tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Campbell’s operative orthopaedics, 10th ed (4 vols)
Authors: P McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

If you have a burning desire to respond to a paper published in BJSM, why not make use of our ''rapid response'' option?Log onto our website (www.bjsportmed.com), find the paper that interests you, and send your response via email by clicking on the ''eLetters'' option in the box at the top right hand corner.Providing it isn't libellous or obscene, it will be posted within seven days.You can retrieve it by clicking on ''read eLetters'' on our homepage. Mandatory wearing of helmets for elite cyclists: new perspectives in prevention of head injuriesCycling related injuries, especially those to the head, are common causes of morbidity, death, and disability and could largely be prevented by the proper use of hard shell helmets. 1 2 Unfortunately, obvious evidence is often not acknowledged, and the use of such a valuable preventive measure has been too long ignored.Media coverage of elite competitions, showing most athletes racing without helmets, has unfavourably influenced amateur and young cyclists for a long time.However, owing to the progressive increase in severe and fatal injuries, especially involving elite cyclists, and the evidence that the outcome of most of these tragedies might have been prevented, 1 2 the International Cycling Union announced that, from 5 May 2003, it is mandatory to wear a hard shell helmet in elite men's events for classes 4 and above.This decision was taken in agreement with the Professional Riders Association, who supported the initiative despite some internal differences of opinion.Images transmitted world wide during the 2003 Tour de France, a sporting event second in popularity only to the Olympics, are encouraging, showing all athletes wearing helmets throughout most of the race.This is a valuable message for both amateur cyclists and adolescents, as awareness is often more productive than restrictive measures.In addition, individual persuasion to wear helmets does not have the side effect of reducing the incentive to do cycling.Less cycling, in reaction to restrictive legislation, may counterbalance the beneficial effects on head injury prevention, as regular recreational aerobic activity, such as cycling, has manifest benefits on health, preventing the development of chronic disorders, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, depression, and cancer.
Rotator cuff tendinopathy/subacromial impingement syndrome: is it time for a new method of assessment?
Authors: J S Lewis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Disorders of the shoulder are extremely common, with reports of prevalence ranging from 30% of people experiencing shoulder pain at some stage of their lives up to 50% of the population experiencing at least one episode of shoulder pain annually. In addition to the high incidence, shoulder dysfunction is often persistent and recurrent, with 54% of sufferers reporting ongoing symptoms after 3 years. To a large extent the substantial morbidity reflects (i) a current lack of understanding of the pathoaetiology, (ii) a lack of diagnostic accuracy in the assessment process, and (iii) inadequacies in current intervention techniques. Pathology of the rotator cuff and subacromial bursa is considered to be the principal cause of pain and symptoms arising from the shoulder. Generally these diagnostic labels relate more to a clinical hypothesis as to the underlying cause of the symptoms than to definitive evidence of the histological basis for the diagnosis or the correlation between structural failure and symptoms. Diagnosing rotator cuff tendinopathy or subacromial impingement syndrome currently involves performing a structured assessment that includes taking the patient's history in conjunction with performing clinical assessment procedures that generally involve tests used to implicate an isolated structure. Based on the response to the clinical tests, a diagnosis of rotator cuff tendinopathy or subacromial impingement syndrome is achieved. The clinical diagnosis is strengthened with the findings from supporting investigations such as blood tests, radiographs, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed axial tomography (CT), radionucleotide isotope scan, single photon emission computed tomography, electromyography, nerve conduction and diagnostic analgesic injection. This process eventually results in the formation of a clinical hypothesis, and then, in conjunction with the patient, a management plan is decided upon and implemented. This paper focuses on the dilemmas associated with the current process, and an alternative method for the clinical examination of the shoulder for this group of patients is proposed.
Caecal intubation rates and colonoscopy competency
Authors: Mark Benson, Michael Lucey, Patrick Pfau
Journal: Gut (2014)

A recent study by Ward et al 1 elegantly highlighted the steep and long learning curve for novice endoscopists to achieve competency in colonoscopy. In the study, they acquired data from the Joint Advisory Group (JAG) e-portfolio database which includes procedural outcomes from all training centres in the UK. The aim of the study was to establish the number of colonoscopies to be completed to achieve competency, defined as a caecal intubation rate (CIR) of ≥90%. They found that the endoscopy trainees obtained a CIR of ≥90% at 233 colonoscopies. The authors should be congratulated on a study that is by far the largest (over 36 000 colonoscopies and 300 trainees) on learning colonoscopy and achieving competency. Based on this study, it should be …
Circulatory and Humoral Changes in the Reversal of Renovascular Hypertension in Sheep by Unclipping the Renal Artery
Authors: J. W. FUNDER, J. R. BLAIR-WEST, M. C. CAIN, K. J. CATT, J. P. COGHLAN, D. A. DENTON, J. F. NELSON, B. A. SCOGGINS, R. D. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The renal arterial clip was removed from 11 sheep with chronic experimental renovascular hypertension (previous unilateral nephrectomy, unilateral renal arterial constriction for 3 to 8 weeks, blood pressure elevated and stable). In five animals cardiac output, blood volume, plasma [Na + ], and plasma renin concentration were measured the day before, 1 day after, and 4 days after unclipping. In the other six animals, plasma [Na + ], plasma renin concentration, and blood angiotensin concentration were determined before and after unclipping. After unclipping, blood pressure returned to normal levels in 24 to 96 hours; cardiac output and blood volume were essentially unaltered during the period of observation. No natriuresis was seen, nor any change in plasma [Na + ], plasma renin concentration, or blood angiotensin concentration, which remained within the appropriate normal ranges throughout. Nephrectomy of five similarly hypertensive animals, and six previously unilaterally nephrectomized normotensive sheep, was performed as a control. Variables similar to those measured before and after unclipping were determined at similar time intervals. The second nephrectomy of hypertensive animals was followed by maintained hypertension; and of normotensive animals by maintained normotension. The role of the kidney in the maintenance and reversal of chronic experimental renovascular hypertension is evaluated in the light of these results.
Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau due to oral terbinafine
Authors: F. Nishiwaki, Y. Matsumura, N. Morita, S. Kore-Eda, Y. Miyachi, M. Omoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau due to oral terbinafine Get access F. Nishiwaki, F. Nishiwaki Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara‐cho, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Matsumura, Y. Matsumura Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara‐cho, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Morita, N. Morita Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara‐cho, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Kore‐Eda, S. Kore‐Eda Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara‐cho, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Miyachi, Y. Miyachi Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara‐cho, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Omoto M. Omoto Department of Dermatology, Hikone Municipal Hospital, 1882 Yasaka‐cho, Hikone‐city, Shiga 522‐8539, Japan E‐mail: fuyuko@kuhp.kyoto‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 1073–1074, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08184.x Published: 01 November 2007
Topical retinoids in the management of photodamaged skin: from theory to evidence-based practical approach
Authors: R. Darlenski, C. Surber, J.W. Fluhr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Skin, being exposed directly to the environment, represents a unique model for demonstrating the synergistic effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the ageing process. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the major factor among exogenous stressors responsible for premature skin ageing. The problem of skin ageing has captured public attention and has an important social impact. Different therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat cutaneous ageing and to diminish or prevent the negative effects of UVR. Topical retinoids represent an important and powerful class of molecules in the dermatologist's hands for the treatment of photodamaged skin. Since their introduction more than 20 years ago, topical retinoids have shown beneficial efficacy and good safety profiles in the management of photodamaged skin, and as therapeutic anti-ageing agents. This review provides a brief retrospective of the development of topical retinoids in the treatment of photodamaged skin, elucidates their mechanism of action, delineates their use and addresses clinical, pharmaceutical and regulatory issues in connection with their intended use.
Upregulation of the apelin–APJ pathway promotes neointima formation in the carotid ligation model in mouse
Authors: Yoko Kojima, Ramendra K. Kundu, Christopher M. Cox, Nicholas J. Leeper, Joshua A. Anderson, Hyung J. Chun, Ziad A. Ali, Euan A. Ashley, Paul A. Krieg, Thomas Quertermous
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

To investigate apelin–APJ (angiotensin receptor- like 1) signalling in vascular remodelling, we have examined the pathophysiological response to carotid ligation in apelin knockout mice. Apelin null animals compared with wild-type mice had significantly decreased neointimal lesion area (1.17 ± 0.17 vs. 3.33 ± 1.04 × 104 μm2, P < 0.05) and intima/media ratio (0.81 ± 0.23 vs. 1.49 ± 0.44, P < 0.05), averaged over four sites 0.5–2 mm from the ligation. Exogenous apelin infusion rescued the apelin-KO phenotype, promoting neointima formation in the null animals. Apelin null animals showed decreased smooth muscle positive area in the neointima (82.3 ± 2.4 vs. 63.9 ± 8.4, P < 0.05), and a smaller percentage BrdU positive cells in the neointima and media (11.06 ± 1.00 vs. 6.53 ± 0.86, P < 0.05). Apelin mRNA expression increased initially (5.2-fold, P < 0.01) followed by increased apelin receptor expression (10.1-fold, P < 0.05) in the ligated artery. Cytochemistry studies localized apelin expression to luminal endothelial cells and apelin receptor upregulation to smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the media and neointima. In vitro experiments with cultured rat aortic SMC revealed that apelin stimulation increased migration. In contrast to the increased expression of apelin and apelin receptor in carotid remodelling, expression was not upregulated in the apoE high fat model, and correlated with the known disease-inhibitory effect in this model. These data suggest that increased apelin receptor expression by SMC provides a paracrine pathway in injured vessels that allows endothelial-derived apelin to stimulate their division and migration into the neointima.
Lessons of our fathers
Authors: Jonathan Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

First, let me begin by apologizing to Beth McNally, our vice president, to my mother and to my wife, and to all the other women who may be offended by the title of my talk today. I mean no insult or discrimination. Rather, I chose this title because I would like to dedicate my comments to the memory of my own father, Franklin Epstein (Figure ​(Figure1),1), who was a long-standing member of these associations. Over more than 50 years, I don’t believe he ever missed a meeting, and I grew up hearing the stories from Atlantic City and even visiting there myself as a child. My father was vice president of the ASCI in 1970 during the tumultuous days of Vietnam and stood at this podium when a vote was taken to denounce the war. He was on the editorial board of the JCI, and I note that his certificate for that service was signed by Paul Marks, the ASCI president in 1972 and the father of this year’s Korsmeyer Award winner, Andy Marks. My father was sitting here in the audience three years ago when my election to the vice presidency was made public (Figure ​(Figure2);2); he had been too polite to ask me or anyone else about the result of the ballot before it was publicly announced, and I had been too preoccupied to tell him that I had been elected. I will not soon forget the proud look in his eye, and I regret deeply that he did not survive long enough to join us today.
Evidence of dysregulation of dendritic cells in primary HIV infection
Authors: Rachel Lubong Sabado, Meagan O'Brien, Abhignya Subedi, Li Qin, Nan Hu, Elizabeth Taylor, Oliver Dibben, Andrea Stacey, Jacques Fellay, Kevin V. Shianna, Frederick Siegal, Michael Shodell, Kokila Shah, Marie Larsson, Jeffrey Lifson, Arthur Nadas, Michael Marmor, Richard Hutt, David Margolis, Donald Garmon, Martin Markowitz, Fred Valentine, Persephone Borrow, Nina Bhardwaj
Journal: Blood (2010)
Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of midclavicular fractures in athletes
Authors: A Jubel, J Andemahr, H Bergmann, A Prokop, K E Rehm
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Background: Intramedullary fixation of midclavicular fractures may be a better option than non-operative treatment for high performance/professional athletes because of the potential reduction in recovery time. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of intramedullary fixation in high performance athletes and the time required to return to sporting activity. Methods: Data were taken from a prospective study on intramedullary fixation techniques using the elastic stable Ti nail (TEN, Synthes) for the treatment of displaced midclavicular fractures, initiated in 1996. The patients in 12 cases were classified as high performance/professional athletes. These cases were used to evaluate the technique specifically in this population. Fractures were classified according to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) system. Patients were evaluated before and after surgery for shoulder function and subjective pain. After the operation, radiological assessments documented fracture healing, and clinical outcomes scores were obtained. Time required to return to training and competition was documented. Results: All fractures were transverse or oblique. Mean (SD) shoulder abduction increased from 36.3 (8)° before surgery to 154.2 (17)° afterwards (p&lt;0.001). Mean subjective pain score using a visual analogue scale (0–100) decreased from 71.7 (18) points before surgery to 19.2 (6) points (p&lt;0.001) three days after. There were no complications. Hospital stay averaged 2.9 (1) days. Mean delay to resumption of training was 5.9 (1) days, and to resumption of competition it was 16.8 (5) days. The mean Constant clinical outcomes score one year after hardware removal was 98.3 (2) points. Conclusions: Intramedullary fixation of displaced midclavicular fracture was successful in terms of clinical outcome and rapid resumption of sporting activities. This treatment should be offered to athletes as an alternative to non-operative treatment.
Synthesis and secretion of alpha2-macroglobulin by cultured human fibroblasts.
Authors: D F Mosher, D A Wing
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The following observations indicate that cultured human WI-38 fibroblasts synthesize and secrete alpha2-macroglobulin into serum-free medium: (a) after incubation of cultures with [35S]L-methionine, a labeled protein appeared in the medium which was precipitated by antiserum directed against alpha2-macroglobulin; (b) after incubation of cultures with [35S]L-methionine, a major band of radioactivity detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins in medium co-migrated with alpha2-macroglobulin; and (c) the amount of alpha2-macroblobulin in the medium, estimated both functionally and immunologically, increased with time in normal but not not puromycin-treated cultures.
Case Management for Depression by Health Care Assistants in Small Primary Care Practices
Authors: Jochen Gensichen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Case management by health care assistants in small primary care practices provides unclear benefit for improving depression symptoms. Objective: To determine whether case management provided by health care assistants in small primary care practices is more effective than usual care in improving depression symptoms and process of care for patients with major depression. Design: Cluster randomized, controlled trial. A central automated system generated the randomization scheme, which was stratified by urban and rural practices; allocation sequence was concealed until groups were assigned. Setting: 74 small primary care practices in Germany from April 2005 to September 2007. Patients: 626 patients age 18 to 80 years with major depression. Intervention: Structured telephone interview to monitor depression symptoms and support for adherence to medication, with feedback to the family physician. Measurements: Depression symptoms at 12 months, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); secondary outcomes were patient assessment of chronic illness care, adherence to medication, and quality of life. Results: A total of 310 patients were randomly assigned to case management and 316 to usual care. At 12 months, 249 intervention recipients and 278 control patients were assessed; 555 patients were included in a modified intention-to-treat-analysis (267 intervention recipients vs. 288 control patients). Compared with control patients, intervention recipients had lower mean PHQ-9 values in depression symptoms (−1.41 [95% CI, −2.49 to −0.33]; P = 0.014), more favorable assessments of care (3.41 vs. 3.11; P = 0.011), and increased treatment adherence (2.70 vs. 2.53; P = 0.042). Quality-of-life scores did not differ between groups. Limitation: Patients, health care assistants, family physicians, and researchers were not blinded to group assignment, and 12-month follow-up of patients was incomplete. Conclusion: Case management provided by primary care practice–based health care assistants may reduce depression symptoms and improve process of care for patients with major depression more than usual care. Primary Funding Source: German Ministry of Education and Research.
BCG protects against tuberculosis irrespective of HIV status: a matched case-control study in Mwanza, Tanzania: Table 1
Authors: Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, Nyagosya Range, George PrayGod, Kidola Jeremiah, Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Martine G Aabye, Harleen M S Grewal, John Changalucha, Daniel R Witte, Aase B Andersen, Henrik Friis
Journal: Thorax (2012)

While BCG vaccine protects against severe tuberculosis (TB) in children, its effect against adult TB is questionable. Furthermore, it is not known if HIV co-infection modifies the effect of BCG. Among 352 pairs of Tanzanian TB cases and matched controls, the BCG scar was associated with a reduced risk of TB (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.7, p=0.005), irrespective of HIV status (interaction, p=0.623). BCG vaccination considerably reduced the risk of TB, both among individuals with and without HIV infection.
Phosphatase inhibitor-1-deficient mice are protected from catecholamine-induced arrhythmias and myocardial hypertrophy
Authors: Ali El-Armouche, Katrin Wittköpper, Franziska Degenhardt, Florian Weinberger, Michael Didié, Ivan Melnychenko, Michael Grimm, Micha Peeck, Wolfram H. Zimmermann, Bernhard Unsöld, Gerd Hasenfuss, Dobromir Dobrev, Thomas Eschenhagen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Phosphatase inhibitor-1 (I-1) is a conditional amplifier of β-adrenergic signalling downstream of protein kinase A by inhibiting type-1 phosphatases only in its PKA-phosphorylated form. I-1 is downregulated in failing hearts and thus contributes to β-adrenergic desensitization. It is unclear whether this should be viewed as a predominantly adverse or protective response. We generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific I-1 overexpression (I-1-TG) and evaluated cardiac function and responses to catecholamines in mice with targeted disruption of the I-1 gene (I-1-KO). Both groups were compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. I-1-TG developed cardiac hypertrophy and mild dysfunction which was accompanied by a substantial compensatory increase in PP1 abundance and activity, confounding cause–effect relationships. I-1-KO had normal heart structure with mildly reduced sensitivity, but unchanged maximal contractile responses to β-adrenergic stimulation, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, I-1-KO were partially protected from lethal catecholamine-induced arrhythmias and from hypertrophy and dilation induced by a 7 day infusion with the β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline. Moreover, I-1-KO exhibited a partially preserved acute β-adrenergic response after chronic isoprenaline, which was completely absent in similarly treated WT. At the molecular level, I-1-KO showed lower steady-state phosphorylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase-regulating protein phospholamban. These alterations may lower the propensity for diastolic Ca2+ release and Ca2+ uptake and thus stabilize the SR and account for the protection. Taken together, loss of I-1 attenuates detrimental effects of catecholamines on the heart, suggesting I-1 downregulation in heart failure as a beneficial desensitization mechanism and I-1 inhibition as a potential novel strategy for heart failure treatment.