tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coexpression of ATP-binding cassette proteins ABCG5 and ABCG8 permits their transport to the apical surface
Authors: Gregory A. Graf, Wei-Ping Li, Robert D. Gerard, Ingrid Gelissen, Ann White, Jonathan C. Cohen, Helen H. Hobbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Mutations in either ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G5 or ABCG8 cause sitosterolemia, an autosomal recessive disorder of sterol trafficking. To determine the site of action of ABCG5 and ABCG8, we expressed recombinant, epitope-tagged mouse ABCG5 and ABCG8 in cultured cells. Both ABCG5 and ABCG8 underwent N-linked glycosylation. When either protein was expressed individually in cells, the N-linked sugars remained sensitive to Endoglycosidase H (Endo H). When ABCG5 and ABCG8 were coexpressed, the attached sugars were Endo H-resistant and neuraminidase-sensitive, indicating that the proteins were transported to the trans-Golgi complex. The mature, glycosylated forms of ABCG5 and ABCG8 coimmunoprecipitated, consistent with heterodimerization of these two proteins. The Endo H-sensitive forms of ABCG5 and ABCG8 were confined to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the mature forms were present in non-ER fractions in cultured hepatocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed ABCG5 and ABCG8 on the plasma membrane of these cells. In polarized WIF-B cells, recombinant ABCG5 localized to the apical (canalicular) membrane when coexpressed with ABCG8, but not when expressed alone. To our knowledge this is the first direct demonstration that trafficking of an ABC half-transporter to the cell surface requires the presence of its dimerization partner.
Oncogenic Partnerships: EWS-FLI1 Protein Interactions Initiate Key Pathways of Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Hayriye V. Erkizan, Vladimir N. Uversky, Jeffrey A. Toretsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Targeted therapy for cancer, which is specifically directed toward the cancer without any potential for effects outside of controlling the tumor, is a gold standard for treatment. Ewing's sarcoma contains the potential target EWS-FLI1, as a result of a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation. The EWS-FLI1 fusion protein includes the EWS domain, a potent transcriptional activator alongside the highly conserved FLI1 ets DNA-binding domain. Because of the combination of these domains, the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein acts as an aberrant transcription factor whose expression results in cellular transformation. EWS-FLI1 functions by binding to normal cellular protein partners in transcription and splicing, similar to how a virus would corrupt normal cellular machinery for virion production. Therefore, understanding the protein-protein interactions of EWS-FLI1 and the pathways that are regulated by these partnerships will inform both oncogenesis and therapeutics. This review describes the known protein partners and transcriptional targets of EWS-FLI1, while proposing strategies for exploiting these partnerships with targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 16(16); 4077–83. ©2010 AACR.
Extramedullary haemopoiesis in the small bowel.
Authors: B K Sharma, R E Pounder, J P Cruse, S M Knowles, A A Lewis
Journal: Gut (1986)

A patient with myelofibrosis developed repeated gastrointestinal haemorrhage from the small intestine, which was found to be infiltrated with extramedullary haemopoiesis. Nineteen months later he presented with subacute intestinal obstruction; radiology and laparotomy documented progressive infiltration of the small bowel. Histological examination of the resected terminal ileum showed patchy mucosal ulceration, with underlying submucosal and serosal extramedullary haemopoiesis.
Coeliac disease and hypertransaminasaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: A. Sainsbury, D. S. Sanders, A. C. Ford
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Several studies have suggested a positive association between coeliac disease (CD) and hypertransaminasaemia, but no single study has systematically synthesised all available evidence examining this issue. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of CD in adults presenting with cryptogenic hypertransaminasaemia, as well as the prevalence of hypertransaminasaemia in patients with newly-diagnosed CD. <h3>Methods</h3> MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched (up to September 2010) to identify case series and case-control studies (sample size &gt;90) that applied serological tests and/or distal duodenal biopsy to unselected adult patients (&gt;90% aged 16 years or over) with cryptogenic hypertransaminasaemia. The proportion of individuals with abnormal serum transaminases who had either positive coeliac serology, or biopsy-proven CD, were combined to give a pooled prevalence, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Studies of patients with newly-diagnosed biopsy-proven CD that applied tests of liver function were also eligible. The pooled prevalence of hypertransaminasaemia among newly-diagnosed CD patients was calculated with 95% CIs. <h3>Results</h3> The search identified 2705 citations. Of these, 31 appeared relevant and were retrieved for evaluation. Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion, with excellent agreement between investigators (Kappa = 0.86). Six studies, involving 919 patients, reported the prevalence of positive coeliac serology or biopsy-proven CD in patients with cryptogenic hypertransaminasaemia, with a pooled prevalence of 5.9% (95% CI 2.7% to 10.3%). Five studies excluded other causes of abnormal serum transaminases prior to screening for CD. When only these five studies were analysed, the pooled prevalence increased to 6.4% (95% CI 2.6% to 11.7%). The pooled prevalence of biopsy-proven CD in cryptogenic hypertransaminasaemia in the 6 studies was 3.6% (95% CI 1.4% to 7.0%) and 4.1% (95% CI 1.4% to 8.2%) in the five studies that first excluded other causes of abnormal transaminases. A further six studies, involving 1830 patients, reported the frequency of abnormal serum transaminases in newly-diagnosed CD, with a pooled prevalence of 22% (95% CI 8% to 39%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> More than 20% of individuals with newly-diagnosed CD may have abnormal serum transaminases. The prevalence of CD in individuals with hypertransaminasaemia is between 3% and 4%, suggesting that routine screening for CD in this group of patients may be worthwhile. However, yield may be lower in individuals in whom other potential causes of hypertransaminasaemia have not already been excluded.
Intravenous Administration of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice
Authors: Chunsun Dai, Junwei Yang, Sheldon Bastacky, Jinglin Xia, Yingjian Li, Youhua Liu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by progressive loss of renal function, persistent proteinuria, and relentless accumulation of extracellular matrix leading to glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. This study investigated the potential effects of long-term expression of exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on normal and diabetic kidneys. Intravenous injection of human HGF gene via naked plasmid vector resulted in abundant HGF protein specifically localized in renal glomeruli, despite an extremely low level of transgene mRNA in the kidney. In uninephrectomized mice made diabetic with streptozotocin, delivery of exogenous HGF gene ameliorated the progression of diabetic nephropathy. HGF attenuated urine albumin and total protein excretion in diabetic mice. Exogenous HGF also mitigated glomerular mesangial expansion, reduced fibronectin and type I collagen deposition, and prevented interstitial myofibroblast activation. In addition, HGF prevented kidney cells from apoptotic death in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium. Moreover, expression of HGF inhibited renal expression of TGF-β1 and reduced urine level of TGF-β1 protein. Therefore, despite the effects of HGF on diabetic nephropathy being controversial, these observations suggest that supplementation of HGF is beneficial in ameliorating diabetic renal insufficiency in mice.
Gene Coexpression Networks Reveal Key Drivers of Phenotypic Divergence in Lake Whitefish
Authors: Marie Filteau, Scott A. Pavey, Jérôme St-Cyr, Louis Bernatchez
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

A functional understanding of processes involved in adaptive divergence is one of the awaiting opportunities afforded by high-throughput transcriptomic technologies. Functional analysis of coexpressed genes has succeeded in the biomedical field in identifying key drivers of disease pathways. However, in ecology and evolutionary biology, functional interpretation of transcriptomic data is still limited. Here, we used Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules of coexpressed genes in muscle and brain tissue of a lake whitefish backcross progeny. Modules were connected to gradients of known adaptive traits involved in the ecological speciation process between benthic and limnetic ecotypes. Key drivers, that is, hub genes of functional modules related to reproduction, growth, and behavior were identified, and module preservation was assessed in natural populations. Using this approach, we identified modules of coexpressed genes involved in phenotypic divergence and their key drivers, and further identified a module part specifically rewired in the backcross progeny. Functional analysis of transcriptomic data can significantly contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecological speciation. Our findings point to bone morphogenetic protein and calcium signaling as common pathways involved in coordinated evolution of trophic behavior, trophic morphology (gill rakers), and reproduction. Results also point to pathways implicating hemoglobins and constitutive stress response (HSP70) governing growth in lake whitefish.
The Fix-It Man
Authors: Gregory D Williams
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impaired selectin-ligand biosynthesis and reduced inflammatory responses in β-1,4-galactosyltransferase-I–deficient mice
Authors: Masahide Asano, Susumu Nakae, Norihiro Kotani, Naoki Shirafuji, Aya Nambu, Noriyoshi Hashimoto, Hiroto Kawashima, Mayumi Hirose, Masayuki Miyasaka, Seiichi Takasaki, Yoichiro Iwakura
Journal: Blood (2003)
Helicobacter pylori infection potentiates aspirin induced gastric mucosal injury in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: N Yoshida
Journal: Gut (2002)

Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are two major causes of gastric ulceration but interactions between H pylori and these drugs in gastric mucosal injury are unclear.We studied the influence of experimental H pylori infection on gastric mucosal injury induced by aspirin.Male Mongolian gerbils free of specific pathogens were used.H pylori ATCC43504 culture broth was administered by oral gavage at seven weeks of age. After three weeks, acidified aspirin (400 mg/kg) was administered orally, and three hours later the total area of gastric erosions, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (an index of neutrophil accumulation), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, an index of lipid peroxidation), and KC/GRO (a chemoattractive cytokine in rodents) were measured in gastric mucosa. To determine the role of neutrophils in these circumstances, antigerbil neutrophil rabbit serum (ANS) was administered to some animals 18 hours before aspirin.Aspirin caused more extensive haemorrhagic erosions (33.1 (12.3) mm2) associated with greater MPO activity (1887.7 (598.5) microU/mg protein) and TBARS (0.33 (0.14) nmol/mg protein) and KC/GRO concentrations (28.3 (9.5) pg/mg protein) in infected than in uninfected gerbils (13.7 (2.3); 204.0 (68.9); 0.12 (0.06); 3.1 (0.8), respectively) Pretreatment with ANS inhibited the increases in gastric erosions, MPO activity, and TBARS but not KC/GRO concentration. The reduction in aspirin induced mucosal injury by administration of ANS was much greater in H pylori infected animals (65%) than in uninfected animals (31%).H pylori infection potentiates aspirin induced gastric mucosal injury by mechanisms that include accumulation of activated neutrophils.
Intermittent claudication as a predictor of outcome in patients with ischaemic systolic heart failure: analysis of the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure trial (CORONA)
Authors: Sally C. Inglis, John J.V. McMurray, Michael Böhm, Maria Schaufelberger, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Magnus Lindberg, Peter Dunselman, Åke Hjalmarson, John Kjekshus, Finn Waagstein, Hans Wedel, John Wikstrand
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision: a Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG) randomized phase III trial
Authors: A.J. Breugom, W. van Gijn, E.W. Muller, Å. Berglund, C.B.M. van den Broek, T. Fokstuen, H. Gelderblom, E. Kapiteijn, J.W.H. Leer, C.A.M. Marijnen, H. Martijn, E. Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg, I.D. Nagtegaal, L. Påhlman, C.J.A. Punt, H. Putter, A.G.H. Roodvoets, H.J.T. Rutten, W.H. Steup, B. Glimelius, C.J.H. van de Velde
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Provider-Patient Partnerships
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes2 April 2002Provider-Patient PartnershipsJack Coulehan, MD, MPHJack Coulehan, MD, MPHState University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Meldrum H, Hardy ML. 147 pages. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2001. $21.95. ISBN 0750673346. Order phone 781-904-2500.Field of medicine: Clinician–patient interaction and communication skills.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians who desire to improve their ability to handle difficult situations and feelings that arise in ordinary patient encounters, especially in managed care settings.Purpose: To provide a practical, case-based resource for interested physicians to improve their interactive skills.Content: The first chapter presents a brief overview of essential interviewing skills. Subsequent chapters are topical, including setting limits, improving patient adherence, telling bad news, defusing anger, and dealing with other sensitive ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDisparities in A1C Levels Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Adults With Diabetes: A meta-analysis 2 April 2002Volume 136, Issue 7Page: 564KeywordsCaregiversEmotionsPhysiciansPrimary care physiciansSoftware tools ePublished: 2 April 2002 Issue Published: 2 April 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sequence Variation and Genomic Amplification of a Family of Gypsy-like Elements in the Oomycete Genus Phytophthora
Authors: Howard S. Judelson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

A family of sequences resembling Gypsy retroelements was identified and shown to be widely distributed throughout the genus Phytophthora, a member of the algallike oomycete fungi. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific and degenerate primers detected the family in 29 of 37 species tested. DNA hybridization also failed to detect the sequences in the eight species that were negative in PCR. The element appears to have been a major force in the shaping of Phytophthora genomes because its abundance varied drastically from about 10 to more than 10,000 copies per genome within the species containing the element. Family members diverged from each other by single-base changes, insertions, and deletions, with a mean nucleotide divergence of 16.7%. By constructing phylogenies of the elements, lineages were identified that predated speciation events within Phytophthora and subfamilies that had diverged more recently. The element was studied in detail in Phytophthora infestans, in which about 30 copies are dispersed throughout the genome. Phylogenetic comparisons of the reverse transcriptases placed the family within the Ty3/Gypsy group of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, with the closest affinities to elements from plants. However, each of 12 family members sequenced contained defects that would render their protein products inactive, including frameshift mutations within reverse transcriptase domains and truncations that appeared to eliminate gag, protease, and terminal repeat sequences.
On Locomotor Ataxy
Authors: J. L. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1869)

air which prevents this occurring each time we shake up water in a phial, while in the partial vacum of the water-hammer, the beautifully elastic cushion of the air has been purposely removed.The conclusion to be drawn from these ohservations is, that it is not safe to explore the interior of the bladder in the female with a catheter or hollow sound, while there is any chance of the fluid escaping and being suddenly stopped during the operation.This rule does not apply to the case of the male bladder, on account of a male catheter being generally so much curved as to prevent the urine flowing through it at any great velocity.If, however, in examining the bladder for stone, we always use a solid sound, there can be no such error; or if, which is in effect the same, we keep the plug in the hollow one while it is moved about in the bladder, these concussions will not occur, and a possible fault of diagnosis will be avoided.Jl
Formation of Solo-LTRs Through Unequal Homologous Recombination Counterbalances Amplifications of LTR Retrotransposons in Rice Oryza sativa L.
Authors: C. Vitte
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

We studied the dynamics of hopi, Retrosat1, and RIRE3, three gypsy-like long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, in Oryza sativa L. genome. For each family, we assessed the phenetic relationships of the copies and estimated the date of insertion of the complete copies through the evaluation of their LTR divergence. We show that within each family, distinct phenetic groups have inserted at significantly different times, within the past 5 Myr and that two major amplification events may have occurred during this period. We show that solo-LTR formation through homologous unequal recombination has occurred in rice within the past 5 Myr for the three elements. We thus propose an increase/decrease model for rice genome evolution, in which both amplification and recombination processes drive variations in genome size.
Long-Term Dual Blockade With Candesartan and Lisinopril in Hypertensive Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Niels H. Andersen, Per. L Poulsen, Søren T. Knudsen, Steen H. Poulsen, Hans Eiskjær, Klavs W. Hansen, Kjeld Helleberg, Carl E. Mogensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To assess and compare the long-term effects of the combination of candesartan and lisinopril with high-dose lisinopril on systolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension and diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study with a 12-month follow-up. Drug therapy was either lisinopril 40 mg once daily or dual-blockade treatment with candesartan 16 mg once daily and lisinopril 20 mg once daily. The study comprised 75 type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients aged 35–74 years. The main outcome measures were seated and 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure. RESULTS—Reduction in systolic blood pressure (24-h systolic blood pressure) reduction was obtained in both treatment arms (mean reduction at final follow-up: dual blockade 6 mmHg vs. lisinopril 2 mmHg), but no significant difference was found between dual-blockade and lisinopril 40 mg once daily (P = 0.10). Both treatments were generally well tolerated, and similar low rates of side effects were found in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS—There was no statistically significant difference between lisinopril 40 mg once daily and lisinopril 20 mg in combination with candesartan 16 mg once daily in reducing systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with diabetes.
Incidences of vaccine-preventable Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia and meningitis in Indonesian children: hamlet-randomised vaccine-probe trial
Authors: Bradford D Gessner, Agustinus Sutanto, Mary Linehan, I Gusti Gede Djelantik, Tracy Fletcher, I Komang Gerudug, None Ingerani, David Mercer, Vanda Moniaga, Lawrence H Moulton, Kim Mulholland, Carib Nelson, Soewignjo Soemohardjo, Mark Steinhoff, Anton Widjaya, Philippe Stoeckel, James Maynard, Soemarjati Arjoso
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Pathophysiological responses to meals in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: 2. Gastric emptying and its effect on duodenal function.
Authors: J R Malagelada
Journal: Gut (1980)

In this study, we investigated the relationship between gastric emptying and duodenal events in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to a gastrinoma. Like the inhibitory effect of a meal on gastric secretion (described in a companion paper), postprandial inhibition of gastric emptying reduces fractional gastric emptying rates to normal during the first two hours after a meal. Gastric discharges of content into the duodenum fluctuate considerably, and, in some patients, duodenal acid load and neutralising duodenal secretions appear to be incoordinated. These mechanisms interact in part as a protective system that maintains reasonably normal duodenal homeostasis in most Zollinger-Ellison patients during the early postprandial period. Our data may explain why clinical evidence of overt-malabsorption is less prevalent and severe in these patients than would be expected from their enormously increased fasting gastric secretory outputs.
A subject with a novel type I bare lymphocyte syndrome has tapasin deficiency due to deletion of 4 exons by Alu-mediated recombination
Authors: Toshio Yabe, Sumiyo Kawamura, Masako Sato, Koichi Kashiwase, Hidenori Tanaka, Yoshihide Ishikawa, Yoji Asao, Junko Oyama, Kazuma Tsuruta, Katsushi Tokunaga, Kenji Tadokoro, Takeo Juji
Journal: Blood (2002)