tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Premenstrual Syndrome: A Clinician's Guide
Authors: Leslie Hartley Gise
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Although some clinicians still doubt the existence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), it is regarded as a legitimate medical condition. Furthermore, all practicing physicians, whatever the specialty, should know about the premenstrual syndromes, which can present with over 150 different symptoms that pertain to every specialty in medicine. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of a PMS is complicated. First, it is made differently from the way we are used to making most of our diagnoses in clinical medicine. Second, there is a spectrum from normal premenstrual changes to a full-blown premenstrual disorder that interferes with functioning, so distinguishing the different types of syndromes may be difficult. Third, without knowing it, women frequently either exaggerate or underestimate their symptoms. First, most diagnoses in clinical medicine are made retrospectively, that is, on the basis of a history, physical examination, and relevant laboratory tests. The diagnosis of a PMS, however, is not made on the basis
Radioimmunoassay of Parathyroid Hormone in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Studies after Removal of Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: R. M. Buckle
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Parathyroid hormone has been measured by radioimmunoassay in eight patients with hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma. Secretion of hormone by the adenomatas was demonstrated direct by estimating the arteriovenous gradient of parathyroid hormone across the tumours. Serial estimations following surgical removal of the adenoma showed a rapid fall in the concentration of circulating parathyroid hormone. The calculated half-life of endogenously secreted parathyroid hormone in man varied from 11·4 to 28·8 min., with a mean of 19·8 min.
Inability to correctly identify year or month was accurate for detecting cognitive impairment in older patients
Authors: Rosanne M. Leipzig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation O’Keeffe E, Mukhtar O, O’Keeffe ST. Orientation to time as a guide to the presence and severity of cognitive impairment in older hospital patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82:500-4. 20852313
Surgery for Metastases to the Brain
Authors: Jerome B. Posner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Cancer is a lethal disease because it metastasizes. Modern surgery and radiotherapy can control most primary tumors, but those that escape their local confines and spread to cause detectable visceral metastases are almost invariably fatal. As a result, there has been considerable interest recently in the surgical treatment of metastatic cancer, particularly pulmonary, hepatic, and brain metastases.1 A surgical approach to metastases might seem illogical, since once tumor cells have entered the bloodstream they have the capacity to spread to and lodge and grow in multiple organs or a single organ at multiple sites; in most patients this does indeed . . .
Claudins and barrier dysfunction in intestinal inflammation: cause or consequence?
Authors: Alastair J M Watson
Journal: Gut (2015)

The intestinal epithelium forms a barrier between the body and the external environment facilitating the selective uptake of water, ions and nutrients while excluding bacteria, antigens and toxins. This raises the question whether breaches in this barrier can be a primary cause of intestinal inflammation or whether barrier loss is merely the inevitable consequence of inflammation causing epithelial damage, without barrier loss itself playing a pathogenic role. This question has puzzled investigators for decades and is of some importance, as the answer will determine whether restoring barrier loss is a plausible target for future therapy. Doubts about barrier loss playing an important causal role in inflammation have been fuelled by observations that some healthy individuals have an impaired barrier as measured by sugar absorption studies and in some circumstances barrier loss may actually be protective against intestinal inflammation.1 ,2

The intestinal barrier comprises a physical barrier provided by epithelial cells and the overlying mucus and a chemical barrier of antibacterial peptides secreted by Paneth cells. The main physical barriers are the epithelial cells and the intercellular spaces between them. The absorption of substances between epithelial cells is termed paracellular transport. The rate-limiting structure for paracellular transport is the tight junction; a complex branching network of proteins bringing the cell membranes of neighbouring cells almost together near the luminal surface of the epithelial …
Rheumatic fever and the HLA complex. A cosegregation study.
Authors: M Gerbase-DeLima, L C Scala, J Temin, D V Santos, P A Otto
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Considering the controversial results published in the literature concerning associations between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and rheumatic fever (RF), the purpose of the present study was to investigate by means of cosegregation analysis the participation of HLA genes in susceptibility to RF. METHODS AND RESULTS The sample reported here was composed of 51 affected and 66 healthy individuals belonging to 22 genetically informative families. The comparison (chi 2 goodness-of-fit test) of the observed numbers of identical-by-descent (IBD) HLA haplotypes among all affected individuals (siblings, cousins, and uncle/nephew and grandparent/grandchild type of pairs) with the expected ones under the assumption of independent segregation of HLA alleles and the presumptive RF susceptibility gene gave a value of P = .088. Since the number of subjects studied was relatively small and the rejection level obtained was near the usual .05 significance level, we calculated the expected HLA IBD scores in the 13 pairs of affected sibs of our sample for all possible frequencies of the presumptive RF susceptibility gene. This analysis allowed clear rejection of a recessive mode, considering susceptibility gene frequencies lower than 20%, whereas the observed values fitted very well a dominant mode of inheritance, with penetrance (K) values varying between 0.5 and 0.9 and a frequency of the susceptibility gene of at least 1%. CONCLUSIONS The present data support the hypothesis of an RF susceptibility gene within or very near the HLA complex.
Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine, 5th Edition
Authors: Syed A. Hoda, Rana S. Hoda
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sarcopaenia is associated with NAFLD independently of obesity and insulin resistance: Nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008–2011)
Authors: Yong-ho Lee, Kyu Sik Jung, Seung Up Kim, Hye-jin Yoon, Yu Jung Yun, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Kwang-Hyub Han, Hyun Chul Lee, Bong-Soo Cha
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Severe congenital neutropenia resulting from G6PC3 deficiency with increased neutrophil CXCR4 expression and myelokathexis
Authors: David H. McDermott, Suk See De Ravin, Hyun Sik Jun, Qian Liu, Debra A. Long Priel, Pierre Noel, Clifford M. Takemoto, Teresa Ojode, Scott M. Paul, Kimberly P. Dunsmore, Dianne Hilligoss, Martha Marquesen, Jean Ulrick, Douglas B. Kuhns, Janice Y. Chou, Harry L. Malech, Philip M. Murphy
Journal: Blood (2010)
Calculation of Number Needed to Treat
Authors: Samy Suissa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: The number of patients who would need to be treated to prevent a given adverse outcome in one patient, called the number needed to treat, is often used in randomized trials and observational studies to provide a simple measure of the effect of a treatment. The computation of the number needed to treat can, however, be inaccurate and its interpretation misleading in trials with varying follow-up times. In this case, the cumulative incidence of an outcome cannot simply be calculated as a proportion of subjects but must instead be estimated over time by means of the Kaplan–Meier . . .
Fungal Infection in the Compromised Patient
Authors: Richard D. Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The statements on the book jacket of this multiauthored collection of reviews are ambitious: "the first eclectic account of the clinical, mycological and immunological aspects of fungal infections in compromised hosts... essential reading for medical microbiologists, haematologists, clinical oncologists, paediatric oncologists, infectious diseases specialists and transplant surgeons." The editors have written and organized a readable, informative, accurate, and reasonably up-to-date summary (with references through 1980) of a clinical area that is increasing in importance. Although other recent reviews have addressed infections in compromised hosts, a review specifically addressing mycoses has a definite value. Some concerns may be aroused by one major goal of the editors: "The contributors were asked to be dogmatic... in their choice of... methods of diagnosis and forms of treatment... (to be) more helpful to a non-specialist reader." However, most reservations can be dismissed after reading the high-quality reviews in this collection. Specific
Book Review The Clinical Care of the Aged Person: An Interdisciplinary Perspective Edited by David G. Satin, with Barbara A. Blakeney, Jennifer M. Bottomley, Margot C. Howe, and Helen D. Smith. 497 pp., illustrated. New York, Oxford University Press, 1994. $65. 0-19-505290-0
Authors: Muriel R. Gillick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Errors in Diagnosis of Intracranial Tumors
Authors: Robert L. McLaurin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The frequency and causes of diagnostic errors were studied in patients with intracranial tumors. Of 34 tumors found unexpectedly at necropsy, 12 were considered purely incidental, while 22 had caused neurologic disturbances and had been erroneously diagnosed during life. Confusion with cerebrovascular disease was most common, particularly in older patients. Glioblastoma multiforme and meningioma were the most frequent types of tumor in the series, and each presented illnesses simulating cerebrovascular thrombosis, carotid artery insufficiency, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In 17 cases, including 7 meningiomas, there was, in retrospect, sufficient clinical or laboratory evidence to cause considerable doubt regarding the clinical diagnosis. Most of the tumors would have been recognized if contrast intracranial studies had been performed.
Volume Status and Diuretic Therapy in Systolic Heart Failure and the Detection of Early Abnormalities in Renal and Tubular Function
Authors: Kevin Damman, Marie J. Ng Kam Chuen, Robert J. MacFadyen, Gregory Y.H. Lip, David Gaze, Paul O. Collinson, Hans L. Hillege, Wim van Oeveren, Adriaan A. Voors, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Indian doctor's decision to “self test” AIDS vaccine decried as unethical
Authors: Ganapati Murdur
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An Indian doctor has reported that he injected himself with a candidate HIV vaccine that he had developed but which had not been approved for human use.

Dr Pradeep Seth, head of microbiology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, said that he took the vaccine—after results in mice and monkeys were encouraging—only to see how the human body would react to it.

“The test has generated data, and, even if it did nothing else, it has boosted my own confidence in the vaccine,” said Dr Seth. The DNA vaccine, supported …
Atheroembolic Renal Disease
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A CLINICAL picture of either acute or chronic renal failure may occur when atheromatous material, dislodged from a severely atherosclerotic aorta, obstructs small renal arteries. Only a small number of patients with atheroembolic renal disease and renal failure have been described, but it is reasonable to expect that the disorder will be met with greater frequency in the future. This view is based on the observations that an increasing number of elderly patients with severe atherosclerosis of the aorta enlarge the population at risk, and that procedures known to induce atheroembolism, such as surgery on the abdominal aorta and abdominal . . .
A Case of Polyradiculoneuritis
Authors: A. Glen
Journal: BMJ (1942)

crowned " during pains.The pains were now very strong, and came on in rapid succession.-The foetal heart could be auscultated only with difficulty, but was evidently becoming slower.At this stage the perineum was infiltrated with local anaesthetic and an episiotomy was performed.No further advance resulting from this, Wrigley's short forceps were slipped on and the head delivered (in the occipito-anterior position).The head did not, however, come down fully, and the chin was freed with difficulty.The appearance was as if something were pulling the head back again into the vagina.There was no sign of respiration.By employing head-traction and pressure on the fundus the arms were eventually and with great difficulty delivered.The trunk had not advanced during this manceuvre, and, the head and shoulders being born, it was clear that some uncommon cause of obstruction must be present.The uterine contractions by this time were becoming dangerously tetanic, so that a speedy delivery was imperative.General anaesthesia having been started, a hand was passed into the vagina to determine the cause of the obstruction.Foetal limbs were felt in the region of the pelvic brim, tightly
Abuse of Medical Students-Reply
Authors: Jerald Kay
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The above letters represent a broad spectrum of reactions to the studies and editorial on medical student abuse, ranging from a condemnation of faculty to a plea for accepting the inevitability of student mistreatment. Dr Straw seems to be judging all faculty somewhat unfairly on the basis of his experiences with a few. However, he raises an important point regarding what motivates a physician to enter academia. In addition to pursuing excellence in research, faculty serve as prominent models for the physician-patient relationship. Students learn how to relate to and treat their patients from observing their teachers. Dr Straw may be correct in charging that some faculty underestimate this critical function and undervalue their importance to their students. Ms Matkovich may be attributing too much of medical student abuse to the house officer's work schedule. In this respect, it will be interesting to follow the impact on
Sorting signals and cellular membranes.
Authors: G Warren
Journal: BMJ (1987)

a variety ofmodifications before appearing on the cell surface. Here the receptor protein binds circulating low density lipoprotein, a cholesterol carrier, and the two are internalised by surface invaginations called coated pits. These pinch off to form coated vesicles, and uncoating is followed by fusion with endosomes. Low density lipoprotein is parted from the receptor, delivered to lysosomes, and degraded; the cholesterol so released passes to the endoplasmic reticulum, where membrane synthesis takes place. The receptor is recycled from the endosomes back to the cell surface, where it participates in roughly a hundred more rounds of internalisation. It too is then degraded in lysosomes.
Abstract 2156: Targeting polo-like kinase 1 with novel inhibitors of the polo-box domain.
Authors: Merissa Baxter, Sandra Craig, Campbell McInnes, Michael D. Wyatt
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is a central player in cell cycle regulation and mitotic progression. Observations that PLK1 is over-expressed in many cancer types have led to efforts to target this protein therapeutically. Several ATP-binding site inhibitors of PLK1 have advanced to clinical trials, but these compounds inhibit at least three of the four known mammalian PLKs to varying degrees. This is problematic because, for example, PLK3 acts as a tumor suppressor and has opposing functions to PLK1. Moreover, a recent study identified a single point mutation near the ATP binding site that renders PLK1 resistant to several structurally unrelated ATP-based inhibitors, while retaining kinase activity. The Polo-box domain (PBD) of each PLK is a phospho-peptide binding motif that determines substrate recognition and subcellular localization. Our approach is to target the PBD of PLK1 to achieve desired PLK1 selectivity and improve efficacy. We recently reported a structure-activity relationship for a series of fragment-ligated inhibitory peptides (FLIPs) designed to be selective for the PBD of PLK1 (Mol. Cancer Ther., 2012, 11, 1683-1692). Our most potent compound in that class possessed a binding affinity to the PLK1 PBD (IC50 value of 8.6 μM), and insignificant levels of PLK3 binding up to 600 μM, which represents at least a 100-fold selectivity. The compound was able to induce cellular phenotypes consistent with a PLK1 knockdown, including aberrant mitoses and induction of apoptosis. Here, we report the development of new FLIP analogues with improved potency in binding to the PLK1 PBD. Specifically, we have designed, synthesized, and tested new benzoic acid capping groups to exploit a hydrophobic cleft in the PBD binding site. This newer generation of compounds possess binding affinities to the PLK1 PBD with IC50 values below 1 μM. Studies are in progress to determine PLK1 selectivity and activity in cells. Future studies will explore the ability of PBD-targeted compounds to circumvent resistance to ATP-based compounds. Citation Format: Merissa Baxter, Sandra Craig, Campbell McInnes, Michael D. Wyatt. Targeting polo-like kinase 1 with novel inhibitors of the polo-box domain. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2156. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2156
Cross‐sensitivity among oxicams in piroxicam‐caused fixed drug eruption: two case reports
Authors: E. Ordoqui, M. De Barrio, V. M. Rodríguez, T. Herrero, P. J. Gil, M. L. Baeza
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) caused by oxicams is very rare. There are few reports of FDE induced by piroxicam, and this explains why cross-sensitivity among oxicams (piroxicam, tenoxicam, and droxicam) has been studied in only one patient. The patch test on residual lesions has lately been used by some authors in FDE diagnosis with variable results. We describe two cases of piroxicam-caused FDE and demonstrate cross-sensitivity among piroxicam, tenoxicam, and droxicam in both of them. One patient had residual lesions and the patch test was useful for diagnosis and cross-sensitization studies. The second patient had no residual lesions, and the patch test was negative on normal but previously affected skin; therefore, the study was performed by single-blind controlled oral challenge.
Breathing Training in Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: Alvan L. Barach
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the paper by R. V. Ebert and J. A. Pierce, "Therapy in Chronic Bronchitis and Pulmonary Emphysema" (<i>JAMA</i><b>184</b>:490 [May 11] 1963), this statement appears: "Some physicians achieve considerable improvement in the patient's symptoms by the use of breathing exercises, but whether or not the favorable effect is entirely psychogenic is unclear." Therapeutic efforts to overcome the disorganized breathing pattern of these breathless subjects occupies an extensive literature. I shall refer briefly to several recent reports. In 1954 I mentioned that significant rehabilitation of several hundred patients with pulmonary emphysema was induced by a breathing training program; the additional use of graded exercise during the inhalation of oxygen-enriched atmospheres was described as a method of increasing the capacity for exercise in patients handicapped by excessive inactivity.<sup>1</sup>An editorial inThe Journalcalled attention to the latter development in 1961.<sup>2</sup> I would like to
Calcium Supplementation during Breast-Feeding
Authors: Ann Prentice
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Nursing mothers provide an average of 200 to 250 mg of calcium per day to their infants, and as much as 400 mg per day.1 Given that women absorb only about a third of the calcium they consume, the amount lost in breast milk represents a substantial proportion of the daily supply for many women and forms the basis for recommending that nursing mothers increase their calcium intake by 400 to 800 mg per day.2 There is widespread concern that women who do not increase their calcium intake could both jeopardize their own bone health by inducing the mobilization of . . .
Government unveils plans for NHS university
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The government has outlined its plans for a “university for the NHS,” a venture that it believes will make an important contribution to the development and modernisation of the NHS.

The development plan (“Learning for Everyone”) fleshes out the details of how the NHS University, first outlined in October last year ( BMJ 2001; 323:884), might work. It will be linked to the introduction of appraisal and personal development plans for staff …
A Simple Method To Increase the Diagnostic Efficiency of Gastroesophageal Scintigraphy Using the Knee–Chest Position
Authors: A. TAYYAR AKBUNAR, ERAY ALPER, SELIM G. NAK, NECMETTIN KONUK, BERRIN ERKAL, FEYZI TAMGAC
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose The influence of patient posture on the incidence and severity of gastroesophageal reflux is well known. Scintigraphic imaging, however, is routinely performed with the patient lying in the supine position, because current gamma camera designs do not allow for changes to the angle of the patient table. Methods To overcome this difficulty and to increase the diagnostic sensitivity of scintigraphy, we used an alternative patient position. Twenty-seven adult patients (eight men, 19 women; mean age, 47.5±11.5 years) with gastroesophageal reflux disease were prospectively studied consecutively using two body positions, the supine and the knee–chest positions. Each consisted of dynamic acquisition of 450 seconds. An entire study for each patient required only 15 minutes. Images were interpreted qualitatively by three observers. Results Although gastroesophageal reflux was positively identified in only 9 of 27 (33%) patients using the supine position, 20 of 27 (74%) patients were shown to have gastroesophageal reflux in the knee–chest position (P< 0.05). No reflux was detected in seven patients using both positions. In five patients, whose study results were positive using both positions, the number of reflux episodes was greater in the knee–chest position compared with the supine position. Conclusion The knee–chest position increases the diagnostic efficiency of gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy.