tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Breast Cancer: Describing the Heterogeneity of Microscopic Disease.
Authors: M. Mego, M. Mego, M. Mego, S. Mani, C. Li, E. Andreoupolou, S. Tin, S. Jackson, E. Cohen, H. Gao, M. Cristofanilli, J. Reuben
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an independent predictor of survival in metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients. CTC are readily detected by CellSearch System based on their expression of EpCAM. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gives rise to cells with stem cell-like properties with increased chemotherapy resistance. Human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) transformed by the EMT transcription factor TWIST1 and spiked into normal peripheral blood (PB) are not detected by EpCAM enrichment based conventional detection methods compared to non-transformed HMECs. We hypothesize that CTCs undergoing EMT and resultant loss of epithelial markers may escape detection by conventional detection methods. The aim of this study was to detect CTCs based on expression of EMT genes in breast cancer patient's peripheral blood.Methods: This prospective ongoing study of breast cancer patients consisted of 16 (57.1%) patients with metastatic disease, 19 (67.9%) patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and 12 (42.9%) patients with primary, non-IBC breast cancer, respectively. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were depleted of cells of hematopoietic origin (CD45+) using anti-CD45 coated magnetic beads. RNA extracted from CD45-depleted (CD45-) PBMC were interrogated for expression of TWIST1, SNAIL1, SLUG, ZEB1, FOXC2 and EpCAM gene transcripts by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Expressions of gene transcripts in CD45- PBMC from patients were compared to those of CD45- PBMC of healthy donors (HD). Expression of one or more gene transcripts was considered a positive result. Concurrently, a 7.5 mL PB sample was collected for determination of CTC by CellSearch.Results: Median age was 54 year (range: 34-72 years). Overall, the median CTC count by CellSearch was 2 (range; 0-750) per 7.5 mL of PB. TWIST1, SNAIL1, SLUG, ZEB1 and FOXC2 were overexpressed in CD45- PBMC in 7%, 4 %, 4%, 0% and 14 % of patients, respectively. At least one of the EMT genes was overexpressed in 6 (21%) of patients. TWIST1 and SLUG were overexpressed only in IBC patients (10.5% and 5.3% of patients, respectively). Patients with triple negative breast cancer more commonly overexpressed EMT genes compared to non-triple negative patients (30.8% vs. 13.3%). There was no correlation between expression of EMT genes, EpCAM expression or CTC count measured by CellSearch, respectively.Conclusions: These data suggest that EMT genes may be involved in the dissemination of CTCs. Loss of epithelial antigen on CTC due to EMT, triggered by high expression of these genes, may be responsible for their undetection by conventional methods in a fraction of patients with early or advanced breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3011.
Importance of the First Link
Authors: Jocelyn Berdowski, Freerk Beekhuis, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Rudolph W. Koster
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The content of emergency calls for suspected cardiac arrest is rarely analyzed. This study investigated the recognition of a cardiac arrest by dispatchers and its influence on survival rates.During 8 months, voice recordings of 14,800 consecutive emergency calls were collected to audit content and cardiac arrest recognition. The presence of cardiac arrest during the call was assessed from the ambulance crew report. Included calls were placed by laypersons on site and did not involve trauma. Prevalence of cardiac arrest was 3.0%. Of the 285 cardiac arrests, 82 (29%) were not recognized during the call, and 64 of 267 suspected calls (24%) were not cardiac arrest. We analyzed a random sample (n=506) of 9230 control calls. Three-month survival was 5% when a cardiac arrest was not recognized versus 14% when it was recognized (P=0.04). If the dispatcher did not recognize the cardiac arrest, the ambulance was dispatched a mean of 0.94 minute later (P<0.001) and arrived 1.40 minutes later on scene (P=0.01) compared with recognized calls. The main reason for not recognizing the cardiac arrest was not asking if the patient was breathing (42 of 82) and not asking to describe the type of breathing (16 of 82). Normal breathing was never mentioned in true cardiac arrest calls. A logistic regression model identified spontaneous trigger words like facial color that could contribute to cardiac arrest recognition (odds ratio, 7.8 to 9.7).Not recognizing a cardiac arrest during emergency calls decreases survival. Spontaneous words that the caller uses to describe the patient may aid in faster and better recognition of a cardiac arrest.
838-1 National patterns of spironolactone prescription for older patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction before and after RALES
Authors: Frederick A Masoudi, Cary P Gross, Yongfei Wang, Edward P Havranek, Saif S Rathore, JoAnne Micale Foody, Harlan M Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Association of Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: HIROKO WATANABE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A 75-year-old white woman with a supraclavicular mass and primary hypothyroidism was found to have immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Peripheral blood contained normal percentages of T and B lymphocytes, but there was a markedly decreased response to phytohemagglutinin and to skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity. Since lack of suppressor T cells, B-cell proliferation, and decreased immunosurveillance may be causative factors in these diseases, it was of interest to document this rare association of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Learning lessons from a hidden success of the NHS national programme for IT
Authors: R. G. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Greenhalgh and Keen’s insightful critique of the national programme for IT in England rightly identifies the contradictory narratives that prevail at the policy and public level.1 Despite this, IT provision in the NHS is moderately healthy, although in need of some preventive care. One example is the pathology messaging implementation programme, which delivers test results from NHS laboratories to GP practices. Introduced between 1997 and 2004, this service delivers about two …
Various risk stratification schemes predict ischemic stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Brian F. Gage, Ambar Andrade
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lip GY. Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182 678 patients with atrial fibrillation: the Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1500-10. 22246443
Protecting the Heart of the American Athlete
Authors: Christine E. Lawless, Chad Asplund, Irfan M. Asif, Ron Courson, Michael S. Emery, Anthon Fuisz, Richard J. Kovacs, Silvana M. Lawrence, Benjamin D. Levine, Mark S. Link, Matthew W. Martinez, G. Paul Matherne, Brian Olshansky, William O. Roberts, Lisa Salberg, Victoria L. Vetter, Robert A. Vogel, Jim Whitehead
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Traffic related exposures and lung function in adults
Authors: F. Holguin
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Are women more susceptible?

It is widely known that exposure to outdoor air pollution is associated with acute and chronic changes in expiratory lung volumes. However, most of these studies have assessed exposure to air pollutants using monitors that primarily measure background levels. While this method may be useful in estimating exposure to ozone, it may not provide an adequate estimate of exposure to other pollutants that display small area spatial variations such as ultrafine particulate matter, elemental carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide.1–5 Evidence that there is considerable spatial variability in the concentration of traffic related pollutants has sparked interest in assessing the health effects associated with vehicular emissions. Several studies have found that exposure to traffic related emissions are associated with higher rates of adverse respiratory health outcomes including increased respiratory symptoms,6 reduced lung expiratory volumes,7 increased airway inflammation8 and higher rates of healthcare utilisation.9 This phenomenon may be partly explained by the properties of the pollutant mix near vehicular emission sources such as a larger concentration of fine and ultrafine particles and higher carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide …
Tc-99m Sestamibi SPECT/CT With Volumetric Reconstruction for Radioguided Occult Lesion Localization and Surgical Excision of Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Stephan Probst, Jessica Lee, Ting Tu, Russell Berman, Kent Friedman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 61-year-old woman with known metastatic melanoma underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT which identified a clinically occult 8-mm subcutaneous lesion in the medial right thigh. Subsequently, the patient underwent Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT/CT, which allowed for lesion reimaging, preoperative skin marking, and radioguided occult lesion localization, using an intraoperative gamma-probe both to localize the tumor and confirm successful excision ex vivo. The surgeon was provided with a 3D volumetric reconstructions of the F-18 FDG PET/CT and Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT/CT studies, allowing a minimally invasive approach with reduced morbidity. This case serves to illustrate the utility of Tc-99m sestamibi for operative radioguided occult lesion localization of F-18 FDG PET/CT identified small melanoma metastases, which when combined with 3D volumetric reconstructions, permits a highly directed surgical approach.
Hypoanabolic Hypoalbuminaemia in Gastro-intestinal Disease
Authors: K. N. Jeejeebhoy
Journal: BMJ (1964)

in renal function in the other six was progression of the intrinsic renal disease.Increase in dosage was commonly re- quired to maintain a hypotensive effect.The indications for antihypertensive therapy in chronic renal disease are considered and it is suggested that methyldopa is at present the drug of choice for this purpose.
HEREDITARY ANKYLOSIS OF THE PROXIMAL PHALANGEAL JOINTS
Authors: Dan Collier Elkin
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In 1916, Cushing<sup>1</sup>described a condition of ankylosis of the phalangeal joints which he designated as symphalangism. The rarity of the lesion and the definite inheritance of the condition as a unit character in accordance with mendelian laws make it of peculiar interest. Various developmental anomalies of fingers and toes occur frequently, and occasionally show familial tendencies. The more common types are polydactylism (accessory digits) and syndactylism (webbed fingers). Cushing was able to secure data on 312 members of the same family through seven generations. He found that the trait was carried by approximately 25 per cent. of all individuals and by 50 per cent. of the children of an affected parent. These figures follow mendelian expectations for a single unit character. He likewise found that it was never transmitted by an unaffected parent, but with a 50 per cent. chance of transmission by an affected parent. The case
Glucose Monitoring at the Arm
Authors: Karsten Jungheim, Theodor Koschinsky
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—We have examined whether rapid changes in blood glucose (BG) result in clinically relevant differences between capillary BG values measured at the forearm and the fingertip and whether local rubbing of the skin before blood sampling can diminish such differences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Capillary BG samples were collected every 15 min for 3–5 h from the fingertip and the forearm of 17 insulin-treated diabetic patients and analyzed with different glucose monitors (FreeStyle, One Touch Ultra, and Soft-Sense). In a subgroup of patients (n = 8), local rubbing of the forearm skin was performed before blood sampling. A rapid increase in BG was induced by oral administration of glucose, and subsequently, a rapid decrease in glucose was induced by intravenous administration of insulin. RESULTS—In the fasting state, the BG values at the fingertip and at the forearm were similar (7.8 ± 2.4 vs. 7.2 ± 2.3 mmol/l, P = 0.06). However, during rapid increase in glucose, BG values at the fingertip were consistently higher than at the forearm (maximal difference 4.6 ± 1.2 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.001). During rapid decrease in glucose, lower BG values were recorded at the fingertip (maximal difference to forearm 5.0 ± 1.0 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.001). At the forearm, BG was delayed by a median of 35 min (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in relation to the fingertip. Rubbing of forearm skin decreased the observed differences but with a large intraindividual and interindividual variability. There were no obvious device-specific differences. CONCLUSIONS—To avoid risky delays of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia detection, BG monitoring at the arm should be limited to situations in which ongoing rapid changes in BG can be excluded.
Roentgenographic Identification of Starr-Edwards Prostheses
Authors: LAWRENCE I. BONCHEK, JERI L. DOBBS, ADEL F. MATAR, PHILIP CHAPPEL, ALBERT STARR
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Since 1960, more than 100,000 Starr-Edwards prostheses have been inserted. In conjunction with a continuing program of bioengineering improvements which has alleviated many problems, certain complications have been associated with specific valve models. Thus, it is often useful to identify the valve model in the absence of a previous operative record. The various models of Starr-Edwards prostheses can be differentiated from plain chest roentgenograms. The identifying roentgenographic characteristics are described in this report.
Effects of coronary artery reperfusion on regional myocardial blood flow and function in conscious baboons.
Authors: G R Heyndrickx, J Amano, T A Patrick, W T Manders, G G Rogers, C Rosendorff, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The effects of coronary artery reperfusion initiated 1 hr and 3 hr after coronary artery occlusion were evaluated on measurements of overall and regional left ventricular function and on regional myocardial blood flow. These experiments were conducted in conscious baboons 2 to 3 weeks after recovery from instrumentation with a solid state left ventricular pressure gauge, aortic and left atrial catheters, a hydraulic occluder around the mid left anterior descending coronary artery, and pairs of ultrasonic transducers implanted in the endocardium of the left ventricular free wall or across the free wall to measure endocardial segment shortening and wall thickening, respectively. Coronary artery occlusion induced similar effects in both groups. At 1 hr after occlusion, the ischemic zone was characterized by severe and equal reductions in both endocardial (-97 +/- 1%) and epicardial (-95 +/- 4%) blood flows and complete loss of regional systolic function, which was replaced by paradoxical wall motion. Reperfusion initiated after 1 hr of ischemia was associated with a marked transient increase in endocardial (+386 +/- 51%) and epicardial (+544 +/- 79%) blood flows. During the subsequent 4 weeks, segment shortening and wall thickening tended to improve. However, at 4 weeks after reperfusion, segment shortening was still depressed by 45 +/- 12% and wall thickening by 58 +/- 14%. In contrast, reperfusion initiated after 3 hr of ischemia was not associated with a significant hyperemic response, and systolic segment shortening and wall thickening did not recover during the subsequent 4 week period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biomedical Patents and the Public's Health
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim, Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE COW AND THEIR INTEREST TO THE PHYSICIAN
Authors: F. Hobday
Journal: BMJ (1923)

THE necessity for the medical man to be in touch with his veterinary colleague over the question of cattle disease is well illustrated by the fact that certain illnesses, some of which are fatal and all of which are troublesome, can be contracted from bovine animals, and occasions of this kind, where members of the two professions meet, cannot but lead to profitable discussions and interchanges of knowledge for mutual benefit.Foot-and-mouth disease, cow-pox, and ring.worm are all of local interest to the practising physician, but bave not the vital importance of tuberculosis and anthrax, the two diseases to which I propose particularly to divert attention to-night.Not that the others are not troublesome, but they are curable and only in rare instances cause death.Foot-and-Mouth Disease.That foot-and-mouth disease is contagious.toman has been demonstrated many times, but with proper precautions in counexion with the disposal of the milk the risk is com- paratively sliglht.It is, however, one of the diseases in which the members of the veterinary profession occupy the front trench, and the risk of spread to man depends upon the efficiency of their organization.Man can contract it by drinking infected milk or even by eating cheese or butter made from such sources.That those who handle tlle moutlhs and feet of the infected animals do not always escape is well illustrated by the following account, which is published5 by
<i>MYC</i> Amplification as a Prognostic Marker of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Identified by Whole Genome Copy Number Analysis
Authors: Reika Iwakawa, Takashi Kohno, Motohiro Kato, Kouya Shiraishi, Koji Tsuta, Masayuki Noguchi, Seishi Ogawa, Jun Yokota
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Even in small-sized (≤2 cm in greatest dimension) and/or pathologic stage I lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), a considerable proportion of the patients will relapse within 5 years and show poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic alterations that define prognosis of patients with early-stage lung ADC. Experimental Design: Regions of copy number alterations in 65 small-sized lung ADCs and 40 ADC cell lines were determined by using GeneChip Human Mapping 10-K and 250-K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, respectively. A copy number assay based on real-time genomic PCR (RT-G-PCR) was done for 60 small-sized lung ADCs and 162 stage I lung ADCs. Results: Several regions on chromosomes 5p, 7p, 8q, and 14q were frequently (&amp;gt;10%) amplified in both small-sized ADCs and lung ADC cell lines. In particular, the MYC gene was mapped in the minimum common region at chromosome 8q24.21, and therefore was indicated to be a target of gene amplification in lung ADCs. MYC amplification correlated with poor prognosis (P = 0.031) of patients with small-sized ADCs. MYC amplification detected by SNP array analysis was well reproduced by RT-G-PCR analysis. Therefore, to investigate the utility of MYC amplification as a prognostic marker for early-stage lung ADCs, 162 stage I lung ADCs were subjected to the analysis. MYC amplification was associated with relapse-free survival in these patients (P = 0.013 by multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis). Conclusions: These results strongly indicate that MYC amplification is a prognostic marker of patients with early-stage lung ADCs. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1481–9. ©2010 AACR.
Anti-VEGFR-3 Therapy and Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Mihaela Skobe, James H. Godbold
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

In Response:Our study is the first in which vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and VEGFR-3 signaling have been selectively inhibited and the efficacy of the treatments in inhibiting tumor lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis have been compared. The key findings reported are (a) that inhibition of VEGFR-3 activation more potently suppressed regional and distant metastases than inactivation of VEGFR-2, although VEGFR-2 blockade was more effective in inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth; (b) that targeting of either VEGFR-2 or VEGFR-3 potently suppressed tumor lymphangiogenesis; and (c) that the combination treatment more potently decreased lymph node and lung metastases than either antibody alone.The issues raised by Padera et al. are focused specifically on the validity of the observation that the blockade of VEGFR-3 signaling reduced metastases when the antibody was administered after the metastases were established. We believe that the criticisms are not valid for the following reasons:In summary, our data suggested that while reducing the delivery of tumor cells to the lymph nodes by targeting VEGFR-3 is a highly effective strategy for preventing metastasis, strategies which combine targeting of tumor cell dissemination as well as growth hold greater promise for the treatment of metastatic disease.
A STUDY OF THE DEFORMITIES OF THE JAWS AMONG THE DEGENERATE CLASSES OF EUROPE.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The Twelfth International Medical Congress in Moscow, afforded me a long-sought-for opportunity, not merely to visit Russia, but also to cover nearly all the countries of Europe. In visiting the various cities I made special observations of the degenerates in each of the various institutions for the defective classes. The objective points of interest were the prisons, insane hospitals, schools of idiocy, foundlings' homes, etc. The features of the soldiers, police and cabmen, as well as the citizens themselves, were incidentally noted for the purpose of comparison. These observations, however, were for an entirely different purpose, the object of this paper being to record results as to the deformities of the jaws and teeth of the mature degenerate classes. In a prison in Athens containing 452 convicts, not a single V or saddle arch was found, although slight irregularities of the teeth due to local causes were observed. Arrest of