.7% (n = 8, p < 0.05). Montelukast, a CysLT1 antagonist, completely inhibited LTD4-induced increases in cell stiffness. IFN- γ had no effect on the cell stiffness responses to bradykinin, another contractile agonist. Collectively, these data suggest that IFN- γ increases LTD4 responses in HASM cells by increasing cell-surface expression of CysLT1. Our data suggest that increased levels of IFN- γ in asthmatic individuals may promote airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma exacerbations by directly modulating contractile responses of HASM.
The Contributions of Authors to Multiauthored Biomedical Research Papers
Authors: David W. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the contributions of each author to multiauthored biomedical research papers. <h3>Design.</h3> —Mailed, self-administered survey. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 184 first authors from a consecutive sample of 200 papers with four or more authors published in 10 leading biomedical journals. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —First authors' ratings of which authors had made substantial contributions to the following: initial conception of the study, design of the study, provision of needed resources, collection of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing the first draft of the paper or revising drafts for important intellectual content. <h3>Results.</h3> —The contributions of nonfirst authors varied greatly within and among papers. Even second and last authors—though they generally contributed more than other nonfirst authors—were markedly inconsistent in the extent and pattern of their contributions. Time spent on the research differed among authors by orders of magnitude. An appreciable number of authors made few or no substantial contributions to the research. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The nature and extent of contributions of nonfirst authors to biomedical research reported in multiauthored papers cannot reliably be discerned (or discounted) by authorship or order of authors. The two core purposes of scientific authorship—to confer credit and denote responsibility for research—are not adequately being met by these authorship practices. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:438-442)
New video evidence links trunk and knee motion in non-contact ACL injury
Authors: Karim M Khan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Welcome to this almost summer issue of BJSM packed chock full with solutions.Please also make sure you checked last month's ''ACL issue'' 1 as well the bumper Concussion supplement. 2 Continuing the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) themebecause who can get enough of that-Associate Editor Hewett provides another jewel in his crown of contributions that aim to make ACL history.Last month, he and newly-minted PhD Carmen Quatman 3 reviewed the arguments for the valgus forces being the primary mechanism in women; this contrasts with the ''saggital plane'' forces theory.That certainly stirred the pot!
Image-guided, Intravascular Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery to Skeletal Muscle in Pigs
Authors: Kenya Kamimura, Guisheng Zhang, Dexi Liu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Development of an effective, safe, and convenient method for gene delivery to muscle is a critical step toward gene therapy for muscle-associated diseases. Toward this end, we have explored the possibility of combining the image-guided catheter insertion technique with the principle of hydrodynamic delivery to achieve muscle-specific gene transfer in pigs. We demonstrate that gene transfer efficiency of the procedure is directly related to flow rate, injection pressure, and injection volume. The optimal gene delivery was achieved at a flow rate of 15 ml/second with injection pressure of 300 psi and injection volume equal to 1.5% of body weight. Under such a condition, hydrodynamic injection of saline containing pCMV-Luc (100 microg/ml) resulted in luciferase activity of 10(6) to 10(7) relative light units (RLU)/mg of proteins extracted from the targeted muscle 5 days after hydrodynamic gene delivery. Result from immunohistochemical analysis revealed 70-90% transfection efficiency of muscle groups in the hindlimb and persistent reporter gene expression for 2 months in transfected cells. With an exception of transient edema and elevation of creatine phosphokinase, no permanent tissue damage was observed. These results suggest that the image-guided, intravenous hydrodynamic delivery is an effective and safe method for gene delivery to skeletal muscle.
Spontaneous Rupture of the Spleen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ronald E. Krauser
Journal: JAMA (1976)

SPONTANEOUS rupture of solid organs is a rare but potentially serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This patient had a spontaneous rupture of the spleen in the absence of obvious splenic vasculitis or histologic abnormalities. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus developed in a 31-year-old woman in July 1970 after the birth of her third child. Salicylates remained her sole anti-inflammatory therapy, except for a brief course of systemically administered corticosteroids in 1972 for pleuritic chest pain. On the night of April 1, 1974, the patient awoke with nausea and vomiting followed by moderate left upper-quadrant and left flank pain. She denied antecedent trauma, and there was no prior history of splenic enlargement or coagulation abnormalities. The patient's blood pressure was 100/60 mm Hg and her pulse was 110 beats per minute and regular. The abdomen was distended, with moderate tenderness, guarding, and rebound being most pronounced in
Endoscopically Assisted Video Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: W. K. Leung, J. J. Sung
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We read with interest the paper by Hollerbach et al. on ”Endoscopically assisted capsule endoscopy of the small bowel in patients with functional gastric outlet obstruction” [1]. We would like to contribute further information on this issue, based on a patient with unexpected delay passage of the capsule endoscope through the esophagus and its subsequent management.
Evaluation des lésions nodulaires hépatiques par élastografie ultrasonore 2D
Authors: A Guibal, C Boularan, T Lefort, M Vallin, T Walter, J Dumortier, F Pilleul
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: L'élastografie ShearWaveTM (SWE) ou élastografie ultrasonore, est une technique échographique en temps réel qui mesure l'élasticité des tissus, exprimée en kilopascals (kPa), en étudiant la vitesse de propagation d'une onde ultrasonore de cisaillement. Le diagnostic de la nature des lésions nodulaires hépatiques repose sur les examens d'imagerie standard (échografie, scanner, IRM) et nécessite parfois un prélèvement pour analyse histologique. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'apport potentiel de l'élastografie ultrasonore 2D dans la caractérisation de ce type de lésion.
CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF UTERUS, BROAD LIGAMENTS, TUBES AND UPPER TWO-THIRDS OF THE VAGINA.VICARIOUS MENSTRUATION RELIEVED BY OÖPHORECTOMY.
Authors: EARL HARLAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The case here reported is one of more than usual interest, inasmuch as I have been unable, by extensive inquiry and correspondence, to locate one in which the history is parallel. <h3>History.</h3> —Miss F., aged 18, consulted me Sept. 23, 1900. She was a bright, intelligent girl of rather slight build. She stated that she had never menstruated. I thought nothing particularly strange of this, however, as occasionally one meets cases in which this function does not manifest itself until the age of 17, 18 or 19 years. In fact, I had at that time a patient, a well-developed girl of 19, in whom the menses did not appear until the eighteenth year. The patient further stated that at intervals of about every three months since she was 16 years of age, she had "swellings," as she termed them, in the right and left iliac regions. These points were tender
Who Pays the Bills After DNR Orders?
Authors: Alan B. Hollingsworth
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With regard to recent<i>JAMA</i>articles and letters addressing "do not resuscitate" (DNR) orders,<sup>1-3</sup>a new specter appears on the horizon that might compound the complexities of this issue even further. Now that our government has received its MD degree from an unknown diploma factory (rumored to be in the Caribbean) and has entered the practice of "quality care medicine" through peer review organizations (PROs), we have noticed at my hospital's utilization committee meeting that our state's PRO (California Medical Review, Inc) has denied inpatient Medicare payment for all days beyond that moment when the DNR order was placed on the chart. This has occurred for two patients, wherein both instances the PRO made no reference to the DNR order as a deciding factor in denial of payment. Apparently, we are to believe that this is a simple coincidence, although both patients clearly needed further acute
The Risk of Infection from Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure in the Harbor Porpoise ( <i>Phocoena phocoena</i> ): A Case–Control Approach
Authors: Ailsa J. Hall, Kelly Hugunin, Robert Deaville, Robin J. Law, Colin R. Allchin, Paul D. Jepson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The objective of this study was to determine whether the risk of mortality from infectious disease in harbor porpoise in U.K. waters increased with high exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), using a case-control study design. This is the first time that data from a long-term marine mammal strandings scheme have been used to estimate any increase in risk. The exposure odds ratio (OR) from a logistic regression model with infectious disease deaths as cases and physical trauma deaths as controls, after controlling for the effect of confounding factors, was 1.048 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.07]. To further adjust for the difference in energetic status between cases and controls and account for the negative relationship between PCBs (sum of 25 chlorobiphenyl congeners) and blubber mass, we also "standardized" the blubber PCBs to an optimal blubber mass. This lowered the OR to 1.02 (95% CI, 1.00-1.03). Thus, for each 1 mg/kg increase in blubber PCBs, the average increase in risk of infectious disease mortality was 2%. A doubling of risk occurred at approximately 45 mg/kg lipid. In this study, we have endeavored to avoid selection bias by using controls that died of physical trauma as representative of the exposure prevalence in the population that gave rise to the cases. In addition, we controlled for the effect of variation in energetic status among the cases and controls. However, as with case-control studies in human and veterinary epidemiology, unforeseen misclassification errors may result in biased risk estimates in either direction.
<i>S</i>-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase
Authors: Loretta G. Que, Zhonghui Yang, Jonathan S. Stamler, Njira L. Lugogo, Monica Kraft
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Nitric oxide bioactivity, mediated through the formation of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), has a significant effect on bronchomotor tone. S-Nitrosoglutathione is an endogenous bronchodilator that is decreased in children with asthmatic respiratory failure and in adults with asthma undergoing segmental airway challenge. Recently we showed that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) regulates endogenous SNOs. Mice with genetic deletion of GSNOR are protected from airway hyperresponsivity in an allergic asthma model.We hypothesized that GSNOR is increased in human asthma and correlates with lung SNO content and airway reactivity.We recruited 36 subjects with mild asthma with FEV(1) 88.5 +/- 2.3% predicted and 34 healthy control subjects with FEV(1) 100.7 +/- 2.5% predicted. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in all subjects. Cell counts, differentials, GSNOR activity, and SNO levels were determined in BAL.SNO content was decreased in asthmatic BAL compared with control BAL and correlated inversely with GSNOR expression in BAL cell lysates. Furthermore, GSNOR activity measured from BAL samples was significantly increased in subjects with asthma compared with control subjects and correlated inversely with the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% decrease in FEV(1).These findings suggest that GSNOR is an important regulator of airway SNO content and airways hyperresponsiveness in human asthma.