tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activated CD8+ T-lymphocytes in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: L. Dyugovskaya, P. Lavie, M. Hirsh, L. Lavie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

T-lymphocytes are implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess whether the CD8+ T-lymphocytes of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients undergo phenotypic and functional changes that may exaggerate atherogenic sequelae in OSA. A total of 36 OSA patients, 17 controls and 15 single-night-treated OSA patients were studied. Phenotype and cytotoxicity against K562 target cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assessed by 51 Cr release assay. The cytotoxicity of the CD8+ T-lymphocytes of OSA patients against K562 and HUVECs was significantly greater than controls. This increased cytotoxicity directly depended on the presence of perforin and natural killer receptors (CD56, CD16), which were significantly increased in OSA CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Also the percentage of the CD56 bright subset, which mediates initial interactions with vascular endothelium, significantly increased in OSA. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment significantly decreased CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity and CD56 expression, and was positively correlated with natural killer inhibitory NKB1 receptor expression either after a single-night treatment or after a prolonged treatment. In conclusion, the CD8+ T-lymphocytes of obstructive sleep apnoea patients undergo phenotypic and functional changes, rendering them cytotoxic to target cells via increased CD56+/perforin+ expression, which can be ameliorated by nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment. These results are compatible with the current authors' hypothesis of atherogenic sequelae in obstructive sleep apnoea.
Physiological disposition of verapamil in man
Authors: M. SCHOMERUS, B. SPIEGELHALDER, B. STIEREN, M. EICHELBAUM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

14C-D,L-verapamil was administered intravenously (lOmg) and orally (80 mg) to five volunteer patients. Plasma concentrations of verapamil, which were determined by mass fragmentography, declined bi-exponentially with half-lives of the α-phase ranging from 18 to 35 min and of the β-phase from 170 to 440 min. The apparent volume of distribution ranged from 270 to 460 litre and plasma clearance from 730 to 1980 ml/min. Following oral administration absorption was almost complete as judged from the area under the curve (AUC) of 14C-activity and cumulative urinary excretion of 14C. After intravenous infusion of verapamil about 80% of the radioactivity administered could be recovered in urine and faeces within 5 d. Despite its almost complete absorption after oral administration verapamil was shown to undergo extensive first pass metabolism as the bioavailability was only 10 to 22%. Rapid biotransformation had occurred as only a small percentage of AUC of 14C was seen to correspond to unchanged verapamil after both intravenous and oral administration.
Site variation in anthralin inflammation on forearm skin
Authors: C.M. LAWRENCE, D. HOWEL, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The effect of application site on anthralin inflammation was measured at 10 clinically normal volar skin sites on each forearm of 31 subjects as the increase in skin thickness at 48 h using Harpenden calipers. Pre-treatment and increase in skin thickness were significantly related to application site. Pre-treatment thickness increased distally and laterally by an amount depending on sex, and to a lesser extent other factors, whilst the increase in skin thickness values was greater proximally, laterally and on the right arm but was not affected by age, sex or skin type. When increases in skin thickness values were adjusted for pre-treatment thickness, the difference between proximal and distal sites was lost but there was still a significant difference between the medial and lateral aspect and the right and left arms. The absolute differences were small but demonstrate the need to use symmetrical forearm skin sites and randomized treatment sides when comparing the effects of topical agents on anthralin inflammation.
<i>Penicillium marneffei</i>presenting as an obstructing endobronchial lesion in an immunocompetent host
Authors: Simon A. Joosten, Liam Hannan, George Heroit, Eda Boerner, Louis Irving
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

in its management.According to respondents, NIV was the first-line treatment to improve gas exchange (89%) and was a valid tool as support to clearance techniques (68%) and to exercise training (43%).The main criteria to propose NIV, according to physiotherapists who use NIV (n528), were hypercapnic pulmonary exacerbation, awaiting lung transplantation, severe impairment of pulmonary function and difficulties experienced with clearing secretions (fig.1).Almost all interviewees agreed that NIV was part of the ''core competence'' for physiotherapists who work in CF centres (95%) and clinics (85%).A detailed picture revealed that 71% (n520) of them chose ventilators, 96% were involved in the crucial choice of interfaces and 75% were in charge of ventilator settings.The majority (93%) took care of patients' comfort and compliance enhancement and set frequent follow-ups to periodically review patients and, thus, improve their adherence.Although there are some limitations, this is the first Italian study that explores how physiotherapists are involved in the NIV management in CF centres and their expectations and beliefs about the benefits of NIV.Despite the absence of standard protocols and guidelines, Italian CF centres and clinics take into consideration the therapeutic use of NIV and physiotherapists are involved in its use.According to our results, the rationale of adopting NIV as a therapeutic choice in CF as perceived by physiotherapists is in line with what the literature has recently suggested [5].Harmonising the core competencies of physiotherapists all over Italy and the NIV management of CF patients is, however, still urgently needed.
Finding a Better Way
Authors: Carl W. Walter
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE CONCEPTUAL design of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass, was that of a sanitorium, intended to provide the modes of therapy deemed crucial at the start of this century: quiet, space, and fresh, outdoor air. The wards for the indigent sick, constructed in 1911 through 1913, were pavilion style and spacious, with vaulted ceilings. High-volume air-conditioning mimicked the outdoors. The concrete floors under the beds were heated to provide radiant energy and warmth. Each ward had several wide doorways through which beds could be pushed onto porches. Some patients were so enchanted with the open air, they came indoors only for nursing care or during severe weather. The hospital buildings—10 in all by 1933 when I began my internship—were interconnected at ground level by 250 yd of covered walkway known as "the Pike." The southern exposure was open except where it was draped by gnarled wisteria vines. The
Alveolar partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen measured by a helium washout technique.
Authors: E A Harris
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Alveolar partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen measured by a helium washout techniqueThe estimation of arterial carbon dioxide pressure (Paco2) by Professor J Jordanoglou and colleagues (July 1990;45:520-4) assumes the equivalence of Bohr-Enghoff deadspace' with the helium deadspace by multiple breath washout (the "ventilatory deadspace" of Cumming and Guyatt5).In a letter to Clinical Science following their previous paper' I pointed out the fallacy of this assumption.4I note that in their Thorax paper the authors mention pulmonary embolism as a cause ofdiscrepancy and took steps to exclude this in their patients.Any kind ofventilation- perfusion (V/O2) mismatch, however unless due solely to ventilation-volume (V/V) mis- match, will introduce such a discrepancy, and their patients with chronic bronchitis and asthma must be presumed liable to such I/a non-uniformity.This doubtless accounts for much of the rather wide scatter in their figure 2. The 95% confidence interval about regres- sion is about + 154 kPa (115 mm Hg).Another difficulty is that the ventilatory dead- space for helium increases, during washout, with breath number if V/V mismatching is present.The choice of first breath deadspace by Professor Jordanoglou and colleagues is quite arbitrary.This criticism is not merely about in- accuracy.The rebreathing method for oxygenated mixed venous carbon dioxide tension (Pvco2)' is inaccurate, as all methods are.But the target is the intended one.The
Effects of Folate Deficiency and Supplementation on Methylnitrosourea-Induced Rat Mammary Tumors
Authors: J. E. Baggott, W. H. Vaughn, M. M. Juliana, I. Eto, C. L. Krumdieck, C. J. Grubbs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

There are metabolic and epidemiologic data consistent with the hypothesis that folate deficiency increases the likelihood of cancer. Conversely, it is also known that folate is necessary for cancer growth, but few experiments in laboratory animals have evaluated the effects of folate deficiency on the development of chemically induced cancers. Our purpose was to determine the effects of nutritional folate deficiency in female Fischer 344 rats on initiation and early promotion of methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary cancer. Rats (age, 27 days) were fed a folic acid-deficient diet (AIN-76A) supplemented with glycine and succinylsulfathiazole [FA(0)]; the FA(0) diet supplemented with 2 or 40 mg of folic acid per kilogram [FA(2) or FA(40), respectively]; or the FA(0) diet supplemented with 20 mg of folinic acid per kilogram [FL(20)]. At 57 days of age, each diet-treated group (30 rats in each group) received MNU (50 mg/kg) by intravenous injection. Immediately after MNU treatment, all animals were fed the AIN-76A complete diet containing 2 mg of folic acid per kilogram. Control groups were fed the AIN-76A complete diet throughout the entire experiment. After 4 weeks, folate deficiency, but not anemia or growth suppression, was documented by lower folate levels in plasma and red blood cells in the group receiving the FA(0) diet. Cancer multiplicity (i.e., number of mammary cancers per number of tumor-bearing animals) at 180 days after MNU injection was 1.32, 1.90, 2.14, and 2.73 mammary cancers per tumor-bearing animals in the FA(0), FA(2), FA(40), and FL(20) groups, respectively; the value in the FA(0) group was statistically significant compared with the values in the other groups. The time required for 50% of the rats to develop palpable mammary cancer was 170, 142, 100, and 85 days, respectively. The value of 170 days for the FA(0) group was statistically significant compared with the values of 100 and 85 days. Mammary cancer incidence was 63%, 70%, 72%,and 73%, respectively; these percentages were not significantly different. Folate deficiency suppresses and folate supplementation enhances initiation or early promotion of MNU induced mammary cancer in rats, even when the folate-deficient rats do not have anemia or growth suppression. Implication: Since the rat is relatively resistant to folate deficiency anemia, other animal models should be used to test the effect of folate nutriture on carcinogenesis. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 1740–1744, 1992]
Standard Versus Intensified Chemotherapy With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Support in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Lung Cancer Group Phase III Trial—08923
Authors: Andrea Ardizzoni, Vivianne C.G. Tjan-Heijnen, Pieter E. Postmus, Erica Buchholz, Bonne Biesma, Hanna Karnicka-Mlodkowska, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Jos Burghouts, Jan P. van Meerbeeck, Steven Gans, Catherine Legrand, Channa Debruyne, Giuseppe Giaccone, Christian Manegold for the
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To assess the impact on survival of increasing dose-intensity (DI) of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CDE) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).Previously untreated SCLC patients were randomized to standard CDE (cyclophosphamide 1,000 mg/m(2) and doxorubicin 45 mg/m(2) on day 1, and etoposide 100 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3 every 3 weeks, for five cycles) or intensified CDE (cyclophosphamide 1,250 mg/m(2) and doxorubicin 55 mg/m(2) on day 1, and etoposide 125 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3 with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF] 5 micro g/kg/d on days 4 to 13 every 2 weeks, for four cycles). Projected cumulative dose was almost identical on the two arms, whereas projected DI was nearly 90% higher on the intensified arm. Two hundred forty-four patients were enrolled. The first 163 patients were also randomized (2 x 2 factorial design) to prophylactic antibiotics or placebo to assess their impact on preventing febrile leukopenia (FL). This report focuses on chemotherapy DI results.With a median follow-up of 54 months, 216 deaths have occurred. Actually delivered DI on the intensified arm was 70% higher than on the standard arm. Intensified CDE was associated with more grade 4 leukopenia (79% v 50%), grade 4 thrombocytopenia (44% v 11%), anorexia, nausea, and mucositis. FL and number of toxic deaths were similar on the two arms. The objective response rate was 79% for the standard arm and 84% for the intensified arm (P =.315). Median survival was 54 weeks and 52 weeks, and the 2-year survival rates were 15% and 18%, respectively (P =.885).A 70% increase of CDE actual DI does not translate into an improved outcome in SCLC patients.
Are we screening survivors of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
Authors: Maria Wilczynska, Keith Taylor
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Incidence of CTEPH following idiopathic PE has been reported as 4%. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommends that patients with massive or submassive PE should undergo echocardiography 6-12 weeks following the index event.   Aim:  To investigate local practice in the follow-up of patients with acute PE to devise management guidelines.   Methods:  A retrospective study of 110 patients diagnosed with acute PE at our hospital between 2007 and 2008 was conducted. Mean age was 68.6 years (range 27-100), 40 (36%) were male and 18 (16%) had previous venous thromboembolism. In 51 (46%) patients PE was idiopathic.   Results:  All patients diagnosed with PE were normotensive and 27 (25%) had in-patient echocardiography (ECHO). In 5 (18%) patients scan confirmed RV dilatation and 2 of them had repeated ECHO within 2 months. Subsequently one patient was diagnosed with CTEPH and underwent pulmonary endarterectomy. In the group of patients with acute PE but without in-patient echocardiography 40 of 83 (48%) received a follow-up appointment (mean 4 months) and 10 (25%) had follow-up ECHO. Two more patients were diagnosed with CTEPH during this period (mean 34 months) with an overall incidence of 2.9%.   Conclusion:  Recorded outcome, literature review and the BTS/ERS guidelines resulted in the development of local protocol for the screening acute PE survivors for CTEPH.
Levels of soluble osteoclast-associated receptor (sOSCAR) in rheumatoid arthritis: link to disease severity and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Ndiemé Ndongo-Thiam, Geoffroy de Sallmard, Jesper Kastrup, Pierre Miossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is a costimulatory receptor implicated in osteoclast differentiation, with soluble and membranous forms.1 Its natural ligand appears to be collagen.2 Since the involvement of OSCAR in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been suggested,3 the present work assessed the levels of soluble OSCAR (sOSCAR) in RA and a possible link with disease severity and risk of cardiovascular events (CVE).4

sOSCAR was measured by indirect ELISA in 136 plasma samples from RA patients randomly selected from a large database according to the level of joint destruction at a 1:1 ratio and paired for sex and age. Clinical markers of disease severity and incidence of CVE are summarised in table 1. CVE (myocardial infarction, acute limb ischaemia, stoke, etc) were collected from the hospital chart and with a questionnaire to the patient and/or family physician. Only patients with CVE during the RA course were included. …
Both Antiangiogenesis- and Angiogenesis-Independent Effects Are Responsible for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth Arrest by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584
Authors: Yuqing Liu, Ronnie T. Poon, Qinyu Li, Tsz Wai Kok, Cecilia Lau, Sheung Tat Fan
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Inhibition of VEGF receptors could theoretically reduce angiogenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma, but this remains to be proven with an experimental study. This study examined the angiogenesis-dependent and angiogenesis-independent activities of PTK787/ZK222584 (PTK787), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGF receptors, in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts. The in vitro effects of PTK787 on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were also studied. Oral administration of PTK787 resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume and microvessel formation of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. PTK787 inhibited tumor cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and also induced tumor cells to undergo apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. The proapoptotic response was associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression and induction of cleavage of caspase-3. In addition, PTK787 induced growth arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which was associated with G1 arrest and partial G2-M block. This effect correlated with an increase in p21WAF1/ CIP1 (p21) and p27KIP1 (p27) protein expression. In conclusion, this study showed that PTK787 is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma by both antiangiogenic effect and direct effects on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Our data suggest that blockage of VEGF receptors may provide an effective therapeutic approach for human hepatocellular carcinoma.
No large deletions of mitochondrial DNA in acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA)
Authors: Norbert Gattermann, Henrike Lotz, Carlo Aul, Wolfgang Schneider
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

percentage of ring sideroblasts in our patients ranged between 15% and 85%.According to our recently published criteria [4], two patients had pure sideroblastic anemia (PSA), which is confined to dyserythropoiesis, and
Recurrent epimutation of<i>SDHC</i>in gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: J. Keith Killian, Markku Miettinen, Robert L. Walker, Yonghong Wang, Yuelin Jack Zhu, Joshua J. Waterfall, Natalia Noyes, Parvathy Retnakumar, Zhiming Yang, William I. Smith, M. Scott Killian, C. Christopher Lau, Marbin Pineda, Jennifer Walling, Holly Stevenson, Carly Smith, Zengfeng Wang, Jerzy Lasota, Su Young Kim, Sosipatros A. Boikos, Lee J. Helman, Paul S. Meltzer
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Methylation of the SDH gene explains the loss of SDH gene expression in SDH wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
The Role of Health Systems Factors in Facilitating Access to Psychotropic Medicines: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the WHO-AIMS in 63 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Ryan McBain, Daniel J. Norton, Jodi Morris, M. Taghi Yasamy, Theresa S. Betancourt
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Neuropsychiatric conditions comprise 14% of the global burden of disease and 30% of all noncommunicable disease. Despite the existence of cost-effective interventions, including administration of psychotropic medicines, the number of persons who remain untreated is as high as 85% in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). While access to psychotropic medicines varies substantially across countries, no studies to date have empirically investigated potential health systems factors underlying this issue.This study uses a cross-sectional sample of 63 LAMICs and country regions to identify key health systems components associated with access to psychotropic medicines. Data from countries that completed the World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) were included in multiple regression analyses to investigate the role of five major mental health systems domains in shaping medicine availability and affordability. These domains are: mental health legislation, human rights implementations, mental health care financing, human resources, and the role of advocacy groups. Availability of psychotropic medicines was associated with features of all five mental health systems domains. Most notably, within the domain of mental health legislation, a comprehensive national mental health plan was associated with 15% greater availability; and in terms of advocacy groups, the participation of family-based organizations in the development of mental health legislation was associated with 17% greater availability. Only three measures were related with affordability of medicines to consumers: level of human resources, percentage of countries' health budget dedicated to mental health, and availability of mental health care in prisons. Controlling for country development, as measured by the Human Development Index, health systems features were associated with medicine availability but not affordability.Results suggest that strengthening particular facets of mental health systems might improve availability of psychotropic medicines and that overall country development is associated with affordability.
Effects of lobectomy on lung function.
Authors: N Berend, A J Woolcock, G E Marlin
Journal: Thorax (1980)

The effect of lobectomy on lung function was investigated in 16 patients in whom comprehensive lung function tests were performed before and between six weeks and six months after lobectomy. The operation was well tolerated even by patients with quite severe airways obstruction. The effect of lobectomy on forced flow rates was in keeping with the change in lung volumes. There was no alteration in the distribution of ventilation and the diffusion capacity remained unchanged. The changes in the pressure volume curves were difficult to explain. All patients, even those with nearly "complete" hyperinflation of the remaining lung, had appreciable increases in maximal intrapleural pressure at full inspiration.
Does lifestyle correlates with body composition and lipoprotein-lipid profiles in obese females?
Authors: Mandana Gholami, Lila Sabbaghian Rad
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of lifestyle, body composition and lipoprotein-lipid profiles in obese females. A total of 26 healthy females (age=23.01±3.56 years, height=160.05±5.70 cm, weight=74.50±5.90 kg, body fat=38.40±4.31%, body mass index (BMI)=28.95±2.01) were randomly selected from 86 healthy obese female (BMI &gt; 25). The subjects were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n=13) and training group (TG, n=13). Body weight, percent body fat, fat weight, BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and correlation between them were measured. TG exercised with selected exercise with 70–80% maximum heart rate and diet in 10 weeks period of training. A total of energy expenditure through exercise and diet was about 3200 kcal per week. In TG, significant improvement (p&lt;0.05) following selected programme was found in lifestyle 33%, and significant correlation were found between lifestyle and weight, percent body fat, fat weight, BMI, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The result of this study shown that selected programme can improve lifestyle and significant correlation were found between lifestyle and body composition and serum lipoproteins in obese females.