tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Application of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) data to estimate cost-effectiveness of hernia surgery in England
Authors: Sophie Coronini-Cronberg, John Appleby, James Thompson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Objectives To demonstrate potential uses of nationally collected patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) data to estimate cost-effectiveness of hernia surgery. Design Cost-utility model populated with national PROMs, National Reference Cost and Hospital Episodes Statistics data. Setting Hospitals in England that provided elective inguinal hernia repair surgery for NHS patients between 1 April 2009 and 31 March 2010. Participants Patients &gt;18 years undergoing NHS-funded elective hernia surgery in English hospitals who completed PROMs questionnaires. Main outcome measures Change in quality-adjusted life year (QALY) following surgery; cost per QALY of surgery by acute provider hospital; health gain and cost per QALY by surgery type received (laparoscopic or open hernia repair). Results The casemix-adjusted, discounted (at 3.5%) and degraded (over 25 years) mean change in QALYs following elective hernia repair surgery is 0.826 (95% CI, 0.793–0.859) compared to a counterfactual of no treatment. Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery show a significantly greater gain in health-related quality of life (EQ-5D index change, 0.0915; 95% CI, 0.0850–0.0979) with an estimated gain of 0.923 QALYS (95% CI, 0.859–0.988) compared to those having open repair (EQ-5D index change, 0.0806; 95% CI, 0.0771–0.0841) at 0.817 QALYS (95% CI, 0.782–0.852). The average cost of hernia surgery in England is £1554, representing a mean cost per QALY of £1881. The mean cost of laparoscopic and open hernia surgery is equivocal (£1421 vs. £1426 respectively) but laparoscopies appear to offer higher cost-utility at £1540 per QALY, compared to £1746 per QALY for open surgery. Conclusions Routine PROMs data derived from NHS patients could be usefully analyzed to estimate health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of interventions to inform decision-making. This analysis suggests elective hernia surgery offers value-for-money, and laparoscopic repair is more clinically effective and generates higher cost-utility than open surgery.
THE ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROTEUS X-19 AND TYPHUS RICKETTSIAE
Authors: M. Ruiz Castaneda, Samuel Zia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. The absorption of typhus sera (human or antityphus horse serum) with Proteus X-19 removes only the Proteus agglutinins, leaving the Rickettsia agglutinins intact. 2. The absorption of typhus sera with Mexican Rickettsiae removes the agglutinins for both the Rickettsia and Proteus X-19. 3. While normal or formalinized Rickettsiae are not agglutinated by anti-Proteus serum, these organisms-when formalinized and heated at 75 degrees C.-become agglutinable by such serum. 4. The absorption of anti-Proteus serum with Mexican Rickettsiae removes agglutinins for formalinized and heated Rickettsiae but does not affect those for Proteus X-19.
LBH589 Inhibits proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibition of gankyrin/stat3/akt pathway
Authors: Xuan Song, Jiabei Wang, Tongsen Zheng, Ruipeng Song, Yingjian Liang, Nishant Bhatta, Dalong Yin, Shangha Pan, Jiaren Liu, Hongchi Jiang, Lianxin Liu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Gankyrin has shown to be overexpressed in human liver cancers and plays a complex role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Panobinostat (LBH589), a new hydroxamic acid-derived histone deacetylase inhibitor has shown promising anticancer effects recently. Here, we investigated the potential of LBH589 as a form of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Gankyrin plasmid was transfected into HCC cells, and the cells were selected for more than 4 weeks by incubation with G418 for overexpression clones. The therapeutic effects of LBH589 were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasive potential, and epithelial-mesenchy-mal transition (EMT) were examined.LBH589 significantly inhibited HCC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting analysis indicated that LBH589 could decrease the expression of gankyrin and subsequently reduced serine-phosphorylated Akt and tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 expression although the total Akt and STAT3 were unaffected. LBH589 inhibited metastasis in vitro via down-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, TWIST1, VEGF and up-regulation of E-cadherin. LBH589 also induced apoptosis and G1 phase arrest in HCC cell lines. Ectopic expression of gankyrin attenuated the effects of LBH589, which indicates that gankyrin might play an important role in LBH589 mediated anticancer effects. Lastly, in vivo study indicated that LBH589 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, without discernable adverse effects comparing to control group, with abrogating gankyrin/STAT3/Akt pathway.Our results suggested that LBH589 could inhibit HCC growth and metastasis through down-regulating gankyrin/STAT3/Akt pathway. LBH589 may present itself as a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women compared with children for tracking malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anna M van Eijk, Jenny Hill, Abdisalan M Noor, Robert W Snow, Feiko O ter Kuile
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

In malarious areas, pregnant women are more likely to have detectable malaria than are their non-pregnant peers, and the excess risk of infection varies with gravidity. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinic for their first visit are a potential pragmatic sentinel group to track the intensity of malaria transmission; however, the relation between malaria prevalence in children, a standard measure to estimate malaria endemicity, and pregnant women has never been compared.We obtained data on malaria prevalence in pregnancy from the Malaria in Pregnancy Library (January, 2015) and data for children (0-59 months) were obtained from recently published work on parasite prevalence in Africa and the Malaria in Pregnancy Library. We used random effects meta-analysis to obtain a pooled prevalence ratio (PPR) of malaria in children versus pregnant women (during pregnancy, not at delivery) and by gravidity, and we used meta-regression to assess factors affecting the prevalence ratio.We used data from 18 sources that included 57 data points. There was a strong linear relation between the prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women and children (r=0·87, p<0·0001). Prevalence was higher in children when compared with all gravidae (PPR=1·44, 95% CI 1·29-1·62; I(2)=80%, 57 studies), and against multigravidae (1·94, 1·68-2·24; I(2)=80%, 7 studies), and marginally higher against primigravidae (1·16, 1·05-1·29; I(2)=48%, 8 studies). PPR was higher in areas of higher transmission.Malaria prevalence in pregnant women is strongly correlated with prevalence data in children obtained from household surveys, and could provide a pragmatic adjunct to survey strategies to track trends in malaria transmission in Africa.The Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium, which is funded through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and Wellcome Trust, UK.
Human LATS1 Is a Mitotic Exit Network Kinase
Authors: John Bothos, Robyn L. Tuttle, Michelle Ottey, Francis C. Luca, Thanos D. Halazonetis
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The kinase LATS/WARTS is a tumor suppressor protein conserved in evolution, but its function at the molecular level is not well understood. We report here that human LATS1 interacts with MOB1A, a protein whose homologue in budding yeast associates with kinases involved in mitotic exit. This suggested that LATS1 may be a component of the previously uncharacterized mitotic exit network in higher eukaryotes. Indeed, moderate overexpression of human LATS1 in cells exposed to microtubule poisons facilitated mitotic exit, and this activity required MOB1A. Reciprocally, small interfering RNA–mediated suppression of LATS1 or MOB1A prolonged telophase, but had no effect on the length of the earlier phases of mitosis. A role of LATS1 in mitotic exit may explain its previously described abilities to induce G2 arrest and promote cytokinesis.
Effect of cholera toxin on ileal water and solute transport after resection of the proximal small intestine in the rat.
Authors: W F Townsend, L G Walter, J L Kinzie, H V Ammon
Journal: Gut (1981)

Intestinal adaptation after extensive small bowel resection results in mucosal hypertrophy and an increased capacity of the remaining small intestine to absorb solutes and water. We tested the ability of the adapted rat ileum to respond to a secretory stimulus, cholera toxin. Six weeks after 50% jejunal resection (short gut) or sham operation water and solute transport were measured in a 16 cm segment of ileum before and after exposure to cholera toxin in a single pass in vivo perfusion system. During the control periods absorption of glucose, acetate and water per unit length of intestine was significantly greater in short gut animals (P less than 0.05 to 0.001). After exposure to cholera toxin absorption of glucose and acetate was significantly reduced in both groups (P less than 0.05 to 0.01). Sodium and chloride secretion and net change in water movement in response to cholera toxin were significantly greater (P less than 0.05 to 0.01) in short gut animals. Generally the differences between short gut and sham operation animals disappeared when the data were normalised for mucosal weight. Chloride secretion per gram mucosa was less in short gut animals (P less than 0.001). The data indicate that the adapted small bowel is not only capable of enhanced absorption but also of enhanced net secretion in response to cholera toxin. The changes reflect the increased number of enterocytes per unit length of intestine after intestinal adaptation.
ERS publications: the flagship and the fleet
Authors: Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Vito Brusasco, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha, Elin Reeves, Marc Humbert, Tobias Welte, Leif Bjermer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Readers of scientific and medical journals will be familiar with the annual editorial from the chief editor(s) or editorial team, highlighting the aims for the year, interesting upcoming review series, statistics on submissions and impact factors, positioning alongside the competition (and what makes that journal better!), and new features and developments [1–4]. So, in keeping with tradition, the European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ) brings you its yearly offering with everything that you would expect… but with a couple of twists. The first twist is that we are bringing this to you later than usual, more than mid-way through the year to coincide with the European Respiratory Society (ERS)'s congress in Vienna, Austria, from September 1 to 5, 2012. This gives us an opportunity to reflect on what has happened this year and check that the editorial aims that were set at the start of the year are being met. The second twist is that we will be introducing to you (or reminding you about, for those already familiar with the Society) the other publications in the ERS portfolio. The publications are central to the aims of the ERS, being one of the society's “pillars”, in that they are a forum for sharing and disseminating knowledge, and ultimately alleviating suffering from respiratory disease and promoting lung health. If the ERJ is considered as the official scientific journal of the ERS – one might say a flagship – then what of the rest of the fleet?

Looking first at the ERJ , we are pleased to be able to announce the 2011 impact factor is 5.895, which means that the journal has regained the bronze medal position of third in the respiratory systems journals list.

The ERJ attracts increasingly high-quality science and this reputation manifests itself in the number …
Hepatitis B reactivation in a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carrier with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and low dose methotrexate
Authors: P Ostuni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Infliximab, a humanised, mouse derived, genetically engineered, monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), is successfully used in association with low dose methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1 Serious infections have been reported to be associated with infliximab treatment.1,2 However, the safety of infliximab is unknown or has not been yet established in chronic viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infections. We describe a case, from our cohort of 102 patients treated with infliximab plus methotrexate, who carried hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and subsequently developed acute hepatitis due to HBV reactivation after 16 months of treatment with infliximab.

A 49 year old man was diagnosed as having RA in January 1990. HBsAg, and HBe and HBc antibodies were positive, while HBe antigen and HBs …
Identification of a human neutrophil angiotension II-generating protease as cathepsin G.
Authors: M G Tonnesen, M S Klempner, K F Austen, B U Wintroub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

A human neutrophil protease, initially termed neutral peptide-generating protease, has been shown to cleave angiotensin II directly from angiotensinogen and has been identified as leukocyte cathepsin G. When purified neutrophils were disrupted by nitrogen cavitation and fractionated by differential centrifugation, 44 and 24% of the angiotensin II-generating activity was in the lysosomal and undisrupted cell fractions, respectively. Cytochalasin B-treated human neutrophils stimulated with N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine released beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, and angiotensin II-generating protease in a dose-dependent fashion, consistent with localization of this protease to the neutrophil granule. Individually purified angiotensin II-generating protease and cathepsin G had similar proteolytic and esterolytic activity for angiotensinogen and N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester on a weight basis, exhibited identical mobilities by SDS-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and pH 4.3 disc-gel electrophoresis, and gave precipitin lines of antigenic identity on Ouchterlony analysis with goat antibody to the angiotensin II-generating protease. Thus, the angiotensin II-generating protease of human neutrophils has been identified as cathepsin G on the basis of subcellular localization, substrate specificity, physicochemical characteristics, and antigenic identity.
Impact of lung volume reduction surgery<i>versus</i>rehabilitation on quality of life
Authors: T.C. Mineo, V. Ambrogi, E. Pompeo, S. Elia, D. Mineo, P. Bollero, I. Nofroni
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

This study aims at evaluating the effects of lung volume reduction versus respiratory rehabilitation on quality of life, assessed by three different questionnaires. Sixty emphysematous patients were randomised by computer to receive either surgery (n=30) or rehabilitation (n=30). Life quality was evaluated by the Nottingham Health Profile, the Short Form (SF)‐36 item and the St George's questionnaires. As reported previously, dyspnoea index, forced expiratory volume in one second, residual volume, 6‐min walk test and arterial oxygen tension improved after surgery more than after rehabilitation. Quality of life was significantly improved after surgery as follows Nottingham Health Profile physical mobility; SF‐36 physical and social functioning, mental and general health, emotional role; St George's general, activity. At multivariate analysis 6‐ and 12‐month changes after surgery of Short Form‐36 physical functioning, general health, and St George's activity domains were significantly correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second, while Short Form‐36 social functioning and Nottingham Health Profile isolation correlated with residual volume. Functional and especially symptomatic improvements persisted: dyspnoea index, residual volume, and Short Form‐36 and St Georges's physical scores were still significant at 4 yrs. Surgery produces greater and longer effects than rehabilitation on quality of life by improving both physical and psychosocial domains. Symptomatic improvements persisted at 4 yrs.
Enteral nutrition as primary therapy in Crohn's disease.
Authors: F Fernandez-Banares, E Cabre, F Gonzalez-Huix, M A Gassull
Journal: Gut (1994)

The developments in enteral feeding for Crohn9s disease in the past decade are critically reviewed. The advent of amino acid based chemically defined elemental diets signalled the end of 9total bowel rest9 in the management of these patients. Subsequently, controlled clinical trials showed that elemental diets were as effective as corticosteroids in inducing clinical remission in patients with acute exacerbations of Crohn9s disease. The later use of peptide based elemental diets, in Crohn9s disease produced somewhat conflicting results. The initial uncontrolled studies suggest that polymeric whole protein diets might also be effective in the management of acute exacerbations of the disease, casting in turn doubts concerning the role of dietary antigens in the pathogenesis of Crohn9s disease. Results of controlled studies comparing the use of elemental and polymeric diets as primary therapy in Crohn9s disease have, however, also produced conflicting results. The results of one recent controlled trial in which the use of polymeric diet was compared with that of corticosteroids does, however, suggest that these diets may have a primary therapeutic effect in Crohn9s disease. An analysis of the composition of some of the enteral diets used in different trials suggest that the effectiveness of enteral diets in treating active Crohn9s disease might relate more to their fat than nitrogen composition. A hypothesis is proposed that the effectiveness of enteral nutrition in the primary therapy of acute exacerbations of Crohn9s disease occurs because the successful diets used contain insufficient precursors for arachidonate derived eicosanoid synthesis.
The role of estrogen receptor subtypes in ameliorating hepatic injury following trauma-hemorrhage
Authors: Tomoharu Shimizu, Huang-Ping Yu, Takao Suzuki, László Szalay, Ya-Ching Hsieh, Mashkoor A. Choudhry, Kirby I. Bland, Irshad H. Chaudry
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Luxia Zhang, Fang Wang, Li Wang, Wenke Wang, Bicheng Liu, Jian Liu, Menghua Chen, Qiang He, Yunhua Liao, Xueqing Yu, Nan Chen, Jian-e Zhang, Zhao Hu, Fuyou Liu, Daqing Hong, Lijie Ma, Hong Liu, Xiaoling Zhou, Jianghua Chen, Ling Pan, Wei Chen, Weiming Wang, Xiaomei Li, Haiyan Wang
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Gray Matter Volume as an Intermediate Phenotype for Psychosis: Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP)
Authors: Elena I. Ivleva, Anup S. Bidesi, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Shashwath A. Meda, Darko Dodig, Amanda F. Moates, Hanzhang Lu, Alan N. Francis, Neeraj Tandon, David J. Schretlen, John A. Sweeney, Brett A. Clementz, Carol A. Tamminga
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

The study examined gray matter volume across psychosis diagnoses organized by dimensional and DSM-IV categories from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) sample.In total, 351 probands with psychosis (146 with schizophrenia, 90 with schizoaffective disorder, and 115 with psychotic bipolar I disorder), 369 of their first-degree relatives (134 were relatives of individuals with schizophrenia, 106 of individuals with schizoaffective disorder, and 129 of individuals with psychotic bipolar I disorder), and 200 healthy comparison subjects were assessed. Gray matter volumes from 3-T T1-weighted images were analyzed using the VBM8 toolbox for SPM8, and outcomes were determined at a false discovery rate-corrected threshold of p<0.005.Across the psychosis dimension, probands (N=351) and relatives with psychosis spectrum disorders (N=34) showed substantial overlapping gray matter reductions throughout the neocortex, whereas relatives without psychosis spectrum (N=332) had normal gray matter volumes relative to comparison subjects. Across DSM-IV diagnoses, schizophrenia and schizoaffective probands showed overlapping gray matter reductions in numerous cortical and subcortical regions, whereas psychotic bipolar probands showed limited gray matter reductions localized to the frontotemporal cortex relative to comparison subjects. All relative groups had gray matter volumes that did not differ from comparison subjects.Across the dimensional psychosis categories, these findings indicate extensive neocortical gray matter reductions in psychosis probands and relatives with psychosis spectrum disorders, possibly reflecting lifetime psychosis burden, but normal gray matter in nonpsychotic relatives. Traditional DSM-IV psychosis grouping revealed partially divergent gray matter phenotypes for probands with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (extensive neocortical or subcortical gray matter reductions) relative to those with psychotic bipolar disorder (smaller reductions were limited to frontotemporal regions). The dimensional conceptualization of psychosis appears useful in defining more homogenous disease categories that may help identify underlying psychosis biomarkers and develop a biologically driven diagnostic system and targeted treatments.
Diagnostic value of interleukin-12 p40 in tuberculous pleural effusions
Authors: L. Valdés, E. San José, J. M. Álvarez Dobaño, A. Golpe, J. M. Valle, P. Penela, F. J. González Barcala
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE) is frequently problematic. Several markers of TBPE in pleural fluid have been evaluated, with different results. Pleural effusions from 96 patients were classified on the basis of definitive diagnosis as tuberculous (n = 39), neoplastic (n = 42) or parapneumonic (n = 15). Adenosine deaminase (ADA), ADA isoform ADA-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, CD3 + /DR + T-lymphocytes and interleukin (IL)-12 p40 were determined in all 96 effusions. The efficiency of IL-12 p40 for diagnosis of TBPEs was evaluated, in comparison with those of the other parameters, by comparing the areas under their receiver operating characteristics. With the threshold value of 550 pg·mL −1 , IL-12 p40 had a sensitivity of 92.3% (36 out of 39) and specificity of 70.2% (17 false positives). The misclassification rate of IL-12 p40 was significantly greater than those of ADA-2 and ADA. Among TBPEs, ADA correlated significantly with ADA-2, and IFN-γ with ADA and IL-12 p40. Although tuberculous pleural effusions show values of interleukin-12 p40 that are significantly higher than neoplastic and parapneumonic fluids, this parameter is less efficient than adenosine deaminase, adenosine deaminase isoform 2 and interferon-γ. Its routine determination is, accordingly, not justified.
The Association Between Mood States and Physical Activity in Postmenopausal Obese, Sedentary Women
Authors: Robert Albert Carels, Bonnie Berger, Lynn Darby
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1994)

Mood states influence evaluative judgments that can affect the decision to exercise or to continue to exercise. This study examined how mood associated with graded exercise testing (GXT) in sedentary, obese, postmenopausal women (N = 25) was associated with physical activity and predicted VO2max during and after a behavioral weight-loss program (BWLP). Measures of physical activity included planned exercise, calories from physical activity, leisure-time physical activity, and predicted VO2max. Mood before and after pre-BWLP GXT was assessed using the Profile of Mood States. Mood before and after the GXT was more strongly associated with planned exercise than other forms of physical activity, and this effect became stronger over time. Mood enhancement in response to exercise was not related to physical activity. Mood before and after exercise might yield important clinical information that can be used to promote physical activity in sedentary adults.