tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations of Myocardial Dynamic Stiffness Implicating Abnormal Crossbridge Function in Human Mitral Regurgitation Heart Failure
Authors: L.A. Mulieri, W. Barnes, B.J. Leavitt, F.P. Ittleman, M.M. LeWinter, N.R. Alpert, D.W. Maughan
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Mitral regurgitation (MR) causes ventricular dilation, a blunted myocardial force-frequency relation, and increased crossbridge force-time integral (FTI). The mechanism of FTI increase was investigated using sinusoidal length perturbation analysis to compare crossbridge function in skinned left ventricular (LV) epicardial muscle strips from 5 MR and 5 nonfailing (NF) control hearts. Myocardial dynamic stiffness was modeled as 3 parallel viscoelastic processes. Two processes characterize intermediate crossbridge cycle transitions, B (work producing) and C (work absorbing) with Q 10 s of 4 to 5. No significant differences in moduli or kinetic constants of these processes were observed between MR and NF. The third process, A , characterizes a nonenzymatic (Q 10 =0.9) work-absorbing viscoelasticity, whose modulus increases sigmoidally with [Ca 2+ ]. Effects of temperature, crossbridge inhibition, or variation in [MgATP] support associating the calcium-dependent portion of A with the structural “backbone” of the myosin crossbridge. Extension of the conventional sinusoidal length perturbation analysis allowed using the A modulus to index the lifetime of the prerigor, AMADP crossbridge. This index was 75% greater in MR than in NF ( P =0.02), suggesting a mechanism for the previously observed increase in crossbridge FTI. Notably, the A -process modulus was inversely correlated ( r 2 =0.84, P =0.03) with in vivo LV ejection fraction in MR patients. The longer prerigor dwell time in MR may be clinically relevant not only for its potential role as a compensatory mechanism (increased economy of tension maintenance and increased resistance to ventricular dilation) but also for a potentially deleterious effect (reduced elastance and ejection fraction).
TCT-748 Incidence And Prognosis Of Acute Kidney Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Jorge Cortés-Lawrenz, Manuel Muñoz-García, Erika Muñoz-García, Manuel Jimenez Navarro, Antonio Domínguez-Franco, Juan Alonso Briales, Jose María Hernandez-García
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Dexamethasone inhibits basophil migration
Authors: M. Yamaguchi, K. Hirai, K. Nakajima, T. Ohtoshi, T. Takaishi, K. Ohta, Y. Morita, K. Ito
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Glucocorticoids have been shown to inhibit the local accumulation of basophils during the allergen‐induced late‐phase reaction (LPR). Since migration is an essential step in the recruitment of basophils from the circulation, we examined whether the widely used glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), directly acts on basophils to inhibit the migration caused by C5a, interleukin (IL)‐3, and IL‐8. When purified basophils were preincubated with various concentrations of DEX, a dose‐dependent inhibition was observed; DEX at concentrations as low as 1 nM reduced the number of migrated basophils by 30–40 %; at higher concentrations, it showed a slightly stronger inhibitory effect. There was no significant difference in the effect of DEX on the migration caused by the three chemoattractants. The action of DEX took place rapidly; apparent inhibition was observed even when migration was initiated without preincubation. Although the inhibitory effect of this agent was not reversed when DEX was removed by washing, the inhibition was not mediated by the toxicity as measured by the trypan‐blue exclusion test. These results indicate that the in vivo blocking effect of glucocorticoids on basophil accumulation during LPR is mediated in part by direct action to inhibit the migration of basophils.
Serum DKK1 as a protein biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale, multicentre study
Authors: Qiujin Shen, Jia Fan, Xin-Rong Yang, Yexiong Tan, Weifeng Zhao, Yang Xu, Ning Wang, Yongdong Niu, Zheng Wu, Jian Zhou, Shuang-Jian Qiu, Ying-Hong Shi, Bin Yu, Ning Tang, Wei Chu, Min Wang, Jinhua Wu, Zhigang Zhang, Shengli Yang, Jianren Gu, Hongyang Wang, Wenxin Qin
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Autoantibodies against human insulin.
Authors: T J Wilkin, S Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Sera from 680 non-diabetic subjects with suspected autoimmune disease were screened for 13 different antibodies. Of the 582 sera found to contain these antibodies, nine bound insulin in an IgG specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (micro ELISA). Four of the sera bound human, porcine, and bovine insulins and five bound exclusively human insulin. "Cold" human, porcine, and bovine insulins each displaced, in a dose dependent manner, the four sera which bound all three insulins, but only human insulin displaced the remaining five, porcine and bovine insulins having little or no effect in concentrations up to 1000 U/1. These observations point to the existence of autoantibodies specifically against human insulin in some subjects with established autoimmunity.
Investigation of adrenomedullary function in atopic dermatitis
Authors: C.B. ARCHER, N. DALTON, C. TURNER, D.M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Adrenomedullary function in patients with atopic dermatitis was assessed by measurement of plasma levels of catecholamines (adrenalin and noradrenalin) and cyclic AMP in response to the stimuli of standing after lying supine, and a 5-min infusion of histamine in the standing position (i.e. histamine plus standing). Plasma clearance of adrenalin was examined by measurement of plasma catecholamine and cyclic AMP levels following a 15-min intravenous infusion of adrenalin in the supine position. Resting plasma levels of adrenalin, cyclic AMP and noradrenalin were not statistically different in atopic patients and normal controls. Standing or intravenous infusion of histamine in the standing position caused a rise in plasma catecholamine levels. Plasma adrenalin, cyclic AMP and noradrenalin levels in response to these stimuli and the rate of clearance of exogenous adrenalin from the plasma were not significantly different in patients with atopic dermatitis and in normal subjects.
Ultrasound in Evaluating Renal Masses-Reply
Authors: Judith Everett
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Yes, the examination was "satisfactory." After surgery, the pathological specimen disclosed that the tumor was not homogeneous, but had areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. Recent information also appears to implicate diagnostic ultrasound in the delivery of premature infants where data have indicated fetal maturity. It is often the "single case" in medicine that leads us to reexamine our diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This is far more acceptable than continuing to use a procedure because it is "generally accepted." Additional controlled data are obviously needed.
Ca2+- and caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in rat skinned trabeculae: effects of pH and Pi
Authors: Jonathan C Kentish, Jian-Zhong Xiang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Our aims were: (1) to examine the effect of pH (7.4–6.5) on Ca2+release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiac muscle, and (2) to see if these effects were altered by phosphate (Pi). Methods: Rat ventricular trabeculae were permeabilised with saponin. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from the SR was triggered by flash photolysis of nitr-5. Under similar loading conditions, SR Ca2+ loading was assessed using caffeine to release the Ca2+ in the SR. Force and fluo-3 fluorescence (a measure of the cytosolic [Ca2+]) were monitored. Results: SR Ca2+ loading was optimal at pH 7.1 and was significantly reduced at pH 7.4, 6.8 and 6.5. CICR was the same at pH 7.4 as at pH 7.1, but was reduced, by more than Ca2+ loading, in acidic solutions. These differential effects on loading and CICR suggested that Ca2+ activation of the Ca2+ release channel was decreased (by >50%) as pH was lowered from 7.4 to 6.5. A direct effect on the Ca2+ release channel was confirmed by the finding that Ca2+ release was slower in acidic solutions. Acidosis also slowed the re-uptake of Ca2+ into the SR after CICR, which may account for the reduced Ca2+ loading at low pH. As observed previously, Pi (20 mM) by itself decreased SR Ca2+ loading. However, the inhibitory effects of acidosis and Pi on SR Ca2+ loading were independent. Conclusions: A fall of pH over the range 7.4–6.5 directly inhibits the SR Ca2+ release channel. In addition, acidosis inhibits SR Ca2+ accumulation by a mechanism independent of that of Pi. Both effects of acidosis would act to decrease SR Ca2+ release and so would contribute to the negative inotropic actions of intracellular acidosis in intact cardiac muscle.
CD4+ T cells are required for development of a murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS).
Authors: R A Yetter, R M Buller, J S Lee, K L Elkins, D E Mosier, T N Fredrickson, H C Morse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Mice depleted in vivo of CD4+ Th cells by treatment with mAb GK1.5 were found to be resistant to the lymphoproliferative/immunodeficiency disease (MAIDS) induced in intact mice by infection with the mixture of LP-BM5 murine leukemia viruses. Depleted mice did not develop lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly, had normal serum IgM levels, normal CTL responses to alloantigens, and were able to generate PFC responses to Th-independent antigens even though frequencies of virus-producing spleen cells were comparable in depleted and intact mice. Depletion of CD4+ Th cells after infection resulted in a reversal of many abnormalities exhibited by infected controls; spleen weights, serum IgM levels, and allogeneic CTL responses of treated mice were comparable to those of uninfected controls. These results demonstrate that dysfunction of CD4+ Th cells is central to the induction and progression of both T and B cell abnormalities in MAIDS.
Investigational New Drug (US) 'Orphan' Trials Now Use Thalidomide From Two Sources
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

FOOD AND DRUG Administration (FDA) officials classify thalidomide as an orphan drug, one of 133 such pharmaceuticals currently being studied in the treatment of 96 relatively rare diseases (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:793). Two such studies of thalidomide are under way. In lepromatous leprosy, it has been the drug of choice since 1966 in treating erythema nodosum leprosum and now is in phase III (extensive clinical trials in humans) developmental status. In graft-versus-host disease, the most common cause of death following bone marrow transplantation, it has been in clinical trials since 1987 and is in phase II (effectiveness testing in humans) developmental status. (Please see accompanying article.) In the United States, thalidomide is obtained under investigational new drug status from two sources. The National Hansen's Disease Center, Carville, La, which is conducting the leprosy study, obtains reagent-grade thalidomide from Andrulis Research Corporation, Bethesda, Md. Andrulis manufactures the drug under contract with the US
Central haemodynamic changes during lower body positive pressure in patients with congestive cardiac failure
Authors: R. J I BAIN, L B. TAN, R G. MURRAY, M. K DAVIES, W. A LITTLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Fifteen patients with moderately severe and severe chronic congestive heart failure were studied to determine the central haemodynamic results of short term increases in lower body positive pressure. Central haemodynamic variables were determined by Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheterisation and arterial cannulation. Graded increases in lower body positive pressure were applied to supine patients using Medical Anti-Shock Trousers (MAST). Increasing lower body positive pressure by 25 mm Hg and 55 mm Hg caused increases in mean right atrial pressure (6.0 to 13.2 to 17.9 mm Hg; p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.0001 respectively) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (26.8 to 35.5 to 41.3 mm Hg; p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively). No significant changes were seen in left heart filling pressures or in pulmonary vascular resistance. Furthermore, there were no significant increases in indices of cardiac work (cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index, right ventricular stroke work index or cardiac power output) despite the increased right heart filling pressures. These results show that in patients with longstanding severe congestive heart failure, short term increases in cardiac return may increase right heart pressures but do not appear to cause either beneficial or detrimental changes in left heart haemodynamic indices.
Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Alan Horwich, David Cunningham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TO THE EDITOR: The letter from Canellos and Mauch discussing chemotherapy for the rare subtype of lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LPHL) suggested addition of rituximab, based mainly on results of a phase II study of single-agent rituximab. However, as with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), rituximab may be most effective when combined with chemotherapy. We have recently reviewed our single-center experience of 88 patients with LPHL (Jackson et al, manuscript submitted for publication), and in keeping with other reports have found a pattern of relapse analogous to that of low-grade NHL, with frequent relapses and remissions. After treatment with chemotherapy alone, there were relapses in five of eight patients with stage II disease, five of six patients with stage III disease, and three of four patients with stage IV disease. Ten patients had rituximab with chemotherapy including four for first relapse, two for third relapse, and four for multiple relapses. All four patients treated for first relapse have maintained complete remission for 16 to 75 months, as well as the two patients treated for third relapse (43 and 89 months). Weendorse thesuggestionfromCanellosandMauch that systemic treatment might reasonably be a low-toxicity chemotherapy regimen with rituximab.
Nasopharyngeal Polypus: Hypertrophy of the Mucous Membrane: Tracheotomy: Removal of Superior Maxillary Bone: Death
Authors: A. S. Underhill
Journal: BMJ (1875)

relieved, he was induced to accept my offer to make him an in-patient in King's College Hospital; and, on December ioth, he was admitted into that institution under my care.On his admission, and as long as he was in the hospital, the physical signs were, and remained, precisely as I have given them above.After a few days' rest in bed, his symptoms were greatly relieved.His dyspnmea was scarcely observable; his appetite was good ; he slept well, and was cheerful, and, save when occasional slight attacks of cough and expectoration brought on an access of dyspnea, he presented few subjective symptoms of any distinct import.After, however, he had been in the hospital about ten days, the cold weather, which had been for a long time severe, became intense; this seemed to depress him physically; he became somewhat confused and incoher6nt in his manner, and, on the 23rd, somewhat unexpectedly, he died from exhaustion, after only thirteen days in hospital.There was no aggravation whatever of the chest-symptoms; but he had not vital energy enough to resist the continued depressing influences of pro- tracted cold.A case of thoracic aneurism in the very next bed to this patient died a few days afterwards in precisely the same manner, not directly from the effects of the aneurism.but from exhaustion induced, to a great extent, by the depressing influence of cold.We did not feel quite sure what we should find on post miiortemit exa- mination.In its general aspect, the case resembled one of malignant tumour within the thorax; but, save the dyspncea, there were none of those pressure-signs which generally accompany such disease; and, with rest in bed, the dyspnoea disappeared.He had no pain, no orthopncea, no anxiety.He ate and dranik and slept well.There was
Cost-effectiveness of HA-1A Monoclonal Antibody for Gram-Negative Sepsis
Authors: Kevin A. Schulman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To assess the cost-effectiveness of the HA-1A monoclonal antibody for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia.Cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using clinical efficacy data reported in the medical literature.Hospitalized patients with sepsis.543 patients with sepsis and suspected gram-negative infection. Patients enrolled in the study met strict criteria for sepsis, including fever or hypothermia (less than 35.6 degrees C or greater than 38.3 degrees C), tachycardia (greater than 90 beats per minute), tachypnea (greater than 20 breaths per minute), and hypotension or two of six signs of systemic toxicity.HA-1A vs placebo in addition to usual care.We determined the range of possible cost-effectiveness ratios for HA-1A therapy, using modeling techniques when clinical or economic variables were unknown. We subjected the model to rigorous sensitivity analysis. We calculated the incremental cost of care and years of life saved for patients with sepsis and modeled two different treatment strategies: treat all patients with sepsis or test and then treat only patients with positive test results. $24,100 per year of life saved based on the treat strategy and $14,900 based on the test strategy. In sensitivity analysis the ratios ranged from $5200 to $110,200 per year of life gained. Annual costs of care for these two strategies are $1.3 billion for the test strategy and $2.3 billion for the treat strategy.Economic assessment of new technologies early in their development can be used to guide their efficient clinical introduction.
Weight-Based, Insulin Dose–Related Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Daniel J. Rubin, Denis Rybin, Gheorghe Doros, Marie E. McDonnell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To determine the association of weight-based insulin dose with hypoglycemia in noncritically ill inpatients with diabetes.We performed a retrospective, case-control study of 1,990 diabetic patients admitted to hospital wards. Patients with glucose levels <70 mg/dL (case subjects) were matched one to one with nonhypoglycemic control subjects on the basis of the hospital day of hypoglycemia, age, sex, and BMI.Relative to 24-h insulin doses <0.2 units/kg, the unadjusted odds of hypoglycemia increased with increasing insulin dose. Adjusted for insulin type, sliding-scale insulin use, and albumin, creatinine, and hematocrit levels, the higher odds of hypoglycemia with increasing insulin doses remained (0.6-0.8 units/kg: odds ratio 2.10 [95% CI 1.08-4.09], P = 0.028; >0.8 units/kg: 2.95 [1.54-5.65], P = 0.001). The adjusted odds of hypoglycemia were not greater in patients who received 0.2-0.4 units/kg (1.08 [0.64-1.81], P = 0.78) or 0.4-0.6 units/kg (1.60 [0.90-2.86], P = 0.11). Although the relationship between insulin dose and hypoglycemia did not vary by insulin type, patients who received NPH trended toward greater odds of hypoglycemia compared with those given other insulins.Higher weight-based insulin doses are associated with greater odds of hypoglycemia independent of insulin type. However, 0.6 units/kg seems to be a threshold below which the odds of hypoglycemia are relatively low. These findings may help clinicians use insulin more safely.
Ethics, Research, and Animal Welfare
Authors: S. M. Kurtz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to take issue with several of the philosophical and practical points raised in "Medical Research and Ethics" (<b>199</b>:631, 1967). The concept of "<i>ultimate</i>human welfare" is truly incompatible with a temporal view of ethics and morality, as constructed in Visscher's article. The term<i>immediate</i>rather than ultimate, or perhaps<i>expedient</i>, would be more in accord with this view of ethics. However, either of these two alternative words lends a much less attractive basis for the arbitrary exploitation of animal life, even in the name of science or medicine. If, in the matter of unrestricted use of laboratory animals, the ends really justify the means, any means, then we are still left with a dilemma, for who can say just what the ends are, ultimately. Therefore, perhaps it would be wiser as well as more humane to err on the side of restraint rather
The Evolution of Surgery
Authors: Julie A. Freischlag, Melina R. Kibbe
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABC of major trauma. Trauma in pregnancy.
Authors: P Nash, P Driscoll
Journal: BMJ (1990)

When a pregnant woman presents with major trauma two lives are at risk.Sul X Survival of the fetus depends on maternal survival.Treatment priorities illZ _ > ; ; _ remain the same as in patients who are not pregnant, although resuscitation and stabilisation should be modified to account for the anatomical and physiological changes of pregnancy.Early participation of an obstetrician is advocated.If the patient is conscious she will be anxious about herself and her baby.* Pulse rate is increased to 85-90 beats/ Circulation minute During pregnancy blood volume increases by up to 50% and cardiac * Blood pressure falls by 5-15 mm Hg in output by 1 0-1 5 litres.Compared with patients who are not pregnant, the * Primary survey * Airway and cervical spine control * Breathing * Circulation (position patient to avoid supine hypotension) * Dysfunction of the central nervous system * Exposure Assessment of the fetus * Note date of last menstrual period * Measure fundal height * Examine for uterine contractions or tenderness * Examine forfetal movement * Monitor fetal heart rate * Perform vaginal examination for amniotic fluid or blood Signs of fetal distress * Bradycardia (<110 breaths/minute)* Signs on cardiotocography: Inadequate accelerations in fetal heart rate in response to uterine contraction Late decelerations in fetal heart rate in response to uterine contraction 975 on 14 July
1081 MICROSOMAL TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN (MTP) −493 G/T POLYMORPHISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C (CHC) GENOTYPE 1 INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: E.R. Siqueira, C.M. Oliveira, T.J. Stefano, A.M. Cavaleiro, M. Fortes, M.T. Muniz, K.A. Silva, F.S. Silva, M.L. Correa-Gianella, L.M. Pereira, F.J. Carrilho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)