tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heat in Tumor Therapy
Authors: Max L. M. Boone
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Le Veen et al (235:2198, 1976) describe their experience in treating 21 cancer patients with hyperthermia induced by radiofrequency (RF) diathermy. Their clinical results, though anecdotal, are consistent with the conclusion that if the temperature of tumors are elevated "above the thermal death point for tissue," necrosis will result. This is not a surprising conclusion, and is in fact the basis of electrocautery. These results should not be confused with hyperthermic cancer therapy in the range of 42 to 45 C, in which destruction of tumor cells can be achieved without necrosis.<sup>1</sup> The authors imply that their technique of heating is unique. This is hardly the case. An RF heating system for localized hyperthermia has been described by Gerner et al<sup>2</sup>and is actively used by that group. Furthermore, an RF unit specifically for tumor hyperthermia and operating at precisely the frequency described by Le
Do Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease Share Common Antecedents?
Authors: Michael P. Stern
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Recent evidence suggests that non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and cardiovascular disease, rather than being related as underlying disease and complication, share common genetic and environmental antecedents, that is, they "spring from the same soil." Fetal and early-life nutritional deficiencies appear to predispose persons to both NIDDM and cardiovascular disease in later life. The insulin resistance syndrome, including abdominal obesity, may constitute the intermediate link between fetal and early-life nutritional deficiency and later disease. The insulin resistance syndrome includes insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia with high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and hypertension. Each element of the insulin resistance syndrome has been firmly established as a risk factor for development of diabetes. In addition, most of these elements are also well-recognized cardiovascular risk factors, although the weight of evidence now suggests that hyperinsulinemia itself is not. This last point is significant because of concern that aggressive insulinization of diabetic patients, which has been proved to reduce microvascular complications, might paradoxically increase the risk for large-vessel atherosclerosis. Available clinical trials suggest that this fear is unwarranted, but definitive trials are needed to resolve this important clinical question.
Headache: Key Diseases Series
Authors: Shanker Dixit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 February 2005Headache: Key Diseases SeriesShanker Dixit, MDShanker Dixit, MDFrom LaCrosse, Wisconsin.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-3-200502010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Loder EW, Martin VT. 304 pages. Philadephia: American Coll Physicians; 2004. $32.00. ISBN 1930513380. Order at www.acponline.org.Field of medicine: Neurology.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants.Purpose: To enable physicians and practitioners to manage the spectrum of headache disorders encountered within primary care, with particular emphasis given to management of migraine.Content: This book deals with commonly encountered types of headache. It has chapters devoted to migraine, secondary headaches, and women's issues. The section on difficult patients with headache will be very useful for daily practice. It covers some aspects of headache in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From LaCrosse, Wisconsin. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 2005Volume 142, Issue 3Page: 232KeywordsElderlyEmergency departmentHeadachesMigraineNeurologyNursesPrimary care physiciansQuestionnairesSecondary headachesSoftware tools ePublished: 1 February 2005 Issue Published: 1 February 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusion Treated by Ileo-colic Aortic Anastomosis
Authors: I. Ranger, M. P. Spence
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL JOURNAL95The 102 women were a very assorted group in shape, size, age, and occupation, as they were chosen only by their length of sentence.As a toxic reaction was found only in 3 % and was of a mild nature it can be assumed that it is safe and probably advantageous to give metronidazole in twice-daily doses.I thank Dr. Martin Hynes, consultant pathologist to the Royal Northern Hospital, and his laboratory staff for culturing
Genetic hemochromatosis in Italian patients with prophyria cutanea tarda: possible explanation for iron overload
Authors: Silvia Fargion, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Riccardo Romano, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Maristella Faré, Michela Mattioli, Alberto Piperno, Guido Ronchi, Gemino Fiorelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
CONTINENTAL VIEWS OF ALCOHOL IN THERAPEUTICS.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The impression prevails that alcohol is used unquestioned as a drug in all the wine and beer making countries of Europe. A therapeutist and author recently wrote that "only in America and among a few extremists is there a doubt of the value of alcohol as a remedy." I propose to give a brief review of the revolution of practice and theory concerning alcohol in medicine now going on in Europe. Thirty years ago the general principle of practice was stimulation. Alcohol was supposed to rouse up and support vital forces in disease. Twenty-three years ago the first practical denial was put into a permanent position in a public hospital in London, where alcohol was seldom or never used. At first its use was confined to certain extreme cases, then pure alcohol of a definite strength, reduced in water, was administered. Finally, it was abandoned and is now rarely used,
Mycophenolate Mofetil for Lupus Nephritis
Authors: W. Joseph McCune
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, life-threatening disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Its pathogenesis includes autoantibody-mediated organ damage and antiphospholipid-antibody–mediated hypercoagulability. Among patients who have lupus the incidence of cardiovascular disease is 10 to 50 times as high as among age-matched control subjects. Optimal therapy for lupus would, with acceptable risk, control immune complex–mediated disease, reduce thrombotic risk, retard the progression of atherosclerosis, and reduce dependence on corticosteroids. Cyclophosphamide, which is currently the mainstay of treatment for severe lupus flares, is associated with a high rate of complications, including gonadal failure, infection, and secondary malignant disease. Physicians . . .
Depression: epidemic or pseudo-epidemic?
Authors: F E James
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

D Summerfield (March 2006 JRSM1) reports that the epidemiology of depression is difficult as emotion is understood differently in Eastern and Western cultures.

Emotion is a word that presents difficulty for us all. The Concise Oxford Dictionary records the word emotion as originating in the 16th century replacing the older word passion and that it is from the French emouvoir, to excite.

The taxonomy of emotions presents many difficulties; in 1872 Darwin2 wrote only of emotional expression in man and animals. Shand in 18693 noted that sentiments were groups of emotions dependant on the environment. If one loved a person and something good happened to them, one was happy; if something adverse occurred, sadness resulted.

A further refinement was suggested by McDougall,4 who in 1905 stated that moods were a tendency to primary emotion, e.g. rage or fear. Much was written in the 20th century about the lmbic system and emotion. Attempts were also made to divide emotions into primary, blended and derived—the latter are not shared with animals as they are constructed by cognitive functions.

A current view has been expressed by Carpenter,5 who suggests that there are two basic emotions in man and animal—arousal and withdrawal. Arousal is associated with'fight or flight' and the sympathetic system: withdrawal is associated with a range of depressive states.

It seems that human behaviour, as with other sciences, needs its own specific—a subject discussed by C P Snow (The Two Cultures. Cambridge University Press).
Fluorosis; the Health Aspects of Fluorine Compounds
Authors: B. Dixon Holland
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This scholarly, clearly and succinctly written book deals authoritatively with the fluorides, particularly the inorganic ones, and with the recognition, assessment, prevention, control, and treatment of their harmful effects on man, animals, and plants. At the same time, it establishes the value of the fluorides, not only to man's economy, but also to his health and effectively refutes the objections raised to the fluoridation of public water supplies for the prevention of dental caries.   book cites 204 references to the literature on its subject. These are arranged for convenience in the alphabetic order of the names of their authors. It contains 34 tables and 11 figures, all carefully selected.  book consists of an introduction and 13 chapters, titled, respectively, Occurrence of Fluorides, Skeletal Fluorosis in Man, Ingestion, Inhalation, Excretion, and Storage,  Concentration in Blood and Effects on Enzymes, Acute Fluoride Poisoning in Man, The Effects of Organic
Osteopaths and Legislation.
Authors: Robert T. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1903)

New York, March 28, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It seems incredible that the osteopaths should have been enabled to gain favorable legislation in several states, and it makes one feel that the physicians have not properly presented the matter in discussions before legislative committees. On several occasions when I have been present it was painfully evident that regular physicians who were being depended on by members of the committee had not read any of the books or other literature of the osteopaths, and that they were not prepared to take a dignified position in discussions. It seems to me that the osteopaths could always be defeated without the necessity for any very elaborate argument if some physician would take the trouble to have properly-prepared specimens of spinal columns to show to members of the committee. I have chosen a longitudinal section of a child three or four years of age,
Experience of directive in the Netherlands
Authors: O. T Terpstra
Journal: BMJ (2008)

When in 1993 the Dutch parliament approved a law restricting the working time of junior doctors to 48 hours a week, the surgical community in the Netherlands experienced all of the classic stages of mourning as described by Kubler-Ross. Major concerns were the reduction in training time, resulting in less experienced young surgeons, and the problems of devising rotas. The same worries are felt in the UK.1

The Dutch Ministry of Labour …
HODGKIN'S DISEASE WITH DERMAL AXD SUBDERMAL NODULES AND PURPURA
Authors: R. T. BRAIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1930)

Journal Article HODGKIN'S DISEASE WITH DERMAL AXD SUBDERMAL NODULES AND PURPURA Get access R. T. BRAIN, M.D., M.R.C.P. R. T. BRAIN, M.D., M.R.C.P. First Assistant to Skin‐Department, London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 42, Issue 10, 1 October 1930, Pages 445–448, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1930.tb09370.x Published: 01 October 1930
Elaboration of a consensual definition of de-escalation allowing a ranking of β-lactams
Authors: E. Weiss, J.-R. Zahar, P. Lesprit, E. Ruppe, M. Leone, J. Chastre, J.-C. Lucet, C. Paugam-Burtz, C. Brun-Buisson, J.-F. Timsit, C. Brun-Buisson, F. Bruneel, J. Chastre, S. Lasocki, M. Leone, P. Montravers, S. Nseir, C. Paugam-Burtz, S. Pease, J.-F. Timsit, E. Weiss, M. Wolff, S. Alfandari, B. Fantin, B. Gachot, P. Lesprit, J.-C. Lucet, G. Potel, C. Pulcini, C. Rabaud, P. Tattevin, L. Armand-Lefevre, J.-D. Cavallo, V. Jarlier, O. Joint-Lambert, J. Robert, E. Ruppé, P.-L. Woerther
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
The impact of antisocial lifestyle on health
Authors: J. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An antisocial lifestyle comprises a range of related behaviours that include violent and non-violent offending, substance misuse, truancy, reckless driving, and sexual promiscuity, some of which constitute self evident health risks.1 Overall, onset peaks at 8-14 years, prevalence peaks at 15-19, and desistance peaks at 20-29 years of age. Early onset predicts a long antisocial career. Since antisocial behaviour and risk taking is more prevalent in men, explanations may be biological as well as social. Antisocial individuals tend to be versatile in their behaviours, although early adulthood is characterised by a switch from group offending to lone offending. Overall, diversification in antisocial behaviours is seen up to the age of about 20, followed by gradual specialisation in particular types of antisocial behaviours, such as illicit use of drugs.2

Independent precursors of an antisocial lifestyle include antisocial child behaviour, impulsivity, school failure, an antisocial family, poor parenting, and economic deprivation.2 Turning points away from an antisocial lifestyle include getting a job, getting married, moving to a better area, …
Triple-Targeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses Featuring the Cox2 Promoter, E1A Transcomplementation, and Serotype Chimerism for Enhanced Selectivity for Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Gerd J. Bauerschmitz, Kilian Guse, Anna Kanerva, Artur Menzel, Isabell Herrmann, Renee A. Desmond, Masato Yamamoto, Dirk M. Nettelbeck, Tanja Hakkarainen, Peter Dall, David T. Curiel, Akseli Hemminki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAd's) feature selective replication in and killing of tumor cells. Initial clinical studies with relatively attenuated early generation agents have resulted in promising safety and efficacy data. Nevertheless, increased specificity may be advantageous for an emerging generation of infectivity-enhanced CRAd's. Further, increased specificity could translate into a larger tolerated dose. An approach for increasing specificity is dual control of E1A expression. We constructed six CRAd's featuring two variants of the cyclo-oxygenase 2 (cox2) promoter, combined with three versions of E1A. Transcriptional targeting was supplemented with transductional targeting utilizing the serotype 3 knob. In vivo and in vitro results suggest that cox2 can be utilized for enhancing the specificity of E1A deletion mutants and that combination with the Delta24 mutation increases specificity without reducing potency. Combination with Delta2-Delta24 was specific but somewhat attenuated. The promoter variants behaved similarly, although the longer 1,554-bp version displayed a trend for improved specificity. Transcriptional modifications were compatible with transductional targeting and resulted in up to 100,000-fold increase in the therapeutic window for Ad5/3cox2Ld24 vs wild-type adenovirus. Thus, the proposed triple-targeting strategy may be useful for increasing the safety and efficacy of adenoviral gene therapy for ovarian cancer.
A Clinical Lecture on Pericarditis: Delivered at the Manchester Royal Infirmary
Authors: G. Steell
Journal: BMJ (1900)

RHIEUMATIC PERICARDITIS.G(ENTLEMEN,-We had recently in the wards a case of rheu- matic pericarditis in a young man who had been the subject of acute rheumatism three years ago, and who had again suffered from slight arthritis of the knees about a fortnight before ad- mission to hospital on November 17th last.fIe had gone about his work, however till November ioth.He did not seem to have had any chest pain till the gth, when he had
Coronary Artery Disease, Diet, and Statistics
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  Due to the paucity of qualified consultants, many investigators have not had the help which they should have had in the planning and analysis of medical studies according to basic  principles. Intuitive designs and evaluations have often been the consequence. There is increasing pressure for the inclusion of statistical words and symbols in medical publications. Too often, in the absence of competent consultation, this leads to improper and misleading application of formulae rather than to the increased clarity and precision which should result. A case in point, Modified-Fat Dietary Management of the Young Male With Coronary Disease (202:1119, 1967), demonstrates several misapplications of statistics.  The lack of simultaneous randomized controls leaves the study open to the question of unrecognized bias, and the authors appreciate this problem. However, if one assumes that bias can be discounted, the allegations that rates of recurrence and death in the dietary-managed
Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA Is Downexpressed in Nasal Polyps from Aspirin-sensitive Asthmatics
Authors: CÉSAR PICADO, JOAN C. FERNANDEZ-MORATA, MANEL JUAN, JORDI ROCA-FERRER, MIREIA FUENTES, ANTONI XAUBET, JOAQUIM MULLOL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) given by inhalation almost completely abrogates aspirin-induced asthma and the accompanying increase in cysteinyl-leukotrienes production. Cyclooxygenase (COX) may be present in cells in both constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) forms. To increase the production of the potentially protective endogenous PGE2, COX-2 should be upregulated. We hypothesize that an abnormal regulation of COX-2 will predispose patients with asthma to develop aspirin-intolerant asthma/rhinitis (AIAR). We therefore examined the expression of COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) in healthy nasal mucosa (n = 11) and in nasal polyps from both patients with AIAR (n = 8) and those with aspirin-tolerant asthma/rhinitis (ATAR) (n = 20). After total mRNA extraction, COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression were measured using a reverse transcriptase (RT)-semiquantitative PCR technique. Hybrid primers of COX-1 · glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or COX-2 · GAPDH were used to create PCR products that were cloned and used as internal standard controls in the competitive PCR reaction. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of 106 molecules of mRNA/ μ g of total RNA. No differences in COX-1 mRNA expression were found between nasal mucosa and nasal polyps from both patients with ATAR and those with AIAR. However, COX-2 mRNA expression in nasal polyps from the AIAR group (0.38 ± 0.10) was markedly and significantly lower than in polyps from the ATAR group (2.93 ± 0.52, sevenfold, p < 0.0001) and nasal mucosa (2.10 ± 0.54, sixfold, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that an inadequate COX-2 regulation may be involved in AIAR.
Association of mannose-binding lectin gene heterogeneity with severity of lung disease and survival in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Peter Garred, Tacjana Pressler, Hans O. Madsen, Birgitte Frederiksen, Arne Svejgaard, Niels Høiby, Marianne Schwartz, Christian Koch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key factor in innate immunity, and lung infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Accordingly, we investigated whether MBL variant alleles, which are associated with recurrent infections, might be risk factors for CF patients. In 149 CF patients, different MBL genotypes were compared with respect to lung function, microbiology, and survival to end-stage CF (death or lung transplantation). The lung function was significantly reduced in carriers of MBL variant alleles when compared with normal homozygotes. The negative impact of variant alleles on lung function was especially confined to patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Burkholderia cepacia infection was significantly more frequent in carriers of variant alleles than in homozygotes. The risk of end-stage CF among carriers of variant alleles increased 3-fold, and the survival time decreased over a 10-year follow-up period. Moreover, by using a modified life table analysis, we estimated that the predicted age of survival was reduced by 8 years in variant allele carriers when compared with normal homozygotes. Presence of MBL variant alleles is therefore associated with poor prognosis and early death in patients with CF.
EVOLUTION OF ERYTHROCYTE INDICES TOWARD AN IRON DEFICIENT PICTURE PREDICTS EARLY MORTALITY IN ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Hazel K. Turner, Karl Norrington, Mohamad F. Barakat, Mihir Kelshiker, Klio Konstantinou, Sinead O'Driscoll, Clare Screeche-Powell, Judith Chilcott, Charlotte Manisty, Constantinous G. Missouris, Neil Chapman, Jamil Mayet, Darrel P. Francis, Adrian Cheng, Darlington O. Okonko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Opting In vs Opting Out of Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Gretchen B. Chapman, Meng Li, Helen Colby, Haewon Yoon
Journal: JAMA (2010)

patient dialysis would lead to any meaningful misclassification of a dialysis unit's anemia management practice.We disagree with Zhang et al that our findings are inconsistent with a report that the dialysis chain using the smallest doses of ESAs also had the lowest mortality rates. 1 Our model suggests that centers using ESAs the most aggressively across all hematocrit categories would have increased mortality rates relative to the most conservative centers.Therefore, our results are quite compatible with the cited report.We agree with Dr Auerbach that IV iron is a useful aspect of anemia management.However, we note that a study of 10 169 hemodialysis patients found an 11% increased risk of all-cause mortality and a 12% increased risk of hospitalization in patients prescribed more than 10 vials of iron over a 6-month period compared with patients prescribed no iron. 2That study cites 5 abstracts reporting associations between iron exposure and adverse events, including all-cause mortality and infection-related outcomes.It is likely true that most of the risk of anaphylaxis comes with use of high-molecular-weight iron dextran, but many other important aspects of IV iron use are not well understood.There is a lack of evidence on the comparative effectiveness and safety of different iron dosing strategies (including bolus vs maintenance dosing) and of the different iron complexes, which have different pharmacokinetic properties.Changes in reimbursement coupled with evidence suggesting that frequent use of iron may increase hemoglobin in patients who do not respond well to ESAs 3 are likely to lead to increasing use of IV iron for anemia management in hemodialysis patients.This makes it increasingly important to continue studying IV iron to identify agents and dosing protocols that maximize its considerable benefits while minimizing possible harms and unnecessary use.
Bus drivers' rights
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1994)

What looked at first like mere alcoholic tremulousness exploded into full blown delirium tremens the morning after admission. He trembled and sweated and shook the bed, cursing in the tongue of the great Simon Bolivar as little green men descended upon him like so many furies to pinch and torment him. He recovered in the hands of a house staff all too familiar with his condition and accustomed to administer routinely lorazepam and intravenous fluids; potassium, magnesium, and phosphate as needed; and strong leather restraints within the limits prescribed by medical lawyers and …