tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sebum excretion in Parkinsonism
Authors: J.L. BURTON, MARGARET CARTLIDGE, N.E.F. CARTLIDGE, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

The sebum excretion rate on each side of the forehead was measured in nineteen patients with Parkinsonism, and related to the severity of the neurological disorder on each side of the body. The absence of a significant correlation between sebum excretion and the severity of Parkinsonism on the two sides suggests that the seborrhoea of Parkinsonism is unlikely to be due to a peripheral neurological effect.
Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Geoffrey M. Habermacher, Judd T. Chason, Anthony J. Schaeffer
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2005)

We review the diagnosis, categorization, and treatment of prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) classification. Prostatitis is an extremely common syndrome that afflicts 2%–10% of men. Formerly a purely clinical diagnosis, prostatitis is now classified within a complex series of syndromes (NIH category I–IV prostatitis) that vary widely in clinical presentation and response to treatment. Acute bacterial prostatitis (category I) and chronic bacterial prostatitis (category II) are characterized by uropathogenic infections of the prostate gland that respond well to antimicrobial treatment. In contrast, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (category III), which accounts for 90%–95% of prostatitis cases, is of unknown etiology and is marked by a mixture of pain, urinary, and ejaculatory symptoms with no uniformly effective therapy. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis (category IV) is an incidental finding of unknown clinical significance. This review describes the current status of prostatitis syndromes and explores the future prospects of new diagnostic tools and therapies.
A Novel Protective Prion Protein Variant that Colocalizes with Kuru Exposure
Authors: Simon Mead, Jerome Whitfield, Mark Poulter, Paresh Shah, James Uphill, Tracy Campbell, Huda Al-Dujaily, Holger Hummerich, Jon Beck, Charles A. Mein, Claudio Verzilli, John Whittaker, Michael P. Alpers, John Collinge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Kuru is a devastating epidemic prion disease that affected a highly restricted geographic area of the Papua New Guinea highlands; at its peak, it predominantly affected adult women and children of both sexes. Its incidence has steadily declined since the cessation of its route of transmission, endocannibalism.
Deposition, Retention, and Translocation of Ultrafine Particles from the Central Airways and Lung Periphery
Authors: Winfried Möller, Kathrin Felten, Knut Sommerer, Gerhard Scheuch, Gabriele Meyer, Peter Meyer, Karl Häussinger, Wolfgang G. Kreyling
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Little is known about clearance of ultrafine carbon particles from the different regions of the human lung. These particles may accumulate and present a health hazard because of their high surface area.Technetium Tc 99m ((99m)Tc)-radiolabeled 100-nm-diameter carbon particles were inhaled by healthy nonsmokers, asymptomatic smokers, and by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Using a bolus inhalation technique, particle deposition was targeted either to the airways or to the lung periphery, and retention, clearance, and translocation were measured using retained radiotracer imaging.In vitro studies revealed that mean leaching of soluble (99m)Tc-radiotracer from the carbon particles was 4.1 (2.6 [SD]) % after 24 hours. Cumulative (99m)Tc activity in urine at 24 hours was 1.1 (1.3) % of activity deposited in the lungs. In the lung periphery, particle retention was not affected by smoking or pulmonary disease; retention was 96 (3) % after 24 hours. The small amount of clearance could be attributed to leaching of the (99m)Tc label, suggesting negligible particle clearance. In healthy nonsmokers, retention of particles targeted to the airways was 89 (6) and 75 (10) % after 1.5 and 24 hours, respectively. Radiolabel activity did not accumulate in the liver.Within the limits of detection of our experimental system, most inhaled ultrafine carbon particles are retained in the lung periphery and in the conducting airways without substantial systemic translocation or accumulation in the liver at 48 hours. Repeated exposure may result in significant pulmonary accumulation of ultrafine particles.
Generating Human Neurons In Vitro and Using Them to Understand Neuropsychiatric Disease
Authors: Sergiu P. Paşca, Georgia Panagiotakos, Ricardo E. Dolmetsch
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2014)

Recent advances in cell reprogramming enable investigators to generate pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells. These induced pluripotent cells can subsequently be differentiated into any cell type, making it possible for the first time to obtain functional human neurons in the lab from control subjects and patients with psychiatric disorders. In this review, we survey the progress made in generating various neuronal subtypes in vitro, with special emphasis on the characterization of these neurons and the identification of unique features of human brain development in a dish. We also discuss efforts to uncover neuronal phenotypes from patients with psychiatric disease and prospects for the use of this platform for drug development.
Adult language acquisition and Universal Grammar
Authors: Robert Freidin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The current conception of the relation between UG and the grammar of a language rules out the no-access hypothesis, but does not distinguish between the full-access and partial-access hypotheses. The former raises the issue of why language acquisition in child and adult should be so different. The evidence presented in Epstein et al.'s target article seems inconclusive regarding a choice between hypotheses.
24 hour ambulatory oesophageal motility monitoring: how should motility data be analysed?
Authors: J E Richter, D O Castell
Journal: Gut (1989)

Ambulatory oesophageal motility/pH monitoring permits accurate detection of oesophageal events during spontaneous chest pain episodes. Opinions differ, however, about the methods to review the extensive motility data and the definition of abnormal motility changes. We studied 30 patients (18 women, age 46 years) with suspected oesophageal chest pain using a portable recording system attached to a 4.5 mm catheter with pressure transducers 3 and 8 cm and pH probe 5 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS). An event marker was triggered by the patient for chest pain. In the patient's diary, pain was recorded on a scale of increasing severity 1-10. Two methods of analysis were used to assess 24 hour motility data. The 24 hour technique sampled five minute asymptomatic baselines throughout the study to define the patient's normal range of oesophageal motility. The second technique used only the 10 minute period immediately before each chest pain episode as the asymptomatic baseline. Chest pain episodes were defined as abnormal if associated with pH less than 4 or motility changes not present during the asymptomatic baseline analysis: 135 chest pain episodes were recorded. The method of motility analysis significantly (p less than 0.01) changed the number of chest pain episodes associated with abnormal motility: 24 hour technique - 14 episodes (10%) versus a 2.5-fold increase with the 10 minute baseline technique - 33 episodes (24%). Acid related pain episodes were similar in both groups - 13%. The majority of chest pain episodes had no association with abnormal motility or acid reflux. Increasing chest pain severity was inversely correlated with the presence of abnormal oesophageal events. We conclude that limited analysis of 24 hour motility data may over diagnose motility related chest pain events and lead to inappropriate medical or surgical therapy.
Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Pleura: Surgical Treatment, Analysis of Our Cases from September 1999 to August 2014
Authors: F. Gradica, L. Lisha, D. Argjiri, F. Kokici, A. Cami, G. Cerga, P. Hyska, P. Kapisyzi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Adrenergic, insulin, and work interactions with adenosine's effects on in situ myocardial glucose uptake
Authors: W LAW, M MCLANE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

We have demonstrated that adenosine enhances insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake in situ. In the present study we determined the role of adrenergic influences and myocardial work on insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake while varying intracoronary adenosine concentrations. Under pentobarbital anesthesia we instrumented mongrel dogs to obtain blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial and coronary sinus blood samples for measuring oxygen and glucose concentrations. An electromagnetic blood flow probe around the circumflex coronary artery allowed determinations of blood flow, and calculation of myocardial oxygen (MVO2) and glucose (MGU) uptakes. Somatostatin was infused i.v. (0.8 microgram/kg.min-1) along with 10 mU/kg.min-1 regular insulin, and variable quantities of glucose to maintain euglycemia. Adenosine was infused at logarithmic incremental rates (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mumoles.min-1) for 30 min each into the main left coronary arteries. Adrenergic blockade was achieved with i.v. propranolol (70 micrograms/kg bolus followed by 5 micrograms/kg.min-1 infusion), and phentolamine (95 micrograms/kg bolus followed by 9.5 micrograms/kg.min-1 infusion). Insulin infusion significantly increased MGU. Adenosine increased the maximal value for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Adrenergic blockade alone did not alter insulin-stimulated MGU, but reduced heart rate and MVO2. When evaluated relative to MVO2 1.0 mumoles/ml adenosine infusion increased MGU independent of work-related changes in the presence or absence of adrenergic blockade. With an adenosine infusion rate of 10 mumoles/ml myocardial glucose uptake returned to baseline. These data also support our earlier speculation that the MGU response to adenosine may be biphasic. These results suggest that antagonism of adrenergic effects by adenosine cannot account for adenosine's ability to enhance insulin's effects on glucose uptake in the heart, but that work-related influences should be accounted for in interpreting results of this kind.
Delayed onset of bullous reaction with severe deep skin necrosis in association with sertraline
Authors: M.E. Kirkup, E.A. Sheffield, L.J. Sacks, J.E. Sansom
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Delayed onset of bullous reaction with severe deep skin necrosis in association with sertraline Get access M.E. Kirkup, M.E. Kirkup Departments of Dermatology and Histopathology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A. Sheffield, E.A. Sheffield Departments of Dermatology and Histopathology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.J. Sacks, L.J. Sacks Department of Plastic Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol BS16 1ND, U.K. E‐mail: maggie.kirkup@btinternet.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.E. Sansom J.E. Sansom Departments of Dermatology and Histopathology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 1, 1 January 2004, Pages 164–166, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05736.x Published: 01 January 2004
R-CHOP versus R-CVP in the treatment of follicular lymphoma: a meta-analysis and critical appraisal of current literature
Authors: Ganguly Siddhartha, Patel Vijay
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

R-CHOP (rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) and R-CVP (rituximab with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone) have both been used successfully in the treatment of patients with symptomatic follicular lymphoma (FL). No study has compared the efficacy of the two treatment modalities and attempted to evaluate the role of anthracyclines in the management of patients with FL. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant literature comparing the two treatment arms for FL with response being the final endpoint. Two analyses were conducted: The first analysis compared R-CHOP to R-CVP as frontline agents for the treatment of FL, and the second analysis included both untreated and relapsed patients. For both studies, R-CVP was superior to R-CHOP when evaluating for complete response (CR). Odds ratios were 2.86 (95% CI, 1.81–4.51) in the first analysis and 1.48 (95% CI, 0.991–2.22) in the second analysis. However for overall response (CR+Partial response, PR), R-CHOP was superior, with odds ratios of 5.45 (95% CI: 2.51 – 11.83) and 5.54 (95% CI: 2.69 – 11.40), for the first and second analyses, respectively. R-CHOP and R-CVP protocols achieve excellent overall response. In patients with known cardiac history, omission of anthracyclines is reasonable and R-CVP provides a competitive CR rate. In younger patients with FL where cumulative cardio-toxicity may be of importance in the long term and in whom future stem cell transplantation is an option, again R-CVP may be a more appealing option.
Studies of colonic carcinoma antigens
Authors: M. S. Kleinman, L. Harwell, M. D. Turner
Journal: Gut (1971)

Extracts of human colonic adenocarcinomata were made with perchloric acid and shown to contain antigens which were not present in pooled samples of normal colonic mucosa or in healthy colonic mucosa from patients providing the tumours. Antisera prepared against the tumour extracts gave two precipitin lines on immunodiffusion, and antiserum prepared in Montreal according to the methods devised by Gold and Freedman (1965a and b) also gave two lines of precipitation when tested against some of these extracts; one of these precipitin lines gave a reaction of identity with that given by the antiserum produced here. The results suggest that perchloric acid may extract two antigens from colonic carcinomata.
Population Genetics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a High-Prevalence Community Using a Hypervariable Outer Membrane porB and 13 Slowly Evolving Housekeeping Genes
Authors: Marcos Pérez-Losada, Raphael P. Viscidi, James C. Demma, Jonathan Zenilman, Keith A. Crandall
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Baltimore, Md., is an urban community with a high prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Due to partially protective immune responses, introduction of new strains from other host populations, and exposure of N. gonorrhoeae to antibiotics, the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the circulating strains can fluctuate over time. Understanding the overall genetic diversity and population structure of N. gonorrhoeae is essential for informing public health interventions to eliminate this pathogen. We studied gonococci population genetics in Baltimore by analyzing a hypervariable and strongly selected outer membrane porB gene and 13 slowly evolving and presumably neutral housekeeping genes (abcZ, adk, aroE, fumC, gdh, glnA, gnd, pdhC, pgm, pilA, ppk, pyrD, and serC) in 204 isolates collected in 1991, 1996, and 2001 from male and female patients of two public sexually transmitted diseases clinics. Genetic diversity (θ), recombination (C), growth (g), population structure, and adaptive selection under codon-substitution and amino acid property models were estimated and compared between these two gene classes. Estimates of the FST fixation index and the χ2 test of sequence absolute frequencies revealed significant temporal substructuring for both gene types. Baltimore's N. gonorrhoeae populations have increased since 1991 as indicated by consistent positive values of g. Female patients showed similar or lower levels of θ and C than male patients. Within the MLST housekeeping genes, levels of θ and C ranged from 0.001–0.013 and 0.000–0.018, respectively. Overall recombination seems to be the dominant force driving evolution in these populations. All loci showed amino acid sites and physicochemical properties under adaptive (or positive-destabilizing) selection, rejecting the generally assumed hypothesis of stabilizing selection for these MLST genes. Within the porB gene, protein I B showed higher θ and C values than protein I A. Directional positive selection possibly mediated by the immune system operates to a significant extent in the protein I sequences, as indicated by the distribution of the positively selected sites in the surface-exposed loops. Thirteen amino acid physicochemical properties seem to drive protein evolution of the PI porins in N. gonorrhoeae.
Suppression of Ewing's Sarcoma Tumor Growth, Tumor Vessel Formation, and Vasculogenesis Following Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Therapy
Authors: Zhichao Zhou, Marcela F. Bolontrade, Krishna Reddy, Xiaoping Duan, Hui Guan, Ling Yu, Daniel J. Hicklin, Eugenie S. Kleinerman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: We previously showed that bone marrow cells participate in new tumor vessel formation in Ewing's sarcoma, and that vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) is critical to this process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether blocking VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) with DC101 antibody suppresses tumor growth, reduces tumor vessel formation, and inhibits the migration of bone marrow cells into the tumor. Experimental Design: An H-2 MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplant Ewing's sarcoma mouse model was used. Bone marrow cells from CB6F1 (MHC H-2b/d) mice were injected into irradiated BALB/cAnN mice (MHC H-2d). TC71 Ewing's sarcoma cells were s.c. injected 4 weeks after the bone marrow transplantation. Mice were then treated i.p. with DC101 antibody or immunoglobulin G (control) twice a week for 3 weeks starting 3 days after tumor cell injection. Results: DC101 antibody therapy significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor mean vessel density (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Decreased bone marrow cell migration into the tumor was also shown after DC101 therapy as assessed by the colocalization of H-2Kb and CD31 using immunohistochemistry. DC101 inhibited the migration of both human and mouse vessel endothelial cells in vitro. Conclusion: These results indicated that blocking VEGFR-2 with DC101 antibodies may be a useful therapeutic approach for treating patients with Ewing's sarcoma.
Dual bronchodilation with QVA149 reduces patient-reported dyspnoea in COPD: the BLAZE study
Authors: D. A. Mahler, M. Decramer, A. D'Urzo, H. Worth, T. White, V. K. T. Alagappan, H. Chen, N. Gallagher, K. Kulich, D. Banerji
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

We evaluated the effect of QVA149, a dual bronchodilator combining indacaterol and glycopyrronium, on direct patient-reported dyspnoea in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this multicentre, blinded, double-dummy, three-period crossover study, 247 patients were randomised to once-daily QVA149 110/50 μg, placebo or tiotropium 18 μg. Superiority of QVA149 <i>versus</i> placebo (primary objective) and tiotropium (secondary objective) was assessed for improvement in dyspnoea <i>via</i> the self-administered computerised (SAC) version of the Baseline and Transition Dyspnoea Index after 6 weeks. Secondary end-points included lung function, rescue medication use and safety. After 6 weeks, the SAC Transition Dyspnoea Index total score was significantly higher with QVA149 <i>versus</i> placebo (least squares mean (LSM) treatment difference 1.37, p&lt;0.001) and tiotropium (LSM treatment difference 0.49, p=0.021). QVA149 provided significant improvements in lung function, with higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s area under the curve from 0–4 h post-dose <i>versus</i> placebo and tiotropium at day 1 and week 6 (all p&lt;0.001). Rescue medication use was significantly lower with QVA149 <i>versus</i> placebo (p&lt;0.001) and tiotropium (p=0.002). All treatments were well tolerated. Once-daily QVA149 provided superior improvements in patient-reported dyspnoea and lung function <i>versus</i> placebo and tiotropium. These benefits were associated with improvements in other symptoms and reduced use of rescue medication.
U. S.-Japan Cooperative Cancer Research Program Conference Causative and Modifying Factors in Digestive Tract Cancer
Authors: Gary M. Williams, Shigeaki Sato
Journal: Cancer Research (1987)

Cancer is a different disease in each organ and has multifactorial causes. Accordingly, the interactive effects of various cancer-causing factors should be extensively studied. For this, well-conceived and carefully executed animal experiments are needed. In such experiments, the choice of appropriate experimental diets in terms of components, nutrition, and calories is very important. Experimental approaches reflecting human conditions and further epidemiological studies, including those in low-risk areas of cancer, should clarify the role of modifying factors in carcinogenesis.
Hyperglycemia and Externalizing Behavior in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ciara M. McDonnell, Elisabeth A. Northam, Susan M. Donath, George A. Werther, Fergus J. Cameron
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Ancedotally, parents report behavioral changes in their diabetic children who have fluctuating blood glucose levels. This study aimed to test associations between intercurrent glycemia and child behavior in an ambulant setting.Prepubertal children attending the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, with type 1 diabetes received glycemic assessment and simultaneous behavioral assessment on two occasions 6 months apart. Subjects wore a continuous glucose monitor over a 72-h period, and parents completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children at the two study time points.There was a high correlation between intra-individual externalizing and internalizing behavior scores (r = 0.88, P < 0.001 and r = 0.81, P < 0.001, respectively) at the two time points. Mean blood glucose (MBG) was significantly associated with the mean externalizing behavior score (beta = 1.7 [95% CI 0.6-2.8], adjusted r(2) = 0.088). Percentage of time in the normal (r = -0.2 [-0.3 to -0.5], adjusted r(2) = 0.068) and high (r = 0.2 [0.07-0.3], adjusted r(2) = 0.089) glycemic ranges were significantly associated with the mean externalizing behavior score. For every 5% increase in time in the normal glycemic range, there was a decrease in the externalizing behavior score of 1.0, and for every 5% increase in time in the high glycemic range there was an increase in the externalizing behavior score of 1.0. There was no significant association between MBG and the mean internalizing behavior score.Externalizing behaviors were associated with intercurrent glycemic status. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the mechanisms of this association and how it might impact ultimate diabetes outcomes.