tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial performance after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum.
Authors: S D Colan, E Trowitzsch, G Wernovsky, G F Sholler, S P Sanders, A R Castaneda
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Left ventricular dimensions, wall thickness, wall stress, and indexes of afterload, preload, contractility, and early diastolic function, as well as regional wall motion, were determined by echocardiographic methods in patients with transposition of the great vessels after arterial switch operation and in age-matched normal controls. In patients evaluated early after surgery, body surface area-adjusted left ventricular dimensions were smaller, and wall thickness was increased compared with controls. Ventricular performance (fractional shortening) was normal in most patients but was abnormally low in 10%. Nevertheless, contractility was normal or augmented in all subjects, with a mean value higher than the control group. The reduction in systolic function was related to altered loading conditions with a combination of reduced afterload and preload combined with augmented contractility. These altered myocardial mechanics appeared to be secondary to routine therapy with digitalis and diuretics. Diastolic function was also normal with differences in the rate of peak filling and rate of wall thinning entirely attributable to differences in ventricular size and function, and normalized indexes of diastolic function were not different between patients and controls. Patients evaluated late after repair were found to have normal regional wall motion with no evidence to suggest regional dysfunction as might be seen with regional ischemia. Ventricular size, wall thickness, systolic function, afterload, preload, contractility, and early diastolic function were indistinguishable from control values. Indexes of diastolic function demonstrated the same relation to age, body surface area, and ventricular size and function in both patients and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ETIOLOGY OF CHOLECYSTITIS AND CHOLELITHIASIS.
Authors: WALTER L. BIERRING
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In considering the diseases of the gall bladder it is necessary to recognize that this viscus constitutes one of the most vulnerable points for infection in the abdominal cavity, and in this respect is analogous to the fallopian tube and the appendix. A difference is noted in comparison with the appendix in that in the latter structure infective agents are more or less constantly present in its lumen normally, while the gall bladder is generally free from microorganisms; furthermore, infection of the gall bladder concerns itself more with the contents than the walls, the sterile bile becoming a culture medium for microorganisms, while in appendix infection the coats are more prominently involved.
Fluoromicroscopic studies of bleomycin-induced intracellular oxidation in alveolar macrophages and its inhibition by taurine.
Authors: M Bhat, Y Rojanasakul, S L Weber, J Y Ma, V Castranova, D E Banks, J K Ma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The mechanism of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is not yet clear. Recent studies have shown that alveolar macrophages (AM) can be stimulated by bleomycin in vitro releasing inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the interaction of bleomycin with AM is an important step in the drug-induced fibrotic process. Bleomycin is known to bind DNA and generate oxygen radicals through complexation with Fe2+ and oxygen. To provide more insight into the cellular oxidative property of bleomycin, we have developed a fluoromicroscopic method using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFHDA) as an oxidative fluorescence probe to study the bleomycin-induced intracellular oxidation in rat AM and the inhibition of the oxidation by taurine, a compound known to inhibit the bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Bleomycin at 5 to 20 micrograms/ml has a moderate stimulatory effect (1.87- to 2.66-fold) on the secretion of superoxide anion. A high concentration of bleomycin (20 micrograms/ml), however, inhibits cell response to zymosan-induced secretion of superoxide anion. At 4 micrograms/ml, bleomycin has no effect on cell membrane integrity or morphology but results in a significant increase in intracellular oxidation. This oxidative process is Fe(2+)-dependent and is accompanied by an increase in intracellular calcium (35 nM). Both the intracellular oxidation and calcium rise induced by internalized bleomycin are inhibited by pretreatment of cells with varying concentrations of taurine (25, 125, and 187.5 microM). The inhibitory effect on intracellular oxidation was found to be 36, 57, and 60%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Libman-Sacks Endocarditis and Embolic Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Carlos A. Roldan, Wilmer L. Sibbitt, Clifford R. Qualls, Rex E. Jung, Ernest R. Greene, Charles M. Gasparovic, Reyaad A. Hayek, Gerald A. Charlton, Kendall Crookston
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Outcome for Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Referred for Trimodality Therapy in Western Australia
Authors: Arman Hasani, John M. Alvarez, Jenny Ma Wyatt, Sean Bydder, Michael Millward, Michael Byrne, Arthur W. (Bill) Musk, Anna K. Nowak
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Results of a simple intervention to improve documentation quality in major trauma
Authors: Ahmed Twaij, Fernando Candal Carballido, Jalal Maryosh, Philip Pucher
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

OBJECTIVES Accurate and thorough documentation is an important part of medical care, providing a legally binding historical record of events and means of communication. Trauma is a complex multidisciplinary environment, in which documentation is particularly important, but can be poor as a result. We investigate the effect of introducing a proforma documentation booklet, acting as a physical prompt to ensure full patient assessment, as well as full documentation, on documentation quality. METHODS A case note review of all major trauma patients admitted over 12 months at a district hospital was performed by clinicians with case note review experience 6 months before and after introduction of a trauma booklet. Documentation quality was assessed, as was the presence of complete trauma teams. RESULTS A total of 297 consecutive trauma patients over 12 months were reviewed: 136 patients preintervention and 161 patients after implementation of the trauma booklet. Use of a trauma booklet significantly increased the rate of primary survey documentation [82.8% (114/136) vs. 98.8% (159/161), χ P<0.001]. Similar results were seen for documented completion of secondary surveys [39% (53/136) vs. 66.5% (107/161), P<0.001]. Following implementation of a trauma booklet, a significant increase in full trauma team presence was observed (43.4 vs. 67.1%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated the potential of the introduction of a structured proforma to significantly improve documentation quality in major trauma. In the future, all hospitals accepting trauma patients could benefit from the introduction of similar proformas.
Hydroxyurea use during pregnancy: A case report in sickle cell disease and review of the literature
Authors: Orna Diav-Citrin, Laura Hunnisett, Graham D. Sher, Gideon Koren
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

A patient being treated for sickle cell disease with hydroxyurea (1 g/d) conceived, and drug treatment was discontinued at nine weeks gestational age. The pregnancy and delivery were complicated by vaso-oclusive crises. A healthy male infant was born at 39 weeks with no evidence of congenital malformations. A literature review, including this case, suggests that the risk of hydroxyurea exposure during in pregnancy may have been overestimated. Further studies are required to determine its safety in pregnancy. Am. J. Hematol. 60:148–150, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Management of Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: L. Davidson, K. W. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1958)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The completion of the human genome significantly improved our ability to discover and interpret genome copy number variation. In order to understand its impact on the characterization of inversion polymorphisms, we remapped data from 41 human genomes and 10 new samples against the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) reference genome as compared to the standard GRCh38 reference. Our analysis shows a ~21% increase in sensitivity identifying and improving mapping of 63 inversions. We further identify 26 misorientations within GRCh38, and show that the T2T reference is three times more likely to represent the correct orientation of the major human allele. As a result, we report a significant bias for inversions accumulating within the pericentromeric regions of specific chromosomes and show that functional annotations around inverted regions, such as topological-associated domains, can be better interpreted.
Treatment Differences and Other Prognostic Factors Related to Breast Cancer Survival
Authors: Anna Lee-Feldstein
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine differences in and relative importance of treatment modalities by hospital type and their effect on survival of breast cancer patients.Cohort of population-based cancer registry breast cancer patients diagnosed from 1984 through 1990. The analysis was done within this cohort, stratified by hospital type and treatment modality.Orange County, California, residents diagnosed and treated for breast cancer in 126 hospitals (small community, large community, health maintenance organization [HMO], or teaching).A total of 5892 non-Hispanic white women with no known prior cancer and with localized or regional, histologically confirmed breast cancer.Effects of treatment modality and hospital type on survival. Adjustments for differences in age, tumor size, number of positive lymph nodes, and histology were included in the analysis.Use of recommended breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was greatest among teaching hospitals, where more than 50% of patients with localized disease received BCS between 1988 and 1990 and 40% to 50% with regional disease received BCS between 1984 and 1990. At nonteaching hospitals, 30% or less of patients received BCS between 1984 and 1989, regardless of stage. Rates of survival after BCS were at least as good as rates of survival after total mastectomy, other factors being equal. Survival rates varied by hospital type for patients with localized disease, with significantly better rates at large community hospitals and significantly worse rates at HMO hospitals in comparison with small hospitals. Patients with regional disease at large hospitals had a significant survival advantage.Greater use of BCS is strongly urged. Overall, large community hospitals had significantly better survival rates than small community and HMO hospitals. Further follow-up will determine if treatment and survival differences by hospital type persist.
"IRRADIATION AS A POSSIBLE TREATMENT OF THE DENTAL ROOT 'ABSCESS'"
Authors: Robert H. Ivy
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some points mentioned in Dr. Bloodgood's recent communication require comment. The differential diagnosis of inflammatory conditions producing areas of bone destruction about root apexes of teeth does not present difficulty to one thoroughly familiar with pathologic conditions of the teeth so frequently as Dr. Bloodgood's letter would indicate. The presence or absence of response of the teeth involved to tests for pulp vitality (heat, cold, electricity) is one important factor not mentioned by him. Careful reading of properly made roentgenograms in conjunction with the clinical examination will differentiate inflammatory conditions from tumors and cysts in a great majority of cases. In the presence of infected dead dental pulp tissue, practically always found in cases of inflammatory bone destruction about tooth apexes, no amount of irradiation, cautery or surgical treatment directed to the bone lesion alone will bring about a permanent cure, unless the source of infection in
Judge rules that cancer patient should have lifesaving surgery
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Doctors will be allowed to carry out cancer surgery on a woman with learning disabilities against her wishes, a judge has ruled.

The treatment was ordered by Nicholas Wall, president of the Family Division in the Court of Protection, after surgeons at the hospital where the woman was being treated applied for permission to force her to have surgery. They said that without a hysterectomy and removal of her ovaries and fallopian tubes the patient’s cancer of the uterus would eventually kill her.

The woman, known as PS, has a phobia of hospitals and needles and has …
Hazard of the Cope Biopsy Needle
Authors: Galen Barbour
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Use of the Cope biopsy needle has increased steadily since its introduction.1It is a valuable tool to obtain pleural, peritoneal, or other tissue quickly and more easily than through open surgical biopsy. Nonetheless, the instrument has its hazards and should be used cautiously. Pneumothorax and excessive bleeding are well-recognized complications of the pleural biopsy procedure. A further complication is noted.  Report of a Case.—  A 51-year-old man presented with a history of tuberculosis and pleurisy, for which he had received no medical therapy. Roentgenogram of the chest revealed a 2-cm mass in the upper lobe of the right lung with an associated pleural effusion.  Pleural biopsy was attempted with the Cope needle. The instrument was inserted and positioned but would not retract into the cannula at the time of biopsy. The needle was cleared with the inner trocar and the biopsy procedure repeated without removing the
A Statistical Reappraisal of the Findings of an Esophageal Cancer Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Alexander Statnikov, Chun Li, Constantin F. Aliferis
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

To the Editor: 

A recent esophageal cancer genome-wide association study by Hu and colleagues ( [1][1]) identified 37 statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and reported a nearly perfect classification of cancer cases and controls on the basis of only these SNPs. Taken at
Reply to D. Rayson et al
Authors: Steven A. Narod, Kelly A. Metcalfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

If Drs Rayson and Gelmon are under the impression that we have influence over how the Globe and Mail chooses to present its news items, they are mistaken—perhaps their comments should be addressed to the Globe Editorial office. We too are frustrated by the incessant optimism of the media when they enter into the realms of genetics or oncology—each gene discovery ineluctably will lead to a treatment of a devastating genetic disease, each new molecule is a target for a new cancer drug—but we suppose that unfettered optimism is good for the newspaper business and is included in the price we pay for freedom of the press. When the Ashkenazi founder mutations were identified in 1995, the prevailing mood was that Jewish community leaders (among other stakeholders) should be invited to participate in formulating testing policy within the community. This has always troubled us and we agree with Rayson and Gelmon that the decision to undergo genetic testing should be personal, individual, and made in confidence, and that access to genetic testing should not be contingent on the endorsement of the local rabbinate. We approached the question of testing all Jewish women with scientific skepticism. This prompted us to conduct a survey of the participants in this study to measure “the potential emotional angst and psychological turmoil” augured by Rayson and Gelmon. After 1 year, 1,390 (92.8%) of the 1,497 subjects who responded to our questionnaire “expressed satisfaction with the testing process (mean satisfaction score was 4.2 out of 5) and said they would recommend it to others.” In our opinion, if the benefits of genetic testing are to be realized, we must devote more attention to testing women before a diagnosis of cancer. Currently at Women’s College Hospital, approximately 80% of women identified to have a BRCA mutation are without cancer (in British Columbia and in Nova Scotia, the number is approximately 39%). Based on this, we have chosen to expand our research screening program in the Jewish community to include an additional 5,000 healthy Ontario women. If the opinions of Drs Rayson and Gelmon are representative of the medical communities of Nova Scotia and British Columbia, then it is unlikely that populationbased genetic screening for Jewish women will be introduced in those provinces any time soon. At Women’s College Hospital, we hope to expand our research program to include all Jewish women in Canada, regardless of their province of residence.
THE EFFECT OF CONDITIONS UPON THE LATENT PERIOD AND RATE OF ASEPTIC POST MORTEM AUTOLYSIS DURING THE FIRST TEN HOURS
Authors: Holmes C. Jackson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. Under certain conditions, general autolysis does not begin immediately upon the removal of the organ from its circulation. This latent period is more apt to be present in those cases in which the tissues have been temporarily cooled on account of the use of a cold saline diluent or in which the percentage concentration of the inorganic salts (calcium or potassium), of the tissues have been changed by dilution with a sodium chloride solution. The presence of blood and absence of fats and of glycogen in the cells act as important factors in prolonging the latent period. 2. Attempts to produce an alkaline reaction (phenolphthalein) in the tissue resulted negatively. Solutions of disodium hydrogen phosphate and of sodium bicarbonate when added to the liver tissues gave a mixture which was acid to phenolphthalein and had no apparent effect upon autolysis. 3. The addition of antiseptics-chloroform and toluol-markedly decreased the rate of autolysis. Ordinary light produced no effect. 4. Ethyl butyrate when added to the tissue became hydrolysed into butyric acid; the formation of this acid in the mixture caused a decided acceleration in the autolytic rate. The acidity of a solution of dihydrogen sodium phosphate failed to produce a similar result. 5. The figures for the changes in the depression of the freezing-point, non-coaguable nitrogen and reaction of the autolytic mixture do not parallel one another. In some experiments a marked increase in the depression of the freezing-point was unaccompanied by augmentation of non-coagulable nitrogen. 6. General autolysis is the sum total of proteolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic factors. Each of these autolytic factors may proceed alone for a time; the rate of one is decidedly influenced by the presence or absence of the others. The acid products which are the result of amylolytic (lactic acid) and of lipolytic (higher fatty acids) autolysis, exert a pronounced augmentative effect upon the commencement and rate of nitrogenous autolysis.
Quality of Medical Care-Reply
Authors: William E. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In Reply.—  I thoroughly agree with Dr Beyer's view that medicine in this country is generally very good and that many physicians spend a great deal of time working on audit and tissue committees to further improve the quality of care in their hospitals. However, I do have a few relatively minor reservations about one of the examples given in his letter.  Most surgeons see patients referred  an opinion regarding surgery rather than for surgery, and it is part of our responsibility as consultants to dispute the diagnosis if we think surgery is inappropriate. We may be wrong in deciding not to operate, but it would certainly be irresponsible to operate solely to avoid disagreeing with the referring physician or out of an inordinate fear of ever being wrong by not operating. The conscientious exercise of surgical judgment not to operate often requires considerable courage; I am sure that
693 EFFECTS OF AMLODIPINE, CAPTOPRIL AND BEZAFIBRATE ON SPLENIC HISTOLOGY AND SPLENOCYTES APOPTOSIS IN RATS WITH FATTY LIVER
Authors: Z. Ackerman, M. Grozovski, M. Oron-Herman, T. Rosenthal, B.A. Sela, G. Amir
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Type B Botulism Outbreak Caused by a Commercial Food Product
Authors: William H. Barker
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In the week of May 7,1973, seven persons contracted botulism after eating together. The most common symptoms were vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, dysphagia, and dysphonia. All were treated with trivalent botulinal antitoxin, and none died. Serum specimens obtained from all seven patients were negative for botulinal toxin, but stool specimens from three patients were positive for type B toxin. Electromyographic studies performed on five patients documented the neurophysiologic abnormalities of botulism. Commercially canned peppers in oil were implicated epidemiologically, and type B toxin was identified in leftover peppers. The processor voluntarily recalled the pepper product, and no further cases were reported. (<i>JAMA</i>237:456-459, 1977)
99mTc Pertechnetate Thyroid Scan Leads to Serendipitous Detection of Metastatic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lemonia Mathiopoulou, Alexandra Chrisoulidou, Maria Boudina, Periklis Mitsakis, Stylianos Mandanas, Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

99mTc pertechnetate is considered insensitive in detecting thyroid carcinoma metastases. We report the case of a 71-year-old male patient, in whom metastasis of an unknown thyroid cancer was diagnosed incidentally on a routine 99mTc pertechnetate scan, performed for the assessment of nodular thyroid disease. Marked tracer accumulation was unexpectedly noted on the left frontal region, where a palpable, painless, soft tissue mass was present. Surgical excision of the mass revealed metastatic poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma synchronous to soft tissue and adjacent bone.
Delayed Audiofeedback (DAF) for Induction of Anxiety
Authors: Francis W. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1963)

By means of a delayed auditory feedback system, an anxiety situation was created in 16 subjects. Alcohol in low dosage (50 mg/100 cc blood level) effected a pronounced deficiency in performance. Nortriptyline did not alter performance, and when it was given in combination with ethanol the performance scores inclined to revert toward normalcy.
Phenobarbitone and Frozen Shoulders
Authors: A. J. Lyons
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BRUr=HAL 843 of the warts should be left to other measures less harmful, like local applications, placebo tablets, and even some forms of charming.Your Expert replies that the use of placebos and charming may take months and even years to effect a cure.He advises incision and curetting.If a patient has 30 to 40 warts on a hand this would be a very lengthy procedure, not at all pleasant, and very likely to be followed by scarring.The disappearance of multiple warts can be effected fairly quickly by suggestion under hypnosis, or, in hypnosis-resistant cases, by the suggestive use of a placebo.Personal experience with 15 cases of multiple warts supports this view.The ages of the cases were from 9 to 50 years.Nine cases responded to hypnosis, four to placebo suggestion, and two failed to respond.The time taken for the warts to disappear was from two days to five weeks.The following is an illustrative case: