tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
One-Shock Versus Three-Shock Defibrillation Protocol Significantly Improves Outcome in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Wanchun Tang, David Snyder, Jinglan Wang, Lei Huang, Yun-Te Chang, Shijie Sun, Max Harry Weil
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The success of resuscitation with a 1-shock versus the conventional 3-shock defibrillation protocol was investigated subject to the range of treatment variation imposed by automated external defibrillators (AEDs).Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 44 domestic pigs. After 7 minutes of untreated VF, animals were randomized among 4 groups representing all combinations of the 1- versus 3-shock protocol and 2 different AED regimens (AED1, AED2). Because few AEDs support a 1-shock protocol, manual defibrillators were used to replicate the AED treatment regimen: electrical waveform, dose sequence, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) interruption intervals. Initial shock(s) were delivered, followed by 60 seconds of CPR, and the treatment was repeated until resuscitation was successful or for 15 minutes. The 1-shock protocol was associated with improved outcome, reducing CPR interruptions from 45% to 34% of total resuscitation time (P=0.019) and increasing survival from 64% to 100% (P=0.004). Survival was 91% for AED1 versus 36% for AED2 (P=0.024) with a 3-shock protocol but was increased to 100% for both by adoption of a 1-shock protocol. Improvements in postresuscitation left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume were observed with AED1 compared with AED2 (difference of means, 15% and 28% of baseline respectively, P<0.001) regardless of defibrillation protocol.Adoption of a 1-shock versus a 3-shock resuscitation protocol improved survival and minimized outcome differences imposed by variations in AED design and implementation. When a conventional 3-shock defibrillation protocol was used, however, the choice of AED had a significant impact on resuscitation outcome.
Prolonged Paroxysmal Auricular Tachycardia
Authors: Ernest W. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THERE have been several reports in the literature of cases of prolonged paroxysmal auricular tachycardia. The case reported below is presented because it is somewhat rare and it is the first case in which veratrum viride has successfully though temporarily stopped an episode of tachycardia.Peterman1 reported a quite similar case in a six-year-old child who developed an auricular rate of 160 in November, 1943, and at the time of the study (January, 1946) the tachycardia had persisted. Digitalis was given until toxic effects were produced without stopping the tachycardia; mecholyl produced only temporary conversion to normal rhythm, and papaverine, . . .
Calcified Echinococcus (Hydatid) Cyst of the Spleen
Authors: Joaquin Soler-Bechara, John L. Soscia
Journal: JAMA (1964)

OF THE PARASITES which infest man,<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>has been rightfully called the most dramatic actor.<sup>1</sup>The adult worm is one of the smallest, measuring 2.5 mm to 9 mm in length, and its cysts are the largest, reaching up to 20 cm in diameter.<sup>2</sup>Almost any organ in the body may be involved by the cystic form, the liver and lungs being invaded in 85% of the cases.<sup>2,4</sup>Hydatid cysts of the spleen, however, are comparatively rare, and account for 0.8% to 3.7% of all cases of hydatid disease.<sup>1,3</sup> A comprehensive review of the literature by Katz and Pan in 1958<sup>3</sup>disclosed that from 1822 to 1956 only 17 cases of hydatid cysts of the spleen had been reported in the US. Since then, one additional case has been described.<sup>5</sup>Mills and Fowler<sup>1</sup>collected 47 cases from the world's literature between 1900
Comparison of interhospital pediatric intensive care transport accompanied by a referring specialist or a specialist retrieval team
Authors: Gijs D. Vos, Annemieke C. Nissen, Fred H.M.Nieman, Mieke M. B. Meurs, Dick A. van Waardenburg, Graham Ramsay, Raymond A. M. G. Donckerwolcke
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPONTANEOUS ENCEPHALITIS IN RABBITS
Authors: E. V. Cowdry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

The observations reported in this paper seem to justify the hope that the obstacle afforded to experimentation by the frequent presence of spontaneous encephalitis and nephritis in American and European rabbits does not exist to the same degree in rabbits from certain other localities. The observations are, furthermore despite their obvious limitations, in conformity with the theory that the disease is not one common to domestic rabbits everywhere, but rather that it occurs in special localities from which, given favorable conditions, it may spread. Thus far it has not been reported in tropical climates or south of the equator.
Abstract P6-06-25: Usefulness of pretreatment NLR as prognostic factor of late recurrence, 5-year after primary treatment
Authors: H Noh, J Lee, E Choi, A Han
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background Prognostic factor and predictive factors are well established in early-stage breast cancer, but less is known about recurrence, especially 5-year after primary treatment. While mortality of breast cancer is from organic dysfunction with metastatic disease, not from the diseased breast itself, still we do not have adequate information about metastatic disease as we do about primary breast cancer itself. The aim of this study is to investigate of usefulness of pretreatment NLR(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) as prognostic factor that can tell risk of recurrence 5- year after primary treatment. Patients and methods A retrospective review of invasive breast cancer patients surgically resected between January 2001 and December 2007. Exclusion criteria were as followings: patients with recurrence or death within 5yrs. Results A total of 301 patients were included and 13 patients experienced with recurrence after 5 years. Table 1. Patients' characteristics Total (n = 301) N (%)Age*48.8(±11.4)Age ≤3525(8.3)35&amp;lt; ≤50165(54.8)50&amp;lt;111(36.9)Histology Ductal270(89.7)Lobular7(2.3)Others24(8.0)Tumor size (cm)*2.73(±1.64)T stage T1126(41.9)T2158(52.5)T317(5.6)N stage N0199(66.1)N167(22.3)N220(6.6)N311(3.7)unknown4(1.3)Histologic grade I72(23.9)II110(36.5)III70 (23.3)unknown49(16.3)Estrogen receptor Negative111(36.9)Positive185(61.5)unknown5(1.6)Progesterone receptor Negative129(42.9)Positive167(55.5)Unknown5(1.6)HER-2 Negative196(65.1)Positive98(32.6)unknown7(2.3)Molecular subtype Luminal A136(45.2)Luminal B66(21.9)HER-2 enriched32(10.6)Triple negative60(20.0)unknown7(2.3)Late recur Yes13(4.3)No288(95.7)*mean±SD Overall average of NLR value was 2.16, median value was 1.83. The average NLR were 2.80±1.68 in patients with recurrences occurred after 5 years and 2.13±1.15 in patients without recurrence. The NLR cutoff value of 1.83 was determined by median value. In 1.83≤NLR group has a higher incidence of recurrence after 5 years compared with NLR&amp;lt;1.83 group (8yr DFS 99.2% vs. 93.3%, p = 0.021). Especially in luminal A(ER (+) or PR (+), HER-2(-)), 1.83≤NLR group has a higher incidence of recurrence after 5 years compared with NLR&amp;lt;1.83 group (8yr DFS 100% vs. 87.0%, p = 0.015). Conclusion We found that pretreatment NLR is associated with late recurrence that occurs after five years. And we suggest that NLR could be used as one of the prognostic factor that can tell about late recurrence, 5-year after primary treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-06-25.
TCT-782 Immediate Reduction of RT3D Color Doppler Vena Contracta Area after Transcatheter Mitral Leaflet Repair – Influence of the EVEREST Criteria
Authors: Bjoern Plicht, Philipp Kahlert, Tanja Grave, Thomas Buck, Raimund Erbel, Thomas Konorza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Abdominal Hemorrhage
Authors: Elizabeth S. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IN A patient with a history of trauma, sudden abdominal pain, falling hematocrit reading, and an abdominal mass, the diagnosis of retroperitoneal hemorrhage is secure. In many cases, however, the clinical presentation is not classic, and the diagnosis is difficult. The patient may have only vague abdominal pain and no other clinical findings. No documented decrease in hematocrit reading may exist, even though the hematocrit reading may be low and no palpable abdominal mass or history of trauma may be present. Although hemorrhage may be suspected, confirmation is difficult.<sup>1</sup>Conventional radiological findings are often subtle. Computed tomography (CT) offers a simple means of confirming suspected hemorrhage. With CT, peritoneal or retroperitoneal hemorrhage and its extent generally can be detected. On occasion, the reason for the hemorrhage can also be determined. This is important in determining appropriate treatment. <h3>General Considerations</h3> Hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity appears on CT scan as
MiR-146a regulates the TRAF6/TNF-axis in donor T cells during GVHD
Authors: Natalie Stickel, Gabriele Prinz, Dietmar Pfeifer, Peter Hasselblatt, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Marie Follo, Robert Thimme, Jürgen Finke, Justus Duyster, Ulrich Salzer, Robert Zeiser
Journal: Blood (2014)
Attenuation by oral<i>N</i>-acetylcysteine of bleomycin-induced lung injury in rats
Authors: J. Cortijo, M. Cerdá-Nicolás, A. Serrano, G. Bioque, J.M. Estrela, F. Santangelo, A. Esteras, A. Llombart-Bosch, E.J. Morcillo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Antioxidant therapy may be useful in diseases with impaired oxidant-antioxidant balance such as pulmonary fibrosis. This study examines the effect of N -acetylcysteine (NAC) on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. NAC (3 mmol·kg −1 ; oral) was given daily from 1 week prior to a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.5 U·kg −1 ) or saline, until 14 days postinstillation. NAC partially decreased the augmented collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content was 4,354±386 and 3,416±326 µg·lung −1 in vehicle-treated and NAC-treated rats, respectively; p&lt;0.05). The histological assessment using a semiquantitative score showed less collagen deposition and inflammatory cells in NAC-treated rats compared to those receiving bleomycin alone. NAC failed to inhibit the bleomycin-induced increases in lung wet weight and in cell counts and protein levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but significantly increased total glutathione and taurine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results indicate that oral N -acetylcysteine improves the pulmonary antioxidant protection and may be useful in reducing lung damage produced by bleomycin.
"Intact nephrons" as the primary origin of proteinuria in chronic renal disease. Study in the rat model of subtotal nephrectomy.
Authors: T Yoshioka, H Shiraga, Y Yoshida, A Fogo, A D Glick, W M Deen, J R Hoyer, I Ichikawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Single nephron filtration rate of albumin (SNGFRAlb) was measured in remnant nephrons of Munich-Wistar rats 4-6 wk after subtotal nephrectomy (NPX). Serial thin-section histological analysis was then conducted on the same glomeruli by light microscopy. SNGFRAlb ranged from 1 to 15 times normal. However, a direct relationship between abnormalities of structure and function was not seen, e.g. the glomeruli with the fewest structural abnormalities and marked hyperfiltration often had the highest SNGFRAlb. Moreover, the majority of glomeruli had minimal structural abnormalities. Normalization of the markedly elevated glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) in these glomeruli was accomplished by acute intravenous infusion of verapamil, which decreased SNGFRAlb by 9-83% without affecting the single nephron filtration rate of water (SNGFRH2O). 1-2 wk after subtotal NPX, all glomeruli were hyperfiltering and had elevated PGC. The fractional clearance of larger (greater than 36 A) dextrans was selectively increased in these glomeruli that lacked discernible damage by light microscopy. Verapamil normalized PGC, reduced proteinuria to 48 +/- 4% of baseline, and improved glomerular size selectivity without altering SNGFRH2O. Proteinuria after subtotal NPX thus originates largely from glomeruli with minimal structural abnormalities. The defect in size selectivity is largely attributed to the prevailing high PGC, producing large, nonselective channels on the glomerular capillary wall. The observations raise the possibility that in chronic renal diseases, the reduction in proteinuria often seen after therapeutic measures, including antihypertensive medication, may reflect their functional effect on the relatively intact glomeruli rather than their structure-sparing effect on severely damaged glomeruli, which contribute little to the proteinuria.
Molecular Mechanism of SSR128129E, an Extracellularly Acting, Small-Molecule, Allosteric Inhibitor of FGF Receptor Signaling
Authors: Corentin Herbert, Ulrich Schieborr, Krishna Saxena, Jarek Juraszek, Frederik De Smet, Chantal Alcouffe, Marc Bianciotto, Giorgio Saladino, David Sibrac, Denis Kudlinzki, Sridhar Sreeramulu, Alan Brown, Patrice Rigon, Jean-Pascal Herault, Gilbert Lassalle, Tom L. Blundell, Frederic Rousseau, Ann Gils, Joost Schymkowitz, Peter Tompa, Jean-Marc Herbert, Peter Carmeliet, Francesco Luigi Gervasio, Harald Schwalbe, Françoise Bono
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Mutation in EGFP Domain of LDL Receptor-Related Protein 6 Impairs Cellular LDL Clearance
Authors: Wenzhong Liu, Sheida Mani, Nicole R. Davis, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Paula B. Kavathas, Arya Mani
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Mutation in the EGFP domain of LDL receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6(R611C)) is associated with hypercholesterolemia and early-onset atherosclerosis, but the mechanism by which it causes disease is not known. Cholesterol uptake was examined in cells from LRP6(+/-) mice and LRP6(R611C) mutation carriers. Splenic B cells of LRP6(+/-) mice have significantly lower LRP6 expression and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake than those of the wild-type littermates. Although similar levels of total LRP6 were found in lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) of LRP6(R611C) mutation carriers and those of the unaffected family member, LDL uptake was significantly lower in the mutant cells. Mutant and wild-type receptors show similar affinities for apolipoprotein B at neutral pH. LRP6 colocalized with LDL and was coimmunoprecipitated with NPC1 (Niemann-Pick disease type C1), an endocytic regulator of LDL trafficking. However, the cellular localization of LRP6 in the mutant cells shifted from cell surface to late endosomes/lysosomes. Plasma membrane expression levels of LRP6(R611C) was lower compared to wild-type receptor and declined to a greater extent in LDL-rich medium. Further examinations revealed lower efficacy of apolipoprotein B dissociation from LRP6(R611C) compared to wild-type receptor at an acidic pH. These studies identify LRP6 as a receptor for LDL endocytosis and imply that R611C mutation results in reduced LRP6 membrane expression and decreased LDL clearance. Based on our findings, we conclude that the increased affinity of the mutant receptor for LDL in acidic pH leads to their impaired dissociation in late endosomes, which compromises their recycling to the plasma membrane.
Head and Neck Tumor Hypoxia Imaging by 18F-Fluoroazomycin-arabinoside (18F-FAZA)-PET
Authors: Gyorgy B. Halmos, Leonie Bruine de Bruin, Johannes A. Langendijk, Bernard F. A. M. van der Laan, Jan Pruim, Roel J. H. M. Steenbakkers
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Tumor hypoxia is known to be associated with poor clinical outcome; therefore, patients with hypoxic tumors might benefit from more intensive treatment approaches. This is particularly true for patients with head and neck cancer. Pretreatment assessment of hypoxia in tumors would be desirable, not only to predict prognosis but also to select patients for more aggressive treatment. As an alternative to the invasive polarographic needle electrode method, there is the possibility of using PET with radiopharmaceuticals visualizing hypoxia. Most hypoxia imaging studies on head and cancer have been performed using 18F-labeled fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO). A chemically related molecule, 18F-fluoroazomycin-arabinoside (18F-FAZA), seems to have superior kinetic properties and may therefore be the radiopharmaceutical of choice. This minireview summarizes the published literature on animal and human 18F-FAZA PET studies. Furthermore, future perspectives on how individualized treatment could be applied in patients with hypoxic head and neck tumors are discussed, for instance, the use of hypoxia sensitizers or special intensity-modulated radiation therapy techniques achieving tumor subvolume dose escalation.
B Vitamins and the Risk of Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Judith Heinz, Siegfried Kropf, Ute Domröse, Sabine Westphal, Katrin Borucki, Claus Luley, Klaus H. Neumann, Jutta Dierkes
Journal: Circulation (2010)

In observational studies, hyperhomocysteinemia has been found to be a risk factor for total mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease. These patients have grossly elevated homocysteine levels that can be lowered by supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B(12). We conducted a randomized clinical trial with B vitamins to reduce homocysteine levels and therefore cardiovascular events and total mortality.This randomized, double-blind multicenter study was conducted in 33 dialysis centers in north and east Germany between July 2002 and July 2008. We randomly assigned 650 patients with end-stage renal disease who were undergoing hemodialysis to 2 postdialysis treatments: 5 mg folic acid, 50 microg vitamin B(12), and 20 mg vitamin B(6) (active treatment) or 0.2 mg folic acid, 4 microg vitamin B(12), and 1.0 mg vitamin B(6) (placebo) given 3 times per week for an average of 2 years. The primary outcome was total mortality; the secondary outcome was fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. The primary outcome occurred in 102 patients (31%) receiving the active treatment and in 92 (28%) receiving placebo (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 1.50; P=0.51). The secondary outcome occurred in 83 patients (25%) receiving the active treatment and in 98 (30%) receiving placebo (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 1.07; P=0.13).Increased intake of folic acid, vitamin B(12), and vitamin B(6) did not reduce total mortality and had no significant effect on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: www.anzctr.org.au. Unique identifier: ACTRN12609000911291. URL: www.cochrane-renal.org. Unique identifier: CRG010600027.
THE PATHOLOGIC REACTION IN VARIOUS PNEUMONOCONIOSES
Authors: LEROY U. GARDNER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Anatomic and roentgenologic studies of the lungs of persons exposed to various types of industrial dusts have demonstrated that inhaled foreign substances do not all produce the same kind of pathologic reaction. Present knowledge is limited by the lack of a sufficient amount of autopsy material to illustrate the evolution of all types of pneumonoconiosis, but the forms produced by pure chemical substances tend to fall into one of three categories. Such disease is predominantly either linear, nodular or diffuse in character. A linear pattern characterizes the general type of response to most inhaled inert foreign materials; nodular lesions are apparently confined to silicosis, while diffuse reaction is exemplified in asbestosis. Mixed patterns are produced by dusts such as granite, which is composed of several different elements. The stages in the reaction to these well known dusts will be analyzed in an attempt to explain the variations in the resultant
Partial factor IX protein in a pedigree with hemophilia B due to a partial gene deletion.
Authors: G L Bray, A R Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

A partial gene product was identified in a pedigree with hemophilia B due to a partial deletion of the Factor IX gene (Chen, S.-H.,S. Yoshitake, P.F. Chance, G.L. Bray, A.R. Thompson, C.R. Scott, and K. Kurachi, 1985, J. Clin. Invest., 76:2161-2164). Levels of this mutant protein in plasma of affected family members studied ranged from 24 to 36 ng/ml (0.6-0.9 U/dl or percent of normal) by a solid-phase immunoassay which is sensitive and specific for the calcium-dependent conformation of human Factor IX. No Factor IX antigen could be detected in patients' plasmas by a non-calcium-requiring monoclonal anti-Factor IX antibody (less than 2 ng/ml). The unconcentrated urine from the five affected family members and four obligate heterozygotes the five affected family members and four obligate heterozygotes tested contained calcium-dependent Factor IX antigen levels ranging from 64 to 160 ng/ml (1.6-4.0 U/dl) and from 10 to 68 ng/ml (0.25-1.7 U/dl), respectively. Of nine normal volunteers screened, three had detectable calcium-dependent antigen in unconcentrated first morning-voided urines with 9.6-16.8 ng/ml (0.24-0.42 U/dl), while the remaining six had detectable urinary antigen only after a 10-fold concentration. Abnormal and normal urinary Factor IX antigen species were concentrated, immunoaffinity purified, electrophoresed, immunoblotted, and distinguished by autoradiography after incubation with 125I-polyclonal calcium-requiring anti-Factor IX. After reducing purified or concentrated samples, a single abnormal 36,000-mol-wt band was identified in the urines from the four affected family members and four obligate heterozygotes tested. Electrophoresis of the reduced urinary Factor IX antigen from the one normal subject tested showed a broad 15,000-20,000-mol-wt band. This normal band was smaller than the species in patients' urines, and was seen as a minor component in the samples from the heterozygotes. No abnormal antigen could be detected in urine from the two other female family members tested. Thus, abnormal urinary Factor IX antigen represents a marker for the presence of the hemophilic Factor IX gene in this family.
The Howie Code for preventing infection in clinical laboratories: comments on some general criticisms and specific complaints.
Authors: J W Howie, C H Collins
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The report of the working party to formulate a code of practice for preventing infection in clinical laboratories and postmortem rooms1 was completed in January 1978. Although the code did not appear in print until 12 months later (the report was not published) photocopies of the original report and code were widely circulated and both they and the printed version pro voked a good deal of comment, some of which has been ex pressed in print2-8 and some made to us personally. The working party was disbanded after its report was de livered to the Department of Health and Social Security, and we therefore feel free to express our views, as private individuals, on some of these general criticisms and specific complaints. Together with our own later thoughts and hopes on the report and code, this communication may be regarded as a personal contribution to the necessary and continuing debate on the code, which we naturally welcome.
Effect of Potassium Iodid on Urine.
Authors: Robert N. Willson
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Philadelphia, March 22, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The following case is reported as a clinical note, not because it presents new or unusual features, but because it brings into question the propriety of a very common method of administration of one of our most commonly used drugs, and also because the reaction obtained in a specimen of the urine may not be familiar to all of your readers. The urine referred to was from a young tuberculous subject, whose case was observed in the Methodist Hospital in Philadelphia. The resident physician, Dr. Richmond, noted that on boiling the urine and adding a small quantity of nitric acid the fluid first assumed a deep claret color, and later, on the further addition of acid, a purplish tint which colored the foam and the fumes a brilliant purple also. At first it was suspected that the reaction was one to which attention