tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychological stress downregulates epidermal antimicrobial peptide expression and increases severity of cutaneous infections in mice
Authors: Karin M. Aberg, Katherine A. Radek, Eung-Ho Choi, Dong-Kun Kim, Marianne Demerjian, Melanie Hupe, Joseph Kerbleski, Richard L. Gallo, Tomas Ganz, Theodora Mauro, Kenneth R. Feingold, Peter M. Elias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The skin is the first line of defense against microbial infection, and psychological stress (PS) has been shown to have adverse effects on cutaneous barrier function. Here we show that PS increased the severity of group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) cutaneous skin infection in mice; this was accompanied by increased production of endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs), which inhibited epidermal lipid synthesis and decreased lamellar body (LB) secretion. LBs encapsulate antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and PS or systemic or topical GC administration downregulated epidermal expression of murine AMPs cathelin-related AMP and beta-defensin 3. Pharmacological blockade of the stress hormone corticotrophin-releasing factor or of peripheral GC action, as well as topical administration of physiologic lipids, normalized epidermal AMP levels and delivery to LBs and decreased the severity of GAS infection during PS. Our results show that PS decreases the levels of 2 key AMPs in the epidermis and their delivery into LBs and that this is attributable to increased endogenous GC production. These data suggest that GC blockade and/or topical lipid administration could normalize cutaneous antimicrobial defense during PS or GC increase. We believe this to be the first mechanistic link between PS and increased susceptibility to infection by microbial pathogens.
THE EFFECT OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY ON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Rutger van Bommel, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Hille Koppen, Victoria Delgado, Carel JW Borleffs, Claudia Ypenburg, Matteo Bertini, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
New Seat Belt Systems as a Cause of Meralgia Paresthetica
Authors: Albert C. Cuetter
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, which transmits cutaneous sensation to the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, may be involved at the point of passage medial to the anterosuperior part of the iliac spine, with subsequent painful paresthesias known as meralgia paresthetica. This condition is often caused by trauma, obesity, increased intra-abdominal pressure, occupational posture requiring hip flexion, and pressure by a belt or truss. There appears to be little doubt that the automatic lap belt retractor, recently introduced with other safety devices in the automotive industry, is a new and avoidable cause for the production of this syndrome. New cars are equipped with a starter interlock that prevents starting the car until all front seat occupants are buckled in. Consequently, buckling of the lap belt is mandatory. The belt restraint buckle, which is fixed to the seat and is located close to it, maintains the lap belt
Prospective study of laboratory‐animal allergy: factors predisposing to sensitization and development of allergic symptoms
Authors: A. Renström, P. Malmberg, K. Larsson, B.‐M. Sundblad, P. H. Larsson
Journal: Allergy (1994)

In a prospective study of laboratory technicians, selected indicators of allergy and atopy were studied in an attempt to determine predictors of laboratory‐animal allergy (LAA). Laboratory technicians underwent spirometry, methacholine provocation tests, and blood sampling, and responded to a questionnaire during training and after 2 years' work. Among 38 laboratory‐animal‐exposed subjects, total IgE before exposure gave the best correlation ( P &lt; 0.01; Mann‐Whitney U‐test) to reported symptoms caused by laboratory animals ( n = 8) at follow‐up. The prevalence of atopy and allergic symptoms had increased in exposed technicians at follow‐up, but this was also found among unexposed matched referents ( n = 36 pairs). One subject in the exposed group reported asthma before exposure, compared with seven at follow‐up ( P &lt; 0.05; Fisher's exact test). However, the prevalence of asthma had increased from two to six (not significant) also among unexposed technicians. There were no significant differences between the groups in any measured variable at follow‐up. Among 43 subjects who later worked with laboratory animals, 21%, had a positive skin prick test for common allergens, as compared with 37% among 112 without animal exposure P = 0.06; x 2 test), suggesting selection for laboratory animal work.
Patient-Partner Satisfaction Levels With the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis
Authors: William L. Furlow
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  The editorial comments by Domeena C. Renshaw, MD (241:2637, 1979), are indeed appropriate in this era of increasing focus on the problems of sexual dysfunction and their correction. I am, however, concerned about the rather broad implication that implant surgeons are concerned primarily with the responses of the male in the preparation for penile implantation and in the postoperative follow-up. This is not our policy, as evidenced by the articles the Mayo Clinic has published concerning the preoperative evaluation of the impotent male. 1-4 All of our patients with a complaint of impotence are not only evaluated clinically, in an effort to distinguish organic from psychogenic impotence, but also undergo psychological consultation, which includes a discussion with the patient and his spouse or, in some instances, with the patient's fiancee if permission has been granted, to determine thoroughly their motivation and expectations with respect to the implantation
ACHILLES REFLEX IN THYROID DISEASE
Authors: FRANK Q. NUTTAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

Letters and Comments1 January 1966ACHILLES REFLEX IN THYROID DISEASEFRANK Q. NUTTAL, M.D., RICHARD P. DOE, M.D.FRANK Q. NUTTAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD P. DOE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-1-217 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: We have read with interest the report of Rives, Furth, and Becker in the June, 1965, issue of the ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (62: 1139) concerning Achilles reflex speed recording as a test of thyroid function.Although it was not so emphasized by the authors, they confirmed our earlier findings reported in the August, 1964, ANNALS(61: 269). We had also found that use of the shortest contraction time (S-D interval) obtained from a single leg in interpretation of the Kinemometer tracings resulted in poor separation of euthyroid individuals from those with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. On the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByElectronic Measurement of Achilles Tendon ReflexMass Screening for Hypothyroidism by the Achilles Reflex Time 1 January 1966Volume 64, Issue 1Page: 217-218KeywordsHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismReflexesThyroidThyroid diseases Issue Published: 1 January 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Host-tumor interactions: Basis for the anemia in rats bearing the hepatoma 7777
Authors: Carlos Lamar, Anne S. Greene, William B. Greene
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract A significant anemia develops in Buffalo rats bearing the Morris hepatoma 7777. By indiceal measurements the red blood cells (RBCs) appear to be microcytic and hypochromic. Ferrokinetic studies demonstrate a decreased uptake of iron in the bone marrow and an increased incorporation of iron in the spleens of the tumor‐bearing animals. RBC survival studies indicate the presence of a hemolytic component which appears to contribute to the anemia. The RBCs from tumor‐bearing animals (T‐RBC) have a greatly increased fragility in sodium chloride solutions. Inspection of these T‐RBCs by electron microscopy demonstrates significant echinocytosis when they are compared to normal cells. Electrophoretic separation of the hemoglobin from T‐RBCs shows a pattern different from normal cells and consistent with the pattern described for hemoglobin from spleen and bone marrow. The findings are consistent with bone marrow inadequacy and an increased splenic erythropoiesis which is insufficient to maintain normal hematological values. The hypothesis is presented that the RBCs synthesized under these circumstances appear in the circulation with an “immature” hemoglobin pattern and are hemolyzed more readily. This process then contributes to the hemolytic component and development of the anemia.
STUDIES ON HYPOALBUMINEMIA PRODUCED BY PROTEIN-DEFICIENT DIETS
Authors: L. A. Sachar, Abraham Horvitz, Robert Elman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

In five dogs placed on a protein-poor diet for 3 weeks, the decline in total circulating plasma albumin was a small (3 per cent) but relatively constant part of the total nitrogen lost. These data together with observations on dogs by others indicate that there is a constant relationship or partition in the loss (or gain) between plasma albumin and total body protein induced by diet. Based on this relationship a formula is developed for estimating the degree of total tissue protein deficiency from the value of the serum albumin concentration alone. This formula would also apply to the replenishment of protein deficiencies of dietary origin and it indicates that for every gram of increase in serum albumin desired about 30 gm. must be retained for increases in other proteins of the body.
Targeted complement inhibition by C3d recognition ameliorates tissue injury without apparent increase in susceptibility to infection
Authors: C. Atkinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Previous studies indicate a pivotal role for complement in mediating both local and remote injury following ischemia and reperfusion of the intestine. Here, we report on the use of a mouse model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury to investigate the strategy of targeting complement inhibition to sites of complement activation by linking an iC3b/C3dg-binding fragment of mouse complement receptor 2 (CR2) to a mouse complement-inhibitory protein, Crry. We show that the novel CR2-Crry fusion protein targets sites of local and remote (lung) complement activation following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury and that CR2-Crry requires a 10-fold lower dose than its systemic counterpart, Crry-Ig, to provide equivalent protection from both local and remote injury. CR2-Crry has a significantly shorter serum half-life than Crry-Ig and, unlike Crry-Ig, had no significant effect on serum complement activity at minimum effective therapeutic doses. Furthermore, the minimum effective dose of Crry-Ig significantly enhanced susceptibility to infection in a mouse model of acute septic peritonitis, whereas the effect of CR2-Crry on susceptibility to infection was indistinguishable from that of PBS control. Thus, compared with systemic inhibition, CR2-mediated targeting of a complement inhibitor of activation improved bioavailability, significantly enhanced efficacy, and maintained host resistance to infection.
Prognostic Implications of Lactate, Bilirubin, and Etiology in German Patients With Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Johannes Hadem, Penelope Stiefel, Matthias J. Bahr, Hans L. Tillmann, Kinan Rifai, Jürgen Klempnauer, Heiner Wedemeyer, Michael P. Manns, Andrea S. Schneider
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Concomitant Intravenous Nitroglycerin With Intracoronary Delivery of AAV1.SERCA2a Enhances Gene Transfer in Porcine Hearts
Authors: Ioannis Karakikes, Lahouaria Hadri, Kleopatra Rapti, Dennis Ladage, Kiyotake Ishikawa, Lisa Tilemann, Geng-Hua Yi, Charlotte Morel, Judith K Gwathmey, Krisztina Zsebo, Thomas Weber, Yoshiaki Kawase, Roger J Hajjar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

SERCA2a gene therapy improves contractile and energetic function of failing hearts and has been shown to be associated with benefits in clinical outcomes, symptoms, functional status, biomarkers, and cardiac structure in a phase 2 clinical trial. In an effort to enhance the efficiency and homogeneity of gene uptake in cardiac tissue, we examined the effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) in a porcine model following AAV1.SERCA2a gene delivery. Three groups of Göttingen minipigs were assessed: (i) group A: control intracoronary (IC) AAV1.SERCA2a (n = 6); (ii) group B: a single bolus IC injection of NTG (50 µg) immediately before administration of intravenous (IV) AAV1.SERCA2a (n = 6); and (iii) group C: continuous IV NTG (1 µg/kg/minute) during the 10 minutes of AAV1.SERCA2a infusion (n = 6). We found that simultaneous IV infusion of NTG and AAV1.SERCA2a resulted in increased viral transduction efficiency, both in terms of messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as SERCA2a protein levels in the whole left ventricle (LV) compared to control animals. On the other hand, IC NTG pretreatment did not result in enhanced gene transfer efficiency, mRNA or protein levels when compared to control animals. Importantly, the transgene expression was restricted to the heart tissue. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that IV infusion of NTG significantly improves cardiac gene transfer efficiency in porcine hearts. SERCA2a gene therapy improves contractile and energetic function of failing hearts and has been shown to be associated with benefits in clinical outcomes, symptoms, functional status, biomarkers, and cardiac structure in a phase 2 clinical trial. In an effort to enhance the efficiency and homogeneity of gene uptake in cardiac tissue, we examined the effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) in a porcine model following AAV1.SERCA2a gene delivery. Three groups of Göttingen minipigs were assessed: (i) group A: control intracoronary (IC) AAV1.SERCA2a (n = 6); (ii) group B: a single bolus IC injection of NTG (50 µg) immediately before administration of intravenous (IV) AAV1.SERCA2a (n = 6); and (iii) group C: continuous IV NTG (1 µg/kg/minute) during the 10 minutes of AAV1.SERCA2a infusion (n = 6). We found that simultaneous IV infusion of NTG and AAV1.SERCA2a resulted in increased viral transduction efficiency, both in terms of messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as SERCA2a protein levels in the whole left ventricle (LV) compared to control animals. On the other hand, IC NTG pretreatment did not result in enhanced gene transfer efficiency, mRNA or protein levels when compared to control animals. Importantly, the transgene expression was restricted to the heart tissue. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that IV infusion of NTG significantly improves cardiac gene transfer efficiency in porcine hearts.
The Support of Health Related Research by the Medical Foundation, Incorporated – A Ten-Year Report
Authors: Henry Wechsler, Hiram H. Nickerson, Harold W. Demone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE Medical Foundation was established in 1957 with the general purpose of supporting health-related research and of reducing the gap between the accumulation of such knowledge and its dissemination and utilization.Because of the noncategorical approach to health problems, the Medical Foundation has been unique among voluntary health agencies by its flexibility in pursuing objectives and in shifting priorities as well as by its freedom to innovate and experiment. Since 1958, with the support of United Funds, the Foundation has actively supported research in the Greater Boston area through 6 types of granting procedures: postdoctoral research fellowships to facilitate fundamental . . .
Defective B-cell proliferation and maintenance of long-term memory in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Nicola Cotugno, Andrea Finocchi, Alberto Cagigi, Gigliola Di Matteo, Maria Chiriaco, Silvia Di Cesare, Paolo Rossi, Alessandro Aiuti, Paolo Palma, Iyadh Douagi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Peripheral Gangrene in a Case of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: H. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1961)

He has remained perfectly normal through- out, and the last follow-up report, on July 9, 1961, recorded that the child (then aged 1 year 10 months) was happy, was developing normally, and was growing fast.Deglutition was normal, there was no regurgitation, and the usual foods were being taken in the normal amounts.
Effects of Coronary Arteriography on Myocardial Blood Flow
Authors: FRANK E. KLOSTER, W. GLENN FRIESEN, GERALD S. GREEN, MELVIN P. JUDKINS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Myocardial blood flow responses to selective coronary arteriography were studied in 22 patients. Left coronary flow was estimated by the radioactive inert-gas ( 133 xenon) washout technic using precordial detection. Duplicate control studies were obtained before radiocontrast injection and test studies were performed at 1 min and 3, 5, or 7 min after angiography. Eleven patients received a single 7-ml injection of methylglucamine diatrizoate and 11 were given a series of injections (average total 40 ml), with the test blood flow studies after the final injection. Myocardial flow increased in every patient 1 min after contrast injection (average control flow 66.3 ml/min/100 g; test flow 78.8, +18.9%, P &lt; 0.001). Blood flow increased further in seven of 10 studied at 3 min (average 95.7 ml/min/100 g, +35.7%, P &lt; 0.001) and remained elevated at 5 and 7 min. Systemic pressure was unchanged from the control level, so coronary vascular resistance decreased in proportion to the increase in flow. Blood flow responses in patients with coronary artery disease were no different from normal subjects. Sham injections of normal saline produced no increase in coronary flow. Selective coronary arteriography results in a prompt increase in myocardial blood flow which persists for several minutes. The probable mechanism is coronary vasodilatation produced by the markedly hypertonic contrast material, an effect demonstrated previously in other vascular beds.
The Healthy Worker Effect in Asthma
Authors: Nicole Le Moual, Francine Kauffmann, Ellen A. Eisen, Susan M. Kennedy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Despite the increasing attention to the relationship between asthma and work exposures, occupational asthma remains underrecognized and its population burden underestimated. This may be due, in part, to the fact that traditional approaches to studying asthma in populations cannot adequately take into account the healthy worker effect (HWE). The HWE is the potential bias caused by the phenomenon that sicker individuals may choose work environments in which exposures are low; they may be excluded from being hired; or once hired, they may seek transfer to less exposed jobs or leave work. This article demonstrates that population- and workplace-based asthma studies are particularly subject to HWE bias, which leads to underestimates of relative risks. Our objective is to describe the HWE as it relates to asthma research, and to discuss the significance of taking HWE bias into account in designing and interpreting asthma studies. We also discuss the importance of understanding HWE bias for public health practitioners and for clinicians. Finally, we emphasize the timeliness of this review in light of the many longitudinal "child to young adult" asthma cohort studies currently underway. These prospective studies will soon provide an ideal opportunity to examine the impact of early workplace environments on asthma in young adults. We urge occupational and childhood asthma epidemiologists collaborate to ensure that this opportunity is not lost.
Autoimmune islet destruction in spontaneous type 1 diabetes is not β-cell exclusive
Authors: Shawn Winer, Hubert Tsui, Ambrose Lau, Aihua Song, Xiaomao Li, Roy K. Cheung, Anastazia Sampson, Fatemeh Afifiyan, Alisha Elford, George Jackowski, Dorothy J. Becker, Pere Santamaria, Pamela Ohashi, H -Michael Dosch
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) on human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: T Tatsumi, T Takehara, K Katayama, K Mochizuki, M Yamamoto, T Kanto, Y Sasaki, A Kasahara, N Hayashi
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Costimulation mediated by costimulatory molecules, such as B7-1 and B7-2, which are ligands for the CD28/cytolytic T lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4 counter-receptor, plays an important role in the induction of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. We investigated the expressions of B7-1, B7-2, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I in seven human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometric analysis. RT-PCR showed that all these human HCC cell lines were positive for B7-1 and B7-2 at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that they all expressed B7-1, B7-2, and HLA class I on the cell surface. However, the expression levels of B7-1 and B7-2 were very low whereas those of HLA class I were high. B7-1 and B7-2 expression could be increased by treatment with interferon α and interferon γ in a dose-dependent manner, although the expression levels of B7-1 and B7-2 after interferon treatment remained low. By transfecting Hep3B cells with a plasmid containing human B7-1 complementary cDNA (cDNA), we were able to establish Hep3B cell lines strongly expressing B7-1. From mixed lymphocytes and tumor cultures analysis, the primary cytolytic activity against parental Hep3B cells could be induced effectively by B71-transfected Hep3B cells. These findings suggested that B7-1 gene transfer is the best way to induce strong expression of this molecule and this might be useful for immuno-gene therapy against human HCC.
Pressure Ulcers: The Benefits and Costs of New Therapies
Authors: Melvin J. Breite
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Ferrell et al<sup>1</sup>describing a randomized trial of low-air-loss beds for treatment of pressure ulcers was well designed, but the conclusion lacks some up-to-date information. The authors appear satisfied with improved healing of the pressure ulcers in the trial and discuss the value of these beds in restoring comfort and quality of life for nursing home residents. They admit, however, that they did not consider the economics of widespread use of low-air-loss bed technology. Apparently, they were not aware of the study by Itoh et al,<sup>2</sup>or they would have learned that pressure ulcers are being completely healed—and at substantial economic savings. The study by Itoh et al, conducted at the New York University service at Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York, evaluated the effect of Diapulse (pulsed high-frequency, high-peak power electromagnetic energy; Diapulse of America, Manhassett, NY) in healing of pressure ulcers.
Acute bronchitis and clinical outcome three years later: prospective cohort study
Authors: J. S. Jonsson, T. Gislason, D. Gislason, J. A Sigurdsson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Acute bronchitis is a common disorder 1 usually assumed to be caused by a viral infection 2 with no beneficial effect resulting from antibiotic treatment. 3 We examined whether acute bronchitis in a healthy individual should be regarded as an isolated event or a predictor of chronic lung disorders that has not yet clearly manifested itself clinically-that is, as bronchial hyperresponsiveness, asthma, or chronic bronchitis.