tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic control of resistance to street rabies virus in mice.
Authors: D L Lodmell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Resistance to intraperitoneally inoculated street rabies virus (SRV) in mice was shown to be under genetic control. SJL/J, CBA/J, DBA/2J, and BALB/cAn mice were resistant, whereas A/WySn/J and A.SW/SnJ mice were susceptible. In addition, female mice of the resistant BALB/cAn and DBA/2J strains were more resistant than their male counterparts. Resistance was not controlled solely by the major histocompatibility locus because susceptible A.SW/SnJ and resistant SJL/J mice have the same H-2S haplotype. Challenge of F1 hybrids produced by crossing resistant and susceptible strains indicated resistance was dominant (97% survivors). Inoculation of backcross mice produced by mating F1 hybrids with susceptible parents showed that one and/or two genes controlled susceptibility. Furthermore, inoculation of SRV obtained from six different animals indicated that differences in strain susceptibilities were not dependent on the SRV isolate. Genetic control of resistance to SRV was, however, abrogated by intracerebral inoculation of virus. Resistant strains of mice were detected that either remained asymptomatic or, in contrast, developed signs of clinical disease, but disease failed to progress and they survived. The recognition of resistant and susceptible strains of mice, differences in female-male resistance within the same resistant strain, as well as dissimilar clinical responses in different resistant mouse strains to intraperitoneally inoculated SRV provide promising probes for investigation of host resistance and mechanisms for survival after onset of clinical rabies.
INHIBITION BY PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF THE ACTION OF SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS ON BACTERIA
Authors: Zelma Baker, R. W. Harrison, Benjamin F. Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. Lecithin, cephalin, and sphingomyelin prevent the inhibition of bacterial metabolism which is caused by synthetic anionic and cationic detergents. The phospholipids must be added either before or simultaneously with the detergent. Addition after the detergent is without effect. Bacteria still exhibit this phenomenon after they have been exposed to the phospholipid and thoroughly washed. 2. A similar action of the phospholipids has been demonstrated towards the bactericidal compounds isolated by Dubos and Hoogerheide from soil bacteria. There is very little effect with bactericidal mercury compounds. 3. The effect of lecithin against the bactericidal action of synthetic detergents was also determined. It was found that germicidal quantities of the detergents were not effective in the presence of the phospholipids.
Slit Diaphragms Contain Tight Junction Proteins
Authors: Hirotaka Fukasawa, Scott Bornheimer, Krystyna Kudlicka, Marilyn G. Farquhar
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Slit diaphragms are essential components of the glomerular filtration apparatus, as changes in these junctions are the hallmark of proteinuric diseases. Slit diaphragms, considered specialized adherens junctions, contain both unique membrane proteins (e.g., nephrin, podocin, and Neph1) and typical adherens junction proteins (e.g., P-cadherin, FAT, and catenins). Whether slit diaphragms also contain tight junction proteins is unknown. Here, immunofluorescence, immunogold labeling, and cell fractionation demonstrated that rat slit diaphragms contain the tight junction proteins JAM-A (junctional adhesion molecule A), occludin, and cingulin. We found these proteins in the same protein complexes as nephrin, podocin, CD2AP, ZO-1, and Neph1 by cosedimentation, coimmunoprecipitation, and pull-down assays. PAN nephrosis increased the protein levels of JAM-A, occludin, cingulin, and ZO-1 several-fold in glomeruli and loosened their attachment to the actin cytoskeleton. These data extend current information about the molecular composition of slit diaphragms by demonstrating the presence of tight junction proteins, although slit diaphragms lack the characteristic morphologic features of tight junctions. The contribution of these proteins to the assembly of slit diaphragms and potential signaling cascades requires further investigation.
Adalimumab effectiveness for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis is maintained for up to 2 years: long-term results from the ATLAS trial
Authors: D van der Heijde, M H Schiff, J Sieper, A J Kivitz, R L Wong, H Kupper, B A C Dijkmans, P J Mease, J C Davis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To determine the long-term effect of adalimumab on patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who participated in the Adalimumab Trial Evaluating Long-Term Efficacy and Safety in AS (ATLAS), a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, 24-week trial. <h3>Methods:</h3> Patients received adalimumab 40 mg every other week (eow) or placebo for 24 weeks in ATLAS. At week 24, patients were switched to open-label adalimumab 40 mg eow. Efficacy measures included 20% improvement in the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria (ASAS20), ASAS40 and ASAS partial remission responses and changes in individual components of the ASAS20 response evaluations, for example, Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Two-year interim data were analysed based on the total duration of adalimumab exposure, irrespective of the treatment randomisation group. <h3>Results:</h3> At 2 years, 255 (82.0%) of the original 311 ATLAS patients continued receiving adalimumab treatment. Improvements in ASAS responses observed in ATLAS were sustained during long-term treatment; 64.5% (200/310) were ASAS20 responders, 50.6% (157/310) were ASAS40 responders and 33.5% (104/310) had maintained ASAS-defined partial remission. Changes in individual ASAS response components were sustained or improved during long-term adalimumab treatment. From ATLAS baseline to 2 years of adalimumab exposure, respectively, BASDAI improved from 6.3 (SD 1.7) to 2.4 (SD 2.3) and BASFI improved from 5.2 (SD 2.4) to 2.9 (SD 2.5). Adalimumab was well tolerated. No cases of tuberculosis, congestive heart failure, lupus-like symptoms, or demyelinating disease were reported. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Adalimumab reduced the signs and symptoms of AS and induced partial remission for up to 2 years. The long-term safety profile was similar to the short-term safety profile. <h3>Trial registration information:</h3> NCT00085644
Visualization of the Bile Ducts and Portal Venous System
Authors: J. Edward Berk
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The bile ducts and the portal venous system may be roentgenologically visualized by a variety of methods which vary in degree of complexity, risk, and extent of the ductal or portal system that may be delineated. Through their use, areas hitherto incapable of being demonstrated may now be seen and information of great value obtained.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by a smut fungus Ustilago esculenta.
Authors: K Yoshida, M Suga, H Yamasaki, K Nakamura, T Sato, M Kakishima, J A Dosman, M Ando
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Abstract A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by a smut fungus Ustilago esculenta is presented.
BMA's resistance to the government's proposals
Authors: F. De Zulueta
Journal: BMJ (1990)

as considerable effort may be needed to collect the data and final diagnoses necessary to build a database from which the likelihood ratios are derived.It is certainly necessary to test any decision aid on unseen data, but I disagree that this is the "acid test of any predictive system."The crucial question is surely how the system influences clinical decisions and patient outcomes, which can be shown only in a field trial.For example, although the study showed a close correlation between the model's predictions and reality, would the decisions of system users be as well calibrated or might they ignore its advice until it crossed some arbitrary threshold?The authors suggest putting their scoring system on a microcomputer, but a recent trial of an expert system for scoring chest pain-ACORN- at Westminster Hospital' showed that ease of access to the system is central to whether it is used.Perhaps the scoring system should be implemented on a programmable calculator that can be carried in the pocket of a white coat.The distinctions between knowledge based and statistical approaches to building decision aids have certainly been overemphasised.Lauritzen and Spiegelhalter have recently developed a tech- nique called causal probabilistic networks,4 which combine a human problem solving approach with rigorous probability propagation.These systems may be the ultimate bridge builder between arti- ficial intelligence and statistics.
Risk of a Thrombotic Event after the 6-Week Postpartum Period
Authors: Hooman Kamel, Babak B. Navi, Nandita Sriram, Dominic A. Hovsepian, Richard B. Devereux, Mitchell S.V. Elkind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The postpartum state is associated with a substantially increased risk of thrombosis. It is uncertain to what extent this heightened risk persists beyond the conventionally defined 6-week postpartum period.Using claims data on all discharges from nonfederal emergency departments and acute care hospitals in California, we identified women who were hospitalized for labor and delivery between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2010. We used validated diagnosis codes to identify a composite primary outcome of ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, or venous thromboembolism. We then used conditional logistic regression to assess each patient's likelihood of a first thrombotic event during sequential 6-week periods after delivery, as compared with the corresponding 6-week period 1 year later.Among the 1,687,930 women with a first recorded delivery, 1015 had a thrombotic event (248 cases of stroke, 47 cases of myocardial infarction, and 720 cases of venous thromboembolism) in the period of 1 year plus up to 24 weeks after delivery. The risk of primary thrombotic events was markedly higher within 6 weeks after delivery than in the same period 1 year later, with 411 events versus 38 events, for an absolute risk difference of 22.1 events (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.6 to 24.6) per 100,000 deliveries and an odds ratio of 10.8 (95% CI, 7.8 to 15.1). There was also a modest but significant increase in risk during the period of 7 to 12 weeks after delivery as compared with the same period 1 year later, with 95 versus 44 events, for an absolute risk difference of 3.0 events (95% CI, 1.6 to 4.5) per 100,000 deliveries and an odds ratio of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.1). Risks of thrombotic events were not significantly increased beyond the first 12 weeks after delivery.Among patients in our study, an elevated risk of thrombosis persisted until at least 12 weeks after delivery. However, the absolute increase in risk beyond 6 weeks after delivery was low. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.).
STUDIES OF DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN IN RHEUMATIC FEVER SUBJECTS: ANALYSIS OF REACTIONS TO THE SCHICK TEST AND OF ANTITOXIN RESPONSES FOLLOWING HYPERIMMUNIZATION WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXOID
Authors: William J. Kuhns, Maclyn McCarty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

The importance of group A hemolytic streptococcal infections in the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever is widely recognized, but little is known of the mechanism by which the streptococcal infection gives rise to the disease. The concept that an antigen-antibody interaction may be involved in the origin of the pathologic processes has received increasing attention, and recent antibody studies (1, 2) provide suggestive evidence in support of this point of view. For example, studies in several laboratories dealing with a variety of streptococcal antigens have demonstrated that the mean antibody response of a group of rheumatic fever patients to these antigens is greater than that of a comparable group of patients with uncomplicated streptococcal disease (3-6). In view of these findings, it is of importance to determine whether the hyperreactivity of rheumatic subjects is limited to antigens derived from the streptococcus or is a reflection of a fundamental difference which would be demonstrable in an enhanced response to a va
New Treatment Options Have Changed the Survival of Patients With Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Richard I. Fisher, Michael LeBlanc, Oliver W. Press, David G. Maloney, Joseph M. Unger, Thomas P. Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Background The natural history of follicular lymphoma is believed not to have changed over the last 30 years. Median survivals have ranged from 7 to 10 years, and the disease is considered incurable. However, multiple new treatment options have been developed in the last decade, and their impact on survival of follicular lymphoma remains unknown. Patients and Methods In the current analysis, we identified all previously untreated, advanced-stage, follicular lymphoma patients treated with the following three sequential treatment approaches: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy ± nonspecific immunostimulants (Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG] 7426 and 7713: 1974 to 1983); prednisone, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (ProMACE) plus mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) ± interferon (SWOG 8809: 1988 to 1994); and CHOP followed by monoclonal antibody (MoAb) therapy (SWOG 9800 and 9911: 1998 to 2000). We assessed the patients' progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The MoAb trials included CHOP followed by rituximab (SWOG 9800) and CHOP followed by 131 I-tositumomab (SWOG 9911). Results The PFS curves for the CHOP and ProMACE-MOPP studies are overlapping, with 4-year PFS estimates of 46% and 48%, respectively. However, the PFS rate of the CHOP + MoAb studies is significantly improved at 61% (P = .005). The OS curves show improvement with each succeeding study. The 4-year estimate of OS is 69% for the CHOP regimens, 79% for the ProMACE-MOPP study, and 91% for the CHOP + MoAb regimens (P &lt; .001). These conclusions were retained after adjusting for differences in prognostic factors between the study groups. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that OS for patients with follicular lymphoma has improved over time and that the choice of initial therapy may matter.
Prediagnosis biomarkers of insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, and interleukin-6 dysregulation and multiple myeloma risk in the Multiple Myeloma Cohort Consortium
Authors: Brenda M. Birmann, Marian L. Neuhouser, Bernard Rosner, Demetrius Albanes, Julie E. Buring, Graham G. Giles, Qing Lan, I-Min Lee, Mark P. Purdue, Nathaniel Rothman, Gianluca Severi, Jian-Min Yuan, Kenneth C. Anderson, Michael Pollak, Nader Rifai, Patricia Hartge, Ola Landgren, Lawrence Lessin, Jarmo Virtamo, Robert B. Wallace, JoAnn E. Manson, Graham A. Colditz
Journal: Blood (2012)
Hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and blood cells of hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hemodialysis patients and staff.
Authors: M Cabrerizo, J Bartolomé, P De Sequera, C Caramelo, V Carreño
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, as well as dialysis staff members, are at high risk of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). We have analyzed by PCR the presence of HBV DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 33 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hemodialysis patients and 24 dialysis unit staff members; eight of the 24 staff members had an acute hepatitis B resolved 13 to 21 yr before. HBV DNA was detected in serum of 19 (58%) patients (12 of 17 with and 7 of 16 without anti-HBV antibodies). HBV DNA was found in PBMC of 18 (54%) patients (13 of 17 with and 5 of 16 without anti-HBV antibodies). In the staff members, serum HBV DNA was found only in the individuals who suffered a previous acute hepatitis (P < 0.005). HBV DNA was detected in PBMC of four of six staff members (all with previous acute hepatitis). In two HBV DNA-positive PBMC samples, viral RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. To ascertain whether the HBV DNA detected in serum was encapsulated, seven HBV DNA-positive serum samples were digested with DNase before PCR. After treatment, HBV DNA remained detectable in four cases. In conclusion, HBV DNA in serum and PBMC is detectable in a high proportion of HBsAg-negative hemodialysis patients and may persist several years after a resolved acute hepatitis B. The viral DNA is encapsulated and remains transcriptionally active in PBMC. In the anti-HBs-negative patients, HBV DNA is, at the present time, the only means for diagnosing a past HBV hepatitis.
Behavioral Interventions and Counseling to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation
Authors: Shelley S. Selph, Christina Bougatsos, Ian Blazina, Heidi D. Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Background: In 2004, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force determined that evidence was insufficient to recommend behavioral interventions and counseling to prevent child abuse and neglect. Purpose: To review new evidence on the effectiveness of behavioral interventions and counseling in health care settings for reducing child abuse and neglect and related health outcomes, as well as adverse effects of interventions. Data Sources: MEDLINE and PsycINFO (January 2002 to June 2012), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through the second quarter of 2012), Scopus, and reference lists. Study Selection: English-language trials of the effectiveness of behavioral interventions and counseling and studies of any design about adverse effects. Data Extraction: Investigators extracted data about study populations, designs, and outcomes and rated study quality using established criteria. Data Synthesis: Eleven fair-quality randomized trials of interventions and no studies of adverse effects met inclusion criteria. A trial of risk assessment and interventions for abuse and neglect in pediatric clinics for families with children aged 5 years or younger indicated reduced physical assault, Child Protective Services (CPS) reports, nonadherence to medical care, and immunization delay among screened children. Ten trials of early childhood home visitation reported reduced CPS reports, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and self-reports of abuse and improved adherence to immunizations and well-child care, although results were inconsistent. Limitation: Trials were limited by heterogeneity, low adherence, high loss to follow-up, and lack of standardized measures. Conclusion: Risk assessment and behavioral interventions in pediatric clinics reduced abuse and neglect outcomes for young children. Early childhood home visitation also reduced abuse and neglect, but results were inconsistent. Additional research on interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect is needed. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
The use of oral midazolam for perioperative anxiolysis of healthy patients undergoing Mohs surgery: Conclusions from randomized controlled and prospective studies
Authors: Larisa Ravitskiy, Pamela K. Phillips, Randall K. Roenigk, Amy L. Weaver, Jill M. Killian, Alyssa Hoverson Schott, Clark C. Otley
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Implication of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Akt-Regulated Survivin in Lung Cancer Chemopreventive Activities of Deguelin
Authors: Quanri Jin, Lei Feng, Carmen Behrens, B. Nebiyou Bekele, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Waun-Ki Hong, Ho-Young Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Survivin plays important roles in maintaining cell proliferation and survival and promoting tumorigenesis. The present study was conducted to determine the stage of lung carcinogenesis at which survivin expression is induced and to investigate how survivin affects the chemopreventive action of deguelin. In in vitro studies, we observed higher levels of survivin expression in a subset of premalignant and malignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) and non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines than in normal HBE cells, and in in vivo studies, a higher level of survivin expression in specimen of human lung dysplasia than in normal lung specimens. Treatment with deguelin inhibited de novo synthesis of survivin protein and induced apoptosis, resulting in suppression of transformation phenotypes, in the premalignant and malignant HBE and NSCLC cell lines. Deguelin inhibited survivin expression in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) but not in TSC2-knockout MEFs in which mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is constitutively active. Deguelin induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inactivation of Akt. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt abolished deguelin-induced modulation of AMPK activity and survivin expression. Conversely, inactivation of AMPK by compound C or AMPKα1/2 small interfering RNA restored Akt and mTOR activities and survivin expression in deguelin-treated HBE cells. These results suggest that survivin expression is induced as an early event in lung carcinogenesis, and deguelin acts as a chemopreventive agent by inducing a reciprocal regulation between AMPK and Akt, resulting in the inhibition of mTOR-mediated survivin. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11630–9]
Nuclear uptake of sex steroid hormones in the cardiovascular system of the baboon.
Authors: H C McGill, P J Sheridan
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Cardiac and arterial tissues of six male and six female adult baboons were examined for nuclear uptake of tritiated 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (3H-DHT) or tritiated estradiol-17 beta (3H-E2) by autoradiography. 3H-DHT uptake occurred in nuclei of most atrial and ventricular myocardial fibers, no cardiac interstitial tissues, some arterial endothelial cells, most smooth muscle cells of the intima and inner arterial media, and a few smooth muscle cells of the outer arterial media. 3H-E2 uptake occurred in nuclei of a few atrial and ventricular myocardial fibers, many cardiac interstitial cells, occasional arterial endothelial cells, a few smooth muscle cells of the intima and inner arterial media, smooth muscle cells of the outer arterial media, and nearly all adventitial cells. These observations are consistent with other autoradiographic and biochemical findings which indicate that the heart and major arteries of several mammalian species contain androgen and estrogen receptors in distinctive patterns of distribution among muscle and connective tissue cells.
Placental Passage of Antidepressant Medications
Authors: Victoria Hendrick, Zachary N. Stowe, Lori L. Altshuler, Sun Hwang, Emily Lee, Desiree Haynes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the placental transfer of antidepressants and their metabolites. METHOD: A total of 38 pregnant women taking citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, or sertraline participated. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained to determine antidepressant and metabolite concentrations. RESULTS: Antidepressant and metabolite concentrations were detectable in 86.8% of umbilical cord samples. The mean ratios of umbilical cord to maternal serum concentrations ranged from 0.29 to 0.89. The lowest ratios were for sertraline and paroxetine; the highest were for citalopram and fluoxetine. Maternal doses of sertraline and fluoxetine correlated with umbilical cord concentrations of these medications. CONCLUSIONS: Umbilical cord concentrations of antidepressants and their metabolites were almost invariably lower than corresponding maternal concentrations. Maternal doses predicted umbilical concentrations of fluoxetine and sertraline. Mean umbilical cord to maternal serum ratios were significantly lower for sertraline than fluoxetine, suggesting that sertraline may produce less fetal medication exposure than fluoxetine near delivery.