tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost effectiveness analysis of including boys in a human papillomavirus vaccination programme in the United States
Authors: J. J Kim, S. J Goldie
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the cost effectiveness of including preadolescent boys in a routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme for preadolescent girls. <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness analysis from the societal perspective. <b>Setting</b> United States. <b>Population</b> Girls and boys aged 12 years. <b>Interventions</b> HPV vaccination of girls alone and of girls and boys in the context of screening for cervical cancer. <b>Main outcome measure </b>Incremental cost effectiveness ratios, expressed as cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. <b>Results </b>With 75% vaccination coverage and an assumption of complete, lifelong vaccine efficacy, routine HPV vaccination of 12 year old girls was consistently less than $50 000 per QALY gained compared with screening alone. Including preadolescent boys in a routine vaccination programme for preadolescent girls resulted in higher costs and benefits and generally had cost effectiveness ratios that exceeded $100 000 per QALY across a range of HPV related outcomes, scenarios for cervical cancer screening, and assumptions of vaccine efficacy and duration. Vaccinating both girls and boys fell below a willingness to pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY only under scenarios of high, lifelong vaccine efficacy against all HPV related diseases (including other non-cervical cancers and genital warts), or scenarios of lower efficacy with lower coverage or lower vaccine costs. <b>Conclusions</b> Given currently available information, including boys in an HPV vaccination programme generally exceeds conventional thresholds of good value for money, even under favourable conditions of vaccine protection and health benefits. Uncertainty still exists in many areas that can either strengthen or attenuate our findings. As new information emerges, assumptions and analyses will need to be iteratively revised to continue to inform policies for HPV vaccination.
Results of a controlled clinical trial of glutathione in cases of hepatic cirrhosis.
Authors: G C Cook, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Oral glutathione was not of any demonstrable benefit to patients with hepatic cirrhosis.It was carefully studied because it is known to assist detoxication processes of exogenous substances but its role with endogenous metabolites has received little attention. PATIENTS STUDIED AND ORGANIZATION OF THE CLINICAL TRIALThe clinical trial was arranged in two separate parts.In the first part, 20 cirrhotic patients were divided by a double blind technique into two equal groups (Table I).The 10 'control' patients received two placebo tablets three times daily for 28 days.There were five males and five females in this group, and the mean age was 44 years (16-58 years).The diagnoses, established in all cases by percutaneous liver biopsy, were: active 'juvenile' cirrhosis (Read, Sherlock, and Harrison, 1963) (active chronic hepatitis) (3), post-necrotic (4), primary biliary 472 on August 22, 2023 by guest.
Phenytoin reduces calcium current in the cardiac Purkinje fiber.
Authors: T Scheuer, R S Kass
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

We have investigated the effects of phenytoin on the electrical and mechanical activity of isolated calf and dog cardiac Purkinje fibers. Phenytoin (5-100 microM) lowers and shortens the plateau phase of the Purkinje fiber action potential and reduces twitch tension. We studied the ionic basis of these effects by combining a conventional two-microelectrode voltage clamp procedure with pharmacological techniques that allow separation of time-dependent plateau membrane currents. We find that phenytoin reduces voltage-dependent calcium current in the Purkinje fiber. In addition, this drug slightly reduces two time-dependent outward currents. These effects of phenytoin on membrane current account, at least in part, for its influence on the action potential and twitch tension.
1049-113 Prospective study in search of an optimal B-type natriuretic peptide level to screen patients for cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Meenakshi A Bhalla, Vikas Bhalla, Dunya Atisha, L.Katherine Morrison, Leda Felicio, Paul Clopton, Nancy Gardetto, Radmila Kazanegra, Albert Chiu, Alan S Maisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Integrated genomic analysis identifies recurrent mutations and evolution patterns driving the initiation and progression of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Jessica Okosun, Csaba Bödör, Jun Wang, Shamzah Araf, Cheng-Yuan Yang, Chenyi Pan, Sören Boller, Davide Cittaro, Monika Bozek, Sameena Iqbal, Janet Matthews, David Wrench, Jacek Marzec, Kiran Tawana, Nikolay Popov, Ciaran O'Riain, Derville O'Shea, Emanuela Carlotti, Andrew Davies, Charles H Lawrie, András Matolcsy, Maria Calaminici, Andrew Norton, Richard J Byers, Charles Mein, Elia Stupka, T Andrew Lister, Georg Lenz, Silvia Montoto, John G Gribben, Yuhong Fan, Rudolf Grosschedl, Claude Chelala, Jude Fitzgibbon
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Rapid Method for Detection of Barbiturates in Urine and Stomach Contents
Authors: R. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Hop dermatitis in Herefordshire was studied during the 1952 picking season, which was regarded as a light season for dermatitis.Accurate estimation of the incidence of dermatitis was impossible, but it was thought that most of the severe cases were seen.The incidence of this type of case in Herefordshire in 1952 was found to be about 1 case in 3,000 pickers.Daily observations of 450 pickers showed a much higher incidence of mild dermatitis: approximately 1 in 30 of these pickers developed some type of dermatitis.
The influence of heart valve leaflet matrix characteristics on the interaction between human mesenchymal stem cells and decellularized scaffolds
Authors: Laura Iop, Vera Renier, Filippo Naso, Martina Piccoli, Antonella Bonetti, Alessandro Gandaglia, Michela Pozzobon, Adolfo Paolin, Fulvia Ortolani, Maurizio Marchini, Michele Spina, Paolo De Coppi, Saverio Sartore, Gino Gerosa
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Combined Angiography and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography for Assessing Systemic-to-Pulmonary Collaterals in Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Emmanuel Le Bret, Loïc Macé, Patrice Dervanian, Thierry Folliguet, Armand Bourriez, Joy Zoghby, Virginie Lambert, Jean Losay, Yves Martin-Bouyer, Jean Yves Neveux
Journal: Circulation (1998)

A 12-month-old child was evaluated for pulmonary atre- sia with ventricular septal defect.Assessment of the whole arterial pulmonary arborization was first done by angiography.This examination revealed that the left lung received vascularization by the native pulmonary artery via a central shunt performed during the neonatal period and by 2 aortopulmonary collateral arteries.The positions of these 2 arteries and their spatial relationship with the left bronchus were clearly visualized before unifocalization by 3-dimensional CT.
Immunological studies in tropical splenomegaly syndrome in Uganda
Authors: J. L. Ziegler, M. H. Cohen, M. S. R. Hutt
Journal: BMJ (1969)

An immunological evaluation carried out in eight patients with the tropical splenomegaly syndrome showed no evidence of impairment in cellular or humoral immunity, though raised levels of macroglobulins were noted in four patients. Hence gross immunological deficiency cannot be associated with the intense lymphoreticular proliferation observed in this disorder.
63 Peginteferon α-2A (40KD) enhances HCV specific T-cell responses by restoration of allostimulatory function of dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: S KAMAL, Q HE, J FEHR, A ISMAIL, B ROESSLER, M MASSOUD, J RASENACK
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We evaluated vaginal defensin concentrations and levels of bacterial vaginosis–associated bacterial species in pregnant women.Self-collected vaginal swabs from 2 visits during pregnancy were tested with quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 9 bacterial species. Beta defensins 2-3 and alpha defensins 1-3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Our 126 participants were primarily African American (60%), had a mean gestational age at enrollment of 10 ± 3 weeks and at follow-up visit of 25 ± 6 weeks. At enrollment, the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 74% (94/126 women), which decreased to 60% (75/126 specimens) at follow-up visit. At enrollment, beta defensin 3 concentrations were significantly lower in women with bacterial vaginosis (2.64 ± 0.91 vs 3.25 ± 0.99 log10 pg/mL; P = .003). Higher concentrations of Atopobium vaginae, bacterial vaginosis–associated bacteria1 and 2 were associated with significantly lower concentrations of beta defensin 3 (P < .01).Bacterial vaginosis was associated with lower vaginal concentrations of beta defensin 3, but not beta defensin 2 or alpha defensins 1-3, in pregnant women.
Researchers Study Health Effects of Environmental Change
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiac and Thromboembolic Morbidity Among Postmenopausal Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer in a Randomized Trial of Adjuvant Tamoxifen
Authors: L. E. Rutqvist
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Tamoxifen, which binds to estrogen receptors, is widely used as adjuvant therapy after surgery for early-stage breast cancer. Our previous randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer showed a significant decrease of new, contralateral breast cancers in patients who received tamoxifen. Tamoxifen may also influence risk factors for cardiac and thromboembolic disease (e.g., serum cholesterol and antithrombin III).The purpose of this study was to assess morbidity from cardiac and thromboembolic disease among 2365 postmenopausal patients with early-stage breast cancer in the Stockholm randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen (40 mg daily for 2 or 5 years) versus no adjuvant endocrine therapy. Patients were entered in the study from November 1976 through December 1988.In our retrospective study, the analysis of morbidity was based on data from a computerized, population-based register of hospital admissions and discharge diagnoses. Mortality data were obtained from the Swedish National Central Bureau of Statistics. In the Stockholm study, treatment with tamoxifen was initiated within 4-6 weeks of modified radical mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery including axillary lymph node dissection and postoperative radiation therapy to the breast. In that randomized trial, 755 patients at low risk of death from breast cancer received adjuvant tamoxifen only; 760 received no treatment. In addition, 628 high-risk patients were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy plus tamoxifen (173 patients) or postoperative radiotherapy plus tamoxifen (151) or, as a control, to receive chemotherapy (171) or postoperative radiation therapy (133), both without tamoxifen or other endocrine therapy. Median follow-up was 6 years.Tamoxifen therapy resulted in a statistically significant reduced incidence of hospital admissions due to cardiac disease. The relative hazard (tamoxifen for 2 or 5 years versus control) was 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-0.97; P = .03). In the randomized comparison of 5 versus 2 years of tamoxifen, there was a statistically significant difference favoring the longer treatment (relative hazard = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.15-0.92; P = .03). There was little difference between the tamoxifen and control groups in terms of admissions due to thromboembolic disease.These findings suggest that long-term adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen may result in substantial reduction of cardiac morbidity in patients with low risk of death from breast cancer as well as in women in chemopreventive studies who have high risk of developing breast cancer.Our results support continuation of ongoing trials of tamoxifen therapy in these two groups of subjects.
Centers to Weave Addiction Treatment Into Medical Education
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary function in children with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: I Cerveri, F Fanfulla, A Ravelli, M C Zoia, B Ramenghi, L Spagnolatti, I Villa, A Martini
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of pulmonary function have been found in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) even in the absence of clinical or radiographic evidence of pulmonary involvement. It is unknown whether these abnormalities represent an early sign of progressive lung disease or whether they are associated with disease activity. METHODS: After a mean of 4.5 years, respiratory function (forced vital capacity (FVC) and single breath gas transfer factor (TLCO)) and disease activity were reexamined in 13 of 15 previously studied children with SLE. Disease activity was assessed by a validated index of SLE activity (SLE activity measure (SLAM)). RESULTS: In spite of the high prevalence of abnormalities of respiratory function at the baseline investigation, no chest radiographic abnormalities or overt clinical signs of lung disease were found at baseline, in the interval between the two investigations, or at the re-evaluation in any patient. From baseline to the second investigation the mean value of SLAM decreased and there was a trend toward an improvement in FVC and TLCO. TLCO was more severely impaired than FVC, being found as an isolated abnormality in a high percentage of patients (45% at baseline and 35% at follow up). There was a relationship between baseline TLCO and disease activity, expressed as a SLAM score. Moreover, there was a correlation between the changes in the SLAM score from baseline to the second investigation and the corresponding changes in the TLCO value, but not with the corresponding changes in the FVC value. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of patients the decrease in SLE activity from the first to the second investigation was associated with an improvement in pulmonary function. The presence of early isolated functional abnormalities was not associated with subsequent development of lung disease.
Markov model projection of remission status for early versus delayed step-up adalimumab use in moderate to severe crohn's disease
Authors: E. V. Loftus, J. Chao, M. Yang, P. F. Pollack, Z. Li, R. B. Thakkar, P. M. Mulani
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> No randomised clinical trials have compared early treatment with anti-TNF agents and conventional delayed step-up treatment for patients with moderate to severe Crohn9s disease (CD). The goal of this study was to project remission rates in patients with moderate to severe CD with early versus delayed step-up use of adalimumab (ADA) using a Markov model. <h3>Methods</h3> The Markov model considered 4 states: remission, no remission but response, no remission and no response, and discontinuation. Each treatment cycle was 4 weeks. In the early treatment arm, patients with shorter disease duration (onset ≤2 years) would start ADA without prior use of immunomodulators (IMMs). In the step-up treatment arm, patients with longer disease duration (onset &gt;2 years) would be treated with IMMs before switching to ADA owing to lack of response for 2 consecutive months. Transitional probabilities for patients on ADA were estimated using a multinomial logistic model using data from the CHARM trial,1 specifically the treatment arm of ADA 40 mg every other week. Transitional probabilities for patients on IMM treatment in the step-up treatment arm were derived from literature.2 One-year remission rates with early and step-up use of ADA were projected with the estimated transitional probabilities. <h3>Results</h3> The multinomial logistic model estimated that patients in the early ADA treatment arm had a higher probability of transitioning from moderate/severe disease to remission during the induction cycle (weeks 0–4) than did patients in the step-up arm (54.8% vs 30.4%, p=0.0106). After achieving remission, early use patients had a higher probability of staying in remission than did step-up patients (91.5% vs 78.2%, p&lt;0.0001). Using the estimated transitional probabilities, the Markov model projected early use patients to have a remission rate of 46.2% at the end of 1 year, with cumulative time in remission of 0.57 years. For step-up patients, the model projected a remission rate of 37.5% at the end of 1 year, with cumulative time in remission of 0.36 years. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Early initiation with ADA was projected in a 1-year Markov model to result in higher remission rates and longer time in remission than delayed step-up therapy.
Prevention of Rh-haemolytic Disease: Results of the Liverpool "Low-risk" Clinical Trial
Authors: J. C. Woodrow, C. A. Clarke, R. B. McConnell, S. H. Towers, W. T. A. Donohoe
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A clinical trial is reported in which Rh-negative primiparae, just delivered of an Rh-positive ABO-compatible infant and in whom fetal cell counts after delivery suggested less than 0·2 ml of circulating fetal blood, were treated with about 200 μg of anti-D gammaglobulin. Three (0·36%) out of 844 women thus treated developed anti-D in the subsequent six months; this is 10% of the incidence in untreated controls. Three (1·8%) out of 171 treated mothers had anti-D at the end of the second Rh-positive pregnancy, and this is 18% of the incidence in controls. Possible reasons for the occasional failure of the treatment are discussed and the results of this trial are compared with those of a previous trial in which 1,000 μg or more of anti-D was given to a different group of mothers. The combined results of the two trials lead to the conclusion that the passive administration of anti-D gammaglobulin after delivery affords in this population of Rh-negative women a 95% protection rate in the postdelivery period and an 89% protection rate by the end of the subsequent pregnancy.
Access controls on bmj.com: List of countries with free access seems incomplete
Authors: Aijaz Mohammad
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—As a BMA member based in Scotland, I am not directly affected by the recent changes in access to bmj.com.1 However, while expressing gratitude at the number of countries to which the BMJ has granted free access (including those benefiting from the charitable gesture in the wake of the tsunami), I note that the list is taken directly from the World Health Organization's Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI, www.healthinternetwork.org) project for free library resources in poor countries.

If the BMA really wished to make a difference in poor countries it needs to know which countries really are poorest—gross national product per head and gross national income per head are reasonable methods of estimating this. Would it not, therefore, make most sense to look to the data held by international or economic institutions, rather than that held by health organisations?

The World Bank might suffice as an appropriate authority on the level of poverty of individual countries. According to its data,2,3 many countries not included by HINARI ought to be classed as low income, such as India and Pakistan (with a gross national income of $530 and $460 per head, respectively).

If the BMJ wishes to continue to be seen as a caring establishment, it should perhaps rectify this oversight.
Radioimmunoassay of human arginine-rich apolipoprotein, apoprotein E. Concentration in blood plasma and lipoproteins as affected by apoprotein E-3 deficiency.
Authors: R J Havel, L Kotite, J L Vigne, J P Kane, P Tun, N Phillips, G C Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

A radioimmunoassay for apolipoprotein E in human blood serum has been developed that measures equally the major polymorphic species of the protein (apolipoproteins E-1, E-2, E-3, and E-4) and the apo E in the dimer of apolipoproteins E and A-II. The assay is specific and yields values for apolipoprotein E in very low density lipoproteins that agree closely with those obtained by a quantitative electrophoretic method. Apolipoprotein E is also present in at least one species of high density lipoprotein, but the content of apolipoprotein E in the lipoprotein fractions of plasma is uncertain owing to dissociation during ultracentrifugation. The concentration of apolipoprotein E is higher in serum of normolipidemic, premenopausal women than in men of comparable age and is a direct function of the serum triglyceride level. Apolipoprotein E levels are increased out of proportion to triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (homozygotes for lack of apolipoprotein E-3). Heterozygous relatives of homozygotes have significantly higher apolipoprotein E levels in serum than unaffected relatives. The concentration of partially degraded (remnant) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins also appears to be increased in heterozygotes, who comprise about 15% of the population.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ADJUSTED-DOSE EPTIFIBATIDE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES AND REDUCED RENAL FUNCTION
Authors: Chiara Melloni, Stefan K. James, Jennifer A. White, Robert P. Giugliano, Robert A. Harrington, Kurt Huber, Paul W. Armstrong, Robert M. Califf, Frans Van de Werf, Gilles Montalescot, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)