tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Relevance of Social Science for Medicine
Authors: Florence A. Ruderman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The main purpose of this book, the editors tell us, is "to demonstrate the relevance of social science concepts [and] data to... the clinical practice of medicine." For the intended audience of "medical and other health science students, physicians [and] clinical investigators and teachers," contributors were asked "to spell out the practical [clinical] significance of their work." The articles deal with such topics as social epidemiology, social network analysis, and social labeling. The contributors are drawn from various social sciences; a number are physicians. One article is of a different nature: this is the survey by Petersdorf and Feinstein of the status of medical sociology in departments of medicine, family practice, and pediatrics that appeared inThe Journalon March 6, 1981 (245:943-950). The book is clearly intended to make a positive statement. This makes it especially disquieting. As friends of the cause, so to speak, the editors have presumably chosen
The Past, Present, and Future of AIDS
Authors: June E. Osborn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertonic saline increases tight junction permeability in airway epithelium
Authors: M. Högman, A-C. Mörk, G.M. Roomans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Asthmatics are known to react to inhaled hyperosmolar solution. Therefore, the effect of hyperosmolar salt solutions on tight junctions of the airway epithelium was investigated by electron microscopy. Rat trachea was perfused with different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) and then fixed from the luminal side with glutaraldehyde to which the electron dense tracer lanthanum chloride had been added. Lanthanum penetrated 3±1% of the tight junctions in trachea perfused with 295 mOsm Krebs-Ringer9s buffer (KRB). Adding NaCl to the KRB (KRB-NaCl) increased osmolarity of the solution. After perfusion with 589 or 876 mOsm KRB-NaCl, lanthanum was observed in the lateral intercellular spaces in 50±11 and 57±6%, respectively. The effect of hyperosmolarity was reversible and only 6±1% of the tight junctions were penetrated after perfusion with 295 mOsm KRB solution following 589 mOsm KRB-NaCl perfusion. Adding mannitol to the KRB to an osmolarity of 589 mOsm only caused 5±1% of the tight junctions to open, even though osmotic effects were observed. Opening the tight junctions with hyperosmolar salt solutions may play a role in exercise-induced asthma. It may also open the prospect for increased penetration of inhaled drugs into the interstitium and the circulation.
Year in Review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2006. III. Circulation, ethics, cancer, outcome, education, nutrition, and pediatric and neonatal critical care
Authors: Peter Andrews, Elie Azoulay, Massimo Antonelli, Laurent Brochard, Christian Brun-Buisson, Daniel De Backer, Geoffrey Dobb, Jean-Yves Fagon, Herwig Gerlach, Johan Groeneveld, Duncan Macrae, Jordi Mancebo, Philipp Metnitz, Stefano Nava, Jerôme Pugin, Michael Pinsky, Peter Radermacher, Christian Richard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Long-term hemodynamic and molecular effects persist after discontinued renin–angiotensin system blockade in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: David Z.I. Cherney, Bernard Zinman, Christopher R.J. Kennedy, Rahim Moineddin, Vesta Lai, Stuart Yang, Judith A. Miller, Stephenie D. Prokopec, Paul C. Boutros, James W. Scholey, Heather N. Reich
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Aggressive Glycemic Control Might Not Be Best Choice for All Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Audit on the use of the barium enema.
Authors: K D Vellacott, J Virjee
Journal: Gut (1986)

All 1358 referrals for barium enemas at Bristol Royal Infirmary in 1981 were studied. The overall diagnostic yield for colonic or distal ileal pathology was 33% with 75 (5.5%) cancers detected. General practitioner requested enemas constituted 25.8% of the total undertaken and their diagnostic yield was equal to hospital outpatient requested enemas. Medical and surgical diagnostic yields were similar for both inpatient and outpatients though the indications varied. Women predominated by 3:2 in all age groups. In the under 409s the yield was low (19.8%) except for inflammatory bowel disease. When related to symptoms the lowest yield was obtained for the investigation of abdominal pain (25%), particularly in women, except in those admitted as inpatients. The clinicians were wrong in diagnosing abdominal or pelvic masses as being of colonic origin in over 50% of cases. It is suggested that yield could be improved by being more selective in patients under 40, more use being made of suitable faecal occult blood testing, and ultrasonic scanning of abdominal masses before barium enema.
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2006. I. Experimental studies. Clinical studies: brain injury, renal failure and endocrinology
Authors: Peter Andrews, Elie Azoulay, Massimo Antonelli, Laurent Brochard, Christian Brun-Buisson, Daniel De Backer, Geoffrey Dobb, Jean-Yves Fagon, Herwig Gerlach, Johan Groeneveld, Duncan Macrae, Jordi Mancebo, Philipp Metnitz, Stefano Nava, Jerôme Pugin, Michael Pinsky, Peter Radermacher, Christian Richard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
Effects of balloon mitral valvuloplasty on left atrial function in mitral stenosis as assessed by pressure–area relation
Authors: Christodoulos Stefanadis, John Dernellis, Costas Stratos, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Spiros Lambrou, Christos Pitsavos, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Indexing Severity of Diabetic Foot Infection With 99mTc-WBC SPECT/CT Hybrid Imaging
Authors: William A. Erdman, Ji Buethe, Rafia Bhore, Hans K. Ghayee, Chiarra Thompson, Param Maewal, Jon Anderson, Steve Klemow, Orhan K. Oz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Management of diabetic foot infection (DFI) has been hampered by limited means of accurately classifying disease severity. New hybrid nuclear/computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques elucidate a combination of wound infection parameters not previously evaluated as outcome prognosticators. Our aim is to determine if a novel standardized hybrid image–based scoring system, Composite Severity Index (CSI), has prognostic value in DFI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Masked retrospective 99mTc-white blood cell (WBC) single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT image interpretation and independent chart review of 77 patients (101 feet) suspected of DFI-associated osteomyelitis at a large municipal hospital between January 2007 and July 2009. CSI scores were correlated with probability of favorable outcome (no subsequent amputation/readmission after therapeutic intervention) during median 342-day follow-up. RESULTS CSI ranged from 0–13. Receiver operating characteristic accuracy for predicting favorable outcome was 0.79 (optimal cutoff CSI, ≤2; odds ratio of therapeutic failure for CSI &amp;gt;2, 15.1 [95% CI 4.4–51.5]). CSI of 0 had a 92% chance of favorable outcome, which fell progressively to 25% as indices rose to ≥7. Image-based osteomyelitis versus no osteomyelitis assessment was less accurate than CSI at predicting outcome (P = 0.016). In patients with intermediate severity (CSI 3–6), treatment failure decreased from 68 to 36% when antibiotic duration was extended to ≥42 days (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS 99mTc-WBC SPECT/CT hybrid image–derived wound infection parameters incorporated into a standardized scoring system, CSI, has prognostic value in DFI.
Macroscopic and microscopic mucinosis in chronicsclerodermoid graft-versus-host disease
Authors: M. Ameen, R. Russell-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract Secondary cutaneous mucinosis is a well-recognized feature of connective tissue diseases such as lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis. We report the first three cases of dermal mucinosis in association with severe chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease of the sclerodermoid variety. One patient had clinical changes due to abundant mucin accumulation within the papillary dermis (mucinoma). In the other two patients histological examination revealed extensive deposits of mucin predominantly within the reticular dermis. The microscopic appearances were striking, with numerous vacuolated spaces interspersed between collagen bundles. We speculate that this appearance is the result of ground substance becoming trapped within grossly sclerodermoid connective tissue.
Phosphate Treatment of Hypercalcaemia Due to Carcinoma
Authors: N. Thalassinos, G. F. Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Thirteen patients with hypercalcaemia due to carcinoma received inorganic phosphate, orally or intravenously, as palliative treatment for their high serum calcium levels. The serum calcium promptly fell in all patients fully treated, and there was a striking clinical improvement in most patients. The blood urea was usually unchanged or became nearer to normal, while the serum phosphate altered variably. Only two of the eight patients who were studied at necropsy had microscopical nephrocalcinosis; corneal calcification was evident in both before phosphate treatment was started.This oral inorganic phosphate (1 gramme thrice daily) is a safe and effective means of treating hypercalcaemia due to carcinoma. An intravenous infusion of 1 gramme over eight hours may sometimes be required initially for patients who are vomiting.
Prescribing rights: are medical students properly prepared for them?
Authors: A. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

I sit watching a battle rage over my head. It has been raging for years and the battle lines are well drawn. Yet, in little more than 14 months, I can get up and skip around these troubles, care free.

I am talking about prescribing rights. The political powers have been thinking about extending them beyond doctors to include nurses, physiotherapists, and pharmacists. And current plans don't limit their formulary. Supplementary prescribers will soon be able to dole out anything they wish.

> We have nothing like the 35 days' training that nurses get 

Where do I come into all this? I am a medical student, coming to the end of my fourth year. In 14 glorious months someone will tap me on the head with a magic wand and I will be a doctor. I have just spent part of my elective working at the BMJ and, as part of that, I attended a conference last month about excellence in prescribing. …
Hepatitis C in the HIV-Infected Person
Authors: Mark S. Sulkowski, David L. Thomas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Because of shared routes of transmission, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in HIV-infected persons, who have been experiencing increasing HCV-related morbidity and mortality since the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy. Infection with HIV appears to adversely affect the outcome of hepatitis C, leading to increased viral persistence after acute infection, higher levels of viremia, and accelerated progression of HCV-related liver disease. In addition, hepatitis C may affect the course and management of HIV infection. The medical management of hepatitis C in HIV-infected persons is complicated by immune suppression, potential drug interactions and toxicities, and other forms of liver disease. In addition, there is little published experience with the safety and efficacy of the best available anti-HCV medications in HIV-infected persons. Thus, current efforts must be directed at preventing HCV and HIV infections and applying the principles learned in treating persons with either infection to manage those with both. Future efforts should include studies of the pathogenesis of HCV infection in HIV-infected persons and large, prospective studies that demonstrate the optimal management of persons co-infected with HIV and HCV. Such efforts will help to eliminate HCV-related liver disease as an emerging threat to HIV-infected persons.
Management of Cancer Pain With Parenteral Medication
Authors: William T. Beaver
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ANALGESICS are most effective in the management of cancer pain when incorporated into a comprehensive regimen of total patient care. Such a regimen includes specific therapy for the cause of pain, which may be the cancer itself, some painful complication, or a nonmalignant intercurrent illness. Measures to decrease other sources of distress and improve the patient's general emotional state are also of great importance. Oral analgesics or analgesic combinations should, when possible, be used in the management of chronic cancer pain.<sup>1,2</sup>Oral analgesic administration offers simplicity and economy, avoids the discomforts and potential complications of repeated injections, makes the patient less dependent on others for his care, and may even obviate the need for hospitalization in some cases. Parenteral administration is most often necessitated by the patient's inability to swallow or retain oral medication. Physicians also frequently resort to parenteral analgesics because of the apparent failure of oral medications
Hybrid hyaluronan hydrogel encapsulating nanogel as a protein nanocarrier: New system for sustained delivery of protein with a chaperone-like function
Authors: Tai Hirakura, Kenji Yasugi, Takayuki Nemoto, Mika Sato, Tsuyoshi Shimoboji, Yoshinori Aso, Nobuyuki Morimoto, Kazunari Akiyoshi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Gastroenterology services: a regional review of changes over a five year period (1981-86).
Authors: B Scott, M Atkinson
Journal: Gut (1989)

A survey of all gastroenterologists in the Trent region showed that the number of upper GI endoscopies had doubled to 7.6 per 1000 of the population from 1981 to 1986, equalling the number of barium meals. Colonoscopies had increased from 0.39 to 0.94 per 1000 of the population. There had been a large increase in the proportion of endoscopies done by surgeons. There were 0.37 ERCP examinations per 1000 of the population done in six of the 12 districts, and 0.17 variceal sclerotherapy procedures per 1000 of the population done in five districts. There was widespread dissatisfaction with the provision of facilities and staff for endoscopy. From 1981 to 1986 the number of consultants with an interest in gastroenterology had increased from 20 to 25, but none of these appointments had been anticipated in 1981. All eight senior registrars in gastroenterology in 1981 had achieved consultant status - three in the region, four in the NHS outside the region, and one abroad.
DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN HONG KONG
Authors: K. O. WONG, Y. F. CHAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. During the 2 years 1965–66 1285 cases of mycologically proven dermatophytosis were seen in the Government Dermatological Clinics in Hong Kong. Tinea cruris and corporis were the commonest forms of infection and T. rubrum was the species isolated in 63·7% of cases. T. rubrum infections were unusual in children, and when they occurred were most often seen in infants, in whom the infection runs an acute inflammatory course and responds readily to treatment. In chronic infection in adults lichenification or nodular prurigo are sometimes associated. T. rubrum infection of the groins very frequently spreads to involve perineum and buttocks.
Lack of Circumcision Increases the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection in Young Men
Authors: David H. Spach
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine whether lack of circumcision increases the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) in adult men.Retrospective case-control study (1987-1990) at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Seattle, Wash.Twenty-six men (median age, 30 years) who had microbiologically confirmed symptomatic UTIs (cases) compared with 52 men (median age, 32 years) who had urinary symptoms but negative urine cultures (controls).Circumcision status among bacteriuric and nonbacteriuric men.The bacteriuric and nonbacteriuric groups were similar in age, race, sexual activity, and sexual preference. Eight (31%) of the 26 bacteriuric men were uncircumcised compared with 6 (12%) of the 52 nonbacteriuric men (P = .037; odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 11.2). Among 19 patients infected with gram-negative bacilli, 8 (42%) of 19 were uncircumcised vs 6 (12%) of 52 nonbacteriuric men (P = .004; odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 19.4). Escherichia coli was the most common urinary isolate (15 of 26 isolates), and the majority of E coli strains possessed urovirulence determinants, including mannose-resistant hemagglutination (10 of 14 isolates), F fimbriae (11 of 14 isolates), P fimbriae (6 of 14 isolates), hemolysin (10 of 14 isolates), and aerobactin (8 of 14 isolates). Although all 26 bacteriuric men had urethral cultures negative for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gram-stained urethral smears showed evidence of urethritis in 17 (68%) of 25 men.(1) Lack of circumcision increases the risk of UTI in young adult men. (2) The majority of these infections result from urovirulent strains of E coli. (3) Clinically, these infections often produce urethritis as well as UTI.
Cigarettes pose dual threat in emphysema
Authors: Tom Hager
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Cigarette smoking poses a double danger for emphysema sufferers, according to a recent report. It is known that smoking deactivates a protein that is seemingly crucial in preventing the disease; it now also appears that smoking prevents the repair of affected lung tissue. But ongoing investigations into the molecular basis of emphysema are doing more than underlining the dangers of smoking; they are providing researchers with targets for early diagnosis and possible treatment. Recent findings in this area were presented by Ines Mandl, PhD, at the recent American Chemical Society meeting in Seattle. For more than a decade, emphysema has been thought to be the result of an imbalance between proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in the lower respiratory tract. Unless kept in check, these enzymes chew away at the connective tissue in the lung, leading to the enlargement of distal air spaces and destruction of alveolar cell walls. Research
Analysis of clonality using X-linked polymorphisms in a patient with multiple myeloma and myelofibrosis
Authors: James P. Stevenson, Roland Schwarting, Stephen J. Schuster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We describe a patient who presented with a neutrophilic leukocytosis, normal karyotype, and IgAλ multiple myeloma. One year after diagnosis she developed diffuse myelofibrosis as well as multiple lytic lesions of bone. Given the myeloproliferative features of her case, the clonality of her peripheral leukocytes was determined prior to treatment. Analysis of X-chromosome inactivation at the X-linked human androgen-receptor gene locus (HUMARA) proved that granulopoiesis was polyclonal. Subsequent treatment of the myeloma reversed with myelofibrosis and normalized her WBC count. This is the first case of multiple myeloma with myelofibrosis in which a concomitant clonal myeloproliferative disease was ruled out at a genetic level. The myeloproliferative features in this case are presumed to be induced by cytokines produced by the plasma cell clone. Am. J. Hematol. 59:79–82, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A double-blind, randomized quantitative comparison of calcitriol ointment and calcipotriol ointment on epidermal cell populations, proliferation and differentiation
Authors: J.E.M. Körver, W.H.P.M. Vissers, D.W.A. Van Rens, M.C. Pasch, P.E.J. Van Erp, J.B.M. Boezeman, P.C.M. Van De Kerkhof
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Calcitriol and calcipotriol are widely used in the topical treatment of psoriasis. However, studies comparing both treatment modalities are scarce. Especially, there are almost no studies comparing the effects on epidermal cell populations in a quantitative manner.
Use of Chemoprophylaxis to Prevent the Spread of<i>Hemophilus influenzae</i>b in Day-Care Facilities
Authors: Claire V. Broome, Edward A. Mortimer, Samuel L. Katz, David W. Fleming, Allen W. Hightower
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Should children in day-care facilities receive rifampin chemoprophylaxis after the occurrence of invasive Hemophilus influenzae b disease in a day-care contact? The magnitude of uncertainty regarding the answer to this question can be gauged by the change in the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendations on the use of rifampin.1 This change and the resulting differences between the recommendations of the Academy and those of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Public Health Service,2 have confused practicing physicians, making it difficult for state and local health departments to achieve consensus in the medical community . . .