tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research in the Medical School Curriculum-Reply
Authors: Robert N. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In Reply.—  I am pleased to read that Dr Gullen is in agreement with my belief that some training in the scientific method is necessary for medical students.  However, I am distressed that he considers record room research to be a quick and dirty method. Record room research is a form of retrospective study and is an accepted method of investigation in medical science.  While there are disadvantages in not meeting the patients involved at the outset, it is also true that the researcher in the record room can be more methodical in defining the criteria of the research problem. Also, it is extremely difficult to accumulate large statistical samples of patients by relying solely on patients whom one has actually treated, especially in the case of rare disease.  Record room research can be combined with follow-up interviews with former patients and their relatives, as was so successfully done in
Assessment of Value of Glycosylated Albumin and Protein in Detection of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Edmond A Ryan, Renee Stark, Peter M Crockford, Ampha Suthijumroon
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

There is a recognized need for the early detection of gestational diabetes, and a single blood test, if reliable, would be advantageous. Because serum albumin and total protein are glycosylated and have short life spans, we investigated the usefulness of glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein in the detection of gestational diabetes. We studied five groups, each with 20 subjects: nonpregnant and pregnant controls, nonpregnant and pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients, and gestational diabetic patients. All patients with no history of diabetes had an oral glucose tolerance test to define their carbohydrate status. Our results showed that percent glycosylated albumin and percent glycosylated proteinwere significantly elevated in both groups of IDDM patients compared with the other groups. However, gestational diabetic patients had glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein values similar to those of both control groups. Both glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein correlated well with HbA1c determinations. Thus, glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein may be a good index of glycemic control, but they are of little value in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes because of a lack of sensitivity: 8 and 3% for glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein, respectively.
PROPHYLAXIS OF PUERPERAL INFECTION
Authors: Henry Farrell
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —The mere substitution of the jar for the pan, especially in hospitals, would save the lives of at least 90 per cent of the 8,000 women who die annually in the United States from puerperal infection. Fowler's position—drain and contraction—was the dictum of Polak.
Glycolipid antigen induces long-term natural killer T cell anergy in mice
Authors: Vrajesh V. Parekh, Michael T. Wilson, Danyvid Olivares-Villagómez, Avneesh K. Singh, Lan Wu, Chyung Ru Wang, Sebastian Joyce, Luc Van Kaer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I–related glycoprotein CD1d. The in vivo dynamics of the NKT cell population in response to glycolipid activation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a single administration of the synthetic glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) induces long-term NKT cell unresponsiveness in mice. NKT cells failed to proliferate and produce IFN-γ upon α-GalCer restimulation but retained the capacity to produce IL-4. Consequently, we found that activation of anergic NKT cells with α-GalCer exacerbated, rather than prevented, B16 metastasis formation, but that these cells retained their capacity to protect mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NKT cell anergy was induced in a thymus-independent manner and maintained in an NKT cell–autonomous manner. The anergic state could be broken by IL-2 and by stimuli that bypass proximal TCR signaling events. Collectively, the kinetics of initial NKT cell activation, expansion, and induction of anergy in response to α-GalCer administration resemble the responses of conventional T cells to strong stimuli such as superantigens. Our findings have important implications for the development of NKT cell–based vaccines and immunotherapies.
Preventing Stroke Among Blacks
Authors: Ralph L. Sacco
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: D M Squirrell, J F Talbot
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Throughout the industrialized world the complications of diabetic retinopathy remain the major cause of preventable visual loss in persons of working age. A reduction by one-third or more in new blindness due to diabetes has been adopted as one of the key 5-year targets in the St Vincent declaration,1 and the best way to achieve this aim is a national strategy of screening for diabetic retinopathy. In this article we review the rationale and supporting evidence for a screening programme for diabetic retinopathy. We also debate the arguments for and against the screening modalities that are currently used in the UK.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ACTIVITIES OF MATURE GRANULOCYTES IN LEUKEMIC AND NORMAL BLOOD 1
Authors: A. I. Braude, Joyce Feltes, Martin Brooks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

The abnormal appearance and number of granulocytes in the various leukemias suggest that phagocytosis by granulocytes in all stages of maturity might be so disturbed that leukemic patients might become more susceptible to bacterial infections than normal persons. Phagocytic activity among immature granulocytes is only slight but increases with maturity and becomes prominent among metamyelocytes and mature leukemic neutrophils (1-4). It has not been established, however, whether mature leukemic neutrophils are equal in phagocytic activity to normal mature neutrophils. Such a comparison has been attempted by Hirschberg (5) who concluded that the mature neutrophils in leukemic blood displayed less phagocytic activity than mature neutrophils in normal blood. Her results are open to question, however, because comparisons were made between phagocytic systems which were not uniform with respect to: 1) The number of phagocytes per unit volume; 2) quantity of opsonin; and 3) character of suspending menstruum. She also neglected to take into account the possible effect of antileukemic treatment on the phagocytic properties of leukocytes.
'Critical Moment' at Hand in HIV/AIDS Pandemic, New Global Strategy to Arrest Its Spread Proposed
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

MEETING IN Amsterdam, the Netherlands, this week at the VIII International Conference on AIDS, nearly 10 000 delegates from around the world are taking stock of the past decade and looking at the future of the pandemic in a new way. "When we take into account everything we've learned scientifically, in attempts at prevention, and in the experience of fighting this epidemic for 10 years, we realize that the earlier view— which of necessity focused on the virus and on individual behavior that transmits the virus—is too limited," says Jonathan Mann, MD, conference chair. "In fact, it's too limited to succeed." Even as physicians, laboratory and social scientists, and untold numbers of dedicated individuals and groups gave battle, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and death from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome spread to every part of the globe. It has recently been reported even from such antipodean outliers as
Left Ventricular Chamber Volume, Mass, and Function in Severe Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: CHARLES E. RACKLEY, H. DAVIS DEAR, WILLIAM A. BAXLEY, WILLIAM B. JONES, HAROLD T. DODGE
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Twenty-three patients, 15 of whom had clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of previous myocardial infarction, were studied by coronary arteriography and biplane angiocardiography. End-diastolic volume ranged from 55 to 317 ml/m 2 , left ventricular mass from 83 to 294 g/m 2 and ejection fraction from 0.13 to 0.75. An increased enddiastolic volume was associated with an increased left ventricular mass (r = 0.77, P &lt; 0.01). In 15 of the 23 patients mitral regurgitant volume ranged from 0.7 to 4.7 L/min/m 2 and an end-diastolic volume greater than 154 ml/m 2 was associated with mitral regurgitation. The ejection fraction was significantly reduced in the absence as well as the presence of mitral regurgitation. These observations on coronary artery disease in 23 patients with refractory angina pectoris or persistent congestive heart failure, or both, reveal that in this group of patients (1) a dilated left ventricle was hypertrophied and the extent of hypertrophy was proportional to the dilatation; (2) an enlarged left ventricle was frequently associated with mitral regurgitation; and (3) dilatation, hypertrophy, and mitral regurgitation were interpreted as manifestations of reduced left ventricular performance.
Sodium Chloride Excretion Following Salt Loading in Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: PAUL T. COTTIER, JOHN M. WELLER, SIBLEY W. HOOBLER
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Patients with essential hypertension show an altered renal excretory response to sodium chloride loading. Hypertensive patients acutely eliminate a greater proportion of a salt and water load than do normotensive subjects. This renal abnormality appears to be due to an augmented tubular rejection of sodium chloride and water. This study further defines the nature and extent of this alteration in electrolyte and water metabolism.
Etanercept plus methylprednisolone as initial therapy for acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: John E. Levine, Sophie Paczesny, Shin Mineishi, Thomas Braun, Sung W. Choi, Raymond J. Hutchinson, Dawn Jones, Yasser Khaled, Carrie L. Kitko, Daniel Bickley, Oleg Krijanovski, Pavan Reddy, Gregory Yanik, James L. M. Ferrara
Journal: Blood (2007)
AQP4 transfected into mouse cholangiocytes promotes water transport in biliary epithelia
Authors: Patrick L. Splinter, Anatoliy I. Masyuk, Raul A. Marinelli, Nicholas F. LaRusso
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Rodent cholangiocytes express 6 of the 11 known channel proteins called aquaporins (AQPs) that are involved in transcellular water transport in mammals. However, clarifying the role of AQPs in mediating water transport in biliary epithelia has been limited in part because of the absence of physiologically relevant experimental models. In this study, we established a novel AQP4-transfected polarized mouse cholangiocyte cell line suitable for functional studies of transepithelial water transport, and, using this model, we define the importance of this AQP in water transport across biliary epithelia. Polarized normal mouse cholangiocytes (NMCs) lacking endogenous AQP4 were transfected stably with functional AQP4 or cotransfected with functional AQP4 and a transport-deficient AQP4 dominant negative mutant using a retroviral delivery system. In transfected NMCs, AQP4 is expressed on both the mRNA and protein levels and is localized at both the apical and basolateral membranes. In nontransfected NMCs, the transcellular water flow, P f , value was relatively high ( i.e. , 16.4 ± 3.2 μm/sec) and likely was a reflection of endogenous expression of AQP1 and AQP8. In NMCs transfected with AQP4, P f increased to 75.7 ± 1.4 μm/sec, that is, by 4.6-fold, indicating the contribution of AQP4 in channel-mediated water transport across MNCs monolayer. In cotransfected NMCs, AQP4 dominant negative reduced P f twofold; no changes in P f were observed in NMCs transfected with the empty vector. In conclusion, we developed a novel polarized mouse cholangiocyte monolayer model, allowing direct study of AQP4-mediated water transport by biliary epithelia and generated data providing additional support for the importance of AQP4 in cholangiocyte water transport. (Hepatology 2004;39:109-116.)
Epilepsy Induced by Cardiac Pacemaker
Authors: Gordon K. Danielson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

FOR MANY YEARS it has been recognized that specific sensory stimuli can precipitate convulsive attacks in susceptible individuals. Such reflex or sensory precipitated epilepsy (SPE) is uncommon and is found in only 5% to 7% of patients with epilepsy.<sup>1,2</sup>The following communication describes an unusual type of SPE in which seizures were initiated by the periodic discharge of an implanted cardiac pacemaker. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pacemaker-induced epilepsy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 72-year-old white woman was admitted to the University of Kentucky Hospital on Nov 25, 1964, with a history of seizures which had begun three days prior to admission. The attacks occurred several times a day and were accompanied by tonic and clonic contractions, tongue biting, and unconsciousness. They were preceded by an aura of bright lights and noises and left the patient feeling dizzy and tired. Although she reported frequent
ACUTE ENCEPHALITIC PARKINSONISM
Authors: BERNARD J. ALPERS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The case herein described is of interest because of the development of a paralysis agitans syndrome almost immediately following an attack of acute epidemic encephalitis. It is of further interest because the condition lasted only a short time, and has not recurred in two years. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —L. F., a Jewish boy, aged 15, entered the Philadelphia Orthopedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, Nov. 26, 1924, complaining of pain, twitching and stiffness in his right shoulder and arm. The family history is unimportant. Both parents were alive and in good health, and the patient was the second in a family of four. His birth and development had been entirely normal. While not particularly bright in his school work, he had done very well and at the time of entrance to the hospital he was in his first year of high school. He was an active youngster, fond
IMPACT OF GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL ON SIX-MONTH ANGIOGRAPHIC AND TWO-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN DIABETIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENTS
Authors: Seung Woon Rha, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Meera Kumari, Ji Young Park, Byoung Geol Choi, Yun Kyung Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Cadmium-binding proteins in the mussel, Mytilus edulis.
Authors: J M Frazier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Inducible cadmium-binding proteins (Cd-BP) in the mussel, Mytilus edulis, were resolved into two molecular weight components, designated Cd-BP10 and Cd-BP20, by gel-permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Each of these two molecular weight components were further resolved into four subcomponents by DEAE-ion-exchange chromatography. All eight subcomponents bound cadmium and exhibited significant UV absorption at 254 nm and little absorption at 280 nm. Each subcomponent was purified and subjected to amino acid composition analysis. Two classes were identified, one having higher cysteine (23.9-26.6 mole-%) and lower glutamic acid contents compared to the other class (11.6-18.2 mole-% cysteine). All subcomponents have a relatively high glycine content (approximately 15 mole-%) relative to mammalian metallothioneins (approximately 8 mole-%). Although the Cd-BP20 have apparent molecular weights almost twice the Cd-BP10, the exact molecular relationship between these binding proteins is not known.
Collateral conductance changes during a brief coronary occlusion in awake dogs.
Authors: S Brazzamano, J M Fedor, J C Rembert, J C Greenfield
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Function of the coronary collateral circulation during the course of a single abrupt coronary occlusion was evaluated in awake dogs instrumented over the long term. Studies were performed approximately 2 weeks after collateral development had been stimulated in the dogs by partial stenosis of the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. The pressure drop from the central aorta to the distal circumflex coronary artery was measured continuously. Under control conditions and at 30 sec and 4 min of a single abrupt complete circumflex occlusion, myocardial blood flow was determined by a radioactive microsphere technique. Coronary collateral conductance was calculated as mean collateral blood flow divided by the mean drop in pressure. The following was noted in dogs that developed collateral vessels: during the coronary occlusion, mean distal circumflex coronary pressure increased from 42 +/- 9 to 49 +/- 10 mm Hg (p less than or equal to .01); mean collateral flow increased from 0.78 +/- 0.30 to 0.84 +/- 0.33 ml/min/g (p less than or equal to .05); the endocardial/epicardial flow ratio increased from 0.77 +/- 0.36 to 1.04 +/- 0.25 (p less than or equal to .01); and the coronary collateral conductance increased significantly from 0.017 +/- 0.017 to 0.021 +/- 0.021 (ml/min/g)/mm Hg (p less than or equal to .005). These data suggest that during a brief occlusion of a major coronary artery, immature coronary collateral channels do not reach maximal function immediately after the occlusion. Rather, coronary collateral conductance increases with time and may be associated with improved transmural perfusion of the myocardium.
Replication of Paget cells in mammary and extramammary Pages disease
Authors: C. PIERARD-FRANCHIMONT, G. E. PIERARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Replication of Paget cells in mammary and extramammary Paget's disease was evaluated by autoradiography after incorporation of tritiated thymidine. Neoplastic cells proliferated in the deepest layers of the epidermis suggesting a topographical control of their multiplication similar to that of the normal epidermis.
Clinical Application of Captopril Renal Scintigraphy in Takayasu??s Arteritis
Authors: ANTONIO G. BALINGIT, JAY H. ANDERSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Takayasu's disease (pulseless disease) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the medium and large arteries, with a strong predilection for the aortic arch and its branches; hence, it sometimes is referred to as aortic arch syndrome. The etiology is unknown, although a systemic immunologic process seems most likely. About half the reported cases also revealed involvement of the pulmonary and renal arteries. The involvement is more marked in the origin of the vessel than distally. Although it is more common among Orientals, its distribution is worldwide, without racial boundary. A case is presented in which captopril renal scintigraphy and digital subtraction angiography were used to show renal artery stenosis as the cause of the patient's hypertension.
Gallium Imaging in a Case of Hodgkin??s Disease with Involvement of the Liver
Authors: MOHAN MAKHIJA, ISRAEL REBARBER, DAVID SHARON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

In a patient with known Hodgkin's disease and suspected hepatic involvement, biopsy of the right lobe of the liver did not show evidence of tumor. The left lobe was found to be Involved on Ga-67 imaging, and a biopsy of the left lobe showed Hodgkin's disease.
Augmentation of cerebral perfusion by simultaneous chest compression and lung inflation with abdominal binding after cardiac arrest in dogs.
Authors: R C Koehler, N Chandra, A D Guerci, J Tsitlik, R J Traystman, M C Rogers, M L Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Recent studies have demonstrated that for the same chest compression force during mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the carotid artery-to-jugular vein pressure gradient and carotid blood flow are increased when the phasic rise of intrathoracic pressure is enhanced by abdominal binding and simultaneous ventilation at high airway pressure with each chest compression (SCV). The objective of the present study was to assess whether cerebral blood flow is also enhanced, since it is known that fluctuations in intrathoracic pressure are transmitted to the intracranial space and affect intracranial pressure (ICP). In two series of pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, one of two CPR techniques was initiated immediately after inducing ventricular fibrillation. Brain blood flow was measured by the radiolabeled microsphere technique immediately before cardiac arrest and at 1 and 3 minutes after commencing CPR. Evidence of adequate mixing of spheres and lack of sedimentation under these low-flow conditions was verified by correlation with brain venous outflow, comparison of the arterial concentration-time profile of spheres and a nonsedimentary marker (thallium-201 in solution), and use of multiple arterial sampling sites. During SCV CPR with abdominal binding, mean carotid artery pressure (60 +/- 3 mm Hg) was higher than that during conventional CPR (25 +/- 2 mm HG). Pulsations of ICP occurred that were in phase with chest compression and greater than jugular venous pressure. Mean ICP was higher during SCV (46 +/- 2 mm Hg) than conventional CPR (20 +/- 2 mm Hg). However, the net brain perfusion pressure gradient (carotid artery pressure - ICP) was greater with SCV (14 +/- 3 mm Hg) than with conventional CPR (5 +/- 0.4 mm Hg). Cerebral blood flow was significantly greater during SCV CPR (32 +/- 7% of prearrest cerebral flow) than during conventional CPR (3 +/- 2%). We conclude that SCV CPR combined with abdominal binding substantially improved brain perfusion by enhancing cerebral perfusion pressure in this experimental model.
BEHIND THE SCENES IN COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: HERBERT DORKEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Comprehensive community mental health programs follow the pattern of public health philosophy which places the need for community service paramount to individual considerations. Public support and professional participation are seen as the cornerstones of such a program, but both the social and professional aspects are influenced by factors which we tend to overlook. In the community mental health field we have been all too prone to develop services without consideration to solving the vast community problems created by a wide range of disordered behavior. Proper integration and control of local services could have a preventive impact. This must become the ultimate goal, for without it, there is no solution.