tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A piece of my mind. Walk with me
Authors: E. Lewin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
693 Manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression protects against hepatic mitochondrial dna depletion after an acute alcohol binge, yet aggravates mitochondrial DNA depletion after chronic alcohol intoxication in mice
Authors: I. Larosche, P. Lettéron, B. Fromenty, A. Abbey-Toby, N. Vadrot, G. Feldmann, H. Van Remmen, A. Richardson, D. Pessayre, A. Mansouri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
809. mda-7 Kills Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Wnt/PI3K Signaling: Identification of IL-20 Receptor-Mediated Bystander Activity Against Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sunil Chada, Dora Bocangel, Ramesh Rajagopal, Elizabeth Grimm, Abner M. Mhashilkar, Mingzhong Zheng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The melanoma differentiation associated gene (mda-7) is a tumor suppressor gene whose normal protein expression is restricted to immune cells and melanocytes. Recent studies have shown that mda-7 gene transfer inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in diverse tumor types through activation of various intracellular signaling pathways. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of Ad-mda7 transduction on pancreatic cancer cells, a neoplasm that is refractory to conventional therapeutics. Treatment of human pancreatic cancer cells with Ad-mda7 results in G2/M cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity mediated via apoptosis. Tumor cell killing correlates with down-regulation of proteins involved in the Wnt and PI3K pathways: b-catenin, APC, GSK-3, JNK and PTEN. Additionally, we identify bystander cell killing activated by exposure of pancreatic tumor cells to secreted human MDA-7 protein. In pancreatic tumor cells, exogenous MDA-7 protein activates STAT3 and kills cells via engagement of IL-20 receptors. The specificity of bystander killing is demonstrated using neutralizing anti-MDA-7 antibodies and anti-receptor antibodies, which inhibit the apoptotic effects. In sum, we show that Ad-mda7 is able to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via inhibition of the Wnt/PI3K pathways and identify a novel bystander mechanism of MDA-7 killing in pancreatic cancer that functions via IL-20 receptors. These combination of activities makes Ad-mda7 a promising novel strategy for treating pancreatic cancer.
A Meta-analysis of Asbestos and Lung Cancer: Is Better Quality Exposure Assessment Associated with Steeper Slopes of the Exposure–Response Relationships?
Authors: Virissa Lenters, Roel Vermeulen, Sies Dogger, Leslie Stayner, Lützen Portengen, Alex Burdorf, Dick Heederik
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Asbestos is a well-recognized cause of lung cancer, but there is considerable between-study heterogeneity in the slope of the exposure-response relationship.We considered the role of quality of the exposure assessment to potentially explain heterogeneity in exposure-response slope estimates.We searched PubMed MEDLINE (1950-2009) for studies with quantitative estimates of cumulative asbestos exposure and lung cancer mortality and identified 19 original epidemiological studies. One was a population-based case-control study, and the others were industry-based cohort studies.Cumulative exposure categories and corresponding risks were abstracted. Exposure-response slopes [KL (lung cancer potency factor of asbestos)] were calculated using linear relative risk regression models.We assessed the quality of five exposure assessment aspects of each study and conducted random effects univariate and multivariate meta-regressions. Heterogeneity in exposure-response relationships was greater than expected by chance (I2 = 64%). Stratification by exposure assessment characteristics revealed that studies with well-documented exposure assessment, larger contrast in exposure, greater coverage of the exposure history by exposure measurement data, and more complete job histories had higher meta-KL values than did studies without these characteristics. The latter two covariates were most strongly associated with the KL value. Meta-KL values increased when we incrementally restricted analyses to higher-quality studies.This meta-analysis indicates that studies with higher-quality asbestos exposure assessment yield higher meta-estimates of the lung cancer risk per unit of exposure. Potency differences for predominantly chrysotile versus amphibole asbestos-exposed cohorts become difficult to ascertain when meta-analyses are restricted to studies with fewer exposure assessment limitations.
Extracellular space structure revealed by diffusion analysis
Authors: Charles Nicholson, Eva Syková
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1998)

The structure of brain extracellular space resembles foam. Diffusing molecules execute random movements that cause their collision with membranes and affect their concentration distribution. By measuring this distribution, the volume fraction (alpha) and the tortuosity (lambda) can be estimated. The volume fraction indicates the relative amount of extracellular space and tortuosity is a measure of hindrance of cellular obstructions. Diffusion measurements with molecules <500 Mr show that alpha approximately 0.2 and lambda approximately 1.6, although some brain regions are anisotropic. Molecules > or =3000 Mr show more hindrance, but molecules of 70000 Mr can move through the extracellular space. During stimulation, and in pathophysiological states, alpha and lambda change, for example in severe ischemia alpha = 0.04 and lambda = 2.2. These data support the feasibility of extrasynaptic or volume transmission in the extracellular space.
Effects of Controlling the Velocity of Shortening on Force-Velocity-Length and Time Relations in Cat Papillary Muscle: VELOCITY CLAMPING
Authors: DIRK L. BRUTSAERT, VICTOR A. CLAES, JAN J. H. DONDERS
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

A new technique-velocity clamping-was used to study the effects of a constant total velocity of shortening on the interrelation between force, velocity, length, and time in cat papillary muscle. With decreasing values of clamped total velocity, the duration of the contraction increased but never exceeded the duration of an isometric contraction. Hence these findings confirm that the mode of contraction-isometric or isotonic-has a marked effect on the duration of the contraction. The active state can be prolonged when less shortening occurs and more tension is developed. This phenomenon seems mainly due to the amount of shortening rather than to the velocity of shortening of the muscle. The data were also plotted on a threedimensional graph and compared with velocity-length tracings of afterloaded contractions. The force-length trajectories of the muscle during velocity clamping did not fall on the surface described by the force-velocity-length relations as derived from afterloaded isotonic contractions. This finding could be ascribed to the masking effect of the series elastic component due to the continuous adjusting of the load.
Sickle cell trait in a white Jewish family presenting as splenic infarction at high altitude
Authors: Oded Shalev, Alice L. Boylen, Cyril Levene, Ariella Oppenheim, Eliezer A. Rachmilewitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract We report the presence of sickle cell trait in several members of a white Jewish family. The trait was discovered when the propositus developed massive splenic infarction at high altitude. No erythrocyte markers characteristic of African ancestry were detected in any of the family members. This is the first bona fide documentation of sickle trait among white Jews.
[204] THE PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF ALPHA(V)BETA(6) INTEGRIN ALLEVIATES SECONDARY BILIARY FIBROSIS IN RATS VIA INHIBITION OF TGF-BETA ACTIVATION AND CHOLANGIOCYTE ADHESION TO FIBRONECTIN
Authors: E. Patsenker, Y. Popov, F. Stickel, G. Niedobitek, D. Schuppan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
A long-term follow-up of 33 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the BEAM high-dose intensification regimen with cytokine support only and no transplant
Authors: J Ph Laporte, M Yeshurun, L Fouillard, M Labopin, C Cailliot, S Lesage, F Isnard, A Najman, N-C Gorin
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Vitamin D supplements in pregnant Asian women: effects on calcium status and fetal growth.
Authors: O G Brooke, I R Brown, C D Bone, N D Carter, H J Cleeve, J D Maxwell, V P Robinson, S M Winder
Journal: BMJ (1980)

In a double-blind trial of vitamin D supplements in pregnant Asian women calciferol (ergocalciferol, 1000 IU/day) was administered to 59 women and placebo to 67 controls during the last trimester. The two groups had similar distributions of maternal age, height, parity, number of vegetarians, countries of origin, and sex and gestation of the infants. At entry to the trial maternal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations were low in both treatment and control groups and significantly lower in vegetarians than non-vegetarians. Mothers in the treatment group gained weight faster in the last trimester than those in the control group, and at term they and their infants all had adequate plasma 25-OHD concentrations, Mothers and infants in the control group, however, had low plasma concentrations of 25-OHD and calcium and raised plasma alkaline phosphatase (bone isoenzyme) activity. Five of these infants developed symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Almost twice as many infants in the control group were small for gestational age (29% v 15%), but there were no significant differences between the two groups of infants in antropometric measurements. Infants in the control group, however, had larger fontanelles, suggesting impaired ossification of the skull. Because of the benefits to mothers and infants in the treatment group and the absence of side effects, vitamin D supplements should be given to all pregnant Asian women in the United Kingdom.
THE INFLUENCE OF HYPNOTIC SUGGESTION UPON PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES.
Authors: R. OSGOOD MASON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

That hypnotism is a fact, and that the power of suggestion is marvelously increased while the patient or subject is in the hypnotic condition, are now truisms to all who have been students in that domain of psychology to which these subjects belong. The old rubbish of superstition, supernaturalism, and even of occultism, is in part at least swept away, and these two facts now stand out clear and distinct. It remains, by observation and experiment, to test their possibilities and ascertain to some degree the limit of their influence and usefulness. Permit me to remark regarding the general drift of therapeutic practice in nervous diseases no less than in other departments of clinical work, that notwithstanding the tendency to specialization, and the multiplication of remedies in each special department, still amongst the wisest and most conservative in all directions the tendency is toward moderation and simplicity in the use
Studies of the repair of O6-alkylguanine and O4-alkylthymine in DNA by alkyltransferases from mammalian cells and bacteria.
Authors: A E Pegg, M E Dolan, D Scicchitano, K Morimoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

O6-Methylguanine in DNA is repaired by the action of a protein termed O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AT) which transfers the methyl group to a cysteine residue in its own sequence. Since the cysteine which is methylated is not regenerated rapidly, if at all, the capacity for repair of O6-methylguanine is limited by the number of molecules of the AT available within the cell. The level and inducibility of the AT differed greatly in different mammalian cell types and species with the highest levels in human tissues and in liver and the lowest levels in brain. Only a small induction occurred in rat liver in response to exposure to alkylating agents. In E. coli such exposure increased the activity more than 100-fold. The At was not specific for methyl groups but also removed ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and n-butyl groups from the O6-position in DNA. The protein isolated from E. coli removed methyl groups much more rapidly than the larger alkyl groups but the mammalian AT isolated from rat liver showed much less difference in rate with adducts of different size. Ethyl and n-propyl groups were removed by the rat liver AT only three to four times more slowly than methyl groups. Another important difference between the bacterial and mammalian ATs is that the bacterial protein was also able to remove methyl groups from the O4-position of thymine in methylated DNA or poly(dT) but the AT from rat liver or human fibroblasts did not repair O4-methylthymidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Today's hepatic stellate cells: Not your father'ssternzellen
Authors: Erick P. Chan, Rebecca G. Wells, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. Here, we report that HSC express the stem/progenitor cell marker CD133 and exhibit properties of progenitor cells. CD133+ HSC of rats were selected by specific antibodies and magnetic cell sorting. Selected cells displayed typical markers of HSC, endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and monocytes. In cell culture, CD133+ HSC transformed into alpha-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblast-like cells, whereas application of cytokines known to facilitate EPC differentiation into endothelial cells led to the formation of branched tube-like structures and induced expression of the endothelial cell markers endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vascular-endothelial cadherin. Moreover, cytokines that guide stem cells to develop hepatocytes led to the appearance of rotund cells and expression of the hepatocyte markers alpha-fetoprotein and albumin. It is concluded that CD133+ HSC are a not yet recognized progenitor cell compartment with characteristics of early EPC. Their potential to differentiate into endothelial or hepatocyte lineages suggests important functions of CD133+ HSC during liver regeneration.
Former Bush adviser is appointed to lead Global Fund
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria has appointed Mark Dybul as its executive director.

Dybul, a medical doctor and former head of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), had already emerged as a frontrunner in a shortlist of four candidates and was formally appointed on 15 November.

In recent years the Global Fund has had its reputation damaged, notably by fraud, but it is hoped that the appointment will be a key step in its rehabilitation.1

Dybul rose to prominence for his role in helping to create and then lead PEPFAR. When it was set up in 2003 by the former president George W …
Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and are correlated with hepatic triglyceride
Authors: Huating Li, Qichen Fang, Fei Gao, Jia Fan, Jian Zhou, Xiaoying Wang, Huizhen Zhang, Xiaoping Pan, Yuqian Bao, Kunsan Xiang, Aimin Xu, Weiping Jia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
P8 Thermal ablation of pulmonary malignancies: Survival, technical success and complications
Authors: MW Little, DYF Chung, P Boardman, FV Gleeson, EM Anderson
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Survival analysis, technical success, safety and imaging follow-up of malignant pulmonary nodules treated with microwave and radio-frequency ablation. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Between July 2010 and July 2012, 28 patients, 14 female, mean age 61 years (31–87) with 54 pulmonary malignancies of mean diameter 18 mm (6–59mm) underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided thermal ablation (radio-frequency ablation for two lesions, microwave ablation for the remainder). Bronchogenic carcinoma was treated in 15 patients, metastatic tumour in the remainder (tumours were diagnosed by biopsy (67%) and or PET/CT). Technical success was defined as needle placement in the intended lesion without death or serious injury. Adequacy of ablation was assessed at 24 hours on contrast-enhanced CT. Circumferential solid or ground glass opacification &gt; 4mm was deemed adequate, and &gt;5mm was deemed ideal. Patients were followed with contrast-enhanced CT 3 monthly until death, or local tumour recurrence; Recurrence was identified by enlargement of the zone, the development of contrast enhancement in part of the zone, or a change in the shape of the ablation zone as a result of enlargement of one area. Survival rate was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis <h3>Results</h3> Thermal ablation was technically successful in 98% (n = 50). Mean ablation duration was 5.2 minutes (1–24 minutes). 19(68%) patients developed a pneumothorax post procedure, 7 (25%) required a chest drain. 30-day mortality rate was 0%. The mean hospital stay was 1.3 days (1–7 days). Local recurrence was only identified in one patient at a median follow up of 12 months. The 1-year survival for all cause mortality was 68%; cancer-specific mortality yielded a 1-year survival of 75%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Thermal ablation of pulmonary malignancies is a safe, successful technique. Local control rates and survival analysis are encouraging, with rapid treatment times, performed as a single day-case procedure advantageous over stereotactic beam radiotherapy.
Thiabendazole Effects in Visceral Larva Migrans
Authors: William C. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It has been postulated that antiinflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects may contribute to the clinical response that is often observed in the treatment of trichinosis with thiabendazole.<sup>1</sup>These nonspecific pharmacologic effects, thus far demonstrated only in laboratory animals, may also contribute to the clinical response seen in the treatment of certain other helminth and mycotic infections. In several cases of visceral larva migrans, thiabendazole treatment was followed promptly by an amelioration of symptoms, including the reduction of fever.<sup>2-4</sup>In one of these cases,<sup>2</sup>the response was characterized by defervescence with recurrence of fever on two occasions when treatment was interrupted, and defervescence when treatment was resumed. This response may have been due to a subcurative anthelmintic action; but, it could also be explained partially or even totally on the basis of nonspecific effects. In other cases,<sup>3</sup>treatment was followed by prompt alleviation of
Comparison of the reactivity of various epithelial substrates for the titration of pemphigus antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence.
Authors: E. ACOSTA, L. IVANYI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Comparison of the reactivity of various epithelial substrates for the titration of pemphigus antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Get access E. ACOSTA, E. ACOSTA Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Dental Surgery, Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. IVANYI L. IVANYI Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Dental Surgery, Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 5, 1 November 1982, Pages 537–541, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00403.x Published: 01 November 1982 Article history Accepted: 01 February 1982 Published: 01 November 1982
Low dose aspirin reduces risk of dying from a range of cancers
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Taking 75 mg of aspirin every day for five years or more reduces the risk of dying from a range of common cancers, a review of randomised trials has found. 

The benefit is unrelated to sex or smoking habit and increases with age, the review says ( Lancet , doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62110-1).

Tom Meade, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and one of the study’s authors, said that the findings are likely to “alter clinical and public health advice about low dose aspirin, because the balance between benefit and [gastrointestinal] bleeding has probably been altered towards using it.”

However, he cautioned that not everyone should automatically take aspirin. Health professionals and others would have to consider the practical implications, he said.

For the study the …
Foundation trusts plan to recruit 2400 extra doctors in 2013-14
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Plans by foundation trusts in England to shed staff have been deferred as a result of reviews into hospitals with higher than expected mortality rates and the expectation of tougher quality inspections, the regulator of the trusts has found.

The 145 foundation trusts in England plan to recruit 10 000 additional staff in 2013-14, including 1134 consultants, 1273 junior doctors, and 4133 nurses, said Monitor in its Annual Plan Review .1 

The extra jobs will cost £500m (€580m; $765m), or 2% of staffing costs. They follow growing problems in meeting waiting time targets in emergency departments and concern over the quality of care in hospitals identified by the medical director of the NHS, Bruce Keogh, on 17 July2 and pressure from the royal colleges for 24/7 cover. 

But next year’s workforce increases are seen …