tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What Is the Optimal Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor–Positive Early Breast Cancer?
Authors: Nadine Tung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

A 56-year-old postmenopausal woman with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer was referred to discuss adjuvant therapy. Annual screening mammogram demonstrated a suspicious mass in the left breast. Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy revealed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma that was estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) negative and lacked amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ie, HER2 negative). She underwent excision and sentinel node evaluation. Pathology demonstrated a 1.9-cm grade 2 invasive cancer without lymphatic vascular invasion; clean margins were obtained, and both sentinel nodes were free of cancer. The 21-gene recurrence score was 16. She has a body mass index (BMI) of 28.5 but is otherwise healthy; levothyroxine is the only prescription medication she takes. She experienced vaginal spotting 2 years earlier because of an endometrial polyp, which was resected. She exercises regularly and takes a calcium supplement with vitamin D. Bone density study performed 6 months earlier was normal other than mild osteopenia in the femoral neck (T score, −1.3). Radiation therapy is planned
A 20-Year Prospective Study of Plasma Prolactin as a Risk Marker of Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Shelley S. Tworoger, A. Heather Eliassen, Xuehong Zhang, Jing Qian, Patrick M. Sluss, Bernard A. Rosner, Susan E. Hankinson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Understanding how the timing of exposure to endogenous hormones influences cancer development is critical to elucidating disease etiology. Prolactin increases proliferation and cell motility, processes important in later stage tumor development, suggesting that levels proximate (versus distant) to diagnosis may better predict risk. Thus, we calculated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prolactin levels on samples collected &amp;lt;10 (proximate) versus ≥10 (distant) years before diagnosis in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII with breast cancer risk, including in a subset of NHS women providing two samples 10 years apart. We measured prolactin via immunoassay in cases diagnosed from 1990 to 2010 (NHS) and 1999 to 2009 (NHSII) and matched controls. Overall, 2,468 cases and 4,021 controls had prolactin measured &amp;lt;10 years and 953 cases and 1,339 controls &amp;gt;10 years before diagnosis/reference date. There was an increased risk for higher proximate prolactin levels [RR, &amp;gt;15.7 vs. ≤8.1 ng/mL (i.e., top vs. bottom quartiles) = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03–1.40; Ptrend = 0.005], but not for distant levels (RR = 0.97; Ptrend = 0.94); results were similar among women with two blood samples (Pinteraction, proximate vs. distant = 0.07). The positive association was stronger for ER+ disease (RR = 1.28; Ptrend = 0.003) and postmenopausal women (RR = 1.37; Ptrend = 0.0002). Among postmenopausal women, the association was strongest for ER+ disease (RR = 1.52) and lymph node-positive cases (RR = 1.63). Our data suggest that prolactin levels measured &amp;lt;10 years before diagnosis are most strongly associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, especially for ER+ tumors and metastatic disease. This corresponds with biologic data that prolactin is etiologically important in tumor promotion. Cancer Res; 73(15); 4810–9. ©2013 AACR.
A canine model for histometric evaluation of periodontal regeneration
Authors: Chang‐Sung Kim, Yoo‐Jung Um, Jung‐Kiu Chai, Kyoo‐Sung Cho, Ik‐Sang Moon, Seong‐Ho Choi, Ui‐Won Jung, Dong‐Won Lee, Chong‐Kwan Kim
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2011)
Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study
Authors: JSM Peiris, CM Chu, VCC Cheng, KS Chan, IFN Hung, LLM Poon, KI Law, BSF Tang, TYW Hon, CS Chan, KH Chan, JSC Ng, BJ Zheng, WL Ng, RWM Lai, Y Guan, KY Yuen
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

We investigated the temporal progression of the clinical, radiological, and virological changes in a community outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).We followed up 75 patients for 3 weeks managed with a standard treatment protocol of ribavirin and corticosteroids, and assessed the pattern of clinical disease, viral load, risk factors for poor clinical outcome, and the usefulness of virological diagnostic methods.Fever and pneumonia initially improved but 64 (85%) patients developed recurrent fever after a mean of 8.9 (SD 3.1) days, 55 (73%) had watery diarrhoea after 7.5 (2.3) days, 60 (80%) had radiological worsening after 7.4 (2.2) days, and respiratory symptoms worsened in 34 (45%) after 8.6 (3.0) days. In 34 (45%) patients, improvement of initial pulmonary lesions was associated with appearance of new radiological lesions at other sites. Nine (12%) patients developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum and 15 (20%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in week 3. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase (RT) PCR of nasopharyngeal aspirates in 14 patients (four with ARDS) showed peak viral load at day 10, and at day 15 a load lower than at admission. Age and chronic hepatitis B virus infection treated with lamivudine were independent significant risk factors for progression to ARDS (p=0.001). SARS-associated coronavirus in faeces was seen on RT-PCR in 65 (97%) of 67 patients at day 14. The mean time to seroconversion was 20 days.The consistent clinical progression, shifting radiological infiltrates, and an inverted V viral-load profile suggest that worsening in week 2 is unrelated to uncontrolled viral replication but may be related to immunopathological damage.
Effects of exposure to welding fume: an experimental study in sheep
Authors: PE Naslund, S Andreasson, R Bergstrom, L Smith, B Risberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Welding fume contains various metals and pulmonary effects from their inhalation are largely unknown. We have studied the effects of exposure to welding fume in sheep. The animals were exposed to either a bolus dose of welding fume solution or to five weeks daily exposure. Lung physiology parameters were studied and biopsies taken. Magnetopneumography was used to register the longterm exposure. Acutely exposed animals had elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Arterial oxygen tension was reduced after fume instillation. These animals had accumulation of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) in the lungs. Mn was elevated 40 times. Longterm exposed sheep increased the iron oxide accumulation significantly in lungs as seen with the magnetopneumographic technique. Following long term exposure, Mn was the metal most heavily retained in the lungs. Metals like Mn, Fe and Mg retained in the lungs can possibly give negative health effects. Besides this, the metals could be used for quantitation of welding fume exposure.
Evaluation of clinically relevant states in patient reported outcomes in knee and hip osteoarthritis: the patient acceptable symptom state
Authors: F Tubach
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> The patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) is the value beyond which patients can consider themselves well. This concept can help in interpreting results of clinical trials. <b>Objective:</b> To determine the PASS estimate for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) by assessing pain, patient's global assessment of disease activity, and functional impairment. <b>Methods:</b> A 4 week prospective multicentre cohort study of 1362 outpatients with knee or hip OA was carried out. Data on assessment of pain and patient's global assessment of disease, measured on visual analogue scales, and functional impairment, measured on the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) function subscale, were collected at baseline and final visits. The patients assessed their satisfaction with their current state at the final visit. An anchoring method based on the patient's opinion was used. <b>Results:</b> For patients with knee and hip OA, the estimates of PASS were, respectively, 32.3 and 35.0 mm for pain, 32.0 and 34.6 mm for patient global assessment of disease activity, and 31.0 and 34.4 points for WOMAC function score. The PASS varied moderately across the tertiles of baseline scores but not across age, disease duration, or sex. <b>Conclusion:</b> The use of PASS in clinical trials would provide more meaningful results expressed as a proportion of patients in an acceptable symptom state.
Risk of over-diagnosis of COPD in asymptomatic elderly never-smokers
Authors: J.A. Hardie, A.S. Buist, W.M. Vollmer, I. Ellingsen, P.S. Bakke, O. Mørkve
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has defined stage 1 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC)% &lt;70% and a FEV 1 % predicted of &gt;80%. Stage 2 has been defined as FEV 1 /FVC &lt;70% and a FEV 1 % pred of &lt;80%. The authors examined the extent of COPD misdiagnosis using this definition in healthy, never-smoker, asymptomatic adults aged &gt;70 yrs in Bergen, Norway. A respiratory questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 2,871 persons aged&gt;70 yrs. In a random, well-defined subgroup of 208 never-smoker respondents with no current respiratory disease and significant dyspnoea or heart disease/hypertension complicated with dyspnoea, 71 were able to perform an acceptable spirometry. Approximately 35% of these healthy, elderly never-smokers had an FEV 1 /FVC% of &lt;70% and would be classified as having at least a stage 1 COPD. This percentage increased with age and in those aged &gt;80 yrs ∼50% would be classified as having COPD and approximately one-third would have an FEV 1 of &lt;80% pred (stage 2 COPD). The estimated 5th percentile of FEV 1 was consistently &lt;80% pred. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria will probably lead to a significant degree of over-diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in those aged &gt;70 yrs. The criteria used to define the various stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease need to be age-specific.
Endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 controls endocrine pancreatic secretion and antro-pyloro-duodenal motility in humans
Authors: J Schirra
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Exogenous use of the intestinal hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) lowers glycaemia by stimulation of insulin, inhibition of glucagon, and delay of gastric emptying. <b>Aims:</b> To assess the effects of endogenous GLP-1 on endocrine pancreatic secretion and antro-pyloro-duodenal motility by utilising the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39)amide (ex(9-39)NH<sub>2</sub>). <b>Methods:</b> Nine healthy volunteers underwent four experiments each. In two experiments with and without intravenous infusion of ex(9-39)NH<sub>2</sub> 300 pmol/kg/min, a fasting period was followed by intraduodenal glucose perfusion at 1 and 2.5 kcal/min, with the higher dose stimulating GLP-1 release. Antro-pyloro-duodenal motility was measured by perfusion manometry. To calculate the incretin effect (that is, the proportion of plasma insulin stimulated by intestinal hormones) the glycaemia observed during the luminal glucose experiments was mimicked using intravenous glucose in two further experiments. <b>Results:</b> Ex(9-39)NH<sub>2</sub> significantly increased glycaemia during fasting and duodenal glucose. It diminished plasma insulin during duodenal glucose and significantly reduced the incretin effect by approximately 50%. Ex(9-39)NH<sub>2</sub> raised plasma glucagon during fasting and abolished the decrease in glucagon at the high duodenal glucose load. Ex(9-39)NH<sub>2</sub> markedly stimulated antroduodenal contractility. At low duodenal glucose it reduced the stimulation of tonic and phasic pyloric motility. At the high duodenal glucose load it abolished pyloric stimulation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Endogenous GLP-1 stimulates postprandial insulin release. The pancreatic α cell is under the tonic inhibitory control of GLP-1 thereby suppressing postprandial glucagon. GLP-1 tonically inhibits antroduodenal motility and mediates the postprandial inhibition of antral and stimulation of pyloric motility. We therefore suggest GLP-1 as a true incretin hormone and enterogastrone in humans.
Transmembrane action potentials and intracellular potassium activity of baboon cardiac tissues
Authors: K. H DANGMAN, K. P DRESDNER, R. E MICHLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Preparations of baboon cardiac tissue were studied using standard microelectrode and double barrelled potassium ion selective microelectrode techniques. Transmembrane action potentials were recorded from Purkinje fibres and from atrial and ventricular muscle cells. Purkinje fibres were impaled frequently on the ventricular septum but were sparse on the endocardium of the free wall. Purkinje fibres had longer action potential durations than ventricular muscle cells, and endocardial muscle cells had longer action potential durations than epicardial muscle cells. Tissue bundles resembling the false tendons of the canine heart were found in the ventricles. Most of these false tendons consisted of ventricular muscle as indicated by transmembrane action potentials. On rare occasions, false tendon preparations were studied in which the cells had action potentials similar to those of canine Purkinje fibres. In these preparations, normal automaticity occurred from maximum diastolic potentials ≥−85 mV. Intracellular potassium activity in the baboon ventricular muscle cells was 96(3) mmol·litre−1 (mean(SEM), n=32), which is lower than that reported for canine tissues but higher than that reported for feline or rabbit tissues. It is concluded that, although the cellular electrophysiology of primate and canine cardiac tissues is superficially similar, consistent and perhaps important differences do occur.
Short-Term Disruption of Diurnal Rhythms After Murine Myocardial Infarction Adversely Affects Long-Term Myocardial Structure and Function
Authors: Faisal J. Alibhai, Elena V. Tsimakouridze, Nirmala Chinnappareddy, David C. Wright, Filio Billia, M. Lynne O’Sullivan, W. Glen Pyle, Michael J. Sole, Tami A. Martino
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale: Patients in intensive care units are disconnected from their natural environment. Synchrony between environmental diurnal rhythms and intracellular circadian rhythms is essential for normal organ biology; disruption causes pathology. Whether disturbing rhythms after myocardial infarction (MI) exacerbates long-term myocardial dysfunction is not known. Objective: Short-term diurnal rhythm disruption immediately after MI impairs remodeling and adversely affects long-term cardiac structure and function in a murine model. Methods and Results: Mice were infarcted by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI model) within a 3-hour time window, randomized to either a normal diurnal or disrupted environment for 5 days, and then maintained under normal diurnal conditions. Initial infarct size was identical. Short-term diurnal disruption adversely affected body metabolism and altered early innate immune responses. In the first 5 days, crucial for scar formation, there were significant differences in cardiac myeloperoxidase, cytokines, neutrophil, and macrophage infiltration. Homozygous clock mutant mice exhibited altered infiltration after MI, consistent with circadian mechanisms underlying innate immune responses crucial for scar formation. In the proliferative phase, 1 week after MI, this led to significantly less blood vessel formation in the infarct region of disrupted mice; by day 14, echocardiography showed increased left ventricular dilation and infarct expansion. These differences continued to evolve with worse cardiac structure and function by 8 weeks after MI. Conclusions: Diurnal rhythm disruption immediately after MI impaired healing and exacerbated maladaptive cardiac remodeling. These preclinical findings suggest that disrupted diurnal rhythms such as found in modern intensive care unit environments may adversely affect long-term patient outcome.
Phase II trial of thalidomide in renal-cell carcinoma
Authors: B. Escudier, N. Lassau, D. Couanet, E. Angevin, F. Mesrati, S. Leborgne, A. Garofano, C. Leboulaire, N. Dupouy, A. Laplanche
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Opportunistic Infection in Previously Healthy Women
Authors: HENRY MASUR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Opportunistic infections and unusual tumors have been reported in an unprecedented outbreak of community-acquired cellular immune deficiency among homosexual and drug-abusing men. We report five women with the same syndrome. The women were residents of metropolitan New York City closely associated with drug abuse either by personal use (our patients) or close sexual contact with an abuser (one patient). One patient was bisexual. All five patients developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as well as combinations of other opportunistic infections including oral candida, disseminated mycobacteria, and ulcerative herpes simplex infections. All patients had marked depression of cellular immune function. Three patients died. The appearance of this syndrome in women has important implications with regard to the epidemiology and etiology of this emerging syndrome.
Coronary Pressure Measurement After Stenting Predicts Adverse Events at Follow-Up
Authors: Nico H.J. Pijls, Volker Klauss, Uwe Siebert, Eric Powers, Kenji Takazawa, William F. Fearon, Javier Escaned, Yukio Tsurumi, Takashi Akasaka, Habib Samady, Bernard De Bruyne
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Coronary stenting is associated with a restenosis rate of 15% to 20% at 6-month follow-up, despite optimum angiographic stent implantation. In this multicenter registry, we investigated the relation between optimum physiological stent implantation as assessed by poststent fractional flow reserve (FFR) and outcome at 6 months. Methods and Results — In 750 patients, coronary pressure measurement at maximum hyperemia was performed after angiographically apparently satisfactory stent implantation. Poststenting FFR was calculated and related to major adverse events (including need for repeat target vessel revascularization) at 6 months. In 76 patients (10.2%), at least 1 adverse event occurred. Five patients died, 19 experienced myocardial infarction, and 52 underwent at least 1 repeat target vessel revascularization. By multivariate analysis, FFR immediately after stenting was the most significant independent variable related to all types of events. In 36% of the patients, FFR normalized (&gt;0.95), and event rate was 4.9% in that group. In 32% of the patients, poststent FFR was between 0.90 and 0.95, and event rate was 6.2%. In 32% of patients, poststent FFR was &lt;0.90, and event rate was 20.3%. In 6% of the patients, FFR was &lt;0.80, and event rate was 29.5% ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions — FFR after stenting is a strong independent predictor of outcome at 6 months.
Fungal propagules in house dust. II..
Authors: A. P. Verhoeff, J. H. van Wijnen, E. S. van Reenen‐Hoekstra, R. A. Samson, R. T. van Strien, B. Brunekreef
Journal: Allergy (1994)

As part of a case‐control study on the relation between home dampness and respiratory symptoms of children, house‐dust samples were collected from bedroom floors and mattresses in 60 homes in The Netherlands. The house‐dust samples were analyzed for the presence of fungal propagules by plating 30 mg of dust directly onto DG18 agar. A checklist and questionnaire were used to obtain information on the home characteristics and occupant behavior that may have an effect on the presence of fungal propagules in house dust. The geometric mean (GM) number of colony‐forming units (CFU)/g dust collected from the floors was 8990. The number of CFU/g dust was significantly higher in dust from carpeted floors than in dust from smooth floors (GM, respectively, 12880 CFU/g dust and 3530 CFU/g dust). The GM number of CFU/g dust collected from mattresses was 6760. Overall, the mean numbers of CFU/g dust collected from floors and mattresses were higher in bedrooms where damp spots mold growth, or both were observed. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The relation between home characteristics and the number of CFU/g dust of the most frequently isolated mold species ( n = 17), including Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium brevicompactum , and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis , was also investigated. Only the type of flooring had a significant and consistent effect on the number of CFU/g floor dust of the different mold species. For P. brevicompactum, the number of CFU/g floor dust was significantly higher in bedrooms where damp spots were observed. The number of CFU/g mattress dust of S. brevicaulis was also significantly higher for bedrooms where damp spots were observed. However, in view of the large number of statistical comparisons made, these two significant relationships might have been caused by chance alone. The total numbers of CFU/g mattress and floor dust were not related to the average relative indoor humidity measured over 6 weeks. Furthermore, there was no association between the presence of fungi in house dust and respiratory symptoms. We conclude that there was only a very weak relationship between the home characteristics and occupant behavior, as determined by checklist and questionnaire, and the presence of fungal propagules in floor dust and mattress dust. Only the type of flooring had a substantial and statistically significant effect on the presence of fungal propagules in floor dust. Therefore, the presence of fungal propagules in house dust cannot be predicted reliably by home characteristics.
The Selection of M3-Restricted T Cells Is Dependent on M3 Expression and Presentation of <i>N</i>-Formylated Peptides in the Thymus
Authors: Nancy M. Chiu, Bin Wang, Kristen M. Kerksiek, Roger Kurlander, Eric G. Pamer, Chyung-Ru Wang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecule H2-M3 binds N-formylated peptides from mitochondria and bacteria. To explore the role of M3 expression and peptide supply in positive and negative selection, we generated transgenic mice expressing an M3-restricted TCR-α/β from a CD8+ T cell hybridoma (D7) specific for a listerial peptide (LemA). Development of M3-restricted transgenic T cells is impaired in both β2-microglobulin–deficient and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient mice, but is not diminished by changes in the H-2 haplotype. Maturation of M3/LemA-specific CD8+ single positive cells in fetal thymic organ culture was sensitive to M3 expression levels as determined by antibody blocking and use of the castaneus mutant allele of M3. Positive selection was rescued in TAP−/− lobes by nonagonist mitochondrial and bacterial peptides, whereas LemA and a partial agonist variant caused negative selection. Thus, M3-restricted CD8+ T cells are positively and negatively selected by M3, with no contribution from the more abundant class Ia molecules. These results demonstrate that class Ib molecules can function in thymic education like class Ia molecules, despite limited ligand diversity and low levels of expression.
Erratum to “Non-canonical hedgehog signaling contributes to chemotaxis in cholangiocarcinoma” [J Hepatol 2013;60:599–605]
Authors: Nataliya Razumilava, Sergio A. Gradilone, Rory L. Smoot, Joachim C. Mertens, Steven F. Bronk, Alphonse E. Sirica, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)