tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computer Support for Elderly Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: David H. Gustafson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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Population prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in a community of German third graders
Authors: M.S. Urschitz, P.E. Brockmann, M. Schlaud, C.F. Poets
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

We aimed to estimate the population prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in an urban community of German third graders (age range 7.3–12.4 yrs) and the diagnostic test accuracy of two OSA screening methods. Using a cross-sectional study design with a multi-stage sampling strategy, 27 out of 59 primary schools within the city limits of Hanover, Germany, were selected. 1,144 third graders were screened for symptoms and signs of OSA using questionnaires and nocturnal home pulse oximetry. 183 children underwent abbreviated nocturnal home polysomnography (OSA definition: apnoea/hypopnoea index ≥1) and 22 were diagnosed to suffer from OSA. In general, sensitivity for both screening methods was low (&lt;0.6), while specificity was moderately high (mostly &gt;0.7). Independent predictors for OSA were body mass index, history of allergy, a composite questionnaire score, and two oximetry-based criteria. Based on these variables and logistic regression, a prediction model (accuracy; 95% confidence interval: 0.86; 0.71–0.94) was constructed and applied to children who had not successfully undergone polysomnography. This resulted in nine additional OSA cases and an overall design-adjusted population prevalence (95% confidence interval) of 2.8% (1.5–4.1%). Clinical and oximetry findings may be helpful for screening and predicting OSA in primary school children.
Bronchoscopic management of tracheal lesions using the neodynium yttrium aluminium garnet laser.
Authors: L Toty, C Personne, A Colchen, G Vourc'h
Journal: Thorax (1981)

We report our first clinical trials with the NdYAG laser in the treatment of tracheal and bronchial tumours and stenoses. The beam is carried through a flexible fibre delivering a power of 50 to 90 watts. It can be introduced through the biopsy channel of a standard bronchoscope, or through a fibrescope. Anaesthesia must avoid inflammable gases. In most cases, general anaesthesia was used, and ventilation achieved with a mixture of 50% nitrogen and oxygen, using a modification of the Sanders injector. One hundred and sixty-four cases have been treated in 317 sessions (from one to five sessions per patient). They comprised: 72 cancers, 24 of which had just been diagnosed and had acute respiratory obstruction. In 16, one single session restored the patency of the airway. Forty-eight other cases were recurrent carcinomas after either surgery or radiotherapy, nine of which were caused by cancers of other origin invading the trachea; 21 benign or moderately malignant tumours; 44 iatrogenic stenoses, including 31 narrow ones. Of those 31 cases, 17 had an immediate satisfactory result, but eight recurred; 24 granulomas on bronchial suture lines. There were two deaths not directly related to surgery or anaesthesia. Bleeding was never more than moderate. The main difficulty lies in the critical respiratory condition of the patients, sometimes seen in acute asphyxia, referred to us as a last resort, especially those with carcinomas involving the trachea or main bronchi.
Good news, bad news: sports matter but occupational and household activity really matter – sport and recreation unlikely to be a panacea for public health
Authors: Charles R Ratzlaff
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Physical activity is incontrovertibly associated with major health benefits including decreased mortality.1 The population health challenge is how to encourage people to be physically active when technological advances generally promote the opposite behaviour. This editorial highlights novel data indicating that lifetime physical activity is influenced more by occupational and lifestyle activity than by ‘sport’ as strictly defined.

Participation in organised or volitional sport and exercise programmes can contribute to daily physical activity quotas. However, our recent population-based research measuring lifetime physical activity produced an unexpected finding – sporting activity formed a small fraction of overall physical activity compared with occupational and household activity (figure 1). This was true whether sport was measured as energy expenditure or as knee and hip joint force.2



Figure 1 
Lifetime energy expenditure for sport by gender (reported in metabolic equivalent (MET)–hours per week)



Historically, epidemiological studies primarily based physical activity estimates on occupation. These data were gender biased due to the male-dominated workforce. As physical activity has declined significantly in most occupations, there has been a greater emphasis in recent decades for physical activity inventories to capture sports and leisure-time activity. Despite this shift, we found that the occupation and household domains remain the most important. Using a rigorously developed and validated3 computer-guided lifetime physical activity questionnaire in a sample of 4269 Canadian adults aged 45–90 years, we found that …
Activation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Transformed B Lymphocytes Is Nutrient Dependent but Independent of Akt, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase, Insulin Growth Factor-I, and Serum
Authors: Pawel Wlodarski, Monika Kasprzycka, Xiaobin Liu, Michal Marzec, Erle S. Robertson, Artur Slupianek, Mariusz A. Wasik
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The study examines the preponderance and mechanism of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation in three distinct types of transformed B lymphocytes that differ in expression of the EBV genome. All three types [EBV-immortalized cells that express a broad spectrum of the virus-encoded genes (type III latency; EBV+/III), EBV-positive cells that express only a subset of the EBV-encoded genes (EBV+/I), and EBV-negative, germinal center–derived cells (EBV−)] universally displayed activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. However, only the EBV+/III transformed B cells displayed also activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway that is considered to be the key activator of mTOR and of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK pathway that coactivates one of the immediate targets of mTOR, p70 S6K1. Activation of the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK, but not of the mTOR pathway, was inhibited by serum withdrawal and restored by insulin growth factor-I. In contrast, activation of mTOR, but not PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK, was sensitive to nutrient depletion. Both direct Akt (Akt inhibitors I-III) and a PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin at 1 nmol/L) suppressed Akt phosphorylation without significantly affecting mTOR activation. Furthermore, rapamycin, a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor, suppressed profoundly proliferation of cells from all three types of transformed B cells. U0126, a MEK inhibitor, had a moderate antiproliferative effect only on the EBV+/III cells. These results indicate that mTOR kinase activation is mediated in the transformed B cells by the mechanism(s) independent of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. They also suggest that inhibition of mTOR signaling might be effective in therapy of the large spectrum of B-cell lymphomas.
Penicillium marneffei infection and impaired IFN-γ immunity in humans with autosomal-dominant gain-of-phosphorylation STAT1 mutations
Authors: Pamela P.W. Lee, Huawei Mao, Wanling Yang, Koon-Wing Chan, Marco H.K. Ho, Tsz-Leung Lee, Jasper F.W. Chan, Patrick C.Y. Woo, Wenwei Tu, Yu-Lung Lau
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Uterine junctional zone contractions during assisted reproduction cycles. VIDEO
Authors: P Lesny
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

This study was designed to assess junctional zone contractions (JZ) during cycles of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer in oocyte donors exposed to a long protocol regime for ovarian stimulation. Real-time transvaginal ultrasound and advanced audio-visual and computer technology were used to evaluate the contraction pattern, frequency and velocity. At the time of down-regulation JZ contractions were not observed. After 7 days of superovulation all patients displayed cervico-fundal, fundo-cervical and random contractions. Cervico-fundal waves dominated the picture at the time of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection. However, the activity was strongest on the day of oocyte retrieval. At the time the percentage of opposing waves increased and fundo-cervical waves disappeared. The highest wave frequency and velocity (4.29±0.68 waves/min and 2.73±0.54 mm/s respectively) were observed at the time of oocyte retrieval. All patients had some JZ activity on days 2, 3, and 4 after oocyte retrieval but regular wave-like contractility gradually decreased and only single random movements were seen on day 4 after oocyte retrieval. In conclusion, JZ activity throughout the IVF cycle is more exaggerated when compared to the results reported from observations of the natural cycle but follows a similar pattern. This fact can probably be explained by the vastly different hormone levels. Higher JZ activity and correspondingly increased mobility of the endometrium may impair its receptivity and affect implantation.
Antipsoriatic therapy and skin cancer
Authors: D.VELLA BRIFFA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Antipsoriatic therapy and skin cancer Get access D.VELLA BRIFFA D.VELLA BRIFFA Institute of Dermatology, Homerton Grove, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Page 70, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01013.x Published: 01 August 1981
Meta-analysis of Oncogenic Protein Kinase Cι Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Eda Erdogan, Eric W. Klee, E. Aubrey Thompson, Alan P. Fields
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Atypical protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota) is an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we identify four functional gene targets of PKCiota in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), the most prominent form of NSCLC.Three independent public domain gene expression data sets were interrogated to identify genes coordinately expressed with PKCiota in primary LAC tumors. Results were validated by QPCR in an independent set of primary LAC tumors. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PKCiota and the target genes was used to determine whether expression of the identified genes was regulated by PKCiota, and whether these target genes play a role in anchorage-independent growth and invasion of LAC cells.Meta-analysis identified seven genes whose expression correlated with PKCiota in primary LAC. Subsequent QPCR analysis confirmed coordinate overexpression of four genes (COPB2, ELF3, RFC4, and PLS1) in an independent set of LAC samples. RNAi-mediated knockdown showed that PKCiota regulates expression of all four genes in LAC cells, and that the four PKCiota target genes play an important role in the anchorage-independent growth and invasion of LAC cells. Meta-analysis of gene expression data sets from lung squamous cell, breast, colon, prostate, and pancreas carcinomas, as well as glioblastoma, revealed that a subset of PKCiota target genes, particularly COPB2 and RFC4, correlate with PKCiota expression in many tumor types.Meta-analysis of public gene expression data are useful in identifying novel gene targets of oncogenic PKCiota signaling. Our data indicate that both common and cell type-specific signaling mechanisms contribute to PKCiota-dependent transformation.
Immune Reactivity of RBL-3, a Nonproducer Leukemia Induced by Rauscher Murine Leukemia Virus in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Kenneth S. S. Chang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

A cultured line of RBL-3 leukemia, induced by Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) in C57BL/6 mice, was found to be a virus nonproducer. An NB tropic virus indistinguishable from R-MuLV, however, was recovered after treatment with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (optimal concentration, 200 microgram/ml). Dexamethasone treatment slightly boosted the production of the activated virus but did not by itself activate the virus. RBL-3 cells were found to have Fc receptors but no surface immunoglobulin or Thy 1.2 antigen. RBL-3 cells exhibited the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher virus-specific transplantation antigen as shown by its immunosensitivity and immunogenicity in tumor rejection experiments. Crude membrane and crude soluble antigen preparations obtained from RBL-3 cell membranes retained the capacity to induce tumor rejection.
Tackling the hepatitis C cost problem: A test case for tomorrow's cures
Authors: Rachel E. Simon, Steven D. Pearson, Chin Hur, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Simon, Rachel E. Sc.B.; Pearson, Steven D. M.D., M.Sc.; Hur, Chin M.D., M.P.H.; Chung, Raymond T. M.D. Author Information
Randomized Evaluation of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Stent in Saphenous Vein Grafts
Authors: Goran Stankovic, Antonio Colombo, Patrizia Presbitero, Frank van den Branden, Luigi Inglese, Carmelo Cernigliaro, Luigi Niccoli, Antonio L. Bartorelli, Paolo Rubartelli, Nicholaus Reifart, Guy R. Heyndrickx, Kari Saunamäki, Marie Claude Morice, Fabio A. Sgura, Carlo Di Mario
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Treatment of lesions located in saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) is associated with increased procedural risk and a high rate of restenosis. Methods and Results— We conducted a randomized, multicenter trial to evaluate the usefulness of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stent compared with a bare stainless steel (SS) stent for prevention of restenosis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients undergoing SVG treatment. The primary end point was angiographic restenosis at 6 months. Secondary end points were 30-day and 6-month MACE rates, defined as the cumulative of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization. Between September 1999 and January 2002, 301 patients with SVG lesions were randomized to either the PTFE-covered JoStent coronary stent graft (PTFE group, n=156) or the SS JoFlex stent (control group, n=145). Angiographic and procedural success rates were similar between the 2 groups (97.4% versus 97.9% and 87.3% versus 93.8%, respectively). The incidence of 30-day MACE was higher in the PTFE group (10.9% versus 4.1%, P =0.047) and was mainly attributed to MI (10.3% versus 3.4%, P =0.037). The primary end point, the restenosis rate at 6-month follow-up, was similar between the 2 groups (24.2% versus 24.8%, P =0.237). Although the 6-month non–Q-wave MI rate was higher in the PTFE group (12.8% versus 4.1%, P =0.013), the cumulative MACE rate was not different (23.1% versus 15.9%, P =0.153). Conclusions— The study did not demonstrate a difference in restenosis rate and 6-month clinical outcome between the PTFE-covered stent and the SS stent for treatment of SVG lesions. However, a higher incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarctions was found in patients treated with the PTFE-covered stent.
92-kD gelatinase is produced by eosinophils at the site of blister formation in bullous pemphigoid and cleaves the extracellular domain of recombinant 180-kD bullous pemphigoid autoantigen.
Authors: M Ståhle-Bäckdahl, M Inoue, G J Guidice, W C Parks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Eosinophils are prominent in bullous pemphigoid (BP), and proteases secreted from these and other inflammatory cells may induce disruption of the basement membrane. We used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to localize the sites of 92-kD gelatinase expression in BP lesions. In all samples (20/20), a strong signal for gelatinase mRNA was detected only in eosinophils and was most pronounced where these cells accumulated at the floor of forming blisters. No other cells were positive for enzyme mRNA. Both eosinophils and neutrophils, however, contained immunoreactive 92-kD gelatinase indicating that active expression occurred only in eosinophils. Degranulated eosinophils were also seen near blisters, and as demonstrated by gelatin zymography, immunoblotting, and ELISA, 92-kD gelatinase protein was prominent in BP blister fluid. No other gelatinolytic activity was specifically detected in BP fluid, and only small amounts of 92-kD gelatinase were present in suction blister fluids. As demonstrated in vitro, 92-kD gelatinase cleaved the extracellular, collagenous domain of recombinant 180-kD BP autoantigen (BP180, BPAG2, HD4, type XVII collagen), a transmembrane molecule of the epidermal hemidesmosome. Our results suggest that production and release 92-kD gelatinase by eosinophils contributes significantly to tissue damage in BP.
Comparative methylome analysis identifies new tumour subtypes and biomarkers for transformation of nephrogenic rests into Wilms tumour
Authors: Jocelyn Charlton, Richard D Williams, Neil J Sebire, Sergey Popov, Gordan Vujanic, Tasnim Chagtai, Marisa Alcaide-German, Tiffany Morris, Lee M Butcher, Paul Guilhamon, Stephan Beck, Kathy Pritchard-Jones
Journal: Genome Medicine (2015)
FGFR1–WNT–TGF-β Signaling in Prostate Cancer Mouse Models Recapitulates Human Reactive Stroma
Authors: Julienne L. Carstens, Payam Shahi, Susan Van Tsang, Billie Smith, Chad J. Creighton, Yiqun Zhang, Amber Seamans, Mamatha Seethammagari, Indira Vedula, Jonathan M. Levitt, Michael M. Ittmann, David R. Rowley, David M. Spencer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The reactive stroma surrounding tumor lesions performs critical roles ranging from supporting tumor cell proliferation to inducing tumorigenesis and metastasis. Therefore, it is critical to understand the cellular components and signaling control mechanisms that underlie the etiology of reactive stroma. Previous studies have individually implicated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer progression and the initiation and maintenance of a reactive stroma; however, both pathways are frequently found to be coactivated in cancer tissue. Using autochthonous transgenic mouse models for inducible FGFR1 (JOCK1) and prostate-specific and ubiquitously expressed inducible β-catenin (Pro-Cat and Ubi-Cat, respectively) and bigenic crosses between these lines (Pro-Cat × JOCK1 and Ubi-Cat × JOCK1), we describe WNT-induced synergistic acceleration of FGFR1-driven adenocarcinoma, associated with a pronounced fibroblastic reactive stroma activation surrounding prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) lesions found both in in situ and reconstitution assays. Both mouse and human reactive stroma exhibited increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling adjacent to pathologic lesions likely contributing to invasion. Furthermore, elevated stromal TGF-β signaling was associated with higher Gleason scores in archived human biopsies, mirroring murine patterns. Our findings establish the importance of the FGFR1–WNT–TGF-β signaling axes as driving forces behind reactive stroma in aggressive prostate adenocarcinomas, deepening their relevance as therapeutic targets. Cancer Res; 74(2); 609–20. ©2013 AACR.
Detection of Breast Cancer in Nipple Aspirate Fluid by CpG Island Hypermethylation
Authors: Rachel Krassenstein, Edward Sauter, Essel Dulaimi, Cristina Battagli, Hormoz Ehya, Andres Klein-Szanto, Paul Cairns
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

New approaches to the early detection of breast cancer are urgently needed as there is more benefit to be realized from screening. Nipple aspiration is a noninvasive technique that yields fluid known to contain breast epithelial cells. Silencing of tumor suppressor genes such as p16(INk4a), BRCA1, and hMLH1 have established hypermethylation as a common mechanism for tumor suppressor inactivation in human cancer and as a promising target for molecular detection.Using sensitive methylation-specific PCR, we searched for aberrant promoter hypermethylation in a panel of six normally unmethylated genes: glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1); retinoic acid receptor-beta2 (RARbeta2); p16(INk4a); p14(ARF); RAS association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A); and death-associated protein kinase (DAP-kinase) in 22 matched specimens of tumor, normal tissue, and nipple aspirate fluid collected from breast cancer patients.Hypermethylation of one or more genes was found in all 22 tumor DNAs (100% diagnostic coverage) and identical gene hypermethylation detected in 18 of 22 (82%) matched aspirate fluid DNAs. In contrast, hypermethylation was absent in benign and normal breast tissue and nipple aspirate DNA from healthy women.Promoter hypermethylation of important cancer genes is common in breast cancer and could be detected in matched aspirate DNAs from patients with ductal carcinoma in situ or stage I cancer. Promoter hypermethylation represents a promising marker, and larger studies may lead to its useful application in breast cancer diagnosis and management.
Analysis of the Agreement Between the World Health Organization Criteria and the National Cholesterol Education Program-III Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Rosalba Rojas, Francisco J. Gómez-Pérez, Victoria Valles, Juan Manuel Ríos-Torres, Aurora Franco, Gustavo Olaiz, Juan A. Rull, Jaime Sepulveda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic proficiency of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-III definitions (1,2) for the metabolic syndrome in a Mexican nationwide, population-based survey. Details of the sampling procedures have been previously described (3). The population was composed of 2,158 men and women aged 20–69 years sampled after a 9- to 12-h fasting period. For the WHO criteria, insulin resistance was diagnosed if a nondiabetic …
Inferring the functions of longevity genes with modular subnetwork biomarkers of Caenorhabditis elegans aging
Authors: Kristen Fortney, Max Kotlyar, Igor Jurisica
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

A central goal of biogerontology is to identify robust gene-expression biomarkers of aging. Here we develop a method where the biomarkers are networks of genes selected based on age-dependent activity and a graph-theoretic property called modularity. Tested on Caenorhabditis elegans, our algorithm yields better biomarkers than previous methods - they are more conserved across studies and better predictors of age. We apply these modular biomarkers to assign novel aging-related functions to poorly characterized longevity genes.