tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bleomycin on Mammalian Cell Survival&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T. Terasima, Y. Takabe, T. Katsumata, M. Watanabe, H. Umezawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Effect of Bleomycin on Mammalian Cell Survival Get access T. Terasima, T. Terasima Division of Physiology and Pathology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa-4, Chiba, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y. Takabe, Y. Takabe Division of Physiology and Pathology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa-4, Chiba, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Katsumata, T. Katsumata Division of Physiology and Pathology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa-4, Chiba, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Watanabe, M. Watanabe Division of Physiology and Pathology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa-4, Chiba, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Umezawa H. Umezawa Division of Physiology and Pathology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa-4, Chiba, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 49, Issue 4, October 1972, Pages 1093–1100, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.4.1093 Published: 01 October 1972 Article history Received: 14 March 1972 Accepted: 29 June 1972 Published: 01 October 1972
A Novel Automated Mammographic Density Measure and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: John J. Heine, Christopher G. Scott, Thomas A. Sellers, Kathleen R. Brandt, Daniel J. Serie, Fang-Fang Wu, Marilyn J. Morton, Beth A. Schueler, Fergus J. Couch, Janet E. Olson, V. Shane Pankratz, Celine M. Vachon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Background Mammographic breast density is a strong breast cancer risk factor but is not used in the clinical setting, partly because of a lack of standardization and automation. We developed an automated and objective measurement of the grayscale value variation within a mammogram, evaluated its association with breast cancer, and compared its performance with that of percent density (PD).
Forgotten but Not Gone
Authors: Lidia S. Szczepaniak, Ronald G. Victor, Lelio Orci, Roger H. Unger
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Until 60 years ago, fatty heart was an accepted clinical entity. Since then, its very existence has been questioned, despite the fact that 2 of 3 Americans are now obese or overweight and obesity has been shown to be correlated with cardiac functional abnormalities. In 2000, a syndrome of “lipotoxic cardiomyopathy” resembling earlier pathologic descriptions of fatty human hearts was described in rodents, and fatty infiltration of cardiomyocytes was subsequently reported in patients with congestive failure. Now, magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been adapted to permit routine noninvasive screening for fatty heart. The use of this technique in human volunteers indicates that cardiomyocyte fat correlates well with body mass index and is elevated in uncomplicated obesity. It is more severe when glucose tolerance becomes abnormal or diabetes is present. It is associated with impaired diastolic filling, even in seemingly asymptomatic obese volunteers. Because fatty heart can be readily prevented by lifestyle modification and pharmacologic interventions that reduce caloric intake and increase fatty acid oxidation, it seems important to recognize its existence so as to intervene as early as possible.
Lymphangiomatosis presenting with bronchial cast formation.
Authors: L. G. Nair, C. P. Kurtz
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Lymphangiomatosis is a rare disorder of the lymphatic system that is known to cause chylothorax. Chyloptysis may occur but chylous bronchial cast formation is rare. A case is reported of lymphangiomatosis in a 34 year old woman whose initial manifestation was cough productive of bronchial casts. Two years later the patient developed a chylothorax. Ligation of the thoracic duct through a low thoracotomy was curative.
Efficacy of acupuncture in asthma
Authors: A. Hansell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

To the Editor: 

I read with interest the recent meta­analysis by Martin et al. 1, finding little evidence for an effect of acupuncture as a treatment for asthma, but was not surprised by the result. I spent my 6‐week medical student elective in 1988 at the (“Western”­style medicine) Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China. As part of the elective I reviewed, with the help of the clinic doctors, any treatments currently …
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide regulates neurally mediated airway responses
Authors: M Shigyo, H Aizawa, H Inoue, K Matsumoto, S Takata, N Hara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

To clarify the protective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) on airway narrowing, we examined the effects of PACAP on smooth muscle contraction and plasma extravasation in guinea-pig airways. Smooth muscle contraction evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) or exogenously applied acetylcholine (ACh) or substance P (SP) was measured before and after PACAP in vitro. The effect of PACAP on airway plasma extravasation was also measured in vivo. In trachea, PACAP (10(-9) - 10(-7) M) significantly suppressed smooth muscle contraction evoked by EFS without affecting ACh sensitivity, suggesting that PACAP inhibits cholinergic neuroeffector transmission. In the main bronchi, PACAP (10(-9) - 10(-8) M) significantly suppressed the contraction evoked by EFS without affecting SP sensitivity in the presence of atropine, suggesting that PACAP inhibits SP release from excitatory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (eNANC) nerves. In animals treated with atropine and propranolol, PACAP attenuated the increase in plasma extravasation induced by electrical vagus stimulation or by SP. These results suggest that pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide may play a role in modulation of airway responses through inhibition of cholinergic and noncholinergic mechanisms.
Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Rita Rachmani, Inna Slavacheski, Maya Berla, Ronni Frommer-Shapira, Mordchai Ravid
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The aim of this study was to examine whether motivating patients to gain expertise and closely follow their risk parameters will attenuate the course of microvascular and cardiovascular sequelae of diabetes. A randomized, prospective study was conducted of 165 patients who had type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and were referred for consultation to a diabetes clinic in an academic hospital. Patients were randomly allocated to standard consultation (SC) or to a patient participation (PP) program. Both groups were followed by their primary care physicians. The mean follow-up was 7.7 yr. The SC group attended eight annual consultations. The PP patients initiated on average one additional consultation per year. There were 80 cardiovascular events (eight deaths) in the SC group versus 47 events (five deaths) in the PP group (P = 0.001). The relative risk (RR) over 8 yr for a cardiovascular event in the intervention (PP) versus the control (SC) group was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.41). There were 17 and eight cases of stroke in the SC and PP groups, respectively (P = 0.05). RR for stroke was 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.32). In the SC group, 14 patients developed overt nephropathy (four ESRD) versus seven (one ESRD) in the PP group (P = 0.05). Throughout the study period, BP, LDL cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1c were significantly lower in the PP than in the SC patients. Well informed and motivated patients were more successful in obtaining and maintaining good control of their risk factors, resulting in reduced cardiovascular risk and slower progression of microvascular disease.
Insulin Administration and Rate of Glucose Appearance in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mary E. Pennant, Leslie J.C. Bluck, M. Loredana Marcovecchio, Burak Salgin, Roman Hovorka, David B. Dunger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—To assess whether prandial insulin, in addition to basal insulin, has an effect on the rate of glucose appearance from a meal in people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The rate of glucose appearance from a mixed meal (Rameal) was investigated in six adult (aged 24 ± 2 years), lean (BMI 23.6 ± 1.5 kg/m2) subjects with well-controlled type 1 diabetes (duration 7.9 ± 6.9 years, A1C 7.6 ± 0.9%) with/without prandial insulin. Actrapid was infused to maintain euglycemia before meals were consumed. Subjects consumed two identical meals on separate occasions, and Rameal was measured using a dual isotope method. [6,6-2H2]glucose was incorporated into the meal (0.081 g/kg body wt), and a primed constant/variable rate infusion of [1,2,3,4,5,6,6-2H2]glucose was administered. In the tests with prandial insulin, an additional bolus dose of Actrapid was given 20 min before the meal at 0.1 units/kg body wt. RESULTS—Insulin concentration with prandial insulin was significantly higher than during basal insulin studies (119 ± 16 vs. 66 ± 15 pmol/l, P = 0.03 by paired t test). Despite differences in insulin concentration, there were no differences in total glucose appearance (3,398 ± 197 vs. 3,307 ± 343 μmol/kg) or time taken for 25% (33.1 ± 3.3 vs. 31.7 ± 3.5 min), 50% (54.6 ± 3.5 vs. 54.1 ± 4.7 min), and 75% (82.9 ± 7.1 vs. 82.8 ± 5.8 min) of total glucose appearance. The fraction of the glucose dose appearing in the circulation was the same for basal (73 ± 8%) and prandial (75 ± 4%) study days. CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that meal glucose appearance is independent of prandial insulin concentration in people with type 1 diabetes.
Expression of CD44 and integrins in bronchial mucosa of normal and mildly asthmatic subjects
Authors: DG Peroni, R Djukanovic, P Bradding, IH Feather, S Montefort, PH Howarth, DB Jones, ST Holgate
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

We have investigated the expression of cell surface markers and leucocyte cell adhesion molecules by immunohistochemistry in bronchial biopsies from 10 mild atopic asthmatics and 8 normal, nonatopic subjects. Significantly increased numbers of eosinophils (p&lt;0.01) were evident in the bronchial submucosa of asthmatic subjects. In epithelium there were more CD44+ (p&lt;0.02) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)+ (p&lt;0.06) leucocytes in asthmatics than in normal subjects. Bronchial epithelial cells stained positively with anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies (moAb) in both groups; however, when the staining was expressed as percentage of the total basement membrane, a considerable and highly significant increase was observed in the asthmatics (median 80 vs 22%, p=0.003). Few leucocytes were positive for very late activation antigen (VLA)-1, VLA-2 and VLA-4. The moAb for VLA-6 stained the basement membrane of the bronchial epithelium; while intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were constitutively expressed in endothelium. A positive correlation was found between LFA-1+ cells and activated eosinophils (EG2+) in the submucosa (p&lt;0.005; r(s)=0.80). We conclude that even in mild asthma there is evidence of increased expression of cell surface ligands, and suggest that adhesive mechanisms play a role both in cell recruitment and disease activity.
Prognostic Factors for Local Control and Survival After Radiotherapy of Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: Dirk Rades, Fabian Fehlauer, Rainer Schulte, Theo Veninga, Lukas J.A. Stalpers, Hiba Basic, Amira Bajrovic, Peter J. Hoskin, Silke Tribius, Ingeborg Wildfang, Volker Rudat, Rita Engenhart-Cabilic, Johann H. Karstens, Winfried Alberti, Juergen Dunst, Steven E. Schild
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To evaluate potential prognostic factors for local control and survival after radiotherapy of metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). Patients and Methods The following potential prognostic factors were investigated retrospectively in 1,852 patients irradiated for MSCC: age, sex, performance status, primary tumor, interval between tumor diagnosis and MSCC (≤ 15 v &gt; 15 months), number of involved vertebrae (one to two v ≥ three), other bone metastases, visceral metastases, pretreatment ambulatory status, time of developing motor deficits before radiotherapy (faster, 1 to 14 v slower, &gt; 14 days), and radiation schedule (short-course v long-course radiotherapy). Results On univariate analysis, improved local control of MSCC was associated significantly with favorable histology (breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma/myeloma), no visceral metastases, and long-course radiotherapy. On multivariate analysis, absence of visceral metastases and radiation schedule maintained significance. On univariate analysis, improved survival was associated significantly with female sex, favorable histology, no visceral or other bone metastases, good performance status, being ambulatory before radiotherapy, longer interval between tumor diagnosis and MSCC, and slower development of motor deficits before radiotherapy. Long-course radiotherapy showed a trend. On multivariate analysis, histology, visceral metastases, other bone metastases, ambulatory status before radiotherapy, interval between tumor diagnosis and MSCC, and time of developing motor deficits maintained significance. Conclusion Poorer local control after radiotherapy for MSCC is associated with visceral metastases and short-course radiotherapy. Long-course radiotherapy seems preferable for patients with more favorable prognoses, given that these patients may live long enough to develop MSCC recurrences. Long-term survival after radiotherapy for MSCC may be predicted if several prognostic factors are considered.
Co-evolution of transcription factors and their targets depends on mode of regulation.
Authors: Ruth Hershberg, Hanah Margalit
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Abstract Background Differences in the transcription regulation network are at the root of much of the phenotypic variation observed among organisms. These differences may be achieved either by changing the repertoire of regulators and/or their targets, or by rewiring the network. Following these changes and studying their logic is crucial for understanding the evolution of regulatory networks. Results We use the well characterized transcription regulatory network of Escherichia coli K12 and follow the evolutionary changes in the repertoire of regulators and their targets across a large number of fully sequenced γ-proteobacteria. By focusing on close relatives of E. coli K12, we study the dynamics of the evolution of transcription regulation across a relatively short evolutionary timescale. We show significant differences in the evolution of repressors and activators. Repressors are only lost from a genome once their targets have themselves been lost, or once the network has significantly rewired. In contrast, activators are often lost even when their targets remain in the genome. As a result, E. coli K12 repressors that regulate many targets are rarely absent from organisms that are closely related to E. coli K12, while activators with a similar number of targets are often absent in these organisms. Conclusion We demonstrate that the mode of regulation exerted by transcription factors has a strong effect on their evolution. Repressors co-evolve tightly with their target genes. In contrast, activators can be lost independently of their targets. In fact, loss of an activator can lead to efficient shutdown of an unnecessary pathway.
Reinfusion of Autologous Lymphocytes With Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Induces Rapid Recovery of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells After High-Dose Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: G. C. de Gast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Repeated high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by peripheral-blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation can induce a complete remission in patients with metastatic breast cancer sensitive to standard chemotherapy (CT), but the majority of patients relapse within 1 to 2 years. The immune system is seriously compromised after HDCT, which precludes the development of effective immunotherapy. We investigated whether autologous lymphocytes, reinfused after HDCT, could induce a rapid recovery of T cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients were monitored for immune recovery without reinfusion of lymphocytes. In the next 11 patients, stem cells were harvested after CT + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and lymphocytes were harvested after CT + granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2. These patients received stem cells and G-CSF after the first HDCT; stem cells, G-CSF, and lymphocytes after the second; and stem cells, GM-CSF, and lymphocytes after the third HDCT. RESULTS: Patients not receiving lymphocyte reinfusion had a very slow recovery of lymphocytes. In particular, CD4 counts remained low (< 200/μL for 9 months). Lymphocyte reinfusion had a significant effect on the recovery of lymphocytes, T cells, and CD8+ T cells (normalized on day 25). Recovery of CD4+ T cells was significantly accelerated by lymphocyte reinfusion and GM-CSF, leading to counts of 500/μL at 25 days. CONCLUSION: Lymphocyte reinfusion with G-CSF had a significant effect on the recovery of CD8+ T cells, whereas rapid recovery of CD4+ T cells required lymphocyte reinfusion and GM-CSF, which possibly acts as a survival factor through activation of antigen presenting cells. Whether the rapid recovery of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prevents or delays relapse of the disease should be further investigated.
GW25-e4167 QiShen YiQi Pills ameliorates ventricular fibrosis and dysfunction via regulation the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis rats
Authors: Ma Shiyu, Jin Ma, Chunhua Ding, Minzhou Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
ATP-Binding Cassette Cholesterol Transporters and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: John F. Oram, Ashley M. Vaughan
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

A hallmark of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the accumulation of cholesterol in arterial macrophages. Factors that modulate circulating and tissue cholesterol levels have major impacts on initiation, progression, and regression of CVD. Four members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family play important roles in this modulation. ABCA1 and ABCG1 export excess cellular cholesterol into the HDL pathway and reduce cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. ABCG5 and ABCG8 form heterodimers that limit absorption of dietary sterols in the intestine and promote cholesterol elimination from the body through hepatobiliary secretion. All 4 transporters are induced by the same sterol-sensing nuclear receptor system. ABCA1 expression and activity are also highly regulated posttranscriptionally by diverse processes. ABCA1 mutations can cause a severe HDL-deficiency syndrome characterized by cholesterol deposition in tissue macrophages and prevalent atherosclerosis. ABCG5 or ABCG8 mutations can cause sitosterolemia, in which patients accumulate cholesterol and plant sterols in the circulation and develop premature CVD. Disrupting Abca1 or Abcg1 in mice promotes accumulation of excess cholesterol in macrophages, and manipulating mouse macrophage ABCA1 expression affects atherogenesis. Overexpressing ABCG5 and ABCG8 in mice attenuates diet-induced atherosclerosis in association with reduced circulating and liver cholesterol. Metabolites elevated in individuals with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes destabilize ABCA1 protein and inhibit transcription of all 4 transporters. Thus, impaired ABC cholesterol transporters might contribute to the enhanced atherogenesis associated with common inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Their beneficial effects on cholesterol homeostasis have made these transporters important new therapeutic targets for preventing and reversing CVD.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LYMPHATIC GLANDS SITUATED ON THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE ATLAS
Authors: A. E. Maylard
Journal: BMJ (1917)

aarrowing immediately anterior to the nucleus.Tho cytoplasm was ifelatively clear; and showed an alveolar structure.The posterior end was usually blunt, and-t4ie large rounded bleuharonlast was terminal or nearly g.oI Thb un4tilatingi -mern- btane w&s poorly deve- loped, -o thlat the flagel- lum-ran usually along tlbody in a more.or )ess straight line, and 'there was always .a long hr e e portioni to the flagellum.The nucleus was loug, oval, an'd oiten (livided into several
Non-Aids Retroviral Infections in Humans
Authors: D E McFarlin, W A Blattner
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1991)

In the decade since the first human retrovirus was identified, one form of leukemia and a chronic neurological disorder have been shown to be related to this agent. A spectrum of lymphomas, additional inflammatory disorders such as polymyositis, and possibly other neurological diseases also have been linked to HTLV-I infection. Although the pathogenesis of these disorders remains to be defined, these exciting developments coupled with the discovery that AIDS is a retroviral-induced disease indicate that human retroviruses are responsible for a variety of human disorders and suggest that other agents such as members of the foamy virus subfamily, as well as yet unidentified human retroviruses, may produce other human diseases.
Influence of respiratory variables on the on-line detection of exhaled trace gases by PTR-MS
Authors: P. R. Boshier, O. H. Priest, G. B. Hanna, N. Marczin
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Modern gas analysis techniques permit real time and on-line quantification of multiple volatile trace gases within a single exhalation. However, the influence of various respiratory manoeuvres affecting exhalation flow and the kinetics of metabolite release to the gas-phase remain largely unknown.We examined variation in the concentrations of selected trace gases over a range of expiratory flows (50; 100; 250 ml/s) and after 30 second periods of breathold and paced hyperventilation. On-line measurement of breath samples from healthy volunteers (n=10) was performed by proton transfer mass spectrometry.Exhaled acetone increased with higher expiratory flow rate (805, 838, 898 ppb, p=0.02). Levels of methanol (206 vs 179 ppb, p<0.01), acetaldehyde (26 vs 22 ppb, p<0.01), ethanol (410 vs 208 ppb, p=0.01) and dimethyl sulphide (113 vs 103 ncps, p<0.01) fell significantly following 30s hyperventilation. After 30 second breathold levels of methanol (206 vs 217 ppb, p=0.02), acetone (805 vs 869 ppb, p<0.01), isoprene (348 vs 390 ppb, p=0.02) and dimethyl sulphide (113 vs 136 ncps, p=0.02) increased significantly. Variation in respiratory parameters did not significantly alters the level of acetonitrile, propanol and butyric acid within the breath of healthy subjects.These findings demonstrate that respiratory manoeuvres significantly influence the measured concentration of a number of exhaled VOCs that are of potential importance within the clinical setting. Our results support the adoption of standardised practices for breath gas analysis by on-line and real time mass spectrometry methods.