tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnesium-saving property of an aldosterone antagonist in the treatment of oedema of liver cirrhosis.
Authors: P Lim, E Jacob
Journal: BMJ (1978)

With conservative treatment the patient's renal function returned to normal.Although the blood cultures gave negative results, the most likely cause for the patient's fever, jaundice, and renal failure was a transient Cl welchii septicaemia.The Cl welchii organisms from both patients were serotyped.The bacteria isolated from the blood and vagina of the first patient were identified as ac-haemolytic Cl welchii type 58.An identical type was isolated from the vagina of the second patient. DiscussionMost Cl welchii septicaemias are endogenous.'We believe that Cl welchii was present in the vagina and the uterine tumour of the first patient and was carried into the blood stream after insertion of the caesium tube.Her infection seems to have been transferred to the second patient.After the first, unsuccessful attempt to insert the tube into the first patient the source was returned to the shielded "well" in the theatre.The tube must have been contaminated by vaginal organisms.Possibly it came in contact with the tube for the second patient, which was stored in the well.Cl welchii septicaemias are usually fatal unless treatment begins within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms.In a recent review only two out of 14 patients survived.2High-dose penicillin should be given as soon as the condition is suspected.Cl welchii may be isolated from the vagina of 5 % of healthy women.;The hypoxic necrotic areas of tumours provide an ideal culture medium.It is therefore remarkable that Cl Welchii septicaemia is a rare complication of treating gynaecological tumours by intracavity radiation.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN (IGFBP) 2: A NOVEL METABOLIC BIOMARKER STRONGLY PREDICTIVE OF FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
Authors: Svati Hasmukh Shah, Jie-Lena Sun, Karen Pieper, Carol Haynes, Michael Muehlbauer, James R. Bain, Elizabeth R. Hauser, William E. Kraus, Christopher B. Newgard, Christopher B. Granger, Robert M. Califf, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
MYC stimulates EZH2 expression by repression of its negative regulator miR-26a
Authors: Sandrine Sander, Lars Bullinger, Kay Klapproth, Katja Fiedler, Hans A. Kestler, Thomas F. E. Barth, Peter Möller, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Jonathan R. Pollack, Thomas Wirth
Journal: Blood (2008)
Return to play? Practical considerations for young athletes with cardiovascular disease
Authors: B R Anderson, V L Vetter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Sports activities are an important part of the daily life of young persons. For a small proportion of those with cardiac conditions, sports participation can result in sudden cardiac arrest. Children and adolescents often participate in both organised and spontaneous play, for which activity guidelines are needed when a condition known to cause sudden cardiac death is identified. This article examines the current guidelines that provide recommendations for sports participation by young persons with cardiovascular disease and reviews the current information on risks of physical activity for those with specific cardiac conditions. The goal of the practitioner is to balance the risks of restriction from physical activity with the benefits of participation. Some practical recommendations are offered for consideration, along with potential alternatives to absolute restriction.
Genetic Counseling of Asymptomatic Carriers in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: MACK LIPKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

In a prospective, controlled, stratified, experimental effectiveness study of screening and counseling, 25 000 consecutive adults were screened for thalassemia trait. Eight hundred forty-three adults had a mean corpuscular volume less than 77 fL; 192 (22% of those with microcytosis) had hemoglobin A2 greater than 3.5%, proving beta-thalassemia trait. Video-program, neutral-educational, and patient-centered counseling methods produced equal levels of learning, retention, psychologic impact, and effects on life adjustment immediately and at 2 and 10 months after counseling. Ninety-nine percent of the patients told other persons about the counseling, and 43% had 106 others screened. Factors related to having someone else screened included plans to have children (p < 0.002), being younger (p < 0.0025), better education (p < 0.05), and having high knowledge of thalassemia (p = 0.05). For maximum effectiveness, screening and counseling programs should focus on patients for whom a positive result has high significance.
Acute phase cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape is a hallmark of simian immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: David H. O'Connor, Todd M. Allen, Thorsten U. Vogel, Peicheng Jing, Ivna P. DeSouza, Elizabeth Dodds, Edward J. Dunphy, Cheri Melsaether, Bianca Mothé, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Helen Horton, Nancy Wilson, Austin L. Hughes, David I. Watkins
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Analysis of the IMMULITE®-2000 3gAllergy™ for the Diagnosis of Latex Allergy
Authors: R.E. Biagini, B.A. MacKenzie, D.L. Sammons, S.A. Robertson, E.F. Krieg, R.G. Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
US specialty societies are urged to adopt code on relations with industry
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A US organisation is calling on all medical societies to sign up to a code of ethics that would set standards for their relations with drug companies and encourage them to be far more open about their funding.

The US Council of Medical Specialty Societies released the voluntary code on doctors’ interactions with manufacturers of drugs and devices on 21 April. The council said that 13 of its 32 member societies had already adopted the code and others were planning to adopt it.

The council’s member societies represent about 650 000 of the 920 000 or so doctors in the United States. Some societies have already adopted their own policies that are similar to the new code.

The …
Continuous non-invasive monitoring of evolving acute severe asthma during sleep.
Authors: P C Deegan, W T McNicholas
Journal: Thorax (1994)

A spontaneous acute severe asthmatic attack was monitored non-invasively in a 27 year old sleeping female asthmatic subject. As the attack evolved there was a switch from predominant abdominal breathing (associated with inspiratory indrawing of the rib cage) to gradually increasing rib cage excursion (associated with inspiratory paradox of the abdominal wall with respect to the rib cage). Abdominal paradox increased progressively until it appeared to fill the whole of the inspiratory period of the rib cage, at which point rapid oxygen desaturation developed.
A Potential Hazard of Prolonged Insertion of an Intrauterine Device
Authors: Sarah Wyatt, Ian W. Gallen, Anthony Nicholls
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: We report the occurrence of Candida albicans fungemia in a 70-year-old woman that was associated with an intrauterine contraceptive device that had been in place for 28 years. The woman had a six-month history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, controlled by diet. She presented with confusion, fever, hyperglycemia, and anuria. Initial examination suggested no focus of infection apart from a copious vaginal discharge containing blood. An intrauterine device was seen on x-ray examination. The white-cell count was 16,700 per cubic millimeter; glucose, 47.5 mmol per liter; sodium, 118 mmol per liter; and creatinine, 7.06 mg per deciliter (624 μmol . . .
Risks of harms using antifibrinolytics in cardiac surgery: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies
Authors: B. Hutton, L. Joseph, D. Fergusson, C. D. Mazer, S. Shapiro, A. Tinmouth
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To estimate the relative risks of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal failure or dysfunction between antifibrinolytics and no treatment following the suspension of aprotinin from the market in 2008 for safety reasons and its recent reintroduction in Europe and Canada. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and network meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> A Cochrane review of antifibrinolytic treatments was chosen as the starting point for this systematic review. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane register of trials were searched with no date restrictions for observational evidence. <b>Study selection</b> Propensity matched or adjusted observational studies with two or more of the interventions of interest (aprotinin, tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and no treatment) that were carried out in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. <b>Data analysis</b> Network meta-analysis was used to compare treatments, and odds ratios with 95% credible intervals were estimated. Meta-analyses were carried out for randomised controlled trials alone and for randomised controlled trials with observational studies. <b>Results</b> 106 randomised controlled trials and 11 observational studies (43 270 patients) were included. Based on the results from analysis of randomised controlled trials, tranexamic acid was associated on average with a reduced risk of death compared with aprotinin (odds ratio 0.64, 95% credible interval 0.41 to 0.99). When observational data were incorporated, comparisons showed an increased risk of mortality with aprotinin on average relative to tranexamic acid (odds ratio 0.71, 95% credible interval 0.50 to 0.98) and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (0.60, 0.43 to 0.87), and an increased risk of renal failure or dysfunction on average relative to all comparators: odds ratio 0.66 (95% credible interval 0.45 to 0.88) compared with no treatment, 0.66 (0.48 to 0.91) versus tranexamic acid, and 0.65 (0.45 to 0.88) versus epsilon-aminocaproic acid. <b>Conclusion</b> Although meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials were largely inconclusive, inclusion of observational data suggest concerns remain about the safety of aprotinin. Tranexamic and epsilon-aminocaproic acid are effective alternatives that may be safer for patients.
Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma developing in an ileostomy stoma.
Authors: P J Smart, S Sastry, S Wells
Journal: Gut (1988)

We report a mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in an ileostomy stoma of a 60 year old woman after a subtotal colectomy done 28 years previously for ulcerative colitis. A study of the histochemical profiles of the mucin within the mucosa of the ileostomy and the carcinoma was undertaken. Previously documented cases are reviewed.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF DILANTIN THERAPY
Authors: WILLARD W. DICKERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

1. We believe that, at the present time, dilantin sodium is the most effective single preparation available in the treatment of the convulsive manifestations of epilepsy. 2. Although toxic manifestations are frequent and sometimes severe, careful clinical observation and laboratory studies will decrease their incidence and withdrawal of the drug or reduction in dosage will afford prompt relief. 3. The use of small doses of phenobarbital in combination with dilantin offers an additional possibility for the control of seizures when dilantin alone is insufficient to attain that end.
Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) deficiency in two patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and one healthy control
Authors: Anna Sokolowska, Agnieszka Szala, Anna St Swierzko, Monika Kozinska, Tomasz Niemiec, Maria Blachnio, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopec, Jaroslaw Dziadek, Maciej Cedzynski
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
THE TREATMENT OF ERYSIPELAS.Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: J. M. ANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The subject of the treatment of erysipelas falls naturally into three subdivisions: 1, dietetic treatment; 2, constitutional; 3, local. <i>1. Dietetic</i>.—The proper attention to the diet is of first importance. It must be generous and composed of highly nutritious articles. If the temperature be high, liquid forms of nourishment alone should be administered, giving them in small quantities at definite short intervals. Rectal alimentation should be resorted to if the stomach rejects a suitable dietary. Based on considerable practical experience, I have been convinced of the fact that liberal feeding is of greater service to the patient than any recognized form of medicinal treatment. This method pursued from the onset of the attack will not only serve to render the course of the disease more favorable than if less energetically fed, but will also lessen the liability to the more frequent complications. Erysipelas is, as shown elsewhere, a self-limited disease
Book: Surgical Emergencies
Authors: R. Saadia
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Eds John Monson, Kevin O'Malley Blackwell Science, £75, pp 448 ISBN 0632 050 470 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> The past two decades have seen rapid advances in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical emergencies. These can be accounted for by both technological progress and conceptual developments. Examples of technological advances include the inroads of laparoscopy, previously the monopoly of gynaecologists, into general surgery and the expanding field of radiological imaging. Conceptual progress may initially seem less dramatic but is perhaps even … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
The price of presumption
Authors: A. Byron
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Assembling on the surgical ward for our first ward round, we were like snowmen on parade, with freshly starched white coats and stethoscopes shyly peeping from pockets. I was to clerk a young man, take a full history, and make an examination.

As I sat at the patient's bed his fear was almost tangible. Being psychiatrically inclined, I inquired of the source of his anxiety. He told me that he had dived …
Heart Disease after Radiation
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Heart disease occurring after irradiation of the mediastinum was first recognized in the 1960s, when long-term survival after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease became frequent. Pericardial disease, in its various forms, is the most common problem, but some instances of myocardial disease, coronary-artery disease, and valvular sclerosis have also occurred. In recent years, with improvements in the techniques of radiotherapy and with greater use of chemotherapy, cases of heart disease after radiation have been fewer and less severe. However, since pericarditis may develop or become clinically manifest many years after the radiotherapy, new cases do continue to appear.In this issue . . .
A MODIFICATION OF THE EYE OF THE NEEDLE
Authors: JAMES P. MARSH
Journal: JAMA (1903)

During the process of suturing I have been frequently very much annoyed by the needle unthreading. To obviate this difficulty I have had needles made with eyes differently formed from the ordinary, the object of this modification being to so join the suture material into the narrow part of the eye that it will not become unthreaded by reason of any ordinary traction and at the same time to so leave it that it can be readily loosened at the end of the suturing for the purposes of tying. The drawing presented will best show the modification made. It is possible that the same means has been previously resorted to, but not to my knowledge.
SAVING THE WASTE IN DRUGS
Authors: Frederic C. Sharpless
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an attempt to reduce the drug bills at the Bryn Mawr Hospital, the following experiment has been tried: A list of all the stock on hand was prepared by the night nurses, and it was found that there were, for the seventy beds, about 650 articles on the medicine shelves. This list, of course, included many duplicates or different preparations of the same drugs, as digitalis, and many different strengths of the same drug, for example, eight preparations of calomel in various denominations and in combination with various amounts of soda. There were also many special preparations that had been used a few times in the remote past and had been untouched since. A list of drugs that seemed an irreducible minimum was then prepared, the editorial on "Sodium versus Potassium" (The Journal, June 1, 1918, p. 1601) being borne in mind, and submitted to the
Giant Left Atrial Aneurysm in a 15-Month-Old Child
Authors: Andrew Sands, Brian Edis, Andrew Cochrane
Journal: Circulation (2003)

A 15-month-old boy with an 8-week history of breath- ing difficulty was brought to the accident and emergency department in atrial fibrillation.Clinical examination demonstrated moderate cardiac failure, and a chest radiograph showed gross enlargement of the mediastinal/ cardiac silhouette (Figure 1).An echocardiogram showed an aneurysmal mass arising from the left atrium (Figure 2).The child was anticoagulated and given digoxin and frusemide.He unfortunately developed a mild right hemiparesis, presumably from a thromboembolic event.Two days later, a giant aneurysm of the left atrium was resected at surgery (Figure 3).A small portion of thrombus was removed from the appendage.Sinus rhythm resumed immediately, and the child made a good recovery.At the time of discharge, the hemiparesis had significantly improved.Figure 1.Plain chest radiograph suggesting massive cardiac enlargement.
The effects on rat skin of prolonged exposure to water
Authors: M. JOLLY, A. G. SWAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

By means of small waterproof chambers held on the backs of rats with adhesive, areas of skin were exposed continuously to sterile distilled water for I-, 2-, and 3-day periods. All test areas showed discernible changes and many exhibited vesicles, bullae or abscesses in the epidermis. Dermal changes ranged from mild inflammatory cell infiltration to severe oedema and haemorrhagic inflammation.
Increase in Plasma Endotoxin Concentrations and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 in Mononuclear Cells After a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal
Authors: Husam Ghanim, Sanaa Abuaysheh, Ching Ling Sia, Kelly Korzeniewski, Ajay Chaudhuri, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real, Paresh Dandona
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) with that of a high-fiber and fruit meal on the concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), LPS-binding protein (LBP), the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in mononuclear cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy lean subjects were given 910 calories of either an HFHC meal (n = 10) or an American Heart Association (AHA)-recommended meal rich in fiber and fruit (n = 10) after an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and at 1, 2, and 3 h after the meal. Cellular indexes of oxidative and inflammatory stress; the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 in mononuclear cells; and plasma concentrations of LPS and LBP were measured. RESULTS HFHC meal intake induced an increase in plasma LPS concentration and the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 protein, reactive oxygen species generation, and nuclear factor-κB binding activity (P &amp;lt; 0.05 for all). These increases were totally absent after the AHA meal rich in fiber and fruit. CONCLUSIONS The novel changes described after the HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying postprandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 after such meals. In contrast, an AHA meal does not induce these effects.
Failure of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol to limit infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion in dogs.
Authors: K A Reimer, R B Jennings
Journal: Circulation (1985)

During the acute phase of myocardial ischemia, adenine nucleotides are degraded to nucleosides and bases, especially inosine and hypoxanthine. Simultaneously, xanthine dehydrogenase is converted to xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, producing a superoxide anion for each molecule of hypoxanthine or xanthine oxidized. To determine if free radicals via this enzymatic source contribute to cell death in myocardial ischemia, we determined whether allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, could limit infarct size in a reperfusion preparation of myocardial infarction. The circumflex coronary artery of each of 34 dogs was occluded for 40 min, followed by reperfusion for 4 days. Infarct size then was measured by histologic methods and was related to major baseline predictors of infarct size, including anatomic area at risk and collateral blood flow. Infarct size was larger (NS) in the allopurinol (n = 8) than in the control (n = 11) group, a trend that was related to slightly higher (NS) collateral blood flow in the control group. We conclude that allopurinol has no beneficial effect in this preparation of experimental myocardial infarction. The results oppose the hypothesis that free radicals, produced via the xanthine oxidase reaction, are an important contributing factor in myocardial ischemic cell death.
NEWER CLINICAL SIGNS OF EARLY RICKETS
Authors: C. ULYSSES MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Nearly three centuries ago, rickets was recognized and very ably described by a group of English physicians, Glisson, Bate and Regenmarter. 1 The first recorded death from this disease was in 1630. 2 Bootius, 3 in 1649, writing in Latin, said of rickets,  malady is a sore affection in many thousand infants. An equal prevalence of rickets today warrants our interest in it, while our newer methods of study enable us to recognize even the milder cases of the disease. The Pacific Northwest, with its great number of cloudy days, seems a very fertile soil for this infantile dyscrasia.  Experimental evidence indicates that clinical manifestations of the disease occur first in the nervous system, secondly in the muscular system, and thirdly in the bony system. 4 This paper, however, will be confined to some of the more important skeletal signs. Guerin 5 considered that rickets was manifested first in
Insulin Glargine Safety in Pregnancy
Authors: Erika K. Pollex, Denice S. Feig, Angelika Lubetsky, Paul M. Yip, Gideon Koren
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Insulin glargine (Lantus) is an extended-action insulin analog with greater stability and duration of action than regular human insulin. The long duration of action and decreased incidence of hypoglycemia provide potential advantages for its use in pregnancy. However, the placental pharmacokinetics of insulin glargine have not been studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether insulin glargine crosses the human placenta using the human perfused placental lobule technique. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Placentae were obtained with informed consent after elective cesarean section delivery of noncomplicated term pregnancies. Insulin glargine, at a therapeutic concentration of 150 pmol/l (20 μU/ml) was added to the maternal circulation. Additional experiments were carried out at insulin glargine concentrations 1,000-fold higher than therapeutic levels (150, 225, and 300 nmol/l). A subsequent perfusion for which the maternal circuit remained open and insulin glargine was continuously infused at 150 pmol/l was completed for further confirmation of findings. The appearance of insulin glargine in the fetal circulation was analyzed by a chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS Results from perfusions carried out at therapeutic concentrations (150 pmol/l) of insulin glargine showed no detectable insulin glargine in the fetal circuit. After perfusion with very high insulin glargine concentrations of 150, 225, and 300 nmol/l, the rate of transfer remained low at 0.079 ± 0.01, 0.14, and 0.064 pmol · min−1 · g tissue−1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Insulin glargine, when used at therapeutic concentrations, is not likely to cross the placenta.