tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial pneumonia and tracheitis in a pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study.
Authors: M J Fayon, M Tucci, J Lacroix, C A Farrell, M Gauthier, L Lafleur, D Nadeau
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We conducted a prospective study in the multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit (pediatric ICU) of a tertiary-care university hospital in order to determine the incidence, risk markers, risk factors, and complications related to bacterial nosocomial pneumonia (BNP) and tracheitis (BNT) in children. A cohort of 1,114 consecutive admissions to the pediatric ICU was enrolled over a 56-wk period; 154 cases were excluded mostly (75%) because they already had a respiratory infection at entry. The final sample included 960 admissions (831 patients). Diagnosis of BNP or BNT was based on Centers for Disease Control of Atlanta criteria using a consensus method involving three experts, who also attributed complications to BNP and BNT. A total of 29 BNP and BNT (3.0%; 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.1%) were diagnosed (BNP: 1.2%, 95% CI: 0.7 to 1.9%; BNT: 1.8%, 95% CI: 0.8 to 2.6%). Three factors were retained by multivariate analysis as independent risk factors or markers for BNP (immunodeficiency, immunosuppression, and neuromuscular blockade), and two for BNT (head trauma and respiratory failure). Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus were the microorganisms most frequently found in the tracheal aspirates. Prescription of antibiotics was commonly attributable to BNP (75%) and BNT (59%). Death, as well as multiple organ system failure, resulted from BNP in 8% of cases, but never from BNT. In BNT, the reintubation rate was 24%. Nosocomial bacterial respiratory infections are rare in critically ill children. However, BNP causes significant complications, and more attention should be focused on BNT in the critically ill child.
Control of Cachexia and Ascites During Chronic Hemodialysis by Bilateral Nephrectomy.
Authors: L. N. Feingold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Control of Cachexia and Ascites During Chronic Hemodialysis by Bilateral Nephrectomy.L. N. Feingold, M.D., F. X. Walsh, M.D., R. A. Gutman, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. C. Gunnells, M.D., F.A.C.P., R. R. Robinson, M.D., F.A.C.P.L. N. Feingold, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, F. X. Walsh, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. A. Gutman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. C. Gunnells, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. R. Robinson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-829_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNine patients on repetitive hemodialysis have died after the appearance of progressive cachexia, loss of lean body mass, and ascites of uncertain cause. All patients had hypertension that responded poorly to control of extracellular fluid volume and drugs. Five patients had a long-standing history of severe hypertension prior to dialysis. Cardiac catheterization in two patients, peritoneal membrane biopsy in two, estimates of gastrointestinal protein loss in three, measurements of protein concentration in ascitic fluid (1 to 6 g/100 ml), and postmortem examination in six, showed no explanation for either ascites or cachexia. Peritoneal infection during antecedent peritoneal dialysis had occurred... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham, North Carolina. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 829-829KeywordsAscitesBiopsyCatheterizationDrug regulationDrugsHypertensionMedical dialysisMembrane proteinsNephrectomyPeritoneal dialysis Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Public health aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: G J Gibson
Journal: Thorax (1998)

The following three articles in this issue of Thorax 1-3 summarise the contributions to a lively symposium on public health aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which I had the pleasure of chairing at the meeting of the British Thoracic Society in December 1997. The symposium followed the publication in the BMJ of a systematic review by Wright and colleagues on the health effects of obstructive sleep apnoea and the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure.4Their main conclusions were that the relevance of sleep apnoea to public health had been exaggerated and the effectiveness of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) had been poorly evaluated. The authors questioned whether sleep apnoea was “a separate disease entity or a marker or a symptom of obesity and ageing” and they suggested that the morbidity associated with sleep apnoea was due to confounding factors, particularly obesity. In relation to CPAP treatment, they concluded that the quality of controlled trials was “poor” and that no studies had included “an adequate placebo”. Anecdotal evidence from several centres suggests that the final sentence of their paper: “Calls for widespread investment in health service provision in this topic may be premature” has been taken to heart in considerable measure by purchasing authorities throughout the UK and further afield.

The juxtaposition in the paper by Wright et al 4 of reviews of the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality possibly associated with sleep apnoea and the efficacy of treatment with CPAP could easily lead the clinically naive purchaser to infer that CPAP treatment is used to prevent such long term vascular consequences. As Davies2 points out, this is not the case—the aim of treatment is to control the morbidity associated with disabling sleepiness. As it happens, a similar review of CPAP treatment was carried out almost …
Generalist plus Specialist Palliative Care — Creating a More Sustainable Model
Authors: Timothy E. Quill, Amy P. Abernethy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Countermeasuresanyone injured by research; and provisions must be made to engage communities throughout the course of research.Routine preexposure prophylaxis in military personnel has resulted in observational studies of AVA in young adults, but additional data from adult populations -from dose-sparing studies, for example -are needed before pediatric testing can be ethically considered.With additional safety data, the level of risk to young adults could be inferred with increased statistical confidence.Such an inference, in turn, would influence a possible minimal-risk design of a series of age-deescalating safety and immunogenicity studies.Sound science must always respect our ethical obligations to protect children from unnecessary risks.Medical countermeasure research warrants an ongoing national conversation to ensure an unwavering commitment to safeguard all children both from unacceptable risks in research and through research promoting their health and well-being.
The Department of Defense's External Civilian Peer Review of Medical Care
Authors: Michael J. Torma
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Kellys<sup>1</sup>excellent editorial comments that followed the article entitled "A First Report of the Department of Defense External Civilian Peer Review of Medical Care"<sup>2</sup>raised several points. The integrated quality assurance system that is used by the US Air Force actually goes well beyond civilian external peer review data. Approximately 5% of the cases that "pass" review criteria are also looked at through 1 or more of 20 other quality of care mechanisms. Sharing Dr Kelly's view that "review criteria should be continually validated," quality assurance planners at the Department of Defense set up monthly reviews to do just that when the project was begun. Also sharing Dr Kelly's concern that cases in which no occurrence screening criteria had ostensibly been violated should be checked, the air force performs a verification audit on 5% of all discharges for which no positive occurrences were identified.
The Hand: Diagnosis and Indications
Authors: Kingsbury G. Heiple
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The second edition of Graham Lister's volume on the hand is very attractive and will be of significant interest to surgeons concerned with the care of the hand as well as to appropriate hospital and medical libraries. It is not addressed to the nonspecialist. The text is extremely well organized and includes an excellent introductory chapter on the general management of injury. Well illustrated with a variety of clinical examples, it covers the gamut from minimal repair to the maximum flap coverage and skin deficit problems. There follows a good review on reconstruction, again with problems well illustrated with a mixture of excellent drawings and photographs of representative cases. The examination and evaluation portions of this book are usually well done, and, as a result, it could also serve as an excellent primary text for the resident in training learning the basic elements of hand examination and evaluation in relationship
Breast Cancer Induced by Radiation
Authors: Norman Simon
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This communication reports cases of 16 women in who cancer of the breast developed after radiation therapy for acne or hirsutism, suggesting another group at higher risk than is generally expected for cancer of the breast. It is prudent to regard the carcinogenic effect of radiation on the breast as proportional to dose without a threshold. Mammography in young women should be ordered only selectively, not for screening.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Keith M. Skubitz, Philip R. Craddock, Daniel J. Weisdorf, James E. Niedel, Tucker W. LeBien, John H. Kersey, Richard D. Brunning, Janet L. Parkin, Patrick J. Flynn, Dale E. Hammerschmidt
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A 50-year-old man had chronic myelogenous leukemia and entered a blast crisis that was both morphologically and histochemically lymphoid. The blasts contained terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase and expressed lymphoblastic leukemia-associated antigen. He rapidly entered remission with vincristine sulfate and prednisone therapy. Nevertheless, his blasts displayed a marker generally considered unique to myeloid cells: they selectively bound the granulocyte chemotaxin N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. In addition, some cells contained granules resembling those of basophils or mast cells. Such mixed myeloid-lymphoid features in chronic myelogenous leukemia blast cells may reflect malignant transformation of a stem cell capable of both myeloid and lymphoid differentiation, or they may reflect the dedifferentiation as a feature of malignant change.
ORAL DISOPYRAMIDE FOR THE PREVENTION OF ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ADMITTED TO OPEN WARDS
Authors: N. Zainal, J.W. Griffiths, D.J.S. Carmichael, E.M.M. Besterman, P.H. Kidner, A.D. Gillham, G.D. Summers
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
Challenges in Estimating the Total Burden of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Ted Cohen, Caroline Colijn, Abigail Wright, Matteo Zignol, Alexander Pym, Megan Murray
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease/World Health Organization Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance recently released the fourth global survey, which documents the highest burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) yet reported. The best estimate of the number of new cases of multidrug-resistant disease occurring in 2006 is close to half a million and the recent recognition of extensively drug-resistant TB underscores the need for expanded surveillance, especially in areas in which TB control programs have been compromised by an escalating burden of TB and HIV. We review current methods used for drug resistance surveillance and describe methodologic obstacles for estimating the true extent of the problem, particularly in settings where HIV/TB coinfection is common or where a substantial portion of TB cases are treated in the private sector. We highlight practical challenges to the validity of surveillance studies and discuss how additional investment in laboratory capacity, diagnostic technologies, and sentinel site surveillance can improve our ability to estimate of the burden of drug-resistant TB.
Lillian's Vision
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased and pathologic emperipolesis of neutrophils within megakaryocytes associated with marrow fibrosis in GATA-1low mice
Authors: Lucia Centurione, Angela Di Baldassarre, Maria Zingariello, Domenico Bosco, Valentina Gatta, Rosa Alba Rana, Vincenzo Langella, Antonio Di Virgilio, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Anna Rita Migliaccio
Journal: Blood (2004)
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia caused by lipoprotein lipase defect in lipid-interface recognition was relieved by administration of medium-chain triglyceride
Authors: Kohji Shirai, Junji Kobayashi, Hidekuni Inadera, Yuji Ohkubo, Seijiro Mori, Yasushi Saito, Sho Yoshida
Journal: Metabolism (1992)
NIH Panel Report of 'No Flaws' in FIAU Trial at Variance With FDA Report, New Probe Planned
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE TRAGIC deaths of five patients in a National Institutes of Health (NIH) study of the experimental hepatitis drug fialuridine or fluoroidoarauracil (FIAU) were, given the circumstances, "unavoidable" and due to a wholly new type of unexpected and delayed liver toxicity. There were no noteworthy flaws in the conduct of the study. This is the conclusion of an exhaustive review of the situation conducted by a subcommittee of the NIH Director's Advisory Committee chaired by David R. Challoner, MD, vice president for health affairs, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, and David M. Kipnis, MD, distinguished university professor of medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo. The inquiry was conducted at the request of NIH Director Harold Varmus, MD, and the report presented at a committee meeting on June 2. This report, the second to follow the deaths, could be viewed as at variance with an earlier
The Presentation by the CDC of Data on AIDS-Reply
Authors: James W. Curran
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Caceres raises several concerns about AIDS patient data reported to the CDC and the ways in which these data are presented. The CDC has long recognized that some AIDS patients have multiple risk factors.<sup>1-3</sup>The patient classification system most commonly used is hierarchical<sup>2-5</sup>because it is both simple and straightforward. It will not always accurately reflect how each individual acquired HTLV-III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) infection and AIDS, but it does reflect the most likely route of transmission.<sup>6</sup>For example, a homosexual/bisexual man who had received a blood transfusion may have acquired HTLV-III/LAV infection in a nonsexual way, but for surveillance purposes, would be classified in the homosexual/bisexual group. However, if 5% of the adult population are gay men and if they have the same risk of transfusionassociated AIDS as the rest of the US adult population,<sup>6</sup>then the number of transfusion-associated cases may actually
The Binary Endocardial Appearance Is a Poor Discriminator of Anderson-Fabry Disease From Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Stavros Kounas, Camelia Demetrescu, Antonios A. Pantazis, Andre Keren, Philip J. Lee, Derralynn Hughes, Atul Mehta, Perry Mark Elliott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
ALEXIA FROM CYST CAUSED BY BULLET WOUND—OPERATION—DEATH.
Authors: G. W. McCASKEY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The following case is reported simply to illustrate the value of that form of aphasia known as alexia as a localizing symptom, and which led in this case to a successful surgical procedure. Mrs. T., aged 31, was referred to me by a surgeon for diagnosis, with a view to operation if deemed advisable. Seven years before my examination she was shot in the head, by some unknown person, while riding in a buggy after dark. The bullet entered the skull 4½ inches to the left of the sagittal suture, and ½ inch in front of the binauricular line, proceeding in an unknown direction. She was in bed two months, and for four weeks was semi-conscious and delirious. After getting out of bed she was unable to walk alone for four months. From this time on she was able to walk with a limp, the right leg being distinctly paretic.
Eltrombopag for Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Cirrhosis Associated with Hepatitis C
Authors: John G. McHutchison, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Samuel Sigal, Marc Bourliere, Thomas Berg, Stuart C. Gordon, Fiona M. Campbell, Dickens Theodore, Nicole Blackman, Julian Jenkins, Nezam H. Afdhal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Eltrombopag is a new, orally active thrombopoietin-receptor agonist that stimulates thrombopoiesis. We evaluated its ability to increase platelet counts and facilitate treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with thrombocytopenia associated with HCV-related cirrhosis.Seventy-four patients with HCV-related cirrhosis and platelet counts of 20,000 to less than 70,000 per cubic millimeter were randomly assigned to receive eltrombopag (30, 50, or 75 mg daily) or placebo daily for 4 weeks. The primary end point was a platelet count of 100,000 per cubic millimeter or more at week 4. Peginterferon and ribavirin could then be initiated, with continuation of eltrombopag or placebo for 12 additional weeks.At week 4, platelet counts were increased to 100,000 per cubic millimeter or more in a dose-dependent manner among patients for whom these data were available: in 0 of the 17 patients receiving placebo, in 9 of 12 (75%) receiving 30 mg of eltrombopag, in 15 of 19 (79%) receiving 50 mg of eltrombopag, and in 20 of 21 (95%) receiving 75 mg of eltrombopag (P<0.001). Antiviral therapy was initiated in 49 patients (in 4 of 18 patients receiving placebo, 10 of 14 receiving 30 mg of eltrombopag, 14 of 19 receiving 50 mg of eltrombopag, and 21 of 23 receiving 75 mg of eltrombopag) while the administration of eltrombopag or placebo was continued. Twelve weeks of antiviral therapy, with concurrent receipt of eltrombopag or placebo, were completed by 36%, 53%, and 65% of patients receiving 30 mg, 50 mg, and 75 mg of eltrombopag, respectively, and by 6% of patients in the placebo group. The most common adverse event during the initial 4 weeks was headache; thereafter, the adverse events were those expected with interferon-based therapy.Eltrombopag therapy increases platelet counts in patients with thrombocytopenia due to HCV-related cirrhosis, thereby permitting the initiation of antiviral therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00110799.)
Bone Imaging in “Giant” Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: C P. Wong, T K. AuYong, C M. Tong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 54-year-old man was found to have a giant cell tumor of the right femur 30 years ago. The tumor was treated by excision and radiotherapy. Local and iliac involvement occurred later and the disease remained static after chemotherapy. 3-phase Tc-99m bone scintigraphy, done for possible recurrence in a small right-thigh mass, showed a huge mass in the right iliac and right femoral region. The tumor showed mild hypervascularity, and faint bone tracer uptake in the parenchyma. CT showed a mostly isodense lesion with mild contrast enhancement. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell tumor and there was no malignant transformation. This is a “giant” giant cell tumor.
Virulence of Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Influenza Virus
Authors: J. S. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1969)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Although SARS-CoV-2 infects the upper respiratory tract, we know little about the amount, type, and kinetics of antibodies (Ab) generated at this site in response to intramuscular COVID-19 vaccination, and whether these Ab protect against subsequent “breakthrough” infections. We collected longitudinal serum and saliva samples from participants receiving two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines over a 6-month period and measured the relative level of anti-Spike and anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Ab. We detected anti-Spike/RBD IgG and IgA and associated secretory component in the saliva of most participants receiving 1 dose of mRNA vaccine. Administration of a second dose of mRNA boosted the IgG but not the IgA response, with only 30% of participants remaining positive for IgA at this timepoint. At 6 months post-dose 2, these participants exhibited greatly diminished anti-Spike/RBD IgG and IgA levels concomitant with a reduction in neutralizing activity in the saliva, although the level of secretory component associated anti-Spike was less susceptible to decay. Examining two prospective cohorts of subjects that were monitored for infections post-vaccination, we found that participants who were subsequently infected with SARS-CoV-2 had lower levels of vaccine-induced serum anti-Spike/RBD IgA at 2-4 weeks post-dose 2 compared to participants who did not experience an infection, whereas IgG levels were comparable between groups. These data emphasize the importance of developing COVID-19 vaccines that elicit a durable IgA response. <h3>One-Sentence Summary</h3> Our study delves into whether intra-muscular mRNA vaccination regimes confer a local IgA response in the oral cavity and whether the IgA response is associated with protection against breakthrough infection.
Somatization Symptoms or Interferon-Related Adverse Events? Alexithymia and Somatization in Somatic Symptom Reporting of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Piero Porcelli, Raffaele Cozzolongo, Elsa Lanzilotta, Vito Giannuzzi, Gioacchino Leandro
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PRIMARY SURGICAL REPAIR OF NATIVE AORTIC COARCTATION IN ADULT PATIENTS OVER FORTY YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Anitha John, Harold Burkhart, Hartzell Schaff, David Majdalany, Frank Cetta, Carole Warnes, Joseph Dearani, Heidi Connolly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)