tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Looking down on Edinburgh
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2001)

From the state of the trees, the season is summer. From the shadows thrown by a couple of large gasometers, the time is clearly early afternoon. And from the way the waves are breaking on the beach at Cramond, the wind is in the north east.

The image appears also to be recent. A few hundred metres—or, if you prefer it, a few millimetres—from where I type this, there is a tiny line across a suburban road: a footbridge that …
Definition(s) of Anxiety
Authors: Julius Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The controversy between the clinician Sagebiel and the psychologist Cattell concerning the definition of anxiety (LETTERS,<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:859 [Nov 30] 1964) is of epistemological rather than semantic interest. It demonstrates the epistemological inferiority, even uselessness, of the psychologists' approach. Anxiety and fear belong to so-called general feelings (<i>Gemeingefühle</i>). Fear is an atavistic emotional heritage serving protective purposes against a threatening event, impending danger, or risky performance. This psychological emotion is a cortical function with repercussion on the diencephalic autonomic nervous system. Alteration of respiration, pulse rate, or blood pressure; blushing or pallor; inhibition of salivary secretion; or weeping are witness thereof. Anxiety is fear without extrinsic cause, without a substratum, not fear of something. It is an autonomous feeling aroused by intrinsic cortical processes, conscious or subconscious memories and associations originating from past experiences and life situations. It is a pathological outlet of mental processes involved
Asbestos Redirects Nitric Oxide Signaling through Rapid Catalytic Conversion to Nitrite
Authors: Douglas D. Thomas, Michael G. Espey, Derek A. Pociask, Lisa A. Ridnour, Sonia Donzelli, David A. Wink
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Asbestos exposure is strongly associated with the development of malignant mesothelioma, yet the mechanistic basis of this observation has not been resolved. Carcinogenic transformation or tumor progression mediated by asbestos may be related to the generation of free radical species and perturbation of cell signaling and transcription factors. We report here that exposure of human mesothelioma or lung carcinoma cells to nitric oxide (NO) in the presence of crocidolite asbestos resulted in a marked decrease in intracellular nitrosation and diminished NO-induced posttranslational modifications of tumor-associated proteins (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and p53). Crocidolite rapidly scavenged NO with concomitant conversion to nitrite (NO2−). Crocidolite also catalyzed the nitration of cellular proteins in the presence of NO2− and hydrogen peroxide. Nitrated protein adducts are a prominent feature of asbestos-induced lung injury. These data highlight the ability of asbestos to induce phenotypic cellular changes through two processes: (a) by directly reducing bioactive NO levels and preventing its subsequent interaction with target molecules and (b) by increasing oxidative damage and protein modifications through NO2 production and 3-nitrotyrosine formation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11600-4)
Immunohistochemical expression and clinical significance of P‐glycoprotein in previously untreated extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type
Authors: Biyun Wang, Xiao‐Qiu Li, Xuejun Ma, Xiaonan Hong, Hongfen Lu, Ye Guo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract Overexpression of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) has been identified by a variety of methods in NK cells and NK malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of P‐gp in previously untreated extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type. Tumor specimens from 30 patients initially treated with CHOP or CHOP‐based chemotherapy were examined by immunohistochemistry using JSB‐1, a monoclonal antibody recognizing the intracellular epitope of P‐gp molecule. Twenty cases (67%) were positive for P‐gp expression. The complete response rate achieved in P‐gp positive patients was significantly lower than in P‐gp negative ones (20% vs. 60%, P = 0.045). With a median follow‐up of 25 months, the 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 66 and 69%, respectively. Compared with both PFS and OS rates of P‐gp positive patients, those of P‐gp negative patients showed a trend of benefit that did not reach statistical significance for borderline P values (PFS: 90% vs. 54%, P = 0.1057; OS: 90% vs. 61%, P = 0.2028). Our results suggest that P‐gp expression is related with poor treatment outcomes of extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Support From Hospital to Home for Elders
Authors: L. Elizabeth Goldman, Urmimala Sarkar, Eric Kessell, David Guzman, Michelle Schneidermann, Edgar Pierluissi, Barbara Walter, Eric Vittinghoff, Jeff Critchfield, Margot Kushel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Hospitals are implementing discharge support programs to reduce readmissions, and these programs have had mixed success.To examine whether a peridischarge, nurse-led intervention decreased emergency department (ED) visits or readmissions among ethnically and linguistically diverse older patients admitted to a safety-net hospital.Randomized, controlled trial using computer-generated randomization with 1:1 allocation, stratified by language. (Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01221532).Publicly funded urban hospital in Northern California.Hospitalized adults aged 55 years or older with anticipated discharge to the community who spoke English, Spanish, or Chinese (Mandarin or Cantonese).Usual care versus in-hospital, one-on-one, self-management education given by a dedicated language-concordant registered nurse combined with a telephone follow-up after discharge from a nurse practitioner.Staff blinded to the study groups determined ED visits or readmissions to any facility at 30, 90, and 180 days after initial hospital discharge using administrative data from several hospitals.There were 700 low-income, ethnically and linguistically diverse patients with a mean age of 66.2 years (SD, 9.0). The primary outcome of ED visits or readmissions did not differ between the intervention and usual care groups (hazard ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.89 to 1.78] at 30 days, 1.21 [CI, 0.91 to 1.62] at 90 days, and 1.11 [CI, 0.86 to 1.43] at 180 days).This study was done at a single acute-care hospital. There were fewer outcomes than expected, which may have caused the study to be underpowered.A nurse-led, in-hospital discharge support intervention did not show a reduction in readmissions or ED visits among diverse, low-income older adults at a safety-net hospital. Although wide CIs preclude firm conclusions, the intervention may have increased ED visits. Alternative readmission prevention strategies should be tested in this population.Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
Cord blood <scp>T</scp>regs with stable <scp><i>FOXP3</i></scp> expression are influenced by prenatal environment and associated with atopic dermatitis at the age of one year
Authors: D. Hinz, M. Bauer, S. Röder, S. Olek, J. Huehn, U. Sack, M. Borte, J. C. Simon, I. Lehmann, G. Herberth
Journal: Allergy (2011)

Abstract Background: Regulatory T cells ( T regs) with stable FOXP3 expression are characterized by a specific demethylated region in the FOXP3 gene ( T reg‐specific demethylated region, TSDR ). The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of prenatal factors on cord blood T reg numbers, as detected by changes in the TSDR demethylation, and the subsequent risk for allergic diseases. Methods: Analyses were performed within the LINA study in blood samples from pregnant women (34th gestational week) and in cord blood ( n = 346 mother–child pairs). T reg numbers were detected via DNA demethylation in the FOXP3 TSDR . At age 1, total and specific I g E was measured in children's blood. In addition, maternal cytokine production ( T h1/ T h2/ T h17) was analysed. Exposure and disease outcomes were assessed by questionnaires. Results: Boys had lower T reg numbers compared with girls ( P &lt; 0.001). Parental atopy history, particularly maternal hay fever and paternal asthma were related to lower T reg numbers in cord blood (adj. MR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.68–0.97; adj. MR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45–0.81). Maternal cytokines ( IL ‐13, IL ‐17 E and IFN ‐γ) and maternal smoking/exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy were also associated with decreased cord blood T reg numbers (adj. MR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.97–1.00). Children with lower T reg numbers at birth had a higher risk to develop atopic dermatitis (adj. OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.00–2.41) and sensitization to food allergens (adj. OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.06–2.25) during the first year of life. Conclusions: These results indicate that both genetic and environmental factors presumably influence the development of foetal T regs. Low cord blood T reg numbers may predict early atopic dermatitis.
GPs vote against charging patients for their services
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

GPs have rejected a motion put to their annual conference proposing that the BMA should work with UK governments to introduce a mechanism through which patients could be charged for GP services.

Representatives attending the BMA’s conference of local medical committees in York voted against the parts of the motion that called on the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee to “explore national charging for general practice services with UK governments” and “to consider alternative funding mechanisms for general practice.”

However, the sections of the motion stating that “general practice is unsustainable in its current format” and that urged UK governments “to define the services that can and …
The changing world of inflammatory bowel disease: impact of generation, gender and global trends
Authors: D. S. Rampton
Journal: Gut (2010)

Edited by EJ Scherl, MC Dubinski, Published by Slack Inc, Thorofare, New Jersey, USA, 2009, pp 267, £70 (Hardback). ISBN-978-1-55642-841-8

How the expression of chronic diseases differs in people of varying ages, sex and ethnicity may tell us something about their cause: it certainly influences their management. I saw this intriguing title on the Amazon website a few weeks ago, and was delighted to be spared the decision as to whether or not to buy it by being sent a free copy for review.

‘ The Changing World of Inflammatory Bowel Disease ’ is medium sized, concise and selective in its coverage. Most of its chapters are written by well-known inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) specialists. The first section provides overviews of the epidemiology of IBD in the west and …
The time of blood sampling for osteocalcin determinations.
Authors: J M Nolla, A Rozadilla
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The time of blood sampling for osteocalcin determinations Sir: We have read the interesting article by Pietschmann et al about the serum osteocalcin concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.'In their work there was no mention of the time at which blood samples were taken for osteocalcin determination.Several studies have shown a circadian rhythm of serum osteocalcin in normal adults, with peak values during the night and a nadir during the morning hours.23 Therefore, in our opinion, if osteocalcin is used as a marker in clinical investigations of bone metabolism it is important to mention the time at which blood was collected for its measurement.Otherwise, interpretation of results may be difficult and comparison with values obtained in other studies impossible.
Allergy to iprindole (prondol) with hepatotoxicity.
Authors: D. Waxman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BRISHproduce heart block, and so far iprindole has not been recorded among those that have this effect.There is no such thing as a perfectly safe drug.Why, therefore, discard one which on the bulk of evidence has fewer side effects than most?-I am, etc.,
Prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin T in patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism: Changes after treatment
Authors: Igor I. Tulevski, Jasper W.M. Mulder, Marye ten Wolde, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Harry Buller, Ernst E. van der Wall, Barbara J.M. Mulder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Absence of toxicity in cimetidine overdosage.
Authors: R N Illingworth, D R Jarvie
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Ophthalmoplegia, amblyopia, and diffuse encephalomyelitis associated with pelvic abscess Duke-Elder' included focal sepsis as a cause of optic neuritis, though he thought the association was uncommon.We describe here a patient who presented with optic neuritis with no apparent cause but whose neuro-ophthalmological symptoms disappeared after removal of a pelvic abscess. Case reportAn 18-year-old girl was admitted with a two-week history of headaches, backache, neck stiffness, and hyperacusis.One week before admission she developed intermittent diplopia, failing vision, and ataxia.Her last period had occurred three and a half months earlier.There was no history of drug abuse.On examination she was feverish, drowsy, slow, and inconsistent in her replies.She had mild neck stiffness and a positive Kernig's sign.There were no marks of injection, bruises, abrasions, rash, or lymphadenopathy.There was a retrouterine mass, the size of a four-month pregnancy, which was fixed, non-tender, and firm.Neurologically the eyes were immobile on all forms of testing, and the pupils were slightly divergent, irregular, and dilated and did not react to light.She could just detect hand movements but suffered no localised field loss.Examination of the fundi showed bilateral, sharply defined, whitish exudates over the disc and distension of surrounding vessels.There were no haemorrhages and the peripheral vessels were normal.Apart from mild deafness the remaining cranial nerves were normal but her arms were ataxic and she could not stand.All tendon jerks were reduced and the plantar responses were flexor.
TCT-483 Impact of Smoking on Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: The Smoker's Paradox
Authors: Yun-Kyeong Cho, Ji-Hyun Sohn, Hyun-Ok Cho, Hyoung-Seob Park, Hyuck-Jun Yoon, Hyungseop Kim, Chang-Wook Nam, Seung-Ho Hur, Yoon-Nyun Kim, Kwon-Bae Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Epidemiology and Treatment Costs of Bone Metastases from Lung Cancer: A French Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study (GFPC 0601)
Authors: Chantal Decroisette, Isabelle Monnet, Henri Berard, Gilles Quere, Herve Le Caer, Suzanna Bota, Clarisse Audigier-Valette, Laurence Geriniere, Jean-Marc Vernejoux, Christos Chouaid
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
958-95 Long-term Effects of Amlodipine and Isosorbiddinitrate on Exercise-induced and Ambulatory Ischaemia in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Rolf Steffensen, Thomas Melchior, Jan Bech, Henrik Nissen, Bennedicte Haastrup, Peer Grande, Verner Rasmussen, Jøgen F. Hansen, Knud Skagen, Torben Haghfelt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Safety and Immunogenicity of Tetanus Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Immunization During Pregnancy in Mothers and Infants
Authors: Flor M. Munoz, Nanette H. Bond, Maurizio Maccato, Phillip Pinell, Hunter A. Hammill, Geeta K. Swamy, Emmanuel B. Walter, Lisa A. Jackson, Janet A. Englund, Morven S. Edwards, C. Mary Healy, Carey R. Petrie, Jennifer Ferreira, Johannes B. Goll, Carol J. Baker
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Maternal immunization with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine could prevent infant pertussis.
Failure of a Novel Balloon-Expandable γ-Emitting ( <sup>103</sup> Pd) Stent to Prevent Edge Effects
Authors: Christoph Hehrlein, Jennifer J. DeVries, Amina Arab, Scott D. Haller, Klaus Schloesser, Ferman O. Tio, Tim A. Fischell
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Balloon-expandable β-particle–emitting ( 32 P) stents inhibit within-stent neointimal hyperplasia but induce lumen narrowing beyond the stent margins, ie, the so-called “edge effects.” Methods and Results We prospectively investigated the performance of novel stents impregnated with the γ-emitting isotope 103 Pd, designed to reduce edge effects, in 24 rabbits. The stents had a length of 18 mm and were mounted on 20-mm-long delivery balloons for deployment. Angiograms were obtained immediately and 1 month after direct implantation of control and 1-, 2-, and 4-mCi 103 Pd stents into the iliac arteries without predilatation or postdilatation. Late lumen loss was measured with quantitative angiography. Neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling were evaluated by histomorphometry. Late lumen loss was inhibited within 103 Pd stents (control 0.18 mm, 1 mCi 0.08 mm, 2 mCi 0.05 mm, and 4 mCi −0.03 mm, P &lt;0.05 all activities versus control). Conversely, late lumen loss occurred at the edges of 103 Pd stents, correlating with areas of high balloon/artery ratios and vessel overstretch injury. Edge effects were primarily due to neointimal hyperplasia but were also caused by negative vessel remodeling at high stent activities. Conclusions Edge effects after implantation of radioisotope stents can occur independently of the isotope chosen for stent impregnation.
Phase II Clinical and Exploratory Biomarker Study of Dacomitinib in Patients with Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Authors: Han Sang Kim, Hyeong Ju Kwon, Inkyung Jung, Mi Ran Yun, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byung Woog Kang, Jong-Mu Sun, Sung Bae Kim, Dok-Hyun Yoon, Keon Uk Park, Se-Hoon Lee, Yoon Woo Koh, Se Hun Kim, Eun Chang Choi, Dong Hoe Koo, Jin Hee Sohn, Bomi Kim, Nak-Jung Kwon, Hwan Jung Yun, Min Goo Lee, Ji Hyun Lee, Tae-Min Kim, Hye Ryun Kim, Joo Hang Kim, Soonmyung Paik, Byoung Chul Cho
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The goals of this study were to investigate the clinical activity, safety, and biomarkers of dacomitinib, an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, HER2, and HER4, in recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M-SCCHN).Patients were eligible if the diseases were not amenable to curative treatment and had progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy, and were treated with dacomitinib 45 mg/day. The primary endpoint was objective response rate by RECISTv1.1. Exploratory analysis included the characterization of somatic mutation, gene copy number, gene expression, p16(INK4A) expression by IHC, and investigation of their relationship with clinical outcomes.Forty-eight patients were evaluable for efficacy and toxicity. Ten patients (20.8%) had partial responses and 31 patients (65%) had stable diseases. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.9 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9-5.0] and 6.6 months (95% CI, 5.4-10.3). Adverse events were mostly grade 1-2. Mutations in the PI3K pathway (PIK3CA, PTEN) and high expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8, IL1A, IL1B, IL4, and TNF) were significantly associated with shorter PFS (2.9 vs. 4.9 months without mutations, P = 0.013; 2.8 vs. 9.9 months with low expression, P = 0.004). Those harboring PI3K pathway mutations or high inflammatory cytokine expression had shorter median OS (6.1 vs. 12.5 months lacking PI3K pathway mutations and with low inflammatory cytokine expression, P = 0.005).Dacomitinib demonstrated clinical efficacy with manageable toxicity in platinum-failed R/M-SCCHN patients. Screening of PI3K pathway mutation and inflammatory cytokine expression may help identify which R/M-SCCHN patients are likely to gain benefit from dacomitinib.
Incidence of gliomas by anatomic location
Authors: Suvi Larjavaara, Riitta Mäntylä, Tiina Salminen, Hannu Haapasalo, Jani Raitanen, Juha Jääskeläinen, Anssi Auvinen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

The anatomic location of a glioma influences prognosis and treatment options. The aim of our study was to describe the distribution of gliomas in different anatomic areas of the brain. A representative population-based sample of 331 adults with glioma was used for preliminary analyses. The anatomic locations for 89 patients from a single center were analyzed in more detail from radiologic imaging and recorded on a three-dimensional 1 × 1 × 1-cm grid. The age-standardized incidence rate of gliomas was 4.7 per 100,000 person-years. The most frequent subtypes were glioblastoma (47%) and grade II-III astrocytoma (23%), followed by oligodendroglioma and mixed glioma. The gliomas were located in the frontal lobe in 40% of the cases, temporal in 29%, parietal in 14%, and occipital lobe in 3%, with 14% in the deeper structures. The difference in distribution between lobes remained after adjustment for their tissue volume: the tumor:volume ratio was 4.5 for frontal, 4.8 for temporal, and 2.3 for parietal relative to the occipital lobe. The area with the densest occurrence was the anterior subcortical brain. Statistically significant spatial clustering was found in the three-dimensional analysis. No differences in location were found among glioblastoma, diffuse astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma. Our results demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in the anatomic distribution of gliomas within the brain.
Predictors of high house dust mite allergen concentrations in residential homes in Sydney
Authors: S. Mihrshahi, G. Marks, C. Vanlaar, E. Tovey, J. Peat 3*
Journal: Allergy (2002)

In parts of coastal Australia, house dust mite allergen concentrations in homes are often very high with at least 80% of homes in Sydney exceeding concentrations of 10 microg of allergen per gram of fine dust. In this study, we report the relation between characteristics of the home environment and house dust mite allergen concentrations at three sites in Sydney homes.A total of 616 families were recruited as part of the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS). Information about the home environment and structural aspects of the home was collected using a questionnaire. Samples of dust were collected from the parents' bed, the bedroom floor and the living room floor and assayed for Der p 1.A total of 68% of participants' beds, 65% of bedroom floors and 56% of living room floors had Der p 1 concentrations above 10 microg/g, with the highest concentrations of allergen in the bed. The most significant predictor of high Der p 1 concentrations in the bed and floors was the age of the home. We also found that beds with mattresses over two years old and with woollen or synthetic blankets or synthetic quilts had higher Der p 1 concentrations. Carpeted floors had higher Der p 1 concentrations than hard floors.The finding that high Der p 1 allergen concentrations in homes with carpets and older mattresses indicates that control strategies directed at these sources are likely to be effective in reducing exposure. Alternatives such as the use of house dust mite impermeable mattress encasings on older mattresses may also be effective in reducing exposure.
Role of catheter-induced mechanical trauma in localization of target sites of radiofrequency ablation in automatic atrial tachycardia
Authors: Carlo Pappone, Giuseppe Stabile, Antonio De Simone, Gaetano Senatore, Pietro Turco, Michele Damiano, Domenico Iorio, Nicola Spampinato, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
International group evaluates tamoxifen risks for women
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The drug tamoxifen reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancers, but it also increases the risk of endometrial cancer, according to the findings of an international scientific working group. But the group concludes that no woman being treated for breast cancer should have her treatment stopped on the basis of these conclusions.

The working group, comprising 17 scientists from a total of eight countries, met at the World Health Organisation's International Agency for Research on Cancer last month to review the evidence on the potential carcinogenicity of …