tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of quinidine on the sodium current of guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Evidence for a drug-associated rested state with altered kinetics.
Authors: D J Snyders, L M Hondeghem
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

In guinea pig cardiac myocytes quinidine (20 microM) caused less than 10% tonic block reduction of the sodium current at -120 mV, but a fast pulse train reduced it more than 90%. Recovery from use-dependent block was time and voltage dependent, and was always slow (tau = 34 +/- 10 seconds at -160 mV; tau = 90 +/- 35 seconds at -120 mV; n = 15, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001, paired t test). However, in association with repeated activation a fast component of recovery from block was observed: use-dependent unblocking. Availability of sodium channels for use-dependent unblocking was enhanced by hyperpolarization until a plateau was reached near -160 mV. Compared with the availability of drug-free sodium channels (h-curve), the voltage dependence of availability for use-dependent unblocking (h'-curve) was shifted by about 30 mV to more negative potentials, and its slope was reduced 2.5-fold. At -160 mV, the kinetics of development of availability of sodium channels for use-dependent unblocking were rapid (tau less than 10 msec). Depolarization to -120 mV reduced the availability of sodium channels for fast unblocking with a time constant of 191 +/- 46 msec (n = 14). Finally, block established by frequent brief depolarizations (activations) declined during prolonged inactivation. From these results we concluded that the time and voltage dependence of the availability of sodium channels for unblocking are considerably different from the availability for activation of drug-free channels, that rested drug-associated channels do exist, and that drug-associated channels do not conduct (or at least have a greatly reduced conductance) upon activation unless they first unblock. Furthermore, activated and inactivated channels have a different affinity for quinidine, and since quinidine can occupy the channel receptor even when "guarded," our results are incompatible with the guarded receptor hypothesis but can be explained within the framework of the modulated receptor hypothesis.
My Most Informative Error
Authors: Ami Schattner
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Educational supervision: A new challenge
Authors: Aza Abdulla
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

I read with interest the article by Lloyd and Becker on paediatric SpRs' views of educational supervision and supervisors (JRSM 2007:100;375-8).1 It highlights the problem of educational supervision not only among paediatric SpRs, but perhaps across the whole of spectrum of postgraduate training. It is important to note that educational supervision (as distinct from clinical supervision) is a relatively new concept to the UK. Although it was recommended at the time of creation of the specialist training,2 clinical and educational supervision often went hand-in-hand and the terms have been (and still are) used interchangeably.3 More recently Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) has attempted to establish a clear demarcation between the two and identify a set of responsibilities for each role.4

The educational supervisor is responsible for providing adequate support to the trainee for the development of their learning requirements and ensuring that appropriate training opportunities are made available to acquire the necessary competencies. Through a regular appraisal process the educational supervisor should also ensure that the trainee follows a programme which meets the educational objectives as laid down by the training body. Learning outcomes are discussed and agreed with the trainee, as well as the clinical supervisor in charge of that period of training when appropriate. Unlike the clinical supervisor, the educational supervisor may not be in direct clinical interaction with the trainee but should have a good overview of training needs. This does not mean that the same person cannot do both, though it is arguable that it is best to separate the two posts and responsibilities.

Educational supervision therefore requires time, dedication and, more importantly, adequate training to qualify for the role. Although it is recommended that educational supervisors should have an understanding of educational theories and practical educational techniques including constructive feedback, communication skills and dealing with difficulties, regrettably this is not the case. It is a matter of fact that all consultants are expected to become qualified educational supervisors with minimal training or interest. Furthermore, even those who are qualified in education find themselves taking on this role with little or no time allocation in their job plans and as an add-on to their clinical commitments. Few would disagree that very little investment has been made in this area. One of the major challenges facing postgraduate education is meeting educational demands through formal training in educational supervision. This admittedly would require time and resources. Until then it may be advisable to limit educational supervision to those qualified to do so and with adequate time allocation.
The Cyclophilin A–CD147 complex promotes the proliferation and homing of multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Di Zhu, Zhongqiu Wang, Jian-Jun Zhao, Teresa Calimeri, Jiang Meng, Teru Hideshima, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Yue Kang, Scott B Ficarro, Yu-Tzu Tai, Zachary Hunter, Douglas McMilin, Haoxuan Tong, Constantine S Mitsiades, Catherine J Wu, Steven P Treon, David M Dorfman, Geraldine Pinkus, Nikhil C Munshi, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Jarrod A Marto, Kenneth C Anderson, Ruben D Carrasco
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Rectal mucosal plasma cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: B B Scott, A Goodall, P Stephenson, D Jenkins
Journal: Gut (1983)

To achieve optimum staining and reproducible counts of plasma cells in paraffin embedded tissue with the immunoperoxidase technique we have found it essential to obtain a plateau count by titration of antisera for each specimen. This modification was used to study IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgG plasma cells in rectal biopsies from 20 controls, 20 patients with ulcerative proctocolitis, 20 with Crohn9s colitis, 20 with non-specific proctitis, 15 with bacterial colitis, and seven with Crohn9s disease but no apparent large bowel involvement. Counts were correlated with the characteristic histological features of inflammatory bowel disease. In controls the ratio of the mean counts for IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgG plasma cells was 8:3:3:1. All types of plasma cells were very significantly increased in the patients with ulcerative proctocolitis, Crohn9s colitis, and non-specific proctitis and counts correlated with the severity of inflammation. There was no significant difference between the counts in these three groups. All counts tended to be higher in bacterial colitis than in controls, the difference being significant for IgA and IgE. When matched for severity of inflammation there was no significant difference between the counts in bacterial colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. The counts in patients with Crohn9s disease but no large bowel involvement were not significantly different from controls. These results suggest that changes in plasma cell counts in inflammatory bowel disease are a non-specific response to mucosal damage, possible by a luminal irritant, and do not differentiate the type of inflammatory bowel disease.
Effectiveness of Partial Hospitalization in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Anthony Bateman, Peter Fonagy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effectiveness of psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization with standard psychiatric care for patients with borderline personality disorder. METHOD: Thirty-eight patients with borderline personality disorder, diagnosed according to standardized criteria, were allocated either to a partially hospitalized group or to a standard psychiatric care (control) group in a randomized controlled design. Treatment, which included individual and group psychoanalytic psychotherapy, was for a maximum of 18 months. Outcome measures included the frequency of suicide attempts and acts of self-harm, the number and duration of inpatient admissions, the use of psychotropic medication, and self-report measures of depression, anxiety, general symptom distress, interpersonal function, and social adjustment. Data analysis used repeated measures analysis of covariance and nonparametric tests of trend. RESULTS: Patients who were partially hospitalized showed a statistically significant decrease on all measures in contrast to the control group, which showed limited change or deterioration over the same period. An improvement in depressive symptoms, a decrease in suicidal and self-mutilatory acts, reduced inpatient days, and better social and interpersonal function began at 6 months and continued until the end of treatment at 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization is superior to standard psychiatric care for patients with borderline personality disorder. Replication is needed with larger groups, but these results suggest that partial hospitalization may offer an alternative to inpatient treatment.
Pathobiology of Transfusion Reactions
Authors: James C. Zimring, Steven L. Spitalnik
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2015)

Antibody-induced hemolytic transfusion reactions were first described over 300 years ago. Indeed, during its early evolution, transfusion medicine focused almost exclusively on issues in immunohematology to prevent such events. However, despite the best of efforts to avoid them, incompatible transfusions still occur, through both error and an inability to obtain compatible red blood cells for patients who are alloimmunized against multiple antigens. Because transfusing units of incompatible blood is potentially lethal, studies on human volunteers are not ethical. Thus, understanding of hemolytic transfusion reactions is generated through clinical cases, animal models, inference from related human pathologies, or studies using small volumes of transfused red blood cells. Over the past several decades, substantial new knowledge has been accumulated regarding the mechanisms of hemolysis, the metabolism of products of hemolysis, and the effects of both on recipient biology. Using these data sources, this article traces the historical generation of this knowledge and describes recent advances.
A National Pulmonary Hypertension Service for England &amp; Wales: an orphan disease is adopted?
Authors: T W Evans
Journal: Thorax (2002)

In pulmonary hypertension (PH) resting mean pulmonary artery pressure exceeds 25 mm Hg at rest or 30 mm Hg during exercise.PH may complicate many different clinical disease processes or may develop as a primary phenomenon (PPH).Post mortem studies estimate the prevalence to be 1300 per million. 1The incidence of PPH
Melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure in the treatment of vitiligo: The experience of an academic medical center in the United States
Authors: Richard H. Huggins, Marsha D. Henderson, Sanjeev V. Mulekar, David M. Ozog, Holly A. Kerr, Gordon Jabobsen, Henry W. Lim, Iltefat H. Hamzavi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF SEX PSYCHOPATH LAWS
Authors: KARL M. BOWMAN, BERNICE ENGLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Our review of the status of sex psychopath path laws, brought up to date, shows the addition of special laws in 3 states, Florida, Iowa and West Virginia, bringing the total number to 27 jurisdictions. The laws in a dozen or so states have been changed or revised, varying from a whole new law in Illinois to minor changes in New Hampshire and other states. Several states reported bills for revision pending. Appellate court decisions, in general, support the constitutionality of these laws and the trial procedures. Trends in the laws and their administration point to more satisfactory treatment results than reported earlier; a low rate of recidivism; more use of probation, at times with outpatient psychiatric treatment and supervision; release of patients on parole as good risks; and the extension in a few states of diagnostic studies and treatment to persons convicted of serious crimes other than sex crimes. We acknowledge gratefully the help and cooperation of many state agencies in supplying us with current information on sex offense legislation.
A Space–Time Permutation Scan Statistic for Disease Outbreak Detection
Authors: Martin Kulldorff, Richard Heffernan, Jessica Hartman, Renato Assunção, Farzad Mostashari
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

The ability to detect disease outbreaks early is important in order to minimize morbidity and mortality through timely implementation of disease prevention and control measures. Many national, state, and local health departments are launching disease surveillance systems with daily analyses of hospital emergency department visits, ambulance dispatch calls, or pharmacy sales for which population-at-risk information is unavailable or irrelevant.
Hazard in Use of Beaver Ventilator
Authors: E. H. Franks
Journal: BMJ (1959)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Medical Joumnat It would be clearly impracticable to maintain a centrat tuberculosis register and a central tuberculosis laboratory fo the whole of Engbmd, but it is suggested that a centre incorporating these servies could be established for the area of a regionad hospil board, together with setective mass.radiography and intenive vaccination under a unified conarol Cocsideation should be given to annual x--ay ex:miaatie as a canditioa of appoms t.ea of sdbok stall aad tdwr special categoies, and to greater use of exising powers under Section 172 of the Public Health Act, 19X3 for the isolation of open, cases.My thans are due to the Danish Govemment four a scholarship.which enabled me to carry oGa thes sties; to the Emsex County Counil and the Urban District Councils of Chigwellf and Walthnm Holy Cts, which, as m,y employing ath6orle%es, generousLy granted Me special leave-of absence; and to nmmrous.coliegues here.si in Denmark, who kindly gave me n: h of their valuable time and facilities for study.REIERENCES
CBA/N X-linked B-cell defect prevents NZB B-cell hyperactivity in F1 mice.
Authors: J D Taurog, H M Moutsopoulos, Y J Rosenberg, T M Chused, A D Steinberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

NZB mice and their F1 hybrids produce excessive polyclonal IgM and autoantibodies of both IgM and IgG classes. CBA/N mice and CBA/N-mothered F1 males fail to make antibody to many T-independent antigens and have low levels of serum IgM; further, these mice lack a population of splenic B cells characterized by a low-to-intermediate density of surface IgM. We have studied male CBA/N, NZB, CBA/N X NZB, NZB X CBA/N, and CBA/J mice; female CBA/N X NZB mice; and males of several control crosses of NZB and CBA/N mice. We have found that the CBA/N X-linked defect of T-independent immune response is completely expressed in CBA/N X NZB mice. In marked contrast to NZB mice and to NZB mice and to NZB F1 hybrids bearing at least one normal X chromosome, the CBA/N X NZB males failed to respond to two T-independent antigens, had small numbers of splenic IgM-producing cells, barely detectable splenic IgM production, and splenic B-cell surface-Ig patterns resembling those of CBA/N mice. These data suggest that the NZB B-cell abnormality resulting in excessive IgM production occurs almost exclusively in that population of B cells affected by the CBA/N X chromome-linked defect. Preliminary studies suggest that CBA/N X chromosome retards the spontaneous development of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies in CBA/N X NZB males. Castration, known to accelerate autoimmune disease in certain NZB F1 males, appears to have no influence on the immune functions examined in this study.
CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Responses to Mycobacterial Antigens in African Children
Authors: Nontobeko G. Tena-Coki, Thomas J. Scriba, Nomathemba Peteni, Brian Eley, Robert J. Wilkinson, Peter Andersen, Willem A. Hanekom, Beate Kampmann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: The current tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), does not provide adequate protection against TB disease in children. Furthermore, more efficacious TB vaccines are needed for children with immunodeficiencies such as HIV infection, who are at highest risk of disease.Objectives: To characterize mycobacteria-specific T cells in children who might benefit from vaccination against TB, focusing on responses to antigens contained in novel TB vaccines.Methods: Whole blood was collected from three groups of BCG-vaccinated children: HIV-seronegative children receiving TB treatment (n = 30), HIV-infected children (n = 30), and HIV-unexposed healthy children (n = 30). Blood was stimulated with Ag85B and TB10.4, or purified protein derivative, and T-cell cytokine production by CD4 and CD8 was determined by flow cytometry. The memory phenotype of antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells was also determined.Measurements and Main Results: Mycobacteria-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were detectable in all three groups of children. Children receiving TB treatment had significantly higher frequencies of antigen-specific CD4 T cells compared with HIV-infected children (P = 0.0176). No significant differences in magnitude, function, or phenotype of specific T cells were observed in HIV-infected children compared with healthy control subjects. CD4 T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2, or both expressed a CD45RA−CCR7−CD27+/− effector memory phenotype. Mycobacteria-specific CD8 T cells expressed mostly IFN-γ in all groups of children; these cells expressed CD45RA−CCR7−CD27+/− or CD45RA+CCR7−CD27+/− effector memory phenotypes.Conclusions: Mycobacteria-specific T-cell responses could be demonstrated in all groups of children, suggesting that the responses could be boosted by new TB vaccines currently in clinical trials.
Diabetic Nephropathy and Microalbuminuria in Pregnant Women With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Julie Agner Damm, Björg Ásbjörnsdóttir, Nicoline Foged Callesen, Jonathan M. Mathiesen, Lene Ringholm, Berit Woetmann Pedersen, Elisabeth R. Mathiesen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To evaluate the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and microalbuminuria in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes in comparison with type 1 diabetes and to describe pregnancy outcomes in these women following the same antihypertensive protocol.Among 220 women with type 2 diabetes and 445 women with type 1 diabetes giving birth from 2007-2012, 41 women had diabetic nephropathy (albumin-creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/g) or microalbuminuria (albumin-creatinine ratio 30-299 mg/g) in early pregnancy. Antihypertensive therapy was initiated if blood pressure ≥135/85 mmHg or albumin-creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/g.The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was 2.3% (5 of 220) in women with type 2 diabetes and 2.5% (11 of 445) in women with type 1 diabetes (P = 1.00). The figures for microalbuminuria were 4.5 (10 of 220) vs. 3.4% (15 of 445) (P = 0.39). Baseline glycemic control was comparable between women with type 2 diabetes (n = 15) and type 1 diabetes (n = 26). Blood pressure at baseline was median 128 (range 100-164)/81 (68-91) vs. 132 (100-176)/80 (63-100) mmHg (not significant) and antihypertensive therapy in type 2 versus type 1 diabetes was used in 0 and 62%, respectively, at baseline, increasing to 33 and 96%, respectively, in late pregnancy. Pregnancy outcome was comparable regardless type of diabetes; gestational age at delivery: 259 days (221-276) vs. 257 (184-271) (P = 0.19); birth weight 3,304 g (1,278-3,914) vs. 2,850 (370-4,180) (P = 0.67).The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and microalbuminuria in early pregnancy was similar in type 2 and type 1 diabetes. Antihypertensive therapy was used more frequently in type 1 diabetes. Pregnancy outcome was comparable regardless type of diabetes.
A STUDY OF PARATYPHOID BACILLI ISOLATED FROM CASES OF HOG-CHOLERA
Authors: Carl Tenbroeck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

During the course of some experimental work on hog-cholera, paratyphoid bacilli were isolated from 16 per cent of the pigs. Culturally these organisms are the same as paratyphoid 18 isolated from man, while they show several differences from hog-cholera bacilli. In their slight pathogenic effect on rabbits they also differ from the hog-cholera bacillus. In their agglutination in sera produced by the injection of living cultures, one of the cultures, isolated from a chronic case, corresponds to Bacillus enteritidis, while the other five are apparently in a class by themselves. They resemble paratyphoid ß more closely than hog-cholera bacilli, but the type of clumps formed and absorption experiments show that they are different from either. Whether these differences are enough to make it necessary to put them into a class by themselves is questionable, but the fact that when injected into rabbits they produce an immunity to the hog-cholera bacillus, while paratyphoid ß does not, is additional evidence in favor of such a classification. Complement fixation experiments have been of little value in differentiating the members of this group, but on the contrary show their close relationship. It seems probable that some of the cultures that are described in the literature as hog-cholera bacilli really belong to this group, which would account for much of the confusion that exists in the classification of the interesting, truly pathogenic bacillus that at one time was thought to be the cause of hog-cholera and in the series of animals with which we have worked has not appeared once. Whether the ingestion of pork containing these bacilli would cause disease in man is a question that can only be decided by a more careful bacteriological study of the organisms causing food poisonings and paratyphoid fever.