tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sleeping Poorly While Pregnant May Not Be “Normal”
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
India proposes new health policy but admits flaws
Authors: R. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2001)

India's health minister, Dr C P Thakur, last week unveiled the draft of a new proposed national health policy—the first in 18 years.

Although it lists gains in the intervening period, the document candidly admits various lapses and distortions that have come to dog the healthcare system. As a result, it says, “the morbidity and mortality levels in the country are still unacceptably high.”

Abysmally low investments in health have led to a poor quality and uneven …
Side-effects and complications of flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser therapy of port-wine stains. A prospective study
Authors: U. WLOTZKE, U. HOHENLEUTNER, T. A. ABD-EL-RAHEEM, W. BÄUMLER, M. LANDTHALER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (FPDL) was the first laser system specifically developed for the treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions such as port-wine stains (PWS), telangiectases and haemangiomas. Its theoretical advantages have been verified by numerous excellent clinical results. As there are few systematic studies on the adverse effects of this laser system, we investigated 100 consecutive patients who received FPDL therapy of PWS. Pain during and after laser therapy was a common complaint. Post-treatment erythema occurred in 29%, oedema in 73%, formation of bullae in 1%, and serous crusting in 46-83% of patients (based on our observations and the patients histories, respectively), all of which lasted for a maximum of 7 days. Furthermore, complications such as impetigo-like crusting occurred in 25%, bleeding in 12%, a pyogenic granuloma in 1%, hyperpigmentation in 27%, hypopigmentation in 1%, atrophic scarring in 3%, and an hypertrophic scar in 1%. Although most of these changes were only focal, and were predominantly transient, our results indicate that the incidence of side-effects and complications produced by the FPDL (wavelength 585 nm, pulsewidth 450 microseconds) may be higher than previously documented in the literature.
Reversal of Infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare by Treatment with Alpha-Interferon in a Patient with Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Maziarz Rt, Tepler I, Antin Jh, Keroack Ma, Churchill Wh, Holmes W, Rappeport J
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

A patient with debilitating hairy cell leukemia and documented Mycobacterium avium intracellular infection unresponsive to standard antituberculous therapy who was treated with alpha-interferon is described. A rapid clinical response with correction of underlying pancytopenia and eradication of the atypical mycobacteria infection was found. No deleterious effects from alpha-interferon therapy were found. The associated resolution of anergy and the sterilization of bone marrow suggest that the reversal of host cellular immune defects led to the eventual control of this patient's infection.
People with diabetes are not given enough information on self care, survey shows
Authors: Kirsten Patrick
Journal: BMJ (2007)

People in England with diabetes are not being offered sufficient information about their condition to help them manage it better, a survey by the Healthcare Commission shows. And when they are hospitalised for other conditions, some are not helped to manage their diabetes while in hospital, it says.

The survey, conducted in 2006 for the commission by the National Centre for Social Research, examined the services that primary care trusts commissioned to help people with diabetes. It aimed to find out whether adults with diabetes were being given the support they needed to look after themselves, in line with the national service framework on diabetes. The …
Abstract 5771: Molecular radiation therapy: Targeting DNA damage response proteins
Authors: Cornelissen Bart, Veerle Kersemans, Sonali Darbar, Sean Smart, Katherine A. Vallis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DNA damage is an early event after exposure of cells to many anti-cancer agents. Auger electron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals that localize at sites of DNA-double strand breaks (dsb) cause added damage, thus stimulating the formation of their own target and converting sublethal DNA lesions into irreparable damage. The histone H2A variant, H2AX, is phosphorylated on Ser139 (γH2AX) and forms foci at DNA-dsb. γH2AX foci are generally more numerous and resolve more slowly in cancer cells which are genomically unstable compared to normal cells. The aim of this study was to target γH2AX foci for molecular radiation therapy. Methods: Anti-γH2AX (aγH2AX) or anti-mouse IgG (amIgG) monoclonal antibodies were modified by addition of a nuclear localizing signal (NLS)-containing cell penetrating peptide, TAT, through N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) coupling. Cyclic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (cDTPA) was added for radiolabeling with 111-indium. Fluorophore AlexaFluor 488-labelled variants of both radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) were also prepared. Results: Using confocal microscopy, AF488-aγH2AX-TAT but not AF488-amIgG-TAT was found to colocalize with γH2AX-foci in cells exposed to X-Ray irradiation (IR) (4 Gy). To evaluate cellular retention of RICs, MDA-MB-468 or MDA-MB-231/H2N human breast cancer cells were treated with 111In-aγH2AX-TAT or 111In-amIgG-TAT (0.5 µg, 0.1 MBq/µg) and exposed to IR (4 Gy) or bleomycin (20 µg/mL). 111In was retained 16-fold longer in IR- or bleomycin-treated cells exposed to 111In-aγH2AX-TAT compared to control cells exposed to 111In-aγH2AX-TAT. 111In-aγH2AX-TAT (6 MBq/µg) caused amplification of both IR-induced DNA-dsb (evaluated by γH2AX foci number and the neutral comet assay [NCA]) and clustered DNA damage (evaluated by NCA plus glycosylases). In clonogenic assays, the combination of 111In-aγH2AX-TAT plus IR or bleomycin was significantly more cytotoxic than either agent alone and more cytotoxic than 111In-amIgG-Tat plus IR or bleomycin alone. In in vivo experiments, uptake of 111In-aγH2AX-TAT, but not 111In-amIgG-TAT, was up to 6-fold greater in MDA-MB-231/H2N xenografts exposed to IR (4 or 10 Gy) and in bleomycin-treated mice compared to untreated controls. The volume doubling time of MDA-MB-231/H2N xenografts increased 13-fold (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in animals treated with IR (10 Gy) plus 111In-aγH2AX-TAT (10 µg, 6 MBq/µg) compared to those exposed to IR or 111In-αγH2AX-TAT alone. Conclusion: 111In-aγH2AX-TAT is a novel radiopharmaceutical that amplifies DNA-damage and enhances the cytotoxicity of IR and chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5771.
Can environmental purchasing reduce mercury in U.S. health care?
Authors: Patrick D Eagan, Barb Kaiser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Environmental purchasing represents an innovative approach to mercury control for the health care sector in the United States. The U.S. health care sector creates significant environmental impacts, including the release of toxic substances such as mercury. Our goal in this study was to provide the health care industry with a method of identifying the environmental impacts associated with the products they use. The Health Care Environmental Purchasing Tool (HCEPT) was developed and tested at nine health care facilities in the Great Lakes region of the United States. As a result, more than 1 kg of mercury was removed from four facilities. The complexity of the supply chain inhibits a direct environmental information exchange between health-care decision makers and suppliers. However, a dialogue is starting within the health care supply chain to address environmental issues. The HCEPT has been shown to assist health care facilities with that dialogue by identifying products that have environmental consequences. This promising tool is now available for further experimentation and modification, to facilitate overall environmental improvement, and to provide a systematic method for environmental assessment of health care products.
Clinical experience with a tiered-therapy, multiprogrammable antiarrhythmia device.
Authors: G H Bardy, C Troutman, J E Poole, P J Kudenchuk, G L Dolack, G Johnson, B Hofer
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The purpose of this report is to describe our initial experience with a tiered-therapy, variable detection criteria, multiprogrammable antiarrhythmia device capable of antitachycardia pacing, cardioversion, and defibrillation in 50 cardiac arrest survivors. METHODS AND RESULTS An epicardial lead system was used in 35 patients. A transvenous lead system was used in 15 patients. The index arrhythmia leading to device implantation was ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 23 patients, ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 21 patients, and both VT and VF in six patients. Postoperatively, all 50 patients benefited from the additional functions available in the new device compared with a device capable only of high-energy termination of arrhythmias using a simple rate detection algorithm. Total patient survival over a mean follow-up period of 15 +/- 5 months was 96%, with no patient succumbing to sudden arrhythmic death, cardiac death, or surgical death. Nine patients (18%) avoided the need for a bradycardia pacemaker because of the device's backup bradycardia pacing function. A programmable tachycardia cycle length stability algorithm prevented inappropriate device intervention into atrial fibrillation in 11 patients (22%). Detection schema flexibility, antitachycardia pacing capabilities, and low-energy cardioversion options allowed the elimination or avoidance of antiarrhythmic drugs in 41 patients (82%). Device data storage facilitated troubleshooting and reprogramming of detection algorithms and therapeutic schema in all 50 patients. Finally, the ability to perform noninvasive programmed electrical stimulation obviated the need for invasive cardiac catheterization in 35 of 35 patients who required electrophysiological testing after device implantation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a multiprogrammable antiarrhythmia device can provide a substantial advance in the treatment of patients with disabling or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias by minimizing the use of painful shocks, reducing the need for antiarrhythmic drugs, lowering the incidence of inappropriate shocks, facilitating electrophysiological evaluation, and obviating the need for dual-device therapy.
Immediate and follow-up results of transluminal balloon dilation for discrete subaortic stenosis
Authors: JoséSuárez de Lezo, Manuel Pan, Alfonso Medina, Miguel Romero, Francisco Melián, José Segura, Enrique Hernández, Djordje Pavlovic, Juan Morales, Ricardo Vivancos, JoséRamon Ortega
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
The inflammatory response in mild and in severe psoriasis
Authors: P. Rocha-Pereira, A. Santos-Silva, I. Rebelo, A. Figueiredo, A. Quintanilha, F. Teixeira
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease. The inflammatory response represents a fundamental ability of the organism to protect itself from infectious agents and from injury.To evaluate the inflammatory response in mild and in severe psoriasis, to evaluate the endogenous systems counterbalancing the deleterious effects of the inflammation products, and to establish values of prognostic significance.The study was performed in a control group (n = 40) and in 60 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, half presenting with mild psoriasis, and the other half with severe psoriasis. We evaluated total and differential leucocyte count; elastase, lactoferrin and lipid peroxidation as markers of neutrophil activation; total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAS), transferrin, ceruloplasmin, alpha(1)-antitrypsin and alpha(2)-macroglobulin as markers of the endogenous antioxidant and antiprotease systems; and fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, C3 and C4 complement proteins as markers of inflammation.Our data suggested that psoriasis is an inflammatory condition in which neutrophils seem to play a crucial role by contributing to the development of oxidative and proteolytic stress. The worsening of the disease seemed to be linked to the enhancement of the inflammatory response and of the imbalance between neutrophil activation products and their inhibitors.We propose values for elastase, CRP, elastase/alpha(2)-macroglobulin, elastase/alpha(1)-antitrypsin, thiobarbituric acid/TAS and elastase/neutrophil ratios with prognostic significance for the worsening of psoriasis.
International Prognostic Score in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Altered Utility in the Modern Era
Authors: Alden A. Moccia, Jane Donaldson, Mukesh Chhanabhai, Paul J. Hoskins, Richard J. Klasa, Kerry J. Savage, Tamara N. Shenkier, Graham W. Slack, Brian Skinnider, Randy D. Gascoyne, Joseph M. Connors, Laurie H. Sehn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The International Prognostic Score (IPS) is the most widely used risk stratification index for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). It is based on patients treated before 1992 and predicts 5-year freedom from progression (FFP) and overall survival (OS) ranging from 42% to 84% and 56% to 89%, respectively. The IPS has not been validated in a recently treated population in which outcomes have improved compared with historic results.By using the British Columbia Cancer Agency Lymphoid Cancer Database, we identified all patients age ≥ 16 years newly diagnosed with advanced-stage HL (stage III to IV, or stage I to II with "B" symptoms or bulky disease ≥ 10 cm) from 1980 to 2010, treated with curative intent with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or an ABVD-equivalent regimen with complete clinical information.In all, 740 patients were identified. Five-year FFP and OS were 78% and 90%, respectively. The IPS was prognostic for both FFP (P < .001) and OS (P < .001), with 5-year FFP ranging from 62% to 88% and 5-year OS ranging from 67% to 98%. Analysis limited to patients age 16 to 65 years (n = 686) demonstrated a narrower range of outcomes, with 5-year FFP ranging from 70% to 88% and 5-year OS ranging from 73% to 98%.The IPS remains prognostic for advanced-stage HL, but the range of outcomes has narrowed considerably. This improvement in outcome with ABVD should be acknowledged before consideration of alternate initial therapies and when comparing results from current trials with those of historic controls.
Tissue kallikrein promotes neovascularization and improves cardiac function by the Akt-glycogen synthase kinase-3 pathway
Authors: Y.-Y. Yao, H. Yin, B. Shen, R. S. Smith, Y. Liu, L. Gao, L. Chao, J. Chao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

AimsWe investigated the role of the Akt-glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β signalling pathway in mediating the protective effects of tissue kallikrein on myocardial injury by promoting angiogenesis and blood flow in rats after myocardial infarction (MI).
The epitope for anti-type VII collagen monoclonal antibody (LH7:2) locates at the central region of the N-terminal non-collagenous domain of type VII collagen
Authors: T. TANAKA, K. TAKAHASHI, F. FURUKAWA, S. IMAMURA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The monoclonal antibody LH7:2, which recognizes type VII collagen, is now used in the diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. We constructed the expression vector which contains the cDNA fragment of type VII collagen. Western blot with LH7:2 was carried out with the resultant fusion proteins which overlap each other, and we found that reactivity is located in the central region of the N-terminal non-collagenous domain of type VII collagen, at a position 81 kDa upstream from the collagenous domain. This epitope mapping for LH7:2 may be useful in studying the role of type VII collagen in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica.
Identification of adult hepatic progenitor cells capable of repopulating injured rat liver
Authors: Mladen I. Yovchev, Petar N. Grozdanov, Hongchao Zhou, Harini Racherla, Chandan Guha, Mariana D. Dabeva
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Oval cells appear and expand in the liver when hepatocyte proliferation is compromised. Many different markers have been attributed to these cells, but their nature still remains obscure. This study is a detailed gene expression analysis aimed at revealing their identity and repopulating in vivo capacity. Oval cells were activated in 2-acetylaminofluorene–treated rats subjected to partial hepatectomy or in d-galactosamine–treated rats. Two surface markers [epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and thymus cell antigen 1 (Thy-1)] were used for purification of freshly isolated cells. Their gene expression analysis was studied with Affymetrix Rat Expression Array 230 2.0, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescent microscopy. We found that EpCAM+ and Thy-1+ cells represent two different populations of cells in the oval cell niche. EpCAM+ cells express the classical oval cell markers (alpha-fetoprotein, cytokeratin-19, OV-1 antigen, a6 integrin, and connexin 43), cell surface markers recently identified by us (CD44, CD24, EpCAM, aquaporin 5, claudin-4, secretin receptor, claudin-7, V-ros sarcoma virus oncogene homolog 1, cadherin 22, mucin-1, and CD133), and liver-enriched transcription factors (forkhead box q, forkhead box a2, onecut 1, and transcription factor 2). Oval cells do not express previously reported hematopoietic stem cell markers Thy-1, c-kit, and CD34 or the neuroepithelial marker neural cell adhesion molecule 1. However, oval cells express a number of mesenchymal markers including vimentin, mesothelin, bone morphogenetic protein 7, and Tweak receptor (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12A). A group of novel differentially expressed oval cell genes is also presented. It is shown that Thy-1+ cells are mesenchymal cells with characteristics of myofibroblasts/activated stellate cells. Transplantation experiments reveal that EpCAM+ cells are true progenitors capable of repopulating injured rat liver. Conclusion: We have shown that EpCAM+ oval cells are bipotential adult hepatic epithelial progenitors. These cells display a mixed epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype that has not been recognized previously. They are valuable candidates for liver cell therapy. (Hepatology 2007.)
Hepatitis induced by traditional Chinese herbs; possible toxic components.
Authors: J A Kane, S P Kane, S Jain
Journal: Gut (1995)

Traditional Chinese herbal remedies are widely available in the United Kingdom for the treatment of chronic skin disorders. Their benefits are considerable, but their use is completely unregulated. Two patients are described here who suffered an acute hepatitic illness related to taking traditional Chinese herbs. Both recovered fully. The mixtures that they took included two plant components also contained within the mixture taken by a previously reported patient who suffered fatal hepatic necrosis. These cases high-light the need for greater awareness of both the therapeutic and toxic potential of herbal remedies, as well as greater control of their use.
Different clinical behaviors of acute hepatitis C virus infection are associated with different vigor of the anti-viral cell-mediated immune response.
Authors: G Missale, R Bertoni, V Lamonaca, A Valli, M Massari, C Mori, M G Rumi, M Houghton, F Fiaccadori, C Ferrari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The anti-viral T cell response is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection. Since chronic evolution occurs in > 50% of HCV infections, the sequential analysis of the T cell response from the early clinical stages of disease may contribute to define the features of the T cell response associated with recovery or chronic viral persistence. For this purpose, 21 subjects with acute hepatitis C virus infection were sequentially followed for an average time of 44 wk. Twelve patients normalized transaminase values that remained normal throughout the follow-up period; all but two cleared hepatitis C virus-RNA from serum. The remaining nine patients showed persistent viremia and elevated transaminases. Analysis of the peripheral blood T cell proliferative response to core, E1, E2, NS3, NS4, and NS5 recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides showed that responses to all hepatitis C virus antigens, except E1, were significantly more vigorous and more frequently detectable in patients who normalized transaminase levels than in those who did not. By sequential evaluation of the T cell response, a difference between the two groups of patients was already detectable at the very early stages of acute infection and then maintained throughout the follow-up period. The results suggest that the vigor of the T cell response during the early stages of infection may be a critical determinant of disease resolution and control of infection.
Is motor pathology associated with setting new CNS priorities or with increased difficulty in overcoming or suppressing preexisting CNS priorities?
Authors: Stephan P. Swinnen, Sabine M. P. Verschueren, Natalia Dounskaia
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Whereas Latash &amp; Anson (L&amp;A) have underscored the rearrangement or setting of new priorities, our primary focus is on preexisting central nervous system (CNS) priorities that become even more prevalent and intrusive under pathological conditions. The adaptations observed in the disordered motor system can often be understood against the backdrop of these primary CNS constraints. Even though this perspective has not been specifically addressed in the target article, we consider it complementary and not necessarily in opposition to L&amp;A's primary thesis.