tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Societal doctors already exist
Authors: Kate Mandeville, Stephen Dorey, Jennifer Hall, Shailen Sutaria, Delan Devakumar
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

In Anand Bhopal's discussion (March, 2015)1Bhopal A Attitude and the 21st century doctor.Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3: e126-e127Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar of health inequalities, social determinants of health, and advocacy for social change in health care in the 21st century, we were disappointed to see little recognition of the branch of medicine that epitomises “societal doctors”1Bhopal A Attitude and the 21st century doctor.Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3: e126-e127Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar: public health. As public health physicians in the UK, we receive 5 years of specialist training to combine our medical knowledge with skills to tackle issues that transcend clinical care. Our curriculum stipulates competencies in advocacy, influencing, identifying inequalities, and communicating effectively with decision makers, among many others.2Public Health Specialty Training curriculum 2010. Faculty of Public Health, London2010http://www.fph.org.uk/uploads/2010%20MASTER%20PH%20Curriculum0610b%20-%20Updated%204%20June.pdfGoogle Scholar For example, registrars spend substantial time working in local government in recognition of the multisectoral nature of ill health. Indeed, we were surprised to learn that “the extent to which doctors should address these social factors is an ongoing debate”1Bhopal A Attitude and the 21st century doctor.Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3: e126-e127Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar: that debate has long been over for public health physicians. There is clearly a big appetite among young doctors to become “societal doctors”. Public health is consistently one of the most competitive specialties in the UK, with 8·8 applicants per training place in 2014.3Medical Specialty TrainingNHS2014 Competition Ratios.http://specialtytraining.hee.nhs.uk/specialty-recruitment/competition-ratios/2014-competition-ratios/Google Scholar To effectively tackle non-medical causes of disease, we suggest increasing the prominence and content of public health training in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula across all medical specialties, as well as expanding the number of training places and consultant posts available in public health. These changes would increase the public health capability of the medical profession and truly change the attitude of the 21st century doctor. All authors are undertaking or have completed public health specialist training in the UK. We declare no other competing interests. Societal doctors already exist: author's replyWhile I broadly agree with the points raised by Kate Mandeville and colleagues, I will take this opportunity to better clarify the thrust of my argument. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Neutrophil adherence in chronic liver disease and fulminant hepatic failure.
Authors: M Altin, I A Rajkovic, R D Hughes, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1983)

Abnormal adherence of neutrophils to nylon fibre in vitro was found in blood from 17 of 51 (33.3%) patients with chronic or acute liver disease of different aetiologies. Patients with chronic liver disease had a much wider range of values than the controls and the sub-group with alcoholic cirrhosis had significantly higher adherence (72.4 +/- SD 6.2%) than that of controls (65.8 +/- SD 5.2%). The patients with chronic active hepatitis (68.2 +/- 12.7%) or primary biliary cirrhosis (69.2 +/- 6.6%) were not different from controls. Significantly reduced neutrophil adherence (56.2 +/- 8.7%) was found in blood from patients with fulminant hepatic failure. These abnormalities in neutrophil adherence may be due to the effects of the split components of serum complement and dependent on the degree and duration of exposure of the neutrophils. Defects in neutrophil adherence may in part contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection in patients with acute and chronic liver disease.
A unique insight into the incidence of rugby injuries using referee replacement reports
Authors: J C M Sharp, G D Murray, D A D Macleod
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

To obtain further information the incidence of injuries and playing positions affected in club rugby in Scotland.Routine reports of injury (permanent) and blood (temporary) replacements occurring in competitive club rugby matches by referees to the Scottish Rugby Union during seasons 1990-1991 to 1996-1997 were analysed.A total of 3,513 injuries (87 per 100 scheduled matches) and 1,000 blood replacements (34 per 100 scheduled matches) were reported. Forwards accounted for 60% of the injury and 72% of the blood replacements. Flankers and the front row were the most commonly replaced forwards while wing and centre three quarters were the most vulnerable playing positions among backs. The incidence of injury replacements increased as the match progressed up until the last 10 minutes when the trend was reversed. Blood replacements showed a different pattern with 60% occurring during the first half of the match.The most important finding of the study was reliability of referees in documenting the vulnerability of certain playing positions, and the timing when injuries took place, thus assisting coaches and team selectors when choosing replacement players for competitive club and representative rugby matches. This study re-emphasises the need for continuing epidemiological research.
P14.07 * DEMOGRAPHICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF 5970 ADULT CASES EVALUATED THROUGH THE EGE NEURO-ONCOLOGY BOARD (EGE NORO-ONKOLOJI KONSEYI, ENOK) BETWEEN 1996-2013
Authors: E. Ozgiray, R. Durusoy, T. Yurtseven, S. Cagli, T. Dalbasti, K. Oner, I. Ovul, S. Kamer, N. Oktar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

AIM: Since 1996, all of the cases which apply to the Department of Neurological Surgery at Ege University and who undergo a surgery with the pre-diagnosis of a central nervous system tumor, are discussed on the Ege Neuro-oncology Board (Ege Noro-onkoloji Konseyi, ENOK) for further adjuvant treatment and follow-up. Aim of this study is to evaluate the demographical and epidemiological features of the cases enrolled, from 1st January 1996 to 31 December 2013. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Database of Ege Neuro-oncology Board (ENOK) was analyzed retrospectively in this descriptive study. 161 cases younger then 18 years old were excluded. Pathological diagnosis were classified regarding the 2007 world Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: 5970 adult cases were enrolled and evaluated on the board of ENOK, between 1996 and 2013. It is detected that until 2005, number of cases enrolled were less then 300 per year and exceeded 400 per year after 2006. 484 (8.1%) of the all cases were non-tumoral. 49 (0.8%) cases were not operated due to lack of consent or other medical conditions. Total number of the all cases who were performed a surgery was 5437. 50.7% was male. The most common age group of the patients was 50-59 with 1289 cases (23.7%). The second most common age group was 40-49 consisting 1154 (21.2%) cases. The origin of the tumors was classified as neuro-epithelial tissue in 1586 (29.2%), meninges in 1319 (24.3%), pituitary in 736 (13.5%), metastasis in 650 (12.0%), cranial and peripheral nerves in 389 (7.2%), others in 262 (4.8%), un-certain in 211 (3.9%), lymphoma and other hem poetic in 124 (2.1%), sellar region in 74 (1.4%), mixt in 38 (0.7%), germ cell in 16 (0.3%) of the cases. The most common tumors diagnosed with female had meningeal origins (n = 906, 33.9%). The most common tumors diagnosed with male were neuro-epithelial tumors (n = 940, 34.1%). The second most common for female were neuro-epithelial tumors (n = 645, 24.1%) as for male were metastasis (n = 447, 16.2%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Multi-disciplinary tumor boards in neuro-oncology are essential for treatment planning of each individual case. They also supply unique databases for epidemiological and demographical surveys. Especially in the developing world official medical registries may lack of certain and sufficient scientific data and detail. High volume neuro-oncological databases may be constituted only when the boards assembly regularly and keep its recordings meticulously for long period of years. Our epidemiological results are in parallel with the existing literature.
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Expressing Tumor Parenchyma and Infiltrating Natural Killer Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Valerie Chew, Charlene Tow, Caleb Huang, Emilie Bard-Chapeau, Neal G. Copeland, Nancy A. Jenkins, Achim Weber, Kiat Hon Lim, Han Chong Toh, Mathias Heikenwalder, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Alessandra Nardin, Jean-Pierre Abastado
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer that is linked to chronically dysregulated liver inflammation. However, appropriate immune responses can control HCC progression. Here we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in HCC.HCC cell death, and natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytotoxicity were assessed in vitro after treatment with the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C). The effect of TLR3 on the tumor parenchyma and infiltrating immune cells was investigated in a spontaneous liver tumor mouse model and a transplanted tumor mouse model (n = 3-9 mice per group). Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze tumor samples from 172 HCC patients. Paired t-tests and analysis of variance tests were used to calculate P-values. The relationship between TLR3 expression and survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis and a log-rank test. All statistical tests were two-sided.TLR3 activation increased cell death in the TLR3(+) SNU182 HCC cell line (30.5% vs 8.5%, P = .03) and promoted NK-cell activation (32.6% vs 19.4%, P < .001) and cytotoxicity (relative fourfold increase, P = .03) in vitro. In vivo, poly(I:C) treatment increased intratumoral chemokine expression, NK-cell activation and tumor infiltration, and proliferation of tumor-infiltrating T and NK cells. Proliferation of tumor parenchyma cells was decreased. Also, expression of chemokines or treatment with poly(I:C) decreased tumor growth. TLR3 expression in patient samples correlated with NK-cell activation, NK- and T-cell tumor infiltration, and inversely correlated with tumor parenchyma cell viability. TLR3 expression was also associated with longer survival in HCC patients (hazard ratio of survival = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.3 to 3.4, P = .002).TLR3 is an important modulator of HCC progression and is a potential target for novel immunotherapy.
Relation between target vessel revascularization and minimum stent area by intravascular ultrasound (CRUISE trial)
Authors: M. Hayase, A. Oshima, M.W. Cleman, C.J. Pepine, S.R. Bailey, J. Shani, R.D. Safian, R.W. Smalling, S.N. Oesterte, P.G. Yock, P.J. Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Ylli, a Non–LTR Retrotransposon L1 Family in the Dimorphic Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Serge Casaregola, Cécile Neuvéglise, Elisabeth Bon, Claude Gaillardin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

During the course of a random sequencing project of the genome of the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, we have identified sequences that were repeated in the genome and that matched the reverse transcriptase (RT) sequence of non–long terminal repeat (non–LTR) retrotransposons. Extension of sequencing on each side of this zone of homology allowed the definition of an element over 6 kb long. The conceptual translation of this sequence revealed two open reading frames (ORFs) that displayed several characteristics of non–LTR retrotransposons: a Cys-rich motif in the ORF1, an N-terminal endonuclease, a central RT, and a C-terminal zinc finger domain in the ORF2. We called this element Ylli (for Y. lipolyticaLINE). A total of 19 distinct repeats carrying the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and all ending with a poly-A tail were detected. Most of them were very short, 17 being 134 bp long or less. The number of copies of Ylli was estimated to be around 100 if these short repeats are 5′ truncations. No 5′ UTR was clearly identified, indicating that entire and therefore active elements might be very rare in the Y. lipolytica strain tested. Ylli does not seem to have any insertion specificity. Phylogenetic analysis of the RT domain unambiguously placed Ylli within the L1 clade. It forms a monophyletic group with the Zorro non–LTR retrotransposons discovered in another dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. BLAST comparisons showed that ORF2 of Ylli is closely related to that of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum L1 family, TRE.
Chronic heart failure and the substrate for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Arun Sridhar, Yoshinori Nishijima, Dmitry Terentyev, Mahmood Khan, Radmila Terentyeva, Robert L. Hamlin, Tomohiro Nakayama, Sandor Gyorke, Arturo J. Cardounel, Cynthia A. Carnes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsWe sought to define the underlying mechanisms for atrial fibrillation (AF) during chronic heart failure (HF).
Overweight, Obesity, and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Marian L. Neuhouser, Aaron K. Aragaki, Ross L. Prentice, JoAnn E. Manson, Rowan Chlebowski, Cara L. Carty, Heather M. Ochs-Balcom, Cynthia A. Thomson, Bette J. Caan, Lesley F. Tinker, Rachel Peragallo Urrutia, Jennifer Knudtson, Garnet L. Anderson
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

More than two-thirds of US women are overweight or obese, placing them at increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer.
Does increasing the grades of the knee osteoarthritis line drawing atlas alter its clinimetric properties?
Authors: C E Wilkinson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objectives:</b> To (<i>a</i>) develop further logically derived line drawing atlases (LDAs) for grading radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA); and (<i>b</i>) determine which is superior using metrological criteria. <b>Methods:</b> A series of LDAs (−3 to +3, −4 to +4, and −5 to +5) were produced by (<i>a</i>) incorporating additional grades for osteophyte and joint space width (JSW) above the 0–3 pilot LDA, over an equivalent range of disease; and (<i>b</i>) adding negative grades for JSW. 121 sets of bilateral knee radiographs (standing, anteroposterior plus flexed skyline), plus serial views of 68 tibiofemoral joints (TFJs) and 36 patellofemoral joints were scored twice by one observer for each LDA. Minimum JSW of 50 radiograph sets was directly measured and awarded a categorical grade dependent upon the boundaries of each LDA grade. Time taken to grade 30 randomly selected knee radiograph sets was measured. <b>Results:</b> Intraobserver reproducibility was similar for all LDAs, (weighted κ: JSW = 0.85–0.87; osteophyte = 0.77–0.79), with no deterioration with increasing grades. Criterion validity favoured the −5 to +5 LDA, which was also quickest to use. All atlases showed similar responsiveness (standardised response mean: medial TFJ JSW = 0.78–0.83; medial femoral osteophyte = 0.61–0.73), with most sites compromised by small sample size, little change in score, and high variation between subjects. <b>Conclusions:</b> A set of LDAs was created illustrating the full range of normality/abnormality likely to be encountered in a community study of knee pain or OA. Despite superior validity and equivalent reproducibility, improved responsiveness of the −5 to +5 LDA was not confirmed.
Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Michiaki Fukui, Muhei Tanaka, Mayuko Kadono, Saeko Imai, Goji Hasegawa, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, Naoto Nakamura
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The aims of this study were to examine if serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are lower in men with type 2 diabetes compared with those in healthy men and to investigate what factors may be associated with serum PSA levels in men with type 2 diabetes.We compared the serum PSA levels in 224 diabetic men with those in 1,293 healthy men and investigated the relationships between serum PSA levels and various variables.Except for men aged 40-49 years, serum PSA levels were lower in diabetic men than in healthy men. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that age, BMI, and presence of diabetes were independent determinants of serum PSA level.Serum PSA levels were lower in diabetic men compared with those in healthy men, which is in line with previous reports that patients with type 2 diabetes are at a decreased risk of prostate cancer.
Enrolling Pregnant Women in Research — Lessons from the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Sara F. Goldkind, Leyla Sahin, Beverly Gallauresi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The global H1N1 influenza pandemic disproportionately affected pregnant women, drawing attention to the fact that they have always been a marginalized study population. Dr. Sara Goldkind and colleagues argue that it is imperative that pregnant women be judiciously included in research.
Mitochondrial DNA Damage Can Promote Atherosclerosis Independently of Reactive Oxygen Species Through Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells and Monocytes and Correlates With Higher-Risk Plaques in Humans
Authors: Emma Yu, Patrick A. Calvert, John R. Mercer, James Harrison, Lauren Baker, Nichola L. Figg, Sheetal Kumar, Julie C. Wang, Liam A. Hurst, Daniel R. Obaid, Angela Logan, Nick E.J. West, Murray C.H. Clarke, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Michael P. Murphy, Martin R. Bennett
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage occurs in both circulating cells and the vessel wall in human atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether mtDNA damage directly promotes atherogenesis or is a consequence of tissue damage, which cell types are involved, and whether its effects are mediated only through reactive oxygen species.mtDNA damage occurred early in the vessel wall in apolipoprotein E-null (ApoE(-/-)) mice, before significant atherosclerosis developed. mtDNA defects were also identified in circulating monocytes and liver and were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. To determine whether mtDNA damage directly promotes atherosclerosis, we studied ApoE(-/-) mice deficient for mitochondrial polymerase-γ proofreading activity (polG(-/-)/ApoE(-/-)). polG(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice showed extensive mtDNA damage and defects in oxidative phosphorylation but no increase in reactive oxygen species. polG(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice showed increased atherosclerosis, associated with impaired proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, and hyperlipidemia. Transplantation with polG(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) bone marrow increased the features of plaque vulnerability, and polG(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) monocytes showed increased apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine release. To examine mtDNA damage in human atherosclerosis, we assessed mtDNA adducts in plaques and in leukocytes from patients who had undergone virtual histology intravascular ultrasound characterization of coronary plaques. Human atherosclerotic plaques showed increased mtDNA damage compared with normal vessels; in contrast, leukocyte mtDNA damage was associated with higher-risk plaques but not plaque burden.We show that mtDNA damage in vessel wall and circulating cells is widespread and causative and indicates higher risk in atherosclerosis. Protection against mtDNA damage and improvement of mitochondrial function are potential areas for new therapeutics.
Extreme Polymorphism in a Vaccine Antigen and Risk of Clinical Malaria: Implications for Vaccine Development
Authors: Shannon L. Takala, Drissa Coulibaly, Mahamadou A. Thera, Adrian H. Batchelor, Michael P. Cummings, Ananias A. Escalante, Amed Ouattara, Karim Traoré, Amadou Niangaly, Abdoulaye A. Djimdé, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Christopher V. Plowe
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2009)

Vaccines directed against the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum malaria are intended to prevent the parasite from invading and replicating within host cells. No blood-stage malaria vaccine has shown clinical efficacy in humans. Most malaria vaccine antigens are parasite surface proteins that have evolved extensive genetic diversity, and this diversity could allow malaria parasites to escape vaccine-induced immunity. We examined the extent and within-host dynamics of genetic diversity in the blood-stage malaria vaccine antigen apical membrane antigen-1 in a longitudinal study in Mali. Two hundred and fourteen unique apical membrane antigen-1 haplotypes were identified among 506 human infections, and amino acid changes near a putative invasion machinery binding site were strongly associated with the development of clinical symptoms, suggesting that these residues may be important to consider in designing polyvalent apical membrane antigen-1 vaccines and in assessing vaccine efficacy in field trials. This extreme diversity may pose a serious obstacle to an effective polyvalent recombinant subunit apical membrane antigen-1 vaccine.
StomaphyX vs a Sham Procedure for Revisional Surgery to Reduce Regained Weight in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Patients
Authors: George M. Eid, Carol A. McCloskey, Jessie K. Eagleton, Lindsay B. Lee, Anita P. Courcoulas
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Revisional laparoscopic surgery after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been linked to substantial complications and morbidity. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic gastric plication with the StomaphyX device vs a sham procedure for revisional surgery in RYGB patients to reduce regained weight. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A prospective, single-center, randomized, single-blinded study from July 2009 through February 2011, evaluating revisional surgery using StomaphyX was conducted in patients with initial weight loss after RYGB performed at least 2 years earlier. We planned for 120 patients to be randomized 2:1 to multiple full-thickness plications within the gastric pouch and stoma using the StomaphyX device with SerosFuse fasteners or a sham endoscopic procedure and followed up for 1 year. The primary efficacy end point was reduction in pre-RYGB excess weight by 15% or more excess body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) loss and BMI less than 35 at 12 months after the procedure. Adverse events were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Enrollment was closed prematurely because preliminary results indicated failure to achieve the primary efficacy end point in at least 50% of StomaphyX-treated patients. One-year follow-up was completed by 45 patients treated with StomaphyX and 29 patients in the sham treatment group. Primary efficacy outcome was achieved by 22.2% (10) with StomaphyX vs 3.4% (1) with the sham procedure (<i>P</i> &lt; .01). Patients undergoing StomaphyX treatment experienced significantly greater reduction in weight and BMI at 3, 6, and 12 months (<i>P</i> ≤ .05). There was one causally related adverse event with StomaphyX, that required laparoscopic exploration and repair. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> StomaphyX treatment failed to achieve the primary efficacy target and resulted in early termination of the study. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00939055