tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Luminal hydrogen sulfide plays a pronociceptive role in mouse colon
Authors: M Matsunami, T Tarui, K Mitani, K Nagasawa, O Fukushima, K Okubo, S Yoshida, M Takemura, A Kawabata
Journal: Gut (2008)

Given recent evidence that hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a gasotransmitter, promotes somatic pain through redox modulation of T-type Ca(2+) channels, the roles of colonic luminal H(2)S in visceral nociceptive processing in mice were examined.After intracolonic administration of NaHS, an H(2)S donor, visceral pain-like behaviour and referred abdominal allodynia/hyperalgesia were evaluated. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in the spinal dorsal horn was determined immunohistochemically. The whole-cell recording technique was used to evaluate T-type Ca(2+) currents (T-currents) in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.Like capsaicin, NaHS, administered intracolonically at 0.5-5 nmol per mouse, triggered visceral nociceptive behaviour accompanied by referred allodynia/hyperalgesia in mice. Phosphorylation of ERK in the spinal dorsal horn was detected following intracolonic NaHS or capsaicin. The behavioural effects of intracolonic NaHS were abolished by a T-type channel blocker or an oxidant, but not inhibitors of L-type Ca(2+) channels or ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels. Intraperitoneal NaHS at 60 micromol/kg facilitated intracolonic capsaicin-evoked visceral nociception, an effect abolished by the T-type channel blocker, although it alone produced no behavioural effect. In DRG neurons, T-currents were enhanced by NaHS.These findings suggest that colonic luminal H(2)S/NaHS plays pronociceptive roles, and imply that the underlying mechanisms might involve sensitisation/activation of T-type channels probably in the primary afferents, aside from the issue of the selectivity of mibefradil.
Long-Term Silicone Central Venous Catheters Impregnated With Minocycline and Rifampin Decrease Rates of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Cancer Patients: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hend Hanna, Robert Benjamin, Ioannis Chatzinikolaou, Badie Alakech, Deborah Richardson, Paul Mansfield, Tanya Dvorak, Mark F. Munsell, Rabih Darouiche, Hagop Kantarjian, Issam Raad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To evaluate the efficacy of long-term nontunneled silicone catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin (M-R) in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections.This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, a tertiary care hospital in Houston, TX. All patients in the trial had a malignancy.Between September 1999 and May 2002, 356 assessable catheters were used: 182 M-R and 174 nonimpregnated. The patients' characteristics were comparable between the two study groups. The mean (+/- standard deviation) duration of catheterization with M-R catheters was comparable to that of nonimpregnated catheters (66.21 +/- 30.88 v 63.01 +/- 30.80 days). A total of 17 catheter-related bloodstream infections occurred during the course of the study. Three were associated with the use of M-R catheters and 14 were associated with the nonimpregnated catheters, with a rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection of 0.25 and 1.28/1,000 catheter-days, respectively (P = .003). Gram-positive cocci accounted for the majority of the organisms causing the infections. There were no allergic reactions associated with M-R catheters.Long-term nontunneled central venous catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin are efficacious and safe in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections in cancer patients.
Oxidized Phospholipids Stimulate Angiogenesis Via Autocrine Mechanisms, Implicating a Novel Role for Lipid Oxidation in the Evolution of Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Valery N. Bochkov, Maria Philippova, Olga Oskolkova, Alexandra Kadl, Alexander Furnkranz, Erduan Karabeg, Taras Afonyushkin, Florian Gruber, Johannes Breuss, Alexander Minchenko, Diana Mechtcheriakova, Philipp Hohensinner, Kathrin Rychli, Johann Wojta, Therese Resink, Paul Erne, Bernd R. Binder, Norbert Leitinger
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Angiogenesis is a common feature observed in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. We hypothesized that oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), which accumulate in atherosclerotic vessels can stimulate angiogenesis. We found that oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) stimulated the formation of sprouts from endothelial cell spheroids and promoted growth of capillaries into Matrigel plugs in mice. OxPLs stimulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vivo and in several normal and tumor cell types in vitro. In addition, OxPAPC upregulated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and interleukin (IL)-8. COX-2 inhibitors, as well as blocking antibodies to IL-8 suppressed activation of sprouting by OxPAPC. We conclude that OxPAPC stimulates angiogenesis via autocrine mechanisms involving VEGF, IL-8, and COX-2–generated prostanoids. Our data suggest that accumulation of OxPLs may contribute to increased growth of blood capillaries in advanced lesions, thus leading to progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.
Effectiveness of home respiratory polygraphy for the diagnosis of sleep apnoea and hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: J. F. Masa, J. Corral, R. Pereira, J. Duran-Cantolla, M. Cabello, L. Hernandez-Blasco, C. Monasterio, A. Alonso, E. Chiner, M. Rubio, E. Garcia-Ledesma, L. Cacelo, R. Carpizo, L. Sacristan, N. Salord, M. Carrera, J. N. Sancho-Chust, C. Embid, F.-J. Vazquez-Polo, M. A. Negrin, J. M. Montserrat
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Home respiratory polygraphy (HRP) may be a cost-effective alternative to polysomnography for the diagnosis of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS), but stronger evidence is needed. Normally, patients transport HRP equipment from the hospital to home and back, which may create difficulties for some patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine both the diagnostic efficacy and cost of HRP (with and without a transportation service moving the device and telematic transmission of data) in a large sample compared with in-hospital polysomnography. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients suspected of having SAHS were included in a multicentre study (eight hospitals). They were assigned to home and hospital protocols in random order. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for manual respiratory polygraphy scoring protocol and different polysomnographic cut-off points. Diagnostic efficacies for several polysomnographic cut-off points were explored and costs for two equally effective alternatives were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> Of 366 randomised patients, 348 completed the protocol. The best receiver operating characteristic curve was obtained with a polysomnographic cut-off of the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI)≥5. The sensitive HRP AHI cut-off point (&lt;5) had a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 57% and a negative likelihood ratio (LR) of 0.07; the specific cut-off (&gt;10) had a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 86% and a positive LR of 6.25. The cost of HRP was half that of polysomnography. Telematic transmission costs were similar if the patients9 costs were taken in to account. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HRP is an alternative to polysomnography in patients with suspected SAHS. Telematic procedures may help patients with limited mobility and those who live a long way from the sleep centre.
Effect of Telmisartan on Renal Outcomes
Authors: Johannes F.E. Mann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) blunt progression of advanced diabetic nephropathy, but their long-term renal effects in other patients are not clear. Objective: To examine the long-term renal effects of telmisartan versus placebo in adults at high vascular risk. Design: Randomized trial. Patients were randomly assigned by a central automated system between November 2001 and May 2004 and were followed until March 2008. Participants and investigators were blinded to intervention status. Setting: Multicenter, multinational study. Patients: 5927 adults with known cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage but without macroalbuminuria or heart failure who cannot tolerate angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Intervention: Telmisartan, 80 mg/d (n = 2954), or matching placebo (n = 2972) plus standard treatment for a mean of 56 months. Measurements: Composite renal outcome of dialysis or doubling of serum creatinine, changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and changes in albuminuria. Results: No important difference was found in the composite renal outcome with telmisartan (58 patients [1.96%]) versus placebo (46 patients [1.55%]) (hazard ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.89]; P = 0.20). Among the telmisartan and placebo groups, 7 and 10 patients had dialysis and 56 and 36 patients had doubling of serum creatinine, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.59 [CI, 1.04 to 2.41]; P = 0.031). Albuminuria increased less with telmisartan than with placebo (32% [CI, 23% to 41%] vs. 63% [CI, 52% to 76%]; P < 0.001). Decreases in estimated GFR were greater with telmisartan than with placebo (mean change in estimated GFR, −3.2 mL/min per 1.73 m2 [SD, 18.3] vs. −0.26 mL/min per 1.73 m2 [SD, 18.0]; P < 0.001). Limitation: Only 17 participants had dialysis. Conclusion: In adults with vascular disease but without macroalbuminuria, the effects of telmisartan on major renal outcomes were similar to those of placebo. Primary Funding Source: Boehringer Ingelheim.
Full-Time Ovarian Foetation
Authors: L. E. Acomb
Journal: BMJ (1926)

BiJtOTXnAL_bCLJOBA A large quantity of sputum was brought up in the ensuing twenty-four hours; after this the cough subsided and the incessant distressing character of it disappeared.A month later the couigh had diminished so greatly that there was a bout of coughing about every eight hours, at which time the sputum was brought up; in between there was no cough or expectoration.The temperature was a degree lower.In this case also the object of the operation was attained, in that he was afforded peace from the incessant cough.The arrest of the disease was of a temporary nature only; the patient died in July, 1925.Case 14 (Group 5).-MissT., aged 25. (N.W.S.) Symptoms started with dry pleurisy on the left side in December, 1922.Artificial pneumothorax was begun on the left side in August, 1923.Adhesions prevented more than a moderate collapse.Vomiting started in March, 1924. In December, 1924, owing to the severity of the vomiting, the artificial pneumothorax was given up and a plireiuic evulsion was done on the left side; 9 cm. of nerve were extracted.The dome was paralysed, but was not much raised.Paradoxical movements were present with deep respirations.She wrote in July that she was in business, and felt " famous."Cases 15, 16, 17, 18 (Group 6).-In these four cases the phrenic evulsion was done as a preliminary to thoracoplasty.Lengths of nerves evulsed: 11.5 cm., 24 cm., 16.5 cm., and 32 cm.Cases 19 and 20 (Group 7).-Phrenic evulsion done as a pre- liminary to thoracoplasty for tuberculous empyema.Lengths of nerves evulsed: 35.5 cm. and 23 cm.
Real-time endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes
Authors: F J F Herth, R Eberhardt, P Vilmann, M Krasnik, A Ernst
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is an established method for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes to aid in diagnosing lymphadenopathy and in staging lung cancers. Real-time endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guidance is a new method of TBNA that may increase the ability to sample these nodes and hence to determine a diagnosis. A descriptive study was conducted to test this new method.Consecutive patients referred for TBNA of mediastinal lymph nodes were included in the trial. When a node was detected, a puncture was performed under real-time ultrasound control. The primary end point was the number of successful biopsy specimens. Diagnostic results from the biopsies were compared with operative findings. Lymph node stations were classified according to the recently adopted American Thoracic Society scheme.From 502 patients (316 men) of mean age 59 years (range 24-82), 572 lymph nodes were punctured and 535 (94%) resulted in a diagnosis. Biopsy specimens were taken from lymph nodes in region 2L (40 nodes), 2R (53 nodes), 3 (35 nodes), 4R (86 nodes), 4L (77 nodes), 7 (127 nodes), 10R (38 nodes), 10L (43 nodes), 11R (40 nodes) and 11L (33 nodes). The mean (SD) diameter of the nodes was 1.6 (0.36) cm and the range was 0.8-3.2 cm (SD range 0.8-4.3). Sensitivity was 94%, specificity 100%, and the positive predictive value was 100% calculated per patient. No complications occurred.EBUS-TBNA is a promising new method for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes. It appears to permit more and smaller nodes to be sampled than conventional TBNA, and it is safe.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study of Vandetanib Plus Docetaxel in Previously Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: John V. Heymach, Bruce E. Johnson, Diane Prager, Edit Csada, Jaromír Roubec, Miloš Pešek, Irena Špásová, Chandra P. Belani, István Bodrogi, Shirish Gadgeel, Sarah J. Kennedy, Jeannie Hou, Roy S. Herbst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Vandetanib is a once-daily oral inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity. The activity of vandetanib plus docetaxel was assessed in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).This two-part study comprised an open-label run-in phase and a double-blind randomized phase. Eligible patients had locally advanced or metastatic (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC after failure of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary objective of the randomized phase was to prolong progression-free survival (PFS) in patients receiving vandetanib (100 or 300 mg/d) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2 intravenous infusion every 21 days) versus placebo plus docetaxel. The study was designed to have more than 75% power to detect 50% prolongation at a one-sided significance level of P < .20. Secondary objectives included objective response rate, overall survival, safety and tolerability.In the randomized phase (n = 127), median PFS was 18.7 weeks for vandetanib 100 mg plus docetaxel (n = 42; hazard ratio v docetaxel = 0.64; one-sided P = .037); 17.0 weeks for vandetanib 300 mg plus docetaxel (n = 44; hazard ratio v docetaxel = 0.83; one-sided P = .231); and 12 weeks for docetaxel (n = 41). There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival among the three treatment arms. Common adverse events included diarrhea, rash, and asymptomatic prolongation of corrected QT (QTC) interval.The primary objective was achieved, with vandetanib 100 mg plus docetaxel demonstrating a significant prolongation of PFS compared with docetaxel in relation to the prespecified significance level. On the basis of these encouraging data, phase III evaluation of vandetanib 100 mg plus docetaxel in second-line NSCLC has been initiated.
Carcinoma of Bronchus Simulating a Mild Septicaemia
Authors: T. W. Wadsworth
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Carcinoma of Bronchus Simulating a Mild SepticaemiaThe case reported below illustrates the difficulty in arriving at a correct conclusion in some cases of pyrexia.There have been several similar cases in this hospital, where carcinoma of the lung with prolonged pyrexia has led to a diffictilty in diaginosis.It is also of interest on account of the absence of symptoms, in spite of marked' involve- ment of the suprarenals.An engineer aged 27 years, a patient of Dr. Rowlands of Waterloo, was admitted to Walton Hospital in June, 1935.Dr. Rowlands kindly furnished the following notes:" This patient has been in another hospital for some months.No definite diagnosis was made, except that it was suggested that it might be a mild streptococcal septicaemia." About a year ago he started to have pains in his back, with some frequency of micturition.He still has marked pain, associated with great muscular weakness and mild pyrexia." When in hospital the blood was sterile, x-ray of the chest, spine, and sinuses proved negative, the Wassermann reaction was negative, and agglutination tests for the enteric group andI B. abortus were negative.There were no tubercle bacilli in the sputum, and the blood picture showed a secondary anaemia."
A RAPID URINE COLOR TEST FOR TRIFLUPROMAZINE (VESPRIN)
Authors: FRED M. FORREST, IRENE S. FORREST, AARON S. MASON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

A specific urinary color test for triflupromazine (Vesprin) is reported in which 1 ml. of urine is mixed with 1 ml. 10% trichloracetic acid. To this mixture 1 ml. of 1/1000 molar solution of uranyl nitrate in concentrated hydrochloric acid is added. The resulting color is read within 30 seconds against a color chart showing three color intensities, marked +, ++ and +++, for daily drug doses ranging from 10 to 600 mg. of drug. No false negatives were encountered, and 0.6% false positive tests were seen. Potential factors of interference are discussed.
Independent effects of physical activity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Alexis St. George, Adrian Bauman, Amanda Johnston, Geoffrey Farrell, Tien Chey, Jacob George
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, characterized by elevated liver enzymes, central obesity, and insulin resistance, is becoming increasingly prevalent. The effects of changes in physical activity on the metabolic profile of this group have not been reported. We assessed at 3 months the impact of a behavior change-based lifestyle intervention on physical activity and the effects of this change on the metabolic profile of people with fatty liver disease. In all, 141 participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were prospectively enrolled into either a low- or moderate-intensity lifestyle intervention or to a control group. Physical activity was assessed using a validated reporting tool and physical fitness was measured using the YMCA protocol on a cycle ergometer. Individualized counseling to increase physical activity was provided. Overall, 96% of participants attended the 3-month follow-up assessment. Participants in the moderate- and low-intensity intervention groups were 9 times more likely to increase physical activity by an hour or more per week compared to controls. Patients increasing or maintaining their reported physical activity to > or =150 minutes/week, and those who increased their objective levels of fitness, had the greatest improvements in liver enzymes and other metabolic indices compared to those who were least active. This effect was independent of weight loss and was corroborated by an objective measure of fitness. There was no dose-response effect on liver enzymes with incremental increases in physical activity above 60 minutes/week.Lifestyle counseling interventions are effective in improving physical activity behavior. Maintaining or increasing physical activity provides health benefits for patients with fatty liver, independent of changes in weight.
Improved Sphincter Preservation in Low Rectal Cancer With High-Dose Preoperative Radiotherapy: The Lyon R96-02 Randomized Trial
Authors: Jean-Pierre Gerard, Olivier Chapet, Chantal Nemoz, Johannes Hartweig, Pascale Romestaing, Regis Coquard, Nicolas Barbet, Philippe Maingon, Marc Mahe, Jacques Baulieux, Christian Partensky, Marc Papillon, Olivier Glehen, Bruno Crozet, Jean-Paul Grandjean, Patrice Adeleine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose The potential advantage of high-dose preoperative radiotherapy to increase tumor response and improve the chance of sphincter preservation for low rectal cancer remains controversial. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the role of escalating the dose of preoperative radiation to increase sphincter-saving procedures. Patients and Methods Patients with rectal carcinoma located in the lower rectum, staged T2 or T3, Nx, or M0 with endorectal sonography, and not involving more than two-thirds circumference, were randomly assigned to one of two groups: preoperative external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT; 39 Gy in 13 fractions over 17 days) versus the same EBRT with boost (85 Gy in three fractions) using endocavitary contact x-ray. Results Between 1996 and 2001, 88 patients were enrolled onto the study. A significant improvement was seen in favor of the contact x-ray boost for complete clinical response (24% v 2%) and for a complete or near-complete sterilization of the operative specimen (57% v 34%). A significant increase in sphincter preservation was observed in the boost group (76% v 44%; P = .004). At a median follow-up of 35 months, there was no difference in morbidity, local relapse, and 2-year overall survival. Conclusion A dose escalation with endocavitary irradiation provides increased tumor response and sphincter preservation with no detrimental effect on treatment toxicity and early clinical outcome.
Behavioral Counseling Research and Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Perspectives
Authors: Susan J. Curry, David C. Grossman, Evelyn P. Whitlock, Adelita Cantu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) makes recommendations on which preventive services to routinely incorporate into primary care for specific populations. Behavioral counseling interventions are preventive services designed to help persons engage in healthy behaviors and limit unhealthy ones. The USPSTF's evaluation of behavioral counseling interventions asks 2 primary questions: Do interventions in the clinical setting influence persons to change their behavior, and does changing health behavior improve health outcomes with minimal harms?This article discusses challenges encountered by the USPSTF in aggregating the behavioral counseling intervention literature to develop guidelines. The challenges relate broadly to study populations, intervention protocols, assessment of outcomes, and linking behavior changes to health outcomes. Recommendations to address these challenges include use of the PRECIS (Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary) tool as a guide for the development of feasible, replicable, and generalizable behavioral counseling interventions; improved reporting of study methods and results; consensus measures for key behavioral outcomes; and use of existing data sets to link behavior change and clinical outcomes.
Imaging Neuronal Subsets in Transgenic Mice Expressing Multiple Spectral Variants of GFP
Authors: Guoping Feng, Rebecca H. Mellor, Michael Bernstein, Cynthia Keller-Peck, Quyen T. Nguyen, Mia Wallace, Jeanne M. Nerbonne, Jeff W. Lichtman, Joshua R. Sanes
Journal: Neuron (2000)
Human Papillomavirus Type 18: Association With Poor Prognosis in Early Stage Cervical Cancer
Authors: Robert A. Burger, Bradley J. Monk, Tom Kurosaki, Hoda Anton-Culver, Steven A. Vasilev, Michael L. Berman, Sharon P. Wilczynski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Background:Cervical carcinoma is a leading cause of mortality from cancer among women worldwide, accounting for approximately 160 000 deaths annually. Prognosis in patients with this disease is dependent on several well-established clinical features (stage of disease and age of patient) and pathologic features (lymph node status, grade of tumor, and depth of invasion). Although the features associated with poor clinical outcome have been well studied, molecular markers such as human papillomavirus (HPV) type that may reflect the underlying biologic basis for clinical behavior are poorly understood.