tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>-1α-hydroxylase in subcutaneous fat necrosis
Authors: A. Farooque, C. Moss, D. Zehnder, M. Hewison, N.J. Shaw
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The most serious complication of subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN), a rare condition of the newborn characterized by indurated purple nodules, is hypercalcaemia. However, the mechanism for this hypercalcaemia remains unclear.To determine whether the hypercalcaemia associated with SCFN involves expression of the vitamin D-activating enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-hydroxylase) in affected tissue.Skin biopsies from two male patients with SCFN and hypercalcaemia were taken. The histological specimens were assessed using a polyclonal antibody against 1alpha-hydroxylase.Histology in both cases showed strong expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase protein (brown staining) within the inflammatory infiltrate associated with SCFN. This was consistent with similar experiments in other granulomatous conditions.Hypercalcaemia in SCFN appears to be due to abundant levels of 1alpha-hydroxylase in immune infiltrates associated with tissue lesions. This is consistent with previous observations of extrarenal 1alpha-hydroxylase in skin from other granulomatous conditions such as sarcoidosis and slack skin disease.
Placenta praevia and sex ratio at birth.
Authors: I MacGillivray, D Davey, S Isaacs
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The ratio of male to female sex among infants born to 391 women with and 114 079 without placenta praevia was analysed by parity. In the women without placenta praevia the sex ratio decreased significantly with increasing parity, whereas in the women with placenta praevia it increased. Overall, the sex ratio was increased among the women with placenta praevia, particularly multiparas. An increase in the sex ratio at birth is associated with insemination early or late in the menstrual cycle, which may result in delayed development and implantation of the blastocyst; this may be a predisposing factor in placenta praevia.
Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Mark 35 Years of Health Services Research
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Older Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Walking the Therapeutic Tightrope
Authors: George R. Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

relatively high CR rate (85%) and more prolonged relapse-free survival (23% at 3 years follow-up) with standard induction therapy. 16hus, these particular patients should be offered induction chemotherapy whenever possible.There are, however, many truly functionally older individuals, with significant medical, social, and economic comorbidities, for whom intensive approaches are neither feasible nor appropriate.This type of clinical situation requires long and thoughtful conversations among experienced clinicians and patients and their families, with the pace at which the leukemia is progressing as a major consideration.Overall, the instinct should be to treat-with the goal of achieving remission and/or improvement of blood counts-rather than to search for reasons why treatment should not be given.On the basis of the results reported in this issue of JCO, decitabine and azacytidine can be beneficial for some of these patients.
Ambient Carbon Monoxide and Fine Particulate Matter in Relation to Preeclampsia and Preterm Delivery in Western Washington State
Authors: Carole B. Rudra, Michelle A. Williams, Lianne Sheppard, Jane Q. Koenig, Melissa A. Schiff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Preterm delivery and preeclampsia are common adverse pregnancy outcomes that have been inconsistently associated with ambient air pollutant exposures.We aimed to prospectively examine relations between exposures to ambient carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] and risks of preeclampsia and preterm delivery.We used data from 3,509 western Washington women who delivered infants between 1996 and 2006. We predicted ambient CO and PM2.5 exposures using regression models based on regional air pollutant monitoring data. Models contained predictor terms for year, month, weather, and land use characteristics. We evaluated several exposure windows, including prepregnancy, early pregnancy, the first two trimesters, the last month, and the last 3 months of pregnancy. Outcomes were identified using abstracted maternal medical record data. Covariate information was obtained from maternal interviews.Predicted periconceptional CO exposure was significantly associated with preeclampsia after adjustment for maternal characteristics and season of conception [adjusted odds ratio (OR) per 0.1 ppm=1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.13]. However, further adjustment for year of conception essentially nullified the association (adjusted OR=0.98; 95% CI, 0.91-1.06). Associations between PM2.5 and preeclampsia were nonsignificant and weaker than associations estimated for CO, and neither air pollutant was strongly associated with preterm delivery. Patterns were similar across all exposure windows.Because both CO concentrations and preeclampsia incidence declined during the study period, secular changes in another preeclampsia risk factor may explain the association observed here. We saw little evidence of other associations with preeclampsia or preterm delivery in this setting.
Secretion of angiogenic proteins by human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their clinical potential in the treatment of avascular osteonecrosis
Authors: I Müller, M Vaegler, C Holzwarth, N Tzaribatchev, S M Pfister, B Schütt, P Reize, J Greil, R Handgretinger, M Rudert
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Localization in Clinical Neurology
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Here is another of the thirty plus volumes projected for publication in this encyclopedic work. Obviously, the topic of localization must be included in the series even though almost everything that is included has been written by others in the past. However, the chapters provide an exhaustive summary of literature and at last the interested scholar has a definitive bibliography to which he can refer. Most of the chapters are very well written. That by Dow on the cerebellum and by Spalding on the autonomic system are examples. One of the high points of the volume is Guttmann's informative consideration of spinal cord lesions. The chapters by Mumenthaler, Currier, Feringa, Martin, E. P. Richardson, Bruyn and Gothier, Gassel, Jewesbury and Denis Williams, Fog, and Hein-Sorensen, classify the brain syndromes in a systematic manner. The chapter by Sachsenweger on localization of ocular motor disturbances is superb and contains an extensive bibliography
The Structure of the Aortic Valve in Clinically Isolated Aortic Stenosis
Authors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The structure of the aortic valve at autopsy is described in 162 patients over 15 years of age with clinically isolated, severe valvular aortic stenosis with or without aortic regurgitation. The valves were congenitally unicuspid, unicommissural in 17 patients, congenitally bicuspid in 67, tricuspid in 71, and in seven the structure was uncertain. Thus, in at least 84 (52%) of the patients the valve was congenitally malformed at birth. It is proposed that minor aortic valvular cuspal inequality, also present from birth, may be an underlying malformation in some of the patients with tricuspid stenotic aortic valves. Degeneration or wear-and-tear from aging almost certainly explains aortic stenosis in most of the elderly patients. Although no patient had clinical evidence of mitral valvular dysfunction, the mitral leaflets were diffusely thickened by fibrous tissue in 26 of the 162 patients. Rheumatic disease is believed to be the cause of the valve involvement in 22 of them (the other four had congenitally bicuspid aortic valves). Rheumatic disease did not appear to be the cause of the aortic stenosis in the other 136 patients with anatomically normal mitral valves.
Lovastatin vs Cholestyramine Therapy for Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: N. Burgess Record
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lovastatin is a remarkable drug. Better than any other medication yet available, lovastatin promptly lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with few apparent side effects. When I and my internist colleagues in west central Maine began prescribing lovastatin in October 1987, we were struck soon by what seemed like an unusual incidence of chest pain in patients recently started on therapy with the drug. In November 1987 one of 18 and in December 1987 seven of 20 admissions to Franklin Memorial Hospital for chest pain involved patients taking lovastatin. In three cases (two individual patients), starting lovastatin therapy did not seem to have changed the previous tempo of coronary symptoms. However, five patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis experienced a distinct acceleration of coronary symptoms between five and 49 days after starting lovastatin therapy; four developed newly unstable angina and one suffered an acute myocardial infarction. Was this a
Stromal Caveolin-1 Levels Predict Early Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Progression to Invasive Breast Carcinoma.
Authors: A. Witkiewicz, A. Dasgupta, G. Schwartz, K. Nguyen, H. Rui, M. Lisanti
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract With the increase use of screening mammography the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) increased and DCIS currently accounts for 20-30% of newly diagnosed breast cancers.The current classification for DCIS based on nuclear grade, architectural differentiation and presence of necrosis, does not adequately predict the likelihood of recurrence after breast conservingtherapy. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify novel predictors of DCIS progression and potential targets for therapy. Recently, we showed that an absence of stromal caveolin-1 (Cav-1)expression in invasive breast cancers is a powerful single independent predictor of early disease recurrence and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stromal expression of Cav-1 in a cohort of DCIS patients treated with wide-excision and close follow-up, but without any form of chemo- or radiotherapy.Material and MethodsSeventy eighty DCIS cases were included in the study. Cav-1 expression in the tumor stroma was assessed by employing a standard immunoperoxidase method with monoclonal ani-Cav-1 antibody (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA; 1:50 dilution).The staining was scored semi-quantitatively as negative (0; no staining), weak (1; either diffuse weak staining or strong staining in less than 30% of stromal cells) and strong (2; defined as strong staining of 30% of stromal cells).Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test or the Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsThe overall recurrence rate was twenty-eight percent (50% recurred as DCIS, and the other 50% recurred with progression to invasive breast cancer). Nearly seventy percent of DCIS patients with any type of recurrence had reduced levels of stromal Cav-1 (score = 1 or 0). Eighty nine percent of DCIS patients that underwent recurrence with progression to invasive breast cancer had reduced or absent levels of stromal Cav-1. Conversely, ninety-seven percent of DCIS patients with high levels of stromal Cav-1 (score = 2) did not show any invasive recurrence over the duration of follow-up (4-208 months).Our results indicate that an absence of stromal Cav-1 is a novel biomarker that predicts early DCIS progression to invasive breast carcinoma. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2136.
Remote and rural general practice
Authors: J. C M Gillies
Journal: BMJ (1998)

General practice in the United Kingdom has to be adaptable. It has to supply general medical services to communities as diverse as inner city London and the Shetland Isles. Suburban practice shades into rural practice; definitions are complex and often unrewarding to pursue except for academic work.(1) Rural practices are, by definition, in the country but tend to have good, fast transport links to urban areas. Remote practices are those on offshore islands and in areas of low population density with long and tenuous transport links to cities and to district general hospitals. Such areas exist in many parts of Britain, including Devon and Cornwall, Cumbria, Northumberland, Wales, and Scotland.

Remote and rural general practice has had a low profile, partly because it has, on the whole, worked quietly and efficiently, and partly because isolation reduces the visibility of both problems and achievements. There is evidence that remote and rural practices have been disproportionately affected by recent difficulties in recruitment.2

If you are self sufficient in personal and professional terms, if you enjoy outdoor sports and pursuits, relish the natural world in all weathers, enjoy having a high profile in a small community, and have undergone a fairly broad clinical training, then practice in a remote or rural area may be for you.

Every remote practice is unique, but extended clinical skills are always needed. These may include prehospital trauma care, emergency medicine (such as thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction), intrapartum obstetrics, and minor casualty skills. Many areas have community hospitals that fulfil varying needs from acute medical and maternity care to palliative care. Information technology and telemedicine are rapidly growing in importance. As the number of general practitioners in an area is often small, a management …
DNA analysis indicates patient-specific human papillomavirus type 16 strains in Bowen's disease on fingers and in archival samples from genital dysplasia
Authors: O. FORSLUND, P. NORDIN, K. ANDERSSON, B. STENQUIST, B-G. HANSSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is casually involved in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancer and has also been demonstrated in some patients with Bowen's disease (BD) on the fingers. From two women with HPV 16 in BD on the fingers, and in archival samples from genital dysplasia, collected as long as 26 years ago, the non-coding region of the virus was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The HPV 16 DNA sequences found in the finger lesions and in the genital archival samples showed no diversities within single patients. Compared with an HPV 16R reference sequence, one patient showed a unique T nucleotide at position 78, whereas the other patient exhibited T and A nucleotides at positions 7193 and 7521, respectively. In one of the patients, the same strain of HPV 16 was found in a digital tumour 26 years after its clearance from the genital tract. DNA sequence analysis indicated patient-specific HPV 16 strains. Auto-inoculation from the genital tract was favoured as a plausible explanation of why HPV 16 caused BD on the fingers.
Impact of microangiopathy on left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome in cardiac sarcoidosis patients treated with corticosteroids: A long-term echocardiographic follow-up study
Authors: Yoshikazu Yazaki, Kamiyoshi Yuichi, Kaoru Kogashi, Osamu Yokoseki, Hiroshi Imamura, Hiroaki Takenaka, Mafumi Owa, Minoru Hongo, Keishi Kubo, Morie Sekiguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
ON HEAT-SENSITIVE ANTICOMPLEMENTARY BODIES IN HUMAN BLOOD SERUM
Authors: Hans Zinsser, W. C. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

The work recorded above has served to corroborate the observations of other writers, notably of Noguchi, that in many human sera, if not in all, there develop, on standing, anticomplementary bodies which are delicately thermolabile, being inactivated by heating to 56 degrees C. for fifteen to twenty minutes. It has appeared that these bodies may occasionally be present in sera which, after heating, may develop the thermostable anticomplementary body referred to by other authors. It has become evident also that the speed of development of the thermolabile anticomplementary body in different sera is subject to much variation. The thermolabile body appears as the complement disappears. The question arises whether the thermolabile anticomplementary body may not be originally present in the serum, temporarily masked by the native complement. This would seem improbable from the fact that titration has shown that 0.1 and 0.2 cubic centimeter of the inhibiting serum will often inhibit as much as 0.6 cubic centimeter of fresh guinea-pig complement, a quantity superior to the amount of complement present originally in the antihemolytic serum. It seems, therefore, that the anticomplementary body must actually be formed in the serum during the period of preservation. The thermolabile antihemolytic body studied by us is like the thermostabile body investigated by Noguchi, in that it inhibits alien as well as homologous complement; it is unlike the thermostabile body, however, in that it cannot be absorbed from serum by digestion with red cells, nor does it render the treated cells more resistant to hemolysis. The thermolabile body may be removed from inhibiting sera by precipitating the globulins. A solution of the glotmiins then manifests a thermolabile anticomplementary action. No relationship between a clinical condition and the appearance of these bodies in the sera, has been found. As a practical result these studies have shown, as have those of Noguchi, that the complement fixation tests should never be made with certain sera which have been preserved for some time without inactivation.
Workshop on Long-term Follow-up of Participants in Human Gene Transfer Research
Authors: Kara Nyberg, Barrie J. Carter, Theresa Chen, Cynthia Dunbar, Terrence R. Flotte, Stephen Rose, Daniel Rosenblum, Stephanie L. Simek, Carolyn Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

On June 1-2, 2004, staff from government agencies, principal investigators (PIs), and industry representatives gathered in Minneapolis just prior to the 7th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Gene Therapy (ASGT) for a workshop to discuss issues pertaining to the long-term follow-up (LTFU) of participants in human gene transfer research. The ASGT co-sponsored this workshop, along with the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (FDA/CBER), the NIH's Office of Biotechnology Activities (NIH/OBA), the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). Workshop goals comprised (a) identifying the scientific, clinical, ethical, and social challenges associated with long-term follow-up of individuals enrolled in clinical studis of human gene transfer and (b) gathering input from workshop attendees regarding practical options for the collection of LTFU data that will be used to improve the safety of clinical gene transfer procedures. This article summarizes the presentations and overall outcomes of breakout sessions focusing on clinical, scientific, animal model, and legal/social/ethical issues.
Funding Agendas: Has Bioterror Defense Been Over-Prioritized?
Authors: Thomas May
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

Post-9/11, concern about bioterrorism has transformed public health from unappreciated to a central component of national security. Within the War on Terror, bioterrorism preparedness has taken a back seat only to direct military action in terms of funding. Domestically, homelessness, joblessness, crime, education, and race relations are just a few of a litany of pressing issues requiring government attention. Even within the biomedical sciences and healthcare, issues surrounding the fact that more than 40 million Americans lack health insurance, the rising cost of prescription medications, and the use of government funds for research using embryonic stem cells remain unresolved. Should we prioritize a hypothetical threat (bioterrorism), or existing conditions that have implications for identifiable individuals? Even more fundamentally, should we prioritize research aimed at defense from bioterrorism (or even terrorism in general) when there are so many pressing social problems that affect the U.S. population?
Calcification is associated with loss of functional calcium-sensing receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Masih-ul Alam, John Paul Kirton, Fiona L. Wilkinson, Emily Towers, Smeeta Sinha, Mansour Rouhi, Thomas N. Vizard, Andrew P. Sage, David Martin, Donald T. Ward, Marie Yvonne Alexander, Daniela Riccardi, Ann E. Canfield
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Vascular calcification (VC) is highly correlated with increased morbidity and mortality in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Allosteric modulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) by calcimimetics inhibits VC in animal models of advanced CKD. Here, we investigated the expression of the CaR in the vasculature and tested the ability of calcimimetics to prevent vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification in vitro. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that CaR protein is present in VSMC in normal, non-calcified human arteries. In contrast, low levels of CaR immunoreactivity were detected in atherosclerotic, calcified arteries. Immunfluorescence and immunoblotting revealed that CaR protein was also expressed by human and bovine VSMC in vitro. Acute stimulation of VSMC with increased Ca2+ stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, suggesting that the VSMC CaR is functional. VSMC CaR expression decreased when these cells deposited a mineralized matrix or following 24 h incubation in mineralization medium with increased (i.e. 1.8 or 2.5 mM) Ca2+. Culturing VSMC in mineralization medium containing 1.8 and 2.5 mM Ca2+ or with the membrane-impermeant CaR agonist Gd3+ enhanced mineral deposition compared with that observed in 1.2 mM Ca2+. Over-expression of dominant-negative (R185Q) CaR enhanced, whereas the calcimimetic R-568 attenuated, VSMC mineral deposition. These results demonstrate that: (i) VSMCs express a functional CaR; (ii) a reduction in CaR expression is associated with increased mineralization in vivo and in vitro; (iii) calcimimetics decrease mineral deposition by VSMC. These data suggest that calcimimetics may inhibit the development of VC in CKD patients.
Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the CFH region associated with host susceptibility to meningococcal disease
Authors: Sonia Davila, Victoria J. Wright, Chiea Chuen Khor, Kar Seng Sim, Alexander Binder, Willemijn B. Breunis, David Inwald, Simon Nadel, Helen Betts, Enitan D. Carrol, Ronald de Groot, Peter W. M. Hermans, Jan Hazelzet, Marieke Emonts, Chui Chin Lim, Taco W. Kuijpers, Federico Martinon-Torres, Antonio Salas, Werner Zenz, Michael Levin, Martin L. Hibberd
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)