tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE FOR GENETIC INTERACTION BETWEEN NON-INFECTIOUS AND INFECTIOUS INFLUENZA A VIRUSES
Authors: Samuel Baron, Keith E. Jensen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Influenza virus rendered non-infectious by ultraviolet irradiation retained ability to "exchange" genetic traits with related virus, resulting in recombined forms. Sedimentation studies indicated association of recombinining activity with particles approximately the size of influenza virus. Genetic activity was not demonstrated when virus was more severely disrupted in attempts to observe phenomena analogous to bacterial transformation. Irradiated virus was also shown to remain capable of genetic exchange for at least 4 days after inoculation into embryonate eggs. In contrast infectious virus becomes insusceptible to genetic exchange after 1 hour incubation in eggs. The importance of this delayed recombination phenomenon to processes of virus evolution and influenza strain variation was discussed.
Digitalis Intoxication Following Conversion to Sinus Rhythm
Authors: ROBERT GILBERT, RICHARD P. CUDDY
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The records of 28 patients receiving digitalis and converted from atrial fibrillation or flutter to sinus rhythm with direct-current countershock were reviewed. Electrocardiographic signs suggesting digitalis intoxication following conversion occurred in 20 of these cases. Two of these patients died as a result of ventricular fibrillation several hours after apparently successful conversion. Six patients on digitalis treated with countershock but not converting and five patients converted with countershock who were not receiving digitalis or in whom digitalis had been discontinued for several days failed to show these electrocardiographic abnormalities. The results indicate that digitalis intoxication will often appear following conversion to sinus rhythm when no indication of digitalis intoxication was present prior to conversion. It is recommended that digitalis be withheld for several days in subjects for whom a conversion attempt is planned.
RETRACTED: Clinical transplantation of a tissue-engineered airway
Authors: Paolo Macchiarini, Philipp Jungebluth, Tetsuhiko Go, M Adelaide Asnaghi, Louisa E Rees, Tristan A Cogan, Amanda Dodson, Jaume Martorell, Silvia Bellini, Pier Paolo Parnigotto, Sally C Dickinson, Anthony P Hollander, Sara Mantero, Maria Teresa Conconi, Martin A Birchall
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Maternal Modification of Tissue Antigenicity and the Histocompatibility-2 (&lt;italic&gt;H-2&lt;/italic&gt;) Locus
Authors: D E Uphoff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Differences in time of onset and severity of the secondary disease syndrome produced by the graft-versus-host reaction occurred in lethally irradiated reciprocal hybrid mice inoculated with bone marrow from parental strains of different H-2 genotypes. A less severe graft-versus-host reaction occurred when the marrow donor strain was syngeneic with the maternal strain of the hybrid. Differences in the survival pattern after inoculation of marrow from either parental strain were attributed to the quantitative difference in antigenicity control by the H-2 locus. The difference in the survival pattern between lethally irradiated reciprocal hybrid recipients inoculated with marrow of the same parental strain was attributed to reduced antigenicity as a result of a maternal modification of expression of paternally derived tissue antigens occurring during fetal development.
A good experiment of choice behavior is a good caricature of a real situation
Authors: Francisco J. Gil-White
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

I argue that (1) the accusation that psychological methods are too diverse conflates “reliability” with “validity”; (2) one must not choose methods by the results they produce – what matters is whether a method acceptably models the real-world situation one is trying to understand; (3) one must also distinguish methodological failings from differences that arise from the pursuit of different theoretical questions.
Uridine diphosphate glucoronosyl transferases, candidate antigens of liver-kidney microsomal antibodies in hepatitis delta virus-infected patients
Authors: Ferruccio Bonino, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Patients with chronic hepatitis D often have liver-kidney microsomal antibodies type 3 (LKM-3). These antibodies react with several microsomal antigens that have a molecular weight of 55 HDa and an isoelectric point of about 8. We studied the molecular nature of the antigen and, by immunoscreening a human liver cDNA expression library with KM-3 sera, found that uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) appeared as candidate antigens. We confirmed the identity of UGT as an antigen by reacting the sera with recombinant rabbit liver UGT proteins. Some sera reacted with rabbit UGT-2 proteins, but UGT-1 proteins were more sensitive and specific in detecting LKM-3 autoantibodies in patient sera. Anti-UGT-1 antibodies were detected in all LKM-3 positive sera from patients with hepatitis D and 1 out of 11 patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 2. Sera from patients who had hepatitis B only did not react with UGT proteins.
Thirty-day postoperative mortality after colorectal cancer surgery in England
Authors: E. J. A. Morris, E. F. Taylor, J. D. Thomas, P. Quirke, P. J. Finan, M. P. Coleman, B. Rachet, D. Forman
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the variation in risk-adjusted 30-day postoperative mortality for patients with colorectal cancer between hospital trusts within the English NHS. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cross-sectional population-based study of data extracted from the National Cancer Data Repository. <h3>Setting</h3> All providers of major colorectal cancer surgery within the English NHS. <h3>Participants</h3> All 160 920 individuals who underwent major resection for colorectal cancer diagnosed between 1998 and 2006 in the English NHS. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> National patterns of 30-day postoperative mortality were examined and logistic binary regression was used to study factors associated with death within 30 days of surgery. Funnel plots were used to show variation between trusts in risk-adjusted mortality. <h3>Results</h3> Overall 30-day mortality was 6.7% but decreased over time from 6.8% in 1998 to 5.8% in 2006. The largest reduction in mortality was seen in 2005 and 2006. Postoperative mortality increased with age (15.0% (95% CI 14.1% to 15.9%) for those aged &gt;80 years), comorbidity (24.2% (95% CI 22.0% to 26.5%) for those with a Charlson comorbidity score ≥3), stage of disease (9.9% (95% CI 9.3% to 10.6%) for patients with Dukes9 D disease), socioeconomic deprivation (7.8% (95% CI 7.2% to 8.4%) for residents of the most deprived quintile) and operative urgency (14.9% (95% CI 14.2% to 15.7%) for patients undergoing emergency resection). Risk-adjusted control charts showed that one trust had consistently significantly better outcomes and three had significantly worse outcomes than the population mean. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Significant variation in 30-day postoperative mortality following major colorectal cancer surgery existed between NHS hospitals in England throughout the period 1998–2006. Understanding the underlying causes of this variation between surgical providers will make it possible to identify and spread best practice, improve outcomes and, ultimately, reduce 30-day postoperative mortality following colorectal cancer surgery.
The Role of the Multidrug Resistance Protein-1 in Modulation of Endothelial Cell Oxidative Stress
Authors: Cornelius F.H. Mueller, Julian D. Widder, Joseph S. McNally, Louise McCann, Dean P. Jones, David G. Harrison
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Glutathione (GSH) is the major source of intracellular sulfhydryl groups. Oxidized GSH (GSSG) can be recycled to GSH by the GSH reductase or exported from the cell. The mechanism by which GSSG is exported and the consequence of its export from endothelial cells has not been defined previously. We found that human endothelial cells express the multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1) and use this as their major exporter of GSSG. Oscillatory shear stress, which is known to stimulate endothelial cell production of reactive oxygen species, decreased intracellular GSH. In contrast, laminar shear significantly increased intracellular GSH. Oscillatory shear also caused a robust export of GSSG that was prevented by the MRP1 inhibitor MK571 and by MRP1 small interfering RNA. MRP1 inhibition prevented the decline in intracellular GSH, preserved the intracellular GSH Nernst potential, and reduced apoptosis caused by oscillatory shear. In aortas of hypertensive mice, endothelial disulfide export was doubled, and this was prevented by MK571 and was not observed in aortas of hypertensive MRP1-/- mice. Further, the altered endothelium-dependent vasodilatation caused by hypertension was ameliorated in MRP1-/- mice. GSSG export by MRP1 leads to a perturbation of endothelial redox state and ultimately endothelial cell apoptosis. Endothelial MRP1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for prevention of vascular disease.
Therapy of Carotid Arteriosclerosis
Authors: H.J.M. Barnett
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1994)

Carotid arteriosclerotic disease is the most readily treatable type of lesion leading to stroke. Its management involves lowering those risk factors over which the patient has control. Patients should regulate hypertension, quit smoking, seek medical attention for treatable cardiac abnormalities, and take steps to reduce increased blood lipids. For symptomatic carotid disease, regardless of whether surgery is offered, platelet inhibitors are obligatory. The recommended dose is 650 mg aspirin per day (or up to 1300 mg, if tolerated). For patients whose symptoms continue despite aspirin therapy or who are aspirin intolerant, ticlopidine is the only recommended platelet inhibitor. Cerebral arterial bypass surgery is not an effective treatment for carotid arteriosclerosis. Carotid endarterectomy helps patients with ≥ 70% stenosis as determined by strict arteriographic measurements. We do not yet have sufficient data to determine whether endarterectomy would benefit patients with lower levels of carotid stenosis or asymptomatic patients with any degree of stenosis.
Using high-density DNA methylation arrays to profile copy number alterations
Authors: Andrew Feber, Paul Guilhamon, Matthias Lechner, Tim Fenton, Gareth A Wilson, Christina Thirlwell, Tiffany J Morris, Adrienne M Flanagan, Andrew E Teschendorff, John D Kelly, Stephan Beck
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

The integration of genomic and epigenomic data is an increasingly popular approach for studying the complex mechanisms driving cancer development. We have developed a method for evaluating both methylation and copy number from high-density DNA methylation arrays. Comparing copy number data from Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips and SNP arrays, we demonstrate that Infinium arrays detect copy number alterations with the sensitivity of SNP platforms. These results show that high-density methylation arrays provide a robust and economic platform for detecting copy number and methylation changes in a single experiment. Our method is available in the ChAMP Bioconductor package: http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/2.13/bioc/html/ChAMP.html.
Osteochondroses in athletes.
Authors: S. Orava, K. Virtanen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

Osteochondroses are disorders of primary and secondary growth centres, or lesions at the apophyseal or epiphyseal growth areas of bones. Although there are many types of osteochondroses, the history, clinical symptoms and findings as well as radiological findings are typical. Physical exercise is one of the factors that provokes symptoms. In a series of 185 osteochondroses in active young athletes, there were 18 different disorders. The commonest were Osgood-Schlatter's disease, Sever's disease, osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyles, various other patellar osteochondroses and Scheuermann's disease. Most of the athletes were from individual events; track and field sports (53.5%), cross-country skiing (8.1%), gymnastics (3.2%) and power events (2.7%). Of the team sports soccer produced the most (20.0%). The treatment was conservative in 84.3% and operative in 15.7%. The duration of symptoms in these athletes persisted in about 43% for less than one year and in 57% for more. The late changes of osteodhondroses do not cause serious risks for a normal life, if the treatment is active and the follow-up efficient.
Functional results and visceral perception after ileo neo-rectal anastomosis in patients: a pilot study
Authors: G I Andriesse, H G Gooszen, M E I Schipper, L M A Akkermans, T J M V van Vroonhoven, C J H M van Laarhoven
Journal: Gut (2001)

To reduce pouch related complications after restorative proctocolectomy, an alternative procedure was developed, the ileo neo-rectal anastomosis (INRA). This technique consists of rectal mucosa replacement by ileal mucosa and straight ileorectal anastomosis. Our study provides a detailed description of the functional results after INRA.Eleven patients underwent an INRA procedure with a temporary ileostomy. Anorectal function tests were performed two months prior to and six and 12 months after closure of the ileostomy and comprised: anal manometry, ultrasound examination, rectal balloon distension, and transmucosal electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Function was subsequently related to the histopathology of rectal biopsy samples.Median stool frequency decreased from 15/24 hours (10-25) to 6/24 hours (4-11) at one year. All patients reported full continence. Anal sensibility, and resting and squeeze pressures did not change after INRA. Rectal compliance decreased (2.1 (0.7-2.8) v 1.5 (0.4-2.2) and 1.4 (0.8-3.7) ml/mm Hg (p=0.03)) but the maximum tolerated volume increased (70 (50-118) v 96 (39-176) (NS) and 122 (56-185) ml (p=0.03)). Decreasing rectal sensitivity was found: the maximum tolerated pressure increased (14 (8-24) v 22 (8-34) (NS) and 26 (14-40) (p=0.02)) and the rectal threshold for TENS displayed a similar tendency. All patients displayed a low grade chronic inflammatory infiltrate in neorectal biopsy samples before closure of the ileostomy, with no change during follow up.The technique of INRA provides a safe alternative for restorative surgery. Stool frequency after INRA improves with time and seems to be related to decreasing sensitivity and not to histopathological changes in the neorectum. Furthermore, after the INRA procedure, all patients reported full continence.
Explaining the Phenomenon of Nitrate Tolerance
Authors: Thomas Münzel, Andreas Daiber, Alexander Mülsch
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

During the last century, nitroglycerin has been the most commonly used antiischemic and antianginal agent. Unfortunately, after continuous application, its therapeutic efficacy rapidly vanishes. Neurohormonal activation of vasoconstrictor signals and intravascular volume expansion constitute early counter-regulatory responses (pseudotolerance), whereas long-term treatment induces intrinsic vascular changes, eg, a loss of nitrovasodilator-responsiveness (vascular tolerance). This is caused by increased vascular superoxide production and a supersensitivity to vasoconstrictors secondary to a tonic activation of protein kinase C. NADPH oxidase(s) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been proposed as superoxide sources. Superoxide and vascular NO rapidly form peroxynitrite, which aggravates tolerance by promoting NO synthase uncoupling and inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase and prostacyclin synthase. This oxidative stress concept may explain why radical scavengers and substances, which reduce oxidative stress indirectly, are able to relieve tolerance and endothelial dysfunction. Recent work has defined a new tolerance mechanism, ie, an inhibition of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme that accomplishes bioactivation of nitroglycerin, and has identified mitochondria as an additional source of reactive oxygen species. Nitroglycerin-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the bioactivation of nitroglycerin by thiol oxidation of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Both mechanisms, increased oxidative stress and impaired bioactivation of nitroglycerin, can be joined to provide a new concept for nitroglycerin tolerance and cross-tolerance. The consequences of these processes for the nitroglycerin downstream targets soluble guanylyl cyclase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterases, and toxic side effects contributing to endothelial dysfunction, such as inhibition of prostacyclin synthase, are discussed in this review.
Preinvasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Dennis C. Sgroi
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2009)

Preinvasive breast cancer accounts for approximately one-third of all newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in the United States and constitutes a spectrum of neoplastic lesions with varying degrees of differentiation and clinical behavior. High-throughput genetic, epigenetic, and gene-expression analyses have enhanced our understanding of the relationship of these early neoplastic lesions to normal breast tissue, and they strongly suggest that preinvasive breast cancer develops and evolves along two distinct molecular genetic and biological pathways that correlate with tumor grade. Although unique epigenetic and gene-expression changes are not observed in the tumor epithelial compartment during the transition from preinvasive to invasive disease, distinct molecular alterations are observed in the tumor-stromal and myoepithelial cells. This suggests that the stromal and myoepithelial microenvironment of preinvasive breast cancer actively participates in the transition from preinvasive to invasive disease. An improved understanding of the transition from preinvasive to invasive breast cancer will pave the way for novel preventative and therapeutic strategies.
Right and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sagar N. Doshi, Michael C. Kim, Samin K. Sharma, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Circulation (2002)

H ypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) af- fecting both the right and left ventricular (RV and LV) outflow tracts is rare, and the mechanism of obstruction is different in each ventricle.A 21-year-old man with a family history of HOCM and sudden death was referred with breathlessness (New York Heart Association grade II) and occasional presyncope.There had been no discharges of an implantable defibrillator inserted 2 years earlier, and the sole medication was a ␤-blocker.A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed marked, bilateral ventricular hypertrophy.Doppler revealed a 70 mm Hg LV outflow gradient and obstruction of the right outflow tract at rest.Right and left heart catheterization, with simultaneous central aortic and LV pressure recording, revealed a 100 mm Hg subaortic gradient (Figure, a) and a 75 mm Hg subpulmonic gradient at rest (Figure, b and c).Ventriculography confirmed that the obstruction of the LV outflow was due to systolic anterior mitral valve movement (Figure, d and e), whereas RV outflow obstruction was due to massive hypertrophy of the crista supraventricularis (Figure, f).
Persistent Hypertension in the Dog Following Disruption of the Carotid Sinus Nerves and Subsequent Unilateral Renal Artery Constriction
Authors: PAUL KEZDI
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Constriction of 1 renal artery in combination with disruption of the carotid sinus nerves resulted in moderate chronic hypertension in dogs. Hypertension persisted at the same level in some of the animals after removal of the kidney 1 year later, while in others blood pressure decreased somewhat though not to the prehypertensive control level. Narrowing of 1 renal artery without carotid nerve disruption did not lead to significant chronic hypertension. Disruption of the carotid sinus nerves alone, on the other hand, produced mild to moderate hypertension. Constriction of 1 renal artery, if performed several months after carotid nerve disruption, further increased the blood pressure in these animals. Tests of the carotid sinus nerves function by the occlusion reflex of the common carotids indicated a return of function several months after disruption in animals in which the carotid sinus nerves were only crushed. Hypertension persisted in these animals despite the return of the carotid sinus function. Tetraethylammonium choride given intravenously to combined carotid sinus-unilateral renal hypertensive dogs resulted in blood pressure decrease similar to that produced in normal animals. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow decreased, and filtration fraction increased in 3 dogs following production of the combined type of hypertension.
Baritosis: a benign pneumoconiosis.
Authors: A T Doig
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Baritosis is one of the benign pneumoconioses in which inhaled particulate matter lies in the lungs for years without producing symptoms, abnormal physical signs, incapacity for work, interference with lung function, or liability to develop pulmonary or bronchial infections or other thoracic disease. Owing to the high radio-opacity of barium, the discrete shadows in the chest radiograph are extremely dense. Even in the most well-marked cases with extreme profusion of the opacities, massive shadows do not occur. When exposure to barium dust ceases the opacities begin slowly to disappear. Nine cases of baritosis occurring in a small factory in which barytes was crushed, graded, and milled are described. Two of the cases occurred after only 18 and 21 month's exposure, and 9 of the 10 men employed for more than one and a half years had baritosis. Five of the affected men examined at intervals since their exposure to barytes ceased in 1964 showed marked clearing of their radiological abnormalities.
Epinephrine augments von Willebrand factor-dependent shear-induced platelet aggregation.
Authors: S Goto, Y Ikeda, M Murata, M Handa, E Takahashi, A Yoshioka, Y Fujimura, M Fukuyama, S Handa, S Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) is an important mechanism in thrombogenesis. von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) has been found to be crucial for platelet aggregation under the high shear force probably generated in stenosed coronary artery. The physiological significance of vWF-dependent SIPA has not been clarified.Blood samples were collected from 23 normal volunteers. SIPA was continuously monitored using a modified cone-plate viscometer adapted for measuring the transmitted light intensity of the material. The effects of low concentrations of epinephrine, ADP, and collagen on SIPA under both low shear (12 dyne/cm2) and high shear (108 dyne/cm2) force were investigated. All agonists tested enhanced SIPA under low shear force, whereas only epinephrine augmented SIPA under high shear force. The maximum extents of SIPA under high shear force in the absence and presence of epinephrine (10 ng/ml) were 37.9 +/- 11.5% and 59.7 +/- 13.9%, respectively. The antagonist of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor yohimbine (1 microgram/ml) antagonized the effects of epinephrine. The monoclonal antibody NMC-4 against vWF, which was shown to inhibit its binding to GP Ib, completely abolished SIPA under high shear force, even in the presence of epinephrine. However, this antibody only partially inhibited SIPA under low shear force.Our findings suggest that epinephrine is the agonist that enhances SIPA mediated by vWF through its specific receptor. This may be clinically important because occlusion of the coronary artery often occurs in stenosed atherosclerotic vessels under sympathetic stimulation.