tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus widely disseminated in the United States
Authors: F.C. Tenover, L.K. McDougal, R.V. Goering, G. Killgore, S.J. Projan, J.B. Patel, P.M. Dunman
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
The effect of 3% and 6% hypertonic saline in viral bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jasmijn Teunissen, Anne H.J. Hochs, Anja Vaessen-Verberne, Annemie L.M. Boehmer, Carien C.J.M. Smeets, Hein Brackel, René van Gent, Judith Wesseling, Danielle Logtens-Stevens, Ronald de Moor, Philippe P.R. Rosias, Steph Potgieter, Marianne R. Faber, Han J.E. Hendriks, Maryska L.G. Janssen-Heijnen, Bettina F. Loza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Bronchiolitis is a common disorder in young children that often results in hospitalisation. Except for a possible effect of nebulised hypertonic saline (sodium chloride), no evidence-based therapy is available. This study investigated the efficacy of nebulised 3% and 6% hypertonic saline compared with 0.9% hypertonic saline in children hospitalised with viral bronchiolitis. In this multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial, children hospitalised with acute viral bronchiolitis were randomised to receive either nebulised 3%, 6% hypertonic saline or 0.9% normal saline during their entire hospital stay. Salbutamol was added to counteract possible bronchial constriction. The primary endpoint was the length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were need for supplemental oxygen and tube feeding. From the 292 children included in the study (median age 3.4 months), 247 completed the study. The median length of hospital stay did not differ between the groups: 69 h (interquartile range 57), 70 h (IQR 69) and 53 h (IQR 52), for 3% (n=84) and 6% (n=83) hypertonic saline and 0.9% (n=80) normal saline, respectively, (p=0.29). The need for supplemental oxygen or tube feeding did not differ significantly. Adverse effects were similar in the three groups. Nebulisation with hypertonic saline (3% or 6% sodium chloride) although safe, did not reduce the length of stay in hospital, duration of supplemental oxygen or tube feeding in children hospitalised with moderate-to-severe viral bronchiolitis.
Comparison of HER2 Status by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry to Predict Benefit From Dose Escalation of Adjuvant Doxorubicin-Based Therapy in Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Lynn G. Dressler, Donald A. Berry, Gloria Broadwater, David Cowan, Kelly Cox, Stephanie Griffin, Ashley Miller, Jessica Tse, Debra Novotny, Diane L. Persons, Maurice Barcos, I. Craig Henderson, Edison T. Liu, Ann Thor, Dan Budman, Hy Muss, Larry Norton, Daniel F. Hayes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose HER2 is a clinically important tumor marker in breast cancer; however, there is controversy regarding which method reliably measures HER2 status. We compared three HER2 laboratory methods: immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy in node-positive breast cancer patients. Methods This is a Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study, using 524 tumor blocks collected from breast cancer patients registered to clinical trial CALGB 8541. IHC employed CB11 and AO-11-854 monoclonal antibodies; FISH used PathVysion HER2 DNA Probe kit; PCR utilized differential PCR (D-PCR) methodology. Results Cases HER2 positive by IHC, FISH and D-PCR were 24%, 17%, and 18%, respectively. FISH and IHC were clearly related (κ = 64.8%). All three methods demonstrated a similar relationship for DFS and OS. By any method, for patients with HER2-negative tumors, there was little or no effect of dose of adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy. For patients with HER2-positive tumors, all three methods predicted a benefit from dose-intense (high-dose) compared with low- or moderate-dose adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy. Conclusion FISH is a reliable method to predict clinical outcome following adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy for stage II breast cancer patients. There is a moderate level of concordance among the three methods (IHC, FISH, PCR). None of the methods is clearly superior. Although IHC-positive/FISH-positive tumors yielded the greatest interaction with dose of therapy in predicting outcome, no combination of assays tested was statistically superior.
Best response distribution of 12-week treatment with prucalopride (RESOLOR) in patients with chronic constipation: combined results of three randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase iii trials
Authors: V. Stanghellini, L. Vandeplassche, R. Kerstens
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Treatment of severe chronic constipation (CC) is suboptimal. Prucalopride (PRU) is a selective high affinity 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptor agonist, first representative of new chemical class (dihydro-benzofurancarboxamide compounds), developed for CC treatment. This study evaluates the combined efficacy results of PRU in 3 identical pivotal, randomised, placebo (PLA)-controlled trials. The objective of each trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of a 12-week once daily treatment of 2 or 4 mg PRU with PLA in CC. <h3>Methods</h3> All 3 trials, 2 in USA and one in Europe, Canada, Australia and South Africa, were of identical design with 3 parallel treatment groups: PLA, PRU 2 mg and PRU 4 mg. A 12-week treatment phase followed a 2-week run-in. For research purposes a most stringent primary end point was selected: the % of patients with an average of ≥3 spontaneous complete bowel movements (SCBM) per week over a 12-week treatment period (ie, normalisation of bowel movements). Clinical benefit could also be present in patients who did not meet this criterion but satisfied other efficacy end points. Patients9 best response was derived from (in order of importance): an average increase of ≥ 1 SCBM/week, an improvement of ≥ 1 point on a satisfaction scale (validated PAC-QOL 5-point subscale), an increase of ≥ 1 SBM or an increase of ≥ 1 BM. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1924 ITT patients were included; 89% female, average age 47 years, average duration of constipation 20 years. During the 2-week run-in 57% of the patients had no SCBM. In each individual trial the results for the primary and secondary end points were significantly better for both PRU groups compared to PLA. Thus, in addition to the response on the primary end point almost 75% of patients had clinical benefit from treatment with PRU with at least an increase of ≥ 1 SBM. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In addition to primary response rates of about 24% with both 2 and 4 mg PRU, another 50% of patients had clinical benefit of at least an increase of ≥ 1 SBM per week.
Pentostatin in Hairy Cell Leukemia: Treatment by the Special Exception Mechanism
Authors: J. L. Grem, S. A. King, B. D. Cheson, B. Leyland-Jones, R. E. Wittes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

An analysis of the clinical outcomes in 66 patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with pentostatin under the Special Exception mechanism of the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, between 1983 and 1987 has revealed a favorable balance of risk and benefit. Hematologic parameters and performance status were improved in most patients treated outside the clinical trials mechanism. The treating physicians considered 37 patients (56%) to be complete responders and 15 patients (23%) to be partial responders. Four patients (6%) died while receiving pentostatin. Life-threatening leukopenia (wbc count, less than 1,000/mm3) was reported in 24% of patients, and severe or life-threatening infection occurred in 11%. The experience gained with these patients supplements the information presently being collected from the controlled clinical trials and supports the development of a group C treatment protocol.
Postnatal fetal and adult hemoglobin synthesis is preterm infants whose birth weight was less than 1,000 grams.
Authors: H Bard, J Prosmanne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

To determine if environmental factors could effect the switchover from fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to adult hemoglobin (HbA) synthesis, studies were carried out on blood samples from eight infants born at less than 1,000 g, when they had reached their postconceptional age corresponding to term. All of these infants required prolonged intensive care, multiple blood transfusions, and two required exchange transfusions. Several were ventilated mechanically for 60 d and two infants had bronchopulmonary dysplasia at the time of the study. The blood samples were incubated in an amino acid mixture containing [14C]leucine followed by column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex for separation of radioactive HbA and HbF. In spite of the extreme prematurity and poor growth of these sick infants, the proportional synthesis of HbF and HbA, as determined by the incorporation of [14C]leucine during the erythrocyte incubations, was characteristic of the period of human development from which the erythrocytes were obtained.
The value of radiotherapy on metastatic internal mammary nodes in breast cancer. Results on a large series
Authors: U. Veronesi, P. Arnone, P. Veronesi, V. Galimberti, A. Luini, N. Rotmensz, E. Botteri, G.B. Ivaldi, M.C. Leonardi, G. Viale, A. Sagona, G. Paganelli, R. Panzeri, R. Orecchia
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Counselling in a general practice setting: controlled study of health visitor intervention in treatment of postnatal depression.
Authors: J. M. Holden, R. Sagovsky, J. L. Cox
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether counselling by health visitors is helpful in managing postnatal depression. DESIGN--Controlled, random order trial. SETTING--Health centres in Edinburgh and Livingston. PATIENTS--Sixty women identified as depressed by screening at six weeks post partum and by psychiatric interview at about 13 weeks post partum. Five women did not wish to participate, and a further five did not complete the trial. Age, social and obstetric factors, and diagnosis were similar in women who completed the trial and those who withdrew. INTERVENTION--Eight weekly counselling visits by health visitors who had been given a short training in counselling for postnatal depression. END POINT--Reduction of depression. MEASUREMENTS and main results--Standardised psychiatric interviews and a 10 point self report scale were used to identify depression before and after intervention. The psychiatrist was not told to which group women were allocated. After three months 18 (69%) of the 26 women in the treatment group had fully recovered compared with nine (38%) of the 24 in the control group. The difference between the groups was thus 32% (95% confidence interval 5 to 58). CONCLUSIONS--Counselling by health visitors is valuable in managing non-psychotic postnatal depression.
Healthcare Commission to review independent treatment centres
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The standard of care in independent sector treatment centres (ISTCs) is to be investigated by the NHS's watchdog, the Healthcare Commission, MPs have been told. The health secretary Patricia Hewitt, giving evidence to the health select committee last week in its inquiry into these centres, announced that she had asked the commission to review them.

The ISTCs, of which there are 20 in England and more planned, first opened in 2003 under an agreement between the NHS and the private sector to carry out specific procedures to help with the NHS's waiting lists and …
Uncertain Effects of Rosiglitazone on the Risk for Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Death
Authors: George A. Diamond, Leon Bax, Sanjay Kaul
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

A recent, widely publicized meta-analysis of 42 clinical trials concluded that rosiglitazone was associated with an approximately 43% increased risk for myocardial infarction and an approximately 64% increased risk for cardiovascular death. The sensitivity of these conclusions to several methodological choices was not assessed. The meta-analysis was not based on a comprehensive search for all studies that might yield evidence about rosiglitazone's cardiovascular effects. Studies were combined on the basis of a lack of statistical heterogeneity, despite substantial variability in study design and outcome assessment. The meta-analytic approach that was used required the exclusion of studies with zero events in the treatment and control groups. Alternative meta-analytic approaches that use continuity corrections show lower odds ratios that are not statistically significant. We conclude that the risk for myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular disease for diabetic patients taking rosiglitazone is uncertain: Neither increased nor decreased risk is established.
A qualitative review of sports concussion education: prime time for evidence-based knowledge translation
Authors: Martin Mrazik, Christopher R Dennison, Brian L Brooks, Keith Owen Yeates, Shelina Babul, Dhiren Naidu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background Educating athletes, coaches, parents and healthcare providers about concussion management is a public health priority. There is an abundance of information on sports concussions supported by position statements from governing sport and medical organisations. Yet surveys of athletes, parents, coaches and healthcare providers continue to identify multiple barriers to the successful management of sports concussion. To date, efforts to provide education using empirically sound methodologies are lacking. Purpose To provide a comprehensive review of scientific research on concussion education efforts and make recommendations for enhancing these efforts. Study design Qualitative literature review of sports concussion education. Methods Databases including PubMed, Sport Discus and MEDLINE were searched using standardised terms, alone and in combination, including ‘concussion’, ‘sport’, ‘knowledge’, ‘education’ and ‘outcome’. Results Studies measuring the success of education interventions suggest that simply presenting available information may help to increase knowledge about concussions, but it does not produce long-term changes in behaviour among athletes. Currently, no empirical reviews have evaluated the success of commercially available sports concussion applications. The most successful education efforts have taken steps to ensure materials are user-friendly, interactive, utilise more than one modality to present information and are embedded in mandated training programmes or support legislation. Psychosocial theory-driven methods used to understand and improve ‘buy in’ from intended audiences have shown promise in changing behaviour. Conclusions More deliberate and methodologically sound steps must be taken to optimise education and knowledge translation efforts in sports concussion.
RELEASE OF VASOACTIVE AMINES FROM RABBIT PLATELETS INDUCED BY SENSITIZED MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES AND ANTIGEN
Authors: P. M. Henson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The immunological release of vasoactive amines from rabbit platelets by a mechanism requiring blood leukocytes has been described. The reaction involved leukocytes from an immunized rabbit, antigen, and platelets and did not require the complement system. The leukocytes appeared to be mononuclear, had the ability to adhere to glass, and were found in greater numbers in the blood than in spleen, lymph nodes, thoracic duct lymph, bone marrow, and peritoneal cavity washings. Part or all of the effect on the platelets appeared to result from active release of a soluble factor from the leukocytes, which induced vasoactive amine release from the platelets. The platelets were not lysed during this reaction and the release of vasoactive amines required the active participation of metabolic pathways in the platelet.
Human tissue models for a human disease: what are the barriers?
Authors: J. Edwards, M. Belvisi, S.-E. Dahlen, S. Holgate, A. Holmes
Journal: Thorax (2015)

Asthma represents an area of significant unmet medical need, with few new drugs making it to the clinic in the past 50 years. Much asthma research is currently carried out in non-human models. However, as asthma is a uniquely human condition, it is difficult to translate findings from these models to efficacious therapies. Based on the results of a survey of the UK asthma research community carried out jointly between the NC3Rs, Asthma UK, the UK Respiratory Research Collaborative and the Human Tissue Authority, we propose that more emphasis be placed on the use of human tissue studies to provide more relevant models that better translate to the clinic and which reduce the reliance of the asthma community on less predictive animal models.
Strut Coverage and Late Malapposition With Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents Compared With Bare Metal Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Giulio Guagliumi, Marco A. Costa, Vasile Sirbu, Giuseppe Musumeci, Hiram G. Bezerra, Nobuaki Suzuki, Aleksandre Matiashvili, Nikoloz Lortkipanidze, Laurian Mihalcsik, Antonio Trivisonno, Orazio Valsecchi, Gary S. Mintz, Ovidiu Dressler, Helen Parise, Akiko Maehara, Ecaterina Cristea, Alexandra J. Lansky, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The safety of drug-eluting stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) continues to be debated. Pathological studies have demonstrated an association between uncovered struts and subsequent stent thrombosis. Optical coherence tomography can detect stent strut coverage in vivo on a micron-scale level. We therefore used optical coherence tomography to examine strut coverage in patients with STEMI treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) and bare metal stents (BMS).In the Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial, patients with STEMI were randomized 3:1 to PES or BMS implantation. In a formal substudy, optical coherence tomography at 13 months was performed in 118 consecutive randomized patients (89 PES, 29 BMS) in whom 188 stents were assessed (146 PES and 42 BMS). A total of 44 139 stent struts were analyzed by an independent core laboratory blinded to stent assignment. The primary prespecified end point, the percentage of uncovered stent struts per lesion at follow-up, was 1.1 ± 2.5% in BMS lesions versus 5.7 ± 7.0% in PES lesions (P < 0.0001). Malapposed struts were observed in 0.1 ± 0.2% of BMS lesions versus 0.9 ± 2.1% of PES lesions (P = 0.0003). Percentage net volume obstruction was 36.0 ± 15.4% with BMS and 19.2 ± 11.3% with PES (P < 0.0001).In patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, implantation of PES as compared with BMS significantly reduces neointimal hyperplasia but results in higher rates of uncovered and malapposed stent struts as assessed by optical coherence tomography at 13-month follow-up. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of these findings.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
Erosive pustular dermatosis of the leg
Authors: R.H. BULL, P.S. MORTIMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Two women with a distinctive rash on the legs are reported. The clinical features of erythema, erosions, crusting and pustular lakes, and the failure to respond to any treatment except very potent topical corticosteroids (Dermovate®). are very similar to those of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp.
Clinical algorithm for malaria in Africa
Authors: Jef van den Ende, Alfons Van Gompel, Lut Lynen, Wim Van Damme, Kevin Marsh, Mike English, Norbert Peshu, Jane Crawley, Robert Snow, Paul Garner, Stephen Gordon, StephenC. Redd, Okey Nwanyanwu, StephenP. Luby, PeterN. Kazembe, AllenW. Hlghtower
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Relation between serum creatinine and body mass index in elite athletes of different sport disciplines
Authors: G Banfi, M Del Fabbro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To document the relation between serum creatinine concentration and body mass index in elite athletes from five different sports, and to study potential differences among athletes performing different sports with different features and requirements.Before the start of the competitive season, serum creatinine was measured in 151 elite athletes from five different sports: rugby (n = 44), soccer (n = 27), alpine skiing (n = 34), sailing (n = 22), cycling (n = 24). Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relation between serum creatinine and body mass index (BMI). Analysis of variance and unpaired Student's t test were used to compare creatinine concentration and BMI in different sport disciplines.In the whole group of athletes, a positive correlation between serum creatinine and BMI was found (r = 0.48, p<0.001). Significant differences in creatinine concentration and BMI were found between athletes competing in different sports: their mean (SD) values were respectively 1.31 (0.12) mg/dl and 28.83 (2.41) for rugby players, 1.27 mg/dl (0.10) and 23.10 (1.01) for soccer players, 1.15 (0.11) mg/dl and 25.8 (1.50) for skiers, 1.08 (0.11) mg/dl and 26.93 (2.36) for sailors, and 0.91 (0.07)mg/dl and 21.33 (1.21) for cyclists.There is a correlation between creatinine concentration and BMI in elite athletes competing in different sports characterised by different kinds of training, competitive season, and involvement of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Interpretation of creatinine concentrations in male athletes should consider professional status as well as the specific sport performed. All athletes should be monitored with consecutive creatinine assessments, using as the baseline the concentration determined before the start of training and the competitive season, but taking into consideration the specific sport performed and the BMI until equations that include creatinine and factors that affect its concentration are used.
Lung clearance index predicts pulmonary exacerbations in young patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: François Vermeulen, Marijke Proesmans, Mieke Boon, Trudy Havermans, Kris De Boeck
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Rationale</h3> The lung clearance index (LCI) is a promising endpoint for use in cystic fibrosis (CF) clinical trials, but correlations with validated clinical endpoints have not yet been established. <h3>Objective</h3> This study aimed to demonstrate that, in young patients with CF, baseline LCI predicts subsequent pulmonary exacerbation (PE) and correlates with the respiratory domain of the CF Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R<sub>resp</sub>). <h3>Methods</h3> Baseline LCI, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>), CFQ-R<sub>resp</sub> and PEs over the subsequent year were prospectively recorded in 63 patients aged 5–19 years. The ability of baseline LCI to predict PE was assessed using negative binomial regression models and Kaplan–Meier plots. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-six patients (41%) experienced 48 PEs. Baseline LCI and FEV<sub>1</sub> were predictors of PE. Compared with the quartile with the lowest LCI, the annual PE rate in increasing LCI quartiles was 2.9 (95% CI 0.5 to 16.5, p=0.238), 5.4 (95% CI 1.0 to 29.0, p=0.045) and 13.6 (95% CI 2.8 to 67.1, p=0.001). Similarly, time to first PE decreased with worsening LCI quartiles (log-rank test for trend, p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, LCI correlated with CFQ-R<sub>resp</sub> (r=−0.43, p&lt;0.001). In the subgroup of 53 patients with normal FEV<sub>1</sub>, LCI was a predictor of PE. In this subgroup, LCI also correlated with CFQ-R<sub>resp</sub> (r=−0.282, p=0.043). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Baseline LCI predicts PE in young patients with CF and correlates with CFQ-R<sub>resp</sub>, a validated patient-reported outcome, even in the subgroup with normal FEV<sub>1</sub>. These data further support the use of LCI as a surrogate outcome measure in CF clinical trials.