tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuropathy and Related Findings in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: Catherine L. Martin, James W. Albers, Rodica Pop-Busui
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To describe the development and progression of neuropathy and related findings among patients with type 1 diabetes who participated in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The main diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) outcome was assessed using clinical symptoms, signs, and nerve conduction study results during DCCT and repeated in EDIC year 13/14. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was assessed by R-R response to paced breathing, Valsalva ratio, and blood pressure response to standing during DCCT and in EDIC years 13/14 and 16/17. Additionally, symptoms reflecting neuropathic pain and autonomic function (including hypoglycemia awareness) were collected yearly in EDIC using standardized questionnaires; peripheral neuropathy was also assessed annually using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Assessments of genitourinary function were collected at EDIC year 10. RESULTS Intensive therapy during the DCCT significantly reduced the risk of DPN and CAN at DCCT closeout (64% and 45%, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.01). The prevalence and incidence of DPN and CAN remained significantly lower in the DCCT intensive therapy group compared with the DCCT conventional therapy group through EDIC year 13/14. CONCLUSIONS The persistent effects of prior intensive therapy on neuropathy measures through 14 years of EDIC largely mirror those observed for other diabetes complications. DCCT/EDIC provides important information on the influence of glycemic control, and the clinical course of diabetic neuropathy, and, most important, on how to prevent neuropathy in type 1 diabetes.
Quality of Life in Goserelin-Treated Versus Cyclophosphamide + Methotrexate + Fluorouracil–Treated Premenopausal and Perimenopausal Patients With Node-Positive, Early Breast Cancer: The Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association Trialists Group
Authors: H. de Haes, M. Olschewski, M. Kaufmann, M. Schumacher, W. Jonat, W. Sauerbrei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To compare quality of life (QoL) in premenopausal and perimenopausal patients with node-positive, early breast cancer treated with the endocrine agent goserelin (Zoladex; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DE) or cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + fluorouracil (CMF).Patients from 86 centers worldwide were randomly assigned to receive either goserelin (3.6 mg every 28 days for 2 years; n = 514) or CMF (six 28-day cycles; n = 496), and were included in the QoL study. QoL was assessed using a self-administered patient questionnaire that consisted of 39 items from the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, including dimensions evaluating physical and psychological symptom distress, activities of daily living, hormonal effects, and an assessment of overall QoL.Early benefits were noted during months 3 to 6 of treatment, for goserelin compared with CMF. Significant differences were found for changes in overall QoL (eg, 6.96 +/- 0.88 v 0.69 +/- 0.92 at 6 months; P <.0001) and for physical symptom distress, activity levels, and "effort to cope with illness" dimensions. At 1, 2, and 3 years, there were no significant differences in overall QoL or specific QoL dimensions. Scores for hormonal symptoms were worse with goserelin during the 2-year goserelin treatment period; however, this trend was reversed at 3 years.Goserelin offers improved overall QoL during the first 6 months of therapy compared with CMF chemotherapy in premenopausal and perimenopausal patients with early breast cancer. Coupled with equivalent efficacy in estrogen receptor-positive patients, these data support the use of goserelin as an alternative to CMF in premenopausal and perimenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive, node-positive early breast cancer.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Nick H. Kim, Marion Delcroix, Xavier Jais, Michael M. Madani, Hiromi Matsubara, Eckhard Mayer, Takeshi Ogo, Victor F. Tapson, Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani, David P. Jenkins
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a complication of pulmonary embolism and a major cause of chronic PH leading to right heart failure and death. Lung ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy is the screening test of choice; a normal scan rules out CTEPH. In the case of an abnormal perfusion scan, a high-quality pulmonary angiogram is necessary to confirm and define the pulmonary vascular involvement and prior to making a treatment decision. PH is confirmed with right heart catheterisation, which is also necessary for treatment determination. In addition to chronic anticoagulation therapy, each patient with CTEPH should receive treatment assessment starting with evaluation for pulmonary endarterectomy, which is the guideline recommended treatment. For technically inoperable cases, PH-targeted medical therapy is recommended (currently riociguat based on the CHEST studies), and balloon pulmonary angioplasty should be considered at a centre experienced with this challenging but potentially effective and complementary intervention.
Usual and Unusual Agranulocytosis During Neuroleptic Therapy
Authors: J. V. ANANTH, J. V. VALLES, J. P. WHITELAW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Agranulocytosis, an uncommon side effect of phenothiazine treatment, usually occurs within the first three months of such treatment and remits after the substitution of another neuroleptic. The authors report one patient in whom the illness took its usual course and two in whom it did not. Of these two, one patient demonstrated agranulocytosis only after years of phenothiazine therapy and the other showed agranulocytic reactions to various neuroleptics.
Walking or vitamin B for cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: J G Z van Uffelen, M J M Chinapaw, W van Mechelen, M Hopman-Rock
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

To examine the effects of aerobic exercise or vitamin B supplementation on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Randomised placebo-controlled trial.General community.Community-dwelling adults aged 70-80 with MCI. Interventions : The 152 participants were randomly assigned to two(1) a twice-weekly, group-based, moderate-intensity walking programme (WP, n = 77) or a low-intensity placebo activity programme (n = 75) for one year; and (2) daily vitamin pill containing 5 mg folic acid, 0.4 mg vitamin B-12, 50 mg vitamin B-6 (FA/B12/B6, n = 78) or placebo pill (n = 74) for one year.Cognitive function, measured with neuropsychological tests at baseline and after six and 12 months.Median session attendance at the exercise programmes (25th-75th percentile) was 63% (2%-81%) and median compliance with taking pills (25th-75th percentile) was 100% (99%-100%). Gender was an effect modifier. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed no main intervention effect for either intervention. In women in the WP, attention (Stroop combination task) improved by 0.3 seconds (p = 0.04) and memory (auditory verbal learning test) by 0.04 words (p = 0.06) with each percentage increase in session attendance. In men attending at least 75% of the sessions, the WP improved memory (beta 1.5 (95% CI: 0.1 to 3.0) words).The walking programme and/or FA/B12/B6 supplementation were not effective in improving cognition within one year. The walking programme, however, was efficacious in improving memory in men and memory and attention in women with better adherence.International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register, 19227688, http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/
Improvement in early saphenous vein graft patency after coronary artery bypass surgery with antiplatelet therapy: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study.
Authors: S Goldman, J Copeland, T Moritz, W Henderson, K Zadina, T Ovitt, J Doherty, R Read, E Chesler, Y Sako
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To determine whether specific antiplatelet therapies improved vein graft patency after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) we compared (1) aspirin, 325 mg daily, (2) aspirin, 325 mg three times daily, (3) aspirin plus dipyridamole (325 mg and 75 mg, respectively, three times daily), (4) sulfinpyrazone (267 mg three times daily), and (5) placebo (three times daily). Therapy, except aspirin, was started 48 hr before CABG. When aspirin was a treatment, one 325 mg dose was given 12 hr before surgery and therapy was maintained thereafter according to the assigned regimen. Angiographic graft patency data were obtained within 60 days of surgery. Analysis of early graft patency in 555 patients (1781 grafts), revealed the following graft patency rates: aspirin daily, 93.5%; aspirin three times daily, 92.3%; aspirin and dipyridamole, 91.9%; and sulfinpyrazone, 90.2%. All aspirin-containing therapeutic regimens improved (p less than .05) graft patency compared with placebo (85.2%). Chest tube drainage measured within the first 35 hr after CABG revealed that the median loss with aspirin daily (965 ml), aspirin three times daily (1175 ml), and aspirin plus dipyridamole (1000 ml) exceeded (p less than .02) that with placebo (805 ml), while median loss with sulfinpyrazone (775 ml) did not. The reoperation rate was greater (p less than .01) in all the treatment groups that received aspirin (6.5%) compared with the two nonaspirin groups (1.7%). Overall operative mortality was 2.3%, without significant differences among treatment groups. Transient renal insufficiency occurred in 5.3% of patients taking sulfinpyrazone. Thus, early vein graft patency was improved after CABG with all aspirin-containing drug regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infliximab plus methotrexate is superior to methotrexate alone in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis in methotrexate-naive patients: the RESPOND study
Authors: Asta Baranauskaite, Helena Raffayová, NV Kungurov, Anna Kubanova, Algirdas Venalis, Laszlo Helmle, Shankar Srinivasan, Evgeny Nasonov, Nathan Vastesaeger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate with methotrexate alone in methotrexate-naive patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). <h3>Methods</h3> In this open-label study, patients 18 years and older with active PsA who were naive to methotrexate and not receiving disease-modifying therapy (N=115) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either infliximab (5 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and 14 plus methotrexate (15 mg/week); or methotrexate (15 mg/week) alone. The primary assessment was American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response at week 16. Secondary outcome measures included psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) and dactylitis and enthesitis assessments. <h3>Results</h3> At week 16, 86.3% of patients receiving infliximab plus methotrexate and 66.7% of those receiving methotrexate alone achieved an ACR20 response (p&lt;0.02). Of patients whose baseline PASI was 2.5 or greater, 97.1% receiving infliximab plus methotrexate compared with 54.3% receiving methotrexate alone experienced a 75% or greater improvement in PASI (p&lt;0.0001). Improvements in C-reactive protein levels, DAS28 response and remission rates, dactylitis, fatigue and morning stiffness duration were also significantly greater in the group receiving infliximab. In the infliximab plus methotrexate group, 46% (26/57) had treatment-related adverse events (AE) and two patients had serious AE, compared with 24% with AE (13/54) and no serious AE in the methotrexate-alone group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate in methotrexate-naive patients with active PsA demonstrated significantly greater ACR20 response rates and PASI75 improvement compared with methotrexate alone and was generally well tolerated. This trial is registered in the US National Institutes of Health clinicaltrials.gov database, identifier NCT00367237.
Report on Medical Licensure
Authors: William E. Jacott
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertrophic repair of articular cartilage in experimental osteoarthrosis.
Authors: E Vignon, M Arlot, D Hartmann, B Moyen, G Ville
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Section of the anterior cruciate ligament has been performed in the knee of 11 mature dogs. The macroscopically normal cartilage from patella and femoral trochlea of animals killed from 2 to 32 weeks after operation was used for histological, histomorphometrical, and biochemical analysis. Previously undescribed degenerative lesions of the superficial matrix were observed, and there was evidence for secondary healing of these lesions. An early and progressive decrease in superficial cell density and a later progressive increase in cartilage thickness without any change in the cell density of the middle and deep cartilage layers was found. A slight increase in water content with no reduction in glycosaminoglycan content was observed. The results suggest that joint laxity results initially in superficial degenerative changes and later in hypertrophic regenerative changes due to cell proliferation and increased matrix synthesis. Hypertrophic remodeling of articular cartilage in response to abnormal mechanical stresses is postulated.
Type specific persistence of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) as indicator of high grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in young women: population based prospective follow up study
Authors: Susanne K Kjaer, Adriaan J C van den Brule, Gerson Paull, Edith I Svare, Mark E Sherman, Birthe L Thomsen, Mette Suntum, Johannes E Bock, Paul A Poll, Chris J L M Meijer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of cervical neoplasia in women with no previous cervical cytological abnormalities; whether the presence of virus DNA predicts development of squamous intraepithelial lesion; and whether the risk of incident squamous intraepithelial lesions differs with repeated detection of the same HPV type versus repeated detection of different types. <b>Design:</b> Population based prospective cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> General population in Copenhagen, Denmark. <b>Participants:</b> 10 758 women aged 20-29 years followed up for development of cervical cytological abnormalities; 370 incident cases were detected (40 with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 165 with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 165 with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Results of cervical smear tests and cervical swabs at enrolment and at the second examination about two years later. <b>Results:</b> Compared with women who were negative for human papillomavirus at enrolment, those with positive results had a significantly increased risk at follow up of having atypical cells (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 7.9), low grade lesions (7.5, 4.8 to 11.7), or high grade lesions (25.8,15.3 to 43.6). Similarly, women who were positive for HPV at the second examination had a strongly increased risk of low (34.3,17.6 to 67.0) and high grade lesions (60.7, 25.5 to 144.0). For high grade lesions the risk was strongly increased if the same virus type was present at both examinations (813.0, 168.2 to 3229.2). <b>Conclusions:</b> Infection with human papillomavirus precedes the development of low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. For high grade lesions the risk is greatest in women positive for the same type of HPV on repeated testing.
Tissue Levels of Reduced Folates in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma After Infusion of Folinic Acid at Various Dose Levels
Authors: Marcus Schlemmer, Michael Kuehl, Andreas Schalhorn, Josefine Rauch, Karl-W. Jauch, Marcus Hentrich
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by folinic acid (FA) improves response rate and overall survival compared with 5-FU alone. However, the optimal dose of FA is still debated. We investigated reduced folate pools in various tissues from patients with CRC without and after prior administration of FA.A total of 186 specimens (normal colorectal mucosa, primary colorectal tumor, normal liver, and liver metastases) from 86 consecutive patients with CRC were obtained and investigated for levels of reduced folates. Before surgery, patients did (n = 52) or did not (n = 34) receive FA as 15-minute i.v. infusion. FA-dose levels chosen were 20, 200, or 500 mg/m2. Tissue lysates were analyzed for reduced folate levels by means of the tritium release assay.In normal mucosa, combined pools of tetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methylenetetra-hydrofolate were significantly elevated at all FA dose levels compared with untreated controls. In primary tumor, only 200 and 500 mg/m2 FA resulted in a significant increase of reduced folates with highest values measured after 500 mg/m2 FA. In specimens from normal liver, folate levels did not increase after administration of FA. By contrast, in specimens from liver metastases, reduced folate levels were low without FA pretreatment compared with levels from normal liver samples. Infusion of 500 mg/m2 FA caused a significant increase of reduced folate levels in liver metastases.From a pharmacologic point of view, high-dose FA should be recommended for optimal modulation of 5-FU in patients with mCRC.
Impact of a pulmonary laboratory quality control oversight on continual improvement
Authors: Carl Mottram, Susan Blonshine, Karin Kijek, Jeremy Road
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a quality control (QC) oversight program on compliance with QC, biological coefficient of variation (CV) targets, and test performance improvements.

Methods: The Diagnostic Accreditation Program (DAP) of British Columbia is responsible for accrediting 27 pulmonary function (PF) laboratories representing 45 testing systems throughout the Canadian province. In 2008 DAP elevated the required elements of their quality assurance program to be more consistent with the current ATS-ERS recommendations for QC testing. This included increasing the frequency of the biological testing and adding a diffusing capacity mechanical QC model. DAP also changed the data review model to include assessment by an external consultant with a feedback report process to the sites. We compared the data through 2011 to assess the impact of the feedback process. Data were categorized into major and minor subsets for compliance, BioQC targets, and test performance based on an assessment of overall impact of the deficiency on lab performance (e.g. BioQC DLCO CV target  5 10% a major deficiency).

View this table:

Results





Discussion: There was a significant improvement in all three areas of the monitoring program with a total improvement of 61% (p<0.05). Using a formal external oversight process which includes written feedback appears to improve the overall outcome of this regulated quality assurance program.
Neurological manifestations of dengue infection
Authors: Tom Solomon, Nguyen Minh Dung, David W Vaughn, Rachel Kneen, Le Thi Thu Thao, Boonyos Raengsakulrach, Ha Thi Loan, Nicholas PJ Day, Jeremy Farrar, Khin SA Myint, Mary J Warrell, William S James, Amanda Nisalak, Nicholas J White
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Extramedullary erythropoiesis in human liver grafts
Authors: Hans Jürgen Schlitt, Sabine Schäfers, Andrea Deiwick, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Torsten Pietsch, Wolfram Ebell, Björn Nashan, Burckhardt Ringe, Kurt Wonigeit, Rudolf Pichlmayr
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Extramedullary erythropoiesis in the adult is very rare and is generally confined to situations of severe bone marrow irritation or replacement. In this study, we describe the occurrence of intrahepatic erythropoiesis in patients who have received a liver allograft and who have no evidence of bone marrow dysfunction. By routinely performed transplant aspiration cytology (TAC), marked intrahepatic erythropoiesis could be detected in 39 of 312 patients (12.5%) with liver allograft. In 19 patients, including 5 of 8 (63%) after combined liver and kidney transplantation, intrahepatic erythropoiesis occurred within the first 3 weeks after surgery. Twenty patients showed intrahepatic erythropoiesis between 3 weeks and 4 months after transplantation. Erythropoiesis was usually transient, lasting between 1 and 3 weeks. Cytologically, mature as well as immature erythroblasts of GlyA + CD36 + CD45 − phenotype could be detected in the grafts, whereas they were absent in blood; histologically, the cells could be localized to the sinusoids of the liver. There was no clear correlation of preoperative or postoperative hemoglobin levels, graft function, kidney function, and immunosuppressive medication with the presence or absence of erythropoiesis. Moreover, serum levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and stem cell factor (SCF) in patients with and without intrahepatic erythropoiesis in the early postoperative phase did not show significant differences. These findings show that intrahepatic erythropoiesis can occur transiently in human liver allografts and suggest that systemic stimuli as well as local factors may contribute to it.