tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A PLEA FOR THE EARLY AND SYSTEMATIC REMOVAL OF THE INGUINAL LYMPHATIC GLANDS.IN CASES OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS IN REGIONS FROM WHICH THESE GLANDS RECEIVE LYMPHATICS. Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: H. REINEKING
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The rule that operations for the removal of malignant growths should include also the removal, not only of glands already perceptibly enlarged from secondary deposits, but also those which from their anatomic relations to the primary growth are likely to become the seat of secondary disease, as now quite generally followed in operations for mammary cancer, has been productive of much good. The fact that we can not determine by our examination whether a gland, though not perceptibly enlarged, may not after all be the seat of a secondary deposit, and the further fact that when those glands nearest the primary seat of disease have become enlarged, others more remote may in turn have become infected,—these facts form a sufficient argument for the general adoption of the above rule wherever practicable. I was somewhat surprised therefore, on looking up the literature on malignant growths of the external genitals and the
Sirolimus-Eluting Stents versus Standard Stents in Patients with Stenosis in a Native Coronary Artery
Authors: Jeffrey W Moses, Martin B Leon, Jeffrey J Popma, Peter J Fitzgerald, David R Holmes, Charles O'Shaughnessy, Ronald P Caputo, Dean J Kereiakes, David O Williams, Paul S Teirstein, Judith L Jaeger, Richard E Kuntz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Preliminary reports of studies involving simple coronary lesions indicate that a sirolimus-eluting stent significantly reduces the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary revascularization.We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial comparing a sirolimus-eluting stent with a standard stent in 1058 patients at 53 centers in the United States who had a newly diagnosed lesion in a native coronary artery. The coronary disease in these patients was complex because of the frequent presence of diabetes (in 26 percent of patients), the high percentage of patients with longer lesions (mean, 14.4 mm), and small vessels (mean, 2.80 mm). The primary end point was failure of the target vessel (a composite of death from cardiac causes, myocardial infarction, and repeated percutaneous or surgical revascularization of the target vessel) within 270 days.The rate of failure of the target vessel was reduced from 21.0 percent with a standard stent to 8.6 percent with a sirolimus-eluting stent (P<0.001)--a reduction that was driven largely by a decrease in the frequency of the need for revascularization of the target lesion (16.6 percent in the standard-stent group vs. 4.1 percent in the sirolimus-stent group, P<0.001). The frequency of neointimal hyperplasia within the stent was also decreased in the group that received sirolimus-eluting stents, as assessed by both angiography and intravascular ultrasonography. Subgroup analyses revealed a reduction in the rates of angiographic restenosis and target-lesion revascularization in all subgroups examined.In this randomized clinical trial involving patients with complex coronary lesions, the use of a sirolimus-eluting stent had a consistent treatment effect, reducing the rates of restenosis and associated clinical events in all subgroups analyzed.
Antidepressants and suicide
Authors: S. S Jick, A. D Dean, H. Jick
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To estimate the rate and means of suicide among people taking 10 commonly prescribed antidepressant drugs: dothiepin, amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine, flupenthixol, lofepramine, mianserin, fluoxetine, doxepin, and trazodone. <b>Design</b>: Open cohort study with a nested casecontrol analysis. <b>Setting</b>: General practices in the United Kingdom that used VAMP computers to maintain their patient records from January 1988 to February 1993. <b>Subjects</b>: 172598 people who had at least one prescription for one of the 10 antidepresssants during the study period. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Suicide confirmed by general practitioner or on death certificate, or both. <b>Results</b>: 143 people committed suicide. The overall rate of suicide was estimated to be 8.5 per 10000 person years (95% confidence interval 7.2 to 10.0). Rates of suicide were higher in men than women (relative risk 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.9 to 4.0)), people with a history of feeling suicidal (19.2 (9.5 to 38.7)), and people who had taken several different antidepressants (2.8 (1.8 to 4.3)). People who received high doses of antidepressants and those who had had a prescription in the 30 days before they committed suicide were also at higher risk than those who had received low doses and had had their prescriptions 30 or more days previously (2.3 (1.4 to 3.7) and 2.3 (1.6 to 3.4)) respectively. Rates of suicide were higher in patients who received fluoxetine, but this may be explained by selection biases which were present for those drug users. <b>Conclusion</b>: Several factors correlate with the risk of suicide in people taking antidepressants. After controlling for these factors, the risk of suicide was similar among the 10 study antidepressants. Overdose with antidepressants accounted for only 14% of the suicides. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages As in previous studies, more men than women committed suicide People with a history of suicidal behaviour were at a greatly increased risk of committing suicide People who had received their last antidepressant prescription in the previous 30 days were more likely to commit suicide than those who had received their last antidepressant 30 or more days previously The risk of suicide was not determined by the antidepressant prescribed
Heart's Response to Stress May Predict Subsequent Hypertension in Black Children
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

BLACK AMERICANS are one third again as likely as whites to have hypertension, say 1988 statistics compiled by the American Heart Association. Now, according to results of a Tennessee study presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, there are indications that black children's cardiovascular systems are more likely to exhibit an enhanced reactivity to stress—a phenomenon that several studies have linked to the subsequent development of hypertension (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:11-17). It is not yet certain whether this reactivity is simply a marker of some other factor that predisposes to hypertension or is directly involved in its cause. Furthermore, studies involving measures of cardiovascular reactivity have used widely varying methods to assess the phenomenon, from cold pressor tests to backward-writing tasks. In the cold pressor test, the subject immerses the right hand and forearm into ice water for one minute. The latter test theoretically induces stress by forcing
Steroids and Spontaneous Tendon Rupture
Authors: Peter Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  In September, 1962, the author, a 39-year-old physician, ruptured his left Achilles tendon while playing competitive table tennis. It was presumed likely, because of the circumstances, that there was some relationship between the incident and the steroids which were being administered for eczematoid dermatitis. Steroids had been used for several months in doses of 20 to 40 mg of prednisone daily, with the development of severe Cushingoid manifestations. I implicate steroids because of the extensive metabolic aberrations that are known to occur and because the action that precipitated the rupture was seemingly innocuous.  An ordinary maneuver, springing forward, caused a complete severance of all the fibers of the Achilles tendon at the attachment to the calf muscles. There were no precipitating factors such as slippery floors or unusual twisting maneuvers, nor was this an initial match played under poor warm-up conditions. It was a typical action performed
The new system of review by multicentre research ethics committees: prospective study
Authors: J. Tully
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the function of the new system of review by multicentre research ethics committees and to highlight areas where improvement is still needed. <b>Design:</b> Prospectively collected data from a multicentre study was examined with respect to the ethics review process. Administrative, financial, and time elements of the review process were audited. <b>Setting:</b> A single multicentre research ethics committee and 125 local ethics committees from six regions of England. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Time to reply, time to approval, and number of non-local changes to the application requested. <b>Results:</b> Only 40% of local ethics committees considered our study in the manner specified in the 1998 directive. Less than a third of committees replied within the 21 day period stipulated, although committees acting by executive subcommittee replied more quickly than those not acting by executive subcommittee. There was a tendency for executive subcommittees to approve studies in a shorter time. Local ethics committees asked for a large number of non-local changes to the application. The financial cost of applying to multiple ethics committees remains high, mainly because multiple copies of research applications are being requested. <b>Conclusions:</b> The new system of approval by multicentre research ethics committee for multicentre studies was introduced to reduce administrative costs, speed up the process of reviews by multiple research ethics committees, and standardise the conclusions of the local research ethics committees. Since its introduction an improvement has been seen, but the system is not yet universally functioning as intended. Ethics review still remains a hindrance to the financial resources and commencement of national studies. We strongly support the structure of review by multicentre research ethics committees but suggest that the system has yet to achieve its aims.
Cadmium, mercury, and lead in kidney cortex of the general Swedish population: a study of biopsies from living kidney donors.
Authors: L Barregård, C Svalander, A Schütz, G Westberg, G Sällsten, I Blohmé, J Mölne, P O Attman, P Haglind
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Cadmium, mercury, and lead concentrations were determined in deep-frozen kidney cortex biopsies taken from 36 living, healthy Swedish kidney donors (18 males and 18 females), who were 30-71 (mean 53) years of age. Information about occupation, smoking, the presence of dental amalgam, and fish consumption could be obtained for 27 of the donors. The samples (median dry weight 0.74 mg) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the results were transformed to wet-weight concentrations. The median kidney Cd was 17 micrograms/g (95% confidence interval, 14-23 micrograms/g), which was similar in males and females. In 10 active smokers, the median kidney Cd was 24 micrograms/g, and in 12 who never smoked, it was 17 micrograms/g. The median kidney Hg was 0.29 micrograms/g, with higher levels in females (median 0.54 micrograms/g) than in males (median 0.16 micrograms/g). Subjects with amalgam fillings had higher kidney Hg (median 0.47 micrograms/g, n = 20) than those without dental amalgam (median 0.15 micrograms;g/g, n = 6), but kidney Hg was below the detection limit in some samples. Nearly half of the samples had kidney Pb below the detection limit. The median kidney Pb was estimated as 0. 14 micrograms/g. This is the first study of heavy metals in kidney cortex of living, healthy subjects, and the results are relatively similar to those of a few previous autopsy studies, indicating that results from autopsy cases are not seriously biased in relation to kidney metal concentrations in the general population. Cd concentrations in those who never smoked were relatively high, indicating considerable Cd intake from the diet in Sweden. The effect of dental amalgam on kidney Hg was as expected, although the reason for the difference in Hg levels between males and females is unclear.
Renin is not synthesized by cardiac and extrarenal vascular tissues. A review of experimental evidence.
Authors: N von Lutterotti, D F Catanzaro, J E Sealey, J H Laragh
Journal: Circulation (1994)

A comprehensive review of physiological and molecular biological evidence refutes claims for synthesis of renin by cardiac and vascular tissues. Cardiovascular tissue renin completely disappears after binephrectomy. Residual putative reninlike activity, where investigated, has had the characteristics of lysosomal acid proteases. Occasional reports of renin or renin mRNA in vascular and cardiac tissues can be ascribed to failure to remove the kidneys 24 hours beforehand, overloading of detection systems, problems with stringency in identification, and illegitimate transcripts after more than 25 cycles of polymerase chain reaction. Others, using more stringent criteria, have failed to detect cardiac and vascular renin mRNA. Accordingly, a growing number of investigators have concluded that the kidneys are the only source of cardiovascular tissue renin. Although prorenin is secreted from extrarenal tissues as well as from the kidneys, there is no evidence that it is ever converted to renin in the circulation. The kidney is the only tissue with known capacity to convert prorenin to renin and to secrete active renin into the circulation. Accordingly, renin of renal origin determines plasma and hence, extracellular fluid renin levels. In these loci, angiotensin (Ang) I, formed by renin cleavage of circulating and interstitial fluid angiotensinogen, is in turn cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme, located in plasma and extracellular fluids and on the luminal surface of pulmonary and systemic vascular endothelial cells, to Ang II, which perfuses and bathes the heart and vasculature. Consistent with this model, plasma renin and angiotensin and the antihypertensive action of renin inhibitors, converting enzyme inhibitor, or Ang II antagonists all disappear after binephrectomy. Thus, the plasma renin level, via Ang II formation, determines renin system vasoconstrictor activity, the antihypertensive potential of anti-renin system drugs, and the risk of heart attack in hypertensive patients. This analysis redirects renin research to renal mechanisms that create the plasma renin level, to renal prorenin biosynthesis and its processing to renin, and to their regulated secretion, extracellular distribution, and possible binding to by target tissues. In this context, it is still possible that changes in circulating and interstitial renin substrate or available converting enzyme might exert subtle modulating influences on Ang II formation. However, this analysis redefines the importance of plasma renin measurements to assess clinical situations, because plasma renin is the only known initiator driving the cardiovascular renin-angiotensin system, and its strength can be measured.
Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Aging
Authors: Robert W Stout
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

There is a close and intimate relationship between advancing age, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis and its complications in the heart, brain, and lower limbs become more common with advancing age. Diabetes, especially non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, also becomes increasingly prevalent with advancing age and predisposes to premature and accelerated atherosclerosis. Both aging and diabetes are associated with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, and these four abnormalities are related to each other and, both individually and in combination, with atherosclerosis. Abnormal lipid levels are less consistently related to age but are found in both diabetes and atherosclerosis. There have been few studies of the effect of reducing cardiovascular risk factors in elderly people, but it is reasonable to advise regular physical activity and avoidance of obesity and cigarette smoking.
Sensory Detection Method of Measuring BP
Authors: David E. Burtner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The article by Gelman and Nemati (1981;246:368) suggests the potential usefulness of the sensory detection method (SDM) in the improvement of patient compliance and control of hypertension. Any procedure that involves the patient more intimately with his own treatment has potential advantages in the control of chronic disease, such as hypertension. We agree with the authors that SDM appears simple and relatively quick but disagree with their statistics and percentage of patients able to use the method.  In a partial replication of the published study, we evaluated a random sample of 116 ambulatory patients visiting our Family Practice Center. Patients were given instruction in SDM by nurses and asked to measure their own BP. The nurse simultaneously measured the patient's BP using the routine indirect method (IDM). Patients were unaware of their BP reading, resulting in a single-blind protocol. Only 58.6% of the patients were able to
Fish oil and argan oil intake differently modulate insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a rat model of dietary-induced obesity
Authors: Samira Samane, Raymond Christon, Luce Dombrowski, Stéphane Turcotte, Zoubida Charrouf, Charles Lavigne, Emile Levy, Hélène Bachelard, Hamid Amarouch, André Marette, Pierre Selim Haddad
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Survival with Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: WILLIAM C. LOWE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

From January 1958 to December 1969, 415 white and 185 nonwhite patients with the histologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were seen. They received various modalities of treatment such as resectional surgery, orthovoltage radiotherapy, cobalt-60 teletherapy, resectional surgery followed by radiotherapy, resectional surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, chemotherapy alone, or palliative therapy that consisted of esophageal dilation by bougienage, permanent intubation with an indwelling cannula, or cervical esophagostomy and gastrostomy with external shunt. Statistically, no single treatment modality or combination of modalities offered any clear-cut advantage in enhancing the survival rate. Only four patients who had resectional surgery and one patient who had cobalt-60 teletherapy survived 5 years. Resectional surgery relieved the dysphagia symptoms immediately, but the surgical mortality was high. Supervoltage irradiation presented problems such as further esophageal stricture, fistula, and pulmonary fibrosis.
Fetal and neonatal mortality: a matter of care? Report of a survey in Curacao, Netherlands Antilles.
Authors: H I Wildschut, M C Tutein Nolthenius-Puylaert, V Wiedijk, P E Treffers, J Huber
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A detailed clinicopathological analysis of 223 consecutive fetal and neonatal deaths was carried out in Curaçao during 1984 and 1985; this included careful histological examination of 210 infants (94%). The crude death rate was 34.2 per 1000 total births. Malformation was the principal cause of death in 28 cases, antepartum haemorrhage in 19, hypertension in 25, and asphyxia in 35. Death was caused by problems of preterm birth in 68 cases. No specific cause could be found for 34 deaths. Improvement in the quality of obstetric care might substantially reduce both fetal and neonatal death rates.
Today's challenge. Delivery of health care
Authors: H. Marchmont-Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

American medicine's greatest challenge today is the t delivery of competent, economical health care to the individual. In the past, medicine has concerned itself, as it should, with standards of education, research, ethics, and the advancement of the science. These policies have been effective in enabling American medicine to reach an historic pinnacle of competence and capability. This was primarily accomplished by an internal surveillance, which had as its goal the pursuit of excellence. Now, however, the profession is being subjected to an external surveillance which looks to the continuation of technical excellence, but which also wants the benefits available to each and every individual, regardless of race, color, creed, or financial position. Medicine has concerned itself primarily with the improvement of the product. Now, the public, for whom the product was designed, wants it distributed widely and economically. This is a new emphasis in American medicine. It has always
Dr Hugh Staunton and the Irish Medical Journal-Reply
Authors: John F. Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> After consulting the transcript of my taped interview with Dr Staunton, I find that there may have been some confusion about when he became a member of the Irish Medical Organization, previously known as the Irish Medical Association. As to the fact that he introduced a peer review system before Dr O'Brien did, there is no record of that in my notes. Finally, Dr Staunton points out that he did run a series of history of medicine pieces in the<i>Irish Medical Journal</i>when he was editor. I admit my oversight in not mentioning this, since he did give me a copy of his piece on Dr Minot.
Time Needed for Publication of Journal Articles
Authors: DELLA J. MUNDY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Brief Reports1 July 1984Time Needed for Publication of Journal ArticlesDELLA J. MUNDY, M.L.S.DELLA J. MUNDY, M.L.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-61 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe number of printed pages available to biomedical journal editors and authors will continue to be scarce as a result of increasing financial stress on scholarly publishing (1). Journal editors concerned with cost may look to increased page, reprint, and copyright permission charges (1). Frustrated authors concerned with rapid publication may seek publication in alternative media unvalidated by peer review, including electronic forms (2). More timely, cost-effective reporting of scientific results through decreased publication lag time could counteract these trends. Publication lag time (time from initial submission of the article until publication) represents 25% to 30% of the total time...References1. ABELSON P. Support of scientific journals. Science. 1981;214:393. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Computers that speed the news of science. Business Week. 1982;2723:36F. Google Scholar3. ROLANDKIRKPATRICK CR. Time lapse between hypothesis and publication in the medical sciences. N Engl J Med. 1975;292:1273-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HIATTFRIEDMAN RG. The frequency of kidney and urinary tract diseases in a defined population. Kidney Int. 1982;22:63-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RELMANRENNIEANGELL ADM. Greetings—with regrets [Editorial]. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:1527. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kaiser Foundation Research Institute Oakland, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHow Many Work Hours Are Requisite to Publish a Manuscript?Fate of articles rejected by Indian PediatricsFate of articles rejected by Indian PediatricsHandling Manuscript RejectionThe Outcome of Manuscripts Submitted to the American Journal of Ophthalmology Between 2002 and 2003Factor de impacto de las revistas médicas españolasThe fate of manuscripts rejected by a general medical journalReferential Behavior in Scientific Writing: aDiachronic Study (1810–1995)How Current Is the Current Emergency Medicine Literature?Writing and editingThe Literature of American Internal Medicine: A Historical ViewW. BRUCE FYE, M.A., M.D.Which Medical Journals Have the Greatest Impact?EUGENE GARFIELD, Ph.D. 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 61-62KeywordsPeer review Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...