tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise dependence, social physique anxiety, and social support in experienced and inexperienced bodybuilders and weightlifters
Authors: Richard Hurst, Bruce Hale, David Smith, David Collins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

To investigate psychological correlates of exercise dependence in experienced and inexperienced bodybuilders and weightlifters. Secondary objectives included measuring social physique anxiety, bodybuilding identity, and social support among bodybuilders and weightlifters.Thirty five experienced bodybuilders, 31 inexperienced bodybuilders, and 23 weightlifters completed the bodybuilding dependence scale, a bodybuilding version of the athletic identity measurement scale, the social physique anxiety scale, and an adapted version of the social support survey-clinical form.A between subjects multivariate analysis of variance was calculated on the scores of the three groups of lifters for the four questionnaires. Univariate F tests and follow up tests indicated that experienced bodybuilders scored significantly higher than inexperienced bodybuilders and weightlifters on bodybuilding dependence (p<0.001), social identity and exclusivity subscales of bodybuilding identity (p<0.001), and social support scales (p<.001), and significantly lower on social physique anxiety (p<0.001).Experienced bodybuilders exhibit more exercise dependence, show greater social support behaviour, and experience less social physique anxiety than inexperienced bodybuilders and weightlifters.
3D FUSION OF LV VENOUS ANATOMY ON FLUOROSCOPY VENOGRAMS WITH EPICARDIAL SURFACES ON SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGES FOR GUIDING CRT LV LEAD PLACEMENT
Authors: Weihua Zhou, Jiangang Zou, Marina Piccinelli, Xiangyang Tang, Lijun Tang, Kejiang Cao, Ernest V. Garcia, Ji Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 Update of Recommendations for the Use of Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lyndsay Harris, Herbert Fritsche, Robert Mennel, Larry Norton, Peter Ravdin, Sheila Taube, Mark R. Somerfield, Daniel F. Hayes, Robert C. Bast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

To update the recommendations for the use of tumor marker tests in the prevention, screening, treatment, and surveillance of breast cancer.For the 2007 update, an Update Committee composed of members from the full Panel was formed to complete the review and analysis of data published since 1999. Computerized literature searches of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library were performed. The Update Committee's literature review focused attention on available systematic reviews and meta-analyses of published tumor marker studies. In general, significant health outcomes (overall survival, disease-free survival, quality of life, lesser toxicity, and cost-effectiveness) were used for making recommendations. Recommendations andThirteen categories of breast tumor markers were considered, six of which were new for the guideline. The following categories showed evidence of clinical utility and were recommended for use in practice: CA 15-3, CA 27.29, carcinoembryonic antigen, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, urokinase plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and certain multiparameter gene expression assays. Not all applications for these markers were supported, however. The following categories demonstrated insufficient evidence to support routine use in clinical practice: DNA/ploidy by flow cytometry, p53, cathepsin D, cyclin E, proteomics, certain multiparameter assays, detection of bone marrow micrometastases, and circulating tumor cells.
Predicting outcomes and drug resistance with standardised treatment of active tuberculosis
Authors: O. Oxlade, K. Schwartzman, M. Pai, J. Heymann, A. Benedetti, S. Royce, D. Menzies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

New World Health Organization guidelines recommend initial treatment of active tuberculosis (TB) with a 6-month regimen utilising rifampin throughout. We have modelled expected treatment outcomes, including drug resistance, with this regimen, compared to an 8-month regimen with rifampin for the first 2 months only, followed by standardised retreatment. A deterministic model was used to predict treatment outcomes in hypothetical cohorts of 1,000 new smear-positive cases from seven countries with varying prevalence of initial drug resistance. Model inputs were taken from published systematic reviews. Predicted outcomes included number of deaths, failures and relapses, plus the proportion with drug resistance. Sensitivity analyses examined different risks of acquired drug resistance. Compared to use of the standardised 8-month regimen, for every 1,000 new TB cases treated with the 6-month regimen we predict that 48-86 fewer persons will require retreatment, and 3-12 deaths would be avoided. However, the proportion failing or relapsing after retreatment is predicted to be higher, because with the 6-month regimen 50-94% of failures and 3-56% of relapses will have multidrug-resistant TB. We predict substantial public health benefits from changing from the 8-month to the 6-month regimen. However in almost all settings the current standardised retreatment regimen will no longer be adequate.
JUMPING ABILITY AND CHANGE OF JUMPING ABILITY AS RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING JUMPER'S KNEE
Authors: H Visnes, H Aandahl, R Bahr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction The ‘jumper's knee paradox’, where symptomatic athletes appear to perform better in a counter movement jump (CMJ) compared to asymptomatic controls in previous case-control studies, is not fully understood. The aim was to examine the relationship between jumping ability and change of jumping ability as potential risk factors for developing jumper's knee. Methods A 5-year prospective cohort study among elite volleyball players, aged 16–18 was performed. Jump tests were done on a portable force plate at the time of inclusion and semi-annually. Jumper's knee was diagnosed based on a standardised clinical examination. Results 150 students (68 males and 82 females) were included and 28 developed jumper's knee (22 males and 6 females). At the time of inclusion, male athletes who went on to develop jumper's knee had significantly better results in CMJ (38.0±5.8 cm) compared to asymptomatic males(34.6±5.5 cm, p=0.03), while no difference was detected in standing jump (SJ: jumper's knee: 30.3±7.4 cm, asymptomatic: 28.1±6.1 cm, p=0.23). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis corrected for gender and previous volleyball training, the OR was 2.09 (1.03–4.25) per cm difference in CMJ at the time of inclusion. Our results did not reveal any significant differences in the change in jumping ability between the groups, although both groups improved their jump performance. Conclusion Volleyball players with a natural ability for jumping high are at an increased risk for developing jumper's knee.
De-Epicardialization: A Simple, Effective Surgical Treatment for Angina Pectoris
Authors: DWIGHT E. HARKEN, HARRISON BLACK, JAMES F. DICKSON, HUGH E. WILSON
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Removal of the epicardium of the dog's heart with 95 per cent phenol permits anastomoses between pericardial vessels and the coronary arteries that are large enough to carry the Schlesinger mass (40 micra or larger). In 18 patients suffering from intractable angina pectoris an operation consisting of phenolization, instillation of talc and pneumonopexy has resulted in consistent relief of pain. The simplicity of the procedure exposes the patient to minimum risk of fresh thrombosis; its effectiveness justifies further trial.
What's the (end) point?
Authors: Corey E. Ventetuolo, Steven M. Kawut
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Clinicians caring for children or adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) face a number of challenges, not the least of which is determining whether a patient has met treatment targets based on changes in a given test (such as the 6-min walk distance (6MWD)) and whether these changes translate to meaningful improvements in that patient's quality of life or survival. While several treatment benchmarks (such as achieving a 6MWD >380–440 m) have been put forth in recent consensus guidelines, none of the proposed intermediates has been established as a true surrogate for disease outcomes in PAH [1, 2]. Well-established disease correlates may be inadequate surrogate end-points for outcomes in paediatric and adult PAH <http://ow.ly/EUYOQ>
Molecular characterization of a locus required for hyaluronic acid capsule production in group A streptococci.
Authors: B A Dougherty, I van de Rijn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

To characterize the production of hyaluronate capsule by the membrane-associated enzyme hyaluronate synthase (HAS), group A streptococci from a recent outbreak of acute rheumatic fever were mutagenized via Tn916 insertion. Acapsular transconjugants harboring multiple, nontandem copies of the transposon were identified and found to lack HAS activity (less than 1% of wild-type levels). Generalized transduction was then performed to determine which Tn916 insertion was responsible for the HAS- phenotype. These marker exchange experiments resulted in the isolation of two distinct classes of acapsular transductants, designated WF61 and WF62. Both transductants also lacked significant HAS activity, and excision of the transposon from WF62 restored capsular hyaluronate production. Southern analysis of WF61 DNA demonstrated a large deletion of genomic DNA adjacent to the Tn916 insertion. This deletion event is presumably responsible for the observed stability of the acapsular phenotype of WF61. Further analyses of transductant whole-cell DNA indicated that the transposon insertions of WF61 and WF62 were separated by 2.5 kb. These studies define a locus required for hyaluronate capsule production in group A streptococci. Further genetic analysis of this locus has identified a gene required for HAS activity which wasd inactivated by TN916 in WF62 and deleted in WF61.
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as Part of the Integral Care of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Eleni I. Boutati, Sotirios A. Raptis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Results from landmark diabetes studies have established A1C as the gold standard for assessing long-term glycemic control. However, A1C does not provide "real-time" information about individual hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic excursions. Real-time information provided by self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) represents an important adjunct to A1C, because it can differentiate fasting, preprandial, and postprandial hyperglycemia; detect glycemic excursions; identify hypoglycemia; and provide immediate feedback about the effect of food choices, physical activity, and medication on glycemic control. The importance of SMBG is widely appreciated and recommended as a core component of management in patients with type 1 or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, as well as in diabetic pregnancy, for both women with pregestational type 1 and gestational diabetes. Nevertheless, SMBG in management of non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients continues to be debated. Results from clinical trials are inconclusive, and reviews fail to reach an agreement, mainly because of methodological problems. Carefully designed large-scale studies on diverse patient populations with type 2 diabetes with the follow-up period to investigate long-term effects of SMBG in patients with type 2 diabetes should be carried out to clarify how to make the best use of SMBG, in which patients, and under what conditions.
A Double-Edged Kinase Lyn: A Positive and Negative Regulator for Antigen Receptor–mediated Signals
Authors: Hirofumi Nishizumi, Keisuke Horikawa, Irena Mlinaric-Rascan, Tadashi Yamamoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

B cells from young lyn−/− mice are hyperresponsive to anti-IgM–induced proliferation, suggesting involvement of Lyn in negative regulation of B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling. Here we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of FcγRIIB and CD22 coreceptors, which are important for feedback suppression of BCR-induced signaling, was severely impaired in lyn−/− B cells upon their coligation with the BCR. Hypophosphorylation on tyrosine residues of these molecules resulted in failure of recruiting the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 and inositol phosphatase SHIP, SH2-containing potent inhibitors of BCR-induced B cell activation, to the coreceptors. Consequently, lyn−/− B cells exhibited defects in suppressing BCR-induced Ca2+ influx and proliferation. Thus, Lyn is critically important in tyrosine phosphorylation of the coreceptors, which is required for feedback suppression of B cell activation.
Exploiting single-molecule transcript sequencing for eukaryotic gene prediction
Authors: André E. Minoche, Juliane C. Dohm, Jessica Schneider, Daniela Holtgräwe, Prisca Viehöver, Magda Montfort, Thomas Rosleff Sörensen, Bernd Weisshaar, Heinz Himmelbauer
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

We develop a method to predict and validate gene models using PacBio single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) cDNA reads. Ninety-eight percent of full-insert SMRT reads span complete open reading frames. Gene model validation using SMRT reads is developed as automated process. Optimized training and prediction settings and mRNA-seq noise reduction of assisting Illumina reads results in increased gene prediction sensitivity and precision. Additionally, we present an improved gene set for sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and the first genome-wide gene set for spinach (Spinacia oleracea). The workflow and guidelines are a valuable resource to obtain comprehensive gene sets for newly sequenced genomes of non-model eukaryotes.
Psychobiological Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability: Implications for Successful Adaptation to Extreme Stress
Authors: Dennis S. Charney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Most research on the effects of severe psychological stress has focused on stress-related psychopathology. Here, the author develops psychobiological models of resilience to extreme stress. METHOD: An integrative model of resilience and vulnerability that encompasses the neurochemical response patterns to acute stress and the neural mechanisms mediating reward, fear conditioning and extinction, and social behavior is proposed. RESULTS: Eleven possible neurochemical, neuropeptide, and hormonal mediators of the psychobiological response to extreme stress were identified and related to resilience or vulnerability. The neural mechanisms of reward and motivation (hedonia, optimism, and learned helpfulness), fear responsiveness (effective behaviors despite fear), and adaptive social behavior (altruism, bonding, and teamwork) were found to be relevant to the character traits associated with resilience. CONCLUSIONS: The opportunity now exists to bring to bear the full power of advances in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of behavior to facilitate the discoveries needed to predict, prevent, and treat stress-related psychopathology.
CAP and HCAP are different? An unresolved question
Authors: Marco Falcone, Alessandro Russo, Mario Venditti
Journal: Thorax (2014)

CAP and HCAP are different? An unresolved questionWe read with interest the recent article by Polverino et al. 1 Data of this study show a very low incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP); authors conclude that microbial aetiology of HCAP does not differ from CAP, and that patients with HCAP in Spain do not need nosocomial antibiotic coverage.Surprisingly, the reported data conflict with a recent prospective study by Giannella et al, 2 conducted in 72 internal medicine wards in Spain, and enrolling 1002 patients; in this study Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus caused 17% and 12.3% of HCAP, respectively; moreover, HCAP was an independent risk factor for pneumonia due do difficult-to-treat micro-organisms.How can these differences be explained?The substantial differences observed in two large multicentric populations of a same country may be indicators of two important problems: (1) since most patients 676
Interferon-gamma (IFNG) and IFNGR1 Gene Variants are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Complicated by Eczema Herpeticum (ADEH) and IFN Production
Authors: P. Gao, D.Y. Leung, N.M. Rafaels, M. Boguniewicz, B. Armstrong, D.J. Zaccaro, L.C. Schneider, T.R. Hata, J.M. Hanifin, L.A. Beck, A. Weinberg, K.C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
CD95 co-stimulation blocks activation of naive T cells by inhibiting T cell receptor signaling
Authors: Gudrun Strauss, Jonathan A. Lindquist, Nathalie Arhel, Edward Felder, Sabine Karl, Tobias L. Haas, Simone Fulda, Henning Walczak, Frank Kirchhoff, Klaus-Michael Debatin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

CD95 is a multifunctional receptor that induces cell death or proliferation depending on the signal, cell type, and cellular context. Here, we describe a thus far unknown function of CD95 as a silencer of T cell activation. Naive human T cells triggered by antigen-presenting cells expressing a membrane-bound form of CD95 ligand (CD95L) or stimulated by anti-CD3 and -CD28 antibodies in the presence of recombinant CD95L had reduced activation and proliferation, whereas preactivated, CD95-sensitive T cells underwent apoptosis. Triggering of CD95 during T cell priming interfered with proximal T cell receptor signaling by inhibiting the recruitment of zeta-chain-associated protein of 70 kD, phospholipase-gamma, and protein kinase C- into lipid rafts, thereby preventing their mutual tyrosine protein phosphorylation. Subsequently, Ca(2+) mobilization and nuclear translocation of transcription factors NFAT, AP1, and NF-kappaB were strongly reduced, leading to impaired cytokine secretion. CD95-mediated inhibition of proliferation in naive T cells could not be reverted by the addition of exogenous interleukin-2 and T cells primed by CD95 co-stimulation remained partially unresponsive upon secondary T cell stimulation. HIV infection induced CD95L expression in primary human antigen-presenting cells, and thereby suppressed T cell activation, suggesting that CD95/CD95L-mediated silencing of T cell activation represents a novel mechanism of immune evasion.
HIV-1 Modulates the tRNA Pool to Improve Translation Efficiency
Authors: Anna van Weringh, Manon Ragonnet-Cronin, Erinija Pranckeviciene, Mariana Pavon-Eternod, Lawrence Kleiman, Xuhua Xia
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Abstract Despite its poorly adapted codon usage, HIV-1 replicates and is expressed extremely well in human host cells. HIV-1 has recently been shown to package non-lysyl transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in addition to the tRNALys needed for priming reverse transcription and integration of the HIV-1 genome. By comparing the codon usage of HIV-1 genes with that of its human host, we found that tRNAs decoding codons that are highly used by HIV-1 but avoided by its host are overrepresented in HIV-1 virions. In particular, tRNAs decoding A-ending codons, required for the expression of HIV's A-rich genome, are highly enriched. Because the affinity of Gag-Pol for all tRNAs is nonspecific, HIV packaging is most likely passive and reflects the tRNA pool at the time of viral particle formation. Codon usage of HIV-1 early genes is similar to that of highly expressed host genes, but codon usage of HIV-1 late genes was better adapted to the selectively enriched tRNA pool, suggesting that alterations in the tRNA pool are induced late in viral infection. If HIV-1 genes are adapting to an altered tRNA pool, codon adaptation of HIV-1 may be better than previously thought.
Lineage-specific expansion of proteins exported to erythrocytes in malaria parasites.
Authors: Tobias J Sargeant, Matthias Marti, Elisabet Caler, Jane M Carlton, Ken Simpson, Terence P Speed, Alan F Cowman
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Abstract Background The apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria in humans. After invasion into erythrocytes, asexual parasite stages drastically alter their host cell and export remodeling and virulence proteins. Previously, we have reported identification and functional analysis of a short motif necessary for export of proteins out of the parasite and into the red blood cell. Results We have developed software for the prediction of exported proteins in the genus Plasmodium , and identified exported proteins conserved between malaria parasites infecting rodents and the two major causes of human malaria, P. falciparum and P. vivax . This conserved 'exportome' is confined to a few subtelomeric chromosomal regions in P. falciparum and the synteny of these and surrounding regions is conserved in P. vivax . We have identified a novel gene family PHIST (for Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric family) that shares a unique domain with 72 paralogs in P. falciparum and 39 in P. vivax ; however, there is only one member in each of the three species studied from the P. berghei lineage. Conclusion These data suggest radiation of genes encoding remodeling and virulence factors from a small number of loci in a common Plasmodium ancestor, and imply a closer phylogenetic relationship between the P. vivax and P. falciparum lineages than previously believed. The presence of a conserved 'exportome' in the genus Plasmodium has important implications for our understanding of both common mechanisms and species-specific differences in host-parasite interactions, and may be crucial in developing novel antimalarial drugs to this infectious disease.
Tuberculin conversion and abnormal chest radiograph in an infant
Authors: K Magdorf, M Ertel, A Grassot, U Wahn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

A 15 month old girl, who had not received bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and who had no known exposure to tuberculosis, was hospitalized because of Salmonella enteritis.The child also suffered from persistent coughing.The primary routine Mantoux skin test with 100 tuberculin units (TU) was remarkably positive (20 mm induration) for the first time, so that tuberculin conversion was defined.Therefore, the child was presented to our out-patient department and a radiographic examination was performed (fig.1).Breathing and percussion sound were reduced in the basal area of the right lung.The child had no fever and her clinical status was normal.There were no indications of foreign body aspiration.The child was admitted for further examination and bronchoscopy.The laboratory findings were: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 8/30 mm•h -1 ; C-reactive protein (CRP) below the detection limit.The blood count showed a slight leucocytosis of 15.8×10 9 cells•L -1 .Immunoglobulins in serum were normal.A Mantoux test with 1 TU showed a positive reaction of 8 mm induration.Three samples of gastric juice were microscopically negative for mycobacteria.Bronchoscopy showed total occlusion of the bronchus intermedius due to perforation of lymph nodes.There was no microscopic evidence of mycobacteria in either the bronchial secretion or lymph node material.The bronchus intermedius was recanalized during the same session.Due to the tuberculin conversion and abnormal radiographic image, as well as the bronchoscopic findings (macroscopic: necrotic lymph node material; histological: epithelioid cell granulomatosis), a primary tuberculosis was initially diagnosed, despite lack of microscopic evidence of tuberculosis bacteria.Combined antituberculotic chemotherapy (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide) was initiated, which was continued after discharge.Although there were no clinical symptoms, findings of a control radiographic examination 6 weeks later became worse.