tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or not: antibiotic prophylaxis for all patients on immunosuppressants
Authors: Manuel L Ribeiro Neto, Jeffrey J Swigris, Daniel A Culver
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Shulgina et al 1 reported the effects of co-trimoxazole on outcomes in fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). We have some concerns about their conclusions and the emphasis of their findings.

With nearly half (43%) of subjects taking ≥10 mg of prednisolone daily, a dose that increases infection risk,2 and over 30% taking a steroid-sparing agent, a valid alternate explanation for their results is that the beneficial effects of co-trimoxazole were due to prevention of adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs. The occurrence of fewer pneumonias …
Podocyte Bridges between the Tuft and Bowman's Capsule
Authors: MICHEL LE HIR, CORNELIA KELLER, VALÉRIE ESCHMANN, BRUNHILDE HÄHNEL, HILTRAUDE HOSSER, WILHELM KRIZ
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Although experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis starts with an endocapillary inflammation, the crescents themselves seem to originate from the proliferation of parietal epithelial cells (PEC). In this study, an attempt was made to disclose a link between the two processes by a morphologic analysis of early stages of the disease. Mice were immunized with rabbit IgG in complete Freund's adjuvant on day -6. At day 0, they received an intravenous injection of a rabbit antiglomerular basement membrane serum. On days 3, 6, and 10, the kidneys were fixed by vascular perfusion for examination by light and electron microscopy. On day 3, morphologic alterations affected mainly the endocapillary compartment; most podocytes appeared to be intact. On day 6, alterations of podocytes were widespread, including foot process effacement and prominent microvillous transformation, and some crescents were found. On day 10, crescents were found in 40% of glomeruli. The most surprising finding was podocytes that adhered to both the glomerular basement membrane and the parietal basement membrane, thus forming bridges between the tuft and Bowman's capsule. Those podocyte bridges were sparse on day 3 but were regularly encountered on days 6 and 10 in glomeruli without crescents and also as a component of crescents. They were interposed between PEC and later between the cells of a crescent without formation of junctional connection with these cells. It is proposed that the spreading of podocytes on the parietal basement membrane represents a lesion of the parietal epithelium and that this process initiates the proliferation of PEC to form a crescent.
Treatment of oesophageal small cell carcinoma by combined chemotherapy and surgical resection: report of two cases and review of published cases.
Authors: S J Walker, A Steel, M H Cullen, H R Matthews
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Two patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus were treated by multidrug chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. A partial response to chemotherapy was observed in both patients.
Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ning Sun, Masayuki Yazawa, Jianwei Liu, Leng Han, Veronica Sanchez-Freire, Oscar J. Abilez, Enrique G. Navarrete, Shijun Hu, Li Wang, Andrew Lee, Aleksandra Pavlovic, Shin Lin, Rui Chen, Roger J. Hajjar, Michael P. Snyder, Ricardo E. Dolmetsch, Manish J. Butte, Euan A. Ashley, Michael T. Longaker, Robert C. Robbins, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with familial dilated cardiomyopathy model cardiovascular disease in these patients.
Interval versus continuous training in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- a systematic review
Authors: M. K. Beauchamp, M. Nonoyama, R. S. Goldstein, K. Hill, T. E. Dolmage, S. Mathur, D. Brooks
Journal: Thorax (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interval exercise has gained recent attention as a possible means of achieving greater physiological training effects compared with continuous exercise. The primary aim of this systematic review was to compare the effects of interval versus continuous training on peak oxygen uptake, peak power, 6 minute walk test (6MWT) distance and health-related quality of life in individuals with COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> Randomised controlled trials comparing the effects of interval versus continuous training in patients with COPD were identified after searches of six databases and reference lists of appropriate studies in May 2009. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality. Weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% CIs were calculated using a random effects model for measures of exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. <h3>Results:</h3> Eight randomised controlled trials, with a total of 388 patients with COPD, met the inclusion criteria. No significant differences were found for peak power (WMD 1 W, 95% CI −1 to 3) or peak oxygen uptake (WMD −0.04 l/min, 95% CI −0.13 to 0.05) between interval and continuous training. The WMD for the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire dyspnoea score was −0.2 units (95% CI −0.5 to 0.0). There was no difference in 6MWT distance between groups (WMD 4 m, 95% CI −15 to 23). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Interval and continuous training modalities did not differ in their effect on measures of exercise capacity or health-related quality of life. Interval training may be considered as an alternative to continuous training in patients with varying degrees of COPD severity.
Increased risk of severe vaso‐occlusive episodes after initial acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell anemia less than 4 years old: Sleep and asthma cohort
Authors: Leah D. Vance, Mark Rodeghier, Robyn T. Cohen, Carol L. Rosen, Fenella J. Kirkham, Robert C. Strunk, Michael R. DeBaun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Previous studies have shown that the highest incidence of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in sickle cell disease occurs in children <4 years old, and a history of ACS at this age is a risk factor for future ACS episodes. However, the interval associated with the highest risk of subsequent ACS or severe pain is not known. Through this mixed retrospective-prospective observational study, the Sleep and Asthma Cohort, we sought to determine the interval after an initial ACS episode during which the majority of children <4 years old are rehospitalized for ACS or severe pain. The cumulative prevalence of rehospitalization for ACS or severe pain within 6 months, 1 years, and 2 years was calculated for children with an initial ACS episode <4 years old and compared to children with an initial ACS episode ≥4 years old. A total of 44.8% and 55.2% of participants had an initial ACS episode <4 years and ≥4 years old (Range: 4-17.7 years), respectively. At 1 year following the initial ACS episode, children <4 years old had a significantly higher cumulative prevalence of rehospitalizations for ACS or pain as compared to children ≥4 years of age, 62.5 and 39.1%, respectively (P = 0.009). After initial ACS episodes, the majority of children <4 years old will be rehospitalized for ACS or severe pain within one year, suggesting the need for a therapeutic intervention for this high-risk group.
Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on the Need for Antihyperglycemic Drug Therapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Katherine Esposito, Maria Ida Maiorino, Miryam Ciotola, Carmen Di Palo, Paola Scognamiglio, Maurizio Gicchino, Michela Petrizzo, Franco Saccomanno, Flora Beneduce, Antonio Ceriello, Dario Giugliano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Low-carbohydrate and low-fat calorie-restricted diets are recommended for weight loss in overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes.To compare the effects of a low-carbohydrate Mediterranean-style or a low-fat diet on the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Single-center, randomized trial. Randomization was computer-generated and unstratified. Allocation was concealed in sealed study folders held in a central, secure location until participants gave informed consent. Participants and investigators were aware of treatment assignment, and assessors of the primary outcome were blinded.Teaching hospital in Naples, Italy.215 overweight people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes who were never treated with antihyperglycemic drugs and had hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) levels less than 11%.Mediterranean-style diet (<50% of daily calories from carbohydrates) (n = 108) or a low-fat diet (<30% of daily calories from fat) (n = 107).Start of antihyperglycemic drug therapy, defined by protocol as indicated for follow-up HbA(1c) level greater than 7% (primary outcome), and changes in weight, glycemic control, and coronary risk factors (secondary outcomes).After 4 years, 44% of patients in the Mediterranean-style diet group and 70% in the low-fat diet group required treatment (absolute difference, -26.0 percentage points [95% CI, -31.1 to -20.1 percentage points]; hazard ratio, 0.63 [CI, 0.51 to 0.86]; hazard ratio adjusted for weight change, 0.70 [CI, 0.59 to 0.90]; P < 0.001). Participants assigned to the Mediterranean-style diet lost more weight and experienced greater improvements in some glycemic control and coronary risk measures than did those assigned to the low-fat diet.Investigators responsible for initiating drug therapy were not blinded to treatment assignment. Dietary intake was self-reported.Compared with a low-fat diet, a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean-style diet led to more favorable changes in glycemic control and coronary risk factors and delayed the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Second University of Naples.
Examining the Cost-Effectiveness of Radiation Therapy Among Older Women With Favorable-Risk Breast Cancer
Authors: Sounok Sen, Shi-Yi Wang, Pamela R. Soulos, Kevin D. Frick, Jessica B. Long, Kenneth B. Roberts, James B. Yu, Suzanne B. Evans, Anees B. Chagpar, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundLittle is known about the cost-effectiveness of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or newer radiation therapy (RT) modalities such as intensity modulated radiation (IMRT) or brachytherapy among older women with favorable-risk breast cancer. MethodsUsing a Markov model, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of no RT, EBRT, and IMRT over 10 years.We estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of IMRT compared with EBRT under different scenarios to determine the necessary improvement in effectiveness for newer modalities to be cost-effective.We estimated model inputs using women in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database fulfilling the Cancer and Leukemia Group B C9343 trial criteria. ResultsThe incremental cost of EBRT compared with no RT was $9500 with an ICER of $44 600 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.The ICERs increased with age, ranging from $38 300 (age 70-74 years) to $55 800 (age 80 to 94 years) per QALY.The ICERs increased to more than $63 800 per QALY for women aged 70 to 74 years with an expected 10-year survival of 25%.Reduction in local recurrence by IMRT compared with EBRT did not have a substantial impact on the ICER of IMRT.IMRT would have to increase the utility of baseline state by 20% to be cost-effective (<$100 000 per QALY). ConclusionsEBRT is cost-effective for older women with favorable risk breast cancer, but substantially less cost-effective for women with shorter expected survival.Newer RT modalities would have to be substantially more effective than existing therapies in improving quality of life to be cost-effective.
Phase II Study of Amrubicin in Patients with Refractory or Resistant Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG0901)
Authors: H. Daga, H. Murakami, N. Yamamoto, T. Shibata, M. Endo, H. Watanabe, Y. Ichinose, Y. Ohe, T. Tamura, Y. Kim, K. Kim, I. Oh, H. Ban, K. Na, S. Ahn, H. Kang, W. Kim, C. Park, S. Yang, E. Almagro-Casado, D. Pérez-Callejo, A. López-González, P. Ibeas, A. Ruiz-Valdepeñas, M. Palka, C. Maximiano, M. Méndez García, S. Mellor, M. Provencio Pulla, M. Reck, R. Hassan, T. Jahan, H.L. Kindler, L. Bazhenova, P. Fatato, J.W. Heyburn, J. Parno, J.D. Maltzman, B. Wallin, J. Kocsis, L. Graf, A. Szilagyi, B. Dome, L. Tamasi, G. Galffy, Z. Orosz, Z. Prohaszka, G. Fust, Z. Bartfai, G. Stathopoulos, D. Traphalis, J. Dimitroulis, C. Kosmas, J. Stathopoulos, D. Tsavdaridis, D. Simos, G. Sajjady, M. Sergi, M.S. Liew, R. Califano, C. Ho, N.B. Leighl, S. White, Y. Summers, P. Wheatley-Price, N.J. Coleman, J. Clince, W.M. Grogan, O.S. Breathnach, E. Almagro Casado, D. Pérez Callejo, B.G. Doger de Speville, B. Cantos, G. Diaz, M. Fiegl, A. Pircher, W. Sterlacci, H. Jamnig, T. Schmid, M. Nevinny, G. Pall, W. Oberaigner, G. Zangerl, W. Hilbe, M. Faehling, S. Kuom, M. Leschke, R. Eckert, H. Lu, W. Mao, Q. Cheng, J. Cai, X. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Lou, J. Qin, L. Lei, H. Yang, K.A. Gately, E. Jennions, P. Godwin, M. Barr, S. Heavey, K. Umezawa, J. Edwards, S.G. Gray, K.J. O'Byrne, D. Easty, A. Baird, A. Soltermann, D. Nonaka, D. Fennell, L. Mutti, H.I. Pass, I. Opitz, S. Cedres, D. Torrejon Castro, N. Stjepanovic, P. Martinez, A. Martinez, M. Salcedo, M.A. Montero, E. Felip, J. Raphael, A. Hollebecque, G. Le Teuff, C. Massard, R. Bahleda, J. Margery, B. Besse, J. Soria, D. Planchard, M.A. Damiano, A.K. Patané, M. Chacon, R. Chacon, V. Vilchez, A. Rosales, A. Falco, C. Poleri, M. Rosenberg, C. Martin, G. Genestreti, M.A. Burgio, L. Ampollini, S. Sanna, M. Monti, A. Santo, M. Mezzetti, G. Gavelli, A. Verlicchi, R. Buosi, Y. Okuma, Y. Hosomi, Y. Nakahara, M. Yomoda, Y. Takagi, M. Iguchi, M. Shibuya, T. Okamura, H. Asahina, S. Oizumi, Y. Fujita, K. Takamura, T. Kojima, T. Harada, Y. Kawai, H. Dosaka-Akita, H. Isobe, M. Nishimura, K. Das, S. Imtiaz, S. Kumar, I.A. Muazzam, N. Siddiqui, S.A. Kazmi, N. Muzzafar, T. Korkmaz, S. Seber, E. Sari, M. Canhoroz, B. Oven Ustaalioglu, U. Kefeli, O. Balvan, M. Gumus, N. Yasar, S.N. Turhal, M. Wollner, E. Flechter, O. Vaisman, O. Ben Itzhak, D.A. Fennell, A. Casbard, L. Nixon, J. Lester, G. Griffiths, D.R. Spigel, J. Bendell, A.C. Mita, A. Argiris, C. Kurkjian, C.L. Hann, Z. Segota, R. Guild, R. Mastico, M.E. Guiterrez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Telephone-Based Peer-Support Program for Women Carrying a<i>BRCA1</i>or<i>BRCA2</i>Mutation: Impact on Psychological Distress
Authors: Victoria M. White, Mary-Anne Young, Ashley Farrelly, Bettina Meiser, Michael Jefford, Elizabeth Williamson, Sandra Ieropoli, Jessica Duffy, Ingrid Winship
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To assess the effectiveness of a telephone-based peer-delivered intervention in reducing distress among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. The intervention involved trained peer volunteers contacting women multiple times over a 4-month period to provide informational, emotional, and practical support.Three hundred thirty-seven participants completed the baseline questionnaire, and those reporting interest in talking to other mutation carriers were randomly assigned to either the usual care group (UCG; n = 102) or the intervention group (IG; n = 105). Participants and researchers were not blinded to group allocation. Two follow-up questionnaires were completed, one at the end of the intervention (4 months after random assignment, time 2) and one 2 months later (time 3). Outcomes included breast cancer distress (primary outcome), unmet information needs, cognitive appraisals about mutation testing, and feelings of isolation.There was a greater decrease in breast cancer distress scores in the IG than UCG at time 2 (mean difference, -5.96; 95% CI, -9.80 to -2.12; P = .002) and time 3 (mean difference, -3.94; 95% CI, -7.70 to -0.17; P = .04). There was a greater reduction in unmet information needs in the IG than UCG (P < .01), with unmet needs being lower in the IG than UCG at time 2. There was a greater reduction in Cognitive Appraisals About Genetic Testing stress subscale scores in the IG than UCG (P = .02), with significantly lower scores among the IG than UCG at time 2 (P < .01).The intervention is effective in reducing distress and unmet information needs for this group of women. Identifying strategies for prolonging intervention effects is warranted.
Vasopressin-mediated forearm vasodilation in normal humans. Evidence for a vascular vasopressin V2 receptor.
Authors: A T Hirsch, V J Dzau, J A Majzoub, M A Creager
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a potent vasopressor and antidiuretic neurohormone. However, when administered intravenously to humans, AVP causes forearm vasodilation. This effect has been attributed to sympathetic withdrawal, secondary to AVP-induced sensitization of baroreceptors. The possibility that AVP also causes forearm vasodilation directly has not been examined. Accordingly, the direct effect of AVP was determined by studying the forearm blood flow (FBF) response to intraarterial (IA) AVP infusion (0.01-1.0 ng/kg per min). Infusion of IA AVP increased FBF (96%) in the infused arm, but not the control arm, in a dose-dependent manner. The role of specific AVP V1 receptors in mediating this FBF response was determined before and after pretreatment with a V1 antagonist (AVP-A). AVP-A alone had no effect on FBF, but coadministration of AVP and AVP-A potentiated the vasodilatory response (223%). IA infusion of the V2 agonist, 1-desamino[8-D-arginine] vasopressin, caused a dose-dependent increase in FBF. These findings suggest that AVP causes direct, dose-dependent vasodilation in the human forearm that may be mediated by V2 vasopressinergic receptors. In contrast, AVP infusion caused digital vasoconstriction that was blocked by AVP-A, whereas dDAVP did not affect digital blood flow. Thus, AVP induces regionally selective vascular effects, with concurrent forearm vasodilation and digital vasoconstriction.
Diaphragm weakness in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
Authors: C M Laroche, N Carroll, J Moxham, N N Stanley, R J Evans, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Two patients are described with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and chronic peripheral neuropathy. Both had dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and evidence of severe diaphragm weakness. Expiratory muscle function was well preserved and abnormalities of gas exchange during sleep were only minor.
TRPM2 mediates ischemic kidney injury and oxidant stress through RAC1
Authors: Guofeng Gao, Weiwei Wang, Raghu K. Tadagavadi, Nicole E. Briley, Michael I. Love, Barbara A. Miller, W. Brian Reeves
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Ischemia is a leading cause of acute kidney injury. Kidney ischemia is associated with loss of cellular ion homeostasis; however, the pathways that underlie ion homeostasis dysfunction are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the nonselective cation channel transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) in a murine model of kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. TRPM2-deficient mice were resistant to ischemic injury, as reflected by improved kidney function, reduced histologic damage, suppression of proapoptotic pathways, and reduced inflammation. Moreover, pharmacologic TRPM2 inhibition was also protective against I/R injury. TRPM2 was localized mainly in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells, and studies in chimeric mice indicated that the effects of TRPM2 are due to expression in parenchymal cells rather than hematopoietic cells. TRPM2-deficient mice had less oxidative stress and lower levels of NADPH oxidase activity after ischemia. While RAC1 is a component of the NADPH oxidase complex, its relation to TRPM2 and kidney ischemic injury is unknown. Following kidney ischemia, TRPM2 promoted RAC1 activation, with active RAC1 physically interacting with TRPM2 and increasing TRPM2 expression at the cell membrane. Finally, inhibition of RAC1 reduced oxidant stress and ischemic injury in vivo. These results demonstrate that TRPM2-dependent RAC1 activation increases oxidant stress and suggest that therapeutic approaches targeting TRPM2 and/or RAC1 may be effective in reducing ischemic kidney injury.
Shock Reduction Using Antitachycardia Pacing for Spontaneous Rapid Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mark S. Wathen, Michael O. Sweeney, Paul J. DeGroot, Alice J. Stark, Jodi L. Koehler, Michael B. Chisner, Christian Machado, Wayne O. Adkisson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) can terminate some ventricular tachycardias (VTs) painlessly with antitachycardia pacing (ATP). ATP has not routinely been applied for VT &gt;188 bpm because of concerns about efficacy, risk of acceleration, and delay of definitive shock therapy. This prospective, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy of empirical ATP to terminate fast VT (FVT; &gt;188 bpm). Methods and Results Two hundred twenty coronary artery disease patients received ICDs for standard indications. Empirical, standardized therapy was programmed so that all FVT episodes (average cycle length [CL] 240 to 320 ms, 250 to 188 bpm) were treated with 2 ATP sequences (8-pulse burst pacing train at 88% of the FVT CL) before shock delivery. A total of 1100 episodes of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred during a mean of 6.9±3.6 months of follow-up. Fifty-seven percent were classified as slow VT (CL≥320 ms), 40% as FVT (240 ms≤CL&lt;320 ms), and 3% as ventricular fibrillation (CL&lt;240 ms). A total of 446 FVT episodes, mean CL=301±24 ms, occurred in 52 patients (median 2 episodes per patient). ATP terminated 396 FVT episodes (89%), with an adjusted efficacy of 77% (95% CI 68% to 83%). VT acceleration caused by ATP occurred in 10 FVT episodes (4%). FVT arrhythmic syncope occurred on 9 occasions (2%) in 4 patients. Conclusions FVT (CL&lt;320 ms) is common in ICD patients. ATP can terminate 3 of 4 of these episodes with a low incidence of acceleration and syncope. ATP for FVT may safely reduce the morbidity of painful shocks.