tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Vascularity in Fibrosing Alveolitis
Authors: Elisabetta A. Renzoni, David A. Walsh, Michael Salmon, Athol U. Wells, Piersante Sestini, Andrew G. Nicholson, Srihari Veeraraghavan, Anne E. Bishop, Hanna M. Romanska, Panagiotis Pantelidis, Carol M. Black, Roland M. du Bois
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The aim of this study was to evaluate interstitial vascularity in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) and in fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis (FASSc). Open lung biopsies from eight patients with CFA, nine patients with FASSc, and normal lung from 12 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer were studied. Markers for endothelial cells (CD34) and cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) were localized by sequential immunohistochemistry and quantified using computer-assisted analysis. Vascular distribution was evaluated at increasing distances (up to 160 microm) from the airspaces. Vessel density was markedly reduced in both FASSc (3.9%) and in CFA (4.5%) compared with control samples (20.4%, p < 0.0001). The percentage of tissue occupied by vessels decreased with increasing distance from alveoli in control samples but not in CFA or FASSc samples. Endothelial cell proliferation indices were increased in FASSc but not in CFA, compared with control samples (p = 0.006). In conclusion, there is net vascular ablation and redistribution of blood vessels in areas of interstitial thickening in both CFA and FASSc, which may contribute to gas exchange impairment.
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Schizophrenia
Authors: Deanna M. Barch
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2005)

Individuals with schizophrenia experience a range of cognitive deficits and associated dysfunctions in the neural systems that support cognitive processes. This chapter reviews the literature on disturbances in working memory, executive control, and episodic memory in schizophrenia. Advances in basic cognitive neuroscience are described to help explain the cognitive neuroscience of schizophrenia. For working memory in schizophrenia, evidence is reviewed regarding deficits in the verbal (phonological loop) and nonverbal (visual-spatial scratch pad) buffer systems as well as in the central executive function. In the domain of episodic memory, evidence is reviewed for deficits in recollection versus familiarity processes in episodic memory. Also discussed are conceptual issues and potential confounds relevant to understanding the cognitive neuroscience of schizophrenia, including the role that cognitive deficits play in the developmental course of schizophrenia, relationships to specific symptom domains, behavioral performance confounds, and medication influences on behavioral performance and brain function.
Reproductive options for prospective parents in families with Huntington's disease: clinical, psychological and ethical reflections
Authors: C. E. M. de Die-Smulders, G. M. W. R. de Wert, I. Liebaers, A. Tibben, G. Evers-Kiebooms
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2013)

BACKGROUNDHuntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative late onset disorder. This review of reproductive options aims to increase reproductive confidence and to prevent suffering in relation to family planning around HD and possibly other late onset neurodegenerative disorders.
Implantation of Immature Neonatal Cardiac Cells Into the Wall of the Aorta in Rats
Authors: Wangde Dai, Sharon L. Hale, Robert A. Kloner
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Morphological and functional development of implanted neonatal cardiac cells in the wall of the abdominal aorta in rats was investigated.Cardiomyocytes from neonatal Fischer rats (both sexes) or medium were injected into the wall of the abdominal aorta in female Fischer rats (n=22 in each group). Two or 6 weeks later, the grafted site was exposed and fixed for histological and immunohistological examination. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the SRY gene to identify male cells was performed in the treated aortas. Seven of 10 cell-treated aortas but none of 10 medium-treated aortas showed spontaneous rhythmic beating at the grafted site after excision of the heart at 2 weeks. Polymerase chain reaction of the SRY gene was positive in 3 cell-treated aortas and none of 3 medium-treated aortas at 6 weeks. Hematoxylin-and-eosin staining showed viable grafts in 9 of 10 aortas at 2 weeks and 9 of 9 aortas at 6 weeks in the cell-treated group but in none of the aortas receiving medium. Neonatal cardiomyocytes in the graft formed compact, longitudinally oriented cardiac muscle bundles and had cross-striations and vascularization. Immunohistochemical staining for sarcomeric actin was positive in 4 of 10 aortas at 2 weeks and 9 of 9 aortas at 6 weeks in the cell group but in none of the aortas in the medium group.Grafted neonatal cardiomyocytes survive, differentiate, grow, develop a blood supply, and spontaneously contract within the wall of the aorta in rats.
Voriconazole versus a regimen of amphotericin B followed by fluconazole for candidaemia in non-neutropenic patients: a randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: BJ Kullberg, JD Sobel, M Ruhnke, PG Pappas, C Viscoli, JH Rex, JD Cleary, E Rubinstein, LWP Church, JM Brown, HT Schlamm, IT Oborska, F Hilton, MR Hodges
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Reduction of diesel exhaust-induced health effects by using a vehicle cabin air inlet filter
Authors: Ala Muala, Anne Bion, Jenny Bosson, Annelie Behndig, Anders Blomberg, Stephane Couderc, Thomas Sandström
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health effects. During exposure in traffic, air pollution concentrations may reach levels that cause symptoms and affect diseases. One way to counteract such effects can be to use an air inlet filter in order to prevent particles and gases from entering the vehicle cabin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two filters to reduce diesel exhaust (DE) related health effects.

Material and Methods: 30 allergic and non-allergic subjects were exposed in an exposure chamber on four occasions during 1 hour; to filtered air, unfiltered DE with PM1 of 340 μg/m3, DE filtered by an ultrafine particle (UFP) filter and a UFP filter with active charcoal (UFP+AC), in random blinded order.

Results: The UFP filter reduced PM1 by 46%, while the UFP+AC filter not only reduced PM1 by 74% but also NO2 by 75% and hydrocarbons by 50%. Headache, dizziness, eye irritation, nasal irritation, unpleasant smell and throat irritation increased significantly after exposure to unfiltered diesel exhaust compared to filtered air. Symptoms were significantly reduced by the UFP+AC filter and were also associated with small but significant improvements in lung function (FEV1, FEF75 and FEF25-75). The UFP filter without charcoal was far less efficient.

Conclusions: The combination filter (UFP + active charcoal) significantly reduced ultrafine particle, NO2 and HC concentrations from diesel exhaust, and significantly improved symptoms and lung function. The study indicates that vehicle cabin air inlet filters should not only contain an ultrafine filter component, as the addition active charcoal was necessary to improve symptoms and respiratory health.
Phase II Study of Donepezil in Irradiated Brain Tumor Patients: Effect on Cognitive Function, Mood, and Quality of Life
Authors: Edward G. Shaw, Robin Rosdhal, Ralph B. D'Agostino, James Lovato, Michelle J. Naughton, Michael E. Robbins, Stephen R. Rapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

A prospective, open-label phase II study was conducted to determine whether donepezil, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's type dementia, improved cognitive functioning, mood, and quality of life (QOL) in irradiated brain tumor patients.Thirty-four patients received donepezil 5 mg/d for 6 weeks, then 10 mg/d for 18 weeks, followed by a washout period of 6 weeks off drug. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12, 24 (end of treatment), and 30 weeks (end of wash-out). All tests were administered by a trained research nurse.Of 35 patients who initiated the study, 24 patients (mean age, 45 years) remained on study for 24 weeks and completed all outcome assessments. All 24 patients had a primary brain tumor, mostly low-grade glioma. Scores significantly improved between baseline (pretreatment) and week 24 on measures of attention/concentration, verbal memory, and figural memory and a trend for verbal fluency (all P < .05). Confused mood also improved from baseline to 24 weeks (P = .004), with a trend for fatigue and anger (all P < .05). Health-related QOL improved significantly from baseline to 24 weeks, particularly, for brain specific concerns with a trend for improvement in emotional and social functioning (all P < .05).Cognitive functioning, mood, and health-related QOL were significantly improved following a 24-week course of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil. Toxicities were minimal. We are planning a double blinded, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of donepezil to confirm these favorable results.
MDM2 and Ki-67 Predict for Distant Metastasis and Mortality in Men Treated With Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer: RTOG 92-02
Authors: Li-Yan Khor, Kyounghwa Bae, Rebecca Paulus, Tahseen Al-Saleem, M. Elizabeth Hammond, David J. Grignon, Mingxin Che, Varagur Venkatesan, Roger W. Byhardt, Marvin Rotman, Gerald E. Hanks, Howard M. Sandler, Alan Pollack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose MDM2 regulates p53, which controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Both proteins, along with Ki-67, which is an established strong determinant of metastasis, have shown promise in predicting the outcome of men treated with radiation therapy (RT) with or without short-term androgen deprivation (STAD). This report compares the utility of abnormal expression of these biomarkers in estimating progression in a cohort of men treated on RTOG 92-02. Patients and Methods Adequate tissue for immunohistochemistry was available for p53, Ki-67, and MDM2 analyses in 478 patient cases. The percentage of tumor nuclei staining positive (PSP) was quantified manually or by image analysis, and the per-sample mean intensity score (MIS) was quantified by image analysis. Cox regression models were used to estimate overall mortality (OM), and Fine and Gray's regressions were applied to the end points of distant metastasis (DM) and cause-specific mortality (CSM). Results In multivariate analyses that adjusted for all markers and treatment covariates, MDM2 overexpression was significantly related to DM (P = .02) and OM (P = .003), and Ki-67 overexpression was significantly related to DM (P &lt; .0001), CSM (P = .0007), and OM (P = .01). P53 overexpression was significantly related to OM (P = .02). When considered in combination, the overexpression of both Ki-67 and MDM2 at high levels was associated with significantly increased failure rates for all end points (P &lt; .001 for DM, CSM, and OM). Conclusion Combined MDM2 and Ki-67 expression levels were independently related to distant metastasis and mortality and, if validated, could be considered for risk stratification of patients with prostate cancer in clinical trials.
Cyclophilin A enhances cell proliferation and tumor growth of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sumalee Obchoei, Sarah M Weakley, Sopit Wongkham, Chaisiri Wongkham, Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth, Qizhi Yao, Changyi Chen
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Abstract Background Cyclophilin A (CypA) expression is associated with malignant phenotypes in many cancers. However, the role and mechanisms of CypA in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are not presently known. In this study, we investigated the expression of CypA in CCA tumor tissues and CCA cell lines as well as regulation mechanisms of CypA in tumor growth using CCA cell lines. Methods CypA expression was determined by real time RT-PCR, Western blot or immunohistochemistry. CypA silence or overexpression in CCA cells was achieved using gene delivery techniques. Cell proliferation was assessed using MTS assay or Ki-67 staining. The effect of silencing CypA on CCA tumor growth was determined in nude mice. The effect of CypA knockdown on ERK1/2 activation was assessed by Western blot. Results CypA was upregulated in 68% of CCA tumor tissues. Silencing CypA significantly suppressed cell proliferation in several CCA cell lines. Likewise, inhibition of CypA peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity using cyclosporin A (CsA) decreased cell proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of CypA resulted in 30% to 35% increases in proliferation of CCA cell lines. Interestingly, neither silence nor overexpression of CypA affected cell proliferation of a non-tumor human cholangiocyte cell line, MMNK1. Suppression of CypA expression attenuated ERK1/2 activity in CCA M139 cells by using both transient and stable knockdown methods. In the in vivo study, there was a 43% reduction in weight of tumors derived from CypA-silenced CCA cell lines compared with control vector CCA tumors in mice; these tumors with stable CypA silencing showed a reduced cell proliferation. Conclusions CypA is upregulated in majority of CCA patients' tissues and confers a significant growth advantage in CCA cells. Suppression of CypA expression decreases proliferation of CCA cell lines in vitro and reduces tumor growth in the nude mouse model. Inhibition of CypA activity also reduces CCA cell proliferation. The ERK1/2 pathway may be involved in the CypA-mediated CCA cell proliferation. Thus, CypA may represent an important new therapeutic target for liver fluke-associated CCA.
Long-lived polyclonal B-cell lines derived from midgestation mouse embryo lymphohematopoietic progenitors reconstitute adult immunodeficient mice
Authors: José A. Martı́nez-M., Susana Minguet, Pilar Gonzalo, Pilar G. Soro, Belén de Andrés, Ana Ízcue, Miguel A. R. Marcos, Marı́a-Luisa Gaspar
Journal: Blood (2001)
ABVD Plus Subtotal Nodal Versus Involved-Field Radiotherapy in Early-Stage Hodgkin's Disease: Long-Term Results
Authors: Gianni Bonadonna, Valeria Bonfante, Simonetta Viviani, Anna Di Russo, Fabrizio Villani, Pinuccia Valagussa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose Radiation therapy (RT) alone can cure more than 80% of all patients with pathologic stage IA, IB, and IIA Hodgkin's disease, but some prognostic factors unfavorably affect treatment outcome. Combined-modality approaches improved results compared with RT, but the optimal extent of RT fields when combined with chemotherapy warranted additional evaluation. Patients and Methods In February 1990, we activated a prospective trial in patients with early, clinically staged Hodgkin's disease to assess efficacy and tolerability of four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by either subtotal nodal plus spleen irradiation (STNI) or involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT). Results Main patient characteristics were fairly well balanced between the two arms. Complete remission was achieved in 100% and in 97% of patients, respectively. The 12-year freedom from progression rates were 93% (95% CI, 83% to 100%) after ABVD and STNI, and 94% (95% CI, 88% to 100%) after ABVD and IFRT, whereas the figures for overall survival were 96% (95% CI, 91% to 100%) and 94% (95% CI, 89% to 100%), respectively. Apart from three patients who developed second malignancies in the STNI arm, treatment-related morbidities were mild. Conclusion Present long-term findings suggest that, after four cycles of ABVD, IFRT can achieve a worthwhile outcome. The limited size of our patient sample, however, had no adequate statistical power to test for noninferiority of IFRT versus STNI. Despite this, ABVD followed by IFRT can be considered an effective and safe modality in early Hodgkin's disease with both favorable and unfavorable presentation.
Virulence determinants of pandemic influenza viruses
Authors: Donna M. Tscherne, Adolfo García-Sastre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Influenza A viruses cause recurrent, seasonal epidemics and occasional global pandemics with devastating levels of morbidity and mortality. The ability of influenza A viruses to adapt to various hosts and undergo reassortment events ensures constant generation of new strains with unpredictable degrees of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and pandemic potential. Currently, the combination of factors that drives the emergence of pandemic influenza is unclear, making it impossible to foresee the details of a future outbreak. Identification and characterization of influenza A virus virulence determinants may provide insight into genotypic signatures of pathogenicity as well as a more thorough understanding of the factors that give rise to pandemics.
Global differences in lung function by region (PURE): an international, community-based prospective study
Authors: MyLinh Duong, Shofiqul Islam, Sumathy Rangarajan, Koon Teo, Paul M O'Byrne, Holger J Schünemann, Ehimario Igumbor, Jephat Chifamba, Lisheng Liu, Wei Li, Tengku Ismail, Kiruba Shankar, Muhammad Shahid, Krishnapillai Vijayakumar, Rita Yusuf, Katarzyna Zatonska, Aytekin Oguz, Annika Rosengren, Hossain Heidari, Wael Almahmeed, Rafael Diaz, Gustavo Oliveira, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Pamela Seron, Kieran Killian, Salim Yusuf
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2013)
Amodal or perceptual symbol systems: A false dichotomy?
Authors: W. Martin Davies
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Although Barsalou is right in identifying the importance of perceptual symbols as a means of carrying certain kinds of content, he is wrong in playing down the inferential resources available to amodal symbols. I argue that the case for perceptual symbol systems amounts to a false dichotomy and that it is feasible to help oneself to both kinds of content as extreme ends on a content continuum. The continuum thesis I advance argues for the inferential content at one end and perceptual content at the other. In between the extremes, symbols might have aspects that are either perceptual or propositional-linguistic in character. I argue that this way of characterising the issue preserves the good sense of Barsalou's recognition of perceptual representations and yet avoids the tendency to minimise the gains won with symbolic representations vital to contemporary cognitive science.
Clonal and Parallel Evolution of Primary Lung Cancers and Their Metastases Revealed by Molecular Dissection of Cancer Cells
Authors: Kenji Takahashi, Takashi Kohno, Shingo Matsumoto, Yukihiro Nakanishi, Yasuhito Arai, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Noriaki Tanaka, Jun Yokota
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Several models of cancer progression, including clonal evolution, parallel evolution, and same-gene models, have been proposed to date. The purpose of this study is to investigate the authenticity of these models by comparison of accumulated genetic alterations between primary and corresponding metastatic lung cancers. Experimental Design: A whole-genome allelic imbalance scanning using a high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism array and mutational analysis of the p53, EGFR, and KRAS genes were done on eight sets of primary and metastatic lung cancers. Based on the genotype data, the natural history of each case was deduced, and candidate metastasis suppressor loci were determined. Results: Five to 20 chromosomal regions showed allelic imbalance in each tumor. Accumulated genetic alterations were similar between primary and corresponding metastatic tumors, and the majority(&amp;gt;67%) of genetic alterations detected in metastatic tumors was also detected in the corresponding primary tumors. On the other hand, in seven of the eight cases, there were genetic alterations accumulated only in metastatic tumors. Among these alterations, allelic imbalances at chromosome 11p15 and 11p11-p13 regions were the most frequent ones (4 of 8, 50%). Likewise, four cases showed genetic alterations detected only in primary tumors. Conclusions: The natural history of each case indicated that the process of metastasis varies among cases, and that all three models are applicable to lung cancer progression. According to the clonal and parallel evolution models, it is possible that a metastasis suppressor gene(s) for lung cancer is present on chromosome 11p.
Pressure oscillations after airway interruption pre- and post-bronchodilator in wheezy preschool children
Authors: David Wertheim, Liz Symes, Cathy Olden, Peter Bridge, Nicole Beydon, Paul Seddon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Changes in mouth pressure during flow interruption (Pmo transients) can be used to assess airway resistance (Rint). Initial pressure oscillations can cause difficulties in estimating Rint but are themselves a marker of airway status as their amplitude increases [1] with bronchodilator (BD) and decreases with methacholine [2].  To investigate this measurement, we analysed Pmo transients pre- and post- bronchodilator in 13 preschool children with recurrent wheeze on 2 separate visits 4 weeks apart. The median (range) age of the children at the first visit was 52 months (38 to 64 months). The amplitude of the first upward oscillation as a proportion of end-interruption pressure was calculated and compared with Rint calculated by linear back extrapolation. The median value of at least 5 acceptable transients was assessed for amplitude (Posc) and Rint by linear back extrapolation (LBE30/70).  Posc increased significantly (paired t-test) with BD both at visit 1, with mean (SD) pre 1.38 (0.25), post 1.63 (0.32) and visit 2, with pre 1.39 (0.29), post 1.61 (0.37). LBE30/70 decreased significantly with BD both at visit 1, mean (SD) pre 1.08 (0.27), post 0.88 (0.21) and at visit 2, pre 1.08 (0.26), post 0.92 (0.22). However there was no significant relation between Posc change and LBE30/70 change in response to BD (Pearson9s correlation coefficient).  These results suggest that Pmo oscillation amplitude after flow interruption may provide an alternative measure of airway mechanics which merits further study.   References:   1Bridge PD et al. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005; 40:420–425.  2Kivastik J et al. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 200; 29:45-52.
383 A COMPARISON OF FATTY LIVER INDEX WITH THREE NON-INVASIVE METHODS FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF LIVER STEATOSIS: REGULAR ULTRASOUND, HEPATORENAL ULTRASOUND INDEX AND STEATOTEST
Authors: S. Zelber-Sagi, M. Webb, M. Leshno, L. Blendis, H. Yeshua, V. Ratziu, R. Almog, Z. Halpern, R. Oren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Rituximab monotherapy for primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: response and follow-up in 16 patients
Authors: J. Valencak, F. Weihsengruber, K. Rappersberger, F. Trautinger, A. Chott, B. Streubel, L. Muellauer, M. Der-Petrossian, C. Jonak, M. Binder, M. Raderer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)