tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peptide YY and electrolyte homeostasis.
Authors: R J Playford, C E Macdonald
Journal: Gut (1997)

tion for both radiologist and gastroenterolo- gist, as well as providing a prompt service with appropriate quality.In my heart I know that the comments by Dr Vallance are correct when he highlights the potential difficulties and drawbacks that may result from ultrasound examinations being undertaken by practitioners other than skilled trained radiologists.In my head, however, I recognise that there are other arguments that must be resolved.Some gastroenterologists and indeed clinicians in other specialties, do genuinely wish to provide an ultrasound serv- ice and this wish has been given validity by the declaration of the European Board of Gastro- enterology that ultrasound should be part of the training programme for gastroenterologists.Neither radiologists individually nor col- lectively through their Royal College, are in a position to prevent non-radiologists from using ultrasound for diagnosis and therefore we find ourselves in a position in which we can adopt one of three responses.Radiologists can ignore the needs of non- radiologists to train in ultrasound and decline to be involved in such training.In doing this we will deny to non-radiologists an under- standing of our own skills, which contribute to a quality service and we may thus contrib- ute to the poor quality non-radiological serv- ice which we fear.Radioloists may believe that because non- radiological ultrasound training is in vogue, that we should simply keep our heads down for a while in the hope that the fashion will pass, but again we risk the development of a second rate service without our contribution.Thirdly, we could permit our non- radiologist colleagues free access to our skills.Of course we do this already by providing a service for them and their patients, but we should extend this to the provision of training, so that the service which non-radiologists provide is of sufficient standard to fulfil radi- oloists' definition of quality.Additionally the links forged between radiologist and non- radiologist during training should contribute to more open communication, which must be to the ultimate benefit of our patients.I believe that the responsible and logical reaction of radiologists to the wishes of some non-radiologists to train in ultrasound, is to provide them with sensible achievable guide- lines for training so that radiologist and non- radiologist can work together to provide what the patient needs, a rapid ultrasound service of appropriate quality.
STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS ON RABBIT LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Leighton E. Cluff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Bacterial endotoxin injected intravenously into rabbits inhibited the migration of leucocytes from the buffy coat of centrifuged blood (4). Repeated daily injections of endotoxin resulted in the rabbits becoming resistant to the fever-inducing action of the toxin, and migration of leucocytes from centrifuged blood was no longer inhibited by injection of the toxin. Leucocyte migration from the buffy coat of centrifuged blood after injection of toxin into the rabbits appeared gradually over the first few days of repeated injections, and disappeared during the 10 to 15 days after cessation of daily injections of toxin. The resistance to endotoxin, demonstrated by leucocyte migration and pyrogen tolerance, could not be passively transferred with serum from resistant animals, and was non-specific, in that resistance to one endotoxin conferred some resistance to toxin from an organism of a different species. No relationship could be demonstrated between precipitin titer and resistance. Thorotrast abolished resistance to the fever-inducing activity of endotoxin, but its effect on leucocyte resistance was not clear, since when injected alone it inhibited migration of leucocytes from the buffy coat of centrifuged blood. The suggestion is made that the failure of toxin to inhibit the migration of leucocytes from resistant rabbits is due either to the presence of leucocytes which have become adapted to the toxin by repeated exposure, or to rapid removal of the toxin by the reticulo-endothelial system. It is unlikely that leucocyte resistance participates in the development of tolerance to the fever-inducing action of endotoxin. However, in view of the participation of the leucocyte in the pathogenesis of the Shwartzman reaction, the presence of leucocytes resistant to endotoxin may be responsible in part for the development of resistance to the Shwartzman phenomenon.
Prognosis of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: JUAN JOSÉ LAHUERTA-PALACIOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1982Prognosis of Acute Myelogenous LeukemiaJUAN JOSÉ LAHUERTA-PALACIOS, SANTIAGO LARREGLA-GARRAUS, FRANCISCO FERNÁNDEZ-DEBORA, RICARDO RUIZ DE ADANAJUAN JOSÉ LAHUERTA-PALACIOSSearch for more papers by this author, SANTIAGO LARREGLA-GARRAUSSearch for more papers by this author, FRANCISCO FERNÁNDEZ-DEBORASearch for more papers by this author, RICARDO RUIZ DE ADANASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-1-140_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Barton and Conrad reported in the February 1979 issue (1) an association of elevation of the aspartate transaminase (AST) levels with improved prognosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. Further data confirming this observation are scarce (2-4), although 2 years have elapsed since it was described.We wish to point out a critical defect in the studies that have been carried out: The AST level is considered to be the only factor that influences the prognosis. At the time of diagnosis and during the "induction phase" of acute myelogenous leukemia, there are additional simultaneous prognostic factors: classification, previous or...References1. BARTONCONRAD JM. Beneficial effects of hepatitis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:188-90. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BARTONCONRAD JM. Prognostic significance of hepatitis in acute myelogenous leukemia [Abstract]. Clin Res. 1979;27:490A. Google Scholar3. FOONYALECLODFELTERGALE KCKR. Posttransfusion hepatitis in acute myelogenous leukemia. Effect on survival. JAMA. 1980;244:1806-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JUUAFONT AL. Hepatitis and leukemia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:780. LinkGoogle Scholar5. SCHUEPBACHSAUTER JC. Inverse correlation of antiviral antibody titers and the remission length in patients treated with viral oncolynate. Cancer. 1981;48:1363-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JUAN JOSÉ LAHUERTA-PALACIOS; SANTIAGO LARREGLA-GARRAUS; FRANCISCO FERNÁNDEZ-DEBORA; RICARDO RUIZ DE ADANAAffiliations: Institute Nacional de la Salud Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo Madrid Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1982Volume 97, Issue 1Page: 140-140KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaAminotransferasesSerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
TYPHOID FEVER IN AN INFANT COMPLICATED BY SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS
Authors: E. N. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1921)

Points of Practical Importance in Performing the Test.1. Heated serum should be used; unheated serums from positive cases may fail to cause precipitation in any con- centrations (a wide range of concentrations has been tested).2. The concentrations of serum recoommended should not be exceeded, since heated normal serums in large amounts-for example, 0.2 to 0.3 c.cm.-may cause precipitation.No positive case has been met with in which the usual amounts of heated serum employed failed to show precipitate, but the reaction may be more marked with 0.05 c.cm. of serum than with 0.1 c.cm.
Strategies for directing the differentiation of stem cells into the cardiomyogenic lineage in vitro
Authors: B Heng
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Most studies on stem cell transplantation therapy on myocardially infarcted animal models and phase-I human clinical trials have focused on the use of undifferentiated stem cells. There is a strong possibility that some degree of cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro prior to transplantation would result in higher engraftment efficiency, as well as enhanced myocardial regeneration and recovery of heart function. Additionally, this may also alleviate the probability of spontaneous differentiation of stem cells into undesired lineages and reduces the risk of teratoma formation, in the case of embryonic stem cells. The development of efficient protocols for directing the cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro will also provide a useful model for molecular studies and genetic manipulation. This review therefore critically examines the various techniques that could possibly be used to direct and control the cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro.
Treatment of streptococcal sore throat. Immunoassays for rapid diagnosis.
Authors: S C Arya
Journal: BMJ (1993)

be made to the incidence of rheumatic fever or suppurative complications.'We sugest that much better evidence of benefit is required before the cost of antibiotics prescribed for suspected strepto- coccal sore throat is increased up to twofold (the British National Formulary (March 1993) gives the cost of non-proprietary amoxycillin 250 mg as 3 7p and of phenoxymethylpenicillin 250 mg as 1-7p).
Sharp decline in UK deaths from bowel cancer predicted
Authors: K. Godfrey
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Screening for bowel cancer will lead to a sharp reduction in the number of deaths from the disease in the next decade, bowel cancer specialists said this week.

A national screening programme of 10 years' duration will prevent 5000 new cases and 3000 deaths each year in the United Kingdom, estimates Dr Wendy Atkin, …
Rh Immunoprophylaxis: Is Antepartum Therapy Desirable?
Authors: Jacob Nusbacher, Joseph R. Bove
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recently considered a recommendation that all pregnant Rh-negative women be given Rh immune globulin at 28 weeks' gestation to prevent antepartum Rh immunization in the third trimester. Although the final decision was to refrain from such a broad recommendation, the Committee on Obstetrical Practice is expected to suggest this prophylaxis as a course that the individual physician may wish to consider. If this practice becomes routine, it will have a number of consequences that we believe may not be in the public's best interest. Therefore, we wish to review briefly the current status . . .
Accumulation of hyaluronan and tissue edema in experimental myocardial infarction.
Authors: A Waldenström, H J Martinussen, B Gerdin, R Hällgren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Experimental myocardial infarction was induced in rats. The myocardial accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) and water during the development of infarction was measured. The extractable HA content of the infarcted area increased progressively from day 1 and on day 3 reached a threefold increase compared with the HA amounts in myocardium of sham operated controls. The relative water content of infarcted areas also increased progressively reaching a maximum value by day 3 and was strongly correlated with the HA accumulation. Affinity histochemistry visualized a thin rim of HA in the endoperimysium in healthy myocardium. By day 2 an interstitial edema with inflammatory cells was apparent. The widened endoperimysium stained extensively for HA. By its water-binding ability, interstitial accumulation of HA will contribute to the interstitial edema in infarcted myocardial tissue. An interstitial edema is likely to influence the electromechanical characteristics of the myocardium and facilitate reentry phenomena due to a loss of contact between muscle cells. The edema also induces an increased extracellular pressure and an altered myocardial wall compliance that might impair myocardial microcirculation. The findings are relevant to an understanding of the beneficial effect of hyaluronidase treatment in limiting cellular damage during myocardial ischemia.
Dabrafenib in patients with Val600Glu or Val600Lys BRAF-mutant melanoma metastatic to the brain (BREAK-MB): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial
Authors: Georgina V Long, Uwe Trefzer, Michael A Davies, Richard F Kefford, Paolo A Ascierto, Paul B Chapman, Igor Puzanov, Axel Hauschild, Caroline Robert, Alain Algazi, Laurent Mortier, Hussein Tawbi, Tabea Wilhelm, Lisa Zimmer, Julie Switzky, Suzanne Swann, Anne-Marie Martin, Mary Guckert, Vicki Goodman, Michael Streit, John M Kirkwood, Dirk Schadendorf
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
CXCR7 participates in CXCL12-induced CD34+ cell cycling through β-arrestin–dependent Akt activation
Authors: Frédéric Torossian, Adrienne Anginot, Aurélie Chabanon, Denis Clay, Bernadette Guerton, Christophe Desterke, Laetitia Boutin, Stefano Marullo, Mark G. H. Scott, Jean-Jacques Lataillade, Marie-Caroline Le Bousse-Kerdilès
Journal: Blood (2013)
Reinduction of T-Type Calcium Channels by Endothelin-1 in Failing Hearts In Vivo and in Adult Rat Ventricular Myocytes In Vitro
Authors: Toshiaki Izumi, Yasuki Kihara, Nobuaki Sarai, Takeshi Yoneda, Yoshitaka Iwanaga, Koichi Inagaki, Yoko Onozawa, Hiroyuki Takenaka, Toru Kita, Akinori Noma
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— In ventricular myocardium, the T-type Ca 2+ current ( I Ca,T ), which is temporarily observed during fetal and neonatal periods, has been shown to reappear in failing/remodeling hearts. However, its pathophysiological regulation has not been elucidated. Methods and Results— We utilized Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats with hypertension at the stage of concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (11 weeks old, LVH) and at the heart failure stage (16 to 18 weeks old, CHF). Some were treated with bosentan (100 mg/kg per day) during the period from LVH to CHF. In LVH, neither the presence of I Ca,T (measured in the freshly isolated LV myocytes) nor an increase in α-1G mRNA expression were detected. This condition was associated with increases in tissue angiotensin II (AII) but not with endothelin (ET)-1 peptides. In contrast, in CHF, when the tissue AII remained elevated and ET-1 de novo increased, I Ca,T was recorded in most of the cells (−0.87±0.18 pA/pF at −30 mV, P &lt;0.01 versus LVH). This was associated with a significant increase in the α-1G mRNA level. The chronic bosentan treatment eliminated both the elevation of α-1G mRNA level and I Ca,T from the cells, whereas it did not affect the cell size and membrane capacitance. In addition, 48-hour exposure to ET-1 but not AII induced I Ca,T in normal adult myocytes in culture from Sprague-Dawley rats. Conclusions— I Ca,T channels reappear in failing but not in hypertrophied LV cardiomyocytes in a manner depending on the tissue ET-1 activation.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells activate allergen-specific TH2 memory cells: Modulation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Lorant Farkas, Espen O Kvale, Finn-Eirik Johansen, Frode L Jahnsen, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
A Mathematical Model for the Determination of Total Area Under Glucose Tolerance and Other Metabolic Curves
Authors: Mary M Tai
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To develop a mathematical model for the determination of total areas under curves from various metabolic studies.In Tai's Model, the total area under a curve is computed by dividing the area under the curve between two designated values on the X-axis (abscissas) into small segments (rectangles and triangles) whose areas can be accurately calculated from their respective geometrical formulas. The total sum of these individual areas thus represents the total area under the curve. Validity of the model is established by comparing total areas obtained from this model to these same areas obtained from graphic method (less than +/- 0.4%). Other formulas widely applied by researchers under- or overestimated total area under a metabolic curve by a great margin.Tai's model proves to be able to 1) determine total area under a curve with precision; 2) calculate area with varied shapes that may or may not intercept on one or both X/Y axes; 3) estimate total area under a curve plotted against varied time intervals (abscissas), whereas other formulas only allow the same time interval; and 4) compare total areas of metabolic curves produced by different studies.The Tai model allows flexibility in experimental conditions, which means, in the case of the glucose-response curve, samples can be taken with differing time intervals and total area under the curve can still be determined with precision.
Community participation in primary health care.
Authors: P M Pritchard
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A two and a half year9s experience of a community participation group has shown that this can have a valuable role in suggesting practicable improvements in a group practice. Topics discussed by the group (which is composed of one representative from every known organization in the area) have included problems of receptionists; the role of the individual ancillary worker; and teaching in general practice. The high attendance rate at the group9s meetings testifies to the community9s interest in primary health care services.
"Human guinea pigs"--a history.
Authors: M H Pappworth
Journal: BMJ (1990)

In 1967, Pappworth expanded a 1962 journal article on unethical experiments with human subjects into a book, Human Guinea Pigs: Experimentation on Man (Routledge). Here Pappworth describes the impetus behind his controversial article and book, and the reaction to both from the British media, the British medical establishment, the Ministry of Health, and Parliament. He discusses the effectiveness of ethical codes, editorial policies, and research ethics committees in safeguarding human subjects from overzealous or unethical researchers. He warns of the need for all those involved in human experimentation -- researchers, their units, ethics committees, editors of medical journals -- to tighten the self regulatory mechanisms in place lest public reaction to unethical research bring on legal sanctions.
Hospital Sale of Cigarettes
Authors: Arnold J. Flick
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In 1966, with the sponsorship of the National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health of the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, a project now titled Smoking Research/San Diego was designed as a community laboratory investigation. This was to determine whether or not efforts coordinated on a countywide basis by voluntary health agencies (acting through the San Diego Council on Smoking and Health) could effect a decrease in smoking by county residents. It was early apparent that an inconsistency existed between the medical profession's warnings of the hazards of smoking<sup>1</sup>and the continuing sale of cigarettes to the public by the profession's prime institution, the hospital. Accordingly, a letter was drafted to the council of the San Diego County Medical Society and subsequently to the California Medical Association. The letter began: We are requesting your consideration and endorsement of the following resolution: Resolved, that the Council
Gastrointestinal Metastases from Extra-Abdominal Tumors
Authors: A. Telerman, B. Gerard, B. Van den Heule, H. Bleiberg
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Over a period of 4 years, metastatic lesions to the gastrointestinal tract were analysed in postmortem and clinical series. Melanoma, breast and lung cancers were the most common primary lesions. The topography of parietal involvement shows that all patients evidenced tumor involvement of the submucosa, but not all of them revealed invasion of the mucosa and serosa, suggesting a hematogenous route of dissemination. Although almost all cases had widespread disease at the time of referral for diagnosis, patients who were submitted to surgery had a median survival of 8 months (range 1-48). In selected cases, surgery offers good palliation and may permit resumption of otherwise active chemotherapeutic treatments.
The Natural History of Silent Gallstones
Authors: William A. Gracie, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

ABOUT 15 million Americans have gallstones.1 A majority of these gallstones are silent (painless).2 , 3 Should silent gallstones be treated prophylactically or left alone? The answer depends in part on their natural history. Whereas Sir William Osler believed that most gallstones caused no symptoms,4 William Mayo regarded "innocent" gallstones as a myth.5 Their natural history remains controversial.6 This study reports the outcome of silent gallstone disease that was detected by cholecystographic screening of a healthy population. The study group, 110 men and 13 women, consisted of faculty members at the University of Michigan. A complete follow-up revealed that none had died . . .
Chronic Gastric Ulcer on the Posterior Wall
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

CHRONIC ulcers that lie on the posterior gastric wall demonstrate some unique clinical and pathologic features that can be attributed to their anatomic location. This does not apply to craters that reach the lesser curve, although strangely, it includes those that extend to the greater curve. The clinician has observed that the chronic posterior wall ulcer is encountered mainly in older patients. Summarizing some large series recorded in the literature, one finds that about 65% of all chronic posterior wall lesions of the pars media are first recognized after age 50, as compared with only 35% of chronic anterior wall pars media ulcers. The figures for craters that lie within the antrum and within the fundus are difficult to interpret because of varying definitions of these anatomic regions. French and German radiologists and surgeons have emphasized on many occasions that more than the expected proportion of women is encountered among
TCT-173 Bare-nitinol stent versus paclitaxel-coated balloon for femoro-popliteal revascularization. An adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Salvatore Cassese, Robert Byrne, Ilka Ott, Tareq Ibrahim, Tomohisa Tada, Lamin King, Adnan Kastrati, Massimiliano Fusaro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Heterotopic ossification encasing a plombage cavity
Authors: Sarah G Watson, Simon L F Walsh
Journal: Thorax (2012)

An 80-year-old patient presented with a chronic right sided chest wall sinus discharging pus. The patient had undergone an ipsilateral thoracoplasty and Lucite ball plombage for the treatment of tuberculosis in 1955, and the sinus was known to communicate with a plombage cavity. Until this presentation the sinus was uncomplicated, occasionally discharging clear fluid and a conservative approach to management was adopted. At this presentation, however, the discharge was culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus . Removal of the Lucite balls …