tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association Among Sarcoidosis, Type 1 Diabetes, and Charcot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Dario Pitocco, Giuseppe Scavone, Francesco Zaccardi, Giuseppina Gioffrè, Tittania Musella, Francesca Martini, Andrea Manto, Salvatore Caputo, Lorena Mancini, Giovanni Ghirlanda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease. The association between sarcoidosis and type 1 diabetes is rare. We report two cases of sarcoidosis associated with type 1 diabetes complicated by Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (CN).

A subject with type 1 diabetes complicated by peripheral and autonomic neuropathy presented cough and cervical lymphadenopathy. The chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. A mediastinal lymph node biopsy showed noncaseating giant epithelioid cell granulomas. The immunohistological examination of a follicle showed the prevalence of T-cells. The result of a Mantoux test was negative. Bronchoalveolar lavage was sterile. ACE was absent from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased to 40 UI/l (normal <20 UI/l; colorimetric …
Hemoglobin variation and blood transfusion rates in patients affected by locally advanced cervical cancer undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery: the role of erythropoietic growth factors
Authors: F Bellati, M. Pernice, N. Manci, I. Palaia, F. Tomao, C. Marchetti, M.A. Zullo, L. Muzii, R. Angioli, P. Benedeth Panici
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
The relationship between age and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in the rabbit and rat.
Authors: J H Fleisch, C S Hooker
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Relaxation of rabbit and rat aorta by isoproterenol decreases with increasing age, whereas such responses caused by nitroglycerin or sodium nitrite are not age-dependent. In the present study, we sought to determine whether this relationship also exists in pulmonary arteries and portal veins. As was the case with the aorta, isoproterenol-induced relaxation of pulmonary arteries decreased as the animal aged; relaxation by nitroglycerin was minimally altered. Aging did not influence responses of rabbit and rat portal veins to isoproterenol or nitroglycerin. If the responses of these blood vessels are characteristic of the responses of other vascular smooth muscles to vasodilators, then this study suggests a difference in the manner by which arteries and veins age. We also confirmed that isoproterenol-induced relaxation of rabbit and rat aorta markedly decreases with increasing age and that the responses of rat aorta to nitroglycerin are independent of age. Because of the agonist used to contract the tissues prior to drug-induced relaxation, the results of the first series of experiments with nitroglycerin on rabbit aorta were at variance with our earlier findings. When KCl was used to contract the aortas, the mean effective dose (ED50) obtained for nitroglycerin for tissues from 2-year-old rabbits was 8 to 19 times larger than that obtained from 2-month-old rabbits. This ratio dropped to 4 when the tissues were contracted with histamine. Since KCl and histamine contract rabbit aorta by different mechanisms, this finding suggests that, in addition to a specific loss in beta-receptor activity, increasing age results in an alteration in the contraction-relaxation process of rabbit aortic tissue.
Pethidine as an Adjuvant to Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen Anaesthesia
Authors: P. D. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MEDICAL JOURAThe time taken for allergy to develop may be appreciably diminished by increasing the dose used.Although complications are not generally harmful they are nevertheless undesirable, and the effort to secure a mini- mal conversion time should be restricted to selected infants for whose special circumstances the time factor is of great importance.It is suggested that in such circumstances complications may be prevented or minimized by giving the.injections in divided doses at different sites.We are indebted to Professor F. R. G. Heaf for his help in arranging for our supplies of vaccine; to Dr.
Acute gouty bursitis: report of 15 cases.
Authors: J J Canoso, R A Yood
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Fifteen cases of acute gouty bursitis were seen among 136 crystal-proved cases of gout. Bursal aspirate yielded yellow or pink fluid in 10, chalky white fluid in 1, and a small amount of bloody fluid in 4. Monosodium urate crystals were present in all. Bursal fluid leucocyte counts averaged 2.9 X 10(9)/1 compared with synovial fluid leucocyte counts that averaged 25.5 X 10(9)/1 in cases of articular gout (P less than 0.05). Gouty, septic, and idiopathic (traumatic) bursitis share clinical features, and detailed bursal fluid analysis is crucial for diagnosis.
Targeting GLUT1 and the Warburg Effect in Renal Cell Carcinoma by Chemical Synthetic Lethality
Authors: Denise A. Chan, Patrick D. Sutphin, Phuong Nguyen, Sandra Turcotte, Edwin W. Lai, Alice Banh, Gloria E. Reynolds, Jen-Tsan Chi, Jason Wu, David E. Solow-Cordero, Muriel Bonnet, Jack U. Flanagan, Donna M. Bouley, Edward E. Graves, William A. Denny, Michael P. Hay, Amato J. Giaccia
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

A screen identifies a drug that specifically kills glycolysis-dependent cancer cells by inhibiting glucose uptake.
Modern drug development from traditional medicinal plants using radioligand receptor-binding assays
Authors: Renuka Misra
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1998)

Traditional medicinal plants in various countries, particularly in India have been used for centuries for various ailments; however, there has been little scientific effort to validate these anecdotal uses mentioned in the literature. A number of these traditionally used plant extracts and various "Ayurvedic medicines" that are highly valued in Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine in India for antiaging, memory-enhancing, nerve tonic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and immunopotentiation, have been screened using National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Synthetic Screening Program for scientific validation and the development of new leads of psychotherapeutic compounds using Radioligand Receptor Binding Assays (RRA). Crude methanolic extracts of plants are screened using approximately 40 different in vitro RRA (primarily from rat brain homogenates) and 6 enzyme assays including acetylcholine esterase, choline acetyltransferase, and monoamine oxidase (MAO), A and B. The total crude extracts of many of these plants showed potent selectivity to various receptors, especially γ-Amino Butyric Acid (GABAA), N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid (NMDA), and MAO receptors, which are presumed to be involved in mental disorders. The focus was on plants showing the highest displacement of GABA, cholecystokinin (CCK), NMDA, MAO, and benzodiazopines. Bioassay guided fractionation of the most active extracts resulted in pure compounds which retained the original activity of the crude extract validating the folkloric use. A bioactivity-guided fractionation of Terminalia bellerica fruit extract led to the isolation of several pure compounds which retained the original activity of the crude extract for CCK and GABA receptors, with the exception of compound B3EA-6, which exhibited high affinity for Neurokinin receptor (Substance K ∼ NK-1). The absolute structure of B3EA-6 has been established by x-ray crystallography. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 18, No. 6, 383–402, 1998.
Downregulation of MicroRNA-200 in EBV-Associated Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Aya Shinozaki, Takashi Sakatani, Tetsuo Ushiku, Rumi Hino, Maya Isogai, Shunpei Ishikawa, Hiroshi Uozaki, Kenzo Takada, Masashi Fukayama
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract EBV-associated gastric carcinoma is a distinct gastric carcinoma subtype with characteristic morphologic features similar to those of cells that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The effect of microRNA abnormalities in carcinogenesis was investigated by measuring the expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–related microRNAs, miR-200a and miR-200b, in 36 surgically resected gastric carcinomas using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. MiR-200 family expression was decreased in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma, as compared with that in EBV-negative carcinoma. Downregulation of the miR-200 family was found in gastric carcinoma cell lines infected with recombinant EBV (MKN74-EBV, MKN7-EBV, and NUGC3-EBV), accompanied by the loss of cell adhesion, reduction of E-cadherin expression, and upregulation of ZEB1 and ZEB2. E-cadherin expression was partially restored by transfection of EBV-infected cells with miR-200 family precursors. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of primary precursors of miR-200 (pri-miR-200) revealed that the transcription of pri-miR-200 was decreased in EBV-infected cells. Transfection of MKN74 cells with BARF0, EBNA1, and LMP2A resulted in a decrease of pri-miR-200, whereas transfection with EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) did not. These four latent genes contributed to the downregulation of the mature miR-200 family and the subsequent upregulation of ZEB1/ZEB2, resulting in the reduction of E-cadherin expression. These findings indicate that all the latency type I genes have a synergetic effect on the downregulation of the miR-200 family that leads to reduced E-cadherin expression, which is a crucial step in the carcinogenesis of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4719–27. ©2010 AACR.
Sensitivity of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test in culture-verified NTM disease and TB in a Danish setting
Authors: Thomas Stig Hermansen, Vibeke Østergaard Thomsen, Pernille Ravn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold(QTF) test can be used to discriminate between tuberculosis(TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease. The QFT-test has a higher specificity and sensitivity for infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) compared to the tuberculin skin test, but only few studies have included a large number of patients on a nation-wide basis.

Methods: We have studied 12000 QTF-tests obtained between 2009-2011 from a Danish national database. Results of mycobacterial cultures were avaliable for 300 patients. Perfomance of the QTF-test in the group of patients with active TB and NTM disease was evaluated.

Results: 202 patients had positive culture for M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) and a QFT done. We found 165 positive, 29 negative and 8 indeterminate results, resulting in a sensitivity of 81,7 %. In total 98 patients had culture verified NTM infection (species known to share the ESAT6 and CFP10 antigens were excluded, n=6). We found 15 positive, 68 negative and 9 indeterminate results. The causative microorganisms of NTM pulmonary disease were: M. avium (52%), M.gordonae (17%), M. Cellatum (7%),M. Malmoense (6%), M. xenopi (4%), M. intracellulare (4%), M. kansasii (4%). 

Conclusion: The sensitivity of the QFT-test in Denmark, a low-burden TB setting; corresponds well with ealier findings. In a large population of patients with NTM we found a specificity of 74% for infection and a relatively high indeterminate rate. The impact of prior BCG vaccination, MTB exposure and immunodeficiency on specificity and indeterminate rate in the NTM group will be further explored.
Book Review: Experiment: Conversations in Art and Science
Authors: C J Dickinson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

sciart (no capital letters) is the name of a Wellcome Trust funded scheme which is also supported by the Arts Council of England, the British Council, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. Its object is to explore and show the links between art and science in many different areas. Some 32 projects were awarded grants during the period 2000–2002. This publication gives an account of seven of them. The result is a collection as diverse as might be imagined. They include a study of jellyfish, which was made into a film; an appreciation of cognitive behavioural techniques (called ‘How to Live’); an illustrated review of the epidemiology of malaria in Kenya and Uganda; a rather strange account of organ music, concentrating on the low-frequency vibrations/sounds produced by so-called 32 foot organ pipes (described by the authors as ‘soundless music’); drawings and paintings by seriously disabled young people (entitled ‘Navigating Memories’); a description of a 4-minute piece of music by the French composer Marais, inspired by the operation (endured by Pepys) of being cut to remove a bladder stone; and an introduction to the mathematics of juggling, called ‘Baby Epsilons’. In each of these diverse fields the authors found artistic inspiration which is appropriately illustrated. No consistent theme emerges. For example, there are photographs of the old Southwark operating theatre, the surgical instruments used in it, and a manuscript of music describing the bladder operation. The first chapter contains coloured photographs of exotic jellyfish.

For most of these projects the adjective ‘self-indulgent’ springs to my mind. Clearly the grant holders have enjoyed themselves and the book conveys their enjoyment quite successfully. Much the most interesting chapter (to this reviewer) contained brief life stories of seriously disabled children, alongside some of their paintings and drawings. I found this chapter inspiring—a reminder of how human beings can overcome appalling handicaps.

There are some irritations. Some of the black and white photographs are poorly reproduced. Artistically small type (? 8-pt) is used unnecessarily in many places, with large blank spaces between lines and around paragraphs. The book illustrates almost too well what one of the editors calls ‘randomness in scientific method’, leaving the reader with the impression that the ‘sciart’ scheme will fund almost anything, however bizarre. But I would have to admit that the authors have given an account of some decent science which has also inspired some attractive art.
Identification of Targetable FGFR Gene Fusions in Diverse Cancers
Authors: Yi-Mi Wu, Fengyun Su, Shanker Kalyana-Sundaram, Nickolay Khazanov, Bushra Ateeq, Xuhong Cao, Robert J. Lonigro, Pankaj Vats, Rui Wang, Su-Fang Lin, Ann-Joy Cheng, Lakshmi P. Kunju, Javed Siddiqui, Scott A. Tomlins, Peter Wyngaard, Seth Sadis, Sameek Roychowdhury, Maha H. Hussain, Felix Y. Feng, Mark M. Zalupski, Moshe Talpaz, Kenneth J. Pienta, Daniel R. Rhodes, Dan R. Robinson, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Through a prospective clinical sequencing program for advanced cancers, four index cases were identified which harbor gene rearrangements of FGFR2, including patients with cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. After extending our assessment of FGFR rearrangements across multiple tumor cohorts, we identified additional FGFR fusions with intact kinase domains in lung squamous cell cancer, bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, oral cancer, glioblastoma, and head and neck squamous cell cancer. All FGFR fusion partners tested exhibit oligomerization capability, suggesting a shared mode of kinase activation. Overexpression of FGFR fusion proteins induced cell proliferation. Two bladder cancer cell lines that harbor FGFR3 fusion proteins exhibited enhanced susceptibility to pharmacologic inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Because of the combinatorial possibilities of FGFR family fusion to a variety of oligomerization partners, clinical sequencing efforts, which incorporate transcriptome analysis for gene fusions, are poised to identify rare, targetable FGFR fusions across diverse cancer types. Significance: High-throughput sequencing technologies facilitate defining the mutational landscape of human cancers, which will lead to more precise treatment of patients with cancer. Here, through integrative sequencing efforts, we identified a variety of FGFR gene fusions in a spectrum of human cancers. FGFR fusions are active kinases. Cells harboring FGFR fusions showed enhanced sensitivity to the FGFR inhibitors PD173074 and pazopanib, suggesting that patients with cancer with FGFR fusions may benefit from targeted FGFR kinase inhibition. Cancer Discov; 3(6); 636–47. ©2013 AACR. See related commentary by Sabnis and Bivona, p. 607 This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 591
A multivariate analysis of mortality and hospital admissions with high-flux dialysis.
Authors: J C Hornberger, M Chernew, J Petersen, A M Garber
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

The use of high-flux dialysis in clinical practice increased rapidly despite an absence of reports on the clinical effectiveness of the technique. Mortality and hospital admission rates of patients treated with high-flux dialysis were evaluated and compared with those of patients treated with conventional dialysis in a hospital-based renal dialysis unit in northern California. By use of a retrospective, cross-over design, 253 patients enrolled in the dialysis unit from January 1987 to January 1991 were studied. During this period, 107 patients were treated with high-flux dialysis for at least 1 month, and all but 17 of them had received conventional dialysis before switching to high-flux dialysis. The remaining 146 patients were treated with only conventional dialysis. Of the 80 patients who died during the study period, 69 were receiving conventional dialysis and 11 were receiving high-flux dialysis. The multivariate analyses, adjusted for age, gender, ethnic background, type of renal failure, comorbid conditions, and duration of ESRD, showed that annual mortality was substantially less for patients treated with high-flux dialysis compared with that for patients treated with conventional dialysis (7 versus 20%; P < 0.001). The difference in the rate of hospital admissions was not statistically significant. In this nonexperimental study, methods were applied to control for selectivity bias and other factors that might confound the apparent treatment effect. The findings suggest that the potential benefits of high-flux dialysis are sufficient to justify further confirmation in a randomized, controlled trial.
Activation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling by a Gemini Vitamin D3 Analogue Is Mediated by Ras/Protein Kinase Cα
Authors: Hong Jin Lee, Yan Ji, Shiby Paul, Hubert Maehr, Milan Uskokovic, Nanjoo Suh
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, and they play an important role for embryonic development, for bone and cartilage formation, and during carcinogenesis. We have previously shown that the novel Gemini vitamin D3 analogue, Ro-438-3582 [Ro3582; 1α,25-dihydroxy-20S,21(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-23-yne-26,27-hexafluorocholecalciferol], inhibited cell proliferation and activated the BMP/Smad signaling pathway in MCF10AT1 breast epithelial cells. In this report, we investigated the upstream signaling pathways responsible for the activation of BMP/Smad signaling by Ro3582. Among seven different serine/threonine kinase inhibitors that we tested, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors blocked the effects of Ro3582 on the phosphorylation of Smad1/5, mRNA synthesis for BMP-2 and BMP-6, and cell growth in MCF10AT1 cells. Overexpression of PKCα, but not PKCε, PKCδ or PKCζ isoforms, increased Ro3582-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5, suggesting that PKCα mediates the activation of Smad signaling and inhibition of cell proliferation. Interestingly, the activation of Smad signaling by Ro3582 was shown in Ha-ras–transfected MCF10AT1 cells, but not in the parent cell line (MCF10A without Ras). Inhibiting Ras activity blocked the translocation of PKCα to the plasma membrane and the phosphorylation of Smad1/5 induced by Ro3582, indicating that Ras is necessary for the activation of PKCα and Smad signaling. In conclusion, Ro3582 inhibits cell proliferation and activates BMP/Smad signaling via a Ras and PKCα pathway in breast epithelial cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11840–7]
A Cyclazocine Typology in Opiate Dependence
Authors: RICHARD B. RESNICK, MAX FINK, ALFRED M. FREEDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors present a typological classification useful in the therapy of opiate dependence based on patients' self-ratings of their need for opiates. Fourteen male subjects on cyclazocine treatment for up to two and one-half years reported less dependence on opiates for normal functioning than 17 male subjects who discontinued treatment. The existence of a consistent heterosexual relationship was significant in successful cyclazocine treatment. Enlisting patients' wives to supervise the daily cyclazocine intake has proven useful.
Autologous hapten-modified melanoma vaccine as postsurgical adjuvant treatment after resection of nodal metastases.
Authors: D Berd, H C Maguire, L M Schuchter, R Hamilton, W W Hauck, T Sato, M J Mastrangelo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To determine whether treatment with an autologous whole-cell vaccine modified with the hapten dinitrophenyl (DNP vaccine) is an effective postsurgical adjuvant treatment for melanoma patients with clinically evident nodal metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had regional nodal metastases that were large enough (&gt; or = 3 cm diameter) to prepare vaccine. Following standard lymphadenectomy, patients were treated with DNP vaccine on a monthly or weekly schedule. RESULTS Of 62 patients with metastasis in a single lymph node bed (stage III), 36 are alive after a median follow-up time of 55 months (range, 29 to 76); the projected 5-year relapse-free and overall survival rates are 45% and 58%, respectively. Of 15 patients with metastases in two nodal sites, five are alive with a median follow-up time of 73 months. An unexpected finding was the significantly better survival of older patients; the projected 5-year survival of patients greater than 50 versus &lt; or = 50 years was 71% and 47%, respectively (P = .011, log-rank test). The development of a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to unmodified autologous melanoma cells was associated with significantly longer 5-year survival (71% v 49%; P = .031). Finally, the median survival time from date of first recurrence was significantly longer for patients whose subcutaneous recurrence exhibited an inflammatory response (&gt; 19.4 v 5.9 months; P &lt; .001). CONCLUSION Postsurgical adjuvant therapy with autologous DNP-modified vaccine appears to produce survival rates that are markedly higher than have been reported with surgery alone. Moreover, this approach has some intriguing immunobiologic features that might provide insights into the human tumor-host relationship.