tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infections caused by<i>escherichia coli</i>resistant to norfloxacin in hospitalized cirrhotic patients
Authors: Jordi Ortiz, Maria Carme Vila, Germán Soriano, Josep Miñana, Jordi Gana, Beatriz Mirelis, Maria Teresa Novella, Susana Coll, Miriam Sàbat, Montserrat Andreu, Guillem Prats, Ricard Solà, Carlos Guarner
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin is useful to prevent bacterial infections in several groups of cirrhotic patients at high risk of infection. However, the emergence of infections caused by Escherichia coli resistant to quinolones has recently been observed in cirrhotic patients undergoing prophylactic norfloxacin. Our aim is to determine the characteristics of the infections caused by E. coli resistant to norfloxacin in hospitalized cirrhotic patients. One hundred and six infections caused by E. coli in 99 hospitalized cirrhotic patients were analyzed and distributed into two groups: group I (n = 67), infections caused by E. coli sensitive to norfloxacin, and group II (n = 39), infections caused by E. coli resistant to norfloxacin. The clinical and analytical characteristics at diagnosis of the infection were similar in both groups. Previous prophylaxis with norfloxacin was more frequent in group II (15/67, 22.4% vs. 32/39, 82%, P &lt; .0001), as a result of a higher number of patients submitted to continuous long–term prophylaxis in this group, whereas previous short–term prophylaxis was similar in both groups. Infections were more frequently nosocomial–acquired in group II than in group I (17/67, 25.3% vs. 20/39, 51.2%, P = .01). The type of infections was similar in both groups: urinary tract infections 38 in group I and 24 in group II, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 8 and 2, spontaneous bacteremia 4 and 4, and bacterascites 1 and 0, respectively (pNS). Mortality during hospitalization was similar in the two groups (4/67, 5.9% vs. 5/39, 12.8%, pNS). None of the E. coli resistant to norfloxacin were also resistant to cefotaxime and only one of them was resistant to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Prophylaxis with norfloxacin, usually continuous long–term prophylaxis, favors the development of infections caused by norfloxacin–resistant E. coli . Long–term antibiotic prophylaxis should therefore be restricted to highly selected groups of cirrhotic patients at high–risk of infection. Infections caused by E. coli resistant to norfloxacin show a severity similar to those caused by sensitive E. coli . No significant associated resistance between norfloxacin and the antibiotics most frequently used in the treatment of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients has been observed.
CD30+ anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with an unusual translocation t(11;22)
Authors: M. Schlaak, R. Renner, R. Treudler, W. Harth, W. Poenisch, F. Kauer, S. Grunewald, C. Wittekind, J.C. Simon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)
Translocation of Blood from the Isolated Dog's Hindlimb During Levarterenol Infusion and Sciatic Nerve Stimulation
Authors: OSCAR W. SHADLE, MARTIN ZUKOF, JOHN DIANA
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Changes in weight, arterial and peripheral venous pressures, and venous outflow were measured during levarterenol infusion and sciatic nerve stimulation in an isolated hindlimb with constant arterial inflow. Our results indicate that the weight loss which occurs during these procedures is caused by peripheral venous constriction, and that the loss of volume from the hindlimb is almost entirely from the intravascular compartment.
Differences in progression of HIV infection between men and women
Authors: M. Egger, W. Twisselmann, B. Ledergerber
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Proportions (95% confidence intervals) ofrespondents who had nebulisers in their practice and who took peakflow meters on house calls and change in respondents' responses between 1989 and 1994 All respondents Paired comparison 1989 1994 between 1989 and 1994 %0(95% % (95% Median change Confidence Confidence No of (interquartile No intervals) No intervals) pairs range)* Pt Nebuliser in practice 198 91-4 (87-5 to 95 3) 189 98-4 (96-6 to 100-2) 146 0 (0 to 1) 0 03 Takes meteron house calls 198 31-8 (25-3 to 38-3) 191 34-6 (27-8 to 41-4) 148 0 (Oto2) 09 *Positive values indicate increase.tSigned rank statistic.
Development of program-controlled portable insulin delivery devices
Authors: K Prestele, M Franetzki, H Kresse
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Various alternatives for program-controlled insulin delivery systems, on which we have been working since 1972, are described. Fixed-programmable and demand-programmable devices, both in two parts comprising separate control and delivery units, have been miniaturized and technically improved to the extent that they can now be used for the ambulant, long-term treatment of diabetic patients. The electronic drive systems, including control and safety circuits, that are discussed using the demand-type system as an example have been conventionally designed, using CMOS technology. The mechanical components of the insulin-delivery devices, in particular the roller pump driven by a stepping motor, have been developed in such a way that they can also be employed in implantable devices, without any essential modifications. Particular attention was thus paid to the features of miniaturization, high insulin concentration, low energy consumption, and a high degree of safety and reliability. The experience obtained from broad-based clinical trials of the devices is summarized briefly.
Targeting Aldose Reductase: A Novel Strategy in Treating Endocrine Resistance Using Combination Therapy.
Authors: R. Tekmal, H. Nair, S. Huffman, N. Kirma, P. Rao, D. Evans, K. Ramana, S. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in women. Among breast cancer patients about 2/3 are initially hormone sensitive or estrogen receptor (ER) positive and respond to endocrine therapy. Aromatase inhibitors (AI's) are superior class of hormonal therapeutic agents effectively control ER positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Acquired resistance to AI's is expected to be an emerging serious problem in clinics and recent studies have shown that tumors use adaptive signaling mechanisms to overcome AI sensitivity. Thus there is an urgent need for newer treatment modalities. Combination of endocrine and non endocrine agents that block these signaling pathways may prevent or delay the adaptive mechanism and thereby onset of resistance to hormonal therapy. In our study we have found that Fidarestat, an aldose reductase (enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step of glucose to fructose or sorbitol formation in polyol pathway) inhibitor effectively re-sensitize letrozole resistant LTLT-Ca breast cancer cells to letrozole. 1µM of fidarestat + 1uM letrozole was found very effective in inducing maximum cell death in LTLT-Ca cells when compared to fidarestat alone. The combination treatment not only restored ER-α levels but also down regulated HER2/MAPK signaling proteins. Aldose reductase siRNA (100nM)- treated MCF-7/Aro and MCF-7 cells upregulated ER-α in western blot and ER-functionality assays. On the other hand in aldose reductase-siRNA- treated LTLT-Ca cells, ER-α levels were down- regulated as in fidarestat treatment. Pretreatment of LTLT-Ca with fidarestat for one week showed reduced proliferation of cells and the effect was maintained until four passages with 1µM letrozole alone. Fidarestat treatment up-regulated E2-mediated transcription in LTLT-Ca cells. In order to enhance the efficacy and targeted delivery of fidarestat in LTLT–Ca cells we have used a nanoparticle-based therapeutic formulation. Folate receptor, highly expressed on epithelial carcinomas, could be a potential molecular target for tumor selective drug delivery. Physcio-chemically well characterized Fidarestat–folate nanoparticles (FFNP's) were prepared to increase the tumor selective intracellular delivery. FFNP's were found superior in exerting cytotoxicity when compared to fidarestat alone. Combination therapy was equally effective in controlling LTLT-Ca cell growth using xenograft model. Taken together, the increased glucose metabolism in LTLT-Ca cells may be critically contributing to chemotherapeutic resistance by increasing drug metabolism and decreasing uptake. Hence targeting aldose reductase in endocrine resistance may be attractive alternative to increase the sensitivity of hormonal therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 67.
Total Joint Replacement
Authors: William H. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Total Hip ReplacementTotal hip replacement, pioneered by Professor Sir John Charnley and introduced in 1962 with the materials currently in use, began the modern era of major joint reconstruction. Few surgical advances have so revolutionized a field. The three outstanding features of total hip replacement are the unusually high quality of the functional result obtained, the regularity with which a major human affliction can be successfully relieved, and the stimulus that this hip operation represents to develop similar replacement of other joints. Approximately 75,000 such operations are now done in this country annually.The severely damaged hip is replaced . . .
Presumptive Use of Bicarbonate in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Dan H. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with interest the editorial by Weisfeldt and Guerci<sup>1</sup>regarding the use of sodium bicarbonate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). I agree with their general assertion that sodium bicarbonate plays no major role in routine CPR. However, I do feel that in the case of the chronic dialysis patient who presents either in the field or to the emergency department with a life-threatening arrhythmia, that bicarbonate should almost invariably be one of the first drugs used. As the authors mention, sodium bicarbonate is used for potential hyperkalemia. Commonly, we see patients who have had a long weekend of 3 days or so, who are volume overloaded, hyperkalemic, and acidotic who either arrest at home, on the way to the hospital, or shortly after presenting to the emergency department or the dialysis unit. In my experience, mere CPR is invariably not as successful as first giving the
Regulation of Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis by Thyroid Hormone in Vitro
Authors: Terry J. Smith, Yoshiharu Murata, Allen L. Horwitz, Louis Philipson, Samuel Refetoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Human skin fibroblasts synthesize and accumulate glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Recently, we reported that fibroblasts incubated in thyroid hormone-deficient media accumulate more GAG than do cultures incubated in the same media enriched with 0.1 μM triiodothyronine (T3) (1981. Endocrinology. 108: 2397). The current study characterizes that enhanced accumulation. Confluent cultures were maintained in thyroid hormone-deficient media without or with added T3, labeled with [3H]acetate and analyzed for total [3H]GAG and [3H]hyaluronic acid content.
A Clinical Lecture ON THE USE OF ELASTIC TRACTION AND ELASTIC PRESSURE IN SURGERY: Delivered at the Manchester Royal Infirmary
Authors: G. A. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1910)

ALTHOUGH it is probable that elastic traction had been applied to surgical purposes before the time of Barwell (1861), am not aware of any systematic attempt to employ it till that date.Barwell'so first paper was pub- lished in the Medico-Chiru~rgica1 Transaction.for 1861, and a siecond in 1863--Lewis Sayre in 1869 writes.(Treat- ment of Clubfoot) with approval of Barwell's,method of treating clubfoot, and again does so in the -later edition of 1874.In 1876, S-ayre, in his Orthopaediic BRwgery, describes the use of elastic traotion in cases of Acial paralysis.Traction was appied bya wire hooked into -the:mouth and, over the ear wit elastice between.The elastic traction was used as an accessory to gavanism.
Late-onset of IgE sensitization to microbial allergens in young children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: P.Y. Ong, R.M. Ferdman, J.A. Church
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Late‐onset of IgE sensitization to microbial allergens in young children with atopic dermatitis Get access P.Y. Ong, P.Y. Ong Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS# 75, Los Angeles, CA 90027, U.S.A. Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. Peck Y. Ong. E‐mail: pyong@chla.usc.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. Ferdman, R.M. Ferdman Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS# 75, Los Angeles, CA 90027, U.S.A. Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Church J.A. Church Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS# 75, Los Angeles, CA 90027, U.S.A. Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 1, 1 January 2010, Pages 159–161, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09501.x Published: 01 January 2010
The growing chronic disease burden in Europe: a role for respiratory health professionals?
Authors: Nadia Kamel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The European Respiratory Society (ERS) started its policy work in the field of chronic diseases with the development of the European Respiratory Roadmap [1] under the ERS President, Marc Decramer (2010–2011). The European Respiratory Roadmap was launched at a pre-ministerial conference in 2010, during the Belgian Presidency of the European Union (EU), and shortly afterwards the very first council conclusions on chronic diseases were adopted [2]. This is also when the start of a reflection process on chronic diseases, initiated by the European Commission, began [3].

So what are chronic diseases? There is no established definition. According to the World Health Organization, chronic diseases have a long duration and a slow progression [4]. Examples of major chronic diseases are: cardiovascular diseases (including stroke), cancer, respiratory diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases and liver diseases. Although chronic diseases are both very common (responsible for 86% of all deaths in the EU), and very costly, (responsible for up to 80% of all healthcare costs), they are also among the most preventable and can be effectively controlled [5, 6].

In a recent follow-up action, on December 10, 2013, the ERS launched the ERS/European Lung Foundation short policy-maker version of the European Lung White Book [7] the Lung Health in Europe: Facts & Figures [8], at the Brussels Press Club (Brussels, Belgium). The publication provides key facts and figures on the state of European lung health – and the dire state it is in – an estimated 600 000 people die every year in the EU from …
Treatment of the Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone with Furosemide
Authors: Guy Decaux, Yves Waterlot, Françoise Genette, Jean Mockel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

IN the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the basic water-restriction treatment1 , 2 can be difficult for the patient to endure. Demeclocycline3 or urea4 may then be tried. We treated a patient who had this syndrome without a known cause and who had symptomatic hyponatremia (seizures and confusion). He rapidly became intolerant to demeclocycline, and oral urea was contraindicated because of a history of severe peptic ulcer. Since intravenous furosemide with hypertonic saline is an efficient alternative for the rapid correction of hyponatremia in inappropriate secretion of ADH, 5 we treated the hyponatremia with long-term administration of oral furosemide; this . . .
A Strong Argument for Improving Access Without Delay
Authors: Leigh Neumayer
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Tetrahydrobiopterin as an Alternative Treatment for Mild Phenylketonuria
Authors: Ania C. Muntau, Wulf Röschinger, Matthias Habich, Hans Demmelmair, Björn Hoffmann, Christian P. Sommerhoff, Adelbert A. Roscher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Hyperphenylalaninemia is a common inherited metabolic disease that is due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, and at least half the affected patients have mild clinical phenotypes. Treatment with a low-phenylalanine diet represents a substantial psychosocial burden, but alternative treatments have not been effective.
The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in a child
Authors: H. B. C. Burmester, R. Hall, N. Munawer
Journal: Gut (1969)

The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was encountered in a boy aged 11 years who presented with a bulbar duodenal ulcer causing intractable pain and bleeding. The diagnosis was made by finding an overnight fasting gastric secretion of 1,300 ml containing 134 m-equiv/HCl, and little change of secretion after maximal histamine stimulus. A circumscribed non-beta islet cell pancreatic tumour was excised, with antrectomy. Postoperative acid secretion was normal and the boy was well after being followed up for 15 months. The diagnosis and management are discussed, as the view that total gastrectomy must be performed in all cases of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is questioned.
The Human T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma Virus in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Douglas W. Blayney
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) is a recently described RNA tumor virus associated with human T-cell malignant neoplasms. In two geographic areas, Japan and the Caribbean basin, clusters of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma are "sentinel diseases" and have suggested an underlying prevalence of HTLV infection in both family members of the index cases and in the population. Four cases of lymphoma from the United States are described as illustrative of the sentinel disease. Serological studies of families and of a small population sample suggest that HTLV infection is endemic in certain parts of the southeastern United States at rates similar to those seen in Caribbean blacks but at a lower rate than that observed in southwestern Japan.
Hydrodynamics of Aortic Blood Flow
Authors: EDWARD D. FREIS, WILLIAM C. HEATH
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

A thermistor was used to record the temperature at regular intervals across the aortic diameter of dogs during the continuous infusion of cold indicator solution at various upstream locations. The results showed that the indicator mixed across the greater part of the diameter of the aorta in the ascending portion and proximal half of the arch but maintained a more streamlined pattern in the distal portion of the arch and descending thoracic aorta. These observations were confirmed by cineangiography. When two thermistors were located in different positions in the aortic root, and when cold saline was injected suddenly in their vicinity, the temperatures recorded by the two thermistors equalized immediately following the onset of systole. Sound waves also were detected during the systolic interval in the ascending but not in the descending aorta. These findings are consistent with the presence of disturbed, but not necessarily turbulent flow in the ascending aorta; and with predominantly streamlined, but not necessarily completely laminar flow in the descending portion. The factors producing disturbed flow in the aortic root and the transition of flow to a more streamlined pattern in the descending portion are discussed in hydrodynamic terms. It is postulated that during systole the blood ejected into the aorta separates from a slower moving boundary layer near the walls and at the edges of the valve cusps. This separation produces disturbed flow and mixing in the entering jet. While the thin layer adjacent to the walls as well as stagnant areas behind the valves do not fully mix with the central stream, they represent a relatively small proportion of the total aortic blood flow. Additional mixing is produced by the prominent backflow in early diastole and by the branchings of the coronary and brachiocephalic arteries.
Spending cuts or higher taxes are needed to fund NHS in the next 50 years
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An ageing population will force Britain’s finances into a downward spiral of increasing debt, higher interest rates, and diminishing growth unless spending is cut further or taxes are raised, the Office for Budget Responsibility has concluded.

Rising health costs and low productivity growth in the NHS are two of the key factors underlying the calculations, which seek to estimate the extent to which government income and expenditure can be kept in balance over the next 50 years. Without substantial cuts in spending or increases in taxation, the gap will grow steadily wider. “This is clearly unsustainable” the office says in its Fiscal Sustainability Report for 2012.

To return public sector debt to the pre-financial crisis level of 40% of gross domestic product the government would need a permanent spending decrease or tax increases equal to 1.5% of gross domestic profit (GDP)—£22bn (€28bn; $34bn)—in 2016-7. …
Dentures and deep time
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The only thing I really remember about “Harold” was that he would keep his dentures in different sets of jars in the laboratory marked “Best Pair,” “Reasonable Pair,” and “Not So Good.” Quite often he would do without them altogether, and then he looked like Harold Steptoe from the 1970s UK television sitcom about rag and bone men.

Harold was not what you would call an inspirational teacher, but on this occasion he passed around a small black rock …
Population growth and the MDGs
Authors: M. Potts
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Smith calls for a coordinated campaign to instigate change and asks who will take the lead. 4Among medical students, this position is being taken up by Medsin's Global Health Advocacy Project (www.medsin.org/ghap). 5 This student group, whose annual conference last month attracted some 400 student delegates and included Lancet editor Richard Horton as a guest lecturer, forms a strong body of internationally aware future health professionals.GHAP members at various medical schools are writing to their course lecturers and authors of popular undergraduate