tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of gastric fundal varices associated with a gastrorenal shunt Reply
Authors: A MATSUMOTO
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—We read with great interest the article by Jalan and colleagues (Gut2000;46:578–81[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]) on the clinical position of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPSS). This procedure is a useful method of reducing portal pressure by creating a portosystemic shunt in the liver. They suggested that TIPSS can be a successful treatment for bleeding gastric fundal varices (FV) unresponsive to pharmacological and endoscopic therapy. However, Sanyal et al reported that TIPSS was ineffective for FV associated with a large gastrorenal shunt, even when the hepatic venous pressure gradient falls below the critical bleeding threshold of 12 mm Hg.1 The behaviour of varices at different sites seems to differ.2 Therefore, FV should be treated on the basis of their haemodynamics. FV arise from the dilation of short or posterior gastric veins and are frequently associated with a large gastrorenal shunt that decompresses the portal system.3 Balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) is a novel radiological treatment for FV that was developed by Kanagawa and colleagues.4 This procedure involves insertion of a balloon catheter into a gastrorenal shunt via the femoral or internal jugular vein. It is similar … Dr R Jalan.r.jalan{at}ucl.ac.uk [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGastroenterology%26rft.stitle%253DGastroenterology%26rft.aulast%253DSanyal%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%26rft.volume%253D112%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D889%26rft.epage%253D898%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Bnatural%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Bportal%2Bhypertension%2Bafter%2Btransjugular%2Bintrahepatic%2Bportosystemic%2Bshunts%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1053%252Fgast.1997.v112.pm9041251%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9041251%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1053/gast.1997.v112.pm9041251&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=9041251&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F48%2F3%2F440.2.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1997WL74300030&link_type=ISI
Clinical safety of Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 (FAHF-2) and inhibitory effect on basophils from patients with food allergy: Extended phase I study
Authors: Sangita P. Patil, Julie Wang, Ying Song, Sally Noone, Nan Yang, Sylvan Wallenstein, Hugh A. Sampson, Xiu-Min Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Resistance to blood flow in microvessels in vivo.
Authors: A R Pries, T W Secomb, T Gessner, M B Sperandio, J F Gross, P Gaehtgens
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Resistance to blood flow through peripheral vascular beds strongly influences cardiovascular function and transport to tissue. For a given vascular architecture, flow resistance is determined by the rheological behavior of blood flowing through microvessels. A new approach for calculating the contribution of blood rheology to microvascular flow resistance is presented. Morphology (diameter and length), flow velocity, hematocrit, and topological position were determined for all vessel segments (up to 913) of terminal microcirculatory networks in the rat mesentery by intravital microscopy. Flow velocity and hematocrit were also predicted from mathematical flow simulations, in which the assumed dependence of flow resistance on diameter, hematocrit, and shear rate was optimized to minimize the deviation between measured and predicted values. For microvessels with diameters below approximately 40 microns, the resulting flow resistances are markedly higher and show a stronger dependence on hematocrit than previously estimated from measurements of blood flow in narrow glass tubes. For example, flow resistance in 10-microns microvessels at normal hematocrit is found to exceed that of a corresponding glass tube by a factor of approximately 4. In separate experiments, flow resistance of microvascular networks was estimated from direct measurements of total pressure drop and volume flow, at systemic hematocrits intentionally varied from 0.08 to 0.68. The results agree closely with predictions based on the above-optimized resistance but not with predictions based on glass-tube data. The unexpectedly high flow resistance in small microvessels may be related to interactions between blood components and the inner vessel surface that do not occur in smooth-walled tubes.
Moving Diabetes Care from Science to Practice: The Evolution of the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program
Authors: Dara Murphy, Tom Chapel, Cynthia Clark
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

The National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program has a dynamic and evolving scientific foundation. This article describes this program and how seminal research studies provide an impetus for its public health policy and programs. The charge and challenges of integrating science into past, current, and future program designs are detailed, as are the program's accomplishments. Areas requiring new science are explored, including better research to translate new findings into clinical and public health practice and models to evaluate the effect of public health on improved outcomes. The epidemic of diabetes and its increasing burden on public health demands a better understanding of existing science and its limitations and informed public dialogue and policy responses.
Reciprocal Relationships Between Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Jeong-a Kim, Monica Montagnani, Kwang Kon Koh, Michael J. Quon
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Endothelial dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease, which are also characterized by insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a hallmark of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, which are also characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Metabolic actions of insulin to promote glucose disposal are augmented by vascular actions of insulin in endothelium to stimulate production of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Indeed, NO-dependent increases in blood flow to skeletal muscle account for 25% to 40% of the increase in glucose uptake in response to insulin stimulation. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–dependent insulin-signaling pathways in endothelium related to production of NO share striking similarities with metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle that promote glucose uptake. Other distinct nonmetabolic branches of insulin-signaling pathways regulate secretion of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 in endothelium. Metabolic insulin resistance is characterized by pathway-specific impairment in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–dependent signaling, which in endothelium may cause imbalance between production of NO and secretion of endothelin-1, leading to decreased blood flow, which worsens insulin resistance. Therapeutic interventions in animal models and human studies have demonstrated that improving endothelial function ameliorates insulin resistance, whereas improving insulin sensitivity ameliorates endothelial dysfunction. Taken together, cellular, physiological, clinical, and epidemiological studies strongly support a reciprocal relationship between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance that helps to link cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In the present review, we discuss pathophysiological mechanisms, including inflammatory processes, that couple endothelial dysfunction with insulin resistance and emphasize important therapeutic implications.
Deregulated Activity of Akt in Epithelial Basal Cells Induces Spontaneous Tumors and Heightened Sensitivity to Skin Carcinogenesis
Authors: Carmen Segrelles, Jerry Lu, Brian Hammann, Mirentxu Santos, Marta Moral, José Luis Cascallana, M. Fernanda Lara, Okkyung Rho, Steve Carbajal, Jeanine Traag, Linda Beltrán, Ana Belén Martínez-Cruz, Ramón García-Escudero, Corina Lorz, Sergio Ruiz, Ana Bravo, Jesús M. Paramio, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Aberrant activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/PTEN/Akt pathway, leading to increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, has been implicated in several human pathologies including cancer. Our previous data have shown that Akt-mediated signaling is an essential mediator in the mouse skin carcinogenesis system during both the tumor promotion and progression stages. In addition, overexpression of Akt is also able to transform keratinocytes through transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. Here, we report the consequences of the increased expression of Akt1 (wtAkt) or constitutively active Akt1 (myrAkt) in the basal layer of stratified epithelia using the bovine keratin K5 promoter. These mice display alterations in epidermal proliferation and differentiation. In addition, transgenic mice with the highest levels of Akt expression developed spontaneous epithelial tumors in multiple organs with age. Furthermore, both wtAkt and myrAkt transgenic lines displayed heightened sensitivity to the epidermal proliferative effects of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and heightened sensitivity to two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Finally, enhanced susceptibility to two-stage carcinogenesis correlated with a more sustained proliferative response following treatment with TPA as well as sustained alterations in Akt downstream signaling pathways and elevations in cell cycle regulatory proteins. Collectively, the data provide direct support for an important role for Akt signaling in epithelial carcinogenesis in vivo, especially during the tumor promotion stage.
Polymorphisms of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene and manganese superoxide dismutase gene in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Chikako Namikawa, Zhang Shu-Ping, John Raynor Vyselaar, Yasuko Nozaki, Yoshihisa Nemoto, Masafumi Ono, Naoaki Akisawa, Toshiji Saibara, Makoto Hiroi, Hideaki Enzan, Saburo Onishi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
X Inactivation, Female Mosaicism, and Sex Differences in Renal Diseases
Authors: Barbara R. Migeon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

A good deal of sex differences in kidney disease is attributable to sex differences in the function of genes on the X chromosome. Males are uniquely vulnerable to mutations in their single copy of X-linked genes, whereas females are often mosaic, having a mixture of cells expressing different sets of X-linked genes. This cellular mosaicism created by X inactivation in females is most often advantageous, protecting carriers of X-linked mutations from the severe clinical manifestations seen in males. Even subtle differences in expression of many of the 1100 X-linked genes may contribute to sex differences in the clinical expression of renal diseases.
Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Marc GH Besselink, Hjalmar C van Santvoort, Erik Buskens, Marja A Boermeester, Harry van Goor, Harro M Timmerman, Vincent B Nieuwenhuijs, Thomas L Bollen, Bert van Ramshorst, Ben JM Witteman, Camiel Rosman, Rutger J Ploeg, Menno A Brink, Alexander FM Schaapherder, Cornelis HC Dejong, Peter J Wahab, Cees JHM van Laarhoven, Erwin van der Harst, Casper HJ van Eijck, Miguel A Cuesta, Louis MA Akkermans, Hein G Gooszen
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Influence of Atrial Systole on Effective Ventricular Stroke Volume
Authors: JERE H. MITCHELL, DWARKA N. GUPTA, ROBERT M. PAYNE
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

The influence of atrial systole on forward or effective ventricular stroke volume at different heart rates and at constant cardiac output was investigated in an open chest dog preparation. The procedure employed allowed a ventricular ejection preceded by an atrial systole to be followed by one which was not. A comparison was made between the effective ventricular stroke volumes of these two ejections. The observations support the view that atrial systole plays a significant role in determining effective ventricular stroke volume and that its influence is greater at higher heart rates when cardiac output is kept constant and stroke volume decreases. The data indicate further that the decrease in effective ventricular stroke volume is due to both a decreased ventricular filling and initial atrioventricular regurgitation.
Metastasis: new perspectives on an old problem
Authors: Sandra Kraljevic Pavelic, Mirela Sedic, Hrvojka Bosnjak, Sime Spaventi, Kresimir Pavelic
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Many hypotheses have been postulated to explain the intricate nature of the metastatic process, but none of them completely accounted for the actual biological and clinical observations. Consequently, metastasis still remains an open issue with only few metastasis-inducing proteins experimentally validated so far. Recently proposed novel metastatic model, where serial and parallel metastatic processes are adequately integrated, might help to bridge the current gap between experimental results and clinical observations. In addition, the identification, isolation and molecular characterization of cancer stem cells, a population of the cells within the tumour mass able to proliferate, self-renew and induce tumorigenesis, will shed new light on the complex molecular events mediating metastasis, invasion and resistance to therapy. Understanding the molecular basis of these tumour characteristics will usher in a new age of individualized cancer therapy. In this review article, we will provide a current overview of molecular mechanisms underpinning metastasis, and discuss recent findings in this field obtained by global molecular profiling strategies such as proteomics.
Roles of Epidermal Growth Factor Family in the Regulation of Postnatal Somatic Growth
Authors: Cory J. Xian
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2007)

Ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), known to be important for supporting tissue development particularly in the gut and brain, have also been implicated in regulating postnatal somatic growth. Although optimal levels of both milk-borne and endogenous EGF-R ligands are important for supporting postnatal somatic growth through regulating gastrointestinal growth and maturation, supraphysiological levels of EGF-R ligands can cause retarded and disproportionate growth and alter body composition because they can increase growth of epithelial tissues but decrease masses of muscle, fat, and bone. Apart from their indirect roles in influencing growth, possibly via regulating levels of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins, EGF-R ligands can regulate bone growth and modeling directly because they can enhance proliferation but suppress maturation of growth plate chondrocytes (for building a calcified cartilage scaffold for bone deposition), stimulate proliferation but inhibit differentiation of osteoblasts (for depositing bone matrix), and promote formation and function of osteoclasts (for resorption of calcified cartilage or bone). In addition, EGF-like ligands, particularly amphiregulin, can be strongly regulated by PTH, an important regulatory factor in bone modeling and remodeling. Finally, EGF-R ligands can regulate bone homeostasis by regulating a pool of progenitor cells in the bone marrow through promoting proliferation but suppressing differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
Image Guided Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Theranostics
Authors: Hong Ding, Fang Wu
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Image guided technique is playing an increasingly important role in the investigation of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of drugs or drug delivery systems in various diseases, especially cancers. Besides anatomical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), molecular imaging strategy including optical imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) will facilitate the localization and quantization of radioisotope or optical probe labeled nanoparticle delivery systems in the category of theranostics. The quantitative measurement of the bio-distribution and pharmacokinetics of theranostics in the fields of new drug/probe development, diagnosis and treatment process monitoring as well as tracking the brain-blood-barrier (BBB) breaking through by high sensitive imaging method, and the applications of the representative imaging modalities are summarized in this review.
Gender differences in use of stress testing and coronary heart disease mortality: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Veronique L Roger, Steven J Jacobsen, Patricia A Pellikka, Todd D Miller, Kent R Bailey, Bernard J Gersh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)

We sought to examine the utilization of exercise stress testing in relation to age and gender in a population-based setting.The utilization of noninvasive procedures has been shown to be associated with the subsequent use of invasive procedures. Yet, there are no population-based data on the utilization of stress testing; in particular, although gender differences in the use of invasive procedures have been reported, the use of noninvasive procedures has not been examined in relation to gender.In Olmsted County, Minnesota, passive surveillance of the medical care of the community is provided through the Rochester Epidemiology Project. A population-based cohort of Olmsted County residents undergoing exercise tests was identified. The medical records of residents with prevalent and incident exercise tests in 1987 and 1988 were reviewed. For persons with an initial test (incidence cohort), data on clinical presentation, test indications and results were abstracted. Stress test utilization rates were calculated, and crude rates were directly adjusted to the age distribution of the 1980 U.S. population. To help interpret patterns of use at the population level, coronary heart disease mortality rates (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, codes 410 to 414) were calculated (crude and directly adjusted to the overall age distribution of the 1980 U.S. population) and used as an indicator of coronary disease burden.A total of 2,624 tests were performed. The crude utilization rate (per 100,000) was 1,888 for men and 703 for women (rate ratio for men over women 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5 to 2.9); it remained significantly higher in men across all age strata. The crude incidence rate (per 100,000) of initial stress tests was 1,112 for men and 517 for women (rate ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.9 to 2.4). For both men and women, the incidence increased with age; however, incidence remained lower in women in all age strata. At the time that they underwent an initial test, women were more symptomatic and had poorer exercise performance than men. The rate ratio of men over women for coronary heart disease mortality was 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.2). The age-adjusted rate ratios for stress test utilization were 2.8 (95% CI 2.5 to 3.0), and that for coronary heart disease mortality was 1.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.2).These population-based data show that during the study period, the utilization of stress testing in Olmsted County was lower in women than in men. Women in the incidence cohort were older and more symptomatic and had poorer exercise performance than men. Such differences should be considered when examining the utilization of subsequent invasive procedures according to gender.
Successful treatment of dissecting aortic aneurysm due to giant cell arteritis.
Authors: R S Salisbury, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

A 72-year-old women with polymyalgia rheumatica clinically controlled on maintenance steroid therapy presented with symptoms of chest pain and numbness in the right arm. A diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm was confirmed at thoracotomy and the aorta was successfully resected. Histology revealed active giant cell aortitis. We suggest that a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with treated temporal arteritis does not preclude large vessel involvement.
Functional residual capacity measurements in healthy infants: ultrasonic flow meter<i>versus</i>a mass spectrometer
Authors: J.J. Pillow, H. Ljungberg, G. Hülskamp, J. Stocks
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Accurate, reproducible and portable bedside monitoring of lung volume could potentially facilitate the early recognition of both under and overinflation of the lungs in ventilated and nonventilated subjects. This study asked whether a prototype portable ultrasonic flow meter provided valid and reliable measurements of functional residual capacity (FRCUS) when compared to those obtained using a mass spectrometer (FRCMS) in nonventilated healthy infants. Paired, randomised measurements of FRCMS and FRCUS were obtained using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) multiple-breath washout technique in 23 healthy infants with a median (range) postnatal age of 34.6 (1.3-92.6) weeks and weight of 8.3 (3.9-11.7) kg. FRCUS was on average 5.7%, (95% CI: 1.0-10.4%) less than FRCMS equating to a difference of approximately 1 mL x kg(-1). The 95% limits of agreement (LA) between the two techniques were relatively wide (95% LA: -17.5% to 29%), although in keeping with previously reported within-patient variability for lung volume measurements. There was no significant difference between the within subject coefficient of variation for FRCMS (3.7%) and FRCUS (5.2%). The ultrasonic flow meter used in this study provides repeatable measurements of functional residual capacity in spontaneously breathing healthy infants that approximate those obtained during mass spectrometry.
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and clinical management of Erdheim-Chester disease
Authors: Eli L. Diamond, Lorenzo Dagna, David M. Hyman, Giulio Cavalli, Filip Janku, Juvianee Estrada-Veras, Marina Ferrarini, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Mark L. Heaney, Paul J. Scheel, Nancy K. Feeley, Elisabetta Ferrero, Kenneth L. McClain, Augusto Vaglio, Thomas Colby, Laurent Arnaud, Julien Haroche
Journal: Blood (2014)
Munchausen's syndrome simulating reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Authors: J Rodriguez-Moreno, J M Ruiz-Martin, L Mateo-Soria, A Rozadilla, D Roig-Escofet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A 15 year old girl who had pain, oedema of her left hand, and fever of four months9 duration is described. Marked demineralisation of her hand was shown by radiography, and increased articular uptake by technetium-99m bone scan. All these changes were indistinguishable from reflex sympathetic dystrophy. After two admissions to hospital and multiple explorations we discovered that she had induced her symptoms herself and a diagnosis of Munchausen9s syndrome was made. As far as we know this presentation has not been previously reported and might help to explain the physiopathology of some signs of reflex sympathetic dystrophy.