tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Officials raise questions over cost of Scotland's free public services
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Questions are being asked in Scotland about the affordability of universal benefits such as free prescriptions, support for elderly people, and university tuition fees.

The Labour party has set up a commission to investigate the issue after its Scottish leader, Johann Lamont, attacked the creation of a “something for nothing” society where even rich people are provided with free services.

The Scottish National Party, which has a majority in the Scottish parliament, has rejected the criticisms, arguing that Scotland can afford these services and that its changes to the way services …
Local expression of transgene encoded TNF alpha in islets prevents autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice by preventing the development of auto-reactive islet-specific T cells.
Authors: I S Grewal, K D Grewal, F S Wong, D E Picarella, C A Janeway, R A Flavell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Lately, TNF alpha has been the focus of studies of autoimmunity; its role in the progression of autoimmune diabetes is, however, still unclear. To analyze the effects of TNF alpha in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we have generated nonobese diabetic (NOD) transgenic mice expressing TNF alpha under the control of the rat insulin II promoter (RIP). In transgenic mice, TNF alpha expression on the islets resulted in massive insulitis, composed of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Despite infiltration of considerable number of lymphoid cells in islets, expression of TNF alpha protected NOD mice from IDDM. To determine the mechanism of TNF alpha action, splenic cells from control NOD and RIP-TNF alpha mice were adoptively transferred to NOD-SCID recipients. In contrast to the induction of diabetes by splenic cells from control NOD mice, splenic cells from RIP-TNF alpha transgenic mice did not induce diabetes in NOD-SCID recipients. Diabetes was induced however, in the RIP-TNF alpha transgenic mice when CD8+ diabetogenic cloned T cells or splenic cells from diabetic NOD mice were adoptively transferred to these mice. Furthermore, expression of TNF alpha in islets also downregulated splenic cell responses to autoantigens. These data establish a mechanism of TNF alpha action and provide evidence that local expression of TNF alpha protects NOD mice from autoimmune diabetes by preventing the development of autoreactive islet-specific T cells.
The Evaluation of Galectin-3 Levels in Non-dipper Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Salaheddin Akçay, Ozlem Cakin, Nevin Ilhan, Hatice Kalaycı, Mehmet Ali Kobat, Mehtap Gulger, Veysel Yavuz, Onur Dalgıc, Ali Riza Bilge
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Detection of patients with bundle branch block at risk for nonischemic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Takahisa Yamada, Masatake Fukunami, Masaharu Ohmori, Kazuaki Kumagai, Akihiko Sakai, Nobuhiko Kondch, Tetsuo Minamino, Noritake Hoki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Predictors and effects of alcohol use on liver function among young HCV-infected injection drug users in a behavioral intervention
Authors: Lydia N. Drumright, Holly Hagan, David L. Thomas, Mary H. Latka, Elizabeth T. Golub, Richard S. Garfein, John D. Clapp, Jennifer V. Campbell, Sebastian Bonner, Farzana Kapadia, Thelma King Thiel, Steffanie A. Strathdee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Gene De-Repression
Authors: John H. Frenster, Paul R. Herstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

CELL diversity arises out of cell identity. The myriad of cell types composing an individual all result from the successive divisions of an original cell. A uniform content of DNA in each cell nevertheless results in a disparity of types of RNA, proteins, enzymes and antigens. These are some of the themes and paradoxes underlying current research in the control of gene functions in mammals.The issues may be sharply posed. DNA contains the biochemical information specifying the primary structures of such subsidiary molecules as RNA, proteins, enzymes and antigens, and ultimately of the cells and the organism itself. The . . .
PROTEIN AND PELLAGRA
Authors: Joseph Goldberger
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Permit me to comment briefly on Hindhede's interesting paper "Protein and Pellagra," which appeared inThe Journal, June 9, 1923, p. 1685. In this contribution Hindhede undertakes, he tells us, to "discuss the question: Is the cause of pellagra the lack of animal food?" From his discussion it appears, however, that by "animal food" he really means "animal protein." It also appears that he considers Goldberger and his associates as reprehensible advocates of the view that pellagra is caused by lack of animal protein. Just why Goldberger and his associates are charged with this view of the cause of pellagra he does not state, unless it is because "Goldberger and Tanner, from their observations, conclude that 'the dominating rôle of diet in the prevention and causation of pellagra must be referred primarily to the character of the protein (amino-acid) supply, this being the only other dietary factor
Drug industry protests over need to register trial results
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Drug manufacturers this week expressed their concern about a new requirement of the world’s leading drug trial registry that the outcomes of all clinical trials have to be posted on the register within 12 months of completion of the trial.

Under a US law passed in 2007 ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov), which opened in February 2000, has expanded to include not just the details of trials being set up but also the outcomes of completed trials. The requirement came into effect last September. 

Deborah Zarin, who heads the service at the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), said that more than 71 000 trials had been registered on the site and that about 300 to 350 new trials were coming in each week. Stakeholders aired their concerns about the registry at a meeting …
What is Quality Care?
Authors: Otis R. Bowen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

MY theme today relates to an ageless question in medicine: Just what is quality care? That question has been with us since the Code of Hammurabi was set down. And right here in Boston at the turn of the century, a surgeon named Codman came to grips with it. He said that the way to measure quality is to look at what happens to the patient after treatment.My approach to quality is much like his; when you ask me what quality care is all about, my first instinct is to reply that it is about people. But when you . . .
THE USE OF AN ANTISEPTIC (QUINANIL) WITH PREPARATIONS OF GONADOTROPIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: J. M. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1931)

without adrenaline; the baby is bandaged to Denis Browne's cross, and a dummy dipped in glyceriin is used to soothe it.There is greater responsibility for the surgeon, since, with straiining, sewing may be difficult. ALKALOSIS IN PYLORIC STENOSISThe work of Maizels, McArthur, and Payne2 is of the greatest importance, and has passed almost unnoticed by many.They point out that, with repeated vomiting and loss of hydrochloric acid over a prolonged period, there is a marked tendency for the chloride content of the plasma to be lowered.The almost universal habit of washing out the stomach with a solution of sodium bicarbonate, usually directly before the operation, tends to induce a state of alkalosis.The very familiar picture after operation of slow, gasping respirations, pallor, and collapse, was the direct result of this procedure.With this knowledge, the avoidance of bicarbonate lavage, and the extensive use of saline solution and glucose sub- cutaneously, such a clinical picture has disappeared.
Perinatal Hemochromatosis: One Disease, Several Diseases or A Spectrum?
Authors: Janna Collins, Sidney Goldfischer
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

A clinicopathologic picture of severe neonatal liver disease associated with heavy stainable iron stores in a “hemochromatotic” distribution has been designated as neonatal or perinatal iron storage disease or hemochromatosis. In an attempt to determine the specificity of these findings, we determined the amount and distribution of stainable iron in four groups of autopsied infants: those with severe subacute/chronic liver disease of undetermined etiology, those with subacute/chronic liver disease of known etiology, those with severe acute liver disease, and those with no liver disease. Fourteen of 15 infants with severe subacute/chronic liver disease of unknown etiology showed heavy iron accumulation in a hemochromatotic distribution in more than one organ, in contrast to only one of 37 cases in the other three groups. The findings are compatible with the possibility that the combination of morphologic findings defines a single disease entity (of currently unknown etiology), and also with the possibility that this disease entity is specific only to the extent of establishing a relationship between severe early ( in utero ) liver injury and a hemochromatotic distribution of iron in multiple organs.
Spinal and Peripheral Bone Mineral Densities in Acromegaly: The Effects of Excess Growth Hormone and Hypogonadism
Authors: Terrence Diamond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

To measure spinal and peripheral bone mineral densities in patients with acromegaly.Retrospective study.Tertiary care center.Twenty-four patients with acromegaly and 24 case controls. Seventeen patients (12 eugonadal and 5 hypogonadal) had "active" disease as indicated by elevated plasma concentrations of growth hormone or somatomedin C or both at the time of the study. Seven patients (all hypogonadal) had inactive disease by these criteria.Bone mineral was measured by single photon absorptiometry of the forearm and dual photon absorptiometry of the spine. The forearm bone mineral content of patients with active disease, regardless of gonadal status, was significantly higher than that of normal subjects (P less than 0.001) or of patients with inactive disease (P less than 0.001). The disease "activity" (17.2 +/- 3.7; CI, 9.5 to 24.9) and the sex of the patient (female, -16.6 +/- 3.4; CI, -23.7 to -9.5) were the only independent predictors of forearm measurements. Vertebral bone densities were lower in acromegalic patients than in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). Vertebral values were correlated with the gonadal status of the patients (hypogonadism, -0.126 +/- 0.056; CI, -0.244 to -0.009) and with serum calcium concentrations (0.592 +/- 0.274; CI, 0.032 to 1.153) but not with acromegalic activity. In 13 patients, forearm bone was measured before and after treatment (mean duration of follow-up, 3.4 years). Patients with persistently elevated, plasma somatomedin C concentrations at the end of the study period showed a mean annual increase of 1.5% in forearm measurements during the period of observation, whereas patients with normal concentrations showed a mean annual decrease of 1.0% (P less than 0.01 for the difference between the groups). The percent change in forearm bone mineral content per year (y) was highly correlated with residual somatomedin C activity (x): y = 2.023x - 2.75; r = 0.665.Forearm and vertebral bone mineral measurements change in opposite directions in acromegaly. The high forearm values are attributable to the growth-promoting action of growth hormone and somatomedin C, whereas low vertebral values are associated with hypogonadism.
Clinicopathological characterization of an HIV-2-infected individual with two clonally unrelated primary lymphomas
Authors: Werner Kempf, David H. Margolin, Bruce J. Dezube, Marshall E. Kadin, Norman L. Letvin, Igor J. Koralnik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) is endemic in West Africa and is a causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Only a small number of HIV-2-infected patients have been described in detail. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the second most common neoplasm occurring in HIV-1-infected patients, but its incidence seems to be lower in HIV-2-infected individuals. We report an HIV-2-infected patient from Cape Verde (West Africa) with separate and distinct systemic and primary central nervous system large B-cell lymphomas and review the findings of cases of HIV-2-associated lymphomas reported in the literature. Different clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene could be detected in the two lymphomas of our patient by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. These data indicate the presence of two clonally unrelated large B-cell lymphomas in the same patient, which is an unusual finding. Neither Epstein-Barr virus nor human herpesvirus 8 could be detected in the tumor tissues or the cerebrospinal fluid. HIV-2 infection should be considered in patients with NHL, especially in those from West Africa. Am. J. Hematol. 65:302–306, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bmi1 Promotes Hepatic Stem Cell Expansion and Tumorigenicity in Both Ink4a/Arf -Dependent and -Independent Manners in Mice†
Authors: Tetsuhiro Chiba, Atsuyoshi Seki, Ryutaro Aoki, Hitoshi Ichikawa, Masamitsu Negishi, Satoru Miyagi, Hideyuki Oguro, Atsunori Saraya, Akihide Kamiya, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Osamu Yokosuka, Atsushi Iwama
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract We previously reported that forced expression of Bmi1 (B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 homolog) in murine hepatic stem/progenitor cells purified from fetal liver enhances their self-renewal and drives cancer initiation. In the present study, we examined the contribution of the Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor gene locus, one of the major targets of Bmi1 , to stem cell expansion and cancer initiation. Bmi1 −/− Delta-like protein (Dlk)+ hepatic stem/progenitor cells showed de-repression of the Ink4a/Arf locus and displayed impaired growth activity. In contrast, Ink4a/Arf −/− Dlk+ cells gave rise to considerably larger colonies containing a greater number of bipotent cells than wild-type Dlk+ cells. Although Ink4a/Arf −/− Dlk+ cells did not initiate tumors in recipient nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, enforced expression of Bmi1 in Ink4a/Arf −/− Dlk+ cells further augmented their self-renewal capacity and resulted in tumor formation in vivo . Microarray analyses successfully identified five down-regulated genes as candidate downstream targets for Bmi1 in hepatic stem/progenitor cells. Of these genes, enforced expression of sex determining region Y-box 17 ( Sox17 ) in Dlk+ cells strongly suppressed colony propagation and tumor growth. Conclusion: These results indicate that repression of targets of Bmi1 other than the Ink4a/Arf locus plays a crucial role in the oncogenic transformation of hepatic stem/progenitor cells. Functional analyses of Bmi1 target genes would be of importance to elucidate the molecular machinery underlying hepatic stem cell system and explore therapeutic approaches for the eradication of liver cancer stem cells.
Consider telemedical management
Authors: E. Blozik, C. Sommer-Meyer, M. Cerezo, J. v. Overbeck
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Little and colleagues showed that empirical antibiotic prescription (delayed or immediate) in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UUTI) was effective and safe, comparable to an approach with preceding urine diagnostics.1 

In our centre we use an alternative approach.2 Women aged 18-65 with symptoms of UUTI present for less than seven days and …
Multicomponent criteria for predicting carcinogenicity: dataset of 30 NTP chemicals.
Authors: J Huff, E Weisburger, V A Fung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This article is in response to the challenge issued to the scientific community by the National Toxicology Program to predict the carcinogenicity potential of 30 chemicals previously selected for long-term carcinogenicity testing. Utilizing the available toxicologic, genetic, and structural information on 30 chemicals previously selected for long-term carcinogenicity testing, we predict that 16 chemicals (53%) would induce some indication of carcinogenic activity in rodents; we further predict that 10 chemicals (33%) would be associated with weak or equivocal carcinogenic responses, and another 4 (13%) would give no indication of carcinogenicity. Our level of certainty is indicated for many of these predictions. Nonetheless, we believe that most instances of guessing whether a chemical would eventually induce cancer in experimental animals and hence represent a carcinogenic hazard to humans are fraught with considerable uncertainty: uncertainty that can only be relieved by long-term testing for carcinogenicity in animals or by conducting an epidemiologic investigation of exposed individuals or groups. We further believe that the day may come when our predictive acumen will be upgraded to such an extent that we might eventually obviate cancer testing. Until then, and in the best interests of public health, however, we urge long term testing of chemicals in animals be continued, at increased pace.
Applications of Lewis acids for the efficient syntheses of diltiazem, cephems, and taxoids
Authors: Tomiki Hashiyama
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2000)

An efficient method is described for preparation of diltiazem hydrochloride (Herbesser(R)), a marketed calcium antagonist widely used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. In the reaction of 2-nitrothiophenol (1) with trans-3-phenylglycidic esters (2) carrying various substituents on the benzene ring, both reactivity and stereoselectivity of the oxirane ring-opening of the glycidates were markedly influenced by the electronic nature of the substituents. As a result of our investigation on the catalytic effect of various Lewis acids in the reaction of 2a with 1, tin compounds were found to be effective catalysts for the cis-opening and readily produced the threo-nitro ester (3a-t), a key intermediate for the synthesis of diltiazem. Isolation of the crystalline complex from the reaction of 1 and SnCl(4); and its efficient catalytic activity similar to that of SnCl(4) suggests that the transition state involves co-coordination of tin derivatives both with 1 and the epoxy oxygen of 2a to result in highly specific cis-opening. We have also amplified this chemistry into other fields, leading to applications in the syntheses of cephem and taxoid templates.
Liver disease in adult patients with cystic fibrosis: A frequent and independent prognostic factor associated with death or lung transplantation
Authors: Ariane Chryssostalis, Dominique Hubert, Joël Coste, Reem Kanaan, Pierre-Régis Burgel, Nadine Desmazes-Dufeu, Olivier Soubrane, Daniel Dusser, Philippe Sogni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
THE WORK OF THE TRAINING CAMP AT FORT RILEY
Authors: WILLIAM N. BISPHAM
Journal: JAMA (1918)

After one year of war, it is not necessary to show the reasons for the establishment of training camps for the Medical Department. The need for such training camps was well understood in the Surgeon-General's Office in the beginning, and steps were at once taken which resulted in the formation of three training camps, of which the Fort Riley camp is one. From its inception, it was thought that the proper principle to go on was to make medical officers 100 per cent. military men, and as a result it was considered that the value of their professional ability would be increased materially and that they would be of more value to our government in whatever position they were placed. There has been nothing in the course of months of experience to disabuse our minds of that primary conclusion. The officers leaving these camps after completing their courses have taken
Mortality for paediatric cardiac surgery at Bristol was twice that at other centres
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Death rates in babies less than 1year old having cardiac surgery in the early 1990s at the Bristol Royal Infirmary were about double those in other centres, according to an analysis commissioned by the Bristol inquiry.

Reports of high mortality after paediatric cardiac surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary from 1991 to 1995 led to an independent public inquiry, which was due to publish …
Co-proxamol and suicide: a study of national mortality statistics and local non-fatal self poisonings
Authors: K. Hawton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To examine the incidence of suicides due to co-proxamol compared with tricyclic antidepressants and paracetamol, and to compare fatality rates for self poisonings with these drugs.Analysis of routinely collected national and local data on suicides and self poisonings.Records of suicides in England and Wales 1997-9; non-fatal self poisonings in Oxford District 1997-9.Office for National Statistics and Oxford monitoring system for attempted suicide.Incidence of suicides with co-proxamol or tricyclic antidepressants or paracetamol. Ratios of fatal to non-fatal self poisonings.Co-proxamol alone accounted for 5% of all suicides. Of 4162 drug related suicides, 18% (766) involved co-proxamol alone, 22% (927) tricyclic antidepressants alone, and 9% (368) paracetamol alone. A higher proportion of suicides in the 10-24 year age group were due to co-proxamol than in the other age groups. The odds of dying after overdose with co-proxamol was 2.3 times (95% confidence interval 2.1 to 2.5) that for tricyclic antidepressants and 28.1 times (24.9 to 32.9) that for paracetamol.Self poisoning with co-proxamol is particularly dangerous and contributes substantially to drug related suicides. Restricting availability of co-proxamol could have an important role in suicide prevention.
Protein S and the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: BRIGGS W. MORRISON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1988Protein S and the Nephrotic SyndromeBRIGGS W. MORRISON, M.D.BRIGGS W. MORRISON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-152_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Vigano-D'Angelo and associates (1) present interesting hypotheses on protein S in nephrotic syndrome, but I do not believe their data support their conclusions. The authors state, "decreased protein S activity was caused by significant reductions in free (active) protein S levels. . .due to the selective urinary loss of free protein S and elevation of the C4b-binding protein levels. . . that favors complex formation. . ." I would like to examine these conclusions.First, the authors attempt to demonstrate decreased free protein S levels; they show a statistically significant decrease level of free protein S in...References1. VIGANO-D'ANGELO S, D'ANGELO A, SHOLER C, ESMON C, DORAY D, PATTON D, and ESMON C. An abnormal plasma distribution of protein S occurs in functional protein S deficiency. Blood. 1986;67:504-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WALKER F. Identification of a new protein involved in the regulation of the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C: protein S binding protein. J Biol Chem. 1986;261:10941-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. WALKER F. Identification of a new protein involved in the regulation of the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C: protein S binding protein. J Biol Chem. 1986;261:10941-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BRIGGS W. MORRISON, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAntiphospholipid syndrome: five year follow up.Blood Coagulation and the Nephrotic Syndrome: Deficiency or Excess? 1 January 1988Volume 108, Issue 1 Page: 152-152 Keywords Proteins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...