tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with contrast ultrasonography
Authors: I. Zuber-Jerger, E. Endlicher, J. Schölmerich, F. Klebl
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 64-year-old woman with a body mass index of 50 was admitted to our intensive care unit with the clinical appearance of severe biliary pancreatitis. Bedside ultrasonography was difficult due to the patient’s obesity but revealed a dilated common bile duct ([Fig. 1]). Conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with X-rays was considered impossible due to the obesity. Bedside endosonography (EG 383OUT; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan) was performed. Endoscopically a swollen papilla excreting pus was seen. Sonographically, large areas of fluid were demonstrated around the pancreatic body and tail. A small remainder of undamaged pancreatic tissue was seen in the pancreatic head. The gallbladder was large and full of small stones. The main hepatic duct was dilated and filled with stone material. Bedside ERC with a duodenoscope (TJF 160; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was performed using contrast ultrasonography instead of X-radiography. After cannulation of the common bile duct a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent (Sonovue) was injected through the papillotome. Bedside ultrasonography (Sequoia, Siemens) demonstrated the contrast agent in the common bile duct and in the right and left hepatic duct ([Fig. 2]). After papillotomy, stones were extracted with a basket and a balloon.
Measurement of gastrointestinal pH profiles in normal ambulant human subjects.
Authors: D F Evans, G Pye, R Bramley, A G Clark, T J Dyson, J D Hardcastle
Journal: Gut (1988)

Gastrointestinal (GI) pH has been measured in 66 normal subjects using a pH sensitive radiotelemetry capsule passing freely through the gastrointestinal tract. Signals were recorded with a portable solid state receiver and recording system, enabling unconstrained measurements with normal ambulatory activities for up to 48 h during normal GI transit. Capsule position in the gut was monitored by surface location using a directional detector. Gastric pH was highly acidic (range 1.0-2.5) in all subjects. The mean pH in the proximal small intestine was 6.6 (0.5) for the first hour of intestinal recording. By comparison the mean pH in the terminal ileum was 7.5 (0.4) (p less than 0.001). In all subjects there was a sharp fall in pH to a mean of 6.4 (0.4) (p less than 0.001) as the capsule passed into the caecum. Values are means (SD). pH then rose progressively from the right to the left colon with a final mean value of 7.0 (0.7) (p less than 0.001).
Abstract P5-10-13: Phase I Dose Escalation Study of Pirarubicin in Combination with Cyclophosphamide in Breast Cancer
Authors: M Sakata, H Jinno, T Hayashida, M Takahashi, T Sato, H Seki, K Shimada, S Nishiya, Y. Kitagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Doxorubicin containing combination chemotherapy regimens are widely used for treatment of breast and other cancers. However, these regimens are associated with significant toxicities including myocardialdysfunction and alopecia. Analogues of doxorubicin are being developed to reduce these side effects. Pirarubicin is a more lipophilic derivative of doxorubicin, with a higher uptake rate of cells, lower cardiotoxicity and better antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Purpose: We conducted a single-institution phase I clinical trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and define the toxic effects and recommended dose (RD) of pirarubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide in patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients who had received prior anthracycline therapy were excluded. Cohorts of three patients with breast cancer were treated with escalating doses of pirarubicin (40 to 70 mg/m2) intravenously administered every three weeks in combination with cyclophosphamide (60 mg/m2) for 4 or more cycles. Results: Eleven patients of stage I/II operable breast cancer received a total of 46 cycles of pirarubicin and cyclophosphamide as post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy. The most frequently reported treatment-related grade 2 adverse events were constipation (36%) and nausea (27%). There were no grade 3/4 events. Grade 2 leukocytopenia and grade 2 fatigue were dose-limiting at 70 mg/m2, the maximum-tolerated dose was 60 mg/m2. Grade 2 alopecia was reported in 60 and 70 mg/m2 pirarubicin group. Conclusion: At the MTD of 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, pirarubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide was associated with mild, reversible toxicity. The recommended phase II dose is pirarubicin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 60 mg/m2 on day 1 every 21 days. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-13.
Pretreatment with peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist fenofibrate protects endothelium in rabbit Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced shock
Authors: Eric Wiel, Gilles Lebuffe, Emmanuel Robin, Gaëlle Gasan, Delphine Corseaux, Benoît Tavernier, Brigitte Jude, Régis Bordet, Benoît Vallet
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2005)
Dose Response Between Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Jacob Sattelmair, Jeremy Pertman, Eric L. Ding, Harold W. Kohl, William Haskell, I-Min Lee
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background No reviews have quantified the specific amounts of physical activity required for lower risks of coronary heart disease when assessing the dose-response relation. Instead, previous reviews have used qualitative estimates such as low, moderate, and high physical activity. Methods and Results We performed an aggregate data meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating physical activity and primary prevention of CHD. We included prospective cohort studies published in English since 1995. After reviewing 3194 abstracts, we included 33 studies. We used random-effects generalized least squares spline models for trend estimation to derive pooled dose-response estimates. Among the 33 studies, 9 allowed quantitative estimates of leisure-time physical activity. Individuals who engaged in the equivalent of 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity leisure-time physical activity (minimum amount, 2008 US federal guidelines) had a 14% lower coronary heart disease risk (relative risk, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 0.96) compared with those reporting no leisure-time physical activity. Those engaging in the equivalent of 300 min/wk of moderate-intensity leisure-time physical activity (2008 US federal guidelines for additional benefits) had a 20% (relative risk, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.88) lower risk. At higher levels of physical activity, relative risks were modestly lower. People who were physically active at levels lower than the minimum recommended amount also had significantly lower risk of coronary heart disease. There was a significant interaction by sex ( P =0.03); the association was stronger among women than men. Conclusions These findings provide quantitative data supporting US physical activity guidelines that stipulate that “some physical activity is better than none” and “additional benefits occur with more physical activity.”
Clinical relevance of the 2′–5′-oligoadenylate synthetase/RNase L system for treatment response in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Ulrike Mihm, Oliver Ackermann, Christoph Welsch, Eva Herrmann, Wolf Peter Hofmann, Natalia Grigorian, Martin Walter Welker, Thomas Lengauer, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Risks of Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement
Authors: Ishay Lev, Amnon Lahad, Aharon Karni
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Search on Chromosome 17 Centromere Reveals <i>TNFRSF13B</i> as a Susceptibility Gene for Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Kayoko Inoue, Youhei Mineharu, Sumiko Inoue, Shigeki Yamada, Fumihiko Matsuda, Kazuhiko Nozaki, Katsunobu Takenaka, Nobuo Hashimoto, Akio Koizumi
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Our previous studies have shown a significant linkage of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) to chromosome 17. Methods and Results— Nine genes ( TNFRSF13B , M-RIP , COPS3 , RAI1 , SREBF1 , GRAP , MAPK7 , MFAP4 , and AKAP10 ) were selected from 108 genes that are located between D17S1857 and D17S1871 by excluding 99 genes that were pseudogenes, hypothetical genes, or well-characterized genes but not likely associated with IA. Direct sequencing of all coding and regulatory regions in 58 cases (29 pedigree probands and 29 unrelated nonpedigree cases) was performed. Deleterious changes were found only in TNFRSF13B , K154X, and c.585 to 586insA in exon4. The association of IA with TNFRSF13B was further studied in 304 unrelated cases and 332 control subjects. Rare nonsynonymous changes, a splicing acceptor site change and a frame shift, were found in unrelated cases (2.3%; 14 of 608) more frequently than in control subjects (0.8%; 5 of 664; P =0.035). The association study using single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an unrelated case-control cohort revealed a protective haplotype (odds ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.52 to 0.92, P =0.012) compared with the major haplotype after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions— We propose that TNFRSF13B is one of the susceptibility genes for IA.
Bioavailability of biologically detoxified lead: risks arising from consumption of polluted mussels.
Authors: F Regoli, E Orlando
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The possible risk for human health arising from consumption of lead-polluted shellfish was suggested by experiments on the bioavailability for mice of a "biologically detoxified" form of the metal. In this work, young mice were fed with a mixed diet including mussels collected in a Pb-polluted area. Metal concentrations in blood, kidney, liver, urine, and feces and the activity of erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase were determined after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Comparisons were made with mice treated with balanced diet, mixed diet including control mussels, and drinking water with lead dissolved as acetate. In mice fed polluted mussels, lead concentrations increased in blood, kidney, and liver, whereas no significant accumulation was observed in urine. Different responses in mice treated with Pb(CH3COO)2 in drinking water are probably due to the diversity of lead chemical form in the two treatments. Our results demonstrate the bioavailability of biologically detoxified lead that can be transferred to a consumer with possible consequences also for human health.
What Is Balance in the Physician Workforce?-Reply
Authors: Richard A. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —There can be no disagreement about whether more medical students should choose primary care, or that all students need generalist skills. But there are questions about degree and approach. I believe 50% is too many, and regulation is the wrong mechanism.  Drs Greer and Petersdorf want no quibbling with the 50% solution. At the same time, Mr Kobrinski and Dr Mansfield are attempting to better define primary care (the Institute of Medicine is doing the same), and others are examining a variety of issues relevant to the physician workforce.1-4Continued research is badly needed—to illuminate, not obfuscate.  Medicine is entering an unprecedented era of physician abundance—an abundance of both primary care physicians and specialists. Our data indicate that a 33%-67% mix of career paths for new physicians (a significant increment in primary care over the recent experience) would create what might be termed balanced abundance, ie, too
Obesity causes 30 000 deaths a year, report says
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Most adults in England are overweight, and one in five¾ around 8 million in total¾ is obese, says a government report. If the current trend continues, by 2005 a quarter of women and a fifth of men could be obese.

Currently 30 000 deaths a year are linked to obesity. The cost to the NHS is estimated at £500m ($700m; €800) a year.

The report, by the parliamentary public accounts committee, says people responsible for health care, education, transport, sport, and recreation and for the labelling and marketing …
Effect of the immune modulating agents cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, hydrocortisone, and cyclosporin A on an animal model of granulomatous bowel disease.
Authors: I C Mitchell, J L Turk
Journal: Gut (1990)

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, hydrocortisone, and cyclosporin A on a model of granulomatous infiltration in the terminal ileum and draining lymph nodes of the guinea pig. Treatment groups of six animals were used and compared to untreated groups of 12. Epithelioid cell granulomas and primary macrophage granulomas were induced by the inoculation of BCG (Pasteur) and irradiated Mycobacterium leprae respectively into the terminal ileum of the guinea pig. The response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin was reduced in both groups of animals receiving any of these agents. Cyclophosphamide and methotrexate treated animals inoculated with BCG or M leprae showed a significant reduction of granulomatous infiltration at the inoculation site (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001 respectively). BCG inoculated animals treated with either hydrocortisone or cyclosporin A showed no reduction in granulomatous infiltration at either the inoculation site or the draining lymph nodes. By contrast M leprae inoculated animals receiving either of these agents showed a significant reduction of granulomatous infiltration at both the inoculation site (p less than 0.001) and in the primary draining lymph node (p less than 0.001). Ziehl Neelsen staining showed an increased proportion of animals with detectable acid fast bacilli (AFB) at the inoculation site in the groups receiving hydrocortisone (50%) and methotrexate (67%) compared to untreated controls (8%). No AFB were observed in any of the animals inoculated with M leprae. In conclusion, this model may be helpful in elucidating the mechanism of T lymphocyte response in Crohn9s disease and the variable clinical response seen with the use of immunosuppressive agents in this condition.
<i>APOE</i>Kyoto Mutation in European Americans with Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy
Authors: Brad H. Rovin, Daniel Roncone, Alison McKinley, Tibor Nadasdy, Stephen M. Korbet, Melvin M. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Lipoprotein glomerulopathy is an uncommon kidney disease characterized by proteinuria, progressive kidney failure, and distinctive lipoprotein thrombi in glomerular capillaries.1 It ...
Characteristics of Drug Abusers Admitted to a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Leon J. Hekimian
Journal: JAMA (1968)

One hundred and twelve drug abusers admitted to Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital were studied from a social, motivational, psychiatric, and pharmacological view. Heroin users were usually sociopathic and were costing the city $10 million a day in crimes to support their habit. Emotionally disturbed but younger groups tended to use marihuana, amphetamines, and hallucinogens. Fifty percent of this group were considered to be schizophrenic before taking drugs and 37% required state hospitalization. Thus, protracted psychotic states thought to be due to drug ingestion may be due to preexisting mental disturbances. A desire for euphoria, possibly stemming from underlying depression, was most frequently the reason given for drug abuse. Influences by friends or environment was the second most frequent reason. Almost all patients had experiences with drugs other than the one which caused admission to the hospital.
Abstract 4954: Development and validation of 50 serum cancer multiplexed biomarkers
Authors: Laurie L. Stephen, Karri L. Ballard, Ralph L. McDade, James P. Mapes
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Biomarkers are indicators of normal biological processes and can be monitored to look at physiological changes. In cancer, a pattern of biomarkers may be useful for the detection, reoccurrence and response to treatment. We have identified 50 biomarkers implicated in cancer and have developed bead-based multiplexed immunoassays for the Luminex system, defined as the OncologyMAP™. Multiplexing is a cost effective method which allows for the measurement of multiple proteins with little sample volume. The OncologyMAP™ consists of markers of cell damage (Annexin A1, HMGB1), soluble receptors (uPAR, TIE-2), enzymes (PSAT-1, aldose reductase), signaling molecules (calcvasculin, EpCAM)) and growth factors (endostatin, BAFF). All markers showed positive signals in either normal serum and plasma samples or cancer serum. Multiplexed assays were run on a TECAN EVO and showed good precision, linearity and spike recovery. The OncologyMAP™ is a valuable tool for cancer biomarker discovery Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4954.
Abstract P5-18-21: A Phase II randomized trial of lapatinib with either vinorelbine or capecitabine as first- and second-line therapy for ErbB2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC)
Authors: W Janni, T Sarosiek, J Pikiel, B Karaszewska, E Staroslawska, C Salat, C Caglevic, P Potemski, E Brain, K Briggs, M de Silvio, F Sapunar, C Papadimitriou
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Lapatinib (L), a dual kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB2, is effective in the treatment of ErbB2+ MBC in combination with capecitabine (C) following progression after trastuzumab, anthracyclines, and taxanes. Vinorelbine (V) is an important chemotherapy option in MBC, and multiple Phase II trials have been conducted in combination with trastuzumab. This randomized, open-label, multicenter, Phase II study (LAP112620, VITAL) evaluated the efficacy and safety of L with either V or C in women with ErbB2+ MBC. Methods: Patients with MBC who had received ≤1 chemotherapy regimen in the metastatic setting were randomized 2:1 to either L 1250 mg orally once daily (QD) continuously plus V 20 mg/m2 intravenously on Days 1 and 8, every third week, or L 1250 mg orally QD continuously plus C 2000 mg/m2/day orally in 2 doses 12 hours apart on Days 1–14 every third week. Patients were stratified by prior receipt of therapy for MBC (Y/N) and site of metastatic disease (visceral/soft tissue or bone-only). The primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed once all subjects had been followed for a minimum of 6 months or had otherwise progressed, died or withdrawn, if sooner. The primary focus was to evaluate PFS in the L plus V arm with a descriptive intent only. Other endpoints included overall response rate, overall survival, and safety. Patients progressing on one treatment arm were given the option of crossing over to the other arm. Results: 112 patients were randomized. The results and conclusions sections will be updated once the primary analysis has been completed in September 2012. ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT01013740 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-21.
Melatonin Potentially Useful but Safety, Efficacy Remain Uncertain
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

MELATONIN users are the unwitting subjects in a large-scale uncontrolled experiment, according to specialists in sleep and biological rhythms attending a workshop on melatonin and sleep at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Md, in August. The scientists urged the NIH to support a multicenter controlled clinical trial to determine melatonin's efficacy and long-term safety. The widespread use of melatonin, the scientists said, highlights the pervasiveness of sleep disorders and the need for physicians to give more weight to sleep complaints. Although no medical catastrophes are known to be associated with melatonin, until solid evidence is in, they said, physicians should prescribe pharmacological and behavioral treatments of known value for sleep disorders, caution patients against the chronic use of melatonin, and monitor those who do take it. The workshop was sponsored by the Trans-NIH Sleep Research Coordinating Committee and the NIH Office for Dietary Supplements. Its spirited and
Project 3000 by 2000 -- Racial and Ethnic Diversity in U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Herbert W. Nickens, Timothy P. Ready, Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Only 30 years ago, 93 percent of medical students in the United States were men, and 97 percent were non-Hispanic whites. Today, the profile of U.S. medical students has changed dramatically. Forty percent of the 67,000 students in the nation's 126 allopathic medical schools are women, and 31 percent belong to racial or ethnic minority groups. Producing a physician work force that draws on the knowledge and skills of people from all segments of our society has long been a key element of this country's health-manpower policies1 as well as those of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)2. . . .
US officials warn 39 countries about risk of hantavirus among travellers to Yosemite
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Six people have become infected and three have died in an outbreak of the rare but often lethal hantavirus infection in Yosemite National Park in California. The outbreak has been traced to a group of cabins and tents at the popular tourist destination. More than four million people a year visit the park.

“Early medical attention and diagnosis of hantavirus are critical,” park superintendent Don Neubacher said in a released statement. “We urge anyone who may have been exposed to the infection to see their doctor at the first sign of symptoms and to advise them of the potential of hantavirus.”

All cases so far have involved Americans, mostly from California. But as many as 10 000 summer visitors could …
Improved Cognition After Control of Risk Factors for Multi-infarct Dementia
Authors: John Stirling Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A cohort of 52 patients (30 men and 22 women) with multi-infarct dementia (MID) has been followed up prospectively for a mean interval of 22.2 months. Clinical course has been documented by serial history taking and interviews and neurological, medical, and psychological examinations, and correlated with measurements of cerebral blood flow. The clinical course and cognitive performance have been compared with those of age-matched normal volunteers and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Patients with MID were subdivided into hypertensive and normotensive groups, and also into those displaying stabilized or improved cognition and those whose condition deteriorated. Among hypertensive patients with MID, improved cognition and clinical course correlated with control of systolic blood pressure within upper limits of normal (135 to 150 mm Hg), but if systolic blood pressure was reduced below this level, patients with MID deteriorated. Among normotensive patients with MID, improved cognition was associated with cessation of smoking cigarettes.