tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heat Shock Protein 70, Erythropoietin, and Cancer
Authors: Kurt C. Sizer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Erythropoietin, and Cancer TO THE EDITOR: Henke et al recently reported that erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) tumor status correlated with progression-free survival outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer scheduled for radiotherapy, who were randomly assigned to receive erythropoietin or placebo. A primary criticism of this study has been the controversy regarding the specificity of the EpoR antibody (C-20; Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA) used for immunohistochemical staining. Interestingly, C-20 has been reported to recognize heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) almost exclusively, due to cross-reactivity of the EpoR immunizing peptide. The significance of HSP-70 staining in the study by Henke et al should be re-examined, in light of recent data. Although overexpression of HSPs, and HSP-70 in particular, in a wide variety of human tumors and their potential associations with clinical outcomes have been reported, a direct link between HSP-70 and erythropoietin exposure had not been previously established. However, Ribeil et al, recently reported that in the presence of erythropoietin, HSP-70 protects nuclear transcription factor GATA-1 from caspase-mediated proteolysis, resulting in erythroid differentiation. In contrast, in the absence of erythropoietin, HSP-70 is exported out of the nucleus, GATA-1 is cleaved, and erythroid precursors undergo apoptosis. These results evoke several relevant questions, including: what is the relationship between HSP-70 and erythropoietin in tumor cells? In particular, does erythropoietin differentially promote tumor cell survival based on HSP-70 expression? With regard to tumor biopsy study by Henke et al, was the C-20 antibody used in this study actually distinguishing HSP-70–positive and –negative tumors (rather than, or in addition to EpoR)? Was it HSP-70 expression that correlated with progression-free survival outcomes for patients exposed to erythropoietin or placebo? Re-examining these tumors with an HSP-70– specific antibody would address this issue directly. Future prospective and retrospective studies designed to further examine the relationship between erythropoietin exposure and tumor progression and survival, should consider HSP-70 tumor expression status in those trials that include tumor biopsies. Such studies, coupled with emerging biologic data, such as the study by Ribeil et al, will guide rational treatment recommendations for the use of erythroid stimulating agents in patients with cancer.
Pre-ankylosing spondylitis. Histopathological report.
Authors: E G Pasion, J W Goodfellow
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

A novel explanation for the natural history of joint destruction in the early phase of ankylosing spondylitis is proposed on the basis of the clinical history, x-ray appearance, operative findings, and histopathology of a young patient believed to be suffering from the peripheral form of this disease.
Diffuse Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: A. PHILIPPE CHAHINIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

From 1974 to 1980, 69 patients with ith diffuse malignant mesothelioma were prospectively evaluated. The initial site of involvement was the pleura in 57 patients and the peritoneum in 12. Previous asbestos exposure was found in 53 patients (77%), with a shorter period of latency for peritoneal (mean, 28 years) than for ith pleural mesothelioma (mean, 35 years) than for pleural mesothelioma (mean, 35 years). Other associated exposure or diseases included talc, mica, familial Mediterranean fever, and diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma (one patient each). Thrombocytosis was common, as were thromboembolic episodes. Survival was significantly better for patients with an epithelial subtype, with pleural versus peritoneal mesothelioma, and for those under 65 years of age. Surgery was never curative, but its extent was correlated with survival and earlier diagnosis. Results of chemotherapy with doxorubicin and 5-azacytidine yielded a somewhat better survival rate than a combined program with doxorubicin and radiotherapy. Survival after chemotherapy was correlated with performance status, response to chemotherapy, and extent of previous surgery.
Survey on the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in England and Wales
Authors: A Crook, A Duffy, DJ Girling, RL Souhami, MK Parmar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

As an adjunct to a meta-analysis of chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a survey was conducted in England and Wales of clinicians' views on the role of chemotherapy in NSCLC and the benefits it would have to offer to lead them to change their practice. Radiotherapists, medical oncologists, surgeons and physicians specializing in thoracic medicine, and physicians of palliative medicine were asked their views on the treatment of three case histories of 65 yr old men: Case 1, resected tumour involving a hilar lymph node (tumour (T)2, node (N)1, metastasis (M)0); Case 2, tumour that had spread to mediastinal lymph nodes bilaterally (T2, N3, M0); and Case 3, metastatic cancer (M1) accompanied by minor haemoptysis. Six hundred and ninety eight (85%) of the 821 clinicians responded. For Case 1, 74% would not recommend any adjuvant treatment, 24% would recommend radiotherapy, and <1% chemotherapy, and there was little expectation that adjuvant treatment would improve survival. For Case 2, 68% would recommend radiotherapy, 11% chemotherapy, and 1% surgery, 7% recommending a combination. Adjuvant treatment, regardless of modality, was expected to improve survival. For Case 3, only 11% would recommend chemotherapy, but 26% if the patient was aged < or = 50 yrs. There was little expectation of survival beyond 1 yr, or of improving survival with chemotherapy. For all three cases, most of those not recommending chemotherapy would require it to achieve substantially improved survival for them to use it routinely. Surgery alone is currently considered sufficient for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Chemotherapy is rarely recommended for disease of any stage.
Moving Toward Quality Palliative Cancer Care: Parent and Clinician Perspectives on Gaps Between What Matters and What Is Accessible
Authors: Alisha Kassam, Julia Skiadaresis, Sharifa Habib, Sarah Alexander, Joanne Wolfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The National Consensus Project (NCP) published a set of standards for quality palliative care delivery. A key step before applying these guidelines to pediatric oncology is to evaluate how much families and clinicians value these standards. We aimed to determine which elements of palliative care are considered important according to bereaved parents and pediatric oncology clinicians and to determine accessibility of these elements.We administered questionnaires to 75 bereaved parents (response rate, 54%) and 48 pediatric oncology clinicians (response rate, 91%) at a large teaching hospital. Outcome measures included importance ratings and accessibility of core elements of palliative care delivery.Fifteen of 20 core elements were highly valued by both parents and clinicians (defined as > 60% of parents and clinicians reporting the item as important). Compared with clinicians, parents gave higher ratings to receiving cancer-directed therapy during the last month of life (P < .01) and involvement of a spiritual mentor (P = .03). Of the valued elements, only three were accessible more than 60% of the time according to clinicians and parents. Valued elements least likely to be accessible included a direct admission policy to hospital, sibling support, and parent preparation for medical aspects surrounding death.Parents and clinicians highly value a majority of palliative care elements described in the NCP framework. Children with advanced cancer may not be receiving key elements of palliative care despite parents and clinicians recognizing them as important. Evaluation of barriers to provision of quality palliative care and strategies for overcoming them are critical.
Recent Advances in Neuroblastoma
Authors: John M. Maris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Neuroblastoma, an embryonal cancer of the autonomic nervous system, is the most common cancer diagnosed during the first year of life. Although neuroblastoma accounts for disproportionately high morbidity and mortality among childhood cancers, it has one of the highest rates of spontaneous and complete regression. The author discusses recent advances in our understanding of neuroblastoma.
C1q Governs Deposition of Circulating Immune Complexes and Leukocyte Fcγ Receptors Mediate Subsequent Neutrophil Recruitment
Authors: Tracy Stokol, Peter O'Donnell, Ling Xiao, Sara Knight, George Stavrakis, Marina Botto, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Tanya N. Mayadas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Inflammation induced by circulating immunoglobulin G–immune complexes (ICs) characterizes many immune-mediated diseases. In this work, the molecular requirements for the deposition of circulating ICs and subsequent acute leukocyte recruitment in mice were elucidated. We show that after intravenous injection, preformed soluble ICs are rapidly deposited in the postcapillary venules of the cremaster microcirculation, secondary to increased vascular permeability. This deposition is dependent on complement C1q. IC deposition is associated with leukocyte recruitment. Leukocyte rolling, which is mediated by P-selectin in the exteriorized cremaster muscle, is not further increased in response to ICs. In contrast, leukocyte rolling velocity is significantly decreased and leukocyte adhesion is significantly increased in the presence of ICs. The IC-mediated slow leukocyte rolling velocity and subsequent adhesion and emigration are dependent on Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), particularly FcγRIII, with complement C3 and C5 having no detectable role. These studies suggest a regulatory mechanism of IC deposition and leukocyte trafficking in IC-mediated inflammation requiring C1q and FcγRs in sequential, noninteracting roles.
Prophylactic cranial irradiation in small-cell lung cancer: Findings from a North Central Cancer Treatment Group Pooled Analysis
Authors: S.E. Schild, N.R. Foster, J.P. Meyers, H.J. Ross, P.J. Stella, Y.I. Garces, K.R. Olivier, J.R. Molina, L.R. Past, A.A. Adjei
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)

This pooled analysis evaluated the outcomes of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in 739 small-cell lung cancer (SCLC patients with stable disease (SD) or better following chemotherapy ± thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) to examine the potential advantage of PCI in a wider spectrum of patients than generally participate in PCI trials.
Effect of second- and third-generation oral contraceptives on the protein C system in the absence or presence of the factor VLeiden mutation: a randomized trial
Authors: Jeanet M. Kemmeren, Ale Algra, Joost C. M. Meijers, Guido Tans, Bonno N. Bouma, Joyce Curvers, Jan Rosing, Diederick E. Grobbee
Journal: Blood (2003)
Structural Abnormalities in Frontal, Temporal, and Limbic Regions and Interconnecting White Matter Tracts in Schizophrenic Patients With Prominent Negative Symptoms
Authors: Thordur Sigmundsson, John Suckling, Michael Maier, Steven C.R. Williams, Edward T. Bullmore, Kathryn E. Greenwood, Rimmei Fukuda, Maria A. Ron, Brian K. Toone
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Imaging studies of schizophrenia have repeatedly demonstrated global abnormalities of cerebral and ventricular volumes. However, pathological changes at more local levels of brain organization have not yet been so clearly characterized because of the few brain regions of interest heretofore included in morphometric analyses as well as heterogeneity of patient samples. METHOD: Dual echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired at 1.5 T from 27 right-handed patients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia with enduring negative symptoms and from 27 healthy comparison subjects. Between-group differences in gray and white matter volume were estimated at each intracerebral voxel after registration of the images in standard space. The relationship between clinical symptom scores and brain structure was also examined within the patient group. Spatial statistics and permutation tests were used for inference. RESULTS: Significant deficits of gray matter volume in the patient group were found at three main locations: 1) the left superior temporal gyrus and insular cortex, 2) the left medial temporal lobe (including the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus), and 3) the anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri. The volume of these three regions combined was 14% lower in the patients relative to the comparison subjects. White matter deficits were found in similar locations in the left temporal lobe and extended into the left frontal lobe. The patient group showed a relative excess of gray matter volume in the basal ganglia. Within the patient group, basal ganglia gray matter volume was positively correlated with positive symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomical abnormalities in these schizophrenic patients with marked negative symptoms were most evident in left hemispheric neocortical and limbic regions and related white matter tracts. These data are compatible with models that depict schizophrenia as a supraregional disorder of multiple, distributed brain regions and the axonal connections between them.
Pathological and virological findings in patients with persistent hypertransaminasaemia of unknown aetiology
Authors: C Berasain
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The histopathological spectrum and role of hepatitis viruses in cases of hypertransaminasaemia of unknown aetiology have not been correctly analysed in a sufficiently large number of patients. <h3>METHODS</h3> We studied 1075 consecutive patients referred for liver biopsy because of elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels for more than six months. From this population we selected those cases in whom the aetiology could not be defined from clinical, biochemical, and serological data obtained before biopsy. In these patients liver biopsies were reviewed, and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA were assayed in serum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum hepatitis G virus (HGV)-RNA was determined by PCR in 74 patients. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Of 1075 patients studied, the cause of the increased serum ALT levels remained elusive after appropriate testing in 109 patients (10.1%). Liver biopsies from these patients showed non-specific changes in 32.7% of cases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in 15.8%, and chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis in 51.5%. HBV-DNA and/or HCV-RNA was detected more frequently in cryptogenic liver disease than in healthy blood donors (26.7% <i>v</i> 3.4%; p&lt;0.001). HGV-RNA was found in only one patient. The proportion of cases with detectable HBV-DNA or HCV-RNA was 14.3% in patients with non-specific changes or NASH, 30.7% in patients with chronic hepatitis, and 61.5% in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was found more frequently in patients with positive HBV-DNA and/or HCV-RNA in serum than in those who tested negatively (p=0.005). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In our series, patients in whom biochemical and serological data did not determine the aetiology of the disease represented 10% of all cases referred for liver biopsy for persistent elevation of serum transaminases. Approximately 50% of patients had chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis and the remainder had NASH or non-specific changes. Occult viral infections were found in a high proportion of cases in the first group and in a low percentage of patients in the second.
Risk-Adapted Dose-Dense Immunochemotherapy Determined by Interim FDG-PET in Advanced-Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Craig H. Moskowitz, Heiko Schöder, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Camelia Sima, Alexia Iasonos, Carol S. Portlock, David Straus, Ariela Noy, Maria L. Palomba, Owen A. O'Connor, Steven Horwitz, Sarah A. Weaver, Jessica L. Meikle, Daniel A. Filippa, James F. Caravelli, Paul A. Hamlin, Andrew D. Zelenetz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

PURPOSE In studies of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) performed after two to four cycles of chemotherapy has demonstrated prognostic significance. However, some patients treated with immunochemotherapy experience a favorable long-term outcome despite a positive interim FDG-PET scan. To clarify the significance of interim FDG-PET scans, we prospectively studied interim FDG-positive disease within a risk-adapted sequential immunochemotherapy program. PATIENTS AND METHODS From March 2002 to November 2006, 98 patients at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center received induction therapy with four cycles of accelerated R-CHOP (rituximab + cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) followed by an interim FDG-PET scan. If the FDG-PET scan was negative, patients received three cycles of ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide) consolidation therapy. If residual FDG-positive disease was seen, patients underwent biopsy; if the biopsy was negative, they also received three cycles of ICE. Patients with a positive biopsy received ICE followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 44 months, overall and progression-free survival were 90% and 79%, respectively. Ninety-seven patients underwent interim FDG-PET scans; 59 had a negative scan, 51 of whom are progression free. Thirty-eight patients with FDG-PET-positive disease underwent repeat biopsy; 33 were negative, and 26 remain progression free after ICE consolidation therapy. Progression-free survival of interim FDG-PET-positive/biopsy-negative patients was identical to that in patients with a negative interim FDG-PET scan (P = .27). CONCLUSION Interim or post-treatment FDG-PET evaluation did not predict outcome with this dose-dense, sequential immunochemotherapy program. Outside of a clinical trial, we recommend biopsy confirmation of an abnormal interim FDG-PET scan before changing therapy.
Methadone in Tang®
Authors: A. MITCHELL SMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 January 1973Methadone in Tang®A. MITCHELL SMITH, M.D., MICHAEL B. DRATCH, M.D., SOLOMON S. MINTZ, M.D.A. MITCHELL SMITH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MICHAEL B. DRATCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SOLOMON S. MINTZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-1-154_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The case of a patient recently seen by us is pertinent to the methadone-Tang® problem described in a letter that appeared in the May 1972 issue (p. 830).A 52-year-old, obese, white man was brought into the Emergency Unit by his family because they were unable to arouse him. He was apneic and cyanotic and immediately started to vomit and aspirate the vomitus. An endotracheal tube could not be inserted because of the vomiting, and a tracheostomy had to be provided. The patient was placed on a respirator. Physical examination showed multiple needle marks and chronic phlebitis... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1973Volume 78, Issue 1Page: 154-155KeywordsOverweightTracheostomyVentilatorsVomiting Issue Published: 1 January 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Treatment of intraductal carcinoma with limited surgery: long-term follow-up.
Authors: W J Gallagher, F C Koerner, W C Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Adequate therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains controversial. In spite of limited follow-up, recent studies advocate excision and postoperative radiotherapy as treatment. In an effort to provide long-term follow-up information, we evaluated retrospectively a group of 17 patients treated without mastectomy. Thirteen patients were treated with local excision, while four received excision and postoperative radiotherapy. Median follow-up is 100 months, with minimum follow-up 78 months. Five patients (29%) have recurred locally, at a median of 47 months following initial therapy. Three of the local recurrences were invasive carcinomas; two were DCIS. The patients recurring with invasive carcinoma progressed to disseminated disease and death, at a median of 131 months following their local recurrence. Of the eight patients followed for more than 9 years, four (50%) have recurred. Two patients have developed contralateral breast cancer, both treated by mastectomy. No recurrences have occurred in the group receiving radiotherapy. We conclude that long-term follow-up is required to accurately assess local recurrence rates in this disease, and that many recurrences will be invasive carcinomas. Since this lesion is virtually 100% curable by mastectomy, further analysis of long-term studies is warranted before recommending breast conservation to the majority of patients with DCIS.
Trichotillomania in Children: A Review
Authors: FORTUNE V. MANNINO, RAFAEL A. DELGADO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Trichotillomania in children is not a common occurrence. It appears to occur more frequently in girls than in boys, however, and cuts across all ages and a wide range of nosological categories. Emotional deprivation in the maternal relationship during early years appears to contribute significantly to the development of the symptom, with the most intense conflict between the child and the original love object. Trichotillomania as a symptom may take on different meanings at different levels of development, with the original meaning becoming obscured and less significant in later years.
Overdetection of Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy: Estimates Based on Patient and Tumor Characteristics
Authors: Jing Xia, Bruce J. Trock, Roman Gulati, Leslie Mallinger, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Peter R. Carroll, H. Ballentine Carter, Ruth Etzioni
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Prostate-specific antigen recurrence (PSA-R) after radical prostatectomy (RP) can occur years before metastasis. This study estimates the chance that an untreated PSA-R would not progress to clinical metastasis within the patient's lifetime, that is, that recurrence is overdetected. Experimental Design: Times from PSA-R to metastasis were estimated from patients with RP treated at Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, MD) who did not receive salvage treatment (n = 441) at PSA-R. Times to other-cause death were based on U.S. life tables adjusted to reflect other-cause survival among RP cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. We used competing risks simulation to estimate lower bounds on the chance that other-cause death would precede clinical metastasis for patients with disease characteristics at diagnosis based on the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) database (n = 4,455). Results: Cumulative incidence of PSA-R in CaPSURE was 13.6% at 5 years and 19.9% at 10 years. The risk of other-cause death among patients with RP in SEER was 60% lower than the age-matched U.S. population. At least 9.1% of patients with PSA-R &amp;lt;5 years after RP and at least 15.6% of patients with PSA-R 5 to 10 years after RP were overdetected. At least 31.4% of patients over the age of 70 years at diagnosis, who recurred &amp;lt;10 years of diagnosis, were overdetected. Conclusions: This analysis indicates that PSA-R after RP may be overdetected, with risk depending on patient age and tumor characteristics. The potential for overdetection of recurrence confirms the need for approaches to determine whether and when to initiate salvage therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5302–10. ©2014 AACR.