tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
American Society of Clinical Oncology 1998 Update of Recommended Breast Cancer Surveillance Guidelines
Authors: Thomas J. Smith, Nancy E. Davidson, David V. Schapira, Eva Grunfeld, Hyman B. Muss, Victor G. Vogel, Mark R. Somerfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine an effective, evidence-based, postoperative surveillance strategy for the detection and treatment of recurrent breast cancer. Tests are recommended only if they have an impact on the outcomes specified by American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) for clinical practice guidelines. POTENTIAL INTERVENTION: All tests described in the literature for postoperative monitoring were considered. In addition, the data were critically evaluated to determine the optimal frequency of monitoring. OUTCOME: Outcomes of interest include overall and disease-free survival, quality of life, toxicity reduction, and secondarily cost-effectiveness. EVIDENCE: A search was performed to determine all relevant articles published over the past 20 years on the efficacy of surveillance testing for breast cancer recurrence. These publications comprised both retrospective and prospective studies. VALUES: Levels of evidence and guideline grades were rated by a standard process. More weight was given to studies that tested a hypothesis directly relating testing to one of the primary outcomes in a randomized design. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: The possible consequences of false-positive and -negative tests were considered in evaluating a preference for one of two tests providing similar information. Cost alone was not a determining factor. RECOMMENDATIONS: The attached guidelines and text summarize the updated recommendations of the ASCO breast cancer expert panel. Data are sufficient to recommend monthly breast self-examination, annual mammography of the preserved and contralateral breast, and a careful history and physical examination every 3 to 6 months for 3 years, then every 6 to 12 months for 2 years, then annually. Data are not sufficient to recommend routine bone scans, chest radiographs, hematologic blood counts, tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen [CA] 15-5, and CA 27.29), liver ultrasonograms, or computed tomography scans. VALIDATION: The recommendations of the breast cancer expert panel were evaluated and supported by the ASCO Health Services Research Committee reviewers and the ASCO Board of Directors. SPONSOR: American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Targeted Destruction of c-Myc by an Engineered Ubiquitin Ligase Suppresses Cell Transformation and Tumor Formation
Authors: Shigetsugu Hatakeyama, Masashi Watanabe, Yo Fujii, Keiichi I. Nakayama
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Given that expression of c-Myc is up-regulated in many human malignancies, targeted inactivation of this oncoprotein is a potentially effective strategy for cancer treatment. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation is highly specific and can be engineered to achieve the elimination of undesirable proteins such as oncogene products. We have now generated a fusion protein (designated Max-U) that is composed both of Max, which forms a heterodimer with c-Myc, and of CHIP, which is a U box-type ubiquitin ligase (E3). Max-U physically interacted with c-Myc in transfected cells and promoted the ubiquitylation of c-Myc in vitro. It also reduced the stability of c-Myc in vivo, resulting in suppression of transcriptional activity dependent on c-Myc. Expression of Max-U reduced both the abundance of endogenous c-Myc in and the proliferation rate of a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. Furthermore, expression of Max-U but not that of a catalytically inactive mutant thereof markedly inhibited both the anchorage-independent growth in vitro of NIH 3T3 cells that overexpress c-Myc as well as tumor formation by these cells in nude mice. These findings indicate that the targeted destruction of c-Myc by an artificial E3 may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for certain human malignancies.
Identification of a lymphokine that stimulates eosinophil differentiation in vitro. Its relationship to interleukin 3, and functional properties of eosinophils produced in cultures.
Authors: C J Sanderson, D J Warren, M Strath
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Factors stimulating eosinophil differentiation in vitro have been studied by means of a liquid bone marrow culture system in which the number of eosinophils is estimated directly by morphology or indirectly by assay for eosinophil peroxidase. The results show that eosinophil colonies are not formed in agar, emphasizing the importance of the liquid culture system. Three types of evidence identify a novel lymphokine, eosinophil-differentiating factor (EDF). (a) Coordinate analysis of lymphokine activity in media conditioned by a panel of parasite antigen and another panel of alloantigen-reactive T cell clones indicates that EDF is distinct from interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, and bone marrow proliferation activity (BMPA). (b) A T hybrid (NIMP-TH1) produces EDF but no IL-2, IL-3, interferon, or colony-stimulating factor. (c) Gel filtration of conditioned media (CM) indicates that NIMP-TH1 and a T clone (NIMP-T2) produce EDF (Mr 46,000). NIMP-T2 also produced IL-3 (Mr 26,000) but this was easily separated from EDF. IL-3 is also shown to have eosinophil differentiation activity (EDA) but this represents a very small proportion of the EDA in T2-CM. Fractionation of WEHI-3-CM indicates that EDA from this source has a similar elution profile to IL-3 (Mr 35-36,000). Furthermore, a comparison of the relative activities in purified IL-3 and WEHI-3-CM indicates that all the EDA can be attributed to the IL-3 in the latter. EDF is shown to stimulate production of eosinophils in long-term bone marrow cultures; the kinetics of eosinophil production suggests that EDF is acting on committed precursors in the bone marrow. The transient nature of eosinophil production suggests that precursors from multipotential stem cells are not produced. The eosinophils produced in these cultures are morphologically normal and functional in that they lysed sheep red blood cells coated with IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, but not with IgM, IgA, or IgE. In addition, they were capable of adhering to and killing Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula.
Stepping down inhaled corticosteroids in asthma: randomised controlled trial
Authors: G. Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To determine whether the dose of inhaled corticosteroids can be stepped down in patients with chronic stable asthma while maintaining control. <b>Design</b> One year, randomised controlled, double blind, parallel group trial. <b>Setting</b> General practices throughout western and central Scotland. <b>Participants</b> 259 adult patients with asthma receiving regular treatment with inhaled corticosteroids at high dose (mean dose 1430 μg beclomethasone dipropionate). <b>Interventions</b> Participants were allocated to receive either no alteration to their dose of inhaled corticosteroid (control) or a 50% reduction in their dose if they met criteria for stable asthma (stepdown). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Comparison of asthma exacerbation rates, asthma related visits to general practice and hospital, health status measures, and corticosteroid dosage between the two groups. <b>Results</b> The proportions of subjects with asthma exacerbations were not significantly different (stepdown 31%, control 26%, P=0.354). Similarly, the numbers of visits to general practice or hospital and the disease specific and generic measures of health status over the one year period were not significantly different. On average the stepdown group received 348 μg (95% confidence interval 202 μgto494 μg) of beclomethasone dipropionate less per day than the controls (a difference of 25%), with no difference in the annual dose of oral corticosteroids between the two treatment regimens. <b>Conclusions</b> By adopting a stepdown approach to the use of inhaled steroids at high doses in asthma a reduction in the dose can be achieved without compromising asthma control.
Cardiomyocyte-enriched protein CIP protects against pathophysiological stresses and regulates cardiac homeostasis
Authors: Zhan-Peng Huang, Masaharu Kataoka, Jinghai Chen, Gengze Wu, Jian Ding, Mao Nie, Zhiqiang Lin, Jianming Liu, Xiaoyun Hu, Lixin Ma, Bin Zhou, Hiroko Wakimoto, Chunyu Zeng, Jan Kyselovic, Zhong-Liang Deng, Christine E. Seidman, J.G. Seidman, William T. Pu, Da-Zhi Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Cardiomyopathy is a common human disorder that is characterized by contractile dysfunction and cardiac remodeling. Genetic mutations and altered expression of genes encoding many signaling molecules and contractile proteins are associated with cardiomyopathy; however, how cardiomyocytes sense pathophysiological stresses in order to then modulate cardiac remodeling remains poorly understood. Here, we have described a regulator in the heart that harmonizes the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and dilation. We determined that expression of the myocyte-enriched protein cardiac ISL1-interacting protein (CIP, also known as MLIP) is reduced in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. As CIP is highly conserved between human and mouse, we evaluated the effects of CIP deficiency on cardiac remodeling in mice. Deletion of the CIP-encoding gene accelerated progress from hypertrophy to heart failure in several cardiomyopathy models. Conversely, transgenic and AAV-mediated CIP overexpression prevented pathologic remodeling and preserved cardiac function. CIP deficiency combined with lamin A/C deletion resulted in severe dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysfunction in the absence of stress. Transcriptome analyses of CIP-deficient hearts revealed that the p53- and FOXO1-mediated gene networks related to homeostasis are disturbed upon pressure overload stress. Moreover, FOXO1 overexpression suppressed stress-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in CIP-deficient cardiomyocytes. Our studies identify CIP as a key regulator of cardiomyopathy that has potential as a therapeutic target to attenuate heart failure progression.
Studies on the Mechanism of Immunological Enhancement of Tumor Homografts. III. Interaction Between Humoral Isoantibodies and Immune Lymphoid Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Göran Möller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Immunological enhancement was studied specifically to demonstrate the possible occurrence of “efferent” inhibition of transplantation immunity caused by humoral antibodies. Enhancement could be induced in preimmunized foreign recipients by treatment of tumor cells with antibodies in vitro before their inoculation. Tumor cells coated with humoral isoantibodies had a lower capacity to absorb antibodies of the same specificity than untreated cells, as their antigenic receptors seemed partially blocked and could no longer react with antibodies. Passive transfer of humoral antibodies into preimmunized recipients prevented an efficient secondary response. The experiments suggested that enhanced growth of antiserum-treated tumor cells in preimmunized recipients may be caused by a dual effect of antibodies, an “afferent” inhibition of transplantation immunity inhibiting the development of the secondary response and an “efferent” suppression of the homograft reaction protecting the tumor cells from destruction by the immune effector mechanisms. The protective effect of antibodies was studied. Tumor cells were mixed with antibodies and immune lymphoid cells and inoculated into foreign hosts or recipients which were compatible with the tumor cells and lymphoid cells. Antibodies antagonized the neutralizing effect of immune lymphoid cells efficiently in foreign recipients, caused partly by inhibition of the homograft reaction of the host itself and partly by protection of the tumor cells. Protection by humoral antibodies was also demonstrated in compatible recipients and, since the homograft reaction could not interfere, the effect of antibodies could be ascribed exclusively to “efferent” inhibition of transplantation immunity.
Clinical significance of histological classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Authors: K.R. Flaherty, G.B. Toews, W.D. Travis, T.V. Colby, E.A. Kazerooni, B.H. Gross, A. Jain, R.L. Strawderman, R. Paine, A. Flint, J.P. Lynch, F.J. Martinez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) can be subdivided into groups based on the histological appearance of lung tissue obtained by surgical biopsy. The quantitative impact of histological diagnosis, baseline factors and response to therapy on survival has not been evaluated. Surgical lung biopsy specimens from 168 patients with suspected IIP were reviewed according to the latest diagnostic criteria. The impact of baseline clinical, physiological, radiographic and histological features on survival was evaluated using Cox regression analysis. The predictive value of honeycombing on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as a surrogate marker for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) was examined. The response to therapy and survival of 39 patients treated prospectively with high-dose prednisone was evaluated. The presence of UIP was the most important factor influencing mortality. The risk ratio of mortality when UIP was present was 28.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5–148.0; p=0.0001) after controlling for patient age, duration of symptoms, radiographic appearance, pulmonary physiology, smoking history and sex. Honeycombing on HRCT indicated the presence of UIP with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 86%. Patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia were more likely to respond or remain stable (9 of 10) compared to patients with UIP (14 of 29) after treatment with prednisone. Patients remaining stable had the best prognosis. The risk ratio of mortality for stable patients compared to nonresponders was 0.32 (95% CI 0.11–0.93; p=0.04) in all patients and 0.33 (95% CI 0.12–0.96; p=0.04) in patients with UIP. The histological diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia is the most important factor determining survival in patients with suspected idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The presence of honeycombing on high-resolution computed tomography is a good surrogate for usual interstitial pneumonia and could be utilized in patients unable to undergo surgical lung biopsy. Patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia are more likely to respond or remain stable following a course of prednisone. Patients remaining stable following prednisone therapy have the best prognosis.
The most frequently cited papers of Cardiovascular Research (1967–1998) 'The Millennium Minutes'
Authors: T Opthof
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

The impact factor is supposed to reflect the scientific quality of a journal. However, this is not necessarily true for the individual papers published by a journal. The impact factor is based on citations obtained during the first two years after the year of publication. For cardiovascular journals it is known that the zenith in citations is reached after this period [1]. We analyzed the citations to all 3963 papers ever published by Cardiovascular Research .

Table 1 shows the most frequently cited papers since 1967, the first year of publication of Cardiovascular Research , ranked according to the total number of citations and according to the number of citations per year. Close to 100 papers were cited more than 100 times. The first position was taken by a paper from the group …
Anti–IL-20 monoclonal antibody inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts and protects against osteoporotic bone loss
Authors: Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Wei-Yu Chen, Chien-Hui Chan, Chih-Hsing Wu, Zih-Jie Sun, Ming-Shi Chang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

IL-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-10 family that is involved in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and stroke. However, little is known about the role of IL-20 in bone destruction. We explored the function of IL-20 in osteoclastogenesis and the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody 7E for treating osteoporosis. Higher serum IL-20 levels were detected in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. IL-20 mediates osteoclastogenesis by up-regulating the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) expression in osteoclast precursor cells and RANK ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts. 7E treatment completely inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL in vitro and protected mice from OVX-induced bone loss in vivo. Furthermore, IL-20R1-deficient mice had significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) than did wild-type controls. IL-20R1 deficiency also abolished IL-20-induced osteoclastogenesis and increased BMD in OVX mice. We have identified a pivotal role of IL-20 in osteoclast differentiation, and we conclude that anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody is a potential therapeutic for protecting against osteoporotic bone loss.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease in China, 2008–12: an epidemiological study
Authors: Weijia Xing, Qiaohong Liao, Cécile Viboud, Jing Zhang, Junling Sun, Joseph T Wu, Zhaorui Chang, Fengfeng Liu, Vicky J Fang, Yingdong Zheng, Benjamin J Cowling, Jay K Varma, Jeremy J Farrar, Gabriel M Leung, Hongjie Yu
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Open lung biopsy for diffuse interstitial lung disease in children
Authors: M.E. Coren, A.G. Nicholson, P Goldstraw, M Rosenthal, A Bush
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The aim of the study was to investigate the contribution that open lung biopsy makes to the management of children with diffuse interstitial lung disease and to review the procedure-related morbidity in comparison with published literature on other biopsy techniques. The authors reviewed the case notes and histology of patients under 18 yrs who had had an open lung biopsy in 1991-1998 for investigation of diffuse interstitial lung disease. The majority of patients returned from theatre breathing spontaneously and without an intercostal drain. Three out of 27 suffered a complication related to the biopsy that required intervention. A clear histological diagnosis was reached in 25/27 patients resulting in a change of management in 15/27. The most common histological patterns were nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis which generally had a favourable prognosis and follicular bronchiolitis/lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis where prognosis was largely dependent on that of an underlying systemic disorder. It is concluded that open lung biopsy makes a substantial contribution to the management of diffuse interstitial lung disease in children and considering both diagnostic yield and safety, remains the biopsy technique of choice.
Impact of Positive Family History and Genetic Risk Variants on the Incidence of Diabetes
Authors: Matti I. Uusitupa, Alena Stančáková, Markku Peltonen, Johan G. Eriksson, Jaana Lindström, Sirkka Aunola, Pirjo Ilanne-Parikka, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

We aimed to investigate the influence of positive family history (FH+) of diabetes and 19 known genetic risk loci on the effectiveness of lifestyle changes and their predictive value on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS).A total of 522 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomized into the control (n = 257) and intervention (n = 265) groups. The mean follow-up was 6.2 years (median 7 years), and the lifestyle intervention, aimed at weight reduction, healthy diet, and increased physical activity, lasted for 4 years (range 1-6 years). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and assessment of basic clinical variables were performed annually.The effect of intervention on the incidence of diabetes was almost similar in subjects with FH+ compared with subjects with a negative family history (FH-) of diabetes during the entire follow-up. In the Cox model, including FH, genetic risk SNPs, and randomization group, and adjusted for the effects of age, sex, BMI, and study center, only lifestyle intervention had a significant effect (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.41-0.75, P < 0.001) on the incidence of diabetes. Further analyses showed that in addition to the baseline glucose and insulin values, 1-year changes in 2-h glucose and 2-h insulin achieved by lifestyle intervention had a significant effect on the incidence of diabetes.These results emphasize the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in reducing the risk of diabetes in high-risk individuals independently of genetic or familial risk of type 2 diabetes.
Severe isolated myopathic gastroparesis: a case report with pathological findings
Authors: H Sokol, A Lavergne-Slove, J Mikol, J M Sabate, B Coffin
Journal: Gut (2006)

Normal gastric emptying is a complex mechanism involving coordinated gastric and duodenal muscular contractions modulated by the autonomic nervous system, myenteric and submucosal plexus, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which are divided into myenteric (ICC-MY) and intramuscular ICC (ICC-IM), and the central nervous system. Gastroparesis can result from a lesion at any level of these physiological processes.

In 1997, a 47 year old man was referred to Louis Mourier Hospital with longstanding symptoms of gastroparesis associated with pyrosis and regurgitations with progressive worsening. Physical examination and usual laboratory results were normal. An autoimmune study was negative for every antibody, including anti-HU, anti-YO, anti-RI, antinuclear, anti-RO, anti-SSA, anti-intrinsic factor, antigliadin, antiendomysium, anticardiolipid, antithyroperoxidase, and antithyroglobulin antibodies. Serum antibodies of the herpes class virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus were in favour of past infections. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with histological analysis was normal. Gastric scintigraphy showed …
RAPID IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE DIAGNOSIS OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: I Ørstavik, M Grandien, P Halonen, P Arstila, C.H Mordhorst, A Hornsleth, T Popow-Kraupp, J Mcquillin, P.S Gardner
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
Successful Treatment With Vemurafenib in BRAF V600K–Positive Cerebral Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Andrea Forschner, Heike Niessner, Juergen Bauer, Benjamin Bender, Claus Garbe, Friedegund Meier
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

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