tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FDA inspections find unsafe practices in compounding pharmacies
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Inspections of 31 compounding pharmacies have found numerous safety violations, the US Food and Drug Administration reports.1

Compounding firms are licensed to combine, mix, and otherwise alter drug ingredients to create prescription drugs tailored to the needs of an individual patient.2 The inspections were conducted in response to an outbreak of fungal meningitis and abscesses in 2012 that were linked to methylprednisolone acetate products used for spinal and paraspinal injections prepared by New England Compounding Center, a Massachusetts compounding firm.3

By 8 April this year, a total of 733 cases (including 53 deaths) linked to the injections had been reported in 20 states.

Although the FDA has some authority over compounding pharmacies, the firms are licenced by state pharmacy …
Drugs — Remarkably Nontoxic
Authors: Hershel Jick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Data accumulated by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program provide an estimate of the acute and long-term toxicity of most drugs used in adult medicine. When extrapolated to the entire American population these data suggest that adverse drug reactions in their totality yearly afflict millions of people, causing hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations, and deaths numbering in the tens of thousands. However, the rates and severity of adverse reactions to individual drugs are remarkably low in view of their pharmacologic properties. The high prevalence of drug-related morbidity and mortality primarily reflects extensive drug usage rather than the intrinsic toxic potential of particular drugs. (N Engl J Med 291:824–828, 1974)
Impression of Bathing
Authors: Mark Mosley
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Care of Patients at Increased Risk of Premature Pacemaker Failure
Authors: Lockhart B. McGuire
Journal: JAMA (1979)

During 1975 to 1977, a series of advisory notices from a pacemaker manufacturer alerted us to an increased probability of sudden, premature pacemaker failure in 217 patients. Three possible responses to these recalls were used among these patients: prophylactic pulse generator change, increased surveillance without pulse generator change, and routine surveillance with replacement only after pacing failure. During the three years after implantation of these pulse generators, 30 sudden failures and 19 incidents of rate decrease indicating impending failure were observed; all were corrected by pulse generator replacement. Among the 50 deaths were six for whom terminal pacemaker status information was inadequate, but overall mortality was not notably different from other pacing series. Consideration of recalls should include projected frequency of failure, expected mode of failure, patient dependence on pacing, and presence of coexisting diseases.
Effects of chronic treatment by amiodarone on transmural heterogeneity of canine ventricular repolarization in vivo: interactions with acute sotalol
Authors: J Merot
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The present study was designed to examine the effects of chronic amiodarone on the different ventricular cell subtypes in situ and to evaluate its interactions with sotalol. Methods: Three groups of dogs were studied. Group I (n=8) received no treatment. Group II (n=7) and group III (n=8) received, respectively, 100 and 200 mg amiodarone orally twice a day for 6 weeks to 8 months. In vivo studies were performed under halothane anesthesia 14 h after the last administration of amiodarone. Three leads ECG, femoral blood pressure and left ventricular intramural monophasic action potentials (MAP) were continuously recorded. Bradycardia was obtained by clamping the sinus node and β-blockade and the heart was driven by atrial pacing. Three weeks before the in vivo experiments, the cellular electrophysiologic properties of right ventricular tissues obtained by cardiac biopsy in six treated and six control dogs were studied with standard microelectrodes. Results: Amiodarone produced a dose-dependent decrease in plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3; 5.9±0.4 pM in control dogs, 3.1±0.2 pM in group III, P<0.001) without affecting thyroxine (T4). Under anesthesia, the QT interval was 14% larger in group III compared to group I at a paced cycle length (PCL) of 1500 ms (P<0.05). This is consistent with the 10% increase in endocardial MAP duration in group III at the same PCL (P<0.05). There was no significant increase in transmural dispersion of MAP duration. In group I, sotalol induced a significant reverse use-dependent increase in MAP duration. This effect was reduced in group II and completely suppressed in group III. Amiodarone prevented the sotalol-induced increase in transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization which was 69±12 ms in untreated dogs, 41±8 ms in group II (P<0.05) and 34±8 ms (P<0.05) in group III at PCL=1500 ms. Amiodarone also prevented the sotalol-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In vitro, the action potential duration was longer in amiodarone-treated dogs that in control ones (208±5 ms versus 188±9 ms at PCL=1000 ms, P<0.05).The sotalol-induced prolongation of repolarization was reduced in amiodarone-treated dogs. Conclusion: Chronic treatment of dogs with amiodarone induced a moderate prolongation of the QT interval and MAP duration without affecting transmural dispersion of repolarization and inhibited the effects of acute sotalol, including the prolongation of repolarization, the increase in transmural dispersion of repolarization and the induction of arrhythmias.
Usefulness of Tc-99m RBC SPECT/MRI Fusion Imaging in Small Suspected Hepatic Hemangiomas
Authors: Raúl Martínez-Lázaro, Pedro Domínguez, Javier Pascau, Angel Bittini, Javier Lafuente, Manuel Desco
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Evaluation of Tc-99m red blood cell (RBC) SPECT in suspected hemangioma of the liver shows a high sensitivity and specificity when lesions are larger than 2 cm, and allows for the discrimination between hemangioma and other hepatic lesions. However, its major limitation arises with small size lesions. The accuracy of Tc-99m RBC SPECT in small suspected hemangiomas of the liver might improve the registration and fusion of 3-dimensional images from Tc-99m RBC SPECT and MRI. The authors report a patient presenting with a small suspected hepatic hemangioma, for whom this technique played a crucial role in establishing the final diagnosis.
Treatment of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Narrative Exposure Therapy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Astrid Pabst, Maggie Schauer, Kirstin Bernhardt, Martina Ruf, Robert Goder, Rotraudt Rosentraeger, Thomas Elbert, Josef Aldenhoff, Mareen Seeck-Hirschner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)
Abstract 520: Local changes in tissue microenvironment regulate mammary tumor progression
Authors: Silva Krause, Heather Tobin, Amy Brock, Donald E. Ingber
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most prominent cancers in women with approximately 40,000 women dying each year of the disease in the United States alone. Although cancer has a strong genetic basis, the tissue microenvironment also plays a significant role in tumor formation and progression. To explore this process in greater detail, we analyzed tissue structure, cellular biochemistry and gene expression change during tumor progression in a previously developed FVB C3(1)-SV40Tag transgenic mouse model in which the females spontaneously develop mammary tumors that undergo changes in cell tissue morphology that closely mimic those observed during human breast cancer progression. Histological characterization of breast tissues isolated from 8, 12, 16 and 20 week old female mice confirmed that this model is extremely robust with normal glandular morphology being observed at 8 weeks, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) morphology appearing at 12 weeks and 16 weeks and large tumors with metastatic lesions by 20 weeks of age. More careful analysis revealed that tumor formation did not scale directly with expression of SV40 large T antigen that is the drive gene in this transgenic model, and instead appeared to be more closely related to variations in the tissue microenvironment. This was supported by the observation that the number of myoepithelial cells and expression levels of known breast cancer differentiation markers, including estrogen and progesterone receptors, varied among ducts within tissues at each time point even though the majority of epithelial cells in these ducts expressed T antigen. Gene microarray analysis of mammary tissues from these time points revealed consistent changes in genome-wide expression profiles, and several interesting candidates are currently being analyzed regarding their potential involvement in early microenvironmental changes that might drive the tumor progression. In summary, our preliminary results showed that despite expression of constitutively active large T antigen in the breast epithelial cells of these transgenic mice, we observe heterogeneous tumor formation within mammary tissues. These local variations in tumor progression may be related to regional changes in stromal and extracellular matrix components that are currently being analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis. Our long-term goal is to leverage the information we uncover through this effort to design differentiation therapies that suppress tumor cell growth, induce differentiation and hence, reverse breast cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 520. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-520
Platelet Transfusions From HL-A Compatible Unrelated Donors to Alloimmunized Patients
Authors: HANS-PETER LOHRMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Patients needing long-term platelet transfusion support become alloimmunized to transplantation (HL-A) antigens present in random-donor blood products, which results in refractoriness to platelets from unselected donors. Three thousand HL-A typed donors were used to evaluate the effectiveness of selecting unrelated platelet donors for alloimmunized patients by donor-recipient lymphocyte HL-A compatibility. Platelet transfusions from HL-A compatible donors resulted in increased platelet increments after transfusion. There was a positive correlation between the degree of donor-recipient HL-A compatibility and the transfusion response; the responses to platelets from A-matched donors (HL-A identical) and B-1-matched donors (HL-A compatible, one recipient antigen not present in the donor) were similar to platelet transfusions from HL-A identical siblings. ABO-incompatibility of HL-A compatible platelet donors did not affect the posttransfusion platelet increments. HL-A compatible platelet donors can be used effectively for transfusion support of alloimmunized patients.
Intravascular cell delivery device for therapeutic VEGF-induced angiogenesis in chronic vascular occlusion
Authors: Arun H.S. Kumar, Kenneth Martin, Brendan Doyle, Chien-Ling Huang, Gopala-Krishnan M. Pillai, Mohammed T. Ali, Kimberly A. Skelding, Shaohua Wang, Birgitta M. Gleeson, Saleem Jahangeer, Erik L. Ritman, Stephen J. Russell, Noel M. Caplice
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)

Site specific targeting remains elusive for gene and stem cell therapies in the cardiovascular field. One promising option involves use of devices that deliver larger and more sustained cell/gene payloads to specific disease sites using the versatility of percutaneous vascular access technology. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) engineered to deliver high local concentrations of an angiogenic molecule (VEGF) were placed in an intravascular cell delivery device (ICDD) in a porcine model of chronic total occlusion (CTO) involving ameroid placement on the proximal left circumflex (LCx) artery. Implanted SMC were retained within the ICDD and were competent for VEGF production in vitro and in vivo. Following implantation, micro-CT analyses revealed that ICDD-VEGF significantly enhanced vasa vasora microvessel density with a concomitant increase in tissue VEGF protein levels and formation of endothelial cell colonies suggesting increased angiogenic potential. ICDD-VEGF markedly enhanced regional blood flow determined by microsphere and contrast CT analysis translating to a functional improvement in regional wall motion and global left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. Our data indicate robust, clinically relevant angiogenesis can be achieved in a human scale porcine chronic vascular occlusion model following ICDD-VEGF-based delivery of angiogenic cells. This may have implications for percutaneous delivery of numerous therapeutic factors promoting creation of microvascular bypass networks in chronic vaso-occlusive diseases.
Exercise Training, Without Weight Loss, Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Postheparin Plasma Lipase Activity in Previously Sedentary Adults
Authors: Glen E. Duncan, Michael G. Perri, Douglas W. Theriaque, Alan D. Hutson, Robert H. Eckel, Peter W. Stacpoole
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the effects of exercise, without weight loss, on insulin sensitivity (SI), postheparin plasma lipase activity (PHPL), intravenous fat clearance rate (K2), and fasting lipids in sedentary adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—At baseline and after 6 months of walk training (intensity 45–55 or 65–75% heart rate reserve, frequency 3–4 or 5–7 days/week, duration 30 min/session), anthropometric indexes, SI, PHPL, K2, and fasting lipids were measured in 18 sedentary adults (12 women, 6 men; 51.9 ± 5.8 years of age, BMI 28.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2). RESULTS—Exercise increased SI (2.54 ± 2.74 vs. 4.41 ± 3.30 μU · ml−1 · min−1, P &amp;lt; 0.005) and both lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (1,890 ± 1,380 vs. 4,926 ± 1,858 nEq free fatty acid [FFA] · ml−1 · h−1) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities (3,326 ± 1,605 vs. 4,636 ± 1,636 nEq FFA · ml−1 · h−1) (both P &amp;lt; 0.001), without altering BMI, waist circumference, K2, or fasting lipids. Correlations between changes in LPL and the total:HDL cholesterol ratio (r = −0.54) and changes in the LPL:HL ratio and waist circumference (r = −0.50) were significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—Exercise, without weight loss, increases SI and PHPL activity in previously sedentary adults, without changing K2 or fasting lipid levels. Furthermore, increased LPL is associated with a decreased total:HDL ratio, and an increased LPL:HL ratio is associated with a decreased waist circumference. Therefore, even modest amounts of exercise in the absence of weight loss positively affect markers of glucose and fat metabolism in previously sedentary, middle-aged adults.
818 SURVIVAL IMPROVEMENT IN PIGS WITH LIVER FAILURE AND SUPERIMPOSED SEPSIS BY A NEW LIVER SUPPORT SYSTEM (HEPA WASH®)
Authors: A. Al-Chalabi, E. Matevossian, A.-K. Preissel, H. Yan, A. Geiger, E. Nairz, P. Schimmel, C. Schreiber, Z. Yang, B. Kreymann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Risk Factors for the Incidence of Breast Cancer: Do They Affect Survival From the Disease?
Authors: Gillian C. Barnett, Mitul Shah, Karen Redman, Douglas F. Easton, Bruce A.J. Ponder, Paul D. P. Pharoah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Risk factors that influence the incidence of breast cancer may also affect survival after diagnosis.Data from 4,560 women with invasive breast cancer who had taken part in the population-based Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH) breast cancer study were used to investigate the influence on survival of variables related to pregnancy, menarche and menopause, prior use of exogenous hormones, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, and alcohol intake.In univariate analyses, there was no association between prognosis and age at menarche and menopause, menopausal status at diagnosis, smoking history, or prior use of the oral contraceptive pill. Women whose most recent pregnancy was more than 30 years ago had a 35% reduced risk of dying (95% CI, 8% to 54%) compared with women who had a full-term pregnancy in the past 15 years, and the use of hormone replacement therapy for more than 4 years was associated with a similar risk reduction. BMI was associated with a 3% (95% CI, 1% to 4%) increase in mortality per unit increase. Improved prognosis was seen with increasing current alcohol consumption, with a 2% (95% CI, 1% to 3%) reduction in the risk of death per unit of alcohol consumed per week.The apparent benefit of alcohol intake has not been described before, and our data need to be interpreted with some caution. However, our finding that an increase in BMI is associated with a poorer prognosis supports previously published data and suggests that advice on weight loss should be given to all obese patients with breast cancer.
A Life Shaken: My Encounter With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: R. A. Hauser
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Pseudo-Regulation of American Psychiatry
Authors: ROBERT L. TAYLOR, E. FULLER TORREY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The self-regulation of American psychiatry has evolved into a form of professional protectionism that fails to ensure appropriate and competent psychiatric service providers. Despite an elaborate regulatory facade, the fact remains that to practice as a psychiatrist in this country requires nothing other than a medical license. The authors suggest changes in the existing regulatory process including outside representation, mandatory psychiatric certification and periodic recertification, and proficiency standards.
Alleged Insanity in the Army.
Authors: Charles Smart
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Washington, D. C., Oct. 22, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Sensational paragraphs have appeared in the daily papers concerning the prevalence of insanity among our troops in the Philippines and these paragraphs have found their way into our medical journals and have been commented on by editorial and other writers. To clear up this matter I am authorized to state to you what Surgeon-General Sternberg has said officially on this subject. A summary of his report has been given to the press, but the summary touches lightly on the question, giving merely the absolute number of cases reported. In his full report he shows that the admission rate for the army in 1898 was 1.8 per 1000 men and in 1899, 1.78. The latter rate is higher than the mean annual rate of the decade 1888-97, which was 1.7, but it was exceeded by the rate of one of the years
Intravenous gammaglobulin-associated acute renal failure
Authors: N. Gupta, I. Ahmed, S. Nissel-Horowitz, D. Patel, B. Mehrotra
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Intravenous gammaglobulins are used for the treatment of various auto-immune hematological disorders. Renal failure is a relatively rare, but an increasingly recognized side effect of gammaglobulin therapy. Although the renal failure is usually reversible, renal replacement therapy is required occasionally. A high index of suspicion, early recognition and appropriate intervention can prevent this complication. We herewith describe two patients with an immune hematological disorder, who developed acute renal failure after treatment with intravenous gammaglobulins. A brief review of the possible risk factors, pathophysiology and management of this complication is provided. Am. J. Hematol. 66:151–152, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease for the treatment of acute asthma in children
Authors: R Boogaard, F Smit, R Schornagel, A A P H Vaessen-Verberne, J M Kouwenberg, M Hekkelaan, T Hendriks, S W W Feith, W C J Hop, J C de Jongste, P J F M Merkus
Journal: Thorax (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Airway obstruction in acute asthma is the result of airway smooth muscle contraction, inflammation and mucus plugging. Case reports suggest that mucolytic therapy might be beneficial in acute asthma. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the mucolytic drug recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) in addition to standard treatment at the emergency department in children with an asthma exacerbation. <h3>Methods:</h3> In a multicentre randomised double-blind controlled clinical trial, 121 children brought to the emergency room for a moderate to severe asthma exacerbation were randomly assigned to receive either a single dose of 5 mg nebulised rhDNase or placebo following the second dose of bronchodilators. An asthma score (scale 5–15) was assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h. The primary outcome variable was the asthma score 1 h after the study medication. <h3>Results:</h3> One hour after the study medication the asthma score in the rhDNase group showed an adjusted mean decrease from baseline of 1.0 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.6) points compared with 0.7 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.2) points in the placebo group (mean difference 0.4 (95% CI −0.2 to 1.0) points; p = 0.23). The asthma score over the study period of 24 h also did not differ significantly between the rhDNase and placebo group (mean difference 0.2 (95% CI −0.3 to 0.7) points, p = 0.40). The duration of oxygen supplementation and number of bronchodilator treatments in the first 24 h were similar in both groups. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Adding a single dose of nebulised rhDNase to standard treatment in the emergency room has no beneficial effects in children with moderate to severe acute asthma.