tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does hydrotherapy improve strength and physical function in patients with osteoarthritis--a randomised controlled trial comparing a gym based and a hydrotherapy based strengthening programme
Authors: A Foley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To compare the effects of a hydrotherapy resistance exercise programme with a gym based resistance exercise programme on strength and function in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).Single blind, three arm, randomised controlled trial.105 community living participants aged 50 years and over with clinical OA of the hip or knee.Participants were randomised into one of three groups: hydrotherapy (n = 35), gym (n = 35), or control (n = 35). The two exercising groups had three exercise sessions a week for six weeks. At six weeks an independent physiotherapist unaware of the treatment allocation performed all outcome assessments (muscle strength dynamometry, six minute walk test, WOMAC OA Index, total drugs, SF-12 quality of life, Adelaide Activities Profile, and the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale).In the gym group both left and right quadriceps significantly increased in strength compared with the control group, and right quadriceps strength was also significantly better than in the hydrotherapy group. The hydrotherapy group increased left quadriceps strength only at follow up, and this was significantly different from the control group. The hydrotherapy group was significantly different from the control group for distance walked and the physical component of the SF-12. The gym group was significantly different from the control group for walk speed and self efficacy satisfaction. Compliance rates were similar for both exercise groups, with 84% of hydrotherapy and 75% of gym sessions attended. There were no differences in drug use between groups over the study period.Functional gains were achieved with both exercise programmes compared with the control group.
<i>APOE</i>Genotype and Brain Development
Authors: John H. Growdon, Bradley T. Hyman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Torsional injuries of the lower limb: an analysis of the frictional torque between different types of football turf and the shoe outsole
Authors: Kristof Smeets, Pieter Jacobs, Robbin Hertogs, Jean-Philippe Luyckx, Bernardo Innocenti, Kristoff Corten, Jan Ekstrand, Johan Bellemans
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Football turf is increasingly used in European soccer competition. Little is known on the rotational torque that players experience on these fields. High rotational torques between the shoe outsole and the sports surface has been correlated with torsional injuries of the lower limb and knee.To evaluate the effect of six parameters that could influence the rotational torque between the shoe outsole and the latest generation football turf.Controlled laboratory study.A testing apparatus was constructed to measure the peak torque generated during a controlled rotation of the foot. Six parameters that could potentially influence the frictional forces, were considered: (1) the sports surface, (2) the shoe outsole cleat design, (3) the weather conditions, (4) the weight, (5) the presence of an impact and (6) the direction of rotation.The football turf without infill showed significantly lower frictional torques than natural grass whereas a football turf with sand/rubber infill had significantly higher torques. Blades were associated with significantly higher torques than studs on natural grass and on one football turf with sand/rubber infill. Dry weather was associated with higher torques only for the football turf without infill. The torque increased linearly and significantly with an increasing vertical load. The rotational torque increased significantly following an impact. Torques on external rotational movements were significantly higher with blades.Important differences in rotational torques are found and could be seen as potential risk factors for torsional injuries of the lower limb.
Collecting data on patient experience is not enough: they must be used to improve care
Authors: A. Coulter, L. Locock, S. Ziebland, J. Calabrese
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The NHS has been collecting data on patients’ experience of care for over 10 years but few providers are systematically using the information to improve services. <b>Angela Coulter and colleagues</b> argue that a national institute of “user” experience should be set up to draw the data together, determine how to interpret the results, and put them into practice
Two monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, render cultured vascular endothelial cells susceptible to lysis by antibodies circulating during Kawasaki syndrome.
Authors: D Y Leung, R S Geha, J W Newburger, J C Burns, W Fiers, L A Lapierre, J S Pober
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is an acute febrile illness of early childhood characterized by diffuse vasculitis and marked immune activation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the acute phase of KS is associated with circulating cytotoxic antibodies directed to target antigens induced on vascular endothelium by the monokines, IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Sera from 20 patients with acute KS, 11 patients in the convalescent phase of KS, and 17 age-matched controls were assessed for complement-dependent cytotoxic activity against 111In-labeled human endothelial cells (HEC), dermal fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Sera from patients with acute KS but not the other subject groups caused significant (p less than 0.01) complement-mediated killing of IL-1- or TNF-stimulated HEC. None of the sera tested had cytotoxicity against control HEC cultures or the other target cell types, with or without IL-1 or TNF pretreatment. Expression of the IL-1- or TNF-inducible target antigens on endothelial cells was rapid and transient, peaking at 4 h and disappearing after 24 h despite continued incubation with monokine. In contrast, we have previously shown that IFN-gamma requires 72 h to render HEC susceptible to lysis with acute KS sera. Serum adsorption studies demonstrated that IL-1- and TNF-inducible endothelial target antigens are distinct from IFN-gamma-inducible antigens. These observations suggest that mediator secretion by activated monocyte/macrophages could be a predisposing factor to the development of vascular injury in acute KS. Although our present observations have been restricted to KS, the development of cytotoxic antibodies directed to monokine-inducible endothelial cell antigens may also be found in other vasculitides accompanied by immune activation.
Creativity and practice
Authors: Robert W. Weisberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The target article examines the role of practice in the development of excellence in several domains that vary in the degree of innovation involved. The authors do not differentiate domains, but they discuss the development of specifically creative skills only in passing. This commentary presents evidence that practice plays a role in the development of musical composition, through an examination of the careers of Mozart and the Beatles.
Abstract B46: Clinicopathologic implications of ALK rearrangement in surgically resected NSCLC: A proposal of molecular algorithm with a small lung biopsy of adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jin Ho Paik, Chang-Min Choi, Hyojin Kim, Se Jin Jang, Sook-Whan Sung, Dong Kwan Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Hoil Yoon, Choon-Taek Lee, Sanghoon Jheon, Ji-Young Choea, Jin-Haeng Chung
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: To characterize the clinicopathologic features of ALK-rearranged lung cancer, and suggest a molecular test protocol for lung adenocarcinoma in the small biopsy specimen. Methods: In 735 NSCLC surgical specimens, clinicopathologic features, ALK protein over-expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ALK rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as well as EGFR and KRAS mutation studies were analyzed. Results: Of the 735 NSCLC cases, 28 (3.8%) were ALK FISH-positive. ALK rearrangement, EGFR and KRAS mutation were mutually exclusive. ALK rearrangement was significantly higher in adenocarcinomas (6.8%, p&amp;lt;0.001), younger age (p&amp;lt;0.0007), women (7.6%, p&amp;lt;0.001), and never-smokers (8.9%, p&amp;lt;0.001) with no gender difference in the adenocarcinoma or never-smoker subgroup. ALK FISH-positivity was not associated with disease recurrence (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.42–1.49) or overall survival (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.24–1.55). However, ALK-rearranged lung cancer tended to show more frequent lymph node metastasis despite its lower T stage. Similar to EGFR-mutated lung cancer, ALK-rearranged lung cancer was enriched in adenocarcinoma, women, and never-smokers. The results of ALK IHC and FISH obtained from tissue microarray (TMA)/biopsy specimens and whole sections after resection were concordant. Conclusion: ALK rearrangement was not a significant prognostic factor in surgically resectable NSCLC. The clinical profiles of ALK-rearranged lung cancer patients overlapped with those of EGFR-mutated patients. Therefore, we suggest that simultaneous tests for ALK IHC and EGFR mutation (Chung's SNUBH molecular test protocol), which has important implications for the storage and use of small biopsy or cytology samples for genetic analysis.
Case Report: Mixed Cholestatic/Hepatocellular Liver Injury Induced by the Herbicide Quizalofop-p-ethyl
Authors: Ioannis S. Elefsiniotis, George D. Liatsos, Dimitris Stamelakis, Antonios Moulakakis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Quizalofop-p-ethyl is an often applied, slightly toxic herbicide for which no severe toxicity has been reported in humans.We present the case of a farmer exposed to quizalofop-p-ethyl who presented with obstructive cholestasis. A complete workup disclosed no other cause of liver pathology, but liver biopsy established drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The patient was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisolone, and was recovered fully 70 days after his exposure to the herbicide. The patient was followed for the next 9 months.Quizalofop-p-ethyl can induce a mixed cholestatic/hepatocellular liver injury. We discuss possible mechanisms implicated in liver injury after exposure to quizalofop-p-ethyl.In patients presenting with mixed cholestatic/ hepatocellular liver injury, occupational exposure to quizalofop-p-ethyl in the course of agricultural use should be investigated.
Risk of Glucose Intolerance and Diabetes in Hemipancreatectomized Donors Selected for Normal Preoperative Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Anjali F. Kumar, Rainer W.G. Gruessner, Elizabeth R. Seaquist
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Hemipancreatectomy (HPx) for the purpose of organ donation has been associated with a 25% risk of developing abnormal glucose tolerance or diabetes in the year after surgery. Since 1997, the University of Minnesota has imposed criteria to prevent potential donors with clinical features associated with an increased diabetes risk from undergoing HPx. We recently assessed glucose tolerance in hemipancreatectomized donors selected since the adoption of the new criteria to determine whether the risk of developing abnormal glucose tolerance was reduced below the 25% rate previously demonstrated.
PDK1 orchestrates early NK cell development through induction of E4BP4 expression and maintenance of IL-15 responsiveness
Authors: Meixiang Yang, Dan Li, Zai Chang, Zhongzhou Yang, Zhigang Tian, Zhongjun Dong
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

E4BP4, a circadian protein, is indispensable for NK cell development. It remains largely unknown which signal is required to induce E4BP4 expression and what effects it has during NK cell differentiation. Here, we reveal that PDK1, a kinase upstream of mTOR, connects IL-15 signaling to E4BP4. Early deletion of PDK1 caused a severe loss of NK cells and compromised antitumor activity in vivo. PDK1-deficient NK cells displayed much weaker IL-15–induced mTOR activation and E4BP4 induction, as well as remarkable reduction in CD122, a receptor subunit specifying NK cell responsiveness to IL-15. The phenotypes were partially reversible by ectopic expression of E4BP4 or bypassed activation of mTOR. We also determined that PDK1-mediated metabolic signaling was dispensable for NK cell terminal maturation and survival. Thus, we identify a role for PDK1 signaling as a key mediator in regulating E4BP4 expression during early NK cell development. Our findings underscore the importance of IL-15 self-responsiveness through a positive feedback loop that involves PDK1–mTOR–E4BP4–CD122 signaling.
Editing liver tumours
Authors: Sabine Colnot, Puri Fortes
Journal: Gut (2013)

There is an urgent need for new therapeutic options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is currently the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide.1 HCC develops most frequently in the setting of cirrhosis. This premalignant condition occurs as a consequence of chronic liver disease, mainly as a result of hepatitis B and C viral infection, alcohol abuse and obesity. The poor efficacy of many antiproliferative agents against HCC is due in part to the inefficient drug delivery and metabolism in cirrhotic livers, leading to unbearable drug toxicity. Novel therapies for HCC could be developed after the identification of oncogenic addiction loops or primary ‘gatekeeper’ and ‘driver’ mutations that would allow for HCC initiation and progression, respectively.

To this end, previous large-scale studies in HCC have focused on searching for DNA mutations and transcriptome alterations. This allowed the classification of HCCs with DNA mutations that affect different pathways, that is, β-catenin signalling, P53/cell cycle control, chromatin remodelling and/or PI3K/Ras cascade.2 However, no driver DNA mutations have been identified for at least 20% HCCs,2 suggesting that other mutator or driver events could occur. To search for such alternative events, new genome-wide studies should be performed to analyse whether the transcriptome modification caused by changes in alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation or RNA editing could have an impact on hepatocarcinogenesis.

RNA editing has now entered the limelight in HCC thanks to the study of Chan and colleagues,3 which positions RNA editing as a generator of tumour-specific transcriptome …
Multiple system atrophy presenting as central sleep apnoea: Fig. 1.—
Authors: L.J. Cormican, S. Higgins, A.C. Davidson, R. Howard, A.J. Williams
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

A 61‐yr-old male presented with apparent idiopathic central sleep apnoea but after 4 yrs developed features of autonomic, cerebellar and extrapyramidal dysfunction consistent with a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Though central sleep apnoea can occur in multiple sleep apnoea, it is less frequent than obstructive sleep apnoea and occurs in the later stages of the disease. The pathogenesis of MSA involves gliosis and neuronal cell loss in specific areas of the central nervous system. Central sleep apnoea in MSA may be due to the depletion of cholinergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the medulla by apoptosis. This is the first description of multiple system atrophy presenting as central sleep apnoea. The current authors believe that multiple system atrophy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of late onset central sleep apnoea and progressive hypoventilation.
Circulatory Effects of Acute Expansion of Blood Volume:
Authors: BRIAN F. ROBINSON, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, RICHARD L. KAHLER, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The maximum cardiac output that can be achieved during exercise might be limited either by extracardiac factors influencing ventricular filling, or by the heart itself. In order to investigate this problem, the effect on the cardiac response to maximum exertion of an acute expansion of blood volume was studied in six men with essentially normal cardiovascular systems. Augmentation of blood volume produced by infusion of 1000 to 1200 ml of the subject's own blood resulted in a small increase in central venous pressure at rest (avg = + 1.9 mm Hg) and a substantial increase in cardiac output (avg = + 1.47 liters/min). During exercise, however, the expansion of blood volume caused a large increase in central venous pressure (avg = + 7.4 mm Hg), but no significant increase in cardiac output or maximum O 2 uptake. This finding suggests that the maximum cardiac output is not restricted by extracardiac factors and that the upper limit must therefore be determined by the heart itself.
Effect of corticosteroids on release of RANTES and sICAM-1 from cultured human bronchial epithelial cells, induced by TNF-alpha
Authors: JH Wang, JL Devalia, RJ Sapsford, RJ Davies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

We have recently demonstrated that human bronchial epithelial cells can synthesise and release several inflammatory mediators, including the factor regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), which influence the activity of eosinophils, and may, therefore play a role in the aetiology of asthma. In this study we investigated whether corticosteroids could influence the release of these proinflammatory mediators from human bronchial epithelial cells. Human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured to confluence as explant cultures, and incubated in the presence of 50 ng x mL(-1) tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) +/- 0-10(-4) M of either fluticasone propionate (FP), beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), or hydrocortisone (HC) for 24 h. The culture medium was collected and analyzed for RANTES and sICAM-1, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the cells were analysed for total protein. The TNF-alpha significantly increased the release both of RANTES and sICAM-1 (63.0 fg RANTES x microg(-1) protein; p<0.05; 8.8 pg sICAM-1 x microg(-1) protein; p<0.02), when compared with untreated cells (10.3 fg RANTES x microg(-1) protein; 2.6 pg sICAM-1 x microg(-1) cellular protein). The TNF-alpha-induced release both of RANTES and sICAM-1 occurred in a time-dependent manner, and was maximal by 24 h incubation. FP 10(-6)-10(-4) M significantly attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced release both of RANTES and sICAM-1. In contrast, 10(-4) M BDP or HC significantly attenuated the release of only sICAM-1. These results suggest that corticosteroids may prevent airway inflammation by downregulating the synthesis and/or release of proinflammatory mediators from bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, fluticasone propionate may be more efficacious than beclomethasone dipropionate or hydrocortisone in this respect.
Risk and Timing of Cardiovascular Disease After Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sean O'Farrell, Hans Garmo, Lars Holmberg, Jan Adolfsson, Pär Stattin, Mieke Van Hemelrijck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Findings on the association between risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the duration and type of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) are inconsistent.By using data on filled drug prescriptions in Swedish national health care registers, we investigated the risk of CVD in a cohort of 41,362 men with PCa on ADT compared with an age-matched, PCa-free comparison cohort (n = 187,785) by use of multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.From 2006 to 2012, 10,656 men were on antiandrogens (AA), 26,959 were on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, and 3,747 underwent surgical orchiectomy. CVD risk was increased in men on GnRH agonists compared with the comparison cohort (hazard ratio [HR] of incident CVD, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.25; and orchiectomy: HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.25). Men with PCa on AA were at decreased risk (HR of incident CVD, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.91). CVD risk was highest during the first 6 months of ADT in men who experienced two or more cardiovascular events before therapy, with an HR of CVD during the first 6 months of GnRH agonist therapy of 1.91 (95% CI, 1.66 to 2.20), an HR of CVD with AA of 1.60 (95% CI, 1.24 to 2.06), and an HR of CVD with orchiectomy of 1.79 (95% CI, 1.16 to 2.76) versus the comparison cohort.Our results support that there should be a solid indication for ADT in men with PCa so that benefit outweighs potential harm; this is of particular importance among men with a recent history of CVD.
Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Subvirion Influenza A (H5N1) Vaccine
Authors: John J. Treanor, James D. Campbell, Kenneth M. Zangwill, Thomas Rowe, Mark Wolff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Influenza A (H5N1) viruses could cause a severe worldwide epidemic, with high attack rates, large numbers of deaths and hospitalizations, and wide disruption. Effective vaccines against these viruses in humans are urgently needed.We conducted a multicenter, double-blind two-stage study involving 451 healthy adults 18 to 64 years of age who were randomly assigned in a 2:2:2:2:1 ratio to receive two intramuscular doses of a subvirion influenza A (H5N1) vaccine of 90, 45, 15, or 7.5 microg of hemagglutinin antigen or placebo. The subjects were followed for the safety analysis for 56 days. Serum samples obtained before each vaccination and again 28 days after the second vaccination were tested for H5 antibody by microneutralization and hemagglutination inhibition.Mild pain at the injection site was the most common adverse event for all doses of vaccine. The frequency of a serum antibody response was highest among subjects receiving doses of 45 microg or 90 microg. Among those who received two doses of 90 microg, neutralization antibody titers reached 1:40 or greater in 54 percent, and hemagglutination-inhibition titers reached 1:40 or greater in 58 percent. Neutralization titers of 1:40 or greater were seen in 43 percent, 22 percent, and 9 percent of the subjects receiving two doses of 45, 15, and 7.5 microg, respectively. No responses were seen in placebo recipients.A two-dose regimen of 90 mug of subvirion influenza A (H5N1) vaccine does not cause severe side effects and, in the majority of recipients, generates neutralizing antibody responses typically associated with protection against influenza. A conventional subvirion H5 influenza vaccine may be effective in preventing influenza A (H5N1) disease in humans. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00115986.).