tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of tiotropium Respimat versus HandiHaler and mortality in patients with COPD
Authors: Katia M.C. Verhamme, Miriam C.J.M. Sturkenboom, Guy G.O. Brusselle
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

From the authors: 

C.N. Meyer addresses an important point that might partially explain discordances between findings of classical randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational (cohort or database) studies: do physicians take into account absolute and relative contraindications before prescribing a new drug? In their Danish, questionnaire-based study, a substantial proportion of physicians stated that they did not use any contraindications to long-acting muscarinic antagonists when treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These disturbing findings are in accordance with the relatively high prevalences of arrhythmia, ischaemic heart disease and renal failure in our cohort study on the association between …
Is there sufficient evidence to recommend antiviral therapy in hepatitis C?
Authors: Adriaan J. van der Meer, Heiner Wedemeyer, Jordan J. Feld, Bettina E. Hansen, Michael P. Manns, S. Zeuzem, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

While patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are treated in order to prevent liver-related morbidity and mortality, we rely on sustained virological response (SVR) as a virological biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy in both clinical practice as well as in drug development. However, conclusive evidence for the clinical benefit of antiviral therapy or validity of SVR as surrogate marker, as derived from trials randomizing patients to a treatment or control arm, is lacking. In fact, the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) trial recently showed an increased mortality rate among interferon-treated patients compared to untreated controls. Consequently, the recommendation to treat patients with chronic HCV infection was challenged. Here, we argue that the possible harmful effect of long-term low-dose pegylated interferon mono therapy, as was observed in the HALT-C trial cohort, cannot be extrapolated to potentially curative short-term treatment regimens. Furthermore, we discuss SVR as a surrogate biomarker, based on numerous studies which indicated an association between SVR and improvements in health-related quality of life, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and portal pressure as well as a reduced risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver failure and mortality.
Nonleg Venous Thrombosis in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Francois Lamontagne, Lauralyn McIntyre, Peter Dodek, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Maureen Meade, Julia Pemberton, Yoanna Skrobik, Ian Seppelt, Nicholas E. Vlahakis, John Muscedere, Graham Reece, Marlies Ostermann, Soundrie Padayachee, Jamal Alhashemi, Michael Walsh, Bradley Lewis, David Schiff, Alan Moody, Nicole Zytaruk, Martine LeBlanc, Deborah J. Cook
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Critically ill patients are at risk of venous thrombosis, and therefore guidelines recommend daily thromboprophylaxis. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) commonly occurs in the lower extremities but can occur in other sites including the head and neck, trunk, and upper extremities. The risk of nonleg deep venous thromboses (NLDVTs), predisposing factors, and the association between NLDVTs and pulmonary embolism (PE) or death are unclear.To describe the frequency, anatomical location, risk factors, management, and consequences of NLDVTs in a large cohort of medical-surgical critically ill adults.A nested prospective cohort study in the setting of secondary and tertiary care intensive care units (ICUs). The study population comprised 3746 patients, who were expected to remain in the ICU for at least 3 days and were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of dalteparin vs standard heparin for thromboprophylaxis.The proportion of patients who had NLDVTs, the mean number per patient, and the anatomical location. We characterized NLDVTs as prevalent or incident (identified within 72 hours of ICU admission or thereafter) and whether they were catheter related or not. We used multivariable regression models to evaluate risk factors for NLDVT and to examine subsequent anticoagulant therapy, associated PE, and death. RESULTS Of 3746 trial patients, 84 (2.2%) developed 1 or more non-leg vein thromboses (superficial or deep, proximal or distal). Thromboses were more commonly incident (n = 75 [2.0%]) than prevalent (n = 9 [0.2%]) (P < .001) and more often deep (n = 67 [1.8%]) than superficial (n = 31 [0.8%]) (P < .001). Cancer was the only independent predictor of incident NLDVT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.06-4.65). After adjusting for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, personal or family history of venous thromboembolism, body mass index, vasopressor use, type of thromboprophylaxis, and presence of leg DVT, NLDVTs were associated with an increased risk of PE (HR, 11.83; 95% CI, 4.80-29.18). Nonleg DVTs were not associated with ICU mortality (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.62-1.92) in a model adjusting for age, APACHE II, vasopressor use, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and platelet count below 50 × 10(9)/L. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Despite universal heparin thromboprophylaxis, nonleg thromboses are found in 2.2% of medical-surgical critically ill patients, primarily in deep veins and proximal veins. Patients who have a malignant condition may have a significantly higher risk of developing NLDVT, and patients with NLDVT, compared with those without, appeared to be at higher risk of PE but not higher risk of death.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00182143.
Selective and Specific Inhibition of I f with Ivabradine for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease or Heart Failure
Authors: Prakash Deedwania
Journal: Drugs (2013)

Heart rate is an important contributor in the pathophysiology of both coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). Ivabradine is an anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic agent, which selectively and specifically inhibits the I f current in the sino-atrial node and provides pure heart rate reduction without altering other cardiac parameters, including conduction, and without directly affecting other haemodynamic parameters. It is approved for the treatment of CAD and HF. This article summarises the pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and tolerability of ivabradine in the treatment of CAD and HF, and presents evidence demonstrating that the pharmacological and clinical properties and clinical efficacy of ivabradine make it an important therapeutic choice for patients with stable CAD or HF. The positive effect of ivabradine on angina pectoris symptoms and its ability to reduce myocardial ischemia make it an important agent in the management of patients with stable CAD or chronic HF. Further studies are underway to add to the already robust evidence of ivabradine for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD but without clinical HF. The SIGNIFY (Study assessInG the morbidity–mortality beNefits of the I f inhibitor ivabradine in patients with coronarY artery disease) trial includes patients with stable CAD and an LVEF above 40 %, with no clinical sign of HF, and is investigating the long-term effects (over a period of 48 months) of ivabradine in a large study population. So far, this study has included more than 19,000 patients from 51 countries.
Dying in hospital: the residents' viewpoint
Authors: S Ahmedzai
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A survey of residents' (junior house officers') experiences and attitudes to the terminal care part of their work in four Glasgow teaching hospitals showed that even a month after starting work one-fifth of the respondents had not actively managed a dying patient. Sixty-four per cent thought that they had received inadequate teaching in terminal care. Depression and anxiety had been the most difficult symptoms encountered. The residents thought that the ward nursing staff contributed much more than their senior medical colleagues to both the medical and psychological aspects of terminal care. The results indicate a need for more undergraduate education in the most relevant areas, such as coping with the psychological problems of dying patients and their relatives. Newly qualified residents require more support from senior medical staff in looking after the terminally ill.
INJURIES TO THE EYE WITH BIRDSHOT
Authors: WILBUR B. MARPLE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I have recently had under my care two cases in which the eye was injured with birdshot, both having double perforation. The histories, briefly, are as follows: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —E. B., aged 30, was accidentally shot, November 16, from a distance of 35 yards, while hunting, one shot penetrating the left eye. The injury took place in North Carolina, and it was not until about 5 o'clock of the afternoon of the next day that I first saw him. <h3>Examination.</h3> —There was a penetrating wound of the left eye, exactly in the limbus, at the nasal end of the horizontal diameter of the cornea. The lens was partially opaque, there was no prolapse of the iris, but there was a coloboma toward the nasal side, as clean as if it had been an operative coloboma. Apparently a piece of the iris had been torn loose and carried out of sight.
Platelets from patients with the Quebec platelet disorder contain and secrete abnormal amounts of urokinase-type plasminogen activator
Authors: Walter H. A. Kahr, Shilun Zheng, Prameet M. Sheth, Menaka Pai, Alison Cowie, Madeleine Bouchard, Thomas J. Podor, Georges E. Rivard, Catherine P. M. Hayward
Journal: Blood (2001)
Therapeutic modulation of ATP sensitive potassium channels in ischaemia
Authors: W. C Cole, E A. Aeillo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Therapeutic modulation of ATP sensitive potassium channels in ischaemia Get access William C Cole, William C Cole Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E Alejandko Aeillo E Alejandko Aeillo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 2, February 1994, Pages 286–287, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.2.286 Published: 01 February 1994
Complex Cystic Lesions in the Liver Causing Abdominal Pain
Authors: Michael J. Pucci, Warren R. Maley, Charles J. Yeo, Harish Lavu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

A 74-year-old woman was seen by her primary care physician for dull epigastric and right upper quadrant abdominal pain of 1-year duration. Routine laboratory values were within normal limits. The patient underwent ultrasonography of the abdomen, and 2 cystic lesions were discovered in the liver. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen revealed 2 multiloculated cystic lesions in segments IV and V of the liver (Figure, A). Additional laboratory values included normal carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 19-9 levels. Percutaneous aspiration with a biopsy of one of the cystic lesions was performed that revealed atypical cells suspicious for malignancy. The patient was then referred for management to our institution, where she underwent an exploratory laparotomy and enucleation of these 2 complex multiloculated cystic lesions (Figure, B).
Phase II Study of the Multitargeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor XL647 in Patients with Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: M. Catherine Pietanza, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Afshin Dowlati, Thomas J. Lynch, Ravi Salgia, Kendrith M. Rowland, Michael S. Wertheim, Katharine A. Price, Gregory J. Riely, Christopher G. Azzoli, Vincent A. Miller, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, Jan H. Beumer, Margaret Tonda, Ben Mitchell, Naiyer A. Rizvi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Genome-wide meta-analyses identify three loci associated with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Xiangdong Liu, Pietro Invernizzi, Yue Lu, Roman Kosoy, Yan Lu, Ilaria Bianchi, Mauro Podda, Chun Xu, Gang Xie, Fabio Macciardi, Carlo Selmi, Sara Lupoli, Russell Shigeta, Michael Ransom, Ana Lleo, Annette T Lee, Andrew L Mason, Robert P Myers, Kevork M Peltekian, Cameron N Ghent, Francesca Bernuzzi, Massimo Zuin, Floriano Rosina, Elisabetta Borghesio, Annarosa Floreani, Roberta Lazzari, Grazia Niro, Angelo Andriulli, Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Piero L Almasio, Pietro Andreone, Marzia Margotti, Maurizia Brunetto, Barbara Coco, Domenico Alvaro, Maria C Bragazzi, Fabio Marra, Alessandro Pisano, Cristina Rigamonti, Massimo Colombo, Marco Marzioni, Antonio Benedetti, Luca Fabris, Mario Strazzabosco, Piero Portincasa, Vincenzo O Palmieri, Claudio Tiribelli, Lory Croce, Savino Bruno, Sonia Rossi, Maria Vinci, Cleofe Prisco, Alberto Mattalia, Pierluigi Toniutto, Antonio Picciotto, Andrea Galli, Carlo Ferrari, Silvia Colombo, Giovanni Casella, Lorenzo Morini, Nicola Caporaso, Agostino Colli, Giancarlo Spinzi, Renzo Montanari, Peter K Gregersen, E Jenny Heathcote, Gideon M Hirschfield, Katherine A Siminovitch, Christopher I Amos, M Eric Gershwin, Michael F Seldin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Hemochromatosis and Pruritus
Authors: JOHN E. NESTLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Hemochromatosis and PruritusJOHN E. NESTLER, M.D.JOHN E. NESTLER, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1026_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Idiopathic hemochromatosis, a heritable disorder of iron metabolism, has been associated with various skin manifestations (1) but has not been reported to cause pruritus. I have seen a patient with this disease, whose only presenting symptom was pruritus. The pruritus resolved with treatment of his idiopathic hemochromatosis.A 66-year-old man had intense pruritus precipitated by showering. The pruritus had been present for at least 2 years, and was described as a "pins and needles" sensation that primarily involved the anterior and posterior thorax. It occurred when showering, and lasted 30 minutes after. Warmer water made the pruritus...References1. CHEVRANT-BRETONSIMONBOURELFERRAND JMMB. Cutaneous manifestations of idiopathic hemochromatosis: study of 100 cases. Arch Dermatol. 1977;113:161-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. PASTRASBEERMAN TH. Some aspects of dermatology in diabetes mellitus: a review of some recent literature. Am J Med Sci. 1964;247:363-75. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MULLER S. Dermatologic disorders associated with diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc. 1966;41:689-703. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. BEARE J. Generalized pruritus: a study of 43 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1976;1:343-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN E. NESTLER, M.D.Affiliations: Medical College of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA 23220 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGeneralized pruritus as a symptom of hyperferritinemia: A case report and review of the literatureItching as the onset of pain (part 1)British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the investigation and management of generalized pruritus in adults without an underlying dermatosis, 2018Endocrine DiseasesAquagenic pruritus: associated diseases and clinical pruritus characteristicsRed for danger: blood transfusion and colorectal cancer.Seventh age itch.Generalized pruritus as a presentation of idiopathic haemochromatosis 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1026-1026KeywordsHemochromatosisPruritusThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Nifedipine and beta-blocker drugs.
Authors: C J Anastassiades
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Rejection of renal transplants: a further cause of intrarenal aneurysmsAneurysms of the intrarenal arteries may occur in arteriosclerosis,' diffuse vasculitis,2 mycotic disease,3 secondary to drugs,4 in neuro- fibromatosis,5 and in the presence of mass lesions of the kidney.Rarely, renal aneurysms are congenital.Pseudoaneurysms may occur in renal trauma.We describe two patients in whom multiple intrarenal aneurysms developed in association with rejection of renal transplants. Case reportsCase 1-A 40-year-old woman with chronic glomerulonephritis presented in October 1978 with end-stage renal failure.Maintenance haemodialysis was instituted, and in September 1979 she was given a cadaveric transplant (immunosuppressive treatment: azathioprine 125 mg in the morning, prednisone 20 mg daily) with immediate return of renal function.Ten days later, however, rejection occurred, and renal biopsy showed distinct cellular changes.She was treated with a booster dose of prednisone (300 mg daily,
Comment re: A Comparison of DNA Copy Number Profiling Platforms
Authors: Bradley P. Coe, Calum MacAulay, Wan L. Lam, Bauke Ylstra, Beatriz Carvalho, Gerrit A. Meijer
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

To the Editor: 

We read with interest the publication by Greshock and colleagues ( [1][1]). Side by side comparison of array comparative genomic hybridization platforms has become a hot topic and several reports have aimed to evaluate various arrays to facilitate the user's selection of the
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Drugs Looking for a Disease?
Authors: Marina Maggini, Nicola Vanacore, Roberto Raschetti
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Maggini and colleagues examine the evidence on cholinesterase inhibitors for treating dementia. "What seemed a biologically plausible intervention," they say, "has not led to a proven, real improvement in patients' well-being.".
SCARLET FEVER: ATTEMPTED IMMUNIZATION IN A PUBLIC SCHOOL
Authors: L. R. Lempriere
Journal: BMJ (1935)

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE MEBDIRCAISURNAL cases in which there is a rise in blood pressure with few symptoms-for example, severe headache, slight giddiness, or insomnia with high tension?Three have come under observation: in one the patient had slight giddy turns and headaches, and in the other two there were headaches
Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels Identifying non-Dipper Hypertension in Patients with Hypertensive without Clinically Overt Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hamdi Püşüroglu, Mehmet Erturk, Ozgur Akgül, Ozgur Surgit, Omer Çelik, Fatih Uzun, Ali Rıza Demir, Ender Oner, Erdal Belen, Ender Ozal, İsmail Bolat, Hüseyin Uyarel, Nevzat Uslu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Influenza virus-infected dendritic cells stimulate strong proliferative and cytolytic responses from human CD8+ T cells.
Authors: N Bhardwaj, A Bender, N Gonzalez, L K Bui, M C Garrett, R M Steinman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Antigen-specific, CD8+, cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) could potentially provide resistance to several infectious and malignant diseases. However, the cellular requirements for the generation of specific CTLs in human lymphocyte cultures are not well defined, and repetitive stimulation with antigen is often required. We find that strong CD8+ CTL responses to influenza virus can be generated from freshly isolated blood T cells, as long as dendritic cells are used as antigen presenting cells (APCs). Small numbers of dendritic cells (APC:T cell ratio of 1:50-1:100) induce these CTL responses from most donors in 7 d of culture, but monocytes are weak or inactive. Whereas both dendritic cells and monocytes are infected with influenza virus, the former serve as effective APCs for the induction of CD8+ T cells while the latter act as targets for the CTLs that are induced. The strong CD8+ response to influenza virus-infected dendritic cells is accompanied by extensive proliferation of the CD8+ T cells, but the response can develop in the apparent absence of CD4+ helpers or exogenous lymphokines. CD4+ influenza virus-specific CTLs can also be induced by dendritic cells, but the cultures initially must be depleted of CD8+ cells. These findings should make it possible to use dendritic cells to generate human, antigen-specific, CD8+ CTLs to other targets. The results illustrate the principle that efficient T cell-mediated responses develop in two stages: an afferent limb in which dendritic cells are specialized APCs and an efferent limb in which the primed T cells carry out an immune response to many types of presenting cells.
Increase general practice funding or risk "death of the family doctor," GP leader warns
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The case of a 34-yr-old man with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels is described. Both first-pass and equilibrium radionuclide angiographic data were acquired and demonstrate the value of both studies in delineating the ventricular inversion and the transposed great vessels that are characteristic of this disorder. In addition to the anatomic information, the ejection fractions of the venous and systemic ventricles at rest and during exercise, the lack of any left to right shunt, and the presence of systemic A-V valve insufficiency can all be obtained from the scintigraphic data.
Activated Protein C Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Hypotension in Rats by Inhibiting Excessive Production of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Hirotaka Isobe, Kenji Okajima, Mitsuhiro Uchiba, Akio Mizutani, Naoaki Harada, Akitoshi Nagasaki, Kazutoshi Okabe
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) by the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) is critically involved in endotoxin (ET)-induced hypotension. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role in induction of iNOS. Because activated protein C (APC), a physiological anticoagulant, inhibits TNF-α production, it might prevent hypotension by inhibiting excessive production of NO. In this study, we examined this possibility using a rat model of septic shock. Methods and Results — Intravenous administration of APC prevented both ET-induced hypotension and the increases in plasma levels of NO 2 − /NO 3 − . The hypotension was also inhibited when APC was administered 30 minutes after ET administration. APC inhibited the increases in lung levels of iNOS activity by inhibiting expression of iNOS mRNA in animals given ET. APC significantly inhibited the increases in lung tissue levels of TNF-α and expression of TNF-α mRNA in animals given ET. Neither DEGR-F.Xa, a selective inhibitor of thrombin generation, nor DIP-APC, an active site-blocked APC, showed any effect on these ET-induced changes. Both inhibition of TNF-α production by leukocytopenia and treatment with anti-rat TNF-α antibody produced effects similar to those induced by APC. Aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of iNOS, inhibited both the hypotension and the increases in plasma levels of NO 2 − /NO 3 − in this animal model. Conclusions — These observations strongly suggest that APC inhibits iNOS induction by decreasing TNF-α production, leading to the prevention of ET-induced hypotension. Furthermore, such effects of APC were not dependent on its anticoagulant effects but rather on its serine protease activity.