tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heartburn treatment in primary care: randomised, double blind study for 8 weeks
Authors: J. G Hatlebakk, A. Hyggen, P. H Madsen, P. O Walle, T. Schulz, P. Mowinckel, T. Bernklev, A. Berstad
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare the effects and tolerability of omeprazole and cisapride with that of placebo for control of heartburn in primary care patients. <b>Design:</b> Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study <b>Setting:</b> 65 primary care practices in Norway <b>Participants:</b> 483 untreated patients with complaints of heartburn ≥3 days a week, with at most grade 1 reflux oesophagitis <b>Interventions:</b> Omeprazole 20 mg once daily, cisapride 20 mg twice daily, or placebo for 8 weeks <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Adequate control of heartburn, defined as ≥1 day of the past 7 days with no more than mild heartburn, after 4 weeks of treatment. <b>Results:</b> In the all patients treated analysis, adequate control of heartburn was achieved in 71% of patients taking omeprazole, 22% taking cisapride, and 18% taking placebo after 4 weeks of treatment (omeprazole <i>v</i> cisapride and placebo, P&lt;0.0001; cisapride <i>v</i> placebo, non-significant). Results were comparable in patients with or without reflux oesophagitis. In patients treated with omeprazole only, symptom control was achieved significantly more often in patients positive for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. Antacid use was 2-3 times greater in patients taking cisapride or placebo than in those taking omeprazole. Relief of non-reflux symptoms did not significantly differ between the three groups. Significantly more patients taking cisapride reported adverse events than those taking omeprazole or placebo. <b>Conclusions:</b> Omeprazole 20 mg once daily was highly effective in relieving heartburn whereas cisapride 20 mg twice daily was not significantly more effective than placebo. <h3>Key messages</h3> In primary care patients, heartburn is commonly treated empirically Most randomised clinical trials of treatment for heartburn have been conducted in specialist care, and documentation for empirical treatment is limited Omeprazole was significantly more effective than cisapride or placebo in controlling heartburn and other symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux after 2, 4 and 8 weeks, whereas cisapride did not differ significantly from placebo Omeprazole should be considered as a first choice for empirical treatment of heartburn in primary care
Retention of in vitro and in vivo BMP-2 bioactivities in sustained delivery vehicles for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Diederik H.R. Kempen, Lichun Lu, Teresa E. Hefferan, Laura B. Creemers, Avudaiappan Maran, Kelly L. Classic, Wouter J.A. Dhert, Michael J. Yaszemski
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis in Young Males
Authors: Michael Knoflach, Stefan Kiechl, Michaela Kind, Michael Said, Robert Sief, Martin Gisinger, Ruurd van der Zee, Hill Gaston, Elmer Jarosch, Johann Willeit, Georg Wick
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Necropsy studies suggest that atherosclerosis begins in childhood, but in vivo confirmation of this concept is sparse and limited to selected population samples. Furthermore, new risk concepts of atherosclerosis focusing on inflammation, infections, and immunity have not yet been evaluated in this age group. Methods and Results— This study was conducted in a sample of 141 17- to 18-year-old white males homogenous in age and sex. In addition to classic risk factors, C-reactive protein and the humoral and cellular immune reactivity to heat-shock proteins (HSPs) were assessed. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was quantified at 4 vessel segments of the carotid and femoral arteries. High IMT was considered to be present if the IMT of at least 1 vessel segment exceeded the 90th percentile. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, cigarette smoking, high diastolic blood pressure, prominent immune reactivity to human and/or mycobacterial HSP60s, alcohol consumption (inverse), and low HDL cholesterol levels were all associated with high IMT. The prevalence of high IMT substantially increased from 0 to 60% when the number of risk conditions in a single individual increased from 0 to 4 ( P &lt;0.001 for linear trend). Conclusions— Our study supports the concept that atherosclerosis begins in the first decades of life and suggests a role of the immune system, especially immunoreactivity against HSP60s, in atherosclerosis of young individuals.
Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Homing
Authors: L J Picker, E C Butcher
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1992)

The lymphoid system is functionally compartmentalized in vivo into discrete primary, secondary, and tertiary lymphoid organs. Primary lymphoid tissues--the bone marrow and thymus--are responsible for the production of mature "virgin" lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid tissues--lymph nodes, the spleen, and gut-associated lymphoid tissues--are specialized for the accumulation and presentation of antigen to both virgin and memory lymphocyte subsets. The remainder of the body's tissues may be considered "tertiary" lymphoid tissues, in that they normally contain only a few lymphoid elements, but in the setting of inflammation can be induced to recruit unique subsets of primarily memory lymphocytes. Each lymphoid tissue is further subdivided into discrete microenvironments, each characterized by a distinct complement of lymphocyte subsets and stromal cells. Lymphocyte homing comprises the physiologic processes by which lymphocytes seek out and localize to particular tissues and to specific microenvironments therein. Homing mechanisms play a major role in the maintenance of these specialized microenvironments and are critical for the dispersal and targeting of naive and memory lymphocyte populations that are required for effective immune surveillance. Here, we provide a brief overview of mechanisms thought to control the homing of lymphocyte populations in vivo, focusing in particular on the adhesive interactions involved in lymphocyte-endothelial cell recognition and in the selective extravasation of lymphocyte populations into secondary and tertiary lymphoid tissues.
Triggering through CD16 or phorbol esters enhances adhesion of NK cells to laminin via very late antigen 6.
Authors: A Gismondi, F Mainiero, S Morrone, G Palmieri, M Piccoli, L Frati, A Santoni
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Very late antigens VLA-1, VLA-2, VLA-3, and VLA-6, belonging to the beta 1 subfamily of integrins, have been identified as receptors for different binding domains of laminin (LM). We have detected VLA-6, but not VLA-1 and VLA-2 on a subset (50-70%) of fresh peripheral blood CD3-, CD16+, CD56+ human natural killer (NK) cells by immunofluorimetric and biochemical analysis. Binding assays performed on LM-coated plates showed that 10-15% of NK cells spontaneously adhere to LM, and this adhesion is mediated by VLA-6. Activation of NK cells through CD16 triggering or by phorbol ester results in a rapid increase of adhesion to LM, which is still mediated by VLA-6. The enhanced adhesiveness is not associated with changes in beta 1 LM receptor expression, while it correlates with changes in the phosphorylation status of alpha 6 subunit. The expression of VLA-6 on NK cells and the modulation of its avidity by activating stimuli may be relevant for NK cell migration and tissue location during inflammation or immune response.
Women and Lung Disease. Sex Differences and Global Health Disparities
Authors: Kent E. Pinkerton, Mary Harbaugh, MeiLan K. Han, Claude Jourdan Le Saux, Laura S. Van Winkle, William J. Martin, Rose J. Kosgei, E. Jane Carter, Nicole Sitkin, Suzette M. Smiley-Jewell, Maureen George
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

There is growing evidence that a number of pulmonary diseases affect women differently and with a greater degree of severity than men. The causes for such sex disparity is the focus of this Blue Conference Perspective review, which explores basic cellular and molecular mechanisms, life stages, and clinical outcomes based on environmental, sociocultural, occupational, and infectious scenarios, as well as medical health beliefs. Owing to the breadth of issues related to women and lung disease, we present examples of both basic and clinical concepts that may be the cause for pulmonary disease disparity in women. These examples include those diseases that predominantly affect women, as well as the rising incidence among women for diseases traditionally occurring in men, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sociocultural implications of pulmonary disease attributable to biomass burning and infectious diseases among women in low- to middle-income countries are reviewed, as are disparities in respiratory health among sexual minority women in high-income countries. The implications of the use of complementary and alternative medicine by women to influence respiratory disease are examined, and future directions for research on women and respiratory health are provided.
Communication about sexual problems and sexual concerns in ovarian cancer: qualitative study
Authors: M. L Stead, L. Fallowfield, J. M Brown, P. Selby
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The assumption that ovarian cancer and its treatment (hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and chemotherapy) have considerable psychosexual effects is reasonable.Studies in other gynaecological cancers show that sexual activity is affected and that communication about this topic is poor. 1-4These issues have been neglected in ovarian cancer, so this qualitative study explored its psychosexual impact and the level of communication between women and healthcare professionals about sexual issues.
A randomized phase II study of ixabepilone (BMS-247550) given daily × 5 days every 3 weeks or weekly in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study
Authors: B.A. Burtness, J. Manola, R. Axelrod, A. Argiris, A.A. Forastiere
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in three American Indian populations. A comparison of the 1997 American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria and the 1985 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria: the Strong Heart Study.
Authors: E T Lee, B V Howard, O Go, P J Savage, R R Fabsitz, D C Robbins, T K Welty
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: In 1997, the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended three new sets of criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes that were different from those established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1985. One of these three methods was based on a fasting plasma glucose value only. This article compares ADA criteria with WHO criteria by applying them to three subgroups of American Indians in the Strong Heart Study who had no known diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Strong Heart Study is a prospective epidemiological study of vascular disease in three American Indian populations aged 45-74 years. During the baseline examination from 1988 to 1991, participants without diagnosed diabetes underwent a fasting glucose test and a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. These values were used to compare the ADA and WHO diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: By using fasting and 2-h glucose values, prevalence rates of undiagnosed diabetes were 15.9% according to WHO criteria and 14.4% according to ADA criteria. The overall agreement rate was 65%, and the weighted kappa statistic was 0.474, which indicates moderate agreement. The age-specific analysis showed that, among participants between 45 and 54 years of age, the prevalence rates of undiagnosed diabetes were 13.4% according to WHO criteria and 12.7% according to ADA criteria. Among those aged 55-74 years, the rates were 18.7% according to WHO criteria and 16.3% according to ADA criteria. Thus, the difference in the prevalence rates when using WHO and ADA criteria, although generally small in this population, was three times higher in the older group (2.4%) than the difference in the younger group (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The Strong Heart Study found that prevalence rates of undiagnosed diabetes determined by ADA criteria and WHO criteria were similar in its American Indian population. The data suggest that the difference between the two criteria may increase as age increases. Longitudinal data will be needed to evaluate further the utility of the two criteria.
Spiny keratoderma in association with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with liver cysts
Authors: Dina Anderson, David E. Cohen, Hyun Soo Lee, Cheryl Thellman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)

Spiny keratoderma of the palms and soles has been rarely reported. Debate exists regarding the proper nosologic classification of this disorder. We describe a patient and her mother with concurrent autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with liver cysts
BEYOND THE CONSULTATIVE DOCUMENT
Authors: J.A. Ager, J.H. Bergin, A.C. Buck, P.C. Babington, J.F. Cam, B. Clay, J.H. Dowson, J.P. Donnelly, E.E. Denman, P.H. Denton, H.C. Drysdale, J. Ellis, C. Foote, J. Hurley, J.C. Jenkins, M. Jackson, P. Knight, R. Martlew, B.M. Male, P.R. Monahan, J. Oliver, P.H. Powley, R. Porteous, I. Phalke, F.C. Rodger, K. Shimmings, R. Thexton
Journal: The Lancet (1976)
Lung Function Impairment and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Nathalie Leone, Dominique Courbon, Frédérique Thomas, Kathy Bean, Bertrand Jégo, Bénédicte Leynaert, Louis Guize, Mahmoud Zureik
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been related to both lung function impairment and metabolic syndrome. Data on the relationship between lung function and metabolic syndrome are sparse.To investigate risk for lung function impairment according to metabolic syndrome traits.This cross-sectional population-based study included 121,965 men and women examined at the Paris Investigations Préventives et Cliniques Center between 1999 and 2006. The lower limit of normal was used to define lung function impairment (FEV(1) or FVC < lower limit of normal). Metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute statement.We used a logistic regression model and principal component analysis to investigate the differential associations between lung function impairment and specific components of metabolic syndrome. Lung function impairment was associated with metabolic syndrome (prevalence = 15.0%) independently of age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, educational level, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, and cardiovascular disease history (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval], 1.28 [1.20-1.37] and OR, 1.41 [1.31-1.51] for FEV(1) and FVC, respectively). Three factors were identified from factor analysis: "lipids" (low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides), "glucose-blood pressure" (high fasting glycemia, high blood pressure), and "abdominal obesity" (large waist circumference). All factors were inversely related to lung function, but abdominal obesity was the strongest predictor of lung function impairment (OR, 1.94 [1.80-2.09] and OR, 2.11 [1.95-2.29], for FEV(1) and FVC, respectively). Similar results were obtained for women and men.We found a positive independent relationship between lung function impairment and metabolic syndrome in both sexes, predominantly due to abdominal obesity. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Bronchodilator response to salbutamol after spontaneous recovery from nonspecific bronchial provocation tests in asthma
Authors: R Polosa, G Prosperini, S Magri, I Ciamarra, C Pagano, G Paolino, G Santonocito, N Crimi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Assessment of airway responsiveness by bronchoprovocation and bronchodilatation tests is important in the diagnostic work-up protocol of bronchial asthma and it would be convenient to undertake both tests on the same occasion. However, it is not known whether this can be done accurately. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of a prior bronchial provocation test on the bronchodilator response to salbutamol after spontaneous recovery of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in a group of asthmatic subjects. On two separate occasions at the same time of day, concentration-response studies with inhaled histamine or methacholine, or a sham challenge with normal saline were carried out in a blinded, randomized manner. Changes in airway calibre were followed as FEV1 and agonist responsiveness expressed as the provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20). After either spontaneous recovery or a fixed-duration wait of 45 min (when appropriate), the subjects received 2x100 microg of salbutamol from a metered dose inhaler with a spacer. The bronchodilator response to salbutamol was expressed as a percentage of initial FEV1 (deltaFEV1% init). Bronchial challenge with both agonists failed to alter significantly the airway response to salbutamol, with the deltaFEV1% init mean value (range) being 16.9% (9.0-31.9) and 17.5% (11.6-31.2) on the sham and histamine/methacholine challenge day respectively. It was shown that the degree of bronchodilatation achieved after salbutamol 200 microg is not affected by prior bronchoprovocation testing when enough time is allowed for the airways to recover spontaneously to baseline forced expiratory volume in one second. Thus evaluation of airway responsiveness by both bronchial provocation tests and bronchodilator testing can be assessed reliably within a few hours in asthmatic patients.
MHCII-Mediated Dialog between Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and CD4+ T Cells Potentiates Type 2 Immunity and Promotes Parasitic Helminth Expulsion
Authors: Christopher J. Oliphant, You Yi Hwang, Jennifer A. Walker, Maryam Salimi, See Heng Wong, James M. Brewer, Alexandros Englezakis, Jillian L. Barlow, Emily Hams, Seth T. Scanlon, Graham S. Ogg, Padraic G. Fallon, Andrew N.J. McKenzie
Journal: Immunity (2014)
An invertebrate coagulation system activated by endotoxin: evidence for enzymatic mediation
Authors: Neal S. Young, Jack Levin, Robert A. Prendergast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Lysates prepared from the amebocytes of Limulus polyphemus, the horseshoe crab, are gelled by endotoxin. Studies were carried out to characterize the components of amebocyte lysate and to examine the kinetics of their reaction with endotoxin. Analysis of amebocyte lysate using sucrose density gradients showed two peaks at 46% and 86% gradient volumes. G50 and G75 Sephadex column chromatography resulted in three protein peaks. One fraction contained a clottable protein, which had a molecular weight of approximately 27,000, and was heat stable. Another fraction contained a high molecular weight, heat labile material, which was activated by endotoxin and reacted with the clottable protein to form a gel. The rate of the reaction between endotoxin and amebocyte lysate was dependent upon the concentration of endotoxin and the concentration of the fraction containing the high molecular weight material. The activity of this fraction was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, parachloromercuribenzoate, and para-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, suggesting that enzymatic activity depended upon serine hydroxyl and sulfhydryl groups. The reaction between endotoxin and the fractions of lysate was temperature and pH dependent. The data suggest that endotoxin activates an enzyme which then gels the clottable protein contained in amebocyte lysate.
Heavy alcohol consumption increases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis
Authors: Chih-Wen Lin, Chih-Che Lin, Lein-Ray Mo, Chi-Yang Chang, Daw-Shyong Perng, Chia-Chang Hsu, Gin-Ho Lo, Yaw-Sen Chen, Yung-Chieh Yen, Jui-Ting Hu, Ming-Lung Yu, Po-Huang Lee, Jaw-Town Lin, Sien-Sing Yang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Vitamin D Receptor Protein Expression in Tumor Tissue and Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Whitney K. Hendrickson, Richard Flavin, Julie L. Kasperzyk, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Fang Fang, Rosina Lis, Christopher Fiore, Kathryn L. Penney, Jing Ma, Philip W. Kantoff, Meir J. Stampfer, Massimo Loda, Lorelei A. Mucci, Edward Giovannucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose Data suggest that circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] interacts with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis for some malignancies, although evidence for prostate cancer is less clear. How VDR expression in tumor tissue may influence prostate cancer progression has not been evaluated in large studies. Patients and Methods We examined protein expression of VDR in tumor tissue among 841 patients with prostate cancer in relation to risk of lethal prostate cancer within two prospective cohorts, the Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. We also examined the association of VDR expression with prediagnostic circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and with two VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms, FokI and BsmI. Results Men whose tumors had high VDR expression had significantly lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis (P for trend &lt; .001), lower Gleason score (P for trend &lt; .001), and less advanced tumor stage (P for trend &lt; .001) and were more likely to have tumors harboring the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (P for trend = .009). Compared with the lowest quartile, men whose tumors had the highest VDR expression had significantly reduced risk of lethal prostate cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.17; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.41). This association was only slightly attenuated after adjustment for Gleason score and PSA at diagnosis (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.83) or, additionally, for tumor stage (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.94). Neither prediagnostic plasma vitamin D levels nor VDR polymorphisms were associated with VDR expression. Conclusion High VDR expression in prostate tumors is associated with a reduced risk of lethal cancer, suggesting a role of the vitamin D pathway in prostate cancer progression.