tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: respiratory symptoms.
Authors: D W Dockery, J Cunningham, A I Damokosh, L M Neas, J D Spengler, P Koutrakis, J H Ware, M Raizenne, F E Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

We examined the respiratory health effects of exposure to acidic air pollution among 13,369 white children 8 to 12 years old from 24 communities in the United States and Canada between 1988 and 1991. Each child's parent or guardian completed a questionnaire. Air quality and meteorology were measured in each community for a 1-year period. We used a two-stage logistic regression model to analyze the data, adjusting for the potential confounding effects of sex, history of allergies, parental asthma, parental education, and current smoking in the home. Children living in the community with the highest levels of particle strong acidity were significantly more likely [odds ratio (OR) = 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.48] to report at least one episode of bronchitis in the past year compared to children living in the least-polluted community. Fine particulate sulfate was also associated with higher reporting of bronchitis (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.12-2.42). No other respiratory symptoms were significantly higher in association with any of the air pollutants of interest. No sensitive subgroups were identified. Reported bronchitis, but neither asthma, wheeze, cough, nor phlegm, were associated with levels of particle strong acidity for these children living in a nonurban environment.
Mumps Epididymo-orchitis
Authors: Richards P. Lyon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE CLINICAL course of mumps epididymo-orchitis is extremely variable. Severe pain and gross scrotal swelling usually occur unilaterally approximately three days to one week after the symptoms of parotitis have disappeared. Although swelling and pain may persist for as long as three weeks, a mild case of mumps epididymo-orchitis will last only three to four days. Body temperatures may range as high as 106 F (41.1 C). Varying degrees of testicular atrophy result in at least 30% of these cases, although no direct relationship has been seen between the intensity of the symptoms and the degree or frequency of atrophy. Bilateral atrophy is extremely rare; in such cases hormonal activity is usually preserved by the rugged Sertoli's cells. Because of these many variables in the course of mumps epididymo-orchitis, the effectiveness of various forms of therapy is difficult to assess. Diethylstilbestrol appears to be of no value therapeutically; it may
Hepcidin in iron overload disorders
Authors: George Papanikolaou, Michalis Tzilianos, John I. Christakis, Dionisios Bogdanos, Konstantina Tsimirika, Julie MacFarlane, Y. Paul Goldberg, Nikos Sakellaropoulos, Tomas Ganz, Elizabeta Nemeth
Journal: Blood (2005)
Shortening Medical Education—Reply
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unique Role of Dystroglycan in Peripheral Nerve Myelination, Nodal Structure, and Sodium Channel Stabilization
Authors: Fumiaki Saito, Steven A Moore, Rita Barresi, Michael D Henry, Albee Messing, Susan E Ross-Barta, Ronald D Cohn, Roger A Williamson, Kathleen A Sluka, Diane L Sherman, Peter J Brophy, James D Schmelzer, Phillip A Low, Lawrence Wrabetz, M.Laura Feltri, Kevin P Campbell
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia by Modifying Shear Stress–Responsive Gene Expression in Hypercholesterolemic Pigs
Authors: Yan Zhang, Xiaohong He, Xiaolin Chen, Hong Ma, Donghong Liu, Jinyun Luo, Zhimin Du, Yafei Jin, Yan Xiong, Jiangui He, Dianqiu Fang, Kuijian Wang, William E. Lawson, John C.K. Hui, Zhensheng Zheng, Guifu Wu
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a circulation assist device that may improve endothelial dysfunction by increasing shear stress. Chronic exposure of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to relatively high physiological shear stress has antiproliferative and vasoprotective effects. The present study hypothesizes that EECP inhibits intimal hyperplasia and atherogenesis by modifying shear stress-responsive gene expression.Thirty-five male pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups: high-cholesterol diet (n=11), high-cholesterol diet plus EECP (n=17), and usual diet (control; n=7). The coronary arteries and aortas were collected for histopathological study and immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. The peak diastolic arterial wall shear stress during EECP increased significantly compared with before EECP (49.62+/-10.71 versus 23.92+/-7.28 dyne/cm2; P<0.001). Intimal hyperplasia was observed in the coronary arteries of the high-cholesterol diet group, whereas in animals receiving EECP, the intima-to-media area ratio was significantly decreased by 41.59% (21.27+/-10.00% versus 36.41+/-16.69%; P=0.008). Hypercholesterolemia attenuated the protein expression of endothelial NO synthase and enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2. EECP treatment alleviated these adverse changes.EECP reduces hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial damage, arrests vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, decreases proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferative index, suppresses extracellular matrix formation, and eventually inhibits intimal hyperplasia and the development of atherosclerosis by increasing the arterial wall shear stress, which in turn activates the endothelial NO synthase/NO pathway and probably suppresses extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 overactivation.
Changes in Methadone Treatment Practices
Authors: Thomas D'Aunno, Harold A. Pollack
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextResults from several studies conducted in the early 1990s showed that the majority of US methadone maintenance programs did not use treatment practices that met established standards for the care of heroin users.Effective treatment for heroin users is critical given the upsurge in heroin use and the continued role of injection drug use in the human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C epidemics.Objectives To examine the extent to which US methadone maintenance treatment programs have made changes in the past 12 years to provide adequate methadone doses and to identify factors associated with variation in program performance. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProgram directors and clinical supervisors of nationally representative methadone treatment programs that varied by ownership (forprofit, public, or private not-for-profit) and setting (eg, free-standing, hospital-based) were surveyed in 1988 (n=172), 1990 (n=140), 1995 (n=116), and 2000 (n=150). Main Outcome MeasuresPercentage of patients in each treatment program receiving methadone dosages of less than 40, 60, and 80 mg/d. ResultsThe percentage of patients receiving methadone dosage levels less than the recommended 60 mg/d has decreased from 79.5% in 1988 to 35.5% in 2000.Results also show that programs with a greater percentage of African American patients are especially likely to dispense low dosages, while programs with Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations accreditation are more likely to provide adequate methadone doses.Conclusions Efforts to improve methadone treatment practices appear to be making progress, but many patients are still receiving substandard care.
Patient preferences for psychological support in inflammatory arthritis: a multicentre survey
Authors: Emma Dures, Celia Almeida, Judy Caesley, Alice Peterson, Nicholas Ambler, Marianne Morris, Jon Pollock, Sarah Hewlett
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Inflammatory arthritis (IA) can lead to anxiety, depression, pain and fatigue. Psychological support can improve quality of life and self-management; and European and American guidelines recommend support be offered. This study examined patient views on psychological support for their IA. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire designed by researchers, patient partners and clinicians was administered to 2280 patients with IA. <h3>Results</h3> 1210 patients responded (53%): 74% women; mean age 59 years (SD 12.7); patient global 5 (2.3); disease duration &lt;5 years (41%), 5–10 (20%), &gt;10 (39%). Only 23% reported routinely being asked about social and emotional issues by a rheumatology professional, but 46% would like the opportunity to discuss psychological impact. If offered, 66% of patients reported they would use a self-management/coping clinic (63% pain management, 60% occupational therapy, 48% peer support groups, 46% patient education, 46% psychology/counselling). Patients want support with managing the impact of pain and fatigue (82%), managing emotions (57%), work and leisure (52%), relationships (37%) and depression (34%). Preferences are for support to be delivered by the rheumatology team (nurse 74%, doctor 55%) and general practitioners (GPs) (51%). Only 6% of patients stated that social and emotional issues were not relevant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Demand for psychological support is high; however, less than a quarter of patients reported being asked about social and emotional issues, suggesting a gap between needs and provision. The preference is for delivery from rheumatology clinicians and GPs, and research should establish whether they have the skills and resources to meet patients' needs.
Influence of vitamin D receptor genotype on bone mass changes after renal transplantation
Authors: Armando Torres, Manuel Machado, María T. Concepción, Natalia Martín, Víctor Lorenzo, Domingo Hernández, Aurelio P. Rodríguez, Antonio Rodríguez, Eduardo de Bonis, José M. González-Posada, Alexis Hernández, Eduardo Salido
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Giant Cutaneous Horn
Authors: Howard Semins
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Cutaneous horns are superficial skin lesions projecting perpendicularly from the surface and rarely exceeding 1 to 2 cm in length. Our patient presented with a projection that is among the largest reported. Although this lesion was growing on a benign base, it is important for the physician to be informed about cutaneous horns because of their occasional occurrence on a malignant base. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 69-year-old male Negro appeared at the surgical clinic of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital with a 5-year slowly increasing growth on the skin of the left arm. The patient gave no history of a previous lesion at that site and had no symptomatic complaints. The lesion was excised with the patient under local anesthesia, including a 1-cm margin of normal skin surrounding the base. The horn (Fig 1) measured 1.4 cm in diameter and 7.1 cm in length. It was hard,
Effects of strophanthidin on intracellular Ca2+concentration and cellular morphology of guinea pig myocytes
Authors: H. MIYATA, H. HAYASHI, A. KOBAYASHI, N. YAMAZAKI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article Effects of strophanthidin on intracellular Ca2+concentration and cellular morphology of guinea pig myocytes Get access HARUO MIYATA, HARUO MIYATA From the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr Haruo Miyata, the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handa-cho 3600, Hamamatsu 431-31, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HIDEHARU HAYASHI, HIDEHARU HAYASHI From the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar AKIRA KOBAYASHI, AKIRA KOBAYASHI From the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NOBORU YAMAZAKI NOBORU YAMAZAKI From the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 5, May 1989, Pages 378–384, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.5.378 Published: 01 May 1989 Article history Accepted: 29 November 1988 Published: 01 May 1989
ROLE OF EXTRAPULMONARY CONVERSION IN MEDIATING THE SYSTEMIC PRESSOR ACTIVITY OF ANGIOTENSIN I
Authors: Helen F. Oates, Gordon S. Stokes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The effect of antibodies against angiotensin II (AII) on systemic pressor responses to intravenously injected AII and angiotensin I (AI) was studied in a group of bioassay rats. AII antibody was only 29% as effective in neutralizing AI given intravenously as it was in neutralizing AII injected by the same route. Control plasma caused no change in the relative potencies of AI and AII. In a further series of experiments, AII antibody was significantly less effective in blocking intra-arterial AI than in blocking intravenous AI. The potency of intra-arterial AI, initially less than that of intravenous AI, became nearly twice that of intravenous AI after antibody administration, a result which could not occur if AI were inactive before lung transit. Thus, AI can elicit systemic pressor activity independently of pulmonary conversion to AII. However, since the intra-arterial AI responses were abolished by an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, the activity would appear to be mediated by peripheral conversion to AII rather than by an intrinsic action of the decapeptide. Both series of experiments suggest that the efficacy of AII antibody in abolishing the systemic pressor activity of AI is highly dependent on the site of conversion of the AI to AII. The occurrence of localized intramural conversion of AI to AII near arteriolar receptors in vivo may so minimize exposure of the liberated AII to circulating antibody as to render AII immunization an inefficient means of blocking endogenous pressor activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
Brain-Dead and Pregnant in Texas
Authors: Thomas Wm. Mayo
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

When a Texas hospital continued ventilator support for a pregnant patient who met the neurological criteria for the determination of death, it acted against the wishes of the patient‘s husband and other family members. The hospital stated that its treatment decision was required under the Texas Advance Directives Act, in particular the “pregnancy exclusion” that instructs providers to continue life-sustaining treatment as long as the patient is pregnant, notwithstanding contrary instructions in the patient‘s living will or from the patient‘s surrogate decision-maker. Contrary to the hospital‘s stated position, however, neither the literal words of the pregnancy exclusion nor the Advance Directives Act read as a whole requires continued ventilator support once a pregnant patient is determined to be brain dead.
Sodium Metabolism in Disease
Authors: C J Dickinson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Research in the field of sodium metabolism has expanded very greatly in the past twenty years with the discovery of aldosterone and the elucidation of the renin-angiotensin system.Simultaneously, micropuncture studies have focused attention on renal tubular factors in water and sodium transport.This monograph provides a most welcome summary of this complex subject for the postgraduate student of medicine and, with its 1750 or so references, a most useful guide for those beginning research in the field.The author has naturally had to exercise selection in his choice of references, but he has managed to include much of the important original works as well as very recent studies.The style is clear and readily comprehended by the non-specialist reader.This is not a book for the house officer looking for a quick solution to a practical problem and, indeed, very
Abstract 4884: Determination of sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in tissue interstitial fluid and lymphatic fluid utilizing novel collection techniques
Authors: Masayuki Nagahashi, Akimitsu Yamada, Hiroshi Miyazaki, Jeremy C. Allegood, Tomoyoshi Aoyagi, Wei-Ching Huang, Krista P. Terracina, Sheldon Milstien, Sarah Spiegel, Kazuaki Takabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator that regulates many processes of cancer progression including angiogenesis. Among the two sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2), S1P generated by SphK1 inside cells is secreted and exerts its functions by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors outside the cells. It is known that S1P levels in circulation of SphK1-/- mice are low and SphK2 -/- mice are high compared from controls. Utilizing SphK2 -/- mice, we have recently reported that S1P links inflammation and cancer in colitis-associated colon cancer. Further, we have shown that secreted S1P plays critical roles in tumor microenvironment by stimulating both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Although it is well established that S1P plays important roles in lymphatic fluid and interstitial fluid (IF), no methodology has been available to date to measure S1P levels in those fluid. Here we introduce for the first time the newly developed methods and measurements of levels of sphingolipids including S1P in IF and lymphatic fluid in both SphK1 -/- and SphK2 -/- mice. We found that S1P levels in the lymphatic fluid and IF are generally low in SphK1-/- mice and high in SphK2-/- mice. Interestingly, however, S1P levels in IF of the colon in SphK2-/- mice are significantly lower compared with wild type mice, where levels in downstream mesenteric lymph nodes and lymphatic fluid are higher, which is in agreement with the previous notion that lymphatic endothelial cells contribute to the S1P levels in the lymphatic fluid. Measurement of sphingolipids in IF and lymphatic fluid will provide new insights into mechanism of their actions in lymphatic progression of cancer. M.N. is a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellow. S.S. is supported by NIH R37GM043880, and K.T. by NIH R01CA160688 and Susan G. Komen IIR 1222224. Citation Format: Masayuki Nagahashi, Akimitsu Yamada, Hiroshi Miyazaki, Jeremy C. Allegood, Tomoyoshi Aoyagi, Wei-Ching Huang, Krista P. Terracina, Sheldon Milstien, Sarah Spiegel, Kazuaki Takabe. Determination of sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in tissue interstitial fluid and lymphatic fluid utilizing novel collection techniques. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4884. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4884
Evaluation of a catheter technique for ablation of accessory pathways near the coronary sinus using a canine model.
Authors: R Brodman, J D Fisher
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The production of atrioventricular block by intracardiac discharges at up to 300 W-sec delivered through standard electrophysiologic catheters is a safe and effective treatment for some patients with supraventricular tachycardias.We evaluated the possibility that a similar technique using a catheter in the coronary sinus might be useful in ablating left-sided bypass tracts associated with the Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome.Acute studies involved one discharge of 35-45 J in the coronary sinus of five dogs; a sixth dog served as a control.These dogs were killed after 6 hours of observation, during which they remained stable.Two and three discharges of 240 J were used in two dogs and caused profound local damage, including exsanguinat- ing hemorrhage in one.Chronic experiments also were conducted.Sixteen dogs received one to four 35-45-J discharges in the middle coronary sinus and two dogs received four 240-J discharges near the ostium of the coronary sinus.One dog suffered a small perforation of the coronary sinus; there was no significant hemorrhage, and the perforation was promptly sealed by thrombus formation.There were no clinical complications.All dogs recovered uneventfully and regained their usual vigor.Before sacrifice 2-11 weeks later, cardiac catheter- ization, including coronary arteriography, biplane left ventricular angiography and pressure measure- ments, was performed; the results were normal in each dog.Gross and microscopic examination revealed fibrosis in the atrioventricular sulcus and atrial wall, and preservation of normal coronary anatomy in all but three dogs.The extent and distribution of the fibrosis suggested the possibility of adapting this technique for the ablation of left-sided bypass tracts in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Smoking and the Lung
Authors: Wm. Michael Foster
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>Smoking and the Lung</i>, coedited by G. Cumming and G. Bonsignore, is a collection of 24 reports on the health effects of cigarette smoking presented at the Seventh Course of the International School of Thoracic Medicine, held in October 1983. The symposium was attended by international scientists; a large proportion were from the British Isles (60% of the chapter authors). The papers were presented in a symposium format, and each presentation, with figures and tables, is the basis for a separate chapter of the book. Following each chapter is the edited discussion that transpired between the presenter and other members of the symposium. An index to the volume is also included. Although cigarette smoking is recognized as a respiratory irritant and its effects on lung secretions and lung cells have been studied and extensively reported on for both animal models and humans, this book is a refreshing presentation of both
Spontaneous Transition of an Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Adenoma to Graves’ Disease
Authors: Srinivas Bommireddipalli, Ramesh Gadiraju, Gordon E. DePuey
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report a case of a 57-year-old postmenopausal woman with an autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma spontaneously developing Graves' disease (GD) as documented by I-123 scintigraphy. To date, anecdotal case reports citing the progression of an autonomous nodule to GD have documented either a major thyroidal insult, spontaneous or therapeutic, or the activation of thyroid tissue by circulating thyroid stimulating IgG, with variable progression characteristics. In contradiction to the proposed inciting factors, our patient underwent a minimally invasive fine needle aspiration biopsy followed by suppressive pharmacotherapy. Her antithyroid antibody assay detected low titers of thyroperoxidase antibody (<10 U/mL). We conclude that this is a rare case of autonomously functioning adenoma where neither significant thyroid tissue damage nor the presence of thyroid stimulating IgG can be implicated as an inciting trigger in its progression to GD.