tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EMERGING ISSUES IN MICROBIOLOGICAL FOOD SAFETY
Authors: J. Meng, M. P. Doyle
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1997)

Many microorganisms previously unrecognized as food-borne or harmful are emerging as human pathogens transmitted by food. This is a result of recent acquisition of key virulence factors, detection by newly developed isolation procedures, or astute detective-like laboratory skills of microbiologists. Six microbial pathogens, including Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Arcobacter butzleri, Helicobacter pylori, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Cyclospora, have become recognized as significant causes of human illness. Although the ecology and epidemiology of illness caused by some of these pathogens have not been fully elucidated, food has the potential of being an important vehicle in their dissemination. Existing technologies and new approaches such as irradiation and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) programs are useful tools in the control of food-borne hazards. However, because of ever-changing products, processes, food-handling practices, societal habits, and pathogens, emerging food-borne diseases will continue to be an important public health concern.
Cardiovascular Death and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Claudia Langenberg, Jaclyn Bergstrom, Christa Scheidt-Nave, Johannes Pfeilschifter, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE— Levels of adiposity-signaling hormones and inflammatory markers are less favorable in individuals with the metabolic syndrome; their role in the association between the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular mortality remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We conducted a prospective study of 977 men and 1,141 women aged 40–94 years in 1984–1987, followed for mortality for a maximum of 20 years. Adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Adult Treatment Panel III–defined metabolic syndrome components were measured in fasting blood samples obtained in 1984–1987. Cox-proportional hazards models were used in survival analyses. RESULTS— The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome was 1.65 (1.25–2.18) (P &amp;lt; 0.001); this association did not differ significantly by sex, age, or diabetic status (P &amp;gt; 0.2 for each interaction). The association between the metabolic syndrome and CHD mortality was not materially changed after adjustment for adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin; it was attenuated by 25% after adjustment for IL-6 and 35% after adjustment for CRP. CHD mortality increased linearly with greater levels of IL-6 and CRP (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.001 for each); the age- and sex-adjusted HRs comparing highest versus lowest quarter were 3.0 (1.87–4.89) for IL-6 and 2.1 (1.41–3.21) for CRP. IL-6, but not CRP, remained a significant predictor of CHD mortality in models including both inflammatory markers and the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS— Adiposity-signaling hormones and inflammatory markers explain little to some of the association between the metabolic syndrome and CHD mortality. IL-6 levels predict CHD mortality independently of CRP.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hakan Oral, Bradley P. Knight, Hiroshi Tada, Mehmet Özaydın, Aman Chugh, Sohail Hassan, Christoph Scharf, Steve W.K. Lai, Radmira Greenstein, Frank Pelosi, S. Adam Strickberger, Fred Morady
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The pulmonary veins (PVs) have been demonstrated to often play an important role in generating atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of segmental PV isolation in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF. Methods and Results — In 70 consecutive patients (mean age, 53±11 years) with paroxysmal (58) or persistent (12) AF, segmental PV isolation guided by ostial PV potentials was performed. The left superior, left inferior, and right superior PVs were targeted for isolation in all patients, and the right inferior PV was isolated in 20 patients. Among the 230 targeted PVs, 217 (94%) were completely isolated, with a mean of 6.5±4.2 minutes of radiofrequency energy applied at a maximum power setting of 35 W. A second PV isolation procedure was performed in 6 patients (9%). At 5 months of follow-up, 70% of patients with paroxysmal and 22% of patients with persistent AF were free from recurrent AF ( P &lt;0.001), and 83% of patients with paroxysmal AF were either free of symptomatic AF or had significant improvement. Among various clinical characteristics, only paroxysmal AF was an independent predictor of freedom from recurrence of AF ( P &lt;0.05). One patient developed unilateral quadrantopsia after the procedure. There were no other complications. Conclusions — With a segmental isolation approach that targets at least 3 PVs, a clinically satisfactory result can be achieved in &gt;80% of patients with paroxysmal AF. The clinical efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation is much lower when AF is persistent than when it is paroxysmal.
CD27 Expression Promotes Long-Term Survival of Functional Effector–Memory CD8+Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in HIV-infected Patients
Authors: Adrian F. Ochsenbein, Stanley R. Riddell, Michele Brown, Lawrence Corey, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Peter M. Lansdorp, Philip D. Greenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8+ T cells persist in high frequencies in HIV-infected patients despite impaired CD4+ T helper response to the virus, but, unlike other differentiated effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes, most continue to express the tumor necrosis factor receptor family member CD27. Because the ligand for CD27 (CD70) is also overexpressed in HIV-infected hosts, we examined the nature of expression and potential functional consequences of CD27 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Analysis of CD27+ and CD27− T cells derived from the same HIV-specific clone revealed that retention of CD27 did not interfere with acquisition of effector functions, and that after T cell receptor stimulation, CD27+ cells that concurrently were triggered via CD27 exhibited more resistance to apoptosis, interleukin 2 production, and proliferation than CD27− T cells. After transfer back into an HIV-infected patient, autologous HIV-specific CD27− T cells rapidly disappeared, but CD27+ T cells derived from the same clone persisted at high frequency. Our findings suggest that the CD27–CD70 interaction in HIV infection may provide CD27+ CD8+ T cells with a survival advantage and compensate for limiting or absent CD4+ T help to maintain the CD8 response.
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with bapineuzumab: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Reisa Sperling, Stephen Salloway, David J Brooks, Donatella Tampieri, Jerome Barakos, Nick C Fox, Murray Raskind, Marwan Sabbagh, Lawrence S Honig, Anton P Porsteinsson, Ivan Lieberburg, H Michael Arrighi, Kristen A Morris, Yuan Lu, Enchi Liu, Keith M Gregg, H Robert Brashear, Gene G Kinney, Ronald Black, Michael Grundman
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2012)
Alteration of the Intestinal Environment by Lubiprostone Is Associated with Amelioration of Adenine-Induced CKD
Authors: Eikan Mishima, Shinji Fukuda, Hisato Shima, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Yasutoshi Akiyama, Yoichi Takeuchi, Noriko N. Fukuda, Takehiro Suzuki, Chitose Suzuki, Akinori Yuri, Koichi Kikuchi, Yoshihisa Tomioka, Sadayoshi Ito, Tomoyoshi Soga, Takaaki Abe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

The accumulation of uremic toxins is involved in the progression of CKD. Various uremic toxins are derived from gut microbiota, and an imbalance of gut microbiota or dysbiosis is related to renal failure. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the relationship between the gut microbiota and renal failure are still obscure. Using an adenine-induced renal failure mouse model, we evaluated the effects of the ClC-2 chloride channel activator lubiprostone (commonly used for the treatment of constipation) on CKD. Oral administration of lubiprostone (500 µ g/kg per day) changed the fecal and intestinal properties in mice with renal failure. Additionally, lubiprostone treatment reduced the elevated BUN and protected against tubulointerstitial damage, renal fibrosis, and inflammation. Gut microbiome analysis of 16S rRNA genes in the renal failure mice showed that lubiprostone treatment altered their microbial composition, especially the recovery of the levels of the Lactobacillaceae family and Prevotella genus, which were significantly reduced in the renal failure mice. Furthermore, capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis showed that lubiprostone treatment decreased the plasma level of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate and hippurate, which are derived from gut microbiota, and a more recently discovered uremic toxin, trans -aconitate. These results suggest that lubiprostone ameliorates the progression of CKD and the accumulation of uremic toxins by improving the gut microbiota and intestinal environment.
Presurgical Progesterone in Early Breast Cancer: So Much for So Little?
Authors: Mitch Dowsett, Ian E. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

(p 1072) Modern neoadjuvant endocrine therapy trials have confirmed clinical responses sufficient to downstage the tumor and avoid mastectomy in approximately 50% of postmenopausal women who are treated with aromatase inhibitors for large estrogen receptor (ER) –positive tumors. 2,3 Yet the concept that preoperative endocrine therapy might improve long-term outcome has until now not been tested clinically. This contrasts strikingly with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, for which several randomized trials have been carried out, and is a curious omission given that such therapy, if successful, would be simple to deliver and almost devoid of additional cost or resource implications. There are several plausible underlying rationales on which to base the concept that preoperative hormonal therapy affects long-term disease outcome. For example, it was shown in six different tumor types in a mouse model system that surgical excision of the primary tumor was associated with an increase in labeling index of metastases 24 hours later and an increase in their size. This effect was found to be associated with a transmissible humoral factor that caused identical kinetic changes when injected intravenously into recipients bearing similar tumors to the donor, and all of these effects could be blocked by tamoxifen (or chemotherapy) that was given before surgery. 4,5 Thus, tumor excision had a systemic stimulatory effect on distant disease that was negated by a preoperative endocrine agent in a manner that was independent of downstaging. More recently, it was shown in human breast cancers that preoperative aromatase inhibitor therapy administered for only 2 weeks reduced tumor cell proliferation by a mean approximately 75%, 6 and that this was accompanied by a profound reduction in the expression of multiple estrogen-dependent genes. 7 These effects could well be advantageous against tumor cells that may have been disturbed and released into the circulation during surgery. Trials that have compared preoperative with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy have generally shown no significant differ
Lamin B1 Is a Novel Therapeutic Target of Betulinic Acid in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lei Li, Yiqi Du, Xiangyu Kong, Zhaoshen Li, Zhiliang Jia, Jiujie Cui, Jun Gao, Guokun Wang, Keping Xie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Betulinic acid, a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits potent antitumor activities, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we sought to determine the role and regulation of lamin B1 expression in human pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and betulinic acid-based therapy.We used cDNA microarray to identify betulinic acid target genes and used tissue microarray to determine the expression levels of lamin B1 in pancreatic cancer tissues and to define their relationship with the clinicopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cancer. We also used in vitro and in vivo models to determine the biologic impacts of altered lamin B1 expression on and mechanisms underlying lamin B1 overexpression in human pancreatic cancer.We found that lamin B1 was significantly downregulated by betulinic acid treatment in pancreatic cancer in both in vitro culture and xenograft models. Overexpression of lamin B1 was pronounced in human pancreatic cancer, and increased lamin B1 expression was directly associated with low-grade differentiation, increased incidence of distant metastasis, and poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, knockdown of lamin B1 significantly attenuated the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells.Lamin B1 plays an important role in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and is a novel therapeutic target of betulinic acid treatment.
T-cell regulation in chronic paranasal sinus disease
Authors: Nicholas Van Bruaene, Claudina Angela Pérez-Novo, Tomasz M. Basinski, Thibaut Van Zele, Gabriele Holtappels, Natalie De Ruyck, Carsten Schmidt-Weber, Cezmi Akdis, Paul Van Cauwenberge, Claus Bachert, Philippe Gevaert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEBUM
Authors: E. W. POWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY. A method is reported for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of less than milligram quantities of sebum into its lipid components using thin‐layer absorption chromatography. The procedure has been developed to study relatively large numbers of samples, such as are collected from subjects taking part in a clinical therapeutic trial.
Food Safety for the 21st Century
Authors: Lynn Silver
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rb Regulates DNA Damage Response and Cellular Senescence through E2F-Dependent Suppression of N-Ras Isoprenylation
Authors: Awad Shamma, Yujiro Takegami, Takao Miki, Shunsuke Kitajima, Makoto Noda, Takao Obara, Takahiro Okamoto, Chiaki Takahashi
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Multiple strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sarah Mn Brown
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

As patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) survive longer, certain pathogens are becoming more prevalent and important than previously recognized. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have emerged over the last 20 years as important pathogens detected in the sputum of patients with CF.1 However, it is not always straightforward recognizing whether the presence of NTM is contributing to the underlying disease process in patients with CF, and the commencement of treatment, which is prolonged and carries the risk of a number of side-effects, should not be underestimated. The following case report highlights some of the challenges faced with the isolation of multiple strains of NTM in a patient with CF, and tries to address some of these difficulties.
Mitochondrial Preference for Short Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation During Coronary Artery Constriction
Authors: E. Douglas Lewandowski, Raymond K. Kudej, Lawrence T. White, J. Michael O’Donnell, Stephen F. Vatner
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Reduced fatty acid oxidation in hypoperfused myocardium is believed to result from impaired oxidation in mitochondria. This study suggests another mechanism, that oxidative capacity exceeds regulated entry of long chain fatty acid (LCFA). The ability of myocardium to oxidize fatty acids and metabolize glucose during stenosis was examined in open chest, anesthetized pigs. Methods and Results — The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was infused for 40 minutes (5 mL/min LAD) with [2– 13 C] butyrate (4 mmol/L), a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), plus [2– 13 C] glucose (10 mmol/L) in either nonischemic controls (n=4) or at the end of 5 hours of LAD flow reduction (40%, n=7). With LAD constriction, left ventricular wall thickening fell 45±8% ( P &lt;0.01). Despite glycolytic production of lactate and alanine, hypoperfused myocardium preferentially oxidized SCFA over endogenous LCFA. SCFA accounted for 63±4% (mean±SEM) of carbon units entering oxidation in both ischemic epicardium and endocardium versus only 38±4% and 40±6% in respective samples from normal myocardium ( P &lt;0.002). Unexpectedly, SCFA contributions were elevated in both endocardium and epicardium despite preserved epicardial blood flow versus a 58±9% drop in endocardial flow ( P &lt;0.05). No significant oxidation of glucose was evident, indicating that unlabeled fuels were primarily LCFA. Conclusions — Because SCFA bypass LCFA transport into mitochondria, during LAD constriction, mitochondrial capacity to oxidize fatty acid exceeds LCFA entry for oxidation. Importantly, metabolic changes were disassociated from transmural tissue perfusion. These findings suggest that signals other than oxygen availability regulate fatty acid use during hypoperfusion.
A Translational Paradigm for the Preclinical Evaluation of the Stroke Neuroprotectant Tat-NR2B9c in Gyrencephalic Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Douglas J. Cook, Lucy Teves, Michael Tymianski
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Nonhuman primates treated with a neuroprotectant after stroke showed outcomes that correctly anticipated those of a corresponding human trial.
Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and relative hypoparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure.
Authors: E Fernández, J Fibla, A Betriu, J M Piulats, J Almirall, J Montoliu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

To study the influence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism on parathyroid cell function in chronic renal failure, 85 patients who had serum PTH levels <12 pmol/L (the low intact PTH [iPTH] group) and 46 patients who had serum iPTH levels >60 pmol/L (the high iPTH group) were selected out of a total dialysis population of 170 individuals. As a result of subsequent exclusions based on several criteria in both groups (diabetic patients, serum aluminum levels, serum calcium levels, and time on dialysis), the final low iPTH group consisted of 34 patients and the final high iPTH included 32 patients. A healthy control population (n = 120) and 162 of the 170-patient dialysis population served as control groups. VDR gene polymorphism was determined by digestion with the BsmI enzyme and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR amplified fragments. Serum iPTH levels were lower in patients with the BB genotype than in those with the Bb or bb genotype, both in the total dialysis population and when the various exclusion criteria were applied. No differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies were found between the healthy control population and the high iPTH group. However, the genotypic distribution was significantly different in the low iPTH group of patients before and after applying all exclusion criteria (P = 0.037 and P = 0.018, respectively). In the final selected population, the bb genotype was less frequent in the low iPTH group than in the total dialysis population (14.7% versus 36.4%; odds ratio, 0.3; confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.82; P = 0.01). Conversely, the BB genotype was over-represented in the low iPTH group (23.3% versus 19.7%; odds ratio, 1.9; confidence interval, 0.85 to 4.3; P = 0.1). In addition, the bb genotype and the b allele frequencies were lower in the low iPTH group than in the high iPTH group (14.7% versus 34.4%, P = 0.06, and 41.2% versus 60.9%, P = 0.02, respectively), and the BB genotype and the B allele were significantly more frequent in the low PTH group than in the high iPTH group (32.3% versus 12.5%, P = 0.05, and 58.8% versus 39.1%, P = 0.02, respectively). Thus, VDR gene polymorphism influences parathyroid function in chronic renal failure.
Randomized, Clinical Trial Comparison of Trisodium Citrate 30% and Heparin as Catheter-Locking Solution in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Marcel C. Weijmer, Marinus A. van den Dorpel, Peter J.G. Van de Ven, Pieter M. ter Wee, Jos A.C.A. van Geelen, Johannes O. Groeneveld, Brigitte C. van Jaarsveld, Marjon G. Koopmans, Caatje Y. le Poole, Anita M. Schrander-Van der Meer, Carl E.H. Siegert, Koen J.F. Stas
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Interdialytic hemodialysis catheter-locking solutions could contribute to a reduction of catheter-related complications, especially infections. However, they can cause side effects because of leakage from the tip of the catheter. Recently, trisodium citrate (TSC) has been advocated because of its antimicrobial properties and local anticoagulation. In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, TSC 30% was compared with unfractionated heparin 5000 U/ml for prevention of catheter-related infections, thrombosis, and bleeding complications. The study was stopped prematurely because of a difference in catheter-related bacteremia (CRB; P < 0.01). Of 363 eligible patients, 291 could be randomized. The study included 98 tunneled cuffed catheters and 193 untunneled. There were no significant differences in patient and catheter characteristics on inclusion. In the heparin group, 46% of catheters had to be removed because of any complication compared with 28% in the TSC group (P = 0.005). CRB rates were 1.1 per 1000 catheter-days for TSC versus 4.1 in the heparin group (P < 0.001). For tunneled cuffed catheters, the risk reduction for CRB was 87% (P < 0.001) and for untunneled catheters was 64% (P = 0.05). Fewer patients died from CRB in the TSC group (0 versus 5; P = 0.028). There were no differences in catheter flow problems and thrombosis (P = 0.75). No serious adverse events were encountered. Major bleeding episodes were significantly lower in the TSC group (P = 0.010). TSC 30% improves overall patency rates and reduces catheter-related infections and major bleeding episodes for both tunneled and untunneled hemodialysis catheters. Flow problems are not reduced.
Docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil-based induction chemotherapy followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy concurrent with cisplatin in locally advanced EBV-related nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: P Bossi, E Orlandi, C Bergamini, L D Locati, R Granata, A Mirabile, D Parolini, M Franceschini, C Fallai, P Olmi, P Quattrone, P Potepan, A Gloghini, R Miceli, F Mattana, G Scaramellini, L Licitra
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)