tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF PAUSES BETWEEN REPETITIONS IN THE CAPACITY TO SUSTAIN MAXIMAL MAGNITUDES OF PEAK VELOCITY DURING BENCH PRESS
Authors: Teresa Valverde-Esteve, Manuel García-Manso Juan, Ana Pablos-Monzó, Carlos Pablos-Abella, Manuel Martín-González Juan, David Rodríguez-Ruiz
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background An important number of sport modalities sustain its performance in the capacity to repeat efficiently a sport movement without fatigue. However, it is a fact that this mechanism will appear and affect the athletes' velocity magnitudes. The aim of this study was to compare the Peak Velocity (PV) in two protocols: Traditional Training (TT) vs. 20 s inter-repetition rest (IRR) with the Optimal Load (OL) for the maximal Power output (OL: 50.7±8.0% of 1-RM). Methods Fifteen male, physical education students, participated in this study (age: 23.1±1.6 years; height: 177.1±7.7 cm; mass: 76.2±9.2 kg; 1-RM: 93.8±14.3 kg; 1-RM/mass: 1.24±0.21). After the validation of the bench press 1-RM and determination of OL, all participants performed two sets of work: TT (1 set×continuous repetitions to failure) and IRR (1 set×15 repetitions with 20 s rest between repetitions). Results In the TT, VP decreased significantly from the third repetition (3.7±1.2 repetition) with loses of 17.8% (p≤0.014; ES: -0.53; IC: 0.046–0.243) (1st repetition: 0.75±0.18 m•s-1; 3rd repetition: 0.62±0.14 m•s-1). In IRR, VP magnitudes did not decrease significantly along the 15 repetitions (1st repetition: 0.67±0.23 m•s-1; 15th repetition: 0.64±0.12 m•s-1). Also, among our sample participants, there were no correlations found between VP and strength levels. Conclusions: While in TT fatigue is manifested in significant velocity loses, in IRR the movement mechanical efficiency and the mechanical parameters remain stable along the fifteen assessed repetitions. Consequently, we can conclude that the addition of inter-repetition rests (20 s) allows the performance of a higher number of movements without significant alterations or presence of fatigue along the set.
Formic Acid and the Inhalation of Formalin as a Preparation for and Aid to the Open-Air Treatment of Phthisis
Authors: J. L. Green
Journal: BMJ (1900)

MTEABi'39 former theory.Perhaps had I not given so much air, which prolonged the induction of antesthesia, the spasm might not have happened.Regarding the difficulty of getting the finger down the throat and into the larynx, I have tried the experiment on several cadavera, and have found that in children it is easy to pass my forefinger, which is rather short, past the epiglottis, and push its tip into the larynx.In a woman of ordinary type, by well depressing the lower jaw, and by pushing up the larynx from outside, as in putting on the finger of a glove, I can well get down to the glottis.In the ordinary man or big woman I cannot with the finger by any means touch the vocal cords.They are beyond reach.Hence, in cases of laryngeal closure occurring in full-sized adults, when the finger cannot reach the larynx, tracheotomy would be necessary.
Avosentan Reduces Albumin Excretion in Diabetics with Macroalbuminuria
Authors: Rene[Combining Acute Accent] R. Wenzel, Thomas Littke, Susan Kuranoff, Christiane Ju[Combining Diaeresis]rgens, Heike Bruck, Eberhard Ritz, Thomas Philipp, Anna Mitchell
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Despite the first-line use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), there is still a large need to improve the prevention and progression of diabetic nephropathy and its associated cardiovascular events. Endothelin antagonists have shown anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiproteinuric effects in experimental studies. This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-design, dosage-range study of the effect of the endothelin-A antagonist avosentan (SPP301) on urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in patients with diabetic nephropathy. We randomly assigned 286 patients with diabetic nephropathy, macroalbuminuria (UAER 0.2 to 5.6 mg/min), and BP <180/110 mmHg to 12 wk of avosentan (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg) or placebo, in addition to standard ACEI/ARB therapy. Relative to baseline, all avosentan dosages decreased mean relative UAER (-16.3 to -29.9%) compared with placebo (35.5%). Median relative UAER decreased with all avosentan dosages (-28.7 to -44.8%) compared with placebo (12.1%). Creatinine clearance and BP were unchanged at 12 wk. The main adverse events were peripheral edema (12%), mainly with high (>/=25 mg) dosages of avosentan; significant increases in liver enzymes did not occur. Twenty-one (7.3%) patients experienced adverse events that led to withdrawal from study medication. In summary, the endothelin-A antagonist avosentan given in addition to standard ACEI/ARB treatment decreases UAER in patients with diabetic nephropathy and macroalbuminuria.
A study of potential Olympic swimmers. Part 2. Changes due to three months intensive training.
Authors: D. W. Kellett, P. L. Willan, K. M. Bagnall
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

Anthropometric and physiological measurements were recorded for a group of exceptional young swimmers undergoing an intensive training programme over 3 months. The observed changes are presented and are discussed in relation to the training undertaken, and are compared with expected changes due to normal growth. Some of the physiological parameters measured showed marked changes: average physical work capacity decreased significantly, while the physical fitness index improved. Many of the anthropometric changes were small, but a significant increase in lean body mass occurred in both boys and girls, and in both groups the average weight gain was greater than that expected. In individuals subjected to rigorous training significant changes in anthropometric and physiological parameters over and above the expected changes due to normal growth and development occur relatively quickly within a period of 3 months.
Comparison of three auto-adjusting positive pressure devices in patients with sleep apnoea
Authors: G. M. Nolan, S. Ryan, T. M. O’Connor, W. T. McNicholas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Auto-adjustable continuous positive airway pressure (APAP) devices are an emerging treatment alternative to fixed-pressure continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. They have been engineered to automatically adjust the pressure to the optimal level on a continuous basis. However, not all APAP technologies use the same algorithm. Three different APAP devices (Autoset Spirit, Breas PV 10i and RemStar Auto) were compared in a randomised crossover trial in patients already established on fixed-pressure CPAP therapy. The outcome measures were compliance, quality of life and side-effects. Twenty-seven middle-aged patients (25 male) previously diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (median (interquartile range) apnoea/hypopnoea index 48 (29–76)), established on CPAP therapy for &gt;3 yrs, were randomised to each APAP device for 4 weeks. Mean pressure and patient compliance were significantly lower on the Breas PV 10i than on the other APAP devices. The devices were similar in terms of quality of life, daytime sleepiness and upper airway side-effects, but patients evaluated them significantly differently in terms of device features, sleep quality and pressure comfort, with the Breas PV 10i being the least popular. Auto-adjustable positive airway pressure devices differ in pressure delivery and patient compliance in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients.
Polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene that confer risk of severe sepsis are associated with a lower risk of asthma
Authors: Li Gao, Audrey V. Grant, Nicholas Rafaels, Maria Stockton-Porter, Tonya Watkins, Peisong Gao, Peter Chi, Melba Muñoz, Harold Watson, Georgia Dunston, Alkis Togias, Nadia Hansel, Jonathan Sevransky, James P. Maloney, Marc Moss, Carl Shanholtz, Roy Brower, Joe G.N. Garcia, Dmitry N. Grigoryev, Christopher Cheadle, Terri H. Beaty, Rasika A. Mathias, Kathleen C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Erythropoietin protects against diabetes through direct effects on pancreatic β cells
Authors: Diana Choi, Stephanie A. Schroer, Shun Yan Lu, Linyuan Wang, Xiaohong Wu, Yunfeng Liu, Yi Zhang, Herbert Y. Gaisano, Kay-Uwe Wagner, Hong Wu, Ravi Retnakaran, Minna Woo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

A common feature among all forms of diabetes mellitus is a functional β-cell mass insufficient to maintain euglycemia; therefore, the promotion of β-cell growth and survival is a fundamental goal for diabetes prevention and treatment. Evidence has suggested that erythropoietin (EPO) exerts cytoprotective effects on nonerythroid cells. However, the influence of EPO on pancreatic β cells and diabetes has not been evaluated to date. In this study, we report that recombinant human EPO treatment can protect against diabetes development in streptozotocin-induced and db/db mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. EPO exerts antiapoptotic, proliferative, antiinflammatory, and angiogenic effects within the islets. Using β-cell–specific EPO receptor and JAK2 knockout mice, we show that these effects of EPO result from direct biological effects on β cells and that JAK2 is an essential intracellular mediator. Thus, promotion of EPO signaling in β cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes prevention and treatment.
Health situation in former communist bloc is dire, says Unicef
Authors: J. Ciment
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The UN International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) disclosed the dreadful health situation in the former Soviet Bloc. According to the report, "After the Fall: The Human Impact of Ten Years Transition," women and children in the former communist republic have suffered hard from both economic and social problems. Findings on health are particularly upsetting, especially with the re-emergence of the virtually eliminated "poverty diseases" such as diphtheria, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV infection. Cases of diphtheria in Russia and Ukraine increased to 43,000 in 1998 from 1900 in 1990. Western parts of the former Soviet Union are now suffering from the reappearance of tuberculosis (10% affecting children), syphilis (221 cases per 100,000 population), and STDs, while HIV infection rates were as high as 270,000 by the end of 1998. On the other hand, economic depression has given rise to increasing drug misuse, alcoholism, injury, and suicide among the young population. Patrick McCormick, a spokesperson of the UNICEF Research Center in Florence, which published the report, said "there is freedom now, but the children are paying high for that freedom and they are not in the position to benefit from it".
ON THE ANTIGENS OF RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES
Authors: K. Landsteiner, James van der Scheer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

1. Flocculation reactions of anti-erythrocyte sera on emulsions of alcoholic extract of blood are described. 2. The reactions are markedly species-specific. 3. Besides the homologous reactions certain others-"heterogenetic"" ones-have been observed, and in this way the existence of new examples of heterogenetic antibodies has been demonstrated. 4. Group-specific substances can be extracted from human erythrocytes with alcohol and demonstrated by flocculation with group-specific immune sera. 5. A conception of the structure of cellular antigens based upon the known facts, is presented.
Nudging Guideline-Concordant Antibiotic Prescribing
Authors: Daniella Meeker, Tara K. Knight, Mark W. Friedberg, Jeffrey A. Linder, Noah J. Goldstein, Craig R. Fox, Alan Rothfeld, Guillermo Diaz, Jason N. Doctor
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

"Nudges" that influence decision making through subtle cognitive mechanisms have been shown to be highly effective in a wide range of applications, but there have been few experiments to improve clinical practice.To investigate the use of a behavioral "nudge" based on the principle of public commitment in encouraging the judicious use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections (ARIs).Randomized clinical trial in 5 outpatient primary care clinics. A total of 954 adults had ARI visits during the study timeframe: 449 patients were treated by clinicians randomized to the posted commitment letter (335 in the baseline period, 114 in the intervention period); 505 patients were treated by clinicians randomized to standard practice control (384 baseline, 121 intervention).The intervention consisted of displaying poster-sized commitment letters in examination rooms for 12 weeks. These letters, featuring clinician photographs and signatures, stated their commitment to avoid inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for ARIs.Antibiotic prescribing rates for antibiotic-inappropriate ARI diagnoses in baseline and intervention periods, adjusted for patient age, sex, and insurance status.Baseline rates were 43.5% and 42.8% for control and poster, respectively. During the intervention period, inappropriate prescribing rates increased to 52.7% for controls but decreased to 33.7% in the posted commitment letter condition. Controlling for baseline prescribing rates, we found that the posted commitment letter resulted in a 19.7 absolute percentage reduction in inappropriate antibiotic prescribing rate relative to control (P = .02). There was no evidence of diagnostic coding shift, and rates of appropriate antibiotic prescriptions did not diminish over time.Displaying poster-sized commitment letters in examination rooms decreased inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for ARIs. The effect of this simple, low-cost intervention is comparable in magnitude to costlier, more intensive quality-improvement efforts.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01767064.
Influenza vaccination is associated with reduced severity of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: A. Tessmer, T. Welte, R. Schmidt-Ott, S. Eberle, G. Barten, N. Suttorp, T. Schaberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Pneumonia is an important cause of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality. Influenza vaccination has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality during influenza seasons. Protection from severe pneumonia may contribute to the beneficial effect of influenza vaccination. Therefore, we investigated the impact of prior influenza vaccination on disease severity and mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Analysis from an observational, multicentre cohort study initiated by the German competence network for CAP was performed. Patients were analysed separately as an influenza season and off-season cohort. Associations between vaccination status and outcome parameters were evaluated by multivariate analyses. In the season cohort (2,368 patients) CAP in vaccinated patients was significantly less severe according to most analysed parameters (CURB index ≥ 1: OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.98; procalcitonin ≥ 2.0 ng·mL(-1): OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.81; procalcitonin ≥ 0.5 ng·mL(-1): OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.99) and these patients showed a significantly better overall survival within the 6-month follow-up period (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45-0.89). Within the off-season cohort (2,632 patients) there was no significant influence of vaccination status on CAP severity or disease outcome. In conclusion, prior influenza vaccination was associated with less severe clinical course and improved overall long-term survival in patients with CAP during influenza seasons.
<i>CCR</i> 20th Anniversary Commentary: Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Niven Mehra, Zafeiris Zafeiriou, David Lorente, Leon W.M.M. Terstappen, Johann S. de Bono
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have substantial promise for multipurpose biomarker studies in prostate cancer. The IMMC-38 trial conducted by de Bono and colleagues, which was published in the October 1, 2008, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, demonstrated for the first time that CTCs are the most accurate and independent predictor of overall survival in metastatic prostate cancer. Since the publication of prospective trials demonstrating prognostic utility, CTCs have been utilized for nucleic acid analyses, for protein analyses, and in intermediate endpoint studies. CTC studies are also now facilitating the analysis of intrapatient heterogeneity. Clin Cancer Res; 21(22); 4992–5. ©2015 AACR. See related article by de Bono et al., Clin Cancer Res 2008;14(19) October 1, 2008;6302–9
Growth autonomy and tumorigenicity of interleukin 6-dependent B cells transfected with interleukin 6 cDNA.
Authors: N Tohyama, H Karasuyama, T Tada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We introduced an IL-6 cDNA expression vector into a murine B cell line, the growth of which definitely required the presence of exogenous IL-6. The transfected cells secreted substantial amounts of IL-6, to which they themselves responded by proliferating without further requirement of exogenous IL-6. The proliferation was a direct function of cell density and was inhibitable by antibodies to IL-6, indicating the autocrine nature of the growth. The IL-6 cDNA-transfected cells displayed greatly enhanced tumorigenicity when inoculated into syngeneic and nude mice. Our data suggest that an IL-6 autocrine self stimulation confers on B cells a selective growth advantage and results in the induction of progression of the malignant state of B cells.
Vasculopathy Related to Manic/Hypomanic Symptom Burden and First-Generation Antipsychotics in a Sub-Sample from the Collaborative Depression Study
Authors: Jess G. Fiedorowicz, William H. Coryell, John P. Rice, Lois L. Warren, William G. Haynes
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Mood disorders substantially increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, though the mechanisms are unclear. We assessed for a dose-dependent relationship between course of illness or treatment with vasculopathy in a well-characterized cohort. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Participants with mood disorders were recruited for the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study (CDS) and followed prospectively. A cross-sectional metabolic and vascular function evaluation was performed on a sub-sample near completion after a mean follow-up of 27 years. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A total of 35 participants from the University of Iowa (33) and Washington University (2) sites of the CDS consented to a metabolic and vascular function assessment at the Iowa site. In multivariate linear regression, controlling for age, gender, and smoking, manic/hypomanic, but not depressive, symptom burden was associated with lower flow-mediated dilation. Cumulative exposure to antipsychotics and mood stabilizers was associated with elevated augmentation pressure and mean aortic systolic blood pressure. This appeared specifically related to first-generation antipsychotic exposure and mediated by increases in brachial systolic pressure. Although second-generation antipsychotics were associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, they were not associated with vasculopathy. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; These results provide evidence that chronicity of mood symptoms contribute to vasculopathy in a dose-dependent fashion. Patients with more manic/hypomanic symptoms had poorer endothelial function. First-generation antipsychotic exposure was associated with arterial stiffness, evidenced by higher augmentation pressure, perhaps secondary to elevated blood pressure. Vascular phenotyping methods may provide a promising means of elucidating the mechanisms linking mood disorders to vascular disease.
Anaphylactic Reaction to Tetracycline in a Penicillin-Allergic Patient
Authors: Michael J. Fellner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A SERUM SICKNESS-LIKE reaction consisting of fever, periorbital edema, generalized urticaria, and painful swollen joints developed in a 44-year-old white man. The patient has a history of asthmatic wheezing with colds and his father has bronchial asthma. The reaction was attributed to penicillin since it occurred four weeks after he had received a penicillin injection for an injury. He had had penicillin in the past without ill effect. The reaction subsided readily after systemic corticosteroid and antihistamine therapy. Skin tests with penicilloyl-polylysine 5×10<sup>—5</sup>molar and potassium penicillin G 10<sup>—2</sup>M, and serum passive transfer tests in two healthy subjects with penicillin G performed on Aug 31 were positive (Table 1). Passive hemagglutination of O-negative erythrocytes which had been treated with penicillin was performed by modification of a technique previously described.<sup>1</sup>0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol in saline was incubated with sera for two hours at room temperature to inactivate
Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-challenge evaluation of reported reactions to monosodium glutamate
Authors: Raif S. Geha, Alexa Beiser, Clement Ren, Roy Patterson, Paul A. Greenberger, Leslie C. Grammer, Anne M. Ditto, Kathleen E. Harris, Martha A. Shaughnessy, Paul R. Yarnold, Jonathan Corren, Andrew Saxon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Instructing an Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Oocyte Fate: Lessons from Endogenous Oogenesis
Authors: Cory R. Nicholas, Shawn L. Chavez, Valerie L. Baker, Renee A. Reijo Pera
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Female reproductive potential is limited in the majority of species due to oocyte depletion. Because functional human oocytes are restricted in number and accessibility, a robust system to differentiate oocytes from stem cells would enable a thorough investigation of the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors affecting human oocyte development. Also, the differentiation of functional oocytes from stem cells may permit the success of human somatic cell nuclear transfer for reprogramming studies and for the production of patient-specific embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Thus, ESC-derived oocytes could ultimately help to restore fertility in women. Here, we review endogenous and ESC-derived oocyte development, and we discuss the potential and challenges for differentiating functional oocytes from ESCs.
I'll do anything
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

“I was once adored too,” says Sir Andrew Aguecheek, and with those few words the clown’s facade is ripped apart, and we see a broken man, crushingly aware of his loss and of his decay into frivolity and irrelevance.

“I was once a celebrity too,” I say, and I also feel the loss—though the experience was not always pleasant. The camera is fattening, my bald head shone like a small sweaty moon, and in the publicity photos the diaphragm of my …
Successful treatment of heart failure with devices requires collaboration
Authors: Karl Swedberg, John Cleland, Martin R. Cowie, Markku Nieminen, Silvia G. Priori, Luigi Tavazzi, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Luis Alonso‐Pulpon, John Camm, Kenneth Dickstein, Helmut Drexler, Gerasimos Filippatos, Cecilia Linde, José Lopez‐Sendon, Massimo Santini, Faiez Zannad
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)