tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Punch Biopsy of the Peritoneum
Authors: L. R. Sarin, S. R. Mehta, J. C. Sarin
Journal: BMJ (1961)

GOITROUS CRETINISM MEDICALJOURNAL a high -thyroidal uptake of 131I which remained practically steady during the four days of observation, with a correspondingly low urinary excretion of the tracer.During the first two days the total plasma Investigations in Clinlically Euthyroid Mother of Non-enidemic Goitrous Cretins Total p.B.1311 Non-butanol-Plasma 131 ( of Dose1I.soluble 1311 (W. of Dose 1. %fDs/.) (% of DoseA.)24 hr.0.1 0-068 0-033 48 0 1 0-066 0-021 72, .. 0 19 0-184 0054 96 0-26 0 255 0 066 activity was in the low normal range, but, iastead of decreasing further, it rose steadily to abnormally high values during the next two days.The conversion ratio was high normal to high.The percentage of the butanol- insoluble fraction was abnormally high throughout.
Pulmonary Venous and Arterial Hypertension due to Chronic Fibrous Mediastinitis
Authors: JAMES T. BOTTICELLI, DONALD P. SCHLUETER, RAMON L. LANGE
Journal: Circulation (1966)

A patient with chronic fibrous mediastinitis presented with bronchial, superior vena caval, and pulmonary venous obstruction, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary venous obstruction was confirmed at surgery and explains the hemodynamic findings of elevated pulmonary artery and pulmonary wedge pressures despite low left atrial pressure. Pulmonary function studies showed marked alterations in ventilation-distribution, diffusion, work of breathing, and fixed airway resistance. It is concluded that the pulmonary arterial hypertension was due, in large part, to the pulmonary venous hypertension caused by pulmonary venous obstruction. Unsuccessful surgical intervention has been followed by 10 months of observation during which aldosterone inhibition together with use of chlorothiazide has prevented recurrence of heart failure and pleural effusion. The relationship between the physiological abnormalities and the patient's symptoms is discussed along with the possible relationship between pulmonary venous obstruction and pulmonary fibrosis.
TIME TO ADD A NEW PRIORITY TARGET FOR CHILD INJURY PREVENTION? THE CASE FOR AN EXCESS BURDEN ASSOCIATED WITH SPORT AND EXERCISE RELATED INJURY
Authors: A Wong Shee, A Clapperton, CF Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Recent Global Burden of Disease estimates highlight the high burden associated with injury, especially road trauma. However, these estimates, based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9/ICD-10), did not specifically identify sports injuries. Objective To compare the public health burden of sport and road traffic injury, for children &lt;15 years over a 7-year period in Victoria, Australia. Design Analysis of data for non-fatal hospital-treated sports injuries and road traffic injury cases for children aged &lt;15 years in Victoria, Australia over 2004–2010, inclusive. Data included: all Victorian public and private hospitalizations, using ICD-10-Australian modification (ICD-10-AM) activity codes to identify sport-related cases and ICD-10-AM cause and location codes to identify road traffic injuries; injury presentations to 38 Victorian public hospital emergency departments, using a combination of the available activity, cause and location codes. Main outcome Mmeasurements Trends in injury frequency were analysed by log-linear Poisson regression. Population-level injury burden was assessed in terms of years lived with disability (YLDs), hospital bed-days and direct hospital costs. Results Over the 7-year period, the annual frequency of hospital-treated sports injury increased significantly by 29% (N=7405 to N=9923; P&lt;.001) but the frequency of hospital-treated road traffic injury decreased by 26% (N=1841 to N=1334; P&lt;.001). Sports injury accounted for a larger population health burden than did road traffic injury: 3.0X the number of YLDs (7324.8 vs. 2453.9); 1.9X the number of bed-days (26,233 vs. 13,886); and 2.6X the direct hospital costs ($5·9 m vs. $2.2 m). Conclusions The significant 7-year increase in frequency of hospital-treated sports injury and significantly higher injury population-health burden for sports injury, compared with road traffic injury, for children aged &lt;15 years provides additional incentive for prioritising sports injury prevention in this age group.
CASES OF FECAL IMPACTION OF THE RECTUM.
Authors: THOMAS CHARLES MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

My reason for presenting for your consideration a few cases of fecal impaction of the rectum is that they illustrate the present great advantage which we possess in the proctoscope as a means for the relief of this condition. Those more or less authoritative works on diseases of the rectum uniformly recommend that the subject of impaction of the rectum be subjected to general anesthesia and irrigation for the removal of the fecal mass. These means should be regarded as hazardous, barbarous and mussy. The causes of fecal impaction of the rectum are several. Foreign bodies in the rectum, stricture or tumors, within or without the rectum, obstructing its lumen, immobilization of a portion of the rectal wall as a consequence of its adhesion to adjacent viscera, defective innervation, diminished intestinal secretion, the ingestion of improper foods and voluntary or involuntary neglect to make attempts at defecation. The patient may
Challenges for Junior Faculty: Mentoring and Family-Reply
Authors: Linda P. Fried
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Williams raises several important issues. First, she highlights the difficulty of establishing academic careers, especially in research, in academic settings where there are few established senior faculty. We agree that isolation from mentoring, role models, and information can affect most junior faculty in such settings, regardless of sex. In the more established research environment in which our interventions were conducted, this isolation was frequently the experience of junior faculty women substantially more than men. It was countered, in part, by actively making career development information available. Isolation from senior women role models can be addressed in several ways: leadership that recognizes the problems, supports its women faculty's success, and decreases their isolation in other ways; bringing in women faculty from other institutions for lectures and consultation; and training male faculty to provide constructive and supportive mentoring for women. Dr Williams also addresses the conflict between the demands of establishing
Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Acute Urinary Infection and Pancreatitis
Authors: S. Jawaheer
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The clinical course of hyperparathyroidism can be complicated by the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in various organs of the body.Smith and Cooke (1940) described a case of "acute poisoning by parathyroid hormone" and at necropsy found a parathyroid adenoma associated with acute fat necrosis of the pancreas.Since Cope et al. (1957) pointed out an aetiological relationship between hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis, further cases of this syndrome have been reported, mostly from the U.S.A. Cases recorded in British literature are very few, probably owing to lack of recognition of this clinical syndrome.The following case of hyperparathyroidism presented with symptoms of acute urinary infection and acute pancreatitis. CASE HISTORYA nulliparous married woman aged 36 came to hospital with an illness of 10 days' duration.It started with a dull ache in the right iliac fossa which two to three days later shifted to the suprapubic region.Frequency of micturition, nocturia, and scalding pain in the urethra accompanied the passage of dirty-coloured urine.Meanwhile pain occurred in her right loin and she began to sweat and shiver.She was given sulphonamides at home and settled well.About a week after the start of her illness a sudden and severe pain in the epigastrium occurred.Vomiting was frequent and she became constipated.She did not complain
Involvement of pharmacies in tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Ana Antunes, Joana Gomes, Inês Belchior, Ana Isabel Loureiro, Aurora Carvalho, Anabela Madeira, Raquel Duarte
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

To the Editors:

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Yew et al . [1] recalled the change from DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course) strategy to a more comprehensive approach, the Stop TB Strategy, adopted by the World Health Organization. Three of the six components of this strategy are the pursuit of high-quality DOTS expansion and enhancement, the engagement of all care providers, and the empowerment of people with tuberculosis and communities through partnership. We present a project based on the decentralisation of treatment and on patient participation in the choice of DOT supporter, in line with the Stop TB Strategy as presented by Yew et al. [1]. In Portugal, DOT is mandatory, and is performed principally in an outpatient setting within Pulmonary Health Centers (CDPs); these are primary care units dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment and surveillance of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis patients continue to suffer from social stigma and find it embarrassing to be subjected to DOT in CDP facilities. To deal with this problem, the Vila Nova de Gaia CDP team and the National Association of Pharmacies (ANF) designed and implemented a …
The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Authors: Vipul N. Mankad
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent reports of teratogenic effects of alcohol in animal fetus are alarming.<sup>1,2</sup>The data in human pregnancy, however, are uncontrolled and retrospective (235: 1458, 1976). Although the authors have excluded malnutrition as a teratogenic factor in these pregnancies, many other factors could have existed simultaneously, eg, heavy smoking, drug addiction, and diabetes. Although it would be unethical to conduct a prospective study on chronic alcoholics and refrain from advising the discontinuance of the use of alcohol, retrospective comparison of children of these alcoholics should be made with carefully selected groups of nonalcoholic pregnant women matched for various factors, such as those mentioned here.
Studies of Cellular Proliferation in Human Leukemia. I. Estimation of Growth Rates of Leukemic and Normal Hematopoietic Cells in Two Adults with Acute Leukemia Given Single Injections of Tritiated Thymidine *
Authors: Bayard Clarkson, Takeshi Ohkita, Kazuo Ota, Jerrold Fried
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Two adults with rapidly progressive acute myeloblastic and myelomonoblastic leukemia were given single injections of tritiated thymidine, and measurements were made of the growth rates of their leukemic and normal hematopoietic cells by radioautographic methods. Although almost all leukemic blasts in both marrow and blood were metabolically active as shown by their ability to incorporate tritiated uridine and leucine in vitro, only 5.6% and 6.1% of the blasts in the marrow and even fewer in the blood incorporated tritiated thymidine. The mitotic indexes of the marrow blasts were 0.66% and 0.52%; no circulating blasts were dividing. The mean generation times of the actively proliferating blasts were estimated to be 49 and 83 hours. This cannot be equated with the doubling time of the total leukemic population as there is evidence that many blasts fail to continue dividing and die. The mean durations of the phases of the blasts' mitotic cycles were as follows: DNA synthesis (S) = 22 and 19 hours, premitosis (G(2)) = 3 hours, mitosis (M) = 0.47 and 0.62 hour (minimal estimates), and postmitosis (G(1)) = 24 and 61 hours. In both patients the maximal mean transit time of the blasts in the blood was 36 hours, and the minimal numbers of actively dividing blasts present were 1.6 and 2.6 x 10(9) per kg of body weight.Estimates were also made of the rates of proliferation and maturation of the residual normal erythrocytic and granulocytic cells in these two patients. Although total production was markedly diminished because of reduction in the number of normal elements, the relatively few remaining normal cells appeared to be dividing and maturing at rates that are about the same or only slightly slower than those found in normal subjects. We conclude that main reason leukemic blasts displace normal hematopoietic precursors in acute leukemia is that the blasts largely fail to differentiate. Many die but many others persist in the marrow and elsewhere as primitive cells and continue to proliferate. As the blasts accumulate, they gradually displace the normal hematopoietic cells, most of which continue their normal course of differentiation and leave the marrow as nondividing mature cells. It is not known why the over-all production of normal cells is not adequately increased to compensate for the anemia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia that develop, but apparently the leukemic cells somehow interfere with the proliferation or differentiation or both of normal stem cells.
The Economic Implications of HLA Matching in Cadaveric Renal Transplantation
Authors: Mark A. Schnitzler, Christopher S. Hollenbeak, David S. Cohen, Robert S. Woodward, Jeffrey A. Lowell, Gary G. Singer, Raymond J. Tesi, Todd K. Howard, T. Mohanakumar, Daniel C. Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The potential economic effects of the allocation of cadaveric kidneys on the basis of tissue-matching criteria are controversial. We analyzed the economic costs associated with the transplantation of cadaveric kidneys with various numbers of HLA mismatches and examined the potential economic benefits of a local, as compared with a national, system designed to minimize HLA mismatches between donor and recipient in first cadaveric renal transplantations.
Sarcoidosis of the Axial Skeleton
Authors: JOHN V. MARYMONT, DUANE A. MURPHY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Sarcoidosis of the bones in the hands and feet is not uncommon. However, sarcoidosis involving the axial skeleton is unusual. The authors present the case of a 37-year-old man with sarcoidosis who developed low-back pain. Radionuclide bone scan demonstrated abnormalities in the pelvis, spine, and scapulae. A bone scan directed open biopsy of an abnormality in diagnostic tissue from the ilium.
Better than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream
Authors: R. Upshur
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Carl Elliott W W Norton, £19.95/$26.95/C$38.99, pp 357 ISBN 0 393 05201 X www.wwnorton.com Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Concepts of the self and self identity are part of the stock-in-trade of academic philosophy. However, grappling with such ideas is not an element of the day to day work of busy clinicians. The self rarely, if ever, shows up in an undergraduate medical curriculum, except perhaps in psychopathology. This may need to be remedied as we enter the post-genomic age and as clinicians face the advent of “enhancement technologies,” many of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
984. Directed Molecular Evolution Generates Novel HIV-1 Envelope Variants That Can Elicit Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Rabbits
Authors: Li Xu, Xiaohan Du, Wenge Zhang, Susan Tang, NayWei Soong, Michael Zwick, Dennis Burton, Robert Whalen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Immunogens that induce neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 are essential components of a preventative vaccine. The HIV-1 Envelope (Env) contains conserved neutralizing epitopes, defined by monoclonal antibodies derived from infected individuals. We hypothesize that directed molecular evolution can create novel Env variants that render these neutralizing epitopes more immunogenic. We used DNA shuffling to generate novel, chimeric Env variants from wild type genes. These included clade B gp120 and gp120 Core as well as consensus clade A, B, C and Group M gp140 sequences. DNA shuffling is an efficient method for extensively recombining parental genes in vitro to create highly functional recombinant libraries.
ABC of sexual health: Male sexual problems
Authors: A. Gregoire
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Many men would agree with Woody Allen's implication that their penis is their favourite organ. This is certainly apparent to clinicians who deal with human sexuality and who see men whose penises are not behaving as they should. However, professionals can become as fixated on this organ as their patients and forget that it has a multiplicity of connections within the man's mind and body—and, indeed, outside it. Our concepts of sexual problems and their assessment and treatment must reflect this fact if we are to effectively deliver the help that our patients desperately seek.



   ![][1] 

For many men, a properly functioning penis is fundamental to their self esteem. (Priapus weighing his penis—from a fresco in the Villa dei Vetii, Pompeii, first century)

It is convenient to consider sexual problems as dichotomies (organic or psychogenic, primary or secondary, male or female), but such distinctions are often inaccurate and unhelpful. The presence of a problem is a subjective perception influenced by many factors. However, there is no doubt that for most men sexuality is a highly rated aspect of their quality of life.

#### Physical causes of male sexual problems

From various studies in the general population and primary care it seems that 15-20% of men describe some sort of sexual problem. The proportion of men who actually seek help is unknown. For many men this is difficult, and their presentation may be hesitant or disguised in terms of another complaint. The first and crucial step in managing a sexual problem is to engage the patient with an interested and sympathetic attitude. Problems …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Letter: Pathogenesis of measles.
Authors: B Heyworth
Journal: BMJ (1973)

iportant item in the Declaration of Geneva is "My colleagues will be my brothers."It will be a gross violation of that ethical code if the B.M.A. or any other menber of the W.M.A. supports any move to expel, not the South African Government, but the M.A.S.A.-whose
Synovial Osteochondroma of the Knee in Tc-99m HMDP Bone Imaging
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, U YUN RYO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Synovial osteochondroma, an uncommon cartilaginous tumor which is not connected to the bone, occurs almost exclusively in the vicinity of the joints in hands and feet. Synovial osteochondroma of the knee has not been documented by radionuclide imaging study. Presented is a patient with synovial osteochondroma of the posterior knee studied by Tc-99m HMDP bone imaging and radiography prior to excisional biopsy. The image's focal area of intensely increased uptake seen in the posterior aspect of the right knee corresponds to the amorphous tabulated calcified mass, 3.5 cm in diameter, overlying the lateral femoral condyle. The excised tumor mass was confirmed to be osteochondroma. An area of unique and intense uptake adjacent to a joint may be a characteristic finding of synovial osteochondroma and may lead to a successful excision of a synovial osteochondroma.
Name and role of Overseas Doctors Association need to be changed
Authors: A K Bose
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Britain has a tradition of training doctors from other countries. Many who came to train stayed on to make up shortages in medical staffing and because of better career prospects. Some formed separate medical associations, of which the Overseas Doctors Association is the oldest and best known. The question still remains, however, whether doctors from ethnic minority groups should form their own associations. A K Bose, a general practitioner from Liverpool, wrote suggesting that it is …
Cre-Mediated Cell Ablation Contests Mast Cell Contribution in Models of Antibody- and T Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity
Authors: Thorsten B. Feyerabend, Anne Weiser, Annette Tietz, Michael Stassen, Nicola Harris, Manfred Kopf, Peter Radermacher, Peter Möller, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis, Hans Jörg Fehling, Hans-Reimer Rodewald
Journal: Immunity (2011)
German doctors face investigation in drugs scandal
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Some 3500 doctors in several German towns are currently being investigated for alleged undue financial advantages and corruption after aggressive marketing by a drugs company.

The district attorney's office in Munich, which is carrying out the investigation, said that suspicions were raised over excessive marketing activities by SmithKline Beecham, the company which merged in 2000 with GlaxoWellcome to form GlaxoSmithKline. From 1997 to 1999 SmithKline Beecham invited hospital doctors and their spouses to conferences in Germany and abroad.

An additional 5800 payments of up to …
Seborrhoea is not a feature of seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Authors: J L Burton, R J Pye
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The sebum excretion rate from forehead skin was measured in 44 patients with classic seborrhoeic dermatitis and 200 control subjects. The mean excretion rate was normal in the 29 men with seborrhoeic dermatitis and significantly reduced in the 15 women with the disease. This study showed that seborrhoeic dermatitis is not usually associated with seborrhoea, and therefore "dermatitis of the sebaceous areas" may be a more accurate term.
Inhibition of ileal bile acid transport lowers plasma cholesterol levels by inactivating hepatic farnesoid X receptor and stimulating cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
Authors: Hai Li, Guorong Xu, Quan Shang, Luxing Pan, Sarah Shefer, Ashok K Batta, Jaya Bollineni, G.Stephen Tint, Brad T Keller, Gerald Salen
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Widespread angiokeratomas and tuberous sclerosis
Authors: M.P. GIL-MATEO, F.J. MIQUEL, A.M. VELASCO, A. PITARCH, J.M. FORTEA, A. ALIAGA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a 29-year-old woman who had prominent cutaneous markers of tuberous sclerosis, with subependymal nodules and renal cysts on computerized tomographic scan, who also showed multiple angiokeratomas widely distributed on the buttocks and posterior thighs. Enzymatic studies ruled out Fabry's disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. This is the first reported association of widespread angiokeratomas and tuberous sclerosis.
Coping with loss: Surgery and loss of body parts
Authors: P. Maguire, C. M. Parkes
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the fourth in a series of 10 articles dealing with the different types of loss that doctors will meet in their practice

The loss of body parts can have distinct but overlapping psychological consequences. These can be bodily changes—alterations in the way patients, their families, and others perceive their bodies—or changes of function—alterations in the activities and roles that they are able to carry out. Some types of surgery affect one more than the other. Thus a unilateral mastectomy may have little influence on a woman's functional ability, but the effect on her body image will usually be profound. Most types of surgery, however, affect both form and function. Losing a limb is a clear example of this.

### Summary points

The loss of body parts can give rise to grief for loss of body image or function, or both

Anxiety, depression, and sexual problems are related to the magnitude and type of loss as well as the personal vulnerability of the patient

Both avoidance of and obsessive preoccupation with the loss can be problematic

Members of the caring professions can help to prepare people for the losses that are to come; reassure them of the normality of fear, grief, and their physiological consequences; introduce them to support groups; recognise and monitor any problems that may arise; and ensure that specialist help is given when needed

The similarity between grief at loss of body part and grief caused by the death of a loved person has been clearly shown in comparative studies of the reaction to amputation of a limb and of widowhood.1 People with either of these losses were preoccupied with feelings of loss: bereaved people were missing the lost person and the amputees were missing the loss of physical attractiveness (loss of body image) or the occupational and …