tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of cost-effectiveness analysis in health and medicine. Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine
Authors: L. B. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To develop consensus-based recommendations guiding the conduct of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to improve the comparability and quality of studies. The recommendations apply to analyses intended to inform the allocation of health care resources across a broad range of conditions and interventions. This article, first in a 3-part series, discusses how this goal affects the conduct and use of analyses. The remaining articles will outline methodological and reporting recommendations, respectively.The Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, a nonfederal panel with expertise in CEA, clinical medicine, ethics, and health outcomes measurement, was convened by the US Public Health Service (PHS).The panel reviewed the theoretical foundations of CEA, current practices, and alternative procedures for measuring and assigning values to resource use and health outcomes.The panel met 11 times during 2 1/2 years with PHS staff and methodologists from federal agencies. Working groups brought issues and preliminary recommendations to the full panel for discussion. Draft recommendations were circulated to outside experts and the federal agencies prior to finalization.The panel's recommendations define a "reference case" cost-effectiveness analysis, a standard set of methods to serve as a point of comparison across studies. The reference case analysis is conducted from the societal perspective and accounts for benefits, harms, and costs to all parties. Although CEA does not reflect every element of importance in health care decisions, the information it provides is critical to informing decisions about the allocation of health care resources.
998. The HIV-1 LTR-hsp70 Fusion Promoter Directs HIV-1 Inducible Expression of Anti-Rev siRNA along with HIV-1 Rev Transdominant Mutant RevM10
Authors: Hoshang J. Unwalla, Ingrid Bahner, Ha-Tang Li, Ming-Jie Li, Donald Kohn, John J. Rossi, Yuliya Gokhgauzer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of deleterious transcripts of cellular or viral origin has potential applications for treatment of hereditary diseases, infections and cancer. We describe here a method to further supplement the potency of siRNA by simultaneous delivery of a gene in conjunction with an siRNA from a novel promoter cassette. This technique can be applied to deliver corrective genes and simultaneously knock out deleterious gene expression. The gene in question can be a corrected replacement gene with codon modifications to prevent the siRNA from targeting the corrective gene, in the case of hereditary diseases, or a suicide/transdominant mutant gene employed to further potentiate the anti-tumor or anti-viral effects of siRNA. As proof of principle we have expressed the HIV-1 transdominant mutant revM10 in conjunction with an anti-Rev siRNA from our HIV-1 LTR, Drosophila hsp70 fusion promoter to further potentiate the anti-HIV-1 effect of siRNA and also to offset resistant mutants that may arise from any single approach. HIV-1 inducible siRNA expression or RevM10 expression is observed only when cells are infected with pNL4-3. A potent synergistic response is observed in cells transfected with siRNA-RevM10 construct as compared with cells transfected with siRNA alone. We are in the process of monitoring whether or not the dual cassette reduces the frequency of viral mutants resistant to one or the other antiviral agent when applied alone. The potential applications of this approach in gene therapy settings will be discussed.
The Family Doctor
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

MUCH has been said about the alteration in the character of general practice since the introduction of the National Health Service, but, until the recent publication of the report of the General Practice Review Committee,1 set up by the British Medical Association in 1950, there was little authoritative information on the true conditions of practice.There seem to be two major factors that have altered the character of general practice since 1948. In the first place, the ratio of insured to fee-paying patients has been altered. Before the National Health Service it was usual for most practices to have some . . .
BIM upregulation and ROS-dependent necroptosis mediate the antitumor effects of the HDACi Givinostat and Sorafenib in Hodgkin lymphoma cell line xenografts
Authors: S L Locatelli, L Cleris, G G Stirparo, S Tartari, E Saba, M Pierdominici, W Malorni, A Carbone, A Anichini, C Carlo-Stella
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Hospital Emergency Preparedness — Lessons Learned since Northridge
Authors: Michael A. Berman, Eliot J. Lazar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The events of September 11, 2001, served to crystallize a decade-long evolution of the role of hospitals in emergency preparedness and disaster management. The article by Schultz et al. in this issue of the Journal (pages 1349–1355) emphasizes several important lessons learned since the Northridge, California, earthquake. Although health care institutions have responded to regional catastrophes for decades, hospitals have more typically responded as individual institutions to local crises. Health care institutions must now learn to function as coordinated components of a regional response to crises that are more far-reaching. With this new role comes a host of issues, including . . .
Mortality in Patients with Implanted Automatic Defibrillators
Authors: M. Mirowski, Philip R. Reid, Roger A. Winkle, Morton M. Mower, Levi Watkins, Edward B. Stinson, Lawrence S. C. Griffith, Clayton H. Kallman, Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Fifty-two patients who survived several arrhythmic cardiac arrests had implantation of an automatic defibrillator along with additional cardiovascular surgery as indicated. The mean follow-up was 14.4 months and the longest was 3 years. In the hospital, the implanted devices identified and reverted 82 episodes of spontaneous and 81 of 99 episodes of induced malignant tachyarrhythmias. There were 62 automatic resuscitations in 17 patients outside the hospital. Twelve patients died; four of the deaths were not witnessed. These deaths represent a 22.9% total and 8.5% sudden-death 1-year mortality rate. Because the expected 1-year mortality in patients without the automatic defibrillator was calculated to be 48%, there was an estimated 52% decrease in anticipated total deaths. The automatic implantable defibrillator can identify and correct potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias, leading to a substantial increase in 1-year survival in properly selected high-risk patients.
Therapist Judgment of Defense Styles and Therapeutic Technique Related to Outcome in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Depression
Authors: Mariëlle Hendriksen, Henricus L. Van, Robert A. Schoevers, Frans E.R.E.R. de Jonghe, Cecile M.T. Gijsbers van Wijk, Jaap Peen, Jack J.M. Dekker
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)
Economic Impact of Treatment of HIV-Positive Pregnant Women and Their Newborns With Zidovudine
Authors: Josephine A. Mauskopf
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To estimate the economic impact of (1) treating pregnant women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive with zidovudine and (2) voluntary screening programs for pregnant women for HIV infection and offering treatment with zidovudine to those found to be HIV-positive.Number of cases of pediatric HIV infection and costs of screening, zidovudine treatment, and pediatric HIV infection treatment.Health care costs associated with treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women and their newborns are estimated as the costs of zidovudine and its administration and the reduction in costs of treating pediatric HIV infection. The lifetime costs of pediatric HIV infection are derived from the published literature. Estimates of the reduction in maternal-to-fetal transmission rates are taken from the AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Protocol 076. Costs of a voluntary screening program include costs of screening tests and counseling. Sensitivity and threshold analyses are performed to determine the impact of changes in input parameter values including zidovudine treatment costs, efficacy of treatment, costs of pediatric HIV infection, prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women, screening test sensitivity and specificity, and pregnancy termination rates on the results.Assuming transmission rates are reduced from 25.5% to 8.3% as found in the ACTG 076 trial, treatment costs of $104,502 for 100 HIV-positive pregnant women and their newborns are offset by the reduction of $1,701,333 associated with fewer cases of pediatric HIV infection for a net savings of $1,596,831. The sensitivity and threshold analyses show that overall cost savings from treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women and their newborns are achieved for a wide range of possible maternal treatment costs, efficacy rates, and lifetime pediatric HIV treatment costs. In the base-case analysis for the voluntary screening program, overall cost savings are seen when HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women is greater than 4.6 per 1000. However, this threshold prevalence rate is sensitive to changes In parameter value-especially pediatric HIV treatment costs, counselling costs, efficacy of treatment, and years of additional HIV treatment for the pregnant women.Offering zidovudine treatment to pregnant women known to be HIV-positive will decrease the number of cases of pediatric HIV infection and reduce health care costs. Voluntary screening programs for pregnant women will further decrease the number of cases of pediatric HIV infection. The effect of a screening program on health care costs varies according to HIV prevalence and the costs associated with the screening program.
Colonic Hyperplasia and Hyperproliferation Induced by a Nutritional Stress Diet With Four Components of Western-Style Diet
Authors: H. L. Newmark, M. Lipkin, N. Maheshwari
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Colonic Hyperplasia and Hyperproliferation Induced by a Nutritional Stress Diet With Four Components of Western-Style Diet Get access Harold L. Newmark, Harold L. Newmark * Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY *Correspondence to : Harold L. Newmark, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Lipkin, Martin Lipkin Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Narendra Maheshwari Narendra Maheshwari Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 6, 21 March 1990, Pages 491–496, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.6.491 Published: 21 March 1990 Article history Received: 30 August 1989 Revision received: 11 December 1989 Accepted: 19 December 1989 Published: 21 March 1990
Discriminating Different Classes of Toxicants by Transcript Profiling
Authors: Guido Steiner, Laura Suter, Franziska Boess, Rodolfo Gasser, Maria Cristina de Vera, Silvio Albertini, Stefan Ruepp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Male rats were treated with various model compounds or the appropriate vehicle controls. Most substances were either well-known hepatotoxicants or showed hepatotoxicity during preclinical testing. The aim of the present study was to determine if biological samples from rats treated with various compounds can be classified based on gene expression profiles. In addition to gene expression analysis using microarrays, a complete serum chemistry profile and liver and kidney histopathology were performed. We analyzed hepatic gene expression profiles using a supervised learning method (support vector machines; SVMs) to generate classification rules and combined this with recursive feature elimination to improve classification performance and to identify a compact subset of probe sets with potential use as biomarkers. Two different SVM algorithms were tested, and the models obtained were validated with a compound-based external cross-validation approach. Our predictive models were able to discriminate between hepatotoxic and nonhepatotoxic compounds. Furthermore, they predicted the correct class of hepatotoxicant in most cases. We provide an example showing that a predictive model built on transcript profiles from one rat strain can successfully classify profiles from another rat strain. In addition, we demonstrate that the predictive models identify nonresponders and are able to discriminate between gene changes related to pharmacology and toxicity. This work confirms the hypothesis that compound classification based on gene expression data is feasible.
Peptide vaccination elicits leukemia-associated antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: K Giannopoulos, A Dmoszynska, M Kowal, J Rolinski, E Gostick, D A Price, J Greiner, M Rojewski, S Stilgenbauer, H Döhner, M Schmitt
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on PBMC subsets in normal individuals and cancer patients
Authors: Lauren Lepone, Renee N Donahue, Italia Grenga, James L Gulley, Christopher R Heery, Ravi A Madan, Jeffrey Schlom, Benedetto Farsaci
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Immunotherapies aiming to interfere with the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1 (programmed death-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are currently being investigated in several clinical trials to treat cancer patients. The PD-1 pathway is one of the ways cancer cells evade immune-mediated
The Healer's Tale: Transforming Medicine and Culture
Authors: Howard Spiro
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The subtitle of this book, "Transforming Medicine and Culture," emphasizes the author's contention that by manipulating nature, contemporary Western medicine changes culture. When a 22-week-old fetus can be kept alive, or when a brain-dead patient in a permanent vegetative state can become a "donor" of organs that will flourish long after that patient is truly dead, traditional boundaries of life and death grow very fluid, even among such empirically minded, secular people as physicians. Examining the life histories of seven physicians who came of age during what they and the author call medicine's "Golden Age," 1945-1965, Sharon Kaufman, a medical anthropologist at the University of California, San Francisco, lets the physicians tell their own life stories. Physicians in those far-off times were usually Protestant men and of a higher social class—as they saw it—than the poor patients they cared for during their training. Of the seven, four were university-based academics—Paul
Effect of a Ban on Carrying Firearms on Homicide Rates in 2 Colombian Cities
Authors: Andrés Villaveces, Peter Cummings, Victoria E. Espitia, Thomas D. Koepsell, Barbara McKnight, Arthur L. Kellermann
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextHomicide is a leading cause of death in Colombia, with much of the fatal interpersonal violence concentrated in the country's largest cities. Firearms are involved in as much as 80% of homicides in Colombia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of an intermittent police-enforced ban on carrying firearms on the incidence of homicide in urban Colombia.DesignInterrupted time-series study with multiple replications.SettingCali, Colombia, during 1993 and 1994 and Bogotá, Colombia, from 1995 through August 1997.ParticipantsThe populations of Cali and Bogotá.InterventionCarrying of firearms was banned on weekends after paydays, on holidays, and on election days. Enforcement included establishment of police checkpoints and searching of individuals during traffic stops and other routine law enforcement activity.Main Outcome MeasureHomicide rates during intervention days were compared with rates during similar days without the intervention; estimates were based on comparisons within the same month, day of week, and time of day.ResultsThere were 4078 homicides in Cali during 1993 and 1994 (114.6 per 100,000 person-years). In Bogotá, 9106 homicides occurred from 1995 through August 1997 (61 per 100,000 person-years). The incidence of homicide was lower during periods when the firearm-carrying ban was in effect compared with other periods (multivariate-adjusted rate ratio, 0.86 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.76-0.97] for Cali, and 0.87 [95% CI, 0.77-0.98] for Bogotá).ConclusionAn intermittent citywide ban on the carrying of firearms in 2 Colombian cities was associated with a reduction in homicide rates for both cities.
Level of education and the risk of malignant melanoma
Authors: Peter Y. Lee, Mark K. Silverman, Darrell S. Rigel, Katrien A. Vossaert, Alfred W. Kopf, Robert S. Bart, Lawrence Garfinkel, Marcia J. Levenstein
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)

Background: The risk for the development of malignant melanoma has been reported to be higher in persons with more formal education than in individuals with less. Objective: To study whether those with more formal education are indeed at more risk for malignant melanoma than those with less formal education. Methods: This case-control study explores the relation between education and melanoma risk by analyzing data collected by the American Cancer Society. A total of 1.2 million people were surveyed for a history of cancer and followed up for 6 years for the development of any cancer. In total, 2780 white persons had a history of malignant melanoma or developed malignant melanoma during the study period. The controls were age-, sex-, and geographically matched white persons selected from the remaining people enrolled. Results: Both men and women were shown to have a statistically significant increase in the relative risk for malignant melanoma with increasing education level (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). This relation was more striking in men when the relative risk with 95% confidence interval was calculated by sex for each education level. Conclusion: Americans with more formal education are at greater risk for malignant melanoma than those with less education. Background: The risk for the development of malignant melanoma has been reported to be higher in persons with more formal education than in individuals with less. Objective: To study whether those with more formal education are indeed at more risk for malignant melanoma than those with less formal education. Methods: This case-control study explores the relation between education and melanoma risk by analyzing data collected by the American Cancer Society. A total of 1.2 million people were surveyed for a history of cancer and followed up for 6 years for the development of any cancer. In total, 2780 white persons had a history of malignant melanoma or developed malignant melanoma during the study period. The controls were age-, sex-, and geographically matched white persons selected from the remaining people enrolled. Results: Both men and women were shown to have a statistically significant increase in the relative risk for malignant melanoma with increasing education level (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). This relation was more striking in men when the relative risk with 95% confidence interval was calculated by sex for each education level. Conclusion: Americans with more formal education are at greater risk for malignant melanoma than those with less education.
Glibenclamide does not abolish the protective effect of preconditioning on stunning in the isolated perfused rat heart
Authors: T. A Fralix, C. Steenbergen, R. E London, E. Murphy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to determine if the beneficial effects of preconditioning would be affected by inhibiting ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the isolated, perfused rat heart. Methods: The effects of inhibiting KATP channels with glibenclamide (10 μM) were evaluated on ionic alterations and recovery of function after 30 min ischaemia in non-preconditioned hearts and in hearts that had been preconditioned with four intermittent periods of 5 min ischaemia each separated by 5 min of reflow. [Ca2+]i, pHi, and high energy phosphate levels were measured using 19F and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance during the preconditioning periods of ischaemia, during 30 min of ischaemia, and during reflow, in the presence and absence of 10 μM glibenclamide. Results: High energy phosphate contents were decreased during the preconditioning period to a greater extent in glibenclamide treated hearts and the onset of contracture was hastened during the subsequent 30 min period of sustained ischaemia. However, glibenclamide (10 μM) did not abolish the protective effects of preconditioning on ion accumulation during ischaemia or on postischaemic recovery of contractile function. Recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (as % of initial value) following 30 min of ischaemia was 74(SEM 5)% in the preconditioned hearts without drug and 62(4)% in the preconditioned hearts with glibenclamide, while recovery was 25(5)% in the non-preconditioned hearts without drug and 19(2)% in the non-preconditioned hearts with drug. The alterations in [Ca2+]i and pHi during ischaemia were similar in the glibenclamide treated and untreated preconditioned hearts and in both cases were less marked than in the non-preconditioned untreated hearts. Conclusions: Thus, although inhibition of KATP channels accelerates high energy phosphate depletion during the preconditioning period, this does not result in accentuation of the ionic derangements during a subsequent sustained period of ischaemia and does not abolish the protective effect of preconditioning on stunning in the isolated rat heart. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:630-637
LIPSTICK DERMATITIS: WITH A REPORT OE A CASE DUE TO EOSIN.*
Authors: F. F. HELLIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1937)

Journal Article LIPSTICK DERMATITIS: WITH A REPORT OE A CASE DUE TO EOSIN. Get access F. F. HELLIER, M.D., M.R.C.P.LOND. F. F. HELLIER, M.D., M.R.C.P.LOND. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 49, Issue 11, 1 November 1937, Pages 485–491, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1937.tb11663.x Published: 01 November 1937
Imaging: Conjugated Polymer Amplified Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorescence from Nanoparticles with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for Targeted In Vivo Imaging (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2013)
Authors: Dan Ding, Kai Li, Wei Qin, Ruoyu Zhan, Yong Hu, Jianzhao Liu, Ben Zhong Tang, Bin Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Bin Liu and co-workers report on page 500 a fluorescence-amplified far-red/near-infrared (FR/NIR) probe by co-encapsulation of a conjugated polymer donor and a fluorogen acceptor with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics into biocompatible bovine serum albumin (BSA) matrix. These probes allow for targeted in vitro and in vivo cancer imaging with high contrast and in a selective manner.
Glimepiride-Induced Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Kazuhisa Tsukamoto, Keisuke Ohta, Ryo Suzuki, Masumi Hara, Jun-ichi Osuga, Kazuyuki Tobe, Takashi Kadowaki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

A 40-year-old woman who suffered from type 2 diabetes but had no allergies or history of asthma appeared in the outpatient clinic due to dyspnea. She had been diagnosed with diabetes in 2000, and pioglitazone and buformin were initiated in August and December 2004, respectively. However, because her A1C level was still elevated (8.2%), glimepiride (1 mg/day) was added on 3 August 2005. Two hours after taking the medication, she manifested general malaise, and in the evening, further developed wheezing and dyspnea. Her symptoms worsened gradually, compelling her to visit the outpatient clinic on 4 August 2005. The physical examination revealed stridor upon chest auscultation. An arterial blood gas test revealed hypoxemia (PaO …