tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Vincenza Snow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters2 October 2007Management of Venous ThromboembolismAmir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA and Vincenza Snow, MDAmir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHAFrom the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Search for more papers by this author and Vincenza Snow, MDFrom the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Our recommendations are based on evidence from randomized, controlled trials only. That is why the studies that were mentioned in the letters comparing the efficacy of LMWH and unfractionated heparin, as well as for safety of heparin and warfarin during pregnancy, were not mentioned in the guideline. However, LMWH is more cost-effective than unfractionated heparin. Although many studies have evaluated prophylactic use of LMWH in pregnant women, the evidence is scarce for treating deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in pregnant women.Disclosures: None disclosed. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MDAffiliations: From the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoManagement of Venous Thromboembolism: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians Vincenza Snow , Amir Qaseem , Patricia Barry , E. Rodney Hornbake , Jonathan E. Rodnick , Timothy Tobolic , Belinda Ireland , Jodi B. Segal , Eric B. Bass , Kevin B. Weiss , Lee Green , and Douglas K. Owens , and the Joint American College of Physicians/American Academy of Family Physicians Panel on Deep Venous Thrombosis/Pulmonary Embolism*Management of Venous Thromboembolism Christopher Hughes Management of Venous Thromboembolism Richard Schreiber Management of Venous Thromboembolism Emmanuel M. Bhaskar Metrics 2 October 2007Volume 147, Issue 7 Page: 520 Keywords Conflicts of interest Deep vein thrombosis Heparin Low molecular weight heparin Pregnancy Pulmonary embolism Safety Safety studies Venous thromboembolism ePublished: 2 October 2007 Issue Published: 2 October 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
P892 PREVALENCE OF DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION RECIPIENTS WITH UNEXPLAINED LIVER GRAFT ABNORMALITIES IS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN IN CONTROL GROUPS
Authors: A. Ghandir, M. Carmagnat, E.S. Zafrani, F. Roudot-Thoraval, M. Hurtova, A. Mallat, D. Desvaux, C. Féray, C. Suberbielle, C. Duvoux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Expression of heat shock proteins 47 and 70 in the peritoneum of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Kei Shioshita, Masanobu Miyazaki, Yoshiyuki Ozono, Katsushige Abe, Kouichi Taura, Takashi Harada, Takehiko Koji, Takashi Taguchi, Shigeru Kohno
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Circulating MicroRNAs as a marker for liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus patients
Authors: Evrim Anadol, Robert Schierwagen, Natalia Elfimova, Katharina Tack, Carolynne Schwarze‐Zander, Hanna Eischeid, Andrea Noetel, Christoph Boesecke, Christian Jansen, Leona Dold, Jan‐Christian Wasmuth, Christian P. Strassburg, Ulrich Spengler, Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh, Margarete Odenthal, Jonel Trebicka
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis virus coinfection amplify and accelerate hepatic injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs suggested as biomarkers for liver injury. We analyzed the circulating levels of miRNAs in HIV patients with regard to the extent and etiology of liver injury. Total RNA was extracted from 335 serum samples of HIV patients and 22 healthy control participants using Qiazol. Comprehensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analyses (768 miRNA) were performed in serum samples of eight HIV, eight HIV/HCV (hepatitis C virus), six HCV patients, and three healthy controls. Reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR measured levels of miRNA‐122, miRNA‐22, and miRNA‐34a in serum samples of 335 patients and 19 healthy control participants. Liver injury and fibrosis in these patients were defined using aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index and AST‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) score. The miRNA pattern of HIV/HCV samples showed altered expression of 57 and 33 miRNA compared to HCV and HIV infection, respectively. miRNA‐122, miRNA‐22, and miRNA‐34a were highly up‐regulated in HIV/HCV patients. Analyzing the entire cohort, these miRNAs were correlated with liver function tests and were independent predictors of liver injury (AST &gt;2 × ULN). miRNA‐122 and miRNA‐22 were associated with relevant fibrosis (FIB‐4 &gt;1.45; APRI &gt;1). Circulating levels of miRNA‐122 were independent predictors for relevant fibrosis in HIV patients. Interestingly, miRNA‐122 and miRNA‐34a levels were higher in HIV/HCV patients, miRNA‐22 levels were highest in HIV/HBV patients, and circulating levels of miRNA‐34a correlated positively with illicit drug use and ethanol consumption. Conclusion : Circulating miRNA‐122, miRNA‐22, and miRNA‐34a correlates with the etiology of liver injury in HIV patients. These biomarkers not only mirror different mechanisms of hepatic injury, but also are independent predictors of liver injury in HIV patients. (H epatology 2015;61:46–55)
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Not Good for You
Authors: Chantal Mathieu, Bart J. Van der Schueren
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

In this issue of Diabetes Care , Joergensen et al. (1) demonstrate a strong association between severe vitamin D deficiency and increased mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. This observation confirms previous findings in the general population and in subgroups at high cardiovascular risk such as patients with type 2 diabetes or renal impaired patients (2–4). The data by Joergensen et al. complete the picture while carefully avoiding possible criticisms that have made the vitamin D field so hazardous to tread in recent years. Indeed, rather than hard science, it is hype and media statements that crowd the scene. This article brings with it a breath of fresh air.

Many studies are conducted retrospectively or measure vitamin D levels when patients are already sick. Thanks to the excellent registries present in several Northern European countries—and here in particular thanks to the database and tissue bank of the reputed Steno Diabetes Center—this study is able to assess levels of vitamin D measured within 3 years after diagnosis and during up to 25 years of clinical follow-up. This way of working avoids justified criticisms on studies where vitamin D levels were measured at the time of severe diseases. Obviously, patients with congestive heart failure or cancer are less likely to go out and about in the sun or eat fatty fish. Only prospective studies will help to understand the relationship between vitamin D levels and disease. Because vitamin D deficiency in rodents in the early stages of life is predictive of future disease, it would be of great interest to evaluate vitamin D levels in neonates. We have previously demonstrated a twofold risk for the development of diabetes in NOD mice that had been vitamin D deficient in the first 100 days of their lives (5). As vitamin D …
Institutional Review Boards and the Freedom to Take Risks
Authors: E. L. Pattullo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

This article treats lightly a topic that usually receives more sober treatment. Since the Surgeon General of the United States first issued regulations in 1966 governing the use of human subjects in research funded by the National Institutes of Health, the problems that prompted his action have been discussed widely, exhaustively, and earnestly.1 Also since 1966, however, concern for protecting subjects has been extended beyond research that threatens bodily harm to include research that threatens the subject's ego, and even further, to include studies that threaten the principles espoused by those who make applied ethics their profession.2 The research enterprise . . .
Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on glutathione and functional integrity of mitochondria in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes.
Authors: C García-Ruiz, A Morales, A Ballesta, J Rodés, N Kaplowitz, J C Fernández-Checa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Chronic ethanol feeding selectively impairs the translocation of cytosol GSH into the mitochondrial matrix. Since ethanol-induced liver cell injury is preferentially localized in the centrilobular area, we examined the hepatic acinar distribution of mitochondrial GSH transport in ethanol-fed rats. Enriched periportal (PP) and perivenous (PV) hepatocytes from pair- and ethanol-fed rats were prepared as well as mitochondria from these cells. The mitochondrial pool size of GSH was decreased in both PP and PV cells from ethanol-fed rats either as expressed per 10(6) cells or per microliter of mitochondrial matrix volume. The rate of reaccumulation of mitochondrial GSH and the linear relationship of mitochondrial to cytosol GSH from ethanol-fed mitochondria were lower for both PP and PV cells, effects observed more prominently in the PV cells. Mitochondrial functional integrity was lower in both PP and PV ethanol-fed rats, which was associated with decreased cellular ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, effects which were greater in the PV cells. Mitochondrial GSH depletion by ethanol feeding preceded the onset of functional changes in mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial GSH is critical in maintaining a functionally competent organelle and that the greater depletion of mitochondrial GSH by ethanol feeding in PV cells could contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.
Drug testing has been used in schools for several years
Authors: P. Kilvert, R. Bryant
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Owen Dyer reports that Harrow School is to introduce drug testing of its pupils.1 Drug testing of urine samples has been used at other boarding schools, such as Marlborough College, Sevenoaks School, and Stowe School, for several years. Most boarding schools will probably be …
Mass dose of antibiotic reduced prevalence of trachoma for two years
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The prevalence and intensity of trachoma infection, a leading cause of blindness in the developing world in the developing world, fell considerably and remained low for two years after mass treatment of a population in Tanzania with a single round of azithromycin, followed by periodic use of tetracycline eye ointment for those with persistent disease.

Trachoma infection is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis . When the active infection resolves, there is often scarring of the conjunctivae. Over many years, contraction of upper-lid scars that result from this …
E coli inquiry calls for stricter laws on selling meat
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Wide ranging measures have been proposed to improve the safety of food in Britain after one of the world's worst outbreaks of Escherichia coli food poisoning, which killed 17 people in central Scotland and affected a further 400.

The source of the outbreak was identified as a butcher's shop in the Lanarkshire town of Wishaw which had supplied contaminated cooked meat products to a number of retail outlets in the surrounding area (7 December, p 1424). A government inquiry set up to examine the outbreak has recommended that legislation be introduced to improve the way meat is sold to the public.

The inquiry team's interim report says that a national licensing system is needed to ensure that hygiene standards are being met in shops where both raw and cooked meats are sold. It is proposed that …
Malnutrition and Hypernatremic Dehydration in Breast-Fed Infants
Authors: Thomas W. Rowland
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Despite the well-recognized advantages of breast-feeding to both mother and child, malnutrition of breast-fed infants can occur. We report two cases of breast-fed infants with cachexia, hypernatremia, and, in the one case in which it was measured, an elevated level of breast-milk sodium. These cases, along with several reported previously, emphasize the need for proper education and close and early follow-up of the nursing mother and infant, especially since a lack of parental awareness can be part of this syndrome.
Arthropathy as the Major Clinical Indicator of Occult Iron Storage Disease
Authors: Abdelmajid M'Seffar
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Chronic arthritis was the only symptom that led to the detection of increased iron stores in four patients. In these persons, the serum iron was ordered at the time of initial examination, and ranged from 212 to 237 microgram/dl with a transferrin saturation of 83% to 100%. Liver biopsy specimens showed hepatocyte iron deposition in each person, with definite cirrhosis in only one patient. These cases illustrate that a chronic arthropathy may be the first clinical manifestation of iron overload, and can lead to discovery of the disease in patients and their family members. Treatment may then be initiated before extensive tissue damage has occurred.
John Daniel McCrea
Authors: P. McCrea
Journal: BMJ (2014)

My brother, John Daniel McCrea, and his wife, Josephine, were driving along the A69 to Newcastle airport on 23 March 2014, when he had a cardiac arrest. He was eventually resuscitated and transferred to the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle. He never regained consciousness and, after a number of his organs were removed for transplantation, he passed away peacefully at 3.15 am on 28 March, with Josephine and their beloved daughter Sophia at his bedside.

John was born in Belfast, the first of four sons to Daniel Francis and Sara Frances McCrea. His early childhood was uneventful, and he completed his secondary education at St MacNissi’s College in County Antrim. It was there …
Antithrombotic drug candidate ALX-0081 shows superior preclinical efficacy and safety compared with currently marketed antiplatelet drugs
Authors: Hans Ulrichts, Karen Silence, Anne Schoolmeester, Peter de Jaegere, Stefaan Rossenu, Jan Roodt, Sofie Priem, Marc Lauwereys, Peter Casteels, Femke Van Bockstaele, Katrien Verschueren, Patrick Stanssens, Judith Baumeister, Josefin-Beate Holz
Journal: Blood (2011)
INHIBITED TUBAL PERISTALSIS: A CAUSE OF ECTOPIC GESTATION.
Authors: O. G. PFAFF
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In submitting this contribution for your consideration, its brevity may be urged as a virtue. A great deal has been written concerning the etiology of ectopic gestation, some of which has approached demonstration, more has been speculative, but certainly much has been done toward the solution of many of the attending phenomena. The function of the ciliated epithelium of the oviducts has been made much of as the chief, if not the sole, motive force in the transportation of the ovum into the uterine cavity. Building on this assumption Tait and others have attempted to show that in the destruction of the cilia by the inflammatory diseases of the oviducts, the function of the tubes is destroyed and the resulting inertia is to be regarded as the prime factor in the production of tubal pregnancy. According to Lilienthal, Williams and others, the most frequent site of the chorionic attachment
LEPROSY IN THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Notes as to the frequency of leprosy in the Argentine Re- public.-TheDirector of the House of Isolation1 says in his personal report that the cases of leprosy have been known accidentally in this hospital in the years preceding 1892; it is in this year that figure the first entries with this diagnosis, and statistics show an evident tendency of augmentation in this disease.In
Structural, functional and metabolic remodeling of rat left ventricular myocytes in normal and in sodium-supplemented pregnancy
Authors: V BASSIENCAPSA, J FOURON, B COMTE, A CHORVATOVA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objectives: Pregnancy is an important physiological condition associated with hemodynamic and endocrine changes that affect the heart. Nevertheless, very little is known about cardiomyocyte remodeling in this condition. Here, we studied the morphological, functional and metabolic remodeling of rat left ventricular myocytes that occurs in late stages of normal pregnancy (P) and in experimental preeclampsia induced by elevated (0.9%) sodium intake (P0.9).
Thymic Stromal-Derived Lymphopoietin Induces Proliferation of Pre-B Leukemia and Antagonizes mTOR Inhibitors, Suggesting a Role for Interleukin-7Rα Signaling
Authors: Valerie I. Brown, Jessica Hulitt, Jonathan Fish, Cecilia Sheen, Marlo Bruno, Qing Xu, Martin Carroll, Junjie Fang, David Teachey, Stephan A. Grupp
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Understanding the pathogenesis of leukemia in the context of lymphopoiesis may reveal novel therapeutic targets. Previously, we have shown that mTOR inhibitors (MTI) show activity in vitro and in preclinical models of both human and murine precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL), inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. These MTI-mediated effects can be reversed by interleukin-7 (IL-7), an important regulator of early B-cell development. This observation led us to examine the contribution of signaling via the IL-7Rα chain, which is shared by the receptor complexes of IL-7 and thymic stromal-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP). TSLP is closely related to IL-7 and active in lymphopoiesis, but an effect of TSLP on leukemia cells has not been described. We examined the effect of TSLP on pre-B ALL cells and their response to MTIs. Here, we show that TSLP stimulates proliferation of pre-B ALL cell lines. TSLP also partially reverses the effects of MTI on proliferation, apoptosis, and ribosomal protein S6 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in cell lines, with similar biological effects seen in some primary human lymphoblast samples. These data show that TSLP can promote survival of pre-B ALL cells and antagonize the effects of MTIs. These findings suggest that IL-7Rα chain is responsible for transducing the survival signal that overcomes MTI-mediated growth inhibition in pre-B ALL. Thus, further exploration of the IL-7Rα pathway may identify potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of ALL. Our data illustrate that growth-factor–mediated signaling may provide one mechanism of MTI resistance. [Cancer Res 2007;67(20):9963–70]
Expression of angiostatin cDNA in a murine fibrosarcoma suppresses primary tumor growth and produces long-term dormancy of metastases.
Authors: Y Cao, M S O'Reilly, B Marshall, E Flynn, R W Ji, J Folkman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Tumor growth and metastasis are angiogenesis dependent. Previously, we reported that angiostatin, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, produced by a primary Lewis lung carcinoma suppressed its growth of lung metastases (O'Reilly, M.S., L. Holmgren, Y. Shing, C. Chen, R.A. Rosenthal, M. Moses, W.S. Lane, Y. Cao, E.H. Sage, and J. Folkman. 1994. Cell. 79:315-328). Now we show that a shift of balance of tumor angiogenesis by gene transfer of a cDNA coding for mouse angiostatin into murine T241 fibrosarcoma cells suppresses primary and metastatic tumor growth in vivo. Implantation of stable clones expressing mouse angiostatin in C57Bl6/J mice inhibits primary tumor growth by an average of 77%. After removal of primary tumors, the pulmonary micrometastases in approximately 70% of mice remain in a microscopic dormant and avascular state for the duration of the experiments, e.g., 2-5 mo. The tumor cells in the dormant micrometastases exhibit a high rate of apoptosis balanced by a high proliferation rate. Our study, to our knowledge, for the first time shows the diminished growth of lung metastases after removal of the primary tumor, suggesting that metastases are self-inhibitory by halting angiogenesis. Our data may also provide a novel approach for cancer therapy by antiangiogenic gene therapy with a specific angiogenesis inhibitor.
Addressing community concerns about asthma and air toxics.
Authors: Mary C White, Sherri A Berger-Frank, Dannie C Middleton, Henry Falk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

People with asthma who live near or downwind from a source of toxic emissions commonly express concerns about the possible impact of hazardous air pollution on their health, especially when these emissions are visible or odorous. Citizens frequently turn to their local and state health departments for answers, but health departments face many challenges in addressing these concerns. These challenges include a lack of asthma statistics at the local level, limited exposure information, and a paucity of scientific knowledge about the contributions of hazardous air pollutants to asthma induction or exacerbation. Health agencies are creatively developing methods to address these challenges while working toward improving asthma surveillance data at the state and local levels. Recent community health investigations suggest that hazardous air pollutants that are occupational asthmagens or associated with odors may deserve more attention. In seeking to address community concerns about hazardous air pollution and asthma, community health investigations may also help to fill gaps in our scientific knowledge and identify areas for further research or environmental intervention. The solutions to community problems associated with environmental contamination and asthma, however, require sustained, coordinated efforts by public and private groups and citizens. Public health agencies can make a unique contribution to this effort, but additional resources and support will be required to develop information systems and epidemiologic capacity at the state and local levels.
BCL-2 Inhibitors Sensitize Therapy-resistant Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to VSV Oncolysis
Authors: Sara Samuel, Vladimir Beljanski, Julien Van Grevenynghe, Stephanie Richards, Fethia Ben Yebdri, Zhong He, Carmen Nichols, S Mehdi Belgnaoui, Courtney Steel, Marie-Line Goulet, April Shamy, Dawn Brown, Guillermo Abesada, Elias K Haddad, John Hiscott
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Many primary cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are resistant to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-induced oncolysis due to overexpression of the antiapoptotic and antiautophagic members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of CLL cell death induced as a consequence of VSV infection in the presence of BCL-2 inhibitors, obatoclax, and ABT-737 in primary ex vivo CLL patient samples. Microarray analysis of primary CD19⁺ CD5⁺ CLL cells treated with obatoclax and VSV revealed changes in expression of genes regulating apoptosis, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and cellular metabolism. A combined therapeutic effect was observed for VSV and BCL-2 inhibitors in cells from untreated patients and from patients unresponsive to standard of care therapy. In addition, combination treatment induced several markers of autophagy--LC3-II accumulation, p62 degradation, and staining of autophagic vacuoles. Inhibition of early stage autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) led to increased apoptosis in CLL samples. Mechanistically, a combination of BCL-2 inhibitors and VSV disrupted inhibitory interactions of Beclin-1 with BCL-2 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), thus biasing cells toward autophagy. We propose a mechanism in which changes in cellular metabolism, coupled with pharmacologic disruption of the BCL-2-Beclin-1 interactions, facilitate induction of apoptosis and autophagy to mediate the cytolytic effect of VSV.