tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PHYSICAL FITNESS IN THE COLLEGE
Authors: WILLIAM R. P. EMERSON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Perhaps there is no better demonstration of the fallacy that may arise from limiting oneself to a special point of view than appears in findings with reference to the physical condition of college men. The attitude of the physician toward health may too often be stated that as a result of the examination of an individual, if actual disease is not found, the individual is considered well. By this process the human race consists of two groups—the sick who have been thus labeled because of medical examinations that look for disease, and all the rest who are perforce said to be well. During recent decades, this undistributed group has been somewhat reduced by discoveries that afford labels for previously unidentified diseases. Among these conspicuously appear thyroid disease, glycemia and allergy. Work in college groups almost exclusively confined to medical examinations shows results on the whole very similar to those secured
Spherocytic Hemolytic Anemia and Acute Cholecystitis Caused by Clostridium Welchii
Authors: John M. Bennett, Paul J. M. Healey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SPHEROCYTOSIS with severe intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria associated with Clostridium welchii postabortal septicemia has often been documented.1 2 3 4 5 6 A detailed review of the literature fails to reveal that hemolytic anemia due to C. welchii has been described in acute cholecystitis, in acute gaseous cholecystitis or in infections complicating gallbladder surgery. This paper reports a case of acquired spherocytic hemolytic anemia recently observed in an elderly woman with acute cholecystitis and with C. welchii septicemia.Case ReportA 75-year-old Irish woman (B.C.H. 1780647) entered the hospital on August 23, 1962, because of continuous nonradiating epigastric pain associated with anorexia, nausea, vomiting . . .
An Address ON SOME CHANGES IN OBSTETRIC PRACTICE SINCE THE FOUNDATION OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON: Delivered before the Society on October 8th
Authors: H. R. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1923)

THE Medical Society of London was founded in 1773 at an important period in the history of British midwifery.The renaissalnce of midwifery occurred later in England than in Coiitinental countries, and dated from the publication in 1651 of WNilliam Harvey's De qe,neratione animaliunm with the chapter on " Labour," which was the first original Eniglish work oni midwifery.The conservative principles and the observation of Nature wlhich Harvey advo- cated had been carried on by a suecession of teacher; , of whom Smellie -one of the greatest obstetricians of all times and countries _ hlad died oiily ten yaeai s -/.
Mammary Tumors in STAT1-Deficient Mice Recapitulate Characteristics of Human Luminal Breast Cancers.
Authors: S. Chan, R. Schreiber
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Human breast cancer of the luminal subtype represents approximately 70% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers. This particular subtype of tumors are estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive and/or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive. However, 50% of these patients do not derive benefit from endocrine therapy. One obstacle in the study of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is that there is currently a deficit in murine models that can fully recapitulate the biology of this highly prevalent breast cancer subtype. Here we show that mice lacking the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) spontaneously developed mammary gland adenocarcinomas that showed remarkable similarities to human luminal breast cancer at histopathological, biological and molecular levels. More than 90% of the tumor cells in both early and advanced lesions were ERα+ and/or PR+. STAT1-/- mammary tumor cells failed to grow in ovariectomized mice, demonstrating that these tumors are addicted to ovarian hormones for proliferation. Supplementing with exogenous estrogen was sufficient to rescue tumor growth in ovariectomized mice. STAT1 functions, at least in part, as an intrinsic tumor suppressor since reconstitution of STAT1 expression in STAT1-/- mammary tumor cells induced spontaneous apoptosis. Induction of cell death required the critical tyrosine residue at position 701, suggesting that the transcriptional function of STAT1 is involved in tumor suppression.In contrast to the anti-oncogenic effect of STAT1, STAT3 was constitutively phosphorylated by JAK2 in the STAT1-/- mammary tumor cells. Inhibition of JAK2 or STAT3 activation resulted in tumor cell death, indicating that STAT3 promotes tumor cell survival. Gene expression profiles of the STAT1-/- mammary tumors showed significant overlaps with that of the human luminal breast cancers, strongly supporting that the STAT1-/- mammary tumors recapitulate the molecular signatures of human luminal breast cancers. Consistent with the results that STAT1 can act as an intrinsic tumor suppressor, approximately 10% of the human ERα+ breast cancer cases exhibit either undetectable or very low level of STAT1 in the mammary epithelial compartment. This study uncovers a unique role of STAT1 in suppressing mammary gland tumorigenesis. Importantly, this physiologically relevant model of human luminal breast cancer will provide an exceptional tool for the development and evaluation of novel therapeutics. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 65.
Interactions of ingested food, beverage, and tobacco components involving human cytochrome P4501A2, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4 enzymes.
Authors: F P Guengerich, T Shimada, C H Yun, H Yamazaki, K D Raney, R Thier, B Coles, T M Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are involved in the oxidation of natural products found in foods, beverages, and tobacco products and their catalytic activities can also be modulated by components of the materials. The microsomal activation of aflatoxin B1 to the exo-8,9-epoxide is stimulated by flavone and 7,8-benzoflavone, and attenuated by the flavonoid naringenin, a major component of grapefruit. P4502E1 has been demonstrated to play a potentially major role in the activation of a number of very low-molecular weight cancer suspects, including ethyl carbamate (urethan), which is present in alcoholic beverages and particularly stone brandies. The enzyme (P4502E1) is also known to be inducible by ethanol. Tobacco contains a large number of potential carcinogens. In human liver microsomes a significant role for P4501A2 can be demonstrated in the activation of cigarette smoke condensate. Some of the genotoxicity may be due to arylamines. P4501A2 is also inhibited by components of crude cigarette smoke condensate. The tobacco-specific nitrosamines are activated by a number of P450 enzymes. Of those known to be present in human liver, P4501A2, 2A6, and 2E1 can activate these nitrosamines to genotoxic products.
A genome-wide association study reveals 2 new susceptibility loci for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Heidi Schaarschmidt, David Ellinghaus, Elke Rodríguez, Anja Kretschmer, Hansjörg Baurecht, Simone Lipinski, Ulf Meyer-Hoffert, Jürgen Harder, Wolfgang Lieb, Natalija Novak, Regina Fölster-Holst, Jorge Esparza-Gordillo, Ingo Marenholz, Franz Ruschendorf, Norbert Hubner, Eva Reischl, Melanie Waldenberger, Christian Gieger, Thomas Illig, Michael Kabesch, Xue-Jun Zhang, Feng-Li Xiao, Young-Ae Lee, Andre Franke, Stephan Weidinger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Relationship of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism With Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jonathan H. van Tilburg, Cisca Wijmenga, Harm van Bakel, Leida Rozeman, Peter L. Pearson, Timon W. van Haeften
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Adrenergic receptor genes are candidate genes for obesity and type 2 diabetes because they regulate lipid mobilization. An association has been reported between the frequently occurring Gly27Gln polymorphism of the β2-adrenergic receptor (B2ADR) gene with obesity (1,2) and triglycerides (3) in nondiabetic subjects.

We studied 542 unrelated type 2 diabetic subjects to assess the possible relationship of the Glu27Gln polymorphism of the B2ADR gene with obesity, as well as with …
Mutagenic Cervical Mucus in Women With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: M. M. GUPTA, A. PARASHARI, A. SEHGAL, U. K. LUTHRA
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Mutagenic Cervical Mucus in Women With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Get access M. M. GUPTA, M. M. GUPTA * Division of VirologyNew Delhi-110002 India * Correspondence to: M. M. Gupta, D.Sc., Bharat Immunologicals and Biologicals Corp., Ltd., Department of Biotechnology, C. G. O. Complex, Lodhi Rd., New Delhi-110002, India. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. PARASHARI, A. PARASHARI Division of Immunology and VirologyNew Delhi-110002 India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. SEHGAL, A. SEHGAL Division of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsNew Delhi-110002 India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar USHA K. LUTHRA USHA K. LUTHRA Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology Indian Council of Medical Research Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew Delhi-110002 India 1 We thank Prof. B. N. Ames for providing Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98) and Dr. Veena Singh for collecting the cervical mucus for this study. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 3, 7 February 1990, Page 234, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.3.234 Published: 07 February 1990
President Receives Lasagna Report on Drug Approval
Authors: F. Antoine, C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

President Receives Lasagna Report on Drug Approval Get access Florence Antoine, Florence Antoine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 18, 19 September 1990, Pages 1450–1451, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.18.1450 Published: 19 September 1990
Induction by Lysophosphatidylcholine, a Major Phospholipid Component of Atherogenic Lipoproteins, of Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Migration
Authors: Masakazu Kohno, Koji Yokokawa, Kenichi Yasunari, Mieko Minami, Hiroaki Kano, Takao Hanehira, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The objectives of the present study were (1) to determine whether lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), a prominent component of oxidatively modified LDL, induces migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and, if so, to clarify the mechanism, and (2) to investigate the possible interactions of lyso-PC and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, endothelin- (ET-1), adrenomedullin (AM), or vitamin E on SMC migration by the Boyden's chamber method.Lyso-PC induced SMC migration in a concentration-dependent manner between 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-5) mol/L. By contrast, phosphatidylcholine was without significant activity, and lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylserine were much less effective than lyso-PC. Lyso-PC increased basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) production in a concentration-dependent manner between 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-5) mol/L in these cells. Furthermore, lyso-PC-induced SMC migration was inhibited by neutralizing antibody to bFGF but not by neutralizing antibody to transforming growth factor-beta1. Lyso-PC-induced migration was significantly enhanced by PDGF-BB or ET-1 but was clearly inhibited by human AM and vitamin E.These results indicate that (1) lyso-PC induces human coronary artery SMC migration at least in part through release of endogenous bFGF and (2) this lyso-PC-induced migration can be further induced by PDGF-BB and ET-1 and can be inhibited by human AM and vitamin E. Lyso-PC may recruit medial SMCs during the process of coronary atherosclerosis in part by releasing bFGF in concert with PDGF-BB or ET-1 in vascular tissues. This lyso-PC-induced SMC migration may be suppressed by AM and vitamin E under certain pathological conditions.
726. Clinical Trial of Recombinant Adenovirus-p53 (Gendicine) Combined with Radiotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Shanwen Zhang, Shaowen Xiao, Yan Sun, Changqing Liu, Xing Su, Dongming Li, Gang Xu, Guangying Zhu, Bo Xu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The study was to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of recombinant adenovirus-p53 (Adp53, trademarked as Gendicine) combined with radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. A controlled clinical trial on Gendicine combined with radiotherapy, that is, gene therapy + radiotherapy (GTRT), was conducted in 24 patients, and 25 patients treated with radiotherapy alone (RT) formed the control group. In the GTRT group, Gendicine 1x1012 virus particle (vp) was intratumorally injected once a week over to eight weeks, and concurrent irradiation was given. For both groups, the conventional fractionation 2Gy/day, five fractions a week, with a total dose of 70Gy in 35 fractions were given to either primary tumor or neck lymph node. Patients were monitored for adverse event and serum anti-adenoviral antibody, and tumors were monitored for response. A comparative study was performed between both groups on the immediate response rate by CT at the end of 4th week, 7th week and 2 months after the treatment. The median follow-up interval of surviving patients was 34.5 months (24 45 months). Wild-type p53 gene therapy enhanced significantly radiotherapy efficacy by 1.59 times in patients with NPC at 4- week time point. Two months after the treatment complete response rate of GTRT group was 2.1 times that of RT group (62.5% v.s. 29.6%). The 3-year overall survival rate of GTRT group was 14.4% higher than that of GT group. No dose-limiting toxicity and adverse events were noted, except for transient fever after Gendicine administration. Intratumoral injection with Gendicine was safe and effective for patients with NPC.
Abstract 4736: N-myc downstream regulated gene 1: A novel mediator of hypoxia-driven chemoresistance in glioblastoma
Authors: Jonas Blaes, Markus Weiler, Felix Sahm, Philipp-Niclas Pfenning, Stefan Pusch, Manfred Jugold, Tore Kempf, Uwe Warnken, Michael Weller, Martina Schnölzer, Christian Hartmann, Andreas von Deimling, Wolfgang Wick
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Like other solid tumors, glioblastomas (GB) feature vast hypoxic areas that are thought to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis and even drug resistance and hence facilitate an aggressive growth and recurrence after treatment. Elucidation of hypoxia-signalling and identification of the major regulators of hypoxia-dependent chemoprotection seems logical for the optimization of current treatment regimens. Using comparative 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, we here identify N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) as upregulated by chronic sublethal hypoxia in GB cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of human astrocytoma specimens shows a marked increase in expression from WHO °II to °IV and a preferential perinecrotic localization of NDRG1 in GB. In vitro, besides the hypoxia-driven induction of NDRG1, which is mediated by Hif1α and Hif2α, NDRG1 is also induced by irradiation. NDRG1 limits glioma cell invasiveness in vitro and reduces proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore NDRG1 acts antiangiogenic with reduced endothelial cell migration and sprouting, and interferes with the expression of multiple angiogenesis-related signalling molecules. Most interestingly NDRG1 protects from temozolomide (TMZ)-induced G2/M-arrest and subsequent reduction of tumor cell proliferation. Analyzing pairs of GB tissue samples of relapsed glioblastoma patients reveals a dramatic increase of NDRG1-positive cells suggesting a treatment-related selection for NDRG1 expressing populations and a potential role for NDRG1 in the recurrence of GB. In line with these findings, quantifying the NDRG1 status in tissue specimens of the UKT05 GB trial, which looked at a dose-intensified TMZ therapy plus standard radiotherapy, reveals a negative correlation between NDRG1 status and overall survival. In the present work we identify hypoxia-driven NDRG1 as a modulator of tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and as a novel mediator of chemoresistance towards TMZ in GB. Our findings shed light on the role of hypoxia in adaption to chemotherapeutic treatment and introduce NDRG1 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4736. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4736
1128-119 Coronary flow velocity reserve and asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takayuki Kawata, Masao Daimon, Rei Hasegawa, Tomohiko Toyoda, Tai Sekine, Sachiko Honjyo, Kyouhei Yamamoto, Daigaku Uchida, Toshiharu Himi, Katsuya Yoshida, Issei Komuro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Nigel Frederick Draisey Cooper
Authors: M. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Nigel Frederick Draisey Nigel went to school, established his Practice and spent his retirement all within five miles of where he was born in Sutton Coldfield. He was very much a “local lad” who devoted his career to serving his local population. 

Yet his early life almost took a very different and distant path. After the onset of the second world war he was enrolled as an evacuee under the children’s overseas reception board project and was moved to a blitz ridden Liverpool to await passage to New …
Abstract P3-11-14: Comparison of Breast Cancer Management at the Extremes of Age — A Single Centre Study
Authors: M Dordea, R Jones, A Pujol Nicolas, S Sar, S Batson, A Fetherston, P Truran, J Solomon, O. Iwuchukwu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Literature describes age-dependent variations in breast cancer treatment, showing that older women are less likely to receive standard treatment than younger women. Statistically the elderly population is at highest risk of suffering from breast cancer. There is a renewed interest in discussing the issues around the management of breast cancer in the elderly age group, including a feeling of leniency or lack of aggressiveness in the overall management of such patients. Methods: We undertook a retrospective analysis of 386 consecutive presentations of symptomatic breast cancer from 1998 to 2005. Patient demographics, tumour, treatment and outcome data were recorded. A cut off of &amp;lt;40 and &amp;gt;75 years of age was set to define our groups. Results: 69 cases of breast cancer in the ‘young’ age group and 255 cases of breast cancer in the ‘old’ age group were recorded. The younger patients had significantly more high-grade (BM Grade 3) tumours than their older counterparts (50.7 vs 26.6%, P&amp;lt;0.001) and a higher proportion of invasive ductal carcinomas (86.8 vs 73.1%, p=0.006). There were no significant differences in tumour size and node positivity between the two groups. Discussion: Our results show that for similar tumour sizes and nodal status the elderly age group receives less surgical and adjuvant therapy. Despite under management of the ‘old group’ our ‘young’ group suffers from higher and earlier recurrence. The overall disease related mortality is similar in both groups, however significantly worse if the ‘young’ group is compared with the ‘old’ group receiving surgical intervention. We suggest that young breast cancer patients have a worse overall prognosis when compared to surgically fit elderly counterparts and that perceived gaps in management could be explained by lack of physiological reserve in the elderly (sister paper). Use of geriatric assessment tools in a multidisciplinary setting may help in targeting the surgically fit population and avoid under treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-11-14.
Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Carcinoma: Results of a Retrospective Analysis of 308 Cases
Authors: T. Takekoshi, Y. Baba, H. Ota, Y. Kato, A. Yanagisawa, K. Takagi, Y. Noguchi
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

The purpose of this study was to define the indications and limitations of endoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric carcinoma (EGC). Over the 15 year period from 1978 to 1992, 308 early cancers were resected endoscopically either through a single operative intervention or in stages. Of 266 lesions resected in a single step, 222 (85 %) entered remission. Forty-four cases had either residual or recurrent lesions. The size, histology and location affected the curability; 89 % of Type IIa lesions less than 2 cm were resected curatively, while only 50 % of those larger than 2 cm were resected completely. In Type IIc, 83 % of lesions less than 1 cm and 57 % of those greater than 1 cm were excised completely by ER. In Type IIc, curative ER was possible in 85 % of differentiated carcinomas and 43 % of undifferentiated carcinomas. The rate of incomplete resection was higher for lesions of the anterior or posterior wall, than for those of the lesser curvature. Semiserial sections of the resected specimens made at 2 mm intervals, indicated that, if the positive margin was confined to one section, cure may be possible by the burning effect. Follow-up showed that there was no single case undergoing endoscopic resection which subsequently died of gastric carcinoma. The lesions that are suitable for ER comprise Type IIa EGC of less than 2 cm in diameter, and Type IIc differentiated adenocarcinoma of less than 1 cm. Lesions in which the entire margin is difficult to observe by front-view endoscopy should be smaller than defined by the above criteria.
Radiology of the Newborn and Young Infant
Authors: Jeremiah Kelleher
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This, the second edition of Dr Swischuk's textbook of<i>Radiology in the Newborn and Young Infant</i>, appears seven years after the first and, while it contains most of the material first seen in 1973, it has been changed and expanded to reflect the vast explosion in medical knowledge and imaging techniques since that time. This edition contains many new illustrations, and several sections have been greatly expanded, including those on hyaline membrane disease, necrotising enterocolitis, ureteric reflux, and intracranial hemorrhage. Of the nine chapters, those on the respiratory system and the alimentary tract are the largest, occupying almost 200 pages each. There are approximately 100 pages devoted to the cardiovascular system, genitourinary tract, skeleton, and cranium, with shorter sections on the upper airway and the spine. Finally, there is a short but useful chapter on fetal and perinatal radiology. The exceptionally extensive bibliography is up to date, with references from
Advances in the Treatment of Amyloidosis
Authors: S. Vincent Rajkumar, Morie A. Gertz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

All forms of amyloidosis are characterized by the deposition of extracellular fibrils in various tissues. These fibrils are the result of the misfolding of a protein from its normal α-helical configuration into a β-pleated sheet. Amyloid fibrils are rigid, linear, and nonbranching and measure approximately 7.5 to 10 nm in width.1 The structure of the β-pleated sheet allows the binding of Congo red stain, which emits a characteristic apple-green birefringence under polarized light. The disease is often devastating, and options for treatment are limited.There are distinct types of amyloidosis, which are classified according to the protein composition of the . . .