tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functional movement screen: inter-rater and subject reliability
Authors: R Shultz, K Mooney, S Anderson, B Marcello, D Garza, G O Matheson, T Besier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background A screening test evaluates a functional movement by assessing an athlete's functional limitations, weaknesses, or impairments that may increase the risk of injury for the athlete. Objective To assess the inter-rater reliability and subject variability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and to analyze the use of video scoring as opposed to live scoring. Design A reliability study. Each athlete was tested and retested, 1 week apart by the same rater, who also scored the athlete's first session from a video recording. These video recordings were then scored by five other raters. Setting Human Performance Lab using two standard video cameras (sagittal and frontal views) and SiliconCoach video capture software. Participants 21 female (19.6±1.5 years, 64.4±5.1 kg, 1.7±0.1 m) and 19 male (19.7± 1.0 years, 80.1 ±9.9 kg, 1.9±0.1 m) Varsity athletes from swimming, soccer, volleyball, cross-country and gymnastics volunteered to participate, along with six raters. Assessment The FMS consists of seven tasks that focus on mobility and stability. Each task is rated out of 3, with pain being an automatic zero, for a total score out of 21. Raters (6) looked for malalignment and asymmetry. Main outcome measurement The Krippendorff alpha (Kalpha) was used to assess the reliability of each of the three tests: inter-rater, test-retest, live versus video. Results The Kalpha for the inter-rater, the test-retest, and the live/video was 0.3806, 0.6161, and 0.9096, respectively. Conclusion Inter-rater reliability results show that clinicians should avoid comparison across multiple raters. It is possible that with more training this value may increase. Fortunately, if a single rater is used, clinicians can be confident that a change in the FMS score is due to a change in the athlete as the test-retest produced good reliability. This study also demonstrates that streamlining the FMS process with the use of video capture is appropriate.
Clinicohistopathological correlations in juvenile localized scleroderma: Studies on a subset of children with hypopigmented juvenile localized scleroderma due to loss of epidermal melanocytes
Authors: Joanne J. Sung, Tina S. Chen, Anita C. Gilliam, Timothy H. McCalmont, Amy E. Gilliam
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Abstract 3816: Genetic variants within JAZF1 are associated with differential binding of androgen receptor, altered mRNA expression and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: McAnthony D. Tarway, Wei Tang, Yi-Ping Fu, Luyang Liu, Patricia Porter-Gill, Jennifer Hall, Stefan Ambs, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10486567 within the JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7p15 as being associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in individuals of European ancestry (p=2.14×10-6, Thomas, 2008; p=7.79×10-11, Prokunina-Olsson, 2010). We now examined two additional SNPs, rs7808935 and rs67152137 that are in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs10486567 (r2∼1.0) and located in a 2 Kb non-coding genomic region of intron 2 of JAZF1. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays in LNCaP and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines, we established that all three SNPs regions bind androgen receptor, but only rs7808935 increased allele-specific binding, with the risk T allele enhancing binding (1.4-fold, p=0.021). We cloned the 2Kb genomic region encoding various haplotypes of the three SNPs into a luceferase reporter assay, and discovered that the risk haplotype increased the reporter activity by 2-fold (p=6.98×10-5). mRNA expression of JAZF1 in normal prostate tissue samples was increased in carriers of the risk haplotype (1.51-fold, p=0.015, n=59). The three associated SNPs are located in large intron 2 and about 250 Kb away from JAZF1 promoter region. To further explore the molecular relationships between the three prostate-cancer associated SNPs, mRNA expression of JAZF1 and risk of prostate cancer, we are currently performing analysis of long-distance chromatin interactions that involves the associated JAZF1genomic region. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the prostate-cancer associated variants of JAZF1 influence androgen receptor transcriptional activity and its effect on JAZF1. Our current research should identify mechanisms of how this affects JAZF1 mRNA expression and carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3816. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3816
Chemical control of phospholipid distribution across bilayer membranes
Authors: J. Middleton Boon, Bradley D. Smith
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2002)

Abstract Most biological membranes possess an asymmetric transbilayer distribution of phospholipids. Endogenous enzymes expend energy to maintain the arrangement by promoting the rate of phospholipid translocation, or flip‐flop. Researchers have discovered ways to modify this distribution through the use of chemicals. This review presents a critical analysis of the phospholipid asymmetry data in the literature followed by a brief overview of the maintenance and physiological consequences of phospholipid asymmetry, and finishes with a list of chemical ways to alter phospholipid distribution by enhancement of flip‐flop. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 3, 251–281, 2002; Published online in wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/med.10009
The Path to Personalized Medicine
Authors: Margaret A. Hamburg, Francis S. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Major investments in basic science have created an opportunity for significant progress in clinical medicine. Researchers have discovered hundreds of genes that harbor variations contributing to human illness, identified genetic variability in patients' responses to dozens of treatments, and begun to target the molecular causes of some diseases. In addition, scientists are developing and using diagnostic tests based on genetics or other molecular mechanisms to better predict patients' responses to targeted therapy. The challenge is to deliver the benefits of this work to patients. As the leaders of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration . . .
Antihypertensive Therapy After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Simone Vidale, Claudio Pini, Marco Arnaboldi
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term follow-ups of revascularized immature necrotic teeth: three case reports
Authors: Duck-Su Kim, Hae-Jin Park, Je-Ha Yeom, Ji-Sung Seo, Gil-Joo Ryu, Ki-Ho Park, Seung-Il Shin, Sun-Young Kim
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Revascularization of immature necrotic teeth is a reliable treatment alternative to conventional apexogenesis or apexification. In case 1, a 12-year-old boy had his necrotic, immature mandibular left second premolar treated with a revascularization technique. At a 24-month follow-up, periapical radiolucency had disappeared and thickening of the root wall was observed. In cases 2 and 3, a 10-year-old boy had his necrotic, immature, bilateral mandibular second premolars treated with the same modality. At 48-month (in case 2) and 42-month (in case 3) follow-ups, loss of periapical radiolucencies and increases in the root wall thickness were also observed.
Limited role of MHC class I chain–related gene A (MICA) typing in assessing graft-versus-host disease risk after fully human leukocyte antigen–matched unrelated donor transplantation
Authors: Eric Anderson, Bartosz Grzywacz, Hongbo Wang, Tao Wang, Michael Haagenson, Stephen Spellman, Bruce R. Blazar, Jeffrey S. Miller, Michael R. Verneris
Journal: Blood (2009)
WHO suppressed evidence on effects of depleted uranium, expert says
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A World Health Organization paper on the risks to health from munitions that use depleted uranium has been called into question by a member of the editorial team that produced the report. Keith Baverstock, who worked as a WHO radiation expert, claims that research indicating a carcinogenic effect was deliberately suppressed. 

Dr Baverstock said that he tried to submit research from the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute of the US Department of Defense that found evidence of genotoxicity from depleted uranium particles in the body. 

But Mike Repacholi, the WHO scientist who oversaw the production of the 2001 report, Health Effects of Depleted Uranium , refused to include any mention of the research in the final report. …
Edward Bancroft, M.D., F.R.S., AND F.R.C.P. (Lond.)
Authors: Roy J. Popkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

DR. Edward Bancroft was a man of many talents — physician, naturalist, chemist, scientist, writer, inventor and spy. His claim to fame is twofold. An accomplished double agent of the American Revolution, working for both sides, he was the master spy of the century; he was also an important contributor and discoverer in the field of colors and dyes used principally in calico printing.Bancroft was born in Westfield, Massachusetts, on January 9, 1744. He had little formal schooling, and after a short period of apprenticeship to a trade, he went to sea. At the age of nineteen he settled . . .
Normal deglutitive responses of the human lower oesophageal sphincter
Authors: M. D. Kaye, J. P. Showalter
Journal: Gut (1972)

The responses to deglutition of the lower oesophageal high pressure zone were studied in 13 healthy subjects. The recording assembly included three perfused pressure recording catheters, whose recording orifices were at the same axial level, and a more distally situated <i>p</i>H electrode. Relaxation and contraction progressed in a sequential fashion along the length of the high pressure zone. At the time of maximum relaxation, a small pressure gradient, which was greatest at a point approximately 1 cm distal to the pressure inversion point, was maintained between stomach and oesophagus. The frequency of post-deglutitive contractions in the high pressure zone, which were observed to occur distal to the pressure inversion point in all subjects, steadily increased as the recording assembly was withdrawn proximally. The amplitude of such contractions was greater in the high pressure zone than in the distal oesophagus. There was a significant correlation between maximum resting pressure and amplitude of contractions within the high pressure zone. The proper assessment of the function of the high pressure zone should include consideration of the spatiotemporal relationships of pressure events within the lower oesophagus and the high pressure zone, in addition to measurements of their absolute dimensions. The <i>p</i>H electrode measurements, performed after the intragastric instillation of at least 150 ml of 0·1 N HCl, showed transient falls in the <i>p</i>H of the distal high pressure zone after deglutition in all subjects. These <i>p</i>H responses decreased in frequency as the <i>p</i>H electrode was withdrawn proximally, and did not occur in the non-sphincteric oesophagus. It would appear therefore that although gastroesophageal competence is retained during swallowing, the mucosal lining of the greater part of the high pressure zone is briefly exposed to gastric contents for a few seconds after deglutition.
Informed Consent in Emergency Research-Reply
Authors: Pamela Grim
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  We thank Dr Leith for his interest in our article on informed consent in emergency research. Our article addressed a single question: Can the conscious patient in the midst of a medical emergency provide adequate informed consent for a clinical research protocol? The article reviewed current federal guidelines for informed consent in this setting. It constructed a taxonomy of methods of obtaining informed consent in emergency research. Using as an example the case of thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction, we also described a novel two-step approach to obtaining informed consent.  Our article, then, was not intended as a clinical trial, but as an effort to establish a conceptual framework for the study of informed consent in emergency research. As Feinstein 1 has pointed out, the first question in designing clinical research is, What is the question? We stated in the article, studies examining competency, risk aversiveness, and
A “Tric” to tighten cell-cell junctions in the cochlea for hearing
Authors: Tomohito Higashi, Danielle R. Lenz, Mikio Furuse, Karen B. Avraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Tricellulin is a tricellular tight junction-associated membrane protein that controls movement of solutes at these specialized cell intersections. Mutations in the gene encoding tricellulin, TRIC, lead to nonsyndromic deafness. In this issue of the JCI, Nayak et al. created a gene-targeted knockin mouse in order to mimic the pathology of a human TRIC mutation. Deafness appears to be caused either by an increase in the K+ ion concentration around the basolateral surfaces of the outer hair cells or, alternatively, by an increase in small molecules such as ATP around the hair bundle, leading to cellular dysfunction and degeneration. Furthermore, the mice have features suggestive of syndromic hearing loss, which may have implications for care and treatment of patients harboring TRIC mutations.
Book Review Alzheimer Disease: Neuropsychology and Pharmacology Edited by Gérard Emilien, Cécile Durlach, Kenneth L. Minaker, Bengt Winblad, Serge Gauthier, and Jean-Marie Maloteaux. 288 pp. Basel, Switzerland, Birkhäuser Verlag, 2004. $129. 3-7643-2426-0
Authors: Albert Hofman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Working-Life Span Of Physicians
Authors: Frederick P. Li
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> To what extent does the long education of physicians affect their working-life span? The determination can be made through methods for estimating life expectancy. <h3>Methods:—</h3> A table of working-life was constructed from American Medical Association data on the number and employment status of US physicians of both sexes and all races in 1959, by age,<sup>1</sup>and their age-specific mortality between 1958 and 1960, according to steps detailed in Bureau of Labor Statistics publications.<sup>2,3</sup>The enumeration of physicians and their mortality data in 1959 were nearly complete<sup>1</sup>and such data have been used in other studies.<sup>4,5</sup>Physicians were considered to be employed if they had completed house-staff training and reported that they were active either part-time or full-time in a medical career in 1959. The results represented estimates of the proportion, among a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 live births destined to become physicians, who
Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen Mammography in Community Practice in the United States
Authors: Karla Kerlikowske
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Few studies have examined the comparative effectiveness of digital versus film-screen mammography in U.S. community practice. Objective: To determine whether the interpretive performance of digital and film-screen mammography differs. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Mammography facilities in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. Participants: 329 261 women aged 40 to 79 years underwent 869 286 mammograms (231 034 digital; 638 252 film-screen). Measurements: Invasive cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed within 12 months of a digital or film-screen examination and calculation of mammography sensitivity, specificity, cancer detection rates, and tumor outcomes. Results: Overall, cancer detection rates and tumor characteristics were similar for digital and film-screen mammography, but the sensitivity and specificity of each modality varied by age, tumor characteristics, breast density, and menopausal status. Compared with film-screen mammography, the sensitivity of digital mammography was significantly higher for women aged 60 to 69 years (89.9% vs. 83.0%; P = 0.014) and those with estrogen receptor–negative cancer (78.5% vs. 65.8%; P = 0.016); borderline significantly higher for women aged 40 to 49 years (82.4% vs. 75.6%; P = 0.071), those with extremely dense breasts (83.6% vs. 68.1%; P = 0.051), and pre- or perimenopausal women (87.1% vs. 81.7%; P = 0.057); and borderline significantly lower for women aged 50 to 59 years (80.5% vs. 85.1%; P = 0.097). The specificity of digital and film-screen mammography was similar by decade of age, except for women aged 40 to 49 years (88.0% vs. 89.7%; P < 0.001). Limitation: Statistical power for subgroup analyses was limited. Conclusion: Overall, cancer detection with digital or film-screen mammography is similar in U.S. women aged 50 to 79 years undergoing screening mammography. Women aged 40 to 49 years are more likely to have extremely dense breasts and estrogen receptor–negative tumors; if they are offered mammography screening, they may choose to undergo digital mammography to optimize cancer detection. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute.
Case of Successful Caesarean Section (Porro's Modification)
Authors: D. B. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1889)

Another evil consists in the plugging the cervix with a so-called dIrainage-tube, which simply acts like a foreign bodzy.Every practitioner is aware how even a small clot in, the cervical canal, if not expelled by the uterine contractions, excites lihamorrhage,
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes
Authors: George S. Eisenbarth, Peter A. Gottlieb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This review considers the pathogenesis, scope, and treatment of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. Although some of the component disorders such as thyroid autoimmunity and celiac disease are common, others such as Addison's disease and myasthenia gravis are rare.
Director Knows Public Health Scene
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

VISITING the CDC as a county health officer from Birmingham, Ala, in 1979, William Lee Roper, MD, took part in a meeting that set goals for health in the United States to be achieved by 1990. It's 1990 and he himself has achieved a goal: he is the CDC's new director. How does the new head of a multifaceted agency set about impressing his stamp on what is, in his own words, "the world's preeminent public health institution"? Roper, who served as administrator of the Health Care Financing Administration from May 1986 to February 1989 and as President Bush's deputy assistant for domestic policy and director of the White House Office of Health Policy Development for the next 2 years, does not seem fazed by this task. Considering the numerous responsibilities the agency has regarding health in the United States—and not infrequently in the rest of the world—Roper has called
Doctors call for long term solutions to pressure on emergency departments
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Nearly a third (29%) of doctors who took part in a BMA survey have experienced a “black alert” in the past three months—issued when a hospital reaches capacity and has to turn away patients—up from 7% of doctors in the same period last year. Nearly half (48%) of the respondents have experienced breaches in accident and emergency targets, the survey found.

The findings were based on 512 replies from an online panel of doctors run by the BMA, who completed the survey between 13 …
ABC of colorectal cancer: Molecular basis for risk factors
Authors: Robert G Hardy, Stephen J Meltzer, Janusz A Jankowski
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Evidence for the molecular basis of colorectal cancer comes from genetic analysis of tissues either from patients with a family history of the disease or from patients with sporadic adenomatous colorectal polyps or extensive ulcerative colitis. The traditional view is that background rates of genetic mutation, combined with several rounds of clonal expansion, are necessary for a tumour to develop. It has recently been argued, however, that inherent genetic instability not only is necessary but may also be sufficient for cancer to develop.



Proposed adenoma to carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations and hypermethylation occur early, followed by k ras mutations. Deleted in colon cancer (DCC) and p53 gene mutations occur later in the sequence, although the exact order may vary



More than 70% of colorectal cancers develop from sporadic adenomatous polyps, and postmortem studies have shown the incidence of adenomas to be 30-40% in Western populations. Polyps are asymptomatic in most cases and are often multiple. Flat adenomas, which are more difficult to detect at endoscopy, account for about 10% of all polyps and may have a higher rate of malignant change or may predispose to a more aggressive cancer phenotype.



Key molecular events in colorectal premalignancy: comparisons between the adenoma carcinoma sequence and ulcerative colitis associated neoplasia



Recognised familial syndromes account for about 5% of colorectal cancers. The commonest hereditary syndromes are familial adenomatous polyposis and heredity non-polyposis colon cancer. Patients with these syndromes usually have a family history of colorectal cancer presenting at an early age. Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are rarer, mendelian causes of colorectal cancer. In familial adenomatous polyposis (a mendelian dominant disorder with almost complete penetrance) there is a germline mutation in the tumour suppressor gene for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) on chromosome …
The Importance of Patient Training in Home Hemodialysis
Authors: C. R. BLAGG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Important factors in the successful training of home hemodialysis patients, based on experience in training more than 80 patients, are discussed. A competent, confident, and thorough approach to patient training by the staff is required to instill self-confidence and independence in the patient. This is best achieved if the home training unit is physically separate from an acute or in-center chronic dialysis facility. Monitored equipment that can be understood and easily maintained by the patient and the means to manipulate his own cannulas are important in achieving self-dialysis. Treatment should begin before disability develops from uremic complications. Home training can then be started and the patient returned to his occupation with a minimum of time lost from his job. The role of nurse, technician, and physician in patient training and the organization of a training program are discussed.