tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What defines airflow obstruction in asthma?
Authors: I. Cerveri, A. G. Corsico, S. Accordini, G. Cervio, E. Ansaldo, A. Grosso, R. Niniano, E. Tsana Tegomo, J. M. Anto, N. Kunzli, C. Janson, J. Sunyer, C. Svanes, J. Heinrich, J. P. Schouten, M. Wjst, E. Pozzi, R. de Marco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Asthma guidelines from the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute provide conflicting definitions of airflow obstruction, suggesting a fixed forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity (FVC) cut-off point and the lower limit of normality (LLN), respectively. The LLN was recommended by the recent American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines on lung function testing. The problem in using fixed cut-off points is that they are set regardless of age and sex in an attempt to simplify diagnosis at the expense of misclassification. The sensitivity and specificity of fixed FEV(1)/FVC ratios of 0.70, 0.75 and 0.80 versus the LLN were evaluated in 815 subjects (aged 20-44 yrs) with a diagnosis of asthma within the framework of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. In males, the 0.70 ratio showed 76.5% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity, the 0.75 ratio 100.0% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity, and the 0.80 ratio 100.0% sensitivity but 58.1% specificity. In females, the 0.70 ratio showed 57.3% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity, the 0.75 ratio 91.5% sensitivity and 95.9% specificity, and the 0.80 ratio 100.0% sensitivity but 72.9% specificity. The fixed cut-off points cause a lot of misidentification of airflow obstruction in young adults, with overestimation with the 0.80 ratio and underestimation with the 0.70 ratio. In conclusion, the GINA guidelines should change their criteria for defining airflow obstruction.
Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: C P Tamboli
Journal: Gut (2003)

Abundant data have incriminated intestinal bacteria in the initiation and amplification stages of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the precise role of intestinal bacteria remains elusive. One theory has suggested a breakdown in the balance between putative species of "protective" versus "harmful" intestinal bacteria--this concept has been termed "dysbiosis". Arguments in support of this concept are discussed.
Analysis of glutathione S-transferase allergen cross-reactivity in a North American population: Relevance for molecular diagnosis
Authors: Geoffrey A. Mueller, Lars C. Pedersen, Jill Glesner, Lori L. Edwards, Josefina Zakzuk, Robert E. London, L. Karla Arruda, Martin D. Chapman, Luis Caraballo, Anna Pomés
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)

It is not clear whether cross-reactivity or cosensitization to glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) occurs in tropical and subtropical environments. In the United States, Bla g 5 is the most important GST allergen and lack of coexposure to GSTs from certain species allows a better assessment of cross-reactivity.To examine the molecular structure of GST allergens from cockroach (Bla g 5), dust mites (Der p 8 and Blo t 8), and helminth (Asc s 13) for potential cross-reactive sites, and to assess the IgE cross-reactivity of sensitized patients from a temperate climate for these allergens for molecular diagnostic purposes.Four crystal structures were determined. Sera from patients allergic to cockroach and mite were tested for IgE reactivity to these GSTs. A panel of 6 murine anti-Bla g 5 mAb was assessed for cross-reactivity with the other 3 GSTs using antibody binding assays.Comparisons of the allergen structures, formed by 2-domain monomers that dimerize, revealed few contiguous regions of similar exposed residues, rendering cross-reactivity unlikely. Accordingly, anti-Bla g 5 or anti-Der p 8 IgE from North American patients did not recognize Der p 8 or Bla g 5, respectively, and neither showed binding to Blo t 8 or Asc s 13. A weaker binding of anti-Bla g 5 IgE to Der p 8 versus Bla g 5 (∼ 100-fold) was observed by inhibition assays, similar to a weak recognition of Der p 8 by anti-Bla g 5 mAb. Patients from tropical Colombia had IgE to all 4 GSTs.The lack of significant IgE cross-reactivity among the 4 GSTs is in agreement with the low shared amino acid identity at the molecular surface. Each GST is needed for accurate molecular diagnosis in different geographic areas.
Unique Cardioprotective Action of the New Calcium Antagonist Mibefradil
Authors: Rainer Schulz, Heiner Post, Andreas Jalowy, Ulrich Backenköhler, Hilmar Dörge, Christian Vahlhaus, Gerd Heusch
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Mibefradil is a calcium antagonist with few negative inotropic effects at therapeutic concentrations. Methods and Results —The effect of mibefradil on infarct size (IS) was compared with those of placebo, amlodipine, and verapamil in 64 anesthetized pigs. In placebo pigs, after 90 minutes of ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion, IS (by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) was 15.3±10.8% (SD) of the area at risk. Mibefradil (0.60 mg/kg IV) reduced heart rate and left ventricular (LV) pressure, and IS was 1.9±3.9% ( P &lt;0.05 versus placebo). Verapamil (0.15 mg/kg IV) also decreased heart rate, LV pressure, and IS (6.1±4.2%, P &lt;0.05 versus placebo). Amlodipine (0.20 mg/kg IV) did not alter heart rate, LV pressure, or IS (9.9±5.4%, P =NS versus placebo). When heart rate was maintained constant by left atrial pacing and LV pressure was adjusted to that of the placebo group by an intra-aortic balloon, mibefradil still decreased IS (3.8±3.0%, P &lt;0.05 versus placebo), but verapamil did not (11.6±8.3%, P =NS versus placebo). With glibenclamide infusion, mibefradil no longer reduced IS (13.1±4.3% versus 17.8±5.6% with glibenclamide alone, P =NS). Conclusions —The IS-limiting effect of mibefradil, in contrast to that of verapamil, was not dependent on favorable hemodynamics but was abolished by glibenclamide, suggesting a direct cardioprotective action of mibefradil.
Lack of In Vivo Functional Compensation Between Pax Family Groups II and III in Rodents
Authors: Shinichiro Hayashi, Didier Rocancourt, Margaret Buckingham, Frederic Relaix
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Pax genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play critical roles in embryonic development and organogenesis. Pax proteins are subdivided into four subfamilies: group I (Pax1and 9), II (Pax2, 5, and 8), III (Pax3 and 7), and IV (Pax4 and 6), based on the presence of a paired domain, an octapeptide motif and part or all of the homeodomain. Studies of the evolution of this gene family are incomplete. Nevertheless, it is known that each family evolved via duplication from four corresponding ancestral genes. Pax gene functions have been shown to be conserved within subgroups. It remains unclear, however, whether any (early) conserved function is shared between subgroups. To investigate conserved functions between subfamily II and III, we replaced an allele of Pax3 with a Pax8-coding sequence via gene targeting in the mouse. Homozygote Pax3Pax8/Pax8 embryos display phenotypes indistinguishable from Pax3-deficient mutant embryos, with neural tube closure defects, a deficit in neural crest cells in the trunk, and skeletal muscle defects including absence of long-range migratory myogenic progenitors and impaired somite development. Interestingly, despite Pax8 expression in the neural tube in a domain ventral to that of Pax3, Pax8 cannot replace Pax3 function in the dorsal neural tube. Altogether, our results demonstrate that expression of Pax8 fails to compensate for Pax3 deficiency, demonstrating the absence of functional compensation between one subfamily of Pax genes and another in the mouse embryo. Our result suggests that Pax3/7 and Pax2/5/8 functions evolved independently after duplication of the ancestral progenitor Pax genes.
Combination of Cytology, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Aneuploidy, and Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Human Mammaglobin/Mammaglobin B Expression Improves Diagnosis of Malignant Effusions
Authors: Michael Fiegl, Margot Haun, Anita Massoner, Jens Krugmann, Elisabeth Müller-Holzner, Rene Hack, Wolfgang Hilbe, Christian Marth, Hans-Christoph Duba, Günther Gastl, Kurt Grünewald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

The identification of malignant cells in effusions by conventional cytology is hampered by its limited sensitivity. The aim of this study was to improve tumor cell detection in effusions by molecular approaches.A total of 157 effusions from patients with tumors and 72 effusions from patients without a history or evidence of malignancy were included in this study. All effusion specimens were evaluated in parallel by cytology, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for aneuploidy, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for expression of human mammaglobin (hMAM) and mammaglobin B (hMAM-B).In effusions from patients with tumors, the sensitivities of tumor cell detection by cytology, FISH, and hMAM and hMAM-B detection were 46.2%, 53.3%, 36.4%, and 57.7%, respectively. The corresponding specificities were 94.4%, 97.0%, 87.1%, and 88.6%. Notably, a high percentage of effusions containing malignant cells were in fact transudates, indicating the necessity for molecular diagnostic work-up of transudates collected from patients with tumors. Dependent on the tumor type, the use of appropriate marker combinations improved tumor cell detection in effusions significantly. By combining all four diagnostic tests, a positive test result indicating the presence of malignancy was achieved in 81.1%, with a fairly good specificity of 70.1%.Molecular techniques are definitely useful to detect malignancy in cytologically negative effusions. Tumor cell detection in effusions can be significantly improved by FISH and PCR techniques applying appropriate molecular markers. This finding should help to improve tumor staging, prognostic assessment, and treatment monitoring.
Comparison of cryotherapy and curettage for the treatment of pyogenic granuloma: a randomized trial
Authors: S.Z. Ghodsi, M. Raziei, A. Taheri, M. Karami, P. Mansoori, F. Farnaghi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Pyogenic granuloma is a benign vascular lesion of the skin and mucous membranes. Many different treatments have been used, with variable success rates.To evaluate and compare the effects of cryotherapy and curettage in the treatment of pyogenic granuloma.Eighty-nine patients with pyogenic granuloma were randomized to receive cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen or curettage and electrodesiccation. Forty patients in the cryotherapy group and 36 patients in the curettage group completed the study period.Among the patients who completed the study, treatment resulted in complete resolution of all lesions after one to three sessions (mean 1.42) in the cryotherapy group and after one to two sessions (mean 1.03) in the curettage group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Twenty-three patients (57.5%) in the cryotherapy group and 25 patients (69%) in the curettage group had no scar or pigmentation abnormality. Except for cosmetic problems, no other side-effect or complication was recorded in the study.This study showed that both cryotherapy and curettage are safe and effective. Curettage had the advantage of fewer treatment sessions required to achieve resolution and better cosmetic results. We suggest that curettage could be the first-line treatment for pyogenic granuloma.
IDH2 mutations are frequent in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Rob A. Cairns, Javeed Iqbal, François Lemonnier, Can Kucuk, Laurence de Leval, Jean-Philippe Jais, Marie Parrens, Antoine Martin, Luc Xerri, Pierre Brousset, Li Chong Chan, Wing-Chung Chan, Philippe Gaulard, Tak W. Mak
Journal: Blood (2012)
Optimization of Nonviral Gene Transfer of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Sorin Armeanu, Jaroslav Pelisek, Eberhard Krausz, Alexandra Fuchs, Detlef Groth, Rene Curth, Oliver Keil, Jacques Quilici, Pierre H. Rolland, Regina Reszka, Sigrid Nikol
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Gene therapy strategies for the prevention of restenosis postangioplasty are promising. Nonviral gene transfer to the arterial wall in vivo has so far been limited by poor efficiency. This study aimed to optimize transfection of primary vascular smooth muscle cells using cationic nonviral formulations based on cholesterol derivates (DC-, DAC-, DCQ-, and Sp-Chol), double-chained amphiphils (LipofectAMINE, DOTMA, DOSGA, DOSPER, and DOCSPER), or heterogeneous reagents (Superfect, Effectene, and Tfx-50). Estimation of transfection efficiencies was performed using galactosidase assays at different ratios of transfection reagent to plasmid DNA with reporter gene. Toxicity was monitored by analyzing cell metabolism. Transfer efficiency and safety were determined in a porcine restenosis model for local gene therapy using morphometry, histology, galactosidase assays, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The highest in vitro transfection efficiency was achieved using the recently developed DOCSPER liposomes, with transfer rates of at least 20% in vascular smooth muscle cells. Transfer efficiency was further enhanced up to 20% by complexing with poly-l-lysine. Transfection efficiency in vivo in a porcine restenosis model was up to 15% of adventitial cells using DOCSPER versus 0.1% using LipofectAMINE. Toxicity in vivo and in vitro was lowest using DOCSPER. Increased biological effects were demonstrated following optimization of transfer conditions.
Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein Inhibits Phosphate Transport
Authors: Joanne Marks, Linda J. Churchill, Edward S. Debnam, Robert J. Unwin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

The role of putative humoral factors, known as phosphatonins, in phosphate homeostasis and the relationship between phosphate handling by the kidney and gastrointestinal tract are incompletely understood. Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), one of several candidate phosphatonins, promotes phosphaturia, but whether it also affects intestinal phosphate absorption is unknown. Here, using the in situ intestinal loop technique, we demonstrated that short-term infusion of MEPE inhibits phosphate absorption in the jejunum but not the duodenum. Simultaneous measurement of urinary phosphate excretion suggests that the phosphaturic action of MEPE correlates with a significant reduction in the protein levels of the renal sodium-phosphate co-transporter NaPi-IIa in the proximal convoluted tubules of the outer renal cortex, assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. This short-term inhibitory effect of MEPE on renal and intestinal phosphate handling occurred without any changes in circulating levels of parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), or fibroblast growth factor 23. Taken together, these findings suggest that MEPE is a candidate phosphatonin involved in phosphate homeostasis, acting in both the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract.
Red Medicine: Socialized Health in Soviet Russia
Authors: Arthur Newsholme, John Adams Kingsbury
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eph-B2/Ephrin-B2 Interaction Plays a Major Role in the Adhesion and Proliferation of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Feda Azab, Abdel Kareem Azab, Patricia Maiso, Teresa Calimeri, Ludmila Flores, Yang Liu, Phong Quang, Aldo M. Roccaro, Antonio Sacco, Hai T. Ngo, Yong Zhang, Brittany L. Morgan, Ruben D. Carrasco, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The ephrin receptors (Eph) are found in a wide range of cancers and correlate with metastasis. In this study, we characterized the role of Eph-B2 receptor in the interaction of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) cells with the bone marrow microenvironment. Experimental Design: We screened the activity of different receptor tyrosine kinases in WM patients and found that Eph-B2 was overexpressed compared with control. Also, we tested the expression of ephrin-B2 ligand on endothelial cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) isolated from WM patients. We then tested the role of Eph-B2/Ephrin-B2 interaction in the adhesion of WM cells to endothelial cells and BMSCs; the cell signaling induced by the coculture in both the WM cells and the endothelial cells; WM cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in vitro and tumor progression in vivo; and in angiogenesis. Results: Eph-B2 receptor was found to be activated in WM patients compared with control, with a 5-fold increase in CD19+ WM cells, and activated cell adhesion signaling, including focal adhesion kinase, Src, P130, paxillin, and cofilin, but decreased WM cell chemotaxis. Ephrin-B2 ligand was highly expressed on endothelial cells and BMSCs isolated from WM patients and on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and induced signaling in the endothelial cells promoting adhesion and angiogenesis. Blocking of ephrin-B2 or Eph-B2 inhibited adhesion, cytoskeletal signaling, proliferation, and cell cycle in WM cells, which was induced by coculture with endothelial cells and decreased WM tumor progression in vivo. Conclusion: Ephrin-B2/Eph-B2 axis regulates adhesion, proliferation, cell cycle, and tumor progression in vivo through the interaction of WM with the cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res; 18(1); 91–104. ©2011 AACR.
Dietary Fat Intake and Cognitive Decline in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Elizabeth E. Devore, Meir J. Stampfer, Monique M.B. Breteler, Bernard Rosner, Jae Hee Kang, Olivia Okereke, Frank B. Hu, Francine Grodstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Individuals with type 2 diabetes have high risk of late-life cognitive impairment, yet little is known about strategies to modify risk. Targeting insulin resistance and vascular complications-both associated with cognitive decline-may be a productive approach. We investigated whether dietary fat, which modulates glucose and lipid metabolism, might influence cognitive decline in older adults with diabetes.Beginning in 1995-1999, we evaluated cognitive function in 1,486 Nurses' Health Study participants, aged >or=70 years, with type 2 diabetes; second evaluations were conducted 2 years later. Dietary fat intake was assessed regularly beginning in 1980; we considered average intake from 1980 (at midlife) through initial cognitive interview and also after diabetes diagnosis. We used multivariate-adjusted linear regression models to obtain mean differences in cognitive decline across tertiles of fat intake.Higher intakes of saturated and trans fat since midlife, and lower polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio, were each highly associated with worse cognitive decline in these women. On a global score averaging all six cognitive tests, mean decline among women in the highest trans fat tertile was 0.15 standard units worse than that among women in the lowest tertile (95% CI -0.24 to -0.06, P = 0.002); this mean difference was comparable with the difference we find in women 7 years apart in age. Results were similar when we analyzed diet after diabetes diagnosis.These findings suggest that lower intakes of saturated and trans fat and higher intake of polyunsaturated fat relative to saturated fat may reduce cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Abstract after all? Abstraction through inhibition in children and adults
Authors: Olivier Houdé
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract I challenge two points in Cohen Kadosh &amp; Walsh's (CK &amp; W) argument: First, the definition of abstraction is too restricted; second, the distinction between representations and operations is too clear-cut. For example, taking Jean Piaget's “conservation of number task,” I propose that another way to avoid orthodoxy in the field of numerical cognition is to consider inhibition as an alternative idea of abstraction.
Correlation dimension of heartbeat intervals is reduced in conscious pigs by myocardial ischemia.
Authors: J E Skinner, C Carpeggiani, C E Landisman, K W Fulton
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

A reduced standard deviation of RR intervals (SDRR) predicts increased mortality in groups of survivors of myocardial infarction. Like SDRR, the correlation dimension (D2) describes variation within a sampled time series, but uniquely it reveals 1) the epoch's geometric structure and 2) the degrees of freedom of the generator. These unique features may be more sensitive predictors of mortality than SDRR. We developed a new algorithm for estimating D2 (i.e., the "point-D2"), tested it with known data, and found that it had greater accuracy for finite data than other published algorithms. Analysis of RR intervals from eight conscious pigs undergoing acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery revealed a drop in the point-D2 from a control mean and standard deviation of 2.50 +/- 0.81 to 1.58 +/- 0.64 during the first minute of ischemia (p less than 0.01) and to 1.07 +/- 0.18 during the last minute preceding ventricular fibrillation (p less than 0.01). Partial occlusions (50-90% reduction of coronary blood flow) evoked point-D2 reductions only 25-30% of control (p less than 0.01). The point-D2 means were correlated between pigs with the magnitude of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (p less than 0.01), but during ischemia this correlation was replaced by one between the standard deviation of the point-D2s and SDRRs. Because the simultaneous reduction in the mean point-D2 and its standard deviation to 1.07 +/- 0.18 occurred in every case, was unique to the few minutes preceding ventricular fibrillation, and never reached these low values during other conditions in which it was reduced, we conclude that the point-D2 may be an accurate prospective predictor of mortality within the individual subject.