tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regular Versus As-Needed Short-Acting Inhaled β -Agonist Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: DEBORAH COOK, GORDON GUYATT, ERIC WONG, ROGER GOLDSTEIN, MICHEL BEDARD, PEGGY AUSTIN, HELEN RAMSDALE, ROMAN JAESCHKE, MALCOLM SEARS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Regular short-acting inhaled β -agonist therapy is of uncertain benefit in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a randomized, concealed, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in two periods, each of 3-mo duration, involving 53 patients with a smoking history of > 20 pack-years, an FEV1 of < 70% predicted, and an FEV1/VC ratio of < 0.7 after inhalation of 200 μ g albuterol. All patients received regular ipratropium bromide at 20 μ g per puff in 2 puffs four times daily, beclomethasone at 250 μ g per puff or equivalent corticosteroid in 2 puffs twice daily, and open-label inhaled albuterol as needed. Interventional therapy consisted of regular inhaled albuterol (100 μ g per puff, in 2 puffs four times daily) versus placebo. Patients used twice as much active albuterol in the regular use period (mean: 8.07 puffs of coded and 4.68 puffs of open-label medication; total: 12.75 puffs daily) than during the as-needed period (mean: 6.34 puffs of open-label albuterol daily). Despite greater β -agonist use, patients showed similar results during treatment and control periods for all outcomes. Differences between active and placebo periods were: FEV1: − 0.04 L (95% confidence interval [CI]: − 0.09 to 0.01 L); slow vital capacity: 0.04 L (95% CI: − 0.12 to 0.20 L); 6-min walk test distance: − 3.1 m (95% CI: − 16.8 to 10.5 m); and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire scores for dyspnea: 0.02 (95% CI: − 0.13 to 0.16); fatigue: − 0.02 (95% CI: − 0.25 to 0.20); mastery: 0.01 (95% CI: − 0.20 to 0.24); and emotional function: 0.02 (95% CI: − 0.20 to 0.24). We found that in patients with COPD, use of regular short-acting inhaled β -agonists resulted in twice as much β -agonist use without physiologic or clinical benefit as did use on an as-needed basis.
Effect of different intervention programmes on physical activity behaviour among individuals of Hyderabad region in India
Authors: R K Venkata
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Decreased physical activity is responsible for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders across the globe causing enormous financial burden by 2030 as per World Health Organisation. Modification of physical activity behaviours in individuals is an immediate necessity. This study aimed to identify and recommend an effective intervention programme to initiate positive physical activity behaviour among population of Hyderabad city, a software hub in India, where the physical activity levels are coming down sharply. Out of the total number of 4010 individual respondents of this study, 1050 were exposed to knowledge with physical fitness intervention wherein the individuals were explained about basic science of exercise of disease prevention in addition to practical exercise sessions, 860 persons participated only in physical fitness workshops wherein practical exercise sessions alone were included, 1230 persons participated in different medical camps in the city wherein poster presentations on importance of physical activity was done and 870 participated in various games and sports camps organised in summer. Physical activity behaviour questionnaire was administered prior and after 6 months of the interventions. Analysis of covariance revealed that the interventions caused a positive change in physical activity behaviour, but the knowledge cum physical fitness intervention brought higher positive effect, since the mean physical activity behaviour score 6 months after the intervention, adjusted on the baseline mean through covariance analysis, was 46.76; scores for the other three interventions were lower (40.55 for medical camp alone intervention participants, 38.85 for fitness workshop alone intervention participants and 36.86 for sports camps alone intervention participants) at 0.05 level of significance. Scheffe's post hoc comparison with a comparison difference of 4.49. Knowledge cum physical fitness intervention is effective in initiating positive change in physical activity behaviour of individuals.
Daily alternating deferasirox and deferiprone therapy for “hard‐to‐chelate” β‐thalassemia major patients
Authors: Manuela Balocco, Paola Carrara, Valeria Pinto, Gian Luca Forni
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

published or not.The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Atopic eczema in children: another harmful sequel of divorce
Authors: A. Bockelbrink, J. Heinrich, I. Schäfer, A. Zutavern, M. Borte, O. Herbarth, B. Schaaf, A. Von Berg, T. Schäfer
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Different lifestyle factors seem to be associated with the risk for atopic diseases and some studies suggest that stress increases the risk of allergic sensitization, asthma and atopic eczema. Only few studies have investigated the association of early stressful life events and atopic eczema (AE) in children. Subjects and Methods: Parents of participants of the ongoing LISA birth cohort study were asked to give information on life events, such as severe disease or death of a family member, unemployment, or divorce of the parents. Lifetime prevalence of AE and incidence after the assessment period for life events were compared. Results: Prevalence of AE until the age of 4 years was 21.4%. Reported life events within the first 2 years were: severe disease (17.5%) or death (8.4%) of a family member, divorce/separation (3.4%), and unemployment (2.7%). Divorce/separation was associated with a significantly [odds ratio (OR) 3.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–7.66] increased and disease with a significantly (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.13–0.68) decreased incidence of AE for the subsequent 2 years of life. No effect was seen for unemployment. Conclusions: Divorce/separation of the parents and severe disease of a family member influence the risk of developing AE.
Sulfisoxazole as Chemoprophylaxis for Recurrent Otitis Media
Authors: James M. Perrin, Evan Charney, James B. MacWhinney, Thomas K. McInerny, Robert L. Miller, Lawrence F. Nazarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

ACUTE otitis media is a common problem in pediatric practice. Its incidence in the first decade of life is usually reported to be 10 to 20 episodes per 100 children per year,1 , 2 with an even higher incidence in certain high-risk populations.3 , 4 The epidemiology of recurrent otitis media has not been extensively studied although the tendency to recurrences is marked, especially among younger children. Approximately half those with otitis during a one-year period will have had at least one previous attack.1 , 2 Prospectively, 20 per cent of patients with acute otitis will suffer at least one recurrence in three years.5 The main . . .
Breast-feeding in Baby With Loose Teeth
Authors: Gerald A. Ahronheim
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  We wish to comment on the response to the question Should Breast-feeding Be Continued in Teething Baby With Loose Teeth? (238:2200, 1977).  The reply by Norman Olsen, DDS, suggests no alternative to breast feeding, and it risks being taken at face value by the uncritical reader who may assume that bottle-feeding would be an appropriate substitute in the suckling infant. Because of the relative stiffness and elastic qualities of most artificial nipples, as well as the absence of direct sensory feedback, bottle-feeding may be more likely to contribute to complete avulsion of an infant's loose tooth than the mother's own nipple during breast feeding. Similarly, a glass or plastic cup may endanger a struggling or active weanling's loosened tooth.  The mechanics and physiology of breast-feeding should have been reviewed in preparing the reply to remind the reader that sucking is performed primarily with the tongue and lips
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: what next?
Authors: R A Stockley
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency was first identified in 1963, together with its association with the early onset of severe lower zone emphysema.1 Although the mechanisms for the development of emphysema were not clearly understood, it was reasonably assumed that the alveolar destruction was a direct consequence of the release of neutrophil elastase which was then able to digest lung connective tissue because of the low concentrations of α1-antitrypsin. This led to the concept and development of augmentation therapy2 which was shown to restore both the serum and alveolar concentration2 3 of α1-antitrypsin to a level thought to be adequately protective. This represented a relatively simplistic approach and augmentation therapy became an accepted form of management, initially in the USA, but subsequently in Germany and, more recently, for some patients in several other European countries. The efficacy of such an approach remains contentious. For many years it has been thought that an appropriate clinical trial would not be feasible in view of patient numbers required and the expense of designing and monitoring such a trial. This has led to recent editorials raising the issue of whether an appropriate clinical trial will ever be conducted,4 5although most clinicians and research workers remain firmly supportive of such a trial.

In 1996 the WHO held a meeting of world experts and concluded that many questions still needed answering, including the nature of the lung pathology of α1-antitrypsin deficiency, the relative impact of deficiency on disease development, and rationalisation of the standards of care, and concluded that further research was necessary into the pathological processes in order to facilitate the design of adequately powered controlled clinical trials.6 This review addresses the more recent developments in α1-antitrypsin deficiency and outlines the potential methodologies that …
Plasma Resistin, Associated With Single Nucleotide Polymorphism −420, Is Correlated With Insulin Resistance, Lower HDL Cholesterol, and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in the Japanese General Population
Authors: Haruhiko Osawa, Yasuharu Tabara, Ryuichi Kawamoto, Jun Ohashi, Masaaki Ochi, Hiroshi Onuma, Wataru Nishida, Kazuya Yamada, Jun Nakura, Katsuhiko Kohara, Tetsuro Miki, Hideichi Makino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—Resistin, secreted from adipocytes, causes insulin resistance in rodents. We previously reported that the G/G genotype of a resistin gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at −420 increases type 2 diabetes susceptibility by enhancing promoter activity. We report here on the relation between plasma resistin and either SNP −420 genotype or factors related to insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We cross-sectionally analyzed 2,078 community-dwelling Japanese subjects attending a yearly medical checkup. The SNP −420 genotype was determined by TaqMan analysis. Fasting plasma resistin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS—Plasma resistin was associated with the SNP −420 genotype (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), which was highest in G/G followed by C/G and C/C. Plasma resistin was higher in elderly individuals, female subjects, nondrinkers, and subjects with high blood pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.001, 0.003, &amp;lt;0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Simple regression analysis revealed that age, female sex, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, systolic blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were positively correlated with plasma resistin (P &amp;lt; 0.001, 0.003, &amp;lt;0.001, 0.004, &amp;lt;0.001, and 0.003, respectively). Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and BMI revealed that plasma resistin was an independent factor for HOMA-IR, low HDL cholesterol, and hs-CRP (P = 0.001, &amp;lt;0.001, and 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS—Plasma resistin was associated with SNP −420 and was correlated with insulin resistance, low serum HDL cholesterol, and high hs-CRP in the Japanese general population.
Cure of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma by Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Klaus Zöphel, Annette Strumpf, Gerd Wunderlich, Liane Oehme, Graeme Eisenhofer, Joerg Kotzerke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy provides a therapeutic option for neuroendocrine carcinoma. However, therapy response is often limited. A 53-year-old woman with known liver and bone metastases from a pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma was treated using 3.24 GBq (87 mCi) Y-90 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,7,10-tricarboxy-methyl-1-yl-acety-D-Phe1-Try3-octreotide (DOTATOC). Follow-up investigation 4 months later demonstrated complete normalization of Ga-68 DOTATOC imaging. Normal FDG imaging ruled out dedifferentiation of the tumor as an explanation for the negative receptor imaging. Meanwhile, the woman is alive without evidence of disease, 12 months after therapy, suggesting complete cure without any limitations to survival.
Abstract 2308: MUC1 modulation of E-cadherin through miR-200c and ZEB1
Authors: Ashley M. Mohr, Michelle E. Lewallen, Prakash Radhakrishnan, Xiang Liu, Jennifer M. Bailey, Michael A. Hollingsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MUC1, a cell-surface glycoprotein implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis, has a cytoplasmic tail (MUC1.CT) that is phosphorylated by different receptor tyrosine kinases and conducts these signals by binding and altering the function or stability of transcription factors, thereby influencing gene transcription. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short RNAs (19-22 nucleotides), regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level and are differentially regulated in cancer and metastasis. We discovered that MUC1.CT influences expression of miRNAs that contribute to metastasis, including miR-200c. MiR-200c is a known regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through regulation of ZEB1, a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin. In addition, ZEB1 is a repressor of miR-200c in a feedback loop. Overexpression of MUC1 results in a dramatic decrease in miR-200c levels, resulting in increased levels of ZEB1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to demonstrate that MUC1.CT occupies the ZEB1 binding motif upstream of the miR-200c start site. In addition, we found that ZEB1 occupancy of the miR-200c promoter region was enhanced 3.5-fold in MUC1 overexpressing cells, indicating that MUC1.CT may influence the expression and stability of ZEB1 at the miR-200c promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments determined that MUC1.CT directly interacts with ZEB1. We evaluated levels of proteins affected by the miR-200c pathway in MUC1 overexpressing cells and observed an increase in ZEB1 levels and a decrease in E-cadherin levels, consistent with induction of EMT. We also confirmed an increase of ZEB1 occupancy at the E-cadherin promoter in MUC1 overexpressing cells, further confirming our hypothesis. In addition, MUC1.CT is differentially phosphorylated by several receptor tyrosine kinases. Antibodies against different phospho-isoforms were used with ChIP to investigate the signaling cascades that influence localization of the MUC1.CT to the miR-200c promoter. The phospho-YEKV form of MUC1.CT, which is representative of signaling through epidermal growth factor/receptor (EGF/EGFR), was the only phospho-MUC1.CT detected at the ZEB1 binding motif of the miR-200c promoter. EGF signaling is linked to a loss of E-cadherin, and our work is the first to link EGF signaling through the MUC1.CT as a direct regulator of miR-200c expression. These data portray a novel pathway of EMT modulation. EGF signaling via MUC1 regulates levels of miR-200c, altering regulation E-cadherin. Grant support was provided by grants from the NCI (Training Grant CA09476, R01CA57362, U01 CA111294) and student assistantships from UNMC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2308. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2308
Body Weight and Mortality-Reply
Authors: I-Min Lee
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Dr Kashani speculates that eating less of everything may extend longevity. He further hypothesizes that if total caloric intake were reduced, vigorous exercise may not be necessary to prevent obesity and, as a consequence, the incidence of sports-related injuries would decrease.  Although the causes of obesity are complex, an excess of caloric intake over expenditure will cause people to be overweight. Available data clearly indicate that obesity results in adverse health effects. 1 However, data regarding the health experience of individuals at the other end of the weight spectrum (ie, lean people) are much less clear. 1 Results from animal studies have demonstrated consistently that restricted caloric intake is related to decreased morbidity and mortality. 2 Extrapolating these findings to humans, however, is difficult. Populations subsisting under starvation conditions obviously do not experience better health than those living with adequate nutrition. Data from epidemiologic studies of the relation
Abstract 538: microRNAs as modifiers of stem cell properties in breast cancer: a whole genome approach
Authors: Paola Bonetti, Matteo J. Marzi, francesco nicassio
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cells with aberrantly regulated stem-like characteristics, such as self-renewal and quiescence. In breast cancer, CSCs have been shown to drive the tumorigenic process and to contribute to the emergence of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse. Based on this background, we decided to focus on the mechanisms that sustain CSC growth, namely self-renewal, to reveal molecules and pathways that control SC biology under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent research suggests a key role for non-coding RNAs (microRNAs - miRNAs; and long non coding RNAs - lncRNAs) in the control of genetic program that specifies stem cell identity and properties. Nevertheless, we still do not know which non-coding RNAs are involved and how they influence self-renewal or differentiation properties of the normal as well the cancer SC pool in the breast tissue. Based on these premises we aimed at isolating those non-coding RNAs (either lncRNAs or miRNAs) that significantly associates with the self-renewal properties and the content of stem cells in the normal mammary gland and in human breast cancer to search for: i) “markers” that improve the stratification and prognosis of human breast cancer; and ii) “modifiers” (enhancing or suppressing) of self-renewal properties of breast normal and cancer stem cells. In the long-term, our findings could serve as a basis to develop alternative strategies for the treatment of breast cancer that could radically improve the clinical management of breast cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Paola Bonetti, Matteo J. Marzi, francesco nicassio. microRNAs as modifiers of stem cell properties in breast cancer: a whole genome approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 538. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-538
Foreign visitors to India are unaware of rabies risk
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Foreigners visiting India need to be sensitised to the persistence of rabies as a serious public health problem in India, doctors said last week. A British woman died last Saturday of rabies contracted during a trip to Goa earlier this year.

The 39 year old woman from Bury, Greater Manchester, had been bitten by a dog in Goa and became unwell after her return to the United Kingdom. She was diagnosed with rabies and had treatment at the Walton Centre for Neurology in Liverpool.

“There are clear guidelines from the World Health Organization that European and North American travellers to the Indian subcontinent take pre-exposure vaccinations against rabies,” said Shampur Madhusudana, a virologist at the Indian National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences.

“Unfortunately, most foreigners visiting India remain oblivious to the risk of rabies even after they've come …
The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics
Authors: Wendy Terese Grace
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes3 November 2009The Cambridge World History of Medical EthicsWendy Terese Grace, MSWendy Terese Grace, MSFrom Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-9-200911030-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Baker RB, McCullouch LB, eds. 904 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2009. $250.00. ISBN 9780521888790. Order at www.cambridge.org/us.Field of medicine: Medical ethics.Format: Hardcover.Audience: Those interested in the crosscultural history of biomedical ethics, including bioethicists, students, and health care professionals.Purpose: To “assist readers in understanding the deeper cultural and historical background of medical ethics” through accessible, encyclopedia-style analysis of historical and contemporary issues in medical ethics informed by cultural, political, religious, and socioeconomic perspectives.Content: This book is the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary examination of medical ethics from both across the globe and throughout recorded history. The ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 November 2009Volume 151, Issue 9Page: 675KeywordsBioethicsBirthHealth careMedical ethicsOrgan transplantationPrevention, policy, and public healthPublic policy ePublished: 3 November 2009 Issue Published: 3 November 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...