tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Results of Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: M. Crespi, V. Casale, A. Grassi, M. Caperle, G. Casale, E. Conti
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Screening for colorectal cancer and its precursors was performed from '68 to '78 within the framework of a multiphasic cancer detection program on 35,700 "healthy" individuals of both sexes in the "high-risk" age groups. Fecal occult blood as determined by the benzidine test after diet was positive in 3,676 individuals (10.3%). Out of this group, 2,599 subjects were submitted to g.i. consultation and proctosigmoidoscopy, as well as 567 of the occult blood negative group selected on the basis of various clinical signs and symptoms. The lesions detected were 153 neoplastic polyps and 21 cancers, mostly in the Dukes A and B stages. Among the most significant results are the high compliance (70%) to proctosigmoidoscopy, the low sensibility (51%) and specificity (18%) of the benzidine test for occult blood, which makes it obsolete as a screening procedure, the increased (50%) diagnostic yield obtained by flexible sigmoidoscopy and the relevance of clinical signs and symptoms as selection parameters for further diagnostic work up.
An open-label, single-arm, phase 2 (PX-171-004) study of single-agent carfilzomib in bortezomib-naive patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Ravi Vij, Michael Wang, Jonathan L. Kaufman, Sagar Lonial, Andrzej J. Jakubowiak, A. Keith Stewart, Vishal Kukreti, Sundar Jagannath, Kevin T. McDonagh, Melissa Alsina, Nizar J. Bahlis, Frederic J. Reu, Nashat Y. Gabrail, Andrew Belch, Jeffrey V. Matous, Peter Lee, Peter Rosen, Michael Sebag, David H. Vesole, Lori A. Kunkel, Sandra M. Wear, Alvin F. Wong, Robert Z. Orlowski, David S. Siegel
Journal: Blood (2012)
Visualization of Human Adrenal Glands in Vivo by Scintillation Scanning
Authors: William H. Beierwaltes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The adrenal glands of a patient with Cushing's syndrome were visualized repeatedly with a rectilinear photoscanner and an Anger camera following the administration of a dose of<sup>131</sup>I-19-iodocholesterol. Both adrenal glands appeared to concentrate<sup>131</sup>I-19-iodocholesterol equally and were similar in size. This supported the clinical impression that his steroid excess was being caused by bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia rather than by a functioning unilateral adrenocortical tumor.
The Effect of Isometric Exercise on the Left Ventricular Volume in Normal Man
Authors: MILTIADIS A. STEFADOUROS, WILLIAM GROSSMAN, MAHFOUZ EL SHAHAWY, A. CALHOUN WITHAM
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The effect of isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) on left ventricular (LV) size and performance was studied noninvasively on 15 normal subjects at rest and at the end of 3 min of IHG at 50% of maximum contraction. Left ventricular internal diameter was measured at end-diastole and end-systole on LV echograms, the indirect carotid pulse was recorded, and blood pressure measured by sphygmomanometry. Using the cube formula, LV end-diastolic (EDVI) and end-systolic (ESVI) volume indices were computed, and stroke (SI) and cardiac (CI) indices were derived. Mean blood pressure (BPm) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated from these data by a technique previously described. In comparison to values at rest, IHG resulted in a significant ( P &lt; 0.01) rise in CI (3.5 ± 0.2 to 4.4 ± 0.3 L/min/m 2 ), BPm (87 ± 2 to 120 ± 4 mm Hg) and heart rate (79 ± 3 to 97 ± 4 beats/min). The product (SI x BPm), used as an index of LV stroke work, increased substantially (52 ± 3 to 74 ± 4 gm-m/m 2 ). No significant change was noted in EDVI (60 ± 4 to 62 ± 3 ml/m 2 ), SI (44 ± 2 to 46 ± 2 ml/m 2 ), and SVR (1209 ± 69 to 1275 ± 63 dynes/sec/cm –5 ). Thus normal hearts responded to IHG by increasing CI through tachycardia and pumping the same SI against increased afterload, without utilizing diastolic volume reserves. These data support the hypothesis that isometric muscular exercise leads to an augmentation of LV myocardial contractility in normal man.
Mothers’ Experiences of Serious Life Events Increase the Risk of Diabetes-Related Autoimmunity in Their Children
Authors: Anneli Sepa, Ann Frodi, Johnny Ludvigsson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Stressful life events have been shown to constitute a risk factor for type 1 diabetes during childhood. Our aim was to investigate in the general child population (i.e., irrespective of genetic risk for type 1 diabetes) whether mothers’ experiences of serious life events, such as divorce and violence, were associated with diabetes-related autoimmunity in their children at age 2.5 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study cohort was comprised of the first 5,986 consecutive children and their families from the prospective population-based All Babies in Southeast Sweden project for whom 2.5-year study data were available. Data were drawn from parental questionnaires that included questions about experiences of serious life events and the blood samples taken from the children when the children were age 2.5 years. The blood samples were analyzed for diabetes-related autoantibodies against tyrosine phosphatase and GAD. RESULTS—Mothers’ experiences of divorce (odds ratio 3.6, 95% CI 1.4–9.6, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and violence (2.9, 1.0–7.8, P &amp;lt; 0.05) were associated with diabetes-related autoimmunity in the children, independent of a family history of type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—The results support the β-cell stress hypothesis and suggest that maternal experiences of serious life events such as divorce and violence seem to be involved in the induction or progression of diabetes-related autoimmunity in children at age 2.5 years, independent of family history of type 1 diabetes.
Occupational Injuries Among Working Adolescents in New York State
Authors: Renate Belville
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To determine the number, distribution, determinants, and health consequences of occupational injuries among working adolescents in New York State.A retrospective, population-based analysis of New York State workers' compensation award data and the Annual Demographic File, a supplement to the US Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey.Adolescents, aged 14 through 17 years, who received workers' compensation awards for occupational injury from 1980 through 1987.(1) Numbers, types, and rates of occupational injuries in working adolescents by age, sex, industry, and occupation; (2) health consequences of injury, especially disability and death; and (3) secular trends in injury award rates.A total of 9656 adolescents were compensated for occupational injuries; 4201 compensated adolescents (43.5%) suffered permanent disability; 31 working adolescents died. The annual mean rate of compensated occupational injury was 28.2 per 10,000 adolescent workers. Rates were higher in males than in females and ranged from 8.2 per 10,000 in 14-year-old male workers to 46.8 per 10,000 in 17-year-old male workers. Highest rates by industry were seen in manufacturing (49.0/10,000 adolescent workers) and agriculture (46.2/10,000). Unskilled labor was the most dangerous occupation (52.3/10,000).Occupational injuries are a substantial and underrecognized contributor to the continuing epidemic of injury among adolescents.
Use of Ezetimibe in the United States and Canada
Authors: Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Jack V. Tu, Joseph S. Ross, Dennis T. Ko, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Ezetimibe lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but current lipid-lowering guidelines in the United States and Canada do not recommend it as a first option for either primary or secondary prevention. We sought to describe the adoption of ezetimibe relative to that of other lipid-lowering agents and compare its use in the two countries.We conducted a population-level, cohort study using data from January 2002 to December 2006, provided by IMS Health, to describe prescribing practices and expenditures for lipid-lowering agents and ezetimibe in the United States and Canada.From 2002 to 2006, the monthly number of prescriptions for lipid-lowering agents rose from 3719 to 7401 per 100,000 population in Canada and from 3927 to 6827 per 100,000 population in the United States. Of these prescriptions, the proportion for ezetimibe rose from 0.2% in 2003 to 3.4% in 2006 in Canada and from 0.1% in 2002 to 15.2% in 2006 in the United States. Statin use was relatively constant between 2002 and 2006 in Canada, whereas the proportion of statin prescriptions decreased from 86.5 to 80.8% in the United States. In 2006, the ratio of prescriptions for statins to those for ezetimibe was 26:1 in Canada and 5:1 in the United States. In 2006, expenditures for ezetimibe per 100,000 population were higher in the United States than in Canada by a factor of more than 4.Distinct patterns of use of ezetimibe emerged in the United States and Canada from 2002 to 2006, a difference that markedly altered the approach to the treatment of hyperlipidemia in the United States. The U.S. pattern increased overall costs, but the effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain.
Promising cannabinoid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease: motor symptoms to neuroprotection
Authors: Sandeep Vasant More, Dong-Kug Choi
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2015)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slow insidious neurological disorder characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Although several recent preclinical advances have proposed to treat PD, there is hardly any clinically proved new therapeutic for its cure. Increasing evidence suggests a prominent modulatory function of the cannabinoid signaling system in the basal ganglia. Hence, use of cannabinoids as a new therapeutic target has been recommended as a promising therapy for PD. The elements of the endocannabinoid system are highly expressed in the neural circuit of basal ganglia wherein they bidirectionally interact with dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling systems. As the cannabinoid signaling system undergoes a biphasic pattern of change during progression of PD, it explains the motor inhibition typically observed in patients with PD. Cannabinoid agonists such as WIN-55,212-2 have been demonstrated experimentally as neuroprotective agents in PD, with respect to their ability to suppress excitotoxicity, glial activation, and oxidative injury that causes degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Additional benefits provided by cannabinoid related compounds including CE-178253, oleoylethanolamide, nabilone and HU-210 have been reported to possess efficacy against bradykinesia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in PD. Despite promising preclinical studies for PD, use of cannabinoids has not been studied extensively at the clinical level. In this review, we reassess the existing evidence suggesting involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the cause, symptomatology, and treatment of PD. We will try to identify future threads of research that will help in the understanding of the potential therapeutic benefits of the cannabinoid system for treating PD.
USE OF CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN DETECTION (QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE) OF LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE THROMBUS
Authors: Adekunle Shittu, Yalcin Hacioglu, Eli Gang, Dong Li, Harpreet Bhatia, Ronald P. Karlsberg, Juan Alvergue, Matthew J. Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
THE RED CROSS INSTITUTE FOR CRIPPLED AND DISABLED MEN
Authors: Douglas C. McMurtrie
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men is organizing an institution in New York to provide the special instructional opportunities for the physically handicapped that will make the cripple productive, and the special placement facilities that will secure for him the right type of employment. We are anxious to have referred to us by physicians, particularly in the New York district, but in exceptional cases from other sections of the country, men who would profit by such opportunities as the institute may offer. Almost every medical man will be acquainted with some men whose need is industrial rather than therapeutic: men who have reached the stage of medical finality but who will require special training or adaptation to enable them to regain the status of self-support. The cases in which profit can be derived by reeducational work are varied in character. The most obvious are
Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed “mindlines?” Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care
Authors: John Gabbay, Andrée le May
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To explore in depth how primary care clinicians (general practitioners and practice nurses) derive their individual and collective healthcare decisions. <b>Design</b> Ethnographic study using standard methods (non-participant observation, semistructured interviews, and documentary review) over two years to collect data, which were analysed thematically. <b>Setting</b> Two general practices, one in the south of England and the other in the north of England. <b>Participants</b> Nine doctors, three nurses, one phlebotomist, and associated medical staff in one practice provided the initial data; the emerging model was checked for transferability with general practitioners in the second practice. <b>Results</b> Clinicians rarely accessed and used explicit evidence from research or other sources directly, but relied on “mindlines”—collectively reinforced, internalised, tacit guidelines. These were informed by brief reading but mainly by their own and their colleagues9 experience, their interactions with each other and with opinion leaders, patients, and pharmaceutical representatives, and other sources of largely tacit knowledge. Mediated by organisational demands and constraints, mindlines were iteratively negotiated with a variety of key actors, often through a range of informal interactions in fluid “communities of practice,” resulting in socially constructed “knowledge in practice.” <b>Conclusions</b> These findings highlight the potential advantage of exploiting existing formal and informal networking as a key to conveying evidence to clinicians.
Effects of early captopril administration after thrombolysis on regional wall motion in relation to infarct artery blood flow
Authors: John K French, David J Amos, Barbara F Williams, David B Cross, John M Elliott, Hamish H Hart, Miles G Williams, Robin M Norris, Noel G Ashton, Ralph M.L Whitlock, Stephanie C McLaughlin, Harvey D White
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
A Hemodynamic Comparison of Dopamine and Isoproterenol in Patients in Shock
Authors: ROBERT C. TALLEY, LEON I. GOLDBERG, CHARLES E. JOHNSON, JOHN L. MCNAY
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The hemodynamic responses to isoproterenol and dopamine were investigated in 22 patients with the shock syndrome from various etiologies. Dopamine was superior to isoproterenol in seven patients with normal or low peripheral resistance. In this group of patients administration of isoproterenol was associated with unacceptably low blood pressure. Isoproterenol was superior in three patients in whom dopamine did not increase cardiac output. Both amines produced adequate clinical response in four patients, and a combination of isoproterenol and dopamine was necessary for adequate therapy in two patients. Six patients did not respond hemodynamically or clinically to either dopamine or isoproterenol. This investigation has demonstrated that optimal sympathomimetic amine therapy of shock is facilitated by an analysis of hemodynamic status and responses to drug administration.
Cardiac Risk of Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Kim A. Eagle, Charanjit S. Rihal, Mary C. Mickel, David R. Holmes, Eric D. Foster, Bernard J. Gersh, for the CASS Investigators, University of Michigan Heart Care Program
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The influence of prior coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) versus medical therapy for reducing the risk of postoperative cardiac complications after noncardiac surgery continues to be debated. To further clarify this controversy we studied 24,959 participants in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) database with suspected coronary disease by identifying those who required noncardiac surgery during more than 10 years of follow-up.CASS registry enrollees were either treated with CABG or medical therapy after initial entry. During follow-up, patients who required noncardiac operations were evaluated for hospital death or out-of-hospital death within 30 days of noncardiac surgery and nonfatal postoperative myocardial infarction (MI). At a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, 3368 patients underwent noncardiac surgery, with abdominal (36%), urologic (21%), orthopedic (15%), and vascular being most common. Abdominal, vascular, thoracic, and head and neck surgery each had a combined MI/death rate among patients with nonrevascularized coronary disease >4%. Among 1961 patients undergoing higher-risk surgery, prior CABG was associated with fewer postoperative deaths (1.7% versus 3.3%, P=.03) and MIs (0.8% versus 2.7%, P=.002) compared with medically managed coronary disease. Contrariwise, 1297 patients undergoing urologic, orthopedic, breast, and skin operations had mortality of <1% regardless of prior coronary treatment. Prior CABG was most protective in patients with advanced angina and/or multivessel coronary artery disease.In patients with known coronary artery disease, noncardiac surgeries involving the thorax, abdomen, vasculature, and head and neck are associated with the highest cardiac risk, which is reduced among patients with prior CABG.
Three Cases of Collagen Disease Treated with Corticoids
Authors: D. G. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Since Klemperer et al. (1941) first coined the term "diffuse collagen disease" it has become customary to group together as disorders of collagen tissue such seem- ingly diverse conditions as rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, disseminated lupus erythematosus, diffuse sclerodermia, dermatomyositis, and polyarteritis nodosa.In all of these conditions there are widespread lesions in the connective tissues, and it is the extracellular com- ponents of the latter, the collagen fibrils and the inter- mediate ground substance, which are chiefly affected.It is because of the widespread network of delicate collagen tissues in the walls of small blood vessels, beneath the endocardium and the lining endothelium of synovial and serous membranes, that the collagen diseases may have many features in common.There- fore, extensive vascular lesions, arthritis, endocarditis.pericarditis, aild pleurisy are all frequent manifestations.However, in spite of closely similar anatomical and pathological features, it has never been possible to demonstrate any aetiological relationship between indi- vidual members of the group.They are all distinct clinical entities, and diagnosis, even of the rarer types, often presents very little difficulty.Sometimes, how- ever, patients suffering from the rarer collagen disorders may present with an extremely acute illness in which many of the more characteristic features may be absent or inconspicuous.It is in these instances that diagnosis may be very difficult.The knowledge that many of these cases can be con- trolled by the administration of corticoid drugs has made early diagnosis of the greatest importance.The case histories of three patients are presented below, to illustrate the difficulties in diagnosis in these very acute cases and to show how the administration of corticoids may preserve life, and how their continued administration may maintain reasonably good health for prolonged periods.
Diabetes and Its Management
Authors: A. R. Colwell
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This little paperback for students and practicing physicians is founded on the authors' previous text,<i>Clinical Diabetes and Its Biochemical Basis</i>. It is concise, clinically oriented, and practical, yet fairly complete in covering patient care. Important aspects of the historical background, biochemistry, and metabolism are summarized in just a few pages. Classification and specific diagnostic tests are conveniently tabulated and interpreted. Understandably, principles of diabetic therapy are established rather rigidly under the English system and, in some respects, may differ markedly from those employed in the United States. This is interesting for comparison, but may depart considerably from local practice. Examples are the different measures of unusual foods and the use of larger amounts of solubles mixed with protamine zinc insulin suspension or isophane insulin suspension. It is doubtful that the large amounts of carbohydrate recommended operate as well to prevent hypoglycemic reactions as the generous protein intake ordinarily used
Acute Diffuse Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: H. L. Matthews, M. J. Meynell
Journal: BMJ (1954)

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITISSince the onset of ankylosing spondylitis is extremely variable, and as the average interval between the first symp- toms and diagnosis is three to four years, it is advisable to x-ray the sacro-iliac joints in siblings of patients with this disease, and imperative in any relative who complains of pain referable to the locomotor system. SummaryA family in which five members had ankylosing spondylitis is reported.The familial incidence is discussed and its importance ernphasized.Radiography of sacro-iliac joints is advised in relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis who complain of symptoms referable to the locomotor system.We wish to thank Mr. Radley Smith for referring those cases which we originally saw; Dr. Ernest Fletcher, under whose care they were admitted; and the Board of Governors of the Royal Free Hospital.
Overview of emerging pharmacologic agents for acute heart failure syndromes
Authors: Leonardo De Luca, Alexandre Mebazaa, Gerasimos Filippatos, John T. Parissis, Michael Böhm, Adriaan A. Voors, Markku Nieminen, Faiez Zannad, Andrew Rhodes, Ali El‐Banayosy, Kenneth Dickstein, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Cardiomyopathy and Exercise Intolerance in Muscle Glycogen Storage Disease 0
Authors: Gittan Kollberg, Már Tulinius, Thomas Gilljam, Ingegerd Östman-Smith, Gun Forsander, Peter Jotorp, Anders Oldfors, Elisabeth Holme
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Storage of glycogen is essential for glucose homeostasis and for energy supply during bursts of activity and sustained muscle work. We describe three siblings with profound muscle and heart glycogen deficiency caused by a homozygous stop mutation (R462-->ter) in the muscle glycogen synthase gene. The oldest brother died from sudden cardiac arrest at the age of 10.5 years. Two years later, an 11-year-old brother showed muscle fatigability, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and an abnormal heart rate and blood pressure while exercising; a 2-year-old sister had no symptoms. In muscle-biopsy specimens obtained from the two younger siblings, there was lack of glycogen, predominance of oxidative fibers, and mitochondrial proliferation. Glucose tolerance was normal.
Impact of different modalities of continuous venovenous hemofiltration on sepsis-induced alterations in experimental pancreatitis
Authors: Emre F. Yekebas, Tim Strate, Sharam Zolmajd, Claus F. Eisenberger, Andreas Erbersdobler, Armin Saalmüller, Katharina Steffani, Christoph Busch, Holger-Andreas Elsner, Madelaine Engelhardt, Andrea Gillesen, Jan Meins, Marcel The, Wolfram T. Knoefel, Jakob R. Izbicki
Journal: Kidney International (2002)