tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Cost-Effectiveness of Screening the U.S. Blood Supply for West Nile Virus
Authors: Brian Custer, Michael P. Busch, Anthony A. Marfin, Lyle R. Petersen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: The spread of West Nile virus across North America and evidence of transmission by transfusion prompted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to encourage the development of methods to screen the blood supply. Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of nucleic acid amplification testing for West Nile virus in the U.S. blood supply. Design: Markov cohort simulation. Data Sources: Outcome probabilities estimated from nucleic acid testing done for West Nile virus in 2003, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and published literature. Costs were taken from an economic study of West Nile virus infection and from estimated test costs. Target Populations: Transfusion recipients, 60 years of age or older, with and without underlying immunocompromise. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Interventions: The authors compared 6 strategies, taking into consideration minipool (pools of 6 to 16 donations) versus individual donation testing, and the geographic and seasonal nature of West Nile virus activity. Outcome Measures: Costs and effects of each strategy based on the prevention of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus. Results of Base-Case Analysis: The cost-effectiveness of annual, national minipool testing was $483 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), whereas the cost-effectiveness of annual, national individual donation testing was $897 000/QALY. The cost-effectiveness of targeted individual donation testing in an area experiencing an outbreak coupled with minipool testing elsewhere was $520 000/QALY. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: In 1-way analyses, the most important influences were the prevalence of West Nile virus and the cost of minipool testing and individual donation testing. The 95% range of results from probabilistic sensitivity analysis for targeted individual donation testing was $256 000 to $1 044 000/QALY. Limitations: The outcomes of West Nile virus infection were based on data from the general population rather than from the population who received transfusions. The results are most useful in the context of geographically focused outbreaks of West Nile virus infection. Conclusions: Using targeted individual donation testing to interdict blood donations that are positive for the West Nile virus is relatively cost-effective but is highly dependent on West Nile virus prevalence.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Anthony D. Heymann, Yossi Cohen, Gabriel Chodick
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common X-linked human enzyme defect (1). There are a few reports that link G6PD deficiency to diabetes (2–4).

We undertook a cross-sectional study at Maccabi Healthcare Services, an Israeli HMO serving two million members. All interactions and information are captured on an electronic medical record. Our study population included all male members aged ≥25 years who were tested for G6PD between 2003 and 2010 and were found positive (a quantitative …
Evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass shown by reverse transcriptase domain analysis
Authors: Y. Matsuoka, K. Tsunewaki
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass were examined by reverse transcriptase (RT) domain analysis. Twenty-three rice RT sequences were newly determined for this report. Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences, mostly derived from wheat, rice, and, maize, showed four distinct families, which were designated G1, G2, G3, and G4. Three of these families have elements obtained from distantly related species, indicative of origins prior to the radiation of grass species. Results of Southern hybridization and detailed comparisons between the wheat and rice sequences indicated that each of the families had undergone a distinct pattern of evolution. Multiple families appear to have evolved in parallel in a host species. Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions suggested that there is a low percentage of elements carrying functional RT domains in the G4 family, indicating that the production of new G4 elements has been controlled by a small number of elements carrying functional RT domains.
Intoxication Caused by Interaction of Chloramphenicol and Phenytoin
Authors: James Q. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A patient with a brain tumor and seizures who was receiving maintenance doses of phenytoin was given chloramphenicol on three occasions. Her neurological status was both complicated and obscured by the reoccurrence of phenytoin intoxication. Retrospective drug analysis showed a marked elevation of serum concentrations of phenytoin during each course of chloramphenicol.
Futility: Another Way?
Authors: Simon Kassabian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Letters17 June 2014Futility: Another Way?Simon Kassabian, MDSimon Kassabian, MDFrom VA Hudson Valley Health Care System, Montrose, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5012-6 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Shah's case presentation (1) is an eloquent and poignant example many clinicians may identify with, at least in an analogous manner. Some clinicians might reject such care, on the basis of moral distress, as improper and unnecessary. Although details involve an extreme of surgical intervention at great cost, its specifics do not differ conceptually from a simpler situation, such as maintaining intravenous hydration in a terminally ill patient so that an out-of-state relative may visit. This is often considered and done.Palliative care is a team-based approach directed toward the care of both patient and family. Treatment ...Reference1. Shah SK. Futility. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:138-9. [PMID: 24592501] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From VA Hudson Valley Health Care System, Montrose, New York.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0193. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFutility Samir K. Shah Futility Samir K. Shah Futility: Another Way? Joanne Lynn Futility: Another Way? Steven M. Radwany Futility: Another Way? Keyvan Ravakhah Futility: Another Way? Samir K. Shah Futility: Another Way? Keyvan Ravakhah Futility: Another Way? Samir K. Shah Futility: Another Way? Joanne Lynn Futility: Another Way? Steven M. Radwany Metrics 17 June 2014Volume 160, Issue 12Page: 878KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosurePalliative carePatientsSurgery ePublished: 17 June 2014 Issue Published: 17 June 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Congenital Glutamine Deficiency with Glutamine Synthetase Mutations
Authors: Johannes Häberle, Boris Görg, Frank Rutsch, Eva Schmidt, Annick Toutain, Jean-François Benoist, Antoinette Gelot, Annie-Laure Suc, Wolfgang Höhne, Freimut Schliess, Dieter Häussinger, Hans G. Koch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Glutamine synthetase plays a major role in ammonia detoxification, interorgan nitrogen flux, acid-base homeostasis, and cell signaling. We report on two unrelated newborns who had congenital human glutamine synthetase deficiency with severe brain malformations resulting in multiorgan failure and neonatal death. Glutamine was largely absent from their serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Each infant had a homozygous mutation in the glutamine synthetase gene (R324C and R341C). Studies that used immortalized lymphocytes expressing R324C glutamine synthetase (R324C-GS) and COS7 cells expressing R341C-GS suggest that these mutations are associated with reduced glutamine synthetase activity.
Network Modeling of TGFβ Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Reveals Joint Sonic Hedgehog and Wnt Pathway Activation
Authors: Steven Nathaniel Steinway, Jorge G.T. Zañudo, Wei Ding, Carl Bart Rountree, David J. Feith, Thomas P. Loughran, Reka Albert
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process hijacked by cancer cells to leave the primary tumor site, invade surrounding tissue, and establish distant metastases. A hallmark of EMT is the loss of E-cadherin expression, and one major signal for the induction of EMT is TGFβ, which is dysregulated in up to 40% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have constructed an EMT network of 70 nodes and 135 edges by integrating the signaling pathways involved in developmental EMT and known dysregulations in invasive HCC. We then used discrete dynamic modeling to understand the dynamics of the EMT network driven by TGFβ. Our network model recapitulates known dysregulations during the induction of EMT and predicts the activation of the Wnt and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathways during this process. We show, across multiple murine (P2E and P2M) and human HCC cell lines (Huh7, PLC/PRF/5, HLE, and HLF), that the TGFβ signaling axis is a conserved driver of mesenchymal phenotype HCC and confirm that Wnt and SHH signaling are induced in these cell lines. Furthermore, we identify by network analysis eight regulatory feedback motifs that stabilize the EMT process and show that these motifs involve cross-talk among multiple major pathways. Our model will be useful in identifying potential therapeutic targets for the suppression of EMT, invasion, and metastasis in HCC.
Fatal Pancytopenia Following the Use of “Mesantoin”
Authors: Russell W. Weller, James Metcalfe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

“MESANTOIN” (3 methyl-5, 5-ethylphenylhydantoin), a close chemical relative of dilantin has been used as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of grand-mal seizures since 1945. In 1946 Harrison, Johnson and Ayer1 reported a case of fatal aplastic anemia following the use of “mesantoin” and tridione. Since that time several cases of pancytopenia following the use of “mesantoin” have been reported.2,3 The following case of fatal pancytopenia occurring after the use of “mesantoin” is presented to stimulate further investigation of the properties of this drug.Case ReportL. V. D., a 31-year-old veteran of World War II, entered the United States Naval . . .
Public health director says he has been bullied for criticising health bill
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

John Ashton, the NHS public health director who was summoned by bosses to explain why he signed a letter to the press criticising government health reforms, says he has been “bullied” for expressing free speech.

Professor Ashton is seeking a personal apology from Andrew Lansley, claiming the health secretary’s department was behind the formal letter he received from NHS Cumbria that called him to a meeting and warned that he could be in breach of the NHS code of conduct.

Professor Ashton told the BMJ he did not want the primary care trust nor its chief executive Sue Page to be criticised over the letter, saying, “I know this was not initiated by the PCT …
Acute Onset of Ureteral Obstruction During a Tc-99m DTP A Renal Study
Authors: ROBERT H. WILKINSON, BRADFORD BETZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Radionuclide renal studies are well established in the evaluation of renal function and suspected obstruction to drainage. A patient is presented with acute onset of ureteral obstruction secondary to blood clot(s) while undergoing a radionuclide renal study.
Migraine as a Deadly Disease
Authors: E. Ask-Upmark
Journal: BMJ (1960)

COELIAC DISEASE D JU 823then further degraded to amino-acids by peptidases present in the cells of the mucosa.In adult coeliac disease it is suggested that the activity of these cellular enzymes is reduced, and this, in addition to a reduction in absorptive area, produces a slowing down in the later stages of proteolysis.The possibility that the changes of absorption observed in the hydrolysis are associated with the rate of absorption of water has been excluded by appropriate control experiments.It was of interest that treatment for several weeks with a glutenfree diet in one of our cases produced a normal type of absorption, as shown by the results of isotope experiments.
Susceptibility of mice to group B coxsackie virus is influenced by the diabetic gene.
Authors: S R Webb, R M Loria, G E Madge, S Kibrick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

A positive correlation was found between genetic predisposition to diabetes in the mouse and susceptibility to group B Coxsackie virus in this host. Male mice of the inbred strain C57BL/Ks and the following genetic variants were used; mice homozygous for the autosomal recessive gene for diabetes (db/db), the phenotypically normal heterozygous (db/+), and the normal mice which lacked the diabetic gene (+/+). The mortality response of the +/+ mice to intraperitoneal inoculation with Coxsackie virus B4 differed from the response of the two genetic variants (db/db and db/+) derived from this strain. The db/+ variant was more susceptible to Coxsackie virus B4 than the parental background strain (+/+). The db/db variant was more susceptible than either of the other genotypes. Pathological findings of the pancreas of the three genotypes during the acute stage of infection closely paralleled the genotypically dependent susceptibility of the host.
Contagiousness of Emotional Illness
Authors: Abraham Gelperin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The brief note of Drs. Julien Mendlewicz, et al (<b>224</b>:1187, 1973) reminds me of a fact that may be overlooked in any consideration of genetic linkages in emotional illnesses; they may be very contagious. We have been teaching for years that fear, courage, confusion, and rage are as infectious as measles. Length and closeness of contact, just as with measles, can accentuate the impact of a seriously disturbed family milieu so that other adults and especially children are adversely affected. Some act out that which is within their ken; others somehow suppress the noxious influence by burying it within themselves. This factor must be considered in any adjudication of possible genetic or any other familial basis for multiple cases of psychiatric diseases.
Canadian doctors' threatened walk out averted
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A threatened shutdown of the accident and emergency department room of Montreal's Royal Victoria Hospital was averted after the board of the provincial government's healthcare scheme withdrew charges of overbilling against all the 19 doctors in the department, who had handed in their resignations in protest. But three of the 19 had already accepted posts outside Quebec, and the hospital has …
Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies
Authors: C. S Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Dinesh Bhugra Routledge, pounds sterling50, pp 236 ISBN 0 415 08955 7

The product of two conferences held at the Institute of Psychiatry in the early 1990s, Psychiatry and Religion is edited by a psychiatrist, with chapters by experts in philosophy, psychiatry, sociology, and theology. Its main purpose is the sharing of information, thoughts, and philosophies.

As we live in a multicultural society encompassing numerous different religious faiths, the book …
Hypothalamic Hypopituitarism Presenting as Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea
Authors: Dan Streja
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A young woman with secondary amenorrhea was also found to have a deficiency of growth hormone. Functional deficiency of adrenocorticotropic and thyroid stimulating hormones, and probably prolactin-inhibiting hormone, developed subsequently. No evidence of a mass lesion in the hypothalamic pituitary axis was found. She failed to respond to any pharmacologic agent believed to act functionally at a suprapituitary level, but responded to all stimuli believed to act directly on the pituitary. This progressive failure of the endocrine hypothalamus may be an extension of the idiopathic hypopituitarism syndrome found in children. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1783-1785, 1978)
Transcutaneous immunization using a dissolving microneedle array protects against tetanus, diphtheria, malaria, and influenza
Authors: Kazuhiko Matsuo, Sachiko Hirobe, Yayoi Yokota, Yurika Ayabe, Masashi Seto, Ying-Shu Quan, Fumio Kamiyama, Takahiro Tougan, Toshihiro Horii, Yohei Mukai, Naoki Okada, Shinsaku Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Phase II Trial of Trimetrexate in the Treatment of Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A pediatric Oncology Group Study
Authors: Alberto Pappo, Ronald Dubowy, Y. Ravindranath, Carlos Alvarado, Sudha Rao, V. Michael Whitehead, Roger Vega, Barton Kamen, Teresa Vietti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Phase II Trial of Trimetrexate in the Treatment of Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A pediatric Oncology Group Study Get access Alberto Pappo, Alberto Pappo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald Dubowy, Ronald Dubowy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y. Ravindranath, Y. Ravindranath Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carlos Alvarado, Carlos Alvarado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sudha Rao, Sudha Rao Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. Michael Whitehead, V. Michael Whitehead Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger Vega, Roger Vega Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barton Kamen, Barton Kamen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Teresa Vietti Teresa Vietti Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 20, 17 October 1990, Pages 1641–1642, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.20.1641 Published: 17 October 1990 Article history Received: 05 July 1990 Revision received: 06 August 1990 Accepted: 08 August 1990 Published: 17 October 1990
Zonated expression of cytokines in rat liver: Effect of chronic ethanol and the cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibitor, chlormethiazole
Authors: Che Fang, Kai O. Lindros, Thomas M. Badger, Martin J.J. Ronis, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The release of proinflammatory cytokines by endotoxins and during oxidative stress is considered to be an early key step in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) has potentially pro-oxidative and toxicological properties, and its expression is restricted to the perivenous region of liver. We investigated zonal differences of cytokine expression in rat liver and how these are affected by alcohol exposure and by chlormethiazole (CMZ), a transcriptional and posttranslational inhibitor of hepatic CYP2E1. Periportal and perivenous cell lysates were obtained by the digitonin pulse technique from livers of rats treated with ethanol and CMZ for 38 days. Cytokine expression on the mRNA and protein levels was quantified using competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Chronic ethanol treatment significantly increased the expression of CYP2E1, microsomal p -nitrophenol hydroxylase activity (indicative for CYP2E1 enzyme activity), and the expression of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1 ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β (1.4- to 4.6-fold). In contrast, ethanol caused a decrease in IL-4 expression and had no influence on IL-6 expression. CMZ treatment caused a reduction in hepatic CYP2E1 expression and in the ethanol-induced cytokine expression by 40% to 60%. Expression of IL-6, IL-2, and IL-4 mRNA occurred preferentially in the periportal region, whereas ethanol caused a pronounced increase in the perivenous expression of TGF-β 1 , which was inhibited by CMZ as monitored both on the mRNA and protein levels. These results show the zonated expression of several cytokines and the counteraction of CMZ on all effects of ethanol on cytokine expression. The data further strengthen a link between increased CYP2E1 expression and enhanced cytokine expression as important events in the development of ALD.
Aortic Function in Arterial Hypertension Determined by Pressure-Diameter Relation
Authors: Christodoulos Stefanadis, John Dernellis, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Costas Tsioufis, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Christos Pitsavos, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Aortic elastic properties, important determinants of left ventricular function and coronary blood flow, are compromised in hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine aortic function in hypertensive patients and in normal subjects before and after administration of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist widely used in the treatment of essential hypertension.The aortic pressure-diameter relation was obtained before and after diltiazem administration in 15 hypertensives and 15 control normotensives. Instantaneous diameter of the thoracic aorta was acquired with a high-fidelity intravascular catheter developed in our institution and previously validated. Instantaneous aortic pressure was measured simultaneously and at the same aortic level with a catheter-tip micromanometer. Energy loss due to the viscosity of aortic wall was measured from the area of the loop. Aortic distensibility was calculated using the formula 2 x (pulsatile change in aortic diameter)/([diastolic aortic diameter] x [aortic pulse pressure]). At baseline, aortic distensibility was lower and energy loss was greater in hypertensives than in normotensives (distensibility: 1.4+/-0.3 versus 3.5+/-0.7 cm2 x dyne(-1) x 10(-6), respectively, P<.001; energy loss: 14.1+/-3.3 versus 8.2+/-2.2 mm x mm Hg, respectively, P<.001). After diltiazem administration, aortic distensibility was increased, whereas energy loss was decreased in both hypertensives (peak response: distensibility, 2.0+/-0.4 cm2 x dyne(-1) x 10(-6), P<.001; energy loss, 9.3+/-1.6 mm x mm Hg, P<.001) and normotensives (peak response: distensibility, 5.2+/-0.5 cm2 x dyne(-1) x 10(-6), P<.001; energy loss, 5.0+/-1.2 mm x mm Hg, P<.001).Aortic elastic properties are compromised and energy loss due to aortic wall viscosity is increased in hypertensives compared with normotensives. Function of the aorta is improved in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects after the administration of diltiazem.
Tests on volunteers at Porton Down
Authors: H. Dudley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,—In his review of the Network First programme “The Secrets of Porton Down” Sean Spence rightly draws attention to the inadequacies of assessment of research programmes carried out at what is now the Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, in which volunteers participated.1 Perfect hindsight can also, however, be applied to many research protocols in civilian life during the first three decades after the second world war. The Ministry of Defence …
Effect of Aircraft-Cabin Altitude on Passenger Discomfort
Authors: Gustav Schäcke, Cristian Scutaru, David A. Groneberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Muhm et al. (July 5 issue)1 report that at a barometric pressure equivalent to an altitude of 8000 ft (2438 m) above sea level, participants in their study had a maximum decrease of only 4.4 percentage points in oxygen saturation, as measured by pulse oximetry. We are concerned about the accuracy in their setting.2 To simulate high-altitude exercise in aircraft-cabin personnel, we examined 75 subjects between the ages of 24 and 62 years under normobaric, hypoxic conditions in a closed cabin with an oxygen content of 14.8%, the equivalent of conditions at an altitude of 9186 ft . . .