tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BCG Vaccination and Risk of Atopy
Authors: Tyra G. rause, Anders Hviid, Anders Koch, Jeppe Friborg, Thomas Hjuler, Jan Wohlfahrt, Ove Rosing Olsen, Bjarne Kristensen, Mads Melbye
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context It has been suggested that BCG vaccination may protect against development of allergic diseases, particularly when given just after birth. BCG vaccination was given routinely to all infants in Greenland until 1990, when it was withdrawn from the vaccination program. Whether this resulted in an increased prevalence of atopy in children born after the stop of BCG vaccination is unknown. Objective To determine whether BCG vaccination and age at BCG vaccination are associated with development of atopy. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study among schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 years in 4 towns on the northwest coast of Greenland. Participants had a blood sample drawn and information on BCG vaccination was obtained during 2 periods, November 1998 and November 2001. A total of 1686 children (79% of available children) participated, 1575 of whom had complete information on vaccination status. Atopy was defined as a positive test result in an assay that tests for IgE specific against the most common inhalant allergens in serum. Main Outcome Measures Odds ratio (OR) of atopy in BCG-vaccinated compared with unvaccinated children and OR according to age at vaccination. Results The risk of atopy was the same in BCG-vaccinated compared with unvaccinated children after adjustment for confounders (OR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.48). The risk of atopy in BCG-vaccinated children was not associated with age at vaccination ( P = .17). Conclusions BCG vaccination administered to infants is not associated with reduced risk of development of atopy.
REPRODUCTION OF THE UPPER AIR-PASSAGES BY PLATING CASTS OBTAINED BY THE CORROSION METHOD.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: B. ALEXANDER RANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1893)

While it is no new thing to obtain, in metal or other materials, casts of the cavities or structures of the body, and exquisite results have been long and by many workers obtained in this field, there yet remains much to be thus demonstrated to the scientific world at large, and far more in the way of local demonstration. It is with this latter object that I desire here to bring forward some of my results, believing that they will be new to some and interesting to others who work in the upper air tract. Made in fusible metal, which can be readily cast into the soft tissues of the recent cadaver, these metal casts have a delicacy and a durability far superior to anything which is possible with the more frequently used wax mass; and the secondary process which I have here employed has marked advantages and seems to
Carrier Rates of Staphylococci in Preschool and School-Age Children-Reply
Authors: Malcolm I. Page
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> 1. As the study took place over a 9-month period, not all children were treated with antibiotics at one time. At any one time, some children were in pretreatment status, some were undergoing treatment, and some were in post-treatment status. The largest number were under treatment during the height of the respiratory disease season. It was the fact of antibiotic therapy which led to "seasonal variation," as the carrier rates of staphylococci did not vary during the year among children not receiving antibiotics. 2. The data presented do show a greater number of persistent carriers among school-aged children than among preschool-aged children. It might be true, therefore, that antibiotics tend to produce greater or lesser effects upon one particular age group than upon another, but such could not be demonstrated in the present study. There did seem to be greater acquisition rates following the use of antibiotics
Economic approach to priority setting.
Authors: A. Renton, A. Stevens, S. Petrou
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Because we receive many more letters than we can publish we may shorten those we do print, particularly when we receive several on the same subject.Rationing specific services places clinicians in an extra-treatments is used alone to define health needs and ordinarily difficult position.Which patients set priorities they will be wrong.SIR,-Richard Smith's editorial on rationing im-should they select for their annual quota of coron-The call to follow Oregon and make rationing plies that I expressed paternalistic, indeed un-atv bypass operations?Should they reserve judg-decisions explicit and rational is therefore only part democratic, views in my Harveian oration.I ment on a particular patient in case a more of the solution.2The general public would have should like to try to explain myself.deserving one comes along to take up the last quota some involvement, but what is crucial is that any Like others with whom I've debated the issue place?Such decisions are being made today by universal system must try to allow for variation in Smith fails to distinguish between rationing and individual doctors dealing with individual patients, individual perceptions of need because individual determining priorities.In determining priorities, I most starkly by those with tight budgets.It is this people will place different values on each disability agree, everyone should be involved-doctors, sort of rationing that I would prefer to see implicit or condition.This flexibility is potentially lost nurses, other health professionals, managers, and rather than explicit, not through a belief in medical when clinicians are no longer responsible for the general public-and I made this point in my imperialism or paternalism but through a concern rationing.Oration.This is what happened in Oregon.As about the anguish that patients and their relatives Health authorities must accept that there is no
Defective Ryanodine Receptor Interdomain Interactions May Contribute to Intracellular Ca <sup>2+</sup> Leak
Authors: Stephan E. Lehnart, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Andrew R. Marks
Journal: Circulation (2005)

eart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and despite optimal medical treatment, patients with NYHA class III-IV symptoms have a 2-year mortality rate approaching 50%. 1,2About half of the deaths from HF occur suddenly, 3,4 and ventricular arrhythmias account for a large percentage of these sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs). 1 There is a strong correlation between chronic increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and poor prognosis in HF. [5][6][7] Interestingly, ␤-adrenergic receptor (␤AR) blockers that block the target receptors for catecholamines released during SNS activation reduce HF progression and arrhythmia vulnerability in patients with HF, leading to improved survival. 8,9Activation of the ␤AR signaling cascade driven by the SNS caused by HF initially results in a compensatory response aimed at enhancing cardiac contractility, but when SNS activation is sustained, maladaptive changes occur. 10Chronic SNS activation desensitizes cardiac ␤AR signaling, 5 which further contributes to reduced inotropic reserve and worsens remodeling in HF, as part of a maladaptive response that ultimately fails to protect the heart or preserve cardiac function.
Donor-derived TNF-α regulates pulmonary chemokine expression and the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Krystyna M. Olkiewicz, Leigh A. Corrion, Yayi Chang, Shawn G. Clouthier, Chen Liu, Kenneth R. Cooke
Journal: Blood (2004)
Cardiovascular Screening for Young Athletes
Authors: Kimberly G. Harmon, Jonathan A. Drezner
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Remarks on A CLINICAL STUDY OF ACHLORHYDRIA
Authors: H. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1932)

The lecturer first discussed, in the light of recent literature, the significance of achlorhydria in pernicious anaemial 2 3 4 and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, and pointed out that while achlorhydria is almost a constant finding in pernicious anaemia, yet, theoretically, this disease might possibly occur with hydrochloric acid present in the stomach secretion~-he had himself met with one such case.He then continued:
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma due to a novel type of keratin mutation, a 3-bp insertion in the keratin 9 helix termination motif
Authors: None COLEMAN, None MUNRO, None SMITH, None UITTO, None McLEAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by diffuse keratoderma, typically with an erythematous border. Histologically, palmoplantar epidermis shows suprabasal cytolysis and ultrastructurally, tonofilament aggregation with overlying epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Mutations in the KRT9 gene, encoding keratin 9 (K9), a cytoskeletal protein expressed exclusively in suprabasal keratinocytes of palmoplantar epidermis, have been reported to cause EPPK. To date, all KRT9 defects reported in EPPK have been missense mutations in exon 1, which encodes the start of the α-helical rod domain. However, based on studies of other keratin disorders, it was postulated that mutations at the other end of the rod domain might also produce the EPPK phenotype. Here, we report the first mutation in the 2B domain of KRT9, 1362ins3, leading to an insertion of histidine in the helix termination motif of the K9 polypeptide. Insertional mutations have not been previously described in keratins. The phenotype of this case is similar to EPPK caused by 1A domain mutations, demonstrating that mutations in either of the helix boundary motif sequences of K9 are detrimental to keratin function and keratinocyte structure.
Inter- and intra-individual consumption of hepatitis B immunoglobulins (HBIG) in liver transplant recipients receiving HBIG and lamivudine to prevent recurrent HBV infection
Authors: M. Angelico, D. Di Paolo, G. Trinito, E. Torri, A. Araco, R. Lionetti, C.U. Casciani, G. Tisone
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF FIBROID TUMORS OF THE UTERUS.Read in the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: FRANKLIN H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Under three heads may be considered the operative treatment of fibroids of the uterus : 1. Hysterectomy. 2. Removal of the appendages. 3. Vaginal ligation of the broad ligaments.The only absolutely sure cure for fibro-myomas of the uterus lies in the total removal of the uterus.This may be accomplished when the accompanying tumors are small, by vaginal hysterectomy, but as a rule abdominal hysterectomy alone is reserved for these difficulties.
Permissive role of thyrotropin on thyroid radioiodine uptake during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Nobuyuki Kamio, Isao Kobayashi, Masatomo Mori, Teruo Uehara, Hitoshi Fukuda, Kazutoshi Tsuyusaki, Yasuko Nakamua, Setsuo Kobayashi
Journal: Metabolism (1977)
Interrelation of strongyloidiasis and tuberculosis.
Authors: A D Dwarakanath, M Welton, C J Ellis, R N Allan
Journal: Gut (1994)

A 31 year old man from Gambia, resident in the United Kingdom for two years, presented with a two month history of unproductive cough, malaise, weight loss, non-specific abdominal pain, and episodic diarrhoea. Acid alcohol fast bacilli were identified in his sputum, together with Strongyloides stercoralis larvae and Giardia lamblia cysts in his stools. This case illustrates that latent strongyloidiasis can become overt in the presence of tuberculosis, and the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis must be borne in mind in patients who have previously resided in endemic regions.
The Accessibility of Firearms and Risk for Suicide and Homicide Victimization Among Household Members
Authors: Andrew Anglemyer, Tara Horvath, George Rutherford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Research suggests that access to firearms in the home increases the risk for violent death.To understand current estimates of the association between firearm availability and suicide or homicide.PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched without limitations and a gray-literature search was performed on 23 August 2013.All study types that assessed firearm access and outcomes between participants with and without firearm access. There were no restrictions on age, sex, or country.Two authors independently extracted data into a standardized, prepiloted data extraction form.Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated, although published adjusted estimates were preferentially used. Summary effects were estimated using random- and fixed-effects models. Potential methodological reasons for differences in effects through subgroup analyses were explored.Data were pooled from 16 [not 15] observational studies that assessed he odds of suicide or homicide, yielding pooled ORs of 3.24(95% CI, 2.41 to 4.40) and 2.00 (CI, 1.56 to 3.02) [not 1.94 (CI, .44 to 2.93)], respectively [corrected], respectively. When only studies that used interviews to determine firearm accessibility were considered, the pooled OR for suicide was 3.14 (CI, 2.29 to 4.43).Firearm accessibility was determined by survey interviews in most studies; misclassification of accessibility may have occurred. Heterogeneous populations of varying risks were synthesized to estimate pooled odds of death.Access to firearms is associated with risk for completed suicide and being the victim of homicide.None.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia
Authors: John F. Ryan, John V. Donlon, Ronald A. Malt, John H. L. Bland, Mortimer J. Buckley, Frank A. Sreter, Edward Lowenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

MALIGNANT hyperthermia under anesthesia is characterized by tachycardia, tachypnea, metabolic acidosis, a rapid rise in body temperature and, at times, muscle rigidity.1 A 64 per cent mortality rate dictates early detection and rapid treatment.2 Measures used heretofore have included copious amounts of intravenous iced Ringer's lactate solution, lavage of the stomach and bladder with iced solutions, and large intravenous doses of procainamide or procaine.3 In the following case bloodstream cooling by cardiopulmonary bypass was successful in a patient with malignant hyperthermia. Case Report A 60-year-old woman with a malignant melanoma of the back was scheduled for bilateral radical axillary lymphadenectomy. . . .
Activated B lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals induce virus expression in infected T cells and a promonocytic cell line, U1.
Authors: P Rieckmann, G Poli, J H Kehrl, A S Fauci
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Freshly isolated B lymphocytes from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in contrast to B cells from normal controls, were shown to induce viral expression in two cell lines: ACH-2, a T cell line, and U1, a promonocytic cell line, which are chronically infected with HIV, as well as in autologous T cells. In 10 out of 10 HIV-infected individuals with hypergammaglobulinemia, spontaneous HIV-inductive capacity was found with highly purified peripheral blood B cells, whereas peripheral blood or tonsillar B cells from six healthy, HIV-negative donors did not induce HIV expression unless the cells were stimulated in vitro. The induction of HIV expression was observed in direct coculture experiments of B lymphocytes and HIV-infected cells, and could also be mediated by supernatants from cultures of B cells. Significantly higher amounts of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected in the B cell culture supernatants from HIV-infected patients with hypergammaglobulinemia (IL-6: mean = 536 pg/ml; TNF-alpha: mean = 493 pg/ml), as compared with normal uninfected controls (IL-6: mean = 18 pg/ml; TNF-alpha: mean = 23 pg/ml). Antibodies against these cytokines abolished the HIV-inductive capacity of B cells. We conclude that in vivo activated B cells in HIV-infected individuals can upregulate the expression of virus in infected cells by secreting cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, and, therefore, may play a role in the progression of HIV infection.
Tretinoin therapy in photoageing: historical perspective
Authors: J. J. LEYDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Tretinoin therapy in photoageing: historical perspective Get access J. J. LEYDEN J. J. LEYDEN University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, U.S.A. J. J. Leyden, M.D., Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue s35, 1 April 1990, Pages 83–86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb16130.x Published: 01 April 1990
Book Review Clinical Sports Medicine Edited by William A. Grana and Alexander Kalenak. 527 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1991. $65. Sports Medicine: The school-age athlete Edited by Bruce Reider. 709 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1991. $110.
Authors: William W. Southmayd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)
Occupational Asthma in Adults in Six Canadian Communities
Authors: ANTHONY R. JOHNSON, HELEN D. DIMICH-WARD, JURE MANFREDA, MARGARET R. BECKLAKE, PIERRE ERNST, MALCOLM R. SEARS, DENNIS M. BOWIE, LAMONT SWEET, MOIRA CHAN-YEUNG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We examined the prevalence, population attributable risk (PAR), and clinical characteristics of occupational asthma (OA) in a randomly selected population in six communities in Canada. Our study followed the European Community Respiratory Health Survey protocol. A randomly selected population of 18,701 (87% response rate) persons from the study communities, ranging in age from 20 to 44 yr, completed an initial questionnaire, of whom 2,974 (39% response rate) attended the laboratory and completed supplementary questionnaires. Of these latter individuals, 383 had asthma. Asthma was defined as physician-diagnosed asthma, and adult-onset asthma was defined as a first attack at age 15 yr or older. We used several methods for estimating OA as follows: (1) reporting of a high-risk job (occupation and industry) for OA at the time of asthma onset (Probable OA); (2) reporting of exposure to a substance that may cause OA (Possible OA) while not in a high-risk job at the time of asthma onset; and (3) combination of the PAR for high-risk jobs and exposures. The prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of Probable OA and Possible OA combined was 36.1% (31.3 to 41.0%) among subjects with adult-onset asthma. The occupations most commonly reported in association with OA were nursing in the Probable OA group and clerical and food preparation in the Possible OA group. The clinical characteristics and exposures reported by both groups were similar. The PAR for adult-onset asthma in high-risk jobs and exposures was 18.2%. The assessment of occupation and industry alone, rather than of exposures, may underestimate the contribution of occupational exposures to asthma prevalence.
Susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: F A Chapper, A P Arnaculleta, G E Gonzalez, M B Cortada, J Rodes
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a clinical syndrome characterised by progressive asymmetric limb rigidity and apraxia with dystonia, myoclonus, cortical sensory loss and alien limb phenomenon. Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is one of the most common underlying pathologies of CBS, but other disorders, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions, are also associated with this syndrome. In this review, we describe common and rare neuropathological findings in CBS, including tauopathies, synucleinopathies, TDP-43 proteinopathies, fused in sarcoma proteinopathy, prion disease (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) and cerebrovascular disease, based on a narrative review of the literature and clinicopathological studies from two brain banks. Genetic mutations associated with CBS, including <i>GRN</i> and <i>MAPT</i>, are also reviewed. Clinicopathological studies on neurodegenerative disorders associated with CBS have shown that regardless of the underlying pathology, frontoparietal, as well as motor and premotor pathology is associated with CBS. Clinical features that can predict the underlying pathology of CBS remain unclear. Using AD-related biomarkers (ie, amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) and fluid biomarkers), CBS caused by AD often can be differentiated from other causes of CBS. Tau PET may help distinguish AD from other tauopathies and non-tauopathies, but it remains challenging to differentiate non-AD tauopathies, especially PSP and CBD. Although the current clinical diagnostic criteria for CBS have suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, emerging biomarkers hold promise for future improvements in the diagnosis of underlying pathology in patients with CBS.
Stroke Rehabilitation: Basic Concepts and Research Trends
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Interest in cerebrovascular disease continues to increase. Many books have recently been published concerning both basic and clinical aspects of this problem. I therefore approached this text with the thought: Why another?—and was pleased to find the answer. The book's purpose is to bridge the gap that has existed between clinical neurology and rehabilitation medicine as such. The text includes material covered in the conference dealing with rehabilitation of patients with stroke, which was held in Houston in January 1966 under the sponsorship of the Vocational Rehabilitation Association. Bringing together the views of 27 experts in stroke rehabilitation, the work packs much useful information into a brief, highly readable, and relatively inexpensive book. In addition to discussing the treatment of hemiplegia and aphasia, the chapters on clinical varieties of stroke, by Dr. T. R. Johns, and clinical evaluation of the stroke process, by Dr. Fields, enhance the value of this