tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diet and Hypertension
Authors: Graham W. Ward
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Dialogue Summaries1 May 1983Diet and HypertensionGraham W. Ward, M.D.Graham W. Ward, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-882_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCurrent knowledge regarding what people should or should not do regarding diet and hypertension was discussed. Actions are relatively clear for persons with hypertension. Obvious measures are weight control for obese patients, increased potassium intake for those on diuretic therapy, and decreased sodium intake for most patients. For persons with mild hypertension these measures may avert the need for drug therapy.Preventive measures for the general population with normal blood pressures were seen as less certain. Avoidance of weight gain and excessive sodium intake may be of value for persons having a family history of hypertension, but no definitive studies... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Graham W. Ward, M.D.Affiliations: Tufts University School of Medicine PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1983Volume 98, Issue 5_Part_2Page: 882-882KeywordsBlood pressureDietDiureticsDrug therapyHypertensionOverweightPotassiumSodiumWeight gain ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Role of Hepatic γ–Glutamyltransferase in the Degradation of Circulating Glutathione: Studies in the Intact Guinea Pig Perfused Liver
Authors: Hernan Speisky, Nick Shackel, George Varghese, Denis Wade, Yedy Israel
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The role of hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase in the breakdown of circulating glutathione was studied in the perfused guinea pig liver. Hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in the guinea pig is sevenfold higher than in the rat and is comparable to its activity in man. Guinea pig livers were found to remove, in a single pass, 50% to 90% of glutathione (10 to 50 mumol/L) added to the portal perfusate. Removal of portal glutathione was totally dependent on the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase and led to the near quantitative appearance of cysteinyl-glycine and cysteine in the caval perfusate. Glutathione removal by the intact liver followed saturation with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 59 mumol/L for glutathione and a maximum velocity of 235 nmol glutathione/min/gm of liver weight. The capacity of the guinea pig liver to remove circulating glutathione was estimated to be sevenfold to 10-fold higher than its net rate of output of glutathione into the circulation. Inhibition of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in the perfused liver led to threefold to sixfold increases in the hepatic output of glutathione into the circulation, indicating that more than two thirds of glutathione transported extracellularly is broken down. Data obtained demonstrate a major role of hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase, both in the removal of portally carried glutathione and in the degradation of glutathione molecules released by the liver itself into the sinusoids. These findings suggest the existence of an intraorgan transport of glutathione in the liver, whereby periportal cells could provide glutathione precursors to pericentral cells.
The Costs of HIV Infections-Reply
Authors: Peter S. Arno
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the thoughtful responses of Drs Cheung and Sacks and Dr Harris and Mr Rattner to our article on the economic and policy implications of early intervention in HIV disease. The study was conceived and researched in the year prior to the release of data from national clinical trials, which now indicate that low-dose zidovudine therapy can be effective in slowing progression from asyptomatic HIV disease to AIDS. This breakthrough significantly enhances the importance and feasibility of providing successful early intervention services. We estimate in our article the economic magnitude of providing care to 25%, 50%, and 100% of the HIV-infected populations in New York, NY, San Francisco, Calif, and the United States. Our cost figures reflect the best available epidemiologic and treatment data, and our midrange estimates fall between those suggested by Drs Cheung and Sacks and Dr Harris and Mr Rattner. This costing model
Textbook of Endocrinology
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<i>Clinical Endocrinology: Theory and Practice</i>, by Alexis Labhart (A. Trachsler and J. Dodsworth-Phillips, trans), 1,092 pp, 400 illus, $48, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1974. These are new editions of massive textbooks of endocrinology, one written by Americans, the other by Swiss. Both suffer from inherent faults of books by multiple authors writing separate chapters, without limits as to size and content. Labhart participated in most of his book and therefore it is smoother in style. Williams wrote only the chapters on "The Pancreas" and "Disorders Causing Hypoglycemia," but the greater choppiness of Williams' book is irrelevant since only those taking board examinations in endocrinology would dare read this book from cover to cover in one short interval. Both of these volumes are for reference by internists or endocrinologists. The advantages of Williams' text are the quality of the authors' scientific knowledge, based on active participation in clinical and basic research; the
Inflatable Splint for Ski Injuries
Authors: A. Scott Earle
Journal: JAMA (1965)

DURING the past three winters, the Sun Valley Medical Department has tested modifications of an inflatable splint for the handling of skiing casualties. An average of 800 ski injuries are treated each winter at the Sun Valley Village Hospital. Of these accident victims, somewhat more than 100 are transported by the Sun Valley Ski Patrol. The majority of these require the application of a splinting device. The ideal splint for skiing injuries should have the following properties: It should, obviously and foremost, provide adequate support to the injured part; it should be simple to apply, even by untrained personnel, and it should be comfortable. The splint should be mechanically uncomplicated, reliable, durable, and reusable; it should be universal, ie, applicable to any size extremity. It must function properly in extremes of temperature and altitude; and it should be radiolucent so that it need not be removed while the injured part
Comparative Genomic Study Reveals a Transition from TA Richness in Invertebrates to GC Richness in Vertebrates at CpG Flanking Sites: An Indication for Context-Dependent Mutagenicity of Methylated CpG Sites
Authors: Yong Wang, Frederick C.C. Leung
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2008)

Abstract Vertebrate genomes are characterized with CpG deficiency, particularly for GC-poor regions. The GC content-related CpG deficiency is probably caused by context-dependent deamination of methylated CpG sites. This hypothesis was examined in this study by comparing nucleotide frequencies at CpG flanking positions among invertebrate and vertebrate genomes. The finding is a transition of nucleotide preference of 5′ T to 5′ A at the invertebrate-vertebrate boundary, indicating that a large number of CpG sites with 5′ Ts were depleted because of global DNA methylation developed in vertebrates. At genome level, we investigated CpG observed/expected (obs/exp) values in 500 bp fragments, and found that higher CpG obs/exp value is shown in GC-poor regions of invertebrate genomes (except sea urchin) but in GC-rich sequences of vertebrate genomes. We next compared GC content at CpG flanking positions with genomic average, showing that the GC content is lower than the average in invertebrate genomes, but higher than that in vertebrate genomes. These results indicate that although 5′ T and 5′ A are different in inducing deamination of methylated CpG sites, GC content is even more important in affecting the deamination rate. In all the tests, the results of sea urchin are similar to vertebrates perhaps due to its fractional DNA methylation. CpG deficiency is therefore suggested to be mainly a result of high mutation rates of methylated CpG sites in GC-poor regions.
Causes of Death in Homeless Adults in Boston
Authors: Stephen W. Hwang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Homeless persons have high mortality rates. Objective: To ascertain causes of death in a group of homeless persons. Design: Cohort study. Patients: 17 292 adults seen by the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program from 1988 to 1993. Measurements: Cause-specific mortality rates adjusted for race and rate ratios that compare mortality rates in homeless persons with those in the general population of Boston. Results: Homicide was the leading cause of death among men who were 18 to 24 years of age (mortality rate, 242.7 per 100 000 person-years; rate ratio, 4.1). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was the major cause of death in men (mortality rate, 336.5 per 100 000 person-years; rate ratio, 2.0) and women (mortality rate, 116.0 per 100 000 person-years; rate ratio, 5.0) who were 25 to 44 years of age. Heart disease and cancer were the leading causes of death in persons who were 45 to 64 years of age. Conclusions: The most common causes of death among homeless adults who have contact with clinicians vary by age group. Efforts to reduce the rate of death among homeless persons should focus on these causes.
Plasma Cephalins of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: MARTIN M. NOTHMAN, SAMUEL PROGER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

In the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction the values for phosphatidyl ethanolamine are on the average 50% to 100% higher than in patients with chronic coronary heart disease and up to 400% higher than in normal individuals. Those for phosphatidyl serine are about 50% higher than in patients with chronic coronary heart disease and up to 300% higher than in normal individuals. Expressed in percentages of total phospholipids, the share of phosphatidyl ethanolamine in acute myocardial infarction is about twice as high as in chronic coronary heart disease and three times as high as in healthy persons. The share of phosphatidyl serine is about 50% higher than in patients with chronic coronary heart disease and also almost 300% higher than in healthy persons. Following the acute incident the values for the cephalins, both phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine, decrease slowly. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine reaches the level found in patients with chronic coronary heart disease in about 4 weeks, phosphatidyl serine in about 1 week.
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis followed by pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: V.A. Venning, T.J. Ryan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Subcorneal pustular dermatosis followed by pyoderma gangrenosum Get access V.A. Venning, V.A. Venning Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.J. Ryan T.J. Ryan Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 1, 1 July 1986, Pages 117–118, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06229.x Published: 01 July 1986
The Nursing Home
Authors: Samuel Wallace Bender
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Why are the chosen pulse oximeters so expensive?
Authors: A. Savage
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Unemployment and economic inactivity are associated with worse mental health in the general population, but there is limited understanding of whether these relationships are different for those persons with mental or physical disabilities. The aim of this study was to assess whether there were differences in mental health by labour force status among persons with and without disabilities. <h3>Method</h3> Over eight annual waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, a total of 2379 people with disabilities and 11 417 people without disabilities were identified. Mental health using the Mental Component Summary (MCS) from the Short Form 36 was modelled as a function of labour force status using fixed-effects regression models to control for time invariant confounding. Differences between those with and without disabilities were assessed by including an interaction term in regression models. <h3>Results</h3> After finding evidence of effect modification, regression models were stratified by disability status. After adjustment, unemployment and economic inactivity were associated with a −1.85 (95% CI −2.96 to −0.73, p=0.001) and −2.66 (95% CI −3.46 to −1.86, p&lt;0.001) reduction in scores of the MCS among those with a disability. For those without a disability, there were smaller declines associated with unemployment (−0.57, 95% CI −1.02 to −0.12, p=0.013) and economic inactivity (−0.34, 95% CI −0.64 to 0.05, p=0.022). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results suggest a greater reduction in mental health for those persons with disabilities who were unemployed or economically inactive than those who were employed. This highlights the value of employment for people with disabilities.
The doctor won't see you now
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Time is money, and no more so than in medicine, with the NHS spending £40bn a year on wages.1 So we complain about the 10% of patients who did not attend at hospital clinics, wasting our precious and expensive time. Some doctors even take it as a personal affront. We have policies for these DNAs, and we send out angry letters, talk of fining patients or sometimes of removing them from practice lists, and complain to the newspapers about the …
IMPACT OF THE ADVISA MRI™ SURESCAN® PACING SYSTEM ON THE DIAGNOSTIC QUALITY OF CMR IMAGES AND CONTRACTION PATTERNS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE DURING SCANS
Authors: Dirk van Osch, Juerg Schwitter, Emanuel Kanal, Matthias Schmitt, Frederic Anselme, Timothy Albert, David Hayes, David Bello, Attila Toth, Yanping Chang, Torsten Sommer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS ATARACTIC DRUGS
Authors: PAUL E. FELDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. Clinical evaluations have been made upon 1,450 trials with chlorpromazine, a combination of Thorazine and reserpine, Frenquel, Pacatal, and Serpasil. 2. The patient material utilized for this study consisted of a very chronic, inpatient population of a state hospital with a very high percentage of schizophrenic reactions. 3. All 5 compounds tested appear to be of benefit in some respect, but not to the same degree. 4. Thorazine appears to be the most generally effective, and Frenquel the least. 5. All drugs appear most effective in the treatment of early cases and least effective in the very chronic. 6. High dosages of drugs do not appear to provide any benefit over and above the benefit derived from moderate dosage. 7. The incidence of side-effects is highest with Thorazine and Thorazine combined with reserpine and lowest with Frequel. 8. Combined Thorazine-reserpine therapy does not follow the prediction that the good effects of each drug would be potentiated and the ill effects merely additive. Thorazine-reserpine produces a prohibitively high incidence of serious untoward effects. 9. Patients who do not respond to one drug may respond to another. Patients who respond moderately to one drug may respond maximally to another. 10. No single diagnostic category seems to respond outstandingly to any one drug. 11. Hyperactivity, combativeness and tension respond best to ataraxics. The response of insight, affect, judgment, and realistic planning is disappointing. 12. Our results support the concept that ataractic drugs are of value in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Book Review Thrombosis in Clinical Practice Edited by Andrew D. Blann, Gregory Y.H. Lip, and Alexander G.G. Turpie. 326 pp., illustrated. Abingdon, England, Informa Healthcare/Taylor &amp; Francis, 2005. $139.95. 1-84214-163-5
Authors: Giancarlo Agnelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Terminal Transferase: Its Evolving Role
Authors: Frank L. Meyskens, Stephen E. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Eventually, most patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia enter an aggressive phase of their illness, termed "blast crisis," that resembles acute leukemia except in its refractoriness to conventional chemotherapy. However, about 30 per cent of patients with leukemia in the blast-crisis phase achieve remission with rather simple chemotherapy: vincristine and prednisone. Considerable effort has been expended on defining the clinical, morphologic, cytochemical and cytogenetic characteristics of this subgroup of responsive patients. Lymphoblastic morphology and the finding of fewer than the normal diploid number of chromosomes are the two features most likely to be associated with response to vincristine and prednisone. However, . . .
Itching, Burning Eyes
Authors: George L. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In recent years there has been an increase in the number of persons seeking medical attention with the chief complaint of "itchy-burning eyes." Typically, the patient complains of smarting, burning, itching, excessive tearing, and redness of the eyes. On examination, the ophthalmologist frequently finds little objective physical evidence of ocular irritation. The usual signs of conjunctival inflammation, including congestion of vessels, follicle formation, papillae, and discharge are not found. Rarely, there is minimal conjunctival (either bulbar or palpebral) injection. The Schirmer test is negative and there is no demonstrable hypersensitivity to cosmetics or drugs as indicated by the presence of an eosinophilia. The authors reviewed and abstracted 50 cases of patients presenting to the Jules Stein Eye Institute clinic with these symptoms. Following is a summary of findings from these patients. Of the 50 patients, 49 were women and one was a man. Forty-six had consulted ophthalmologists
TGF-β-RI Kinase Inhibitor SD-208 Reduces the Development and Progression of Melanoma Bone Metastases
Authors: Khalid S. Mohammad, Delphine Javelaud, Pierrick G. J. Fournier, Maria Niewolna, C. Ryan McKenna, Xiang H. Peng, Vu Duong, Lauren K. Dunn, Alain Mauviel, Theresa A. Guise
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Melanoma often metastasizes to bone where it is exposed to high concentrations of TGF-β. Constitutive Smad signaling occurs in human melanoma. Because TGF-β promotes metastases to bone by several types of solid tumors including breast cancer, we hypothesized that pharmacologic blockade of the TGF-β signaling pathway may interfere with the capacity of melanoma cells to metastasize to bone. In this study, we tested the effect of a small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I kinase (TβRI), SD-208, on various parameters affecting the development and progression of melanoma, both in vitro and in a mouse model of human melanoma bone metastasis. In melanoma cell lines, SD-208 blocked TGF-β induction of Smad3 phosphorylation, Smad3/4-specific transcription, Matrigel invasion and expression of the TGF-β target genes PTHrP, IL-11, CTGF, and RUNX2. To assess effects of SD-208 on melanoma development and metastasis, nude mice were inoculated with 1205Lu melanoma cells into the left cardiac ventricle and drug was administered by oral gavage on prevention or treatment protocols. SD-208 (60 mg/kg/d), started 2 days before tumor inoculation prevented the development of osteolytic bone metastases compared with vehicle. In mice with established bone metastases, the size of osteolytic lesions was significantly reduced after 4 weeks treatment with SD-208 compared with vehicle-treated mice. Our results demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of TGF-β may prevent the development of melanoma bone metastases and decrease the progression of established osteolytic lesions.
Mammary gland neoplasia.
Authors: D A Neumann, T M Crisp, S S Olin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Determining how findings of chemically induced carcinogenic effects in rodents can properly be interpreted for human health poses a continuing challenge to the risk assessment community. One approach begins by comparing and contrasting carcinogenic process in rodents and humans, identifying biologically significant similarities and differences and gaps in scientific knowledge and understanding. Russo and Russo (in this issue) use just such an approach to evaluate the current state of scientific understanding of the comparative mechanisms of mammary tumorigenesis in humans and rodents, particularly the role of reproductive hormones. This commentary describes the basis for this review and suggests some of the implications the report may have for human health risk assessment and for future research.
Glomerular injury in uninephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. A consequence of glomerular capillary hypertension.
Authors: L D Dworkin, H D Feiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Micropuncture and/or morphologic studies were performed in intact Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (group 0), intact spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (groups 1 and 5), uninephrectomized (UNX) WKY (groups 2 and 6), and UNX SHR (groups 3 and 4, 7 and 8). UNX was performed when rats were 5 wk of age. Groups 0-4 were observed for 34 wk after which whole kidney clearance and morphologic studies were performed. Groups 5-8 underwent micropuncture study at 10 wk of age. Groups 4 and 8 were fed a diet containing 6% protein. All other rats ingested standard laboratory diet. 5 wk after UNX, normotensive group 6 had higher single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and initial glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) than intact, hypertensive group 5. Glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (delta P) was similar in these two groups. Hypertensive group 7 exhibited less elevation in SNGFR and QA than group 6, but delta P was significantly increased. The presence of glomerular capillary hypertension in UNX SHR at 10 wk was associated with the development of significant proteinuria and an increased incidence of mesangial expansion and glomerular sclerosis at 7 mo (group 3) as compared with groups 0, 1, and 2. Protein restriction prevented the development of increased delta P in UNX SHR (group 8) and also conferred long-term protection from increased urinary protein excretion and glomerular injury (group 4). These studies suggest that glomerular capillary hypertension predisposes to glomerular injury in this model of hypertension with reduced renal mass.