tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal Lifestyle Factors in Pregnancy Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Associated Behaviors: Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Karen Markussen Linnet, Søren Dalsgaard, Carsten Obel, Kirsten Wisborg, Tine Brink Henriksen, Alina Rodriguez, Arto Kotimaa, Irma Moilanen, Per Hove Thomsen, Jørn Olsen, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

The purpose of this review was to examine the literature assessing the relationship between prenatal exposure to nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and psychosocial stress during pregnancy to the risk of developing behavioral problems related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood.PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched systematically. Studies using DSM diagnostic criteria and other validated diagnostic or screening instruments for ADHD and those examining ADHD symptoms were included. A narrative approach was used because the studies differed too much in methods and data sources to permit a quantitative meta-analysis.Twenty-four studies on nicotine (tobacco smoking), nine on alcohol, one on caffeine, and five on psychosocial stress were identified. All were published between 1973 and 2002. In spite of inconsistencies, the studies on nicotine indicated a greater risk of ADHD-related disorders among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Contradictory findings were reported in the alcohol studies, and no conclusion could be reached on the basis of the caffeine study. Results from studies on psychological stress during pregnancy were inconsistent but indicated a possible modest contribution to ADHD symptoms in the offspring. Many studies suffered from methodological shortcomings, such as recall bias, crude or inaccurate exposure assessments, low statistical power, and lack of or insufficient control of confounders. A general lack of information on familial psychopathology also limited the interpretations.Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero is suspected to be associated with ADHD and ADHD symptoms in children. Other maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy may also be associated with these disorders. Further studies are needed to reach conclusions.
Cardioprotection by H2S engages a cGMP-dependent protein kinase G/phospholamban pathway
Authors: Sofia-Iris Bibli, Ioanna Andreadou, Athanasia Chatzianastasiou, Christos Tzimas, Despina Sanoudou, Evangelia Kranias, Peter Brouckaert, Ciro Coletta, Csaba Szabo, Dimitrios Th. Kremastinos, Efstathios K. Iliodromitis, Andreas Papapetropoulos
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsH2S is known to confer cardioprotection; however, the pathways mediating its effects in vivo remain incompletely understood. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the contribution of cGMP-regulated pathways in the infarct-limiting effect of H2S in vivo.
Dysglycaemia in the critically ill and the interaction of chronic and acute glycaemia with mortality
Authors: Mark P. Plummer, Rinaldo Bellomo, Caroline E. Cousins, Christopher E. Annink, Krishnaswamy Sundararajan, Benjamin A. J. Reddi, John P. Raj, Marianne J. Chapman, Michael Horowitz, Adam M. Deane
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Prolonged Administration of Azacitidine With or Without Entinostat for Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Myelodysplasia-Related Changes: Results of the US Leukemia Intergroup Trial E1905
Authors: Thomas Prebet, Zhuoxin Sun, Maria E. Figueroa, Rhett Ketterling, Ari Melnick, Peter L. Greenberg, James Herman, Mark Juckett, Eunice S. Wang, Mitchell R. Smith, Lisa Malick, Elisabeth Paietta, Magdalena Czader, Mark Litzow, Janice Gabrilove, Harry P. Erba, Steven D. Gore, Martin S. Tallman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Although azacitidine (AZA) improves survival in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, the overall response remains approximately 50%. Entinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been combined with AZA with significant clinical activity in a previous phase I dose finding study.Open label phase II randomized trial comparing AZA 50 mg/m(2)/d given for 10 days ± entinostat 4 mg/m(2)/d day 3 and day 10. All subtypes of myelodysplasia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes were eligible for the study. The primary objective was the rate of hematologic normalization (HN; complete remission + partial remission + trilineage hematological improvement).One hundred forty-nine patients were analyzed, including 97 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and 52 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. In the AZA group, 32% (95% CI, 22% to 44%) experienced HN and 27% (95% CI, 17% to 39%) in the AZA + entinostat group. Both arms exceeded the HN rate of historical control (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9221 trial), but only the AZA group fulfilled the primary objective of the study. Rates of overall hematologic response were 46% and 44%, respectively. Median overall survivals were 18 months for the AZA group and 13 months for the AZA + entinostat group. The combination arm led to less demethylation compared with the monotherapy arm, suggesting pharmacodynamic antagonism.Addition of entinostat to AZA did not increase clinical response as defined by the protocol and was associated with pharmacodynamic antagonism. However, the prolonged administration of AZA by itself seems to increase HN rate compared with standard dosing and warrants additional investigation.
Ann Mary Rathie Guldberg (née Black)
Authors: Christopher H Cameron
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant psychiatrist Royal Edinburgh Hospital, previously Dingleton Hospital, Melrose (b 1938; q Edinburgh 1963; BSc (Hons) Pharmacology, MRCPsych), died from a heart attack on 28 April 2006.



Figure 1



Rathie, as she came to be universally known, was educated and qualified in Edinburgh, whence she moved with her husband (fellow medical student Hans Guldberg) to Norway. She entered the general practice professorial unit, University of Bergen, in 1974, and from 1976 to 1981 specialised in psychiatry in the University of Trondheim Psychiatric Hospital. She was appointed consultant psychiatrist at Dingleton Hospital, Melrose, in 1982. In 1995 she joined the staff of the Royal Edinburgh Hospital, where she worked as a consultant in general adult psychiatry, and from 1996 to retirement in 2002 in the psychiatry of old age. She leaves a husband, Hans; five children; and six grandchildren.
Capacity to Consent to Research Participation in Adults With Malignant Glioma
Authors: Daniel C. Marson, Roy C. Martin, Kristen L. Triebel, Louis B. Nabors
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

To investigate research consent capacity (RCC) in patients with malignant gliomas (MGs) and identify cognitive abilities and clinical factors associated with RCC in MG.Participants were 22 healthy controls and 26 patients with diagnosed and histologically verified MG. All patients with MG were receiving various combinations of treatment (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, medication). Both groups were administered a neurocognitive test battery and a standardized RCC measure (Capacity to Consent to Research Instrument [CCRI]). Capacity performance was evaluated across four core consent abilities (choice, appreciation, reasoning, understanding), and categorical capacity impairment ratings (no impairment, mild/moderate impairment, severe impairment) were also identified for individual patients with MG. Stepwise regression analyses identified cognitive predictors of CCRI performance in the MG group.The MG patient group performed significantly below the control group on the three clinically relevant consent standards (appreciation, reasoning, and understanding). Patients with MG performed equivalently to controls in evidencing a simple research participation choice. Approximately one third of patients with MG showed compromised impairment ratings (mild/moderate impairment or severe impairment) on the three consent abilities. Cognitive measures of phonemic and semantic word fluency predicted performance on the consent standards. Steroid treatment and anticonvulsant use were related to poorer CCRI performance.A substantial portion of patients with MG after diagnosis show impairments in research consent capacity. Word fluency measures reflecting expressive language and executive function abilities are strongly associated with these consent impairments. This study highlights the importance of careful attention to consent issues when enrolling patients with MG in clinical trials and other research studies.
Expression of Telomere-Associated Genes as Prognostic Markers for Overall Survival in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Xin Lin, Jian Gu, Charles Lu, Margaret R. Spitz, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Human telomeres, which are composed of long, repetitive sequences of TTAGGG and a variety of proteins, function as a protective structure capping the ends of chromosomes. Telomere dysfunction plays important roles in cancer initiation and progression. TRF1, TRF2, POT1, and RAP1 are four major telomere proteins that regulate telomere stability and telomere length. We hypothesized that the expression of these genes would have significant predictive value for cancer development and prognosis. Experimental Design: We compared the mRNA expression level of TRF1, TRF2, POT1, and RAP1 between tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 148 patients with non–small cell lung cancer using real-time quantitative PCR. We then estimated the prognostic value of the mRNA expression of these genes in tumors. Results: The expression level of TRF1 was significantly lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P &amp;lt; 0.0001); no significant difference was found for TRF2, POT1, and RAP1. The expression of RAP1 gene in tumors was highly predictive of overall survival. In the Cox proportional hazards model, patients with higher RAP1 expression were associated with a significantly better survival [hazard ratio (HR), 0.47; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.24-0.91]. This improved survival was more prominent in men (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.996) and in ever smokers (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24-1.02). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with higher RAP1 expression had significantly longer median survival than patients with lower expression (median = 51.21 versus 15.34 months, P &amp;lt; 0.0009). The expressions of TRF2 in tumor tissues were significantly correlated with tumor grades (P = 0.0114). Conclusions: RAP1 expression may be a useful biomarker of tumor progression and survival.
Contribution of Sequential and Conformational IgE-Binding Epitopes to the Allergenicity of Major Peanut Allergen Ara h 2
Authors: Stephane Hazebrouck, Blanche Guillon, Marie-Françoise Drumare, Evelyne Paty, Jean-Michel Wal, Herve Bernard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
TCT-616 Attenuation Analysis Of The ‘Sealing Effect’ And Plaque Morphology 5 Years After Implantation Of The Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold. An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Nienke S. van Ditzhuijzen, Cihan Simsek, Raphael Freire, Jouke Dijkstra, Gijs van Soest, Felix Zijlstra, Robert J. Van Geuns, Evelyn Regar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
THE PATHOGENESIS OF MENINGOCOCCUS MENINGITIS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO
Authors: G. John Buddingh, Alice D. Polk
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. A microscopic and bacteriological analysis of the meningitis produced in the chick embryo following inoculation of meningococci into the body wall or into the amniotic cavity indicates that the meninges are invaded by way of the blood stream. 2. There is no indication that a direct extension of the infection by way of the middle ear, the cranial sinuses or the pia-arachnoid sheath of the olfactory nerves to the meninges takes place.
Chemiluminescent Detection of Oxidants in Vascular Tissue
Authors: Margaret M. Tarpey, C. Roger White, Edward Suarez, Gloria Richardson, Rafael Radi, Bruce A. Freeman
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence has frequently been used to assess the formation of superoxide in vascular tissues. However, the ability of lucigenin to undergo redox cycling in purified enzyme-substrate mixtures has raised questions concerning the use of lucigenin as an appropriate probe for the measurement of superoxide production. Addition of lucigenin to reaction mixtures of xanthine oxidase plus NADH resulted in increased oxygen consumption, as well as superoxide dismutase–inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c , indicative of enhanced rates of superoxide formation. Additionally, it was revealed that lucigenin stimulated oxidant formation by both cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and isolated rings from rat aorta. Lucigenin treatment resulted in enhanced hydrogen peroxide release from endothelial cells, whereas exposure to lucigenin resulted in inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated aortic rings that was superoxide dismutase inhibitable. In contrast, the chemiluminescent probe coelenterazine had no significant effect on xanthine oxidase–dependent oxygen consumption, endothelial cell hydrogen peroxide release, or endothelium-dependent relaxation. Study of enzyme and vascular systems indicated that coelenterazine chemiluminescence is a sensitive marker for detecting both superoxide and peroxynitrite.
Heparin Elevates Circulating Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 Immunoreactivity in Pregnant Women Receiving Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Victor A. Rosenberg, Irina A. Buhimschi, Charles J. Lockwood, Michael J. Paidas, Antonette T. Dulay, Wenda Ramma, Sonya S. Abdel-Razeq, Guomao Zhao, Shakil Ahmad, Asif Ahmed, Catalin S. Buhimschi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Alterations in circulating levels of pro- and antiangiogenic factors have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Heparin is routinely administered to pregnant women, but without clear knowledge of its impact on these factors.We conducted a longitudinal study of 42 pregnant women. Twenty-one women received prophylactic heparin anticoagulation, and 21 healthy pregnant women served as controls. Compared with gestational age-matched controls, heparin treatment was associated with increased circulating levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) in the third trimester (P<0.05), in the absence of preeclampsia, placental abruption, or fetal growth restriction. Heparin had no effect on circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, placenta growth factor, or soluble endoglin as assessed by ELISA. In vitro, low-molecular weight and unfractionated heparins stimulated sFlt-1 release from placental villous explants, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This effect was not due to placental apoptosis, necrosis, alteration in protein secretion, or increased transcription. Western blot analysis demonstrated that heparin induced shedding of the N-terminus of Flt-1 both in vivo and in vitro as indicated by a predominant band of 100-112 kDa. By using an in vitro angiogenesis assay, we demonstrated that serum of heparin-treated cases inhibited both basal and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced capillary-like tube formation.Heparin likely increases the maternal sFlt-1 through shedding of the extracellular domain of Flt-1 receptor. Our results imply that upregulation of circulating sFlt-1 immunoreactivity in pregnancy is not always associated with adverse outcomes, and that heparin's protective effects, if any, cannot be explained by promotion of angiogenesis.
Selective bone marrow involvement of lymphoplasmacytic cells secreting monoclonal IgA rheumatoid factor in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and serum hyperviscosity.
Authors: C Bergonzi, G.P Merlini, S Morandi, E Bianchini, F Pavesi, V Bellotti, C.M Montecucco, E Ascari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The clinical features and results of serological studies of a patient with Sjögren's syndrome, IgA kappa monoclonal gammopathy, and hyperviscosity syndrome are reported. The novel aspect of this case is the selective localisation to the bone marrow of lymphoplasmacytoid cells secreting IgA kappa morphologically identical to the cells infiltrating the salivary glands. The serum of the patient contained large amounts of immunoglobulin-anti-immunoglobulin immune complexes. By gel filtration chromatography it was shown that the immune complexes formed a peak of molecular weight 680 kilodaltons. The immune complexes were dissociable under acidic conditions. The immunoglobulin with rheumatoid activity was characterised as monoclonal IgA kappa protein. Treatment with plasmapheresis combined with immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide reduced the serum viscosity with concomitant clinical improvement.
Physical and biological triggers of ventilator-induced lung injury and its prevention
Authors: L. Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, P. Cadringher, F. Valenza, F. Vagginelli, D. Chiumello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Ventilator-induced lung injury is a side-effect of mechanical ventilation. Its prevention or attenuation implies knowledge of the sequence of events that lead from mechanical stress to lung inflammation and stress at rupture. A literature review was undertaken which focused on the link between the mechanical forces in the diseased lung and the resulting inflammation/rupture. The distending force of the lung is the transpulmonary pressure. This applied force, in a homogeneous lung, is shared equally by each fibre of the lung's fibrous skeleton. In a nonhomogeneous lung, the collapsed or consolidated regions do not strain, whereas the neighbouring fibres experience excessive strain. Indeed, if the global applied force is excessive, or the fibres near the diseased regions experience excessive stress/strain, biological activation and/or mechanical rupture are observed. Excessive strain activates macrophages and epithelial cells to produce interleukin‐8. This cytokine recruits neutrophils, with consequent full-blown inflammation. In order to prevent initiation of ventilator-induced lung injury, transpulmonary pressure must be kept within the physiological range. The prone position may attenuate ventilator-induced lung injury by increasing the homogeneity of transpulmonary pressure distribution. Positive end-expiratory pressure may prevent ventilator-induced lung injury by keeping open the lung, thus reducing the regional stress/strain maldistribution. If the transpulmonary pressure rather than the tidal volume per kilogram of body weight is taken into account, the contradictory results of the randomised trials dealing with different strategies of mechanical ventilation may be better understood.
Re: Time Trends in Brain Tumor Incidence Rates in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, 1974–2003
Authors: Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg, Fredrik Söderqvist, Kjell Hansson Mild
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

The brief communication on brain tumor incidence in the Nordic countries by Deltour et al. (1) has gained wide media attention in sweden and elsewhere.A typical first page headline in a major swedish newspaper was "Mobile phones do not increased the risk for brain tumors" (2).In that newspaper article, one of the study authors (Dr Feychting) stated that "we could not find any association between brain tumors and mobile phone use."such statements are not scientifically defensible.Meta-analyses of case-control studies show a consistent pattern of increased risk for ipsilateral acoustic neuroma and glioma associated with mobile phone use for 10 or more years (3,4).The tumor
A case of profound hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury
Authors: H. Rahman, P. Dupont, M. Cohen, R. Vancheeswaran
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 58 year old white man presented with a three month history of malaise, poor appetite, aching joints, and constipation. He also reported long standing dyspepsia and often self medicated with antacid tablets bought over the counter. In addition, he described having lower urinary tract symptoms of hesitancy and urgency. His medical history showed that he had been diagnosed with hypertension some years previously and was receiving treatment with a thiazide diuretic (bendroflumethiazide). He had a 20 pack year smoking history and was unemployed. On examination, his pulse was 100 beats/min, blood pressure was 121/75 mm Hg, and he had a low grade fever. He had dry mucous membranes and was mildly disoriented. Cardiovascular examination was normal. Some mild epigastric tenderness was elicited on deep palpation of the abdomen. Neurological examination was normal. The box shows his initial blood test results. Chest radiography was unremarkable. Dipstick urinalysis showed blood +3 and protein +2. Venous blood testing showed pH 7.45, lactate 1.4 mmol/L (1 mmol/L=9.01 mg/dL), and bicarbonate 23 mmol/L. A renal tract ultrasound scan showed preserved renal size and no evidence of obstruction. #### Initial blood test results (reference values in parenthesis)
Molecular Evolution and Network-Level Analysis of the N-Glycosylation Metabolic Pathway Across Primates
Authors: L. Montanucci, H. Laayouni, G. M. Dall'Olio, J. Bertranpetit
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

N-glycosylation is one of the most important forms of protein modification, serving key biological functions in multicellular organisms. N-glycans at the cell surface mediate the interaction between cells and the surrounding matrix and may act as pathogen receptors, making the genes responsible for their synthesis good candidates to show signatures of adaptation to different pathogen environments. Here, we study the forces that shaped the evolution of the genes involved in the synthesis of the N-glycans during the divergence of primates within the framework of their functional network. We have found that, despite their function of producing glycan repertoires capable of evading rapidly evolving pathogens, genes involved in the synthesis of the glycans are highly conserved, and no signals of positive selection have been detected within the time of divergence of primates. This suggests strong functional constraints as the main force driving their evolution. We studied the strength of the purifying selection acting on the genes in relation to the network structure considering the position of each gene along the pathway, its connectivity, and the rates of evolution in neighboring genes. We found a strong and highly significant negative correlation between the strength of purifying selection and the connectivity of each gene, indicating that genes encoding for highly connected enzymes evolve slower and thus are subject to stronger selective constraints. This result confirms that network topology does shape the evolution of the genes and that the connectivity within metabolic pathways and networks plays a major role in constraining evolutionary rates.
Tolerability of Budesonide (BUD)/Formoterol (FM) Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (pMDI): Pooled Adverse Event (AE) Data From Clinical Studies of Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Asthma
Authors: L ROSENWASSER, S PETERS, P VERVAET, C OBRIEN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)