tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human arthroplasty derived macrophages differentiate into osteoclastic bone resorbing cells
Authors: A. Sabokbar, Y. Fujikawa, S. Neale, D. W Murray, N. A Athanasou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> In aseptic loosening, a heavy macrophage response to biomaterial wear particles is commonly found in arthroplasty tissues. The aim of this study was to discover if these cells contribute to the bone resorption of aseptic loosening by differentiating into osteoclasts. <h3>METHODS</h3> Macrophages were isolated from the pseudocapsule and pseudomembrane of loose cemented and uncemented hip arthroplasties at the time of revision surgery and then co-cultured on glass coverslips and dentine slices with UMR 106 rat osteoblast-like cells, both in the presence and absence of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> [1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>]. Macrophages isolated from the synovial membrane of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing hip replacements were similarly studied as a control group. <h3>RESULTS</h3> After 24 hours incubation, most cells isolated from the above periprosthetic tissues strongly expressed macrophage (CD11b, CD14) but not osteoclast markers. However, after 14 days incubation, numerous multinucleated cells showing the phenotypic features of osteoclasts (that is, positive for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, the vitronectin receptor, and capable of extensive lacunar resorption) formed in co-cultures of arthroplasty derived macrophages and UMR 106 cells, in the presence of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>. The addition of an antibody to macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) considerably reduced macrophage-osteoclast differentiation and hence the lacunar resorption seen in these co-cultures. In contrast, OA synovial macrophage/UMR 106 co-cultures showed little or no evidence of macrophage-osteoclast differentiation and this was only seen when human M-CSF was added to the co-cultures. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> This is the first report showing that human macrophages isolated directly from periprosthetic tissues surrounding loosened implants can differentiate into multinucleated cells showing all the functional and cytochemical characteristics of osteoclasts. In contrast with other macrophage populations, exogenous M-CSF is not required for this to occur. In the context of the heavy macrophage response to wear particles in periprosthetic tissues macrophage-osteoclast differentiation may represent an important cellular mechanism whereby osteolysis is effected in aseptic loosening.
An unexpected present
Authors: G. Mathai
Journal: BMJ (2000)

factors such as the bone affected, the need for reduction, and rates of admission were broadly similar among the groups.The study was retrospective because we did not want to affect current practice, and we did not measure potential confounding factors.What factors determine prescription of analgesia?Ethnicity could influence pain threshold, communication of pain to healthcare staff, and relationships between patients and staff.A recent review concluded that no ethnic differences were detected in the neurophysiological detection of pain, but there are reports of interethnic variation in the interpretation and expression of pain. 2 3 In contrast to Todd et al, however, we found that ethnicity was not a risk factor for underuse of analgesia in isolated long bone fractures in our hospital.We thank Naomi Barrows, Clinical Effectiveness Unit Project coordinator, for her help with this study.PY initiated the study and contributed to study design, data analysis, and writing of the paper.
Abstract 16535: Clinical Significance of Echo-Attenuated Plaque on Intravascular Ultrasound in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Shigeki Kimura, Yosuke Yamakami, Keisuke Kojima, Yuichiro Sagawa, Hirofumi Ohtani, Keiichi Hishikari, Tomoyo Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Hikita, Atsushi Takahashi, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Several studies have reported that echo-attenuated plaque (EA) on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was related to poor outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndrome. However, its clinical significance and influence on outcomes in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) has not been fully clarified. We investigated relationships of EA on IVUS with other plaque morphologies and outcomes after PCI in SAP patients. Methods: We investigated 127 de-novo lesions in 127 SAP patients with normal pre-PCI cardiac troponin-T level (cTnT &lt;0.014ng/ml), who underwent pre-PCI IVUS and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. All lesions were divided into lesions with and without EA on IVUS. The occurrence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) was defined by elevation of cTnT level at 24h after PCI ≥5 times the upper limit of normal range. Plaque morphologies on IVUS and OCT were compared between the two groups. Further, we investigated the independent predictors for occurrence of PMI by multivariate analysis. Results: EA was observed in 34 (26.8%) lesions. Lesions with EA had greater vessel area (15.8±4.9 vs. 12.7±4.0 mm2, p=0.002), plaque burden (83.9±7.2 vs. 78.6±8.6%, p&lt;0.001) and remodeling index (1.19±0.25 vs. 1.00±0.24, p&lt;0.001) on IVUS than those without EA. OCT analysis showed greater lipid arc (213±80 vs. 155±99 degree, p=0.001), thinner fibrous cap thickness (182±109 vs. 231±114 μm, p=0.03), higher frequency of thin-cap fibroatheroma (23.5 vs. 7.5%, p=0.03), and white thrombus (29.8 vs. 9.7%, p=0.004) in lesions with EA. Lesions with EA had calcified plaques with smaller arc (92.6±45.4 vs. 144±88 degree, p=0.005) and thinner thickness (388±151 vs. 623±265 μm, p&lt;0.001) on OCT than those without EA. Multivariate analysis including clinical, lesion characteristics and procedural results revealed that EA on IVUS remained an independent predictor for PMI (odds ratio 4.49, 95% confidence interval 1.72-11.73, p=0.002). Conclusions: In SAP lesions, presence of EA on IVUS may suggest the existence of unstable plaque compositions and may predict for occurrence of PMI.
Epidemiology and Treatment of Eosinophilic Fasciitis
Authors: Natalie A. Wright, Daniel R. Mazori, Mital Patel, Joseph F. Merola, Alisa N. Femia, Ruth Ann Vleugels
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

This study reports that misdiagnoses, unnecessary procedures, and undertreatment were common among patients with eosinophilic fasciitis, while combination therapy with corticosteroids and methotrexate resulted in higher rates of complete response.
Suppressive Effect of Insulin Infusion on Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors
Authors: Husam Ghanim, Kelly Korzeniewski, Chang Ling Sia, Sanaa Abuaysheh, Teekam Lohano, Ajay Chaudhuri, Paresh Dandona
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE In view of the previously described anti-inflammatory effects of insulin, we investigated the potential suppressive effect of insulin on plasma concentrations and expression of the chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and their receptors, chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 and CCR-5, in mononuclear cells (MNCs). We also investigated the effect of insulin on other chemokines. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten obese type 2 diabetic patients were infused with insulin (2 units/h with 100 ml of 5% dextrose/h) for 4 h. Another 8 and 6 type 2 diabetic patients were infused with 100 ml of 5% dextrose/h or saline for 4 h, respectively, and served as control subjects. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. RESULTS Insulin infusion significantly suppressed the plasma concentrations of MCP-1, eotaxin, and RANTES and the expression of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, CCR-2, and CCR-5 in MNCs at 2 and 4 h. Dextrose and saline infusions did not alter these indexes. CONCLUSIONS A low-dose infusion of insulin suppresses the plasma concentration of key chemokines, MCP-1, and RANTES, and the expression of their respective receptors, CCR-2 and CCR-5, in MNCs. Insulin also suppresses the expression of RANTES and MIP-1β in MNCs. These actions probably contribute to the comprehensive anti-inflammatory effect of insulin.
Are there autoantibodies reacting against citrullinated peptides derived from type I and type II collagens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: M-K Koivula
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objectives:</b> To assess the possible presence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of autoantibodies recognising citrullinated peptides derived from type I and II collagens. <b>Methods:</b> Firstly, the binding of four pairs of synthetic peptides (arginine-containing and artificially citrullinated forms) related to different regions of human type II collagen were tested with sera from 120 patients with RA and 81 controls. Secondly, two similar pairs of peptides related to the carboxy terminal telopeptides of the α1 and α2 chains of human type I collagen were tested. <b>Results:</b> 42–53% of the RA sera showed increased binding of arginine peptides related to type II collagen. However, 12 RA sera bound the citrullinated form of the α1(II) telopeptide more strongly than the corresponding arginine peptide. 20 RA sera bound the citrullinated carboxytelopeptide from the α1 chain of type I collagen (α1(I) telopeptide) more strongly than the respective arginine peptide. The correlation between the autoantibodies to type I and II collagen telopeptides was <i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.576, p&lt;0.001. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) assay was positive in 71/120 (59%) patients with RA. An anti-CCP assay detects a different subgroup of antibodies than anti-telopeptide assays. However, both anti-telopeptide and anti-CCP antibodies were increased in patients with RA. <b>Conclusion:</b> Some patients with RA were identified whose sera contained antibodies that specifically bound citrullinated peptides related to the carboxy terminal telopeptides of the α1 and α2 chains of type I collagen and the α1 chains of type II collagen (sequences YYXA, FYXA, and YMXA, where X stands for citrulline).
Prospective hospital based study on persistent diarrhoea.
Authors: P Dutta, M Lahiri, D Sen, S C Pal
Journal: Gut (1991)

A total of 383 children aged less than 5 years suffering from acute watery diarrhoea or dysentery were studied in hospital to determine the rate of persistent diarrhoea. Altogether 335 (87.5%) recovered within 13 days. Only in 48 (12.5%) did the diarrhoea continue for 14 days or more, and they were considered as having persistent diarrhoea. Children aged between 7 and 18 months had a significantly increased incidence of persistent diarrhoea. Children suffering from grade II-IV malnutrition constituted the majority (70.8%) of those with persistent diarrhoea. Higher rates of isolation of Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae 1, and Salmonella typhimurium were observed among patients with persistent diarrhoea than in those with diarrhoea of shorter duration. No positive correlations were observed between the clinical severity of disease at hospital admission and measles. Breast fed babies were not prone to persistent diarrhoea.
Progression of Coronary Calcium and Incident Coronary Heart Disease Events
Authors: Matthew J. Budoff, Rebekah Young, Victor A. Lopez, Richard A. Kronmal, Khurram Nasir, Roger S. Blumenthal, Robert C. Detrano, Diane E. Bild, Alan D. Guerci, Kiang Liu, Steven Shea, Moyses Szklo, Wendy Post, Joao Lima, Alain Bertoni, Nathan D. Wong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Randomized Double-Blind Factorial Trial of Three Treatments To Reduce the Prevalence of Precancerous Gastric Lesions
Authors: Wei-cheng You, Linda M. Brown, Lian Zhang, Ji-you Li, Mao-lin Jin, Yun-shen Chang, Jun-ling Ma, Kai-feng Pan, Wei-dong Liu, Yuanreng Hu, Susan Crystal-Mansour, David Pee, William J. Blot, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Guang-wei Xu, Mitchell H. Gail
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Background: Randomized trials have yielded mixed results on the effects of treatment for Helicobacter pylori and little information on the effects of vitamins or garlic supplements on precancerous gastric lesions. We conducted a randomized trial to test the effects of one-time H. pylori treatment and long-term vitamin or garlic supplements in reducing the prevalence of advanced precancerous gastric lesions. Methods: Most of the adults aged 35–64 years in 13 randomly selected villages in Linqu County, Shandong Province, China, were identified and given baseline endoscopies in 1994. In 1995, 3365 eligible subjects were randomly assigned in a factorial design to three interventions or placebos: amoxicillin and omeprazole for 2 weeks in 1995 ( H. pylori treatment); vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium for 7.3 years (vitamin supplement); and aged garlic extract and steam-distilled garlic oil for 7.3 years (garlic supplement). Subjects underwent endoscopies with biopsies in 1999 and 2003, and the prevalence of precancerous gastric lesions was determined by histopathologic examination of seven standard biopsy sites. The 3365 eligible randomized subjects represented 93.5% of those with baseline endoscopy and included all baseline histologic categories except gastric cancer. Only 0.18% had normal gastric mucosa. Logistic regression was used to estimate the intervention effects on the odds of advanced precancerous gastric lesions, and t -tests were used to assess effects on histologic severity. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results:H. pylori treatment resulted in statistically significant decreases in the combined prevalence of severe chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, or gastric cancer in 1999 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 0.95) and in 2003 (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.75), and had favorable effects on the average histopathologic severity and on progression and regression of precancerous gastric lesions in 2003. H. pylori treatment did not reduce the combined prevalence of dysplasia or gastric cancer. However, fewer subjects receiving H. pylori treatment (19/1130; 1.7%) than receiving placebo (27/1128; 2.4%) developed gastric cancer (adjusted P = .14). No statistically significant favorable effects were seen for garlic or vitamin supplements. Conclusion:H. pylori treatment reduces the prevalence of precancerous gastric lesions and may reduce gastric cancer incidence, but further data are needed to prove the latter point. Long-term vitamin or garlic supplementation had no beneficial effects on the prevalence of precancerous gastric lesions or on gastric cancer incidence.
Thalidomide and rituximab in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Steven P. Treon, Jacob D. Soumerai, Andrew R. Branagan, Zachary R. Hunter, Christopher J. Patterson, Leukothea Ioakimidis, Frederick M. Briccetti, Mark Pasmantier, Harvey Zimbler, Robert B. Cooper, Maria Moore, John Hill, Alan Rauch, Lawrence Garbo, Luis Chu, Cynthia Chua, Stephen H. Nantel, David R. Lovett, Hans Boedeker, Henry Sonneborn, John Howard, Paul Musto, Bryan T. Ciccarelli, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2008)
MATN3 (matrilin-3) sequence variation (pT303M) is a risk factor for osteoarthritis of the CMC1 joint of the hand, but not for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: O Pullig, A Tagariello, A Schweizer, B Swoboda, P Schaller, A Winterpacht
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Osteoarthritis has a multifactorial aetilogy with a strong genetic component.1,2 Recently, Stefansson et al 3 identified a missense mutation (pT303M) in the MATN3 (matrilin-3) gene (designated as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)5) in a large cohort of patients from Iceland, which cosegregates with hand osteoarthritis in several families and shows a frequency of approximately 2% in the Icelandic population (relative risk 2.1). Min et al 4 were not able to repeat this result in two Dutch cohorts of patients with hand osteoarthritis, but reported association of this SNP with spinal disc degeneration in one of their populations (odds ratio 2.9). In contrast, they found that the A allele of SNP6 (nomenclature as in Stefansson et al 3), a silent base exchange in MATN3 , is associated with …
Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated B-cell Lymphomas: Pathogenesis and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Abhik Saha, Erle S. Robertson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human γ-herpesvirus that establishes a life-long asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent hosts. It is also found to be frequently associated with a broad spectrum of B-cell lymphomas predominantly seen in immunodeficient patients. Despite many resemblances, these EBV-linked lymphoproliferative disorders display heterogeneity at the clinical and the molecular level. Moreover, EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases differ in their differential expression patterns of the EBV-encoded latent antigens, which are directly related to their interactions with the host. EBV-driven primary B-cell immortalization is linked to the cooperative functions of these latent proteins, which are critical for perturbing many important cell-signaling pathways maintaining B-cell proliferation. Additionally, it is used as a surrogate model to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of B-cell neoplasms. Recent discoveries have revealed that a number of sophisticated mechanisms are exploited by EBV during cancer progression. This finding will be instrumental in the design of novel approaches for therapeutic interventions against EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas. This review limits the discussion to the biology and pathogenesis of EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas and the related clinical implications.
Case registry systems for pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Europe: are there lessons for the future?
Authors: J Whelan, K Greenland, M Rondy, W van der Hoek, M Robert-Du Ry van Beest Holle
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Countries across Europe developed a range of database systems to register pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases. Anecdotal reports indicate that some systems were not as useful as expected. This was a cross-sectional, semi-structured survey of health professionals who collected and reported pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases in 23 countries within the 27 European Union (EU) Member States plus Norway. We describe here the experiences of using pandemic case register systems developed before and during the pandemic, whether the systems were used as intended and, what problems, if any, were encountered. We conducted the survey to identify improvements that could be made to future pandemic case registers at national and EU level. Despite many inter-country differences, 17 respondents felt that a standardised case register template incorporating a limited number of simple standard variables specified in advance and agreed between the World Health Organization and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control could be useful. Intra- and inter-country working groups could facilitate information exchange, clearer system objectives and improved interoperability between systems.
Notch Pathway Inhibition Significantly Reduces Rhabdomyosarcoma Invasiveness and Mobility <i>In Vitro</i>
Authors: Josep Roma, Anna Masià, Jaume Reventós, Josep Sánchez de Toledo, Soledad Gallego
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in children and can be divided into two main subtypes: embryonal and alveolar RMS. Patients with metastatic disease continue to have very poor prognosis although aggressive therapies and recurrences are common in advanced localized disease. The oncogenic potential of the Notch pathway has been established in some cancers of the adult and in some pediatric malignancies. Experimental Design: A real-time PCR assay was used to ascertain the expression of several Notch pathway components in a wide panel of RMS and cell lines. Four γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) were tested for pathway inhibition and the degree of inhibition was assessed by analysis of Hes1 and Hey1 expression. The putative effects of Notch pathway inhibition were evaluated by wound-healing, matrigel/transwell invasion, cell-cycle, and apoptosis assays. Results: The Notch pathway was widely expressed and activated in RMS and underwent substantial inhibition when treated with GSIs or transfected with a dominant negative form of MAML1. RMS cells showed a significant decrease in its mobility and invasiveness when the Notch pathway was properly inhibited; conversely, its inhibition had no noticeable effect on cell cycle or apoptosis. Conclusion: Pharmacological or genetic blockage of the pathway significantly reduced invasiveness of RMS cell lines, thereby suggesting a possible role of the Notch pathway in the regulation of the metastatic process in RMS. Clin Cancer Res; 17(3); 505–13. ©2010 AACR.
Carcinogenic Effect of di- n -Propylnitrosamine in Syrian Golden Hamsters 2
Authors: Parviz Pour, Friedrich W. Krüger, Antonio Cardesa, Jürgen Althoff, Ulrich Mohr
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Weekly subcutaneous injections of 3.75–60 mg/kg body weight di-n-propylnitrosamine (DPN) caused papillary tumors and carcinomas of the respiratory system in Syrian golden hamsters. The trachea was the main target organ, then the nasal cavities, lungs, stem bronchi, and larynx. The number of tumors in the trachea was largest in the upper segment, smaller in the middle segment, and smallest in the lower segment. The low doses of DPN resulted in mostly benign tumors of epidermoid, mucoepidermoid, and polypous type and a few squamous cell carcinomas in the anterior region of the nasal cavity, whereas the highest doses induced, in addition, carcinomas in the posterior region of the nasoturbinals and ethmoturbinals in 75% of the animals. Results demonstrate that the carcinogenic response of the Syrian golden hamster to DPN follows distinct patterns in the different segments of the respiratory tract.