tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcome in adulthood of biliary atresia: A study of 63 patients who survived for over 20 years with their native liver
Authors: Panayotis Lykavieris, Christophe Chardot, Maroun Sokhn, Frédéric Gauthier, Jacques Valayer, Olivier Bernard
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

To define the long-term prognosis of children undergoing the Kasai operation for biliary atresia, a retrospective study was undertaken comprising 271 patients operated between 1968 and 1983. Twenty years after surgery, 63 (23%) were alive with their native liver. Serum bilirubin was normal in 21 of these patients, 12 also had normal serum aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, all but 2 had signs of cirrhosis, 44 had signs of portal hypertension, 19 had late bacterial cholangitis, and 6 had gallstones. Seven female patients gave birth to 9 children, and 3 male patients fathered 6 children. After age 20, 2 patients died of liver failure and 14 underwent or are awaiting liver transplantation. Twenty-year survival with native liver was significantly better in children with biliary atresia restricted to the hepatic ducts or with cysts at the porta hepatis. In conclusion, in the long term, less than 18% of infants with biliary atresia who are treated with corrective surgery may avoid liver transplantation, but even these patients require assiduous lifelong care.
NHS Direct: managing demand
Authors: D. Pencheon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The second 50 years of the NHS will see a very different relation between the service and the public it serves. One of the four key themes of the white paper is the introduction of NHS Direct, a 24 hour nurse led helpline. After piloting it will cover the whole country by 2000, as proposed in the chief medical officer's report on emergency services in the community.1 However, NHS Direct is not solely about telephone advice lines. It should also herald a fundamental shift in the NHS where more public participation in health care can happen closer to home and where more care can be delivered without face to face contact. It may well be the most important development this white paper has to offer.

NHS Direct has profound implications for the shape and purpose of the developing health service in general and primary health care in particular (especially if the gateway to the NHS moves from the surgery to the sitting room). A publicly led NHS may soon complement a primary care led …
Screening Newborns for Hemoglobinopathies-Reply
Authors: Doris L. Wethers
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Goldman's point is well taken. He advocates a screening approach that has been tried in the past and that was presented to the panelists at the time of the Consensus Conference but that was not explicitly discussed in the report. The consensus statement does emphasize that prenatal maternal screening should be performed early in pregnancy. Testing the mother occasionally uncovers undiagnosed sickle cell disease,<sup>1</sup>a fact of great importance to the obstetrician. It also provides essential genetic information to the family in time to permit testing of the father and antenatal diagnosis of the fetus, should it be desired. A program could be structured to use this maternal information to identify the specific infant at risk for sickle cell disease, who can then be selectively tested after birth. As Dr Goldman states, the mother's blood must be subjected to electrophoresis so that all abnormal hemoglobins can
The Role of Leukotrienes in Inflammation
Authors: William R. Henderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To review the biochemistry and biological activities of leukotrienes, focusing on their role in the mediation of inflammatory diseases. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1966-1994), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica; 1974-1994), and other biomedical and drug directory databases (such as Pharmaprojects and IMSworld R&D Focus [1991-1994]) were searched to identify English-language articles (basic science, clinical trial research, and review articles) and abstracts of conference proceedings on leukotrienes and related terms. Study Selection: Basic science studies on leukotrienes and clinical research studies on the use of leukotriene inhibitors and antagonists in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as asthma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Data Extraction: Detailed summaries of data from basic science studies on the formation and actions of leukotrienes and from clinical studies of drugs that block the synthesis or receptor-mediated actions of leukotrienes. Data Synthesis: Leukotrienes are biologically active 5-lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism that are involved in the mediation of various inflammatory disorders. Of these, leukotriene B4 (a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes) and the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 (which increase vascular permeability and constrict smooth muscle) exert their biological actions through specific ligand-receptor interactions. Selective leukotriene inhibitors and receptor antagonists are currently under evaluation in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Conclusions: Further data on the in vitro and in vivo activities of the leukotriene inhibitors and antagonists should clarify the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of such inflammatory diseases as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Leukotriene inhibitors and antagonists will probably become important agents in the group of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Quality of Life Manqué
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Cure of a crippling disability generally benefits both the individual and society. To the individual, it grants freedom from pain or any other disabling symptom; to society, it returns a gainfully employed member. Both benefits contribute to the overall sense of satisfaction that an individual derives from a life of comfort and usefulness; both are essential components of the  of life. Improved quality of life is the most widely acknowledged and the least disputed attainment of aortocoronary bypass surgery. The majority of patients who have had it were completely rid or substantially relieved of disabling angina. But has the operation enhanced their social usefulness?  Barnes and his associates 1 have recently reviewed changes in the employment status of 263 patients one year after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Ninety percent of the 95 patients who were not working before the operation remained unemployed, and 16% of the 142 patients who were
Efficacy of intralesional injection with PV-10 in combination with co-inhibitory blockade in a murine model of melanoma
Authors: Shari Pilon-Thomas, Hao Liu, Krithika Kodumudi, Amy Weber, Ellen Moore, Amod A Sarnaik
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts PV-10 is a 10% solution of Rose Bengal that is currently being examined as a novel cancer therapeutic. We have previously shown that intralesional (IL) injection of PV-10 into a single subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumor led to regression of both the injected tumor and uninjected B16
Diabetic Glucose Control: Matching Plasma Insulin Concentration to Dietary and Stress Hyperglycemia
Authors: R Philip Eaton, William Spencer, David S Schade, B P Shafer, W Corbett
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Optimal management of the diabetic patient includes normalization of plasma glucose concentration. Attainment of this goal is difficult because both food and stress result in acute elevations of blood glucose that cannot be matched with a single subcutaneous injection of NPH insulin. This paper examines the currently available methods for delivery of insulin to the diabetic subject and the degree of metabolic control attained. It suggests that optimal diabetic control will be achieved only when newer methods of insulin delivery are available to the clinician that match plasma insulin requirements to the simultaneous plasma glucose concentration.
β-Blockers in Heart Failure
Authors: Michael H. Farrell, JoAnne Micale Foody, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2002)

beta-Blockers reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and stable fluid status. The successful adoption of beta-blocker guidelines for these patients requires an understanding of the value of this therapy and effective systems to maintain safety and ensure high quality of care. This article distills scientific evidence and consensus guidelines into a series of cases and practical answers about patient selection, discussions with patients, management and monitoring, and systems improvements to optimize quality of care, safety, and benefit for all patients with heart failure.
The Effects of Vancomycin and β-Lactam Antibiotics on Vancomycin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: Isao Haraga, Shuichi Nomura, Ariaki Nagayama
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: First Sieradzki et al.1 and then Climo et al.2 presented evidence that combinations of vancomycin and β-lactam antibiotics were synergistic in vitro and in vivo against vancomycin-re...
Cirrhosis Is Present in Most Patients With Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ju Dong Yang, W. Ray Kim, Ritika Coelho, Teresa A. Mettler, Joanne T. Benson, Schuyler O. Sanderson, Terry M. Therneau, Bohyun Kim, Lewis R. Roberts
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Pictures of Health: A Photographic History of Health Care in Philadelphia, 1860-1945
Authors: John D. Stoeckle
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In today's high-tech, corporate medical world, as the profession looks ahead—at its mission, organization, education, work, and pay—comes<i>Pictures of Health</i>, a stimulating collection of old photographs that looks back at these same themes from 1860 to 1945, in old Philadelphia. Viewed today, these shots of practitioners (nurses included) and patients and of professional and institutional life evoke memories of the way we were and a realization of how different we are today. But the volume is more than a modern photo album culled from the numerous archives in Philadelphia's hospitals, universities, municipal government, and private sources, and even quite different from what the subtitle suggests, "a photographic history of health care in Philadelphia, 1860-1945." The book is both a history and a narrative text, one that is illustrated by photographs that, in turn, are accompanied by their own explanatory legends. This mix of text and illustration is not surprising,
Reasons for requesting radiographs in an accident department.
Authors: G de Lacey, A Barker, B Wignall, J Reidy, J Harper
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A prospective study of 500 patients was performed to determine the reasons for requesting radiographs in an accident and emergency department. Most examinations were requested either to confirm a clinically suspected abnormality or because of difficulty in excluding a significant bone injury on clinical grounds alone. Several requests were also made to reassure the patient. Medicolegal reasons were relatively few, and those made purely because the doctor feared litigation probably accounted for only 5% of requests. Undue emphasis on the medicolegal aspects of accident and emergency radiography in the United Kingdom is unhelpful in that it directs attention away from the real reasons for x-ray referral. Although a reduction in the number of x-ray examinations is desirable on the grounds of expense and radiation exposure it is likely to be obtained only by improving experience and acumen in the clinical assessment of injuries.
BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF RAT LEUCOCYTIC EXTRACTS
Authors: M. Fishman, M. S. Silverman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

All extract of polymorphonuclear leucocytes of the rat, prepared by means of ultrasonic vibration, was found to be bactericidal against M. aureus. The bactericidal activity was primarily confined to the mitochondrial fraction of the leucocytes. The rat leucocyte mitochondrial extract was bactericidal against both Gram-positive (M. aureus, ß-Streptococci, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae) and Gram-negative (Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella enteritidis, Pasteurella pestis) bacteria. The Gram-positive organisms were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of the mitochondrial extracts.
ACUTE CONGESTIVE OR INFLAMMATORY GLAUCOMA.
Authors: CHARLES J. KIPP
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Not long ago I was asked by a medical practitioner to see an old lady who had for some days been suffering from a bilious attack, and who, since the day before, was nearly blind. He thought, as the eye seemed to be pushed somewhat out of the socket and she was blind, that she had probably during the retching and vomiting broken blood vessels in the orbit and in the eye. I saw the patient soon after and learned that she had been vomiting almost incessantly for two days, that she had great pain in the left side of the head, in the teeth and the eye. She was greatly prostrated. On examining her eye, I found that she could scarcely see the flame of a candle held within a few feet of her eye. The eye was very sensitive to light. The eyelids were somewhat swollen. The eyeball
On Climbing Ladders
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

'THE benefits conferred on the community as a whole as a result of the National Health Service have frequently been stressed. Sickness should no longer be the economic disaster it has sometimes been in the past, and no one is denied the best medical attention on account of lack of means. Old and young alike have reaped the benefit of this social change, and there is now a much greater uniformity of medical care throughout the country. But all social changes are apt to have their casualty lists, and the outstanding casualty in the National Health Service has been the . . .
Morphine-Tolerant Mice Exhibit a Profound and Persistent Cardioprotective Phenotype
Authors: Jason N. Peart, Garrett J. Gross
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Morphine and other opioids continue to be used as the major treatment for acute pain both before and after surgery. In this regard, much research has focused on the mechanisms of morphine tolerance and dependence in the central nervous system; however, few studies have examined the effect of morphine on peripheral organs, such as the heart, in morphine-tolerant animals. Here, we examine the effect of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine on ischemic tolerance in mice after prolonged morphine exposure and withdrawal.Male C57/BL6 mice were implanted subcutaneously with either placebo or morphine pellets (25 or 75 mg). After prolonged exposure to and/or withdrawal from morphine or placebo, the hearts were excised and subjected to 25 minutes of ischemia and 45 minutes of reperfusion. Morphine-tolerant mice exhibited a markedly improved functional recovery compared with placebo and mice subjected to acute morphine. Lactate dehydrogenase release was also significantly reduced. The protection observed was equieffective 48 hours after withdrawal of pellet, whereas the onset of protection preceded analgesic tolerance.These data demonstrate that chronic exposure to morphine unexpectedly results in a profound and persistent cardioprotective phenotype.
Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, airway inflammation and asthma
Authors: L.G. Wood, P.G. Gibson, M.L. Garg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Oxidative stress, specifically lipid peroxidation, is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma. This review highlights the pathways through which reactive oxygen species (ROS) may lead to lipid peroxidation. The potential of both the innate and acquired immune systems to activate inflammatory cells and release ROS that may overwhelm the host antioxidant defences and cause lipid peroxidation, accompanied by detrimental pathophysiological effects, are discussed. Despite the evidence demonstrating the importance of lipid peroxidation, systematic characterisation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defences has not been undertaken, largely due to the lack of appropriate biomarkers. This review discusses the emergence of isoprostanes (specifically 8‐iso­prostaglandin F 2α ) as reliable, in vivo markers of lipid peroxidation, which provides an appropriate tool for studying oxidative stress. Furthermore, the development of techniques to study induced sputum and breath condensate, derived directly from the airway surface, enables the site of oxidative damage to be closely assessed. Evidence suggests that dietary changes that have occurred over recent years have increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, due to reduced antioxidant defences. To date, the limited number of long­term (&gt;1 week) supplementation trials have been promising. However, the development of techniques to study isoprostanes in airway­lining fluid pave the way for further studies investigating the potential for antioxidant supplements to be used as routine therapy in asthma.
Viral MicroRNA Targetome of KSHV-Infected Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cell Lines
Authors: Eva Gottwein, David L. Corcoran, Neelanjan Mukherjee, Rebecca L. Skalsky, Markus Hafner, Jeffrey D. Nusbaum, Priscilla Shamulailatpam, Cassandra L. Love, Sandeep S. Dave, Thomas Tuschl, Uwe Ohler, Bryan R. Cullen
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Neurofibromatous dermal hypoplasia: a clinical, pharmacological and ultrastructural study
Authors: J.F.B. NORRIS, A.G. SMITH, P.J.H. FLETCHER, T.L. MARSHALL, M.J. HAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Dermal hypoplasia is reported in three patients with neurofibromatosis. The areas of dermal hypoplasia failed to react to vasodilator stimuli and responded poorly to a vasoconstrictor stimulus. Histology of these lesions showed neurofibromatous tissue and at an ultrastructural level cells resembling perineurial cells were wrapped around dermal vessels. The poor vascular responses seen in these areas of neurofibromatous dermal hypoplasia might be due to the perineurial cells acting as a barrier to diffusion of the pharmacological agents and as a physical perivascular splint.
Clinical Assessment of Backache
Authors: J. G. Bonnin
Journal: BMJ (1952)

An ordered approach to the subject of backache is diffi- cult to achieve.In spite of the discovery about 16 years ago of the prolapsed disk syndrome weNare still left with many cases in which speculation replaces certainty, and in which there is no agreement on pathology, diagnosis, or treatment.No matter how 'one approaches the FIG.1.-Muscle spasm but no obvLous skeletal defect.-(a)A scoliosis showing a lumbar deviation to 'the left. ( b) On bendin scoliosis usually increases and the patient tends to flex the affected case, which is unusual, the scoliosis hasaltered to the opposite s recognized occasional variant. (c) This shows almost complete obli scoliosis on lying down, indicating that the primary cause is m
B-cell regulator of immunoglobulin heavy-chain transcription (Bright)/ARID3a is a direct target of the oncomir microRNA-125b in progenitor B-cells
Authors: M P Puissegur, R Eichner, C Quelen, E Coyaud, B Mari, K Lebrigand, C Broccardo, F Nguyen-Khac, M Bousquet, P Brousset
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Introducing Nanochemoprevention as a Novel Approach for Cancer Control: Proof of Principle with Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
Authors: Imtiaz A. Siddiqui, Vaqar M. Adhami, Dhruba J. Bharali, Bilal B. Hafeez, Mohammad Asim, Sabih I. Khwaja, Nihal Ahmad, Huadong Cui, Shaker A. Mousa, Hasan Mukhtar
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Chemoprevention, especially through the use of naturally occurring phytochemicals capable of impeding the process of one or more steps of carcinogenesis process, is a promising approach for cancer management. Despite promising results in preclinical settings, its applicability to humans has met with limited success largely due to inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability of promising chemopreventive agents. Here, we introduce the concept of nanochemoprevention, which uses nanotechnology for enhancing the outcome of chemoprevention. We encapsulated green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles and observed that encapsulated EGCG retains its biological effectiveness with over 10-fold dose advantage for exerting its proapoptotic and angiogenesis inhibitory effects, critically important determinants of chemopreventive effects of EGCG in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Thus, this study could serve as a basis for the use of nanoparticle-mediated delivery to enhance bioavailability and limit any unwanted toxicity of chemopreventive agents, such as EGCG.
The Assessment of Relationship between Dysregulated MicroRNAs and Left Ventricular Mass and Mass Index in Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Huseyin Altug Cakmak, Hasan Ali Barman, Baris Ikitimur, Ender Coskunpinar, Yasemin Musteri Oltulu, Gunay Can, Bilgehan Karadag, Servet Altay, Vural Ali Vural
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The cardioprotective effects of ischemic 'preconditioning' are not mediated by adenosine receptors in rat hearts.
Authors: Y Li, R A Kloner
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Adenosine receptor activation has been proposed to explain the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in rabbit hearts. We tested this hypothesis in a rat model by assessing whether administration of an adenosine antagonist could block the protective effect of preconditioning and whether adenosine is able to reduce infarct size in rat hearts when given before sustained coronary occlusion.We assessed the effects of the adenosine antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (SPT) and adenosine on myocardial infarct size and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in five groups of rats: control (nonpreconditioned)+vehicle, control+SPT, preconditioned+vehicle, preconditioned+SPT, and control (nonpreconditioned)+adenosine. All rats underwent 90 minutes of coronary artery occlusion followed by 4 hours of reperfusion while preconditioned rats underwent three 3-minute episodes of ischemia, each separated by 5 minutes of reperfusion before sustained occlusion. The area at risk was determined by intravascular injection of blue dye during coronary artery occlusion, and infarct size was determined by incubation of heart slices in triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In the nonpreconditioned control rats receiving vehicle, myocardial infarct size expressed as a percentage of the area at risk averaged 55.2 +/- 4.8%. Pretreatment with SPT and adenosine had no effect on infarct size (52.2 +/- 3.1% and 52.6 +/- 3.8%, respectively) in the nonpreconditioned control animals compared with the control animals that received vehicle. Both the preconditioned+vehicle (16.4 +/- 4.3%) and the preconditioned+SPT (18.3 +/- 5.2%) groups had a significant reduction in infarct size (p < 0.01 versus control+vehicle, control+SPT, and control+adenosine), with no difference in infarct size between the two preconditioned groups. The incidence of ventricular tachycardia was significantly decreased in both the preconditioned+vehicle (10%, p < 0.05) and the preconditioned+SPT (25.0%, p < 0.05) groups when compared with the control+vehicle (100%), control+SPT (100%), and control+adenosine groups (100%). There was, however, no significant difference in the incidence of ventricular tachycardia between the preconditioned+vehicle and the preconditioned+SPT groups.Because the adenosine antagonist SPT failed to abolish the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning and intravenous adenosine was unable to protect the hearts, it is unlikely that the mechanism of preconditioning is mediated by adenosine receptors in the rat model.
Patients with atopic dermatitis have attenuated and distinct contact hypersensitivity responses to common allergens in skin
Authors: Joel Correa da Rosa, Dana Malajian, Avner Shemer, Mariya Rozenblit, Nikhil Dhingra, Tali Czarnowicki, Saakshi Khattri, Benjamin Ungar, Robert Finney, Hui Xu, Xiuzhong Zheng, Yeriel D. Estrada, Xiangyu Peng, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, James G. Krueger, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)