tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the testicular toxicity of phthalate esters.
Authors: T J Gray, S D Gangolli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) produced seminiferous tubular atrophy and reductions in seminal vesicle and prostate weight in 4-week-old, but not in 15-week-old rats. Di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPP) did produce atrophy in the older rats but this developed more slowly than in young animals. Coadministration of testosterone or gonadotrophins did not protect against phthalate-induced testicular toxicity but did partly reverse the depression of seminal vesicle and prostate weight. Secretion of seminiferous tubule fluid and androgen binding protein by the Sertoli cells was markedly suppressed within 1 hr of a dose of DPP or mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) in immature rats. This occurred less rapidly in mature rats. [14C]Mono-n-pentyl phthalate and [14C]MEHP penetrated the blood testis barrier only to a very limited extent. These findings and the early morphological changes in the Sertoli cells produced by DPP suggest that phthalate esters may act initially to cause Sertoli cell injury, the subsequent loss of germ cells occurring as a consequence of this. Some features of the testicular lesion could be reproduced in primary cocultures of rat Sertoli and germ cells. Structure activity studies with a range of phthalate monoesters showed good agreement between the induction of germ cell detachment in culture and testicular toxicity in vivo. Three metabolites of MEHP (metabolites V, VI, and IX) were much less toxic in culture than MEHP itself, suggesting that the latter may be the active testicular toxin from DEHP.
Potential role of interleukin-1 in allergen-induced late asthmatic reactions in guinea pigs: Suppressive effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on late asthmatic reaction
Authors: Shinji Okada, Hiroshi Inoue, Kohei Yamauchi, Hideya Iijima, Yuichi Ohkawara, Tamotsu Takishima, Kunio Shirato
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
NARRATION
Authors: Preston J. Burnham
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Positive Association Between Serum Level of Glyceraldehyde-Derived Advanced Glycation End Products and Vascular Inflammation Evaluated by [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Nobuhiro Tahara, Sho-ichi Yamagishi, Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akihiro Honda, Atsuko Tahara, Yoshikazu Nitta, Norihiro Kodama, Minori Mizoguchi, Hayato Kaida, Masatoshi Ishibashi, Naofumi Hayabuchi, Takanori Matsui, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) evoke inflammatory reactions, contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated the relationship between serum AGE level and vascular inflammation.The study involved 275 outpatients at Kurume University, Japan (189 males and 86 females; mean age 61.2 ± 8.8 years) who underwent complete history and physical examinations and determinations of blood chemistry and anthropometric variables, including AGEs. Serum AGE level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vascular [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, an index of vascular inflammation, was measured as blood-normalized standardized uptake value, known as the target-to-background ratio (TBR), by FDG-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Furthermore, we examined whether the changes in serum AGE level after treatment with oral hypoglycemia agents (OHAs) were correlated with those of TBR in another 18 subjects whose AGE value was >14.2 units/mL (mean ± 2 SD).Mean serum AGE level and carotid TBR values were 9.15 ± 2.53 and 1.43 ± 0.22 units/mL, respectively. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that TBR was independently correlated with AGEs (P < 0.001), carotid intima-media thickness (P < 0.01), and BMI (P < 0.02). When age- and sex-adjusted AGE values stratified by TBR tertiles were compared using ANCOVA, a significant trend was observed (P < 0.01). In addition, the changes in AGEs after OHA treatment were positively (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) correlated with those in TBR value.The current study reveals that serum AGE level is independently associated with vascular inflammation evaluated by FDG-PET, suggesting that circulating AGE value may be a biomarker that could reflect vascular inflammation within an area of atherosclerosis.
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Authors: J. M. Potter
Journal: BMJ (1954)

BRDICALTosHLalthough the limitations of liver function tests are realized, it seems reasonable to conclude that the absence of any hepatic complication, in patients treated 12 to 18 months previously, suggests that H.P.C. has no marked hepatotoxic effect, in spite of its relationship to cinchophen.In fact, a careful and critical review by Hueper (1948) mentions that cinchophen, when used in the treatment of gout, was much less toxic than was commonly supposed. ConcludonsAs the case summaries show, H.P.C. is an effective agent for the treatment of acute gout, and patients who had been treated earlier with colchicine were convinced that the new drug was more effective, in that it relieved their symptoms more quickly and more completely.In cases of the more chronic type of gouty arthritis, H.P.C. again proved effec- tive, but its action was slower and less dramatic: it would appear that about a month's treatment is necessary in such cases before appreciable improvement occurs, but that, thereafter, acute episodes may be treated or prevented by a few days' intensive therapy.Although continuous treat- ment may be given for longer periods without major com- plications, the frequent occurrence of skin lesions makes any form of maintenance therapy impracticable, in spite of the fact that a severely affected patient may prefer an irritating rash to acutely painful joints.Clinical trials of H.P.C. (3 -hydroxy -2 -phenyl - cinchoninic acid), a derivative of cinchophen, in 12 cases of acute gout or chronic gouty arthritis have given satisfactory results.No major toxic effects complicated treatment, but minor reactions were com- mon, involving particularly the skin: for this reason, it is recommended that this form of medication should be reserved for short-duration treatment of acute episodes, or for prophylactic treatment in patients in whom premonitory symptoms occur.This investigation was conducted during my tenure of a Re- search Fellowship in Rheumatism of the University of Leeds and Royal Bath Hospital, Harrogate, and I am indebted to the physicians of the latter institution for access to the cases described, and to Professor S. J. Hartfall for facilities at his clinic in the General Infirmary at Leeds.It is a pleasure to record my thanks to Mr. R.
Thrombotic superior vena caval obstruction after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
Authors: A J Mearns, J A Davies, C A Hoggard, D A Watson
Journal: Thorax (1977)

A case of tetralogy of Fallot is described, in which thrombotic obstruction of the superior vena cava developed after total correction. Partial thrombolysis was achieved with streptokinase therapy.
Hay Fever
Authors: HIRAM BYRD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 February 1930Hay FeverIts Control Through Efferent InterceptionHIRAM BYRD, M.D.HIRAM BYRD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-8-850 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHay fever, whether seasonal or non-seasonal, is defined in this connection in terms of excess sneezing. Now a sneeze has its conscious origin in the roof of the nose, in a region which without any attempted delineation, may be designated as the "sneeze region."This sneeze region receives its nerve supply from two branches of the trigeminal—from the superior maxillary, via Meckel's ganglion; and from the ophthalmic, via the nasal nerve. Therefore efferent impulses routed down the trigeminal nerve may reach the sneeze region via either the ophthalmic or the superior maxillary. And since this may occur on either side... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HIRAM BYRD, M.D.Affiliations: Detroit Michigan*Jefferson Clinic & Diagnostic Hospital, Detroit, Mich.*It is to be noted that physiology assigns to the maxillary and opthalmic branches of the trigeminal nerve an exclusively sensory function—an assignment that, in the light of these disclosures, calls for re-examination. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1930Volume 3, Issue 8 Page: 850-855 Keywords Disclosure Fevers Hospitals Nerves Sneezing ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Valeur pronostique du bilan préthérapeutique par échographie endorectale dans le cancer du rectum opéré après radio(chimio-)thérapie. Résultats à long terme issus d'une étude multicentrique de la FFCD
Authors: P Burtin, N Methy, JP Gerard, T Conroy, O Bouché, O Chapet, F Bonnetain
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: Peu d'études ont évalué la valeur pronostique de l'échographie endorectale (EER) chez les patients ayant un cancer du rectum traité par radiothérapie et chirurgie.
Capacitive Properties of Body Tissues
Authors: HERMAN P. SCHWAN, CALVIN F. KAY
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

The electric capacity of various tissues surrounding the heart has been investigated in living dogs, using frequency ranges from 10 to 10,000 c.p.s. Electrode polarization, a serious source of error in such measurements, has been corrected for. Discussion of our results and of resistivity data previously obtained in body tissues proves that the electric properties of body tissues are primarily resistive ones.
What are the predictors of acute complications following coronary artery stenting? Single institutional experience
Authors: Gary S. Roubin, Subodh Agrawal, Larry S. Dean, William A. Baxley, Paul Garrahy, Ravi K. Bajaj, Philip Gainey, J.Bradley Cavender, Peter Macander, Adam Cannon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Distribution of allergy in a population sample residing in Tucson, Arizona.
Authors: M G Cline, B Burrows
Journal: Thorax (1989)

In this report we look at the distribution oftwo indices of allergy in the general population-namely, allergy skin test reactivity to a battery of common aero- allergens and the level of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE).Allergy skin tests have been the standard method for identifying the allergic individual.IgE, the major antibody responsible for the immediate type of immune response, was first identified by Ishizaka' and Johansson et al,2 and the level of serum IgE is sometimes used now to assess overall allergic state rather than skin test reactivity.This report will focus on the distribution of skin test reactivity and serum IgE concentrations in a general population sample, including a description of their relation to each other as well as to age, sex, and smoking history.The data are derived primarily from the Tucson epidemiological study ofairway obstructive diseases, a longitudinal study of a stratified random sample of white, non-Mexican-American households in Tucson, Arizona.The study population was enrolled initially in 1971-2.Details of the selection of the study population and general methods have been reported.3This report represents in large part a consolidation of data that have been previously published," though some of the data have been reanalysed to allow a more consistent presentation.Allergy skin tests were carried out on 3136 subjects aged three years or more at the time ofenrolment.Five skin test solutions (house dust 1:10, Bermuda grass 1:20, tree mix 1:20, weed mix 1:20, and Dematiaceae mould mix 1 :100) plus a 50% glycerin solution control were applied by the prick technique.The tree mix consisted of Fremont cottonwood, olive, white mulberry, and mesquite.Rabbit bush, Salt bush,
HETEROGENEITY OF ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS
Authors: Cesare Bosman, Joseph D. Feldman, Edgar Pick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Cell suspensions from draining lymph nodes of immune and nonimmune rats were reacted in vitro with (125)I-labeled antigens. In light microscopic radioautographs of smears, 17% of the immunized cells were tagged by specific antigen; 2.0% of control cells were positive. In electron microscopic radioautographs, 90% of the labeled elements from immune donors were lymphocytes, blast and plasma cells; 10% were monocytes-macrophages or other elements, including naked nuclei. 15% of the labeled cells from control materials were lymphocytes and plasma cells, while 85% were monocytes-macrophages and naked nuclei. Within cell suspensions derived from immunized animals there were almost twice as many lymphocytes marked by isotope as plasma cells, and the lymphocytes ranged in morphology from mature monoribosomal elements to immature polyribosomal cells. Antibody-forming cells fixed labeled antigen at their surfaces. The monocyte-macrophage class was distinguished by a high mean grain count and by distribution of grains within cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomes.
Mechanics of Glomerular Ultrafiltration
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Barry M. Brenner, H. David Humes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

IN mammals, a fifth to a third of the large volume of plasma that enters the kidney is driven through the capillary walls of the glomerulus to form glomerular filtrate. Micropuncture technics have made it possible to sample this glomerular filtrate and have shown that its composition closely resembles that of an ideal ultrafiltrate of plasma. In recent years, much has been learned about the physiologic determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration. This discussion is intended to identify these determinants and to illustrate how each of them influences the ultrafiltration rate.Physiologic Determinants of Glomerular UltrafiltrationPlasma arrives at the glomerulus under . . .
Parainfluenza virus-induced persistence of airway inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction associated with TGF-beta 1 expression in brown Norway rats.
Authors: E W Uhl, W L Castleman, R L Sorkness, W W Busse, R F Lemanske, P K McAllister
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus infection in young rats induces airway growth abnormalities associated with persistent pulmonary dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness. The objectives of this study were to compare virus-susceptible brown Norway (BN) rats and virus-resistant F344 rats and to determine which of several virus-induced structural abnormalities, including bronchiolar hypoplasia, alveolar dysplasia, bronchiolar mural fibrosis, and increases in bronchiolar mast cells, were associated with virus-induced increases in pulmonary resistance and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. We also determined whether bronchiolar mural thickening and fibrosis may be caused by increased bronchiolar expression of cytokines such as TGF-beta 1 into airways. BN rats infected with virus developed increases in respiratory resistance and hyperresponsiveness that persisted for 28 to 65 d after inoculation. Functional abnormalities were most strongly associated with bronchiolar mural thickening and fibrosis as well as with recruitment of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, into the bronchiolar wall. F344 rats were resistant to significant virus-induced alterations in bronchiolar airway wall thickness and mast cell increases as well as to pulmonary function abnormalities. BN rats had increase pulmonary mRNA levels of TGF-beta 1 at 10 and 14 d after viral inoculation as compared with F344 rats. BN rats also had greater numbers of bronchiolar macrophages expressing TGF-beta 1 protein that were localized in bronchiolar walls at 10, 14, and 30 d after inoculation. We conclude that recruitment and persistence of airway inflammatory cells and airway wall fibrosis may be important alterations induced by viral lower respiratory disease during early life that can lead to long-term airway dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness. Virus-induced airway fibrosis may be mediated in part by increased TGF-beta 1 gene expression by bronchiolar macrophages in genetically susceptible individuals.
How vigorously should we exercise our rheumatoid arthritis patients?
Authors: J M Hazes, C H van den Ende
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

How vigorously should we exercise our rheumatoid arthritis patients?The deleterious effects of joint inflammation on joint mobility, muscle strength, and daily function have been well recognised.The traditionally prescribed local and sys- temic rest for the inflamed joints will increase these adverse effects.Physiotherapy, in particular, exercise therapy, is therefore one of the cornerstones of the management of rheumatoid arthritis.The primary goal of exercise therapy is to improve joint mobility, muscle strength, and aerobic and functional capacity.Gentle passive and active range of on August 18,
Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Prognosis in obesity Older people should not be misinformed about being overweightEditor-With reference to the editorial by Lean on prognosis in obesity, 1 advising apparently overweight older people to lose weight may do more harm than good.Evidence suggests that the risks of being "overweight" decrease with increasing age.On the basis of mortality, the ideal body mass index (BMI) is higher in older than young adults, with an optimum BMI for people older than 65 in the young adult "overweight" range of 27-30 kg/m 2 . 2 In a systematic review, Heiat et al concluded that the relation between BMI and mortality in people older than 65 is a flat bottomed, Ushaped curve, with mortality rising only at BMI > 31 kg/m 2 and perhaps not at any BMI in people older than 75. 2 Weight loss is more common than weight gain in older people, and associated with poor outcomes, even when the weight loss is intentional and the person was "overweight" at baseline. [3]4][5] In the prospective cardiovascular health study of some 4700 community dwelling people older than 65, weight loss of more than 5% over three years was substantially more common than weight gain of more than 5%. 3 Weight loss, but not weight gain, was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality (relative risk 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 2.15). 3 The association of increased mortality with weight loss persisted even at the highest third of baseline weight. 3 In a study of older men with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , intentional weight loss was associated (P < 0.001) with a greater rate of hip bone loss ( -1.7%/year) than in men with no weight loss ( -0.1%/year) or weight gain (0.5%/year). 5 The indiscriminate application of evidence from studies in younger adults to the management of older people is hazardous.We believe that many older people are trying to lose weight inappropriately.There is a need to ensure that most of our elders are given appropriate advice: "Keep physically active, eat sensibly, and maintain weight."
Isolation of a GCC repeat showing expansion in FRAXF, a fragile site distal to FRAXA and FRAXE
Authors: Julia E. Parrish, Ben A. Oostra, Annemieke J.M.H. Verkerk, C. Sue Richards, James Reynolds, Aimee S. Spikes, Lisa G. Shaffer, David L. Nelson
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Drug Spotlight Program: Treatment of Depression with Drugs
Authors: LEO E. HOLLISTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

The multiple manifestations of depression may mimic those associated with many physical illnesses, leading to delay in diagnosis. The consequences of depression are disability, suffering, and sometimes death by suicide. Antidepressant drugs have greatly improved the prognosis for the depressed patient. Tricyclics are the drugs of first choice, with monoamine oxidase inhibitors playing a secondary role except in special instances. Drugs can be used along with electroconvulsive therapy when treatment is urgent. Differences in the pharmacologic effects of tricyclics may affect their choice for individual patients. Monitoring of plasma concentrations of tricyclics may uncover some sources of drug failure, such as altered drug kinetics in an individual patient or noncompliance with treatment. Side-effects of antidepressant drugs are numerous; most represent extensions of known pharmacologic actions. Overdoses produce severe intoxications that require expert and assiduous management.
Deoxycholic acid in gall bladder bile does not account for the shortened nucleation time in patients with cholesterol gall stones.
Authors: H Noshiro, K Chijiiwa, I Makino, K Nakano, I Hirota
Journal: Gut (1995)

The relations between the concentration of deoxycholic acid (DCA), the cholesterol saturation index, and the nucleation time in gall bladder bile were measured to determine the role of DCA in bile in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gall stone disease. Bile was obtained from patients with cholesterol gall stones (n = 30), subjects without gall stones (n = 35), and patients with pigment gall stones (n = 9). Three of 30 cholesterol gall stone patients and 10 of 35 gall stone free subjects were treated with antibiotics by mouth to decrease the concentration of bile DCA and determine the effect of DCA on biliary lithogenecity. Both the percentage and concentration of DCA in bile were similar in patients with and without cholesterol gall stones despite significant differences in their cholesterol saturation indices and nucleation times. Neither the percentage nor the concentration of DCA in bile correlated with either the cholesterol saturation index or the nucleation time. Analysis of subgroups with matching cholesterol saturation indices showed no correlation between the proportion of DCA in the bile and the cholesterol nucleation time. The proportion of DCA in bile was decreased by antibiotic treatment, but this had no effect on the cholesterol saturation index or nucleation time. These results suggest that DCA in bile is not responsible for biliary cholesterol saturation or cholesterol nucleation time.
RETRACTED: The Unfolded Protein Response Element IRE1α Senses Bacterial Proteins Invading the ER to Activate RIG-I and Innate Immune Signaling
Authors: Jin A. Cho, Ann-Hwee Lee, Barbara Platzer, Benedict C.S. Cross, Brooke M. Gardner, Heidi De Luca, Phi Luong, Heather P. Harding, Laurie H. Glimcher, Peter Walter, Edda Fiebiger, David Ron, Jonathan C. Kagan, Wayne I. Lencer
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)