tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Origin, domain, and dynamics of rate-induced variations of functional refractory period in rabbit atrioventricular node.
Authors: J Billette, R Métayer
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Different aspects of the intrinsic regulation of rate-induced variations of functional refractory period of atrioventricular node (FRPN) were studied in isolated rabbit heart preparations. First, the hypothesis that these variations originate from the net interaction between facilitation and fatigue was tested. For a constant fast rate, selective effects of faciliation and of steady-stage fatigue were independently shown to shorten and prolong, respectively, FRPN while their combined effects were shown to result in intermediate changes corresponding to the sum of their individual effects. Second, selective and combined effects on FRPN were shown to start for rates corresponding to the upper half of the 1:1 nodal conduction range and to reach their maximums at the fastest rate tested. Third, the time-courses of fatigue-induced prolongations in nodal conduction time and FRPN were shown to be closely linked. Facilitation effects on conduction time and FRPN were confirmed, as previously shown for in situ dog hearts, to be linked, but time-independent. Fourth, FRPN was shown not to correspond to particular limits in its subintervals, but to be, nevertheless, related to nodal refractoriness. Fifth, it was demonstrated that, in conditions of combined facilitation and transient fatigue such as those prevailing in current endocavitary investigations of nodal function, FRPN could be shortened, left unchanged or prolonged by a constant fast rate depending on its duration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the dual origin of rate-induced FRPN variations, their rate and time dependence, their relation to changes in nodal refractoriness, and their involvements in various nodal responses.
Transition Zone Volume-Adjusted Prostate-Specific Antigen Value Predicts Extracapsular Carcinoma of the Prostate in Patients with Intermediate Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels
Authors: Yutaka Kurita, Akihiko Suzuki, Hiroaki Masuda, Tomomi Ushiyama, Kazuo Suzuki, Kimio Fujita NIL
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Racial and ethnic variations in incidence and survival of cutaneous melanoma in the United States, 1999-2006
Authors: Xiao-Cheng Wu, Melody J. Eide, Jessica King, Mona Saraiya, Youjie Huang, Charles Wiggins, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Nicolle Martin, Vilma Cokkinides, Jacqueline Miller, Pragna Patel, Donatus U. Ekwueme, Julian Kim
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)

Most melanoma studies use data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program or individual cancer registries. Small numbers of melanoma cases have limited in-depth analyses for all racial and ethnic groups.We sought to describe racial and ethnic variations in melanoma incidence and survival.Incidence for invasive melanoma and 5-year melanoma-specific survival were calculated for whites, blacks, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders (API), and Hispanics using data from 38 population-based cancer registries.Incidence rates of melanoma were significantly higher for females than males among whites and Hispanics under 50 years of age and APIs under 40 years of age. White and black patients were older (median age: 59-63 years) compared with Hispanics, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and API (median age: 52-56 years). The most common histologic type was acral lentiginous melanoma among blacks and superficial spreading melanoma among all other racial and ethnic groups. Hispanics had the highest incidence rate of acral lentiginous melanoma, significantly higher than whites and API. Nonwhites were more likely to have advanced and thicker melanomas at diagnosis and lower melanoma-specific survival compared with whites.Over 50% of melanoma cases did not have specified histology. The numbers of nonwhite patients were still relatively small despite broad population coverage (67% of United States).Racial and ethnic differences in age at melanoma diagnosis, anatomic sites, and histologic types suggest variations in etiologic pathways. The high percentages of advanced and thicker melanomas among nonwhites highlight the need to improve melanoma awareness for all race and ethnicity in the United States.
SIMILARITIES IN THE MECHANISMS DETERMINING THE ARTHUS AND SHWARTZMAN PHENOMENA
Authors: Chandler A. Stetson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

The intradermal injection of ovalbumin in rabbits sensitized to this antigen, under circumstances resulting in the elicitation of the Arthus phenomenon, causes a systemic reaction involving alterations in leucocytes and platelets, and results in cellular thrombosis of capillaries and veins in the injected skin areas. An abnormal metabolic process develops in the injected skin areas and may be the cause of the vulnerability of these vessels to leucocyte-platelet thrombosis. The form of vascular damage determining the Arthus phenomenon is similar to that already observed in the case of the Shwartzman phenomenon, and the results of various metabolic, hematologic, and histologic studies indicate that the mechanisms resulting in both phenomena are closely related.
Familial Defect in the Surface Expression of the T-Cell Receptor–CD3 Complex
Authors: Balbino Alarcon, Jose Ramon Regueiro, Antonio Arnaiz-Villena, Cox Terhorst
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

INFANTS with severe combined immunodeficiency usually become ill in the first few months of life.1 Although growth and development proceed normally for a few months, length and weight gain cease, and failure to thrive becomes a striking feature of the disorder.1 Most affected infants have profound lymphopenia with a specific deficiency in the mature T-cell subset. Although patients with severe combined immunodeficiency share a common clinical picture, the underlying T-cell deficit is heterogeneous. One subtype of severe combined immunodeficiency is associated with the absence of the development of thymocytes that express any thymus-specific antigens (CD3, CD4, CD6, and CD8). In . . .
Nation-wide Prevalence of Symptoms of Asthma and Wheezing in all Age Groups of Japanese Population Sampled by a Modified Random Digit Dialing Method
Authors: A. Aota, Y. Ohya, A. Saitoh, M. Futamura, M. Akashi, N. Kojima, K. Akiyama, K. Takahashi, T. Nakagawa, F. Kobayashi, A. Eboshida, H. Nakamura, H. Odajima, Y. Adachi, A. Akasawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Ulcerative colitis: a genetically heterogeneous disorder defined by genetic (HLA class II) and subclinical (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) markers.
Authors: H Yang, J I Rotter, H Toyoda, C Landers, D Tyran, C K McElree, S R Targan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Newly described distinct associations of HLA class II genes with ulcerative colitis (UC) (DR2) and Crohn's disease (CD) (DR1/DQ5) provide strong evidence for genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility between these two forms of inflammatory bowel disease. A familial distribution of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs, a subclinical marker of UC) in UC families has further implied the existence of heterogeneity within UC. To test the hypothesis that the heterogeneity within UC indicated by ANCAs has a genetic basis that resides within the HLA region, we studied 89 UC cases and an ethnically matched control group (n = 50). Serological and molecular typing techniques were applied to define HLA class II genes (DR, DQ). ANCAs were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and positive values were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. We observed that ANCA-positive UC patients (n = 70) had a significantly increased frequency of DR2 compared with ANCA-negative controls (n = 46) (44% vs 22%, P = 0.01). In contrast, the frequency of DR2 in ANCA-negative UC cases (21%) was virtually identical to that in controls (22%, P = 0.9). Furthermore, the ANCA-negative UC patients had an increase in the DR4 allele compared with ANCA-positive UC (P = 0.004). Thus, with the combination of a subclinical marker (ANCAs) and molecular genetic markers, genetic heterogeneity has been demonstrated within UC: ANCA-positive UC associated with DR2, and ANCA-negative UC likely associated with DR4.
Malabsorption and intestinal flora.
Authors: J A Weston
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BMITURH risk of cardiac arrest.There is an added advantage since cement extruding through these holes acts as a key preventing rota- tional strains from loosening the cement in the shaft.I had hoped to study the long-term results by x-ray films using radio-opaque cement but, unfortunately, there was some reluctance to use this substance in case of toxic effects.-Iam, etc.,
NOVEL MRI–BASED SCREENING PROTOCOL TO IDENTIFY ADOLESCENTS AT HIGH RISK OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
Authors: Paolo Angelini, Nishant R. Shah, Carlo E. Uribe, Benjamin Y. Cheong, Veronica Lenge, J.A. Lopez, Christine E. Lawless, Anthony H. Masso, James T. Willerson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Oral Zinc for the Common Cold
Authors: Rashmi Ranjan Das, Meenu Singh
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Is oral zinc associated with a shorter duration, decreased severity, and reduced incidence of the common cold compared with placebo?When initiated within 24 hours of symptom onset, oral zinc is associated with a shorter duration of the common cold in healthy people. However, there is no association between oral zinc and symptom severity, and the prevalence of adverse effects with zinc lozenges is high. Given the high heterogeneity of data, these results should be interpreted with caution. Used prophylactically, oral zinc is associated with a reduced cold incidence in children. Prophylactic use has not been studied in adults.
The market has failed
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Gordon Brown may be having second thoughts about market reforms in the NHS. Last week Nick Timmins described how the government is cutting back its use of the private sector ( BMJ 2007;335:1066; doi: 10.1136/bmj.39405.462431.94). Expansion of the private sector is still the official line, but only as long as it provides value for money, Mr Brown told this week's conference of the Confederation of British Industry. Beleaguered as he is on almost every front, if Brown is rethinking healthcare markets he'll find support in this week's BMJ . Steffie Woolhandler and David Himmelstein argue that US health care, the biggest system in the world …
Vulnerability of the Brain and Heart after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Fred Plum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The report in this issue of the Journal on the large international study by the Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial II Study Group1 describing the ineffectiveness of the calcium-channel blocker lidoflazine in reducing either mortality or brain damage after cardiac arrest deserves attention with respect to several points. The analysis reemphasizes that with good will, moderate financing, and much effort, the potential effectiveness of costly new drugs can be evaluated relatively promptly and, on the whole, definitively. The essential step is to catalyze large groups of physicians and statisticians with complementary talents to attack an important common problem. Such efforts have . . .
Renal impairment associated with oral terbinafine
Authors: M.S. Lee, A.K.W. Lau, G. Crosland, R. Caterson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Renal impairment associated with oral terbinafine Get access M.S. Lee, M.S. Lee Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.K.W. Lau, A.K.W. Lau Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Crosland, G. Crosland Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Caterson R. Caterson Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 2, 1 February 1996, Pages 374–375, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07638.x Published: 01 February 1996
Outcome of PTCA and stenting in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a report from the total occlusion study of Canada (TOSCA) investigators
Authors: Vladimir Dzavik, None Kok Meng Yee, Todd Anderson, Eric A. Cohen, John Mancini, Diane Catellier, Gerald Barbeau, John Ducas, Charles Lazzam, Jeffrey R. Burton, Peter B. Berger, Christopher E. Buller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Sexual health education interventions for young people: a methodological review
Authors: A. Oakley, D. Fullerton, J. Holland, S. Arnold, M. France-Dawson, P. Kelley, S. McGrellis
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To locate reports of sexual health education interventions for young people, assess the methodological quality of evaluations, identify the subgroup with a methodologically sound design, and assess the evidence with respect to the effectiveness of different approaches to promoting young people9s sexual health. <b>Design</b>: Survey of reports in English by means of electronic databases and hand searches for relevant studies conducted in the developed world since 1982. Papers were reviewed for eight methodological qualities. The evidence on effectiveness generated by studies meeting four core criteria was assessed. Judgments on effectiveness by reviewers and authors were compared. <b>Papers</b>: 270 papers reporting sexual health interventions. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: The methodological quality of evaluations. <b>Results</b>: 73 reports of evaluations of sexual health interventions examining the effectiveness of these interventions in changing knowledge, attitudes, or behavioural outcomes were identified, of which 65 were separate outcome evaluations. Of these studies, 45 (69%) lacked random control groups, 44 (68%) failed to present preintervention and 38 (59%) postintervention data, and 26 (40%) omitted to discuss the relevance of loss of data caused by drop outs. Only 12 (18%) of the 65 outcome evaluations were judged to be methodologically sound. Academic reviewers were more likely than authors to judge studies as unclear because of design faults. Only two of the sound evaluations recorded interventions which were effective in showing an impact on young people9s sexual behaviour. <b>Conclusions</b>: The design of evaluations in sexual health intervention needs to be improved so that reliable evidence of the effectiveness of different approaches to promoting young people9s sexual health may be generated. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages There should be greater awareness among health education researchers, practitioners, and policy makers of the need to base sexual health education strategies for young people on sound evidence of effectiveness Journals should refuse to accept methodo- logically flawed papers Funders should refuse to support studies with methodologically flawed designs By using the best evidence available a randomised controlled trial should be under- taken of a sexual health education intervention for young people with 5–10 years of follow up
Characterization of Clopidogrel Hypersensitivity Reactions and Management With Oral Steroids Without Clopidogrel Discontinuation
Authors: Asim N. Cheema, Atif Mohammad, Tony Hong, Henry R. Jakubovic, Gurpreet S. Parmar, Waseem Sharieff, M. Bernadette Garvey, Michael J.B. Kutryk, Neil P. Fam, John J. Graham, Robert J. Chisholm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)

The purpose of this study was to characterize clopidogrel hypersensitivity and describe its successful management with oral steroids without clopidogrel discontinuation. Hypersensitivity reactions to clopidogrel are poorly understood and present difficulty in management. Patients diagnosed with clopidogrel hypersensitivity after percutaneous coronary intervention underwent evaluation and received oral prednisone without clopidogrel discontinuation. Cutaneous testing was performed after completion of clopidogrel therapy for diagnosis and assessment of cross-reactivity. Sixty-two patients representing 1.6% of the percutaneous coronary intervention population developed clopidogrel hypersensitivity during the study period. The mean age was 62 ± 11 years, 71% of patients were male, and 35% reported prior adverse drug reaction. Clopidogrel hypersensitivity manifested as generalized exanthema in 79%, localized skin reaction in 16%, and angioedema or urticaria in 5% of patients. Biopsy of affected areas demonstrated a lymphocyte-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Complete resolution of hypersensitivity reaction was observed in 61 patients (98%) with a short course of oral prednisone. Cutaneous testing confirmed delayed hypersensitivity reaction to clopidogrel in 34 (81%) and immediate hypersensitivity in 3 of 42 patients (7%) tested. Allergenic cross-reactivity was observed for ticlopidine in 10 (24%), prasugrel in 7 (17%), and both ticlopidine and prasugrel in 3 patients (7%). Histological examination showed lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity in abnormal patch test areas. Clopidogrel hypersensitivity is manifested as generalized exanthema and is caused by a lymphocyte-mediated delayed hypersensitivity in most patients. This can be managed with oral steroids without clopidogrel discontinuation. Allergenic cross-reactivity with ticlopidine, prasugrel, or both is present in a significant number of patients with clopidogrel hypersensitivity.
Points: Small causes may have great effects
Authors: G C R Morris
Journal: BMJ (1983)

December, p 1617) of a patient in whom atenolol treatment apparently precipitated renal artery thrombosis.Recent reports suggest that the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril may cause the same complication in patients with pre-existing renal artery stenosis.Oelkers' has described two patients with renovascular hypertension who developed renal artery occlusion during treatment with captopril, and, according to Hollenberg,' about 10% of patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a solitary kidney developed rapidly progressive renal failure during the first few weeks of treatment with captopril.Half of these patients recovered renal function with a reduction in dosage of captopril.No details of the remaining patients were given, but one might speculate that some or all of them may also have developed renal artery thrombosis.
A multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of liposomal prostaglandin E1 (TLC C-53) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Jean-Louis Vincent, Rainer Brase, Frederick Santman, Peter Suter, Angela McLuckie, Jean-François Dhainaut, Younchoi Park, Jacky Karmel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Abstract 131: Serial Changes in Values of Cerebral Regional Saturation of Oxygen During Resuscitation in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Naoki Ehara, Akinori Wakai, Kenichiro Ishida, Taku Sogabe, Saori Tatsuno, Yumiko Shimahara, Kenichi Tahara, Tetsuro Nishimura, Mitsuhiro Noborio, Daikai Sadamitsu, Tomoya Hirose, Mitsuo Ohnishi, Tadahiko Shiozaki, Takeshi Shimazu
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Regional saturation of oxygen (rSO2), also known as “tissue oxygen saturation” or “local mixed blood oxygen saturation”, indicates the change in the balance of oxygen supply and demand....
A Reevaluation of the Exclusion Criteria Used in Antidepressant Efficacy Trials
Authors: Michael A. Posternak, Mark Zimmerman, Gabor I. Keitner, Ivan W. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Antidepressant efficacy trials use multiple exclusion criteria that are intended primarily to maximize differences between the drug and placebo. These exclusion criteria were implemented prior to having undergone rigorous testing, however, and it is unclear whether they accomplish their intended goal. The authors review the current state of knowledge about treatment response rates in individuals who are typically excluded from antidepressant efficacy trials. After reviewing 31 antidepressant efficacy trials published between 1994 and 1998, the authors identified 10 commonly used exclusion criteria. A computerized MEDLINE search and a manual search were used to identify studies evaluating the efficacy of antidepressant medications in populations of subjects typically excluded from antidepressant efficacy trials. Three exclusion criteria-short episode duration, mild severity of illness, and positive response during the placebo lead-in phase-are used primarily to reduce placebo response rates. Preliminary evidence suggests that, of those three criteria, only a short episode duration has been associated with less robust differences between drug and placebo response rates. The seven other exclusion criteria, including various psychiatric comorbidities, long duration of illness, medical comorbidity, and prior nonresponse to treatment, are used because individuals who meet those criteria are believed to have lower response rates to somatic therapy. Although such individuals are often found to have lower response rates to somatic therapy, they also appear to have lower response rates to placebo, and there is little evidence to suggest that drug-placebo differences are any less robust in these individuals. Many of the standard exclusion criteria currently used in antidepressant efficacy trials may not be achieving their intended goal of maximizing drug-placebo differences. The practice of excluding subjects with particular clinical profiles, which greatly reduces the generalizability of antidepressant efficacy trials, appears to lack empirical support.