tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of exogenous materials on pollen tube growth in Lilium longiflorum pistils.
Authors: P D Ascher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

With the use of stigmatic exudate or distilled water as carriers, various antimetabolites, inhibitors, and miscellaneous materials were injected into the hollow styles of detached Lilium longiflorum pistils before, at, or after compatible or incompatible pollination. Pollen tube lengths were measured 48 hr after pollination with pollinated styles incubated at 22-23 degrees C. Substances considered inhibitors of protein synthesis in microbial systems significantly retarded both compatible and incompatible pollen tube growth while inhibitors of RNA synthesis tended to significantly inhibit compatible pollen tube growth with less or no effect on incompatible pollen tubes. Application of the inhibitors in stigmatic exudate at or after compatible pollination produced significant results at the lowest concentrations. Significant retardation of pollen tube growth also occurred after injection of 2,4-dinitrophenol, mercaptoethanol, indoleacetic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, benzyladenine, dimethyl sulfoxide, or potassium or sodium iodide. Pollen tube growth in detached pistils of L. longiflorum may be useful as a bioassay in situ for screening biologically active materials.
A Study of Two Unusual Blood-group Antigens in West Africans
Authors: J. N. M. Chalmers, E. W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The case is described of a young Asian woman with massive rectal haemorrhage during and after pregnancy. Barium radiology showed aphthoid ulcers in the colon and changes in the ileum suggesting tuberculosis. Colonoscopy revealed hyperplastic ulceration in the terminal ileum and culture of biopsies from this area grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient made a full and rapid recovery on anti-tuberculous therapy. Colonic aphthoid ulceration has not previously been recorded, radiologically, in intestinal tuberculosis.
Identification and characterization of guinea pig angiotensin II ventricular and atrial receptors: coupling to inositol phosphate production.
Authors: K M Baker, H A Singer
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Angiotensin II elicits a receptor-mediated positive inotropic response in cardiac tissue from most mammalian species by activating voltage-sensitive slow Ca2+ channels. In the guinea pig, we confirm there is no in vitro contractile force development in bioassay systems using isolated hearts or left atrial tissue in response to angiotensin peptides. However, 125I-angiotensin II binding sites that have the characteristics of a membrane receptor were identified in ventricular (myocardial) and atrial membrane preparations from guinea pigs. In ventricles, saturation-binding data yielded an optimal fit to a two-site model with a high-affinity site Kd1 = 3.6 +/- 0.7 nM and a low-affinity site Kd2 = 433 +/- 126 nM and binding capacities of 66 +/- 10 and 821 +/- 49 fmol/mg protein, respectively. In atria, saturation binding data yielded an optimal fit to a two-site model with a high-affinity site Kd1 = 1.6 nM and a low-affinity site Kd2 = 300 nM and capacities of 145 and 752 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The ventricular binding of 125I-angiotensin II was stimulated approximately twofold in the presence of the divalent cations calcium and magnesium (10 mM). Nonhydrolyzable analogues of guanosine triphosphate increased the dissociation rate of the bound 125I-angiotensin II and decreased hormone binding to the receptor at equilibrium. Competition for 125I-angiotensin II binding by an agonist-antagonist analogue series correlated with previous studies obtained in the rabbit, a mammal in which inotropic responses to angiotensin II were demonstrated. The data indicate the presence of angiotensin II myocardial and atrial receptors and a G-type coupling protein in guinea pig. Although this species lacks an inotropic response to angiotensin peptides, there is a dose-dependent increase in inositol-1-phosphate production in response to angiotensin II, and this response is blocked by the selective angiotensin II antagonist [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lipoylated and unlipoylated domains of human PDC-E2 as autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis: Significance of lipoate attachment
Authors: Janet Quinn, Austin G. Diamond, Jeremy M. Palmer, Margaret F. Bassendine, Oliver F. W. James, Stephen J. Yeaman
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Approximately 95% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have antimitochondrial antibodies against the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E2p). Immunodominant sites on E2p have been localized to the inner lipoyl domain, which serves as a covalent attachment site for the essential cofactor, lipoic acid. However, it is not clear whether the presence of lipoic acid is necessary for autoimmune recognition of human E2p. To facilitate further studies on the inner lipoyl domain and to assess the importance of lipoic acid in antibody binding, we used the previously cloned human E2p cDNA in the construction and high-level expression in Escherichia coli of a subgene encoding the domain. Purification and analysis of the gene product revealed that both lipoylated and unlipoylated forms of the intact domain are generated. Immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition experiments and antibody affinity measurements using isolated lipoylated and unlipoylated domains demonstrated that the presence of the lipoyl residue is crucial for effective recognition by primary biliary cirrhosis patients’ autoantibodies, which have a higher relative affinity for the lipoylated form. Contrary to some previous suggestions, these results indicate that antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis patients’ sera bind most effectively to a unique peptide-cofactor conformation in the lipoyl domain of the human E2p polypeptide. Moreover, the availability of large amounts of human lipoyl domain will permit further studies into the role of the antigen (if any) in disease pathogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1384-1391.)
Correlates of Echocardiographic Indices of Cardiac Remodeling Over the Adult Life Course
Authors: Susan Cheng, Vanessa Xanthakis, Lisa M. Sullivan, Wolfgang Lieb, Joseph Massaro, Jayashri Aragam, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— The heart progressively remodels over the life course, yet longitudinal data characterizing such remodeling in the community are limited. Methods and Results— Using multilevel modeling, we analyzed up to 4 serial echocardiographic observations obtained over a 16-year period in 4062 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age 45 years, 54% women; 11 485 person-observations). We related left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, LV systolic and diastolic dimensions, and fractional shortening to age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure (including antihypertensive medication use), smoking, and diabetes mellitus (separate analyses for each echocardiographic measure). With advancing age, LV dimensions decreased, whereas fractional shortening and LV wall thickness increased concomitantly. Male sex, body mass index, and blood pressure indices/hypertension treatment were significantly related to both greater LV dimensions and LV wall thickness. The effect of age on cardiac remodeling was influenced by key covariates ( P &lt;0.05 for all interactions): Women and individuals with diabetes mellitus experienced greater age-associated increases in LV wall thickness; presence of diabetes or a higher blood pressure was associated with a lesser decrease in LV diastolic dimensions with increasing age; and antihypertensive medication use was a marker of an attenuated increase in fractional shortening with aging. Conclusions— Cardiac remodeling over the adult life course is characterized by a distinct pattern of increasing LV wall thickness, decreasing LV dimensions, and increasing fractional shortening with advancing age. Overall, female sex, greater blood pressure load, and presence of diabetes mellitus serve to attenuate this remodeling pattern. These observations suggest a mechanism for the preponderance of women with hypertension and individuals with diabetes among patients with diastolic heart failure.
Renal Bed Recurrence of Renal Cell Carcinoma Detected on the Vascular Phases of Dynamic Skeletal Scintigraphy
Authors: P. S. ROBINSON, I. SURVEYOR, M. BLAKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The blood flow and tissue phase images of dynamic scintigraphy may reveal unsuspected vascular lesions. Following nephrectomy, vascular activity in the renal bed usually reflects mesenteric vasculature. It has been speculated that metastases from renal cell carcinoma are insufficiently vascularized to produce a tumor blush. The authors report a case in which vascular activity in the renal bed on dynamic skeletal scintigraphy led to the discovery of a metastasis or local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. A literature search has not revealed a similar case.
IS HYPOSPADIAS A BAR TO MARRIAGE?
Authors: D. Noble
Journal: BMJ (1853)

M±icx 18, medicine which I gave him in the summer.This is the most marked case I have ever Been, for the man was a per- fect martyr (I had known him as such for three years and a-half) to diarrhoea, dyspepsia, and hypochondriasis.CASE II.W. G., a strong healthy-looking man, but often afflicted with diarrhaoa, applied on February 5th.Hle com- plained of constant pain in the bowels; great flatulence; thirst ; and incessant purging; the stools being watery and colourless.Two doses of the acid effected a perfect cure.On February 27th he applied again: the same treatment was employed, with the same results.CA9S iii.F. WV., a delicate-looking, unhealthy indi- vidual, applied for relief.IIe had griping pains; great distension of the bowels; a white creamy tongue, with red edges; and profuse watery and colourless dejectious.He was relieved by three doses of the acid.CASE iv.Last week I determined to try the effect of this remedy in that form of diarrhoea, which is beyond all others so difficult to arrest, because usually dependent on different and muchb more serious causes-that of the last stage of phthisis.No benefit had been obtained latterly from the ordinary astringents, with chalk and opium; and
INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS IN RENAL ALLOGRAFTS AFTER 12 TO 46 MONTHS OF CYCLOSPORIN TREATMENT: BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF LOW DOSES IN EARLY POST-TRANSPLANTATION PERIOD
Authors: Göran Klintmalm, Birgitta Sundelin, Sven-Olof Bohman, Henryk Wilczek
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
UK Biobank: An Open Access Resource for Identifying the Causes of a Wide Range of Complex Diseases of Middle and Old Age
Authors: Cathie Sudlow, John Gallacher, Naomi Allen, Valerie Beral, Paul Burton, John Danesh, Paul Downey, Paul Elliott, Jane Green, Martin Landray, Bette Liu, Paul Matthews, Giok Ong, Jill Pell, Alan Silman, Alan Young, Tim Sprosen, Tim Peakman, Rory Collins
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Cathie Sudlow and colleagues describe the UK Biobank, a large population-based prospective study, established to allow investigation of the genetic and non-genetic determinants of the diseases of middle and old age.
Commentary: severe varicella/zoster and adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients.
Authors: W R Weir
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Morice, Lai of symptoms, and the late onset ofthe vesicular rash.As a result of our experience in this case we recommend that varicella zoster antibodies should be measured in all patients receiving methotrexate and, if the result is negative, patients should be advised to seek medical attention when there is contact with chickenpox so that passive immunisation with varicella zos- ter immunoglobulins can be given.Active immunisation with varicella vaccine is available at present in the UK on a named patient basis.Trials with the vaccine have been performed in healthy adults and in healthy children and those suffering from leukaemia.More than 95% ofhealthy children seroconvert following vaccination, and more than 90% are fully protected on subsequent exposure to the virus.In children with leukaemia two doses were required to induce seroconversion in 90%, with a protection rate of 85%.In healthy adults seroconversion was harder to achieve and there was a lower protection rate of 70%.67 Pro- tection ofimmunosuppressed adults may there- fore be harder to achieve and, at present, active vaccination cannot be recommended.In- creased awareness, prevention of exposure, passive immunisation, and antiviral therapy are all required in the management of this com- plication of immunosuppression.
Effects of Adenovirus-Mediated Human Apo A-I Gene Transfer on Neointima Formation After Endothelial Denudation in Apo E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Bart De Geest, Zhian Zhao, Désiré Collen, Paul Holvoet
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Inactivation of apolipoprotein (apo) E genes in mice markedly increases β-VLDL levels and accelerates progression of complex atherosclerotic lesions. The present study investigated (1) the effect of apo E deficiency (apo E -/- ) on neointima formation after endothelial denudation; and (2) the effect of increased HDL, induced by adenovirus-mediated transfer of a human apo A-I gene, on neointima formation. Methods and Results Guidewire-induced abrasion of the endothelium of the common carotid artery did not produce neointima formation within 18 days after injury in C57BL/6J mice (n=12) but was associated with an intima/media ratio of 0.82±0.25 in age-matched C57BL/6J apo E −/− mice (n=12). Neointima consisted primarily of smooth muscle α-actin positive cells. Injection in C57BL/6J apo E −/− mice of 2×10 9 (n=5) or 4×10 9 (n=7) plaque forming units (p.f.u.) of a recombinant human apo A-I adenovirus 3 days before injury resulted in an increase of HDL cholesterol from 36±5 to 75±3 mg/dL ( P &lt;.05) and to 96±13 mg/dL ( P &lt;.05), respectively, and of the HDL cholesterol/non–HDL cholesterol ratio from 0.063±0.003 to 0.15±0.01 ( P &lt;.05) and to 0.16±0.015 ( P &lt;.05), respectively. Intima/media ratio decreased to 0.28±0.06 ( P =NS versus C57BL/6J apo E −/− mice) with 2×10 9 p.f.u. of apo A-I virus and to 0.03±0.01 with 4×10 9 p.f.u. ( P &lt;.01 versus C57BL/6J apo E −/− mice). Injection of 4×10 9 p.f.u. of RR5 (n=7) or tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) control virus (n=6) did not result in a significant alteration of HDL cholesterol (44±11 and 26±4 mg/dL, respectively) nor in a reduction of intima/media ratio (0.81±0.35 and 0.86±0.23, respectively). Conclusions Apo E deficiency is associated with increased neointima formation after endothelial denudation. Gene transfer of apo A-I increases HDL cholesterol and significantly reduces neointima formation, which suggests a direct vascular protective effect of HDL.
Fast <sup>23</sup> Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Reperfused Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Raymond J. Kim, Joao A. C. Lima, Enn-Ling Chen, Scott B. Reeder, Francis J. Klocke, Elias A. Zerhouni, Robert M. Judd
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The ability of the myocyte to maintain an ionic concentration gradient is perhaps the best indication of myocardial viability. We studied the relationship of 23Na MRI intensity to viability and explored the potential of fast-imaging techniques to reduce 23Na imaging times in rabbits and dogs.Eighteen rabbits underwent in situ coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. The hearts were then either imaged following isolation and perfusion with cardioplegic solution (n = 6), imaged in vivo (n = 6), or analyzed for 23Na content and relaxation times (n = 12). Normal rabbits (n = 6) and dogs (n = 4) were imaged to examine the effect of animal size on 23Na image quality. 23Na imaging times were 7, 11, and 4 minutes for isolated rabbits, in vivo rabbits, and in vivo dogs, respectively. Infarcted, reperfused regions, identified by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, showed a significant elevation in 23Na image intensity compared with viable regions (isolated, 42 +/- 5%, P < .02; in vivo, 95 +/- 6%, P < .001), consistent with increased tissue sodium content. Similarly, 23Na MR spectroscopy showed that [Na+] was higher in nonviable than viable myocardium (isolated, 99 +/- 4 versus 61 +/- 2 mmol/L; in vivo, 91 +/- 2 versus 38 +/- 1 mmol/L; P < .001 for both). Image signal-to-noise ratios were higher in dogs than rabbits despite shorter imaging times, primarily due to larger voxels.Following acute infarction with reperfusion, a regional increase in 23Na MR image intensity is associated with nonviable myocardium. Fast gradient-echo imaging techniques reduce 23Na imaging times to a few minutes, suggesting that 23Na MR imaging has the potential to become a useful experimental and clinical tool.
Mandatory Continuing Education
Authors: Clement R. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The heroic age of American medicine, responsive to the leadership of Welch, Osler, and their many colleagues, contemporaries, and "pupils,"<sup>1</sup>established two basic principles essential for achieving the goals of medical excellence and a high quality of medical care: (1) the physical, biological, social, and behavioral sciences must provide the underpinning of medical education; (2) the physician must remain "a lifelong student"! (In one sense, this soubriquet has been harmful, since educators until recent years have continued to think of the physician in the same role model as their concept of the medical student, a receptacle for information and wisdom, rather than as a mature professional making critical decisions each working day of his life. For a thoughtful discussion of this point, see Groen.<sup>2</sup>) Now, three quarters of a century later, the flowering of medicine through advances in scientific knowledge is evident to everyone. But medical educators still
Survival of the fittest: Selection of hepatitis C virus variants during liver graft reinfection
Authors: Ingmar Mederacke, Thomas von Hahn
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

End-stage liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause for liver transplantation (LT). Due to viral evasion from host immune responses and the absence of preventive antiviral strategies, reinfection of the graft is universal. The mechanisms by which the virus evades host immunity to reinfect the liver graft are unknown. In a longitudinal analysis of six HCV-infected patients undergoing LT, we demonstrate that HCV variants reinfecting the liver graft were characterized by efficient entry and poor neutralization by antibodies present in pretransplant serum compared with variants not detected after transplantation. Monoclonal antibodies directed against HCV envelope glycoproteins or a cellular entry factor efficiently cross-neutralized infection of human hepatocytes by patient-derived viral isolates that were resistant to autologous host-neutralizing responses. These findings provide significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of viral evasion during HCV reinfection and suggest that viral entry is a viable target for prevention of HCV reinfection of the liver graft.
ACUTE INFECTIVE POLYNEURITIS
Authors: C. Pinckney
Journal: BMJ (1936)

MZIA OURNAL Iron DeficiencyGood therapeutic results, together with other facts, have caused many investigators to regard these anaemic conditions as deficiency diseases.It is thought that an insufficient supply of iron may be of primary aetiological significance.This deficiency in iron is caused partly by food poor in iron, partly by decreased absorption of iron from food because of digestive disturbances.Woman, owing to menstruation, pregnancy, and lactation, has a larger ex-
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE DENTIST AND PHYSICIAN IN REGARD TO MOUTH INFECTIONS AND THEIR RELATION TO CONSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS
Authors: THOMAS B. HARTZELL
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The human mouth is the largest portal through which infectious micro-organisms may enter the body. Almost all varieties of pathogenic bacteria have been found in the human mouth. The gastric juices afford little protection against them. Charles Mayo<sup>1</sup>says: Microscopic examination of gastric extracts made by Smithies from 2,406 different individuals with "stomach complaint" (dyspepsia, indigestion and the like) showed that irrespective of the degree of acidity of such gastric extracts, bacteria were present in 87 per cent. Morphologically cocci and diplococci were present in 83 per cent.; short and long rods (often of the colon group) in 58 per cent.; typical streptococci and staphylococci in 17 per cent., and<i>Leptothrix buccalis</i>in 24 per cent. In fifty-four cultural studies of saliva from "dyspeptic" patients, streptococci and staphylococci were demonstrated in over 80 per cent., bacilli in 66 per cent., and<i>Leptothrix buccalis</i>in more than 14 per cent.
Hyperthyroidism and Urticaria-Reply
Authors: H. L. N. MacKechnie
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I read the letter of Dr Ertel with interest and appreciate the opportunity to respond to it. At Ford Hospital, we have also seen a case wherein the first manifestation of recurrent Graves' disease after methimazole treatment was a recurrence of the patient's urticaria and angioedema. There was no mention of urticaria or angioedema in the second case Dr Ertel described, but it was important for the relationship with the severe pruritus to be recognized as hyperthyroidism. At no point in my original response did I emphasize the rarity of the association between urticaria and hyperthyroidism, but I did state that it was uncommon. In fact, as stated, I routinely order tests to assess thyroid function in patients presenting to the allergy clinic with urticaria, especially in young females, in whom thyroid disease is more commonly seen. Difficulty arises in the older patient, in whom the clinical features
In situ analysis of pancreatic islets in rats developing diabetes. Appearance of nonendocrine cells with surface MHC class II antigens and cytoplasmic insulin immunoreactivity.
Authors: P A In't Veld, D G Pipeleers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Aberrant expression of MHC class II molecules on endocrine cells has been proposed to induce autoimmune reactions in thyroid and endocrine pancreas. The present study examines whether MHC class II positive insulin-containing islet cells occur at the onset of diabetes in rats, in analogy to the findings in man. At the onset of diabetes, both streptozotocin-treated and diabetes-prone BB rats exhibited numerous class II positive islet cells that presented ultrastructural features of monocytes and were surrounded by class II negative islet B cells. These class II positive cells were characterized by vacuoles that contained insulin immunoreactive granules and disrupted membranes. Similar cells also appeared positive for the monocyte marker OX-42. The presence of class II positive monocytes with insulin-containing vacuoles may indicate a removal of damage B cells by infiltrating leukocytes. A similar electron microscopical study in man will be necessary to distinguish the putative endocrine pancreatic B cells with aberrant class II expression from infiltrating nonendocrine class II positive cells with insulin-containing phagosomes.