tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: In systolic heart failure, low-sodium diets increase mortality compared with normal-sodium diets
Authors: Umair Khalid, Anita Deswal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation DiNicolantonio JJ, Di Pasquale P, Taylor RS, Hackam DG. Low sodium versus normal sodium diets in systolic heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2012 Aug 21. [Epub ahead of print]. 22914535
A Further Contribution to the Subject of Malaria as a Waterborne Disease.
Authors: Charles Smart
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Washington, D. C., Feb. 1, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of January 26 last, is an article entitled, "A Further Discussion on Malaria, a Waterborne Disease," by Dr. W. H. Daly, Pittsburg, Pa., which treats of malarious waters as a new idea, and at its close gives a bibliography of the subject, beginning with a paper published in the<i>Medical Record</i>, September 15 last, and enumerating nine other articles which have appeared since that date. This might lead some of your readers into the mistake of supposing that anterior to that issue of the<i>Medical Record</i>this question had received no attention from the medical profession. Medical officers of the Army by their service in various parts of the country have the incidence of endemic disease placed strikingly before them, and it is not therefore a matter of surprise that they should have given much attention to the
Dysregulated hematopoiesis and a progressive neurological disorder induced by expression of an activated form of the human common beta chain in transgenic mice.
Authors: R J D'Andrea, D Harrison-Findik, C M Butcher, J Finnie, P Blumbergs, P Bartley, M McCormack, K Jones, R Rowland, T J Gonda, M A Vadas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Previously we described activating mutations of hbetac, the common signaling subunit of the receptors for the hematopoietic and inflammatory cytokines, GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5. The activated mutant, hbetacFIDelta, is able to confer growth factor-independent proliferation on the murine myeloid cell line FDC-P1, and on primary committed myeloid progenitors. We have used this activating mutation to study the effects of chronic cytokine receptor stimulation. Transgenic mice were produced carrying the hbetacFIDelta cDNA linked to the constitutive promoter derived from the phosphoglycerate kinase gene, PGK-1. Transgene expression was demonstrated in several tissues and functional activity of the mutant receptor was confirmed in hematopoietic tissues by the presence of granulocyte macrophage and macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM and CFU-M) in the absence of added cytokines. All transgenic mice display a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by splenomegaly, erythrocytosis, and granulocytic and megakaryocytic hyperplasia. This disorder resembles the human disease polycythemia vera, suggesting that activating mutations in hbetac may play a role in the pathogenesis of this myeloproliferative disorder. In addition, these transgenic mice develop a sporadic, progressive neurological disease and display bilateral, symmetrical foci of necrosis in the white matter of brain stem associated with an accumulation of macrophages. Thus, chronic hbetac activation has the potential to contribute to pathological events in the central nervous system.
Respiratory failure in neuromuscular diseases
Authors: B. D. W. Harrison, J. V. Collins, K. G. E. Brown, T. J. H. Clark
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A series is reported of five patients with acute respiratory failure complicating neuromuscular diseases, three of whom required assisted ventilation. Initially the arterial carbon dioxide tension fell to levels below the normal range in all the patients and this change reflects alveolar hyperventilation which is probably produced by a combination of fear, small airway collapse, and reflex tachypnoea. It is only late in the development of respiratory weakness that alveolar ventilation falls and carbon dioxide tension rises to normal and then elevated levels. Several factors contribute to the reduction in arterial oxygen tension, including airway collapse and infection, and it is important to try to prevent these by correct posture, vibration, and passive deep breathing. We think that objective measurements of respiratory function are essential in the management of these patients and that the most valuable are serial measurements of vital capacity and carbon dioxide tension and the least helpful is the arterial oxygen tension. Assisted ventilation will probably be required if the vital capacity falls below 30% of that predicted for the patient or if the carbon dioxide tension rises from low to normal levels as vital capacity is falling.
Metabolic clearance and secretion rates of subunits of human thyrotropin.
Authors: I A Kourides, R N Re, B D Weintraub, E C Ridgway, F Maloof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of the alpha and beta subunits of human thyrotropin (hTSH-alpha and hTSH-beta) were determined by a constant infusion to equilibrium method. In 15 normal individuals (six men, six premenopausal women, and three post-menopausal women), the mean MCR of hTSH-alpha (68 ml/min per m2) was significantly faster than that of hTSH-beta (48 ml/min per m2) was significantly faster than that of hTSH-beta (48 ml/min per m2); both were two to three times more rapid than the previously determined MCR of hTSH. In patients with primary hypothyroidism, MCR were significantly slower with a mean value of 55 ml/min per m2 for hTSH-alpha and 37 ml/min per m2 for hTSH-beta. However, MCR of subunits were not significantly faster than normal in hyperthyroid patients. Serum concentrations of alpha subunits and hTSH-beta were measured by radioimmunoassay, and secretion rates of alpha and hTSH-beta from the pituitary were calculated using hTSH-alpha and hTSH-beta MCR, respectively. In the normal individuals, alpha secretion rates averaged 91 mug/day per m2, greater than those previously determined for hTSH and human follicle-stimulating hormone. Alpha secretion rates were significantly elevated in the normal postmenopausal women (211 mug/day per m2) and in the premenopausal hypothyroid women (202 mug/day per m2); they were also elevated in the postmenopausal hypothyroid women (277 mug/day per m2). Alpha secretion rates were significantly decreased in the premenopausal hyperthyroid women (66 mug/day per m2). Usually, the secretion rates of hTSH-beta could not be calculated in normal individuals, and the rates in hyperthyroid patients could never be calculated because serum hTSH-beta was not detected. Six normals had detectable hTSH-beta secretion rates (17 mug/day per m2); hTSH-beta secretion rates were significantly increased in patients with primary hypothyroidism (28 mug/day per m2). Although we had previously demonstrated a 50-fold increase in hTSH secretion rates in primary hypothyroidism, there was only a 2-fold increase in alpha and hTSH-beta secretion rates. Thus, increased subunit synthesis appears to be utilized predominantly for production of complete hTSH.
CLINICAL DATA AND PROGNOSIS IN CASES OF CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: WILLIAM F. BRAASCH
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Of the various lesions affecting the urinary tract in the adult, chronic pyelonephritis furnishes the greatest problem to the urologist. In a discussion of this disease it should be recognized that the cases should be divided into several definite clinical groups. Acute and subacute forms of pyelonephritis should not be confused with chronic bilateral pyelonephritis, since they are self-limiting and often unilateral. A common type of chronic urinary infection is characterized by recurring attacks of acute pyelonephritis accompanied by a febrile reaction, which subsides after several days, although frequency may persist for several weeks. When patients are examined in intervals between attacks they are usually free from any evidence of urinary infection, and cystoscopic examination and urine cultures may be negative. Such a negative phase may exist for months, to be followed by a recurrence in the acute form. Following removal of all foci of infection and after the development
Myocardial salvage by intravenous nitroglycerin in conscious dogs: loss of beneficial effect with marked nitroglycerin-induced hypotension.
Authors: B I Jugdutt
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We studied the effect of nitroglycerin-induced decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) on myocardial salvage. Two hours after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, 65 conscious dogs were randomly allocated to receive 4 hr intravenous infusions of saline (group 1, 19 dogs), or nitroglycerin in doses to decrease MAP by 10% (group 2, 18 dogs), 25% (group 3, 14 dogs), and 50% (group 4, 14 dogs), respectively. At 7 days, 41 dogs were killed for measurement of infarct size; 24 dogs, given 7 to 10 micron radioactive microspheres for flow calculations, were killed 6 hr after occlusion. Boundaries of the occluded bed were defined by postmortem coronary arteriography. Infarct and occluded bed masses were measured by planimetry of weighed transverse sections of the left ventricle. Compared with saline infusions in group 1, nitroglycerin infusions produced sustained reductions (p less than .001) in mean left atrial pressure and MAP in all dogs, but heart rate was unchanged. The decreases in MAP achieved in groups 2, 3, and 4 were 10% (range, 5% to 19%), 23%, and 39%, respectively, with average levels of 96 (range, 83 to 113), 83, and 64 mm Hg, respectively. Despite similar masses of the occluded bed and left ventricle among the four groups, infarct size was significantly smaller (p less than .025) in group 2 compared with groups 1, 3, or 4, expressed both as percent of the left ventricle (6% vs 14% vs 13% vs 15%) and as percent of the occluded bed (13% vs 37% vs 34% vs 44%). Myocardial salvage (expressed as percent of the occluded bed) with nitroglycerin correlated inversely with the percent of decrease in MAP (r = -.77, p less than .001). Collateral blood flow increased (p less than .005) throughout the occluded bed in group 2 compared with group 1 but was unchanged in groups 3 and 4. In contrast, coronary vascular resistance decreased (p less than .025) in all nitroglycerin groups. These results suggest that perfusion pressure is an important determinant of myocardial salvage during nitroglycerin therapy. An increase in the dose of nitroglycerin to decrease MAP by more than 10%, and to levels below 96 mm Hg, might offset its potential for myocardial salvage in the conscious dog.
The Steroid Content of Adrenal Adenomas and Measurements of Aldosterone Production in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Primary Aldosteronism*
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The content of aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol has been assayed in normal adrenal tissue obtained at autopsy and in adrenal adenomas from both normotensive and hypertensive patients obtained at autopsy and from patients with primary aldosteronism obtained at surgery. The content of aldosterone and corticosterone in the adenomas of patients with essential hypertension was similar to that of normal adrenal tissue and much less than that of adenomas from patients with primary aldosteronism. Since these results do not appear to reflect various extraneous factors such as assay technique, degradation of steroids, and patient selection, they suggest that most adrenal adenomas found in patients with essential hypertension are not associated with increased aldosterone production. The presence of such adenomas should not, in itself, be considered evidence for primary aldosteronism. The excretion or secretion of aldosterone in 43 hypertensive patients was found to be similar to that of 39 normotensive patients. These results suggest that primary aldosteronism is rarely the cause of "essential" hypertension.
The influence of long-term treatment with histamine H1 receptor antagonists and theophylline on the incidence of febrile convulsion in children with atopic dermatitis and/or asthma
Authors: Y Morisawa, Y Ohya, T Katsunuma, T Ishii, H Watanabe, T Suda, H Kawahara, H Matsumota, Hiroshi Wakiguchi, A Akasawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL POPLITEAL NERVES IN LESIONS OF THE SCIATIC NERVE
Authors: T. E. Hammond
Journal: BMJ (1918)

The treatment adopted presented no, points of special interest.Tinct.opii ntxx at the onset, repeated on the second and third nights and combined with magnesium suLlphate 1 oz.daily, was found very efficacious.Aspirin relieved the headache-and the pains.Easton's syrup was given during convalescence. Conclusions.The following would seem to be the chief clinical features in which the disease, as seen here, differed from the commonly circulated deseriptions:l.The ocourrence of definite reinfections.2. The frequency of post-critical rises of tempera.ture.3. The great variability in the amount of con- junctival injection. 4. The great preponderance of.critical falls of temperature over those falling by lysis.
Ontogeny, phylogeny, and the relational reinterpretation hypothesis
Authors: Elizabeth V. Hallinan, Valerie A. Kuhlmeier
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract If our knowledge of human cognition were based solely on research with participants younger than the age of 2 years, there would be no basis for the relational reinterpretation hypothesis, and Darwin's continuity theory would be safe as houses. Because many of the shortcomings cited apply to human infants, we propose how a consideration of cognitive development would inform the relational reinterpretation hypothesis.
Biologic Variability of Leukocyte Count
Authors: WILLIAM A. STEAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 January 1972Biologic Variability of Leukocyte CountWILLIAM A. STEAD, M.D.WILLIAM A. STEAD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-1-145_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I enjoyed the article, "Chronic Idiopathic Leukocytosis," by Ward and Reinhard in the August 1971 issue, but it seems to me that the authors might have given a better perspective to their observations if they had considered the elevation of the leukocyte count as a biologic variation, such as is expounded by Dr. Roger Williams inBiochemical Individuality(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publishers, New York, 1956). He took pains to point out that our concept of normality for measured variables is based on inadequate sampling and that a wider sampling always reveals the limits of normality...Reference1. WILLIAMS R: Biochemical Individuality. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publishers, 1956 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee County General Hospital Milwaukee, Wis. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1972Volume 76, Issue 1Page: 145-145KeywordsBiologicsLeukocytosis Issue Published: 1 January 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Australian wins right to fight tobacco company
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A judge in Sydney's supreme court has rejected an application by an Australian tobacco company, W D and H O Wills, that a former smoker cannot seek damages in the consumer claims tribunal. Justice Ireland ruled last month that Dr Sarah Hodson could proceed with her claim to the tribunal for compensation of $A1000 (£500), which she estimates represents the costs she has borne in seeking help to stop smoking.

Dr Hodson had approached the tribunal--typically …
An Employer's Perspective on Hospitalists as a Source of Improved Health Care Value
Authors: Arnold Milstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

The probable perspective of large employers toward the phenomenon of hospitalists can be derived by examining the four essential elements of health care value to employers. Current hospital care in the United States is thought to offer substantial opportunities for improvement, and the impact of hospitalist programs on an employer's sense of health care value is predicted to be favorable. This prediction, however, should be validated through outcomes research before it is widely propagated. If innovations as promising as hospitalist programs are to occur in ambulatory care, employers and other health care purchasers must be proactive in identifying and rewarding them.
Book: Patient Care in Neurology
Authors: N F Lawton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Ed Adrian C Williams Oxford University Press, £35, pp 500 ISBN 0 19 262857 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> The neurology section in medical libraries tends to consist of weighty tomes that are standard texts for the specialist and a motley selection of layperson's guides on how to cope with neurological disability. Nothing wrong with either, but there is surely room for a meeting of minds in the approach to neurological practice. Patient Care in Neurology is written for neurologists, but its strategy is to broaden the debate from the narrow … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
The Treatment of Sickness from Uterine Irritation
Authors: E. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1876)

one which has some years since been distended by pregnancy?Of course, it will be answered that in that case the obsi ruction will be its own evidence; yet it may not be so very apparent as to be indis- It is very probably a provision of Nature that our blood-vessels, nerves, and nearly all our hones, arc of a rounded form, a form which permits bullets or other missiles to glide off rather than penetrate.This partial immunity may also have been owing in some degree to the peculiar form and construction of the projectiles, which were, I under-
The Mystery of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Frank Marcus, Jeffrey A. Towbin
Journal: Circulation (2006)

nly 24 years have elapsed from the time that the clinical profile of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) was first described. 1Since then, this entity has been found to have a prevalence of about 1 in 5000 persons 2 and is well recognized in the United States, Europe, and Asia.The usual clinical presentation of ARVD/C is that of palpitations, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and sustained ventricular arrhythmias.Uncommonly, sudden cardiac death may be the first manifestation of the disease.Most patients with this condition experience the onset of these symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40 years, and the disease shows a predisposition to occur in men.A familial incidence was noted in the early description of the disease.
T-Cell--Mediated Immunity to Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Humans: an Example of "Swimming Upstream"?
Authors: M. S. Mitchell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

In this issue of the Journal, Tsang, Schlom, and co-workers (/) demonstrate that a peptide from carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is capable of generating cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro from precursors present in cancer patients immunized with a recombinant vaccinia-CEA vaccine. The importance of this finding cannot be fully assessed until the therapeutic value of vaccination with CEA has been determined. Yet, there is no doubt that the theoretical and practical significance of the results may well be profound. First, the findings of Tsang, Schlom, and co-workers begin to demonstrate that CEA is immunogenic in humans, which was not intuitively obvious when their studies were begun. CEA was first described by Gold and Freedman (2), who thought that they had found the first tumor-specific antigen and emphasized its possible value in detecting early carcinomas of the colon. Unfortunately, both of these assertions proved to be incorrect. CEA was found in patients with other types of tumor, in patients with
The SAFE project: ‘plant food allergies: field to table strategies for reducing their incidence in Europe’ an EC‐funded study
Authors: K. Hoffmann‐Sommergruber
Journal: Allergy (2005)

The true prevalence of food allergy as an IgE mediated reaction is still under discussion. Using apple as a model allergen source a multidisciplinary consortium worked together at developing various strategies for reducing the incidence of fruit allergies in an EC‐funded project. Patient allergen profiles were established using in vitro and in vivo tests with respect to geographic area and mild or severe symptoms. Apple allergens (Mal d 1–Mal d 4) were characterised, variants identified, cloned and sequenced. These individual allergens were used to increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. Furthermore, they provided better prognosis of disease severity. RT‐PCR and ELISA were developed for determining the allergen specific mRNA and expressed allergenic protein in a large number of apple cultivars. Similarly, changes in allergen characteristics from harvest through storage to processing and the impact of agronomic practices were investigated. Allergen genes were mapped on a molecular linkage map of apple. The biological function of Mal d 1 was studied using the RNA interference strategy. Finally, consumer attitudes in Northern, Central and Southern Europe were gauged on the acceptability of low allergen cultivars or a GMO and its impact on product quality.
Recent initiatives by the European Union
Authors: M Joffe
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Widespread scepticism surrounded last year's signing of the Maastricht treaty. So far, the response to the treaty has been defensive - for example, to use the principle of subsidiarity to avoid previous responsibilities, notably in environmental protection (step forward, Britain). Sometimes the European Union itself contributes to this scepticism, as in its continuing subsidies for production of tobacco and its damaging proposal for a directive on data protection.1

The European Union needs to improve its image. Paying more attention to health could be one way of achieving this. Article 129 of the treaty gave the union competence in health protection and is concerned with preventing “major health scourges, including drug dependence.”2

Last June, the council of health ministers stated that health policy should aim at “adding life to years, as well as years to life.”3 Proposals included improving the quality, comparability, analysis, and distribution of health data and …