tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE ON NEURO-MUSCULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 1
Authors: Clara. Torda, Harold G. Wolff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

Summary1. Five patients moderately to severely ill with myasthenia gravis received 400 mg adrenocorticotrophic hormone given in amounts of 20 mg every 6 hours.2. Changes that may indicate the beginnings of an incomplete remission occurred after completion of the injections. These changes consisted of decrease of the symptoms and outward manifestations of muscle dysfunction, disappearance of the abnormalities noted in the electromyogram, increased work performance on the ergograph, and increase to normal of the ability of serum to support acetylcholine synthesis. The incomplete remission is long lasting.
Food-Containing Hypocaloric Diets Are As Effective As Liquid-Supplement Diets for Obese Individuals With NIDDM
Authors: James W Anderson, Valerie Brinkman-Kaplan, Carlene C Hamilton, Jo Ellen B Logan, Robert W Collins, Nancy J Gustafson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine if food-containing hypocaloric diets are as effective as liquid-supplement diets in promoting weight loss for obese individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty NIDDM subjects with body mass indexes (BMIs) of 30–40 kg/m2 were randomized to one of two 800-kcal diets for 12 weeks. Group A received liquid supplement only, and group B received supplement plus an evening meal. Both groups received an intensive behavioral education program. RESULTS Weight loss and improvements in glycemic, blood lipid, and blood pressure parameters were similar for the two groups. Weight loss averaged 15.7 kg for the entire group. The need for insulin, anti-diabetes, and anti-hypertensive medication decreased significantly. No serious side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Both food-containing and supplement diets providing 800 kcal a day effectively promote weight loss for obese individuals with NIDDM.
1161-176 Carvedilol reduces serum concentration of DNA-damage biomarker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in human hypertension
Authors: Juyong Lee, Mejeong Lee, Jung-Wook Kim, Jin-Geun Jang, Yoon-Suck Choi, Sang-Sig Cheong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Positron Emission Tomography for Predicting Malignancy of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Hideo Shojaku, Michiro Fujisaka, Satsuki Yasumura, Masayuki Ishida, Masahito Tsubota, Hiroshi Nishida, Yukio Watanabe, Masaya Kawano, Masashi Shimizu, Jyunya Fukuoka
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Background: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is an uncommon nasal tumor. It is known for being locally invasive and recurrent, with a high probability of malignant transformation. Accurate initial staging and close surveillance are critical in the management of the disease. Methods and Results: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) was performed in 5 patients with IP. High FDG uptake (maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) value >3.0) was observed in all patients, and 2 patients with IP associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) exhibited higher SUVmax values. Conclusion: The SUVmax value of a sinonasal tumor can warn the surgeon of the probability of an associated malignancy, even when preoperative biopsy demonstrates a purely benign papilloma.
Public support wanes for striking doctors in South Africa
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Doctors in South Africa who have been striking since the end of May have again rejected the government’s latest offer, intended to redress a range of issues, including poor pay and conditions and inadequate facilities.

The strike—which the government says is illegal, as doctors are regarded as “emergency workers”—has closed public hospitals in several provinces in South Africa with the poorest and sickest patients. These include KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, which have higher than average rates of HIV infection, tuberculosis, and other diseases. Interrupting treatment for HIV and tuberculosis can cause resistance to treatment, leading to new problems. …
Two Hong Kong politicians resign in wake of SARS report
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A report from Hong Kong's legislators criticising the government's handling of last year's outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has led to two resignations.

Hong Kong's secretary for health, welfare, and food, Dr Yeoh Eng-kiong, and the chairman of the Hospital Authority, Dr Leong Che-hung, have resigned in the wake of a report from a select committee of Hong Kong's legislative council. Last year's SARS outbreak in Hong Kong infected 1755 people and killed 299.

The report strongly criticised Dr Yeoh for not being sufficiently alert when an outbreak of atypical pneumonia occurred in Guangdong province, China, in early 2003, and for poor communication with the public at the start of the outbreak. He was also censured for failing to adequately supervise the head of the Department of Health, Dr Margaret Chan, and for failing to properly monitor the Hospital Authority.

Dr Leong was blamed for the authority's failure to put in place adequate contingency plans to deal with a large outbreak of an infectious …
Quality of life in asthma. I. Internal consistency and validity of the SF-36 questionnaire.
Authors: J Bousquet, J Knani, H Dhivert, A Richard, A Chicoye, J E Ware, F B Michel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Asthma is a chronic disease in which social life is altered. The importance of restrictions on social life may be greater in severe asthma or when symptoms are not adequately controlled. General scales of quality-of-life (QOL) may be used to detect the importance of social life impairment, but it is not yet known whether the scores of such QOL measures are reliable and valid in asthmatic patients. A study was carried out in 252 patients with asthma of variable severity (FEV1 ranging from 25 to 131% of predicted) to assess the validity of a general QOL scale, the first French version of the SF-36 health status questionnaire (SF-36). This is based on 36 items selected to represent nine health concepts (physical, social, and role functioning; mental health; health perceptions; energy or fatigue; pain; and general health). All nine SF-36 category scores were highly significantly correlated with the severity of asthma assessed by the clinical score of Aas (p < 0.0007 to p < 0.0001). Eight SF-36 category scores were highly significantly correlated with FEV1 (p < 0.003 to p < 0.0001). A high internal reliability of SF-36 was found using the alpha coefficient of Cronbach (0.91 for the whole questionnaire). The SF-36 questionnaire is valid and reliable in asthma and can therefore be used to examine QOL in asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients and to determine to what extent asthma impairs social life.
Smoke and Mirrors: The Canadian Tobacco War
Authors: Robert N. Proctor
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Smoking is, as the old saying goes, a major cause of statistics. That is probably one reason Rob Cunningham begins his book on a more personal note, tracing the struggles of individual smokers: Julie Laperle, a 16-year-old Quebec girl who began smoking at the age of 12 and now smokes two to three packs a week and cannot quit; George Knudson, Canada's most famous golfer, who won eight Professional Golfers' Association events in the 1960s and 1970s before succumbing to lung cancer at the age of 51; Roger Perron, a Vancouver man who smoked since he was 13 and lost both legs to thromboangiitis obliterans—also known as "smoker's leg"—before deciding it was time to sue the makers of the brand he had smoked, RJR-Macdonald. A lawyer by trade, Cunningham moves from these personal accounts to the larger history of the Canadian tobacco trade and its critics. We hear how antitobacco
Diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis-Reply
Authors: Suzanne B. Cassidy
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Steffen has raised several important points in his letter. We concur that the term adenoma sebaceum reflects more historical interest than histological accuracy. Angiofibroma is the more appropriate term. While Dr Steffen indicates that we "claim that the [sic] adenoma sebaceum and periungual fibromas (ie, angiofibromas) are diagnostic of the tuberous sclerosis complex," we actually made no such specific statement ourselves but referred to the diagnostic criteria for tuberous sclerosis established and published by Gomez,1 which are the accepted standards. While these diagnostic criteria of Gomez may be viewed as arbitrary and subject to further studies for better definition, none of our probands had equivocal findings. All had involvement of at least two major organ systems; therefore, none had only angiofibromas or periungual fibromas. Similarly, all but one of the four previously unsuspected heterozygous parents had involvement of two or more organ systems. The only
Genesis of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: PAUL F. CRANEFIELD, ANDREW L. WIT, BRIAN F. HOFFMAN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A N ARRHYTHMIA is caused by an abnormality in the rate, regularity, or site of origin of the cardiac impulse or by certain disturbances in the conduction of the impulse such that the normal sequence of activation of the atria and ventricles is disturbed.Arrhythmias thus may be said to result from abnormalities of impulse initiation, impulse conduction, or both. Activity of Automatic CellsThe normal rhythm of the mammalian heart results from spontaneous excitation of cells in the sinoatrial node.These cells possess the property of automaticity.'The transmembrane potential of working muscle fibers in the atria or ventricles demonstrates a rapid depolarization on excitation (phase 0), a period of variable duration during which the cell repolarizes (phases 1, 2, and 3), and then a stable resting potential (phase 4), which persists until the next propagated impulse arrives and causes excitation.In contrast, in cells of the sinoatrial node, repolarization is not followed by a period during which the transmembrane potential is stable.Instead, immediately after the end of repolarization the membrane potential begins to decrease slowly.This slow depolarization during phase 4 lowers the transmembrane potential toward the threshold potential, the value of transmembrane potential at which excitation occurs.If the slow depolarization attains the threshold potential, exci- tation occurs and the cell develops an action potential which then propagates to excite adjacent cells and, normally, the rest of the heart.2All cells which demonstrate this slow diastolic depolarization are said to be automatic.This mechanism for spontaneous firing has been called the normal automatic mechanism to differentiate it from other
MDs or PhDs in medical research?
Authors: A. Caro
Journal: BMJ (1980)

link with their hospital to obtain experience which consultants will accept as qualifying them for appointments in the hospital practitioner grade.Greater use could be made of "clinical attachments," which can be funded under Section 63 money but which are not perhaps fully exploited at present.Greater acceptability could, however, be obtained if general practitioners could be taken on as trainee or probationer hospital practitioners.Consultants would be much more willing to utilise this type of assistance if during the first two years the sessions were to be regarded as for training as well as for patient care, and if complete security of tenure were granted only after satisfactory completion of the training period.
Promoting Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Charles M. Clark, Judith E. Fradkin, Roland G. Hiss, Rodney A. Lorenz, Frank Vinicor, Elizabeth Warren-Boulton
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Let's Provide Primary Care to All Uninsured Americans—Now!
Authors: Gordon T. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Gridlock in the political process makes comprehensive health insurance for the uninsured an unlikely prospect in the near future. While the debate continues, we should provide basic primary care services to all uninsured Americans. Primary care is the most economical safety net we can offer our citizens. By prepaying participating physicians, we could provide this needed care at a cost the nation could afford and with excellent prospects for controlling expenditures over time.
What transposable elements are differentially translated in lung cancer?
Authors: Wan R Yang, Eric W Mills, Nemanja Rodic, Nicholas T Ingolia, Jef D Boeke, Hyam I Levitsky, Kathleen H Burns
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Transposable element (TE) expression is generally silent in somatic tissues, due to significant genomic methylation and other redundant methods of silencing. Cancer tissues, however, exhibit a marked decrease in methylation throughout the genome, which can result in de-repression
Septic Arthritis Complicating Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: IRVING KARTEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Septic arthritis occurred in five patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis who were confined to a wheelchair or who could perform few of the activities of selfcare. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, and a mixed infection of Proteus and Escherichia coli were isolated from the hip, wrist, or knee joints. General debility, decubitus ulcers, steroid treatment, and joint manipulation were probable etiologic factors. The diagnosis of complicating sepsis was most frequently suspected because of the presence of disproportionate pain and swelling in a single joint. Two patients died, and three recovered.
Are there risk factors for snowboard injuries? A case-control multicentre study of 559 snowboarders
Authors: Rebecca M Hasler, Simeon Berov, Lorin Benneker, Simon Dubler, Jonathan Spycher, Dominik Heim, Heinz Zimmermann, Aristomenis K Exadaktylos
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Objective To analyse risk factors leading to injuries during snowboarding. Design A case–control multicentre survey of injured and non-injured snowboarders. Setting One tertiary and two secondary trauma centres in Bern, Switzerland. Methods All snowboard injuries admitted to our tertiary and two affiliated secondary trauma centres from 1 November 2007 to 15 April 2008 were analysed on the basis of a completed questionnaire incorporating 15 variables. The same questionnaire was applied in non-injured controls at valley stations after a snowboarding day during the same period. A multiple logistic regression was performed (dichotomous variables). Patterns of combined risk factors were calculated by inference trees. Results 306 patients and 253 controls were interviewed. The following variables were statistically significant for the injured patients: low readiness for speed (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.64, p=0.0037), bad weather/visibility (OR 19.06, 95% CI 2.70 to 134.73, p=0.0031) and old snow (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.68, p=0.0323). Not wearing a helmet and riding on icy slopes emerged as a combination of risk factors associated with injury. Conclusions Several risk factors and combinations exist, and different risk profiles were identified. Future research should be aimed at more precise identification of groups at risk and developing specific recommendations for each group—for example, a snow-weather conditions index at valley stations.
An Evaluation of Preoperative and Postoperative Ventilation and Perfusion Lung Scintigraphy in the Screening for Pulmonary Embolism After Elective Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: ANDREW M. KEENAN, HAROLD I. PALEVSKY, MARVIN E. STEINBERG, KAREN M. HARTMAN, ABASS ALAVI, PAUL A. LOTKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

One hundred two patients undergoing elective knee or hip arthroplasty were studied with radionuclide ventilation scans (V) and perfusion scans (Q) preoperatively (preop) and postoperatively (postop) to assess their relative value in the diagnosis of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) after orthopedic surgery. Postop Q were read in combination with preop V and Q and postop V using prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED) criteria. Of 25 postop Q interpreted as either high or intermediate probability for PE, preop Q were judged useful in 96%; the postop V were useful in 78%; and the preop V were not helpful in any of the cases. Of 63 postop Q interpreted as low probability, preop Q were useful in 74%; the postop V were useful in only 33%; and the preop V were useful in only one case. When postop Q were read as normal (14 cases), none of the three auxiliary studies were found to be useful. Overall, postop V were more helpful than preop Q in only 2%, and preop V contributed significantly in only 1%. This experience suggests that preop Q alone is the most useful adjunct to the postop Q in the postoperative evaluation for PE. The authors conclude that to screen for asymptomatic PE after elective orthopedic surgery, preop Q should be performed in all cases, preop V are not necessary, and postop V need be performed only if a baseline preop Q is not available.
Ovary removal is linked to lower breast cancer mortality in BRCA1 carriers
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Removal of the ovaries is associated with a 62% reduction in breast cancer deaths among women with diagnosed breast cancer who carry the BRCA1 mutation, a retrospective analysis published in JAMA Oncology has found.1

Women who carry a mutation in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have a lifetime risk of breast cancer of up to 70%, and once they have a diagnosis of breast cancer they face high risks of second primary breast and ovarian cancers. Preventive oophorectomy is recommended to women aged over 35 with a BRCA mutation to prevent breast and ovarian cancer, …
Enprostil and ranitidine in duodenal ulcer healing: double blind comparative trial.
Authors: K Lauritsen, L S Laursen, T Havelund, P Bytzer, L B Svendsen, J Rask-Madsen
Journal: BMJ (1986)

One hundred and eighty patients with endoscopically proved duodenal ulcers were allocated at random to double blind treatment with the synthetic dehydroprostaglandin E2 enprostil 35 micrograms twice daily or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily for up to six weeks. Patients completed the study if ulcer healing and pain relief had occurred at two or four weeks. A total of 163 patients completed the trial. The duration of treatment was longer in the enprostil group (p less than 0.005) and the cumulative healing rates at two, four, and six weeks were 51%, 74%, and 85%, respectively. In the ranitidine group the corresponding figures were 65% (p less than 0.04), 89% (p less than 0.02), and 99% (p less than 0.002). More patients treated with ranitidine reported relief of pain (p less than 0.004 at weeks 5 and 6). The observed superiority of ranitidine 150 mg twice daily over enprostil 35 micrograms twice daily questions the clinical relevance of using so called "cytoprotection" as treatment for duodenal ulcer disease in the short term.
Esophageal Cancer Prevention in Zinc-Deficient Rats: Rapid Induction of Apoptosis by Replenishing Zinc
Authors: L. Y. Y. Fong, V. T. Nguyen, J. L. Farber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Nutritional zinc deficiency in rats increases esophageal cell proliferation and the incidence of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced esophageal tumors. Replenishing zinc with a zinc-sufficient diet reduces these effects in zinc-deficient (ZD) rats. We investigated whether apoptosis was involved in the reduction of NMBA-induced esophageal tumors when ZD rats consumed a zinc-sufficient diet. Methods: Weanling rats were fed a ZD diet (zinc at 3–4 ppm) for 5 weeks to establish esophageal cell proliferation, then treated once with NMBA (2 mg/kg body weight), and divided into the following five groups (47–100 per group). One ZD group was fed the ZD diet, and four zinc-replenished (ZR) groups, ZR1, ZR24, ZR72, and ZR432, were fed a zinc-sufficient diet (zinc at 74–75 ppm) beginning 1, 24, 72, and 432 hours, respectively, after NMBA treatment. From 24 hours to 2 weeks after beginning a zinc-sufficient diet, esophagi from all ZR groups were analyzed for apoptosis and cell proliferation; ZD esophagi were the controls. Tumor incidence was determined 15 weeks after zinc replenishment. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Zinc replenishment initiated shortly after NMBA treatment effectively reduced esophageal tumorigenesis; 8% (three of 37) of ZR1, 14% (five of 37) of ZR24, 19% (five of 26) of ZR72, and 48% (19 of 40) of ZR432 rats developed esophageal tumors compared with 93% (14 of 15) of ZD animals (all P<.001). Importantly, 24 and 30 hours after zinc replenishment, esophagi had numerous apoptotic cells (% apoptotic cells: 0 hour = 2.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5% to 3.3%; 24 hours = 9.4%, 95% CI = 8.2% to 10.6%), and the expression of the proapoptotic Bax protein doubled. Within 48 hours, the ZR1 epithelium was three to five cell layers thick compared with 10–20 layers before zinc replenishment. Conclusions: Zinc replenishment of NMBA-treated ZD rats rapidly induces apoptosis in esophageal epithelial cells and thereby substantially reduces the development of esophageal cancer.
A Simple Method of Preventing the Clouding of Mirrors.
Authors: Gilbert E. Seaman
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Milwaukee, Wis., 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The<i>Medical Press and Circular</i>recently called attention to an ingenious, effective, and at the same time very simple device for preventing the clouding of mirrors used in the work of laryngologists and dentists. The method was introduced by George Wallis, L. D. S., dental surgeon to the London Throat and Ear Hospital at a recent meeting of the staff. It consists merely of smearing a thin layer of ordinary soap, soft but not moist, over the surface of the mirror, and afterward polishing the latter with a dry cloth. The effect of this procedure is that however much the mirror may be breathed upon, its reflecting surface remains perfectly clear and bright. When one takes into consideration the extreme simplicity of the procedure and the bothersome difficulties sometimes encountered in preventing the clouding of mirrors used in laryngology and dentistry, the value of