tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2012: I. Neurology and neurointensive care, epidemiology and nephrology, biomarkers and inflammation, nutrition, experimentals
Authors: Massimo Antonelli, Marc Bonten, Maurizio Cecconi, Jean Chastre, Giuseppe Citerio, Giorgio Conti, J. Randall Curtis, Goran Hedenstierna, Michael Joannidis, Duncan Macrae, Salvatore M. Maggiore, Jordi Mancebo, Alexandre Mebazaa, Jean-Charles Preiser, Patricia Rocco, Jean-François Timsit, Jan Wernerman, Haibo Zhang
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)

Intracranial pressure and brain compliance in traumatic brain injuryElevated intracranial pressure (ICP) has been associated with increased mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).More than 20 years ago, Marmarou [1], while analysing the data from the traumatic coma data bank (TCDB), recognized that the proportion of hourly ICP readings greater than 20 mmHg was fundamental in explaining long-term outcome in TBI victims.
109. Episomal AAV Vector Genome in the Histone-Associated Chromatin Form Is Capable of Superior Transcription with HDAC Inhibitor
Authors: Takashi Okada, Ryosuke Uchibori, Mayumi Iwata-Okada, Mutsuko Nonaka-Sarukawa, Takayuki Ito, Hiroaki Mizukami, Akihiro Kume, Keiya Ozawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: The transduction of cancer cells using rAAV occurs with low efficiency, which limits its utility in gene therapy. Treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor is known to cause the gene expression from a silenced rAAV genome that has been integrated into the host's genome. However, rAAV exists mostly as an extrachromosomal genome rather than as an integrated genome. Here we show that HDAC inhibitors markedly enhance the rAAVmediated transduction of tumor cells in vitro as well as in vivo with improved therapeutic benefit. Our data also suggest that episomal AAV vector genome in the tumor cells is in the histone-associated chromatin form that is capable of superior transcription.
Points: Repainting hospitals
Authors: A. Seymour
Journal: BMJ (1982)

September, p 77) express surprise that deaths due to smothering of a baby by a cat do not occur more often.They do not occur more often because most mothers are well aware of the danger.A cat net is a standard piece of baby equipment which is routinely stretched over the pram when it is left unattended in a garden or anywhere frequented by cats.I am astonished that this simple expedient, dictated by common sense rather than by epidemiology, gets no mention in your "Any Questions."'
Surgical treatment for prolapsed lumbar disc.
Authors: G O Tippett
Journal: BMJ (1980)

of dorsal column stimulation from the random variability of the disease, placebo effects, and suggestibility.This can in part be overcome by making multiple observations so that the variance before treatment is defined, which should take care of the disease fluctuations.Placebo and suggestibility effects tend to wear off after a few weeks' therapy and are less of a problem when studying autonomic function.Automated urinary flow studies (for example, by Disa Mictiograph) are probably the single most useful ncn-invasive test by which the effects of dorsal column stimulation can be measured.Finally, it is suggested that anyone embarking on trials of dorsal column stimula- tion should discuss it fully with a qualified medical statistician so that the results can be properly analysed.
Firearm Injuries and Deaths
Authors: Craig Zwerling, James A. Merchant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: In his letter to the Editor (Jan. 18 issue),1 Dr. Waters accuses the University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center of using funds from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intended for the study of farm injuries to sponsor “Handgun Injuries: A Public Health Approach,” a conference held in Iowa City on January 29, 1992. Apparently, Dr. Waters does not appreciate the mission and scope of our center, nor does he understand the context and content of our symposium. The University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center is 1 of 10 injury-control research centers funded . . .
Bacteremia with Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Harrison J. Shull, Bruce M. Greene, Stephen D. Allen, G. Dewey Dunn, Steven Schenker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Fifty patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal fiberoptic endoscopy were studied prospectively for the development of bacteremia by aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures obtained before, during, and at 5 and 30 minutes after the procedure. Forty-six patients were culture negative; four had positive cultures at 5 or 30 minutes after the procedure, or at both times. The level of bacteremia as estimated by pour plates was very low. Bacteremia did not correlate with the performance of biopsy or the type of mucosal abnormality found. It is concluded that only very high-risk patients should receive antimicrobial prophylaxis before this procedure. The minor risk of this low-level bacteremia should not be considered a contraindication to the performance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
1090-216 Acute resumption of conduction in the cavotricuspid isthmus after catheter ablation of common atrial flutter: Impact of isthmus anatomy
Authors: Antoine Da Costa, Cécile Romeyer-Bouchard, Naïma Zarqane-Sliman, Bernard Samuel, Abdel Khiel, Emmanuel Faure, Karl Isaaz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
P260 Haematological characteristics of patients referred for investigation of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: B Prudon, W Osborne, SD West
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a condition with increasing prevalence. Individuals with severe OSA have significant intermittent nocturnal hypoxia. Erythropoiesis is stimulated through the renal secretion of erythropoietin in response to hypoxia, and is responsible for polycythaemia found in chronic respiratory failure. There are case reports of secondary polycythaemia attributed to OSA, but there are limited data assessing the relationship of OSA physiological parameters and haemoglobin. We aimed to investigate this. <h3>Methods</h3> Clinical information was collated prospectively from patients assessed at the Newcastle Regional Sleep Service with suspected OSA. None of those included had been referred to investigate polycythaemia. All patients included underwent either a domiciliary or in-patient sleep study as per standard clinical practise, and had a Full Blood Count (FBC) taken. <h3>Results</h3> There were 103 patients included: 70% males, mean (SD) age 52 years (range 26–76 years), BMI 36.1kg/m<sup>2</sup> (8.3), Epworth Sleepiness Scale 13 (5), daytime SpO<sub>2</sub> on air 96% (2.7) [six patients had SaO2 &lt;92%]. Sleep study results showed the Apnoea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) to be &lt;5 in 13% [no OSA], ≥5 and &lt;15 in 30% [mild OSA], ≥15 and &lt;30 in 19% [moderate OSA], and ≥30 in 38% [severe OSA]. Analysis of FBC results showed no statistical difference in Haemoglobin between the four patient groups; mean (SD), no OSA 14.3g/dl (2.1), mild 14.6g/dl (1.5), moderate OSA 14.5g/dl (1.2), severe OSA 14.7g/dl (1.4). There was no correlation between Haemoglobin (Hb) and AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), % time SpO<sub>2</sub>&lt;90%, % time SpO<sub>2</sub>&lt;80%, or awake SpO<sub>2</sub>. There was no significant difference in haematocrit or RBC between groups. A weak positive correlation was observed between total WBC and ODI, r=0.319, p=0.001, but there was no statistical difference between patient groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this sleep clinic patient group, we found no correlation between haemoglobin and any OSA severity marker. This suggests that the nocturnal intermittent hypoxia which occurs in OSA alone does not lead to secondary polycythaemia. Further work will evaluate the prevalence of OSA in people with secondary polycythaemia, and whether the OSA is contributory or reflects the general population prevalence of OSA.
"THE CARE AND FEEDING OF INFANTS"
Authors: J. J. Leiser
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —In your statistics relating to breast-fed and bottle-fed babies, I see nothing definite with regard to mothers. Through long years of experience I have found that very few mothers who are in good health fail to nurse their babies. Then, in giving statistics of deaths from bottle feeding and breast feeding, why not take into consideration the fact that nonstrenuous mothers beget nonstrenuous babies, and that this fact may cause the difference in the statistical death rate—weakness?
Effects of Isometric Exercise on Cardiac Performance
Authors: CHARLES KIVOWITZ, WILLIAM W. PARMLEY, ROBERTO DONOSO, HAROLD MARCUS, WILLIAM GANZ, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Twenty-two patients with heart disease performed a standard isometric exercise, sustained handgrip, during the course of diagnostic cardiac catheterization. During handgrip an increase in mean arterial pressure (average 87 to 104 mm Hg) was noted in all patients. Coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial O 2 consumption increased (average 45%) in all patients so monitored. Systemic vascular resistance increased in 19 patients, in contrast to the response reported in normal volunteers. The relation between left ventricular stroke-work index and LVEDP (left ventricular function curve) during the control state and during the fourth minute of sustained handgrip provided a simple estimate of left ventricular reserve and correlated well with the New York Heart Association functional classification of the patient studied. Patients with good reserve had a rise in stroke-work with little or no change in LVEDP. Patients with poor reserve had a fall in stroke-work together with a substantial rise in LVEDP. It is concluded that the stress imposed by sustained handgrip provides a simple test for the evaluation of left ventricular reserve.
Overexpression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Causes Hypertension and Sympathoexcitation via an Increase in Oxidative Stress
Authors: Yoshikuni Kimura, Yoshitaka Hirooka, Yoji Sagara, Koji Ito, Takuya Kishi, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Akira Takeshita, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

The present study examined the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of the brain stem, where the vasomotor center is located, in the control of blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity. Adenovirus vectors encoding iNOS (AdiNOS) or beta-galactosidase (Adbetagal) were transfected into the RVLM in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored using a radiotelemetry system. iNOS expression in the RVLM was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining or Western blot analysis. Mean arterial pressure significantly increased from day 6 to day 11 after AdiNOS transfection, but did not change after Adbetagal transfection. Urinary norepinephrine excretion was significantly higher in AdiNOS-transfected rats than in Adbetagal-transfected rats. Microinjection of aminoguanidine or S-methylisothiourea, iNOS inhibitors, or tempol, an antioxidant, significantly attenuated the pressor response evoked by iNOS gene transfer. The levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, a marker of oxidative stress, were significantly greater in AdiNOS-transfected rats than in Adbetagal-transfected rats. Dihydroethidium fluorescence in the RVLM was increased in AdiNOS-transfected rats. In addition, nitrotyrosine-positive cells were observed in the RVLM only in AdiNOS-transfected rats. Intracisternal infusion of tempol significantly attenuated the pressor response and the increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances induced by AdiNOS transfection. These results suggest that overexpression of iNOS in the RVLM increases blood pressure via activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is mediated by an increase in oxidative stress.
Risk Factors for the Sexual Transmission of Genital Herpes
Authors: Gregory J. Mertz, Jacqueline Benedetti, Rhoda Ashley, Stacy A. Selke, Lawrence Corey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the risk of sexual transmission of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) in heterosexual couples. Design: Prospective study of couples who were participants in a clinical trial. Each source partner had symptomatic, recurrent genital HSV, and each susceptible partner was without serologic or clinical evidence of genital herpes. Couples were followed for a median of 334 days. Setting: Two university-based research clinics. Patients: One hundred forty-four heterosexual couples were studied out of an initial enrollment of 214 couples. Main Outcome Measures: Development of culture-proven HSV infection or type-specific antibodies in the susceptible partner. Main Results: Transmission occurred in 14 (9.7%) couples, including 11 (16.9%) of 65 couples with male and 3 (3.8%) of 79 with female source partners (P = 0.05). The annual rate of acquisition was higher (31.8%) in susceptible female partners who lacked antibodies to either HSV type 1 or 2 at entry compared with females with HSV type 1 antibodies at entry (9.1%). Couples avoiding transmission of HSV reported fewer days with genital lesions in source partners. Detailed histories were available at the time of transmission in 13 couples. In nine couples, transmission occurred when the source partner was reported to be asymptomatic and in four, it resulted from sexual contact at the time of prodrome (1 case) or within hours before lesions were first noticed by the source partner (3 cases). Conclusions: Despite clear recognition of genital herpes in source partners, there was substantial risk for transmission; in 70% of patients, transmission appeared to result from sexual contact during periods of asymptomatic viral shedding. The risk for acquisition of HSV was higher in women than men, and previous HSV type 1 infection appeared to reduce the risk for acquisition of HSV type 2 infection among women.
Errors when statistical hypothesis testing
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A randomised controlled trial evaluated the cost and efficacy of community leg ulcer clinics that used four layer compression bandaging. The control treatment was provision of usual care by district nurses.1 Over the 12 month follow-up, ulcers of patients in the clinic group healed quicker than those in the control group (P=0.03). However, no difference was seen between treatment groups in mean total NHS costs per patient (P=0.89). All statistical tests were two sided, and the critical level of significance was set at 0.05 (5%).

For each of the scenarios below in the total population, determine whether a correct conclusion (a), type I error (b), or type …
Theory and practice of making difficult clinical decisions
Authors: Ed Peile
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The student patient described in this report excited widespread interest in the medical community.1 As well as heartfelt sympathy for the patient and her family over this crisis, respondents have expressed empathy for the clinical team faced with the dilemma of offering best care. Some interesting threads have emerged in the correspondence.2

Doctors of many disciplines have modelled their thinking processes, and there are some wonderful examples of clinical reasoning. From the start, a majority of readers were highlighting the probability of …
Functional dissection of an IFN-α/β receptor 1 promoter variant that confers higher risk to chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Jie Zhou, Jian-Dong Huang, Vincent K.M. Poon, Ding-Qiang Chen, Chris C.S. Chan, Fai Ng, Xin-Yuan Guan, Rory M. Watt, Liwei Lu, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Bo-Jian Zheng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Conflict of interest. The new McCarthyism in science
Authors: K. J. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

MANY scientists and journal editors espouse the principle that a piece of scientific work or criticism is supposed to be judged solely on its scientific merit. In recent years, however, many biomedical journals,<i>JAMA</i>among them,<sup>1</sup>have adopted new policies that require authors to disclose potential conflicts of interest. These disclosures are intended to provide information that is supposed to aid editors and readers in their evaluations of the work: in the words of the former editor of<i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>, such disclosure "alerts readers to information they may wish to have as they assess the published report."<sup>2</sup>Examples of scientific misconduct ranging from sloppiness to fraud have been widely publicized; disclosure policies are supposed to reduce these problems by allowing readers to make a more informed and therefore a better interpretation of published work. Better interpretation of published work is a lofty goal that
Epigenetic Silencing of the Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene <i>Per1</i> in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sigal Gery, Naoki Komatsu, Norihiko Kawamata, Carl W. Miller, Julian Desmond, Renu K. Virk, Alberto Marchevsky, Robert Mckenna, Hirokuni Taguchi, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Epigenetic events are a critical factor contributing to cancer development. The purpose of this study was to identify tumor suppressor genes silenced by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: We used microarray analysis to screen for tumor suppressor genes. Results: We identified Per1, a core circadian gene, as a candidate tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Although Per1 levels were high in normal lung, its expression was low in a large panel of NSCLC patient samples and cell lines. Forced expression of Per1 in NSCLC cell lines led to significant growth reduction and loss of clonogenic survival. Recent studies showed that epigenetic regulation, particularly histone H3 acetylation, is essential for circadian function. Using bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that DNA hypermethylation and histone H3 acetylation are potential mechanisms for silencing Per1 expression NSCLC. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that disruption of circadian rhythms plays an important role in lung tumorigenesis. Moreover, our findings suggest a novel link between circadian epigenetic regulation and cancer development.
Concealed ventricular parasystole uncovered in the form of ventricular escapes of variable coupling.
Authors: G J Nau, A E Aldariz, R S Acunzo, P A Chiale, M V Elizari, M B Rosenbaum
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Exit block from a parasystolic focus is recognized when automatic discharges fail to become manifest during the excitable phase of the ventricular cycle. In the present study, an apparently complete exit block and a persistently concealed ventricular parasystole (VP) resulted from an exit refractory period (ExRP) longer than the sinus cycle length. Slowing of the heart rate caused the concealed VP to become apparent in the form of ventricular escapes of variable coupling and as an idioventricular rhythm that failed to show initial "warming up." These features reflect the fact that the automatic focus is protected from activity of the sinus impulses, which, however, can induce a prolonged ExRP. Seven cases of concealed VP are discussed. In two, concealment occurred spontaneously during the follow-up of a typical VP; in three, it was provoked by conduction-depressing drugs; and in two, ventricular escapes of varying coupling were shown to represent the manifestation of a concealed and previously unrecognized VP. In two cases, isoproterenol caused reappearance of typical VP, probably through a shortening of the ExRP. While isoproterenol may be useful for uncovering a concealed VP, conduction-depressing drugs may be used to provoke or increase exit block. Total extinction of the VP seemed to occur in two patients during follow-up studies.
Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Julius E. Stolfi
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article on prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cummins and Eisenberg<sup>1</sup>make the statement that "Cobb and co-workers in Seattle<i>pioneered</i>the concept of citizen CPR [cardiopulmonary resuscitation] as early as 1971." Although Cobb et al did much to popularize the concept, the record will show that the plan to train "all able-bodied persons over the age of 10 to perform CPR" was originally presented by me in December 1971 at the Second National Conference on Emergency Health Services<sup>2</sup>in Bethesda, Md, speaking on behalf of the American College of Physicians. The following April at the annual session in Atlantic City, NJ, a resolution<sup>3</sup>to the effect that the college's total membership, which was 22,000 at that time, join with the American Heart Association in a national effort to mass-train citizens was approved unanimously by the regents and governors. The<i>New York Times</i>(April 20,
Mechanical Transduction of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in the Beating Heart
Authors: David J. Pinsky, Stephen Patton, Stefan Mesaros, Viktor Brovkovych, Eugeniusz Kubaszewski, Saul Grunfeld, Tadeusz Malinski
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract NO alters contractile and relaxant properties of the heart. However, it is not known whether changes in ventricular loading conditions affect cardiac NO synthesis. To understand this potential contractile-relaxant autoregulatory mechanism, production of cardiac NO in response to mechanical stimuli was measured in vivo using a porphyrinic sensor placed in the left ventricular myocardium. The beating rabbit heart exhibited cyclic changes in [NO], peaking at 2.7±0.1 μmol/L near the endocardium and 0.93±0.20 μmol/L in the midventricular myocardium (concentrations were 15±4% lower in the rat heart). In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that increasing or decreasing ventricular preload in vivo is followed by parallel changes in [NO], which may represent a novel autoregulatory mechanism to adjust cardiac performance or perfusion on a beat-to-beat basis. To quantify the relationship between applied force and NO synthesis, intermittent compressive or distending forces applied to ex vivo nonbeating hearts were shown to cause bursts of NO synthesis, with peak [NO] linearly related to ventricular transmural pressure. Experiments in which denuding cardiac endothelial and endocardial cells abrogated the NO signal indicate that these cells transduce mechanical stimulation into NO production in the heart. Taken together, these studies may help explain load-dependent relaxation, cardiac memory for mechanical events of preceding beats, diseases associated with myocardial distension, autoregulation of myocardial perfusion, and protection from thrombosis in the turbulent flow environment within the beating heart.