tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Residency Training and Pregnancy
Authors: J. van Dis
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transportation capacity for patients with highly infectious diseases in Europe: a survey in 16 nations
Authors: S. Schilling, H.C. Maltezou, F.M. Fusco, G. De Iaco, H.-R. Brodt, B. Bannister, P. Brouqui, G. Carson, V. Puro, R. Gottschalk, G. Ippolito, Norbert Vetter, Mira Kojouharova, Kremena Parmakova, Peter Skinhoej, Heli Siikamaki, Christian Perronne, Olga Adrami, John Lambert, Simone Lanini, Robert Hemmer, Michael Borg, Anne Lise Fjellet, Arne Broch Brantsæter, Andrzej Horban, Franc Strle, Antoni Trilla
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Adverse Prognostic Impact of Intratumor Heterogeneous <i>HER2</i> Gene Amplification in Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Harry H. Yoon, Qian Shi, William R. Sukov, Mark A. Lewis, Christopher A. Sattler, Anne E. Wiktor, Tsung-Teh Wu, Robert B. Diasio, Robert B. Jenkins, Frank A. Sinicrope
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

There is increasing recognition of the existence of intratumoral heterogeneity of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), which affects interpretation of HER2 positivity in clinical practice and may have implications for patient prognosis and treatment. We determined the frequency and prognostic impact of heterogeneous HER2 gene amplification and polysomy 17 in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).HER2 amplification (by fluorescence in situ hybridization) was examined in surgical EAC specimens (n = 675). HER2 heterogeneity was defined according to consensus guidelines as gene amplification (HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥ 2.0) in more than 5% but less than 50% of cancer cells. No patient received neoadjuvant or HER2-targeted therapy. Cox models were used to assess disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS).Overall, 117 EACs (17%) demonstrated HER2 amplification, of which 20 (17%) showed HER2 heterogeneity. All HER2-heterogeneous tumors were amplified. Among HER2-amplified tumors, heterogeneous tumors had significantly higher frequency of poor histologic grade and polysomy 17. In multivariable models that included number of metastatic lymph nodes, grade, tumor stage, and polysomy 17, only HER2 heterogeneity and node number were prognostic among HER2-amplified tumors, with heterogeneity showing worse DSS (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.79; P = .025) and OS (P = .026). Among HER2-nonamplified EACs, polysomy 17 was independently associated with worse DSS (P = .012) and OS (P = .023).Among HER2-amplified EACs, 17% show HER2 heterogeneity, which independently predicts for worse cancer-specific death. Among HER2-nonamplified EACs, polysomy 17 is independently associated with worse survival. These novel findings demonstrate aggressive subgroups in HER2-amplified and -nonamplified EACs that have important implications for HER2 analysis and determination of benefit from HER2-targeted therapy.
Mortality associated with nasogastric tube feeding was high
Authors: H D Duncan, E Walters, D B A Silk
Journal: BMJ (1996)

9 4%) or surgical gastrostomy (19-9%).The success rate of radiological gastrostomy is 99-2%, compared with 95-7% for endoscopic placement.Radiological gastrostomy requires minimal sedation and is preferable to endoscopic gastrostomy, particularly in patients who are prone to aspiration (such as those with dysphagic stroke in Norton and colleagues' study), as the endoscopic method often requires heavy sedation if placement of the tube into the jejunum is considered.3The tube can be placed in the jejunum easily and rapidly when the radiological method is used, with no additional discomfort to the patient.Unlike with the endoscopic method, the colon can be routinely visualised during radiological gastro- stomy so that inadvertent perforation of the colon when it is interposed between the stomach and anterior abdominal wall is avoided.Infection at the site of the tube is less common with the radiological method as the tube is introduced through the surgically scrubbed anterior abdominal wall rather than the contaminated oral cavity.4Since radiological gastrostomy has been found to be the safest and most successful method of placing a gastrostomy tube it should be the method of choice in almost every circumstance.
Type III TGF-Î² receptor promotes FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma
Authors: Erik H. Knelson, Angela L. Gaviglio, Alok K. Tewari, Michael B. Armstrong, Karthikeyan Mythreye, Gerard C. Blobe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Growth factors and their receptors coordinate neuronal differentiation during development, yet their roles in the pediatric tumor neuroblastoma remain unclear. Comparison of mRNA from benign neuroblastic tumors and neuroblastomas revealed that expression of the type III TGF-β receptor (TGFBR3) decreases with advancing stage of neuroblastoma and this loss correlates with a poorer prognosis. Patients with MYCN oncogene amplification and low TGFBR3 expression were more likely to have an adverse outcome. In vitro, TβRIII expression was epigenetically suppressed by MYCN-mediated recruitment of histone deacetylases to regions of the TGFBR3 promoter. TβRIII bound FGF2 and exogenous FGFR1, which promoted neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. TβRIII and FGF2 cooperated to induce expression of the transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 1 via Erk MAPK. TβRIII-mediated neuronal differentiation suppressed cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These studies characterize a coreceptor function for TβRIII in FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation, while identifying potential therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers for neuroblastoma.
Genome position and gene amplification
Authors: Pavla Gajduskova, Antoine M Snijders, Serena Kwek, Ritu Roydasgupta, Jane Fridlyand, Taku Tokuyasu, Daniel Pinkel, Donna G Albertson
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background Amplifications, regions of focal high-level copy number change, lead to overexpression of oncogenes or drug resistance genes in tumors. Their presence is often associated with poor prognosis; however, the use of amplification as a mechanism for overexpression of a particular gene in tumors varies. To investigate the influence of genome position on propensity to amplify, we integrated a mutant form of the gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase into different positions in the human genome, challenged cells with methotrexate and then studied the genomic alterations arising in drug resistant cells. Results We observed site-specific differences in methotrexate sensitivity, amplicon organization and amplification frequency. One site was uniquely associated with a significantly enhanced propensity to amplify and recurrent amplicon boundaries, possibly implicating a rare folate-sensitive fragile site in initiating amplification. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression patterns and subsequent gene enrichment analysis revealed two clusters differing significantly in expression of MYC target genes independent of integration site. Conclusion These studies suggest that genome context together with the particular challenges to genome stability experienced during the progression to cancer contribute to the propensity to amplify a specific oncogene or drug resistance gene, whereas the overall functional response to drug (or other) challenge may be independent of the genomic location of an oncogene.
Prevalence of radiological signs of femoroacetabular impingement in patients presenting with long-standing adductor-related groin pain
Authors: A Weir, R J de Vos, M Moen, P Hölmich, J L Tol
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

A decreased range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint is known to predispose to athletic groin injury. Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) of the hip leads to a reduced ROM. This study examined the prevalence of radiological signs of FAI in patients presenting with long-standing adductor-related groin pain (LSARGP).Prospective case series.Outpatient Sports Medicine Department.34 athletes with LSARGP defined as pain on palpation of the proximal insertion of adductor muscle and a painful, resisted adduction test.A clinician blinded to the results of the radiological assessment performed a physical examination: iliopsoas length, hip ROM and anterior hip impingement test. Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were examined by a second blinded clinician for the presence of: pistol grip deformity, centrum-collum-diaphyseal angle, femoral head neck ratio, coxa profunda, protrusio acetabuli, lateral centre edge angle, acetabular index and cross-over sign.The prevalence of radiological signs of FAI was 94% (64/68). The mean number of radiological signs in hips with LSARGP was 1.84 (range 0-4, SD 1.05) and 1.96 (range 0-5, SD 1.12) in asymptomatic groins (p=0.95). The anterior hip impingement test was positive in nine cases. There was no relationship with the number of radiological signs (p=0.95). There was no correlation between hip ROM and the number of radiological signs (p=0.37).Radiological signs of FAI are frequently observed in patients presenting with LSARGP. Clinicians should be aware of this fact and the possible lack of correlation when assessing athletes with groin pain.
Reduction in baroreflex cardiovascular responses due to venous infusion in the rabbit.
Authors: H O Stinnett, V S Bishop, D F Peterson
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We studied reflex bradycardia and depression of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during left aortic nerve (LAN) stimulation before and after volume infusion in the anesthetized rabbit. Step increases in mean right atrial pressure (MRAP) to 10 mm Hg did not result in a significant change in heart rate or MAP. After volume loading, responses to LAN stimulation were not as great and the degree of attenuation was propoetional to the level of increased MRAP. A change in responsiveness was observed after elevation of MRAP by only 1 mm Hg, corresponding to less than a 10% increase in average calculated blood volume. after an increase in MRAP of 10 mm Hg, peak responses were attenuated by 44% (heart rate) and 52% (MAP), and the initial slopes (rate of change) were reduced by 46% (heart rate) and 66% (MAP). Comparison of the responses after infusion with blood and dextran solutions indicated that hemodilution was an unlikely explanation for the attenuation of the reflex responses. Total arterial baroreceptor denervation (ABD) abolished the volume-related attenuation was still present following bilateral aortic nerve section or vagotomy. It thus appears that the carotid sinus responds to changes inblood volume and influences the reflex cardiovascular responses to afferent stimulation of the LAN. On the other hand, cardiopulmonary receptors subserved by vagal afferents do not appear to be involved.
Differential roles of cyclin D1 and D3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nikolina Radulovich, Nhu-An Pham, Dan Strumpf, Lisa Leung, Wing Xie, Igor Jurisica, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

The cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cyclin D3 (CCND3) are frequently co-overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we examine their differential roles in PDAC.CCND1 and CCND3 expression were selectively suppressed by shRNA in PDAC cell lines with expression levels of equal CCND1 and CCND3 (BxPC3), enhanced CCND1 (HPAC) or enhanced CCND3 (PANC1). Suppression of cell proliferation was greater with CCND3 than CCND1 downregulation. CCND3 suppression led to a reduced level of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (Ser795p-Rb/p110) and resulted in decreased levels of cyclin A mRNA and protein. A global gene expression analysis identified deregulated genes in D1- or D3-cyclin siRNA-treated PANC1 cells. The downregulated gene targets in CCND3 suppressed cells were significantly enriched in cell cycle associated processes (p < 0.005). In contrast, focal adhesion/actin cytoskeleton, MAPK and NF B signaling appeared to characterize the target genes and their interacting proteins in CCND1 suppressed PANC1 cells.Our results suggest that CCND3 is the primary driver of the cell cycle, in cooperation with CCND1 that integrates extracellular mitogenic signaling. We also present evidence that CCND1 plays a role in tumor cell migration. The results provide novel insights for common and differential targets of CCND1 and CCND3 overexpression during pancreatic duct cell carcinogenesis.
Complex regional pain syndromes: Taxonomy, diagnostic criteria, mechanisms of vascular abnormalites, edema, and pain
Authors: Ralf Baron, Wilfrid Jänig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Complex regional pain syndromes (reflex sympathetic dystrophy, causalgia) are often characterized by pain and autonomic and motor abnormalities. Pathophysiological mechanisms are in the central and peripheral nervous system. Differences in skin temperature and “the ischemia test” may be used as diagnostic criteria. Sympathetic blocks relieve pain and other symptoms in a subgroup of patients (sympathetically maintained pain, SMP). [blumberg et al.]
A phase I study to determine the safety, tolerability and maximum tolerated dose of green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) lipid extract, in patients with advanced prostate and breast cancer
Authors: S. Sukumaran, K.B. Pittman, W.K. Patterson, J. Dickson, S. Yeend, A. Townsend, V. Broadbridge, T.J. Price
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
A Comparison of Vasopressin and Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Volker Wenzel, Anette C. Krismer, H. Richard Arntz, Helmut Sitter, Karl H. Stadlbauer, Karl H. Lindner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Vasopressin is an alternative to epinephrine for vasopressor therapy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but clinical experience with this treatment has been limited.We randomly assigned adults who had had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to receive two injections of either 40 IU of vasopressin or 1 mg of epinephrine, followed by additional treatment with epinephrine if needed. The primary end point was survival to hospital admission, and the secondary end point was survival to hospital discharge.A total of 1219 patients underwent randomization; 33 were excluded because of missing study-drug codes. Among the remaining 1186 patients, 589 were assigned to receive vasopressin and 597 to receive epinephrine. The two treatment groups had similar clinical profiles. There were no significant differences in the rates of hospital admission between the vasopressin group and the epinephrine group either among patients with ventricular fibrillation (46.2 percent vs. 43.0 percent, P=0.48) or among those with pulseless electrical activity (33.7 percent vs. 30.5 percent, P=0.65). Among patients with asystole, however, vasopressin use was associated with significantly higher rates of hospital admission (29.0 percent, vs. 20.3 percent in the epinephrine group; P=0.02) and hospital discharge (4.7 percent vs. 1.5 percent, P=0.04). Among 732 patients in whom spontaneous circulation was not restored with the two injections of the study drug, additional treatment with epinephrine resulted in significant improvement in the rates of survival to hospital admission and hospital discharge in the vasopressin group, but not in the epinephrine group (hospital admission rate, 25.7 percent vs. 16.4 percent; P=0.002; hospital discharge rate, 6.2 percent vs. 1.7 percent; P=0.002). Cerebral performance was similar in the two groups.The effects of vasopressin were similar to those of epinephrine in the management of ventricular fibrillation and pulseless electrical activity, but vasopressin was superior to epinephrine in patients with asystole. Vasopressin followed by epinephrine may be more effective than epinephrine alone in the treatment of refractory cardiac arrest.
Apoptosis and proliferation of acinar and islet cells in chronic pancreatitis: evidence for differential cell loss mediating preservation of islet function
Authors: A C Bateman
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is characterised clinically by early exocrine insufficiency, with diabetes mellitus occurring as a late phenomenon. This is mirrored pathologically by extensive acinar cell destruction and islet preservation. The mechanisms underlying this differential rate of cellular destruction are unknown. Aims: To test the hypothesis that acinar loss and islet preservation in chronic pancreatitis occurs due to differential epithelial kinetics and investigate the role of inflammatory cells and cell cycle associated molecules. Methods: Archival tissue from six chronic pancreatitis cases was compared with six normal controls using TUNEL and immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD20, CD68, MIB-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, Fas ligand, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) and 2 (TIMP-2). Results: The acinar cell apoptotic index (AI) and proliferation index were higher in chronic pancreatitis than controls. T lymphocytes diffusely infiltrated fibrous bands and acini but rarely islets. Acinar Bcl-2 expression exceeded islet expression in chronic pancreatitis and controls while Bax was strongly expressed by a subset of islet cells and weakly by centroacinar cells. Islet Fas and Fas ligand expression exceeded acinar expression in chronic pancreatitis and controls. Acinar Rb expression was higher in chronic pancreatitis than in controls. Islets in chronic pancreatitis and controls showed intense TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression. Conclusion: Apoptosis plays a significant role in acinar loss in chronic pancreatitis. Acinar Bcl-2 and islet Bax expression indicates complex AI control. Increased acinar Rb expression in chronic pancreatitis may differentially promote acinar loss. Fas ligand expression may be restricted to islet cell membranes through TIMP-1 expression and inhibit islet damage by promoting apoptosis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Rape in war: how a US law prevents aid for safe abortions
Authors: S. Howard
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Most studies examining income and health have used average income at one point in time or low income over time. These are global measures and cannot really capture change in income over time. In this study, we propose a novel approach to studying long-term income trajectories and how they influence health measured by biomarkers to capture different dimensions of health, which might be influenced by different income trajectories. To this end, we use Latent Class Growth Mixture Models (LCGMM) to identify the types of household-level income trajectories that are associated with cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fibrinogen, c-reactive protein (CRP), haemoglobin (Hgb), and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), in the UK population from 1991–2010. <h3>Methods</h3> We use household income (quartiles/year), Waves 1–18 of the British Household Panel Study (a stratified random sample), and biomarkers from Wave 3 of the Nurse Health Assessment component of the UK Household Longitudinal Survey into which BHPS is now incorporated. We select individuals with at least nine waves of income data and biomarker information (n=1449). Biomarkers are used as logged continuous measures. We fit LCGMMs (estimator: Maximum Likelihood with robust S.E.) using MPlus 8.0. The Bayesian Information Criterion and the Bootstrapped Likelihood Ratio Test are used to assess model fit and determine the number of classes. We run LCGMM with biomarkers as distal outcomes, using the manual BCH procedure, to test equality of means across classes. We control for age, gender, education, employment, household type, self-rated health at baseline (Wave 1 of BHPS). We conduct sensitivity analyses to check whether results change when removing respondents using medications found to affect biomarker values. <h3>Results</h3> Eight types of income trajectories are identified representing both stability and volatility: ‘stable high’ (11.8%); ‘high-decreasing-medium’ (12.8%); ‘low-increasing-medium’ (15.7%); ‘medium-increasing-high’ (11.6%); ‘stable medium’ (17.9%); ‘stable low’ (15.7%); ‘high-medium-low’ (3.7%); ‘medium-low’ (10.8%). After adjusting for confounders, we find that the group of individuals living in low-income households throughout the twenty years (‘stable low’) have a higher logged Total-HDL cholesterol mean ratio (LogM=0.865; M=∼2.63), compared to both the ‘medium-increasing-high’ (LogM=0.862; M=∼2.38; LogM diff.=0.103, S.E.=1.993) and ‘high-medium-low’ (LogM=0.862; M=∼2.37; LogM diff.=0.102, S.E.=1.969) groups. These differences are not significant when removing respondents using statins. Findings for other biomarkers will be presented. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We find differences in cholesterol between: 1) persistent poverty and upward volatility; 2) persistent poverty and downward volatility. Our results suggest that persistent poverty is more harmful to household members, compared to fluctuations and eventual poverty. Some of our other health measures respond differently to income stability and variability.
Assessing prognosis and optimizing treatment in patients with postchemotherapy viable nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors (NSGCT): results of the sCR2 international study
Authors: K. Fizazi, J. Oldenburg, A. Dunant, I. Chen, R. Salvioni, J.T. Hartmann, M. De Santis, G. Daugaard, A. Flechon, U. de Giorgi, S. Tjulandin, H.J. Schmoll, J. Bouzy, S.D. Fossa, G. Fromont
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Spotlight on Inflammation in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Gabriele Grunig, Nedim Durmus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Two articles in this issue of the Journal, by Kumar and colleagues (pp. 998–1008) (1) and Le Hiress and colleagues (pp. 983–997) (2), provide new insights on how inflammatory processes can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The articles focus on the injury response in the pulmonary artery that causes pulmonary arterial remodeling with increased smooth muscle cells, a fibrotic response, and increases in the pulmonary artery and right ventricular systolic pressures.