tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Calcium Score and Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Diabetes
Authors: Subhashish Agarwal, Timothy Morgan, David M. Herrington, Jianzhao Xu, Amanda J. Cox, Barry I. Freedman, J. Jeffrey Carr, Donald W. Bowden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

In diabetes, it remains unclear whether the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score provides additional information about total mortality risk beyond traditional risk factors.A total of 1,051 participants, aged 34-86 years, in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) were followed for 7.4 years. Subjects were separated into five groups using baseline computed tomography scans and CAC scores (0-9, 10-99, 100-299, 300-999, and ≥1,000). Logistic regression was performed adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, and LDL cholesterol to examine the association between CAC and all-cause mortality. Areas under the curve with and without CAC were compared. Natural splines using continuous measures of CAC were fitted to estimate the relationship between observed CAC and mortality risk.A total of 17% (178 of 1,051) of participants died during the follow-up. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratios (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality, using CAC 0-9 as the reference group, were CAC 10-99: 1.40 (0.57-3.74); CAC 100-299: 2.87 (1.17-7.77); CAC 300-999: 3.04 (1.32-7.90); and CAC ≥ 1,000: 6.71 (3.09-16.87). The area under the curve without CAC was 0.68 (95% CI 0.66-0.70), and the area under the curve with CAC was 0.72 (0.70-0.74) (P = 0.0001). Using splines, the estimated risk (95% CI) of mortality for a CAC of 0 was 6.7% (4.6-9.7), and the risk increased nearly linearly, plateauing at CAC ≥ 1,000 (20.0% [15.7-25.2]).In diabetes, CAC was shown to be an independent predictor of mortality. Participants with CAC (0-9) were at lower risk (0.9% annual mortality). The risk of mortality increased with increasing levels of CAC, plateauing at approximately CAC ≥ 1,000 (2.7% annual mortality). More research is warranted to determine the potential utility of CAC scans in diabetes.
CXCL1 and its receptor, CXCR2, mediate murine sickle cell vaso-occlusion during hemolytic transfusion reactions
Authors: Jung-Eun Jang, Eldad A. Hod, Steven L. Spitalnik, Paul S. Frenette
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) can produce serious and potentially life-threatening complications in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients; however, the mechanisms underlying these complications remain undetermined. We established a model of alloimmune, IgG-mediated HTRs in a well-characterized humanized murine model of SCD. HTRs induced acute vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), resulting in shortened survival of SCD mice. Acute VOC was associated with elevated circulating inflammatory chemokine levels, including striking elevation of the levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1. Recombinant CXCL1 administration was sufficient to induce acute VOC in SCD mice, characterized by leukocyte recruitment in venules, capture of circulating red blood cells, reduction of venular flow, and shortened survival. In contrast, blockade of the CXCL1 receptor, CXCR2, prevented HTR-elicited acute VOC and prolonged survival in SCD mice. These results indicate that CXCL1 is a key inflammatory mediator of acute VOC in SCD mice. Targeted inhibition of CXCL1 and/or CXCR2 may therefore represent a new therapeutic approach for acute VOC in SCD patients.
Common or single ventricle. An angiocardiographic and hemodynamic study of 42 patients.
Authors: F J Macartney, J B Partridge, O Scott, P B Deverall
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To correlate anatomy with hemodynamics, the angiocardiographic findings were reviewed in 42 patients with common ventricle (CV). Nine had normally related great arteries (NRGA), 12 d-malposition, 21 l-malposition and 5 a common atrioventricular valve. Selective outlet chamber (OLC) angiocardiograms were available in 14 out of 29 patients with OLCs. OLC position varied from anterior and to the right of the CV to posterior and to the left of it; two categories (anterior and lateral OLC) were delineated by a line 45 degrees to theleft of anterior in the horizontal plane. The OLC was anterior in all patients with NRGA, lateral in most l-malpositions, and almost equally divided between anterior and lateral in d-malposition (P less than 0.05). Complete hemodynamic data were obtained in 29 patients. Complete mixing of venous return occurred in four patients with atresia of one valve. In the remainder complete mixing occurred in 36%, unfavorable streaming in 12% and favorable streaming in 52%. Semilunar valve position and pulmonary stenosis did not affect the nature of mixing. Systemic arterial (SA) minus pulmonary arterial O2 saturation was positive and significantly higher in patients with malposition with lateral OLCs than anterior OLCs (P less than 0.001). However 79% of SA O2 saturation variation could be predicted from pulmonary and systemic blood flow alone.
Abstract 5458: Identification of functional downstream gene of ABCB1 2677 G&amp;gt;T/A polymorphism, LAMP-1, as a predictor gene to inhibitors of microtubule dynamics using integrative analysis of pharmacogenetics and genomics
Authors: Woo Sun Kwon
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objectives Overexpression of ABCB1 in cancers was first reported to encode a protein responsible for drug resistance. ABCB1 expression has been shown to be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms. Methods We studied chemosensitivity-related functionally downstream genes of ABCB1 non-synonymous 2677G&amp;gt;T/A polymorphism using integrative genomics studies of ABCB1 (polymorphisms, expression profiling), chemo-sensitivity to various anticancer drugs, and functional association study of the selected gene. Results The genes were identified based on the results of the significance analysis of microarray, and prediction accuracy was evaluated using the prediction analysis of microarray. Functional assay of the selected gene (LAMP1) was done by siRNA and drug accumulation. Association studies demonstrated correlations between 2677 genotypes and sensitivity to docetaxel, vincristine, and vinblastine. Based on the pharmacogenetic association of 2677 polymorphism, we performed expression profiling to select seven genes. Chemosensitivity was restored with LAMP1 siRNA by increased intracellular drug accumulation. Conclusions We identified seven genes that predict the chemosensitivity to microtubule dynamics modulators using integrative pharmacogenetic genotyping and pharmacogenomic profiling assays. Biological validation of the role of the seven downstream genes of non-synonymous ABCB1 2677G&amp;gt;T/A polymorphism, including the membrane function of LAMP1, and clinical validation of their predictivity are required for clinical application of these results. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5458. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5458
Diagnostic Work-Up and Risk Stratification in X-Linked Dilated Cardiomyopathies Caused by Dystrophin Defects
Authors: Marta Diegoli, Maurizia Grasso, Valentina Favalli, Alessandra Serio, Fabiana Isabella Gambarin, Catherine Klersy, Michele Pasotti, Emanuela Agozzino, Laura Scelsi, Alessandra Ferlini, Oreste Febo, Giovanni Piccolo, Luigi Tavazzi, Jagat Narula, Eloisa Arbustini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)

We sought to describe the diagnostic work-up, phenotype, and long-term evolution of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with Dystrophin (DYS) defects. X-linked DCM associated with DYS defects can be clinically indistinguishable from other types of DCM. The series comprises 436 consecutive male patients diagnosed with DCM. Patients underwent endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). Genetic testing employed multiplex polymerase chain reaction and multiple ligation dependent probe assay for deletions and direct sequencing of the 79 exons and flanking regions of the gene for point mutations or small rearrangements. We identified DYS defects in 34 of 436 patients (7.8%) (onset age 34 ± 11 years, age range 17 to 54 years); 30 had proven X-linked inheritance. The 2 phenotypes included DCM with mild skeletal myopathy and/or increased serum creatine phosphokinase (n = 28) or DCM only (n = 6). The EMB showed defective dystrophin immunostain. The DYS defects consisted of 21 in-frame deletions and 11 out-of-frame deletions as well as 1 stop and 1 splice-site mutation. During a median follow-up of 60 months (interquartile range: 11.25 to 101.34 months) we observed 17 events, all related to heart failure (HF) (median event-free survival: 83.5 months). Eight patients (23%) underwent transplantation, and 9 (26%) died of HF while waiting for transplantation. Eight patients received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, although none had device intervention during a median follow-up of 14 months (interquartile range: 5 to 25 months). No patient died suddenly, suffered syncope, or developed life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. DYS-related DCM should be suspected in male patients with increased serum creatine phosphokinase (82%) and X-linked inheritance. The disease shows a high risk of end-stage HF but a lower risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Acute Aortic Thrombosis in Antithrombin III Deficiency
Authors: Michael E. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Two cases of acute aortic thrombosis, a previously unreported complication of antithrombin III deficiency, are reported. Both patients had abnormally low antithrombin III levels, which improved to normal levels with warfarin sodium therapy. The possibility of antithrombin III deficiency should be considered in young patients with acute arterial thrombosis. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1759-1761)
In vivo quantification of the structural abnormalities in psoriatic microvessels before and after pulsed dye laser treatment
Authors: S. Hern, A.W.B. Stanton, R.H. Mellor, C.C. Harland, J.R. Levick, P.S. Mortimer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Microvascular abnormalities (capillary elongation, widening and tortuosity) are a characteristic feature of psoriasis and form one of the pathological diagnostic criteria. These changes occur early in the progression of a psoriatic plaque, before there is clinical or histological evidence of epidermal hyperplasia. Treatment of psoriatic microvessels with a pulsed dye laser (PDL) has been associated with both clinical improvement and clearance of lesions. Objectives To quantify the structural vascular abnormalities in plaque skin using noninvasive techniques in vivo. Investigations were carried out before and after PDL treatment to determine the nature of laser‐induced microvascular changes and the relationship between these changes and clinical improvement. Methods Plaque microvessels were visualized using native capillaroscopy. Plaques were then treated three times with the PDL at 14‐day intervals. Native capillaroscopy was repeated at 2 and 6 weeks after the final laser treatment. Images were analysed using a combination of nonstereological and stereological measurements. Results Whole body disease was stable. Treated plaques showed a 48% reduction in plaque severity score (P < 0·01). Native studies showed that the PDL significantly reduced plaque microvessel density (P < 0·05), image area fraction (P < 0·01), microvessel length density (P < 0·01) and vessel image width (P < 0·01). The reduction in plaque severity score (which denoted clinical improvement) was related quantitatively to the reduction in microvessel area per unit area of plaque skin, i.e. the image area fraction (correlation coefficient = 0·772, P < 0·01). The greatest response of plaque microvessels was within 2 weeks after the final laser treatment, while the greatest reduction in plaque severity score occurred between 2 and 6 weeks after the final laser treatment, i.e. clinical improvement was preceded by microvascular improvement. Conclusions These findings indicate that there is a close correlation between the state of the superficial vasculature and the clinical status of psoriasis. The expanded superficial microvascular bed in plaque skin is a necessary component for maintaining clinical lesions and these blood vessels are thus a legitimate target for treatment.
The interleukin-17 pathway is involved in human alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Arnaud Lemmers, Christophe Moreno, Thierry Gustot, Raphaël Maréchal, Delphine Degré, Pieter Demetter, Patricia de Nadai, Albert Geerts, Eric Quertinmont, Vincent Vercruysse, Olivier Le Moine, Jacques Devière
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Immune dysregulations in alcoholic liver diseases are still unclear, especially regarding alcoholic hepatitis inflammatory burst. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is known to enhance neutrophil recruitment. We studied the IL-17 pathway in alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. Patients with alcoholic liver disease were compared with patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or autoimmune liver disease and with healthy controls. IL-17 plasma levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretion were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and T cell phenotype by flow cytometry. IL-17 staining and co-staining with CD3 and myeloperoxidase were performed on liver biopsy specimens. IL-17 receptor expression was studied on liver biopsies and in human hepatic stellate cells as well as their response to recombinant IL-17 by chemotaxis assays. IL-17 plasma levels were dramatically increased in alcoholic liver disease patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with alcoholic liver disease produced higher amounts of IL-17, and their CD4 + T lymphocytes disclosed an IL-17–secreting phenotype. In the liver, IL-17–secreting cells contributed to inflammatory infiltrates in alcoholic cirrhosis, and alcoholic hepatitis foci disclosed many IL-17 + cells, including T lymphocytes and neutrophils. In alcoholic liver disease, liver IL-17 + cells infiltrates correlated to model for end-stage liver disease score, and in alcoholic hepatitis to modified discriminant function. IL-17 receptor was expressed in alcoholic liver disease by hepatic stellate cells, and these cells recruited neutrophils after IL-17 stimulation in a dose-dependent manner through IL-8 and growth related oncogen α (GRO-α) secretion in vitro . Conclusion: Human alcoholic liver disease is characterized by the activation of the IL-17 pathway. In alcoholic hepatitis, liver infiltration with IL-17–secreting cell infiltrates is a key feature that might contribute to liver neutrophil recruitment. (Clinical trials number NCT00610597). (Hepatology 2009;49:646–657.)
PHASE I STUDY OF MULTI-GENE CELL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Paul Michael Grossman, Emile Mohler, Blake J. Roessler, Robert Wilensky, Bruce L. Levine, Edward Y. Woo, Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jacob Schneiderman, Moshe Y. Flugelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
PDX-1/Hes-1 interactions determine cholangiocyte proliferative response to injury in rodents: Possible implications for sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Marco Marzioni, Stefania Saccomanno, Laura Agostinelli, Chiara Rychlicki, Samuele De Minicis, Irene Pierantonelli, Michael Trauner, Peter Fickert, Tobias Müller, Kumar Shanmukhappa, Luciano Trozzi, Cinzia Candelaresi, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Antonio Benedetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Medical Diseases of Infancy and Childhood.
Authors: Dawson Williams
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Puzzle People: Memoirs of a Transplant Surgeon
Authors: Thomas L. Fabry
Journal: JAMA (1993)

"Puzzle people" are those who received transplants of many organs from different donors. But the puzzle man is Dr Starzl, and this book goes a long way to explain not only his complex personality but also the complexities of academic medicine, transplantation, and social history of the 20th century. This hard-to-put-down book is more interesting than a thriller and not so technical that an average reader could not easily follow it. Despite the "memoirs" of the subtitle, the book almost reads as third-person narration. It covers Starzl's life from early childhood, with interesting glimpses of the social history of the Midwest, and his education and maturation to a surgeon of substantial standing. He understates so strongly his position as a transplant surgeon that it is hard to understand how he was trusted with a significant grant that culminated in the perfection of liver transplantation as a routine treatment for end-stage
GMC opposes EU proposal to allow greater freedom of movement for doctors
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Health and social care regulators in the United Kingdom have joined forces to lobby against draft European Union legislation on the recognition of professional qualifications, arguing that the legislation poses a severe threat to the safety of patients.

The new rules are designed to make it easier for various professionals—doctors, midwives, pharmacists, nurses, architects, and others'trained in one EU country to work elsewhere in the union.

Under the proposal, healthcare professionals from one member state would be allowed to practise in another for up to four months a year, every year, without being registered with a regulating authority.

Critics of the scheme maintain this would prevent regulators from taking action against a person if a problem arose in a particular case. Nor would they be able to prevent the professional repeating …
Particulate Matter Exposures, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study
Authors: Robin C. Puett, Jaime E. Hart, Helen Suh, Murray Mittleman, Francine Laden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The association of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes with air pollution exposures has been well established in the literature. The number of studies examining chronic exposures in cohorts is growing, with more recent studies conducted among women finding risk estimates of greater magnitude. Questions remain regarding sex differences in the relationship of chronic particulate matter (PM) exposures with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.
Freeze-dried B.C.G. Vaccine from an Isoniazid-resistant Strain
Authors: J. Ungar, V. Thomas, P. W. Muggleton
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Aims</h3> Protein arginine deiminase (PADs) are a family of enzymes that catalyse the post translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Association between PAD expression with clinicopathology, protein expression and outcome was determined. <h3>Methods</h3> PADI2 and PADI4 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in a cohort of CRC patients. <h3>Results</h3> CRC tissues expressed variable levels of PADI2 which was mainly localised in the cytoplasm and correlated with patient survival (<i>p</i>=0.005); high expression increased survival time from 43.5 to 67.6 months. Expression of cytoplasmic PADI2 correlated with expression of nuclear β catenin, PADI4 and alpha-enolase. In contrast expression of nuclear PADI2 correlated with a decrease in survival (<i>p</i>=0.010), with high expression decreasing survival from 76.4 to 42.9 months. CRC tissues expressed variable levels of PADI4 in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Expression of cytoplasmic PADI4 correlated with survival (<i>p</i>=0.001) with high expression increasing survival time from 48.1 to 71.8 months. Expression of cytoplasmic PADI4 correlated with expression of, nuclear β catenin, alpha-enolase (<i>p</i>≤0.0001, <i>p</i>=0.002) and the apoptotic related protein, Bcl-2. Expression of nuclear PADI4 also correlated with survival (<i>p</i>=0.011) with high expression of nuclear PADI4 increasing survival time from 55.4 to 74 months. Expression of nuclear PADI4 correlated with p53, alpha-enolase and Bcl-2. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage, cytoplasmic PADI2 and PADI4 remained independent prognostic factors in CRC. Both PADI2 and PADI4 are good prognostic factors in CRC. <h3>Conclusions</h3> High expression of cytoplasmic PADI2, PADI4 and nuclear PADI4 were associated with an increase in overall survival.
Landmark perspective: Nitrogen mustard therapy
Authors: E. Freireich
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The beginning of the era of cytotoxic chemotherapy was documented in this signal publication. The title is a concise yet accurate description of the contents of the publication. The trivial name assigned to this chemical —<i>nitrogen mustard</i>—persists today, and the association of the chemical with the word<i>therapy</i>was virtually clairvoyant. The authors report a clinical investigation of only 67 patients. Yet they were able to describe the essential activity of this chemical in the effective palliation of a systemic malignant condition that was resistant to all known methods of treatment. <h3>The Selection of Chemicals for Clinical Trials</h3> The authors point out in this article that the initiation of the first clinical test of chemotherapy early in December 1942 was preceded by extensive investigation of the nature of the interaction of the chemical with other biologic tissues in vitro. These studies included preclinical toxicity study in whole animals
Practical and Research Value of Hepatic-Vein Catheterization
Authors: Carroll M. Leevy, Marvin L. Gliedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

CATHETERIZATION of the hepatic vein in man, which was first described in 1944,1 has provided a new approach to a study of the liver for both the clinician and the research worker. This technic has permitted measurement of hepatic-vein and sinusoidal pressures,2 estimation of hepatic blood flow,3 studies of uptake and turnover of drugs and metabolites4 and retrograde visualization of the venous network of the liver by means of contrast mediums.5 Derived data, correlated with clinical, biochemical and histologic findings, increase diagnostic and therapeutic perspective in patients with liver disorders,6 and have provided much basic information on hepatic metabolism in . . .
Evidence for compensatory upregulation of expressed X-linked genes in mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Xinxian Deng, Joseph B Hiatt, Di Kim Nguyen, Sevinc Ercan, David Sturgill, LaDeana W Hillier, Felix Schlesinger, Carrie A Davis, Valerie J Reinke, Thomas R Gingeras, Jay Shendure, Robert H Waterston, Brian Oliver, Jason D Lieb, Christine M Disteche
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)