tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Septic arthritis in Iceland 1990-2002: increasing incidence due to iatrogenic infections
Authors: A J Geirsson, S Statkevicius, A Vikingsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To assess the impact of increased number of diagnostic and therapeutic joint procedures on the incidence and type of septic arthritis (SA). <h3>Methods:</h3> All cases of SA in Iceland from 1990–2002 were identified by thorough review of the available medical information. The results of synovial fluid cultures from every microbiology department in Iceland were checked and positive culture results reviewed, as well as patient charts with a discharge diagnosis of septic arthritis (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) code M009). <h3>Results:</h3> A total of 253 cases of SA (69 children and 184 adults) were diagnosed in Iceland in 1990–2002, giving an average incidence of 7.1 cases/100 000 inhabitants. The incidence of SA increased from 4.2 cases/100 000 in 1990 to 11.0 cases/100 000 in 2002. This rise in SA was primarily observed in adults where the incidence rose by 0.61 cases/100 000 per year (p&lt;0.001). SA was iatrogenic in 41.8% of adults and the number of iatrogenic infections increased from 2.8 cases/year in 1990–1994 to 9.0 cases/year in 1998–2002 (p&lt;0.01). The annual number of arthroscopies increased from 430 in 1990–1994 to 2303 in 1998–2002 (p&lt;0.001) and there was a correlation between the total usage of intra-articular drugs in Iceland and the incidence of SA (p&lt;0.01). The frequency of post-arthroscopy SA was 0.14% and post-arthrocentesis SA 0.037%. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The incidence of SA has increased in recent years due to an increased number of arthroscopies and joint injections. Although the frequency of SA per procedure has not changed, these results emphasise the importance of sterile technique and firm indications for joint procedures.
A Combined Epidemiologic and Metabolomic Approach Improves CKD Prediction
Authors: Eugene P. Rhee, Clary B. Clish, Anahita Ghorbani, Martin G. Larson, Sammy Elmariah, Elizabeth McCabe, Qiong Yang, Susan Cheng, Kerry Pierce, Amy Deik, Amanda L. Souza, Laurie Farrell, Carly Domos, Robert W. Yeh, Igor Palacios, Kenneth Rosenfield, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Jose C. Florez, Thomas J. Wang, Caroline S. Fox, Robert E. Gerszten
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Metabolomic approaches have begun to catalog the metabolic disturbances that accompany CKD, but whether metabolite alterations can predict future CKD is unknown. We performed liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry–based metabolite profiling on plasma from 1434 participants in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) who did not have CKD at baseline. During the following 8 years, 123 individuals developed CKD, defined by an estimated GFR of <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Numerous metabolites were associated with incident CKD, including 16 that achieved the Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of P≤0.00023. To explore how the human kidney modulates these metabolites, we profiled arterial and renal venous plasma from nine individuals. Nine metabolites that predicted CKD in the FHS cohort decreased more than creatinine across the renal circulation, suggesting that they may reflect non–GFR-dependent functions, such as renal metabolism and secretion. Urine isotope dilution studies identified citrulline and choline as markers of renal metabolism and kynurenic acid as a marker of renal secretion. In turn, these analytes remained associated with incident CKD in the FHS cohort, even after adjustment for eGFR, age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and proteinuria at baseline. Addition of a multimarker metabolite panel to clinical variables significantly increased the c-statistic (0.77–0.83, P<0.0001); net reclassification improvement was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.95; P<0.0001). Thus, the addition of metabolite profiling to clinical data may significantly improve the ability to predict whether an individual will develop CKD by identifying predictors of renal risk that are independent of estimated GFR.
The prevalence and spectrum of colonic lesions in patients with cirrhotic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension
Authors: Siddarth Ganguly, Shiv K. Sarin, Vivek Bhatia, Deepak Lahoti
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Portal hypertension diffusely affects the gastrointestinal tract. The frequency and profile of distinct colonic mucosal lesions (portal colopathy) and rectal varices (RV; veins > 4 cm above the anal verge) is not well studied. Fifty consecutive patients with portal hypertension (25 with cirrhosis, 10 with noncirrhotic portal fibrosis [NCPF], and 15 with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction [EHPVO]) were assessed clinically and by upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Colorectal lesions were seen in 35 (70%) patients, significantly more often in bleeders than in nonbleeders. Rectal varices were detected in 22 (44%) patients; larger and more often seen in EHPVO (80%) than in cirrhosis (28%) and NCPF (30%) (P < .01) patients. Portal colopathy was seen in 26 (52%) patients, with nearly similar frequency in cirrhotics, NCPF, and EHPVO patients. Previous sclerotherapy or presence of gastric varices had little influence on the development of these lesions. An association (P < .01) was, however, seen between the presence of colopathy and portal gastropathy. Overt bleeding was seen in 8% and 4% of patients with RV and colopathy, respectively. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that colorectal lesions are present in about two thirds of patients with portal hypertension. Patients with portal hypertension and lower GI bleeding should be colonoscoped. Patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction may in turn benefit from baseline sigmoidoscopic examination to define the presence and size of rectal varices.
Dithiolethiones Inhibit NF-κB Activity via Covalent Modification in Human Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Christopher H. Switzer, Robert Y.-S. Cheng, Lisa A. Ridnour, Margaret C. Murray, Valerio Tazzari, Anna Sparatore, Piero Del Soldato, Harry B. Hines, Sharon A. Glynn, Stefan Ambs, David A. Wink
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The NF-κB transcription factor family influences breast cancer outcomes by regulating genes involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Dithiolethiones, a class of naturally occurring compounds with cancer chemoprevention effects that have become clinically available, have been found to inhibit NF-κB activity. However, the mechanism of this inhibition has not been identified, and the influence of dithiolethines on NF-κB pathway in breast cancer cells has not been examined. Here, we investigated the chemical and biochemical effects of dithiolethione on NF-κB and downstream effector molecules in estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer cells and murine tumor xenografts. The dithiolethiones ACS-1 and ACS-2 inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity. Interestingly, this inhibition was not due to H2S release or protein phosphatase 2A activation, which are key properties of dithiolethiones, but occurred via a covalent reaction with the NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits to inhibit DNA binding. Dithiolethione-mediated inhibition of NF-κB–regulated genes resulted in the inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and VEGF production. ACS-1 also inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, cellular migration, and invasion, and ACS-2 reduced tumor burden and resulted in increased tumor host interactions. Together, our findings suggest that dithiolethiones show potential clinical use for estrogen negative breast cancer as a chemotherapeutic or adjuvant therapy. Cancer Res; 72(9); 2394–404. ©2012 AACR.
Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease on the basis of clinical and genetic classification: a population-based modelling study
Authors: Mike A Nalls, Cory Y McLean, Jacqueline Rick, Shirley Eberly, Samantha J Hutten, Katrina Gwinn, Margaret Sutherland, Maria Martinez, Peter Heutink, Nigel M Williams, John Hardy, Thomas Gasser, Alexis Brice, T Ryan Price, Aude Nicolas, Margaux F Keller, Cliona Molony, J Raphael Gibbs, Alice Chen-Plotkin, Eunran Suh, Christopher Letson, Massimo S Fiandaca, Mark Mapstone, Howard J Federoff, Alastair J Noyce, Huw Morris, Vivianna M Van Deerlin, Daniel Weintraub, Cyrus Zabetian, Dena G Hernandez, Suzanne Lesage, Meghan Mullins, Emily Drabant Conley, Carrie A M Northover, Mark Frasier, Ken Marek, Aaron G Day-Williams, David J Stone, John P A Ioannidis, Andrew B Singleton
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2015)
THE ORIGIN OF ISCHAEMIC CONTRACTURE
Authors: A. S. B. Bankart
Journal: BMJ (1928)

This letter is not wriitten primarily to acquaint the profession with the way in which the War Emiiergency Funid has been administered, but to tell the story of the wonderful, long-conitinued, unobstrusive, self-sacrificing labours of two members of the comlmiittee who investigated, visited, iiiterviewed, and coirresponded with applicants for granits.Their recommendations were almost invariably accepted by the committee, and without
Metabolic Imaging: A Link between Lactate Dehydrogenase A, Lactate, and Tumor Phenotype
Authors: Inna Serganova, Asif Rizwan, Xiaohui Ni, Sunitha B. Thakur, Jelena Vider, James Russell, Ronald Blasberg, Jason A. Koutcher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: We compared the metabolic profiles and the association between LDH-A expression and lactate production in two isogenic murine breast cancer cell lines and tumors (67NR and 4T1). These cell lines were derived from a single mammary tumor and have different growth and metabolic phenotypes. Experimental Design: LDH-A expression, lactate concentration, glucose utilization, and oxygen consumption were measured in cells, and the potential relationship between tumor lactate levels [measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI)] and tumor glucose utilization [measured by [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET)] was assessed in orthotopic breast tumors derived from these cell lines. Results: We show a substantial difference in LDH-A expression between 67NR and 4T1 cells under normoxia and hypoxia. We also show that small orthotopic 4T1 tumors generate 10-fold more lactate than corresponding 67NR tumors. The high lactate levels in small primary 4T1 tumors are associated with intense pimonidazole staining (a hypoxia indicator). Less-intense hypoxia staining was observed in the larger 67NR tumors and is consistent with the gradual increase and plateau of lactate concentration in enlarging 67NR tumors. Conclusions: Lactate-MRSI has a greater dynamic range than [18F]FDG-PET and may be a more sensitive measure with which to evaluate the aggressive and metastatic potential of primary breast tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(19); 6250–61. ©2011 AACR.
A New Quality Standard: The Integration of Psychosocial Care Into Routine Cancer Care
Authors: Paul B. Jacobsen, Lynne I. Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

There is a growing consensus that psychosocial care should be integrated into the routine care of patients with cancer. This consensus is consistent with the considerable body of evidence about the deleterious effects of allowing psychosocial needs to remain unmet and the growing body of evidence about the beneficial effects of providing psychosocial services to address unmet needs. Despite this evidence, available data suggest that a considerable portion of the population of patients with cancer does not receive needed psychosocial care. Three lines of professional activity initiated in recent years have the potential to address this issue in fundamental ways: the formulation of standards of cancer care that address the psychosocial component of care, the issuance of clinical practice guidelines for psychosocial care of patients with cancer, and the development and implementation of measurable indicators of the quality of psychosocial care in oncology settings. This article provides an overview of accomplishments in each of these areas; it is designed to ensure that oncologists and other cancer treatment providers are knowledgeable about current standards for psychosocial care, existing consensus- and evidenced-based recommendations for clinical practice in this area, and resources and tools for evaluating and, if indicated, improving the quality of the psychosocial care their patients are receiving. The article concludes with a critical appraisal of these activities and a consideration of how current efforts might be enhanced.
Prediction of metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to maximum cycle ergometry: a randomised study
Authors: JA Neder, LE Nery, A Castelo, S Andreoni, MC Lerario, A Sachs, AC Silva, BJ Whipp
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

All of the most widely-cited studies for the prediction of maximum exercise responses have utilized either volunteers or referred subjects. Therefore, selection bias, with overestimation of the reference values, is a likely consequence. In order to establish a set of predictive equations for the gas exchange, ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to maximum ramp-incremental cycle ergometry, this study prospectively evaluated 120 sedentary individuals (60 males, 60 females, aged 20-80), randomly-selected from &gt;8,000 subjects. Regular physical activity pattern by questionnaire, body composition by anthropometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (n = 75) and knee strength by isokinetic dynamometry were also assessed. Previously reported equations typically overestimated the subjects' peak oxygen uptake (p&lt;0.05). Prediction linear equations for the main variables of clinical interest were established by backward stepwise regression analysis including: sex, age, knee extensor peak torque, bone-free lean leg mass, total and lean body mass, height, and physical activity scores. Reference intervals (95% confidence limits) were calculated: some of these values differed markedly from those formerly recommended. The results therefore might provide a more appropriate frame of reference for interpretation of the responses to symptom-limited ramp incremental cycle ergometry in sedentary subjects; i.e. those usually referred for clinical cardiopulmonary exercise tests.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Quinacrine for the Treatment of HBsAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Henry C. Bodenheimer, Fenton Schaffner, Salvatore Vernace, Shalom Z. Hirschman, Judith D. Goldberg, Thomas Chalmers
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Several drugs which react with DNA decrease hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA polymerase activity in vitro. Because such an alteration of viral replication, if produced in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis, may lead to elimination of viral infection, we conducted a controlled trial of the use of the intercalating agent, quinacrine hydrochloride, in treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis. No patient converted from HBsAg positive to negative during the trial and no consistent effect on HBV DNA polymerase activity was noted. Following treatment, elevated transaminase values and alterations of HBV markers were observed in several patients. Fluctuations of transaminase values and HBV markers may reflect alterations in host immunity and viral replication. Quinacrine alone is ineffective in therapy of chronic HBV infection. Additional study with intercalating agents, perhaps in conjunction with other drugs, is suggested.
Potential Difference Measurements in the Lower Airway of Children with and without Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Jane C. Davies, Michael Davies, Donna McShane, Stephen Smith, Sharon Chadwick, Adam Jaffe, Raymond Farley, Louise Collins, Andrew Bush, Michael Scallon, John Pepper, Duncan M. Geddes, Eric W. F. W. Alton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Nasal potential difference measurements are valuable endpoint assays in clinical studies of novel treatments for cystic fibrosis (CF). Similar measurements made on the lower airway via the bronchoscope have been successful in adults, but have not been reported in children, the group most likely to benefit from such therapies. Here we report the design and validation of a small, single-lumen catheter technique allowing baseline potential difference and chloride secretion to be assessed in the distal airways of children as young as 1 year of age. Tracheal baseline values were significantly higher in children with CF than those without, although this was not the case more distally. In airways between the third and seventh generation, perfusion with a zero chloride solution containing isoprenaline led to a significant change in potential difference in children without CF, whereas no change was seen in those with CF. This measure provided a reliable distinguishing test between the two disease groups. We confirm that invasive bronchoscopic techniques can be performed safely and reliably in small children. Potential difference measurements could form a useful functional endpoint assay for future studies of either the CFTR gene or protein-based therapies in future trials in the pediatric age group.
Development and validation of a new high-throughput method to investigate the clonality of HTLV-1-infected cells based on provirus integration sites
Authors: Sanaz Firouzi, Yosvany López, Yutaka Suzuki, Kenta Nakai, Sumio Sugano, Tadanori Yamochi, Toshiki Watanabe
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

Transformation and clonal proliferation of T-cells infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) cause adult T-cell leukemia. We took advantage of next-generation sequencing technology to develop and internally validate a new methodology for isolating integration sites and estimating the number of cells in each HTLV-1-infected clone (clone size). Initial analysis was performed with DNA samples from infected individuals. We then used appropriate controls with known integration sites and clonality status to confirm the accuracy of our system, which indeed had the least errors among the currently available techniques. Results suggest potential clinical and biological applications of the new method.
Stability of behavioral traits within the framework of neural plasticity
Authors: Richard A. Depue
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Lifelines supports the theme that behavioral development is a fluid, life-long phenomenon. In contrast, many emotional and cognitive traits are subject to strong genetic influence, and are highly stable over many years. The manner in which neuroplasticity and trait stability cooccur needs to be modeled. An outline of such a model is provided to promote discussion of this complex issue.
Survival Improvement among Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: HERWIG-ULF MEIER-KRIESCHE, AKINLOLU O. OJO, FRIEDRICH K. PORT, JULIE A. ARNDORFER, DIANE M. CIBRIK, BRUCE KAPLAN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Both transplant and dialysis outcomes have improved over recent years. In addition, transplantation has been shown to confer a survival benefit over maintenance dialysis. The study presented here addresses the question of whether the survival benefit of transplantation over maintenance dialysis has changed in the most recent eras. This study was based on data collected by the United States Renal Transplant Scientific Registry and the United States Renal Data System. The study sample consisted of 104,000 patients placed on the renal transplant waiting list between 1988 and 1996, of which 73,707 subsequently received renal transplants. The annualized adjusted mortality rates per 1000 patient-years were calculated by calendar year of placement on the renal transplant waiting list and for kidney transplant recipients. The resulting data were plotted, and linear curve fitting was used to estimate the slope of the change of the adjusted mortality rates by year during the period studied, 1988 to 1996. Overall annual adjusted death rates in the wait-listed patients and transplant recipients per 1000 patient-years decreased for both groups throughout the study period. From 1989 to 1996, the relative risk (RR) for patient death had decreased by 30% for transplant recipients and 23% for wait-listed patients (RR = 0.70 and 0.77; P < 0.0001 each). Slope analysis of the cause-specific mortality rates for cardiovascular disease and infection showed nearly equivalent, linear decreases for both groups. Mortality rates have improved overall and by categories of major cause of death for both renal transplant recipients and patients on the renal transplant waiting list. These favorable trends most likely represent equal advances in transplantation, dialysis, and general medical care.
The Diagnosis of Diphtheria
Authors: H. B. Donkin
Journal: BMJ (1900)

DIAGNOSIS OF DIPHTHERIA.TM 3a= 303 with his left hand most other sinistral accomplishments will be added unto him.In our own manifold profession ambi- dexterity is a great equipment.In laryngoscopy, in ophthal- moscopy, in palpation, in percussion, and in examinations per via8 naturale8 it is useful.Ambidexterity would prevent mainy occupation pareses.It would tend to a more equal use, and to an alternative and reciprocally resting use, of the two sides of the brain.It might prevent, or belp in the cure, of, some cases of hemicrania.Perhaps it might prevent some cases of hemiplegia.
Cardiac autonomic alterations impact early and late outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Stefano Aliberti, Eleonora Tobaldini, Vanessa Nunziata, Giulia Suigo, Fabio Giuliani, Alice D'Adda, Giulia Bonaiti, Francesca Belloni, Andrea Roveda, Alberto Pesci, Francesco Blasi, Nicola Montano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The role of cardiac autonomic control (CAC) in the development of cardiovascular events (CVE) and adverse outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has not been yet investigated. To evaluate the impact of alteration of CAC on early and late outcomes, including CVE, in CAP. Consecutive patients hospitalized at two university hospitals from Sept. 2011 to Jan. 2013 for CAP were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent 15' registration of ECG and respiration within 24 hours after admission. CAC was assessed using linear spectral (SP) and non-linear symbolic (SY) analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). SP evaluates rhythmical components of HRV, identifying three oscillations: very low (VLF), low (LF) and high (HF) frequency components. LF and HF are markers of sympathetic and vagal modulation, respectively. SY identifies 0V% and 2UV%, indices of sympathetic and vagal modulation, respectively. HRV indices were correlated with time to reach clinical stability (TCS) and a combined adverse outcome, including either CVE or mortality, during hospitalization. Fifty-eight patients (33 males; median age: 74 yrs) were enrolled. Patients with a TCS>3 days (n=38) showed a smaller VLF component on admission compared to patients with a TCS≤3 days (p= 0.03). Patients with adverse outcome (n=7) had lower LFnu (p=0.02) and higher 2UV% (p=0.002) values compared to patients without an adverse outcome. No other HRV indices were correlated with both outcomes. CAP patients with lower VLF on admission show a longer TCS during hospitalization. A predominant parasympathetic modulation and a reduced sympathetic oscillation on admission are predictors of adverse outcomes in CAP patients.