tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonemergency PCI at Hospitals with or without On-Site Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Alice K. Jacobs, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Joseph M. Massaro, Donald E. Cutlip, Joseph P. Carrozza, Anthony D. Marks, Nancy Murphy, Iyah K. Romm, Madeleine Biondolillo, Laura Mauri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Emergency surgery has become a rare event after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether having cardiac-surgery services available on-site is essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes during and after PCI remains uncertain.We enrolled patients with indications for nonemergency PCI who presented at hospitals in Massachusetts without on-site cardiac surgery and randomly assigned these patients, in a 3:1 ratio, to undergo PCI at that hospital or at a partner hospital that had cardiac surgery services available. A total of 10 hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery and 7 with on-site cardiac surgery participated. The coprimary end points were the rates of major adverse cardiac events--a composite of death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, or stroke--at 30 days (safety end point) and at 12 months (effectiveness end point). The primary end points were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle and were tested with the use of multiplicative noninferiority margins of 1.5 (for safety) and 1.3 (for effectiveness).A total of 3691 patients were randomly assigned to undergo PCI at a hospital without on-site cardiac surgery (2774 patients) or at a hospital with on-site cardiac surgery (917 patients). The rates of major adverse cardiac events were 9.5% in hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery and 9.4% in hospitals with on-site cardiac surgery at 30 days (relative risk, 1.00; 95% one-sided upper confidence limit, 1.22; P<0.001 for noninferiority) and 17.3% and 17.8%, respectively, at 12 months (relative risk, 0.98; 95% one-sided upper confidence limit, 1.13; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The rates of death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke (the components of the primary end point) did not differ significantly between the groups at either time point.Nonemergency PCI procedures performed at hospitals in Massachusetts without on-site surgical services were noninferior to procedures performed at hospitals with on-site surgical services with respect to the 30-day and 1-year rates of clinical events. (Funded by the participating hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery; MASS COM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01116882.).
CD8 T cell response and evolutionary pressure to HIV-1 cryptic epitopes derived from antisense transcription
Authors: Anju Bansal, Jonathan Carlson, Jiyu Yan, Olusimidele T. Akinsiku, Malinda Schaefer, Steffanie Sabbaj, Anne Bet, David N. Levy, Sonya Heath, Jianming Tang, Richard A. Kaslow, Bruce D. Walker, Thumbi Ndung’u, Philip J. Goulder, David Heckerman, Eric Hunter, Paul A. Goepfert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Retroviruses pack multiple genes into relatively small genomes by encoding several genes in the same genomic region with overlapping reading frames. Both sense and antisense HIV-1 transcripts contain open reading frames for known functional proteins as well as numerous alternative reading frames (ARFs). At least some ARFs have the potential to encode proteins of unknown function, and their antigenic properties can be considered as cryptic epitopes (CEs). To examine the extent of active immune response to virally encoded CEs, we analyzed human leukocyte antigen class I–associated polymorphisms in HIV-1 gag, pol, and nef genes from a large cohort of South Africans with chronic infection. In all, 391 CEs and 168 conventional epitopes were predicted, with the majority (307; 79%) of CEs derived from antisense transcripts. In further evaluation of CD8 T cell responses to a subset of the predicted CEs in patients with primary or chronic infection, both sense- and antisense-encoded CEs were immunogenic at both stages of infection. In addition, CEs often mutated during the first year of infection, which was consistent with immune selection for escape variants. These findings indicate that the HIV-1 genome might encode and deploy a large potential repertoire of unconventional epitopes to enhance vaccine-induced antiviral immunity.
SOME REMARKS ON THE HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE ACARUS SCABIEI.*
Authors: CHARLES GREENE CUMSTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1924)

Journal Article SOME REMARKS ON THE HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE ACARUS SCABIEI. Get access CHARLES GREENE CUMSTON, M.D. CHARLES GREENE CUMSTON, M.D. Geneva, Switzerland, Lecturer on the History of Medicine and Medical Philosophy in the University of Geneva; President‐elect Vth International Congress of the History of Medicine, etc Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 36, Issue 1, 1 January 1924, Pages 13–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1924.tb09130.x Published: 01 January 1924
Personality Factors and Breast Cancer Risk: A 13-Year Follow-up
Authors: Eveline M. A. Bleiker, Jan H. C. L. Hendriks, Johannes D. M. Otten, André L. M. Verbeek, Henk M. van der Ploeg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Consistent scientific evidence on the possible relationship between psychologic variables and breast cancer development is lacking. In 1996, our group first reported on the present prospective, longitudinal study. We found a weak association between a high score on the antiemotionality scale (indicating an absence of emotional behavior or a lack of trust in one's own feelings) and the development of breast cancer. No associations were found between any of the other 10 studied personality traits and breast cancer development. However, the study had a relatively short follow-up and did not investigate interaction effects between various personality traits. Therefore, the current follow-up study was conducted with the same cohort, which included the 9705 women who attended a biennial population surveillance program for breast cancer and completed a self-report personality questionnaire between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1990. Women who developed breast cancer during the period from May 17, 1995, through January 1, 2003, formed the case group (n = 217) and were compared with age-matched women without breast cancer who formed the control group (n = 868) with regard to personality traits and medical risk factors for breast cancer. None of the personality factors were statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, with or without adjusting for the medical risk factors. Also, the occurrence of a combination of various personality traits (eg, a so-called cancer-prone personality) was not related to breast cancer development.
Immunologic effects of background exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins in Dutch preschool children.
Authors: N Weisglas-Kuperus, S Patandin, G A Berbers, T C Sas, P G Mulder, P J Sauer, H Hooijkaas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins is associated with changes in the T-cell lymphocyte population in healthy Dutch infants. We investigated whether these changes persist into later childhood and whether background exposure to PCBs and dioxins is associated with the prevalence of infectious or allergic diseases and humoral immunity at preschool age. The total study group consisted of 207 healthy mother-infant pairs. We estimated prenatal exposure to PCBs and dioxins by the sum of PCBs 118, 138, 153, and 180 (sigmaPCB) in maternal and cord plasma and in breast-fed infants by the dioxin, planar, and mono-ortho PCB toxic equivalent (TEQ) levels in human milk. At 42 months of age, current body burden was estimated by the PCB in plasma. We assessed the prevalence of infectious and allergic diseases by parent questionnaire, and measured humoral immunity by antibody levels for mumps, measles, and rubella after primary vaccination. We performed immunologic marker analyses of lymphocytes in a subgroup of 85 children. Prenatal PCB exposure was associated with an increased number of lymphocytes, T-cells, and CD3CD8(+) (cytotoxic), CD4(+)CD45RO(+) (memory), T-cell receptor (TcR) [alpha]ss(+), and CD3(+)HLA-DR(+) (activated) T cells and lower antibody levels to mumps and measles at preschool age. Adjusted for confounders, prenatal PCB exposure was associated with less shortness of breath with wheeze, and current PCB body burden was associated with a higher prevalence of recurrent middle-ear infections and of chicken pox and a lower prevalence of allergic reactions. A higher dioxin TEQ was associated with a higher prevalence of coughing, chest congestion, and phlegm. We conclude that in Dutch preschool children the effects of perinatal background exposure to PCBs and dioxins persist into childhood and might be associated with a greater susceptibility to infectious diseases. Common infections acquired early in life may prevent the development of allergy, so PCB exposure might be associated with a lower prevalence of allergic diseases.
Proliferation is not increased in airway myofibroblasts isolated from asthmatics
Authors: J. E. Ward, T. Harris, T. Bamford, A. Mast, M. C. F. Pain, C. Robertson, D. Smallwood, T. Tran, J. Wilson, A. G. Stewart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Airway mesenchymal cells, such as myofibroblasts and airway smooth muscle cells, contribute to inflammation, airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma by excessive proliferation and inflammatory mediator production. Using endobronchial biopsies obtained from both nonasthmatic and asthmatic subjects, in situ proliferation was assessed by immunostaining for cyclin D1. The number of immunoreactive cells increased with asthma severity and was restricted to the epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue. Despite increases in smooth muscle area, cyclin D1 was not detected in cells in intact muscle bundles. Biopsy-derived cell cultures were characterised as predominantly myofibroblasts, and were assessed to determine whether proliferation and cytokine production varied with asthma status. Cell enumeration showed that basal proliferation was similar in cells from nonasthmatics and asthmatics, and mitogenic responses to fibroblast growth factor-2, thrombin or serum were either reduced or unchanged in cells from asthmatics. Interleukin (IL)-1-dependent granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-8 release was increased in cell supernatants from asthmatics. Thus, increased rates of cellular proliferation identified in situ in the asthmatic airway occurred outside the expanded smooth muscle compartment. Although reduced proliferative responses were observed in cultured myofibroblasts from asthmatics, the increased cytokine production by these cells suggests that this contributes to and may perpetuate ongoing inflammation in asthma.
Decreased Levels of Embryonic Retinoic Acid Synthesis Accelerate Recovery From Arterial Growth Delay in a Mouse Model of DiGeorge Syndrome
Authors: Lucile Ryckebüsch, Nicolas Bertrand, Karim Mesbah, Fanny Bajolle, Karen Niederreither, Robert G. Kelly, Stéphane Zaffran
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale : Loss of Tbx1 and decrease of retinoic acid (RA) synthesis result in DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS)-like phenotypes in mouse models, including defects in septation of the outflow tract of the heart and anomalies of pharyngeal arch-derived structures including arteries of the head and neck, laryngeal-tracheal cartilage, and thymus/parathyroid. Wild-type levels of T-box transcription factor (Tbx)1 and RA signaling are required for normal pharyngeal arch artery development. Recent studies have shown that reduction of RA or loss of Tbx1 alters the contribution of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells to the elongating heart tube. Objective : Here we tested whether Tbx1 and the RA signaling pathway interact during the deployment of the SHF and formation of the mature aortic arch. Methods and Results : Molecular markers of the SHF, neural crest and smooth muscle cells, were analyzed in Raldh2 ; Tbx1 compound heterozygous mutants. Our results revealed that the SHF and outflow tract develop normally in Raldh2 +/− ; Tbx1 +/− embryos. However, we found that decreased levels of RA accelerate the recovery from arterial growth delay observed in Tbx1 +/− mutant embryos. This compensation coincides with the differentiation of smooth muscle cells in the 4th pharyngeal arch arteries, and is associated with severity of neural crest cell migration defects observed in these mutants. Conclusions : Our data suggest that differences in levels of embryonic RA may contribute to the variability in great artery anomalies observed in DGS/VCFS patients.
TCT-202 Impact of Pioglitazone on Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus after Drug-eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masato Nakamura, Toshiya Muramatsu, Hisayuki Okada, Masahiko Ochiai, Satoru Suwa, Yutaka Matsuyama, Shinsuke Nanto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Solubilized Receptor for Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Complex from Guinea Pig Intestinal Mucosa
Authors: Max Katz, Bernard A. Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

the absorption of vitamin B12 in many animals requires its prior association with intrinsic factor (IF) and attachment to a specific receptor in the intestine. Employing Triton X-100, we have solubilized from guinea pig ileum a factor that binds intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complex (IF-B12). This binding factor was soluble to the extent that it was not sedimented by centrifugation at 100,000 g for 1 h and was small enough to enter the included volume of a Sepharose 4-B column. Furthermore, the ileal extract contained no microfine particles of membrane upon electron microscopic search. When a portion of the extract was incubated with a mixture of gastric juice and 57Co-labeled vitamin B12, a portion of the radioactivity was excluded from a Sephadex G-200 column. When gastric juice from a patient with a congenital abnormality of IF that prevented its binding to intestine was substituted for normal human gastric juice, radioactivity was not excluded from the gel, indicating failure of this abnormal IF-B12 to bind to the intestinal extract. These data suggested the presence of a specific binder of IF-B12 in the ileal mucosal extract. The reactions of normal IF-B12 with the solubilized binding factor and with the membrane-bound "receptor" had several characteristics in common, including calcium dependence, temperature independence, and pH optimum near neutral. Extracts from the distal intestine showed more activity than did those from the proximal. The solubilized binding facter seemed specific for IF-B12 in that it was not blocked by prior incubation with excesses of either free vitamin B12 or IF. Binding activity of the extract was decreased by incubation at pH 2.0, by heating to 56°C, and by incubation with chymotrypsin and dithiothretiol. Incubation with trypsin, neuraminidase, and sulphydryl blockers did not affect it.
Psychological significance of the irritable colon syndrome
Authors: I. G. Hislop
Journal: Gut (1971)

Sixty-seven patients with the irritable colon syndrome are reported. The symptom complex is considered to be a concomitant of an affective disorder, and the psychological factors associated with the genesis of the illness are discussed. Fifty-six patients received treatment with anti-depressant therapy, of whom 80% reported significant improvement.
Animal models for protecting ischemic myocardium: results of the NHLBI Cooperative Study. Comparison of unconscious and conscious dog models.
Authors: K A Reimer, R B Jennings, F R Cobb, R H Murdock, J C Greenfield, L C Becker, B H Bulkley, G M Hutchins, R P Schwartz, K R Bailey
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The Animal Models for Protecting Ischemic Myocardium Study was undertaken for the purpose of developing reproducible animal models that could be used to assess interventions designed to limit infarct size. This paper describes the results obtained in an unconscious dog model and in a conscious dog model, developed in three participating laboratories. The unconscious dog model, involving reperfusion after 3 hours of ischemia in open-chest dogs, was intended to determine whether therapy followed by early reperfusion would limit infarct size more than reperfusion alone. The conscious dog model used chronically instrumented dogs and permanent coronary occlusion to better mimic myocardial infarction in man. In both models, the proximal circumflex artery was occluded, and the primary experimental endpoint was infarct size, as measured by histological techniques 3 days after the initial occlusion. Infarct size was analyzed in relation to baseline variables including the anatomic area at risk, collateral blood flow to the subepicardial zone of ischemia and hemodynamic determinants of myocardial metabolic demand. Most of the variation in infarct size in control dogs could be related to variation in the area at risk, collateral blood flow, and rate pressure product. Using multivariate analysis and groups of 15 dogs, an intervention that limited infarct size by 10-13% of the area at risk would have been detected 50% of the time. Larger treatment effects would be detected more readily, and smaller effects often would be missed, unless group sizes were larger. Two drugs, verapamil and ibuprofen, were evaluated in both models, with experimental group sizes averaging 13 and 20 dogs, in the unconscious and conscious models, respectively. Three of 15 verapamil-treated dogs in the unconscious model study had much smaller infarcts than expected from baseline parameters. With these exceptions, neither drug limited infarct size in either model.
Hydroxychloroquine preferentially induces apoptosis of CD45RO+ effector T cells by inhibiting autophagy: A possible mechanism for therapeutic modulation of T cells
Authors: Jorg van Loosdregt, Roberto Spreafico, Maura Rossetti, Berent J. Prakken, Martin Lotz, Salvatore Albani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Golimumab reduces spinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis: MRI results of the randomised, placebo- controlled GO-RAISE study
Authors: Jürgen Braun, Xenofon Baraliakos, Kay-Geert A Hermann, Désirée van der Heijde, Robert D Inman, Atul A Deodhar, Anna Baratelle, Stephen Xu, Weichun Xu, Benjamin Hsu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate golimumab9s effect on MRI-detected spinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were randomly assigned to subcutaneous injections of placebo (n=78), golimumab 50 mg (n=138), or golimumab 100 mg (n=140) every 4 weeks. An MRI substudy comprising 98 patients (placebo n=23, 50 mg n=37, 100 mg n=38) at eligible MRI substudy sites had serial spine MRI scans (sagittal plane, 1.5T scanners, T1 and short tau inversion recovery sequences) at baseline and weeks 14 and 104. Two blinded (treatment, image order) readers independently evaluated MRI spinal inflammation using AS spine MRI-activity (ASspiMRI-a) scores; reader scores were averaged. Changes from baseline to weeks 14 and 104 were compared among treatment groups using analysis of variance on van der Waerden normal scores both with (post-hoc) and without (prespecified) adjustment for baseline ASspiMRI-a scores. <h3>Results</h3> Median baseline ASspiMRI-a scores were lower in the 100 mg (3.5) than placebo (6.8) and 50 mg (7.8) groups. Median decreases in activity scores from baseline to week 14 were −0.5 for placebo, −3.5 for 50 mg (p=0.047 vs placebo), and −1.5 for 100 mg (p=0.14 vs placebo). After adjusting for baseline ASspiMRI-a score imbalance, significant improvements were observed with both 50 mg (p=0.011) and 100 mg (p=0.002) versus placebo. ASspiMRI-a scores improvement achieved with golimumab was maintained at week 104. Improvement in ASspiMRI-a scores correlated with improvement in the recently developed AS disease activity score (ASDAS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels but not with other key AS clinical outcomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Golimumab significantly reduced MRI-detected spinal inflammation of AS; improvements were sustained to week 104 and correlated with improvement in ASDAS and CRP.
Insertion/deletion-related polymorphisms in the human T cell receptor beta gene complex.
Authors: E Seboun, M A Robinson, T J Kindt, S L Hauser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Insertion/deletion related polymorphisms (IDRP) involving stretches of 15-30 kb within the human TCR-beta gene complex were revealed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Two independent IDRP systems were detected by analysis of Sfi I- and Sal I-digested human DNA samples using probes for TCR C and V region gene segments. The allelic nature of these systems was verified in family studies, and mapping data allowed localization of one area of insertion/deletion among the V gene segments and the other near the C region genes. All but one of 50 individuals tested could be typed for the two allelic systems, and gene frequencies for the two allelic forms were 0.37/0.61 and 0.46/0.54, indicating that these polymorphisms are widespread.
Employer representatives oppose Tooke proposals for new body for medical education and training
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The creation of a new independent body to organise medical education and training would damage the NHS, MPs have been told.

Expert witnesses warned against setting up a new body when they appeared last week before the parliamentary health select committee inquiry into the Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) programme, which created the recruitment system for junior doctors that caused problems last year.

A key recommendation of the Tooke report—an independent report commissioned by the government into MMC problems—was to create an independent body called NHS Medical Education England to oversee postgraduate medical education and training (with equivalent bodies throughout the United Kingdom), …