tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Safety of Screening Procedures With Hand-Held Metal Detectors Among Patients With Implanted Cardiac Rhythm Devices
Authors: Clemens Jilek, Stylianos Tzeis, Hrvoje Vrazic, Verena Semmler, Georgios Andrikopoulos, Tilko Reents, Stephanie Fichtner, Sonia Ammar, Ioannis Rassias, Georgios Theodorakis, Stefan Weber, Gabriele Hessling, Isabel Deisenhofer, Christof Kolb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Case reports suggest that the hand-held metal detectors used for security screening generate electromagnetic fields that may interfere with pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) function. Objective: To assess changes in function of pacemakers and ICDs after exposure to hand-held metal detectors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two medical centers in Europe. Patients: 388 patients (209 with pacemakers and 179 with ICDs) presenting for routine follow-up of device function between September 2009 and December 2010. Measurements: Abnormalities on electrocardiography suggestive of rhythm device malfunction (pacing inhibition, loss of capture, inappropriate mode switch, ventricular oversensing, and spontaneous reprogramming) after 30 seconds of exposure to 2 widely used hand-held metal detectors with a maximal electromagnetic flux density of 6.3 µT. Results: No change in device function, including pacing or sensing abnormalities or device reprogramming, was observed in any patient. Limitations: The study included a convenience sample of patients, and the number of different device models tested was small. Testing was conducted in 2 clinic settings. Conclusion: Hand-held metal detectors did not affect the function of pacemakers or ICDs in this sample. The use of hand-held metal detectors for security screening is probably safe for patients with pacemakers and ICDs, but these findings require confirmation. Primary Funding Source: None.
Population based randomised study of uptake and yield of screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy compared with screening by faecal occult blood testing
Authors: J. E C W Verne, R. Aubrey, S. B Love, I. C Talbot, J. M A Northover
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To compare the feasibility of mass screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy with screening by faecal occult blood testing (Haemoccult) and both tests combined. <b>Design:</b> Patients were randomised to screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy, faecal blood testing, or both tests. The flexible sigmoidoscopy examinations were performed by a general practitioner. <b>Setting</b>: General practice. <b>Subjects</b>: 3744 patients aged 50-75 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Uptake, positive results, detection of neoplasia, complications, and recall for diagnostic colonoscopy. <b>Results:</b> Uptake was significantly higher in the flexible sigmoidoscopy group (46.6%) than in the faecal blood test group (31.6%; P&lt;0.001) or than in the group having both tests (30.1%; P&lt;0.001). Telephone reminders increased uptake of sigmoidoscopy to 61.8%. In total, 1116 sigmoidoscopy examinations were performed without major complication. Polyps were found in 19.3% (95% confidence interval 17.0% to 21.6%) but only 6.8% (5.3% to 8.3%) had adenomas and 2.4% (1.5% to 3.3%) "high risk" adenomas. Cancer was detected in four subjects. The faecal blood test yielded positive results in 0.8% (0.2% to 1.4%) but missed at least one cancer and 30 cases of adenoma which were found by sigmoidoscopy in the combined group. Use of histological criteria—shown elsewhere to correlate with future risk of colorectal cancer —to select "positive" patients could reduce recall for diagnostic colonoscopy from about 20% to less than 5%. <b>Conclusions:</b> Some of the predicted obstacles to screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy are surmountable. Clear evidence relating to efficacy will be obtained only from a randomised controlled trial.
Residency Training in Internal Medicine: Time for a Change?
Authors: STEVEN A. SCHROEDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Internal medicine residencies risk becoming obsolete if they are not adjusted to changing patterns of medical practice. Declining length of hospital stay, increased intensity of hospital care, movement of critical management decisions to outpatient settings, increased proportions of admissions for specific diagnostic procedures, and increased needs for perioperative consultations all erode the foundation of traditional internal medicine training. Furthermore, demographic shifts, the move to prepaid care, and a projected oversupply of subspecialists warrant more exposure to generalism and geriatrics. To prepare internists for clinical practice, some training should shift from medical wards and intensive care units to outpatient settings and surgical consultation, additional process skills must be taught, and the epidemiologically important non-internal-medicine disciplines should be included in the curriculum. These shifts will require changes in methods to pay for residency training, accreditation procedures for residency programs, and the residency certifying process. Most importantly, the model and organization of internal medicine training need to be reconsidered.
α Globin gene rearrangements in polynesians are not associated with malaria
Authors: R. J. Trent, K. N. P. Mickleson, T. Wilkinson, J. Yakas, R. Bluck, M. Dixon, A. W. Liley, H. Kronenberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Using gene mapping, 16.3% of Polynesians were shown to have alpha thalassemia. These results are surprising since malaria is not found in Polynesia. Moreover, triplicated alpha gene rearrangements were identified in a further 7.7%, a frequency not seen in other populations.
Perfusion Computerized Tomography Can Predict Pancreatic Necrosis in Early Stages of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Yoshihisa Tsuji, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Shujiro Yazumi, Yuji Watanabe, Kazuhiro Matsueda, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tsutomu Chiba
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Mutations in WDR62, encoding a centrosome-associated protein, cause microcephaly with simplified gyri and abnormal cortical architecture
Authors: Timothy W Yu, Ganeshwaran H Mochida, David J Tischfield, Sema K Sgaier, Laura Flores-Sarnat, Consolato M Sergi, Meral Topçu, Marie T McDonald, Brenda J Barry, Jillian M Felie, Christine Sunu, William B Dobyns, Rebecca D Folkerth, A James Barkovich, Christopher A Walsh
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Induction death and treatment-related mortality in first remission of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a population-based analysis of the Austrian Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster study group
Authors: C Prucker, A Attarbaschi, C Peters, M N Dworzak, U Pötschger, C Urban, F-M Fink, B Meister, K Schmitt, O A Haas, H Gadner, G Mann
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 mutations confer dominant negative effects on serine palmitoyltransferase, critical for sphingolipid synthesis
Authors: Khemissa Bejaoui, Yoshikazu Uchida, Satoshi Yasuda, Mengfatt Ho, Masahiro Nishijima, Robert H. Brown, Walter M. Holleran, Kentaro Hanada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 (HSN1) is a dominantly inherited degenerative disorder of the peripheral nerves. HSN1 is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. One form arises from mutations in the gene SPTLC1 encoding long-chain base 1 (LCB1), one of two subunits of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the enzyme catalyzing the initial step of sphingolipid synthesis. We have examined the effects of the mutations C133Y and C133W, which we have identified in two HSN1 families, on the function of SPT. Although in HSN1 lymphoblasts, the C133Y and C133W mutations do not alter the steady-state levels of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, they result in reduced SPT activity and sphingolipid synthesis. Moreover, in a mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell strain with defective SPT activity due to a lack of the LCB1 subunit, these mutations impair the ability of the LCB1 subunit to complement the SPT deficiency. Furthermore, the overproduction of either the LCB1C133Y or LCB1C133W subunit inhibits SPT activity in CHO cells despite the presence of wild-type LCB1. In addition, we demonstrate that in CHO cells the mutant LCB1 proteins, similar to the normal LCB1, can interact with the wild-type LCB2 subunit. These results indicate that the HSN1-associated mutations in LCB1 confer dominant negative effects on the SPT enzyme.
Depression and Mania
Authors: H. Keith Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

With depression and mania as the unifying nidus of extremely intensive and extensive multidisciplinary psychobiologic research and clinical effort, it is timely that Georgotas leads 54 authors in collecting and evaluating this activity and progress. Five hundred of the 653 pages, which are presented in six parts, focus on etiology, clinical syndromes, and treatment. Twenty of the authors are from New York City and New York state, while seven are from the National Institute of Mental Health. An equal number come from the rest of the United States and from foreign countries. Forty-seven of the authors have MD degrees. Two hundred twenty-six pages, the largest section, are devoted to treatment. About half of this presents psychopharmacology and medication therapy. References are included after each of the 42 chapters, and a topic index of 4 1/2 pages concludes the book. On the broad research side are genetic studies (the Amish study
Bromoderma after Excessive Ingestion of Ruby Red Squirt
Authors: Debra M. Jih, Vikram Khanna, Stephen C. Somach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: We report a case of bromoderma from excessive ingestion of a soft drink. A 63-year-old man presented with a two-week history of tender, ulcerated, erythematous nodules on his hands a...
Sequential Therapies for Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Gabriel Contreras, Victoriano Pardo, Baudouin Leclercq, Oliver Lenz, Elaine Tozman, Patricia O'Nan, David Roth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Long-term therapy with cyclophosphamide enhances renal survival in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis; however, the beneficial effect of cyclophosphamide must be weighed against its considerable toxic effects.Fifty-nine patients with lupus nephritis (12 in World Health Organization class III, 46 in class IV, and 1 in class Vb) received induction therapy consisting of a maximum of seven monthly boluses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (0.5 to 1.0 g per square meter of body-surface area) plus corticosteroids. Subsequently, the patients were randomly assigned to one of three maintenance therapies: quarterly intravenous injections of cyclophosphamide, oral azathioprine (1 to 3 mg per kilogram of body weight per day), or oral mycophenolate mofetil (500 to 3000 mg per day) for one to three years. The base-line characteristics of the three groups were similar, with the exception that the chronicity index was 1.9 points lower in the cyclophosphamide group than in the mycophenolate mofetil group (P=0.009).During maintenance therapy, five patients died (four in the cyclophosphamide group and one in the mycophenolate mofetil group), and chronic renal failure developed in five (three in the cyclophosphamide group and one each in the azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil groups). The 72-month event-free survival rate for the composite end point of death or chronic renal failure was higher in the mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine groups than in the cyclophosphamide group (P=0.05 and P=0.009, respectively). The rate of relapse-free survival was higher in the mycophenolate mofetil group than in the cyclophosphamide group (P=0.02). The incidence of hospitalization, amenorrhea, infections, nausea, and vomiting was significantly lower in the mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine groups than in the cyclophosphamide group.For patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, short-term therapy with intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine appears to be more efficacious and safer than long-term therapy with intravenous cyclophosphamide.
Cardiac-specific overexpression of phospholamban alters calcium kinetics and resultant cardiomyocyte mechanics in transgenic mice.
Authors: V J Kadambi, S Ponniah, J M Harrer, B D Hoit, G W Dorn, R A Walsh, E G Kranias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Phospholamban is the regulator of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and an important modulator of basal contractility in the heart. To determine whether all the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase enzymes are subject to regulation by phospholamban in vivo, transgenic mice were generated which overexpressed phospholamban in the heart, driven by the cardiac-specific alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Quantitative immunoblotting revealed a twofold increase in the phospholamban protein levels in transgenic hearts compared to wild type littermate hearts. The transgenic mice showed no phenotypic alterations and no changes in heart/body weight, heart/lung weight, and cardiomyocyte size. Isolated unloaded cardiac myocytes from transgenic mice exhibited diminished shortening fraction (63%) and decreased rates of shortening (64%) and relengthening (55%) compared to wild type (100%) cardiomyocytes. The decreases in contractile parameters of transgenic cardiomyocytes reflected decreases in the amplitude (83%) of the Ca2+ signal and prolongation (131%) in the time for decay of the Ca2+ signal, which was associated with a decrease in the apparent affinity of the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase for Ca2+ (56%), compared to wild type (100%) cardiomyocytes. In vivo analysis of left ventricular systolic function using M mode and pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography revealed decreases in fractional shortening (79%) and the normalized mean velocity of circumferential shortening (67%) in transgenic mice compared to wild type (100%) mice. The differences in contractile parameters and Ca2+ kinetics in transgenic cardiomyocytes and the depressed left ventricular systolic function in transgenic mice were abolished upon isoproterenol stimulation. These findings indicate that a fraction of the Ca(2+)-ATPases in native SR is not under regulation by phospholamban. Expression of additional phospholamban molecules results in: (a) inhibition of SR Ca2+ transport; (b) decreases in systolic Ca2+ levels and contractile parameters in ventricular myocytes; and (c) depression of basal left ventricular systolic function in vivo.
Fludarabine induces apoptosis, activation, and allogenicity in human endothelial and epithelial cells: protective effect of defibrotide
Authors: Günther Eissner, Gabriele Multhoff, Armin Gerbitz, Silvia Kirchner, Sonja Bauer, Silvia Haffner, Daniela Sondermann, Reinhard Andreesen, Ernst Holler
Journal: Blood (2002)
Split skin grafting in children with immune deficiencies.
Authors: P Dziewulski, B M Jones
Journal: BMJ (1990)

taking cyclosporin (83 [tmol/l (range 69-103)) (p=0 023).An intraindividual comparison was made and the median increase in T20 from the initial examination to the final examination (with an average of the left and right kidney changes) was 61% (range -41% to 267%) in the group treated with cyclosporin.In comparison, the T20 of the patients who were given a placebo fell by 12% (range -75% to 43%) (p=0O0062).The decrease in 5'Cr-EDTA clearance was larger (median fall of 23%, range -39% to 6%) in patients in whom the T20 had increased above the median increase in T20 (61%) than in the remaining patients treated with cyclosporin (fall of 1%, range -6% to 48%) and all the patients receiving a placebo (1%, range -10% to 27%) (p= 0-015).
Deaths from swine flu in UK rise, while cases fall
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Buschke-Löwenstein tumour (BLT) is rare and locally aggressive, and malignant transformation is a possibility. Because there is no consensus on the best treatment approach, the authors present a treatment algorithm based on several case reports. A 57-year-old male patient resorted to surgical consultation with a giant perianal cauliflower-like mass. A BLT was diagnosed. Due to the involvement of the anal sphincter, a wide local excision saving the rectum failed. Abdominoperineal resection was performed. Malignant transformation was diagnosed, and adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered. Clinical evolution was uneventful. Aggressive behaviour despite the absence of malignancy is the hallmark of BLT. The common presentation is an anal mass with a cauliflower-like appearance. Anal verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the major differential diagnoses. BLT treatment is challenging. Surgery is the first-line treatment, raging from wide local excision to abdominoperineal resection. To improve outcomes, chemoradiation can be used in combination with surgery. Long-term follow-up is mandatory.
Cranial Cholesteatoma: Unusual 99mTc-Sn Polyphosphate and 99mTc-Pertechnetate Scintiphotos
Authors: DAVID M. MILSTEIN, MARTIN L. NUSYNOWITZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Results of the brain and bone scintigraphy in a case of cranial cholesteatoma are described and the differential diagnosis is discussed. With both techniques, the lesion is characterized by diminished central and increased peripheral activity.
An unusual polyp: a pedunculated leiomyoma of the sigmoid colon
Authors: C. Kemp, C. Arnold, M. Torbenson, E. Stein
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 56-year-old man presented for evaluation of scant rectal bleeding that occurred with bowel movements. He denied weight loss, fevers, fatigue, or alarm symptoms, and reported no family history of polyps, colorectal cancer, or intestinal disorders. His past medical history and physical examination including a digital rectal examination were unremarkable. Colonoscopy demonstrated a single 1.2 cm pedunculated polyp within the lumen of the sigmoid colon ([Fig. 1]). The polyp, which was glistening, smooth, round, and on a minute stalk, was removed in its entirety by hot-snare polypectomy ([Fig. 2]).
Mary Kathleen Marchant
Authors: M S Marchant
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former plastic surgeon Liverpool (b 1924; q Liverpool 1948; FRCS), d 18 August 2003.

She started her career as a house officer at the former Smithdown Road Hospital in Liverpool. She practised surgery in and around Liverpool and then specialised in plastic surgery. She helped to set up the first plastic surgery unit in Liverpool, at Whiston Hospital. In 1965 she joined a missionary surgery and medical centre in Uganda, spending four years there. She returned to the United Kingdom in 1969 because of ill health. After a holiday, she joined a medical practice in Penny Lane, Liverpool, retiring in 1983.
Impaired Myocardial Flow Reserve on Rubidium-82 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Patients Assessed for Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Maria C. Ziadi, Robert A. deKemp, Kathryn A. Williams, Ann Guo, Benjamin J.W. Chow, Jennifer M. Renaud, Terrence D. Ruddy, Niroshi Sarveswaran, Rebecca E. Tee, Rob S.B. Beanlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
O148 KLF2 UP-REGULATION DECREASES HEPATIC FIBROSIS AND AMELIORATES ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CIRRHOTIC RATS
Authors: G. Marrone, R. Maeso-Díaz, G. García-Cardeña, J.C. García-Pagán, J. Bosch, J. Gracia-Sancho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Body-Fluid Physiology: The Relation of Tissue Composition to Problems of Water and Electrolyte Balance
Authors: Daniel C. Darrow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE following paper summarizes recent work on the chemical structure of the body in as much as it is related to some of the problems of water and electrolyte balance. Some of the concepts are based on work that has not yet been confirmed, but enough is established to give a tentative outline of the changes in composition of intracellular as well as extracellular fluids.Chemical AnatomyFrom the point of view of balance of water and electrolyte, the chemical anatomy can be described in terms of three tissues. These are chosen because of their size, and because their peculiar . . .
Just Doctoring: Medical Ethics in the Liberal State
Authors: Erik K. St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A practicing physician also trained in law, Troyen Brennan believes the traditional medical ethic of beneficence has become an anachronism in modern medicine. He aspires to a broader model for the doctor-patient relationship that considers law, political science, and economics to arrive at a new mosaic approach. In sharp contrast to many theories of medical ethics, "just doctoring" embraces the radical changes surrounding medicine over the past three decades. <i>Just Doctoring</i>encourages physicians to dismiss their disdain for legal and political considerations and to become activists on behalf of their patients. The book is roughly divided into two broad sections, the first of which includes relevant background to "just doctoring," with the second devoted to various issues in modern medicine, including informed consent, quality assurance, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), limits on health care, and the economic and political structure of medical practice. The first three chapters explore the liberal
Pesticides and Parkinson’s Disease: The Legacy of Contaminated Well Water
Authors: Tina Adler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Nanotechnology holds the promise of vastly expanding our ability to clean up hazardous waste sites and decontaminate polluted groundwater in situ.Polychlorinated biphenyls, organic solvents, petroleum products, arsenic, and many more contaminants are on the list that specifically engineered nanoparticles could rapidly remove from contaminated soil and water, saving billions of dollars that would have been spent on more expensive conventional remediation methods.These possibilitites are discussed in a review of field tests using nanomaterials [EHP 117:1823-1831; Karn et al.].However, the authors caution, our knowledge of the potential environmental and health hazards posed by these nanomaterials is in its infancy.In the United States alone there are hundreds of thousands of sites contaminated with hazardous wastes, with more than 1,200 requiring priority attention.Using traditional remediation technologies, such as pumping out and treating contaminated groundwater and removing contaminated soil, the job of cleaning up U.S. hazardous waste sites could take 35 years and $250 billion.The authors of this review, however, report on results showing that nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles could dramatically reduce the time required to remediate soil and water as well as, according to one report, save 80-90% compared with conventional methods.Although tiny in diameter, the surface area of these iron-based nanoparticles reaches 20-40 m 2 /g.This relatively large surface area can greatly increase the particles' reactivity.Flowing with the groundwater they can spread out to react with pollutants, transforming them into safer compounds, including compounds that bacteria can break down.The authors provide many examples of how nZVIs, currently the nano materials most widely used for in situ remediation, produced measurable effects within days or, in some cases, hours.However, the authors also emphasize that we do not know much about the potential adverse effects of nanoparticles deployed into the environment-agents that could, for example, end up in our drinking water.Some nanomaterials have already been found to enter organisms.Might some be toxic or transport bound pollutants to places they might not other wise have gone?Can they be biomagnified?How do they affect living organisms?The authors point out that, although the environment is full of naturally occurring nanoparticles, manufactured nanoparticles may behave in unpredictable ways.They recommend that while we improve engineering applications using nanoparticles for in situ remediation, we also develop the analytical tools to enable the study of manufactured nanoparticles in the environment and increase research on the ecosystem effects of these materials.