tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Tc-99m DTPA Aerosol Ventilation Studies with Pulmonary Function Testing in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: C C KUNI, J R BUDD, W E REGELMANN, R P DUCRET, R J BOUDREAU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

In 43 patients with cystic fibrosis, the results of 122 Tc-99m DTPA aerosol ventilation (DAV) studies were compared with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) that were performed within 24 hours of the DAV studies. The DAV studies were evaluated blindly for (A) number of pulmonary segments showing little or no ventilation, (B) number of foci of bronchial deposition of aerosol, and (C) subjective overall improvement, lack of change, or worsening from the previous study. (A) and (B) correlated significantly with all PFTs (p's < .001, r's = -.51 to -.73). Changes in (A) and (B) also correlated with changes in PFTs (p's ≤ .001, r's = -.37 to -.58). The three populations in (C) were significantly different from each other with respect to changes in all PFTs (p ≤ .002). Intervals between studies showing subjective improvement, no change, and worsening averaged 60, 133, and 306 days, respectively. These results suggest that DAV is an indicator of both regional and global pulmonary function and may be useful in evaluating patients with cystic fibrosis.
The Syndrome of Systolic Click, Murmur, and Mitral Valve Prolapse-A Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: STEPHEN J. GULOTTA, LOUIS GULCO, VELLORE PADMANABHAN, STUART MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Twenty six patients with systolic clicks, murmurs, and prolapsed mitral valve leaflets were studied because of distressing chest pain or troublesome arrhythmias. Cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries and a high incidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The patients, 20 of whom were women, averaged 41 years of age. Thirteen of the 22 patients experienced chest pain of sufficient severity to warrant hospital admission for suspected acute myocardial infarction. Twenty of 26 had abnormal ECG patterns including sinus bradycardia, 1°, 2°, and 3° block, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and abnormal ST-T wave vectors. Three had patterns of healed transmural infarctions and five of 16 had positive exercise tests. LV dysfunction was hemodynamically documented in 20 patients by either elevated LV end diastolic pressure, low resting cardiac index, or inappropriate rise in cardiac index during exercise. In the remaining six, impaired LV dynamics were demonstrated angiographically. Left ventriculography revealed mitral valve prolapse in all patients, mitral regurgitation in 20, and mild to severe LV hypertrophy in 14 patients. Contractility, determined angiographically, was markedly impaired in 13 patients with marked hypokinesis of the antero-lateral wall of the LV resulting in the appearance of an unusual prominent convexity in this portion of the ventricle in end systole and early diastole. Seven others had similar but less severe impairment of LV contractility. These results indicate that LV dysfunction, possibly related to a primary myocardial disorder, is a significant component of the syndrome of prolapsed mitral valve leaflet. The findings in the symptomatic patients described in this study cannot be generalized to all patients with this syndrome as our sample excluded patients with mild asymptomatic forms of the disease.
Phylogenetic analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in mammalian species argues for the development of a rabbit model for cystic fibrosis
Authors: S. Vuillaumier, B. Kaltenboeck, G. Lecointre, P. Lehn, E. Denamur
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The species-specific pattern of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression was investigated in order to identify species closely related to man which can be used as potential cystic fibrosis (CF) animal models. To this purpose, the nucleotide sequences of the CFTR promoter region of eight mammalian species representing four different orders (Primates, Artiodactyla, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) were analyzed. Distance matrices and unrooted trees of the CFTR promoter region sequences yielded two deeply separated groups, one including man (Homo sapiens), nonhuman primates (Hylobates lar, Macaca fascicularis, Saimiri sciureus), cow (Bos taurus), and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the other including the rodents (Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus). Divergences between rodent and nonrodent groups have been observed in putative cis transcriptional regulatory elements and can be involved in the differences of pattern of expression between these two groups. Comparison of the available CFTR cDNA sequences enabled us to root the tree with a noneutherian outgroup and to perform a phylogenetic analysis. This analysis did not detect any base composition bias and supported polyphyletic Glires. Although a long-branch attraction artifact cannot be completely excluded, these findings converge toward the recent statement (Graur, Duret, and Gouy 1996) that Lagomorpha is more closely related to Primates than to Rodentia. In addition, the phenylalanine residue in exon 10 involved in the most common CF mutation in man is conserved in rabbit. These phylogenetic analyses as well as anatomical and developmental data suggest that, once rabbit embryonic stem cells become available, the rabbit will provide a suitable tool for both gene transfer and pharmacological investigations and could lead to a better CF model than the current murine models.
Very Long-Term Results (More Than 20 Years) of Valve Repair With Carpentier's Techniques in Nonrheumatic Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Authors: E. Braunberger, A. Deloche, A. Berrebi, F. Abdallah, J.A Celestin, P. Meimoun, G. Chatellier, S. Chauvaud, J.N. Fabiani, A. Carpentier
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Mitral valve repair is considered the gold standard in surgery of degenerative mitral valve insufficiency (MVI), but the long-term results (>20 years) are unknown.We reviewed the first 162 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve repair between 1970 and 1984 for MVI due to nonrheumatic disease. The cause of MVI was degenerative in 146 patients (90%) and bacterial endocarditis in 16 patients (10%). MVI was isolated or, in 18 cases, associated with tricuspid insufficiency. The mean age of the 162 patients (104 men and 58 women) was 56+/-10 years (age range 22 to 77 years). New York Heart Association functional class was I, II, III, and IV in 2%, 39%, 52%, and 7% of patients, respectively. The mean cardiothoracic ratio was 0.58+/-0.07 (0.4 to 0.8), and 72 (45%) patients had atrial fibrillation. Valve analysis showed that the main mechanism of MVI was type II Carpentier's functional classification in 152 patients. The leaflet prolapse involved the posterior leaflet in 93 patients, the anterior leaflet in 28 patients, and both leaflets in 31 patients. Surgical technique included a Carpentier's ring annuloplasty in all cases, a valve resection in 126 patients, and shortening or transposition of chordae in 49 patients. During the first postoperative month, there were 3 deaths (1.9%) and 3 reoperations (2 valve replacements and 1 repeat repair [1.9%]). Six patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 151 patients with mitral valve repair were followed during a median of 17 years (range 1 to 29 years; 2273 patient-years). The 20-year Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 48% (95% CI 40% to 57%), which is similar to the survival rate for a normal population with the same age structure. The 20-year rates were 19.3% (95% CI 11% to 27%) for cardiac death and 26% (95% CI 17% to 35%) for cardiac morbidity/mortality (including death from a cardiac cause, stroke, and reoperation). During the 20 years of follow-up, 7 patients were underwent surgery at 3, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10, or 12 years after the initial operation. Valve replacement was carried out in 5 patients, and repeat repair was carried out in 2 patients. At the end of the study, 65 patients remained alive (median follow-up 19 years). Their median age was 76 years (age range 41 to 95 years). All except 1 were in New York Heart Association functional class I/II.Mitral valve repair using Carpentier's technique in patients with nonrheumatic MVI provides excellent long-term results with a mortality rate similar to that of the general population and a very low incidence of reoperation.
Nature defends itself in High Court over issue of "freedom of scientific expression"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The trial of a libel action against the publishers of the journal Nature by the former editor of another science journal opened at the High Court in London on 11 November .

Mohamed El Naschie, an Egyptian mathematician, physicist, and engineer, launched the libel claim over a November 2008 article in Nature reporting his retirement as editor in chief of the Elsevier owned journal Chaos, Solitons and Fractals . The article, headed “Self-publishing editor set to retire,” noted that he published many of his own papers and questioned whether they had been peer reviewed to the expected standard.

He sued the Nature …
Today's doctor's dilemma
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Pleural biopsy is essential in pleural effusion approach. It has been questioned wether the closed pleural biopsy (CPB) is useful because of it´s low performance reported (48-56%). Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) has improved performance and security in thoracic procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance and security of blind CPB with Abrams needle and CPB assisted with TUS operated by pulmonologists. The hypothesis is that when assisted with TUS operated by pulmonologists, CPB with Abrams needle will have better performance and less complications. Ambispective, comparative, descriptive study. All patients with pleural effusion who had a CPB with Abrams needle performed (blind or with TU) in the National institute of Respiratory Diseases from august 2014 through february 2016 were included. The biopsy site was selected by physical examination in the blind CPB group and in the TUS group, the biopsy was made on the lower site with fluide or the site of pleural thickness. 63 patients were included. When assited with TUS, CPB were sufficient for the diagnosis in 27 out of 31 patients (87%). When performed blindly 21 out of 32 (65%) were sufficient for final diagnosis (p0.04). If we include only the malignant pathology, the difference is 87% when assisted with TUS and 59% in the blind group (p0.01). There were complications in 4 patients. 3 patients where in the blind CPB group (2 hydropneumothorax, 1 hemopneumothorax). 1 patient in the TUS group (subcutaneous hematoma). It is time to give a new opportunity to CPB with Abrams needle assisted with TUS operated by pulmonologists for the diagnosis of malignant and benign pleural diseases.
Health Care Utilization, Patient Costs, and Access to Care in US Adults With Eczema
Authors: Jonathan I. Silverberg
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Little is known about the health burden of adult eczema in the United States.To study the out-of-pocket costs, health care access and utilization in adult eczema in the United States.Two US population-based studies, the 2010 and 2012 National Health Interview Surveys, surveyed 27 157 and 34 613 adults (ages 18-85 years).History of eczema.The out-of-pocket costs, lost workdays, days in bed, and access to care.Adults with eczema had $371 to $489 higher out-of-pocket costs per person-year compared with those without eczema, with higher odds of increased out-of-pocket costs (survey multinomial logistic regression, adjusted odds ratios [ORs] [95% CIs] for NHIS 2012, <$1 to 499: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.54; $500 to $1999: OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22-1.81; $2000-$2999: OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.36-2.21; $3000-$4999: OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.56-2.73; ≥$5000: OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.34-2.27; P < .001). Adults with eczema were significantly more likely to have at least 6 lost workdays from all causes (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26-1.84), 1 to 2 half-days (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14-1.51); 3 to 5 half-days (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.54-2.20), and at least 6 half-days (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.92-2.62) in bed and increased health care utilization with more physician visits (1-3 visits: OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40-2.07; 4-9 visits: OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.00-3.00; and ≥10 visits: OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 2.69-4.12), urgent or emergency care visits (1-3 visits: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.29-1.66; 4-9 visits: OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.27-2.57; and ≥10 visits: OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.19-4.99) and hospitalizations (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17-1.60). Adults with eczema had significantly limited access to care with inability to afford prescription medications (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.92-2.81), were unable to get an appointment soon enough (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.73-2.41), had to wait too long to see a physician (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.28-1.97), had delayed care (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.49-2.01), and were not able to get care (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.40-1.97) because of worry about the related costs.This study demonstrates a large health burden of eczema in adults and suggests substantial out-of-pocket costs, indirect costs from lost workdays and sick days, and increased health care utilization.
Tau and Parkinson Disease
Authors: Maria Grazia Spillantini
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex differences in dream aggression
Authors: Michael Schredl
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Dream research shows sex differences in dream aggression that fit very well with the findings for waking-life aggressive behaviour. Dream studies are a valuable tool for investigating variables underlying the sex difference in aggression. One might argue that studying dream aggression might be even more promising because aggression in dreams is not socially labelled, as being aggressive in waking life is.
Pretreatment Evaluation of Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: John B. Wong, William G. Bennett, Raymond S. Koff, Stephen G. Pauker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection affects nearly 4 million people in the United States.Treatment with interferon alfa-2b has been limited by its cost and low likelihood of long-term response.Objective.-Toexamine the cost-effectiveness of alternative pretreatment management strategies for patients with CHC.Design.-Decision and cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model to examine prevalence of genotypes, viral load, and histological characteristics in relation to the sustained response rate with treatment.Data were based on a previously published decision model and a MEDLINE literature search for hepatitis C, biopsy, and liver from 1966 to 1996.Patients.-Ahypothetical population of patients with CHC infection and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase level.Interventions.-Combinations of liver biopsy, genotyping, and quantitative viral load determination prior to a single 6-month course of interferon alfa-2b; empirical interferon treatment; and conservative management.Main Outcome Measures.-Proportion of sustained responders, lifetime costs, life expectancy, and quality-adjusted life expectancy.Results.-Strategies involving hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA testing had marginal cost-effectiveness ratios up to $4400 per discounted quality-adjusted life-year gained but would miss up to 36% of sustained responders.Empirical interferon treatment had a marginal cost-effectiveness ratio of $12 400 per discounted quality-adjusted life-year gained and reached all potential sustained responders.Strategies involving liver biopsy were more expensive and would miss 6% of sustained responders and yield slightly lower life expectancies.Conclusions.-Routineliver biopsy before treatment with interferon increases the cost of managing patients with CHC without improving health outcomes.Using quantitative HCV RNA testing to guide therapy misses some potential sustained responders.Empirical interferon treatment has a marginal cost-effectiveness ratio within the bounds of other commonly accepted therapies and misses none of the sustained responders.
Abnormal Uptake of I-131 Mimicking Salivary Gland Uptake in a Patient With Diffuse Dental Disease
Authors: ROBERT MORGAN, MARC COTE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A patient with papillary thyroid cancer underwent near-total thyroid resection. The patient then received 150 mCi I-131 to ablate any remaining thyroid tissue and micrometastases, if present. The patient underwent whole-body imaging 10 days after receiving the ablative dose to identify any metastatic disease. Normal uptake was seen, with the exception of the region of the lower jaw, where intense uptake was present. On physical examination in the department of nuclear medicine, the patient was noted to have extremely poor dentition. This is the first report of I-131 uptake resulting from extensive dental disease mimicking uptake in the salivary gland.
Smallpox Vaccination — The Call to Arms
Authors: Terry L. Schraeder, Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The possibility of biologic warfare has entered the national psyche. Vaccination against smallpox has begun. For physicians and other health care professionals, the current call to arms means more than rolling up our sleeves for the prick of a bifurcated smallpox-vaccine needle. It means making sensitive decisions for ourselves and giving important education and advice to our patients. After all, we have faced fearful uncertainties before, and we do have wisdom from past experience (Figure). Our government is basing the current smallpox response and vaccination plan, in part, on mathematical modeling of smallpox-attack scenarios such as that performed by . . .
Ascariasis Observed by Wireless-Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: J. Soares, L. Lopes, G. Villas-Boas, C. Pinho
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Figure 1 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an inherited gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis associated with mucocutaneous pigmentation. The most frequent location for PJS polyps is in the small bowel, and it is associated with a risk of intestinal cancer which is much greater than that in the general population. At our institution we are evaluating the use of wireless-capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of small-bowel polyps. This pedunculated polyp is an example of the many small polyps in the small intestine of an asymptomatic middle-aged woman with PJS.
Remarks on a Case of Pancreatitis Followed by Cyst of the Pancreas
Authors: A. McPhedran
Journal: BMJ (1897)

PANCREATITIS FOLLOWED BY PANCREAKTfC CYST.rUE5 87The history points to a partial closure of the common bile duct, and to the' existence of a cavity beneath the diaphragm, which was either a distended gall bladder or an abseess with which the gall bladder communicated freely.Direct com- munication also existed between the biliary passages and the pleura and bronchi.Before the second opening was made the obstruction in the common duct was apparently not so complete but 'that It was overcome, and the bile passed into the duodenum.Afterwards the exit through the chest wall was easier, and the bile ceased flowirig through the natural channels.It is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis in such a case as this.There is no doubt a displacement of the liver back- wards, so that the anterior border with the fundus of the gall bladder were brought -into close contact with the diaphragm.A'rupture of the diaphragm.may have taken place at the time of th,1 accident.This would account for the very severe pain and possibly for the pulmonary haemorrhage.If the diaphragm had'been 'ruptured one would have expected greiter shock.Direct contusion of the lung might have ac ounted for the pulmonary hsemorrhage.Cases of laceration of the liver have been described whichwe-e followed by little halmorrhage, although the opposite is the general rule.Such lacerations have been known to oecur from very slight injuries.A blow which is not heavy enough to produce much contusion of the skin may cause laceration of the liver.One case is mentioned where a quick turn in bed when the patient was very much frightened was the only cause which could be discovered for a laceration in the pos- terior part of the right lobe of the liver.Dr. Peters2 reports a case in which a blow over the liver resulted in perihepatitis and pleuriby on the right side.Dr. P'eters thought there had been a wound of the Jiver substance.There was no interference with the biliary functions.Drs.Thomson and Wardlow, of Galt, to whom I am in- debted for the history of this case, have recently (April 26th) written to me that the patient is slowly recovering.The bile passes largely into the bowel, and the stools have become normal in colour.The patient coughs up very little bilious fluid, and very little finds its way through the lower opening.
Doctors owed thousands of pounds as medical reporting agency goes into administration
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Thousands of doctors have fallen victim to the credit crunch, with the collapse of one of the largest agencies that provides medical reports for people who have been unintentionally injured. 

As many as 9000 doctors are owed millions of pounds by the E-reporting Group, which went into administration on 18 November with total debts of about £8m (€9m; $12m). Andy McGill, of the administrator KPMG, told the BMJ that some doctors were owed £60 000 or more, with the average about £5000-£10 000.

Mr McGill said …
Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-3α, stromal cell–derived factor-1, and B-cell–attracting chemokine-1 identifies the tonsil crypt as an attractive site for B cells
Authors: Montserrat Casamayor-Pallejà, Paul Mondière, Ali Amara, Chantal Bella, Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean, Christophe Caux, Thierry Defrance
Journal: Blood (2001)
Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcoholic or Viral C Cirrhosis
Authors: Gisèle N’Kontchou, Jacques Paries, Myint Tin Tin Htar, Nathalie Ganne–Carrie, Lydie Costentin, Véronique Grando–Lemaire, Jean–Claude Trinchet, Michel Beaugrand
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)