tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term survival, prevalence, and cure of cancer: a population-based estimation for 818 902 Italian patients and 26 cancer types
Authors: L. Dal Maso, S. Guzzinati, C. Buzzoni, R. Capocaccia, D. Serraino, A. Caldarella, A.P. Dei Tos, F. Falcini, M. Autelitano, G. Masanotti, S. Ferretti, F. Tisano, U. Tirelli, E. Crocetti, R. De Angelis, S. Virdone, A. Zucchetto, A. Gigli, S. Francisci, P. Baili, G. Gatta, M. Castaing, R. Zanetti, P. Contiero, E. Bidoli, M. Vercelli, M. Michiara, M. Federico, G. Senatore, F. Pannozzo, M. Vicentini, A. Bulatko, D.R. Pirino, M. Gentilini, M. Fusco, A. Giacomin, A.C. Fanetti, R. Cusimano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)

BackgroundPersons living after a cancer diagnosis represent 4% of the whole population in high-income countries. The aim of the study was to provide estimates of indicators of long-term survival and cure for 26 cancer types, presently lacking.Patients and methodsData on 818 902 Italian cancer patients diagnosed at age 15–74 years in 1985–2005 were included. Proportions of patients with the same death rates of the general population (cure fractions) and those of prevalent patients who were not at risk of dying as a result of cancer (cure prevalence) were calculated, using validated mixture cure models, by cancer type, sex, and age group. We also estimated complete prevalence, conditional relative survival (CRS), time to reach 5- and 10-year CRS >95%, and proportion of patients living longer than those thresholds.ResultsThe cure fractions ranged from >90% for patients aged <45 years with thyroid and testis cancers to <10% for liver and pancreatic cancers of all ages. Five- or 10-year CRS >95% were both reached in <10 years by patients with cancers of the stomach, colon–rectum, pancreas, corpus and cervix uteri, brain, and Hodgkin lymphoma. For breast cancer patients, 5- and 10-year CRSs reached >95% after 19 and 25 years, respectively, and in 15 and 18 years for prostate cancer patients. Five-year CRS remained <95% for >25 years after cancer diagnosis in patients with liver and larynx cancers, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, and leukaemia. Overall, the cure prevalence was 67% for men and 77% for women. Therefore, 21% of male and 31% of female patients had already reached 5-year CRS >95%, whereas 18% and 25% had reached 10-year CRS >95%.ConclusionsA quarter of Italian cancer patients can be considered cured. This observation has a high potential impact on health planning, clinical practice, and patients' perspective.
Epigenetic Mechanisms Affecting Regulation of Energy Balance: Many Questions, Few Answers
Authors: Robert A. Waterland
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2014)

Extensive human and animal model data show that nutrition and other environmental influences during critical periods of embryonic, fetal, and early postnatal life can affect the development of body weight regulatory pathways, with permanent consequences for risk of obesity. Epigenetic processes are widely viewed as a leading mechanism to explain the lifelong persistence of such “developmental programming” of energy balance. Despite meaningful progress in recent years, however, significant research obstacles impede our ability to test this hypothesis. Accordingly, this review attempts to summarize progress toward answering the following outstanding questions: Is epigenetic dysregulation a major cause of human obesity? In what cells/tissues is epigenetic regulation most important for energy balance? Does developmental programming of human body weight regulation occur via epigenetic mechanisms? Do epigenetic mechanisms have a greater impact on food intake or energy expenditure? Does epigenetic inheritance contribute to transgenerational patterns of obesity? In each case, significant obstacles and suggested approaches to surmounting them are elaborated.
Rheumatic fever–associated Streptococcus pyogenes isolates aggregate collagen
Authors: Katrin Dinkla, Manfred Rohde, Wouter T.M. Jansen, Edward L. Kaplan, Gursharan S. Chhatwal, Susanne R. Talay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Acute rheumatic fever is a serious autoimmune sequel of Streptococcus pyogenes infection. This study shows that serotype M3 and M18 S. pyogenes isolated during outbreaks of rheumatic fever have the unique capability to bind and aggregate human basement membrane collagen type IV. M3 protein is identified as collagen-binding factor of M3 streptococci, whereas M18 isolates bind collagen through a hyaluronic acid capsule, revealing a novel function for M3 protein and capsule. Following in vivo mouse passage, conversion of a nonencapsulated and collagen-binding negative M1 S. pyogenes into an encapsulated, collagen-binding strain further supports the crucial role of capsule in mediating collagen binding. Collagen binding represents a novel colonization mechanism, as it is demonstrated that S. pyogenes bind to collagen matrix in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, immunization of mice with purified recombinant M3 protein led to the generation of anti–collagen type IV antibodies. Finally, sera from acute rheumatic fever patients had significantly increased titers of anti–collagen type IV antibodies as compared with healthy controls. These findings may suggest a link between the potential of rheumatogenic S. pyogenes isolates to bind collagen, and the presence of collagen-reactive autoantibodies in the serum of rheumatic fever patients, which may form a basis for post-streptococcal rheumatic disease. These anti-collagen antibodies may form a basis for poststreptococcal rheumatic disease.
Bazex paraneoplastic acrokeratosis: a case report and response to Tigason
Authors: J.M. WISHART
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

A clinically typical case of Bazex acrokeratosis neoplastica is presented. This case is unusual in that the syndrome developed two years after a neoplasm was diagnosed. Almost complete clinical clearance was obtained with oral Tigason®, making it the first recorded case to improve without removal of the underlying neoplasm.
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Individual Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: William Breitbart, Shannon Poppito, Barry Rosenfeld, Andrew J. Vickers, Yuelin Li, Jennifer Abbey, Megan Olden, Hayley Pessin, Wendy Lichtenthal, Daniel Sjoberg, Barrie R. Cassileth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose Spiritual well-being and sense of meaning are important concerns for clinicians who care for patients with cancer. We developed Individual Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy (IMCP) to address the need for brief interventions targeting spiritual well-being and meaning for patients with advanced cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with stage III or IV cancer (N = 120) were randomly assigned to seven sessions of either IMCP or therapeutic massage (TM). Patients were assessed before and after completing the intervention and 2 months postintervention. Primary outcome measures assessed spiritual well-being and quality of life; secondary outcomes included anxiety, depression, hopelessness, symptom burden, and symptom-related distress. Results Of the 120 participants randomly assigned, 78 (65%) completed the post-treatment assessment and 67 (56%) completed the 2-month follow-up. At the post-treatment assessment, IMCP participants demonstrated significantly greater improvement than the control condition for the primary outcomes of spiritual well-being (b = 0.39; P &lt;.001, including both components of spiritual well-being (sense of meaning: b = 0.34; P = .003 and faith: b = 0.42; P = .03), and quality of life (b = 0.76; P = .013). Significantly greater improvements for IMCP patients were also observed for the secondary outcomes of symptom burden (b = −6.56; P &lt; .001) and symptom-related distress (b = −0.47; P &lt; .001) but not for anxiety, depression, or hopelessness. At the 2-month follow-up assessment, the improvements observed for the IMCP group were no longer significantly greater than those observed for the TM group. Conclusion IMCP has clear short-term benefits for spiritual suffering and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Clinicians working with patients who have advanced cancer should consider IMCP as an approach to enhance quality of life and spiritual well-being.
Long-lasting Disease Stabilization in the Absence of Toxicity in Metastatic Lung Cancer Patients Vaccinated with an Epitope Derived from Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase
Authors: Trine Zeeberg Iversen, Lotte Engell-Noerregaard, Eva Ellebaek, Rikke Andersen, Stine Kiaer Larsen, Jon Bjoern, Claus Zeyher, Cécile Gouttefangeas, Birthe Moerk Thomsen, Bente Holm, Per thor Straten, Anders Mellemgaard, Mads Hald Andersen, Inge Marie Svane
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

To investigate targeting of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme using a synthetic peptide vaccine administered to patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).In a clinical phase I study, we treated 15 HLA-A2-positive patients with stage III-IV NSCLC in disease stabilization after standard chemotherapy. Patients were treated with imiquimod ointment and subcutaneous vaccinations (100 μg IDO5 peptide, sequence ALLEIASCL, formulated in 900 μL Montanide). Primary endpoint was toxicity. Clinical benefit and immunity were assessed as secondary endpoints.No severe toxicity was observed. One patient developed a partial response (PR) after one year of vaccine treatment, whereas long-lasting stable disease (SD) ≥ 8.5 months was demonstrated in another six patients. The median overall survival (OS) was 25.9 months. Patients demonstrated significant improved OS (P = 0.03) when compared with the group of patients excluded because of HLA-A2 negativity. IDO-specific CD8(+) T-cell immunity was demonstrated by IFN-γ Elispot and Tetramer staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses demonstrated a significant reduction of the Treg population (P = 0.03) after the sixth vaccine (2.5 months) compared with pretreatment levels. Furthermore, expression of IDO was detected in nine of ten tumor biopsies by immunohistochemistry. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratio in sera were performed. In long-term analyses of two clinical responding patients, the ratio of Kyn/Trp remained stable.The vaccine was well tolerated with no severe toxicity occurring. A median OS of 25.9 months was demonstrated and long-lasting PR+SD was seen in 47% of the patients.
Perioperative nutritional support: does it reduce hospital complications or shorten convalescence?
Authors: J POWELL-TUCK
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 813 

During the 1960–1970s we learnt how artificial feeding could rescue a few severely undernourished patients. Next, research characterised the integrative biochemistry of illness and sought ways by which the catabolic responses could be influenced nutritionally and hormonally. More recently the large proportion of hospital patients suffering from undernutrition, as judged by both weight for height and by micronutrient status, has become widely appreciated and there has been an interest in more routine supplementation of hospital patients. As the practice of supplementation increases there has been a growing need for randomised controlled trials to assess its clinical effectiveness. But applying rigorous clinical endpoints such as mortality, morbidity, or duration of stay in randomised controlled trials of a secondary treatment such as nutritional support is difficult because the endpoints are easily confounded by primary treatments and other factors.

The physiological effects of undernutrition in the otherwise normal human have been well known for about 50 years.1 As far as sip supplements are concerned there is now excellent evidence that they do not simply replace the intake of normal food but effectively increase nutrient intake and improve nutritional …
Effectiveness of Physical Activity on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health-Related Quality of Life in Young and Middle-Aged Cancer Patients Shortly After Chemotherapy
Authors: Lene Thorsen, Eva Skovlund, Sigmund B. Strømme, Kjersti Hornslien, Alv A. Dahl, Sophie D. Fosså
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of a supervised home-based flexible training program on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), mental distress, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) parameters in young and middle-aged cancer patients shortly after curative chemotherapy. Patients and Methods One hundred eleven patients age 18 to 50 years who had received chemotherapy for lymphomas or breast, gynecologic, or testicular cancer completed the trial. These patients were randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n = 59), which underwent a 14-week training program, or a control group (n = 52) that received standard care. Primary outcome was change in CRF, as determined by Åstrand-Rhyming indirect bicycle ergometer test (maximum oxygen uptake [VO 2max ]), between baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1). Secondary outcomes were mental distress, as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and HRQOL, as assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire. Two-way analysis of covariance was used to analyze changes from T0 to T1. Results VO 2max increased by 6.4 mL/kg –1 /min –1 in patients in the intervention group and by 3.1 mL/kg –1 /min –1 in patients in the control group (P &lt; .01). The fatigue score decreased by 17.0 points in the control group compared with only 5.8 points in the intervention group (P &lt; .01). There were no intergroup differences in mental distress or HRQOL. Conclusion A supervised, home-based, flexible training program has significant effect on CRF in young and middle-aged cancer patients shortly after curative chemotherapy, but it has no favorable effect on patients' experience of fatigue, mental distress, or HRQOL.
Brain and Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Aripiprazole in Patients With Schizophrenia: An [ <sup>18</sup> F]Fallypride PET Study
Authors: Gerhard Gründer, Christine Fellows, Hildegard Janouschek, Tanja Veselinovic, Christian Boy, Anno Bröcheler, Katrin M. Kirschbaum, Sandra Hellmann, Katja M. Spreckelmeyer, Christoph Hiemke, Frank Rösch, Wolfgang M. Schaefer, Ingo Vernaleken
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Aripiprazole at clinically effective doses occupies some 90% of striatal dopamine 2 and 3 (D(2)/D(3)) receptors. In order to further characterize its extrastriatal and time-dependent binding characteristics, the authors conducted positron emission tomography (PET) studies with the D(2)/D(3) antagonist [(18)F]fallypride at varying time points after the last aripiprazole administration in patients with schizophrenia.Sixteen inpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder receiving treatment with aripiprazole underwent an [(18)F]fallypride PET scan. Receptor occupancy was calculated as the percentage reduction in binding potential relative to unblocked values measured in eight age-matched, medication-free patients with schizophrenia. In addition, aripiprazole serum concentrations were determined as part of a routine therapeutic drug monitoring program in a large group of patients (N=128) treated with aripiprazole.Mean dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor occupancy was high in all brain regions investigated, with no binding difference across brain regions. Nonlinear regression analysis revealed maximum attainable receptor occupancy (E(max)) values close to saturation. The values for serum concentration predicted to provide 50% of E(max) (EC(50)) were in the range of 5-10 ng/ml in all brain regions. The D(2)/D(3) receptors were completely saturated when serum aripiprazole concentration exceeded 100-150 ng/ml. The mean concentration in the large clinical patient sample was 228 ng/ml (SD=142).Because of its high affinity for D(2)/D(3) receptors and its long elimination half-life, aripiprazole at clinical doses occupies a high fraction of its target receptor everywhere in the brain. Its dissociation from those receptors is very slow, such that the authors calculate from the results that in patients with serum aripiprazole concentrations in the range typical for clinical practice, D(2)/D(3) receptors must remain nearly saturated for as long as 1 week after the last dose.
Aggressiveness of Familial Prostate Cancer
Authors: Patrick A. Kupelian, Chandana A. Reddy, Alwyn M. Reuther, Arul Mahadevan, Jay P. Ciezki, Eric A. Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To report on the aggressiveness of sporadic versus familial prostate cancer.The study sample consisted of 4,112 stage T1-3 prostate cancer patients. The outcome of interest was biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS). The analysis was performed for two distinct time periods, 1986 to 1992 (year < or = 1992) and 1993 to 2002 (year > or = 1993), to encompass both the early and late prostate-specific antigen (PSA) eras.A positive family history (FH positive) was reported in 16%. The 10-year bRFS rates for patients with negative family history (FH negative) versus FH positive were 59% and 63%, respectively (P = .90). However, in the year < or = 1992 period, the 10-year bRFS rates for FH negative versus FH positive were 45% and 34%, respectively (P = .015). In the year > or = 1993 period, the 10-year bRFS rates for FH negative versus FH positive were 61% and 67%, respectively (P = .54). Multivariate analysis failed to reveal family history as an independent predictor of relapse (P = .42). However, in the subset of patients in each era, family history was an independent predictor of relapse only for those treated in the year < or = 1992 period (P = .038).Family history was an independent predictor of biochemical failure only early in the PSA era, and men with an FH positive presented with more favorable disease later in the PSA era. This suggests that with stage migration and improved therapy, the impact of family history on prognosis has become minimal. However, underlying genetic factors affecting prostate cancer behavior in individuals with familial prostate cancer may still be important in determining individual prognosis.
Outcomes at 1 year and economic implications of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade in patients undergoing coronary stenting: results from a multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Eric J Topol, Daniel B Mark, A Michael Lincoff, Eric Cohen, Jeffrey Burton, Neal Kleiman, David Talley, Shelly Sapp, Joan Booth, Catherine F Cabot, Keaven M Anderson, Robert M Califf
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Glutathione Transferase π Plays a Critical Role in the Development of Lung Carcinogenesis following Exposure to Tobacco-Related Carcinogens and Urethane
Authors: Kenneth J. Ritchie, Colin J. Henderson, Xiu Jun Wang, Olga Vassieva, Dianne Carrie, Peter B. Farmer, Margaret Gaskell, Kevin Park, C. Roland Wolf
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Human cancer is controlled by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Such environmental factors are well defined for smoking-induced lung cancer; however, the roles of specific genes have still to be elucidated. Glutathione transferase pi (GSTP) catalyzes the detoxification of electrophilic diol epoxides produced by the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a common constituent of tobacco smoke. Activity-altering polymorphisms in Gstp have therefore been speculated to be potential risk modifiers in lung cancer development. To clearly establish a role for GSTP in lung tumorigenesis, we investigated whether deletion of the murine Gstp genes (Gstp1 and Gstp2) alters susceptibility to chemically induced lung tumors following exposure to BaP, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), and urethane. Gstp-null mice were found to have substantially increased numbers of adenomas relative to wild-type mice following exposure to all three compounds (8.3-, 4.3-, and 8.7-fold increase for BaP, 3-MC, and urethane, respectively). In Gstp-null mice, the capacity of pulmonary cytosol to catalyze conjugation of the BaP diol epoxide was significantly reduced. Concomitant with this, a significant increase in the level of BaP DNA adducts was measured in the lungs of null animals; however, no increase in DNA adducts was measured in the case of 3-MC exposure, suggesting that an alternative protective pathway exists. Indeed, significant differences in pulmonary gene expression profiles were also noted between wild-type and null mice. This is the first report to establish a clear correlation between Gstp status and lung cancer in vivo.
Pharmacotherapy and airway remodelling in asthma?
Authors: P A Beckett
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Over the last few decades attention has largely focused on airway inflammation in asthma, but more recently it has been appreciated that there are important structural airway changes which have been grouped together under the term "airway remodelling". It is only now that questions have been asked about the impact of treatment on these structural changes. This review examines the nature of these structural airway changes, the mechanisms of their generation, their potential consequences, and what is known about the ability of anti-asthma treatments to modulate these changes.
Lymph Node Dissection Technique Is More Important Than Lymph Node Count in Identifying Nodal Metastases in Radical Cystectomy Patients: A Comparative Mapping Study
Authors: Ryan P. Dorin, Siamak Daneshmand, Manuel S. Eisenberg, Shahin Chandrasoma, Jie Cai, Gus Miranda, Peter W. Nichols, Donald G. Skinner, Eila C. Skinner
Journal: European Urology (2011)
The Importance of Waist Circumference and BMI for Mortality Risk in Diabetic Adults
Authors: Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Gang Hu, William T. Cefalu, Emily Mire, Claude Bouchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We aimed to determine the associations of waist circumference (WC) and BMI with all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes.The sample included 847 white and 553 African American patients (18-69 years of age) with diabetes. Height, weight, and WC were measured, and the BMI (kg/m2) was calculated. Cox regression was used to analyze the associations of BMI and WC with mortality, adjusting for age, sex, race, examination year, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Hazard ratios (HRs) are expressed per standard deviation of each independent variable.A total of 86 deaths occurred during 6.7 years of follow-up. After adjustment for covariates, WC (HR 1.40 [95% CI 1.14-1.72]) and BMI (1.29 [1.04-1.61]) demonstrated significant relationships with mortality.The results indicate that maintaining a healthy WC and BMI are both important for individuals living with diabetes.