tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting Tumor Hypoxia With Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs
Authors: Jen Jen Yeh, William Y. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.60.0759 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print March 23, 2015 PMID: 25800764 Targeting Tumor Hypoxia With Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs Jen Jen YehxJen Jen YehSearch for articles by this author , William Y. KimxWilliam Y. KimSearch for articles by this author Show More Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.60.0759 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Toll-like receptor 4–dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: Lionel Apetoh, François Ghiringhelli, Antoine Tesniere, Michel Obeid, Carla Ortiz, Alfredo Criollo, Grégoire Mignot, M Chiara Maiuri, Evelyn Ullrich, Patrick Saulnier, Huan Yang, Sebastian Amigorena, Bernard Ryffel, Franck J Barrat, Paul Saftig, Francis Levi, Rosette Lidereau, Catherine Nogues, Jean-Paul Mira, Agnès Chompret, Virginie Joulin, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Jean Bourhis, Fabrice André, Suzette Delaloge, Thomas Tursz, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Selenium Regulates Cyclooxygenase-2 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathways by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Jin-Taek Hwang, Young Min Kim, Young-Joon Surh, Haing Woon Baik, Seong-Kyu Lee, Joohun Ha, Ock Jin Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Epidemiologic and experimental evidences indicate that selenium, an essential trace element, can reduce the risk of a variety of cancers. Protection against certain types of cancers, particularly colorectal cancers, is closely associated with pathways involving cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which functions as a cellular energy sensor, mediates critical anticancer effects of selenium via a COX-2/prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway. Selenium activated AMPK in tumor xenografts as well as in colon cancer cell lines, and this activation seemed to be essential to the decrease in COX-2 expressions. Transduction with dominant-negative AMPK into colon cancer cells or application of cox-2−/−-negative cells supported the evidence that AMPK is an upstream signal of COX-2 and inhibits cell proliferation. In HT-29 colon cancer cells, carcinogenic agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) that led to COX-2 expression and selenium blocked the TPA-induced ERK and COX-2 activation via AMPK. We also showed the role of a reactive oxygen species as an AMPK activation signal in selenium-treated cells. We propose that AMPK is a novel and critical regulatory component in selenium-induced cancer cell death, further implying AMPK as a prime target of tumorigenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 10057-63)
Node-Negative Breast Cancer and the Clinical Alert
Authors: F. Andrew Dorr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1989Node-Negative Breast Cancer and the Clinical AlertF. Andrew Dorr, MD, Michael A. Friedman, MDF. Andrew Dorr, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Michael A. Friedman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-7-622 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The recent editorial by Pritchard (1) summarized the sometimes contentious debate that followed the distribution of the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Alert in May 1988. The author focused on how many women must be treated for the benefit of a minority and at what cost. She asked whether disease-free survival represents a sufficient benefit or if, in this group of patients, the quality of life lost due to adjuvant therapy is such that improved disease-free survival is not worth its cost.It was heartening to see the Clinical Alert referred to as a "temperate presentation of preliminary...References1. Pritchard K. Systemic adjuvant therapy for node-negative breast cancer: proven or premature? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:1-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Wittes R. Of clinical alerts and peer review [Editorial]. JNCI. 1988;80:984-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FisherRedmondDimitrov BRN. A randomized clinical trial evaluating sequential methotrexate and fluorouracil in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-negative tumors. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:473-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. FisherCostantinoRedmond BJC. A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:479-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MansourGrayShatila ERA. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:485-90. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1989Volume 111, Issue 7Page: 622-622KeywordsBreast cancerDisease free survivalQuality of life Issue Published: 1 October 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Experience with Isocarboxazid
Authors: Marvin Moser
Journal: JAMA (1961)

DURING the past 5 years much progress has been made with regard to the study of amine oxidase inhibitors.1-3These substances are capable of blocking the activity of certain enzymes (amine oxidases) that are widely distributed in the body, most commonly in nerve tissue, liver, and lungs. Among the substances inactivated by the amine oxidase system are epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, three vasoactive compounds capable of producing marked alterations in blood pressure. A substance or substances (monoamine oxidase [MAO] inhibitors) capable of blocking this enzyme action would allow a build-up or increase in the amount of vasoactive material, with its resultant physiologic effects.  In contrast, other compounds may act by reducing the amount of vasoactive material in the vasomotor areas of the brain or periphery. Some observers believe that reserpine and related drugs produce a fall in the level of serotonin and/or norepinephrine in the periphery, and that
The Sulfonylurea Glyburide Induces Impairment of Glucagon and Growth Hormone Responses During Mild Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia
Authors: Edith W.M.T. ter Braak, Alexander M.M.F. Appelman, Ingeborg van der Tweel, D. Willem Erkelens, Timon W. van Haeften
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—The sulfonylurea (SU) glyburide may cause severe and prolonged episodes of hypoglycemia. We aimed at investigating the impact of glyburide on glucose counterregulatory hormones during stepwise hypoglycemic clamp studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed stepwise hypoglycemic clamp studies in 16 healthy volunteers (7 women and 9 men aged 44 ± 10 years). We investigated counterregulatory hormonal and symptom responses at arterialized venous plasma glucose levels (PG) of 3.8, 3.2, and 2.6 mmol/l, comparing 10 mg glyburide orally and placebo in a double-blind, randomized crossover fashion. RESULTS—The increase in plasma glucagon with time from PG = 3.8 onward was smaller for glyburide than for placebo (P = 0.014). Plasma glucagon area under the curve (AUC)60–180 was lower after glyburide than after placebo (1,774 ± 715 vs. 2,161 ± 856 pmol · l–1 · min, P = 0.014). From PG = 3.8 onward, plasma growth hormone (GH) levels with placebo were nearly two times (1.9 [95% CI 1.2–2.9]) as high as with glyburide (P = 0.011). AUC60–180 for GH was lower after glyburide than after placebo (geometric mean [range] 665 [356–1,275] and 1,058 [392–1,818] mU · l–1 · min, respectively; P = 0.04). No significant differences were observed for plasma cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, or incremental symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS—The SU glyburide induces multiple defects in glucose counterregulatory hormonal responses, notably decreases in both glucagon and GH release.
P151Cardioprotection by pharmacological agents targeting mitochondria is preserved in isolated aged rat hearts
Authors: D Muntean, OM Duicu, A Privistirescu, MD Danila, A Sturza, L Noveanu, I Baczko, N Jost
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Whether cardioprotective strategies are still effective in elderly is a matter of debate. The present study was purported to assess the persistence of the protective effects of pharmacological agents targeting mitochondria in old Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods. To this aim isolated hearts from old (20-24 mo) and adult (4-6 mo) animals subjected to a protocol of 30 min ischemia/120 min reperfusion were randomized to receive throughout the postischemic reperfusion: no intervention, magnesium orotate (MO), magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and orotic acid (OA) at 5 x 10 (-3) M. The effects on functional recovery and infarct size were compared to the ones elicited by CsA at 2 x 10(-7) M, the classic mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) desensitizer. In a second group of experiments, cardiac mitochondria were isolated at 15 min of postischemic reperfusion for the assessment of respiratory function and calcium retention capacity. Results. Acute administration of MO and MgCl2 (but not of OA) during the postischemic reperfusion was associated with a significant recovery of left ventricular developed pressure and infarct size reduction in both adult and old animals. Cardioprotection was comparable to the one elicited by CsA. In mitochondria isolated from the old animals and energized with complex I (but not complex II) substrates, all the pharmacological agents were equally effective in protecting against the loss of outer mitochondrial membrane integrity, albeit to a lesser degree compared to adult mitochondria. Also, MO, MgCl2, and CsA (but not OA) prevented the calcium triggered-opening of mPTP. Conclusion. High dose of magnesium containing-pharmacological agents and cyclosporine A were effective in protecting heart mitochondria in aged rodents during the postischemic reperfusion.
Language isn't quite <i>that</i> special
Authors: Joanna J. Bryson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Language isn't the only way to cross modules, nor is it the only module with access to both input and output. Minds don't generally work across modules because this leads to combinatorial explosion in search and planning. Language is special in being a good vector for mimetics, so it becomes associated with useful cross-module concepts we acquire culturally. Further, language is indexical, so it facilitates computationally expensive operations.
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonists and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Giorgio Gandaglia, Maxine Sun, Jim C. Hu, Giacomo Novara, Toni K. Choueiri, Paul L. Nguyen, Jonas Schiffmann, Markus Graefen, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Firas Abdollah, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Heart Failure: A Practical Approach to Treatment
Authors: Ruth Falik
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An evaluation of precaution-based approaches as EMF policy tools in community environments.
Authors: J Sahl, M Dolan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This paper explores the use of precaution-based approaches as policy tools when responding to concerns about power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) in community environments. The combination of public concern and scientific uncertainty about potential health impacts from exposure to EMF challenges society to adopt EMF policies that balance the benefits of electric power against the possibility that some aspect of the use of electricity may be harmful. Inappropriate policy responses can undermine the economics of society's use of electricity and have other adverse consequences on public health. These adverse consequences result from the inappropriate diversion of scarce public and private resources. Precaution-based approaches are rooted in individual concepts of common sense and can be an effective component of a comprehensive set of EMF policy options. Precaution-based approaches do not replace science-based policy options and should only be used when the available science-based guidelines are not applicable. The application of these approaches should balance the real and expected costs and benefits of taking or not taking action. Given our current scientific knowledge, actions taken to reduce EMF exposure should necessarily be low cost because the expected benefits are uncertain. Society also needs to avoid adopting EMF policies that could incur high costs from distorting resources from other, more important, personal and public health priorities.
Sites of Rhinovirus Recovery After Point Inoculation of the Upper Airway
Authors: Birgit Winther
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Spread of rhinovirus infection in the nose was studied after point inoculation of 25 μL of rhinovirus suspension either under the right inferior turbinate via the test duct (26 volunteers) or onto the posterior nasopharyngeal wall (through the mouth under direct vision) (six volunteers). Epithelial brush samples obtained daily from the anterior and posterior portions of the inferior turbinate in both nasal cavities and the nasopharynx were cultured for rhinovirus. Point inoculation of rhinovirus produced a high infection rate, but the entire nasal lining was not infected at the time of peak symptoms. Virus was usually first detected at the nasopharyngeal site, with subsequent spread of infection anteriorly to one or both inferior turbinates. Spread to the left turbinate was not detected in seven of 17 volunteers during the first five days after right eye inoculation. Virus recovery from the mucosa declined by day 16 and ceased by day 21. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1763-1767)
Treatment of multifocal lymphoma of bone with intensified Promace-Cytabom chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy
Authors: A. P. Rapoport, L. S. Constine, C. H. Packman, R. N. Rosier, R. O'Keefe, D. G. Hicks, S. J. Rubin, J. M. Rowe
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Primary bone involvement is an unusual extranodal presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The optimal treatment for this entity has not been determined. While solitary bone lymphomas can be eradicated with local radiation in 50% of patients, distant relapses occur frequently, and the treatment of patients with multifocal osseous disease, or those presenting with associated soft tissue invasion or adenopathy is even less satisfactory. Over a 4-year period, nine patients with multifocal bone lymphoma were treated with intensified versions of the ProMACE-CytaBOM regimen and involved-field radiation. Seven patients had diffuse large cell histology and two patients had diffuse mixed type. Seven patients survived event-free at a median follow-up of 2.3 years (range .5-3.5). In most survivors, there was little or no change in the abnormal radiographic bone findings despite the clinical response to therapy. In one patient, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) established that bone infarction rather than relapse of lymphoma was the cause of a new lytic bone lesion that developed during treatment.
'THE KAHN TEST FOR SYPHILIS"
Authors: A. V. Greaves
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The recent study of Hopkins and Brunet on "The Kahn Precipitation Test for Syphilis" (The Journal, January 29, p. 311) serves as an admirable peg on which to hang some observations which seem to me to be timely, especially as they sum up fairly completely the work done by a large group of qualified observers on the value of the Kahn test. At the end of their comment on the paper they write, "Most workers consider the Kahn test a dependable procedure, but the majority consider that the Wassermann test should be used in conjunction with it." Similarly, not long ago, an article by Greenbaum entitled "Error of Basing Serum Diagnosis of Syphilis on the Kahn Reaction Alone" appeared inThe Journal(April 24, 1926, p. 1273). In his closing paragraph, the author states: "I hope that the instances listed... will serve to indicate the mistake of
Chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and antiphospholipid antibodies: A report of two cases
Authors: Kelley Trent, Brett R. Neustater, Richard Lottenberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

We report on 2 cases of chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, in which anti-phospholipid antibodies were also found. The first patient was felt to have the anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, while the second patient had anti-phospholipid antibodies without clinical manifestations of the anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. We discuss chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. Furthermore, we introduce the possibility of an association between chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Am. J. Hematol. 54:155–159, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Through historians' eyes
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Future historians of the NHS might look back on the early months of 2012 and wonder why so many health professionals and politicians suddenly started agitating against the NHS Health and Social Care Bill so late in the day (as the bill comes to the end of its passage through parliament). People have been criticising the bill since it was first published ( BMJ 2011;342:d408, doi:10.1136/bmj.d408), but only now are organisations, and the Labour party opposition, calling for the bill to be withdrawn. A news story gives the list of those opposing the bill and also reports on a leaked risk assessment to ministers pointing out that a major risk of the bill is that the NHS could become unaffordable as private …
68 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF NITAZOXANIDE-PEGINTERFERON-RIBAVIRIN, NITAZOXANIDE-PEGINTERFERON AND PEGINTERFERON-RIBAVIRIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 4
Authors: J.F. Rossignol, A. Elfert, Y. El-Gohary, E.B. Keeffe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Age-Based Rationing and Women-Reply
Authors: Nancy S. Jecker
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —According to Dr Diekema, age-based rationing does not affect women disproportionately because it ensures that both sexes have health care benefits for an equal number of years. However, this approach does not address the problem of how to arrive at a predetermined number of years for which health care benefits are available. Nor does it distinguish between equality of treatment and equality of burden.  By the year 2050, for example, it is forecast that women's life expectancy will be 81 years, and men's, 71.8 years.1If we deny people access to publicly financed health care after age 71.8, this would obviously assume the yardstick of a man's life cycle to measure the opportunities to which women are entitled. Diekema might propose splitting the difference and setting the denial of publicly financed care to begin at age 76.4 years.  However, the effect of splitting the difference will not
Massage treatment for back pain
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Throughout history different forms of massage treatment have been used in all medical cultures to alleviate a wide range of symptoms. This article focuses on the most common form, classic muscular (Swedish) massage, as a symptomatic treatment for back pain.1 It will define the therapeutic modality, review the evidence for or against effectiveness and safety, and discuss possible mechanisms of action as well as the problems of conducting research in this area.

Swedish massage is a touch therapy that uses a range of techniques to manipulate the soft tissues of the body: effleurage (slow rhythmic stroking), kneading (circular compression), petrissage (forceful skin rolling), friction (penetrating pressure from the fingertips with circular or transverse movement), tapotement (percussive movements), vibration (trembling movement of both hands).2 In most English speaking countries, massage is seen as an alternative or complementary treatment,3 whereas on the European continent it is considered a conventional treatment, particularly for back pain. In …
Coronary Revascularization and Cardiac Catheterization in the United States: Trends in Racial Differences
Authors: Richard F Gillum, Brenda S Gillum, Charles K Francis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)

We sought to determine whether racial differences in rates of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and cardiac catheterization decreased after 1980.Many reports of racial differences in utilization of CABG have been published since 1982. However, changes in the relative utilization of revascularization over time have received little attention.Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey were examined for the years 1980 through 1993. Estimated numbers of procedures performed in nonfederal U.S. hospitals were used to compute age-adjusted rates per 100,000 population by year and race for patients 35 to 84 years old.In patients 35 to 84 years old, the rate of CABG increased in blacks and whites between 1980 and 1993. Between 1986 and 1993, there was little change in the black/white ratio of age-adjusted rates (0.23 in 1980 through 1985 combined, 0.38 in 1986 and 0.43 in 1993). An apparent increase from 0.23 in 1980 through 1985 combined may have been due to sampling variation. Despite rapid increases in rates of PTCA in both races, no increase in the black/white ratio was noted (0.57 in 1993). However, the rate of inpatient cardiac catheterization increased more rapidly in blacks than in whites. This resulted in an increase in the black/white ratio of age-adjusted rates from 0.42 in 1980 to 0.91 in 1993.Rates of CABG, cardiac catheterization and especially PTCA increased between 1980 and 1993, a period during which racial disparities in the procedures became widely known. Despite apparent increases in the black/white ratio for inpatient cardiac catheterization, large racial disparities in the utilization of CABG and PTCA persist and require further evaluation and possible intervention.