tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: S. Powell, H. Kubba, C. O'Brien, M. Tremlett
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

Habitual snoring occurs in 12% of children in the United Kingdom.1 Two large cross sectional studies from the UK and Italy found that the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in children was 0.7% to 1.8%.1 2 A recent, well designed cross sectional study of 700 children in the United States found that the prevalence of primary snoring was 15.5% and of sleep apnoea 1.2%.3 Delayed diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea can lead to neurobehavioural consequences and even serious cardiorespiratory morbidity.4 History and examination alone are insufficient to distinguish reliably those with sleep apnoea from those who simply snore.5 Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea has completely different clinical features and requires different management strategies from adult obstructive sleep apnoea. In this review we provide an overview of the diagnosis and management of children with obstructive sleep apnoea, from primary to specialist care. The review is based on the best available evidence, which for much of obstructive sleep apnoea comprises longitudinal or cohort studies.

Sleep disordered breathing refers to the whole spectrum of breathing disturbance during sleep, from primary snoring through to obstructive apnoea. Obstructive sleep apnoea is defined as a disorder of breathing during sleep that is characterised by prolonged partial upper airway obstruction and/or intermittent complete obstruction that adversely affects ventilation during sleep and disrupts normal sleep patterns.6 Snoring is noisy breathing caused by turbulent airflow …
Brain Injuries from Blasts
Authors: Allan Ropper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

For soldiers wounded in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, a disproportionate number of injuries are from blasts resulting from the numerous improvised explosive devices deployed by insurgent forces. Many soldiers with blast injury have sustained brain trauma, referred to as the signature injury of these wars.There has been skepticism as to whether a blast that has occurred at a distance and inflicted no visible wound can penetrate the skull and damage the brain. This uncertainty is not unlike that attributed to injuries from previous wars that were also associated with lingering psychological sequelae, including the soldier's heart of . . .
Tissue and tumor mosaicism of the myotonin protein kinase gene trinucleotide repeat in a patient with multiple basal cell carcinomas associated with myotonic dystrophy
Authors: José Bañuls, Rafael Botella, Francesc Palau, Regina Ramón, Carmina Díaz, Artemio Payá, Lucía Carnero, Gloria Vergara
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)
Clinical Use of lndium-111 Labeled Blood Products
Authors: MERLE K. LOKEN, MARY E. CLAY, ROSEMARY T. CARPENTER, ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, J JEFFREY McCULLOUGH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Following the introduction of ln-111 oxine as a label for blood cells by McAffee and Thakur in 1976, these procedures have become increasingly important in the practice of nuclear medicine. Of particular interest are studies involving the use of labeled leukocytes for the detection of focal infection. The clinical utility of labeled platelets is less well developed, although the use of platelets to detect the formation of thrombi in blood vessels and on vascular grafts and prostheses is gaining prominence. This report summarizes the techniques presently employed at the University of Minnesota for the labeling of blood products, and their clinical use. Consideration also is given to the desired expertise and cost factors involved in the labeling of leukocytes and platelets.
Penetrating wound of the orbit.
Authors: H. H. Gossman
Journal: BMJ (1967)

changed and the indomethacin was replaced by phenylbutazone 100 mg., three times a day.On 29 March the prothrombin ratio was 2.7 and the dose of warfarin was reduced to 4.5 mg. per day.On 10 April he complained of spontaneous bruising on his hands and trunk.The-pro- thrombin time was found to be 3.9, routine haematology proving normal.All drugs were stopped, no new purpura appeared, and seven days later the prothrombin ratio was 1.1.Phenylbutazone had been prescribed six years previously for pain due to a lumbar disc lesion without any side-effects.Brodie' has drawn 'attention to the fact that several acidic drugs appear to compete for protein-binding sites.These drugs included tolbutamide, sulphonamides, and salicylates as well as the coumarins and phenylbutazone.Displacement of one such drug by another, giving increased unbound concentrations of the former at target sites, probably accounts for the potentiation of coumarins by pyrazole derivatives.7The patient reported here did not develop haemorrhagic conmplications while taking indomethacin.However, this drug should also probably be used with circumspection in patients on coumarin anticoagulants in view of the similarity of its action to that of phenylbutazone in displacing protein-bound molecules.!-We are, etc.,
Effects of folylpolyglutamate synthetase modulation on chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate
Authors: K-J Sohn
Journal: Gut (2004)

Folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase (FPGS) converts intracellular folates and antifolates (for example, methotrexate (MTX)) to polyglutamates. Polyglutamylated folates and antifolates are retained in cells longer and are better substrates than their monoglutamate counterparts for enzymes involved in one carbon transfer. Polyglutamylation of intracellular 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate may also enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by allowing more efficient formation and stabilisation of the inhibitory ternary complex involving thymidylate synthase and a 5-FU metabolite.We investigated the effects of FPGS modulation on the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU and MTX.Human HCT116 colon cancer cells were stably transfected with the sense or antisense FPGS cDNA or blank (control). FPGS protein expression and enzyme activity, growth rate, intracellular folate content and composition, and in vitro chemosensitivity to 5-FU and MTX were determined.Compared with cells expressing endogenous FPGS, those overexpressing FPGS had significantly faster growth rates and higher concentrations of total folate and long chain folate polyglutamates while antisense FPGS inhibition produced opposite results. FPGS overexpression significantly enhanced, whereas FPGS inhibition decreased, chemosensitivity to 5-FU. No significant difference in chemosensitivity to MTX was observed.These data provide functional evidence that FPGS overexpression and inhibition modulate chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU by altering intracellular folate polyglutamylation, providing proof of principle. Thus FPGS status may be an important predictor of chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU based chemotherapy, and FPGS gene transfer may increase the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
Helicobacter pylori eradication does not exacerbate gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: P Malfertheiner
Journal: Gut (2004)

The reciprocal influence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), if both conditions occur concomitantly, has been an issue of debate for many years. The critical question is whether eradication of <i>H pylori</i> has a more beneficial, harmful, or simply no effect on the course of GORD.
Mutation in<i>PDE8B,</i>a Cyclic AMP–Specific Phosphodiesterase in Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Anelia Horvath, Veronica Mericq, Constantine A. Stratakis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors have been associated with abnormalities of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)–signaling pathway. Examples are Cushing's syndrome in infants with the McCun...
Death of doctors.
Authors: D Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MCLJOULAt the beginning of 1964 he noticed he was passing more blood per rectum than he fel he could attribute to his haemorrhoids and ,when the latter were removed the bleeding continued.At a second operation in September 1964 "something the size of a go*bail" was removed from his rectum and he was discharged from gaol on account of this.He returned to civilian life and has since then never engaged in his previous practice, although he was sent back to pris- on in September 1968; prisoners are now permitted to have tobacco.He did, however, continue to pass blood per rectum at inter- vals.The clinical and histological features are so out(of the ordinary that we feel that there may be a relationship between the carcin- oma and his eight-year habit of hiding tobacco in his rectum.The tobacco was probably not the cause of the carcinoma, because he was adamant that the quality of the tobacco was in no way altered by its storage in the rectum.Whether the lesion is a consequence of the grease, and whether the cement-bag paper contributed to its development, cannot be determined with certainty.-Weare, etc.,
Sexually Dimorphic Response of the Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Artery to Hormone Treatment
Authors: Suzanne Oparil, Ronald L. Levine, Shi-Juan Chen, Joan Durand, Y.F. Chen
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Estrogen blunts the neointimal response to vascular injury in gonadectomized rats of both sexes; addition of a progestin blocks the estrogen effect. This study tested, in intact rats of both sexes, whether (1) exogenous estrogen has a vasoprotective effect in injured carotid arteries, (2) progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA) blocks the vasoprotective effect of estrogen, and (3) any observed sexual dimorphism in the responses to estrogen and/or MPA can be accounted for by differences in serum 17β-estradiol levels. Methods and Results Intact male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four subgroups treated with either (1) 17β-estradiol, (2) MPA, (3) 17β-estradiol+MPA, or (4) vehicle and were subjected to balloon injury of the right common carotid artery. Two weeks later, rats were killed by an overdose of pentobarbital, and the carotid arteries were evaluated for myointimal thickening. Neither estradiol nor MPA altered the neointimal response in males. In females, estradiol reduced and MPA enhanced the response, whereas addition of MPA to estradiol blocked the vasoprotective effects of estrogen. Conclusions Intact male rats but not intact females are resistant to the vasoprotective effects of exogenous estrogen, despite attainment of physiological (for females) serum 17β-estradiol levels. MPA enhances the neointimal response in intact females, presumably by blocking the production and thus the vasoprotective effect of endogenous estrogen.
Scarring in molluscum contagiosum: comparison of physical expression and phenol ablation
Authors: R. Weller, C. J O'Callaghan, R. M MacSween, M. I White
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Molluscum contagiosum is a benign viral skin disease occurring worldwide that commonly affects children.Spread may occur by autoinoculation or direct contact or via fomites. 1 In immunocompetent individuals each lesion may last 6-8 weeks.With continuous autoinoculation, however, new lesions appear over time, such that the mean duration is about 8 months, 2 with reports of infection lasting up to five years. 3Although resolution is ultimately spontaneous, scarring may occur, particularly if the lesions are secondarily infected.Thus there may be justification for active intervention in the hope of speeding resolution and hence limiting scarring, transmission, and the period of social exclusion.Although many treatments are cited in the literature with destruction of the lesions as their common goal, 4 5 a systematic review has revealed little good trial evidence to support them (RMMacS, unpublished observations).We compared the efficacy and cosmetic results of two commonly cited treatments: physical expression by squeezing and chemical ablation with phenol.
Graduated Sanctions to Enforce Nursing-Home Standards
Authors: Diana Chapman Walsh, Rich Feeley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The nursing-home industry in the United States is, on paper, the most closely regulated sector of the health-care system. Owing in part to the dependency of many patients1 and their inability to exert the pressure of active consumers, in part to massive public financing, which pays about two thirds of the nation's $7.5 billion nursing-home bill,2 federal and state governments have felt acutely the burden of setting and assuring standards of adequate care in nursing homes. But the focus, for the most part, has been on the standards themselves rather than on enforcement powers. The Department is coming to believe . . .
Platelet Factor 4 Mediates Inflammation in Experimental Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Kalyan Srivastava, Ian A. Cockburn, AnneMarie Swaim, Laura E. Thompson, Abhai Tripathi, Craig A. Fletcher, Erin M. Shirk, Henry Sun, M. Anna Kowalska, Karen Fox-Talbot, David Sullivan, Fidel Zavala, Craig N. Morrell
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Time runs out to amend abortion law as fertility bill moves to Lords
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A bill to allow the creation of part human, part animal embryos for research in the United Kingdom passed its final stages easily in the House of Commons on 22 October, when the government also saw off attempts to use the bill to liberalise the UK’s abortion laws.

Pro-choice MPs and campaigners accused ministers of “shabby” tactics and “cynical” manoeuvring in making sure that there would be insufficient time to debate the abortion amendments to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill. The bill, which now goes back to the House of Lords for consideration of amendments made during the Commons stage, is expected to receive …
Nan West's murals in the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
Authors: G D Schott
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In 1927 the new outpatient department of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in Bolsover Street, central London was opened. Adorning the hall was a remarkable new series of murals which had been painted by Nan West, daughter of the hospital's chairman, Henry West. These unusual pictures (fig 1), which cover 90 square metres, bear witness on a grand scale to the prevailing aspiration to restore a social function to art.



Fig 1 
Unusual surroundings for waiting patients in the 1950s





Fig 2 
The December panel





Fig 4. 
Nan West at work on the Summer panel around 1926



The murals, most of which surmount the 12 doors leading to clinic rooms and offices, are reminiscent of the pre-Raphaelite school. They are painted on canvas using oils with a washable surface and are in soft pastel …
Authors respond to criticisms of booked inpatient admissions and hospital capacity study
Authors: S. Gallivan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—This letter is in response to two letters from the NHS Modernisation Agency criticising our work on booked admissions and capacity.1 The letter by Castille et al rests on the claim that we concluded that the greater the variability in cycle time the less efficient the system2: either more resources are required or longer queues will develop. This is a misrepresentation of our work since our paper is not concerned with the length of queues, …
Women and Doctors: A Physician's Explosive Account of Women's Medical Treatment—and Mistreatment—in America Today and What You Can Do About It
Authors: Allan G. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The jacket on<i>Women and Doctors</i>states that Dr John M. Smith has written the book in outrage. As I read through it, I felt a sense of outrage at the poorly written and poorly documented assertions, accompanied by a bibliography of only 18 references, only five of which are from medical sources. Stereotyping is prevalent throughout, and inflammatory statements lack reasonable references to which the reader can turn for verification. For example, the author writes, "in short I believe that men have no business being gynecologists, certainly not men who are not significantly different from other men in their attitudes and prejudices about women," and he titles one chapter "The Miscasting of Males as Gynecologists." Dr Smith states that he learned about male sexism and the need for sensitivity to women through his relationship with his sensitive and understanding wife. The statement, in its sweepingness, conveyed to me a
Book Review The Aging Kidney in Health and Disease Edited by Juan F. Macías Núñez, J. Stewart Cameron, and Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos. 553 pp., illustrated. New York, Springer, 2008. $179. 978-0-387-72658-8
Authors: Jane F. Reckelhoff, Julio C. Sartori-Valinotti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Factors Influencing Return to Work Following Cerebral Infarction
Authors: George Howard
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A study of 379 patients, employed before cerebral infarction and living one year afterward, was undertaken to determine what factors had influenced their returning to work. We found age, occupation, degree of disability, race, and hemisphere infarcted to be significant. Younger patients with less disability were more likely to return to work. Patients employed in professional-managerial positions were more likely to return to work than patients in blue-collar or farming positions. Although there were no racial differences following a left-hemisphere infarct, white patients were more likely to return to work following a right-hemisphere infarct. Sex, blood pressure, severity of stroke, educational level, consciousness level at admission, maximum weakness in extremities, first v repeated stroke, care by a specially trained stroke team, rehabilitation therapy, and speech did not additionally influence the probability of returning to work.
The Risk of Mediastinoscopy: The Mis Interpretation of a Mediastinal Hematoma after a Rupture of an Aneurysm of the Left Subclavian Artery as a Mediastinal Tumor
Authors: F. Tschirkov, H. Hirsch, E. Krause
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

A case of a ruptured aneurysm of the left subclavian artery with obscure genesis was reported. The aneurysm caused a rather solid, non-pulsing tumor in the left neck region and a mediastinal hematoma which was first interpreted as a mediastinal tumor with metastases. The necessity of a preceeding angiographical examination of indeterminate mediastinal process before the performance of a mediastinoscopy was discussed.
Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care
Authors: Paul Pisarik
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drugs as instruments: A new framework for non-addictive psychoactive drug use
Authors: Christian P. Müller, Gunter Schumann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Most people who are regular consumers of psychoactive drugs are not drug addicts, nor will they ever become addicts. In neurobiological theories, non-addictive drug consumption is acknowledged only as a “necessary” prerequisite for addiction, but not as a stable and widespread behavior in its own right. This target article proposes a new neurobiological framework theory for non-addictive psychoactive drug consumption, introducing the concept of “drug instrumentalization.” Psychoactive drugs are consumed for their effects on mental states. Humans are able to learn that mental states can be changed on purpose by drugs, in order to facilitate other, non-drug-related behaviors. We discuss specific “instrumentalization goals” and outline neurobiological mechanisms of how major classes of psychoactive drugs change mental states and serve non-drug-related behaviors. We argue that drug instrumentalization behavior may provide a functional adaptation to modern environments based on a historical selection for learning mechanisms that allow the dynamic modification of consummatory behavior. It is assumed that in order to effectively instrumentalize psychoactive drugs, the establishment of and retrieval from a drug memory is required. Here, we propose a new classification of different drug memory subtypes and discuss how they interact during drug instrumentalization learning and retrieval. Understanding the everyday utility and the learning mechanisms of non-addictive psychotropic drug use may help to prevent abuse and the transition to drug addiction in the future.
Disulfiram toxicity and carbon disulfide poisoning
Authors: J M Rainey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author compared the neurotoxic effects of disulfiram with those of carbon disulfide, a disulfiram metabolite. The results suggest that carbon disulfide is responsible for the behavioral and neurological side effects of disulfiram. If this is so, then some other toxic effects of carbon disulfide, including parkinsonism, choreoathetosis, and thalamic syndrome may follow the ingestion of more than 5 g of disulfiram by adults, and individuals receiving as little as 125 mg of disulfiram per day may be at a three- to four-fold greater risk for arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease than a comparable population not receiving the drug.
(52) Vesiculobullous eruption in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: J.A. Miller, P.M. Dowd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (52) Vesiculobullous eruption in systemic lupus erythematosus Get access J.A. Miller, J.A. Miller The Middlesex Hospital, London W1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. Dowd P.M. Dowd The Middlesex Hospital, London W1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 98–99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13067.x Published: 01 July 1985
Infectious Diseases in the Elderly
Authors: Edward S. Wong
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The graying of America is upon us with each decade bringing a greater proportion of Americans over the age of 65 years. As physicians who must care for this increasing population, we must become ever more cognizant of their special needs and problems. Infections are one such problem. They are more common in the elderly and they are more difficult to diagnose and manage— hence the need for this book. Thirty-five authors, many of whom are recognized experts in the field, have contributed 24 chapters. The book is organized into three sections: "General Concepts," "Clinical Syndromes," and "Special Problems." The introductory chapters under "General Concepts" first strike what will become a recurrent theme in subsequent chapters: The elderly have an increased number of infections; unlike their occurrence in younger adults, the infections often present atypically; they are associated with a higher morbidity and mortality; and their management represents a special