tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Poliomyelitis Incidence in the Soviet Union in 1960
Authors: Albert B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN VIEW OF recent reports in the public press of the extensive use of oral poliomyelitis vaccine in the U.S.S.R. in 1960, I have had many inquiries from physicians and public health officers as to whether I had any precise information on what was done and what happened. On Jan. 18, 1961, Professor M. P. Chumakov, director of the Moscow Institute for Poliomyelitis Research of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Medical Sciences, sent me the accompanying brief, preliminary report on what happened in the U.S.S.R. in 1960 and what they are planning to do in 1961. I should like to point out that the "reported cases of all forms of poliomyelitis," shown in the graph, are based on clinical reports received by the health services, and do not represent the actual incidence of confirmed cases of poliomyelitis, not even the number of cases with persistent paralysis. In Cincinnati, Czechoslovakia, and
Authors' reply to Turgeon and Tejani and to Manderville
Authors: H. Y. Park, S. F. P. Man, D. D. Sin
Journal: BMJ (2012)

As pointed out by Turgeon and Tejani,1 the controversy is considerable on how to optimally calculate the number needed to treat (NNT) for outcomes that subjects can experience multiple times during follow-up. We chose an event based method to calculate the NNT,2 which others have used, to …
Is drugs policy the great game?
Authors: J. M. Orrell
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Why do governments maintain the pretence of possible victory in the war on drugs?

The retiring president of the Royal College of Physicians, Sir Ian Gilmore, stated in an email: “Everyone who has looked at this in a serious and sustained way concludes that the present policy of prohibition is not a success.” This endorses the recent article in the BMJ …
Interleukins and IgA synthesis. Human and murine interleukin 6 induce high rate IgA secretion in IgA-committed B cells.
Authors: K W Beagley, J H Eldridge, F Lee, H Kiyono, M P Everson, W J Koopman, T Hirano, T Kishimoto, J R McGhee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Freshly isolated murine PP B cells were cultured with 10 different cytokines, including IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta, to investigate a possible role for these cytokines in induction of Ig synthesis. Of interest was the finding that only IL-5 and both mouse recombinant (mr) and human recombinant (hr) IL-6 enhanced IgA synthesis. The effect was greater with either mrIL-6 or hrIL-6 than with mrIL-5. IL-6 induced cycling mIgA+ PP B cells to secrete high levels of IgA (approximately 7-fold increase over control). Of importance was the finding that mrIL-6 had little effect on secretion of IgM or IgG by PP B cell cultures. hrIL-6 also increased IgA secretion by PP B cells and this enhancement was abolished by a goat anti-hrIL-6 antiserum. mrIL-6 did not cause B cell proliferation but induced a sharp increase in numbers of B cells secreting IgA. Isotype-switching was not a mechanism for this marked increase in IgA synthesis since mIgA- PP B cells were not induced to secrete IgA by mrIL-6. From these studies we conclude that IL-6 plays an important role in promoting the terminal differentiation of PP B cells to IgA-secreting plasma cells.
India will collect data to tackle overuse of hysterectomy
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Distinguishing the primary from secondary effects and compensatory mechanisms is of crucial importance in understanding adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Transgenic mice that overexpress the G93A mutation of the human Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 gene (hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice) are a commonly used animal model of ALS. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from neurons in acute slice preparations from neonatal wild-type and hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice were made to characterize functional changes in neuronal activity. Hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) in postnatal day 4 (P4)–P10 hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice displayed hyperexcitability, increased persistent Na<sup>+</sup> current (PC<sub>Na</sub>), and enhanced frequency of spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory transmission, compared with wild-type mice. These functional changes in neuronal activity are the earliest yet reported for the hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mouse, and are present 2–3 months before motoneuron degeneration and clinical symptoms appear in these mice. Changes in neuronal activity were not restricted to motoneurons: superior colliculus interneurons also displayed hyperexcitability and synaptic changes (P10–P12). Furthermore, <i>in vivo</i> viral-mediated GFP (green fluorescent protein) overexpression in hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> HMs revealed precocious dendritic remodeling, and behavioral assays revealed transient neonatal neuromotor deficits compared with controls. These findings underscore the widespread and early onset of abnormal neural activity in this mouse model of the adult neurodegenerative disease ALS, and suggest that suppression of PC<sub>Na</sub> and hyperexcitability early in life might be one way to mitigate or prevent cell death in the adult CNS.
Pancreatic cystic neoplasm presenting as a large gastric ulcer
Authors: S. Mathew, S. Gupta, M. Mendall, D. Sarma
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

An 85-year-old woman was admitted with painless obstructive jaundice that had developed over the previous few weeks. Ultrasound examination showed intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct dilatation; the common bile duct (CBD) measured 2.5 cm, and there was a suggestion of pancreatic duct dilatation. A few gallstones were identified in an otherwise normal-looking gallbladder, but no obstructing CBD stones were seen. The dilated biliary system was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); no stones were identified in the CBD, but a copious amount of mucus was cleared from the duct. A large gastric ulcer was also noted at ERCP, which was confirmed on formal gastroduodenoscopy and was also seen to be secreting thick mucus into the stomach ([Fig. 1]).
Compound heterozygosity of non‐deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and δβ‐thalassemia
Authors: Angelos Kalamaras, Christos Chassanidis, Maria Samara, Manoussos N. Papadakis, Andromachi Vagena, Vassiliki Aleporou‐Marinou, George P. Patrinos, Panagoula Kollia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)
Sulphonamide Drugs in War
Authors: L. E. H. Whitby
Journal: BMJ (1942)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bilinguals with aphasia (BWA) present varying degrees of lexical access impairment and recovery across their two languages. Because both languages may benefit from therapy, identifying the optimal target language for treatment is a current challenge for research and clinical practice. Prior research has demonstrated that the BiLex computational model can accurately simulate lexical access in healthy bilinguals, and language impairment and treatment response in bilingual aphasia. Here, we aim to determine whether BiLex can predict treatment outcomes in BWA in the treated and the untreated language and compare these outcome predictions to determine the optimal language for rehabilitation. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> The study involves a prospective parallel-group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Forty-eight Spanish–English BWA will receive 20 sessions of semantic treatment for lexical retrieval deficits in one of their languages and will complete assessments in both languages prior and after treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to an experimental group receiving treatment in the optimal language determined by the model or a control group receiving treatment in the language opposite to the model’s recommendation. Primary treatment outcomes include naming probes while secondary treatment outcomes include tests tapping additional language domains. Treatment outcomes will be compared across the two groups using 2×2 mixed effect models for repeated measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on metrics of treatment effects commonly employed in rehabilitation studies (ie, effect size and percentage change). <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> All procedures included in this protocol (protocol number 29, issue date: 19 March 2019) were approved by the Boston University Charles River Campus Institutional Review Board at Boston, Massachusetts (reference number: 4492E). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and will be presented at national and international conferences. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT02916524.
Effect of Tetracycline on Leucocyte Ascorbic Acid Levels
Authors: A. C. M. Windsor, C. B. Hobbs, D. A. Treby, R. A. Cowper
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Fourteen men aged 73-94 showed a fall in leucocyte ascorbic acid levels during five days9 treatment with 1 g of tetracycline daily. A control group of nine men aged 74-90 showed no fall in leucocyte ascorbic acid levels. Of the control group, three were treated with phenobarbitone 60 mg thrice daily, three with phenylbutazone 200 mg thrice daily, and three with aloxiprin 1,200 mg four times a day. A further two men aged 87 and 90 showed increased urinary excretion of ascorbic acid while receiving 1 g of tetracycline daily.
JAMA volume 200
Authors: J. H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Protein expression, vascular reactivity and soluble guanylate cyclase activity in mice lacking the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase: contributions of NOS isoforms to blood pressure and heart rate control
Authors: G Kojda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Both disruption of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and pharmacological inhibition of the NOS produce modest hypertension. It is unclear if and to what extent NOS isoforms other than eNOS contribute to this effect and how loss of one copy of the eNOS gene might impact on vascular reactivity or eNOS protein expression. Methods: We examined protein expression, vascular reactivity, activity of soluble guanylate cyclase, blood pressure and heart rate in mice completely lacking the eNOS gene (eNOS−/−), wild-type mice (eNOS+/+) and mice heterozygotic for the eNOS gene (eNOS+/−). Results: While eNOS−/− mice had mild hypertension and bradycardia, eNOS+/− mice were normotensive. In control mice, oral administration of l-NAME (approximately 100 mg/kg/day×21 days) increased blood pressure to levels observed in eNOS−/− mice. In eNOS−/− mice, chronic oral administration of l-NAME had no effect on blood pressure, suggesting that inhibition of other NOS isoforms unlikely contribute to hypertension. l-NAME treatment induced bradycardia in both control and eNOS−/− mice, suggesting that both eNOS and other isoforms of NOS might be involved in heart rate control. Studies of aortic rings from eNOS−/− mice revealed a complete lack of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in response to acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 and an increase in sensitivity to phenylephrine, serotonin and nitroglycerin. Aortic rings from eNOS+/− mice demonstrated only minor alterations of responses to nitroglycerin and a normal relaxation to either acetylcholine or A23187 compared to vessels from eNOS+/+. Western analysis demonstrated that eNOS expression was virtually identical between eNOS+/+ and eNOS+/− mice and was absent in eNOS−/− mice. The activity of lung-isolated soluble guanylate cyclase was identical in the three strains of mice. Conclusions: We conclude that loss of one copy of the eNOS gene, as observed in heterozygotic animals, has no effect on vascular reactivity, blood pressure or eNOS protein expression. Isoforms of NOS, other than eNOS are unlikely involved in blood pressure regulation but may participate in heart rate control.
Abstract 4877: Polyamine analogues modulate gene expression by inhibiting KDM1/LSD1 and altering chromatin structure in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Qingsong Zhu, Yi Huang, Laurence J. Marton, Patrick M. Woster, Nancy E. Davidson, Robert A. Casero
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Gene expression can be modulated through histone methylation, which is tightly control by the balance of histone methytransferase and demethylase. Methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylation) of lysine 4 of histone 3 is associated with active gene transcription. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (KDM1/LSD1) can enzymatically demethylate mono- and di-methyl H3K4 that leads to suppression of gene transcription. Our previous studies demonstrated that a novel class of polyamine analogues can effectively inhibit KDM1/LSD1 and induce re-expression of candidate epigenetically silenced genes. The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular effects of polyamine analogues, 2d and PG11144, on global gene expression profile by inhibition of KDM/LSD1 in estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The possible mechanisms of polyamine analogues mediating modulation of gene expression were also investigated. Treatment with polyamine analogous, 2d or PG11144, significantly increases global histone 3 dimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me2), as well as altering gene expression. There are 274 and 625 genes changed at least 2-fold after treatment with 2d and PG11144 respectively. The genes’ expression levels of twelve 2d up-regulated and fourteen PG11144 up-regulated genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that up-regulated gene expression by polyamine analogous is associated with up-regulated active histone marks (H3K4me, H3K4me2 and ActH3K9) and down-regulated repressive histone marks (H3K9me2 and H3K27me3) in the promoter regions of the relevant target genes. Supported by NIH CA 88843, CA51085, Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and Komen for the Cure KG080923. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4877.
Adjuvant Treatment for Early Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Intraperitoneal <sup>32</sup>P or Intravenous Cyclophosphamide and Cisplatin—A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Robert C. Young, Mark F. Brady, Roberta K. Nieberg, Harry J. Long, Allan R. Mayer, Samuel S. Lentz, Jean Hurteau, David S. Alberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To conduct a prospective study of intraperitoneal radioactive chromic phosphate (32P) versus cyclophosphamide-cisplatin (CP) in women with early ovarian cancer at high risk for recurrence (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage Ia or Ib grade 3 or Ic or stage II, no macroscopic residual disease) and to compare cumulative incidence of recurrence, overall survival, and relative toxicity.A total of 251 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with 32P or CP. Twenty-two (8.7%) were ineligible following centralized pathology review. Of the 229 patients included in the analysis, 110 received 32P, and 119 received CP.The cumulative incidence of recurrence at 10 years was 35% (95% CI, 27% to 45%) for patients receiving 32P and 28% (95% CI, 21% to 38%) for those receiving CP. Patients receiving CP had a recurrence rate 29% lower than that of those receiving 32P (P =.15, two-tail test). The death rate for patients treated with CP was 17% lower than that for patients treated with 32P (difference not significant). Combining both arms, the 10-year cumulative incidence of recurrence for all stage I patients was 27% (95% CI, 20% to 34%) compared with 44% (95% CI, 32% to 56%) for stage II patients (P =.01). Both regimens were reasonably well tolerated, but problems with inadequate distribution (7%) and small-bowel perforation (3%) make the otherwise less toxic 32P less acceptable.Although there are no statistically significant differences in survival, the lower cumulative recurrence seen with CP and complications of 32P administration make platinum-based combinations the preferred adjuvant therapy for early ovarian cancer patients at high-risk for recurrence.
Description of a novel MDR3 gene mutation causing juvenil cholelithiasis, cholelithiasis of pregnancy and adulthood biliary cirrhosis. A family study
Authors: J.F. Lucena, J.I. Herrero, J. Quiroga, B. Sangro, J. Garcia-Foncillas, N. Zabalegui, J. Sola, M. Herraiz, J.F. Medina, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Factors contributing to mortality in paracetamol-induced hepatic failure.
Authors: J Canalese, A E Gimson, M Davis, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Fifty patients with fulminant hepatic failure from paracetamol overdose were reviewed retrospectively to determine whether there had been any avoidable delays in treatment with protective agents, or other preventable factors which could contribute to the high mortality. Only nine were admitted to the local hospital early enough (within 12 hours) to benefit from protective agents, and only three of these were treated. Treatment was delayed in two patients while the results of plasma paracetamol concentrations were awaited. Signs of grade 3 hepatic encephalopathy were never found until 72 hours after the overdose, and sudden deterioration in consciousness at an earlier stage was due either to the sedative effects of drugs or to hypoglycaemia, which in one patient went unrecognised for 24 hours. A rapid deterioration in prothrombin time, which became prolonged by at least 25 seconds at 48 hours, preceded the onset of grade 3 encephalopathy, and this is the time at which transfer should be arranged to avoid the danger of brain-stem coning. This occurred more rapidly in those transferred at a later stage of their illness.
A Prospective Study on Habitual Duration of Sleep and Incidence of Breast Cancer in a Large Cohort of Women
Authors: Simone P. Pinheiro, Eva S. Schernhammer, Shelley S. Tworoger, Karin B. Michels
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Mounting evidence suggests habitual sleep duration is associated with various health outcomes; both short and long sleep duration have been implicated in increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and all-cause mortality. However, data on the relation between sleep duration and cancer risk are sparse and inconclusive. A link between low levels of melatonin, a hormone closely related to sleep, and increased risk of breast cancer has recently been suggested but it is unclear whether duration of sleep may affect breast cancer risk. We explored the association between habitual sleep duration reported in 1986 and subsequent risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study using Cox proportional hazards models. During 16 years of follow-up, 4,223 incident cases of breast cancer occurred among 77,418 women in this cohort. Compared with women sleeping 7 hours, covariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for those sleeping ≤5, 6, 8, and ≥9 hours were 0.93 (0.79-1.09), 0.98 (0.91-1.06), 1.05 (0.97-1.13), and 0.95 (0.82-1.11), respectively. A moderate trend in risk increase towards longer sleep duration was observed when analyses were restricted to participants who reported same sleep duration in 1986 and 2000 (Ptrend = 0.05). In this prospective study, we found no convincing evidence for an association between sleep duration and the incidence of breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5521-25)
CAT-LIKE PUPILS IN MAN
Authors: J. C. Hoyle
Journal: BMJ (1915)

UTNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES.[MT JOURcA 53I m:ust be carefully clhosen, if we are to avoid failure.Fruitless vain punctures are disappointineg for the patient.In this connexion I tliink onie caunot over-emuphasize the
Pathology and Pathophysiology of AIDS and HIV-Related Diseases
Authors: Carlos del Rio
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>Pathology of AIDS: Textbook and Atlas of Diseases Associated with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, by Harry L. Ioachim, 243 pp, with 450 illus, $149.50, Philadelphia, Pa, JB Lippincott, 1989.</h3> Less than a decade has passed since the first descriptions in the literature of a newly identified entity, now known as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Its epidemic growth has caused an epidemic of publications on all its aspects (medical, legal, psychosocial, etc). Few of the medical textbooks on AIDS are so comprehensive and well written as the one edited by Harawi and O'Hara. The text is very complete with a good selection of references up to 1988. Thanks to superb editing, the book is easy to read and has minimal repetition of topics (which can easily occur when the same pathological process appears in different organs). The tables are appropriate and the illustrations are excellent. The book starts with a
Double-Blind Study of the Safety of Clopidogrel With and Without a Loading Dose in Combination With Aspirin Compared With Ticlopidine in Combination With Aspirin After Coronary Stenting
Authors: Michel E. Bertrand, Hans-Jürgen Rupprecht, Philip Urban, Anthony H. Gershlick, for the CLASSICS Investigators
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Combination therapy with the ADP receptor antagonist ticlopidine plus aspirin has emerged as standard care after coronary stenting. Clopidogrel, a new ADP receptor antagonist, has greater molar potency than ticlopidine and better safety/tolerability. Methods and Results —Patients (n=1020) were randomized after successful stent placement and initiated on a 28-day regimen of either (1) 300-mg clopidogrel loading dose and 325 mg/d aspirin on day 1, followed by 75 mg/d clopidogrel and 325 mg/d aspirin; (2) 75 mg/d clopidogrel and 325 mg/d aspirin; or (3) 250 mg BID ticlopidine and 325 mg/d aspirin. The primary end point consisted of major peripheral or bleeding complications, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or early discontinuation of study drug as the result of a noncardiac adverse event during the study-drug treatment period. The primary end point occurred in 9.1% of patients (n=31) in the ticlopidine group and 4.6% of patients (n=31) in the combined clopidogrel group (relative risk 0.50; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.81; P =0.005). Overall rates of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization) were low and comparable between treatment groups (0.9% with ticlopidine, 1.5% with 75 mg/d clopidogrel, 1.2% with the clopidogrel loading dose; P =NS for all comparisons). Conclusions —The safety/tolerability of clopidogrel (plus aspirin) is superior to that of ticlopidine (plus aspirin) ( P =0.005). The 300-mg loading dose was well tolerated, notably with no increased risk of bleeding. Secondary end point data are consistent with the hypothesis that clopidogrel and ticlopidine have comparable efficacy with regard to cardiac events after successful stenting.