tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4849: Role of autophagy in breast cancer metastasis and treatment
Authors: Paola Maycotte, Jackie Thorburn, Andrew Thorburn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Autophagy has shown to be important for tissue homeostasis and many human diseases as well as cancer. However, in cancer its role is controversial because autophagy may both promote and inhibit tumor development and progression. In cancer treatment, autophagy may control the likelihood with which tumor cells die but for different treatments and different tumors these effects may be opposite. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women in the US; and, although it is not yet clear how should we manipulate autophagy in people with cancer, autophagy is already being manipulated in breast cancer patients in clinical trials. Moreover, because most anti-cancer treatments induce autophagy, we may also be inadvertently manipulating autophagy in the majority of breast cancer patients. To evaluate if autophagy is important in breast cancer progression and treatment, we used murine 4T1 cells, a model of metastatic breast cancer. Using matched tumor cells with different metastatic potential we found that basal autophagy was increased with increasing metastasis implying that autophagy is required to allow metastatic progression. To test if treatments that are used for metastatic breast cancer were affected by autophagy, we examined LC3 processing after 4T1 cell treatment with common breast cancer treatments including etoposide, cisplatin, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. In all cases, these drugs increased autophagy; however, although autophagy inhibition with chloroquine treatment increased cell death in clonogenic assays, Atg12 knockdown in 4T1 cells had no effect on either long or short term viability assays after treatment with the four chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, we hypothesize that inhibition of specific steps in the autophagic pathway might have different effects on cell viability after treatment. Further testing of this hypothesis will be discussed. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4849.
331 INCREASED SERUM LEVELS OF TNF-LIKE CYTOKINE 1A (TL1A) AND ITS DECOY RECEPTOR 3 (DCR3) PREDICT ABSENCE OF FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: A.-K. Gantzarou, V. Kotoula, S. Kim, G. Koustiani, M. Pape, G. Germanidis, K. Mandraveli, P. Hytiroglou, E. Akriviadis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Regressive systemic sclerosis.
Authors: C Black, P Dieppe, T Huskisson, F D Hart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Systemic sclerosis is a disease which usually progresses or reaches a plateau with persistence of symptoms and signs. Regression is extremely unusual. Four cases of established scleroderma are described in which regression is well documented. The significance of this observation and possible mechanisms of disease regression are discussed.
Trends in Infectious Diseases Mortality in the United States
Authors: Robert W. Pinner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate recent trends in infectious diseases mortality in the United States. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive study of infectious disease mortality, classifying<i>International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision</i>codes as infectious diseases, consequence of infectious diseases, or not infectious diseases. Multiple cause-of-death tapes from the National Center for Health Statistics for the years 1980 through 1992 were used, with a focus on underlying cause-of-death data and on codes that exclusively represent infectious diseases. <h3>Setting.</h3> —United States. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —All persons who died between 1980 and 1992. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Death. <h3>Results.</h3> — Between 1980 and 1992, the death rate due to infectious diseases as the underlying cause of death increased 58%, from 41 to 65 deaths per 100 000 population in the United States. Age-adjusted mortality from infectious diseases increased 39% during the same period. Infectious diseases mortality increased 25% among those aged 65 years and older (from 271 to 338 per 100 000), and 6.3 times among 25- to 44-year-olds (from six to 38 deaths per 100000). Mortality due to respiratory tract infections increased 20%, from 25 to 30 deaths per 100 000, deaths attributed to human immunodeficiency virus increased from virtually none to 13 per 100000 in 1992, and the rate of death due to septicemia increased 83% from 4.2 to 7.7 per 100000. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Despite historical predictions that infectious diseases would wane in the United States, these data show that infectious diseases mortality in the United States has been increasing in recent years. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:189-193)
Addiction to Glue Sniffing. Julius Merry
Authors: J. Merry, N. Zachariadis
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEIA ORA some aspect of cellular metabolism which is common to a large variety of embryonic cells.Moreover, Taussig (1962) refers to cases in which the drug was taken during a short period only-namely, one week.Nevertheless, the drug's toxicity must be of a relatively mild order, as otherwise death of the foetus in utero would be expected.This point is stressed by Woollam (1962).That thalidomide has toxic effects is, of course, known from its ability to produce neuropathy in the adult (Fullerton and Kremer, 1961).
Genetics
Authors: Dorothy Nelkin
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human immune interferon gene is located on chromosome 12.
Authors: S L Naylor, A Y Sakaguchi, T B Shows, M L Law, D V Goeddel, P W Gray
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

A cDNA clone for human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) gene sequences, plasmid p69, was used to chromosomally map the IFN-gamma gene by detecting human IFN-gamma gene sequences in DNA isolated from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. We were able to map the IFN-gamma gene by correlating the human chromosomes present in these hybrids with the human specific 8.8 and 2.0 kilobase pair fragments produced by EcoRI digestion of genomic DNA. Southern blot analysis of 37 hybrid cell lines indicated that the gene for IFN-gamma was on human chromosome 12. A hybrid containing a portion of chromosome 12 localized the IFN-gamma gene to the p1205 leads to qter region.
Recent Advances in Cancer and Radiotherapeutics: Clinical Oncology
Authors: Philip S. Schein
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In the specialty of oncology an enormous amount of conceptual and clinical information is being generated in the fields of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunology. Welcome, therefore, are periodic efforts to consolidate this mass of data into an interpretable and usable system. This book represents a very readable and well-referenced attempt by 14 British investigators to review selected aspects of current cancer treatment, with emphasis on newer approaches in radiotherapy; the text does not attempt to serve as a comprehensive manual of oncologic therapy. The subject of cancer surgery is restricted to a well-outlined presentation of available data dealing with the controversial issue of optimal operative procedure and role of radiotherapy in the primary management of breast cancer. A useful selective approach is proposed, based on existing clinical information; however, the author has not included results of recent clinical trials testing the efficiency of routine postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. There is
Brain, mind, insanity, and the law
Authors: D Tidmarsh
Journal: BMJ (1991)

the large bowel and found that they did not give rise to malignancies.'At Baragwanath Hospital, colonoscopy studies (over 100 a year) confirm absence of polyps; the colons even of elderly black patients have the same appearance and elasticity as those of young white patients.8Conceivably, any population subsisting on a diet high in foods containing fibre could be similarly protected.In the early 1.800s rural Scots ate oat porridge three times a day, seven days a week, with a thick vegetable soup at night.9In England, rural farm workers consumed a huge amount of bread, several times our present consumption,'0 but virtually all were active physically.Perhaps their gastrointestinal tracts resembled those of rural Africans in their lesser proneness to disease.Present dietary guidelines, however vehemently urged, will never cause the gastrointestinal tract to revert to its pattern in former times.
Differential Inhibition by Aspirin of Vascular and Platelet Prostaglandin Synthesis in Atherosclerotic Patients
Authors: Babette B. Weksler, Stuart B. Pett, Daniel Alonso, Richard C. Richter, Paul Stelzer, Valavanur Subramanian, Karen Tack-Goldman, William A. Gay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We studied the ability of a single oral dose of aspirin to inhibit prostacyclin synthesis by human arterial and venous tissue and to inhibit thromboxane A2 synthesis by platelets in 70 patients who were undergoing aortocoronary bypass. A dose of 40, 80, or 325 mg of aspirin was administered 12 to 16 hours before surgery. The generation of thromboxane in serum — which provides an estimate of platelet thromboxane production — was reduced from the control value by 77, 95, and 99 per cent after single doses of 40, 80, and 325 mg of aspirin, respectively. By contrast, prostacyclin production in aortic tissue that was removed at operation was reduced by only 35, 38, and 75 per cent, respectively, in response to these doses. Production of prostacyclin in saphenous-vein tissue (not tested after 40 mg of aspirin) fell only slightly and not significantly after 80 mg but was reduced by 85 per cent after 325 mg. These findings indicate that a low dose of aspirin (40 to 80 mg) can largely inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane synthesis but has much less effect on prostacyclin production in arterial and venous endothelium. (N Engl J Med. 1983; 308:800–5.)
Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion defects induced by epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Authors: W Tang, M H Weil, R J Gazmuri, S Sun, C Duggal, J Bisera
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Epinephrine has been shown to impair pulmonary excretion of CO2 during resuscitation. This phenomenon was investigated in a rodent model of cardiac arrest and conventional resuscitation. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of racemic epinephrine were compared with the selective alpha 1-agonist methoxamine and with saline placebo during cardiac resuscitation in 15 Sprague-Dawley rats mechanically ventilated with gas containing 70% oxygen. Epinephrine and methoxamine but not saline placebo significantly increased coronary perfusion pressure from approximately 32 to 55 mm Hg. Following epinephrine, end-tidal PCO2 decreased from approximately 10 to 5 mm Hg. This was associated with a time-coincident decrease in PaO2 from approximately 130 to 74 mm Hg and an increase in PaCO2 from approximately 26 to 40 mm Hg. These changes indicated increases in alveolar dead space ventilation concomitant with increases in pulmonary arteriovenous admixture. No such effects were observed after administration of either methoxamine or saline placebo. Each of the 15 rats was successfully resuscitated. However, a significantly larger number of transthoracic countershocks were required after epinephrine compared with methoxamine or placebo before return of spontaneous circulation. CONCLUSIONS Epinephrine induced ventilation/perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation as a result of redistribution of pulmonary blood flow.
Valve ring abscess in active infective endocarditis. Frequency, location, and clues to clinical diagnosis from the study of 95 necropsy patients.
Authors: E N Arnett, W C Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Analysis of 95 necropsy patients with active infective endocarditis (AIE) involving 128 native cardiac valves (aortic = 59, mitral = 48, tricuspid = 20, and pulmomic = 1) disclosed 27 patients with ring abscesses involving 30 valves: the aortic valve ring was infected in 24 patients and only an atrioventricular valve ring (mitral in two, and tricuspid in one) in three patients. Comparison of the following parameters showed no significant differences between the 27 patients with and the 68 patients without ring abscess: age, sex, antibiotic treatment or length of treatment, status of the cardiac valve(s) before infection, and the kind of infecting organism. Comparison of the following parameters, however, showed significant (P less than 0.05) differences between the 27 patients with and the 68 patients without valve ring abscess: 1) infection of the aortic valve; 2) occurrence of valvular regurgitation of recent origin; 3) presence of pericarditis; 4) presence of high degree of atrioventricular block; and 5) short duration of symptoms leading to severe debility or death. These five features, therefore, serve as a clinical clues to the presence of valve ring abscess in patients with AIE.
Cellular Biology of the Uterus
Authors: Robert H. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Ralph Wynn has edited one of the finest books on the uterus ever published. Distinguished scientists and medical men from here and abroad have contributed harmoniously in expounding the complex facets of uterine phenomena. The interdisciplinary approach succeeds in combining classic anatomic-physiologic concepts with recent findings. The 13 chapters have logical continuity and great depth, and some 1,500 references on 1,000 subjects are cited. The clinician is given basic scientific information, and the scientist can find suggestions for future experiments. The text includes uterine embryology; vascular anatomy and physiology; genetic-biochemical-hormonal control of uterine metabolism; comparative delayed implantation and decidualization; myometrial biochemistry—ultrastructure, ionicelectrical activity, and hormonal control; current problems on uterine cellular biology. All authors point out present gaps in uterine knowledge and clearly separate chaff from wheat. The questions stimulate thought about the genetic, chemical, and ultrastructural basis of uterine cells. Throughout, the application of basic principles to hu
Potential role of S100A4 in an immune response of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L. Andres Cerezo, M. Kuklova, M. Grigorian, M. Neidhart, S. Gay, J. Vencovsky, L. Senolt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by systemic and local inflammation caused by enhanced activity of immune cells producing several inflammatory mediators. S100A4 is a protein with metastasis-promoting functions that is significantly upregulated in RA, induces expression of matrix degrading enzymes and regulates apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of S100A4 in an immune response. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from patients with RA. CD14 and CD3 cells were selected from PBMC using microbeads. To investigate extracellular functions, S100A4, S100A8 and S100A12 proteins (1 μg/ml) were used for in vitro experiments. The protein levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 were assessed using ELISA. Receptor involvement was investigated using antibodies against RAGE, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR-2 and inhibitor of MyD88. To determine intracellular signalling pathways, inhibitors of NFκB, p38, ERK1/ERK2 and JNK were used. <h3>Results</h3> S100A4 significantly upregulated expression and production of TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6 in PBMC compared to unstimulated cells (p&lt;0.001). Importantly, production of these cytokines was markedly enhanced in response to S100A4 compared to S100A8 or S100A9. In addition, S100A4 upregulated TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6 in both CD14 and CD3 cells (p&lt;0.005). Furthermore, S100A4 induced secretion of these cytokines was significantly blocked by NFκB inhibitor (p&lt;0.01), MyD88 inhibitor (p&lt;0.02) and antibody against TLR-4 (p&lt;0.02), but not by antibodies against RAGE or TLR-2. Blockade of MAP-kinase p38 inhibited most significantly synthesis of TNF-α. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first study to demonstrate S100A4 as a potent proinflammatory mediator involved in an immune response. Here the authors show that S100A4 induces production of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in PBMC via TLR-4 and NFκB dependent pathway and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.
Direct and sympathetically mediated venoconstriction in essential hypertension. Enhanced responses to endothelin-1.
Authors: W G Haynes, M F Hand, H A Johnstone, P L Padfield, D J Webb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Endothelin-1 is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide. Although circulating concentrations are not increased in essential hypertension, enhanced sensitivity to endothelin-1 has been observed in animal models of hypertension. We investigated dorsal hand vein responses to local infusion of endothelin-1 and norepinephrine in 12 patients with essential hypertension who had never received treatment and in 12 age and sex matched normotensive control subjects. The maximal venoconstriction and the geometric mean of the dose of norepinephrine that caused 50% of maximal venoconstriction were similar in hypertensive (mean +/- SE; 80 +/- 4%; 31 +/- 8 pmol/min) and normotensive subjects (87 +/- 5%, 22 +/- 9 pmol/min). In contrast, mean venoconstriction to endothelin-1 was significantly greater in hypertensive (49 +/- 5%) than in normotensive subjects (27 +/- 2%; P = 0.004). Sympathetically mediated venoconstriction elicited by deep breath was substantially potentiated by endothelin-1 in hypertensive (67 +/- 7% at 90 min) but not normotensive subjects (11 +/- 3% at 90 min; P = 0.001). Venoconstriction to endothelin-1 correlated positively with mean arterial pressure in the hypertensive subjects (r = 0.82; p = 0.001) but negatively in the normotensive subjects (r = -0.58; p = 0.047). Endothelin-1 may contribute to the reduction of venous compliance occurring in the early stages of essential hypertension and to the altered systemic hemodynamics in this condition.
Standardisation of serological tests for rheumatoid factor measurement.
Authors: F Klein, M B Janssens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Standardisation of quantitative data obtained by several types of rheumatoid factor test was achieved by the use of a reference serum preparation. Interlaboratory comparability improved for the latex fixation test, the Waaler-Rose test, the IgM RF test by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for the antiperinuclear factor test. Use of a common method and latex preparation was not sufficient to improve comparability for the latex test. The comparability of IgM RF tests by immunofluorescence (IF) was not changed by reading against a common reference. It is concluded that expression in international units, as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO), improves interlaboratory comparison of quantitative data in rheumatoid serology.
A SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE METHOD OF ANÆSTHETIZING THE PHARYNGEAL TONSIL.Read in the Section of Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: J. E. BOYLAN
Journal: JAMA (1890)

I wish to exhibit a simple instrument which, in my hands, has filled a long felt want. I am in the habit of removing hypertrophied adenoid tissue from the vault of the pharynx, with the patient in the sitting position, and without giving a general anæsthetic, to which I reluctantly resort, only in exceptional cases. In operating in this way, the greatest difficulty I had to contend with, was the very considerable pain which was invariably present, and which at times prompted the patient to refuse peremptorily a second introduction of the instrument. Local applications of cocaine, either by spraying through the nose, or worse, by means of the application of a brush to the naso-pharynx, proved most unsatisfactory; in the one case the sensitive nasal mucous membrane was chiefly affected by the cocaine; in the other, repeated introductions of the brush were usually impeded by reflex contractions of the
Too many heart patients discharged without follow-up care
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Introduction</h3> With an increasing prevalence of citizens of older age and with overweight, the health issues related to knee osteoarthritis (OA) will intensify. Weight loss is considered a primary management strategy in patients with concomitant overweight and knee OA. However, there are no widely available and feasible methods to sustain weight loss in patients with overweight and knee OA. The present protocol describes a randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in a 3 mg/day dosing in patients with overweight and knee OA. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> 150 volunteer adult patients with overweight or obesity and knee OA will participate in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group and single-centre trial. The participants will partake in a run-in diet intervention phase (week −8 to 0) including a low calorie diet and dietetic counselling. At week 0, patients will be randomised to either liraglutide 3 mg/day or liraglutide placebo 3 mg/day for 52 weeks as an add-on to dietetic guidance on re-introducing regular foods and a focus on continued motivation to engage in a healthy lifestyle. The co-primary outcomes are changes in body weight and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain subscale from week 0 to week 52. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The trial has been approved by the regional ethics committee in the Capital Region of Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Danish Data Protection Agency. An external monitoring committee (The Good Clinical Practice Unit at Copenhagen University Hospitals) will oversee the trial. The results will be presented at international scientific meetings and through publications in peer-reviewed journals. <h3>Trial registration numbers</h3> 2015-005163-16, NCT02905864, U1111-1171-4970 <h3>Based on protocol version</h3> V.6; 30 January 2017, 15:30 hours