tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 10 induces B lymphocytes from IgA-deficient patients to secrete IgA.
Authors: F Brière, J M Bridon, D Chevet, G Souillet, F Bienvenu, C Guret, H Martinez-Valdez, J Banchereau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We have previously shown that human B lymphocytes cultured in the CD40 system, composed of an anti-CD40 mAb presented by a CD32-transfected fibroblastic cell line, proliferate but do not secrete antibodies. However, the addition of particles of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan (SAC) induces B cell differentiation even in the absence of exogenous cytokines (CD40/SAC system). Additionally, B lymphocytes cultured in the CD40 system in the presence of human IL-10, produce IgM, IgG, and IgA, and Ig levels are further increased by SAC. Here, we have studied the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with IgA deficiency (IgA-D) to secrete Igs, particularly IgA after CD40 triggering. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from IgA-D patients cultured in the CD40/SAC system produced IgM and IgG, but not IgA. The addition of IL-10 to the cultures, enhanced the production of IgM and IgG and most strikingly induced the production of high amounts of IgA. The addition of IL-10 to PBMNC from IgA-D patients activated through CD40 alone resulted in the production of IgA. Thus, SAC and anti-CD40 mAb stimulate B cells to differentiate into cells secreting IgG and IgM whereas IL-10 plays a central role in inducing B cells from IgA-D patients to differentiate into IgA secreting cells.
Primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Clinical features, management, and prognosis of 185 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: E.M. Ibrahim, A.A. Ezzat, M.A. Raja, M.M. Rahal, D.S. Ajarim, B. Mann, A. Baloush, R.K. Stuart, S.N. Bazarbashi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
Iodopovidone pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion: Is tube clamping time affected the efficacy & safety?
Authors: Essam Mohamed, Hamdy Mahmoud, Elsayed Ali
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Iodopovidone increasingly used as pleurodesis agent through chest tube .There is no agreement about the duration of tube clamping after instillation of the agent.  OBJECTIVE:  To study the effect of tube clamping time on the success rate and safety of iodopovidone as a local chemical pleurodesis agent in patients with malignant pleural effusions.  METHODS: Patients with malignant pleural effusion were prospectively randomized into 2 groups (AB response rates, complication rates and duration of procedures within whole group, group A and group B were compared.  RESULTS: 96 Pleurodesis procedures were performed in 90 patients. The response was complete in 58 (60.4%) and partial in 27 (28%), and the overall success rate was 88.6 %. In group A (n = 47), 29 demonstrated complete and 13 demonstrated partial response, with 89.4% success rate .Success was 87.7% in group B, with complete response in 29 and partial response in 14 patients. Success rates were similar in the two groups (P = 1.202). Of 96 procedures, complications were observed in 29 (30.3%), and complication rates were 32% and 28.6% in groups A and B, respectively. The most frequent complications were chest pain and fever.  CONCLUSIONS: Iodopovidone is an effective, safe, inexpensive and easily available sclerosing agent for chemical pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion. The response rates and complications of pleurodesis were found to be similar regardless of duration of tube clamping.
The relation between sun protection factor and amount of suncreen applied in vivo
Authors: A. Faurschou, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The declared sun protection factor (SPF) is based on the use of a sunscreen layer of 2 mg cm(-2). However, only around a quarter (0 x 5 mg cm(-2)) of this amount is applied by sunbathers. Theoretical calculations have suggested that the effective SPF is related to sunscreen quantity in an exponential way but this was not confirmed in vitro and has not been studied in vivo.To investigate the relation between SPF and sunscreen amount in vivo.On the backs of 20 healthy volunteers, five areas of 34 cm(2) each were marked. One area was phototested to determine the ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity. Four areas were treated with a sunscreen SPF 4 in different amounts: 0 x 5, 1, 2 and 4 mg cm(-2). Thirty minutes after sunscreen application a phototest was conducted on each area. The effective SPF was calculated 22-26 h after irradiation using the UV dose needed to produce just perceptible erythema (minimal erythema dose) on protected and unprotected skin.In all areas the mean SPF was significantly different from an SPF of 1 (no protection) (P <or= 0 x 0001) and the SPFs of the areas with the various amounts of sunscreen differed significantly from each other (P <or= 0 x 0008). The relation between the sunscreen amount applied and the SPF provided was most likely to follow exponential growth (r(2) = 0 x 903).This study indicates that the relation between SPF and sunscreen quantity follows exponential growth. Application of 1 mg cm(-2) or 0 x 5 mg cm(-2) makes the SPF fall as the square or fourth root, respectively, and 4 mg cm(-2) results in an almost squared SPF.
Doctors and the control of major releases of chemicals.
Authors: P. R. Hunter, P. T. Mannion
Journal: BMJ (1992)

notice.This would accommodate changes in personal or professional circumstances.Family health services authorities could match skills to jobs.Job sharing and mobility would be facilitated.The whole exercise may be construed as a global job share."Ghettoisation" for either sex would become voluntary rather than imposed by con- sumers.Family health services authorities' skill banks would offer a wider distribution of services and facilitate planning.Benefits would accrue to consumers and practitioners through a wider choice of service and variety of experience, re-
Will the next Lord Winston please stand up
Authors: Kristina Fiter
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The race is on to find the winner of science's answer to television's Pop Idol

C ould you demonstrate how to make a refrigerator out of a punctured red balloon, or how to tell the temperature by the frequency of a cricket's chirping? Or would you be able to explain in lay terms how the most toxic substance on earth—Botox—can be used safely to remove wrinkles?

Those who thought they could took part in an all-day competition in London last week to find the best new talent at communicating complex scientific ideas to the general public. Known as Famelab, the contest, which was held at the Science Museum's Dana Centre, is the brainchild of the Cheltenham Science Festival. More than 130 contestants had three minutes each to convince the judges that they deserved a place in the finals, later the same day. The 15 who reached that stage then had five minutes each to win a place in the national finals in Cheltenham on 11 June, where the two who made it will join up with other regional qualifiers from Manchester, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, and Belfast. Whoever is …
STUDIES ON RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN ANIMALS INFECTED WITH RICKETTSIAE
Authors: Cora R. Owen, Carl L. Larson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Data are presented, demonstrating that infection with Rickettsia typhi brings about a reduction of the death rates and a prolongation of the time of survival in animals subsequently challenged with Pasteurella pestis or Pasteurella tularensis. This interference with bacterial infection by previous rickettsial infection does not appear immediately after injection of the rickettsiae; it begins to appear around 16 hours after this injection and becomes more marked during the first 96 hours; later it decreases. The phenomenon is essentially a local tissue reaction with weaker systemic effects. The phenomenon of interference can be overcome by challenge with too large a number or too virulent a strain of bacteria. A strain of P. pestis subjected to 10 passages through mice infected with Rickettsia typhi failed to develop resistance to the interfering activity of the latter microbial species. This does not rule out, but might be evidence against, an assumption that the interfering action is due to antibiotic effects from the rickettsiae.
A new method to perform quantitative measurement of bronchoscopic images
Authors: P.K. McFawn, L. Forkert, J.T. Fisher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Bronchoscopy is a commonly used clinical tool that provides a direct image of the bronchial lumen. However, bronchoscopy has seen little use as a quantitative measurement tool, mainly because of the wide-angle lens which distorts the image. The present authors have tested the ability of numerical algorithms and commercial software to correct for this distortion. Test objects of known size were imaged with four different bronchoscopes. Commercial image analysis software was used to measure the size of features in the images before and after applying distortion correction algorithms. The technique was then applied by measuring airway narrowing in anaesthetized pigs during vagal stimulation. Without correction, object size near the edge of the field of view is underestimated by approximately 40%. The error in measured diameter of concentric circles was dependent on the radius of the circle, increasing to 25% for circles occupying 90% of the field. Third order polynomial functions were required to correct these errors. After correction, errors were independent of object size or location in the image. Correction for lens distortion was independent of the distance between bronchoscope and object. The authors conclude that modern image processing software can correct for the distortion produced by wide-angle bronchoscope lenses.
Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Reinforcement and Addiction
Authors: D W Self, E J Nestler
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1995)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Components of metabolic syndrome are independent predictors of mortality in patients with chronic liver disease: a population-based study
Authors: M. Stepanova, N. Rafiq, Z. M. Younossi
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the overall and liver-related mortality and their predictors in patients with CLD using population data. <h3>Methods</h3> The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and linked mortality data were utilised. Participants from NHANES III (1988–1994) and their mortality status were updated by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) as of 31 December 2006. In this study, the aetiology of CLD was based on available serological tests and clinical data. Each diagnostic cohort was compared with a cohort without liver disease using stratum-specific χ<sup>2</sup>. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for analysis, and HRs adjusted for all major confounders; overall mortality and cause-specific mortality were calculated for each type of liver disease. All analyses were run using SAS-callable SUDAAN 10.0 functions using remote access to the CDC Research Data Center server with restricted use linked mortality data. <h3>Results</h3> The study cohort included 15 866 NHANES III participants with complete clinical, demographic, laboratory and mortality follow-up data. Of these, 235 subjects had alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), 66 had chronic hepatitis B (CH-B), 264 had chronic hepatitis C (CH-C), 991 were presumed to have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and 505 had other liver disease. Additionally, 13 004 subjects without evidence of liver disease served as controls. The analysis shows that type II diabetes (DM) and/or insulin resistance (IR) are independent predictors of overall mortality in CH-B, NAFLD and ALD (p &lt;0.05). Additionally, DM, IR, obesity and metabolic syndrome could be independent predictors of liver-related mortality in CH-C, NAFLD and ALD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Components of metabolic syndrome are associated with overall and liver-related mortality in subjects with CLD.
Synovitis detected on magnetic resonance imaging and its relation to pain and cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: C. L Hill, D. J Hunter, J. Niu, M. Clancy, A. Guermazi, H. Genant, D. Gale, A. Grainger, P. Conaghan, D. T Felson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

To examine the relationship between longitudinal fluctuations in synovitis with change in pain and cartilage in knee osteoarthritis.Study subjects were patients 45 years of age and older with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis from the Boston Osteoarthritis of the Knee Study. Baseline and follow-up assessments at 15 and 30 months included knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), BMI and pain assessment (VAS) over the last week. Synovitis was scored at 3 locations (infrapatellar fat pad, suprapatellar and intercondylar regions) using a semiquantitative scale (0-3) at all 3 time points on MRI. Scores at each site were added to give a summary synovitis score (0-9).We assessed 270 subjects whose mean (SD) age was 66.7 (9.2) years, BMI 31.5 (5.7) kg/m(2); 42% were female. There was no correlation of baseline synovitis with baseline pain score (r = 0.09, p = 0.17). The change in summary synovitis score was correlated with the change in pain (r = 0.21, p = 0.0003). An increase of one unit in summary synovitis score resulted in a 3.15-mm increase in VAS pain score (0-100 scale). Effusion change was not associated with pain change. Of the 3 locations for synovitis, changes in the infrapatellar fat pad were most strongly related to pain change. Despite cartilage loss occurring in over 50% of knees, synovitis was not associated with cartilage loss in either tibiofemoral or patellofemoral compartment.Change in synovitis was correlated with change in knee pain, but not loss of cartilage. Treatment of pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA) needs to consider treatment of synovitis.
Gut endocrine cell population in coeliac disease estimated by immunocytochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to chromogranin.
Authors: R Pietroletti, A E Bishop, F Carlei, M Bonamico, R V Lloyd, B S Wilson, A Ceccamea, E Lezoche, V Speranza, J M Polak
Journal: Gut (1986)

Abnormalities of gut endocrine responses, as well as changes in the number of different endocrine cell types, have been reported convincingly in coeliac patients. Nevertheless, no estimation of total numbers of gut endocrine cells has yet been made in well defined groups of coeliacs. In this study, we have visualised all endocrine cell types in jejunal biopsies from coeliac patients with active and quiescent disease as well as in controls, using a monoclonal antibody to chromogranin. This protein was purified originally from bovine adrenal medulla and is known to be a reliable marker for all endocrine cells of the gut. The following groups were considered: (a) nine coeliacs with active illness, (b) 10 coeliacs under gluten-free diet, (c) eight coeliacs receiving gluten challenge, (d) five non-coeliacs (controls). Histological (haematoxylin and eosin) and immunocytochemical (peroxidase anti-peroxidase) stains were applied to 3 micron paraffin sections. Quantitative estimation of endocrine cell density was made using four different methods in order to evaluate the results fully (number of cells/mm2, number of cells/visual field, number of cells/8 crypts-villi, number of cells/unit of length of muscularis mucosae). In patient groups (a) and (c), coeliacs with active disease and coeliacs on gluten challenge diet respectively, a significantly higher number of endocrine cells was observed in comparison with normal controls (group d). In group (b) patients, coeliacs on gluten-free diet, no significant changes in the number of endocrine cells were observed in comparison with controls. Our results show that a significant increase in endocrine cell density exists in coeliacs with active illness (groups a and c), in comparison with controls. This condition is resolved in coeliacs receiving a gluten-free diet (group b).
Pulmonary metastasectomy in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and quantitative synthesis
Authors: Francesca Fiorentino, Ian Hunt, Kristine Teoh, Tom Treasure, Martin Utley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

Summary Objectives Surgical removal of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer is undertaken increasingly but the practice is variable. There have been no randomized trials of effectiveness. We needed evidence from a systematic review to plan a randomized controlled trial. Design A formal search for all studies concerning the practice of pulmonary metastasectomy was undertaken including all published articles using pre-specified keywords. Abstracts were screened, reviewed and data extracted by at least two of the authors. Information across studies was collated in a quantitative synthesis. Results Of 101 articles identified, 51 contained sufficient quantitative information to be included in the synthesis. The reports were published between 1971 and 2007, and reported on 3504 patients. There was little change over time in patient characteristics such as age, sex, the time elapsed since resection of the primary cancer, its site or stage. The proportion with multiple metastases or elevated carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) did not change over time but there was an apparent increase in the proportion of patients who also had hepatic metastasectomy. Differences in 5-year survival between groups defined by CEA or by single versus multiple metastases persisted over time. Few data were available concerning postoperative morbidity, postoperative lung function or change in symptoms. Conclusion The quality of evidence available concerning pulmonary metastasectomy in colorectal cancer is not sufficient to draw inferences concerning the effectiveness of this surgery. There is great variety in what was reported and its utility. Given the burdensome nature of the surgery involved, better evidence, ideally in the form of a randomized trial, is required for the continuance of this practice.
Risk of Injury Associated With Body Checking Among Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Carolyn A. Emery
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Ice hockey has one of the highest sport participation and injury rates in youth in Canada. Body checking is the predominant mechanism of injury in leagues in which it is permitted.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine if risk of injury and concussion differ for Pee Wee (ages 11-12 years) ice hockey players in a league in which body checking is permitted (Alberta, Canada) vs a league in which body checking is not permitted (Quebec, Canada).<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Prospective cohort study conducted in Alberta and Quebec during the 2007-2008 Pee Wee ice hockey season. Participants (N = 2154) were players from teams in the top 60% of divisions of play.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Incidence rate ratios adjusted for cluster based on Poisson regression for game- and practice-related injury and concussion.<h3>Results</h3>Seventy-four Pee Wee teams from Alberta (n = 1108 players) and 76 Pee Wee teams from Quebec (n = 1046 players) completed the study. In total, there were 241 injuries (78 concussions) reported in Alberta (85 077 exposure-hours) and 91 injuries (23 concussions) reported in Quebec (82 099 exposure-hours). For game-related injuries, the Alberta vs Quebec incidence rate ratio was 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.31-4.60 [n = 209 and n = 70 for Alberta and Quebec, respectively]) for all injuries, 3.88 (95% CI, 1.91-7.89 [n = 73 and n = 20]) for concussion, 3.30 (95% CI, 1.77-6.17 [n = 51 and n = 16]) for severe injury (time loss, &gt;7 days), and 3.61 (95% CI, 1.16-11.23 [n=14 and n=4]) for severe concussion (time loss, &gt;10 days). The estimated absolute risk reduction (injuries per 1000 player-hours) that would be achieved if body checking were not permitted in Alberta was 2.84 (95% CI, 2.18-3.49) for all game-related injuries, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.40-1.04) for severe injuries, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.70-1.46) for concussion, and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.04-0.37) for severe concussion. There was no difference between provinces for practice-related injuries.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among 11- to 12-year-old ice hockey players, playing in a league in which body checking is permitted compared with playing in a league in which body checking is not permitted was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of all game-related injuries and the categories of concussion, severe injury, and severe concussion.
Telephone "asthma clinics"?
Authors: J Hurst
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Pinnock H, Bawden R, Proctor S, et al . Accessibility, acceptability and effectiveness in primary care of routine telephone review of asthma: pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. BMJ2003;326:477–9 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Asthma guidelines highlight the importance of regular review because non-attendees have increased morbidity. This study is the first to look at telephone consultation as a means of improving review rates. Eligible patients were adult (>18 years) asthmatics (>1 year) who had requested an inhaled bronchodilator within the past … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DPinnock%26rft.auinit1%253DH.%26rft.volume%253D326%26rft.issue%253D7387%26rft.spage%253D477%26rft.epage%253D479%26rft.atitle%253DAccessibility%252C%2Bacceptability%252C%2Band%2Beffectiveness%2Bin%2Bprimary%2Bcare%2Bof%2Broutine%2Btelephone%2Breview%2Bof%2Basthma%253A%2Bpragmatic%252C%2Brandomised%2Bcontrolled%2Btrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.326.7387.477%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12609944%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=326/7387/477&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F5%2F457.atom