tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug taking in prisons: the inside story
Authors: David Crosby
Journal: BMJ (2005)

O n retirement from surgery I took up a number of different interests, one of which was to join the independent monitoring board of our local prison. This is an improved title for what used to be known as prisons' boards of visitors. We are appointed by the Home Office, and essentially our duties involve visiting the prison on a regular basis and monitoring whether prisoners are being treated decently and fairly under existing prison rules. We make confidential inquiries for them if they believe they aren't being treated properly and representations if they seem to be justified. I believe the system works very well. Had there been something similar in Iraq, I doubt we would now be hearing the recent horror stories coming from its prisons.

The foremost requirement for this kind of work is to believe that no matter what awful things people have done or how unpleasant they continue to be they must still be treated decently as human beings. Secondly, we encourage as best as we …
Specialist approach to childhood asthma: does it exist?
Authors: R L Henry, A D Milner
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Twenty six paediatricians and 21 consultant physicians concerned in the care of children with asthma answered a postal questionnaire on various aspects of the management of asthma, attitudes to referral, and the nature of advice given to parents and children. The 47 specialists had considerable differences in opinion for more than half the questions, including the role of allergen skin tests and the use of "breathing exercises." In addition, the paediatricians disagreed with the responses of the non-paediatricians on common issues such as whether to use aminophylline suppositories and whether swimming helps children grow out of asthma. These results have disturbing implications for the advice that specialists give to general practitioners, children, and parents.
Oral Penicillin for Pneumonia in the Adult
Authors: T. Anderson, J. B. Landsman
Journal: BMJ (1947)

has found that powder-puffs are a menace to health," reports B.U.P. "Anyone who has seen a powder-puff pulled out of a lady's handbag containing loose change, tobacco dust, and handkerchiefs, clean or otherwise, must have looked in awe as the perspired face and forehead were punished by swift, firm, hasty strokes smeared on fiercely by a deft, practised hand.Twenty- four hours later the owner of the face is surprised to find a crop of pimples spread over the cheek and forehead.In despair, she covers these again and again by the same method, and her wonder grows that her pimples multiply.
Histological prevalence of β2-microglobulin amyloidosis in hemodialysis: A prospective post-mortem study
Authors: Michel Jadoul, Christian Garbar, Henri Noël, Jacques Sennesael, Raymond Vanholder, Pascale Bernaert, Georges Rorive, Geneviève Hanique, Charles van Ypersele de Strihou
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Abstract 583: Identification of Target Proteins for Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS-1) in the Heart
Authors: Sabine Telemaque, Zhen Wang
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Changes in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration regulate numerous cellular functions that are mediated by Ca 2+ binding to a large family of EF-hand Ca 2+ sensor proteins. We previously reported that one of them, neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) was present in both cytosol and membrane fractions of rat heart. Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of NCS-1 to isolated ventricular myocytes results in an increase in myocardial contractile function, with a slight alteration of sarcoplasmic reticular function. Aims and Methods: To further investigate the role of NCS-1 in the regulation of cardiac contractility, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify novel protein interactions among cardiac E-C coupling-associated proteins and NCS-1. Human NCS-1 was used as a bait to screen a human heart cDNA library by yeast mating. Results: 120 positive colonies were initially obtained under high stringency mating selection. DNA inserts of 47 true positive clones were sequenced; 27 clones contained unique DNA sequences, including 4 unknown genes. The remaining 23 identified proteins are primarily expressed in the cytoplasm, with fewer proteins localized at the plasma membrane. Cellular functions of these proteins include membrane transport, metabolism energy pathways, cell growth/maintenance, signal transduction/cell communication and structural/cytoskeletal-associated proteins. Interestingly, the yeast two hybrid studies show that NCS-1 interacts with Troponin I (cTnI), a key inhibitory protein involved in the regulation of E-C coupling in cardiac muscle. cTnI inhibits sarcomere contraction by interfering with actin-myosin interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation studies in cardiomyocytes also suggest an interaction between NCS-1 and Troponin I. Conclusion: Our results deonstrate that NCS-1 is involved in multiple aspects of Ca 2+ signaling in the heart. Furthermore, identification of a possible protein-protein interaction between Troponin I and NCS-1 provides novel insights into a cellular mechanism by which NCS-1 can augment cardiac contractile function.
The Rule of Six
Authors: Lawrence Gould
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The art of phonocardiography may seem difficult to many physicians. This is mainly due to inability to remember the time intervals between the various components of the heart sounds. By applying the "rule of six," phonocardiography can be greatly simplified. The interval between the Q-wave of the electrocardiogram and the first heart sound (Q-S<sub>1</sub>interval) can normally be up to 0.06 seconds. On inspiration, the aortic (A<sub>2</sub>) and pulmonic components (P<sub>2</sub>) of the second sound may normally reach a maximum of 0.06 seconds. The opening snap of mitral stenosis may occur from 0.06 to 0.12 seconds after the aortic component of the second sound. The third heart sound or its pathologic counter part, the protodiastolic gallop, may occur from 0.12 to 0.18 seconds after the aortic component of the second sound. Thus, by using the number six or its multiples the various time intervals
Abstract 5270: Prevalence of inactivating protein kinase C mutations in human cancers
Authors: Corina E. Antal, Emily Kang, Natalie L. Stephenson, Eleanor W. Trotter, Tony Hunter, John Brognard, Alexandra Newton
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) levels are aberrant in diverse cancers and over 400 mutations in PKC have been identified in human cancers. Here we characterized PKC mutations identified in human cancers to investigate whether PKCs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors or whether their function is isozyme and/or context dependent. Live-cell imaging was used to determine how these mutations affect PKC translocation, subcellular localization, and activity. Cell-based assays were used to determine how PKC mutations alter proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and anchorage-independent growth. Of 37 mutations we examined thus far, 24 of them reduced or completely abolished PKC activity, while only 1 increased it. These mutations reside within the diacylglycerol-binding C1 domain, the Ca2+-binding C2 domain, or the kinase domain of conventional, novel, or atypical PKCs. The inactivating mutations ablate activity by either impeding Ca2+ or diacylglycerol binding, or by yielding a misfolded kinase. Our results suggest that PKC can act as a tumor suppressor in certain cancers. Understanding whether mutations are activating or inactivating in specific cancers would allow us to determine whether therapeutic strategies should target ways to inactivate or activate PKC in the respective cancers. Citation Format: Corina E. Antal, Emily Kang, Natalie L. Stephenson, Eleanor W. Trotter, Tony Hunter, John Brognard, Alexandra Newton. Prevalence of inactivating protein kinase C mutations in human cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5270. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5270
Middle aged white people are healthier in England than US
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

People aged 55 to 64 in England are healthier than their counter-parts in the United States, a new study shows. This is despite the fact that the US spends $5274 (£2900; €4193) per person on medical care each year and the United Kingdom as a whole spends only $2164.

The disparity between the health of middle aged white English and American people found is so great, the study found, that the prevalence of diabetes and heart disease among Americans of the highest socioeconomic status is similar to that among the lowest …
Cardioprotection evoked by remote ischaemic preconditioning is critically dependent on the activity of vagal pre-ganglionic neurones
Authors: Svetlana Mastitskaya, Nephtali Marina, Andrey Gourine, Michael P. Gilbey, K. Michael Spyer, Anja G. Teschemacher, Sergey Kasparov, Stefan Trapp, Gareth L. Ackland, Alexander V. Gourine
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Innate mechanisms of inter-organ protection underlie the phenomenon of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RPc) in which episode(s) of ischaemia and reperfusion in tissues remote from the heart reduce myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. The uncertainty surrounding the mechanism(s) underlying RPc centres on whether humoral factor(s) produced during ischaemia/reperfusion of remote tissue and released into the systemic circulation mediate RPc, or whether a neural signal is required. While these two hypotheses may not be incompatible, one approach to clarify the potential role of a neural pathway requires targeted disruption or activation of discrete central nervous substrate(s). Using a rat model of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in combination with viral gene transfer, pharmaco-, and optogenetics, we tested the hypothesis that RPc cardioprotection depends on the activity of vagal pre-ganglionic neurones and consequently an intact parasympathetic drive. For cell-specific silencing or activation, neurones of the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DVMN) were targeted using viral vectors to express a Drosophila allatostatin receptor (AlstR) or light-sensitive fast channelrhodopsin variant (ChIEF), respectively. RPc cardioprotection, elicited by ischaemia/reperfusion of the limbs, was abolished when DVMN neurones transduced to express AlstR were silenced by selective ligand allatostatin or in conditions of systemic muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine. In the absence of remote ischaemia/reperfusion, optogenetic activation of DVMN neurones transduced to express ChIEF reduced infarct size, mimicking the effect of RPc. These data indicate a crucial dependence of RPc cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury upon the activity of a distinct population of vagal pre-ganglionic neurones.
Equity and consultation rates in general practice.
Authors: M Blaxter
Journal: BMJ (1984)

An attempt was made to distinguish different types of consultations and their variation by social class by a secondary analysis of the second national morbidity survey in general practice. The greatest difference in consultation rates, comparing patients in social classes IV and V with those in classes I and II, was for life threatening, urgent, chronic, or incapacitating conditions, thus matching the presumed difference in need. For more trivial conditions and for symptoms not specifically diagnosed the difference between social classes was less, and for married women in various ways consultation rates suggested less care seeking by patients in the lower social classes. The different uses made of primary care is more illuminating and more relevant to the question of equality in use of services than crude overall consulting rates by social class.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE ETIOLOGY OF PEMPHIGUS VULGAEIS AND DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS (DUHRING'S DISEASE): A CLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: A. DOSTROVSKY, I. GUREVITCH, H. UNGAK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1938)

Journal Article ON THE QUESTION OF THE ETIOLOGY OF PEMPHIGUS VULGAEIS AND DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS (DUHRING'S DISEASE): A CLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Get access A. DOSTROVSKY, A. DOSTROVSKY Rothschild‐Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. GUREVITCH, I. GUREVITCH Rothschild‐Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. UNGAK H. UNGAK Rothschild‐Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 50, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1938, Pages 412–435, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1938.tb10589.x Published: 01 August 1938
Functional <i>EGFR</i> Germline Polymorphisms May Confer Risk for <i>EGFR</i> Somatic Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, with a Predominant Effect on Exon 19 Microdeletions
Authors: Wanqing Liu, Lijun He, Jacqueline Ramírez, Soundararajan Krishnaswamy, Rajani Kanteti, Yi-Ching Wang, Ravi Salgia, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Somatic mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain play a critical role in the development and treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Strong genetic influence on susceptibility to these mutations has been suggested. To identify the genetic factors conferring risk for the EGFR tyrosine kinase mutations in NSCLC, a case–control study was conducted in 141 Taiwanese NSCLC patients by focusing on three functional polymorphisms in the EGFR gene [−216G/T, intron 1 (CA)n, and R497K]. Allelic imbalance of the EGFR −216G/T polymorphism was also tested in the heterozygous patients and in the NCI-60 cancer cell lines to further verify its function. We found that the frequencies of the alleles −216T and CA-19 are significantly higher in the patients with any mutation (P = 0.032 and 0.01, respectively), in particular in those with exon 19 microdeletions (P = 0.006 and 0.033, respectively), but not in the patients with L858R mutation. The −216T allele is favored to be amplified in both tumor DNA of lung cancer patients and cancer cell lines. We conclude that the local haplotype structures across the EGFR gene may favor the development of cellular malignancies and thus significantly confer risk to the occurrence of EGFR mutations in NSCLC, particularly the exon 19 microdeletions. Cancer Res; 71(7); 2423–7. ©2011 AACR.
Now: four ways to treat gonorrhea
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Four drug regimens now are recommended by the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, for treating uncomplicated gonorrhea. The new schedules represent the first major revisions in treatment recommendations since 1974. Paul J. Wiesner, MD, director of the CDC's Venereal Disease Control Division, says the principal changes involve the elevation of oral drug regimens to equal status with other therapeutic approaches. The CDC officials conferred with 12 physician "therapy consultants" before offering these "drug regimens of choice" for uncomplicated gonococcal infections in men and women: Aqueous penicillin G procaine—4.8 million units injected intramuscularly at two sites, with 1.0 g of probenecid by mouth; Tetracycline hydrochloride—0.5 g by mouth one hour before or two hours after meals (because food and some dairy products interfere with absorption), four times a day for five days to a total dose of 10.0 g; Ampicillin sodium—3.5 g, with 1 g probenecid by
Solid Fuel Use for Household Cooking: Country and Regional Estimates for 1980–2010
Authors: Sophie Bonjour, Heather Adair-Rohani, Jennyfer Wolf, Nigel G. Bruce, Sumi Mehta, Annette Prüss-Ustün, Maureen Lahiff, Eva A. Rehfuess, Vinod Mishra, Kirk R. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Exposure to household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels in simple stoves is a major health risk. Modeling reliable estimates of solid fuel use is needed for monitoring trends and informing policy.Objectives: In order to revise the disease burden attributed to household air pollution for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 project and for international reporting purposes, we estimated annual trends in the world population using solid fuels.Methods: We developed a multilevel model based on national survey data on primary cooking fuel.Results: The proportion of households relying mainly on solid fuels for cooking has decreased from 62% (95% CI: 58, 66%) to 41% (95% CI: 37, 44%) between 1980 and 2010. Yet because of population growth, the actual number of persons exposed has remained stable at around 2.8 billion during three decades. Solid fuel use is most prevalent in Africa and Southeast Asia where > 60% of households cook with solid fuels. In other regions, primary solid fuel use ranges from 46% in the Western Pacific, to 35% in the Eastern Mediterranean and < 20% in the Americas and Europe.Conclusion: Multilevel modeling is a suitable technique for deriving reliable solid-fuel use estimates. Worldwide, the proportion of households cooking mainly with solid fuels is decreasing. The absolute number of persons using solid fuels, however, has remained steady globally and is increasing in some regions. Surveys require enhancement to better capture the health implications of new technologies and multiple fuel use.
Immunohistochemical analysis of dystrophin-associated proteins in Becker/Duchenne muscular dystrophy with huge in-frame deletions in the NH2-terminal and rod domains of dystrophin.
Authors: K Matsumura, A H Burghes, M Mora, F M Tomé, L Morandi, F Cornello, F Leturcq, M Jeanpierre, J C Kaplan, P Reinert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The absence of dystrophin causes the drastic reduction of the dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) in the sarcolemma and the loss of the linkage between the subsarcolemmal cytoskele- ton and the extracellular matrix in Duchenne muscular dys- trophy (DMD) skeletal muscle.Here, we report a mild reduc- tion of the DAPs in the unique Becker muscular dystrophy patients with huge deletions in the rod domain of dystrophin and a moderate reduction of the DAPs in patients with huge deletions that involve both the NH2-terminal and rod domains of dystrophin.The phenotype of the latter patients was more severe than that of the former.In both cases, however, the reduction in the DAPs was milder than in typical DMD pa- tients or DMD patients lacking the COOH-terminal domains of dystrophin.Our results suggest that (a) the NH2-terminal and rod domains of dystrophin may not be essential for the interaction with the sarcolemmal glycoprotein complex; and (b) defects in the actin binding activity of dystrophin may cause disruption of the anchorage of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex to the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton, which may render muscle fibers susceptible to degeneration. (J.Clin.In- vest.1994.93:99-105.
Complete recovery of pure red cell aplasia by intramuscular gammaglobulin therapy in a child with hypoparathyroidism
Authors: A. Etzioni, D. Atias, S. Pollack, J. Levy, P. Vardi, H. Hazani, A. Benderly
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract A 10‐year‐old girl with multiple endocrinopathies, hypoparathyroidism, and pernicious anemia subsequently developed pure red cell aplasia, which responded only temporarily to cytotoxic therapy. Because of transfusion dependency, resistance to steroids, plasmapheresis, and Cytoxan, she was given injections of intramuscular gammaglobulin. The injections caused a prompt and sustained rise in the child's erythropoiesis.
Human cartilage lysozyme
Authors: Robert A. Greenwald, Alan S. Josephson, Herbert S. Diamond, Ambrose Tsang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The lysozyme content of human cartilage was measured by incubation of lyophilized, powdered cartilage in a variety of buffers and salt solutions, and the factors controlling the binding of lysozyme within cartilage were studied. Lysozyme was extracted from hyaline cartilage by buffers of pH greater than 9.0 by solutions 1 M in monovalent cations, and by solutions 0.12-0.40 M in divalent cations. The ability of cations to extract lysozyme from cartilage agreed with their known affinities for binding to chondroitin sulfate. The total extractable lysozyme content of five samples of human costal cartilage ranged from 1.45 to 3.36 mug lysozyme per mg of cartilage; for five samples of hyaline cartilage from peripheral joints the range was 0.80-3.03 mug lysozyme per mg of cartilage. Cartilage incubated in excess exogenous lysozyme could bind 0.053 equivalents of lysozyme per equivalent of chondroitin sulfate. Fibrocartilage and synovium from knee joints yielded no detectable lysozyme, despite the fact that synovium, a tissue rich in lysosomes, contained measurable quantities of beta-glucuronidase. Lysozyme extraction from cartilage was not augmented by incubation with streptolysin S. When incubation was carried out with mild extraction techniques, lysozyme extraction from cartilage tended to parallel uronic acid release, both as a function of time and from one specimen to another. The active material as lysozyme. Lysozyme occurs in human hyaline cartilage as a counterion to polyanionic glycosaminoglycans. Carextracted from cartilage met five criteria for identification tilage lysozyme appears to be extracellular and nonlysosomal. Degradation of cartilage may contribute to the increased serum and synovial fluid lysozyme levels often present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Screening for Family Violence: What's an Evidence-Based Doctor To Do?
Authors: Ned Calonge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters6 July 2004Screening for Family Violence: What's an Evidence-Based Doctor To Do?Ned Calonge, MD, MPHNed Calonge, MD, MPHFrom U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Rockville, MD 20852.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-1-200407060-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Lachs's musings on screening for family violence (1) point out the need for better dialogue with practicing clinicians about how evidence-based practice should interface with the art of medicine, the need for better understanding of the mission of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and the need for a discussion of what a grade I recommendation from the USPSTF means and how it might assist a clinician in his or her practice.The USPSTF, since its inception in 1984, has recognized family and intimate partner violence as a vitally important health issue and has periodically ...Reference1. Lachs MS. Screening for family violence: what's an evidence-based doctor to do? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:399-400. [PMID: 14996683] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Rockville, MD 20852. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Family Violence: What's an Evidence-Based Doctor To Do? Mark S. Lachs Metrics 6 July 2004Volume 141, Issue 1Page: 82-83KeywordsClinical epidemiologyDomestic violenceEvidence based medicineHealth information technologyIntimate partner violenceSmoking cessation ePublished: 6 July 2004 Issue Published: 6 July 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...