tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Using outcomes research in clinical practice
Authors: T Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Until recently the usual surgical response to urinary symptoms and an enlarged prostate has been to recommend prostatectomy. What are the risks of adopting instead a policy of watchful waiting? We did not know. Which operation has the lower long term mortality: transurethral resection or open surgery? Once again we do not know with certainty. What of the other adverse outcomes of prostatic surgery, such as permanent sexual or urinary dysfunction: how much do these matter to patients? More fundamentally, what criteria do we use to judge the success of a surgical or medical intervention for “prostatic” symptoms - urinary flow rates (objective) or patients' symptoms (subjective)?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia caught the attention of health services researchers because of its strikingly different treatment rates both between and within countries1,2; they then uncovered just how much was unknown about the condition and its treatments. Now through outcomes research, they are offering answers to many of the questions posed above. What outcomes research has to offer patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia formed the basis of a paper given by Albert Mulley of the Massachusetts General Hospital to a conference last week organised by the BMA, the BMJ Publishing Group, and the …
Low-dose exposure to inorganic mercury accelerates disease and mortality in acquired murine lupus.
Authors: Charles S Via, Phuong Nguyen, Florin Niculescu, John Papadimitriou, Dennis Hoover, Ellen K Silbergeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Inorganic mercury (iHg) is known to induce autoimmune disease in susceptible rodent strains. Additionally, in inbred strains of mice prone to autoimmune disease, iHg can accelerate and exacerbate disease manifestations. Despite these well-known links between iHg and autoimmunity in animal models, no association between iHg alone and autoimmune disease in humans has been documented. However, it is possible that low-level iHg exposure can interact with disease triggers to enhance disease expression or susceptibility. To address whether exposure to iHg can alter the course of subsequent acquired autoimmune disease, we used a murine model of acquired autoimmunity, lupus-like chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), in which autoimmunity is induced using normal, nonautoimmune prone donor and F1 recipient mice resistant to Hg-induced autoimmunity. Our results indicate that a 2-week exposure to low-dose iHg (20 or 200 micro g/kg every other day) to donor and host mice ending 1 week before GVHD induction can significantly worsen parameters of disease severity, resulting in premature mortality. iHg pretreatment clearly worsened chronic lupus-like disease, rather than GVHD worsening iHg immunotoxicity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that low-level, nontoxic iHg preexposure may interact with other risk factors, genetic or acquired, to promote subsequent autoimmune disease development.
T cell receptor affinity and avidity defines antitumor response and autoimmunity in T cell immunotherapy
Authors: Michelle Krogsgaard, Shi Zhong, Karolina Malecek, Laura A Johnson, Zhiya Yu, Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera, Farbod Darvishian, Katelyn McGary-Shipper, Kevin Huang, Joshua Boyer, Emily Corse, Yongzhao Shao, Steven A Rosenberg, Nicholas P Restifo, Iman Osman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts T-cells have evolved the unique ability to discriminate "self" from "non-self" with high sensitivity and selectivity. However, tissue-specific autoimmunity, tolerance or eradication of cancer does not fit into the self/non-self paradigm because the T-cell responses in these
The Predictive Value of C-reactive Protein for Prognosis in Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Radical Nephroureterectomy: A Multi-institutional Study
Authors: Nobuyuki Tanaka, Eiji Kikuchi, Suguru Shirotake, Kent Kanao, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Yasumasa Miyazaki, Hiroki Ide, Jun Obata, Katsura Hoshino, Nozomi Hayakawa, Yujiro Ito, Takeo Kosaka, Kiichiro Kodaira, Masafumi Oyama, Akira Miyajima, Tetsuo Momma, Ken Nakagawa, Munehisa Ueno, Mototsugu Oya
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Presidential Disability and the Twenty-fifth Amendment
Authors: George A. Gellert
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The descriptions of the risks to Americans of presidential ill health and a flawed process for succession reflect a bias. 1-4 Currently, 10 nations possess a nuclear weapons capability and the urge to acquire this technology appears irrepressible. In a world of emerging, quasi-, and many nondemocratic states, far more serious threats to US and international security are likely to arise from the cognitive impairment of leaders (and an ill-defined leadership succession) beyond US borders than at home. The current allegations of severe alcoholism directed at Russia's Yeltsin are a case in point, and the Gulf War demonstrated clearly that questionable mental status in a political leader without access to nuclear weapons can also threaten US interests and international stability. Perhaps one third of the world's countries possess sufficient conventional weaponry to destabilize entire regions 5 if power rests in the hands of a leader suffering from
The Development of a Solitary Toxic Thyroid Nodule Following Graves?? Disease
Authors: K IKEKUBO, M HINO, H ITO, M OTANI, S SHIMOZATO, K NASU, Y HABUCHI, H YAMAGUCHI, Y SAIKI, T ISHIHARA, N WASEDA, T MORI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A 52-year-old woman developed a toxic, solitary, autonomously functioning thyroid nodule four years after antithyroid drug treatment for Graves' disease. When she was initially seen, a thyroid scan showed the homogeneous enlargement of both lobes with increased uptake. Graves' disease was diagnosed and the patient was treated with methimazole. Thyroid function was well-controlled with medication for 18 months, after which the patient stopped taking the drug for three years. Four years after Graves' disease was diagnosed, the patient again showed symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The etiology was a toxic, autonomously functioning nodule.
Once-Daily Valacyclovir to Reduce the Risk of Transmission of Genital Herpes
Authors: Lawrence Corey, Anna Wald, Raj Patel, Stephen L. Sacks, Stephen K. Tyring, Terri Warren, John M. Douglas, Jorma Paavonen, R. Ashley Morrow, Karl R. Beutner, Leonid S. Stratchounsky, Gregory Mertz, Oliver N. Keene, Helen A. Watson, Dereck Tait, Mauricio Vargas-Cortes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Nucleoside analogues against herpes simplex virus (HSV) have been shown to suppress shedding of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) on genital mucosal surfaces and may prevent sexual transmission of HSV.We followed 1484 immunocompetent, heterosexual, monogamous couples: one with clinically symptomatic genital HSV-2 and one susceptible to HSV-2. The partners with HSV-2 infection were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg of valacyclovir once daily or placebo for eight months. The susceptible partner was evaluated monthly for clinical signs and symptoms of genital herpes. Source partners were followed for recurrences of genital herpes; 89 were enrolled in a substudy of HSV-2 mucosal shedding. Both partners were counseled on safer sex and were offered condoms at each visit. The predefined primary end point was the reduction in transmission of symptomatic genital herpes.Clinically symptomatic HSV-2 infection developed in 4 of 743 susceptible partners who were given valacyclovir, as compared with 16 of 741 who were given placebo (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.75; P=0.008). Overall, acquisition of HSV-2 was observed in 14 of the susceptible partners who received valacyclovir (1.9 percent), as compared with 27 (3.6 percent) who received placebo (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.99; P=0.04). HSV DNA was detected in samples of genital secretions on 2.9 percent of the days among the HSV-2-infected (source) partners who received valacyclovir, as compared with 10.8 percent of the days among those who received placebo (P<0.001). The mean rates of recurrence were 0.11 per month and 0.40 per month, respectively (P<0.001).Once-daily suppressive therapy with valacyclovir significantly reduces the risk of transmission of genital herpes among heterosexual, HSV-2-discordant couples.
Depressive changes after fluphenazine treatment.
Authors: N W Imlah
Journal: BMJ (1969)

DICJou 49prodromal and headache stages.'In each case the cortex perfusion rates were measured simultaneously in both hemispheres during the attack and later when the patients were fully recovered.I found a reduction in per- fusion rate of 22-5% during the prodromal phase (P>0005), but only a small, though significant, increase of 8-3% (P>0-02) in the headache stage.This small increase is quite compatible with a reactive hyperaemia fol- lowing vasoconstriction in the prodromal stage, but is hardly sufficient to cause symptoms such as headache.Drs.Skinh0j and Paulson found a 47% increase in flow in the headache stage compared with their normal values, but this figure should be treated with some caution, since the resting flow in their patient is not known and this, together with the error associated with the method, means that no certain conclusions can be drawn from a single observation in one patient.-
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and dyspepsia: trick or treat?
Authors: ROGER JONES
Journal: Gut (1999)

See article on page 186 

Clinicians working in both primary and secondary care still do not have evidence-based guidance on the management of dyspepsia which is both clinically effective and cost-efficient. Perhaps we never will. Moving therapeutic targets often generate questions faster than researchers can answer them. Nevertheless, we do need better information about the inter-relations between dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori infection, H pylori eradication, and endoscopy. The paper by Heaney et al (see page 186) provides a good deal of information, but also raises further questions about alternative strategies for managing dyspepsia.

The background is familiar. Until H pylori burst on to the scene, there was some controversy about empirical therapy versus early endoscopy in the initial management of dyspepsia, but the availability of accurate diagnostic and effective therapeutic methods in H pylori management means that clinicians can now choose from two further strategies—(1) test and endoscope and (2) test and treat. In the first of these the H pylori test is used as a “screen” for endoscopy, with H pylori positive patients undergoing endoscopy and H pylori negative patients treated as if they have non-ulcer dyspepsia. Patel and colleagues1 claimed that this approach …
Transferrin up-regulates chemokine synthesis by human proximal tubular epithelial cells: Implication on mechanism of tubuloglomerular communication in glomerulopathic proteinura
Authors: Sydney Tang, Joseph C.K. Leung, Anita W.L. Tsang, Hui Yao Lan, Tak Mao Chan, Kar Neng Lai
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
The myth of the female athlete triad
Authors: L DiPietro, N S Stachenfeld
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

In conclusion, current research evidence suggests that exercise associated reproductive dysfunction in women is nutritional in origin and may be attributed to a deficit of readily available energy, primarily in the form of circulating glucose, liver glycogen, and adipose tissue triacylglycerol.A low plasma insulin concentration, consequent to a low blood glucose concentration, a low body fat content, or both of these factors, is accompanied by a disturbance of leptin secretion and a reduced plasma leptin concentration.It would seem that a reduction in plasma leptin concentration below a critical threshold value, for a significant period of time, disturbs the activity of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator, which instigates the endocrine events that lead to ovarian stimulation.The susceptibility to ovarian suppression and FHA is therefore greatest in lean women with chronically low energy availability, as indicated by a reduced plasma triiodothyronine concentration.To avoid reproductive dysfunction, female athletes should consume adequate energy and carbohydrate to balance energy expenditure and replace glycogen.They should avoid abrupt and rapid weight loss and maintain an ''adequate'' body fat content, which may be individually specific, but coincides with regular menses.
Use of calcium channel blockers and risk of suicide: ecological findings confirmed in population based cohort study
Authors: G. Lindberg, K. Bingefors, J. Ranstam, L. Rastam, A. Melander
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate possible associations between use of cardiovascular drugs and suicide. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional ecological study based on rates of use of eight cardiovascular drug groups by outpatients. A population based cohort study including users of drugs to control hypertension. <b>Subjects:</b> The ecological study included 152 of Sweden9s 284 municipalities. The cohort study included all inhabitants of one Swedish municipality who during 1988 or 1989 had purchased cardiovascular agents from pharmacies within the municipality. Six hundred and seventeen subjects (18.2%) were classified as users of calcium channel blockers and 2780 (81.8%) as non-users. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Partial correlations (least squares method) between rates of use of cardiovascular drugs and age standardised mortality from suicide in Swedish municipalities. Hazard ratios for risk of suicide with adjustments for difference in age and sex in users of calcium channel blockers compared with users of other hypertensive drugs. <b>Results:</b> Among the Swedish municipalities the use of each cardiovascular drug group except angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors correlated significantly and positively with suicide rates. After adjustment for the use of other cardiovascular drug groups, as a substitute for the prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity, only the correlation with calcium channel blockers remained significant (<i>r</i>=0.29, P&lt;0.001). In the cohort study, five users and four non-users of calcium channel blockers committed suicide during the follow up until the end of 1994. The absolute risk associated with use of calcium channel blockers was 1.1 suicides per 1000 person years. The relative risk, adjusted for differences in age and sex, among users versus non-users was 5.4 (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 20.5). <b>Conclusions:</b> Use of calcium channel blockers may increase the risk of suicide. <h3>Key messages</h3> Clinical trials have a limited ability to detect infrequent adverse effects, so postmarketing reports on adverse effects and observational epidemiological studies are necessary The present investigations, including one cross sectional ecological study and one population based cohort study, suggest an increased risk of suicide in users of calcium channel blockers The results are in accordance with a depressive effect of calcium channel blockers suggested by case reports and a recent epidemiological study Channel blockers should be considered a possible cause of depression and suicide
Assessing the Influence of Indoor Exposure to “Outdoor Ozone” on the Relationship between Ozone and Short-term Mortality in U.S. Communities
Authors: Chun Chen, Bin Zhao, Charles J. Weschler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

City-to-city differences have been reported for the increase in short-term mortality associated with a given increase in ozone concentration (ozone mortality coefficient). Although ozone concentrations are monitored at central outdoor locations, a large fraction of total ozone exposure occurs indoors.To clarify the influence of indoor exposure to ozone of outdoor origin on short-term mortality, we conducted an analysis to determine whether variation in ozone mortality coefficients among U.S. cities might be partly explained by differences in total ozone exposure (from both outdoor and indoor exposures) resulting from the same outdoor ozone concentration.We estimated average annual air change rates (the overall rate at which indoor air is replaced with outdoor air) and used these to estimate the change in total ozone exposure per unit change in outdoor ozone exposure (ozone exposure coefficient) for 18 cities that had been included in the National Morbidity and Mortality Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS). We then examined associations between both parameters and published ozone mortality coefficients.For the 18 targeted NMMAPS cities, the association between ozone mortality coefficients and ozone exposure coefficients was strong (1-hr ozone metric: R2 = 0.58, p < 0.001; 8-hr ozone: R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001; 24-hr ozone: R2 = 0.48, p = 0.001). When extended to another 72 NMMAPS cities, the associations remained strong (R2 = 0.47-0.63; p < 0.001).Differences in ozone mortality coefficients among cities appear to partially reflect differences in total ozone exposure resulting from differences in the amount of outdoor ozone that is transported indoors.
It sounds glamorous, but TV celebrity status offers physician little respite
Authors: T. F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Measurement of glomerular filtration rate in ICU patients using 99mTc-DTPA and inulin
Authors: William W. Wharton, Jill L. Sondeen, Michael McBiles, Stephen E. Gradwohl, Charles E. Wade, David P. Ciceri, Heinz G. Lehmann, Richard E. Stotler, Thomas R. Henderson, W. Roscoe Whitaker, Jill S. Lindberg
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
The protein tyrosine phosphatase, Shp2, positively contributes to FLT3-ITD-induced hematopoietic progenitor hyperproliferation and malignant disease in vivo
Authors: S C Nabinger, X J Li, B Ramdas, Y He, X Zhang, L Zeng, B Richine, J D Bowling, S Fukuda, S Goenka, Z Liu, G-S Feng, M Yu, G E Sandusky, H S Boswell, Z-Y Zhang, R Kapur, R J Chan
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype frequencies estimated from the data on HLA class I, II, and III antigens in 111 Japanese narcoleptics.
Authors: K Matsuki, T Juji, K Tokunaga, T Naohara, M Satake, Y Honda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In order to deduce the predominant haplotypes in Japanese narcoleptics, we have studied a total of 111 Japanese patients with narcolepsy and six multiple-case families for HLA class I and class II antigens, and for class III HLA-linked complement markers. In Japanese narcoleptics, the most frequent haplotypes were B35-DR2, B15-DR2, and B51-DR2. These haplotypes were rare in normal Japanese population. In contrast, the most frequent haplotype of HLA-DR2 in normal Japanese, A24-C blank-Bw52-C4A*2 B*Q0-BF *S-C2*C-DR2-DQw1, had a decreased frequency to one-third of the normal controls. Haplotypes B35-DR2, B15-DR2, and B51-DR2, which were more frequent among Japanese narcoleptics, were different from the haplotype found more frequently among Caucasoid narcoleptics, A3-Cw7-B7-DR2-DQw1. Haplotype analysis on six families showed that B35-DR2 and other rare haplotypes in normal Japanese were associated with narcolepsy. There were four cases without any signs of narcolepsy among 19 subjects with the disease susceptibility haplotypes. This finding suggests an incomplete penetrance of hypersomnia. Haplotype analysis of family members was also useful for the early detection of the high risk children to narcolepsy.
James Barry Douglas Palmer
Authors: Gavin Stark
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Chief scientific officer Bristol-Myers Squibb and president BMS Pharmaceutical Research Institute (b 1953; q Aberdeen 1978; FRCP Ed, FRCP), d 26 October 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




James joined the pharmaceutical industry in 1985, working as a medical adviser to the respiratory unit of the clinical research unit of Glaxo. Promotion followed rapidly and he became director of respiratory clinical research in 1987. He was worldwide project leader during the development of salmeterol, and also worked on fluticasone and other projects. Following the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and Smith Kline Beecham, James became senior vice president of new product development with global responsibility for medical, regulatory, and product strategy. In 2002 he moved to Bristol-Myers Squibb, where he had responsibility for worldwide research and development. He leaves a wife, Susie, and three children.
Percutaneous Heart Catheterization in Infants and Children
Authors: STANLEY E. KIRKPATRICK, MASATO TAKAHASHI, EUGENE L. PETRY, ROBERT E. STANTON, PAUL R. LURIE
Journal: Circulation (1970)

In this prospective study of 150 consecutive heart catheterizations, the percutaneous method of right and left heart catheterization was used in 127 patients. In infants and children weighing more than 10 pounds, the percutaneous method was found to be an effective technic associated with a 3% incidence of diminished arterial pulses in the catheterized limb. All patients in this weight group, except one, had left heart catheterization by this technic. The method was deemed time-saving compared to a cutdown, and complications related to the use of end-hole catheters and guide wires were minimal. With regard to venous catheterization, a previous femoral vein cutdown contra-indicated application of the percutaneous method to the same vein, while a previous saphenous vein cutdown did not interfere. A vessel catheterized percutaneously may be recatheterized without difficulty. Thrombi in the arterial catheter and small size of the patient were two factors which had significant correlation with the delay in return of distal pulses to normal. Palpation of distal pulses before and at intervals following the catheterization was found to be the most satisfactory way of detecting arterial complications.