tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The price of silence
Authors: J. Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The capacity of viruses, as macromolecules, to initiate a specific immune response by the host and the ability of this response to influence the viral infection are well recognized. Less understood are the relative roles played by humoral antibody and cell-mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity in this process. In passive transfer experiments humoral antibodies have been shown to initiate or intensify the injury of viral infections in animals (1, 2). The influence of cellular immunity upon viral infections has not been satisfactorily explored <i>in vivo</i> but its importance has been suggested by the enhanced susceptibility of individuals with defective cellular immunity to both natural viral infections and vaccinations (3). Recently, the macrophage migration inhibition test has been used as a measure of cellular immunity to a variety of antigens ranging from soluble proteins to bacterial and tumor antigens in several species, including man, guinea pig and mouse (4–7).
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THE BROMSULPHALEIN TEST FOR HEPATIC FUNCTION
Authors: SANFORD M. ROSENTHAL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Since the introduction, three years ago, of a method of estimating hepatic function by determining the rate of removal of phenoltetrachlorphthalein from the blood stream,<sup>1</sup>this procedure has been widely used in the clinic. Sufficient experience has been gained to indicate that this method affords several improvements over the classic liver function tests. First, it is specific, and, if properly performed, abnormal results have invariably meant a disturbance in hepatic function. The specificity of a test is a valuable requisite and greatly enhances the clinical reliance that may be placed on it. Secondly, it is comparatively free from technical error and is not difficult to perform. Thirdly, it affords a quantitative measurement of the severity of impaired function. This has been proved experimentally, and clinically it is evidenced in studying cases of acute liver disease (catarrhal and arsphenamin jaundice and eclampsia), in which successive stages of functional repair may
Correlation of Phenotypic Expression of Milk Sensitivity in Young Patients by the Simultaneous Determination of IgE to Whole Milk Extract and Milk Specific Allergenic Proteins
Authors: V. Saper, D. Innerst, K. Nadeau, E. Hoyte, C. Vanichsarn, E. Zychlinsky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
On Surviving Illness
Authors: Doug Bolling
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevalence of reflex anal dilatation: Authors' reply
Authors: R Sunderland, A. Stanton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

bargaining in bad faith" on the part of the politicians emerged; and the same government is currently dismantling the fee for service system of remuneration in favour of salaries, to the general (if not universal) dismay of the medical profession.The trends of an underfunded socialised health care system accompanied by increasing government encroachment and bureaucratisation will be familiar to British doctors.American colleagues with whom I have spoken on such matters view these developments with alarm and dismay, not envy.
The nature of solar (actinic) keratosis
Authors: M.A. Hurt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, I read the rebuttal of Professor Marks1 to the article by Drs Ackerman and Mones.2 Professor Marks argues, unwittingly, against the Medicare system of his own country; he argues also against the scientific method regarding the nature of cancer. His first argument against considering solar (actinic) keratosis as a form of squamous cell carcinoma amounts to one of concern about how much the Australian Government will have to pay for treatment if these lesions are called what they really are: cancers, albeit superficial ones. I have a solution for Professor Marks: he should advocate privatizing medical care in Australia and then there will be no fiscal pressure from his government for anyone to lie about the nature of these superficial forms of cancer. I doubt he would agree with my argument, and neither would most people in Australia, or anywhere else for that matter. It is, however, the proper solution to this apparent dilemma.
Release of vasodilator, but not vasoconstrictor, neuropeptides and of enteroglucagon by intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion in the rat.
Authors: L Meleagros, M A Ghatei, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1994)

Reperfusion of ischaemic intestine is characterised by an initial hyperaemia with ensuing mucosal repair. This study investigated possible roles for gut vasoactive neuropeptides and trophic peptides in these phenomena. Groups of rats were monitored during superior mesenteric artery occlusion for five or 20 minutes, with or without subsequent reperfusion for five minutes. Peptide concentrations (fmol/ml) in arterial blood, were measured using specific radioimmunoassays. Intestinal ischaemia alone did not cause haemodynamic disturbance or peptide release. Reperfusion, after five minutes of ischaemia, resulted in arterial hypotension and a rise in plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (mean (SEM)) (37 (3), control 11 (4), p < 0.001). After 20 minutes of ischaemia, reperfusion resulted in greater hypotension (p < 0.05) and release of both vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (31 (3), p < 0.05 v control) and the more potent vasodilator beta-calcitonin gene related peptide (49 (3), control 23 (1), p < 0.001). By contrast, the vasodilators alpha-calcitonin gene related peptide and substance P and the vasoconstrictors neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and somatostatin were not released. Bombesin, a stimulatory neuropeptide, was released after 20 minutes of ischaemia/reperfusion (13 (2), control 7 (3), p < 0.05). Plasma enteroglucagon rose from control (51 (4)) to 110 (16) (p < 0.001) and to 158 (27) (p < 0.005) after five and 20 minutes of ischaemia/reperfusion. The potent enteric vasodilators vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and beta-calcitonin gene related peptide, unopposed by vasoconstrictors, may promote post-ischaemic intestinal hyperaemia. The rise in plasma enteroglucagon may point to diffuse mucosal injury and is consistent with the putative trophic role of this peptide.
Phlebotomus martini -- a Probable Vector of Kala-azar in Kenya
Authors: D. M. Minter, D. J. B. Wijers, R. B. Heisch, P. E. C. Manson-Bahr
Journal: BMJ (1962)

BmISH 835 pneumonitis, although the data are inadequate for probit analysis of relative potencies.In previous studies (see Florey, 1952), as also in this, penicillin seemed to limit the multiplication of the organisms rather than to destroy them.When the lungs of apparently healthy mice at the end of the period of treatment were examined no lesions could be seen, but when they were homogenized and passed u-ndiluted to untreated mice, the latter died with typical signs of mouse pneumonitis.Only one mouse in the whole series died after cessation of treatment, however, so the mice had clearly developed resistance (presumably mediated by antibody) against the organisms harboured in their lungs.CONCLUSION Mouse pneumonitis, a typical organismn of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group, was more sensitive to ampicillin than to benz'ylpenicillin.Since ampicillin is non-toxic, acid-stable, and suitable for oral admini- stration, it may bo of value in treatment of human infections with organisms of the same group.
Essential role of MD-2 in LPS responsiveness and TLR4 distribution
Authors: Yoshinori Nagai, Sachiko Akashi, Masakazu Nagafuku, Masato Ogata, Yoichiro Iwakura, Shizuo Akira, Toshio Kitamura, Atsushi Kosugi, Masao Kimoto, Kensuke Miyake
Journal: Nature Immunology (2002)
Colorectal cancer and rectal bleeding in primary care: Rectal bleeding needs attention in primary care
Authors: Christopher M Newman, Guy F Nash, Tom Armstrong, Kieren Darcy
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Walker et al show convincingly that drivers and other occupants of heavy four wheel drive vehicles are safer in crashes than those in smaller or lighter vehicles and those on foot or cycle. 1 They also show that drivers of these vehicles use mobile phones more often and seat belts less often than drivers of other cars.But by conflating mobile phone use (which distracts drivers) and non-use of seat belts (which makes drivers feel less safe) as equally important examples of illegal and dangerous practices they have sown confusion and undermined the prospect of a constructive approach to road safety.Using mobile phones and not using seatbelts have opposing consequences for other road users.The distraction caused by mobile phones increases the threat to others, but the non-use of seat belts decreases it.As the authors note, deaths of pedestrians, cyclists, and rear seat passengers increased (by 8%, 13%, and 28% respectively) after laws mandating the use of seat belts in front seats were introduced in the United Kingdom.
The Modifier of hemostasis (Mh) locus on chromosome 4 controls in vivo hemostasis of Gp6−/− mice
Authors: Yann Cheli, Deborah Jensen, Patrizia Marchese, David Habart, Tim Wiltshire, Michael Cooke, José A. Fernandez, Jerry Ware, Zaverio M. Ruggeri, Thomas J. Kunicki
Journal: Blood (2007)
Physician, Heal Thyself
Authors: John C. Sharpe
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The results of complete periodic examinations of 500 well executives were compared with results in a professional group of 68 active physicians and dentists. There was no evidence of a superior health record in the professional group. Approximately one-half of the individuals in each group were found to have significant unknown disease. Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases accounted for more than one-half of the new major diseases. The incidence of malignant lesions detected was 2.9% in the physicians and 2.4% in the executives. Thirty-eight per cent of the total defects needed treatment in the professional group as compared to only 23.9% of the executives' diseases. Physicians should not only give but should also receive a periodic health examination to detect and treat significant asymptomatic disease.
Outcome After Aortic Valve Replacement for Low-Flow/Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis Without Contractile Reserve on Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Christophe Tribouilloy, Franck Lévy, Dan Rusinaru, Pascal Guéret, Hélène Petit-Eisenmann, Serge Baleynaud, Yannick Jobic, Catherine Adams, Bernard Lelong, Agnès Pasquet, Christophe Chauvel, Damien Metz, Jean-Paul Quéré, Jean-Luc Monin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Detection of hypodiploidy using multi‐parameter flow cytometric analysis: A prognostic indicator in multiple myeloma
Authors: Robert J. Morgan, Nick J. Gonchoroff, Jerry A. Katzmann, Thomas E. Witzig, Robert A. Kyle, Philip R. Greipp
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract We analyzed 49 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) using propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry to assess DNA content of MM cells in bone marrow. In 12 patients the presence or absence of DNA content aneuploidy could not be determined by analysis of single‐parameter DNA histograms alone. Using forward light scatter measurement, resolution of ploidy was readily obtained in all but three cases. Assuming the DNA content of the low light scatter population to be diploid, we were able to classify 7 cases as hypodiploid and 39 as hyperdiploid or diploid. Hyperdiploid or diploid patients survived a median of 24 months and hypodiploid patients only 2.5 months. We conclude that multiparameter analysis of DNA content and light scatter provides easier analysis for the presence or absence of aneuploidy. Patients with DNA content hypodiploidy have a short survival.
Predicted values: how should we use them?
Authors: J E Cotes
Journal: Thorax (1989)

7) advocates reporting lung function in standard deviation units.This approach is statistically valid when the subject whose results are under scrutiny is selected at random.Oldham, however, has pointed out that people who become patients often do so because they are at increased risk; in these circumstances there is no compelling logic in the use of standard deviation units.'Their use is implicit in the definition of normal lung function adopted by the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology2 and formerly by the American Thoracic Society (ATS).But the ATS has now reverted to defining a normal result as one which is not more than 20% below the reference value.The use of percentages has the apparent advantage that loss of lung function can be readily classified as mild, moderate, or severe, in the case of FEV, with cut off points at 80%, 60%, and 40% of the reference value.These grades are then equated with loss of exercise capacity.3Unfortunately, extrapolation from lung function to disability is not suppor- ted by evidence,4 and use of SD units does not overcome the difficulty.5That the extrapolation is made at all indicates a need to consider how lung function results should be used and how reference values should be chosen for different applications.Your editorial only starts to address this issue and more needs to be done.
ACC/AHA 2013 Methodology for Developing Clinical Data Standards
Authors: Robert C. Hendel, Biykem Bozkurt, Gregg C. Fonarow, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, Judith H. Lichtman, Eric E. Smith, James E. Tcheng, Tracy Y. Wang, William S. Weintraub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Skin, Heredity, and Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: Thomas P. Kugelman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Cancer control is best accomplished through its early recognition. Some inherited diseases which predispose to cancer manifest skin signs whose recognition can lead to appropriate diagnostic studies, early treatment, and genetic counseling. Dr. Lynch, through his orientation in preventive medicine and medical genetics, seeks in this book to educate the general physician to approach his patients with this hypothesis in mind. Chapters on basic genetics, cancer immunology, and genetic counseling supplement those on specific syndromes and diseases affecting organ systems. About a dozen contributors lend expertise from many fields for individual chapters. Most noteworthy are those dealing with specific diseases, especially ataxia, telangiectasia, and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Unfortunately, the author's effort to integrate multiple disciplines into a cohesive book falls short. Insufficient editing of material that is heterogeneous in content and style results in much repetition and poor continuity. Lengthy case reports in several chapters, unnecessarily detailed discussion
Abstract 3043: FXR1 promotes lung cancer cell growth by regulating oncogenic targets in the 3q26-3q28 amplicon
Authors: Jun Qian, Yong Zou, Jamshedur Rahman, Mohamed Hassanein, Pierre Massion
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Gain of chromosome 3q26-28 is one of the most common genomic imbalances in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). A comprehensive approach combining array CGH, mircroarray expression and shotgun proteomics data analysis reveals amplification, overexrpession of a candidate gene on 3q26, fragile-X-mental-retardation-related protein 1 (FXR1) in lung cancer. FXR1 is amplified and overexpressed in NSCLC tumors and highly correlated with several 3q26-28 targets including epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2), protein kinase C iota (PKCi) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 (EIF4G1) measured by Real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry. We hypothesized that FXR1 is associated with these oncogenes and plays a critical role in lung cancer progression. ECT2 is known to promote lung cancer by binding to PKCi and activating MAPK signaling pathway. We found that overexpressing FXR1 in an immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (HBEC3KT) leads to upregulated expression of ECT2, PKCi and ERK1/2 activity. Downregulation of FXR1 using siRNA in lung cancer cell lines H520 and HCC95 induces the decreased expression of ECT2, PKCi and EIF4G1. Immunoprecipitation confirms that FXR1 binds to PKCi and EIF4G1 in NSCLC cells. Loss of FXR1 using siRNA treatment inhibits cell growth and survival of NSCLC cells that harbor 3q26-28 amplicon. Our results demonstrate the oncogenic potential of FXR1 and supports the concept that amplified targets on 3q26-28 are genetically and functionally associated to drive lung cancer cell growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3043. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3043
Zinc Tolerance Test in Uremia
Authors: DAOUD K. ABU-HAMDAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The effects of ferrous sulfate and aluminum hydroxide on the oral zinc tolerance test after administration of 25 mg of elemental zinc as sulfate were studied in six hemodialysis patients and six normal controls. Fasting plasma zinc levels, the 2-hour plasma zinc peak, and the area under the plasma zinc curve were significantly lower in patients compared with values in controls (plasma zinc, 92 ± 4 compared with 108 ± 3 µg/dL, p < 0.025; 2-hour plasma zinc peak, 159 ± 8 compared with 228 ± 17 µg/dL, p < 0.025; and area under the curve, 193 ± 41 compared with 316 ± 39 µg h/dL, p < 0.025). Ferrous sulfate (300 mg orally), when administered along with zinc sulfate, decreased the area under the curve significantly (in patients by 28%, in controls by 40%) in comparison with the results obtained when zinc sulfate was given alone. When 30 mL of aluminum hydroxide was administered orally with zinc sulfate, the area under the curve decreased by 60% in controls and 75% in patients (p < 0.005). These results confirm the presence of diminished zinc absorption in patients with renal failure and show that ferrous sulfate and aluminum hydroxide, which worsen this defect, also impair zinc absorption in normal subjects.
Impaired Protein Maturation of the Conjugate Export Pump Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 As A Consequence of A Deletion Mutation in Dubin–Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Verena Keitel, Jürgen Kartenbeck, Anne T. Nies, Herbert Spring, Manuela Brom, Dietrich Keppler
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The Dubin–Johnson syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The deficient hepatobiliary transport of anionic conjugates is caused by the absence of a functional multidrug–resistance protein 2 (MRP2, symbol ABCC2) from the apical (canalicular) membrane of hepatocytes. Mechanisms underlying this deficiency may include rapid degradation of mutated MRP2 messenger RNA (mRNA) or impaired MRP2 protein maturation and trafficking. We investigated the consequences of the mutation MRP2Δ(R,M), which leads to the loss of 2 amino acids from the second ATP–binding domain of MRP2. The MRP2Δ(R,M) mutation is associated with the absence of the MRP2 glycoprotein from the apical membrane of hepatocytes. Transfection of mutated MRP2 complementary DNA (cDNA) led to an MRP2Δ(R,M) protein that was only core glycosylated, sensitive to endoglycosidase H digestion, and located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of transfected HEK293 and HepG2 cells. This indicated that deletion of Arg1392 and Met1393 leads to impaired maturation and trafficking of the protein from the ER to the Golgi complex. Inhibition of proteasome function resulted in a paranuclear accumulation of the MRP2Δ(R,M) protein, suggesting that proteasomes are involved in the degradation of the mutant protein. This is the first mutation in Dubin–Johnson syndrome shown to cause deficient MRP2 maturation and impaired sorting of this glycoprotein to the apical membrane.
Alopecia Totalis after Desacetylmethylcolchicine Therapy of Acute Gout
Authors: William M. Mikkelsen, Rolfe W. Salin, Ivan F. Duff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

DESACETYLMETHYLCOLCHICINE, a crystalline alkaloid prepared from the bulbs of Colchicum autumnale and closely related structurally to colchicine, has recently been introduced for clinical trial in certain hematologic disorders and in acute gout. Several preliminary reports1 , 2 have indicated that this agent is effective in the management of acute gout and that gastrointestinal side effects may be less marked than with colchicine. We wish to report a patient with gout treated with this preparation during an acute attack in whom alopecia appeared as a complication.Case ReportA 51-year-old man had a history of recurrent acute episodes of arthritis since the age . . .
Evaluating Test Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Ann G. Zauber, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Amy B. Knudsen, Janneke Wilschut, Marjolein van Ballegooijen, Karen M. Kuntz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force requested a decision analysis to inform their update of recommendations for colorectal cancer screening. Objective: To assess life-years gained and colonoscopy requirements for colorectal cancer screening strategies and identify a set of recommendable screening strategies. Design: Decision analysis using 2 colorectal cancer microsimulation models from the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network. Data Sources: Derived from the literature. Target Population: U.S. average-risk 40-year-old population. Perspective: Societal. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Interventions: Fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs), flexible sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy screening beginning at age 40, 50, or 60 years and stopping at age 75 or 85 years, with screening intervals of 1, 2, or 3 years for FOBT and 5, 10, or 20 years for sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. Outcome Measures: Number of life-years gained compared with no screening and number of colonoscopies and noncolonoscopy tests required. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Beginning screening at age 50 years was consistently better than at age 60. Decreasing the stop age from 85 to 75 years decreased life-years gained by 1% to 4%, whereas colonoscopy use decreased by 4% to 15%. Assuming equally high adherence, 4 strategies provided similar life-years gained: colonoscopy every 10 years, annual Hemoccult SENSA (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, California) testing or fecal immunochemical testing, and sigmoidoscopy every 5 years with midinterval Hemoccult SENSA testing. Annual Hemoccult II and flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years alone were less effective. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: The results were most sensitive to beginning screening at age 40 years. Limitation: The stop age for screening was based only on chronologic age. Conclusion: The findings support colorectal cancer screening with the following: colonoscopy every 10 years, annual screening with a sensitive FOBT, or flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years with a midinterval sensitive FOBT from age 50 to 75 years.