tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Variable Pump Flow–Based Doppler Ultrasound Method
Authors: Chih-Ching Lin, Chao-Fu Chang, Hong-Jen Chiou, Ying-Chou Sun, Shou-Shan Chiang, Ming-Wei Lin, Pui-Ching Lee, Wu-Chang Yang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Decreasing vascular access flow (Qa) is an important predictor of future access thrombosis and malfunction for hemodialysis (HD) patients. Among all of the methods for determining Qa, the variable pump flow (VPF) Doppler method measures Qa according to the change in Doppler signal between the arterial and the venous needles under different pump flow. After this technique was combined with spectral analysis of Duplex Doppler imaging, the variable pump flow–based Doppler ultrasound method (VPFDUM) for Qa measurement was developed. This study compared the reproducibility and correlation of Qa measurements for three different methods—VPFDUM, ultrasound dilution method (UDM), and conventional Doppler ultrasound method (CDUM)—in 55 HD patients. The mean value of Qa by VPFDUM (870.8 ± 412.0 ml/min) was close to that by UDM (868.6 ± 417.9 ml/min) but higher than that by CDUM (either of the above values <i>versus</i> 685.1 ± 303.6 ml/min; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.005). The mean values of coefficient of variation were similar by VPFDUM (1.6%) and UDM (1.4%) but lower than that by CDUM (either of the above values <i>versus</i> 6.8%; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). The correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient of the repeated Qa measurements by VPFDUM (0.985 and 0.993; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) were also similar to those by UDM (0.992 and 0.995; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) but slightly higher than those by CDUM (0.917 and 0.948; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.005). Either the reproducibility of VPFDUM (<i>r</i>=0.98, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) or the correlation between VPFDUM and UDM (<i>r</i>=0.99, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) in Qa measurements is good. The unassisted patency of vascular access at 6 mo was significantly poorer in patients with Qa &lt;500 ml/min than those with Qa &gt;500 ml/min (13.6% <i>versus</i> 92.2%; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, VPFDUM is a noninvasive, accurate, and reliable procedure for Qa measurement and prediction of the prognosis of vascular access in HD patients.
The molecular biology of retinoic acid receptors: orphan from good family seeks home
Authors: J. REES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article The molecular biology of retinoic acid receptors: orphan from good family seeks home Get access J. REES J. REES University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 2, 1 February 1992, Pages 97–104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07804.x Published: 01 February 1992
Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Michael L. LeFevre
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Description: New USPSTF recommendation on screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults. Methods: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on screening for and treatment of vitamin D deficiency, including the benefits and harms of screening and early treatment. Population: This recommendation applies to community-dwelling, nonpregnant adults aged 18 years or older who are seen in primary care settings and are not known to have signs or symptoms of vitamin D deficiency or conditions for which vitamin D treatment is recommended. Recommendation: The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for vitamin D deficiency in asymptomatic adults. (I statement)
Sequencing three crocodilian genomes to illuminate the evolution of archosaurs and amniotes
Authors: John A St John, Edward L Braun, Sally R Isberg, Lee G Miles, Amanda Y Chong, Jaime Gongora, Pauline Dalzell, Christopher Moran, Bertrand Bed'Hom, Arkhat Abzhanov, Shane C Burgess, Amanda M Cooksey, Todd A Castoe, Nicholas G Crawford, Llewellyn D Densmore, Jennifer C Drew, Scott V Edwards, Brant C Faircloth, Matthew K Fujita, Matthew J Greenwold, Federico G Hoffmann, Jonathan M Howard, Taisen Iguchi, Daniel E Janes, Shahid Yar Khan, Satomi Kohno, AP Jason de Koning, Stacey L Lance, Fiona M McCarthy, John E McCormack, Mark E Merchant, Daniel G Peterson, David D Pollock, Nader Pourmand, Brian J Raney, Kyria A Roessler, Jeremy R Sanford, Roger H Sawyer, Carl J Schmidt, Eric W Triplett, Tracey D Tuberville, Miryam Venegas-Anaya, Jason T Howard, Erich D Jarvis, Louis J Guillette, Travis C Glenn, Richard E Green, David A Ray
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

The International Crocodilian Genomes Working Group (ICGWG) will sequence and assemble the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) genomes. The status of these projects and our planned analyses are described.
Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation
Authors: Rafael Ortega, Michael Song, Christopher J Hansen, Paul Barash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Traditionally, when internal jugular vein cannulation has been performed, external anatomical landmarks and palpation have been used to guide insertion of the needle into the vessel. However, depending on the operator's experience and the patient's anatomy, this procedure may be difficult or unsuccessful. Over the past decade, the increased use of ultrasound to guide internal jugular vein cannulation has improved success rates, reduced the time required to perform the procedure, and resulted in fewer complications. This technique requires an understanding of the neck anatomy as well as skill in performing and interpreting the results . . . .
The Effect of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine on Ventricular Vulnerability
Authors: BRIAN F. HOFFMAN, ARTHUR A. SIEBENS, PAUL F. CRANEFLELD, CHANDLER McC. BROOKS
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The effectiveness of l-epinephrine and l-norepinephrine in enhancing ventricular vulnerability has been compared in twelve dogs by obtaining fibrillation thresholds for single test stimuli. Both agents produce similar increases in vulnerability immediately following injection, and similar decreases in vulnerability at longer intervals following drug administration. These changes in vulnerability occur simultaneously with alterations of the same direction in resting excitability, and are dose-related. It is concluded that these agents have qualitatively and quantitatively similar effects on ventricular vulnerability.
Learning and Memory Functions of the Basal Ganglia
Authors: Mark G. Packard, Barbara J. Knowlton
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2002)

▪ Abstract Although the mammalian basal ganglia have long been implicated in motor behavior, it is generally recognized that the behavioral functions of this subcortical group of structures are not exclusively motoric in nature. Extensive evidence now indicates a role for the basal ganglia, in particular the dorsal striatum, in learning and memory. One prominent hypothesis is that this brain region mediates a form of learning in which stimulus-response (S-R) associations or habits are incrementally acquired. Support for this hypothesis is provided by numerous neurobehavioral studies in different mammalian species, including rats, monkeys, and humans. In rats and monkeys, localized brain lesion and pharmacological approaches have been used to examine the role of the basal ganglia in S-R learning. In humans, study of patients with neurodegenerative diseases that compromise the basal ganglia, as well as research using brain neuroimaging techniques, also provide evidence of a role for the basal ganglia in habit learning. Several of these studies have dissociated the role of the basal ganglia in S-R learning from those of a cognitive or declarative medial temporal lobe memory system that includes the hippocampus as a primary component. Evidence suggests that during learning, basal ganglia and medial temporal lobe memory systems are activated simultaneously and that in some learning situations competitive interference exists between these two systems.
Human umbilical cord blood stem cells show PDGF-D–dependent glioma cell tropism in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Christopher S. Gondi, Krishna Kumar Veeravalli, Bharathi Gorantla, Dzung H. Dinh, Dan Fassett, Jeffrey D. Klopfenstein, Meena Gujrati, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2010)

Despite advances in clinical therapies and technologies, the prognosis for patients with malignant glioma is poor. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have a chemotactic tropism toward glioma cells. The use of NSCs as carriers of therapeutic agents for gliomas is currently being explored. Here, we demonstrate that cells isolated from the umbilical cord blood show mesenchymal characteristics and can differentiate to adipocytes, osteocytes, and neural cells and show tropism toward cancer cells. We also show that these stem cells derived from the human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) induce apoptosis-like cell death in the glioma cell line SNB19 via Fas-mediated caspase-8 activation. From our glioma tropism studies, we have observed that hUCB cells show tropism toward glioma cells in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. We determined that this migration is partially dependent on the expression levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-D from glioma cells and have observed that local concentration gradient of PDGF-D is sufficient to cause migration of hUCB cells toward the gradient as seen from our brain slice cultures. In our animal experiment studies, we observed that intracranially implanted SNB19 green fluorescent protein cells induced tropism of the hUCB cells toward themselves. In addition, the ability of these hUCBs to inhibit established intracranial tumors was also observed. We also determined that the migration of stem cells toward glioma cells was partially dependent on PDGF secreted by glioma cells and that the presence of PDGF-receptor (PDGFR) on hUCB is required for migration. Our results demonstrate that hUCB are capable of inducing apoptosis in human glioma cells and also show that glioma tropism and hUCB tropism toward glioma cells are partially dependent on the PDGF/PGGFR system.
Associations between fetal size, maternal -tocopherol and childhood asthma
Authors: S. W. Turner, D. Campbell, N. Smith, L. C. A. Craig, G. McNeill, S. H. Forbes, P. J. Harbour, A. Seaton, P. J. Helms, G. S. Devereux
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> The origins of respiratory disease might be traced back to exposures during fetal life. The aim of the present study was to explore whether there was a relationship between fetal size and respiratory outcomes at 5 years of age in the context of fetal exposure to vitamin E. <h3>Methods</h3> A longitudinal birth cohort study was recruited (n=1924). Antenatal ultrasound scan results were identified and the following recorded: crown–rump length (CRL) in the first trimester; femur length (FL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) in the second trimester. Maternal plasma α-tocopherol (vitamin E) was measured at the time of the first trimester scan. At 5 years, wheeze and asthma symptoms were reported by questionnaire, and spirometry was measured. <h3>Results</h3> CRL, spirometry and questionnaire data at 5 years were available for 835, 579 and 1145 individuals, respectively. There were positive associations between CRL and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>; 5 ml increase in FEV<sub>1</sub> per mm CRL, p=0.001, n=283), forced vital capacity (FVC; 6 ml increase in FVC per mm CRL, p=0.001) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF<sub>25–75</sub>; 0.008 ml/s increase in FEF<sub>25–75</sub> per mm CRL, p=0.023), and inverse relationships with CRL and current wheeze (OR 0.59 per CRL quartile, p=0.026, n=547) and asthma (OR 0.55 per CRL quartile p=0.011). CRL was positively associated with maternal plasma α-tocopherol (p=0.002). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings support the concept of very early fetal programming of respiratory disease. Maternal vitamin E status may be one determinant for growth of the fetus and fetal lungs during early pregnancy.
p53 Attenuates Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion through Repression of SDF-1/CXCL12 Expression in Stromal Fibroblasts
Authors: Neta Moskovits, Alexander Kalinkovich, Jair Bar, Tsvee Lapidot, Moshe Oren
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor acts as a major barrier against cancer. To a large extent, this is due to its ability to maintain genome stability and to eliminate cancer cells from the replicative pool through cell-autonomous mechanisms. However, in addition to its well-documented functions within the malignant cancer cell, p53 can also exert non-cell-autonomous effects that contribute to tumor suppression. We now report that p53 can suppress the production of the chemokine SDF-1 in cultured fibroblasts of both human and mouse origin. This is due to a p53-mediated down-regulation of SDF-1 mRNA, which can be exacerbated on activation of p53 by the drug Nutlin-3. SDF-1 promotes the migration and invasiveness of cells that express its cognate receptor CXCR4. Indeed, medium conditioned by p53-deficient fibroblasts induces cancer cells towards increased directional migration and invasiveness, which are largely reversed by CXCR4 antagonist peptides. Because SDF-1 produced by stromal fibroblasts plays an important role in cancer progression and metastasis, our findings suggest that the ability of p53 to suppress stromal SDF-1 production may be an important mechanism whereby it does its non-cell-autonomous tumor suppressor function. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10671-6)
Complementary DNA cloning and immunologic characterization of a new Penicillium citrinum allergen (Pen c 3)
Authors: Horng-Der Shen, Chih-Wen Wang, Hong Chou, Win-Ling Lin, Ming F. Tam, Mei-Hsiang Huang, Ming-Ling Kuo, Soo-Ray Wang, Shou-Hwa Han
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Compartmentalization of β-Adrenergic Signals in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yang K. Xiang
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Activation of adrenergic receptors (AR) represents the primary mechanism to increase cardiac performance under stress. Activated βAR couple to Gs protein, leading to adenylyl cyclase-dependent increases in secondary-messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to activate protein kinase A. The increased protein kinase A activities promote phosphorylation of diversified substrates, ranging from the receptor and its associated partners to proteins involved in increases in contractility and heart rate. Recent progress with live-cell imaging has drastically advanced our understanding of the βAR-induced cAMP and protein kinase A activities that are precisely regulated in a spatiotemporal fashion in highly differentiated myocytes. Several features stand out: membrane location of βAR and its associated complexes dictates the cellular compartmentalization of signaling; βAR agonist dose-dependent equilibrium between cAMP production and cAMP degradation shapes persistent increases in cAMP signals for sustained cardiac contraction response; and arrestin acts as an agonist dose-dependent master switch to promote cAMP diffusion and propagation into intracellular compartments by sequestrating phosphodiesterase isoforms associated with the βAR signaling cascades. These features and the underlying molecular mechanisms of dynamic regulation of βAR complexes with adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase enzymes and the implication in heart failure are discussed.
Remodeling in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: PETER K. JEFFERY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITIO...ALTERATIONS TO LARGE AIRW...ALTERATIONS TO VASCULATUR...CHANGES TO SMALL AIRWAYS ...SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
The acute nociceptive signals induced by bradykinin in rat sensory neurons are mediated by inhibition of M-type K+ channels and activation of Ca2+-activated Cl– channels
Authors: Boyi Liu, John E. Linley, Xiaona Du, Xuan Zhang, Lezanne Ooi, Hailin Zhang, Nikita Gamper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Bradykinin (BK) is an inflammatory mediator and one of the most potent endogenous pain-inducing substances. When released at sites of tissue damage or inflammation, or applied exogenously, BK produces acute spontaneous pain and causes hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to potentially painful stimuli). The mechanisms underlying spontaneous pain induced by BK are poorly understood. Here we report that in small nociceptive neurons from rat dorsal root ganglia, BK, acting through its B2 receptors, PLC, and release of calcium from intracellular stores, robustly inhibits M-type K+ channels and opens Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) encoded by Tmem16a (also known as Ano1). Summation of these two effects accounted for the depolarization and increase in AP firing induced by BK in DRG neurons. Local injection of inhibitors of CaCC and specific M-channel openers both strongly attenuated the nociceptive effect of local injections of BK in rats. These results provide a framework for understanding spontaneous inflammatory pain and may suggest new drug targets for treatment of such pain.
Alternative hypotheses for the role of promotion in chemical carcinogenesis.
Authors: V R Potter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

A new protocol for carcinogenesis in rat liver is described in order that confirmatory experiments might be undertaken concurrently. The basic protocol, designated IPI (initiator + promoter + initiator), is presented in several alternative forms, including the possible use of X-irradiation as the initiator. The rationale is discussed in terms of the two-hit somatic mutation theory of Armitage and Doll, with an initial hit produced by the first dose of initiator and expansion of single cells to sizable clones by promotion thereby increasing the probability of a second hit by the second dose of initiator. The question of relevant mutations was taken up and it was proposed that genes for chalones (C) and for chalone receptors (R) are logical targets for consideration in a two-mutation sequence. Alternative hypotheses pertaining to promoter action were described in terms of possible mechanisms by which nonelectrophilic promoters might simulate a second mutation by increasing or decreasing the levels of a nonchromosomal replicating particle in target cells.
High-dose therapy with autologous haematopoietic support in patients with transformed follicular lymphoma: A study of 27 patients from a single centre
Authors: J.M. Foran, J. Apostolidis, D. Papamichael, A.J. Norton, J. Matthews, J.A.L. Amess, T.A. Lister, A.Z.S. Rohatiner
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Prophylactic Heparin in Patients with Severe Sepsis Treated with Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated)
Authors: Marcel Levi, Mitchell Levy, Mark D. Williams, Ivor Douglas, Antonio Artigas, Massimo Antonelli, Duncan Wyncoll, Jonathan Janes, Frank V. Booth, Dazhe Wang, David P. Sundin, William L. Macias
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Patients with severe sepsis frequently receive prophylactic heparin during drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA) treatment due to risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs). Biological plausibility exists for heparin to reduce DrotAA efficacy and/or increase bleeding.Primary: demonstrate in adult patients with severe sepsis receiving DrotAA treatment that 28-day mortality was equivalent for patients treated with concomitant prophylactic heparin compared with placebo; secondary: safety and VTE incidence.International, randomized, double-blind, phase 4, equivalence-design trial (n = 1994). Patients were eligible if indicated for and receiving DrotAA treatment under the country's approved label. Study drug (low molecular weight/unfractionated heparin) or placebo (saline) was administered every 12 hours during DrotAA infusion (24 ug/kg/hr for 96 hr). In patients on baseline heparin and randomized to placebo, heparin was stopped.Twenty-eight-day mortality was not equivalent between treatment groups. Heparin mortality was numerically lower (28.3 vs. 31.9%; p = 0.08). In the prospectively defined subgroup of patients exposed to heparin at baseline, patients receiving placebo experienced higher mortality (35.6 vs. 26.9%; p = 0.005). For safety, significant differences were observed during Days 0-6 for any bleeding event (placebo, n = 78; heparin, n = 105; p = 0.049) and ischemic stroke during Days 0-6 (placebo, n = 12; heparin, n = 3; p = 0.02) and Days 0-28 (placebo, n = 17; heparin, n = 5; p = 0.009). The VTE rate was low, with no statistical difference between groups (0-6 d, p = 0.60; 0-28 d, p = 0.26).Compared with placebo, concomitant prophylactic heparin was not equivalent, did not increase 28-day mortality, and had an acceptable safety profile in patients with severe sepsis receiving DrotAA. Heparin discontinuation should be carefully weighed in patients considered for DrotAA treatment. XPRESS clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00049777). The study ID numbers are 6743; F1K-MC-EVBR.
Decompensated alcoholic liver disease and birth weight
Authors: A. Ali, J. Jones, M. P. Bradley, R. Davies, R. J. Beck, D. Gleeson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Only a minority of heavy drinkers develop serious alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Low birth weight has been associated with a several adult-onset diseases such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension and type 2 diabetes.1 Its association with ALD is not established. Using case-control strategy the authors aim to assess the associations between decompensated ALD and birth weight, prematurity and maternal smoking during pregnancy. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors recruited two cohorts of heavy drinkers (≥60 U/week (men) and ≥40 U/week (women) for ≥5 years). Cases (n=215, 136 men, age (mean±SD) 46±9 years) had decompensated ALD (Child9s grade B or C). Controls (n=163, 126 men, age 47±10 years) had no clinical evidence of liver disease, persistently normal serum bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin time and ultrasound showing normal or echo-bright texture and no other abnormality. Data were collected regarding subjects9 birth weight, gestational age (GA) at birth (n=200 for cases, 148 for controls), and mother9s smoking status during pregnancy (recalled by subjects, following discussion with mother when possible) (n=148 cases, 109 controls). Birth weight was classified as very low (&lt;1.5 kg), low (1.5–2.5 kg), normal (2.5–4 kg) and high (&gt;4 kg). Comparison between groups was by Student t and χ<sup>2</sup> tests. Recalled birth weights were also compared with actual birth weights in Sheffield hospital records, when these were available (22 cases, 13 controls) and close correlations were observed (r=0.80 for cases and 0.76 for controls; p&lt;0.001 and 0.002). <h3>Results</h3> See table 1. There were no differences in birth weight or prevalence of low birth weight between males and females or between cases and controls when analysis was confined to males or to females. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this case-control study, the authors found no association between presence of ALD in heavy drinkers and either low birth weight or prematurity.