tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practical Surgery of the Abdominal and Pelvic Regions
Authors: James William Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in humans require FcγRIIa and the integrin β3 cytoplasmic domain
Authors: Cunji Gao, Brian Boylan, Dan Bougie, Joan C. Gill, Jessica Birenbaum, Debra K. Newman, Richard H. Aster, Peter J. Newman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis following treatment with the integrin αIIbβ3 antagonist eptifibatide are rare complications caused by patient antibodies specific for ligand-occupied αIIbβ3. Whether such antibodies induce platelet clearance by simple opsonization, by inducing mild platelet activation, or both is poorly understood. To gain insight into the mechanism by which eptifibatide-dependent antibodies initiate platelet clearance, we incubated normal human platelets with patient serum containing an αIIbβ3-specific, eptifibatide-dependent antibody. We observed that in the presence of eptifibatide, patient IgG induced platelet secretion and aggregation as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of the integrin β3 cytoplasmic domain, the platelet FcγRIIa Fc receptor, the protein-tyrosine kinase Syk, and phospholipase Cγ2. Each activation event was inhibited by preincubation of the platelets with Fab fragments of the FcγRIIa-specific mAb IV.3 or with the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. Patient serum plus eptifibatide did not, however, activate platelets from a patient with a variant form of Glanzmann thrombasthenia that expressed normal levels of FcγRIIa and the αIIbβ3 complex but lacked most of the β3 cytoplasmic domain. Taken together, these data suggest a novel mechanism whereby eptifibatide-dependent antibodies engage the integrin β3 subunit such that FcγRIIa and its downstream signaling components become activated, resulting in thrombocytopenia and a predisposition to thrombosis.
Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticides and Behavioral Problems in Canadian Children
Authors: Youssef Oulhote, Maryse F. Bouchard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Exposure to organophosphate pesticides has been associated with neurobehavioral deficits in children, although data on low levels of exposure experienced by the general population are sparse. Pyrethroids are insecticides rapidly gaining popularity, and epidemiological evidence on their potential effects is lacking.Objective: We examined the association between exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides, indicated by urinary metabolites, and parentally reported behavioral problems in children.Methods: We used data on children 6–11 years of age from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007–2009). We used logistic regressions to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for high scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which may indicate behavioral problems, in association with concentrations of pyrethroid and organophosphate metabolites in the urine of 779 children, adjusting for covariates (sex, age, race/ethnicity, income, parental education, blood lead levels, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and others).Results: At least one urinary metabolite for organophosphates was detected in 91% of children, and for pyrethroids in 97% of children. Organophosphate metabolites were not significantly associated with high SDQ scores. The pyrethroid metabolite cis-DCCA [3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylycyclopropane carboxylic acid] was significantly associated with high scores for total difficulties on the SDQ (OR for a 10-fold increase = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.6), and there was a nonsignificant association with trans-DCCA (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.9, 3.0).Conclusion: In contrast with previous studies, we did not observe an association between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and behavioral scores in children. However, some pyrethroid urinary metabolites were associated with a high level of parent-reported behavioral problems. Longitudinal studies should be conducted on the potential risks of pyrethroids.Citation: Oulhote Y, Bouchard MF. 2013. Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and behavioral problems in Canadian children. Environ Health Perspect 121:1378–1384; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306667
Selective Enhancement of the Uptake and Bioactivity of a TAT-conjugated Peptide Inhibitor of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3
Authors: Aziza P Manceur, Brandon D Driscoll, Wei Sun, Julie Audet
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

The use of cell-penetrating peptides as transduction vectors is a promising approach to deliver peptides and proteins into cells. However, the uptake and bioavailability of trans-activating transcriptor (TAT)-conjugated molecules vary depending on the cell type and the cargo. This study aimed to determine whether a low-voltage electrical pulse can enhance the TAT-mediated delivery of peptide cargoes in different cell types. In TF-1 and mouse embryonic stem cells, the uptake of a novel detachable TAT-conjugated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) peptide inhibitor was enhanced by an order of magnitude without affecting the cell viability. A similar increase in uptake was achieved in primary mouse bone marrow cells while maintaining >80% of their viability. Interestingly, under these low-voltage conditions, the uptake of a control peptide not conjugated to TAT was not significantly increased. A T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) luciferase reporter assay was also used to assess the bioactivity of the TAT construct. The results indicated that cells loaded with a low-voltage electrical pulse had a twofold increase in TCF/LEF activity, which was equivalent to a level of GSK-3 inhibition similar to that of cells treated with 20 mmol/l lithium or 500 nmol/l (2'Z,3'E)-6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime. These results demonstrate the usefulness of low-voltage electrical pulses to enhance the uptake and bioactivity of TAT-conjugated molecules in different cell types.
The Social Meaning of Suicide
Authors: Samuel Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The finality of a successful suicide imparts to this subject transcendent importance. Physician, friend, and family may share in its deep involvement. Any who seek some sort of physical, metaphysical, or psychological assistance from this book will be disappointed. In sociological vein, Douglas reviews first Durkheim's<i>Suicide</i>, originally published in 1897. In brief, Durkheim advanced the proposition that social (altruistic) forces influence the general trend of suicide or "suicidal rates," while individual forces (egoism) determine the end result or action of the individual in this direction. Imbalance of these forces may tip the scale. One might say that society predisposes while man disposes. Douglas devotes much of his book to critical analysis of Durkheim's work and others that followed. Little escapes criticism or questioning—from evaluating methods of collecting statistical data to philosophical inquiry into the meaning of suicide and death. Douglas hesitates to accept official reports of suicide; he stresses
Increased serum pancreatic enzymes after treatment with methylprednisolone: possible evidence of subclinical pancreatitis.
Authors: P Dandona, D Junglee, A Katrak, V Fonseca, C W Havard
Journal: BMJ (1985)

previously.Usually P vivax is superimposed on P falciparum so that when the patient has apparently recovered P vivax malaria recurs.This case of double infection with two relapses (recrudescences)5 of P falciparum malaria after chemotherapy with chloroquine and a relapse of P vivax malaria after the usual dosage of primaquine for radical cure confirms the increasing importance of the problem of drug resistant malaria imported from the tropics into Europe.1 Rollo IM.Drugs used in the chemotherapy of malaria.In:
Falling Hematocrit Value on Cessation of Smoking
Authors: Maurie Markman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A falling hematocrit value three or four days after the admission of a critically ill patient to the hospital is a cause of great concern. Several possible causes must be considered. Bleeding into a surgical site or area of previous trauma, stress gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, hydration, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia secondary to medication, or even excessive phlebotomy done to follow laboratory values in these complex patients are all at one time or another implicated as the cause of falling hematocrit values. An additional factor that has not received attention but that perhaps should in this particular group of patients is alterations in plasma volume secondary to the abrupt discontinuation of smoking in heavy smokers. Rapid changes in hematocrit values occurring over several days have been noted with the sudden cessation (decreased value) or resumption (increased value) of smoking,<sup>1</sup>and it has even been recommended that the fall in hematocrit value after discontinuation of smoking be used as a screening test to distinguish polycythemia caused by smoking from polycythemia vera.<sup>2</sup> Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the changes observed. These include abnormalities
Primary care trusts lack the skills to implement Darzi reforms, say MPs
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Primary care trusts in England lack the analytical, planning, and management skills needed to successfully implement the reforms of the NHS recommended by the health minister Ara Darzi, says a cross party group of MPs. 

In its report on Lord Darzi’s next stage review, the House of Commons Health Committee says that the quality of leadership in the NHS must improve. Many doctors are put off becoming senior managers and need more training and support to take on management responsibilities. Better use must also be made of the NHS graduate management scheme to help develop better managers, say the MPs.

The final report of Lord Darzi’s next stage review was published at the end of June last year ( BMJ 2008;337:a642, doi:10.1136/bmj.a642). Its main emphasis was on improving the quality of care in …
Fluid Movement in Occluded Single Capillaries of Rabbit Omentum
Authors: J. S. LEE, L. H. SMAJE, B. W. ZWEIFACH
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The sequence of transcapillary fluid movement during microocclusion of single capillaries was investigated on the theoretical basis of the Starling hypothesis. For most capillaries studied, the theory agrees reasonably well with the experiments with red cells used as the tags for fluid movement. By analyzing the sequence of the movement of the red cell in one single occlusion, it was possible to calculate the filtration coefficient and the effective pressure. The effective pressure ranged from 28 to 38 cm H 2 O. Since the arterial pressure in the capillary is about 20 to 30 cm H 2 O, the calculations suggest that about 10 cm H 2 O of the effective pressure is contributed by tissue factors, i.e., a negative hydrostatic pressure or a substantial colloidal osmotic pressure in the tissue space or both. The calculated filtration coefficient for the capillaries ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 µ 3 /(sec µ 2 cm H 2 O).
A Marxist View of Medical Care
Authors: HOWARD WAITZKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Marxist studies of medical care emphasize political power and economic dominance in capitalist society. Although historically the Marxist paradigm went into eclipse during the early twentieth century, the field has developed rapidly during recent years. The health system mirrors the society's class structure through control over health institutions, stratification of health workers, and limited occupational mobility into health professions. Monopoly capital is manifest in the growth of medical centers, financial penetration by large corporations, and the "medical-industrial complex." Health policy recommendations reflect different interest groups' political and economic goals. The state's intervention in health care generally protects the capitalist economic system and the private sector. Medical ideology helps maintain class structure and patterns of domination. Comparative international research analyzes the effects of imperialism, changes under socialism, and contradictions of health reform in capitalist societies. Historical materialist epidemiology focuses on economic cycles, social stress, illness-generating conditions of work, and sexism. Health praxis, the disciplined uniting of study and action, involves advocacy of "nonreformist reforms" and concrete types of political struggle.
Lesson of the week: Are spontaneous hypoglycaemia, raised plasma insulin and c peptide concentrations, and abnormal pancreatic images enough to diagnose insulinoma?
Authors: P Perros, A K Henderson, D C Carter, A D Toft
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Spontaneous fasting hypoglycaemia is rare, and in adults the usual underlying cause is insulinoma.1 Most insulinomas are small tumours, and currently available imaging techniques fail to detect a large proportion of them, so that the diagnosis may have to be based on the presence of spontaneous hypoglycaemia associated with inappropriately raised plasma insulin and C peptide concentrations. In such cases laparotomy with exploration of the pancreas may be the next logical step.

A 42 year old nurse presented with a five month history of dizziness, ataxia, and paraesthesiae, which improved after eating carbohydrates. Her medical history included acute sarcoidosis, which had resolved 24 years ago, temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosed 13 years previously, and episodic numbness of her right shoulder and face for 12 years, the cause of which had been attributed to possible demyelination. She took sodium valproate to control her epilepsy. She did not smoke and drank minimal quantities of alcohol.

Clinical examination did not indicate any abnormality. During a supervised 24 hour fast in hospital she remained symptom free with normal glucose concentrations. Four months later her symptoms became more frequent and severe. On several occasions her plasma glucose concentration was in the hypoglycaemic range (1.7-2.2 mmol/l) and accompanied by symptoms: these resolved with the administration of …
Augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by doses of cyclophosphamide which do not affect antibody responses.
Authors: P W Askenase, B J Hayden, R K Gershon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Mice immunized with more SRBC than are required to produce optimal delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, developed good antibody responses and poor delayed foot pad reactions. Cyclophosphamide treatment in low doses (20 mg/kg) before immunization, augmented the delayed-type hypersensitivity without affecting antibody responses. Cyclophosphamide did not augment delayed responses to optimal doses of SRBC (0.01%), but did augment the delayed hypersensitivity response of mice immunized with a suboptimal antigen dose (0.001%); which produced no detectable antibody response with or without cyclophosphamide pretreatment. These results suggest that antibody feedback is not the sole regulator of delayed reactions; the possibility that suppressor T cells may also be involved is discussed.
Bone marrow transplantation demonstrates medullar origin of CD34+ fibrocytes and ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in Abcb4−/− mice
Authors: Martin Roderfeld, Timo Rath, Robert Voswinckel, Christian Dierkes, Hartmut Dietrich, Daniel Zahner, Jürgen Graf, Elke Roeb
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells and CD34+ fibrocytes are associated with fibrogenesis in several organs. In an Abcb4 −/− mouse model for sclerosing cholangitis alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA+) myofibroblasts are thought to play a pivotal role in hepatic fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was 2-fold: (1) to demonstrate that the origin of an important fibrogenetic cell population is the BM; and (2) to investigate whether transplantation of BM (BM-Tx) affects liver function, staging, and grading. Surrogate markers for fibrogenesis and regulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) as well as progenitor-cell-derived fibrocytes in liver tissue were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistology. After lethal irradiation of recipient mice, BM-Tx was carried out by way of tail vein injection of BM cells from marker protein donors (green fluorescent protein, GFP+) or Abcb4 −/− mice as control (syngeneic Tx). Parameters of liver function were assessed serologically and histologically. Activated HSC of α-SMA+/CRP2+ phenotype were expressed in ≈50% of proliferating bile ducts, whereas fibrotic liver parenchyma showed no expression thereof. Epithelial mesenchymal transfer (EMT) was visualized in the areas of proliferating bile ducts. The hematopoietic origin of CD34+ fibrocytes was demonstrated immunohistologically in livers of BM chimeric mice. These CD34+ cells infiltrated hepatic lobules from portal fields and developed a desmin+ phenotype expressing collagen type I in fibrotic parenchyma as well as in vitro after isolation by magnetic cell separation. Transplantation of GFP+/ Abcb4 + BM improved liver function and staging compared with sham transplantation, but no significant differences were noticed among allogeneic and syngeneic Tx. Conclusion: The present study is the first to identify that both BM-derived fibrocytes and HSC are involved in biliary fibrogenesis in Abcb4 −/− mice. Our data suggest that changes in immunity subsequent to BM-Tx may alter hepatic fibrosis. (Hepatology 2009.)
ALS Linked to 3-D Changes in DNA
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The immunofluorescence findings in Indian pemphigus
Authors: Fenella Wojnarowska, B. Bhogal, M.M. Black, L.K. Bhutani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article The immunofluorescence findings in Indian pemphigus Get access Fenella Wojnarowska, Fenella Wojnarowska Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London WC2 7BJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Bhogal, B. Bhogal Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London WC2 7BJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Black, M.M. Black Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London WC2 7BJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.K. Bhutani L.K. Bhutani Department of Dermato‐Venereology, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 4, 1 April 1985, Pages 503–504, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02327.x Published: 01 April 1985
A new case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia B‐cell type with chromosomal rearrangements involving the T‐cell receptor breakpoint at band 14q11
Authors: J. C. Cigudosa, M. J. Calasanz, A. Gullón, F. Prósper, B. Cuesta, J. Rifón, E. Rocha
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

A patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a translocation t(8;14) (q24;q11) is described. Translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) is commonly associated with B-cell leukemia; nevertheless, translocations affecting chromosome 14 at band q11 are associated with T-cell malignancies, since the locus 14q11 contains genes that encode for the alpha and delta chains of the T-cell receptor (TCR). This finding points to the idea that the association between 14q11 rearrangements and T-cell neoplasia is less than complete.
High‐efficiency vacuum cleaners increase personal mite allergen exposure, but only slightly
Authors: R. B. Gore, B. Durrell, S. Bishop, L. Curbishley, A. Woodcock, A. Custovic
Journal: Allergy (2005)

High-efficiency particulate-arrest-filter vacuum cleaners are recommended to allergy sufferers although their use increases personal cat allergen exposure. We aimed to measure personal mite allergen exposure during vacuum cleaning by nasal air sampling and to compare exposures while vacuuming and emptying the vacuum cleaner bag.Five brand new high-efficiency vacuum cleaners were selected. An old, previously used vacuum cleaner with its original microfilter in situ was used as a control. Nasal air samples were taken prior to and during vacuum cleaning in 10 homes. Samples were processed by HALOgen assay. Personal mite and cat allergen exposure was measured as the dust compartments were emptied.There was an increase in personal mite allergen exposure with vacuum cleaning, which approached significance (P = 0.058). There was no difference between the high-efficiency vacuum cleaners and the control vacuum cleaner (P = 0.141). When the dust compartments were emptied, personal mite and cat allergen exposure increased (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS. The increase in personal mite allergen exposure while vacuum cleaning in an area with mild to moderate mite allergen exposure is small. High-efficiency vacuum cleaners confer no benefit and cannot currently be recommended to allergy sufferers as a means of reducing personal mite allergen exposure.
CT Angiography and 18F-FDG-PET Fusion Imaging for Prosthetic Heart Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Wilco Tanis, Asbjørn Scholtens, Jesse Habets, Renee B.A. van den Brink, Lex A. van Herwerden, Steven A.J. Chamuleau, Ricardo P.J. Budde
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)