tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and the microvesicular fat diseases.
Authors: S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1983)

Leading articleAcute fatty liver of pregnancy and the microvesicular fat diseases Acute fatty liver of pregnancy was probably first described by Tarnier in 1857' and the first case report, in 1934, was by Stander and Cadden.2The first full description of the disease is usually attributed to Sheehan3 who, in 1940, described obstetric acute yellow atrophy as a specific cause of jaundice of pregnancy.He distinguished it histologically from acute yellow atrophy (fulminant hepatitis) by the absence of liver necrosis in the presence of microvesicular fat, with swollen hepatocytes with central nuclei and periportal sparing.Only about 100 patients have been reported in the English literature, mainly as single case reports, the largest being Sheehan's two series 4 of 15 patients, but there was scanty clinical detail concerning individuals.The largest with full details is the report by Burroughs and coworkers5 of 12 patients with idiopathic acute fatty liver of pregnancy seen at the Royal Free Hospital between 1968 and 1980.The condition is therefore rare.The onset of acute fatty liver of pregnancy is between the 30th and 38th week of pregnancy, marked by nausea, repeated vomiting, and abdominal pain, followed about a week later by jaundice.In some patients preceding hypertension, peripheral oedema, and proteinuria suggest pre-eclampsia.The condition is more common with twin and male births and in primipara.In the severely affected the course is marked by coma, renal failure, and haemorrhages.The infant is usually stillborn, or labour is induced.High serum uric acid levels are usual and these may be related to tissue destruction and lactic acidosis.This is not a usual feature of viral hepatitis or acute liver failure, but is found in toxaemia of pregnancy.Hyperbilirubinaemia is found without demonstrable haemolysis, and this is in contrast with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, where jaundice is rare except with haemolysis.The aspartate transaminase values are raised, but gamma globulin concentrations are normal.Blood films show a characteristic picture of neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, normoblasts, giant platelets, and basophilic stippling.This combination of features is not seen in pre-eclampsia or viral hepatitis and provides a strong pointer towards the diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy.5Disseminated intravascular coagulation of varying severity may be a complication.Formerly the maternal mortality of acute fatty liver of pregnancy was believed to be very high -about 75-85% -and the fetal mortality about 85%.' 8 More recent figures, however, are much more satisfactory and of 12 patients seen at the Royal Free Hospital, only four mothers died (33-3%) and the fetal mortality was 66.7%.5This improvement can be attributed to early caesarean section and induction of labour and to diagnosis of the less severe cases.Death is usually because of extrahepatic causes such as disseminated intravascular coagulation with massive 265 on July 5, 2023 by guest.
Quantification of in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis stimulated by ovine forestomach matrix biomaterial
Authors: Sharleen M. Irvine, Juliet Cayzer, Elise M. Todd, Stan Lun, Evan W. Floden, Leonardo Negron, James N. Fisher, Sandi G. Dempsey, Alan Alexander, Michael C. Hill, Annalee O’Rouke, Sarah P. Gunningham, Cameron Knight, Paul F. Davis, Brian R. Ward, Barnaby C.H. May
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Neurologic Manifestations in Sarcoidosis
Authors: PEYTON DELANEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Nervous system involvement by sarcoidosis has been considered rare, yet more than 400 cases have been reported. We present 23 additional cases here, including 14 with autopsies, and we review the literature. The overall frequency of neurologic involvement is 5%. Patients usually have other stigmata of sarcoidosis; however, neurologic dysfunction is frequently the presenting finding. The protean manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) involvement usually occur in the early phase of the disease, while those of peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle involvement are characteristically seen in the chronic stages. Basal granulomatous meningitis causes most of the CNS manifestations either by infiltration or compression of adjacent structures. Steroids are the mainstay of therapy, and the overall response is quite variable. The course is also variable, being transient in some and chronic in others. The prognosis is better with peripheral than with central nervous system involvement.
Thyroxine or Iodine Therapy for Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Giacomo L. La Rosa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 August 1995Thyroxine or Iodine Therapy for Thyroid NodulesGiacomo L. La Rosa, Riccardo Vigneri, and Antonino BelfioreGiacomo L. La RosaUniversity of Rochester Medical School; Rochester, NY 14623University of Catania; 1-95123 Catania; Italy, Riccardo VigneriUniversity of Rochester Medical School; Rochester, NY 14623University of Catania; 1-95123 Catania; Italy, and Antonino BelfioreUniversity of Rochester Medical School; Rochester, NY 14623University of Catania; 1-95123 Catania; ItalyAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-3-199508010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We strongly disagree with Dr. Di Poala's presumption that cold thyroid nodules are "totally asymptomatic and truly benign" and also with his misleading assertion that "untreated thyroid nodules disappear in 38% of cases, and only 13% of nodules increase in size."Solitary benign cold nodules of the thyroid are not asymptomatic, and their presence may affect both quality and duration of life. Although these nodules rarely grow large enough to cause compression signs, patients feel uncomfortable because of aesthetic problems or fear of malignancy. The presence of malignancy cannot be completely ruled out by fine-needle aspiration biopsy, which, ...References1. Gharib H, Goellner R. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: an appraisal. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:282-9. Google Scholar2. La Rosa GL, Lupo L, Giuffrida D, Gullo D, Vigneri R, Belfiore A. Levothyroxine and potassium iodide are both effective in treating benign solitary solid cold nodules of the thyroid. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:1-8. Google Scholar3. Mandel SJ, Brent GA, Larsen PR. Levothyroxine therapy in patients with thyroid disease. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:492-502. Google Scholar4. Kuma K, Matsuzuka F, Kobayashi A, Hirai K, Morita S, Miyauchi A, et al. Outcome of long standing solitary thyroid nodules. World J Surg. 1992; 16:583-8. Google Scholar5. Faber J, Galloe AM. Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to l-thyroxine treatment: a meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 1994; 130:350-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Rochester Medical School; Rochester, NY 14623University of Catania; 1-95123 Catania; Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOperative Management of Thyroid Abnormalities in a General Medical Practice Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa 1 August 1995Volume 123, Issue 3Page: 235-236KeywordsHyperthyroidismMorbidityMortalityResearch laboratoriesSurgeryThyroidThyroid-stimulating hormoneThyroidectomyThyroxineUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 August 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Neutrophilic airway inflammation is a main feature of induced sputum in nonatopic asthmatic children
Authors: A. C. Drews, M. M. M. Pizzichini, E. Pizzichini, M. U. Pereira, P. M. Pitrez, M. H. Jones, P. D. Sly, R. T. Stein
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Asthma phenotypes are well described among children. However, there are few studies comparing airway inflammation in different clinical presentations of pediatric asthma. We tested the hypothesis that nonatopic asthma is associated with a predominant noneosinophilic inflammation in the airways, as assessed by induced sputum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytological characteristics of induced sputum (IS) in atopic (AA), nonatopic asthmatics (NAA) and nonatopic nonasthmatic children (NANA).Of 90 selected children, 77 met eligibility criteria for performing IS and were classified as: AA, n = 28, NAA, n = 29 and NANA, n = 19. Subjects answered to a set of ISAAC-based questions and were skin-tested for common aeroallergens. A defined series of exclusion criteria was applied.Induced sputum was obtained from 54 (70.1%) subjects (21 AA, 20 NAA and 13 NANA). Demographic data and mean FEV(1) were similar in the three groups. The proportion of eosinophils [median, inter quartile range (IQR)] was significantly higher in the sputum of AA [(6.0.)12)] compared with NAAs [0 (2)] and NANAs [0 (1)], P < 0.001. The proportion of children with sputum eosinophilia (eos > 3%) was also significantly higher in AA (71.4%) when compared with NAA (28.6%); none of the NANA had sputum eosinophilia. Nonatopic asthmatic children had significantly higher proportions and absolute number of neutrophils than AA and controls.The results suggest that nonatopic children present IS with a cell pattern that is predominantly neutrophilic while eosinophilia is the hallmark of airway inflammation in the majority of atopic wheezing children not treated with inhaled steroids.
Abstract 4071: Prohibitin peptides induce apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibit angiogenesis
Authors: Wasia Rizwani
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prohibitin is a potential tumor suppressor protein that can repress E2F-mediated transcription and arrest cell proliferation. E2F1 binding domain of prohibitin is a coiled-coil structure and prohibitin functions through this domain to repress E2F1 transcription activity by recruiting HDAC1. The coiled- coil domain (175-217aa) by itself exhibited growth suppressive properties and showed a reduction in colony formation when transfected into breast cancer cells, T47D cells. It was shown that a synthetic peptide (42aa), designated as H1-6, corresponding to the coiled- coil domain induced apoptosis in four different human cell lines; MCF7, HAEC, BL18 and WI38 cells. Hence we decided to synthesize peptides of 14-mer (H1-2, H3-4, H5-6) and 7-mer (H2, H5) from the coiled coil domain of prohibitin and study their effect on cells. We found that each one of the prohibitin peptides (20μM) induced a marked increase in apoptosis in a panel of breast, lung and prostate cancer cell lines when compared to the control peptide (CP1). Interestingly, the peptides had no effect on breast epithelial cells, MCF10A. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with 20μM of each prohibitin peptide individually reduced the invasive capability of these cells when compared to the control peptide. We also investigated their effect on angiogenesis in HUVEC cells and found that these peptides could significantly inhibit angiogenesis in vitro. In conclusion, these results suggest that these peptides could be of significant therapeutic value. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4071.
Hereditary Protein S Deficiency: Clinical Manifestations
Authors: LUZlA ENGESSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

To analyze the clinical manifestations of protein S deficiency, we evaluated 136 members of 12 families with the disorder. Seventy-one persons were found to be heterozygous for protein S deficiency, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Venous thrombotic events occurred in 39 patients (55%) and were recurrent in 77%. Most symptomatic patients had various combinations of deep venous thrombosis (74%), superficial thrombophlebitis (72%), and pulmonary embolism (38%), either in succession or simultaneously. On five occasions thrombosis was found at unusual sites, like the axillary, mesenteric, and cerebral veins. The age at the first thrombotic event ranged from 15 to 68 years (mean, 28 years), and at age 35 the probability to be still free of thrombosis was only 32%. Fifty-six percent of the thrombotic events were not preceded by a precipitating condition. In these respects protein S deficiency is similar to protein C deficiency.
The First Mechanical Heart Transplant: Informed Consent and Experimentation
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IN April, 1969, Dr. Denton A. Cooley implanted the first totally mechanical heart into the chest of Haskell Karp. The mechanical device sustained the patient for approximately 64 hours, when a heart transplant from a donor was performed. Mr. Karp died 36 hours later.Mrs. Karp brought an action for money damages against Dr. Cooley and Dr. Liotta, who had built the mechanical heart, alleging negligence (and gross negligence) resulting in the death of the patient, a lack of informed consent, and improper experimentation.A nine-day trial took place in the Federal District Court in Texas at the end of . . .
Early Documentation of Therapeutic Response at 6 Weeks Following Corticosteroid Therapy in Extensive Sarcoidosis
Authors: Sandip Basu, Ramesh V. Asopa, Nawab S. Baghel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 52-year-old man, who was treated with antitubercular drugs for 1 year without any benefit for an initial diagnosis of tuberculosis, and was referred for further evaluation. An FDG-PET study was performed to evaluate the whole-body disease status, which showed multiple abnormal foci in bilateral neck nodes, mediastinal, axillary, and multiple abdominal (para-aortic and inguinal) nodes, and the liver, spleen, and thyroid. A rebiopsy of the inguinal nodes for a definitive diagnosis was confirmatory of sarcoidosis. He had a history of hypothyroidism, which is a frequent accompaniment of sarcoidosis due to the association of autoimmunity in this population. He was treated with oral corticosteroids and was referred for reassessment of his disease status with FDG-PET following 6 weeks of therapy. The FDG-PET images showed remarkable improvement with near total resolution of the FDG hypermetabolism at the initially involved sites. The present case underscores the value of FDG-PET imaging in whole-body monitoring of early response to therapy in patients of sarcoidosis (particularly those with extensive disease) that can be of substantial benefit and indicates the promise of this powerful molecular imaging technique in managing this multisystem disorder.
Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in the Western Pacific and South East Asia.
Authors: I D Gust
Journal: Gut (1996)

The Western Pacific and South East Asia regions are the largest and most populous of the six World Health Organisation regions and include more than 40 countries. More than 75% of the world9s estimated 350 million carriers are located here. The region has therefore provided many insights into the epidemiology, natural history, and control of hepatitis B infection and has been home to the first national control programmes. Hepatitis B is hyperendemic in most countries of the region, with carrier rates ranging from 5-35% except in Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, where the mean carrier rate is less than 2%. Patterns of infection vary considerably from country to country, city to city, and even village to village, and can change with time. Most infections are acquired early in childhood or in early adult life. A variety of control measures are in place and many countries in the region have introduced widespread or universal childhood immunisation policies with significant success. While it is theoretically possible that hepatitis B infection could be eradicated by universal childhood immunisation, there are several biological and practical issues that make this extremely difficult, suggesting that, for the foreseeable future, control may be a more realisable goal.
An evaluation of several biochemical markers for bone formation and resorption in a protocol utilizing cyclical parathyroid hormone and calcitonin therapy for osteoporosis.
Authors: A B Hodsman, L J Fraher, T Ostbye, J D Adachi, B M Steer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Female patients (n = 20) with osteoporosis, aged 66 +/- 5 yr were studied during a 24-h infusion of parathyroid hormone (PTH [1-34]) at a rate of 0.5 IU equivalents/kg.h, and then during a 28-d period of subcutaneous injections, at a dose of 800 IU equivalents per day. Thereafter half the patients received subcutaneous injections of calcitonin, 75 U/d for 42 d, and all patients were followed to the end of a 90-d cycle. Biochemical markers of bone formation (serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and the carboxy-terminal extension peptide of pro-collagen 1) and bone resorption (fasting urine calcium, hydroxyproline, and deoxypyridinoline) were compared during treatment by the intravenous and subcutaneous route of PTH administration, and subsequently during calcitonin therapy. During intravenous PTH infusion there were significant reductions in all three bone formation markers, despite expected rises in urinary calcium and hydroxyproline. By contrast, the circulating markers of bone formation increased rapidly by > 100% of baseline values during daily PTH injections (P < 0.001). Significant increases in bone resorption markers were only seen at the end of the 28 d of injections, but were < 100% over baseline values, (P < 0.05). Quantitative bone histomorphometry from biopsies obtained after 28 d of PTH treatment confirmed that bone formation at both the cellular and tissue levels were two to five times higher than similar indices measured in a control group of biopsies from untreated osteoporotic women. Subsequent treatment of these patients with calcitonin showed no significant changes in the biochemical markers of bone formation and only a modest attenuation of bone resorption. Thus, PTH infusion may inhibit bone formation, as judged by circulating biochemical markers, whereas daily injections confirm the potent anabolic actions of the hormone. Sequential calcitonin therapy does not appear to act synergistically with PTH in cyclical therapeutic protocols.
Microvascular blood flow and stasis in transgenic sickle mice: Utility of a dorsal skin fold chamber for intravital microscopy
Authors: Venkatasubramaniam S. Kalambur, Hemchandra Mahaseth, John C. Bischof, Miroslaw C. Kielbik, Thomas E. Welch, Åsa Vilbäck, David J. Swanlund, Robert P. Hebbel, John D. Belcher, Gregory M. Vercellotti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Vascular inflammation, secondary to ischemia–reperfusion injury, may play an essential role in vaso‐occlusion in sickle cell disease (SCD). To investigate this hypothesis, dorsal skin fold chambers (DSFCs) were implanted on normal and transgenic sickle mice expressing human α and β s /β s‐Antilles globin chains. Microvessels in the DSFC were visualized by intravital microscopy at baseline in ambient air and after exposure to hypoxia–reoxygenation. The mean venule diameter decreased 9% ( P &lt; 0.01) in sickle mice after hypoxia–reoxygenation but remained constant in normal mice. The mean RBC velocity and wall shear rate decreased 55% ( P &lt; 0.001) in sickle but not normal mice after hypoxia–reoxygenation. None of the venules in normal mice became static at any time during hypoxia–reoxygenation; however, after 1 hr of hypoxia and 1 hr of reoxygenation, 11.9% of the venules in sickle mice became static ( P &lt; 0.001). After 1 hr of hypoxia and 4 hr of reoxygenation, most of the stasis had resolved; only 3.6% of the subcutaneous venules in sickle mice remained static ( P = 0.01). All of the venules were flowing again after 24 hr of reoxygenation. Vascular stasis could not be induced in the subcutaneous venules of sickle mice by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). Leukocyte rolling flux and firm adhesion, manifestations of vascular inflammation, were significantly higher at baseline in sickle mice compared to normal ( P &lt; 0.01) and increased 3‐fold in sickle ( P &lt; 0.01), but not in normal mice, after hypoxia–reoxygenation. Plugs of adherent leukocytes were seen at bifurcations at the beginning of static venules. Misshapen RBCs were also seen in subcutaneous venules. Am. J. Hematol. 77:117–125, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE SURGICAL APPROACH TO HYPERTENSION
Authors: GEZA DE TAKATS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Hypertension is a common symptom of several fundamentally different disorders. Its medical treatment in the past has consisted of rest, the use of sedatives, vasodilators and toxic depressants and psychoanalytic sessions.<sup>1</sup>It can be safely stated that none of these measures have ever cured or arrested the progress of hypertension, although their temporary, palliative value, especially in the early stages, cannot be questioned. Recently a depressor substance has been isolated from the normal kidney and used in lowering the blood pressure of animals and of man.<sup>2</sup>It is too early to judge the merits of this extract in combating hypertension. The fact remains that cardiovascular-renal disease, with hypertension as its dominant symptom, stands first in the mortality list today and is responsible for more than half a million deaths annually in the United States. After the age of 45 the death rate from this condition is four times
Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis among children in four regions of Finland
Authors: S. T. Remes, M. Korppi, M. Kajosaari, A. Koivikko, L Soininen, J. Pekkanen
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalences of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis and their regional differences among Finnish children. The secondary objective was to determine whether the responses to the questions used are affected by the pollen season if asked during such a season. In 1994–5, the self‐reported prevalence of allergic symptoms in four regions of Finland was studied among 11607 schoolchildren aged 13–14 years, as part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). The prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis during the preceding year was 16% in eastern Finland (Kuopio County, n =2821), 23% in southern Finland (Helsinki area, n=2771), 15% in southwestern Finland (Turku and Pod County, n =2983), and 16% in northern Finland (Lapland, n =3032). The respective prevalences of flexural dermatitis were 15%, 19%, 16%, and 18%. The surveys were performed in winter, except in the Helsinki area where the survey was carried out mainly in the spring pollen season. Among the children studied in autumn in Helsinki, the prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis was 19% and that of flexural dermatitis 17%. In multivariate analysis, flexural dermatitis was slightly more common in Lapland than in all other areas. In contrast, no significant differences were found in rhinoconjunctivitis. The prevalences of both disorders were twice as high in girls as in boys. In conclusion, regional differences in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were small in our country, and the prevalence figures were rather similar to those reported from other European countries. Almost half of the children had suffered from at least one atopic disorder, and over one‐third had had symptoms in the past year. A clear season‐of‐response effect was observed; the prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis was 25% when studied during the pollen seasons in the Helsinki area.
Hyperaccumulation of FAD-linked presenilin 1 variants in vivo
Authors: Michael K. Lee, David R. Borchelt, Grace Kim, Gopal Thinakaran, Hilda H. Slunt, Tamara Ratovitski, Lee J. Martin, Anik Kittur, Samuel Gandy, Allan I. Levey, Nancy Jenkins, Neal Copeland, Donald L. Price, Sangram S. Sisodia
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)