tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CYTOTOXICITY OF SHORT-CHAIN ALCOHOLS
Authors: R. C. Baker, R. E. Kramer
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1999)

Ethanol and other short-chain alcohols elicit a number of cellular responses that are potentially cytotoxic and, to some extent, independent of cell type. Aberrations in phospholipid and fatty acid metabolism, changes in the cellular redox state, disruptions of the energy state, and increased production of reactive oxygen metabolites have been implicated in cellular damage resulting from acute or chronic exposure to short-chain alcohols. Resulting disruptions of intracellular signaling cascades through interference with the synthesis of phosphatidic acid, decreases in phosphorylation potential and lipid peroxidation are mechanisms by which solvent alcohols can affect the rate of cell proliferation and, consequently, cell number. Nonoxidative metabolism of short-chain alcohols, including phospholipase D-mediated synthesis of alcohol phospholipids, and the synthesis of fatty acid alcohol esters are additional mechanisms by which alcohols can affect membrane structure and compromise cell function.
Effect of green tea extract on cardiac hypertrophy following 5/6 nephrectomy in the rat
Authors: Snigdha Priyadarshi, Brandon Valentine, Chi Han, Olga V. Fedorova, Alexei Y. Bagrov, Jiang Liu, Sankaridrug M. Periyasamy, David Kennedy, Deepak Malhotra, Zijian Xie, Joseph I. Shapiro
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Wages are slashed and waiting lists grow as Catalonia's health cuts bite
Authors: A. Garcia Rada
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains the gold standard mode of investigation for diagnosing many primary and secondary cardiac conditions. Through a percutaneous and transvenous route, tissue fragments are generally procured from the right ventricular septum, with very few complications. Widespread use of EMB followed the development of heart transplantation as a means to follow allograft rejection. It has since been useful in helping to diagnose conditions affecting the heart, including cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, infiltrative lesions, arrhythmias, and drug toxicities. The procedure has also been used as a research tool to investigate the natural history of disease and the cardiotoxicity of new medications. This review presents an approach to the evaluation of the EMB, which is particularly directed towards those who may be asked to interpret such biopsies, but are not dedicated cardiovascular pathologists. Through a systematic evaluation of the endocardium, myocardium, interstitium, and intramural vessels, in the context of a complete clinical history, enough information can be deduced to diagnose or exclude specific conditions of clinical value.
Allometric scaling of peak power output accurately predicts time trial performance and maximal oxygen consumption in trained cyclists
Authors: Robert P Lamberts, Michael I Lambert, Jeroen Swart, Timothy D Noakes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if peak power output (PPO) adjusted for body mass 0.32 is able to accurately predict 40-km time trial (40-km TT) performance. Methods 45 trained male cyclists completed after familiarisation, a PPO test including respiratory gas analysis, and a 40-km TT. PPO, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) and 40-km TT time were measured. Relationships between 40-km TT performance and (I) absolute PPO (W) and VO 2max (l/min), (II) relative PPO (W/kg) and VO 2max (ml/min/kg) and (III) PPO and VO 2max adjusted for body mass (W/kg 0.32 and ml/min/kg 0.32 , respectively) were studied. Results The continuous ramp protocol resulted in a similar relationship between PPO and VO 2max (r=0.96, p&lt;0.0001) compared with a stepwise testing protocol but was associated with a lower standard error of the estimated when predicting VO 2max . PPO adjusted for body mass (W/kg 0.32 ) had the strongest relationship with 40-km TT performance (s) (r=−0.96, p&lt;0.0001). Although significant relationships were also found between absolute (W) and/or relative PPO (W/kg) and 40-km TT performance (s), these relationships were significantly weaker than the relationship between 40-km TT performance and PPO adjusted for body mass (W/kg 0.32 ) (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions VO 2max can be accurately predicted from PPO when using a continuous ramp protocol, possibly even more accurately than when using a stepwise testing protocol. 40-km TT performance (s) in trained cyclists can be predicted most accurately by PPO adjusted for body mass (W/kg 0.32 ). As both VO 2max and 40-km TT performance can be accurately predicted from a PPO test, this suggests that (well)-trained cyclists can possibly be monitored more frequently and with fewer tests.
Dieulafoy's disease of the bronchus.
Authors: M Sweerts, A G Nicholson, P Goldstraw, B Corrin
Journal: Thorax (1995)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In recent years, there has been increasing interest in emotional labour because of the shift of the economy from the manufacturing to the service sector. This work involves a great deal of so-called ‘emotional labour’. Sleep disturbance represents an enormous impact on the wellbeing of individuals and society as a whole. This study aimed to investigate the effect of facing complaining customer and suppressed emotion at worksite on sleep disturbance among working population. <h3>Methods</h3> We assumed that (1) engaging complaining customers and (2) suppressing emotions at a worksite would be crucial factors in potential excessive emotional demand in service workers. This study set out to assess the association between sleep disturbance and emotional demands, including the influence of 1) and 2) above in a population-based study from a nationally representative sample of Korean workers, the Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS) which has comprehensive questionnaires regarding the occupational information for almost fifty thousand workers in Korea. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS 9.2 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.). <h3>Results</h3> Among workers in working environments where they always engage complaining customers had a significantly higher risk for sleep disturbance than rarely group (The OR [95% CI]; 5.46 [3.43–8.68] in male, 5.59 [3.30–9.46] in female workers). The OR (95% CI) for sleep disturbance was 1.78 (1.16–2.73) and 1.63 (1.02–2.63), for the male and female groups always suppressing their emotions at the workplace compared with those rarely group. Compared to those who both rarely engaged complaining customers and rarely suppressed their emotions at work, the OR (CI) for sleep disturbance was 9.66 (4.34–20.80) and 10.17 (4.46–22.07), for men and women always exposed to both factors. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The level of emotional demand, including engaging complaining customers and suppressing emotions at the workplace is significantly associated with sleep disturbance among Korean working population.
Cost-Benefit Study of School Nursing Services
Authors: Li Yan Wang, Mary Vernon-Smiley, Mary Ann Gapinski, Marie Desisto, Erin Maughan, Anne Sheetz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

In recent years, across the United States, many school districts have cut on-site delivery of health services by eliminating or reducing services provided by qualified school nurses. Providing cost-benefit information will help policy makers and decision makers better understand the value of school nursing services.To conduct a case study of the Massachusetts Essential School Health Services (ESHS) program to demonstrate the cost-benefit of school health services delivered by full-time registered nurses.Standard cost-benefit analysis methods were used to estimate the costs and benefits of the ESHS program compared with a scenario involving no school nursing service. Data from the ESHS program report and other published studies were used. A total of 477 163 students in 933 Massachusetts ESHS schools in 78 school districts received school health services during the 2009-2010 school year.School health services provided by full-time registered nurses.Costs of nurse staffing and medical supplies incurred by 78 ESHS districts during the 2009-2010 school year were measured as program costs. Program benefits were measured as savings in medical procedure costs, teachers' productivity loss costs associated with addressing student health issues, and parents' productivity loss costs associated with student early dismissal and medication administration. Net benefits and benefit-cost ratio were calculated. All costs and benefits were in 2009 US dollars.During the 2009-2010 school year, at a cost of $79.0 million, the ESHS program prevented an estimated $20.0 million in medical care costs, $28.1 million in parents' productivity loss, and $129.1 million in teachers' productivity loss. As a result, the program generated a net benefit of $98.2 million to society. For every dollar invested in the program, society would gain $2.20. Eighty-nine percent of simulation trials resulted in a net benefit.The results of this study demonstrated that school nursing services provided in the Massachusetts ESHS schools were a cost-beneficial investment of public money, warranting careful consideration by policy makers and decision makers when resource allocation decisions are made about school nursing positions.
The Role of the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis Depends on Microsatellite Instability Screening Status
Authors: Anna M. Dahlin, Richard Palmqvist, Maria L. Henriksson, Maria Jacobsson, Vincy Eklöf, Jörgen Rutegård, Åke Öberg, Bethany R. Van Guelpen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to relate the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP; characterized by extensive promoter hypermethylation) to cancer-specific survival in colorectal cancer, taking into consideration relevant clinicopathologic factors, such as microsatellite instability (MSI) screening status and the BRAF V600E mutation. Experimental Design: Archival tumor samples from 190 patients from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) and 414 patients from the Colorectal Cancer in Umeå Study (CRUMS), including 574 with cancer-specific survival data, were analyzed for an eight-gene CIMP panel using quantitative real-time PCR (MethyLight). MSI screening status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: CIMP-low patients had a shorter cancer-specific survival compared with CIMP-negative patients (multivariate hazard ratio in NSHDS, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.37; multivariate hazard ratio in CRUMS, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.22). This result was similar in subgroups based on MSI screening status and was statistically significant in microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors in NSHDS. For CIMP-high patients, a shorter cancer-specific survival compared with CIMP-negative patients was observed in the MSS subgroup. Statistical significance was lost after adjusting for the BRAF mutation, but the main findings were generally unaffected. Conclusions: In this study, we found a poor prognosis in CIMP-low patients regardless of MSI screening status, and in CIMP-high patients with MSS. Although not consistently statistically significant, these results were consistent in two separate patient groups and emphasize the potential importance of CIMP and MSI status in colorectal cancer research. Clin Cancer Res; 16(6); 1845–55
A Blood-Based Test for <i>Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor</i> Mutations in Lung Cancer
Authors: Daphne W. Bell, Daniel A. Haber
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Kimura et al. ([1][1]) report on a blood-based assay to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The development of effective molecular therapeutic targeting strategies in
Complement receptor expression on neutrophils at an inflammatory site, the Pseudomonas-infected lung in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: M Berger, R U Sorensen, M F Tosi, D G Dearborn, G Döring
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Activation of human neutrophils (PMN) is accompanied by rapid upregulation of CR1, the C3b receptor, and CR3, the iC3b receptor, which also serves as the PMN's major adherence protein. This is necessary for migration and phagocytosis, but the extent of expression of these proteins on PMN at inflammatory sites has not been determined. We used monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to assess CR1 and CR3 expression on PMN in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with pseudomonas and in sterile joint fluid of arthritis patients. Resting peripheral blood PMN from these patients and normals expressed similar low levels of CR1 and CR3, and the patients' PMN increased CR1 and CR3 expression normally when stimulated in vitro. CR3 expression on CF BAL PMN was 90 +/- 12% of that on the same patient's blood cells stimulated in vitro with FMLP. In contrast, CR1 expression on BAL PMN was only 27 +/- 8% of that on stimulated blood cells. Similar results were obtained for joint PMN. This pattern could be reproduced in vitro by treating FMLP-stimulated blood cells with BAL supernatants or with pseudomonas or PMN elastase. The serine protease inhibitors, PMSF and alpha 1-antitrypsin prevented the lavage supernatant from reducing CR1 expression, while metalloprotease inhibitors had no effect. Treatment of PMN with elastase in vitro decrease their ability to kill opsonized Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that PMN at inflammatory sites have maximally upregulated expression of their complement receptors, but that CR1 is then cleaved by proteolysis in situ. Although not related to the basic defect in CF, this may interfere with efficient phagocytosis and contribute to the CF patient's inability to eradicate chronic lung infection.
A physical map of the bovine genome
Authors: Warren M Snelling, Readman Chiu, Jacqueline E Schein, Matthew Hobbs, Colette A Abbey, David L Adelson, Jan Aerts, Gary L Bennett, Ian E Bosdet, Mekki Boussaha, Rudiger Brauning, Alexandre R Caetano, Marcos M Costa, Allan M Crawford, Brian P Dalrymple, André Eggen, Annelie Everts-van der Wind, Sandrine Floriot, Mathieu Gautier, Clare A Gill, Ronnie D Green, Robert Holt, Oliver Jann, Steven JM Jones, Steven M Kappes, John W Keele, Pieter J de Jong, Denis M Larkin, Harris A Lewin, John C McEwan, Stephanie McKay, Marco A Marra, Carrie A Mathewson, Lakshmi K Matukumalli, Stephen S Moore, Brenda Murdoch, Frank W Nicholas, Kazutoyo Osoegawa, Alice Roy, Hanni Salih, Laurent Schibler, Robert D Schnabel, Licia Silveri, Loren C Skow, Timothy PL Smith, Tad S Sonstegard, Jeremy F Taylor, Ross Tellam, Curtis P Van Tassell, John L Williams, James E Womack, Natasja H Wye, George Yang, Shaying Zhao
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Cattle are important agriculturally and relevant as a model organism. Previously described genetic and radiation hybrid (RH) maps of the bovine genome have been used to identify genomic regions and genes affecting specific traits. Application of these maps to identify influential genetic polymorphisms will be enhanced by integration with each other and with bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries. The BAC libraries and clone maps are essential for the hybrid clone-by-clone/whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach taken by the bovine genome sequencing project. A bovine BAC map was constructed with HindIII restriction digest fragments of 290,797 BAC clones from animals of three different breeds. Comparative mapping of 422,522 BAC end sequences assisted with BAC map ordering and assembly. Genotypes and pedigree from two genetic maps and marker scores from three whole-genome RH panels were consolidated on a 17,254-marker composite map. Sequence similarity allowed integrating the BAC and composite maps with the bovine draft assembly (Btau3.1), establishing a comprehensive resource describing the bovine genome. Agreement between the marker and BAC maps and the draft assembly is high, although discrepancies exist. The composite and BAC maps are more similar than either is to the draft assembly. Further refinement of the maps and greater integration into the genome assembly process may contribute to a high quality assembly. The maps provide resources to associate phenotypic variation with underlying genomic variation, and are crucial resources for understanding the biology underpinning this important ruminant species so closely associated with humans.
High Adenosine and Deoxyadenosine Concentrations in Mononuclear Cells of Hemodialyzed Patients
Authors: JEROME SAMPOL, BERTRAND DUSSOL, EMMANUEL FENOUILLET, CHRISTIAN CAPO, JEAN-LOUIS MEGE, GILLES HALIMI, GUY BECHIS, PHILIPPE BRUNET, HERVE ROCHAT, YVON BERLAND, REGIS GUIEU
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Infections are one of the most important complications of hemodialysis (HD). The high concentrations of adenosine (Ado) and of its metabolites during HD may contribute to the dialysis-induced immune deficiency through their known ability to alter lymphocyte function. The influence of HD on Ado metabolism was assessed in mononuclear cells through the measurement of ( 1 ) the concentrations of nucleosides in mononuclear cells and ( 2 ) the activities of mononuclear cell Ado deaminase (MCADA) and Ado kinase, two enzymes involved in Ado concentration regulation. Nine end-stage renal failure hemodialyzed patients (five men and four women; mean age, 69 ± 10 yr) and eight healthy volunteers (four men and four women; mean age, 53 ± 19 yr) were included in the study. Before HD, Ado, deoxyadenosine, and inosine concentrations were respectively 2.9-, 2.5-, and 2.5-fold higher in mononuclear cells of patients than in healthy volunteers. During HD, Ado concentration decreased by 34%, whereas inosine concentration increased by 27%. Before HD, MCADA activity level was 2.1-fold lower in patients than in control subjects. After HD, MCADA activity increased by nearly 50% but remained lower than in control subjects. Ado kinase activity level of patients did not differ from that of control subjects and was unchanged by HD. The influence of Ado on in vitro mononuclear cell proliferation and interferon-γ production also was evaluated. Ado inhibited cell proliferation and interferon-γ production in a dose-dependent manner, and these inhibitions were stronger for patients than for healthy volunteers. The high concentrations of Ado and deoxyadenosine in mononuclear cells and the low MCADA activity level likely are involved in the immune defect of patients who are undergoing HD.
WWOX Expression in Different Histologic Types and Subtypes of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Valentina Donati, Gabriella Fontanini, Matteo Dell'Omodarme, Maria Cristina Prati, Simona Nuti, Marco Lucchi, Alfredo Mussi, Muller Fabbri, Fulvio Basolo, Carlo Maria Croce, Rami Ishaq Aqeilan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has heterogeneous histopathologic classification and clinical behavior and very low survival rate. WWOX (WW domain-containing oxidoreductase) is a tumor suppressor gene, and its expression is altered in several cancers. The purpose of this study is to better define the role of WWOX in NSCLC tumorigenesis and progression by determining its pathogenetic and prognostic significance. Experimental Design: WWOX protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 170 patients with NSCLC (101 squamous cell carcinomas, 66 adenocarcinomas, 3 large cell carcinomas) and was correlated with histopathologic (histotype, subtype, grade, tumor-node-metastasis, stage, index of cell proliferation Ki67/MIB1) and clinical (age, gender, local recurrences, distant metastases, overall survival, and disease-free survival) characteristics. Results: WWOX expression was absent/reduced in 84.9% of NSCLCs, whereas it was normal in 80.5% of adjacent normal lung tissues. WWOX expression was strongly associated with tumor histology (P = 1.1 × 10−5) and histologic grade (P = 0.0081): the percentage of cases with absent/strongly reduced WWOX expression was higher in squamous cell carcinomas and in poorly differentiated tumors. Regarding adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar pattern showed normal WWOX expression in 62.5% of the cases, whereas in solid and acinar patterns, a prevalence of cases with absent/very low WWOX expression was observed (79.2% and 50%, respectively). Finally, weak WWOX staining intensity was related to the high index of cell proliferation (P = 0.0012). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the loss of WWOX expression plays different roles in tumorigenesis of distinct histotypes and subtypes of NSCLC and is related to high aggressiveness (G3; high proliferating activity) of tumors.
Effects of left- or right-hand preference on the success of boxers in Turkey
Authors: R Gursoy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of left- or right-handedness on the success of the boxer.The study was based on a sample of 22 active, semi-professional or amateur men boxers attending National Road Sport Men Boxing Club in Erzurum, Turkey. The boxers had been actively boxing for 4-15 years (mean 9.87), were aged 17-46 years (mean 32.25), and weighed 65-101 kg (mean 81.06). They were divided into two groups according to the research protocol (left- and right-handed boxers). The status of left- or right-handedness of the boxer included in the research was determined using the Oldfield (Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) Index. Then the boxers were categorised into two groups (win and defeat). Success rates in both groups were expressed in percentages. The data obtained from both of the groups were compared statistically by means of significance test between proportions (t test).Left-handed boxers had been involved in 75-800 fights (mean 120.6), with 5-79 lost (mean 19.32). A similar evaluation was made for the right-handed boxers. The right-handed boxers had been involved in 50-820 fights (mean 127. 8), with 23-78 lost (mean 42.25). Left-handed boxers were found to be more successful than right-handed ones. The difference between them was found to be significant (p<0.01).It was concluded that left-handed people should never be forced to convert to right-handedness; instead they should be supported both verbally and in terms of equipment and they should be motivated, because the data obtained proved that left-handedness means success, especially in boxing.
Impaired transit and tolerance of intestinal gas in the irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: J Serra
Journal: Gut (2001)

Abstract <i>Background</i>—Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently complain of excessive gas but their fasting volume of intestinal gas is apparently normal. We hypothesised that the pathophysiological mechanism involved may be impairment of intestinal gas transit. <i>Aim</i>—To investigate intestinal gas transit and tolerance in IBS patients compared with healthy subjects. <i>Methods</i>—A gas mixture (N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub> in venous proportions) was infused into the jejunum of 20 patients with IBS and 20 healthy controls at 12 ml/min for four hours. Gas evacuation, initially flatus from the anus (two hours) and then intrarectally (two hours), was continuously recorded. Symptom perception (0–6 scale) and abdominal distension were measured at 10 minute intervals. <i>Results</i>—After two hours of external gas (flatus) collection, 18 of 20 IBS patients had developed gas retention (&gt;400 ml), increased gastrointestinal symptoms (score &gt;3), or abdominal distension (&gt;3 mm girth increment) compared with only four of 20 control subjects. During intrarectal gas collection, 13 of 17 patients still exhibited abnormal responses. <i>Conclusion</i>—A large proportion of patients with IBS can be shown to have impaired transit and tolerance of intestinal gas loads. This anomaly may represent a possible mechanism of IBS symptoms, specifically pain and bloating.