tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte growth factor is the most potent endogenous stimulant of rabbit gastric epithelial cell proliferation and migration in primary culture.
Authors: M Takahashi, S Ota, T Shimada, E Hamada, T Kawabe, T Okudaira, M Matsumura, N Kaneko, A Terano, T Nakamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Various growth factors are suggested to be involved in gastric mucosal repair. Our previous studies have shown that exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has a proliferative effect on gastric epithelial cells. In the present study, comparison of the maximum proliferative effects and the optimum concentrations of several growth factors revealed that HGF was the most potent mitogen for gastric epithelial cells, as is the case for hepatocytes. Restitution of gastric epithelial cell monolayers was assessed using a round wound restitution model. HGF was the most effective agent for facilitating gastric epithelial restitution among those tested. A binding assay revealed specific binding of HGF to its receptor on gastric epithelial cells. Northern blot analysis confirmed the expression of specific HGF receptor mRNA (c-met) by gastric epithelial cells but not by gastric fibroblasts. To investigate endogenous HGF production, we determined the effect of gastric fibroblast-conditioned medium on epithelial proliferation and restitution. The conditioned medium produced similar effects to HGF and its activity was neutralized by an anti-HGF antibody. In addition, expression of HGF mRNA was detected in gastric fibroblasts but not in gastric epithelial cells. Our immunohistochemical study confirmed these in vitro data by means of demonstrating the existence and localization of HGF at human native gastric mucosa. HGF was localized at fibroblasts under the epithelial cell layer around gastric ulcers. These results suggest that HGF may be a potent endogenous promotor of gastric epithelial cell proliferation and migration, and may contribute to gastric mucosal repair through a paracrine mechanism.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON TREATMENT IN THE TERMINAL PHASES OF HOSPITALIZATION
Authors: HELEN R. GILMORE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

In this report we have discussed a part-time hospitalization program in a small private mental hospital. Administratively, the Day or Night Plan, used by a small and selected number of psychotic and neurotic patients, did not pose any special problem. The plan afforded a significant reduction in the cost of hospitalization. It augmented, in a constructive manner, the services of the occupational therapy department and in many instances functioned as a program for vocational rehabilitation. The plan proved effective in reducing the isolation from community activities and interests for patients on this program as well as for those more permanently confined. In time, patients considered being on this plan a privilege, a token of improvement, and a terminal phase in hospitalization. We believe that this program has offered patients an essentially salutary experience. We soon recognized that even so simple a manipulation of the patient's time brought forth complicated responses that carried strong dynamic implications. In each instance, the therapist and patient had to work through problems that involved anxieties and conflicts over the anticipated discharge from a completely protective environment, ambivalent feelings about termination or change in the doctor-patient relationship, conscious and unconscious motivations for work, and scrutiny of behavior in new situations and new interpersonal relationships. In many instances, the patients did their most constructive therapeutic work while on the Day Plan. The multiple factors involved demand careful evaluation and judgment in selecting patients suitable for this program. In our series of 19 patients, the problems and situations that obtained for selecting patients were essentially as follows: (1) Problems of continuation of therapy at a time of conflict between complete dependence on the hospital and impulsive negation for any further need of treatment (5 patients). (2) Problems of accepting patient's seemingly rational demands and conscious desire for work (3 patients). (3) The needs for partial and time-limited rehabilitation by employment during early phases of recovery from acute psychotic episodes (3 patients). (4) Short-time evaluation of patient's tolerance to stress in a nonhospital situation prior to discharge (5 patients). (5) Gradual adaptation of chronic, psychotic patients to home environments (3 patients). The series of 19 patients on the Day or Night Plan is too small and too varied to allow us to draw specific conclusions of a statistical nature. The report uses illustrations with case histories and comments on the more common problems observed, with particular elaboration on the significance of the plan as a terminal phase of hospital treatment.
Docetaxel in Combination with Either Cisplatin or Gemcitabine in Unresectable Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase II Study by the Japan Lung Cancer Cooperative Clinical Study Group
Authors: Nobuyuki Katakami, Yuichi Takiguchi, Kozo Yoshimori, Hiroshi Isobe, Akihiro Bessho, Akinobu Yoshimura, Hisanobu Niitani
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Medical Care and Family Security: Norway, England, USA
Authors: Edwin J. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Three physicians have presented their personal evaluation of the compulsory systems of medical care in Norway and Great Britain and the voluntary system in the US. Each one makes it clear that to him the compulsory system is socially desirable. However, none presents adequate evidence to support his position and each relies heavily on generalities. The discussions of the Norwegian and British systems are superficial. Statements like "the general practitioners of Britain have never earned a very high income" and "the new awareness of social and cultural factors is influencing medicine profoundly" are not enlightening to those who may wish to learn more about the systems for financing medical care used in foreign countries. The material on the US is argumentative, as, when the author asks if the thoughtful doctor "is not jarred by the archaic ring of the battle cries of those opposed to bringing American medicine into the
Pathophysiology of hemolysis in infections with Hemophilus influenzae type b.
Authors: S B Shurin, P Anderson, J Zollinger, R K Rathbun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae type b, polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP), is released from growing organisms during human infection and can be found in body fluids. It binds to untreated erythrocytes. Many patients with invasive infections with this organism develop significant hemolysis, but the mechanism has been unclear. We have found that PRP binds to human erythrocytes in vivo. PRP-coated erythrocytes have a shortened circulation time in mice, but do not lyse spontaneously or fix complement. PRP-coated erythrocytes exposed to antiserum to H. influenzae type b are undamaged in the absence of complement, but are rapidly and effectively lysed in the presence of an intact complement system both in vitro and in vivo in mice. PRP-coated red cells are taken up by liver and spleen. Antiserum to PRP increases hepatic uptake of PRP-coated red cells more than splenic, and appears to induce intravascular, complement-mediated hemolysis, as well as extravascular hemolysis. Patients with invasive infection develop hemolysis when circulating PRP and antibody to PRP are present simultaneously. PRP can sometimes be detected on patient erythrocytes when free PRP is present in serum, but this is an inconsistent finding. The hemolytic anemia that occurs during human infection with H. influenzae type b may be due to absorption of PRP to red cells and immune destruction of sensitized erythrocytes. The process requires an intact complement system; both complement-mediated cell lysis and extravascular hemolysis contribute to red cell destruction.
Inducing the tryptophan catabolic pathway, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), for suppression of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) lethality
Authors: Lisa K. Jasperson, Christoph Bucher, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Andrew L. Mellor, David H. Munn, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2009)
The influence of a residual group in low‐molecular‐weight allergoids of <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> pollen on their allergenicity, IgE‐ and IgG‐binding properties
Authors: T. Ćirković, M. Gavrović‐Jankulović, S. Prišić, R. M. Jankov, L. Burazer, O. Vučković, Z. Šporčić, S. Paranos
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Reaction of ε‐amino groups of lysine with potassium cyanate, maleic, or succinic anhydride leads to allergoids of low molecular weight. No study has been performed to compare their properties and investigate the influence of a residual group on allergenicity and human IgE‐ and IgG‐binding of these derivatives. Methods: Allergoids of a pollen extract of Artemisia vulgaris were obtained by means of potassium cyanate, and succinic and maleic anhydride. Biochemical properties were investigated by determination of amino groups, enzyme activity, isoelectric focusing IEF and SDS–PAGE. IgE‐ and IgG‐binding was determined using immunoblots and ELISA inhibition. Allergenicity was investigated by skin prick tests (SPT) on a group of 52 patients, of which 6 were control subjects, 30 were patients with no previous immunotherapy (IT), and 16 were patients undergoing immunotherapy. Results: The same degree of amino‐group modification (more than 85%), residual enzyme activity (less then 15%), IEF, and SDS–PAGE pattern were noted. In the immunoblots of IgE‐binding, there was more pronounced reduction in the succinyl and maleyl derivatives than in the carbamyl one. IgG‐binding was less affected by carbamylation than by acid anhydride modification. The SPT showed that the succinylated derivative had the most reduced allergenicity (98% showed a reduced wheal diameter when tested with the succinyl derivative, 87% with the maleyl allergoid, and 83% with the carbamyl allergoid). The most significant difference among allergoids could be seen in the group of patients with high skin reactivity (83% of patients showed no reaction to the succinyl derivative when compared to the value of 28% for the carbamyl derivative or 22% for the maleyl derivative). Conclusions: According to our results, all three modification procedures yielded allergoids with a similar extent of modification. No single biochemical parameter investigated in the study could predict the degree of reduced allergenicity in vivo . The most reduced allergenicity was seen in the succinyl derivative while the preservation of IgG binding epitopes was of the highest degree for the carbamyl derivative.
Acute psychiatric day hospitals
Authors: M. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Are not in fashion, but evidence shows that they provide feasible and effective care 

Acute day hospitals are among the earliest forms of psychiatric community care, but they are definitely not in fashion. In the NHS Plan they are not targeted for investment,1 whereas in the United States, under managed care, they have been in steady decline since the 1980s.2 Yet acute day hospitals did not fall from favour because they were ineffective, and emerging social trends may yet restore them to favour.

Day hospitals were invented in Russia in the 1930s, spread to America and Europe in the 1940s and 1950s, and reached their peak in the 1970s, when they provided the main alternative to hospital admission.3 Paradoxically, the success of acute day hospitals as an alternative to inpatient care was a major factor in their decline, since it begged the question of whether hospital care was necessary at all. In the 1980s new radical approaches to community care, such as assertive community …
Possible Association of Guillain-Barré Syndrome With Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Kenneth V. Eden
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Guillain-Barré syndrome, a symmetrical, mixed sensory and motor polyneuropathy, has been linked to a variety of antecedent viral infections as well as certain vaccines.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 55-year-old man was seen with pain, tenderness, erythema, and a palpable cord in the right forearm. Administration of indomethacin was started, 25 mg four times per day, and local heat was used. Four days later he awoke with pain in the right axilla. Physical examination showed extension of the erythema, tenderness, and a palpable cord in the upper part of the right arm and into the axilla. He was hospitalized and, on June 4, 1981, began therapy with intravenous streptokinase by constant infusion for 72 hours. There was dramatic improvement in the tenderness and complete disappearance of the palpable clot in the upper part of the arm. Intravenous heparin sodium was given for four days. He was
Occupational Dermatoses (Ergodermatoses)
Authors: John G. Downing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

TWENTY minutes is rather a brief period in which to discuss the large field of industrial dermatoses, but a few thoughts resulting from twenty-five years' experience may be of interest. During that time many thousands of workers with cutaneous disturbances have been examined; key industrial plants have been inspected, and lectures have been given to workers, foremen and insurers. Most of the cases considered industrial have been treated; therefore, considerable experience has been gained by trial and error. No set rules have ever been established for the treatment of such dermatoses. The industrial patient must be treated until he is . . .
Clinicoepidemiological study of drug resistance in Indian kala - azar
Authors: S Sundar, B B Thakur, A K Tandon, N R Agrawal, C P Mishra, T M Mahaptra, V P Singh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Large scale therapeutic failure of antimony has been the outstanding feature of the current epidemic of Indian kala - azar. Because of the ineffectiveness of a regimen of sodium stibogluconate 10 mg/kg body weight for 6-10 days the World Health Organisation recommended a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight for 20 days in new cases and for 40 days in relapses.1 Initial successes achieved with these regimens, however, have not been sustained.2,3 Against this background we examined the clinicoepidemiological factors contributing to the unresponsiveness of Indian kala-azar to the drug.

We studied 312 patients with Indian kala-azar (proved parasitologically) who had received one or more courses of antimony but had failed to recover. The mean weight of these patients was 38.8 (SD 13.3) kg; 169 patients weighed more than …
Receptionist input to quality and safety in repeat prescribing in UK general practice: ethnographic case study
Authors: D. Swinglehurst, T. Greenhalgh, J. Russell, M. Myall
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To describe, explore, and compare organisational routines for repeat prescribing in general practice to identify contributors and barriers to safety and quality. <b>Design</b> Ethnographic case study. <b>Setting</b> Four urban UK general practices with diverse organisational characteristics using electronic patient records that supported semi-automation of repeat prescribing. <b>Participants</b> 395 hours of ethnographic observation of staff (25 doctors, 16 nurses, 4 healthcare assistants, 6 managers, and 56 reception or administrative staff), and 28 documents and other artefacts relating to repeat prescribing locally and nationally. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Potential threats to patient safety and characteristics of good practice. <b>Methods</b> Observation of how doctors, receptionists, and other administrative staff contributed to, and collaborated on, the repeat prescribing routine. Analysis included mapping prescribing routines, building a rich description of organisational practices, and drawing these together through narrative synthesis. This was informed by a sociological model of how organisational routines shape and are shaped by information and communications technologies. <b>Results </b>Repeat prescribing was a complex, technology-supported social practice requiring collaboration between clinical and administrative staff, with important implications for patient safety. More than half of requests for repeat prescriptions were classed as "exceptions" by receptionists (most commonly because the drug, dose, or timing differed from what was on the electronic repeat list). They managed these exceptions by making situated judgments that enabled them (sometimes but not always) to bridge the gap between the idealised assumptions about tasks, roles, and interactions that were built into the electronic patient record and formal protocols, and the actual repeat prescribing routine as it played out in practice. This work was creative and demanded both explicit and tacit knowledge. Clinicians were often unaware of this input and it did not feature in policy documents or previous research. Yet it was sometimes critical to getting the job done and contributed in subtle ways to safeguarding patients. <b>Conclusion </b>Receptionists and administrative staff make important "hidden" contributions to quality and safety in repeat prescribing in general practice, regarding themselves accountable to patients for these contributions. Studying technology-supported work routines that seem mundane, standardised, and automated, but which in reality require a high degree of local tailoring and judgment from frontline staff, opens up a new agenda for the study of patient safety.
Poison Arrows: The Amazing Story of how Prozac and Anaesthetics were Developed from Deadly Jungle Poison Darts
Authors: Leyla Sanai
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Your money where your mouse isThe Terri Schiavo case shows how the internet is becoming a battleground over ethical issues T here was a revolution in Central Asia, an upheaval in Lebanon, deadly shootings at a high school in Minnesota, and a disastrous explosion at a Texas oil refinery.But day after day the lead story in the august New York Times and the distinguished Washington Post was about one 41 year old woman in Florida who had been in a persistent vegetative state for 15 years-Terri Schiavo.Should US president George W Bush, a born again Christian who advocates "a culture of life," decide that she should live, or die after removal of a percutaneous gastrostomy tube providing water and nutrition?Or should Congress, the federal courts, the president's devout Catholic brother, Jeb Bush (who is governor of Florida), the Florida state courts, the Florida state legislature, her parents, or her husband make the decision?After Terri Schiavo went into a persistent vegetative state, her husband, Michael, was appointed her guardian in accordance with Florida state law.He eventually asked that her feeding tube be removed and she be allowed to die.Terri had left no "living will" or "health care proxy" (a designated person
A 64 year old woman with knee pain: case presentation
Authors: Peter Tugwell, Annette M O'Connor, Nancy A Santesso
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The role of surgery in mixed superficial and deep venous incompetence is less clear.In unselected patients with combined superficial and deep incompetence, superficial surgery without postoperative compression failed to improve venous hypertension or achieve ulcer healing. 25However, where the deep incompetence was limited or "segmental" improvements in healing were achieved. 26Ambulatory venous pressures may help to identify patients who would benefit from surgery.Virtually no research has been done on prophylactic surgery to prevent ulceration in at risk patients with superficial venous incompetence. Future researchResearch is currently focused on the role of superficial venous surgery and the use of cultured skin allografts.The level of compression needed to optimise healing should be explored.On a microvascular level, the wound healing process is thought to be directed by a variety of cell derived soluble factors, including cytokines (growth, regulatory, and chemotactic factors) and proteolytic enzymes (proteases); these will inevitably become future targets for specific treatments. 16Ultimately, our focus should move from treating active ulcers to the prevention of ulceration by identifying at risk populations.Prevention would undoubtedly be cheaper than cure and would also improve quality of life for patients with chronic venous hypertension at risk of ulceration.
Milburn proposes to decentralise the NHS
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The number of health authorities in England will be cut from 99 to 30 as part of a radical reorganisation of the NHS.

Launching the NHS Modernisation Agency, the health secretary, Alan Milburn, said that the new plans would give more power to frontline staff and release £100m ($140m) for patient care.

By 2004, two thirds of the 99 health authorities will have merged, with many of their responsibilities devolved to primary care trusts. The 30 remaining “strategic health authorities” will monitor the performance of local health services and provide a link with the Department of Health. Each …
Phentolamine-Resistant Pheochromocytoma Treated with Sodium Nitroprusside
Authors: David S. Nourok, Grant Gwinup, George J. Hamwi
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Pheochromocytoma was suspected in the case of a 16-yr-old girl with a history of severe headache for about a year and systolic blood pressures exceeding 240 mm Hg. She was treated with phentolamine by mouth to lower her blood pressure and expand her blood volume, but after 5 days there was no further response to either oral or intravenous administration. During operation her blood pressure was successfully controlled by an intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside. A pheochromocytoma weighing 29 gm was removed. By the sixth postoperative day the systolic pressure had been reduced to 124 mm Hg, papilledema had subsided, and the patient was able to leave the hospital.
SYPHILIS IN PRACTICE
Authors: H. MacCormac
Journal: BMJ (1934)

THE SKIN, MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL is syphilis uncommon in general practice?I have often asked this question, and have as often been assured that syphilis only accounts for a very small part of the practitioner's miscellaneous occupation.This does not seem to agree with hospital experience, or at least with the experience gained in a venereal clinic.Thus in 1,000 consecutive cases taken from the department for syphilis at the Middlesex Hospital I find the distribution of the disease as follows: Primary ... ... 133 Syphilis of the eye ... 55 Secondary ... ... 172 Syphilis of the throat 112 Neurosyphilis ... ...
Immunoscintigraphy using technetium-99m-labeled anti-NCA-95 antigranulocyte antibodies as an adjunct to echocardiography in subacute infective endocarditis
Authors: Andreas J. Morguet, Dieter L. Munz, Velimir Ivančević, Gerald S. Werner, Dirk Sandrock, Meike Bökemeier, Heinrich Kreuzer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Effective transgene expression without toxicity by intraperitoneal administration of PEG-detachable polyplex micelles in mice with peritoneal dissemination
Authors: Michiaki Kumagai, Shinya Shimoda, Rie Wakabayashi, Yumi Kunisawa, Takehiko Ishii, Kensuke Osada, Keiji Itaka, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kazunori Kataoka, Kenji Nakano
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Prevalence and role of serum IgE antibodies to the StaphylococcuS aureus–derived superantigens SEA and SEB in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Rita Bunikowski, Martin Mielke, Horst Skarabis, Udo Herz, Renate L. Bergmann, Ulrich Wahn, Harald Renz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)