tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Onset of action of mometasone furoate nasal spray (NASONEX<sup>®</sup>) in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Rb Berkowitz, Di Bernstein, C LaForce, Aj Pedinoff, Ar Rooklin, Crv Damaraju, B Mesarina‐wicki, Kb Nolop
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background :Mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS, NASONEX ® ), is a new synthetic corticosteroid with considerable efficacy in the treatment of seasonal and perennial rhinitis and less than 0.1% systemic absorption. This study was designed to evaluate the time of onset of action of MFNS. The subjects were evaluated over the course of 2 weeks during the spring allergy season. Methods :The effects of MFNS 200 μg given once daily for 2 weeks were evaluated in a randomized, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in 201 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clinically significant onset of action was assessed prospectively by special patient diary cards kept during the first 3 days of treatment. Results :By 12 h after initial dosage (the earliest evaluation), 28% of patients in the MFNS group experienced clinically significant relief, compared with 13% of those given placebo ( P =0.01). Median time to at least moderate symptom relief in patients who received MFNS was 35.9 h, compared with more than 72 h in patients given placebo ( P &lt;0.01). By 72 h, 64% of the patients receiving MFNS experienced at least moderate relief, compared with 40% of those treated with placebo ( P &lt;0.01). Both patient and physician ratings of symptom severity, response to treatment, and overall condition of rhinitis indicated significant ( P &lt;0.01) superiority of MFNS over placebo. MFNS was well tolerated, with adverse events comparable to placebo. Conclusions :MFNS provided rapid onset of clinically significant symptom relief in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Handbook of Physiology: A Critical, Comprehensive Presentation of Physiological Knowledge and Concepts. Section 2: Circulation. Vol II
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In a mammoth survey of physiology this is the second of three volumes in the section on circulation, edited by a physiologist of considerable renown. It was preceded by a section on neurophysiology and hopefully will be followed by sections on excretory, respiratory, and endocrine physiology. Here one can survey a topic in 30 or 40 pages and see in suitable perspective how knowledge develops as instrumentation improves and methods become refined. Ten of the chapters deal with the circulatory aspects of specific organs or organ systems. Some of the remaining ones give detailed coverage of such problems as pulsatile blood flow, structure and function of the vascular wall, and atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism. Of more general interest are expertly organized chapters on methods of measuring blood flow, vascular resistance and capacitance, and vascular dynamics. As might be expected with multiple authors, in some chapters the development of concepts flows
THE ROENTGEN RAY VERSUS VACCINES IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE
Authors: HOWARD FOX
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Acne vulgaris can hardly be considered a disease of great importance in the majority of cases. At times, however, it is severe enough to present a problem that is worthy of serious attention, affecting not only the peace of mind but even the earning capacity of its victim. In the treatment of this rather stubborn disease, both the roentgen ray and vaccines have been, and still are, rather widely used. With the object of comparing the therapeutic value of these two remedies, this paper has been written.  Without discussing the pathology of acne at length, it should be recalled that the essential process in this disease is a functional overactivity of the sebaceous glands, combined with a follicular hyperkeratosis. To this is frequently added more or less pustulation, and, at times, deep seated granulomatous infiltration. The therapeutic indication is to inhibit the overactivity of cells of the sebaceous glands and
Sperm you can bank on
Authors: A. Pacey
Journal: BMJ (2003)

As the scientific head of a sperm bank providing a sperm storage service for men about to undergo treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy I had often pondered with colleagues and friends how I might react if I was ever given a diagnosis of cancer and needed to decide whether to bank sperm. Such discussions invariably ended in the conclusion that I would decline the offer, as for various reasons I have no desire to father children. So imagine my surprise when, aged 35 and facing an orchidectomy after having been given a diagnosis of testicular cancer, I found myself making arrangements to bank sperm as quickly as possible.

Until then I had always been of the view that men requesting sperm banking did so in order to start or complete a family. After my own experience, however, I have questioned this view. Looking back I can only now explain my decision to bank sperm as something positive to do at an otherwise emotionally negative time. Although I had a clear understanding …
WHIRLPOOL BATHS AND POSTERIOR SPLINTING TO OVERCOME CONTRACTURES IN BURNS
Authors: J. W. Hilbert
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Contractures occurring secondary to' burned areas about a joint are always problems of considerable magnitude, especially when the disability and compensation factors are taken into consideration. Many methods have, in the past, been used, such as open method with extension and weights, paraffin method and sand bagging, all of which have caused considerable pain to the patient and many of which had finally to be discontinued either because of the discomfort or because they were not practical over a long period of time. I report this case merely because, as far as I can discover, the method used is unique, is easily carried out and gives excellent results. July 8, 1930, a white man, aged 24, sustained extensive second and third degree burns to both extremities from the ankles to the middle third of the thighs. The whole circumference of both limbs was involved. A thick application of ointment dressing
Posttraumatic stress disorder in children affected by sickle‐cell disease and their parents
Authors: Michel Hofmann, Mariane de Montalembert, Bérengère Beauquier‐Maccotta, Philippe de Villartay, Bernard Golse
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Children affected with sickle‐cell disease experience painful crises that may be life threatening, or felt as if they were. We evaluated by semistructured interviews and questionnaires the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder in 11 children affected by sickle‐cell disease and having suffered at least one hospitalization for a painful crisis, and in their parents (10 mothers, 1 father). Three children (27%) and four parents (40%) were diagnosed with the disorder. It was not correlated to the disease severity but, in parents, to a feeling of powerlessness over the child's illness ( P = 0.04). Am. J. Hematol., 2006, © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
REPORT OF A CASE OF TRANSPLANTATION WITHOUT A PEDICLE FOR CICATRICIAL ECTROPION, BLEPHAROPLASTY? BY WOLF'S METHOD.Read in the Section of Ophthalmology at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: J. MORRISON RAY
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The increasing number of successful flap oper¬ ations without a pedicle, induces me to report a case and to urge its more general adoption in cases of extensive cicatricial ectropion.Geo. Davis, negro, set.32, came under observa¬ tion at the Louisville City Hospital.Six months previously he was blown up by the premature ex¬ plosion of a blast.The skin of the right side of the face and head was extensively destroyed.The angle of the mouth, ala of the nose, and the forehead were involved in dense cicatricial tissue.
Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Heart Failure Are Associated With Impaired DNA Repair Activity
Authors: Yun You Li, Dexi Chen, Simon C. Watkins, Arthur M. Feldman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Recent studies suggest that mutations in cardiac mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may contribute to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. The mechanisms that regulate those mutations, however, remain undefined. Thus, we studied cardiac mtDNA repair mechanisms, mtDNA damage, and mitochondrial structure and function in mice with heart failure secondary to overexpression of TNF-alpha (TNF1.6 mice).We studied mtDNA repair by measuring the uracil DNA glycosylase (mtUDG) and base excision repair activities. mtDNA damage was assessed by Southern blot of Fpg protein-digested mtDNA. Mitochondrial ultrastructural changes were examined by electron microscopy, and function by cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activity assays. The results showed that both mtUDG and base excision repair activities were significantly reduced in TNF1.6 mouse heart. Fpg-sensitive sites were markedly increased in TNF1.6 mouse cardiac mtDNA, suggesting increased mtDNA damage. Mitochondrial function as demonstrated by cardiac cytochrome c oxidase activity was also markedly reduced. Cardiac ATP content was not changed, however, suggesting a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, as shown by increased LDH and ALT activities and lactate/pyruvate ratio. Ultrastructurally, the TNF1.6 mouse cardiac mitochondria became irregular in shape and smaller, and the cristae were decreased and appeared disorganized, with breaks.These results suggest that mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial structural and functional alterations in TNF-alpha-induced heart failure may be associated with reduced mtDNA repair activity, and the pathophysiological effects of TNF-alpha on the heart may be mediated, at least in part, through these changes in mitochondria.
Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Lamivudine, Entecavir, and Tenofovir for Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus–Related Cirrhosis
Authors: Seyfettin Köklü, Yaşar Tuna, Murat Taner Gülşen, Mehmet Demir, Aydin Şeref Köksal, Muhammet Cem Koçkar, Cem Aygün, Şahin Çoban, Kamil Özdil, Hüseyin Ataseven, Ebru Akin, Tuğrul Pürnak, İlhami Yüksel, Hilmi Ataseven, Mehmet İbiş, Beytullah Yildirim, Işilay Nadir, Metin Küçükazman, Erdem Akbal, Osman Yüksel, Ömer Başar, Erhan Alkan, Özlem Baykal
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Thoracic Endometriosis With Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Joseph L. Kovarik
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE PRESENCE of endometrial tissue in the chest is an unusual finding. To the authors' knowledge only ten cases of thoracic endometriosis have been reported. Of these, six were in the pulmonary parenchyma and four others in the pleura. One of these involved the diaphragm on the right and, is the only reported case of recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces coincident with menstruation.1The following case is of interest because of recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces occurring with menstruation and because of the histologic appearance of the tissue obtained at thoracotomy.  Report of a Case  A 34-year-old white woman, gravida 3 and para 3, was admitted to the hospital with a spontaneous pneumothorax on the right (Fig 1). She related a history of five previous episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax, all on the right side. The first pneumothorax occurred three months after the birth of her last child, six years before. Each pneumothorax occurred
Screening for Liver Cancer: The Rush to Judgment
Authors: Frank A. Lederle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

In 2005, a professional society issued a level I recommendation to use ultrasonography to screen the 3 million Americans with cirrhosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) every 6 months. This designation was based on a large randomized trial from China that reported a reduction in HCC deaths from screening in carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. However, besides the difference in population, this trial did not report all deaths, excluded patients after randomization, and would almost certainly have found no significant difference if the cluster randomization had been accounted for in the analysis. Misplaced confidence in the Chinese trial has led many writers to accept the effectiveness of HCC screening as proven, making it more difficult to conduct the high-quality randomized trials that are needed to ensure optimal patient care.
Symptomatic Hypokalemia Resulting From Surreptitious Diuretic Ingestion
Authors: John S. Rodman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We report five cases of symptomatic hypokalemia caused by surreptitious diuretic ingestion. A positive diagnosis was made in four patients by a colorimetric detection of the diuretic in urine by simple chemical means. Patients who surreptitiously ingest diuretics appear to be mainly women, among whom there appears to be high prevalence of diagnoses involving the reproductive system. Many of these patients have health-related occupations. They seem to be very concerned with appearing obese or edematous. A high urine potassium level in the presence of a low serum potassium level can suggest this diagnosis.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK BY TWO DIFFERENT SCORES: A FIVE YEARS FOLLOW UP ANALYSIS OF A 1500-PATIENT DATABASE
Authors: Ricardo G. Baeza, Victor Neira, Constanza Cea, Javier Revello Pedemonte, Luigi Gabrielli, Samuel Zvaighaft, Alvaro Huete, Monica Acevedo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
SOME NEW INSTRUMENTS IN OPERATIVE CYSTOSCOPY
Authors: BRANSFORD LEWIS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>PROSTATIC INCISOR</h3> The pathologic reality and the various serious consequences of the condition known as contracture of the vesical neck are now well established. Endeavors to overcome the obstructive effects of this condition have been made by numerous authors, among whom are the following: Bottini, by the galvanocautery blade introduced through the whole urethra; Chetwood, by the same method applied through a perineal incision; Young, by punching out a section of the constricting neck. And Bugee has used high-frequency fulguration with the ordinary insulated wire. Two years ago or longer the desirability of opening the constricted channel without the perineal urethrotomy of Chetwood, or the strong tendency to hemorrhage induced by the punch operation of Young, was impressed on me. It was thought that some mode of applying fulguration more effectively than could be done by the wire was the desideratum. An iridoplatinum blade suggested itself. With the assistance of
Muscular atrophy of caveolin-3–deficient mice is rescued by myostatin inhibition
Authors: Yutaka Ohsawa, Hiroki Hagiwara, Masashi Nakatani, Akihiro Yasue, Keiji Moriyama, Tatsufumi Murakami, Kunihiro Tsuchida, Sumihare Noji, Yoshihide Sunada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Caveolin-3, the muscle-specific isoform of caveolins, plays important roles in signal transduction. Dominant-negative mutations of the caveolin-3 gene cause autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1C (LGMD1C) with loss of caveolin-3. However, identification of the precise molecular mechanism leading to muscular atrophy in caveolin-3–deficient muscle has remained elusive. Myostatin, a member of the muscle-specific TGF-β superfamily, negatively regulates skeletal muscle volume. Here we report that caveolin-3 inhibited myostatin signaling by suppressing activation of its type I receptor; this was followed by hypophosphorylation of an intracellular effector, Mad homolog 2 (Smad2), and decreased downstream transcriptional activity. Loss of caveolin-3 in P104L mutant caveolin-3 transgenic mice caused muscular atrophy with increase in phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) as well as p21 (also known as Cdkn1a), a myostatin target gene. Introduction of the myostatin prodomain, an inhibitor of myostatin, by genetic crossing or intraperitoneal administration of the soluble type II myostatin receptor, another inhibitor, ameliorated muscular atrophy of the mutant caveolin-3 transgenic mice with suppression of p-Smad2 and p21 levels. These findings suggest that caveolin-3 normally suppresses the myostatin-mediated signal, thereby preventing muscular atrophy, and that hyperactivation of myostatin signaling participates in the pathogenesis of muscular atrophy in a mouse model of LGMD1C. Myostatin inhibition may be a promising therapy for LGMD1C patients.
To “Grow” or “Go”: TMEM16A Expression as a Switch between Tumor Growth and Metastasis in SCCHN
Authors: Daniel J. Shiwarski, Chunbo Shao, Anke Bill, Jean Kim, Dong Xiao, Carol A. Bertrand, Raja S. Seethala, Daisuke Sano, Jeffery N. Myers, Patrick Ha, Jennifer Grandis, L. Alex Gaither, Manojkumar A. Puthenveedu, Umamaheswar Duvvuri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with cancer. However, the mechanisms that underlie metastatic progression remain unclear. We examined TMEM16A (ANO1) expression as a key factor shifting tumors between growth and metastasis.We evaluated 26 pairs of primary and metastatic lymph node (LN) tissue from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) for differential expression of TMEM16A. In addition, we identified mechanisms by which TMEM16A expression influences tumor cell motility via proteomic screens of cell lines and in vivo mouse studies of metastasis.Compared with primary tumors, TMEM16A expression decreases in metastatic LNs of patients with SCCHN. Stable reduction of TMEM16A expression enhances cell motility and increases metastases while decreasing tumor proliferation in an orthotopic mouse model. Evaluation of human tumor tissues suggests an epigenetic mechanism for decreasing TMEM16A expression through promoter methylation that correlated with a transition between an epithelial and a mesenchymal phenotype. These effects of TMEM16A expression on tumor cell size and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) required the amino acid residue serine 970 (S970); however, mutation of S970 to alanine does not disrupt the proliferative advantages of TMEM16A overexpression. Furthermore, S970 mediates the association of TMEM16A with Radixin, an actin-scaffolding protein implicated in EMT.Together, our results identify TMEM16A, an eight transmembrane domain Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, as a primary driver of the "Grow" or "Go" model for cancer progression, in which TMEM16A expression acts to balance tumor proliferation and metastasis via its promoter methylation.
Validity of echocardiographic determination of left ventricular systolic wall thickening.
Authors: M P Feneley, J B Hickie
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Previous direct measurements of left ventricular systolic wall thickening (SWT) in animal studies have yielded values approximately one-half those found echocardiographically in humans, suggesting a possible overestimation of SWT by echocardiographic techniques. To test the validity of echocardiographic SWT measurements, the relationship between echocardiographically determined end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular short-axis myocardial cross-sectional areas (ED Myo CSA and ES Myo CSA, respectively) was assessed in 18 normal subjects. Since Myo CSA is a function of wall thickness and wall circumference, overestimation of SWT by echocardiography would be expected to produce an overestimation of ES Myo CSA relative to ED Myo CSA. SWT, as determined by both M mode (52%) and two-dimensional echocardiography (48%), was consistent with previously reported echocardiographic values, but exceeded that reported in animal studies. By least squares linear regression analysis, ES Myo CSA was 1.078 X ED Myo CSA - 0.385 cm2 (r = .947 SEE = 1.183 cm2) when assessed by one observer and was 1.042 X ED Myo CSA - 0.142 cm2 (r = .906, SEE = 1.831 cm2) when assessed independently by another. The close relationship observed between echocardiographically determined ES Myo CSA and ED Myo CSA was consistent with constant left ventricular myocardial mass throughout the cardiac cycle and thus did not suggest an overestimation of SWT by echocardiographic techniques.
Diuretics and digoxin in myocardial infarction.
Authors: R H Falk
Journal: BMJ (1977)

service 50 pence, and several of these are considerably cheaper than the capital outlay required for an insulin syringe pump.We have estimated plasma glucose concentration two-hourly on seven patients.We found that the range of results obtained was less than that of Drs T E T West and C Lowy (14 May, p 1252) and that the plasma glucose concentration at delivery, 5-6±0 3 mmol/l (101 +5-4 mg/100 ml), was lower than they reported.We also measured plasma potassium and found that this did not change.No patient became ketonuric.This demonstrates that it is possible to attain
Compound Depressed Fracture
Authors: Rebecca Foust
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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606 A genomic and proteomic study of obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Authors: K. Schlauch, L. O'Reilly, T. Born, K. Ziegler, J. Ong, H. Elariny, F. Gorreta, L. Del Giacco, A. Younoszai, G. Grant, V. Chandhoke, Z. Goodman, Z. Younossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Gallbladder Stone Shown on a Hepatobiliary Scan
Authors: PARTHA SINHA, ROBERT KRUMM, P. DAVID MOZLEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Hepatobiliary scans are performed frequently to identify gallbladder-related disease. Although gallbladder stones are a common cause of hepatobiliary disease, they are visualized directly only rarely on hepatobiliary scans. Large gallbladder stones produced a photopenic defect in the gallbladder in a hepatobiliary scan.