tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Status Syndrome
Authors: Michael G. Marmot
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Paclitaxel releasing films consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and their potential as biodegradable stent coatings
Authors: Ulrich Westedt, Matthias Wittmar, Michael Hellwig, Phillip Hanefeld, Andreas Greiner, Andreas K. Schaper, Thomas Kissel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
CONTRASTING ALTERATIONS IN CEREBRAL AND PERIPHERAL PERFUSION DURING HOT FLASHES; A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR POSTMENOPAUSAL VASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: C Thomas, OA Kletzky, ERJ Kiltz, E Cabus, I Mena
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Division of Nuclear Medicine and Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
Abstract P6-07-19: Prognostic relevance of PR and detection mode in Luminal Her-2 negative breast cancer
Authors: O Brouckaert, B Van Calster, R Paridaens, H Wildiers, E Van Limbergen, C Weltens, M-R Christiaens, P Neven
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Although known to hold prognostic value, PR status is not used to discriminate luminal A from luminal B HER2 negative breast cancers. We will here assess whether PR (and also detection mode) is an independent prognostic variable in luminal HER2 negative breast cancer and whether the prognostic value of PR is grade dependent. Patients and methods: Primary operable breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1/1/2000 and 31/12/2009 treated in UZ Leuven were retrieved from the prospectively managed database (n = 4318). Her-2 status was missing in 93 and ER/PR in 2 patients. Of the remaining patients, 3330 were luminal (ER and/or PR positive) HER2 negative (full cohort details: Brouckaert O., et al. Ann Oncol. 2012 Apr 6). Missing values were observed in 137 patients (4.1%), and these were imputed using ‘multivariate imputation by chained equations’. A competing risks proportional hazards model was used for multivariable analysis (includes age, size, grade, screening, palpability, nodal status, histology, type of surgery, radiotherapy, endocrine and chemotherapy) of distant metastasis free interval (DMFI) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS). We used a predefined set of predictors, investigated non-linearity of the predictor effects, checked the proportional hazards assumption, and tested for interactions with grade. Results: Median follow-up was 76 months and 5-year survival probability 93%. PR is an independent prognostic variable but this is grade dependent for DMFI, but not for BCSS (interaction p = 0.15), although PR positivity was mainly protective for grade 3 breast cancers again (table 1). Palpability is a strong prognostic variable for DMFI and BCSS and was strongly correlated with screen detection (yes/no) and here, we found no evidence of grade dependency. Conclusion: PR status and palpability may further refine prognosis of patients with luminal HER2 negative breast cancers. For PR, prognostic value is grade dependent, but for palpability, this is grade independent. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-19.
DEMONSTRATION OF AN EPITHELIAL ANTIGEN IN COLON BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODIES FROM CHILDREN WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: Ove Broberger, Peter Perlmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Thirteen sera from children with ulcerative colitis were examined for antibodies reacting with constituents of human colonic tissue by means of immunofluorescent methods. 3 out of 10 sera reacted positively when tested by the direct staining method while 6 out of 13 reacted positively when tested by the indirect method with conjugates of rabbit anti-human gamma globulin. The specificity of the reactions could be confirmed by inhibition tests. 16 sera from healthy children and adults yielded completely negative results. The staining capacity of various sera was correlated to their hemagglutinating titer when they were tested with sheep erythrocytes, coated with phenol-water extract of human colon. Absorption experiments indicated that the stainable antigen was also present in the extracts used for the hemagglutination experiments. In unfixed tissue sections, fluorescent antibodies were adsorbed onto the epithelial cells of the mucosa. Adsorption on epithelial basement membranes could not be demonstrated. Fluorescent H agglutinins, isolated from eel serum, were adsorbed onto the same mucosal structures of human colon (blood group O) as the antibodies in the sera of patients with ulcerative colitis. However, any immunological relationship between H substance and the colonic antigen of ulcerative colitis could be ruled out by cross-inhibition and hemagglutination inhibition experiments. Fluorescent serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis also stained sections of human colon but the localization of the stainable antigens was different from that visualized with the ulcerative colitis sera. Inhibition experiments indicated that the rheumatoid arthritis serum contained antibodies staining colon antigens different from those reacting with antibodies in the ulcerative colitis sera. Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or with the nephrotic syndrome, which all hemagglutinated erythrocytes coated with colon extract, did not stain the sections of the colon tissue either because of suboptimal antibody concentration or because of a difference in type or localization of the antigen.
Albumin synthesis rates in cirrhosis: Correlation with child-turcotte classification
Authors: Peter E. Ballmer, Dominic Walshe, Margaret A. McNurlan, Heather Watson, Peter W. Brunt, Peter J. Garlic
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Albumin-synthesis rates were measured in nine patients with stable cirrhosis and compared with those of eight healthy volunteers by means of a new technique using stable isotopes. Four grams of L-[1-13C]leucine was injected over 10 min, and blood samples were drawn at intervals. Serum free [13C]leucine enrichment, taken to be the precursor for albumin synthesis, and 13C enrichment of leucine in albumin, isolated with differential solubility in absolute ethanol from trichloracetic acid-precipitated serum proteins, were measured on mass spectrometry. Albumin synthesis, expressed as a fractional rate, was 7.9% +/- 0.3%/day in the controls and 7.9% +/- 1.1%/day in the cirrhotic patients. Albumin synthesis, expressed as an absolute rate, was lower in the cirrhotic group (cirrhotic, 119 +/- 17 mg/kg/day; controls, 146 +/- 8 mg/kg/day), but because of the relatively small number of patients the difference was not significant. However, the absolute rate of albumin synthesis significantly correlated with the Child-Turcotte score (p = 0.024) and its Pugh modification (p = 0.027). The rate of albumin synthesis also correlated with serum phenylalanine concentration but not with serum albumin concentration and intravascular albumin mass or with other clinical indexes of liver function or integrity when taken separately. However, the significant correlation between albumin synthesis and Child score suggests that albumin synthesis might be useful for the clinical judgment of patients with cirrhosis.
Doctors call for changes in the law to allow use of second hand cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Eighty one adults in Mumbai, India, have been given second hand implantable cardioverter defibrillators, removed from adults in the United States, doctors from the two countries have reported. 

Collaborating doctors arranged their own transport for the devices, which were taken from the US to the Holy Family Hospital in Mumbai, where they were cleaned, sterilised, and given to informed patients who were too poor to afford a new cardioverter defibrillator.

Behzad Pavri, from the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, and his colleagues report few complications—one fractured lead, and one dislodged lead—and no infections, in a …
Prevalence and Heritability of Compulsive Hoarding: A Twin Study
Authors: Alessandra C. Iervolino, Nader Perroud, Miguel Angel Fullana, Michel Guipponi, Lynn Cherkas, David A. Collier, David Mataix-Cols
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: Compulsive hoarding is a serious health problem for the sufferers, their families, and the community at large. It appears to be highly prevalent and to run in families. However, this familiality could be due to genetic or environmental factors. This study examined the prevalence and heritability of compulsive hoarding in a large sample of twins. Method: A total of 5,022 twins completed a validated measure of compulsive hoarding. The prevalence of severe hoarding was determined using empirically derived cutoffs. Genetic and environmental influences on compulsive hoarding were estimated using liability threshold models, and maximum-likelihood univariate model-fitting analyses were employed to decompose the variance in the liability to compulsive hoarding into additive genetic and shared and nonshared environmental factors (female twins only; N=4,355). Results: A total of 2.3% of twins met criteria for caseness, with significantly higher rates observed for male (4.1%) than for female (2.1%) twins. Model-fitting analyses in female twins showed that genetic factors accounted for approximately 50% of the variance in compulsive hoarding, with nonshared environmental factors and measurement error accounting for the other half. Conclusions: Compulsive hoarding is highly prevalent and heritable, at least in women, with nonshared environmental factors also likely to play an important role.
AIDS Vaccines Inch Closer to Useful Existence
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

CANDIDATE vaccines for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in several clinical trials in the United States and abroad. Notwithstanding the formidable host of factors that militate against development of an effective prophylactic for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a growing number of researchers are hopeful about eventual success. Under the aegis of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) or another governmental agency, investigators are working at more than a dozen academic medical centers, most as part of NIAID's National Cooperative Vaccine Development Groups or Vaccine Evaluation Units. The vaccines that are described herein have all been tested in animals— most in monkeys and some in chimpanzees—and found to be safe and immunogenic to some degree against HIV. Only two so far have been found to protect against infection. The urgent need for an AIDS vaccine has accelerated their movement
SOME NEWER METHODS OF REDUCING THE MORTALITY OF OPERATIONS ON THE PELVIC ORGANS
Authors: GEORGE W. CRILE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Since the inauguration of the aseptic era the mortalityrate in abdominal operations has been falling steadily and to-day there are practically no deaths from simple abdominal operations for conditions unaccompanied by organic disease or infections.  This reduced mortality-rate is due in part to an improvement in technic, but very largely to the exercise of an increasingly critical judgment on the part of the surgeon in his selection of cases.  The technic has become standardized for such routine operations as the removal of benign tumors of the pelvic organs and for operations for chronic pyosalpinx, procidentia, prolapsus uteri, etc. The rare fatalities which occur in these apparently favorable cases result from some unforeseen and as yet uncontrollable factors such as embolism.  The results secured by the individual surgeon have cometherefore to depend on two factors: his mastery of general operative technic and his policy in the selection of cases for operation.
Size of Gas Exchange Vessels in the Lung *
Authors: Marvin A. Sackner, Khalil A. Feisal, Daniel N. Karsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Sequential values for vessels from 0.0008 to 0.019 cm in diameter; representative values for larger vessels.t With pulmonary blood flow of 1.2 L per minute.* BTPS = body temperature, pressure, saturated; STPD -standard temperature, pressure, dry.§ Assuming pulmonary capillary surface area of 6.7 m2.
Time- and Dose-Related Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Its Main Metabolites on the Function of the Rat Fetal Testis <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: François Chauvigné, Arnaud Menuet, Laurianne Lesné, Marie-Christine Chagnon, Cécile Chevrier, Jean-François Regnier, Jürgen Angerer, Bernard Jégou
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Endocrine-disrupting effects of phthalates are understood primarily from in utero exposures within the fetal rat testis. Nevertheless, their path of action, dose-response character, and cellular target(s) within the fetal testis are not known.In this study we investigated the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and several of their metabolites on the development of organo-cultured testes from rat fetus.We removed testes from 14.5-day-old rat fetuses and cultured them for 1-3 days with or without DEHP, MEHP, and the metabolites.DEHP (10(-5) M) produced a proandrogenic effect after 3 days of culture, whereas MEHP disrupted testis morphology and function. Leydig cells were the first affected by MEHP, with a number of them being inappropriately located within some seminiferous tubules. Additionally, we found a time- and dose-dependent reduction of testosterone. By 48 hr, gonocyte proliferation had decreased, whereas apoptosis increased. Sertoli cell number was unaffected, although some cells appeared vacuolated, and production of anti-Müllerian hormone decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The derived metabolite mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate was the only one to cause deleterious effects to the rat fetal testis in vitro.We hope that this in vitro method will facilitate the study of different phthalate esters and other endocrine disruptors for direct testicular effects.
Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Multivitamin Supplementation at the Initiation of HAART on HIV Disease Progression and Mortality in Tanzania
Authors: Sheila Isanaka, Ferdinand Mugusi, Claudia Hawkins, Donna Spiegelman, James Okuma, Said Aboud, Chalamilla Guerino, Wafaie W. Fawzi
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Large randomized trials have previously shown that high-dose micronutrient supplementation can increase CD4 counts and reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression and mortality among individuals not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); however, the safety and efficacy of such supplementation has not been established in the context of HAART.To test the hypothesis that high-dose multivitamin supplementation vs standard-dose multivitamin supplementation decreases the risk of HIV disease progression or death and improves immunological, virological, and nutritional parameters in patients with HIV initiating HAART.A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of high-dose vs standard-dose multivitamin supplementation for 24 months in 3418 patients with HIV initiating HAART between November 2006 and November 2008 in 7 clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. INTERVENTION The provision of daily oral supplements of vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and vitamin E at high levels or standard levels of the recommended dietary allowance.The composite of HIV disease progression or death from any cause.The study was stopped early in March 2009 because of evidence of increased levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) in patients receiving the high-dose multivitamin supplement. At the time of stopping, 3418 patients were enrolled (median follow-up, 15 months), and there were 2374 HIV disease progression events and 453 observed deaths (2460 total combined events). Compared with standard-dose multivitamin supplementation, high-dose supplementation did not reduce the risk of HIV disease progression or death. The absolute risk of HIV progression or death was 72% in the high-dose group vs 72% in the standard-dose group (risk ratio [RR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.04). High-dose supplementation had no effect on CD4 count, plasma viral load, body mass index, or hemoglobin level concentration, but increased the risk of ALT elevations (1239 events per 1215 person-years vs 879 events per 1236 person-years; RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11-1.87) vs standard-dose supplementation. CONCLUSION In adults receiving HAART, use of high-dose multivitamin supplements compared with standard-dose multivitamin supplements did not result in a decrease in HIV disease progression or death but may have resulted in an increase in ALT levels.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00383669.
Fever: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Alberto Lifshitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 December 1994Fever: Blessing or Curse?Alberto Lifshitz, MDAlberto Lifshitz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00040 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his fascinating article, Mackowiak [1] proposes an attractive hypothesis for the continuing debate on the teleologic question of fever as a friend or an enemy. This hypothesis reconciles the results of experimental and clinical studies that show fever both as friend and foe. However, it is important to note that in some of the studies attributing organic damage to fever, the damage is actually caused by hyperthermia, a well-known mechanism of injury [2]. In hyperthermia, no defenses against aggression are activated, liberation of cytokines is not implicated, and prostaglandin synthesis is not involved. Instead, a dysfunction ...References1. Mackowiak PA. Fever: blessing or curse? A unifying hypothesis. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:1037-40. Google Scholar2. Stitt JT. Fever versus hyperthermia. Federation Proceedings. 1979; 38:39. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 12Page: 984KeywordsAggressionCytokinesFeversHyperthermiaProstaglandinStrokeTemperature Issue Published: 15 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Calcification of the Ear Cartilage Associated with the Hypercalcemia of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Jack M. Batson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

CALCIFIED ear cartilages are rarely encountered.They have been reported most often in patients who were otherwise well,1 2 3 4 but on occasion they have been found in patients with metabolic disorders.1 , 5 6 7 Although calcification of other cartilaginous structures have been reported in hypercalcemic states, calcification of the pinnae has not been described, nor has hypercalcemia been reported in any case of calcification of the ear cartilages.The following case is of additional interest in that the patient was known to have had sarcoidosis and hypercalcemia with renal impairment nine years before adrenocorticosteroids were given, and his renal function did not deteriorate appreciably . . .
Partial Ablation of Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma by Angiography: Documentation With Tc-99m Sestamibi Scintigraphy
Authors: GERHARD H. SIMON, PHILIP LAKRITZ, LEONARD M. FREEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

An 81-year-old man was diagnosed as having primary hyperparathyroidism and consequently had two adenomatous parathyroid glands removed. Postoperatively, the patient remained asymptomatic. Subsequent blood tests revealed hypercalcemia and increased parathormone(PTH) levels consistent with recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Tc-99m sestamibi imaging revealed a large parathyroid adenoma in the superior anterior mediastinum. Due to the patient's age, an angiographic embolization of the tumor was attempted. The thyrocervical trunk was selectively catheterized and a total of 30 cc of renographin 76 was administered. Although an extreme vascular blush was noted within the mediastinum, persisting for approximately 45 minutes, the PTH level remained elevated after the procedure, suggesting an unsuccessful ablation. A follow-up Tc-99m sestamibi scan 4 days after the angiographic intervention demonstrated persistent, but less intense, uptake with a central photopenic area indicating only partial embolization of the adenoma's blood supply, resulting in subsequent partial infarction of the central region. The patient underwent elective surgery and a well-circumscribed 8-g adenoma measuring 2.5 x 2.5 x 1.5 cm was removed. A large zone of infarction was noted, confirming the scintigraphic diagnosis.