tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1254: Kaposi's Sarcoma herpesvirus K1's transcellular inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Urszula Daniluk, Zuzana Berkova, Jillian Frances Wise, Rong-Hua Tao, Rezaeian Abdol Hossein, Shu Wang, Om Prakash, Felipe Samaniego
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The long-term expression of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) K1 produces hyperplasia of lymph nodes, splenomegaly, and lymphomas in mice. The mechanism of how K1 causes hyperplasia and lymphomas is not known. K1 is known to activate Akt and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and may also bind to Fas receptor through its immunoglobulin (Ig) chain-like domain and interfere with apoptosis. We thus hypothesized that development of hyperplasia and lymphomas in K1-expressing mice is driven by altered Fas signaling. Examination of mice expressing K1 via a ubiquitous promoter showed that 90% K1 transgenic mice (n=10) had developed lymphoid hyperplasia (at least 3 lymph nodes &amp;gt;3 mm) and 60% developed lymphomas after 18 months, while all (26) control nontransgenic mice remained free of lymph node hyperplasia, splenomegaly, and lymphoma. Some K1 mice developed liver or mesenteric tumors (4 of 10 mice). The spleens of 78% of K1 mice were enlarged at 18 months and were on average 3.5 times heavier than spleens of non-K1 transgenic control mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of spleen sections showed lymphocyte expansion in the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath with disruption of normal spleen architecture. Anti-kappa and anti-lambda light chain antibodies revealed the presence of monoclonal foci in 3 out of 3 K1 mice (average 6 foci per single section of spleen), but no foci were present in 4 control non-transgenic mice. Moreover, K1 protein was expressed in approximately 10% of splenic cells after staining with anti-K1 antibody 2H5. In vitro overexpression of an Ig domain-containing protein CD79b or treatment cells with K1 peptides revealed competition with K1-Fas binding in a dose-dependent manner and rate enhancement of Fas-mediated apoptosis. We have also shown that K1 suppressed Fas-mediated apoptosis, even in cells that did not express K1. Transfection of K1 into one pool of mouse cells protected against Fas-mediated apoptosis of a second pool of human Fas-transfected mouse cells indicating protection in trans. This analysis indicates a key role of K1 in suppression of Fas-mediated apoptosis which operates in a cis and trans protective role against apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1254.
STEROIDS AS A SUPPLEMENTARY TREATMENT IN LATE LEISHMANIASIS. A Preliminary Report.
Authors: A. DOSTROVSKY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article STEROIDS AS A SUPPLEMENTARY TREATMENT IN LATE LEISHMANIASIS. A Preliminary Report. Get access A. DOSTROVSKY, M.D. A. DOSTROVSKY, M.D. Department of Dermatology and Venereology (Felix Sagher, M.D., Director), Hebrew University‐Hadassah Medical School, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1958, Pages 288–292, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13341.x Published: 01 August 1958
Hereditary thrombophilia in ethnic omani patients
Authors: Anil Pathare, Salam Al Kindi, Hamood Al Haddabi, David Dennison, Riad Bayoumi, S. Muralitharan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Hereditary thrombophilias are a group of inherited conditions that predispose to thrombosis. Mutations like factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene variant 20210A, and hereditary hyperhomocysteinemia are associated with an increased risk for thromboembolism as compared to mutations in natural inhibitors of coagulation. There is also evidence that multiple defects co-exists in persons with a tendency for thrombosis. We studied prothrombotic determinants, namely protein C, protein S, and AT along with factor V Leiden (1691G-->A), prothrombin gene mutation (20210G-->A), CBS 844ins68 mutation, and MTHFR mutation (677C-->T) in consecutive ethnic Omani patients with first episode of a thrombophilic event, namely, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) or thrombosis at an unusual site. Fasting plasma homocysteine was also analyzed. Factor V Leiden and the prothrombin gene mutation were not seen in any patient nor in any control subject studied. The thermolabile MTHFR mutation (677C-->T) was present in 14 patients (35.89%) whereas the CBS 844ins68 mutation was documented in 6 patients (15.38%); 3 patients were common in both groups. Six patients had low protein C (15.38%), two patients had low protein S (5.12%), but none had low AT levels. Interestingly, one patient had triple abnormality, namely, PC deficiency with both CBS 844ins68 mutation as well as the MTHFR mutation (677C-->T) whereas another two patients had the latter two mutations together. This data set, although small, reflects the importance of multiple screening strategies. The yield appears high, emphasizing the referral pattern to a tertiary health center. Of these patients, 43.58% had either or both the hyperhomocysteinemic mutations studied, whereas in 38.46% of these patients, no underlying cause for thrombophilia could be documented.
Generation of Functional Hepatocytes From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions That Recapitulate Liver Development
Authors: Thomas Touboul, Nicholas R. F. Hannan, Sébastien Corbineau, Amélie Martinez, Clémence Martinet, Sophie Branchereau, Sylvie Mainot, Hélène Strick-Marchand, Roger Pedersen, James Di Santo, Anne Weber, Ludovic Vallier
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Generation of hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could represent an advantageous source of cells for cell therapy approaches as an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation. However, the generation of differentiated hepatocytes from hESCs remains a major challenge, especially using a method compatible with clinical applications. We report a novel approach to differentiate hESCs into functional hepatic cells using fully defined culture conditions, which recapitulate essential stages of liver development. hESCs were first differentiated into a homogenous population of endoderm cells using a combination of activin, fibroblast growth factor 2, and bone morphogenetic protein 4 together with phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition. The endoderm cells were then induced to differentiate further into hepatic progenitors using fibroblast growth factor 10, retinoic acid, and an inhibitor of activin/nodal receptor. After further maturation, these cells expressed markers of mature hepatocytes, including asialoglycoprotein receptor, tyrosine aminotransferase, α1-antitrypsin, Cyp7A1, and hepatic transcription factors such as hepatocyte nuclear factors 4α and 6. Furthermore, the cells generated under these conditions exhibited hepatic functions in vitro , including glycogen storage, cytochrome activity, and low-density lipoprotein uptake. After transduction with a green fluorescent protein–expressing lentivector and transplantation into immunodeficient uPA transgenic mice, differentiated cells engrafted into the liver, grew, and expressed human albumin and α1-antitrypsin as well as green fluorescent protein for at least 8 weeks. In addition, we showed that hepatic cells could be generated from human-induced pluripotent cells derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts, demonstrating the efficacy of this approach with pluripotent stem cells of diverse origins. Conclusion: We have developed a robust and efficient method to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into hepatic cells, which exhibit characteristics of human hepatocytes. Our approach should facilitate the development of clinical grade hepatocytes for transplantation and for research on drug discovery. (Hepatology 2010.)
Haemoglobin concentration and other values in women using an intrauterine device or taking corticosteroid contraceptive pills.
Authors: J A Zadeh, C D Karabus, J Fielding
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Hemoglobin concentration packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were estimated in 219 women attending a Family Planning Association clinic; 53 controls women tested before IUD or oral contraceptive  use; 72 women using an IUD; and 94 women using the pill.  There was no difference in hemological status of controls divided according to the method of contraception subsequently advised (P>.5 P>.9 and P>.9 respectively).  The mean hemoglobin concentration and PCV among women using an IUD 12.8 plus or minus .12 g/100 ml and 38.3 plus or minus .33% respectively were less than in controls 13.4 plus or minus .11 g and 40.2 plus or minus 26% respectively (P .8).  The proportion of women using pills containing the progestogen norethisterone acetate who had hemoglobin concentration levels greater than 14 g was significantly greater than the proportion using other pills.  This level was significantly different from the control group (.085vP<.05).  The uneven increase in mean hemoglobin concentration may be due to the relative reduction in plasma volume occurring in some women.  Hemoglobin mass may vary differently from plasma volume.  The increase of mean hemoglobin concentration may not be due solely to diminished blood loss.  Corticosteroid stimulation of the bone marrow may be involved.
Re: Emmanuel David-Montefiore, Jean-Louis Frobert, Marielle Grisard-Anaf, Jean Lienhart, Karine Bonnet, Christophe Poncelet and Emile Daraï. Peri-Operative Complications and Pain After the Suburethral Sling Procedure for Urinary Stress Incontinence: A French Prospective Randomised Multicentre Study Comparing the Retropubic and Transobturator Routes. Eur Urol 2006;49:133–8
Authors: J. Chandra Singh, Jeyaprakash Muliyil
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Surrogate tests and the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis; their time has come
Authors: Richard D. Aach
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

A total of 481 recipients of blood transfusions who had received 6,295 units of blood were followed for 6–9 months in order to evaluate the relationship between posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) and transfusion of blood that is positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). The incidence of non-A, non-B PTH (NANB-PTH) was 11.9% among the 193 recipients who received one or more units of anti-HBc-positive blood compared to only 3.2% of the 288 recipients of only anti-HBc-negative blood (p < 0.001). There was, however, no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis B serological response following transfusion of anti-HBc-positive blood compared to anti-HBc negative blood. The relationship of NANB-PTH following receipt of anti-HBc-positive blood and/or blood with an elevated ALT level was studied in a subset of 230 recipients and their 1,549 donors. Donor anti-HBc appeared to be more closely associated with an increased rate of NANB-PTH than an elevated donor ALT level, or with the volume of blood transfused. Donor blood that was anti-HBc-positive and blood with increased ALT activity behaved as independent variables with respect to the development of NANB-PTH. Although only 15% of the units that were anti-HBc-positive were associated with NANB-PTH, calculation of maxi-mal correlated efficacy predicted that exclusion of the 4% of the units that were anti-HBc-positive might have prevented 43% of the cases of NANB-PTH. The authors conclude that screening donors with surrogate tests should be seriously considered because of the serious complications of NANB-PTH.
Peer Review and the Philosophy of Science
Authors: Michael T. Hagley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor. —  The article by Dr Horrobin 1 is interesting if seen in the context of the philosophy of science in general. Dr Horrobin argues that the purpose of peer review is more than to maintain quality and includes encouragement of innovation. The peer review system, unfortunately, can impede innovation for a number of reasons. The structure and problems of the peer review system in the medical literature are similar to the description of science in general as described by some of the newer philosophers of science.  In general, the scientific process had been regarded as a rational one until the publication of the work of Kuhn 2 in 1970. He argued that a scientific discipline is organized around a particular paradigm that gives direction to scientists. Most work in science involves elaboration of a paradigm. Occasionally, however, a novel idea comes along and revolutionizes an area of
The biological properties of iron oxide core high-density lipoprotein in experimental atherosclerosis
Authors: Torjus Skajaa, David P. Cormode, Peter A. Jarzyna, Amanda Delshad, Courtney Blachford, Alessandra Barazza, Edward A. Fisher, Ronald E. Gordon, Zahi A. Fayad, Willem J.M. Mulder
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
HTLV-I-associated lymphoma presenting as mycosis fungoides in an HTLV-I non-endemic area: a viro-molecular study
Authors: M. D'INCAN, O. ANTONIOTTI, M. GASMI, Y. FONCK, J. CHASSAGNE, C. DESGRANGES, P. SOUTEYRAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Summary Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is endemic in the Caribbean region, south-western Japan and Africa, and is associated with tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Cutaneous forms of ATLL are sometimes indistinguishable from other cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). We report a woman living in a non-endemic area for HTLV-I, with no risk factors for viral infection, who developed mycosis fungoides-like ATLL. The findings underline the usefulness of molecular biological techniques in distinguishing between mycosis fungoides and ATLL. We emphasize the need to establish the HTLV-I status of patients with CTCL, even in HTLV-I non-endemic areas, not only to establish a preventive policy in these countries, but also to further our knowledge of the lymphoproliferation spectrum associated with human retroviruses.
TREATMENT OF ACNE AND CHRONIC ECZEMA.
Authors: RUSSELL H. BOGGS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The successful treatment of acne and eczema means something more than a hasty prescription for a tonic and an external application. Routine treatment without a careful study of the etiology, pathology, stage and type of the disease, shows lack of clinical knowledge. The treatment of any skin lesion demands of the practitioner a sound knowledge of general medicine and experience of the various therapeutic agents employed. There are probably no two skin lesions in which a larger number of remedies have been employed. Sabouraud states: "There is not a single treatment for eczema, but a thousand, which proves that there is not a single good one." As every one is familiar with the etiology and pathology, and also with the older routine remedies, an effort will be made to show some of the indications and the contraindications of the Roentgen rays. A great deal has been said and written in
Watch what we are doing
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Armchair theorists such as me were delighted recently by the latest instalment in the link between pre-eclampsia and sexual behaviour. The story started 20 years ago when someone noticed that women who had a new sex partner as the father in their second or later pregnancies had the same high risk of pre-eclampsia as that seen in primigravidas. Further work has confirmed that finding, and this latest report (Lancet 8 October, p 973) showed that even among primigravidas the risk was related to the duration of the sexual relationship with the father before conception. Women who had been having sex with the father for …
Ischemic preconditioning activates AMPK in a PKC-dependent manner and induces GLUT4 up-regulation in the late phase of cardioprotection
Authors: Y Nishino
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The aim of this study was to determine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its link to protein kinase C (PKC) in the late phase of cardioprotection afforded by ischemic preconditioning (PC) against myocardial stunning.Rabbits were instrumented with a balloon occluder around a coronary artery and with a Doppler sensor to monitor the thickening fraction (TF). Conscious rabbits underwent five cycles of 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion (I/R) on 2 consecutive days (days 1 and 2). Reduction of TF after I/R was significantly less and recovery of TF was faster on day 2, indicating a late PC effect. PC provoked translocation of PKC- from the cytosol to the membrane and significantly increased AMPK activity by 100% immediately after PC. The mRNA level of GLUT4, a glucose transporter, was elevated by 150% at 3 h after PC, and the total protein level of GLUT4 was increased by 107% at 24 h after PC. The level of sarcolemmal GLUT4 protein after I/R on day 2 was 41% higher than its level after I/R on day 1. AMPK activation and up-regulation of GLUT4 by PC were abrogated by pre-treatment with PKC inhibitors.PC activated AMPK and up-regulated GLUT4 expression in a PKC-dependent manner. This GLUT4 up-regulation at 24 h after PC may contribute to attenuation of myocardial stunning.
THE STABLE HYDROGEN SULFIDE DONOR, DIALLYL TRISULFIDE, PROTECTS AGAINST ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN MICE
Authors: Benjamin L. Predmore, D. Bennett Grinsfelder, Juan Pablo Aragon, Marah Elston, John W. Calvert, David J. Lefer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Postthoracotomy Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Resectable Lung Cancer
Authors: Jos A. Stigt, Steven M. Uil, Susanne J.H. van Riesen, Frans J.N.A. Simons, Monique Denekamp, Ghada M. Shahin, Harry J.M. Groen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)

Little is known about the effects of rehabilitation for patients with lung cancer after thoracotomy. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on quality of life (QOL) and secondary objectives were to determine its effects on pain and exercise capacity and the feasibility of combining rehabilitation with adjuvant chemotherapy.Patients who had undergone a thoracotomy for lung cancer were randomized between rehabilitation and usual care. Rehabilitation consisted of twice-weekly training for 12 weeks starting 1 month after hospital discharge, scheduled visits to pain specialists, and medical social work. QOL and pain were measured with validated questionnaires at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Exercise tolerance was assessed at baseline and after 3 months with a 6-minute walking distance test.The study closed prematurely because of the introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Of 57 randomized patients, 49 patients (23 active and 26 control) were analyzed. QOL was not significantly different between groups, although, the active group reported more pain after 3 and 6 months and more limitations because of physical problems after 3 months. In the active group, 6-minute walking distance improved by 35 m from preoperative baseline, as opposed to the control group that showed a decline by 59 m (p = 0.024 for difference). Patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy showed decreased attendance at training sessions.Rehabilitation did not result in a better QOL. Exercise tolerance improved at the cost of more pain and more limitations because of physical problems. We suggest that rehabilitation is better postponed for 3 to 4 months after hospital discharge.
A quantitative study of the anatomy and distribution of coronary arteries in swine in comparison with other animals and man
Authors: M. E WEAVER, G. A PANTELY, J D. BRISTOW, H. D LADLEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The coronary circulation of swine was studied to establish adequate baseline information for using swine in cardiovascular research. Of 65 hearts from domestic and miniature pigs, 45 were injected with a methacrylate plastic and prepared as coronary artery casts whose branches were described and measured, and 20 were injected with different coloured dyes in the right, left anterior descending, and circumflex coronary arteries so that horizontal sections of the heart showed the distribution of each artery and the source of blood supply to particular areas or structures of the heart. Like man, the swine had a left coronary artery that was larger in diameter and longer than the right coronary artery. The right coronary artery was almost always dominant (78%), supplying the posterior septum and atrioventricular node via the posterior descending coronary artery. Eight (17%) of the hearts possessed a balanced blood supply. Two (5%) hearts had a left dominant supply. The intracoronary artery dye injections showed that 72.4% of the right ventricular mass was supplied by the right coronary artery and 27.6% by the left anterior descending coronary artery. In the left ventricle 49% of the mass was supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery, 25.5% by the right coronary artery, and 25.5% by the circumflex coronary artery. The left anterior descending coronary artery supplied 58% of the interventricular septal mass, while the posterior descending coronary artery supplied 42%. The distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery branches to the ventricular wall varied inversely in number and size of its diagonal branches (2-9) with the obtuse marginal branches of the circumflex coronary artery which were occasionally more numerous or extended to the apex. The blood supply to the sinoatrial node was always by a branch of the right coronary artery. This analysis shows that not only the coronary anatomy but also the distribution of blood supply to particular areas or structures of the swine heart are very similar to that of humans.
Scientists call for whistleblowers' charter
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The British scientific community needs a statutory body to detect and prevent scientific fraud. This was the unanimous view of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which met in London last week. The meeting also called for a whistleblowers' charter to protect people who draw attention to fraud from victimisation.

Ian Kennedy, professor of medical law and ethics at King's College London, said that proper protection for whistleblowers was essential in detecting research fraud. Whistleblowers were often ignored, victimised, professionally ostracised, and labelled as pathological, he said.

Dr Frank Wells from Medicolegal Investigations, a private company that investigates cases of scientific fraud, described a case in which a research nurse was victimised …
129 CMV infection and biliary tract complications are related with a poor outcome of liver transplantation for HCV-related cirrhosis
Authors: S. Giovanelli, A. D'Errico, G.L. Grazi, F. Lodato, A. Colecchia, M.R. Tame, F. Azzaroli, G. Vetrone, M. Del Gaudio, E. Roda, G. Mazzella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)