tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TECHNIC OF ROENTGEN-RAY EXAMINATION OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT, AND THE INTERPRETATION OF SCREEN AND PLATE FINDINGS
Authors: R. D. CARMAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The fundamental principle of Roentgen-ray examinations of the stomach and intestine is the visualization of their outline by filling them with substances opaque to the ray, a principle which we owe to Rieder, of Munich, who, in 1904, first used bismuth subnitrate for the purpose, From this has evolved the present-day technic of radiography of the digestive tract, the evolution being contributed to in minor particulars by numerous roentgenologists, and in major particulars by a few men of whom Holzknecht and Haudek stand out with signal prominence. The occasional toxicity of bismuth subnitrate soon led to its supersession by bismuth subcarbonate and later the oxychlorid. Zirconium oxid has also been employed to some extent abroad. Chemically pure barium sulphate, because of its cheapness, has come into very general use both for enemas and for the opaque meal. Bismuth subcarbonate is in common use. By its alkalinity peristaltic activity is depressed
GOLD CURES IN INEBRIETY.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

week afterward treating them with auri et sodii chlo- ridum, limiting the lesion to the seat of the inocula- tion; second by putting healthy animals under treat- ment for one or two weeks before inoculation, and thereby preventing in these even the formation of an abscess at the seat of inoculation.The elimination of gold and sodium chlorid takes place principally by kidneys and, to a small extent, by liver and bowels.There is an astonishing amount of skepticism in the profession as to this drug.Some of this, at least, arises from the fact that it is very unstable, being readily decomposed by light and organic matter.Sufficient care is not exercised in its combination with other drugs, or too large a quan- tity is ordered, so that decomposition has taken place before its ingestion, or its administration is not prop- erly timed, so that destruction takes place in the stomach.The best vehicle with which to combine it in capsule is tragacantha or guaiac resina; neither of these decomposes it.The time for administration should be one hour after eating, or, better still, one hour before eating.The ideal method for adminis- tration is by hypodermatic injection, the solution used being made with equal parts aqua destillata and glyceriua.Syphilis.-Theremedy is useful in syphilis, espe- cially in those cases in which the iodid and mercurials do not agree, or in which there is a great amount of debility.Dr. E. F. Ingals (Diseases Chest and Throat, page 448) recommends it in syphilitic laryngitis.M. Martineau (Bull, et Min.de la sac, de la, Therap., April 30, 1883) recommends it in cases of inveterate syphilis.One of his cases, a woman in an advanced state of cachexia, broke her fibula, probably because of specific change in the bone.Though rebellious to other treatment, she recovered quickly and the fracture united readily under gold treatment.W. Hale White (Mat.Med. and Therap., Wilcox, 2d Ed., p. 187) says it is a valuable remedy in the ter- tiary manifestations of syphilis, especially of the bones, and presents fewer disadvantages than does the corrosive mercuric chlorid.Shoemaker (Mat.Med. and Ther., 3d, Ed., p. 226) and Potter (Mat.Med., Pharmacy and Therap., 3d Ed., p. 123) both emphatically endorse it for the treatment of syphilis in its later manifestations.
Two different mechanisms in patients with venous thrombosis and defective fibrinolysis: low concentration of plasminogen activator or increased concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor.
Authors: I M Nilsson, H Ljungner, L Tengborn
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Fibrinolytic components after venous occlusion and concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor were studied in 100 consecutive patients with confirmed recurrent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. After 20 minutes of venous occlusion the fibrinolytic response was decreased in 33 patients, as measured both amidolytically with S-2251 and on fibrin plates. Two different mechanisms responsible for the poor fibrinolytic response could be distinguished. Twenty two of the patients in whom the response was poor released normal amounts of tissue plasminogen activator antigen, as assayed by immunoradiometric assay, but had appreciably increased concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor. The 11 other patients in whom the response was poor had both low tissue plasminogen activator activities and low tissue plasminogen activator antigen concentrations but normal concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor. The results show not only that defective synthesis or release of tissue plasminogen activator may be important in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis but also that a large group of patients with thrombosis have an increased concentration of the inhibitor to tissue plasminogen activator.
NIH Program Probes Neurological Basis of Chronic Pain, Complementary Therapies
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiovascular Screening for Young Athletes
Authors: Josef Niebauer, Domenico Corrado, Antonio Pelliccia
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impaired expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease
Authors: Y. J. Ryu, E. J. Kim, S-H. Lee, S. Y. Kim, G. Y. Suh, M. P. Chung, H. Kim, O. J. Kwon, W-J. Koh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 on the peripheral blood monocytes of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease and healthy controls, and to assess the responses of these monocytes to TLR2 agonists such as Mycobacterium avium and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to analyse TLR2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes from 17 NTM patients and 10 healthy controls. mRNA and protein secretion levels were also determined for the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 p40 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Expression of TLR2 mRNA by peripheral blood monocytes after stimulation with M. avium or LTA was lower in NTM patients than in healthy controls. IL-12 p40 and TNF-alpha mRNA and cytokine secretion levels were also lower in patients than in healthy controls. Treatment with anti-TLR antibody decreased M. avium- and LTA-induced IL-12 p40 and TNF-alpha production in healthy controls, but not in NTM patients. The present results suggest that the downregulation of Toll-like receptor 2 and the resulting decreased production of interleukin-12 p40 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha following Mycobacterium avium or lipoteichoic acid stimulation may contribute to host susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.
Pancreatic cancer is associated with long term use of aspirin
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Women who regularly use aspirin over a long period may be increasing their risk of having pancreatic cancer, says an 18 year study of almost 90 000 women in the United States taking part in the nurses' health study.

The authors, led by Dr Eva Schernhammer, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, conclude that their findings contradict other research …
Digital calcification in systemic sclerosis: effective treatment with good tissue preservation using the carbon dioxide laser
Authors: W.W. BOTTOMLEY, M.J.D. GOODFIELD, R.A. SHEEHAN-DARE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Tissue calcification of the fingers associated with limited systemic sclerosis is a common problem and is the source of considerable morbidity as it may be extremely tender and cause considerable functional disability. The current treatment of digital calcification is unsatisfactory. We evaluated the use of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in the management of this condition in six patients with the limited form of systemic sclerosis. A total of 21 areas of symptomatic digital calcification of the fingers were treated. Complete resolution of symptoms occurred in 12, moderate response with partial improvement was seen in five, little improvement was observed in two, and recurrence of calcinosis was found in two. The patient's average healing time was 6 weeks (range 4-10). The median duration of follow-up was 20 months (range 12-40). Postoperative infection was seen in two patients, and resolved completely in both with the use of topical and oral antibiotics. We found the CO2 laser a simple and effective treatment for most of the symptomatic lesions of digital calcification, and it may obviate the need for deforming surgery in many cases.
Abstract 2153: P34SEI-1 inhibits ROS-induced cell death through suppression of ASK1
Authors: Dong-Hoon Jin, Seung-Woo Hong, Jae-Sik Shin, Dok Hyun Yoon, Young-Soon Na, Yong Sang Hong, Jae-Lyun Lee, Min-Hee Ryu, Tae-Won Kim, Won-Keun Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1 is a key factor for controlling cellular events including cell cycle, senescence or apoptosis, in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanisms that regulate ASK1 protein remain largely unexplored. In this study we demonstrate that p34SEI-1 which is both a positive cell cycle regulator as well as an oncogenic protein, inhibits ROS-induced cell death by suppressing ASK1. We first found that p34SEI-1-expressing cells have enhanced resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We found that ASK1 phosphorylation induced by H2O2 was clearly inhibited in two, colon cancer cells, i.e. HCT116 and SW620, which ectopically express p34SEI-1. Moreover transfection with p34SEI-1 resulted in a decrease in the ASK1 protein level. Surprisingly, p34SEI-1 induced the ubiquitination of ASK1, however, there is no interaction between p34SEI-1 and ASK1. These results suggest that p34SEI-1 inhibits ROS-induced cell death through the induction of ASK1 ubiquitination. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2153. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2153
Dual isotope thallium and indium antimyosin SPECT imaging to identify acute infarct patients at further ischemic risk.
Authors: L L Johnson, D W Seldin, A M Keller, R M Wall, K Bhatia, C O Bingham, M E Tresgallo
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Forty-two patients (28 men and 14 women) with acute myocardial infarction (35 Q, seven non-Q wave) were injected with 2.0 mCi indium 111-labeled antimyosin (AM) monoclonal antibody (111In AM) within 48 hours of the onset of chest pain. Forty-eight hours later (72-96 hours after onset of chest pain), patients were injected with 2.2 mCi thallium 201, and two sets of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were obtained simultaneously using dual energy windows set for the 247 keV indium photopeak and the 70 keV thallium peak. Seventeen patients had repeat scans at 4 hours. 111In AM uptake and 201Tl defects were localized to one or more of 24 coronal and sagittal segments. Scans with only 201Tl defects and corresponding 111In AM uptake were classified as matches; scans with unmatched 201Tl defects in addition to matching regions corresponding to electrocardiographic infarct location were classified as mismatches; and scans with 201Tl and 111In AM uptake in the same segments were classified as overlap. Scan patterns were correlated with clinical evidence for residual ischemia occurring within 6 weeks of infarct and including infarct extension, recurrent angina, and positive predischarge low-level or 6-week symptom-limited stress tests and with coronary anatomy. Fourteen patients had only matching patterns (group 1), 23 had mismatches (group 2), and five had 201Tl-111In overlap as the predominant pattern. None of the patients in group 1 had previous myocardial infarction; in each, the matched area corresponded to the Q wave location on electrocardiogram, and none had further in-hospital ischemic events or positive stress tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TEMPORAL COURSE OF NEOINTIMAL HYPERPLASIA FOLLOWING DRUG ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION AS ASSESSED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Haris Riaz, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Talha Riaz, Mehak Idrees, Sajjad Gul, Joshua Clevenger, Eoin Donnellan, Samir Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The Medical Assistant: An Intermediate Level of Health Care Personnel
Authors: Shirley Steele
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The papers in this volume, originally presented at a three-day conference, focus on the preparation and utilization of the medical assistant in health care delivery. The book raises many questions but offers few solutions to the myriad problems associated with creating another level of health care worker. Educational programs that prepare persons for this role are presented and clearly illustrate the accomplishments as well as the unresolved issues associated with creating a new professional role. The inclusion of representatives of countries, in addition to the USA, in the discussion raises additional questions rather than resolves any of the perplexing problems. As its major contribution, this volume offers a handy compilation of papers highlighting the history of the movement and the considerations for the future. Yet, after finishing the book, the reader still does not have a solid basis for making decisions about who should be prepared and for how long,
PREPARATION AND EFFECTS OF AN ANTI-MAST CELL SERUM
Authors: Douglas E. Smith, Yevette S. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

In an attempt to obtain an antiserum that would bring about widespread destruction of mast cells in the rat, rabbits were immunized with mast cells isolated from the peritoneal cavities of rats. Striking evidence of anti-mast cell activity was indicated in vivo by mast cell disruption and in vitro by positive interfacial precipitin tests of the serum from rabbits so treated. The time course of the production of anti-mast cell activity in the rabbit serum was established. Normal rabbit serum was without effect on mast cells in the several tests. The same was true for rabbit anti-rat liver serum except when it was applied directly to tissues containing mast cells. In the latter case mast cell disruption ensued, but it appeared different from that evoked by anti-mast cell serum. Intraperitoneal injection of anti-mast cell serum was followed by destruction of all of the mast cells of the mesentery and of the majority of mast cells in the ear, scrotum, and abdominal skin. The time course of this destruction, of the phagocytosis of the mast cell debris, and of the repopulation of the tissues with new mast cells was established. Attending the disruption of mast cells the levels of tissue histamine dropped sharply but returned toward normal as new mast cells appeared. In the scrotum and abdominal skin 5-hydroxytryptamine did not fall below normal and was markedly above normal at the time when histamine and mast cell content were lowest. Reddening and swelling of the muzzle, ears, feet, and scrotum were present during the first few days after injection of the anti-mast cell serum. Intraperitoneal injection of normal rabbit serum was without any of the above effects. Similarly injected rabbit anti-rat liver serum had no effect on the mast cells or upon the levels of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the ear, scrotum, or abdominal skin. It caused no reddening and swelling of the muzzle, ears, feet, and scrotum. It was attended, however, by destruction of the mast cells and by a sharp fall in the histamine content of the mesentery. Gross changes in the tissue of the peritoneal cavity following anti-mast cell and anti-liver serum were described. The possible significance of the several findings were discussed.
The Shifting Social Scene and Family Medicine
Authors: James L. Dennis
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Although by nature physicians are conservative, all of them in the past 30 years have accepted radical changes. For example, in 1930 there was no government involvement in medicine; today, virtually every physician collaborates with government in one way or another. In 1930 general practitioners in private practice dominated the field and were to be found in every community; today, specialists predominate and are concentrated around major medical centers in large cities and the affluent suburbs, while in the central cores of our metropolitan areas and in many rural communities, physicians are no longer available. In 1930 practice was almost exclusively devoted to acute infectious and contagious disease, infant and maternal mortality, and emergency surgery because the primary concern was the prevention of death; today, the concern is the prevention of illness, health care, chronic and degenerative disease, stress disorders, trauma, and major elective and corrective surgery. In 1930 medical
Oxysterols induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression in cholangiocytes: Implications for biliary tract carcinogenesis
Authors: Jung-Hwan Yoon, Ali E. Canbay, Nathan W. Werneburg, Sum P. Lee, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is expressed by cholangiocytes in biliary tract disorders, has recently been implicated in biliary tract carcinogenesis. The mechanisms responsible for this COX-2 expression remain unclear. In human diseases, bile contains oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (oxysterols) which possess diverse biological properties. Therefore, we determined if oxysterols modulate COX-2 expression. The effect of an oxysterol (22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, 22-HC) on COX-2 expression in KMBC cells, a human cholangiocarcinoma cell line, was examined. 22-HC enhanced COX-2 protein expression. This oxysterol activated p42/44 and p38 MAPK, but not JNK 1/2. A p42/44 MAPK inhibitor did not block COX-2 induction, while p38 MAPK inhibitor effectively attenuated COX-2 induction. Although COX-2 mRNA levels were increased by 22-HC, this increase was not transcriptionally regulated, as 22-OH did not increase activity in a COX-2 promoter gene assay. In contrast, COX-2 mRNA stability was augmented by 22-HC treatment, and this effect was reversed by a p38 MAPK inhibitor. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the oxysterol 22-HC stabilizes COX-2 mRNA via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism. This enhanced COX-2 protein expression by oxysterols may participate in the genesis and progression of cholangiocarcinoma.
Coexistence of Reiter's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis in a genetically susceptible individual
Authors: S. Fallahi, R. K. Miller, J. T. Halla
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A patient is presented who had features of Reiter's syndrome for 10 years before developing features of rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnostic criteria for both diseases are fulfilled, and HLA typing revealed the presence of both B27 and DR4 antigens. The coexistence of Reiter's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis appears to have occurred in an individual genetically susceptible to both diseases.
Treatment of Melioidosis
Authors: Murray Spotanitz
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Cooper's proposal that "severe pneumonia or sepsis" due to melioidosis should be treated with massive doses of chloramphenicol, kanamycin, sulfate, and novobiocin sodium warrants some comment. As he points out, such therapy carries with it the danger of bone marrow, hepatic, renal, and eighth nerve toxicity. The risk of toxicity from his drug regimen might be justified if there was some basis for believing that it was necessary on theoretical or clinical grounds. I can find no theoretical basis for the drug dosages and combinations which he recommends and the clinical observations he cites are also questionable. In vitro studies indicate that most strains of<i>P pseudomallei</i>are sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides at levels obtainable in the blood with conventional doses of these drugs. Experimental infections in mice have been controlled with these agents. The superiority of chloramphenicol in experimental infections with<i>P pseudomallei</i>
Hypovolemic Shock-Reply
Authors: William Schumer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Young should refer to the excellent immunohematologic studies by Kaplan and colleagues,<sup>1,2</sup>showing that depressed systemic reticuloendothelial clearance capacity following trauma and shock may decrease systemic resistance to septicemia and that severe bacteremia may further undermine the functional state of the reticuloendothelial system. They also found that posttraumatic reticuloendothelial phagocytic depression is primarily mediated by diminished humoral support rather than by cellular dysfunction and that the humoral deficit is a lack of opsonic activity rather than a phagocytic-depressant substance or hypoxic or acidotic conditions.<sup>1,2</sup> These opsonification factors aid in bacterial phagocytosis and apparently prevent pulmonary complications in hypovolemic and septic shock. Thus, patients who are losing whole blood should be given RBC mass plus fresh-frozen plasma cryoprecipitate to replace the α-<sub>2</sub>-glycoprotein opsonin deficiency. These phagocytic function alterations can also be repaired by giving the less costly whole blood. The length of time involved