tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Studies in Chronic Uremia
Authors: FRANCESCO DEL GRECO, NORMAN M. SIMON, JADWIGA ROGUSKA, CHARLES WALKER
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Hemodynamic functions and blood volume were observed in patients with chronic uremia. Thirty-one patients had clinical features of circulatory congestion and 37 did not. The degree of anemia and acidosis was comparable in both groups. However, creatinine clearance was significantly lower in patients with circulatory congestion. Both groups of patients had greater blood pressure, heart rate, plasma volume, and total peripheral resistance than normal. Resting cardiac output was abnormally decreased in 19% of the patients with circulatory congestion and in 14% of patients without features of circulatory congestion. There was no correlation between blood volume and blood pressure. Intravenous digitalization of seven of the patients with circulatory congestion produced clinical and hemodynamic improvement in only two. Hemodialysis effected an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in total peripheral resistance in six patients with congestion. In seven patients without circulatory congestion after dialysis there was a fall in plasma and blood volume, associated with a slight decrease in cardiac output. It is suggested that congestion of the circulation in chronic uremia results from a variety of hemodynamic, myocardial, and metabolic alterations, rather than from any single abnormality.
Vertebrobasilar Arterial Disease
Authors: Joseph Francis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This work attracted me, a primary care geriatrician, because vertebrobasilar insufficiency is often part of the differential diagnosis of common but perplexing problems in my older patients, including unsteady gait, dizziness, vertigo, and falling. Since the vertebrobasilar system accounts for 20% to 30% of intracranial blood flow, more in patients with carotid disease, and supplies 10 of the 12 cranial nerves, all the ascending and descending tracts, the cerebellum, and parts of the cerebral hemispheres, disease within this system can present with myriad signs and symptoms. Given this complexity, the questions I wanted this text to answer were: when should atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar disease be suspected clinically? how can the diagnosis be confirmed in a cost-effective manner? and, which patients should be referred for revascularization to prevent a devastating stroke? This book contains state-of-the-art reports on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of vertebrobasilar ischemia presented in October 1990 at the Second
Carotid-Artery Disease
Authors: Louis R. Caplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Few medical issues are more controversial than carotid endarterectomy. The subject has been featured in the general press and on prime-time television; dispute has been encouraged between surgeon and nonsurgeon, with "needless surgery" a refrain poorly concealed in the background. These debates usually have more passion than substance. What is painfully obvious to experts on stroke is that we still don't know which patients, with what lesions, detected by which tests, should be treated, and with what therapies.In the past decade, the epidemiologic and pathological aspects of carotid-artery disease have been better defined. Techniques for diagnosis have multiplied, creating . . .
DIPHTHERIA AS VIEWED BY THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER DURING THE LAST YEAR.
Authors: ALEX. McALISTER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It is not my aim to present a learned dissertation either on the pathology or scientific treatment of diphtheria. These subjects have been before the profession so constantly during the last three years that such a paper would prove only an intrusion upon your valuable time. What I wish to do is simply to make a few practical observations that must be patent to every general practitioner. Until recently diphtheria ranked as the gravest of the anginas, and the most dreaded of the acute febrile affections. This applies with especial emphasis to the laryngeal types, formerly largely regarded as a distinct disease, but now generally recognized as identical with diphtheria of the larynx and properly treated with heroic doses of antitoxin. Yet the nasal and naso-pharyngeal types with their preponderance of constitutional manifestations and former frightful mortality were scarcely less dreaded both by the physician and parent. Recent advances in
1031-103 Genetic heterogeneity of the nitric oxide synthase 3 locus and heart failure outcomes: Comparison of the T786C promoter, intron 4b/a and the Asp298Glu polymorphisms
Authors: Maninder S Bedi, Srinivas Murali, Guy Macgowan, Linda Cadaret, Michael Mathier, Barry London, Dennis McNamara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes: Long-term survival analysis
Authors: Viswanathan Mohan, Gopal Premalatha, Audinarayanan Padma, Suresh T Chari, Capecomorin S Pitchumoni
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term survival and causes of death in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes, a form of diabetes secondary to tropical chronic pancreatitis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cohort of 370 patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes were analyzed with respect to survival time from the date of occurrence of the first symptom of the disease as well as after the onset of diabetes. The cause of death was analyzed in the patients who died. Cumulative survival rates were calculated by the actuarial method, and life table graphs were plotted by mathematical calculations. RESULTS Long-term survival of patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes is much better today than that described 30 years ago. About 80% of patients were alive 35 years after the first episode of abdominal pain. The median survival time after the diagnosis of diabetes was 25 years. These figures, however, are still considerably lower than the life expectancy of the age- and sex-matched general population. Diabetic nephropathy was the main cause of death. Pancreatic cancer and other chronic pancreatitis-related causes as well as malnutrition and infections were also important contributors to mortality. CONCLUSIONS The overall prognosis for patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes appears to have improved possibly because of earlier diagnosis, better management of diabetes, and improved nutrition.
Metabolic Alkalosis in Diabetic Ketosis
Authors: José A. Jiménez
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE OVERPRODUCTION of ketone bodies during the uncontrolled metabolic state in certain diabetic patients ordinarily leads to an accumulation of hydrogen ions and acidosis. Nevertheless, a coincidental condition, usually protracted vomiting, may result in the excessive loss of H<sup>+</sup>. The consequence would, then, be the appearance of metabolic alkalosis in the presence of diabetic ketosis.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 58-year-old diabetic woman who had been taking tolbutamide, 0.5 gm three times a day, was admitted to the University Hospital M. Mora on Dec 14,1972, in a comatose state. Three weeks before admission, she had stopped taking the medication because she "got tired of taking pills." Ten days later, she experienced malaise, severe polyuria, diffuse abdominal pain with nausea, and at times, vomiting. She had no fever and there were no symptoms of urinary involvement. Her condition deteriorated, and four days before admission, the vomiting became frequent, the polyuria
A genomics-based approach to biodefence preparedness
Authors: Claire M. Fraser
Journal: Nature Reviews Genetics (2004)

The anthrax letter attacks in October 2001, followed by the SARS outbreak in early 2003, dramatically illustrated our vulnerability to both deliberate and natural outbreaks of infectious disease. The availability of pathogen genome sequences and high-throughput methods for studying the biology of both pathogens and their hosts have provided new insights into the mechanisms of pathogenesis and host defence. As infectious disease research expands to include major bioterror agents, genomics-based approaches will provide one of the cornerstones of efforts to develop more accurate diagnostics, new therapeutics and vaccines, and further capabilities for microbial forensics.
Retroperitoneoscopic Versus Open Surgical Radical Nephrectomy for Large Renal Cell Carcinoma in Clinical Stage cT2 or cT3a: Quality of Life, Pain and Reconvalescence
Authors: Wolfgang Dillenburg, Vassilis Poulakis, Konstantinos Skriapas, Rachelle de Vries, Nikolaos Ferakis, Ulrich Witzsch, Michael Melekos, Edward Becht
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Effect of Transient Hypoxia on Sensitivity to Doxorubicin in Human and Murine Cell Lines
Authors: C. K. Luk, L. Veinot-Drebot, E. Tjan, I. F. Tannock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Overreplication of DNA associated with gene amplification and drug resistance has been reported to occur after transient hypoxia of rodent cells. Because oxygen levels fluctuate in solid tumors, clinical drug resistance might be stimulated by this mechanism. We have therefore studied the effect of transient hypoxia on sensitivity to doxorubicin in human and murine cell lines. Exposure to hypoxia led to a decreased rate of cell proliferation, and most of the observed changes in sensitivity to doxorubicin were consistent with cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity of this drug. After transient hypoxia, about 10% of the murine cells (EMT6/R0 and KHT-LP1) contained greater than four times the haploid DNA content (>4C DNA), but only 0%–5% of the human cells (MGH-U1, A549, and Hey) had >4C DNA content. Murine cells that had been exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation, and which had >4C DNA content, were separated by flow cytometry. For KHT-LP1 cells, but not for EMT6/R0 cells, this subpopulation was found to be more resistant to doxorubicin than the subpopulation with <4C DNA content and the aerobic control. When resistant KHT-LP1 clones were expanded in the presence of doxorubicin, six of six clones showed amplification of the P-glycoprotein gene family. The ability and efficiency of hypoxia to induce DNA overreplication, gene amplification, and drug resistance appears to be cell-line dependent. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:684–692,1990]
Dads, Docs, Drugs, and Decisions-Reply
Authors: John La Puma
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —We thank Drs Oserman and Lehner for their kind comments. It was a privilege to begin to think about the ethical constraints on physicians who wish to treat their own families.  We hope that Dr Lehner's daughter responded well to therapy. We thank him for his courageous confession and admire his passion for medicine and for his family.  One of us (J.L.) reviewed with Dr Oserman the reference in Pharmacy Law Digest that he cites. Unfortunately, no legal statutes were referred to in that citation. Dr Oserman has, however, touched on another area of opportunity for inquiry: physicians who have themselves for patients. 1
1000–33 On-line Automated Lumen Volume Measurement With 3-D Intracoronary Ultrasound During Coronary Interventions
Authors: Francesco Prati, Carlo di Mario, Clemens von Birgelen, Robert Gil, Jurgen Ligthart, Peter Ruygrok, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt, Pim J. de Feyter, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
CHEMOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES WITH COMPOUNDS OF ARSENIC
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. We have shown that the type of renal lesion produced by compounds of arsenic varies widely: while some arsenicals produce changes in which vascular injury predominates, others produce an equally dominant tubular injury. 2. In either of these groups the character and degree of the vascular or tubular injury produced by different compounds shows further variation, such that the lesions of different arsenicals of the same group are not identical. Each compound of arsenic that we have tested, therefore, produces a lesion-complex in the kidney that is relatively characteristic for that compound. 3. The mode and character of the action of arsenicals are dependent upon the chemical constitution of the compound.
Tumor specific ultrasound enhanced gene transfer in vivo with novel liposomal bubbles
Authors: Ryo Suzuki, Tomoko Takizawa, Yoichi Negishi, Naoki Utoguchi, Kaori Sawamura, Kumiko Tanaka, Eisuke Namai, Yusuke Oda, Yasuhiro Matsumura, Kazuo Maruyama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Myoglobinuria and Renal Failure Associated With Typhoid Fever
Authors: Owen J. Rheingold
Journal: JAMA (1977)

ACUTE renal failure due to myoglobinuria has been described with numerous disorders, including trauma, ischemic diseases, drugs and toxins, systemic infections, McArdle's disease, and alcoholism.<sup>1,2</sup>To our knowledge, typhoid fever has not yet been reported with myoglobinuria and acute renal failure. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Six days before admission our 32-year-old patient began to have chills, fever, headaches, crampy abdominal pain, and 15 to 20 watery brown stools daily. He was treated with aspirin, a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide gel (Maalox), a mixture of belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital (Donnatal), and penicillin without relief. He noted a gradual onset of dark urine and yellow discoloration of his eyes. There was no dysuria, melena, hematemesis or hematochezia, upper respiratory tract infection, myalgia arthralgia, weakness, or rash, and no history of drug or ethanol abuse, transfusions, recent travel outside the United States, exposure to hepatitis, toxins, or rat-infested or
Re: Prognostic Significance of a Short Sequence Insertion in the MCL-1 Promoter in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Frank Dicker, Sonja Rauhut, Alexander Kohlmann, Wolfgang Kern, Claudia Schoch, Torsten Haferlach, Susanne Schnittger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)
Rubella vaccination: screening all women at risk
Authors: R. Clubb
Journal: BMJ (1981)

injury to the liver follows repeated halothane anaesthesia with a frequency as high as 20-400o of patients.The latter would be in keeping with repeated and cumulative direct hepatic damage alone or in combination with hapten formation from free radicals as a basis for hypersensitivity response.In both mech- anisms reductive metabolism of halothane probably plays a central role.We must now ask: What are the keys that predispose a very small number of individuals to develop severe liver injury ?Our recent studies point to pharmacogenetics as one of the keys.Thus "halothane hepatitis" may now more appro- priately be regarded as having a multifactorial aetiology as proposed in 19792 and recently discussed in editorials on both sides of the Atlantic.67This is in contrast to a prevailing tendency for investigators to seek "the cause," with a sharp division between the proponents of "direct toxicity" and the advocates of "hypersensitivity" (allergy).
Intravenous gammaglobulins in refractory polymyositis: lower dose for maintenance treatment is effective
Authors: S Genevay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To test lower dose immunoglobulins as a maintenance treatment in a patient with refractory polymyositis. <h3>METHODS</h3> In a patient with longstanding refractory polymyositis, intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin treatment was introduced at a standard dose (2 g/kg monthly). After a few treatment courses, doses were reduced to 0.8 g/kg monthly, allowing perfusion over one single day. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Although response to the standard dose was only partial, reduction of subsequent doses did not alter the evolution. On the contrary, the evolution was marked by further improvement, which has been sustained over the following year. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Lower dose IV immunoglobulins as a maintenance treatment were used with excellent results in a case of refractory polymyositis allowing considerable reduction in treatment costs. Further trials should be undertaken to evaluate this interesting alternative.
Smart doctors playing stupid?
Authors: J. Christiansson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Your recent article poses a serious threat to one of the great benefits of orthopaedic surgery-strategic incompetence. 1When dealing with other specialties an orthopaedic surgeon can always look mildly puzzled by such challenges as an electrocardiogram.This leads the opposing specialist to believe that the orthopaedic surgeon is out of his or her depth and to take over the patient's care as soon as the operation is done.This new study, however, exposes orthopaedic surgeons not as stupid doctors playing smart, but the opposite.This will lead to a less helpful attitude from the rest of the hospital staff because they will realise that we can manage on our own.Thanks a bunch for that.
Transgenic models of hypertension: useful tools or unusual toys?
Authors: T W Kurtz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Recent linkage studies in humans with essential hypertension and in animal models of spontaneous hypertension have sug- gested that genetically determined variation in the activity of the renin-angiotensin system may contribute to inherited varia- tions in blood pressure ( 1, 2).While it is remarkable that most of the positive linkage studies of hypertension to date have implicated chromosome regions that contain genes of the renin-angiotensin system, such studies cannot prove that genet- ically determined alterations in the renin-angiotensin system contribute to the pathogenesis of spontaneous forms of hyper- tension.However, selective breeding experiments and gene transfer techniques may be used to investigate directly whether variation in specific DNA sequences can affect blood pressure.
Use of hospital beds
Authors: P McHugh, K A Milligan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Union itself has hinted at the possible draconian measures that may be necessary to reduce its current liability, a course of action that in itself will severely curtail clinical freedom.The present two thirds reimbursement arrangement is a mess, with many doctors still awaiting and indeed having to fight for reimbursement.It is also pernicious for the government to penalise doctors with part time contracts.This arrangement can be but a short term holding measure and illustrates how any compromise short of the government accepting liability for employees is going to generate more problems than it actually solves.While there may be ancillary arguments about medical defence, such as no fault compensation, these can be debated later.The urgent necessity is for the British Medical Association and other professional bodies to urge the government to take over the liability for all doctors employed in the NHS.Unless this is done quickly the current uncertainty is going to cause unprecedented damage to the morale of, and recruitment to, the high risk specialties.
THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF SPRUE
Authors: H. H. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1923)

Medical man, aged 33.Occasional attacks of migraine for some years with marked visual phenomena and headache but no vomit- ing.In 1922 there were five attacks within a shdrt period and in four of these absolute and immediate relief was obtained after taking calcium lactate.In the fifth attack no supply of the drug could be obtainied and the consequent headache lasted for more than twenty-four hours After this an error of refraction was corrected and the attacks ceased.CASE 3a.Medical man, aged 26.Typical migraine attacks unaccompanied by vomiting smce February 1923.I ordered calcium lactate in the usual dose.He reports (October, 1923) that he has experienced
Fixed eruption caused by ciprofloxacin without cross‐sensitivity to norfloxacin
Authors: M. Lozano Ayllón, M. Gómez Martinez, M. R. Mosquera, J. J. Laguna Martinez, M. Orta Martiartu, C. Fernández de Miguel
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We report the case of a female patient who presented fixed exanthema following administration of ciprofloxacin. To our knowledge, only one case of fixed exanthema in response to this agent has appeared in the literature, and it was associated with cross‐sensitivity to norfloxacin.
GENETICS OF HUMAN CELL LINES
Authors: B. Djordjevic, Waclaw Szybalski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The human cell line D98S can be cultivated indefinitely in the presence of up to 3 x 10(-5)M 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR), without loss of cell viability. During this time, BUDR is incorporated into both strands of the DNA molecules, replacing up to 45 per cent of the thymidine and thereby rendering the cells highly sensitive to UV light and to x-rays. Cells grown for a limited period of time in the presence of 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUDR) become UV-sensitized, while prolonged cultivation with IUDR results in the loss of cell viability. The properties of the BUDR label permitted the demonstration that: (a) human DNA replicates in a "semiconservative" manner; (b) the degree of radiosensitization of BUDR-treated cells depends on whether the DNA has been substituted in one strand only ("unifilarly") or in both strands ("bifilarly"); (c) functional human DNA is produced during partial inhibition of protein synthesis. The potential applicability of this new rational principle of radiosensitization to the radiotherapy of neoplastic diseases is discussed.
Electronic Self-Report Assessment for Cancer and Self-Care Support: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Trial
Authors: Donna L. Berry, Fangxin Hong, Barbara Halpenny, Ann H. Partridge, Jesse R. Fann, Seth Wolpin, William B. Lober, Nigel E. Bush, Upendra Parvathaneni, Anthony L. Back, Dagmar Amtmann, Rosemary Ford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effect of a Web-based, self-report assessment and educational intervention on symptom distress during cancer therapy.A total of 752 ambulatory adult participants were randomly assigned to symptom/quality-of-life (SxQOL) screening at four time points (control) versus screening, targeted education, communication coaching, and the opportunity to track/graph SxQOL over time (intervention). A summary of the participant-reported data was delivered to clinicians at each time point in both groups. All participants used the assessment before a new therapeutic regimen, at 3 to 6 weeks and 6 to 8 weeks later, completing the final assessment at the end of therapy. Change in Symptom Distress Scale-15 (SDS-15) score from pretreatment to end of study was compared using analysis of covariance and regression analysis adjusting for selected variables.We detected a significant difference between study groups in mean SDS-15 score change from baseline to end of study: 1.27 (standard deviation [SD], 6.7) in the control group (higher distress) versus -0.04 (SD, 5.8) in the intervention group (lower distress). SDS-15 score was reduced by an estimated 1.21 (95% CI, 0.23 to 2.20; P = .02) in the intervention group. Baseline SDS-15 score (P < .001) and clinical service (P = .01) were predictive. Multivariable analyses suggested an interaction between age and study group (P = .06); in subset analysis, the benefit of intervention was strongest in those age > 50 years (P = .002).Web-based self-care support and communication coaching added to SxQOL screening reduced symptom distress in a multicenter sample of participants with various diagnoses during and after active cancer treatment. Participants age > 50 years, in particular, may have benefited from the intervention.