tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can prepregnancy care of diabetic women reduce the risk of abnormal babies?
Authors: J M Steel, F D Johnstone, D A Hepburn, A F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To see whether a prepregnancy clinic for diabetic women can achieve tight glycaemic control in early pregnancy and so reduce the high incidence of major congenital malformation that occurs in the infants of these women. DESIGN--An analysis of diabetic control in early pregnancy including a record of severe hypoglycaemic episodes in relation to the occurrence of major congenital malformation among the infants. SETTING--A diabetic clinic and a combined diabetic and antenatal clinic of a teaching hospital. PATIENTS--143 Insulin dependent women attending a prepregnancy clinic and 96 insulin dependent women managed over the same period who had not received specific prepregnancy care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--The incidence of major congenital malformation. RESULTS--Compared with the women who were not given specific prepregnancy care the group who attended the prepregnancy clinic had a lower haemoglobin AI concentration in the first trimester (8.4% v 10.5%), a higher incidence of hypoglycaemia in early pregnancy (38/143 women v 8/96), and fewer infants with congenital abnormalities (2/143 v 10/96; relative risk among women not given specific prepregnancy care 7.4 (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 33.2]. CONCLUSION--Tight control of the maternal blood glucose concentration in the early weeks of pregnancy can be achieved by the prepregnancy clinic approach and is associated with a highly significant reduction in the risk of serious congenital abnormalities in the offspring. Hypoglycaemic episodes do not seem to lead to fetal malformation even when they occur during the period of organogenesis.
Otolaryngology, vol 1: Basic Sciences and Related Disciplines; vol 2: Ear; vol 3: Head and Neck
Authors: Werner D. Chasin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This newest comprehensive textbook of otolaryngology compares in its large scope with two other large works currently available—the Scott-Groves four-volume set and the Maloney five-volume loose-leaf set. Of the three, the Paparella and Shumrick is the most up to date and the most pleasingly published work. It is beautifully illustrated, readable, and contains useful bibliographies. The publishers have intended this new work to replace the older<i>Diseases of the Nose, Throat, and Ear</i>, by Jackson and Jackson. It would have been appropriate to include at least some of the classic chapters by the doctors Jackson on laryngology and bronchoesophagology. Volume 1, dealing with the basic sciences, serves admirably its purpose of extracting from general medicine, surgery, pediatrics, communication disorders, anatomy, and other relevant fields those principles that are required grounding of the modern, well-educated otolaryngologist. The basic science volume of Scott-Groves is the only other such work available. Either one
Effect of glucocorticosteroids on epidermal Langerhans cells.
Authors: D V Belsito, T J Flotte, H W Lim, R L Baer, G J Thorbecke, I Gigli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The effects of topical and systemic administration of various glucocorticoids on the density of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) were studied in guinea pigs. Glucocorticoids, such as betamethasone dipropionate and valerate, caused a marked decrease in LC demonstrable by staining for cell membrane ATPase activity and Ia antigens. By electronmicroscopy, LC also showed morphologic alterations. The observed decrements in LC density correlated with the concentration and known vasoconstrictive potency of the glucocorticoids administered. The anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids in skin disorders may, at least in part, be through their ability to alter epidermal LC, thus interfering with the antigen-presenting functions of these cells.
Corrigendum to: ‘ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012’ [Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14: 803–869]
Authors: J.J.V. McMurray, S. Adamopoulos, S.D. Anker, A. Auricchio, M. Böhm, K. Dickstein, V. Falk, G. Filippatos, C. Fonseca, M.A. Gomez‐Sanchez, T. Jaarsma, L. Køber, G.Y.H. Lip, A.P. Maggioni, A. Parkhomenko, B.M. Pieske, B.A. Popescu, P.K. Rønnevik, F.H. Rutten, J. Schwitter, P. Seferovic, J. Stepinska, P.T. Trindade, A.A. Voors, F. Zannad, A. Zeiher
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Noninvasive Imaging of Early Venous Thrombosis by <sup>19</sup> F Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Targeted Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions
Authors: Sebastian Temme, Christoph Grapentin, Christine Quast, Christoph Jacoby, Maria Grandoch, Zhaoping Ding, Christoph Owenier, Friederike Mayenfels, Jens W. Fischer, Rolf Schubert, Jürgen Schrader, Ulrich Flögel
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Noninvasive detection of deep venous thrombi and subsequent pulmonary thromboembolism is a serious medical challenge, since both incidences are difficult to identify by conventional ultrasound techniques.Here, we report a novel technique for the sensitive and specific identification of developing thrombi using background-free 19F magnetic resonance imaging, together with α2-antiplasmin peptide (α2AP)-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) as contrast agent, which is cross-linked to fibrin by active factor XIII. Ligand functionality was ensured by mild coupling conditions using the sterol-based postinsertion technique. Developing thrombi with a diameter<0.8 mm could be visualized unequivocally in the murine inferior vena cava as hot spots in vivo by simultaneous acquisition of anatomic matching 1H and 19F magnetic resonance images at 9.4 T with both excellent signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios (71±22 and 17±5, respectively). Furthermore, α2AP-PFCs could be successfully applied for the diagnosis of experimentally induced pulmonary thromboembolism. In line with the reported half-life of factor XIIIa, application of α2AP-PFCs>60 minutes after thrombus induction no longer resulted in detectable 19F magnetic resonance imaging signals. Corresponding results were obtained in ex vivo generated human clots. Thus, α2AP-PFCs can visualize freshly developed thrombi that might still be susceptible to pharmacological intervention.Our results demonstrate that 1H/19F magnetic resonance imaging, together with α2AP-PFCs, is a sensitive, noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombi and pulmonary thromboemboli. Furthermore, ligand coupling by the sterol-based postinsertion technique represents a unique platform for the specific targeting of PFCs for in vivo 19F magnetic resonance imaging.
Liability for Prenatal Injuries
Authors: D. N. Malone
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —My colleague and I were astounded and dismayed to read R. P. Bergen's article on liability for prenatal injuries, published in The Journal (182:178 (Oct 13) 1962.)Litigation, especially in the US, is an ever-increasing hazard to the practise of medicine, but this recent court ruling appears to be approaching the absurd. It would now seem that the medical profession must rely on the courts to establish the cause of diseases, and I am most grateful to the court for informing me that maternal anemia during pregnancy is a probable cause of cerebral palsy. I have always been of the opinion that the cause of this disease is as yet unknown, though many contributory factors have been implicated.It may be that I have misunderstood the court's reason for awarding judgment against the physician, since I am not in full possession of the facts of the
THE EFFECT OF PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, COLCHICINE, URETHANE, AND NITROGEN MUSTARD ON THE RESPIRATION OF NORMAL AND SUPRARENALECTOMIZED RAT LYMPHATIC TISSUE
Authors: Zelma Baker Miller, Clarke Davison, Paul K. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The injection of podophyllotoxin, colchicine, and a nitrogen mustard derivative, methyl-bis(beta-chloroethyl)amine, into normal animals causes a reduction of the respiration of the lymphatic tissues, spleen, and/or thymus. No effect was demonstrable on kidney, a representative tissue of non-lymphatic origin. The degree of inhibition was considerably less in suprarenalectomized animals, suggesting that the inhibition is mediated by the suprarenal gland.
A Guide to the Diseases of the Nose and Throat and Their Treatment.
Authors: Charles Arthur Parker
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Procurement of Cadaveric Kidneys for Transplantation
Authors: WAYNE C. WALTZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Kidney transplantation is safe, cost-effective, and beneficial for patients with end-stage renal disease. The number of patients who can receive transplants is severely limited by the availability of donor organs. Because most patients do not have a suitable living, related donor, transplant programs now rely on the use of cadaveric kidneys. Proper selection and management of cadaveric donors, coupled with the legal recognition of brain death, has now given this source of organs primary importance in the treatment of end-stage renal disease. To balance the number of transplants done and the number of patients maintained on dialysis, increased recognition and participation by both physicians and the public are needed to maximize cadaveric organ procurement.
HIV TAT Peptide Modifies the Distribution of DNA Nanolipoparticles Following Convection-enhanced Delivery
Authors: J Andrew MacKay, Weijun Li, Zhaohua Huang, Edward E Dy, Grace Huynh, Tarik Tihan, Rodney Collins, Dennis F Deen, Francis C Szoka
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

We evaluated gene transfer using PEGylated bioresponsive nanolipid particles (NLPs) containing plasmid DNA administered by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) into orthotopically implanted U87-MG tumors in rat brain. We hypothesized that attachment of the human immunodeficiency virus trans-acting transcriptional activator peptide (TATp) to pH-sensitive, reduction-sensitive NLPs would increase gene transfer. TATp was attached either directly to a phospholipid (TATp-lipid) or via a 2-kd polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a lipid (TATp-PEG-lipid). Incorporation of 0.3 mol% TATp-PEG into pH-sensitive NLPs improved transfection 100,000-fold compared to NLPs in culture. In the brain or implanted tumors, the TATp-PEG restricted NLP convection to regions adjacent to the infusion catheter. Gene transfer in the brain from TATp-PEG NLPs, measured by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, was substantially greater than from NLPs adjacent to the catheter. Gene transfer using TATp-PEG NLPs, measured by luciferase expression, was 8-12-fold greater than from a 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane/cholesterol cationic lipoplex but 13-27-fold less than from the NLPs. Brain luciferase expression was localized in perivascular macrophages. Thus a cationic ligand, such as the TATp-PEG-lipid, can dramatically increase gene expression in culture, in the normal brain, and in implanted tumors; however, restriction of NLP distribution to the vicinity of the infusion catheter reduces the absolute level of gene transfer.
College of General Practitioners — Fifty Years of Medicine — Discovery of Penicillin — Postscript
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE most constructive suggestions for calling a halt to the lowering of status of general practice that has been evident in this country for the last few years are contained in the Report of the General Practice Steering Committee (1952) recently published in the British Medical Journal. 1 The Committee consisted of a group of general practitioners and a number of specialists under the chairmanship of Mr. H. U. Willink, a former minister of health. The Committee accepted the American Academy of General Practice's definition of a general practitioner as "a legally qualified doctor of medicine who does not limit his . . .
TCT-623 Efficacy of Additional Ballooning with a Dual Wire Balloon After Rotational Atherectomy to Expand the Drug-Eluting Stent for Heavily Calcified Coronary Lesions
Authors: Ryuichi Kato, Toshihiro Nozato, Kaoru Sakurai, Junko Ito, Takanori Tahara, Yasuhiro Satoh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Activation of direct and indirect pathways of glycogen synthesis by hepatic overexpression of protein targeting to glycogen
Authors: Robert M. O’Doherty, Per B. Jensen, Paul Anderson, John G. Jones, Hal K. Berman, Denise Kearney, Christopher B. Newgard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Glycogen-targeting subunits of protein phosphatase-1, such as protein targeting to glycogen (PTG), direct the phosphatase to the glycogen particle, where it stimulates glycogenesis. We have investigated the metabolic impact of overexpressing PTG in liver of normal rats. After administration of PTG cDNA in a recombinant adenovirus, animals were fasted or allowed to continue feeding for 24 hours. Liver glycogen was nearly completely depleted in fasted control animals, whereas glycogen levels in fasted or fed PTG-overexpressing animals were 70% higher than in fed controls. Nevertheless, transgenic animals regulated plasma glucose, triglycerides, FFAs, ketones, and insulin normally in the fasted and fed states. Fasted PTG-overexpressing animals receiving an oral bolus of [U-13C]glucose exhibited a large increase in hepatic glycogen content and a 70% increase in incorporation of [13C]glucose into glycogen. However, incorporation of labeled glucose accounted for only a small portion of the glycogen synthesized in PTG-overexpressing animals, consistent with our earlier finding that PTG promotes glycogen synthesis from gluconeogenic precursors. We conclude that hepatic PTG overexpression activates both direct and indirect pathways of glycogen synthesis. Because of its ability to enhance glucose storage without affecting other metabolic indicators, the glycogen-targeting subunit may prove valuable in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetes.
Parathyroid hormone production and malignancy.
Authors: R A Melick, T J Martin, J D Hicks
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The applicability of the criteria currently used for the con- ventional Hollander test (Hollander, 1946) and the definition of new criteria are at present being evaluated.We are grateful to Professor A. P. M. Forrest for his encourage- ment in the development of this test, to Dr. I. Percy Robb for his
Nonossifying Fibroma can Mimic Residual Lymphoma in FDG PET: Additional Value of Combined PET/CT
Authors: Christian von Falck, Herbert Rosenthal, Klaus F. Gratz, Michael Galanski
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 12-year-old girl was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and underwent conventional cross-sectional imaging for initial staging. Chemotherapy was given according to standard pediatric protocols. At the end of therapy, an F-18 FDG PET/CT examination was performed to evaluate the therapeutic response. The scan demonstrated focal uptake of FDG in the right distal femur and residual lymphoma was taken into consideration. However, findings in the coregistered CT scan were consistent with nonossfiying fibroma, a common benign skeletal lesion. Combined PET/CT imaging can be helpful to identify benign bone lesions mimicking metastatic or residual disease in F-18 FDG PET as illustrated by this case.
Right Gastroepiploic-to-Coronary Artery Bypass
Authors: John Pym, Peter Brown, Mary Pearson, John Parker
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The right gastroepiploic artery was first used by us as a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in June 1984 and has become an accepted alternative conduit for myocardial revascularization. Methods and Results We have now performed this operation in 126 patients (111 of whom were men) aged 32 to 78 years. The right gastroepiploic artery was used as a pedicle graft to the right main coronary artery in 25 patients, to its posterior descending branch in 90, to a left ventricular branch in 2, to branches of the circumflex system in 6, and to the left anterior descending artery in 1. Free (aortocoronary) gastroepiploic grafts were placed to circumflex branches in 2 patients. There were 2 hospital deaths (stroke, arrhythmia), and mean±SD postoperative stay was 7.5±2.0 days. All survivors were symptomatically improved and are functionally in New York Heart Association functional class I or II. There have been 3 late deaths (at 34, 50, and 84 months) in 2 to 120 months of follow-up (mean, 41.4 months). Angiography of bypass grafts and coronary arteries was performed in 44 patients at 7 days to 80 months postoperatively, providing direct evidence of gastroepiploic graft patency in 34 patients and strong indirect evidence in another 6; adequate data could not be obtained in 3 patients for technical reasons, and 1 graft was occluded. Conclusions These short-term, intermediate, and long-term results demonstrate the suitability of the right gastroepiploic artery as a CABG. The use of the right gastroepiploic artery as a graft to coronary arteries on the posterior wall of the heart, in conjunction with one or both internal mammary arteries, has the potential to allow complete myocardial revascularization with viable arterial grafts.
Mitral Valve Repair for Medically Refractory Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease and Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Satoshi Kainuma, Kazuhiro Taniguchi, Takashi Daimon, Taichi Sakaguchi, Toshihiro Funatsu, Shigeru Miyagawa, Haruhiko Kondoh, Koji Takeda, Yasuhiro Shudo, Takafumi Masai, Mitsuru Ohishi, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Information regarding patient selection for mitral valve repair for chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with severe heart failure (HF) as well as outcome is limited.We classified 208 patients with advanced HF symptoms (Stage C/D) undergoing mitral valve repair for functional mitral regurgitation into 3 groups: estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (control group, n=144); estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2), not dependent on hemodialysis (late chronic kidney disease group, n=45), and ESRD on hemodialysis (ESRD group, n=19; preoperative hemodialysis duration 83 ± 92 months). Follow-up was completed with a mean duration of 49 ± 25 months. Postoperative (1-month) cardiac catheterization showed that left ventricular end-systolic volume index decreased from 109 ± 38 to 79 ± 41, 103 ± 31 to 81 ± 31, and 123 ± 40 to 76 ± 34 mL/m(2), in the control, late chronic kidney disease, and ESRD groups, respectively. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased, whereas cardiac index increased in all groups with no intergroup differences for those postoperative values. Freedom from mortality and HF readmission at 5 years was 18% ± 7% in late chronic kidney disease (P<0.0001 versus control, P=0.01 versus ESRD), and 64% ± 12% in ESRD (P=1 versus control) as compared with 52% ± 5% in the control group (median event-free survival, 26, 67, and 63 months, respectively).Mitral valve repair for medically refractory functional mitral regurgitation in patients with advanced HF yielded improvements in left ventricular function and hemodynamics irrespective of preoperative renal function status. Patients with ESRD showed favorable late outcome in terms of freedom from mortality and readmission for HF as compared with those with late chronic kidney disease. Further studies are needed to assess the survival benefits of mitral valve repair in patients with ESRD and advanced HF.
Questioning behaviour in general practice: a pragmatic study
Authors: A R. Barrie, A. M Ward
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To study the extent to which general practitioners9 questioning behaviour in routine practice is likely to encourage the adoption of evidence based medicine. <b>Design:</b> Self recording of questions by doctors during consultations immediately followed by semistructured interview. <b>Setting:</b> Urban Australian general practice. <b>Subjects:</b> Random sample of 27 general practitioners followed over a half day of consultations. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Rate of recording of clinical questions about patients9 care which doctors would like answered; frequency with which doctors found answers to their questions. <b>Results:</b> Doctors asked a total of 85 clinical questions, at a rate of 2.4 for every 10 patients seen. They found satisfactory answers to 67 (79%) of these questions. Doctors who worked in small practices (of one or two doctors) had a significantly lower rate of questioning than did those in larger practices (1.6 questions per 10 patients <i>v</i> 3.0 patients, P=0.049). No other factors were significantly related to rate of questioning. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results do not support the view that doctors routinely generate a large number of unanswered clinical questions. It may be necessary to promote questioning behaviour in routine practice if evidence based medicine and other forms of self directed learning are to be successfully introduced. <h3>Key messages</h3> Doctors9 abilities to formulate questions about their need for medical information in routine practice has been little studied and may be poorly developed We found that general practitioners asked clinical questions at a rate of 2.4 questions every 10 consultations and that doctors in small practices (one or two doctors) asked fewer questions The doctors found answers to most of their questions using easily available sources of information If evidence based medicine and other forms of self directed learning are to make substantial contributions to health care, factors which affect doctors9 questioning behaviour need to be identified and ameliorated
Does a focus on universals represent a new trend in word recognition?
Authors: Laurie Beth Feldman, Fermín Moscoso del Prado Martín
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Comparisons across languages have long been a means to investigate universal properties of the cognitive system. Although differences between languages may be salient, it is the underlying similarities that have advanced our understanding of language processing. Frost is not unique in emphasizing that the interaction among linguistic codes reinforces the inadequacy of constructing a model of word recognition where orthographic processes operate in isolation.