tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic analysis of the cytochrome P450-debrisoquine hydroxylase locus and association with cancer susceptibility.
Authors: C A Smith, J E Moss, A C Gough, N K Spurr, C R Wolf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases play a central role in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens. The action of these enzymes can lead to either carcinogen detoxication or activation. Differences in P450 expression in animal models give rise to large differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, so genetic polymorphisms in P450 expression may be expected to be an important factor in individual human susceptibility to cancer. Of particular interest is the genetic polymorphism at the cytochrome P450-debrisoquine/sparteine hydroxylase locus (CYP2D6). Although this is a minor liver P450, its polymorphic expression is associated with the abnormal metabolism of at least 30 therapeutic drugs, including beta-blockers and tricyclic antidepressants. Conflicting reports have been made on the association of this polymorphism with cancer susceptibility. This disagreement may be attributable to limitations of the phenotyping assay used to identify affected individuals (poor metabolizers, PMs). In order to clarify these anomalies, we have developed a simple DNA-based assay with which we can identify the majority of PMs. The assay is centered around the primary gene defect responsible for the polymorphism, a G to A transition at the junction of intron 3/exon 4 which results in a frame-shift in the resultant mRNA. The frequency of this mutation is 70-80% in PMs. We have studied the frequency of mutated alleles in a control population and in a wide range of cancer patients. No association between this polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility was observed; however, in other populations of cancer patients some very interesting shifts were found in the proportion of PMs and heterozygotes from that in the normal population.
Apocrine hidrocystoma on the tip of a finger
Authors: J. Santos-Juanes, C. Galache Osuna, J. Sanchez del Rio, J. Soto de Delas, L. Requena
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Apocrine hidrocystoma on the tip of a finger Get access British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 2, 1 February 2005, Pages 379–380, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06342.x Published: 01 February 2005
Physiology of the Urinary Bladder and Urethra
Authors: WILLIAM C. deGROAT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Activation of the parasympathetic pathways to the detrusor muscle and inhibition of somatic input to the external urethral sphincter are the essential neuronal events initiating release of urine. The former occurs via a spinobulbospinal pathway, whereas the latter is produced by inhibitory mechanisms in the sacral spinal cord. The sympathetic outflow to the urinary tract promotes urine storage by increasing urethral resistance and depressing detrusor contractions. Sympathetic activity is generated at least in part by a spinal vesicosympathetic reflex pathway. Evidence indicates that the integration of sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to the bladder can occur at the level of the peripheral autonomic ganglion as well as at levels of the effector organ. The existence of facilitatory and adrenergic inhibitory mechanisms in ganglia and the identification of spontaneously active ganglion cells raise the possibility that vesical ganglia may have a role in modulating or "filtering" the efferent neural input to the bladder.
One-Year Follow-Up of Survivors of a Mass Shooting
Authors: Carol S. North, Elizabeth M. Smith, Edward L. Spitznagel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

OBJECTIVE: This report describes a 1-year follow-up study of survivors of a mass shooting incident. Acute-phase data from this incident were previously reported in this journal. METHOD: The Diagnostic Interview Schedule/Disaster Supplement was used to assess 136 survivors at 1–2 months and again a year later, with a 91% reinterview rate. RESULTS: In the acute postdisaster period, 28% of subjects met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 18% of subjects qualified for another active psychiatric diagnosis. At follow-up, 24% of subjects reported a history of postdisaster PTSD (17% were currently symptomatic), and 12% another current psychiatric disorder. Half (54%) of all 46 individuals identified as having had PTSD at either interview were recovered at follow-up, and no index predictors of recovery were identified. There were no cases of delayed-onset PTSD (beyond 6 months). Considerable discrepancy in identified PTSD cases was apparent between index and follow-up. Inconsistency in reporting, rather than report of true delayed onset, was responsible for all PTSD cases newly identified at 1 year. The majority of subjects with PTSD at index who were recovered at follow-up reported no history of postdisaster PTSD at follow-up, suggesting considerable influence of fading memory. CONCLUSIONS: This study's findings suggest that disaster research that conducts single interviews at index or a year later may overlook a significant portion of PTSD. The considerable diagnostic comorbidity found in this study was the one robust predictor of PTSD at any time after the disaster. Disaster survivors with a psychiatric history, especially depression, may be most vulnerable to developing PTSD and therefore may deserve special attention from disaster mental health workers. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1696–1702)
NIV at home: resource implications
Authors: L Turner
Journal: Thorax (2003)

The NHS Modernisation Agency’s critical care programme report “Weaning and long term ventilation”1 recommends that long term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) should be available “according to need” and that this service should increase in line with demand. This need has not been well described. The Nottingham Assisted Ventilation Group (NAVG) provides home NIV for a well defined population of approximately two million. We have looked at the number of patients using NIV at the end of each year between 1991 and 2002 and compared the aetiology of respiratory failure in these patients at the beginning and end of this period.

All patients used pressure controlled ventilation with NIPPY or BREAS machines. Most patients had chronic ventilatory failure with daytime hypercapnia, but a small number of patients with neuromuscular disease had symptomatic nocturnal hypoventilation with normal daytime arterial blood gases. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were not …
Che-1 phosphorylation by ATM/ATR and Chk2 kinases activates p53 transcription and the G2/M checkpoint
Authors: Tiziana Bruno, Francesca De Nicola, Simona Iezzi, Daniele Lecis, Carmen D'Angelo, Monica Di Padova, Nicoletta Corbi, Leopoldo Dimiziani, Laura Zannini, Christian Jekimovs, Marco Scarsella, Alessandro Porrello, Alberto Chersi, Marco Crescenzi, Carlo Leonetti, Kum Kum Khanna, Silvia Soddu, Aristide Floridi, Claudio Passananti, Domenico Delia, Maurizio Fanciulli
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Efforts to Raise Supply of Two Prophylactic Agents
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

WORLD EVENTS and a jump in immunizations have led to shortages of two prophylactic agents—pneumococcal vaccine and intramuscularly administered immunoglobulin (Gammar, Armour Pharmaceutical, Collegeville, Pa). Shortages of both began to show up last summer. That of immunogobulin is likely to remain acute until the vaccine against hepatitis A is licensed. That of pneumococcal vaccine may be alleviated shortly, thanks to increased munufacture, but the lack has slowed efforts by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to push immunization. The shortage is largely due to physicians' increased use of this vaccine. Sales rose from 1.5 million doses in 1990 to 3.5 million in 1993, with another 70% increase in orders for 1994, Steve Hadler, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), told the National Vaccine Program's advisory committee. Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ, and Merck &amp; Company, West Point, Pa, are the only licensed manufacturers of pneumococcal vaccine. Production problems in
Undergraduate medical education. Many different interpretations of GMC's proposals.
Authors: D Bullimore
Journal: BMJ (1993)

become the overriding aim of medical education, but it must recognise that some students will seek a medical degree as entry to a variety of activities related to health, including research, education, business, and public service.In such a future how will we define core and protect students' opportunity to exercise independent thought in approaching the complexities of medicine?A core of essential knowledge and skills relevant to medical practice undoubtedly exists and can be identified, but at what cost and to what purpose?In my view, which is coloured by my recent experience as dean of health sciences at McMaster University, medical schools should have confidence in students' ability to discern appropriate learning objectives and to pursue these in a self directed fashion.Judgment of students' qualification for licensure should be separated as much as possible from assessment of academic performance so as to maximise opportunities for personal and intellectual development during medical education.Endorsement of the core and options model without strict limitations on the definition of core will perpetuate a content driven, professorially controlled system of medical education unworthy of Britain's earlier traditions of leadership.The times demand a more aggressive commitment to innovation in the interests of both the public and the profession.
Federal Health Policy Response to Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Jeanne M. Lambrew, Donna E. Shalala
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Circumcision of men did not cut HIV transmission to their wives
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Voluntary circumcision of men reduced their acquisition of herpes simplex virus by about 25% and cut in half the rate of ulcerative genital diseases, primarily herpes, among their wives. But disappointingly, among those men who were HIV positive, circumcision did not seem to affect the rate of transmission of HIV to their wives.

The study was part of broad ongoing population research being conducted in the rural Rakai region of Uganda as part of an almost 20 year collaboration between local and US investigators. It was presented this week at the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.

Three earlier studies conducted in …
Peripheral Muscle Weakness and Exercise Capacity in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: KEES de MEER, VINCENT A. M. GULMANS, JOHAN van der LAAG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Exercise intolerance in cystic fibrosis (CF) is attributed to diminished nutritional and pulmonary function. We studied the pathophysiology of such intolerance in relation to muscle force and fat-free mass (FFM), in 15 children with moderately severe symptoms of CF (FEV1 < 80% predicted and/or weight for age < − 1 SD of reference median), 13 children with mild symptoms of CF (FEV1 and weight above these thresholds), and 13 healthy controls. Cycle maximal workload (Wmax) and V˙ o 2max were assessed. Maximal peripheral muscle force was measured, and FFM was calculated from skinfolds. Patients with mild CF, as compared with matched controls, had lower values of Wmax per kilogram of FFM (3.9 ± 0.5 versus 4.6 ± 0.3 W/kg [mean ± SD], respectively; difference = 0.7 [95% CI = 0.4 to 1.1]), and diminished maximal muscle force (2.7 ± 0.4 kN versus 3.1 ± 0.7 kN; difference = 0.44 [95% CI = 0.03 to 0.87]), but similar V˙ o 2max. Patients with moderate CF had lower FFM, muscle force, and exercise tolerance than did the other groups. Oxygen cost of work was elevated in both groups of CF patients. Muscle force showed a strong positive correlation with Wmax in patients and controls, with disproportionately lower regression slopes in the CF patients. In children with CF, muscle force is decreased and associated with diminished maximal work load, even in the absence of diminished pulmonary or nutritional status.
Companion to Psychiatric Studies
Authors: Moshe S. Torem
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This textbook of psychiatry comprises 40 chapters written by 37 authors, most of whom are or once were members of the Department of Psychiatry of Edinburgh University or on the staff of the Royal Edinburgh Hospital in Edinburgh. Nonetheless, the book should not be regarded as a Scottish textbook of psychiatry. It is rather a British textbook and clearly represents an up-to-date account of psychiatry in the United Kingdom. Although the classification used by British psychiatry is that of<i>ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases</i>, ed 9, 1978), while American psychiatry uses<i>DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, ed 3, 1980), there is still a great deal an American psychiatrist can learn from this book. The reader will find a number of subjects covered extensively that are absent from American textbooks and that reflect the British view. For example, the book devotes a whole chapter to psychiatric disorders of
Leukemia and Radium Groundwater Contamination
Authors: David L. Wishart
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Lyman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>in the Aug 2 issue of<i>JAMA</i>may stimulate considerable excitement in South Florida, resulting in demands for public health interventions to neutralize a risk from leukemia that may be induced by radium in groundwater. The political turmoil will be little affected by the fact that the association between radium in groundwater and the incidence of leukemia is only very tenuously suggested and may be impossible to prove. The incidence of leukemia in Florida is reported to be roughly eight cases per 100,000 population. The SEER (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result) report<sup>2</sup>indicates the incidence of lung cancer in two southern areas, Atlanta and New Orleans, varies from 88 to 113 cases per 100,000 population. One might suppose the incidence is similar in Florida and is eight to ten times that of the reported incidence of leukemia. It is
Controlled trial of oxygen in uncomplicated myocardial infarction.
Authors: J M Rawles, A C Kenmure
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Two-hundred consecutive patients thought to have suffered a myocardial infarction were admitted to a randomised, double-blind controlled trial of oxygen or air administered by MC mask throughout the first 24 hours in hospital. Forty-three patients in whom myocardial infarction was not subsequently confirmed were excluded from the analysis. The remaining air and oxygen groups were comparable except for a significantly higher PaO2 and serum aspartate aminotransferase level in the oxygen group. There was no significant difference in mortality, incidence of arrhythmias, use of analgesics, or systolic time intervals between the two groups, although a higher incidence of sinus tachycardia was found in those given oxygen. There appears to be no evidence of benefit from the routine administration of oxygen in uncomplicated myocardial infarction.
The haemolytic anaemias, congenital and acquired. Part II: The auto-immune haemolytic anaemias
Authors: Raphael Isaacs
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This second edition of Part II of the author's books on hemolytic anemias deals with the clinical, hematological, and serological aspects of the autoimmune hemolytic anemias, covering their etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. The secondary, drug-induced hemolytic anemias, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and hemolytic diseases of the newborn will be dealt with in a future volume. A review of the immunological aspects of these diseases is welcome and timely, because of the increased infiltration of the loose concept of the term "immunological" in explanations or descriptions of so many unknown processes in hematology. The historical aspects presented here are very helpful and well treated. An extensive bibliography is given with each section. The photomicrographs of cells are unusually good; they illustrate well the points intended. Because of its method of treatment of the material and its extensive analysis of work published on the subject, this book will be of inestimable value to
Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism Induces Donor-specific Tolerance for Lung Allografts in Rodents
Authors: SI M. PHAM, SURINDRA N. MITRUKA, WOOK YOUM, SEN LI, NOBUYOSHI KAWAHARADA, SAMUEL A. YOUSEM, YOLONDA L. COLSON, SUZANNE T. ILDSTAD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Mixed hematopoietic chimerism is a state in which bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells from two genetically different animals coexist. We investigated whether mixed hematopoietic chimerism, resulting from the transplantation of host and donor bone marrow into a lethally irradiated rat, would confer donor-specific tolerance to lung allografts. Recipient rats (Fisher or or Wistar Furth [WF]) were irradiated (1,100 cGy) and reconstituted with a mixture of T-cell-depleted syngeneic plus allogeneic bone marrow. After mixed chimerism was documented by the presence of donor- and host-derived cells in the peripheral blood 4 wk after bone marrow reconstitution, mixed chimeras underwent orthotopic left lung transplantation with donor-specific and third-party lung allografts. No immunosuppressive agents were administered after lung transplantation. All donor-specific lung allografts were accepted by mixed chimeras (n = 40), while all third-party grafts (n = 7) were rejected within 10 d, a time course similar to that for grafts transplanted into naive recipients (n = 14). Radiation control recipients (n = 7) who did not develop mixed chimerism because the donor bone marrow had failed to engraft, also rejected donor-specific grafts within 10 d. We conclude that mixed hematopoietic chimerism induces donor-specific transplantation tolerance to lung allografts.
How dangerous are falls in old people at home?
Authors: J M Morfitt
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Personally, I should feel happier if MIND could take a leaf out of the books of other lay organisations associated with medicine, and give up this present policy of criticising doctors and nurses.The lay organisations concerned with cancer, heart disease, and kidney disease devote much of their efforts to sponsoring research.If one compares the enormous sums of money that are available for research into cancer, heart disease, and kidney disease with the minute amounts that are available for research into mental disorder, one appreciates that there is a great deal still to be done.This is the challenge that Mr Gostin and his colleagues should be facing, rather than this pointless campaign of criticism.
Massive extension of the suprapatellar pouch into the thigh tissues in rheumatoid disease.
Authors: B L Coulton, A J Popert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Massive extension of the suprapatellar pouch into the thigh tissues in rheumatoid disease SIR, A 74 year old woman presented to the outpatient department for routine review.She had had seropositive rheumatoid arthritis for two years and despite aggressive therapy with prednisolone and chlorambucil the disease was not yet under control.On this occasion she had active disease in most joints but particularly the knees.She had morning stiffness for three hours and her erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 54 mm/lst h.On further examination a cystic swelling measuring 20 cm x 5 cm was observed lying longitudinally in the deep tissues of the right thigh.A test for fluctuation hinted at a likely connection with the knee joint (Fig. 1).
Effects of a heat shock protein inducer on the atrial fibrillation substrate caused by acute atrial ischaemia
Authors: M. Sakabe, A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, A. Maguy, B. J.J.M. Brundel, A. Fujiki, H. Inoue, S. Nattel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a set of endogenous cytoprotective factors activated by various pathological conditions. This study addressed the effects of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an orally active HSP inducer, on the atrial fibrillation (AF) substrate associated with acute atrial ischaemia (AI). Four groups of mongrel dogs were studied: (1) a group subjected to AI without GGA (AI-CTL, n = 13 dogs); (2) dogs that underwent AI after GGA pretreatment (120 mg/kg/day; AI-GGA, n = 12); (3) dogs receiving GGA pretreatment without AI (n = 5); (4) control dogs for tissue sampling (n = 5). Isolated right AI was produced by occluding a right atrial (RA) coronary-artery branch. AI reduced ischaemic-zone conduction velocity (CV, from 94 ± 3 to 46 ± 5 cm/s; P < 0.01) and increased maximum local phase delays (P95, from 1.6 ± 0.1 to 4.6 ± 0.6 ms/mm; P < 0.01), conduction heterogeneity index (CHI, from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 2.9 ± 0.5; P < 0.01), and the mean duration of burst pacing-induced AF (DAF, from 44 ± 18 to 890 ± 323 s; P < 0.01) in AI-CTL dogs. GGA pretreatment attenuated ischaemia-induced conduction abnormalities (CV, 77 ± 8 cm/s; P95, 2.1 ± 0.4 ms/mm; CHI, 1.1 ± 0.2; all P < 0.01 vs. AI-CTL) and DAF (328 ± 249 s; P < 0.01) in AI-GGA dogs. GGA treatment alone, without ischaemia, did not alter DAF or conduction indices. AI slightly prolonged atrial refractory period, an effect also prevented by GGA. GGA significantly increased HSP70 protein expression in RA tissues of ischaemic hearts. GGA prevents ischaemia-induced atrial conduction abnormalities and suppresses ischaemia-related AF. These results suggest that HSP induction might be a useful new anti-AF intervention for patients with coronary artery disease.