tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Worry Exposure versus Applied Relaxation in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Jürgen Hoyer, Katja Beesdo, Andrew T. Gloster, Juliane Runge, Michael Höfler, Eni S. Becker
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Worry exposure (WE) is a core element of cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Its efficacy as a stand-alone treatment method (without further cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions) has never been tested.We aimed to examine whether WE alone is as efficacious as the empirically supported stand-alone treatment for GAD, applied relaxation (AR). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; In a randomized controlled study, 73 outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for GAD as primary diagnosis were allocated to either WE or AR or a waiting list control group; in a 2nd randomization procedure the waiting list subjects were reallocated to WE or AR. The treatment was manualized (15 sessions with WE or AR), included 6-month and 1-year follow-ups, as well as last observation carried forward and completer analyses, and was controlled for allegiance effects.The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Scale were used as primary outcome measures. Self-report scales of anxiety, worrying and depression including negative metacognition about worrying and thought suppression served as secondary outcome measures. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The dropout rate was moderate. The pre-/posttreatment effects were high for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (standardized mean difference &gt;1) and for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (standardized mean difference &gt;0.87). The proportion of patients reaching high end state functioning was 48% (WE) and 56% (AR). WE and AR did not differ with regard to dropout rate or treatment effects. The treatment effects were stable at 6 month and 1 year follow-up. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; This is the first study to show that a stand-alone exposure in sensu technique – WE – is efficacious in the treatment of GAD. Both AR and WE seem to represent effective principles of change in GAD.
Impact of obesity on outcomes for patients hospitalised with pneumonia
Authors: Phoebe King, Eric M. Mortensen, Mary Bollinger, Marcos I. Restrepo, Laurel A. Copeland, Mary Jo V. Pugh, Brandy Nakashima, Antonio Anzueto, Polly Hitchcock Noël
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Obesity is an increasing problem in the USA, and research into the association between obesity and pneumonia has yielded conflicting results. Using Department of Veterans Affairs administrative data from fiscal years 2002–2006, we examined a cohort of patients hospitalised with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia. Body mass index was categorised as underweight (&lt;18.5 kg·m −2 ), normal (18.5–24.9 kg·m −2 , reference group), overweight (25–29.9 kg·m −2 ), obese (30–39.9 kg·m −2 ) and morbidly obese (≥40 kg·m −2 ). Our primary analyses were multi level regression models with the outcomes of 90-day mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor utilisation. The cohort comprised 18 746 subjects: 3% were underweight, 30% were normal, 36% were overweight, 27% were obese and 4% were morbidly obese. In the regression models, after adjusting for potential confounders, morbid obesity was not associated with mortality (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.72–1.28), but obesity was associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.74–0.99). Neither obesity nor morbid obesity was associated with ICU admission, use of mechanical ventilation or vasopressor utilisation. Underweight patients had increased 90-day mortality (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.14–1.73). Although obesity is a growing health epidemic, it appears to have little impact on clinical outcomes and may reduce mortality for veterans hospitalised with pneumonia.
The Nystagmus of Spasmus Nutans in Infants
Authors: W. T. H. Spicer
Journal: BMJ (1901)

<h3>Purpose</h3> WEB Flow disruption is an innovative endovascular treatment for wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. Three prospective multicenter GCP (Good Clinical Practice) studies were conducted in Europe (WEBCAST, French Observatory, WEBCAST2). Safety and efficacy data are analyzed in the cumulated population of these 3 studies. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with wide neck bifurcation aneurysms were included in these 3 studies. An independent medical monitor independently analyzed adverse events. Follow-up imaging was obtained at 6 and 12 months in WEBCAST study and at 12 months in French Observatory. An independent expert in Interventional Neuroradiology evaluated anatomical results using the 3 grades scale: complete occlusion, neck remnant, and aneurysm remnant. In WEBCAST, the reader was also directly comparing evolution of anatomical results between 6 months and 12 months classified as improved, stable, or worsened. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 168 patients (112 females, 66.7%) with 169 aneurysms including 14 ruptured (8.3%) were included in the 3 studies (51 patients in WEBCAST, 62 in French Observatory, and 55 in WEBCAST2). Eighty-six out 169 aneurysms were located at middle cerebral artery (50.9%), 36/169 at anterior communicating artery (21.3%), 30/169 at basilar artery (17.8%), and 17/169 at internal carotid artery terminus (10.1%). Placement of the WEB device was feasible in 163/169 aneurysms (96.4%). Morbidity and mortality at one month were reported in 4/168 patients (2.4%) and 0/168 patients (0.0%), respectively. At 6 months, morbidity and mortality were reported in 1/99 patients (1.0%) and 3/99 patients (3.0%), respectively (there was no follow-up at 6 months in French Observatory). Anatomical results at 6 months (WEBCAST and WEBCAST2) were complete aneurysm occlusion in 51/90 aneurysms (56.6%), neck remnant in 23/90 aneurysms (25.5%), and aneurysm remnant in 16/90 aneurysms (16.7%). Anatomical results at 12 months (WEBCAST and French Observatory) were complete aneurysm occlusion in 56/100 aneurysms (56.0%), neck remnant in 26/100 aneurysms (26.0%), and aneurysm remnant in 18/100 aneurysms (18.0%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This analysis in the large cumulated population of 3 GCP studies confirms the high safety of WEB treatment with low morbidity and mortality at one month and 6 months. At 6 and 12 months, adequate occlusion (complete aneurysm occlusion and neck remnant) was obtained in a high percentage of aneurysms (82.2% and 82.0%, respectively). <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>L. Pierot:</b> 2; C; Sequent. <b>A. Molyneux:</b> 2; C; Sequent. <b>J. Byrne:</b> 2; C; Sequent.
Blaschko line acne on pre-existent hypomelanosis reflecting a mosaic<i>FGFR2</i>mutation
Authors: D. Kiritsi, A.I. Lorente, R. Happle, J. Bernabeu Wittel, C. Has
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Blaschko line acne on pre‐existent hypomelanosis reflecting a mosaic FGFR2 mutation Get access D. Kiritsi, D. Kiritsi Department of Dermatology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Hauptstrasse 7 79104 Freiburg Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.I. Lorente, A.I. Lorente Dermatology Department Virgen del Rocio University Hospital Sevilla Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Happle, R. Happle Department of Dermatology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Hauptstrasse 7 79104 Freiburg Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Bernabeu Wittel, J. Bernabeu Wittel Dermatology Department Virgen del Rocio University Hospital Sevilla Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Has C. Has Department of Dermatology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Hauptstrasse 7 79104 Freiburg Germany Correspondence: Cristina Has. E‐mail: cristina.has@uniklinik-freiburg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 4, 1 April 2015, Pages 1125–1127, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13491 Published: 01 April 2015
THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF QUININE
Authors: ROLLA B. HILL
Journal: JAMA (1935)

From time immemorial the physician has been inclined to prescribe, and the patient to take, quinine only so long as fever continues. Since the organization of malaria campaigns, the malariologist has been concerned over the frequency of relapse—not always distinguished from reinfection—and has tended to combine the treatment of the acute attack with the prevention of relapse. He has therefore encouraged longer and longer treatments, hoping thereby to obtain a radical cure.  This tendency culminated, in the United States, in the standard treatment, developed by Bass and recommended by the National Malaria Committee, in which intensive treatment was given for two months. Bass 1 stated that most patients will relapse after treatment of a week or less but that 100 per cent of cases would be cured with daily treatment for three or four months.  Recent researches, however, especially in therapeutic malaria, are giving new light on the natural history
Alternatives to Ileostomy After Colectomy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: B M Taylor, R W Beart
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

Proctocolectomy and Brooke ileostomy have long been the standard surgical procedure for patients with refractory ulcerative colitis or colonic Crohn's disease. Ileorectal anastomosis, ileoanal anastomosis, the continent ileostomy, and the continent ostomy valve are now being used in selected patients as options to the Brooke ileostomy. The indications for and advantages of these procedures and their potential disadvantages and contraindications are discussed in this chapter.
Misoprostol as an adjunct to standard uterotonics for treatment of post-partum haemorrhage: a multicentre, double-blind randomised trial
Authors: Mariana Widmer, Jennifer Blum, G Justus Hofmeyr, Guillermo Carroli, Hany Abdel-Aleem, Pisake Lumbiganon, Nguyen Thi Nhu Ngoc, Daniel Wojdyla, Jadsada Thinkhamrop, Mandisa Singata, Luciano E Mignini, Mahmoud Ahmad Abdel-Aleem, Tran Son Thach, Beverly Winikoff
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Rapamycin Reverses Elevated mTORC1 Signaling in Lamin A/C–Deficient Mice, Rescues Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Function, and Extends Survival
Authors: Fresnida J. Ramos, Steven C. Chen, Michael G. Garelick, Dao-Fu Dai, Chen-Yu Liao, Katherine H. Schreiber, Vivian L. MacKay, Elroy H. An, Randy Strong, Warren C. Ladiges, Peter S. Rabinovitch, Matt Kaeberlein, Brian K. Kennedy
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Rapamycin treatment of a mouse model for a human laminopathy improves cardiac and muscle function, suggesting a therapy for human patients.
A metabolic phenotyping approach to understanding relationships between metabolic syndrome and breast tumour responses to chemotherapy
Authors: J. Stebbing, A. Sharma, B. North, T.J. Athersuch, A. Zebrowski, D. Pchejetski, R.C. Coombes, J.K. Nicholson, H.C. Keun
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Language acquisition recapitulates language evolution?
Authors: Teresa Satterfield
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Christiansen &amp; Chater (C&amp;C) focus solely on general-purpose cognitive processes in their elegant conceptualization of language evolution. However, numerous developmental facts attested in L1 acquisition confound C&amp;C's subsequent claim that the logical problem of language acquisition now plausibly recapitulates that of language evolution. I argue that language acquisition should be viewed instead as a multi-layered construction involving the interplay of general and domain-specific learning mechanisms.
Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with or without angiography: a secondary, prespecified analysis of the TRILOGY ACS trial
Authors: Stephen D Wiviott, Harvey D White, E Magnus Ohman, Keith AA Fox, Paul W Armstrong, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Gail Hafley, Yuliya Lokhnygina, William E Boden, Christian Hamm, Peter Clemmensen, Jose C Nicolau, Alberto Menozzi, Witold Ruzyllo, Petr Widimsky, Ali Oto, Jose Leiva-Pons, Gregory Pavlides, Kenneth J Winters, Matthew T Roe, Deepak L Bhatt
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
The Neuroblastoma-Associated F1174L ALK Mutation Causes Resistance to an ALK Kinase Inhibitor in ALK-Translocated Cancers
Authors: Takaaki Sasaki, Katsuhiro Okuda, Wei Zheng, James Butrynski, Marzia Capelletti, Liping Wang, Nathanael S. Gray, Keith Wilner, James G. Christensen, George Demetri, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Scott J. Rodig, Michael J. Eck, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The ALK kinase inhibitor crizotinib (PF-02341066) is clinically effective in patients with ALK-translocated cancers, but its efficacy will ultimately be limited by acquired drug resistance. Here we report the identification of a secondary mutation in ALK, F1174L, as one cause of crizotinib resistance in a patient with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring a RANBP2-ALK translocation who progressed while on crizotinib therapy. When present in cis with an ALK translocation, this mutation (also detected in neuroblastomas) causes an increase in ALK phosphorylation, cell growth, and downstream signaling. Furthermore, the F1174L mutation inhibits crizotinib-mediated downregulation of ALK signaling and blocks apoptosis in RANBP2-ALK Ba/F3 cells. A chemically distinct ALK inhibitor, TAE684, and the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG are both effective in models harboring the F1174L ALK mutation. Our findings highlight the importance of studying drug resistance mechanisms in order to develop effective clinical treatments for patients with ALK-translocated cancers.
Left atrial filling in normal human subjects: relation between left atrial contraction and left atrial early filling
Authors: Y. TOMA, Y. MATSUDA, K. MORITANI, H. OGAWA, M. MATSUZAKI, R. KUSUKAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Relations between left atrial contraction and left atrial early filling were studied in eight subjects with atypical chest pain from simultaneous left atrial pressure recordings and left atrial cineangiograms. The left atrial ejection phase was defined as the interval from the onset of the sharp systolic rise in left atrial pressure (a point) to the point of minimum left atrial volume (Vmin). The left atrial filling phase was divided into (a) the early filling phase, the period from Vmin to the nadir of left atrial pressure (x), and (b) the late filling phase, the period from x to the point of maximum left atrial volume (Vmax). During the early filling phase, when the left atrium filled as left atrial pressure diminished, approximately 37% of total atrial filling took place. There was a direct relation between left atrial volume measured at a and x points (r = 0.91, p less than 0.01). The extension fraction, measured as the ratio of filling volume during the early filling phase to minimum left atrial volume, was significantly correlated with ejection fraction, measured as the ratio of ejected volume (delta V) during ejection phase to left atrial volume at the a point (r = 0.97, r = 0.01). Both mean and peak filling rates of left atrial volume change during the early filling phase were directly proportional to the ejected volume, the ejection fraction, and the mean ejection rate of left atrial volume change during the ejection phase. Thus these results suggest that there is close interaction between left atrial contraction and left atrial early filling.
<i>Circulation Research</i> Editors’ Yearly Report: 1999–2000
Authors: Eduardo Marbán, Roberto Bolli, Gerda Breitwieser, Rudi Busse, Hal Dietz, Masao Endoh, Toren Finkel, David Kass, Charles Lowenstein, Marlene Rabinovitch, Gordon Tomaselli
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)
Soluble CR1 Therapy Improves Complement Regulation in C3 Glomerulopathy
Authors: Yuzhou Zhang, Carla M. Nester, Danniele G. Holanda, Henry C. Marsh, Russell A. Hammond, Lawrence J. Thomas, Nicole C. Meyer, Lawrence G. Hunsicker, Sanjeev Sethi, Richard J.H. Smith
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Dense deposit disease (DDD) and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) are widely recognized subtypes of C3 glomerulopathy. These ultra-rare renal diseases are characterized by fluid-phase dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway that leads to deposition of complement proteins in the renal glomerulus. Disease triggers are unknown and because targeted treatments are lacking, progress to end stage renal failure is a common final outcome. We studied soluble CR1, a potent regulator of complement activity, to test whether it restores complement regulation in C3 glomerulopathy. In vitro studies using sera from patients with DDD showed that soluble CR1 prevents dysregulation of the alternative pathway C3 convertase, even in the presence of C3 nephritic factors. In mice deficient in complement factor H and transgenic for human CR1, soluble CR1 therapy stopped alternative pathway activation, resulting in normalization of serum C3 levels and clearance of iC3b from glomerular basement membranes. Short-term use of soluble CR1 in a pediatric patient with end stage renal failure demonstrated its safety and ability to normalize activity of the terminal complement pathway. Overall, these data indicate that soluble CR1 re-establishes regulation of the alternative complement pathway and provide support for a limited trial to evaluate soluble CR1 as a treatment for DDD and C3GN.
PRODUCTION OF BACTERIOCINES BY GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE NEPHRITOGENIC TYPES
Authors: Ann G. Kuttner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Colicinelike substances, bacteriocines, are produced by many strains of Group A and non-Group A streptococci. Bacteriocines were detected by their inhibitory action on the growth of 2 Group A strains which served as indicators. Streptococcal bacteriocines were demonstrable on agar plates only if the bacteriocine-producing strain and the indicator lawn were alive and actively growing. The inhibitory substances diffused slowly into the agar during the course of growth. Bacteriocines were not replicated in the zones of inhibition in which the microorganisms of the indicator strains were killed. Attempts by various methods to separate bacteriocines from living bacteria were unsuccessful. In contrast to the many strains which produced bacteriocines, only a few strains of Group A streptococci were suitable to serve as indicators for bacteriocine production. Strains of Group A streptococci of the nephritogenic types 12, 4, and 49 produced bacteriocines most consistently. Strains of other types, isolated from patients with acute rheumatic fever or from children with uncomplicated streptococcal pharyngitis, produced bacteriocines infrequently. Among non-Group A streptococci bacteriocine-positive and bacteriocine-negative strains occurred in approximately equal numbers. It was shown by Wilson and by Bernheimer that the majority of the strains of the nephritogenic types were leukotoxic and produced DPNase. Bacteriocine production is another common characteristic property of these special types.
Cancer Incidence by Levels of Cholesterol
Authors: Roger R. Williams, Paul D. Sorlie, Manning Feinleib, Patricia M. McNamara, William B. Kannel, Thomas R. Dawber
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In 5,209 subjects studied for 24 years in Framingham, Mass, 691 cases of cancer were documented, with histological confirmation for 94%. Predetermined personal characteristics were tested for associations with subsequent occurrence of cancer at specific sites using multiple logistic regression. Significant associations of various cancer sites with cigarette smoking, alcohol use, education, height, weight, and parity agreed with other studies. Serum cholesterol level was inversely associated with incidence of colon cancer and with other sites only in men; these inverse associations were statistically significant after adjustment for age, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, education, systolic blood pressure, and relative weight. Associations may reflect effects of competing lethal diseases, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that promote or inhibit development of cancer in men, biologic or social response to early and undiagnosed states of cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:247-252)
Reliability and construct validity of ultrasonography of soft tissue and destructive changes in erosive osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal finger joints: a comparison with MRI
Authors: R. Wittoek, L. Jans, V. Lambrecht, P. Carron, K. Verstraete, G. Verbruggen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To study the reliability and construct validity of ultrasound in interphalangeal finger joints affected by erosive osteoarthritis (EOA) and non-EOA with MRI as the reference method. <h3>Methods</h3> 252 joints were examined by ultrasound, conventional radiography and clinical examination. Ultrasound was performed using a high-frequency linear transducer (12×18 MHz). On the same day, magnetic resonance images of 112 joints were obtained on a 3.0 T magnetic resonance unit. The ultrasound and MRI images were re-read independently by other readers unaware of the diagnosis, clinical and other imaging findings. Interobserver reliability was calculated by the percentage of exact agreement obtained and κ statistics. With MRI as the reference method, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in detecting structural (bone erosions and osteophytes) and soft tissue (effusion and grey-scale synovitis) changes in EOA were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> Ultrasound and MRI were found to be more sensitive in detecting erosions than conventional radiography in EOA. A high agreement between ultrasound and MRI in the assessment of bone erosions (77.7%), osteophytes (75.9%) and synovitis (86.5%) was present. A high percentage of inflammatory changes was found in EOA, and in smaller amount in non-EOA, both confirmed by MRI. Good interobserver reliability of ultrasound was obtained for all variables (all median κ &gt;0.8). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Grey-scale ultrasound proved to be a reliable and valid imaging technique to assess erosions and soft tissue changes, compared with MRI as a reference method in EOA.
Tripe palms associated with systemic mastocytosis: the role of transforming growth factor-α and efficacy of interferon-alfa
Authors: None Chosidow, None BÉcherel, None Piette, None Arock, None DebrÉ, None FrancÈS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Tripe palms are thickened, moss‐like or velvety textured exaggerations of the normal dermatoglyphics. The disease belongs to the spectrum of papulosquamous paraneoplastic syndromes. Although suspected, the role of transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α) has not been clearly established. A 54‐year‐old man with systemic mastocytosis presented with thickening and darkening of the palms and soles. We performed skin biopsies for light microscopy (including toluidine blue), in situ hybridization and double labelling, and determination of serum tryptase, histamine and TGF‐α levels. Toluidine blue stained the mast cells that had massively infiltrated the dermis. Tripe palm samples showed extensive hyperkeratosis. The TGF‐α probe reacted strongly with the mast cells that also reacted with the antitryptase monoclonal antibody. Elevated tryptase, histamine and TGF‐α levels prior to interferon‐alfa administration decreased under treatment. The demonstration of TGF‐α in infiltrating mast cells, the clinical regression of tripe palms and the lowering of the serum level and the mast cell molecular signal of the cytokine when systemic mastocytosis was controlled by interferon‐alfa, suggest a key role for TGF‐α in this cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome.