tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Jump Starting" the Immune System
Authors: Fredric S. Young
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 December 1990"Jump Starting" the Immune SystemFredric S. Young, PhDFredric S. Young, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-995_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:I read with great interest the article on extracorporeal photopheresis in a recent issue (1). As pointed out in the article, it is not known how this therapy stimulates the immune system. Although it came from the field of photodynamic cancer therapy, it is possible, and perhaps even likely, that the immune system stimulation results from mechanisms unrelated to the photoactivation of the psoralen compounds. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Knott technique, an extracorporeal irradiation of blood with ultraviolet light, was widely reported to be effective in the therapy of viral infections (2). Further, a new...References1. Bisaccia E, Berger C, and Klainer A. Extracorporeal photopheresis in the treatment of AIDS-related complex: a pilot study. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:270-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Miley G. The present status of ultraviolet blood irradiation (Knott technic). Irrad Archiv Phys Therapy. 1944;25:357-62. Google Scholar3. Elmets C and Bergstresser P. Ultraviolet radiation effects on immune processes. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 1982;36:715-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Karu T. Photobiological fundamentals of low power laser therapy. IEEE J Quant Elec. 1987;QE-23:1703-17. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. Westerhoff H, Tsong T, Chock P, Chen Y, and Astumian R. How enzymes can capture and transmit free energy from an oscillating electromagnetic field. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83:4734-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Fredric S. Young, PhDAffiliations: 128 Lyell Street Los Altos, CA 94022 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1990Volume 113, Issue 12Page: 995-995KeywordsBloodImmune system ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 December 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Suicide rates double among US soldiers between 2004 and 2009, research shows
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Suicide rates among US army soldiers rose between 2004 and 2009 among those who were and were not deployed to combat theaters, according to one of three new studies that looked at the rates of mental health disorders and suicide among US service men and women.

The articles are the first to report data from the largest mental health risk study ever conducted in US military personnel.

The study, the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service Members (Army STARRS), was commissioned in response to reports of rising suicide rates among US military personnel and is jointly funded by the Department of the Army and the National Institute of Mental Health. The studies were published online by the journal JAMA Psychiatry on 3 March.

In the first study, Michael Schoenbaum, from the National Institute of Mental Health, and colleagues looked at suicide …
Sex-related differences in the normal cardiac response to upright exercise.
Authors: M B Higginbotham, K G Morris, R E Coleman, F R Cobb
Journal: Circulation (1984)

In previous studies from this laboratory, we found that approximately 30% of women with chest pain and normal coronary arteries demonstrated either a decrease in or a failure to increase radionuclide ejection fraction during exercise. To examine the hypothesis that this apparent abnormality in left ventricular function represents a physiologic difference between men and women, we prospectively studied central and peripheral cardiovascular responses to exercise in 31 age-matched healthy volunteers (16 women and 15 men). A combination of quantitative radionuclide angiography and expired-gas analysis was used to measure ejection fraction and relative changes in end-diastolic counts, stroke counts, count output, and arteriovenous oxygen difference during symptom-limited upright bicycle exercise. Normal male and female volunteers demonstrated comparable baseline left ventricular function and similar aerobic capacity, as determined by weight-adjusted peak oxygen consumption (22.1 +/- 5.1 and 22.6 +/- 4.3 ml/kg/min, respectively). However, their cardiac responses to exercise were significantly different. Ejection fraction increased from 0.62 +/- 0.09 at rest to 0.77 +/- 0.07 during exercise in men (p less than .001), but was unchanged from 0.63 +/- 0.09 at rest to 0.64 +/- 0.10 during exercise in women. The ejection fraction increased by 5 points or more in 14 of 15 men, but in only seven of the 16 women. End-diastolic counts increased by 30% in women (p less than .001), but was unchanged in men. Because decreases in ejection fraction were matched by increases in end-diastolic counts, relative increases in stroke counts and count output were the same for men and women. These data demonstrate a basic difference between men and women with respect to the mechanism by which they achieve a normal response of stroke volume to exercise; these differences must be taken into account when measurements of cardiac function during exercise stress are used for diagnostic purposes.
Liver-Specific Transcriptional Modules Identified by Genome-Wide In Silico Analysis Enable Efficient Gene Therapy in Mice and Non-Human Primates
Authors: Marinee K Chuah, Inge Petrus, Pieter De Bleser, Caroline Le Guiner, Gwladys Gernoux, Oumeya Adjali, Nisha Nair, Jessica Willems, Hanneke Evens, Melvin Y Rincon, Janka Matrai, Mario Di Matteo, Ermira Samara-Kuko, Bing Yan, Abel Acosta-Sanchez, Amine Meliani, Ghislaine Cherel, Véronique Blouin, Olivier Christophe, Philippe Moullier, Federico Mingozzi, Thierry VandenDriessche
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

The robustness and safety of liver-directed gene therapy can be substantially improved by enhancing expression of the therapeutic transgene in the liver. To achieve this, we developed a new approach of rational in silico vector design. This approach relies on a genome-wide bio-informatics strategy to identify cis-acting regulatory modules (CRMs) containing evolutionary conserved clusters of transcription factor binding site motifs that determine high tissue-specific gene expression. Incorporation of these CRMs into adeno-associated viral (AAV) and non-viral vectors enhanced gene expression in mice liver 10 to 100-fold, depending on the promoter used. Furthermore, these CRMs resulted in robust and sustained liver-specific expression of coagulation factor IX (FIX), validating their immediate therapeutic and translational relevance. Subsequent translational studies indicated that therapeutic FIX expression levels could be attained reaching 20–35% of normal levels after AAV-based liver-directed gene therapy in cynomolgus macaques. This study underscores the potential of rational vector design using computational approaches to improve their robustness and therefore allows for the use of lower and thus safer vector doses for gene therapy, while maximizing therapeutic efficacy. The robustness and safety of liver-directed gene therapy can be substantially improved by enhancing expression of the therapeutic transgene in the liver. To achieve this, we developed a new approach of rational in silico vector design. This approach relies on a genome-wide bio-informatics strategy to identify cis-acting regulatory modules (CRMs) containing evolutionary conserved clusters of transcription factor binding site motifs that determine high tissue-specific gene expression. Incorporation of these CRMs into adeno-associated viral (AAV) and non-viral vectors enhanced gene expression in mice liver 10 to 100-fold, depending on the promoter used. Furthermore, these CRMs resulted in robust and sustained liver-specific expression of coagulation factor IX (FIX), validating their immediate therapeutic and translational relevance. Subsequent translational studies indicated that therapeutic FIX expression levels could be attained reaching 20–35% of normal levels after AAV-based liver-directed gene therapy in cynomolgus macaques. This study underscores the potential of rational vector design using computational approaches to improve their robustness and therefore allows for the use of lower and thus safer vector doses for gene therapy, while maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
Alternating Pleurisy with Effusion as a Manifestation of Tuberculosis
Authors: Kenneth T. Bird
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE syndrome of alternating pleurisy with effusion is characterized by the development of serofibrinous pleurisy, at first unilateral and later contralateral. The onset and course of each effusion associated with this syndrome differ in no way from that of the more frequent purely unilateral type of pleurisy. Occurring as it does in the absence of pulmonary infiltration or with only a suspicion of it, this condition presents a diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic challenge.This syndrome has received scant clinical attention, and only isolated case reports have appeared. Gray1 describes alternating pleurisy with effusion in an eighteen-year-old boy, with death resulting . . .
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Polymorphism, Prediagnostic Antioxidant Status, and Risk of Clinical Significant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Haojie Li, Philip W. Kantoff, Edward Giovannucci, Michael F. Leitzmann, J. Michael Gaziano, Meir J. Stampfer, Jing Ma
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Oxidative stress may enhance prostatic carcinogenesis. A polymorphism [valine (V) → alanine (A)] of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the primary antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria, has been recently associated with prostate cancer. We examined the relationship between prostate cancer and the MnSOD polymorphism and its interactions with baseline plasma antioxidant levels (selenium, lycopene, and α-tocopherol) and β-carotene treatment among 567 cases and 764 controls nested in the prospective Physicians' Health Study. We found little overall association between MnSOD polymorphism and prostate cancer risk; however, this polymorphism significantly modified risk of prostate cancer associated with prediagnostic plasma antioxidants (Pinteraction ≥ 0.05). Among men with the AA genotype, high selenium level (4th versus 1st quartile) was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2-0.7] for total prostate cancer; for clinically aggressive prostate cancer, the RR was 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1-0.5). In contrast, among men with the VV/VA genotype, the RRs were 0.6 (0.4-1.0) and 0.7 (0.4-1.2) for total and clinically aggressive prostate cancer. These patterns were similar for lycopene and α-tocopherol and were particularly strong when these antioxidants and selenium were combined; men with the AA genotype had a 10-fold gradient in risk for aggressive prostate cancer across quartiles of antioxidant status. Men with AA genotype who were randomly assigned to β-carotene treatment (versus placebo) had a RR of 0.6 (95% CI, 0.2-0.9; Pinteraction = 0.03) for fatal prostate cancer, but no significant association was observed in men with the VV/VA genotype. Both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants play an important and interdependent role in preventing clinically significant prostate cancer.
Health Insurance and the Financial Impact of IDDM in Families With a Child With IDDM
Authors: Thomas J Songer, Ronald E LaPorte, Judith R Lave, Janice S Dorman, Dorothy J Becker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To examine the health insurance experience and out-of-pocket health care costs of families with a child with IDDM.A case-control study of 197 families with a child with IDDM and 142 control families with no diabetic children was conducted. IDDM-affected families were identified from the Allegheny County IDDM Registry. Brothers and sisters of the parents in the IDDM-affected families were asked to participate as control subjects. Health insurance coverage and the money that families spent on health care services and supplies not reimbursed by insurance (out-of-pocket costs) were assessed by questionnaire.No difference was found between the IDDM-affected and control families in the percentages with or without insurance. Families with low household incomes ($10,000-$19,999) were at the greatest risk for having no insurance. While coverage provided by private plans was similar between the IDDM-affected and control families, many families had no reimbursement for insulin (10%), syringes (10%), or blood testing strips (30%). Out-of-pocket expenses were 56% higher in the IDDM-affected families than in the control families. Seventeen percent of the IDDM-affected families had expenses over 10% of their household income. This particularly affected families with low household incomes. Pre-existing illness clauses and insurance denial affected only a small proportion of the case families.These data illustrate that most families with a child with IDDM have health insurance, yet still incur larger out-of-pocket health care costs than do families without the presence of diabetes. IDDM-affected families likely face a number of economic decisions regarding health insurance and the use of health care.
773-1 Endovascular Radiation Prior to Stent Implantation Inhibits Neointimal Proliferation in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Ron Waksman, Keith A. Robinson, Ian R. Crocker, Michael B. Gravanis, Spencer J. Palmer, Gustavo D. Cipolla, Spencer B. King
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Rapid onset synovial inflammation and hyperplasia induced by transforming growth factor beta.
Authors: J B Allen, C L Manthey, A R Hand, K Ohura, L Ellingsworth, S M Wahl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

After intraarticular injection of TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2, marked swelling and erythema of the injected joints were apparent within 12-24 h. On a scale of 0 to 4, by day 3, the TGF-beta-treated joints had articular indices (AI) of 3.6 +/- 0.5 to 4.0 +/- 0.0 compared with no response for the vehicle-injected contralateral joints. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a predominantly mononuclear phagocyte infiltrate with some neutrophils and T lymphocytes, consistent with active inflammation. The monocytic pattern of leukocyte infiltration at 2-3 d was comparable to that seen in animals with antigen-induced arthritis after 2-3 wk. Extensive synovial fibroblast hyperplasia became apparent within 48 h, likely as a result of TGF-beta induction of growth factor synthesis by the accumulating monocytes. TGF-beta 2, a homologue of TGF-beta 1, was found to induce a similar level of synovitis and synovial hyperplasia consistent with its parallel monocyte and fibroblast chemotactic properties and ability to induce transcription and translation of monocyte/macrophage-derived growth factors. These data suggest that TGF-beta, released by platelets and activated inflammatory cells, may play a direct role in leukocyte recruitment and activation in arthritic and other chronic inflammatory lesions.
Medical Standards and Medical Ethics in Utilization Review for Nursing Homes
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Physicians are participating in the administration of medical and nursing-home care under Medicare and Medicaid. Much of the control over the Medicaid program is vested in the state governments Under a complex array of federal statutes and regulations.The question before the U.S. Supreme Court in an important appeal from the Second Circuit Court of Appeals was whether the federal Constitution's requirements of "due process of law" apply to medical determinations of the physical and mental status of nursing-home patients. The legal action was brought in New York by a group of patients protesting their transfer from skilled nursing facilities . . .
NHS trusts must have legal duty to be open about harms to patients, Francis tells MPs
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The cost to the NHS from litigation will get “bigger and bigger” unless the health service tells patients what went wrong and settles their claims as early as possible, Robert Francis QC has told the parliamentary health select committee.

The chairman of the public inquiry into Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust called on the government to implement his 290 recommendations, including a statutory duty of candour to patients. He was quizzed by MPs on 12 February as part of their inquiry into his report.

The annual NHS bill for compensation and legal costs breached £1bn for the first time in 2011-12, when it surged to £1.28bn (€1.5bn; $2bn). 

Francis said that he recognised concerns about what effect a duty of candour …
Social cognitive neuroscience: The perspective shift in progress
Authors: Jacqueline N. Wood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Krueger &amp; Funder (K&amp;F) describe social cognitive research as being flawed by its emphasis on performance errors and biases. They argue that a perspective shift is necessary to give balance to the field. However, such a shift may already be occurring with the emergence of social cognitive neuroscience leading to new theories and research that focus on normal social cognition.
Of Mugs and Marketing-Reply
Authors: Jared Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The suggestion of Drs Johnson and Kirkland to sandwich the text within the advertisements should satisfy just about everyone: the reader may avoid the advertisements if so desired, the editors may more effectively give the appearance of dissociation from commerce, and the advertiser may still maintain a foothold within the journal. And, of course, critics like me may discover endless metaphors in the resultant fast-food hamburger comodification of medical journalism. I think, though, that a taste of the meal would be appropriate. Note that a portion of<i>JAMA</i>'s table of contents is highlighted. By no coincidence, this same section of<i>JAMA</i>is already advertisement free, even if the advertisements have encroached to the very edges. This is the peer-reviewed section, kept pure because it fills a canonical function, certifying original thought and medical progress. As in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>, this material in<i>JAMA</i>is
A New Medical Society.
Authors: Hal Foster
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Kansas City, Mo., Jan. 16, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On April 7, 10a.m., at the Midland Hotel in Kansas City, Mo., a meeting will be held for the purpose of forming a society of laryngologists, rhinologists and otologists. All Western physicians engaged in the above specialties are cordially and earnestly invited to be present and aid in the work. Kindly give this a notice in yourJournal.
Ileo-caecal granulomata
Authors: F. D. Lee, A. D. Roy
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The present confusion concerning the classification and terminology of granulomatous lesions of the ileo-caecal area is pointed out.Fifteen cases are reviewed with regard to clinical presentation, operative findings, and post-operative development.The tissues removed from these patients are critically reviewed with regard to features which would classify them as tubercu- losis, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis.In two cases demonstration of acid-fast bacilli suggests the diagnosis of ileo-caecal tuberculosis; one case was due to appendicular inflammation but in the other cases the histological picture suggests Crohn's disease, and clinically their behaviour is that of Crohn's disease.It is concluded, therefore, that unless acid-fast bacilli are demonstrated, these granulomata should be regarded as examples of Crohn's disease and terms such as 'right-sided colitis', 'ileo-colitis', and 'cicatrizing entero-colitis' should be discarded.Resection of these lesions is advocated with conservation of as much bowel as possible.'cases of regional colitis' (Neuman, Bargen, and Judd, 1954), none of our patients was Jewish.By far the commonest symptom was abdominal colic which occurred in all patients and early in the course of the disease.Ten patients also had diar- rhoea of varying severity but only six had episodes of vomiting.In four patients there was some rectal bleeding.In none had steatorrhoea been demon- 517 on August 22, 2023 by guest.
Hyperfibrinogenemia
Authors: Murray Weiner
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE OCCURRENCE of abnormal globulins in a variety of diseases is well recognized and is often helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Recently, attention has been drawn to fibrinogen abnormalities in relation to several pathologic states. This report presents an instance of marked, persisting hyperfibrinogenemia and reversible "cryocoagulation" of heparinized blood in a patient with undiagnosed disease for a period of years and without any clinical or pathologic evidence of thrombotic or hemorrhagic phenomena. At postmortem examination an unsuspected clear cell adenocarcinoma of the left kidney was found. Report of a Case A 58-year-old white woman was admitted to Goldwater Memorial Hospital for the first time on Nov. 1, 1960, with complaints of weakness and weight loss of about 3½ years' duration. During this period, she was hospitalized elsewhere on 3 occasions but no definite diagnosis was established. Treatment included prolonged steroid therapy, tolbutamide to control complicating hyperglycemia, streptomycin, isoniazid (Inh),
ln-111 Labeled Leukocyte Uptake in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: KATHLEEN M. STAUDINGER, ELIZABETH OATES, STEPHEN P. NABER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

ln-111 labeled leukocytes may accumulate in a variety of neoplasms, including metastatic melanoma, as presented here. Histopathology confirmed the presence of leukocytes responding to tumor necrosis, not infection.
1115-68 Predictors of vascular complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with vascular closure devices
Authors: Raj Goswami, John G McGinnity, Arthur L Riba, Cecelia K Montoye, Dean E Smith, Julius Gardin, Michael J O'Donnell, Anthony C DeFranco, David Share, Mauro Moscucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)