tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trephining in Epilepsy in Doubtful Cases
Authors: W. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1893)

TREPHINING IN EPILEPSYLT z JOu 1149 pence, with hard base, which was seen at operation, about 1 inclh from pylorus on duodenum.Commnencement of descending part of duodenum tound down by a hard cicatricial mass.Duodenum kinked, hard, and contracted, so as to admit fingerwith difficulty.On opening this portion of intestine some freslh ulceration is seen.At two places perforation lhas only been prevented by peritonieal coats.Opening between stomachl and jiejunum of large size, and unioil perfect; distal end of jejunumii poilnts in same direction as pylorus.The stomachl wall is very thin, and cavity of immense size.SPECIMEN iv, from a patient in whom gastro-enterostomy lhad beenl per- forrmed by Dr. Hume for cancerous stricture of pylorus five mnonitlhs anid a-half before death.Oni examining this opening between stomach and jejunum it will be seen that the orifice has contracted, and only adiimits the little finger.The silk tlhreads used to stitch peritoneum and mucous coats of stomach are still adherent to opening.CASE v.-T.A., aged 56.Six montlhs ago paini commenced after food, and hias conitinued sinice.Five montlhs ago vomiiting commenced; vomnit never fermenited, or miiore than a pint at a tinme.A grey-haired, anxious- aooking iranl, with piiclhed features; feeble anid asthmatic.On examina- tionl a tumnour of irr egular triangular slhape was found in the abdomen, on :a level with the umbilicus.It extended from 1 inch below the umiibilicus tto lnear costal arch vertically, and from middle line to outer edge of rectus transversely.It was tender on pressure, and descended almoiost I inch oIn deep inspiration, but felt conisiderably fixed.There was no evidence of dilatation of the stomiachl, wlhiel lheld a pinit and a-lhalf.The operation of gastro-enterostomy -was performed on April 28th, 1892.A lar-ge malignant growth, involving tlle pylorus, was seen, and small nocdules of excreta oIn the intestines and ornentum were observed.The operation was followed by no coinstitutional disturbance, and muclh relief iollowed.The patient died of disseminated peritoiieal cancer on July 29tll, 1893, alid I am indebted to Dr. Fielden, of Shildon, for this specimen.Examiniation shows an opening large enouglh to admit two finger tips betwveen stomachl anid jejunum.The threads of silver used to stitel tile inucous incimbrane and peritoneal wall of the stomaclh together alre still -attached.Tile stomachl is not dilated, and its walls are hlealtlhy, except for a large pyloric growtli whiclh completely blocks the pyloi-ic openinlg.'Tlle portioni of tranisverse coloni in contact with the growthl lhas been i.nvaded by it, anid is strictured so as to admit witl dtfficulty tie first tinger.
IL-17E upregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lung fibroblasts
Authors: Séverine Létuvé, Stéphane Lajoie-Kadoch, Séverine Audusseau, Marc E. Rothenberg, Pierre-Olivier Fiset, Mara S. Ludwig, Qutayba Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Cross-Over Study Evaluating the Oral Neurokinin-1 Antagonist Aprepitant in Combination With a 5HT3 Receptor Antagonist and Dexamethasone in Patients With Germ Cell Tumors Receiving 5-Day Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy Regimens: A Hoosier Oncology Group Study
Authors: Costantine Albany, Mary J. Brames, Christopher Fausel, Cynthia S. Johnson, Joel Picus, Lawrence H. Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Aprepitant, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (5HT3-RA), and dexamethasone are standard antiemetic therapy for prevention of single-day, cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III cross-over study that compared aprepitant to placebo combined with standard antiemetic prophylaxis (a 5HT3-RA and dexamethasone) in patients receiving 5 days of cisplatin combination chemotherapy for testicular cancer.Patients receiving two consecutive identical courses of a 5-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to aprepitant 125 mg on day 3 and 80 mg per day on days 4 through 7 or to placebo with the initial course and crossover to the opposite treatment with the second course. The primary objective was complete response (CR). Secondary end points were emetic episodes (acute and delayed), nausea measurement based on a visual analog scale (VAS), and patient-stated preference after the second study cycle.In all, 71 patients were screened for the study and 69 were evaluable. Thirty-five patients were randomly assigned to receive aprepitant and 34 to receive placebo for the first course. Forty-two percent achieved CR with aprepitant compared with 13% with placebo (P < .001). Eleven patients (16.2%) had at least one emetic episode during the aprepitant cycle versus 32 patients (47.1%) with placebo. Thirty-eight patients preferred the aprepitant cycle whereas 11 preferred placebo (P < .001). There was no statistical difference in VAS for nausea, but it was numerically superior with aprepitant. There was no toxicity with aprepitant compared with placebo.There was a significant improvement in CR rate with aprepitant combined with a 5HT3-RA and dexamethasone. Patient preference strongly favored the aprepitant cycle.
Keratoacanthoma, The Self-Healing Cancer
Authors: Lawrence M. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article by Frederick A. J. Kingery on "The Self-Healing 'Cancer' " in the July 12th issue (<b>193</b>:149, 1965) serves a very worthy purpose in that it calls to the attention of the medical profession a lesion which has been, in many cases, treated as a malignancy while it is, in fact, benign. However, I believe that there are many of us who feel that forms of therapy other than excision and roentgen should be considered. Certainly, complete excision should be adequate. Irradiation in most cases is contraindicated because of the possibility of radiodermatitis. It has been my custom for many years to shave these lesions off for biopsy, curette the base thoroughly, and then paint the base with a ferric subsulfate solution (Monsel's solution, N.F. mentioned in (Transactions of the Pacific Dermatologic Association 14th Annual Meeting, 1962). In areas where this maneuver is not feasible, such
The counsel of imperfection
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

I was born into a liberal home in a modest nation. One Friday night we watched the late night horror movie Vampire Circus . My mother almost choked on her rich tea biscuit at the full female frontal nudity. I was unable to meet her gaze for weeks. We shut our eyes during the sex education video of a screaming woman giving birth, and only the new romantic boys wore make up at school. Today, it’s all lipstick, crop tops, …
Blood-Pressure in General Practice.
Authors: Percival Nicholson
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Functional subclasses of T-lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. I. The generation of functionally distinct T-cell subclasses is a differentiative process independent of antigen.
Authors: H Cantor, E A Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Ly alloantigens coded by two unlinked genetic loci (Ly-1 and Ly-2/Ly-3) are expressed on lymphoid cells undergoing thymus-dependent differentiation. Peripheral Thy-1+ cells from C57BL/6 mice can be divided into three subclasses on the basis of differential expression of Ly-1, Ly-2, and Ly-3; about 50% express all three Ly antigens (Ly -123+), about 33% only Ly-1 (Ly-1+), and about 6-8% Ly-2 and Ly-3 (Ly-23+). Cells of the Ly-123+ subclasses are the first peripheral Thy-1+ cells to appear in ontogeny, and are reduced in the periphery shortly after adult thymectomy. In contrast, Ly-1+ and Ly-23+ subclasses appear later in the peripheral tissues than do Ly-123+ cells, and are resistant to the early effects of adult thymectomymperiheral lymphoid populations depleted of Ly-1+ cells and Ly-123+ cells (and thereby enriched for Ly-23+ cells) were incapable of developing significant helper activity to SRBC but generated substantial levels of cytotoxic activity to allogeneic target cells. The same lymphoid populations, depleted of Ly-23+ cells and Ly-123+ cells (and thereby enriched for Ly-1+ cells), produced substantial helper responses but were unable to generate appreciable levels of killer activity. These experiments imply that commitment of T cells to participate exclusively in either helper or cytotoxic function is a differentiative process that takes place before they encounter antigen, and is accompanied by exclusion of different Ly groups, Lu-23 or Ly-1 respectively, from TL+Ly-123+ T-cell precursors. It is yet to be decided whether the TL-phase by Ly-123+ subclass is a transitional form or a separately differentiated subclass with a discrete immunologic function.
Structure-function relationships among highly diverse T cells that recognize a determinant from influenza virus hemagglutinin.
Authors: A H Taylor, A M Haberman, W Gerhard, A J Caton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We have analyzed the structural and genetic basis for T cell recognition of the complex formed between antigen and class II products of the major histocompatibility complex by performing sequence analysis of T cell receptors (TCRs) induced in response to the helper T cell site 1 of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. The results demonstrate, first, that structurally highly diverse TCRs can be utilized in recognition of the same antigen/I-Ed complex: 12 of 13 TCRs utilize unique V alpha/V beta gene segment combinations, suggesting that approximately 70 different V alpha/V beta combinations are available to BALB/c mice in response to this determinant. Second, comparison of these sequences with the ability of each hybridoma to recognize a panel of peptide analogues suggests that alpha and beta chains of these TCRs frequently determine specificity for the NH2-terminal and the COOH terminal portions, respectively, of the site 1 determinant.
Nurse-Assisted Counseling for Smokers in Primary Care
Authors: Jack F. Hollis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Physician-delivered advice to stop smoking is effective, but time demands often reduce the number of smokers who receive assistance. We evaluated three nurse-assisted interventions designed to minimize physician burden and increase counseling in primary care settings.Randomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up.Internal medicine and family practice offices in a health maintenance organization.Smokers (n = 3161) who were patients of participating physicians or other medical care providers (n = 60).Medical care providers delivered a 30-second stop-smoking prompt to 2707 smokers and referred them to an on-site nurse smoking counselor. The nurse randomly provided a two-page pamphlet (advice control) or one of three nurse-assisted interventions: 1) self-quit training; 2) referral to a group cessation program; or 3) a combination of self-quit training and referral. Each nurse-delivered intervention included a 10-minute video, written materials, and a follow-up phone call.Physicians delivered brief advice to 86% of identified smokers during the 1-year program. The proportion of participants reporting abstinence after both 3 and 12 months of follow-up nearly doubled (P = 0.01) for the nurse-assisted self-quit (7.1%), group-referral (7.6%), and combination (6.9%) interventions, compared to brief physician advice alone (3.9%) (P < 0.05). Saliva cotinine tests confirmed these effects (P < 0.004), although quit rates were lower (3.4%, 4.7%, 4.3%, and 2.3%, respectively) because roughly one half of quitters chose not to provide a saliva sample and were counted as smokers.Involving nurses in counseling smokers reduces physician burden, makes counseling more likely, and significantly increases cessation rates compared with brief physician advice alone.
Mechanical properties of the esophageal wall
Authors: Raj K. Goyal, Piero Biancani, Aris Phillips, Howard M. Spiro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Pressure-diameter curves of the esophagus were obtained to define its mechanical properties. The mucosal contribution to the strength of the esophagus was negligible until the outer diameter almost doubled, suggesting that small intraluminal pressures are held by the muscle layer alone. For larger deformations mucosal contribution increased and at failure the mucosa held over one-half of the failure pressure of the esophagus. The paths followed during loading and unloading are different and exhibit hysteresis. They are influenced by the rate of pressure change, being more compliant for low rates of pressure change. They are influenced by the history of loading, being different for successive loading-unloading cycles. If enough loading-unloading cycles are repeated a stable loop is reached, which does not change thereafter. Both the mucosa and the whole esophagus show increasing stiffness with increasing pressure. This behavior can be represented by a simple exponential relationship. However, at rapid rates of pressure increases, the esophageal muscles produce sigmoid loading curves, which gradually become exponential when repeating loading.
TCT-460 Magnitude of Stent Expansion Influences Local In-Stent Hyperplasia and Lumen Changes Following Stent Implantation in Humans
Authors: Masaya Tsuda, Yasuhiro Makita, Michail I. Papafaklis, Saeko Takahashi, Antonios Antoniadis, Ahmit U. Coskun, Shingo Mizuno, Shigeru Saito, Charles Feldman, Peter Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Sprouty2 Association with B-Raf Is Regulated by Phosphorylation and Kinase Conformation
Authors: Suzanne C. Brady, Mathew L. Coleman, June Munro, Stephan M. Feller, Nicolas A. Morrice, Michael F. Olson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Sprouty2 is a feedback regulator that controls the Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway at multiple levels, one way being through direct interaction with Raf kinases. Consistent with a role as a tumor suppressor, Sprouty2 expression is often down-regulated in human cancers. However, Sprouty2 is up-regulated in some cancers, suggesting the existence of posttranscriptional mechanisms that permit evasion of Sprouty2-mediated antitumorigenic properties. We report that MAPK activation induces Sprouty2 phosphorylation on six serine residues, which reduced Sprouty2 association with wild-type B-Raf. Mutation of these six serines to nonphosphorylatable alanines increased the ability of Sprouty2 to inhibit growth factor-induced MAPK activation. Oncogenic B-Raf mutants such as B-Raf V600E did not associate with Sprouty2, but this resistance to Sprouty2 binding was not due to phosphorylation. Instead, the active kinase conformation induced by oncogenic mutation prevents Sprouty2 binding. These results reveal a dual mechanism that affects the Sprouty2/B-Raf interaction: Sprouty phosphorylation and B-Raf conformation.
Cigarette Smoking Inhibits Acid-Stimulated Duodenal Mucosal Bicarbonate Secretion
Authors: Mark A. Ainsworth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine the effect of cigarette smoking on proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, an important defense mechanism against acid and peptic damage. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Clinical research laboratory in a university hospital. Patients: Thirteen healthy adults (7 smokers and 6 nonsmokers) who had no history of peptic ulcer disease. Interventions: Participants smoked (1 cigarette/15 min during a period of 1 hour, smokers only) or sham smoked (puffing on an unlit cigarette) during duodenal perfusion with saline, hydrochloric acid, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Measurements: Collection of proximal duodenal secretions using a modified duodenal tube with occluding balloons and quantitation of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion. Results: During sham smoking both smokers and nonsmokers had comparable basal as well as H+-stimulated and PGE2-stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion. Compared with sham smoking, smoking did not significantly alter basal bicarbonate secretion (201 mol/cm per hour [95% CI, 152 to 250 mol/cm per hour] compared with 178 mol/cm per hour [CI, 134 to 222 mol/cm per hour], respectively). However, compared with sham smoking, smoking markedly reduced (P < 0.01) the increase in duodenal bicarbonate secretion in response to luminal acidification by approximately 80% (from 242 mol/cm per hour [CI, 41 to 443 mol/cm per hour] to 53 mol/cm per hour [CI, 107 to 197 mol/cm per hour]); a decrease was observed in each participant. In contrast, smoking had no significant effect on the response to luminal PGE2. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking markedly inhibited acid-stimulated human duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion. This adverse effect of smoking may, at least in part, explain the role of cigarette smoking in the pathogenesis and natural history of duodenal ulcer disease.
Survey of mal de debarquement.
Authors: C. R. Gordon, O. Spitzer, A. Shupak, I. Doweck
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Mal de debarquement, or "land sickness," is a transient sensation of tumbling, swinging, unsteadiness, and disequilibrium reported by passengers and crew after returning to land from long sea voyages.Although mal de debarquement is mentioned in classic texts on seasickness,' 2 there are no specific studies concerning the nature and extent of this phenomenon.A computer search of the literature yielded only one publication dealing with persistent (not transient) mal de de- barquement.3We report a survey of the incidence of mal de debarquement and its relation to experience at sea and susceptibility to seasickness.
Studies in Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas
Authors: Lucas L. Kulczycki, Harry Shwachman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

RECTAL prolapse occurs most commonly in the very young and the very old.1 It is stated to be common in childhood,2 and yet its true incidence is unknown. Our interest in rectal prolapse was aroused in the course of a study of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. We had been aware of this complaint in patients with cystic fibrosis for a number of years, and of its occasional appearance as the initial complaint. However, we had no appreciation of the frequency of this complication in cystic fibrosis. We are prompted to report our observations on rectal prolapse not . . .
WHO is criticised for political process used when choosing its new Africa director
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The World Health Organization has appointed a new director of its African regional office. Matshidiso Moeti will take over from the current director, Luis Gomes Sambo, on 1 February 2015 when Sambo’s 10 year term of office expires.

Moeti has worked in WHO’s African regional office since 1999. She started as regional adviser for women’s and adolescent health, then worked as regional adviser for HIV/AIDS and director of the division of non-communicable diseases before becoming deputy regional director. Before working at WHO she led the epidemiology unit at Botswana’s ministry of health and has worked at Unicef and UNAIDS.

Five candidates received nominations for the …
Bell's palsy and herpes.
Authors: R. Macbeth
Journal: BMJ (1970)

safe and effective prophylactic," and because "50% of acute infarcts develop major ventricular dysrythmias."(4) Consider intravenous atropine for bradycardia.(5) If the pulse is irregular with runs of ectopic beats 50mg. of lignocaine slowly intravenously and the rest of the syringe pack intramuscularly.(6) Finally, beseech the ambulance men to give a smooth, steady, clammer-free ride to Treliske's coronary care unit.-I am, etc.,
Cell-interaction molecules on immunocompetent lymphocytes. Development of anti-parent cell-interaction-molecule-receptor reactions in F1 hybrid mice and evidence for a unique F1 hybrid subset of interacting cells.
Authors: D H Katz, L R Katz, C A Bogowitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The experiments presented herein demonstrate that F1-parent T-B cell cooperation in vivo is significantly diminished by the addition of lymphoid cells of opposite parental type. This inhibition phenomenon is not a straightforward allosuppression mechanism as (a) it can be induced by parental lymphoid cells depleted by T cells, (b) it does not operate on cooperative interactions between homologous T and B cells of opposite parental type, and (c) absolutely requires the presence of F1 cells as participants in the reactions generated. The possible involvement of alloantibodies produced aberrantly under the experimental conditions employed has been ruled out by direct macrophage/antigen-presenting cell components of the reactions has been excluded. Because the presence of parental lymphoid cells only affects cooperative interactions between F1 T cells and B lymphocytes of opposite parental type but has no inhibitory effect on cooperative interactions between homologous F1, T and B cells, this (and other points discussed herein) strongly argues for the existence of one or more subsets of F1 interacting partner cells that are uniquely specific for F1, as distinct from either parental type cell interaction determinants. For reasons discussed, it appears that the most likely mechanism underlying such parental cell-induced inhibitory effects on F1-parent partner cell interactions is the development of anti-self cell interaction structure responses by F1 cells against the relevant self-specific cell-interaction structures of the parental partner cells involved.
Near-Fatal Hyperkalemia Due to Ingestion of Salt Substitute by an Infant
Authors: Ronald J. Kallen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PREPARATIONS of salt substitute, containing high concentrations of potassium chloride, are readily available and are intended for persons on a table salt (sodium chloride)-restricted diet. We report the occurrence of near-fatal hyperkalemia in an 8-month-old infant without renal disease, who was inadvertently given a large dose of a commercially available salt substitute.  Report of a Case  An 8-month-old infant was brought to the emergency room of Wyler Children's Hospital (University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics) by his mother on June 15, 1975. The infant had become stiff with rolling back of the eyes on two occasions about one hour prior to arrival at the hospital. He was unresponsive for two to three minutes each time. A few days earlier, a mild upper respiratory tract infection had developed, and on the day of admission, the patient had emesis on two or three occasions, diarrhea eight or nine times, and became anorectic. He