tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age thresholds for prophylactic replacement of Björk-Shiley convexo-concave heart valves. A clinical and economic evaluation.
Authors: J H van der Meulen, E W Steyerberg, Y van der Graaf, L A van Herwerden, C J Verbaan, J J Defauw, J D Habbema
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Björk-Shiley convexo-concave heart valves have an increased risk of mechanical failure. One might consider prophylactic rereplacement as a preventive measure to avert the disastrous consequences of these failures. We investigated the effect that prophylactic rereplacement has on survival of individual patients and on the medical costs. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative estimates for the surgical risks of prophylactic replacement of Björk-Shiley valves, long-term survival, and the risk of outlet strut fracture were derived insofar as possible from a detailed analysis of a follow-up study conducted in The Netherlands, including 2303 patients with a mean follow-up of 6.6 years. On the basis of these estimates, we calculated life expectancy with and without prophylactic replacement. For the various valve types, age thresholds were determined below which rereplacement prolongs (discounted quality-adjusted) life expectancy. We also calculated the cost per year of life gained as a function of age. The age thresholds below which prophylactic rereplacement increases life expectancy (expressed in simple future years of life) for male patients without comorbidity, if the surgical mortality after rereplacement is equivalent to that of primary replacement, are 27, 48, 51, and 65 years for small and large 60 degrees and for small and large 70 degrees mitral valves, respectively. For aortic valves, these age thresholds lie somewhat higher: 39, 52, 56, and 76 years, respectively. Repeat analyses indicated that for women, all age thresholds lie about 1 or 2 years higher. These age thresholds decrease considerably if the surgical mortality after rereplacement is considered to be higher after prophylactic rereplacement than after primary replacement or if comorbidity is present. The costs per discounted and quality-adjusted year of life gained depend on type and position of the Björk-Shiley convexo-concave heart valve and rise steeply as the patient's age approaches the threshold for rereplacement. CONCLUSIONS The results of the Dutch follow-up study allow guidance for prophylactic replacement of the Björk-Shiley convexo-concave valve on an individual basis. Rereplacement compares favorably with expectant management in some patient subgroups with both 60 degrees and 70 degrees valves. Age thresholds may serve as a first step in identifying patients in whom rereplacement might be beneficial.
Level III Lymph Node Involvement Cannot Be Predicted Following Positive Sentinel Node Biopsy.
Authors: E. Romano, M. Absar, C. Kirwan, M. Wilson, S. Pritchard, L. Barr, A. Baildam, N. Bundred
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Radiotherapy is a treatment alternative to axillary node clearance following a positive sentinel node biopsy. However level III lymph nodes are not usually treated with current axillary radiotherapy protocols, raising the concern of inadequate treatment.Methods: A retrospective review of 636 patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer, following normal axillary ultrasound, to identify factors predicting for level III involvement.Results:In total 115 (18% of 636 women undergoing sentinel node biopsy had node involvement. Subsequent axillary node clearance in these patients identified 50% with further axillary node involvement. Further lymph node involvement was not predicted by standard pathological factors (oestrogen/progesterone/Her 2 neu receptor status/tumour size/grade). The Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) breast nomogram for additional node metastases had limited clinical utility. The mean (range) score to predict node involvement in node positive patients was 22% (4-95%) and node negative patients was 13% (5-33%) (p=0.01). 11% of patients had metastatic disease in level III nodes at surgery. Level III involvement was not predicted by routine clinicopathological factors, and although the MSKCC breast nomogram gave higher scores for the prediction of patients with subsequent level III involvement (level III positive: 32% (6-95%); negative: 14% (4-69%)), it was not discriminatory.Conclusion: Neither the MSKCC breast nomogram or standard clinicopathological factors predict for level III node involvement following positive sentinel node biopsy. Level III axillary node clearance must therefore be recommended as the gold standard for positive axillary disease to avoid the risk of undertreating 11% of patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1015.
Tumorigenic Activity of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus T Antigens Expressed in the Stratified Epithelium of Mice
Authors: Megan E. Spurgeon, Jingwei Cheng, Roderick T. Bronson, Paul F. Lambert, James A. DeCaprio
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is frequently associated with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. Most MCC tumors contain integrated copies of the viral genome with persistent expression of the MCPyV large T (LT) and small T (ST) antigen. MCPyV isolated from MCC typically contains wild-type ST but truncated forms of LT that retain the N-terminus but delete the C-terminus and render LT incapable of supporting virus replication. To determine the oncogenic activity of MCC tumor-derived T antigens in vivo, a conditional, tissue-specific mouse model was developed. Keratin 14-mediated Cre recombinase expression induced expression of MCPyV T antigens in stratified squamous epithelial cells and Merkel cells of the skin epidermis. Mice expressing MCPyV T antigens developed hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and acanthosis of the skin with additional abnormalities in whisker pads, footpads, and eyes. Nearly half of the mice also developed cutaneous papillomas. Evidence for neoplastic progression within stratified epithelia included increased cellular proliferation, unscheduled DNA synthesis, increased E2F-responsive genes levels, disrupted differentiation, and presence of a DNA damage response. These results indicate that MCPyV T antigens are tumorigenic in vivo, consistent with their suspected etiologic role in human cancer.
Max Perutz and the secret of life
Authors: Roy L. Silverstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

List of Illustrations Preface and Acknowledgements 1. Scenes from a Vienna Childhood 2. 'It Was Cambridge That Made Me' 3. 'The Most Dangerous Characters of All' 4. Home and Homeland 5. Mountains and Mahomet 6. How Haemoglobin Was Not Solved 7. Annus Mirabilis 8. In Search of Solutions 9. A Structure for Science - the LMB 10. The Breathing Molecule 11. Health and Disease 12. Truth Always Wins Select Bibliography Notes Glossary Index
Trap Effect of Three‐Dimensional Fibers Network for High Efficient Cancer‐Cell Capture
Authors: Lan Ma, Gao Yang, Nü Wang, Pengchao Zhang, Fengyun Guo, Jingxin Meng, Feilong Zhang, Zuojun Hu, Shutao Wang, Yong Zhao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Cells are trapped: The 3D fibrous interfaces, including microfibers, nanofibers, and nanofibers/microbeads composite interfaces, are fabricated by electrospinning. After coated with anti-EpCAM, these 3D fibrous interfaces allow cancer cells to be firmly trapped into the networks that show the outstanding capability for cancer cell capture from real blood.
Glutathione S Transferases M1 and T1 Genetic Variants are Associated with Coronary Artery Ectasia
Authors: Ayşe Yiğit, Efkan Uz, H. Ramazan Yılmaz, Abdullah Doğan, Barbaros Yiğit, Atilla İçli, Habil Yücel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reanalyses of Trial Results—Reply
Authors: Shanil Ebrahim, John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Restriction of right to prescribe
Authors: B. Caplan
Journal: BMJ (1976)

that in "normal" twin pairs' (anaemic twin IgG 5 40 g/l; normal twin IgG 5 43 g/l).In contrast, in cases of the chronic type of fetofetal transfusion syndrome the donor twin had abnormally low levels of IgG whereas those of the recipient were within the normal range.3There were invariably large intrapair discrepancies and we suggest that this may be due to a disturbance in the maternofetal transfer of the immunoglobulin across the donor portion of the placenta, which is fre- quently oedematous and histologically abnormal in such cases.4
Decision making in interhospital transport of critically ill patients: national questionnaire survey among critical care physicians
Authors: Erik Jan van Lieshout, Rien de Vos, Jan M. Binnekade, Rob de Haan, Marcus J. Schultz, Margreeth B. Vroom
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

This study assessed the relative importance of clinical and transport-related factors in physicians' decision-making regarding the interhospital transport of critically ill patients.The medical heads of all 95 ICUs in The Netherlands were surveyed with a questionnaire using 16 case vignettes to evaluate preferences for transportability; 78 physicians (82%) participated. The vignettes varied in eight factors with regard to severity of illness and transport conditions. Their relative weights were calculated for each level of the factors by conjoint analysis and expressed in beta. The reference value (beta = 0) was defined as the optimal conditions for critical care transport; a negative beta indicated preference against transportability.The type of escorting personnel (paramedic only: beta = -3.1) and transport facilities (standard ambulance beta = -1.21) had the greatest negative effect on preference for transportability. Determinants reflecting severity of illness were of relative minor importance (dose of noradrenaline beta = -0.6, arterial oxygenation beta = -0.8, level of peep beta = -0.6). Age, cardiac arrhythmia, and the indication for transport had no significant effect.Escorting personnel and transport facilities in interhospital transport were considered as most important by intensive care physicians in determining transportability. When these factors are optimal, even severely critically ill patients are considered able to undergo transport. Further clinical research should tailor transport conditions to optimize the use of expensive resources in those inevitable road trips.
A Relationship of Tissue Lipids to Sex and Body Weight in the Albino Rat
Authors: NANCY L. NOBLE, ROBERT J. BOUCEK, GEORGE T. LEWIS
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

This report deals with the relationship of various lipid fractions in the heart and in the liver, and the urinary excretion of ketone bodies, to sex and body weight in normal nonfasted albino rats. Results indicate the existence of differences in concentrations of fatty acid, neutral fat, and phospholipid in the liver of male rats as body weight increases. Phospholipid concentration of the liver and heart of the male and the heart of the female declines significantly with age.
Not the module does memory make – but the network
Authors: Joaquin M. Fuster
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract This commentary questions the target articles inferences from a limited set of empirical data to support this model and conceptual scheme. Especially questionable is the attribution of internal representation properties to an assembly of cells in a discrete cortical module firing at a discrete attractor frequency. Alternative inferences are drawn from cortical cooling and cell-firing data that point to the internal representation as a broad and specific cortical network defined by cortico-cortical connectivity. Active memory, it is proposed, consists in the sustained activation of the component neuron populations of the network.
Adequacy of general practitioners' premises for minor surgery.
Authors: N Zoltie, G Hoult
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--Assessment of facilities for minor surgery in general practitioners9 premises. DESIGN--Independent inspection of premises and equipment. SETTING--Large urban district. SUBJECTS--Premises of all general practitioners who applied to be reimbursed for minor surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Fullfilment of 14 pre-selected criteria. RESULTS--69 of 111 premises met all criteria and were approved; 23 failed on only one criterion. The commonest reasons for failure were inadequate record keeping and lack of resuscitation equipment. Twelve practices had out of date adrenaline. CONCLUSIONS--Most premises are suitable for minor surgery, some with attention needed to record keeping. Practices must pay careful attention to the expiry date of adrenaline.
Role of dietitians in enteral feeding.
Authors: C A Russell
Journal: Gut (1986)

Awareness of the nutritional requirements of inpatients has been sadly neglected for many years. Students in British medical schools are taught little about clinical nutrition and the role of the dietitian. Dietitians, on the other hand, spend four years learning the science of nutrition and dietetics. In most hospitals in Britain dietitians are responsible for giving advice on a wide range of therapeutic diets, and only a minority specialize in one particular aspect of nutrition and dietetics. Recent changes and developments in nutritional support have offered an exciting and interesting challenge to dietitians, who with their well established background in nutrition, can play an important part in the nutritional care team.
Myeloperoxidase-rich Ly-6C+ myeloid cells infiltrate allografts and contribute to an imaging signature of organ rejection in mice
Authors: Filip K. Swirski, Moritz Wildgruber, Takuya Ueno, Jose-Luiz Figueiredo, Peter Panizzi, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Elizabeth Zhang, James R. Stone, Elisenda Rodriguez, John W. Chen, Mikael J. Pittet, Ralph Weissleder, Matthias Nahrendorf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Rates of graft rejection are high among recipients of heart transplants. The onset and progression of clinically significant heart transplant rejection are currently monitored by serial biopsy, but this approach is highly invasive and lacks sensitivity. Here, we have developed what we believe to be a new technique to measure organ rejection noninvasively that involves the exploration of tissue-infiltrating leukocytes as biomarker sources for diagnostic imaging. Specifically, we profiled the myeloid response in a murine model of heart transplantation with the aim of defining and validating an imaging signature of graft rejection. Ly-6Chi monocytes, which promote inflammation, accumulated progressively in allografts but only transiently in isografts. Ly-6Clo monocytes, which help resolve inflammation, did not accumulate, although they composed the majority of the few remaining monocytes in isografts. The persistence of Ly-6Chi monocytes in allografts prompted us to screen for a Ly-6Chi monocyte-associated imaging marker. Low-density array data revealed that Ly-6Chi monocytes express 10-fold higher levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) than Ly-6Clo monocytes. Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of MPO with an MPO-activatable Gd-chelate revealed a spatially defined T1-weighted signal in rejected allografts but not in isografts or MPO-deficient allograft recipients. Flow cytometry, enzymography, and histology validated the approach by mapping MPO activity to Ly-6Chi monocytes and neutrophils. Thus, MPO imaging represents a potential alternative to the current invasive clinical standard by which transplants are monitored.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUSCULOSKELETAL STIFFNESS AND LOWER LIMB INJURY IN ATHLETES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: A Thomson,
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Lower limb injuries are prevalent in sports involving running, hopping and jumping. Musculoskeletal lower limb stiffness is a modifiable mechanical property that may be related to injury risk in athletes. Design Systematic Review. Objective Examine the relationship between musculoskeletal stiffness and lower limb injury in athletes. Methods Literature searching was undertaken on 3 electronic databases (MEDLINE/SPORTDiscus/google scholar) up to September 2013. All prospective and case-control studies evaluating lower limb MSK stiffness and injury in athletes were included. Two researchers independently extracted outcome data and assessed the quality of included studies using a modified Downs and Black index. Effect sizes were calculated using RevMan software (version 5.2). Results 11 studies (6 prospective and 5 case controlled) were identified, comprising a total of 474 participants (378 M, 96 F) with a mean age range of 13–39 years. The majority of studies (9 out of 11) were undertaken on international or elite athletes. Quality index scores ranged from 13 to 16 (max 19). Athletes with a history of unilateral lower limb injury displayed less stiffness when compared to their un-injured contralateral sides. Pooled data from three case control studies also found tendon stiffness was significantly lower in athletes with tendinopathy compared to un-injured matched controls (SMD 0.70, 95% CI 0.07–1.48). Data from prospective studies could not be pooled due to clinical heterogeneity. There was a clear trend that athletes with bilateral differences in leg stiffness or higher mean leg stiffness were more likely to develop a non-contact lower limb injury. Conclusions Case controlled studies show a clear relationship between musculoskeletal stiffness and athletic injury. Prospective research provides further evidence that musculoskeletal stiffness may have an important causal role; however this may be implicated by previous injury.
17 β-estradiol and tamoxifen upregulate estrogen receptor β expression and control podocyte signaling pathways in a model of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Paola Catanuto, Sophie Doublier, Enrico Lupia, Alessia Fornoni, Mariana Berho, Michael Karl, Gary E Striker, Xiaomei Xia, Sharon Elliot
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Polygenic Autoimmune Traits: Lyn, CD22, and SHP-1 Are Limiting Elements of a Biochemical Pathway Regulating BCR Signaling and Selection
Authors: Richard J Cornall, Jason G Cyster, Margaret L Hibbs, Ashley R Dunn, Kevin L Otipoby, Edward A Clark, Christopher C Goodnow
Journal: Immunity (1998)

A B lymphocyte hyperactivity syndrome resembling systemic lupus erythematosus characterizes mice lacking the src-family kinase Lyn. Lyn is not required to initiate B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling but is an essential inhibitory component. lyn−/− B cells have a delayed but increased calcium flux and exaggerated negative selection responses in the presence of antigen and spontaneous hyperactivity in the absence of antigen. As in invertebrates, genetic effects of loci with only one functional allele can be used to analyze signaling networks in mice, demonstrating that negative regulation of the BCR is a complex quantitative trait in which Lyn, the coreceptor CD22, and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 are each limiting elements. The biochemical basis of this complex trait involves a pathway requiring Lyn to phosphorylate CD22 and recruit SHP-1 to the CD22/BCR complex.
Place and Cause of Death in Centenarians: A Population-Based Observational Study in England, 2001 to 2010
Authors: Catherine J. Evans, Yuen Ho, Barbara A. Daveson, Sue Hall, Irene J. Higginson, Wei Gao
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Catherine J. Evans and colleagues studied how many and where centenarians in England die, their causes of death, and how these measures have changed from 2001 to 2010. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Role of preclinical cardiovascular disease in the evolution from risk factor exposure to development of morbid events.
Authors: R B Devereux, M H Alderman
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Conventional risk factors (especially high arterial pressure, elevated cholesterol and glucose levels, and cigarette smoking) are useful predictors of morbid atherosclerotic and hypertensive events, and their control variably reduces the incidence of events. However, both the ability to predict risk and the ability to reduce it by modification of established risk factors are limited. These limitations occur in part because the progression from risk factor exposure to morbid events depends on the variable likelihood that individuals exposed to the same risk factors will progress through two stages: the development of asymptomatic or "preclinical" anatomic and functional cardiovascular disease in response to standard risk factors and other variables, and the precipitation of morbid events by progression of preclinical disease or by the action of additional "triggering" mechanisms in the presence of preclinical disease. Advances in diagnostic methodology now make possible accurate noninvasive detection in many asymptomatic individuals of preclinical disease such as left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid atherosclerosis, and renal dysfunction. Progress in elucidating stimuli to left ventricular hypertrophy and systemic atherosclerosis suggests that focusing research separately on these two stages of disease evolution is a fruitful strategy. The closer relation of measures of preclinical disease than risk factors with the subsequent risk of complications indicates that their detection improves clinical risk stratification. However, critical testing of whether clinical outcome is improved or treatment cost is lowered by basing antihypertensive or antihyperlipidemic treatment decisions in part on the presence of preclinical cardiovascular disease is needed before this strategy is adopted on a widespread scale.
Compulsory Premarital Screening for HIV
Authors: Larimore Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Once again, Harvard scholars have shone a clarifying light on an otherwise confusing subject. The report by Cleary et al 1 examines the efficacy of premarital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening. Their excellent quantitative model seems to cover almost all conceivable factors that bear on this issue. However, we do not agree with the authors' conclusion that HIV screening is not cost-effective. Output from the model depends on input assumptions. Cleary et al assumed a relatively low figure for HIV prevalence. Many localities throughout the nation have an HIV prevalence far greater than the 0.07% used in the Harvard report.  One use of the model is to view it in reverse. First decide what price we are willing to pay for each case prevented and then determine what prevalence of HIV infection justifies screening. It seems to me that reasonable public health policy would call for screening
INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF STENT FRACTURE AFTER VARIOUS TYPES OF STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Yu Izawa, Kazushige Kadota, Hidewo Amano, Michitaka Nakamura, Tahei Ichinohe, Shunsuke Kubo, Koshi Miyake, Yusuke Hyodo, Naoki Saito, Yuki Hayakawa, Suguru Otsuru, Hideaki Otsuji, Daiji Hasegawa, Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)