tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Water molecule movement may be the key to monitoring success of ovarian cancer treatment
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that measures the movement of water molecules in tumours may be the best way to monitor the response to treatment of women with advanced ovarian cancer, shows a study that compares different types of imaging in this group of patients.

The study compared three different MRI techniques and found that diffusion weighted MRI was the most effective for detecting the effects of treatment on primary ovarian tumours and on tumours that had metastasised to surrounding tissues ( Radiology doi:10.1148/radiol.11110175).

Computed tomography has traditionally been used to assess whether patients with ovarian cancer should continue with chemotherapy after their first …
Risk factors for long-term mental and psychosomatic distress in Latvian Chernobyl liquidators.
Authors: J F Viel, E Curbakova, B Dzerve, M Eglite, T Zvagule, C Vincent
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Epidemiologic studies on the health effects of the Chernobyl disaster have focused largely on physical health, whereas the psychological consequences have received little attention. The authors have assessed the associations of various exposure variables with mental and psychosomatic distress in a sample of 1412 Latvian liquidators drawn from the State Latvian Chernobyl Clean-up Workers Registry. The outcome was a mixed mental-psychosomatic disorder occurring during 1986 to 1995. Comparisons among subgroups of the cohort classified according to exposure type or level were based on the proportional hazards model. Length of work (&gt; or = 28 days) in a 10-km radius from the reactor (relative risk [RR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.70), work (&gt; 1 time) on the damaged reactor roof (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.09), forest work (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.19-1.68), fresh fruit consumption (&gt; or = 1 time/day) (RR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.12-2.65) are risk factors for mixed mental-psychosomatic disorder. Construction of the sarcophagus (RR = 1.82, 95% CI 0.89-3.72) is also associated with this outcome, although nonsignificantly. Distinguishing stress-related from radiation-induced effects in this data set was difficult and these findings should provide a basis for later hypothesis testing in other cohorts.
The “Special Article”
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

“Opera Specialia” is the title Joseph Garland used when he editorialized on the initiation of a new series of Journal articles, which, he hoped, “will stretch out into the vast future with no temporal end in sight.”1 The series is still in full course, with the end as yet invisible, although the material that in fact appears under the heading “Special Article” is anything but special — at least in the sense of possessing a particular character. To the contrary, Special Articles tend to be a heterogeneous lot, not only in subject matter but also in method, attitude and purpose. . . .
A Probable Case of Pituitary Disease Among Men of the Old Stone Age
Authors: HARRY GAUSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 February 1931A Probable Case of Pituitary Disease Among Men of the Old Stone AgeHARRY GAUSS, M.D.HARRY GAUSS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-8-1036 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMan's infirmities are as old as man himself; and in some instances the infirmity existed as a potential pathologic state before man's advent on this earth, awaiting his arrival to fasten itself upon him. Man being but a stage of a constantly changing cycle of biologic organisms is heir to the complexities of the struggle for existence that dominates the world. Tuberculosis for example is thought to have existed long before man made his appearance; and arriving man proving susceptible to this already existing disease became afflicted with it. Tuberculosis as a disease antedates man. Human tuberculosis is a subsequent...References CUSHING H: The Pituitary Body, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1912. Google Scholar FALTA W: Endocrine Disease, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Philadelphia, 1923. Google Scholar GAUSS H: The Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis, Colorado Medicine, 1921, 18, 79. Google Scholar MOODIE RL: Paleopathology, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, 1923. CrossrefGoogle Scholar OBERMAIER H: Fossil Man in Spain, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1924. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, Colo. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1931Volume 4, Issue 8Page: 1036-1040KeywordsBiologics Issue Published: 1 February 1931 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ln-111 Leukocyte and Ga-67 Imaging
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, ALFRED J. SWYER, CHUN K. KIM, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 42-year-old man with AIDS who had fever and a right axillary mass underwent In-111 labeled leukocyte and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy. While labeled leukocyte imaging was nearly normal, multiple areas of abnormal tracer accumulation were seen on the gallium study. The final diagnosis was microbiologically confirmed tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Hemodynamic Studies in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: H. J. SMITH, A. ORIOL, J. MORCH, M. MCGREGOR
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In 14 subjects with severe cardiogenic shock the characteristic findings before treatment were hypotension, low cardiac output, and increased central venous pressure, with normal values for total peripheral resistance. Oliguria, lactic acidosis, hypocapnia, and hypoxemia also were present. These changes were interpreted as reflecting acute heart failure in association with a peripheral vascular response which was inadequate to maintain normal blood pressure. Isoproterenol caused a decrease in venous pressure and an increase in cardiac output. In most cases this was sufficient to increase blood pressure, despite slight reductions in peripheral vascular resistance. In a few cases, however, the inotropic effect of the drug was so small that the reduction in vascular resistance caused a further fall in arterial pressure. Metaraminol caused elevation of venous pressure, peripheral resistance, and blood pressure at the expense of some reduction of cardiac output. An approach to therapy is discussed in the light of these findings.
Non-A, Non-B Post-Transfusion Hepatitis: Looking Back in the Second Decade
Authors: R L Koretz, H Abbey, E Coleman, G Gitnick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To determine the long-term course of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis.Follow-up in 1989 to 1992 of patients prospectively identified as having contracted non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis between 1972 and 1980.A university hospital.Patients who were prospectively followed from receipt of blood products and in whom otherwise unexplained abnormalities in their serum alanine aminotransferase levels developed without serologic evidence of exposure to hepatitis A or B.The presence or absence of clinical evidence of liver failure or symptoms of chronic hepatitis.Of 90 patients identified in the 1970s, 80 were recontacted and evaluated between 1989 and 1992. Based on the current status of these 80 patients and on the last known status of the remaining patients, the following observations were made: 1) Although about 40% had some symptoms during the early phase of the disease, none subsequently experienced significant clinical problems related to hepatic inflammation; 2) eight patients (seven with chronic hepatitis) developed hepatic failure; and 3) life-table analysis showed that the probabilities of developing clinical evidence of cirrhosis after 16 years of disease in the entire cohort, in the subgroup who developed chronic hepatitis, in the patients who had hepatitis C, and in those with chronic hepatitis C were 18%, 21%, 17%, and 20%, respectively.For most of the study patients, non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis was a biochemical and histologic disease that had not yet caused hepatic symptoms. If hepatic failure does occur, it is usually seen only after 10 or more years of disease. Before that time, many infected persons die due to other disease processes.
Environmental factors and the development of disease and injury in the alimentary tract.
Authors: H P Schedl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

This review examines interactions between the alimentary tract and environmental agents. In these intera"ctions the alimentary tract is considered as an integrated organ system extending from mouth to anus. The alimentary tract shares with the skin and its appendages and the respiratory system the distinction of being a portal of entry into the human body for environmental agents as well as a target for their action. Food and water-borne environmental agents enter the body via the alimentary tract. By injurying the alimentary tract environmental agents after their portal of entry and thereby modulate their effects on the organism. Such modulation may enhance or depress effects of these agents. Interactions between environmental factors and the alimentary tract depend on (1) factors related to the alimentary tract that are determined by anatomic, physiologic, and biochemical considerations; (2) factors related to the environmental agents; and (3) individually determined factors. The role of these factors in development of disease and injury is considered. Environmental diseases of the alimentary tract and environmental agents acting on the gut are discussed and recommendations are made for future research.
Influence of ghrelin on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in humans
Authors: J Tack
Journal: Gut (2005)

Recent studies in animals have shown that ghrelin stimulates upper gastrointestinal motility through the vagus and enteric nervous system. The aim of the present study therefore was to simultaneously investigate the effect of administration of ghrelin on upper gastrointestinal motility and to elucidate its mode of action by measuring plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in humans.Nine healthy volunteers (four males; aged 22-35 years) underwent combined antroduodenal manometry and proximal stomach barostat study on two separate occasions at least one week apart. Twenty minutes after the occurrence of phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC), saline or ghrelin 40 mug was administered intravenously over 30 minutes in a double blind, randomised, crossover fashion. Ghrelin, motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, and somatostatin were measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples obtained at 15-30 minute intervals. The influence of ghrelin or saline on MMC phases, hormone levels, and intraballoon volume was compared using paired t test, ANOVA, and chi(2) testing.Spontaneous phase III occurred in all subjects, with a gastric origin in four. Administration of ghrelin induced a premature phase III (12 (3) minutes, p<0.001; gastric origin in nine, p<0.05), compared with saline (95 (13) minutes, gastric origin in two). Intraballoon volumes before infusion were similar (135 (13) v 119 (13) ml; NS) but ghrelin induced a longlasting decrease in intraballoon volume (184 (31) v 126 (21) ml in the first 60 minutes; p<0.05). Administration of ghrelin increased plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin but motilin, somatostatin, and glucagon levels were not altered.In humans, administration of ghrelin induces a premature gastric phase III of the MMC, which is not mediated through release of motilin. This is accompanied by prolonged increased tone of the proximal stomach.
COMPARISON OF THE POTENCY OF POLYVALENT ANTIMENINGOCOCCUS SERUM PRODUCED WITH FOUR AND SIX REPRESENTATIVE STRAINS AND THAT PRODUCED WITH SIXTY STRAINS, AS DETERMINED BY THE AGGLUTINATION TITER
Authors: Augustus B. Wadsworth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

The potency of a polyvalent antimeningococcus serum, as tested by its agglutination titer, was sacrificed by immunization with a large number of strains of the meningococcus. By immunization with a limited number of representative strains, four or six, carefully selected on account of their antigenic and agglutination properties, the potency was increased three- to tenfold without sacrificing the polyvalency; that is, as tested with at least 70 heterologous strains of the meningococcus. The agglutination titer, unfortunately, is not an entirely satisfactory criterion of therapeutic potency, but it is the only practical method available that determines also the polyvalent action of antimeningococcus serum.
NITRO-GLYCERINE AND DYNAMITE.
Authors: John B. Hamilton
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Washington, D. C., Sept. 12, 1883. <h3>Dear Dr. Davis:</h3> Having seen in a recent number of theJournalan article concerning the toxic properties of dynamite and nitro-glycerine, it occurred to me that it might be well to say that nitro-glycerine is one of the most dangerous poisons known. A single drop on the tongue of a cow will kill her instantly, and the poisonous property of this explosive, when applied to the surface of the body, is well known to those operatives engaged in its manufacture. Now, dynamite is simply nitro-glycerine spread out upon the surface of the particles of an infusorial earth (<i>Kieselguhr</i>), which, by reason of its cupshaped surfaces, allows a greater portion of the nitroglycerine to be spread upon it, in proportion to its bulk, than any other substance at present known. It is thus seen that the nitro-glycerine is simply diluted when made into dynamite,
Physiological profiles of Hong Kong élite soccer players.
Authors: M K Chin, Y S Lo, C T Li, C H So
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

Most physiological profiles of élite soccer players originate from Western Europe and North America. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of descriptive data on the physical characteristics of Asian soccer players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological profiles of élite soccer players in Hong Kong. It was conducted in conjunction with the selection of the Hong Kong team before the 1990 Beijing Asian Games. In all, 24 professional soccer players were selected from a pool of 180 players as subjects for the study. The following means(s.d.) were observed: height 173.4(4.6) cm; weight 67.7(5.0) kg; body fat 7.3(3.0)%; forced vital capacity (FVC) 5.1(0.6) l; maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) 59.1(4.9) ml kg-1 min-1; anaerobic threshold (AT 80.0(7.2)% of VO2max; alactic power index 13.5(2.4) W kg-1; lactic work index 298(27) J kg-1; peak isokinetic dominant knee extensor and flexor strengths 2.72(0.36) Nm kg-1 and 1.65(0.20) Nm kg-1. On average the physique of Hong Kong soccer players appeared to be smaller and lighter than those found in Europe, which may be one of the key factors that contribute to the lack of success of Hong Kong soccer teams in international competition.
Antitumor Activity of Targeting Src Kinases in Endothelial and Myeloid Cell Compartments of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wei Liang, Maciej Kujawski, Jun Wu, Jianming Lu, Andreas Herrmann, Sofia Loera, Yun Yen, Frank Lee, Hua Yu, Wei Wen, Richard Jove
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Several Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitors have entered clinical trials based on their direct effects against tumor cells. Here, we characterize the effects of targeting Src kinases on the tumor microenvironment and how these effects influence tumor growth.Human cancer cells grown in cell culture or in mice were treated with dasatinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of SFKs. Tumor cell, endothelial cell, and myeloid cell compartments within the tumor microenvironment were analyzed. Primary human endothelial cells and freshly isolated CD11b+/CD11c- myeloid cells from mice were treated with dasatinib in cell culture. Cellular functions and signaling pathways affected by dasatinib were evaluated.Dasatinib was not cytotoxic in cell culture against the human cancer cell lines investigated here. However, dasatinib administration in human tumor-bearing mice suppressed tumor growth associated with increased tumor cell apoptosis, decreased microvessel density, and reduced intratumoral CD11b+ myeloid cells. Dasatinib directly inhibited motility and other functions of endothelial and myeloid cells, accompanied by the inhibition of phosphorylation of SFKs and downstream signaling. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells were identified as the major source of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the tumor microenvironment. Dasatinib treatment reduced MMP-9 levels in the tumor microenvironment through the simultaneous inhibition of recruitment of MMP9+ myeloid cells and MMP-9 gene expression in tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells.These findings suggest that Src kinase inhibitors such as dasatinib possess a previously unrecognized anticancer mechanism of action by targeting both host-derived endothelial and myeloid cell compartments within the tumor microenvironment.
Biology of atherosclerotic plaques: What we are learning from proteomic analysis
Authors: L BLANCOCOLIO, J MARTINVENTURA, F VIVANCO, J MICHEL, O MEILHAC, J EGIDO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture triggers the onset of cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which represent the main cause of death in western countries. Atherogenesis is a complex process characterized by lipid retention, proteolytic injury and a chronic inflammatory response. The resulting pathological vascular remodeling involves inflammatory cell recruitment, fibrosis, smooth muscle cell proliferation, neovascularization and intraplaque hemorrhage. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular dysfunction remain widely unknown. The development of differential proteomics allows the identification of novel proteins whose association with the genesis of atherosclerotic plaques is at present unforeseen in the light of available data. Moreover, different strategies have been used to discover new potential biomarkers which could be related to cardiovascular risk. The multi-factorial nature of cardiovascular diseases necessitates the use of biomarkers for early detection, for monitoring the response to therapy and to predict clinical outcome. In this review, we summarize the different proteomic approaches and recent findings that will help us to understand the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis.
82 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IL28B GENE VARIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER INTERFERON THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Y. Asahina, K. Tanaka, Y. Suzuki, N. Tamaki, T. Hoshioka, T. Kato, Y. Yasui, T. Hosokawa, K. Ueda, T. Kuzuya, K. Tsuchiya, H. Nakanishi, J. Itakura, Y. Takahashi, M. Kurosaki, N. Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Role for CD44 in Enhancing Invasion, Migration, and Growth of Triple Negative (TN) Breast Cancer Cells.
Authors: J. Iida, M. Nesbella, J. Lehman, R. Mural, C. Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Triple negative (TN) breast cancers are defined by a lack of expression of estrogen, progesterone, and her-2/neu receptors. It is widely recognized that TN breast cancers have a poorer prognosis than any other subtypes of breast caner. Given the lack of effective targeted therapies for TN breast cancer patients, understanding of the mechanisms of growth and invasion in the tissues provides insight into developing novel approaches to lower the mortality from TN breast cancer.Neoplastic epithelial cells in breast carcinomas interact with various components in the tissue microenvironment including extracellular matrix (ECM) and mesenchymal cells. Recent studies identified CD44 as a metastasis-related molecule with multiple functions by promoting cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. CD44 is an integral transmembrane protein encoded by a single 20-exon gene. In the standard form (CD44s), 10 of the 20 exons are translated. Multiple variant isoforms exist (CD44v1-10) which arises from alternate mRNA splicing of the remaining 10 exons. In contrast to the ubiquitous expression of the standard form of CD44, splice variants are highly restricted in their expression in normal or malignant tissues. Indeed, CD44 variants containing v3, v5, v6, v7-8, v10 exons are expressed in malignant breast cancer tissues. However, there is limited information regarding the biological functions of these exons to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. The goal of this study is to evaluate specific exon(s) of CD44 expressed on TN breast cancer cells for promoting tumor progression and metastasis.In order to approach this goal, we utilized three TN cell lines (HCC38, HCC1937, and HCC1806) as model systems to evaluate CD44 in regulating invasion, migration, and growth in extracellular matrix (ECM) environments. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis using exon specific primers indicate that these cells expressed CD44v8-v10 and CD44s. We demonstrated that an inhibitory antibody against exon v10 of CD44 significantly inhibited b1 integrin-mediated migration and invasion into Matrigel and type I collagen gel. Importantly, this antibody also inhibited three dimensional (3D) growth which is a b1 integrin-independent process. The significant inhibition of these processes was also achieved when a FLAG-fusion exon v10 peptide (FLAG-v10, in which FLAG is tagged at the N-terminal of the peptide) was used as an inhibitor, implying that this exon would function to assemble molecular complexes on TN breast cancer cells that facilitate invasion, migration, and growth. Thus, these results suggest that generation of small synthetic molecules that block the functions of exon v10 of CD44 is promising approaches to inhibit invasion and metastasis of TN breast cancer cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6161.