tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Variant Forms of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Albert J. Czaja
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

To review the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis, to characterize the variant forms of autoimmune hepatitis, and to indicate appropriate therapies for this condition.A MEDLINE search (1990 to 1995) of the English-language literature, review of a personal library of journals and reprints (1975 to 1995), and review of references selected from the bibliographies of identified articles. Terms used in the MEDLINE search included the names of all autoimmune liver diseases, viral hepatitis and autoimmunity, cryptogenic hepatitis, and overlap syndromes.All articles that discussed atypical clinical features, mixed diagnostic findings, and variations in treatment response were selected.Data were selected from 548 articles.Standardized criteria permit the confident diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis, but they exclude many patients who have features suggesting autoimmunity. Such patients have findings indicative of both autoimmune hepatitis and another disorder (overlap syndromes) or findings that are inconsistent with the classic definition of autoimmune hepatitis (outlier syndromes). Overlap syndromes include combinations of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, or chronic viral hepatitis. Treatment of these syndromes requires identification of the predominant disorder and selection of the most appropriate drug regimen. Outlier syndromes include autoimmune cholangitis and cryptogenic chronic hepatitis. Corticosteroids or ursodeoxycholic acid are treatment options for patients with autoimmune cholangitis; corticosteroids can also benefit patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis. Grading each clinical feature and developing a composite score can permit comparison of the variants and a determination of the similarity between the variants and autoimmune hepatitis.Variant forms of autoimmune hepatitis are common. Recognition of them is important in assessing common pathogenic mechanisms, developing effective treatment strategies, and refining classification schemes.
Abstract LB-33: Establishment and application of patient-derived xenograft models for translational research of personalized cancer therapeutics
Authors: Hyeji Park, Eun Jin Ju, Jinhyang Choi, Seok Soon Park, Jaesook Park, Jae Hee Lee, Seol Hwa Shin, Seong-Yun Jeong, Si Yeol Song, Eun Kyung Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Although there have been world-wide huge efforts in the field of cancer research to overcome cancer, the therapeutic influence is not satisfactory level yet, because of the diversity and complexity of cancers. The lack of preclinical models for translational research reliably predicting clinical activity of novel therapeutics is another obstacle in cancer research. Xenotransplantation of human cancer cell line into immunodeficient mice is very useful for studying human cancer therapy. However, these animal models have been limited to reflect a practical consideration of clinic and genetic diversity of patients. The creation of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) that carry partial or complete human physiological systems has been certainly accepted as a helpful tool to overcome these obstacles. We have established total 339 cases in total (lung 79 cases, liver 109 cases, stomach 106 cases and colon 45 cases) up to date, and they were analyzed for the gene mutations by “Onco map” method, in order to compare to the original patient-tumor. As a result of cytogenetically homology comparison and finger printing, PDX tumors represent the same characteristics of the original PD tumors. These PDX models have been practically used for the translational research for personalized cancer therapeutics. This study represents new technologies for translational research platform of personalized cancer therapeutics. Additionally, these translational research platform promise the new access in many other studies such as a drug efficacy test, target discovery and co-clinical study. Citation Format: Hyeji Park, Eun Jin Ju, Jinhyang Choi, Seok Soon Park, Jaesook Park, Jae Hee Lee, Seol Hwa Shin, Seong-Yun Jeong, Si Yeol Song, Eun Kyung Choi. Establishment and application of patient-derived xenograft models for translational research of personalized cancer therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-33. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-33
A legislative look at heroin and medicine
Authors: Beverly J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The political and emotional fervor surrounding the question of the medical usage of heroin is growing considerably, though it may not yet rival the laetrile issue. Even generally conservative medical societies are publically voicing their approval and disapproval of efforts to make heroin medically available in the near future. The 15,000-member American Society of Internal Medicine has endorsed the idea of making heroin available in specific cases. Last June the American Medical Association's House of Delegates took the opposite position and refused to make such an endorsement because those voting believed that there should be more investigational data first. The American Cancer Society has more or less straddled the fence. Its Board of Directors made a statement in February that declared in part: "Pain is a major health problem in this country, especially the kind of pain that is sometimes encountered in patients with cancer. According to experts the treatment
Erosive pustular dermatosis—a common development in atrophic skin
Authors: S.W. Lanigan, J.A. Cotterill
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Erosive pustular dermatosis—a common development in atrophic skin Get access S.W. Lanigan, S.W. Lanigan Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Cotterill J.A. Cotterill Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Page 15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb11995.x Published: 01 June 1987
Bowen's disease on the sole: p16<sup>INK4a</sup>overexpression associated with human papillomavirus type 16
Authors: K. Murao, Y. Kubo, H. Takiwaki, S. Arase, K. Matsumoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

We report a case of Bowen's disease on the sole presenting clinically as an exophytic, blackish-grey, verrucous tumour, and showing human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 on analysis with polymerase chain reaction. Positive stains for HPV particles by immunohistochemical analysis were limited to several cell nuclei at the upper stratum Malpighii. However, all the tumour cells in the epidermis exhibited strong and diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic stains for the tumour suppressor protein p16INK4a. We speculate that dysregulation of the retinoblastoma/p16INK4a pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of the lesion, and p16INK4a overexpression might serve as a useful surrogate marker for identifying Bowen's disease harbouring high-risk types of HPV infection.
Prospective Cohort Study of Lead Exposure and Electrocardiographic Conduction Disturbances in the Department of Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study
Authors: Ki-Do Eum, Linda H. Nie, Joel Schwartz, Pantel S. Vokonas, David Sparrow, Howard Hu, Marc G. Weisskopf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: No studies have examined the association between cumulative low-level lead exposure and the prospective development of electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, which may mediate the association between lead and several cardiovascular end points.Objective: We prospectively examined the association between lead exposure and the development of electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities.Methods: We assessed blood lead, bone lead—a biomarker of cumulative lead exposure—measured with K-shell X-ray fluorescence, and electrocardiographic end points among 600 men in the Normative Aging Study who were free of electrocardiographic abnormalities at the time of the baseline ECG. Of these men, we had follow-up data from a second electrocardiogram for 496 men 8.1 (SD = 3.1) years later, on average. We used repeated measures linear regression to analyze change in electrocardiographic conduction timing and logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for developing specific conduction disturbances and adjusted for potential confounders.Results: Mean (± SD) blood (5.8 ± 3.6), patella bone (30.3 ± 17.7), and tibia bone (21.6 ± 12.0) lead concentrations were similar to those found in samples from the general U.S. population and much lower than those reported in occupationally exposed groups. Compared with those in the lowest tertile of tibia lead, those in the highest had a 7.94-ms (95% CI, 1.42–14.45) increase in heart rate–corrected QT (QTc) interval and a 5.94-ms increase in heart rate–corrected QRS (95% CI, 1.66–10.22) duration > 8 years. Those in the highest tertile of tibia lead also had increased odds of QT prolongation (QTc ≥ 440 msec; OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.22–5.25) and JT prolongation (heart rate–corrected JT > 360 msec; OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 0.93–6.91). Results were weaker for patella lead. No associations were identified with blood lead.Conclusions: This study suggests that low-level cumulative exposure to lead is associated with worse future cardiac conductivity in the ventricular myocardium, as reflected in QT interval characteristics.
Half of patients given exercise prescriptions are more active a year later
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

More than half of patients who were prescribed physical activity were more active a year later, research has shown ( Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00820.x).

A study of 6300 patients who were given primary care prescriptions designed to improve their levels of activity shows that the proportion of inactive patients dropped from 33% to 17% after three months.

“Half of the patients increased their physical activity, with the largest increase found among those who were least active at baseline, which indicates that the intervention was effective in increasing physical activity in those who gained the most,” say the …
The t(4;14) translocation and FGFR3 overexpression in multiple myeloma: prognostic implications and current clinical strategies
Authors: A Kalff, A Spencer
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous plasma cell disorder characterized by genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocations, deletions, duplications and genetic mutations. Translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain region at chromosome 14q32 are observed in approximately 40% of patients with MM. Translocation of oncogenes into this region may lead to their increased expression, contributing to disease initiation, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. The t(4;14) translocation is associated with upregulation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and the myeloma SET domain protein. Patients with t(4;14) demonstrate an overall poor prognosis that is only partially mitigated by the use of the novel agents bortezomib and lenalidomide; as such, an unmet medical need remains for patients with this aberration. Preclinical studies of inhibitors of FGFR3 have shown promise in t(4;14) MM, and these studies have led to the initiation of clinical trials. Data from these trials will help to determine the clinical utility of FGFR3 inhibitors for patients with t(4;14) MM and may pave the way for personalized medicine in patients with this incurable disease.
Cognitive impairment and early death in the elderly: Author's reply
Authors: J. M Eagles
Journal: BMJ (1990)

department of our hospital attend because of musculoskeletal complaints and injuries.A glance at the journals of the defence organisations reveals that such injuries are often a fruitful source of litigation.We hope that the omission oforthopaedic surgery is an error in the construction of the questionnaire used in the study rather than a reflection on its lack of teaching.
The H63D variant in the HFE gene predisposes to arthralgia, chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis
Authors: B Z Alizadeh, O T Njajou, J M W Hazes, A Hofman, P E Slagboom, H A P Pols, C M van Duijn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To investigate the relation between the <i>HFE</i> C282Y and H63D variants with arthralgia and joint pathology in the population-based Rotterdam Study. <h3>Methods:</h3> From a cohort of 7983 people aged 55 years and over, 2095 randomly drawn subjects were genotyped for C282Y and H63D variants. We compared the frequency of arthralgia, and the presence of chondrocalcinosis, osteophytes, joint space narrowing and radiographic osteoarthritis in hand, hip and knee joints, and Heberden's nodes in carriers of <i>HFE</i> variants with that in non-carriers. <h3>Results:</h3> Overall, there was a significantly higher frequency of arthralgia (odds ratio 1.6; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.6), oligoarthralgia (2.3; 1.2 to 4.4) and Heberden's nodes (2.0; 1.1 to 3.8) in H63D homozygotes compared with non-carriers. In subjects aged 65 years or younger, H63D homozygotes had significantly more often polyarthralgia (3.1; 1.3 to 7.4), chondrocalcinosis in hip or knee joints (4.7; 1.2 to 18.5), and more hand joints with osteophytes (6.1±1.0 vs 4.4±0.3), space narrowing (2.8±0.5 vs 1.0±0.1), radiographic osteoarthritis (4.4±0.7 vs 2.0±0.2) and Heberden's nodes (3.1; 1.3 to 12.8) than non-carriers. We found no relation of arthralgia or joint pathology to C282Y, but compound heterozygotes had a significantly higher frequency of arthralgia (2.9; 1.0 to 9.3), chondrocalcinosis in hip joints (6.5; 1.8 to 22.3), and an increased number of osteophytes in knee (6.9±1.2, n = 5 vs 2.4±0.1) joints at a later age (&gt;65 years). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The <i>HFE</i> H63D variant may explain, at least in part, the prevalence of arthralgia in multiple joints sites, chondrocalcinosis, and hand osteoarthritis in the general population.
INTERSCAN REPRODUCIBILITY OF QUANTITATIVE CORONARY PLAQUE VOLUME AND COMPOSITION FROM CT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY USING AN AUTOMATED METHOD
Authors: Annika Schuhbaeck, Damini Dey, Yuka Otaki, Brian Kral, Piotr Slomka, Ryo Nakazato, Stephan Achenbach, Daniel Berman, Eliott Fishman, Shenghan Lai, Hong Lai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Enzyme Neurosis—A Clinician's Plan for Standardization
Authors: David E. Langdon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 August 1994Enzyme Neurosis—A Clinician's Plan for StandardizationDavid E. Langdon, MDDavid E. Langdon, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:One wouldn't buy a “user unfriendly” computer, but a major problem facing all clinicians is a system of “user unfriendly” enzyme units. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex illustrates this. Table 1 shows that no two hospitals have the same profile for five common tests. A dictated summary from one is unintelligible to a physician from another. At two hospitals in Arlington, Texas, upper limits of lipase values were 300 U/L and 24 U/L, respectively. A physician telephoning for a laboratory result may thus miss a diagnosis of pancreatitis! The normal lactate dehydrogenase upper limit of normal at one ...References1. Talente GM, Coleman RA, Alter C, Baker L, Brown BI, Cannon RA, et al. Glycogen storage disease in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:218-26. Google Scholar2. Young DS. Implementation of SI units. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 106:114-29. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByClinical Enzymology 1 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 3Page: 234-235KeywordsComputersEnzymesGlycogen storage diseasesLactate dehydrogenaseLipasesPancreatitisPhosphatasesPhosphatesResearch laboratoriesStandard deviation Issue Published: 1 August 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Wegener autoantigen induces maturation of dendritic cells and licenses them for Th1 priming via the protease-activated receptor-2 pathway
Authors: Elena Csernok, MaiXing Ai, Wolfgang L. Gross, Daniel Wicklein, Arnd Petersen, Buko Lindner, Peter Lamprecht, Julia U. Holle, Bernhard Hellmich
Journal: Blood (2006)
Sumoylation and Regulation of Cardiac Gene Expression
Authors: Jun Wang, Robert J. Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Sumoylation is a posttranslational modification process in which SUMO proteins are covalently and reversibly conjugated to their targets via enzymatic cascade reactions. Since the discovery of SUMO-1 in 1996, the SUMO pathway has garnered increased attention due to its role in a number of important biological activities such as cell cycle progression, epigenetic modulation, signal transduction, and DNA replication/repair, as well as its potential implication in human pathogenesis such as in cancer development and metastasis, neurodegenerative disorders and craniofacial defects. The role of the SUMO pathway in regulating cardiogenic gene activity, development and/or disorders is just emerging. Our review is based on recent advances that highlight the regulation of cardiac gene activity in cardiac development and disease by the SUMO conjugation pathway.
A PRELIMINARY PSYCHIATRIC STUDY OF ATTEMPTED SUICIDE AS SEEN IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: PETER E. SIFNEOS, CHARLES GORE, A. COIT SIFNEOS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

The cases of attempted suicide of 155 patients admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1944 to 1952, are reported. Some of the literature on suicide is summarized, data on the patients are compared with it, and other general findings presented. A scheme of action is evolved in an attempt to formulate the complicated reasons for suicide. Autoktonism is suggested as a word to describe the recognizable state of mind in neurotic persons about to kill themselves. Some of the ways to prevent suicide are discussed.
Passive smoking and heart disease. Epidemiology, physiology, and biochemistry.
Authors: S A Glantz, W W Parmley
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The evidence that ETS increases risk of death from heart disease is similar to that which existed in 1986 when the US Surgeon General concluded that ETS caused lung cancer in healthy nonsmokers. There are 10 epidemiological studies, conducted in a variety of locations, that reflect about a 30% increase in risk of death from ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction among nonsmokers living with smokers. The larger studies also demonstrate a significant dose-response effect, with greater exposure to ETS associated with greater risk of death from heart disease. These epidemiological studies are complemented by a variety of physiological and biochemical data that show that ETS adversely affects platelet function and damages arterial endothelium in a way that increases the risk of heart disease. Moreover, ETS, in realistic exposures, also exerts significant adverse effects on exercise capability of both healthy people and those with heart disease by reducing the body's ability to deliver and utilize oxygen. In animal experiments, ETS also depresses cellular respiration at the level of mitochondria. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ETS also accelerate, and may initiate, the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Of note, the cardiovascular effects of ETS appear to be different in nonsmokers and smokers. Nonsmokers appear to be more sensitive to ETS than do smokers, perhaps because some of the affected physiological systems are sensitive to low doses of the compounds in ETS, then saturate, and also perhaps because of physiological adaptions smokers undergo as a result of long-term exposure to the toxins in cigarette smoke. In any event, these findings indicate that, for cardiovascular disease, it is incorrect to compute "cigarette equivalents" for passive exposure to ETS and then to extrapolate the effects of this exposure on nonsmokers from the effects of direct smoking on smokers. These results suggest that heart disease is an important consequence of exposure to ETS. The combination of epidemiological studies with demonstration of physiological changes with exposure to ETS, together with biochemical evidence that elements of ETS have significant adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, leads to the conclusion that ETS causes heart disease. This increase in risk translates into about 10 times as many deaths from ETS-induced heart disease as lung cancer; these deaths contribute greatly to the estimated 53,000 deaths annually from passive smoking. This toll makes passive smoking the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States today, behind active smoking and alcohol.
Precision medicine to improve use of bleeding avoidance strategies and reduce bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: prospective cohort study before and after implementation of personalized bleeding risks
Authors: J. A. Spertus, C. Decker, E. Gialde, P. G. Jones, E. J. McNulty, R. Bach, A. K. Chhatriwalla
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To examine whether prospective bleeding risk estimates for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention could improve the use of bleeding avoidance strategies and reduce bleeding. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study comparing the use of bleeding avoidance strategies and bleeding rates before and after implementation of prospective risk stratification for peri-procedural bleeding. <b>Setting</b> Nine hospitals in the United States. <b>Participants</b> All patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for indications other than primary reperfusion for ST elevation myocardial infarction. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Use of bleeding avoidance strategies, including bivalirudin, radial approach, and vascular closure devices, and peri-procedural bleeding rates, stratified by bleeding risk. Observed changes were adjusted for changes observed in a pool of 1135 hospitals without access to pre-procedural risk stratification. Hospital level and physician level variability in use of bleeding avoidance strategies was examined. <b>Results</b> In a comparison of 7408 pre-intervention procedures with 3529 post-intervention procedures, use of bleeding avoidance strategies within intervention sites increased with pre-procedural risk stratification (odds ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.44 to 2.27), particularly among higher risk patients (2.03, 1.58 to 2.61; 1.41, 1.09 to 1.83 in low risk patients, after adjustment for control sites; P for interaction=0.05). Bleeding rates within intervention sites were significantly lower after implementation of risk stratification (1.0% <i>v</i> 1.7%; odds ratio 0.56, 0.40 to 0.78; 0.62, 0.44 to 0.87, after adjustment); the reduction in bleeding was greatest in high risk patients. Marked variability in use of bleeding avoidance strategies was observed across sites and physicians, both before and after implementation. <b>Conclusions</b> Prospective provision of individualized bleeding risk estimates was associated with increased use of bleeding avoidance strategies and lower bleeding rates. Marked variability between providers highlights an important opportunity to improve the consistency, safety, and quality of care. <b>Study registration</b> Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01383382.