tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histamine-2-receptor antagonists in gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Authors: D G Colin-Jones
Journal: Gut (1989)

Leading articleHistamine-2-receptor antagonists in gastro-oesophageal reflux While the widespread use of histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RA) in reflux oesophagitis can be justified by the results of clinical trials, they are not effective in all cases.Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GOR) results from prolonged contact time of refluxed noxious agents (especially acid) with the mucosal surface cells in the distal oesophagus.It may also result from impaired mucosal defences such as alteration in the mucus layer.Prolonged contact because of poor oesophageal clearance is also a factor in some cases, notably systemic sclerosis.The frequency and volume of refluxed fluid is important, being determined by gastric contents and the competence of the anti-reflux mechanism.Finally the composition of the refluxate is central, especially the concentration of gastric acid, possibly with pepsin and bile influencing its damaging effect.H2RAs can only reduce the concentration of acid and possibly the volume of fluid that refluxes.This may be sufficient to induce symptomatic relief and promote healing, especially in the milder cases, but as only one of several factors responsible for GOR is affected by H2RAs, it is not surprising that not all cases respond.This review examines the role of H2RAs in reflux oesophagitis at a time when newer treatments enable the clinician to manipulate gastric acidity and upper gastrointestinal motility more effectively.Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is the most common endoscopic finding -22% of new referrals in one district.'Even that figure is an underestimate of the frequency of GOR since many patients are treated by self medication or symptomatically by their general practitioners.Further- more abnormal reflux may occur without focal oesophagitis.'Gastro- oesophageal reflux is puzzling in many ways.Severe oesophagitis and even ulcers may be present with virtually no symptoms, and conversely, no focal lesion in the presence of severe pain.One heading for such a wide spectrum of disease is probably appropriate because of the common underlying mechanisms, but when assessing therapy for GOR this wide range of severity must be considered.Clinical trials of treatment in GOR usually specify the severity of oesophagitis, but not always using an internationally agreed grading.The severity of oesophagitis must be classified as objectively as possible.The Table summarises a recommended adaptation of the grading of Savary and Miller' for endoscopic appearances.Continuous pH monitoring may be required in the future to provide additional objective data.Several drugs including antacids have been assessed in the treatment of 1305
Medical Student Abuse
Authors: Stanley E. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  Rosenberg and Silver1discuss the problem of verbal abuse in medical education. As a psychiatric educator, I agree that verbal abuse demeans and demoralizes medical students and undermines their self-esteem and effectiveness.  Other stresses may also impair medical students' health and learning. Verbal abuse may be just the tip of the iceberg—an educational system that injuriously exploits clinical trainees. Training schedules routinely deprive medical students and residents of the time they need for sleep, exercise, and social relationships. Trainees are often required to remain awake for 36-hour shifts and to work more than 100 hr/wk. Much of the work, such as running errands and holding retractors, may have little to do with learning medicine. Already heavily indebted, many trainees feel obligated to meet graduation requirements to be able to work and repay their loans. These stresses fatigue, frustrate, and depress many students. In this context of
Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infectionsof the skin: Tinea capitis and tinea barbae
Authors: Lynn A. Drake, Scott M. Dinehart, Evan R. Farmer, Robert W. Goltz, Gloria F. Graham, Maria K. Hordinsky, Charles W. Lewis, David M. Pariser, John W. Skouge, Stephen B. Webster, Duane C. Whitaker, Barbara Butler, Barbara J. Lowery, Boni E. Elewski, Mervyn L. Elgart, Paul H. Jacobs, Jack L. Lesher, Richard K. Scher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
Passive Cigarette Smoking and Reduced HDL Cholesterol Levels in Children With High-Risk Lipid Profiles
Authors: Ellis J. Neufeld, Michele Mietus-Snyder, Alexa S. Beiser, Annette L. Baker, Jane W. Newburger
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background HDL cholesterol levels are known to be lower in smokers than in nonsmokers. Previous studies have demonstrated an association of decreased HDL cholesterol with passive smoking in children but have not adjusted for potential confounding factors. Methods and Results In a cross-sectional, pilot-scale study, we examined the relationship of HDL cholesterol levels to passive smoking in children and adolescents referred to a tertiary hyperlipidemia clinic. Eligibility criteria included (1) first visit to a lipid clinic, (2) LDL cholesterol &gt;95th percentile for age or HDL cholesterol &lt;5th percentile, (3) age between 2 and 18 years, and (4) absence of secondary causes of hyperlipidemia. Sociodemographic information, diet record, medical history, and fasting lipid profiles were obtained. Of 109 eligible patients, 103 (94%) were studied. Twenty-seven percent came from households with cigarette smokers. HDL cholesterol levels were 38.7±1.2 mg/dL (mean±SEM) in passive smokers versus 43.6±1.2 mg/dL in children without smoke exposure ( P =.005). Smoking exposure was not significantly associated with other lipid values. The effect of smoking on HDL cholesterol was minimally affected by potential confounders. In multivariate regression adjusting for body mass index, age, sex, exercise, and dietary fat intake, passive smoking remained a significant risk factor for decreased HDL cholesterol ( P =.012). Conclusions Mean HDL cholesterol levels are lower in dyslipidemic children from households with smokers than in those without household smoke exposure. Passive smoking may worsen the risk profile for later atherosclerosis among high-risk young persons.
The Role of Culture in Psychosomatic Disorders
Authors: K. Singer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

The paper summarizes and evaluates the work so far carried out on the role of culture in determining similarities and differences in prevalence and manifestations of psychosomatic disorders, and attempts to identify the possible cultural elements that account for such variations. It concludes that the evidence is insufficient to support beliefs about the existence of major differences between cultures in psychosomatic disorders as a whole, and that cultural factors provide but a superficial colouration to a primary core of illness common to all cultures; but that, nevertheless, real differences exist in the prevalence of certain conditions in a minority of cultures.
Is infestation with the common bedbug increasing?
Authors: J. Paul
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—In recent decades the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius , has been so scarce in the United Kingdom that new finds have been considered worthy of publication.1 In 1998 specimens from only one infestation were submitted to Brighton Public Health Laboratory Service for identification, none having been submitted during the previous three years. From February to October 1999specimens from four separate infestations were referred to the service; this suggests that bedbugs are becoming more common.

Interestingly, in …
General-practitioner Maternity Beds
Authors: J. F. Stephen
Journal: BMJ (1965)

A namby-pamby latter days, to offend those who ought to be offended, and disturb those who ought to be disturbed, just because they don't like doing these things.The conse- quence is that the smugs, liars, smoothies, and welfare-state types get away with it all along the line.-Iam, etc., Bristol 8. GEORGE ALEXANDER."Helping Your Doctor" SJR,-The Minister of Health has stated that this winter there is to be a press,.radio, and television campaign to attempt to per- suade the public to make more efficient use of general practitioners' time.A useful and informative leaflet " Helping your Doctor" has been issued by the Ministry of Health for distribution by general practitioners to patients.In this area 10 copies have been sent to each general practi-*tioner and the executive council inform me that no more copies are available or expected froni the Ministry.My 10 copies placed on the waiting-room table disappeared in 36 hours.The type size is 'too small for wall display.This is a minor matter, but in my opinion is, An indication of how little help the -Ministry is prepared to give to enable general practitioners to give proper -service to patients genuinely requiring it.Once' again the .G.M.S. Committee and the B.M.A. Council have been fooled by the Ministry.It will be interesting to see the extent of the -
Questioning the Methodological Superiority of ‘Placebo’ over ‘Active’ Controlled Trials
Authors: Murray W. Enkin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Pity the poor placebo. The term placebo (from the Latin to please) was used in the 13th century to name the Roman Catholic Vespers of the Office of the Dead. It acquired its pejorative sense when t...
Cremation fees, again
Authors: J. Nehring, A. Aveneli, H. Asteriades, R. W Warner, H. Montgomery, R. Harrington, F. Craig, S. J Morrison, M. S Robinson, R. Kandola, K. Anson, S. Malik, P. Clark, B. Corbett, L. M C Davies, J. S Whelan, P. J Keeling
Journal: BMJ (1986)
Pulmonary Intravascular and Extravascular Fluid Volumes in Exercising Cardiac Patients
Authors: RUSSELL LUEPKER, BO LIANDER, MAGNUS KORSGREN, EDWARD VARNAUSKAS
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Pulmonary extravascular (PEW) and intravascular (PBV) fluid volumes were measured during cardiac catheterization by a multiple indicator-dilution technique in 21 cardiac patients at rest and during exercise. Increased PEW at rest was clearly related to increased left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures but not to blood flow or pulmonary vascular resistance. Submaximal supine exercise produced increased intracardiac pressures and flow, with PEW and PBV significantly increased in most cases and stable in a few. Transudation at higher pulmonary capillary pressures and increased capillary recruitment were proposed to explain the increases in PEW during this short-term stress. wo patients developed overt pulmonary edema with rales during exercise. These individuals are discussed separately.
"Polypill" to fight cardiovascular disease: Interpretation of trial data is optimistic
Authors: G. Assmann
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Rarely has the demand for empirical evidence of treatment benefit been as necessary as in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Wald and Law doubt this approach, saying that a “Polypill” containing six drugs would reduce events of ischaemic heart disease by 88% and stroke by 80% and might therefore be given with impunity to …
ADDRESS OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SECTION OF OBSTETRICS AND DISEASES OF WOMEN, OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, READ JUNE, 1883.
Authors: J. K. Bartlett
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Part I. <i>Mr. President and Gentlemen of the American Medical Association:</i> The position with which you have honored me requires, by ordinance, that a resumé of the so-called advances in our special department should be made the subject of this address. This rule has not been observed for the past two years, and would now, perhaps, “be better honored in the breach than in the observance; but being a law-abiding subject, the writer has chosen mainly to comply with it, and will serve you an “olla podrida,” containing some recent items of interest, seasoned with personal views upon other subjects, concerning which there is much difference of opinion among the profession. Seen by the light of present teachings, some of these opinions may be deemed heretical; they are certainly conservative, and perhaps it is well, amid the rush and excitement of our modern mode of life and thought, that there
The Psychobiology of Childhood: A Profile of Current Issues
Authors: John F. McDermott
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This book was developed from a panel presented at a meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, which focused on psychobiological issues of childhood. The articles reflect a critical period in the medical subspecialty of child psychiatry—the transition between art and science. The contributors include some of the foremost researchers in the field, researchers who are responsible for the recent growth of child psychiatry as a scientific discipline. A preponderant theme is attention deficit disorder (formerly known as hyperactive syndrome or minimal brain dysfunction). This condition is not only very common but was the first behavior disorder of childhood found to be responsive to medication. Several papers examine the evolution of the concept, its prevalence, theories of etiology, classification and diagnosis, treatment response, and side effects. The focus is clearly on research. Methodological issues are debated. Ethics, the subject of one paper, is considered only as a research issue— informed
Multiple Targets of Nitric Oxide in the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Anthony R. Richardson, Elizabeth C. Payne, Noah Younger, Joyce E. Karlinsey, Vinai C. Thomas, Lynne A. Becker, William W. Navarre, Margaret E. Castor, Stephen J. Libby, Ferric C. Fang
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;JAMA&lt;/emph&gt;'s Online Evolution
Authors: Margaret A. Winker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Can exercise improve self esteem in children and young people? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: E Ekeland, F Heian, K B Hagen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

A systematic review to determine if exercise alone or as part of a comprehensive intervention can improve self esteem in children and young people is described. Twenty three randomised controlled trials were analysed. A synthesis of several small, low quality trials indicates that exercise may have short term beneficial effects on self esteem in children and adolescents. However, high quality research on defined populations with adequate follow up is needed.
Leveraging nanochannels for universal, zero-order drug delivery in vivo
Authors: Silvia Ferrati, Daniel Fine, Junping You, Enrica De Rosa, Lee Hudson, Erika Zabre, Sharath Hosali, Li Zhang, Catherine Hickman, Shyam Sunder Bansal, Andrea M. Cordero-Reyes, Thomas Geninatti, Juliana Sih, Randy Goodall, Ganesh Palapattu, Malgorzata Kloc, Rafik M. Ghobrial, Mauro Ferrari, Alessandro Grattoni
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Multiple Hybrid Formation in Natural Populations: Concerted Evolution of the Internal Transcribed Spacer of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA (ITS) in North American Arabis divaricarpa (Brassicaceae)
Authors: M. A. Koch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

DNA sequence variation of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA from Arabis holboellii, A. drummondii, and its putative hybrid A. divaricarpa was analyzed to study hybrid speciation in a species system geographically covering nearly the entire North American continent. Based on molecular systematics the investigated species are better combined under the genus Boechera. Multiple intraindividual ITS copies were detected in numerous accessions of A. divaricarpa, and, to a minor extent, in the parental taxa. Comparative phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that reticulate evolution is common. Consequently, concerted evolution of ITS regions resulted in different types of ITS fragments not only in hybrid populations but also in one of the parental taxa, A. holboellii. Hybrid formation often occurred independently at different sites and at different times, which is reflected by ITS copies resampling the original parental sequence variation in different ways. Some biogeographic structuring of genetic diversity is apparent and mirrors postglacial migration routes. Hybridization, reticulation, and apomixis are assumed to be the major forces driving speciation processes in this species complex. Analysis of conserved regions and secondary structures of the ITS region provided no evidence that, in this system, hybrid ITS evolution is predominantly driven in a particular direction. However, two regions in the ITS1 and ITS2, respectively, show higher mutation rates than expected from outgroup comparisons. Strong evidence for the occurrence of apomixis in A. holboellii and A. divaricarpa has come from pollen size measurements and estimations of pollen quality, which favor the hypothesis that A. drummondii served as paternal hybridization partner more frequently than A. holboellii.
2012 Lasker Awards Laud Seminal Work in Transplantation, Molecular Motors
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhaled Foreign Body
Authors: Syed Mohammad Tariq, Jojy George
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat, Oman any arab women wear a head scarf, termed the lahaaf or hejaab . It is usually secured around the head and neck with one or two pins. A 20-year-old Arab woman presented after having accidentally inhaled a pin as she adjusted her lahaaf while holding the pin in her mouth. Posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs (Panels A and B, respectively) showed the pin in a bronchus of the left lower lobe (arrow in each panel). A fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed. The pin was seen in the distal part of the left-lower-lobe bronchus, with the pinhead lodged in the posterior segment. The pin was removed endoscopically, without adverse consequences.
Successful Renal Transplantation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Authors: Kathryn L. Popowniak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Successful Renal Transplantation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Kathryn L. Popowniak, M.D., Satoru Nakamoto, M.D., William E. Braun, M.D., Ray W. Gifford Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., Ralph Straffon, M.D.Kathryn L. Popowniak, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Satoru Nakamoto, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William E. Braun, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ray W. Gifford Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Ralph Straffon, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-828_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus have been considered poor candidates for renal transplantation because of the multisystem involvement of the disease. As of 1 October 1972, the Human Renal Transplant Registry reported that only 38 patients with this disease had been transplanted in the United States since 1963. During the past 9 years six patients, aged 18 to 44 years, with systemic lupus erythematosus have received renal transplants at the Cleveland Clinic. All had end-stage renal failure requiring intermittent hemodialyses.Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of azathioprine, 5 mg/kg of body weight, on the day of surgery and a maintenance dose of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 828-829KeywordsBody weightImmunosuppressivesLupus erythematosusRenal diseasesRenal failureRenal transplantationSurgerySystemic lupus erythematosus Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Clinical Significance of Coronary Artery Calcification Seen Fluoroscopically with the Image Intensifier
Authors: JOHNSON MCGUIRE, HAROLD J. SCHNEIDER, TE-CHUAN CHOU
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Five hundred forty-four unselected patients were examined by a radiologist as to the presence or absence of coronary artery calcification. The overall prevalence of coronary calcification was 20% and there was a definite increase in the prevalence of the finding with increasing age. A comparison of 94 patients with coronary calcification with a matched control group without calcification indicated that the prevalence of symptomatic ischemic heart disease in the group with calcification was approximately twice that of the control group. The correlation was even more significant when the degree of calcification was moderate or severe. It is concluded that cardiac fluoroscopy with image intensification is a useful supplementary tool in the clinical evaluation of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. It can be performed easily and imposes no risk to the patient.
Massive Intraperitoneal Hemorrhage from Appendix Epiploica
Authors: Leon H. Manheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

APPENDICES epiploicae may be subject to a variety of complications requiring surgical intervention. Among these, the most common affection seems to be acute infarction secondary to torsion of the appendix on its long axis. Several recent publications1 2 3 4 offer a comprehensive review of this subject. A thorough review of the literature has revealed not a single case of massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage arising from an appendix epiploica. Therefore, the following case is worthy of note.Case ReportJ.R. (M.S.H. 53885), a 58-year-old hotel executive, on the morning of December 21, 1955, experienced a sudden, severe, knifelike pain in the right lower quadrant . . .