tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Weight and Sleep Apnea Status on Immunologic and Structural Features of the Uvula
Authors: Frédéric Sériès, Jamila Chakir, Dominick Boivin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

We investigated the influence of weight and obstructive sleep apnea status on inflammatory and histologic features of the uvula. Tissue samples resected during uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in 11 snorers without obstructive sleep apnea, 11 subjects with obstructive sleep apnea and of similar body mass index and age, and 8 additional obese subjects with obstructive sleep apnea were examined by immunohistochemistry and histologic staining techniques. The frequency and distribution of immune cells, the amount of collagen, and the integrity of the elastin fiber network were evaluated in proximal and distal uvular sections. T cell (CD4+, CD8+) and macrophage counts were higher in the more obese apneic subjects than in the other two groups. In all patients, T cell counts correlated with body mass index, but there was no relationship with the apnea-hypopnea index. A positive correlation was found between elastin fiber network disorganization score and apnea-hypopnea index. We conclude that (1) the amount of inflammatory markers is linked to obesity rather than to sleep-related breathing disorders, and (2) obstructive sleep apnea is associated with a structural alteration of the extracellular matrix of upper airway tissue.
Multiple applications for vocational training rotations: can we improve the system?
Authors: P Stott
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Questionnaires were sent to 392 doctors who had applied for 10 vocational training rotations in South West Thames Region nine months previously. These 392 doctors had made 607 such applications in south west Thames during this time. Replies were received from 260 (66%) of those circulated. These doctors together had made roughly 4000 job applications nationwide, or 15 each: two thirds had found a post that was satisfactory for vocational training within the nine months, three quarters of them on organised rotations. There was no difference between men and women regarding success in finding a job. Both married and single women were more specific than men about the area in which they wanted to train and had made fewer job applications. Of those who answered the questionnaires, roughly three quarters thought that the present system of applying for training posts was unsatisfactory, and suggestions for improvements are made. It is concluded that although a regional clearing house scheme would help administration in the regions, only a national scheme would substantially help the applicants. To avoid frustration doctors might be more selective and limit their applications without harming their chances of success.
A Controlled Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccine for Patients at High Risk of Serious Pneumococcal Infections
Authors: EUGENE D. SHAPIRO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

The protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine against systemic pneumococcal infections in adults with the current indications for the vaccine was evaluated in a case-control study. Six (7%) of the 90 cases and 16 (18%) of the matched controls had received pneumococcal vaccine for an odds ratio of 0.33 (p < 0.05). The vaccine's protective efficacy was 67%, which remained virtually unchanged after adjusting for potential confounding variables. The vaccine's efficacy was 77% for patients at moderately increased risk of pneumococcal infections, but 0% for patients who were severely immunocompromised. The vaccine's protective efficacy was 70% (p < 0.05) for all patients 55 years or older after controlling for indications for the vaccine in addition to age. Pneumococcal vaccine confers substantial protection against systemic pneumococcal infections on the elderly and patients with illnesses associated with a moderately increased risk of pneumococcal infections.
The HIV-Positive Transplant Donor — Change Born of Necessity
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger, Eric J. Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Given the use of adequate antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a chronic illness with a complex, although manageable, trajectory.1 With longer survival, however, has come increased susceptibility to other chronic problems. Additional ongoing challenges are particularly evident for patients who receive therapy for HIV infection late in the course of the illness, because some degree of organ damage may occur before HIV replication is controlled. Late therapy is often common in African nations such as South Africa, which has an enormous burden of HIV infection and where widespread access to treatment has come only recently. . . .
Absent in melanoma 2 triggers a heightened inflammasome response in ascitic fluid macrophages of patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Beatriz Lozano-Ruiz, Victoria Bachiller, Irma García-Martínez, Pedro Zapater, Isabel Gómez-Hurtado, Alba Moratalla, Paula Giménez, Pablo Bellot, Rubén Francés, José Such, José M. González-Navajas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
PEEP and CPAP
Authors: T E Oh
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Previous evidence suggests that berberine (BBR), a clinically relevant plant-derived alkaloid, alleviates symptoms of clinically apparent collagen induced arthritis (CIA), and may have a prophylactic role from <i>in vitro</i> studies. Thus, we used a CIA model to determine if BBR merits further exploration as a prophylactic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Mice were treated with either 1 mg/kg/day of BBR or a vehicle (PBS) control via IP injections from day 0 to day 28, were left untreated (CIA control), or were in a non-arthritic control group. Incidence of arthritis in BBR mice was 40%, compared to 90% in the CIA and 80% in the PBS controls. Populations of B cells and T cells from the spleens and draining lymph nodes were examined from mice across treatment groups on day 14 and from the remaining mice on day 28 when arthritic signs and symptoms were expected to be apparent. BBR-treated mice had significantly reduced populations of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, CXCR5<sup>+</sup> T<sub>fh</sub>cells, and an increased proportion of T<sub>reg</sub> at both day 14 and day 28 endpoints, as well as decreased CD28<sup>+</sup> and CD154<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells at day 14. BBR-treated mice also experienced a significant reduction of CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells in LNs at day 28. Additionally, BBR treatment resulted in significantly lower anti-collagen type II-specific (anti-CII) IgG2a and anti-CII total IgG serum concentrations. These results indicate a potential role for BBR as a prophylactic supplement, and that its effect may be mediated through T cell suppression, which indirectly affects B cell activity.
Strong allergenicity of Pru av 3, the lipid transfer protein from cherry, is related to high stability against thermal processing and digestion
Authors: Stephan Scheurer, Iris Lauer, Kay Foetisch, Mar San Miguel Moncin, Mechthild Retzek, Christina Hartz, Ernesto Enrique, Jonas Lidholm, Anna Cistero-Bahima, Stefan Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
COMPLETE DOUBLE URETHRA IN A FEMALE
Authors: Walter T. Dannreuther
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Urethral anomalies in the female are rare, and very few cases of double urethra have been recorded in medical literature. Urogenital malformations are usually congenital, and are the result of imperfect, incomplete or abnormal development, but the etiologic factors concerned in their production are uncertain. Heredity, malnutrition and syphilis are possible but doubtful causes. Mrs. K. H., aged 50, came under my observation recently. Her father and two brothers had died of tuberculosis, and her mother, of "liver abscess." The patient menstruated at 11, married at 16, and passed the menopause at 42. She lived a normal marital life, but never became pregnant. Continuous good health had been interrupted only by the ordinary diseases of childhood and the annoyances of constipation. The details of her previous history are irrelevant. The patient complained of increased diurnal frequency of urination, nocturia, and a burning sensation on voiding. These symptoms had been present
Cancer, the Race for Cure Accelerates
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Retrospective Performance Assessment of the Developmental Neurotoxicity Study in Support of OECD Test Guideline 426
Authors: Susan L. Makris, Kathleen Raffaele, Sandra Allen, Wayne J. Bowers, Ulla Hass, Enrico Alleva, Gemma Calamandrei, Larry Sheets, Patric Amcoff, Nathalie Delrue, Kevin M. Crofton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

We conducted a review of the history and performance of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing in support of the finalization and implementation of Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) DNT test guideline 426 (TG 426).
Carotid Endarterectomy — Specific Therapy Based on Pathophysiology
Authors: J. Philip Kistler, Ferdinando S. Buonanno, Daryl R. Gress
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Atherosclerotic narrowing at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery is by far the most common cause of large-vessel atherothrombotic stroke. Atherosclerotic plaque tends to form in the posterior part of the bifurcation, at the origin of the internal carotid artery, narrowing the lumen until it resembles an hourglass whose tapered segment is usually 1 to 2 mm long. A mural thrombus may form at, or near, the residual lumen,1 , 2 which is usually located eccentrically in the anterior medial portion of the proximal internal carotid artery. Occasionally, blood from the lumen penetrates into the plaque. This penetration may be the . . .
Identification of genetic differences in drug metabolism: Prediction of individual risk of toxicity or cancer Gough AC, Miles JS, Spurr NK, Moss JE, Gaedigk A, Eichelbaum M, Wolf CR. Identification of the primary gene defect at the cytochrome P450 CYP2D locus. Nature 1990;347:773–776. Heim M, Meyer UA. Genotyping of poor metabolisers of debrisoquine by allele-specific PCR amplification. Lancet 1990;336:529–532
Authors: D Nebert
Journal: Hepatology (1991)
Sit-In Terminology
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In sympathy with the current effort to change the face of everything, the major conglomerate corporations change their names as more and more companies are agglutinated to them. Thus, Insilco and CPC International will be joined soon by Union Tank Car under a new flag. Who would guess that "CPC" was inspired by corn syrup? Obviously medicine needs to disguise its blessings. For the postfractural hypostatic pneumonia, I suggest<i>Fraxpo</i>. For diabetes, arteriosclerotic lower extremities problems, and urinary infections, let us have<i>Glurosicco</i>. The fellow who is having his blood vessels embolized, deembolized, catheterized, pressurized, tied, replaced, or rebuilt suffers from<i>Vasculack</i>. Anyone who receives more than 15 units of blood per surgical session has been the victim of<i>Sangblast</i>. My enlightenment followed a recent episode: Jones(a patient): Morning, Doctor. Came in for my<i>Sixlobelt</i>. Liddle: I beg your pardon, Mr. Jones, did you say "sixlobelt?"
Gating of Sema3E/PlexinD1 Signaling by Neuropilin-1 Switches Axonal Repulsion to Attraction during Brain Development
Authors: Sophie Chauvet, Samia Cohen, Yutaka Yoshida, Lylia Fekrane, Jean Livet, Odile Gayet, Louis Segu, Marie-Christine Buhot, Thomas M. Jessell, Christopher E. Henderson, Fanny Mann
Journal: Neuron (2007)
Hemodynamic results of aortic valvular replacement with the porcine xenograft valve.
Authors: D C Morris, S B King, J S Douglas, C W Wickliffe, E L Jones
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Twenty-three patients were evaluated by cardiac catheterization two to 12 months following aortic valve replacement with the porcine xenograft valve. These hemodynamic studies established a mean peak-to-peak systolic gradient across the prosthesis of 23 mm Hg with a range of 6-58 mm Hg. The mean effective orifice area was calculated to be 1.25 cm2. The effective orifice area increased with increasing valve size from 0.99 cm2 for the 19 mm prosthesis to 1.44 cm2 for the 25 mm prosthesis. While in general the hemodynamics of the porcine xenograft valve are comparable to other available prostheses, the exceedingly small orifice areas (0.99 cm2 and 1.03 cm2) calculated for the 19 mm and 21 mm prostheses render their use inadvisable.
Diabetes Associated With a Novel 3264 Mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) mutation
Authors: Yoshihiko Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Yoshinori Hinokio, Masaki Chiba, Yoshihito Atsumi, Kazuhiro Hosokawa, Akira Shimada, Takayuki Asahina, Kempei Matsuoka
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To present a novel mitochondrial DNA mutation in a diabetic family RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The proband was a 64-year-old man. In the family, diabetes was maternally inherited. He had diabetes, cerebellar ataxia, cervical lipoma, hearing loss, olfactory dysfunction, ophthalmoplegia, and facial nerve bilateral palsy. On examination, early insulin secretion was blunted, and the M value on glucose clamp test was low. In muscle, ragged red fibers were not found. T-to-C mutation at position 3264 was detected in the proband (0.5% mutant DNAs in leukocyte and 30% in muscle), but was not detected in 201 normal individuals. RESULTS Heteroplasmy of mutation, maternal inheritance of diabetes, and symptoms related to mitochondrial dysfunction suggest the pathogenecity of this 3264 mutation. As for diabetes etiology, both impaired insulin secretion and decreased insulin sensitivity seem to be important. In phenotypic characteristics, the combination of cerebellar ataxia and lipoma is a symptom sometimes found in myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers (MERRFs). Ophthamoplegia is a symptom of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). These suggest that our proband had phenotypic overlap with MERRF and CPEO. Conversely, facial nerve bilateral palsy is a rare finding. The pictures that focused on his cranial nerves were thus unique, suggesting the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-related diabetes. CONCLUSIONS A novel 3264 mitochondrial DNA mutation in diabetes gives new insight to the etiology of mitochondrial diabetes. Its pathogenecity supports the belief that the tRNA(Leu)(UUR) gene is an etiological hot spot of mitochondrial diseases.
Ethical debate: Sex, drugs, and the invasion of privacy Respect for privacy and the case of Mr K Commentary: Hospital can never be home Commentary: Silence may be the best advocacy Commentary: Nurses should recognise patients' rights to autonomy Commentary: Patients should have privacy as long as they do not harm themselves or others
Authors: J. Savulescu, R. Marsden, T. Hope, M. Saunders, R. Carlyle, P. Gough, G. J Annas
Journal: BMJ (1998)

# Ethical debate: Sex, drugs, and the invasion of privacy {#article-title-2} Patients who are in hospital for long periods may want the same level of privacy they have in their own homes. A clinical team from John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford describes the case of a young man with multiple sclerosis who was suspected of taking cannabis while in hospital for respite care. An ethicist, nurse, doctor, and manager from the Multiple Sclerosis Society give their views on the issue. # Respect for privacy and the case of Mr K {#article-title-3} In Britain, the patient's charter specifies standards of rights and dignity for patients. Little guidance is given about what this means in practice, other than the desirability of providing separate washing and toilet facilities for men and women in hospital. Respect for privacy, however, goes far beyond this. Here we consider the case of Mr K (box). ### Mr K and the cannabis cake
PWE-164 A Meta-analysis Of Randomised Controlled Trials On The Effect Of Probiotics On Functional Constipation In Adults
Authors: E Dimidi, S Christodoulides, KC Fragkos, SM Scott, K Whelan
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder whose treatment remains challenging. Patient dissatisfaction with prescribed medications is common, and there is a need for alternative methods of management. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host, and have been increasingly used in the management of functional constipation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of probiotics in functional constipation through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults. <h3>Methods</h3> Methods followed PRISMA recommendations. Studies were identified by searching four electronic databases, back-searching reference lists, contacting authors and hand searching abstracts of eight annual conferences. RCTs reporting administration of probiotics in adults with functional constipation were included. Two reviewers independently performed the screening of articles, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Data were synthesised using weighted or standard mean differences for all relevant outcomes using a random effects model. Publication bias was assessed via funnel plots and the Egger’s test. <h3>Results</h3> 657 records were identified, of which 14 were eligible (1,347 patients). Probiotics significantly reduced whole gut transit time by 11.9 h (95% CI: -18.4 to -5.4; p = 0.0003). They also significantly reduced right and left colonic transit times by 5.7 h (95% CI: -9.9 to -1.6; p = 0.007) and 5.1 h (95% CI: -9.6 to -0.6; p = 0.03), respectively. Probiotics significantly increased stool frequency by 1.1 bowel movements per week (95% CI: 0.7 to 1.5; p &lt; 0.0001) with a number to treat (NNT) of 2, but there was significant heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>=79%; p &lt; 0.0001). Probiotics resulted in softer stool consistency (standardised mean difference, SMD = +0.5, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.8; p = 0.0001) with a NNT of 3. Bloating (SMD = -0.6, 95% CI: -1.2 to -0.01; p= 0.04) and flatulence (SMD = -0.4, 95% CI: -0.7 to -0.1; p = 0.01) were also significantly reduced. No serious adverse events were reported following probiotic administration, and compliance was over 95%. There was no statistically significant funnel plot asymmetry found (p = 0.271), suggesting no evidence of publication bias. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Probiotics significantly improve gut transit time, stool frequency and consistency, and constipation-related symptoms, and are associated with low risk of adverse events and high rates of compliance. Probiotics should thus be considered as an alternative treatment for functional constipation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> E. Dimidi Grant/research support from: Nestec Ltd, S. Christodoulides Grant/research support from: Nestec Ltd, K. Fragkos: None Declared, S. M. Scott: None Declared, K. Whelan: None Declared.
Points from Letters: Foreign Bodies in the Nose
Authors: J. A. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Ketoprofen, one of the many propionic acid derivatives flooding the market, is the subject of another substantial promotional programme only 12 months after the first. . ..Pharmaceutical companies, it seems, are playing into the hands of "Bennery" witlh such blatant "burning" of profits.. The public can hardly be expected to support the call for more money for the N.H.S. when it seems the medical profession is doing little to discourage such wasteful practices....
The Quality of Physicians' Health-Care Performance
Authors: Thomas F. Lyons
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Comparisons of the quality of physicians' performances against optimal criteria of care were made within 15 diagnostic categories for 808 patients over 64 years old and for 1,243 younger adult patients hospitalized in 22 short-term, community hospitals in Hawaii during 1968. There was no overall consistent evidence that hospitalized elderly patients were treated by their physicians with a different level of personal medical care than were younger adult patients.
Giardiasis
Authors: Richard R. Babb
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Of 70 patients with giardiasis, 58 (83%) had been traveling outside of the United States when symptoms began. Characteristic complaints consisted of nausea, weight loss, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea with nonbloody stools. No abnormalities in blood counts or in results of liver function tests or large-bowel studies were found. Two of three patients who underwent barium sulfate examinations of the small bowel showed abnormalities, and one who underwent a peroral small-bowel biopsy showed marked inflammation.<i>Giardia lamblia</i>can be pathogenic in man, and treatment with quinacrine hydrochloride is very effective.
Vascular Disorders of Childhood
Authors: D. E. Strandness
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Vascular disorders, regardless of the patient age group, are evaluated and treated by a variety of medical specialists. Even those who confine their activities entirely to the field of vascular diseases will rarely, if ever, see many of the entities covered in this book. For example, anomalies of the thoracic aorta are usually seen by the pediatric cardiologist and cardiovascular surgeon. Similarly, portal hypertension, because of its propensity to result in upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, is usually cared for by the pediatricians and general surgeons. Therefore, while it is a vascular disorder, its workup, treatment, and follow up are usually out of the hands of the vascular specialist.  This book presents no real surprises and little that is new. For that reason, it will not be of much value for the physician who deals with some of the specific problems on a fairly regular basis. Its greatest value is as
Communicative cultures in cetaceans: Big questions are unanswered, functional analyses are needed
Authors: Todd M. Freeberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Demonstrating cetacean communicative cultures requires documenting vocal differences among conspecific groups that are socially learned and stable across generations. Evidence to date does not provide strong scientific support for culture in cetacean vocal systems. Further, functional analyses with playbacks are needed to determine whether observed group differences in vocalizations are meaningful to the animals themselves.
901-60 Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia in 57 Patients: Acute Success and Long Term Follow-up
Authors: John M. Mandroia, Lawrence S. Klein, William M. Miles, David P. Rardon, Raul D. Mitrani, Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)