tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis, but not necrosis, of infected monocytes is coupled with killing of intracellular bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
Authors: A Molloy, P Laochumroonvorapong, G Kaplan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

We have examined the effect of killing of host monocytes infected with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) on the viability of the intracellular mycobacteria. Peripheral blood monocytes were infected in vitro with a single bacillus per cell and maintained in culture for 6-8 d to allow the bacilli to replicate. Replicating viable BCG were found singly in perinuclear vacuoles bounded by tightly apposed lipid bilayers. Monocytes were then exposed to toxic mediators that induced killing of cells as evaluated by 51Cr release into the culture medium. Both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (an inducer of cell necrosis) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP4-) (an inducer of cell apoptosis) treatment killed infected monocytes. H2O2-induced killing had no effect on BCG viability. ATP-induced cell death was accompanied by DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Apoptosis was associated with a swelling of the phagocytic vacuoles which became multibacillary and with a reduction of BCG viability as enumerated by colony-forming units.
The desire to obtain money: A culturally ritualised expression of the aggressive instinct
Authors: Ralf-Peter Behrendt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Social behaviour is but an expression of instinctive mechanisms whereby the aggressive instinct is of particular importance, having given rise to most of the complexity of social behaviour through processes of phylogenetic and cultural ritualisation. The role of the aggressive instinct is to dynamically maintain the ranking order in a group, and much of social interaction is concerned with this, including monetary exchange. What is certain, is that with the elimination of aggression, … the tackling of a task or problem, the self-respect [in] everything that a man does from morning till evening, from the morning shave to the sublimest artistic or scientific creation, would lose all impetus; everything associated with ambition, ranking order, and countless other equally indispensable behaviour patterns would probably also disappear from human life. — Konrad Lorenz (1963/2002, p. 269)
Kawasaki Disease in a Healthy Young Adult
Authors: HENRY MILGROM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

This report describes a 26-year-old woman who fulfills the criteria for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, an acute febrile illness that usually afflicts young children. The diagnosis is made in persons with fever lasting 5 or more days when four of the following criteria are met: bilateral injection of ocular conjunctivae; involvement of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract consisting of any combination of the following—redness and fissuring of lips; "strawberry tongue," or erythema of the pharynx; involvement of the peripheral extremities characterized in the early stages by an indurative erythematous rash of palms and soles followed by membranous desquamation; polymorphous nonvesicular truncal exanthem; and acute nonsuppurative enlargement of cervical lymph nodes. An added stipulation is that the illness must not be attributable to a known disease process.
Improved liaison psychiatry services could save the NHS millions, says report
Authors: K. Stone-Brown
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The NHS could potentially save millions of pounds a year if every acute hospital had appropriate liaison psychiatry services, according to a new report from the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

Liaison psychiatry for every acute trust—which is supported by six professional bodies including the Royal College of General Practitioners, Royal College of Physicians, and Royal College of Nursing—calls for an integrated approach to the mental health needs of patients being treated for physical conditions.1

Liaison psychiatric teams are called on by hospital staff when …
Abstract 4386: Effects of interferon-α-transduced tumor cell vaccines and blockade of programmed cell death 1 on the growth of established tumors
Authors: Risa Omori, Junichi Eguchi, Kazumasa Hiroishi, Shigeaki Ishii, Ayako Sasagawa, Masashi Sakaki, Hiroyoshi Doi, Atsushi Kajiwara, Michio Imawari
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Progress in treatments for cancer has improved the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. However, there is a strong need for the development of a new intervention therapy that suppresses the occurrence or recurrence effectively with fewer side effects. Immunotherapy may be such a treatment and gene therapy using tumor cells that are genetically modified to produce cytokines has been studied in several therapeutic models. We have previously reported that the interferon (IFN)-α gene-transduced tumor-based vaccination therapy suppresses the outgrowth of established tumors. Although the suppressive effects on established tumors were observed, we did not see reductions in the size of all of the parental tumors. Therefore, further improvements in the treatment are needed before clinical application, we focused on programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which has been identified as a marker of exhausted T cells. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the combination of IFN-γ-transduced tumor cell vaccines and PD-1 blockade, and investigated the mechanisms of the antitumor effects of the combined therapy. A poorly immunogenic murine colorectal cancer cell line, MC38, was transduced to overexpress IFN-γ (MC38-IFNα). In a therapeutic model, parental tumor-bearing mice were inoculated with MC38-IFNα cells and an anti-PD-1 antagonistic antibody. Significant suppression of outgrowth of the established tumors was observed in the IFN-γ and anti-PD-1 combination treatment group (IFN+ anti-PD-1, 174.17 ± 35.54 mm2 vs control, 328.67 ± 26.36 mm2 on day 28, P = 0.0114 vs controls). Immunohistochemical analyses showed marked infiltration of CD4+ cells as well as CD8+ cells in the established tumors of mice treated with both IFN-γ and anti-PD-1. To investigate induction of tumor-specific immune responses, we stimulated splenocytes of IFN-γ or/and anti-PD-1 treated mice twice weekly by DCs in vitro. Significant tumor-specific cytolysis was detected when splenocytes of mice treated with both IFN-γ and anti-PD-1 were used as effector cells (58.1% ± 6.7% for MC38 and 14.1% ± 1.7% for YAC-1, effector:target = 20, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Our findings suggest that blockade of the PD-1 PD-ligand enhanced the Th1-type antitumor immune responses induced by IFN-γ. The combination of IFN-γ gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines and PD-1 blockade may be a possible candidate for a cancer vaccine for clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4386. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4386
THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF MINERAL WATERS.
Authors: NORMAN BRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Professor of Hygiene and Adjunct Professor of the Practice of Medicine in Rush Medical College, Chicago. It is always a question how much of the benefit experienced by invalids who visit springs and water cures is due to the water and how much to the change of air, scene, occupations, diversions and living. Doubtless both are important. That much is due to the change must be evident to any one who has observed the remarkable effects upon a chronic invalid of a vacation from effort and a journey from home. A few weeks spent out of the usual routine of cares and perhaps drudgery, in rest and amusement, will nearly always put new life into the chronic invalid not yet past recovery or improvement. But the water drank and the baths taken are often, and may nearly always be, of great advantage to the sick. Invalids make all sorts of
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN
Authors: J. C. Bridge
Journal: BMJ (1933)

An intradermal jet injector was used to administer combined diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (D.T.P.) vaccines to infants aged 2 to 12 months. A second dose was given one month after the first and a third six months after the second. Each dose was considerably smaller than the standard intramuscular dose. Blood samples taken one month after the third dose showed a satisfactory diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin response in all but a few cases. The antibody response to the pertussis component was not examined. Reactions were insignificant. Intradermal jet injection is proposed as a cheap, extremely rapid, and effective technique for D.T.P. immunization, especially suitable for use in remote areas where trained staff and facilities are few and many children require immunization.
The natural course of gold nephropathy.
Authors: J A Hunter, H A Capell
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In this scheme a "new" NHS built from the skill and experience of the old one for major conditions and an independent health service for routine conditions would be entirely complementary to each other.Margaret Thatcher has the op- portunity, ability, and courage to implement this sort of radical surgery before health care in Britain becomes an incurable lost cause, both for those delivering it and, even worse, for those needing it.
Human Parathyroid Hormone IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST A GLANDULAR EXTRACT AND THE SYNTHETIC AMINO-TERMINAL FRAGMENTS 1-12 AND 1-34 AND THEIR USE IN THE DETERMINATION OF IMMUNOREACTIVE HORMONE IN HUMAN SERA
Authors: Jan A. Fischer, Ulrich Binswanger, Felix M. Dietrich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Antibodies to a urea-trichloroacetic acid extract [hPTH-(TCA)] of human parathyroid tumors and to the synthetic NH(2)-terminal fragments of human parathyroid hormone hPTH-(1-12) and -(1-34) were developed in goats to characterize immunochemically various PTH preparations and to estimate immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) in human sera. They were quantitated on the basis of their capacity to bind [(131)I]-hPTH-(1-12), [(131)I]hPTH-(1-34) or [(131)I]bovine PTH (bPTH-(1-84)). The quality of the antibodies was assessed by reference to inhibition of their interaction with labeled peptides by synthetic hPTH comprising 34 NH(2)-terminal amino acid residues or fragments thereof [hPTH-(1-12), -(13-34), -(18-34), -(25-34), -(18-24)] or by the Sephadex G-100-purified full-length peptide hPTH-(1-84) [hPTH-(1-84)G-100]. The synthetic peptides used in this work correspond in their structure to the NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequence 1-34, as elucidated by Brewer and collaborators (1972. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.69: 3583-3588). Inhibition studies were also carried out with bPTH-(1-34) and bPTH-(1-84). Anti-hPTH-(TCA) exhibited specificities directed to determinants in the COOH-terminal and NH(2)-terminal part of hPTH-(1-84) and exhibited cross-reactivity with bPTH-(1-84). Anti-hPTH-(1-34), on the other hand, showed immunological specificities mainly directed to antigenic determinants located in the COOH-terminal half of hPTH-(1-34). In addition, some reactivity with the NH(2)-terminal hPTH-(1-12) and with the extractive full-length peptides of human and bovine origin was observed. Antibodies to hPTH-(1-12) cross-reacted with hPTH-(1-34) and -(1-84)G-100.IPTH WAS RADIOIMMUNOLOGICALLY DETERMINED IN HUMAN SERA BY THE FOLLOWING SYSTEMS: (a) [(131)I]bPTH-(1-84), anti-hPTH-(TCA) and hPTH-(1-84)G-100 as standard; (b) [(131)I]hPTH-(1-34), anti-hPTH-(1-34) and hPTH-(1-34) as standard. With system (a), COOH-terminal fragments of hPTH-(1-84) having a molecular weight of approximately 7,000 were detected, and there was an almost total discrimination of serum iPTH levels in normal and in hyperparathyroid subjects. With system (b), on the other hand, several molecular species of iPTH were detected, including a component larger than hPTH-(1-84) and others similar to hPTH-(1-84) and to a fragment co-eluting with the NH(2)-terminal fragment hPTH-(1-34). When serum iPTH was assayed in system (b), there was a large overlap of iPTH levels in control subjects and in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Circulating presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) as a marker of host response in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock: data from the multicenter, randomized ALBIOS trial
Authors: Serge Masson, Pietro Caironi, Caterina Fanizza, Ralf Thomae, Roberto Bernasconi, Andrea Noto, Roberto Oggioni, Giovanni Stefano Pasetti, Marilena Romero, Gianni Tognoni, Roberto Latini, Luciano Gattinoni
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Localized edema with sclerodermatous evolution: a possible form of skin chronic graft-versus-host disease associated with endothelial activation
Authors: Mathilde Tardieu, Michel Rybojad, Régis Peffault de Latour, Marie Robin, Adèle de Masson, Aliénor Xhaard, Hélène Le Buanec, Nathalie Parquet, Flore Sicre de Fontbrune, Anne Bergeron, Catherine Scieux, Valérie Dessirier, Armand Bensussan, Martine Bagot, Gérard Socié, Jean-David Bouaziz
Journal: Blood (2013)
Impact of contact isolation for multidrug-resistant organisms on the occurrence of medical errors and adverse events
Authors: J. R. Zahar, M. Garrouste-Orgeas, A. Vesin, C. Schwebel, A. Bonadona, F. Philippart, C. Ara-Somohano, B. Misset, J. F. Timsit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death in transgenic rabbits with long QT syndrome
Authors: Michael Brunner, Xuwen Peng, Gong Xin Liu, Xiao-Qin Ren, Ohad Ziv, Bum-Rak Choi, Rajesh Mathur, Mohammed Hajjiri, Katja E. Odening, Eric Steinberg, Eduardo J. Folco, Ekatherini Pringa, Jason Centracchio, Roland R. Macharzina, Tammy Donahay, Lorraine Schofield, Naveed Rana, Malcolm Kirk, Gary F. Mitchell, Athena Poppas, Manfred Zehender, Gideon Koren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heritable disease associated with ECG QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden cardiac death in young patients. Among genotyped individuals, mutations in genes encoding repolarizing K+ channels (LQT1:KCNQ1; LQT2:KCNH2) are present in approximately 90% of affected individuals. Expression of pore mutants of the human genes KCNQ1 (KvLQT1-Y315S) and KCNH2 (HERG-G628S) in the rabbit heart produced transgenic rabbits with a long QT phenotype. Prolongations of QT intervals and action potential durations were due to the elimination of IKs and IKr currents in cardiomyocytes. LQT2 rabbits showed a high incidence of spontaneous sudden cardiac death (>50% at 1 year) due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Optical mapping revealed increased spatial dispersion of repolarization underlying the arrhythmias. Both transgenes caused downregulation of the remaining complementary IKr and IKs without affecting the steady state levels of the native polypeptides. Thus, the elimination of 1 repolarizing current was associated with downregulation of the reciprocal repolarizing current rather than with the compensatory upregulation observed previously in LQTS mouse models. This suggests that mutant KvLQT1 and HERG interacted with the reciprocal wild-type alpha subunits of rabbit ERG and KvLQT1, respectively. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Identification and characterization of a small molecule AMPK activator that treats key components of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Barbara Cool, Bradley Zinker, William Chiou, Lemma Kifle, Ning Cao, Matthew Perham, Robert Dickinson, Andrew Adler, Gerard Gagne, Rajesh Iyengar, Gang Zhao, Kennan Marsh, Philip Kym, Paul Jung, Heidi S. Camp, Ernst Frevert
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Abstract LB-52: Integrative protein and transcriptomic analysis identified an EMT-associated secretory phenotype that correlates with metastasis and predicts survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Ajaya Kumar Reka, Guoan Chen, Richard Jones, Sinae Kim, George Michailidis, Rork Kuick, Michael Pisano, David Beer, Gilbert Omenn, Venkateshwar Keshamouni
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers many clinicaly relevant properties to cancer cells, including migratory and invasive capacity, resistance to apoptosis, drug resistance, evasion of host immune surveillance, and tumor stem cell traits. Therefore, we reasoned that characterizing the secretome of cultured cells in EMT may identify biomarkers which allow monitoring of EMT in tumors and provide a signature to predict metastasis and survival in patients with cancers. Utilizing aTGF-β-induced EMT model with A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, we harvested serum-free conditioned media from control and EMT cells (5 ng/ml TGF-β, 72h) to quantitatively profile differentially expressed proteins by GeLC-MS/MS and spectral counting. We identified &amp;gt;2000 proteins, &amp;gt;70% of which were putative secretory proteins. Corresponding transcriptomic analysis was performed by Affymetrix U133-plus microarray which identified ∼3,500 genes as differentially expressed. By integrating these two data sets we derived an EMT-associated secretory phenotype (EASP) comprising 97 genes of secretory proteins that were differentially up-regulated by at least two-fold during EMT both for protein and mRNA levels. Several of these proteins were validated by MRM. Analysis of EASP expression in a gene expression dataset from 443 human lung adenocarcinoma tumors revealed strong positive correlations with lymph node metastasis (p&amp;lt;0.05), advanced tumor stage (p=0.006) and histological grade (p&amp;lt;0.00001). After splitting the 443 tumors into a training (n=254) and test (n=189) sets, random forest survival analysis, including age, sex and stage as variables, stratified the test-set into low, medium and high-risk groups with significant differences in overall survival (p=0.0002). For further validation we tested EASP in two independent histologically distinguished lung cancer data sets. Interestingly, EASP predicted survival only in the dataset with adenocarcinomas (n=111, p=0.03), not in the dataset with squamous tumors (n=130). This result indicates that integrative analysis of relevant biological processes in cell-culture models may provide mechanism-related, tumor type-specific, clinically-relevant biomarkers with significant prognostic value. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-52. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-52
Spontaneous Regression of Follicular, Mantle Cell, and Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkinʼs Lymphomas Detected by FDG–PET Imaging
Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Peeyush Bhargava, Hongming Zhuang, Jian Q Yu, Stephen J. Schuster, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Spontaneous regression of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been reported in low-grade tumors but is an extremely rare event in intermediate- and high-grade disease. Documentation of spontaneous regression by serial fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging has not been reported in the literature. We present 3 cases of spontaneous regression, 1 each of follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which showed spontaneous regression on serial FDG-PET imaging. All patients underwent serial whole-body FDG-PET scans 60 minutes after intravenous injection of 9-11 mCi of this radiotracer. None of them had any chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery after the baseline PET scan. Spontaneous regression of disease in all 3 cases was correlated with conventional imaging and clinical course. All 3 patients had positive FDG-PET results on their baseline scan. There was complete disappearance of FDG uptake on a follow-up PET scan for the patient with follicular lymphoma. These results suggest complete regression. The patients with MCL and DLBCL both showed a significant reduction in FDG uptake on serial whole-body PET scans, suggesting partial regression in both cases. Although spontaneous regression of lymphoma is uncommon, this phenomenon can be successfully demonstrated by FDG-PET imaging. Therefore, serial PET imaging may play an important role in detecting this unusual event and may further enhance our understanding of the biologic behavior of this malignancy.
Impaired lipopolysaccharide-inducible tumor necrosis factor production in vitro by peripheral blood monocytes of patients with viral hepatitis
Authors: Christian Müller, Christoph C. Zielinski
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We investigated lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in vitro by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with various liver diseases. Tumor necrosis factor production was found to be significantly reduced in patients with chronic hepatitis B (n = 17; 135 +/- 30 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml; mean +/- S.E.M.) and patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 15; 212 +/- 22 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml) compared with healthy control individuals (n = 47; 411 +/- 40 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml; p less than 0.0005 and p less than 0.01, respectively). This reduced tumor necrosis factor production was not only seen with an optimal stimulating concentration of lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/ml) but also with suboptimal concentrations (0.1 ng/ml). In contrast to patients with chronic viral hepatitis, monocytes from patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis (n = 26; 444 +/- 49 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 7; 412 +/- 81 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml) and alcohol-induced fatty liver changes (n = 5; 401 +/- 62 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml) produced normal amounts of tumor necrosis factor when stimulated with an optimal concentration of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide (0.1 ng lipopolysaccharide/ml)-stimulated peripheral blood monocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis B (n = 15; 102 +/- 32 pg/ml) or non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 13; 97+/- 16 pg/ml) could not be induced to produce more tumor necrosis factor either when prestimulated with gamma-interferon (170 +/- 45 pg/ml and 149 +/- 32 pg/ml, respectively), a lymphokine known to activate monocytes, or with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin to reduce the suppressive effect of prostaglandin E2 (148 +/- 40 pg/ml and 153 +/- 45 pg/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)