tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dimensional Changes of the Human Left Ventricle Prior to Aortic Valve Opening
Authors: JOEL S. KARLINER, RICHARD J. BOUCHARD, JAMES H. GAULT
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Previous studies of the dynamic geometry of the left ventricle have yielded conflicting results concerning shape changes during the preejection period. Accordingly, left ventricular dimensional changes prior to aortic valve opening in man were analyzed using high-speed biplane cineradiograms exposed in the frontal and lateral projections. In each projection the long axis and three chords perpendicular to it were measured. In six patients without left ventricular disease there was a mean decrease in equatorial diameter of approximately 1 mm before aortic valve opening ( P &lt; 0.05), without significant change in the long axis, causing an apparent volume decrease of 4.0 ml or 2.8% of end-diastolic volume (EDV). In five patients with wall motion disorders secondary to coronary artery disease the equatorial diameter decreased by an average of 1.5 mm and volume was diminished by 8.3 ml or 3.9% of EDV. In four of seven patients with primary myocardial disease, an increase in the equatorial diameter and a basal chord occurred, while the apical chord decreased, suggesting nonhomogeneous myocardial involvement. In eight patients with mitral regurgitation, the reduction in equatorial diameter averaged 2.8 mm and volume decreased by 16.7 ml or 8.0% of EDV. In normal patients the occurrence of circumferential fiber shortening prior to aortic valve opening under basal conditions can result in as much as a 9% underestimation of contractile element velocity calculated from dp/dt, whereas in patients with mitral regurgitation this figure may be as high as 31%. These studies indicate that, in man, expansion at the minor equator during the preejection period occurs only under highly abnormal conditions. They further suggest that the reductions in shape and volume prior to aortic valve opening may be significant relative to mechanical analyses of this phase of contraction.
Renal services in UK are underfunded, says report
Authors: S. Kingman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Pressure is building for the British government to publish a report on renal services that recommends offering dialysis or transplantation as a matter of course to all suitable patients up to the age of 80. Publication of the report, which was completed 18 months ago, is thought to have been blocked by the Treasury because implementing its recommendations could cost the NHS an extra pounds sterling250m ($375) a year.

The review of renal services, commissioned by the Department of Health and …
Rhinovirus and soluble ICAM-1 in nasal washes from children with wheezing or rhinitis in the emergency department (ED)
Authors: H.T. Carper, J.W. Steinke, M.S. Shaker, L. Borish, F.G. Hayden, T.A.E. Platts-Mills, P.W. Heymann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Where Do Obituary Listings Come From? Putting the Matter to Rest-Reply
Authors: Helga Wutz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to the many letters that we have received regarding the compilation of the Obituary Listing, we provide herein a brief overview of the process. The AMA's Department of Physician Biographic Records learns of a physician's death through mail returned to the AMA marked "addressee deceased," state societies, licensing boards, and other sources. Date of death on all confirmed or otherwise reliable death notifications are entered into the physician's record in the Physician Masterfile. Information pertinent to the obituary listing is received in the<i>JAMA</i>editorial office via computer from the Masterfile. The records are edited according to<i>JAMA</i>style and sent to Electronic Publishing. All records received by Electronic Publishing are merged into a single file of unpublished obituaries. To prepare a listing of obituaries for publication, the number of records necessary to fill the allocated space is selected, choosing preferentially those deaths that occurred longest
Leucocytoclastic vasculitis and pneumonitis induced by metformin.
Authors: L Klapholz, E Leitersdorf, L Weinrauch
Journal: BMJ (1986)

hormone this may help to explain the association of cigarette smoking with various menstrual disorders, including an early menopause.2Thus smoking may have hormonal effects due, at least partly, to an increased release of dopamine.I Baron JA.Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's Disease.Neuroloy 4NY) (in press).2 Andersson K, Fuxe K, Eneroth P, Mascagni F, Agnati LF.Effects of acute intermittent exposure to cigarette smoke on catecholamine levels and turnover in various types of hypothalamic DA and NA nerve terminal systems as well as on the secretion of adenohypophvseal hormones and corticosterone. .
Complementary medicines industry in crisis after recall of 1546 products
Authors: B. Burton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A decision by Australia's medicines regulatory body, the Therapeutic Goods Administration, to suspend for six months the production licence of Pan Pharmaceuticals has thrown the country's complementary medicines industry into chaos and precipitated the resignation of the company's chief executive and founder.

The company makes about 70% of Australia's vitamins, minerals, and herbal medicines. Pan also manufactures over the counter painkillers and cold preparations. The complementary medicines industry in Australia is worth about $A1bn (£0.4bn; $0.6bn; €0.6bn) a year.

The decision came after a three month audit of the company's quality control standards. According to the Therapeutic Goods Administration the audit found “systematic and deliberate manipulation of quality control …
Review of emergency care in England is launched
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A major review of urgent and emergency services in England has been announced by the NHS Commissioning Board, to ensure consistency of standards of care across the country.

The review, led by the NHS’s medical director, Bruce Keogh, is likely to result in the closure of some emergency departments in favour of regional specialist units that provide high quality care for patients with heart attack, stroke, and trauma. However, the proposals will also need to maintain local access to services for less …
Hypercholesterolemia in rats with hepatomas: Increased oxysterols accelerate efflux but do not inhibit biosynthesis of cholesterol
Authors: Takeshi Hirayama, Akira Honda, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Teruo Miyazaki, Tadashi Ikegami, Mikio Doy, Guorong Xu, Michael Lea, Gerald Salen
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hypercholesterolemia is an important paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with hepatoma, but the nature of this defect has not yet been identified. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of hypercholesterolemia in a hepatoma-bearing rat model. Buffalo rats were implanted in both flanks with Morris hepatoma 7777 (McA-RH7777) cells. After 4 weeks, tumor weight was 5.5 ± 1.7 g, and serum cholesterol level increased from 60 ± 2 to 90 ± 2 mg/dL. Protein and mRNA expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1) was markedly higher in tumors than in livers. These increases were associated with activation of liver X receptor α (LXRα) as a result of the increased tissue oxysterol concentrations. The accumulation of oxysterols in the hepatomas appeared to be caused mainly by the upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis, despite the increased tissue sterol concentrations. Overexpression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) processing system relative to sterol concentration contributed to the resistance to sterols in this tumor. In addition, bile acid biosynthesis was inhibited despite the reduced expression of the small heterodimer partner (SHP) and activated LXRα, which also appeared to contribute to the accumulation of oxysterols followed by the acceleration of cholesterol efflux. In conclusion , hypercholesterolemia in McA-RH7777 hepatoma-bearing rats was caused by increased cholesterol efflux from tumors as a result of activation of LXRα. Overexpression of the SREBP processing system contributed to the activation of LXRα by maintaining high oxysterol levels in tissue.
Triple negative breast cancer confers higher recurrence rates after breast conserving therapy.
Authors: SS Zaky, M Lund, KA May, K Godette, L Holmes, R O'Regan, EN Butler, BY Hair, R Phillips, T Styblo, J Landry
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5127 Purpose&amp;#x2028; There has been a recent surge of information regarding the treatment outcomes for women with estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer; known as the triple negative (TN) subtype. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of these receptor expressions on local, regional and distant recurrences, and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing breast conserving therapy (BCT).&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods&amp;#x2028; The study population included 475 primary invasive female breast cancer patients (excluding Stage IV); who were residents of Fulton-Dekalb counties in Atlanta when diagnosed in 2003-2004 and treated within the Emory University affiliated hospitals. Data was obtained from the SEER cancer registry and augmented with medical record abstraction. Median follow-up was 3.4 years. The endpoints of the study were local, regional and distant recurrences, and OS. Tumors were subgrouped as: ER-/PR-/HER2- (TN), ER+/PR+/HER2-, ER+/PR+/HER2+, ER+/PR+/HER2-. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were employed.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; For the entire population, median age was 58 years. TN tumors accounted for 17% of the cases. Of the TN patients, 78% were African-American (p&amp;lt;0.01) and 40% had BCT. The majority of TN tumors were high grade (71%), p&amp;lt; 0.01. Total recurrence was 33% among the TN patients vs. 14% in the combined non-TN patient group, p&amp;lt; 0.01. Death occurred among 29% of TN vs. 14% of non-TN, p&amp;lt; 0.01.&amp;#x2028; For the patients that were treated with BCT, 94% of TN patients completed their adjuvant radiation therapy and 73% received chemotherapy. Of those receiving BCT, recurrence was 28% for TN patients and 6% for non-TN patients (p&amp;lt;0.01). Local recurrence was 9% and 4% for TN and non-TN patients, respectively and distant metastatic rate was 16% versus 2% respectively (p&amp;lt; 0.01). There were no regional recurrences in the BCT group. Time to recurrence, OS, time to death, and breast cancer specific death did not differ between the two groups.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion&amp;#x2028; A significant increase in local recurrence and distant metastatic rates were observed after BCT among patients diagnosed with TN breast cancers; however there was not a significant short-term survival difference between the TN and non-TN receptor groups. The complexity of this patient population within the conventional treatment algorithm warrants further investigation to reduce local and distant recurrences. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5127.
New hope for WHO?
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Last week, the World Health Organisation took a step that could halt its otherwise apparently inexorable decline. At its annual meeting in Geneva, the organisation's governing body voted to introduce a limit to the number of terms of office its director general can serve, becoming the first major United Nations agency to do so. While exempting the current incumbent from the new two term limit, the carefully worded resolution clearly implies that Dr Hiroshi Nakajima, now halfway through his second term, will have to formally reapply for the post on an equal footing with other candidates. Many people within and outside WHO are hoping that this will ensure a change of leadership in 1998. But unless other action is taken, they are likely to be disappointed.

The need for new leadership is clear and urgent. WHO is now seriously in debt. By the end of last year unpaid contributions from member states had reached $243m. To pay for its routine programmes, the organisation has borrowed its entire internal reserve of over $175m. As well as losing valuable interest on this money, such internal borrowing reduces WHO's ability to respond to sudden demands for action.

Internal commentators emphasise that this is not a cash crisis but a …
Sitagliptin-Associated Angioedema
Authors: Aidar R. Gosmanov, Eric C. Fontenot
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Postmarketing reports indicate that use of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor sitagliptin can be associated with the development of serious hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema (1). The clinical characteristics of individuals who are prone to develop DPP-IV inhibitor–associated angioedema are not completely understood. Here, we report a case of sitagliptin-associated angioedema and suggest a potential role of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) losartan in the development of the sitagliptin side effect.

A 46-year-old African American female with a past medical history of uncomplicated hypertension treated with losartan 100-mg daily, obesity, and compensated vitamin D deficiency was referred to the endocrinology clinic by her internist for management of Riedel’s thyroiditis. Physical examination was significant for BMI of 35 kg/m2 and blood …
A Step Forward in Therapy for Hepatitis C
Authors: Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The therapy of hepatitis C began almost 25 years ago with a small trial of recombinant human interferon alfa.1 The rationale for using interferon was its broad antiviral effects and the suspicion that it might be active against the still-undiscovered agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Indeed, interferon had striking effects, lowering serum aminotransferase levels and, in a proportion of patients, inducing a lasting improvement in serum enzyme levels. Not until the discovery of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were the effects of interferon understood; treatment resulted in a decrease in HCV RNA levels, which led to a sustained absence of . . .
Management of acute salicylate poisoning.
Authors: G. K. McGowan, C. A. Pennock
Journal: BMJ (1969)

serum potassium was 4-45 mEq/litre, and this rose steadily thereafter to 5-1 mEq/litre one week later.His urinary potassium excretion likewise fell to 25 mEq/24 hours with restora- tion of the pH to normal.
Primary Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Leslie Laufman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human Violence as Viewed from the Psychiatric Clinic
Authors: MARTIN ROTH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Validation for ethological theories about the origins of human violence and aggression may be sought in certain well-studied forms of behavior. Observations in relation to crime and other forms of violent conduct have given unequivocal answers to the questions posed; factors in the familial and social environment prove to account for most of the variation observed. Such "frustrative-impulsive" forms of aggression are associated with many indices of personality damage. The forms of behavior exemplified by political, religious, and revolutionary wars are termed "altruistic." They have expended lives in vast numbers but would not have been possible without the peculiarly human characteristic of self-sacrifice. Psychiatry has an important task in more precisely defining and depicting these phenomena and in studying their underlying causes.
Radioligand receptor assay for 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2/D3.
Authors: M R Hughes, D J Baylink, P G Jones, M R Haussler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

A competitive protein binding assay for measurement of the plasma concentration of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3] has been extended to include the immediate precursor of this hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3). In addition, the assay system is capable of measuring the two metabolic products of ergocalciferol, namely. 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OHD2) and 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 [1alpha, 25-(OH)2D2]. The target tissue assay system consists of a high affinity cytosol receptor protein that binds the vitamin D metabolites and a limited number of acceptor sites on the nuclear chromatin. By utilizing a series of chromatographic purification steps, a single plasma sample can be assayed for any of the four vitamin D metabolites either individually or combined. Therefore, the assay procedure allows for both the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the total active vitamin D level in a given plasma sample. To show that the binding assay was capable of measuring 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D2 as well as 1alpha, 25 (OH)2D3, two groups of rats were raised. One group, supplemented with vitamin D3, produced assayable material that represented 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3. The other group, fed only vitamin D2 in the diet, yielded plasma containing only 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D2 as the hormonal form of the vitamin. The circulating concentrations of the two active sterols were nearly identical (15 ng/100 ml) in both groups, indicating that the competitive binding assay can be used to measure both hormonal forms in plasma. In a separate experiment, 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D2 was generated in an in vitro kidney homogenate system using 25-OHD2 as substrate. Comparison of this sterol with 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 in the assay system showed very similar binding curves; the D2 form was slightly less efficient (77%). Comparison of the respective 25-hydroxy forms (25-OHD2 vs. 25-OHD3) at concentrations 500-fold that of 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3, again suggested that the binding of the D2 metabolite was slightly less efficient (71%). Finally, the assay was employed to measure the total active vitamin D metabolite pools in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with varying degrees of hypervitaminosis D. The normal plasma levels of 25-OHD and 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D measured in Tucson adults were 25-40 ng/ml and 2.1-4.5 ng/100 ml, respectively. Both sterols were predominately (greater than 90%) in the form of vitamin D3 metabolites in this environment. Typical cases of hypervitaminosis D exhibited approximately a 15-fold increase in the plasma 25-OHD concentration, and a dramatic changeover to virtually all metabolites existing in the form of D2 vitamins. In contrast, the circulating concentration of 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D was not substantially enhanced in vitamin D-intoxicated patients. We therefore conclude that hypervitaminosis D is not a result of abnormal plasma levels of 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D but may be cuased by an excessive circulating concentration of 25-OHD.
Authors have rights too.
Authors: M E Dewey
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Without publication research can be of little value. When researchers approach publication there is ample published guidance for them on what their obligations are, and there are well known style guides within each scientific discipline including, in medicine, the Vancouver style. This article gives a series of anonymous examples to suggest that the impact of similar guides for editors has been patchy and to make some suggestions for better communication.
Papal policy, poverty, and AIDS
Authors: P. Norris
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Theatre and ward costs incurred for patients having either hysterectomy or endomnetrial resection for menorrhagia Endometrial Hysterectomy resection Mean theatre time (h) 1-24 0-75 Mean length of stay (days) 10-6 1 Mean cost (£): Theatre time* 253.37 153.25 Central sterile supply department 19.06 11.20 Sutures 20.00 Dressing 0.30 Gloves 4.00 1.00 Glycine 6.93 Syringes 0.14 Double irrigation system 5.00 Suction tubing 0.70 Sterile water 1.20 1.20 Medical assistantt 11.92 Anaesthetic 12.07 9.47 Cost of operation 321.92 188.89Mean ward costs (£)t 1140.67 107.61Total cost (£) 1462.59296.50 *The costs of theatre time (£204.33/hour)are based on an ideal 90% use of scheduled theatre time and incorporate operating time plus the time for induction and reversal of anaesthesia.tCalculated at an hourly rate from the midpoint on the senior house officer pay scale multiplied by the mean theatre time taken to perform hysterectomy.tCalculated at £107.61 a day.
The Israeli Field Hospital in Haiti — Ethical Dilemmas in Early Disaster Response
Authors: Ofer Merin, Nachman Ash, Gad Levy, Mitchell J. Schwaber, Yitshak Kreiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Dr. Ofer Merin and colleagues write that every mass-casualty event raises ethical issues concerning the priorities of treatment, but the Haiti disaster was exceptional in several ways.
Chymotrypsin C (CTRC) variants that diminish activity or secretion are associated with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Jonas Rosendahl, Heiko Witt, Richárd Szmola, Eesh Bhatia, Béla Ózsvári, Olfert Landt, Hans-Ulrich Schulz, Thomas M Gress, Roland Pfützer, Matthias Löhr, Peter Kovacs, Matthias Blüher, Michael Stumvoll, Gourdas Choudhuri, Péter Hegyi, René HM te Morsche, Joost PH Drenth, Kaspar Truninger, Milan Macek, Gero Puhl, Ulrike Witt, Hartmut Schmidt, Carsten Büning, Johann Ockenga, Andreas Kage, David Alexander Groneberg, Renate Nickel, Thomas Berg, Bertram Wiedenmann, Hans Bödeker, Volker Keim, Joachim Mössner, Niels Teich, Miklós Sahin-Tóth
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Atlantoaxial subluxation and spinal cord compression in psoriatic arthropathy.
Authors: C T Pease, J L Pozo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Enthesopathy index in ankylosing spondylitis SIR, We read with interest the report by Mander et al on the use of an enthesis index in ankylosing spondylitis.'We
The Structure of Cell Membranes
Authors: Ronald S. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

MEMBRANES are a ubiquitous cell component responsible for controlling many vital cellular functions, including selective permeability, ion accumulation and conduction of nerve impulses. It is widely recognized that knowledge of the molecular architecture of membranes is a prerequisite to an understanding of how membrane-associated functions are performed. However, there are surprisingly few points of agreement among biologists on specific details about the structure of membranes. Of the general concepts in the literature, the unit membrane hypothesis of Robertson1 has enjoyed the greatest popularity over the past decade. This hypothesis suggests that all biologic membranes, regardless of their composition or functions, . . .