tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HTLV-I screening in Britain
Authors: A Pagliuca, R Pawson, G J Mufti
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) was isolated nearly 17 years ago from a patient who had what is now called adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma. This aggressive condition responds poorly to chemotherapy, with a median survival of only a few months.1 HTLV-I is also unequivocally linked with tropical spastic paraparesis, a progressive, unremitting myelopathy for which there is no specific treatment. HTLV-I is transmitted through sexual intercourse (especially from men to women), breast feeding, sharing intravenous needles, and blood transfusion. Between 12.8% and 63.4% of people receiving blood infected with HTLV-I will seroconvert.2 3 Fresh blood products (those less than six days old) have a transmission efficiency of 80%.2

Transfusion services in Britain do not currently screen blood donors for HTLV-I. This policy is based on a low prevalence of HTLV-I among British blood donors (ranging from 1 in 19000 donors in North London to 1 in 80000 in Yorkshire), a low risk of developing the disease after infection, and a high incidence of false positive results on serological tests for HTLV-I.4 5 But new evidence should prompt a reappraisal of the policy.

HTLV-I is endemic in south west Japan, the Caribbean basin, Africa, the southern United States, and parts of South America. The virus has generally been considered to …
PLATELET FUNCTION TESTING GUIDED USE OF PRASUGREL IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH ON-CLOPIDOGREL TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY REDUCES THE RISK OF EARLY STENT THROMBOSIS
Authors: Dirk Sibbing, Katharina Mayer, Isabell Bernlochner, Tanja Morath, Juliane Jaitner, Ullrich Haase, Joerg Hausleiter, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A CORNEAL SHIELD
Authors: Alfred W. Adson
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Following division of the sensory root of the gasserian ganglion for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia, a subsequent anesthesia remains over the skin, the cornea and the conjunctiva supplied by the trigeminal nerve. This anesthesia is a sequela that the patient must accept in lieu of the excruciating pain that is associated with the disease. The anesthesia is not of any particular significance except in the cornea, where it allows the entrance of foreign bodies into the eye and the consequent abrasion of the cornea without the patient's knowledge. Injuries of this kind are extremely serious, since postoperative corneal ulcers heal slowly and often fail to respond to the usual treatment; they may result even in serious opacities of the cornea and finally in loss of vision. Hence, it is highly imperative that the patient protect the cornea, on the side operated on. For this purpose, a special corneal shield
PET Demonstration of Left Atrial Appendage in Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Left atrial appendage could be prominent in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and may be prone to thrombus formation in this pathologic cardiac clinical setting. The author presents 4 patients with F-18 FDG accumulation in the left atrial appendage on PET imaging. This pattern of mediastinal activity needs to be recognized with chest computed tomography correlation and a clinical history of chronic atrial fibrillation to avoid a false-positive diagnosis of cardiac or mediastinal high metabolic primary or secondary malignancy.
Preserved Vasodilatory Response to Nitroglycerin in Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafts
Authors: Hans Berglund, Huai Luo, Toshihiko Nishioka, Neal L. Eigler, Chong-Jin Kim, Steven W. Tabak, Robert J. Siegel
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Uncertainty exists regarding the effects of nitroglycerin on atherosclerotic segments of coronary arteries, and information on vasoreactivity of saphenous vein bypass grafts is sparse. Intravascular ultrasound enables identification of atherosclerosis in angiographically normal segments and allows continuous determination of alterations in cross-sectional lumen areas. Methods and Results Patients with documented coronary atherosclerosis were studied. Vessel morphology and lumen area at baseline and after 100 to 200 μg nitroglycerin were assessed at 10-second intervals for 60 seconds in vessel segments without angiographically apparent lesions. Coronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafts from 11 patients were compared with native coronary arteries in 16 different patients. Atherosclerosis was present in all vessel segments studied. There was a rapid increase in lumen area compared with baseline after intravascular nitroglycerin in both native coronary arteries and saphenous vein bypass grafts. Maximum lumen area dilatation was 19.6±12.2% in saphenous vein bypass grafts and 19.7±13.1% in native coronary arteries. An earlier peak response in saphenous vein bypass grafts (34.5±6.9 seconds) compared with native coronary arteries (44.7±8.5 seconds; P =.003) was found. Vessel wall area remained constant during vasodilation, but there was a significant reduction in measured wall thickness ( P =.034). Conclusions In patients with documented coronary artery disease, intravascular ultrasound reveals substantial atherosclerosis in angiographically normal vessel segments. In these vessel segments, both native coronary arteries and saphenous vein bypass grafts exhibit prompt vasodilation with the intravascular administration of nitroglycerin. The vasodilatory capacity in response to nitroglycerin seems to be preserved in transposed, denervated, and devascularized saphenous veins.
Health in the Middle East: HIV prevention is hindered in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Louise T Lambert
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Partial agonists have emerged as attractive therapeutic molecules. 2-Me-5HT and tryptamine have been defined as partial agonists of 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptors on the basis of macroscopic measurements. Because several mechanisms may limit maximal responses, we took advantage of the high-conductance form of the mouse serotonin type 3A (5-HT<sub>3</sub>A) receptor to understand their molecular actions. Individual 5-HT-bound receptors activate in long episodes of high open probability, consisting of groups of openings in quick succession. The activation pattern is similar for 2-Me-5HT only at very low concentrations since profound channel blockade takes place within the activating concentration range. In contrast, activation episodes are significantly briefer in the presence of tryptamine. Generation of a full activation scheme reveals that the fully occupied receptor overcomes transitions to closed preopen states (primed states) before opening. Reduced priming explains the partial agonism of tryptamine. In contrast, 2-Me-5HT is not a genuine partial agonist since priming is not dramatically affected and its low apparent efficacy is mainly due to channel blockade. The analysis also shows that the first priming step is the rate-limiting step and partial agonists require an increased number of priming steps for activation. Molecular docking suggests that interactions are similar for 5-HT and 2-Me-5HT but slightly different for tryptamine. Our study contributes to understanding 5-HT<sub>3</sub>A receptor activation, extends the novel concept of partial agonism within the Cys-loop family, reveals novel aspects of partial agonism, and unmasks molecular actions of classically defined partial agonists. Unraveling mechanisms underlying partial responses has implications in the design of therapeutic compounds.
Longitudinal Melanonychia of the Toenail
Authors: Charlene Lam, Grace W. Weyant, Elizabeth M. Billingsley
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Donald Varley Bateman Clive Andrew Devall Margaret Joan Godley Ursula James Rodney George Mansfield Jones James Montague Somerville Knott Nikhil Dattatraya Kotibhaskar Kookal Ramunni Krishnan George Brian Locke Krishna Kumar Sinha Rodney Julian Walsh Frederick Brian Barclay Weston
Authors: J. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (2000)
Patients are blamed unfairly for pressure on emergency departments, consumer watchdog says
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Most patients are not choosing to turn up at hospital emergency departments but are ending up there because of a GP referral or because they can’t get an appointment elsewhere, the chief executive of Healthwatch England has said.

Katherine Rake, the keynote speaker at the Human Tissue Authority’s annual event, held in London on 15 July, said, “There is a myth circulating about naughty patients not knowing where to go and misuse of A&E [accident and emergency]. If you talk to people, they are trying to do the right thing but are often quite frustrated by the system.”

Healthwatch, which represents consumers of health and social care in …
Chromosomal Location, Exon Structure, and Vascular Expression Patterns of the Human <i>PDGFC</i> and <i>PDGFD</i> Genes
Authors: Marko Uutela, Juha Laurén, Erika Bergsten, Xuri Li, Nina Horelli-Kuitunen, Ulf Eriksson, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which is a major mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis, is composed of dimers of PDGF-A and PDGF-B polypeptide chains, encoded by different genes. Here, we have analyzed the chromosomal localization, structure, and expression of 2 newly identified human genes of the PDGF family, called PDGFC and PDGFD . Methods and Results —We used fluorescence in situ hybridization to locate PDGFC and PDGFD in chromosomes 4q32 and 11q22.3 to 23.2, respectively. Exon structures of PDGFC and PDGFD were determined by sequencing from genomic DNA clones. The coding region of PDGFC consists of 6 and PDGFD of 7 exons, of which the last 2 encode the C-terminal PDGF cystine knot growth factor homology domain. An N-terminal CUB domain is encoded by exons 2 and 3 of both genes, and a region of proteolytic cleavage involved in releasing and activating the growth factor domain is located in exon 4 in PDGFC and exon 5 in PDGFD . PDGF-C was expressed predominantly in smooth muscle cells and PDGF-D in fibroblastic adventitial cells, and both genes were active in cultured endothelial cells and in a variety of tumor cell lines. Both PDGF-C and PDGF-D also stimulated human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Conclusions — PDGFC and PDGFD have similar genomic structures, which resemble those of the PDGFA and PDGFB genes. Their expression in the arterial wall and cultured vascular cells suggests that they can transduce proliferation/migration signals to pericytes and smooth muscle cells.
Neoliberal economic policies "wreak havoc" on people's health, says new UK health movement
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two cases of brain stem stroke involving the upper pons and the ponto-mesencephalic junction presented with transient excessive pathological yawning, associated with gait ataxia and in one subject with upper limb and facial hemiparesis. A causal relation is hypothesised between the brain stem lesion and pathological yawning, possibly related to denervation hypersensitivity of a putative brain stem yawn centre. Excessive yawning may herald brain stem ischaemia.
NHS too target driven
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Political interference and obsession with target setting are the biggest threats to the NHS achieving long term health quality improvements, warns a report due to be published later this month.

But the report, which analyses the mid-term achievements of the government's 10 year initiative on quality, will conclude that the long term health improvement goals, outlined in the NHS Plan in July 2000, will be met if these issues are tackled.

The 300 page report, Quest for Quality, to be published on 27 November, has been written …
Charcot-like Arthropathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Donato Alarcón-Segovia
Journal: JAMA (1965)

PAIN is a necessary evil, a mechanism for protection against dangers that surround us. Congenital inability to perceive pain may lead to such serious corporal damage as multiple skeletal deformities and Charcot's joints.<sup>1</sup>Intra-articular injections of corticoids may produce, at least temporarily, a relatively painless joint even in serious rheumatoid involvement. Abuse of joints thus rendered painless could cause articular damage more severe than that expected in the natural course of the disease. Recently, we have observed a patient in whom rheumatoid arthritis, stoicism, repeated intraarticular injections of hydrocortisone, and excessive weight-bearing activity resulted in articular destruction of the type seen in Charcot's arthropathy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 47-year-old housewife was seen at our clinic initially in 1950. She had had swollen, hot, tender knees for two months when she was 15 years old. In 1942, pain, stiffness, and swelling of the proximal interphalangeal joints of both hands
The tobacco industry is terrified of plain packs
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Snowdon’s report on plain packaging for the Adam Smith Institute is clearly a melange of spurious rubbish.1 But is it spurious rubbish funded by big tobacco? Snowdon’s website once had a (now removed) notice saying he was not tobacco industry funded (http://twitpic.com/8mqgbw). The report says nothing about its funding. However, when questioned about the independence of his report on Radio 4’s Today programme …
Serum Haptoglobins in Hepatobiliary Disease
Authors: J. A. Owen, I. R. Mackay, C. Got
Journal: BMJ (1959)

evidence in this differentiation, although the usefulness of this test has been disputed (Milne, 1951 ; Dent, 1953 MacGregor and Whitehead, 1954).Of great interest, however, is the finding in our case of normal or high levels of calcium excretion in the urine.Reviews of published cases of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (Lachmann, 1941; Steinberg and Waldron, 1952) are reticent on the matter of urinary calcium content.The records of most cases contain bare statements that the Sulkowitch test was either " negative " or "faintly positive "-findings which, according to Albright and Reifenstein (1948), indicate blood calcium levels of "below 7.5 mg. per 100 ml."They further admit, however, that certain individuals apparently have a low renal threshold for calcium excretion, and mention, without further details, three patients with hypopara- thyroidism who excreted large amounts of calcium in the urine at low levels of serum calcium.It would appear preferable, where possible, in further studies of cases of hypoparathyroidism to substitute for the Sulkowitch test the more precise assay of daily calcium excretion.It does not seem to us adequate to regulate the calciferol dosage by the Sulkowitch test without periodic checks upon the serum calcium level.In our own case the absence of other urinary abnormality, together with the increase in urinary calcium excretion parallel with elevation of the serum calcium, suggests an abnormality of renal threshold for calcium, an "idiopathic hypercalciuria."There is no evidence of osteoporosis, and the radiological abnormalities typical of hypoparathyroidism suggest that the hypercalciuria is no more than an incidental unassociated abnormality. SummaryA case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism presenting with epilepsy is described.Restoration of normal serum levels of calcium and phosphate was achieved with calciferol in high dosage.The unusual finding of a high normal daily calcium excretion in the urine before treatment is discussed.Our thanks are due to Mr. W. M. Nichols for permission to publish this case and for his continued
A Study of Coronary Heart Disease in Young Men
Authors: FREDERICK T. HATCH, PENTTI K. REISSELL, THEO. M. W. POON-KING, GEORGE P. CANELLOS, ROBERT S. LEES, LILLIAN M. HAGOPIAN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

To study metabolic factors in the genesis of coronary heart disease in previously healthy young adults, 24 men (aged 23 to 49 years) who had recovered from proven myocardial infarction were compared with an age-matched series of 20 healthy subjects-10 business and professional men and 10 prisoners. Both series averaged 10% above ideal body weight. The patients were shorter, were heavier smokers, and had a high familial incidence (70%) of coronary heart disease. The controls had more familial diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance tests without and with cortisone showed higher peak blood sugar levels and delayed return in the patients. Four patients were found to have fasting serum triglycerides above 300 mg% and were placed in a separate category of essential hyperlipidemia. In the remaining 20 patients, serum cholesterol and triglycerides in combination were higher than in the controls, together with elevation of pre-β-lipoproteins. α 1 -Lipoprotein was decreased. Mean postheparin lipolytic activity was slightly less in the patients-in the lower part of the normal range. In the combined series of patients and control subjects, the relative body weight showed significant correlations-directly with the 1-hour blood sugar level in the glucose tolerance test and with the fasting serum triglyceride level, and inversely with the α 1 -lipoprotein. The relative body weight did not show a significant correlation with the serum cholesterol level. A set of 10 characteristics and biochemical variables, referred to in preceding paragraphs, was found to discriminate well between the patients and their controls. The total incidence of abnormal findings was high among the patients (mean, 4.9 per man) and low among the controls (mean, 1.9 per man), but the positive items were grouped in many different ways in individuals. Analysis of the data suggests that over-nutrition and heavy smoking interact with hereditary factors in certain individuals to accelerate the progress of coronary atherosclerosis. Since individuals who exhibit many of the criteria indicative of increased risk are not uncommon in our population, their identification as candidates for coronary heart disease early in life is a significant public health problem.
FDG Uptake in Fat Necrosis Following Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous (TRAM) Flap Reconstructed Breasts
Authors: Ye Young Seo, Ie Ryung Yoo, Joo Hyun O, Sung Hoon Kim, Soo Kyo Chung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We describe 3 cases of fat necrosis with increased FDG uptake in patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy and then transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction. PET/CT performed for restaging showed focal FDG uptake in the reconstructed breast. The FDG uptake corresponded to irregular fibrotic nodular lesions containing fat density or calcification in accompanying CT images. Subsequent ultrasound examination demonstrated ill-defined echogenic lesions with internal hypoechoic components. Fat tissue rich flap used for breast reconstruction may be injured by surgical manipulation. Abnormal FDG uptake in this setting is most likely due to fat necrosis, rather than recurrent tumor.
Understanding and Improving Clinical Trial Outcome Measures in Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Dale M. Needham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Understanding and Improving Clinical Trial Outcome Measures in Acute Respiratory FailureThe critical care community conducts significant research, with over 850 trials in the National Institutes of Health registry (1).To facilitate the synthesis and interpretation of findings across these studies, and effectively and efficiently advance clinical research toward improved patient outcomes, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) must be performed using valid and comparable outcome measures. The Call for Standardization of Outcome Measures in RCTsRCTs demonstrate substantial variability in outcome measures across many different clinical specialties (2).Within critical care medicine, there has been relatively little critical evaluation of outcome measures used in clinical research.This finding has led to recommendations from a number of national and international groups, including Roundtable conferences (1, 3), two workshops of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (4, 5), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (6), and the Multisociety Task Force for Critical Care Research (7).These recommendations call for researchers to critically evaluate outcome measures, and use valid, appropriate, standardized measures across studies.
The problem of valve prosthesis-patient mismatch.
Authors: S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Valve prostheses have played an important part in the past two decades in the management of patients with valvular heart disease. However, many of the devices used in valve replacement have introduced new clinical problems. This paper deals with some of the problems associated with valve replacement, including one not previously emphasized--valve prosthesis-patient mismatch, which may cause obstruction to ventricular outflow and/or inflow.
Acid hydrolases in blister fluid.
Authors: GUNNAR VOLDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Large, dose-related increases have been demonstrated in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases in the fluid of experimental suction blisters raised on skin previously irradiated with UVR-B. These increases appear after a latent period of 11--18 h, and the pattern of changes shows an extremely good correlation with the hydrolase profile of epidermis. These observations offer strong support for the concept that lysosomes participated in the sequence of events following UV irradiation, but seem to rule out the lysosome as the initial target for UVR.