tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Graffi Leukemia Virus and Virus-Induced Antigens in Leukemic and Nonleukemic Tissues of Mice
Authors: Günter Pasternak, Luise Pasternak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

The presence of Graffi myeloid leukemia virus in different leukemic and nonleukemic tissues of mice has been determined by the ability of the virus to form antibodies in adult mice against virus-induced antigens on the surface of Graffi leukemia cells. Both antibodies and virus-induced antigens in infected cells were measured by the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique. Twenty-four hours after infection of newborn mice, Graffi virus was demonstrable in spleen, liver, and brain. Three days after infection, the virus was also found in lymph nodes and thymus. Measured by the rapidity of antibody response, the highest virus concentration in the organs tested was reached about 14 days after inoculation. Absorption experiments at this time showed that spleen cells contained virus-induced surface antigens. These antigens were not detectable in spleen cells of animals infected as adults. With the mouse antibody production test, the Graffi virus was also demonstrable in the Landschütz sarcoma 1, the Ehrlich carcinoma, naturally harboring the Graffi virus, and a Graffi virus-infected Gross leukemia of the AKR strain. High antibody levels against leukemia cells developed in animals with progressively growing tumor or leukemia cells containing the virus. Although Sarcoma 1 and Ehrlich carcinoma cells, as well as the Graffi virus-infected Gross leukemia, were not sensitive to the rejection response of Graffi immune mice, results of absorption experiments and fluorescent antibody tests indicate virus-induced antigens on the surface of these cells. Their reactions, compared with those of leukemia cells, were very weak. The nature of virus-induced surface antigens is discussed.
The Relationship between the Reverse Left Ventricular Remodelling Developing After Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy and the Postimplantation Changes in QRS Duration and Presence of Fragmented QRS
Authors: Neslihan Özlem Al, Ahmet Vural, Umut Yengi Çelikyurt, Erhan Saraçoğlu, Hakan Çakmak, Tayyar Akbulut, Ender Emre, Dilek Ural
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Continuous intravenous furosemide in haemodynamically unstable children after cardiac surgery
Authors: M.M.J. van der Vorst, I. Ruys-Dudok van Heel, J.E. Kist-van Holthe, J. den Hartigh, R.C. Schoemaker, A.F. Cohen, J. Burggraaf
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Recent Cancer Trends in the United States
Authors: S. S. Devesa, W. J. Blot, B. J. Stone, B. A. Miller, R. E. Tarone, J. F. Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Cancer incidence rates have been reported to be increasing in the United States, although trends vary according to form of cancer.We identify the cancers accounting for the rising incidence, quantify the changes that have occurred from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s, and contrast incidence and mortality trends to provide clues to the determinants of the temporal patterns.Sex-, race-, and age-specific and age-adjusted incidence rates for the 5-year periods 1987-1991 versus 1975-1979 were calculated for 28 cancers among men and 30 cancers among women using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of cancer registration covering about 10% of the U.S. population. Similar rates were computed using national mortality data. Cancers were ranked according to the change in incidence rates over the two periods.Age-adjusted incidence rates for all cancers combined increased by 18.6% among males and 12.4% among females from 1975-1979 to 1987-1991, due largely to rising rates for prostate cancer among men and for breast and lung cancers among women. National mortality rates for all cancers combined rose less steeply, 3% and 6% among men and women, respectively, driven mostly by continuing increases in lung cancer mortality, while death rates for the majority of the cancers were steady or declining. Total cancer incidence rose at all ages, but with different tumors responsible for the increases at different ages: leukemia and brain/nervous system cancer among children; testicular cancer, nonmelanoma skin cancer (largely Kaposi's sarcoma), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and melanoma among young and middle-aged adults; and prostate, breast, and lung cancers among older individuals. In contrast, mortality rates for all cancers combined declined among both males and females under age 55 years, increasing only among older persons.Trends in cancer incidence and mortality differ. For most cancers, incidence rates are rising, while mortality rates are generally stable or declining.Much of the recent increase in cancer incidence can be explained by known factors. Improved detection appears to account for most of the increases in breast cancer among women and prostate cancer among men. On the other hand, cigarette smoking is the major determinant of the rise in lung cancer among women, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has led to increases in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma among young and middle-aged men, and sunlight exposure patterns have affected the trends in melanoma. Some trends remain unexplained, however, and may reflect changing exposures to carcinogens yet to be identified and clarified.
Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Mediates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Communication and Promotes Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Hong Ding, Dong Zhou, Sha Hao, Lili Zhou, Weichun He, Jing Nie, Fan Fan Hou, Youhua Liu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is a developmental signal cascade that plays an essential role in regulating embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Here, we investigated the potential role of Shh signaling in renal interstitial fibrogenesis. Ureteral obstruction induced Shh, predominantly in the renal tubular epithelium of the fibrotic kidneys. Using Gli1lacZ knock-in mice, we identified renal interstitial fibroblasts as Shh-responding cells. In cultured renal fibroblasts, recombinant Shh protein activated Gli1 and induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin, fibronectin, and collagen I expression, suggesting that Shh signaling promotes myofibroblast activation and matrix production. Blockade of Shh signaling with cyclopamine abolished the Shh-mediated induction of Gli1, Snail1, α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I. In vivo, the kidneys of Gli1-deficient mice were protected against the development of interstitial fibrosis after obstructive injury. In wild-type mice, cyclopamine did not affect renal Shh expression but did inhibit induction of Gli1, Snail1, and α-SMA. In addition, cyclopamine reduced matrix expression and mitigated fibrotic lesions. These results suggest that tubule-derived Shh mediates epithelial–mesenchymal communication by targeting interstitial fibroblasts after kidney injury. We conclude that Shh/Gli1 signaling plays a critical role in promoting fibroblast activation, production of extracellular matrix, and development of renal interstitial fibrosis.
Off-Pump versus On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Outcomes Stratified by Preoperative Renal Function
Authors: Lakhmir S. Chawla, Yue Zhao, Fredrick C. Lough, Elizabeth Schroeder, Michael G. Seneff, J. Matthew Brennan
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Clinical trials of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have largely excluded patients with CKD. Here, we sought to determine whether pump status affects outcomes in patients with CKD. Using a nonrandomized cohort of 742,909 non-emergent, isolated CABG cases, which included 158,561 off-pump cases, in the Society of Thoracic Surgery Database from 2004 through 2009, we evaluated the association between pump status (off-pump versus on-pump) and in-hospital death or incident renal replacement therapy (RRT) across strata of preoperative renal function. We used propensity methods to adjust patient- and center-level analyses for imbalances in baseline patient risk. Patients who received on-pump and off-pump CABG had similar mean age and distribution of preoperative estimated GFR (eGFR). In a propensity-weighted analysis, off-pump CABG was associated with a reduction in the composite in-hospital death or RRT, with patients having lower preoperative renal function exhibiting greater benefit, on average. The risk difference (on-pump minus off-pump) ranged from 0.05 (95% confidence interval, -0.06 to 0.16) per 100 patients for eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) to 3.66 (95% confidence interval, 2.14-5.18) per 100 patients for eGFR 15-29 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Both component endpoints suggested the same trend. In summary, these data suggest that patients with CKD experience less death or incident RRT when treated with off-pump compared with on-pump CABG. The reduction in incident RRT, not death, drove this effect on the composite among patients with low eGFR. Prospective trials comparing these procedures in patients with impaired preoperative renal function are warranted.
The magic of words
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In the small yet dull world of the medical columnist, the use of quotations is considered rather jejeune and naff. Meant to imply a deep breadth of scholarship—that the writer curls up each night with a good dose of Seneca and a tincture of Moliere—what it really means is a well thumbed Big Book of Quotations, kept in the bathroom, to be consulted at length while the Great Writer strains away.

But an ear for the telling phrase remains an indispensable part of the columnist's armoury, …
[575] PREDICTION OF TREATMENT RESPONSE TO 72 WEEKS OF PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2a PLUS RIBAVIRIN FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: A. Bergk, U.P. Neumann, F. van Boemmel, B. Wiedenmann, T. Berg, R. Neuhaus
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Response: Re: Pharmacogenomic Variation of CYP2D6 and the Choice of Optimal Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Modeling Analysis
Authors: Daniel F. Hayes, Vered Stearns, James Rae, David Flockhart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Adjuvant endocrine treatment with aromatase inhibitors improves disease-free survival compared with tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. This difference could be due to differences in tamoxifen metabolism because levels of endoxifen, the active tamoxifen metabolite, vary with the number of mutant alleles, including the *4 allele, of the gene encoding cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6).We created a Markov model to determine whether tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor monotherapy maximized 5-year disease-free survival for patients with the wild-type CYP2D6 genotype (wt/wt). Annual risks of recurrence with aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen in breast cancer patients who were not selected by CYP2D6 genotype were derived from the Breast International Group 1-98 trial. Genotype frequencies and the hazard ratio for cancer recurrence on tamoxifen among patients with the *4/*4 genotype relative to the wt/wt or wt/*4 genotypes (HR(*4/*4) = 1.86) were based on data from an analysis of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group trial of adjuvant tamoxifen. We explored the impact of CYP2D6(*4) heterozygosity on disease-free survival for wt/wt patients by studying a range of effect (ie, recurrence on tamoxifen) estimates, from no effect of the single mutation (Eff(wt/*4) = 0, recurrence rate in wt/*4 patients same as that in wt/wt patients) to complete effect (Eff(wt/*4) = 1 recurrence rate in wt/*4 patients same as that in *4/*4 patients).With HR(*4/*4) = 1.86 and Eff(wt/*4) = 0.5, the 5-year disease-free survival of tamoxifen-treated patients with no mutations (wt/wt) was 83.9%, that is, essentially the same as that (84.0%) for genotypically unselected patients who were treated with aromatase inhibitors. With greater HR(*4/*4) estimates, disease-free survival with tamoxifen exceed that with aromatase inhibitors in wt/wt patients, even at lower assumed Eff(wt/*4) ratios.Modeling suggests that among patients who are wild type for CYP2D6, 5-year disease-free survival outcomes are similar to or perhaps even superior with tamoxifen than with aromatase inhibitors. Endocrine therapy tailored to CYP2D6 genotype could be considered for women who are newly diagnosed with breast cancer, particularly those who have with concerns about either the relative toxicity or the increased cost of aromatase inhibitors.
Advances in Immunology — A New Series of Review Articles
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In this issue the Journal launches a new series of review articles, Advances in Immunology. The articles will appear monthly, usually in the first issue of the month (some articles will have two parts, which will be published in consecutive weeks). We plan to publish them during the rest of 2000 and into 2001. From 1987 to 1989 the Journal published a series of eight articles on immunology. Since then, progress in the field has been considerable, even astonishing. It is time for another visit.The series begins with a survey of the fundamentals: the cellular and humoral constituents of . . .
Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: Sangmi Kim, Temitope O. Keku, Christopher Martin, Joseph Galanko, John T. Woosley, Jane C. Schroeder, Jessie A. Satia, Susan Halabi, Robert S. Sandler
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The association between obesity and colorectal neoplasia may be mediated by inflammation. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are elevated in the obese. Adipose tissue can produce and release the inflammatory cytokines that are potentially procarcinogenic. We examined circulating levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in relation to risk factors and the prevalence of colorectal adenomas. Plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified in 873 participants (242 colorectal adenoma cases and 631 controls) in a colonoscopy-based cross-sectional study conducted between 1998 and 2002. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between known risk factors for colorectal neoplasia and circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and associations between inflammatory cytokines and colorectal adenomas. Several known risk factors for colorectal neoplasia were associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, including older age, current smoking, and increasing adiposity. The prevalence of colorectal adenomas was associated with higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α and, to a lesser degree, with CRP. For IL-6, adjusted odds ratios (OR) for colorectal adenomas were 1.79 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19–2.69] for the second highest plasma level and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.24–2.75) for the highest level compared with the reference level. A similar association was found with TNF-α, with adjusted ORs of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.03–2.36) and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.10–2.52), respectively. Our findings indicate that systemic inflammation might be involved in the early development of colorectal neoplasia. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):323–8]
The Lectin-like Domain of Thrombomodulin Confers Protection from Neutrophil-mediated Tissue Damage by Suppressing Adhesion Molecule Expression via Nuclear Factor κB and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathways
Authors: Edward M. Conway, Marlies Van de Wouwer, Saskia Pollefeyt, Kerstin Jurk, Hugo Van Aken, Astrid De Vriese, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Hartmut Weiler, Peter W. Hellings, Paul Schaeffer, Jean-Marc Herbert, Désiré Collen, Gregor Theilmeier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Thrombomodulin (TM) is a vascular endothelial cell (EC) receptor that is a cofactor for thrombin-mediated activation of the anticoagulant protein C. The extracellular NH(2)-terminal domain of TM has homology to C-type lectins that are involved in immune regulation. Using transgenic mice that lack this structure (TM(LeD/LeD)), we show that the lectin-like domain of TM interferes with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to ECs by intercellular adhesion molecule 1-dependent and -independent pathways through the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)(1/2) activation. TM(LeD/LeD) mice have reduced survival after endotoxin exposure, accumulate more PMNs in their lungs, and develop larger infarcts after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. The recombinant lectin-like domain of TM suppresses PMN adhesion to ECs, diminishes cytokine-induced increase in nuclear factor kappaB and activation of ERK(1/2), and rescues ECs from serum starvation, findings that may explain why plasma levels of soluble TM are inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease. These data suggest that TM has antiinflammatory properties in addition to its role in coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Ultrasound molecular imaging of angiogenesis induced by mutant forms of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
Authors: Jiajia Xie, Yulin Liao, Li Yang, Juefei Wu, Cheng Liu, Wanling Xuan, Mingyan Li, Lin Zhang, Yili Liu, Pingsheng Wu, Jianping Bin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Targeted point mutants of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are potential optimal agents for angiogenesis therapy. Data are limited regarding the angiogenic response of HIF-1α mutants. We aimed to compare the angiogenic effect of wild-type and mutant HIF-1α by contrast ultrasound molecular imaging (UMI) of αv-integrin expression. The wild-type gene of human HIF-1α, a gene with double mutations (HIF-1α564/803), a gene with triple mutations (HIF-1α564/803/402), or the LacZ gene (control) was transfected into the ischaemic hind limbs of C57BL/6 mice using an adenovirus vector. The video intensity of microbubbles targeted to αv-integrins in the ischaemic limbs increased along with the number of point mutations of HIF-1α. Immunohistochemical expression of endothelial αv-integrins was higher in the mutant HIF-1α564/803/402 group than the other groups as was the density of both capillaries and arterioles in ischaemic muscle. Expression of both the mRNA and protein for HIF-1α and VEGF was significantly higher in the mutant HIF-1α564/803/402 group than in the other groups. The half-life of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA was longer in HIF-1α mutant-transfected cells than in wild-type HIF-1α or LacZ-transfected cells. HIF-1α mutants were more effective for enhancing angiogenesis in ischaemic muscle tissue than wild-type HIF-1α, and the response could be qualitatively evaluated by UMI of αv-integrins expression.
Development of an Evaluation Scale for Self-Management Behavior Related to Physical Activity of Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yuri Nakawatase, Chiemi Taru, Akimitsu Tsutou, Hideyuki Shiotani, Yoshiaki Kido, Takeshi Ohara, Wataru Ogawa, Ikuko Miyawaki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of an evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of type 2 diabetic patients (ES-SMBPA-2D).Outpatients with type 2 diabetes (n = 146) completed a self-administered questionnaire supported by a semistructured interview based on a literature review. The content, factor, and concurrent validity and internal consistency and reproducibility of the scale were analyzed. Pearson's correlation coefficients for the ES-SMBPA-2D and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) subscale scores were calculated to evaluate the concurrent validity.The ES-SMBPA-2D was divided into two parts, the first dealing with self-management behavior to enhance physical activity in daily life and the second with behavior to maintain the level of physical activity. Factor analysis showed that the first part comprised four factors and the second five. The ES-SMBPA-2D correlated with the IPAQ subscales. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was between 0.56 and 0.90, and the intraclass test-retest correlation coefficient of the subscales was between 0.60 and 0.88.The ES-SMBPA-2D is reasonably reliable and valid and is expected to prove useful for the assessment of patients' self-management behavior and for individualized instruction.
Effect of specific exercise strategy on need for surgery in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: randomised controlled study
Authors: T. Holmgren, H. Bjornsson Hallgren, B. Oberg, L. Adolfsson, K. Johansson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To evaluate if a specific exercise strategy, targeting the rotator cuff and scapula stabilisers, improves shoulder function and pain more than unspecific exercises in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome, thereby decreasing the need for arthroscopic subacromial decompression.Randomised, participant and single assessor blinded, controlled study.Department of orthopaedics in a Swedish university hospital.102 patients with long standing (over six months) persistent subacromial impingement syndrome in whom earlier conservative treatment had failed, recruited through orthopaedic specialists.The specific exercise strategy consisted of strengthening eccentric exercises for the rotator cuff and concentric/eccentric exercises for the scapula stabilisers in combination with manual mobilisation. The control exercise programme consisted of unspecific movement exercises for the neck and shoulder. Patients in both groups received five to six individual guided treatment sessions during 12 weeks. In between these supervised sessions the participants performed home exercises once or twice a day for 12 weeks.The primary outcome was the Constant-Murley shoulder assessment score evaluating shoulder function and pain. Secondary outcomes were patients' global impression of change because of treatment and decision regarding surgery.Most (97, 95%) participants completed the 12 week study. There was a significantly greater improvement in the Constant-Murley score in the specific exercise group than in the control exercise group (24 points (95% confidence interval 19 to 28.0) v 9 points (5 to 13); mean difference between group: 15 points (8.5 to 20.6)). Significantly more patients in the specific exercise group reported successful outcome (defined as large improvement or recovered) in the patients' global assessment of change because of treatment: 69% (35/51) v 24% (11/46); odds ratio 7.6, 3.1 to 18.9; P<0.001. A significantly lower proportion of patients in the specific exercise group subsequently chose to undergo surgery: 20% (10/51) v 63% (29/46); odds ratio 7.7, 3.1 to 19.4; P<0.001).A specific exercise strategy, focusing on strengthening eccentric exercises for the rotator cuff and concentric/eccentric exercises for the scapula stabilisers, is effective in reducing pain and improving shoulder function in patients with persistent subacromial impingement syndrome. By extension, this exercise strategy reduces the need for arthroscopic subacromial decompression within the three month timeframe used in the study.Clinical trials NCT01037673.