tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel Method of Quantifying Pulmonary Vascular Resistance by Use of Simultaneous Invasive Pressure Monitoring and Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Flow
Authors: Vivek Muthurangu, Andrew Taylor, Rado Andriantsimiavona, Sanjeet Hegde, Marc E. Miquel, Robert Tulloh, Edward Baker, Derek L.G. Hill, Reza S. Razavi
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) quantification is important in the treatment of children with pulmonary hypertension. The Fick principle, used to quantify pulmonary artery flow, may be a flawed technique. We describe a novel method of PVR quantification by the use of magnetic resonance (MR) flow data and invasive pressure measurements.In 24 patients with either suspected pulmonary hypertension or congenital heart disease requiring preoperative assessment, PVR was calculated by the use of simultaneously acquired MR flow and invasive pressure measurements (condition 1). In 19 of the 24 patients, PVR was also calculated at 20 ppm nitric oxide +30% (condition 2) and at 20 ppm nitric oxide +100% oxygen (condition 3), with the use of the MR method. This method proved safe and feasible in all patients. In 15 of 19 patients, PVR calculated by Fick flow was compared with the MR method. At condition 1, Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of 2.3% (MR > Fick) and limits of agreement of 50.2% to -45.5%. At condition 2, there was poorer agreement (bias was 28%, and the limits of agreement were 151.3% to 95.2%). At condition 3, there was very poor agreement (bias was 54.2%, and the limits of agreement were 174.4% to -66.0%).We have demonstrated the feasibility of using simultaneous invasive pressure measurements and MR flow data to measure PVR in humans.
Women, Work, and Health
Authors: Glorian Sorensen, Lois M. Verbrugge
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1987)

The majority of women today simultaneously occupy demanding work and family roles. In 1980, 60 percent of women between 16 and 64 years of age were employed (76). Yet women continue to shoulder the main responsibilty for household tasks and childcare. It is often suggested that women's multiple responsibilities and attendant role conflicts will have negative consequences for their health. Despite the rising concern and considerable speculation surrounding this subject, little is known about the implications of women's rising employment for changes in women's physical and mental well-being. In this article, we describe the main theoretical models and pertinent research about work and health among women. It is likely that all of the models contain some truth and that no single model can encompass the ways employment affects women's health. The scientific task therefore is to identify the job conditions and role configurations that lead to positive, or negative, health consequences and then to distill the many empirical results.
Experience of Negative Symptoms: Comparison of Schizophrenic Patients to Patients With a Depressive Disorder and to Normal Subjects
Authors: Jean-Paul Selten, Hajo B.P.E. Gernaat, Willem A. Nolen, Durk Wiersma, Robert J. van den Bosch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: Three hypotheses were tested: 1) schizophrenic patients would report more impairments on a self-rating scale for negative symptoms than normal subjects and attribute higher levels of distress to these impairments, 2) schizophrenic patients would report fewer impairments than patients with a depressive disorder and attribute lower levels of distress to these impairments, and 3) schizophrenic patients would attribute their impairments less often to mental illness than would patients with a depressive disorder. METHOD: A self-rating scale for negative symptoms was administered to 86 patients with schizophrenia, 20 patients with a depressive disorder, and 33 normal subjects. The scale items were derived from the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Two psychiatrists also rated all of the patients on the SANS. RESULTS: The hypotheses were supported. The differences between the two groups of patients in the rates of reported impairments and the levels of reported distress remained statistically significant after control for differences in age, sex, length of current admission, length of illness, dose of neuroleptic medication, use of clozapine, and severity of negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a large number of schizophrenic patients are somewhat aware of negative symptoms but that they are less aware of these impairments and less concerned about them than are patients with a depressive disorder.
Herpes zoster in three healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken); the causative virus differed from vaccine strain on PCR analysis of the IV variable region (R5) and of a <i>Pst</i> I‐site region
Authors: G. YOEN NA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Herpes zoster in three healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken); the causative virus differed from vaccine strain on PCR analysis of the IV variable region (R5) and of a PstI‐site region Get access G. YOEN NA G. YOEN NA Department of Dermatology, Fatima Hospital, 302‐1, Sin‐Am Dong, Dong Gu, Taegu, South Korea 701‐600 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 2, 1 August 1997, Pages 255–258, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18151926.x Published: 01 August 1997
Signal Pathways in Up-regulation of Chemokines by Tyrosine Kinase MER/NYK in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Yi-Mi Wu, Dan R. Robinson, Hsing-Jien Kung
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The AXL/UFO family of tyrosine kinases is characterized by a common N-CAM (neural adhesion molecule)–related extracellular domain and a common ligand, GAS6 (growth arrest-specific protein 6). Family members are prone to transcriptional regulation and carry out diverse functions including the regulation of cell adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and survival. In this report, we describe a new role of MER/N-CAM–related kinase (NYK), a member of the AXL family of kinases, in the up-regulation of chemokines in prostate cancer cells. We show that NYK has elevated expression in a subset of tumor specimens and prostate cancer cell lines. Activation of NYK in the prostate cancer cell line DU145 does not cause a mitogenic effect; instead, it causes a differentiation phenotype. Microarray analysis revealed that NYK is a strong inducer of endocrine factors including interleukin (IL)-8 and several other angiogenic CXC chemokines as well as bone morphogenic factors. The dramatic increase of IL-8 expression is seen at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The downstream signals engaged by NYK were characterized, and those responsible for the up-regulation of IL-8 transcription were defined. In contrast to IL-1α, NYK-induced up-regulation of IL-8 in DU145 depends on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/Jun/Fos pathway, but not phosphoinositide 3′-kinase/nuclear factor-κB. These data define a new function of the AXL family of kinases and suggest a potential role of NYK in prostate cancer progression.
Body Mass Index and Outcomes in Patients Who Receive Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer
Authors: James J. Dignam, Blase N. Polite, Greg Yothers, Peter Raich, Linda Colangelo, Michael J. O'Connell, Norman Wolmark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Background: Although several studies have established a link between obesity and colon cancer risk, little is known about the effect of obesity on outcomes after diagnosis. We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI) with outcomes after colon cancer in patients from cooperative group clinical trials. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 4288 patients with Dukes B and C colon cancer who were accrued from July 1989 to February 1994 to National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomized trials. Risk of recurrence, second primary cancer, and mortality (overall and by likely cause) were evaluated in relation to BMI at diagnosis using statistical modeling. Median follow-up time was 11.2 years. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Very obese patients (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 ) had greater risk of a colon cancer event (recurrence or secondary primary tumor; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10 to 1.73) than normal weight patients (BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ). Mortality was greater for very obese (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.57) and underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 ) (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.91) than for normal weight patients. The increased risk of mortality for underweight patients was dominated by non–colon cancer deaths (HR of such deaths compared with normal weight patients = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.50 to 3.31), whereas for the very obese, deaths likely due to colon cancer were increased (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.73). Conclusions: Among colon cancer patients, a BMI greater than 35.0 kg/m 2 at diagnosis was associated with an increased risk for recurrence of and death from colon cancer. Further studies are needed to determine pathways between obesity and recurrence risk and whether weight reduction or related interventions would improve prognosis.
Dosing and Delivery of a Recombinant Surfactant in Lung-injured Adult Sheep
Authors: JIM LEWIS, LYNDA McCAIG, DIETRICH HÄFNER, ROGER SPRAGG, RUUD VELDHUIZEN, CAROLYN KERR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a surfactant based on a recombinant surfactant protein-C (rSP-C) at three different doses (25, 100, and 200 mg lipid/kg) in the saline lavage adult sheep model of acute lung injury. All three doses resulted in significant improvements in gas exchange, although the 100 and 200 mg/kg doses were superior to the 25 mg/kg dose. There were no significant differences in effect of the 100 and 200 mg/kg doses. In addition, the physiologic efficacy and lobar surfactant distribution patterns were similar when two different surfactant delivery methods were compared. This comparison involved administering the surfactant directly into each lobe under bronchoscopic guidance, versus instilling the surfactant through an endotracheal tube into the lungs. However, the former technique took significantly longer to perform (24.5 ± 3.3 min versus 11.6 ± 2.5 min, p < 0.05) and required a skilled bronchoscopist. In conclusion, rSP-C surfactant was effective in improving gas exchange in this model of lung injury, although higher doses were required for optimal responses. The bronchoscopic administration technique produced results similar to those of the tracheal instillation method, but had some disadvantages that may limit the widespread clinical use of this technique in patients with lung injury.
SENSORY SIGNALS IN NEURAL POPULATIONS UNDERLYING TACTILE PERCEPTION AND MANIPULATION
Authors: Antony W. Goodwin, Heather E. Wheat
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2004)

For humans to manipulate an object successfully, the motor control system must have accurate information about parameters such as the shape of the stimulus, its position of contact on the skin, and the magnitude and direction of contact force. The same information is required for perception during haptic exploration of an object. Much of these data are relayed by the mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the glabrous skin of the digits. Single afferent responses are modulated by all the relevant stimulus parameters. Thus, only in complete population reconstructions is it clear how each of the parameters can be signaled to the brain independently when many are changing simultaneously, as occurs in most normal movements or haptic exploration. Modeling population responses reveals how resolution is affected by neural noise and intrinsic properties of the population such as the pattern and density of innervation and the covariance of response variability.
H11 Kinase Prevents Myocardial Infarction by Preemptive Preconditioning of the Heart
Authors: Christophe Depre, Li Wang, Xiangzhen Sui, Hongyu Qiu, Chull Hong, Nadia Hedhli, Audrey Ginion, Amy Shah, Michel Pelat, Luc Bertrand, Thomas Wagner, Vinciane Gaussin, Stephen F. Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Ischemic preconditioning confers powerful protection against myocardial infarction through pre-emptive activation of survival signaling pathways, but it remains difficult to apply to patients with ischemic heart disease, and its effects are transient. Promoting a sustained activation of preconditioning mechanisms in vivo would represent a novel approach of cardioprotection. We tested the role of the protein H11 kinase (H11K), which accumulates by 4- to 6-fold in myocardium of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and in experimental models of ischemia. This increased expression was quantitatively reproduced in cardiac myocytes using a transgenic (TG) mouse model. After 45 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, hearts from TG mice showed an 82±5% reduction in infarct size compared with wild-type (WT), which was similar to the 84±4% reduction of infarct size observed in WT after a protocol of ischemic preconditioning. Hearts from TG mice showed significant activation of survival kinases participating in preconditioning, including Akt and the 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). H11K directly binds to both Akt and AMPK and promotes their nuclear translocation and their association in a multiprotein complex, which results in a stimulation of survival mechanisms in cytosol and nucleus, including inhibition of proapoptotic effectors (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Bad, and Foxo), activation of antiapoptotic effectors (protein kinase Cε, endothelial and inducible NO synthase isoforms, and heat shock protein 70), increased expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and genomic switch to glucose utilization. Therefore, activation of survival pathways by H11K preemptively triggers the antiapoptotic and metabolic response to ischemia and is sufficient to confer cardioprotection in vivo equally potent to preconditioning.
First detection of VIM-4 metallo-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Russia
Authors: O.V. Shevchenko, D.Y. Mudrak, E.Y. Skleenova, V.K. Kozyreva, E.N. Ilina, L.N. Ikryannikova, I.A. Alexandrova, S.V. Sidorenko, M.V. Edelstein
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Phase II Study of CT-2103 in Patients With Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma
Authors: Paul Sabbatini, Carol Aghajanian, Don Dizon, Sybil Anderson, Jakob Dupont, John V. Brown, William A. Peters, Andrew Jacobs, Aminder Mehdi, Saul Rivkin, Amy J. Eisenfeld, David Spriggs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT-2103, a novel conjugate of paclitaxel and poly-l-glutamic acid, in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Patients and Methods Ninety-nine patients with measurable disease received intravenous CT-2103 at 175 mg/m 2 of conjugated paclitaxel over 10 minutes every 3 weeks without routine premedications. Platinum-sensitive (n = 42) and platinum-refractory or platinum-resistant patients (n = 57) were enrolled. Thirty-nine patients (39%) had received one or two prior regimens, and 60 patients (61%) had received between three and 12 regimens. Results In 99 patients, the median number of cycles was three (range, one to 14 cycles). The response rate (RR) for all patients was 10% (10 of 99 patients), with median time to disease progression (TTP) of 2 months. The RR (partial response) in platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant patients was 14% (six of 42 patients) and 7% (four of 57 patients), respectively. In patients with only one or two prior regimens, the RR in platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant patients was 28% (five of 18 patients) and 10% (two of 21 patients), with a median TTP of 4 and 2 months, respectively. Grade 2 (15 patients) or 3 (15 patients) neuropathy was reported in 30 patients (30%). Grade 2 hypersensitivity occurred in eight patients (8%) who were subsequently treated with premedications; one patient had grade 3 hypersensitivity and was removed. Grade 2 alopecia was absent. Conclusion CT-2103 is active in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Neurotoxicity in these heavily pretreated patients was more frequent than predicted from phase I trials. Further study to define toxicity and efficacy in patients with less prior therapy is ongoing.
INJURY AND ILLNESS SURVEILLANCE DURING THE 43RD ISAF YOUTH SAILING WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 2013 IN LIMASSOL, CYPRUS
Authors: D Leong, C Vaz Pardal, B Tan, C Lin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Prior studies have indicated that the competitive youth sailor is at risk for sailing-related injuries. Data collected during a large-scale elite youth sailing event is the first step toward developing effective injury/illness prevention strategies in this population. Objective To describe the incidence, pattern, and severity of sailing-related injuries and illnesses among competitive youth sailors during the 43 rd ISAF Youth Sailing World Championship. Design Prospective descriptive study using the International Olympic Committee injury surveillance system reporting forms. Team officials and medical centre doctors submitted daily surveillance reports. Setting 43 rd ISAF Youth Sailing World Championship, 13 to 20 July 2013, Limassol, Cyprus. Participants All participating sailors in the ISAF World Youth Sailing Championship. Risk factor assessment The following risk factors were studied: training load, participation in other sports, use of sunscreen/lifejacket, alcohol and drug consumption. Main Outcome Measurements The occurrence or non-occurrence of sailing-related injuries and illnesses; the number of injuries; the site, type, cause/mechanism of injury; and contributing factors to injuries. Results 11 (3%) sailors out of 351 sailors reported 11 injuries. The rate of injury was 3.9 injuries per 1000 athlete-days. The most commonly injured site was the foot/toe (36%). The top three types were laceration/abrasion (27%), toe nail injury (27%), and contusion/haematoma/bruise (18%). Most injuries were the result of contact with a stagnant object or an acute event. Treatment was sought in 55%, and 1 sailor withdrew from the competition as a result. Of the 4 illnesses, vomiting/diarrhea was the most common symptom (40%) and the gastrointestional system was most commonly affected (75%). Conclusions During a high-level sailing competition, 3% of youth sailors reported injuries and 1% reported illness. The injuries were mainly acute events occurring during racing, while illness was mainly of the gastrointestinal system. This data provides us with the basis for future studies and analysis of injury mechanisms and risk factors in elite sailing.
Novel Mechanism for Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Ghayath Baroudi, Valerie Pouliot, Isabelle Denjoy, Pascale Guicheney, Alvin Shrier, Mohamed Chahine
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —The SCN5A gene encodes the α subunit of the human heart sodium channel (hH1), which plays a critical role in cardiac excitability. Mutations of SCN5A underlie Brugada syndrome, an inherited disorder that leads to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. This study describes changes in cellular localization and functional expression of hH1 in a naturally occurring SCN5A mutation (R1432G) reported for Brugada syndrome. Using patch-clamp experiments, we show that there is an abolition of functional hH1 expression in R1432G mutants expressed in human tsA201 cells but not in Xenopus oocytes. In tsA201 cells, a conservative positively charged mutant, R1432K, produced sodium currents with normal gating properties, whereas other mutations at this site abolished functional sodium channel expression. Immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy showed that the wild-type α subunit expressed in tsA201 cells was localized to the cell surface, whereas the R1432G mutant was colocalized with calnexin within the endoplasmic reticulum. The β 1 subunit was also localized to the cell surface in the presence of the α subunit; however, in its absence, the β 1 subunit was restricted to a perinuclear localization. These results demonstrate that the disruption of SCN5A cell-surface localization is one mechanism that can account for the loss of functional sodium channels in Brugada syndrome. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Molecular basis of AV block and cardiac malformations
Authors: C MITTMANN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Kasahara and Benson  [13]  (pages 40–51) in this issue .

Several genetic anomalies have been identified as a reason for the development of cardiac malformations. For example, syndromes caused by deletions of chromosome 2q11 [1] or trisomy 21 [2] are associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Mutations of different transcription factors essential for heart formation can cause cardiac anomalies. Atrial and ventricular septal defects (ASD, VSD) are inherited in association with limb deformity in the autosomal dominant Holt–Oram syndrome. This is a result of mutations in the gene encoding the T-box transcription factor TBX5 (for a review, see Ref. [3]). For two mutations of TBX5, it was possible to demonstrate an association between genotype and biochemical and cellular characteristics on the one hand, and the clinical phenotype on the other hand, which was either predominantly restricted to the heart or to the upper limbs [4]. Mutations in another transcription factor, the zinc-finger transcription factor GATA4, also were associated with cardiac septal defects [5]. Both GATA4 and TBX5 can directly interact. Therefore, it is conceivable that the disturbance of this interaction by either mutations in GATA4 or TBX5 may contribute to cardiac malformations.

NKX2.5 is a transcription factor critical for … 

*Tel.: +49 228 207 3177. E-mail address: mittmann{at}bfarm.de (C. Mittmann).
Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. II. Aspects of proliferation and migration of epithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of mice.
Authors: M N Marsh
Journal: Gut (1975)

Mice were given either intraperitoneal tritiated thymidine (3H-Tdr) or colchicine to study proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial lymphocytes. Both labelled medium and large lymphocytes ('immunoblasts') were observed throughout the epithelium, crossing the basement membrane and within villous lymphatics for at least seven days after 3H-Tdr administration. Epithelial lymphocytes are predominantly young cells, actively dividing at the rate of 1% per hour. They do not migrate along the villi, unlike epithelial cells, but circulate rapidly through the epithelium, returning to the lamina propria at the rate of approximately 3 epithelial lymphocytes/1000 epithelial cell nuclei/hour. The labelling pattern of epithelial lymphocytes and intralymphatic cells with time was very similar suggesting that epithelial lymphocytes therefore may directly enter adjacent lymphatics and hence gain access to thoracic duct lymph.
Epstein-Barr virus—associated large granular lymphocyte leukemia with cutaneous infiltration
Authors: Hideo Asada, Natsuko Okada, Hideki Tei, Teiichi Yamamura, Koji Hashimoto, Kazuhiro Kondo, Koichi Yamanishi, Kunihiko Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1994)