tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis, stressful life events and coping skills
Authors: P.V. Harrison, L. Moore-Fitgerald
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Psoriasis, stressful life events and coping skills Get access P.V. Harrison, P.V. Harrison Department of Dermatology, Queen Victoria Hospital, Thornton Road, Morecambe LA4 5NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Moore‐Fitgerald L. Moore‐Fitgerald Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 6, 1 June 1994, Page 798, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03425.x Published: 01 June 1994
Evidence for effects of chronic lead exposure on blood pressure in experimental animals: an overview.
Authors: W Victery
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Information obtained in a number of experimental studies conducted over the last 40 years on the effects of lead on blood pressure is reviewed. Differences in animal species, age at beginning of exposure, level of lead exposure, indices of lead burden, and blood pressure effects of each study are reported. In several of the high-dose experiments, hypertension was observed, but nephrotoxicity of lead may have contributed to its development. Moreover, in other high-dose experiments, no hypertension was observed, and in at least one experiment, the evidence suggested that lead could reduce an elevated blood pressure. In contrast, the lower dose experiments consistently demonstrated a hypertensive effect. Overall, the data suggest a biphasic dose response. Establishment of an appropriate animal model to study blood pressure effects of lead will require careful assessment of dietary interactions with lead, unstressed blood pressure monitoring with standardized techniques, and documentation of biologically effective lead burden. Future research should examine lead exposure at more environmentally appropriate levels in order to determine the validity of associating this pollutant with blood pressure effects in the human population.
ELASTIC RESTRAINT FOR FIBRINOUS PLEURISY
Authors: Louis Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In fibrinous pleurisy, it is frequently advisable to strap the chest. A cloth from 4 to 6 inches wide drawn snugly around the lower part of the chest, and adhesive plaster strips are advocated by different men. I have just passed through eight weeks of fibrinous pleurisy which involved the diaphragm of both sides. The long illness enabled me to form some conclusions as to the method and value of strapping. I used a 4 inch strip of cloth snugly encircling the chest at the level of the lower end of the sternum. This gave me great comfort after I became used to it. I tried a leather strap around the chest below the lower end of the sternum. This was fairly comfortable when I was sitting up, but intolerable when I was lying down. This applies, also to adhesive straps which, in order to be efficient, must cross the
The Pediatric Arrest
Authors: Andrea A. Peterson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

On Being a Doctor4 April 2006The Pediatric ArrestAndrea A. Peterson, MDAndrea A. Peterson, MDFrom Norwalk Hospital Norwalk, CT, 06856.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail We are called to the code, like we are called to all codes during our watch in the hospital. As the senior resident in internal medicine, I am at the helm of the resuscitation team. By now, I have run many codes. They do not scare me; I know what to do. At this moment, however, I am terrified. Tonight it is a girl, 8 years old or so, who is lying unresponsive in the emergency department. I do not treat children. They are small, and they seem fragile and medically mysterious to me. I do not know how to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Norwalk Hospital Norwalk, CT, 06856.Corresponding Author: Andrea A. Peterson, MD, Department of Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, 21 Stevens Street, Norwalk, CT 06586; e-mail, andrea.[email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byProbability of survival based on etiology of cardiopulmonary arrest in pediatric patients 4 April 2006Volume 144, Issue 7Page: 531-532KeywordsBlood pressureChildrenEmergency departmentEmotionsHeartHospital medicineInsulinPregnancyResuscitationThorax ePublished: 4 April 2006 Issue Published: 4 April 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Plasma hydrogenated cationic detonation nanodiamonds efficiently deliver to human cells in culture functional siRNA targeting the Ewing sarcoma junction oncogene
Authors: Jean-Rémi Bertrand, Catherine Pioche-Durieu, Juan Ayala, Tristan Petit, Hugues A. Girard, Claude P. Malvy, Eric Le Cam, François Treussart, Jean-Charles Arnault
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Experimental Production of Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Utilizing Arteriovenous Fistula Stress with Bacteremia
Authors: C. WALTON LILLEHEI, J. R. R. BOBB, D. WARGO, M. B. VISSCHER, J. M. SHAFFER, E. T. BELL
Journal: Circulation (1951)

By combining the effects of systemic cardiovascular stress produced by large arteriovenous fistulas with bacteremia, a new method has been found by which acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis may be produced experimentally.
Nonclinical polymorphic ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed cardiac stimulation: incidence, mechanisms and clinical significance.
Authors: C P Reddy, J C Sartini
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We analyzed the morphology and rate of ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed cardiac stimulation in 18 patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia who had only one type of ventricular tachycardia during spontaneous episodes. In nine of 18 patients, we induced only one type of ventricular tachycardia, with a morphology and rate similar to those noted during spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. In the other nine patients, the induced ventricular tachycardia was either different from spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (two patients) or was polymorphic (seven patients). The multiple morphologies were induced in addition to those similar to spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. Seven of these nine patients had ischemic heart disease. Only one patient had a left ventricular aneurysm. The morphology and rate of induced tachycardia could be changed by changing the basic cycle length (two patients), the method of initiation of tachycardia (one patient), and by introducing paced ventricular beats during tachycardia (four patients). Our data suggest that ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed cardiac stimulation is nonclinical in 50% of patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. The clinical course and prognosis of patients with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia compared with those without polymorphic tachycardia are not known.
Long term mortality after starvation during the Leningrad siege: Authors' reply
Authors: Denny Vågerö, Dimitri Shestov, Rosaria Galanti, Pär Sparén
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Croft makes the point that children of fat parents would have had a better chance of surviving the Leningrad siege: obese parents would be more likely to survive and protect their children. This may not have been the case. One of us who survived the siege (DS) recollects a common impression that fat people were among the first to die. Observing Russian prisoners of war, Leyton found “a big well-built man standing …
The Psychological and Social Impact of Physical Disability
Authors: Mildred L. Badnek
Journal: JAMA (1977)

"The Rehabilitation process is a journey not a destination." The authors, capable and experienced in their fields, attempt to guide the reader through that journey. They emphasize the viewpoint of the disabled toward himself as well as that of the nondisabled multitude toward him, all with a minimum of technical cant. Except for two chapters and some comments, the book consists of articles previously published from 1966 to 1975. Nevertheless, the articles are still timely, and it is useful for them to be gathered into a single volume. The book is of wide scope, covering disabilities such as amputation, paraplegia, disfiguring disease, injury, or surgery, and touching here and there on mental disability. The discussion ranges from the disabled child and his family to such topics as the sexuality of the handicapped. Aspects that seem particularly well presented are the problem of the patient's feeling of personal worth, the influence
An approach to the obstructive colleague
Authors: R. Vijayan, G. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The obstructive colleague is a feature of any workplace, but is perhaps nowhere more exasperating than in the clinical environment. It is remarkable that, as clinicians used to coolly and methodically analysing our patients, we don’t apply the same pragmatic approach to problematic colleagues. Obstruction, for example, commonly occurs both within the bowel and in interpersonal communication. Causes …
Incidence of disease after vasectomy: a record linkage retrospective cohort study.
Authors: H. Nienhuis, M. Goldacre, V. Seagroatt, L. Gill, M. Vessey
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To determine whether vasectomy is associated with an increased risk of several diseases, and in particular testicular cancer, after operation.Retrospective cohort study using linked medical record abstracts.Six health districts in Oxford region.13,246 men aged 25-49 years who had undergone vasectomy between 1970 and 1986, and 22,196 comparison subjects who had been admitted during the same period for one of three specified elective operations, appendicitis, or injuries.Hospital admission and death after vasectomy or comparison event.The mean durations of follow up were 6.6 years for men with a vasectomy and 7.5 years for men with a comparison condition. The relative risk of cancer of the testis in the vasectomy cohort (4 cases) compared with that in the other cohorts (17 cases) was 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.1 to 1.4), that of cancer of the prostate (1 v 5 cases) 0.44 (0.1 to 4.0), and that of myocardial infarction (97 v 226 cases) 1.00 (0.8 to 1.3). There was no evidence of an increase associated with vasectomy in the incidence of a range of other diseases.Vasectomy was not associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer or the other diseases studied. With respect to prostatic cancer, while we found no cause for concern, longer periods of observation on large numbers of men are required.An attempt to determine whether vasectomy is associated with an increased risk of diseases, in particular testicular cancer, following surgery, is discussed. 6 health districts in the Oxford region were the site for this retrospective cohort study which used linked medical record abstracts and which evaluated 13,246 men ages 25-49 years who had undergone vasectomy between 1970-86. There were 22,196 controls who were admitted during the same time period for 1 of 3 specified elective surgeries, appendicitis, or injury. The mean durations for followup were 6.6 years for men with vasectomy and 7.5 years for those with a comparison condition. The relative risk of cancer of the testis in the vasectomy cohort (4 cases) compared with that in other cohorts (17 cases) was .46 (95% confidence interval .1-1.4), that of cancer of the prostate (1 of 5 cases) .44 (.1-4.0), and that of myocardial infarction (97 of 226 cases) 1.00 (.8-1.3). There was no evidence of an increase associated with vasectomy in the incidence of a range of other diseases. Vasectomy was thus not associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer or other diseases studied. With regard to prostate cancer, while there was no cause for concern found, longer periods of observation on large numbers of men are necessary.
European Commission targets drug firms over illegal patent protection
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The European Commission is stepping up pressure on drug companies it suspects of using illegal sweetener deals to protect their patents and prevent cheaper generic drugs from entering the market.

Just three weeks before she is due to stand down as European Union Competition Commissioner, Neelie Kroes has asked several European companies to supply her staff with copies of their patent settlement agreements.

The commission did not divulge the identities of the companies it had targeted. But several confirmed they had been contacted and asked to provide documentation, including …
In vivo damage of rat lungs by oxygen metabolites.
Authors: K J Johnson, J C Fantone, J Kaplan, P A Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The intrapulmonary instillation into rat lung of enzymes that generate oxygen metabolites results in acute lung injury. The injection of xanthine oxidase and xanthine produces acute lung injury that, in the presence of superoxide dismutase, but not in the presence of catalase, can be significantly diminished, suggesting that O2- has the capacity to injure the lung. Instillation of a generator of H2O2, namely glucose oxidase, will, in sufficient quantities, produce acute injury that is not neutrophil-dependent. When either a low dose of glucose oxidase alone or lactoperoxidase alone is employed, little lung injury occurs. However, instilling the combination of the two enzymes produces severe, acute injury that can be blocked in a dose-dependent manner by catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase. Purified human leukocytic myeloperoxidase, but not horseradish peroxidase, will substitute for lactoperoxidase in the model of lung injury. The lung damaging effects of these enzymes cannot be attributed to the presence of contaminating proteases. Acute lung injury produced by the instillation of glucose oxidase and lactoperioxidase progresses to interstitial fibrosis. These studies represent a direct application of generators of oxygen metabolites to the in vivo induction of lung injury. The data suggest that rat lung is susceptible to injury by a variety of oxygen metabolites, including O2-, H2O2 and its lactoperoxidase or myeloperoxidase-produced derivatives. The studies also indicate that lung injury produced by oxygen metabolites can result in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
Four New Mitochondrial Genomes and the Increased Stability of Evolutionary Trees of Mammals from Improved Taxon Sampling
Authors: Yu-Hsin Lin, Patricia A. McLenachan, Alicia R. Gore, Matthew J. Phillips, Rissa Ota, Michael D. Hendy, David Penny
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

We have sequenced four new mitochondrial genomes to improve the stability of the tree for placental mammals; they are two insectivores (a gymnure, Echinosorex gymnurus and Formosan shrew Soriculus fumidus); a Formosan lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus monoceros); and the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri). A revision to the hedgehog sequence (Erinaceus europaeus) is also reported. All five are from the Laurasiatheria grouping of eutherian mammals. On this new data set there is a strong tendency for the hedgehog and its relative, the gymnure, to join with the other Laurasiatherian insectivores (mole and shrews). To quantify the stability of trees from this data we define, based on nuclear sequences, a major four-way split in Laurasiatherians. This ([Xenarthra, Afrotheria], [Laurasiatheria, Supraprimates]) split is also found from mitochondrial genomes using either protein-coding or RNA (rRNA and tRNA) data sets. The high similarity of the mitochondrial and nuclear-derived trees allows a quantitative estimate of the stability of trees from independent data sets, as detected from a triplet Markov analysis. There are significant changes in the mutational processes within placental mammals that are ignored by current tree programs. On the basis of our quantitative results, we expect the evolutionary tree for mammals to be resolved quickly, and this will allow other problems to be solved.
Bridging the quality chasm
Authors: M. A Kelley, J. M Tucci
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Earlier this year the Institute of Medicine issued another report on health care quality, following its much heralded report on patient safety in 1999. Crossing the Quality Chasm is unequivocal in its assertion: the defects of American health care are so widespread that they detract from the “health, functioning, dignity, comfort, satisfaction, and resources of Americans.”1 The report fails, however, to create an equally compelling vision of how health care in the United States can be transformed. We are not given a sense of how hundreds of thousands of healthcare workers will be engaged in this enormous task.

The authors of this report characterise their earlier one, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System ,2 as a “small part of an unfolding story of quality in American health care.” Yet that report, on medical errors, provoked universal, dramatic calls for action, while this latest report has received only a subdued response. Perhaps to the public and those who provide their care the quality problem is “old news.” Or perhaps the problem is too large and too close to grasp. The indictment of our current system acknowledges both the tremendous advances in medical science and the good intentions and dedicated work of the vast majority of care givers. Nevertheless, the report describes a system that is wasteful, often redundant, and lacking even the most basic information systems to support clinical care. Patients see long waiting times, …
Association of sputum parameters with clinical and functional measurements in asthma
Authors: E. Rosi
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Asthma is a clinical entity characterised by a combination of three features: airway obstruction with spontaneous and/or pharmacological reversibility, increased airway responsiveness (BHR), and airway inflammation.1 2 Asthma originates with airway inflammation which results in the pathological process and ultimately culminates in symptoms.2 

Airway inflammation has been considered the primary event leading to airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness.2 The principal pathological features of asthma include thickening and disorganisation of the tissues of the airway wall with epithelial shedding, deposition of collagen under the basement membrane, hypertrophy/hyperplasia of the smooth muscle, epithelial damage, occlusion of airways by secretion, and infiltration of eosinophils and T lymphocytes.1 The investigation into the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of asthma has been hampered by difficulties in gaining direct access to asthmatic airways for evaluating the inflammatory process. Until recently it has not been possible in clinical practice to measure inflammation directly, and the presence or absence of airway inflammation has been assumed from symptoms, measurement of BHR, and the effect of treatment. The introduction of a method of sputum analysis3 4 which is a non-invasive safe tool for analysing the cellular and biochemical component of the airway secretions has allowed the direct measurement of airway inflammation in asthma.3-5 In fact, measurement of induced sputum has been shown to be a repeatable,6 7 valid,7 8and feasible4 5 method for assessing eosinophilic airway inflammation.

Despite many studies of the possible association between the three features that characterise chronic bronchial asthma using sputum parameters as a measure of airway inflammation,4 7-34the interrelations between the sputum cytological and biochemical profile and clinical or functional parameters in asthma remain a matter of debate. This raises the question whether sputum analysis is a useful tool in evaluating the integrated effect …
Vietnam Veterans Risk for Fathering Children With Birth Defects-Reply
Authors: J. David Erickson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In our reports,<sup>1,2</sup>we note that there was great public concern about the risks of US Vietnam veterans in general for fathering babies with birth defects, as well as about the risks of those who may have been exposed to Agent Orange. These two concerns guided our study design. In those reports, we discuss the difficulty of ascertaining Agent Orange exposure. The estimates of exposure that can be constructed today must derive from personnel and combat records created many years ago. These records were not made for the purpose of conducting health studies, and, in particular, they contain no specific information about individual veterans' exposure to herbicides. At this time, one can attempt only to rank the relative likelihood of individual veterans' exposure, based on the time and location of service in Vietnam in relation to recorded patterns of herbicide usage. Sterling and Arundel state that the
Decline in sperm counts: an artefact of changed reference range of "normal"?
Authors: P Bromwich, J Cohen, I Steward, A Walker
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To investigate a reported fall in sperm counts during 1940-90 in relation to the reduced lower reference value of "normal" during the same period by assuming the null hypothesis that no change had occurred in the probability distribution of the sperm concentration.Analysis by using various mathematical models of the probability distribution of sperm concentration together with experimental data which supported a model employing a logarithmic distribution.235 men presenting for stimulated in vitro fertilisation at Midland Fertility Services, Aldridge, in 1992 together with samples of 20 ejaculates from each of five men attending the same centre during 1992-3.The effect of the change in lower reference value for the "normal" sperm concentration (from 60 x 10(9) to 20 x 10(9)/l) depended on the probability distribution of the concentration in the population. If that distribution was normal or uniform, then very little of the reported decline was a consequence of the change in lower reference value. If it was heavily skewed, then most or all of the reported decline may have been a consequence of that change. The limited experimental data available indicate that the distribution was heavily skewed.Depending on the actual distribution of sperm concentration in the population, the reported decline in concentration may have been accounted for entirely or in part by the change in lower reference value. The original evidence does not support the hypothesis that the sperm count declined significantly between 1940 and 1990.
Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: R L Kennedy, R F Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1990)

REPLY,-My article made clear that single enzyme measurements are rarely diagnostic in the first 12 hours.Serial measurements are more useful, but in the real world of a busy hospital and an understaffed biochemistry laboratory this is unlikely to find much favour, particularly when the method requires four hourly blood sampling and construction of a "log creatine kinase slope."Even if the method were practicable it would not permit diagnosis until 12 hours or more after admission (perhaps 16 hours after infarction), when the benefits of thrombolytic treatment are considerably diminished and when electrocardiography often shows unequivocal changes.Practical considerations aside, I am less enthusiastic than Dr Mullen about the validity of this method.The main differential diagnosis in patients with cardiac chest pain is between unstable angina and acute infarction.Difficulties arise only if the electrocardiogram taken on ad- mission to hospital is non-diagnostic, and an additional test may be required.Collinson et al gave no information about admission electro- cardiograms, and in the 1989 study only one patient had unstable angina compared with 34 with acute infarction-which makes it difficult to assess the test's discriminatory value.Indeed, they seem to acknowledge this difficulty by diagnosing five patients as "ischaemia ?infarction," a conundrum