tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary Counseling Improves Patient Outcomes: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Paula Ravasco, Isabel Monteiro-Grillo, Pedro Marques Vidal, Maria Ermelinda Camilo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To investigate the impact of dietary counseling or nutritional supplements on outcomes in cancer patients: nutritional, morbidity, and quality of life (QoL) during and 3 months after radiotherapy. Patients and Methods A total of 111 colorectal cancer outpatients referred for radiotherapy, stratified by staging, were randomly assigned: group 1 (G1; n = 37), dietary counseling (regular foods); group 2 (G2; n = 37), protein supplements; and group 3 (G3; n = 37), ad libitum intake. Nutritional intake (diet history), status (Ottery's Subjective Global Assessment), and QoL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire version 3.0) were evaluated at baseline, at the end, and 3 months after radiotherapy. Results At radiotherapy completion, energy intake increased in G1/G2 (P ≤ .04), G1 more than G2 (P = .001), and decreased in G3 (P &lt; .01). Protein intake increased in G1/G2 (P ≤ .007), G1 less than G2 (not significant), and decreased in G3 (P &lt; .01). At 3 months, G1 maintained nutritional intake and G2/G3 returned to baseline. After radiotherapy and at 3 months, rates of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were higher in G3 (P &lt; .05). At radiotherapy completion, in G1 all QoL function scores improved proportionally to adequate intake or nutritional status (P &lt; .05); whereas in G2 only three of six function scores improved proportionally to protein intake (P = .04), and in G3 all scores worsened (P &lt; .05). At 3 months, G1 patients maintained/improved function, symptoms, and single-item scores (P &lt; .02); in G2, only few function and symptom scales improved (P &lt; .05); in G3, QoL remained as poor as after radiotherapy. In G1/G2, respectively, improvement/deterioration of QoL correlated with better or poorer intake or nutritional status (P &lt; .003). Conclusion During radiotherapy, both interventions positively influenced outcomes; dietary counseling was of similar or higher benefit, whereas even 3 months after RT, it was the only method to sustain a significant impact on patient outcomes.
A 26‐yr-old male with recurrent respiratory infections
Authors: P.R. Genta, M.V.O. Costa, R. Stelmach, A. Cukier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Golden section is a subtle technology from nature to split space, which is both extensive and mysterious. In recent years, some studies1-4 have begun to focus on metabolic scaling (<i>B</i>∝<i>M<sup>b</sup></i>) at the macroevolutionary scale, and some important trends have been revealed. To further answer the question of "where does b come from and where does it go in evolution", a golden section model of macroevolution was constructed by integrating metabolic scaling and Fibonacci sequence. The results showed that, (1) macroevolution at the boundary level was a highly ordered process from one-dimensional (prokaryotes) to five-dimensional evolution (fungi). Four-dimensional life<sup>5</sup> was only the choice of animals. (2) b just was the syndrome of dimension application and metabolism realization of life following Fibonacci sequence; however, it indicated major evolution events in the macroevolution and the directions in secondary macroevolution. The logic and panorama of macroevolution therefore were re-outlined based on the idea of dimensional evolution and metabolic evolution. It was argued that the golden section model of macroevolution established a full-new logic system of dimensional and metabolic evolution, and provided a possible path for the unification of macroevolution and microevolution.
Gene Transfer for Angiogenesis in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Roger J. Laham, Michael Simons, Frank Sellke
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2001)

▪ Abstract Angiogenesis is a promising novel therapeutic strategy to provide new venues for blood flow in patients with severe ischemic heart and peripheral vascular disease, who are not candidates for standard revascularization strategies. We describe the underlying mechanisms involved in physiologic and therapeutic angiogenesis, underscoring the relative importance of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. We then present the various gene transfer vectors including plasmid, viral, and cell-based vectors, and various delivery modalities. The available preclinical data are presented, followed by a description of preliminary clinical experience, with an emphasis on the preliminary nature of these results, which address safety and not efficacy. Finally, we discuss the promises and pitfalls of clinical angiogenesis and gene transfer studies, stressing the importance of proper design of clinical trials and adequate protection of research subjects.
EFFECT OF COMPLEX AND CONTRAST TRAINING ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIO-MOTOR VARIABLES OF MEN SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: A S Kanniyan, Ibrahim Syed
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction Complex training is a workout comprising of resistance exercise followed by a matched plyometric exercise whereas Contrast training is a set of heavy resistance repetitions followed immediately by an unloaded, explosive exercise utilizing the same movement pattern (www.pponline.co.uk). There are different viewpoints on the effects of complex and contrast training on different components of sports performance variables. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of complex and contrast training on selected physiological and bio-motor variables of men soccer players. Method To achieve the purpose of the study, 36 men players between the age group 18 and 25 were selected as subjects. They were divided into three equal groups (n=12). Group-1 underwent complex training; Group-2 underwent contrast training and Group-3 acted as control group which only took part in their normal playing session. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variables viz, speed, muscular endurance, cardio-respiratory endurance, blood pressure and resting pulse rate. The duration of training was 10 weeks for all the three groups. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant difference if any, among the experimental and control groups on the selected criterion variables separately. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 at all levels. Sheffe's test was used as post hoc test. Results The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences among complex training group and contrast training group and the control group in all of the physiological and bio-motor variables selected for the study. Though for some of the variables, complex training group has better improvement, contrast training group has also showed significant performance in most of the physiological and bio-motor variables. Conclusions It is concluded that the complex and contrast training is beneficial for training groups that seek improvements in the selected criterion variables.
Patterns of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: D H Solomon, N J Goodson, J N Katz, M E Weinblatt, J Avorn, S Setoguchi, C Canning, S Schneeweiss
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Although it is known that rheumatoid arthritis is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the pattern of this risk is not clear. This study investigated the relative risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and CVD mortality in adults with rheumatoid arthritis compared with adults without rheumatoid arthritis across age groups, sex and prior CVD event status.We conducted a cohort study among all residents aged >or=18 years residing in British Columbia between 1999 and 2003. Residents who had visited the doctor at least thrice for rheumatoid arthritis (International Classification of Disease = 714) were considered to have rheumatoid arthritis. A non-rheumatoid arthritis cohort was matched to the rheumatoid arthritis cohort by age, sex and start of follow-up. The primary composite end point was a hospital admission for myocardial infarction, stroke or CVD mortality.25 385 adults who had at least three diagnoses for rheumatoid arthritis during the study period were identified. During the 5-year study period, 375 patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a hospital admission for myocardial infarction, 363 had a hospitalisation for stroke, 437 died from cardiovascular causes and 1042 had one of these outcomes. The rate ratio for a CVD event in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 1.7), and the rate difference was 5.7 (95% CI 4.9 to 6.4) per 1000 person-years. The rate ratio decreased with age, from 3.3 in patients aged 18-39 years to 1.6 in those aged >or=75 years. However, the rate difference was 1.2 per 1000 person-years in the youngest age group and increased to 19.7 per 1000 person-years in those aged >or=75 years. Among patients with a prior CVD event, the rate ratios and rate differences were not increased in rheumatoid arthritis.This study confirms that rheumatoid arthritis is a risk factor for CVD events and shows that the rate ratio for CVD events among subjects with rheumatoid arthritis is highest in young adults and those without known prior CVD events. However, in absolute terms, the difference in event rates is highest in older adults.
Microvesicles Released from Human Renal Cancer Stem Cells Stimulate Angiogenesis and Formation of Lung Premetastatic Niche
Authors: Cristina Grange, Marta Tapparo, Federica Collino, Loriana Vitillo, Christian Damasco, Maria Chiara Deregibus, Ciro Tetta, Benedetta Bussolati, Giovanni Camussi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Recent studies suggest that tumor-derived microvesicles (MV) act as a vehicle for exchange of genetic information between tumor and stromal cells, engendering a favorable microenvironment for cancer development. Within the tumor mass, all cell types may contribute to MV shedding, but specific contributions to tumor progression have yet to be established. Here we report that a subset of tumor-initiating cells expressing the mesenchymal stem cell marker CD105 in human renal cell carcinoma releases MVs that trigger angiogenesis and promote the formation of a premetastatic niche. MVs derived only from CD105-positive cancer stem cells conferred an activated angiogenic phenotype to normal human endothelial cells, stimulating their growth and vessel formation after in vivo implantation in immunocompromised severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Furthermore, treating SCID mice with MVs shed from CD105-positive cells greatly enhanced lung metastases induced by i.v. injection of renal carcinoma cells. Molecular characterization of CD105-positive MVs defines a set of proangiogenic mRNAs and microRNAs implicated in tumor progression and metastases. Our results define a specific source of cancer stem cell-derived MVs that contribute to triggering the angiogenic switch and coordinating metastatic diffusion during tumor progression.
Selected indices of micronutrient status in adult patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA)
Authors: C. C. Tangney, G. Phillips, R. A. Bell, P. Fernandes, R. Hopkins, S.‐M. Wu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract In 24 adults with hemoglobin SS followed at the Duke University Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, we have studied the following nutritional parameters: reduced ascorbic acid; dehydroascorbic acid; alpha and beta carotenes; cryptoxanthin; and alpha and gamma tocopherols in whole blood, washed red blood cells, plasma, or serum. In the same population we also examined reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized gluthathione (GSSG). Fifteen of these 24 patients also were interviewed for usual dietary intakes using a 28‐day dietary history. Data obtained from patients with hemoglobin SS, sickle cell anemia (SCA) were compared to those found for seven healthy normal black adults of similar age. Plasma alpha tocopherol levels were significantly lower in SCA individuals than those of the controls ( P &lt; 0.004). Alpha and gamma tocopherol levels in sickle RBCs were significantly higher than those from RBC suspensions of control subjects ( P &lt; 0.007, and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). All serum values for carotenoids examined, specifically, beta carotene, alpha carotene, and cryptoxanthin were also markedly depressed when compared to those of healthy controls ( P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.002, and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). No other statistically significant differences were found between the two groups for any of the remaining variables, including dietary estimates. Dietary analyses suggest that dietary intakes of SCA individuals exceeded the recommended daily allowances (RDA) of all macro‐ and micronutrients measured, and intakes of most nutrients exceeded those of black controls interviewed. These results suggest that in individuals with SCA, several micronutrients vital to maintaining reducing capacity are present in diminished quantities in plasma/serum. These anomalies exist in SCA patients even though their intake of these micronutrients are similar to those of healthy black men and women.
Dikkopf-1 as a Novel Serologic and Prognostic Biomarker for Lung and Esophageal Carcinomas
Authors: Takumi Yamabuki, Atsushi Takano, Satoshi Hayama, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Tatsuya Kato, Masaki Miyamoto, Tomoo Ito, Hiroyuki Ito, Yohei Miyagi, Haruhiko Nakayama, Masahiro Fujita, Masao Hosokawa, Eiju Tsuchiya, Nobuoki Kohno, Satoshi Kondo, Yusuke Nakamura, Yataro Daigo
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Gene expression profile analysis of lung and esophageal carcinomas revealed that Dikkopf-1 (DKK1) was highly transactivated in the great majority of lung cancers and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). Immunohistochemical staining using tumor tissue microarrays consisting of 279 archived non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and 280 ESCC specimens showed that a high level of DKK1 expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC as well as ESCC, and multivariate analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value for NSCLC. In addition, we identified that exogenous expression of DKK1 increased the migratory activity of mammalian cells, suggesting that DKK1 may play a significant role in progression of human cancer. We established an ELISA system to measure serum levels of DKK1 and found that serum DKK1 levels were significantly higher in lung and esophageal cancer patients than in healthy controls. The proportion of the DKK1-positive cases was 126 of 180 (70.0%) NSCLC, 59 of 85 (69.4%) SCLC, and 51 of 81 (63.0%) ESCC patients, whereas only 10 of 207 (4.8%) healthy volunteers were falsely diagnosed as positive. A combined ELISA assays for both DKK1 and carcinoembryonic antigen increased sensitivity and classified 82.2% of the NSCLC patients as positive whereas only 7.7% of healthy volunteers were falsely diagnosed to be positive. The use of both DKK1 and ProGRP increased sensitivity to detect SCLCs up to 89.4%, whereas false-positive rate in healthy donors was only 6.3%. Our data imply that DKK1 should be useful as a novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarker in clinic and probably as a therapeutic target for lung and esophageal cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2517–25]
Whole-exome sequencing in patients with ichthyosis reveals modifiers associated with increased IgE levels and allergic sensitizations
Authors: Dimitra Kiritsi, Manthoula Valari, Paola Fortugno, Ingrid Hausser, Lilia Lykopoulou, Giovanna Zambruno, Judith Fischer, Leena Bruckner-Tuderman, Thilo Jakob, Cristina Has
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Autocrine CSF-1 and CSF-1 Receptor Coexpression Promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth
Authors: Julia Menke, Jörg Kriegsmann, Carl Christoph Schimanski, Melvin M. Schwartz, Andreas Schwarting, Vicki R. Kelley
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Renal cell carcinoma is increasing in incidence but the molecular mechanisms regulating its growth remain elusive. Coexpression of the monocytic growth factor colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 and its receptor CSF-1R on renal tubular epithelial cells (TEC) will promote proliferation and antiapoptosis during regeneration of renal tubules. Here, we show that a CSF-1-dependent autocrine pathway is also responsible for the growth of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). CSF-1 and CSF-1R were coexpressed in RCCs and TECs proximally adjacent to RCCs. CSF-1 engagement of CSF-1R promoted RCC survival and proliferation and reduced apoptosis, in support of the likelihood that CSF-1R effector signals mediate RCC growth. In vivo CSF-1R blockade using a CSF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor decreased RCC proliferation and macrophage infiltration in a manner associated with a dramatic reduction in tumor mass. Further mechanistic investigations linked CSF-1 and epidermal growth factor signaling in RCCs. Taken together, our results suggest that budding RCC stimulates the proximal adjacent microenvironment in the kidney to release mediators of CSF-1, CSF-1R, and epidermal growth factor expression in RCCs. Furthermore, our findings imply that targeting CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling may be therapeutically effective in RCCs.
Real-time, multidimensional in vivo imaging used to investigate blood flow in mouse pancreatic islets
Authors: Lara R. Nyman, K. Sam Wells, W. Steve Head, Michael McCaughey, Eric Ford, Marcela Brissova, David W. Piston, Alvin C. Powers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are highly vascularized micro-organs that play a key role in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis. The specific arrangement of endocrine cell types in islets suggests a coupling between morphology and function within the islet. Here, we established a line-scanning confocal microscopy approach to examine the relationship between blood flow and islet cell type arrangement by real-time in vivo imaging of intra-islet blood flow in mice. These data were used to reconstruct the in vivo 3D architecture of the islet and time-resolved blood flow patterns throughout the islet vascular bed. The results revealed 2 predominant blood flow patterns in mouse islets: inner-to-outer, in which blood perfuses the core of β cells before the islet perimeter of non–β cells, and top-to-bottom, in which blood perfuses the islet from one side to the other regardless of cell type. Our approach included both millisecond temporal resolution and submicron spatial resolution, allowing for real-time imaging of islet blood flow within the living mouse, which has not to our knowledge been attainable by other methods.
Preoperative Bevacizumab, Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin (CAPOX-B) in Intermediate Risk Rectal Adenocarcinoma, Selected by High Resolution MRI. Gemcad 0801 Study
Authors: Fernandez-Martos Carlos, Manuel Gallen, Antonieta Salud, Carles Pericay, Joan Maurel, Maria Jose Safont, Jorge Aparicio, Jaime Feliu, Ruth Vera, Vicente Alonso-Orduna, Javier Gallego, Marta Martin, Rafael Estevan, Gina Brown
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Mycobacterial isolations in young adults with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: M J Smith, J Efthimiou, M E Hodson, J C Batten
Journal: Thorax (1984)

In 223 patients admitted to hospital with cystic fibrosis mycobacteria were found in the sputa of seven. All of these cases were identified over a six year period after the introduction of routine examination and culture of sputum for acid fast bacilli in patients with cystic fibrosis. The organisms isolated were Mycobacterium tuberculosis in three patients, M chelonei in one, M fortuitum in one, and unidentified mycobacteria in two. The diagnosis was not suspected on clinical grounds in any of the cases; in one patient, however, night sweats were a prominent feature before diagnosis. In four of the patients direct sputum smear examination did not reveal the organism, which was grown subsequently in culture. An unusual phenomenon of liquefaction of the Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium was encountered in five of the seven patients described, which in one case made identification and sensitivity testing of the organism impossible. This phenomenon has been observed in sputum cultures from other patients with cystic fibrosis but not in other pulmonary diseases. Immunological studies performed in three of the patients showed normal numbers of peripheral blood T and B lymphocyte in all three; in vitro lymphocyte transformation to tuberculin PPD was, however, reduced in the patient with extensive M fortuitum infection, which proved fatal. Mycobacteria may be present in the sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis more often than previously recognised and therefore sputum examination and culture for mycobacteria should be performed periodically in these patients.
Adenosine Induces Vasoconstriction through Gi-Dependent Activation of Phospholipase C in Isolated Perfused Afferent Arterioles of Mice
Authors: Pernille B. Hansen, Hayo Castrop, Josie Briggs, Jurgen Schnermann
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Adenosine induces vasoconstriction of renal afferent arterioles through activation of A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR). A1AR are directly coupled to Gi/Go, resulting in inhibition of adenylate cyclase, but the contribution of this signaling pathway to smooth muscle cell activation is unclear. In perfused afferent arterioles from mouse kidney, adenosine and the A1 agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine, when added to the bath, caused constriction in the concentration range of 10−9 to 10−6 M (mean diameter: control, 8.8 ± 0.3 μm; adenosine at 10−6 M, 2.8 ± 0.5 μm). Adenosine-induced vasoconstriction was stable for up to 30 min and was most pronounced in the most distal part of the afferent arterioles. Adenosine did not cause vasoconstriction in arterioles from A1AR−/− mice. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) (400 ng/ml) for 2 h blocked the vasoconstricting action of adenosine or N6-cyclohexyladenosine. PTX pretreatment did not affect the constriction response to KCl, whereas the angiotensin II dose-response relationship was shifted rightward. Reverse transcription-PCR revealed expression of Gi but not Go in kidney cortex and preglomerular vessels. The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 (4 μM) blocked the constriction responses to both adenosine and angiotensin II. In contrast, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 (10 μM) and the protein kinase A antagonist KT5720 (0.1 and 1 μM) did not induce significant vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles. It is concluded that the constriction response to adenosine in afferent arterioles is mediated by A1AR coupled to a PTX-sensitive Gi protein and subsequent activation of phospholipase C, presumably through βγ subunits released from Gαi. E-mail: [email protected]