tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biological Treatment of Mental Illness
Authors: Samuel Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Over 100 individuals have contributed 65 articles to this massive volume of 1,000 pages, which records the proceedings of the second international conference of the Manfred Sakel foundation, held in October 1962. The material is divided into eight compartments. Of these, section II, on physiology and biochemistry, and section III, on plasma protein fractions in schizophrenia, are at once the most difficult and most intriguing, as well as most representative of the application of biological sciences to psychiatry. Detailed appraisal of each article is not feasible. However, the ingenuity of Curtis' efforts to measure the sensitivity of individual brain cells to psychomimetic drugs evokes special admiration. The work of Brodie and associates on the effect of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, reserpine and other drugs on norepinephrine, and Himwich's data on the relationship between indole amines and psychotic reactions offer a glimpse into the future. Several groups of investigators have been
Characterizing EPR-mediated passive drug targeting using contrast-enhanced functional ultrasound imaging
Authors: Benjamin Theek, Felix Gremse, Sijumon Kunjachan, Stanley Fokong, Robert Pola, Michal Pechar, Roel Deckers, Gert Storm, Josef Ehling, Fabian Kiessling, Twan Lammers
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Effects of a Quick-Release Form of Bromocriptine (Ergoset) on Fasting and Postprandial Plasma Glucose, Insulin, Lipid, and Lipoprotein Concentrations in Obese Nondiabetic Hyperinsulinemic Women
Authors: Vinaya Kamath, Claire N Jones, Jeannie C Yip, Ben B Varasteh, Anthony H Cincotta, Gerald M Reaven, Yii-Der I Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect on various aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of administering a quick-release formulation of bromocriptine (Ergoset) to obese, nondiabetic, hyperinsulinemic women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Hourly concentrations of prolactin, glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), and triglyceride were measured for 24 h before and after approximately 8 weeks of treatment with Ergoset. In addition, fasting lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration in response to a continuous infusion of somatostatin, insulin, and glucose were determined before and after Ergoset administration. RESULTS Circulating prolactin concentrations were dramatically decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.001) following treatment, associated with a significant fall (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in 24-h-long plasma glucose, FFA, and triglyceride concentrations. Neither circulating plasma insulin concentrations nor the ability of insulin to mediate glucose disposal changed with treatment. Finally, fasting total cholesterol fell (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol decreased (P = 0.06) in association with Ergoset treatment. CONCLUSIONS The fact that significant metabolic improvement was seen in the obese nondiabetic hyperinsulinemic women studied suggests that Ergoset could be of therapeutic benefit in clinical conditions of hyperglycemia and/or dyslipidemia.
Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Bradd J. Silver
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE ASSOCIATION between primary hypothyroidism in adults and pituitary enlargement was first described in 1892.<sup>1</sup>Similar cases have been reported recently.<sup>2-5</sup>They have been characterized by enlargement or alteration in contour of the sella turcica. A decrease in pituitary size following thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) replacement therapy has been reported by Jawadi et al,<sup>6</sup>who demonstrated regression of suprasellar expansion with pneumoencephalography, and by Pita et al,<sup>7</sup>who reported disappearance of a pituitary tumor on computed tomographic (CT) scan. A case of suprasellar extension of pituitary tissue in a patient with severe hypothyroidism has been easily demonstrated by CT scanning using both transverse and coronal sections. The unusual feature of the case is that no abnormalities were noted on sella tomography. With supervised T<sub>4</sub>replacement, the CT changes completely resolved within two months. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old woman was admitted for right optic neuritis.
A Phase I Study of Gefitinib with Concurrent Dose-Escalated Weekly Docetaxel and Conformal Three-Dimensional Thoracic Radiation Followed by Consolidative Docetaxel and Maintenance Gefitinib for Patients with Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Brian Center, William Jeffrey Petty, Diandra Ayala, William H. Hinson, James Lovato, James Capellari, Timothy Oaks, Antonius A. Miller, Arthur William Blackstock
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Gating Error Because of Prominent T Waves With ECG-gated Myocardial SPECT
Authors: Dae-Weung Kim, Soon-Ah Park, Chang-Guhn Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

It was well known that with marked arrhythmias, gating errors may produce perfusion and wall motion abnormalities. In the present case, without any arrhythmias or perfusion defects, severe abnormalities of wall contraction and thickening were demonstrated because of prominent T waves. This gating error was easily corrected by changing guidance lead to increase the amplitude of the R wave and decrease that of the T wave.
492 HBeAg and HBV DNA kinetics in HBeAg clearance with peginterferon alpha-2a (40KD) (PEGASYS) treatment for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB)
Authors: M.W Fried, Y.E. Liaw, K.X. Luo, G.K.K. Lau, T. Piratvisuth, G. Cooksley, P. Marcellin, R. Flisiak, M. Popescu, P. Button
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The association of sudden unexpected infant death with obstructive sleep apnea.
Authors: P V Tishler, S Redline, V Ferrette, M G Hans, M D Altose
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We studied the relationship of sudden unexpected infant death/apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 74 index probands who had either sleep-laboratory-confirmed OSA or a clinical diagnosis of OSA requiring treatment, 62 matched control probands, and their spouses and first- and second-degree relatives. Sleep was monitored in the home overnight, and OSA was defined by respiratory disturbance indices (number of apneas/hypopneas per hour of sleep) corrected for normal increases with age. Information on sudden unexpected infant death/ALTE was obtained by questionnaire and was corroborated. For living relatives, data were obtained by questionnaire, examination, or study (cephalometric radiographs, ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia and hypoxia). Eight index families had 10 infants with sudden unexpected infant death/ALTE; two control families had three infants with sudden death (p = 0.11). All told, 91 of the 136 families (index plus control) included members with OSA, and all 10 infant death/ALTE families were among these (versus zero of 45 families with no OSA; p = 0.03). The sudden infant death/ALTE families had a greater frequency of two or more members with OSA (p = 0.06), reported more respiratory disease or allergy, were more frequently brachycephalic (p = 0.05), and had a smaller mean posterior nasal spine-basion distance (p = 0.0001) and ratio of anterior mandibular/anterior maxillary dental height (p < 0.05). Ventilatory responses to hypoxia were reduced in members of families with OSA (p = 0.008), with a trend toward the greatest blunting in subjects from families with OSA plus sudden unexpected infant death/ALTE. Thus, OSA in adults and sudden unexpected infant death/ALTE in their biologic relatives appear to be related. Familial factors influencing this association may include the degree of the predilection for OSA, liability for respiratory illness or allergy, dimensions of the oral-pharyngeal airway, and ventilatory response to hypoxia.
Asystole after verapamil.
Authors: M E Benaim
Journal: BMJ (1972)

18 3 (16-6) 2 (11 1) Cirrhosis Posthepatitis .17 6(35 2) 4 (23 5) Cryptogenic .43 13 (30 2) 8 (18-6) Alcoholic 11 1 (9 9) 1 (9 9) Other Chronic Liver Diseases .. 15 1 (6 6) 1 (6 6) *Classified according to De Groote et al.'The reasons for these findings are not clear.It is uncertain whether in Au-Ag negative cases the antigen is undetectable by means of the techniques presently available or whether other aetiological factors such as infective hepatitis virus or paramyxoviruses may be implicated.Our data, however, seem to emphasize the importance of serum hepatitis virus in the pathogenesis of chronic aggressive hepatitis and cirrhosis in southem Italy.-Weare, etc.,
Diabetics With Coronary Disease Have a Prevalence of Asymptomatic Ischemia During Exercise Treadmill Testing and Ambulatory Ischemia Monitoring Similar to That of Nondiabetic Patients
Authors: Eugene A. Caracciolo, Bernard R. Chaitman, Sandra A. Forman, Peter H. Stone, Martial G. Bourassa, George Sopko, Nancy L. Geller, C. Richard Conti
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background There are conflicting data as to whether diabetics have a higher prevalence of asymptomatic ST-segment depression during exercise treadmill testing (ETT) and ambulatory ECG (AECG) monitoring. This study was conducted to determine whether diabetic patients with coronary disease enrolled in the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) have more episodes of asymptomatic ischemia during ETT and 48-hour AECG monitoring than nondiabetic patients and to compare differences in angiographic variables and the magnitude of ischemia as measured by standard ETT and AECG criteria. Methods and Results Angiographic variables and the prevalence and magnitude of ischemia during the qualifying ETT and 48-hour AECG were compared by the presence and absence of diabetes mellitus in 558 randomized ACIP patients. Seventy-seven patients had a history of diabetes and were taking oral hypoglycemics or insulin (diabetic group); 481 patients did not meet these criteria (nondiabetic group). Multivessel disease (87% versus 74%, P =.01) was more frequent in the diabetic group. The percentages of patients without angina during the ETT were similar in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups (36% and 39%, respectively). Time to onset of ≥1-mm ST-segment depression and time to onset of angina were similar in both groups. The percentages of patients with only asymptomatic ST-segment depression during the 48-hour AECG were similar in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups (94% versus 88%, respectively). However, total ischemic time per 24 hours (15.0±21.4 versus 23.6±31.1 minutes, P =.02), ischemic time per episode (6.3±4.6 versus 9.0±8.7 minutes, P &lt;.01), and the maximum depth of ST-segment depression tended to be less in the diabetic group. Conclusions Patients enrolled in ACIP were selected on the basis of an abnormal ETT and 48-hour AECG and ability to undergo coronary revascularization. When patients with diabetes mellitus were compared with those without diabetes, there was a similar prevalence of asymptomatic ischemia during ETT and 48-hour AECG monitoring. Despite more extensive and diffuse coronary disease, diabetic ACIP patients tended to have less measurable ischemia during the 48-hour AECG.
863 PRECLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MIRAVIRSEN (MIR), AN OLIGONUCLEOTIDE TARGETING MIR-122 IN THE HCV GENOTYPE 1B REPLICON SYSTEM
Authors: S. Ottosen, T. Parsley, K. Zeh, A. Raney, M. Hodges, A.K. Patick
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Interaction of Mean and Pulse Pressures in the Circulation of the Isolated Dog Tongue
Authors: ALLEN A. ROVICK, PATRICIA A. ROBERTSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

In the isolated, perfused dog's tongue, alterations of pulse pressure, at constant mean pressure, can produce parallel or oppositely directed changes in blood flow or can leave the flow unaffected. Parallel changes occur when the vascular bed is passively distensible; opposite changes occur when active contraction of smooth muscle overcomes the effects of passive distensibility, and no change is found when the two effects balance. The first is seen at mean pressures below 80 mm Hg or peak pressures above 155 to 165 mm Hg. The other reactions are produced in the mean pressure range in which autoregulatory reactions occur, viz. opposite changes when the pulse pressure is low and no change under conditions close to in situ mean and pulse pressure. Even when pulse pressure has no observable influence on flow, therefore, it modifies vascular tone. The active response of vascular smooth muscle to pulse pressure persists in part after the removal of the stimulus, opposing stress-relaxation of resistance vessels. Tissue weight changes reflect alterations in capacitance vessel volume which may vary in direction from the volume changes occurring in resistance vessels.
Q-T Interval in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: R. B. Khambatta
Journal: BMJ (1953)

ACUTE MIDDLE-EAR INFECTIONSMEL alone there was a recurrence within three months in three.This was regarded as an unsatisfactory result.Although one case out of 32 treated with oral penicillin and sulpha- dimidine suffered a recurrence in three months, it must be borne in mind that this group included by far the greatest number of severe cases.The satisfactory end-results in 93 cases of acute otitis media treated with chemotherapy alone are held to obviate the necessity for surgical intervention.The results of bacteriological examination in 11 cases indicate that the majority of cases are probably due to infection with penicillin-sensitive organisms, but that non- sensitive bacteria, particularly Bact.coli, form an important minority.It is held that the co-administration of sulphonamides with penicillin will effectively deal with most of these infections.This is particularly important in those cases (the majority) in which perforation of the ear-drum has not occurred and, as a result, the nature of the invading micro-organism cannot be ascertained.In the occasional instance in which a more specific antibiotic is required, com- bined therapy will stay the infection until the result of bacteriological examination is known. SummaryThe role of chemotherapy in acute otitis media is discussed and the advantages of combining penicillin and a sulphonamide are outlined.The synergistic action of these two drugs and the desirability of co- administration in mixed infections is stressed.The liter- ature on oral penicillin administration is surveyed, and it is concluded that this is an effective and convenient method of administering the antibiotic.The results in 93 cases of acute middle-ear infection are described.Of these, 61 were treated with either oral penicillin alone or oral penicillin and sulphadimidine, according to severity.Out of 34 severe cases treated in this manner, perforation of the tympanic membrane had already occurred in 19 before treatment was begun.The results were uniformly good, with no permanent sequelae or after-impairment of hearing.Healing of the ear-drum occurred in all cases in which perforation had occurred.The bacteriology in 11 cases showed a preponderance of infection with Staph.aureus and Str.haemolyticus.However, the infection was usually a mixed one, with Bact. coli and Proteus as the usual co-invaders.I wish to express my thanks to Dr.
Why I Didn't Become a Mathematician: The Confessions of a Compulsive Reader
Authors: Michael K. Rees
Journal: JAMA (1981)

One thing I have always been is a reader. I can't ever remember not being able to read, and I have always read everything. I will admit to a certain lack of discretion. Reading is the important thing. Content comes second. More than once I have been reduced to rifling wastebaskets and ashtrays in a desperate search for reading material. I have read with great intensity fragments of newspapers, labels of household detergents, candy wrappers, anything. During my early college years, I was uncertain in which direction to proceed. I was torn between the desire to be a physician and the conflicting desire to be a mathematician. The former led a life of excitement and service; the latter discovered TRUTH. It was a statistics course that showed me the way. You may or may not be familiar with the term "factorial." A factorial is the "product of a given positive
Dental erosion as extraoesophageal manifestation of gastro-oesophageal reflux
Authors: A Benages
Journal: Gut (2006)

DLG5 variants and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in the Scottish populationThe recent study by Noble et al (Gut 2005;54:1416-20) did not find an association of the DLG5 G113A polymorphism with either inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or Crohn's disease (CD).Previous studies in other European populations had reported an increase in 113A allele frequency in IBD and CD patients 1 2 but, in striking contrast, Noble et al reported a trend towards decreased carrier frequency for the 113A allele in IBD (p = 0.069) and CD (p = 0.057) patients.We believe there is reason to re-examine the genotype data used in the report of Noble et al.Firstly, there was a significant difference in the proportion of missing genotypes between the IBD patients and controls (p,0.00001,Fisher's exact test).Using the data in tables 1 and 3, the missing genotype rate was 13% in controls and 4% in IBD patients.This difference strongly suggests differences in DNA quality or genotyping process between the IBD and control samples.Secondly, using the data in table 3, the G113A polymorphism was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the IBD patients (HWE p value = 0.0056, likelihood ratio test).HWE describes the relationship of allele and genotype frequencies in a randomly mating population, and departure from HWE in controls is commonly used to test for genotyping error. 3If the G113A polymorphism is independent of IBD disease status, then we expect the G113A polymorphism to be in HWE in IBD patients.There are fewer heterozygote IBD patients than expected under HWE, and this may be related to differences in heterozygote frequencies between IBD patients and controls (p = 0.033) and between CD patients and controls (p = 0.029) reported by Noble et al.One possible explanation for this difference in heterozygote frequencies is genotyping error in IBD patients caused by allelic dropout of the 113A allele.The difference in missing genotype rates and the departure from HWE in IBD patients suggest that the quality of the genotype data that underlie the conclusions of this study should be investigated.
Relaxation of rat vascular muscle by peripheral benzodiazepine modulators.
Authors: P Erne, M Chiesi, S Longoni, J Fulbright, K Hermsmeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Effects of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor modulating drugs, Ro 5-4864 and PK 11195, on tension induced by K+ and the calcium agonist SDZ 202 791 (S isomer), were studied in rat caudal arteries. A significant reduction of tonic phase tension occurred with 30 nM PK 11195 or 3 microM Ro 5-4864, but decreases of the initial (first 3 min), phasic contraction were detected only at the highest concentrations of Ro 5-4864 and PK 11195. Protoporphyrin IX, the putative endogenous ligand of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, (at 10-100 nM) markedly increased the effectiveness of Ro 5-4864 and PK 11195 in reducing phasic contraction. Intracellular calcium localization and distribution in fura-2 loaded single vascular cells were quantitated using a high sensitivity, two-stage microchannel plate, photon-counting (PMI-VIM) camera. Peripheral benzodiazepines reduced intracellular calcium release from centrally located calcium pools, and this decrease of calcium release was potentiated by protoporphyrin IX. The decrease in intracellular calcium activity, which was more pronounced in the central regions where sarcoplasmic reticular elements are numerous, was probably the major mechanism of these vasodilator properties. Measurements of soluble guanylate cyclase activity also supported the intracellular Ca2+ release mechanism. Under conditions where protoporphyrin IX did not significantly stimulate guanylate cyclase, Ro 5-4864 alone or more effectively in combination with protoporphyrin IX stimulated cGMP production and caused relaxation. Guanylate cyclase forms a possible target for these benzodiazepine modulators, a hypothesis that merits further investigation.
GH-, PRL-, POMC-, β-TSH-, β-LH-, β-FSH-mRNA in Gonadotroph Adenomas of the Pituitary by In Situ Hybridization in Comparison with Immunostaining and Clinical Data
Authors: Adrian Münscher, Michael Schmid, Wolfgang Saeger, Silke Schreiber, Dieter K Lüdecke
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2001)
Left Heart Volume Estimation in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: THOMAS P. GRAHAM, JAY M. JARMAKANI, RAMON V. CANENT, MARY N. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Left ventricular (LV) volume determinations by the area-length method were reevaluated in postmortem studies of left ventricles ranging from 0.5 to 90 cm 3 absolute volume. The regression equation relating known and calculated volumes for calculated volumes &lt;15 cm 3 (V' = 0.733V) was found to be significantly different from that for calculated volumes &gt;15 cm 3 (V' = 0.974V - 3.1). From these equations, normal values for cinecardiographic LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV systolic output (LVSO), LV mass (LVM), and left atrial maximal volume (LAMax) were derived from 56 children (19 &lt; 2 years) with normal left ventricles who underwent cardiac catheterization. Values for LVEDV/BSA were significantly less for infants (&lt; 2 years) than for older children (42 ± 10 versus 73 ± 11 cm 3 /m 2 , P &lt;0.001). Values for LAMax/BSA were also less for infants than for older children (26 ± 5 versus 38 ± 8 cm 3 / m 2 , P &lt;0.001), and LVEF was significantly increasel for infants (0.68 ± 0.05 versus 0.63 ± 0.05, P &lt;0.01). The values for LVM/BSA (88 ± 12 g/m 2 ) and LVSO/BSA (4.42 ± 0.95 liters/min/m 2 ) were not significantly different for infants and older children. Multiple regression equations were derived for the prediction of normal volume and mass variables from a patient's height, weight, and age. The predicted values can be obtained from nomograms, and estimations of normalcy can be made by comparisons of observed and predicted values with the 95% limits as defined.