tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commission is set up to consider law on assisted dying
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An independent commission headed by former Lord Chancellor Charles Falconer is to consider whether the law should be changed to allow assisted dying in England and Wales.

The 12 person commission, which is expected to report in October 2011, will consider what system, if any, should exist to allow people to be helped to die, and whether any changes in the law should be introduced.

The names of the other members—who include ethicists, doctors, lawyers, and law enforcement professionals—will be announced when the commission is launched on 30 November with …
RESULTS IN RADIOTHERAPY.
Authors: H. R. VARNEY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Radiotherapy is, perhaps, the most important therapeutic agent in the history of dermatology. Its possibilities are at present far beyond human conception, as its influence on heretofore incurable diseases is now beyond experiment and is recognized and applied by some of the most careful investigators in the profession. We are to-day obtaining more perfect results in many rebellious deforming skin affections than have ever been obtained by any other therapeutic appliance. The field which has awakened the most widespread interest, and gained the confidence of the profession, has been its influence on cancer. The purpose of this paper is to assist in outlining its field of usefulness by giving a full report of my first fifty cases of cancer, personally treated by the rays, with clinical observations and management. As there is no standard of technic to guide the operator, such reports, coming at this time from different operators, from
New Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Andrea Messori, Benedetta Santarlasci, Monica Vaiani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: In an examination of the data that support the use of anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, as reviewed by O'Dell (June 17 issue)1 and by Olsen and Stein (May 20 issue),2 one critical point is that there has been just a single randomized trial of infliximab and adalimumab (in which the new agent plus methotrexate was compared with methotrexate alone) and there have been only two trials of etanercept (one very recent3 and therefore not mentioned by Olsen and Stein). In addition, the number of patients enrolled in these trials was small (the number . . .
Intra-Amniotic rAAV-Mediated Microdystrophin Gene Transfer Improves Canine X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy and May Induce Immune Tolerance
Authors: Hiromi Hayashita-Kinoh, Naoko Yugeta, Hironori Okada, Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara, Tomoko Chiyo, Takashi Okada, Shin'ichi Takeda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe congenital disease due to mutations in the dystrophin gene. Supplementation of dystrophin using recombinant adenoassociated virus vector has promise as a treatment of DMD, although therapeutic benefit of the truncated dystrophin still remains to be elucidated. Besides, host immune responses against the vector as well as transgene products have been denoted in the clinical gene therapy studies. Here, we transduced dystrophic dogs fetuses to investigate the therapeutic effects of an AAV vector expressing microdystrophin under conditions of immune tolerance. rAAV-CMV-microdystrophin and a rAAV-CAG-luciferase were injected into the amniotic fluid surrounding fetuses. We also reinjected rAAV9-CMV-microdystrophin into the jugular vein of an infant dystrophic dog to induce systemic expression of microdystrophin. Gait and cardiac function significantly improved in the rAAV-microdystrophin-injected dystrophic dog, suggesting that an adequate treatment of rAAV-microdystrophin with immune modulation induces successful long-term transgene expression to analyze improved dystrophic phenotype. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe congenital disease due to mutations in the dystrophin gene. Supplementation of dystrophin using recombinant adenoassociated virus vector has promise as a treatment of DMD, although therapeutic benefit of the truncated dystrophin still remains to be elucidated. Besides, host immune responses against the vector as well as transgene products have been denoted in the clinical gene therapy studies. Here, we transduced dystrophic dogs fetuses to investigate the therapeutic effects of an AAV vector expressing microdystrophin under conditions of immune tolerance. rAAV-CMV-microdystrophin and a rAAV-CAG-luciferase were injected into the amniotic fluid surrounding fetuses. We also reinjected rAAV9-CMV-microdystrophin into the jugular vein of an infant dystrophic dog to induce systemic expression of microdystrophin. Gait and cardiac function significantly improved in the rAAV-microdystrophin-injected dystrophic dog, suggesting that an adequate treatment of rAAV-microdystrophin with immune modulation induces successful long-term transgene expression to analyze improved dystrophic phenotype.
Pulsatile velocity of blood in the pulmonary artery of dogs: measurement by an ultrasound gauge
Authors: G. Fricke, U. Studer, H. D. Scheu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

An advanced model of an ultrasound flow gauge, mounted on a N7 catheter was used to measure flow velocity in the pulmonary artery of closed-chest dogs. The recorded flow signals were calibrated in cm/sec by determining stroke volume (by dye dilution) and diameter of the pulmonary artery (by angiography). The influence of positive and negative inotropic drugs on velocity and acceleration is reported.
Living in the Shadow of Death: Tuberculosis and the Social Experience of Illness in American History
Authors: Thomas L. Petty
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Now that tuberculosis is returning with a new vengeance,  public and professionals alike have a heightened interest in this fascinating disease. Tuberculosis has plagued mankind since  Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) period. It was present mostly in animals, with only sporadic human infections. The domestication of cattle in  18th century would crowd them together, and  fact that people commonly lived above animal quarters to benefit from  heat led to 18th-century epidemics in Europe. A human mutant variant can be traced to that time. Tuberculosis was dubbed the captain of all these men of death by John Bunyan in 1680. It was another 200 years before knowledge of  infectiousness of tuberculosis was established by  momentous demonstration by Robert Koch in 1882 that it was a bacterial infection. In  prebacteriologic era, tuberculosis had been considered an inheritable disease, since it was found in many family
Chloramphenicol Aplastic Anemia in Identical Twins — A Clue to Pathogenesis
Authors: William Dameshek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

It has taken a long time, from the initial indictments in 1952, to the present, to demonstrate with some degree of assurance that chloramphenicol is a dangerous drug, an antimetabolite as well as an antibiotic, and the most important (and preventable) cause of aplastic anemia.Granted that massive dosage of this drug can induce recognizable lesions of the bone marrow (and blood) in most persons, the fact that numerous cases have followed the usually recommended doses of the drug has been the subject of much discussion. There is no indication of an allergic or other abnormality of hypersensitivity, although in . . .
Clinical Effects of Whole-body Hyperthermia in Advanced Malignancy
Authors: R. T. Pettigrew, J. M. Galt, C. M. Ludgate, A. N. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Fifty-one patients in the terminal stages of cancer have been treated with whole-body hyperthermia either alone (38 cases) or in combination with chemotherapy (13 cases). Altogether 227 treatment sessions were held averaging four hours each. The most sensitive tumours were those of the gastrointestinal tract and sarcomas. Breast and genitourinary tumours did not respond, and lung tumours and melanomas were only partially responsive. Major complications were remarkably few.
Basic and Clinical Immunology
Authors: Paul P. VanArsdel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In their preface, the editors note that there are many good immunology books, but events seem to have outrun their competition and thus, quite properly, justify yet another immunology text. This book is divided into four sections. The first includes the fundamentals of immunochemistry and cellular immunology and is introduced by a concise, well-illustrated historical background prepared by Pierre Grabar. The second contains 13 chapters on immunobiology, beginning appropriately enough with phylogeny and ontogeny of the immune response and genetic regulation. Such topics as autoimmunity, transplantation and tumor immunology, immunity and infection, immunologic tolerance, the secretory immune system, and specific immunologic unresponsiveness are all covered well. As with any multiple-authored text, there is some redundancy, which does not constitute a serious defect. The third part is a short but comprehensive section on laboratory methods for detecting antigens, antibodies, and cellular immune function. The fourth section, almost half the book, is
Discordant Hepatic Uptake of Tc-99m NGA and Tc-99m PMT in a Patient with Hepatoma
Authors: TAMIO ABURANO, NORIYUK SHUKE, KUNIHIKO YOKOYAMA, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA, MASANOBU TANEI, MITUHIRO TERADA, MASASHI UNOURA, KENICHI KOBAYASHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors report discordant hepatic uptake of Tc-99m NGA and Tc-99m PMT in a patient with hepatoma. Tc-99m PMT uptake was delayed and Tc-99m NGA concentrated in another area, thereby demonstrating that the uptake mechanisms for Tc-99m NGA and Tc-99m PMT are different. Tc-99m NGA imaging may be useful in characterizing the focal hepatic lesion of Tc-99m IDA or Tc-99m PMT concentration.
Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia: Association with Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: Kenneth W. Lyles, William R. Berry, Mark Haussler, John M. Harrelson, Marc K. Drezner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia that remits after resection of a coexisting tumor has been described in 35 patients. Because the associated neoplasms have been of mesenchymal origin, it has been inferred that this tumorinduced osteomalacia syndrome is uniquely related to tumors of this derivation. However, in the present investigation we studied subjects with coincident hypophosphatemia and prostatic carcinoma to ascertain whether this endodermal malignancy causes the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome. The hypophosphatemic patients had renal phosphate wasting, gastrointestinal malabsorption of calcium and phosphate, and negative phosphate balance. Moreover, bone biopsies showed histomorphologic changes indicative of osteomalacia. Although widespread metastases precluded establishing the diagnosis of tumor-induced osteomalacia by resection of the tumor, a series of studies excluded alternate causes for the osteomalacia. Further, affected subjects had a normal serum concentration of 2 5-hydroxy vitamin D, 28.0 ± 8.3 ng/mL, and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were low, 15.0 ± 1.0 pg/mL, characteristic of the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome. Thus, prostatic carcinoma, although an endodermal malignancy, may cause the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome.
Responses to steroids and bronchodilators in COPD in the ISOLDE trial: the fat lady sings on
Authors: N J Gross
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Two new findings using data from the ISOLDE trial are presented in this issue of Thorax : (1) patients with COPD cannot be separated into discrete corticosteroid responders and non-responders, and (2) the response of an individual patient with COPD to a bronchodilator challenge on a single occasion does not predict whether or not the patient will benefit subsequently from that agent. Consistency is needed between North America and Europe as to the diagnosis of COPD and the criteria for inclusion in COPD trials.

The main results of the ISOLDE trial have been published1 and are now part of the canon of knowledge about COPD—inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) do not change the rate of decline of FEV1 in COPD. This finding is consistent with that of other similar large long term trials,2–4 so the question has been settled. As in some of the other studies, there may be decreases in the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations, and quality of life may be modestly improved. These questions are being addressed in separate ongoing long term trials.

Despite the rule that the primary and secondary outcomes of a trial must be prestated and set in stone in the protocol, trials such as ISOLDE are so large and so carefully planned, executed, and monitored that the huge amounts of data they generate offer many opportunities to examine questions other than the prestated outcomes—questions that are scientifically important but which are unlikely ever to find funding as primary outcomes. In the absence of any methodological aspect of the trial that would invalidate it from being used to answer a different question, it is appropriate to mine the data for any and all other useful information they may provide. Sometimes disparaged as “data dredging”, the meticulous review of the data for …
Continuous Emotional Support During Labor-Reply
Authors: John Kennell
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Most of the obstetric services that have instituted the active management of labor have not achieved the reduced cesarean section rate and shortened labors realized by the staff in Dublin, as they have overlooked the need for the continuous presence of a supportive companion. Due to the shortages of nurses and midwives in the United States, we deliberately chose lay women for our study. The<i>doula</i>did not have a medical role and was not a person who "supervises the labor and conducts the delivery." In a setting where a midwife can stay with only one mother continuously throughout labor, the midwife performs the supportive functions of a<i>doula</i>. Unless and until the Dublin practice of assigning a personal midwife to every woman in labor is established in the United States, the<i>doula</i>will be the most appropriate cost-effective source of support. A reduction in medical costs would
Haber’s syndrome may be a clinical entity different from Dowling-Degos disease
Authors: A. Nishizawa†, H. Nakano, T. Satoh, K. Takayama, D. Sawamura, H. Yokozeki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Haber's syndrome (HS) is a rare genodermatosis that was first described by Sanderson and Wilson.1 The disease is thought to be autosomal dominant and only 14 cases from seven families have been described. Clinically, HS is associated with a rosacea‐like eruption of the face that begins in childhood, and profuse keratotic lesions representing seborrhoeic keratosis (SK), which are seen predominantly on the trunk, especially on the flexures. Because HS shares several cutaneous manifestations with Dowling–Degos disease (DDD; OMIM 179850), an autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by reticulate hyperpigmentation and small warty lesions mainly affecting the flexures, it has been postulated that these two genodermatoses represent one clinical entity.2 Recently, loss‐of‐function mutations of the keratin 5 (KRT5) gene have been identified in families with DDD.3 4–5 To delineate the gene defect underlying HS pathogenesis, we performed genetic analysis of KRT5 in a Japanese patient with HS. In addition, we examined mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PIK3CA) genes, because mutations in these genes have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic SK.6
Astemizole-Induced Cardiac Conduction Disturbances in a Child
Authors: Joseph R. Tobin, Thomas P. Doyle, Alice D. Ackerman, Joel I. Brenner
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The newly available antihistamine astemizole (Hismanal) has been previously associated with hemodynamically significant cardiac tachydysrhythmias. We describe a 3-year-old girl who developed multiple different cardiac dysrhythmias after an astemizole overdose. No hemodynamic compromise occurred, and the electrocardiogram returned to normal without use of antiarrhythmic agents within 7 hours.
Abstract 907: The efficiency of Nek2 siRNA for liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Toshio Kokuryo, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Masato Nagino
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Nek2 (NIMA-related kinase 2) is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, which related to the essential mitotic regulator NIMA. Nek2 is involved in cell division and mitotic regulation by centrosome splitting. We reported that the efficiency of Nek2 as molecular target for several cancers, such as cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Methods: We examined the effect of Nek2 siRNA treatment on the tumor of pancreatic cancer in xenograft mouse model. We also challenged Nek2 siRNA in the liver metastasis model of pancreatic cancer. Results and Discussion: Nek2 siRNA suppressed the growth of tumors in xenograft pancreas cancer model. In liver metastasis model, Nek2 siRNA decreased the number of metastasis and resulted in reduction of metastasis volume. Liver metastasis is one of the major undesirable complications frequently associated with inoperable cases. The Nek2 suppression with siRNA is also effective in the inhibition of liver metastasis of pancreas cancer. Conclusions: Nek2 plays a critical role in tumorigenic growth of various cancers, and inhibition of Nek2 expression with its siRNA causes suppression of cancer growth. Our data provides a strong rationale for the further investigation of Nek2 inhibitors as a new cancer therapy, holding the potential to provide regression of multiple human malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 907. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-907
Aging Impairs the Beneficial Effect of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Stem Cell Factor on Post-Myocardial Infarction Remodeling
Authors: Stephanie Lehrke, Ramesh Mazhari, Daniel J. Durand, Meizi Zheng, Djahida Bedja, Jeffrey M. Zimmet, Karl H. Schuleri, Andrew S. Chi, Kathleen L. Gabrielson, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) are potential new therapies to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) remodeling, as they enhance endogenous cardiac repair mechanisms and decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Because both of these pathways undergo alterations with increasing age, we hypothesized that therapeutic efficacy of G-CSF and SCF is impaired in old versus young adult rats. MI was induced in 6- and 20-month-old rats by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. In young animals, G-CSF/SCF therapy stabilized and reversed a decline in cardiac function, attenuated left ventricular dilation, decreased infarct size, and reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Remarkably, these effects on cardiac structure and function were absent in aged rodents. This could not be attributed to ineffective mobilization of bone marrow cells or decreased quantity of c-Kit(+) cells within the myocardium with aging. However, whereas the G-CSF/SCF cocktail reduced cardiac myocyte apoptosis in old as well as in young hearts, the degree of reduction was substantially less with age and the rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in old animals remained high despite cytokine treatment. These findings demonstrate that G-CSF/SCF lacks therapeutic efficacy in old animals by failing to offset periinfarct apoptosis and therefore raise important concerns regarding the efficacy of novel cytokine therapies in elderly individuals at greatest risk for adverse consequences of MI.
Human creatine kinase-B complementary DNA. Nucleotide sequence, gene expression in lung cancer, and chromosomal assignment to two distinct loci.
Authors: F J Kaye, O W McBride, J F Battey, A F Gazdar, E A Sausville
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Using a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cDNA library, we obtained clones for the creatine kinase-B (CK-B) gene and determined the nucleotide sequence for the protein coding and 3' untranslated region (3' UT). The human translated protein spans 381 residues and the amino acid homology with rabbit CK-B is greater than 98%. We have demonstrated that a nucleic acid probe encompassing the protein coding region will also hybridize to CK-M sequences while a probe derived from the 3' UT region is CK-B specific. When a B-isoenzyme specific sequence is hybridized to Eco RI cut genomic DNA, two independent restriction fragment polymorphisms are detected. We have subsequently localized these two CK-B homologous sequences to chromosomes 14q32 and 16. Finally, we show that increased levels of CK-B seen in SCLC are not accompanied by gene amplification or rearrangement, but reflect a greatly enhanced level of CK-B specific mRNA that is not seen in non-SCLC lines thus far examined.
Diarrhea and AIDS
Authors: Frederick M. Hecht
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 November 1990Diarrhea and AIDSFrederick M. Hecht, MDFrederick M. Hecht, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-804 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: For decision analysis to be clinically relevant, it must rest on accurate information and model realistic choices. I believe that the decision analysis used by Johanson and Sonnenberg (1) in their recent article on the evaluation of diarrhea in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is based on problematic assumptions. The results are likely to be misleading and potentially dangerous.The investigators make a critical assumption that diarrhea will resolve in 67% of patients through symptomatic treatment with an antimotility agent (diphenoxylate hydrochloride), regardless of cause and with no recurrences. As a consequence of this assumption, in the...References1. JohansonSonnenberg JA. Efficient management of diarrhea in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a medical decision analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:942-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ConnollyDrydenShansonGazzard GMDB. Cryptosporidial diarrhea in AIDS and its treatment. Gut. 1988;29:593-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Soave R. Cryptosporidiosis and isosporiasis in patients with AIDS. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1990;2:485-93. CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. ConnollyDrydenShansonGazzard GMDB. Cryptosporidial diarrhea in AIDS and its treatment. Gut. 1988;29:593-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JohansonSonnenberg JA. Efficient management of diarrhea in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a medical decision analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:942-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Beyer W. CRC Handbook of Tables for Probability and Statistics. 2d ed. Cleveland, Ohio: The Chemical Rubber Company; 1960:222-37. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1990Volume 113, Issue 10Page: 804-805KeywordsAIDSDecision analysisDiarrheaPatients Issue Published: 15 November 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Reply to Michael Seitz and Ronald Sroka's Letter to the Editor re: Gunnar Wendt-Nordahl, Stephanie Huckele, Patrick Honeck, et al. 980-nm Diode Laser: A Novel Laser Technology for Vaporization of the Prostate. Eur Urol 2007;52:1723–8
Authors: Gunnar Wendt-Nordahl, Maurice Stephan Michel, Axel Häcker
Journal: European Urology (2008)