tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Fibrosis as an Early Manifestation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Carolyn Y. Ho, Begoña López, Otavio R. Coelho-Filho, Neal K. Lakdawala, Allison L. Cirino, Petr Jarolim, Raymond Kwong, Arantxa González, Steven D. Colan, J.G. Seidman, Javier Díez, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Myocardial fibrosis is a hallmark of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a proposed substrate for arrhythmias and heart failure. In animal models, profibrotic genetic pathways are activated early, before hypertrophic remodeling. Data showing early profibrotic responses to sarcomere-gene mutations in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are lacking.We used echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and serum biomarkers of collagen metabolism, hemodynamic stress, and myocardial injury to evaluate subjects with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a confirmed genotype.The study involved 38 subjects with pathogenic sarcomere mutations and overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 39 subjects with mutations but no left ventricular hypertrophy, and 30 controls who did not have mutations. Levels of serum C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) were significantly higher in mutation carriers without left ventricular hypertrophy and in subjects with overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than in controls (31% and 69% higher, respectively; P<0.001). The ratio of PICP to C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was increased only in subjects with overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, suggesting that collagen synthesis exceeds degradation. Cardiac MRI studies showed late gadolinium enhancement, indicating myocardial fibrosis, in 71% of subjects with overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but in none of the mutation carriers without left ventricular hypertrophy.Elevated levels of serum PICP indicated increased myocardial collagen synthesis in sarcomere-mutation carriers without overt disease. This profibrotic state preceded the development of left ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis visible on MRI. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)
Gastric B-cell mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a clinicopathological study in 56 patients.
Authors: J M Castrillo, C Montalban, G Obeso, M A Piris, M C Rivas
Journal: Gut (1992)

Clinico-pathological features of 56 patients with primary gastric lymphoma were evaluated retrospectively. All cases were regraded according to a classification of Isaacson et al into high grade and low grade B-cell mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. A third group of mixed grade was recognised in 11 patients with low grade who also had occasional areas of high grade. Low grade and mixed grade patients had a 100% actuarial survival at 156 months, which was significantly better (p < 0.01) than that of 52% for patients with high grade disease. Different treatment methods--surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of both--did not significantly affect survival. Low grade tumours occurred mainly in men with a history of several years, and who presented with non-specific gastric symptoms without remarkable exploratory or laboratory findings: most patients were in stage IE-IIE and achieved remission and cure. High grade can have a shorter history, systemic symptoms, abnormal exploratory and laboratory findings, gastric tumour masses, stage IV disease, and a worse outcome. The only significant prognostic factors for survival were the type of lymphoma and stage IV disease. These findings support the Isaacson classification system which separates two extreme groups of gastric lymphomas with different morphology, behaviour, and outcome. The presence of limited areas of high grade in a specimen showing low grade does not change the outcome but suggests that primary gastric lymphoma forms a continuum between these extreme types.
Job Loss and Re-Employment of Cancer Patients in Korean Employees: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jae-Hyun Park, Eun-Cheol Park, Jong-Hyock Park, Sung-Gyeong Kim, Sang-Yi Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether a diagnosis of cancer has an impact on the cancer patients’ job loss and re-employment and to identify the factors affecting job loss and re-employment during 6 years of follow-up of Korean employees with cancer. Patients and Methods All employees except for the self-employed in Korea who were diagnosed with cancer during the 2001 calendar year (n = 5,396) were identified as the first baseline patients and were followed every 3 months over 6 years to estimate the time taken to job loss. Patients who lost their job within the first year after a diagnosis of cancer (n = 1,398) were identified as the second baseline patients and were followed up over 5 years to estimate the time taken to re-employment using the National Health Insurance claims data. Patient demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables were investigated as factors that affected job loss and re-employment. Results Among the first baseline cancer patients, 47.0% lost their job, and among the second baseline patients, 30.5% were re-employed over 69 to 72 months of follow-up. Female sex, younger age and older age, company employee, lower income, blood cancer, and brain and CNS, lung, and liver cancer were significant predictors of early job loss or delayed re-employment. Conclusion The diagnosis of cancer affects cancer patients’ employment status differently according to different factors: sex, age, type of job, income, and cancer site. Efforts should be made to support re-employment and reduce unnecessary work cessation and disparity between different demographic and socioeconomic groups of cancer survivors.
Nitrite as regulator of hypoxic signaling in mammalian physiology
Authors: Ernst E. van Faassen, Soheyl Bahrami, Martin Feelisch, Neil Hogg, Malte Kelm, Daniel B. Kim‐Shapiro, Andrey V. Kozlov, Haitao Li, Jon O. Lundberg, Ron Mason, Hans Nohl, Tienush Rassaf, Alexandre Samouilov, Anny Slama‐Schwok, Sruti Shiva, Anatoly F. Vanin, Eddie Weitzberg, Jay Zweier, Mark T. Gladwin
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract In this review we consider the effects of endogenous and pharmacological levels of nitrite under conditions of hypoxia. In humans, the nitrite anion has long been considered as metastable intermediate in the oxidation of nitric oxide radicals to the stable metabolite nitrate. This oxidation cascade was thought to be irreversible under physiological conditions. However, a growing body of experimental observations attests that the presence of endogenous nitrite regulates a number of signaling events along the physiological and pathophysiological oxygen gradient. Hypoxic signaling events include vasodilation, modulation of mitochondrial respiration, and cytoprotection following ischemic insult. These phenomena are attributed to the reduction of nitrite anions to nitric oxide if local oxygen levels in tissues decrease. Recent research identified a growing list of enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways for this endogenous reduction of nitrite. Additional direct signaling events not involving free nitric oxide are proposed. We here discuss the mechanisms and properties of these various pathways and the role played by the local concentration of free oxygen in the affected tissue. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 5, 683–741, 2009
Assessment of airway inflammation in children with acute asthma using induced sputum
Authors: SH Twaddell, PG Gibson, K Carty, KL Woolley, RL Henry
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aims of this study were: to assess the safety of a sputum induction method using inhaled normal saline in children with acute asthma; and to investigate changes in sputum cell counts between acute exacerbations of asthma and its resolution. Ultrasonically nebulized normal saline was used to induce sputum from children (n = 8) presenting with acute asthma within 1 h of arrival and again at least 14 days later, after resolution of the exacerbation. Children received pretreatment with bronchodilator, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) was monitored throughout the procedure. Samples were analysed for total cell count, differential cell counts, and for eosinophils and neutrophils using specific immunochemical stains. Sputum induction was performed without adverse effect in each child with acute asthma. The mean fall in PEF from baseline during sputum induction was 5.3% during the acute attack and 3.4% at resolution. A shorter nebulization time was required to induce sputum in acute asthma than at follow-up (7.8 vs 13.9 min; p = 0.04). During acute asthma, there was an intense cellular infiltrate (mean total cell count 34 x 10(6) cells.mL-1), which resolved after recovery (1.9 x 10(6) cells.mL-1) (p = 0.04). The infiltrate was heterogenous, comprising eosinophils (6.7 x 10(6) cells.mL-1), neutrophils (5.4 x 10(6) cells.mL-1) and mast cells (0.47 x 10(6) cells.mL-1). Resolution of the exacerbation was accompanied by a significant fall in eosinophils and neutrophils (p < or = 0.04). Normal saline induction of sputum can be used to assess airway inflammation in acute asthma. Children with acute asthma have intense airway inflammation that is heterogeneous and involves neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells.
Exercise Capacity and Cardiovascular/Metabolic Characteristics of Overweight and Obese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Paul M. Ribisl, Wei Lang, Sarah A. Jaramillo, John M. Jakicic, Kerry J. Stewart, Judy Bahnson, Renee Bright, Jeff F. Curtis, Richard S. Crow, Judith E. Soberman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We examined associations of cardiovascular, metabolic, and body composition measures with exercise capacity using baseline data from 5,145 overweight and/or obese (BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m2) men and women with type 2 diabetes who were randomized participants for the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) clinical trial.Peak exercise capacity expressed as METs and estimated from treadmill speed and grade was measured during a graded exercise test designed to elicit a maximal effort. Other measures included waist circumference, BMI, type 2 diabetes duration, types of medication used, A1C, history of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, beta-blocker use, and race/ethnicity.Peak exercise capacity was higher for men (8.0 +/- 2.1 METs) than for women (6.7 +/- 1.7 METs) (P < 0.001). Exercise capacity also decreased across each decade of age (P < 0.001) and with increasing BMI and waist circumference levels in both sexes. Older age, increased waist circumference and BMI, a longer duration of diabetes, increased A1C, a history of cardiovascular disease, having metabolic syndrome, beta-blocker use, and being African American compared with being Caucasian were associated with a lower peak exercise capacity for both sexes. Hypertension and use of diabetes medications were associated with lower peak exercise capacity in women.Individuals with diabetes who are overweight or obese have impaired exercise capacity, which is primarily related to age, female sex, and race, as well as poor metabolic control, BMI, and central obesity.
The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study
Authors: D. Rojas-Rueda, A. de Nazelle, M. Tainio, M. J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor for developing sleep apnea syndrome. CPAP is its treatment. Moreover, the use of CPAP may decrease perioperative complications in patients who have to undergo bariatric surgery. - Objective: To study the prevalence of OSAS in morbidly obese subjects. - Methods: We studied all patients who were referred to our unit of sleep disorders with an obesity diagnosis, using the following inclusion criteria: BMI higher than 40, acceptance of polygraphy. All patients answered a clinical questionnaire in order to assess: symptoms of sleep apnea and cardiometabolic comorbidity. Additionally, they all went through a polygraphic or polysomnographic study. The diagnosis of OSA was established with the presence of an AHI higher than 5 and the severity rating was made according to the SEPAR criteria. - Results: In three years we have studied 292 subjects with the stablished criteria, 115 men, 176 women, average age 47.1 +/-14. Average BMI 46.7. SAHS diagnosis was established in 243 cases (83.5% prevalence) of which 54 (22.2%) had mild OSA, 62 (25.5%) moderate OSA, and 127 (52.2%) severe OSA. In patients with OSA, the Epworth test average result was 7.43 +/-4.5 and in terms of comorbidity, 106 patiens had hipertension, 43.6%, 89 had dyslipidemia (36.6%) and 60 had diabetes (24.6%), 11 had had ischemic events (4.7%) and 5 had cerebrovascular disease (2%). - Conclusions: Individuals with morbid obesity have a very high prevalence of OSA in the absence of significant hypersomnolence. The need to treat these patients makes us recommend the routinary performance of polygraphic studies, even in paucisymptomatic patients.
A nonlinear method for estimating nucleotide polymorphism from restriction maps
Authors: K. A. Rice
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Restriction mapping is used to estimate nucleotide sequence polymorphism when the regions to be studied are too long or too numerous to be sequenced. Restriction mapping is less costly than DNA sequencing, but it does not allow direct measurement of underlying nucleotide polymorphism. It is therefore useful to be able to estimate underlying nucleotide polymorphism from observations of polymorphism in restriction maps, as this offers some of the resolution afforded by DNA sequencing at a reduced cost. Previous estimators of underlying nucleotide polymorphism have assumed that each restriction-enzyme-binding site contains, at most, a single polymorphic nucleotide position (the low-polymorphism-frequency assumption), and this assumption has placed an upper limit on the level of polymorphism that can be resolved by these estimators. The present study documents an estimator which allows relaxation of this assumption. The new estimator more accurately estimates underlying nucleotide polymorphism when the polymorphism level is high enough to falsify the low-polymorphism-frequency assumption. The new estimator therefore yields good results for data sets that are too divergent for analysis by present methods.
Graft-versus-host-reactive donor CD4 cells can induce T cell-mediated rejection of the donor marrow in mixed allogeneic chimeras prepared with nonmyeloablative conditioning
Authors: Yong-Mi Kim, Markus Y. Mapara, Julian D. Down, Kevin W. Johnson, Florence Boisgerault, Yoshinobu Akiyama, Gilles Benichou, Michele Pelot, Guiling Zhao, Megan Sykes
Journal: Blood (2003)
DIET AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR: HOW MUCH DO THEY AFFECT EACH OTHER?
Authors: M. J. P. Kruesi, J. L. Rapoport
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1986)

EVALUATION OF RESEARCH: GENERAL PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Subjects and Sampling . ....... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 114 Nutrient Manipulation or Dosage. .. .. . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ...... . . 114 GROSS DIETARY DISRUPTION . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . 116 ACUTE MALNUTRITION: FASTING VERSUS FED STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 117 HYPERSENSITIVITY TO DIETARY SUBSTANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . 119 BEHAVIORAL STUDIES WITH SPECIFIC DIETARY CONSTITUENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Caffeine . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... . . . . . . . .. ..... . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... 121 Sweeteners........ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 121 Amino Acids. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .... . . 125 Vitamins . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . ......... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . .. . ... . . 126 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . .   . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ....... ... . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .... . . . . . 126
Pulmonary vascular involvement in neoplastic angioendotheliosis.
Authors: T Koga, Y Ichikawa, K Tanaka, M Kawahara, H Ninomiya, O Nakashima, K Oizumi
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Neoplastic angioendotheliosis has rarely been described as a respiratory disease. A patient is described with pulmonary vascular involvement induced by neoplastic angioendotheliosis in pulmonary vessels.
Presentation, pattern, and natural course of severe symptoms, and role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among patients presenting with suspected uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care: observational study
Authors: P Little, R Merriman, S Turner, K Rumsby, G Warner, J A Lowes, H Smith, C Hawke, G Leydon, M Mullee, M V Moore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To assess the natural course and the important predictors of severe symptoms in urinary tract infection and the effect of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.Observational study.Primary care.839 non-pregnant adult women aged 18-70 presenting with suspected urinary tract infection.Duration and severity of symptoms.684 women provided some information on symptoms; 511 had both laboratory results and complete symptom diaries. For women with infections sensitive to antibiotics, severe symptoms, rated as a moderately bad problem or worse, lasted 3.32 days on average. After adjustment for other predictors, moderately bad symptoms lasted 56% longer (incidence rate ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.99, P<0.001) in women with resistant infections; 62% longer (1.62, 1.13 to 2.31, P=0.008) when no antibiotics prescribed; and 33% longer (1.33, 1.14 to 1.56, P<0.001) in women with urethral syndrome. The duration of symptoms was shorter if the doctor was perceived to be positive about diagnosis and prognosis (continuous 7 point scale: 0.91, 0.84 to 0.99; P=0.021) and longer when the woman had frequent somatic symptoms (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05, P=0.002; for each symptom), a history of cystitis, urinary frequency, and more severe symptoms at baseline.Antibiotic resistance and not prescribing antibiotics are associated with a greater than 50% increase in the duration of more severe symptoms in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Women with a history of cystitis, frequent somatic symptoms (high somatisation), and severe symptoms at baseline can be given realistic advice that they are likely to have severe symptoms lasting longer than three days.
The Influence of Neighborhood Environment on Treatment Continuity and Rehospitalization in Dually Diagnosed Patients Discharged From Acute Inpatient Care
Authors: Gerald J. Stahler, Jeremy Mennis, Rachel Cotlar, David A. Baron
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: Environmental contingencies inherent in neighborhoods and communities have been shown to affect individual behavior. The authors analyzed neighborhood and individual factors predicting initial outpatient treatment attendance and rehospitalization within 1 year among patients who were dually diagnosed with at least one mental disorder and a substance use disorder and discharged from an acute psychiatric inpatient care unit. Method: Stepwise-forward logistic regression modeling and a geographic information system were utilized to assess data extracted from the medical records of 380 patients who, upon hospital admission, had one or more mental health disorders and a positive urine drug screen for prototypical illicit drugs. Geographic data on patients' neighborhood environment were obtained from public sources. Outcome variables were whether a patient attended the first outpatient treatment appointment within 30 days of hospital discharge and whether a patient was readmitted to the inpatient unit within 1 year of discharge. Predictor variables were features relating to individual-level patient characteristics and features associated with neighborhood environment. Results: Factors that decreased the likelihood of attending the initial outpatient treatment were returning home following hospitalization (versus returning to an institutional setting), residing in an area with a high vacant housing rate, residing in an area far from an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting location, having the chief complaint of bizarre behavior (i.e., grossly inappropriate behavior), and having a urine drug screen positive for heroin. The likelihood of being rehospitalized within 1 year was greater for Hispanic patients, patients who had at least one prior hospital admission, and patients who lived in close proximity to a Narcotics Anonymous meeting location. Patients living in areas with higher educational attainment had a reduced likelihood of rehospitalization. Conclusions: A more explicit focus on the neighborhood and community context represents an important area in psychiatry, in terms of both research and clinical practice, which can potentially enhance long-term care and treatment planning for psychiatric patients. Future research is needed to better understand the influence of the neighborhood environment to help predict important clinical outcomes.