tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COPD: CardiOPulmonary Disease?
Authors: Steven M. Kawut
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by the presence of airflow limitation which is not fully reversible, but COPD encompasses numerous phenotypes [1]. Phenotypes are the products of genetic and environmental interactions, with “environment” being broadly defined. The systematic measurement and analysis of clinical and other qualitative and quantitative traits may refine COPD phenotypes, features of which may be shared between different disease states [2, 3]. Han et al. [4] have defined clinical phenotypes in COPD as “a single or combination of disease attributes that describe differences between individuals with COPD as they relate to clinically meaningful outcomes (symptoms, exacerbations, response to therapy, rate of disease progression, or death).” Identification of such phenotypes would not only facilitate outcome prediction and “personalised” treatment, but also improve the understanding of critical biological and mechanistic disease pathways. The systemic impact of COPD has led to consideration of extrapulmonary disease manifestations in recent efforts to construct these phenotypes.

This issue of the European Respiratory Journal contains one of two recent studies that focus on cardiovascular phenotyping in COPD [5, 6]. Hurdman et al. [5] have carefully evaluated the phenotype of severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥40 mmHg) in COPD (PH-COPD) in comparison to the mild–moderate PH phenotype in a prospective cohort of patients referred to a specialty centre over almost a decade [7]. Echocardiography, spirometry and lung computed tomography (CT) imaging were performed with standardised interpretation. 59 patients with severe PH-COPD were compared to 42 patients with mild–moderate PH-COPD, with complete follow-up in all. Patients with severe PH-COPD had worse oxygenation and a lower diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide ( D LCO), but higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity …
Abstract 4567: Polyubiquitin K63-related CD137 signalsomes in T cells stimulated with agonist anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Ivan Martinez Forero, Arantza Azpilicueta, Estanislao Nistal Villan, Asis Palazon, Ana Rouzaut, Tomas Aragon, Juan Dubrot, Oihana Murillo, Sandra Hervás-Stubbs, Ignacio Melero
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Agonist anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies are employed to enhance CD8-mediated antitumor immunity both in mouse models and in clinical trials. A panel of agonist anti-human CD137 mAb was prepared recognizing three different epitopes on the CD137 surface glycoprotein. All mAb costimulated T cell activation irrespectively of interference or not with natural ligand-binding. Interestingly, CD137 perturbation with agonist mAb results in internalization towards a vesicular endosomal compartment derived from the plasma membrane. Such internalization was observed on CD137 transfectants in 293 cellsas well as on primary activated T cells from humans and mice. In vivo treatment with anti-CD137 mAb of immunodeficient mice harboring activated human or mouse T cells results in internalization of CD137 to this vesicular compartment. CD137 is known to associate with TRAF2 at the plasma membrane. TRAF-2 is an adaptor protein endowed with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that synthesizes k63-polyubiquitin chains. K63 polyubiquitin, as opposed to K48 polyubiquitin, constitute a docking site for downtream signaling proteins that lead to NF-kB and AP-1 activation. CD137 vesicles are decorated with k63-polyubiquitin and CD137 stimulation leads to the formation of K63-polyub containing complexes. Therefore CD137 stimulation under therapy like conditions with mAbs leads to the assembly of an intracellular signaling compartment that we term as CD137 -signalsomes Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4567. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4567
COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ABOUT ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY BETWEEN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND PROSTHETIC HEART VALVE PATIENTS AND ITS&amp;apos; RELATION TO INR GOAL ATTAINMENT
Authors: Konstantinos Farsalinos, Ioannis Trikilis, Alketa Spyrou, Maria Savvopoulou, Anna Kostopoulou, Efthimios Livanis, Vassilis Voudris
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Platelet-Suppressant Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Peter Steele
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Platelets may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to the complications of coronary atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and sudden cardiac death. In addition, platelets may contribute to saphenous vein aortocoronary graft occlusion. Of 104 men with coronary artery disease, platelet survival (SURV) (chromium51 labeling) was shortened in 68% (3.1+/-0.03 days [average+/-SEM]; normal, 3.7+/-0.03 days; P greater than .001). Three platelet-suppressant drugs, sulfinpyrazone, clofibrate, and dipyridamole increased SURV. Saphenous vein graft occlusion was associated with shortened SURV. Of 36 men with occlusion of at least one graft, SURV was shortened in 35 (2.5+/-0.08 days), whereas in 19 with all grafts open, SURV was shortened in six (3.5+/-0.10 days; P less than .01). These drugs increased SURV (2.3 +/- 0.08 to 2.7 +/- 0.11 days; P less than 0.1) and were associated with improved graft patency (four of 32 grafts after initial bypass vs 30 of 34 grafts open after second operation).
Purification and partial sequencing of the nuclear autoantigen RA33 shows that it is indistinguishable from the A2 protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex.
Authors: G Steiner, K Hartmuth, K Skriner, I Maurer-Fogy, A Sinski, E Thalmann, W Hassfeld, A Barta, J S Smolen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

RA33 is a nuclear autoantigen with an apparent molecular mass of 33 kD. Autoantibodies against RA33 are found in about 30% of sera from RA patients, but only occasionally in sera from patients with other connective tissue diseases. To characterize RA33, the antigen was purified from HeLa cell nuclear extracts to more than 90% homogeneity by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and by chromatofocusing. Sequence analysis of five tryptic peptides revealed that their sequences matched corresponding sequences of the A2 protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complex. Furthermore, RA33 was shown to be present in the 40S hnRNP complex and to behave indistinguishably from A2 in binding to single stranded DNA. In summary, these data strongly indicate that RA33 and A2 are the same protein, and thus identify on a molecular level a new autoantigen.
Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction Demonstrated by Technetium-99m Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, SARA GIPS, AVI FRONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Inferior vena cava obstruction has been evaluated by radionuclides using mainly a dynamic flow study technique and Tc-99m labeled colloid, MAA and DTPA. Tc-99m labeled RBCs have been used in deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb, but have not been described in inferior vena cava obstruction. The authors suggest that the use of Tc-99m RBCs for demonstration of inferior vena cava obstruction is superior to Tc-99m colloid, MAA, or DTPA, because dynamic as well as multiple static views can be obtained.
HETEROGENEITY IN TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE WITH INTENSIVE BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL: AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: VIVEK BHATIA, Shiv K. Agarwal, Girish N. Nadkarni, Manpreet S. Sabharwal, Alexandros Briasoulis, Narender Annapureddy, Sripal Bangalore, Franz H. Messerli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sudden Death after Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: J. W. Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1950)

The heart sounds were good, there were no muirmurs, and the heart shadow was nor,nal.His pulse was 74 a minute; the vessel wall was not palpable.His blood pressure was 140/85 mm.Hg.Urinary investigations revealed nothing abnormal.On July 31 tetraethylammonium chloride, 6 ml. (8.5 mg. per kg.) twice daily by intramuscular injection, was started.On August 5 he had a sudden attack of dyspnoea, substernal pain radiating to the arms, diminished right respiratory movement, and poor air entry on the right side.X-ray examination showed slight elevation of the diaphragm.His blood pressure was 100/70 mm.Hg.An electrocardiogram showed changes consistent with posterior myocardial infarction.Although the possibility of coincidence cannot be excluded, it is thought that in these cases tetraethylammonium therapy was at least a contributory cause of the acute cardiac lesions.Great care should be exercised in the use of this drug in any patient showing evidence of arteriosclerosis even in the absence of hypertension or marked cardiac symptoms.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE TEACHING OF CLINICAL MEDICINE.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AT THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT NEW ORLEANS, MAY 5-8, 1903.
Authors: WILLIAM SYDNEY THAYER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

A hundred years ago the young American republic bought from the French government that great tract of land of which the little frontier city of Nouvelle Orleans was the chief settlement.It is a happy chance that brings us together on the centennial anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase in this metropolis of the south.One hundred years\p=m-\a small space of time in the world's history, and yet what events have been crowded into this little period!A hundred years ago the country west of the Mississippi was a wilderness.To-day we meet, a national body, the majority, perhaps, of our members coming from what was then forest and prairie, inhabited only by savage and wild beast.And the young democracy, then all but unknown to the powerful em- pires of the east, has become the dominating factor in the markets of the civilized world.In this amazing growth and expansion, in this tre- mendous accumulation of wealth and strength and Power, it was scarcely to be expected that our contribu- ions to science would keep pace with those of the Old w°rld, where accumulated wealth, settled conditions and ^ell equipped institutions of learning naturally tempt the studious and contemplative, mind to problems of Science and research.And yet, how many of the great discoveries and inventions of the century have come j^oin this new country !In our own branch of learning ^e record is one of which we may well be proud.The iscovery of anoesthesia, the demonstration by Holmes of ûe contagiousness of puerperal infection, the studies y. the students of Louis on typhoid fever, the accom- plishments of Bigelow and Sims and McDowell and, astly, the noble work of Reed, Lazear, Carroll and Agra- ^°nte in Cuba and of those who have demonstrated to he world the practical value of their great discoveries- nese are but a few examples of an honorable record.And during this period what a change has come over ^e condition of medical education in this country!une hundred years ago there were three schools of Medicine in America: the Department of Medicine of."e
Effect of hematocrit on the washout of xenon and iodantipyrine from dog myocardium.
Authors: R Carlin, S Chien
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The rates of washout of 133Xe and 131I-iodoantipyrine from the myocardium into the coronary sinus blood were determined over a wide range of hematocrits after simultaneous injection of the isotopes into the left anterior descending coronary artery of dogs. The ratio of the monoexponential disappearance constants (kX/kI), which is a measure of the ratio of the dynamic blood-tissue partition coefficients (lambdabIX/lambdabtI), increases linearly with hematocrit. This dynamic lambdabt ratio has almost the same relationship to hematocrit as the static lambdabt ratio. By the use of appropriate hemotocrit-specific lambdabt values, we found that simultaneous blood flows calculated from the two indicators with different disappearance constants showed excellent agreement. If this hematocrit-dependent alteration in indicator partitioning is neglected, blood flow measurement in the dog with 133Xe washout may introduce an error of approximately 1.15% per unit hematocrit deviation from the normal value (taken as 45%), whereas blood flow measurements with 131I-iodanatipyrine washout had negligible errors.
Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Histogenesis and premalignant lesions
Authors: S. C. Ming
Journal: JAMA (1974)

FROM A histological point of view, the development of gastric carcinoma involves three fundamental problems: the cellular origins of cancer cells, the developmental sequences of cancer, and the premalignant conditions. Important information is available, although it is incomplete and in some aspects, controversial. I report the current thoughts on these problems. <h3>Cellular Origins of Carcinoma.—</h3> The gastric mucosa presents a complex composition, both normally and in pathological states. As far as carcinomas are concerned, evidence indicates that the mucus-producing cells and their variants are primarily involved.<sup>30</sup>The generation of foveolar mucus cells occurs in the neck portion of the normal stomach. Frequently, the newly formed cells are poorly differentiated, ie, at the margin of a chronic ulcer. In chronic injury, the gastric mucosa often transforms itself to simulate the mucosa of the small intestine, a phenomenon known as intestinal metaplasia. In severe cases, there is a total absence of
Abdominal Epilepsy
Authors: Mark A. Peppercorn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Four patients, aged 17 to 47 years, had paroxysmal abdominal pain associated with symptoms suggestive of a CNS disturbance. None had a discernible primary gastrointestinal process, but each had EEG abnormalities and a striking response to anticonvulsant medication. These findings suggest that abdominal epilepsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained paroxysmal abdominal pain. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2450-2451, 1978)
Better feedback on prescribing for general practitioners
Authors: C M Harris
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> There is a wealth of literature on the observed association between childhood trauma and psychotic illness. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis is complex and could be explained, in part, by gene-environment correlation. <h3>Methods</h3> The association between schizophrenia polygenic scores (PGS) and experiencing childhood trauma was investigated using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Schizophrenia PGS were derived in each cohort for children, mothers, and fathers where genetic data were available. Measures of trauma exposure were derived based on data collected throughout childhood and adolescence (0-17 years; ALSPAC) and at age 8 years (MoBa). <h3>Results</h3> Within ALSPAC, we found a positive association between schizophrenia PGS and exposure to trauma across childhood and adolescence; effect sizes were consistent for both child or maternal PGS. We found evidence of an association between the schizophrenia PGS and the majority of trauma subtypes investigated, with the exception of bullying. These results were comparable in MoBa. Within ALSPAC, genetic liability to a range of additional psychiatric traits was also associated with a greater trauma exposure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Results from two international birth cohorts indicate that genetic liability for a range of psychiatric traits is associated with experiencing childhood trauma. GWAS of psychiatric phenotypes may also reflect risk factors for these phenotypes. Our findings also suggest that youth at higher genetic risk might require greater resources/support to ensure they grow-up in a healthy environment.
HYDRONEPHROSIS DUE TO ABERRANT RENAL ARTERY
Authors: E. C. Bevers
Journal: BMJ (1922)

THE favourable influence of a strawberry diet on sprue lias been known for some time.As it is difficult and expensive to get strawberries except in the slhort season, and, moreover, strawberries forcibly 24-25 grown out of season do 11not seeili to lhave tile <O 1 6 m~Same beneficial e'flect, we sought a metlhod -, .by wlliclh the active ptrinciple or principles c could be extracted and ;L ED .STO fstored.6mmThe experiments of I5TB*e
Endothelial targeting of the Sleeping Beauty transposon within lung
Authors: Li Liu, Sonia Sanz, Arnold D. Heggestad, Vijay Antharam, Lucia Notterpek, Bradley S. Fletcher
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Endothelial cells have complex roles in the pathophysiology of vascular and heart disease and are increasingly being recognized as targets for gene therapy. The intravenous administration of plasmid DNA complexed to lipid tends to target transfection of endothelial cells within the lung; however, expression from the transgene remains transient. Here we utilize the integrating capability of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon for durable gene transfer within lung endothelia. To restrict expression of the transgene, an endothelial cell-specific promoter, endothelin-1, was placed within the transposon. Further refinements to the transposon increased in vitro transposition efficiency by 3.6-fold. Utilizing this optimized transposon we evaluated the expression of two reporter molecules, secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and intracellular GFP, following administration of DNA-polyethylenimine complexes to mice. Long-term expression (>2 months) of SEAP occurred only with cotransfection of adequate amounts of transposase. Localization studies using the GFP reporter, at 3 days and 6 weeks postinjection, demonstrated that the majority of transgene-expressing cells were of endothelial origin, while the second most abundant cell type was type II pneumocyte. These results suggest that the SB transposon can be adapted to target particular cell types, in this case, endothelial cells. Such an approach may be useful for gene therapy paradigms involving the long-term modulation of vascular and endothelial cell biology.
The Role of the Prostatic Vasculature as a Landmark for Nerve Sparing During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Vipul R. Patel, Oscar Schatloff, Sanket Chauhan, Ananthakrishnan Sivaraman, Rair Valero, Rafael F. Coelho, Bernardo Rocco, Kenneth J. Palmer, Darian Kameh
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Compulsions, Parkinson's disease, and stimulation
Authors: Luc Mallet, Valérie Mesnage, Jean-Luc Houeto, Antoine Pelissolo, Jérôme Yelnik, Cécile Behar, Marcella Gargiulo, Marie-Laure Welter, Anne-Marie Bonnet, Bernard Pillon, Philippe Cornu, Didier Dormont, Bernard Pidoux, Jean-François Allilaire, Yves Agid
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEW-BORN WITH DIRECT TRANSFUSION INTO LONGITUDINAL SINUS THROUGH ANTERIOR FONTANEL
Authors: John A. Shoemaker
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Mrs. L. S., aged 32, a normal secundipara, was delivered normally of an 8 pound girl, Aug. 21, 1922, after three hours' labor in the hospital. The baby's life was entirely uneventful until August 24, when, at 3: 30 p. m., the attending physician was called to the hospital with the urgent message that the baby had vomited an immense quantity of blood, which had soaked through the mother's gown and into the bedding. The baby had nursed a few minutes previously, and was about to be returned to the nursery. From 3:30 to 4:30 p. m., it had three more hemorrhages from the stomach, bright red and rather profuse. Between 4:30 and 5:30, three large bowel movements almost entirely of blood were passed. This, however, was dark and in the form of large clots. The following measures were taken in sequence: 20 grains (1.3 gm.) of calcium lactate, given
Regional myocardial blood flow measurements before and after coronary bypass surgery. A preliminary report.
Authors: D E Korbuly, A Formanek, G Gypser, R Moore, T W Ovitt, N Tuna, K Amplatz
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Myocardial blood flow in 16 patients before and after coronary bypass surgery in conjunction with coronary angiography, left ventricular function measurement, and graded exercise test. Radioactive 133-Xe was injected into the coronary artery or bypass graft and the washout was recorded by an Anger camera. Myocardial blood flow increased in 11 out of 14 patients and decreased in three patients. The average flow was 55 (plus or minus 6) preoperatively and 96 (plus or minus 10) ml 100 g/min postoperatively. Increase of blood flow occurred in both the bypassed left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) region and the nonbypassed left circumflex coronary artery (LCIR) region. The postoperative flow increase and the absolute postoperative flow values are higher with saphenous vein than with mammary artery grafts. Statistically significant correlation is not found between myocardial blood flow changes and exerice tolerance. The volume measurements (end diastolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction) remained unchanged.
Is Bariatric Surgery Worth It?
Authors: Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

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