tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of clinical haematology: Haematological emergencies
Authors: R. Frewin, A. Henson, D. Provan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to test at which levels of the neuroaxis signals are elicited when different modalities of sensory information from the limbs ascend to cortex cerebri. We applied graded electric stimuli to the rat hindlimbs and used echo-planar imaging to monitor activity changes in the lumbar spinal cord and medulla oblongata, where primary afferents of painful and nonpainful sensation synapse, respectively. BOLD signals were detected in ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord gray matter using sufficiently strong stimuli. Using stimuli well below the threshold needed for signals to be elicited in the spinal cord, we found BOLD responses in dorsal medulla oblongata. The distribution of these signals is compatible with the neuroanatomy of the respective synaptic relay stations of the corresponding sensory pathways. Hence, the sensory pathways conducting painful and nonpainful information were successfully distinguished. The fMRI signals in the spinal cord were markedly decreased by morphine, and these effects were counteracted by naloxone. We conclude that fMRI can be used as a reliable and valid method to monitor neuronal activity in the rat spinal cord and medulla oblongata in response to sensory stimuli. Previously, we also documented BOLD signals from thalamus and cortex. Thus, BOLD responses can be elicited at all principal synaptic relay stations along the neuroaxis from lumbar spinal cord to sensory cortex. Rat spinal cord fMRI should become a useful tool in experimental spinal cord injury and pain research.
Advances in the Treatment of Vitreous Disease
Authors: Thomas R. Friberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

THE VITREOUS is altered pathologically in numerous ocular and systemic diseases. Hence, most physicians will encounter patients whose vision has been impaired by vitreous opacities or by the formation of membranes within the vitreous cavity. Only recently has the successful treatment of vitreous pathology become commonplace, primarily because of the development of specialized microsurgical techniques. To appreciate the importance of vitreous surgery in reducing the prevalence of blindness, a basic understanding of the disease processes affecting the vitreous is necessary. <h3>VITREOUS DISORDERS</h3> The human vitreous is normally an optically clear gel consisting of 99% water and containing collagen and hyaluronic acid.<sup>1</sup>The vitreous collagen is firmly attached to the internal limiting membrane of the retina anteriorly near the pars plana; weaker vitreoretinal attachments occur at the macula and at the optic disc. <h3>Vitreous Collapse</h3> With increasing age, the vitreous gel often collapses and separates from the posterior retinal surface.
Analysis by Early Angiography of Right Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting Via the Transverse Sinus
Authors: Masashi Ura, Ryuzo Sakata, Yoshihiro Nakayama, Yoshio Arai, Shuichi Oshima, Katsuo Noda
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —There has been debate regarding whether technically demanding right internal thoracic artery (RITA) grafting via the transverse sinus can be extensively applied to patients in high-risk groups, such as patients with a small body size, elderly patients, and woman with relatively smaller coronary artery and internal thoracic artery (ITA) diameters. Methods and Results —Of the 1456 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between January 1989 and December 1998 at Kumamoto Central Hospital, 393 patients (mean age, 62.4±9.0 years) with the RITA anastomosed to the major branches of the circumflex artery were studied. Left ITA grafting was performed in 384 patients, and in 369, the in situ left ITA was anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery using standard methods. Early postoperative angiography was performed in 381 patients. The RITA was occluded in 4 patients, and string-like artery and significant stenosis were present in 11 and 7 patients, respectively; RITA graft patency was thus 94.1%. Of the preoperative variables and angiographic data, simple and multiple logistic regression analyses identified decreased severity of native stenosis, diffuse sclerosis of native vessels, and residual side branches of the ITA as independent predictors of nonfunctional grafts. The method of ITA grafting did not influence the patency of the graft. Conclusions —The excellent patency rate demonstrated by this study, the largest angiographic study to date of RITA grafting via the transverse sinus, indicates that this technique can provide reliable revascularization of the left ventricle and that it has the potential to be applied to a wide variety of patients with diseased circumflex arteries.
Alan Ernest Gerald Pearson
Authors: D. Pearson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Alan Ernest Gerald Pearson’s early childhood was spent in Mont Estoril, Portugal, where his father had established a cork business. At the age of 8 he was sent to England to board at the Grange preparatory school in Crowborough. This was followed by Tonbridge School, his education being interrupted by the outbreak of war. He was evacuated to Belleville in Canada during part of the war, returning to start at Cambridge, Trinity Hall, to read engineering in October 1944. Towards the end of the year he joined the Royal Air Force for …
Screening for Alcoholism
Authors: David H. Barnhouse
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Drs Cyr and Wartman<sup>1</sup>reminded me of my own experience. Several years ago I was impressed by the fact that when I asked patients how much they drank I never got an accurate response. Although they were apparently honest in disclosing the amount of tobacco they smoked, I would never learn how much alcohol they drank. I also knew that this method of obtaining history had to be inaccurate because I never discovered any alcoholics during interviews. I contacted Sharon Eakes at the Gateway Rehabilitation Center in Pittsburgh and asked her what I was doing wrong. She told me that my questions were too threatening and she suggested that the first question I ask should be, "Has anybody in your family had any trouble with alcohol?" The next question should be, "Have you ever had any trouble with alcohol?" With the use of
The Treatment-Naive Microbiome in New-Onset Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Dirk Gevers, Subra Kugathasan, Lee A. Denson, Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza, Will Van Treuren, Boyu Ren, Emma Schwager, Dan Knights, Se Jin Song, Moran Yassour, Xochitl C. Morgan, Aleksandar D. Kostic, Chengwei Luo, Antonio González, Daniel McDonald, Yael Haberman, Thomas Walters, Susan Baker, Joel Rosh, Michael Stephens, Melvin Heyman, James Markowitz, Robert Baldassano, Anne Griffiths, Francisco Sylvester, David Mack, Sandra Kim, Wallace Crandall, Jeffrey Hyams, Curtis Huttenhower, Rob Knight, Ramnik J. Xavier
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Medicare Covers Lung Cancer Screening for Certain Beneficiaries
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multifunctional hollow nanoparticles based on graft-diblock copolymers for doxorubicin delivery
Authors: Pei-Lin Lu, Yi-Chun Chen, Ta-Wei Ou, Hung-Hao Chen, Hsieh-Chih Tsai, Chih-Jen Wen, Chun-Liang Lo, Shiaw-Pyng Wey, Kun-Ju Lin, Tzu-Chen Yen, Ging-Ho Hsiue
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Revenue Allocation in the Reorganized Health Service
Authors: H. M. Buckland
Journal: BMJ (1975)

autonomy, heads of departments may be able, for example, to finance replacement equipment from money saved during periods when there are unfilled posts in a department.It might also make more sense to use cheaper analytical methods and reagents.Such. a policy might enable a measure of Mr. Crossman's redeployment of money to take place without crippling the existing service.However, only departmental man- agers can make their services more efficient.It cannot be properly or safely done by remote administrators making arbitrary and swingeing cuts based on ill-conceived ideas or inadequate information.If financial stringency is to be the com- pulsory order of the day it should be applied impartially throughout the N.H.S.Let us renmember that few ordinary doctors have ever been convinced of the need for the new enlarged administration required to run the Health Service reorganization.In some areas of activity the region now wields more power than it did before 1 April 1974, and the area is left like a castrato tenor warbling in- effectually between the baritone soloist at the district and the bass obligato at the region.The new management system has yet to prove both its own effectiveness and cost- benefit to the community.Perhaps some of these less than essential gentlemen should recll Cromwell's famous assessment of the Rump
Risk Factors for Heatstroke
Authors: Edwin M. Kilbourne
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To identify risk factors associated with heatstroke, a case-control study in St Louis and Kansas City, Mo, was conducted during July and August 1980. Questionnaire data were gathered for 156 persons with heatstroke (severe heat illness with documented hyperthermia) and 462 control subjects matched by age, sex, and neighborhood of residence. A stepwise linear logistic regression procedure was used to identify factors significantly associated with heatstroke. Alcoholism, living on the higher floors of multistory buildings, and using major tranquilizers (phenothiazines, butyrophenones, or thioxanthenes) were factors associated with increased risk. Factors associated with decreased risk were using home air conditioning, spending more time in air-conditioned places, and living in a residence well shaded by trees and shrubs. Being able to care for oneself, characteristically undertaking vigorous physical activity, but reducing such activity during the heat, and taking extra liquid were also associated with decreased risk. Our findings also suggest effective preventive measures. During a heat wave, the greatest attention should be directed toward high-risk groups, and relief efforts should include measures shown to be associated with reduced risk.
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association expert consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease
Authors: Robert A O’Rourke, Bruce H Brundage, Victor F Froelicher, Philip Greenland, Scott M Grundy, Rory Hachamovitch, Gerald M Pohost, Leslee J Shaw, William S Weintraub, William L Winters, James S Forrester, Pamela S Douglas, David P Faxon, John D Fisher, Gabriel Gregoratos, Judith S Hochman, Adolph M Hutter, Sanjiv Kaul, Robert A O’Rourke, William S Weintraub, William L Winters, Michael J Wolk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Incomes: vive la difference
Authors: R. J Osborne
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Incomes: vive la difference SIR,-Mr Rudolf Klein (10 July, p 126) is right.There can never be a fixed rule that previous differentials between the medical professions and other workers should always be rightly maintained-of course times change.However, to round it off he should also have said that there is no rule that the medical profession's training and expertise, sense of responsibility, and willingness to do unpaid overtime should continue without a change.These two aspects, differentials and pro- fessional standards,
Effects of phenylbutazone on the metabolism of C14-cortisol.
Authors: W W Downie, G Reid, M C Browning
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

Heberden Society 89 two.Skull traction was applied for a few days to 10 weeks before operation.Neurological disturbances disappeared before operation in most cases.Owing to poor general health two patients were not operated upon.A stabilizing operation was performed in fourteen cases and a wire bone graft spondylodesis was performed using the posterior approach.Postoperatively skull traction was continued for 2 to 5 months (average 20).The results are tabulated below. OperationNeurological symptoms Follow-up Neurological directly after operation period(yrs) complaints at follow-up
Collagenous Gastroduodenitis on Collagenous Colitis
Authors: M. Stolte, M. Ritter, F. Borchard, G. Koch-Scherrer
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

We report on a case of collagenous gastroduodenitis with concomitant collagenous colitis in a 75-year-old woman with watery diarrhea of approximately six months' standing. The step biopsy material obtained from the colon revealed continuous collagenous colitis with thickening of the basal membrane to 30 microns. The biopsies taken from the stomach and duodenum also revealed a band-like deposition of collagen in the duodenum (bulb and proximal portion of the descending portion) along the basal membrane of the lining epithelium, associated with partial atrophy of the villi. In the stomach, this band of collagen was located, parallel to the mucosal surface, at the level of the floor of the foveolae.
Book Review When Puberty is Precocious: Scientific and Clinical Aspects (Contemporary Endocrinology.) Edited by Ora H. Pescovitz and Emily C. Walvoord. 468 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2007. $139. 978-1-58829-742-6
Authors: Karen O. Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Surviving Sudden Death: Whatever Happened to Webster?
Authors: Bertrand M. Bell, Robert Murden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 January 1992Surviving Sudden Death: Whatever Happened to Webster?Bertrand M. Bell, MD, Robert Murden, MDBertrand M. Bell, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Robert Murden, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-2-172_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In "My Fair Lady," Professor Higgins bemoans the improper use of the English language by many people and concludes by observing that "in America they haven't used it for years." He must have been anticipating the article titled "When Should Patients with Lethal Ventricular Arrhythmia Resume Driving?" (1).According to Webster'sSeventh New Collegiate Dictionary, lethal is defined as "of relating to or causing death." Clearly, no one with a lethal arrhythmia can subsequently drive. This otherwise excellent article also discusses surviving "out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death," an oxymoron that unfortunately appears prominently in the cardiology literature (3,...Reference1. Strickberger S, Cantillon C, and Friedman P. When should patients with lethal ventricular arrhythmia resume driving? Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:560-3. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bertrand M. Bell, MD; Robert Murden, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySurviving Sudden Death: Whatever Happened to Webster? 15 January 1992Volume 116, Issue 2 Page: 172-172 Keywords Arrhythmia Sudden cardiac death ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 January 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tuberculosis vaccine trial shows disappointing results
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A clinical trial of one of the first tuberculosis vaccines to be developed in nearly 100 years has shown disappointing results in protecting children against the disease.

A paper published by the Lancet showed that the modified vaccinia Ankara virus expressing antigen 85A (MVA85A), the most advanced of 12 candidate vaccines currently in clinical trials, showed an efficacy rate of less than 20%.1

Hopes for the vaccine had been high, as previous small trials had shown that the vaccine generated a good immune response in adults.2

The only available vaccine against tuberculosis, BCG, first used in 1921, has highly variable results. It protects against …
Sulphasalazine rectal enemas: topical method of inducing remission of active ulcerative colitis affecting rectum and descending colon.
Authors: H Serebro, S Kay, S Javett, C Abrahams
Journal: BMJ (1977)

during pregnancy, and histological changes in the decidua and fetal organs resemble those present after naturally acquired maternal disease.3Until more information has been collected, pregnancy must remain a contraindication to rubella vaccination.Nevertheless, inadvertent vaccination during pregnancy will undoubtedly still occur, and unfortunately many who have not been screened for rubella antibodies will be advised to have their pregnancies terminated.We think that this fetal wastage could be considerably reduced, since our results show that if patients not screened for rubella antibodies before vaccination have virological assessment within eight weeks of receiving RA 27/3 vaccine, it is possible to determine whether their antibody results from recent vaccination or from past infection.Results after vaccination with Cendehill vaccine are somewhat less reliable, however, unless the vaccine has induced a reasonably high HAI antibody response (for example, > 1/32 in our study).
The glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine synergistically enhanced melphalan activity against preclinical models of multiple myeloma
Authors: A Tagde, H Singh, M H Kang, C P Reynolds
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Melphalan (L-PAM) has been an integral part of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment as a conditioning regimen before stem cell transplant (SCT). After initial response, most treated patients experience relapse with an aggressive phenotype. Increased glutathione (GSH) in MM may mediate resistance to L-PAM. We demonstrated that the GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) synergistically enhanced L-PAM activity (inducing 2-4 logs of cell kill) against nine MM cell lines (also in the presence of marrow stroma or cytokines) and in seven primary MM samples (combination indices <1.0). In MM cell lines, BSO significantly (P<0.05) depleted GSH, increased L-PAM-induced single-strand DNA breaks, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase cleavage and apoptosis. L-PAM depleted GSH, but GSH rapidly recovered in a L-PAM-resistant MM cell line unless also treated with BSO. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine antagonized BSO+L-PAM cytotoxicity without increasing GSH. In human MM xenografted into beige-nude-xid mice, BSO significantly depleted MM intracellular GSH and significantly increased apoptosis compared with L-PAM alone. BSO+L-PAM achieved complete responses (CRs) in three MM xenograft models including maintained CRs >100 days, and significantly increased the median event-free survival relative to L-PAM alone. Combining BSO with L-PAM warrants clinical testing in advanced MM.
Electron-beam treatment of scleromyxoedema
Authors: N.J. LOWE, P.A. DUFTON, R.D. HUNTER, C.F.H. VICKERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

A 42-year-old man is described with progressive scleromyxoedema. Clinical features included the development of transient central nervous system symptoms and a 5-year delay before the appearance of an IgG lambda-chain paraprotetnaemia. Electron beam therapy resulted in significant improvement which lasted for 18 months.
Comparison of the effects of alclofenac, flurbiprofen, and prednisolone on acute inflammatory response in the rat.
Authors: J Woodland, B Vernon-Roberts, K V Swettenham, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

The fluid and cellular phases of the inflammatory response were measured using a technique employing subcutaneous implantation of polyurethane foam cubes impregnated with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fluribiprofen and prednisolone were equipotent and were capable of almost completely suppressing fluid and cellular responses, while alclofenac was less potent at nontoxic dose levels. Study of the patterns of cellular exudation by image analysing computer showed that alcofenac appears unique in that it produces a well-defined cell-free zone between the edge of the implanted cubes and a band of neutrophil polymorphs within the cubes.
Who Me — A Sexist?
Authors: Martin J. Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The contemporaries of Oliver Wendell Holmes and later of Semmelweiss scoffed at their discoveries of the transmission of puerperal fever and must have been furious at the implications.* They knew well what caused the fever; they had learned it from their teachers, and it had been recorded in the textbooks and in the literature. Beyond this it was scandalous that Holmes and Semmelweiss should attack these truths and suggest that others were biased, that their clinical judgment was affected, or that they had vested interests in perpetuating beliefs then held. But the suggestion that doctors contributed to the problem with . . .
Indian government warns Indian Medical Association against product endorsements
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two doctors in India who had steered the Indian Medical Association into agreements to endorse Quaker oats, Tropicana juice, and a brand of mosquito repellent skin lotion should be delicensed for six months, a government ethics committee has ruled.

The Medical Council of India’s ethics committee has said that a former president and former secretary general of the association who had authorised the endorsement agreement should be deprived of their licences to practise medicine for six months. The ruling, announced by India’s minister of health and family welfare, Ghulam Nabi Azad, in parliament on Friday, caps a two year campaign by an Indian ophthalmologist who had complained to the council about the association’s endorsements.

Under the endorsement agreement reached in October 2007 the association was to receive about $115 000 (£72 000; €84 000) a year …
Essential Palatal Myoclonus
Authors: James Scozzafava, Jerome Yager
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Essential Palatal Myoclonus This 18-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of progressively worsening involuntary movement of the uvula and soft palate. The movement was repetitive and rhythmic. It affected the patient’s swallowing and speech and often kept her awake. (See video.) Scozzafava J., Yager J. N Engl J Med 2010;362:e64, May 27, 2010