tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of T–Cell Responses by Hepatic Stellate Cells Via B7–H1-Mediated T–Cell Apoptosis in Mice
Authors: Ming–Chin Yu, Cheng–Hsu Chen, Xiaoyan Liang, Lianfu Wang, Chandrashekhar R. Gandhi, John J. Fung, Lina Lu, Shiguang Qian
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

In the injured liver, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) secrete many different cytokines, recruit lymphocytes, and thus participate actively in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Little is known of the role of HSCs in immune responses. In this study, HSCs isolated from C57BL/10 (H2b) mice were found to express scant key surface molecules in the quiescent stage. Activated HSCs express major histocompatibility complex class I, costimulatory molecules, and produce a variety of cytokines. Stimulation by interferon γ (IFN–γ) or activated T cells enhanced expression of these molecules. Interestingly, addition of the activated (but not quiescent) HSCs suppressed thymidine uptake by T cells that were stimulated by alloantigens or by anti–CD3-mediated T–cell receptor ligation in a dose–dependent manner. High cytokine production by the T cells suggests that the inhibition was probably not a result of suppression of their activation. T–cell division was also found to be normal in a CFSE dilution assay. The HSC–induced T–cell hyporesponsiveness was associated with enhanced T–cell apoptosis. Activation of HSCs was associated with markedly enhanced expression of B7–H1. Blockade of B7–H1/PD–1 ligation significantly reduced HSC immunomodulatory activity, suggesting an important role of B7–H1. In conclusion , the bidirectional interactions between HSCs and immune cells may contribute to hepatic immune tolerance. (Hepatology 2004;40:1312-1321.)
Phenotypic analysis of CD23+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells in atopic dermatitis
Authors: K. NAKAMURA, Y. OKUBO, M. MINAMI, M. FURUE, Y. ISHIBASHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Summary There is an increase in the number of CD23+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in atopic dermatitis (AD). We analysed the subpopulation of CD23+ PBMC in 11 patients with AD and in 10 healthy controls and found that B Cells (CD20+) and non-T, non-B cells (CD3– CD20–) (mainly monocytes) were responsible for the elevation of CD23+ CD23+ T Cells (CD3–) comprised only 4.6% of total CD23+ cells in AD. The percentage of CD23+ cells did not correlate with the serum log IgE level nor with clinical severity of AD. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) induced the expression of CD23 antigen in PBMC both in AD and in healthy controls in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. This enhancing effect of IL-4 was completely abrogated by the addition of anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody. Other cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IFN-α, IFN-γ and TNF-α had no significant effects on CD23 expression.
Public consultation on human cloning launched
Authors: H. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Government advisers in Britain have launched a public consultation process to tease out the acceptable uses of new cloning techniques.

The consultation document, prepared jointly by the Human Genetic Advisory Commission and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, draws a clear distinction between reproductive cloning (that is, creating genetically identical human beings) and “therapeutic” cloning, whereby early embryos could be created to develop new treatments or to further scientific knowledge.

Under the 1990 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, the creation of cloned babies is forbidden in Britain and carries a criminal sentence. But …
Increased production of fibronectin by fibroblasts from pre-cancerous scars
Authors: K. IGISU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

The detection of those post-burn scars which have become established pre-malignant lesions is difficult. I describe a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for fibronectin (FN) production by fibroblasts from scar tissue. The amount of FN produced by fibroblasts from scar tissue adjacent to an area of squamous cell carcinoma was found to be 30 times that produced by fibroblasts from normal scar tissue. Thus, this method may be a useful indicator of scars which are pre-malignant.
CREB Transcriptional Activity in Neurons Is Regulated by Multiple, Calcium-Specific Phosphorylation Events
Authors: Jon M. Kornhauser, Christopher W. Cowan, Adam J. Shaywitz, Ricardo E. Dolmetsch, Eric C. Griffith, Linda S. Hu, Chia Haddad, Zhengui Xia, Michael E. Greenberg
Journal: Neuron (2002)
Otologic Medicine and Surgery
Authors: William D. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In a field in which books abound, there has long been a major void. While we have books dedicated to audiology and to anatomy, surgery, and even immunology of the ear, no recent undertaking has tackled the difficult task of putting all of the disciplines that deal with the ear and hearing under one title. Can we look to this two-volume set to fill the void? The editors are highly respected educators and practitioners of otolaryngology with strong otologic credentials. Europe and Australia are well represented among the 87 contributors. However, the North American contingency heavily favors Canada and New York, home base of the editors. The 73 chapters are organized in a logical sequence. The first nine deal with the basic sciences. The next 11 chapters are concerned with diagnosis. The third section covers pathology and pathophysiology in 14 chapters. Volume 2 dedicates its 38 chapters to therapy. Most
Texting shows recovery after faint
Authors: M. Sinclair, D. W Pigott, K. N Carpenter
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Festival Medical Services is a charitable trust that provides music festivals throughout the United Kingdom with doctors, nurses, paramedics, first aiders, and other trained medical and administrative staff. One of the authors (MS) is the coordinator for the Festival Medical Services “pit crew.” This team provides a resuscitation facility for the audience at the two main stages at Glastonbury and Reading festivals as well as a triage system to sort or treat people who need medical attention. The team follows the advice of the Third Annual Rock Concert Safety Survey Report published by Crowd Management Strategies in February …
Points: Acute appendicitis and dietary fibre
Authors: R G Benians
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Morris mentions several precipitating causes of infective endocarditis culled from the studies by Bayliss et al' 2 (25 May, p 1532).I would like to draw attention to an important and often forgotten route of introduction of sepsis in patients at risk in hospitals- from intravenous drip or venepuncture sites. 3Recently, we saw two children aged 11 and 12 who presented with relapse of their rheumatic fever with flitting arthralgia, pericardial rubs, and fever.These symptoms subsided on aspirin and bed rest but a week later a high swinging fever was noted, with changing heart murmurs and evidence of heart failure in one case.One of the blood cultures subsequently grew a penicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.The child died despite high dose intravenous penicillin, cefuroxime, and cloxacillin.In the second case no pathogens were grown despite repeated blood cultures, but the fever was later controlled with cefuroxime, cloxacillin, and gentamycin.The most likely site of entry of the organism was through the drip site, where both children had developed mild cellulitis, and neither had received any antibiotics.Poorly cleaned venepuncture sites for routine blood investigations were another possible site of entry.Routine setting up of drips in casualty is a common practice and is often far from being an aseptic procedure.Those who practise this must realise that it is not without risk, especially to patients with valvular heart disease.We believe that care with cleaning the drip site with iodine, introduction of the intravenous cannula by an aseptic technique, and regular change of drip sites before cellulitis sets in are the best ways of preventing infective endocarditis in patients at risk.
Myocardial Infarction in Women Younger Than 50 Years
Authors: Philip R. J. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A striking feature of most risk factors for fatal ischemic heart disease is the pronounced age dependence of the associated mortality ratios. For the major risk factors, including smoking but excepting lack of exercise, mortality ratios fall from high values in young men and women toward, or even below, unity at 80 to 89 years of age. (The mortality ratios for none, slight, and moderate exercisers vs heavy exercisers generally increase with age.) Both rising and falling characteristics are readily explained by a unified theory of growth and disease.<sup>1</sup>Theory holds that acute myocardial infarction, the major component of fatal ischemic heart disease occurring in persons younger than 70 years, is initiated in genetically predisposed persons by six somatic gene mutations. This stochastic initiation process is followed by a latent period (about 12 years average in US white males; 24 in females) before death occurs—if it
Usefulness of Ultrasonography in the Management of Nodular Thyroid Disease
Authors: Ellen Marqusee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the standard diagnostic test for evaluating possible malignancy in a thyroid nodule. Objective: To evaluate the role of routine ultrasonography in the management of nodular thyroid disease. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Multidisciplinary thyroid nodule clinic (endocrinology and radiology). Patients: Patients with suspected nodular thyroid disease or suspected recurrent thyroid cancer referred between October 1995 and March 1997. All patients had thyroid ultrasonography and ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nodules at least 1 cm in maximum diameter. Measurements: Medical records, ultrasonography findings, cytology reports, and histologic reports were reviewed. Ultrasonography findings were compared with the referring physician's findings on physical examination. Results: 223 patients were seen in the clinic. A total of 209 fine-needle aspiration biopsies were performed on 156 patients. Among 50 of 114 patients referred for a solitary nodule, ultrasonography detected additional nonpalpable nodules at least 1 cm in diameter in 27 and determined that no nodules required aspiration in 23. Of 59 patients referred for a diffuse goiter or a multinodular gland, ultrasonography detected discrete nodules at least 1 cm in diameter that required aspiration in 39 and determined that aspiration was unnecessary in 20. Conclusions: Ultrasonography altered the clinical management for 63% of the patients (109 of 173) referred to the thyroid nodule clinic after abnormal results on thyroid physical examination.
Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy with or without a Copayment in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Influence of the Inverse Care Law
Authors: Jin Xiao Lian, Sarah M. McGhee, Rita A. Gangwani, Anthony J. Hedley, Cindy Lo Kuen Lam, Maurice Keng Hung Yap, Wico W. Lai, Daniel Wai Sing Chu, David S.H. Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Heberden Oration 1981: epidemiology and the arthritides.
Authors: R M Acheson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

The multifactorial control of serum uric acid levels is discussed from an epidemiological point of view and the principles at issue related to the epidemiology of osteoarthrosis. It is shown that in osteoarthrosis the clinical characteristics vary from one joint group to another. Association of x-ray changes with pain varies between joints and between sexes for the various joints. The disease tends to be commoner in females but not in all age groups. There is an association between obesity and osteoarthrosis in the hands and knees but not the hips or ankles. These differences raise questions about the homogeneity of generalised osteoarthrosis. Such questions might be answered by epidemiological studies which consider individual joint groups and are carefully directed towards specific hypotheses, the development of which could be facilitated by the use of iconic models.
Heart-Reactive Antibody: An Index of Cardiac Rejection in Human Heart Transplantation
Authors: ROBERT J. ELLIS, C. WALTON LILLEHEI, VINCENT A. FISCHETTI, JOHN B. ZABRISKIE
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Indirect immunofluorescent techniques used for detection of heart-reactive antibody have been used in both human and experimental cardiac transplantation. Definite evidence is presented which demonstrates the presence of circulating heart-reactive antibody preceding clinical or laboratory evidence of cardiac rejection. In all patients who lived longer than one week and died of cardiac rejection, an increase in titers of heart-reactive antibody were present prior to obvious signs of rejection and death. Immunosuppressive therapy, both experimentally and clinically, has been demonstrated to alter the titer of circulating heart-reactive antibody. Much work is needed to clarify the significance of this heart-reactive antibody in the mechanism of rejection. However, the presence of heart-reactive antibody in patients after cardiac transplantation appears to be a valuable aid in monitoring cardiac rejection.
The Tayside infant morbidity and mortality study: effect on health of using gas for cooking.
Authors: S A Ogston, C D Florey, C H Walker
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The relation between respiratory illness and the use of gas for cooking was examined from data on 1565 infants born to mothers who were primigravidas living in Dundee in 1980. Episodes of, and admissions to hospital for, respiratory illness were recorded during the first year of life. Both admissions and episodes were more common in infants from families using gas for cooking or heating than in infants from families using any other type of cooking or heating, but the differences were not significant. Results from this and other studies show that there is probably a small relation between respiratory illness and the use of gas appliances without a flue. To show convincingly whether such a relation exists might require a survey of 18 000-23 000 subjects. Respiratory illness was, however, strongly and positively related to parental smoking, a finding that is often made even in small studies.
Condoms Prevent Transmission of AIDS-Associated Retrovirus
Authors: M. Conant, D. Spicer, J. A. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The majority of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have occurred after exposure to seminal fluid, blood, or blood products. It has been recommended that individuals avoid contact with seminal fluid through the use of prophylactic sheaths, although the proof that the virus could not passthrough these commercial products has not been established. In previous studies we demonstrated that herpesvirus could not pass through condoms.<sup>1</sup>We have now performed similar studies to determine whether retroviruses would be retained by these materials. <h3>Report of a Study.—</h3> For the experiments, both a mouse retrovirus and the AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV-2) were employed. A solution of tissue-culture medium containing either 10<sup>7,8</sup>infectious mouse xenotropic type C retrovirus particles per milliliter or 10<sup>6</sup>infectious ARV-2 particles per milliliter was used.<sup>2,3</sup>The plunger from a 12-mL syringe was placed inside the condom, to which was added 4 mL of the
Functional response of healthy and diseased glomeruli to a large, protein-rich meal.
Authors: A Y Chan, M L Cheng, L C Keil, B D Myers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Differential solute clearances and hormone assays were used to characterize the effect of a large, protein-rich meal (1.5 g/kg) on glomerular function in 12 healthy volunteers (group I) and 12 patients with chronic glomerular disease (group II). Changes from baseline during 3 h after the meal included an elevation of plasma osmolality, progressive urinary concentration, and increasingly positive fluid balance. Plasma renin activity and arginine vasopressin levels (measured in group II only) increased significantly. Nevertheless, the rate of peak postmeal renal plasma flow became elevated by 13 and 33% in groups I and II, respectively. Corresponding peak increases in postmeal glomerular filtration rate exceeded baseline by 10 and 16%. In the proteinuric subjects of group II the fractional clearances of albumin, IgG and uncharged dextrans in the radius interval 36-54 A, declined significantly after the meal. A similar depression of the fractional dextran-clearance profile was observed also in group I. Applying the fractional clearances of relatively permeant dextrans (radii less than or equal to 44 A) to a model of hindered solute transport through an isoporous membrane, we estimate that transmembrane hydraulic pressure difference increased by 12% in group I and by between 0 to 12% in group II after protein ingestion. We conclude (i) that oral protein ingestion increases glomerular ultrafiltration pressure and rate in both normal and diseased glomeruli, (ii) that this hemodynamic response may be mediated in part by the glomerulopressor hormones angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin, and (iii) that the foregoing hemodynamic changes exert no acute adverse effect on glomerular barrier size-selectivity.
Biologic and Clinical Activity of Tivozanib (AV-951, KRN-951), a Selective Inhibitor of VEGF Receptor-1, -2, and -3 Tyrosine Kinases, in a 4-Week-On, 2-Week-Off Schedule in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Ferry A.L.M. Eskens, Maja J.A. de Jonge, Pankaj Bhargava, Toshiyuki Isoe, Monette M. Cotreau, Brooke Esteves, Kunihiko Hayashi, Herman Burger, Maarten Thomeer, Leni van Doorn, Jaap Verweij
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

To assess the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of tivozanib, a potent and selective oral VEGF receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Dose levels of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/d tivozanib for 28 days followed by 14 days of medication were explored in patients with advanced solid tumors.Forty-one patients were enrolled. Animal data incorrectly predicted toxicity, resulting in DLTs at the starting dose (2.0 mg) consisting of grade 3 proteinuria and hypertension and grade 3 ataxia. At 1.0 mg, no DLT was observed. At an intermediate dose (1.5 mg), 1 patient experienced DLT consisting of grade 3 hypertension. This dose was determined as the MTD. Of 10 additional patients treated at 1.5 mg, 1 patient each experienced grade 3 hypertension and grade 3 fatigue, and 2 patients experienced grade 3 and 4 transaminase elevation. In 12 additional patients treated at 1.0 mg, no DLT was observed. Pharmacokinetics displayed long absorption time, dose proportional exposure, and a half-life of 4.7 days. Plasma levels of VEGF-A and soluble VEGFR-2 showed dose-dependent increases and decreases, respectively. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI indicated reduction in tumor perfusion. Clinical activity was observed in renal cell cancer, colorectal cancer, and other tumors.Tivozanib was well tolerated with manageable side effects. The pharmacokinetics profile revealed that tivozanib was suitable for once-daily dosing. Encouraging and durable clinical activity was observed. The recommended daily dose of tivozanib in a 4-week-on and 2-week-off dosing regimen is 1.5 mg.
Clinical Usage of a C1 Esterase Inhibitor Concentrate for Hereditary Angioedema: Final Results from a Large International Registry
Authors: James W. Baker, Anette Bygum, Paula J. Busse, Jonathan M. Edelman, William R. Lumry, Thomas Machnig, Inmaculada Martinez-Saguer, Mikhail Rojavin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Antiviral Protein Viperin Promotes Toll-like Receptor 7- and Toll-like Receptor 9-Mediated Type I Interferon Production in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Tatsuya Saitoh, Takashi Satoh, Naoki Yamamoto, Satoshi Uematsu, Osamu Takeuchi, Taro Kawai, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Pulmonary Edema in Coronary-Artery Disease without Cardiomegaly
Authors: Arthur Dodek, Donald G. Kassebaum, J. David Bristow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

ACUTE pulmonary edema usually is accompanied by cardiomegaly unless it is of noncardiac origin, or occurs in special cases of heart failure1,2 such as restrictive cardiomyopathy, mitral stenosis, aortic stenosis, paroxysmal tachyarrhythmia and acute myocardial infarction. However, it has not generally been appreciated that recurrent pulmonary edema with clinically and radiographically normal heart size may characterize a syndrome in the spectrum of coronary-artery disease. This is not altogether unexpected in view of the observations of high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the normovolumic ventricle of noncongested patients with ischemic heart disease.3,4This report details the clinical manifestations and the . . .
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Hypertension
Authors: Eldad S. Kisch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1988Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and HypertensionEldad S. Kisch, MD, PhD, Benno Fischel, MD, Michael Yaron, MDEldad S. Kisch, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this author, Benno Fischel, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Michael Yaron, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-344_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: That the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on blood pressure remains a concern is reflected in the recent article by Radick and colleagues (1). We believe that the conflicting reports on this issue are probably due to nonhomogeneity of populations studied for plasma renin status.In 1977 we presented data at the annual scientific meeting of the Israel Endocrine Society, showing that in two groups of patients, one with labile or borderline hypertension and the other with rheumatoid arthritis, blood pressure rose after administration of indomethacin therapy only in some patients who had initial low plasma renin...References1. RadackDeckBloomfield KCS. Ibuprofen interferes with the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs: a randomized, double-blind, place-bo-controlled trial of Ibuprofen compared with acetaminophen. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:628-35. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Gerber J. Indomethacin-induced rises in blood pressure. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:555-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ichilov Hospital Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1988Volume 109, Issue 4Page: 344-344KeywordsBlood plasmaBlood pressureDrugsEndocrine therapyHypertensionPopulation statisticsRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 15 August 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...