tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Medical Practice in Britain
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This series of 11 papers was read at the First British Congress on the History of Medicine and Pharmacy in September, 1960. For the medical historian these are a valuable source of information. As in any such series of papers, there is a wide range of quality, extending from the excellent papers on "The History of Rural Medical Practice" and "The Influence of Government Legislation on Medical Practice in Britain" to the mediocre. There is a certain unevenness in treatment of the respective subjects; yet, as a summary of the various factors involved and organizations concerned, the papers are commendable. Some of them have helpful bibliographies for the student interested in further investigation of the subject. It is to be hoped that this is the first volume in a series of yearly monographs dealing with medicine in Britain.
THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE PARALYSIS: With A Plea for the Reorganization of our Hospital System
Authors: E. W. H. Groves
Journal: BMJ (1925)

TREATMENT OP 0 NFA1TIE PARALYSI.rA Jout-B.Pyloric Ulcers.There is a choice between two nlethods-the in;diiect onle of gastro-jejunostomy, and the direct method of
Patient makes good recovery after transplant of a bioengineered airway
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Surgeons in Spain have successfully transplanted a bioengineered human airway into a 30 year old Columbian woman with a collapsed left main bronchus, caused by tuberculosis. The new airway, bioengineered from a donor trachea, was used to replace the woman’s diseased bronchus on 12 June.

A report in the Lancet describes the woman as fully recovered, with normal lung function, a good quality of life, and no complications (2008 Nov 19, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61598-6). She takes no immunosuppressant drugs, the graft is functioning normally, and there are no signs of rejection.

Claudia Castello is the first recipient of the new kind of graft, developed by a European team of scientists from Bristol, Padua, and Milan. They …
Experience with the Tuberculin Tine Test in a Sanatorium
Authors: David R. Capobres
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE TUBERCULIN skin test is an important aid in the detection of tuberculosis. Numerous studies have confirmed the specificity and accuracy of the Mantoux test and it has become the standard. However, there are certain inconveniences associated with the use of the Mantoux test, such as the need for syringes, needles, freshly prepared solution, and proper technique in application.  The need for a more convenient test has been recognized for some time. Considerable effort has been spent in search of a single-dose tuberculin skin test which is simple, accurate, and reliable, and yields results closely comparable to those of the Mantoux test. Such a test should be easy to apply and read and should be acceptable to the recipient as well as to the performer. It should give similar and consistent results when used by personnel of varied abilities, training, and experience. The test should be adaptable for use effectively
PWE-006 Diagnostic yield and clinical outcome for defaecating proctography and anorectal manometry in patients with chronic constipation
Authors: M Bhalme, S Murugesan, V Jayasekeran, E Wrightham, B Unsworth, A Mondino, J McLaughlin, P Paine
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Defaecating proctography (DFP) and anorectal manometry (ARM) are both used to investigate chronic constipation but their relative clinical performance is unclear. Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic yield and clinical outcomes of DFP and ARM in chronic constipation. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients who had undergone both DFP and ARM over a 3-year period were studied retrospectively. Demographics, treatment and clinical outcomes were recorded. The diagnosis was recorded as “mixed” if investigation showed evidence of both anismus and anatomical problems such as rectocoele, intussusception or prolapse. The clinical outcome was defined as positive if the test resulted in treatment with symptomatic improvement, or resolution at follow-up. To determine whether there was a selection bias in those undergoing both DFP and ARM we additionally looked at the two groups having solely DFP or ARM from the same period. <h3>Results</h3> DFP and ARM group: 43 patients (40 female, 58% surgical referrals; age range 17–85 years; median 46) underwent both DFP and ARM. The diagnostic yield for DFP was higher at 98% (anismus 44%, anatomical 40%, mixed 14%; normal 2%) vs 47% for ARM (anismus 26%, mixed 21%; normal 53%). There was diagnostic concordance in only 11 (26%), partial concordance in 9 (21%) and discordance in 23 (53%) patients. Although the diagnostic yield of DFP was much greater than ARM in this combined group, both tests led to similar positive outcomes regardless (47% in DFP vs 45% in ARM) when tests revealed a pathology. Single investigation groups: 10 patients had DFP alone (8 female, 60% surgical referrals; age range 22–73 years, median 55) with a diagnostic yield of 90% (anismus 30%, anatomical 50%, mixed 10%; normal 10%). The positive outcome in those with a detectable pathology was 33%. 15 patients had ARM alone (14 female, 27% surgical referrals; age range 19–75 years, median 50) with a diagnostic yield of 67% (anismus; 33% normal). The positive outcome in those with a detectable pathology was 70%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> DFP had a higher diagnostic yield than ARM, but concordance was poor. Greater diagnostic yield did not translate into more positive clinical outcomes either. The clinical impact of additional DFP-based diagnoses is therefore questionable. The single test cohort data suggest that patients having DFP alone are a different clinical population from those who accessed both tests, since diagnostic yields and clinical outcomes were higher for ARM alone. The latter group were predominantly medical gastroenterology referrals. Further study is required to design optimal investigation strategies for chronic constipation. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
High Altitude Illness
Authors: Anthony B. Way
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to add to the observations and advice that Dr Houston provided in his excellent review on high altitude illness. I am a physician and investigator who has had many long stays at 4,000 m observing many people acclimatize, some more than once. I have made no scientific studies of high altitude illness, but my repeated bouts with high altitude pulmonary edema have made me an interested observer. In my experience, susceptibility to high altitude illness, while widely variable among people, is constant for any person. If I am correct about inherent susceptibility, perhaps this difference with Dr Houston may be explained by either slightly lower altitudes or by greater caution on the part of the susceptible individual as regards physical activity and rate of ascent. At high altitudes, small differences in altitude seem to have large effects. Also, activity seems to precipitate acute high altitude
Random drug testing in schools fails screening criteria
Authors: Woody Caan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Random drug testing in schools fails screening criteriaEditor-Last month the prime minister, Tony Blair, lent his weight to random drug testing in schools in an interview for a downmarket newspaper. 1He proposed a national programme be implemented soon, adhering to unspecified central directives.The Department of Health has 19 criteria for introducing new screening programmes. 2 At least 18 of these 19 criteria are not met for widespread, wide spectrum drug urine analysis in schools.The remaining criterion is that the condition is an important health problem.Drug use in young people is indeed associated with many health risks, 3 but a single, positive urine test, for any illicit drug, is probably not meaningful in a clinical sense.Each schoolchild's context of use (family history, social and emotional development) is crucial to interpreting any supposed "drug career."Use by a homeless pregnant teenage runaway from local authority care with a history of deliberate self harm and high risk sex work to pay for her drugs may be very different from a single experimental use at home with adults during a family party.Three failed criteria are especially pertinent to screening for school age drug use:(1) There should be an agreed policy on the further diagnostic investigation of people with a positive test result and on the choices available to them.(2) There should be an effective treatment or intervention for patients identified through early detection.(3) Clinical management of the condition and patient outcomes should be optimised by all healthcare providers before participation in a screening programme.In three years of experience of school health provision for alcohol and drug problems and their related referral networks I do not know of one school that could satisfy these criteria, especially the underpinning policy of promoting informed choice for children and families. 2
Influence of vitamin E TPGS poly(ethylene glycol) chain length on apical efflux transporters in Caco-2 cell monolayers
Authors: Eva-Maria Collnot, Christiane Baldes, Michael F. Wempe, John Hyatt, Lisa Navarro, Kevin J. Edgar, Ulrich Friedrich Schaefer, Claus-Michael Lehr
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Be honest about referrals
Authors: A Brook
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - I support Allen Hutchinson's statement that key elements in the variation in rates of referral to hospital are the behaviour of individual doctors, and the factors underlying this.1 Some years ago I suggested that there were four main reasons for referral to a psychiatric clinic.2 I have found from experience since that these reasons also apply, in varying degrees, to other specialties, particularly gastroenterology. …
Points: Prevalence of migraine in patients with diabetes
Authors: M. Lavin
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The chance of a dialysis patient in France receiving a transplant in 1983 was 1:13, in Italy it was 1:29, while in the United Kingdom it was greater than 1:4.Surely the way to increase the number of patients being treated (Mrs Elizabeth Ward's leading article, 22-29 December, p 1712) is to inform our colleagues of the successful parts of our renal failure programme while working hard to improve those areas in which we are deficient.
High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe systemic sclerosis: long-term follow-up of the US multicenter pilot study
Authors: Richard A. Nash, Peter A. McSweeney, Leslie J. Crofford, Muneer Abidi, Chien-Shing Chen, J. David Godwin, Theodore A. Gooley, Leona Holmberg, Gretchen Henstorf, C. Fred LeMaistre, Maureen D. Mayes, Kevin T. McDonagh, Bernadette McLaughlin, Jerry A. Molitor, J. Lee Nelson, Howard Shulman, Rainer Storb, Federico Viganego, Mark H. Wener, James R. Seibold, Keith M. Sullivan, Daniel E. Furst
Journal: Blood (2007)
Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation and Risk of Autism—Reply
Authors: Pål Surén, Ezra Susser, Camilla Stoltenberg
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
May mothers given warfarin breast-feed their infants?
Authors: M L Orme, P J Lewis, M de Swiet, M J Serlin, R Sibeon, J D Baty, A M Breckenridge
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Warfarin was measured with a sensitive and specific method in the plasma and breast milk of 13 mothers. Less than 0-08 micronmol warfarin per litre (25 ng/ml) of breast milk was found in each instance. Seven of the mothers were breast-feeding their infants, in none of whom was warfarin detected in the plasma; furthermore, in three the British corrected ratio of the plasma was appreciably less than that of the mother and was within the expected range. We conclude that nursing mothers given warfarin may safely breast-feed their infants.
Cold Injections into the Uterus
Authors: A. G. Roper
Journal: BMJ (1865)

thoric, a few leeches tb the upper part of the thi hs, applied two days before the expected period, wl be deirable.With this, a piewe of flannel about four- teen inches wide, and fold twice, should be wrung out of a hot and strong decoction of poppy-heads, and wrapped round the pelvis, and covered with oiled silk.This fomentation may be renewed three timnes a day; and its application should be had recourse to for two or three days prior to the expected suffering, and continued steadily during the period.Of medi- cines, none, I believe, answer better to relieve the pain than nauseating doses of ipecacuanha, com- bined with opium, and the extract of stramonium, if the symptoms be very severe.During the in.terval, no preparation answers better than steel; but care must be taken that such doses and such forms -
Transmural Electrophysiological Heterogeneities Underlying Arrhythmogenesis in Heart Failure
Authors: Fadi G. Akar, David S. Rosenbaum
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Although expression of numerous ion channels is altered in heart failure (HF), mechanisms by which dysfunction at the ionic and molecular levels lead to ventricular tachyarrhythmias in HF are unknown. Previously, we found that transmural heterogeneities of repolarization play a critical role in the genesis of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) when QT interval was prolonged in LQT2. Because QT interval is also prolonged in HF, we hypothesized that transmural heterogeneities are a mechanism of PVT in HF. Optical action potentials were measured simultaneously from cells spanning the entire transmural wall of arterially perfused canine wedge preparations. Wedges were isolated from dogs without (control, n=5) and with HF (n=8) produced by rapid ventricular pacing. In HF, action potential duration (APD) prolongation was markedly heterogeneous across the transmural wall, and was characterized by disproportionate APD prolongation of midmyocardial (M) cells. APD prolongation of M cells accounted for QT-interval prolongation, and caused significant increases ( P &lt;0.01) in spatial gradients of repolarization across the ventricular wall from 4.3±2.1 (control) to 12.4±3.5 ms/mm (HF). Enhanced gradients were directly responsible for development of functional conduction block, leading to PVT in 63% of HF wedges but in no controls ( P &lt;0.03). Moreover, intramural decremental conduction and block of the premature impulse, preceded each episode of PVT, and always occurred at the border between M-cell and subepicardial zones, where repolarization gradients were highest. Selective prolongation of APD within M cells underlies several key features of the HF phenotype, including QT-interval prolongation, transmural heterogeneity of repolarization, and susceptibility to conduction block and reentrant PVT.
Priming CD8+ T cells with dendritic cells matured using TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands together enhances generation of CD8+ T cells retaining CD28
Authors: Jeffrey S. Pufnock, Melinda Cigal, Lisa S. Rolczynski, Erica Andersen-Nissen, Mathias Wolfl, M. Juliana McElrath, Philip D. Greenberg
Journal: Blood (2011)
GRP78 Induction in Cancer: Therapeutic and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Amy S. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cancer cells adapt to chronic stress in the tumor microenvironment by inducing the expression of GRP78/BiP, a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone with Ca2+-binding and antiapoptotic properties. GRP78 promotes tumor proliferation, survival, metastasis, and resistance to a wide variety of therapies. Thus, GRP78 expression may serve as a biomarker for tumor behavior and treatment response. Combination therapy suppressing GRP78 expression may represent a novel approach toward eradication of residual tumors. Furthermore, the recent discovery of GRP78 on the cell surface of cancer cells but not in normal tissues suggests that targeted therapy against cancer via surface GRP78 may be feasible. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3496–9]
Reply to Schoppman et al.
Authors: C. Caygill, C. Royston, A. Charlett, C. Wall, P. Gatenby, J. Ramus, A. Watson, M. Winslet, K. Bardhan
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

We were delighted to read the interesting letter from Professor Schoppman and colleagues. They raise two issues: pre-emptive endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to prevent development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC); and the link between Barrett’s esophagus, cardiorespiratory illness, and metabolic syndrome.
Diuretic Properties of Furosemide in Renal Disease
Authors: ROBERT G. MUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

During the past several years, we have studied a total of 41 patients during 52 courses of oral and intravenous furosemide therapy. All patients had renal disease and significant renal insufficiency, and most were refractory to the standard diuretic agents. The diuretic response to furosemide was complete in 89% of the oral therapy courses and significant but incomplete in the remaining 11%. In the intravenous therapy group, diuresis was complete in 70%, incomplete in 10%, and no diuresis occurred in 20%. Unlike the standard diuretic agents, furosemide is effective over a wide range of arterial pH and serum electrolyte abnormalities. It is effective in hypoalbuminemia and, most signficantly, in the presence of serious reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. Urinary water and electrolyte excretion patterns with furosemide are extremely satisfactory. This saluretic agent is essentially free from toxicity even with very high doses over prolonged periods of time, and unlike thiazides it does not alter carbohydrate metabolism.
Contribution of radon and radon daughters to respiratory cancer.
Authors: N Harley, J M Samet, F T Cross, T Hess, J Muller, D Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

This article reviews studies on the contribution of radon and radon daughters to respiratory cancer and proposes recommendations for further research, particularly a national radon survey. The steady-state outdoor radon concentration averages 200 pCi/m3, and indoor levels are about 4 times higher. The primary source of radon in homes is the underlying soil; entry depends on multiple variables and reduced ventilation for energy conservation increases indoor radon levels. Occupational exposures are expressed in units of radon daughter potential energy concentration or working level (WL). Cumulative exposure is the product of the working level and the time exposed. The unit for cumulative exposure is the working level month (WLM). The occupational standard for radon exposure is 4 WLM/year, and 2 WLM/year has been suggested as a guideline for remedial action in homes. Epidemiologic studies show that miners with cumulative radon daughter exposures somewhat below 100 WLM have excess lung cancer mortality. Some 3% to 8% of miners studied have developed lung cancer attributable to radon daughters. All of the underground mining studies show an increased risk of lung cancer with radon daughter exposure. All cell types of lung cancer increased with radon exposure. If radon and smoking act in a multiplicative manner, then the risk for smokers could be 10 times that for nonsmokers. The potential risk of lung cancer appears to be between 1 and 2 per 10,000/WLM, which yields a significant number of lung cancers as some 220 million persons in the United States are exposed on average to 10 to 20 WLM/lifetime.
Cardiology: The Evolution of the Science and the Art
Authors: Paul Kligfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book and Software Notes17 April 2001Cardiology: The Evolution of the Science and the ArtPaul Kligfield, MDPaul Kligfield, MDDivision of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York. (Kligfield)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Cardiology: The Evolution of the Science and the ArtSecond edition. Bing RJ, ed. 360 pages. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ Pr; 1999. $24.00. ISBN 0813526280. Order phone 800-446-9323.Field of medicine: History of medicine and science, and cardiovascular diseases.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinical cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons, general internists, students, and researchers.Purpose: To describe the development of modern cardiology from a perspective that balances technical advances with individual achievement in science.Content: Individual chapters discuss the development of cardiologic methods (catheterization, echocardiography, isotopes, electrophysiology, molecular biology and genetics, and bedside diagnosis), the history of procedures (cardiopulmonary bypass, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York. (Kligfield) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 April 2001Volume 134, Issue 8Page: 716KeywordsCardiac surgeryComputer and information sciencesCoronary heart diseaseGenetic diseasesHeart failureHistory of medicineMolecular biologyStable coronary artery diseaseTraditional medicineTransplantation ePublished: 17 April 2001 Issue Published: 17 April 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Respiratory failure after thoracoplasty: treatment by intermittent negative-pressure ventilation.
Authors: E H Sawicka, M A Branthwaite, G T Spencer
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Ten patients with severe respiratory failure secondary to extensive pulmonary tuberculosis and thoracoplasty have been treated with intermittent negative-pressure ventilation. All recovered and have been followed up for from six months to eight years. Two have died from unrelated causes and six have used some form of breathing aid at home. Negative-pressure ventilation, which is a non-invasive form of respiratory support, offers important benefits in selected cases.
Signals on the immune tract
Authors: M F NEURATH
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 190 

Recent studies have shown that cytokines produced by T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells play an important role in both the induction and perpetuation of chronic intestinal inflammation.1-5 In particular, the balance between interleukin 12/interferon γ and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) responses has been shown to regulate the occurrence of chronic intestinal inflammation.6 The TGF-β superfamily consists of multifunctional cytokines, including TGF-β 1–3, activins, inhibins, and bone morphogenetic proteins. TGF-β1 mediates its functions by binding to the accessory TGF-β type III receptor that serves as a ligand for the TGF-β type II receptor. Receptor bound TGF-β1 recruits TGF-β type I receptor into the complex leading to formation of a heteromeric complex that finally results in phosphorylation and activation of receptor …