tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopic intrabullous autologous blood instillation (BIABI) for the treatment of severe bullous emphysema
Authors: William McNulty, Zaid Zoumot, Samuel Kemp, Cielito Caneja, Pallav Shah
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background 

Giant bullae contribute to breathlessness through hyperinflation, airflow obstruction and V/Q mismatch in emphysema. Surgical removal is the optimal treatment but has an associated morbidity.

Aims and objectives 

This single arm, open label interventional trial aims to determine the effect of bronchoscopic intrabullous autologous blood instillation (BIABI) on lung volumes, spirometry, quality of life and 6 minute walk distance.

Methods 

Six patients who were considered not suitable or declined bullectomy were recruited. All patients had confirmed COPD with significant hyperinflation and a giant bulla. At day case bronchoscopy under conscious sedation, the giant bulla was cannulated with an extended working channel. 240mls of blood was instilled under fluoroscopy. Patients were reviewed at three months to assess lung function, quality of life and 6 minute walk distance.

Results 

Data is presented in the table as median (range). In this small group of patients there were clinically meaningful improvements in 6 minute walk distance, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores, spirometry and residual volume (RV). The number of patients is too small to allow statistical analysis.

View this table:



Conclusions 

BIABI may offer functional and physiological improvements to patients with giant bullous emphysema. Further work is ongoing to determine the effect on quality of life, lung function and CT determined lung volumes in a larger group of patients.
Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin interacts with a leukocyte signal transduction complex and stimulates bacterial adherence to monocyte CR3 (CD11b/CD18).
Authors: Y Ishibashi, S Claus, D A Relman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, adheres to human monocytes/macrophages by means of a bacterial surface-associated protein, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and the leukocyte integrin, complement receptor 3 (CR3, alpha M beta 2, CD11b/CD18). We show that an FHA Arg-Gly-Asp site induces enhanced B. pertussis binding to monocytes, and that this enhancement is blocked by antibodies directed against CR3. Enhancement requires a monocyte signal transduction complex, composed of leukocyte response integrin (alpha? beta 3) and integrin-associated protein (CD47). This complex is known to upregulate CR3 binding activity. Thus, a bacterial pathogen enhances its own attachment to host cells by coopting a host cell signaling pathway.
Chronic one-kidney hypertension in rabbits. II. Evidence for a new factor.
Authors: L T Skeggs, J R Kahn, M Levine, F E Dorer, K E Lentz
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The arterial pressure of rabbits with chronic one-kidney hypertension can be lowered to normotensive levels by direct immunization with preparations made from the cortex of hog kidneys. Hypertensive rabbits that are immunized with large amounts of renin may develop high plasma antirenin titers without affecting their blood pressure. Removal of renin by chromatography on columns of immobilized antirenin yields preparations with little or no renin. Such preparations may be effective in lowering blood pressure although they do not elicit the formation of plasma antirenin and the rabbits remain sensitive to challenging doses of rabbit renin. The evidence suggests that an unknown substance is responsible for the development of a cross-reacting antibody that neutralizes an unknown factor that is essential for the maintence of an elevated blood pressure level in rabbits with chronic one-kidney hypertension.
Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis: the central role of PGC-1 
Authors: R. Ventura-Clapier, A. Garnier, V. Veksler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Although the concept of energy starvation in the failing heart was proposed decades ago, still very little is known about the origin of energetic failure. Recent advances in molecular biology have started to elucidate the transcriptional events governing mitochondrial biogenesis. In particular, a great step was taken with the discovery that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator (PGC-1alpha) is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the downregulation of PGC-1alpha and the consequent decrease in mitochondrial function in heart failure are, however, still poorly understood. Indeed, the main pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis are thought to be up- rather than down-regulated in pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. The current review summarizes recent advances in this field and is restricted to the heart when cardiac data are available.
An artificial neural network improves the non-invasive diagnosis of significant fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients
Authors: Salvador Resino, José Antonio Seoane, José María Bellón, Julián Dorado, Fernando Martin-Sanchez, Emilio Álvarez, Jaime Cosín, Juan Carlos López, Guilllermo Lopéz, Pilar Miralles
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Features of T cells causing H-2-restricted lethal graft-vs.-host disease across minor histocompatibility barriers.
Authors: R Korngold, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Evidence is presented that T cells that produce lethal graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) to minor histocompatibility antigens (minor HA) comprise discrete subgroups of H-2K- and H-2D-restricted T cells; double negative selection of T cells in irradiated H-2 recombinant mice was used to separate these two subgroups. No evidence could be found that I-restricted T cells contributed to GVHD, either as effector cells or helper cells. The (unprimed) precursor cells for GVHD expressed the Thy-1+, Lyt-1+/-2, Ia- phenotype. Studies in which H-2-semiallogeneic bone marrow chimeras were used as hosts for negative selection suggested that presentation of minor HA to T cells during the induction phase is controlled by marrow-derived cells; indirect evidence was obtained that these latter cells can "process" minor HA presented on H-2 different cells and thereby render the antigens immunogenic. Studies in which minor HA-different, H-2-compatible chimeras were re-irradiated and then injected with donor-vs.-host T cells suggested that the effector phase of lethal GVHD involves contact of antigen on non-marrow-derived cells.
Principles Underlying the Use of Multiple Informants' Reports
Authors: Andres De Los Reyes, Sarah A. Thomas, Kimberly L. Goodman, Shannon M.A. Kundey
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2012)

Researchers use multiple informants' reports to assess and examine behavior. However, informants' reports commonly disagree. Informants' reports often disagree in their perceived levels of a behavior ("low" versus "elevated" mood), and examining multiple reports in a single study often results in inconsistent findings. Although researchers often espouse taking a multi-informant assessment approach, they frequently address informant discrepancies using techniques that treat discrepancies as measurement error. Yet, recent work indicates that researchers in a variety of fields often may be unable to justify treating informant discrepancies as measurement error. In this review, the authors advance a framework (Operations Triad Model) outlining general principles for using and interpreting informants' reports. Using the framework, researchers can test whether or not they can extract meaningful information about behavior from discrepancies among multiple informants' reports. The authors provide supportive evidence for this framework and discuss its implications for hypothesis testing, study design, and quantitative review.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Improves Vascular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Andreas J. Flammer, Isabella Sudano, Frank Hermann, Steffen Gay, Adrian Forster, Michel Neidhart, Peter Künzler, Frank Enseleit, Daniel Périat, Matthias Hermann, Juerg Nussberger, Thomas F. Luscher, Roberto Corti, Georg Noll, Frank Ruschitzka
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The excess in cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis provides a strong rationale for early therapeutical interventions. In view of the similarities between atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis and the proven benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in atherosclerotic vascular disease, it was the aim of the present study to delineate the impact of ramipril on endothelial function as well as on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods and Results— Eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included in this randomized, double-blind, crossover study to receive ramipril in an uptitration design (2.5 to 10 mg) for 8 weeks followed by placebo, or vice versa, on top of standard antiinflammatory therapy. Endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and disease activity were investigated at baseline and after each treatment period. Endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation increased from 2.85±1.49% to 4.00±1.81% ( P =0.017) after 8 weeks of therapy with ramipril but did not change with placebo (from 2.85±1.49% to 2.84±2.47%; P =0.88). Although systolic blood pressure and heart rate remained unaltered, diastolic blood pressure decreased slightly from 78±7 to 74±6 mm Hg ( P =0.03). Tumor necrosis factor-α showed a significant inverse correlation with flow-mediated dilation ( r =−0.408, P =0.02), and CD40 significantly decreased after ramipril therapy ( P =0.049). Conclusions— Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with 10 mg/d ramipril for 8 weeks on top of current antiinflammatory treatment markedly improved endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This finding suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition may provide a novel strategy to prevent cardiovascular events in these patients.
Exercise is medicine, for the body and the brain
Authors: Lindsay S Nagamatsu, Leon Flicker, Arthur F Kramer, Michelle W Voss, Kirk I Erickson, Chun Liang Hsu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Aphasic patients were given tests assessing pantomime recognition, reading comprehension, aural comprehension, and naming ability to determine whether defective pantomime recognition could be the result of a disturbance of symbolic thinking also affecting linguistic functioning. Defects in pantomime recognition always occurred in conjunction with reading defects of at least comparable severity, but reading defects sometimes occurred without comparable defects in pantomime recognition. The relationship of pantomime recognition with both aural comprehension and naming ability was significantly weaker than that between pantomime recognition and reading comprehension. The implications of the findings with regard to other nonverbal aphasic symptoms and the role of sensory modality factors are discussed.
Subclinical renal dysfunction is independently associated with cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis: the CARRÉ Study
Authors: A M van Sijl, I A M van den Oever, M J L Peters, M Boers, B A C Dijkmans, V P van Halm, Y M Smulders, A E Voskuyl, M T Nurmohamed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have double the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, largely independently of traditional CV risk factors. Renal dysfunction is associated with CV morbidity and mortality in the general population, but data on this association in RA are lacking.To investigate the association between renal function and CV events in RA.The CARRÉ Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study of Dutch patients with RA, which records CV events. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated with the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Logistic regression determined the association between estimated GFR and the occurrence of CV events.353 patients were followed for 3 years, and 23 (7%) had a CV event. Patients who had an event had a significantly lower baseline GFR than those who did not (59 vs 79 ml/min, p=0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors: in this analysis, a decrease in GFR of 5 ml/min was associated with a 30% (95% CI 7% to 59%) increase in the occurrence of CV events. During follow-up, an unfavourable change in GFR was noted in patients who later had a CV event compared with those who did not.These data confirm that, in RA, renal dysfunction is associated with a higher risk of CV disease independently of traditional CV risk factors.
Serum markers of liver fibrosis in patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Correlation to liver morphology and effect of therapy
Authors: J. Holomáň, J. Glasa, J. Kazár, V. Hajnická, J. Mišianik, S. Galbavý, S. Hrušovský
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Promoting Effect of Citrulline in Hepatocarconogenesis: Possbile Mechanism in Hypercitrullinemia
Authors: Maski Nakayama, Yasuyki Okamoto, Tomofumi Morita, Makoto Matsumoto, Hiroshi Fukui, Hiroshi Nakano, Tadasu Tsujii
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Hypercitrullinemia (adult type), believed to be one of the hereditary urea cycle disorders, is known to be complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma at a high incidence (approximately 14%). Weinvestigated the relationship between this hypercitrullinemia and he–patocarcinogenesis. After the addition of citrulline, incorporation of tritiated thymidine into primary cultured hepatocytes of adult rat increased in a dose–dependent fashion in the range of 0.1 to 5 mmol/L. The citrulline–added group also showed significant in–crease in ornithine and polyamine contents in hepatpcytes. The incidence of epithelial cell foci in the in vivo–in vitro tumor promotion analyzing system significantly rose in the group maintained with mmol/L citrulline and in the group maintained with 1.5 mmol/L phenobarbital. These findings suggest the possiblility that citrulline has a promotion effect on hepatocyte proliferation and that at high concentra–tions it plays the role of a hepatocarcinogenesis pro–moter.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:819–823.)
Warts
Authors: Beverly B. Sanders
Journal: JAMA (1976)

WARTS are common skin tumors caused by a papovavirus,<sup>1</sup>which occur in approximately 7% to 10% of the population.<sup>2</sup>The highest frequency is in the early teens; however, warts may occur at any age. Proper management of warts in office practice depends on three basic principles: (1) Correct diagnosis, (2) natural history, and (3) familiarity with different treatments. Although most warts are easily recognized, occasionally more serious conditions, such as squamous cell carcinomas and deep fungal infections, can be mistaken for the common wart. They are benign lesions (with the possible rare exception of a giant condyloma acuminatum<sup>3</sup>), and most will eventually resolve spontaneously. A therapy may be well suited for one particular clinical type of wart, and yet be ineffective or inferior to other modalities in the treatment of other types of warts. This discussion is concerned first with the multiplicity of forms the wart may
Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan
Authors: MYRON J. TONG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Serums from 55 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were examined for the presence of hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA). Forty-four (80%) had the antigen in their serums; alpha fetoglobulins were detected in 32 of 55 serums analyzed (58%). One hundred and thirty-eight of 943 (14.6%) healthy Chinese control subjects with normal serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity had HAA in their serums. There was no apparent correlation between the presence of alpha fetoglobulins and HAA positivity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
THE HYPOMANIC ALERT: A PROGRAM DESIGNED FOR GREATER THERAPEUTIC CONTROL
Authors: JEROME E. JACOBSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

A program is described for the rapid detection and control of hypomanic episodes. This program has four salient features. 1. A systematic search for a pathognomonic tell-tale sign in each patient which heralds the onset of an attack. 2. The education of the patient and his family to the importance of detecting and reporting such signs or even suspicions of impending signs without delay. 3. The use of ancillary personnel to maintain regular monthly contacts with the patient and the family during symptom-free periods and to provide additional clinical observations. This program provides a financial saving for the patient and a reduction of the time demand on the psychiatrist while maintaining therapeutic efficiency. 4. The carefully controlled, intensive and early use of LiCO3 as the primary approach to alleviate hypomanic states. Lithium therapy approaches 100 percent effectiveness if used at the first sign of a hypomanic attack. This program has proven both successful and practical for the management of a condition previously considered very difficult to treat.
Gestational Weight Gain and Exposure of Newborns to Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors: Esther Vizcaino, Joan O. Grimalt, Berit Glomstad, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Adonina Tardón
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during fetal development can increase the risk of adverse health effects during childhood. Maternal characteristics and physiological changes during gestation, such as gestational weight gain (GWG), may have an influence in the overall burden of POPs in neonates. However, the associations between GWG and POP concentrations are still not well established.We examined the association of GWG with cord serum POPs concentrations after adjusting for prepregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) and other potential determinants of the transfer of POPs into newborns. The GWG values were evaluated after grouping by the reference guidelines of the Institute of Medicine (IOM).We measured levels of 14 organochlorine pesticides, 7 polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), and 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 325 cord serum samples from a Spanish birth cohort. Multivariable models were used to estimate associations of GWG, prepregnancy BMI, and other maternal determinants on cord serum concentrations of POPs.Neonatal concentrations of POPs were inversely associated with GWG after adjustment for age, prepregnancy BMI, educational level, and fish consumption. On average, neonates of women with IOM-recommended GWG have lower POP concentrations than do neonates of mothers with inadequate GWG.The present findings suggest an association between neonatal exposure to POPs and inadequate GWG during pregnancy. Encouraging pregnant women to meet the recommended IOM guidelines for GWG may reduce the accumulation of POPs in newborns.
Insufficient Control of Blood Pressure and Incident Diabetes
Authors: Raffaele Izzo, Giovanni de Simone, Marcello Chinali, Guido Iaccarino, Valentina Trimarco, Francesco Rozza, Renata Giudice, Bruno Trimarco, Nicola De Luca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Incidence of type 2 diabetes might be associated with preexisting hypertension. There is no information on whether incident diabetes is predicted by blood pressure control. We evaluated the hazard of diabetes in relation to blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nondiabetic, otherwise healthy, hypertensive patients (N = 1,754, mean ± SD age 52 ± 11 years, 43% women) participated in a network over 3.4 ± 1 years of follow-up. Blood pressure was considered uncontrolled if systolic was ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic was ≥90 mmHg at the last outpatient visit. Diabetes was defined according to American Diabetes Association guidelines. RESULTS Uncontrolled blood pressure despite antihypertensive treatment was found in 712 patients (41%). At baseline, patients with uncontrolled blood pressure were slightly younger than patients with controlled blood pressure (51 ± 11 vs. 53 ± 12 years, P &amp;lt; 0.001), with no differences in sex distribution, BMI, duration of hypertension, baseline blood pressure, fasting glucose, serum creatinine and potassium, lipid profile, or prevalence of metabolic syndrome. During follow-up, 109 subjects developed diabetes. Incidence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled (8%) than in those with controlled blood pressure (4%, odds ratio 2.08, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In Cox regression analysis controlling for baseline systolic blood pressure and BMI, family history of diabetes, and physical activity, uncontrolled blood pressure doubled the risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, P &amp;lt; 0.001), independently of significant effects of age (HR 1.02 per year, P = 0.03) and baseline fasting glucose (HR 1.10 per mg/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In a large sample of treated nondiabetic hypertensive subjects, uncontrolled blood pressure is associated with twofold increased risk of incident diabetes independently of age, BMI, baseline blood pressure, or fasting glucose.
A Case of Angioma of the Pharynx
Authors: R. N. Wolfenden
Journal: BMJ (1887)

1i'RB MB1?iT4sft IWw ,' 1271, cataract in both eyes, and is wittia a few months of completing her century.She took a fortnight to consider my proposal, and then, exercising the undoubted prerogative of her sex, and perhaps, also, at such an exceptionally advanced age, a wise discretion declined it.In three of the four cases I have mentioned I had performed a preliminary iridectomy some months before the removal of the cataracts, and I shall in future, if opportunity favour me, adopt a similar pre- caution in operating upon patients of advanced age, as I am convinced that by so doing a higher average of success is achieved.Mr. Higgens, not long ago, published a series of cataract-operations on old people in which he had obtained very excellent results, and I hope that his experience and my own may encourage others to attempt the storming of these ancient citadels, for the gift of sight is none the less prized and gratefully welcomed by the aged, because it comes to them in the sunset of their life.
Transmission of Mammary Tumor Virus in Mouse Strain DD: Further Support for the Uniqueness of Strain GR
Authors: G. Vlahakis, W. E. Heston, H. C. Chopra
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Outcrosses between high tumor mouse strain DD and low-incidence strains BALB/c and C57BL to produce reciprocal F1 susceptible offspring of both types resulted in high incidences of mammary tumors in (DD female X BALB/c male)F1 and (DD female X C57BL male)F1 females but not in the reciprocal hybrids with DD as the male parent. The finding that transmission of murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) in DD was through the milk, as most often observed in mouse strains, further supported the uniqueness of strain GR in which MuMTV is transmitted by either parent.