tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Resuscitation for students.
Authors: D A O'Rourke
Journal: BMJ (1974)

work with normal and malignant cells of identical tissue origin has clearly Ehown that thermosensitivity is one of the early charac- teristics of the malignant cell transforma- tion.1 2 A paper, not cited by Mr. Hall and his colleagues, on the relationship of hyper- thermia and radiation in the treatnent of bladder cancer was published by Cockett et al. in 1967.3Though heat alone can cure cancer in a few experimental systems4' many of the 'published papers report investigations into the use of heat as a "sensitizer" to radiation6-8 or chemotherapic agents.9-"Un- published in vitro data of my own show that a temperature of 42'C applied;for two hours enhances the killing effect of several chemo- therapic agents by factors varying fromn 10 to 100.-I am, etc.,
Nosocomial Transmission of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis?
Authors: Peter J. Krause
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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WIST-ful thinking.
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Although family health services authorities encourage and support women entrants to general practice, they may need to play a more active part in monitoring women's workload and share of partnership income.Authorities could determine how many minimum full time practitioners previously working 20 hours a week are now working 26 hours for the same share of the profits, how many now do night work, and whether they treat applications for job sharing in singlehanded practices equally.The Royal College of General Practitioners supports continued education in the early years in general practice.9Doctors on retainer schemes and those returning after a break from full clinical responsibility may have special educational needs, particularly regarding practice management.This group may have low incomes, and meeting their needs may require additional grants.Women are an asset to general practice.The profession, the government, and the family health services authorities have a responsibility to ensure that they are treated equally.
Diabetic Coma Associated with Lipaemia and Complicated by Uraemia
Authors: S. Z. Kalinowski, J. M. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1953)

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IN OSTEOARTHRITISBRDITsNHAL 661 lateral femoral condyle.When fibrillar cartilage was taken from the patellar surface of the femur, healthy cartilage was also removed from an adjacent area.Cartilage from the weight-bearing areas of the medial and lateral condyles and from the patellar surface of the femur of healthy adult knee- joints without fibrillation served as a further control.Car- tilage samples obtained in this way were finely divided with a scalpel, dehydrated in several changes of acetbne, and finally dried over concentrated sulphuric acid in vacuo to constant weight.Determinations of collagen and chondroitin sulphate on aliquots were carried out as previously described (Matthews, 1952). ResultsThe accompanying table gives results obtained from seven knee-joints showing twelve comparisons between fibrillar and healthy cartilage.Five joints showed lesions of both medial condyle and patellar surface, while in two the medial Collagen and Chondroitin Sulphate Content of Fibrillar and Healthy Articular Cartilage in the Knee (% of Dry Weight) Fibrillar Carilage: Healthy Cartilage: Weight
Liver Hamartomas in Patients on Oral Contraceptives
Authors: J. P. O'Sullivan, R. P. Wilding
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Three cases are reported of tumour-like lesions of the liver in women who had been on oral contraceptives for long periods. These malformations have a prominent vascular component and may present with haemoperitoneum and shock. The possibility of an association between liver hamartomas and oral contraceptive therapy has to be considered.
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and autoimmunity in 250 women
Authors: R.H. Meyrick Thomas, C.M. Ridley, D.H. McGibbon, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Whilst the aetiology and pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) remain unknown, it has been established that patients with LSA have an increased incidence of autoantibodies (Goolamali et al., 1974) and autoimmune related disorders (Harrington & Dunsmore, 1981; Meyrick Thomas, Ridley & Black, 1983, 1984). As only a proportion of patients with LSA exhibit such a tendency to autoimmune related phenomena, we have sought to determine whether there are any differences in the natural history of LSA in patients having autoantibodies or autoimmune related diseases (personally or in a first degreee relative) compared with those without such features. We have studied 250 women with histologically confirmed LSA. Fifty‐two (208%) had a personal history of one or more autoimmune related diseases (vitiligo, alopecia areata, pernicious anaemia, insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, bullous pemphigoid); 55 (22%) gave a family history of such autoimmune related disorders; and 109 (436%) had one or more autoantibody in a titre 1:20 or greater. There was a slightly different distribution of age at onset of LSA in the group of patients with an autoimmune related disorder compared with the patients with no associated conditions, but no significant differences were found between those patients with, and those without, autoimmune related phenomena with regard to duration of LSA, onset of LSA in relation to puberty or menopause, site(s) of involvement with LSA and malignant change in LSA‐involved skin. We conclude that the tendency to develop autoimmune related phenomena does not reflect a difference in the natural history of LSA in such patients.
Obesity Is Associated with Risk of Progression for Low-risk Prostate Cancers Managed Expectantly
Authors: Bimal Bhindi, Girish S. Kulkarni, Antonio Finelli, Shabbir M.H. Alibhai, Robert J. Hamilton, Ants Toi, Theodorus H. van der Kwast, Andrew Evans, Karen Hersey, Michael A.S. Jewett, Alexandre R. Zlotta, John Trachtenberg, Neil E. Fleshner
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. A ten-year follow-up of an epidemic
Authors: L. V. Perlman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Despite many reports regarding the apparent benign prognosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children,<sup>1-4</sup>there remains some question about the relationship of this disease to chronic nephritis.<sup>5-9</sup>While many observers have concluded that the two diseases represent distinct and often unrelated entities, recent evidence, primarily from renal biopsies in adults, indicates that certain cases of chronic glomerulonephritis are the results of acute poststreptococcal disease which has failed to heal.<sup>9-11</sup>Many previous studies have been deficient because of inadequate follow-up, poor sampling, and the inclusion of diseases that were not clearly acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Because of these inadequacies, particularly with regard to precise definition of etiology of the acute disease, we observed a large group of children who had been clearly afflicted with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in 1953. One-hundred percent (61) of the surviving persons involved in a well-defined epidemic of streptococcal infection with a nephritogenic strain (Redlake
Long-Term Therapy of Hereditary Angioedema with Danazol
Authors: Stephen W. Hosea, Maria L. Santaella, Eric J. Brown, Melvin Berger, Kathy Katusha, Michael M. Frank
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We treated 69 patients who had hereditary angioedema with danazol to alleviate attacks of mucocutaneous angioedema involving the skin, oropharynx, and gastrointestinal tract, and we documented the continued efficacy of danazol for long-term treatment (1 to 6 years) of hereditary angioedema. Significant dose-related, adverse reactions occurred, including weight gain, myalgias, headaches, microscopic hematuria, abnormal liver function tests, anxiety, altered libido, alopecia, dizziness, and nausea. Alterations in menstrual function were consistently observed. About 10% of patients noted masculinizing side effects, such as acne, hirsutism, and voice deepening. We recommend downward titration of danazol dosage to achieve control of attacks and minimize adverse reactions. Periodic monitoring of patients on long-term danazol therapy is essential to avoid undesirable toxicity.
Depletion of Body Potassium by Diuretics
Authors: ALEXANDER P. REMENCHIK, CHARLES MILLER, PETER J. TALSO, EDWARD O. WILLOUGHBY
Journal: Circulation (1966)

A study was designed to evaluate the [see table in the PDF file] [see table in the PDF file] hypothesis that the hypokalemia associated with the administration of thiazide diuretics reflects a redistribution of potassium rather than a depletion of body potassium. Exchangeable potassium, total body potassium, total body water, extracellular fluid volume, and serum sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and pH of a group of hypertensive subjects were measured before and after 4 weeks of administration of dichlorphenamide and hydrochlorothiazide to these subjects. Significant decreases were observed in serum potassium (1.05 mEq/L), serum chloride (8.22 mEq/L), exchangeable potassium (21.1%), and total body potassium (16.7%) without a significant change in serum pH, sodium, and bicarbonate. Body weight, total body water, and extracellular fluid volume also decreased, but the change in body weight was not sufficient to explain the potassium deficit produced. The mechanisms responsible for the loss of potassium are discussed.
Clinical Characteristics of the Munchausen Syndrome
Authors: Per Fink, Jørgen Jensen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

The term Munchausen syndrome was introduced by Asher in 1951 for the description of patients who tell fantastic stories and deliberately seek repeated hospitalizations at different hospitals for simulated or self-induced acute illnesses. The syndrome has been repeatedly criticized and several other eponyms have been suggested. In DSM-III-R the designation chronic factitious disorder is used synonymously with Munchausen syndrome. On the basis of 3 new case reports and a statistic processing of literature case histories, this paper suggests that when using the original criteria by Asher, the syndrome constitutes a subtype of chronic factitious disorders, specially characterized by factitious illness, peregrination, pseudologia fantastica and dramatic admission circumstances. Further, most of the criticism of the syndrome may be a result of the great variability in definitions and diagnostic criteria used by different authors. Other clinical characteristics of the patients as well as psychopathologic and psychodynamic considerations are briefly discussed.
Fenfluramine and Phentermine and Cardiovascular Findings
Authors: James G. Jollis, Carolyn K. Landolfo, Joseph Kisslo, Ginger D. Constantine, Kelly D. Davis, Thomas Ryan
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The combination of fenfluramine and phentermine was a widely used obesity treatment before the withdrawal of fenfluramine for an association with heart valve regurgitation. The prevalence and clinical significance of regurgitation among patients treated with these medications has yet to be fully established. Methods and Results —To evaluate the potential association between the duration of treatment and the prevalence of heart valve abnormalities, we examined 1163 patients who had taken fenfluramine-phentermine and 672 control patients who had not taken the drug combination within 5 years. Mild or greater aortic regurgitation was present in 8.8% of treated patients and 3.6% of control patients ( P &lt;0.001). Moderate or greater mitral regurgitation was present in 2.6% of treated patients and 1.5% of control patients ( P =0.18). The adjusted odds ratio compared with controls of aortic regurgitation of mild or greater severity increased according to duration of treatment: 90 to 180 days, 1.5 ( P =0.23); 181 to 360 days, 2.4 ( P =0.002); 361 to 720 days, 4.6 ( P &lt;0.001); &gt;720 days, 6.2 ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —This is the largest study to demonstrate a relation between the length of treatment with fenfluramine-phentermine and the prevalence of valvular abnormalities. These findings suggest that valvular abnormalities in patients who took fenfluramine-phentermine primarily involve those who had taken these medications for &gt;6 months and predominantly results in mild aortic regurgitation. The valve regurgitation identified by this study was not accompanied by significant differences in cardiovascular symptoms nor physical findings other than a higher prevalence of heart murmurs.
P3 Oxidative Distress and Antioxidants in Severe Asthma: Abstract P3 Table 1
Authors: R Sathyamurthy, S Manney, C Webster, T Krishna, G Perkins, AH Mansur
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> The role played by oxidative stress (OS) burden and antioxidant (AO) defences in severe asthma (SA) have been inconsistent. <h3>Aims</h3> To compare levels of OS markers and AO between subtypes of SA, mild asthma (MA) and control (N). <h3>Methods</h3> A longitudinal case control study (2009–2010) included 15 N, 15 corticosteroid naïve MA, 10 SA not dependent on oral corticosteroids (OCS), 10 SA dependent on OCS (NOCS) and 10 type-1 brittle asthma (BA). Subjects taking vitamin supplementation were excluded. Serum AO – vitamin A (vit-A) and E (vit-E), copper(Cu), selenium(s) and zinc (Zn) were measured at first visit. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) nitrate and 8-isoprostane(iSo), Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) were measured on 3 visits 3 weeks apart as markers of OS. OS and AO markers were correlated with asthma-severity. <h3>Results</h3> Sixty subjects were recruited (16 males, age 19–57 yrs). 8-iSo was not detectable in all of our samples. Significant correlations (p&lt;0.05) between AO and OS markers are given in the table below Between group analyses revealed correlation of FeNO with increasing asthma-severity, but EBC nitrate did not differ significantly amongst the 5 groups. Vit-A was significantly higher in OCS group, and vit-E was significantly higher in the OCS, NOCS and BA groups as compared to N. There was no significant difference between the 5 groups in Cu, Zn or Se levels. Regression analysis identified age, height, and vit-E as best predictors of FEV1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study indicates paradoxically increased levels of some of the AO in severe asthmatics. We hypothesise that the mechanics by which AO counteracts the OS in severe asthmatics could be impaired rather than AO deficiency. This needs to be researched further in larger studies.
S6 Kinase Deletion Suppresses Muscle Growth Adaptations to Nutrient Availability by Activating AMP Kinase
Authors: Victor Aguilar, Samira Alliouachene, Athanassia Sotiropoulos, Andrew Sobering, Yoni Athea, Fatima Djouadi, Sylvain Miraux, Eric Thiaudière, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Philippe Diolez, Jean Bastin, Paule Benit, Pierre Rustin, David Carling, Marco Sandri, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Mario Pende
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Clinical Course and Prognosis of Trochlear Nerve Schwannomas
Authors: Valerie I. Elmalem, Brian R. Younge, Valérie Biousse, Jacqueline A. Leavitt, Mark L. Moster, Judith Warner, Mark J. Kupersmith, Klara Landau, Michael C. Brodsky, Larry P. Frohman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
Acute injury incidence in professional county club cricket players (1985–1995): Figure 1
Authors: Tim Leary, John A White
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Background —There is a dearth of evidenced based research into sports injury in professional cricket. Aim —To investigate the incidence, nature, and site of acute injuries sustained by professional cricketers at one English county club over the period 1985–1995. Methods —Injuries in a sample of 54 cricketers who had played in the first team for the same county cricket club in any or all seasons between 1985 and 1995 were investigated. Injury was defined as the onset of pain or a disability resulting from either training for or playing cricket, which caused the player to seek medical attention. Results —An acute injury rate of 57.4 injuries per 1000 days of cricket played was found, with most injuries sustained during April, the month in which the least number of days were played. The lower limb was the region most vulnerable to injury, accounting for 44.9% of all injuries, followed by the upper limb (29.4%), the trunk (20.0%), and the head and neck (5.7%). No significant difference in injury incidence among player positions was found. Conclusion —There is a need for a system of epidemiological data collection and development of a national cricket injury database to help predict, reduce, and prevent injury at all levels of the game.
The impact of impaired renal function on mortality in patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure
Authors: Amalia Vaz Pérez, Katrin Otawa, Arabel V. Zimmermann, Martin Stockburger, Ursula Müller‐Werdan, Karl Werdan, Hendrik B. Schmidt, Hüseyin Ince, Mathias Rauchhaus
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Role of erythropoietin receptor signaling in Friend virus-induced erythroblastosis and polycythemia
Authors: Ji Zhang, Mindy S. Randall, Melanie R. Loyd, Weimin Li, Rachel L. Schweers, Derek A. Persons, Jerold E. Rehg, Constance T. Noguchi, James N. Ihle, Paul A. Ney
Journal: Blood (2005)
Novel pattern of P53 mutation in breast cancers from Austrian women.
Authors: A Hartmann, G Rosanelli, H Blaszyk, J M Cunningham, R M McGovern, J J Schroeder, D J Schaid, J S Kovach, S S Sommer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Since mutagens produce an extraordinary diversity of mutational patterns, differential mutational exposures among populations are expected to produce different patterns of mutation. Classical epidemiological methods have been successful in implicating specific mutagens in cancers such as those of lung and skin in which one mutagen predominates. In breast cancer, however, no mutagens have been implicated in an unequivocal manner. In an attempt to facilitate epidemiological studies, we have been studying the pattern of p53 gene mutations in breast cancers from multiple populations with high and low breast cancer incidences. We previously reported that breast cancers from Midwest United States, predominantly rural Caucasian women, have a different pattern of p53 gene mutation from populations of Western European women. Herein, we analyze patterns of p53 mutations from Graz, Austria, another population with a high incidence of breast cancer. Among the 60 Austrian breast cancers analyzed, 14 (23%) have a p53 gene mutation in exons 5-9 or in adjacent splice junctions. Analysis of the patterns of mutation shows differences between the "Western European" profile and the Austrian and Midwest United States groups (P = 0.027 and 0.024, respectively). The Austrian pattern is characterized by a high frequency of A:T-->T:A transversions (P = 0.006). The presence of distinct patterns of mutation among the limited number of analyzed populations of Western European origin supports the idea that differential mutagenic exposure and/or genetic differences contribute to breast cancer mutagenesis among geographically distinct Caucasians of Western European origin.
PSYCHOSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF ATABRINE
Authors: MARVIN F. GREIBER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

1. Forty-three cases of psychosis associated with the administration of atabrine, 9 of them secondary to the massive treatment for malaria, and 34 following atabrine suppressive therapy, have been studied. 2. The reactions most frequently encountered were manic-like reactions, seen in 27 cases, while 15 schizophrenic-like reactions were seen. One depressive reaction was seen. 3. The reactions were characterized by an acute sudden explosive onset, a stormy course and a return to normal in a period of 30 to 35 days. 4. In an effort to determine the etiological relationship of atabrine in the study of the psychoses an atabrine factor was postulated, dividing the reactions into a primary and a trigger group. Thirty-four reactions occurred in the trigger group, whereas only 9 reactions occurred in the primary group. 5. It was found that the primary group displayed a true sensitivity to the drug, whereas in the trigger group a predisposed personality as well as emotional conflicts or acute illnesses were as great a factor as the atabrine itself. 6. Retesting with atabrine was performed in 20 cases; 13 being retested with the massive schedules 4 being retested on the suppressive schedule, and 3 being retested by the massive schedule followed by suppressive schedule. Of the 5 cases in the primary group, which were retested, all became psychotic; 3 being retested by massive therapy, I by massive and suppressive, and I by suppressive therapy. Of the 14 cases in the trigger group there were 4 failures; 2 of these received the suppressive r#{233}gimewhile 2 received the massive plus the suppressive régime, the rest receiving the massive rlégime. 7. Blood atabrine studies were not found to be a reliable aid in the diagnosis of a toxic psychosis due to atabrine. 8. Treatment in the toxic psychoses consists of withdrawal of the toxic agent, the maintenance of body nutrition and adequate sedation. 9. Of the 43 cases studied, 37 individuals (86 percent) were returned to duty, 10. Thirty of the 37 individuals returned to duty were given follow-up study for a period varying from 2 to 8 months. In this group there was not recurrence of the psychosis.
Acute Encephalomyelitis Due to Poliomyelitis Virus
Authors: W. H. Kelleher, A. B. Bratton, F. O. MacCallum
Journal: BMJ (1949)

POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS BRsrn 213 be involved.This likelihood was mentioned by MacAlpine (1947) after the 1947 period of poliomyelitis had included similar cases; our present case, though affording no proof, does give this concept further support. SummaryA fatal case of infection by the virus of poliomyelitis has been described.Although the case clinically showed a mainly encephalitic and brain-stem involvement the cerebral changes were merely those of cortical congestion, and the pons showed only a mild inflammatory reaction.The spinal cord, on the other hand, showed gross and widespread destruction of anterior horn cells.No really satisfactory histological explanation was forthcoming from either cord or brain to account for the definite clinical evidence of upper motor neurone involvement.Congestion, oedema, or very slight early changes in these neurones might be adduced as causes of the signs.Inoculation of the nervous tissues of this case in monkeys resulted in symptoms and histo- logical lesions closely akin to those in the human subject.This seemingly encephalitic case was thus proved to be due to an infection by poliomyelitis virus, and its features are compared briefly with those shown by possible atypical cases of the same infection seen in the same district two years previously.Our thanks are due to Miss M. H. Shaw for the photomnicrographs of the sections.