tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional heterogeneity of function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: C M Kramer, N Reichek, V A Ferrari, T Theobald, J Dawson, L Axel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), left ventricular ejection performance may be normal while segmental myocardial function is distinctly abnormal. The advent of magnetic resonance tissue tagging has allowed the noninvasive evaluation of intramyocardial segmental shortening in vivo in a topographic and temporal manner. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten patients with HCM documented by echocardiography and 10 healthy volunteers were studied with magnetic resonance tissue tagging by spatial modulation of magnetization. Percent circumferential myocardial shortening (%S) was compared at endocardium, midwall, and epicardial levels at four regions around the left ventricular short axis and from four short axis slices from apex to base at four or five time intervals during systole. In 8 patients and 8 control subjects, longitudinal shortening was evaluated within the septum and the lateral free wall at three levels from apex to base. Circumferential %S was less in HCM patients than in control subjects in the septal (13 +/- 5% versus 24 +/- 6%, P = .0002), inferior (13 +/- 5% versus 21 +/- 4%, P = .001), and anterior (17 +/- 5% versus 21 +/- 3%, P &lt; .03) regions but not in the lateral region. Circumferential end-systolic %S was reduced in patients with HCM compared with control subjects at all levels from apex to base. The normal transmural gradient in circumferential end-systolic shortening was preserved with greatest %S at the endocardium. Most of the total cumulative circumferential shortening occurred earlier in systole in patients compared with control subjects, especially within the septum. Longitudinal end-systolic %S was depressed throughout the septum in patients compared with control subjects, most markedly at the base, but was normal in the lateral free wall. CONCLUSIONS Circumferential myocardial segment shortening is depressed in HCM in the septum, inferior, and anterior regions and at all levels from apex to base, and much of the total cumulative shortening occurs early in systole. Longitudinal shortening is reduced in the basal septum in HCM. The heterogeneity of regional function in these patients may reflect the regional variation in the myocardial disarray and fibrosis that is characteristic of this disorder.
Heart Rate and Body Temperature Responses to Extreme Heat and Humidity With and Without Electric Fans
Authors: Nicholas M. Ravanelli, Simon G. Hodder, George Havenith, Ollie Jay
Journal: JAMA (2015)

An upward inflection in core temperature at 36°C only occurred in 2 participants with fans but in 7 participants without fans (RH, 84%; 95% CI, 80%-88%).At 42°C, the core temperature inflection occurred at a higher RH with fans (55%; 95% CI, 51%-59%) than without fans (48%; 95% CI, 42%-54%) (P = .04;Figure 2).Whole-body sweat rate was greater at 36°C with fans (180 g/h; 95% CI, 173-187 g/h) than without fans (153 g/h; 95% CI, 140-165 g/h) (P = .01)and at 42°C (399 g/h [95% CI, 381-417 g/h] vs 241 g/h [95% CI, 209-273 g/h], respectively) (P < .001).Discussion | Our preliminary study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that electric fans prevent heat-related elevations in HR and core temperature in healthy young men up to approximately 80% RH at 36°C and 50% RH at 42°C.Thus, contrary to existing guidance, 3,4 fans may be effective cooling devices for those without air conditioning during hot and humid periods.Only young participants were assessed, so critical RH values must be derived for other populations (eg, elderly with comorbidities) and those with diminished sweat production.However, sweat rates measured with fans were lower than values previously reported to be achievable in healthy 70-yearold adults (440 g/h). 6Advice to the public to stop using fans during heat waves may need to be reevaluated.
German media describe allocation of organs to Saudi patients as unfair
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The University Hospital of Kiel, in northern Germany, has been criticised for transplanting livers from cadavers to two Saudi patients, ahead of other, native German patients who had been on the waiting list longer.

The Saudi patients had been meant to receive a transplant from relatives, but they benefited from a recent change in the rules of Eurotransplant, the body that coordinates transplant allocation across seven European countries, propelling them to the top of the waiting list, even though they had only recently arrived in Germany and had a donor relative lined up.

Under the rule change, patients are given scores as to the urgency of …
Review:<i>Serenoa repens</i>does not improve symptom scale scores in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Chris Del Mar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club16 April 2013Review: Serenoa repens does not improve symptom scale scores in benign prostatic hyperplasiaChris Del Mar, MDChris Del Mar, MDBond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (C.D.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationTacklind J, MacDonald R, Rutks I, Stanke JU, Wilt TJ. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(12):CD001423. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23235581Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1 Abrams P, Chapple C, Khoury S, et al; International Consultation on New Developments in Prostate Cancer and Prostate Diseases. Evaluation and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men. J Urol. 2013;189:S93-101. [PMID: 23234640] Google Scholar2 Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ. Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(10):CD006015. [PMID: 20927745] Google Scholar3 Brown CT, Yap T, Cromwell DA, et al. Self management for men with lower urinary tract symptoms: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007;334:25. [PMID: 17118949] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Chris Del Mar, MDAffiliations: Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (C.D.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 April 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 April 2013Volume 158, Issue 8Page: JC10KeywordsAdverse eventsBenign prostatic hyperplasiaBladderQuestionnairesRenal diseasesRisk ratioRiversSurgeryUrine ePublished: 16 April 2013 Issue Published: 16 April 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Treating reading difficulties with colour
Authors: L. M. Henderson, R. H. Taylor, B. Barrett, P. G. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> A major dilemma of the military surgeon is the requirement for battlefield trauma expertise without regular exposure to a traumatically injured patient. To solve this problem, the military is partnering with civilian trauma centers to obtain the required trauma exposure. The main objective of this article is to quantify institutional differences and develop a predictive model for estimating the number of 24-hour trauma shifts a surgeon must be on call at civilian centers to experience urgent trauma cases. <h3>Methods</h3> Trauma databases from multiple institutions were queried to obtain all urgent trauma cases occurring during a 2-year period. A predictive model was used to estimate the number of urgent surgical cases in multiple specialties surgeons would experience over various numbers of 24-hour shifts and the number of 24-hour shifts required to experience a defined number of cases. <h3>Results</h3> Institution 1 had the lowest number of required 24-hour shifts to experience 10 urgent operative cases for general/trauma surgery (10 calls) and orthopedic surgery (6 calls) and the highest number of predicted cases over 12 days, 18.3 (95% CI 11 to 27), with 95% confidence. The expected trauma cases and 24-hour shifts at Institution 1 were statistically significant (p&lt;0.0001). There were seasonal effects at all institutions except for Institution 3. <h3>Discussion</h3> There are significant variabilities in trauma center volume and therefore, the expected number of shifts and cases during a specific period of time is significantly different between trauma centers. This predictive model is objective and can therefore be used as an extrapolative tool to help and inform the military regarding placement of personnel in optimal centers for trauma currency rotations. <h3>Level of evidence</h3> Economic and value-based evaluations, level II.
Physician risk in blood transfusions
Authors: E. J. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of angioscopy, intravascular ultrasound imaging and quantitative coronary angiography in predicting clinical outcome after coronary intervention in high risk patients
Authors: Steven Feld, Mazen Ganim, Edgar S. Carell, Olle Kjellgren, Richard L. Kirkeeide, William K. Vaughn, Ron Kelly, A. Iain McGhie, Nancy Kramer, Dan Loyd, H. Vernon Anderson, George Schroth, Richard W. Smalling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Britain prefers talk to action
Authors: S. Lock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Which is why it has failed to tackle research misconduct 

The first article in Britain on the subject of research misconduct was published about 23 years ago.1 Unfortunately, after 23 years we in Britain have got nowhere near tackling research misconduct. The clear signs are that we are not about to get the national body which other countries have had for years, and which our medical mandarins have continually promised us.

We have had a report from the Royal College of Physicians2–which wasn't implemented; we had fine words in a report from the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh,3 about which nothing has been done; and we have had undertakings from the Academy of Medical Sciences, which again haven't been addressed. And this is rather strange if you look at the mission statements of these bodies. The Royal College of Physicians of London states that for over 450 years it has had a pivotal role in maintaining standards of medical practice in hospitals in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The Edinburgh college speaks of “promoting the highest standards of internal medicine around the world,” while the Academy of Medicine states that it “campaigns for better structures in support of …
The RasGAP Gene, RASAL2, Is a Tumor and Metastasis Suppressor
Authors: Sara Koenig McLaughlin, Sarah Naomi Olsen, Benjamin Dake, Thomas De Raedt, Elgene Lim, Roderick Terry Bronson, Rameen Beroukhim, Kornelia Polyak, Myles Brown, Charlotte Kuperwasser, Karen Cichowski
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Renal stenting preserves single kidney GFR compared to medical therapy in patients with renal artery stenosis: fourteen-month follow-up
Authors: Daniel Soffer, Gregory G. Pellizzon, Daniel T. Lee, Oliver Wong, Helena Balon, Mary Valko, Judith A. Boura, Simon R. Dixon, William W. O'Neill, Robert D. Safian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis
Authors: Anthony S. Fauci, Barton F. Haynes, Jose Costa, Paul Katz, Sheldon M. Wolff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Fifteen patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis were studied prospectively over a 10-year period. Thirteen of the patients received the therapeutic protocol of cyclophosphamide (2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) and prednisone (1 mg per kilogram on alternate days). Previous reports had indicated that mortality from lymphomatoid granulomatosis was as high as 90 per cent. Of the 13 patients who received the cyclophosphamide and prednisone protocol, seven had complete remissions lasting for 5.2 +/- 0.6 years (mean +/- S.E.M.) Six of the seven with disease in remission have received no therapy for 28.3 +/- 5.7 months. Malignant lymphomas developed in seven of the eight who died, and only two of the eight had therapy for an adequate period. Since virtually all patients who did not have complete remission went on to have malignant lymphoma, early recognition and prompt treatment during the lymphomatoid-granulomatosis phase of disease may not only lead to complete remissions but also percent the development of a lymphoid neoplasm.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON RETINITIS PUNCTATA.
Authors: H. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

On the basis of ten personal observations, five cases reported to me by colleagues,<sup>1</sup>and a review of the literature, I presented to the International Congress at Lisbon in 1906 a paper on the Punctate Forms of Retinitis.<sup>2</sup>In this study I came to the conclusion that the term had been and could be applied to several different types of disease, which had in common merely the occurrence of white dots in the fundus but varied in significance and clinical history. These conclusions I can confirm and extend by a further study of some of my patients. While a pronounced retinitis punctata albescens, as the term is used by Mooren and most of the writers, is a rare disease, the appearance of discrete and usually not numerous white or yellowish-white dots, apparently situated in the retina, is not uncommon. When these white dots are numerous, counting up into
Why Public Health Agencies Cannot Depend on Good Laboratory Practices as a Criterion for Selecting Data: The Case of Bisphenol A
Authors: John Peterson Myers, Frederick S. vom Saal, Benson T. Akingbemi, Koji Arizono, Scott Belcher, Theo Colborn, Ibrahim Chahoud, D. Andrew Crain, Francesca Farabollini, Louis J. Guillette, Terry Hassold, Shuk-mei Ho, Patricia A. Hunt, Taisen Iguchi, Susan Jobling, Jun Kanno, Hans Laufer, Michele Marcus, John A. McLachlan, Angel Nadal, Jörg Oehlmann, Nicolás Olea, Paola Palanza, Stefano Parmigiani, Beverly S. Rubin, Gilbert Schoenfelder, Carlos Sonnenschein, Ana M. Soto, Chris E. Talsness, Julia A. Taylor, Laura N. Vandenberg, John G. Vandenbergh, Sarah Vogel, Cheryl S. Watson, Wade V. Welshons, R. Thomas Zoeller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

In their safety evaluations of bisphenol A (BPA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and a counterpart in Europe, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), have given special prominence to two industry-funded studies that adhered to standards defined by Good Laboratory Practices (GLP). These same agencies have given much less weight in risk assessments to a large number of independently replicated non-GLP studies conducted with government funding by the leading experts in various fields of science from around the world.
Poor agreement between self-reported and dermatologists’ diagnoses for five common dermatoses
Authors: M. Jagou, S. Bastuji-Garin, E. Bourdon-Lanoy, D. Penso-Assathiany, J-C. Roujeau
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Few epidemiological studies assessing the prevalence of chronic dermatosis are available in France and most of these studies have used biased samples drawn from specific subpopulations. As several recent studies have mentioned that self-reported diagnosis either underestimates or overestimates disease prevalence, the validity of such data is questionable.To evaluate the agreement between self-reported and dermatologists' diagnoses for five chronic dermatoses: acne, eczema, fungal infection, psoriasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis, and to analyse the factors associated with patients' diagnosis knowledge.A cross-sectional study was conducted on the national day of skin tumour screening in April 2003. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by patients and a standard form was completed by dermatologists after clinical examination. A total of 4,622 adults were examined by a dermatologist in 134 screening centres across France. The agreement between self-reported and dermatologists' diagnoses was analysed using the kappa index. Characteristics of patients who were aware of their diagnosis were compared with those of patients who were not, by using multivariate logistic regression models.The demographic characteristics of the sample differed from those of the French population. The self-reported prevalence was significantly lower than the actual prevalence for all diseases except eczema. Underestimations ranging from 23% to 35% were observed in nearly all subgroups of our population. The agreement between self-reported and dermatologists' diagnoses was low to moderate. Many cases of chronic skin diseases were diagnosed in patients who did not report them. Diagnosis knowledge was poorer in those above 54 years of age and better for patients treated for the condition and those with impairment of social life.We observed a low agreement between self-reported and dermatologists' diagnoses for five chronic diseases. Self-reports underestimated the actual prevalence of four of five common diseases.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase suppresses the development of allograft arteriosclerosis.
Authors: L L Shears, N Kawaharada, E Tzeng, T R Billiar, S C Watkins, I Kovesdi, A Lizonova, S M Pham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

In cardiac transplantation, chronic rejection takes the form of an occlusive vasculopathy. The mechanism underlying this disorder remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role nitric oxide (NO) may play in the development of allograft arteriosclerosis. Rat aortic allografts from ACI donors to Wistar Furth recipients with a strong genetic disparity in both major and minor histocompatibility antigens were used for transplantation. Allografts collected at 28 d were found to have significant increases in both inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein as well as in intimal thickness when compared with isografts. Inhibiting NO production with an iNOS inhibitor increased the intimal thickening by 57.2%, indicating that NO suppresses the development of allograft arteriosclerosis. Next, we evaluated the effect of cyclosporine (CsA) on iNOS expression and allograft arteriosclerosis. CsA (10 mg/kg/d) suppressed the expression of iNOS in response to balloon-induced aortic injury. Similarly, CsA inhibited iNOS expression in the aortic allografts, associated with a 65% increase in intimal thickening. Finally, we investigated the effect of adenoviral-mediated iNOS gene transfer on allograft arteriosclerosis. Transduction with iNOS using an adenoviral vector suppressed completely the development of allograft arteriosclerosis in both untreated recipients and recipients treated with CsA. These results suggest that the early immune-mediated upregulation in iNOS expression partially protects aortic allografts from the development of allograft arteriosclerosis, and that iNOS gene transfer strategies may prove useful in preventing the development of this otherwise untreatable disease process.
Self-poisoning with digoxin: successful treatment with atropine.
Authors: F. Navab, M. Honey
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MemorandaDmnuin body cavity of some of the mites.Presumably, human infec- tion results from the accidental ingestion of infected mites.This is the twenty-fifth report of human infection with bertiella.Geographically, these reports are mainly from the Eastern Hemisphere-namely, Mauritius (4), India (8), Sumatra (1), Java (2), Borneo (1), Philippines (1), Singapore (1), East Africa (1).In the Western Hemisphere it has been reported once from Cuba, St. Kitts (West Indies), Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay.The present case is of interest in that the infection was probably acquired in Africa, whence only one case has previously been recorded (Buckley and Fairley, 1950), and in that from the available evidence the boy had probably harboured the worm for about two years.The subject of bertiella infection to man has been recently reviewed by D'Alessandro, Beaver, and Pallares (1963).
What must be done about the killings of Pakistani healthcare workers?
Authors: Z. A. Bhutta
Journal: BMJ (2013)

It’s time to stop trying to accommodate those who spread fear and terror

In December 2012 nine volunteer polio workers, six of whom were young women, were murdered in Pakistan.1 A day later five female education workers were murdered on their way to work in Swabi (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). The coordinated attacks sent a chilling message to civic society that female workers and volunteers, hitherto protected by a strict Pashtun moral code, were now terrorist targets. These murders begin to fade into a background of incessant conflict and insurgency around the border areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the federally administered tribal areas, and Baluchistan. The city of Karachi is caught in a spiral of targeted killings and kidnappings for ransom.2 In Baluchistan, the law of the government has all but collapsed and the Hazara minorities have been forced to demand army rule in the main city, Quetta, to protect themselves from the threat of ethnic cleansing at the hands of a well connected and funded underground network of terrorist organisations.3 The nation is inured to reports of violent deaths on a daily basis, however, and the recent targeted killings of health workers are already off …
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces the proliferation and survival of macrophages via a pathway involving DAP12 and β-catenin
Authors: Karel Otero, Isaiah R Turnbull, Pietro Luigi Poliani, William Vermi, Elisa Cerutti, Taiki Aoshi, Ilaria Tassi, Toshiyuki Takai, Samuel L Stanley, Mark Miller, Andrey S Shaw, Marco Colonna
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)