tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to a human liver membrane lipoprotein (LSP) in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: D Tsantoulas, A Perperas, B Portmann, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1980)

Antibodies reacting with a human liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (LSP) have been detected using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay in 19 (51%) of 37 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The anti-LSP antibodies were found only in the later stages of the disease as judged by histological criteria, being present in 73% of those in stage IV, 44% of those in stage III, and none of those in stage I or II. Although there was no relationship between percentage binding and standard liver function tests, there was a close correlation between percentage binding of 125I-LSP by serum and the extent of piecemeal necrosis of periportal hepatocytes on liver biopsy. The timing of the anti-LSP response makes it very unlikely that it is involved in the pathogenesis of the early bile duct damage but the results of this and other studies suggest that antibodies to this hepatocyte membrane lipoprotein may be an important cause of periportal liver cell necrosis in both primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis and could be one of the factors determining progression to cirrhosis in both these conditions.
Hepatitis C virus acts as a tumor accelerator by blocking apoptosis in a mouse model of hepatocarcinogenesis†
Authors: Yoshitaka Kamegaya, Yoichi Hiasa, Lawrence Zukerberg, Nina Fowler, Jason T. Blackard, Wenyu Lin, Won H. Choe, Emmett V. Schmidt, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

We developed hepatitis C virus (HCV) core-E1-E2 and HCV core transgenic mice on a common genetic background to assess the contribution of HCV structural proteins to hepatocarcinogenesis. Eight-week-old core-E1-E2, core, and nontransgenic mice inbred on the FVB×C57Bl/6 background were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and sacrificed at 32 weeks old. Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The effect of viral proteins on apoptosis was evaluated in HepG2 cells in which apoptosis was induced by anti-Fas antibody. HCCs were identified at 32 weeks in the majority of DEN-treated mice from all three groups. The mean size of HCCs was significantly larger in core-E1-E2 transgenic (4.63 ± 1.48 mm), compared with core transgenic (0.78 ± 0.26 mm, P = .01), and nontransgenic (1.0 ± 0.19 mm, P = .002) mice. While there were no differences in proliferation, the apoptotic index in core-E1-E2 transgenic HCCs was significantly lower than those found in core and non-transgenic HCCs. Core-E1-E2 transfected HepG2 cells demonstrated a significantly lower apoptotic index (0.35 ± 0.11) compared with that of core transfected cells (0.74 ± 0.07, P = .0103). Analysis of a Fas-induced apoptosis model in HCV transgenic mice confirmed that core-E1-E2 transgenic liver underwent significantly less apoptosis than transgenic tissue expressing core only. In conclusion, HCV core-E1-E2 transgenic mice develop significantly larger tumors than transgenic mice expressing core alone or nontransgenic mice. The accelerated tumor phenotype is attributable to suppression of apoptosis rather than enhanced proliferation. These data implicate HCV E1 and/or E2 in conjunction with core as antiapoptotic, tumor accelerator proteins. (HEPATOLOGY 2005; 41:660–667.)
Treatment of Snakebite-Reply
Authors: Thomas G. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1976)

I presented my work and ideas as a positive approach to the treatment of snakebite. The reader may accept or reject it as he wishes.  Since June 7, 1976, I have received more than 700 requests for printed information. I ordered 2,000 reprints which will soon be gone.  The article was written more than a year ago, and since that time I have made some determinations that might be of help to the reader. I have noted over the years that the low fibrinogen levels and depressed platelet counts persisted in some patients for five days even when partially corrected with platelet packs and commercial fibrinogen. I now have five cases in which complete defibrination occurred within four hours postbite; in these cases, the combined use of as little as 10 ml antivenin administered intravenously at the same time the platelet packs and commercial fibrinogen were given has
US experts revise heart treatment guidelines
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors should be more aggressive in treating patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease to reduce their risks of future events, say guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology ( Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2006;47:2130-9; Circulation 2006;113:2363-72; www.acc.org; and www.americanheart.org).

The guidelines call for more exercise, flu vaccinations, lower blood pressure, no exposure to smoke, and lowering cholesterol with statins.

“Aggressive comprehensive risk factor management improves survival, reduces recurrent events and the need for interventional procedures, and improves the quality of life for …
Hippocampal volume losses in minimally impaired elderly
Authors: Antonio Convit, MonyJ. de Leon, Chaim Tarshish, Susan De Santi, Alan Kluger, Henry Rusinek, AjaxE. George
Journal: The Lancet (1995)

study hypotheses.Differential misclassification in this data set is unlikely because both the exposures and the outcomes of interest were determined without knowledge of study hypotheses.If random misclassification occurred in the data, the true relation between stilboestrol exposure in utero and pre-eclampsia might be greater than we report.We wonder if in-utero exposure to stilboestrol could induce an anatomical change in the genitourinary tract that predisposes to pre- eclampsia.It has been reported that there are no gross urinary tract anomalies in these exposed women, although other gross anomalies, such as constriction rings of the uterus, have been described.Given that the morbidity of pre-eclampsia is not inconsequential and that there are about two million such daughters in the USA alone, it is possible that the excess pre-eclampsia associated with stilboestrol exposure in utero might have added, and might continue to add, a substantial burden to maternal and neonatal morbidity, if not mortality.
The AHCPR Unstable Angina Algorithm in Practice
Authors: Farrell Lloyd, Valerie F. Reyna, Richard S. Liebowitz, Terence D. Valenzuela
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Katz and colleagues 1 compare the actual disposition of patients with a diagnosis of unstable angina in emergency departments (EDs) with recommendations based on a national guideline from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). This work is significant because guidelines potentially influence both quality of care and utilization of scarce resources. Furthermore, the pressure to adopt guidelines is increasing as managed care proliferates.  However, we would temper the authors' conclusion that adoption of the guideline is unlikely to achieve significant reductions in hospitalization. First, the definition of the cohort of patients in the study by Katz et al is likely to underestimate the number of low-risk patients and, thus, the extent of potential reductions. Katz et al did not explicitly distinguish between 2 groups of patients: those identified with unstable angina, who are at low risk for acute myocardial infarction (MI), vs those
Chemoimmunotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: long-term results of the HLH-94 treatment protocol
Authors: Helena Trottestam, AnnaCarin Horne, Maurizio Aricò, R. Maarten Egeler, Alexandra H. Filipovich, Helmut Gadner, Shinsaku Imashuku, Stephan Ladisch, David Webb, Gritta Janka, Jan-Inge Henter
Journal: Blood (2011)
Clinicopathologic Analysis of ROS1-Rearranged Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Proposal of a Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Heounjeong Go, Dong-Wan Kim, Donghyun Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Yung-Jue Bang, Doo Hyun Chung
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Increased exercise tolerance with nitrates in beta-blockaded patients with angina.
Authors: R H Baxter, I M Lennox
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In 14 beta-blockaded anginal subjects, 10 of whom had poor left ventricular function, sublingual isosorbide dinitrate significantly increased maximal exercise capacity on a standardized multistage treadmill test. This was associated with changes in heart rate and blood pressure suggestive of a fall in left ventricular work. The effect of isosorbide lasts for at least two hours and when taken before exercise may be a useful addition to beta-blockade in patients with angina.
Biological Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2*
Authors: Andreas Bikfalvi, Sharon Klein, Giuseppe Pintucci, Daniel B. Rifkin
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1997)

I. Introduction II. Structure of FGF-2 III. Mechanisms of Action of FGF-2: Extra- and Intracellular Signaling A. Exogenous 18-kDa FGF-2 B. Endogenous 18-kDa FGF-2 and HMW FGF-2 IV. Release of FGF-2 V. Roles of FGF-2 in Development and Differentiation in Various Organ Systems A. Mesoderm induction B. Angiogenesis C. Vessel wall D. Lung E. Hematopoiesis F. Nervous system G. Reproductive system H. Skin I. Eye J. Muscle and skeleton K. Digestive system VI. Conclusions
[244] CHANGES IN THE PROFILES OF CAUSATIVE AGENTS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE RATE FOR SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS: AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURED MICROORGANISM IN RECENT 12 YEARS
Authors: M.K. Park, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Byun, J.H. Song, B.C. Yoo, G.Y. Gwak, M.S. Choi, K.C. Koh, S.W. Paik, J.C. Rhee, J.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Google launches free electronic health records service for patients
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Google, the search engine giant, has launched Google Health, a free service for patients offering a personal electronic medical record (www.google.com/health). But the move has prompted fears over the security of health information stored in this way.

President George Bush has promoted electronic health records as a means of reducing medical errors and cutting the costs of health care in the United States. But uptake has so far been slow.

The new Google service will compete with similar services offered by other commercial internet health services, such as WebMD. Electronic medical histories are also stored by major health insurance companies.

An individual will be able to create an account, protected by a password, and enter personal medical records, either by keying them …
Emerging Neurotechnologies for Lie-Detection: Promises and Perils
Authors: Paul Root Wolpe, Kenneth R. Foster, Daniel D. Langleben
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Detection of deception and confirmation of truth telling with conventional polygraphy raised a host of technical and ethical issues. Recently, newer methods of recording electromagnetic signals from the brain show promise in permitting the detection of deception or truth telling. Some are even being promoted as more accurate than conventional polygraphy. While the new technologies raise issues of personal privacy, acceptable forensic application, and other social issues, the focus of this paper is the technical limitations of the developing technology. Those limitations include the measurement validity of the new technologies, which remains largely unknown. Another set of questions pertains to the psychological paradigms used to model or constrain the target behavior. Finally, there is little standardization in the field, and the vulnerability of the techniques to countermeasures is unknown. Premature application of these technologies outside of research settings should be resisted, and the social conversation about the appropriate parameters of its civil, forensic, and security use should begin.
The Distribution of Cardiac Potentials Around the Chest in One Hundred and Three Normal Men
Authors: ERNST SIMONSON
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Chest leads farther right to V 1 and farther left to V 6 have been suggested, and are increasingly used, for diagnosis of right ventricular or posterior wall lesions. Normal standards are provided for the regional distribution of seven arbitrarily defined patterns and amplitudes of main deflections, in five positional groups, in 15 leads around the chest, resulting in statistical evaluation of 600 electrocardiographic items. In general, the results favor a much more conservative interpretation than has been noted in the past. Some implications to electrocardiographic theory are discussed.
Mechanical and morphometrical changes in progressive bilateral pneumothorax and pleural effusion in normal rats
Authors: AS Sousa, RJ Moll, CF Pontes, PH Saldiva, WA Zin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Respiratory changes resulting from stepwise intrathoracic injections of 4 ml of either room air or warm (37 degrees C) Haemaccel, simulating pneumothorax and pleural effusion, respectively, were evaluated in anaesthetized, paralysed, and mechanically-ventilated rats. Respiratory system, lung, and chest wall resistances and elastances (static and dynamic) were determined in 14 animals. For this purpose, the end-inflation occlusion during constant inspiratory flow method was used. Chest wall configuration at both functional residual capacity (FRC) and end-inspiration tidal volume (i.e. FRC+(VT)) was also evaluated in: 1) 15 rats by measurements of lateral and anteroposterior diameters, and circumferences at the 3rd intercostal space and xiphoid levels; and 2) in 16 rats by measurements of thoracic cephalocaudal diameter. In addition, changes in functional residual capacity were measured. Both in pneumothorax and pleural effusion, resistances were not altered, but static and dynamic respiratory system and lung elastances increased progressively. Morphometric changes were similar at both functional residual capacity and end-inspiration; however, whereas pleural effusion increased all diameters, pneumothorax did not modify lateral diameter. Functional residual capacity was decreased in both conditions. In conclusion, pneumothorax and pleural effusion induced similar mechanical changes, but thoracic configuration was differently affected, since lateral diameters were increased in pleural effusion only.
“Adhesionectomy” under Visual Control in Conjunction with Laparoscopy - Application of Microwave Tissue Coagulation
Authors: M. Watanabe, Y. Takatori, K. Ueki, T. Matsura, H. Hirakawa, S. Fukumoto, Y. Shimada
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

See also: Laparoscopic AppendicectomyEndoscopy 1987; 19(03): 127-129DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018257 Corrected by: Errata: “Adhesionectomy” under Visual Control in Conjunction with Laparoscopy - Application of Microwave Tissue CoagulationEndoscopy 1988; 20(06): 339-339DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018215
HTLV-1 induces a Th1-like state in CD4+CCR4+ T cells
Authors: Natsumi Araya, Tomoo Sato, Hitoshi Ando, Utano Tomaru, Mari Yoshida, Ariella Coler-Reilly, Naoko Yagishita, Junji Yamauchi, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Mari Kannagi, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Katsunori Takahashi, Yasuo Kunitomo, Yuetsu Tanaka, Toshihiro Nakajima, Kusuki Nishioka, Atae Utsunomiya, Steven Jacobson, Yoshihisa Yamano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to multiple diseases, including the neuroinflammatory disease HTLV-1–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. Evidence suggests that HTLV-1, via the viral protein Tax, exploits CD4+ T cell plasticity and induces transcriptional changes in infected T cells that cause suppressive CD4+CD25+CCR4+ Tregs to lose expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 and produce IFN-γ, thus promoting inflammation. We hypothesized that transformation of HTLV-1–infected CCR4+ T cells into Th1-like cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. Here, using patient cells and cell lines, we demonstrated that Tax, in cooperation with specificity protein 1 (Sp1), boosts expression of the Th1 master regulator T box transcription factor (T-bet) and consequently promotes production of IFN-γ. Evaluation of CSF and spinal cord lesions of HAM/TSP patients revealed the presence of abundant CD4+CCR4+ T cells that coexpressed the Th1 marker CXCR3 and produced T-bet and IFN-γ. Finally, treatment of isolated PBMCs and CNS cells from HAM/TSP patients with an antibody that targets CCR4+ T cells and induces cytotoxicity in these cells reduced both viral load and IFN-γ production, which suggests that targeting CCR4+ T cells may be a viable treatment option for HAM/TSP.
Significance of pulmonary input impedance in right ventricular performance
Authors: H. POULEUR, J. LEFEVRE, Ch. v. EYLL, P. M. JAUMIN, A. A. CHARLIER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Right ventricular adaptation to changes in pulmonary input impedance was studied in open-chest dogs. When identical increases in pulmonary vascular resistance are imposed by two different manoeuvres (lung inflation and clamping of the left pulmonary artery), external power and pressure-time integral of the right ventricle at similar filling pressure are always greater during clamping than during inflation. Further studies demonstrate that, at equal increases in pulmonary input impedance modulus at 0 Hz, the clamping produces a greater change in the sum of the first three harmonics of impedance than the inflation (respectively + 77% and −10% vs control modulus; −82% and +8% vs control phase). These impedance changes could explain the different behaviour of the right ventricle either by better matching of the ventricular internal impedance or by functional modification of the outflow tract.
Abstract 5549: <i>p53</i>-independent radiosensitization of lung cancer cells by inhibition of mTOR pathway
Authors: Yoko Nagata, Takashi Tojo, Ichiro Ota, Ken Ohnishi, Akihisa Takahashi, Takeo Ohnishi, Shigeki Taniguchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A high extent of activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and mutations in the p53 gene are involved in lung cancer therapeutic resistance. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) acts as a downstream effector for Akt and activation of the Akt/mTOR signal is a contributing factor to decreased radiation sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine whether the effect of rapamycin on radiation sensitivity is affected by cellular p53 gene status in two human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with the same genetic background except for their p53 gene status (H1299/wtp53 and H1299/mp53). Cellular radiation sensitivity was evaluated with colony formation assays and apoptosis assays, using Hoechst33342 staining. Rapamycin synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of radiation regardless of p53 gene status, and promoted the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the combined treatment augmented the cytostatic effects of radiation independently of cellular p53 gene status. In agreement with this result, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed increased G1 arrest and suppression of progression to S phase in both cell lines. Western blotting revealed a prominent p53-independent down-regulation of the mTOR signal and pro-survival molecule, cyclin D1 after the combined treatment, suggesting that rapamycin can enhance the effect of radiation through the repression of pro-survival signals and the reduction in the apoptotic threshold. This study indicates that inhibition of the mTOR signal may be a promising strategy for radiosensitization with no relevance to p53 gene status from two aspects of cell lethality and cell growth depression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5549.
Egfl7 Promotes Tumor Escape from Immunity by Repressing Endothelial Cell Activation
Authors: Suzanne Delfortrie, Sébastien Pinte, Virginie Mattot, Chantal Samson, Gaëlle Villain, Bertrand Caetano, Géraldine Lauridant-Philippin, Marie-Christine Baranzelli, Jacques Bonneterre, François Trottein, Christelle Faveeuw, Fabrice Soncin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Downregulating the leukocyte adhesion molecules expressed by endothelial cells that line tumor blood vessels can limit the entry of immune effector cells into the tumor mass, thereby contributing to tumoral immune escape. Egfl7 (also known as VE-statin) is a secreted protein specifically expressed by endothelial cells in normal tissues and by cancer cells in various human tumors. High levels of Egfl7 correlate with higher tumor grade and poorer prognosis. Here we show that expression of Egfl7 in breast and lung carcinoma cells accelerates tumor growth and metastasis in immunocompetent mice but not in immunodeficient mice. Tumors expressing Egfl7 were infiltrated relatively poorly by immune cells and were characterized by reduced levels of immunostimulatory cytokines [IFN-γ, interleukin-12 (IL-12)] and fewer endothelial adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)]. In vitro studies revealed that Egfl7 inhibited the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules by endothelial cells, preventing lymphocyte adhesion. In contrast, Egfl7 did not exert any effects on immune cell activation. Human breast cancer lesions expressing high levels of Egfl7 also expressed less ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in their blood vessels, also indicating an inverse correlation between expression levels of Egfl7 and IFN-γ. Thus, Egfl7 expression in tumors promotes tumor progression by reducing the expression of endothelial molecules that mediate immune cell infiltration. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism through which tumors escape immune control.
Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Louis Malow
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Before giving a critique of the new book<i>Colon and Rectal Surgery</i>, I should like to comment on the number of books published on similar topics. I have reviewed several such volumes and find them very repetitive. Chapters on anatomy, physiology, pathology, and diagnostic techniques are similar, and, after all, how many topics are there to discuss in a specialty such as this? Now, having gotten this off my chest, I found the book extremely thorough, from anatomy and physiology of the colon and rectum, to discussions on various diseases in this area. These descriptive chapters are easy to read and understand, ie, good for medical students, residents, general surgeons, and colorectal specialists. The chapters on various diseases have excellent descriptions, as well as photographs of pathological specimens and endoscopic findings. I found the chapters on diverticular disease, nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases, and carcinoma of the colon and rectum especially
Nedocromil Sodium Inhibits Responsiveness to Inhaled Mannitol in Asthmatic Subjects
Authors: JOHN D. BRANNAN, SANDRA D. ANDERSON, RUTH FREED, JOERG D. LEUPPI, HEIKKI KOSKELA, HAK-KIM CHAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Nedocromil sodium inhibits the response to exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Mannitol given as a powder by inhalation is an osmotic stimulus that identifies EIA. We studied the acute effect of nedocromil on airway responsiveness to mannitol in 24 asthmatic subjects. After a control day, nedocromil (8 mg) or its placebo was administered randomized, double blind, 10 min before a challenge with progressively increasing doses of mannitol. Nedocromil inhibited the response to mannitol and there was a significant increase in the dose of mannitol required to cause a 15% reduction in FEV1 (PD15) after nedocromil 409 (316,503) mg compared with placebo 156 (106,229) mg (p < 0.001). In the presence of nedocromil 12 subjects no longer recorded a 15% decrease in FEV1 in response to mannitol. The remaining 12 required a significantly greater dose of mannitol to achieve a 15% decrease in FEV1 after nedocromil. Following nedocromil, a plateau in responsiveness to mannitol was observed in 14 subjects. Nedocromil significantly inhibits the responsiveness to inhaled mannitol in asthmatic subjects.