tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Present Status of Digitalis Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JOEL S. KARLINER, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The available experimental and clinical data still leave many unanswered questions concerning the role of digitalis therapy after acute myocardial infarction. It seems clear that little is to be gained by glycoside administration to patients with uncomplicated infarctions who do not have cardiomegaly. The precise role of digitalis therapy in the treatment of cardiogenic shock remains undefined on the basis of the available data. However, until evidence to the contrary appears, its use should be continued on the basis of experience with experimental cardiogenic shock and the presumption that this state, when observed clinically, is a form of extreme left ventricular failure. Digitalis appears to be indicated in the treatment of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate complicating acute myocardial infarction. Other supraventricular arrhythmias, such as atrial flutter and ectopic atrial tachycardia, frequently require larger doses of the glycoside, and other means of therapy, such as antiarrhythmic agents or electrical conversion, may be preferable in such instances. Digitalis is commonly utilized early in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiomegaly complicating acute myocardial infarction, despite the paucity of experimental and clinical evidence in support of such therapy. Whether the digitalis glycosides should continue to be used routinely in such patients is an important subject for clinical investigation.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Heart
Authors: CLYDE O. HURST, GERALD FINE, JOHN W. KEYES
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A case is reported of coronary atherosclerosis leading to myocardial infarction of the left ventricle and rupture of the left lateral posterior wall with limitation of the hemorrhage by fibrotic parietal pericardium. Formation of the false aneurysm allowed the patient to survive 5 years and 10 months after it was clinically recognized.
Image guided diagnosis and treatment to prevent incontinence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: H. U. Ahmed, M. Emberton
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Men with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy report decisional regret and that they would accept incontinence only if treatment led to 28 additional months’ survival beyond 12 years.1 2 However, surgery carries little to no survival benefit over that period. Doherty and Almallah suggest that the best way to mitigate this …
To Err With Air
Authors: Milo Harris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Relative to Dr. Hartzell's communication "To Err With Air" in the Feb 8, 1964, issue (<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>:455) and the discussion in the May 25, 1964, issue (<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>:762), it seems to me that all the discussants have missed the point. The question comes up, what is a radiologist? Is he a true consultant, ie, are patients referred to him with certain details of the clinical findings and an outline of the problem, his opinion to be submitted as a report to the referring physician? Or is he a glorified super radiographer making a series of films to be submitted to the physician with a report which may be ignored? As a consultant, the radiologist is justified in using any method of examination he desires, including fluoroscopy with adequate palpation, double contrast studies, high voltage techniques, or a combination of any of these. At any rate,
Testing for Drugs
Authors: Kenneth Alonso
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Analyses of blood, urine, and other specimens for controlled substances, as well as therapeutic agents, have proved valuable both as patient management and as law enforcement tools. In Georgia, 2% of all samples obtained from those arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs demonstrate levels of cocaine or one of its metabolites, which suggests recent use. Furthermore, 40% of all samples obtained also demonstrate the presence of cannabinoids. Of the 10,000 specimens tested, only 2% had no alcohol or other drugs detected in them.<sup>1</sup>This office recently reviewed the effect of prescription drugs on driving performance.<sup>2</sup>The drug identification methods employed are well documented.<sup>3</sup> For example, in Georgia, the demonstration of alcohol or other drugs is taken as a<i>rebuttable</i>presumption that the accused is impaired.<sup>4</sup>The courts have adopted a "less safe" test: "a person is under the
State-of-Art Drug Identification Laboratories Play Increasing Role in Major Athletic Events
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1986)

WHEN ATHLETES GATHER next summer in Indianapolis for the Pan-American Games, which are often seen as a preview of the Olympic Games, the Sports Medicine Drug Identification Laboratory at Indiana University Medical Center in Indianapolis will offer a first look at a new state-of-the-art facility that can strike fear into the heart of any athlete who has been experimenting with banned substances. At the 1983 Pan-American Games in Caracas, Venezuela, the disqualifications and withdrawals from competition that occurred when it became obvious that the laboratories could indeed discern who was using drugs marred the image of the event and [ill]ocused attention on the issue of drug use by amateur athletes. (Because many athletes feel they all have been unfairly tarred with the brush of drug use, it should be noted that the actual prevalence detected in Caracas was about 5%, as opposed to the 1% prevalence at the 1984 Olympic
How the Proposed Drug Regulation Reform Act Will Discourage the Search for New Drugs
Authors: Robert L. Dean
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

There is much about the Drug Regulation Reform Act of 1978 that can be improved, but I will confine my comments to the disincentives that it would create for the research and development of new drugs in this country. I don't think anybody questions that there are such disincentives in the provisions of the bill. But are they important? Do they outweigh the advantages the bill provides the public?The pharmaceutical industry thinks the disincentives are important. These disincentives have their origin in four provisions of the bill. The first is revealing all the safety and efficacy data created by . . .
Cystic Fibrosis Gene Mutation in Two Sisters with Mild Disease and Normal Sweat Electrolyte Levels
Authors: Theresa V. Strong, Lisa S. Smit, Steven V. Turpin, Jeffery L. Cole, Catherine Tom Hon, Danuta Markiewicz, Thomas L. Petty, Michael W. Craig, Edward C. Rosenow, Lap-Chee Tsui, Michael C. Iannuzzi, Michael R. Knowles, Francis S. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

CYSTIC fibrosis is the most common fatal recessive disease in whites. In the past the diagnosis has been based on the presence of lung disease, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and increased sweat electrolyte concentrations.1 Patients with cystic fibrosis have well-defined abnormalities in epithelial tissue, including defective cyclic AMP—mediated regulation of chloride channels and an increased transepithelial potential difference, which reflects increased sodium absorption and decreased chloride permeability.2 3 4 5 6 The raised sweat chloride values that result from impaired reabsorption of salt in the sweat ducts have been exploited in the pilocarpine iontophoresis test, the cornerstone of diagnosis since 1959.7 Although the vast majority . . .
The role of photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the treatment of children with severe atopic dermatitis and short stature
Authors: F. Carabott, D.J. Atherton, Mary Glover, J.L.M. Hawk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article The role of photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the treatment of children with severe atopic dermatitis and short stature Get access F. Carabott, F. Carabott St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Atherton, D.J. Atherton The Hospital for Sick Children, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mary Glover, Mary Glover St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L.M. Hawk J.L.M. Hawk St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Pages 14–15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb11994.x Published: 01 June 1987
RECIPROCAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE HEALTH OFFICER AND OTHER PUBLIC OFFICIALS
Authors: OSCAR DOWLING
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our social organization may be aptly compared to an intricate mechanical device, the efficient function of which depends on the coordination of its component parts. It is true that a machine and society are actuated differently; on the one hand, we have a controllable physical force as the<i>vis a tergo</i>; on the other, the physical plus the intangible psychic impulse. Theoretically, society should function smoothly; as a fact, society is not a perfect organization, nor will it ever be. It is an expression of the public ideals, and it changes with the changing concepts and standards of the public mind. "The old order changeth, giving place to new." Among the public officials whose duty it is to strengthen and improve the social order there are few on whom the responsibility rests so heavily as on the health officer. We have arrived at the understanding that health is fundamental. This
Philippines faces expanding HIV epidemic, shows research
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2010)

We performed functional MRI (FMRI) in 22 consecutive epilepsy patients undergoing intracarotid amobarbital (Wada) testing and compared language lateralization measures obtained with the two procedures.FMRI used a single-word semantic decision task previously shown to activate lateralized language areas in normal adults. Correlation between the two tests was highly significant (r equals 0.96; 95% CIs 0.90 to 0.98; p less than 0.0001). These results validate the FMRI technique and suggest that ``active99 areas observed with this semantic processing task correspond to those underlying hemispheric dominance for language. The strong correlation observed supports the view that language lateralization is a continuous rather than a dichotomous variable. In addition to lateralization information, FMRI consistently demonstrated focal regions of activity in lateral frontal and temporo-parieto-occipital cortex. These functional maps may be helpful in defining the boundaries of surgical excisions. <b>NEUROLOGY 1996;46: </b> 978-984.
THE POETICAL TEMPERAMENT, AND FACULTY
Authors: Ezekiel Bacon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1845)

the foregoing account we find added, that M. Blaquiere who communicated it to the Academy, "considers it fatal to phrenological doctrines, as the seat of' several important phrenokgical faculties was destroyed, and yet no functional lesion whatever of the brain was observed."We do not concur in this opinion of M. B., though we consider the case a remarkable one.It is scarcely more fatal to phrenological doctrines than to the well established doctrine, that the brain is the organ of the mind.The portion of the gray substance of the brain injured by the ball, was evidently very small-and therefore the seat of several important phrenological faculties was not destroyed; besides, we do not learn that the same portion of each hemisphere was injured.
John Hilton Edwards
Authors: Caroline Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Geneticist who recognised trisomy 18 (Edwards' syndrome) and the usefulness of chorionic villus sampling John Edwards, professor of genetics at Birmingham and Oxford, contributed to every aspect of his subject-in population, cytology, and trisomy studies, as well as radiation, blood group, and linkage studies.He developed a research tool, the Oxford grid, for mapping homologies between genetic sequences in different species.He recognised trisomy 18 in stillborn and abnormal babies-the condition named after him.He reported a series of 20 cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a rare genetic disease.He also suggested that placental sampling, introduced to detect Rhesus negative babies, should also be used to detect chromosome abnormalities.His expertise in mathematics, statistics, and computer programming contributed to this.Edwards was born in London, the son of a surgeon.He didn't learn to read until he was 9, because he was rarely read to, which he later said gave him time to think.After qualifying in 1952 he did his national service in the Artists Rifles, part of the territorial SAS, where he learnt to parachute.He followed this with nine months as ship's doctor and make-do dentist on a scientific research ship, the John Biscoe, voyaging round the south Atlantic and Antarctic.On his return he was found to have pulmonary tuberculosis.He spent the ensuing bed rest teaching himself statistical methods.After his recovery he spent three years in training posts in general medicine, neurology, pathology, and psychiatry.In 1956 he joined Birmingham University, where he was to spend 27 years.He started as lecturer in the social medicine department in the Institute of Child Health and rose to professor of human genetics, heading a new department of clinical genetics.During his first year there, placental sampling was introduced nationally and he suggested in a letter in the Lancet that it could be used for genetic screening.He took leave from Birmingham to spend
β-Adrenergic Blockade for Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser, William H. Frishman, Curt D. Furberg, William T. Friedewald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE β-adrenoceptor antagonists have been shown to be both safe and effective for the treatment of systemic hypertension, arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, thyrotoxicosis, and open-angle glaucoma, and for prophylaxis against migraine headache.1 Recent clinical trials with one to four years of active treatment have demonstrated that some orally active β-blockers can reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 On the basis of the results of the Norwegian Multicenter Study10 and the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial11 in North America, the Food and Drug Administration has recently approved two nonselective β-blockers, timolol maleate (Blocadren) and . . .
Comprehensive care of patients with head injuries.
Authors: G Brocklehurst, M Gooding, G James
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The comprehensive head injury service run by the neurosurgeons at the Hull Royal Infirmary for the surrounding population of one million was analysed. The analysis showed that all patients with either a fractured skull or a lowered level of consciousness should be admitted to a district general hospital because the associated risk of their having a major head injury is over 20%. Those patients with both a fractured skull and a lowered level of consciousness have a 60% likelihood of a major head injury and should be transferred immediately to the neurosurgical unit. Patients with compound or complicated fractures of the skull and those without fractured skulls but with neurological impairment persisting for four hours or more, should also be transferred to the neurosurgical unit. If these guidelines are followed about 200 patients/million population will be referred to the neurosurgical centre. Patients with a minor head injury and none of the clinical risk factors may safely be sent home. This should reduce the rate of admissions to hospital for head injuries by 60%.
Oh, for a little humanity
Authors: S. Magnusson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Not many laughs this last fortnight. I went to visit a close friend in a hospital near London who had recently had a breast lump and her lymph glands removed. I found her curled like a fetus on her bed in one of those grim wards that seem positively designed to make you feel ill.

I was shocked by how utterly drained and beaten she looked. She had been home since the operation and had sounded quite perky on the telephone. Yet after being in this hospital for only a couple of days she looked finished.

Physically, it transpired, she was feeling not too bad; emotionally she was wrecked. Two days before, still weak from the operation, she had been invited to turn up at 10 00 am to learn the results of a scan. She waited all day. At 6 00 pm she was told that she had cancer of the liver and four small brain tumours. She seemed to have no idea what the treatment would be, whether it was worth having, what her options were, where she would have it, what the effects might be. To just about all of the hundred and one questions I asked her, she said: “I don't know.”

“Haven't you asked the doctor?” I kept saying. Oh, she had tried. But he was so dry, so distant, always in such a hurry. It wasn't that he was rude, exactly, just that he never looked her in the eye, never seemed to speak directly to her, just barked questions at the nurse over her head, and grunted in reply.

“I kept trying to focus on the right question, but the next minute he was gone. In and out like a whirlwind. It happens every time I see him. I get so confused. He …
Perinatal transmission of HIV-I in Zambia.
Authors: S. K. Hira, J. Kamanga, G. J. Bhat, C. Mwale, G. Tembo, N. Luo, P. L. Perine
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the occurrence of vertical transmission of HIV-I from women positive for the virus and the prognosis for their babies. DESIGN--Women presenting in labour were tested for HIV-I. Their newborn babies were also tested. Women positive for the virus were followed up with their babies for two years. SETTING--Teaching hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. SUBJECTS--1954 Women, of whom 227 were seropositive. Of 205 babies, 192 were positive for HIV-I. After birth 109 seropositive mothers and their babies and 40 seronegative mothers and their babies were available for follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Serological examination of mothers and their babies by western blotting. Birth weight and subsequent survival of babies. Women and babies were tested over two years for signs of seroconversion and symptoms of infection with HIV, AIDS related complex, and AIDS. RESULTS--Of the 109 babies born to seropositive mothers and available for follow up, 18 died before 8 months, 14 with clinical AIDS. Of the 91 remaining, 23 were seropositive at 8 months. By 24 months 23 of 86 surviving babies were seropositive, and a further five infected babies had died, four were terminally ill, 17 had AIDS related complex, and two had no symptoms. The overall rate of perinatal transmission was 42 out of 109 (39%). The overall mortality of infected children at 2 years was 19 out of 42 (44%). Before the age of 1 year infected children had pneumonia and recurrent coughs, thereafter symptoms included failure to thrive, recurrent diarrhoea and fever, pneumonia, candidiasis, and lymphodenopathy. All babies had received live attenuated vaccines before 8 months with no adverse affects. CONCLUSIONS--Vertical transmission from infected mothers to their babies is high in Zambia and prognosis is poor for the babies. Perinatal transmission and paediatric AIDS must be reduced, possibly by screening young women and counselling those positive for HIV-I against future pregnancy.
Certain Gene Variants Associated with Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased activity of guanosine 3′-5′-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase in the renal tissue of cirrhotic rats with ascites
Authors: Paolo Angeli, Wladimiro Jiménez, Rosalia Veggian, Silvano Fasolato, Roberta Volpin, Harald S. MacHenzie, Raffaella Craighero, Virna Dalla Libera, Antonietta Sticca, Vicente Arroyo, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

A possible defect of guanosine 3′-5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) content in the renal tissue caused by an increased activity of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) has, so far, not been evaluated in the pathogenesis of renal resistance to endogenous natriuretic peptides (ENP) in cirrhosis with ascites. To test this hypothesis the activity of cGMP-PDE and the concentration of cGMP were evaluated in vitro in the renal tissue of 10 control rats and 10 cirrhotic rats with ascites before and after the intravenous (IV) administration of Zaprinast (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), a specific cGMP-PDE inhibitor (30 μg/kg/min). Moreover, the effects of the intravenous administration of Zaprinast (15 μg/kg/min and 30 μg/kg/min) on renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urinary sodium excretion (U Na V) were evaluated in 10 conscious control rats and 10 conscious cirrhotic rats with ascites. The effects of Zaprinast on plasma renin activity (PRA) was also evaluated in 10 control rats and in 10 cirrhotic rats with ascites. Finally, the effect of Zaprinast on RPF, GFR, and U Na V were evaluated in 10 cirrhotic rats after the IV administration of the ENP-receptor antagonist, HS-142-1. The renal content of cGMP was reduced in cirrhotic rats because of increased activity of cGMP-PDE. Zaprinast inhibited cGMP-PDE activity and increased the renal content of cGMP in these animals. The inhibition of cGMP-PDE was associated with an increase in RPF, GFR, and U Na V and a reduction in PRA. HS-142-1 prevented any renal effect of Zaprinast in cirrhotic rats. In conclusion, an increased activity of the cGMP-PDE in renal tissue contributes to the renal resistance to ENP in cirrhosis with ascites.