tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DC-SIGN (CD209) Mediates Dengue Virus Infection of Human Dendritic Cells
Authors: Boonrat Tassaneetrithep, Timothy H. Burgess, Angela Granelli-Piperno, Christine Trumpfheller, Jennifer Finke, Wellington Sun, Michael A. Eller, Kovit Pattanapanyasat, Suttipant Sarasombath, Deborah L. Birx, Ralph M. Steinman, Sarah Schlesinger, Mary A. Marovich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Dengue virus is a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus that productively infects human dendritic cells (DCs) primarily at the immature stage of their differentiation. We now find that all four serotypes of dengue use DC-SIGN (CD209), a C-type lectin, to infect dendritic cells. THP-1 cells become susceptible to dengue infection after transfection of DC-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), or its homologue L-SIGN, whereas the infection of dendritic cells is blocked by anti–DC-SIGN antibodies and not by antibodies to other molecules on these cells. Viruses produced by dendritic cells are infectious for DC-SIGN– and L-SIGN–bearing THP-1 cells and other permissive cell lines. Therefore, DC-SIGN may be considered as a new target for designing therapies that block dengue infection.
R-CVP Versus R-CHOP Versus R-FM for the Initial Treatment of Patients With Advanced-Stage Follicular Lymphoma: Results of the FOLL05 Trial Conducted by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi
Authors: Massimo Federico, Stefano Luminari, Alessandra Dondi, Alessandra Tucci, Umberto Vitolo, Luigi Rigacci, Francesco Di Raimondo, Angelo Michele Carella, Alessandro Pulsoni, Francesco Merli, Luca Arcaini, Francesco Angrilli, Caterina Stelitano, Gianluca Gaidano, Matteo Dell'Olio, Luigi Marcheselli, Vito Franco, Sara Galimberti, Stefano Sacchi, Maura Brugiatelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose Although rituximab (R) is commonly used for patients with advanced follicular lymphoma (FL) requiring treatment, the optimal associated chemotherapy regimen has yet to be clarified. Patients and Methods We conducted an open-label, multicenter, randomized trial among adult patients with previously untreated stages II to IV FL to compare efficacy of eight doses of R associated with eight cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) or six cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or six cycles of fludarabine and mitoxantrone (FM). The principal end point of the study was time to treatment failure (TTF). Results There were 534 patients enrolled onto the study. Overall response rates were 88%, 93%, and 91% for R-CVP, R-CHOP, and R-FM, respectively (P=.247). After a median follow-up of 34 months, 3-year TTFs were 46%, 62%, and 59% for the respective treatment groups (R-CHOP v R-CVP, P=.003; R-FM v R-CVP, P=.006; R-FM v R-CHOP, P=.763). Three-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 52%, 68%, and 63% (overall P=.011), respectively, and 3-year overall survival was 95% for the whole series. R-FM resulted in higher rates of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (64%) compared with R-CVP (28%) and R-CHOP (50%; P&lt; .001). Overall, 23 second malignancies were registered during follow-up: four in R-CVP, five in R-CHOP, and 14 in R-FM. Conclusion In this study, R-CHOP and R-FM were superior to R-CVP in terms of 3-year TTF and PFS. In addition, R-CHOP had a better risk-benefit ratio compared with R-FM.
Prophylactic Use of an Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillator after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stefan H. Hohnloser, Karl Heinz Kuck, Paul Dorian, Robin S. Roberts, John R. Hampton, Robert Hatala, Eric Fain, Michael Gent, Stuart J. Connolly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) therapy has been shown to improve survival in patients with various heart conditions who are at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias. Whether benefit occurs in patients early after myocardial infarction is unknown.
Clinical trial comparing nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) plus brief counselling, brief counselling alone, and minimal intervention on smoking cessation in hospital inpatients
Authors: A Molyneux, S Lewis, U Leivers, A Anderton, M Antoniak, A Brackenridge, F Nilsson, A McNeill, R West, J Moxham, J Britton
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Guidelines recommend that smoking cessation interventions are offered in all clinical settings to all smokers willing to make a quit attempt. Since the effectiveness of routine provision of behavioural counselling and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to smokers admitted to hospital has not been established, a randomised controlled trial of these interventions given together compared with counselling alone or minimal intervention was performed in hospital inpatients.Medical and surgical inpatients who were current smokers at the time of admission were randomised to receive either usual care (no additional advice at admission), counselling alone (20 minute intervention with written materials), or NRT plus counselling (counselling intervention with a 6 week course of NRT). Continuous and point prevalence abstinence from smoking (validated by exhaled carbon monoxide <10 ppm) was measured at discharge from hospital and at 3 and 12 months, and self-reported reduction in cigarette consumption in smokers was assessed at 3 and 12 months.274 inpatient smokers were enrolled. Abstinence was higher in the NRT plus counselling group (n=91) than in the counselling alone (n=91) or usual care (n=92) groups. The difference between the groups was significant for validated point prevalence abstinence at discharge (55%, 43%, 37% respectively, p=0.045) and at 12 months (17%, 6%, 8%, p=0.03). The respective differences in continuous validated abstinence at 12 months were 11%, 4%, 8% (p=0.25). There was no significant difference between counselling alone and usual care, or in reduction in cigarette consumption between the treatment groups.NRT given with brief counselling to hospital inpatients is an effective routine smoking cessation intervention.
Hypercholesterolemia Abrogates Late Preconditioning via a Tetrahydrobiopterin-Dependent Mechanism in Conscious Rabbits
Authors: Xian-Liang Tang, Hitoshi Takano, Yu-Ting Xuan, Hiroshi Sato, Eitaro Kodani, Buddhadeb Dawn, Yanqing Zhu, Gregg Shirk, Wen-Jian Wu, Roberto Bolli
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Although the late phase of ischemic preconditioning (PC) is known to confer cardioprotection in healthy animal models, it is unknown whether this phenomenon exists in the presence of hypercholesterolemia. The goal of this study was to determine whether the infarct-sparing effect of late PC is affected by hypercholesterolemia and, if so, whether a tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-dependent mechanism is responsible for the loss of late PC.Conscious rabbits fed a normal diet or a 1% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks were subjected to ischemic PC (six 4-minute coronary occlusion/4-minute reperfusion cycles) and, 24 hours later, underwent a 30-minute occlusion followed by 3 days of reperfusion. A total of 125 rabbits were used. In normocholesterolemic rabbits, ischemic PC reduced infarct size, an effect that was abrogated by administration of the BH4 synthesis inhibitor N-acetylserotonin (15 mg/kg IV) before the 30-minute occlusion. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, however, ischemic PC failed to reduce infarct size. Myocardial BH4 levels in the ischemic zone increased 24 hours after ischemic PC in normocholesterolemic rabbits but not in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. In addition, in normocholesterolemic rabbits, pretreatment with N-acetylserotonin completely abolished the ischemic PC-induced increase in myocardial BH4 levels.This study demonstrates that (1) hypercholesterolemia abrogates both the infarct-sparing effect of late PC and the concomitant upregulation of myocardial BH4, and (2) inhibition of myocardial BH4 synthesis in the absence of hypercholesterolemia is sufficient to abolish the infarct-sparing effect of late PC. The results support the concept that hypercholesterolemia abrogates late PC by preventing the upregulation of BH4, an essential cofactor for inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Wegener's Granulomatosis: Prospective Clinical and Therapeutic Experience With 85 Patients for 21 Years
Authors: Anthony S. Fauci, Barton F. Haynes, Paul Katz, Sheldon M. Wolff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Eighty-five patients with Wegener's granulomatosis were studied for 21 years at the National Institutes of Health. Patients were treated with a protocol consisting of cyclophosphamide, 2 mg/kg body weight d, together with prednisone, 1 mg/kg body weight d, followed by conversion of the prednisone to an alternate-day regimen. Complete remissions were achieved in 79 of 85 patients (93%). The mean duration of remission for living patients was 48.2 (+/- 3.6) months. Twenty-three patients are off all therapy for a mean duration of 35.3 (+/- 6.3) months without therapy. This study provides a prospective experience with Wegener's granulomatosis and shows that long-term remissions can be induced and maintained in an extremely high number of patients by the combination of daily cyclophosphamide and alternate-day prednisone therapy.
Visualization and Temporal/Spatial Characterization of Cardiac Radiofrequency Ablation Lesions Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Albert C. Lardo, Elliot R. McVeigh, Pitayadet Jumrussirikul, Ronald D. Berger, Hugh Calkins, João Lima, Henry R. Halperin
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The purpose of this study was to describe a system and method for creating, visualizing, and monitoring cardiac radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and Results —RFA was performed in the right ventricular apex of 6 healthy mongrel dogs with a custom 7F nonmagnetic ablation catheter (4-mm electrode) in a newly developed real-time interactive cardiac MRI system. Catheters were positioned to intracardiac targets by use of an MRI fluoroscopy sequence, and ablated tissue was imaged with T2-weighted fast spin-echo and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted gradient-echo sequences. Lesion size by MRI was determined and compared with measurements at gross and histopathological examination. Ablated areas of myocardium appeared as hyperintense regions directly adjacent to the catheter tip and could be detected 2 minutes after RF delivery. Lesions reached maximum size ≈5 minutes after ablation, whereas lesion signal intensity increased linearly with time but then reached a plateau at 12.2±2.1 minutes. Lesion size by MR correlated well with actual postmortem lesion size and histological necrosis area (55.4±7.2 versus 49.7±5.9 mm 2 , r =0.958, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —RFA can be performed in vivo in a new real-time interactive cardiac MRI system. The spatial and temporal extent of cardiac lesions can be visualized and monitored by T2- and T1-weighted imaging, and MRI lesion size agrees well with actual postmortem lesion size. MRI-guided RFA may be a useful approach to help facilitate anatomic lesion placement and to provide insight into the biophysical effects of new ablation techniques and technologies.
Carbon Monoxide Expedites Metabolic Exhaustion to Inhibit Tumor Growth
Authors: Barbara Wegiel, David Gallo, Eva Csizmadia, Clair Harris, John Belcher, Gregory M. Vercellotti, Nuno Penacho, Pankaj Seth, Vikas Sukhatme, Asif Ahmed, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Leszek Helczynski, Anders Bjartell, Jenny Liao Persson, Leo E. Otterbein
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

One classical feature of cancer cells is their metabolic acquisition of a highly glycolytic phenotype. Carbon monoxide (CO), one of the products of the cytoprotective molecule heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cancer cells, has been implicated in carcinogenesis and therapeutic resistance. However, the functional contributions of CO and HO-1 to these processes are poorly defined. In human prostate cancers, we found that HO-1 was nuclear localized in malignant cells, with low enzymatic activity in moderately differentiated tumors correlating with relatively worse clinical outcomes. Exposure to CO sensitized prostate cancer cells but not normal cells to chemotherapy, with growth arrest and apoptosis induced in vivo in part through mitotic catastrophe. CO targeted mitochondria activity in cancer cells as evidenced by higher oxygen consumption, free radical generation, and mitochondrial collapse. Collectively, our findings indicated that CO transiently induces an anti-Warburg effect by rapidly fueling cancer cell bioenergetics, ultimately resulting in metabolic exhaustion.
NMDA Induces Long-Term Synaptic Depression and Dephosphorylation of the GluR1 Subunit of AMPA Receptors in Hippocampus
Authors: Hey-Kyoung Lee, Kimihiko Kameyama, Richard L Huganir, Mark F Bear
Journal: Neuron (1998)

Brief bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) to hippocampal slices produces long-term synaptic depression (LTD) in CA1 that is (1) sensitive to postnatal age, (2) saturable, (3) induced postsynaptically, (4) reversible, and (5) not associated with a change in paired pulse facilitation. Chemically induced LTD (Chem-LTD) and homosynaptic LTD are mutually occluding, suggesting a common expression mechanism. Using phosphorylation site–specific antibodies, we found that induction of chem-LTD produces a persistent dephosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit of AMPA receptors at serine 845, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) substrate, but not at serine 831, a substrate of protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). These results suggest that dephosphorylation of AMPA receptors is an expression mechanism for LTD and indicate an unexpected role of PKA in the postsynaptic modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission.
Defects of filaggrin-like proteins in both lesional and nonlesional atopic skin
Authors: Laurence Pellerin, Julie Henry, Chiung-Yueh Hsu, Stéfana Balica, Catherine Jean-Decoster, Marie-Claire Méchin, Britta Hansmann, Elke Rodriguez, Stefan Weindinger, Anne-Marie Schmitt, Guy Serre, Carle Paul, Michel Simon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
THE METABOLIC DEFECT RESPONSIBLE FOR URIC ACID STONE FORMATION*
Authors: Philip H. Henneman, Stanley Wallach, Eleanor F. Dempsey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

The composition of a urinary tract stone often may be related to increased urinary concentration of one or more of the stone constituents or to characteristic hydrogen ion concentrations in the urine (1). Thus calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate are the major constituents of stones in patients with hypercalciuria, cystine stones are limited to patients with increased urinary cystine due to cystinuria (2), and calcium magnesium ammonium phosphate stones are generally found in patients with constantly alkaline urine due to ureasplitting infections. Boyce and King (3) have suggested that formation of an organic matrix may be the primary abnormality in stone formers and that the mineral content of the stone may reflect merely the chemical composition of the urine at the time the matrix was formed. This paper concerns studies of certain chemical factors in patients known to form uric acid stones.
Clinical Pharmacologic Studies with Human Insulin (recombinant DNA)
Authors: J A Galloway, M A Root, R Bergstrom, C T Spradlin, D C Howey, S E Fineberg, R L Jackson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Normal fasting subjects were used to study the pharmacokinetics of human insulin (recombinant DNA). Purified pork insulin (PPI) was used as a control agent. There was no difference in serum concentrations between neutral regular human insulin and PPI after intravenous administration. When given subcutaneously, peak concentrations are occasionally higher for human insulin than for PPI. The bioavailability indices for the two insulins are essentially the same. NPH human insulin produced a slightly higher serum concentration after 4 h than did NPH PPI. Studies with 70/30 NPH-regular mixtures suggest that the affinity of protamine for human insulin is less than that for PPI. The serum insulin concentrations after lente human insulin and PPI were not different. These studies, and a review of the published clinical pharmacologic literature, indicate that when present the differences between human insulin and PPI are minimal.
Increase in plasma levels of secretory type II phospholipase A2 in patients with coronary spastic angina
Authors: K Kugiyama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Plasma levels of sPLA2 were increased in various chronic inflammatory diseases including coronary artery disease. Lipid products mediated through PLA2 have been shown to induce impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation, contraction of smooth muscle and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, all of which might lead to coronary spasm. Thus, this study investigated whether plasma levels of secretory non-pancreatic type II phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) may be increased in patients with coronary spastic angina, considering the possible link of sPLA2 with pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm. Methods: Plasma levels of sPLA2 in peripheral circulation, in coronary sinus and in aortic root were measured in 57 patients with coronary spastic angina, 46 patients with stable effort angina and 53 control patients by radioimmunoassay. Results: The peripheral plasma levels of sPLA2 were increased in patients with coronary spastic angina compared with control patients. In multivariate statistical analysis, the increase in sPLA2 levels was a significant risk for the presence of coronary spasm independent of other risk factors including C-reactive protein levels. The coronary sinus–arterial difference of plasma sPLA2 levels, reflecting sPLA2 released into the coronary circulation, was increased during coronary spasm induced by the intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine in patients with coronary spastic angina, but it remained unchanged both during the acetylcholine infusion and during myocardial ischemia provoked by rapid atrial pacing in patients with stable effort angina and in control patients. Conclusion: The increase in peripheral plasma levels of sPLA2 is a significant risk factor for the presence of coronary spasm and it may possibly reflect inflammatory activity in spasm coronary arteries.
Choice of Preoperative Radiotherapy in Treatment of Distal T2-3N + /- Rectal Cancer
Authors: Shchepotin Ighor, Kolesnik Olena, Ivankova Valentyna, Grabovoy Oleksandr, Stolyarova Oksana, Beznosenko Andriy, Makhmudov Dmytro, Burlaka Anton
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin on Vascular Inflammation, Plaque Stability, and Atherogenesis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice
Authors: Tillmann Cyrus, Syuan Sung, Lei Zhao, Colin D. Funk, Syun Tang, Domenico Praticò
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Atherosclerosis is a complex vascular inflammatory disease. Low-dose aspirin is a mainstay in the prevention of vascular complications of atherosclerosis. We wished to determine the effect of low-dose aspirin on vascular inflammation, plaque composition, and atherogenesis in LDL receptor–deficient mice fed a high fat diet. Methods and Results— In LDL receptor–deficient mice fed a high fat diet compared with control mice, low-dose aspirin induced a significant decrease in circulating levels and vascular formation of soluble intercellular molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-12p 40, without affecting lipid levels. This was associated with significant reduction of the nuclear factor κB activity in the aorta. Low-dose aspirin also significantly reduced the extent of atherosclerosis. Finally, aortic vascular lesions of the aspirin-treated animals showed 57% reduction ( P &lt;0.05) in the amount of macrophage cells, 77% increase in smooth muscle cells ( P &lt;0.05), and 23% increase in collagen ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— Our results suggest that in murine atherosclerosis, low-dose aspirin suppresses vascular inflammation and increases the stability of atherosclerotic plaques, both of which, together with its antiplatelet activity, contribute to its antiatherogenic effect. We conclude that low-dose aspirin might be rationally evaluated in the progression and evolution of human atherosclerotic plaque.
The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in human guts has correlation to the consumption of antibiotics in animal
Authors: Yongfei Hu, Xi Yang, Na Lu, Baoli Zhu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Increasing evidence has accumulated to support that the human gut is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. We previously identified more than 1000 genes displaying high similarity with known antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut gene set generated from the Chinese, Danish, and Spanish populations. Here, first, we add our new understanding of antibiotic resistance genes in the US and the Japanese populations; next, we describe the structure of a vancomycin-resistant operon in a Danish sample; and finally, we provide discussions on the correlation of the abundance of resistance genes in human gut with the antibiotic consumption in human medicine and in animal husbandry. These results, combined with those we published previously, provide comprehensive insights into the antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiota at a population level.
Rates and Risk Factors for Recurrence of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Stephanie MacNeill, Linda Dodds, David C. Hamilton, B. Anthony Armson, M. VandenHof
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

To determine the recurrence rate of gestational diabetes (GDM) during a subsequent pregnancy among women who had GDM during an index pregnancy and to identify factors associated with the probability of recurrence A retrospective longitudinal study was performed in Nova Scotia, Canada, of women who were diagnosed as having GDM during a pregnancy between the years of 1980 and 1996 and who had at least one subsequent pregnancy during this time period. When only the index and first subsequent pregnancy were analyzed, the cohort included 651 women. The recurrence rate of GDM in the pregnancy after the pregnancy with the initial diagnosis of GDM was determined. Multivariate regression models were constructed to model the recurrence of GDM in a subsequent pregnancy as functions of potential predictors to estimate RRs and CIs. The rate of recurrence of GDM in the pregnancy subsequent to the index pregnancy was found to the 35.6% (95% CI = 31.9-39.3%). Multivariate regression models showed that infant birth weight in the index pregnancy and maternal prepregnancy weight before the subsequent pregnancy were predictive of recurrent GDM. In this large cohort of women, slightly more than one-third of the subjects had diabetes in a subsequent pregnancy, which is consistent with recurrence rates in other predominately white populations. Strategies to reduce the occurrence of neonatal macrosomia and maternal prepregnancy obesity may help lower the rate of recurrence of GDM.