tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Second person intentional relations and the evolution of social understanding
Authors: Juan Carlos Gomez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Second person intentional relations, involving intentional activities directed at the perceptor, are qualitatively different from first and third person relations. They generate a peculiar, bidirectional kind of intentionality, especially in the realm of visual perception. Systems specialized in dealing with this have been selected by evolution. These systems can be considered to be the evolutionary precursors to the human theory of mind.
Solvent-free atom transfer radical polymerization for the preparation of poly(poly(ethyleneglycol) monomethacrylate)-grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and cellular uptake
Authors: Qu-Li Fan, Koon-Gee Neoh, En-Tang Kang, Borys Shuter, Shih-Chang Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Should radiologists talk to patients?
Authors: G R J Sissons
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the 12 000 dives surveved by us included episodes of rapid or uncontrolled ascent.For what it is worth, we have anecdotal reports of six divTing incidents relating to asthmatic divers-four in which there were rapid ascents and two in which divers developed bronchospasm underwater.In all of these cases the divers concerned surfaced safely.As medical examiners who dive we make it our business to discuss with our clients the examination, the implications of any abnormal findings, and any possible theoretical risks.We believe that this approach is adequate for medicolegal purposes.It would seem reasonable to advise people with well controlled asthma who wish to dive that they mav do so as long as they understand the theoretical risks.The real risk, if in practice there is one, would seem slight according to currently available data.Therefore the British Sub-Aqua Club's current recommendations seem adequate.
Biased steps toward reasonable conclusions: How self-deception remains hidden
Authors: Roy F. Baumeister, Karen Pezza Leith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

How can self-deception avoid intention and conscious recognition? Nine processes of self-deception seem to involve biased links between plausible ideas. These processes allow self-deceivers to regard individual conclusions as fair and reasonable. Bias is only detected by comparing broad patterns, which individual self-deceivers will not do.
Esophageal insertion of polyflex stents without fluoroscopy in peptic strictures
Authors: J. García-Cano
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

I read with great interest the article by Dormann et al. on the use of a recently marketed self-expanding plastic stent (Polyflex, Rüsch, Germany) to alleviate dysphagia caused by esophageal carcinoma [1]. As the authors expected, the use of this type of stent has now extended to include benign strictures [2], and the stent is also increasingly being used to seal perforations and anastomotic leaks in the esophagus [3]. The Polyflex stent is easy to remove and reposition [1], and this may be an important element in its increasingly widespread use. Although the Polyflex stent is mainly inserted by endoscopists, fluoroscopic monitoring during insertion has been used with it as well - as with other stents in the gastrointestinal tract. As endoscopists often have difficulty in using fluoroscopy facilities correctly, a method of inserting this type of plastic stent with endoscopic guidance alone is described here. This method has been used three times in patients with severe and distal esophageal peptic strictures who did not respond to standard dilation procedures.
First among Equals — Francis Crick
Authors: Horace Freeland Judson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Francis Crick, who died on July 28, was the premier theorist of molecular biology. Among the founders of the science, he stood out, first among equals — and few equals, at that: Max Delbrück, Linus Pauling, Jacques Monod, Max Perutz, all dead, and François Jacob, Joshua Lederberg, James Watson, and Sydney Brenner. Though different in their approaches, these scientists shared a style of mind that Crick personified: they were relentless, committed, immersed. In the joy of battle, they could be brutally candid. A younger scientist who had worked with Crick once remarked that “Francis was ruthless, chopping up problems and . . .
Large tumors too slippery for T cells?
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

On page 2125, Quezada et al. find that big tumors might evade T cell destruction by shutting down adhesion molecules.






Figure 1

Boosting adhesion molecule expression in tumor blood vessels (red) allows more tumor-killing T cells (green) to gain access.




Tumor-fighting T cells work better when suppressive regulatory T (T reg) cells are not lurking. But treatments that either deplete T reg cells or boost anti-tumor T cell activity aren't enough to destroy tumors, as Quezada et al. now show.

As seen in other tumor models, skin tumors in mice were destroyed when the group depleted T reg cells before tumor implantation. But if they depleted T reg cells after tumors had already developed, the treatment failed, even if the animals were given T cell–boosting drugs. Plenty of potential tumor-killing T cells were available, but they did not seem to infiltrate the tumors.

Small tumors, at least, were sensitive to T cells. When T reg cell depletion was combined with T cell–boosting drugs, small, newly implanted tumors were destroyed. But well-established tumors resisted the effects of this regimen.

Established tumors, the group found, had fewer adhesion molecules on surrounding blood vessels. To determine whether these adhesives might help T cells invade bigger tumors, the group induced adhesion molecules in mice using irradiation. Zapped mice that were then injected with anti-tumor T cells along with activity-enhancing drugs fought off tumors. But irradiated mice that were also injected with T reg cells put up a weak fight. How tumors dial down adhesion molecules as they grow and whether T reg cells coerce them into doing so remain to be seen.

The findings might explain why treatments that deplete T reg cells and enhance killer T cell activity haven't fared well in clinical trials. Perhaps combining them with irradiation might make them more effective.
Hypomagnesemia and bronchial hyperreactivity.
Authors: G. ROLLA, C. BUCCA
Journal: Allergy (1989)

In a 37‐year‐old woman, a heavy smoker and an alcoholic, bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine (PC 20 FEV 1 0.8 mg/ml) was related to hypomagnesemia (0.55 mmol/l). After acute magnesium repletion (24 h i.v. infusion MgSO 4 6 g, serum magnesium 1.05 mmol/l), histamine PC 20 FEV 1 increased up to 9.8 mg/ml. The role of magnesium in modulating smooth muscle contractility is discussed and the importance of checking serum magnesium in patients with airway obstruction is suggested.
Relationships Between Knowledge and Experience in the Use of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Agents
Authors: Jeoffrey K. Stross
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The timely dissemination of new medical information is a complex and often faulty process. We surveyed primary care physicians to determine their knowledge and use of disease-modifying antirheumatic agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Only 26.2% of patients hospitalized for rheumatoid arthritis had been treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic agents in the past, and 13.9% were presently receiving them. When responding to a clinical vignette on rheumatoid arthritis, only 12% (10/84) of practitioners would implement therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic agents, while the majority would refer the patient to a rheumatologist. Experience with similar patients was clearly the factor that led to initiation of therapy. While 73% of practitioners were aware of the value of disease-modifying antirheumatic agents, only 14% prescribed them in the last year. These findings suggest that dissemination of information concerning disease-modifying antirheumatic agents has been successful, but the problems inherent in their use result in referral rather than initiation of therapy.
Response: the role of RUNX1 isoforms in hematopoietic commitment of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Dan Ran, Kentson Lam, Wei-Jong Shia, Miao-Chia Lo, Jun-Bao Fan, David A. Knorr, Patrick I. Ferrell, Zhaohui Ye, Ming Yan, Linzhao Cheng, Dan S. Kaufman, Dong-Er Zhang
Journal: Blood (2013)
Progression of coronary artery calcification and cardiac events in patients with chronic renal disease not receiving dialysis
Authors: Domenico Russo, Salvatore Corrao, Yuri Battaglia, Michele Andreucci, Antonella Caiazza, Angelo Carlomagno, Monica Lamberti, Nicoletta Pezone, Andrea Pota, Luigi Russo, Maurizio Sacco, Bernadette Scognamiglio
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

We tested for the presence of coronary calcifications in patients with chronic renal disease not on dialysis and studied its progression in 181 consecutive non-dialyzed patients who were followed for a median of 745 days. Coronary calcifications (calcium score) were tallied in Agatston units by computed tomography, and the patients were stratified into two groups by their baseline calcium score (100 U or less and over 100 U). Survival was measured by baseline calcium score and its progression. Cardiac death and myocardial infarction occurred in 29 patients and were significantly more frequent in those patients with calcium scores over 100 U (hazard ratio of 4.11). With a calcium score of 100 U or less, the hazard ratio for cardiac events was 0.41 and 3.26 in patients with absent and accelerated progression, respectively. Thus, in non-dialyzed patients, the extent of coronary calcifications was associated to cardiac events, and progression was an independent predictive factor of cardiac events mainly in less calcified patients. Hence, assessment of coronary calcifications and progression might be useful for earlier management of risk factors and guiding decisions for prevention of cardiac events in this patient population.
The Nature and Stability of the Plasma Membrane
Authors: J. B. FINEAN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Structural features of plasma membranes have been derived from chemical and structural data on nerve myelin, a multilayered membrane system which is highly favorable for direct study. Molecular constituents of such membranes have been related to electron-density distribution curves derived from x-ray diffraction patterns of myelin in fresh nerve tissue. These curves relate to the variations of electron density through the thickness of the membrane layer, and they indicate significant structural differences between Schwann-cell and glial-cell membranes. Experience with the myelin system has also facilitated discussion of the distribution of molecular constituents within the plane of the membrane and the possibility of variations in this distribution in relation to function.
Polyneuritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Labe Scheinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE occurrence of neurologic symptoms and signs in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus is well known, but the majority of these are the result of involvement of the central nervous system. Only a few well studied cases of associated polyneuritis have been reported.1 , 2 The incidental finding of peripheral mononeuritis, usually preterminally, has been recorded in a few autopsied cases without any report of the autopsy protocol of the isolated clinical findings.3 , 4 Sedgwick and Von Hagen5 described the occurrence of polyneuritis in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus, but the data presented are insufficient to support the diagnosis. A second . . .
Tf-lipoplex-mediated c-Jun silencing improves neuronal survival following excitotoxic damage in vivo
Authors: A.L.C. Cardoso, P. Costa, L.P. de Almeida, S. Simões, N. Plesnila, C. Culmsee, E. Wagner, M.C. Pedroso de Lima
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
WITHDRAWN: Low dose ribavirin for treatment of HCV infected thalassemia major patients: New indications for combination therapy
Authors: Seyed Vahid Tabatabaei, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Maryam Keshvari, Bita Behnava, Seyyed Mohammad Miri, Pegah Karimi Elizee, Farhad Zamani, Sedigheh Amini Kafi-abad, Ahmad Gharehbaghian, Bashir Hajibeigy, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Predicting Cardiovascular Events with Coronary Calcium Scoring
Authors: William S. Weintraub, George A. Diamond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The thoughtful clinician takes it to be self-evident that intensity of therapy should be proportional to risk of disease.1,2 Ever since Bigger coined the term "risk stratification" to characterize this intuitive process,3 more than 3000 articles (according to a recent PubMed literature search) have been published on the subject — at a rate that is doubling every 5 years.4 Nearly 40% of these articles focus on cardiovascular medicine, where "risk stratification" has become something of a mantra for rational, evidence-based clinical management.Predicting who will have a cardiovascular event is indeed an important clinical and societal goal. Currently, the . . .
Prolonged survival in Richter syndrome with subsequent reemergence of CLL: A case report including serial cell‐surface phenotypic analysis
Authors: Michael A. Baumann, Joseph A. Libnoch, Catherine W. Patrick, Hongyung Choi, Robert H. Keller
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

The development of a large cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Richter syndrome) is associated with a poor prognosis. There is dispute regarding the clonal origin of the large cell component. We described a patient in whom prolonged remission of the large cell component was achieved with combination chemotherapy, followed by subsequent reemergence of the less aggressive CLL clone. Serial cell surface phenotypic data are presented suggesting origin of both histologies from a common B-cell clone.
Reaction to "Varidase"
Authors: J. M. Neutze, A. R. Bean
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BwDI JRNkL profitable to think of the damaged bronchus as a lodging-place where the tyroglyphus mite may grow by ingestion of secretions and products of inflammation in the bronchus, because the mite develops in a disintegration product of organic matter.The possible route of infection through the alimentary tract cannot be entirely dismissed if the mite is located in a nodule that does not communicate with the bronchus.Such a finding was not observed.The lesions in the alveolar and peribronchial areas were composed of histiocytic or lymphocytic infiltration without leucocytes being seen, indicating the presence of subacute inflammation.Large quantities of black- brown pigment granules were present either free or taken up in the histiocytes.It was supposed by Landois and Hoepke (1914) that the pigment granules were produced by the mite.Bronchopneumonia accompanied by pulmonary acariasis is considered to be a reaction to these substances.Natural cure may occur by expectoration of the mite, whereas when the bronchus becomes damaged and loses its ciliated epithelium, as in our case, the mite remains in the bronchus for a long time, to delay the course of the disease.
Basic Contributions to Medicine by Research in Psychiatry
Authors: John Romano
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THOUGHTFUL MEN are, or should be, critically aware of the hazards of selective history. With this assumption I have selected certain aspects of modern psychiatry which I believe contribute significantly to the theory and practice of medicine. This selection is not based on a consensus of my colleagues as investigators, teachers, and practitioners; nor am I the spokesman of organized professional societies to which I belong, nor necessarily of the university department of which I am a member. As will become clear to you, it is not an exhaustive survey or a systematic documentation of the relevant literature. It is based upon my personal experiences in the past 25 years as student and faculty member of 6 medical schools and their hospitals in the United States and while engaged in teaching, patient care, clinical investigation, and administration in fields generally subsumed under the captions of emotional and mental illness,
Pharmacotherapy: non-serotonergic mechanisms
Authors: R Spiller
Journal: Gut (2002)

Antidepressants rapidly relieve pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and are effective at low doses. Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors appear to be more effective than selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors, suggesting that pathways other than those modulated by serotonin may be involved in visceral sensation. Visceral sensitivity is reduced by both centrally and peripherally acting opioids, suggesting the possible existence of an endogenous opioid deficiency in patients with IBS. The alpha(2) adrenoceptor antagonist clonidine, as well as somatostatin, oxytocin, and possibly amitriptyline have also been shown to act as visceral analgesics. As knowledge increases, there are undoubtedly many other possible targets, and new drugs currently undergoing development may provide future benefit in patients with IBS.
Online restaurant reviews identify outbreaks of undetected foodborne illness
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Health officials in New York City were able to discover previously undetected foodborne illness outbreaks by tracking comments about restaurants appearing on the business review website, Yelp.

The city’s public health officials got the idea of using Yelp reviews when, during an outbreak investigation, they noticed that restaurant patrons had reported illnesses on the website that had not been reported to the department of health.

Lead author Cassandra Harrison of New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and her colleagues describe the results of a pilot project using Yelp reviews for outbreak detection in the 23 May issue of the US Centers …
Therapeutic Snare-Ectomy of an Early Carcinoma in the Cardia
Authors: M. Henke, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

Referred to by: “Snare-ectomy” of an early carcinoma in the cardia – a landmark for therapeutic endoscopyEndoscopy 2019; 51(06): 507-508DOI: 10.1055/a-0894-4523
Country of Birth as a Risk Factor for Asthma among Mexican Americans
Authors: Fernando Holguin, David M. Mannino, Josep Antó, Joshua Mott, Earl S. Ford, W. Gerald Teague, Stephen C. Redd, Isabelle Romieu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

In the United States, among Hispanics, Mexican Americans have the lowest rate of asthma. However, this population includes Mexican Americans born in the United States and in Mexico, and risk factors that might impact the prevalence of asthma differ between these groups. To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for asthma among U.S.- and Mexican-born Mexican Americans, we analyzed data from two U.S. surveys that included 4,574 persons who self-reported their ethnicity as Mexican American from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1998-1994 and 12,980 persons who self-reported their ethnicity as Mexican American from National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 1997-2001. U.S.-born Mexican Americans were more likely than Mexican-born Mexican Americans to report ever having asthma in both the NHANES III (7% [SE 0.5] vs. 3% [SE 0.3], p < 0.001) and NHIS surveys (8.1% [0.4] vs. 2.5% [0.2], p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model controlling for multiple demographic variables and health care, the risk for asthma was higher among U.S.-born Mexicans in NHANES III (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.3) and NHIS (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.6-5.5). In conclusion, the prevalence of asthma was higher in U.S.-born than in Mexican-born Mexican Americans. This finding highlights the importance of environmental exposures in developing asthma in a migratory population.
Intrahepatic IL-8 producing Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells and fibrogenesis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Bettina Langhans, Benjamin Krämer, Marcell Louis, Hans Dieter Nischalke, Robert Hüneburg, Andrea Staratschek-Jox, Margarethe Odenthal, Steffen Manekeller, Michael Schepke, Jörg Kalff, Hans-Peter Fischer, Joachim L. Schultze, Ulrich Spengler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
MMEF or FEV<sub>1</sub> in Estimating Bronchial Obstruction in Asthmatic Children
Authors: G. Dalén, B. Kjellman
Journal: Allergy (1983)

In this study the maximal mid‐expiratory flow (MMEF) was compared with forced expiratory volume in 1sec (FEV 1 ) by a spirometric investigation of healthy children and children with slight bronchial obstruction. We found that the reproducibility of MMEF was good in both healthy nd asthmatic children and that both methods had the same ability to detect abnormality before inhalation of a beta 2 ‐receptor agonist had the same inhalation the discriminatory power was greater for FEV 1 than for MMEF and we therefore prefer FEV1 1 in estimating bronchial obstruction in children.
Cell immobilization in gelatin–hydroxyphenylpropionic acid hydrogel fibers
Authors: Min Hu, Motoichi Kurisawa, Rensheng Deng, Choon-Meng Teo, Annegret Schumacher, Ya-Xuan Thong, Lishan Wang, Karl M. Schumacher, Jackie Y. Ying
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Medical litigation: who benefits?
Authors: A. Barton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The primary purpose of clinical negligence litigation is to obtain compensation for the victims, and thereby to provide a system of professional accountability and medical investigation. It ought to benefit patients; the reality is different—a state funded, largely self serving industry that is detrimental to patients and clinical practice.

Legal aid provides the oxygen of medical litigation as most cases are publicly funded. Understanding legal aid is the key to understanding the politics and economics of medical litigation. It is intended to give access to justice for those who cannot afford legal services. However, most people are financially ineligible for legal aid but cannot afford legal services. Many lawyers are unwilling to use the conditional fee system while legal aid is available, so most people are denied access to justice.

> Legal aid diverts scarce funds for patient care to lawyers' pockets 

Legal aid is granted by the Legal Services Commission on the basis of advice from the applicant's lawyer. Such advice is not independent as the lawyer …