tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: T. M O'Neill, R. Hone, S. Blake
Journal: BMJ (1988)

nervosa-namely, the low body weight, the resistance to eating, the admission that this had been a chronic condition, the lack of children, and the possibility of sexual difficulties in the marriage.Our patient would have been 25 years old when the war began, and it is possible that he already had chronic anorexia.His experience as a prisoner of war may have been used retrospectively to cover up the underlying psychiatric illness.The aetiology of anorexia nervosa remains uncertain.Important life events may act as precipitants and have been found in the backgrounds of many patients with anorexia.The physical and psychological stresses among prisoners of the Japanese during the second world war have been described.' The clinical signs in anorexia nervosa are due to a combination of energy and protein deficiency and could lead to severe cachexia.The predominant atrophy of type two muscle fibres seen in our patient was similar to that seen in women with anorexia nervosa and severe weight loss.2Neuropathy and myopathy have also been described.3Anorexia nervosa is often a relapsing and remitting condition lasting for many years.Our patient is of interest as there is little information about long term outcome in anorexia nervosa.1 Tennant CC, Goulston K, Dent OF.The psychological effects being a prisoner of war: forty years after release.
Desmoplasia in Primary Tumors and Metastatic Lesions of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Clifford J. Whatcott, Caroline H. Diep, Ping Jiang, Aprill Watanabe, Janine LoBello, Chao Sima, Galen Hostetter, H. Michael Shepard, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Haiyong Han
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by high levels of fibrosis, termed desmoplasia, which is thought to hamper the efficacy of therapeutics treating PDAC. Our primary focus was to evaluate differences in the extent of desmoplasia in primary tumors and metastatic lesions. As metastatic burden is a primary cause for mortality in PDAC, the extent of desmoplasia in metastases may help to determine whether desmoplasia targeting therapeutics will benefit patients with late-stage, metastatic disease.We sought to assess desmoplasia in metastatic lesions of PDAC and compare it with that of primary tumors. Fifty-three patients' primaries and 57 patients' metastases were stained using IHC staining techniques.We observed a significant negative correlation between patient survival and extracellular matrix deposition in primary tumors. Kaplan-Meier curves for collagen I showed median survival of 14.6 months in low collagen patients, and 6.4 months in high-level patients (log rank, P < 0.05). Low-level hyaluronan patients displayed median survival times of 24.3 months as compared with 9.3 months in high-level patients (log rank, P < 0.05). Our analysis also indicated that extracellular matrix components, such as collagen and hyaluronan, are found in high levels in both primary tumors and metastatic lesions. The difference in the level of desmoplasia between primary tumors and metastatic lesions was not statistically significant.Our results suggest that both primary tumors and metastases of PDAC have highly fibrotic stroma. Thus, stromal targeting agents have the potential to benefit PDAC patients, even those with metastatic disease.
Asymmetry-Defective Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Are Glioma Precursors
Authors: Sista Sugiarto, Anders I. Persson, Elena Gonzalez Munoz, Markus Waldhuber, Chrystelle Lamagna, Noemi Andor, Patrizia Hanecker, Jennifer Ayers-Ringler, Joanna Phillips, Jason Siu, Daniel A. Lim, Scott Vandenberg, William Stallcup, Mitchel S. Berger, Gabriele Bergers, William A. Weiss, Claudia Petritsch
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
A <i>let-7</i> microRNA-Binding Site Polymorphism in <i>KRAS</i> Predicts Improved Outcome in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Salvage Cetuximab/Panitumumab Monotherapy
Authors: Zenia Saridaki, Joanne B. Weidhaas, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Bart Jacobs, Jef De Schutter, Wendy De Roock, David W. Salzman, Wu Zhang, Dongyun Yang, Camilla Pilati, Olivier Bouché, Hubert Piessevaux, Sabine Tejpar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: An inherited mutation in KRAS (LCS6-variant or rs61764370) results in altered control of the KRAS oncogene. We studied this biomarker's correlation to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: LCS6-variant and KRAS/BRAF mutational status was determined in 512 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with salvage anti-EGFR mAb therapy, and findings correlated with outcome. Reporters were tested in colon cancer cell lines to evaluate the differential response of the LCS6-variant allele to therapy exposure. Results: In this study, 21.2% (109 of 512) of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer had the LCS6-variant (TG/GG), which was found twice as frequently in the BRAF-mutated versus the wild-type (WT) group (P = 0.03). LCS6-variant patients had significantly longer progression- free survival (PFS) with anti-EGFR mAb monotherapy treatment in the whole cohort (16.85 vs. 7.85 weeks; P = 0.019) and in the double WT (KRAS and BRAF) patient population (18 vs. 10.4 weeks; P = 0.039). Combination therapy (mAbs plus chemotherapy) led to improved PFS and overall survival (OS) for nonvariant patients, and brought their outcome to levels comparable with LCS6-variant patients receiving anti-EGFR mAb monotherapy. Combination therapy did not lead to improved PFS or OS for LCS6-variant patients. Cell line studies confirmed a unique response of the LCS6-variant allele to both anti-EGFR mAb monotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusions: LCS6-variant patients with metastatic colorectal cancer have an excellent response to anti-EGFR mAb monotherapy, without any benefit from the addition of chemotherapy. These findings further confirm the importance of this mutation as a biomarker of anti-EGFR mAb response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and warrant further prospective confirmation. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4499–510. ©2014 AACR.
Risk of Kidney Stones
Authors: Bruce Ettinger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The appearance of deposits of triamterene in kidney stones is now widely recognized (1980; 244:2443 and 1981;245:2494). 1-4 We previously reported 2 that 0.4% of all kidney stones analyzed showed some deposits of this drug. We estimated the annual incidence of triamterenecontaining stones to be 1/2,000 users of a mixture of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide). 3   We have done an epidemiologic study to define the risk of kidney stones better in patients exposed to triamterene. We compared 799 patients attending the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Center clinics, San Francisco, who had regularly used Dyazide, with age- and sex-matched control subjects of two types. One group had used hydrochlorothiazide regularly, and the other group received no diuretic therapy. Patients with a history of kidney stones were excluded. The mean duration of follow-up was almost five years, and the mean dosage of Dyazide was one capsule a day, with 17% of
What Monstrous Creature Is This?
Authors: William K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Bookworms may be either insects or humans. Although the insect variety has been with us since the beginnings of history, some people feel that the book is an anachronism and that the bookworm itself will soon disappear, another victim of the computer. Fortunately, such defeatist thoughts have no place in a creative society. Even if the book does become an object of antiquarian interest only, there will still be a place for bookworms. There is substantial justification for this argument: just as our system of medical education, founded in the 18th century, was based on the Scottish programs, so, now, when the bookworm is in danger of being deprived of his very existence by replacement of his food, we can again, according to recent reports, look to Scotland. Here we can find the bookworm of the future (Fig 1) that will be able to chomp up the most advanced computer,
Bone Scan Use in the early detection of Osteoarthritis in patients with increased BMI
Authors: A Motimaya, Q Banks, M. Karimeddini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
From Mesmer to Freud: Magnetic Sleep and the Roots of Psychological Healing
Authors: Alexander A. Levitan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Adam Crabtree, in a scholarly and thoughtful book, has clearly established the seminal role of animal magnetism in modern dynamic psychiatry. In a carefully documented and exquisitely referenced text, Crabtree has established how the concepts initiated by Mesmer and his colleagues under the rubric "animal magnetism" have led to our current conceptualizations of psychodynamic processes and psychopathology. This book will be quite a revelation for those who conceive of Franz Anton Mesmer only as a purple-cloaked charlatan preying on vulnerable hysterics to his own profit, finally unmasked by the Franklin Commission empaneled by Louis XVI of France. In point of fact, Mesmer was a gifted musician, a friend of the Mozarts, and a graduate of one of the most distinguished medical schools in the world at that time, the University of Vienna. He was effective in treating a large number of seriously ill patients who had been deemed hopeless by
Population Explosion — Group Psychotherapy — The Doctor's Wife
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN his presidential address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science Lord Brain spoke of the "population explosion." He declared that the average animal breeder has shown more concern about the consequences of his acts than the ordinary human being about what will happen to his descendants. The animal breeder looks 10 generations or more ahead whereas the human breeder looks forward not more than 2 — if that. He suggested that an international body, sponsored by the United Nations, should be set up to study all aspects of the population problem. These would include present and prospective . . .
Oxidative stress in toxicology: established mammalian and emerging piscine model systems.
Authors: K A Kelly, C M Havrilla, T C Brady, K H Abramo, E D Levin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Interest in the toxicological aspects of oxidative stress has grown in recent years, and research has become increasingly focused on the mechanistic aspects of oxidative damage and cellular responses in biological systems. Toxic consequences of oxidative stress at the subcellular level include lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to DNA and proteins. These effects are often used as end points in the study of oxidative stress. Typically, mammalian species have been used as models to study oxidative stress and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cellular damage and response, largely because of the interest in human health issues surrounding oxidative stress. However, it is becoming apparent that oxidative stress also affects aquatic organisms exposed to environmental pollutants. Research in fish has demonstrated that mammalian and piscine systems exhibit similar toxicological and adaptive responses to oxidative stress. This suggests that piscine models, in addition to traditional mammalian models, may be useful for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress response.
Preventive Care for HIV-Positive Adults
Authors: David M. Bachman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —I am an ophthalmologist treating many patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. In their excellent article entitled Preventive Health Care for Adults With HIV Infection, Jewett and Hecht 1 cite the many medications and methods that have prolonged and improved the lives of many patients with AIDS. Perhaps the worst fate to befall an AIDS patient is CMV retinitis, which will, if untreated, progress to total blindness. We do not yet have an adequate oral preventive drug for CMV retinitis or CMV infection elsewhere in the body. (Neither oral nor intravenous acyclovir prevents CMV infection.) Most internists feel that it is not fair to treat a patient prophylactically with 7 days intravenous ganciclovir or foscarnet, because both drugs require an indwelling venous catheter, with its attendant risk of bacteremia as well as being a great imposition on the patient. We do know, however, that only patients
Abstract P5-18-03: Clinicopathological features among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with prolonged response to trastuzumab based therapy
Authors: I Vaz-Luis, D Seah, E Olson, O Metzger, N Wagle, J Sohl, G Litsas, H Burstein, I Krop, E Winer, NU Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: HER2-positivity is a predictor of benefit from trastuzumab (TRZ), but fails to depict the observed interpatient variability in terms of treatment (tx) duration. In this study we described the relationship between clinicopathological features and TRZ tx duration. Methods: A retrospective consecutive series of 343 HER2+ breast cancer (BC) patients (pts) treated with TRZ at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute from 1999–2008 was identified. 139 pts treated with 1st line TRZ-based tx were selected for analysis. Pts who received any non-TRZ prior tx for metastatic disease were excluded. TRZ tx duration was defined as time from start of 1st line therapy to the 1st day of 2nd line therapy or death. Central nervous system (CNS) progression with TRZ maintenance was not considered change of tx. Pts were divided equally into 3 groups based on the duration of 1st line tx distribution. Short-term responders (STR) were on the 1st line tx for &amp;lt;7 months (m), intermediate responders (IR) 7–15m and long responders (LTR) for &amp;gt;15m. An additional group of extremely LTR (ELTR) was defined as being in the 90th percentile of tx duration (&amp;gt;37m). Descriptive analysis was performed; fisher exact test, Kruskal-Wallis and logistic regression methods were used to compare groups. Results: Median follow-up time since metastatic diagnosis was 4 years (y) (range 0–11). Median age at diagnosis was 47y (22–83), 25% of stage I-III pts at diagnosis received adjuvant/neoadjuvant TRZ. The median disease free interval (DFI) was 20m (0–172), median number of metastatic sites was 2(1–5), 68% of pts had visceral disease. Median duration of 1st line tx was 10m (2–105). TRZ was given with CT in 86%, hormone tx in 6% and as monotherapy in 9%. 25% of pts developed CNS progression and continued tx. There were only small absolute differences for clinicopathological characteristics among STR, IR and LTR. ELTR had a median 1st line TRZ tx duration of 49m (37–105) and similar clinicopathological features to LTR. A higher proportion of LTR had hormone receptor (HR)-positive disease compared with STR, however no significant association between LTR and STR was found for HR status, DFI and visceral involvement. Conclusions: TRZ tx duration varies widely in the 1st-line advanced setting. No clinicopathological features were associated with TRZ tx duration. Our results suggest that despite CNS progression some pts continue to have long term benefit to TRZ tx. A major research priority is to identify molecular predictors of benefit and resistance to anti-HER2-based therapies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-03.
Raymond Keith Mason
Authors: J. Robbins
Journal: BMJ (2002)

General practitioner Plymouth 1951-88 (b Warrington 1924; q Cambridge/Manchester 1948), died suddenly on 1 January 2002.

Keith served in the Royal Army Medical Corps before entering general practice in Plymstock, where he remained for 37 years. A highly intelligent though shy man, he was keenly interested in all things scientific and technological and he had something of the air of a boffin about him. He had a special interest in asthma and had papers published in Nature in the 1960s. Predeceased by his wife, Mary, he leaves two children and two grandchildren.
Serum beta2-microglobulin (beta2-M) levels, as a marker of T-cellular immune response, in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), HbeAg(−) patients during lamivudine monotherapy
Authors: John Elefsiniotis, Ioannis Papanikolaou, Irene Glynou, Margarita Simou, Despoina Papadeli, Eleftherios Georgakopoulos, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Helen Kada, Christos Mavrogiannis, Gerasimos Karvountzis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Issues in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: John S. Millis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Happily, in discussion of the issues in graduate medical education, I was not asked to suggest the resolution of these issues nor the solution of these problems. Therefore, I shall simply delineate issues and identify problems and take the liberty of expressing my personal opinion about their relative importance. I shall confine the discussion to five issues which I believe to be of paramount importance, in my layman's view, and must be faced and resolved most promptly. These issues are (1) discontinuity in the educational process, (2) the persistence of the apprenticeship in the process of education and training, (3) the ineffectiveness and inadequacy in the organization in our present institutions of medical education, (4) the failure to clearly decide on the role of the university in graduate medical education, and (5) the present unsatisfactory balance between generalization and specialization. <h3>Discontinuity</h3> The process of educating and training the future physician
Doctors, Drug Companies, and Gifts-Reply
Authors: Mary-Margaret Chren
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply. —  The volume of personal written correspondence we have received about our article has convinced us that while some, like Dr Gorski, may feel that gifts are trivial to physicians, the issue of gifts is anything but.  We agree with Dr Gorski that emprical data are needed about the effects on prescribing behavior of marketing tactics involving gifts. However, unlike him, we predict that such studies would explain why the industry spends huge amounts of money on promotions, ($5000 per physician each year) ( New York Times Magazine . November 5, 1989:88). Although ours was an ethical analysis and not a quantitative one, the absence of such data should not delay the profession's examination of potential ethical conflicts.  Our hypothesis that prescribing habits are affected is strengthened by available data about how a physician chooses (Dr Gelbart). As we noted, Avorn et al 1 have demonstrated that physicians choose some
A Rare Case of Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Adrenal Gland Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Giorgio Treglia, Luigi Oragano, Guido Fadda, Marco Raffaelli, Celestino Pio Lombardi, Paola Castaldi, Vittoria Rufini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 33-year old man underwent an F-FDG PET/CT searching for the cause of a fever of unknown origin. F-FDG PET/CT incidentally detected a focal area of markedly increased radiopharmaceutical uptake corresponding to a 2.5-cm nodule in the right adrenal gland. Laboratory data ruled out the presence of a functioning adrenal lesion. All these findings were suggestive of adrenal malignancy. After right adrenalectomy, histology showed a benign solitary fibrous tumor of the adrenal gland. This case highlights that benign solitary fibrous tumor should be considered as possible false-positive F-FDG PET/CT finding for malignancy in evaluating adrenal incidentalomas.
ARE SECOND-GENERATION DRUG-ELUTING STENTS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCTION OF PERIPROCEDURAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION POST-PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION?
Authors: Kohei Wakabayashi, Loic Belle, Itsik Ben-Dor, Cedric Delhaye, Sara D. Collins, Nicholas N. Hanna, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Gabriel Maluenda, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, William O. Suddath, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Joseph Lindsay, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
PLAQUE LOCATION IN THE LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY AND TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS IN ANGINA PECTORIS: AN INTEGRATED BACKSCATTER INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND STUDY
Authors: Komura Naohiro, Hibi Kiyoshi, Nakayama Naoki, Kiyokuni Masayoshi, Minami Kazutoshi, Hashiba Katsutaka, Saka Kenichiro, Otsuka Fumiyuki, Nakachi Tatsuya, Maejima Nobuhiko, Iwahashi Noriaki, Okuda Jun, Tsukahara Kenngo, Kosuge Masami, Ebina Toshiaki, Umemura Satoshi, Kimura Kazuo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Too few school nurses to administer proposed flu vaccination programme, experts say
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Flu vaccination is to be extended to all children aged between 2 and 17, at a cost of £100m (€127m; $155m) a year. But how the vaccine will be administered, and by whom, remains uncertain, and the evidence underpinning the decision is unpublished.

The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI), whose recommendation has been endorsed by health secretary Andrew Lansley, admits that severe logistical difficulties need to be overcome first.

They include the supply of the vaccine, the attitude of parents, the shortage of school nurses who would otherwise provide the best mode of delivery for children between 5 and 17 years, and the possibility that extending the programme could disrupt existing flu vaccination for over 65s and those in high risk groups.

Despite these issues, the committee believes that the evidence shows the proposal to be cost effective. In a statement published on 25 July on its website, it says that the study from the Health Protection Agency and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine provided “a suitable and robust basis for informing immunisation policy.”1

But David …
DELAYED RECOVERY OF MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW AFTER CARDIAC STEM CELL ADMINISTRATION LIMITS CELL HOMING
Authors: Mariann Gyongyosi, Rayyan Hemetsberger, Susanne Wolbank, Christoph Kaun, Aniko Posa, Renate Hofer-Warbinek, Rainer de Martin, Florian Gruber, Silvia Charwat, Örs Petnehazy, Zsolt Petrasi, Gerald Maurer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Tzanck smear: Can dermatologists accurately interpret it?
Authors: Melanie C. Grossman, David N. Silvers
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)

The Tzanck preparation is a standard technique for the rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections.This study was designed to determine the ability of practicing dermatologists to interpret Tzanck preparations accurately.Dermatologists at different levels of training interpreted a series of Tzanck preparations under test conditions.Second- and third-year residents had a pooled average for correct responses of 91%; dermatologists in practice less than 10 years, 84%; dermatologists in practice more than 10 years, 67%.Dermatologists are able to use the Tzanck preparation effectively for diagnosing herpetic infections. Second- and third-year residents who are most likely to be diagnosing blistering eruptions in immunosuppressed or otherwise critically ill patients are especially accurate interpreters.