tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INJURIES CAN BE PREVENTED IN CONTACT FLAG FOOTBALL!
Authors: Y Kaplan, E Witvrouw, G Myklebust, M Nyska, E Plamanovich, J Victor
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Epidemiological studies in American Flag Football have revealed a high incidence of injuries. No previous study has attempted to prevent injuries. Objective To significantly reduce the incidence and the severity of injuries in an intervention cohort as compared to a two-season historical cohort, and to provide recommendations to the International Federation of Football (IFAF) pertaining to prevention measures to make the game safer. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Kraft Stadium, Jerusalem, Israel. Participants A total of 1 260 amateur male (mean age: 20.4±3.9 yrs) and 244 female (mean age: 18.5±1.7 yrs) players participated in the study. Interventions Four prevention measures were implemented: The no-pocket rule, self-fitting mouth guards, ankle braces (for those players with recurrent ankle sprains) and an injury treatment information brochure. Main outcome measures All time-loss injuries sustained in game sessions were recorded by the off-the-field medical personnel and followed up by a more detailed phone injury surveillance questionnaire. Results There was an 88% reduction in the total number of injuries, and a significant reduction in the incidence rate and incidence proportion between the intervention cohort as compared to the historical cohort (P&lt;.001). There was a trend towards a reduction in the number of injuries in all body parts, reaching statistical significance in hand/wrist injuries related to the use of pockets (P&lt;.001), as well as the severity of mild-moderate injuries (P&lt;.05). Conclusions This study provided evidence that hand/wrist injuries can be significantly reduced in flag football. Recommendations to the IFAF include strict enforcement of the no-pocket rule, the use of soft headgear, comfortable-fitting ankle braces and mouth guards and additionally, to change game rules concerning blocking.
Anti-CD3 antibody visilizumab is not effective in patients with intravenous corticosteroid-refractory ulcerative colitis
Authors: W. J. Sandborn, J. F. Colombel, M. Frankel, D. Hommes, J. N. Lowder, L. Mayer, S. Plevy, P. Stokkers, S. Travis, G. Van Assche, D. C. Baumgart, S. R. Targan
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Pilot studies with visilizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody to CD3, suggest efficacy for corticosteroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). A placebo-controlled trial was warranted. <h3>Methods</h3> A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of visilizumab induction treatment in 127 patients with severely active UC despite treatment with ≥5 days of intravenous corticosteroids. Patients received placebo or visilizumab 5 μg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 2. Corticosteroids were tapered according to disease activity. Patients were followed up for 90 days. The primary end point was induction of response at day 45. Secondary end points included remission and mucosal healing at day 45, symptomatic response at day 15 and colectomy. <h3>Results</h3> Response at day 45 occurred in 55% of patients receiving visilizumab compared with 47% of those who received placebo (p=0.475). Remission at day 45 occurred in 8% of patients receiving visilizumab compared with 9% of those who received placebo (p=0.704). Mucosal healing at day 45 occurred in 29% of patients receiving visilizumab compared with 26% of those who received placebo (p=0.799). Symptomatic response at day 15 occurred in 82% of patients receiving visilizumab compared with 74% of those who received placebo (p=0.244). Colectomy was performed in 18% of patients receiving visilizumab compared with 7% of those who received placebo (p=0.130). Cardiac disorders and vascular disorders occurred more frequently in the patients who received visilizumab. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Visilizumab at a dose of 5 μg/kg for two consecutive days was not effective for severe, corticosteroid-refractory UC and was associated with increased cardiac and vascular adverse events. (Registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.govNCT00279422/).
An Open-Label Phase Ib Dose-Escalation Study of TRC105 (Anti-Endoglin Antibody) with Bevacizumab in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Michael S. Gordon, Francisco Robert, Daniela Matei, David S. Mendelson, Jonathan W. Goldman, E. Gabriela Chiorean, Robert M. Strother, Ben K. Seon, William D. Figg, Cody J. Peer, Delia Alvarez, Bonne J. Adams, Charles P. Theuer, Lee S. Rosen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Endoglin, an endothelial cell membrane receptor expressed on angiogenic tumor vessels, is essential for angiogenesis and upregulated in the setting of VEGF inhibition. TRC105 is an anti-endoglin IgG1 monoclonal antibody that potentiates VEGF inhibitors in preclinical models. This study assessed safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of TRC105 in combination with bevacizumab.
Are overground or treadmill runners more likely to sustain tibial stress fracture?
Authors: C Milgrom, A Finestone, S Segev, C Olin, T Arndt, I Ekenman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Repetitive high bone strain and/or strain rates, such as those that occur during running, contribute to stress fractures as well as promoting maintenance of or increase in bone mass. Kinematic differences are known to exist between overground and treadmill running and these may be reflected in different bone strains and strain rates during the two running techniques.To measure in vivo strains and strain rates in human tibia during treadmill and overground running and determine if there are significant differences in strain and strain rate levels between the two running techniques.A strain gauged bone staple was mounted percutaneously along the axial direction in the mid diaphysis of the medial tibia in three subjects, and in vivo tibial strains were measured during treadmill and overground running at 11 km/h.Axial compression strains (p<0.0001), tension strains (p<0.001), compression strain rates (p<0.0001), and tension strain rates (p<0.0001) were 48-285% higher during overground running than during treadmill running.On the basis of lower in vivo strains and strain rates, treadmill runners are at lower risk of developing tibial stress fractures, but less likely to achieve tibial bone strengthening, than overground runners.
Electrical Impedance of Cardiac Muscle
Authors: NICK SPERELAKIS, T. HOSHIKO
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Impedances of cat cardiac muscle and frog sartorius muscle were compared at several frequencies before and after interspace ion depletion. Strips of parallel fibers were obtained from papillary muscles and ventricular trabeculae. The impedances were measured in the direction of fiber orientation. Interspace ion concentrations were reduced by soaking the tissues in isotonic sucrose solution. The D.C. specific resistance of cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscle was previously reported to be two times as large in Binger's and over five times as large in 0.1 Ringer "s-suerose solution. In the present study, the relative impedances of cardiac muscle at 10.000 c.p.s. compared to that at 10 c.p.s. were 75 and 48 per cent in Ringer's and sucrose solutions, respectively. The impedance of skeletal muscle was independent of frequency in Ringer's and in sucrose solutions. These results suggest the presence of transverse membranes (perhaps the intercalated discs) of high resistance and high capacitance.
Calcium palmitate and -palmitic acid in gallstones
Authors: D. J. Sutor
Journal: Gut (1970)

Calcium palmitate occurred in 20% of the gallstones studied in this laboratory by <i>x</i>-ray diffraction and was the most important crystalline constituent after the different forms of cholesterol and calcium carbonate. Only one calculus contained α-palmitic acid. The gallstones came from America, England, Australia, Sweden, and South Africa, and, as far as is known, this represents the first time these compounds have been found in stones from countries other than Japan.
Sampling properties of DNA sequence data in phylogenetic analysis.
Authors: M P Cummings, S P Otto, J Wakeley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

We inferred phylogenetic trees from individual genes and random samples of nucleotides from the mitochondrial genomes of 10 vertebrates and compared the results to those obtained by analyzing the whole genomes. Individual genes are poor samples in that they infrequently lead to the whole-genome tree. A large number of nucleotide sites is needed to exactly determine the whole-genome tree. A relatively small number of sites, however, often results in a tree close to the whole-genome tree. We found that blocks of contiguous sites were less likely to lead to the whole-genome tree than samples composed of sites drawn individually from throughout the genome. Samples of contiguous sites are not representative of the entire genome, a condition that violates a basic assumption of the bootstrap method as it is applied in phylogenetic studies.
Targeting Notch pathway induces growth inhibition and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Giulia Ferrari-Toninelli, Sara Anna Bonini, Daniela Uberti, Laura Buizza, Paola Bettinsoli, Pietro Luigi Poliani, Fabio Facchetti, Maurizio Memo
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2010)

High-risk neuroblastoma is a severe pediatric tumor characterized by poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor development and progression is strategic for the improvement of pharmacological therapies. Notch was recently proposed as a pharmacological target for the therapy of several cancers and is emerging as a new neuroblastoma-related molecular pathway. However, the precise role played by Notch in this cancer remains to be studied extensively. Here, we show that Notch activation by the Jagged1 ligand enhances the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells, and we propose the possible use of Notch-blocking γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) in neuroblastoma therapy. Two different GSIs, Compound E and DAPT, were tested alone or in combination with 13-cis retinoic acid (RA) on neuroblastoma cell lines. SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells were chosen as paradigms of lower and higher malignancy, respectively. Used alone, GSIs induced complete cell growth arrest, promoted neuronal differentiation, and significantly reduced cell motility. The combination of GSIs and 13-cis RA resulted in the enhanced growth inhibition, differentiation, and migration of neuroblastoma cells. In summary, our data suggest that a combination of GSIs with 13-cis RA offers a therapeutic advantage over a single agent, indicating a potential novel therapy for neuroblastoma.
Differentiation in vitro of T3+ large granular lymphocytes with characteristic cytotoxic activity from an isolated hematopoietic progenitor colony.
Authors: N Minato, M Hattori, T Sudo, S Kano, Y Miura, J Suda, T Suda
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Blast colonies were developed by rIL-3 from the spleen cells of mice pretreated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the methylcellulose cultures. When such IL-3-induced blast colonies were individually lifted up and recultured in the presence of rIL-3 and recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo), a variety of hematopoietic colonies developed from every single colony, including neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, megakaryocytes, mast cells, and erythroblasts. The results indicated that IL-3-induced blast colonies consisted of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells. By culturing individual IL-3-induced blast colonies in the presence of rIL-2 and irradiated peritoneal macrophages, on the other hand, the proliferation of homogeneous lymphoid cells was observed in 5 of 24 wells, each of which received a single blast colony. Morphologically, they were typical large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and thus it was indicated that LGL could be differentiated directly from the hematopoietic progenitor cells utterly in vitro by rIL-2 and accessory macrophages. From one of these culture wells, a continuous LGL line, IL3B1, was successfully obtained. The proliferation of IL3B1 was dependent on IL-2 in the presence of accessory macrophages, but they no longer responded to IL-3, nor to another T cell growth factor, IL-4. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the phenotype of IL3B1 was Thy-1+,T3+,L3T4-,Lyt-2-,T200+ Asialo GM1+, whereas that of original IL-3-induced blast cells was Thy-1+,T3-,L3T4-,Lyt-2-,B220-. The results suggested that the expression of T3 molecules was induced in the process of LGL differentiation from the hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. Conforming to this, it was revealed that both gamma and beta chain genes of the TCR were rearranged in IL3B1. Northern blot analysis indicated that IL3B1 had abundant mRNA for gamma chain, while mRNA for beta chain was rather faint. Functionally, IL3B1 exhibited typical NK-patterned cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell targets. In addition, they showed significant cytotoxic activity against normal bone marrow cells, as well as various factor-dependent myelogenous progenitor cell lines, all of which were resistant to endogenous NK activity of the fresh spleen cells. These results indicated that at least a set of T3+ LGL with rearranged TCR genes could be directly differentiated from isolated hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. Results also suggested that such a prethymically differentiated subset of T-lineage lymphocytes, namely T3+ double-negative LGL, had particular cytotoxic activity in addition to conventional NK activity, which might well contribute to feedback regulation of hematopoiesis.
Nesiritide Does Not Improve Renal Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Worsening Serum Creatinine
Authors: David J. Wang, Thomas C. Dowling, Dean Meadows, Tomas Ayala, Joanne Marshall, Stacey Minshall, Nancy Greenberg, Emil Thattassery, Michael L. Fisher, Krishnamurti Rao, Stephen S. Gottlieb
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Nesiritide (synthetic human brain natriuretic peptide) is approved for the treatment of symptomatic heart failure. However, studies of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure have come to conflicting conclusions about effects on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow, natriuresis, and diuresis.To identify a population at high risk of renal dysfunction with conventional treatment, we selected patients with a creatinine level increased from baseline (within 6 months). We examined the effects of nesiritide on GFR (measured by iothalamate clearance), renal plasma flow (measured by para-amino hippurate clearance), urinary sodium excretion, and urine output in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Patients received nesiritide (2 microg/kg IV bolus followed by an infusion of 0.01 microg/kg per minute) or placebo for 24 hours on consecutive days. Nesiritide and placebo data were compared by repeated-measures analysis and Student t test. We studied 15 patients with a recent mean baseline creatinine of 1.5+/-0.4 mg/dL and serum creatinine of 1.8+/-0.8 mg/dL on admission to the study. There were no differences in GFR, effective renal plasma flow, urine output, or sodium excretion for any time interval or for the entire 24-hour period between the nesiritide and placebo study days. For 24 hours, urine output was 113+/-51 mL/h with placebo and 110+/-56 mL/h with nesiritide. GFR during placebo was 40.9+/-25.9 mL/min and with nesiritide was 40.9+/-25.8.Nesiritide did not improve renal function in patients with decompensated heart failure, mild chronic renal insufficiency, and renal function that had worsened compared with baseline. The lack of effect may be related to renal insufficiency, hemodynamic alterations, sodium balance, severity of heart failure, or drug dose. Understanding the importance of these issues will permit effective and appropriate use of nesiritide.
Predicting adverse obstetric outcome after early pregnancy events and complications: a review
Authors: R.H.F. van Oppenraaij, E. Jauniaux, O.B. Christiansen, J.A. Horcajadas, R.G. Farquharson, N. Exalto
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2009)

The aim was to evaluate the impact of early pregnancy events and complications as predictors of adverse obstetric outcome. We conducted a literature review on the impact of first trimester complications in previous and index pregnancies using Medline and Cochrane databases covering the period 1980–2008. Clinically relevant associations of adverse outcome in the subsequent pregnancy with an odds ratio (OR) > 2.0 after complications in a previous pregnancy are the risk of perinatal death after a single previous miscarriage, the risk of very preterm delivery (VPTD) after two or more miscarriages, the risk of placenta praevia, premature preterm rupture of membranes, VPTD and low birthweight (LBW) after recurrent miscarriage and the risk of VPTD after two or more termination of pregnancy. Clinically relevant associations of adverse obstetric outcome in the ongoing pregnancy with an OR > 2.0 after complications in the index pregnancy are the risk of LBW and very low birthweight (VLBW) after a threatened miscarriage, the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, preterm delivery (PTD), small for gestational age and low 5-min Apgar score after detection of an intrauterine haematoma, the risk of VPTD and intrauterine growth restriction after a crown-rump length discrepancy, the risk of VPTD, LBW and VLBW after a vanishing twin phenomenon and the risk of PTD, LBW and low 5-min Apgar score in a pregnancy complicated by severe hyperemesis gravidarum. Data from our literature review indicate, by finding significant associations, that specific early pregnancy events and complications are predictors for subsequent adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome. Though, some of these associations are based on limited or small uncontrolled studies. Larger population-based controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings. Nevertheless, identification of these risks will improve obstetric care.
Rapamycin modulates the eNOS vs. shear stress relationship
Authors: Caroline Cheng, Dennie Tempel, Angela Oostlander, Frank Helderman, Frank Gijsen, Jolanda Wentzel, Rien van Haperen, David B. Haitsma, Patrick W. Serruys, Anton F.W. van der Steen, Rini de Crom, Rob Krams
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Aims Studies in animals and patients indicate that rapamycin affects vasodilatation differently in outer and inner curvatures of blood vessels.We evaluated in this study whether rapamycin affects endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) responsiveness to shear stress under normo-and hypercholesteraemic conditions to explain these findings.Methods and results Shear stress levels were varied over a large range of values in carotid arteries of transgenic mice expressing human eNOS fused to enhanced green fluorescence protein.The mice were divided into control, low-dose rapamycin (3 mg/kg/day), and high-dose rapamycin (3 mg/kg/day) groups and into normocholesteraemic and hypercholesteraemic (ApoE2/2 on high cholesterol diet for 3-4 weeks) groups.The effect of rapamycin treatment on eNOS was evaluated by quantification of eNOS expression and of intracellular protein levels by en face confocal microscopy.A sigmoid curve fit was used to described these data.The efficacy of treatment was confirmed by measurement of rapamycin serum levels (2.0 + 0.5 ng/mL), and of p27 kip1 expression in vascular tissue (increased by 2.4 + 0.5fold).In control carotid arteries, eNOS expression increased by 1.8 + 0.3-fold in response to rapamycin.In the treated vessels, rapamycin reduced maximal eNOS expression at high shear stress levels (.5 Pa) in a dose-dependent way and shifted the sigmoid curve to the right.Hypercholesteraemia had a tendency to increase the leftward shift and the reduction in maximal eNOS expression (P ¼ 0.07).Conclusion Rapamycin is associated with high eNOS in low shear regions, i.e. in atherogenic regions, protecting these regions against atherosclerosis, and is associated with a reduction of eNOS at high shear stress affecting vasomotion in these regions.
Club cells, CC10 and self-control at the epithelial surface
Authors: Pieter S. Hiemstra, Arnaud Bourdin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

CC10, at physiological concentrations, may contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the peripheral airways http://ow.ly/yQHByOne of the main mechanisms involved in the endogenous anti-inflammatory activity of CC10 appears to be its ability to inhibit nuclear factor (NF)-kB activity by suppressing phosphorylation of its inhibitor, IkBa [9].
Open access follow up for inflammatory bowel disease: pragmatic randomised trial and cost effectiveness study
Authors: J G Williams
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate whether follow up of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is better through open access than by routine booked appointments. <b>Design:</b> Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> Two district general hospitals in Swansea and Neath, Wales. <b>Participants:</b> 180 adults (78 with Crohn9s disease, 77 ulcerative or indeterminate colitis, 25 ulcerative or idiopathic proctitis) recruited from outpatient clinics during October 1995 to November 1996. <b>Intervention:</b> Open access follow up according to patient need. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Generic (SF-36) and disease specific (UK inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire UKIBDQ) quality of life, number of primary and secondary care contacts, total resource use, and views of patients and general practitioners. <b>Results:</b> There were no differences in generic or disease specific quality of life. Open access patients had fewer day visits (0.21 <i>v</i>0.42, P&lt;0.05) and fewer outpatient visits (4.12 <i>v</i>4.64, P&lt;0.01), but some patients had difficulty obtaining an urgent appointment. There were no significant differences in specific investigations undertaken, inpatient days, general practitioner surgery or home visits, drugs prescribed, or total patient borne costs. Mean total cost in secondary care was lower for open access patients (P&lt;0.05), but when primary care and patient borne costs were added there were no significant differences in total costs to the NHS or to society. General practitioners and patients preferred open access. <b>Conclusions:</b> Open access follow up delivers the same quality of care as routine outpatient care and is preferred by patients and general practitioners. It uses fewer resources in secondary care but total resource use is similar. Better methods of ensuring urgent access to outpatient clinics are needed.
Bizarre gyrate erythema associated with malignant thymoma*
Authors: C.A. Harwood, F. Lots, J.L. Mansi, J.P. Glees, R.A. Marsden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Bizarre gyrate erythema associated with malignant thymoma Get access C.A. Harwood, C.A. Harwood Departments of Dermatology St George's Hospital London SW17 0QT. U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Lots, F. Lots Departments of Dermatology Oncology St George's Hospital London SW17 0QT. U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. Mansi, J.L. Mansi Departments of Dermatology Oncology St George's Hospital London SW17 0QT. U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P. Glees, J.P. Glees Departments of Dermatology Oncology St George's Hospital London SW17 0QT. U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. Marsden R.A. Marsden Departments of Dermatology St George's Hospital London SW17 0QT. U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 1, 1 January 1997, Pages 144–145, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb08776.x Published: 01 January 1997