tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatic Children
Authors: MASSIMO SCOLLO, STEFANIA ZANCONATO, RICCARDO ONGARO, CRISTINA ZARAMELLA, FRANCO ZACCHELLO, EUGENIO BARALDI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

It is known that exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) is increased in asthmatic individuals, probably as an expression of airway inflammation, but no studies have been reported of ENO and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). We assessed the effect of a treadmill exercise challenge on ENO concentration in 24 asthmatic children aged 11.2 +/- 0.4 yr (mean +/- SEM). According to the presence or absence of EIB, the children were divided into an EIB group (n = 10) and a non-EIB group (n = 14). ENO was measured with a single-breath reservoir technique. FEV(1), ENO, and heart rate were measured at baseline and 1, 6, 12, and 18 min after the end of exercise. We also measured ENO in 18 healthy control children aged 10.8 +/- 0.6 yr, of whom nine underwent an exercise challenge identical to that of the asthmatic children. After the exercise test, the mean decrease in FEV(1) was 34% in the EIB group and 5% in the non-EIB group. The EIB group had higher baseline ENO values (12.3 +/- 1.6 ppb) than the healthy children (6.1 +/- 0.2 ppb) (p < 0.01). The time course of ENO was similar in the EIB, non-EIB, and control groups, with no significant changes after exercise (p = NS). In the overall group of asthmatic children there was a significant correlation (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) between baseline (preexercise) ENO and magnitude of the maximal decrease in FEV(1) after exercise. In conclusion, our study shows that ENO levels do not change during acute airway obstruction induced by exercise challenge in asthmatic children. In addition, baseline ENO values correlate with the magnitude of postexercise bronchoconstriction, suggesting that NO may be a predictor of airway hyperresponsiveness to exercise.
JMRI: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Gale G. Hannigan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>JMRI</i>, the official journal of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SMRI), is produced with the assistance of the Radiological Society of North America, the largest professional organization of radiologists devoted primarily to educational endeavors. The journal describes its focus as "the appropriate use of MR in newly emerging diagnostic applications...<i>JMRI</i>is intended to provide equal opportunities for physicians, basic scientists, engineers, and imaging technologists to develop the full diagnostic potential of MR."<sup>1</sup>The editorial board includes basic scientists and clinicians active in magnetic resonance imaging since its inception in the mid-1970s. Most represent US institutions, with fewer members from Canada, Europe, and Japan. The society selects all materials for publication, including advertisements. Detailed instructions to authors are clear and include a checklist of requirements. Pagination is confusing because not only are there two sets of page numbers (one for original articles and one for advertising and fixed
Treatment of Volvulus of Sigmoid Colon: a Review of 425 Cases
Authors: J. J. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Children in Hospital-Brain and MaclayThe mothers were quite unselected, and one of the nursing sisters felt that it would be a good idea to screen mothers before admission and omit the likely trouble-makers.In practice it would be difficult to do this without considerable knowledge of the mother and child; furthermore, 22 out of the 27 mothers in the experimental group who were thought to be emotionally disturbed when the first home visit was made stayed in hospital with their children and caused no trouble whatsoever. SummaryIn this clinical trial 197 children were admitted to hospital for three days and underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoid- ectomy.An experimental group of 101 were admitted with their mothers and there was a control group of 96 unaccom- panied children.The incidence of emotional and infective complications was significantly lower in the experimental group.
Infected Hands Treated with Systemic Penicillin
Authors: G. A. Barclay
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICAL JOUJRNALadults.The foregoing observations are comparable to those reported by Williams (1946) in a group of the same number and of simil?sr occupation.Of the group of 50 persons, 6 (12%) were carriers some- where on their persons of strains of Staph.pyogentes resis- tant to penicillin.This comprises nearly one in five, or 19.4%, of the 31 persons who were carriers.These figures are disturbingly high, although not perhaps unexpected in view of the apparently increasing incidence of penicillin-resistant strains in human infections.We are, however, not in a position to assess whether there has been an increase in the carrier rate of resistant strains compar- able to that found in the incidence of strains isolated from infections, for we have not been able to discover any pub- lished work in this connexion.Moss et al. (1948), who were endeavouring during 1946 to abolish nasal carriage of Staph.pyogenes by the intranasal administration of peni- cillin to 21 patients who were persistent nasal carriers, encountered one case which yielded a penicillin-resistant strain and one case which yielded a partially resistant strain during the course of treatment.Neither of these strains, however, was able to produce penicillinase.We are able to confirm the findings of others (Kirby, 1944; Bondi and Dietz, 1945; Gots, 1945; Barber, 1947a Barber, , 1947b) ) that these naturally occurring resistant strains are able to inactivate penicillin. SummarySwabs from the nose, throat, saliva, and six skin sites of 50 healthy men showed a carrier rate of 62 % for coagulasepositive staphylococci.Examination of the 83 coagulase-positive strains isolated showed that 15 (18%) penicillin-resistant strains were being carried by six persons (12%).Among the 31 carriers of coagulase-positive staphylococci the carrier rate for resistant strains was thus 19.4%,'0.The resistant strains were all able to inactivate penicillin.The significance of the findings is discussed.Our thanks are due to Professor R. Hare for his valuable advice and criticism,
The recovery of function and microcirculation in small intestinal loops following ischaemia
Authors: J. W. L. Robinson, V. Mirkovitch
Journal: Gut (1972)

Short loops of dog small intestine, filled with a buffered glucose solution, were subjected to one hour9s total ischaemia by clamping the corresponding mesenteric artery and vein as well as the intestinal wall at each end of the loop. Immediately after the ischaemic period and 24 hours later, their functional capacity, together with that of neighbouring control loops, was determined by studying the absorption of phenylalanine and β-methyl-glucoside <i>in vitro</i> and by measuring the levels of Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in the mucosa. The release of lysosomal enzymes after the ischaemia was studied by gauging the levels of acid phosphatase in the venous blood draining the ischaemic loop. The state of the mucosal microcirculation was investigated by injection of indian ink into the mesenteric artery removal of the loop. Immediately after ischaemia, considerable structural damage was observed in the intestinal mucosa, with desquamation of the villous tips, oedema, vascular stasis, and haemorrhagic infiltration in the lamina propria. No dye was observed in the mucosal capillaries. All transport capacity was abolished, but ATPase levels were unchanged. A significant release of lysosomal enzymes into the venous blood was noted. One day later structural and functional recovery was complete, and vascularization of the villous core was restored.
Increased vascular heme oxygenase-1 expression contributes to arterial vasodilation in experimental cirrhosis in rats
Authors: Yung-Chang Chen, Pere Ginès, Jianhui Yang, Sandra N. Summer, Sandor Falk, Nash S. Russell, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Vascular heme oxygenase (HO) regulates vascular tone in normal conditions and in some pathologic circumstances (e.g., sepsis). However, its possible role in the pathogenesis of arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis is unknown. To address this question, the expression and activity of HO in arterial vessels was studied in rats at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham operation. A progressively increased expression of HO-1 was found in aorta and mesenteric arteries of BDL rats in a close chronologic relationship with the progression from acute cholestatic liver injury (1 week) to the fully developed cirrhosis with intense systemic arterial vasodilation (4 weeks). No changes were found in the expression of the constitutive isoform HO-2. HO-1 was mainly located in vascular smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall. Aortic HO activity increased in parallel with the expression of HO-1 (up to 600% in rats with cirrhosis compared with sham rats) and correlated with hemodynamic parameters. Increased expression of HO-1 and HO activity were also found in other organs, such as liver and spleen, though to a lesser extent compared with vascular tissue. The acute administration of an inhibitor of HO to cirrhotic rats, at a dose that normalized aortic HO activity, was associated with significantly greater effects on arterial pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance, and cardiac index, compared with effects in sham rats. In conclusion, these findings are consistent with a role for HO in the pathogenesis of arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis.
The Savill Memorial Oration on LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: J. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1930)

I IIVE chosen the subject of localization of function iii the nervous system becausl' I have thought for somiie years that the informationi obtainiable by our students from the current textbooks of medicine and of nieurology is -ery muclh behind the times, wihen compar-ed with the results of modern biological and physiologicail researcl, a'nd that this informationi does niot conivey a satisfactory working hypothesis to the medical man.The subject is, moreover, very much in the air at this moment, for in the few m1,oniths since I accepted this oration and decided ulpoln this subject two exhaustive reviews have appeared, the one in America I)Y Marion Hines, and the orther in Franiice by R. Brugila, uinder a preface by Pierre IMarie.In comparisoln with these detailed and lengtlhy works, anything that I can put before you in the short space of ani hour imust be but a hlrief ouitline of present opinion, support1ed and ineolified perhap,s a little by miiy pe-.sonal clinical observations.There was aniother execelenit review upon " cortical localizatioll " 3 thirteen years ago, fronm the physiological anid experimental aslpects, by the distinguished physiologist ProfessorCGrahla Brown.I may well introduce nmy subject by putting before you a quotationi from the coaclusiomis from ea;ch of these r-eviews, beginning witli that of Professor Grahamii Br own, who wrote: "The experimental evidence gives no grouinds for the siipposition of the localization of the function of voluntary movement in the 'motor area ' as distinguished from any otllei part of the cortex."Graham Brown sought to fin1d pProof that the " motor area " was more than a mere spot upon the oUtgoing path for voluntary movement, and bY his expcrimen1ts shlowing primary facilitation," in which careful unipolar stiniula- tion of a cortical point i-n the " motor area " raised the excitability of that cortical point, and those shiowing " secondary facilitation," in whlich sinimlar stimul1ation of the same area caused the neighbouring region of the in- excitable post-central cortex to becomIe excitable, he claimed to advance a proof that the " motor area " was something a little more than a mere receiver and transmitter upon the chief outgoing path for voluntarv movements, and that clhange and modification can take place at this station.
The Place of Methyldopa in the Treatment of Severe Hypertension
Authors: James Conway, Andrew J. Zweifler, Stevo Julius
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE MOST POTENT antihypertensive agents presently available are those which interfere with function of the sympathetic nervous system. Methyldopa (the levo isomer of alphamethyldopa), which is an effective decarboxylase inhibitor, diminishes the formation of catecholamines by inhibiting the conversion of dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) to dopamine.<sup>1</sup>Although it is not known whether the fall in blood pressure produced by this drug depends upon interference with sympathetic function, its antihypertensive effects are similar to those of other autonomic blocking agents.<sup>2,3</sup>It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertension and reasonably free from side effects, and others have emphasized that it has a favorable effect on the recumbent blood pressure.<sup>4-7</sup> Since effective drugs of this type are presently available, the place of methyldopa in the treatment of hypertension will be determined by its ability to overcome the deficiencies in the other autonomic blocking agents, notably guanethidine sulfate.
TOLERANCE TO DIGITALIS IN EXPERIMENTAL DIPHTHERIA
Authors: HARRY GOLD
Journal: JAMA (1926)

McCullough,<sup>1</sup>in 1921, observed that the disorders of cardiac rhythm arising in patients with diphtheria were similar to those produced by large doses of digitalis. He deduced, therefore, that digitalis might simply exaggerate disturbances already caused by the diphtheria toxin. In the following year, Bie and Schwensen<sup>2</sup>reported the recovery of one of two patients receiving full doses of digitalis. These patients had a form of heart disease from diphtheria that had been uniformly fatal in ten previous cases reported by one of the authors. Obviously, the view as to the danger of digitalis in diphtheria required some modification. It was considered that the results of animal experiments might serve as a guide. Bush<sup>3</sup>had performed some experiments on dogs and frogs, from which he deduced that "the heart is definitely rendered more susceptible to ouabain by the diphtheria toxin." The tables in his paper do not
<i>Diabetes Care</i>: “State of the Union”
Authors: William T. Cefalu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

With this issue, I have completed my first full year as Editor in Chief for Diabetes Care . I have attempted with each editorial to give a different perspective on the issues to date and really try to inform, educate, and, if nothing else, simply provide acknowledgment that I do appreciate and understand the issues of interest to our readership, authors, and reviewers. So, what does one do to celebrate 1 year at the helm? My first thought was to take on the mindset of a CEO of a large corporation and, as required of the position, provide an update to the stockholders through an annual report. In that way, I could provide the required information about our activities, performance, and projected direction. Clearly, Diabetes Care , as the main clinical journal of the American Diabetes Association (ADA)—an organization whose reach and influence could be argued to rival a major corporation—would clearly qualify for such an approach. Alternatively, I could use the practice that arose from a command given to the president as outlined in the Constitution of the United States that the president “…shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient…” (1) . In thinking about it, I believe the latter approach has promise. Specifically, we know in these addresses that the president always opens with a statement on the strength or weakness of the nation and says something to the effect of “My fellow citizens, the state of our union is strong.” After considering these words, I felt a State of the Union approach was very appropriate for Diabetes Care . So, let’s get started.

Ladies and gentlemen, the state of Diabetes Care is strong!! …
The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype versus the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation clinical criteria to identify high-risk men with an altered cardiometabolic risk profile
Authors: Patricia Blackburn, Isabelle Lemieux, Natalie Alméras, Jean Bergeron, Mélanie Côté, Angelo Tremblay, Benoît Lamarche, Jean-Pierre Després
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Vitamin E inhibits lipid peroxidation-induced adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells and decreases soluble cell adhesion molecules in healthy subjects
Authors: B VANDAM, V VANHINSBERGH, C STEHOUWER, A VERSTEILEN, H DEKKER, R BUYTENHEK, H PRINCEN, C SCHALKWIJK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

In a combination of in vivo and in vitro studies, we investigated mechanisms via which alpha-tocopherol, a lipid soluble form of vitamin E, can directly affect endothelial activation as induced by H(2)O(2) and TNFalpha.We measured effects of alpha-tocopherol on H(2)O(2)-induced lipid peroxidation as determined with a fluorescent C-11 BODIPY(581/591) probe and on adhesion molecule expression in cultured endothelial cells. In 20 healthy volunteers treated with increasing doses of alpha-tocopherol up to 800 IU/ml for 12 weeks, plasma levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) and C-reactive protein were measured.We showed that alpha-tocopherol protects cultured endothelial cells against H(2)O(2)-induced lipid peroxidation, while TNFalpha did not induce lipid peroxidation. Moreover, alpha-tocopherol attenuated H(2)O(2)-, but not TNFalpha-induced increases in adhesion molecule expression. In healthy persons, alpha-tocopherol decreased plasma levels of sE-selectin from 65+/-6 to 60+/-6 ng/ml (P=0.002), sVCAM from 893+/-31 to 853+/-23 ng/ml (P=0.022), and sICAM from 483+/-21 to 463+/-16 ng/ml (P=0.048). C-Reactive protein, as a sensitive marker of low grade inflammation, was not significantly affected.alpha-Tocopherol specifically inhibits lipid peroxidation-induced endothelial activation in vitro. The observed vitamin E-induced decrease in sCAMs in control subjects suggests that lipid peroxidation can take place in healthy individuals. Although vitamin E supplementation may be especially effective in specific groups of patients exposed to increased oxidative stress, our study suggests that vitamin E supplementation can be of benefit in healthy individuals as well.
Strategies for Reforming Medicare's Physician Payments
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks, Allen Dobson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

On July 1, 1985, the Secretary of Health and Human Services must submit to Congress a report on "the advisability and feasibility of providing for determining the amount of payments for physicians' services to hospital inpatients based on the DRG [diagnosis-related groups] type classification of the discharges of those inpatients."1 Responsibility for drafting this report has been assigned to the associate administrator for policy and the Office of Research of the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). Our work on this report has made it clear that the concept of physician DRGs (MDDRGs) is best evaluated in comparison with other possible . . .
FREE FATTY ACID MOBILIZATION BY NEUROADRENERGIC STIMULATION IN MAN*
Authors: James T. Hamlin, Roger B. Hickler, Robert G. Hoskins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

A role of the sympathetic nervous system in the metabolism of adipose tissue has been suggested by clinical observations and by animal denervation experiments (1). The recent observations of the mobilization of free fatty acids' (FFA) by norepinephrine (NE) in vitro (2) and in vivo (3, 4) add presumptive evidence for a function of the sympathetic nervous system in the transport of fatty acids. To elucidate further the role of the sympathetic nervous system in fatty acid transport, the effect of a standard physiological stress on plasma FFA concentration was studied. Previous work has shown that the normal individual defends against the orthostatic stress of a 60° upright tilt by an increase in diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate. This response is probably mediated by the autonomic nervous system through baroceptor reflexes and is accompanied by a rise in plasma NE concentration (5). These responses reflect an increase in neuroadrenergic activity; and, as a corollary, are absent in individuals after sympathectomy and in patients with primary autonomic insufficiency. It is the purpose of this report to present the effects of neuroadrenergic stimulation produced by orthostatic stress on plasmaFFA concentration.
Challenging the Cholinergic Hypothesis in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Peter Davies
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HEAD-TO-HEAD COMPARISON OF CALCIFICATION PATTERNS ON MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY TO VULNERABLE PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS ON VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Authors: Joella E. van Velzen, Joanne D. Schuijf, Fleur R. de Graaf, Michiel A. de Graaf, Caroline E. Veltman, Martin J. Schalij, Lucia J. Kroft, Albert de Roos, Johannes HC Reiber, J. Wouter Jukema, Ernst E. van der Wall, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Specialist training in rheumatology--the need for a curriculum and assessment.
Authors: M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Specialist training in rheumatology-the need for a curriculum and assessmentIn the last two years a quiet revolution has occurred in UK Medical Schools.' Medical education is being taken seriously and the mood in the Schools is one of excitement and optimism.Changes that are being implemented relate both to the curriculum content and to the methods of teaching and assessment (table).This successful change in attitude and practice largely results from the General Medical Council (GMC) Education Committee's strategy of inviting all Medical Schools to respond to their 1991 discussion document.2The large body of research relating to teaching methodology, student dissatisfaction and junior doctor requirements meant that the subsequent debate on undergraduate teaching could be focussed around data as well as philosophy.Furthermore, the widespread involvement of all interested parties meant that a true concensus could slowly emerge.Medical education, however, is a continuing process.So having started successfully to tackle the undergraduate programme, where are we now with specialist training?Current activity A large number of committees have specialist training and accreditation on their agenda.Issues for rheumatology are being considered within the broader contexts of general professional training (GPT) and the accepted need for more comparable standards of specialist expertise within Europe.