tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Practice
Authors: Nemat O. Borhani
Journal: JAMA (1985)

IDEALLY, coronary heart disease should be prevented before it becomes clinically manifest, but when<i>primary prevention</i>fails, prevention of death and recurrent myocardial infarction after the first event, or<i>secondary prevention</i>, is still a worthwhile and achievable goal. Therefore, a review of the results of recent clinical trials on both secondary and primary prevention of coronary heart disease, and of their implications for clinical practice, would seem to be timely and useful. <h3>SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE</h3> A previous history of myocardial infarction is a recognized risk factor for recurrent events, including sudden death. This review reports on recent clinical trials on the efficacy of platelet-active drugs, β-adrenergic blockers, and lowering blood cholesterol regimen in treatment of this high-risk group of patients. Only selected examples of large-scale clinical trials, both short and long term, are addressed. <h3>Clinical Trials on the Protective Effect of Platelet-Active Drugs</h3> Platelet-active drugs, such as
Identification of mouse AAV capsid-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes
Authors: Denise E. Sabatino, Federico Mingozzi, Daniel J. Hui, Haifeng Chen, Peter Colosi, Hildegund C.J. Ertl, Katherine A. High
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Adeno-associated virus has been developed for use as a gene transfer vector. To understand the impact of AAV capsid-specific CD8(+) T cells on AAV-mediated gene transfer, we identified CD8(+) T cell epitopes for AAV-2 and AAV-8 capsid in C57BL/6 (H-2(b) MHC haplotype) and BALB/c (H-2(d) MHC haplotype) mice. Mice of both the H-2(b) and the H-2(d) haplotypes recognized epitopes on AAV-2 and AAV-8 capsid. T cells from H-2(b) mice recognized an epitope that was conserved between AAV-2 and AAV-8 capsid. Cross-reactivity of AAV-specific CD8(+) T cells induced by different AAV serotypes may have important implications for gene transfer. Identification of these epitopes will facilitate studies of immune response to AAV capsid in mouse models.
Frederick James Brunton
Authors: K. Dewbury
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant radiologist Southampton (b 1926; q St Mary's Hospital, London, 1950; FRCP, FRCR), d 24 February 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Freddie was appointed to work at Southampton General Hospital in 1963 and helped transform the department into a national centre of excellence. He was a major force in initiating the training programme in radiology and ensured its swift development when the medical school opened in 1970. Freddie served as a medical officer with the SAS in the 1950s. He was parachuted behind terrorist lines in the Malayan jungle and was mentioned in dispatches. After national service he continued training at the Central Middlesex Hospital, and then worked at the Brompton Hospital before returning to St Mary's to begin his training in radiology. He was a keen ornithologist and a first class fly fisherman. He leaves a wife, Gillian, and three children.
Gastric mucosal calcinosis
Authors: B. Yılmaz, S. Köklü, C. Sökmensüer
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 68-year-old woman with end-stage kidney disease due to hypertension presented with nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and epigastric pain. Endoscopy revealed varying numbers of 1 – 3-mm diameter, white, flat plaques in the gastric body ([Fig. 1]). Laboratory results included the following (normal ranges are given in brackets): blood urea 86.2 mg/dL (6.0 – 21.0 mg/dL); creatinine 4.2 mg/dL (0.6 – 1.1 mg/dL); calcium 9.2 mg/dL (8.9 – 10.1 mg/dL), corrected calcium 10.08 mg/dL; phosphorus 8.7 mg/dL (2.5 – 4.5 mg/dL); and albumin 2.9 g/dL (3.5 – 5.0 mg/dL). Urinalysis showed proteinuria (+ + +). The calcium–phosphate product was 87.6 mmol/L (normal < 60) and plasma intact parathyroid hormone level was 121 pg/mL (9.5 – 75 pg/mL).
Target lobe volume reduction and COPD outcome measures after endobronchial valve therapy
Authors: Arschang Valipour, Felix J.F. Herth, Otto C. Burghuber, Gerard Criner, Jean-Michel Vergnon, Jonathan Goldin, Frank Sciurba, Armin Ernst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy may be associated with improvements in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related outcomes and may therefore be linked to improvements in the body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity (BODE) index. Data from 416 patients with advanced emphysema and hyperinflation across Europe and USA, who were randomised to EBV (n=284) or conservative therapy (n=132) were analysed. Quantitative image analysis was used to compare the volume of the targeted lobe at baseline and at 6 months to determine target lobe volume reduction (TLVR). 44% of patients receiving EBV therapy ( versus 24.7% of controls) had clinically significant improvements in the BODE index (p&lt;0.001). BODE index was significantly reduced by mean± sd 1.4±1.8, 0.2±1.3 and 0.1±1.3 points in patients with TLVR &gt;50%, 20%–50% and &lt;20%, respectively (intergroup differences p&lt;0.001), but increased by 0.3±1.2 points in controls. Changes in BODE were predicted by baseline BODE and correlated significantly with lobar exclusion and lung volumes at 6 months. A greater proportion of patients in the treatment group than in the control group achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in BODE index; however, the likelihood of benefit was less than half in both groups. Patients in whom TLVR was obtained had greater improvements in clinical outcomes.
Concept of maximal flow ratio for immediate evaluation of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty result by videodensitometry.
Authors: N H Pijls, W R Aengevaeren, G J Uijen, A Hoevelaken, T Pijnenburg, K van Leeuwen, T van der Werf
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND In the setting of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), immediate information about the result of the intervention is important, whereas morphological parameters are often less reliable than in diagnostic coronary arteriography. Recently, a new videodensitometric method was introduced and validated in animal experiments, which allows accurate comparison of maximal myocardial perfusion between situations with different degrees of stenosis. This method uses mean transit time (Tmn) of the contrast agent at maximal hyperemia as a parameter for maximal flow and is strictly in accordance with indicated dilation theory. METHODS AND RESULTS In 40 patients with angina pectoris, single-vessel disease, and a positive exercise test at the time of acceptance for PTCA, this approach was applied for evaluation of the improvement of maximal flow achieved by the PTCA. Maximal vasodilation was induced immediately before and 15 minutes after PTCA by intracoronary administration of papaverine, and digital angiographic studies were performed. By special breath-holding instruction, almost motionless, triggered image acquisition was possible during 15-20 heartbeats. Excellent subtraction images could be obtained, and reliable determination of Tmn at maximal hyperemia was possible in 33 patients both before and after PTCA. The ratio between maximal flow after and before PTCA, called maximal flow ratio (MFR), was represented by the ratio between Tmn before and after the intervention and compared with the results of exercise testing 24-48 hours before and 7-10 days after the procedure. After correction for pressure changes, MFR was 2.2 +/- 1.5 for the 33 dilated vessels and 1.0 +/- 0.2 for 25 normal vessels serving as a control. In 94% of all patients, an MFR value of more than 1.6 or less than 1.6 discriminated between presence or absence of reversal of exercise test result from positive to negative. If on-line judgment of success was based upon angiographic parameters or measurement of trans-stenotic pressure gradient, the relation with noninvasive functional improvement was present only in 66% and 74% of all patients, respectively. A definite range of what can be called normal Tmn at maximal hyperemia could be distinguished, and post-PTCA values for successfully dilated arteries returned completely to this normal range. CONCLUSIONS Accurate comparison of maximal myocardial perfusion before and after PTCA is possible in man, improvement of maximal flow is highly related to functional improvement as indicated by exercise test results, and, therefore, this method provides a straightforward way for on-line evaluation of the result of the intervention.
Fatty acid proportions in cholesterol esters and risk of premature death from cancer in middle aged French men
Authors: M. Zureik, P. Ducimetiere, J.-M. Warnet, G. Orssaud
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To assess the association of proportions of fatty acids in cholesterol esters with the risk of premature death from cancer in middle aged men.Prospective cohort study.Paris, France.3277 working men aged 36-52 in 1981-5.Cancer mortality during an average of 9.3 years of follow up.59 men died of cancer during follow up. The age adjusted relative risks for men in the highest thirds of the distribution of the proportions of linoleic, palmitoleic, and oleic acid in cholesterol esters as compared with those in the corresponding lowest thirds were 0.16 (95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.51), 3.39 (1.63 to 7.05), and 4.22 (1.95 to 9.12), respectively. Adjustment for and stratification by smoking, alcohol consumption, serum cholesterol concentration, and body mass index did not alter the results. At the time of examination subjects with cancer had a lower intake of polyunsaturated fats, assessed by 24 hour recall, than those without cancer (13.2 v 17.4 g/day, P < 0.01).Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids of cholesterol esters are strong biological markers that predict premature death from cancer in French men. Consistently, intake of polyunsaturated fats did not seem to increase the risk of death from cancer. The association of biological markers of dietary fat intake with incidence of and mortality from cancer should be investigated prospectively in other populations.
Workshop: Operative Endoscopy: Report: 2nd European Endoscopy Congress, Konstanz, April 17 to 19, 1975
Authors: R. Ottenjann, W. Bartelheimer, M. Classen, K. Elster, P. Frühmorgen, H. Koch, B. Manegold, K. Paquet, W. Rösch, L. Safrany, E. Seifert
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)
Safety of Budesonide and Formoterol Administered Via One Pressurized Metered-dose Inhaler (Budesonide/Formoterol pMDI) in Patients (≥12 Years) With Moderate to Severe Persistent Asthma
Authors: L.J. Rosenwasser, M.J. Noonan, P. Martin, L. O'Dowd, C.D. O'Brien
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Male-to-Female Transmission of HIV
Authors: Allan M. Salzberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Male-to-Female Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV]"<sup>1</sup>provides highly useful epidemiologic data. The 23% one-year conversion to positivity for HIV antibodies among female partners of HIV-positive bisexual men implies an average heterosexual transmission rate of one case per index case every three to 3.5 years or about one transmission every 300 to 400 genital contacts. These values are in excellent agreement with those obtained from our computer modeling of the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a heterogeneous population. We obtained a heterosexual transmission rate of one case per index case every three to four years, with a concomitant transfer rate of 1/300 per heterosexual contact. Coupling these results with transmission rates of one every 16 months in the gay population, which is lower than the historical rates, and a crossover rate from the high- to the low-risk group of one infection
Alistair Cameron MacDonald
Authors: Paul MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Alistair Cameron MacDonald (“Sandy”) was born in Elgin, Morayshire, where his father was a general practitioner. His earliest memories were of exploring the garden of the TB sanatorium and of playing at being a doctor at home: “I’d borrow my Dad’s trilby hat and a small version of his doctor’s bag, and I’d get on my tricycle and go and visit my patients in the garden. My patients were mostly the hens at the bottom of the garden—many of them survived.”

Educated at Elgin Academy, during the summer holidays Sandy attended camps run by the Scripture Union. At Aberdeen University, for which he boxed and swam, he joined the Evangelical Union and during his houseman’s year was recruited as a missionary by the Church of Scotland. …
Abstract 4524: Combined inhibition of PIM and PI3 kinases shows an enhanced efficacy in a number of solid tumour cell lines
Authors: Michael O'Neil, C. Blanco Aparicio, S. Jiang, S. Martinez, A. McKenzie, Martin Page, J. Pastor
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: PIM kinases play an important role in a number of aspects of the regulation of cell cycle and proliferation. Over expression of PIM kinases is associated with oncogenicity in a number of haematological and solid tumours. Recent evidencesuggests that PIM expression is upregulated by inhibition of signalling on the AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway. We set out to examine the effects of inhibition of PIM kinases in a number of solid tumor cell lines and to explore the effects of concomitant inhibition of the AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway with novel agents having dual PIM kinase and PI3k inhibition. Representative cell lines for colorectal, lung, oesophageal and prostate tumors (HCT116, A549 and H460, OE21, PC3 respectively) were chosen for testing in a cytotoxicity assay. Compounds tested were GDC-0941, a prototypical PI3K inhibitor, AZD 1208, a pan-PIM inhibitor (i.e. equi-active on all 3 PIM isoforms), IBL- 201 and IBL-202 (dual-acting PI3K/PIM inhibitors) and IBL-301 and IBL-302 (triple-acting PI3K/PIM/mTOR inhibitors). Rapamycin the prototypical mTOR inhibitor and cisplatin were also tested as reference compounds. Results: The pan-PIM compound AZD1208 showed efficacy in all cell lines in the micromolar range. Rapamycin was also active across similar concentrations. GDC-0941, the PI3K inhibitor exhibited moderate efficacy across the cell line panel . The dual and triple inhibitors showed cytotoxic effects at sub micromolar concentrations, with the OE21 and PC3 oesophageal and prostate lines respectively showing the most sensitive responses. Conclusion: These results suggest that in selected solid tumor cell lines combined inhibition of PIM and PI3 kinases can lead to an increased cytotoxic effect. Further studies are under way to determine if this observation is corroborated in vivo. Combined inhibition of PIM and PI3 kinases with a single molecule may offer significant opportunities in the clinic for efficacy in key tumour subsets and to circumvent acquired resistance via feedback mechanisms. Citation Format: Michael O'Neil, C. Blanco Aparicio, S. Jiang, S. Martinez, A. McKenzie, Martin Page, J. Pastor. Combined inhibition of PIM and PI3 kinases shows an enhanced efficacy in a number of solid tumour cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4524
Study Shows Mastectomy Prevents Breast Cancer in High-Risk Women
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

ONE OF THE mixed blessings of the discovery of genes in some women that markedly raise the risk for developing breast cancer and the availability of genetic testing has been the question of how this knowledge can be useful to such high-risk women. Increased surveillance is advised to detect and treat cancers as early as possible, but the issue of a preemptive strike — prophylactic mastectomy—has been more troubling. The problem is that there have been no solid data to back up the assumption that the radical step of removing healthy breasts would actually prevent the onset of disease, because the procedure is likely to leave some residual bits of breast tissue behind. Because of this, and the lack of data addressing the issue, many experts have maintained that the procedure must be considered unproved and women in highrisk families have to be advised of the uncertainty regarding its effectiveness—a
Pharmacokinetic analysis of coronary venous retroinfusion: A comparison with anterograde coronary artery drug administration using metoprolol as a tracer
Authors: Lars Rydén, Hiroyuki Tadokoro, Per-Ove Sjöquist, Carl Regardh, Shiro Kobayashi, Eliot Corday, J.Kevin Drury
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Is electrodermal testing as effective as skin prick tests for diagnosing allergies? A double blind, randomised block design study
Authors: G. T Lewith
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate whether electrodermal testing for environmental allergies can distinguish between volunteers who had previously reacted positively on skin prick tests for allergy to house dust mite or cat dander and volunteers who had reacted negatively to both allergens. <b>Design:</b> Double blind, randomised block design. <b>Setting:</b> A general practice in southern England. <b>Participants:</b> 15 volunteers who had a positive result and 15 volunteers who had a negative result on a previous skin prick test for allergy to house dust mite or cat dander. <b>Intervention:</b> Each participant was tested with 6 items by each of 3 operators of the Vegatest electrodermal testing device in 3 separate sessions (a total of 54 tests per participant). For each participant the 54 items comprised 18 samples each of house dust mite, cat dander, and distilled water, though these were randomly allocated among the operators in each session. A research nurse sat with the participant and operator in all sessions to ensure blinding and adherence to the protocol and to record the outcome of each test. <b>Outcome:</b> The presence or absence of an allergy according to the standard protocol for electrodermal testing. <b>Results:</b> All the non-atopic participants completed all 3 testing sessions (810 individual tests); 774 (95.5%) of the individual tests conducted on the atopic participants complied with the testing protocol. The results of the electrodermal tests did not correlate with those of the skin prick tests. Electrodermal testing could not distinguish between atopic and non-atopic participants. No operator of the Vegatest device was better than any other, and no single participant9s atopic status was consistently correctly diagnosed. <b>Conclusion:</b> Electrodermal testing cannot be used to diagnose environmental allergies.
Use of Lilium longiflorum, cv. ace pollen germination and tube elongation as a bioassay for the hepatocarcinogens, aflatoxins.
Authors: W V Dashek, R L Harman, L B Adlestein, W A Morton, B M Rapisarda, J C Chancey, G C Llewellyn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Although various animal tissues are used for bioassay of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2), a rapid bioassay dependent upon a plant part's response does not exist. Both pollen germination (G) and tube elongation (TE) were enhanced in a 3.0 mM KH2PO4 (K)-containing but AFB1-lacking, modified Dickinson's medium. The B1 did not affect G when K was withheld but K supplementation impaired G above 15 micrograms/ml B1. Without K, 5-20 stimulated but 25 and 30 micrograms/ml B1 inhibited TE which was suppressed by every B1 conc tested in K-containing medium. Addition of NaH2PO4(N) instead of K to medium did not promote G. Slight G stimulation occurred at 16.6 micrograms/ml mixed aflatoxins (MA) in medium lacking either K or N but low G inhibitions were observed with K or N. The MA at 33.3 micrograms/ml reduced G 2.5% in K's of N's absence and 26 or 17% in their presence. While K did not stimulate TE without MA, N did 26%. At 16.6 and 33.3 micrograms/ml MA, TE was reduced 19, 6, 19% and 24, 25, 31%, respectively, in control, K- and N- media. Pollen G and TE were markedly sensitive to G1. Significant inhibitions of Zea mays seed G were observed at 5.8 and 11.6 micrograms/ml B1 but not root elongation (RE) from 0.4-11.6 micrograms/ml. The MA (31.5 micrograms/ml) administered for 72-240 hr did not influence either Arachis hypogeae seed G or RE. However, imbibing 5 cultivars each of Avena sativa (65-117 hr) and Hordeum vulgare (39-89 hr) inhibited RE 4/15-62%. Thus, except for Z. mays, pollen G and TE appear to be more B1-sensitive than seed G and RE. But, the pollen bioassay is less sensitive than both certain animal bioassays (0.025 micrograms/ml) and analytical methodologies (10 pg.).
Early postoperative prophylactic noninvasive ventilation after major lung resection in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Christine Lorut, Aurélie Lefebvre, Benjamin Planquette, Laurent Quinquis, Hervé Clavier, Nicola Santelmo, Halim Abou Hanna, François Bellenot, Jean-François Regnard, Marc Riquet, Pierre Magdeleinat, Guy Meyer, Nicolas Roche, Gérard Huchon, Joel Coste, Antoine Rabbat
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Cavotricuspid Isthmus Mapping to Assess Bidirectional Block During Common Atrial Flutter Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Jian Chen, None Christian de Chillou, Tarek Basiouny, Nicolas Sadoul, Jorge Da Silva Filho, Isabelle Magnin-Poull, Marc Messier, Etienne Aliot
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —We sought to compare published methods to an alternative approach ascertaining cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) block during atrial flutter ablation. Methods and Results —In 39 consecutive patients who underwent an atrial flutter ablation procedure, a 24-pole mapping catheter was positioned so that 2 adjacent dipoles were bracketing the targeted CTI line of block (LOB), with proximal dipoles lateral to the LOB and distal dipoles in the coronary sinus. Two pacing sites were lateral (positions A and B) and 2 were septal (positions C and D) to the LOB, with locations A and D closest to the LOB. A resulting CTI block was accepted when 3 criteria were fulfilled: (1) complete reversal of the right atrial depolarization on the 24-pole catheter when pacing in the coronary sinus, (2) conduction delays from A to D greater than from B to D, and (3) conduction delays from D to A greater than from C to A. A successful CTI block was obtained in all patients. Before CTI block was obtained, a progressive CTI conduction delay was observed in 11 patients (28.2%). During the procedure, the 3 criteria defined above were either all present or all absent. Conclusions —This study establishes that reversal of the atrial depolarization sequence up to the LOB is a definitive and mandatory criteria of successful atrial flutter ablation.
FRACTURE OF THE THYROID CARTILAGE.
Authors: GEORGE L. MORGENTHAU
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Since Arbuthnot Lane (1885)drew the attention of the profession to the frequency of fractures of the hyoid bone and larynx, several cases have been reported which tend to confirm his statement, that these fractures sometimes produce such light symptoms that they can be overlooked. Formerly, the prognosis was considered much graver. Gurlt had (in 1864) collected 68 cases, of which 47 ended fatally, and only 21 recovered. Even excluding those in which the injury was caused by an attempt on the patient's life, or where some additional accident complicated matters, 21 died, and but 13 recovered. Fischer pronounces every fracture of the larynx serious. Later observers, however, contributed statistics which are more encouraging. The most recent publication, by Sakolowski, describes a severe case with recovery. In it will be found a summary of the literature on the subject, statistics, etc. Although the case I had occasion to observe is an