tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Acute Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis to the Development of Cirrhosis in the Presence of Alcohol Abuse
Authors: D. Robert Harris, René Gonin, Harvey J. Alter, Elizabeth C. Wright, Zelma J. Buskell, F. Blaine Hollinger, Leonard B. Seeff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Although concomitant alcoholism is widely believed to enhance liver disease progression in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, this relationship has not been well quantified. Objective: To quantify the relationship of transfusion-associated HCV infection and history of heavy alcohol abuse to development of cirrhosis. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Liver clinics in university and government hospitals. Patients: Extended follow-up of 1030 patients in prospective investigations of transfusion-associated viral hepatitis conducted in the United States between 1968 and 1980. Measurements: Development of cirrhosis and history of heavy alcohol abuse were determined from review of interviews with patients or their proxies, medical records, death certificates, and autopsy and biopsy reports. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk for cirrhosis associated with transfusion-associated HCV infection and history of heavy alcohol abuse. Results: The absolute risk for cirrhosis was 17% among patients with transfusion-associated HCV; 3.2% among patients with transfusion-associated non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis; and 2.8% among controls. Patients with transfusion-associated HCV were more likely than controls to develop cirrhosis (odds ratio, 7.8 [95% CI, 4.0 to 15.1]). A history of heavy alcohol abuse was associated with a fourfold increased risk for cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus infection plus a history of heavy alcohol abuse led to a substantial increase in risk for cirrhosis (odds ratio, 31.1 [CI, 11.4 to 84.5]) compared with controls without such a history. Conclusions: Heavy alcohol abuse greatly exacerbates the risk for cirrhosis among patients with HCV infection. This finding emphasizes the need to counsel such patients about their drinking habits.
Book Review Leukemia Sixth edition. Edited by Edward S. Henderson, T. Andrew Lister, and Mel F. Greaves. 619 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1996. $195. 0-7216-5381-2 Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood Third edition. Edited by Peter H. Wiernik, George P. Canellos, Janice P. Dutcher, and Robert A. Kyle. 1240 pp., illustrated. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1996. $229.95. 0-443-07600-6
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)
Postmarketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine: 10 year mortality report.
Authors: D G Colin-Jones, M J Langman, D H Lawson, R F Logan, K R Paterson, M P Vessey
Journal: Gut (1992)

A total of 9928 cimetidine users were identified from prescriptions in four centres and followed for 10 years. The 9all-cause9 mortality ratio fell from 1.9 in year 1 to 1.0 in years 8 to 10. Most of the early excess in mortality was attributable to cimetidine being given in the late stages of many diseases, often to counter adverse gastric effects of other drugs. Specific causes of mortality during years 5-10 of the study, were generally unremarkable. Significant increases in mortality ratios were apparent, however, for oesophageal cancer (years 5-7, 2.3; years 8-10, 1.9); lung cancer (years 5-7, 1.1; years 8-10, 1.7); diseases of the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum (years 5-7, 3.3; years 8-10, 2.3); and chronic liver disease (years 5-7, 2.4; years 8-10, 3.3). None of these increases in mortality seems to be attributable to an adverse effect of cimetidine use. Data are also presented for mortality from diseases of the nervous system. Eight deaths (of which one was miscoded) were certified as being from motor neurone disease, representing a mortality ratio of 2.6 for years 2-10 of the study which is of borderline statistical significance. This study confirms that cimetidine is safe. Mortality from some diseases increased over the study period, but selection rather than any adverse effect of the drug is likely to be the explanation.
CSK regulatory polymorphism is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and influences B-cell signaling and activation
Authors: Nataly Manjarrez-Orduño, Emiliano Marasco, Sharon A Chung, Matthew S Katz, Jenna F Kiridly, Kim R Simpfendorfer, Jan Freudenberg, David H Ballard, Emil Nashi, Thomas J Hopkins, Deborah S Cunninghame Graham, Annette T Lee, Marieke J H Coenen, Barbara Franke, Dorine W Swinkels, Robert R Graham, Robert P Kimberly, Patrick M Gaffney, Timothy J Vyse, Timothy W Behrens, Lindsey A Criswell, Betty Diamond, Peter K Gregersen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome in humans: coxackie A10 infections in New Zealand.
Authors: M. F. Duff
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Exercise and Fibrinolysis-Cash and Woodfield BsRfm 661 during the preparation of the 12-month follow-up programme we observed defirite ischaemic changes in the post-exercise electrocardiogram in one of our poor responders-changes which were not present 12 months before.However, one of our original good responders (68%) died after a posterior myocardial infarction in the 12-month interval.Necropsy showed widespread coronary artery atheroma, and on microscopical examination of the thrombus in the right coronary artery it was found that this was probably secondary to haemorrhage into an atheromatous plaque. SummaryThe resting levels of circulating plasminogen activator, as measured by the euglobulin lysis time, and changes following a standard exercise procedure were studied in 25 male and 25 female healthy middle-aged subjects.There was a significantly higher level in the female group.Comparison with previous results obtained from 50 young healthy subjects aged 18-30 years showed no statistically significant difference between the two age groups.There was evidence to indicate that cigarette smoking may have a deleterious effect on the resting level of circulating plasminogen activator.The phenomenon of the poor fibrinolytic responder to exer- cise, previously described in the young subjects, was also shown in the middle-aged population.The middle-aged females had a significantly higher response than the middle-aged males, but there was no significant difference between the total young and middle-aged populations.Cigarette smoking had no in- fluence on the fibrinolytic response to exercise.A 12-month follow-up study on 18 middle-aged subjects confirmed the phenomenon of a poor fibrinolytic response to exercise.
A follow-up of tetracycline treated rosacea (with special reference to rosacea keratitis)
Authors: Arthur Knight and, C. F. H. Vickers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Seventy patients with rosacea were treated with systemic tetracycline for 6 months. Sixty-eight of them cleared with treatment. After withdrawal of the drug seventeen relapsed immediately and the overall relapse rate over 4 years was 69%. The serum tetracycline levels were not significantly different in two patients who failed to respond. Six patients had rosacea keratitis and responded dramatically within 1 month. Symptoms recurred as the drug was withdrawn. It is suggested that rosacea patients with keratitis should receive early and prolonged tetracycline medication.
Human female exogamy is supported by cross-species comparisons: Cause to recognise sex differences in societal policy?
Authors: Guy Madison
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract A sex difference in the tendency to outbreed (female exogamy) is a premise for the target article's proposed framework, which receives some support by being shared with chimpanzees but not with more distantly related primates. Further empirical support is provided, and it is suggested that recognition of sex differences might improve effective fairness, taking sexual assault as a case in point.
PARTIAL BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ACTIVATED ESTERASE REQUIRED IN THE COMPLEMENT-DEPENDENT CHEMOTAXIS OF RABBIT POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES
Authors: Elmer L. Becker, Peter A. Ward
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

It was shown in the preceding paper that incubation of the rabbit polymorphonuclearleukocyteswith phosphonate esters leads to an irreversible inhibition of the ability of the leukocyte to respond to the chemotactic factor. This "cell-dependent inhibition" was attributed to the inactivation by the phosphonates of an esterase existing in or on the leukocyte in an already activated state. As shown in this paper, incubating the leukocyte with phosphonate in the presence of certain esters prevents this cell-dependent inhibition. The protection is specific; the ester must be an acetate. Ethyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, ATP, tosyl arginine methyl ester, or acetyl tyrosine ethyl ester do not protect. The protection is independent of the phosphonate used to inhibit, and the degree of protection depends on the relative concentrations of acetate and phosphonate. Those acetates which protect are also the esters which inhibit chemotaxis when added to the leukocyte in the upper part of the chemotaxis chamber. It is concluded that the activated esterase is an enzyme capable of specifically splitting, or binding acetates, or doing both. Presumably the esterase is some type of acetylesterase or acetylase. The known aliesterase present in the leukocyte is not the activated esterase. Inhibition of the activated esterase by phosphonates has no effect on endogenous or exogenous glycolysis.
Results of A SERIES OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL OPERATIONS
Authors: F. J. S. Heaney
Journal: BMJ (1928)

IN spite of the work which has been donie anid the volume of literature which has accumulated during the last twenty- five years there arre many points still unsettled in the surgery of gastric and duodenal ulceration, and every surgeon is in duty bountd to review his cases in the light of current literature and to bring his experiencoes, great or small, into the common stock.This mustbe my apology for recording the end-results in a comparatively small series of cases.Excluding malignant disease, I have notes on 183 con- secutive cases operated on by myself, mostly within the past four years, and I have endeavoured, with the assist- ance of my friend Dr. Aiden, to follow up every case.We have succeeded in obtaining the end-results in about 90 per cent. of Atheih.Pathologically the cases may be classified as folJows.1. -Acute per'forations ...
Whole-Grain, Cereal Fiber, Bran, and Germ Intake and the Risks of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease–Specific Mortality Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Meian He, Rob M. van Dam, Eric Rimm, Frank B. Hu, Lu Qi
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Although whole-grain consumption has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality in the general population, the association of whole grain with mortality in diabetic patients remains to be determined. This study investigated whole grain and its components cereal fiber, bran, and germ in relation to all-cause and CVD-specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.We followed 7822 US women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Nurses' Health Study. Dietary intakes and potential confounders were assessed with regularly administered questionnaires. We documented 852 all-cause deaths and 295 CVD deaths during up to 26 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, the highest versus the lowest fifths of intakes of whole grain, cereal fiber, bran, and germ were associated with 16% to 31% lower all-cause mortality. After further adjustment for lifestyle and dietary risk factors, only the association for bran intake remained significant (P for trend=0.01). The multivariate relative risks across the fifths of bran intake were 1.0 (reference), 0.94 (0.75 to 1.18), 0.80 (0.64 to 1.01), 0.82 (0.65 to 1.04), and 0.72 (0.56 to 0.92). Similarly, bran intake was inversely associated with CVD-specific mortality (P for trend=0.04). The relative risks across the fifths of bran intake were 1.0 (reference), 0.95 (0.66 to 1.38), 0.80 (0.55 to 1.16), 0.76 (0.51 to 1.14), and 0.65 (0.43 to 0.99). Similar results were observed for added bran alone.Whole-grain and bran intakes were associated with reduced all-cause and CVD-specific mortality in women with diabetes mellitus. These findings suggest a potential benefit of whole-grain intake in reducing mortality and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
Stability of Parental Understanding of Random Assignment in Childhood Leukemia Trials: An Empirical Examination of Informed Consent
Authors: Rachel Neff Greenley, Dennis Drotar, Stephen J. Zyzanski, Eric Kodish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To examine stability versus change in parental understanding of random assignment in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for pediatric leukemia and to identify factors associated with changes in understanding. Methods Eighty-four parents of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia who were enrolled onto a pediatric leukemia RCT at one of six US children's hospitals participated. Parents were interviewed twice, once within 48 hours after the Informed Consent Conference (ICC; time 1 [T1]) and again 6 months later (time 2 [T2]). Interviews focused on parental understanding of key components of the RCT, including random assignment. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and later analyzed. Results Changes in understanding of random assignment occurred in 19% of parents, with 17% of parents deteriorating in understanding from T1 to T2. Forty-nine percent of parents failed to understand random assignment at both times. Factors associated with understanding at both times included majority ethnicity, high socioeconomic status, parental reading of consent document, and presence of a nurse during the ICC. Physician discussion of specific components of the RCT was also associated with understanding at both times. Female caregivers and parents of low socioeconomic status were overrepresented among those who showed decay in understanding from T1 to T2. Conclusion Parents showed little gain in understanding over time. Factors that predicted understanding at diagnosis as well as sustained understanding over time may be important intervention targets. Attention to both modifiable and nonmodifiable barriers is important for clinical practice.
DELAYED PSYCHOSOMATIC SKIN DISORDERS IN SURVIVORS OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS
Authors: JACOB SHANON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

The delayed appearance of psychosomatic skin disorders in survivors of concentration camps as a reaction to traumatic emotional experiences has been discussed. This phenomenon bas been studied in 105 patients and illustrated by means of a case study, and the underlying psychodynamics have been analysed. The mechanism of the delayed reaction has been discussed In terms of stress and conflict and their interaction.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor reduces mortality from Escherichia coli septic shock.
Authors: A A Creasey, A C Chang, L Feigen, T C Wün, F B Taylor, L B Hinshaw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) plays a significant role in vivo in regulating coagulation that results from exposure of blood to tissue factor after vascular injury as in the case of gram negative sepsis. Highly purified recombinant TFPI (6 mg/kg) was administered either 30 min or 4 h after the start of a lethal intravenous Escherichia coli infusion in baboons. Early posttreatment of TFPI resulted in (a) permanent seven-day survivors (5/5) with significant improvement in quality of life, while the mean survival time for the controls (5/5) was 39.9 h (no survivors); and (b) significant attenuations of the coagulation response and various measures of cell injury, with significant reductions in pathology observed in E. coli sepsis target organs, including kidneys, adrenals, and lungs. TFPI administration did not affect the reduction in mean systemic arterial pressure, the increases in respiration and heart rate, or temperature changes associated with the bacterial infusion. TFPI treated E. coli infected baboons had significantly lower IL-6 levels than their phosphate buffered saline-treated controls, however tumor necrosis factor levels were similarly elevated in both groups. In contrast to the earlier 30-min treatment, the administration of TFPI at 4 h, i.e., 240 min, after the start of bacterial infusion resulted in prolongation of survival time, with 40% survival rate (2/5) and some attenuation of the coagulopathic response, especially in animals in which fibrinogen levels were above 10% of normal at the time of TFPI administration. Results provide evidence for the significance of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in bacterial sepsis, and suggest a role for blood coagulation in the regulation of the inflammatory response.
Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor–8 blockade triggers tumor destruction through coordinated cell-autonomous and immune-mediated mechanisms
Authors: Masahisa Jinushi, Marimo Sato, Akira Kanamoto, Akihiko Itoh, Shigenori Nagai, Shigeo Koyasu, Glenn Dranoff, Hideaki Tahara
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Carcinogenesis reflects the dynamic interplay of transformed cells and normal host elements, but cancer treatments typically target each compartment separately. Within the tumor microenvironment, the secreted protein milk fat globule epidermal growth factor–8 (MFG-E8) stimulates disease progression through coordinated αvβ3 integrin signaling in tumor and host cells. MFG-E8 enhances tumor cell survival, invasion, and angiogenesis, and contributes to local immune suppression. We show that systemic MFG-E8 blockade cooperates with cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, and radiation therapy to induce destruction of various types of established mouse tumors. The combination treatments evoke extensive tumor cell apoptosis that is coupled to efficient dendritic cell cross-presentation of dying tumor cells. This linkage engenders potent antitumor effector T cells but inhibits FoxP3+ T reg cells, thereby achieving long-term protective immunity. Collectively, these findings suggest that systemic MFG-E8 blockade might intensify the antitumor activities of existing therapeutic regimens through coordinated cell-autonomous and immune-mediated mechanisms.
Evidence that Protein Length Expansion and Contraction Is Partly Due to Mutational Events in Premeiotic Cells
Authors: Suzanne Bowen, Alan E. Wheals
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Studies on the rate of evolution of proteins typically concentrate on rates of change of orthologous amino acids rather than on changes in size (i.e., generation of nonorthologous domains). Recent work has focused attention on Ser/Thr-rich regions in yeast as these tend to undergo size changes rapidly, with size polymorphisms commonly being found, especially in proteins with cell-surface localization. The underlying mechanism generating the indels is presently unclear though, due to a lack of correlation with the location of meiotic double-strand breaks, it has, by exclusion, been conjectured to be replication slippage. Here we provide new evidence to support this possibility. Notably, we show that Ser/Thr-rich repeat regions are more generally associated with the location of Mre11p in premeiotic cells. This is to be expected if the repeats were produced by mutational events in mitotic cells possibly through replication slippage.
Patient Outcomes Research Teams: Contribution to Outcomes and Effectiveness Research
Authors: Deborah Freund, Judith Lave, Carolyn Clancy, Gillian Hawker, Victor Hasselblad, Robert Keller, Ellen Schneiter, James Wright
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1999)

▪ Abstract This paper describes the key methodological and substantive findings of Patient Outcomes Research Teams, the first outcomes and effectiveness research centers funded by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Patient Outcomes Research Teams contributed to our increased understanding of how to perform meta analysis on nontrial data, use administrative data to characterize patterns of care, develop general and disease-specific outcome measures, and disseminate important outcome information to patients and physicians to reduce practice variation. Patient Outcomes Research Teams also influenced the development of outcomes measurement in the private sector.
Change in MRI-detected subchondral bone marrow lesions is associated with cartilage loss: the MOST Study. A longitudinal multicentre study of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: F W Roemer, A Guermazi, M K Javaid, J A Lynch, J Niu, Y Zhang, D T Felson, C E Lewis, J Torner, M C Nevitt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To describe the natural history of subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in a sample of subjects with knee osteoarthritis (OA) or at risk of developing it. Additionally, to examine the association of change in BMLs from baseline to 30-month follow-up with the risk of cartilage loss in the same subregion at follow-up.1.0 T MRI was performed using proton density-weighted, fat-suppressed sequences. BML size and cartilage status were scored in the same subregions according to the WORMS system. Subregions were categorised based on comparison of baseline and follow-up BML status. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of change in BML status with cartilage loss over 30 months using stable BMLs as the reference group.395 knees were included. 66% of prevalent BMLs changed in size; 50% showed either regression or resolution at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cartilage loss in the same subregion at follow-up for the different groups were 1.2 (0.5 to 1.6) for regressing BMLs, 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) for resolving BMLs, 2.8 (1.5 to 5.2) for progressing BMLs, 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) for subregions with no BMLs at baseline and follow-up and 3.5 (2.1 to 5.9) for newly developing BMLs. BML size at baseline was associated with risk of subsequent cartilage loss.The majority of pre-existing BMLs decreased in size at follow-up. Absence of BMLs was associated with a decreased risk of cartilage loss, while progressing and new BMLs showed a high risk of cartilage loss in the same subregion.
Evolution of aminobenzoate synthases: nucleotide sequences of Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella aerogenes pabB.
Authors: P Goncharoff, B P Nichols
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1988)

p-Aminobenzoate synthase (PS) and anthranilate synthase (AS) are structurally related enzymes that catalyze similar reactions and produce similar products, para- and ortho-aminobenzoate (anthranilate). Each enzyme is composed of two non-identical subunits: a glutamine amidotransferase subunit (CoII) and a subunit that produces an aminobenzoate product (CoI). Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the Escherichia coli genes encoding each of the subunits suggest a common evolutionary origin for both subunits of the enzyme complexes. We report here the nucleotide sequences of the pabB genes that encode Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella aerogenes PS CoI. Comparative sequence information suggests that pabB is encoded as the first gene in a multicistronic transcript. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of PS CoI genes indicates that the majority of sequence identity occurs in the C-terminal two-thirds of the proteins. Similarly, identities in an alignment of eight PS and AS CoI sequences are confined to the C-terminal segments of the proteins. Secondary-structure predictions for the nine sequences suggest considerable similarity in the folding of the C-terminal portions of the aminobenzoate synthases.