tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microenvironmental abnormalities induced by viral cooperation: Impact on lymphomagenesis
Authors: Paolo De Paoli, Antonino Carbone
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2015)

When stringent criteria have been used, the Epstein Barr virus (EBV), the Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been identified with sufficient evidence to be causative agents of non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Initially, single viral infection was considered fully responsible for the oncogenic properties of each virus, while it is now established that in many cases, multiple viral agents collaborate as cofactors in inducing lymphomas, especially in the presence of HIV-dependent immunodeficiency. Viruses cooperate by using their specific pathogenetic mechanisms in different combinations. The aim of this review is to describe the cooperation between different viruses in the development of lymphomas including the evidences supporting their pathogenetic role. Viral cooperation, a mechanism by which different viruses coinfecting human tissues have synergistic or regulatory effects on carcinogenesis, targets neoplastic B cells as well as cells of the microenvironment, such as reactive T-cells, B cells and macrophages, as well as non-immune cells such as endothelial cells, that contribute to tumor microenvironment. The most important viral genes involved in cooperation include HIV-1 tat and vpu, EBV LMP-1 and EBNA-2 and KSHV KIE2, Rta and LANA. Lymphomagenesis related to viral cooperation represents an interesting topic where microenvironmental abnormalities may be particularly relevant, particularly because antiviral targeted therapies and therapies producing the reconstitution of the immune system may constitute areas of interest aiming at improving the outcome of virus associated lymphomas. While the immune component of the lymphoma microenvironment can be easily studied by immunological and molecular techniques, the definition of the non-immune component of the lymphoma microenvironment is largely incomplete and may be the issue of future investigations. Understanding the pathogenetic role of viral infection in specific malignancies and defining microenvironmental abnormalities and mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis are important steps toward precise diagnosis and accurate treatment strategies for HIV-associated cancers.
Is Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy a Safe Alternative to Open Cholecystectomy for Pediatric Patients with Cholelithiasis?
Authors: M. Simi, M. Schietroma, F. Carlei, D. Iannucci, G. Cianca, S. Leardi
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

The results with five pediatric patients (6-15 years) who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis are reported here. One patient had associated hematological disease (sickle-cell anemia). All five children were submitted to surgery using the laparoscopic technique. Intraoperative cholangiography was performed in two cases with uncertain ductal and vascular intraoperative anatomy. None of the operations was converted to open cholecystectomy, and there were no operative complications. The mean hospital stay was 2.2 days (range 2-3 days). All five children were able to return to normal activity within a week. No long-term complications were seen in any of the patients during an average follow-up period of 10.6 months (range 8-14). We believe that laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children is safe and effective, and that it is an important alternative to open cholecystectomy. However, prospective comparative studies of the procedure are necessary.
S130 Role of CADM1 in squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: S Vallath, EK Sage, VH Teixeira, SM Janes, A Giangreco
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the UK with about 42,000 people being diagnosed in 2010 alone (Office of National Statistics, 2012). With a tendency to form invasive metastases coupled with its frequent late stage diagnosis, lung cancer attributes to the largest cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment and care, the five-year mortality rate remains at 90%. There is a desperate need to improve patient survival, which can be achieved partly through improved screening techniques and more importantly by expanding our understanding of the molecular changes associated with lung cancer development and progression. We investigate the role of a tumour suppressor gene, first identified in lung cancer, tumour suppressor in lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) or cell adhesion molecule 1 (Cadm1) in regulating squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) growth and metastases. <h3>Methods</h3> Cadm1 expression levels were examined using q-PCR analysis on human pre-invasive airway and normal lung tissue collected as part of an on-going UCL/CRUK longitudinal-tracking study (Lung-Surveillance and Lung-SEARCH trials). Cadm1 was introduced into an established SqCC cell line (A431) and <i><i>in vitro</i></i> functional assays performed to investigate its effect on tumour growth, progression and invasion. Pre-clinical mice models were used to study the effect of Cadm1 expression in tumour growth and metastatic potential. <h3>Results</h3> q-PCR analyses demonstrated that loss of Cadm1 expression is a frequent early event in pre-invasive human airway compared to normal tissue (p = 0.001). Functional assays using A431, with Cadm1 reintroduced, showed Cadm1 expression levels directly associated with a significant decrease in cell proliferation (p = 0.001) over 10 days and significant reduction in invasion (p = 0.001) over 72 hours compared to control A431 cells without Cadm1. Pre-clinical xenograft tumourigenecity experiments in mice showed that Cadm1 expression significantly inhibited tumour growth (p = 0.01) together with a significant reduction in the number of metastases observed (p = 0.01) when compared with the control group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data suggest that restoration of Cadm1 expression in human squamous cell carcinomas play an important role in regulation of tumour growth and metastasis. Understanding the mechanism through which Cadm1 expression is able to modulate cancer progression maybe therapeutically beneficial.
Effects of home‐based exercise training on neurovascular control in patients with heart failure
Authors: Fábio Gazelato de Mello Franco, Amilton C. Santos, Maria Urbana P. Rondon, Ivani C. Trombetta, Célia Strunz, Ana Maria W. Braga, Holly Middlekauff, Carlos E. Negrão, Antônio C. Pereira Barretto
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Use of Erythromycin in Diphtheria
Authors: James F. Blute
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE aim of treatment of diphtheria is neutralization of the toxin and elimination of bacteria from the throat. The purpose of this communication is to report on the rapid bactericidal activity of erythromycin and its usefulness in the treatment of clinical diphtheria.Diphtheria antitoxin, since its introduction about 1895, has been strikingly effective in neutralizing the exotoxin elaborated by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. However, toxin continues to be produced until the bacteria themselves cease to multiply. An effective agent that quickly eliminates the organisms from the nose and throat is greatly to be desired.All the available antibiotics, both locally and systemically, . . .
Differential Diagnosis of the Cancer Family Syndrome.
Authors: Anne J. Krush
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Differential Diagnosis of the Cancer Family Syndrome.Anne J. Krush, M.S., Henry T. Lynch, M.D.Anne J. Krush, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, Henry T. Lynch, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-877_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe cancer family syndrome is characterized by [1] increased occurrences of adenocarcinoma predominantly adenocarcinoma of the colon, stomach, and endometrium; [2] an excess of multiple primary malignant neoplasms; [3] early age of onset of cancer; and [4] probable autosomal dominant inheritance. Eight families studied during the past 8 years showed the above criteria. Analyses were made of all varieties of malignant neoplasms in the kindreds and compared with the prevalence of comparable cancers from the New York State Tumor Registry (exclusive of New York City) and compared similarly with tumor expectations including all the known varieties of hereditary cancers. Cancer... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Omaha, Nebr. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 877-878KeywordsAdenocarcinomaColonEndometriumHereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancerMotivationStomach Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bile ductule formation in fetal, neonatal, and infant livers compared with extrahepatic biliary atresia
Authors: J Cocjin, P Rosenthal, V Buslon, L Luk, L Barajas, S A Geller, B Ruebner, S French
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The cell of origin of intrahepatic bile ducts during fetal development remains a subject of controversy, although there has been recent evidence that they form from hepatocytes. However, the origin of neoductules and ducts in the setting of liver disease has not been extensively investigated in humans. Using anticytokeratins characteristic of hepatocytes and bile ducts, we repeated earlier studies of fetal development to compare ductule formation in normal developing and newborn livers with the ductules formed during extrahepatic biliary atresia. We utilized an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining to determine which cells were in active DNA synthesis (S phase) during fetal development and liver disease progression. The results indicated that hepatocytes undergo a phenotypic switch (metaplasia) to form ductular cells during fetal development. There was no ductular cell replication in the fetal livers. In contrast, both bile ductular metaplasia and proliferation were observed in biliary atresia. Therefore, both a limiting plate phenotypic switch to ductules and replication of ductular cells play a role in the increase in the ductules seen in the progression to biliary cirrhosis. Bile ductular proliferation in biliary atresia, however, was less than that seen in hepatocytes, whereas the number of bile ductules increased and the relative proportion of hepatocytes diminished as the accompanying periductular fibrosis progressed to cirrhosis.
The reproducibility and predictive value on outcome of renal biopsies from expanded criteria donors
Authors: M. Antonieta Azancot, Francesc Moreso, Maite Salcedo, Carme Cantarell, Manel Perello, Irina B. Torres, Angeles Montero, Enric Trilla, Joana Sellarés, Joan Morote, Daniel Seron
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Erythropoiesis stimulating agents
Authors: David P Steensma
Journal: BMJ (2007)

May not be safe in people with cancer

In February 2007, new concerns surfaced over the safety of agents that stimulate erythropoiesis when used to treat anaemia in patients with cancer. These concerns quickly gained the attention of the oncology community and the popular press. Most major newspapers carried this story1 because of the widespread clinical use of these agents and the high volume of advertising by the drugs' corporate sponsors aimed directly at the consumer.2

Safety concerns relate to the possibility that erythropoiesis stimulating agents are associated with increased tumour growth and worse survival in some patients with cancer. On 9 March 2007, a black box warning was added to the labelling of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin alfa in the United States. This instructed doctors to use the lowest dose possible to avoid red blood cell transfusions, and not to allow haemoglobin concentrations to exceed 120 g/l.3 The Food and Drug Administration has announced a special meeting of the Oncology Drugs Advisory Committee on 10 May 2007 to discuss this matter further.

Both randomised and open label trials have shown that patients with anaemia associated with cancer chemotherapy who are treated with erythropoiesis stimulating agents need fewer transfusions, have higher haemoglobin concentrations, and possibly have higher quality of life …
Association of the B-Cell Alloantigen DRw4 with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Peter Stastny
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Previous testing of patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that one HLA-D type, Dw4, occurred more frequently than in normal controls. B-cell alloantigens closely related to HLA-D can now be identified by a simple serologic procedure. Using this test, I studied 80 white patients with erosive, rheumatoid-factor-positive rheumatoid arthritis. The B-cell alloantigen HLA-DRw4 occurred in 70 per cent of 54 patients, as compared to 28 per cent of the 68 normal controls (P<10–5). Both groups were also tested for the HLA-A, B and C antigens and for HLA-D. HLA-Dw4 occurred in 54 per cent of the patients and 16 per cent of the controls (P<10–5). Small differences observed in several of the HLA-A and B antigens were not statistically significant. The results indicate that rheumatoid arthritis in whites is associated with genes of the HLA-D region and that immunogenetic factors linked to HLA have a role in its pathogenesis. (N Engl J Med 298:869–871, 1978)
A piece of my mind. Dying to live
Authors: E. G. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neonatal screening programme for phenylketonuria
Authors: R. Pollitt
Journal: BMJ (1991)

conditions, f-ronti mild to severe.(iven that most patients have the tests offered to them, the decision about which tests shouldi be widely available becomes paramount.Which conditions arc considered to bc scrious enloLugh to warrant prenatal screeninig and suobsequent ter-mination?'\Xho should decide?As a first step towards a solution the views of scientists, clinicians, managers, and patients as swell as special interest groups, SLuch as those wNith disabilities, need to be determined.TFhe next task is to determine how these potentially conflicting views can be reflected in policy.Once a test is available how, when, and by whom should it be offered to increase the likelihood that the decision to undergo screening reflects more a woman's values and less the social influences inherent in medical consultations?Research on these issues is needed alongside the development of these tests to ensure that we do not become slaves to our own technological wizardry.
Adverse Events, Stress and Litigation: A Physician's Guide
Authors: Jack D. McCue
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 September 2005Adverse Events, Stress and Litigation: A Physician's GuideJack D. McCue, MDJack D. McCue, MDFrom Franklin Square Hospital Center, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-5-200509060-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Charles SC, Frisch PR. 288 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 2005. $39.95. ISBN 0195171489. Order at www.oup.com.Field of medicine: Any clinical or administrative discipline that may encounter malpractice litigation.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians who have been sued or are at risk for malpractice lawsuits. Voyeurs, administrators, and lawyers might be interested. Nervous physicians, as the title implies, are the book's main target.Purpose: To be “a resource for all physicians visited by bad outcomes in patient care, events fraught with stress that is often sharpened to an almost unbearable degree for all parties by subsequent litigation.”Content: ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Franklin Square Hospital Center, Baltimore, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors Among Radiographers in the West Bank Hospitals of Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study 6 September 2005Volume 143, Issue 5Page: 396KeywordsAdverse eventsEmotionsSoftware tools ePublished: 6 September 2005 Issue Published: 6 September 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Pathology of Cancer
Authors: S. Wilks
Journal: BMJ (1874)

great drawbacks.The estuary or river, on which the little Volta was lying placidly, is ten miles in breadth between Leopard's Island and Cape Sierra Leone; extends inland about twenty miles, wAhere it divides into several arms, one of which, the Robelle, is said to have its source twenty miles from Fallaba, and two hundred from Sierra Leone, the usual rapids or falls initercepting fifty or sixty miles from Freetown.
Determination of Fetal Sex
Authors: Jason C. Birnholz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Fetal sex was determined ultrasonically by visualization of the external genitalia with 99 per cent accuracy in 69 per cent of 855 consecutive fetuses of 15 or more weeks' gestational age. Definitive visualization of the external genitalia was achieved in more than 90 per cent of all cases after the fifth month. We also found that testicular descent into the scrotum occurs after 26 weeks' gestational age, with 62 per cent of male fetuses having descent between 28 and 30 weeks and 93 per cent after 32 weeks. The wide span of gestational age at the time of testicular descent limits use of this feature as an indicator of fetal maturity. (N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 942–44.)
Fluid Loading in Septic Shock
Authors: Loren Ketai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 December 1990Fluid Loading in Septic ShockLoren Ketai, MDLoren Ketai, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-991 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The review of cardiovascular function in patients with septic shock by Parrillo and colleagues (1) raises an important question about the efficacy of fluid loading in such patients. These investigators recommend initial fluid resuscitation to raise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to 15 to 18 mm Hg. Data from a previous study by the same group (2) suggest that this course is not optimal. In this study, volume loading in patients with septic shock produced little improvement in ventricular performance despite achieving a mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 16 mm Hg.While failing to improve cardiovascular function,...References1. ParilloParkerNatanson JMC. Septic shock in humans. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:227-42. LinkGoogle Scholar2. OgnibeneParkerNatansonShelhamerParrillo FMCJJ. Depressed left ventricular performance and septic shock. Chest. 1988;93:903-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Rotherman E. High output congestive heart failure in septic shock. Chest. 1989;95:1367-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HumphreyHallSznajderSilversteinWood HJIML. Improved survival in ARDS patients associated with a reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Chest. 1990;97:1176-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SimmonsBerdineSeidenfeldPrihodaHarrisSmith RGJTGJ. Fluid balance and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;135:924-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. ParrilloParkerNatanson JMC. Septic shock in humans: advances in the understanding of pathogenesis, cardiovascular dysfunction, and therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:227-42. LinkGoogle Scholar2. OgnibeneParkerNatansonShelhamerParrillo FMCJJ. Decreased left ventricular performance: response to volume infusion in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Chest. 1988;93:903-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HumphreyHallSznajderSilversteinWood HJIML. Improved survival in ARDS patients associated with a reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Chest. 1990;97:1176-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Hyers T. ARDS: the therapeutic dilemma [Editorial]. Chest. 1990;97:1025. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lovelace Medical Center Albuquerque, NM 87108 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTreatment of sepsis and septic shock: A review 15 December 1990Volume 113, Issue 12Page: 991-992KeywordsPulmonary capillary wedgeResuscitationShock Issue Published: 15 December 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Right Precordial Lead (V4R) ST-Segment Elevation is Associated With Worse Prognosis in Patients With Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alon Barsheshet, Hanoch Hod, Dan Oieru, Ilan Goldenberg, Amir Sandach, Roy Beigel, Michael Glikson, Micha S. Feinberg, Michael Eldar, Shlomi Matetzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)