tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Multivitamin Supplementation and Cognitive Function in Men
Authors: Francine Grodstein, Jacqueline O’Brien, Jae Hee Kang, Rimma Dushkes, Nancy R. Cook, Olivia Okereke, JoAnn E. Manson, Robert J. Glynn, Julie E. Buring, J. Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Background: Despite widespread use of multivitamin supplements, their effect on cognitive health—a critical issue with aging—remains inconclusive. To date, no long-term clinical trials have studied multivitamin use and cognitive decline in older persons. Objective: To evaluate whether long-term multivitamin supplementation affects cognitive health in later life. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a multivitamin from 1997 to 1 June 2011. The cognitive function substudy began in 1998. Up to 4 repeated cognitive assessments by telephone interview were completed over 12 years. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00270647) Setting: The Physicians’ Health Study II. Patients: 5947 male physicians aged 65 years or older. Intervention: Daily multivitamin or placebo. Measurements: A global composite score averaging 5 tests of global cognition, verbal memory, and category fluency. The secondary end point was a verbal memory score combining 4 tests of verbal memory, which is a strong predictor of Alzheimer disease. Results: No difference was found in mean cognitive change over time between the multivitamin and placebo groups or in the mean level of cognition at any of the 4 assessments. Specifically, for the global composite score, the mean difference in cognitive change over follow-up was −0.01 SU (95% CI, −0.04 to 0.02 SU) when treatment was compared with placebo. Similarly, cognitive performance did not differ between the multivitamin and placebo groups on the secondary outcome, verbal memory (mean difference in cognitive change over follow-up, −0.005 SU [CI, −0.04 to 0.03 SU]). Limitation: Doses of vitamins may be too low or the population may be too well-nourished to benefit from a multivitamin. Conclusion: In male physicians aged 65 years or older, long-term use of a daily multivitamin did not provide cognitive benefits. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health, BASF, Pfizer, and DSM Nutritional Products.
Platelet survival and turnover: Important factors in predicting response to splenectomy in immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Robert S. Siegel, Janice L. Rae, Susan Barth, R. Edward Coleman, Richard C. Reba, Roger Kurlander, Wendell F. Rosse
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Autologous indium‐111 platelet sequestration and survival studies were performed on 59 immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, 21 of whom underwent splenectomy shortly thereafter. Sequestration patterns were primarily splenic in 46 patients, primarily hepatic in 6 patients, and both splenic and hepatic in 8 patients. The mean platelet survival ranged from 15 to 211 hr (normal, 180‐220 hr), and mean platelet turnover (a measure of platelet production rate) varied from 99 platelets/μl/hr to 7,585 platelets/μl/hr (normal 1,200‐1,600 platelets/μl/hr). Among splenectomy patients, 13 had an excellent response, and 8 had a fair or poor response. Neither the pattern of platelet sequestration nor the quantity of platelet‐associated IgG was useful in predicting response to splenectomy. There was, however, a striking correlation between platelet studies showing short survival/high turnover and subsequent excellent responses to splenectomy. Conversely, patients with only moderately decreased survival and low turnover had an unpredictable response to splenectomy. This investigation demonstrates that ITP patients are a heterogeneous population and include a significant subset whose thrombocytopenia results primarily from decreased turnover. Platelet kinetic studies appear useful in predicting beneficial response to splenectomy.
TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DIETARY CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER IN RATS
Authors: Paul György, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

Dietary cirrhosis of the liver was produced in 223 rats, and then therapy of the condition attempted. Administration of lipotropic factors (casein, methionine, choline) was followed not only by reduction of fat infiltration and by regeneration of hepatic parenchyma but, by a reduction of the degree of the fibrosis. In one group of rats, comparison of sections obtained by biopsy, before treatment, with findings at necropsy, after completed therapy, indicated apparent reduction of the fibrosis and of the amount of ceroid and considerable restoration of architecture. This improvement, however, was obtained neither with complete regularity nor in a short time. In very severe cirrhosis, as a rule, the effect of a lipotropic diet was disappointing, even after prolonged treatment up to 200 to 240 days. It is assumed that factors determining prevention are beneficial only to a limited extent in treatment. The therapy of very severe cirrhosis may require the interaction of further beneficial factors (nutritional and hormonal). Best therapeutic results were obtained by the combination of an adequate amount of casein with methionine or liver extract, and by the combination of methionine with liver extract. Methionine and thiouracil, both of which, singly, are effective in the prevention of dietary hepatic cirrhosis in rats, have proved to be less effective for the therapy of cirrhosis, when administered together, than methionine given alone for the same purpose. Under identical conditions, female rats have shown greater resistance to the production of dietary hepatic cirrhosis and a more favorable response to therapeutic dietary factors, than male rats.
A “so cilia” network: cilia proteins start “social” networking
Authors: Frédéric Saudou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Cilia are unique cellular organelles found in nearly all cell types. In recent years, the importance of these organelles has been highlighted by the discovery that mutations in genes encoding proteins related to cilia biogenesis and function cause a class of complex syndromes termed ciliopathies. Emerging evidence suggests interactions among the various ciliopathy-associated proteins, but the precise mechanisms by which these interactions generate functional networks have remained elusive. In this issue of the JCI, Rachel and colleagues have now clearly linked two ciliopathy-associated proteins (CEP290 and MKKS). Surprisingly, the effects of a hypomorphic disease-causing Cep290 allele were rescued by loss of MKKS function, suggesting that it might be possible to treat some ciliopathies by fine-tuning interactions within the expanding ciliary network.
Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of Gasserian ganglion and its rootlets for trigeminal neuralgia.
Authors: R P Sengupta, R J Stunden
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Thirty-nine patients with trigeminal neuralgia, not controlled by medical treatment, were treated by radio-frequency thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion and its posterior rootlets. Thirty-six received satisfactory pain relief. In 30 patients touch sensation in the treated territory was preserved. The corneal reflex was affected in only six patients, two of whom subsequently developed keratitis. There were no other complications apart from a minor unpleasant sensation in eight patients. By selectively destroying pain fibres this technique offers the scope of preserving touch sensation in the treated area. Moreover, the zone of analgesia can be restricted to the affected region by sensory mapping through electrode stimulation before thermocoagulation. Its simplicity, low morbidity, associated short hospital stay, and the increased ability to preserve touch sensation, especially of the cornea, seem to make it preferable to other forms of surgical management for trigeminal neuralgia.
JAK2/STAT5 Inhibition Circumvents Resistance to PI3K/mTOR Blockade: A Rationale for Cotargeting These Pathways in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Adrian Britschgi, Rita Andraos, Heike Brinkhaus, Ina Klebba, Vincent Romanet, Urs Müller, Masato Murakami, Thomas Radimerski, Mohamed Bentires-Alj
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Left Ventricular Performance and Clinical Outcome after Repeat Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty
Authors: Charles J. Davidson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Brief Reports1 August 1990Left Ventricular Performance and Clinical Outcome after Repeat Balloon Aortic ValvuloplastyCharles J. Davidson, MD, J. Kevin Harrison, MD, Mark E. Leithe, MD, Katherine B. Kisslo, RDMS, Thomas M. Bashore, MDCharles J. Davidson, MDSearch for more papers by this author, J. Kevin Harrison, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Mark E. Leithe, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Katherine B. Kisslo, RDMSSearch for more papers by this author, Thomas M. Bashore, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-3-250 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe detailed baseline and acute changes in left ventricular performance characteristics during repeat balloon aortic valvuloplasty have not been evaluated relative to the initial procedure. In previous studies, acute left ventricular function hemodynamics have not been measured with even simple variables such as ejection fraction (1-3).Some patients, due to advanced age or comorbid disease, present an extraordinary risk for cardiac surgery. Despite symptomatic restenosis of a previously dilated aortic valve, repeat balloon aortic valvuloplasty therefore is being offered as palliative therapy (1-3). Although the initial procedure generally provides early symptomatic improvement (1-5), the clinical outcome of patients requiring repeat...References1. SafianBermanDiver RAD. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in 170 consecutive patients. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:125-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BlockPalacios PI. Clinical and hemodynamic follow-up after percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty in the elderly. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62:760-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BerlandCribierSavinLefebvreKoningLetac JATERB. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in patients with severe aortic stenosis and low ejection fraction. Immediate results and 1-year follow-up. Circulation. 1989;79:1189-96. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ShermanHershmanLazzamCohenAmbroseGorlin WRCMJR. Balloon valvuloplasty in adult aortic stenosis: determinants of clinical outcome. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:421-5. LinkGoogle Scholar5. DavidsonHarrisonLeitheKissloBashore CJMKT. Failure of balloon aortic valvuloplasty to result in sustained clinical improvement in patients with depressed left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65:72-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. For current author addresses, see end of text. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1990Volume 113, Issue 3Page: 250-252KeywordsAortic valveBloodCardiac surgeryEjection fractionHeartHemodynamicsLungsPalliative care Issue Published: 1 August 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
CAN BASELINE PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS PREDICT FUTURE VASCULAR REMODELING PROCESS? A COMBINED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND STUDY
Authors: Jinwei Tian, Haibo Jia, Tsunenari Soeda, Rocco Vergallo, Hang Lee, Bo Yu, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition and Occurrence of Restenosis After Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Willem E. Hellings
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Previous studies have assessed the predictive value of clinical and angiographic parameters for development of restenosis after vascular interventions. The composition of the atherosclerotic plaque at the intervention site has had limited evaluated as a marker for restenosis [corrected].To investigate the relationship between atherosclerotic plaque histology and the occurrence of restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.The Athero-Express study is a longitudinal vascular biobank study that includes the collection of atherosclerotic plaques of patients undergoing primary carotid endarterectomy. Five hundred patients were prospectively followed up between April 1, 2002, and March 14, 2006, to assess carotid artery restenosis measured by duplex ultrasound 1 year after the intervention.Risk of carotid restenosis in relation to predefined histological characteristics (macrophage and smooth muscle cell infiltration, collagen, calcifications, intraplaque bleeding, luminal thrombus, and lipid core size), adjusted for clinical characteristics (multivariate logistic regression analysis).At 1 year, 85 patients (17%) developed 50% or greater restenosis, including 40 patients (8%) who developed 70% or greater restenosis of the target vessel. Patients whose histological examination of the plaque revealed marked macrophage infiltration (n = 286) had a lower risk than those with none or minor macrophage infiltration (n = 214) of developing 50% or greater restenosis (risk difference, 11.5% vs 24.3%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.72) and a lower risk of developing 70% or greater restenosis (risk difference, 4.5% vs 12.6%; adjusted OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.74). Patients (n = 177) with a plaque having a large lipid core size (>40%) had a lower risk than those (n = 94) with a plaque having a lipid core size of less than 10% of developing 50% or greater restenosis (risk difference, 11.3% vs 25.5%; adjusted OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19-0.81) and a lower risk of developing 70% or greater restenosis (risk difference, 5.6% vs 14.9%; adjusted OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.17-1.04), independent of clinical characteristics.Plaque composition is an independent predictor of restenosis after carotid endarterectomy. The dissection of a lipid-rich, inflammatory plaque is associated with reduced risk of restenosis.
Preservation of Isolated Heart for 72 Hours
Authors: E. Proctor, R. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Isolated hearts of dogs have been preserved in a viable condition for 72 hours with hypothermic perfusion (5 degrees C.) at normal atmospheric pressure. On removal and connexion to the femoral artery and vein of another dog these hearts beat strongly and without failing until removed after six hours. In mechanical function and histological appearance they were virtually identical with control hearts. The most useful criterion of viability of the quiescent myocardium during storage was the change in coronary resistance with time of perfusion.
Short-term Associations between Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and Hospitalizations in Southern Europe: Results from the MED-PARTICLES Project
Authors: Massimo Stafoggia, Evangelia Samoli, Ester Alessandrini, Ennio Cadum, Bart Ostro, Giovanna Berti, Annunziata Faustini, Benedicte Jacquemin, Cristina Linares, Mathilde Pascal, Giorgia Randi, Andrea Ranzi, Elisa Stivanello, Francesco Forastiere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Evidence on the short-term effects of fine and coarse particles on morbidity in Europe is scarce and inconsistent.We aimed to estimate the association between daily concentrations of fine and coarse particles with hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions in eight Southern European cities, within the MED-PARTICLES project.City-specific Poisson models were fitted to estimate associations of daily concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤ 10 μm (PM10), and their difference (PM2.5-10) with daily counts of emergency hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. We derived pooled estimates from random-effects meta-analysis and evaluated the robustness of results to co-pollutant exposure adjustment and model specification. Pooled concentration-response curves were estimated using a meta-smoothing approach.We found significant associations between all PM fractions and cardiovascular admissions. Increases of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5, 6.3 μg/m3 in PM2.5-10, and 14.4 μg/m3 in PM10 (lag 0-1 days) were associated with increases in cardiovascular admissions of 0.51% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.90%), 0.46% (95% CI: 0.10, 0.82%), and 0.53% (95% CI: 0.06, 1.00%), respectively. Stronger associations were estimated for respiratory hospitalizations, ranging from 1.15% (95% CI: 0.21, 2.11%) for PM10 to 1.36% (95% CI: 0.23, 2.49) for PM2.5 (lag 0-5 days).PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were positively associated with cardiovascular and respiratory admissions in eight Mediterranean cities. Information on the short-term effects of different PM fractions on morbidity in Southern Europe will be useful to inform European policies on air quality standards.
HYPERSENSITIVITY IN NEWBORN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: S. B. Salvin, M. B. Gregg, R. F. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Neonatal guinea pigs during the first 2 weeks of life did not indicate the presence of delayed hypersensitivity intradermally, after sensitization with purified soluble antigens in dose levels that induced detectable delayed hypersensitivity in the skin of adults. Although Arthus type allergy was detectable in newborns, circulating antibody frequently preceded its appearance by several days. Passive Arthus reactions were not produced in newborns as readily as in adults. Contact hypersensitivity and allergic encephalomyelitis were induced in newborns, but corneal reactions were not. Total body irradiation with 200 r inhibited antibody formation in newborns, as in adults. In addition, the induction period for anamnestic responses in newborns and the antigen elimination rate were the same as in adults. Passive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity from sensitized newborns to normal adults was accomplished.
Effects of β2-agonist on the Productions of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by Mononuclear Cells from patients with asthma
Authors: T. Yamaguchi, Y. Takaku, K. Nakagome, T. Soma, K. Hagiwara, M. Kanazawa, M. Nagata
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Retransplantation of scarce organs: the ethical lessons
Authors: R. McMasters
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —In a recent article, Dr Ubel and colleagues 1 argue that candidates for liver retransplant should receive a lower priority than candidates for primary transplant because of reduced 1-year survival.  Looking at data in the aggregate may obscure important heterogeneities in retransplant candidates. For instance, Mora et al 2 divided retransplant candidates into two groups—nonelective and elective. They found that there was no statistically significant difference in actuarial survival between patients who received elective retransplants and primary transplants; however, both groups did much better than the nonelective retransplant group. Elective retransplants were usually performed because of chronic rejection or hepatic artery thrombosis, whereas nonelective transplants often followed primary graft failure or acute rejection.  Another possible heterogeneity applies to age group. For instance, although the data of Saito et al 3 show a survival difference between first and second transplants, the difference is much less pronounced in children
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 19 Deletions Predict Complete Regression of Multiple Intracranial Metastases in Two Cases of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Erlotinib
Authors: Giovanni Benedetti, Luciano Latini, Domenico Galetta, Giuseppe Colucci, Lucio Crinò
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
NEJM “failed its readers” by delay in publishing its concerns about VIGOR trial
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The New England Journal of Medicine has been accused of failing its readers and damaging its reputation over a study involving the drug rofecoxib (Vioxx).

The journal waited five years to publish its concerns about the study's findings, says an editorial published online ahead of print publication in August in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (www.jrsm.org). Had it done so earlier, says the editorial, the dangers of the drug, which was later withdrawn, might have been highlighted sooner.

“The way that the journal has behaved in the dispute around the VIGOR [Vioxx gastrointestinal outcomes research] trial, which was the making of Merck's drug rofecoxib (Vioxx), has raised doubts about its integrity and dovetailed with a growing anxiety about the ethics of medical journals,” the editorial says. …
PWE-135 Hepatitis E: An Emerging Infection in North East of Scotland?
Authors: S S Salunke, A C Hunt, R B Laing, A R MacKenzie, B Vijayan, A Fraser, A Mukhopadhya
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is enterically transmitted and is endemic in some areas of the world. In the UK it was generally thought to be associated with travel but infection in those with no history of travel outside the UK has recently been recognised.[1] We reviewed data of patients with serologically proven acute HEV infection in North East of Scotland. <h3>Methods</h3> The Regional Virology database was interrogated to identify all patients who had serological testing for acute HEV infection {anti-HEV IgM antibody [recomWell ELISA kits (Mikrogen)]} between March 2011 and November 2012. Casenote review was performed in those with positive serology. Presenting features and clinical course were recorded in addition to demographics, occupation, travel history, biochemical abnormalities, imaging and liver biopsy results. <h3>Results</h3> There were 105 patients who had serological testing for evidence of acute HEV infection and 12 (11%) yielded positive IgM results, with HEV RNA detectable in 10/12 (83%) using an in-house real time RT-PCR assay. Of the 12 confirmed cases, 10 (83%) were male and median age was 54.5 years. There was no history of travel outwith the UK in 7 (60%). Presentation was with flu like illness in 75% and clinically detectable jaundice was present in 66%. Hospitalisation was needed in 83%. All patients had a significant transaminitis, median ALT 1487 IU/L (range 117–5645). The ALT to AST ratio was greater than 1. Serological screening for other causes of acute hepatitis was negative. IgA was elevated in 58% cases. Imaging was normal in 6 (50%), with fatty change in 3 (25%) and calculi confined to the gall bladder alone in 4 (33%) cases. Two patients underwent liver biopsy to exclude pre-existing liver disease. In both the features noted were consistent with viral liver injury. All patients had spontaneous clinical and biochemical resolution with median time to normalisation of ALT of 6 (range 4–26) weeks. One patient developed both clinical and biochemical thyrotoxicosis which resolved spontaneously with resolution of HEV-associated clinical symptoms. Of interest, during the same study period 6 cases of acute Hepatitis B and 3 cases of acute Hepatitis A infection were diagnosed in our region. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our region, prevalence of HEV related acute hepatitis is higher than previously perceived and appears to be more common than acute Hepatitis A and B. Acquisition of HEV infection occurs in the UK often without travel history or obvious source of infection. Therefore, we suggest routine testing for HEV in patients with significant transaminitis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Kamar N, Bendall R, Legrand-Abravanel F<i>, et al</i>. Hepatitis E.<i> The Lancet</i>; <b>379</b>(9835):2477–2488.