tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Phase 1 Study of Enadenotucirev, an Oncolytic Ad11/Ad3 Chimeric Group B Adenovirus, Administered Intravenously - Analysis of Dose Expansion and Repeat Cycle Cohorts in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc)
Authors: E. Calvo, M. Gil Martín, A. Cubillo, J. Machiels, S. Rottey, F. Mardjuadi, K. Geboes, R. Salazar, J. Beadle, C. Ellis, K. Fisher, C. Blanc
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The Inflammatory Chemokine CXC Motif Ligand 16 Triggers Platelet Activation and Adhesion Via CXC Motif Receptor 6–Dependent Phosphatidylinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling
Authors: Oliver Borst, Patrick Münzer, Sergios Gatidis, Eva-Maria Schmidt, Tanja Schönberger, Evi Schmid, Syeda T. Towhid, Konstantinos Stellos, Peter Seizer, Andreas E. May, Florian Lang, Meinrad Gawaz
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The recently discovered chemokine CXC motif ligand 16 (CXCL16) is highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and is a potential pathogenic mediator in coronary artery disease.The aim of this study was to test the role of CXCL16 on platelet activation and vascular adhesion, as well as the underlying mechanism and signaling pathway.Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry revealed that CXCL16-specific receptor, CXC motif receptor 6, is highly expressed in platelets. According to flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, stimulation of platelets with CXCL16 induced platelet degranulation, integrin α(IIb)β(3) activation, and shape change. CXCL16 increased Akt phosphorylation (Thr(308)/Ser(473)), an effect abrogated by phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin (100 nmol/L) and LY294002 (25 µmol/L). The phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibitors and Akt inhibitor SH-6 (20 µmol/L) further diminished CXCL16-induced platelet activation. CXCL16-mediated platelet degranulation, integrin α(IIb)β(3) activation, and Akt phosphorylation were blunted in platelets lacking CXCL16-specific receptor CXC motif receptor 6. CXCL16-induced platelet activation was abrogated in Akt1- or Akt2-deficient platelets. CXCL16 enhanced platelet adhesion to endothelium in vitro after high arterial shear stress (2000(-s)) and to injured vascular wall in vivo after carotid ligation. CXCL16-induced stimulation of platelet adhesion again was prevented by phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and Akt inhibitors. Apyrase and antagonists of platelet purinergic receptors P(2)Y(1) (MRS2179, 100 µmol/L) and especially P(2)Y(12) (Cangrelor, 10 µmol/L) blunted CXCL16-triggered platelet activation as well as CXCL16-induced platelet adhesion under high arterial shear stress in vitro and after carotid ligation in vivo.The inflammatory chemokine CXCL16 triggers platelet activation and adhesion via CXC motif receptor 6-dependent phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling and paracrine activation, suggesting a decisive role for CXCL16 in linking vascular inflammation and thrombo-occlusive diseases.
Noninvasive brain-computer interface enables communication after brainstem stroke
Authors: Eric W. Sellers, David B. Ryan, Christopher K. Hauser
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide communication that is independent of muscle control, and can be especially important for individuals with severe neuromuscular disease who cannot use standard communication pathways or other assistive technology. It has previously been shown that people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can successfully use BCI after all other means of independent communication have failed. The BCI literature has asserted that brainstem stroke survivors can also benefit from BCI use. This study used a P300-based event-related potential spelling system. This case study demonstrates that an individual locked-in owing to brainstem stroke was able to use a noninvasive BCI to communicate volitional messages. Over a period of 13 months, the participant was able to successfully operate the system during 40 of 62 recording sessions. He was able to accurately spell words provided by the experimenter and to initiate dialogues with his family. The results broadly suggest that, regardless of the precipitating event, BCI use may be of benefit to those with locked-in syndrome.
Mammography Screening: Are Women Really Giving Informed Consent? (Countering the Counterpoint)
Authors: C. J. Baines
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

counterpoint is gracious and informative.I am grateful that he reinforces the often disregarded but currently best available version of the truth: in women younger than age 50 years, screening benefits take longer to become apparent and absolute benefits are smaller compared with older women.In Dr. Berg's words, longer means 13-20 years after randomization.My commentary focuses on what happens to women age 40-49 years before the benefits become apparent.My conviction that, for the first 10 years, breast cancer deaths are increased in women age 40-49 years who receive mammography screening is evidence-based despite Dr. Berg's assertion that it is not.What is my evidence?The increase in deaths from breast cancer among screened women (compared with that among control women who did not receive screening) is seen very briefly in the Health Insurance Plan of New York study but lasts up to 10 years in the Two-County trial, the Canadian trial, the Stockholm trial, and the Malmö trial.Furthermore, the meta-analysis performed by Brian Cox in 1997 portrayed the paradox clearly (see Fig.
Topical treatment of necrotic foot ulcers in diabetic patients: a comparative trial of DuoDerm and MeZinc
Authors: J. APELQVIST, J. LARSSON, A. LSTENSTROM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

An open randomized controlled study was carried out of 44 diabetic patients with necrotic foot ulcers treated with adhesive zinc oxide tape (MeZinc) or with an adhesive occlusive hydrocolloid dressing (DuoDerm). Fourteen of the 21 patients treated with MeZinc had their necrotic ulcers improved by at least 50% compared to six out of 21 with the hydrocolloid dressing (P< 0·025). Fifteen patients showed an increase in the area of necrosis during the course of the 5-week study and of these, 10 had been treated with the hydrocolloid dressing.
Exercise prescription: a case for standardised reporting
Authors: Susan Carolyn Slade, Jennifer Lyn Keating
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Structured, regular exercise is recommended to improve health outcomes. Exercise takes many forms and varies in type, intensity, duration and frequency. The authors used the example of exercise for chronic health conditions to examine how exercise programmes are described and summarised in systematic reviews.Two independent reviewers conducted a review of exercise reporting practices using the evidence of exercise effects for chronic conditions as the source material.systematic reviews that summarised the effects of exercise programmes for adults with chronic health conditions.reviews of studies of children and adolescent populations, and non-English publications.Seventy-three reviews were included. Data on sample size, number of included trials, interventions, comparisons, programme characteristics, exercise components, author conclusions and recommendations were extracted. Seventy-one per cent of reviews reported being unable to adequately describe the exercise programmes, because the required information was not reported in included trials. Using key exercise descriptors from the included reviews, the authors developed criteria for reporting to a level that enables replication.All included reviews recommended better and standardised reporting. Incomplete exercise programme descriptions limit confidence in the accurate replication of effective interventions and limits critical appraisal of interventions when conflicting outcomes are reported. The evaluation and implementation of physical activity and exercise research would be facilitated if exercise programmes are comprehensively described. The authors propose that systematic reviews/meta-analysis and clinical application of the outcomes of exercise therapy research would be enhanced if authors used an exercise reporting grid that includes a detailed description of the programme components.
Reactivity of canine isolated epicardial collateral coronary arteries. Relation to vessel structure.
Authors: J A Angus, J E Ward, J J Smolich, G A McPherson
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To study the relation between structure and vascular reactivity in mature coronary collateral arteries, we prepared 17 dogs with a casein occluder near the origin of the circumflex coronary artery. At least 24 weeks later, we examined the reactivity of surface collateral arteries (approximately 500 micron i.d.) to a range of constrictor and dilator agents and compared them with normal left anterior descending coronary arteries of similar size branching away from the collateral zone. Pairs of normal and collateral arteries 2 mm long were mounted in a double-vessel myograph for isometric force recording. Arteries were contracted by K+ (124 mM) or by cumulative addition of endothelin-1 (1-100 nM) or U46619 (1-300 nM), a thromboxane A2 mimetic drug. In each case, the collateral vessels contracted to approximately half the force generated by the normal arteries. When partially contracted by K+ (25-30 mM), the collateral vessels had a greater range of relaxation and similar sensitivity to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and cromakalim compared with normal arteries. Morphological and morphometric analyses revealed that the collateral arteries had thickened adventitia, thinner media, ruptured internal elastic laminae, and a thick neointima lined by endothelium. Theoretical calculations of luminal area were made for isotonic conditions in response to constrictor stimuli. Despite the poor contractility of the collateral arteries, the neointimal luminal encroachment further reduced the lumen to zero, an exaggerated response compared with normal arteries. Coronary collateral arteries are thus compromised flow conduits that may play a role in vasospastic angina.
Implementation of computerised physician order entry (CPOE) and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) in the NHS: quantitative before and after study
Authors: S. Collin, B. C Reeves, J. Hendy, N. Fulop, A. Hutchings, E. Priedane
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the impact of components of the national programme for information technology (NPfIT) on measures of clinical and operational efficiency. <b>Design</b> Quasi-experimental controlled before and after study using routinely collected patient level data. <b>Setting</b> Four NHS acute hospital trusts in England. <b>Data sources</b> Inpatient admissions and outpatient appointments, 2000-5. <b>Interventions</b> A system for ordering pathology tests and browsing results (computerised physician order entry, CPOE) and a system for requesting radiological examinations and displaying images (picture archiving and communications system, PACS). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Requests per inpatient, outpatient, or day case patient for full blood count, urine culture and urea and electrolytes tests, and plain x ray film, computed tomography, and ultrasonography examinations. <b>Results</b> CPOE was associated with a reduction in the proportion of outpatient appointments at which full blood count (odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.40), urea and electrolytes (0.55, 0.39 to 0.77), and urine culture (0.30, 0.17 to 0.51) tests were ordered, and at which full blood count tests were repeated (0.73, 0.53 to 0.99). Conversely, the same system was associated with an almost fourfold increase in the use of urea and electrolytes tests among day case patients (3.63, 1.66 to 7.94). PACS was associated with a reduction in repeat plain x ray films at outpatient appointments (0.62, 0.44 to 0.88) and a reduction in inpatient computed tomography (0.83, 0.70 to 0.98). Conversely, it was associated with increases in computed tomography requested at outpatient appointments (1.89, 1.26 to 2.84) and computed tomography repeated within 48 hours during an inpatient stay (2.18, 1.52 to 3.14). <b>Conclusions</b> CPOE and PACS were associated with both increases and reductions in tests and examinations. The magnitude of the changes is potentially important with respect to the efficiency of provision of health care. Better information about the impact of modern IT is required to enable healthcare organisations to manage implementation optimally.
Microalbuminuria in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: N Mahmud, J Stinson, M A O'Connell, T J Mantle, P W Keeling, J Feely, D G Weir, D Kelleher
Journal: Gut (1994)

Microalbuminuria independently predicts the development of nephropathy and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, but it may be an indicator of the acute phase response. This study examined microalbuminuria as a marker of the acute phase response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and correlated it with the disease activity in 95 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis (n = 52), Crohn9s disease (n = 43)) determined by the simple index of Harvey and Bradshaw. Fifty patients were in complete clinical remission and 45 patients had active disease. Microalbuminuria was detected in all patients with inflammatory bowel disease (147 (17) v 18 (2) microgram/min, inflammatory bowel disease v controls mean (SEM), p &lt; 0.007). Patients with active inflammatory bowel disease had higher concentrations of microalbuminuria compared with patients in remission (206 (19) v 65 (8) microgram/min, mean (SEM), p &lt; 0.0001). Eight patients with active inflammatory bowel disease who were sequentially followed up with measurements of microalbuminuria had significantly lower values, when the disease was inactive (active inflammatory bowel disease 192 (44) v inactive inflammatory bowel disease 64 (14) microgram/min, p &lt; 0.03). There was a significant correlation with the simple index of Harvey and Bradshaw (r = 0.818, p &lt; 0.0001). Microalbuminuria values were significantly lower in inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission, maintained with olsalazine compared with those patients maintained with mesalazine and salazopyrine, but no significant difference was seen in values of microalbuminuria in active inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving different salicylates. This study also measured serum amyloid-A as an indicator of the acute phase response in the same patients. Serum amyloid-A was significantly increased in active disease compared with inactive disease (151 (43) v 33 (7) or controls 11 (2) micrograms/ml, p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion microalbuminuria is present in abnormal amounts in all patients with active inflammatory bowel disease, and values fall when the disease is quiescent. Microalbuminuria is probably a consequence of an acute phase response and provides a simple, rapid, and inexpensive test, which has the potential to monitor inflammatory bowel disease activity and response to treatment.
Issues in Antenatal and Neonatal Screening and Surveillance for Hereditary and Congenital Disorders
Authors: N A Holtzman, C O Leonard, M R Farfel
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1981)

In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scientific research examining the multiple ways in which racism can adversely affect health. This interest has been driven in part by the striking persistence of racial/ethnic inequities in health and ...Read More
Fertility Preservation Success Subsequent to Concurrent Aromatase Inhibitor Treatment and Ovarian Stimulation in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Kutluk Oktay, Volkan Turan, Giuliano Bedoschi, Fernanda S. Pacheco, Fred Moy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

We have previously reported an approach to ovarian stimulation for the purpose of fertility preservation (FP) in women with breast cancer via embryo freezing with the concurrent use of letrozole. The aim of this study was to provide the pregnancy and FP outcomes when embryos generated with the same protocol are used.In all, 131 women with stage ≤ 3 breast cancer underwent ovarian stimulation and received concurrent letrozole 5 mg per day before receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and cryopreserving embryos.Thirty-three of the 131 women underwent 40 attempts to transfer embryos to their own uterus (n = 18) or via the use of a gestational carrier (n = 22) at a mean age of 41.5 ± 4.3 years with a median 5.25 years after embryo cryopreservation. The overall live birth rate per embryo transfer was similar to the US national mean among infertile women of a similar age undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (45.0 v 38.2; P = .2). Seven (38.8%) of the 18 pregnancies were twins with no higher-order pregnancies being encountered. No fetal anomalies or malformations were reported in 25 children after a mean follow-up of 40.4 ± 26.4 months. Seventeen of the 33 women attempting pregnancy had at least one child, translating into an FP rate of 51.5% per attempting woman.Embryo cryopreservation after ovarian stimulation with the letrozole and follicle-stimulating hormone protocol preserves fertility in women with breast cancer and results in pregnancy rates comparable to those expected in a noncancer population undergoing in vitro fertilization.
Immunomodulatory Effect of the Topical Ophthalmic Janus Kinase Inhibitor Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) in Patients with Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Jing-Feng Huang, Rolla Yafawi, Min Zhang, Michael McDowell, Kay D. Rittenhouse, Frederick Sace, Shiao Hui (Melissa) Liew, Scott R. Cooper, Eve H. Pickering
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Myofibroblasts are responsible for collagen synthesis in the stroma of human hepatocellular carcinoma: an in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Saadia Faouzi, Brigitte Le Bail, Véronique Neaud, Liliane Boussarie, Jean Saric, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Charles Balabaud, Jean Rosenbaum
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Lumpectomy Plus Tamoxifen With or Without Irradiation in Women Age 70 Years or Older With Early Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up of CALGB 9343
Authors: Kevin S. Hughes, Lauren A. Schnaper, Jennifer R. Bellon, Constance T. Cirrincione, Donald A. Berry, Beryl McCormick, Hyman B. Muss, Barbara L. Smith, Clifford A. Hudis, Eric P. Winer, William C. Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose To determine whether there is a benefit to adjuvant radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery and tamoxifen in women age ≥ 70 years with early-stage breast cancer. Patients and Methods Between July 1994 and February 1999, 636 women (age ≥ 70 years) who had clinical stage I (T1N0M0 according to TNM classification) estrogen receptor (ER) –positive breast carcinoma treated by lumpectomy were randomly assigned to receive tamoxifen plus radiation therapy (TamRT; 317 women) or tamoxifen alone (Tam; 319 women). Primary end points were time to local or regional recurrence, frequency of mastectomy, breast cancer–specific survival, time to distant metastasis, and overall survival (OS). Results Median follow-up for treated patients is now 12.6 years. At 10 years, 98% of patients receiving TamRT (95% CI, 96% to 99%) compared with 90% of those receiving Tam (95% CI, 85% to 93%) were free from local and regional recurrences. There were no significant differences in time to mastectomy, time to distant metastasis, breast cancer–specific survival, or OS between the two groups. Ten-year OS was 67% (95% CI, 62% to 72%) and 66% (95% CI, 61% to 71%) in the TamRT and Tam groups, respectively. Conclusion With long-term follow-up, the previously observed small improvement in locoregional recurrence with the addition of radiation therapy remains. However, this does not translate into an advantage in OS, distant disease-free survival, or breast preservation. Depending on the value placed on local recurrence, Tam remains a reasonable option for women age ≥ 70 years with ER-positive early-stage breast cancer.
Minisymposium on post-surgical adhesions Introduction--prevention of adhesion formation: the journey continues
Authors: T. Tulandi
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2001)

One of the complications of abdominal surgery is the occurrence of intra-abdominal adhesions. The problems related to these adhesions have created a major impact on the health care system, thereby incurring a substantial cost to health care. In the field of gynaecology, adhesion-related problems include infertility, abdominal pain and bowel obstruction.
A model of the time course of myocardial dynamics: use in characterisation of relaxation and evaluation of its indices
Authors: Obi N Nwasokwa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article A model of the time course of myocardial dynamics: use in characterisation of relaxation and evaluation of its indices Get access Obi N Nwasokwa Obi N Nwasokwa Division of Cardiology, Harris Chasanoff Heart Institute, Room 2135, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA: O N Nwasokwa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 1510–1521, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.8.1510 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 02 December 1992 Accepted: 23 March 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
Chronic infusion of nitric oxide in experimental pulmonary hypertension: pulmonary pressure-flow analysis
Authors: V. Hampl, M. Tristani-Firouzi, D.P. Nelson, S.L. Archer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Inhaled-nitric oxide (NO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator in short-term clinical studies. Use of NO inhalation in chronic pulmonary hypertension is complicated by potential problems with ambulatory NO delivery. We hypothesized that long-term infusion of NO solution into the central venous circulation, which did not suffer from this drawback, might reduce chronic pulmonary hypertension. Saturated NO solution was infused in chronically hypoxic rats by implantable minipumps at a rate which was effective in reducing acute hypoxic vasoconstriction in isolated, Krebs9 albumin perfused lungs (2.5 microL.h-1). Pulmonary haemo dynamics and the pressure-flow relationship were studied after 4 weeks of infusion. NO was still present in the minipumps at the end of the infusion period. Despite causing methaemoglobinaemia, NO infusion did not significantly attenuate pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, or the parameters of the pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationship. Pressure-flow curves, analysed with the nonlinear, distensible vessel model, indicated increased near-zero pressure resistance (Ro) in chronic hypoxia. The tendency of chronic NO infusion to reduce Ro did not reach statistical significance. Long-term infusion of nitric oxide solution is technically feasible but does not effectively reverse chronic pulmonary hypertension. The failure of infused NO to reduce pulmonary hypertension is explained by the fact that the inactivation of NO by haemoglobin is much faster than anticipated.
Trichobezoar, gastric polyposis, protein-losing gastroenteropathy and steatorrhoea
Authors: A. Hossenbocus, D. G. Colin-Jones
Journal: Gut (1973)

A mentally subnormal patient presenting with oedema was found at gastroscopy to have a large trichobezoar and multiple gastric polyps. The serum concentrations of albumin and IgG were low in the absence of proteinuria, and the gastrointestinal clearance of radiochromium after the intravenous administration of radiochromic chloride was increased. These findings are compatible with increased gastrointestinal loss of plasma proteins. In addition, the patient had steatorrhoea. All of these abnormal findings were markedly improved after operative removal of the bezoar.