tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute chikungunya virus infection and asthma
Authors: F. Paganin, C. Tasset, P. Poubeau, V. Cochet, G. Borgherini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Acute chikungunya virus infection and asthmaTo the Editors:From March 2005 to June 2006, Re ´union Island, a French overseas territory in the Indian Ocean, faced an explosive chikungunya outbreak (a mosquito-borne disease caused by an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family).It was estimated that about 300,000 people were affected by the disease [1].Many patients experienced related chikungunya disease symptoms (fever, polyarthralgia, skin rashes, diarrhoea, vomiting).To date, there are no studies describing a respiratory tract involvement due to chikungunya infection.During this period, many patients complained of respiratory symptoms such as de novo dyspnoea or a worsening of various respiratory symptoms in patients with asthma.We hypothesised that acute chikungunya infection (ACI) may induce airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and therefore increases symptoms of asthma.
Dermoscopy compared with naked eye examination for the diagnosis of primary melanoma: a meta-analysis of studies performed in a clinical setting
Authors: M.E. Vestergaard, P. Macaskill, P.E. Holt, S.W. Menzies
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique that enables the clinician to perform direct microscopic examination of diagnostic features, not seen by the naked eye, in pigmented skin lesions. Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy has previously been assessed in meta-analyses including studies performed in experimental and clinical settings. Objectives To assess the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for the diagnosis of melanoma compared with naked eye examination by performing a meta-analysis exclusively on studies performed in a clinical setting. Methods We searched for publications from 1987 to January 2008 and found nine eligible studies. The selected studies compare diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy with naked eye examination using a valid reference test on consecutive patients with a defined clinical presentation, performed in a clinical setting. Hierarchical summary receiver operator curve analysis was used to estimate the relative diagnostic accuracy for clinical examination with, and without, the use of dermoscopy. Results We found the relative diagnostic odds ratio for melanoma, for dermoscopy compared with naked eye examination, to be 15·6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·9–83·7, P = 0·016]; removal of two outlier studies changed this to 9·0 (95% CI 1·5–54·6, P = 0·03). Conclusions Dermoscopy is more accurate than naked eye examination for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in suspicious skin lesions when performed in the clinical setting.
Training-overtraining: performance, and hormone levels, after a defined increase in training volume versus intensity in experienced middle- and long-distance runners.
Authors: M Lehmann, U Gastmann, K G Petersen, N Bachl, A Seidel, A N Khalaf, S Fischer, J Keul
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

Performance and hormones were determined in eight middle- and nine long-distance runners after an increase in training volume (ITV, February 1989) or intensity (ITI, February 1990). Seven runners participated in both studies. The objective was to cause an overtraining syndrome. The mean training volume of 85.9 km week-1 increased within 3 weeks to 176.6 km week-1 during ITV and 96-98% of training volume was performed as long-distance runs at mean(s.d.) 67(8)% of maximum capacity. Speed endurance, high-speed and interval runs averaging 9 km week-1 increased within 3 weeks to 22.7 km during ITI, and the total volume increased from 61.6 to 84.7 km. A plateau in endurance performance and decrease in maximum performance occurred during ITV, probably due to overtraining, with performance incompetence over months. Nocturnal catecholamine excretion decreased markedly (47-53%), contrary to exercise-related plasma catecholamine responses, which increased. Resting and exercise-related cortisol and aldosterone levels decreased. Improvement in endurance and maximum performance occurred during ITI indicating a failure to cause an overtraining syndrome in ITI. Decrease in noctural catecholamine excretion was clearly lower (9-26%), exercise-related catecholamine responses showed a significant decrease, cortisol and aldosterone levels remained almost constant, exercise-related prolactin levels decreased slightly. There were no differences in insulin, C-peptide, free testosterone, somatotropic hormone (STH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The decrease in nocturnal catecholamine excretion during ITV might indicate a decrease in intrinsic sympathetic activity in exhausted sportsmen. But it remains open whether this reflected a central nervous system incompetence.
Absolute and Relative Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Men With Prostate Cancer: Results From the Population-Based PCBaSe Sweden
Authors: Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Hans Garmo, Lars Holmberg, Erik Ingelsson, Ola Bratt, Anna Bill-Axelson, Mats Lambe, Pär Stattin, Jan Adolfsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a potential adverse effect of endocrine treatment (ET) for prostate cancer (PC). We investigated absolute and relative CVD risk in 76,600 patients with PC undergoing ET, curative treatment, or surveillance.PCBaSe Sweden is based on the National Prostate Cancer Register, which covers more than 96% of PC cases. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia, heart failure, and stroke were calculated to compare observed and expected (using total Swedish population) numbers of CVD, taking into account age, calendar time, and previous CVD.Between 1997 and 2007, 30,642 patients with PC received primary ET, 26,432 curative treatment, and 19,527 surveillance. SIRs for CVD were elevated in all men with the highest for those undergoing ET, independent of circulatory disease history (SIR MI for men without circulatory disease history: 1.40 [95% CI, 1.31 to 1.49], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.31], and 1.20 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.30] for men undergoing ET, curative treatment, and surveillance, respectively). Absolute risk differences (ARD) showed that two (arrhythmia) to eight (IHD) extra cases of CVD would occur per 1,000 person-years. SMRs showed similar patterns, with ARD of zero (arrhythmia) to three (IHD) per 1,000 person-years.Increased relative risks of nonfatal and fatal CVD were found among all men with PC, especially those treated with ET. Because ET is currently the only effective treatment for metastatic disease and the ARDs were rather small, our findings indicate that CVD risk should be considered when prescribing ET but should not constitute a contraindication when the expected gain is tangible.
Inhibition of multiplication of Toxoplasma gondii by human monocytes exposed to T-lymphocyte products.
Authors: J S Borges, W D Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The multiplication of Toxoplasma gondii was quantitated in human monocytes in vitro by phase-contrast microscopy. Toxoplasma multiplication was identical in monocytes from subjects byt was significantly inhibited in cells from both sources if the monocytes were preincubated with immune lymphocytes and toxoplasma monocytes were preincubated with immune lymphocytes and toxoplasma antigen. Supernates prepared from toxoplasma-immune lymphocytes incubated with toxoplasma antigen were also effective in inducing in monocytes the capacity to inhibit toxoplasma multiplication. Supernative acitivty was evident after lymphocytes and antigen were incubated for as little as 15 min. The instruction of monocytes was also repid and reversible. Monocytes were fully induced to inhibit toxoplasma multiplication after a 2 h exposure to an active supernate, but they lost their inhibitory capacity on culture in vitro for 48 h in the absece of immune cells or their products. The lymphocytes particupating in the monocyte induction were identified as t cells. The in vitro stimulation of monocytes appeared to exhibit some specificity, since no inhibition of toxopreotein derivative and lymphocytes from tuberculin-positive subjects, concanavalin a-stimulated lymphocytes, or their supermates. Supernates which induced monocytes to inhibit toxoplasma multiplication did not influence parasite growth in HeLa cells.
The global burden of gout: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study
Authors: Emma Smith, Damian Hoy, Marita Cross, Tony R Merriman, Theo Vos, Rachelle Buchbinder, Anthony Woolf, Lyn March
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Mitotic errors lead to aneuploidy, a condition of karyotype imbalance, frequently found in cancer cells. Alterations in chromosome copy number induce a wide variety of cellular stresses, including genome instability. Here, we show that cancer cells might exploit aneuploidy-induced genome instability to survive under conditions of selective pressure, such as chemotherapy. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs was dictated by the acquisition of recurrent karyotypes, indicating that gene dosage, together with mutational burden, might play a role in driving chemoresistance. Thus, our study establishes a causal link between aneuploidy-driven genome instability and chemoresistance and might explain why some chemotherapies fail to succeed.
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Maurice Brodie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. A single intracutaneous inoculation with a subinfective dose of the virus of poliomyelitis produces considerable immunity. 2. Virus-serum combinations produce an appreciable immunity, providing just sufficient serum is used to protect the animal from paralysis. If there is an excess of serum, the degree of immunity is considerably reduced.
Distribution of Coronary Artery Calcium Scores by Framingham 10-Year Risk Strata in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
Authors: Tochi M. Okwuosa, Philip Greenland, Hongyan Ning, Kiang Liu, Diane E. Bild, Gregory L. Burke, John Eng, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Placebo found equivalent to amoxicillin for treatment of acute bronchitis in Nairobi, Kenya: a triple blind, randomised, equivalence trial
Authors: V N Nduba, C W Mwachari, A S Magaret, D R Park, A Kigo, T M Hooton, C R Cohen
Journal: Thorax (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> Antibiotic treatment is not recommended for acute bronchitis in immunocompetent patients in industrialised countries. Whether these recommendations are relevant to the developing world and to immunocompromised patients is unknown. <h3>Design, setting and participants:</h3> Randomised, triple blind, placebo controlled equivalence trial of amoxicillin compared with placebo in 660 adults presenting to two outpatient clinics in Nairobi, Kenya, with acute bronchitis but without evidence of chronic lung disease. <h3>Main outcome measure:</h3> The primary study end point was clinical cure, as defined by a ⩾75% reduction in a validated Acute Bronchitis Severity Score by 14 days; analysis was by intention to treat with equivalence defined as ⩽8% difference between study arms. <h3>Results:</h3> Clinical cure rates in the amoxicillin and placebo arms were 81.7% and 84.0%, respectively (difference 2.3%, 95% CI −8.6% to 4.0%). Of 131 HIV infected subjects (19.8%), cure rates for those randomised to amoxicillin (77.2%) and placebo (83.8%) differed by 6.6% (95% CI −21.7% to 8.6%). Among HIV uninfected subjects, the difference in cure rates was 1.6% (95% CI −8.5% to 5.3%). Potential drug side effects were similar in the two arms. No subjects required hospitalisation or died. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Antibiotic treatment of acute bronchitis is unhelpful, even in populations with a high prevalence of HIV infection.
Prognostic factors associated with liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: C. Duvoux, L. Traissac, F. Roudot-Thoraval, C. Vandelemmens, F. Conti, G. Pageaux, D. Cherqui, D. Dhumeaux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Mobilization of mercury and arsenic in humans by sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS).
Authors: H V Aposhian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS, Dimaval) is a water-soluble chelating agent that can be given by mouth or systemically and has been used to treat metal intoxication since the 1960s in the former Soviet Union and since 1978 in Germany. To better approximate the body burdens of Hg and As in humans, DMPS-Hg andDMPS-As challenge tests have been developed. The tests involve collecting an overnight urine, administering 300 mg DMPS at zero time, collecting the urine from 0 to 6 hr, and determining the urinary Hg before and after DMPS is given. The challenge test, when applied to normal college student volunteers with and without amalgam restorations in their mouths, indicated that two-thirds of the Hg excreted in the urine after DMPS administration originated in their dental amalgams. In addition, there was a positive linear correlation between the amalgam score (a measure of amalgam surface) and urinary Hg after the challenge test. When the DMPS-Hg challenge test was used to study dental personnel occupationally exposed to Hg, the urinary excretion of Hg was 88, 49, and 35 times greater after DMPS administration than before administration in 10 dental technicians, 5 dentists, and 13 nondental personnel, respectively. DMPS also was used to measure the body burden of humans with a history of drinking water containing 600 microgram As/liter. DMPS administration resulted in a tripling of the monomethylarsonic acid percentage and a halving of the dimethylarsinic acid percentage as related to total urinary As. Because South American animals studied were deficient in arsenite methyltransferase, a hypothesis is presented that arsenite and arsenite methyltransferase may have had a role in the evolution of some South American animals.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE IN ANTIMALARIAL CHEMOTHERAPY: The Unmet Challenge
Authors: Ravit Arav-Boger, Theresa A. Shapiro
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2004)

▪ Abstract The enormous public health problem posed by malaria has been substantially worsened in recent years by the emergence and worldwide spread of drug-resistant parasites. The utility of two major therapies, chloroquine and the synergistic combination of pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, is now seriously compromised. Although several genetic mechanisms have been described, the major source of drug resistance appears to be point mutations in protein target genes. Clinically significant resistance to these agents requires the accumulation of multiple mutations, which genetic studies of parasite populations suggest arise focally and sweep through the population. Efforts to circumvent resistance range from the use of combination therapy with existing agents to laboratory studies directed toward discovering novel targets and therapies. The prevention and management of drug resistance are among the most important practical problems of tropical medicine and public health. Leonard J. Bruce-Chwatt, 1972
Prediction of Sjögren's Syndrome Years Before Diagnosis and Identification of Patients With Early Onset and Severe Disease Course by Autoantibody Profiling
Authors: Elke Theander, Roland Jonsson, Bitte Sjöström, Karl Brokstad, Peter Olsson, Gunnel Henriksson
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective Autoantibodies are highly characteristic of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and represent important tools for studying its pathogenesis. Nonetheless, thus far, no systematic investigations have assessed the presence of autoantibodies before diagnosis. This study was undertaken to analyze how early and in what order autoantibodies appear, how predictive they are of primary SS, and whether they identify disease subsets. Methods A nested case–control design linking data from the Malmö primary SS registry and 3 Swedish healthcare biobanks was applied. In all, 175 serum samples obtained from 117 individuals before diagnosis of primary SS and 1 serum sample from each of 117 matched controls were analyzed for antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), rheumatoid factor (RF), and antibodies against Ro 60/SSA, Ro 52/SSA, and La/SSB. Results Considering all patients with primary SS who were autoantibody positive after diagnosis, at least one autoantibody specificity was detected in 81% up to 20 years (median 4.3–5.1 years) before diagnosis. Those found most often were ANAs, followed by RF, anti–Ro 60/SSA, anti–Ro 52/SSA, and anti‐La/SSB. Anti‐Ro/SSA and anti‐La/SSB antibodies were strongly associated with the risk of developing primary SS, especially early‐onset disease and a severe disease course. When Bayesian prior prevalence estimates for primary SS were included in the calculation, prediagnostic anti–Ro 60/SSA and anti–Ro 52/SSA had the highest positive predictive values (25% and 100%, respectively). Conclusion Our findings indicate that autoantibodies are present for up to 18–20 years before the diagnosis of primary SS, but we cannot exclude even earlier seropositivity, since for most patients, the earliest sample analyzed was positive. In families with multiple cases of autoimmune disease, autoantibody profiling, along with assessment of genetic risk, enables identification of susceptible individuals in a predisease state.
PI3K/AKT Signaling Is Essential for Communication between Tissue-Infiltrating Mast Cells, Macrophages, and Epithelial Cells in Colitis-Induced Cancer
Authors: Mohammad W. Khan, Ali Keshavarzian, Elias Gounaris, Joshua E. Melson, Eric C. Cheon, Nichole R. Blatner, Zongmin E. Chen, Fu-Nien Tsai, Goo Lee, Hyunji Ryu, Terrence A. Barrett, David J. Bentrem, Philipp Beckhove, Khashayarsha Khazaie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: To understand signaling pathways that shape inflamed tissue and predispose to cancer is critical for effective prevention and therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We have explored phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity in human inflammatory bowel diseases and mouse colitis models. Experimental Design: We conducted immunostaining of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and unbiased high-throughput image acquisition and quantitative analysis of samples of noninflamed normal colon, colitis, dysplasia, and colorectal cancer. Mechanistic insights were gained from ex vivo studies of cell interactions, the piroxicam/IL-10−/− mouse model of progressive colitis, and use of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Results: Progressive increase in densities of pAKT-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and increase in densities of mast cells in the colonic submucosa were noted with colitis and progression to dysplasia and cancer. Mast cells recruited macrophages in ex vivo migration assays, and both mast cells and TAMs promoted invasion of cancer cells. Pretreatment of mast cells with LY294002 blocked recruitment of TAMs. LY294002 inhibited mast cell and TAM-mediated tumor invasion, and in mice, blocked stromal PI3K, colitis, and cancer. Conclusion: The PI3K/AKT pathway is active in cells infiltrating inflamed human colon tissue. This pathway sustains the recruitment of inflammatory cells through a positive feedback loop. The PI3K/AKT pathway is essential for tumor invasion and the malignant features of the piroxicam/IL-10−/− mouse model. LY294002 targets the PI3K pathway and hinders progressive colitis. These findings indicate that colitis and progression to cancer are dependent on stromal PI3K and sensitive to treatment with LY294002. Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2342–54. ©2013 AACR.
Human Nerve Growth Factor Protects Common Marmosets against Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Switching the Balance of T Helper Cell Type 1 and 2 Cytokines within the Central Nervous System
Authors: Pablo Villoslada, Stephen L. Hauser, Ilse Bartke, Jurgen Unger, Nathan Heald, Daniel Rosenberg, Steven W. Cheung, William C. Mobley, Stefan Fisher, Claude P. Genain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), in which an immune attack directed against myelin constituents causes myelin destruction and death of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells. Here, the efficacy of nerve growth factor (NGF), a growth factor for neurons and oligodendrocytes, in promoting myelin repair was evaluated using the demyelinating model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the common marmoset. Surprisingly, we found that NGF delayed the onset of clinical EAE and, pathologically, prevented the full development of EAE lesions. We demonstrate by immunocytochemistry that NGF exerts its antiinflammatory effect by downregulating the production of interferon gamma by T cells infiltrating the CNS, and upregulating the production of interleukin 10 by glial cells in both inflammatory lesions of EAE and normal-appearing CNS white matter. Thus, NGF, currently under investigation in human clinical trials as a neuronal trophic factor, may be an attractive candidate for therapy of autoimmune demyelinating disorders.
A novel c.545-546insG mutation in the loricrin gene correlates with a heterogeneous phenotype of loricrin keratoderma
Authors: S. Song, C. Shen, G. Song, X. Mao, G. Yan, X. Wang, M. Yan, N. Zhong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article A novel c.545–546insG mutation in the loricrin gene correlates with a heterogeneous phenotype of loricrin keratoderma Get access S. Song, S. Song Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai‐Dian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Shen, C. Shen Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai‐Dian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Song, G. Song The Hospital of Botou City, Hebei, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Mao, X. Mao The Hospital of Botou City, Hebei, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Yan, G. Yan Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai‐Dian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Wang, X. Wang Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai‐Dian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Yan, M. Yan Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai‐Dian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Zhong N. Zhong Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai‐Dian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaNew York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, U.S.A. Correspondence: Nanbert Zhong. E‐mail: PUCMG@PKU.edu.cn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 3, 1 September 2008, Pages 714–719, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08657.x Published: 01 September 2008