tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stringently regulated p23 expression is critical for coordinated movement in mice: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ping Gong, Jelita Roseman, Kulandaivelu S Vetrivel, Vytautas P Bindokas, Lois A Zitzow, Satyabrata Kar, Angèle T Parent, Gopal Thinakaran
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background p23 belongs to the highly conserved p24 family of type I transmembrane proteins, which participate in the bidirectional protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The mammalian p23 has been reported to interact with g-secretase complex, the enzyme responsible for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and other substrates. In cultured cells knockdown of p23 expression increases secretory trafficking as well as g-secretase processing of APP to release higher levels of APP ectodomain and b-amyloid peptides into the medium. Interestingly, in mouse and human brain the steady-state levels of p23 decline during aging. Together, these two lines of evidence suggest that elevation of p23 expression in adult neurons might mitigate cerebral amyloid burden.
Agency aims to inform girls about contraception to promote development
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The International Planned Parenthood Federation has produced a series of short films to highlight a growing consensus that sexual and reproductive choice for girls and young women is the key to progress in the developing world.

The six films, which show teenage girls in different regions making difficult choices about sex and pregnancy, are part of the federation’s Girls Decide project, which aims to give girls support and access to information and services in countries where society disapproves and governments fail to provide.

“These films show women who did not become the …
Hemolytic Anemia With Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia-Reply
Authors: Douglas F. Turtzo
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to the letter of Birrow, Cable, and Klein, we find little basis to their belief that insufficient evidence was provided in our case report to implicate autocold agglutinin hemolysis. We agree that monospecific Coombs' sera were not used. However, the monospecific anti-γ-globulin was not commercially available to our hospital's laboratory in 1973. The patient was first tested on Sept 27, 1973, and a routine antibody screening and direct Coombs' test were performed. The direct Coombs' test was positive ( + 2). The antibody screening was strongly positive at room temperature and decreasing toward the antihuman globulin phase of testing. The patient's cells gave very grainy reactions in the typing, and the proper typings were performed on washed cells from a heparinized sample. Since the antibody screening decreased in strength, another sample was collected and clotted at 4 °C in attempts of absorbing out auto-cold antibody. After one
Combined administration of aspirin and a specific thrombin inhibitor in man.
Authors: R J Clarke, G Mayo, G A FitzGerald, D J Fitzgerald
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Heparin is of limited value as an antithrombotic drug in the presence of platelet activation and residual thrombus. Greater anticoagulant activity can be achieved in vivo with more specific thrombin inhibitors. Heparin may also increase the risk of bleeding by an effect on platelets that is independent of its thrombin inhibitory activity. METHODS AND RESULTS The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of a novel thrombin inhibitor, argatroban, were examined alone and in combination with aspirin in normal male volunteers. Argatroban induced a dose-dependent prolongation of the thrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). aPTT had returned to its pretreatment value 1 hour after stopping the infusion of argatroban. Six male subjects received an infusion of 1 micrograms/kg/min argatroban after the administration of two doses of 162.5 mg aspirin or a matching placebo. At this dose, aspirin decreased serum thromboxane B2 by a mean of 99% and prolonged the bleeding time (230 +/- 52 versus 320 +/- 113 seconds, p less than 0.01). Argatroban given alone increased thrombin time by 454 +/- 18% and aPTT by 160 +/- 3%. Steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved at 1 hour and declined exponentially with an elimination half-life of 24 +/- 4 minutes. Neither the anticoagulant effects nor the plasma concentrations of argatroban were altered by aspirin. Furthermore, argatroban did not increase the bleeding time when given alone and did not further prolong the bleeding time when combined with aspirin. CONCLUSION The combination of aspirin and argatroban may prove to be an effective therapeutic strategy in the prevention of coronary thrombosis.
Intracoronary thrombolysis with an acylated streptokinase-plasminogen activator (BRL 26921) in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wolfgang Kasper, Raimund Erbel, Thomas Meinertz, Michael Drexler, Andreas Rückel, Tiberius Pop, Winfried Prellwitz, Jürgen Meyer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Virus activation by vitamin A and NO2 gas exposures in hamsters.
Authors: J C Kim
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Hamsters exposed to 10 ppm NO2 for 5 hr once a week for 4 weeks while undergoing acute vitamin A deficiency showed much reduced epithelial cell regeneration in the terminal bronchioles. Quantitative analysis done by autoradiography and scintillation counting from lung tissues indicates much reduced cell kinetics occurring in terminal bronchiolar alveolar region. Alveolar necrosis was often observed and no type II cell reversion occurred. Virus particles were found within the alveolar epithelial plasma membrane.
Haplotype-resolved whole-genome sequencing by contiguity-preserving transposition and combinatorial indexing
Authors: Sasan Amini, Dmitry Pushkarev, Lena Christiansen, Emrah Kostem, Tom Royce, Casey Turk, Natasha Pignatelli, Andrew Adey, Jacob O Kitzman, Kandaswamy Vijayan, Mostafa Ronaghi, Jay Shendure, Kevin L Gunderson, Frank J Steemers
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Waterpipe tobacco smoking may undermine the progress made in curbing cigarette smoking
Authors: M. Jawad, C. Millett
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The recent news report highlights how hookah pipes may serve as a gateway to cigarette smoking.1 Longitudinal studies among adolescents in Denmark and Jordan came to similar conclusions.2 3 Compared with other nicotine containing products, such as smokeless tobacco and electronic cigarettes, the gateway hypothesis for waterpipes seems to be a largely undisputed public …
Paediatric oncology information pack for general practitioners
Authors: J A James, D J Harris, M G Mott, A Oakhill
Journal: BMJ (1988)

An information pack covering important aspects of paediatric oncology has been developed for general practitioners. Sixty general practitioners who received the information pack found that it helped them in managing children with neoplastic disease and their families. The pack has also improved communications between the oncology unit and general practitioners. Similar packs could be produced by paediatricians working in other specialties.
Cardiac Defibrillation by Ambulance Attendants
Authors: Leonard B. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Defibrillation by ambulance attendants was the goal of the Oregon Coronary Ambulance Project organized in 1969 by the Oregon State Board of Health in cooperation with a private ambulance company, a community hospital, and the county medical society. Highly motivated ambulance personnel were trained so that they achieved a high degree of accuracy in the interpretation of life-threatening electrocardiographic arrhythmias, and by persistent vigorous cardiopulmonary resuscitation combined with defibrillation were able to salvage seven out of 14 patients, without telemetry, all of whom were subsequently discharged from the hospital. The feasibility of incorporating this service on a practical basis into the community medical system with conservation of medical manpower and at a low cost to the patient was demonstrated.
Clinical Trials and Statistical Verdicts: Probable Grounds for Appeal
Authors: GEORGE A. DIAMOND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Conventional interpretation of clinical trials relies heavily on the classic p value. The p value, however, represents only a false-positive rate, and does not tell the probability that the investigator's hypothesis is correct, given his observations. This more relevant posterior probability can be quantified by an extension of Bayes' theorem to the analysis of statistical tests, in a manner similar to that already widely used for diagnostic tests. Reanalysis of several published clinical trials according to Bayes' theorem shows several important limitations of classic statistical analysis. Classic analysis is most misleading when the hypothesis in question is already unlikely to be true, when the baseline event rate is low, or when the observed differences are small. In such cases, false-positive and false-negative conclusions occur frequently, even when the study is large, when interpretation is based solely on the p value. These errors can be minimized if revised policies for analysis and reporting of clinical trials are adopted that overcome the known limitations of classic statistical theory with applicable bayesian conventions.
THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN ORGANIC SUBSTANCES ON THE GROWTH OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS
Authors: Paul A. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

The power of a large number of aniline dyes to restrain the growth of Bacillus tuberculosis and Bacillus typhosus has been determined. Many substances have been found with especial restraining power for the tubercle bacillus under the conditions of the test. This capacity to restrain growth in the case of the tubercle bacillus apparently bears no simple relation to true disinfectant action. Opinion as to whether the active substances exert a truly specific activity against the tubercle bacillus or whether the activity is determined by the peculiar conditions imposed by the growth of this bacterium as a surface membrane are left for future consideration.
Identification of HRPAP20
Authors: Cristina M. Karp, Huiqui Pan, Mingyu Zhang, Donna J. Buckley, Linda A. Schuler, Arthur R. Buckley
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The prolactin (PRL)-dependent rat Nb2 T lymphoma is a valuable model for investigation of molecular mechanisms that underlie tumor progression in hormone-dependent cancers. mRNA differential display was used to screen for novel gene products expressed in hormone-stimulated or differentiating agent-treated Nb2 sublines. From numerous transcripts identified, DNA sequencing and GenBank analysis revealed a novel 289-bp fragment. Using 5′-rapid amplification of complementary ends-PCR, this fragment was used to clone a unique 2117-bp cDNA, designated HRPAP20 (hormone-regulated proliferation-associated protein), in rat lymphoma cells. Computer-assisted sequence analysis revealed a single open reading frame that encoded a putative 20.2-kDa protein. The effect of hormone stimulation to alter expression of HRPAP20 was evaluated by Northern blot analysis of total RNA obtained from PRL-stimulated, lactogen-dependent Nb2-11 cells. Quiescent cells, synchronized in the G0-G1 phase of cell cycle, exhibited reduced HRPAP20 expression compared with exponentially proliferating cultures. The addition of mitogenic concentrations of PRL to stationary cells increased HRPAP20 mRNA accumulation within 4–6 h, corresponding to G1 cell cycle progression. Immunoblot analysis showed that PRL also increased HRPAP20 protein levels within 4 h. In addition, PRL stimulated serine phosphorylation of the HRPAP20 protein with a similar kinetic pattern. Stable transfection of the HRPAP20 cDNA into Nb2-11 cells significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.01) increased proliferation in the absence of hormonal stimulation and inhibited apoptosis induced by lactogen deprivation (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In the hormone-independent and highly malignant Nb2-SFJCD1 subline, the constitutive expression of HRPAP20 was markedly reduced by exposure of the cells to dietary differentiating agents (butyrate, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3). After removal of these substances, PRL stimulated its expression in a manner similar to that observed in PRL-dependent Nb2-11 cells. HRPAP20 expression was also evaluated in MCF-7 cells. Its expression was detectable in quiescent cultures; addition of PRL significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) increased HRPAP20 during G1 cell cycle progression. Exposure of the cells to butyrate or retinoic acid reduced HRPAP20 expression, similar to the effects of these substances in the malignant rat lymphoma. Stable transfection of HRPAP20 into MCF-7 cells significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.006) increased proliferation in the absence of hormone stimulation and augmented survival in the absence of serum (P &amp;lt; 0.05). We conclude that HRPAP20 is a phosphoprotein that is required for proliferation and survival of hormone-dependent tumor cells.
Initial results of a new access device for hemodialysis: Technical Note
Authors: Nathan W. Levin, Paul M. Yang, David A. Hatch, Alan J. Dubrow, Nicolae S. Caraiani, Todd S. Ing, Vasant C. Gandhi, Althea Alto, Sylvia M. Davila, Frank R. Prosl, Hans D. Polaschegg, Joseph Megerman
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Arginine–aminopeptidase in rat cardiac fibroblastic cells participates in angiotensin peptide turnover
Authors: V Petrov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the presence in rat cardiac fibroblastic cells of arginine-aminopeptidase and its involvement in the hydrolysis of angiotensin peptides.Peptidase activity was measured as hydrolysis of the synthetic substrates, aryl-p-nitroanilides. Immunoblottings were performed with antibodies to aminopeptidase B and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.Arginine-aminopeptidase found in cardiac fibroblasts (Fb) was arginine and lysine specific, sensitive to various aminopeptidase (AP) inhibitors and to the inhibitor of metalloproteases, 1.10-phenatroline. Experiments with arphamenine A, a specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B, have shown the presence of two Arginine-aminopeptidase activities: arphamenine-sensitive: chloride-stimulated Arginine-aminopeptidase, and arphamenine-insensitive: chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase. Transforming growth factor-beta1 stimulated both Arginine-aminopeptidase activities by approximately threefold. Immunoblot with an antibody specific to rat aminopeptidase B has revealed that arphamenine-sensitive: chloride stimulated aminopeptidase is aminopeptidase B. Arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrolysis was significantly inhibited by angiotensin peptides such as angiotensin (1-10), (1-8), (1-7), (1-4), (5-8), (4-8), (3-8), and (2-8) at the concentration of 50 micromol/l which was fourfold less than the Arginine-p-nitroanilide concentration.Our data show that chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase could contribute to the hydrolysis of all studied angiotensin peptides in concert with other peptidases present in fibroblasts. Some of the peptides could probably not be hydrolyzed by Arginine-aminopeptidase. Instead, they could be first hydrolyzed by another peptidase in fibroblasts and the product of this hydrolysis could be a substrate for Arginine-aminopeptidase. The data obtained suggest that Arginine-aminopeptidase could perform processing of angiotensin peptides in the myocardium and participate in processes regulated by angiotensins such as fibrosis.
Corticosteroid Therapy in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Shanthi Paramothayan, Paul W. Jones
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Corticosteroids are used in pulmonary sarcoidosis to reduce symptoms and minimize long-term damage. Spontaneous recovery is a common feature. Both the decision to initiate therapy and the treatment response may be influenced by disease severity, so trials need to use a randomized controlled design.To assess the effect of oral and inhaled corticosteroids on chest radiograph results, symptoms, pulmonary function, and long-term outcome in pulmonary sarcoidosis.MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched all years through December 2001. Bibliographies of review articles and retrieved articles were searched, and pharmaceutical companies and authors of identified trials were contacted for other studies. There was no language restriction.Trials were randomized and included a control group. Participants were adults with histologic evidence of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Treatments included the use of oral and inhaled corticosteroids for at least 8 weeks. The search identified 150 studies; 9 met the inclusion criteria, but only 8 provided usable data.Two reviewers assessed trial quality using the Jadad score, which evaluates the quality of randomization, blinding, and reasons for withdrawal. Data were extracted and sent to primary authors for verification.In patients with stage 2 and 3 disease, oral corticosteroids improved findings on the chest radiograph after 6 to 24 months (Peto odds ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-3.81; P<.001). Forced vital capacity improved with oral corticosteroids (weighted mean difference [WMD], 4.2% predicted; 95% CI, 0.4%-7.9% predicted) and diffusing capacity also improved (WMD, 5.7% predicted; 95% CI, 1.0%-10.5% predicted). In 2 small studies of inhaled corticosteroids, there was no effect on chest radiograph and inconsistent effects on lung function in one and only a small improvement in symptoms in the other. There were no data following corticosteroid withdrawal to assess any disease-modifying effect.Oral corticosteroids improved results on the chest radiograph following 6 to 24 months of treatment and produced a small improvement in vital capacity and diffusing capacity. Trials of inhaled corticosteroids were small and results too inconsistent to make firm conclusions concerning their efficacy. There are no data to suggest that corticosteroid therapy alters long-term disease progression.
910-18-Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Aortic Stenosis and Low Transvalvular Gradient
Authors: Heidi M. Connolly, Jae K. Oh, Veronique L. Roger, Thomas A. Orszulak, Sara L. Osborn, David O. Hodge, A. Jamll Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Changes in immune function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis following treatment with sodium aurothiomalate.
Authors: J Highton, G.S Panayi, P Shepherd, J Griffin, T Gibson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The mitogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis to concanavalin-A (con--A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was significantly lower than in 30 normal subjects. After 15--24 weeks' treatment with sodium aurothiomalate (GST) the response to these mitogens rose to within the normal range. Improvement over pretreatment values was significant for con-A and PWM measured as area under the dose response curve but only for con--A if response at optimal mitogen concentration is the sole criterion. The improvement in PHA response was not significant with either method of measurement. There was an improvement in disease activity by 15--24 weeks as measured by a fall in serum C-reactive protein (CRP), IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), Clq binding activity (ClqBA), and Ritchie articular index. Con--A lymphocyte responsiveness was inversely related to serum CRP levels, but measurements of disease activity were otherwise unrelated to lymphocyte mitogen responsiveness. The observed improvement in peripheral blood lymphocyte responsiveness during gold treatment contrasts with the suppressive effect of gold in vitro. We suggest that the improvement in lymphocyte function is due to the lessening of rheumatoid disease activity during gold treatment, and that the low serum gold levels in our patients were insufficient to mask this effect. Sera from some of our patients were capable of suppressing the function of normal lymphocytes, and this was less apparent after treatment. The suppressive effect of sera correlated with ClqBA. Suppressive factors in serum, including possibly immune complexes, may be one factor leading to suppression of lymphocyte function during rheumatoid arthritis. Such an inverse relationship between humoral and cellular immune mechanisms might influence the clinical expression of rheumatoid arthritis.
Use of a telephone advise line in an accident and emergency department
Authors: C V Egleston, H C Kelly, A R Cope
Journal: BMJ (1994)

example, it had the third highest donation rate in the 16 regions of the United Kingdom.5Although nearly 300 000 people have registered, this represents just 14% of the adult populatation and is somewhat less than the proportion (20%) of people who carry donor cards in the United Kingdom.The recording of attitudes to blood donation has been more successful.Most registrants agreed to be blood donors.In 1992In , 2176 names were offered to the blood transfusion service, which subsequently obtained 2181 extra units ofblood.Over the next 10 years the donor registry is likely to enlarge by another 150 000 names.At present, how- ever, it is too small to have a substantial effect on the numbers of donors.
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Authors: M. A. J. MANDL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A case is reported of a 24-year-old man who presented with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. The additional features associated with this entity since its original description are reviewed and the necessity for enlarging the concepts of the syndrome discussed. It is felt that the present case further enlarges the spectrum of disease seen in these patients. In addition, further evidence of the nature of at least one involved immunologic deficit is presented. It appears that the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome represents a situation in which cellular mechanisms are impaired in varying degree while the immunoglobulin system is intact or only slightly abnormal.
Nephro-urological complications of epidermolysis bullosa in paediatric patients
Authors: S.M.H. Chan, M.J. Dillon, P.G. Duffy, D.J. Atherton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Nephro‐urological complications of epidermolysis bullosa in paediatric patients Get access S.M.H. Chan, S.M.H. Chan Departments of Dermatology, Nephrology E‐mail: s.chan@ich.ucl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Dillon, M.J. Dillon Departments of Dermatology, Nephrology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.G. Duffy, P.G. Duffy Urology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Atherton D.J. Atherton Departments of Dermatology, Nephrology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 1, 1 January 2007, Pages 143–147, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07516.x Published: 01 January 2007
Primary Ureteral Carcinoma
Authors: Joseph R. Oldford
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Primary ureteral tumors are uncommon or infrequent, but can no longer be considered the rare clinical entities they were formerly thought to be. Improved diagnostic techniques and an awareness on the part of the physician are the most important factors contributing to the increased reports of primary ureteral tumors in the literature.  A case of primary ureteral carcinoma will be presented, in addition to a brief review of the salient features of this disease entity.  History and Nature  Rayer was the first to report a case, in 1842. In 1878, Wising and Blix confirmed their case by microscopic sections. The first case diagnosed prior to surgery was credited to Albarran in 1902. Since that time, numerous cases have been collected from the literature. The most extensive recent review of the literature was done by Abeshouse in 1956,1at which time he collected 197 cases and added 12 of his