tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical severity and prognosis of hand eczema
Authors: M. Hald, T. Agner, J. Blands, N.K. Veien, G. Laurberg, C. Avnstorp, T. Menné, K. Kaaber, B. Kristensen, O. Kristensen, K.E. Andersen, E. Paulsen, J. Thormann, M. Sommerlund, N.H. Nielsen, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Hand eczema (HE) is a frequent, long‐lasting disease with both personal and societal repercussions. Consequently, more information is needed on factors that maintain symptoms. Objectives In this study, patients with HE were followed for 6 months from the first visit to a dermatologist to identify factors associated with severe disease and a poor prognosis. Methods Study participants were 799 patients with HE from nine dermatological clinics in Denmark. Severity assessment of the HE was done at baseline and at the 6‐month follow‐up using the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) and by patients using a self‐administered photographic guide. Additional information was obtained from a baseline questionnaire. Results At baseline, 60·3% assessed their HE as moderate to very severe using the self‐administered photographic guide compared with 36·1% at follow‐up. The mean HECSI value decreased from 19·9 points at baseline to 11·2 points at follow‐up (P <0·001). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, statistically significant associations with severe HE at baseline were older age (P <0·001), atopic dermatitis (P =0·01) and ≥ 1 positive patch test (P <0·001). Being an unskilled worker was a predictor for a poor prognosis at follow‐up (P =0·04), and the presence of frequent symptoms during the previous 12 months was associated with severe initial disease (P =0·02) and a poor prognosis (P =0·04). Conclusions Overall, the disease had improved 6 months after the dermatological examination: nevertheless, many patients continued to have significant symptoms. Dermatologists should pay special attention to patients with frequent eruptions and to unskilled workers.
Migraine. II. Treatment
Authors: J. R. Saper
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE MOST useful therapeutic tool in the treatment of a patient with chronic headache is the establishment of a trusting relationship between physician and patient. The physician must convey a genuine interest in the patient's distress, giving the patient ample time to discuss his symptoms and the social and emotional disruptions that either promote the symptoms or arise as a result of them. Because the headache sufferer is often anxious and frightened, a full explanation of the diagnostic and treatment approach can help allay inappropriate fear. Unfounded or premature emphasis on emotional factors as a cause of the headaches must be avoided, lest it encourage a defensive posture toward the physician and prevent the development of the confidence necessary for successful treatment. <h3>NONMEDICAL TREATMENT</h3><h3>Isolating Triggering Factors</h3> Migraine can be viewed as a genetically determined physiologic predisposition that is influenced by a wide variety of emotional, biological, and constitutional factors,
In vitro fertilisation for all?
Authors: R. E Ashcroft
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The question is for local purchasers to answer, not for NICE 

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) was established in 1999 to provide authoritative advice to the NHS on the clinical and cost effectiveness of medical technologies, to devise and approve guidelines for the use of such technologies, and to contribute to improvement of quality in the NHS. In late 2000 it was asked by the then secretary of state for health, Alan Milburn, to consider treatment of fertility in the NHS. It has now produced draft guidelines for consultation.1

By far the largest part of this guideline is an exemplary series of evidence based recommendations about particular techniques and protocols used in the management of infertility. Most media attention has been paid, however, to the proposed recommendation about the level of service to be provided to couples experiencing difficulties in conceiving. NICE proposes that all couples meeting certain clinical criteria should have up to three complete cycles of in vitro fertilisation free on the NHS.

Central to the rationale of NICE is the view …
THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE SKIN:* A REVIEW; WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: E. M. WATSON, R. H. PEARCE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1947)

Journal Article THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE SKIN: A REVIEW; WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES Get access E. M. WATSON, M.D., F.R.C.P.Edin., E. M. WATSON, M.D., F.R.C.P.Edin. Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. H. PEARCE, B.Sc R. H. PEARCE, B.Sc Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 59, Issue 10, 1 October 1947, Pages 327–333, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1947.tb10870.x Published: 01 October 1947
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN CARE AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A REPORT FROM THE NCDR®
Authors: Siddharth A. Wayangankar, Sripal Bangalore, Lisa McCoy, Hani Jneid, Wassef Karrowni, Faisal Latif, Paramita Saha Chaudhuri, Eric Peterson, Habib Dakik, Laura Mauri, Matthew Roe, John Messenger, Debabrata Mukherjee, Andrew Klein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
UNUSUAL PARAPHENYLENEDIAMINE DERMATITIS
Authors: W. G. C. PATERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article UNUSUAL PARAPHENYLENEDIAMINE DERMATITIS Get access W. G. C. PATERSON, M.D., M.R.C.P. W. G. C. PATERSON, M.D., M.R.C.P. Physician, Wellington Hospital, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 11, 1 November 1935, Pages 468–469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb10223.x Published: 01 November 1935
Long-Term Survival, Modes of Death, and Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Fontan Surgery
Authors: Paul Khairy, Susan M. Fernandes, John E. Mayer, John K. Triedman, Edward P. Walsh, James E. Lock, Michael J. Landzberg
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— To better define determinants of mortality in patients with univentricular physiology, a database registry was created of patients born in 1985 or earlier with Fontan surgery who were followed up at Children’s Hospital Boston. Methods and Results— A total of 261 patients, 121 of whom (46.4%) were women, had a first Fontan surgery at a median age of 7.9 years: right atrium–to–pulmonary artery connection in 135 (51.7%); right atrium to right ventricle in 25 (9.6%); and total cavopulmonary connection in 101 (38.7%). Over a median of 12.2 years, 76 (29.1%) died, 5 (1.9%) had cardiac transplantation, 5 (1.9%) had Fontan revision, and 21 (8.0%) had Fontan conversion. Perioperative mortality decreased steadily over time and accounted for 68.4% of all deaths. In early survivors, actuarial freedom from death or transplantation was 93.7%, 89.9%, 87.3%, and 82.6% at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively, with no significant difference between right atrium to pulmonary artery versus total cavopulmonary connection. Late deaths were classified as sudden in 7 patients (9.2%), thromboembolic in 6 (7.9%), heart failure–related in 5 (6.7%), sepsis in 2 (2.6%), and other in 4 (5.2%). Most sudden deaths were of presumed arrhythmic origin with no identifiable predictor. Independent risk factors for thromboembolic death were lack of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 91.6; P =0.0041) and clinically diagnosed intracardiac thrombus (HR, 22.7; P =0.0002). Independent predictors of heart failure death were protein-losing enteropathy (HR, 7.1; P =0.0043), single morphologically right ventricle (HR, 10.5; P =0.0429), and higher right atrial pressure (HR, 1.3 per 1 mm Hg; P =0.0016). Conclusion— In perioperative survivors of Fontan surgery, gradual attrition occurs predominantly from thromboembolic, heart failure–related, and sudden deaths.
Roche says it will not relinquish control over access to clinical trial data
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Campaigners for full transparency of all clinical trial data have responded with incredulity to a statement from the drug company Roche saying that it would continue to hold back certain information and results from research into its drugs.

Tracey Brown, director of the charity Sense About Science, said that the company was “on another planet.”

In January Brown helped to set up the AllTrials campaign (www.alltrials.net), together with the BMJ and others, for all clinical trials to be registered and reported in full.1

So far the campaign has collected 37 889 signatures for its public petition to put pressure on researchers, funding bodies, and institutions to take action on the issue. And more than 180 organisations have signed up to the initiative, including the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, the Wellcome Trust, the UK Medical Research Council and medical royal colleges, the drug company GlaxoSmithKline, and more than 90 patient groups.2

Researchers from the Cochrane Collaboration have been waiting for …
The Cross-Roads Surgeon
Authors: Paul Peniston
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —I have been very much interested in the discussion of the paper on "Posterior Gastrojejunostomy in Acute Perforative Ulcer of the Stomach and Duodenum," presented by Dr. John B. Denver at the Minneapolis meeting of the American Medical Association. While I fully realize the necessity of emphasizing the responsibility assumed in attempting to operate in cases of this character, I regret the somewhat personal character of the discussion when reference was made to cross-roads surgeons. Less than a century ago the superstition was prevalent that all major operations must of necessity be performed in a hospital ward; later, that a celiotomy must of necessity go to Philadelphia; and subsequent to this, that only large cities and extraordinarily wellequipped hospitals could be used for performing these grave operations. However, modern surgery of the best and most successful type is being done by these cross-roads surgeons who are criticized
CANCER OF THE TONGUE
Authors: WILLIAM H. SCHMIDT
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The treatment of cancer of the tongue is of vital importance to the medical profession, because of its frequency and virulent character. Some authorities place it next in frequency to cancer of the uterus, and others assign it to third and fourth place. While the disease occurs most frequently in men, it is not uncommon in women. A point that should be emphasized is that the disease does occur in the second and third decade, and great care should be taken not to be influenced too much by the apparent youth of the patient. It would seem that the disease is becoming more frequent in younger persons, and while more accurate diagnosis is undoubtedly being made, this certainly cannot account for the increase noted in younger persons.  There is probably no disease in which the causative factor and the precancerous lesions are more important, because of the serious nature of
Long-Term Trends in the Incidence of and Survival with Heart Failure
Authors: Daniel Levy, Satish Kenchaiah, Martin G. Larson, Emelia J. Benjamin, Michelle J. Kupka, Kalon K.L. Ho, Joanne M. Murabito, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Heart failure is a major public health problem. Long-term trends in the incidence of heart failure and survival after its onset in the community have not been characterized.
1003-85 Lack of efficacy of intracoronary thrombus aspiration before coronary stenting in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Hiroyuki Kunji, Mikihiro Kijima, Takao Araki, Kenji Tamaki, Atsushi Katoh, Takaaki Kubo, Tomiyoshi Saitou, Akira Hirosaka, Hitoshi Matsuo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Atlas of the Myocardium.
Authors: V. PAMIL, R. O'DENE, M. OSMOLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Atlas of the Myocardium. Get access VERA PAMIL, VERA PAMIL Crossbridge College of Art and Radical Cardiology Box P-450, Gap Junction Actin City, CA, USA Teaching, Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RYAN O'DENE, RYAN O'DENE Crossbridge College of Art and Radical Cardiology Box P-450, Gap Junction Actin City, CA, USA Teaching, Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MILLY OSMOLE MILLY OSMOLE Crossbridge College of Art and Radical Cardiology Box P-450, Gap Junction Actin City, CA, USA Teaching, Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 1993, Pages 691–692, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.4.691 Published: 01 April 1993
Arthritis associated with hairy cell leukaemia.
Authors: M A Sattar, M I Cawley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

We report the case of a 65-year-old patient with a 15-year history of intermittent asymmetrical oligoarthritis, who subsequently developed splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and episodic leucopenia and thrombocytopaenia. Investigations revealed hairy cell leukaemia, and 9hairy cells9 were detected in the synovial fluid. No other cause for this arthritis was found, and we consider the blood dyscrasia to be the likely cause. This case demonstrates a hitherto unreported association between arthritis and hairy cell leukaemia.
A Vaccination Dilemma
Authors: Joseph H. Lapin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  While most pediatricians will agree with the recent EDITORIAL on vaccination against rubella ( 215 :1492, 1971), it poses a medicolegal dilemma for those in states in which rubella vaccination has been mandated by law as a condition for school entrance. The editor advises that an effort should be made to repeal or suspend them [ie, the laws] until it is certain that the best interests of the entire community are served, and that meanwhile the lay public should be informed forthrightly about the hypothetical risks as well as the advantages of mass vaccination.  Many of us disagreed with the public health experts who rammed the bill for compulsary rubella vaccination through our state legislature. We knew the objections raised in the state of Washington and in England to mass vaccination against rubella in young children. However, faced with a law, we could only comply. What now? The
Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in histologically poorly differentiated type early gastric cancer
Authors: C. Kunisaki, M. Takahashi, Y. Nagahori, T. Fukushima, H. Makino, R. Takagawa, T. Kosaka, H. Ono, H. Akiyama, Y. Moriwaki, A. Nakano
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background: We retrospectively evaluated the predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in poorly differentiated early gastric cancer (poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma) in order to examine the possibility of endoscopic resection for poorly differentiated early gastric cancer.
An unusual burn
Authors: C. J. Mitchell, Z. Ahmad, M. S. Khan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 56 year old man presented with an injury to the radial aspect of his right wrist (figure⇓). While undertaking mechanical repairs to his car the previous day his metal wrist watch had made contact with part of the electrical system. He felt immediate pain but did not implement any first aid measures or seek medical attention at the time of injury. Subsequent skin changes and discomfort at the periphery of the lesion prompted him to visit his general practitioner, who suspected an electrical burn and referred him to the local burns unit for assessment and management. He had no medical history of note. On examination the centre of the lesion had a leathery appearance, did not blanch on pressure, and was insensate.





### 1 From the photograph, estimate the total body surface area and depth of this burn

#### Short answer

The photograph shows a full thickness burn to the volar aspect of the wrist, total body surface area about 0.25%.

#### Long answer

Burn depth can be assessed using the four tests summarised in the table⇓.1

View this table:

Assessing burn depth1



Several methods can be used to assess burn surface area as a percentage of total body surface area (TBSA), with the Lund and Browder burn charts being perhaps the most widely used. These allocate a percentage of TBSA to each part of the body and incorporate a conversion factor to compensate for …
Pancreatic and splenic blastomycosis in an immune-competent woman diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration
Authors: J. Deutsch, T. Burke, T. Nelson
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 36-year-old woman presented with a several-month history of worsening left upper quadrant pain and weight loss. A CT scan showed a pancreatic mass and splenic lesions, and possible splenic vein thrombosis ([Fig. 1]). The patient had no history of immunosuppression, diabetes, or HIV. Her physical exam was unremarkable except for left upper quadrant tenderness. Her laboratory tests showed mild microcytic anemia, slight elevation in transaminases, and a two-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase above normal. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) using Pentax EG 3630 UR and EG 3630 U echoendoscopes revealed a cystic lesion in the pancreas and a hypoechoic lesion in the spleen. Aspiration of the pancreas with a 22-G needle and the spleen with a 25-G needle ([Fig. 2], [3]) revealed necrotic debris and uniform yeast organisms with broad-based budding suggestive of blastomycosis at both sites ([Fig. 4], [5]). The presumptive morphological diagnosis was confirmed by culture with DNA probe identification of Blastomyces dermatitidis.
Reorganising the reorganised
Authors: A K Thould
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Unfortunately, too few consultants can find the time for such prolonged decision-making and many who do may not be able to do it effectively.An appropriate example of medical non-management has been the way extra duty has been organised in our own two hospitals.Hours worked, even within the same division, have varied enormously from unit to unit and in one particular division has differed by 100% between the two hospitals, despite similar staff complements and on-call commitments.There needs to be a fair distribution of work and fair payment for it: this requires effective management.With luck our new contract will remedy many such situations.
Rapid Active External Rewarming in Accidental Hypothermia
Authors: John P. Fernandez
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Three patients with marked hypothermia resulting from exposure to cold after heavy alcohol consumption were rewarmed in less than eight hours by means of a hyperthermic mattress. Electrocardiography and physical abnormalities reverted to normal during the rewarming period. There were no sequelae. We conclude from the literature and from our experience with these three patients that immediate, active, rapid external rewarming is a simple and effective method of therapy in accidentally cooled patients.
A National Examining Board.
Authors: John M. Dodson.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Chicago, Sept. 1, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —To the extensive and rapidly growing literature of reciprocity in medical licensure may I add another contribution for the purpose of reviewing and elaborating a suggestion already made by others of a voluntary national examination and certificate? In the address published inThe Journal, August 25, Dr. Harvey has forcibly set forth the difficulties which stand in the way of interstate reciprocity. The examinations given by over sixty state and territorial boards are, and of necessity must long continue to be, so diverse in character and severity as to afford no satisfactory basis for any general reciprocity. Nor is any scheme of compulsory national licensure possible under our-form of government. At the same time it is clearly the opinion of the large majority of contributors to this discussion that an examination and certificate by some central board under the control of the national
Abstract 5119: Smac mimetic inhibits tumorigenicity and growth of glioblastoma by promoting differentiation of glioblastoma cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Aurelie Tchoghandjian, Claudia Jennewein, Ines Eckhardt, Stefan Momma, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Simone Fulda
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are often overexpressed in human cancers including glioblastoma (GBM) and are well characterized for their antiapoptotic properties. Recently, a broader role of IAP proteins in tumor biology has been described, as they also regulate several non-apoptotic signal transduction pathways. Therefore, we investigated the effect of non-toxic concentrations of small-molecule Smac mimetics, which antagonize IAP proteins, on differentiation of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) derived from primary GBM specimens. Since CSLCs have been implicated in resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy and tumor recurrence, they are considered as critical therapeutic targets in GBM. Here, we identify a novel function of Smac mimetic in regulating differentiation of GBM CSLCs by activating NF-κB. Smac mimetic at non-lethal doses stimulates morphological changes associated with differentiation of GBM CSLCs. Smac mimetic increases transcriptional activity, mRNA and protein levels of the astrocytic marker GFAP without altering expression of the neuronal marker β-III-tubulin, indicating that Smac mimetic induces astrocytic differentiation of GBM CSLCs. Molecular studies reveal that Smac mimetic triggers processing of the NF-κB subunit p100 to p52, nuclear translocation of p52 and p50 and increased NF-κB DNA-binding. Intriguingly, inhibition of NF-κB by overexpression of dominant-negative IκBα superrepressor (IκBα-SR) blocks the Smac mimetic-stimulated increase in GFAP and differentiation. Interestingly, this Smac mimetic-stimulated differentiation is associated with reduced expression of stemness markers such as CD133, Nanog and Sox2 in GBM CSLCs. In contrast, Smac mimetic does not alter cell morphology, differentiation and expression of stemness markers in non-malignant neural stem cells. Importantly, Smac mimetic treatment reduces clonogenicity of GBM CSLCs in vitro and in vivo, suppresses their tumorigenicity in orthotopic and subcutaneous mouse models of GBM and significantly increases the survival of mice bearing GBM. By identifying a novel role of Smac mimetic in promoting the differentiation of GBM CSLCs, these findings provide new insights into Smac mimetic-regulated non-apoptotic functions with important implications for targeting GBM CSLCs. Citation Format: Aurelie Tchoghandjian, Claudia Jennewein, Ines Eckhardt, Stefan Momma, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Simone Fulda. Smac mimetic inhibits tumorigenicity and growth of glioblastoma by promoting differentiation of glioblastoma cancer stem-like cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5119. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5119