tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-051 Bowelscope: Early Results From The Pilot Sites: Abstract PWE-051 Table 1
Authors: R Bevan, C Nickerson, J Patnick, R Loke, B Saunders, J Stebbing, R Tighe, A Veitch, J Painter, CJ Rees
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> UK population colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been successfully implemented with Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) faecal occult blood testing biannually from age 60–75. A large UK study of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSIG) demonstrated a reductions in CRC incidence of 33% and death rates of 43% (1). This, with the screening centre infrastructure developed for the FOB programme, allowed provision of a new arm of BCSP, offering FSIG to 55 year olds in England, known as BowelScope screening. BowelScope screening began May 2013, with 6 pilot sites performing FSIGs in the first 7 months. <h3>Methods</h3> We aim to describe procedural data from the early months of BowelScope screening. Data were obtained from The Bowel Cancer Screening System (BCSS) database for all participants invited and participating in BowelScope FSIGs May-Dec 2013. Procedural data were recorded, including insertion depth, FSIG length, adenoma detection rates (ADR), cancer detection, discomfort levels, entonox usage and colonoscopy conversion rates. <h3>Results</h3> 13927 people were invited or opted in to BowelScope screening at 6 centres. Overall uptake is 43.5% (range 37.0–51.9%). 4 cancers were detected. Polyps were detected in 16.4–23.8% of FSIGs (mean 20.7%). Mean ADR 8.4%. One centre has a significantly higher ADR than the other five sites (p &lt; 0.05) (see Table 1). Most (53%) procedures took 6–10 min. 79% of procedures were reported as causing no or minimal pain only, with only 34 procedures (1%) reporting severe pain. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Uptake has varied between centres, but is lower than for the FOB arm of BCSP. Average ADR is 8.4% (range 6.1–12.1%), lower than in the UK flexible sigmoidoscopy screening trial (12.1%<sup>1</sup>) although the age range studied in the trial differs from the cohort described here. Further work will be required to investigate the variation in uptake rates and to improve these rates. ADR variations may also need to be addressed; further analysis of patient groups may explain these differences. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Atkin <i>et al</i>.<i> Lancet</i> 2010:375:1624–1633 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Traumatic brain injury carries long term health risks, finds study
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Survivors of traumatic brain injuries face elevated health risks in later life that have become a “hidden” problem, say specialists.

Researchers said new findings showed that people who survived for six months after a traumatic brain injury were three times more likely than the general population to die prematurely or from suicide or fatal injuries. 

Such survivors were found to have higher rates of depression and drug or alcohol abuse, both before and after their injury. Their risk of premature death was higher still—most commonly from suicide, road crashes, and falls, the research said.

Seena Fazel, the lead author of the study, said that current treatment guidelines that focused on short term treatment and recovery after traumatic brain …
The neurobiology of knowledge retrieval
Authors: Daniel Tranel, Antonio R. Damasio
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Recent investigations have explored how large-scale systems in the brain operate in the processes of retrieving knowledge for words and concepts. Much of the crucial evidence derives from lesion studies, because word retrieval and concept retrieval can be clearly dissociated in brain-damaged individuals. We discuss these findings from the perspective of our neurobiological framework, which is cited in Pulverm&amp;uuml;ller's target article.
Eicosanoids decrease with successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: E L Dobyns, J Y Wescott, J M Kennaugh, M N Ross, K R Stenmark
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Elevated concentrations of eicosanoids have been reported in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN), thereby indicating their potential role in its pathophysiology. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has improved the outcome in selected infants with PPHN. We hypothesized that ECMO, by alleviating lung injury, would be associated with decreased eicosanoid production and clinical improvement. Twenty-two newborns with PPHN treated with either ECMO or conventional means were studied. Concentrations of TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGD2, PGE2, LTB4, and LTE4 were serially measured in BALF. Elevated concentrations of all eicosanoids measured were observed in all infants with PPHN at the initiation of ECMO. Eicosanoid concentrations decreased in all infants with a good clinical outcome after ECMO, but they remained elevated in those with a poor outcome. In patients with less severe PPHN, not requiring ECMO, lower concentrations of eicosanoids were observed at initiation of therapy. Eicosanoid levels increased or did not change over the course of conventional treatment. We conclude that eicosanoids are present in high concentrations in infants with PPHN. Iatrogenic factors, including oxygen and barotrauma, appear to correlate with their concentrations. Removal of these factors is associated with decreased production of mediators and clinical improvement.
Prevalence of anti-beta-2 microglobulin autoantibodies in sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients with extra-articular manifestations.
Authors: A Falus, K Merétey, S Bozsóky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The frequency and concentration of specific factors binding beta 2 microglobulin were investigated in sera and synovial fluids of patients and in sera of normal controls. High anti-beta 2 m activity was detected in the sera of adult RA patients, particularly in those of with extra-articular disease. Similarly, anti-beta 2 m was present in the synovial fluids of RA but not of osteoarthrosis patients. Both the binding of anti-beta 2 m activity to the Sepharose staphylococcal protein A and its elution position in the second 'IgG' peak after Sephadex G-200 gel filtration suggest the antibody nature of the activity. The possibility of differences not only in titre but also in the specificity of heterologous and homologous anti-beta 2 m antibodies are discussed.
Interaction between Pseudomonas and CXC Chemokines Increases Risk of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome and Death in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Aric L. Gregson, Xiaoyan Wang, S. Sam Weigt, Vyacheslav Palchevskiy, Joseph P. Lynch, David J. Ross, Bernard M. Kubak, Rajan Saggar, Michael C. Fishbein, Abbas Ardehali, Gang Li, Robert Elashoff, John A. Belperio
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most commonly isolated gram-negative bacterium after lung transplantation and has been shown to up-regulate glutamic acid–leucine–arginine–positive (ELR+) CXC chemokines associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), but the effect of pseudomonas on BOS and death has not been well defined.Objectives: To determine if the influence of pseudomonas isolation and ELR+ CXC chemokines on the subsequent development of BOS and the occurrence of death is time dependent.Methods: A three-state model was developed to assess the likelihood of transitioning from lung transplant (state 1) to BOS (state 2), from transplant (state 1) to death (state 3), and from BOS (state 2) to death (state 3). This Cox semi-Markovian approach determines state survival rates and cause-specific hazards for movement from one state to another.Measurements and Main Results: The likelihood of transition from transplant to BOS was increased by acute rejection, CXCL5, and the interaction between pseudomonas and CXCL1. The pseudomonas effect in this transition was due to infection rather than colonization. Movement from transplant to death was facilitated by pseudomonas infection and single lung transplant. Transition from BOS to death was affected by the length of time in state 1 and by the interactions between any pseudomonas isolation and CXCL5 and aspergillus, either independently or in combination.Conclusions: Our model demonstrates that common post-transplantation events drive movement from one post-transplantation state to another and influence outcomes differently depending upon when after transplantation they occur. Pseudomonas and the ELR+ CXC chemokines may interact to negatively influence lung transplant outcomes.
THE TYPHOID CARRIER STATE TREATED WITH SULFAGUANIDINE
Authors: J. Elliot Levi
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Reports by Marshall and his associates<sup>1</sup>on the treatment of acute bacillary dysentery and other intestinal infections suggested the use of sulfaguanidine (sulfanilylguanidine) in the typhoid carrier state. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> W. M., a white man aged 38, a chef, was discharged from this hospital on Aug. 15, 1940 after a seven weeks confinement for typhoid. The diagnosis was confirmed by cultures of the blood, urine and stools as well as by the Widal reaction. After discharge, cultures of the stools remained persistently positive for Eberthella typhi. Cultures of the urine and blood were negative for the organism. The patient was readmitted October 13. Cultures of the bile and stools were still positive. The Graham-Cole test revealed poor filling of the gallbladder. On October 27 the patient was started on the therapeutic administration of soluble iodophthalein according to the method of Saphir and Howell.<sup>2</sup>He was kept on
Prospective analysis of neuropsychiatric events in an international disease inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: J G Hanly, M B Urowitz, L Su, S C Bae, C Gordon, D J Wallace, A Clarke, S Bernatsky, D Isenberg, A Rahman, G S Alarcón, D D Gladman, P R Fortin, J Sanchez-Guerrero, J Romero-Diaz, J T Merrill, E Ginzler, I N Bruce, K Steinsson, M Khamashta, M Petri, S Manzi, M A Dooley, R Ramsey-Goldman, R Van Vollenhoven, O Nived, G Sturfelt, C Aranow, K Kalunian, M Ramos-Casals, A Zoma, J Douglas, K Thompson, V Farewell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objectives To determine the frequency, accrual, attribution and outcome of neuropsychiatric (NP) events and impact on quality of life over 3 years in a large inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The study was conducted by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics. Patients were enrolled within 15 months of SLE diagnosis. NP events were identified using the American College of Rheumatology case definitions, and decision rules were derived to determine the proportion of NP disease attributable to SLE. The outcome of NP events was recorded and patient-perceived impact determined by the SF-36. Results 1206 patients (89.6% female) with a mean (±SD) age of 34.5±13.2 years were included in the study. The mean disease duration at enrolment was 5.4±4.2 months. Over a mean follow-up of 1.9±1.2 years, 486/1206 (40.3%) patients had ≥1 NP events, which were attributed to SLE in 13.0–23.6% of patients using two a priori decision rules. The frequency of individual NP events varied from 47.1% (headache) to 0% (myasthenia gravis). The outcome was significantly better for those NP events attributed to SLE, especially if they occurred within 1.5 years of the diagnosis of SLE. Patients with NP events, regardless of attribution, had significantly lower summary scores for both mental and physical health over the study. Conclusions NP events in patients with SLE are of variable frequency, most commonly present early in the disease course and adversely impact patients' quality of life over time. Events attributed to non-SLE causes are more common than those due to SLE, although the latter have a more favourable outcome.
DERANGEMENT OF THE KIDNEYS IN LITHEMIA OF CHILDREN.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: J. M. G. CARTER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

One of the most common forms of derangement in the alimentary canal of children is due to the failure of the liver to properly perform its function. This neglect of duty on the part of that important organ permits the accumulation in excess in the blood of glycogen or sugar, uric, oxalic and other acids. The origin of this trouble is found in improper food in many cases, producing acid digestion. At times, however, the derangement seems to be caused by some nervous influence or an inherited dyscrasia. The condition, whatever its origin, seems to consist in an imperfect digestion of food, or an incomplete oxidation of proteid material by the hepatic cells. An excessive indulgence in sugars, starches, and fats may produce both imperfect digestion and failure on the part of the hepatic cells to completely oxidize the proteids. An acid indigestion is a common result of this indiscretion.
Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis Type IIb
Authors: Marshall B. Block
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A 29-year-old man with a marfanoid habitus, peculiar mucosal neuromas of the lips and tongue, high arched palate, hyperplastic corneal nerves, and hypertension was found at operation to have medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, parathyroid hyperplasia, and pheochromocytoma. These symptoms and findings are characteristic of multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA IIb) syndromes. (<i>JAMA</i>234:710-714, 1975)
Apport clinique de la capsule colique chez des patients en échec ou contre-indication de coloscopie: étude prospective multicentrique
Authors: A de Leusse, B Filoche, PA Dalbiès, P Adenis-Lamarre, P Jacob, JL Gaudin, P Coulom, JC Letard, E Borotto, JM Cabaud, D Crampon, R Gincul, P Lévy, E Ben Soussan, M Garret, J Lapuelle, JC Saurin
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Environ 7% des patients présentant une indication classique de coloscopie ne peuvent avoir cet examen pour des raisons de contre-indication temporaire ou du fait d'un échec technique. Nous avons testé l'intérêt clinique de la capsule colique (Given Imaging°) dans cette situation.
Blood Pressure Rebound Following Withdrawal of Antihypertensive Treatment
Authors: Michael A. Weber
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Recently Strauss and his colleagues (238:1734,1977) reported their observations on three patients with renovascular hypertension who experienced apparent rebound hypertension following cessation of antihypertensive medications. Although these patients were receiving multiple drug regimens, these authors assumed that clonidine was the responsible agent in each case. They further suggested that patients with high renin states, such as high renin essential hypertension or renovascular hypertension, may be at greatest risk of experiencing hypertensive rebound following clonidine withdrawal. Perhaps the most important factor in these case reports is that each patient was receiving propranolol at the time that clonidine was withdrawn. Although the propranolol therapy was discontinued together with clonidine in two of the three patients, the long duration of propranolo's biologic activity makes it highly likely that it was still exerting its effects during the period of blood pressure rebound. Because the β-blocking action of propranolol neutralizes the
Partitioning of reproduction in animal societies
Authors: Laurent Keller, H.Kern Reeve
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (1994)

A key feature differentiating cooperative animal societies Is the apportionment of reproduction among individuals. Only recently have studies started to focus on intraspecific variability in the distribution of reproduction within animal societies, and the available data suggest that this variability might be greater than previously suspected. How can one account for intra-and interspecific variability in partitioning of reproduction? This Is one of the most intriguing problems in the study of social behaviour, and understanding the factors underlying this variability is one of the keys to understanding the properties of complex animal societies.
Obesity trial: knowledge without systems
Authors: Maribel Cifuentes, Larry A Green
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Not enough, again 

In this issue of BMJ USA , Moore et al (p 35) report a practice-based randomized trial that assessed a 4.5 hour training program delivered by dietitians to general practitioners and practice staff to improve their knowledge and management of obesity in adults. The primary outcome was patients' weight change at 12 months, and secondary outcomes included practitioners' knowledge and process measures. While knowledge improved and intervention practices appear to have “tried harder,” there was no weight loss in patients. The authors reported that the intervention strategy was only partially implemented in study practices. Combining this partial implementation with the known limited effects of increased knowledge alone on changing practice, the study's findings are exactly the results one would expect.

This intervention focused on clinician knowledge rather than how frontline practice happens. It further supports the view that interventions loaded into primary care practices without consideration of competing demands1 and practice redesign will likely continue to fail until a new model of primary care practice emerges.

As in …
Anticonvulsant Therapy and Vitamin D
Authors: THEODORE J. HAHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1973Anticonvulsant Therapy and Vitamin DTHEODORE J. HAHN, M.D.THEODORE J. HAHN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-308_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The excellent article by Dr. Sotaniemi and colleagues, "Radiologic Bone Changes and Hypocalcemia with Anticonvulsant Therapy in Epilepsy" (Ann Intern Med76:389-394, 1972), was read with interest. With regard to the questions the authors raise concerning the pathogenesis of osteomalacia after anticonvulsant therapy, it should be noted that chronic phenobarbital therapy in humans has produced a marked decrease in plasma vitamin D3-3H (D3-3H) half-life, with increased formation of polar, apparently biologically-inactive, vitamin D metabolites (1). This increased catabolism appears to occur in the liver, since in vitro incubation of D3-3H with liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats results...References1. HAHNBIRGESCHARP TSC: Phenobarbital-induced alterations in vitamin D metabolism. J Clin Invest 51:741-748, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HAHNSCHARPAVIOLI TCL: Effect of phenobarbital administration on subcellular distribution of D3-3H in rat liver (abstract). Clin Res 20:547, 1972 Google Scholar3. HAHNHENDINSCHARP TBC: Effect of chronic anticonvulsant therapy on serum 25-hydroxycalciferol levels in adults. N Engl J Med. In press Google Scholar4. DELUCAAVIOLI HL: Treatment of renal osteodystrophy with 25-hydroxycalciferol. Arch Intern Med 126:896-899, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RASMUSSENWONGBIKLE HMD: Hormonal control of the renal conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. J Clin Invest 51:2502-2504, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTreatment of anticonvulsant drug-induced bone diseasePositivisms Old and NewPharmacokinetic Drug Interactions 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 308-309KeywordsAnticonvulsantsBoneCatabolismEpilepsyHalf lifeHypocalcemiaLiverMetabolitesPathogenesisVitamin D Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tumor Volume Decrease at 8 Weeks Is Associated with Longer Survival in EGFR-Mutant Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with EGFR TKI
Authors: Mizuki Nishino, Suzanne E. Dahlberg, Stephanie Cardarella, David M. Jackman, Michael S. Rabin, Hiroto Hatabu, Pasi A. Jänne, Bruce E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Drug regulation: a sometimes unhealthy coalition
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Mutual respect, tolerance, understanding, and support—these hallmarks of successful partnership will be sorely needed by the parties making up the United Kingdom’s brand new coalition government, not least because it’s 65 years since the last such arrangement ended in the Westminster parliament. In the meantime the politicians and the electorate have got used to the more adversarial approach in which general elections deliver undivided power to clear winners and knockout blows to the rest.

So, for lessons about how large coalitions work (or fail) where can we turn? …
Abstract 4811: Compression-induced cell distension stimulates coordinated migration of mammary carcinoma cells
Authors: Janet M. Tse, Gang Cheng, James A. Tyrrell, Sarah A. Wilcox-Adelman, Rakesh K. Jain, Lance L. Munn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Uncontrolled cell proliferation of a solid tumor in a confined space not only creates oxidative stress (hypoxia), but also generates mechanical compressive stress, which can influence the tumor cells and modify their interactions with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix. Little is known about how such compressive stress affects cancer progression. Here we show, for the first time, that externally-applied compressive stress results in faster migration of mammary carcinoma cells. Compression induces migration of mammary carcinoma cells in a coordinated sheet, initiated by “leader cells” - single cells at the leading edge of the sheet, extending long filopodia. The formation of leader cells is dependent on the geometry of association with neighboring cells, but the frequency of leader-cell formation - and sheet migration speed - is increased by applying compression perpendicular to the sheet. Accompanied by redistribution of fibronectin deposition, applied compression enhances cell-matrix adhesion and stabilizes cell distension independent of actomyosin contractile machinery. Our results suggest that mechanical stress accumulated during tumor growth is sufficient to enhance cell-substrate adhesion and stimulate cancer cell migration. This mechanism opens the door to a new class of targets for blocking mechanical stress pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4811.
RECENT PROGRESS IN THE ROENTGEN-RAY METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS.
Authors: CHARLES LESTER LEONARD
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The operative technique of modern surgery is the result of a process of evolution which is based upon the more accurate knowledge of the sources of infection and the formation of pus. The employment of asepsis and antisepsis, as a consequence, has had the result of decreasing the mortality in a field of operating that is ever widening, and narrowing the horizon of the inoperable and hopeless. The value of operative intervention is limited only by the inability to recognize the pathologic process at a sufficiently early period. It is impossible to restore to perfect functional activity organs seriously injured by disease. Marked progress can not be looked for in operative technique. A high average result can be obtained by an ever-increasing number of operators. The innocuousness of surgical operations is leading to an increased employment of purely exploratory operations and to operations that are not based upon a clear