tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PARTICIPATION OF BICARBONATE IN RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESES AS INDICATED BY VIRUS PROPAGATION IN HUMAN CELLS
Authors: R. Shihman Chang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The propagation of a strain of Coxsackie virus, group B type 1, in human cell cultures depleted of bicarbonate has been studied. Under the described experimental conditions, bicarbonate depletion suppresses the propagation of this virus. This suppressive effect may be reversed by the addition of the following compounds to the bicarbonate-depleted cultures: (a) bicarbonate; (b) adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine; (c) adenylic, guanylic, cytidylic, and uridylic acids; (d) enzymatically degraded RNA prepared from yeasts or human embryo, or (e) RNA. The following compounds are unable to reverse the suppressive effect of bicarbonate depletion: (a) adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, with or without ribose; (b) adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine; (c) deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and thymidine; (d) deoxyadenylic, deoxyguanylic, deoxycytidylic, and thymidylic acids; (e) enzymatically degraded DNA, or (f) DNA. The same general results as with the Coxsackie virus have been obtained with a strain of poliovirus and vaccinia virus. The failure of bicarbonate depletion to suppress completely the propagation of the poliovirus under the described condition constitutes a major difference. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Inflammatory changes, recovery and recurrence at COPD exacerbation
Authors: W. R. Perera, J. R. Hurst, T. M. A. Wilkinson, R. J. Sapsford, H. Müllerova, G. C. Donaldson, J. A. Wedzicha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are associated with increased airway and systemic inflammation, though relationships between exacerbation recovery, recurrent exacerbation and inflammation have not been previously reported. In the present study, inflammatory changes at COPD exacerbations were related to clinical nonrecovery and recurrent exacerbations within 50 days. Serum interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), sputum IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in 73 COPD patients when stable, at exacerbation and at 7, 14 and 35 days post-exacerbation. In 23% of patients, symptoms did not recover to baseline by day 35. These patients had persistently higher levels of serum CRP during the recovery period. A total of 22% of the patients who had recurrent exacerbations within 50 days had significantly higher levels of serum CRP at day 14, compared with those without recurrences: 8.8 mg.L(-1) versus 3.4 mg.L(-1). Frequent exacerbators had a smaller reduction in systemic inflammation between exacerbation onset and day 35 compared with infrequent exacerbators. Nonrecovery of symptoms at chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation is associated with persistently heightened systemic inflammation. The time course of systemic inflammation following exacerbation is different between frequent and infrequent exacerbators. A high serum C-reactive protein concentration 14 days after an index exacerbation may be used as a predictor of recurrent exacerbations within 50 days.
Coal miners' respiratory disease litigation
Authors: R. RUDD
Journal: Thorax (1998)

On 23 January 1998 Mr Justice Turner delivered his judgement in the longest and probably most expensive personal injury court case ever to take place in Britain, concerning respiratory disease in coal miners. The background to the trial was that many former miners in different parts of the country had initiated actions at common law against British Coal over a period of several years, some as long ago as 1989, claiming damages for occupational respiratory disease. This was disease other than pneumoconiosis for which there has for a long time been an agreed scheme of compensation by British Coal. Since 1992 there has been a “prescribed disease” of chronic bronchitis and emphysema for which Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit is payable but, as with all types of occupational disease, the sufferer is entitled to pursue an action at common law against the employer(s) responsible for causing the disease in addition to claiming benefit from the state.

Solicitors representing different plaintiffs formed a group which acted collectively in the litigation and, at the request of legal representatives from both sides, the court decided that a test case should be heard which it was hoped would establish some general principles by which other cases could be dealt with subsequently. Eight lead cases were selected for the trial, some chosen by each side in the action, partly on grounds of being representative of some common situation and partly on grounds of being considered strong cases with which to illustrate their arguments. Six of the men were alive. Two had died before the case reached trial and actions continued on behalf of their estates.

The trial opened in October 1996 in London and then moved to Sheffield and later Cardiff to hear evidence from former miners about their past working conditions. In January 1997 the …
Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Low Glomerular Filtration Rate in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Salvatore De Cosmo, Olga Lamacchia, Loreto Gesualdo, Vincenzo Trischitta, Mauro Cignarelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We thank Saito et al. (1) for their interest and comments regarding our recent article (2). They suggest that the absence of positive correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and severity of …
The Role of Pethidine in Sedation for Colonoscopy
Authors: B. J. Rembacken, A. T. R. Axon
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

As sedation with a combination of benzodiazepines and opioids has been associated with an increased risk of serious cardiorespiratory events, it is rarely used in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The combination is, however, still commonly used in sedation for colonscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This study aimed to determine the benefits and disadvantages of adding pethidine to diazepam (Diazemuls) in the sedation for colonoscopic examinations.Seventy-one consecutive patients attending for routine colonoscopy were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner to sedation with Diazemuls alone or Diazemuls with pethidine. The colonoscopist was at liberty to administrate any dose of Diazemuls considered appropriate for the patient's age and size, following which the patient was given an injection of pethidine 50 mg or a placebo. Both the patient and the endoscopist were blind to whether pethidine or a placebo was used. Adequacy of sedation was assessed and oxygen saturation recorded throughout the procedure. Oxygen was administered if the oxygen saturation fell below 92%. Patient satisfaction with sedation and recall of the procedure was recorded, by questionnaire, one day after examination.A total of 71 patients were entered into the trial. The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, weight, alcohol intake, and state of health. An average of 18 mg of Diazemuls was given in the pethidine group and 19 mg in the placebo group. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of sedation obtained with the two regimens, although there was a tendency for the combination of Diazemuls with pethidine to give deeper sedation. Three patients were inadequately sedated with Diazemuls alone, requiring the code to be broken for pethidine to be given. Nine colonoscopies had to be abandoned due to patient intolerance in the group receiving Diazemuls, compared to five in the group receiving the combination regimen (p = 0.22). Twice as many patients receiving the combination of Diazemuls with pethidine required oxygen supplementation to maintain oxygen saturation during the procedure. This difference was highly statistically significant (p = 0.008). With the administration of supplemental oxygen, the average drop in oxygenation was similar in both groups. Satisfaction with sedation and recall for the procedure were similar in both groups.Although the patients had no preference for either regime, there may be an advantage in using the combination of Diazemuls and pethidine, as there was a trend for this combination to be preferred by the colonoscopists. The combination of a benzodiazepine with an opiate should be used with caution, however, as there was a greater requirement for oxygen in the group sedated by Diazemuls and pethidine.
Sequence variation in hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A predicts clinical outcome of pegylated interferon/ribavirin combination therapy
Authors: Ahmed El‐Shamy, Motoko Nagano‐Fujii, Noriko Sasase, Susumu Imoto, Soo‐Ryang Kim, Hak Hotta
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

A substantial proportion of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-1b-infected patients still do not respond to interferon-based therapy. This study aims to explore a predictive marker for the ultimate virological response of HCV-1b-infected patients treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) combination therapy. Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) sequences of HCV in the pretreated sera of 45 patients infected with HCV-1b were analyzed. The mean number of mutations in the variable region 3 (V3) plus its upstream flanking region of NS5A (amino acid 2334-2379), referred to as IFN/RBV resistance-determining region (IRRDR), was significantly higher for HCV isolates obtained from patients who later achieved sustained virological response (SVR) by PEG-IFN/RBV than for those in patients undergoing non-SVR. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis estimated six mutations in IRRDR as the optimal threshold for SVR prediction. Indeed, 16 (76%) of 21 SVR, but only 2 (8%) of 24 non-SVR, had HCV with six or more mutations in IRRDR (IRRDR > or = 6) (P < 0.0001). All of 18 patients infected with HCV of IRRDR of 6 or greater examined showed a significant (> or =1 log) reduction or disappearance of serum HCV core antigen titers within 24 hours after initial dose of PEG-IFN/RBV, whereas 10 (37%) of 27 patients with HCV of IRRDR of 5 or less did (P < 0.0001). The positive predictive value of IRRDR of 6 or greater for SVR was 89% (16/18; P = 0.0007), with its negative predictive value for non-SVR being 81% (22/27; P = 0.0008).A high degree (> or =6) of sequence variation in IRRDR would be a useful marker for predicting SVR, whereas a less diverse (< or =5) IRRDR sequence predicts non-SVR.
Comparative haemodynamic and metabolic effects of vasodilator and inotropic agents in experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: J. A. FRANCIOSA, A. V. NOTARGIACOMO, J. N. COHN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Journal Article Comparative haemodynamic and metabolic effects of vasodilator and inotropic agents in experimental myocardial infarction Get access JOSEPH A. FRANCIOSA, JOSEPH A. FRANCIOSA 1 From the Hypertension and Clinical Hemodynamics Section, Veterans Administration Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, and the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 1Address for reprints: Dr Joseph A. Franciosa, Veterans Administration Hospital, 54th Street and 48th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALDO V. NOTARGIACOMO, ALDO V. NOTARGIACOMO From the Hypertension and Clinical Hemodynamics Section, Veterans Administration Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, and the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAY N. COHN JAY N. COHN From the Hypertension and Clinical Hemodynamics Section, Veterans Administration Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, and the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 12, Issue 5, May 1978, Pages 294–302, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/12.5.294 Published: 01 May 1978
Dermatology in-patient management greatly improves life quality
Authors: H.A. KURWA, A.Y. FINLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Dermatology in‐patient management greatly improves life quality Get access H.A. KURWA, H.A. KURWA Department of Dermatology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U.K. Dr H.A.Kurwa, Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London EI IBB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.Y. FINLAY A.Y. FINLAY Department of Dermatology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 4, 1 October 1995, Pages 575–578, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02708.x Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Accepted: 23 November 1994 Published: 01 October 1995
Exacerbation of Alcoholic Liver Injury by Enteral Endotoxin in Rats
Authors: Philippe Mathurin, Qing-Gao Deng, Ali Keshavarzian, Sandeep Choudhary, Earle W. Holmes, Hidekazu Tsukamoto
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Increased gut permeability (leaky gut) and endotoxin–mediated Kupffer cell activation are proposed as the mechanisms of alcoholic liver injury. Although ethanol feeding is shown to sensitize the liver for injury induced by parental administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), how enteral LPS loading affects alcoholic liver injury is yet to be tested. The present study provides direct evidence for enhanced entrance to portal circulation of LPS enterally administered to the intragastric ethanol infusion model. Portal and systemic blood endotoxin levels increased to 43.0 ± 4.1 and 6.2 ± 4.3 pg/mL at 2 hours following enteral LPS administration (5 mg/kg) in alcohol–fed animals, while no such increases were observed in pair–fed controls. However, endotoxin levels in systemic blood of alcohol–fed rats were reduced to 0 to 1.5 pg/mL 16 hours after LPS administration. Weekly enteral administration of LPS to the model for 9 weeks exacerbated an increase in plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (227 ± 75 vs. 140 ± 70; P &lt; .01), mononuclear infiltration (25 ± 22 vs. 6.4 ± 4.4/10 mm 2 ; P = .02), sinusoidal congestion, and spotty necrosis, and induced diffuse coagulative necrosis and centrilobular fibrosis in some animals. Reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) analysis confirmed the LPS effect at the tissue level by demonstrating accentuated induction of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF–α) and Cox–2 mRNA. In conclusion, enteral LPS administration potentiates alcoholic liver necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis despite efficient endotoxin clearance by the liver and mild systemic endotoxemia that occurs episodically following enteral LPS challenge.
Nitric Oxide and Protein Nitration are Eosinophil Dependent in Allergen-Challenged Mice
Authors: HIROAKI IIJIMA, ALEXANDRE DUGUET, SEOK-YONG EUM, QUTAYBA HAMID, DAVID H. EIDELMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

To explore the possible role of eosinophils in NO-mediated tissue injury, we studied a murine model of allergic asthma. Male A/J mice were sensitized and challenged intranasally with ovalbumin (OVA). Following challenge, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) increased from 0.4% of total cells at baseline (0.02 × 104 cells/ml) to 60.2% at 48 h after the challenge (9.34 × 104 cells/ml). The rise in eosinophil count was accompanied by a 40.3% increase in total NO2 − plus NO3 − (NOx) in BALF. This in turn was accompanied by expression of inducible NO synthase (NOS II) in airway epithelial and inflammatory cells, as well as by evidence of staining for 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) in peribronchial inflammatory cells and at the epithelial surface. Both NOx production and 3NT were significantly reduced by pretreatment of the challenged mice with the highly specific NOS II inhibitor N-3-aminomethyl-benzyl-acetamidine-dihydrochloride (1400W), as well as by the nonselective NOS inhibitor N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). l-NAME and 1400W also reduced the number of BALF eosinophils (37.2% and 61.5%, respectively, as compared with the control value), suggesting that NO production by NOS II contributes to eosinophil recruitment. To further examine the role of eosinophils, we pretreated additional mice with an anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody, which reduced BALF eosinophilia following OVA challenge by 90.1%. In concert with the decrease in eosinophils, the anti-IL-5 antibody reduced NOx in BALF almost to the baseline value, and decreased the number of 3NT-positive cells in the peribronchial region by 74.4%. Western blot analysis of protein extracted from whole lung confirmed the reduction in tyrosine nitration by anti-IL-5 antibody. These findings indicate that NO and eosinophilic inflammation are closely coupled, and suggest that eosinophils are an important source of tyrosine nitration.
Growing Points in Cardiology
Authors: A. R. Lorimer
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Attempts to keep up to date with advances in any branch of medicine become more and more difficult.Cardiologists can thus be grateful to Professors Yu and Goodwin for setting out to alleviate the major problems of communication and information retrieval.This book is the first of a series in which growing points in cardiology will be selected, reviewed, and assessed.There are ten chap- ters and contributors are drawn more or less equally from Britain and the U.S.A.The range of topics
Control of Energy Homeostasis: Role of Enzymes and Intermediates of Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Michael J. Wolfgang, M. Daniel Lane
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2006)

The regulation of energy homeostasis is critical for normal physiology and survival. Energy flux must be rigorously monitored and adjusted to ensure that fuel intake and expenditure remain within acceptable limits. The central nervous system (CNS) is, in large part, responsible for conducting this energy-monitoring function and for integrating the numerous inputs. It has become evident that neurons of the CNS monitor and respond to levels of metabolic intermediates that reflect peripheral energy status. Intermediates in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway have been implicated as hypothalamic signaling mediators that sense and respond to changes in circulating fuels. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of the enzymes of fatty acid metabolism have led to the hypothesis that neuronal metabolic intermediates affect neural outputs that modify both feeding behavior and energy expenditure. This review focuses on the regulatory roles of these enzymes and intermediates in the regulation of food intake and energy balance.
Subhepatic Intraperitoneal Abscess
Authors: Harvey J. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1979)

INTRAPERITONEAL abscess is rare in patients without preceding abdominal surgery or trauma. Only about 15% of all subphrenic abscesses develop without these predisposing factors; most are due to a perforated viscus or cholecystitis.<sup>1-3</sup>Because the therapy includes both appropriate antibiotics and surgical drainage, early identification and accurate localization of an abscess are essential for management. Clinical suspicion of an abdominal abscess in a patient who does not have a history of surgery or trauma is usually low. An unusual case of an intravenous drug abuser with a large subhepatic abscess is described to highlight the pertinent clinical and roentgenographic findings. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old man with a long history of heroin and alcohol abuse came to the emergency room at night with a history of three weeks of increasing right upper quadrant and right lower chest pain, worse on deep inspiration. He also complained of daily fever,
Selexipag: an oral, selective prostacyclin receptor agonist for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Gérald Simonneau, Adam Torbicki, Marius M. Hoeper, Marion Delcroix, Kristóf Karlócai, Nazzareno Galiè, Bruno Degano, Diana Bonderman, Marcin Kurzyna, Michela Efficace, Ruben Giorgino, Irene M. Lang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

In this phase 2 proof-of-concept study we examined the safety and efficacy of selexipag, an orally available, selective prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) agonist, as a treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). 43 adult patients with symptomatic PAH (receiving stable endothelin receptor antagonist and/or a phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor therapy) were randomised three to one to receive either selexipag or placebo. Dosage was up-titrated in 200-μg increments from 200 μg twice daily on day 1 to the maximum tolerated dose by day 35 (maximum allowed dose of 800 μg twice daily). Change in pulmonary vascular resistance at week 17 expressed as a percentage of the baseline value was the primary efficacy end-point, and was analysed in the per protocol set first and then in the all-treated set to assess robustness of results. A statistically significant 30.3% reduction in geometric mean pulmonary vascular resistance was observed after 17 weeks' treatment with selexipag compared with placebo (95% confidence limits -44.7– -12.2; p=0.0045, Wilcoxon rank sum test). This was supported by a similar result from the all-treated set. Selexipag was well tolerated with a safety profile in line with the expected pharmacological effect. Our results encourage the further investigation of selexipag for the treatment of PAH.
The Effect of Nutrition on Blood Pressure
Authors: Vincenzo Savica, Guido Bellinghieri, Joel D. Kopple
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2010)

The incidence and severity of hypertension are affected by nutritional status and intake of many nutrients. Excessive energy intake and obesity are major causes of hypertension. Obesity is associated with increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, possibly other mineralcorticoid activity, insulin resistance, salt-sensitive hypertension and excess salt intake, and reduced kidney function. High sodium chloride intake strongly predisposes to hypertension. Increased alcohol consumption may acutely elevate blood pressure. High intakes of potassium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and protein, along with exercise and possibly vitamin D, may reduce blood pressure. Less-conclusive studies suggest that amino acids, tea, green coffee bean extract, dark chocolate, and foods high in nitrates may reduce blood pressure. Short-term studies indicate that specialized diets may prevent or ameliorate mild hypertension; most notable are the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which is high in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, and the DASH low-sodium diet. Long-term compliance to these diets remains a major concern.