tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intraglomerular Hypertension: Implications and Drug Treatment
Authors: S Anderson, B M Brenner
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Nonmydriatic Ocular Fundus Photography in Neurologic Emergencies
Authors: Beau B. Bruce, Valérie Biousse, Nancy J. Newman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

The ocular fundus examination is infrequently and poorly performed in clinical settings, placing patients at risk for missed and delayed diagnosis of vision- and life-threatening neurologic disease.To review the importance of ocular fundus examination, the limitations of direct ophthalmoscopy, and the relative merits of nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography in emergency neurologic diagnosis.PubMed queries were reviewed for articles of relevance to this review. Queries included relevant combinations of the search terms ophthalmoscopy, nonmydriatic, neurology, and emergency, including variant spellings and endings.Nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography is more sensitive than direct ophthalmoscopy in several settings. It can be feasibly performed in emergency departments and has substantial promise in improving neurologic diagnosis, particularly headache and cerebrovascular disease.Nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography has notable advantages over direct ophthalmoscopy that likely outweigh its associated costs. More widespread deployment and integration into neurologic practice is expected to improve diagnosis and patient outcomes.
Radiotherapy and Short-Term Androgen Deprivation for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Christopher U. Jones, Daniel Hunt, David G. McGowan, Mahul B. Amin, Michael P. Chetner, Deborah W. Bruner, Mark H. Leibenhaut, Siraj M. Husain, Marvin Rotman, Luis Souhami, Howard M. Sandler, William U. Shipley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

It is not known whether short-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) before and during radiotherapy improves cancer control and overall survival among patients with early, localized prostate adenocarcinoma.
Inhibition of concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury of mice by bacterial lipopolysaccharide via the induction of IL-6 and the subsequent reduction of IL-4: the cytokine milieu of concanavalin A hepatitis
Authors: Tetsuro Nishikage, Shuhji Seki, Shinichi Toyabe, Toru Abo, Yutaka Kagata, Takehisa Iwai, Hoshio Hiraide
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Different Treatment Modalities for Recurrent Bipolar Affective Disorders: An Integrative Approach
Authors: Neil Johnson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

Pharmacological, behavioural and psychotherapeutic procedures for the acute and prophylactic treatment of mania and depression are considered in outline. It is argued that the manic state is the primary disorder, with depression being a secondary homeostatic response to mania: the prophylaxis of depression thus depends upon the successful long-term control of mania. Suggestions are made regarding ways in which nonpharmacological techniques may be developed to achieve the prophylactic effectiveness against recurrent bipolar affective disorders which is, at the present time, to be found only among pharmacological treatment procedures.
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2012. II: Pneumonia and infection, sepsis, coagulation, hemodynamics, cardiovascular and microcirculation, critical care organization, imaging, ethics and legal issues
Authors: Massimo Antonelli, Marc Bonten, Maurizio Cecconi, Jean Chastre, Giuseppe Citerio, Giorgio Conti, J. Randall Curtis, Goran Hedenstierna, Michael Joannidis, Duncan Macrae, Salvatore M. Maggiore, Jordi Mancebo, Alexandre Mebazaa, Jean-Charles Preiser, Patricia Rocco, Jean-François Timsit, Jan Wernerman, Haibo Zhang
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)

Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2012. II : Pneumonia and infection, sepsis, coagulation, hemodynamics, cardiovascular and microcirculation, critical care organization, imaging, ethics and legal issues
Clinical and ultrasonographic predictors of joint replacement for knee osteoarthritis: results from a large, 3-year, prospective EULAR study
Authors: P. G. Conaghan, M. A. D'Agostino, M. Le Bars, G. Baron, N. Schmidely, R. Wakefield, P. Ravaud, W. Grassi, E. Martin-Mola, A. So, M. Backhaus, M. Malaise, P. Emery, M. Dougados
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine clinical and ultrasonographic predictors of joint replacement surgery across Europe in primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a 3-year prospective study of a painful OA knee cohort (from a EULAR-sponsored, multicentre study). All subjects had clinical evaluation, radiographs and ultrasonography (US) at study entry. The rate of knee replacement surgery over the 3-year follow-up period was determined using Kaplan–Meier survival data analyses. Predictive factors for joint replacement were identified by univariate log-rank test then multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Potential baseline predictors included demographic, clinical, radiographic and US features. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 600 original patients, 531 (88.5%), mean age 67±10 years, mean disease duration 6.1±6.9 years, had follow-up data and were analysed. During follow-up (median 3 years; range 0–4 years), knee replacement was done or required for 94 patients (estimated event rate of 17.7%). In the multivariate analysis, predictors of joint replacement were as follows: Kellgren and Lawrence radiographic grade (grade ≥III vs &lt;III, hazards ratio (HR) = 4.08 (95% CI 2.34 to 7.12), p&lt;0.0001); ultrasonographic knee effusion (≥4 mm vs &lt;4 mm) (HR = 2.63 (95% CI 1.70 to 4.06), p&lt;0.0001); knee pain intensity on a 0–100 mm visual analogue scale (≥60 vs &lt;60) (HR = 1.81 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.83), p=0.01) and disease duration (≥5 years vs &lt;5 years) (HR=1.63 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.47), p=0.02). Clinically detected effusion and US synovitis were not associated with joint replacement in the univariate analysis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Longitudinal evaluation of this OA cohort demonstrated significant progression to joint replacement. In addition to severity of radiographic damage and pain, US-detected effusion was a predictor of subsequent joint replacement.
Sequential dose-dense paclitaxel followed by topotecan in untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a Spanish Lung Cancer Group phase II study
Authors: E. Felip, R. Rosell, M. Domine, L. Santomé, P. Garrido, A. Font, A. Carrato, J. Terrasa, C. Vadell, J.M. Mañe, J. Baselga
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Inflammation as a therapeutic target in heart failure? A scientific statement from the Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Stephane Heymans, Emilio Hirsch, Stefan D. Anker, Pal Aukrust, Jean‐Luc Balligand, Jan W. Cohen‐Tervaert, Helmut Drexler, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stephan B. Felix, Lars Gullestad, Denise Hilfiker‐Kleiner, Stefan Janssens, Roberto Latini, Gitte Neubauer, Walter J. Paulus, Burkert Pieske, Piotr Ponikowski, Blanche Schroen, Heinz‐Peter Schultheiss, Carsten Tschöpe, Marc van Bilsen, Faiez Zannad, John McMurray, Ajay M. Shah
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Potentiation of Adrenergic Venomotor Responses in Dogs by Cardiac Glycosides
Authors: DAVID BRENDER, PAUL M. VANHOUTTE, JOHN T. SHEPHERD
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Acetylstrophanthidin, 0.3 to 10 µg/ml, caused contraction of helical strips of the dog cutaneous vein in an organ bath at 37°C. A latent period of 12 to 60 minutes preceded the contraction. During this time, the vein exhibited a progressive increase in response to transmural electric stimulation and added norepinephrine. As the dose of acetylstrophanthidin was increased, the latent period shortened and the increased response during the latent period was potentiated. When the contraction caused by 10 µg/ml was maximal, no additional contraction occurred with electric stimulation; the response to electric stimulation was only partially restored by the repeated washing out of the drug, despite relaxation of the strip to almost base-line tension. Since transmural electric stimulation causes contraction by release of tissue catecholamines, these experiments demonstrate that digitalis glycosides sensitize the cutaneous veins of the dog to adrenergic stimulation. This was confirmed in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Intravenous injections of acetylstrophanthidin and digoxin, in doses too small (12.5 to 15.5 µ/kg) to cause direct constriction of the lateral saphenous vein, potentiated the constriction of this vein caused by electric stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain.
Neuroendocrine cell populations in normal human lungs: a quantitative study.
Authors: J R Gosney, M C Sissons, R O Allibone
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, identified by their positive immunochemical reaction for neurone specific enolase, were readily demonstrable and uniformly distributed in 15 pairs of normal adult human lungs. About 65% contained gastrin releasing peptide and nearly all the rest contained calcitonin. Leucine-enkephalin was not found. Serotonin containing cells were few, and cells immunoreactive for adrenocorticotrophin and antidiuretic hormone were absent. About one in 10 cells was argyrophilic, and costorage of peptides was not seen.
Empirical Classification of Eating Disorders
Authors: Pamela K. Keel, Tiffany A. Brown, Lauren A. Holland, Lindsay P. Bodell
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2012)

Current diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) account for a minority of individuals with clinically significant disorders of eating, raising concerns about the clinical utility of current definitions. This review examines evidence for the validity of current and alternative approaches to defining eating disorders and implications for draft criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Although this review largely supports the predictive validity of distinctions among AN, BN, and the newly proposed binge eating disorder (BED), it also highlights that our tendency to “study what we define” has created a gap between the problems that people have and what we know about those problems. Future research on the causes and consequences of eating disorders should include more heterogeneous groups to enable identification of meaningful boundaries that distinguish between disorders based on etiological and predictive validity.
Association Between Analytic Strategy and Estimates of Treatment Outcomes in Meta-analyses
Authors: Agnes Dechartres, Douglas G. Altman, Ludovic Trinquart, Isabelle Boutron, Philippe Ravaud
Journal: JAMA (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> A persistent dilemma when performing meta-analyses is whether all available trials should be included in the meta-analysis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare treatment outcomes estimated by meta-analysis of all trials and several alternative analytic strategies: single most precise trial (ie, trial with the narrowest confidence interval), meta-analysis restricted to the 25% largest trials, limit meta-analysis (a meta-analysis model adjusted for small-study effect), and meta-analysis restricted to trials at low overall risk of bias. <h3>Data Sources</h3> One hundred sixty-three meta-analyses published between 2008 and 2010 in high-impact-factor journals and between 2011 and 2013 in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: 92 (705 randomized clinical trials [RCTs]) with subjective outcomes and 71 (535 RCTs) with objective outcomes. <h3>Data Synthesis</h3> For each meta-analysis, the difference in treatment outcomes between meta-analysis of all trials and each alternative strategy, expressed as a ratio of odds ratios (ROR), was assessed considering the dependency between strategies. A difference greater than 30% was considered substantial. RORs were combined by random-effects meta-analysis models to obtain an average difference across the sample. An ROR greater than 1 indicates larger treatment outcomes with meta-analysis of all trials. Subjective and objective outcomes were analyzed separately. <h3>Results</h3> Treatment outcomes were larger in the meta-analysis of all trials than in the single most precise trial (combined ROR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.07-1.19]) for subjective outcomes and 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01-1.05) for objective outcomes). The difference in treatment outcomes between these strategies was substantial in 47 of 92 (51%) meta-analyses of subjective outcomes (meta-analysis of all trials showing larger outcomes in 40/47) and in 28 of 71 (39%) meta-analyses of objective outcomes (meta-analysis of all trials showing larger outcomes in 21/28). The combined ROR for subjective and objective outcomes was, respectively, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04-1.13) and 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00-1.06) when comparing meta-analysis of all trials and meta-analysis of the 25% largest trials, 1.17 (95% CI, 1.11-1.22) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.82-1.55) when comparing meta-analysis of all trials and limit meta-analysis, and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.86-1.04) and 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00-1.06) when comparing meta-analysis of all trials and meta-analysis restricted to trials at low risk of bias. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Estimation of treatment outcomes in meta-analyses differs depending on the strategy used. This instability in findings can result in major alterations in the conclusions derived from the analysis and underlines the need for systematic sensitivity analyses.
Stabilization of Factor VIII in Plasma by the von Willebrand Factor
Authors: Harvey J. Weiss, Ira I. Sussman, Leon W. Hoyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

In normal plasma, the ratio of the procoagulant activity of factor VIII (VIII(AHF)) to that of the von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin cofactor, VIII(VWF)) or factor VIII antigen (VIII(AGN)) is approximately 1, but ratios > 1 (e.g., VIII(AHF) > VIII(VWF) or VIII(AGN)) may be observed in some patients with von Willebrand's disease and in the "late" posttransfusion plasmas of patients with this disorder. The lability of VIII(AHF) was studied by incubating plasma, diluted 1:10 in imidazole buffer pH 7.1, for 6 h at 37 degrees C. With normal plasmas, 77+/-12% (SD) of the original VIII(AHF) activity remained after incubation. VIII(AHF) was labile (e.g., 35-55% residual activity) in the "late" posttransfusion plasmas (VIII(AHF) >> VIII(VWF)) of a patient with von Willebrand's disease, but not in the "early" posttransfusion plasmas (VIII(AHF) approximately VIII(VWF)). VIII(AHF) was also labile in the (base-line) plasmas of three patients with von Willebrand's disease in whom the ratios of VIII(AHF) to VIII(VWF) were 4.4 to 8.1, but not in the plasmas of four other patients in whom the ratio was approximately 1. The electrophoretic mobility of factor VIII antigen was increased in two of the three patients with labile VIII(AHF). In both of these patients, and in the late posttransfusion plasmas, labile VIII(AHF) activity could be stabilized by the addition of purified von Willebrand factor (lacking VIII(AHF) activity) or by hemophilic plasma, but not by plasmas of patients with severe von Willebrand's disease. Thus, VIII(VWF) may serve to stabilize VIII(AHF) and this might explain the posttransfusion findings in von Willebrand's disease.
An Address ON THE MASTER-WORD IN MEDICINE: Delivered to Medical Students on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Laboratories of the Medical Faculty of the University of Toronto, October 1st, 1903
Authors: W. Osler
Journal: BMJ (1903)

But we welcome a new era dawninig on Lus.Liverpool, Birminigham, Sheffield, and other great centres begin to regard the local university as an institution entitled to support from the public means-for instance, by subsidy from public rates.Suchi subsidies can be used also for studies which do not come within allotment fromii the smaller subsidy from the central Governmenit-med icine, for instance.Proud of the young universities-to whiclh yours of Toronto is a time-honoured veteran-communities aind local govern- ments are encouraging research within our uiniversities.They do not expect suclh researclh to be able to pay its owni way, but they recognize that indirectly it does pay the communiity that gives it a home.They feel it a duty wlhich they owe themselves.Is not the university a part of tlheir own life, and is not research a part of the university's life blood ?They feel it a right due to their own higher selves.It stimulates -progress.Supported by the large-handed symlpatlhy of tlle community and the local governiment, it mneans quicker advance, both material and mental, it means inventioni, and it means medical discovery.Quifacit per ali?nm facit per se: that is a motto wortlhy of a State.
Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in a 3-year-old child with cystic fibrosis: A tale of hope
Authors: Patrick Stafler, Colin Wallis
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

In cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic respiratory failure typically develops towards the end of life and represents irreversible organ failure. Traditionally, the perceived futility of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) has precluded its use in CF chronic respiratory failure. However, it can be difficult to estimate the relative contribution of acute reversible exacerbating factors and chronic irreversible changes.

We present the outcome of a 3-year-old girl who was diagnosed with CF during an episode of acute respiratory failure (ARF). She failed to respond to conventional IMV and was treated with extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy.
Significant Linkage to Compulsive Hoarding on Chromosome 14 in Families With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Results From the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study
Authors: Jack Samuels, Yin Yao Shugart, Marco A. Grados, Virginia L. Willour, O. Joseph Bienvenu, Benjamin D. Greenberg, James A. Knowles, James T. McCracken, Scott L. Rauch, Dennis L. Murphy, Ying Wang, Anthony Pinto, Abby J. Fyer, John Piacentini, David L. Pauls, Bernadette Cullen, Steven A. Rasmussen, Rudolf Hoehn-Saric, David Valle, Kung-Yee Liang, Mark A. Riddle, Gerald Nestadt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who have compulsive hoarding behavior are clinically different from other OCD-affected individuals. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are chromosomal regions specifically linked to compulsive hoarding behavior in families with obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHODS: The authors used multipoint allele-sharing methods to assess for linkage in 219 multiplex OCD families collected as part of the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study. The authors treated compulsive hoarding as the phenotype of interest and also stratified families into those with and without two or more relatives affected with compulsive hoarding. Results: Using compulsive hoarding as the phenotype, there was suggestive linkage to chromosome 14 at marker D14S588 (Kong and Cox logarithm of the odds ratio [LOD] [KAC all =2.9]). In families with two or more hoarding relatives, there was significant linkage of OCD to chromosome 14 at marker C14S1937 (KAC all =3.7), whereas in families with fewer than two hoarding relatives, there was suggestive linkage to chromosome 3 at marker D3S2398 (KAC all =2.9). Conclusions: The findings suggest that a region on chromosome 14 is linked with compulsive hoarding behavior in families with OCD.
Clinical value of circulating endothelial cell levels in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy and bevacizumab
Authors: D. Malka, V. Boige, N. Jacques, N. Vimond, A. Adenis, E. Boucher, J.Y. Pierga, T. Conroy, B. Chauffert, E. François, P. Guichard, M.P. Galais, F. Cvitkovic, M. Ducreux, F. Farace
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Adjuvant therapy for colon cancer
Authors: J. S. Macdonald
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1997)

Adjuvant therapy for colon cancer is now a mature and widely accepted standard of care for patients with resected large bowel tumors: adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer has also been shown to be highly cost-effective. The cost of 5-FU/levamisole therapy for stage III colon cancer per year of life saved is less than $ 5,000, which represents a favorable cost-benefit relationship for a medical intervention. The clinician managing a patient with colon cancer at the present time has several options for therapy. In patients with stage III colon cancer, therapy with 5-FU-based regimens clearly increases overall and disease-free survival. It is also clear that the results that have been obtained are not perfect; therefore, the first option of therapy should always be an ongoing clinical trial. Many such trials are available, and Table 7 lists currently active studies in the United States. The clinician managing a patient with stage III colon cancer who is not in a clinical trial may choose a variety of regimens administered for durations of 6 to 12 months (Table 8). The preponderance of evidence suggests that 5-FU plus levamisole for 12 months is equal in efficacy to 5-FU plus leucovorin-based regimens given for a shorter period of time. A clinician may still choose the 5-FU plus levamisole regimen because of the decreased oral, myelosuppressive, and diarrheal toxicities associated with that regimen as opposed to the 5-FU/leucovorin regimens. Portal vein infusion of fluorinated pyrimidines still must be considered investigational. Finally, although we cannot be absolutely sure about the benefit of adjuvant therapy in patients with resected node-negative colon cancer, the NSABP data suggest that some benefit may be seen in these patients. It is known that patients with stage II cancers demonstrating high-grade bowel obstruction or bowel perforation have poor prognoses with surgery alone. Such patients may be good candidates for adjuvant therapy. Also, a major effort to define high risk and low risk for recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer by analyzing molecular genetic factors (tumor ploidy and alternations in tumor suppressor genes) may lead to a selection of Dukes B patients definitely requiring adjuvant therapy.