tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease and Death After Cardiovascular Events in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Maneesh Sud, Navdeep Tangri, Melania Pintilie, Andrew S. Levey, David Naimark
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5 (glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m(2)) are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease when compared with patients with less severe chronic kidney disease. How CV events modify the subsequent risk of progression to end-stage-renal disease (ESRD) or all-cause mortality (ACM) before ESRD is not well known.This retrospective cohort study involved 2964 chronic kidney disease subjects referred between January 2001 and December 2008 to the nephrology clinic at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario. Interim CV events (heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke), ESRD, and ACM were ascertained from administrative data. Over a median follow-up time of 2.76 years (interquartile range, 1.45-4.62), 447 (15%) subjects had a CV event. In the same time period, 318 (11%) developed ESRD, and 446 (15%) experienced ACM before ESRD (156 [5%] from a CV and 290 [10%] from a non-CV-related cause). When analyzed as a time-dependent variable, an interim CV event was associated with a higher risk of subsequent ESRD (hazard ratio, 5.33; 95% confidence interval, 3.74-7.58) and ACM before ESRD (hazard ratio, 4.15, hazard ratio, 3.30-5.23). The hazard ratio for CV-related death versus non-CV-related death before ESRD was 12.38 (95% confidence interval, 8.30-18.45) versus 2.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.57-2.87).CV events are common in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5 and are associated with a substantial increase in the risk of ESRD and ACM before ESRD. Intensive primary and secondary prevention strategies may help attenuate this risk.
Varenicline, Smoking Cessation, and Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events
Authors: Robert D. Gibbons, J. John Mann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a black box warning for varenicline regarding neuropsychiatric events. The authors used data from randomized controlled trials and from a large Department of Defense (DOD) observational study to assess the efficacy and safety of varenicline.
Anxiety and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Low–Tumor Burden Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Randomly Assigned to Two Different Rituximab Dosing Regimens: Results From ECOG Trial E4402 (RESORT)
Authors: Lynne I. Wagner, Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Michael E. Williams, Randy D. Gascoyne, John C. Krauss, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald S. Go, Thomas M. Habermann, Joseph W. Leach, Brian O'Connor, Stephen J. Schuster, David Cella, Sandra J. Horning, Brad S. Kahl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare illness-related anxiety among participants in the Rituximab Extended Schedule or Retreatment Trial (RESORT) randomly assigned to maintenance rituximab (MR) versus rituximab re-treatment (RR). A secondary objective was to examine whether the superiority of MR versus RR on anxiety depended on illness-related coping style. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 253) completed patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures at random assignment to MR or RR (baseline); at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after random assignment; and at rituximab failure. PRO measures assessed illness-related anxiety and coping style, and secondary end points including general anxiety, worry and interference with emotional well-being, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients were classified as using an active or avoidant illness-related coping style. Independent sample t tests and linear mixed-effects models were used to identify treatment arm differences on PRO end points and differences based on coping style. Results Illness-related anxiety was comparable between treatment arms at all time points (P &gt; .05), regardless of coping style (active or avoidant). Illness-related anxiety and general anxiety significantly decreased over time on both arms. HRQoL scores were relatively stable and did not change significantly from baseline for both arms. An avoidant coping style was associated with significantly higher anxiety (18% and 13% exceeded clinical cutoff points at baseline and 6 months, respectively) and poorer HRQoL compared with an active coping style (P &lt; .001), regardless of treatment arm assignment. Conclusion Surveillance until RR at progression was not associated with increased anxiety compared with MR, regardless of coping style. Avoidant coping was associated with higher anxiety and poorer HRQoL.
Accurate sustained measurement of intra-luminal pressure from the microvasculature
Authors: A. J. Raper, J. E. Levasseur
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

A system designed faithfully to record intra-luminal pressure from small arteries or veins (90–150 μ radius) has been perfected, tested, and used extensively. The system utilizes a modified Statham strain gauge, PE tubing (594 μ in diameter) and a small stainless-steel needle. Dynamic response (N.F. = 40–120 cps) is tested and recorded before each use, and can be deliberately adjusted by changing needle length, tubing length, etc. Frequent zero pressure references and static calibration in situ are possible. Continuous recordings of duration up to 3 hr are obtainable
Is λ an appropriate control variable for locomotion?
Authors: Thomas M. Hamm, Zong-Sheng Han
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The lambda model predicts that the command received by each motor nucleus during locomotion is specific for the joint at which its muscle acts and is independent of external conditions. However, investigation of the commands received by motor nuclei during fictive locomotion and of the sensitivity of these commands to feedback from the limb during locomotion indicates that neither condition is satisfied.
Phase I Evaluation of Oral and Intravenous Vinorelbine in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Mary Johansen, John Kuttesch, W. Archie Bleyer, Mark Krailo, Matthew Ames, Timothy Madden
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Vinorelbine (Navelbine) is an orally absorbable Vinca with broad antitumor activity. It differs from other Vinca in that it is structurally modified on the catharanthine nucleus and has differential actions on tubulin that render it less neurotoxic than other compounds in this class. We conducted a phase I study of vinorelbine given the activity of Vinca alkaloids in many pediatric tumors. Experimental Design: We evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral and i.v. vinorelbine administered weekly × 6 in children (age, 2-17 years) with different tumors. Patients with disease involvement in the bone marrow were eligible but were stratified and dose-escalated separately. Oral vinorelbine (week 1) was administered as liquid-filled gelatin capsules at thrice the i.v. dose. Intravenous vinorelbine doses of 24 to 37.5 mg/m2 were administered on weeks 2 to 6. Results: The dose-limiting toxicity in patients without marrow involvement was reversible neutropenia. Common nonhematologic toxicities included ≤ grade 2 nausea/vomiting and increased hepatic transaminases. A higher mean i.v. ClTB was observed (1.75 ± 1.0 L/h/kg) compared with adult reports, with a mean t1/2B of 16.5 ± 9.7 hours. Mean oral bioavailability was 28.5 ± 22.5%. The apparent oral clearance (12.1 ± 13.0 L/h/kg) and volume of distribution (69.4 ± 30.6 L/kg) were substantially higher than in adults given similar oral doses. Conclusions: The maximum tolerated dose in children without bone marrow involvement was 30 mg/m2, similar to that reported in adults, with myelosuppression being the dose-limiting toxicity. Higher plasma clearance resulted in lower area under the plasma concentration-time curves at a given dose compared with that reported in adults.
Is preparation for bronchoscopy optimal?
Authors: J. Pickles, M. Jeffrey, A. Datta, A.A. Jeffrey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The results of a questionnaire survey, of the current preparation for and practice of diagnostic bronchoscopy in England and Wales, are reported in this paper. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) has recently published guidelines on bronchoscopy and these provide a consensus statement on the current evidence base. There is no specific guidance on drugs or techniques, although it is recommended that all patients should be offered sedation, except where there are contraindications. In the present survey, there was a response rate of 76%, (344 responses to 452 questionnaires) and the median number of bronchoscopies performed per session was 5 (interquartile range 4-6). Most operators use lignocaine gel to the nose (65%), spray to the throat (70%), followed by the "spray as you go" method (84%), recommended by the BTS. Atropine is routinely used by 13% contrary to the guidelines and despite concerns about its side-effects. Most operators use sedation with midazolam (85%) or a wide variety of combinations of sedative, analgesic, and anaesthetic agents (27%), and 27% perform unsedated bronchoscopies, with only 0.1% routinely performing unsedated bronchoscopies. A total 251 (77%) responders stated they assessed adequacy of sedation, with most using patient observation alone (149 (46%)). Only three operators assessed sedation using a formal sedation score. Thus, most centres routinely perform sedated bronchoscopies and the systematic level of monitoring is poor. The current controversies about sedation and safe sedation practice are discussed. There is a need for more evidence to allow more specific guidance to be produced in this difficult area.
Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and microarray-based RNA expression of HER2 in relation to outcome
Authors: J. Bergqvist, J.F. Ohd, J. Smeds, S. Klaar, J. Isola, H. Nordgren, G.P. Elmberger, H. Hellborg, J. Bjohle, A.-L. Borg, L. Skoog, J. Bergh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
LPS-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) gene mutation in a family with inflammatory bowel disease and combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Abdullah Alangari, Abdulrahman Alsultan, Nouran Adly, Michel J. Massaad, Iram Shakir Kiani, Abdulrahman Aljebreen, Emad Raddaoui, Abdul-Kareem Almomen, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Raif S. Geha, Fowzan S. Alkuraya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Viral G Protein–Coupled Receptor and Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: Ethel Cesarman, Enrique A. Mesri, Marvin C. Gershengorn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

The most recently identified human herpesvirus, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), has been found to be a necessary, although perhaps not sufficient, etiologic agent for all forms of KS ([1][1])([2][2]). This virus is also invariably present in a rare
Acute graft-versus-host disease: grade and outcome in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Working Party Chronic Leukemia of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: A Gratwohl, J Hermans, J Apperley, W Arcese, A Bacigalupo, G Bandini, P di Bartolomeo, M Boogaerts, A Bosi, E Carreras
Journal: Blood (1995)
Monocyte–vascular smooth muscle cell interaction enhances nitric oxide production
Authors: Uichi Ikeda, Yoshikazu Maeda, Hiroshi Funayama, Yukihiro Hojo, Michiyo Ikeda, Seiji Minota, Shogo Kano, Kazuyuki Shimada
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: The adhesive interaction of monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been suggested to be a regulatory signal in the cellular activation that is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of monocyte–VSMC interaction on inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression. Methods: NO production by the cultured cells was determined by measuring the nitrite content of the culture media using the Griess reagent. The expression of inducible NO synthase protein was assayed by Western blotting. Results: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced nitrite production by VSMCs in a time-dependent manner. The addition of the mouse monocyte cell line J774 to IL-1β-stimulated VSMCs further increased nitrite production in a monocyte number-dependent manner. Enhanced nitrite production by coculture was accompanied by increased inducible NO synthase protein accumulation. Addition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) also enhanced IL-1β-induced nitrite production by VSMCs, but TNF-α showed no effect in the presence of monocytes. Coculture of monocytes and VSMCs in the presence of IL-1β secreted substantial amounts of TNF-α. The production of nitrite by coculture was markedly inhibited by an anti-TNF-α antibody. Conclusions: The present study revealed that direct cell-to-cell interaction between monocytes and VSMCs enhances NO production, suggesting an important role for their interaction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Renal Transplantation from Non-Heart Beating Donors
Authors: ANA I. SÁNCHEZ-FRUCTUOSO, DOLORES PRATS, JAIME TORRENTE, M. JESÚS PÉREZ-CONTÍN, CRISTINA FERNÁNDEZ, JOAQUÍN ALVAREZ, ALBERTO BARRIENTOS
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

The aim of this study was to compare the survival and midterm function of kidneys from non-heart beating donors (NHBD) with those of kidneys from heart beating donors (HBD). From 1989 to 1998, 144 kidneys were procured from NHBD at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid, of which 95 were transplanted. The kidney grafts were maintained from the moment of the diagnosis of cardiac arrest until the time of procurement by cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no significant difference in renal function and the number of rejection episodes between the NHBD and HBD transplants. The NHBD kidneys showed a 5.73-fold increase in the incidence of delayed graft function (adjusted relative risk 95% confidence interval, 2.82 to 11.62). One- and five-year survival rates for NHBD grafts were 84.6 and 82.7%, respectively, compared with 87.5 and 83.9% for HBD (P = 0.5767). Cox analysis showed that the predictive factors for worse NHBD graft survival were type of NHBD donor and the occurrence of corticoresistant rejection. Ninety of the NHBD organs were procured from subjects suffering irreversible cardiac arrest on the street who were transferred to our center for the sole purpose of donation. Fifty-four of these kidneys were transplanted and all showed primary function. When a strict protocol is adhered to, the outcome of renal transplant from NHBD compares well with that from HBD. It is believed that the high number of organs obtained from subjects undergoing irreversible cardiac arrest on the street might encourage the adoption of new criteria for the management of this type of pathology with the ultimate goal of kidney donation.
British Lung Foundation patient experience survey of people diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Judy Harris, Rachel Reeves, Martin Allen, Ian Jarrold, James Horne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder, but it is estimated that up to 80% of sufferers remain undiagnosed. There are no nationally agreed UK minimum standards.  Our purpose was to investigate patient knowledge of OSA and their experience of clinical services.  Staff at 53 UK sleep clinics gave out questionnaires to patients with OSA between May and September 2013. Completed surveys were returned by FREEPOST or via the internet.  2,671 people returned usable questionnaires. The 44% who had heard of OSA before diagnosis sought medical help on average 10 months earlier than those who had not. 11% of drivers said they had fallen asleep driving and 2% admitted having a road traffic accident caused by sleepiness but at diagnosis only 62% of drivers were told of the requirement to inform the UK Driver and Vehicle Licencing Authority (DVLA). 62% had positive emotional reactions to their diagnosis, a common one being relief. Only 56% received written information about OSA at diagnosis. 92% were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which almost all said was the best treatment for them. Treatment had a highly significant positive impact on wellbeing for all patient groups, but improvements were significantly greater for those who: had more severe OSA; reacted positively to diagnosis; were using CPAP for more hours per night; had weight problems; were younger.  These results highlight the need: to raise awareness of OSA in the general population; for a positive patient experience at diagnosis and to provide mechanisms to encourage CPAP compliance. They also identify gaps in providing patient information about OSA, and advising patients about informing the DVLA.
Interaction between p53 Mutation and a Somatic HDMX Biomarker Better Defines Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer
Authors: Anna M. Grawenda, Elen K. Møller, Suzanne Lam, Emmanouela Repapi, Amina F.A.S. Teunisse, Grethe I.G. Alnæs, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Vessela N. Kristensen, Colin R. Goding, Aart G. Jochemsen, Hege Edvardsen, Gareth L. Bond
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

TP53 gene mutation is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer, but additional biomarkers that can further refine the impact of the p53 pathway are needed to achieve clinical utility. In this study, we evaluated a role for the HDMX-S/FL ratio as one such biomarker, based on its association with other suppressor mutations that confer worse prognosis in sarcomas, another type of cancer that is surveilled by p53. We found that HDMX-S/FL ratio interacted with p53 mutational status to significantly improve prognostic capability in patients with breast cancer. This biomarker pair offered prognostic utility that was comparable with a microarray-based prognostic assay. Unexpectedly, the utility tracked independently of DNA-damaging treatments and instead with different tumor metastasis potential. Finally, we obtained evidence that this biomarker pair might identify patients who could benefit from anti-HDM2 strategies to impede metastatic progression. Taken together, our work offers a p53 pathway marker, which both refines our understanding of the impact of p53 activity on prognosis and harbors potential utility as a clinical tool.
A New Approach to Integrating Data From Multiple Informants in Psychiatric Assessment and Research: Mixing and Matching Contexts and Perspectives
Authors: Helena C. Kraemer, Jeffrey R. Measelle, Jennifer C. Ablow, Marilyn J. Essex, W. Thomas Boyce, David J. Kupfer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

When there exists no single source of information (informant) to validly measure a characteristic, it is typically recommended that data from multiple informants be used. In psychiatric assessment and research, however, multiple informants often provide discordant data, which further confuse the measurement. Strategies such as arbitrarily choosing one informant or using the data from all informants separately generate further problems. This report proposes a theory to explain observed patterns of interinformant discordance and suggests a new approach to using data from multiple informants to measure characteristics of interest.Using the example of assessment of developmental psychopathology in children, the authors propose a model in which the choice of informants is based on conceptualizing the contexts and perspectives that influence expression of the characteristic of interest and then identifying informants who represent those contexts and perspectives in such a way as to have the weaknesses of one informant canceled by the strengths of another.Applications of this approach to several datasets indicate that when these principles are followed, a more reliable and valid consensus measure is obtained, and failure to obtain a reliable, valid measure is indicative of some deviation from the principles.In obtaining a consensus measure, the issue is not determining how many informants are needed but choosing the right set of informants.
Reducing Disparities in Breast Cancer Care—A Daunting but Essential Responsibility
Authors: Rachel A. Freedman, Eric P. Winer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Disparities in breast cancer care and outcomes by race and ethnicity are well documented.For example, black women have a lower incidence of breast cancer than their white counterparts but have a higher overall mortality ( 1 ).The inferior outcomes observed among black women are multifactorial in origin and can be attributed to many factors including more advanced stage at diagnosis ( 2 , 3 ), a lower proportion of hormone receptor -positive tumors ( 4 ), differences in comorbidity ( 5 ), provider variability ( 6 ), and a range of socioeconomic and cultural factors ( 7 -10 ).Unraveling the complex relationship between race and socioeconomic status (SES) is difficult.Research has often focused on census data and populationbased registries with variable inclusion of education, income, and insurance status into the analyses ( 11 -13 ).Even when studies have controlled for SES, race appears to influence the likelihood that a patient will receive standard adjuvant treatment ( 11 -13 ).Because breast cancer care requires that a patient see several physicians and receive a series of treatments, the failure to transition from one step to the next can result in suboptimal care.It is Reducing Disparities in Breast Cancer Care -A Daunting but Essential ResponsibilityRachel A. Freedman , Eric P. Winer well documented that women from underserved populations are less likely to receive radiation therapy ( 14 , 15 ), chemotherapy ( 16), and hormonal therapy ( 16 ) than their white counterparts.It is also known that adjuvant treatment improves disease-free and overall survival, and by extrapolation, failure to receive effective therapy would lead to inferior outcomes ( 17 , 18 ).However, the extent to which inadequate treatment leads to less favorable survival outcomes in underserved women is not fully understood.Some stud
Phase I pharmacokinetic study of a weekly liposomal paclitaxel formulation (Genexol®-PM) in patients with solid tumors
Authors: W.T. Lim, E.H. Tan, C.K. Toh, S.W. Hee, S.S. Leong, P.C.S. Ang, N.S. Wong, B. Chowbay
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Comparison of single and multichannel cystometry in diagnosing bladder instability.
Authors: J R Sutherst, M C Brown
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The abilities of single channel cystometry and standard multichannel cystometry to diagnose bladder instability were compared in 100 women taking part in a single blind crossover trial. In 93 of the women both tests yielded the same result. The single channel system detected every case of detrusor instability but in seven women suggested detrusor contractions that were not evident on multichannel cystometry. These were probably due to changes in abdominal pressure. It is concluded that single channel cystometry when used in conjunction with simple urethral tests can provide most of the information that is obtained in specialist centres investigating bladder function.