tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P1 An analysis of 8,503 cases of mesothelioma from the National Lung Cancer Audit: Abstract P1 Table 1.
Authors: P Beckett, I Woolhouse, R Stanley, D Fennell, J Edwards, R Hubbard, MD Peake
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The National Lung Cancer Audit records outcomes in lung cancer and mesothelioma on a population scale, in order to explain the wide variations seen within the UK and between the UK and other countries and ultimately improving outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> All cases of mesothelioma submitted to the audit by English Trusts 2006–2011 were analysed. A hierarchy of diagnosis from surgical histology to non-surgical histology to clinical diagnosis was used to exclude patients with potentially conflicting diagnoses. These records were further analysed to extract data on age/sex distribution, referral source, histological subtype, treatment regime and survival rates. <h3>Results</h3> There were 8,503 patients with mean age 72yrs (83% male), representing around 65% of expected incident cases (a substantial number diagnosed at autopsy and not included in the audit). 45% have right-sided disease, 28% left-sided, and 1% bilateral (data missing in 26%). The majority of patients (47%) were referred by their primary care physician, but at least 20% present to secondary care as emergencies. Overall, 89% were histo-cytologically confirmed with that figure appearing to rise slowly over the audit period from 81% (2006) to 92% (2011). Survival data is shown in the table. 37% of patients received no anti-cancer treatment, but 28%, 26% and 30% of patients received “surgery”, chemotherapy or radiotherapy at any time. Most surgical operations (60%) were pleurodesis. Median survival varied by first treatment modality: surgery 378 days, chemotherapy 399 days, radiotherapy 308 days, no anti-cancer treatment 140 days. Survival was highest in patients having “surgery” and chemotherapy (491 days). Use of chemotherapy varied across cancer networks from 14% to 41% of patients, but overall increased over the audit period from 13% to 34%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Mesothelioma is predominantly a cancer of elderly males, with a striking tendency for right-sided disease. Only 11% have no histological confirmation, but where this is obtained, the epithelioid subtype has best prognosis. Low rates of anti-cancer treatment may reflect therapeutic nihilism as well as patient fitness, but there is an encouraging trend towards wider use of chemotherapy which was associated with a greater than doubling in survival compared with no treatment.
Radiological Imaging and Gastrointestinal Tonometry Add Value in Diagnosis of Chronic Gastrointestinal Ischemia
Authors: Aria Sana, Yvonne Vergouwe, Désirée van Noord, Leon M.G. Moons, Peter M.T. Pattynama, Hence J.M. Verhagen, Ernst J. Kuipers, Peter B.F. Mensink
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Registered Nurses' Knowledge About Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sandra D Scheiderich, Carol N FreiBaum, Leona M Peterson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Level of knowledge was tested in 137 volunteer registered nurses in three hospitals in the Midwest. A 34-item multiple choice Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) was developed by the first author (S.D.S.) working with a panel of expert nurse diabetes educators. Reliability using coefficient alpha was 0.61. Staff nurses obtained a meanvscore of 25.3, or 74% correct. Thirty-four nurses (25%) scored above 80% correct; 62 (45%) scored between 70% and 79% correct; and 41 (30%) scored below 70% correct. Higher-scoring nurses did well on items requiring use of exchange lists, but they missed items on physiologic actions of insulin, side effects of sulfonylureas, where insulin should be stored, and areas of the body suitable for injections of insulin. Nurses who scored below 60% on the test consistently missed items requiring use of exchange lists, effects of regular exercise and illness on blood glucose, and symptoms and causes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. A strong trend (P = 0.055) was found for surgical nurses to score lower than medical unit nurses, and significant differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) were found among scores between hospitals. Staff nurses employed in a hospital where clinical specialists also were employed to teach diabetic patients had the lowest scores of the three hospitals. Test content subareas should be developed in the future to test knowledge reliably about urine testing, use of oral medications, home blood glucose monitoring, effects of exercise, and Somogyi phenomenon. A curriculum for regular inservice should be developed for nurses to assure a high level of knowledge for patient teaching with diabetes patients.
Improved Survival after Colorectal Cancer in Patients Complying with a Postoperative Endoscopic Surveillance Program
Authors: V. F. Eckardt, H. Stamm, G. Kanzler, G. Bernhard
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

This study investigates whether compliance with a postoperative surveillance program in patients with surgically treated colorectal cancer leads to prolongation of life. The clinical course of 212 patients who had undergone curative resections for colorectal cancer was monitored for at least five years. Eighty-eight patients adhered strictly to a rigid endoscopic surveillance program, and 124 did not. Tumor recurrences occurred in 10 % of compliant and 14 % of noncompliant patients. Patients with asymptomatic tumor recurrences survived significantly longer (p < 0.05; five-year actuarial survival: 42 %) than those who were symptomatic (five-year actuarial survival: 8 %). The overall survival rate was significantly higher (p < 0.0002) in compliant patients (five-year actuarial survival: 80 %) than in noncompliant patients (five-year actuarial survival: 59 %). Noncompliance increased the risk of early death by a factor of 2.5 (95 % CI = 1.5; 4.2). It is concluded that postoperative endoscopic surveillance leads to early tumor detection, and is associated with an improvement in survival in patients with colorectal cancer.
Complement-independent Ab-induced peroxide lysis of platelets requires 12-lipoxygenase and a platelet NADPH oxidase pathway
Authors: Michael Nardi, Steven J. Feinmark, Liang Hu, Zongdong Li, Simon Karpatkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Antiplatelet GPIIIa49–66 Ab of HIV-related thrombocytopenic patients induces thrombocytopenia and platelet fragmentation by the generation of peroxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we report the presence of a functional platelet NADPH oxidase pathway that requires activation by the platelet 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway to fragment platelets. A new Ab-mediated mechanism is described in which the platelet 12-LO product, 12(S)-HETE activates the NADPH oxidase pathway to generate ROS.
Pulmonary Evaluation and Risk in Patient Preparation for Anesthesia and Surgery
Authors: George R. Meneely
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Postoperative pulmonary complications still occur with significant frequency, causing 13%-25% of all postoperative deaths. The likelihood of pulmonary complications is greater following abdominal procedures and prolonged periods of anesthesia and sedation, but is seemingly unrelated to the type of anesthesia employed or the route of administration. An acute respiratory infection is a contraindication to surgery except under the most emergent conditions. Detection of the presence of chronic bronchopulmonary disease may be difficult but usually is possible if the symptoms of cough, sputum, and breathlessness are sought and evaluated. In patients who demonstrate clinically some pulmonary abnormality, the use of simple pulmonary function tests is quite helpful in evaluating both the physiologic nature and the severity of the disease.
Evidence of Small-Bowel Involvement in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: a Capsule-Endoscopic Study
Authors: M. Ingrosso, C. Sabbà, A. Pisani, M. Principi, M. Gallitelli, A. Cirulli, A. Francavilla
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant vascular disorder leading to telangiectases and arteriovenous malformations of the skin, mucosa, and viscera. Telangiectases in the upper gastrointestinal tract are known, but data regarding possible small-bowel involvement are scarce due to the technical difficulty of exploring the entire gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to use capsule endoscopy (CE) to determine the prevalence of small-bowel telangiectases in HHT patients. Patients and Methods: From December 2001 to September 2002, 20 consecutive adult HHT patients at an interdepartmental HHT center were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) followed by CE within 24 h. The telangiectases were scored according to commonly accepted criteria by two endoscopists and two observers of the video-capsule images, who were blinded to each other's findings.
Enhanced Factor VIII Heavy Chain for Gene Therapy of Hemophilia A
Authors: Lingxia Chen, Hui Lu, Jinhui Wang, Rita Sarkar, Xiao Yang, Hongli Wang, Katherine A High, Weidong Xiao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Hemophilia A gene therapy using recombinant adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) vectors has been hampered by the size of the factor VIII (FVIII) cDNA. Previously, splitting the FVIII coding sequence into a heavy-chain (HC) fragment and a light-chain (LC) fragment for dual recombinant AAV vector delivery has been successfully explored. However, the main disadvantage of this approach is a "chain imbalance" problem in which LC secretion is approximately 1-2 logs higher than that of HC, and therefore, the majority of protein synthesized is nonfunctional. To improve HC secretion, we constructed alternate FVIII HCs based on our observation that LC facilitates HC secretion. To our surprise, most of the new HC molecules exhibited enhanced expression over the traditional HC molecule (HC(745)). The optimized HC mutein, HC(HL), including additional acidic-region-3 (ar3) sequences, exhibited three- to fivefold higher activity in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay in in vitro testing. Further characterization suggested ar3 sequences increased HC secretion, rather than promoting HC synthesis. Intravenous delivery of AAV8-HC(HL)+AAV8-LC or AAV8-HC(745)+AAV8-LC achieved phenotypic correction in hemophilia A mice. Mice receiving AAV8-HC(HL)+AAV8-LC achieved three- to fourfold higher HC expression than AAV8-HC(745)+AAV8-LC, consistent with the FVIII functional assays. HC(HL) should be substituted for HC(745) in a dual AAV vector strategy due to its enhanced expression.
Screening for alcohol abuse in pregnancy.
Authors: I G Barrison, J T Wright, B Sampson, N F Morris, I M Murray-Lyon
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Although mid-arm circumference has been mainly used for nutritional assessment among children,2 3 it has been used in adults to assess dietary treatment with favourable results.5 Mid-arm circumference is simple to measure, and we believe it is a useful measurement in identifying a group of patients with Crohn's disease who are at risk of malnutrition and would benefit from more detailed nutritional assessment.
Scintimetric assessment of synovitis activity during treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Authors: N Olsen, P Halberg, O Halskov, M W Bentzon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

In a double blind trial of 36 patients with rheumatoid arthritis a new scintimetric method was applied to three comparable patient groups before and after eight months9 treatment with levamisole, penicillamine, or azathioprine. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy of both hands was performed on a gammacamera with a computer attached, immediately after the administration of the tracer. The uptake ratio of each proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and the mid-half of the adjacent proximal phalanx was calculated from the activity counted for one minute. A scintimetric index was expressed as the sum of eight uptake ratios. This index was higher for each of the three patient groups before start of treatment than that for 10 age matched controls. After eight months of treatment the index, the number of PIP joints with clinical signs of synovitis, and the total circumference of the PIP joints decreased in the penicillamine and azathioprine groups. The scintimetric method reliably reflected local synovitis activity and its changes but, like grip strength and PIP circumference, was not a representative measure of the overall activity of the disease.
Acarbose in the Treatment of Type I Diabetes
Authors: Priscilla Hollander, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Robert F Coniff
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE This 36-week multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of acarbose, administered in conjunction with diet and insulin therapy, for the treatment of patients with type I diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Acarbose was administered using a forced titration protocol in dosages ranging from 50 to 300 mg t.i.d. RESULTS Treatment with acarbose was associated with a mean reduction in postprandial glucose levels (60 min after the administration of a test meal) of 59 mg/dl and a mean reduction in HbA1c levels of 0.48%. There was no difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between treatment groups. Gastrointestinal events, including flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, were reported more frequently in acarbose-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Acarbose was found to be a safe and effective agent, when used in combination with diet and insulin therapy, for the treatment of type I diabetes.
Effect of ultrasound on transdermal drug delivery to rats and guinea pigs.
Authors: D Levy, J Kost, Y Meshulam, R Langer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The effect of therapeutic range ultrasound (1 MHz) on skin permeation of D-mannitol, a highly polar sugar alcohol, inulin, a high molecular weight polysaccharide and physostigmine, a lipophilic anticholinesterase drug was studied in rats and guinea pigs. D-Mannitol and inulin are totally and rapidly excreted, once they have penetrated through the skin into the blood stream, permitting direct in vivo monitoring. For evaluating skin penetration of physostigmine the decrease of whole blood cholinesterase was measured. Ultrasound nearly completely eliminated the lag time usually associated with transdermal delivery of drugs. 3-5 min of ultrasound irradiation (1.5 W/cm2 continuous wave or 3 W/cm2 pulsed wave) increased the transdermal permeation of inulin and mannitol in rats by 5-20-fold within 1-2 h following ultrasound application. Ultrasound treatment also significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the inhibition of cholinesterase during the first hour after application in both physostigmine treated rats and guinea pigs: while in control guinea pigs no significant inhibition of cholinesterase could be detected during the first 2 h after application of physostigmine, the ultrasound treated group showed a 15 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) decrease in blood cholinesterase 1 h after ultrasound application. For physostigmine-treated rats the level of cholinesterase inhibition 1 h after ultrasound application was 53 +/- 5% in the ultrasound-treated group and 35 +/- 5% in the controls.
Mental disorders in young and middle aged men who commit suicide
Authors: E. Isometsa, M. Henriksson, M. Marttunen, M. Heikkinen, H. Aro, K. Kuoppasalmi, J. Lonnqvist
Journal: BMJ (1995)

CommentConcerns over the growing number of older children susceptible to measles have prompted the recent nationwide school immunisation campaign.
Gene profiling of CD11b+ and CD11b− B1 cell subsets reveals potential cell sorting artifacts
Authors: Claude-Agnès Reynaud, Jean-Claude Weill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

In a recent issue of The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Griffin and Rothstein described two subsets within the human B1 cell compartment: a major CD11b  subset (9/10th of the population) and a minor CD11b + subset (1/10th of the population), with the latter being increased in lupus (Griffin and Rothstein, 2011).Griffin and Rothstein (2011) analyzed these two B1 cell subsets using gene profiling and compared these gene profiles with those of naive and memory blood B cells.A heat map is shown in Fig. 2 of their paper.This figure highlights a distinct expression profile for each of the CD11b + and CD11b  subsets compared with naive and memory B cells.Using the data deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information GEO database (GSE29717), we performed the same comparison and found that the gene profile of each of these subsets argues in favor of a different conclusion.For CD11b  B1 cells, the 50 most discriminating genes (comparing this subset to CD11b + B1 cells, naive cells, and memory B cells) include those encoding CD8; CD3; CD3; CD2; CD5; CD7; CD96; LAT; MAL; granzymes A, B, H, and K; and granulolysin (Fig. 1 A).This profile resembles that of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells.This subset also expresses CD19, CD22, and other B cell markers, which does not discriminate them from naive and memory B cells.Thus CD11b  B1 cells most likely consist of CD8 + T cell-B cell doublets.For CD11b + B1 cells, overexpressed genes include those encoding SIRP, CD33, CD68, CD163, CD302, IL-1, APRIL (TNFSF13), and CD14 (Fig. 1 B).These genes correspond to a myeloid profile.Underexpressed genes include those encoding CD79A and CD79B, and other B cell markers, including TACI,
Lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes in patients with hodgkin's disease
Authors: Dorothea Kingreen, Bakul I. Dalal, Meyer Heyman, Gordon L. Phillips, Doug Horsman, Pamela Kidd, Thomas P. Loughran
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Clonal disorders of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) of either CD3- (NK cell) or CD 3+ (T-cell) phenotype have been described. B-cell malignancies such as hairy cell leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been observed in association with the T-cell type of LGL leukemia. Here we report the occurrence of LGL lymphocytosis in four patients with Hodgkin's disease. Immunophenotyping studies showed that these LGL were CD 3- in three patients and CD3+ in the other. LGL were polyclonally expanded in both patients in whom clonality could be assessed.
The effect of calcium on gastric acid and gastrin secretion in antrectomized subjects
Authors: J. Christiansen, J. F. Rehfeld, F. Stadil
Journal: Gut (1974)

Serum gastrin concentrations and gastric acid secretion were measured in nine antrectomized subjects during infusion of saline and calcium gluconate. The basal gastrin level was of the same magnitude as in normal individuals and unoperated duodenal ulcer patients. Calcium infusion only induced gastrin release in one patient and did not induce acid secretion in any of the patients.
Smoking Cessation Trials Targeted to Racial and Economic Minority Groups
Authors: Neal L. Benowitz
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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Epigenetic Inactivation of a Cluster of Genes Flanking <i>MLH1</i> in Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Megan P. Hitchins, Vita Ap Lin, Andrew Buckle, Kayfong Cheong, Nimita Halani, Su Ku, Chau-To Kwok, Deborah Packham, Catherine M. Suter, Alan Meagher, Clare Stirzaker, Susan Clark, Nicholas J. Hawkins, Robyn L. Ward
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Biallelic promoter methylation and transcriptional silencing of the MLH1 gene occurs in the majority of sporadic colorectal cancers exhibiting microsatellite instability due to defective DNA mismatch repair. Long-range epigenetic silencing of contiguous genes has been found on chromosome 2q14 in colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that epigenetic silencing of MLH1 could occur on a regional scale affecting additional genes within 3p22, rather than as a focal event. We studied the levels of CpG island methylation and expression of multiple contiguous genes across a 4 Mb segment of 3p22 including MLH1 in microsatellite-unstable and -stable cancers, and their paired normal colonic mucosa. We found concordant CpG island hypermethylation, H3-K9 dimethylation and transcriptional silencing of MLH1 and multiple flanking genes spanning up to 2.4 Mb in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers. This region was interspersed with unmethylated genes, which were also transcriptionally repressed. Expression of both methylated and unmethylated genes was reactivated by methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors in a microsatellite-unstable colorectal carcinoma cell line. Two genes at the telomeric end of the region were also hypermethylated in microsatellite-stable cancers, adenomas, and at low levels in normal colonic mucosa from older individuals. Thus, the cluster of genes flanking MLH1 that was specifically methylated in the microsatellite-unstable group of cancers extended across 1.1 Mb. Our results show that coordinate epigenetic silencing extends across a large chromosomal region encompassing MLH1 in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers. Simultaneous epigenetic silencing of this cluster of 3p22 genes may contribute to the development or progression of this type of cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9107–16]
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome Due to Occult Bronchial Carcinoid
Authors: Salvatore Maria Corsello, Danilo Fintini, Rosa Maria Lovicu, Rosa Maria Paragliola, Vittoria Rufini, Giovanni Simonetti, Alfredo Pontecorvi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Cushing syndrome (CS) is certainly one of the most challenging endocrine disorders. The greatest problem involves the differentiation between Cushing disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome. We report a patient with ACTH-dependent CS who elsewhere underwent unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery for a pituitary microadenoma. In our institution, high resolution CT didn't show any chest tumor but laboratory data were consistent with ectopic ACTH secretion. Only In-111 Octreoscan, integrated with SPECT-CT and virtual bronchoscopy, allowed the diagnosis of ectopic Cushing syndrome due to occult bronchial carcinoid. Successful surgery was then performed.