tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term results (≥ 10 years) of endoscopic therapy for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis
Authors: T. Wehrmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is one important cause of idiopathic acute-recurrent pancreatitis (ARP). Several trials have documented complete remission from ARP after endoscopic sphincterotomy during a 2-3-year follow-up. Data with longer follow-up, however, are not available.Between 1995 and 1998, endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed in 37 patients with manometrically documented SOD and ARP. Afterwards, all patients were prospectively re-evaluated over a period of at least 2 years. In 2008, all patients and their primary physicians were contacted and the patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. If a case or situation was unclear, the patients were clinically re-evaluated at our hospital.During the initial prospective 2-year follow-up, relapsing pancreatitis was documented in 5/37 patients (14%). At this point, dual endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed in four patients, and one patient underwent surgical pancreatico-jejunostomy. On retrospective re-evaluation (total follow-up, 11.5±1.6 years) at least one episode of recurrent pancreatitis was found among 19/37 patients (51%). The mean number of relapses that occurred during long-term follow-up (0.7±0.7; range, 0-2) was lower than that recorded at the time of patient enrollment (2.5±0.5; range, 2-4). The recurrence rate did not differ with respect to the patient's first clinical presentation, their demographic data or initial manometric findings. However, relapsing pancreatitis was documented more often in patients who, in the past, had undergone either biliary or pancreatic endoscopic sphincterotomy (12/13 patients) than among those who had undergone dual endoscopic sphincterotomy first (7/24 patients; P<0.05). The median interval for relapsing pancreatitis was 3.5 years (range, 3-84 months).Follow-up after endoscopic therapy for SOD in patients with ARP should be considered for at least 5 years. For endoscopic treatment, dual endoscopic sphincterotomy may be preferred, although this will not completely prevent recurrence of pancreatitis. Endoscopic therapy nonetheless helped to decrease the frequency of relapse.
Work characteristics and pesticide exposures among migrant agricultural families: a community-based research approach.
Authors: L A McCauley, M R Lasarev, G Higgins, J Rothlein, J Muniz, C Ebbert, J Phillips
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

There are few data on pesticide exposures of migrant Latino farmworker children, and access to this vulnerable population is often difficult. In this paper we describe a community-based approach to implement culturally appropriate research methods with a migrant Latino farmworker community in Oregon. Assessments were conducted in 96 farmworker homes and 24 grower homes in two agricultural communities in Oregon. Measurements included surveys of pesticide use and work protection practices and analyses of home-dust samples for pesticide residues of major organophosphates used in area crops. Results indicate that migrant farmworker housing is diverse, and the amounts and types of pesticide residues found in homes differ. Azinphos-methyl (AZM) was the pesticide residue found most often in both farmworker and grower homes. The median level of AZM in farmworker homes was 1.45 ppm compared to 1.64 ppm in the entry area of grower homes. The median level of AZM in the play areas of grower homes was 0.71 ppm. The levels of AZM in migrant farmworker homes were most associated with the distance from fields and the number of agricultural workers in the home. Although the levels of AZM in growers and farmworker homes were comparable in certain areas, potential for disproportionate exposures occur in areas of the homes where children are most likely to play. The relationship between home resident density, levels of pesticide residues, and play behaviors of children merit further attention.
Randomised trial of efficacy of benznidazole in treatment of early Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: Ana Lucia S Sgambatti de Andrade, Fabio Zicker, Renato Mauricio de Oliveira, Simonne Almeida e Silva, Alejandro Luquetti, Luiz R Travassos, Igor C Almeida, Soraya S de Andrade, João Guimarães de Andrade, Celina MT Martelli
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Relationship Between Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson, David L. Schriger, Anne L. Peters, Brett Lorber
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextNew criteria for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus have recently been introduced that lowered the diagnostic fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration from 7.8 to 7.0 mmol/L (140 to 126 mg/dL).ObjectiveTo determine if individuals with diabetes diagnosed by the new FPG concentration criterion would have excessive glycosylation (elevated hemoglobin [HbA1c] levels).DefinitionsWe determined the distribution of HbA1c levels in individuals using 4 classifications: (1) normal by the new criterion (FPG concentration <6.1 mmol/L [110 mg/dL]); (2) impaired fasting glucose by the new criterion (FPG concentration of 6.1-6.9 mmol/L [110-125 mg/dL]); (3) diabetes diagnosed solely by the new FPG concentration criterion of 7.0 through 7.7 mmol/L (126-139 mg/dL); and (4) diabetes diagnosed by the previous FPG concentration criterion of 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) or higher.DesignCross-sectional analysis of 2 large data sets (NHANES III and Meta-Analysis Research Group [MRG] on the Diagnosis of Diabetes Using Glycated Hemoglobin) that contained individuals in whom FPG concentrations, 2-hour glucose concentrations using an oral glucose tolerance test, and an HbA1c level were simultaneously measured. We cross-tabulated FPG concentrations (<6.1 mmol/L [110 mg/dL], 6.1-6.9 mmol/L [110-125 mg/dL], 7.0-7.7 mmol/L [126-139 mg/dL], and ≥7.8 mmol/L [140 mg/dL]) and HbA1c levels separated into 3 intervals: normal, less than the upper limit of normal (ULN); slightly elevated, ULN to ULN plus 1%; and high, higher than ULN plus 1%.ResultsAmong subjects with normal FPG concentrations, HbA1clevels in the NHANES III (and the MRG) data sets were normal in 97.3% (96.2%), slightly elevated in 2.7% (3.6%), and high in 0.1% (0.2%). Among individuals with impaired fasting glucose, HbA1c concentrations were normal in 86.7% (81.4%), slightly elevated in 13.1% (16.4%), and high in 0.2% (2.2%). Among diabetic patients diagnosed by the new FPG criterion only, HbA1c levels were normal in 60.9% (59.6%), slightly elevated in 35.8% (32.8%), and high in 3.4% (7.6%). In diabetic patients diagnosed by the former FPG criterion, HbA1c levels were normal in 18.6% (16.7%), slightly elevated in 32.5% (21.0%), and high in 48.9% (62.3%).ConclusionsAbout 60% of the new cohort of diabetic patients in both data sets have normal HbA1c levels. We believe that diabetes should not be diagnosed in those with FPG concentrations less than 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) unless excessive glycosylation is evident. Individuals without excessive glycosylation but with moderate elevations of FPG concentrations (6.1-7.7 mmol/L [110-139 mg/dL]) should be diagnosed as having impaired fasting glucose and treated with an appropriate diet and exercise. This diagnostic labeling achieves the goal of early intervention without subjecting these persons to the potentially negative insurance, employment, social, and psychological consequences of a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
S8 Hyperpolarised 3He MRI is superior to lung clearance index in detection of ventilation abnormalities in young children with mild CF
Authors: H Marshall, A Horsley, L Smith, D Hughes, F Horn, L Armstrong, J Parra-Robles, S Cunningham, I Aldag, C Taylor, Jm Wild
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hyperpolarised <sup>3</sup>He MRI provides high resolution images of lung ventilation and is more sensitive than spirometry to early changes in lung ventilation in cystic fibrosis (CF). Lung clearance index (LCI) is a global measure of ventilation heterogeneity which is also sensitive to early changes in the lungs in CF before spirometry. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of hyperpolarised <sup>3</sup>He MRI and LCI to detect ventilation changes in children with mild CF. <h3>Methods</h3> 4 CF patients (FEV<sub>1</sub> 78 110% predicted) and 4 healthy volunteers have been assessed so far. <sup>3</sup>He ventilation images were acquired at breath-hold following inhalation of hyperpolarised <sup>3</sup>He, with 2.7x2.7x10mm resolution and full lung coverage using a 1.5T MRI system. The percentage of lung ventilated (VV%) was calculated as <sup>3</sup>He ventilated volume divided by total lung volume segmented from <sup>1</sup>H MR images. LCI was measured using 0.2% SF6 and a modified Innocor gas analyser. LCI was performed sitting and repeated supine to mimic the position adopted for MRI scanning. Spirometry and plethysmography were also performed. Gas trapping was calculated as% difference in plethysmographic versus washout FRC. <h3>Results</h3> Healthy volunteers had a mean (standard deviation) age of 8.8(1.5) years, FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted = 97(10) and gas trapping = 4.4(9.1)%. LCI sitting was 6.9,7.3,6.6 and 6.9, LCI supine was 7.3,7.5,6.8 and 6.4. Healthy volunteers had homogeneous ventilation in <sup>3</sup>He ventilation images e.g. Fig1(a), and VV% = 94.5(2.8). CF patients had an age of 11.8(2.9) years, FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted = 95(13), and gas trapping = 8.7(11.0). LCI sitting was 7.7,6.6,6.6 and 9.1, LCI supine was 7.8,7.3,7.1 and 11.8. Ventilation abnormalities were observed using <sup>3</sup>He MRI in all four CF patients scanned (Fig 1(b-e), with order corresponding to the LCI values given), and VV% = 89.2(2.6). 2 of the 4 CF patients had normal sitting and supine LCI and 2 of 3 had no evidence of gas trapping, but <sup>3</sup>He MRI showed clear focal ventilation defects in all patients (b-d). <h3>Conclusions</h3> High quality <sup>3</sup>He MRI images can be produced in young children. Preliminary results suggest that hyperpolarised <sup>3</sup>He ventilation MRI may be more sensitive to early ventilation changes in CF than LCI or conventional lung function tests. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> CF Trust funding
Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis
Authors: Harish Nair, Eric AF Simões, Igor Rudan, Bradford D Gessner, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Jian Shayne F Zhang, Daniel R Feikin, Grant A Mackenzie, Jennifer C Moiïsi, Anna Roca, Henry C Baggett, Syed MA Zaman, Rosalyn J Singleton, Marilla G Lucero, Aruna Chandran, Angela Gentile, Cheryl Cohen, Anand Krishnan, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Adriano Arguedas, Alexey Wilfrido Clara, Ana Lucia Andrade, Maurice Ope, Raúl Oscar Ruvinsky, María Hortal, John P McCracken, Shabir A Madhi, Nigel Bruce, Shamim A Qazi, Saul S Morris, Shams El Arifeen, Martin W Weber, J Anthony G Scott, W Abdullah Brooks, Robert F Breiman, Harry Campbell
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
The Diode Laser: A Novel Side-Firing Approach for Laser Vaporisation of the Human Prostate—Immediate Efficacy and 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Michael Seitz, Ronald Sroka, Christian Gratzke, Boris Schlenker, Verena Steinbrecher, Wael Khoder, Derya Tilki, Alexander Bachmann, Christian Stief, Oliver Reich
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Requirement of extracellular complement and immunoglobulin for intracellular killing of micro-organisms by human monocytes.
Authors: P C Leijh, M T van den Barselaar, T L van Zwet, M R Daha, R van Furth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The role of serum factors in the intracellular killing of bacteria by monocytes was studied on the basis of an assay independent of phagocytosis. After 3 min of phagocytosis of preopsonized bacteria and removal of noningested bacteria, the monocytes containing bacteria are reincubated for various periods and the number of unkilled bacteria is determined by a microbiological method after lysis of the cells. Evidence that this assay measures the killing of ingested bacteria was provided by scanning electron microscopy, lysostaphin treatment, and the effect on the rate of intracellular killing of inactivated serum lacking specific opsonic activity. Intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureaus, S. epidermidis, and Escherichia coli by human monocytes does not occur or is low in the absence of serum, and maximal killing is only reached when fresh serum is present; intermediate values are obtained in the presence of heat-inactivated serum. These findings indicate that complement stimulates intracellular killing. Isolated heterogeneous immunoglobulin (Ig)G, pFc fragments of heterogeneous IgG, and both IgG1 and IgG3 stimulate intracellular killing of S. aureaus by monocytes to the same degree as heat-inactivated serum. Sphingomyelinase, which decreases the number of Fc receptors, and neuraminidase, which increases these receptors, respectively, decreased and increased the intracellular killing, whereas anti-monocyte serum completely abolished the stimulation of intracellular killing by inactivated serum. These results prove that interaction of the Fc receptor with the Fc part of IgG is required for the intracellular killing. Inhibition of the activation of complement components via the alternative pathway gave a considerable reduction in the intracellular killing of S. aureaus; impairment of the activation via the classical pathway had no effect. The addition of complement components to heat-inactivated serum showed that intracellular killing is maximal only when C3b is generated. Reduction of the number of C3b receptors in the membrane by trypsin or pronase decreased intracellular killing in the presence of fresh serum; anti-monocyte serum completely abolished the stimulation of intracellular killing by fresh serum. These results lead to the conclusion that intracellular killing is also dependent on the interaction between C3b and its receptor in the membrane.
An Integrated Genomic-Based Approach to Individualized Treatment of Patients With Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Holly K. Dressman, Andrew Berchuck, Gina Chan, Jun Zhai, Andrea Bild, Robyn Sayer, Janiel Cragun, Jennifer Clarke, Regina S. Whitaker, LiHua Li, Jonathan Gray, Jeffrey Marks, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Anil Potti, Mike West, Joseph R. Nevins, Johnathan M. Lancaster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated genomic-based approach to personalized treatment of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer. We have used gene expression profiles to identify patients likely to be resistant to primary platinum-based chemotherapy and also to identify alternate targeted therapeutic options for patients with de novo platinum-resistant disease.A gene expression model that predicts response to platinum-based therapy was developed using a training set of 83 advanced-stage serous ovarian cancers and tested on a 36-sample external validation set. In parallel, expression signatures that define the status of oncogenic signaling pathways were evaluated in 119 primary ovarian cancers and 12 ovarian cancer cell lines. In an effort to increase chemotherapy sensitivity, pathways shown to be activated in platinum-resistant cancers were subject to targeted therapy in ovarian cancer cell lines.Gene expression profiles identified patients with ovarian cancer likely to be resistant to primary platinum-based chemotherapy with greater than 80% accuracy. In patients with platinum-resistant disease, we identified expression signatures consistent with activation of Src and Rb/E2F pathways, components of which were successfully targeted to increase response in ovarian cancer cell lines.We have defined a strategy for treatment of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer that uses therapeutic stratification based on predictions of response to chemotherapy, coupled with prediction of oncogenic pathway deregulation, as a method to direct the use of targeted agents.
Autophagy Gene Atg16l1 Prevents Lethal T Cell Alloreactivity Mediated by Dendritic Cells
Authors: Vanessa M. Hubbard-Lucey, Yusuke Shono, Katie Maurer, Mallory L. West, Natalie V. Singer, Carly G.K. Ziegler, Cecilia Lezcano, Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta, Karin Schmid, Samuel M. Levi, George F. Murphy, Chen Liu, Jeffrey D. Winkler, Ravi K. Amaravadi, Gerhard Rogler, Anne M. Dickinson, Ernst Holler, Marcel R.M. van den Brink, Ken Cadwell
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Expectation of Life after Nephrectomy for Urinary Tuberculosis
Authors: E. H. Fenwick
Journal: BMJ (1944)

MEDICAL JOURNAL621routine in the early cases, but later it was found that many cases could be managed perfectly well without, and it was only done in those that presented special difficulties.The ease of control of the depth of anaesthesia, the quiet respirations, and the good oxygenation were features that were appreciated.No difficulty was experienced in obtaining adequate relaxation.Patients recovered quickly after operation, and their cough reflex was usually present before they left the theatre.Thoraco-abdominal Wounds.-Thesame procedure was fol- lowed in these cases, except that intubation was done as a routine.Controlled respiration was used when necessary.The Very Bad Risks.-Anaesthesia in these cases was effected with nitrous oxide and a high percentage of oxygen.Cyclopropane was added if necessary.General.-The machine used was a Rochester Lundy Heid- brink.It has travelled many hundreds of miles over bad roads and tracks, and has been packed and repacked many times without damage.Two hundred and seventy gallons of cyclo-
Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes
Authors: E C Hulme, N J M Birdsall, N J Buckley
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1990)

In 1914, Sir Henry Dale provided the basis for the classical and comfortable definition of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Muscarinic receptors are selectively activated by muscarine and blocked by atropine; nicotinic receptors are activated by nicotine and blocked by curare. This definition lasted over 60 years, despite isolated reports that the picture might not be so simple. We now know, as the result of molecular biological studies, that there are multiple variants of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors . These receptors are members of two quite separate gene superfamilies and only share the property of being activated by the same ligand, acetylcholine. The aim of this review is to discuss the structure, function, and binding properties of the different muscarinic receptor species, attempting where possible to coordinate the diverse experimental data into a uniform picture. For a more comprehensive review on muscarinic receptors, readers are di­ rected to a recent book by Brown (l).
A Universal Formula Based on Cystatin C to Perform Individual Dosing of Carboplatin in Normal Weight, Underweight, and Obese Patients
Authors: Antonin Schmitt, Laurence Gladieff, Amélie Lansiaux, Christine Bobin-Dubigeon, Marie-Christine Etienne-Grimaldi, Michèle Boisdron-Celle, Françoise Serre-Debauvais, Frédéric Pinguet, Anne Floquet, Eliane Billaud, Chantal Le Guellec, Nicolas Penel, Mario Campone, Rémy Largillier, Olivier Capitain, Michel Fabbro, Nadine Houede, Jacques Medioni, Philippe Bougnoux, Isabelle Lochon, Etienne Chatelut
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

It has recently been shown that it is possible to improve the prediction of carboplatin clearance by adding plasma cystatin C level (cysC), an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate, to the other patient characteristics routinely used for carboplatin individual dosing, namely serum creatinine (Scr), actual body weight (ABW), age, and sex. This multicenter pharmacokinetic study was done to evaluate prospectively the benefit of using cysC for carboplatin individual dosing.The 357 patients included in the study were receiving carboplatin as part of established protocols. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was done using NONMEM program. Seven covariates studied were as follows: Scr, cysC, age, sex, ABW, ideal body weight, and lean body mass.The best covariate equation was as follows: carboplatin clearance (mL/min) = 117.8. (Scr/75)(-0.450). (cysC/1,00)(-0.385). (ABW/65)(+0.504). (age/56)(-0.366). 0.847(sex), with Scr in micromol/L, cysC in mg/L, ABW in kilograms, age in years, and sex = 0 for male. Using an alternative weight descriptor (ideal body weight or lean body mass) did not improve the prediction. This final covariate model was validated by bootstrap analysis. The bias (mean percentage error) and imprecision (mean absolute percentage error) were +1% and 15%, respectively, on the total population, and were of a similar magnitude in each of the three subgroups of patients defined according to their body mass index.For the first time, a unique formula is proposed for carboplatin individual dosing to patients, which is shown to be equally valid for underweight, normal weight, and obese patients.
Patient-Reported Outcome Results From the Open-Label Phase III AURELIA Trial Evaluating Bevacizumab-Containing Therapy for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Martin R. Stockler, Felix Hilpert, Michael Friedlander, Madeleine T. King, Lari Wenzel, Chee Khoon Lee, Florence Joly, Nikolaus de Gregorio, José Angel Arranz, Mansoor Raza Mirza, Roberto Sorio, Ulrich Freudensprung, Vesna Sneller, Gill Hales, Eric Pujade-Lauraine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To determine the effects of bevacizumab on patient-reported outcomes (PROs; secondary end point) in the AURELIA trial. Patients and Methods Patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer were randomly assigned to chemotherapy alone (CT) or with bevacizumab (BEV-CT). PROs were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–Ovarian Cancer Module 28 (EORTC QLQ-OV28) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Ovarian Cancer symptom index (FOSI) at baseline and every two or three cycles (8/9 weeks) until disease progression. The primary PRO hypothesis was that more patients receiving BEV-CT than CT would achieve at least a 15% (≥ 15-point) absolute improvement on the QLQ-OV28 abdominal/GI symptom subscale (items 31-36) at week 8/9. Patients with missing week 8/9 questionnaires were included as unimproved. Questionnaires from all assessments until disease progression were analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measures (MMRM) analysis. Sensitivity analyses were used to determine the effects of differing assumptions and methods for missing data. Results Baseline questionnaires were available from 89% of 361 randomly assigned patients. More BEV-CT than CT patients achieved a ≥ 15% improvement in abdominal/GI symptoms at week 8/9 (primary PRO end point, 21.9% v 9.3%; difference, 12.7%; 95% CI, 4.4 to 20.9; P = .002). MMRM analysis covering all time points also favored BEV-CT (difference, 6.4 points; 95% CI, 1.3 to 11.6; P = .015). More BEV-CT than CT patients achieved ≥ 15% improvement in FOSI at week 8/9 (12.2% v 3.1%; difference, 9.0%; 95% CI, 2.9% to 15.2%; P = .003). Sensitivity analyses gave similar results and conclusions. Conclusion Bevacizumab increased the proportion of patients achieving a 15% improvement in patient-reported abdominal/GI symptoms during chemotherapy for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.