tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of an Everolimus-Eluting Stent and a Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gregg W. Stone
Journal: JAMA (2008)

A thin, cobalt-chromium stent eluting the antiproliferative agent everolimus from a nonadhesive, durable fluoropolymer has shown promise in preliminary studies in improving clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an everolimus-eluting stent compared with a widely used paclitaxel-eluting stent.The SPIRIT III trial, a prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial enrolling patients at 65 academic and community-based US institutions between June 22, 2005, and March 15, 2006. Patients were 1002 men and women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in lesions 28 mm or less in length and with reference vessel diameter between 2.5 and 3.75 mm. Angiographic follow-up was prespecified at 8 months in 564 patients and completed in 436 patients. Clinical follow-up was performed at 1, 6, 9, and 12 months.Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive the everolimus-eluting stent (n = 669) or the paclitaxel-eluting stent (n = 333).The primary end point was noninferiority or superiority of angiographic in-segment late loss. The major secondary end point was noninferiority assessment of target vessel failure events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization) at 9 months. An additional secondary end point was evaluation of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization) at 9 and 12 months.Angiographic in-segment late loss was significantly less in the everolimus-eluting stent group compared with the paclitaxel group (mean, 0.14 [SD, 0.41] mm vs 0.28 [SD, 0.48] mm; difference, -0.14 [95% CI, -0.23 to -0.05]; P < or = .004). The everolimus stent was noninferior to the paclitaxel stent for target vessel failure at 9 months (7.2% vs 9.0%, respectively; difference, -1.9% [95% CI, -5.6% to 1.8%]; relative risk, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.51 to 1.23]; P < .001). The everolimus stent compared with the paclitaxel stent resulted in significant reductions in composite major adverse cardiac events both at 9 months (4.6% vs 8.1%; relative risk, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.34 to 0.94]; P = .03) and at 1 year (6.0% vs 10.3%; relative risk, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.90]; P = .02), due to fewer myocardial infarctions and target lesion revascularization procedures.In this large-scale, prospective randomized trial, an everolimus-eluting stent compared with a paclitaxel-eluting stent resulted in reduced angiographic late loss, noninferior rates of target vessel failure, and fewer major adverse cardiac events during 1 year of follow-up.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00180479.
Cardiac hepatopathy: Clinical, hemodynamic, and histologic characteristics and correlations
Authors: Robert P. Myers, Raimondo Cerini, Raymond Sayegh, Richard Moreau, Claude Degott, Didier Lebrec, Samuel S. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Cardiac hepatopathy, hepatic injury caused by cardiac dysfunction, is a common entity but has been characterized incompletely, particularly the relationship between hemodynamics and histology. We aimed to describe the clinical, biochemical, hemodynamic, and histologic characteristics of this disorder. Eighty-three patients from 2 tertiary referral centers were studied. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the duration of cardiac dysfunction: (1) acute (n = 12); (2) chronic (n = 53); and (3) acute on chronic (n = 18). Results showed that serum aminotransferase levels were increased typically, particularly in the acute group (median aspartate aminotransferase level was 30.2 times the upper limit of normal [range, 1-100]; P &lt; .0001 vs. the chronic group). The most salient hemodynamic features were elevated right atrial (14 mm Hg [range, 1-29]), and hepatic venous pressures (wedged: 18 mm Hg [range, 5-35]; free: 15 mm Hg [range, 2-30]). The hepatic venous pressure gradient was normal in most (81%), correlated moderately with the aminotransferase levels (aspartate aminotransferase level: r = .59; P &lt; .0001), and associated with the presence of centrilobular necrosis and inflammation, periportal necrosis, and stainable hepatic iron ( P &lt; .05 for all comparisons), but not fibrosis. Sinusoidal dilatation was associated with higher right atrial ( P = .047) and free hepatic venous pressures ( P = .06). Although cirrhosis was rare (n = 1), centrilobular fibrosis was common (74%) and not associated with any hemodynamic measurement. In conclusion, cardiac hepatopathy has diverse clinical, hemodynamic, and histologic manifestations that vary with the temporal course of cardiac dysfunction. Hepatic fibrosis is common, but does not correlate with systemic or hepatic hemodynamics.
HLA match likelihoods for Indian patients seeking unrelated donor transplantation grafts: a population-based study
Authors: Martin Maiers, Michael Halagan, Sangeeta Joshi, H Sudarshan Ballal, Latha Jagannatthan, Sharat Damodar, Periathiruvadi Srinivasan, Saranya Narayan, Navin Khattry, Pankaj Malhotra, Ranjana W Minz, Sandip A Shah, Raghu Rajagopal, Nezih Cereb, Soo Young Yang, Sunil Parekh, Joy Mammen, Dolly Daniels, Daniel Weisdorf
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2014)
TNFA -308G&gt;A in two international population-based cohorts and risk of asthma
Authors: F. Castro-Giner, M. Kogevinas, M. Machler, R. de Cid, K. Van Steen, M. Imboden, C. Schindler, W. Berger, J. R. Gonzalez, K. A. Franklin, C. Janson, D. Jarvis, E. Omenaas, P. Burney, T. Rochat, X. Estivill, J. M. Anto, M. Wjst, N. M. Probst-Hensch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Genetic association studies have related the tumour necrosis factor-α gene (<i>TNFA</i>) guanine to adenine substitution of nucleotide -308 (-308G&gt;A) polymorphism to increased risk of asthma, but results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to test whether two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, of <i>TNFA</i> and of the lymphotoxin-α gene (<i>LTA</i>), are associated with asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy in adults, by combining the results of two large population-based multicentric studies and conducting a meta-analysis of previously published studies. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) and Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) used comparable protocols, including questionnaires for respiratory symptoms and measures of lung function and atopy. DNA samples from 11,136 participants were genotyped at <i>TNFA</i> -308 and <i>LTA</i> 252. Logistic regression employing fixed and random effects models and nonparametric techniques were used. The prevalence of asthma was 6%. The <i>TNFA</i> -308G&gt;A polymorphism was associated with increased asthma prevalence and with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. No consistent association was found for atopy. The <i>LTA</i> 252A&gt;G polymorphism was not associated with any of the outcomes. A meta-analysis of 17 studies showed an increased asthma risk for the <i>TNFA</i> -308 adenine allele. The tumour necrosis factor-α gene nucleotide -308 polymorphism is associated with a moderately increased risk of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but not with atopy. These results are supported by a meta-analysis of previously published studies.
Idiotype connectance in the immune system. I. Expression of a cross-reactive idiotype on induced anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies and on endogenous antibodies not specific for arsonate.
Authors: P V Hornbeck, G K Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

A new cross-reactive idiotope family (CRIAD8) is described that contains subpopulations of antibodies binding to different epitopes. One subpopulation occurs naturally in normal sera from strain A mice, is found mainly on IgG2 and IgG3 subclasses, does not bind p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA)+, does not express CRI5Ci, and can be selectively stimulated by low doses of antiidiotype antibody (AD8). The second subpopulation is not found in normal serum, binds ABA, is found on all IgG subclasses, expresses CRI5Ci, and is selectively stimulated by ABA-conjugated proteins. Since CRIAD8 was found on both subpopulations of antibody, and since each subpopulation could be selectively expanded, it was possible to study the effect that expansion of the ABA- CRIAD8+ set had on subsequent responses elicited by ABA-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in the ABA+ CRIAD8+ set. In these experiments, prior immunization with AD8 restricted the subsequent response of the ABA+ CRIAD8+ set to ABA-KLH. Furthermore, only those doses of AD8 that stimulated the ABA-CRIAD8+ set reduced the responsiveness of the ABA+ CRIAD8+ set to ABA-KLH, suggesting that the two phenomena are causally related. These findings argue that CRIAD8 correlates well with a regulatory idiotope and that immune responses by lymphocyte clones that have different antigen-binding specificities can affect one another as a result of their sharing such an idiotope. These results strongly favor a network organization of the immune system.
Phase II Multicenter Study of Bendamustine Plus Rituximab in Patients With Relapsed Indolent B-Cell and Mantle Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: K. Sue Robinson, Michael E. Williams, Richard H. van der Jagt, Philip Cohen, Jordan A. Herst, Anil Tulpule, Lee S. Schwartzberg, Bernard Lemieux, Bruce D. Cheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Bendamustine HCl is a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative with clinical activity in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This study evaluated bendamustine plus rituximab in 67 adults with relapsed, indolent B-cell or mantle cell lymphoma without documented resistance to prior rituximab.Patients received rituximab 375 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 1 and bendamustine 90 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 2 and 3 of each 28-day cycle for four to six cycles. An additional dose of rituximab was administered 1 week before the first cycle and 4 weeks after the last cycle. Sixty-six patients (median age, 60 years) received at least one dose of both drugs.Overall response rate was 92% (41% complete response, 14% unconfirmed complete response, and 38% partial response). Median duration of response was 21 months (95% CI, 18 to 24 months). Median progression-free survival time was 23 months (95% CI, 20 to 26 months). Outcomes were similar for patients with indolent or mantle cell histologies. The combination was generally well tolerated; the primary toxicity was myelosuppression (grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, 36%; grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia, 9%).Bendamustine plus rituximab is an active combination in patients with relapsed indolent and mantle cell lymphoma.
Risk assessment for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia before allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation
Authors: A Gratwohl, J Hermans, JM Goldman, W Arcese, E Carreras, A Devergie, F Frassoni, G Gahrton, HJ Kolb, D Niederwieser, T Ruutu, JP Vernant, T de Witte, J Apperley
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Analysis of Treatment Practices for Elderly Cancer Patients in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Carol Townsley, Gregory R. Pond, Brenda Peloza, Joanne Kok, Kendra Naidoo, Darlene Dale, Carole Herbert, Eric Holowaty, Sharon Straus, Lillian L. Siu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Older patients are underrepresented in many areas of cancer services utilization and in clinical trial enrollment. This study evaluates whether age, when adjusted for sex, comorbidity, stage, tumor site, geography, and time period, is predictive of cancer treatment practice. Methods First, we used the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) to examine for any apparent differences in treatment practices between elderly (≥ 70 years) and younger patients in the last three decades. Second, we performed a chart review of 1,505 patients with lung, breast, and colorectal cancers seen in Ontario either at an urban center, the Princess Margaret Hospital, or at a rural center, the Northwestern Regional Cancer Centre. Patients were randomly selected from two time periods, 1977 to 1978 and 1997; and the study population was to comprise at least 50% elderly patients. Results OCR data demonstrated that, in some settings, such as colorectal cancer, the proportions of elderly cancer patients who were referred to cancer centers and who received any cancer treatment were lower than their younger counterparts. The chart review data showed that increasing age was a significant negative predictor for receiving any cancer treatment (P &lt; .001, multivariate analysis) and for having a clinical trial discussion with the treating specialist (P &lt; .001, multivariate analysis). Conclusion Independent of other factors, older age is consistently a cause of disparity in cancer treatment practice and in clinical trial discussion with patients. By increasing the accrual rate of elderly cancer patients in clinical trials, a better understanding of appropriate therapies for this patient population can be obtained and may, thereby, impact on their cancer-related morbidity and mortality.
Assessement of eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation response in asymptomatic SCUBA divers
Authors: Jad Hobeika, Claude Poirier, Nicolas Germain-Lacroix
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

SCUBA diving is a popular, yet potentially dangerous sport. Exercice, increased oxygen partial pressure and gas density, as well as saline microaspirations are only a few factors that may precipitate bronchoconstriction in SCUBA divers. The resulting air entrapment may have catastrophic consequences such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and tympanic perforation. Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) has been increasingly used to evaluate the risk of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). However, result interpretation has been hampered by the lack of data pertaining to the expected response of asymptomatic individuals to EVH, as well as the lack of a defined gold standard. 10 asymptomatic SCUBA divers having perfomed at least ten dives in the last three years, with no diving-related respiratory complications and no identified air trapping on spirometry were questioned and performed EVH. The average subject was 29.56 years old. Average FEV 1  and FEV 1 /FVC values were 3.62L and 0.80, respectively. EVH was performed using a standardised approach as suggested by Argyros  et al . All participants reached a satisfactory voluntary minute ventilation defined by attaining a minute ventilation greater than 30 times the FEV 1  for 6 minutes. Post-EVH FEV 1  values decreased in all but one participant by an average of 4.67% (Range: 0 - 8%). In conclusion, our data provides evidence that EVH is a specific test; moreover, post-EVH FEV 1  decreases of less than 10% is an appropriate cut-off in ruling out EIB in low-risk individuals.
Body mass index, diabetes, and C-reactive protein among U.S. adults.
Authors: E S Ford
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The author examined the relationship between C-reactive protein and BMI and diabetes status among 16,573 participants aged &amp;gt; or = 20 years of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study had a cross-sectional design. RESULTS: Geometric mean concentrations of C-reactive protein were lowest among individuals with a BMI &amp;lt; 18.5 kg/m2 and increased with increasing BMI categories. Restricting the analysis to participants without various medical conditions did not change the relation. After adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, and education, using logistic regression analysis, odds ratios for an elevated C-reactive protein concentration (&amp;gt; or = 85th percentile of the sex-specific C-reactive protein concentration distribution) among participants with a BMI of 25 to &amp;lt; 30, 30 to &amp;lt; 35, 35 to &amp;lt; 40, and &amp;gt; or = 40 kg/m2 were 1.51 (95% CI 1.23-1.86), 3.19 (2.60-3.91), 6.11 (4.67-7.98), and 9.30 (6.43-13.46), respectively, compared with participants with a BMI &amp;lt; 25 kg/m2. C-reactive protein concentrations were lowest among those individuals without diabetes or with impaired fasting glucose and highest among those with newly or previously diagnosed diabetes. Compared with participants with a normal fasting glucose, participants with impaired fasting glucose, newly diagnosed diabetes, and previously diagnosed diabetes had 0.99 (0.72-1.37), 1.84 (1.25-2.71), and 1.59 (1.25-2.01) odds of having an elevated C-reactive protein concentration after adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm cross-sectional findings from previous studies that show elevated C-reactive protein concentrations among individuals who are obese or have diabetes. The implications of these findings, however, remain unclear.
Antibiotic use in eastern Europe: a cross-national database study in coordination with the WHO Regional Office for Europe
Authors: Ann Versporten, Ganna Bolokhovets, Lilit Ghazaryan, Vafa Abilova, Galina Pyshnik, Tijana Spasojevic, Irma Korinteli, Lul Raka, Baktygul Kambaralieva, Lidija Cizmovic, Angela Carp, Vesela Radonjic, Nargis Maqsudova, Hatice Demet Celik, Marina Payerl-Pal, Hanne Bak Pedersen, Nina Sautenkova, Herman Goossens
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Psychiatric Illness Following Therapeutic Abortion
Authors: NATHAN M. SIMON, DAVID ROTHMAN, AUDREY G. SENTURIA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Forty-six women who had therapeutic abortions for a variety of diagnostic indications were evaluated from two months to ten years after the abortion. Two-thirds of the group had a diagnosable psychiatric illness prior to the abortion. Conflicts about sadomasochistic impulses and feminine biological role appeared frequently. Healthier women responded to the abortion with transient and self-limiting mild depression. Psychiatrically sicker women used a variety of defenses but for the most part remained stabilized or improved. There was little new psychiatric illness that appeared after the therapeutic abortion that could be related to the abortion.
Rethinking TB screening: politics, practicalities and the press
Authors: D. Thomas, M. Jarvis, A. Williams
Journal: Thorax (2011)

been described by other authors as the 'reversed halo sign'.Zompatori et al 2 first used the term 'atoll sign' in 1999 to describe the imaging finding of a focal rounded area of ground-glass opacity surrounded by a more or less complete ring of consolidation. 3 Although the abnormality frequently resembles an atoll, the Fleischner Society 4 prefers the term 'reversed halo sign', as initially proposed by Kim et al. 3 Although both terms adequately describe the imaging characteristics of the lesion, the term 'reversed halo sign' should be used to avoid confusion and to standardise the keywords used in literature searches.A review of the US National Institutes of Health digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature (PubMed) found only three occurrences of the term 'atoll sign', whereas the term 'reversed halo sign' was found in 22 articles.The uniform use of descriptors is critical when reporting on lesions, to avoid the overlooking of otherwise important articles, such as the one presented by Walsh and Robertson, in literature reviews.
A new class of bronchodilator improves lung function in COPD: a trial with GSK961081
Authors: Pascal L.M.L. Wielders, Andrea Ludwig-Sengpiel, Nicholas Locantore, Suus Baggen, Robert Chan, John H. Riley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

GSK961081 is a bifunctional molecule demonstrating both muscarinic antagonist and β-agonist activities. This was a 4-week, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo and salmeterol controlled parallel group study. Doses ranging across three twice-daily doses and three once-daily doses were assessed in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at day 29 was the primary end-point. At days 1 and 28, 12-h FEV1 spirometry was performed in all patients. A subset of patients underwent complete 24-h spirometry at day 28. The study recruited 436 patients. GSK961081 showed statistically and clinically significant differences from placebo in all doses and regimens for trough FEV1 on day 29 (155-277 mL). The optimal total daily dose was 400 μg, either as 400 μg once daily or as 200 μg twice daily, with an improvement in day 29 trough FEV1 of 215 mL and 249 mL, respectively. Other efficacy end-points also showed improvement. No effects were observed on glucose, potassium, heart rate, blood pressure and no dose-response effect was seen on corrected QT elongation. This study showed that GSK961081 is an effective bronchodilator in COPD and appeared to be safe and well tolerated.
FGFR2 signaling underlies p63 oncogenic function in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Matthew R. Ramsey, Catherine Wilson, Benjamin Ory, S. Michael Rothenberg, William Faquin, Alea A. Mills, Leif W. Ellisen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Oncogenic transcription factors drive many human cancers, yet identifying and therapeutically targeting the resulting deregulated pathways has proven difficult. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common and lethal human cancer, and relatively little progress has been made in improving outcomes for SCC due to a poor understanding of its underlying molecular pathogenesis. While SCCs typically lack somatic oncogene-activating mutations, they exhibit frequent overexpression of the p53-related transcription factor p63. We developed an in vivo murine tumor model to investigate the function and key transcriptional programs of p63 in SCC. Here, we show that established SCCs are exquisitely dependent on p63, as acute genetic ablation of p63 in advanced, invasive SCC induced rapid and dramatic apoptosis and tumor regression. In vivo genome-wide gene expression analysis identified a tumor-survival program involving p63-regulated FGFR2 signaling that was activated by ligand emanating from abundant tumor-associated stroma. Correspondingly, we demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of extinguishing this signaling axis in endogenous SCCs using the clinical FGFR2 inhibitor AZD4547. Collectively, these results reveal an unanticipated role for p63-driven paracrine FGFR2 signaling as an addicting pathway in human cancer and suggest a new approach for the treatment of SCC.
Breast Cancer Racial Disparities: Unanswered Questions
Authors: Foluso O. Ademuyiwa, Stephen B. Edge, Deborah O. Erwin, Heather Orom, Christine B. Ambrosone, Willie Underwood
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer diagnosed in women in the United States and is second only to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Although mortality rates have been dropping steadily due to a variety of factors including improved treatment modalities and screening, substantial racial differences in outcome between blacks and whites persist. Although differences in health care utilization and access, tumor biology, and cancer management have been elucidated as possible reasons for disparities seen, it is likely that other interactions exist. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to present a comprehensive overview of the literature on racial disparities in breast cancer outcome and highlight potential causative factors that may contribute to disparities seen among blacks and whites with breast cancer. In addition, we make research recommendations by discussing some of the remaining gaps in knowledge that may lead to further understanding of disparities and consequently improved outcomes for all women with breast cancer. Cancer Res; 71(3); 640–4. ©2010 AACR.