tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Hemorrhagic Necrosis of Tumors Induced by Interleukin-1 Effects Independent of Tumor Necrosis Factor
Authors: C. S. Johnson, M.-j. Chang, P. G. Braunschweiger, P. Furmanski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a protein synthesized in response to the endotoxin bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is the classical mediator of acute hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors. We have demonstrated that interleukin-la (IL-lα), with a spectrum of activities very similar to those of TNF, also causes acute hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors. Both TNF and IL-1 induce a cascade of events including the synthesis or release of each other. The present studies were thus undertaken to determine whether the hemorrhagic necrosis induced in tumors by IL-lα is due to TNF. Kinetic parameters of IL-lα-induced hemorrhage were similar to those observed with recombinant murine TNF-α (TNF-α) or LPS in RIF-1 fibrosarcomas in C3H/HeN (endotoxin-sensitive) mice. However, the amount of TNF found in the sera or tumors of animals treated with LPS was more than 20-fold higher than in mice treated with IL-lα, and LPS induced similar degrees of hemorrhagic necrosis, which was measured by determining the packed volume of red blood cells by 59 Fe labeling. A low but significantly hemorrhagic dose of IL-lα induced no detectable TNF in tumors. Pretreatment with 250 μg of neutralizing antibody to TNF had no effect on IL-lα-induced hemorrhage, whereas TNF-α- and LPS-induced hemorrhagic effects were significantly reduced. These results demonstrate an important antitumor activity of IL-αa that appears to be independent of TNF. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:842–848,1991]
Blood lactate concentration following maximum exercise in trained subjects.
Authors: G. C. Gass, S. Rogers, R. Mitchell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

The time when blood lactate reaches peak concentration following maximum exercise is unclear. The post exercise venous blood lactate concentration was determined serially for 30 minutes in 13 trained men following maximum exercise on a motor driven treadmill. Lactates were determined enzymatically in duplicate. The VO2 max and percent body fat was 65.1 +/- 4.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 11.4 +/- 1.4, respectively. The venous lactate reached a peak concentration at the 6th minute (14.2 mmol.L-1) of an inactive recovery, and declined linearly thereafter to reach a concentration of 7.43 +/- 0.60 mmol.L-1 at the 30th minute. The net rate of lactate removal was .30 mmol.L-1.min-1. Statistical analysis found no significant difference in lactate concentration during the 4th, 5th and 6th minute post exercise, indicating that these post exercise times may be appropriate to sample venous blood for peak lactate concentration.
Calcitonin Stimulates Multiple Stages of Angiogenesis by Directly Acting on Endothelial Cells
Authors: Srinivasulu Chigurupati, Trupti Kulkarni, Shibu Thomas, Girish Shah
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Although a strong correlation between neuroendocrine differentiation and angiogenesis of prostate cancer has been reported, no mechanistic link between the two events has been established. Because neuropeptide calcitonin is secreted by prostate tumors and endothelial cells are known to express calcitonin receptor-like receptor, we examined the potential action of calcitonin on endothelial cells. The presence of calcitonin receptor, calcitonin receptor-like receptor, and receptor activity-modifying proteins in human microvessel endothelial-1 cells was tested by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). The proangiogenic action of calcitonin was examined in several in vitro models of angiogenesis using HMEC-1 cells and also in vivo using dorsal skinfold assays. Calcitonin expression of PC-3M cells was modulated, and its effect on angiogenesis was examined in in vitro as well as in vivo models. The results of RT-PCR and radioligand receptor assays showed the presence of functional calcitonin receptor in HMEC-1 cells. Calcitonin stimulated all phases of angiogenesis through the calcitonin receptor, but its effect on tube morphogenesis by endothelial cells occurred at the concentration of the Kd of calcitonin receptor. Silencing of calcitonin receptor expression in HMEC-1 cells abolished calcitonin-induced tube formation. Vascular endothelial growth factor antibodies attenuated but did not abolish calcitonin-induced tube morphogenesis. PC-3M prostate cancer cells induced angiogenesis in in vivo and in vitro models. Overexpression of calcitonin in PC-3M cells increased their angiogenic activity, whereas the silencing of calcitonin expression abolished it. These results show that prostate tumor-derived calcitonin may play an important role in prostate tumor growth by regulating intratumoral vascularization.
Effects of Enzyme Inhibitors on the Contractility and Membrane Potentials of the Rat Atrium
Authors: J. LEYDEN WEBB, PHILIP B. HOLLANDER
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Enzyme inhibitors alter the rate of ion movement across the membrane of the rat atrial cell during the repolarization phase. There is simultaneously no constant change in the resting potential while the action potential amplitude is usually depressed to a moderate degree. The relationship between these membrane changes and the altered contractility is investigated. It is concluded that metabolic depression reduces the contractility by two mechanisms: one is a membrane effect, the result of the shortening of the action potential duration, and the other is an effect more directly on the contractile processes.
Suppression of IgE antibody production in SJL mice. IV. Interaction of primed and unprimed T cells.
Authors: T Itaya, Z Ovary
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The mechanism of selective anti-hapten IgE antibody production was studied in SJL mice. Using an adoptive transfer method of spleen cells into syngeneic recipients irradiated with a sublethal dose of 600 rads, it was demonstrated that for the suppression of anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody production the interaction of two subsets of T cells is necessary. DNP-primed B cells and carrier-primed T helper cells are taken from donors primed with small amounts of DNP-carrier conjugates. Without injection of other cells, high titer and persistent anti-DNP antibodies are produced in the recipients. The two subsets of T cells that are active in suppression of IgE are taken from two types of donors: one donor is immunized (hyperprimed) with larger amounts of carrier protein twice, the other is an unprimed donor. The carrier for hyperpriming the first type of donor may be unrelated to the carrier used for priming the helper T cells. To bring about anti-DNP IgE suppression it is necessary that the animals should be challenged with the same DNP-carrier conjugate used for priming the B and T helper cells. If the hyperprimed donors were immunized with a heterologous, unrelated carrier, then this heterologous unconjugated carrier must also be injected together with the homologous DNP-carrier conjugate. In these conditions, anti-DNP IgE antibody production is suppressed, but the production of anti-DNP IgG1 antibody is not diminished.
Tissue Factor Mediates Prolonged Procoagulant Activity on the Luminal Surface of Balloon-Injured Aortas in Rabbits
Authors: Christopher M. Speidel, Paul R. Eisenberg, Wolfram Ruf, Thomas S. Edgington, Dana R. Abendschein
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Activation of coagulation has been implicated in both acute thrombotic occlusion and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. However, concomitant administration of antithrombotic agents has thus far failed to prevent these complications. Importantly, the factors contributing to procoagulant activity of balloon-injured arteries over time have not been defined. This study was designed to determine the duration of procoagulant activity on the luminal surface of balloon-injured arteries and the relative roles of tissue factor and thrombin in this response. Methods and Results Abdominal aortas in rabbits were subjected to repetitive balloon hyperinflations sufficient to disrupt the internal elastic lamina. Aortas were excised at &lt;1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after injury; divided into segments; and perfused with recalcified human pooled plasma (n=58) or plasma depleted of vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors (n=27) or first incubated with a monoclonal antibody to rabbit tissue factor (n=33) followed by perfusion with human plasma. Samples of the effluent and plasma perfusate were collected over 10 minutes and assayed for fibrinopeptide A (FPA) as an index of the rate of thrombin-induced fibrin formation. FPA in the effluent from segments perfused with recalcified plasma, expressed as a percentage of FPA in the perfusate, was elevated for 16 hours after balloon-induced injury and exhibited two distinct increases occurring &lt;1 hour (1297±473%, mean±SD, n=5) and 8 hours (1052±330%, n=6) after injury ( P ≤.000001 versus uninjured vessels). Preincubation of segments at these intervals with an antibody to tissue factor markedly attenuated the increases in FPA, as did perfusion of segments with plasma depleted of vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors, indicating that the observed increases in FPA in whole plasma did not result from preformed thrombin bound to the injured vessel wall. Conclusions Tissue factor–mediated coagulation appears to be primarily responsible for prolonged procoagulant activity of balloon-injured arteries.
Cycle length of periodic breathing in patients with and without heart failure.
Authors: M J Hall, A Xie, R Rutherford, S Ando, J S Floras, T D Bradley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Because apnea length during periodic breathing varies according to the preceding increase in ventilation and reduction in PaCO 2, differences in the cycle length of periodic breathing among patients with normal and impaired cardiac function might be explained by the influence of lung-to-carotid body circulatory delay, as reflected by lung-to-ear circulation time (LECT), on hyperpnea length rather than on apnea length. It was therefore hypothesized that circulatory delay is an important determinant of periodic-breathing hyperpnea length but not apnea length. To test this hypothesis, LECT, periodic-breathing cycle length, apnea length, and hyperpnea length were compared in 10 patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea (ICSA), whose cardiac function was normal, as opposed to 10 with Cheyne-Stokes respiration and central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) in association with congestive heart failure (CHF). As compared with ICSA patients, cycle length was significantly longer in patients with CSR-CSA (37.3 +/- 3.0 s versus 59.0 +/- 4.9 s, p < 0.005). This difference was due to significantly longer hyperpnea length in the CSR-CSA patients (16.7 +/- 2.8 s versus 36.7 +/- 3.4 s, p < 0.001), since apnea length was similar in the two groups. In addition, LECT was longer in the CSR-CSA patients (24.3 +/- 2.0 s versus 10.3 +/- 1.0 s, p < 0.001), and correlated strongly with cycle length (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and hyperpnea length (r = 0.90, p < 0.001) but not with apnea length. LECT correlated inversely with cardiac output (r = -0.72, p < 0.006), indicating that LECT is a valid measure of circulatory delay. Thus, circulatory delay is an important determinant of hyperpnea length but not of apnea length in patients with ICSA and CSR-CSA.
Sexual experience of the chronic peritoneal dialysis patient.
Authors: T E Steele, D Wuerth, S Finkelstein, D Juergensen, P Juergensen, A S Kliger, F O Finkelstein
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

The actual and desired frequency of intercourse was studied in 68 randomly selected chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) patients. The results were correlated with standard measures of depression (Beck Depression inventory), anxiety (Patient Related Anxiety Scale), physical symptoms (Kupfer-Detre System 2), adequacy of dialysis (KT/Vurea) and nutrition (serum albumin level). In addition, patients assessed their quality of life (PAQOL) using an 1 to 10 analog scale. The mean +/- SD age of all patients studied was 54 +/- 11 yr, the mean dialysis duration was 24 +/- 24 months; 46% of the patients were female, and 34% were diabetic. Sixty-three percent of the patients reported never having intercourse (Group 1), 19% reported having intercourse < or = two times per month (Group II), and 18% reported having intercourse > two times per month (Group III). Dialysis duration, serum albumin level, KT/Vurea, and age were not significantly different among the three groups. Nearly 50% of patients in Group I desired to have intercourse, and 54% of the patients in Group II desired to have intercourse more frequently, Group I patients had significantly higher depression and anxiety scores, more physical symptoms, a poorer overall PAQOL, and less satisfaction with their sexual activity than Group III patients. These results suggest that there is a high prevalence of sexual difficulties in CPD patients. Patients not having intercourse have a poorer quality of life and higher degree of depression and anxiety than patients having intercourse more than two times per month.
The Impact of Diabetes and Diabetes Medications on Bone Health
Authors: Matthew P. Gilbert, Richard E. Pratley
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2015)

Abstract Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of fragility fractures despite increased body weight and normal or higher bone mineral density. The mechanisms by which T2DM increases skeletal fragility are unclear. It is likely that a combination of factors, including a greater risk of falling, regional osteopenia, and impaired bone quality, contributes to the increased fracture risk. Drugs for the treatment of T2DM may also impact on the risk for fractures. For example, thiazolidinediones accelerate bone loss and increase the risk of fractures, particularly in older women. In contrast, metformin and sulfonylureas do not appear to have a negative effect on bone health and may, in fact, protect against fragility fracture. Animal models indicate a potential role for incretin hormones in bone metabolism, but there are only limited data on the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists on bone health in humans. Animal models also have demonstrated a role for amylin in bone metabolism, but clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes with an amylin analog (pramlintide) have not shown a significant impact on bone metabolism. The effects of insulin treatment on fracture risk are inconsistent with some studies showing an increased risk and others showing no effect. Finally, although there is limited information on the latest class of medications for the treatment of T2DM, the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, these drugs do not seem to increase fracture risk. Because diabetes is an increasingly common chronic condition that can affect patients for many decades, further research into the effects of agents for the treatment of T2DM on bone metabolism is warranted. In this review, the physiological mechanisms and clinical impact of diabetes treatments on bone health and fracture risk in patients with T2DM are described.
Transfer for Primary Angioplasty
Authors: Howard C. Herrmann
Journal: Circulation (2005)

rimary angioplasty offers benefits as compared with fibrinolysis for many patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). 1 This superiority of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in trials has led to the investigation of transfer strategies that would make PCI more widely available.Such a strategy would regionalize care and divert patients with STEMI to centers with PCI capability.The clinical cost of such a strategy in terms of time requires investigation.
Note on the Treatment of Arthritis by means of Hot Air Baths
Authors: T. S. Short
Journal: BMJ (1898)

TM Barr= i6iiI drained by the infected gland, preferably the right and left inguinal region.I have not seen good results by injecting it into remote areas.5. In phagedfenic ulceration complicating venereal sores this serum would appear not only to neutralise the toxins in the blood, but also to bring about a healthy condition of the ulcer.
SITUS INVERSUS TOTALIS: A SURVEY OF LATERALITY AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE FREQUENCY OF MENTAL DISORDER
Authors: HENRY C. EVERETT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

The findings of this study did not support the hypothesis that situs inversus might predispose to left-handedness. However, the incidental finding of a high frequency of mental disorders in the histories of the patients studied adds evidence to that from previous authors that situs inversus totalis may predispose to such disorders.
Following Nero: fiddle while Rome burns, or is there a better way?
Authors: A. Bush, I. Pavord
Journal: Thorax (2011)

The Shorter Oxford Dictionary defines ‘exacerbation’ as ‘an increase in the severity of a disease’—which does not imply reversibility or otherwise. However, we wonder how many chest physicians define exacerbation as ‘an acute and temporary deterioration in either symptoms or signs (and for the sophisticated, biomarkers)’ of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or whatever. We know that many of our patients do not understand the term; some confuse it with exasperations. The editorial by Mark FitzGerald1 proposes to discard this term in favour of the phrase ‘lung attack’. Is this mere sensationalism or trendy fiddling with what actually works well (as with the Church of England discarding the Book of Common Prayer in favour of series 17.2)? …
Dysregulated Expression of FOXM1 Isoforms Drives Progression of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Xiangyu Kong, Lei Li, Zhaoshen Li, Xiangdong Le, Chen Huang, Zhiliang Jia, Jiujie Cui, Suyun Huang, Liwei Wang, Keping Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) plays important roles in oncogenesis. However, the expression statuses of FOXM1 isoforms and their impact on and molecular basis in oncogenesis are unknown. We sought to determine the identities of FOXM1 isoforms in and the impact of their expression on pancreatic cancer development and progression using human tissues, cell lines, and animal models. Overexpression of FOXM1 mRNA and protein was pronounced in human pancreatic tumors and cancer cell lines. We identified five FOXM1 isoforms present in pancreatic cancer: FOXM1a, FOXM1b, and FOXM1c along with two isoforms tentatively designated as FOXM1b1 and FOXM1b2 because they were closely related to FOXM1b. Interestingly, FOXM1c was predominantly expressed in pancreatic tumors and cancer cell lines, whereas FOXM1a expression was generally undetectable in them. Functional analysis revealed that FOXM1b, FOXM1b1, FOXM1b2, and FOXM1c, but not FOXM1a, promoted pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. Consistently, FOXM1b, FOXM1b1, FOXM1b2, and FOXM1c activated transcription of their typical downstream genes. Also, Sp1 mechanistically activated the FOXM1 promoter, whereas Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) repressed its activity. Finally, we identified an Sp1- and KLF4-binding site in the FOXM1 promoter and showed that both Sp1 and KLF4 protein bound directly to it. Deletion mutation of this binding site significantly attenuated the transcriptional regulation of the FOXM1 promoter positively by Sp1 and negatively by KLF4. We showed that overexpression of specific FOXM1 isoforms critically regulates pancreatic cancer development and progression by enhancing tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Our findings strongly suggest that targeting specific FOXM1 isoforms effectively attenuates pancreatic cancer development and progression. Cancer Res; 73(13); 3987–96. ©2013 AACR.
Enteric Salmonella or Campylobacter infections and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: T. Jess, J. Simonsen, N. M. Nielsen, K. T. Jorgensen, P. Bager, S. Ethelberg, M. Frisch
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> Enteric pathogens have been implicated in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but increased rates of stool testing of patients with unclear gastrointestinal symptoms might cause detection bias. Hence, the objective of this study was to analyse incidence rates of Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis among patients with <i>Salmonella</i>- or <i>Campylobacter</i>-positive and negative stool tests and to study the incidence of positive and negative stool tests among patients already diagnosed with IBD. <h3>Methods</h3> The Danish population was followed for 94.3 million person-years during 1992–2008 using national registers to identify persons with positive and negative stool tests and patients with IBD. Using Poisson regression, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for IBD after positive or negative stool tests and, conversely, IRRs for positive and negative stool tests following IBD, were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> IRRs for IBD were significantly high in the first year after <i>Salmonella</i>- or <i>Campylobacter</i>-positive stool tests (IRRs 5.4–9.8), and they remained moderately increased 1–10 years later (IRRs 1.6–2.2), and less so &gt;10 years later (IRRs 0.8–1.8). However, IRRs for IBD &lt;1 year after a negative stool test were several-fold higher (IRRs 53.2–57.5), and a decreasing incidence pattern over time was parallel to that following positive test results. Among patients with IBD, IRRs for subsequent positive and—most notably—negative stool test results were also significantly high. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Similarities in temporal risk patterns for IBD following positive or negative stool tests indicate that the increased occurrence of <i>Salmonella</i>- or <i>Campylobacter</i>-positive results around the time of first IBD hospitalisation results from detection bias.
552 CIRCULATING NEUTROPHIL GRANULE SUBSET RELEASE IN RESPONSE TO BACTERIAL STIMULUS IS AUGMENTED IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL-RELATED LIVER DISEASE AND MAY CONTRIBUTE TO ORGAN BYSTANDER DAMAGE
Authors: T.H. Tranah, G.K. Manakkat Vijay, J.M. Ryan, R.D. Abeles, L.J. Markwick, P.J. Chana, D.L. Shawcross
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A case of Churg-Strauss vasculitis after hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: MASSIMO VANOLI, DONATELLA GAMBINI, RAFFAELLA SCORZA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Vaccination against hepatitis B with recombinant vaccine is highly effective in producing immunity in immunocompetent patients. It has few side effects, usually consisting of early local reactions to the thimerosal or aluminium components of the vaccine. Vasculitis have been reported after BCG inoculation and vaccination against flu, measles, and hepatitis B. For the latter, some cases have been described after inoculation of both plasma derived and recombinant vaccine: cryoglobulinaemia, pulmonary and cutaneous vasculitis, erythema nodosum, Takayasu’s arteritis, and polyarteritis nodosa.1-9 We describe a case of Churg-Strauss vasculitis (CSv) developing after vaccination against hepatitis B with recombinant vaccine.

The patient’s personal and family histories were negative for autoimmune and allergic diseases; in particular, neither atopy nor eczema were reported. The patient’s available previous full blood counts with differential …