tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Studies in the African Pygmy
Authors: T. J. Merimee, D. L. Rimoin, L. L. Cavalli-Sforza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Major metabolic effects of human growth hormone (HGH) were assessed in the African Babinga pygmy. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose concentrations were measured in pygmies, HGH-deficient dwarfs, Bantu tribesmen, and Caucasian controls after each received 4 mg of HGH intravenously over a 20 min period. Pygmies had an early decrease of plasma FFA and glucose concentration, but did not exhibit a later lipolytic response. In neighboring Bantu tribesmen, American controls, and HGH-deficient dwarfs, both the early and late responses to intravenous HGH were present. The failure of plasma FFA concentration to increase in the pygmy after intravenous HGH was not due to a generalized defect in lipolysis since a normal lipolytic response was obtained with epinephrine (2 mug/min for 20 min).Pygmies, like HGH-deficient dwarfs, had significantly reduced insulin responses to both oral glucose and arginine. Insulin secretion was significantly reduced when compared with either Bantu tribesmen or American controls and was not altered by 2 wk of a high carbohydrate/high protein diet. HGH treatment in pygmies (5 mg b.i.d. for 5 days) failed to augment either glucose or arginine-induced insulin secretion. Glucagon consistently caused normal insulin secretion in HGH-deficient dwarfs and was, likewise, effective in each pygmy studied. In two offspring from different pygmy mothers and Bantu fathers, insulin responses to glucose were initially normal and increased in a normal manner after HGH treatment. In previous studies, HGH failed to reduce serum urea nitrogen concentration in pygmies. Sulfation factor was found to be normal. A consideration of the data in toto is consistent with a hypothesis that the metabolic findings in the pygmy may result from partial nonresponsiveness to either HGH or to a factor generated by HGH. This defect is not transmitted as either an autosomal or sex-linked dominant trait.
Gastric Cancer in Colombia. III. Natural History of Precursor Lesions 2
Authors: Pelayo Correa, Carlos Cuello, Edgar Duque, Luis Carlos Burbano, Fernando T. Garcia, Oscar Bolanos, Charles Brown, William Haenszel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Gastric Cancer in Colombia. III. Natural History of Precursor Lesions Get access Pelayo Correa, Pelayo Correa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carlos Cuello, Carlos Cuello Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edgar Duque, Edgar Duque Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Luis Carlos Burbano, Luis Carlos Burbano Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fernando T. Garcia, Fernando T. Garcia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Oscar Bolanos, Oscar Bolanos Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles Brown, Charles Brown Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Haenszel William Haenszel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 5, November 1976, Pages 1027–1035, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.5.1027 Published: 01 November 1976 Article history Received: 23 December 1975 Accepted: 05 April 1976 Published: 01 November 1976
Book: Champion of Women and the Unborn: Horatio Robinson Storer, MD
Authors: J. Cayley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Frederick N Dyer Science History Publications, $39.95, pp 626 ISBN 0 88135 266 7 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Horatio Robinson Storer (1830–1922) is a historical figure to cause indignation among supporters of a woman's right to choose contraception and abortion. He motivated the American Medical Association into a “physicians' crusade” against abortion in 19th century United States. The resulting antiabortion legislation did untold harm or untold good, depending on your viewpoint, and the Supreme Court did not revoke much of it until 1973. He was as much against contraception, holding that all available methods—including “use of a sponge, cold injections, the employment of condoms or the so-called womb guard, or that … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Reactions Among Children and Adolescents After the 1999 Earthquake in Ano Liosia, Greece
Authors: Alexandra Roussos, Armen K. Goenjian, Alan M. Steinberg, Christina Sotiropoulou, Marina Kakaki, Christos Kabakos, Stavroula Karagianni, Vagelis Manouras
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the severity of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among children and adolescents 3 months after the 1999 earthquake in Ano Liosia, Greece, and additionally assessed the relationship of these reactions to objective and subjective features of earthquake exposure, sex, school level, postearthquake difficulties, death of a family member, and thoughts of revenge. METHOD: This school-based study of 1,937 students was conducted in two differentially exposed cities (Ano Liosia, at the epicenter, and Dafni, 10 kilometers from the epicenter) with an earthquake exposure questionnaire, the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Reaction Index, and the Depression Self-Rating Scale. RESULTS: Endorsement of earthquake-related exposure items between the two cities was congruent with the extent of earthquake impact in each city. Median PTSD Reaction Index scores were significantly higher in Ano Liosia. The estimated rates of PTSD and clinical depression for both cities combined were 4.5% and 13.9%, respectively. Depression, subjective and objective earthquake-related experiences, and difficulties at home accounted for 41% of the variance in severity of PTSD reactions. PTSD score was the single most powerful variable predicting depression (36% of the variance), with only sex making a small but significant additional contribution. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting large-scale school-based postdisaster mental health screening for planning intervention strategies. The present findings regarding PTSD and depression indicate the need to provide targeted specialized postdisaster mental health services to subgroups with significant levels of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions after an earthquake of moderate intensity.
Renal and Adrenal Relationships in Refractory Edema
Authors: EDWARD KESSLER, JAMES G. HILTON, M. ROBERT LEVY
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The relationships between the excretion of sodium and water and adrenal activity in patients with refractory edema have been investigated. Experiments have been performed over a prolonged period with varying doses and combinations of spironolactone, prednisone, hydrochlorothiazide, Su4885, and ACTH. In four patients with Laennec's cirrhosis with ascites the effects of prednisone on the excretion of water and solute were studied during maximum water diuresis. The results indicate that diuretic agents may increase the excretion of sodium without water within certain undefined limits. This effect probably resulted from the delivery to the concentrating segment of an amount of sodium inadequate to dissipate the gradients favoring water reabsorption. Prednisone appeared to have a dual effect: one on the excretion of water, the other on the excretion of sodium. The effects on sodium and water did not appear to be related. The effects of prednisone on the excretion of water support the concept that the glucocorticoids exert an effect on water in the renal tubules rather than on the posterior pituitary. Prednisone enhanced sodium excretion only when given together with another diuretic agent. It is suggested that the failure of prednisone alone to increase sodium excretion resulted from a blockade of ACTH secretion and, thereby, the adrenal synthetic pathway of aldosterone, whereas the renal aldosterone-stimulating pathway continued to function. The potentiating effect of prednisone on the excretion of sodium becomes apparent only when aldosterone activity is overcome in the renal tubules by the natriuretic effects of various diuretics. It is considered possible that renal aldosterone-stimulating hormone acts only under more intense stimuli to edema formation.
Drug Misusers in Police Custody: A Prospective Survey
Authors: J Jason Payne-James, Peter J Dean, Derek W Keys
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

Approximately 11% of individuals seen by forensic medical examiners in police custody in London are drug misusers. This prospective survey using an anonymized structured questionnaire attempted to define some of the characteristics of this selected group of drug misusers. The study was undertaken in Metropolitan Police Service stations (London, UK) within the area covered by Group IV Forensic Medical Examiners. One hundred and fifty consecutive drug misusers in police custody were assessed. Of these individuals 77% used heroin; 30% used both heroin and cocaine regularly; 72% were injecting drugs; 32% were being prescribed drugs (e.g. methadone) by general practitioners or drug agencies. Those individuals prescribed drugs spent a similar amount per day on illicit drugs as those who were not (100.30 pounds versus 106 pounds). Four per cent of individuals were HIV-positive; 25.7% were hepatitis-B positive. Only 9.7% were aware that prophylaxis for hepatitis-B was possible. Seventy-four per cent had served previous prison sentences and of those 82% had used class A controlled drugs whilst serving the sentence. It is concluded that drug misusers seen in police custody tend to be recidivists. It seems that some clear means of identifying and ensuring referral and attendance at an appropriate agency may be the only way to break the cycle of drug misuse, prison and further drug misuse in this highly (self) selected group of patients.
Severity assessment tools for predicting mortality in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: J. D. Chalmers, A. Singanayagam, A. R. Akram, P. Mandal, P. M. Short, G. Choudhury, V. Wood, A. T. Hill
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> International guidelines recommend a severity-based approach to management in community-acquired pneumonia. CURB65, CRB65 and the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) are the most widely recommended severity scores. The aim of this study was to compare the performance characteristics of these scores for predicting mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to MOOSE (meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology) guidelines. PUBMED and EMBASE were searched (1980–2009). 40 studies reporting prognostic information for the PSI, CURB65 and CRB65 severity scores were identified. Performance characteristics were pooled using a random effects model. Relationships between sensitivity and specificity were plotted using summary receiver operator characteristic (sROC) curves. <h3>Results</h3> All three scores predicted 30 day mortality. The PSI had the highest area under the sROC curve, 0.81 (SE 0.008), compared with CURB65, 0.80 (SE 0.008), p=0.1, and CRB65, 0.79 (0.01), p=0.09. These differences were not statistically significant. Performance characteristics were similar across comparable cut-offs for low, intermediate and high risk for each score. In identifying low risk patients, PSI (groups I and II) had the best negative likelihood ratio 0.08 (0.06–0.12) compared with CURB65 (score 0–1) 0.21 (0.15–0.30) and CRB65 (score 0), 0.15 (0.10–0.22). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There were no significant differences in overall test performance between PSI, CURB65 and CRB65 for predicting mortality from community-acquired pneumonia.
Fluticasone propionate compared with budesonide: a double-blind trial in asthmatic children using powder devices at a dosage of 400 microg x day(-1)
Authors: JC Hoekx, G Hedlin, W Pedersen, R Sorva, K Hollingworth, J Efthimiou
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aim of this study was to compare fluticasone propionate (FP) with budesonide (BUD) at a dose of 400 microg x day(-1) in the treatment of children with asthma. Two hundred and twenty nine children with mild-to-moderate asthma, currently receiving 200-400 microg x day(-1) of inhaled corticosteroid, were randomized to receive either 400 microg x day(-1) of FP from the Diskhaler (registered trade mark of the Glaxo Group of Companies) or 400 microg x day(-1) of BUD from the Turbuhaler (registered trade mark of Astra Pharmaceuticals Ltd) for 8 weeks, in a parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study. Primary efficacy was assessed by measurement of daily peak expiratory flow (PEF). In addition, pulmonary function tests were performed at each clinic visit and a self-administered patient-centred questionnaire was completed by one parent of each patient at the start and end of study treatment. Mean morning PEF increased following treatment both with FP and BUD, but was significantly higher following treatment with FP during Weeks 1-4 (p=0.015) and Weeks 1-8 (p=0.019). Similar results were found for mean evening PEF and percentage predicted morning and evening PEF. Children receiving FP experienced significantly less disruption in their physical activities (i.e. sports, games) because of their asthma compared to children treated with BUD (p=0.03). Mean cortisol levels increased in both groups, but the increase was significantly higher in the FP group at 4 weeks (p=0.022). Serum and urine markers of bone formation and resorption changed very little and showed no consistent pattern of change. Fluticasone propionate at a dosage of 400 microg x day(-1) from the Diskhaler provided a more rapid and greater improvement in lung function in children with mild-to-moderate asthma than BUD 400 microg day(-1) from the Turbuhaler. Both treatments were well-tolerated, with a similar safety profile.
Lipid Pattern in Experimental Canine Atherosclerosis
Authors: MARION A. GUIDRY, JACK C. GEER, WILLIAM B. ROBERTSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of feeding cholesterol alone, thiouracil alone, and cholesterol and thiouracil combined, on the serum lipids and arteries of dogs. These substances were added to a basal diet rich in linoleic acid. Serum cholesterol and total serum lipids were determined periodically during the four-month period of feeding, and serum and tissue lipids obtained at necropsy were fractionated and analyzed by silicic acid column and gas chromatography. During the period of feeding the experimental diets, three levels of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia were produced. The smallest increase over control levels occurred in the animals receiving cholesterol alone; an intermediate increase was produced in those receiving thiouracil alone; and the greatest increase occurred in the group receiving both cholesterol and thiouracil. The lipemia was proportional to the cholesterolemia in each of the experimental groups. Only those dogs receiving both cholesterol and thiouracil developed arterial lesions.
Prescribing Oral Contraceptives for Women Older Than 35 Years of Age
Authors: Christine Seibert, Ellen Barbouche, Julie Fagan, Erane Myint, Tosha Wetterneck, Melaura Wittemyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

This paper addresses the use of combined oral contraceptives in women older than 35 years of age, including the potential risks and benefits, pretreatment assessment, common side effects and their management, appropriate follow-up, and diagnosis of menopause. The case-based discussion also focuses on issues that pertain to women who smoke, have hypertension, or have dyslipidemia.
Diseases of the Eye. A Hand-book of Ophthalmic Practice for Students and Practitioners.
Authors: George Edmund De Schweinitz
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cimetidine inhibits in vivo growth of human colon cancer and reverses histamine stimulated in vitro and in vivo growth.
Authors: W J Adams, J A Lawson, D L Morris
Journal: Gut (1994)

The effect of histamine and cimetidine on the growth of four human colon cancer cell lines was studied. Histamine significantly stimulated the uptake of tritiated thymidine in vitro in a dose dependent manner, to a maximum of 120% and 116% of controls for C170 and LIM2412, respectively. This effect was antagonised by cimetidine, but not diphenhydramine. Histamine also stimulated a dose dependent increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in C170 cells, antagonised by cimetidine. When grown as subcutaneous xenografts in Balb/c nu/nu mice, cimetidine had a significant inhibitory effect on the same two cell lines. The final volume of C170 tumours in animals given cimetidine was 44% of controls. This response was dose dependent, plateauing at a cimetidine dose of 50 mg/kg/day. The final volume of LIM2412 tumours in animals given cimetidine was 60% of controls. Histamine administered locally by a mini-osmotic pump stimulated C170 tumour growth to 164% of controls, was antagonised by cimetidine at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day, but not by lower concentrations. Histamine has a trophic effect on at least two colorectal cancer cell lines in vivo and in vitro. As this effect is antagonised by cimetidine, it may be mediated via tumour histamine type 2 receptors.
Proximate Composition of Fresh Vegetables.
Authors: C. Chatfield, G. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply to M.-E. Percival et al and L.B. Saltz
Authors: John D. Hainsworth, David R. Spigel, Mark S. Rubin, Ralph V. Boccia, F. Anthony Greco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Last, and most importantly, the design of the trial presented is insufficient to establish (or refute) the claim that molecular profiling should be regarded as standard practice in CUP.Such a claim would require a trial that directly demonstrates that use of expression profiling improves outcome, and such a trial has yet to be performed.Overstatement of the accomplishments of the current trial risks fostering the dual misperceptions that a truly definitive trial is either not needed or is unfeasible, neither of which is the case.A trial in which patients with CUP are randomly assigned to best empiric therapy versus expression profile-directed therapy, or some similar design, remains needed, appropriate, and what our patients deserve.In its absence we cannot refute the null hypothesis that there is no value added, or assert that there is no harm incurred, for the time, invasiveness, and expense of obtaining the tissue, performing the molecular analysis, and treating on the basis of that analysis.
How to read a paper: Papers that tell you what things cost (economic analyses)
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1997)

As in all walks of life, clinical academic medicine has many vested interests, some acting for the greater good, some not.Socrates has a penchant for sniffing out pretension and sectional interest.Hippocrates is a thoughtful, gentlemanly physician unaccustomed to ensnarement by Socratic wiles, and when he and Socrates meet one day in the marketplace in Athens the following conversation about the state of clinical academic medicine ensues.It is not a dialogue for the timid.socrates: Hippocrates, you are looking rather down in the mouth.What's up? hippocrates: I am having a sabbatical from my clinical labours to spend time thinking about medical academic and scientific matters.socrates: How interesting.I had always thought of you as a proper doctor, not an academic one.hippocrates: Sometimes, Socrates, you can be so wounding.How can I explain to you the difference between an everyday hardworking physician in service and one who, while active in clinical work, also has an obligation to teach and by original research to forward his subject?socrates: Are not research and practice compatible?hippocrates: To some extent they are.Indeed, those who are not labelled "clinical academics," if they are enthusiastic clinicians with a love of order, can and do study their patients and make important and useful contributions to practice.socrates: How does that differ from the sort of research you do? hippocrates: I have always been interested in the molecular causes of disease.socrates: What use is that?hippocrates: Without such understanding, there can be no rational progress towards treatments and cures as yet undiscovered.