tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angiotensinergic versus nonangiotensinergic hemodynamic effects of converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure. Assessment by acute renin and converting enzyme inhibition.
Authors: W Kiowski, J Beermann, P Rickenbacher, R Haemmerli, M Thomas, F Burkart, T Meinertz
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The contribution of nonangiotensinergic effects of converting enzyme inhibitors to their hemodynamic effects in patients with chronic heart failure is not clear. A comparison of the effects of renin and converting enzyme inhibition should help to clarify this issue. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association class II or III) were randomly assigned to receive double-blind either intravenous placebo, the renin inhibitor remikiren, or the converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat followed by coinfusion of a second placebo infusion, the addition of remikiren to enalaprilat, or the addition of enalaprilat to remikiren, respectively. Systemic hemodynamics (Swan-Ganz and radial artery catheters) were measured before (rest and submaximal recumbent bicycle ergometry), during (rest), and at the end (rest and exercise) of each 45-minute single- or combination-infusion period. Placebo did not change hemodynamics or renin activity. Effective inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system by remikiren and enalaprilat was indicated by increases of plasma immunoreactive renin together with rapid and complete inhibition of renin activity after remikiren and an increase after enalaprilat (all P &lt; or = .05). Remikiren and enalaprilat rapidly and to a similar extent reduced resting blood pressure through a reduction of systemic vascular resistance, and these changes were significantly correlated to baseline plasma renin activity. Both compounds also decreased pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary wedge, and right atrial pressures to a similar extent (P &lt; .05). During exercise, pulmonary capillary wedge and right atrial pressures were equally reduced and stroke volume index was increased with remikiren and enalaprilat (P &lt; .05) for both). The combination of converting enzyme with renin inhibition or vice versa did not cause additional hemodynamic changes. CONCLUSIONS Specific renin inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure produces short-term hemodynamic effects that are almost indistinguishable from those of converting enzyme inhibition. This finding and the lack of additional effects of converting enzyme inhibition added to renin inhibition suggest that nonangiotensinergic effects of converting enzyme inhibitors do not play a significant role in their short-term hemodynamic effects in patients with chronic heart failure.
Scar cancer of the lung
Authors: I. J. Flance
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GASTRIC SECRETION AFTER PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY
Authors: EUGENE KLEIN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The excellent results obtained after partial gastrectomy for gastric and duodenal ulcers have been attributed to the fact that in a large percentage of cases an anacidity is produced. Thus, Lorenz and Schur 1 found that 75 per cent of patients were rendered anacid. In this hospital Lewisohn 2 reported 77 per cent of anacidities. Similar results have been obtained by others.  This study was prompted by three considerations. First, if 77 per cent of the patients were rendered anacid by the operation, why was not the same result obtained in the remaining 23 per cent? Second, some gastrojejunal and jejunal ulcers have recently been reported after partial gastrectomy. Did these occur in the cases in which acidity persisted? Third, since the absence of free acid in the stomach can be effected in various ways, what was the nature of the anacidity after partial gastrectomy?  Hydrochloric acid is considered by
Perl-stent remodeling and neointimal response following intracoronary radiation therapy: a volumetric intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Hiroyuki Okura, Yasuhiro Honda, David P. Lee, Shinjou Sonoda, Mamoo Nakamura, Grzegorz L. Kaluza, Nadir M. All, Paul G. Yock, Albert E. Raizner, Peter J. Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
In the wake of Wakefield
Authors: T. Bates
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following In the wake of Wakefield Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
The Gulf War and Mental Health: A Comprehensive Guide
Authors: Landy F. Sparr
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This interesting book closely examines mental health services in the Persian Gulf War. Many of the chapter authors and editors were active participants and, as a result, give a knowledgeable, graphic, and comprehensive operational account. The book has three sections. The first, which details problems encountered in the process of organizing, preparing, deploying, and operating a credible mental health system during the Gulf War, takes up approximately 60% of the text. For the reader who is involved in the administration or organization of health services, particularly emergency response services, this book should have particular interest. The emphasis is on identifying and coping with organizational deficiencies. Those responsible for coordinating the Gulf War mental health system were presented with problems all too familiar. One author states that most division mental health sections arrived in Saudi Arabia deficient in experienced personnel, appropriate training, supplies, and equipment. Several authors mention the serendipity of
Blood thiamine and thiamine phosphate ester concentrations in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases.
Authors: M Dancy, G Evans, M K Gaitonde, J D Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Thiamine state was investigated in patients with alcoholic liver disease, patients with various non-alcoholic liver diseases, and controls using a direct technique (thiochrome assay) to measure thiamine, thiamine monophospate, and the active coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate in whole blood after isolating the fractions by ion exchange chromatography. Overall nutrition was similar in all groups as assessed by anthropometry, and no patient had clinical evidence of thiamine deficiency. There was no significant difference among the groups in mean concentration of any form of thiamine. The scatter was much greater in patients with alcoholic liver disease but only 8.7% had biochemical thiamine deficiency (defined as a blood concentration of the active coenzyme greater than 2 SD below the mean control value). An unexpected finding was of abnormally high total thiamine concentrations (greater than 2 SD above the mean control value) in 17.4% of patients with alcoholic liver disease, the highest concentrations being found in two patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated thiamine was calculated as an index of phosphorylation and, although the mean did not differ significantly among the groups, the range was greatest in alcoholic liver disease. The lowest ratios occurred in the two patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, but neither had evidence of thiamine pyrophosphate deficiency. Contrary to studies using indirect assay techniques, these results suggest that thiamine deficiency is unusual in well nourished patients with alcoholic liver disease. The new finding of unexpectedly high thiamine concentrations in some patients may be due to abnormalities of hepatic storage or release in liver disease, particularly in severe alcoholic hepatitis. There was no convincing evidence of impaired thiamine phosphorylation in any patients with liver disease. Conclusions from studies using indirect assays on the prevalence and mechanisms of thiamine deficiency in liver diseases may not be valid.
Participation of platelet-activating factor in the lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in partially hepatectomized rats
Authors: Takanori Sakaguchi, Satoshi Nakamura, Shohachi Suzuki, Toshiaki Oda, Arata Ichiyama, Satoshi Baba, Takashi Okamoto
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in regenerating rat livers. Both LPS and PAF activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), a key transcription factor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC). The aim of this study is to investigate how PAF participates in the LPS-induced and NF-kappaB-mediated regulation of TNF-alpha and CINC in regenerating rat livers. LPS (1.5 mg/kg) was intravenously administered into 70% hepatectomized rats and sham-operated rats 48 hours postoperatively. LPS administration caused a high mortality rate, scattered necrosis in the liver with infiltration of CINC-positive neutrophils, and a continuous CINC messenger RNA up-regulation and activation of NF-kappaB in the liver only in hepatectomized rats. These phenomena were all effectively prevented by pretreatment and posttreatment with a PAF receptor antagonist, TCV-309. Hepatectomized rats showed NF-kappaB staining in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and neutrophils around necrosis 4 hours after the LPS injection, representing the activation of this factor in these cells. Based on these results, we propose that PAF contributes to continuous CINC up-regulation and NF-kappaB activation via accumulation and activation of neutrophils, and thereby is involved in LPS-induced liver injury in regenerating rat livers.
Can Genes Prevent Atherosclerosis?
Authors: Jeffrey M. Hoeg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 59-year-old white woman had a blood cholesterol concentration determined on routine screening. The total plasma cholesterol level was 9.1 mmol/L (351 mg/dL). She had salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy at 44 years of age, and she had no illness indicative of cardiovascular disease. Not only was her family without evidence of premature cardiovascular disease, but she also had family members on both the maternal and paternal sides who lived long lives. Her maternal grandfather and great-grandfather lived to be 96 and 102 years of age, respectively, despite lifelong cigarette use. Her maternal grandmother lived to be 72 years old despite morbid obesity. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were not evident within this patient's kindred. After a brief trial of lovastatin, the patient was referred to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for evaluation. The patient had no medical complaints upon admission and physical examination disclosed no evidence of atherosclerotic vascular
Intrapulmonary Hemorrhage with Anemia after Lymphography
Authors: Larry M. Wiertz, Jean H. Gagnon, Nicholas R. Anthonisen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

LYMPHOGRAPHY is commonly followed by a febrile period associated with roentgenographic evidence of oil emboli in the pulmonary arterioles. More serious delayed complications have been reported.1 2 3 In the following case the development of severe anemia was due to intrapulmonary hemorrhage following lymphography.Case ReportA 41-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of gynecologic complaints 19 years after radiation treatment for carcinoma of the cervix. There was no history of hemoptysis, cough or respiratory disease; she had smoked 20 cigarettes daily for 20 years. There was no evidence of chest or pelvic disease on physical examination. Lymphography was performed . . .
Depression in General Medical Inpatients.
Authors: John J. Schwab
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Depression in General Medical Inpatients.John J. Schwab, M.D., Judith M. Brown, M.A., Charles E. Holzer, B.A., Martin R. Bialow, M.D.John J. Schwab, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Judith M. Brown, M.A.Search for more papers by this author, Charles E. Holzer, B.A.Search for more papers by this author, Martin R. Bialow, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1068_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBecause depression may exist concurrently with medical illness, detecting those patients whose emotional distress requires special attention is a complicated task for both internists and psychiatrists—misdiagnosis is a constant hazard. This clinical investigation with 153 medical inpatients (73% of all admissions during 6 consecutive weeks) assessed the frequency, ascertained important relationships with medical illness, analyzed the diagnostic value of 36 conventional depressive symptoms, and uncovered significant demographic differences. Depression was measured by four indexes: clinical diagnoses, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Rating Scale, and psychiatrists' ratings.Results showed that at least 20% of these patients were depressed. Depression varied... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John J. Schwab, M.D.; Judith M. Brown, M.A.; Charles E. Holzer, B.A.; Martin R. Bialow, M.D.Affiliations: Gainesville, Florida PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1068-1068KeywordsBeck depression inventoryDepressionInpatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE EFFECT OF DIGITALIS ON THE VENOUS PRESSURE OF NORMAL INDIVIDUALS
Authors: David A. Rytand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

That the admiinistration of digitalis in heart failure causes an increase in cardiac output (per minute and per beat) and a fall in venous pressure is well known (1).It is also well establislhed that the exhibition of digi- talis to normiial meni and dogs results in a decrease(l output (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), but (lata on venous pressure in normiial indlividuals following (ligitalis are inconclusive.Iii aliUlals.Villaret, Grelletv-Bosviel and coworkers (8) found a fall of venous pressure after intravenous injection of ouabain.Kaufmiiani (9), Popper (10), and Dock anid Taimter (5, 6) found a decreased venous pressure following intravenouis injection of strophantlhin and digitalis.Plumiiier (11) noted increasedl venous pressure after stroplhanthin and digitoxin.Yokota (12) found a smiiall decrease, greater decrease, and in- crease in venous pressure with intravenous injectioni of smiiall, mediullm, and large doses, respectively, of strophantlhin.Capps and Matthews ( 13) foundI no clhange after digitalis.Ini )fl:.lStewart and Cohn (7) found a marked fall in venous pres- sure in one normiial subject after oral administration of digitan, using the Mioritz-Tabora (20) technlique of venous pressure determination.Simllultaneously in the first subject, and in two other subjects, tlhey found no constanit change wlhen a less accurate miiethod was used (that of allowing b)loo10 to rise in a dry tube).As Eyster ( 14) pointed out, it is impossible to deternmine whether the changes produced by digitalis in output are cardiac or extra-cardiac in origin unless the changes in venous pressure are known.In decomlipensated lhearts it is agreed (5, 7) that the increased output is due largely to the chalnge in ventricular tone, any peripheral action of digitalis being rela- tively uniniiportant (although Wollheimi (15) and others (16, 17) credit the reduction in effective (systemiiic) blood volume with miiore imiiportance in relieving congestive failure).Opinion differs widely, however, regarding the origin of the digitalis effects in the normiial organiismi.Cohn and his coworkers (7,18,19), un- able to demiionstrate venous pressure changes, hold that the decreased car- (liac outtput is due to dimiinlished ventricular filling caused l) increased tone
Decisions about Life-Threatening Risks
Authors: R L Keeney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

As a society and as individuals, we Americans are preoccupied with risks, particularly risks to life. From AIDS to cancer to heart disease, from Alar to asbestos to benzene, from eating to drinking to smoking -- we worry about all the risks of living. We allocate substantial time, effort, and money to reducing risks, yet most of us believe that our world is riskier now than it was a generation ago. This simply is not so. Life expectancy in the United States has increased despite the scourges of cancer, AIDS, and violent crime. Still, major national and personal agendas to . . .
Beta-Endorphin and the Endocrine Pancreas
Authors: M. Feldman, R. S. Kiser, Roger H Unger, C. H. Li
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Beta-endorphin is present in the endocrine pancreas, suggesting that endorphins may have a role in islet-cell function. To evaluate this possibility, we infused synthetic human beta-endorphin intravenously in healthy volunteers and in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. In both groups, beta-endorphin increased plasma glucagon concentrations, and this rise was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma glucose concentrations. In nondiabetic subjects, beta-endorphin also increased plasma insulin concentrations. The threshold dose of beta-endorphin for producing increased plasma concentrations of glucose and glucagon was 0.005 mg--a dose that acutely increased plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin by approximately 40-fold. Glucose, glucagon, and insulin responses to beta-endorphin could not be blocked by intravenous naloxone. These studies suggest that endorphins may be involved in gluco-regulation, that their hyperglycemic action is mediated at least in part by glucagon, and that the effect of beta-endorphin on islet-cell function is relatively resistant to naloxone.
Puerperal Convulsions Successfully Treated by Chloroform
Authors: Fred. Page
Journal: BMJ (1861)

broke up the cataract more to get rid of the deformity, which interfered with his getting employment, than for the sake of restoring his sight.I operated with a needle through the sclerotic and broke up the lens easily.Pain came on, and a good deal of inflammation, and I bled him, and after that he went on fairly for a time.Leeches and belladonna were again applied, and at last the portion of lens which had fallen into the anterior chamber was absorbed, and the irritation ceased.He was well pleased with the result of his case, but his sight was very imperfect.CASE CCCLII.M., aged 35, with very recent cataracts.
Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias: Laboratory Methods and Case Studies
Authors: Robert B. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This volume is presented as a reference for those interested in the laboratory diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies or in the clinical evaluation of hemoglobin genes. The publication is an outgrowth of laboratory manuals and a syllabus used in the Mayo Clinic laboratories and is supplemented with material from a workshop on hemoglobins and thalassemias, with contributions from experts at a number of institutions. Because the format is derived from long experience in explaining hemoglobin genes to laboratory personnel and physicians, the book is concise, clear, and meant to be useful. The editor, Dr Virgil Fairbanks, is to be commended for constraining the experts to relatively brief, lucid state-of-the-art articles that introduce the subjects of hemoglobin variants, thalassemias, and their laboratory diagnosis. The second part of the book is devoted to "how-to" articles on the hemoglobin and thalassemia studies that should be used by any clinical laboratory that hopes to be definitive
Quality of life in asthma clinical trials: comparison of salmeterol and salbutamol.
Authors: E F Juniper, P R Johnston, C M Borkhoff, G H Guyatt, L P Boulet, A Haukioja
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Most clinical trials in asthma have focused on outcomes that are primarily of importance to the clinician. Very few have assessed whether patients feel better and can function better in day-to-day activities. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of salmeterol (50 micrograms twice daily), salbutamol (200 micrograms four times a day), and placebo on asthma-specific quality of life and to relate the findings to conventional clinical asthma outcomes. The study was a 12-wk multicenter, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial with each trial medication taken for 4 wk. The subjects were 140 adults with mild to moderate asthma enrolled from 14 respiratory clinics across Canada. Outcome measures were: (1) the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and spirometry at the end of each treatment period; and (2) daily asthma symptoms, morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs), and rescue salbutamol use during the last 14 d of each treatment period. Asthma-specific quality of life, both overall and for the individual domains (activity limitation, symptoms, emotional function, and exposure to environmental stimuli) was better with salmeterol than with placebo (p < 0.0001), and better with salmeterol than with salbutamol (p < 0.001). In both comparisons, differences were not only statistically significant, but most were also clinically important. There were moderate correlations between change in quality of life and change in clinical outcomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Breast cancer — one term, many entities?
Authors: Nicholas R. Bertos, Morag Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Breast cancer, rather than constituting a monolithic entity, comprises heterogeneous tumors with different clinical characteristics, disease courses, and responses to specific treatments. Tumor-intrinsic features, including classical histological and immunopathological classifications as well as more recently described molecular subtypes, separate breast tumors into multiple groups. Tumor-extrinsic features, including microenvironmental configuration, also have prognostic significance and further expand the list of tumor-defining variables. A better understanding of the features underlying heterogeneity, as well as of the mechanisms and consequences of their interactions, is essential to improve targeting of existing therapies and to develop novel agents addressing specific combinations of features.