tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Value of the Agglutination Test as a Means of Diagnosis of the B. Typhosus from Coliform Organisms
Authors: W. H. Horrocks
Journal: BMJ (1900)

& a=Z IOI5all the typical clinical features, including pigmentation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips, while the children, in order of age, demonstrate the same phenomenain decreasing severity and distinctness.The moles, placed so prominently in the list of important clinical features by Addison, Greenhowe, and others, are specially characteristic of this family group.If less significance is attached to them, then the correctness of our diagnosis is much more open to question.The cases were shown at a meeting of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh on February ist, I900.Why should it not be conceivable that a tuberculous lesion so often hereditary might not exist in the samefamily in every ehild?But why is it that in so many recorded cases of Addi- son's disease, aLnounting now to several hundreds, so seldom is any reference made to plurality of cases in one family?The future will clear up the mystery as far as this family is concerned, and the record is published in the hope that by directing attention to investigation into family history, more carefully than has been done in the past, similar instances may be met with.
Reducing mortality in individuals at high risk for advanced melanoma through education and screening
Authors: Alan C. Geller, Susan M. Swetter, Susan Oliveria, Stephen Dusza, Allan C. Halpern
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)

Incidence and mortality rates of melanoma throughout most of the developed world have increased in the past 25 years. We propose that reduction of deaths from melanoma can be best enhanced by strong collaborations between experts in dermatology, primary care, oncology, cancer education and health systems research, epidemiologists, and behavioral scientists, among others. Public and professional educational campaigns should be guided by an understanding of 3 underlying but overlapping roots: epidemiology and preventable mortality (an understanding of who is most likely to be given the diagnosis of thick or late-stage melanoma), biology (an investigation of tumor types that are relatively common but potentially most lethal), and sociology (an analysis of the changes needed in social structures to improve access to those most in need of early detection programs). We review these major concepts, concentrating on the key risk factors for advanced melanoma.
Medical Education in Israel
Authors: M. Prywes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IN 1953 the number of physicians in Israel was 3717, including 700 woman doctors. This number brings the doctor-population ratio in Israel to 1:430, which is one of the highest in the world. Eighty per cent of these physicians work in towns,—about 2400 alone in the three main cities of Jerusalem, Haifa and Tel Aviv,—so that practically 65 per cent of the doctors are serving 45 per cent of the population. More than 30 per cent of these physicians immigrated to Israel after the establishment of the State in 1948, but more than 90 per cent of the total number . . .
Guidelines on the Use of Thrombolytic Agents in Stroke
Authors: Mark J. Alberts
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Various thrombolytic agents are currently being evaluated for efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.<sup>1-4</sup>At present, their safety and efficacy in treatment of acute stroke are unproven, and recent stroke remains a specific contraindication for the use of thrombolytic agents.<sup>5</sup>If these agents are found to be beneficial for survivors of acute stroke, they may have a narrow therapeutic index. Because thrombolytic agents are available for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, some physicians are using these agents to treat stroke patients who are not participating in approved research protocols. In some instances, the physicians overseeing the treatment have little or no experience in the use of such agents in stroke patients. In our opinion, such practices place stroke patients at undue risk for serious complications related to the administration of these agents. Based on these concerns and the fact that
DIABETIC DERMANGIOPATHY.
Authors: MARJORIE BAUER, NORMAN E. LEVAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article DIABETIC DERMANGIOPATHY: A SPECTRUM INCLUDING PIGMENTED PRETIBTAL PATCHES AND NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA DIABETICORUM Get access MARJORIE BAUER, MARJORIE BAUER Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center, U.S.A Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr Bauer, LAC/USC Medical Center (Women's Hospital), 1200 N State St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90033, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar NORMAN E. LEVAN NORMAN E. LEVAN Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 5, 1 November 1970, Pages 528–535, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15736.x Published: 01 November 1970 Article history Accepted: 25 June 1970 Published: 01 November 1970
Consensus conference. Medical treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Practice guidelines. Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology
Authors: A. H. Soll
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To integrate the realization that peptic ulcer most commonly reflects infection with Helicobacter pylori or use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) into a disease management approach.Guidelines were outlined by the author and presented for review to the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Practice Parameters Committee, selected by the president of the ACG, and a panel of experts in peptic ulcer, selected by the committee.These guidelines were formulated following extensive review of the literature obtained by MEDLINE search and presented for detailed review and revision to unpublicized committee meetings on three occasions and to experts by mail. These recommendations are an official statement of the ACG and have been approved by the American Gastroenterological Association and the American Society for Gastroenterological Endoscopy. Firm recommendations are discriminated from reasonable suppositions pending definitive data.Since cure of H. pylori infection decreases recurrence rates and facilitates healing, antibiotic therapy is indicated for all H. pylori-infected ulcer patients. No optimal, simple antibiotic regimen has yet emerged. Simultaneous conventional ulcer therapy is recommended to facilitate symptom relief and healing. For refractory ulcers, only maximal acid inhibition offers advantage over continued conventional therapy; cure of H. pylori infection is likely to facilitate healing of refractory ulcers. Only with complicated or refractory ulcers should conventional maintenance therapy be continued, at least until successful H. pylori eradication is confirmed. A search for NSAID use is indicated for all ulcer patients. For NSAID-associated ulcers these drugs should be discontinued if possible and H. pylori, if present, should be cured.
A subpopulation of human peripheral blood NK cells that lacks inhibitory receptors for self-MHC is developmentally immature
Authors: Sarah Cooley, Feng Xiao, Michelle Pitt, Michelle Gleason, Valarie McCullar, Tracy L. Bergemann, Karina L. McQueen, Lisbeth A. Guethlein, Peter Parham, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: Blood (2007)
CHI finds poor working relationships hamper hospital's care
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Commission for Health Improvement has called on Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust in southeast England to “urgently resolve” tensions between consultants after an investigation into deaths of babies at the maternity unit.

Releasing its final report, the commission said no evidence existed of a “direct link” between the deaths and the poor working relationships at the unit, but the difficulties were hampering the overall quality of care.

The commission refused to elaborate on the exact nature of the difficulties, saying it was not its role to comment on the performance of individual doctors.

The trust, whose top-tier management was replaced in 2001 after it was awarded a “no stars” performance rating by the Department of Health, called in the commission after a baby died …
CECAL POLYP ON OCCLUDED BASE OF APPENDIX
Authors: Abraham Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The reason for reporting this case is the unusual location of the polyp. Polyps and papillomas occur in any part of the colon. They may be single or multiple and usually are of inflammatory origin. The case reported here was probably due to repeated attacks of inflammation of the appendix by which the lumen of the appendix became closed off from the cecum. The appendiceal lumen thus enclosed became a source of irritation itself, and the response to this was a reaction of the mucosa on the cecal side of the obliterating membrane in the form of a polyp.  A woman, aged 22, married three years, with a negative family history, has one child, aged 2 years, living and well. The menstrual history was negative. At the age of 15 she had an attack of severe abdominal pain while at a girls' camp. This was diagnosed as appendicitis. Since then,
INTERSTAGE WEIGHT GAIN IN INFANTS FOLLOWING THE NORWOOD OPERATION: CHANGING THE OUTCOME
Authors: Karen Uzark, Nancy Rudd, Marsha Elixson, Jennifer Strawn, Jo Ann Nieves, Cathy Smith, Sandra Staveski, Patricia O'Brien, Elizabeth Tong, Yu Wang, Richard Ittenbach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Paper on CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN TUMOURS AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Authors: W. Penfield
Journal: BMJ (1931)

Protective humoral immune responses generated by vaccination, depends on optimal production of antibodies. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to curb undesirable effects of vaccination such as fever. We previously demonstrated that B cells express the “proinflammatory” enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in response to activation stimuli such as the TLR9 ligand CpG DNA. Using genetic approaches and small molecule Cox-2 selective inhibitors, we demonstrated that Cox-2 is crucial for optimal antibody production. Expression of plasma cell transcriptional regulatory factors, including Blimp-1 and Xbp-1, were dependent on Cox-2 activity. Significantly fewer antibody secreting plasma cell precursors were generated in the presence of Cox-2 inhibitors, indicating that Cox-2 is essential for human B cell terminal differentiation. Mice chronically treated with Cox-2 inhibitors produced less neutralizing IgG following live virus infection with vaccinia virus. <i>In</i> vitro studies using human B cells show that all commonly used NSAIDs, as well as Tylenol (acetaminophen), at pharmacologic doses, blunt antibody production. Interestingly, a recent clinical trial showed that Tylenol use in infants blunted antibody responses to a variety of vaccines. These new data support the concept that the Cox pathway is necessary for optimal antibody production. The use of NSAIDs, may impair antibody production to vaccination and to certain infections.
Electrical Ignition of Anaesthetics
Authors: H. W. Swann
Journal: BMJ (1938)

Two papers on electrical ignition of inflammable anaes thetics were recently read at the Institution of Electrical Engineers and, with the discussion which followed, showed that useful research work has been done towards reducing the risk. The purpose of this article is to summarize the more recent contributions to the subject and to suggest their application in practice. Whilst explosions attended by serious results are for tunately rare the Ministry of Health in 1935 thought it desirable to issue a memorandum entitled  Precautions Against Anaesthetic Explosions in Operating Theatres.* This was of a preliminary character, and may be supple mented now that further information is available. The Ministry is aware of a number of accidents, information on which has been gathered from various sources. Although this figure may bear no relation to the actual number of cases, it indicates where the chief risk may lie.
Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity in Skin <i>in Vivo</i> and Keratinocytes <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Meghan E. Samberg, Steven J. Oldenburg, Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Products using the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag-nps) may be found in health and consumer products that routinely contact skin.This study was designed to assess the potential cytotoxicity of Ag-nps in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and their inflammatory and penetrating potential into porcine skin in vivo.We used eight different Ag-nps in this study [unwashed/uncoated (20, 50, and 80 nm particle diameter), washed/uncoated (20, 50, and 80 nm), and carbon-coated (25 and 35 nm)]. Skin was dosed topically for 14 consecutive days. HEK viability was assessed by MTT, alamarBlue (aB), and CellTiter 96 AQueous One (96AQ). Release of the proinflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured.The effect of the unwashed Ag-nps on HEK viability after a 24-hr exposure indicated a significant dose-dependent decrease (p < 0.05) at 0.34 microg/mL with aB and 96AQ and at 1.7 microg/mL with MTT. However, both the washed Ag-nps and carbon-coated Ag-nps showed no significant decrease in viability at any concentration assessed by any of the three assays. For each of the unwashed Ag-nps, we noted a significant increase (p < 0.05) in IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha concentrations. We observed localization of all Ag-nps in cytoplasmic vacuoles of HEKs. Macroscopic observations showed no gross irritation in porcine skin, whereas microscopic and ultrastructural observations showed areas of focal inflammation and localization of Ag-nps on the surface and in the upper stratum corneum layers of the skin.This study provides a better understanding Ag-nps safety in vitro as well as in vivo and a basis for occupational and risk assessment. Ag-nps are nontoxic when dosed in washed Ag-nps solutions or carbon coated.
Comparison of Blood Flow During External and Internal Cardiac Massage in Man
Authors: LOUIS R. M. DEL GUERCIO, NEIL R. FEINS, JOSEPH D. COHN, RAMA P. COOMARASWAMY, STUART B. WOLLMAN, DAVID STATE
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Cardiorespiratory variables measured during attempts at cardiac resuscitation in 11 patients are presented. These were obtained ten times during closed-chest massage and 15 times during open-chest massage. Three patients were studied during both techniques of resuscitation. Cardiac index and stroke index were significantly better with the internal method, and the mean circulation time was significantly shorter.
Combination Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: RODNEY B. NELSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1981Combination Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's DiseaseRODNEY B. NELSON III, M.D.RODNEY B. NELSON III, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-5-713_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by DeVita and colleagues (1) on curability of Hodgkin's disease with combination chemotherapy seems misleadingly optimistic. In the abstract appears the statement ". . . 68% of patients achieving a complete remission have remained disease free beyond 10 years from the end of treatment," which is misleading for three reasons.First, the 68% figure is an error; at least it is inconsistent with the data presented in the text and figures. The true figure should have been 63.5%. This is a minor, if somewhat careless, mistake and is not the only numerical inconsistency in the...Reference1. DEVITASIMONHUBBARD VRS. Curability of advanced Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy: long-term follow-up of MOPP-treated patients at the National Cancer Institute. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:587-95. LinkGoogle Scholar1. DEVITASIMONHUBBARD VRS. Curability of advanced Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy: long-term follow-up of MOPP-treated patients at the National Cancer Institute. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:587-95. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PRENTICEKALBFLEISCHPETERSONFLOURNOYFAREWELLBRESLOW RJANVN. The analysis of failure times in the presence of competing risks. Biometrics. 1978;34:541-54. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. COLTMAN C. Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease. Semin Oncol. 1980;7:155-73. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: MacNeal Memorial Hospital Berwyn, IL 60402 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTheoriebezug 1 May 1981Volume 94, Issue 5Page: 713-714KeywordsCombination chemotherapyHodgkin lymphoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Relation between weight and length at birth and body mass index in young adulthood: cohort study
Authors: H. T. Sorensen, S. Sabroe, K. J Rothman, M. Gillman, P. Fischer, T. I A Sorensen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Few studies have thoroughly examined the relation between weight in early childhood and the later risk of obesity, but recent studies have shown an association between low birth weight and cardiovascular disease in adulthood.1 High birth weight correlates with being overweight in late adolescence,2 and intrauterine growth retardation is associated with a higher ratio of waist to hip circumference (an indicator of abdominal fatness) in men.1 We examined the association between weight and length at birth and adult body mass index in Danish conscripts.

We conducted our study in the fifth conscription district of Denmark. Nearly all Danish men have to appear before the draft board when they are between 18 and 26. We studied all men born after 1 January 1973 …
The role of Hfe in transferrin-bound iron uptake by hepatocytes
Authors: Anita C.G. Chua, Carly E. Herbison, Sarah F. Drake, Ross M. Graham, John K. Olynyk, Debbie Trinder
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis results in hepatic iron overload. Hepatocytes acquire transferrin-bound iron via transferrin receptor (Tfr) 1 and Tfr1-independent pathways (possibly Tfr2-mediated). In this study, the role of Hfe in the regulation of hepatic transferrin-bound iron uptake by these pathways was investigated using Hfe knockout mice. Iron and transferrin uptake by hepatocytes from Hfe knockout, non–iron-loaded and iron-loaded wild-type mice were measured after incubation with 50 nM 125I-Tf-59Fe (Tfr1 pathway) and 5 μM 125I-Tf-59Fe (Tfr1-independent or putative Tfr2 pathway). Tfr1 and Tfr2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Tfr1-mediated iron and transferrin uptake by Hfe knockout hepatocytes were increased by 40% to 70% compared with iron-loaded wild-type hepatocytes with similar iron levels and Tfr1 expression. Iron and transferrin uptake by the Tfr1-independent pathway was approximately 100-fold greater than by the Tfr1 pathway and was not affected by the absence of Hfe. Diferric transferrin increased hepatocyte Tfr2 protein expression, resulting in a small increase in transferrin but not iron uptake by the Tfr1-independent pathway. Conclusion: Tfr1-mediated iron uptake is regulated by Hfe in hepatocytes. The Tfr1-independent pathway exhibited a much greater capacity for iron uptake than the Tfr1 pathway but it was not regulated by Hfe. Diferric transferrin up-regulated hepatocyte Tfr2 protein expression but not iron uptake, suggesting that Tfr2 may have a limited role in the Tfr1-independent pathway.
Decreased Serum C-Peptide/Insulin Molar Ratios After Oral Glucose Ingestion in Hyperthyroid Patients
Authors: Kwame Osei, James M Falko, Thomas M O'Dorisio, David R Adam
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Since C-peptide/immunoreactive insulin (IRI) molar ratios may reflect hepatic extraction of insulin, we measured simultaneous serum glucose, IRI, and C-peptide levels during fasting and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after 75 g of oral glucose in 10 hyperthyroid patients and 10 age- and weight-matched controls. Mean fasting serum glucose and IRI levels were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid versus control subjects (glucose: 4.9 ± 0.3 mmol/L versus 4.36 ± 0.11 mmol/L, P &amp;lt; 0.01; IRI: 0.10 ± 0.02 pmol/ml versus 0.05 ± 0.01 pmol/ml; P &amp;lt; 0.025). After glucose, mean serum glucose levels were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid versus control subjects at all times studied except for 180 min (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Mean IRI levels were significantly higher at all times studied including 180 min (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Mean fasting C-peptide levels were significantly greater in the hyperthyroid patients compared with the controls (1.2 ± 0.25 pmol/ml versus 0.62 ± 0.09 pmol/ml; P &amp;lt; 0.025). After oral glucose, mean C-peptide levels were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.025) in the hyperthyroid compared with control subjects at 30–60 min but not at 90–180 min. Molar ratios of C-peptide/IRI were significantly lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the hyperthyroid versus control subjects at all times studied except fasting. In summary, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinism occur in hyperthyroidism. In addition, C-peptide/IRI molar ratios are reduced after oral glucose ingestion.
Immunological Studies of Coagulation Factor XIII
Authors: E. D. Israels, F. Paraskevas, L. G. Israels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Human fibrin-stabilizing factor (Factor XIII) has been studied immunologically by the preparation of specific anti-Factor XIII antiserum in rabbits. On immunodiffusion it was found that normal plasma produced two precipitin lines. One of the precipitin lines was identical with that present in soluble platelet extract (the alpha-component), the other with that present in normal serum (beta-component). Plasma and serum of patients with congenital Factor XIII deficiency contained only the beta-component. By adsorption it was possible to prepare a second antiserum with solely anti-alpha-activity that did not react with the serum or plasma of XIII-deficient patients. Both antisera neutralized the clot-stabilizing activity of normal plasma. The action of thrombin on fibrinogen-free plasma or platelet extract abolished the immunoprecipitin alpha-line but did not reduce the capacity to neutralize antibody as measured by clot stabilization. It is concluded that the plasma Factor XIII molecule consists of two immunologically identifiable components, alpha and beta. The clot-stabilizing activity and thrombin-reactive site are situated on the alpha-component. Patients with congenital Factor XIII deficiency are devoid of immunologically identifiable or functional alpha-component but retain immunologically identifiable beta-component. It is this beta-component that accounts for the observed immunologically detectable Factor XIII in those patients devoid of clot-stabilizing activity.