tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Going nuclear in metabolic and cardiovascular disease
Authors: C. K. Glass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Estrogen receptors, PPARs, and liver X receptors are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate diverse aspects of development and homeostasis. Recent studies of the biologic roles of these receptors and their mechanisms of action have significantly advanced our understanding of transcriptional programs that control lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, immunity and inflammation, and wound repair. These findings provide insights into the therapeutic actions of existing drugs that target nuclear receptors and raise new possibilities for development of safer, more effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this introduction to this Review series, underlying mechanisms that enable nuclear receptors to positively and negatively regulate gene expression are presented as background to the focused reviews on estrogen receptors, PPARs, liver X receptors, and the PPARγ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family of coactivators.
Why does exercise terminate at the maximal lactate steady state intensity?
Authors: B Baron, T D Noakes, J Dekerle, F Moullan, S Robin, R Matran, P Pelayo
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

The purpose of this study was to measure physiological responses during exercise performed until exhaustion at the exercise intensity corresponding to the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in order to determine why subjects stopped.Eleven male trained subjects performed a test at MLSS on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion.Time to exhaustion was 55.0 (SD 8.5) min. No variation was observed between the 10th and the last minute for arterial pyruvate, bicarbonate, and haemoglobin concentrations, redox state, arterial oxygen pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, osmolality, haematocrit, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, and gas exchange ratio (p>0.05). Arterial lactate concentration and arterial carbon dioxide pressure decreased significantly whereas pH, base excess and the Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) increased significantly (p<0.05). Although respiratory rate, minute ventilation and heart rate increased significantly until exhaustion (p<0.05), values at termination of the MLSS test were significantly lower than values measured during a maximal exercise test (p<0.05). Blood ammonia concentrations rose progressively during the MLSS test. However, there is no known mechanism by which this change could cause peripheral fatigue.Exercise termination was not associated with evidence of failure in any physiological system during prolonged exercise performed at MLSS. Thus the biological mechanisms of exercise termination at MLSS were compatible with an integrative homoeostatic control of peripheral physiological systems during exercise.
Involvement of M cells in the bacterial invasion of Peyer's patches: a common mechanism shared by Yersinia enterocolitica and other enteroinvasive bacteria.
Authors: A Grutzkau, C Hanski, H Hahn, E O Riecken
Journal: Gut (1990)

Recent evidence indicates that ileal Peyer9s patches represent the main infection route for Yersinia enterocolitica. In this study transmission and scanning electron microscopy have shown that only a small fraction of bacteria present in the lumen adhere to the follicle-associated murine epithelium with no discernible preference for either M or absorptive cells. Yersiniae attached to M cells are phagocytosed and transported from the lumen into the lamina propria. No invasion of columnar absorptive cells was observed. These data, in combination with recently published reports, indicate that the involvement of M cells is a common step in bacterial invasion of Peyer9s patches.
Follicular dendritic cell–dependent drug resistance of non-Hodgkin lymphoma involves cell adhesion–mediated Bim down-regulation through induction of microRNA-181a
Authors: Tint Lwin, Jianhong Lin, Yong Sung Choi, Xinwei Zhang, Lynn C. Moscinski, Kenneth L. Wright, Eduardo M. Sotomayor, William S. Dalton, Jianguo Tao
Journal: Blood (2010)
The oxygen uptake - work-output relationship of runners during graded cycling exercise: sprinters vs. endurance runners.
Authors: K. Niemelä, I. Palatsi, J. Takkunen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1980)

In order to study oxygen consumption (VO2) for a given work load at the exhaustive level of a graded cycling exercise in well-trained runners, a progressive cycle ergometer exercise test was performed on 9 sprinters and 12 endurance runners, all in good national standing; 12 sedentary men served as control subjects. The relationship between VO2 and work-output appeared to be linear in most of the subjects, but a plateau phenomenon was observed in two sprinters and two endurance runners. An upwards curvilinear increase in VO2 was noticed during the last two minutes of exercise in four endurance runners, but not in any of the sprinters. The four endurance runners with this unexpected increase in VO2 had a significantly higher (p < .01) "peak VO2" (mean = 75.3 ml.kg.-1.min.-1) than the rest of the endurance runners (mean = 55.1), and a significantly higher (p < .001) peak VO2 than the sprinters (mean = 46.0). It is concluded that the plateau phenomenon appears in runners during graded cycle ergometry, though rather seldom. It is less clear if the endurance runners showing the upwards curvilinear increase in VO2 possess a better aerobic performance capacity towards the end of progressive exercise. Nevertheless, the linear relationship between VO2 and work load does not appear to be the only one observed in runners during graded exercise.
CYFRA 21-1 as a tumour marker for bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: M Rapellino, J Niklinski, F Pecchio, M Furman, S Baldi, L Chyczewski, E Ruffini, E Chyczewska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Despite extensive research, the role of the commonly employed tumour markers in the diagnosis of lung carcinoma is yet to be clarified. The utility of a new marker, CYFRA 21-1, in the preoperative evaluation of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was investigated. CYFRA 21-1 was determined with a radiometric assay in serum of 280 patients with lung cancer and 208 patients with various nonmalignant lung diseases. The levels of the marker were significantly higher in lung cancer patients. Among benign lung diseases, elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels were found in pulmonary fibrosis. Using a cut-off of 3.2 ng.ml-1 (95th percentile of levels obtained in benign lung disease), the total sensitivity of the marker was 48%. The best sensitivity was obtained in squamous cell lung cancer (60%). The highest values of CYFRA 21-1 were found in metastatic lung cancer, and the marker sensitivity was more elevated in stage IIIb and IV. On the other hand, 40% of patients with surgically resectable lung cancer had CYFRA 21-1 levels above the cut-off. We conclude that CYFRA 21-1 may be satisfactorily employed in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign lung diseases in association with other clinical and radiological data.
Case-based discussion from the Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust: a painful paradox
Authors: Charles Sharp, Manish Powari, Ravik Mascarenhas, Alexander Spiers, Peter O Froeschle, Bipen D Patel, David A Silver, Toby M Maher, Michael A Gibbons
Journal: Thorax (2014)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors, despite being an effective treatment for granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis and Crohn's, are recognised to trigger a paradoxical granulomatous response.1 ,2 Reported cases have predominantly described lymph node, pulmonary and skin manifestations. We present a case of a granulomatous thoracic spine lesion, leading to atraumatic fracture, arising as a consequence of etanarcept treatment of connective tissue disease with associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Dr C Sharp (StR) 

A 50-year-old woman, a retired hairdresser, with rheumatoid arthritis/Jo-1 overlap syndrome, diagnosed 14 years earlier, and with associated but hitherto stable ILD, was referred to the ILD service with progressive dyspnoea and deteriorating lung function. Other relevant medical history included febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. The patient reported smoking 10–20 cigarettes per day, but had had no occupational or animal exposures and no past exposure to tuberculosis. At presentation, there was marked joint destruction though no active synovitis, and systemic symptoms were well controlled with the anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody etanercept which had been commenced in 2006. Prior to commencement of the etanercept, a Heaf test had been negative. There was no history of significant corticosteroid usage. Respiratory examination was remarkable only for fine bi-basal inspiratory crackles.

Pulmonary function tests in January 2006 demonstrated a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 2.62 L (95% predicted), forced vital capacity (FVC) 3.27 L (105% predicted), with diffusion coefficient for carbon monoxide (DLCO) 5.08 mL CO/Min/mm Hg (60% predicted). At presentation to the ILD service in May 2010, the values had fallen to FEV1 2.02 L (78%), FVC 2.53 L (86%) and DLco 3.73 (44%).

Autoimmune profile demonstrated a positive rheumatoid factor (99 IU/mL), a positive antinuclear antibody and the presence of anti-Ro, anti-La and anti-Jo-1 antibodies. A high-resolution (HR) CT scan of the thorax and an echocardiogram were arranged.

Dr A Spiers (Consultant Thoracic …
Regulation Of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Lysate-induced Il-8 Expression In Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Y. Lee, K. Kim, K. Lee, H. Jee, Y. Park, B. Choi, H. Yum, M. Sohn, M. Chang, K. Sohn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Resident Memory T Cells as Surrogate Markers of the Efficacy of Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Mevyn Nizard, Hélène Roussel, Eric Tartour
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Cancer vaccine boost via the cervicovaginal rather than the intramuscular route of immunization appears to be crucial to induce genital CD8(+) T cells and tumor regression. This clinical activity is correlated with the ability of the mucosal boost to elicit resident memory T cells in the genital tract.
Outcome After Radiotherapy Alone for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression in Patients With Oligometastases
Authors: Dirk Rades, Theo Veninga, Lukas J.A. Stalpers, Hiba Basic, Volker Rudat, Johann H. Karstens, Juergen Dunst, Steven E. Schild
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To investigate outcome and prognosis of metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) patients with oligometastatic disease treated with radiotherapy alone.Oligometastatic disease was defined as involvement of three or fewer vertebrae and lack of other bone or visceral metastases. Five hundred twenty-one patients with oligometastatic disease and MSCC were evaluated for functional outcome, ambulatory status, local control of MSCC, and survival. Furthermore, seven potential prognostic factors were investigated.Motor function improved in 40% (n = 207), remained stable in 54% (n = 279), and deteriorated in 7% (n = 35) of patients. Fifty-eight (54%) of 107 nonambulatory patients became ambulatory, and 388 (94%) of 414 ambulatory patients remained ambulatory. Improved functional outcome was significantly associated with tumor type and slower development of motor deficits (> 14 days). Local control at 1, 2, and 3 years was 92%, 88%, and 78%, respectively. Improved local control was significantly associated with long-course radiotherapy. Survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 71%, 58%, and 50%, respectively. Better survival was significantly associated with tumor type, ambulatory status, slower development of motor deficits, and long-course radiotherapy. Patients who developed motor deficits slowly (onset > 14 days before initiating treatment) were further analyzed. In this subgroup, the best results were observed for myeloma/lymphoma and breast cancer patients. No patient had progression of motor deficits. One hundred percent (myeloma/lymphoma) and 99% (breast cancer) of patients were ambulatory after radiotherapy. One-year local control was 100% and 98%, 1-year survival was 94% and 89%.Given the limitations of a retrospective review, improved outcome of patients with oligometastatic MSCC was associated with myeloma/lymphoma and breast cancer, slower development of motor deficits, and a more prolonged course of radiation.
The contribution of thyroxine-binding prealbumin to the binding of thyroxine in human serum, as assessed by immunoadsorption
Authors: Kenneth A. Woeber, Sidney H. Ingbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

An immunoadsorption technique employing a rabbit antiserum specific for human serum prealbumin has been devised to remove thyroxine (T(4))-binding prealbumin (TBPA) from serum completely without affecting the T(4)-binding activity of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) or the concentration of the other major proteins in serum. As judged from the proportion of T(4) associated with the antigen-antibody precipitate, only about 15% of the endogenous T(4) is bound by TBPA, a value considerably less than that indicated by electrophoretic methods. As judged from the increase in the proportion of free T(4) that followed immunoadsorption of TBPA, TBPA does act as one determinant of the proportion of free T(4) but is far less important than TBG in this respect. A decrease in the T(4)-binding capacity of TBPA cannot solely account for the increase in the proportion of free T(4) in the sera of ill patients, since a comparable increase does not occur in normal sera after complete removal of TBPA. From data obtained in normal and abnormal sera before and after immunoadsorption of TBPA, estimates of the equilibrium constants for the interactions between T(4) and its binding proteins, as they exist in serum, have been derived. The values obtained were: K(ALB), 6.2 x 10(5); K(TBPA), 2.3 x 10(8); and K(TBG), 1.7 x 10(10).
Predictors of Repeated Wheeze in the First Year of Life
Authors: DIANE R. GOLD, HARRIET A. BURGE, VINCENT CAREY, DONALD K. MILTON, THOMAS PLATTS-MILLS, SCOTT T. WEISS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

While more than 80% of childhood asthmatics are allergic to one or more inhaled allergens, the role of inhaled allergens in the induction of wheeze in the first year of life is unknown. In a prospective birth-cohort study of 499 children of asthmatic/allergic parents from metropolitan Boston, we examined home allergen concentrations measured within the first 3 mo of life as predictors of repeated wheeze episodes in the first year of life. In multivariate analyses adjusting for maternal asthma and dog in the home, predictors of two or more wheeze episodes in the first year of life included maternal smoking during pregnancy (relative risk [RR] = 1.83; 95% confidence limit [CL]: 1.12, 3.00), lower respiratory illness in the first year of life (croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia) (RR = 2.25; 95% CL:1.58, 3.19), low birthweight (RR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 1.58 for an interquartile difference), and Bla g 1 or 2 (cockroach) allergen level in the family room > 0.05 U/g dust (RR = 1.76; 95% CL: 1.20, 2.57). Cockroach allergen in the family room and repeated wheeze remained significant after adjustment for socioeconomic factors including race and income (RR = 1.63; 95% CL: 1.05, 2.55). It is unknown whether the association between cockroach and repeated wheeze in infancy represents a cockroach-related increased risk of bronchial inflammation through nonallergenic or allergenic mechanisms.
Glomerulotubular Balance, Tubuloglomerular Feedback, and Salt Homeostasis
Authors: Scott C. Thomson, Roland C. Blantz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

The homeostasis of NaCl is critical to complex organisms with closed blood systems. Kidneys regulate this salt excretion by modulating the rapport between glomeruli and tubules. The tubules respond to glomeruli with glomerulotubular balance, whereas glomeruli respond to tubules through tubuloglomerular feedback. These relationships are dynamic, mysterious, and amenable to mathematical analyses. The biology underlining what is known about these interactions is observational, fragmentary, and somewhat inconclusive. Discussed here is a simple tethering of these interrelated concepts.
Role of the chemokines RANTES, monocyte chemotactic proteins-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 in childhood asthma
Authors: E. Rojas-Ramos, A.F. Avalos, L. Perez-Fernandez, F. Cuevas-Schacht, E. Valencia-Maqueda, L.M. Teran
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Eosinophil recruitment into the airways is a feature of asthma in children. However, the mechanisms by which these cells migrate into the airways are not fully understood. The present study investigated the presence of the eosinophil-activating chemokines regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP)-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from both asthmatic (n=10, age 6-10 yrs) and normal children (n=10, age 5-10 yrs). Measurements of chemokines in BAL fluid showed that levels of RANTES, MCPs-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 were significantly increased in fluid obtained from asthmatic children when compared with normal children. Among the different chemokines, RANTES was the cytokine released in greatest quantities in BAL fluid from asthmatic children. There was a significant correlation between the concentrations of MCP-4 and eosinophil numbers in BAL fluid and a trend between both chemokines MCP-3 and eotaxin-2 and eosinophils. Interestingly, the levels of most chemokines correlated with one another. These findings suggest that RANTES monocyte chemotactic proteins-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 may regulate eosinophil trafficking into the airways of asthmatic children in a coordinated manner.
Effortless activity tracking with Google Fit
Authors: Paolo Menaspà
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Platform Android (V.4.0 and above)

Cost Free

About the app Google Fit actively contributes to the evolution of physical activity tracking with over five million downloads in 6 months since its release. The application is a simple and effortless activity tracker that runs in the background of Android devices and automatically recognises and records physical activities such as walking, running and cycling. Users can set their own activity goal (ie, duration of activity or number of steps) and using a countdown they can see how far they are from achieving their daily goal. The app also presents an overview of daily …
EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTERONE, HYDROCORTISONE, AND CORTICOTROPIN ON PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES IN RABBITS
Authors: Edward H. Kass, Mary I. Kendrick, Maxwell Finland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

The effects of hydrocortisone, corticosterone, and pituitary adrenocorticotropin on antibody production were studied immunochemically in rabbits. Hydrocortisone in doses as low as 2.5 mg. per day (approximately 1.0 mg. per kg. per day) markedly depressed antibody production whereas corticosterone in doses four times as large exerted no significant effect. Corticotropin in doses of 15 units daily exerted an effect similar to that of corticosterone, but its effect was more like that of hydrocortisone when given in doses twice as great. This finding is in agreement with observations that the prolonged administration of corticotropin in sufficient dosage leads to increased output of hydrocortisone by the adrenal cortex of the rabbit. Corticosterone did not antagonize the effect of hydrocortisone on antibody production, but seemed to act additively with it. Although each of the hormones tested induced some adverse effect on nitrogen balance as measured by the weights of the animals, and hydrocortisone induced the more striking decreases in weight, there was no direct correlation between the effects of these hormones on antibody production and their effects on weight.
Relevance of Genetics and Genomics for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Donna K. Arnett, Alison E. Baird, Ruth A. Barkley, Craig T. Basson, Eric Boerwinkle, Santhi K. Ganesh, David M. Herrington, Yuling Hong, Cashell Jaquish, Deborah A. McDermott, Christopher J. O’Donnell
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health problem in the United States and around the world. Evidence accumulated over decades convincingly demonstrates that family history in a parent or a sibling is associated with atherosclerotic CVD, manifested as coronary heart disease, stroke, and/or peripheral arterial disease. Although there are several mendelian disorders that contribute to CVD, most common forms of CVD are believed to be multifactorial and to result from many genes, each with a relatively small effect working alone or in combination with modifier genes and/or environmental factors. The identification and the characterization of these genes and their modifiers would enhance prediction of CVD risk and improve prevention, treatment, and quality of care. This scientific statement describes the approaches researchers are using to advance understanding of the genetic basis of CVD and details the current state of knowledge regarding the genetics of myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic CVD, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Current areas of interest and investigation--including gene-environment interaction, pharmacogenetics, and genetic counseling--are also discussed. The statement concludes with a list of specific recommendations intended to help incorporate usable knowledge into current clinical and public health practice, foster and guide future research, and prepare both researchers and practitioners for the changes likely to occur as molecular genetics moves from the laboratory to clinic.