tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Worldwide Survey of the Current Daily Practice in Liver Surgery
Authors: Yoshihiro Mise, Yoshihiro Sakamoto, Takeaki Ishizawa, Junichi Kaneko, Taku Aoki, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Yasuhiko Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2013)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Liver resection remains the mainstay of curative treatment for liver malignancies. A variety of preoperative assessments and surgical techniques have improved the short- and long-term outcomes of liver resection in patients with liver tumors. Recently, laparoscopic hepatectomies have been increasingly performed. The aim of the present study is to survey the current practice of liver surgery in high-volume centers in the world. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A questionnaire on the preoperative assessment for liver surgery, open hepatectomy, and laparoscopic hepatectomy was sent to 94 liver centers in the world. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Forty-two centers (45%) responded to this survey (29 Asian, 9 European, and 4 North American centers). All but one of the centers evaluated the future liver remnant (FLR) volume, and 95% of them performed preoperative portal vein embolization to increase the FLR volume. In half of the centers, the required FLR volume was over 30% in patients with normal liver and 50% in patients with cirrhotic liver. To reduce the intraoperative blood loss, half of the centers routinely used Pringle’s maneuver, and 85% restricted the intraoperative fluid infusion to reduce the central venous pressure. More than 10 laparoscopic hepatectomies were performed per year in 62% of the centers, and more than 30 were performed in 26%, respectively. Laparoscopic major hepatectomies were performed in 24%. Two-thirds answered that the laparoscopic approach would be feasible in donor hepatectomy. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The evaluation of FLR volume in patients with normal or cirrhotic liver and the usage of preoperative portal vein embolization have become essential practice in more than 90% of the centers. Reduced blood loss has been achieved using Pringle’s maneuver, restriction of fluid infusion, and a variety of surgical devises. The laparoscopic approach is increasingly extended to major hepatectomy or donor hepatectomy.
Avid F-18 FDG Uptake in Prostatic Sarcoma
Authors: Ryogo Minamimoto, Ukihide Tateishi, Hiroji Uemira, Shoji Yamanaka, Yoshinobu Kubota, Tomio Inoue
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report the F-18 FDG PET appearance of an adult prostatic sarcoma. A 76-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer treated by hormone therapy, a lobulated heterogeneous mass in the prostate gland was found on a follow-up pelvic computed tomography. Although the prostate- specific antigen level was within the normal range, transperineal core needle biopsy was performed because recurrent prostatic carcinoma was suspected. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as a prostatic sarcoma with no evidence of existing prostatic carcinoma. F-18 FDG-PET revealed avid-FDG uptake (maximum SUV of 7.1) and no evidence of distant metastasis.
The Management of the Presuicidal, Suicidal, and Postsuicidal Patient
Authors: JOSEPH F. ROSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Between 200,000 and 350,000 Americans attempt suicide each year; about 40,000 succeed. The rate of suicide is rising, particularly in young people in urban areas. Physicians are increasingly challenged to understand the irrational "magical thinking" of the person who attempts suicide; to recognize the warning "cry for help" that the potential suicide usually makes to his physician, family, or friends; and to respond sympathetically and compassionately to his attempts to resolve what, to him, are overwhelming and insoluble problems. Most suicidal patients admitted to a hospital are poisoned by an overdose of drugs. Management consists of identification of the poison, decontamination of the victim, induction of diuresis, and, in the comatose patient, scrupulous attention to respiratory care, including ventilation, oxygenation, and tracheobronchial toilet. With skilled medical management most suicidal patients recover from drug overdose, but the hazard of repeated suicidal attempts is very great. There must not be a disdainful, scornful, or condemning attitude toward these unfortunate human beings. An enlightened and sympathetic approach by a wise physician will relieve great anguish and save many lives.
HBsAg loss in patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and adefovir is associated with SLC16A9 gene variation and lower plasma carnitine levels
Authors: Louis Jansen, Annikki de Niet, Femke Stelma, Erik P.A. van Iperen, Karel A. van Dort, Marjan J. Tempelmans Plat-Sinnige, R. Bart Takkenberg, Daniel J. Chin, A.H. (Koos) Zwinderman, Uri Lopatin, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Hendrik W. Reesink
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Daily physical activity after bronchoscopic lung volume reduction: a pilot study: Table 1–
Authors: Jorine E. Hartman, H. Marike Boezen, Sanne Heintzbergen, Mathieu H.G. de Greef, Karin Klooster, Nick H.T. ten Hacken, Dirk-Jan Slebos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

To the Editors:

Daily physical activity is an important outcome variable in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has shown to be mainly associated with dynamic lung hyperinflation [1]. Physical inactivity is known to cause muscle deconditioning, which increases the ventilatory requirements during exercise, and in turn increases lung hyperinflation and worsens dyspnoea, thus contributing to a downward spiral [2]. This is especially true in patients with emphysema, in which destruction of alveolar tissue can result in progressive static and dynamic lung hyperinflation. Moreover, physical inactivity is a strong predictor of mortality in COPD patients [3]. Notwithstanding the beneficial effects of regular physical activity, physical activity levels in COPD patients are low, especially in those with severe COPD [4].

Lung volume reduction (LVR) by bronchoscopic techniques is an innovative and increasingly applied treatment method targeted at improving lung hyperinflation. Endobronchial devices are implanted in emphysematous parts of the lung to reduce hyperinflation. This may improve the mechanical properties of the remaining lung and the efficiency of the inspiratory muscles. Consequently, this may lead to reduction of dyspnoea during exertion and improve functional capacity of the body. Theoretically, after LVR a COPD patient's physical activity level may improve, which would be beneficial for an independent lifestyle of the patient and for restoration of social participation. However, so far physical …
Glenn's Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: William C. Alford
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Citing many recent advances in cardiothoracic surgery, the editors have made a good case for bringing out a new revision of the standard text just five years after the previous one. Preliminary comparison of the fifth and sixth editions suggests not much change when, in reality, substantial additions have been made. There are still two volumes with the same three sections: "General Thoracic Surgery," "Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease," and "Surgery for Acquired Heart Disease." The sixth edition has 300 more pages, but some of this reflects larger and more readable print. While the overall format and most chapter titles remain the same, about half of the authors are new, and the subject matter is expanded and updated in a most satisfactory manner. Some of the classic chapters on embryology, tetralogy of Fallot, and cardiac anatomy are little changed but remain effective. Entirely new chapters cover cardiomyoplasty, homografts, aortic valves,
Measurement of the cross linking compound, pyridinoline, in urine as an index of collagen degradation in joint disease.
Authors: S P Robins, P Stewart, C Astbury, H A Bird
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

An enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the collagen cross link, pyridinoline, has been developed using affinity purified antibodies, with a sensitivity down to about 0.1 ng of cross link. Measurements of urinary pyridinoline were made in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and a control group showing no signs of joint disease. Expressed relative to creatinine values, pyridinoline was significantly increased in both RA and OA groups compared with controls: these differences were much larger than could be attributed to any age related effects or to changes in urinary creatinine concentrations. These findings were confirmed by analysis of a series of 24 h urine collections which showed that the total pyridinoline excretions were significantly higher in both RA and OA groups than in the controls. As pyridinoline is much more prevalent in cartilage than in bone collagen, measurement of this compound in urine may provide an index for monitoring the increased joint destruction that occurs in arthritic disease.
Poverty Increases Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and Inequality of Care Despite Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Chih-Cheng Hsu, Cheng-Hua Lee, Mark L. Wahlqvist, Hsiao-Ling Huang, Hsing-Yi Chang, Likwang Chen, Shu-Fang Shih, Shyi-Jang Shin, Wen-Chen Tsai, Ted Chen, Chi-Ting Huang, Jur-Shan Cheng
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The discrepancy of diabetes incidence and care between socioeconomic statuses has seldom been studied concurrently in nations with universal health coverage. We aimed to delineate whether income disparity is associated with diabetes incidence and inequality of care under a national health insurance (NHI) program in Asia.From the Taiwan NHI database in 2000, a representative cohort aged ≥20 years and free of diabetes (n = 600,662) were followed up until 2005. We regarded individuals exempt from paying the NHI premium as being poor. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were used to discover any excess risk of diabetes in the poor population. The indicators used to evaluate quality of diabetes care included the proportion of diabetic patients identified through hospitalization, visits to diabetes clinics, and completion of recommended diabetes tests.The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the poor population was 20.4 per 1,000 person-years (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.7). Compared with their middle-income counterparts, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the poor population incidentally identified as having diabetes through hospitalization was 2.2 (P < 0.001). Poor persons with diabetes were less likely to visit any diabetes clinic (OR, 0.4; P < 0.001). The ORs for the poor population with diabetes to receive tests for glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and retinopathy were 0.6 (0.4-0.9), 0.4 (0.2-0.7), 0.5 (0.4-0.8), and 0.4 (0.2-0.9), respectively.Poverty is associated not only with higher diabetes incidence but also with inequality of diabetes care in a northeast Asian population, despite universal health coverage.
Conservative Treatment of Perforated Ulcer
Authors: J. E. Bannen
Journal: BMJ (1947)

craft" by the insti.utionef simple lecture demonstrations for both parents, these being developed as a part of the antenatal service.This interest can be further developed in hospital in the case of a mother with a difficult or premature infant by making her responsible, under supervision, for the entire care of her baby during the additional period of hospital stay allowed for the infant to become established.The hospital almoner also is of great assistance in the welfare of both mother and infant.It is our practice to have the home circumstances of each case investigated by the almnoner during the lying-in period, and to be salisfied that sufficient home help and reason- able home conditions exist before discharging the mother and infant from hospital.Although Dr. Lewis states that the liaison obtained by notifying the Health Department of such an infant's discharge and requesting an early visit from the health visitor is ineffective, we have found that, in practice, by ensuring a home visit on the day following discharge, the .continuity of supervision of the mother as to the care of her infant is preserved with reassuring results.We feel, therefore, that the major responsibility in the estab- lishment of small, difficult, or premature babies after birth lies primarily with the maternity unit, and that such a unit must be fully satisfied, when such infants are discharged home, that they are fit to withstand the less suitable conditions in the average household, and that in addition their mothers must be fit, at least physically, to look after them.-Weare, etc.,
Abstract 2395: Progression of structural change in breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Ryan J. Hartmaier, Adrian V. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Structural variations (SVs) have been shown to be a major source of genetic instability in cancer and metastasis but remains understudied. This is due to: (1) the limited power of paired-end sequencing (PES) in detecting SVs that frequently occur around repetitive regions and (2) the large amount (4ug) of high-molecular weight DNA required for mate-pair sequencing (MPS), which is specifically designed to detect SVs even in repetitive regions. Importantly, DNA obtained from FFPE tissue is heavily sheared and therefore not suitable for MPS - excluding most metastatic tissues in tumor banks. To overcome the barriers of MPS, we leveraged the University of Pittsburgh Rapid Autopsy Program and the Health Sciences Tissue Bank to obtain matched primary/metastatic frozen tumor samples from 6 patients (19 total tumor samples). Multiple large-insert (3-5, 5-8, &amp; 8-12 kb) mate-pair sequencing, was performed for each sample to obtain a complete catalogue of SVs. Additionally, whole exome sequencing was performed to identify point mutations and to de-convolute clonal evolution within each patient. After removing SVs found in matched germline DNA, we identified extensive somatic SVs within the primary tumor that tended to decrease in metastatic samples. This is likely due to extensive genetic heterogeneity in the primary tumor that underwent clonal selection due to metastasis and/or treatment. Well-known hotspots (such as 17q), showed extensive intra- and inter- chromosomal SVs in both primary and metastatic tumors indicating that these are likely early and essential events in tumorgenesis. However, metastatic specific events also clustered with 17q suggesting that this region continues to play a role during metastasis. Somatic single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) revealed obvious high density clustering of mutations (kataegis) that overlapped with SV breakpoints. Further analysis revealed that these SNV clusters were primarily TT-TC, which is a signature of the deaminase APOBEC3B recently been shown to bind around dsDNA breaks and cause high levels of mutations. We have observed examples of kataegis as early, shared events and metastatic specific events indicating that kataegis is an ongoing process through metastasis. Together these data show that extensive SV occurs during breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis and these SVs often co-occur with kataegis. As more samples and distant metastases are sequenced, RNA-seq will be used to help prioritize specific metastatic specific SVs for functional studies demonstrating the role in the development of the metastatic phenotype. Citation Format: Ryan J. Hartmaier, Adrian V. Lee. Progression of structural change in breast cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2395. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2395
Increased binding of synovial T lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis to endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1).
Authors: A A Postigo, R Garcia-Vicuña, F Diaz-Gonzalez, A G Arroyo, M O De Landázuri, G Chi-Rosso, R R Lobb, A Laffon, F Sánchez-Madrid
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The infiltration of the synovial membrane (SM) by mononuclear cells, mostly T cells, is a typical histopathological feature associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The entry of T lymphocytes into the SM is believed to be mediated by a number of molecules in the endothelium that are induced in response to a series of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we have investigated the adhesion of synovial T cells from RA patients to two endothelial ligands: endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), the only selectin known to function as a vascular addressin for T cells, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), the cellular ligand of VLA-4. Our results clearly demonstrate that synovial T cells isolated from both SM and synovial fluid (SF), bearing an activated and memory phenotype, displayed an enhanced capacity to interact with these two endothelial molecules as compared with T cells from peripheral blood (PB) either of the same RA patients or healthy donors. A further enhancement of VLA-4-mediated T cell binding to VCAM-1 and fibronectin could be observed when already in vivo-activated synovial T cells were stimulated in vitro with phorbol esters, suggesting the existence of several cellular affinity levels for both very late activation-4 (VLA-4) ligands. Moreover, both PB and synovial T cells from RA patients exhibited strong proliferative responses when they were cultured with either fibronectin or VCAM-1 in combination with submitogenic doses of anti-CD3 mAb. This increased endothelial binding ability of synovial T lymphocytes together with their proliferation in response to the interaction with VCAM-1 and fibronectin may represent important mechanisms in the regulation of T cell penetration and persistence in the chronically inflamed SM of RA.
66 Oral IDN-6556, An anti-apoptotic caspase inhibitor, lowers aminotransferases in HCV patients
Authors: E.R. Schiff, P. Pockros, M.L. Schiffman, J. McHutchison, R. Gish, N.H. Afdhal, M. Makhviladze, T. Oltersdorf, D.A. Shapiro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Saving the Vision of Children With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Uveitis
Authors: Quan Dong Nguyen, C. Stephen Foster
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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Dual farnesoid X receptor/TGR5 agonist INT-767 reduces liver injury in the <i>Mdr2</i> <sup>−/−</sup> (<i>Abcb4</i> <sup>−/−</sup> ) mouse cholangiopathy model by promoting biliary HCO 3− output
Authors: Anna Baghdasaryan, Thierry Claudel, Judith Gumhold, Dagmar Silbert, Luciano Adorini, Aldo Roda, Stefania Vecchiotti, Frank J. Gonzalez, Kristina Schoonjans, Mario Strazzabosco, Peter Fickert, Michael Trauner
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Chronic cholangiopathies have limited therapeutic options and represent an important indication for liver transplantation. The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane G protein-coupled receptor, TGR5, regulate bile acid (BA) homeostasis and inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of FXR and/or TGR5 could ameliorate liver injury in Mdr2(-/-) (Abcb4(-/-)) mice, a model of chronic cholangiopathy. Hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, as well as bile secretion and key genes of BA homeostasis were addressed in Mdr2(-/-) mice fed either a chow diet or a diet supplemented with the FXR agonist, INT-747, the TGR5 agonist, INT-777, or the dual FXR/TGR5 agonist, INT-767 (0.03% w/w). Only the dual FXR/TGR5 agonist, INT-767, significantly improved serum liver enzymes, hepatic inflammation, and biliary fibrosis in Mdr2(-/-) mice, whereas INT-747 and INT-777 had no hepatoprotective effects. In line with this, INT-767 significantly induced bile flow and biliary HCO 3- output, as well as gene expression of carbonic anhydrase 14, an important enzyme able to enhance HCO 3- transport, in an Fxr-dependent manner. In addition, INT-767 dramatically reduced bile acid synthesis via the induction of ileal Fgf15 and hepatic Shp gene expression, thus resulting in significantly reduced biliary bile acid output in Mdr2(-/-) mice.This study shows that FXR activation improves liver injury in a mouse model of chronic cholangiopathy by reduction of biliary BA output and promotion of HCO 3--rich bile secretion.
THE HISTOGENESIS OF CELLS IN EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA IN THE DOG
Authors: Clayton G. Loosli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

The kinds of cells and the sequence in which they appeared in the inflammatory exudate were studied in a series of experimentally produced pneumonic lesions in dogs. There was a gradual and progressive change in the character of the exudate and the kinds of cells as the disease progressed. The microscopic findings could be more closely correlated with the age of the lesions than with their gross appearance or with the clinical condition of the animal at the time of death. The cells in the exudate came principally from the blood. The polymorphonuclear leucocytes were gradually replaced by larger phagocytic mononuclear cells. These were derived chiefly from the hypertrophy and transformation into larger phagocytic cells of the lymphocytes and monocytes of the blood after they entered the air spaces along with the polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the early stages of the disease. To follow the development of the hematogenous exudate cells into macrophages in the dog, the pneumonic process must be studied from its earliest inception and at close stages during the first 36 hours of the disease. The local septal cells contributed only in a minor way to the origin of the macrophages. Their principal reaction appeared to be one of enlargement without detachment from the alveolar walls. Consolidation of the lungs occurred as a result of the spread of the pneumococci through the air spaces by direct passage of the infected edema fluid from alveolus to alveolus through the pores of Kohn and from bronchiole to bronchiole from aspiration during breathing and coughing. The similarity of the histogenesis of the exudate cells in this series of experimentally induced pneumonic lesions in the dog and in those which occur spontaneously in man was discussed.