tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On a New Form of Citrine Ointment
Authors: B. Atthill
Journal: BMJ (1886)

was to-day ordered to have ten grains of 1uinine, and chicken-diet to-morrow.After this, the fever passed o , and he seemed to be doing Well for some days.Jtiry 29th.A globular fluctuating swelling was found at the wound of exit (behind).A trocar and cannula was introduced, and an ounce and a half of healthy pus evacuated.The abscess was apparently intermuscular.It was washed out with carbolised lotion, and dressed antiseptically.July~~F 3s.Dange was established.Augst 5th.For the last three days, his temperature had been irregular.The sinus, from the aperture of exit, extended to a point very close to the aperture of entrance ; no communication, however, could be discovered by the probe; and water injected from behind did not escape in front.A drainage-tube was inserted.He was rather constipated.His urine was slightly albuminous.August 8th.The carbolic lotion, when injected from behind, now escaped anteriorly.Temperature normal.August 10th.The sinus was shorter, and becoming narrower at both apertures.His general health and spirits were exoellent.August 27th.The sinus having made but little progress, it was saynged out with equal parts of tincture of iodine andl water.After
Hepatitis A Vaccine
Authors: William H. Bancroft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The first effective control measures for the prevention of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis resulted from research conducted during World War II. In 1945, Neefe et al.1 demonstrated that infectious virus could be transmitted by contaminated drinking water, that treatment of the water by filtration and chlorination made it safe to drink, and that gamma globulin derived from convalescent-phase serum from patients with hepatitis could protect adults from clinical hepatitis.2 Except for refinements in methods of preparing food and water and the establishment of standards for the preparation and use of immune globulin, there have been no fundamental improvements in the . . .
Doctors should defend the wishes of patients on the organ donor register more "robustly"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors and transplant coordinators need to more forcefully represent the views of people who have joined the organ donor register when families refuse to allow their organs to be harvested, those working in transplantation have said.

Although there has been widespread applause for the efforts made in the United Kingdom over the past five years to increase the number of deceased organ donors and transplantations, experts have said that a “revolution” is needed in public consent for organ donation if the rates are to improve further.

Figures released by NHS Blood and Transplant show that the number of deceased organ donors in the UK increased by 50% in five years, from 809 in 2008-09 …
Abstract P1-10-02: Comparative Preventive Efficacy of Select Chinese Herbs in Breast Carcinoma Derived Isogenic Cells with Modulated Estrogen Receptor Functions
Authors: NT Telang, G Li, M Katdare, DW Sepkovic, HL Bradlow, GYC Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Human mammary carcinoma derived estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 cells depend on 17β-estradiol (E2) for cellular proliferation in vitro and for tumor development in vivo. Traditionally, ER functions as a ligand activated nuclear transcription factor with E2 as its physiological ligand, and limited availability of E2 modulates ER functions. We have recently demonstrated preventive efficacy of selected Chinese nutritional herbs in this MCF-7 cell culture model. The present study screened additional Chinese nutritional herbs for their preferential preventive efficacy on MCF-7 cells with modulated ER functions. Methods: MCF-7 cells were maintained in medium supplemented with either 0.7% serum, &amp;lt;1 nM E2, or 0.7% serum+20 nM E2. This approach, while preserving the MCF-7 genotype, provides isogenic cells with either non-functional ER (ER-NF) or functional ER (ER-F) phenotype, and thereby, enables paired comparisons for the preventive efficacy of herbs on the two phenotypes. Anchorage dependent and anchorage independent growth, cell cycle progression, cellular apoptosis, and E2 metabolism represent the quantitative end points.Results: Long-term maintenance of MCF-7 cells in a serum-depleted culture medium (0.7% serum, &amp;lt; 1 nM E2) selects a proliferative sub-population of E2 responsive cells with transiently non-functional ER due to limited availability of E2. The growth inhibitory effects of non-fractionated aqueous extracts from 15 Chinese nutritional herbs were compared in MCF-7 cells selected for either the ER-NF or the ER-F phenotype. Comparative dose response experiments identified IC50 concentrations, and thereby, facilitated rank ordering for growth inhibition. Although all the herbs tested were effective in the present model, two herbs exhibited greater efficacy for the ER-NF phenotype, eight herbs exhibited greater efficacy for the ER-F phenotype, while five herbs exhibited equal efficacy for both the ER-NF and the ER-F phenotypes. Representative herbs at their respective maximum cytostatic concentrations from these three groups, inhibited anchorage independent growth, induced G1 arrest, induced apoptosis, and regulated E2 metabolism in favor of the anti-proliferative metabolites 2-hydroxyestrone and estriol. Conclusions: Preferential growth inhibition by Chinese nutritional herbs in isogenic ER-NF and ER-F phenotypes of MCF-7 cells and mechanistic efficacy of representative herbs identify possible leads towards their rapid prioritization for planning prevention trials on ER+ and ER− clinical breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-02.
Myocardial beta-adrenoceptor changes in heart failure: concomitant reduction in beta,- and beta2-adrenoceptor function related to the degree of heart failure in patients with mitral valve disease
Authors: Otto-Erich Brodde, Hans-Reinhard Zerkowski, Norbert Doetsch, Shigeru Motomura, Massud Khamssi, Martin C. Michel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Perifosine Inhibits Multiple Signaling Pathways in Glial Progenitors and Cooperates With Temozolomide to Arrest Cell Proliferation in Gliomas <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Hiroyuki Momota, Edward Nerio, Eric C. Holland
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Perifosine is an oral Akt inhibitor which exerts a marked cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines, and is currently being tested in several phase II trials for treatment of major human cancers. However, the efficacy of perifosine in human gliomas has not been established. As Akt is activated in approximately 70% of human glioblastomas, we investigated the impact of perifosine on glia in culture and on a mouse glioma model in vivo. Here we show that perifosine strongly reduces phosphorylation levels of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2, induces cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2, and causes dose-dependent growth inhibition of mouse glial progenitors in which Akt and/or Ras-Erk 1/2 pathways are activated. Furthermore, because temozolomide is a common oral alkylating agent used in the treatment of gliomas, we investigated the effect of perifosine in combination with temozolomide. We observed an enhanced effect when both were used in culture. With these results, we combined perifosine and temozolomide as treatment of platelet-derived growth factor B-driven gliomas in mice. Animal studies showed that perifosine and temozolomide combination therapy was more effective than temozolomide treatment alone (P < 0.01). These results indicate that perifosine is an effective drug in gliomas in which Akt and Ras-Erk 1/2 pathways are frequently activated, and may be a new candidate for glioma treatment in the clinic.
Patterns of Spread
Authors: David W. Smithers
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Success in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease during the last few years has followed improved methods to detect the extent of the disease, better estimation of the likely rate of advance, and more efficient application of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. All three (detection of involvement, forecast of further dissemination, and extent and method of treatment) have contributed to or depended on a better understanding of the modes and directions of spread of the disease. Misunderstandings and inaccuracies in the estimate of degree of spread may be overcome to some extent by making splenectomy and total nodal irradiation routine procedures. While this is likely to improve overall survival figures, some patients will receive more extensive treatments than they need, which may be dangerous. The chance of success with chemotherapy may be seriously prejudiced in those patients who still develop spread to nonlymphoid organs. Thus, a better understanding of the mode and
Safety of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine
Authors: J. M. L. Brotherton
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Now well established 

The prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are remarkable both for their efficacy against HPV infection and related diseases,1 and for their potential to prevent cervical cancer. Cervical cancer, which is caused by persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types, remains a cause of premature death in women around the world, most of whom have no access to secondary prevention through organised cervical screening programmes.2 The linked study by Arnheim-Dahlstrom and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f5906) provides a timely and important contribution to the evidence base on the safety of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine,3 which prevents HPV infection and disease due to the oncogenic types HPV-16 and HPV-18 and types HPV-6 and HPV-11, which cause genital warts.

This population based cohort analysis provides strong evidence that autoimmune conditions, neurological diseases, and thromboembolic disease are not triggered by quadrivalent HPV vaccination. Serious sudden onset conditions such as these, which are largely of undetermined cause, are sometimes falsely attributed to vaccination when population based vaccination programmes are implemented.4 It is crucial that surveillance systems can rule out false associations and identify rare but real …
Diagnostic Challenges: 150 Cases to Test Your Clinical Skills
Authors: David A. Horowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 October 1999Diagnostic Challenges: 150 Cases to Test Your Clinical SkillsDavid A. Horowitz, MDDavid A. Horowitz, MDHospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Horowitz)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Goldberg M. 390 pages. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1999. $28.00. ISBN 0683306944. Order phone 800-638-0672.Field of medicine: Internal medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians.Purpose: To stimulate the physician's clinical interests and expand his or her knowledge of internal medicine through interesting case histories.Content: Goldberg begins by introducing the reader to his philosophy of clinical medicine and approach to differential diagnosis. He emphasizes the importance of skilled history taking, physical examination, and diagnostic methods. The remainder of the book consists of detailed case reports. The solution to each case includes explanation of thought processes that aid ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Horowitz) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 7Page: 556KeywordsDiagnostic medicineForecastingHeartHistory of medicinePatientsPrimary care physiciansProblem solvingResearch laboratoriesSoftware toolsTraditional medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 5 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery preserves global and regional left ventricular function after intravenous tissue plasminogeh activator therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Dean J Kereiakes, Eric J Topol, Barry S George, Charles W Abbottsmith, Richard S Stack, Richard J Candela, William W O'Neill, Linda H Martin, Robert M Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
A comparison of coarctation resection and patch angioplasty using postexercise blood pressure measurements.
Authors: T M Connor, W P Baker
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Postexercise arm-to-leg blood pressure gradients were measured in 31 patients to determine the effectiveness of two surgical techniques for treating coarctation of the aorta. The arm-to-leg postexercise mean systolic blood pressure gradient was 29 mm Hg lower in 13 patients treated with Dacron patch angioplasty than in 18 patients whose coarctation was resected (p less than 0.01). Some patients with high postexercise gradients after coarctation resection had a reduced proximal aortic lumen by angiography. The results of this study indicate that Dacron patch angioplasty is the method of choice for effectively reducing postexercise systolic pressure gradients in patients with coarctation and hypoplasia of the aortic isthmus.
Insulin has potential to prevent type 1 diabetes in high risk children, say researchers
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

High dose insulin given to children at risk of developing type 1 diabetes resulted in an immune response without hypoglycaemia, a double blind, placebo controlled pilot study has found.

The German researchers said that the findings, published in JAMA ,1 support the need for a phase III trial to determine whether oral insulin can prevent islet autoimmunity and diabetes in children genetically at risk.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased in the past few …
134 DECREASED HEPATIC MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND TNFa-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE DAMAGE IN APOE/5-LIPOXYGENASE DOUBLE KNOCKOUT MICE
Authors: M. Martínez-Clemente, N. Ferré, M. López-Parra, R. Horrillo, A. González-Périz, E. Titos, E. Morán-Salvador, R. Miquel, V. Arroyo, C.D. Funk, J. Clària
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Plastic Surgery: the Hand
Authors: Bradford Cannon, Erle E. Peacock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

(Concluded)Crushing InjuriesThe most disabling trauma to the hand is often the crushing injury with avulsion or destruction of skin, tearing of tendons and nerves and multiple fractures of the bony structures. Greater familiarity with methods of skin replacement and of internal fixation of fractures, an awareness of the importance of early mobilization and finally the use of well tried technics for later repairs of tendon, nerve and bone have stimulated an increasing interest in the corrective surgery of severe trauma to the hand and forearm. Despite the safety precautions in industry and the warnings about farm machinery these . . .
Comprehensive analysis of PTEN status in Sézary syndrome
Authors: Cristina Cristofoletti, Maria Cristina Picchio, Cristina Lazzeri, Valeria Tocco, Elena Pagani, Antonella Bresin, Barbara Mancini, Francesca Passarelli, Antonio Facchiano, Enrico Scala, Giuseppe Alfonso Lombardo, Maria Cantonetti, Elisabetta Caprini, Giandomenico Russo, Maria Grazia Narducci
Journal: Blood (2013)
Financial Conflicts of Interest and the Food and Drug Administration's Advisory Committees
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Advisory committees to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) help the agency make decisions about the approval of medications and medical devices, among other issues. Membership on these committees is subject to detailed policies and procedures for managing potential conflicts of interest and for balancing possible conflicts against the agency's need for advisers with relevant scientific expertise (see box).1,2 Two recent high-profile meetings have raised questions about the agency's approach and whether it should change.In February, the FDA convened a joint meeting of the Arthritis Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee to discuss . . .
Correlation of Tc-99m GSA Hepatic Studies With Biopsies in Patients With Chronic Active Hepatitis
Authors: SEIJI TOMIGUCHI, TOMOHIRO KIRA, YOICHI OYAMA, MITSUKO NABESHIMA, RUMI NAKASHIMA, AKINORI TSUJI, AKIHIRO KOJIMA, MUTSUMASA TAKAHASHI, SHUNJI YOSHIMATSU, KATSURO SAGARA, RYOICHI KURANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

To determine whether scintigraphic findings of Tc-99m DTPA-galactosyl-HSA (GSA) correspond to histopathologic findings, Tc-99m GSA hepatic scintigraphy and biopsy were compared in 65 patients with chronic active hepatitis. After injecting 185 MBq of Tc-99m GSA, anterior images were obtained at 5 minutes and 15 minutes. Scintigrams were classified into three grades according to the extent of visualization of the cardiac blood pool on 5 minute and 15 minute images. Biopsies were subjectively graded for findings of necrosis and fibrosis. Scintigraphic grades on 5 minute images were correlated with hepatic necrosis and fibrosis and those on 15-minute images with hepatic fibrosis. Scintigraphic abnormalities of Tc-99m GSA correlated well with histopathologic abnormalities, especially with hepatic fibrosis and necrosis in patients with chronic active hepatitis.
Diagnosis of Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Authors: John J. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Most patients with bladder outlet obstruction present themselves with clear-cut symptoms, so that diagnosis is easy. There is a substantial group of patients who have vague or bizarre urinary tract symptoms and in whom the possibility of bladder outlet obstruction should be considered when no other cause for the symptoms is apparent. These patients should undergo pyelographic, cystourethroscopic, and urethrographic examination. Direct measurement of intravesical pressures during urination is valuable in diagnosing vesical outlet obstruction which is not revealed by other diagnostic methods. This procedure has also proved useful in evaluating the various methods of treatment.
Non-H-2 restriction of expression of passively transferred delayed sensitivity.
Authors: P A Berche, R J North
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The results of this study of allogeneic restriction of passively transferred delayed sensitivity to Listeria antigens serve to illustrate the complexity of in vivo models. They show that the H-2 restriction observed when delayed-type hypersensitivity was transferred between H-2-congenic strains was no more severe than the restriction observed when delayed-type hypersensitivity was transferred between parental and F1 mice and between different strains sharing the same H-2 haplotype. It is obvious that genes, in addition to those of the H-2 locus, can be responsible for allogeneic restriction in vivo.
Untrained community help in the rehabilitation of stroke sufferers with language disorder.
Authors: R Lesser, M Watt
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The Newcastle Speech-After-Stroke Project is one of many schemes in Britain that have used untrained helpers to set up community clubs and home visiting for dysphasic stroke sufferers. To examine the contribution to rehabilitation made by such activities, patients' language abilities and social confidence were assessed when they entered the project and after about six months. Formal tests of language showed no significant improvement after six months, but social confidence increased. Such projects can make a valuable contribution in helping dysphasic people to regain a role in the community. Nevertheless, too much should not be expected of them in the way of direct help in the patients' recovery of language.
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BISULFITE BINDING SUBSTANCES (B.B.S.) IN THE BLOOD AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Authors: HERMAN WORTIS, ERNEST BUEDING, WILLIAM E. WILSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

The levels of bisulfite binding substances (B.B.S.) in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid were studied in 222 patients with neuropsychiatric and medical disorders and the following conclusions reached: 1. The usual range of B.B.S. in the spinal fluid is 1.00-2.25 mgms. per cent, which is usually 35-60 per cent of the amount found in an equivalent blood sample. 2. The B.B.S. may or may not be elevated in cases of clinical vitamin B1 deficiency (peripheral neuropathy, beri-beri—possibly Korsakoff and Wernicke's syndromes) but this is also true for conditions in which there is no clinical evidence of vitamin B1 deficiency. Eight cases of peripheral neuropathy in alcoholics were studied. This syndrome in alcoholics is the result of vitamin B1 deficiency.14 Four cases showed an elevated B.B.S. in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid or both, and the other four had normal figures. These variations obtained in both acute and chronic cases. Hence, the B. B. S. in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid cannot be used as an indication of vitamin B1 deficiency. CHART XIII. BEHAVIOR AND CONDUCT DISTURBANCES(TOTAL 93 CASES). [See Figure in Source PDF] 3. A comparatively large group of psychiatric disorders, including alcoholic psychoses, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychoses, miscellaneous psychoses and neuroses and behavior and conduct disorders in children were studied. No constant deviation from the normal was found. Uncontrolled diabetes with marked acetonuria shows a marked elevation in B.B.S. 4. Paraldehyde causes an elevation of B.B.S. in the blood for 24 hours. It is suggested that the method employed causes a partial hydrolysis of paraldehyde to acetaldehyde, which latter binds bisulfite and thereby increases the total B.B.S. 5. The B.B.S. is not an accurate indication of the pyruvic acid levels in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Mention is made of several cases of peripheral neuropathy in alcoholics, with elevated pyruvic acid levels in the body fluids and a normal total B.B.S. Similarly, mention is made of several cases with marked elevation of B.B.S. in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid and a normal pyruvic acid level. 6. In cases of elevated B.B.S. in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, the factors which may contribute to that total must be individually analyzed. Pyruvic acid is only one of these factors.
A protein in urine associated with muscle disease and muscle damage.
Authors: N Frearson, R D Taylor, S V Perry
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Analysis of the protein composition of human urine by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that several features are associated with neuromuscular diseases, the best defined being the appearance in the urine of a small amount of a protein that migrates on the electropherogram as a characteristic spot (spot C). This spot consists of a protein of apparent molecular weight 26 000 and isoelectric point 5.3. The spot was usually present in the urine of patients suffering from diseases in which the musculature was directly affected but was rarely found in other patients and normal subjects. The protein responsible for spot C appears to be an index of muscle damage caused by a number of conditions. Attempts are being made to isolate enough of the protein to permit its identification.