tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gall bladder emptying patterns in response to a normal meal in healthy subjects and patients with gall stones: ultrasound study.
Authors: P J Howard, G M Murphy, R H Dowling
Journal: Gut (1991)

In this study gall bladder emptying patterns in response to a solid meal were studied using ultrasound. A similar triphasic pattern was seen in eight healthy control subjects and eight patients with gall stones, with 'early' and 'late' net emptying phases separated by a period of net refilling with peak postprandial gall bladder volumes occurring at (mean (SD)) 33.1 (17.9) minutes and 27.4 (18.8) minutes in control subjects and patients, respectively. A phase of slower net emptying followed, which was complete at 146 (33) minutes in control subjects and 125 (33) minutes in the gall stone patients (not significant). Superimposed upon this overall triphasic pattern, postprandial gall bladder emptying was punctuated by repeated short lived episodes of filling and emptying. The mean (SD) estimated postprandial bile outputs were 0.83 (0.34) ml/min in four control subjects and 1.2 (1.1) ml/min in seven patients with gall stones. We propose a 'washout' model to reconcile this large turnover of bile with the concentrating and storage functions of the gall bladder and predict that the extent rather than the rate of gall bladder emptying is important in determining stasis of bile in the gall bladder.
Proteomic identification of vanin-1 as a marker of kidney damage in a rat model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tim Fugmann, Beatrice Borgia, Csaba Révész, Mária Godó, Carol Forsblom, Peter Hamar, Harry Holthöfer, Dario Neri, Christoph Roesli
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
A Plea for a National Cancer Registry
Authors: Kenneth B. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  Hardly a day of a week goes by without a scary report by the media that some new process, chemical, or diet may increase the incidence of cancer. Diet, radon, radioactive waste, chemical dump sites, extra low frequency/nonionizing radiation from electric transmission lines, and ionizing radiation from nuclear power plants are a few of the alleged producers of cancer, and yet we do not know the true and possibly changing incidence of cancer in the United States.  Facts and Figures, published by the American Cancer Society, provides the best estimates of national figures. This report relies on data collected by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. This consists of data from 11 population-based registries, only 1 of which is statewide, ie, Connecticut. The latter state has maintained an excellent tumor registry since 1935 with financial help from SEER. Readers of Facts
Combined antiplatelet therapy without anticoagulation after stent implantation; the Ticlopidine Aspirin Stent Evaluation (TASTE) study
Authors: Jean-Marc Lablanche, Jean-Louis Bonnet, Gilles Grollier, Nicolas Danchin, Marc Bedossa, Christophe Leclercq, Alec Vahanian, Michel E. Bertrand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Only pharmacological doses of atrial natriuretic peptide affect intestinal ion transport in non-volume expanded rats.
Authors: R Lubcke, J Brunner, F A Hutcheson, G O Barbezat
Journal: Gut (1991)

Pharmacological doses of atrial natriuretic peptide were infused into rats to study its effect on intestinal transport. Saline control or two concentrations of rat alpha atrial natriuretic peptide (0.06 or 1.0 nmol/min/kg) were administered intravenously (1 ml) over one hour. Jejunal net transport of water and electrolytes was measured with a plasma-like luminal electrolyte solution using a 9closed loop9 technique. Distal colonic potential difference and arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously. Blood samples for analysis of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations were taken at the end of the experiments. Plasma concentrations were increased (mean (SD) (2.1 (0.5) and 24.0 (1.1) nmol/l respectively) compared with the controls (0.023 (0.016) nmol/l). Blood pressure dropped by 30% (p less than 0.05) in both groups of rats receiving atrial natriuretic peptide but remained unchanged when control saline was infused. Jejunal net absorption was reduced (p less than 0.01) only in animals receiving the higher concentration of peptide (H2O from 173 (33) to 64 (69) microliters.h-1.cm-2, Na from 25.7 (5.3) to 10.9 (8.9) mumol.h-1.cm-2). Distal colonic potential difference was not affected by atrial natriuretic peptide. In conclusion massive doses of atrial natriuretic peptide are required to produce any change in intestinal salt and water transport in normal, non-volume expanded rats; these effects could be a non-specific or 9toxic9 response.
Functional Divergence Prediction from Evolutionary Analysis: A Case Study of Vertebrate Hemoglobin
Authors: S. Gribaldo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

It is a central assumption of evolution that gene duplications provide the genetic raw material from which to create proteins with new functions. The increasing availability in multigene family sequences that has resulted from genome projects has inspired the creation of novel in silico approaches to predict details of protein function. The underlying principle of all such approaches is to compare the evolutionary properties of homologous sequence positions in paralogous proteins. It has been proposed that the positions that show switches in substitution rate over time—i.e., "heterotachous sites," are good indicators of functional divergence. Here, we analyzed the α and β paralogous subunits of hemoglobin in search for such signatures. We found as many heterotachous sites in comparisons between groups of paralogous subunits (α/β) as between orthologous ones (α/α, β/β). Thus, the importance of substitution rate shifts as predictors of specialization between protein subfamilies might be reconsidered. Instead, such shifts may reflect a more general process of protein evolution, consistent with the fact that they can be compatible with function conservation. As an alternative, we focused on those residues showing highly constrained states in two sequence groups, but different in each group, and we named them CBD (for "constant but different"). As opposed to heterotachous positions, CBD sites were markedly overrepresented in paralogous (α/β) comparisons, as opposed to orthologous ones (α/α, β/β), identifying them as likely signatures of functional specialization between the two subunits. When superimposed onto the three-dimensional structure of hemoglobin, CBD positions consistently appeared to cluster preferentially on inter-subunit surfaces, two contact areas crucial to function in vertebrate tetrameric hemoglobin. The identification and analysis of CBD sites by complementing structural information with evolutionary data may represent a promising direction for future studies dealing with the functional characterization of a growing number of multigene families identified by complete genome analyses.
Normal Viral and Bacterial Flora of the Human Small and Large Intestine
Authors: M. H. Kalser, R. Cohen, I. Arteaga, E. Yawn, L. Mayoral, W. Hoffert, D. Frazier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

DiscussionIn 1957 a collection of viruses generally regarded as transient inhabitants isolated from the lower intestinal tract in human beings and sharing certain common properties were officially designated as enteroviruses.20 Classically, these viruses are subdivided into the polioviruses, Coxsackie viruses (Groups A and B) and ECHO (enteric cytopathogenic human orphan) viruses and are characterized by their small size (17 to 30 millimicrons), having a high ribonucleic acid content in their core and a resistance to ether, and can be stabilized against inactivation by heat with the use of magnesium salts.21 22 23 Recently, the generic name picornavirus (pico = very . . .
Chronic lability of the arterial blood pressure produced by electrolytic lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii in the rat.
Authors: R A Buchholz, M A Nathan
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The purpose of this study was to assess the chronic effects of lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii on the cardiovascular activity of rats. Arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded in conscious, unrestrained rats 7-216 days following placement of electrolytic lesions in the nucleus tractus solitarii. To assess the impact of environmental stimuli on the mean level and lability of the mean arterial pressure, cardiovascular activity was recorded under conditions of controlled and uncontrolled environmental stimulation. Nucleus tractus solitarii lesions abolished the reflex bradycardia to a phenylephrine-induced elevation in arterial pressure. A marked increase in the lability of the mean arterial pressure was produced with nucleus tractus solitarii lesions. The standard deviation of the mean arterial pressure, an index of lability, was 380% greater in rats with lesions than in control rats. The average mean arterial pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability were not significantly different between the lesion and control groups, regardless of the environmental conditions under which the measurements were made. Nucleus tractus solitarii lesions also greatly exaggerated the arterial pressure response to naturally occurring behaviors, such as eating and drinking. Vagal and beta-adrenergic blockade with methyl atropine and propranolol did not alter the average level or lability of the mean arterial pressure, although heart rate responses were similar in both groups. alpha-Receptor blockade with prazosin significantly lowered the mean arterial pressure in both lesion and control rats, but the decrease in mean arterial pressure was significantly greater in rats with nucleus tractus solitarii lesions (42 +/- 6 mm Hg, 38.5%) than in control rats (27 +/- 4 mm Hg, 23.2%). Prazosin also reduced the lability of the mean arterial pressure to control levels in rats with lesions. Thus, the chronic effects of nucleus tractus solitarii lesions in rats are to abolish the cardiomotor component of the baroreflexes and to produce extreme lability of the arterial pressure without altering the average level of the mean arterial pressure. Exaggerated blood pressure responses are seen in association with various behaviors. These effects are mediated primarily by changes in sympathetic discharge to the vasculature and are independent of the ambient level of environmental stimuli.
Administration of Immune Globulin Associated With Aseptic Meningitis
Authors: Eiji Kato
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We report herein a case of aseptic meningitis probably caused by administration of immune globulin, which resulted in headache, vomiting, and fever. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 2-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital on April 29, 1986, for treatment of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. She was treated with 20 mg/d of corticosteroids for four weeks, but no rise in platelet count occurred. After three more days of this therapy, she was given 100 mg/d of hydrocortisone intravenously, followed by 0.4 g/kg/d of immune globulin prepared with polyethylene glycol for five days. Seven days after this therapy, she experienced headache and vomiting. Her temperature rose to 38.5°C and neck stiffness developed. The white blood cell count was 15.6 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L (15 600/mm<sup>3</sup>), with 0.04 (4%) band forms, 0.64 (64%) segmented neutrophils, 0.27 (27%) lymphocytes, and no eosinophils. Tests for C-reactive protein were negative. The
Pursuit and practice of complementary therapies by cancer patients receiving conventional treatment
Authors: S M Downer, M M Cody, P McCluskey, P D Wilson, S J Arnott, T A Lister, M L Slevin
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine what proportion of oncology patients receiving conventional medical treatment also use complementary treatments; to assess which complementary treatments are the most popular and to assess patients9 motivation for using them; to evaluate associated advantages and risks. <b>Design</b>: Postal screening questionnaire followed by semistructured interview. <b>Setting</b>: Two hospitals in inner London. Subjects—600 unselected oncology patients aged 18 or over who had known their diagnosis of cancer for at least three months. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence and demography of use of complementary therapies; patients9 motivation and expectations of complementary therapies; areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction associated with conventional and complementary therapies. <b>Results</b>: 415 (69%) patients returned the questionnaire. 16% had used complementary therapies. The most popular were healing, relaxation, visualisation, diets, homoeopathy, vitamins, herbalism, and the Bristol approach. Patients using complementary therapies tended to be younger, of higher social class, and female. Three quarters used two or more therapies. Therapies were mostly used for anticipated antitumour effect. Ill effects of diets and herb treatments were described. Satisfaction with both conventional and complementary therapies was high, although diets often caused difficulties. Patients using complementary therapies were less satisfied with conventional treatments, largely because of side effects and lack of hope of cure. Benefits of complementary therapies were mainly psychological. <b>Conclusions</b>: A sizeable percentage of patients receiving conventional treatments for cancer also use complementary therapies. Patient satisfaction with complementary therapies, other than dietary therapies, was high even without the hoped for anticancer effect. Patients reported psychological benefits such as hope and optimism.
Abstract 5126: A poor prognosis subtype of HNSCC is consistently observed acrossmethylome, transcriptome and miRNome analysis.
Authors: Alain C. Jung, Sylvie Job, Sonia Ledrappier, Christine Macabre, Joseph Abecassis, Aurélien de Reynies, Bohdan Wasylyk
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Distant metastasis after treatment is observed in about 20% of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). In the absence of any validated robust biomarker, patients at higher risk for metastasis cannot be provided with appropriate therapy. In order to identify prognostic HNSCC molecular subgroups and potential biomarkers, we have performed genome-wide integrated analysis of four omic sets of data. Material and methods: Using state-of-the art technologies, a core of 45 metastasizing and 52 non-metastasizing HNSCC patient samples were analyzed at four different levels: gene expression (transcriptome), DNA methylation (methylome), DNA copy number (genome) and miRNA expression (miRNome). Molecular subgroups were identified by a model-based clustering analysis, and their clinical relevance was evaluated by survival analysis. Results: Transcriptome, methylome and miRNome patient subgroups with shorter metastasis-free survival were identified. A contingency analysis uncovered a R1 group of common tumors, which predicts metastasis occurrence with a higher statistical power than individual omic data sets. R1 and non-R1 samples display similar DNA copy number landscapes, but more frequent chromosomal aberrations are observed in the R1 cluster (especially loss at 13q14.2-3). R1 tumors are characterized by alterations of signaling pathways involved in cell-cell adhesion, EMT, immune response and apoptosis. Conclusions: Integration of data across several omic profiles leads to better selection of patients at risk, identification of relevant molecular pathways of metastasis, and potential to discover biomarkers and drug targets. Citation Format: Alain C. Jung, Sylvie Job, Sonia Ledrappier, Christine Macabre, Joseph Abecassis, Aurélien de Reynies, Bohdan Wasylyk. A poor prognosis subtype of HNSCC is consistently observed acrossmethylome, transcriptome and miRNome analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5126
Long-term outcome of keratolimbal allograft with or without penetrating keratoplasty for total limbal stem cell deficiency
Authors: Abraham Solomon, Pierre Ellies, David F Anderson, Amel Touhami, Martin Grueterich, Edgar M Espana, Seng-Ei Ti, Eiki Goto, William J Feuer, Scheffer C.G Tseng
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
The treatment of the type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with the combined administration of midodrine and octreotide
Authors: P. Angeli, R. Volpin, G. Gerunda, R. Craighero, P. Con, L. Caregaro, C. Merkel, A. Sticca, A. Maffei-Faccioli, A. Gatta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Pronunciations of Discontent
Authors: JEREMY NOBEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Ad Libitum1 January 1986Pronunciations of DiscontentJEREMY NOBEL, M.D.JEREMY NOBEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-138_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerptfor Mark and JaneChest PainIschemia.Low flow to the heart.Cardiac insufficiency bringsA clenched fist to the chestDiaphoresis, nausea, vomitingAnd a sense of impending doom.This is worseIn cold weather orAfter eating a large meal.It seems not to be pain exactly, butMore a dull pressure, like homesickness.An emptiness that fails to fill andWon't allow itself to be forgotten.Head PainVasodilatation.Swelling of the brain.The oatmeal of cerebral cortex oozesagainst the ceramic bowl of the skullAnd spills over into agony.It is often encounteredWith alcohol,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1986Volume 104, Issue 1Page: 138-138KeywordsBrainEatingHeartInflammationIschemiaNauseaSkullThoraxVasodilationVomiting Issue Published: 1 January 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
The pharmacological exploitation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, the key enzyme in bile acid synthesis: from binding resins to chromatin remodelling to reduce plasma cholesterol
Authors: Federica Gilardi, Nico Mitro, Cristina Godio, Elena Scotti, Donatella Caruso, Maurizio Crestani, Emma De Fabiani
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2007)
ETIOLOGY OF ECLAMPSIA.
Authors: CHARLES B. REED
Journal: JAMA (1899)

It would seem as if some apology was necessary for again presenting to the society a paper on the etiology of eclampsia after the subject had been so exhaustively discussed by the eminent essayist of a year ago, but the great importance of the subject and a desire that the society may use its opportunities to experiment and investigate in a new direction is sufficient justification. The year has brought forth some new material which is extremely suggestive and of great interest in this connection. The etiologic agents which have been so thoroughly discussed and rediscussed are doubtless familiar to all, and will receive no mention further than the statement that for the purpose of this paper all phenomena in connection with the brain, ureters and urine, to which hitherto etiologic importance has been attributed, are not to be regarded as etiologic factors, but only as results or at most
Regression of Human Mammary Adenocarcinoma by Systemic Administration of a Recombinant Gene Encoding the hFlex-TRAIL Fusion Protein
Authors: Xiaofeng Wu, Yukai He, Louis D. Falo, Kam M. Hui, Leaf Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL, is a new member of the TNF family. It can specifically induce apoptosis in a variety of human tumors. To investigate the possibility of employing the TRAIL gene for systemic cancer therapy, we constructed a recombinant gene encoding the soluble form of the human Flt3L gene (hFlex) at the 5′ end and the human TRAIL gene at the 3′ end. Such design allows the TRAIL gene product to be secreted into the body circulation. We have also demonstrated that the addition of an isoleucine zipper to the N-terminal of TRAIL greatly enhanced the trimerization of the fusion protein and dramatically increased its anti-tumor activity. The fusion protein reached the level of 16–38 μg/ml in the serum after a single administration of the recombinant gene by hydrodynamic-based gene delivery in mice. A high level of the fusion protein correlated with the regression of a human breast tumor established in SCID mice. No apparent toxicity was observed in the SCID mouse model. In addition, the fusion protein caused an expansion of the dendritic cell population in the C57BL/6 recipient mice, indicating that the hFlex component of the fusion protein was functional. Thus, the hFlex-TRAIL fusion protein may provide a novel approach, with the possible involvement of dendritic cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity, for the treatment of TRAIL-sensitive tumors.
C1GALT1 Enhances Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Modulating MET Glycosylation and Dimerization
Authors: Yao-Ming Wu, Chiung-Hui Liu, Miao-Juei Huang, Hong-Shiee Lai, Po-Huang Lee, Rey-Heng Hu, Min-Chuan Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Altered glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer. The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) controls the formation of mucin-type O-glycans, far overlooked and underestimated in cancer. Here, we report that C1GALT1 mRNA and protein are frequently overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tumors compared with nontumor liver tissues, where it correlates with advanced tumor stage, metastasis, and poor survival. Enforced expression of C1GALT1 was sufficient to enhance cell proliferation, whereas RNA interference-mediated silencing of C1GALT1 was sufficient to suppress cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, C1GALT1 attenuation also suppressed hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated phosphorylation of the MET kinase in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, whereas enforced expression of C1GALT1 enhanced MET phosphorylation. MET blockade with PHA665752 inhibited C1GALT1-enhanced cell viability. In support of these results, we found that the expression level of phospho-MET and C1GALT1 were associated in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Mechanistic investigations showed that MET was decorated with O-glycans, as revealed by binding to Vicia villosa agglutinin and peanut agglutinin. Moreover, C1GALT1 modified the O-glycosylation of MET, enhancing its HGF-induced dimerization and activation. Together, our results indicate that C1GALT1 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma activates HGF signaling via modulation of MET O-glycosylation and dimerization, providing new insights into how O-glycosylation drives hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis.
Chinese man died three years ago of avian flu, not SARS
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Chinese scientists have said that a man who died of suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in November 2003 in fact died of the H5N1 strain of avian flu. The information came to light in a letter published on 22 June in the New England Journal of Medicine (2006;354: 2731-2).

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A Chinese child passes a chicken market in Nan Jiang this month

Credit: EMPICS

The letter is the first documented evidence that H5N1 bird flu was circulating in China long before the authorities there confirmed the first human case in the country in 2005. Furthermore, the case it describes precedes the fatal cases of H5N1 bird flu in humans in Vietnam and Thailand. The information in the letter is …

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