tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antiphospholipid antibodies in homozygous sickle cell disease.
Authors: K De Ceulaer, M A Khamashta, E N Harris, G R Serjeant, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Serum samples from 108 unselected Jamaican patients with homozygous sickle cell disease and 116 control subjects with normal haemoglobin were screened for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Slightly increased levels of IgG antiphospholipid antibodies were found in nine patients with sickle cell disease and in none of the control subjects. Serial control samples confirmed the increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. A comparison of the haematological and clinical features of patients with positive and negative antiphospholipid sickle cell disease did not highlight any differences between the groups.
Controlled Trial of Transfusions for Silent Cerebral Infarcts in Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Michael R DeBaun, Mae Gordon, Robert C McKinstry, Michael J Noetzel, Desiree A White, Sharada A Sarnaik, Emily R Meier, Thomas H Howard, Suvankar Majumdar, Baba P D Inusa, Paul T Telfer, Melanie Kirby-Allen, Timothy L McCavit, Annie Kamdem, Gladstone Airewele, Gerald M Woods, Brian Berman, Julie A Panepinto, Beng R Fuh, Janet L Kwiatkowski, Allison A King, Jason M Fixler, Melissa M Rhodes, Alexis A Thompson, Mark E Heiny, Rupa C Redding-Lallinger, Fenella J Kirkham, Natalia Dixon, Corina E Gonzalez, Karen A Kalinyak, Charles T Quinn, John J Strouse, J P Miller, Harold Lehmann, Michael A Kraut, William S Ball, Deborah Hirtz, James F Casella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Silent cerebral infarcts are the most common neurologic injury in children with sickle cell anemia and are associated with the recurrence of an infarct (stroke or silent cerebral infarct). We tested the hypothesis that the incidence of the recurrence of an infarct would be lower among children who underwent regular blood-transfusion therapy than among those who received standard care.In this randomized, single-blind clinical trial, we randomly assigned children with sickle cell anemia to receive regular blood transfusions (transfusion group) or standard care (observation group). Participants were between 5 and 15 years of age, with no history of stroke and with one or more silent cerebral infarcts on magnetic resonance imaging and a neurologic examination showing no abnormalities corresponding to these lesions. The primary end point was the recurrence of an infarct, defined as a stroke or a new or enlarged silent cerebral infarct.A total of 196 children (mean age, 10 years) were randomly assigned to the observation or transfusion group and were followed for a median of 3 years. In the transfusion group, 6 of 99 children (6%) had an end-point event (1 had a stroke, and 5 had new or enlarged silent cerebral infarcts). In the observation group, 14 of 97 children (14%) had an end-point event (7 had strokes, and 7 had new or enlarged silent cerebral infarcts). The incidence of the primary end point in the transfusion and observation groups was 2.0 and 4.8 events, respectively, per 100 years at risk, corresponding to an incidence rate ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.99; P=0.04).Regular blood-transfusion therapy significantly reduced the incidence of the recurrence of cerebral infarct in children with sickle cell anemia. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and others; Silent Cerebral Infarct Multi-Center Clinical Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00072761, and Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN52713285.).
Adopting Integrated Care Pathways in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Gianpiero Fasola, Simona Rizzato, Valentina Merlo, Marianna Aita, Tino Ceschia, Francesco Giacomuzzi, Emilio Lugatti, Stefano Meduri, Angelo Morelli, Maurizio Rocco, Valeria Tozzi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
P24 Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery and validation of the STOP-BANG questionnaire as a screening tool
Authors: R. Kaiser, C. Hammond, L. Restrick, H. Branley, S. Lock, P. Sufi, D. Heath
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is common in morbidly obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery, and many sleep centres perform routine preoperative sleep studies for all. However a significant proportion will not have significant OSA. Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) is unreliable in predicting the risk of OSA. A practical screening tool is ideally required. We aimed to define the prevalence of OSA in our bariatric patient population and validate the STOP-BANG questionnaire as a screening tool. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective review of bariatric patients who had sleep studies over a 3-month period from January to March 2011. Clinical data collected from medical notes and sleep study results. STOP-BANG scores derived retrospectively from clinical data. Questionnaire included 8 yes/no questions, scored 1 for every yes answer (Abstract P24 table 1). A score of 4 or more was considered as high risk for having OSA. STOP-BANG scores were then correlated with sleep study results. Significant OSA (which may require treatment with preoperative CPAP) was defined as a Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) of at least &gt;15. <h3>Results</h3> Patient characteristics (n=61): mean age 45 (24–69), 87.3% female, mean BMI 46.2 (35–67), mean ESS 6.5 (0–20). Sleep study results – 18% had AHI 15–30, 13.1% had AHI &gt;30. 55.7% had STOP-BANG score of = 4, 44.3% had score of = 3. Of patients with significant OSA (AHI&gt;15): mean BMI 47.2, mean neck circumference 41.4 (SD 2.5), Mean ESS 8.5 (SD 4.84), 66.6% had ESS &lt;11, 89.4% were loud snorers. Using STOP-BANG score of = 4 to screen for OSA with AHI &gt;15—Sensitivity 94.7%, Specificity 61%, positive predictive value 52.9%, negative predictive value 96.2%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> 31% of patient population studied had at least moderate OSA. ESS poorly predictive of risk of OSA. Using a high risk STOP-BANG score of 4 had a high sensitivity but poor specificity. However, a low risk score of &lt;4 had a high negative predictive value of 96.2% for AHI &gt;15. Therefore STOP-BANG questionnaire using a cut-off risk score of 4 can be used as a screening tool to rule out significant OSA and thus avoiding sleep studies in a significant proportion of low risk patients.
STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS
Authors: Waro Nakahara
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. The small dose of x-rays applied to the rabbit has no appreciable destructive effect on the lymphoid tissue. 2. Indications of stimulation of the lymphoid tissue appear immediately after the treatment, become most pronounced in 2 (in lymph glands) to 4 (in the spleen) days, and persist, in a slight degree, up to the 14th day. 3. These facts suggest that the lymphocytosis induced by the small dose of x-rays is due to a primary stimulative effect upon the lymphoid tissue of the animal.
Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Particulate Matter, and Autism
Authors: Heather E. Volk, Fred Lurmann, Bryan Penfold, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Rob McConnell
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2012)

Autism is a heterogeneous disorder with genetic and environmental factors likely contributing to its origins. Examination of hazardous pollutants has suggested the importance of air toxics in the etiology of autism, yet little research has examined its association with local levels of air pollution using residence-specific exposure assignments.To examine the relationship between traffic-related air pollution, air quality, and autism.This population-based case-control study includes data obtained from children with autism and control children with typical development who were enrolled in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment study in California. The mother's address from the birth certificate and addresses reported from a residential history questionnaire were used to estimate exposure for each trimester of pregnancy and first year of life. Traffic-related air pollution was assigned to each location using a line-source air-quality dispersion model. Regional air pollutant measures were based on the Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System data. Logistic regression models compared estimated and measured pollutant levels for children with autism and for control children with typical development.Case-control study from California.A total of 279 children with autism and a total of 245 control children with typical development.Crude and multivariable adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for autism.Children with autism were more likely to live at residences that had the highest quartile of exposure to traffic-related air pollution, during gestation (AOR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.20-3.31]) and during the first year of life (AOR, 3.10 [95% CI, 1.76-5.57]), compared with control children. Regional exposure measures of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter less than 2.5 and 10 μm in diameter (PM2.5 and PM10) were also associated with autism during gestation (exposure to nitrogen dioxide: AOR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.37-3.09]; exposure to PM2.5: AOR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.93-2.25]; exposure to PM10: AOR, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.49-3.16) and during the first year of life (exposure to nitrogen dioxide: AOR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.37-3.09]; exposure to PM2.5: AOR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.45-3.10]; exposure to PM10: AOR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.46-3.12]). All regional pollutant estimates were scaled to twice the standard deviation of the distribution for all pregnancy estimates.Exposure to traffic-related air pollution, nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5, and PM10 during pregnancy and during the first year of life was associated with autism. Further epidemiological and toxicological examinations of likely biological pathways will help determine whether these associations are causal.
Public health doctors "hopeless" at using media
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

PR chief says they must learn how to present their stories 

Public health doctors have long criticised the media for getting their priorities wrong and giving space to relatively minor problems, such as the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), while ignoring the major threats of smoking, alcoholism, and obesity.

Professor Sian Griffiths, president of the Faculty of Public Health Medicine, illustrated the point at a seminar organised by health think-tank the King's Fund last week, by comparing …
Whose secret is it anyway?
Authors: G. Adshead
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Why is there a duty to keep confidences? Most commentators claim that if doctors did not have such a duty, patients would not trust their doctors with clinically relevant material, and this would have bad consequences. There is nothing about the duty of confidentiality which implies absolute secrecy; it is a commitment to treating the patient's information with respect. Privacy might be a better word than confidentiality, so that patients are protected from gossip (usually by health care professionals).

Confidentiality is not an absolute principle, as the established exemptions make clear. Harm to others …
Depletion of radio-resistant regulatory T cells enhances antitumor immunity during recovery from lymphopenia
Authors: Junko Baba, Satoshi Watanabe, Yu Saida, Tomohiro Tanaka, Takao Miyabayashi, Jun Koshio, Kosuke Ichikawa, Koichiro Nozaki, Toshiyuki Koya, Katsuya Deguchi, Chunrui Tan, Satoru Miura, Hiroshi Tanaka, Junta Tanaka, Hiroshi Kagamu, Hirohisa Yoshizawa, Ko Nakata, Ichiei Narita
Journal: Blood (2012)
Salmonella Gastritis Presenting as Acute Abdominal Pain
Authors: Ronald C. Golinger
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE SEVERE abdominal pain that is occasionally associated with Salmonella gastroenteritis may not be appreciated by some physicians. 1 We recently cared for a patient with this disease who had the physical signs of a surgical   Report of a Case  A 21-year-old man had chills, fever, and nausea. This was followed the next day by crampy, diffuse abdominal pain and several loose bowel movements. He took antidiarrheal medication for 24 hours, and bowel movements ceased. Over the next 36 hours, an increasingly severe, steady pain developed in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. On admission, rectal temperature was 38.9 C and the pulse rate was 68 beats per minute. The abdomen was flat, and bowel sounds were absent. Severe hyperesthesia and direct and rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant were striking findings. Rebound tenderness was referred to the right lower quadrant on palpation of the entire abdomen.
Elisha Dick, Benjamin Rush, and George Washington
Authors: Jerome M. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In the article on William Cobbett, Benjamin Rush, and the death of George Washington in 1799 (1983;249:912), Davies and coworkers mentioned Elisha Cullen Dick, a former pupil of Benjamin Rush, as having been a consultant with Gustavus Richard Brown when called by Dr James Craik to help attend to Washington in his last hours. All three physicians used copious bleeding in addition to other medical procedures. Voluminous bleeding has, of course, an association with its major advocate, Dr Rush, of whom Dr Dick had been a pupil. Cobbett, the sensationalist English journalist and foe of Rush, made much of this, highlighting Dick in the role he played and castigating Rush as blameful in Washington's death. Regardless of some rightfully questionable notions of Rush, probably the most famous American physician of his time, his considerable favorable reputation rests on meritorious social and educational proposals and especially his contribution
Review of Charis Thompson,<i>Making Parents: The Ontological Choreography of Reproductive Technologies</i><sup>1</sup>
Authors: Camisha A. Russell
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

What is the purpose of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), artificial insemination, or gestational surrogacy? One might be tempted to say that they make ...
Renal effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhosis: Comparison of patients with ascites, with refractory ascites, or without ascites
Authors: Alexander L. Gerbes, Veit Gülberg, Tobias Waggershauser, Josef Holl, Maximilian Reiser
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Renal effects of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) were compared in 6 patients without ascites (group 1), 11 patients with ascites responding to diuretic treatment (group 2), and 6 patients with refractory ascites (group 3). Seven days after insertion of TIPS, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion had increased in patients with ascites: 113 ± 16 mmol to 170 ± 30 mmol (P = .012) in group 2, and 22 ± 8 mmol to 77 ± 27 mmol (P = .050) in group 3. In group 3, fractional sodium excretion tended to increase from 0.26% ± 0.14% to 0.62% ± 18% (P = .081). The relative increase of urinary sodium excretion (to 444% ± 122%) and fractional sodium excretion (to 413% ± 127%) in group 3 was significantly (P < .05) higher than in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary volume were not significantly changed in either group. Patients with Child-Pugh class C had a more pronounced effect of TIPS on urinary sodium excretion (increase to 396% ± 115% vs. 139% ± 15%; P= .066) and on fractional sodium excretion (increase to 415% ± 103% vs. 94% ± 15%; P = .020) than patients with less-severe liver disease. Fractional sodium excretion of less than 0.35% before TIPS was found to be an indicator of renal response to TIPS. The effect of TIPS on urinary sodium excretion and on fractional sodium excretion was related to the patients' Child-Pugh score (r = .55; P = .007 and r = .68; P= .001, respectively) and inversely to their fractional sodium excretion (r = −.44; P = .047 and r= −.54; P = .012, respectively) before TIPS. These data demonstrate that TIPS affects renal sodium handling in patients with ascites, particularly in patients with refractory ascites. Severity of liver disease and fractional sodium excretion before TIPS are parameters to predict the extent of the renal response.
The Electrical Conductivity of Living Tissues as it Pertains to Electrocardiography
Authors: J. MALVERN BENJAMIN, HERMAN SCHWAN, CALVIN F. KAY, JOSEPH H. HAFKENSCHIEL
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Field analysis methods provide a convenient mathematical process for organization of electrocardiographic observations. The degree of divergence of calculated spatial orientations of heart forces from true orientations is dependent upon the magnitude of inaccuracy of the assumption that body tissues are electrically homogeneous. Preliminary to undertaking quantitative measurements of tissue resistivities in situ, technical difficulties of the problem have been surveyed, and previous studies have been analyzed. It is concluded that an accurate, quantitative measurement of such resistivity has not been made. If major inhomogeneity were found, current methods of application of field theory to electrocardiography might require extensive modification.
Prevalence of Recent Cocaine Use Among Motor Vehicle Fatalities in New York City
Authors: Peter M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We determined the prevalence of recent cocaine and alcohol use among motor vehicle fatalities occurring in New York, NY, from 1984 through 1987. Recent cocaine use was detected at autopsy in 18.2% of the sample and no significant difference between drivers (20.0%) and passengers (13.9%) was found. Both alcohol and cocaine metabolites were found in 10.0% of cases tested. The prevalence of cocaine metabolites or alcohol detected in driver fatalities aged 16 through 45 years did not change significantly when the period prior to the widespread availability of "crack" cocaine (1984 through 1985) was compared with the period immediately following the introduction of crack cocaine (1986 through 1987). Additional studies are needed both to elucidate the association between cocaine use and these fatalities and to determine the value of screening persons seriously injured in traffic accidents in areas where such drug use is endemic.
Preliminary findings suggest hidradenitis suppurativa may be due to defective follicular support
Authors: H.H. van der Zee, E.P. Prens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Original Article, p 1034 The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been enigmatic since it was first described by Velpeau in 1839.1 Because of the predisposed areas and an experiment in 19552 whereby occlusive tape was applied, it was widely accepted that the disease was the result of occlusion of the apocrine glands resulting in apocrinitis. In 1989, Plewig and Steger3 were the first who suspected that infundibular occlusion of the hair follicle was the primary origin of the disease. Although Plewig and Steger introduced the name acne inversa, Yu and Cook4 were the first to publish histological evidence for this concept. Follicular occlusion as the main histological feature of HS was later confirmed by Jemec and Hansen5 and Boer and Weltevreden.6 Investigations on the histology of HS have recently undergone a revival. A histological study demonstrated an absence or reduced volume of the sebaceous glands in HS.7 This histological discrepancy with acne vulgaris, together with the failure of isotretinoin in the treatment of HS,8 suggests that acne inversa is not a better term than HS. More recently, von Laffert et al.9 10 described psoriasiform hyperplasia as a new histological feature of HS and van der Zee et al.11 demonstrated free and phagocytosed keratin fibres in the dermis of HS lesions. These keratin fibres from ruptured hair follicles/cysts fuel the subsequent inflammation.11
The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib with chemoimmunotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jennifer R. Brown, Jacqueline C. Barrientos, Paul M. Barr, Ian W. Flinn, Jan A. Burger, Anh Tran, Fong Clow, Danelle F. James, Thorsten Graef, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Kanti Rai, Susan O’Brien
Journal: Blood (2015)
A Cluster of Patients With a Chronic Mononucleosis-like Syndrome
Authors: Gary P. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A cluster of 134 patients who had undergone Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serological testing because of suspected chronic EBV syndrome was investigated in Nevada. Fifteen case-patients were identified who had severe, persistent fatigue of undetermined etiology for more than two months. When compared with the remaining 119 patients who had less severe illnesses and with 30 age-, sex-, and race-matched control-persons, these 15 patients had significantly higher antibody titers against various components of EBV and against cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex and measles viruses. Epstein-Barr virus serology could not reliably differentiate individual case-patients from the others, and the reproducibility of the tests within and among laboratories was poor. As a group, the case-patients appear to have had a syndrome that is characterized by chronic fatigue, fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy. The relationship of this fatigue syndrome to EBV is unclear; further studies are needed to determine its etiology. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2297-2302)
Attitudes of general practitioners towards their vaccination against hepatitis B.
Authors: P Kinnersley
Journal: BMJ (1990)

effective and lifesaving treatment. Differences in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction across the country cannot explain the variation in clinical practice observed, and any error due to the use of thrombolytic agents for other conditions was probably small. The median treatment rate of five patients per 100 000 each month suggests that 30 000 patients are treated annually in England. If the highest rates that we found were achieved nation wide a further 60000 patients would be treated. Is this a realistic estimate of the shortfall? The rate of infarction is not known accurately. The British Heart Foundation quotes 240 000 each year in Great Britain based on pooled data (estimates range from 146 000 to 362 000). This is equivalent to 205 000 infarcts in England. Almost half are immediately fatal, which corresponds with the crude death rate from myocardial infarction in England (nearly 90000 deaths in 1988).' Most survivors attend hospital, and at least half are eligible for thrombolysis.4 From these estimates and our data we calculate that each year about 20000 (possibly as many as 60000) eligible patients do not receive thrombolysis in England. Such undertreatment may have medicolegal implications.5
Use of 133 Xenon for Simultaneous Right and Left Lung Function Measurements.
Authors: W. Sam Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Use of 133 Xenon for Simultaneous Right and Left Lung Function Measurements.W. Sam Williams, M.D., F.A.C.P.W. Sam Williams, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1099_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis report describes the clinical application of radioactive xenon for the measurement of the function ofeachlung simultaneously. A system for handling and measuring 133 xenon in pulmonary function tests which can be used in the average pulmonary function laboratory without special training is described. The procedure uses newly designed instrumentation that includes a data-processing system for rapid analysis and digital display of the information acquired from each lung. The inhalation of a single breath of this inert gamma-emitting gas allows for the simultaneous measurement of vital capacity, forced expiratory volume expressed in percent of lung volume for each... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. Sam Williams, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Ft. Lauderdale, Florida PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1099-1099KeywordsForced expiratory volumeInformation technologyInhalationLungsPulmonary functionResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...