tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BONE GRAFTING IN UNUNITED FRACTURES OF THE MANDIBLE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PEDICLED GRAFT
Authors: P. P. Cole, C. H. Bubb
Journal: BMJ (1919)

rTHEcBRITotS 67 associated witli a risk of glycosuria wlhiclh froiim snall begin- nings m]ay end in a permanent diabetes.Intestinal diffi- culties are common and the colon may prove troublesome.Pigmentary changes in the skin may declare themselves in the form. of leucoderma, and patclhes of alopecia somnetinmes become established on the scalp.Ilere again we lhave three examples of climacteric disease in women witlh an inter-allied relationship no less notable tljan that found between the examiiples selected for illustration as being frequent in men at tlle corresponding peIrio(d of life.The causative influence in all three is probably a toxaemia bv whlich metabolismi is more or less se4iously interfered witlh.The toxic process has been going on over many years with passing increase or diulnution of virutlence according to the demands made uponl the resisting powers of the individual., Finally, wlhen the menopause arrives and temporarily disturbs tlle equilibrium of lhealtlh, the toxins Concentrate thieir energies anid produce symiptoms indicative of selective intensity in one dlirection or anotlher according as it is guided by inlherited tendency or personal idiosyncrasy.The nervous systemi lhas to bear the primiiary weiglht of the pathiological condition, and we find in eaclh of the cases quoted, just as in those exemplified by men, an irregularitv of nerve supply wlich, added to the organic clhanges that have taken place, complicates the symptomatology and increases tlje uncertainty of tle prognosis.rThese ailments are apt to overlap one another, and more frequently present tlhemrselves as a united clinical picture than as a true-to-type malady.Colitis enters into the make-up of the story of muany cases of rlheumaatoid artlhritis, which, in its turn, is often an associate of 'hypertllyroidisn, while all; three nayyfind full expression in thef8ame patient.Thefollowing case fully bears out this statement: CASE VUr.M. P., aged 63, a spare, active woman, who had, suffered for some years from chronic rheumatism, and gave a history ot temporary glycosuria.about ten years ago.She complained of recent loss of flesh, weariness, constant palpitation, and irregularity of the bowels, with recurring attacks of colicky pains, diarrhoea, anid mucus-coated, blood-stainied stools.OIn}examination her terminal finger-joints were deformed by Heberden's nodes, and semeral of the interphalangeal joints were spilndle-shaped and enlarged.Each.hand was deflected to the ul4iar side, and there-was wasting of the interosseous muscles.
Advancement of Men and Women in Medical Academia
Authors: Thomas J. Ruane
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  I read the article by Wallis et al and the accompanying editorial by Dr Witte. Even at this early stage in the study of the differential success rates of men and women in medical academia—the stage of descriptive epidemiologic studies—I wonder if errors are not being made in the formulation of the basic research hypothesis to be examined.  I think that there are attractive alternative hypotheses to the assumption that either some intrinsic characteristic of women (a second X chromosome?) or some hostility of the academic environment toward those with such a characteristic makes success less likely. From an evolutionary point of view, differentiation between these two alternative hypotheses seems a moot issue.  I would propose that an acquired characteristic of the aspiring medical academician might correlate better with success or survival than inherent chromosomal material. That characteristic is the presence of a wife. The presence or
Osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: J E Compston, D Judd, E O Crawley, W D Evans, C Evans, H A Church, E M Reid, J Rhodes
Journal: Gut (1987)

Bone mineral content in spinal trabecular and peripheral cortical bone was measured in 75 unselected patients with small and/or large intestinal inflammatory bowel disease. Osteoporosis, defined as a bone mineral content greater than 2 SD below the age and sex matched normal mean value was present in 23 patients (30.6%). Three amenorrhoeic females aged 34, 38, and 42 years had severe clinical osteoporosis and a further three patients had one or more vertebral crush fractures. Eighteen of the 23 patients with osteoporosis had small intestinal disease with one or more resections and the mean lifetime steroid dose in those with osteoporosis was significantly higher than in those with normal bone mineral content. Bone mineral content in spinal trabecular bone showed significant negative correlations with lifetime steroid dose and serum alkaline phosphatase and a significant positive correlation with serum albumin. Peripheral cortical bone mineral content was positively correlated with body weight, height and body mass index. We conclude that the prevalence of osteoporosis is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, severe clinical osteoporosis developing in some relatively young patients. The pathogenesis of this bone loss is probably multifactorial; steroid therapy is likely to be an important contributory factor.
Critical role of FLT3 ligand in IL-7 receptor–independent T lymphopoiesis and regulation of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors
Authors: Ewa Sitnicka, Natalija Buza-Vidas, Henrik Ahlenius, Corrado M. Cilio, Christos Gekas, Jens M. Nygren, Robert Månsson, Min Cheng, Christina T. Jensen, Marcus Svensson, Karin Leandersson, William W. Agace, Mikael Sigvardsson, Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
Journal: Blood (2007)
HYGIENE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Authors: C. F. ULRICH
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The truth of the old adage,<i>Mens sana in corpore sano</i>, has been established by the experience of centuries. It has been observed, and the fact has impressed itself on the mind of thinking men and women that, no matter what might be the native talent and the careful education of an individual, if the bodily health is neglected, or is bad from the first, the intellectual development does not come up to the expectations of the fond parents and the admiring relatives and friends. The sickly body, the failing physical strength, the general debility hold back the native talent, the brilliant genius, and prevent the development of what bade fair to become a giant intellect; dwarfing it by physical deficiency and the consequent want of energy. The youth of genius, who would soar high above his fellows, making himself a name, and writing that name high up in the
Intermediate-term Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial of the 350- versus- the 500-mm2 Baerveldt Implant
Authors: Mary Ann Lloyd, George Baerveldt, Paul S. Fellenbaum, Paul A. Sidoti, Don S. Minckler, James F. Martone, Laurie LaBree, Dale K. Heuer
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)
Severe metabolic acidosis causes early lethality in NBC1 W516X knock-in mice as a model of human isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Yi-Fen Lo, Sung-Sun Yang, George Seki, Hideomi Yamada, Shoko Horita, Osamu Yamazaki, Toshiro Fujita, Tomohiko Usui, Jeng-Daw Tsai, I-Shing Yu, Shu-Wha Lin, Shih-Hua Lin
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Targeting Channelrhodopsin-2 to ON-bipolar Cells With Vitreally Administered AAV Restores ON and OFF Visual Responses in Blind Mice
Authors: Emilie Macé, Romain Caplette, Olivier Marre, Abhishek Sengupta, Antoine Chaffiol, Peggy Barbe, Mélissa Desrosiers, Ernst Bamberg, Jose-Alain Sahel, Serge Picaud, Jens Duebel, Deniz Dalkara
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Most inherited retinal dystrophies display progressive photoreceptor cell degeneration leading to severe visual impairment. Optogenetic reactivation of retinal neurons mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy has the potential to restore vision regardless of patient-specific mutations. The challenge for clinical translatability is to restore a vision as close to natural vision as possible, while using a surgically safe delivery route for the fragile degenerated retina. To preserve the visual processing of the inner retina, we targeted ON bipolar cells, which are still present at late stages of disease. For safe gene delivery, we used a recently engineered AAV variant that can transduce the bipolar cells after injection into the eye's easily accessible vitreous humor. We show that AAV encoding channelrhodopsin under the ON bipolar cell–specific promoter mediates long-term gene delivery restricted to ON-bipolar cells after intravitreal administration. Channelrhodopsin expression in ON bipolar cells leads to restoration of ON and OFF responses at the retinal and cortical levels. Moreover, light-induced locomotory behavior is restored in treated blind mice. Our results support the clinical relevance of a minimally invasive AAV-mediated optogenetic therapy for visual restoration. Most inherited retinal dystrophies display progressive photoreceptor cell degeneration leading to severe visual impairment. Optogenetic reactivation of retinal neurons mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy has the potential to restore vision regardless of patient-specific mutations. The challenge for clinical translatability is to restore a vision as close to natural vision as possible, while using a surgically safe delivery route for the fragile degenerated retina. To preserve the visual processing of the inner retina, we targeted ON bipolar cells, which are still present at late stages of disease. For safe gene delivery, we used a recently engineered AAV variant that can transduce the bipolar cells after injection into the eye's easily accessible vitreous humor. We show that AAV encoding channelrhodopsin under the ON bipolar cell–specific promoter mediates long-term gene delivery restricted to ON-bipolar cells after intravitreal administration. Channelrhodopsin expression in ON bipolar cells leads to restoration of ON and OFF responses at the retinal and cortical levels. Moreover, light-induced locomotory behavior is restored in treated blind mice. Our results support the clinical relevance of a minimally invasive AAV-mediated optogenetic therapy for visual restoration.
The Case for Routine Childhood Vaccination against Hepatitis A
Authors: Raymond S. Koff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Although its incidence has declined in the past decade, hepatitis A is still responsible for nearly 60 percent of the cases of acute viral hepatitis in the United States. In about half these cases, no source of infection is identified. The investigation of a far-flung, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A from a common source described by Hutin et al. in this issue of the Journal 1 is a superb example of “shoe-leather” epidemiology combined with molecular sequencing to establish the genetic relatedness of hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolates. Classic case–control and cohort studies of food consumed during the probable period of . . .
Allergy-related genes in microarray: An update review
Authors: Hirohisa Saito, Jun Abe, Kenji Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

Microarrays have attracted tremendous interest among biologists. However, questions have been raised regarding the reproducibility between experiments performed in different laboratories using different platforms. Here, we discuss these problems and reach the following conclusions. First, the reproducibility between different platforms of arrays is low, but bioinformatics may permit compensation at least among oligonucleotide microarrays. Second, it is hard to interpret microarray results generated using mixed cell populations. Hierarchical clustering may be applied to identify whether upregulated transcripts in an inflammatory tissue were caused simply by an increased number of inflammatory cells.
Effects of melanotropic peptides on fetal adrenal gland.
Authors: D Rudman, B M Hollins, N C Lewis, R K Chawla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Adrenal glands from early, mid, and late fetuses of rabbit, guinea pig, and rat, and from newborn animals of each species, were incubated for 1-4 h with and without 0.1 nM-1 microM ACTH, alpha- or beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH or beta MSH). The effects of the peptides were measured on production of glucocorticoids, and on incorporation of labeled thymidine or leucine into DNA or protein, respectively. The findings were similar in all three species. ACTH stimulated synthesis of glucocorticoids throughout fetal life. Potency increased progressively, as reflected by declining minimal effective dose and rising maximal response. In early and mid fetus alpha MSH and beta MSH caused a modest glucocorticoid steroidogenic effect. ACTH and alpha MSH stimulated DNA and protein synthesis in the early and mid fetal gland. alpha MSH was more potent than ACTH in these respects, minimal effective dose being generally 10 times less and maximal response 25-200% greater. The effects diminished or disappeared in the late fetal and newborn gland. These data indicate that alpha- and beta MSH possess steroidogenic or growth-promoting properties, or both, for the fetal adrenal gland.
Outbreak of bronchiolitis obliterans associated with consumption of Sauropus androgynus in Taiwan
Authors: Ruay-Sheng Lai, Ambrose A Chiang, Ming-Ting Wu, Jyh-Seng Wang, Nin-Sheng Lai, Jau-Yeong Lu, Luo-Ping Ger, Victor Roggli
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Impact of a venous thromboembolism prophylaxis “smart order set”: Improved compliance, fewer events
Authors: Amer M. Zeidan, Michael B. Streiff, Brandyn D. Lau, Syed‐Rafay Ahmed, Peggy S. Kraus, Deborah B. Hobson, Howard Carolan, Chryso Lambrianidi, Paula B. Horn, Kenneth M. Shermock, Gabriel Tinoco, Salahuddin Siddiqui, Elliott R. Haut
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects over 700,000 Americans annually. Prophylaxis reduces the risk of VTE by 60% but many patients still do not receive risk-appropriate VTE prophylaxis. To improve our institution's VTE prophylaxis performance, we developed mandatory computerized clinical decision support-enabled "smart order sets" that required providers to assess VTE risk factors and contraindications to pharmacologic prophylaxis. Using provider responses, the order set recommends evidence-based risk-appropriate VTE prophylaxis. To study the impact of our "smart order set" on prescription of risk-appropriate VTE prophylaxis and clinical outcomes, we conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients admitted to the Medicine service during one month immediately prior to (November 2007) and a single month subsequent to (April 2010) order set launch. Data collection included patient demographics, VTE risk factors, and the use and type of VTE prophylaxis. The pre- and post-implementation cohorts contained 1,000 and 942 patients, respectively. After implementation of the "smart order set", the prescription of risk-appropriate VTE prophylaxis increased from 65.6% to 90.1% (P < 0.0001). Orders for any form of VTE prophylaxis increased from 76.4% to 95.6% (P < 0.0001). Radiographically documented symptomatic VTE within 90 days of hospital discharge declined from 2.5% to 0.7% (P = 0.002). Preventable harm was completely eliminated (1.1% to 0%, P = 0.001) with no difference in major bleeding or all-cause mortality. A VTE prophylaxis computerized clinical decision support-enabled "smart order set" improved prescription of risk-appropriate VTE prophylaxis, reduced symptomatic VTE and eliminated preventable harm from VTE without increasing major bleeding.
Corticotropin-Secreting Carcinoma
Authors: Leon J. Marks, Agnes B. Russfield, David L. Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE ASSOCIATION OF Cushing's syndrome and carcinoma of the lung has occurred with sufficient frequency to suggest more than a coincidental relationship. The idea that the tumor might, in some manner, stimulate the pituitary to secrete ACTH has been suggested by the finding of elevated plasma ACTH levels in several patients.<sup>1,2</sup>However, this finding is also consistent with the concept that the neoplasm itself secretes a corticotropic substance that acts directly on the adrenal glands. The following case is that of a patient with fulminating Cushing's syndrome and an oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Endocrinologic studies performed during life, postmortem bioassay of the tissue obtained from the anterior pituitary, and the neoplasm for corticotropic activity, form the basis of this report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 49-yr-old male entered the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital on June 16, 1961, with the chief complaint of swelling of the face
DRUGS AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: PAUL H. HOCH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

In summary, I feel there are those cases where drugs can be effectively combined with psychotherapy without detriment to the treatment situation. In fact very often therapy is enhanced if such an integrated approach is used with these patients. Generalizations of do's and don'ts are not applicable. Each patient is a problem in himself. The decision of whether or not to use drugs in connection with psychotherapy should be based on well-conceived clinical judgment. More attention must be paid to such integrated treatment by experts in the field of psychotherapy than has been until recently.
UK deaths from breast cancer fall to lowest figure for 40 years
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The number of women dying from breast cancer in the United Kingdom has fallen to fewer than 12 000 for the first time since national statistics have been recorded, almost 40 years ago, according to the latest figures.

The figures collated from government statistics by Cancer Research UK, a research and information charity, showed that 11 990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007. In 1971, the first year that these statistics were collected, 12 472 women died …
Intestinal TI-201 Activity in the Thorax Mimicking Lung Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: HATICE DURAK, ISMET DURAK, TÜLIN BERK, ÖZLEM KUT, SÜLEYMAN KAYNAK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 67-year-old woman with a choroidal malignant melanoma of the right eye was imaged with TI-201 chloride. An intense TI-201 uptake in her left lower thorax was present that disappeared on late images. Chest x-ray showed colonic haustrations and gastric air in the left lower thorax. The patient had undergone a left pneumothorax for the treatment of cavitary tuberculosis 40 years earlier. Intestinal activity due to diaphragmatic eventration was found to be responsible for the TI-201 uptake in her left lower thorax.
Trouble at sea
Authors: Gabriel Jaffe
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I once worked as a locum for the regular ship's doctor of a large transatlantic passenger liner. Two days out from port a tall good looking 67 year old man came to the surgery. The diagnosis soon became apparent from his unhappy history of the previous 48 hours. He and his 28 year old wife were on their honeymoon, having got married just three days earlier. The daunting spectre of his impotence had become a depressing reality, and the survival of the marriage was already in the balance. “Maybe you can help me, doc,” was his cri …
The Effects of Lower Body Negative Pressure on Hand Blood Flow
Authors: H. I. McNamara, J. M. Sikorski, H. Clavin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Exposure to mild degrees of lower body negative pressure (between atmospheric and 40 mm Hg below atmospheric) caused a transient reduction in hand blood flow. Greater reductions in lower body negative pressure (40 mm Hg or more below atmospheric) led to a more sustained reduction in hand blood flow. This sustained response to LBNP is unlike the reflex effects on hand blood flow caused by tilting into the foot-down position. The possibility that the response is the result of several different stimuli is discussed.
GOWERS' CASE OF LOCAL PANATROPHY.
Authors: STANLEY BARNES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1939)

Journal Article GOWERS' CASE OF LOCAL PANATROPHY. Get access STANLEY BARNES, M.D., D.Sc, F.R.C.P. STANLEY BARNES, M.D., D.Sc, F.R.C.P. Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 51, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1939, Pages 377–380, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1939.tb10810.x Published: 01 August 1939
Nearly 40 million people worldwide are infected with HIV
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The world is doing better than it was to combat AIDS but is still not doing enough, says the 2006 report on the global epidemic by UNAIDS, the joint United Nations project on HIV and AIDS.

The report comes 25 years after the disease, which UNAIDS describes as “among the greatest development challenges in human history,” was first recognised ( MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1981;30: 250-2).

It was presented at a press conference in New York on Tuesday, the day before the opening of the UNAIDS 2006 high level meeting on AIDS. Peter Piot, executive director of UNAIDS, Ann Veneman, executive director of Unicef, and Thoraya Obaid, executive director of the UN Population Fund, spoke at the press conference. They said that 126 countries had …
Early Days in Maine Surgery
Authors: Samuel R. Webber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE anonymous wit who said, "Speeches are like babies, easy to conceive, difficult to deliver," succeeded in summarizing my feelings on the present occasion. Reflecting on the years spent dealing with the more commonplace surgical diseases, remote from teaching and research, I could find no conclusions that had not been arrived at by others, and could compose no message that seemed worth while to deliver here. Hastily dismissing the thought that this might indicate a serious intellectual defect, I turned from considering the unpredictable future to the unchangeable past, and decided that it might interest the Society to become acquainted . . .
THE HISTORY OF MICROBIAN PRODUCTS WHICH FAVOR INFECTION.
Authors: CHARLES BOUCHARD
Journal: JAMA (1890)

[Translated for The Journal.] 1. It is not uncommon to see two different species of microbe invade at the same time an animal organism; the result of this mixed infection may be widely dissimilar. Sometimes the two pathogenic agents develop side by side, without any reciprocal influence upon each other; sometimes the animal will find in one of them an unexpected ally against the other, when it would have succumbed to the one affection, it survives the combined attack of the two; finally the two microbes acting together sometimes overcome an organism which would have resisted successfully either one of the invaders, if attacking alone. It is this last group which is reviewed by the<i>Gazette</i>. The writer remarks that it is the result most frequently seen; almost always infection intensifies infection. It is not necessary that the two microbes both be pathogenic in order that their results
Xenograft Models for Liver Metastasis: Relationship between Tumor Morphology and Adenovirus Vector Transduction
Authors: Zong-Yi Li, Shaoheng Ni, Xiangling Yang, Nancy Kiviat, André Lieber
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The improvement of initial tumor cell transduction with viral vectors is a major task in tumor gene therapy. We have developed mouse tumor models with hepatic metastases to study transduction of tumor cells after systemic adenovirus vector application. The tumor models were established by intraportal transplantation of human tumor cell lines into immunodeficient mice. Liver metastases derived from cervix, colon, breast, and liver cancer lines were analyzed for distribution of extracellular matrix, vascularization, and transgene expression after tail vein injection of adenovirus vectors. Overall, xenografts resembled the morphology of corresponding tumors in cancer patients. Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery depended on tumor vascularization and direct contact between blood vessels and tumor cells. These models represent important tools for studying and improving tumor gene therapy approaches.