tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of receipt and timeliness of treatment in socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer survival: population-based, data-linkage study
Authors: Lynne F Forrest, Jean Adams, Greg Rubin, Martin White
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Lung cancer survival is socioeconomically patterned, and socioeconomic inequalities in receipt of treatment have been demonstrated. In England, there are target waiting times for the referral (14 days) and treatment intervals (31 days from diagnosis, 62 days from GP referral). Socioeconomic inequalities in the time intervals from GP referral have been found. Cancer registry, Hospital Episode Statistics and lung cancer audit data were linked in order to investigate the contribution of these inequalities to socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer survival. <h3>Methods</h3> Logistic regression was used to examine the likelihood of being alive 2 years after diagnosis, by socioeconomic position, for 22 967 lung cancer patients diagnosed in 2006–2009, and in a subset with stage recorded (n=5233). <h3>Results</h3> Socioeconomic inequalities in survival were found in a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, histology, year, timely GP referral, performance status and comorbidity, with those in the most deprived socioeconomic group significantly less likely to be alive after 2 years (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.88, p&lt;0.001). When receipt of treatment was included in the analysis, the association no longer remained significant (OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.00, p=0.06). Addition of timeliness of treatment did not alter the conclusion. Patients treated within guideline targets had lower likelihood of two-year survival. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Socioeconomic inequalities in survival from lung cancer were statistically explained by socioeconomic inequalities in receipt of treatment, but not by timeliness of referral and treatment. Further research is required to determine the currently unexplained socioeconomic variance in treatment rates.
Driven to distraction
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Talk to grandparents and they will agree that they can remember as children complaining of being bored. I suspect that children today become bored rather more quickly. Might a shortened attention span be part of the popular culture?

Children—or at least children in affluent societies—are exposed to a continuous blast of advertising urging them to abandon last month's computer game for a new one and to watch the latest, brightest, noisiest television show. Of course children have always been creatures of fashion, though in the old days the switch from marbles to conkers was determined not by the advertiser but by …
MVPP chemotherapy regimen for advanced Hodgkin's disease
Authors: S B Sutcliffe, P F M Wrigley, J Peto, T A Lister, A G Stansfeld, J M A Whitehouse, D Crowther, J S Malpas
Journal: BMJ (1978)

During January 1968 to December 1972, 133 patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease (HD) were admitted to hospital for combination chemotherapy with mustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolone (MVPP regimen). Remission rates were 76% among 49 untreated patients and 90% among 42 patients who had relapsed after radiotherapy. The corresponding five-year survival rates were 65% and 86% respectively. Provided the observed yearly mortality (6%) remains unchanged 75% of patients who had previously received no treatment or irradiation and achieved remission are expected to continue in first remission after five years. Forty-two patients had received prior chemotherapy. They had lower remission and five-year survival rates (40% and 33% respectively), and fewer than half of those achieving remission were still in first remission after five years. There were several reasons for the poor prognosis in this group, including advanced-stage disease (stage IVB), age over 40, and achievement of remission.Chemotherapy was administered on an outpatient basis. Haematological toxicity and immediate drug-related side effects were similar to those of other regimens but there was no appreciable neurotoxicity. Most deaths were due to either HD itself or complications of advanced disease. Five malignancies other than HD occurred in patients who had received both single-agent chemotherapy and radiotherapy before MVPP chemotherapy. Two patients developed osteonecrosis of the femoral heads.Combination chemotherapy has a profound effect on the prognosis of advanced HD. The MVPP regimen yields results comparable to those of other regimens but with perhaps less toxicity.
Assessing Myocardial Damage in Acute Infarcts
Authors: Peter R. Maroko
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Since investigations in laboratory animals have shown that the size of a myocardial infarction after coronary-artery occlusion can be changed by physiologic and pharmacologic interventions,1 , 2 it has been of great interest to measure extensions and reductions in the size of evolving infarctions in patients. Two technics — mapping of precordial ST-segment elevation3 and disappearance curves of serum creatine phosphokaniase (CPK)4—were developed to measure atraumatically changes in infarct size or myocardial injury in patients. Each of these two methods has its advantages and its inherent shortcomings. Determination of serial serum CPK activity makes it possible to estimate the mass of . . .
Displacement of Submacular Hemorrhages in Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Subretinal Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Air
Authors: Kazuaki Kadonosono, Akira Arakawa, Shin Yamane, Maiko Inoue, Tadashi Yamakawa, Eiichi Uchio, Yasuo Yanagi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
GALLSTONES IN CHILDREN
Authors: J. D. Carey
Journal: JAMA (1926)

F. B., a girl, American, aged 9 years and 3 months, weighing 65 pounds (29 Kg.), who was referred by another physician for operation for appendicitis, always had been well except for the usual diseases of childhood, until two years previously. Since then, she had had attacks of abdominal pain of such character and severity that she was compelled to be absent from school on an average of four days each month. The pain was located in the right side, associated with vomiting, slight fever and a small degree of rigidity. Attacks would come on suddenly and confine her to bed for a period lasting from two to four days. There was no jaundice or clay colored stools; the bowels were regular, and no digestive disturbance occurred between attacks. The appendix was removed and showed signs of slight chronic inflammation, though not sufficient, in my opinion, to cause the amount
A Letter From Joseph Lister to Dr David Walsh
Authors: Ralph R. Landes
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE GIFT of a previously unpublished letter (Fig 1) written by Joseph Baron Lister to a Dr Walsh dated April 12, 1897, prompted us to investigate the identity of the addressee and the circumstances alluded to in its contents.  The letter is written on the black-bordered stationery customarily used by Lister following the death of Lady Lister in 1893. His London address, in bold print at the top of the page, is circled. The address of his country house, High Cliff, at Lyme Regis in Dorset on England's south coast is written in, indicating that the letter was written there. At this time Lister had reached the age of 70 years. He had retired from practice but remained extremely active in public affairs. He often sought refuge and rest from his demanding schedule at his beloved High Cliff.  This short and courteous but blunt letter was obviously in response to
Don’t Always Trust the Guide!
Authors: M. Fried, D. Urbain
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

A 65-year-old patient was admitted to our ward with jaundice due to stone impaction in the common bile duct (CBD), visualized by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) was performed, and after visualization of the main pancreatic duct, the sphincterotome (5-mm/5-Fr cannulatome) was successfully introduced into the first part of the CBD so that opacification of the latter was achieved (Figure [1]) .
Abstract 4674: Finding cancer biomarkers in platelets
Authors: Lee-Ann Tjon-Kon-Fat, Marie Lundholm, Thomas Wurdinger, Camilla Thellenberg, Anders Widmark, Pernilla Wikström, Jonas Nilsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: In the development of personalized medicine we need a window in to the tumor; it should be minimal invasive, being able to find the disease and follow how the tumor alters its behaviour to circumvent the treatment. Platelets could be one such window, with its ability to sequester tumor-derived material during its passage through the circulation. Material &amp; Methods: With conventional quantitative PCR and microarray techniques “potential” biomarkers were analysed from WTA (whole transcriptome amplified) platelet-derived RNA isolated from cancer patients and healthy controls. Results: We demonstrate that platelets contain several cancer-associated RNA biomarkers. In addition, there was a distinct biomarker signature in platelets from cancer patients of different grades as compared to normal control subjects. Conclusion: These findings are preliminary, and need to be validated in a larger patient cohort. However, they support our earlier findings in gliomas that platelets may carry the needle from the haystack that will give us a window into the cancer biology of individual patients. Citation Format: Lee-Ann Tjon-Kon-Fat, Marie Lundholm, Thomas Wurdinger, Camilla Thellenberg, Anders Widmark, Pernilla Wikström, Jonas Nilsson. Finding cancer biomarkers in platelets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4674. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4674
Paclitaxel-Loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles for Intravesical Bladder Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ze Lu, Teng-Kuang Yeh, Max Tsai, Jessie L.-S. Au, M. Guill Wientjes
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The present report describes the development of paclitaxel-loaded gelatin nanoparticles for use in intravesical therapy of superficial bladder cancer. The commercial formulation of paclitaxel contains Cremophor, which forms micelles and thereby entraps the drug and reduces its partition across the urothelium. Experimental Design: Paclitaxel-loaded gelatin nanoparticles were prepared using the desolvation method, and their physicochemical and biological properties were characterized. Results: The size of the particles ranged from 600 to 1,000 nm and increased with the molecular weight of the gelatin polymer. Under optimal conditions, the yield was &amp;gt;80%, and the drug loading was 0.7%. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the entrapped paclitaxel was present in an amorphous state, which has higher water solubility compared with the crystalline state. Identical, rapid drug release from nanoparticles was observed in PBS and urine, with ∼90% released at 37°C after 2 hours. Treatment with a protease (i.e., Pronase) rapidly degraded the nanoparticles, with half-lives of 23.8 minutes, 0.6 minute, and 0.4 minute in the presence of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.25 mg/mL Pronase, respectively. The paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles were active against human RT4 bladder transitional cancer cells; the IC50 paclitaxel-equivalent concentrations were nearly identical to those of aqueous solutions of paclitaxel, i.e., ∼30 nmol/L (equivalent to ∼25 ng/mL) for 2-hour treatments and ∼4 nmol/L for 96-hour treatments. In dogs given an intravesical dose of paclitaxel-loaded particles, the drug concentrations in the urothelium and lamina propria tissue layers, where Ta and T1 tumors would be located, were 7.4 ± 4.3 μg/g (mean ± SD; 3 dogs; 9 tissue sections), which were 2.6× the concentrations we reported for dogs treated with the Cremophor formulation. Conclusions: Paclitaxel-loaded gelatin nanoparticles represent a rapid release, biologically active paclitaxel formulation that can be used for intravesical bladder cancer therapy.
Risks of Weight Lifting
Authors: William S. Breall
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to add a few comments to those already made regarding the question (<b>211</b>:2163, 1970) whether or not there were any harmful effects from weight lifting. The answers given seemed to indicate that weight lifting was indeed quite good. The only precautions put forth were those of musculoskeletal difficulties arising from improper techniques or accidents. They seemed to gloss over a 160/100 mm Hg blood pressure as being insignificant. As a former weight lifter and as a specialist in cardiovascular disease, I would like to note a few other possible dangers that may arise in a given individual. First of all, a weight lifter should learn to breathe properly. He should be instructed never to close his glottis and strain down after taking a deep breath. This would produce a Valsalva maneuver which might result in syncope. Also, this maneuver could result in rupturing of
Urinary Excretion of Prednisolone after Intrarectal Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: W. A. Wood, G. Walters, S. G. F. Matts
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Cellular and circuit hyperexcitability are core features of Fragile X Syndrome and related autism spectrum disorder models. However, a synaptic basis for this hyperexcitability has proved elusive. We show in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome, glutamate uncaging onto individual dendritic spines yields stronger single-spine excitation than wild-type, with more silent spines. Furthermore, near-simultaneous uncaging at multiple spines revealed fewer spines are required to trigger an action potential. This arose, in part, from increased dendritic gain due to increased intrinsic excitability, resulting from reduced hyperpolarization-activated currents. Super-resolution microscopy revealed no change in dendritic spine morphology, pointing to an absence of a structure-function relationship. However, ultrastructural analysis revealed a 3-fold increase in multiply-innervated spines, accounting for the increased single-spine excitatory currents following glutamate uncaging. Thus, loss of FMRP causes abnormal synaptogenesis, leading to large numbers of poly-synaptic spines despite normal spine morphology, thus explaining the synaptic perturbations underlying circuit hyperexcitability.
Multicenter randomized phase II trial of idarubicin vs mitoxantrone, combined with VP-16 and cytarabine for induction/consolidation therapy, followed by a feasibility study of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: E Archimbaud, U Jehn, X Thomas, F De Cataldo, G Fillet, A Belhabri, P-Y Peaud, C Martin, S Amadori, R Willemze
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
CYTOTOXICITY MEDIATED BY SOLUBLE ANTIGEN AND LYMPHOCYTES IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Nancy H. Ruddle, Byron H. Waksman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Damage of rat embryo fibroblasts in the presence of sensitized lymph node cells reacting with specific antigen was shown to be closely correlated with delayed hypersensitivity in the animals from which the lymph node cells were taken. The phenomenon was not correlated with Arthus reactivity. In. animals sensitized with picryl conjugates of ovalbumin or human serum albumin, skin reactivity and the in vitro cytotoxic effect could be elicited only with the homologous conjugate or the protein carrier alone and not with picryl conjugates of heterologous proteins. Lewis rats developed more intense delayed sensitivity than BN rats, and Lewis lymph node cells were correspondingly more effective in producing specific damage of both syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts.
The Asn418-Linked <i>N</i>-Glycan of ErbB3 Plays a Crucial Role in Preventing Spontaneous Heterodimerization and Tumor Promotion
Authors: Shunichi Yokoe, Motoko Takahashi, Michio Asahi, Seung Ho Lee, Wei Li, Daisuke Osumi, Eiji Miyoshi, Naoyuki Taniguchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract ErbB2 and ErbB3, two members of the ErbB family, form a high-affinity heregulin coreceptor that elicits potent mitogenic and transforming signals, and clinical studies indicate that these receptors play an important role in tumor incidence and progression. To determine whether N-glycosylation is involved in the function of ErbB3, a series of human ErbB3 molecules devoid of N-glycans were prepared and transfected to Flp-In-CHO cells for stable expression. A cross-linking study showed that the Asn418 to Gln mutant (N418Q) of ErbB3 underwent autodimerization without its ligand, heregulin. The wild-type or N418Q mutant of ErbB3 was next coexpressed with ErbB2 in Flp-In-CHO cells, and the effect of N-glycan on heterodimerization was examined. The N418Q mutant of ErbB3 was autodimerized with ErbB2 without ligand stimulation, and receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt phosphorylation were promoted in the absence of heregulin. A cell proliferation assay and a soft agar colony formation assay showed that the N418Q mutant of ErbB3 coexpressed with ErbB2 promoted cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar in an ERK- and Akt-dependent manner. The mutation also promoted the growth of tumors in athymic mice when injected s.c. These findings suggest that the Asn418-linked N-glycan in ErbB3 plays an essential role in regulating receptor heterodimerization with ErbB2 and might have an effect on transforming activity. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):1935–42]
Textbook of Pediatrics
Authors: M. C. Hart
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In the main this edition retains the format of the seventh edition. No new chapters have been added, but several have been revised and expanded. Major revision has been effected in the section on general factors in the care and evaluation of children, reflecting the improved evaluation of growth and development of children from the neonatal age onward. Another expanded topic is that of drug therapy, and a special section is devoted to hazards to the human embryo, fetus, and newborn. In addition, a separate section on prenatal disturbances has been expanded, particularly the subsections on defects of amino acid, carbohydrate, purine, and pyrimidine metabolism, where a number of defects and syndromes have been discovered or elucidated since the previous edition.  One minor disappointment is the relatively restricted scope of the section devoted to the newborn infant. The total presentation of the physiology, care, and diseases of the newborn—including the
RETRACTED: Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 plays a vital role in endothelial colony forming cells differentiation
Authors: Yimeng Song, Xiaoxia Li, Dawei Wang, Chenglai Fu, Zhenjiu Zhu, Ming-Hui Zou, Yi Zhu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) participate in post-natal vasculogenesis. We previously reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes human ECFC differentiation through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. However, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of ECFC differentiation still remain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the role of transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in the regulation of ECFC function. Human ECFCs were isolated from cord blood and cultured. Treatment with VEGF significantly increased endothelial markers in ECFCs and their capacity for migration and tube formation. The mRNA and protein levels of KLF2 were also significantly up-regulated. This up-regulation was abrogated by AMPK inhibition or by knockdown of KLF2 with siRNA. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of KLF2 promoted ECFC differentiation by enhancing expression of endothelial cell markers, reducing expression of progenitor cell markers, and increasing the capacity for tube formation in vitro, indicating the important role of KLF2 in ECFC-mediated angiogenesis. Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) was phosphorylated by AMPK activity induced by VEGF and the AMPK agonist AICAR (5-amino-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide). In vivo angiogenesis assay revealed that overexpression of KLF2 in bone-marrow-derived pro-angiogenic progenitor cells promoted vessel formation when the cells were implanted in C57BL/6 mice. Up-regulation of KLF2 by AMPK activation constitutes a novel mechanism of ECFC differentiation, and may have therapeutic value in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease.
Characterizing Spatial Patterns of Airborne Coarse Particulate (PM <sub>10–2.5</sub> ) Mass and Chemical Components in Three Cities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kai Zhang, Timothy V. Larson, Amanda Gassett, Adam A. Szpiro, Martha Daviglus, Gregory L. Burke, Joel D. Kaufman, Sara D. Adar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: The long-term health effects of coarse particular matter (PM10–2.5) are challenging to assess because of a limited understanding of the spatial variation in PM10–2.5 mass and its chemical components.Objectives: We conducted a spatially intensive field study and developed spatial prediction models for PM10–2.5 mass and four selected species (copper, zinc, phosphorus, and silicon) in three American cities.Methods: PM10–2.5 snapshot campaigns were conducted in Chicago, Illinois; St. Paul, Minnesota; and Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in 2009 for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Coarse Airborne Particulate Matter (MESA Coarse). In each city, samples were collected simultaneously outside the homes of approximately 40 participants over 2 weeks in the winter and/or summer. City-specific and combined prediction models were developed using land use regression (LUR) and universal kriging (UK). Model performance was evaluated by cross-validation (CV).Results: PM10–2.5 mass and species varied within and between cities in a manner that was predictable by geographic covariates. City-specific LUR models generally performed well for total mass (CV R2, 0.41–0.68), copper (CV R2, 0.51–0.86), phosphorus (CV R2, 0.50–0.76), silicon (CV R2, 0.48–0.93), and zinc (CV R2, 0.36–0.73). Models pooled across all cities inconsistently captured within-city variability. Little difference was observed between the performance of LUR and UK models in predicting concentrations.Conclusions: Characterization of fine-scale spatial variability of these often heterogeneous pollutants using geographic covariates should reduce exposure misclassification and increase the power of epidemiological studies investigating the long-term health impacts of PM10–2.5.Citation: Zhang K, Larson TV, Gassett A, Szpiro AA, Daviglus M, Burke GL, Kaufman JD, Adar SD. 2014. Characterizing spatial patterns of airborne coarse particulate (PM10–2.5) mass and chemical components in three cities: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Environ Health Perspect 122:823–830; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307287
Suicide and Family Loading for Affective Disorders
Authors: Janice A. Egeland, James N. Sussex
Journal: JAMA (1985)

All suicides were ascertained for a 100-year period (1880 to 1980) in a study of mental illness among the Old Order Amish. The majority (92%) of the 26 cases were diagnosed with a major affective disorder and were situated in multigenerational families with heavy loading for bipolar, unipolar, and other affective-spectrum illnesses. The suicides clustered in four primary pedigrees, and the role of inheritance was suggested by the way in which suicides followed the distribution of affective disorders in these kinship lines. We believe these extended pedigrees provide presumptive evidence of genetic factors in both suicides and affective disorders. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:915-918)