tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Superior T memory stem cell persistence supports long-lived T cell memory
Authors: Enrico Lugli, Maria H. Dominguez, Luca Gattinoni, Pratip K. Chattopadhyay, Diane L. Bolton, Kaimei Song, Nichole R. Klatt, Jason M. Brenchley, Monica Vaccari, Emma Gostick, David A. Price, Thomas A. Waldmann, Nicholas P. Restifo, Genoveffa Franchini, Mario Roederer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Long-lived memory T cells are able to persist in the host in the absence of antigen; however, the mechanism by which they are maintained is not well understood. Recently, a subset of human T cells, stem cell memory T cells (TSCM cells), was shown to be self-renewing and multipotent, thereby providing a potential reservoir for T cell memory throughout life. However, their in vivo dynamics and homeostasis still remain to be defined due to the lack of suitable animal models. We identified T cells with a TSCM phenotype and stem cell–like properties in nonhuman primates. These cells were the least-differentiated memory subset, were functionally distinct from conventional memory cells, and served as precursors of central memory. Antigen-specific TSCM cells preferentially localized to LNs and were virtually absent from mucosal surfaces. They were generated in the acute phase of viral infection, preferentially survived in comparison with all other memory cells following elimination of antigen, and stably persisted for the long term. Thus, one mechanism for maintenance of long-term T cell memory derives from the unique homeostatic properties of TSCM cells. Vaccination strategies designed to elicit durable cellular immunity should target the generation of TSCM cells.
Low Birth Weight Across Generations
Authors: Mark A. Klebanoff
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The relationship between maternal birth weight and infant birth weight was studied in the Buffalo cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (n = 1,348). Regression techniques were used to control for confounders. Compared with infants of mothers who had weighed 8 lb or more at birth, infants of mothers who had weighed 6 to 7.9 lb, 4 to 5.9 lb, and less than 4 lb at birth were 99 g, 244 g, and 170 g lighter, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios of giving birth to an infant of birth weight less than 2,500 g, with mothers of birth weight 8 lb or more as the reference group, were 3.46 and 1.66 for mothers of birth weight 4 to 5.9 lb and 6 to 7.9 lb, respectively. There were no infants less than 2,500 g among the 24 women who had weighed less than 4 lb at birth. These data suggest a possible role of genetic and familial factors in determining birth weight.
Long-acting synthetic corticotrophin in dermatology.
Authors: J. Verbov
Journal: BMJ (1968)

effects, as Beaconsfield and his colleagues' maintain, surely the kind of evaluation of them which is required is different from that which we read about ?What is the type of testing for drugs taken in the long term that they have mentioned ?3 Has it been spelt out anywhere and I have missed it ?If new testing is required, whose responsibility is it to see that it is done ?And in which way can this help to improve the present pill ?I am, etc.,
Peripheral pooling of bronchographic contrast material: evidence of its relationship to smoking and emphysema.
Authors: A W Musk, B Gandevia, F J Palmer
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Sixty-six subjects, mainly derived from various occupational groups and one-third of whom admitted to dyspnoea on exertion, have been grouped according to the appearance of their peripheral airways at bronchography with oily propyliodone. Eleven subjects showed marked peripheral pooling of radiographic contrast material, 22 showed mild or moderate pooling, and in 33 peripheral pools were absent. Pooling was not seen in non-smoking subjects. In the group of subjects without pooling, pulmonary function in non-smokers and subjects with a history of smoking was similar. Subjects with marked pooling had a significantly lower pulmonary diffusing capacity (transfer factor) and evidence of loss of pulmonary elastic recoil when compared with subjects with absent peripheral pooling. These results indicate that bronchographic peripheral pooling is associated with the physiological changes of panacinar pulmonary emphysema and suggest that a causal relationship may exist between the organic bronchiolar lesion of pooling and the peripheral parenchymal lesion of panacinar emphysema.
An amyloid lung
Authors: W. E. Zundel, A. P. Prior
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A 55-year-old housewife died from an illness characterized by progressive respiratory incapacity. Changes were confined to the lungs and consisted of a diffuse infiltration by amyloid. No adequate cause was found for this amyloid, and we suggest that this is a case of primary alveolar septal amyloidosis.
A STUDY OF RESULTS IN HOSPITAL TREATMENT OF ALCOHOLISM IN MALES
Authors: CURTIS T. PROUT, EDWARD I. STRONGIN, MARY ALICE WHITE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

1. A study has been made of 100 men suffering from chronic alcoholism, admitted consecutively to the New York Hospital, Westchester Division, between August, 1940, and January, 1948. 2. A review of statistical factors involving hereditary and environmental factors is presented. 3. Methods of hospital management and rehabilitation have been discussed. 4. A plan for more standardized psychological study has been designed. 5. Results of follow-up studies are reported, indicating that 25 may be regarded as recovered and 30 more are known to be managing better, indicating that 55% were definitely benefited.
Multiaxial Diagnosis and Psychotherapy Planning: On the Relevance of ICD-10, DSM-IV and Complementary Schemas
Authors: Juan E. Mezzich, Margit M. Schmolke
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

This paper reviews, first, the historical development of multiaxial diagnostic schemas, with particular attention to those designed for the World Health Organisation's Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV. To complement standardized or nomographic multiaxial schemas, several personalized, or idiographic formulations are outlined, i.e. cultural, biographic, psychodynamic, group dynamic, and one dealing with quality of life. Contributions of comprehensive diagnosis (multiaxial and idiographic formulations) to psychotherapy planning and psychotherapy research are then discussed. The potential contributions of the psychotherapy process to diagnostic verification and clarifications are considered as well. Finally, the need for empirical validation research on the outlined relationships as well as the potential value of exploring further the synergism of nomographic and idiographic approaches are elaborated.
Long-Term Study of Vascularized Free-Draining Intraperitoneal Pancreatic Segmental Allografts in Beagle Dogs
Authors: George K. Kyriakides, Alexander Rabinovitch, Daniel Mintz, Les Olson, Felix T. Rapaport, Joshua Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the significance of immunogenetic factors on the survival of pancreatic allografts in beagle dogs. Donors and recipients were leukocyte antigen (DLA)-typed and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-tested. Recipients were made diabetic by total pancreatectomy and immediately implanted intraperitoneally with a vascularized, free-draining (duct unligated) pancreatic segmental (FDPS) allograft. Two groups of dogs were studied. In group I consisting of donor-recipient littermates, recipients were immunosuppressed with prednisone and azathioprine (n = 16 dogs), or not immunosuppressed (n = 4). In group II, recipients were made specifically unresponsive by total body radiation, autologous marrow implantation, and kidney transplantation from DLA-MLC identical donors, 1 yr before FDPS transplantation from the corresponding original kidney donors. Survival of the FDPS grafts in group I was inversely related to pretransplant MLC reactivity, irrespective of DLA genotyped match between donor and recipient. Thus, immunosuppressed high MLC reactors (n = 8) rejected FDPS grafts between 7 and 14 d, whereas immunosuppressed low MLC reactors (n = 8) accepted grafts for 25 to 260+ days, and nonimmunosuppressed low MLC reactors (n = 4) accepted grafts for 9-55 d. Rejection (hyperglycemia) of FDPS grafts was sudden, permanent, and unpredictable despite weekly intravenous glucose tolerance tests with measurements of glucose disappearance rates and serum insulin responses. Nevertheless, serial in vitro cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML) assays revealed increases in CML before graft rejection in low MLC reactors, and decreases in both CML and MLC responses before graft rejection in high MLC reactors. FDPS graft survival was indefinite (>6 mo) in group II dogs, despite low-grade MLC reactivity (2:4 dogs) and CML responses (4:4 dogs). Biopsies of FDPS grafts at 6 mo in normoglycemic dogs showed disappearance of exocrine tissue and coalescence of islets in both groups I and II, but with less fibrosis in group I (immunosuppressed). These results indicate that (a) pancreatic islets in vascularized grafts (FDPS) may survive indefinitely in the presence of a good tissue match best predicted by MLC testing, (b) tissue specific histocompatibility factors appear to be common enough between kidney and pancreas to allow for long-term survival of both organs transplanted from the same donor, at least in appropriate recipients (group II), and (c) immunosuppression is associated with less fibrosis in FDPS allografts.
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression correlated to inflammation
Authors: S. LISBY, E. RALFKIAER, R. ROTHLEIN, G.L. VEJLSGAARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

The presence of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) on keratinocytes of psoriatic skin lesions before and during 8‐methoxapsoralen and UVA light (PUVA) treatment was studied. ICAM‐1 was expressed on the keratinocytes in biopsies of the skin lesions of five patients with psoriasis. The patients who responded to PUVA treatment had a concurrent reduction of ICAM‐1 expression on the keratinocytes with a reduction of the number of cells in the mononuclear cellular infiltrate and a lessening of the severity of the disease. Patients who went into remission during therapy and then relapsed showed an increase in ICAM‐1 expression on keratinocytes with an increase in the number of cells in the mononuclear cell infiltrate and an increase in the severity of the disease. HLA‐DR expression on keratinocytes was variable during treatment and showed no strong correlation with disease severity.
Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis Type I
Authors: Arthur L. Gelston
Journal: JAMA (1982)

MULTIPLE endocrine adenomatosis (MEA) is a multisystem familial disorder involving hypersecretion of polypeptide hormones by adenomatous or hyperplastic tissues. In well-documented cases, uniform involvement of the parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and pancreas has been found in type I disease.<sup>1</sup>Pancreatic involvement may be signaled by the presence of elevated levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in the serum of both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.<sup>2</sup>We describe a patient in whom MEA developed in the ninth decade with hypoglycemia and in whom PP levels were greatly elevated. A further unusual finding was the presence of generalized islet hyperplasia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 81-year-old woman was well until the onset of unsteadiness of gait one month before admission, when nausea, vomiting, and dizziness appeared. Nystagmus and truncal ataxia were noted on examination, and a diagnosis of probable brainstem infarct was made. The patient was admitted to the hospital for convalescence,
Popular marathons: forecasting casualties.
Authors: J P Nicholl, B T Williams
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Yersinia and chronic glomerulopathy in the savannah region of Nigeria Glomerular disease secondary to Yersinia enterocolitica infection is well recognised in some parts of the world.1 2 It has been suggested3 that the glomerulopathy from this infection might progress to chronic glomerulopathy.In this study, which formed part of an investigation into the pattern of glomerular disease in the savannah belt in Nigeria, we investigated the association between Y enterocolitica and chronic glomerular disease.
The Hospitals 1800-1948: A Study in Social Administration in England and Wales
Authors: Jeanne L. Brand
Journal: JAMA (1965)

On July 5, 1948, most of Britain's hospitals were nationalized— a step taken finally with the benediction of both the British Medical Association and hospital administrators. Behind the passage of the National Health Service Act lay over a century of community responsibility for providing some form of hospital care for the sick. In this detailed study, Dr. Brian Abel-Smith, reader in social administration at the London School of Economics and Political Science, traces the development of hospitals "for physical disease," against the broad social and economic background underlying the organization of medical care in England and Wales. In this volume the transitions from pauper to public hospitals, and the changes in social attitudes regarding the use of hospitals, are well charted by a recognized authority in the economics of medical care. Unlike the United States and many Western European countries, England did not develop pay hospitals until late in the
Spontaneous occurrence of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in untreated patients.
Authors: W K Clair, W E Wilkinson, E A McCarthy, R L Page, E L Pritchett
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Ambulatory outpatients (n = 150) with a history of paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmia were studied to establish the characteristics of the first recurrence of symptomatic tachycardia (time to first recurrence, heart rate during tachycardia, and observed rhythm that was regular versus irregular) when no antiarrhythmic drug was being taken. Baseline variables were examined to assess their impact on time to first recurrence: index arrhythmia (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation [n = 37] versus paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia [n = 113]), age (mean +/- SD, 43.3 +/- 16.1 years), female sex (n = 71), or presence of other heart or lung disease (n = 53). METHODS AND RESULTS Transtelephonic monitoring of the ECG was used to document the rhythm during recurrences of symptomatic tachycardia. Time to first recurrence of symptomatic tachycardia and heart rate during tachycardia were measured, the observed rhythm was classified as irregular (consistent with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) or regular (consistent with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia), and the hour of recurrence was recorded. Advancing age was significantly associated with a decreasing time to first recurrence (p &lt; 0.001); the estimated increase in the hazard function was 25% with each 10 years of advancing age. After the effect of age was adjusted for, neither the classification of arrhythmia (p &gt; 0.2), presence of other heart or lung disease (p &gt; 0.8), nor sex (p &gt; 0.9) was significantly associated with time to first recurrence. Among patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 6.5% had atrial fibrillation recorded at the next symptomatic arrhythmia; among patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 11.8% had a regular tachycardia recorded at the next symptomatic arrhythmia. There was a circadian pattern to the hour of occurrence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia but not paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS Age is more important than other clinical variables, including the ECG classification of a paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmia in predicting the occurrence of symptomatic arrhythmias. Arrhythmias documented by ECG during symptoms are often different from the arrhythmia documented at the time of referral, which may confound interpretation of antiarrhythmic drug effects.
Articular inflammation is controlled by myeloid cell-derived interleukin 1 receptor antagonist during the acute phase of arthritis in mice
Authors: Céline Lamacchia, Emiliana Rodriguez, Gaby Palmer, Solenne Vigne, Praxedis Martin, Dominique Talabot-Ayer, Christian A Seemayer, Cem Gabay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To define the cell type (myeloid vs other cells) specific effect of interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) deficiency on the acute inflammatory phase of arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Arthritis was induced by K/BxN serum transfer in wild-type (WT), IL-1Ra-deficient (IL-1Ra<sup>−/−</sup>) and conditional knockout mice. In the latter, IL-1Ra production was specifically targeted in myeloid cells (IL-1Ra<sup>ΔM</sup>) or in both hepatocytes and myeloid cells (IL-1Ra<sup>ΔH+M</sup>). Arthritis severity was clinically evaluated and ankle sections were scored for synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion. Quantitative RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses measured expression, localisation and cellular sources of the different IL-1Ra isoforms in arthritic joints. <h3>Results</h3> Total and myeloid cell-specific IL-1Ra deficiency was associated with increased arthritis severity, although disease incidence was similar to that of WT mice. Increased clinical scores were associated with exacerbated synovial inflammation. All IL-1Ra isoforms, except for intracellular (ic)IL-1Ra2, were expressed in arthritic joints of WT mice. In contrast, production of secreted (s)IL-1Ra and icIL-1Ra3 isoforms was markedly decreased in arthritic joints of both IL-1Ra<sup>ΔM</sup> and IL-1Ra<sup>ΔH+M</sup> mice. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses suggested that the icIL-1Ra1 isoform is produced primarily by synovial fibroblasts. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Myeloid cell-derived IL-1Ra, including both sIL-1Ra and icIL-1Ra3 isoforms, controls articular inflammation during the acute phase of K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis.
Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging
Authors: Andrea Cusumano, D. Jackson Coleman, Ronald H. Silverman, Dan Z. Reinstein, Mark J. Rondeau, Roxana Ursea, Suzanne M. Daly, Harriet O. Lloyd
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

The aim of this report is to describe the technology of three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasonic imaging and its impact on improved diagnosis and monitoring of ocular disease.The authors reviewed techniques for acquiring and displaying 3-D ultrasound data of the eye.The authors applied these techniques to representative individual cases, including a choroidal hemorrhage, a ciliary body melanoma, a ciliary body detachment, a displaced posterior chamber intraocular lens, and topographic analysis of a normal cornea.A computer-controlled motion system was used to perform very high-frequency (VHF) (50-MHz) and conventional (10-MHz) digital 3-D ultrasound data collection. The scanning system allowed digitization of ultrasound data from a series of parallel planes. The 3-D data could be manipulated interactively to obtain two-dimensional images in any plane through the scan volume. The 3-D images were constructed by volume rendering and could be positioned for viewing from a variety of perspectives. The 3-D ultrasound parameter images representing acoustic scatterer properties were generated by spectrum analysis of digitized echo data. Color maps representing the contour and thickness of the epithelium and stroma of the central corneal were generated by digital signal processing of 3-D echo data.Quantitative volume measurement and biometric techniques enhanced the diagnostic and treatment planning information content in 3-D ultrasound images. The location and extent of hemorrhage and clots within the suprachoroidal space were shown with solid modeling. Volume changes in ciliary body melanoma over time were documented and 3-D ultrasound parameter image changes associated with radiation therapy observed. In ciliary body detachment, the extent of the detachment was shown. Solid modeling of a posterior chamber intraocular lens showed misplacement of the haptic in relation to the lens capsule remnants. Keratopachymetric maps showed the range and variance of thickness and local radius of curvature measurements in the cornea.Quantitative volume measurement and biometric tools combined with segmentation of 3-D ultrasound images improve diagnostic and treatment planning informational content of 3-D ultrasound images through improved localization of tissue structures.
Operations on the Knee-joint
Authors: E. I. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1937)

should be given before midday if sleeplessness is to be avoided; on the average the effect tends to remain at a maximum for about five hours and takes an hour or more to develop fully.The psychological stimulation is not always maintained on continuous daily administration.Some patients complain that it loses its euphorizing effect after a few days, while the disagreeable features become more predominant.The possibility of addiction needs to be guarded against, and the case of a person who had been purchasing benze- drine at chemists' shops without medical supervision has already come to our notice, though none of our own patients have so far shown a tendency to addiction.The preponderance of disquieting somatic symptoms over the feeling of euphoria when large doses are taken, and the sleeplessness, make us think that addiction will be rare.At present, however, benzedrine may be purchased at any chemist's shop without prescription, and this seems inad- visable with a drug all the properties of which have yet to be fully investigated.It must also be emphasized that the therapeutic indications for its use apart from the treatment of narcolepsy have not been exactly formulated.It is to be hoped that this drug will not be discredited by misuse.We wish to thank Professor E. Mapother for his
RECURRENT TYPE I PNEUMONIA
Authors: LAWRENCE A. KOHN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The likelihood that a single attack of pneumonia may predispose to subsequent attacks has long been recognized. Statistical evidence has been presented which bears this out: thus, Norris<sup>1</sup>found that of 11,811 cases of pneumonia which he was able to collect from the literature, there had been a previous attack in 1,615, while Cole<sup>2</sup>obtained a history of previous pneumonia in 137 of 607 patients he observed with the disease. Direct observations of two attacks in the same person are relatively infrequently recorded but may be found (among recent reports those of Thomas<sup>3</sup>and Thompson<sup>4</sup>may be cited), and there are instances of many attacks. Cole saw three of the eighteen attacks which affected one individual and found Type III pneumococci in those observed. Norris cites a case of twenty-eight attacks, before the recognition of types of pneumococci. With the increasing knowledge of immunity in pneumococcus