tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Look at Her
Authors: Catherine Garrison Velopulos
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Broadening the Responsibilities of Practitioners
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE previous article described how a large health maintenance organization (HMO), Kaiser Permanente of Southern California (KPSC), developed a guideline for the use of intravenous radiographic contrast agents for low-risk patients.<sup>1</sup>The principal issue was whether the lower rates of reactions with low osmolar contrast agents (LOCAs) were worth their higher costs compared with high osmolar contrast agents (HOCAs). After estimating the magnitudes of the risks and costs, KPSC determined that they were not; the same resources could provide greater overall benefit to its members if put into other activities, such as screening for cancers of the cervix or breast. The final guideline stated: "For procedures involving intravenous administration, patients who can be determined to be at low risk of having a reaction should receive HOCAs. Patients who have risk factors for a reaction should receive LOCAs." The full guideline contains more details about specific risk factors and pretreatment
Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Carl J. Pepine
Journal: JAMA (1980)

TRANSLUMINAL coronary angioplasty is a new alternative approach to the treatment of coronary artery disease in which a narrowed coronary artery is enlarged by a special balloon catheter introduced through a peripheral artery. The technique's background is derived from nonsurgical catheter treatment of peripheral vascular disease that was first introduced by Dotter and Judkins<sup>1</sup>in 1964. Their technique used progressively larger catheters to dilate atherosclerotic peripheral vascular lesions, but the technique remained controversial. Failure of this technique to gain widespread acceptance was thought to relate to its causing endothelial damage that led to possible peripheral emboli or occlusion in many cases. Convinced that the contents of atheromatous lesions were capable of "compression remodeling" by forcing material outward toward the arterial wall, Dotter and his co-workers<sup>2</sup>suggested the rational basis for this nonsurgical form of therapy. They also recognized that an expansile balloon-type catheter dilator could be more useful
Abstract A82: The role of PI3-kinase signaling pathway in invadopodia formation
Authors: Hideki Yamaguchi, Nachi Yoshida, Ryuichi Sakai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Degradation of extracellular matrix that is present in the basement membrane and tumor stroma is essential for local invasion and formation of metastatic sites by malignant cancer cells. Invadopodia are extracellular matrix-degrading protrusions formed by invasive cancer cells that have been shown to function in cancer invasion and metastasis. Although many invadopodia components have been identified, signaling pathways that link extracellular stimuli to invadopodia formation remain poorly understood. The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate phosphoinositides at the D-3 position of the inositol headgroup. PI3Ks mediate the signal transduction of extracellular stimuli and regulate diverse cellular events. Uncontrolled activation of the PI3K signaling pathway leads to tumorigenesis and tumor malignancy. In this study, we investigated the role of PI3K signaling during invadopodia formation. We found that in human breast cancer cells both invadopodia formation and degradation of a gelatin matrix were blocked by treatment with PI3K inhibitors or sequestration of D-3 phosphoinositides. Functional analyses revealed that among the PI3K family proteins the class I PI3K catalytic subunit p110α, a frequently mutated gene product in human cancers, was selectively involved in invadopodia formation. The expression of p110α with cancerous mutations promoted invadopodia-mediated invasive activity. Furthermore, knockdown or inhibition of PDK1 and Akt suppressed invadopodia formation induced by p110α mutants. These data suggest that PI3K signaling via p110α regulates invadopodia-mediated invasion of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Hideki Yamaguchi, Nachi Yoshida, Ryuichi Sakai. The role of PI3-kinase signaling pathway in invadopodia formation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A82.
Spleen Scanning as a Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Richard P. Spencer
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE WIDE range of functions carried out by the spleen (Table) means that disorders can occur in almost all age groups. To the physician evaluating patients with splenomegaly, hemolytic anemia, or other signs or symptoms relating to the spleen, the number of tests available may appear rather formidable. However, after an adequate history, physical examination, and hematologic study, a spleen scan may be the procedure of choice in the majority of cases. The splenic function that can be most readily assessed by use of radiopharmaceuticals is the ability of its reticuloendothelial (RE) cells to accumulate intravenously administered particulates. When colloidal gold (gold Au 198, particle size 0.001μ to 0.01μ) was used as a liver-scanning agent, nearly all of the agent was accumulated by the liver. Only when there was hepatic damage, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, was the gold radiocolloid taken up by spleen and bone marrow RE cells. However,
Protein kinase A regulates calcium permeability of NMDA receptors
Authors: V Arvydas Skeberdis, Vivien Chevaleyre, C Geoffrey Lau, Jesse H Goldberg, Diana L Pettit, Sylvia O Suadicani, Ying Lin, Michael V L Bennett, Rafael Yuste, Pablo E Castillo, R Suzanne Zukin
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)
Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study
Authors: M. Schutze, H. Boeing, T. Pischon, J. Rehm, T. Kehoe, G. Gmel, A. Olsen, A. M. Tjonneland, C. C. Dahm, K. Overvad, F. Clavel-Chapelon, M.-C. Boutron-Ruault, A. Trichopoulou, V. Benetou, D. Zylis, R. Kaaks, S. Rohrmann, D. Palli, F. Berrino, R. Tumino, P. Vineis, L. Rodriguez, A. Agudo, M.-J. Sanchez, M. Dorronsoro, M.-D. Chirlaque, A. Barricarte, P. H. Peeters, C. H. van Gils, K.-T. Khaw, N. Wareham, N. E. Allen, T. J. Key, P. Boffetta, N. Slimani, M. Jenab, D. Romaguera, P. A. Wark, E. Riboli, M. M. Bergmann
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To compute the burden of cancer attributable to current and former alcohol consumption in eight European countries based on direct relative risk estimates from a cohort study. <b>Design</b> Combination of prospective cohort study with representative population based data on alcohol exposure. <b>Setting </b>Eight countries (France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Denmark) participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. <b>Participants</b> 109 118 men and 254 870 women, mainly aged 37-70. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Hazard rate ratios expressing the relative risk of cancer incidence for former and current alcohol consumption among EPIC participants. Hazard rate ratios combined with representative information on alcohol consumption to calculate alcohol attributable fractions of causally related cancers by country and sex. Partial alcohol attributable fractions for consumption higher than the recommended upper limit (two drinks a day for men with about 24 g alcohol, one for women with about 12 g alcohol) and the estimated total annual number of cases of alcohol attributable cancer. <b>Results</b> If we assume causality, among men and women, 10% (95% confidence interval 7 to 13%) and 3% (1 to 5%) of the incidence of total cancer was attributable to former and current alcohol consumption in the selected European countries. For selected cancers the figures were 44% (31 to 56%) and 25% (5 to 46%) for upper aerodigestive tract, 33% (11 to 54%) and 18% (−3 to 38%) for liver, 17% (10 to 25%) and 4% (−1 to 10%) for colorectal cancer for men and women, respectively, and 5.0% (2 to 8%) for female breast cancer. A substantial part of the alcohol attributable fraction in 2008 was associated with alcohol consumption higher than the recommended upper limit: 33 037 of 178 578 alcohol related cancer cases in men and 17 470 of 397 043 alcohol related cases in women. <b>Conclusions</b> In western Europe, an important proportion of cases of cancer can be attributable to alcohol consumption, especially consumption higher than the recommended upper limits. These data support current political efforts to reduce or to abstain from alcohol consumption to reduce the incidence of cancer.
Indigenous strongyloidiasis in Nottingham.
Authors: V Sprott, C D Selby, P Ispahani, P J Toghill
Journal: BMJ (1987)

that these factors-pelvic infection and use of intrauterine contraceptive devices-have a role, but this remains to be proved; demographic factors probably account for the consecutive rise in incidence in the five year age groups.If factors related to age have a decisive effect on the rise in ectopic pregnancy, the numerical increase in cases will level offwithin a few years in Finland.
New treatment strategies for multiple myeloma
Authors: Raymond Alexanian, Bart Barlogie
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract During the past 5 years, several new treatments and strategies have been developed for patients with multiple myeloma. For patients with disease resistant to standard therapies, these include the VAD regimen, dexamethasone alone, high‐dose melphalan, and intensive chemoradiotherapy with bone marrow transplantation. Alpha interferon appears to have its greatest potential as part of early induction therapy or during remission maintenance. The role of hemopoietic growth factors or blood stem cells in support of high‐dose therapy and drugs that may overcome multiple drug resistance continues under study. A sequence of non‐cross‐resistant therapies early in the disease course seems worthy of investigation, especially in patients at high risk for early relapse.
Judah Folkman — A Personal Tribute
Authors: Isaiah J. Fidler
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

We recently lost a colleague, and I also lost a personal friend. Judah Folkman, M.D., was a leader, an original thinker, and a kind human being; in short, he was a mensch. But he was also a physician, a pediatric surgeon, and a visionary whose work inspired a generation of scientists.

In 1889,
Prophylaxis and therapy with factor VII concentrate (human) immuno, vapor heated in patients with congenital factor VII deficiency: A summary of case reports
Authors: Lewis J. Cohen, Nancy B. McWilliams, Ronnie Neuberg, William Zinkham, Kenneth Bauer, T. John Gribble, Michael B. Glowalla, Rachel Borson, Martin D. Phillips, Marianne Kunschak
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Hereditary factor VII deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive condition, usually associated with normal or reduced levels of a functionally defective molecule. The available means of treating this condition in North America presents serious health risks to the patient. Transfusion with fresh frozen plasma carries a risk of volume overload and a significant risk for viral transmission. Sustained prothrombin complex therapy is associated with a high risk for thrombogenic complications. This communication describes the use of Factor VII Concentrate (Human) Immuno, Vapor Heated—an intermediate purity factor VII concentrate from Immuno A.G.—for the treatment of 13 patients with factor VII deficiency. Treatment regimens described include those for long‐term prophylaxis (three children), acute hemorrhages (two children, one adult), peripartum prophylaxis (one patient), and surgical coverage (two children, four adults). Prophylaxis and therapy were successful in all cases, the medication was well‐tolerated, and there were no complications. In the three cases of long‐term prophylaxis in children, doses of 10‐50 lU/kg were given one to three times a week; one patient has undergone long‐term prophylaxis for approximately 8 years, one patient for 1 year, and one patient for 1 1/2 years. Three cases in which Factor VII Concentrate was principally used for treatment of acute episodes of bleeding are described. One infant received Factor VII Concentrate on about 50 occasions for treatment of mucosal bleeding; a correction to 40–100% resulted in cessation of bleeding within 15 min in all cases. For treatment of an episode of intracranial bleeding, an 8‐year‐old boy received a dose of 37 IU/kg Factor VII Concentrate every 6 hr for peak factor VII levels of approximately 100% and troughs as low as 4% over the 11‐day treatment period. A 37‐year‐old adult male with intracranial bleeding received alternating doses of 16 IU/kg and 8 IU/kg every 6 hr for 10 days with peak factor VII levels in the upper thirties (%). The peak favor VII level during surgical coverage with Factor VII Concentrate (neurosurgery, open reduction of ankle bones, dental surgery, pituitary adenoma surgery, closed liver biopsy) was approximately 100% in all cases, with trough levels ranging from 8 to 65% over treatment periods of 24 hr to 16 days using treatment intervals of 6–12 hr.
Pneumomediastinum during sexual intercourse.
Authors: C J Packham, G C Stevenson, S Hadley
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation rare, sujet jeune en bonne sante. Le pneumomediastin spontane, accompagne d'emphyseme sous-cutane, est probablement la consequence d'une manœuvre de Valsalva prolongee. Resolution spontanee en quelques heures, pas de recidive
Angiotensin II stimulates proliferation of normal early erythroid progenitors.
Authors: M Mrug, T Stopka, B A Julian, J F Prchal, J T Prchal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Angiotensin II exerts a mitogenic effect in several in vitro models, but a direct effect on erythroid progenitors has not been documented. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist, ameliorate posttransplant erythrocytosis, without altering serum erythropoietin levels. We studied erythroid differentiation and the effect of angiotensin II on proliferation of erythroid progenitors by culturing CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in liquid serum-free medium favoring growth of erythroid precursors. Aliquots of cells were collected every third day, and were used for RNA preparation. AT1 mRNA was detected after 6 d. In these same samples, erythroid-specific mRNA (erythropoietin receptor) was also detected. AT1 protein was detected in 7-d-old burst-forming units-erythroid colonies by Western blotting. The CD34+ cell liquid cultures were used to incubate erythroid precursors with angiotensin II from days 6-9. After incubation, cells were transferred to semisolid medium and cultured with erythropoietin. Angiotensin II increased proliferation of early erythroid progenitors, defined as increased numbers of burst-forming units-erythroid colonies. Losartan completely abolished this stimulatory effect of angiotensin II. Moreover, we observed increased numbers of erythroid progenitors in the peripheral blood of posttransplant erythrocytosis patients. Thus, activation of AT1 with angiotensin II enhances erythropoietin-stimulated erythroid proliferation in vitro. A putative defect in the angiotensin II/AT1 pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of posttransplant erythrocytosis.
SOME EFFECTS OF PROTEOLYTIC INHIBITORS ON TISSUE INJURY AND SYSTEMIC ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: B. W. Zweifach, A. L. Nagler, W. Troll
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

A study was made of the development of various forms of local and systemic injury in animals treated with inhibitors of proteolytic activity. The agents used were tosylarginine methyl ester (TAME), epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA), and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). 1. Hemorrhagic necrosis in the skin of the rabbit following intradermal epinephrine in combination with bacterial endotoxin (either intravenous or local) was clearly suppressed by EACA, TAME, and SBTI, given systemically. Tosylarginine (TA) was ineffective. 2. No effect was observed on the classical Shwartzman reaction, the local Arthus phenomenon, or inflammation induced by xylene. 3. The lethal effects of systemic anaphylaxis in the mouse, acute endotoxemia in the rat and mouse, and drum shock in the rat are suppressed by EACA and TAME. 4. There was no effect on the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon in the rabbit and on anaphylaxis in the guinea pig. 5. The effects of EACA or TAME on the injury reactions under investigation were not due to a pharmacological or chemical action on vascular behavior per se. 6. The data provide corroborative evidence for a proteolytic step in injury phenomena which may be mediated through some common activation system. 7. The working hypothesis is advanced that local or systemic stress through the release of epinephrine may result in an increase of a circulating activator of proteolysis and that this in turn may give rise to the release of vasoactive substances,-possibly histamine, serotonin, or a polypeptide.
Effect of 9 -Fluorohydrocortisone on Adrenal Hyperfunction in Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: C. L. Cope, R. J. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1955)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL of the four adults who failed to respond, the maximum daily dosage of cortisone was only 100 mg., whereas in the series as a whole the maximum daily dosage was 200 to 300 mg. in more than half the cases.This experience is rather more favourable than that reported previously: namely, 1952 report, partial or com- plete responses in 11 out of 16; 1951 report, partial or com- plete responses in 8 out of 14.The less favourable results of the earlier reports are probably partly due to the fact that smaller doses were being used; thus of five patients treated in 1951 who failed to respond to hormones, two received a maximum daily dose of 75 to 100 mg. of cortisone and one further patient received a total of 2,500 mg. of cortisone in 25 days.Four patients were treated continuously with cortisone for six months or more.In two cases the patients remained well on 100 mg. a day but relapsed when given 50 mg.a day; both developed a mild Cushing syndrome.The other two patients remained well on 50 mg.and 75 mg.a day respectively.Eight cases of non-thrombocytopenic purpura were treated in 1953-4, and six of these failed to respond to hormones.In five of these six dosage was adequate- namely, 200 to 300 mg. of cortisone a day for 12 to 20 days in three patients, and 100 mg.A.C.T.H. a day for 17 days in one patient.In the 1952 report, six patients were included, only one of whom responded to hormones.Aplastic Anaemia, etc.Sixteen patients with aplastic anaemia and two with refrac- tory anaemia were treated.In three patients with aplastic anaemia the administration of cortisone appeared to check bleeding from the gums, etc., but otherwise no favourable effects were noted in any of the patients.This experience is similar to that mentioned in previous reports.Leukaemia Forty-nine children with acute leukaemia (25 lymphatic, 5 myeloid, 19 unclassified) were treated; 8 of these 49 died within 14 days of beginning hormone therapy; of the remaining 41, 34 had remissions following the administration of A.C.T.H. or cortisone; 13 of these remissions were classified as complete and 21 as partial.Eight of the 34 1261.
Multiplexed AQUA-based assessment of SWOG 9313 shows prognostic value of continuous ER, PR and HER2 assessment.
Authors: DL Rimm, WE Barlow, M Harigopal, G Tedeschi, PL Peggy, I Yeh, C Haskell, R Livingston, GN Hortobagyi, DF Hayes
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #704 Introduction: HER2 is expressed at high levels due to gene amplification in about 15% of breast cancer cases and it has been shown to be a poor prognostic marker. However, HER2 is also expressed in normal breast duct tissue, albeit a much lower levels. We hypothesized that continuous analysis of expression using AQUA will provide prognostic information beyond that attainable with conventional methods.&amp;#x2028; Methods: A tissue microarray was made from 2123 cases of the 3122 patients accrued to SWOG 9313, in which sequential doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (A-C) was compared to combination AC. A multiplexed assessment of HER2 and estrogen receptor (ER) was performed on the same slide using the immunofluoresence-based AQUA® method of automated quantitative analysis. Reproducibility and fidelity of multiplexing were determined for each marker by regression analysis.&amp;#x2028; Results: As expected, both ER and PR were significantly predictive of disease-free survival (DFS) when both are tested as continuous variables, both adjusted for node status, tumor size, treatment and menopausal status (p-values 0.005 and &amp;lt;0.001, respectively). HER2, measured as a continuous variable showed a bi-phasic effect. It has been previously reported (Camp et al, Cancer Research 2003, 63;1445) that both the high and low expressers of HER2 have worse outcome (low levels are equivalent to that seen in normal breast ducts). Splitting the SWOG cohort by deciles shows that both the top and bottom decile have worse DFS than the middle 80% (log rank p=0.012). Also, modeling the hazard ratio as a function of concentration shows a U-shape relationship showing both high and low HER2 expression is associated with poorer DFS.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The AQUA method provides a reproducible method of continuous measurement of ER, and HER2 on the same slide. In this cohort both ER and PR as continuous variable are highly prognostic, as expected, but multiplexing with HER2 did not affect outcome. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that both low and high levels of HER2 expression were associated with poor outcome. Studies are ongoing to determine the significance of this observation with respect to biological classifications of breast cancer and relationships with breast cancer therapies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 704.