tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
376 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: PREVALENCE OF SIGNIFICANT HISTOLOGIC DISEASE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION, HIGH HBVDNA, AND PERSISTENTLY NORMAL SERUM ALT (PNALT)
Authors: J. Lim, W. Ayoub, D. Chao, E. Keeffe, M. Nguyen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Cytotoxic action of mineral dusts on CHV 79 cells in vitro: factors affecting toxicity.
Authors: S O Lock, M Chamberlain
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The cytotoxic action of a series of mineral dusts has been studied using Chinese hamster V79-4 cells obtained from three separate laboratories in the UK. The dusts which have been studied include samples of asbestos from the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer reference series and an internationally available sample of quartz (DQ12). Besides comparing results obtained with the three different cells, two alternative methods of exposing the cells to the dusts were also compared. The toxicity assay employed uses the inhibition of colony formation from a single cell suspension as a measure of toxicity. The numbers of colonies which grow in the presence of the various concentrations of the dusts are expressed as percentages of the colonies which grow in the untreated control cultures. The absolute toxicity of a dust was found to depend principally on the method of exposing the cells to the dust. However, differences in the relative toxicities of the dusts depended on the source of the cells. The implications of these results for experiments in which Chinese hamster V79-4 cells are used in in vitro test systems to assess the potential pathogenicity of mineral dusts are discussed.
Treatment of palindromic rheumatism with chloroquine.
Authors: M R Richardson, A M Zalin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

that these factors-pelvic infection and use of intrauterine contraceptive devices-have a role, but this remains to be proved; demographic factors probably account for the consecutive rise in incidence in the five year age groups.If factors related to age have a decisive effect on the rise in ectopic pregnancy, the numerical increase in cases will level offwithin a few years in Finland.
Failure of Computed Tomographic Scanning to Demonstrate Subdural Empyema
Authors: Ralph O. Dunker
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Subdural empyema is a serious infection with a high mortality. The patients at risk either are known to have suppurative sinusitis or otitis or are being treated for these conditions. The clinical syndrome includes fever, headache, and focal neurological deficits, with seizures in a high percentage of cases. The course of the infection may be fulminant and may be confused with meningoencephalitis or cerebritis. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are essential elements in treatment. There is a disturbing tendency for computed tomographic (CT) scans to fail to demonstrate acute subdural empyemas. Based on this experience, the diagnosis of subdural empyema must not be abandoned merely because of a nondiagnostic CT scan. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1116-1118)
Src Family Kinase Inhibitor Saracatinib (AZD0530) Impairs Oxaliplatin Uptake in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Blocks Organic Cation Transporters
Authors: Christopher J. Morrow, Mohammad Ghattas, Christopher Smith, Heinz Bönisch, Richard A. Bryce, D. Mark Hickinson, Tim P. Green, Caroline Dive
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Elevated Src family kinase (SFK) activity is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. The SFK inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) is currently in phase II trials in patients including those with colorectal cancer (CRC), where links between SFK activity and poor prognosis are particularly striking. Saracatinib is likely to be used clinically in combination regimens, specifically with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, in CRC. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of saracatinib on oxaliplatin and 5-FU efficacy in CRC cells. Saracatinib did not modulate 5-FU efficacy but antagonized oxaliplatin in a schedule-specific manner through reduced oxaliplatin uptake via an SFK-independent mechanism. Saracatinib resembles the pharmacophore of known organic cation transporter (OCT) inhibitors and reduced oxaliplatin efficacy maximally in cells overexpressing OCT2. These data suggest that oxaliplatin uptake in CRC is attenuated by saracatinib via inhibition of OCT2, a potential consideration for the clinical development of this SFK inhibitor.
CHEST COMPRESSIONS USING MECHANICAL DEVICES ARE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN MANUAL COMPRESSIONS IN CARDIAC ARREST CONCOMITANT WITH EMERGENCY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Luis Augusto Dallan, Tulio T. Vargas, Bruno L. Janella, Jamil R. Cade, Breno Almeida, Andre G. Spadaro, Marco A. Perin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
THE BICYCLE-PUMP IN INTUSSUSCEPTION.
Authors: H. T. GOODWIN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>History.</h3> —Baby X., aged 13 months, was reported by his mother on the afternoon of Nov. 10, 1907, as having vomited several times during the day and being unable to retain anything in his stomach. I directed her, by telephone, to give the child calomel gr. 1/10 every twenty minutes. At 7 p. m. the mother asked me to see the child, as he was no better. No other than his usual food had been given him, and this had previously agreed with him, as evidenced by his weight, 32½ pounds. He had had one small bowel movement in the morning; prior to this his bowels had been regular. <h3>Examination.</h3> —I could detect nothing to account for his symptoms. His temperature was normal, there was no tenderness over the abdomen, and but for the frequent vomiting his condition seemed good. Between the attacks of vomiting he was bright, though peevish,
Association Between Stroke Center Hospitalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Mortality
Authors: Ying Xian, Robert G. Holloway, Paul S. Chan, Katia Noyes, Manish N. Shah, Henry H. Ting, Andre R. Chappel, Eric D. Peterson, Bruce Friedman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Although stroke centers are widely accepted and supported, little is known about their effect on patient outcomes.<h3>Objective</h3>To examine the association between admission to stroke centers for acute ischemic stroke and mortality.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Observational study using data from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. We compared mortality for patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke (n = 30 947) between 2005 and 2006 at designated stroke centers and nondesignated hospitals using differential distance to hospitals as an instrumental variable to adjust for potential prehospital selection bias. Patients were followed up for mortality for 1 year after the index hospitalization through 2007. To assess whether our findings were specific to stroke, we also compared mortality for patients admitted with gastrointestinal hemorrhage (n = 39 409) or acute myocardial infarction (n = 40 024) at designated stroke centers and nondesignated hospitals.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Thirty-day all-cause mortality.<h3>Results</h3>Among 30 947 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 15 297 (49.4%) were admitted to designated stroke centers. Using the instrumental variable analysis, admission to designated stroke centers was associated with lower 30-day all-cause mortality (10.1% vs 12.5%; adjusted mortality difference, −2.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.6% to −1.4%; P &lt; .001) and greater use of thrombolytic therapy (4.8% vs 1.7%; adjusted difference, 2.2%; 95% CI, 1.6% to 2.8%; P &lt; .001). Differences in mortality also were observed at 1-day, 7-day, and 1-year follow-up. The outcome differences were specific for stroke, as stroke centers and nondesignated hospitals had similar 30-day all-cause mortality rates among those with gastrointestinal hemorrhage (5.0% vs 5.8%; adjusted mortality difference, +0.3%; 95% CI, −0.5% to 1.0%; P = .50) or acute myocardial infarction (10.5% vs 12.7%; adjusted mortality difference, +0.1%; 95% CI, −0.9% to 1.1%; P = .83).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among patients with acute ischemic stroke, admission to a designated stroke center was associated with modestly lower mortality and more frequent use of thrombolytic therapy.
Expression of tyrosinase, MIA and MART-1 in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with malignant melanoma
Authors: M. Hochberg, M. Lotem, Z. Gimon, E. Shiloni, C.D. Enk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Regional lymph node status is an important predictor of survival in patients with malignant melanoma. Mapping of sentinel lymph nodes using sensitive molecular techniques has recently been introduced. Malignant melanoma is heterogeneous in terms of its biological, immunological and metastatic properties, and melanoma cells exhibit a polymorphous expression of tumour markers. Thus, assays that include multiple markers appear to be more sensitive than single-marker assays. Objectives To characterize the molecular profiles of melanoma cells in sentinel lymph nodes employing the mRNA expression of tyrosinase, MIA and MART-1 as markers. Methods Samples of sentinel lymph nodes from 17 melanoma patients and 18 control nodes from non-melanoma patients were assayed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, using specific primers for each marker. Results We found that both tyrosinase and MIA expression were sensitive indicators of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes that were negative on routine histopathological examination, and that the finding of micrometastases expressing MART-1 in sentinel lymph nodes was negatively correlated with overall survival. Conclusions Characterization of the molecular profiles of melanoma cells constitutes a valid means of detecting metastatic melanoma cells in sentinel lymph nodes, and of predicting the survival of melanoma patients.
Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was associated with increased risks for death and hospitalization for MI and HF
Authors: David Siegel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Gislason GH, Rasmussen JN, Abildstrom SZ, et al. Increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chronic heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:141-9. 19171810
A piece of my mind. No greater love
Authors: M. S. Wayne
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon synergistically induce cytochrome b-245 heavy-chain gene expression and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogenase oxidase in human leukemic myeloid cells.
Authors: M A Cassatella, L Hartman, B Perussia, G Trinchieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) and rIFN-gamma induce in the human leukemia cell lines HL-60, ML3, and U937 the accumulation of transcripts of the X chromosome-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) gene, encoding the 91-kD heavy chain of cytochrome b-245, a component of the NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells. The gene is induced within 6 h by either cytokine, and its accumulation is observed upon induction with rIFN-gamma up to 5 d. The combined effect of the two cytokines is more than additive. rIFN-gamma also induces accumulation of X-CGD mRNA in immature myeloid cells from peripheral blood of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, whereas rTNF has almost no effect. The cells from CML patients constitutively express TNF mRNA, suggesting that endogenously produced TNF may play a role in the effect of rIFN-gamma on these cells. rTNF induces X-CGD gene expression in the myeloid cell lines acting, at least in part, at the transcriptional level, as shown in nuclear run-on experiments. The gene encoding the 22-kD light chain of cytochrome b-245 is constitutively expressed in the human myeloid cell lines and the accumulation of its transcripts is affected by neither rTNF nor rIFN-gamma, rTNF and rIFN-gamma synergistically to induce the cell lines to express the cytochrome b-245 heterodimer (as evaluated by its visible spectrum), and to produce NADPH oxidase activity and H2O2 upon stimulation with phorbol diesters.
THE PSYCHOPATHIC HOSPITAL IDEA
Authors: E. E. SOUTHARD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Naturally we are still much occupied with preaching the gospel of psychopathic hospitals in America, since, after all, the realization of our long-cherished ideals is extremely recent (Psychopathic Ward of University of Michigan Hospital, 1906; Psychopathic Department of Boston State Hospital, 1912; Phipps Psychiatric Clinic of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, 1913). Nor is the foundation work, which led to the establishment of these three somewhat similar but in many ways contrasted institutions, a matter of very ancient history. To be sure, Griesinger's idea, was early implanted in some American minds. My colleague, Dr. D. H. Fuller, has called my attention to Dr. Pliny Earle's utterance 1 of 1867.  Carbon agglomerated is charcoal. Carbon crystallized is diamond. What charcoal is to the diamond, such I believe, is the psychopathic hospital of the present compared with the psychopathic hospital of the future.... When the defects which I have mentioned shall have been thoroughly
EU to test cattle aged over 30 months "at risk" of BSE
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The European Union is preparing to carry out a major testing programme of cattle aged over 30 months to determine the exact scale of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in mainland Europe.

From January 2000, rapid screening tests will be introduced for all animals above that age considered to be at risk because they are fallen stock (cattle that are physically damaged), are being presented for emergency slaughter, or have died with neurological or other clinical symptoms.

On the basis of the results of this first stage of the programme, governments will then decide how to implement their agreement to …
Gas Transport Function of the Blood in Congenital Familial Methaemoglobinaemia
Authors: A. G. Baikie, D. J. Valtis
Journal: BMJ (1954)

<h3>Background</h3> Behcet’s Disease (BD), when first described in 1937, was consisted of three symptoms; recurrent oral, genital ulcerations and iridocyclitis. Today, it is known that BD is a multisystemic chronic vasculitic disorder which may involve both arteries and veins of all sizes. Although painful scrotal ulcers healing with scar formation are among the main clinical findings of BD, ulceration of glans penis is unusual. <h3>Objectives</h3> <h3>Methods</h3> <h3>Results</h3> We present two cases of BD with ulcers on glans penis. The first case is a 46-year-old man who presented with ulceration involving glans penis and diagnosed as BD after investigations. The second case was a 23-year-old man with established BD who later developed ulcers on glans penis during the course of the disease. In our 113 patients with BD, 102 patients (90.2%) had genital ulcers. Among these 102 patients having genital ulcers, only these two cases (1.9%) had ulcers localised on the glans penis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In conclusion, the possibility of BD should also be considered in patients presenting with genital ulcer (s) with atypical localizations, such as glans penis, particularly in countries with a high prevalance of this disease.
Is psychiatry a religion? An alternative view
Authors: Mark Agius, Nuruz Zaman, Rashid Zaman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

Whitley's article ‘Is psychiatry a religion?’1 makes interesting reading.

It can only, however, be a sustainable charge if there were no substance to the assumption that mental illnesses are real illnesses which do require treatment or prevention.

In fact, modern neuro-imaging and neuroscience have clarified that mental illness is a consequence of abnormal brain function which can be demonstrated and which also does lead to abnormal pathological changes in the brain;2 witness the reduction in size of the Hipocampus in patients with depression,3 and post-traumatic stress disorder4 and the loss of grey matter in schizophrenia.5 Hence doctors put into place programs to identify patients and treat them early, in order to reduce such deleterious effects of disease.

The only way in which preventive programs can be carried out is by informing society that the issues exist; hence the need for publicity campaigns. This is common sense public health policy, not proselytism.

Clinical trials have shown medication to be efficacious in psychotic illness and depression. Such treatment depends on a standard of proof based on rational measurement, not the faith demanded by religion.

Regarding the religious texts, it is necessary that there be a codification of medical knowledge, hence texts such as DSM IV.

Debates between biological and social psychiatrists may be parodied as divisions between liberal and traditional wings of a religion, but then, similar debates occur in politics.

Our view is that psychiatry is part of medicine, which deals with real biological diseases, with a pathology and treatment of their own, and the classification of disease, the preventive work, and the treatment of the illness follows the pattern of all branches of medicine.

Psychiatry follows the ways in which human beings carry out business in any sphere of life – religious, medical or political.
Genome-wide association analysis identifies 11 risk variants associated with the asthma with hay fever phenotype
Authors: Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Melanie C. Matheson, Clara S. Tang, Raquel Granell, Wei Ang, Jennie Hui, Amy K. Kiefer, David L. Duffy, Svetlana Baltic, Patrick Danoy, Minh Bui, Loren Price, Peter D. Sly, Nicholas Eriksson, Pamela A. Madden, Michael J. Abramson, Patrick G. Holt, Andrew C. Heath, Michael Hunter, Bill Musk, Colin F. Robertson, Peter Le Souëf, Grant W. Montgomery, A. John Henderson, Joyce Y. Tung, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Matthew A. Brown, Alan James, Philip J. Thompson, Craig Pennell, Nicholas G. Martin, David M. Evans, David A. Hinds, John L. Hopper
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Inhibitors of fibrinolysis in diabetic children, mothers, and their newborn
Authors: Clara M. Ambrus, Julian L. Ambrus, Norman Courey, Luis Mosovich, Erika Bruck, James Allen, Okhee Jung, Edwin Mirand, Kenneth Niswander
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Late diabetic complications are often related to vascular changes and formation of thrombi in the altered vasculature. Contributing factors to thrombosis susceptibility of diabetic patients include changes in clotting factors, platelets, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. We have measured various fibrinolytic inhibitors in the blood of diabetic children, diabetic pregnant women and their offspring, and healthy controls. Inhibitors studied included 1) fast (immediate) antiplasmin, 2) slow (progressive) antiplasmin, 3) alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, and 4) alpha‐1‐antitrypsin. It appears from our study that high fast‐antiplasmin levels, and low or missing slow‐antiplasmin levels are characteristic of diabetic patients and of newborn of diabetic mothers. The reason for high fast‐antiplasmin levels is not clear: Levels are not connected with the age of the patient or duration of diabetes, and are not elevated in response to a fibrinolytic process (fibrin decomposition products could not be shown to be present in the serum of diabetic children). Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin was significantly higher and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin significantly lower in diabetic women than in controls. In the other groups of patients studied differences in these inhibitors from the appropriate control groups were not statistically significant.
Effect of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on the Prevention of Trachoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Meredith E. Stocks, Stephanie Ogden, Danny Haddad, David G. Addiss, Courtney McGuire, Matthew C. Freeman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Matthew Freeman and colleagues identified 86 individual studies that reported a measure of the effect of water, sanitation, and hygiene on trachoma and conducted 15 meta-analyses for specific exposure-outcome pairs. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Report of the President's Biomedical Panel and the Old Days at the FDA
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The Report of the President's Biomedical Panel, issued on April 30 in fulfillment of a 15-month study mandated by Congress, preaches oldtime religion about the virtues of unfettered basic research as the key to coping with disease. It does so at a time when the national medical enterprise is awash with heresies, ranging from the tear-it-down thesis of Ivan Illich, to HEW's assertion, in its latest Forward Plan for Health, "that only by preventing disease from occurring, rather than treating it later, can we hope to achieve any major improvement in the Nation's health."Thus the Report, . . .
Sickle-Cell Disease and the Properdin System
Authors: Fred S. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In an extensive and complete survey of infection among 166 patients with sickle-cell disease in Dade County, Florida, Barrett-Connor reported 250 hospitalizations for bacterial infections. Thirty per cent of these were in children under four years of age; in fact, SS hemoglobin was first detected in 25 per cent of them as an incidental finding during hospital admissions for infection. In comparing the risk of infection in blacks with SS disease in relation to the total black population of Dade County, the former had a 25-fold greater chance of contracting salmonella, sevenfold greater for Shigella infection, eightfold greater for tuberculosis, . . .
INTRARECTAL ADMINISTRATION OF ARSPHENAMIN
Authors: AUGUSTO S. BOYD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It is not the intention of this paper to discuss the value of arsphenamin when used alone, or its relative value when used in conjunction with other drugs. Its value as an antisyphilitic remedy, especially in the early stages of the disease, is undoubted, and the prompt response obtained from its use to the acute and subacute manifestations are generally gratifying.  As to its mode of administration, the most convenient and accepted method at present is by the intravenous injection. Next to this stands the intramuscular injection. We are each day learning more and more about the untoward effects and even the fatalities that sometimes accompany the former route. Sargent's 1 experience with arspenamin administered by intravenous injection is not at all encouraging.  We have never attempted the intramuscular injection of arsphenamin or neo-arsphenamin. There are strong objections to it, even when it is carefully prepared in an oily suspension. The