tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANHYDREMIA IN EXTENSIVE SUPERFICIAL BURNS
Authors: FRANK P. UNDERHILL
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The adequate management of a serious burn demands the skill and knowledge of both the physician and the surgeon. By reason of the emergent character of most burn cases and because of lack of knowledge relative to the newer conceptions of the nature of the processes underlying a burn, treatment is usually regarded as exceedingly difficult and unsatisfactory. With the advance of industry, burns are becoming of greater frequency and consequently of greater importance to the practitioner. Their increased occurrence lays an obligation on the medical profession to become conversant with the fundamental conditions induced by a burn and to become familiar with the most efficient methods of treatment. It is not sufficient to treat the wounded area only. Much more important is the recognition of systemic effects and the immediate institution of proper treatment to combat these effects. "What does it profit a man if he dresses the wound
Fetal Risks from Rubella during Pregnancy
Authors: Theodore H. Ingalls, Natesaier Purshottam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

ABOUT a year ago1 readers of this column who practice obstetrics were requested to write to the editors giving certain basic data pertaining to rubella contracted during pregnancy. Subsequently, reports were made of the condition of the baby. The task was undertaken to determine the risks of death or deformity for the developing fetus. A number of physicians have responded by sending the desired information concerning 19 cases. Similar studies2 3 4 5 6 have previously been published although each series involves such a small number of cases that the only possibility of determining over-all risks is by pooling of data.The desiderata for . . .
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A SEROHEMORRHAGIC OR HEMORRHAGIC DISCHARGE FROM THE NIPPLE
Authors: EDWIN M. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

A discharge from the nipple of a nonlactating breast is often the first indication to the patient of a lesion of the breast. It is frequently the cause of consultation with the physician. Palpation of the breast may reveal a tumor which may or may not be the source of the discharge or may not reveal any changes at all. In the former instance, the correct interpretation of the significance of the discharge may be a deciding factor in the differential diagnosis, while in the latter it may be an aid in reaching an opinion as to the character of the lesion. A review of the literature indicates that the significance of a serohemorrhagic or hemorrhagic discharge from the nipple has been a matter of dispute among clinicians for some time. A thin serous or bloodstained discharge is regarded by many as indicative of an intracanalicular papilloma; a frank bloody
Recognition and management of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta
Authors: A. E. Thompson, F. H. N. Spracklen, E. M. M. Besterman, L. L. Bromley
Journal: BMJ (1969)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Human pluripotent stem cells hold significant promise for regenerative medicine. However, long differentiation protocols and immature characteristics of stem cell-derived cell types remain challenges to the development of many therapeutic applications. In contrast to the slow differentiation of human stem cells <i>in vitro</i> that mirrors a nine-month gestation period, mouse stem cells develop according to a much faster three-week gestation timeline. Here, we tested if co-differentiation with mouse pluripotent stem cells could accelerate the differentiation speed of human embryonic stem cells. Following a six-week RNA-sequencing time course of neural differentiation, we identified 929 human genes that were upregulated earlier and 535 genes that exhibited earlier peaked expression profiles in chimeric cell cultures than in human cell cultures alone. Genes with accelerated upregulation were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology terms associated with neurogenesis, neuron differentiation and maturation, and synapse signaling. Moreover, chimeric mixed samples correlated with <i>in utero</i> human embryonic samples earlier than human cells alone, and acceleration was dose-dependent on human-mouse co-culture ratios. Differences in the timing and expression levels of genes corresponding to neuron cell types and brain region identity under chimeric conditions were also observed. The altered developmental rates and lineage outcomes described in this report have implications for accelerating human stem cell differentiation and the use of interspecies chimeric embryos in developing human organs for transplantation. <h3>Author Summary</h3> Human pluripotent stem cells often require long <i>in vitro</i> protocols to form mature cell types of clinical relevance for potential regenerative therapies, a ramification of a nine-month developmental clock <i>in utero</i> that also runs <i>ex utero</i>. What controls species-specific developmental time and whether the timer is amenable to acceleration is unknown. Further, interspecies chimeric embryos are increasingly being created to study early human development or explore the potential growth of human organs for transplantation. How the conflicting developmental speeds of cells from different species co-differentiating together affect each other is not understood. Here, using genome-wide transcriptional analysis of RNA-sequencing time courses, we show that 1) co-differentiating human embryonic stem cells intermixed with mouse stem cells accelerated elements of human developmental programs, 2) the acceleration was dose-dependent on the proportion of mouse cells, and 3) human cells in chimeric samples correlated to <i>in utero</i> samples earlier than human only samples. Our results provide evidence that some components of species-specific developmental clocks may be susceptible to acceleration.
EARLY DETECTION OF PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Jacob Clahr
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Proteinuria, edema, and an increase in the diastolic pressure, which occurs in the latter months of pregnancy, are well-established indications of preeclampsia. Of these findings, consistent proteinuria is considered most important because it is usually detectable before other signs of preeclampsia appear and because the quantity of protein excreted generally parallels the severity of the condition. Success in the management of the preeclamptic patient is markedly enhanced by its earliest possible diagnosis. Consequently, it is clinically essential to test for proteinuria frequently. It is our routine practice to see all uncomplicated obstetrical patients in the office or the clinic at monthly intervals during the first two trimesters, every three weeks during the seventh month, every two weeks during the eighth month, and weekly during the final month. Testing for proteinuria during these visits is done routinely. However, patients do develop toxemia, sometimes to a marked degree, between visits. For about
Sprouty2, PTEN, and PP2A interact to regulate prostate cancer progression
Authors: Rachana Patel, Meiling Gao, Imran Ahmad, Janis Fleming, Lukram B. Singh, Taranjit Singh Rai, Arthur B. McKie, Morag Seywright, Robert J. Barnetson, Joanne Edwards, Owen J. Sansom, Hing Y. Leung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Concurrent activation of RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways is implicated in prostate cancer progression. The negative regulators of these pathways, including sprouty2 (SPRY2), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), are commonly inactivated in prostate cancer. The molecular basis of cooperation between these genetic alterations is unknown. Here, we show that SPRY2 deficiency alone triggers activation of AKT and ERK, but this is insufficient to drive tumorigenesis. In addition to AKT and ERK activation, SPRY2 loss also activates a PP2A-dependent tumor suppressor checkpoint. Mechanistically, the PP2A-mediated growth arrest depends on GSK3β and is ultimately mediated by nuclear PTEN. In murine prostate cancer models, Pten haploinsufficiency synergized with Spry2 deficiency to drive tumorigenesis, including metastasis. Together, these results show that loss of Pten cooperates with Spry2 deficiency by bypassing a novel tumor suppressor checkpoint. Furthermore, loss of SPRY2 expression correlates strongly with loss of PTEN and/or PP2A subunits in human prostate cancer. This underlines the cooperation between SPRY2 deficiency and PTEN or PP2A inactivation in promoting tumorigenesis. Overall, we propose SPRY2, PTEN, and PP2A status as an important determinant of prostate cancer progression. Characterization of this trio may facilitate patient stratification for targeted therapies and chemopreventive interventions.
THE PREVENTIVE ASPECT OF OBSTETRICS
Authors: G. I. Strachan
Journal: BMJ (1930)

FIB-I5 I930] PXEVENT1VE AhSPECr OF OBSTERICS.TCL RT 13 Gyinaecology.In co-operationi with the Booards for the training of midw-iv-es, it will prove of v-'iie to the puiblic health authorities in the futurve.I lhave touched on n-aiiy points of a controversial niatuire, buit I only spe.Lk from the small area of miv ow-ni exper iiene.
Concepts in Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: J. J. Longacre
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This book, based on one master surgeon's personal experience, is not meant to be a complete text. It contains chapters that are not covered in depth in many other works on head and neck surgery, eg, psychological evaluation and preparation of the patient to accept his condition following eradication of the tumors, scalp tumors, neurogenous tumors, juvenile nasopharyngeal angio-fibroma, mesenchymal tumors, minor salivary tumors, head and neck tumors in children, and laryngotracheal rehabilitation. The general construction of the book is excellent. The print, illustrations, and drawings are clear. A fine task has been accomplished by the publishers. However, the various flaps illustrated in an oversimplified fashion may cause the novice to have disastrous results. The volume points up the fact that any surgeon who undertakes to eradicate a malignancy about the head and neck takes upon himself a grave responsibility. He must not only have the acumen and judgement to
The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Authors: Weldon J. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Most hypertensive patients treated vigorously with diuretics manifest variable lowering of serum potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) levels and, often, nonspecific ECG abnormalities. Low serum K<sup>+</sup>levels increase myocardial irritability and the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Prevention of hypokalemia causes less risk than detection and later correction. Many cardiologists routinely administer supplemental K<sup>+</sup>or K<sup>+</sup>-sparing agents concurrent with diuretics in patients with normal renal function. Evidence also suggests that a high K<sup>+</sup>intake increases the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy. The high mortality in hypertensive men receiving diuretic therapy with resting ECG abnormalities in the MRFIT was most probably related to low serum K<sup>+</sup>levels. If contrary information is available, it should be promptly reported. It seems unlikely that unfavorable results were caused by "drug toxicity."
The Youth Olympic Games and a new awakening for sports and exercise medicine
Authors: Kathrin Steffen, Lars Engebretsen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

‘When can I return to sport?’ and ‘How can I get active, fi t and healthy faster?’ Questions like these from the top athlete or from a passionate recreational individual require the clinician to go beyond the diagnosis and to a functional capacity assessment in order to fully understand how the diagnosis has an effect on the patient’s well being. Is our reductionist thinking preventing us from using sports and exercise medicine in preventing and managing diseases? Is a ‘sports and exercise medicine specialty’ part of the answer to these concerns? Please read Gordon Matheson and coworker’s viewpoint on
Preventing injuries from bar glasses
Authors: J Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Home Office has estimated that each year in Britain between 3400 and 5400 offences occur in which glass is used as a weapon. Two surveys of victims of assault who attended accident and emergency departments in Bristol and south London found that the most commonly used sharp weapons were bar glasses.1,2 Another study found that three quarters of such injuries had arisen through assaults with straight sided bar glasses of one pint (0.57 1) capacity (“noniks” - or no nicks).3

Contrary to expectation, three quarters of the glasses were intact until they were thrown or thrust at someone and then broke on impact. Almost all injuries were to the face, and doctors working in accident and emergency departments predicted that deformity at six months would be “noticeable” or “very noticeable” in three quarters of the victims. The British Association of Hand Surgeons identified more than 200 accidental hand injuries due to bar glasses in three months in 1987.4 These surveys highlight the morbidity produced by bar glass - mostly in young people, …
Mother cannot stop doctor's involvement in her daughter's treatment, judge rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The mother of a 7 year old girl with cerebral palsy has failed to persuade a High Court judge that a surgeon at Great Ormond Street children’s hospital in London should no longer be involved in her treatment.

The girl, named only as TM, who normally lives at home with her mother, is unable to swallow and was being fed through a nasogastric tube, but she was not receiving enough nutrition by this means. Her parents, who are separated, agreed with the paediatric surgeon looking after her that she should have a gastrostomy.

The mother also consented to a peripherally inserted central catheter, but when the site of its insertion became infected and …
THE EFFECT OF A SUPRARENAL EXTRACT FOR MALIGNANT GROWTH
Authors: Walter B. Coffey
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —In a report made to the San Francisco County Pathological Society, January 6, we pointed out that our experimental work on endocrine extracts began in 1925, attempting to find a vasodilator and a stabilizer of tissue growth. After many failures, an extract of suprarenal cortex from sheep was made which reduced blood pressure when injected subcutaneously. Further development of the work demonstrated that this extract was a stabilizer of growth. A few patients with high blood pressure together with a malignant condition had under treatment a lowering of blood pressure from 240 to 150, together with a sloughing of the malignant tissue and subsequently disappearance of the growth. Later, we injected the extract only in patients in whom the malignant growth was inoperable, with the possibility of obtaining autopsies. One patient, who had an embryonal carcinoma of the testes which could not be completely removed, was given
Casting a Wider Net: The Quest for Better Guidance on Seafood Consumption
Authors: Kellyn S. Betts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Casting a Wider NetThe Quest for Better Guidance on Seafood Consumption Fish is the primary dietary source of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are necessary for healthy prenatal development and linked to reducing cardiovascular disease risk.The type and quantity of seafood that individuals choose to eat can impact both their health and the long-term sustainability of the world's fisheries.An interdisciplinary team of researchers wants consumers to have clearer and more complete guidance in making informed choices about the seafood they eat.Their review presents a framework for producing guidance based not only on nutritional and contaminant information but also ecologic and economic tradeoffs associated with fish consumption choices [EHP 120(6):790-798; Oken et al.].The review highlights areas of overlap and disagreement in current U.S. guidance regarding what constitutes better choices.The myriad fish consumption advice provided by 21 governmental and nongovernmental entities can leave consumers uncertain how to weigh and reconcile multiple benefits and risks associated with any given fish.For instance, the amount of omega-3 fatty acids provided by different fish varies widely, depending on genetics and diet.And where a fish comes from and what it eats can affect its pollutant load-both wild and farmed fish may be high in toxicants such as methylmercury [also see EHP 120(6):799-806; Karagas et al.].The authors posit that fish consumption advice should reflect the reality that both fish farming and the harvesting of wild fish can profoundly affect the health of the oceans.The annual global fish catch exceeds the maximum sustainable yield by three to four times, and some forms of fishing can devastate ocean ecosystems.Aquaculture, the world's fastest-growing food-production industry, may help ensure adequate fish supplies, but it too has adverse ecological impacts.The authors recommend that countries develop national lists of fish that can be eaten freely or moderately and fish that should be avoided.These lists should consider all the perspectives analyzed, although the authors acknowledge the challenges of doing so.Ideally, basic national messages would consist of simple lists supplemented by links to more detailed resources for those who desire them, which could be adjusted on a regional basis as necessary.The authors also reaffirm the importance of remediation or elimination of sources of fish contamination as well as policies that promote environmentally responsible and economically viable fishing practices.Kellyn S. Betts has written about environmental contaminants, hazards, and technology for solving environmental problems for publications including EHP and Environmental Science & Technology for more than a dozen years.More inclusive fish consumption guides might provide information on ecologic and economic impacts as well as nutritional and contaminant information.
Primary Hodgkin's disease of the lung: case report.
Authors: S Nelson, D Prince, P Terry
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Pulmonary disease in Hodgkin's disease is common, occur- ring in 15-40% of patients.'Most often it is seen in the setting of advanced stage IIIB or IV disease.23 Parenchymal disease without hilar or mediastinal node enlarge- ment is thought to be an uncommon presentation, but with stage III and IV disease lung manifestations without adenopathy have been noted with surprising frequency.McDonald reviewed 122 patients with advanced disease including lung lesions and found 31 to have parenchymal disease without adenopathy.2Nevertheless, he noted no case of purely parenchymal disease.Isolated Hodgkin's disease affecting the lung without hilar adenopathy or disseminated disease is rare45 and is referred to as primary pulmonary Hodgkin's disease.As there is a considerable amount of lymphoid tissue in the peribronchial areas, a primary origin in the lung can be explained.We wish to describe the second documented case of primary pulmonary Hodgkin's disease. Case reportA 34-year-old white man with a one-year history of weight loss and malaise and recent appearance of blood-tinged sputum was admitted for evaluation.A chest radiograph at that time showed a mass in the left upper lobe (fig 1).The patient had an eight-month history of a non-productive cough, but denied dyspnoea, chest pain, fever, and night sweats.He had had no known exposure to harmful indus-
TCT-104 Impact of Aortic Root Calcification Volume on Clinical Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Yusuke Watanabe, Bertrand Cormier, Kentaro Hayashida, Thierry Lefevre, Erik Bouvier, Bernard Chevalier, Mauro Romano, Thomas Hovasse, Philippe Garot, Patrick Donzeau-Gouge, Arnaud Farge, Marie-Claude Morice
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Quality Assurance and Colonoscopy
Authors: None Minoli, None Meucci, None Prada, None Terruzzi, None Bortoli, None Gullotta, None Rocca, None Lesinigo, None Curzio
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: Little is known concerning the usefulness and feasibility of quality assurance programs in gastrointestinal departments. The aim of this study was to identify the indicators of quality in colonoscopy, to check their use in clinical practice, and to identify their threshold values.
Faecal P.V.P. Excretion in Hypoalbuminaemia and Gastro-intestinal Disease
Authors: A. M. Dawson, R. Williams, H. S. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1961)

MEDICAL JOURNAL~~~~~~~~~~Ĩ n 67 instances the results of the tubeless test were compared with the findings after augmented histamine stimulation.Only two false-positive results were detected, and these were explained by errors in tech- nique.Fewer false-negative results occurred with betazole hydrochloride than when caffeine benzoate was used as the stimulant.The tubeless method of gastric analysis, using the dye azure A and betazole hydrochloride, appears to be a reliable method for the screening of patients for achlorhydria.We thank Mr. E. A. G.
The paradox of Hemophilus infuenzae type B bacteremia in the presence of serum bactericidal activity.
Authors: S Shaw, A L Smith, P Anderson, D H Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

We investigated the role of serum bactericidal activity in Hemophiplus influenzae type b infections in infants with meningitis and in a rat model. In infected infants, 13/22 admission sera had bactericidal activity against the infecting strain, and bacteremia was as frequent in those with bactericidal activity (54%) as those without (56%). The coexistence of bactericidal activity and bacteremia was reproduced and studied in experimentally infected weanling rats. Serum from such rats kills in vitro 95% of conventionally broth-grown bacteria within 10 min, but does not kill organisms obtained from the infected animals. Thus bactericidal activity as conventionally determined for H. influenzae b may have no relevance in vivo, Incubation of broth-grown bacteria in normal rat serum for 30 min at 37 degrees C produces a resistance like that of in vivo organisms. This phenotypic conversion depends on factors that are of molecular weight less than 1,000, stable to 100 degrees C, but destroyed by ashing. When injected intravenously into nonimmune animals, broth-grown bacteria are quickly cleared, while serum-preincubated bacteria are not. The latter, however, are cleared when injected into bacteremic rats (half-life 30 min). Bacteremia in the rats may persist despite this capacity for clearance because bacteria are entering the blood from extravascular fluids, which contain greater than 90% of the total bacterial burden.
Recurrent Anaphylaxis Caused by a Misidentified Drug
Authors: THOMAS M. GOLBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Penicillin erroneously dispensed as ascorbic acid caused recurrent anaphylaxis in a patient with a history of penicillin allergy. Diagnosis was delayed by the failure of the patient to admit use of the medication despite persistent questioning about drug ingestion by several examiners. The possibilities and implications of drug misidentification are discussed. In allergic reactions of inapparent cause, all medications, however innocuous their presumed identity might seem, should be evaluated.