tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular and cellular actions of platelet-activating factor in rat heart cells.
Authors: C V Massey, T A Kohout, S T Gaa, W J Lederer, T B Rogers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid with cardiovascular actions at low concentrations (1-100 nM) but with uncertain direct myocardial actions. We investigated the cellular and molecular effects of PAF on heart cells using isolated adult and neonatal rat myocytes. Addition of PAF, in the superfusion solution, decreased twitch amplitude and contractile velocity in both systems. Concentrations of PAF below 1 nM stimulated reproducible responses with maximal effects seen at 100 nM. These functional actions of PAF could be blocked by the known PAF antagonist, BN 50739, in a dose-dependent manner. Parallel biochemical studies showed that nanomolar PAF rapidly stimulated the phosphoinositide pathway in cultured myocytes, evidenced by the accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates in prelabeled cultured myocytes. The potency and specificity of PAF, as well as the time course, for the response were nearly identical in the biochemical and functional assays. PAF produced no functional changes in protein kinase C-depleted myocytes, but it did stimulate inositol trisphosphate accumulation in such cells. We conclude that: (a) PAF exerts a direct negative inotropic effect on myocardial tissue; (b) the effects of PAF are mediated by a specific, high affinity cardiac receptor; (c) an underlying biochemical mechanism for the action of PAF includes the activation of the phospholipase C/phosphatidylinositol intracellular signaling pathway, which leads to activation of protein kinase C.
Bring back good quality paper in the print BMJ
Authors: F. Kavalier
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (<i>Fg</i>) can cause different diseases in cereals and maize crops worldwide, and a correct management of previous crop residues could decrease disease incidence and/or severity. Bacterial, fungal and <i>Fusarium</i> communities were studied by metabarcoding approach in 8 agricultural fields with wheat-maize rotation system in Brittany, France, during three years. Additionally, shift in microbial communities were evaluated under mesocosm experiments in soils amended or not with maize residues and/or <i>Fg</i> isolate. Bacterial communities composition were highly influenced by crop soil origin in both environmental and mesocosm soils, while bacteria co-occurrence network complexity was decreased by maize residues in environmental samples and <i>Fg</i> treatment in mesocosm samples. Maize residues altered slightly bacteria-fungi co-occurrence networks, while all treatments on mesoscosm experiments showed lower complexity in bacteria-fungi networks than Control Soil treatment. A clear input of fungal genera <i>Epicoccum</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Vishniacozyma</i>, <i>Articulospora</i>, <i>Papiliotrema</i>, <i>Sarocladium</i>, <i>Xenobotryosphaeria</i>, <i>Ramularia</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Cryptococcus</i> and <i>Bullera</i> from maize residues to soil were observed for both environmental and mesocosm samples. Moreover, an increase of <i>F. graminearum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i> was observed in soils whe maize residues were presented. Finally, microbial co-occurrence networks reported some OTUs significant correlated to <i>Fusarium</i> spp. OTUs, such as those assigned to <i>Epicoccum</i>, <i>Vishniacozyma</i> and <i>Sarocladium</i> fungal genera, previously reported as efficient biocontrol agents versus <i>Fusarium</i> spp. Moreover, a decrease of complexity was observed for soil bacterial and bacterial-fungal networks due to maize addition in both environmental and mesocoms communities.
Basic Contributions to Medicine by Research in Biophysics
Authors: David F. Waugh
Journal: JAMA (1961)

BIOPHYSICS is sufficiently new as a discipline so that one might wonder why this infant by name, not yet officially in its teens, can be thought of as already having made contributions to medicine. My audience well knows that biophysics the unnamed has made singular contributions, some of them in the near and far past, and that many of these contributions have developed within biology and medicine. This has been true of all fields when prior or contemporary developments of physical techniques have permitted a more advanced experimental approach to particular types of questions, for example questions concerning blood flow in the circulatory system and the origins of bioelectric potentials. Thus, it would be a mistake to chronicle contributions of biophysics to medicine as of the date of the formation of a society or the acceptance of a professional classification. (The Biophysical Society [U.S.] was founded in 1958 with
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia and allopurinol induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Authors: I G Renwick
Journal: BMJ (1985)

When I was conducting my study one of the few doctors who performed satisfactorily was a recently qualified house officer.I was impressed by her performance and asked her where she had learnt her resuscitation skills.She told me she had been taught resuscitation many years before when she had been a Girl Guide.Surely it is not too much to ask that British medical schools teach resuscitation skills to the same standard as the Girl Guides.
The NHS after devolution
Authors: C. Leys
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editorial p 1156 Education and debate pp 1195 −1205 News p 1166 Personal view p 1221 

Health and personal social services will be the biggest responsibility of the new Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly to be elected on 6 May, accounting for over a third of the total spending under their control.1 What are the likely implications for the future of the NHS? How far will devolution affect its core principles of comprehensiveness, universality, and free service at the point of provision? What, especially, is likely to be the impact on the principle of equal care for equal need?

Even in federal systems, where the powers allocated to provincial, state, or regional governments are protected by written constitutions, the central government's superior revenue base usually allows it to secure a large measure of uniformity in return for transfers from the federal budget, as the case of Canada illustrates (p 1201).2 The Canadian constitution makes health a provincial responsibility, but, despite provincial variations in the way health services are delivered, the federal government's substantial share in financing them means that all Canadians get the same free access to family doctors and to a nationally determined range of hospital services, regardless of their province. Where powers are merely devolved, with little or no tax raising authority, as in the new British …
Indian hedgehog couples chondrogenesis to osteogenesis in endochondral bone development
Authors: Ung-il Chung, Ernestina Schipani, Andrew P. McMahon, Henry M. Kronenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Vertebrate skeletogenesis requires a well-coordinated transition from chondrogenesis to osteogenesis. Hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate play a pivotal role in this transition. Parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP), synthesized in the periarticular growth plate, regulates the site at which hypertrophy occurs. By comparing PTH/PTHrP receptor–/–/wild-type (PPR–/–/wild-type) chimeric mice with Ihh–/–;PPR–/–/wild-type chimeric and Ihh–/–/wild-type chimeric mice, we provide in vivo evidence that Indian hedgehog (Ihh), synthesized by prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes, regulates the site of hypertrophic differentiation by signaling to the periarticular growth plate and also determines the site of bone collar formation in the adjacent perichondrium. By providing crucial local signals from prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes to both chondrocytes and preosteoblasts, Ihh couples chondrogenesis to osteogenesis in endochondral bone development.
Endobronchial Lesion From Metastatic Ovarian Carcinoma Resulting in Partial Right Mainstem Obstruction Demonstrated by Lung Scintigraphy
Authors: MICHAEL H. WHOLEY, GARY E. MEYERROSE, WILLIAM P. MCGUIRE, MELVIN J. REINHARDT, SAMUEL SOSTRE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors illustrated the importance of lung ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy in demonstrating endobronchial lesions in a 49-year-old woman, in whom ovarian cancer was diagnosed 2 years earlier, who had shortness of breath. Pulmonary embolic disease was suspected. Initial chest films were interpreted as normal. However, Xe-133 ventilation and Tc-99m MAA perfusion images were abnormal and suggested an obstructing right mainstem bronchial lesion. Subsequent CT of the chest confirmed a large right subcarinal mass invading the bronchus which was shown on bronchoscopy to be metastatic ovarian cancer. This is the sixth reported case of bronchial metastasis of ovarian carcinoma and the only one detected by scintigraphy.
Radioimmunoassay of Human Serum Thyrotrophin
Authors: R. Hall, J. Amos, B. J. Ormston
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The double antibody radioimmunoassay of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) allows measurement of circulating levels of the hormone in most normal subjects. The serum TSH level in normal subjects is 1.6 +/- 0.8muU/ml. Patients with non-toxic goitre and acromegaly have normal TSH levels. Values are always raised in hypothyroid patients (with primary thyroid disease) and are significantly lowered in those with hyperthyroidism. Of the many stimuli used in an attempt to raise TSH levels in normal adult subjects only three-synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, ethinyloestradiol, and carbimazole plus iodides-have been effective. The major clinical application of the TSH immunoassay lies in the diagnosis of minor degrees of hypothyroidism. An impaired response of serum TSH to synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone should also help in the diagnosis of hypopituitarism affecting TSH production.
Controlled delivery of fibroblast growth factor-1 and neuregulin-1 from biodegradable microparticles promotes cardiac repair in a rat myocardial infarction model through activation of endogenous regeneration
Authors: Fabio R. Formiga, Beatriz Pelacho, Elisa Garbayo, Izaskun Imbuluzqueta, Paula Díaz-Herráez, Gloria Abizanda, Juan J. Gavira, Teresa Simón-Yarza, Edurne Albiasu, Esther Tamayo, Felipe Prósper, Maria J. Blanco-Prieto
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Native Medicine in North Africa
Authors: Ronald G. Evens
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The letter from Carl E. Bertecchi, MC, USA ( 197 : 734, 1966) regarding native medicine in Viet Nam reminded me of a similar observation in Algiers in 1963. During that summer I spent the month of August at the Beni Messous Hospital near the city of Algiers with the Washington University Medical School contingent operating the hospital for CARE-MEDICO.  We participated in the medical and surgical care of both in- and outpatient native Algerians. Essentially all communications was in the native dialect through interpreters. However, a skin marking similar to that observed in Viet Nam became a useful diagnostic tool.  In the area of complaint would be found multiple 2 × 1-cm areas of superficial thermal burn in various stages of healing. These had been inflicted by the local village medicine man in an attempt to relieve pain or discomfort in treating illness.  By observing these areas the
High-resolution genomic profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia reveals new recurrent genomic alterations
Authors: Jennifer Edelmann, Karlheinz Holzmann, Florian Miller, Dirk Winkler, Andreas Bühler, Thorsten Zenz, Lars Bullinger, Michael W. M. Kühn, Andreas Gerhardinger, Johannes Bloehdorn, Ina Radtke, Xiaoping Su, Jing Ma, Stanley Pounds, Michael Hallek, Peter Lichter, Jan Korbel, Raymonde Busch, Daniel Mertens, James R. Downing, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: Blood (2012)
Identification, epidemiology, and chronicity of pediatric esophageal eosinophilia, 1982-1999
Authors: Charles W. DeBrosse, Margaret H. Collins, Bridget K. Buckmeier Butz, Casey L. Allen, Eileen C. King, Amal H. Assa'ad, J. Pablo Abonia, Philip E. Putnam, Marc E. Rothenberg, James P. Franciosi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Association of Traffic-Related Air Pollution with Children’s Neurobehavioral Functions in Quanzhou, China
Authors: Shunqin Wang, Jinliang Zhang, Xiaodong Zeng, Yimin Zeng, Shengchun Wang, Shuyun Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

With the increase of motor vehicles, ambient air pollution related to traffic exhaust has become an important environmental issue in China. Because of their fast growth and development, children are more susceptible to ambient air pollution exposure. Many chemicals from traffic exhaust, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead, have been reported to show adverse effects on neurobehavioral functions. Several studies in China have suggested that traffic exhaust might affect neurobehavioral functions of adults who have occupational traffic exhaust exposure. However, few data have been reported on the effects on neurobehavioral function in children.The objective of this study was to explore the association between traffic-related air pollution exposure and its effects on neurobehavioral function in children.This field study was conducted in Quanzhou, China, where two primary schools were chosen based on traffic density and monitoring data of ambient air pollutants. School A was located in a clear area and school B in a polluted area. We monitored NO(2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 mum as indicators for traffic-related air pollution on the campuses and in classrooms for 2 consecutive days in May 2005. The children from second grade (8-9 years of age) and third grade (9-10 years of age) of the two schools (n = 928) participated in a questionnaire survey and manual-assisted neurobehavioral testing. We selected 282 third-grade children (school A, 136; school B, 146) to participate in computer-assisted neurobehavioral testing. We conducted the fieldwork between May and June 2005. We used data from 861 participants (school A, 431; school B, 430) with manual neurobehavioral testing and from all participants with computerized testing for data analyses.Media concentrations of NO(2) in school A and school B campus were 7 microg/m(3) and 36 microg/m(3), respectively (p < 0.05). The ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that, after controlling the potential confounding factors, participants living in the polluted area showed poor performance on all testing; differences in results for six of nine tests (66.7%) achieved statistical significance: Visual Simple Reaction Time with preferred hand and with nonpreferred hand, Continuous Performance, Digit Symbol, Pursuit Aiming, and Sign Register.We found a significant relationship between chronic low-level traffic-related air pollution exposure and neurobehavioral function in exposed children. More studies are needed to explore the effects of traffic exhaust on neurobehavioral function and development.
Data from one high dependency unit supports their effectiveness
Authors: J E Peacock, D L Edbrooke
Journal: BMJ (1995)

unit, thereby freeing beds.' Indeed, the fact that roughly 42% of admissions to Ryan's unit are elective surgical cases might seem to support this view.Furthermore, the small number of patients whose operations were cancelled or who had to be transferred from the unit suggests that Newcastle might be reasonably well supplied with beds in intensive care units.Unfortunately, Ryan's figures may not be representative of other centres, particularly as the Department of Health's recent audit report highlighted a wide variation in the provision of beds in intensive care units in England.2For instance, in 1993 the Wessex region had an average of 1 9 beds per 100000 population yet the figure for the Northern region was 2.6.2Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust has only nine intensive care unit beds to serve a local population of about 550 000-a ratio of 1-63-and this fails to recognise the presence of a regional renal unit.Our data (table ) show a different picture from that described by Ryan' and others.3The monthly occupancy in intensive care units in Portsmouth varies between 70% and 98%, 86% of admissions require treatment on the basis of Wagner et als criteria,4 and only 17% of admissions occur after elective surgery.Less than 6-5% of bed days are accounted for by patients who are not ventilated.Admissions to Portsmouth intensive therapy service, April
Autophagy Induction by the Pathogen Receptor CD46
Authors: Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert, Grégory Meiffren, Isabel Pombo Grégoire, Guillemette Pontini, Clémence Richetta, Monique Flacher, Olga Azocar, Pierre-Olivier Vidalain, Marc Vidal, Vincent Lotteau, Patrice Codogno, Chantal Rabourdin-Combe, Mathias Faure
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Physical rehabilitation for the chronic bronchitic: results of a controlled trial of exercises in the home.
Authors: C R McGavin, S P Gupta, E L Lloyd, G J McHardy
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Twenty-four men with chronic bronchitis participated in a controlled trial of a physical training scheme. The training involved progressive stair-climbing exercises carried out over a three-month period unsupervised at home. The twelve men in the exercise group benefited significantly in terms of general well-being and reduced breathlessness. Their exercise tolerance increased significantly as judged by increased walking speed in a simple 12-minute walking test and by a greater work load tolerated in a progressive work load test on a bicycle ergometer. The mean stride length during the walking test increased significantly with training. No significant changes occurred in body weight, ventilatory function tests or heart rate on exercise. There were no important changes in the control group. It is not clear whether the improvements noted were due to physiological changes such as improved neuromuscular coordination producing a more efficient walking pattern or to predominantly psychological factors such as increased tolerance of dyspnoea. The study demonstrates that a simple training scheme which can be administered from a hospital clinic or family doctor's surgery is safe, feasible, and of benefit to the chronic bronchitic.
ANTEFLEXION OF THE UTERUS; ITS CAUSES AND TREATMENT.
Authors: AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Anteflexion of the uterus may not infrequently be regarded as a symptom of an undeveloped condition of the genitalia. The state is, no doubt, in many cases, congenital in its manifestation, or is early superinduced by exposure of the subject to faulty hygienic surroundings. Improper modes of dressing during the years of childhood and before puberty have been ascribed as an important factor entering into its causation, but it is often difficult to appreciate how the normal intra-abdominal pressure can be so modified as to cause, to any great extent, before the vulvovaginal introitus has been affected by the influences of parturient processes, displacement of so small an organ as the uterus, which, for the most part scarcely measures by the sound two and one-half inches in depth. The uterus, including its cervix, sustained in its proper position by the uterosacral ligaments, with the axis of the corpus assuming with
Permeability of the Alveolar Membrane to Solutes
Authors: AUBREY E. TAYLOR, ARTHUR C. GUYTON, VERNON S. BISHOP
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

The lower lobe of the left lung of 54 dogs was isolated and perfused with a dextran-Tyrode's solution. The alveoli were filled with Tyrode's solution, and permeability coefficients were measured for diffusion of several substances across the alveolar membrane. The permeability coefficients of the pulmonary membrane for K 42 , urea, Na 24 , glucose, D 2 O, and dinitrophenal(DNP) were 56.5 ± 3.5, 22.9±9.2, 7.5±2.1, 3.1±0.7, 400, and 400x10 -7 cm/sec, respectively. The effect of varying the flow rate on the permeability coefficient of Na 24 was investigated, and the data failed to show any significant correlation between the flow limits of 3.8 to 12. 8 cm/min/g lung tissue. The effect of two different procedures for filling the alveoli with fluid on the permeability coefficients was also investigated and no difference could be discerned in the results. The data support the thesis that the alveolar membrane has permeability characteristics similar to those of the usual cell membrane. The interstitial fluid volume of the lung (extravascular sodium space) was measured and yielded a value in normal lungs of 0.250 ± 0.129 cc/g lung tissiue. In three edematous lungs, this space averaged three times the normal value.
Tumor Eradication by Radiofrequency Therapy-Reply
Authors: Harry H. Le Veen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Radiofrequency (RF) heating of tissue can be accomplished in two ways. That referred to by Dr Selker is inductive heating, wherein the RF current is converted into a magnetic field by passing it through a coil. The magnetic field induces heat in conductive materials such as electrolyte solutions, metal particles, and wires. Naturally, even temperature sensors with high resistance wires would be heated above ambient temperature and thus interfere with measurements. Our work was done with the other method of RF heating, called dielectric heating. This is accomplished by placing the part to be heated between two plates of a condenser. The current passing between the two electrodes heats only poorly conductive substances and does not heat wires. Nevertheless, the RF current can traverse the wires into the indicating circuits. This is prevented by the interposition of a small, commercially available RF filter. The accuracy of such temperature
ARC is a novel therapeutic approach against acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular necrosis
Authors: Junfeng An, Felix Mehrhof, Christoph Harms, Gisela Lättig-Tünnemann, Sabrina L.L. Lee, Matthias Endres, Mingyi Li, Gernot Sellge, Ana D. Mandić, Christian Trautwein, Stefan Donath
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
"Sanarelli's Autobiography."
Authors: Felix Vitale
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Coylesville, N. J., Sept. 26, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Please send me a copy of theJournalof September 9, in which you editorially criticise a fulsome, ostensibly autobiographic, notice of Professor Sanarelli, recently appearing in the<i>N. Y. Herald</i>. I am a personal friend of Professor Sanarelli, in constant correspondence with him, and I can assure you that he had nothing to do with the said notice, which was made up from fragmentary information by an Italian lawyer and a physician whose name I do not now remember. I can assure you that when Sanarelli learns of the publicaation, he will be much displeased at this piece of graphomaniac impudence of the legal gentleman, who, I may add, demanded in an Italian paper the greater part of the credit of producing that "autobiography." You will see my name in the last number (September 23) of the<i>Medical News</i>, which
A History of Vascular Surgery
Authors: James S. T. Yao
Journal: JAMA (1990)

As vascular surgery emerges as a specialty in the field of surgery, this monograph provides a comprehensive description of its history. Thirteen chapters ranging from practices in antiquity to recent advances form the body of the text. Appropriate illustrations have been inserted to highlight the original surgical procedures. In addition, there are ample photographs of pioneering surgeons to add a special flavor in this nicely produced monograph. Chapter 1 gives an excellent description of the beginnings of vascular surgery. Surgery attained a remarkable development in ancient India, and it is fitting that the author gives proper credit to Sushruta, the father of Hindu surgery. His contribution has been largely ignored in many historical writings on vascular surgery. In fact, knowledge of early surgery has been gained for the most part from three sacred books, the<i>Rig Veda</i>, the<i>Atharva Veda</i>, and the<i>Sushruta Samhita</i>. The description of contributions by Sushruta,