tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of <i>MYCN</i> Amplification and Ploidy in Favorable-Stage Neuroblastoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Jennifer Schneiderman, Wendy B. London, Garrett M. Brodeur, Robert P. Castleberry, A. Thomas Look, Susan L. Cohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

MYCN amplification is rarely detected in patients with favorable-stage neuroblastoma (NB). To determine the clinical significance of MYCN amplification in children with favorable-stage NB, we performed a retrospective review of data from the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) biology study 9047.MYCN status, tumor cell ploidy, treatment, and outcome of patients with stage A, B, or Ds NB, enrolled on POG 9047 between 1990 and 1999 were analyzed. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall (OS) survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Of the 1,667 patients enrolled on POG 9047, 643 had favorable-stage disease. Of these, follow-up data were available on 568 (34%) with stage A, B, or Ds disease and normal MYCN copy number, and 32 (1.9%) patients with MYCN-amplified, stage A, B, or Ds tumors. Within the cohort lacking MYCN amplification, the 7-year EFS and OS rates (+/- SE) were 91% +/- 1% and 96% +/- 1%, respectively. Patients with MYCN amplification had significantly worse EFS and OS (50% +/- 9% and 59% +/- 9%, respectively, P < .0001). Within the cohort of children with MYCN amplification, the 7-year EFS and OS rates were 80% +/- 10% and 87% +/- 9%, respectively for patients with hyperdiploid tumors and 25% +/- 11% and 38% +/- 12% for patients with diploid/hypodiploid NBs (P = .0063 and P = .0074, respectively).Tumor cell ploidy may be a clinically useful factor for prognostication and treatment stratification in children with MYCN-amplified, favorable-stage NB tumors.
Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Monoclonal Antibodies&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. B. Gorra, W. D. Lancaster, R. J. Kurman, A. B. Jenson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and type 2 (BPV-2) are the etiologic agents of fibropapillomas in cattle. Polyclonal antisera produced against BPV-1 structural antigens are cross-reactive with BPV-2. In this study BPV-1 type-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced that were not reactive with BPV-2. These monoclonal antibodies could be used for identification of BPV-1 structural antigens in acetone-fixed, frozen sections by immunofluorescence and Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections by immunoperoxidase techniques. In addition, these antibodies could be used for identification and purification of BPV-1 virions by immune electron microscopy and immunoadsorption techniques, respectively.
Intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Jayant S Vaidya, Jeffrey S Tobias, Michael Baum, Mohammed Keshtgar, David Joseph, Frederik Wenz, Joan Houghton, Christobel Saunders, Tammy Corica, Derek D'Souza, Richard Sainsbury, Samuele Massarut, Irving Taylor, Basil Hilaris
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2004)
THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF MACROPHAGE-L CELL HYBRIDS
Authors: Saimon Gordon, Carolyn S. Ripps, Zanvil Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The plasma membrane of the mouse peritoneal macrophage has specific receptors which enable the cell to bind IgG or complement-coated sheep red cells and is also rich in a divalent cation-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. L cells lack these macrophage membrane markers. The question of macrophage membrane receptor expression was investigated in DBA/2 mouse macrophage x mouse LMTK- cell hybrids produced with the aid of Sendai virus. Three independent clones and one mass culture were isolated by their ability to grow in hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine (HAT) selection medium. These hybrids retained 85–100% of the sum of two parent cells' chromosomes and expressed several genes derived from both parents, including glucose phosphate isomerase isozymes and H-2 antigens. The hybrids displayed ATPase activity which was intermediate between that of the macrophage and L cell. The macrophage specific receptors for antibody or complement-coated red cells could not be demonstrated on hybrid cells. The selective absence of these receptors is probably because of a failure in gene expression rather than to loss of genes.
Radiotherapy After Segmental Resection of Breast Cancer With Favorable Prognostic Features: 12-Year Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Kaija Holli, Päivi Hietanen, Rauni Saaristo, Heini Huhtala, Matti Hakama, Heikki Joensuu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Postoperative breast irradiation is considered standard after breast-preserving surgery for cancer. We evaluated the efficacy of radiation therapy in the prevention of local recurrence in a patient population that had small-size breast cancer with features that suggested low biologic aggressiveness.Women (n = 264) older than 40 years who were treated by breast resection with > or = 1 cm of tumor-free margin and axillary nodal dissection were randomly assigned to receive or not to receive breast irradiation (cumulative dose, 50 Gy) after surgery. The tumor was required to be < or = 20 mm, node negative, progesterone receptor positive, well to moderately well differentiated and unifocal, and of low cell proliferation rate (ie, S phase fraction < or = 7% or nuclear Ki-67 expression < 10%) and had to lack an extensive intraductal component. The median follow-up time was 12.1 years after random assignment.Sixteen (11.6%) and 34 (27.2%) cancers recurred locally in the radiotherapy and the control arms, respectively (P = .0013). Time to local recurrence was longer in the radiotherapy arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.65; P = .00071). Twenty-one patients assigned to radiotherapy and 26 assigned to control died during the follow-up. There were no differences in overall survival time (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.12; P = .11), distant disease-free survival (P = .94), or breast cancer-specific survival (P = .56) between the radiation therapy and control groups.Radiation therapy after breast resection reduces the frequency of ipsilateral breast recurrences, even among women with small-size breast cancers that have favorable histologic features and that are resected with at least a 1-cm margin. Postoperative radiotherapy did not significantly improve survival.
The efficacy of manual joint mobilisation/manipulation in treatment of lateral ankle sprains: a systematic review
Authors: Janice K Loudon, Michael P Reiman, Jonathan Sylvain
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Lateral ankle sprains are common and can have detrimental consequences to the athlete. Joint mobilisation/manipulation may limit these outcomes. Objective Systematically summarise the effectiveness of manual joint techniques in treatment of lateral ankle sprains. Methods This review employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A computer-assisted literature search of MEDLINE, CINHAL, EMBASE, OVID and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) (January 1966 to March 2013) was used with the following keywords alone and in combination ‘ankle’, ‘sprain’, ‘injuries’, 'lateral’, ‘manual therapy’, and ‘joint mobilisation’. The methodological quality of individual studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results After screening of titles, abstracts and full articles, eight articles were kept for examination. Three articles achieved a score of 10 of 11 total points; one achieved a score of 9; two articles scored 8; one article scored a 7 and the remaining article scored a 5. Three articles examined joint techniques for acute sprains and the remainder examined subacute/chronic ankle sprains. Outcome measures included were pain level, ankle range of motion, swelling, functional score, stabilometry and gait parameters. The majority of the articles only assessed these outcome measures immediately after treatment. No detrimental effects from the joint techniques were revealed in any of the studies reviewed. Conclusions For acute ankle sprains, manual joint mobilisation diminished pain and increased dorsiflexion range of motion. For treatment of subacute/chronic lateral ankle sprains, these techniques improved ankle range-of-motion, decreased pain and improved function.
Rectal Cancer in the Algerian West: Clinical Aspects, Management and Outcomes of a Cohort of 85 Patients Treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology of Chuoran
Authors: Boukerche Abdelbaki, Boudinar Fatema Zohra, Yahia Abdenacer, A. Safir, S. Hakem, A.F. Dali-Youcef
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
EU institutions divided on therapeutic cloning
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The European Union is sending out contradictory messages to the medical and scientific community on the controversial issue of therapeutic cloning. Whereas the European Commission is calling for a rational debate to consider all the ethical and medical aspects, the European parliament believes that all research in this area should be banned.

Members of the European parliament (MEPs) took an unexpectedly tough line last week when they adopted a highly critical resolution on human cloning by 237 votes to 230, with 43 abstentions. This states that therapeutic cloning “irreversibly crosses a boundary in research norms and is contrary to public policy.”

It demanded binding legislation in each member state “prohibiting all research …
Genetics ignite focus on microglial inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Manasi Malik, Ishita Parikh, Jared B. Vasquez, Conor Smith, Leon Tai, Guojun Bu, Mary Jo LaDu, David W. Fardo, G. William Rebeck, Steven Estus
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2015)

In the past five years, a series of large-scale genetic studies have revealed novel risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Analyses of these risk factors have focused attention upon the role of immune processes in AD, specifically microglial function. In this review, we discuss interpretation of genetic studies. We then focus upon six genes implicated by AD genetics that impact microglial function: TREM2, CD33, CR1, ABCA7, SHIP1, and APOE. We review the literature regarding the biological functions of these six proteins and their putative role in AD pathogenesis. We then present a model for how these factors may interact to modulate microglial function in AD.
Suppression of Invasion by Inducible Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in B 16-F10 Melanoma Cells
Authors: R. Khokha, M. J. Zimmer, C. H. Graham, P. K. Lala, P. Waterhouse
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

We have previously shown that down-modulation (i.e., by antisense expression vector) of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in a noninvasive, nontumorigenic cell line led to an acquisition of an invasive, tumorigenic, and metastatic ability in these cells.Our purpose was to examine whether increased levels of murine TIMP-1 can directly suppress the invasive ability of malignant cells.Murine B16-F10 melanoma cells were transfected with an expression vector to overproduce TIMP-1. Among these transfectants, we isolated five clonal cell lines (2-5, 2-8, 2-10, 6-5, and 6-9) that showed upregulation (i.e., overexpression) of TIMP-1.These cell lines had an increased basal level of TIMP-1 messenger RNA. TIMP-1 expression was under the control of the mouse metallothionein-I promoter, and four of these five clones (2-5, 2-8, 6-5, and 6-9) showed a threefold to 10-fold induction of TIMP-1 message when they were treated with 20 microM cadmium for 4 hours. An increase in TIMP-1 message led to an increase in TIMP-1 protein activity measured in the conditioned medium of clones 2-10 and 6-5. The invasive ability of the TIMP-1-upregulated cells was tested in a matrigel transwell invasion assay. All of the upregulated clones showed a significant reduction in their invasive ability, relative to the invasive ability of parental B16-F10 and the control 1-2 cell line; this reduction correlated with the level of TIMP-1 overexpression. Cadmium induction of TIMP-1 messenger RNA resulted in a further suppression of the invasive ability of the two inducible cell lines tested (i.e., 2-8 and 6-5).Our data demonstrate that a specific upregulation of murine TIMP-1 expression in B16-F10 melanoma cells directly suppresses their invasive ability.
Remarks ON TUBERCULIN IN DIAGNOSIS
Authors: S. L. Cummins
Journal: BMJ (1932)

AND MON IliSHIIEMy first attempts, inspired by the then recent publications of Von Pirquet and Wolff-Eisner, to utilize cutaneous tuberculin tests in the diagnosis of tuberculosis were carried out at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, in 1908 and 1909, and the results were reported in the Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps in June, 1909.The method adopted was a modification of the Von Pirquet technique, and the test was applied to known cases of tuberculosis as well as to suspected cases and clinically non-tuberculous persons.The non-tuberculotus persons proved to be quite as sensitive to tuberculin as the known cases.The conclusion drawn was as follows:The practical point at issue in diagnosis is the presence or absence of active disease.Surface vaccination ' is quite unreliable as a means of answering this question."
Mouse β6 Integrin Sequence, Pattern of Expression, and Role in Kidney Development
Authors: LOIS J. AREND, ANN M. SMART, JOSIE P. BRIGGS
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. Integrins mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and play key roles in development. β6 integrin expression has been demonstrated in human fetal kidney at a higher level than in the adult, making β6 integrin a marker of interest for the study of development of the nephron. The aims of this study were to determine the cDNA sequence for the mouse β6 integrin and to characterize β6 integrin expression in the developing mouse kidney. Two embryonic mouse kidney cDNA libraries were screened, and the coding region was sequenced. The mouse β6 nucleotide coding region sequence shows 82% nucleotide identity to the human sequence. The putative amino acid sequence has 89.5% identity to human β6 integrin and contains many conserved domains. By reverse transcription-PCR, β6 integrin mRNA expression is very low at 11 d of gestation in the mouse, increases dramatically by E14 and E17 (20-fold, normalized for increases in β actin), and plateaus by 2 wk of age. β6 integrin expression is induced 15- to 20-fold after 5 d in metanephric explant culture. Reverse transcription-PCR of adult rat microdissected nephron segments demonstrates β6 integrin mRNA expression in proximal tubule, cortical thick ascending limb, distal nephron segments (inner and outer medullary collecting ducts), and macula densa—containing segments. Lectin-peroxidase and in situ colocalization studies demonstrated expression of β6 integrin mRNA in developing proximal tubules and thick ascending limb. Culture of mouse metanephric kidneys with antisense oligonucleotides to β6 integrin resulted in inhibition of ureteric bud branching and complete lack of mesenchyme condensation. These studies demonstrate a high homology between the human and mouse β6 integrin sequence, a different pattern of expression in the developing mouse kidney compared with the primate kidney, and abnormal metanephric development in culture in the absence of β6 integrin. These findings suggest an important role for β6 integrin in normal development of the mouse kidney.
Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Demonstration of structural variants in lymphoblastoid cells derived from patients with a deficiency of the enzyme.
Authors: J M Wilson, B W Baugher, P M Mattes, P E Daddona, W N Kelley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

We have explored the possibility of using cultured lymphoblasts from patients with a deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) as a source of cells for the isolation and characterization of mutant forms of the enzyme. HPRT from lymphoblasts derived from six male patients of five unrelated HPRT-deficient families was highly purified and characterized with regard to: (a) level of immunoreactive protein, (b) absolute specific activity, (c) isoelectric point, (d) migration during nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and (e) apparent subunit molecular weight. There experiments were performed on small quantities of lymphoblasts using several micromethods involving protein blot analysis of crude extracts as well as isolation and characterization of enzyme labeled in culture with radioactive amino acids. The lymphoblast enzymes from four of the patients exhibited structural and functional abnormalities that were similar to the recently described abnormalities found with the highly purified erythrocyte enzymes from these same patients. In addition, a previously undescribed HPRT variant was isolated and characterized from lymphoblasts derived from two male siblings. This unique variant has been called HPRT Ann Arbor. We conclude that lymphoblastoid cell lines can be used as a source of cells for the detection, isolation, and characterization of structural variants of human HPRT.
Primary Vesicoureteric Reflux as a Predictor of Renal Damage in Children Hospitalized with Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Isky Gordon, Maria Barkovics, Sima Pindoria, Tim J. Cole, Adrian S Woolf
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

Renal parenchymal disease after urinary tract infection (UTI) has been associated with the development of hypertension and renal functional impairment. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed to determine how effectively the finding of primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) on micturating cystography (MCU) in children hospitalized with UTI predicted renal parenchymal disease on (99m)Technetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) scintigraphy. Medline, Embase, and PubMed were use to find reports with original data for children hospitalized with bacteriologically-proven UTI who had undergone both MCU and (99m)Tc-DMSA scintigraphy, and which also reported both positive and negative results of these tests. A meta-analysis of likelihood ratios positive and negative for MCU was then performed, including tests for heterogeneity. Twelve valid studies were found, seven with data for 537 children, with a positive (99m)Tc-DMSA scan prevalence of 59% overall, and seven studies with data for 1062 kidneys, with a positive (99m)Tc-DMSA scan prevalence of 36%. The likelihood ratio positive for MCU was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.51 to 2.54) for children, and 2.34 (1.53 to 3.57) for kidneys. The likelihood ratio negative was 0.71 (0.58 to 0.85) for children and 0.72 (0.61 to 0.86) for kidneys. There was evidence of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis showed that a positive MCU increases the risk of renal damage in hospitalized UTI patients by about 20%, whereas a negative MCU increases the chance of no renal involvement by just 8%. VUR is hence a weak predictor of renal damage in pediatric patients hospitalized with UTI. Physicians should be aware of the limitations of using MCU-detected primary VUR as an effective screening test for renal damage in this population. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of renal damage in such patients is probably complex because it is often detected without demonstrable VUR.
Reassessment of Albumin as a Nutritional Marker in Kidney Disease
Authors: Allon N. Friedman, Stephen Z. Fadem
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

The decision by nephrologists, renal dietitians, federal agencies, health care payers, large dialysis organizations, and the research community to embrace serum albumin as an important index of nutrition and clinical performance is based on numerous misconceptions. Patients with analbuminemia are not malnourished and individuals with simple malnutrition are rarely hypoalbuminemic. With the possible exception of kwashiorkor, a rare nutritional state, serum albumin is an unreliable marker of nutritional status. Furthermore, nutritional supplementation has not been clearly shown to raise levels of serum albumin. The use of serum albumin as a quality care index is also problematic. It has encouraged a reflexive reliance on expensive and unproven interventions such as dietary supplements and may lead to adverse selection of healthier patients by health care providers. The authors offer a rationale for considering albumin as a marker of illness rather than nutrition. Viewed in this manner, hypoalbuminemia may offer an opportunity to improve patient well-being by identifying and treating the underlying disorder.
THE ROLE OF A NATURAL ANTIBODY IN THE REJECTION OF MOUSE TUMOR CELLS BY THE CHICK EMBRYO
Authors: Howard Green, Allan L. Lorincz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Cells of the Krebs ascites tumor of mice grow well in the body of the chick embryo until about the 17th day of incubation, when degeneration of the tumor can be seen in tissue sections and viable tumor cells begin to disappear from the internal organs of the embryo. This death of tumor cells follows the appearance in the chick embryo of serum gamma globulins. Among these are antibodies which can agglutinate the tumor cells in vitro, and destroy their viability. These antibodies occur in the blood without the introduction of any foreign antigen. Their possible origin is discussed. Small numbers of mouse tumor cells growing in the chick embryo are completely eliminated shortly after the time when antibodies ordinarily become detectable. When the number of cells present is larger, viable cells persist longer, and at still higher cell numbers, the embryo or chick is unable to eliminate the tumor, and is itself killed by it. Gamma globulins of older birds injected into young chick embryos bearing growing tumor clear the embryonic organs of viable tumor cells.
A study of neuromuscular dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mohamed El-Senousey, Ehab S. Mohamed, Azza A. Ghali, Ahmed S. Mohamed
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  COPD is one of the most important diseases that affect quality of life.Although its effect on central nervous system is well known, but on the peripheral nervous system not well known.Peripheral neuropathy and/or myopathy are known to worsening quality of life of COPD patients  Objective:  To evaluate the presence of peripheral neuropathy and myopathy in COPD patients.  Methods:  40 subjects were included in the study divided into 2 groups, group A included 20 patients with severe COPD and group B included 20 patients with moderate COPD.and 15 healthy subjects as a control group. All patients subjected to clinical assessment. All subjects were subjected to respiratory functions tests, Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and neurophysiological examination.  Results:  16 patients had peripheral neuropathy. 8 patients had proximal muscle weakness. Patients with neuropathy- myopathy were more hypoxic and hypercapnic. There is significant association between high scores of CCQ and poor quality of life in patients with neuropathy-myopathy.  Conclusion:  Presence of neuropathy and myopathy added more burden on quality of life on COPD patients.Careful examination of COPD patients for subclinical neuropathy or myopathy is needed for early interference, management and slowing progression of the disease.   Ref.  Fabbri LM, Luppi F, Rabe KF. Complex chronic co-morbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008; 31: 204–12.