tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Underutilization of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: James Heaf
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
632. Sustained Function and Enhanced Replicative Capacity of Anti-Tumor CD4+ Effectors by Enforced Co-Stimulation
Authors: Lufen Chang, Michael Jensen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Optimal T-Cell activation for cytokine production, expansion and retention of effector functions requires multiple signals provided by co-stimulatory receptor signaling together with TCR-CD3 complex signaling. A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in our original redirected cytolytic T cells (CTLs) contains just a CD3z signal alone (Kahlon KS et al., 2004. Cancer Research), which may not be able to induce a full immune response in targeting tumors that rarely express costimulatory molecules. To circumvent this limitation, we improve the current CAR by addition of the cytoplasmic domain of CD28 and 4-1BB co-stimulator receptors. The resulting CAR composed of the CD28-41BB- CD3z tripartite cytoplasmic domain augments the levels of specific tumor-induced IL-2, INF-g gene expression and cytokine expression and accelerates cytolytic activity. Interestingly, combing z with CD28 and 41BB co-stimulation confers CD4+ effector cells on retention of immunological response to subsequent tumor antigen encounter in the absence of IL-2. Overall, this study has demonstrated that incorporation of costimulatory activity in CAR is a powerful approach to improve current immunotherapeutic strategies. Kahlon KS, Brown C, Cooper LJ, Raubitschek A, Forman SJ, Jensen MC. Specific recognition and killing of glioblastoma multiforme by interleukin 13-zetakine redirected cytolytic T cells. Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 15;64(24):9160–166.
Alcoholism Research Report Acknowledges Progress, Emphasizes Need to Understand Underlying Pathology, Assess Treatment Results
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A NATIONAL alcoholism research report becomes available to the public this month (National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Information, Dept SP, PO Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20852). However, this<i>Sixth Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health From the Secretary of Health and Human Services</i>(Otis R. Bowen, MD) already is being discussed because Bowen released advance copies to coincide with National Alcohol Awareness Month. The Department of Health and Human Services (and its predecessor, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) began preparing these reports 15 years ago. The fifth special report was issued in December 1983. Bowen notes in an opening statement in this latest report that there are indications of "a continuing downward trend since 1981 in per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages" in this country. And, more than 300 pages later, the report's concluding sentence states that "studies of treatment goals indicate that abstention from
Papillomavirus in the Vapor of Carbon Dioxide Laser-Treated Verrucae
Authors: Jerome M. Garden
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Vapor produced by the carbon dioxide laser during the vaporization of papillomavirus-infected verrucae was analyzed for viral DNA content. Two models were used for evaluation: an in vitro cutaneous bovine fibropapilloma and an in vivo human verruca model. Four bovine fibropapillomas were exposed to various laser parameters with power densities of 38,200 to 130 W/cm2 and energy fluences of 3820 to 130 J/cm2. The generated vapor was collected in a chamber in line with a vacuum system. Hybridization with bovine papillomavirus DNA probes revealed intact bovine papillomavirus DNA for all power densities and energy fluences used. The laser vapor from seven patients undergoing carbon dioxide laser therapy for plantar or mosaic verrucae was also collected. Laser parameter settings were similar to those usually chosen for clinical tissue vaporization. Intact human papillomavirus DNA was present in the vapor from two of seven patients. These studies indicate that intact viral DNA is liberated into the air with the vapor of laser-treated verrucae. It would be prudent for all practitioners who use the laser in treating patients with viral infections or conditions associated with viruses to practice extreme care and safety throughout the laser procedure.
PMO-203 Direct gastric puncture and gastropexy (Freka<sup>®</sup>Pexact) insertion technique for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy reduces peristomal infection rates compared with standard pull-through insertion in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: B R Disney, M Nizamuddin, A Tanajura, M Anderson, M Lewis
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with head and neck cancer often have a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) inserted to provide nutritional support while undergoing treatment. The standard pull-through PEG technique is associated with a high incidence of peristomal infection. This is thought to be a result of pulling the PEG through the oral cavity which may be colonised with bacteria. In addition there is the risk of tumour seeding at the PEG site with this method. In our institution, such patients now have an endoscopical controlled introducer PEG (Freka<sup>®</sup> Pexact) with dual gastropexy inserted which avoids passage of the bumper through the oral cavity. We aimed to compare peristomal infection rates between the two methods of PEG insertion. <h3>Methods</h3> We carried out a retrospective audit of PEG insertions in patients with head and neck cancer. Patients were identified using the ADAM<sup>®</sup> medical documentation system (Fujinon Europe GmbH, Willich, Germany) and the Nutrition team logs. Complications, peristomal infection and 30-day mortality were documented after review of case notes and liaison with Community Nutrition Nurses. <h3>Results</h3> A standard pull-through PEG (16F Corflo<sup>®</sup>, Merck, UK) was inserted in 13 patients and 30 patients had a Freka<sup>®</sup> Pexact 15F (Fresenius Kabi, Germany) inserted. Of the Pexact group 76.7% were male (n=23); 84.6% (n=11) of the standard group were male. The mean age of patients was 58 years (range 35–81) in the Pexact group and 61 years (range 35–78) in the standard PEG group. Prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed to 83.3% (n=25) in the Pexact group compared with 100% (n=13) of the standard pull-through PEG group. In the standard PEG group 69.2% (n=9) developed peristomal infection compared with 36.7% (n=11) in the Pexact group. Immediate complications occurred in 15.4% (n=2) in the standard group and in none of those in the Pexact group. There were no deaths in either group at 30 days. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The introduction of the direct gastric puncture and gastropexy technique led to a significant reduction of peristomal infections in patient with head and neck cancer. This new technique is well tolerated by patients. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Treatment of Coronary No-Reflow With Intracoronary Vasodilators Added to Intravenous Tirofiban
Authors: İbrahim Faruk Aktürk, Ahmet Arif Yalçın, Çetin Sarıkamış, Nihan Turhan Çağlar, İsmail Bıyık, Mehmet Ertürk, Ömer Çelik, Fatih Uzun, İlker Murat Çağlar, Ender Öner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The IL-1 receptor and Rho directly associate to drive cell activation in inflammation
Authors: R. Singh, B. Wang, A. Shirvaikar, S. Khan, S. Kamat, J.R. Schelling, M. Konieczkowski, J.R. Sedor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

IL-1–stimulated mesenchymal cells model molecular mechanisms of inflammation. Binding of IL-1 to the type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) clusters a multi-subunit signaling complex at focal adhesion complexes. Since Rho family GTPases coordinately organize actin cytoskeleton and signaling to regulate cell phenotype, we hypothesized that the IL-1R signaling complex contained these G proteins. IL-1 stimulated actin stress fiber formation in serum-starved HeLa cells in a Rho-dependent manner and rapidly activated nucleotide exchange on RhoA. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, containing either the full-length IL-1R cytosolic domain (GST-IL-1Rcd) or the terminal 68 amino acids of IL-1R required for IL-1–dependent signal transduction, specifically coprecipitated both RhoA and Rac-1, but not p21ras, from Triton-soluble HeLa cell extracts. In whole cells, a small-molecular-weight G protein coimmunoprecipitated by anti–IL-1R antibody was a substrate for C3 transferase, which specifically ADP-ribosylates Rho GTPases. Constitutively activated RhoA, loaded with [γ-32P]GTP, directly interacted with GST-IL-1Rcd in a filter-binding assay. The IL-1Rcd-RhoA interaction was functionally important, since a dominant inhibitory mutant of RhoA prevented IL-1Rcd–directed transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene. Consistent with our previous data demonstrating that IL-1R–associated myelin basic protein (MBP) kinases are necessary for IL-1–directed gene expression, cellular incorporation of C3 transferase inhibited IL-1R–associated MBP kinase activity both in solution and in gel kinase assays. In summary, IL-1 activated RhoA, which was physically associated with IL-1Rcd and necessary for activation of cytosolic nuclear signaling pathways. These findings suggest that IL-1–stimulated, Rho-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization may cluster signaling molecules in specific architectures that are necessary for persistent cell activation in chronic inflammatory disease.
The Search for Parameters
Authors: F. Askevold
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

Psychosomatic research dealing with subtle psychological mechanism is in need of a special type of reference group as a parameter for evaluation. The basic research tool is the clinical interview. This interview situation must be standardized and the group must then be drawn from a hospital population interviewed in the clinical routine. In this routine we have found 142 patients, 77 females and 65 males, fulfilling the criterion of psychic health. Another criterion is a series of hospitalization caused by chronic to subchronic somatic diseases. The psychological criterion concerns balance of affects, stability of contacts and other signs of ego-strength and good personality integration. Included in the group we also require a validation through psychological tests.
Study of lung function data by principal components analysis.
Authors: H Cowie, M H Lloyd, C A Soutar
Journal: Thorax (1985)

As a rational approach to the many lung function tests available, we have subjected the results of a battery of six lung function measurements made in 458 coalminers to the statistical technique of principal components analysis. By this means the six test results were reduced to three principal components without important loss of information. The first component appeared to represent lung size and the second the degree of airflow obstruction, and the third detected impairment of gas transfer factor in excess of that explained by the first two components. The values of the first principal component, used to select men with abnormal lung function, identified more younger men with functional abnormalities than a method based on comparison of observed and predicted values of forced expiration volume in one second. The values of the second and third principal components were used to classify types of functional abnormality. It is concluded that this statistical technique provides a sensitive method of identifying men with unusual lung function, particularly younger men, in a population and can be used to define and quantify different aspects of lung function.
Textbook of Critical Care
Authors: Robert C. McIntyre
Journal: JAMA (1996)

There has been an explosion in both basic research and clinical experience that has led to rapid expansion of the knowledge base required for the practice of critical care medicine. The editors of the third edition of<i>Textbook of Critical Care</i>have attempted to provide a comprehensive and standard textbook designed to supply extensive breadth and depth of information for the health care provider at the bedside in the intensive care unit (ICU). Like the discipline of critical care medicine itself, this textbook offers a multidisciplinary approach to the care of the critically ill patient. It has more than 330 contributors who are leaders in the development of this newest of medical disciplines. The editors and contributors clearly have accomplished their goal. The text is divided into sections, each focused on a single organ system or organizational element of the critical care unit. An introductory section contains an excellent chapter
Localization of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Joseph W. Segura
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Harding and associates (240:1147, 1978) compared the results of the bladder-washout (BW) test for localization of urinary tract infection with the presence of antibody coating of urinary bacteria. We are not aware of evidence that confirms the accuracy of the BW test; therefore, we do not believe that the authors can assume error in the antibody-coating test in cases with conflicting results. The original report of the BW test by Fairley et al,<sup>1</sup>which claimed accuracy of the procedure, did not include criteria for that test or for the uretaral catheterization study with which it was compared. Evaluation of the published data applying criteria that Fairley et al<sup>2</sup>published later shows the accuracy of the test to be poor. Only seven of the 20 patients with upper urinary tract infection according to ureteral catheterization study criteria showed upper urinary tract infection by the BW test
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I study of MEDI-545, an anti–interferon-alfa monoclonal antibody, in subjects with chronic psoriasis
Authors: Robert Bissonnette, Kim Papp, Catherine Maari, Yihong Yao, Gabriel Robbie, Wendy I. White, Chenxiong Le, Barbara White
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Reversal of Chronic Polymyositis Following Intravenous Immune Serum Globulin Therapy
Authors: Chaim M. Roifman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

POLYMYOSITIS is an inflammatory disease of striated muscle, which has been attributed to a vasculopathy. Although the pathogenesis is unknown, studies suggest that an immune mechanism may contribute to this disorder. The evidence consists of the presence of tissue-bound immunoglobulins and complement within blood vessels of involved muscle<sup>1</sup>and the in vitro cytotoxic effect of patients' lymphocytes on muscle cells grown in culture.<sup>2,3</sup> The mainstay of therapy in polymyositis is corticosteroids. This treatment results in improvement of prognosis and life-style in most patients with this disorder.<sup>4-10</sup>However, some individuals are refractory to steroid therapy or demonstrate only a partial response.<sup>11,12</sup>In other patients, short- or long-term toxic reactions to corticosteroids force discontinuation of the drug. Such patients who are resistant to or intolerant of corticosteroids have been treated with immunosuppressive agents, including methotrexate sodium,<sup>13-17</sup>azathioprine sodium,<sup>18-20</sup>cyclophosphamide,<sup>17,21,22</sup>and cyclosporine.<sup>23</sup> Although patients may
Interval training as an alternative modality to continuous exercise in patients with COPD
Authors: I. Vogiatzis, S. Nanas, C. Roussos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Understanding of what constitutes a training load adequate to induce training effects in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still evolving. The present study investigated whether interval training (IT) is effective in terms of inducing measurable improvements in physiological response and compared its effects on exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life to those of continuous training (CT). Thirty-six COPD patients, with a forced expiratory volume in one second of 45±4% of the predicted value (mean±sem), were randomly assigned to CT (exercise at 50% of baseline peak work-rate) or IT (work for 30 s at 100% of peak work-rate alternating with 30‐s rest intervals) groups that cycled 40 min·day −1 and 2 days·week −1 for 12 weeks. After training, both groups showed significantly improved ET (IT, 57±6 to 71±8 W; CT, 57±5 to 70±6 W) and total quality-of-life score of the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (IT, 77±3 to 88±2; CT, 78±3 to 93±2). At identical levels of exercise, minute ventilation was significantly reduced (IT, 35.8±2.5 to 31.7±2.5 L·min −1 ; CT, 36.4±2.7 to 32.5±2.7 L·min −1 ). The magnitude of improvement in these variables was not significantly different among groups. The present data expand on the principles of exercise prescription for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients by demonstrating that interval training elicits substantial training effects, which are similar in magnitude to those produced by continuous training at half the exercise intensity but double the exercise time.
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Patients with Thyroid Cancer After Radioiodine Treatment
Authors: MELTEM CAGLAR, MURAT TUNCEL, REHA ALPAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Purpose Sialadenitis is a well-recognized adverse effect of high-dose radioactive iodine treatment. This study was undertaken to determine whether Tc-99m pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy may be used for objective assessment of salivary gland function in patients with thyroid cancer treated with I-131. Patients and Methods The study group consisted of 71 patients (16 men, 55 women) with a mean age of 44 years (range, 16 to 73 years). Twenty-six (37%) patients were not given any radioiodine, and 18, 16, and 11 patients received doses of 100, 150, or 200 mCi (or higher), respectively. Parotid and submandibular glands were evaluated based on a four-grade scoring system. Correlation between the type of surgery, administered dose, time since therapy, subjective symptoms, and findings of salivary gland scintigraphy were evaluated. Results Subjective symptoms were questioned in 39 of the 45 patients who received radioactive iodine treatment. Fifty-four percent (21 of 39) of the patients reported xerostomia, of whom 86% (18 of 21) showed salivary gland dysfunction. Objective salivary gland dysfunction was observed in 69% (31 of 45) of patients. In 81% of the patients, the parotid glands were affected; in 13% of the patients, the submandibular glands were affected; and in 6%, both were affected (P < 0.000001). The frequency of salivary gland dysfunction showed a dose dependence to cumulative activity (P = 0.007). A greater complication rate was observed in patients with total thyroidectomy compared with subtotal surgery, although the correlation was not significant (P = 0.625). Conclusions Parenchymal damage to the salivary glands induced by radioactive iodine treatment can be evaluated by salivary gland scintigraphy. The impairment is worse in the parotid glands and increases with the total dose.
Azelaic acid in lentigo maligna
Authors: A.S. Breathnach, M. Nazzaro-Porro, S. Passi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Azelaic acid in lentigo maligna Get access A.S. Breathnach, A.S. Breathnach Department of Anatomy, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 1PG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Nazzaro‐Porro, M. Nazzaro‐Porro Istituto Dermatologica San Gallicano, Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Passi S. Passi Istituto Dermatologica San Gallicano, Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 4, 1 April 1987, Pages 605–606, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05886.x Published: 01 April 1987
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “The Ethos and Ethics of Translational Research”
Authors: Jason Scott Robert, Mary Sunderland, Rachel A. Ankeny, Jane Maienschein
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Our target article focuses on stem cell research as an exemplar of the promises and perils of translational research. The work emerged from a series of workshops in Canada and the United States (US...
A survey of the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide in patients with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Paul F. Griner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

The members of the American Society of Hematology were surveyed to determine their experience in the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia (AA) with cyclophosphamide (CYT). Among the 401 members responding, 50 had treated AA patients, and three remissions were reported. These remissions can be explained either by response to CYT in a subgroup of patients with AA due to an immune mechanism or to spontaneous remission. Clinical trials of the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of AA patients will not likely permit a distinction between drug effect and spontaneous remission until the subgroup of patients with immune-mediated AA is identified through the development of more sensitive and specific in vitro tests.
Medical Treatment of Arrhythmias.
Authors: Wright Adams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Medical Treatment of Arrhythmias.Wright Adams, M.D., F.A.C.P.Wright Adams, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-322_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis is a review of the medical treatment of arrhythmias that may be treated by electronic means. The role of countershock in the treatment of arrhythmias is not completely defined to everyone's satisfaction. Hopefully this panel will make some small contribution in defining the place of medical treatment and countershock.After diagnosis of the arrhythmia is made the first question to be answered is "Is any treatment necessary?" Criteria involved in making this decision will be discussed.If treatment is indicated the indications for, and nature of, medical treatment will be considered. The various general measures available will be outlined.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 322-323KeywordsArrhythmiaDecision making Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...