tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-beta reverses a posttranscriptional defect in elastin synthesis in a cutis laxa skin fibroblast strain.
Authors: M C Zhang, M Giro, D Quaglino, J M Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Skin fibroblasts from two cases of autosomal recessive cutis laxa (CL), having insignificant elastin production and mRNA levels, were challenged with transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1). Elastin production was brought from undetectable values to amounts typical of normal human skin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent fashion. Basic fibroblast growth factor (100 ng/ml) alone or in combination with TGF-beta 1 reduced elastin production and mRNA expression in CL skin fibroblasts more extensively than in normal cells. In situ hybridization showed that these effects were at the transcript level. One of the CL strains was examined in detail. Transcription rates for elastin were similar in normal and CL and unchanged by TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 (10 ng/ml), while in CL elastin mRNA half-life was increased > 10-fold by TGF-beta 2 and reduced 6-fold after TGF-beta 2 withdrawal, as compared with a control strain. Cycloheximide partially reversed elastin mRNA instability. These data are consistent with a defect in elastin mRNA stability that requires synthesis of labile factors or intact translational machinery, resulting in an extremely low steady state level of mRNA present in this strain of CL. Furthermore, TGF-beta can relieve elastin mRNA instability in at least one CL strain and elastin production defects in both CL strains.
Angiotensin in Blood and Lymph Following Reduction in Renal Arterial Perfusion Pressure in Dogs
Authors: SANDFORD L. SKINNER, JAMES W. MCCUBBIN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Systemic pressor responses occurred consistently 5 to 15 minutes following reduction of renal perfusion pressure and were accompanied by the appearance of pressor material in renal vein blood. The pressor material is probably angiotensin formed from renin released by the kidney, since its activity was not affected by protein precipitation, was eliminated by incubation with chymotrypsin, and since it caused enhanced pressor responses to tyramine, all of which are characteristic of angiotensin. Activity was unaffected by pharmacologic blockade of response to norepinephrine and serotonin. Its renal origin is indicated by the greater amount of pressor activity in renal venous than in arterial blood throughout the systemic pressor responses. Smaller amounts of pressor material, also with properties of angiotensin, were found in thoracic duct lymph. They did not contribute materially to the systemic pressor response since external drainage of all lymph did not modify the response, and since the time course of the response correlated with an increase in pressor activity in renal vein blood but not in lymph. The late appearance of angiotensin in thoracic duct lymph is probably due to renin secretion by the kidney into renal lymph rather than transfer from circulating blood; activity did not appear in lymph when renin was infused intravenously in amounts that caused rises in systemic pressure comparable to those produced by reduction of renal perfusion pressure. The results indicate that during short periods of reduced renal perfusion pressure, renin is released in larger amounts in blood than in lymph.
Colchicum autumnale from Het Cruydtboeck by Rembertus Dodonaeus
Authors: A Boonen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Background: Generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is an inevitable process in vivo and can be accelerated under pathological conditions such as oxidative stress.In serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) raised AGE levels have been found.Objective: To determine the presence of N -carboxymethyllysine (CML; marker of oxidative stress) in RA synovial tissue by immunohistology.Methods: Frozen synovial tissue samples from 10 patients with RA and eight controls (four patients without joint disease and four patients with osteoarthritis (OA)) were treated with rabbit-anti-CML-IgG and goat-antirabbit-IgG.Immunostaining was visualised by streptavidine-alkaline phosphatase (chromogen fuchsin).Cell differentiation was performed with antibodies against CD68, CD45RO, and CD20.Results: CML was detected in the synovial lining, sublining, and endothelium in 10/10 RA and 4/4 OA synovial specimens.In RA some macrophages (CD68+) and T cells (CD45RO+) showed positive immunostaining for CML, whereas B cells were negative.Staining in OA synovial sublining was weak compared with RA.Conclusions: CML was detected for the first time in RA and OA synovial tissue.Different patterns of immunostaining in RA and OA and the presence of CML on macrophages and T cells, suggest a role for CML in the pathogenesis of RA.This might be due to presentation of new epitopes which can maintain or even trigger an autoimmune response.. . . . .
A Lecture ON SOME POINTS ABOUT DRAINAGE OF THE ABDOMEN UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF INFLAMMATION
Authors: A. E. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1913)

thle involvement of the lhepatic region and subsequent deatlh of the patient (Fig. 17).Pins in the appendix have been noted by many surgeons, and may cause pericolitis.In a collection of 63 published cases R. H. Fowler refers to a case of AW.W. Keen, in which tlle tip of the appendix was solidly incorporated in the,bladder.At the age of 7 the patient had dvsuria, and a pin, whliclh he believed he had swif1lowed, was remioved from the urethra.'3Pericolic adhesio'ns may cause intetina~l obstriuction, as in a case recently operated upon at midniglht, in whlich a coil of small intestine had passed under a band of such (liglil. CHOLECYSTITIS WITHI PERICOLITIS.Iniflammation of the gall bladder, leading to localized peritonitis in its neighbourhood, is a common cause of lericolitis in the hepatic region, and is 'invariable in severe or long-standing canes.The following will serve as an example of pericolitis following cholecystitis of pregnancy:Thle last child was 7 years old, and the pain, of five months' dlurationi, was first noticed in the epigastrium and passed round to the back.It was of a severe shooting character, worse at niight anid on walking, doubling her uap, and relieved by the vomiting whiich always occurred.She had had indigestion for twvo years.There was tenderness in the epigastrium, niot over the gall bladder, which could not be felt.At the operation the gall bladder was thickened and mottled, but Ino stone was present in it or in the ducts.Marked pericolitis was preseilt, the ascending colon being adherent to the anterior abdominal wall and the liver adherent to the gastro-hepatic omeiitum.Ill particular there was a strong band of omentum adherent to the lumbar peritoneum (Fig. 18).It will be seen, therefore, tllat pericolitis is a frequent accompaniment of inflammatory affections of the appendix and gall bladder.Its persistence as bands and adhesions muay give rise to symptoms after thle successful treatment of the original focus, particulqrly in appendicitis.In wandering kidney it is now demonstrated that pericolitis mlay coexist with eneysted intraperitoneal collections of fluid.In tlhe surg Ny of the right loin more attention will *loubtless be paid to this associated condition by more comlplete examination of the region at tlle time of opera.tion; and, by extended obgervation, the pathology of vague pains and after-pains will be nmore fully understood.
Comparative Effect of ACE Inhibition and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonism on Bioavailability of Nitric Oxide in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Burkhard Hornig, Ulf Landmesser, Christoph Kohler, Dorothe Ahlersmann, Stephan Spiekermann, Annemarie Christoph, Helma Tatge, Helmut Drexler
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Flow-dependent, endothelium-mediated vasodilation (FDD) and activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), the major antioxidative enzyme of the arterial wall, are severely impaired in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesized that both ACE inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (AT 1 -A) increase bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) by reducing oxidative stress in the vessel wall, possibly by increasing EC-SOD activity. Methods and Results —Thirty-five patients with CAD were randomized to 4 weeks of ACEI (ramipril 10 mg/d) or AT 1 -A (losartan 100 mg/d). FDD of the radial artery was determined by high-resolution ultrasound before and after intra-arterial N -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA) to inhibit NO synthase and before and after intra-arterial vitamin C to determine the portion of FDD inhibited by oxygen free radicals. EC-SOD activity was determined after release from endothelium by heparin bolus injection. FDD was improved after ramipril and losartan (each group P &lt;0.01), and in particular, the portion of FDD mediated by NO, ie, inhibited by L-NMMA, was increased by &gt;75% (each group P &lt;0.01). Vitamin C improved FDD initially, an effect that was lost after ramipril or losartan. After therapy, EC-SOD activity was increased by &gt;200% in both groups (ACEI, 14.4±1.1 versus 3.8±0.9 and AT 1 -A, 13.5±1.0 versus 3.9±0.9 U · mL −1 · min −1 ; each P &lt;0.01). Conclusions —Four weeks of therapy with ramipril or losartan improves endothelial function to similar extents in patients with CAD by increasing the bioavailability of NO. Our results suggest that beneficial long-term effects of interference with the renin-angiotensin system may be related to reduction of oxidative stress within the arterial wall, mediated in part by increased EC-SOD activity.
Reporting of Harm in Randomized, Controlled Trials of Nonpharmacologic Treatment for Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Morgane Ethgen, Isabelle Boutron, Gabriel Baron, Bruno Giraudeau, Jean Sibilia, Philippe Ravaud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Reports of clinical trials usually emphasize benefits and give less attention to harms. Purpose: To compare the reporting of harm in trials of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment. Data Sources: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Study Selection: Reports of randomized, controlled trials assessing treatment of rheumatic disease that were published between January 1999 and January 2005. Data Extraction: A standardized abstraction form was used to extract data. Data Synthesis: 193 articles were analyzed. After adjustment for medical area, sample size, funding source, and multicenter trials, data on harm were more often described in pharmacologic treatment reports than in nonpharmacologic treatment reports in reporting adverse events (odds ratio, 5.2 [95% CI, 2.1 to 12.9]), reporting withdrawals due to adverse events (odds ratio, 4.6 [CI, 2.0 to 10.9]), reporting severity (odds ratio, 3.7 [CI, 1.5 to 9.1]), and allocating space for describing harm (odds ratio, 1.6 [CI, 1.2 to 2.3]). Limitations: Extrapolating results to trials in areas other than rheumatic disease is questionable. Conclusions: The lack of reporting harm in trials assessing nonpharmacologic treatment in rheumatic disease is an important barrier to evaluating the benefit-harm balance of nonpharmacologic treatments.
Serum-mediated inhibition of graft-vs.-host reaction.
Authors: M N Cauchi, K B Dawson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Rats recovering from a systemic graft-vs.-host reaction (GVHR) possess factors in the serum which can inhibit the production of a local GVHR. After incubation in vitro for 1 h at 37 degrees C these factors reduce the GVH-producing potential of parental spleen or lymph node cells to 24% of control cells treated with normal serum. These factors appear within 1 wk after initiation of a systemic GVHR and some residual activity persists for up to 8 mo. The serum activity was present in the globulin fraction and was completely removed by absorption with spleen, lymph node, or kidney homogenates from either parental strain rats. These studies indicate that during the course of a systemic GVHR, serum factors directed against the host appear in the circulation and tend to inhibit the production of further GVHR by a second challenge of either parental strain cells.
BET protein inhibition shows efficacy against JAK2V617F-driven neoplasms
Authors: B S Wyspiańska, A J Bannister, I Barbieri, J Nangalia, A Godfrey, F J Calero-Nieto, S Robson, I Rioja, J Li, M Wiese, E Cannizzaro, M A Dawson, B Huntly, R K Prinjha, A R Green, B Gottgens, T Kouzarides
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
1175 IN-VITRO FITNESS AND RESISTANCE ANALYSES OF NS3 MUTANTS DETECTED BY POPULATION AND DEEP SEQUENCING IN HCV PATIENTS FROM PHASE I STUDIES OF GS-9451 AND GS-9256
Authors: H. Dvory-Sobol, T. Schwartz, B. Han, A. Worth, S. Rajyaguru, E.S. Svarovskaia, M.D. Miller, H. Mo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Incidence and Prognosis of Resistant Hypertension in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Stacie L. Daugherty, J. David Powers, David J. Magid, Heather M. Tavel, Frederick A. Masoudi, Karen L. Margolis, Patrick J. O'Connor, Joe V. Selby, P. Michael Ho
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Despite a recent American Heart Association (AHA) consensus statement emphasizing the importance of resistant hypertension, the incidence and prognosis of this condition are largely unknown. Methods and Results— This retrospective cohort study in 2 integrated health plans included patients with incident hypertension in whom treatment was begun between 2002 and 2006. Patients were followed up for the development of resistant hypertension based on AHA criteria of uncontrolled blood pressure despite use of ≥3 antihypertensive medications, with data collected on prescription filling information and blood pressure measurement. We determined incident cardiovascular events (death or incident myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, or chronic kidney disease) in patients with and without resistant hypertension with adjustment for patient and clinical characteristics. Among 205 750 patients with incident hypertension, 1.9% developed resistant hypertension within a median of 1.5 years from initial treatment (0.7 cases per 100 person-years of follow-up). These patients were more often men, were older, and had higher rates of diabetes mellitus than nonresistant patients. Over 3.8 years of median follow-up, cardiovascular event rates were significantly higher in those with resistant hypertension (unadjusted 18.0% versus 13.5%, P &lt;0.001). After adjustment for patient and clinical characteristics, resistant hypertension was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–1.62). Conclusions— Among patients with incident hypertension in whom treatment was begun, 1 in 50 patients developed resistant hypertension. Patients with resistant hypertension had an increased risk of cardiovascular events, which supports the need for greater efforts toward improving hypertension outcomes in this population.
Modality, quo vadis?
Authors: K. Sathian
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Grush's emulation theory comprises both modality-specific and amodal emulators. I suggest that the amodal variety be replaced by multisensory emulators. The key distinction is that multisensory processing retains the characteristics of individual sensory modalities, in contrast to amodal processing. The latter term is better reserved for conceptual and linguistic systems, rather than perception or emulation.
Combinations of Tomato and Broccoli Enhance Antitumor Activity in Dunning R3327-H Prostate Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kirstie Canene-Adams, Brian L. Lindshield, Shihua Wang, Elizabeth H. Jeffery, Steven K. Clinton, John W. Erdman
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

The consumption of diets containing 5 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables daily is the foundation of public health recommendations for cancer prevention, yet this concept has not been tested in experimental models of prostate cancer. We evaluated combinations of tomato and broccoli in the Dunning R3327-H prostate adenocarcinoma model. Male Copenhagen rats (n=206) were fed diets containing 10% tomato, 10% broccoli, 5% tomato plus 5% broccoli (5:5 combination), 10% tomato plus 10% broccoli (10:10 combination) powders, or lycopene (23 or 224 nmol/g diet) for approximately 22 weeks starting 1 month prior to receiving s.c. tumor implants. We compared the effects of diet to surgical castration (2 weeks before termination) or finasteride (5 mg/kg body weight orally, 6 d/wk). Castration reduced prostate weights, tumor areas, and tumor weight (62%, P<0.001), whereas finasteride reduced prostate weights (P<0.0001), but had no effect on tumor area or weight. Lycopene at 23 or 224 nmol/g of the diet insignificantly reduced tumor weights by 7% or 18%, respectively, whereas tomato reduced tumor weight by 34% (P<0.05). Broccoli decreased tumor weights by 42% (P<0.01) whereas the 10:10 combination caused a 52% decrease (P<0.001). Tumor growth reductions were associated with reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, as quantified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and the ApopTag assay. The combination of tomato and broccoli was more effective at slowing tumor growth than either tomato or broccoli alone and supports the public health recommendations to increase the intake of a variety of plant components.
Diffuse Esophageal Spasm: A Reappraisal
Authors: JOEL E. RICHTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

With the renewed interest in esophageal motility disorders, diffuse esophageal spasm is being diagnosed more frequently. In many clinical settings, however, the term is used as a synonym for noncardiac chest pain. Our review of the literature and broad clinical experience in studying the motility patterns of healthy subjects have helped us better define diffuse esophageal spasm. The diagnosis of diffuse esophageal spasm should be considered only in symptomatic patients showing simultaneous contractions after wet swallows during esophageal motility testing. Simultaneous contractions should occur after at least 10% of swallows and be intermixed with normal peristaltic contractions. Repetitive waves, contractions of prolonged duration, spontaneous activity, high-amplitude contractions, and lower esophageal sphincter abnormalities may be seen in diffuse esophageal spasm. None of these findings alone or in combination justifies a diagnosis of diffuse esophageal spasm unless associated with simultaneous esophageal contractions.
Catheter Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocysts into the Stomach
Authors: N. Heyder, H. Flügel, W. Domschke
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

This paper reports on the technique and results of cystogastric catheter drainage, as described by Hancke, in eight patients with post-acute pseudocysts, and in one patient with acute necrotising pancreatitis. With this procedure, the catheter is passed, under gastroscopic and ultrasonographic control, percutaneously through the stomach into the pseudocyst in such a manner that the contents of the cyst drain into the stomach. Too small a residual stomach following surgery, and too small, or immature, cysts, represent the limitations of the technique. In five patients, complete, lasting emptying of the cyst was accomplished without any complications. The intervention can be carried out under local anesthesia.
Sudden Compression Injuries of the Abdomen at Sea
Authors: N. P. Breden, A. L. d'Abreu, D. P. King
Journal: BMJ (1942)

In contrast to the extensive literature on blast injuries of the lung, reports on the effect of sudden compression of the abdomen are few and brief. It has been recognized in this, as it was in the last war, that compression or suction waves set up by the detonation of high explosives on land or at sea cause, among other lesions, bleeding into the -lungs and abdominal viscera. Atkins (1940) describes the cases of three patients, injured by depth charge explosions while they were swimming, who came under his care suffering from peritonitis after the Dunkirk evacuation. All were operated upon : one had a perfora tion of the ileum three inches above the caecum ; the second had a similar lesion in the first part of the ascending colon; while the third showed multiple petechial haemor rhages with oedema in the walls of the intestines but no perforation. The third of these died, but the first two, after suture of the perforations, survived. Atkins says that prognosis in these injuries is usually bad because of associated lacerations of the brain and lungs. Gordon Taylor (1940) has noted bowel rupture without breach of the skin in shipwrecked men injured by depth-charge detonations. He believes that organisms permeating a contused colon may be the cause of an abscess or even a faecal fistula. Below we record two such abscesses, one pelvic and the other subphrenic, which may have been due to this cause. Gordon-Taylor also describes a group of patients who suffered from severe melaena but recovered without serious complications. We record the cases of seven such patients who developed varying degrees of haematemesis and who all recovered. Wakeley (1941) also has noted compression injuries in sailors.
Histamine release from human leukocytes: modulation by a cytochalasin B-sensitive barrier
Authors: Harvey R. Colten, Kenneth H. Gabbay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Cytochalasin B, a metabolic product of several fungi, enhances up to 10-fold the sensitivity and reactivity of human leukocytes to antigen E or anti-IgE-mediated histamine release. The effect of cytochalasin B is a result of its action on the second, antigen-independent, stage of histamine release. These data suggest that normally, antigen-triggered histamine release is modulated by a cytochalasin-sensitive barrier (CSB). This CSB modulation of histamine release can be separated from the modulating effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
Pancreatic Duct Stenosis Mimicking a Tumor due to an Aberrant Vessel
Authors: P. Born, W. Barina, R. Terfloth, A. Fiebig, F. Paul
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

A case of a 74-year-old man is reported who had liver cirrhosis and a mass lesion in the left liver lobe. The search for a potential primary tumor showed a filiform duct stenosis in the pancreatic head on ERCP. The presumptive diagnosis of a pancreatic tumor with a liver metastasis was made. Due to the poor general condition of the patient no further diagnostic steps were undertaken and he died four weeks later from progressive liver failure. On autopsy an aberrant vessel originating from the superior mesenteric artery (arteria pancreatico-duodenalis dextra superior) was found to cause the ductal stenosis; an hepatocellular carcinoma in the left liver lobe, but no pancreatic tumor was detected.
Hospital Staff, Victims, Families Cope With Life-Altering Effects of Violence
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE WRONG PLACE at the wrong time. That's where victims of urban violence say they were when tragedy struck. If their luck changes, they may find themselves afterward in the right place to reclaim a life that has been altered forever by traumatic injury, often from a gun or a knife. This is a story about some of the staff at one of these places and a few of the victims of this country's war against itself. The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (RIC) is not only highly esteemed in Illinois, but the<i>U.S. News &amp; World Report </i>"America's Best Hospitals" survey rated it first in the nation (August 5, 1991). It is one of 135 rehabilitation hospitals and 672 rehabilitation units in general hospitals in the United States. Such facilities used to exist primarily to help patients of all ages who were injured in motor vehicle, diving, and other accidents.
Molecular model of the specificity pocket of the hepatitis C virus proteinase: Implication for substrate recognition Pizzi E, Tramontano A, Tomei L, La Monica N, Failla C, Sardana M, Wood T, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91: 888?892
Authors: K SHIMOTOHNO
Journal: Hepatology (1995)