tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Home treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin: Long‐term incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism
Authors: Enric Grau, Jose M. Tenias, Esperanza Real, Jose Medrano, Rosario Ferrer, Emilio Pastor, Salvador Selfa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Outpatient treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) seems as safe and effective as inpatient treatment with unfractionated heparin (UFH). However, most of the randomized trials comparing a LMWH with UFH described clinical outcomes within 3–6 months. The long‐term incidence of recurrent VTE after treatment of DVT with LMWH remains to be established. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to document the long‐term incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with DVT treated with a LMWH, nadroparin in an outpatient basis. The patients were evaluated 46 months after inclusion in two cohorts comparing home treatment with nadroparin ( n = 130) with in‐hospital treatment with intravenous UFH ( n = 149). More than 60% of the patients in the nadroparin group could be treated at home, either entirely or after a short stay in hospital. The age‐adjusted thrombosis‐free survival was not statistically significant between nadroparin and UFH‐treated patients ( P = 0.084). There was a nonsignificant trend favoring nadroparin as compared with UFH. The hazard ratio (HR) for recurrent VTE in the nadroparin group with respect to the UFH group was 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.17–1.12). No significant differences were observed in overall mortality or major hemorrhage between the two treatment groups. Our study suggests that home treatment of DVT with LMWH is at least as effective and safe as in‐hospital UFH after a long‐term follow‐up period. Am. J. Hematol. 67:10–14, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenosine A2A receptor agonists and PDE inhibitors: a synergistic multitarget mechanism discovered through systematic combination screening in B-cell malignancies
Authors: Richard J. Rickles, Laura T. Pierce, Thomas P. Giordano, Winnie F. Tam, Douglas W. McMillin, Jake Delmore, Jacob P. Laubach, Alexis A. Borisy, Paul G. Richardson, Margaret S. Lee
Journal: Blood (2010)
Abstract 120: Over-expression of microRNA-221 causes neoplastic cell transformation through induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-tumorigenic liver cells
Authors: Volodymyr P. Tryndyak, Frederick A. Beland, Igor P. Pogribny
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are negative regulators of gene expression with immense significance in cancer progression. In cancer cells, aberrant expression of miRNAs has been associated with every aspect of tumor biology, including tumor progression, invasiveness, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance of malignant cells to chemotherapeutic agents. MicroRNA miR-221 is frequently up-regulated in several major human cancers, including liver cancer. More importantly, up-regulated miR-221 is capable of enhancing liver carcinogenesis; it is not clear, however, if over-expression of any given miRNA, including miR-221, is sufficient to initiate neoplastic cell transformation. The goal of our study was to determine the tumorigenic potential of the miR-221 on normal non-transformed liver cells. Non-tumorigenic TRL-1215 rat liver cells were transfected with 20 nM of either scrambled RNA oligonucleotide (control) or pre-miR-221. At 72 hours post-transfection, adherent cells were harvested, re-seeded, and transfection was repeated, a process that was repeated for 10 months. After 1, 2, 4, and 10 months, control and miR-221-transfected cells were collected for subsequent analyses. Ectopic transfection of miR-221 for 1, 2, and 4 months resulted in significant down-regulation of the experimentally confirmed targets of the miR-221, including p27, Ddit4, and Esr1 genes and a number of newly predicted target genes. Previous reports have linked the oncogenic properties of miR-221 in liver carcinogenesis to down-regulation of critical cancer-related genes p27, Ddit4, and Esr1; however, despite a profound and early inhibition of these target genes, we did not find any evidence of neoplastic cell transformation until 10 months of pre-miRNA-221 transfection. At that time, we detected substantial morphological changes in the miR-221-transfected cells and the accumulation of neoplastic phenotypic features (i.e., soft agar colony formation and increase in cell invasiveness). These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of plasma membrane E-cadherin. Array-based RT-PCR analysis demonstrated changes in the expression of a number of extracellular matrix and adhesion genes, including more than a 50 fold up-regulation of the mesenchymal cell marker N-cadherin (Cdh2) gene. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the up-regulation of miR-221 not only enhances liver tumorigenesis, but also initiates the neoplastic cell transformation of the normal liver cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 120. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-120
STUDIES UPON THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON BLOOD AND TISSUE CELLS
Authors: W. R. Earle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. In the presence of autogenous red blood cells, fibroblasts, grown in vitro from the heart and intestine of embryo chicks of from 6-12 days incubation, underwent a rapid degeneration when exposed to light of the visual spectrum. 2. In this degeneration, the cells showed a marked increase in refractive index, and a massive formation of colorless vacuoles of low refractive index. These vacuoles gave no reaction with osmic acid or Sudan III, but took up neutral red. Later in the degeneration the cells showed marked signs of rounding up and of coagulation. In some cases this degeneration process was modified in such a manner that, instead of the formation of vacuoles, the whole cytoplasm became much less viscid and the cells swelled greatly and became spherical. 3. The similarity of this degeneration to that shown by the erythrocytes, and more particularly, to that shown by the polymorphonuclear neutrophils, under the action of light, is pointed out. 4. Degeneration of the fibroblasts occurred when the cells were irradiated by light of any one of the following wave-length zones: (a) 430micromicro-550micromicro; infra-red; (b) 475micromicro-630micromicro; 690micromicro-infra-red; (c) 60micromicro-infra-red. 5. This degeneration was much slower for the cells irradiated through the blue or red filters of less than 5 per cent, and less than 6.6 per cent, respective total transmissions. When irradiated through the green filter of 23 per cent total transmission it was much more rapid, and even more rapid than for cultures irradiated with white light of 100 per cent total transmission. These data were obtained on a short series of cultures and must be considered only as suggestive. 6. In the apparent absence of red cells, the fibroblasts underwent only a slight degree of degeneration after irradiation lasting from 13-24(1/2) hours. It is possible that even this minor degeneration may depend upon the presence of traces of disintegration products of red cells in the culture. Much more advanced degenerative processes were obtained, when many red cells were present, after only 3 hours irradiation.
Myocardial pathology in rats exposed to prolonged environmental heat
Authors: R Yarom, E Levy, E Horowitz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim was to assess the role of continuously high environmental temperature in the genesis of tropical cardiomyopathies. Design – Rats were kept in a climatic chamber at a constant temperature of 34°C (40% relative humidity) for 1 or 2 months. Controls were kept at 24°C. The hearts, either taken directly from the animals or following Langendofl perfusion, were then examined by light and electron microscopy. Experimental material – 69 rats of two different strains, aged about 1 month, were used as the study group. There were 32 suitable controls. Measurements and main results – The weights of the heated rats and their hearts were lower than controls but the body to heart weight ratio was unchanged. The maximum pressure developed by the left ventricle was higher. With light microscopy, focal necrosis, lymphoid and mast cell infiltrations, fibrosis, and occasional calcifications were seen in most heat exposed rats. With electron microscopy most myocytes appeared normal when taken from whole animals. The additional trauma of heart suspension or hypo-osmolar perfusion caused severe membrane related pathology, while controls remained unaffected. Conclusions – Prolonged exposure to heat produces focal cellular reactions and disturbance of the myocyte membrane. The pathogenesis of the changes is as yet uncertain. It may be multifactorial and include calcium and/or oxygen derangements mediated by mast cells, catecholamines, hypothyroidism, and heat shock proteins.
Dietary Nitrate Ameliorates Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Reshma S. Baliga, Alexandra B. Milsom, Suborno M. Ghosh, Sarah L. Trinder, Raymond J. MacAllister, Amrita Ahluwalia, Adrian J. Hobbs
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifactorial disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular failure; morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high. Loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of PH, and agents that augment pulmonary NO signaling are clinically effective in the disease. Inorganic nitrate (NO 3 − ) and nitrite (NO 2 − ) elicit a reduction in systemic blood pressure in healthy individuals; this effect is underpinned by endogenous and sequential reduction to NO. Herein, we determined whether dietary nitrate and nitrite might be preferentially reduced to NO by the hypoxia associated with PH, and thereby offer a convenient, inexpensive method of supplementing NO functionality to reduce disease severity. Methods and Results— Dietary nitrate reduced the right ventricular pressure and hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in wild-type mice exposed to 3 weeks of hypoxia; this beneficial activity was mirrored largely by dietary nitrite. The cytoprotective effects of dietary nitrate were associated with increased plasma and lung concentrations of nitrite and cGMP. The beneficial effects of dietary nitrate and nitrite were reduced in mice lacking endothelial NO synthase or treated with the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor allopurinol. Conclusions— These data demonstrate that dietary nitrate, and to a lesser extent dietary nitrite, elicit pulmonary dilatation, prevent pulmonary vascular remodeling, and reduce the right ventricular hypertrophy characteristic of PH. This favorable pharmacodynamic profile depends on endothelial NO synthase and xanthine oxidoreductase -catalyzed reduction of nitrite to NO. Exploitation of this mechanism (ie, dietary nitrate/nitrite supplementation) represents a viable, orally active therapy for PH.
Potentiating effect of inhaled acetaldehyde on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: S Myou, M Fujimura, K Nishi, M Matsuda, T Ohka, T Matsuda
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--It has recently been reported that acetaldehyde induces bronchoconstriction indirectly via histamine release. However, no study has been performed to assess whether acetaldehyde worsens bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic subjects so this hypothesis was tested. METHODS--Methacholine provocation was performed on three occasions: (1) after pretreatment with oral placebo and inhaled saline (P-S day), (2) after placebo and inhaled acetaldehyde (P-A day), and (3) after a potent histamine H1 receptor antagonist terfenadine and acetaldehyde (T-A day) in a double blind, randomised, crossover fashion. Nine asthmatic subjects inhaled 0.8 mg/ml acetaldehyde or saline for four minutes. After each inhalation a methacholine provocation test was performed. RESULTS--Methacholine concentrations producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20-MCh) on the P-A day (0.48 mg/ml, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.08) and T-A day (0.41 mg/ml, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.77) were lower than those on the P-S day (0.85 mg/ml, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.54). There was no change in the PC20-MCh between the P-A and T-A days. A correlation was observed between the logarithmic values of PC20-MCh (log PC20-MCh) on the P-S day and the potentiating effect of acetaldehyde on the methacholine responsiveness [(log PC20-MCh on P-A day)-(log PC20-MCh on P-S day)] (rho = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS--Acetaldehyde induces bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma by mechanisms other than histamine release.
Studies on isolated myocytes
Authors: B LIU, U RAVIENS, X-L WANG, E WETTWER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Studies on isolated myocytes Get access B LIU, B LIU From the Department qf Pharmacology, University of Essen, D-4300 Essen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar U RAVIENS, U RAVIENS From the Department qf Pharmacology, University of Essen, D-4300 Essen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar X-L WANG, X-L WANG From the Department qf Pharmacology, University of Essen, D-4300 Essen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E WETTWER E WETTWER From the Department qf Pharmacology, University of Essen, D-4300 Essen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 8, August 1988, Page 590, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.8.590 Published: 01 August 1988
Abstract 5078: Identification of novel gene fusions by RNA-seq in gastric cancer
Authors: Geun-A Cho, Hwang-Phill Kim, Jong-Yeon Shin, Won-Cheol Lee, Young-Kwang Yoon, Sae-Won Han, Jong-Il Kim, Jeong-Sun Seo, Tae-You Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The recent discoveries of gene fusions in prostate cancer, lung cancer and gastric cancer suggested that gene fusion could be recurrent and tumorigenic also in carcinoma not only in haematological malignancies. Here, we have found 19 novel fusion genes and fusion transcripts in 12 gastric cancer cell lines. Using the paired-end RNA-seq approach, we obtained a list of 282 fusion genes and fusion transcripts candidates in 12 gastric cancer cell lines. Among these 282 candidates, we selected 25 candidates to examine: 22 candidates whose number of junction read was greater than 10 and 3 additional candidates whose loci are closely related to 22 previously selected candidates. We validated the candidates via Sanger sequencing. As a result, 19 out of 25 candidates were validated: 7 inter-chromosomal fusions and 12 intra-chromosomal fusions including 6 read-through events. We also performed long-range PCR to confirm genomic rearrangements, through which six candidates did not show any evidence of DNA rearrangements. These six candidates were assumed to be fusion transcripts without DNA-level rearrangements while the others are fusion genes that result from chromosomal rearrangements. Furthermore, we investigated the frequencies of all the 19 validated candidates in normal and tumour tissue pairs of 17 gastric cancer patients to determine whether these fusions are recurrent in other tumours and exist in actual cancer patients. Two inter-chromosomal fusion genes, CCDC67-VAV2 and PVT1-ATE1 were detected only in tumour tissues but in low frequencies: 2/17(11.8%) and 1/17(5.9%) respectively. BCAP29-DUS4L, a read-through event, was detected in 12 tumour tissues, 10 of which were only observed in tumour tissues not in the matched normal pairs. Taken together, we have found 13 fusion genes and 6 fusion transcripts in 12 gastric cancer cell lines, some of which are tumour-specific or highly recurrent in tumour tissues. We believe this study might contribute to find oncogenic fusion genes which can be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5078. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5078
Existence of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity in differentiated lymphoid leukemic cells
Authors: Tadao Usui, Hiroshi Konishi, Hiroyoshi Sawada, Haruto Uchino
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract Acid phosphatase (AcP) in neoplastic cells from various lymphoid leukemias was examined. In the cytochemical studies, tartrate‐resistant AcP (T‐rAcP) activity was observed in the neoplastic cells from well‐differentiated lymphoid leukemias such as adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL), B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL), T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T‐CLL), and hairy‐cell leukemia (HCL). T‐rAcP activity was also detected in a small number of leukemic cells obtained from T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL), while it was not detected in the neoplastic cells from null‐ALL, macroglobulinemia, and multiple myeloma (MM). In the electrophoretical studies, fraction 1 (F‐1), F‐3, F‐3b, and F‐4 were completely tartrate‐sensitive, while F‐2 was partially resistant and F‐5 was completely resistant. T‐rAcP activity (F‐5) was observed in ATL cells, B‐CLL cells, and HCL cells, while it was not detected in ALL cells, macroglobulinemia cells, and MM cells. The present study indicates that T‐rAcP activity is observed not only in HCL cells but also in the well‐differentiated lymphoid cells such as ATL cells, B‐CLL and T‐CLL cells except the most highly differentiated forms of B‐cells of MM and macroglobulinemia.
I-123 Iodoamphetamine Scintigraphic Detection of Bone Metastases From Malignant Melanoma
Authors: NOBUAKI OTSUKA, TERUKI SONE, KOICHI MORITA, MASAO FUKUNAGA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Widely used for cerebral perfusion imaging, I-123 iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) is also known to accumulate in malignant melanomas. A case of malignant melanoma is presented, in which I-123 IMP scintigraphy was useful to visualize the bone metastases. During the period of postoperative follow-up, multiple foci of increased I-123 IMP uptake appeared in the skeleton. Conventional bone scintigraphy was less striking, showing cold defects or irregular radionuclide uptake.
Error in Medicine
Authors: John Dale Dunn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters20 February 2001Error in MedicineJohn Dale Dunn, MD, JDJohn Dale Dunn, MD, JDAdvocacy Committee and Organized Medical Staff Section, Texas Medical Association; Lake Brownwood, TX 76801 (Dunn)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-4-200102200-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Bates and Gawande's essay (1) deserves close attention in view of the national debate about patient safety energized by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on patient safety (2). The authors' positive view of the IOM report differs from comments made by Troyen Brennan in April 2000 (3).Dr. Brennan, a senior researcher in both studies discussed in the IOM report—the Harvard New York study (4) and the Utah/Colorado study (5)—wrote, "I have cautioned against drawing conclusions about the numbers of deaths in these studies"; "The reliability of identifying errors is methodologically suspect"; and "In both studies ...References1. Bates DW, Gawande AA. Error in medicine: what have we learned? Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:763-7. [PMID: 0010787381] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, eds. To Err Is Human: Building a Safe Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Pr; 2000. Google Scholar3. Brennan TA. The Institute of Medicine report on medical errors—could it do harm? N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1123-5. [PMID: 0010760315] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, Hebert L, Localio AR, Lawthers AG, et al . Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:370-6. [PMID: 0001987460] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Thomas EJ, Studdert DM, Burstin HR, Orav EJ, Zeena T, Williams EJ, et al . Incidence and types of adverse events and negligent care in Utah and Colorado. Med Care. 2000;38:261-71. [PMID: 0010718351] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Advocacy Committee and Organized Medical Staff Section, Texas Medical Association; Lake Brownwood, TX 76801 (Dunn) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoError in Medicine: What Have We Learned? David W. Bates and Atul A. Gawande Error in Medicine David W. Bates and Atul A. Gawande Metrics Cited byTo Reveal or Conceal?: Introducing the Anonymous Public Concern Test for US Defamation LawsuitsBibliographyHUMAN ERROR IN HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS: BIBLIOGRAPHY 20 February 2001Volume 134, Issue 4Page: 342KeywordsAdverse eventsSafety ePublished: 20 February 2001 Issue Published: 20 February 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
High-Dose Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy by Slow Subcutaneous Infusion During Pregnancy
Authors: Melvin Berger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The slow, subcutaneous infusion method of immune human serum globulin replacement was used during pregnancy in a woman with common variable immunodeficiency and splenectomy. Since this method allows high doses of immune human serum globulin to be given with little pain or morbidity, as much as 20 mL/day of immune human serum globulin was tolerated, normal serum IgG levels were maintained, and the patient was free from serious infection throughout her pregnancy. The infant also had a normal IgG level at birth and had no evidence of intrauterine infection. This may be a preferable route of immune human serum globulin administration, especially during pregnancy and in other situations where high-dose therapy is advantageous. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2824-2825)
Prevention of leukocyte migration to inflamed skin with a novel fluorosugar modifier of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen
Authors: Charles J. Dimitroff, Thomas S. Kupper, Robert Sackstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

E-selectin and P-selectin on dermal postcapillary venules play critical roles in the migration of effector T cells into inflamed skin. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) modified by α1,3-fucosyltransferase is the principal selectin ligand on skin-homing T cells and is required for effector T cell entry into inflamed skin. We have previously shown that a fluorinated analog of N-acetylglucosamine peracetylated-4-fluorinated-D-glucosamine (4-F-GlcNAc), inhibits selectin ligand expression on human T cell PSGL-1. To analyze 4-F-GlcNAc efficacy in dampening effector T cell migration to inflamed skin, we elicited allergic contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reactions in mice treated with 4-F-GlcNAc. We also investigated 4-F-GlcNAc efficacy on lymphocyte E-selectin ligand expression in LNs draining antigen-sensitized skin and on other immunological processes requisite for CHS responses. Our results showed that 4-F-GlcNAc treatment attenuated lymphocyte E-selectin ligand expression in skin-draining LNs and prevented CHS reactions. Significant reductions in inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate were observed, while pathways related to antigenic processing and presentation and naive T cell recognition within skin-draining LNs were unaffected. These data indicate that 4-F-GlcNAc prevents CHS by inhibiting selectin ligand activity and the capacity of effector T cells to enter antigen-challenged skin without affecting the afferent phase of CHS.