tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colon capsule versus CT colonography in patients with incomplete colonoscopy: a prospective, comparative trial
Authors: Cristiano Spada, Cesare Hassan, Brunella Barbaro, Franco Iafrate, Paola Cesaro, Lucio Petruzziello, Leonardo Minelli Grazioli, Carlo Senore, Gabriella Brizi, Isabella Costamagna, Giuseppe Alvaro, Marcella Iannitti, Marco Salsano, Maria Ciolina, Andrea Laghi, Lorenzo Bonomo, Guido Costamagna
Journal: Gut (2014)

In case of incomplete colonoscopy, several radiologic methods have traditionally been used, but more recently, capsule endoscopy was also shown to be accurate. Aim of this study was to compare colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and CT colonography (CTC) in a prospective cohort of patients with incomplete colonoscopy.Consecutive patients with a previous incomplete colonoscopy underwent CCE and CTC followed by colonoscopy in case of positive findings on either test (polyps/mass lesions ≥6 mm). Clinical follow-up was performed in the other cases to rule out missed cancer. CTC was performed after colon capsule excretion or 10-12 h postingestion. Since the gold standard colonoscopy was performed only in positive cases, diagnostic yield and positive predictive values of CCE and CTC were used as study end-points.100 patients were enrolled. CCE and CTC were able to achieve complete colonic evaluation in 98% of cases. In a per-patient analysis for polyps ≥6 mm, CCE detected 24 patients (24.5%) and CTC 12 patients (12.2%). The relative sensitivity of CCE compared to CTC was 2.0 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.98), indicating a significant increase in sensitivity for lesions ≥6 mm. Of larger polyps (≥10 mm), these values were 5.1% for CCE and 3.1% for CTC (relative sensitivity: 1.67 (95% CI 0.69 to 4.00)). Positive predictive values for polyps ≥6 mm and ≥10 mm were 96% and 85.7%, and 83.3% and 100% for CCE and CTC, respectively. No missed cancer occurred at clinical follow-up of a mean of 20 months.CCE and CTC were of comparable efficacy in completing colon evaluation after incomplete colonoscopy; the overall diagnostic yield of colon capsule was superior to CTC.NCT01525940.
Migration and tuberculosis in the UK: targeting screening for latent infection to those at greatest risk of disease: Table 1
Authors: Michelle E Kruijshaar, Ibrahim Abubakar, Helen R Stagg, Debora Pedrazzoli, Marc Lipman
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Active tuberculosis (TB) in the UK predominantly affects the non-UK born, but is generally not manifest at the time of UK entry. Strategies to detect latent TB infection (LTBI) in this population are, therefore, important. To date, targeted screening has focused on TB risk estimates based on the incidence in the country of origin. Using TB incidence in the UK and migration data, we estimated the numbers needed to be tested and treated for LTBI to prevent one case of TB disease. Numbers were the lowest in Somalian and the highest in South African and Filipino migrants, which contrasts with TB rates in these countries. Targeting screening on the basis of incidence in the UK may thus improve effectiveness.
Past and Current Dermatological Status of Yusho Patients
Authors: Harukuni Urabe, Masakazu Asahi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Skin symptoms of yusho and their subsequent change were described. In the early stage, skin eruptions were the most prominent features of yusho. Acneform eruptions and pigmentation were most conspicuous. With the passage of time, these symptoms have improved considerably and most patients have very slight eruptions now, except for the severely intoxicated group. In the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in the blood, the severely intoxicated group with intense skin symptoms showed pattern A--a typical yusho-specific pattern. The blood PCB patterns of each patient were stable, with no alteration after many years; on the other hand, the blood PCB concentrations have diminished year by year.
Effects of cisapride on gastric emptying of oil and aqueous meal components, hunger, and fullness.
Authors: K L Jones, M Horowitz, B I Carney, W M Sun, B E Chatterton
Journal: Gut (1996)

To evaluate the effects of cisapride on gastric emptying of extracellular fat and hunger and fullness 10 volunteers consumed a meal consisting of 60 ml technectium-99m (99mTc)-V-thiocyanate labelled olive oil and 290 ml indium-113m (113mIn) labelled soup after taking cisapride (10 mg four times daily orally) and placebo, each for four days, in randomised, double blind fashion. Gastric emptying was quantified scintigraphically. Hunger and fullness before and after the meal were evaluated using visual analogue scales. Cisapride accelerated gastric emptying of oil and aqueous components by reducing the lag phase mean (SEM) (20.3 (7.0) min v 40.7 (4.1) min (p &lt; 0.05) for oil and 4.1 (2.5) min v 10.0 (3.1) min (p &lt; 0.05) for aqueous). Cisapride had no effect on the post-lag emptying rate of oil. Treatment with cisapride was associated with reduced retention of oil in the proximal stomach (p &lt; 0.05). Subjects were more hungry before ingestion of the meal while receiving cisapride (6.7 (0.9) v 3.9 (0.7), p &lt; 0.001). The scores for hunger at 120 and 180 minutes were inversely related to gastric emptying of oil on both cisapride (r &gt; -0.62, p &lt; 0.05) and placebo (r &gt; -0.86, p &lt; 0.001). Fullness increased after the meal while receiving placebo (p &lt; 0.01), but not cisapride and postprandial fullness was less with cisapride at (30 min; 0.4 (0.3) v 3.3 (1.0), p &lt; 0.05). With placebo, but not cisapride, the score for fullness at 15 minutes was inversely related to emptying of the aqueous phase (r = 0.68, p &lt; 0.05). These results show that in normal volunteers after ingestion of an oil/aqueous meal: (a) postprandial hunger is inversely related to gastric emptying of oil, while fullness is inversely related to gastric emptying of the aqueous phase, (b) cisapride affects the intragastric distribution and accelerates gastric emptying of both oil and aqueous meal components, and (c) cisapride increases preprandial hunger and reduces postprandial fullness.
Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Renal PAH Extraction Ratio, and the Role of the Renal Vasomotor Nerves in the Unanesthetized Rabbit
Authors: PAUL I. Pascoe, Yvonne KORNER
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The unanesthetized rabbit has been found to be a satisfactory animal for studying the renal circulation. Techniques for measuring renal clearances and cardiac output, for carrying out renal vein catheterization, and for measuring renal clearances separately for each kidney are described. Normal values are presented from data obtained from 86 rabbits. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were found to be stable, judged by the reproducibility of these measurements over a period of three hours. Renal PAH extraction ratios averaged 95.5% in 16 unanesthetized animals. In 12 animals renal blood flow was 6% higher in one chronically denervated kidney than in the contralateral innervated kidney, indicating a low degree of sympathetic vasoconstriction in the normal resting circulation of the rabbit. All the results were obtained in the rabbit in the course of moderate water and mannitol diuresis.
A live-attenuated chlamydial vaccine protects against trachoma in nonhuman primates
Authors: Laszlo Kari, William M. Whitmire, Norma Olivares-Zavaleta, Morgan M. Goheen, Lacey D. Taylor, John H. Carlson, Gail L. Sturdevant, Chunxue Lu, Lauren E. Bakios, Linnell B. Randall, Michael J. Parnell, Guangming Zhong, Harlan D. Caldwell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Blinding trachoma is an ancient neglected tropical disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis for which a vaccine is needed. We describe a live-attenuated vaccine that is safe and efficacious in preventing trachoma in nonhuman primates, a model with excellent predictive value for humans. Cynomolgus macaques infected ocularly with a trachoma strain deficient for the 7.5-kb conserved plasmid presented with short-lived infections that resolved spontaneously without ocular pathology. Multiple infections with the attenuated plasmid-deficient strain produced no inflammatory ocular pathology but induced an anti-chlamydial immune response. Macaques vaccinated with the attenuated strain were either solidly or partially protected after challenge with virulent plasmid-bearing organisms. Partially protected macaques shed markedly less infectious organisms than controls. Immune correlates of protective immunity were not identified, but we did detect a correlation between MHC class II alleles and solid versus partial protection. Epidemiological models of trachoma control indicate that a vaccine with this degree of efficacy would significantly reduce the prevalence of infection and rates of reinfection, known risk factors which drive blinding disease.
Getting at the Root of the Mountain Pine Beetle's Rapid Habitat Expansion and Forest Devastation
Authors: J. Caspermeyer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

The mountain pine beetle has wreaked havoc in North America, across forests from the American Southwest to British Columbia and Alberta, with the potential to spread all the way to the Atlantic coast. Millions of acres of forest have been lost, with severe economic and ecological impacts from a beetle outbreak ten times larger than previous outbreaks. Because of its importance and impact on forestry, the mountain pine beetle’s genome has been recently sequenced. Using this new resource, authors Janes et al. (2014) examined how the pine beetle could undergo such rapid habitat range expansion and whether population genetics and the cataloguing of genome wide mutations could shed any light on possible molecular causes of the outbreak. From beetles collected at 27 sites in Alberta and British Columbia, they looked for any patterns among their catalog of 1,536 mutations (single-nucleotide polymorphisms). They found several candidate genetic markers and conclude that the mountain pine beetle may have been able to spread by adjusting its cellular and metabolic functions to better withstand cooler climates and facilitate a larger geographic dispersal area. Such information could give important new clues for the forestry industry to help curb the current devastation of North American forests from this pest.
Autocrine Motility Factor Signaling Enhances Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Soichi Tsutsumi, Takashi Yanagawa, Tatsuo Shimura, Hiroyuki Kuwano, Avraham Raz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Autocrine motility factor (AMF)/phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that plays a key role in glycolysis. AMF/PGI is also a multifunctional protein that acts in the extracellular milieu as a potent mitogen/cytokine. Increased expression of AMF/PGI and its receptor has been found in a wide spectrum of malignancies and is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies indicated that AMF is induced by hypoxia and enhances the random motility of pancreatic cancer cells. In the present study, the role and regulation of AMF in the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells were determined. Experimental Design: In this study, we assessed whether overexpression of AMF in human pancreatic cancer cells enhances the liver metastasis using an orthotopic mouse tumor model. We also investigated the intracellular signal transduction pathways of AMF in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Results: Overexpression of AMF stimulated in vitro invasion of MIA PaCa-2 cells. In vivo, after orthotopic implantation into the pancreas of nude mice, parental and empty vector-transfected MIA PaCa-2 cells produced locally relatively small tumors with no evidence of liver metastasis, whereas AMF-transfected MIA PaCa-2 cells produced the large tumors and liver metastases. In addition, over-expression of AMF leads to down-regulation of E-cadherin expression associated with the up-regulation of the zinc-finger transcription factor SNAIL expression. Conclusions: The data submitted here show that AMF expression significantly contributes to the aggressive phenotype of human pancreatic cancer and thus may provide a novel prognostic and therapeutic target.
Myelomastocytic Leukemia: Evidence for the Origin of Mast Cells from the Leukemic Clone and Eradication by Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Wolfgang R. Sperr, Johannes Drach, Alexander W. Hauswirth, Jutta Ackermann, Margit Mitterbauer, Gerlinde Mitterbauer, Manuela Foedinger, Christa Fonatsch, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Peter Kalhs, Peter Valent
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Myelomastocytic leukemia is a term used for patients with advanced myeloid neoplasms, in whom elevated numbers of immature atypical mast cells are found, but criteria for a primary mast cell disease are not met. The origin of mast cells in these patients is presently unknown. Patient and Methods: We have analyzed clonality of mast cells in an 18-year-old patient suffering from acute myeloid leukemia with a complex karyotype including a t(8;21) and mastocytic transformation with a huge increase in immature mast cells and elevated serum tryptase level, but no evidence for a primary mast cell disease/mastocytosis. Results: As assessed by in situ fluorescence hybridization combined with tryptase staining, both the tryptase-negative blast cells and the tryptase-positive mast cells were found to contain the t(8;21)-specific AML1/ETO fusion gene. Myeloablative stem cell transplantation resulted in complete remission with consecutive disappearance of AML1/ETO transcripts, decrease of serum tryptase to normal range, and disappearance of neoplastic mast cells. Conclusion: These data suggest that mast cells directly derive from the leukemic clone in patients with myelomastocytic leukemia.
P2-Purinergic Receptors: Subtype-Associated Signaling Responses and Structure
Authors: T K Harden, J L Boyer, R A Nicholas
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1995)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Supplementing Clinic-Based Skills Training With Manual-Based Community Support Sessions: Effects on Social Adjustment of Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Shirley M. Glynn, Stephen R. Marder, Robert P. Liberman, Karen Blair, William C. Wirshing, Donna A. Wirshing, Doreen Ross, Jim Mintz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Although skills training is a validated psychosocial treatment for schizophrenia, generalization of the skills to everyday life has not been optimal. This study evaluated a behaviorally oriented method of augmenting clinic-based skills training in the community with the aim of improving opportunities, encouragement, and reinforcement for outpatients to use their skills in their natural environment.Sixty-three individuals with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 60 weeks of clinic-based skills training alone or of clinic-based skills training supplemented with manual-based generalization sessions in the community. Patients were also randomly assigned to receive either haloperidol or risperidone. Therapists' fidelity to the manuals was measured. Patients' acquisition of the skills from pre- to posttraining was evaluated. The primary outcome measures were the Social Adjustment Scale-II and the Quality of Life Scale.Seventy-one percent of the patients completed the trial. Only six participants experienced psychotic exacerbations during the trial. There was no evidence of a differential medication effect on social functioning. Social functioning improved modestly in both psychosocial conditions over time; participants who received augmented skills training in the community showed significantly greater and/or quicker improvements.Given judicious and effective antipsychotic medication that limited exacerbations to less than 10% during the trial, a wide range of outpatients with schizophrenia demonstrated substantial learning of illness management and social skills in the clinic. When clinic-based skills training was augmented by in vivo training and consultation, transfer of the skills to everyday life was enhanced. These benefits were established regardless of the medications prescribed.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene diversity in eubacteria and eukaryotes: evidence for intra- and inter-kingdom gene transfer
Authors: R. M. Figge, M. Schubert, H. Brinkmann, R. Cerff
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Cyanobacteria contain up to three highly divergent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes: gap1, gap2, and gap3. Genes gap1 and gap2 are closely related at the sequence level to the nuclear genes encoding cytosolic and chloroplast GAPDH of higher plants and have recently been shown to play distinct key roles in catabolic and anabolic carbon flow, respectively, of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. In the present study, sequences of 10 GAPDH genes distributed across the cyanobacteria Prochloron didemni, Gloeobacter violaceus PCC7421, and Synechococcus PCC7942 and the alpha-proteobacterium Paracoccus denitrificans and the beta-proteobacterium Ralstonia solanacearum were determined. Prochloron didemni possesses homologs to the gap2 and gap3 genes from Anabaena, Gloeobacter harbors gap1 and gap2 homologs, and Synechococcus possesses gap1, gap2, and gap3. Paracoccus harbors two highly divergent gap genes that are related to gap3, and Ralstonia possesses a homolog of the gap1 gene. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences in the context of other eubacterial and eukaryotic GAPDH genes reveal that divergence across eubacterial gap1, and gap2, and gap3 genes is greater than that between eubacterial gap1 and eukaroytic glycolytic GapC or between eubacterial gap2 and eukaryotic Calvin cycle GapAB. These data strongly support previous analyses which suggested that eukaryotes acquired their nuclear genes for GapC and GapAB via endosymbiotic gene transfer from the antecedents of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and extend the known range of sequence diversity of the antecedent eubacterial genes. Analyses of available GAPDH sequences from other eubacterial sources indicate that the glycosomal gap gene from trypanosomes (cytosolic in Euglena) and the gap gene from the spirochete Treponema pallidum are each other's closest relatives. This specific relationship can therefore not reflect organismal evolution but must be the result of an interkingdom gene transfer, the direction of which cannot be determined with certainty at present. Contrary to this, the origin of the cytosolic Gap gene from trypanosomes can now be clearly defined as gamma-proteobacterial, since the newly established Ralstonia sequence (beta-proteobacteria) branches basally to the gamma-proteobacterial/trypanosomal assemblage.
Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Reveals a Homogeneous Phenotype Related to Memory B Cells
Authors: Ulf Klein, Yuhai Tu, Gustavo A. Stolovitzky, Michela Mattioli, Giorgio Cattoretti, Hervé Husson, Arnold Freedman, Giorgio Inghirami, Lilla Cro, Luca Baldini, Antonino Neri, Andrea Califano, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

B cell-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) represents a common malignancy whose cell derivation and pathogenesis are unknown. Recent studies have shown that >50% of CLLs display hypermutated immunoglobulin variable region (IgV) sequences and a more favorable prognosis, suggesting that they may represent a distinct subset of CLLs which have transited through germinal centers (GCs), the physiologic site of IgV hypermutation. To further investigate the phenotype of CLLs, their cellular derivation and their relationship to normal B cells, we have analyzed their gene expression profiles using oligonucleotide-based DNA chip microarrays representative of approximately 12,000 genes. The results show that CLLs display a common and characteristic gene expression profile that is largely independent of their IgV genotype. Nevertheless, a restricted number of genes (<30) have been identified whose differential expression can distinguish IgV mutated versus unmutated cases and identify them in independent panels of cases. Comparison of CLL profiles with those of purified normal B cell subpopulations indicates that the common CLL profile is more related to memory B cells than to those derived from naive B cells, CD5(+) B cells, and GC centroblasts and centrocytes. Finally, this analysis has identified a subset of genes specifically expressed by CLL cells of potential pathogenetic and clinical relevance.
1-Alphahydroxycholecalciferol in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: M. W. J. DAVIE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Four patients with advanced chronic renal failure and osteodystrophy were treated with 1-alphahydroxycholecalciferol, a synthetic vitamin D analogue, in a daily oral dose of 1.5 to 2.0 µg, for periods up to 1 year. They showed increased calcium absorption, positive calcium and phosphorus balances, moderate increases in serum calcium levels, marked reductions in serum alkaline phosphatase levels, a decrease in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels, and radiologic and histologic improvement in bone disease. One patient with proximal myopathy showed improvement in muscular strength. 1-Alphahydroxycholecalciferol appears to be effective therapy for renal osteodystrophy.
Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis
Authors: S M Feinstone, R H Purcell
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1978)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Genotypic Diversity of Complement Component C4 Does Not Predict Kidney Transplant Outcome
Authors: Markus Wahrmann, Bernd Döhler, Andrea Ruhenstroth, Helmuth Haslacher, Thomas Perkmann, Markus Exner, Andrew J. Rees, Georg A. Böhmig
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Gene copy number of complement component C4, which varies among individuals, may determine the intrinsic strength of the classical complement pathway. Presuming a major role of complement as an effector in transplant rejection, we hypothesized that C4 genetic diversity may partially explain the variation in allograft outcomes. This retrospective study included 1969 deceased-donor kidney transplants randomly selected from the Collaborative Transplant Study DNA bank. We determined recipient and donor gene copy number of total C4, C4 isotypes (C4A and C4B), and C4 gene length variants (C4L and C4S) by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Groups defined according to recipient C4 gene copy number (low, intermediate, and high) had similar 10-year allograft survival. Genotypic groups showed comparable rates of graft dysfunction, treatment for rejection, immunological graft loss, hospitalization for infection, malignant disease, and death. Similarly, separate analyses of C4A, C4B, C4L, and C4S; combined evaluation of donor and recipient C4 genotype; or analysis of recipients with higher risk for rejection did not reveal considerable outcome effects. In conclusion, we did not demonstrate that C4 gene copy number associates with transplant outcome, and we found no evidence that the resulting variation in the strength of classical complement activation influences susceptibility to rejection.