tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interferon-γ-Release Assays for Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Elliott C. Rosch
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expression of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 transgene in murine liver causes hepatitis
Authors: J. Yu, A. Y Hui, E. S H Chu, A. S L Cheng, M. Y Y Go, H. L Y Chan, W. K Leung, K. F Cheung, A. K K Ching, Y. L Chui, K. K Chan, J. J Y Sung
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Background:</b> It has been proved that cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) is rapidly induced by inflammatory mediators. However, it is not known whether overexpression of COX-2 in the liver is sufficient to promote activation or secretion of inflammatory factors leading to hepatitis. <b>Aim:</b> To investigate the role forced expression of COX-2 in liver by using inducible COX-2 transgenic (TG) mice. <b>Methods:</b> TG mice that overexpress the human COX-2 gene in the liver using the liver-specific transthyretin promoter and non-TG littermates were derived and fed the normal diet for up to 12 months. Hepatic prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) content was determined using enzyme immunoassay, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labelling and proliferation by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. <b>Results:</b> COX-2 TG mice exhibited strongly increased COX-2 and PGE<sub>2</sub>, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase level and histological hepatitis. Hepatic COX-2 expression in the TG mice resulted in activation of NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine cascade, with a marked expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (9.4-fold), interleukin (IL)-6 (4.4-fold), IL-1β (3.6-fold), and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (4.4-fold) and chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (3.2-fold). The inflammatory response of the COX-2 TG mice was associated with infiltration macrophages and lymphocytes, increased cell proliferation and high rates of cell apoptosis. Administration of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in TG mice restored liver histology to normal. <b>Conclusion:</b> Enhanced COX-2 expression in hepatocytes is sufficient to induce hepatitis by activating NF-κB, stimulating the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, recruiting macrophage and altering cell kinetics. Inhibition of COX-2 represents a mechanism-based chemopreventive approach to hepatitis.
Who Needs Iron?
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Everything alive needs iron, not too much of it and not too little. In the biosphere, where this toxic, essential element is pervasive, life has adapted itself to maintain a precarious balance. Organisms have means to exclude the iron not needed, to husband the iron required and to neutralize the toxicity of iron that is present but, for the moment, not usefully employed.Most forms of life are unable to absorb or utilize most of the iron in the earth's crust. In the perspective of evolution this must be regarded as a protective mechanism — this failure to develop biologic . . .
"Treatment of Inevitable Abortion."
Authors: Fayette Dunlop
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Bloomington, Ill., Dec. 1, 1897.  To the Editor:  —I read with interest, and with a large measure of approval, the concisely stated contribution of Dr. H. P. Newman on the Treatment of Inevitable Abortion, in ourJournalof 27th ult. A paper on the subject of abortion before any medical body, or village society, or an international gathering, invariably elicits a spirited discussion, plainly indicating that there yet remains much to be desired in the management of such conditions,  The diversity of views usually expressed, tending all the way from a dull, blameable conservatism to dangerous radicalism, further indicates that all methods are unsatisfactory at times, disastrous often, and that the desired middle ground of action has not been reduced to a formula, embracing every probable situation. A careful analysis of Dr. Newman's article indicates clearly enough that he believes in and practices the rather advanced radicalism, and defends his
Suppression of 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids in Plasma and Urine by Single and Divided Doses of Triamcinolone
Authors: Sylvia D. Grant, Peter H. Forsham, Vincent C. DiRaimondo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

PROLONGED suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis after therapy with anti-inflammatory steroids, with resultant decrease in adrenocortical secretion and impaired response to stress, has been the subject of numerous published articles.1 2 3 Di-Raimondo and Forsham,4 , 5 however, reported that less suppression occurs when the total dose of corticosteroid is administered in the morning.In this study we compared the extent and duration of suppression of adrenocortical secretion by 8 mg. of triamcinolone given as a single dose in the morning and by the same amount given in 4 divided doses throughout the day.Materials and MethodsIn a pilot study daily morning doses . . .
A review of human carcinogens—Part F: Chemical agents and related occupations
Authors: Robert Baan, Yann Grosse, Kurt Straif, Béatrice Secretan, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Véronique Bouvard, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Neela Guha, Crystal Freeman, Laurent Galichet, Vincent Cogliano
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2009)
Discriminative Capacity of Bronchodilator Response Measured with Three Different Lung Function Techniques in Asthmatic and Healthy Children Aged 2 to 5 Years
Authors: KIM G. NIELSEN, HANS BISGAARD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The primary aim of this study was to quantify and compare bronchodilator responsiveness in healthy and asthmatic children aged 2 to 5 yr. The secondary aim of the study was to compare discriminative capacity (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the reversibility test for the diagnosis of asthma) for each of the lung function tests applied in the study. Specific airway resistance (sRaw) as measured by whole-body plethysmography, respiratory resistance as measured with the interrupter technique (Rint), and respiratory resistance and reactance at 5 Hz (Rrs5, Xrs5, respectively) as measured with the impulse oscillation technique were assessed before and 20 min after inhalation of terbutaline from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler via a metal spacer by 92 children (37 healthy controls and 55 asthmatic subjects). The study of healthy children followed a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, whereas the study of asthmatic children was open. Baseline lung function was significantly decreased in asthmatic children as compared with healthy control subjects as reflected by all techniques used in the study. sRaw, Rint, and Rrs5, but not Xrs5, improved significantly with terbutaline as compared with placebo in healthy control subjects. Lung function improved to a significantly greater extent in asthmatic children than in control subjects as reflected by all methods. sRaw provided the best discriminative power of such a bronchodilator response, with a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 81% at the cutoff level of a 25% decrease in sRaw after bronchodilator administration. In conclusion, bronchodilator response measured by sRaw allows a separation of asthmatic from healthy young children. This may help define asthma in this clinically difficult-to-manage group of young wheezy children. The sensitivity and specificity of the other methods used in the study were less than those of sRaw.Keywords: asthma; healthy children; preschool children; bronchodilator responsiveness; lung function tests
DISSEMINATED DERMATOFIBROSIS AND SKIN TAGS WITH MICROSCOPIC CYST FORMATION
Authors: JULIAN VERBOV
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article DISSEMINATED DERMATOFIBROSIS AND SKIN TAGS WITH MICROSCOPIC CYST FORMATION Get access JULIAN VERBOV JULIAN VERBOV Department of Dermatology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 January 1969, Pages 69–71, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15922.x Published: 01 January 1969
Hypertension Detection and Follow-up
Authors: William G. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Regarding the preliminary results on mortality of the HDFP, future application of the results of this study could have a major impact on the health of the American people and the cost of medical care in this country. Therefore, it is important to take a critical look at the study before altering therapeutic practice based on its results.  We have the following reservations about the study:   The HDFP enrolled people 25% of whom were already undergoing antihypertensive treatment at the time of screening. No attempt was made to obtain an untreated screening BP. Thus, the HDFP mild hypertension group may include persons who actually have moderate or severe untreated hypertension.  Because of the HDFP study design, the beneficial effect of antihypertensive drug therapy cannot readily be separated from the HDFP clinic effect, ie, the additional effect of the patient receiving special attention at HDFP study
Changes in blood flow, portal pressure and shunting during the development of cirrhosis in response to beta-blockade.
Authors: M McLaren, S Braye, J Fleming, S Karran, I Taylor
Journal: Gut (1987)

An experimental model of cirrhosis was developed in the rat to assess the effect of disease and pharmacological manipulation on blood flow, shunting and portal pressure. With progression in the severity of histological cirrhosis there was a steady fall in effective liver blood flow as measured with radioisotope labelled colloid. This corresponded to a rise in portal pressure and shunting with a close correlation between the two (r = 0.7, p less than 0.01). In control animals and when portal hypertension was caused by extrahepatic obstruction, beta-blockade with propranolol, but not selective beta 2 blockade, significantly decreased liver blood flow. With cirrhosis there was a variable response to propranolol depending on the histological severity of disease, the height of portal pressure and degree of shunting. There is a possibility therefore that a potential may exist for lowering portal pressure by manipulating intrahepatic shunting.
Dynamic Approaches to the Understanding and Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Barry Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The five contributors to this book are psychiatrists and psychoanalysts associated with the Cambridge (Mass) Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Despite their common backgrounds, they do not agree about the cause and treatment of alcoholism. Vaillant, drawing from his prospective study of psychologically well college sophomores followed up 30 years later, concludes, contrary to assertions by many psychoanalysts, that the "alcohol personality" is a consequence, not a cause, of alcoholism. He further argues that in-depth psychotherapy (psychoanalysis) does not help and often harms alcoholics by deflecting attention from their major problem, alcoholism. Bean argues that psychotherapy can be beneficial if the therapist recognizes and appropriately confronts the alcoholic's denial system. Unfortunately, her practical insights and discussion of alcoholic denial are mixed with a heavy helping of psychoanalytic jargon, which detracts from the chapter's overall lucidity. Zinberg, after reviewing various definitions of alcoholism, emphasizes that the treatment strategy and goals for
Colonic epithelial cells are a major site of macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha (MIP-3alpha) production in normal colon and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: J H Kwon
Journal: Gut (2002)

<i>Background and aims</i>—A randomised controlled comparison of haemostatic efficacy of mechanical, injection, and thermal methods of haemostasis was undertaken using canine mesenteric vessels to test the hypothesis that mechanical methods of haemostasis are more effective in controlling haemorrhage than injection or thermal methods. The diameter of arteries in human bleeding ulcers measures up to 3.45 mm; mesenteric vessels up to 5 mm were therefore studied. <i>Methods</i>—Mesenteric vessels were randomised to treatment with injection sclerotherapy (adrenaline and ethanolamine), bipolar diathermy, or mechanical methods (band, clips, sewing machine, endoloops). The vessels were severed and haemostasis recorded. <i>Results</i>—Injection sclerotherapy and clips failed to stop bleeding from vessels of 1 mm (n=20) and 2 mm (n=20). Bipolar diathermy was effective on 8/10 vessels of 2 mm but failed on 3 mm vessels (n=5). Unstretched elastic bands succeeded on 13/15 vessels of 2 mm but on only 3/10 vessels of 3 mm. The sewing machine achieved haemostasis on 8/10 vessels of 4 mm but failed on 5 mm vessels (n=5); endoloops were effective on all 5 mm vessels (n=5). <i>Conclusions</i>—Only mechanical methods were effective on vessels greater than 2 mm in diameter. Some mechanical methods (banding and clips) were less effective than expected and need modification. Thermal and (effective) mechanical methods were significantly (p&lt;0.01) more effective than injection sclerotherapy. The most effective mechanical methods were significantly more effective (p&lt;0.01) than thermal or injection on vessels greater than 2 mm.
Effect of dietary salt on bronchial reactivity to histamine in asthma.
Authors: A. Javaid, M. J. Cushley, M. F. Bone
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Etude sur 10 malades asthmatiques et 5 temoins normaux. L'augmentation de l'apport alimentaire de sel amene une augmentation de la reactivite a l'histamine chez 9 des 10 malades mais non chez les temoins. Importance possible de cette observation puisque la reactivite a l'histamine est en correlation avec la gravite des troubles
Why are patients with acute stroke admitted to hospital?: Authors' reply
Authors: J. Bamford, P. Sandercock, C. Warlow, M. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1986)

computed tomography2 but lacks the ability to provide a differential diagnosis.Recently interest has focused on radiopharmaceuticals which allow images to be made showing regional cerebral blood flow.Two agents in par- ticular have proved useful, '231 isopropylamphetamine (IMP)3 and, more recently, 99Tc hexamethyl propyleneamineoxime (HM-PAO).4These agents not only provide the ability to identify the presence of both tumours' and infarcts,6 although both appear as areas of reduced cerebral blood flow, but they also show distinctive patterns of perfusion for some types of dementia.78We have shown that, in particular, the pattern in Alzheimer's disease is ofa bilateral reduction in perfusion in the temporo- parieto-occipital regions while in multi-infarct dementia the uptake pattern varies from normal to that of gross focal defects.9Our recent work indicates that in Huntington's chorea there may be reduced perfusion in the head of the caudate nucleus.9'mTc HM-PAO, which offers several technical advantages over '23I IMP, should be available commercially in the near future, and the imaging equipment, a tomographic gammacamera, is avail- able in most hospitals.The study is simple to perform, requiring one intravenous injection of the radiopharmnaceutical and about 30 minutes' imagig tme.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone triggers differentiation in HaCaT keratinocytes
Authors: B. Zbytek, M. Pikula, R.M. Slominski, A. Mysliwski, E. Wei, J. Wortsman, A.T. Slominski
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Corticotropin‐releasing hormone triggers differentiation in HaCaT keratinocytes Get access B. Zbytek, B. Zbytek Department of Histology and Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, RM519, Memphis, TN 38163, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Pikula, M. Pikula Department of Histology and Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. Slominski, R.M. Slominski Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, RM519, Memphis, TN 38163, U.S.A Andrzej Slominski. E‐mail: aslominski@utmem.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Mysliwski, A. Mysliwski Department of Histology and Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Wei, E. Wei School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Wortsman, J. Wortsman Department of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.T. Slominski A.T. Slominski Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, RM519, Memphis, TN 38163, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 3, 1 March 2005, Pages 474–480, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06217.x Published: 01 March 2005 Article history Accepted: 05 March 2004 Published: 01 March 2005
INSTITUTE OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
Authors: Abraham Ravich
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An article entitled "Cancer and the Need for Facts" that appeared inThe Journal(January 8, p. 93) contained a number of unwarranted statements derogatory to the research of Dr. Emanuel Revici and the Institute of Applied Biology. These statements were based on a correspondence item published inThe Journalon Aug. 18, 1945 (p. 1186). We have in our possession and submit conclusive documentary evidence from a majority of these signers that completely contradicts their published unfavorable correspondence. Accordingly, the statements that appeared inThe Journalwere without justification if based on these alleged facts. Such unwarranted propaganda against a research program on cancer carried on sincerely "not for profit" can only impede much needed progress in this difficult field. The Institute of Applied Biology, 54 Greene Avenue, Brooklyn, is a non-profit, tax exempt membership corporation incorporated in April 1947, under the laws of the State
Intrathoracic Hibernoma
Authors: J. Winthrop Peabody, Joseph Ziskind, Howard A. Buechner, Augustus E. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

HIBERNOMA is the term applied to a rare tumor composed of multiloculated fat cells morphologically similar to, if not absolutely identical with, the cells of the so-called "hibernating gland"of animals. Although evidence for the existence of a homologous structure in human beings is controversial, in embryos and occasionally in adults a tissue indistinguishable from hibernating-gland fat, even to its brown color, is found. The exact relation between this "brown fat" and adult adipose tissue has never been adequately clarified, some writers adhering to the concept that brown fat represents mere remnants of a phase in the development of yellow adipose . . .
Developing a science of improvement
Authors: Martin Marshall, James Mountford
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Clinicians are used to using scientific evidence when they make decisions about the care they provide for patients: they have a good idea of what blood pressure they should be aiming to achieve for patients with diabetes, and there is enough evidence about the outcomes of knee joint replacement surgery to enable an informed conversation with patients presenting with osteoarthritis. Information to guide clinical decisions about what to do, or what to advise patients to do, is available, comprehensible and increasingly easy to access.
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dennis W. Boulware
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, Drs McCarty and Carrera (1982;248:1718) reported on the efficacy of combined therapy for intractable rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In light of the difficulty in treating severe RA, the clinical improvement noted and the roentgenograms included were encouraging. The roentgenograms in Fig 7 showed the right hand of a patient undergoing complete clinical remission with healing of an erosion and recortication of the lesion. Despite these improvements, however, the serial roentgenograms seemed to indicate new and progressive erosions on the ulnar surface of the base of the fourth proximal phalanx and the head of the fifth proximal phalanx. This progression of erosions was not reported in the table summary of patients with a clinical complete remission. While it is possible that these erosions were present previously<i>en face</i>, the positioning of the fourth and fifth metacarpal heads appeared very similar in the roentgenographic reproductions. The authors remarked that
House‐dust mites and associated environmental conditions in Danish homes
Authors: H. Harving, J. Korsgaard, R. Dahl
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The concentration of house-dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) was investigated in 96 Danish homes with one or more members suffering from asthma. The air-exchange rates, humidity, and temperature were measured in all the homes. A positive correlation was found between indoor air humidity and mite concentration (P < 0.01), and an inverse correlation (P = 0.027) between house-dust mite concentration and indoor air-exchange was found. Homes of mite-allergic persons had a higher concentration of house-dust mites than did those of the non-mite-allergic group. House-dust mite concentration was above the proposed limit of 10 mites/0.1 g dust in 76% of the homes of persons allergic to mites and in 48% of the homes of nonsensitive persons. The high proportion of homes infested with house-dust mites suggests an increased prevalence of house-dust mites in Danish homes. The results support the concept that reduced ventilation in homes involves a risk of increased house-dust mite exposure.
EGFR Molecular Profiling in Advanced NSCLC: A Prospective Phase II Study in Molecularly/Clinically Selected Patients Pretreated with Chemotherapy
Authors: Michele Milella, Carmen Nuzzo, Emilio Bria, Isabella Sperduti, Paolo Visca, Fiamma Buttitta, Barbara Antoniani, Roberta Merola, Alain Gelibter, Federica Cuppone, Valerio D'Alicandro, Anna Ceribelli, Massimo Rinaldi, Anna Cianciulli, Lara Felicioni, Sara Malatesta, Antonio Marchetti, Marcella Mottolese, Francesco Cognetti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)