tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology and Comorbidity of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients With Kleptomania
Authors: Franck J. Baylé, Hervé Caci, Bruno Millet, Sami Richa, Jean-Pierre Olié
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: This study compared patients with kleptomania, patients with alcohol abuse or dependence, and psychiatric patients without impulse-control disorders or substance-related disorders on several key psychopathological dimensions. In addition, the comorbidity of kleptomania with other psychiatric disorders was examined. METHOD: Eleven patients with kleptomania recruited over a cumulative 2-year period and 60 patients with alcohol abuse or dependence and 29 psychiatric comparison patients recruited over a consecutive 6-month period participated in structured clinical interviews to determine the presence of impulse-control and substance-related disorders and of other psychiatric disorders that were comorbid with kleptomania. Psychopathological dimensions were measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Sensation Seeking Scale, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and the anxiety and depression subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: Significant group effects were found for the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale total and cognitive impulsivity scores, with the patients with kleptomania having higher impulsivity scores than the other groups. Significant group differences were found on the Sensation Seeking Scale total and disinhibition scores. No significant group effects were found for the mood and anxiety measures. Patients with kleptomania had high rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, particularly mood disorders, other impulse-control disorders, and substance abuse or dependence (mainly nicotine dependence). CONCLUSIONS: Kleptomania presented a specific psychopathological profile that distinguished patients with this disorder from patients with alcohol abuse or dependence and other psychiatric comparison patients. Impulsivity was the major psychopathological feature of kleptomania. A link between kleptomania and affective disorder was supported by the high rate of comorbid affective disorders in patients with kleptomania and a specific pattern of variation in the two conditions over time. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm this pattern. Because kleptomania is characterized by a low rate of comorbid substance-related disorders other than nicotine dependence and by severe psychopathology, it could be an appropriate disorder in which to study the information processes and psychobiology underlying impulsivity.
CICATRIZATION OF WOUNDS
Authors: Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

For a rise of temperature of 10°C., the rate of cicatrization was increased about twofold. This result could be expected, since wound healing is closely related to the phenomenon of growth and regeneration. It is classical that changes in temperature affect the metabolism and the development of certain organisms in the same manner as a chemical reaction. In spite of the complexity of the factors which bring about the cicatrization of a wound, it appears that the velocity of the phenomenon depends on the rate at which certain chemical changes take place.
Concomitant chemoradiotherapy versus induction docetaxel, cisplatin and 5 fluorouracil (TPF) followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer: a phase II randomized study
Authors: A. Paccagnella, M.G. Ghi, L. Loreggian, A. Buffoli, H. Koussis, C.A. Mione, A. Bonetti, F. Campostrini, G. Gardani, A. Ardizzoia, D. Dondi, M. Guaraldi, R. Cavallo, L. Tomio, A. Gava
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Reconstitution of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) after CD25-depleted allotransplantion in elderly patients and association with acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Stephan Mielke, Katayoun Rezvani, Bipin N. Savani, Raquel Nunes, Agnes S. M. Yong, John Schindler, Roger Kurlander, Victor Ghetie, Elizabeth J. Read, Scott R. Solomon, Ellen S. Vitetta, A. John Barrett
Journal: Blood (2007)
Comparisons of Site- and Haplotype-Frequency Methods for Detecting Positive Selection
Authors: K. Zeng, S. Mano, S. Shi, C.-I Wu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

In this report, we compare the differences between various site- and haplotype-frequency tests in their power to detect positive selection by doing computer simulations. Our results are the following. 1) Although haplotype-frequency tests that are conditional on the number of haplotypes (K) were developed for nonrecombining haplotypes, these tests are insensitive to recombination. Such tests, including the Ewens-Watterson (EW) test, can therefore be applied to recombining haplotypes. 2) Tests conditional on the number of segregating sites (S) become overly conservative in the presence of recombination. 3) The EW test is usually the most powerful test during the sweep phase, especially when the local recombination rate is high. 4) The "extended haplotype homozygosity" test relies heavily on the prior knowledge of the target of selection. With that knowledge, it is the most powerful test, whereas in the absence of this prior information, the test has little power. We also study the sensitivities of the haplotype-frequency tests to background selection and various demographic forces. We find that these tests are sensitive to some forces other than positive selection. To alleviate the problem of low specificity, compound tests, such as the DH test (Zeng et al. 2006), may be a solution. In the companion paper (Zeng K, Shi S, Wu C-I, in preparation), we use the EW test to devise 2 compound tests, which are more powerful in detecting positive selection than DH, but are also relatively insensitive to demography.
Visualization of Circulating Melanoma Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Primary Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Anja Ulmer, Julia Beutel, Daniela Süsskind, Ralf-Dieter Hilgers, Focke Ziemssen, Matthias Lüke, Martin Röcken, Martin Rohrbach, Gerhard Fierlbeck, Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Salvatore Grisanti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: In patients with uveal melanoma, tumor cell dissemination and subsequent formation of metastases are confined mainly to the hematogenous route. Here, we sought to isolate circulating melanoma cells in peripheral blood of patients with primary uveal melanoma and clinically localized disease. Experimental Design: Blood samples from 52 patients with clinically localized uveal melanoma and from 20 control individuals were prospectively collected before therapy of the primary tumor. Tumor cells expressing the melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan were enriched by immunomagnetic cell sorting and visualized by immunocytologic staining. Results were compared with clinical data at presentation. Results: In 10 of 52 patients [19%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 10-33%], between 1 and 5 circulating melanoma cells were detected in 50 mL peripheral blood. No melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan–positive cells were detected in any of the 20 controls examined. The presence of tumor cells in peripheral blood was associated with ciliary body invasion [odds ratio (OR), 20.0; 95% CI, 3.0-131.7], advanced local tumor stage (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.8-25.4), and anterior tumor localization (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-12.7), all established factors for uveal melanoma progression. Conclusions: Immunomagnetic enrichment enables detection of intact melanoma cells in peripheral blood of patients with clinically localized ocular disease. Visualization and capturing of these cells provide a unique tool for characterizing potentially metastasizing tumor cells from a primary melanoma at an early stage of the disease.
Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate inhibits the availability of arachidonate to prostaglandin synthetase in human platelet suspensions.
Authors: M Minkes, N Stanford, M M Chi, G J Roth, A Raz, P Needleman, P W Majerus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

When thrombin is added to washed human platelets, one of its actions results in activation of a phospholipase that hydrolyzes arachidonic acid from phospholipids. The arachidonate is converted to the cyclic endoperoxides (prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2) by fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase. These compounds are then converted to thromboxane A2, also called rabbit aorta-contracting substance, by thromboxane synthetase. These labile, pharmacologically active compounds then break down to inactive products including thromboxane B2 and malonaldehyde. Incubation of platelets with either dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (dBcAMP) or prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) before thrombin addition blocks the subsequent formation of oxygenated products of arachidonic acid including thromboxane A2, thromboxane B2, and malonaldehyde. In contrast, when arachidonic acid is added directly to platelets, prior incubation with dBcAMP or PGE1 does not inhibit production of the prostaglandins or their metabolites. Thrombin treatment of platelets also blocks the acetylation of cyclo-oxygenase by aspirin since the hydrolyzed arachidonic acid competes with aspirin for the active site on cyclo-oxygenase. Prior treatment of platelets with dBcAMP or PGE1 reverses the thrombin inhibition of the acetylation of cyclo-oxygenase. We conclude that agents which elevate platelet cAMP levels inhibit the hydrolysis of arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipids. We also find that prostaglandin synthesis can be dissociated, in part, from platelet aggregation and release, and that cAMP has separate actions on these processes. Higher thrombin concentrations are required to stimulate prostaglandin synthesis (0.05-2 U/ml) than are required to induce [14C]serotonin release (0.02-0.1 U/ml). Furthermore, dBcAMP and PGE1 both inhibit platelet aggregation induced by either arachidonic acid or prostaglandin H2 without affecting the production of prostaglandin metabolites from these compounds.
A4.11 Baseline Elevated Serum Levels of Calprotectin as Independent Marker for Radiographic Spinal Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Maureen Turina, Joachim Sieper, Nataliya Yeremenko, Hildrun Haibel, Dominique Baeten, Denis Poddubnyy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objective</h3> Syndesmophytes formation and complete fusion of the total spine are common characteristics leading to functional impairment and disability in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Predictors for progression of structural damage are smoking, elevated levels of acute phase reactants and the presence of syndesmophytes at baseline. These predictors identify increased risk for progression at group level but their specificity is not strong enough to be used as biomarkers in individual patients. We recently demonstrated that calprotectin, a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9, expressed and secreted during monocyte infiltration into inflamed tissues, is a good biomarker of treatment responses in AS. Here, we aimed to determine if calprotectin levels are predictive for radiographic spinal progression in AS patients. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> 76 AS patients were selected from German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESPIC). Spinal radiographs were scored by two readers using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) system. Subsequently, anteroposterior views of the lumbar spine were scored for presence of syndesmophytes. Radiographic spinal progression was defined as 1) mSASSS worsening by ≥2 units after 2 years, and 2) development of a new syndesmophyte or progression of existing syndesmophytes after 2 years. Serum calprotectin levels were determined by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> High calprotectin levels were associated with mSASSS worsening over two years in AS, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.740 (95% CI 0.614–0.866; <i>P</i> = 0.004). The odds ratio (OR) for radiographic spinal progression (mSASSS worsening by ≥2 units) in patients with calprotectin serum level &gt;0.5 µg/ml was 6.2 (95% CI 1.6–24.2, <i>P</i> = 0.009). The association between calprotectin levels and mSASSS progression remained significant after adjusting for other independent risk factors (syndesmophytes at baseline, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and smoking): OR = 5.5 (95% CI 1.2–25.8; <i>P</i> = 0.030). Analysis of syndesmophyte formation and/or progression as outcome for structural damage yielded similar results: calprotectin levels were significantly associated with progression of syndesmophytes. The AUC was 0.670 (95% CI 0.520–0.819; <i>P</i> = 0.031). The predictive value of calprotectin was independent but similar to that of CRP. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Calprotectin is an independent predictor for radiographic spinal progression in AS.
Not All Sudden Death Is the Same
Authors: P.D. Allen
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

udden death as a result of cardiac arrhythmia is probably the most common symptom associated with cardiac disease.It occurs not only in people with known cardiac disease, most notably congestive heart failure, but also in young, apparently healthy individuals who have no apparent structural heart disease.Frequently, in this latter group, these fatal arrhythmias are associated with exercise and increased ␤-adrenergic stimulation.One possible mechanism for how these arrhythmias could occur in otherwise "normal" individuals is an aberrant release of Ca 2ϩ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which in turn could cause delayed afterdepolarizations 1 that can trigger potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias.Unlike skeletal muscle, where excitation-contraction coupling (EC coupling) is intermittent and mediated through a mechanical coupling between the slow voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ channel (dihydropyridine receptor, DHPR) in the sarcolemma and the skeletal isoform of the large-conductance calcium release channel in the SR (ryanodine receptor, RyR), RyR1 in cardiac muscle EC coupling is rhythmic and the cardiac isoform of RyR (RyR2) is activated by the inward Ca 2ϩ influx through the cardiac DHPR via Ca 2ϩ -induced Ca 2ϩ release (CICR). 2In the heart, RyR2 does not act in a vacuum but rather is part of a macromolecular complex containing the immunophilin FKBP12.6,phosphorylases, and phosphatases, 3 in addition to the DHPR and several other proteins including calsequestrin, triadin, junctin, and junctophilin, to name only a few, that make up the calcium release unit (CRU). 4Heart failure has been associated with disruption of this macromolecular complex secondary to hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 and the associated dissociation of FKBP12.6. 5 Interestingly, mice that carry two null alleles for FKBP12.6 have been shown to have exercise-and catecholamineinduced fatal ventricular arrhythmias suggesting that this is a crucial subunit for controlling ventricular Ca 2ϩ homeostasis. 6ecently, 11 missense mutations of RyR2 and one missense mutation of calsequestrin have been associated with a group of closely associated cardiomyopathies that are characterized by early sudden death: catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVD2), and familial polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. 7-10Interestingly, the
ABC of nutrition. Reducing the risk of coronary heart disease.
Authors: A S Truswell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

YearCoronary heart disease, the leading cause ofdeath in Britain and other Western countries, is only one tenth as common in industrial Japan and rare in most Third World communities.Its incidence is environmentally determined because immigrant groups soon take on the incidence oftheir host country and there have been large changes over time in mortality from coronary heart disease.It was uncommon before 1925 and then rose steadily except for a dip in Europe in the second world war.It is now declining in the USA and Australia, static in Britain and most ofwestern Europe, and increasing in eastern Europe.Coronary heart disease is a multifactorial disease, but diet is probably the fundamental environmental factor.The pathological basis is atherosclerosis, which takes years to develop.Thrombosis superimposed on an atherosclerotic plaque, which takes hours, usually precipitates a clinical event.Then whether the patient dies suddenly, has a classical infarct, develops angina, or has asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes depends on the state of the myocardium.Each of these three processes is likely to be affected by different components in the diet.75 76 77Atherosclerosis and cholesterol
Adaptive Evolution of Fertilization Proteins within a Genus: Variation in ZP2 and ZP3 in Deer Mice (Peromyscus)
Authors: Leslie M. Turner, Hopi E. Hoekstra
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Rapid evolution of reproductive proteins has been documented in a wide variety of taxa. In internally fertilized species, knowledge about the evolutionary dynamics of these proteins between closely related taxa is primarily limited to accessory gland proteins in the semen of Drosophila. Investigation of additional taxa and functional classes of proteins is necessary in order to determine if there is a general pattern of adaptive evolution of reproductive proteins between recently diverged species. We performed an evolutionary analysis of 2 egg coat proteins, ZP2 and ZP3, in 15 species of deer mice (genus Peromyscus). Both of these proteins are involved in egg–sperm binding, a critical step in maintaining species-specific fertilization. Here, we show that Zp2 and Zp3 gene trees are not consistent with trees based on nonreproductive genes, Mc1r and Lcat, where species formed monophyletic clades. In fact, for both of the reproductive genes, intraspecific amino acid variation was extensive and alleles were sometimes shared across species. We document positive selection acting on ZP2 and ZP3 and identify specific amino acid sites that are likely targets of selection using both maximum likelihood approaches and patterns of parallel amino acid change. In ZP3, positively selected sites are clustered in and around the region implicated in sperm binding in Mus, suggesting changes may impact egg–sperm binding and fertilization potential. Finally, we identify lineages with significantly elevated rates of amino acid substitution using a Bayesian mapping approach. These findings demonstrate that the pattern of adaptive reproductive protein evolution found at higher taxonomic levels can be documented between closely related mammalian species, where reproductive isolation has evolved recently.
Dislocation of the manubriosternal joint in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M. J. Wiseman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease characterised by joint deformity and subluxation. Although many joints may be involved, dislocation of the manubriosternal joint is extremely rare. A case of dislocation of this in a woman with RA is presented.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Fat Mass in a Large Cohort of Children
Authors: Andy R Ness, Sam D Leary, Calum Mattocks, Steven N Blair, John J Reilly, Jonathan Wells, Sue Ingle, Kate Tilling, George Davey Smith, Chris Riddoch
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Previous studies have been unable to characterise the association between physical activity and obesity, possibly because most relied on inaccurate measures of physical activity and obesity. Methods and Findings We carried out a cross sectional analysis on 5,500 12-year-old children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Total physical activity and minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured using the Actigraph accelerometer. Fat mass and obesity (defined as the top decile of fat mass) were measured using the Lunar Prodigy dual x-ray emission absorptiometry scanner. We found strong negative associations between MVPA and fat mass that were unaltered after adjustment for total physical activity. We found a strong negative dose-response association between MVPA and obesity. The odds ratio for obesity in adjusted models between top and the bottom quintiles of minutes of MVPA was 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.13, p-value for trend <0.0001) in boys and 0.36 (95% CI 0.17–0.74, p-value for trend = 0.006) in girls. Conclusions We demonstrated a strong graded inverse association between physical activity and obesity that was stronger in boys. Our data suggest that higher intensity physical activity may be more important than total activity.
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and lung cancer.
Authors: M Turner-Warwick, M Lebowitz, B Burrows, A Johnson
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Lung cancer was found in 20 (9.8%) of 205 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) or 12.9% of the 155 patients in this series followed to death. An excess relative risk of lung cancer of 14.1 was found in patients with CFA compared to the general population of comparable age and sex, allowing for the lengths of follow-up of the CFA patients. The relative risk for male smokers was (observed/expected) 15+1.06 = 14.2, and for female smokers (O/E) 2/0.3 = 6.7. Only one male and one female non-smoker had lung cancer. These data suggest that there is an excess risk of lung cancer not wholly accounted for by age, sex, or smoking habit. The distribution of histological types was not obviously different from that found in lung cancer without pulmonary fibrosis. Large opacities suggestive of lung cancer were present at the time of first hospital attendance for symptoms relating to CFA in four of the 20 patients. Finger clubbing was present in 19 (95%) compared with 116/185 (63%) of those so far not developing cancer. There were no other clinical differences at presentation. In particular, cancer was not found especially in those with longer survival from the onset of symptoms of CFA or with a greater initial radiographic change.
In vivo consequences of liver-specific interleukin-22 expression in mice: Implications for human liver disease progression
Authors: Ogyi Park, Hua Wang, Honglei Weng, Lionel Feigenbaum, Hai Li, Shi Yin, Sung Hwan Ki, Seong Ho Yoo, Steven Dooley, Fu-Sheng Wang, Howard A. Young, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract: Interleukin-22 (IL-22), which acts as either a proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine in various disease models, is markedly up-regulated in chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis B and C. In this report, we demonstrate a strong correlation between IL-22 expression in the liver with active, inflammatory human liver disease. To clarify the role of IL-22 up-regulation in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, liver-specific IL-22 transgenic (IL-22TG) mice, under the control of albumin promoter, were developed. Despite elevated IL-22 serum levels ranging from 4,000 to 7,000 pg/mL, IL-22TG mice developed normally without obvious adverse phenotypes or evidence of chronic inflammation (except for slightly thicker epidermis and minor inflammation of the skin) compared with wild-type mice. Interestingly, IL-22TG mice were completely resistant to concanavalin A–induced T cell hepatitis with minimal effect on liver inflammation and had accelerated liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Although they did not spontaneously develop liver tumors, IL-22TG mice were more susceptible to diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer. Microarray analyses revealed that a variety of antioxidant, mitogenic, acute phase genes were up-regulated in the livers of IL-22TG mice compared with those from wild-type mice. Conclusion: These findings indicate that localized production of IL-22 in the liver promotes hepatocyte survival and proliferation but primes the liver to be more susceptible to tumor development without significantly affecting liver inflammation. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)