tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measurements of ECP in serum and the impact of plasma coagulation
Authors: A. Björk, P. Venge, C. G. B. Peterson
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Serum measurement of ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) is used as an indication of eosinophil activation in diseases such as asthma. The levels are dependent on sample handling, since a certain amount of ECP is released during storage. The mechanisms that induce this in vitro release are not known, but are supposed to be related to the coagulation process. The aim of this study was to investigate this further. ECP was measured in EDTA plasma and serum at 22 and 37°C from healthy individuals and patients with asthma and allergy. The serum levels of ECP increased with temperature. Recalcification of citrated plasma in the presence of granulocytes with increasing concentrations of Ca 2+ showed a dissociation between the levels of ECP and the occurrence of coagulation. Further experiments indicated that plasma coagulation is not of any importance for the degranulation of eosinophils, nor did the addition of platelets or mononuclear cells affect the ECP levels. Incubations of granulocytes with fresh or frozen plasma and Ca 2+ suggested the existence of a freezing labile factor in plasma, necessary for the degranulation of healthy eosinophils, but not for allergic/asthmatic eosinophils. Further experiments with pure eosinophils indicated the existence of factors in serum and plasma which facilitate ECP secretion of an active, temperature‐dependent nature. We conclude that the raised ECP levels in serum, as compared to EDTA plasma, are unrelated to the coagulation process, but are due to the continuous secretion ex vivo of ECP from active eosinophils. This process is time and temperature dependent and may be facilitated by eosinophil‐activating components in the extracellular environment.
Serum Glutathione in Adolescent Males Predicts Parental Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: John A. Morrison, Donald W. Jacobsen, Dennis L. Sprecher, Killian Robinson, Philip Khoury, Stephen R. Daniels
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Traditional risk factors account for only half of the morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD). There is substantial evidence that oxidative injury plays a major role in the atherosclerotic process. Thus, antioxidants may protect against development of atherosclerosis. Glutathione, an intracellular tripeptide with antioxidant properties, may be protective. Methods and Results —This case-control study compared total serum glutathione (tGSH) in 81 adolescent male offspring of parents with premature CHD (ie, before 56 years of age) and 78 control male offspring of parents without known or suspected CHD. Case offspring had significantly lower tGSH than control offspring. In multiple logistic regression with parental CHD status as the dependent variable, age entered as a covariate, and other CHD risk factors competing to enter the model as significant independent predictor variables, LDL cholesterol (odds ratio [OR], 2.15 [units=1.5 SD]; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.82), tGSH (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.71), HDL cholesterol (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.78), and total serum homocysteine (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.35 to 5.02) entered the model as significant predictors of parental CHD status. Conclusions —Low tGSH in adolescent boys is a significant independent predictor of parental CHD, in addition to elevated LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated total serum homocysteine concentrations.
HbA1c Variability as an Independent Correlate of Nephropathy, but Not Retinopathy, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Giuseppe Penno, Anna Solini, Enzo Bonora, Cecilia Fondelli, Emanuela Orsi, Gianpaolo Zerbini, Susanna Morano, Franco Cavalot, Olga Lamacchia, Luigi Laviola, Antonio Nicolucci, Giuseppe Pugliese
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To examine the association of hemoglobin (Hb) A1c variability with microvascular complications in the large cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study.Serial (3-5) HbA1c values collected in a 2-year period before enrollment were available from 8,260 subjects from 9 centers (of 15,773 patients from 19 centers). HbA1c variability was measured as the intraindividual SD of 4.52 ± 0.76 values. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was assessed by dilated funduscopy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined based on albuminuria, as measured by immunonephelometry or immunoturbidimetry, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine.Median and interquartile range of average HbA1c (HbA1c-MEAN) and HbA1c-SD were 7.57% (6.86-8.38) and 0.46% (0.29-0.74), respectively. The highest prevalence of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, reduced eGFR, albuminuric CKD phenotypes, and advanced DR was observed when both HbA1c parameters were above the median and the lowest when both were below the median. Logistic regression analyses showed that HbA1c-SD adds to HbA1c-MEAN as an independent correlate of microalbuminuria and stages 1-2 CKD and is an independent predictor of macroalbuminuria, reduced eGFR, and stages 3-5 albuminuric CKD, whereas HbA1c-MEAN is not. The opposite was found for DR, whereas neither HbA1c-MEAN nor HbA1c-SD affected nonalbuminuric CKD.In patients with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c variability affects (albuminuric) CKD more than average HbA1c, whereas only the latter parameter affects DR, thus suggesting a variable effect of these measures on microvascular complications.
The Medical Directive-Reply
Authors: Linda L. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  We welcome the endorsement that the Medical Directive nicely summarizes the important clinical and therapeutic possibilities that may occur in the terminal care scenario from representatives of the Society for the Right to Die.  Regarding Ms Nobel and Dr Ahronheim's claim that the Medical Directive will not address the problem of underuse of advance care documents, we contend that the Medical Directive offers a better document that will raise interest and confidence and, thereby, use of such directives. Furthermore, in our article, we urge physicians to discuss the Medical Directive with patients during an office visit. We also suggest that Medicare and health insurance companies provide a one-time reimbursement to physicians for each patient with whom the physician discusses the Medical Directive.  Finally, Ms Nobel and Dr Ahronheim should not confuse the issue regarding the legality of the Medical Directive. Use of the Medical Directive wouldnotrequire
Pyruvate and lactate excretion in diabetes mellitus after sodium lactate.
Authors: J. Anderson, W. D. Thomas, R. W. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Anderson and Marks (1962) showed that the reabsorption of pyruvate in the kidney tubules of normal subjects is nearly complete.In diabetics, while the plasma concentration of pyruvate may be twice that of normal subjects, the urinary
Choleresis in Hyperacidity and Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Francis W. Palfrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE following brief discussion is a statement of an item of unfinished business that I believe deserves to be recalled to attention. I realize that it is old rather than new material, but it is my conviction that its revival will enable family physicians to give relief to innumerable patients.The synthesis and secretion of inorganic hydrochloric acid by the stomach is a unique process in physiology. Normally, hydrochloric acid with pepsin institutes the digestion of proteins in the stomach, and the acid product is passed through the pylorus into the duodenum, where it is promptly neutralized. Normally this occurs . . .
Dying and Death in Law and Medicine: A Forensic Primer for Health and Legal Professionals
Authors: Gerald F. Tremblay
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Most of us—1.25 million each year— die in hospitals. Despite the medical setting, the problems surrounding the process of dying and death are often legal. The dying process, for example, involves issues of personal autonomy and informed consent. The determination of death is usually defined by statute. The disposition of dead bodies and valuable organs is likewise governed by specific laws. Even the rare doctor who is able to avoid death issues in professional practice will ultimately have to confront them in personal life. Thoughtfulness toward one's survivors requires us to at least make our wishes clear before we die or become legally incompetent. This book explains living wills and durable power of attorney and their limitations. The author of this excellent resource is director of the International Institute for the Study of Death and several other foundations and committees related to the ethical, legal, and medical problems at the
Mitochondrial DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sean M. Davidson, Derek M. Yellon
Journal: Circulation (2013)

A therosclerosis is an insidious disease that can remain undetected for decades before manifesting, sometimes lethally, in the form of a stroke or myocardial infarction.With >900 000 Americans experiencing a heart attack annually, 1 there is a strong need to develop better treatments or preventative measures, but these will necessitate a better understanding of the underlying process.Most evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is initiated by chronic endothelial injury in response to the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the vessel wall, which stimulates an inflammatory response. 2Although the involvement of elevated circulating lipids and oxidative stress are well recognized in this process (Figure), critical questions remain.These include the question of what causes the atherosclerotic plaque to worsen progressively rather than to resolve, and what causes relatively innocuous, stable plaques to transform into unstable, vulnerable plaques, which are liable to rupture and lead to thrombus formation.
Increased uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in postischemic myocardium of patients with exercise-induced angina.
Authors: P Camici, L I Araujo, T Spinks, A A Lammertsma, J C Kaski, M J Shea, A P Selwyn, T Jones, A Maseri
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Regional myocardial perfusion and exogenous glucose uptake were assessed with rubidium-82 (82Rb) and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) in 10 normal volunteers and 12 patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris by means of positron emission tomography. In patients at rest, the myocardial uptake of 82Rb and FDG did not differ significantly from that measured in normal subjects. The exercise test performed within the positron camera in eight patients produced typical chest pain and ischemic electrocardiographic changes in all. In each of the eight patients a region of reduced cation uptake was demonstrated in the 82Rb scan recorded at peak exercise, after which uptake of 82Rb returned to the control value 5 to 14 min after the end of the exercise. In these patients, FDG was injected in the recovery phase when all the variables that were altered during exercise, including regional myocardial 82Rb uptake, had returned to control values. In all but one patient, FDG accumulation in the regions of reduced 82Rb uptake during exercise was significantly higher than that in the nonischemic regions, i.e., the ones with a normal increment of 82Rb uptake on exercise. In the nonischemic areas, FDG uptake was not significantly different from that found in normal subjects after exercise. In conclusion, myocardial glucose transport and phosphorylation seem to be enhanced in the postischemic myocardium of patients with exercise-induced ischemia.
Sulphaemoglobinaemia
Authors: T. B. Begg
Journal: BMJ (1955)

DIBARLOURNAL 701 apparatus, or patients' refusal to avail themselves of surgery.Finally, no death occurred in this group other than among those treated conservatively because of some serious inci- dental conditiont.Summary The total incidence of fractures of the femoral neck during two years is analysed.The inevitable increase in incidence, which is applic- able generally, is calculated.Additional staff and accommodation will probably be required for this contingency.The suggested segregation of female patients is dis- cussed.Problems in treatment and disposal are outlined.I am indebted to Mr. I. S. Smillie, surgeon in charge, Eastern
Interferon-Regulatory Factor 4 Is Essential for the Developmental Program of T Helper 9 Cells
Authors: Valérie Staudt, Evita Bothur, Matthias Klein, Karen Lingnau, Sebastian Reuter, Nadine Grebe, Bastian Gerlitzki, Markus Hoffmann, Alexander Ulges, Christian Taube, Nina Dehzad, Marc Becker, Michael Stassen, Andrea Steinborn, Michael Lohoff, Hansjörg Schild, Edgar Schmitt, Tobias Bopp
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Bacteria and Safety of the Blood Supply
Authors: Matthew J. Kuehnert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 July 1998Bacteria and Safety of the Blood SupplyMatthew J. Kuehnert, MD and William R. Jarvis, MDMatthew J. Kuehnert, MDCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this author and William R. Jarvis, MDCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Although the article by AuBuchon and associates [1] nicely reviews the risk for viral transmission through the U.S. blood supply, it does not discuss the risks for bacterial transmission and the efforts associated with surveillance for and detection of bacterial pathogens. Transfusion-associated bacterial disease, a condition with rapid onset of illness and a high mortality rate, remains a serious problem that has not been adequately evaluated. Reports of sepsis and death after transfusion of blood products contaminated by bacteria, particularly Yersinia enterocolitica, have been increasing [2, 3]. During 1986 to 1991, 16% (29 of 182) of all ...References1. AuBuchon JP, Birkmeyer JD, Busch MP. Safety of the blood supply in the United States: opportunities and controversies. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:904-9. Google Scholar2. Red blood cell transfusions contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica-United States, 1991-1996, and initiation of a national study to detect bacteria-associated transfusion reactions. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997; 46:553-5. Google Scholar3. Kuehnert MJ, Jarvis WR, Schaffer DA, Chaffin DJ. Platelet transfusion reaction due to Yersinia enterocolitica [Letter]. JAMA. 1997; 278:550. Google Scholar4. Hoppe PA. Interim measures for detection of bacterially contaminated red cell components [Editorial]. Transfusion. 1992; 32:199-201. Google Scholar5. Zaza S, Tokars JI, Yomtovian R, Hirschler NV, Jacobs MR, Lazarus HM, et al. Bacterial contamination of platelets at a university hospital: increased identification due to intensified surveillance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994; 15:82-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Use of the Gram Stain to Screen Platelet Concentrates for Bacterial ContaminationEfficacy of a new collection procedure for preventing bacterial contamination of whole-blood donations 15 July 1998Volume 129, Issue 2Page: 164-165KeywordsBacteriaBacterial diseasesBacterial pathogensBloodBlood banksBlood transfusionFood and Drug AdministrationPlateletsSafetySepsis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Insulin Treatment and Diabetic Vascular Complications
Authors: Joel B. Brodsky
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) study has been a constant source of controversy since the original findings were published.<sup>1</sup>While any set of data is always subject to more than one interpretation, we believe the methods of analysis used by Kilo et al (241:26, 1979) to dispute the most recent UGDP conclusions (240:37, 1978) are highly inappropriate, because the authors produced an extremely biased subsample of the original data. First, they excluded patients who died during the first year, changed medication (MC), or were considered dropouts (42% of the entire UGDP data base). Second, they found "a disproportionate number (14 of 17=82%) of insulin variable subjects, compared with placebo subjects (five of 17=29%)... at much higher risk of dying of cardiovascular causes at the start of the study,"2 where they defined "much higher risk" after scrutinizing the cardiovascular death data. Therefore, they further excluded all
Abstract 3092: The roles of SRC-3 and its isoform SRC-3Δ4 during the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer
Authors: Weiwen Long, Daniel Medina, Sophia Tsai, Ming-Jer Tsai, Bert O'Malley
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Accumulating evidence has shown that SRC-3 plays important roles in tumor metastasis. SRC-3 gene deletion suppresses both v-Ha-ras- and polyomavirus middle T (PyMT) transgene-induced breast tumor metastasis to the lung. SRC-3 overexpression is highly correlated with metastatic phenotype in human breast cancer. SRC-3 promotes cancer cell invasion by co-activating AP-1 and PEA-3-mediated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. We recently found that a SRC-3 isoform with the deletion of exon 4 (SRC-3Δ4) promotes breast cancer cell migration and mammary tumor metastasis by directly mediating EGF signal transduction from EGFR to c-Src and FAK. One of the key tasks in the field of breast cancer research is to identify what factors regulate the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer. Given the importance of SRC-3 and SRC-3Δ4 in breast tumor metastasis, we hypothesize that SRC-3 and/or SRC-3Δ4 promote the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer. To test this hypothesis, we either stably overexpressed or stably knocked down SRC-3 or SRC-3Δ4 in two DCIS cell lines (DCIS.COM and SUM225) by lentiviral transduction. Stable knockdown of SRC-3 significantly decreased cell proliferation and cell invasion, whereas knockdown of SRC-3Δ4 only decreased cell invasion. Conversely, Overexpression of either SRC-3 or SRC-3Δ4 promote cell invasion, which is partly due to the increased Akt phosphorylation. We then injected the DCIS cells into the mammary ducts of athymic nude mice. The effect of SRC-3 and SRC-3Δ4 on the formation of DCIS and invasive lesions is under investigation. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms will be analyzed as well. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3092.
Débridement and Lavage for Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: David T. Felson, Joseph Buckwalter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Approximately 6 percent of the population of the United States 30 years of age or older and 12 percent of those 65 years of age or older have frequent knee pain from osteoarthritis.1 In part because most patients with this disease have not had great benefit from medical treatments, lavage of the joint through a large needle or lavage and débridement by means of arthroscopy have become popular interventions.In theory, lavage removes debris such as microscopic or macroscopic fragments of cartilage that may induce synovitis,2 a likely source of pain.3 Lavage also removes calcium phosphate crystals that are detectable . . .
The Accuracy of the Medical Record as an Index of Outpatient Drug Therapy
Authors: Roberta A. Monson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The records of 355 patients in outpatient clinics at Madison Veterans Administration Hospital were reviewed and compared with pharmacy files of the same patients. The records were evaluated for completeness and accuracy, with regard to the names, dosage, and directions for drugs ordered by the clinic physician. Twenty-one percent of the charts omitted the name of one or more drugs prescribed by the physicians, and 62% of the charts contained inaccuracies regarding dosage or directions. Documentation of potentially toxic drugs was not significantly different from that of less toxic drugs (<i>P</i>&gt;.05). (<i>JAMA</i>240:2182-2184, 1978)
Leukemia risk associated with benzene exposure in the Pliofilm cohort.
Authors: M B Paxton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

A reanalysis of the Pliofilm cohort was conducted incorporating six additional years of follow-up information gathered by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and a new set of exposure estimates developed recently. The distribution of individual worker exposures calculated with the Paustenbach exposure estimates was compared to those derived using two earlier sets of job-, plant-, and year-specific exposure estimates. A traditional standardized mortality ratio analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to investigate the impact of these exposure estimates and the NIOSH updated information on evaluation of benzene's leukemogenicity. There were no additional cases of multiple myeloma or any indication of increased incidences of solid tumors. The data added in the update did not greatly modify the estimated relative risk of all leukemias associated with benzene exposure but confirmed previous findings that occupational exposure only to very high concentrations had leukemogenic potential. Leukemia has not been observed in anyone who began employment in Pliofilm production after 1950. Neither the Paustenbach nor the Crump exposures gave dose-response estimates as steep as that resulting from the Rinsky exposures.
GOUT—A STILL FORGOTTEN DISEASE
Authors: Lee W. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1946)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recently I took care of a physician's practice for a month, during which time an incident took place which was so timely, in view of the article inThe Journal, June 1, that it seems worth reporting; also it shows the value of that type of literature to the general practitioner. An otherwise healthy man in his middle forties limped into the office. He stated that he came because of a more or less generalized itching of the body, which he thought could be from poison oak, and foot trouble which might be from an arch condition. He had been working around his yard, and though poison oak was in the vicinity he had resided long in the same area and believed that he was not sensitive to it. The cause of the foot condition was not clear. There was no evidence of flat feet. Between his
Review of funding for social care in England
Authors: M. Henwood
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Capping individual care costs demands cross-party consensus

For the past two decades at least, successive governments have struggled with how to achieve an affordable and sustainable funding system for care and support in England. Following on from three previous reviews,1 2 3 on 4 July the Dilnot Commission published its report on this subject.4 The report concluded that the funding system for social care is broken and will get worse unless it is fixed. The system is confusing, unfair, and unsustainable. Urgent action is needed. Unlike the 1999 report from the Royal Commission on Long Term Care,5 the Dilnot review does not recommend “free personal care.” Instead, a new partnership is proposed between the individual and the state “where individuals need to take reasonable and appropriate responsibility, but the state provides protection for those with greatest needs.”

Since the establishment of the welfare state in 1948 health and social care have been separate in England. Over time the boundary between these has shifted, and what was once regarded as healthcare now often comes under social care. The implications are substantial—although NHS care is free at the point of need, social care is means tested. Many people have little or no awareness of this until …