tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone Improves Cardiac Performance in Experimental Heart Failure
Authors: Renhui Yang, Stuart Bunting, Nancy Gillett, Ross Clark, Hongkui Jin
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Growth hormone has been shown to increase maximum isometric active force of the left ventricular papillary muscle of rats in vitro. Administration of growth hormone causes an increase in myocardial contractility in normal humans. Our preliminary study suggests that treatment with growth hormone results in increased ventricular contractility in rats with left ventricular dysfunction. In the present study, the effects of growth hormone on cardiac function, including cardiac output, stroke volume, and peripheral vascular resistance, were determined in a rat model of heart failure. Methods and Results Ligation of the left coronary artery or sham operation was performed; 4 weeks after surgery, recombinant human growth hormone (2 mg/kg per day SC) or vehicle then was administered for 15 days. The animals were catheterized after 13 days of the treatment. Cardiac output, measured by a thermodilution method, and other hemodynamic parameters were measured in the conscious animals 2 days after catheterization. The infarct sizes induced by left coronary ligation were comparable between growth hormone–treated and vehicle-treated rats. Six weeks after ligation, rats treated with vehicle exhibited significant decreases in cardiac index, stroke volume index, and left ventricular maximum dP/dt and increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure compared with sham rats. In the ligated rats, treatment with growth hormone increased cardiac index, stroke volume index, and left ventricular maximum dP/dt ( P &lt;.05) and reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and systemic vascular resistance ( P &lt;.05). In sham rats, growth hormone slightly reduced arterial pressure but did not significantly alter cardiac performance. There was no significant difference in heart rate between the experimental groups. Conclusions These results suggest that growth hormone treatment may improve cardiac function by both increased myocardial contractility and decreased peripheral vascular resistance in heart failure.
Adherence to Diets for Weight Loss
Authors: William S. Yancy, Megan A. McVay, Grant D. Brinkworth
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2598: RHAMM- A potential predictor of metastasis and therapeutic target in kidney cancer
Authors: Anaid Benitez, Travis Yates, Andrew Chi, Jeffrey Gahan, Vincent Bird, Vinata Lokeshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Up to 25% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have metastasis at initial diagnosis. Current targeted therapies (e.g., Sorafenib) are not curative and the 5-year survival of these patients is &amp;lt;10%. Molecular determinants of RCC growth and metastasis may be accurate prognostic markers for metastasis and could be targeted for therapy. We evaluated the expression of 5 genes (and their splice variants) as prognostic indicators. We also tested the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), a non-toxic, orally bioavailable hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis inhibitor and Sorafenib (Soraf). Tumor specimens were collected from RCC patients undergoing nephrectomy (n=81; T1, 40; T2+, 41; Grade 1, 5; Grade 2, 32; Grade 3, 25; Grade 4, 19). Nine patients developed metastasis within 24 months. Tissue-RNA was subjected to Q-PCR for HA receptors (CD44, RHAMM), chemokine receptors (CXCR4, CXCR7); and chemokines (SDF1-α,β,γ). mRNA levels were correlated with metastasis by logistic regression. Effect of 4-MU, Soraf and 4-MU+Soraf on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis was examined in RCC cells (HTB46, 786-O, ACHN, 769-P, A498) by cell counting, flow cytometry and Cell Death ELISA. Boyden chamber was used for motility assay. Effect on cell cycle, apoptosis, and HA receptor levels were evaluated by immunoblotting and Q-PCR. RHAMM expression (157±124) was 8-fold elevated in tumors which later metastasized when compared to those which did not (20.1±31.5; P=0.005). In univariate analysis age, grade, stage and RHAMM levels significantly correlated with metastasis. In multivariate analysis, only RHAMM significantly correlated with metastasis (P=0.03; chi-sq = 4.6; sensitivity 88.9%; specificity 90%). Combination of 4-MU (0.2 mM) and Soraf (2.5 or 5 μM), at non-cytotoxic doses caused 60-90% inhibition in proliferation after 48-72 h treatment and motility in RCC cells. Inhibition of cell proliferation could not be reversed by HA addition. Only the combination induced cycle arrest in late S- and G2-M phases (1.5-2.5-fold) and induced apoptosis (3-4-fold). Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were confirmed by increased phospho-Chk1 and PARP levels. 4-MU+Soraf combination down regulated CD44 and RHAMM mRNA levels by 2- and 68-fold, respectively. RHAMM expression in RCC tissues is potentially an independent prognostic indicator for metastasis. 4-MU+Soraf combination which targets RHAMM expression inhibits RCC cell growth and motility. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2598. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2598
Unusual Arthropathy in Periodic Peritonitis
Authors: John W. Loop
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ARTHRALGIA WITH FEVER is a common manifestation of periodic peritonitis, an hereditary affliction of Mediterranean peoples (synonyms: familial recurring polyserositis, familial Mediterranean fever, etc). Roentgenographic evidence for permanent joint change is unusual and when present has been limited to large weight-bearing joints. The small joints of the feet and hands have been said never to be involved in this disease,<sup>1</sup>and no roentgenographic or pathological evidence for such involvement has been presented before, to our knowledge. <h3>Report of a Case</h3><h3>Present Illness.—</h3> The patient, a Jewish woman of Sephardic origin, was first seen at the age of 22 years. She had suffered intermittent abdominal pains for at least 15 years. The attacks were characterized by belching, aerophagia, diarrhea, and, in recent years, by "doubling-up" abdominal pain beginning in the epigastrium and eventually settling in one or both lower quadrants. Each episode lasted 2 to 3 days and was accompanied
Water in Typhoid Fever.
Authors: D. C. Moriarta
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Jan. 29, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journalof January 24 there was an article by Dr. Anders, of Philadelphia, on the use of large quantities of water in typhoid fever, and I was particularly pleased that so eminent an individual as Dr. Anders endorsed the procedure in this manner and thought it worthy of attention at a meeting of theAmerican Medical Association. In 1898 I read an article on the use of water in typhoid fever before our local society, emphasizing the great quantities required in some cases, the difficulties in teaching nurses to give the required amount, the very great influence it exercised over all the symptoms, that the patient's condition was not so critical with a very high temperature if plenty of water was given, that if a sufficient quantity were given tub-baths were not imperative, which in private practice will
Pulmonary angiography with external cardiac compression in fatal pulmonary embolism.
Authors: H. P. Gautam
Journal: BMJ (1968)

small rather than a large amount of air in the mediastinum.The extensive inspiratory crunching sounds along the anterior diaphragmatic attachment were most probably due to air between the parietal pleura and chest wall and in the loose areolar tissue along the pleurodiaphragmatic reflection.
Community acquired lower respiratory tract infection Bacterial infection not uncommon
Authors: J Macfarlane, J Prewett, A Guion, J H Winter, M A Woodhead
Journal: BMJ (1994)

ED1TOR,-AS I trained at the Salpetriere, I appre- ciated the article by Raymond Hierons about Charcot and his visits to Britain.I Charcot's links with Britain were also reviewed in a paper presented at the Salpetriere on the centenary of Charcot's death.2Despite his reservations, Hierons gives too much weight to The Story of San Michele by
Massive Theophylline Overdose
Authors: Sally M. Ehlers
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Shock, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory and cardiac arrests developed in a patient who ingested 8.5 g of theophylline. Her condition improved and her serum theophylline concentration decreased from 170 to 20 mg/ml during six hours of charcoal hemoperfusion. Theophylline was removed from the serum by the uncoated charcoal column, as shown by an extraction efficiency approaching 100%. The maximum charcoal clearance of theophylline was 163 ml/kg/hr. The average endogenous theophylline clearance in adults is 50 ml/kg/hr and that achieved with hemodialysis is only 24.3 ml/kg/hr. Uncoated charcoal efficiently removes theophylline from the serum; charcoal hemoperfusion should be considered in severe theophylline toxic reactions. (<i>JAMA</i>240:474-475, 1978)
Full blockade of intestinal P-glycoprotein and extensive inhibition of blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein by oral treatment of mice with PSC833.
Authors: U Mayer, E Wagenaar, B Dorobek, J H Beijnen, P Borst, A H Schinkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Mice lacking mdr1-type P-glycoproteins (mdr1a/1b [-/-] mice) display large changes in the pharmacokinetics of digoxin and other drugs. Using the kinetics of digoxin in mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice as a model representing a complete block of P-glycoprotein activity, we investigated the activity and specificity of the reversal agent SDZ PSC833 in inhibiting mdr1-type P-glycoproteins in vivo. Oral PSC833 was coadministered with intravenous [3H]digoxin to wild-type and mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice. The direct excretion of [3H]digoxin mediated by P-glycoprotein in the intestinal mucosa of wild-type mice was abolished by administration of PSC833. Hepatobiliary excretion of [3H]digoxin was markedly decreased in both wild-type and mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice by PSC833, the latter effect indicating that in vivo, PSC833 inhibits not only mdr1-type P-glycoproteins, but also other drug transporters. Upon coadministration of PSC833, brain levels of [3H]digoxin in wild-type mice showed a large increase, approaching (but not equaling) the levels found in brains of PSC833-treated mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice. Thus, orally administered PSC833 can inhibit blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein extensively, and intestinal P-glycoprotein completely. These profound pharmacokinetic effects of PSC833 treatment imply potential risks, but also promising pharmacological applications of the use of effective reversal agents.
Food-Dependent, Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis-Reply
Authors: Ellen M. Buchbinder
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr El-Dieb suggests that the combination of inhaled antigen and exercise might suffice to induce anaphylaxis. Although acute allergic reactions have occurred after<i>ingestion</i>of pollen belonging to the Compositae family (which includes ragweed), to date inhalant-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis has not been documented. Not all patients with food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis have had positive skin test results to food antigens; therefore, the negative skin test result to grape extract does not exclude the possibility that grapes were involved in our patient's reaction. To prove that the combination of grape ingestion and exercise could induce anaphylaxis, we would have had to subject our patient to a controlled challenge; we did not want to subject her to this additional stress.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact of Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate on Risk of Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation: The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study”
Authors: Alan S. Go, Natalia Udaltsova, Niela K. Pomernacki, Margaret C. Fang, Yuchiao Chang, Leila Borowsky, Daniel E. Singer
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Death of teenager from a drug error a decade ago has made UK a leader in safety
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> This quality improvement project was inspired as an answer to a problem that intellectual disability teams have been struggling to manage whilst caring for people with epilepsy (PWE). The issue was that despite guidance to discuss the possibility of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) be discussed with a newly diagnosed PWE this is rarely done. Additionally when, how, and what to discuss about SUDEP and reduce its risk is arbitrary, non-person centred, and with no structured evidence. Prior to initiating changes a discussion of SUDEP was recorded in just 10% of PWE. We introduced a check-list to help identify risk factors for SUDEP. We then modified the check-list, and then used it via telehealth, a way of contacting patients and their carers over the phone using the check-list approach. Following interventions, discussions of SUDEP are now recorded in 80% of PWE. Feedback from patients, carers and primary and secondary care professionals has been positive. We are now developing an app so that patients and carers can monitor their own risk factors, thus empowering them and increasing their knowledge and awareness of SUDEP.
Vascular ring due to left aortic arch and right descending aorta.
Authors: W Berman, S M Yabek, T Dillon, J F Neal, B Akl, J Burstein
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Two children presented with symptoms suggestive of a vascular ring. Barium esophagrams in each case showed a posterior impression caused by a retroesophageal aortic arch. Angiographic studies defined a rare form of vascular ring resulting from an ascending left-sided aorta, a descending right-sided aorta and a right-sided ligamentum arteriosum. At surgery, the diagnosis was confirmed and the anomaly was corrected in each patient. Left pulmonary anomalies were present in each patient.
Proliferative instability and experimental carcinogenesis at colonic anastomoses.
Authors: R Roe, B Fermor, R C Williamson
Journal: Gut (1987)

In 1,129 patients attending the Department for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, the serum was examined by three screening tests (VDRL slide, RPCF, and TPHA) and twelve cases of syphilis (1 per cent. of patients attenting the clinic) were discovered. Six of these patients were considered to have latent syphilis (5 acquired, 1 congenital) and were detected only by the TPHA; all six cases were confirmed by the FTA-ABS, The TPHA failed to detect three of the remaining six cases (2 primary and 1 very early, the latter in a contact of a patient with primary syphilis). All six cases were, however, detected by the VDRL. In seven cases, the TPHA was positive in the absence of other evidence of present or previous syphilis. In these cases the FTA-ABS was also negative. The clinical application of the TPHA test in the detection of syphilis is discussed.
Endocardial Fibrosis
Authors: JAMES G. CLARK, H. GUNTHER BUCHELERES, RICHARD A. CARLETON
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Three patients with endocardial fibrosis who had their endocardial pacing thresholds measured are described. The threshold values were elevated to at least twice normal levels. By determining the endocardial pacing threshold value, a technique is available for detection of endocardial fibrosis during diagnostic cardiac catheterization.
Randomised controlled trial of structured personal care of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: N. d. F. Olivarius, H. Beck-Nielsen, A. H. Andreasen, M. Horder, P. A Pedersen
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the effect of a multifaceted intervention directed at general practitioners on six year mortality, morbidity, and risk factors of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. <b>Design:</b> Pragmatic, open, controlled trial with randomisation of practices to structured personal care or routine care; analysis after 6 years. <b>Setting:</b> 311 Danish practices with 474 general practitioners (243 in intervention group and 231 in comparison group). <b>Participants:</b> 874 (90.1%) of 970 patients aged ≥40 years who had diabetes diagnosed in 1989-91 and survived until six year follow up. <b>Intervention:</b> Regular follow up and individualised goal setting supported by prompting of doctors, clinical guidelines, feedback, and continuing medical education. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Predefined clinical non-fatal outcomes, overall mortality, risk factors, and weight. <b>Results:</b> Predefined non-fatal outcomes and mortality were the same in both groups. The following risk factor levels were lower for intervention patients than for comparison patients (median values): fasting plasma glucose concentration (7.9 <i>v</i> 8.7 mmol/l, P=0.0007), glycated haemoglobin (8.5% <i>v</i> 9.0%, P&lt;0.0001; reference range 5.4-7.4%), systolic blood pressure (145 <i>v</i> 150 mm Hg, P=0.0004), and cholesterol concentration (6.0 <i>v</i> 6.1 mmol/l, P=0.029, adjusted for baseline concentration). Both groups had lost weight since diagnosis (2.6 <i>v</i> 2.0 kg). Metformin was the only drug used more frequently in the intervention group (24% (110/459) v 15% (61/415)).Intervention doctors arranged more follow up consultations, referred fewer patients to diabetes clinics, and set more optimistic goals. <b>Conclusions:</b> In primary care, individualised goals with educational and surveillance support may for at least six years bring risk factors of patients with type 2 diabetes to a level that has been shown to reduce diabetic complications but without weight gain. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Evidence is increasing that control of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia may postpone the development of diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes Maintaining good control over a long period can be difficult <h3>What this study adds</h3> Structured individualised personal care with educational and surveillance support for general practitioners reduced levels of risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients after six years Risk factors were reduced to a level that has been shown to have a beneficial effect on diabetic complications Participants also showed modest weight loss
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?-Reply
Authors: H. B. Tanner
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Journalshould remain in Chicago: <h3>First.</h3> Because Chicago is centrally located for mailing facilities. <h3>Second.</h3> Because Chicago will soon be as well supplied with library advantages as any city in the United States. <h3>Third.</h3> Because Chicago is nearer the centre of the membership of the American Medical Association, and consequently more in touch with them. <h3>Fourth.</h3> We are opposed to moving it to the East from the West. South Kaukauna, Wis., January 9, 1891.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF TYPE-SPECIFIC M ANTIGEN ISOLATED FROM A GROUP A, TYPE 1 HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: Rebecca C. Lancefield, Gertrude E. Perlmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Type-specific M antigen was extracted by heating type 1 group A streptococci at pH 2 in a boiling water bath. The protein was then purified by digestion with a preparation of crystalline ribonuclease which was free of proteolytic activity. It was further purified by fractional precipitation with (NH(4))(2)SO(4). Elementary chemical analysis of the preparation thus obtained showed an absence of phosphorus and a sulfur content of 2.46 per cent. In the ultraviolet the maximum absorption was at a wave length of 276 mmicro and the minimum at 255 mmicro. In electrophoresis experiments the preparation showed a single peak in the pH range of 3 to 9, but considerable boundary spreading was observed. The type 1 M antigen was isoelectric at pH 5.3 in sodium acetate buffer of ionic strength 0.1. The serological reactivity of the protein isolated was typical of type 1 M antigen. This protein induced the formation in rabbits of type-specific precipitins and protective antibodies. The absorption of type 1 antibacterial serum with the purified M antigen removed both the protective antibodies and the type-specific precipitins from the serum.
Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Contributes to the Early Cardiodepressant Action of Tumor Necrosis Factor
Authors: Mohamed Bellahcene, Sebastien Jacquet, Xue B. Cao, Masaya Tanno, Robert S. Haworth, Joanne Layland, Alamgir M. Kabir, Matthias Gaestel, Roger J. Davis, Richard A. Flavell, Ajay M. Shah, Metin Avkiran, Michael S. Marber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Apical membrane limits urea permeation across the rat inner medullary collecting duct.
Authors: R A Star
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Urea diffuses across the terminal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) via a facilitated transport pathway. To examine the mechanism of transcellular urea transport, membrane-apparent urea (Purea) and osmotic water (Pf) permeabilities of IMCD cells were measured by quantitative light microscopy in isolated IMCD-2 tubules perfused in the absence of vasopressin. Basolateral membrane Pf, determined by addition of raffinose to the bath, was 69 microns/s. Basolateral membrane Purea, determined by substituting urea for raffinose without change in osmolality, was 14 X 10(-5) cm/s. Bath phloretin inhibited basolateral Purea by 85% without a significant effect on Pf. The basolateral reflection coefficient for urea, determined by addition of urea in the presence of phloretin, was 1.0. These results indicate that urea crosses the basolateral membrane by diffusion, and not by solvent drag. In perfused tubules, the rate of cell swelling following substitution of urea for mannitol was significantly greater with bath than lumen changes. After correcting for membrane surface area, the basolateral membrane was twofold more permeable than the apical membrane. Conclusions: (a) in the absence of vasopressin, urea permeation across the IMCD cell is limited by the apical membrane; (b) the basolateral membrane contains a phloretin-sensitive urea transporter; (c) transepithelial urea transport occurs by movement of urea through the IMCD cell.