tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diacylglycerol accumulation and microvascular abnormalities induced by elevated glucose levels.
Authors: B A Wolf, J R Williamson, R A Easom, K Chang, W R Sherman, J Turk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The present experiments were undertaken to examine the hypothesis that glucose-induced increased de novo synthesis of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (which has been observed in a number of different tissues, including retinal capillary endothelial cells exposed to elevated glucose levels in vitro) and associated activation of protein kinase C may play a role in mediating glucose-induced vascular functional changes. We report here that twice daily instillation of 30 mM glucose over 10 d in a rat skin chamber granulation tissue model induces approximately a 2.7-fold increase in diacylglycerol (DAG) levels (versus tissues exposed to 5 mM glucose) in association with marked increases in vascular clearance of albumin and blood flow. The glucose-induced increase in DAG levels as well as the vascular functional changes are prevented by addition of 3 mM pyruvate. Pharmacological activation of protein kinase C with the phorbol ester TPA in the presence of 5 mM glucose increases microvascular albumin clearance and blood flow, and similar effects are observed with 1-monoolein (MOG), a pharmacological inhibitor of the catabolism of endogenous DAG. A pharmacological inhibitor of protein kinase C (staurosporine) greatly attenuates the rise in microvascular albumin clearance (but not the rise in blood flow) induced by glucose or by MOG. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that elevated concentrations of glucose increase tissue DAG content via de novo synthesis, resulting in protein kinase C activation, and that these biochemical events are among the factors that generate the increased microvascular albumin clearance.
Unusual Particles in Splenic Disorders
Authors: A. E. Stuart, A. I. S. Macpherson, J. Richmond
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Virus-like particles have been seen on electronmicroscopic examination of four spleens surgically removed for haematological disorders—three cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and one case of haemolytic anaemia. The particles were approximately spherical and 50-60 nanometres in diameter.
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition in Neuropathic Joints
Authors: SERGIO JACOBELLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Three men and one woman with late, latent syphilis and neurotrophic knee joints are reported here. One had calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition in several joints, without abnormal neurological changes; the other three showed some of the neurological lesions of tabes dorsalis and this joint deposition. We postulate a pathogenetic synergism of the two conditions. Because neuroarthropathy should be excluded before proceeding with endoprosthetic joint replacement, it is important to establish the cause of severe peripheral joint degeneration with precision, by careful neurologic, radiologic, and laboratory examination.
Sexually transmitted disease surveillance.
Authors: C B Schofield
Journal: BMJ (1982)

cell count is of no value in such situations in evaluating the probability of acute bacterial infection, as in a proportion of patients with infectious mononucleosis the first change evi- dent is a neutrophil leucocytosis.'To put my point in the language of clinical epidemiology, the positive predictive value of a neutrophil leucocytosis in diagnosing bacterial throat infection is low when the prevalence of infectious mononucleosis is high.This has obvious implications for those who care for young populations.Secondly, since this study was presumably designed to emphasise the importance of rational therapy of sore throats, I would like to ponder on the possible importance of irrational therapy in the dramatic reduction in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and rheu- matic fever which has taken place in the last three decades.Did wholesale prescription of antibiotics when they were available have a valuable role to play in the virtual dis- appearance of these diseases ?Is it only now that we can afford the luxury of a sophisticated rational therapy ?
Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome-Reply
Authors: William T. Brinton
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the interest of Dr Aven in our report of an outbreak of organic dust toxic syndrome among young adults. We endeavored to make clear that organic dust toxic syndrome is<i>not</i>the consequence of an "immunologic inflammatory reaction." Rather, it is a dust-related illness in which high concentrations of a large variety of fungi and thermophylic actinomyces induce a direct inflammatory ("toxic") response in the lung. The primary differential diagnosis is, however, with a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis such as farmer's lung disease. This diagnosis was excluded by negative serological responses to the standard panel of fungal and bacterial antigens that have been associated with this disease, as well as to the extract of straw. Although not foolproof, the latter is the method by which Pepys originally identified the cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis). During the investigation of the outbreak, we considered the advisability
Usefulness of immunotherapy in patients with severe summer hay fever uncontrolled by antiallergic drugs.
Authors: V A Varney, M Gaga, A J Frew, V R Aber, A B Kay, S R Durham
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy (hyposensitisation) in patients with severe summer hay fever. DESIGN--A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of a biologically standardised depot grass pollen extract. SETTING--Allergy clinic, Royal Brompton and National Heart Hospital, London. PATIENTS--40 adults (mean age 35 years) with a history of severe grass pollen allergy uncontrolled by standard antiallergic drugs. Patients with perennial asthma were specifically excluded. INTERVENTION--Patients were randomised to receive either an active preparation (Alutard SQ, a grass pollen (Phleum pratense) extract) or placebo at a rate of two subcutaneous injections a week in increasing doses until a maintenance dose was reached. This maintenance dose was given once a month. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Clinical efficacy was evaluated by symptom and drug diary cards, visual analogue scores during the grass pollen season, and a postseasonal assessment by the patients and a doctor. Conjunctival and skin sensitivity to local allergen provocation was measured before and after eight months of treatment. RESULTS--There was a highly significant decrease (median Alutard SQ v median placebo (95% confidence interval for difference between medians] in total symptom scores (p=0.001) in the Alutard SQ treated group (360 v 928 (238 to 825]. Significant differences were also found in total drug use (p=0.002, 129 v 627 (178 to 574]. Visual analogue symptom scores were also reduced in the active group (p=0.02, 2.2 v 5.5 (-4.8 to -0.5]. The postseasonal assessment, by either the doctor or the patients, showed a large improvement (p less than 0.001) in favour of Alutard SQ. Provocation tests showed a greater than 10-fold reduction for the active group in immediate conjunctival allergen sensitivity (p=0.001), a 40% decrease in early phase response (p=0.02), and a 57% decrease in the late phase (p=0.001) cutaneous response after intradermal allergen. A total of 523 active injections were given. There was one systemic reaction at 10 minutes after injection, which was rapidly reversed with intramuscular adrenaline. There was one mild delayed urticarial reaction at 2 1/2 hours. CONCLUSION--Immunotherapy is effective in patients with severe summer hay fever, but immediate anaphylactic reactions limit its use to specialised centres. Patient selection is extremely important, and chronic perennial asthma should be specifically excluded. As serious reactions occur within minutes a two hour wait for all patients after each injection seems unnecessary.
Skeletal Scintigraphy in the Multimodality Assessment of Young Children With Acute Skeletal Symptoms
Authors: Leonard P. Connolly, Susan A. Connolly
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

The authors review the scintigraphic manifestations of acute osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, transient synovitis, Legg—;CalvéPerthes disease, fractures of toddlers, and some systemic conditions that cause skeletal symptoms during childhood. They offer suggestions regarding incorporation of skeletal scintigraphy into a multimodality approach for assessing children with skeletal symptoms.
NOTIFICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: ARTHUR R. REYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Notification of the existence of tuberculosis is not demanded by the Department of Health of Chicago. Notification of a contagious disease to a health authority implies some action on the part of that authority; and no action commensurate with the existence of a disease which, it is estimated, affects one in every sixty of the world's population, is physically possible with the limited resources of our department. This, however, is not the most important objection to the notification scheme. If a consumptive person is properly instructed how to destroy the contagion in his sputum there is no reason why restriction should be placed on his movements, and in many cases he may be a useful and productive member of society for years. Any public action that would tend to brand him as an outcast or one to be shunned would be a great wrong, if the sufferer took proper care
Collapse reactions after whole cell pertussis vaccination
Authors: E. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Papers p 902 

“No child should be denied immunisation without serious thought as to the consequences both for the individual and the community.” This powerful statement prefaces the chapter on contraindications in the new edition of the United Kingdom's Handbook on Immunisation against Infectious Disease .1 In the 1970s a barricade of contraindications to pertussis vaccine was erected in response to undue concerns about safety. As the evidence has been reassessed, this barricade has now been largely demolished.

In 1981, without scientific substantiation, pertussis vaccine was contraindicated for a wide range of conditions, including cerebral irritation in the neonatal period and a family history of epilepsy or other diseases of the central nervous system.2 Interpretation of these recommendations was left to the …
Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Efficacy of Brinzolamide 1%/Timolol 0.5% Fixed Combination Compared with Brinzolamide 1% and Timolol 0.5%
Authors: Martin Kaback, Stephen V. Scoper, George Arzeno, John E. James, Steven Y. Hua, Craig Salem, Jaime E. Dickerson, Theresa A. Landry, Michael V.W. Bergamini
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Response of antidiuretic hormone to chlorpropamide.
Authors: M A Reza
Journal: BMJ (1980)

2) The bacteriological method used for isolation ofKlebsiella was as follows: Standard aliquots of faecal samples were cultured on a differential medium containing 1 °inositol, 1%,/ Lab Lemco, 1%X bacteriological peptone, 1 2%V agar, and bromothymol blue indicator incubated at 37°C for 18 hours.Inositol fermenting colonies were identified using API 20E.(3) There was no difference between the average number of visits from rheumatoid arthritis patients with one positive sample and the number of visits from patients who provided only negative samples.(4) Analysis of positive cultures in males and females was carried out on a patient and not a sample basis: 13 out of 33 men who provided samples on two or more occasions had two positive cultures compared with six out of 58 women who were examined in a similar way.This difference is significant.(5) The comparison among rheumatoid arthritis patients with HLA-B7 CREG antigens was carried on a patient and not a sample basis.(6) The reference to the work of Eastmond and coworkers' was misquoted as this group clearly found an association between isolation of faecal Klebsiella and uveitis (p <001) and peripheral synovitis (p < 0 05) in HLA-B27- positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Since we took the presence of uveitis and peripheral synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis as clinical evidence of disease activity we consider the results of this group as providing independent confirmation of our observations.( 7) The association of faecalKlebsiella with disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis has been made not only on clinical but also on biochemical criteria such as elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels.2We agree that further studies are clearly indicated, and currently we are carrying out a survey on the prevalence ofKlebsiella in faecal samples obtained from tissue-typed healthy controls not associated with a hospital environment.
Alkaline Phosphatase. POSSIBLE INDUCTION BY CYCLIC AMP AFTER CHOLERA ENTEROTOXIN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Alfred Baker, Marshall Kaplan, Daniel V. Kimberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The present studies were undertaken to determine the role, if any, of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) as a chemical inducer of rat liver alkaline phosphatase. Cholera enterotoxin, given intravenously to rats, led to a rapid rise in the activity of hepatic adenyl cyclase that was 7(1/2) times greater than control values in 6 h. Cyclic AMP levels were also significantly increased above control values while the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was unchanged. Hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity was increased 5(1/2) times above control in 12 h, but its rise followed that of adenyl cyclase and cyclic AMP by several hours. Cycloheximide inhibited the rise of hepatic alkaline phosphatase but not that of adenyl cyclase. The administration of glucagon, a known stimulator of hepatic adenyl cyclase, and of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, led to similar striking increases in hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity. This alkaline phosphatase increase was blocked by the prior administration of cycloheximide. Bile duct ligation, a known stimulator of hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity, failed to produce any significant changes in adenyl cyclase or cyclic AMP. Concomitant treatment of rats with bile duct ligation and cholera enterotoxin or bile duct ligation and glucagon, had no additive effect on the increase in hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity, although the increase occurred earlier. These results suggest that: (a) cyclic AMP may act as an inducer of hepatic alkaline phosphatase: (b) the stimulation of hepatic alkaline phosphatase by cholera enterotoxin is mediated by cyclic AMP; (c) the rise in hepatic alkaline phosphatase following bile duct ligation is not mediated by cyclic AMP; (d) the same alkaline phosphatase in rat liver may be induced by two (or more) mechanisms, only one of which requires cyclic AMP.
Financial Incentives and the Art of Payment Reform
Authors: Brent K. Hollenbeck, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Textbook of Medical Physiology
Authors: Panayotis G. Iatridis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Dr Arthur C. Guyton's<i>Textbook of Medical Physiology</i>is considered by many freshman medical students to be the text that meets all their needs in studying and learning the essentials in human physiology. The seventh edition is very similar to the sixth edition. The topic sequence is similar, as well as most of the tables and figures. Even the numbers of the different chapters are identical to those of the previous edition. In some instances, various topics have been rearranged within a chapter for didactic reasons. For example, in the presentation of the renal mechanism for controlling glomerular filtration and excretion and dilution in chapter 35 in the seventh edition, autoregulation of glomerular filtration and blood flow are the first topics discussed, whereas in the sixth edition these topics are at the end of the chapter. The only new addition is the last section, which deals with sports physiology.
Gynecomastia and Impotence Complications of Spironolactone Therapy
Authors: David J. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to report a case history illustrating an unusual complication of spironolactone therapy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 49-year-old man suffered increasingly severe headaches. He had been told of hypertension by a physician 11 years previously, but never adhered to treatment. He was a thin, anxious man. The blood pressure was 175/125 mm Hg, and a grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy was present. The heart was not enlarged, and the peripheral pulses were bounding. An x-ray film of the chest revealed a tortuous aorta and a normal-sized heart. Blood urea nitrogen level was 8 mg/100 ml; creatinine level was 1.0 mg/100 ml; and potassium level was 4.8 mEq/liter. The creatinine clearance was 123 ml/minute, and the 24-hour 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (vanillylmandelic acid [VMA]) excretion was 2.4 mg per gram of creatinine. Antihypertensive therapy began with hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg two times a day, chlordiazepoxide, 10 mg three times a
Book: Diagnosing Cancer in Primary Care
Authors: J. Holden
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Nicholas Summerton Radcliffe Medical Press, £18.95, pp 184 ISBN 1 85775 307 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> The early diagnosis of cancer is almost always difficult. In primary care there are many patients with symptoms that could be due to cancer but very few actually with cancer. Since most people will know someone for whom the diagnosis was apparently delayed, the government has promised that all patients in whom the diagnosis is suspected will be seen in hospital within two weeks. Widespread publicity about how Britain lags behind other wealthy … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Threats to Health Remain High on List of Dangers to US Troops Now Beginning Seventh Week in Haiti
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

MILITARY THREATS may be subsiding in Haiti, but disease threats are not. Among the challenges for US military physicians and commanders of US troops who still are in Haiti are diarrheal and other intestinal problems, malaria and other insect-borne disorders, parasites lurking in water and soil, zoonoses, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections, venomous creatures (centipedes, scorpions, and "brown recluse" spiders, but few if any poisonous snakes), and difficulties arising from stress, climate (it's now the rainy season, with temperatures exceeding 20°C [80°F]), or breakdowns in personal hygiene. In addition, US military physicians will be watching troops returning from Haiti to be certain that there is no malaria, as occurred among some soldiers returning from Somalia (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994; 271:92-96 and 1993;269:2833-2838); tuberculosis; sexually transmitted diseases; or other health problems. <h3>By the Book</h3> Most of the US troops who began moving ashore in Haiti on September 19 had been issued a 14-page
Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Early-stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CEPO Review and Recommendations
Authors: Gino Boily, Édith Filion, George Rakovich, Neil Kopek, Lise Tremblay, Benoit Samson, Stéphanie Goulet, Isabelle Roy
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Reply to J. Moss and R. J. Israel
Authors: Dorothea Weckermann, Helmuth Forst, Bernhard Polzer, Christoph A. Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

We are grateful for this comment, as we were not aware about this specific discussion in anesthesiology. However, it is our impression that the possible prometastatic effects of opioid anesthetics are relatively unsettled, with few studies and small patient numbers (see references in Moss and Israel) that have been analyzed. From our study, it is clear that anesthetics would have a role—if at all—on metastatic outgrowth and less on dissemination. We observed comparable rates of cytokeratin-positive disseminated tumor cells (CK DTCs) in bone marrow before and after surgery; however, detection of CK DTCs before surgery was a risk factor for progression to biochemical relapse and metastasis, whereas detection of CK DTCs 6 months to 10 years after surgery was not. Most patients in our study received balanced anesthesia (desflurane/fentanyl); few received peridural anesthesia, which can be equally administered for radical prostatectomy. Checking patient charts, however, we noted that numbers were too low to enable quantitative evaluation. It therefore seems mandatory to address this issue in a prospective study in which the association of preoperative CK DTC detection, type of anesthesia, and disease progression is addressed. Dorothea Weckermann Department of Urology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
Juvenile Delinquency in Israel
Authors: RONALD A. MARKMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Juvenile delinquency rates in Israel have risen dramatically; they appear directly related to ethnic origin and indirectly to immigration. Juveniles of Afro-Asian origin, whether immigrant or Israeli-born, produce the highest rates of delinquency. However, such behavior is delayed for several years after immigration, reflecting what the author believes is the gradual onset of family anomie—a breakdown in family cohesion secondary to adjustment difficulties. Conversely, the absence of family anomie retards the development of delinquency.
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus confined to the areolae
Authors: Z. Starzycki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus confined to the areolae Get access Z. Starzycki Z. Starzycki Dermatology Clinic, Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, ul, Kopernika 19a, 31‐501 Cracow, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 6, 1 December 1993, Pages 748–749, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03348.x Published: 01 December 1993
Prdm16 Is Required for the Maintenance of Brown Adipocyte Identity and Function in Adult Mice
Authors: Matthew J. Harms, Jeff Ishibashi, Wenshan Wang, Hee-Woong Lim, Susumu Goyama, Tomohiko Sato, Mineo Kurokawa, Kyoung-Jae Won, Patrick Seale
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)