tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of arylamine <i>N</i>-acetyltransferase in human intestine
Authors: D Hickman, J Pope, S D Patil, G Fakis, V Smelt, L A Stanley, M Payton, J D Unadkat, E Sim
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Arylamine N -acetyltransferases in humans (NAT1 and NAT2) catalyse the acetylation of arylamines including food derived heterocyclic arylamine carcinogens. Other substrates include the sulphonamide 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is an NAT1 specific substrate; N -acetylation of 5-ASA is a major route of metabolism. NAT1 and NAT2 are both polymorphic. Aims —To investigate NAT expression in apparently healthy human intestines in order to understand the possible role of NAT in colorectal cancer and in the therapeutic response to 5-ASA. Methods —The intestines of four organ donors were divided into eight sections. DNA was prepared for genotyping NAT1 and NAT2 and enzymic activities of NAT1 and NAT2 were determined in cytosols prepared from each section. Tissue was fixed for immunohistochemistry with specific NAT antibodies. Western blotting was carried out on all samples of cytosol and on homogenates of separated muscle and villi after microdissection. Results —NAT1 activity of all cytosols was greater than NAT2 activity. NAT1 and NAT2 activities correlated with the genotypes of NAT1 and NAT2 and with the levels of NAT1 staining determined by western blotting. The ratio of NAT1:NAT2 activities showed interindividual variations from 2 to 70. NAT1 antigenic activity was greater in villi than in muscle. NAT1 was detected along the length of the villi in the small intestine. In colon samples there was less NAT1 at the base of the crypts with intense staining at the tips. Conclusions —The interindividual variation in NAT1 and NAT2 in the colon could affect how individuals respond to exposure to specific NAT substrates including carcinogens and 5-ASA.
Genetic Variants and Common Diseases — Better Late Than Never
Authors: Stephen O'Rahilly, Nicholas J. Wareham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Our understanding of the molecular basis for monogenic disorders has made remarkable progress during the past 30 years, leading to new insights into disease mechanisms, a huge increase in the range of prenatal and presymptomatic diagnostic tests, and although still uncommon, some mechanism-based therapies for genetic diseases. However, for most diseases, the nature of an inherited predisposition is more complex. If the genetic variants underlying complex disease could be identified, they too might bring clinical benefits. Such progress might occur, for example, through the identification of new disease pathways that could be exploited by new pharmacotherapy or by more effective . . .
C-reactive protein as predictor of death in end-stage diabetic nephropathy: Role of peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Carsten A. Boger, Angela Gotz, Mike Stubanus, Bernhard Banas, Martina Deinzer, Bernd Kruger, Stephan R. Holmer, Gerd Schmitz, Gunter A.J. Riegger, Bernhard K. Kramer
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Comment on Brethauer et al. Bariatric Surgery Improves the Metabolic Profile of Morbidly Obese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014;37:e51–e52
Authors: Roeland J.W. Middelbeek, Florence M. Brown
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We read the article of Brethauer et al. (1) with great interest. Gastric bypass surgery in type 1 diabetes has previously not been well studied except for a small number of case reports. We recently reported on the effects of gastric bypass surgery on severely obese females with type 1 diabetes during short-term follow-up (2 …
Long-Term Recording of Cardiac Arrhythmias With an Implantable Cardiac Monitor in Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Poul Erik Bloch Thomsen, Christian Jons, M.J. Pekka Raatikainen, Rikke Moerch Joergensen, Juha Hartikainen, Vesa Virtanen, J. Boland, Olli Anttonen, Uffe Jakob Gang, Nis Hoest, Lucas V.A. Boersma, Eivin S. Platou, Daniel Becker, Marc D. Messier, Heikki V. Huikuri
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Knowledge about the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction has been limited by the lack of traditional ECG recording systems to document and confirm asymptomatic and symptomatic arrhythmias. The Cardiac Arrhythmias and Risk Stratification After Myocardial Infarction (CARISMA) trial was designed to study the incidence and prognostic significance of arrhythmias documented by an implantable cardiac monitor among patients with acute myocardial infarction and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods and Results— A total of 1393 of 5869 patients (24%) screened in the acute phase (3 to 21 days) of an acute myocardial infarction had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%. After exclusions, 297 patients (21%) (mean±SD age, 64.0±11.0 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 31±7%) received an implantable cardiac monitor within 11±5 days of the acute myocardial infarction and were followed up every 3 months for an average of 1.9±0.5 years. Predefined bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias were recorded in 137 patients (46%); 86% of these were asymptomatic. The implantable cardiac monitor documented a 28% incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular response (≥125 bpm), a 13% incidence of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (≥16 beats), a 10% incidence of high-degree atrioventricular block (≤30 bpm lasting ≥8 seconds), a 7% incidence of sinus bradycardia (≤30 bpm lasting ≥8 seconds), a 5% incidence of sinus arrest (≥5 seconds), a 3% incidence of sustained ventricular tachycardia, and a 3% incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Cox regression analysis with time-dependent covariates revealed that high-degree atrioventricular block was the most powerful predictor of cardiac death (hazard ratio, 6.75; 95% confidence interval, 2.55 to 17.84; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— This is the first study to report on long-term cardiac arrhythmias recorded by an implantable loop recorder in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% after myocardial infarction. Clinically significant bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias were documented in a substantial proportion of patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction. Intermittent high-degree atrioventricular block was associated with a very high risk of cardiac death. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov , Unique identifier: NCT00145119.
Asylum seekers and refugees in Britain: The health of survivors of torture and organised violence
Authors: A. Burnett
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This is the last in a series of three articles 

This final article in the series describes how torture and organised violence may affect the health of survivors. A definition of torture, often used for asylum purposes, is shown in the box. It should be noted, however, that not all those who employ torture are acting in an official capacity.

#### United Nations' definition of torture1

Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as:

obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession,

punishing him for an act that he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed,

or intimidating or coercing him or a third person,

or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind,

when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of a public official acting in an official capacity.

#### Summary points

Torture and organised violence are still prevalent in many countries and have previously been experienced by some refugees in the United Kingdom

The problems of survivors of torture and organised violence are not fully appreciated within the health services

Survivors of torture may not volunteer their history due to feelings of guilt, shame, or mistrust; consideration must be given to building a relationship of trust

Much can be done by health workers to alleviate the physical and psychological difficulties that face survivors

Organised violence is defined as violence which has a political motive. Survivors of torture or organised violence have often been ill treated by government agents such as the army, police, or security forces or other groups perpetrating organised violence, including rebel groups. States have a duty to prevent, investigate, and prosecute cases of torture, but if those who are supposed to do this are themselves the …
Acquired ichthyosis associated with dermatomyositis in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: M. Inuzuka, K. Tomita, Y. Tokura, M. Takigawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Acquired ichthyosis associated with dermatomyositis in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma Get access M. Inuzuka, M. Inuzuka Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4–27–1 Kitaando, Shizuoka 420–0881, Japan *Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Correspondence: Manabu Inuzuka, M.D.E‐mail: fp4m‐inzk@asahi‐net.or.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tomita, K. Tomita Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4–27–1 Kitaando, Shizuoka 420–0881, Japan *Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Correspondence: Manabu Inuzuka, M.D.E‐mail: fp4m‐inzk@asahi‐net.or.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Tokura, Y. Tokura Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4–27–1 Kitaando, Shizuoka 420–0881, Japan *Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Correspondence: Manabu Inuzuka, M.D.E‐mail: fp4m‐inzk@asahi‐net.or.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Takigawa M. Takigawa Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4–27–1 Kitaando, Shizuoka 420–0881, Japan *Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Correspondence: Manabu Inuzuka, M.D.E‐mail: fp4m‐inzk@asahi‐net.or.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 416–417, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04040.x Published: 01 February 2001
Death in an Untenured Position
Authors: Marlys Hearst Witte
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In a contemporary mystery thriller,<sup>1</sup>the staid male professoriate at Harvard is visibly ruffled as the feminist sleuth pursues the perpetrator of "a crime of an academic nature"—the ostracism, agony, and unseemly "death in a tenured position" of the first female professor of English. The report of Wallis and her colleagues in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2350) suggests that in contrast to this fictional corpus delicti, the "real-life" woman faculty member in medicine as in English is far more likely to be terminated, albeit less dramatically, in an<i>un</i>tenured position. Are women physicians by virtue of their sex at greater risk to wind up in the graveyard of medical academe? A politically less charged question, rather than left buried, might long since have been resolved. Suppose for a moment the subjects were rats and the end point death after an inoculum of virulent microorganisms. Corpse counts
ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA AND DERMATITIS VENENATALIKE LESIONS DUE TO THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF SULFATHIAZOLE
Authors: Charles C. Dennie
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Attention has been called to the fact that the sulfonamide group has produced cutaneous and mucous membrane reactions of different varieties. I wish to call attention to two phenomena observed in patients after the administration of small doses of sulfathiazole. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> A man aged 42 who was otherwise sound and healthy suffered from pustular lesions on the hands and feet which were due to ringworm fungous infection plus secondary contamination with hemolytic staphylococci. He was given 12 tablets of sulfathiazole, which he took in three days. A week later he was given another 12 tablets, to be taken over Sunday and Monday. He took all but 3 tablets. He then waited two weeks and started to take the remaining 3 tablets of sulfathiazole. About thirty minutes after taking the first of the 3 tablets his tongue began to swell so rapidly that I was forced to go out to
Expression of functional T-cell markers and T-cell receptor Vbeta repertoire in endomyocardial biopsies from patients presenting with acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Michel Noutsias, Maria Rohde, Katrin Göldner, Andrea Block, Katja Blunert, Lara Hemaidan, Michael Hummel, Jan-Henrik Blohm, Dirk Lassner, Uwe Kühl, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Hans-Dieter Volk, Katja Kotsch
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Smoking and Women
Authors: Jonathan E. Fielding
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

An increasing number of women are becoming victims of their smoking habit. A broader cross-section of women, other than the very rich and the "indecent," began to smoke in the 1920s, and over the past 50 years tobacco advertising has linked smoking with women's emancipation and achievement of equality with men. The marketing efforts directed to women include special packaging for feminine appeal, "designer" cigarettes, and offering discounted women's products with the purchase of a particular brand of cigarettes. Sponsorship of sporting events coupled with sports themes in cigarette advertisements associates smoking with enhanced physical capacity--a deception. The marketing experts promote smoking as a way of remaining slim in a culture obsessed with thinness. The woman who smokes today is a heavier smoker, on average, with the percentage of women smoking more than 25 cigarettes/day almost doubling from 13% in 1965 to 23% in 1985. Women start smoking at younger and younger ages. 84% of women smokers who are now 28-37 years began to smoke before age 20 as compared with 42% of those now 58-67 years. Today more young women than young men smoke. In addition to the risk of lung cancer, women who smoke also have sex-specific risks, such as those pertaining to a women's reproductive organs and processes. When smoking is of long duration, it appears to increase the risks of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix and of invasive cervical cancer. An antiestrogen effect of smoking may provide the explanation for why smoking women reach menopause 1-2 years earlier than nonsmokers. The same mechanism, which has been supported by several case-control studies, may increase postmenopausal osteoporotic fractures, particularly among nonobese women. Possibly the worst consequences of smoking by women are its effects on reproduction and on children. Both a dose-response depressant effect of smoking on fetal development and birth weight have been confirmed. Smoking also reduces fertility, increases the rate of spontaneous abortion of chromosomally normal fetuses, and increases the incidence of abruptio placentae, placenta previa, bleeding during pregnancy, and premature rupture of the membranes. A growing body of evidence also suggests that smoking during pregnancy has longterm effects on children. Those organizations at work to promote the rights of women might consider devoting some attention to help women stop smoking.
Liquor Bilirubin Levels in Normal Pregnancy: A Reassessment of Early Prediction of Haemolytic Disease
Authors: J. Murray, D. L. Norrie, C. R. J Ruthven
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A comparison was made between chemically and spectrophotometrically determined concentrations of total bile pigment in the liquor amnii. For the period 16 to 26 weeks' gestation the upper limit of normal bile pigment to protein ratio was found to be 0.4. Levels above this would be required as an indication for intrauterine transfusion. In 110 cases of isoimmunization of pregnancy these criteria were applied in the diagnosis of severity of the condition. The ratio of the bile pigment to protein was used rather than a simple bile pigment measurement, and found to be valuable.Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that fallacious high bilirubin readings may arise by using whatever method, particularly owing to bilirubin and other breakdown products of blood contaminating the liquor.
Expression and activity of mitogen activated protein kinases in human colorectal carcinoma
Authors: S Eggstein, M Franke, I Kutschka, G Manthey, B U von Specht, G Ruf, E H Farthmann
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a central role in the regulation of both cell growth and differentiation. They are involved in signal transduction of oncogenes and growth factors. The role of MAPK in colonic carcinoma is unknown. AIMS To establish whether the expression and activity of p42/44 MAPKs are altered in colorectal tumours as compared with normal mucosa. METHODS The expression and activity of p42/p44 MAPK were investigated in 22 colorectal carcinomas, four adenomas, and the corresponding normal colorectal mucosa by the use of western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and in vitro kinase assays. RESULTS After immunoprecipitation with an antibody specific for p42 MAPK, we found significant inactivation of p42 MAPK in colonic carcinomas as well as in adenomas, whereas most sample pairs showed only minor differences in p42 MAPK expression. Investigation of MAPK with an antibody capable of detecting both p42 and p44 MAPK showed a slight but significant decrease in p44 MAPK content in malignant tissues. With this antibody, only minor alterations in MAPK activity and no correlation with p42 MAPK activity were found. CONCLUSIONS Inactivation of p42 MAPK could be associated with colonic carcinogenesis.
Use of healthcare resources in the last six months of life
Authors: Jonathan S Skinner
Journal: BMJ (2004)

National Programme for Information Technology (NPfIT), has highlighted the lack of clinicians' engagement with this £6bn project.The advisory board represents a much needed injection of resources to NHS information technology systems, which could bring many benefits to care for patients and clinicians' working practices.The Wanless reports have emphasised the importance of information technology in the future of healthcare in the United Kingdom. 1 A national programme could avoid the problems around interoperability associated with past failures in NHS information technology systems.However, the secrecy surrounding the procurement phase of the programme has led to an increasing feeling of unease among clinician end users.Anxieties prevail about changes in working practices, usability of systems, training needs, and the possibility that political expediency will overshadow clinical needs.Aidan Halligan, the deputy chief medical officer, has been charged with ensuring clinical engagement with the programme. 2 The good news for the Department of Health comes from its survey, carried out by Medix, which shows that many doctors are enthusiastic about the potential of the national programme, with three quarters of respondents endorsing it as an important NHS priority. 3 Only 4% of respondents thought, however, that they had been adequately consulted.The recently announced new Front Line Support Academy aims to correct omissions at the leadership level.
An Atlas of Clinical Neurology
Authors: Robert E. McMasters
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This 376-page atlas is a compliation of over 800 clinical illustrations in large format, providing the reader with an unusual approach to clinical neurology. We are indeed privileged to be able to share in the author's vast experience, and the volume should be a welcome addition to general-medical as well as neurologic libraries. The book emphasizes bedside diagnosis by inspection but does not consider diagnostic technical procedures or other details of examination. The text begins with a chapter entitled "The Evolution of Clinical Neurology," which reviews the historical development of neurology. This introduction is followed by 12 chapters systematized according to traditional neurologic manifestations of diseases of the nervous system as a whole. A short bibliography or selected references follows the introductory chapter, but references specific to individual diseases are not included. Although neuroanatomic correlations are included, they are usually too sketchy to be helpful. Of greatest importance
Identification of "Ryan Virus" as an amoeba of the genus Hartmannella.
Authors: J. A. Armstrong, M. S. Pereira
Journal: BMJ (1967)

A recent paper (Pereira, et al., 1966) reported the isolation in Britain of several strains of an antibiotic-resistant infective agent that caused unusual cytopathic effects when inoculated into cell cultures.The new agent was evidently recoverable from the respiratory tract in certain patients, mostly young children, with illnesses of varying severity but with fever and respiratory symptoms as common features.Primary isolations were made in HeLa or monkey-kidney-cell cultures, and the agent was successfully subcultured in a wide range of cell types.Nuclear changes with eosinophilic inclusions developed within 24 hours in inoculated cultures, followed in two to three days by disintegration of the cell sheet.The effect was suppressed by 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine ; however, it was not possible to separate infectivity from cell debris.It was concluded that the respon- sible agent was a virus, firmly cell-associated and perhaps related to the varicella-cytomegalovirus subgroup of the herpes viruses.It was provisionally called Ryan virus.For further characterization of the agent, cell cultures and a number of normal and inoculated organ cultures of human embryo trachea were passed to the Laboratory of Cytopathology, National Institute for Medical Research, for electron microscopy and cytological study.This has revealed the presence of a protozoal cell-type in all specimens inoculated with the Ryan agent; the findings, as detailed below, suggest that the cytopathic changes previously reported are attributable to an amoeba of the genus Hartniannella. MethodsCell Cultures.-Monolayercultures were prepared in small tubes with HeLa cells and with primary freshly trypsinized human-embryo-kidney cells.Fragments of human embryo trachea were cultured in small plastic dishes, as described by Hoorn and Tyrrell (1965).To all cultures 100 units of penicillin and 100 /Lg. of streptomycin/ml.were added.Inocula.-All the Ryan strains were obtained by inoculation of cell cultures with nose, throat, or bronchial swabs from patients.For the present investigation the strain Ryan 1, which had been isolated in HeLa cultures, was used initially for inoculation of the monolayers.Because of likely contami- nation with HeLa-cell mycoplasmas, later studies were done with an early passage of Ryan 3, a strain isolated in primary monkey-kidney cells and maintained in primary human- embryo-kidney cultures.Normal and infected cultures of HeLa and human-embryokidney cells were prepared for electron microscopy one and two days after inoculation of infective material.Fixation was in phosphate-buffered 1 % osmium tetroxide, or 2.5 % glutaraldehyde with osmium post-fixation.Specimens were embedded in Epikote expoxy resin, and thin sections were stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate.Cover-slips from representative tubes in each group were Bouin-fixed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin.Tracheal organ cultures were fixed at intervals up to four days after inoculation, the
Corrective shoes for surgery.
Authors: A G Apley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

most obese (41 /0), both considerably higher than the mean for those of average weight (2 7%).This finding raises the question of the effect of weight changes within the average range on mortality.Any weight changes recorded prospectively in individuals in our study did not change the weight status of any individual patient to such a degree that they should be classified in a different weight cate- gory.We therefore do not agree that with this compound patients will be paying a high price in terms of significant weight increases.