tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation.
Authors: R Roubenoff, R A Roubenoff, J G Cannon, J J Kehayias, H Zhuang, B Dawson-Hughes, C A Dinarello, I H Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha cause cachexia and hypermetabolism in animal models, but their role in human inflammation remains controversial. The relationship between in vitro cytokine production and metabolism was examined in 23 adults with RA and 23 healthy control subjects matched on age, sex, race, and weight. Body composition was measured by multicompartmental analysis of body cell mass, water, fat, and bone mass. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Cytokine production by PBMC was measured by radioimmunoassay. Usual energy intake, physical activity, disability scores, medication use, and other confounders were also measured. Body cell mass was 13% lower (P < 0.00001), REE was 12% higher (P < 0.008), and physical activity was much lower (P < 0.001) in subjects with RA. Production of TNF-alpha was higher in RA than controls, both before and after stimulation with endotoxin (P < 0.05), while production of IL-1 beta was higher with endotoxin stimulation (P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, cytokine production was directly associated with REE (P < 0.001) in patients but not in controls. While energy and protein intake were similar in the two groups and exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances, energy intake in subjects with RA was inversely associated with IL-1 beta production (P < 0.005). In this study we conclude that: loss of body cell mass is common in RA; cytokine production in RA is associated with altered energy metabolism and intake, despite a theoretically adequate diet; and TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta modulate energy metabolism and body composition in RA.
A Psychiatric Study of the Wives of Convicted Felons: An Example of Assortative Mating
Authors: SAMUEL B. GUZE, DONALD W. GOODWIN, J. BRUCE CRANE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors conducted a psychiatric study of the wives of convicted felons that reveals an example of assortative mating. The wives, like their husbands, come from grossly disturbed family backgrounds and show the same psychopathology seen among their husbands' first-degree female relatives.
Assessment of Aortic Valvular Stenosis from the Aortic Pressure Pulse
Authors: DJAVAD T. ARANI, RICHARD A. CARLETON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In a search for an indirect estimate of severity, data from 40 patients with pure aortic stenosis have been analyzed. Calculated aortic valvular areas ranged from 0.5 cm 2 to 2.4 cm. 2 Both aortic systolic upstroke time and the rate of aortic pressure rise were significantly altered by aortic stenosis; neither permitted reliable estimates of severity of the stenosis. An estimate of arterial compliance, stroke volume divided by pulse pressure, has been used in conjunction with the first derivative of rising aortic pressure to obtain an index of aortic stenosis. This index correlates well with calculated aortic valvular area (r = 0.912) and permits estimates of the severity of aortic stenosis when the left ventricle cannot be entered.
THE NATURE OF PROPHAGE IN LYSOGENIC BACILLUS MEGATHERIUM
Authors: Elizabeth M. Miller, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

1. By complement-fixation tests it has been shown that the lysogenic and sensitive strains of B. megatherium share one or more antigenic components which are serologically related but not identical. 2. Bacilli of the lysogenic strain of B. megatherium, when grown under conditions such that little extracellular phage is produced, fail to evoke antibodies in rabbits which react either in complement-fixation or neutralization tests with purified megatherium T phage. From this it must be concluded either that prophage is not antigenic or that any antibody which it might elicit does not react with the antigens of the mature virus. The observations reported in this communication accord with the hypothesis that prophage is a genetic structure.
Stretch-induced VEGF expression in the heart.
Authors: J Li, T Hampton, J P Morgan, M Simons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell mitogen involved in vascular development and angiogenesis. Recently we have observed increased VEGF expression in the normal myocardium after myocardial infarction in a rat heart. This study was designed to explore the mechanism responsible for this increase in VEGF expression. Induction of myocardial stretch in an isolated perfused Langendorff preparation by inflation of an intraventricular balloon to an end-diastolic load of 35 mmHg for 30 min resulted in a nearly sixfold increase in VEGF message level not only in the chamber subjected to stretch (left ventricle) but also in the unstretched right ventricle, thus raising the possibility of a soluble factor mediating stretch- induced induction of VEGF expression. This was further confirmed by demonstrating that coronary venous effluent collected from the stretched heart and used to perfuse isolated hearts in which no balloon was present was able to induce VEGF expression in these normal hearts. Inhibition of TGF-beta activity using a neutralizing antibody, but not antagonists/inhibitors of endothelin and angiotensin II, eliminated stretch-induced increase in VEGF expression. Staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, also blocked stretch-induced increase of VEGF expression. Measurement of TGF-beta concentration in the perfusate demonstrated increased amounts of the cytokine after myocardial stretch, and addition of TGF-beta protein to the perfusion buffer resulted in increased VEGF expression in control hearts. These results suggest that stretch-induced increase of VEGF expression in the heart is mediated at least in part by TGF-beta.
Albert Cook 1870-1951: Uganda pioneer.
Authors: W. R. Billington
Journal: BMJ (1970)

distribution, as some doctors at both extremes no doubt worked in venues other than hospitals.A similar relationship existed between record in undergraduate examinations and the number of outpatients for whom the young doctors were responsible (Table VIII).One would expect to find that with increasing seniority doctors would become responsible for the care of larger numbers of patients; however, the proportion of doctors responsible for a large number of inpatients and outpatients did not increase with seniority (Table IX).On average, junior doctors spent more hours each week at work with patients or in equivalent activity than their more senior colleagues (Table X); the difference was not statistically significant.On average, junior doctors devoted more time to study than their senior colleagues, and, as was noted in 1966, those who did well in examinations spent longer over continuing education than their colleagues who failed one or more times.
Comparative Accuracy and Complementary Use of 67Ga-Citrate Imaging and Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Abdominal Abscesses
Authors: ROBERT LISBONA, JOSEPH CASSOFF, ERNEST ANGTUACO, RICHARD SATIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Ultrasound and 67Ga-citrate imaging were used simultaneously for the evaluation of 26 suspected cases of abdominal abscess. Scintiscanning and ultrasonography identified respectively 92% and 69% of the abscesses. Jointly, both modalities detected all 13 abscesses and we suggest an integrated approach in the evaluation of such cases.
Associations Between Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Men
Authors: Michel M. Joosten, Jennifer K. Pai, Monica L. Bertoia, Eric B. Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Murray A. Mittleman, Kenneth J. Mukamal
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Previous studies have examined the associations of individual clinical risk factors with risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD), but the combined effects of these risk factors are largely unknown.To estimate the degree to which the 4 conventional cardiovascular risk factors of smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes are associated with the risk of PAD among men.Prospective study of 44,985 men in the United States without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline in 1986; participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed up for 25 years until January 2011. The presence of risk factors was updated biennially during follow-up.Clinically significant PAD defined as limb amputation or revascularization, angiogram reporting vascular obstruction of 50% or greater, ankle-brachial index of less than 0.90, or physician-diagnosed PAD.During a median follow-up of 24.2 years (interquartile range, 20.8-24.7 years), there were 537 cases of incident PAD. Each risk factor was significantly and independently associated with a higher risk of PAD after adjustment for the other 3 risk factors and confounders. The age-adjusted incidence rates were 9 (95% CI, 6-14) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 19 incident cases) for 0 risk factors, 23 (95% CI, 18-28) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 99 incident cases) for 1 risk factor, 47 (95% CI, 39-56) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 176 incident cases) for 2 risk factors, 92 (95% CI, 76-111) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 180 incident cases) for 3 risk factors, and 186 (95% CI, 141-246) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 63 incident cases) for 4 risk factors. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for each additional risk factor was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.88-2.26). Men without any of the 4 risk factors had a hazard ratio of PAD of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.14-0.36) compared with all other men in the cohort. In 96% of PAD cases (95% CI, 94%-98%), at least 1 of the 4 risk factors was present at the time of PAD diagnosis. The population-attributable risk associated with these 4 risk factors was 75% (95% CI, 64%-87%). The absolute incidence of PAD among men with all 4 risk factors was 3.5/1000 person-years.Among men in this cohort, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes account for the majority of risk associated with development of clinically significant PAD.
[724] ALTERED HEPATIC MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND BIOGENESIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH ART-RELATED LIPODYSTROPHY AND NAFLD: EXPRESSION OF PGC1-ALPHA, COX2 AND COX4
Authors: M. Lemoine, M. Kim, P.M. Girard, V. Barbu, J.P. Bastard, D. Wendum, F. Paye, R. Poupon, C. Housset, J. Capeau, L. Serfaty
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
MALT lymphoma and extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are targeted by aberrant somatic hypermutation
Authors: Alexander J. A. Deutsch, Ariane Aigelsreiter, Philipp B. Staber, Alfred Beham, Werner Linkesch, Christian Guelly, Ruth I. Brezinschek, Margareta Fruhwirth, Werner Emberger, Maike Buettner, Christine Beham-Schmid, Peter Neumeister
Journal: Blood (2006)
The Savings Illusion — Why Clinical Quality Improvement Fails to Deliver Bottom-Line Results
Authors: Stephen S. Rauh, Eric B. Wadsworth, William B. Weeks, James N. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Many people believe that improving clinical quality — reducing readmissions, shortening lengths of stay, and building efficiency into clinical processes — will reduce health care costs. So why haven't years of work in quality improvement had a measurable effect on costs?
THE INFLUENCE OF GERMAN UNIVERSITIES UPON OUR PROFESSION.Read before the American Academy of Medicine, at its Fourteenth Annual Meeting at Philadelphia, December 4, 1890.
Authors: HENRY E. DWIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1891)

From the minutes of the Council, I extract the following authority for the selection of my subject, and its presentation at this meeting of the Academy: In accordance with the leading objects of our organization, the education of the physician, both preliminary and technical, the relations of the profession in this country to that of other countries, and the elevation of the literary, scientific and social standing of the Profession, are especially appropriate subjects. In view of the fact that the constitution was altered at the last annual meeting so as "to ad mit, in addition to those possessing the degrees of A.B. and A.M., those who can present evidences of preparatory liberal education equivalent to the same"—the subject proposed in the following paper is of vital importance at this meeting of the Academy. INFLUENCE OF GERMAN UNIVERSITIES UPON THE MEDICAI, PROFESSION. i. What is a University? It is one
Mechanism of action of ketanserin in hypertension
Authors: P.M. Vanhoutte, S.G. Ball, A. Berdeaux, M.L. Cohen, T. Hedner, R. McCall, A.G. Ramage, I.H. Reimann, C. Richer, P.R. Saxena, M.A.D.H. Schalekamp, H.A.J. Struyker-Boudier, J. Symoens, J.M. Van Nueten, P.A. Van Zwieten
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1986)
Indian government proposes quadrupling healthcare spending to 2.5% of GDP in five years
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The Indian government has proposed increasing its spending on healthcare from 1.04% of gross domestic product (GDP) to 2.5% over the next five years, although it said that it may take longer to achieve this target.

The target is set out in the draft National Health Policy 2015 , on which the ministry of health and family welfare is seeking comments and suggestions.1 The draft policy said, “Despite years of strong …
Dreaming is not an adaptation
Authors: Owen Flanagan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The five papers in this issue all deal with the proper evolutionary function of sleep and dreams, these being different. To establish that some trait of character is an adaptation in the strict biological sense requires a story about the fitness enhancing function it served when it evolved and possibly a story of how the maintenance of this function is fitness enhancing now. My aim is to evaluate the proposals put forward in these papers. My conclusion is that although sleep is almost certainly an adaptation, dreaming is not. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; revonsuo; Solms; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Psychological medicine. Psychotropic drugs in general practice.
Authors: J G Howie
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Earlier articles in this series have examined the indications for prescribing in a wide range of diseases and for defined prob lems in the hospital setting and in general practice. They have highlighted the side effects of most relevance to the patient and to try to repeat or even summarize this information would be regarded as unnecessary. My intention is to focus on three selected topics, each of which has a broader relevance to pre scribing in general practice than might appear on the surface. These are: the variation in use of different hypnotic prepara tions by general practitioners; the range of the individual doc tor's pharmacopoeia; and the hidden risks of prescribing psy chotropic drugs. But before discussing these topics a brief consideration of some of the implications of the widely different published estimates of the incidence of psychological illness in patients consulting general practitioners is necessary. Psycho logical illness is usually reported as the cause of approximately 5% of consultations in general practice. This figure is, how ever, an average of many widely divergent figures. Shepherd et al. have shown that individual doctors may attribute up to half of their consultations to psychological illness.l Some of this difference is due to prevalent psychosocial factors or as pects of the doctor's personality as seen by his patients, but a large variation remains which appears to reflect different doctors' perceptions of whether the nature of the illnesses is principally physical or psychological. The issues discussed in this article are not the doctor's ability to recognize the non-physical elements of illness but
Abstract 2389: PTEN localizes to the nucleus and interacts with Rad52 in response to DNA damage
Authors: Byeong Hyeok Choi, Wei Dai
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract PTEN is a tumor suppressor with a dual phosphatase activity. Mutations of PTEN gene has been associated with many sporadic cancers and heritable neoplastic syndromes. PTEN also exhibits nuclear localization. However, the exact function of nuclear PTEN remains unclear. Here we show that PTEN exhibits a time-dependent nuclear translocation after DNA damage, co-localizing with DNA damage foci on chromatin, and that the nuclear translocation of PTEN is closely associated with its phosphorylation on S366/T370. Deletional analysis reveals that C2 domain of PTEN is responsible for its nuclear translocation after exposure to genotoxin. Both casein kinase 2 and GSK3β are involved in the phosphorylation of S366/T370, as well as PTEN's association with chromatin during DNA damage response. Significantly, PTEN specifically interacts with Rad52 and positively regulates its sumoylation. Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that PTEN may mediate DNA damage repair through interacting with and regulating Rad52 in the nucleus. Citation Format: Byeong Hyeok Choi, Wei Dai. PTEN localizes to the nucleus and interacts with Rad52 in response to DNA damage. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2389. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2389
Thomas Bonham and the Common Law
Authors: Daniel M. Musher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

MOST students of the law — but apparently not many students of medicine — know of the case of Dr. Bonham. Yet this famous case of the early seventeenth century, in which one Dr. Thomas Bonham, of London,† brought suit in the English Court of Common Pleas against the Royal College of Physicians, has perhaps as much relevance today for the practitioner of medicine as for the practitioner of the law. The modern physician, who ponders his role in society, and is especially concerned with his relation to professional groups that purport to represent him, may well turn to a . . .
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Two-Year Clinical Outcomes With Drug-Eluting Stents for Diabetic Patients With De Novo Coronary Lesions: Results From a Real-World Multicenter Registry”
Authors: Paolo Ortolani, Francesco Saia, Robin M.T. Cooke, Antonio Marzocchi, Marco Balducelli, Aleardo Maresta, Paolo Marzaroli, Paolo Guastaroba, Roberto Grilli, Giancarlo Piovaccari, Alberto Menozzi, Vincenzo Guiducci, Pietro Sangiorgio, Fabio Tarantino, Giuseppe Geraci, Fausto Castriota, Stefano Tondi
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Abstract 3397: Validation of targets involved in supporting the stem cell niche in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Gagori Bandopadhyay, Cerys M. Mayne, Nick Lees, Nektaria Papadopoulou, Teresa C. Coughlan, Beth Coyle, Susan A. Watson, Anna M. Grabowska
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a cytologically malignant tumour of the central nervous system, associated with poor prognosis and fatal outcome (5 year survival, &amp;lt;6%). GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs), which can be identified using the immunocytochemical marker CD133, are associated with poor prognosis. The gastrin receptor, CCK2R, is also expressed in glioblastoma cell-lines and promotes cancer progression. In this study we investigated the functional role of these two molecules in GBM to elucidate any potential therapeutic benefits. Materials and methods: A panel of glioblastoma cells was grown either as monolayers, or, to provide a 3D in vitro tumour model, as neurospheres, which enrich for the cancer stem cell phenotype. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to quantify CD133 and CCK-2R gene expression over time in these cultures, and flow cytometry (FACS) to investigate expression at the protein level. CD133 and CCK-2R promoter reporters were constructed in pGL4 and promoter activity quantified using luciferase assays. Gene knockdown or specific inhibitors were used to investigate the role of these genes in glioblastoma cell tumorigenicity in vitro (using MTT, wound-healing, and neurosphere formation) and in an in vivo xenograft model. Results: CD133 and CCK-2R gene and protein expression were higher in the more tumorigenic glioblastoma cell-line, U251, compared with the less tumorigenic line, U373. For both markers, higher gene expression correlated with higher promoter activity and FACS demonstrated the presence of a small population of positively-stained cells. Expression of both genes was upregulated during neurosphere formation, which was accelerated in hypoxia. Knockdown of CD133 and CCK-2R inhibition in cell line U251 reduced neurosphere-forming potential (p&amp;lt;0.05). Knockdown of CD133 also significantly reduced migration (p&amp;lt;0.001) and increased susceptibility to the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions: CD133 and CCK-2R expression correlate with tumorigenic potential of GBM cells and are upregulated during neurosphere formation, which enriches for cancer stem cells. CD133 knockdown and CCK-2R inhibition reduced neurosphere formation. In addition, CD133 knockdown reduced GBM invasive capacity, and increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, use of CD133 and CCK-2R-targeted therapies, in combination with established standard of care may improve GBM patient outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3397. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3397
Association of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria with Erythroleukemia
Authors: Ralph Carmel, Charles A. Coltman, Ronald F. Yatteau, John J. Costanzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

PAROXYSMAL nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)1 and erythroleukemia2 are both characterized by acquired abnormalities of red blood cells and also feature involvement of other hematopoietic cell lines. With recent reports of PNH terminating in myelogenous leukemia,3 4 5 Dameshek6 hypothesized that PNH may fit into the category of myeloproliferative diseases and, indeed, be a variant of erythroleukemia.This report describes the concomitant occurrence of PNH and erythroleukemia. Such an association is a logical link in the progression of PNH to acute leukemia.Case ReportL.G., a 32-year-old man, was transferred to Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center in July, 1969, with the diagnosis of PNH. . . .
Gastrojejunocolic Fistula
Authors: Henry H. Faxon, William G. Schoch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

GASTROJEJUNOCOLIC fistula following gastrojejunostomy has long been considered one of the most serious complications of gastric surgery. Historically, the initial reports on the evolution and correction of the condition include the description by Wolfer of the first gastroenterostomy in 1881, the recognition by Braun of a gastrojejunal ulcer eight years later, the finding by Czerney1 of a fistula into the colon at the site of a previous gastroenterostomy in 1903, and the surgical intervention for the correction of the condition by de Herezel2 in 1905.The surgical problem is solved by removal of the fistula, restoration of bowel continuity and . . .
Sequential paclitaxel followed by tegafur and uracil (UFT) or S-1 versus UFT or S-1 monotherapy as adjuvant chemotherapy for T4a/b gastric cancer (SAMIT): a phase 3 factorial randomised controlled trial
Authors: Akira Tsuburaya, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Michiya Kobayashi, Shigefumi Yoshino, Masazumi Takahashi, Nobuhiro Takiguchi, Kazuaki Tanabe, Naoto Takahashi, Hiroshi Imamura, Naokuni Tatsumoto, Akinori Hara, Kazuhiro Nishikawa, Ryoji Fukushima, Isao Nozaki, Hiroshi Kojima, Yumi Miyashita, Koji Oba, Marc Buyse, Satoshi Morita, Junichi Sakamoto
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)