tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of immediate-type reaction to the epitope of beta-lactam antibiotics by the quick patch test
Authors: M. Oi, T. Satoh, H. Yokozeki, K. Nishioka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, The determination of the chemical structures responsible for drug hypersensitivity and resultant anaphylaxis is crucial. Furthermore, the use of a safe method to identify epitopes rapidly, and to screen drugs for contraindication, is preferred. We attempted to use a quick patch‐testing method, and found that in a patient with a history of anaphylaxis, this technique was able to detect the drugs responsible. A 25‐year‐old woman was admitted to our department to determine the drugs responsible for her hypersensitivity. She first experienced anaphylaxis caused by antibiotics at the age of 19 years. At age 24 years, she delivered her second child and was given amoxicillin (AMPC), bromelain, methylergometrine maleate, mefenamic acid and cetraxate hydrochloride. Immediately after taking the medication, she developed generalized urticaria accompanied by mild dyspnoea. She experienced similar anaphylactic reactions when she opened packages of powdered drugs containing cefroxadine (CXD), lysozyme chloride and cyproheptadine hydrochloride prescribed to her child.
Gym and tonic: a profile of 100 male steroid users.
Authors: N A Evans
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

To identify unsupervised anabolic steroid regimens used by athletes.100 athletes attending four gymnasia were surveyed using an anonymous self administered questionnaire.Anabolic steroid doses ranged from 250 to 3200 mg per week and users combined different drugs to achieve these doses. Injectable and oral preparations were used in cycles lasting four to 12 weeks. Eighty six per cent of users admitted to the regular use of drugs other than steroids for various reasons, including additional anabolic effects, the minimisation of steroid related side effects, and withdrawal symptoms. Acne, striae, and gynaecomastia were the most commonly reported subjective side effects.Multiple steroids are combined in megadoses and self administered in a cyclical fashion. Polypharmacy is practised by over 80% of steroid users. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy along with acne, striae, and gynaecomastia are frequent physical signs associated with steroid use.
A flow cytometric study about the immunopathology of vernal keratoconjunctivitis☆☆☆★
Authors: Avni Murat Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat Avunduk, Volkan Dayanır, Yavuz Tekelioğlu, Yavuz Selim Dayıoğlu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
What ape language research means for representations
Authors: Edward Kako
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Shanker &amp; King (S&amp;K) rightly stress that recent ape language research has important implications for language development and origins. But the evidence does not warrant their conclusion that we can dispense with representations. Indeed, their own discussion of the nature of communication highlights the central role that representations must play in our models of communicative competence, in and out of language.
Diagnosis of emphysema in patients with chronic bronchitis: a new approach
Authors: M Kohlhaufl, P Brand, T Selzer, G Scheuch, T Meyer, N Weber, H Schulz, K Haussinger, J Heyder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Aerosol-derived airway morphometry (ADAM) and aerosol bolus dispersion (D) are altered in patients or animal models with lung emphysema. This study was performed to examine the sensitivity and specificity of ADAM and D in the detection of emphysema in vivo compared with conventional lung function parameters. The study comprised patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) without emphysema (group COB; n=19, age 56+/-8 yrs, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/vital capacity (VC) 66+/-12% predicted) and patients with chronic bronchitis with high-resolution computed tomography-confirmed emphysema (group COB-E; n=20), age 65+/-7 yrs, FEV1/VC 44+/-16% pred). Using monodisperse aerosol particles ADAM assessed the calibres of peripheral airspaces, while D measured convective gas mixing. Among all lung function parameters, ADAM and D showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for separating patients with COB from those with COB-E (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (pROC) 0.99 and 1.0, respectively). In patients with COB aerosol parameters did not differ from those found in the control group, whereas patients with COB-E exhibited a two-fold increase in peripheral airspace dimensions compared with subjects with COB (0.86+/-0.07 versus 0.37+/-0.02 mm, p=0.0001) and an increase in D by &gt;50% (541+/-74 versus 345+/-42 cm3, p=0.0001). In conclusion, aerosol-derived airway morphometry and aerosol bolus dispersion are powerful tools in the differential diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The proportion of tumor-stroma as a strong prognosticator for stage II and III colon cancer patients: validation in the VICTOR trial
Authors: A. Huijbers, R.A.E.M. Tollenaar, G.W. v Pelt, E.C.M. Zeestraten, S. Dutton, C.C. McConkey, E. Domingo, V.T.H.B.M. Smit, R. Midgley, B.F. Warren, E.C. Johnstone, D.J. Kerr, W.E. Mesker
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Serotonin and Vascular Responses
Authors: N K Hollenberg
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1988)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
Haplotype Analysis of the<i>HSD17B1</i>Gene and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Approach to Multicenter Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Heather Spencer Feigelson, David G. Cox, Howard M. Cann, Sholom Wacholder, Rudolf Kaaks, Brian E. Henderson, Demetrius Albanes, David Altshuler, Goran Berglund, Franco Berrino, Sheila Bingham, Julie E. Buring, Noel P. Burtt, Eugenia E. Calle, Stephen J. Chanock, Francoise Clavel-Chapelon, Graham Colditz, W. Ryan Diver, Matthew L. Freedman, Christopher A. Haiman, Susan E. Hankinson, Richard B. Hayes, Joel N. Hirschhorn, David Hunter, Laurence N. Kolonel, Peter Kraft, Loic LeMarchand, Jakob Linseisen, William Modi, Carmen Navarro, Petra H. Peeters, Malcolm C. Pike, Elio Riboli, V. Wendy Setiawan, Daniel O. Stram, Gilles Thomas, Michael J. Thun, Anne Tjonneland, Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 gene (HSD17B1) encodes 17HSD1, which catalyzes the final step of estradiol biosynthesis. Despite the important role of HSD17B1 in hormone metabolism, few epidemiologic studies of HSD17B1 and breast cancer have been conducted. This study includes 5,370 breast cancer cases and 7,480 matched controls from five large cohorts in the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. We characterized variation in HSD17B1 by resequencing and dense genotyping a multiethnic sample and identified haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) that capture common variation within a 33.3-kb region around HSD17B1. Four htSNPs, including the previously studied SNP rs605059 (S312G), were genotyped to tag five common haplotypes in all cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for disease. We found no evidence of association between common HSD17B1 haplotypes or htSNPs and overall risk of breast cancer. The OR for each haplotype relative to the most common haplotype ranged from 0.98 to 1.07 (omnibus test for association: X2 = 3.77, P = 0.58, 5 degrees of freedom). When cases were subdivided by estrogen receptor (ER) status, two common haplotypes were associated with ER-negative tumors (test for trend, Ps = 0.0009 and 0.0076; n = 353 cases). HSD17B1 variants that are common in Caucasians are not associated with overall risk of breast cancer; however, there was an association among the subset of ER-negative tumors. Although the probability that these ER-negative findings are false-positive results is high, these findings were consistent across each cohort examined and warrant further study. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2468-75)
A Waterborne Outbreak in Missouri of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Associated with Bloody Diarrhea and Death
Authors: David L. Swerdlow, Bradley A. Woodruff, Robert C. Brady, Patricia M. Griffin, Sue Tippen, H. Denny Donnell, Edwin Geldreich, Beverley J. Payne, Arlon Meyer, Joy G. Wells, Katherine D. Greene, Mahree Bright, Nancy H. Bean, Paul A. Blake
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To describe and determine the source of a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157) infections in Missouri.A case-control study and a household survey.A small city in a rural Missouri township that had an unchlorinated water supply.Case patients were residents of or visitors to Burdine Township with bloody diarrhea or diarrhea and abdominal cramps occurring between 15 December 1989 and 20 January 1990.Escherichia coli O157 was isolated from 21 stool specimens. All isolates were resistant to sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and streptomycin; produced Shiga-like toxins I and II; and had one 60-megadalton plasmid.Among the 243 case patients, 86 had bloody stools, 32 were hospitalized, 4 died, and 2 had the hemolytic uremic syndrome. In the case-control study, no food was associated with illness, but ill persons had drunk more municipal water than had controls (P = 0.04). The survey showed that, during the peak of the outbreak, bloody diarrhea was 18.2 times more likely to occur in persons living inside the city and using municipal water than in persons living outside the city and using private well water (P = 0.001). Shortly before the peak of the outbreak, 45 water meters were replaced, and two water mains ruptured. The number of new cases declined rapidly after residents were ordered to boil water and after chlorination of the water supply.This was the largest outbreak of ECO157 infections, the first due to a multiply resistant organism, and the first shown to be transmitted by water. System-wide chlorination as well as hyperchlorination during repairs might have prevented this outbreak. Both bloody and nonbloody diarrhea may be common manifestations of this infection, which is probably underdiagnosed because of the failure of routine stool cultures to identify the organism. Cities with deteriorating water systems using untreated water risk widespread illness from contaminated drinking water.
Arginine vasopressin secretion with mutants of wild-type and Brattleboro rats AVP gene.
Authors: J K Kim, S N Summer, W M Wood, J L Brown, R W Schrier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Defects in peptide processing are associated with several disorders, including central diabetes insipidus (CDI). In the Brattleboro (BB) rat with CDI, the mRNA and protein of arginine vasopressin (AVP) are present in the hypothalamus, but no circulating AVP is detectable, thus suggesting a processing defect. The present study examined AVP secretion in cultured COS cells transfected with various constructs from wild-type and mutated Brattleboro AVP gene precursors. The precursor contains three exons encoding for vasopressin (VP), neurophysin (NP), and glycopeptide (GP). The Brattleboro rat has a deletion of a single base, guanine (G), in the NP coding region that leads to a frameshift, resulting in the loss of normal stop codon. The wild-type pcVP (22.0 +/- 5.2 pg/10[-2] U beta-galactosidase [beta-gal]), but not the mutated BB AVP gene pcBB (1.2 +/- 0.4 pg/10[-2] U beta-gal), was associated with AVP secretion from the COS cells as measured by RIA. The wild-type AVP gene without the GP coding region was associated with AVP release greater (47.4 +/- 13.5 pg/10[-2] U beta-gal, n = 5, P < 0.05, versus pcVP) than the pcVP with intact VP, NP, and GP coding regions. However, the wild-type AVP gene with VP coding region alone was not processed and secreted. Normalizing the pcBB total length with the insertion of a stop codon at the site of the normal stop codon was not associated with AVP secretion (3.0 +/- 1.4 pg/10[-2] U beta-gal). However, insertion of a stop codon so that the pcBB length equaled the length of VP and NP coding regions of the wild type was associated with AVP secretion (13.5 +/- 4.0 pg/10[-2] U beta-gal). When a stop codon was inserted into the wild-type NP coding region at the same site as the G deletion in the pcBB, the AVP secretion was significantly lower (15.1 +/- 5.0 pg/10[-2] U beta-gal) than pcVP with VP + NP but no GP coding regions (47.4 +/- 13.5 pg/10[-2] U beta-gal, n = 5, P < 0.05). In summary, (1) both VP and intact NP, but not GP, coding regions are necessary for AVP processing and secretion; (2) decreasing the length of the NP coding region diminishes but does not abolish AVP processing and secretion; and (3) shortening of the pcBB length with a stop codon at a site comparable to wild-type VP + NP allows AVP secretion, albeit less than with wild-type gene precursor. Thus, the CDI in BB rats is caused by the G deletion in NP coding region. This defect leads to abnormalities that contribute to the abnormal AVP processing. Specifically, the frameshift and absence of a stop codon cause a mutated extended C terminus, which, along with the mutated NP, contribute to the abnormal steps of AVP processing, transport, and secretion in the BB rat. These defects no doubt impair the folding and configuration necessary for normal processing of the AVP gene precursor.
Added Sugar Intake and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality Among US Adults
Authors: Quanhe Yang, Zefeng Zhang, Edward W. Gregg, W. Dana Flanders, Robert Merritt, Frank B. Hu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

IMPORTANCE Epidemiologic studies have suggested that higher intake of added sugar is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Few prospective studies have examined the association of added sugar intake with CVD mortality. OBJECTIVE To examine time trends of added sugar consumption as percentage of daily calories in the United States and investigate the association of this consumption with CVD mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1988-1994 [III], 1999-2004, and 2005-2010 [n = 31,147]) for the time trend analysis and NHANES III Linked Mortality cohort (1988-2006 [n = 11 733]), a prospective cohort of a nationally representative sample of US adults for the association study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cardiovascular disease mortality. RESULTS Among US adults, the adjusted mean percentage of daily calories from added sugar increased from 15.7% (95% CI, 15.0%-16.4%) in 1988-1994 to 16.8% (16.0%-17.7%; P = .02) in 1999-2004 and decreased to 14.9% (14.2%-15.5%; P < .001) in 2005-2010. Most adults consumed 10% or more of calories from added sugar (71.4%) and approximately 10% consumed 25% or more in 2005-2010. During a median follow-up period of 14.6 years, we documented 831 CVD deaths during 163,039 person-years. Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD mortality across quintiles of the percentage of daily calories consumed from added sugar were 1.00 (reference), 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.13), 1.23 (1.12-1.34), 1.49 (1.24-1.78), and 2.43 (1.63-3.62; P < .001), respectively. After additional adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, HRs were 1.00 (reference), 1.07 (1.02-1.12), 1.18 (1.06-1.31), 1.38 (1.11-1.70), and 2.03 (1.26-3.27; P = .004), respectively. Adjusted HRs were 1.30 (95% CI, 1.09-1.55) and 2.75 (1.40-5.42; P = .004), respectively, comparing participants who consumed 10.0% to 24.9% or 25.0% or more calories from added sugar with those who consumed less than 10.0% of calories from added sugar. These findings were largely consistent across age group, sex, race/ethnicity (except among non-Hispanic blacks), educational attainment, physical activity, health eating index, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Most US adults consume more added sugar than is recommended for a healthy diet. We observed a significant relationship between added sugar consumption and increased risk for CVD mortality.
Local delivery of low-dose docetaxel, a novel microtubule polymerizing agent, reduces neointimal hyperplasia in a balloon-injured rabbit iliac artery model
Authors: S Yasuda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Docetaxel (DOC) is a novel microtubule polymerizing agent, with superior antiproliferative properties as compared to paclitaxel. DOC is therefore a potential therapeutic tool for the prevention of restenosis following angioplasty. However, DOC has systemic toxicity such as leukocytopenia, which occurs in a dose-dependent manner. To minimize such adverse effects, we carried out local delivery of low-dose DOC directly to injured vessel sites.The rabbit iliac artery was denuded, and then DOC (2 mg) or control vehicle was administered locally 20 min, via a local drug delivery catheter.The levels of DOC in the plasma were within ng/ml range, eliminating hematopoietic side effects. Seven days after the local delivery (DOC: n=4, control: n=4), DOC decreased the number of Ki-67-labeled cells in the intima (DOC: 22 +/-10 vs. control: 66 +/- 18 cells/mm(2), P<0.01), indicating a decreased proliferative activity. At 28 days (DOC: n=8, control: n=8), computer-assisted morphometric analysis demonstrated that DOC significantly reduced the intimal area (DOC: 0.15 +/- 0.13 vs. control: 0.70 +/- 0.13 mm(2), P<0.01). There was also a decrease in medial area in the DOC-treated vessels (DOC: 0.62 +/- 0.17 vs. control: 1.13 +/- 0.38 mm(2), P<0.01).Local delivery of DOC, even after a single low-dose administration, effectively inhibits neointimal hyperplasia. Such administration is associated with a minimal likelihood of systemic adverse effects (leukocytopenia), but potentially induces local toxicity (a decrease in medial wall thickness) due to extensive cytotoxic effect.
Relation between running injury and static lower limb alignment in recreational runners
Authors: V Lun, W H Meeuwisse, P Stergiou, D Stefanyshyn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To determine if measurements of static lower limb alignment are related to lower limb injury in recreational runners.Static lower limb alignment was prospectively measured in 87 recreational runners. They were observed for the following six months for any running related musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limb. Injuries were defined according to six types: R1, R2, and R3 injuries caused a reduction in running mileage for one day, two to seven days, or more than seven days respectively; S1, S2, and S3 injuries caused stoppage of running for one day, two to seven days, or more than seven days respectively.At least one lower limb injury was suffered by 79% of the runners during the observation period. When the data for all runners were pooled, 95% confidence intervals calculated for the differences in the measurements of lower limb alignment between the injured and non-injured runners suggested that there were no differences. However, when only runners diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (n = 6) were compared with non-injured runners, differences were found in right ankle dorsiflexion (0.3 to 6.1), right knee genu varum (-0.9 to -0.3), and left forefoot varus (-0.5 to -0.4).In recreational runners, there is no evidence that static biomechanical alignment measurements of the lower limbs are related to lower limb injury except patellofemoral pain syndrome. However, the effect of static lower limb alignment may be injury specific.
A monoclonal antibody against rabbit tissue factor inhibits thrombus formation in stenotic injured rabbit carotid arteries.
Authors: A B Pawashe, P Golino, G Ambrosio, F Migliaccio, M Ragni, I Pascucci, M Chiariello, R Bach, A Garen, W K Konigsberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane protein that binds factor VII/VIIa, thus activating the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway. Since this pathway appears to be involved in the formation of intravascular thrombi, the anti-rabbit TF monoclonal antibody, AP-1, was produced and tested as an antithrombotic agent in a rabbit model of recurrent intravascular thrombosis. In this model, a plastic constrictor is positioned around the injured rabbit carotid arteries, and flow is monitored with a Doppler flow probe. This produces cyclic flow variation (CFV) in the carotid artery, which is caused by recurrent formation and dislodgment of thrombi at the site of the stenosis. After monitoring CFV pattern for 30 minutes, AP-1 was infused intravenously into nine rabbits at doses of 0.05 to 1.5 mg/kg body weight, and a control monoclonal antibody that does not react with rabbit TF was infused into four additional rabbits. In all rabbits receiving AP-1, CFV was abolished, and a steady normal blood flow was restored, indicating that thrombus formation had been blocked by AP-1. By contrast, in all rabbits that received the control monoclonal antibody, CFV continued unaltered. There was no change in the partial thromboplastin time and ex vivo platelet aggregation to several different agonists after infusion of AP-1, indicating an absence of systemic effects on the coagulation process. We conclude that activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway has a key role in triggering intravascular thrombosis and that an anti-TF monoclonal antibody is an effective antithrombotic agent that could have therapeutic potential for humans.
End of life decisions in mentally disabled people
Authors: P. J van der Maas
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The acid test for any society that claims to be civilised is whether it really protects the life and promotes the wellbeing of its most vulnerable citizens, including the very young, the very old, the chronically ill, and certainly the mentally impaired. Most seriously mentally disabled people have only a limited ability, or are entirely unable, to judge their own situation and make adequate decisions about it and are thus partly or entirely incompetent. All major decisions have to be made for them or, at least, have to be supported by carers and relatives. This sometimes includes difficult medical decisions at the end of life. Protecting vulnerable life does not mean prolonging it regardless of the amount of suffering this would entail.1 In this week's BMJ (p 88), van Thiel et al chart, for the first time, end of life decisions in …