tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE INDICATIONS FOR NEPHROPEXY
Authors: W. Billington
Journal: BMJ (1909)

lfTOBSJ J 10,AI55 ilium and a drainage tube inserted.Through this tube there wasfree irrigation with Wright's sddium citrate and saline solution.On the following day, June 19th, the pneumococcic index was low, 0.81, and the coli index 1.05; a vaccine of 25 millions pneumococci and 50 millions Bacillus coli was injected, both organisms on this occasion, and subsequently, being isolated from the pus obtained at the time of operation.A rise in the opsonic power of the blood for the pneumococcus took place, and it was not again found below normal.Concurrently, the OSNC INDEX,FORPNEUMOCCUS FORBAGILLUSCOLI..
Some Practical Aspects of Cancer Prevention
Authors: Ernest L. Wynder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

Carcinoma of the Skin Incidence The difference between morbidity and mortality data in cancer of the skin reflects the curability of this form of malignant disease. In 1940 in the United States the incidence of skin-cancer cases per 100,000 among white males and females was 38 and 28 respectively, whereas the mortality per 100,000 white population was 2.6 and 1.7 respectively.209 In 1948, 2111 males and 1451 females died of cancer of the skin in the United States, whereas 522 males and 46 females died from cancer of the lip and 35 died from cancer of the scrotum in the . . .
In vivo tretinoin-induced changes in skin mechanical properties
Authors: E. BERARDESCA, P. GABBA, N. FARINELLI, G. BORRONI, G. RABBIOSI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Topical tretinoin has been reported as having anti‐aging effects on photodamaged skin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tretinoin‐induced changes in the mechanical properties of the skin of 18 patients (aged 39±8 years) after 4 months of treatment with topical 0.05% tretinoin on one forearm and a placebo base cream on the other. The biomechanical skin parameters investigated were elasticity, extensibility and hysteresis and data were normalized for skin thickness. A slight but non‐significant increase of skin elasticity was detected in the tretinoin‐treated sites using low‐stressing forces (1·2 × 104 Nm−2) and at higher loads (3·8 × 104 Nm−2), the increase in skin elasticity was significant (P<0·01). This improved skin elasticity was dependent on the increased collagen resulting from topical tretinoin and the replacement of elastotic material. However, topical tretinoin treatment did not improve the responses mediated by elastic fibres.
Palliative Care for Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Steven Z. Pantilat
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Heart failure accounts for more hospitalizations among Medicare beneficiaries than any other condition. Its symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema, can be frightening and diminish quality of life. Although treatment advances have allowed patients to live longer with a better quality of life, heart failure remains a leading cause of death in the United States. Half of heart failure patients die within 5 years of diagnosis, and for many patients, death is sudden. Given the availability of effective treatments, the prevalence of distressing symptoms, and a persistent high risk of death that may occur suddenly, physicians must simultaneously treat the underlying condition while helping patients plan for future needs and complete advance directives. Using the case of Mr R, a 74-year-old man with heart failure, we illustrate ways that physicians can address these issues to improve the care of patients with heart failure, including symptom management and discussing advance directives, prognosis, and hospice care. By combining optimal medical management with palliative care, physicians can best care for heart failure patients and their families.
THE PATHOLOGIC ANALOGY OF BRIGHT'S DISEASE AND SYPHILIS.
Authors: W. H. WHITEHEAD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

First having my attention called to the efficacy of specific treatment in a case of albuminuria, in which I gave the mixed treatment of potassium iodid ard mercury bichlorid for specific trouble, I was greatly surprised to see the albumin disappear, instead of its being increased by the supposed irritant properties of the iodid (as I had been taught it was "hard" on the kidneys), and was led to make a series of experiments in an effort to discover the modus operandi of this mixture, and whether it was the iodid or the mercury that produced the result, also, was the remedy only applicable to specific kidney lesion, or was it a remedy for the condition which we know as Bright's disease, but which I prefer to call arterio-sclerosis renal, as this term conveys some idea of the pathology of the condition.
Does the risk of childhood diabetes mellitus require revision of the guideline values for nitrate in drinking water?
Authors: J M van Maanen, H J Albering, T M de Kok, S G van Breda, D M Curfs, I T Vermeer, A W Ambergen, B H Wolffenbuttel, J C Kleinjans, H M Reeser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In recent years, several studies have addressed a possible relationship between nitrate exposure and childhood type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The present ecologic study describes a possible relation between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and nitrate levels in drinking water in The Netherlands, and evaluates whether the World Health Organization and the European Commission standard for nitrate in drinking water (50 mg/L) is adequate to prevent risk of this disease. During 1993-1995 in The Netherlands, 1,104 cases of type 1 diabetes were diagnosed in children 0-14 years of age. We were able to use 1,064 of these cases in a total of 2,829,020 children in this analysis. We classified mean nitrate levels in drinking water in 3,932 postal code areas in The Netherlands in 1991-1995 into two exposure categories. One category was based on equal numbers of children exposed to different nitrate levels (0.25-2.08, 2.10-6.42, and 6.44-41.19 mg/L nitrate); the other was based on cut-off values of 10 and 25 mg/L nitrate. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for type 1 diabetes in subgroups of the 2,829,020 children with respect to both nitrate exposure categories, sex, and age and as compared in univariate analysis using the chi-square test for trend. We compared the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by multivariate analysis in a Poisson regression model. We found an effect of increasing age of the children on incidence of type 1 diabetes, but we did not find an effect of sex or of nitrate concentration in drinking water using the two exposure categories. For nitrate levels > 25 mg/L, an increased SIR and an increased IRR of 1.46 were observed; however, this increase was not statistically significant, probably because of the small number of cases (15 of 1,064). We concluded that there is no convincing evidence that nitrate in drinking water at current exposure levels is a risk factor for childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in The Netherlands, although a threshold value > 25 mg/L for the occurrence of this disease can not be excluded.
Weakness and "Vertigo" in a 37-Year-Old Woman
Authors: George J. Hamwi
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The interesting case presented in the Dec 21, 1964, issue ( QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS,<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:1086) concerning vertigo, reduced alertness, and low blood sugar levels after eating, suggests a forme fruste of an insulin-secreting pancreatic adenoma. I agree with Dr. Hamwi that functional disease must be considered but feel very strongly that such a diagnosis should not be made until a twoday fast with good exercise is carried out. There are numerous mild chronic cases of this syndrome seen but not recognized. If the above tests were negative a diet low in carbohydrate and high in protein should be recommended, since this patient has all of her symptoms in the immediate postprandial period. David H. Kohl, MD Pittsburgh The suggestion that the patient might have the forme fruste of an insulin-secreting adenoma is an interesting one. Although in the process of diagnosing pancreatic islet cell adenoma one
Proctitis with Caecitis: An Atypical Presentation of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: M. D. Hill, G. Davies, A. S. McIntyre, D. A. Gorard
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Ulcerative colitis is characterized as an inflammatory process of the distal colonic mucosa, which may extend proximally. Its proximal extension is classically as a continuous lesion. We describe six patients presenting with typical ulcerative proctiits, who were also found to have an inflammatory area in the caecum, while the remaining colon was macroscopically and histologically normal. With no features to support a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, we believe these cases challenge the classic teaching that ulcerative colitis is a continuous disease. Performing total colonoscopy in patients who seem to have solely distal colitis will permit recognition of this distribution of inflammation.
Prospective multicenter quality assessment of endotherapy of biliary stones: does center volume matter?
Authors: E. Masci, G. Minoli, M. Rossi, V. Terruzzi, U. Comin, P. Ravelli, F. Buffoli, A. Lomazzi, M. Dinelli, A. Prada, A. Zambelli, E. Fesce, F. Lella, R. Fasoli, E. Perego, E. Colombo, G. Bianchi, P. Testoni
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de E. Masci et al., pp. 1076Endoscopy 2007; 39(12): 85-86DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308892
Atopy, Asthma, and Emphysema in Patients with Severe α -1-Antitrypysin Deficiency
Authors: EDWARD EDEN, DEAN MITCHELL, BRUCE MEHLMAN, HASSAN KHOULI, MORRIS NEJAT, MICHAEL H. GRIECO, GERARD M. TURINO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Bronchial asthma is characterized by episodic airway obstruction and associated with wheezing, a bronchodilator response, an elevation in total serum IgE, and atopy. To determine whether asthma is more common in subjects with severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency ( α1-ATD) and airway obstruction, we compared 38 patients who had this condition (Group 1) with 22 control patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Group 2) and with five subjects with α1-ATD and normal spirometry (Group 3). Subjects were evaluated with a symptom questionnaire, pulmonary function testing, intradermal allergen testing, and serum IgE measurement. Self-reported wheezing was a common symptom in all patient groups, but attacks of wheezing with dyspnea were significantly more common in Group 1. Of those patients with airway obstruction, more than 50% showed a bronchodilator response whether suffering from α1-ATD or not. Atopy was more common in Group 1 than in Group 2 (48% versus 27%). Mean serum IgE for all groups was similar but significantly greater in patients with atopy. We estimated the prevalence of asthma in the study groups on the basis of the criteria of attacks of wheezing, reversible airway obstruction, atopy, and that increased IgE. The proportion of patients with asthma in Group 1 was significantly greater than that in Group 2 (22% versus 5%, p < 0.05). Our study shows that with control for the degree of airway obstruction, asthma, as defined, is more common in patients with α1-ATD than in those without it. We suggest that a lack of α1-AT in airways increases the propensity to develop asthma. Eden E, Mitchell D, Mehlman B, Khouli H, Nejat M, Grieco MH, Turino GM. Atopy, asthma, and emphysema in patients with severe α -1-antitrypsin deficiency.
In vivo evolution of HIV-1 co-receptor usage and sensitivity to chemokine-mediated suppression
Authors: Gabriella Scarlatti, Eleonora Tresoldi, Åsa Björndal, Robert Fredriksson, Claudia Colognesi, Hong Kui Deng, Mauro S. Malnati, Anna Plebani, Antonio G. Siccardi, Dan R. Littman, Eva Maria Fenyö, Paolo Lusso
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Effects of timolol on adenine nucleotide catabolism in cat hearts with acute regional ischaemia
Authors: L. STANGELAND, K. GRONG, A. M BAKKEN, M. FARSTAD, J. LEKVEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Journal Article Effects of timolol on adenine nucleotide catabolism in cat hearts with acute regional ischaemia Get access LODVE STANGELAND, LODVE STANGELAND From the Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, N-5016 Haukeland Hospital, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KETIL GRONG, KETIL GRONG From the Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, N-5016 Haukeland Hospital, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ANNE M BAKKEN, ANNE M BAKKEN From the Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, N-5016 Haukeland Hospital, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MIKAEL FARSTAD, MIKAEL FARSTAD From the Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, N-5016 Haukeland Hospital, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JON LEKVEN JON LEKVEN * From the Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, N-5016 Haukeland Hospital, Norway *Address for reprint requests: Jon Lekven, MD, Surgical Research Laboratory. University of Bergen, Haukeland Hospital, N-5016 Bergen, Norway. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 18, Issue 6, June 1984, Pages 327–334, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/18.6.327 Published: 01 June 1984
Effect on costs of ACC/AHA guidelines for preoperative cardiac risk assessment before aortic surgery
Authors: J.B. Froehlich, P. Russman, D.J. Karavite, N. Erdem, M. Freedman, C.G. Wise, G.B. Zelenock, T.W. Wakefield, J.C. Stanley, K.A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The terminator mouse: salvation for primary cell culture
Authors: Nazanin Kabgani, Marcus J. Moeller
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

The Terminator had to come back from the future already several times in an effort to bring salvation to mankind. In the present issue of Kidney International, Guo et al. brought us a novel transgenic mouse model: the terminator mouse. This highly elegant mouse may facilitate significantly the derivation of primary cultures of a specific cell type from a tissue containing multiple cell populations.
Secondary Prophylaxis with Warfarin for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Harry R. Büller, Martin H. Prins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

There are two phases in the treatment of patients with symptomatic venous thromboembolism: initial treatment and secondary prophylaxis. Initial therapy usually consists of either subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin or intravenous unfractionated heparin, whereas oral vitamin K antagonists (such as warfarin) are generally prescribed for secondary prophylaxis.The evidence that an initial five-to-seven-day course of the direct-acting anticoagulant heparin is indeed warranted comes from two clinical trials. The first is the landmark 1960 study by Barritt and Jordan, who compared a combination of heparin and warfarin with no treatment in patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism.1 The study was stopped prematurely after only . . .
"Millennium bug" is threat to patients
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The threat of the “millennium bug” to computers in Britain's public services is greatest in the NHS, a House of Commons committee has reported. The NHS chief executive, Sir Alan Langlands, said that he could not guarantee that nobody would die as a direct result of the problems.

The public accounts committee found that the NHS had got off to a late start in tackling the issue, particularly in identifying the potential problems with medical equipment, …
Coronary CT Angiography in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: María Elena Soto, Gabriela Meléndez-Ramírez, Eric Kimura-Hayama, Aloha Meave-Gonzalez, Stephan Achenbach, Mary C. Herrera, Eid-Lidt Guering, Erick Alexánderson-Rosas, Pedro A. Reyes
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Genetic toxicology: current status of methods of carcinogen identification.
Authors: R W Tennant, E Zeiger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A critical aspect of the efforts to relate the results of short-term genetic toxicity tests with those from long-term rodent tests for carcinogens is the quality and consistency of the studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program. Analysis of the results in relationship to chemical structure has shown that mutagenic potential is a primary risk factor for carcinogen identification. Chemicals positive in the Salmonella assay-generally possess "structural alerts" for electrophilic interactions, are predominantly represented among chemicals producing trans-species carcinogenic effects in rodents, and among those identified as carcinogenic to humans. Current efforts are aimed at defining toxicological, structural, and mechanistic properties of nonmutagens that are carcinogenic in rodents.
Bumetanide decreases canine cerebrospinal fluid production. In vivo evidence for NaCl cotransport in the central nervous system.
Authors: S Javaheri, K R Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Na/K/2Cl cotransport carrier plays an important role in fluid absorption and secretion in many epithelial tissues. The role of the carrier, however, in mammalian choroidal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production has been controversial. We used ventriculo-cisternal perfusion (VCP) labeled with blue dextran with or without bumetanide and measured choroidal CSF production in anesthetized, and paralyzed, mechanically ventilated dogs. During 3 h of VCP, mean intracerebroventricular and arterial pressures, PaCO2, pH, [HCO3-], and serum osmolality remained normal in both groups (n = 9 in each group). Beginning 90 min after the start of VCP, choroidal CSF production was measured every 15 min. In group I (control group), values for CSF production (means +/- SD) were 49 +/- 20, 49 +/- 21, 51 +/- 21, 51 +/- 23, 48 +/- 20, 56 +/- 24, and 48 +/- 20 microliters/min, at 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, and 180 min, respectively. These values did not differ significantly from each other. In group II (bumetanide group), after baseline control CSF production had been determined at 90 and 105 min, bumetanide (10(-4) mol/liter) was added to VCP. Mean values for CSF production were 54 +/- 15 and 52 +/- 17 microliters/min before, and 39 +/- 25, 34 +/- 19, 28 +/- 10, 30 +/- 17, and 30 +/- 18 microliters/min after addition of bumetanide at 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, and 180 min, respectively. Comparing the two groups, baseline values for CSF production measured at 90 and 105 min did not differ significantly. After addition of bumetanide (group II), however, decrements in CSF production varied from 30 +/- 27% at 120 min to 47 +/- 14% at 150 min, which were significantly different from changes in group I. The results of this study indicate that NaCl cotransport carrier is involved in secretion of CSF in dogs, and inhibition of the transporter results in approximately 50% reduction in CSF production.
Hospitalization for Possible Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John A. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The article by Schor et al is replete with various pejorative words, including the implication that many of the patients who were admitted were hospitalized unnecessarily or in error.  The presentation of a patient to the emergency room with symptoms not incompatible with acute myocardial infarction sometimes represents an epistemic dilemma that can only be resolved in a safe place. If it turns out that the patient has not had an acute myocardial infarction, no error has been made. However, the use of language like this in a scientific article indicates a lack of understanding of the problem-solving nature of hospitalization.
The Distribution of Intrarenal Blood Flow in Normal and Hypertensive Man
Authors: JEROME LOWENSTEIN, PHILIP R. STEINMETZ, RICHARD M. EFFROS, MICHEL DEMEESTER, HERBERT CHASIS, DAVID S. BALDWIN, DOMINGO M. GOMEZ
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Observations were made on eight normotensive subjects and on 12 patients with essential hypertension to determine whether the intrarenal distribution of blood flow is altered in essential hypertension. Dye-dilution curves were recorded across the renal vascular bed and a set of integral transformations, developed by Gomez, was used to determine distribution of blood flow per unit renal blood volume across the renal vascular bed from dye-dilution curves. Observations also were made on two hypertensives and two normotensives during administration of norepinephrine. The distribution of specific blood flow and the functional renal blood volume in the right kidney of patients with essential hypertension were comparable to those in normal subjects, but the mean specific blood flow was reduced in essential hypertension. Failure to demonstrate altered distribution of specific blood flow in essential hypertension indicated an absence of focal reductions in renal blood flow and that blood flow is reduced uniformly throughout the renal vascular bed in essential hypertension. This reduction in specific renal blood flow is attributed to arteriolar vasoconstriction.
<i>Cry j</i> I, a major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, has pectate lyase enzyme activity
Authors: Y. Taniguchi, A. Ono, M. Sawatani, M. Nanba, K. Kohno, M. Usui, M. Kurimoto, T. Matuhasi
Journal: Allergy (1995)

In the course of analyzing the partial amino acid sequences of Cry j I, a major allergen of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen, we found a peptide fragment which has a significant homology to some pectate lyase isozymes secreted by plant pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, we investigated whether Cry j I has pectate lyase activity. Cry j I reacted with polygalacturonic acid, resulting in the release of unsaturated uronide products. The optimum temperature and pH for the reaction were 60–70°C and pH 10. The enzymatic reaction had an absolute Ca 2+ ion requirement. These characteristics were very compatible with the character of the pectate lyase isozymes reported previously. These results clearly show that Cry j I has pectate lyase activity.
Removal of Gastrostomy Tubes
Authors: Todd A. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Korula and Harma<sup>1</sup>and a letter by Vermula<sup>2</sup>suggested that cutting a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube at the skin level and allowing passage of the remnant internally is a cost-effective method of gastrostomy removal without serious complications. This method proved to be fatal in a patient who recently came under our care. The patient was an elderly woman who suffered an anoxic brain injury in the immediate postoperative period following a total abdominal hysterectomy. She had a PEG tube placed for feeding purposes. Over the subsequent several months, she was able to resume oral feedings so the gastrostomy tube was removed by the "cost-effective" method. Four weeks after removal of the gastrostomy tube, the patient presented to our emergency department with a 2-day history of increasing abdominal pain and a change in mental status. On presentation, she was noncommunicative and incoherent and had signs