tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Washington University's Adult Psychiatry
Authors: Ilpo Kaariainen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings15 July 1997Washington University's Adult PsychiatryIlpo Kaariainen, MDIlpo Kaariainen, MDUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00054 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Washington University's Adult PsychiatryGuze SB, David RB; eds. 503 pages. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book; 1997. $64.95. ISBN 0815139934. Order phone 800-426-4545.Field of medicine: Psychiatry.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Primary care practitioners.Purpose: To highlight the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in primary care practice and to use the medical model as a basis for management of those disorders. The medical model is defined as “the consistent application, in psychiatry, of modern medical thinking and methods.”Content: This newest addition to Mosby's Neurology Psychiatry Access series provides a practical survey of adult psychiatry in 29 chapters. Current and previous ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 176KeywordsAdultsHealth care providersHealth surveysNeurologyPrimary care physiciansPsychiatry and mental health ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The acid-labile subunit (ALS) in acute and chronic liver disease (CLD)
Authors: A DONAGHY
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Among the six insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP), only IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 form ternary complexes with IGFs and the acid-labile sunbunit (ALS). In a commercial, highly-purified BSA preparation, ternary complex formation was detected using radio-labeled IGF-II and human serum-derived ALS, with precipitation by ALS antiserum. In contrast, no complexes with radio-labeled IGF-I were detected under the same conditions. Size-fractionation of the BSA on Superose-12 showed the peak of ternary complex forming activity at approximately 30 kDa. To purify the active factor, a solution of the BSA was pumped onto a [Gly1]IGF-II affinity column, and eluted fractions were lyophilized and applied to a C18 HPLC column. The eluted fractions showing ternary complex forming activity maintained a preference for IGF-II in forming ternary complexes and a slight preference in forming binary complexes with IGF-II rather than IGF-I. By silver staining after non-reducing SDS-PAGE, the peak activity in the HPLC-eluted fractions appeared as 30 kDa and 21–24 kDa bands. Amino-terminal sequencing of this peak activity revealed bovine IGFBP-3. These results demonstrate that amino-terminal proteolyzed bovine IGFBP-3 is present in a highly purified BSA preparation. In contrast to intact human IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5, this form of bovine IGFBP-3 forms ternary complexes preferentially with IGF-II rather than IGF-I.
Bone marrow–specific Cap gene deletion protects against high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance
Authors: Lisa A Lesniewski, Sarah E Hosch, Jaap G Neels, Carl de Luca, Mohammad Pashmforoush, Carey N Lumeng, Shian-Huey Chiang, Miriam Scadeng, Alan R Saltiel, Jerrold M Olefsky
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
High-dose interferon and the U.K. guidelines for cutaneous melanoma
Authors: R. Russell-Jones, C. Healy, E. Calonje, M. Doherty, K. Acland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Sir, Over the past 4 years, the strategy adopted at our Institute is to offer sentinel node biopsy (SNB) as a routine staging procedure to those patients with melanomas of Breslow thickness > 1 mm, who are fit for surgery and have no clinical evidence of extranodal spread.1 To date, approximately 200 patients have undergone SNB, of whom 20% have shown micrometastatic disease. All patients are offered a therapeutic lymph node dissection, but the use of high‐dose interferon (HDI) has varied according to the most recent published data and the availability of trials involving adjuvant therapy. Thus, in 1998 most SNB‐positive patients were treated with HDI on the basis of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684, which showed benefit in terms of both disease‐free and overall survival when HDI was compared with observation.2 This policy changed in 1999/2000, following the preliminary results from intergroup trial E1690, which showed benefit for disease‐free but not overall survival,3 and only selected patients with macroscopic stage III disease were offered HDI. Since publication of results of intergroup trial E1694,4 we have once again offered HDI to SNB‐positive patients, but this strategy is now under threat following publication of the U.K. guidelines for the management of cutaneous melanoma.5
IRSp53 Links the Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Effectors Tir and EspFU for Actin Pedestal Formation
Authors: Stefanie M. Weiss, Markus Ladwein, Dorothea Schmidt, Julia Ehinger, Silvia Lommel, Kai Städing, Ulrike Beutling, Andrea Disanza, Ronald Frank, Lothar Jänsch, Giorgio Scita, Florian Gunzer, Klemens Rottner, Theresia E.B. Stradal
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Should Patient-Reported Outcomes Be Mandatory for Toxicity Reporting in Cancer Clinical Trials?
Authors: Deborah Watkins Bruner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

There is mounting evidence that patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide significantly more toxicity and symptom data than clinician or Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE) assessments. 1,2The Food and Drug Administration recently defined a PRO as a measurement of any aspect of a patient's health status that comes directly from the patient, without interpretation of the patient's responses by a clinician or research associate. 3asch et al have pioneered the adaptation of CTCAE into PRO measurements.In this issue, they discuss the feasibility of longterm toxicity monitoring using an electronic, patient self-reported, modified version of the CTCAE. 4They have carefully laid the groundwork by adapting the CTCAE symptom items into lay language and selecting salient items particular to the patients studied with thoracic malignancies receiving chemotherapy.This report documented that the CTCAE-PRO version is indeed highly feasible across sex, age, education level, baseline performance status, disease type and stage, or chemotherapy regimen. 5he work of Basch et al 4 is more than just an interesting exercise.It is, in fact, the beginning of a process that may change the way in which toxicity in cancer clinical trials is measured and reported.The CTCAE has been a useful tool; yet, as with most tools, improvements are desired.There are several flaws in the CTCAE that have long been recognized, and there is recent progress in addressing some of these issues.One issue is the inability to summarize severity of both acute and long-term toxicity.A novel method to better capture the burden of such toxicity experienced by patients on clinical trials has recently been published. 6nother drawback to the CTCAE is that there is currently no standardized training for the implementation of this tool.This is highly problematic because the grading of toxicities is highly variable as a result of the differences in training and education related to patient assessments of those who use the tool (such as research associates, only some of whom may be nurses and many of whom may be from various, even nonmedical, backgrounds).In addition, the way in which CTCAE is recorded varies among institutions.Whereas some institutions may have the research associate meet with and assess the patient, other institutions have the research associates abstract the medical record.This latter approach means that the research associate must interpret the clinician's own interpretation of the patient's experience.Each iteration takes us further from the scientific rigor of assessing the patient's actual experience with toxicities.
Comparative efficiency of national health systems: cross national econometric analysis
Authors: D. B Evans, A. Tandon, C. J L Murray, J. A Lauer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To improve the evidence base for health policy by devising a method to measure and monitor the performance of health systems. <b>Design:</b> Estimation of the relation between levels of population health and the inputs used to produce health. <b>Setting:</b> 191 countries. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Health system efficiency (performance). <b>Results:</b> Estimated efficiency varied from nearly fully efficient to nearly fully inefficient. Countries with a history of civil conflict or high prevalence of HIV and AIDS were less efficient. Performance increased with health expenditure per capita. <b>Conclusions:</b> Increasing the resources for health systems is critical to improving health in poor countries, but important gains can be made in most countries by using existing resources more efficiently. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Evidence on the effectiveness of health system reforms is scarce Studies have not used a consistent framework for specifying goals or measuring outcomes <h3>What this study adds</h3> Countries with the best levels of health do not always have efficient health systems Efficiency is related to expenditure on health per capita, especially at low expenditure The methods of measuring performance provide a basis for identifying policies that improve health and for monitoring reforms
RCGP nutrition group aims at helping GPs talk to patients about weight issues
Authors: R. Pryke
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Thank you, Emma Lewis, for reminding us of the need to improve the way doctors discuss sensitive health issues.1 Rather than providing an excuse for doctors to say less about weight, Emma’s words encourage us to learn better ways of discussing things—of finding ways to be relevant, constructive, and supportive. Those of us in …
PWE-129 Should SeHCAT be earlier in the algorithm for investigating chronic diarrhoea?
Authors: R Tunney, J McLaughlin
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a potentially under-recognised cause of chronic diarrhoea. An accurate diagnostic technology exists in the form of the SeHCAT (<sup>75</sup>Se—homotaurocholate) test. The British Society of Gastroenterology investigation algorithm places SeHCAT as a very late stage investigation, but if BAM is common or SeHCAT unavailable it may easily be overlooked. This is a treatable condition: the response to bile sequestrants as an empirical “investigation” is not an adequate approach. This study aimed to characterise the results of SeHCAT in a large cohort of patients, and also to determine how well adhered to were the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea. <h3>Methods</h3> The electronic records of 276 patients who underwent SeHCAT scanning between 2005 and 2011 were retrospectively analysed as a medical student project. <h3>Results</h3> Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) was very common in patients who underwent SeHCAT testing, found in 110 (40%) of the 276 patients. In the overall cohort, 136 patients had no prior underlying disease or surgery recorded that might cause diarrhoea, and 86 of these displayed no abnormalities on full screening including endoscopies and coeliac tests. Of the 110 with BAM, 28 had undergone neither endoscopy nor coeliac screening. Predictably, 22 of the 26 (85%) Crohn9s patients with a history of ileal resection had positive results, as did 15 of the 21 (71%) ileally resected patients who did not have Crohn9s disease. Sixteen patients (55%) with post-cholecystectomy diarrhoea showed evidence of BAM. <h3>Conclusion</h3> BAM is common in subjects undergoing SeHCAT. The current guidelines should be revised to take into account BAM as an important and common cause of diarrhoea, with SeHCAT earlier in the process. It is apparent that clinicians are not widely using the BSG algorithm, presumably using clinical judgement in patients in whom BAM seems likely, and, for example, opting not to undertake colonoscopy in many cases. In the absence of a terminal ileum, the BAM diagnosis is almost universal and the test is probably superfluous. A broader and contemporary health technology assessment including all patients currently investigated for chronic diarrhoea is now required in order to define a new algorithm. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
State of the art lecture: EUS for esophageal tumors
Authors: W. Marsman, P. Fockens
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Treatment and outcome of patients with esophageal cancer is stage dependent. Since its introduction in the early 1980 s, EUS has played a central role in the staging of esophageal cancer. Adequate staging of esophageal cancer is important in the initial triage of patients to receive immediate surgery, neoadjuvant therapy or palliative treatment only. Also in patients with early cancer, EUS can be used to evaluate the possibility of endoscopic mucosal resection. EUS remains superior in T- and N-staging of esophageal cancer compared to other imaging modalities such as CT, PET and MRI. New developments will hopefully further improve the staging of early lesions, stenotic lesions and the diagnostics of lymph node metastases. Nowadays many patients are being treated with neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. EUS could also play a role in the assessment of these therapies and to give direction towards further management.
Abstract 1256: Protein kinase G type Iα activity in human ovarian cancer cells contributes to enhanced Src activation and DNA synthesis/cell proliferation
Authors: Janica C. Wong, Elaine L. Leung, Mary G. Johlfs, Benjamin K. Tsang, Ronald R. Fiscus
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have previously shown that basal activity of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway protects human ovarian cancer cells against spontaneous apoptosis and confers resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The present study determines whether basal PKG activity up-regulates Src and induces cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells. PKG-Iα was identified as the predominant isoform of PKG expressed in both cisplatin-sensitive OV2008 and cisplatin-resistant A2780cp human ovarian cancer cells. In both cell lines, both ODQ, an inhibitor of endogenous-NO-induced cGMP biosynthesis, and DT-2, highly-specific inhibitor of PKG-Iα activity, as well as PKG siRNA caused concentration-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis (assessed by BrdU incorporation) under normal (plus-serum) growing conditions, indicating an important role of basal cGMP/PKG-Iα activity in promoting cell proliferation. DNA synthesis in OV2008 cells was dependent on Src activation, determined using selective Src inhibitor, 4-(4′-phenoxyanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (SKI-1). In vitro co-incubation of human recombinant Src and PKG-Iα resulted in Src-mediated tyrosine-phosphorylation of PKG-Iα and enhanced Src autophosphorylation at tyrosine-416, suggesting that Src directly tyrosine-phosphorylates PKG-Iα and the interaction between PKG-Iα and Src also leads to enhanced Src activation. The result was further confirmed by using immunoprecipitation of PKG, showing a concentration-dependent decrease in PKG tyrosine-phosphorylation by SKI in both ovarian cancer cell lines. In intact OV2008 cells, inhibition of basal PKG-Iα activity with DT-2 dramatically reduced endogenous Src activation and completely blocked the elevation of DNA synthesis stimulated by EGF. The data suggest that Src activation and DNA synthesis/cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells are dependent on endogenous basal PKG-Iα activity. The NO/cGMP/PKG-Iα signaling pathway may provide a novel therapeutic target for disrupting the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1256.
Androgen Receptor YAC Transgenic Mice Recapitulate SBMA Motor Neuronopathy and Implicate VEGF164 in the Motor Neuron Degeneration
Authors: Bryce L Sopher, Patrick S Thomas, Michelle A LaFevre-Bernt, Ida E Holm, Scott A Wilke, Carol B Ware, Lee-Way Jin, Randell T Libby, Lisa M Ellerby, Albert R La Spada
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Put health at the heart of transport policies, says BMA report
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Politicians and planners need to put health and not economics at the heart of transport policies to reduce unnecessary car use and make it easier to make short journeys on foot, by bike, and on public transport, says a report from the BMA.1

Road traffic density in the UK has increased steadily over the past 60 years with substantial rises in congestion and pollution, both of which have had negative health impacts, in addition to the detrimental toll of a more sedentary lifestyle. The miles travelled by car in the UK have increased nearly 16-fold from about 13 billion miles a year in 1949 to 240 billion miles in 2010.

Vivienne Nathanson, director of BMA professional activities, told the BMJ that current transport policy is …
Need for Intravenous Urography in Patients with Primary Transitional Carcinoma of the Bladder?
Authors: Felipe Herranz-Amo, Jos&eacute; M Diez-Cordero, Fernando Verd&uacute;-Tartajo, Gonzalo Bueno-Chom&oacute;n, Fernando Leal-Hern&aacute;ndez, Alejandro Bielsa-Carrillo
Journal: European Urology (1999)
Abstract 4110: Attenuation of colon cancer cell adaptation to hypoxia by cGMP-dependent protein kinase
Authors: In-Kiu Kwon, Rui Wang, Nikhil Prakash, Darren D. Browning
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract There is growing evidence for the antitumor effects of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) in colon cancer cells. We reported recently that ectopically expressed PKG resulted in defective angiogenesis in xenografts, and was associated with reduced levels of vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In order to better understand the therapeutic potential of this enzyme, the present work has examined the mechanism of VEGF regulation by PKG. In contrast to the SW620 xenografts, PKG had no effect on VEGF expression in SW620 cells grown under standard tissue culture conditions in vitro. However, the increase in VEGF expression observed when the cells were subjected to hypoxic stress was significantly attenuated by PKG at both the mRNA and protein levels. Using luciferase reporter assays, PKG was shown to inhibit hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional activity in several colon cancer cell lines, including SW620, HCT116, and HT29. The attenuation of HIF by PKG reflected a more fundamental inhibition of the hypoxic response, which was supported by the ability of PKG expression to block the hypoxia-induced activation of glycolytic genes including enolase and hexokinase 2. The reduced levels of glycolytic enzymes in PKG-expressing cells relative to control cells was associated with reduced glycolysis, mitochondrial activity, and cellular ATP levels under hypoxic conditions. While the inhibition of SW620 cell proliferation occurred independently of PKG expression in a 1% O2 environment, PKG reduced cell viability and increased necrosis under these conditions. These findings demonstrate for the first time that PKG can block the adaptation of colon cancer cells to hypoxia, and highlights this enzyme for further evaluation as a potential target for colon cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4110.
Verney Was Right, but . . .
Authors: Paul Stern, Heinz Valtin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The differential diagnosis of nonglucosuric polyuria (i.e., of diabetes insipidus) presents us with an ironic twist. In many ways, it is a prototype of the application of basic scientific principles to the diagnosis of disease. In the form of the Hickey–Hare test or of its modification, the water-deprivation test,1 this differential diagnosis is in effect a repetition of the classic experiments of E. B. Verney, who defined the osmoregulatory system for the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin).2 And yet, despite this logic, these tests fail to yield the correct diagnosis in a rather large proportion of patients.3 , 4 As . . .
C-reactive protein and serological indices of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: J V Bertouch, P J Roberts-Thompson, P H Feng, J Bradley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in sera from 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) showed no correlation with commonly accepted laboratory indices of disease activity. Most patients had detectable serum CRP, but in some patients CRP was not found despite repeated testing. This absence of a CRP response did not appear to be related to medication. In some patients high levels of CRP were seen in the absence of infection. Measurement of serum CRP in SLE is unlikely to be useful in the laboratory diagnosis of disease activity.
Improved Diastolic Function and Systolic Performance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy after Nifedipine
Authors: Beverly H. Lorell, Walter J. Paulus, William Grossman, Joshua Wynne, Peter F. Cohn, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

WE report the case of a 54-year-old woman with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without obstruction, in whom treatment with the calcium-channel blocking agent nifedipine improved both diastolic compliance and systolic performance, and relieved the symptoms of dyspnea and chest pain. These observations emphasize the importance of impaired diastolic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and focus attention on the potential of a new class of agents in treatment of this disorder.Case HistoryA 54-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of progressive, exertional dyspnea and chest pain. Cardiac catheterization, performed elsewhere when she was 36 and 46 years old, had revealed normal left . . .
Veno‐occlusive disease of the liver associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia treated with vincristine and standard doses of cytarabine
Authors: A.M. Boula, E. Mantadakis, I.M. Xilouri, A.V. Christoforidou, A.M. Foudoulakis, G. Samonis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract A unique case of a 72‐year‐old man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) who developed hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) after treatment with a single dose of vincristine and standard doses of cytarabine is described. Unexpected peroneal nerve palsy suggestive of vincristine neurotoxicity occurred concurrently and pointed to vincristine as the most likely cause of the VOD. To the best of our knowledge, association between vincristine and hepatic VOD has not been previously described in chemotherapy‐naive patients with CMML. Am. J. Hematol. 79:216–219, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.