tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2231: Detection of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma correlates with prognosis
Authors: Steffen Goebel, Karen Bluemke, Udo Bilkenroth, Axel Meye, Susanne Fuessel, Christine Lautenschlaeger, Andres Melchior, Hans Heynemann, Paolo Fornara, Helge Taubert
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of the presence of disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood [so called circulating tumor cells (CTCs)] for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Methods. 233 peripheral blood samples from 154 RCC patients were investigated for the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) by autoMACS technique and immunocytochemical (ICC) staining of cytokeratin. The frequency of CTCs was analyzed statistically for correlation with relevant clinical data. Results. Two kinds of tumor cells were detected: those with expression of cytokeratin 8/18 (CK+), but also cells without a detectable CK+ expression, which we called large blue stained (Bl+) cells with a tumor-like morphology. After following the CD45 autoMACS depletion protocol, we identified CTCs in 96 out of 233 peripheral blood samples (41%), which originated from 81 out of 154 (53%) RCC patients. A significant correlation between the detection of CTCs and positive lymph node status (p&amp;lt;0.001; chi2-test) and the presence of synchronous metastases at the time of primary tumor resection (p=0.014; chi2-test) was found. In a multivariate Cox's regression hazard model, presence of CK+ CTCs was significantly correlated with poor overall survival for RCC patients (RR=2.3; P=0.048). Conclusions. The presence of CTCs correlated to lymph node status and presence of synchronous metastases in RCC. It is important to evaluate CK+ and Bl+ tumor cells together to determine the role of CTCs in tumor behavior and disease progression. Detection of CK+ CTCs in peripheral blood is a significant and independent prognostic factor for RCC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2231.
Peritoneal deposits with carbon pigmentation associated with endoscopic submucosal tattooing of a rectal cancer
Authors: N. Tutticci, D. Cameron, J. Croese, E. Roche
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Endoscopic tattooing with India ink is considered to be an effective and safe method of tumor localization at the time of colonoscopy [1] [2] [3].We report on a case where a rectal cancer was tattooed at colonoscopy and pigmented peritoneal cancer deposits were found at surgery.
Fundamentals of Endothelial Function for the Clinical Cardiologist
Authors: Subodh Verma, Todd J. Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Mr Gundry is a 42-year-old construction worker who has had type II diabetes mellitus for the past 6 years.He has no other vascular risk factors and is currently asymptomatic.Is this patient at risk of developing endothelial dysfunction?Case presentation 2: Mr Sinha is a 64-year-old man who presents to your office for symptomatic intermittent claudication.Past medical history is unremarkable except for the presence of multiple vascular risk factors (smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity).How do vascular risk factors cause endothelial dysfunction?Is endothelial dysfunction treatable?A survey of medical history will reveal that major breakthroughs are often a result of simple and at times unexpected observations.Indeed, the era of endothelial biology was brought to the forefront through a simple pharmacological experiment conducted approximately 2 decades ago in Dr Furchgott's laboratory. 1 In this landmark study, the authors described the essential role of the endothelium in mediating the vasodilatory actions of acetylcholine, now known to be dependent on the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium.No one could have predicted that this observation would have the gargantuan impact on vascular biology that is evident today.Endothelial dysfunction now is implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical course of the majority of cardiovascular diseases.The purpose of this "Clinical Cardiology: Physician Update" is to provide the busy cardiovascular specialist with some of the fundamental principles of endothelial function as they relate to cardiovascular health and disease.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCARLATINAL THROAT INFECTIONS SINE EXANTHEMATE
Authors: FRANKLIN A. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

During an epidemic of scarlet fever among the nursing staff of the Presbyterian Hospital in 1924 and 1925, there occurred several cases of pharyngitis from which Streptococcus scarlatinae was isolated. 1 These scarlatinal infections of the throat, not accompanied by a rash, were similar clinically to concurrent throat infections caused by non-toxin-producing strains of Streptococcus pyogenes , and occurred among persons who had shown negative skin reactions with scarlatinal toxin previous to their illness. Such persons were presumably immune to scarlatinal infection. In another series of cases studied, prophylactic doses of scarlatinal antitoxin administered to contacts with scarlet fever had not only prevented scarlet fever but had prevented these scarlatinal throat infections sine exanthemate. From our observations it appeared that the immunity against Streptococcus scarlatinae was essentially antitoxic, and that antitoxin would prevent throat infection. Antitoxin in large amounts prevented both throat infection and the rash. Just sufficient antitoxin might be
Antigen presenting cells expressing Fas ligand down-modulate chronic inflammatory disease in Fas ligand–deficient mice
Authors: Huang-Ge Zhang, Martin Fleck, Earl R. Kern, Di Liu, Yongming Wang, Hui-Chen Hsu, Pingar Yang, Zheng Wang, David T. Curiel, Tong Zhou, John D. Mountz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

We assessed the effect of modified antigen presenting cells (APCs) expressing high levels of Fas ligand (APC-FasL) on post-viral chronic inflammatory disease. FasL-deficient B6-gld/gld mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) cleared the virus from their lungs, kidneys, and livers within 2 weeks of infection. However, inflammation persisted in these organs for more than 8 weeks, with a chronically increased T-cell response to MCMV-infected APCs and production of autoantibodies. Administration of APC-AdFasL at 4 weeks suppressed this inflammation and diminished the T-cell response and autoantibody production. APC-AdFasL that had been transfected with ultraviolet-irradiated MCMV were more effective than uninfected APC-AdFasL in ameliorating the chronic inflammation. APC-AdFasL migrated preferentially to the spleen, where they triggered apoptosis of lymphocytes in the marginal zone of the spleen. These results confirm that Fas-mediated apoptosis is not required for clearance of virus, but is required for down-modulation of the virally induced chronic inflammatory response. This organwide effect of APC-AdFasL appears to be mediated by elimination of activated T lymphocytes in the spleen before their emigration to the target organs.
Hemodynamic Effects of Volume Loading in Dogs Following Cardiac Homotransplantation
Authors: RONALD J. NELSON, JOHN T. CASTAGNA, ARNOLD L. NEDELMAN, IRA M. FELDMAN, RICHARD J. CLEVELAND
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The response to an acute volume load of 25 cc/kg of homologous whole blood was evaluated in ten control dogs and five dogs with orthotopic cardiac transplants at the time of combined hemodynamic-cineangiographic study 7 to 12 days after thoracotomy or transplantation. Both groups elevated their mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressures to similar levels. Cardiac output, mean systemic aortic pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke work did not differentiate the two groups. The following abnormalities in diastolic filling of the transplants were noted: (1) the maximum rate of change of left ventricular area during early rapid diastolic filling was lower ( P = 0.01); (2) the baseline left ventricular end-diastolic area was smaller ( P = 0.15), although the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was elevated and the heart rate lower; and (3) the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic area was less with volume loading. Decreased distensibility of the left ventricle and a lower baseline heart rate with absence of effective atrial contractions are possible explanations for this difference. Multiple factors may account for the decrease in distensibility.
The multistage vaccine H56 boosts the effects of BCG to protect cynomolgus macaques against active tuberculosis and reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Philana Ling Lin, Jes Dietrich, Esterlina Tan, Rodolfo M. Abalos, Jasmin Burgos, Carolyn Bigbee, Matthew Bigbee, Leslie Milk, Hannah P. Gideon, Mark Rodgers, Catherine Cochran, Kristi M. Guinn, David R. Sherman, Edwin Klein, Christopher Janssen, JoAnne L. Flynn, Peter Andersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

It is estimated that one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection typically remains latent, but it can reactivate to cause clinical disease. The only vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is largely ineffective, and ways to enhance its efficacy are being developed. Of note, the candidate booster vaccines currently under clinical development have been designed to improve BCG efficacy but not prevent reactivation of latent infection. Here, we demonstrate that administering a multistage vaccine that we term H56 in the adjuvant IC31 as a boost to vaccination with BCG delays and reduces clinical disease in cynomolgus macaques challenged with M. tuberculosis and prevents reactivation of latent infection. H56 contains Ag85B and ESAT-6, which are two of the M. tuberculosis antigens secreted in the acute phase of infection, and the nutrient stress-induced antigen Rv2660c. Boosting with H56/IC31 resulted in efficient containment of M. tuberculosis infection and reduced rates of clinical disease, as measured by clinical parameters, inflammatory markers, and improved survival of the animals compared with BCG alone. Boosted animals showed reduced pulmonary pathology and extrapulmonary dissemination, and protection correlated with a strong recall response against ESAT-6 and Rv2660c. Importantly, BCG/H56-vaccinated monkeys did not reactivate latent infection after treatment with anti-TNF antibody. Our results indicate that H56/IC31 boosting is able to control late-stage infection with M. tuberculosis and contain latent tuberculosis, providing a rationale for the clinical development of H56.
ALDH1 expression in human breast carcinoma.
Authors: R Bhargava, S Beriwal, K McManus, DJ Dabbs
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5057 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is an enzyme responsible for oxidation of intracellular aldehydes. It has recently been shown to be a marker of "stem cells". It is hypothesized that breast cancer response to chemotherapy and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) may be related to the presence and/or amount of self-renewing "stem cells".&amp;#x2028; Since breast cancer molecular classes have distinct prognosis and show variability in response to chemotherapy, ALDH1 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression was analyzed in 189 invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs) to study its correlation to breast cancer molecular classes. The IBCs were classified using immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogate (to molecular classes) markers-estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2. ER and PR were scored using a semi-quantitative scoring method modified from previously described “H-score” method with a dynamic range of 0-300. HER2 was considered positive only if 3+ by IHC or amplified (HER2 to chromosome 17 ratio of &amp;gt;2.2) by FISH. The tumors were divided in 6 groups as follows: luminal A (LUMA; ER score 200 or higher, HER2 negative); ERBB2 (ER and PR score 10 or less, HER2+); triple negative (TN; ER and PR score 10 or less, HER2 negative); luminal A-HER2 hybrid (LAHH; ER score 200 or higher, HER2+); luminal unclassified HER2 negative (LUHN; ER or PR score 11-199, HER2 negative); luminal unclassified HER2 positive (LUHP; ER or PR score 11-199, HER2+). THE IBCs were represented with 3-fold redundancy on tissue microarrays (TMAs). The TMAs were stained with ALDH1 antibody (clone 44, dilution 1:150; BD Biosciences). Any staining for ALDH1 was considered as positive and results were analyzed based on %age of positive cells and semiquantitative IHC score with a dynamic range from 0-300 (as described above).&amp;#x2028; ALDH1 was differentially expressed in various molecular classes (p=0.0007).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Our results suggest that strong receptor positive tumors (LUMA) have the most committed or differentiated cells, while receptor negative or low receptor positive tumors (TN, LUHN) have higher number of progenitor or "stem cells". These differences likely account for tumor chemotherapeutic response and BCSS between ER+ and ER negative tumors. HER2+ tumors have intermediate range of "stem cells" and likely have mechanisms other than presence of "stem cells" that explains aggressive tumor growth and response to chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5057.
Stability of Ascending Aortic Dilatation Following Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Bruce W. Andrus, Daniel J. O’Rourke, Lawrence J. Dacey, Robert T. Palac
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Replacement of the ascending aorta (Asc Ao) at the time of aortic valve replacement (AVR) is controversial because the risk of progressive dilatation following valve replacement is uncertain. Our aim was to determine the natural history of ascending aortic dilatation following AVR.We studied 185 patients undergoing AVR at our institution between 1992 and 1999. Clinical and echocardiographic data were obtained by merging our institutional echocardiographic database with the DHMC component of the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group database. Baseline Asc Ao measurements obtained from intraoperative transesophageal echocardiograms or early (<8 weeks) postoperative transthoracic echocardiograms were compared with late follow-up measurements (mean follow-up 30.0+/-23.4 months). During follow-up, there was no increase in the mean Asc Ao diameter (3.6+/-0.6 cm versus 3.6+/-0.6 cm, p=NS). Progressive aortic dilatation, defined as an increase in diameter >0.3 cm, occurred in 27/185 patients (15%). Baseline Asc Ao dilatation (>or=3.5 cm) was present in 107/185 patients (58%). In this subset of patients, there was no increase in mean Asc Ao diameter (4.0+/-0.4 versus 3.9+/-0.6 cm, p=NS) and progressive aortic dilatation occurred in only 10 patients (9.3%). No patients with baseline aortic dilatation (range, 3.5 to 5.3 cm) dilated beyond 5.5 cm on follow-up (range, 2.4 to 5.5 cm). There were no clinical or valvular characteristics that predicted progressive Asc Ao dilatation.An increase in Asc Ao dilatation occurs infrequently following AVR and therefore, argues against routine Asc Ao replacement at the time of AVR.
Comment on a systematic review of randomized trials of peginterferon alpha‐2a versus peginterferon alpha‐2b in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Ashwani K. Singal, Sarat C. Jampana, Bhupinderjit S. Anand
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We read with interest the letter by Kershenobich et al. in Hepatology regarding the meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alpha-2a and alpha-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) by Awad et al.1, 2 We agree regarding the importance of a uniform study population in treatment-naïve patients with CHC. This is especially true for the study by Laguno et al., which included patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).3 We performed a meta-analysis of four available studies comparing PEG-IFN alpha-2a and peginterferon alpha-2b in the treatment of patients with CHC who have concomitant HIV coinfection: one randomized,3 one prospective–retrospective,4 and two prospective studies5, 6 with one of them reported as an abstract.6 A total of 1009 patients (581 treated with PEG-IFN alpha-2a; sample size, 63-557; mean age, 41 years; 69%-75% males) were treated in the four studies.3-6 Pooled analysis of the data showed that the odds of achieving rapid virologic response (RVR), early virologic response (EVR), and sustained virologic response (SVR) were similar with PEG-IFN alpha-2a and PEG-IFN alpha-2b (Table 1). Similarly, the odds of treatment discontinuation due to serious adverse effects were similar with PEG-IFN alpha-2a and PEG-IFN alpha-2b (Table 1). The data were homogeneous for all the analyses. There was no evidence to indicate any publication bias. After excluding the study reported as an abstract, the results with the two PEG-IFN compounds were still similar. The SVR rates were 36% and 35% with PEG-IFN alpha-2a and PEG-IFN alpha-2b, respectively. Subgroup analyses of the SVR based on the genotype status (genotype 1 or 4 and genotype 2 or 3) and viral load showed similar efficacy and safety data for the two types of PEG-IFN. The data were homogeneous without any suggestion of publication bias in all the analyses. In summary, PEG-IFN alpha-2a and PEG-IFN alpha-2b have similar efficacy and safety in the treatment of HCV in HIV-coinfected patients, based on the literature currently available. We agree with Kershenobich et al. that further randomized studies are needed to compare efficacy and safety of the two types of PEG-IFN in the treatment of HCV infection, especially in those individuals coinfected with HIV. Ashwani K. Singal M.D.*, Sarat C. Jampana M.D. , Bhupinderjit S. Anand M.D., Ph.D. , * Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Preoperative Medical Testing in Medicare Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Catherine L. Chen, Grace A. Lin, Naomi S. Bardach, Theodore H. Clay, W. John Boscardin, Adrian W. Gelb, Mervyn Maze, Michael A. Gropper, R. Adams Dudley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Routine preoperative testing is not recommended for patients undergoing cataract surgery, because testing neither decreases adverse events nor improves outcomes. We sought to assess adherence to this guideline, estimate expenditures from potentially unnecessary testing, and identify patient and health care system characteristics associated with potentially unnecessary testing.
Fish tank granuloma in a 4-year-old boy
Authors: T.O. Bleiker, J.E. Bourke, D.A. Burns
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Fish tank granuloma in a 4‐year‐old boy Get access T.O. Bleiker, T.O. Bleiker Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.E. Bourke, J.E. Bourke Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.A. Burns D.A. Burns Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 5, 1 November 1996, Pages 863–864, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03914.x Published: 01 November 1996
A giant ovarian cyst in a Javanese woman.
Authors: A A Haspels, P J Zuidema
Journal: BMJ (1982)

studies.They do not accept the claim that the nine-month regimen has been "proved effective" when obviously 18 months of treat- tnent is far superior.One should not be surprised when clinicians do not embrace flawed studies with open arms and "remain unconvinced of the efficacy of short-course.chemotherapy."
Abstract 2289: Potential role for Src kinase inhibitors in PKCα-overexpressing breast cancer
Authors: Mary E. Molloy, Debra A. Tonetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Src kinase in estrogen induced growth inhibition in the T47D/PKCα breast cancer cell line. Our lab has previously shown that constitutive overexpression of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) imparts a tamoxifen-resistant, hormone-independent phenotype in the T47D:A18 breast cancer cell line (Chisamore, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7(10):3156-65). Furthermore 17β-estradiol (E2) inhibits tumor growth in vivo as well as inhibits colony formation when cells are grown in 3D Matrigel (Zhang, et al. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7(4):498-510). Here we show that the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 (5 μM) significantly inhibited T47D/PKCα colony formation in 3D Matrigel, but was unable to inhibit proliferation in vitro. The combination of PP2 and E2 treatment in 3D Matrigel did not further decrease colony number when compared to either alone. This suggests that these compounds may be acting on the same pathway and that E2 may be inhibiting Src kinase activity. To examine the effect of E2 on Src in T47D/PKCα xenograft tumors we probed the phosphorylation state of Src on Tyr416, known to be necessary for its full kinase activity. Src is basally phosphorylated on Tyr416 in T47D/PKCα cells. Interestingly, E2 treatment in vivo resulted in a decrease in phospho-Src. Erk 1/2, a downstream target of Src, is basally phosphorylated in T47D/PKCα cells. E2 treatment also resulted in a decrease in phospho-Erk1/2, in accordance with decreased Src phosphorylation. A reduction in phosphorylated Src and Erk1/2 was not seen in vitro indicating that the extracellular matrix is necessary for E2 to elicit an inhibitory effect on these proteins. In this study, we report that E2 treatment in vivo inhibited Src phosphorylation in tamoxifen resisitant T47D/PKCα tumors. Additionally pharmacological inhibition of Src inhibited T47D/PKCα colony formation in 3D Matrigel. Taken together, our results suggest that a Src inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with PKCα-overexpressing breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2289
Physicians and Outpatient Diagnostic Imaging: Overexposed?
Authors: David A. Cooley
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Hillman et al<sup>1</sup>fails to address quality of care or outcome following treatment of any condition studied. Only the imaging cost was addressed. Rheumatologists in private practice regularly correct nonmusculoskeletal radiologists in their misinterpretation of bone and joint roentgenograms. Patients' roentgenograms with clearly abnormal sacroiliac joints are frequently misread, leading to unnecessary surgery, delay in diagnosis, and further inappropriate and costly care. Sequential follow-up comparisons of joint damage are rarely noted as a portion of radiologists' interpretations. Last, charges for roentgenograms become moot as Medicare, preferred provider organizations, and health maintenance organizations limit reimbursement, regardless of charge. If we are to limit the nonradiologist physician from performing roentgenograms in his or her own office, should we also limit radiologists from performing follow-up computed tomographic scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MR I) when an abnormality is found in a routine roentgenogram and force