tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determination of lung volumes from chest films
Authors: J. O'Shea, N. L. Lapp, A. D. Russakoff, R. Reger, W. K. C. Morgan
Journal: Thorax (1970)

The results obtained from two radiological methods of determining total lung capacity (TLC) (Kovach9s parabo oid and Barnhard9s ellipsoid) were compared with those obtained with the body plethysmograph. Determinations of TLC were made in four groups of subjects: group 1 consisted of 26 miners most of whom had simple pneumoconiosis; group 2 consisted of 12 normal subjects; group 3 consisted of eight subjects who had a variety of chest disease, but with no demonstrable parenchymal or pleural opacification; and group 4 consisted of 19 subjects with miscellaneous diseases, all showing demonstrable infiltration or opacification. The values obtained by the method of Kovach and his colleagues often differed markedly from the plethysmographic determinations, and it became apparent that this method was not sufficiently accurate. On the other hand, the technique of Barnhard and his colleagues gave results that were essentially similar to, and as far as we can say interchangeable with, those obtained by the body plethysmograph in groups 1, 2, and 3. In subjects with marked pulmonary opacification or infiltration, the disparity between Barnhard9s method and the plethysmograph tended to be more sizeable. It was concluded that Barnhard9s method for determining total lung capacity is accurate and could be applied to epidemiological surveys.
Integrated care scheme for older people will roll out across England
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The humidity surrounding a sample is an important variable in scientific experiments. Biological samples in particular require not just a humid atmosphere but often a relative humidity (RH) that is in equilibrium with a stabilizing solution required to maintain the sample in the same state during measurements. The controlled dehydration of macromolecular crystals can lead to significant increases in crystal order, which often leads to higher diffraction quality. Devices that can accurately control the humidity surrounding crystals on a beamline have led to this technique being increasingly adopted, as experiments become easier and more reproducible. Matching the relative humidity to the mother liquor is the first step to allow the stable mounting of a crystal. In previous work, we measured the equilibrium relative humidity for a range of concentrations of the most commonly used precipitants and showed how this related to Raoult’s law for the equilibrium vapour pressure of water above a solution. However, a discrepancy between measured values and those predicted by theory could not be explained. Here, we have used a more precise humidity control device to determine equilibrium relative humidity points. The new results are in agreement with Raoult’s law. We also present a simple argument in statistical mechanics demonstrating that the saturated vapour pressure of a solvent is proportional to its mole fraction in an ideal solution: Raoult’s Law. The same argument can be extended to the case where solvent and solute molecules are of different size, as is the case with polymers. The results provide a framework for the correct maintenance of the RH surrounding samples. <h3>Synopsis</h3> The equilibrium relative humidity values for a number of the most commonly used precipitants in biological macromolecule crystallisation have been measured using a new humidity control device. A simple argument in statistical mechanics demonstrates that the saturated vapour pressure of a solvent is proportional to its mole fraction in an ideal solution (Raoult’s Law). The same argument can be extended to the case where solvent and solute molecules are of different size.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Tightening the morphological screws on a hepatic rambler
Authors: Randall G. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Background/Aims: In the past, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis has been described mostly in obese women with diabetes. The aim of this study was to describe a series of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with a different clinical profile. Methods: The clinical, biochemical, and histological features of 33 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis seen from July 1990 to June 1993 were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 47 years. All patients were antibody to hepatitis C virus-negative. Nineteen of 33 (58%) were men, 20 of 33 (61%) were non-obese, 26 of 33 (79%) had normal glucose levels, and 26 of 33 (79%) had normal lipid levels. Fourteen of 33 (42%) had normal glucose and lipid levels and were not obese. Thirteen of 33 (39%) had pathological increases in fibrosis, 5 of whom had micronodular cirrhosis. Of these 13 with severe, progressive disease, 8 (62%) were women, 8 (62%) were obese, 4 (31%) were diabetic or had an elevated glucose level, and 3 (23%) had hyperlipidemia. Although serum iron studies (transferrin saturation and ferritin) were abnormal in 18 of 31 (58%), no patient had hemochromatosis. Conclusions: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis can be a severe, progressive liver disease leading to the development of cirrhosis. It should no longer be considered a disease predominantly seen in obese women with diabetes.
Reporting the Capture Efficiency of a Filter-Based Microdevice: A CTC Is Not a CTC Unless It Is CD45 Negative—Letter
Authors: Gerhardt Attard, Mateus Crespo, Ai Chiin Lim, Lorna Pope, Andrea Zivi, Johann S. de Bono
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

In their recently published article in Clinical Cancer Research , Lin and colleagues claim that the efficiency for capturing circulating tumor cells (CTC), using their filter-based microdevice, which they hold a patent on, is superior to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared CellSearch
Respiratory Chlamydophyla pneumoniae resides primarily in the lower airway
Authors: W.C. Webley, D.L. Hahn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:The name ''asthma nervosa'' [1] is linguistically incorrect.Asthma is a Greek neutral noun in a language that tries hard to keep its genders apart.Nervosa is a Latin adjective and this language also does not mix the genders: nervosa is feminine (as are anorexia and bulimia, two conditions for which nervosa is appropriate).Therefore, we should refer to asthma as nervosum (both neutral).This may sound slightly odd in English, and therefore, I would have no objection to ''nervous asthma''.However, if we want to pay tribute to the Classics, we should try to use them as correctly as possible.
Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination: a multicenter phase II trial in unfit patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer
Authors: J Carles, E Esteban, M Climent, A Font, J.L. Gonzalez-Larriba, A Berrocal, I Garcia-Ribas, X Marfa, X Fabregat, J Albanell, J Bellmunt
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
An Inactivated Cell-Culture Vaccine against Yellow Fever
Authors: Thomas P. Monath, Elizabeth Fowler, Casey T. Johnson, John Balser, Merribeth J. Morin, Maggie Sisti, Dennis W. Trent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Yellow fever is a lethal viral hemorrhagic fever occurring in Africa and South America. A highly effective live vaccine (17D) is widely used for travelers to and residents of areas in which yellow fever is endemic, but the vaccine can cause serious adverse events, including viscerotropic disease, which is associated with a high rate of death. A safer, nonreplicating vaccine is needed.In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, phase 1 study of 60 healthy subjects between 18 and 49 years of age, we investigated the safety and immunogenicity of XRX-001 purified whole-virus, β-propiolactone-inactivated yellow fever vaccine produced in Vero cell cultures and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvant. On two visits 21 days apart, subjects received intramuscular injections of vaccine that contained 0.48 μg or 4.8 μg of antigen. Levels of neutralizing antibodies were measured at baseline and on days 21, 31, and 42.The vaccine induced the development of neutralizing antibodies in 100% of subjects receiving 4.8 μg of antigen in each injection and in 88% of subjects receiving 0.48 μg of antigen in each injection. Antibody levels increased by day 10 after the second injection, at which time levels were significantly higher with the 4.8-μg formulation than with the 0.48-μg formulation (geometric mean titer, 146 vs. 39; P<0.001). Three adverse events occurred at a higher incidence in the two vaccine groups than in the placebo group: mild pain, tenderness, and (much less frequently) itching at the injection site. One case of urticaria was observed on day 3 after the second dose of 4.8 μg of vaccine.A two-dose regimen of the XRX-001 vaccine, containing inactivated yellow fever antigen with an alum adjuvant, induced neutralizing antibodies in a high percentage of subjects. XRX-001 has the potential to be a safer alternative to live attenuated 17D vaccine. (Funded by Xcellerex; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00995865.).
Glycemic Control in Prepubertal Years
Authors: H. Peter Chase
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

It has been suggested that prepubertal children with diabetes are protected against the adverse effects of poor diabetes control on the microcirculation. In this issue of Diabetes Care , Donaghue et al. (1) present evidence that the prepubertal years of diabetes add to the risk of diabetic complications, though not at the same rate as the postpubertal years. This is an important issue concerning the potential benefits and risks of intensive treatment in young patients.

A criticism of the Donaghue article might be the relatively small number of subjects, as only 90 of the original 193 adolescents were reassessed as young adults. The major factor examined in the article was duration of diabetes (prepubertal and postpubertal) in relation to eye and kidney damage. Duration obviously includes the many other influential factors (glycemic control, blood pressure levels, tobacco use, and other unknown factors). As in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (2), they found that a higher A1C during adolescence had an independent effect on the risk of retinopathy. There is no evaluation of prepubertal A1C levels mentioned, so the slower rate of development of retinopathy during the prepubertal versus the postpubertal years could have been due in part to lower A1C levels during …
In Vivo Characterization of a New Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mouse Model With Conventional and Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ahmed Klink, Joeri Heynens, Beatriz Herranz, Mark E. Lobatto, Teresa Arias, Honorius M.H.F. Sanders, Gustav J. Strijkers, Maarten Merkx, Klaas Nicolay, Valentin Fuster, Alain Tedgui, Ziad Mallat, Willem J.M. Mulder, Zahi A. Fayad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Regulatory mechanisms in cell-mediated immune responses. IV. Expression of a receptor for mixed lymphocyte reaction suppressor factor on activated T lymphocytes.
Authors: S S Rich, R R Rich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Suppression of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) by a soluble factor produced by alloantigen-activated spleen cells requires genetic homology between the factor-producing cells and responder cells in MLR. The ability of lymphocytes used as MLR responder cells to adsorb MLR suppressor factor was tested to investigate the expression of a receptor structure for suppressor molecules. Normal spleen or thymus cells had no effect on suppressor activity. Concanavalin A (Con A)-activated thymocytes, however, effectively removed suppressor activity, suggesting that the receptor is expressed only after activation and is not present or not functional on resting cells. Significantly neither phytohemagglutinin- nor lipopolysaccharide-activated lymphoid cells absorbed the factor. Furthermore, only Con A-activated thymocytes demonstrating genetic homology with the cell producing suppressor factor for H-2 regions to the right of I-E were effective absorbants. Alloantigen-stimulated spleen cells syngeneic to the suppressor cell also removed suppressor activity. These data support an hypothesis that subsequent to stimulation in MLR, T lymphocytes express a receptor, either through synthesis or alteration of an existing molecular structure, which then provides the appropriate site for interaction with suppressor molecules.
Fibrin degradation products in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R M Bennett, A C Eddie-Quartey, P J Holt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

The presence of fibrin in the joints, raised levels of blood fibrinogen, and an increased total daily fibrinogen turnover are well-known features of rheumatoid arthritis (Takeda, 1967) and inflammatory arthritis.A possible role for fibrin in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, through its action as copyright.
Risk factors for the development of bronchiolitis obliterans in children with bronchiolitis
Authors: A J Colom
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is an uncommon and severe form of chronic obstructive lung disease in children that results from an insult to the lower respiratory tract.A case-control study of children under the age of 3 years was performed in 109 cases and 99 controls to determine risk factors for the development of BO. Participants were evaluated by immunofluorescence viral tests, pulmonary function tests, and questions to assess tobacco and other exposures.Bronchiolitis due to adenovirus (odds ratio (OR) 49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12 to 199) and the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 11, 95% CI 2.6 to 45) were strongly and independently associated with an increased risk for BO. Factors not associated with post-infectious BO included age of the child, sex, and environmental tobacco exposure (either in utero or during infancy).Adenovirus infection and need for mechanical ventilation are significant risk factors for developing BO in children. Further research is needed to determine why these risk factors are so strong and how they may contribute to the development of the disease.
COLLES'S FRACTURE: AN EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL METHOD OF SPLINTING
Authors: W. M. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1929)

T TrnJ 765 tolerated, and in milder conditions the bulk of tlie carbo- hydrate may be taken as bread.The following skeleton dioet, which may be modified to suit the particular case, is i. use at the Royal Hospital.Meat, fish,
A Year's Experience in Student Mental Health at West Point
Authors: RICHARD C. U'REN, FRANCIS E. CONRAD, PETER H. PATTERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

A one-year study at West Point revealed that most cadets seen in the mental hygiene service did not have symptoms indicative of a major psychiatric illness; many were diagnosed as having adjustment reactions. Similar findings have been reported among students at civilian institutions. However, the cadets had lower rates of self-referrals and diagnoses of personality disorder and higher frequencies of suicide gestures and psychophysiological reactions.
Cortical Representation of Afferent Bodily Signals in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Laura E. Müller, André Schulz, Martin Andermann, Andrea Gäbel, Dorothee Maria Gescher, Angelika Spohn, Sabine C. Herpertz, Katja Bertsch
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

The ability to perceive and regulate one's own emotions has been tightly linked to the processing of afferent bodily signals (interoception). Thus, disturbed interoception might contribute to the core feature of emotional dysregulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD), as increased levels of depersonalization, body image disturbances, and reduced sensitivity to physical pain suggest poor body awareness in BPD.To determine neural correlates of disturbed body awareness in BPD and its associations with emotional dysregulation and to explore improvements in body awareness with BPD symptom remission.Case-control study performed at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. Heartbeat evoked potentials (HEPs), an indicator of the cortical representation of afferent signals from the cardiovascular system, were investigated in 34 medication-free patients with BPD, 31 healthy volunteers, and 17 medication-free patients with BPD in remission. The HEPs were assessed using 5-minute resting-state electroencephalograms and parallel electrocardiograms. Core BPD symptoms, history of childhood traumatization, and psychiatric disorders were assessed by means of self-reports and structured interviews. To measure neural correlates of disturbed body awareness, high-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and region-of-interest-based approaches. The study was performed between 2012 and 2014, and data analysis was performed in 2014.Mean HEP amplitudes in resting-state electroencephalograms and their correlation with self-reported emotional dysregulation, as well as with gray matter volume.Patients with BPD had significantly reduced mean HEP amplitudes compared with healthy volunteers (F1,61 = 11.32, P = .001), whereas the mean HEP amplitudes of patients with BDP in remission lie somewhere in between these 2 groups of participants (P > .05). The HEP amplitudes were negatively correlated with emotional dysregulation (R = -0.30, P = .01) and positively associated with gray matter volume in the left anterior insula (R = 0.53, P < .05) and the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (R = 0.47, P < .05), 2 structures that have been identified as core regions for interoception.The results indicate state-dependent deficits in the cortical processing of bodily signals in patients with BPD, which appear to be associated with core features of BPD. The analysis of patients with BPD in remission suggests an improvement in cortical representation of bodily signals with symptom remission. Results recommend the integration of techniques to strengthen bodily awareness in psychotherapeutic interventions of BPD.
Intrauterine exposure and pharmacology of conventional thiopurine therapy in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bindia Jharap, Nanne K H de Boer, Pieter Stokkers, Daniel W Hommes, Bas Oldenburg, Gerard Dijkstra, C Janneke van der Woude, Dirk J de Jong, Chris J J Mulder, Ruurd M van Elburg, Adriaan A van Bodegraven
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> Several studies have demonstrated a favourable safety profile for thiopurine use for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during pregnancy. We performed a study in pregnant patients with IBD who were using thiopurines, in order to determine the influence of pregnancy on thiopurine metabolism and to assess intrauterine exposure of the fetus to thiopurines. <h3>Design</h3> Female patients with IBD receiving steady-state thiopurines and planning a pregnancy were prospectively enrolled. 6-Thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) concentrations were determined, combined with routine laboratory tests, before, during and after pregnancy. Thiopurine metabolites were measured in umbilical cord blood immediately after delivery. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty patients who were using azathioprine (28 patients, median dose 1.93 mg/kg) or mercaptopurine (two patients, doses 1.32 and 0.94 mg/kg) were included. During pregnancy, median 6-TGN decreased over time (p=0.001). while 6-MMP increased, without causing myelotoxicity or hepatotoxicity. After delivery, both 6-TGN and 6-MMP levels returned to preconception baseline levels. Fetal 6-TGN concentrations correlated positively with maternal 6-TGN levels (p&lt;0.0001). No 6-MMP was detected in the newborns, except one born with pancytopenia and high alkaline phosphatase activity; the mother of this infant had severe pre-eclampsia. All infants had normal Apgar scores, but 60% had anaemia at birth. No major congenital abnormalities were observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Pregnancy has a major effect on maternal thiopurine metabolism. In utero the unborn child is exposed to 6-TGN, but not to 6-MMP. Sixty per cent of the infants were born with anaemia, which raises the question whether infants should be tested for possible anaemia immediately after birth.
NON-STRUCTURAL CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE AS THE SOURCE OF PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS
Authors: R. W. WAGGONER, N. MALAMUD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

A syndrome, characterized clinically by rapidly fluctuating psychic, neurologic and vasomotor reactions and pathoanatomically by complex changes referable to the meningovascular system of the brain, is presented. The occurrence of this condition as an independent disorder and as a complication in the course of a psychosis and psychoneurosis is illustrated. The syndrome is interpreted as a combined effect of psychic stress and of a vulnerable vasomotor system.
Cell Therapy of Stage IV Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Autologous Epstein-Barr Virus–Targeted Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Patrizia Comoli, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Rita Maccario, Sabrina Basso, Ornella Carminati, Massimo Labirio, Roberta Schiavo, Simona Secondino, Chiara Frasson, Cesare Perotti, Mauro Moroni, Franco Locatelli, Salvatore Siena
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) –related malignancy expressing EBV antigens that are possible targets of cell therapy, including latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2). We conducted a clinical trial of EBV-targeted cell therapy with autologous virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for NPC refractory to conventional treatments. Patients and Methods Ten patients with EBV-related stage IV NPC in progression after conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy received intravenously autologous EBV-specific CTLs reactivated and expanded ex vivo from peripheral blood lymphocytes through stimulation with EBV-transformed autologous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Toxicity, specific cellular immune responses, and clinical tumor responses were evaluated. Results EBV-specific CTLs could be generated in all patients and were predominantly CD3 + /CD8 + T lymphocytes displaying specific killing of autologous EBV-LCL, autologous NPC cells as well as autologous targets bearing the EBV antigen LMP2. Patients received two to 23 infusions of EBV-specific CTLs that were well tolerated with the exception of grade 1 to 2 inflammatory reactions at the tumor site in two cases. Control of disease progression was obtained in six of 10 patients (two with partial response and four with stable disease). Analysis of interferon-γ–producing cells demonstrated an increased frequency of EBV-specific immunity, with appearance of LMP2-specific responses in four patients, of whom three had clinical benefit. Conclusion Cell therapy with EBV-targeted autologous CTLs is safe, induces LMP-2-specific immunologic responses, and is associated with objective responses and control of disease progression in patients with stage IV NPC resistant to conventional treatments.