tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5316: Inflammation-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells have enhanced resistance to apoptosis
Authors: Olesya Y. Chornoguz, Lydia Grmail, Pratima Sinha, Konstantin Artemenko, Roman Zubarev, Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to deduce the influence of inflammation on apoptosis of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) accumulate in patients and animals with cancer where they mediate systemic immune suppression. MDSC induced in heightened inflammatory environments with high levels of IL-1β and/or IL-6 accumulate more rapidly, are more potent suppressors of T cell activation, produce more IL-10, and have a greater ability to down-regulate macrophage production of IL-12, as compared to MDSC that develop in environments with lower levels of these cytokines. To determine how inflammation enhances MDSC levels and activity we used mass spectrometry to identify proteins produced by MDSC induced in highly inflammatory vs. less inflammatory settings. Proteomic pathway analysis identified Fas pathway and caspase network proteins, leading us to hypothesize that inflammation enhances MDSC accumulation by down-regulating Fas-mediated MDSC apoptosis. Using cytochrome C and activated caspase-3 and caspase-8 as indicators of apoptosis, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated that inflammation-induced MDSC have enhanced resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. These results suggest that an inflammatory environment protects MDSC against extrinsic-induced apoptosis resulting in MDSC with a longer in vivo half-life and may explain why MDSC accumulate more rapidly and to higher levels in inflammatory settings. (supported by NIH R01CA84232 and RO1CA115880). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5316.
Review: Screening or case-finding questionnaires used alone are not effective in the management of depression
Authors: Matthew Hotopf
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club15 July 2008Review: Screening or case-finding questionnaires used alone are not effective in the management of depressionMatthew Hotopf, MDMatthew Hotopf, MDKing's College London, London, England, United Kingdom (M.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-02009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGilbody S, Sheldon T, House A. Screening and case-finding instruments for depression: a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2008;178:997-1003. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18390942Clinical Impact RatingsMental Health: GIM/FP/GP: References1 National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Depression: core interventions in the management of depression in primary and secondary care. London (UK): Her Majesty's Stationary Office. 2004. Google Scholar2 MacMillan HL, Patterson CJ, Wathen CN, et al. Screening for depression in primary care: recommendation statement from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. CMAJ. 2005;172:33-5. [PMID: 15632399] Google Scholar3 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Screening for Depression: Systematic Evidence Review No 6. Rockville (MC): The Agency; 2002. Google Scholar4 Gilbody S, Bower P, Fletcher J, Richards D, Sutton AJ. Collaborative care for depression: a cumulative meta-analysis and review of longer-term outcomes. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2314-21. [PMID: 17130383] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom (M.H.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 July 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 2008Volume 149, Issue 2Page: JC1-9KeywordsAnxietyDatabasesHealth economicsLibrariesMedical servicesPsychiatry and mental healthQuestionnairesSystematic reviews ePublished: 15 July 2008 Issue Published: 15 July 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
34 Crosspriming of hepatitis C virus specific CD8+ T cells in mice by immunization with dentritic cells transfected with self-replicating RNA
Authors: V RACANELLI, S BEHRENS, J ALIBERTI, B REHERMANN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a positive single stranded RNA virus belonging to the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. BVDV has a wide host range that includes most ruminants. Noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV may establish lifelong persistent infections in calves following infection of the fetus between 40 and 120 days of gestation. Cytopathic (cp) BVDV strains arise from ncp strains via mutations. The most common cp mutations are insertions of RNA derived from either host or a duplication of viral sequences into the region of the genome coding for the NS2/3 protein. Superinfection of a persistently infected animal with a cp virus can give rise to mucosal disease, a condition that is invariably fatal. A herd of 136 bred 3-year old cows was studied. These cows gave birth to 41 PI animals of which 23 succumbed to mucosal disease. In this study, we characterized the ncp and cp viruses isolated from 13 of these animals. All viruses belonged to the BVDV type 2a genotype and were highly similar. All the cp viruses contained an insertion in the NS2/3 coding region consisting of the sequences derived from the transcript encoding a DnaJ protein named Jiv90. Comparison of the inserted DnaJ regions along with the flanking viral sequences in the insertion 3′ end of the 13 cp isolates revealed sequence identities ranging from 96% to 99% with common borders. This suggested that one animal likely developed a cp virus that then progressively spread to the other 12 animals. Interestingly, when the inserted mammalian gene replicated within viral genome, it showed conservation of the same conserved motifs between the different species, which may indicate a role for these motifs in the insertion function within the virus genome. This is the first characterization of multiple cp bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates that spread in a herd under natural conditions.
Glyoxalase I deficiency is associated with an unusual level of advanced glycation end products in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: Toshio Miyata, Charles Van Ypersele De Strihou, Toshiyuki Imasawa, Atsushi Yoshino, Yasuhiko Ueda, Hiroyuki Ogura, Katsuya Kominami, Hiroshi Onogi, Reiko Inagi, Masaomi Nangaku, Kiyoshi Kurokawa
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Information about Cancer Treatment
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

About 1/2 year ago, Dr. Gordon Zubrod, chief of the National Cancer Institute's chemotherapy program, is alleged to have said that each week he becomes aware of new advances in the technics of controlling cancer, but that this information is not reaching all the doctors who might be interested. The impression was that medical communication had certain "medieval" aspects, the lethargic pace of medical-journal publication forcing doctors to rely on verbal exchange of information.1 Eugene Braunwald made use of one of these archaic publications to disseminate somewhat similar ideas about "production policies whose velocities have not accelerated along with the . . .
S87 Delivered dose intensity of gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2 with cisplatin at 80 mg/m2 (GC80) and 50 mg/m2 (GC50) and carboplatin AUC 6 (GCb6) in a phase III trial of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): correlations with clinical outcomes
Authors: D. Dunlop, D. Ferry, H. W. Jarrett, L. J. Billingham, J. Thompson, M. Kumar, G. Skailes, M. Nicolson, R. Shah, P. Leonard, A. Chetiyawardana, P. Wells, C. Lewanski, P. Woll, B. Crosse, K. J. O'Byrne
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Chemotherapy agents have dose-related effectiveness. The BTOG2 trial is a large phase III trial supported by the British Thoracic Oncology Group patients addressing this issue in which advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomised to GC80 vs GC50 vs GCb6. Treatment delays and dose reductions due to toxicity mean that patients do not actually receive planned treatments and the BTOG2 trial provides an opportunity to investigate the delivered dose intensity (DDI) of these treatments in a large group of patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Carboplatin dose was calculated using the Calvert equation, incorporating estimated GFR based on the Wright equation including creatinine kinase. Delivered dose intensity (DDI) for each patient was calculated as the mean of the per-cycle DDI which is the ratio of the delivered vs planned dose per day, calculated for platinum and gemcitabine separately. <h3>Results</h3> Starting doses for cycle 1 were generally as per protocol. Doses of carboplatin are higher using estimated GFR from the novel Wright formula compared to standard Cockcroft–Gault approach. Dose reductions on cycles 2–4 were more apparent for GC80 compared to GC50 (56% vs 42% with =1 dose reduction) but dose delivered remained high with reductions to median of 77 mg/m<sup>2</sup> by cycle 4. Dose reduction rate was highest on GCb6 with 71% of patients experiencing =1 reduction, with median dose of AUC 4.5 at cycle 4. Gemcitabine dose reductions parallelled those seen with platins, occurring more frequently with GCb6. Overall DDI for platinum was high for all treatments but lowest for GCb6 (96% vs 99% vs 87%). Response rates were GC50 23%, GC80 33% and GCb6 28%. There was no evidence that dose reductions, treatment delays or DDI was associated with response thus the delivered dose of GC80 was sufficient to generate this 10% difference. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Doses of cisplatin at 80 mg/m<sup>2</sup> and carboplatin at AUC6 based on the Wright formula in combination with gemcitabine are deliverable but individuals have higher chance of treatment delays and dose reductions with carboplatin. However the reduced DDI does not appear to have an effect on clinical outcomes.
Consensus on Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Glen N. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  The proceedings of the consensus development panel convened by the National Institutes of Health on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in June 1985, 1 and the resulting consensus statement published in JAMA , raised questions about the consensus statement process in general and specific concerns over the handling of the ticklish subject of ECT.  One of the most curious practices of the current consensus panel format is the intentional selection of panelists who are expressly not expert in the topic (eg, ECT) under review, although otherwise generally knowledgeable and sagacious. 2 This panel of 14 included eight psychiatrists and representatives from neurology, law, psychology and business, and epidemiology. Moreover, to require a short time frame for hearing expert presentations and for preparing an authoritative statement would seem of limited value when grappling with such a complex subject.  Given these limitations, the statement on ECT describes with reasonable accuracy the potential
Surgical audit: Comparison of the work load and results of two hospitals in the same district.
Authors: O J Gilmore, N J Griffiths, J C Connolly, A W Dunlop, S Hart, J P Thomson, I P Todd
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Surgical audit is being undertaken to monitor and compare (by computer) the type of patient, work load, and results of two similar surgical units. Both units are in the City and Hackney District of London, one at St Bartholomew's Hospital and the other at Hackney Hospital. During 1978, 736 patients were admitted by the unit at St Bartholomew's Hospital and 902 by the unit at Hackney. At St Bartholomew's 70% of admissions were elective compared with 49% at Hackney, where 86% of patients lived within the district compared with only 36% at St Bartholomew's. The wound was the commonest site for complications, infection affecting 9% of those at Hackney and 6% at St Bartholomew's, despite identical antibiotic policies. There were six post-operative deaths at St Bartholomew's and 32 at Hackney. In both hospitals the length of stay was similar, 50% of patients being discharged within one week and 80% within two weeks. As a result of the audit a vigorous venous thrombosis prophylactic regimen has been instituted, and at Hackney the anaesthetic department has been strengthened and a new intensive care unit opened.
Do the Poor Sue More?
Authors: Kenneth A. Kern
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Recently, Burstin et al 1 studied liability claims rates for medical malpractice among the poor and reported that indigent and elderly patients sue at rates one-fifth to one-tenth that of higher socioeconomic groups. While preparing a recent study on risk prevention related to medical malpractice in breast cancer, 2 I noted a similar effect specifically related to this disease. I write to corroborate the general findings of Burstin et al in the specific area of breast cancer malpractice litigation.  Data are derived from three surveys of the professional liability claims experience of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) during the years 1987, 1990, and 1992. 3 About 2000 members, or 10% of ACOG's membership, voluntarily responded to each year's survey. Tabulating the results from all three surveys, members reported 104 claims for breast cancer malpractice (largely failure to diagnose breast cancer) out of 1542 overall
1311 NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IS NOT MORE FREQUENT AMONG HYPERTENSIVES AND NON-DIPPERS
Authors: S. Michopoulos, E. Zambeli, E. Manios, V. Chouzouri, L. Sarika, C. Skevaki, V. Kalampoki, N. Zakopoulos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Accuracy of Precordial Palpation for Detecting Increased Left Ventricular Volume
Authors: STEVEN D. EILEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Objective data on the reliability of precordial palpation in detecting left ventricular enlargement are scarce. Therefore, we evaluated 41 patients by physical examination and two-dimensional echocardiography to determine the relation between the location of the apex and left ventricular end-diastolic volume. An apical impulse lateral to the mid-clavicular line or greater than 10 cm from the mid-sternal line was sensitive but not specific as an indicator of left ventricular enlargement. In patients without left ventricular hypertrophy, an apical diameter greater than 3 cm in the left lateral decubitus was sensitive (92%) and specific (91%) for an enlarged left ventricle. The positive and negative predictive values were 86% and 95% respectively. Therefore, the location of the apical impulse in relation to the mid-clavicular line or the mid-sternal line is not a reliable indicator of increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume. However, an apical impulse greater than 3 cm may be an accurate indicator of left ventricular enlargement.
Effect of triamterene on leucocyte sodium and potassium levels in heart disease.
Authors: E K Donaldson, J Patrick, S Sivapragasm, M O Ming, G A Alleyne
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Sodium and potassium levels in plasma and leucocytes and the sodium efflux rate constants of leucocytes were measured in patients with congenital heart disease not on treatment, patients with valvular heart disease being treated with digoxin and conventional diuretics, and patients with valvular heart disease receiving digoxin and either conventional diuretics or triamterene or both. The group being treated with digoxin and conventional diuretics showed low cellular potassium levels, low sodium efflux rate constants, and a rise in cellular sodium levels. Patients given triamterene showed a rise in potassium levels in plasma and cells and in the sodium efflux rate constant.
Health, Society, and the Physician: Problem-based Learning of the Social Sciences and Humanities
Authors: Thomas P. Almy, Kathleen K. Colby, Michael Zubkoff, Dale S. Gephart, Margaret Moore-West, Laurie L. Lundquist
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

We describe a required course for fourth-year medical students focusing on the application of the social sciences and the humanities to critical decisions in the practice of medicine. During 160 hours (70 with faculty contact) in a 7-week period, active, patient-centered, problem-based learning takes place in small collaborating groups, is facilitated by trained tutors, and uses computerized access to library materials plus reference files and resource persons. Major issues identified in the cases are clarified in complementary lectures and symposia. Formative evaluation is ongoing within tutorial groups. Summative evaluation is determined by the individual student's performance in a final complex management problem using a simulated patient. Evaluation of the course, and the basis for its ongoing revision, are provided by participating students and faculty, whose evaluations of the course have been favorable in 80% to 90% of cases.
Down-regulation of liver Galβ1, 4GlcNAc α2, 6-sialyltransferase gene by ethanol significantly correlates with alcoholic steatosis in humans
Authors: Maokai Gong, Leslie Castillo, Robert S. Redman, Mamatha Garige, Kenneth Hirsch, Magnus Azuine, Richard L. Amdur, Devanshi Seth, Paul S. Haber, M. Raj Lakshman
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
1 Adrenoceptor mediated signal transduction in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes: effects of prolonged hypoxia and reoxygenation
Authors: T. Kagiya, K. J Rocha-Singh, N. Honbo, J. S Karliner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective — The aim was to study the effects of prolonged hypoxia and reoxygenation on α1 adrenoceptors and inositol phosphate accumulation in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes maintained in culture for 6-8 d. Design — Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were subjected to 2 h hypoxia followed by 2 h reoxygenation. Cells were harvested at various times during hypoxia and after reoxygenation and measurements of α1 adrenoceptor density and affinity and determinations of basal and (–)-noradrenaline stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation were carried out. Experimental material—A neonatal rat ventricular myocyte preparation almost completely free of contaminating non-myocytes was used. Cells were grown in serum containing medium for 5 d before experiments were performed. α1 Adrenoceptors were measured using the radioligand 125I-HEAT and inositol phosphates were measured by anion exchange chromatography after incubation with 1 μM (–)-noradrenaline for 5 min. Measurements and main results — Hypoxia resulted in an increase in α1 adrenoceptor density which was reversed by reoxygenation. There were no changes in antagonist affinity. (–)-Noradrenaline stimulated inositol phosphate production was increased at 1 h hypoxia but declined to control levels after 2 h hypoxia, while basal levels increased significantly at this time. This pattern was similar for all inositol phosphates measured: inositol-1-phosphate, inositol bisphosphate, and the putative second messenger, inositol trisphosphate. Displacement by (–)-noradrenaline of 125I-HEAT binding was signficantly shifted to the right after 2 h hypoxia. Conclusions — Prolonged hypoxia in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes increases α1 adrenoceptor density without change in antagonist affinity. Inositol phosphates follow a biphasic response, increasing after 1 h and decreasing after 2 h hypoxia in response to (−)-noradrenaline stimulation. This second messenger response and the rightward shift of the (−)-noradrenaline displacement curve suggests that after 2 h hypoxia there is a decrease in agonist affinity for the α1 adrenoceptor consistent with uncoupling of the α1 adrenoceptor from its effector.
Epidemiology of cholera in travellers, and conclusions for vaccination recommendations.
Authors: H Morger, R Steffen, M Schar
Journal: BMJ (1983)

All cases of cholera imported to Europe and North America between 1975 and 1981 were reviewed to assess the danger of cholera for visitors to endemic areas. Data were obtained from the health authorities of the respective countries. From a total of 129 cases notified to the World Health Organisation detailed reports were obtained on 117 patients. Of these, 66 (56%) were immigrants, refugees, from endemic areas, or foreign workers returning from leave in their native countries. Only 51 (44%) were citizens of countries in Europe or North America. The incidence per journey for foreign travellers visiting Africa or Asia was about 1 in 500 000. Stay in hospital was always short, and fewer than 2% of patients died. In view of the minimal risk and lack of reliability of cholera vaccination, such protection is not indicated for ordinary tourists visiting developing countries.
Aldicarb Poisoning-Reply
Authors: Richard J. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Witt and Wagner express concern that our report suggests that aldicarb-related illness could result from food residues below the level of laboratory detection. Their arguments are based on a small study of corporate executives and on experimental data. A further description of the illnesses would be useful in clarifying our assertions in the earlier article. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> On the morning of July 4,1985, one of the index cases in this outbreak, a 62-year-old woman receiving digoxin therapy, was seen with lacrimation, salivation, diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle twitching. She was in shock, with a heart rate of 31 beats per minute and atrial fibrillation. Two other family members who had shared a watermelon with her were also severely ill. Before there had been any publicity about contaminated melons, the physician diagnosed cholinesterase-inhibitor poisoning. Treatment with atropine resulted in resolution of the symptoms. Based on the
Joint Contractures, Waxy Skin, and Control of Diabetes
Authors: Harvey B. Knowles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

IN recent years, reports have appeared of contractures of the finger joints in Type I diabetes in the young. A variety of terms have been used for this condition, including "joint stiffness," "diabetic hand syndrome," "juvenile diabetic cheiroarthropathy," and "limited joint mobility." It is surprising that this aspect of juvenile diabetes has received so little attention until now, for the condition is frequently present, and the contractures are readily apparent. It is also apparent that there is an undue prevalence of syndromes of tendon and nerve entrapment, including tenosynovitis, trigger finger, and median-nerve entrapment of the carpal tunnel. The relation . . .
The Noonan Syndrome: A Family Study
Authors: MERLE R. BOLTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A family has been studied in which a man and four of his male adolescent children are affected with the Noonan syndrome. Four of the five family members have pulmonic stenosis confirmed by catheterization. Endocrine studies of the pituitary-gonadal axis in our patients suggest that the Noonan syndrome in the male can show normal gonadal function, primary abnormalities of the gonads, alteration in hypothalamic-hypophyseal function, or even some combination of these possibilities. The direct male-to-male transmission of the Noonan syndrome in this family strongly suggests that the condition is inherited in an autosomaldominant way. Hyperelastic skin and microscopic abnormalities of biopsied blood vessels suggest a basic defect in connective tissue in this disorder.