tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF TOTAL PULMONARY CAPACITY AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS IX. RELATIONSHIP TO THE OXYGEN SATURATION AND CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF THE ARTERIAL BLOOD 1
Authors: Alberto Hurtado, Nolan L. Kaltreider, William S. McCann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1935)

An index of the efficiency of the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the circulat- ing blood and the alveolar air may be derived from the analysis of the arterial blood.How- ever, it must be born in mind that changes in the gaseous content of the blood leaving the lungs may be brought about by a multiplicity of res- piratory and circulatory factors, so that the proper interpretation of the results presents considerable difficulties.Although numerous analyses of ar- terial blood have been made in various pulmonary conditions, a review of the literature reveals very few attempts to correlate these studies with simul- taneous studies of the external respiration.This is particularly true in the case of chronic pulmon- ary diseases, the fibroses and emphysema of the lungs.We have presented in previous communi- cations (1) (2), evidence showing that the changes observed in the total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions in cases of pulmonary emphysema and fibrosis are closely related to the anatomical alterations and tend to be correlated with the degree of clinical respiratory disability.The purpose of this communication is to correlate the alterations in the gaseous content of the arterial blood with the pulmonary capacities in 37 cases of pulmonary fibrosis and in 24 cases of pulmonary emphysema. REVIEW OF THE LITERATUREThe feasibility of obtaining arterial blood by puncture was first demonstrated by Hurter (3) in 1912, and several years later Stadie (4) in 1919, introduced the technique into this country.
Treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavarin in HCV infection with genotype 2 or 3 for 14 weeks: A pilot study
Authors: Olav Dalgard, Kristian Bjøro, Kjell Block Hellum, Bjørn Myrvang, Ståle Ritland, Kjell Skaug, Nils Raknerud, Helge Bell
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of 14 weeks of treatment in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 or 3 who achieve early virological response (EVR). In a noncontrolled multicenter trial, 122 treatment–naive patients received 1.5 μg/kg pegylated interferon alfa–2b subcutaneously once weekly and 800 to 1,400 mg/d ribavirin based on body weight. Treatment was stopped at week 14 in patients with EVR, defined as undetectable HCV RNA at weeks 4 and 8. Patients without EVR were assigned to 24 weeks of treatment. The primary end point was sustained virological response (SVR), defined as undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after end of treatment. Among the 122 patients, 95 (78%) had EVR and received 14 weeks of treatment. The remaining 27 (22%) were treated for 24 weeks. SVR was obtained in 85 (90%) of 95 patients in the 14–week treatment group and 15 of (56%) 27 in the 24–week treatment group. Altogether, SVR was obtained in 100 of 122 patients (82%; 95% CI, 75%–89%). SVR after 14 weeks of treatment was achieved more frequently among genotype 3a patients with low viral load compared with high viral load (98% vs. 79%; P = .019). Logistic regression analysis showed that absence of bridging fibrosis/cirrhosis was the only independent predictor of SVR. In conclusion , patients with genotype 2 or 3 and EVR obtained a high SVR after 14 weeks of treatment. The results need to be confirmed in a randomized, controlled study before this treatment approach can be recommended, particularly for patients with genotype 3 and high viral load or severe fibrosis. (Hepatology 2004;40: 1260-1265.)
Blood-gas Tensions and Aerosols
Authors: J. H. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1970)

the interest of the child, notify the school authorities as soon as the condition is discovered."Are parents and children entitled to no privacy in an increasingly bureaucratic welfare state?Dr. S. D. V. Weller (11 January, 1969, p. 117) gave a frightening example of how information of a purely tentative kind, recorded in school medical records, could be seriously damaging to career finding many years afterwards.While community meas- ures are necessary to help many of those who suffer from chronic epilepsy, it is equally important that those who are going to recover or to improve to such a degree as to be able to perform work and maintain themselves adequately should be protected so far as possible from publicity, which could have an adverse effect on their ability to secure positions which are within their competence.-Iam, etc., D. T. MACLAY.
Prospective Validation of a Decision Rule for the Use of Radiography in Acute Knee Injuries
Authors: Ian G. Stiell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To validate a previously derived decision rule for the use of radiography in patients with acute knee injury. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospectively administered survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Emergency departments of two university hospitals serving adults. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Convenience sample of 1096 of 1251 eligible adults with acute knee injuries; 124 patients were examined by two physicians. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Attending emergency physicians assessed each patient for standardized clinical variables and determined the need for radiography according to the decision rule. Patients who did not have radiography underwent a structured telephone interview at day 14 to determine the possibility of a fracture. The rule was assessed for ability to correctly identify the criterion standard, fracture of the knee. An attempt was made to refine the rule by means of univariate and recursive partitioning analyses. <h3>Results.</h3> —The decision rule had a sensitivity of 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.0) for identifying 63 clinically important fractures. Physicians correctly interpreted the rule in 96% of cases, and the κ value for interpretation was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.89). The potential relative reduction in use of radiography was estimated to be 28%. The probability of fracture, if the decision rule were "negative," is estimated to be 0% (95% CI, 0% to 0.4%). Attempts to refine the rule led to a model with improved specificity but with an unacceptable loss of sensitivity. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Prospective validation has shown this decision rule to be 100% sensitive for identifying fractures of the knee, to be reliable and acceptable, and to have the potential to allow physicians to reduce the use of radiography in patients with acute knee injury. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:611-615)
English Translation of The Hilchoth D'eoth
Authors: Sidney A. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Fred Rosner's "The Hygienic Principles of Moses Maimonides" (<b>194</b>:1352, 1965) states that to his knowledge chapter 4 of the laws dealing with temperaments (Hilchoth D'eoth) has never before been translated into English. I would like to refer him to<i>Mishneh Torah The Book of Knowledge</i>by Maimonides edited according to the Bodleian (Oxford) Codex with Introduction, Biblical and Talmudical References, Notes, and English Translation, by Moses Hyamsom (Boys Town Jerusalem Publishers, 1962), where an entire translation may be found.
Interactions of vasoactive effects of adenosine and potassium ion on isolated feline coronary artery smooth muscle.
Authors: D H Foley, E A Amsterdam, D T Mason
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

This study evaluated the interactions of adenosine and alterations in K + concentration [K + ] on isolated coronary artery smooth muscle.Helical strips of cat coronary arteries, suspended in physiologic salt solution (37 °C, 95% Oi, and 5% COi) were used.In some experiments, isometric tension was induced by acetylcholine (ACh), while in others, spontaneously contracting strips were studied.In the first series of experiments, equilibration of artery strips in solutions of increasing [K + ] (2.0-10.0mM) resulted in progressively decreasing responses to adenosine.ACh-stimulated strips were less responsive to 0.1-10.0uM adenosine than were strips developing spontaneous tone.In the second series of experiments, [K + ] was elevated abruptly in small increments both in the absence and presence of a background level of adenosine.From an initial concentration of 3.0 HIM, a 2.0 min increment of [K + ] induced a transient relaxation of 16.0 ± 2.7% in the absence of adenosine.However, following the addition of adenosine, which produced a 20.4 ± 3.0% relaxation, a 2.0 mM increment of [K + ] induced an additional relaxation of 29.7 ± 4.6%, which was significantly greater than the relaxation in the absence of adenosine (P < 0.005).Simultaneous addition of potassium and adenosine produced significantly greater relaxation than either substance individually.The latter two findings support the concept that vasoactive agents may interact to relax arterial smooth muscle.These results may have implications with regard to local regulation of coronary blood flow.
US contingency plans to provide health cover for high risk patients are inadequate
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A subsidy from the US government to create a high risk pool for individuals who otherwise cannot obtain health insurance because of pre-existing conditions is grossly inadequate, says a report from the Center for Studying Health System Change.

The $5bn (£3.5bn; €4bn)subsidy is meant to fill the gap from 1 July 2010 to January 2014 when provisions of recently enacted reform kick in that prohibit health insurance companies from discriminating on the basis of pre-existing conditions.

The money is sufficient to cover as few as 200 000 people. Estimates of those who might qualify …
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A SENSITIVE TSH ASSAY
Authors: Joseph P. Kriss, Monika F. Bayer, I. Ross McDougall
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A few cases of patients with signs or symptoms suggestive of hyperthyroidism, yet normal serum free thyroxine (FT4) and triiodothyronine (T3), prompted us to explore high sensitivity measurements of TSH as an additional criterion in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. We used an immunoradiometric-type assay employing two different monoclonal anti-TSH antibodies (Hybritech, San Diego). Serum TSH concentrations measured in 20 healthy women were (X±SD) 1.8±0.7 with a range of 0.4–3.2 uU/ml. In this control group FT4 was 1.4±0.2 (normal: 0.8–2.3 ng/dl) and T3 115±15 (normal 70–200 ng/dl). Patients with miscellaneous disorders, but no thyroid disease had TSH levels similar to those in this control group. Untreated clinically hyperthyroid patients (n=21, Graves'/toxic multinodular goiter) with high serum FT4 (4.4±0.6) and T3 (378±123) had, with one exception, a suppressed serum TSH of < 0.3 uU/ml. In hypothyroid patients taking thyroxine, serum TSH was subnormal in 8 of 9 patients with elevated serum FT4 (3.1–4.5), in 4 patients clinically suspected to be hyperthyroid despite normal FT4 (1.0–1.7) and T3 (105–170) and in 6 of 13 patients who also had normal FT4 but appeared euthyroid. Similarly, 14 of 20 (70%) patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer and were taking thyroxine had serum TSH of < 0.3 (7 of these had also abnormal FT4 = 2.5–3.4), while 30% were taking insufficient thyroxine to suppress the serum TSH (FT4 = 1.2–2.5). Baseline TSH correlated with peak TSH post TRH-stimulation (n=15, 12 children and 3 adults, r=0.84): Subnormal TSH of < 0.3 or 0.4 was coupled with no rise, or a blunted response, resp., and normal baseline TSH with a normal TRH-test. We conclude that measurement of serum TSH by highly sensitive assays could establish the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in equivocal cases, replace TRH-stimulation studies in most such cases, and be useful in optimization of thyroxine replacement therapy.
Sarcoidosis in two patients with cystic fibrosis: a fortuitous association?
Authors: T J Cooper, A J Day, P H Weller, D M Geddes
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Two cases of cystic fibrosis complicated by sarcoidosis are described. Possible pathogenetic interactions between the two diseases are discussed. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients with chronic pulmonary inflammation is difficult, and if overlooked may lead to inappropriate treatment.
Guidelines of care for alopecia areata
Authors: Lynn A. Drake, Roger I. Ceilley, Raymond L. Cornelison, William L. Dobes, William Dorner, Robert W. Goltz, Charles W. Lewis, Stuart J. Salasche, Maria L. Chanco Turner, Ralph J. Coskey, Lynn A. Drake, Maria K. Hordinsky, E. William Rosenberg, Alvin R. Solomon, Maria L. Chanco Turner
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)
Inhibition of intracellular degradation increases secretion of a mutant form of alpha1-antitrypsin associated with profound deficiency.
Authors: N Novoradovskaya, J Lee, Z X Yu, V J Ferrans, M Brantly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The mutant Z form of alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT) is responsible for > 95% of all individuals with alpha1AT deficiency, an important inherited cause of emphysema and liver disease. Since secreted Z alpha1AT is a functional antiprotease, we hypothesized that interrupting catabolism of retained Z alpha1AT might increase its transport out of cells, causing an increase in extracellular protease protection. Both the protein translation inhibitor cycloheximide and the specific inhibitor of proteasome function, lactacystin, prevented intracellular degradation of Z alpha1AT. Moreover, this inhibition of degradation was associated with partial restoration of Z alpha1AT vesicular transport. This effect was observed in a model system of transfected CHO cells as well as in human alveolar macrophages synthesizing Z alpha1AT. This study supports the hypothesis that altering the intracellular fate of a mutant protein may be an option in the treatment of diseases associated with misfolded but potentially functional proteins.
The reported demise of the cognitive unconscious is premature
Authors: Anthony J. Lambert
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Perruchet &amp; Vinter (P&amp;V) claim that all mental representations are conscious and that the cognitive unconscious does not exist. Unfortunately, support for these claims is garnered illicitly, by defining the terms representation and computation in a way that is unduly restrictive and misleading. In addition, their proposals fail to engage adequately with critically important evidence and theory from neuropsychology concerning consciousness and cognition.
Use-dependence of ryanodine effects on postrest contraction in ferret cardiac muscle.
Authors: C O Malecot, B G Katzung
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

During an investigation of the effect of ryanodine on contractions in cardiac muscle, it was found that long rest periods removed all or most of the drug's effect. Therefore, we studied the kinetics of block development and recovery from block produced by low concentrations of ryanodine (1-100 pM) on the postrest contractions of ferret papillary muscle. At 100 pM, ryanodine depressed steady-state contraction amplitude slightly (4.2 +/- 1.1% mean +/- SEM, n = 10) but strongly inhibited (40-80%) the first contraction (postrest contraction) elicited on restimulation of the preparation after rest periods of 1 second to 5 minutes. Under control conditions, the nearly maximal potentiation of the twitch occurring after a standard test rest period (30 seconds of rest) was not affected by a preceding conditioning rest of up to 20 minutes. In the presence of 100 pM ryanodine, a conditioning rest increased the amplitude of the twitch elicited after a test rest, and the test rest contraction recovered toward control (drug-free) amplitude monoexponentially (time constant, 582 +/- 105 seconds). Block of postrest contraction could be reinduced by stimulation and occurred faster when higher rates were used (time constants, 758 seconds at 1 Hz and 107 +/- 26 seconds at 3 Hz). Since rest potentiation of twitch tension is believed to be mostly dependent on extra calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the results suggest that the ryanodine-induced blockade of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is use-dependent and recovers during diastole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome: A Possible Mechanism for Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Stefan G. Hubscher, Matthew A. Lumley, Elwyn Elias
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

A syndrome of idiopathic intrahepatic cholestasis occurs in some patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. The underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In this paper we describe three patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma in whom severe intrahepatic cholestasis of unknown pathogenesis developed. In two cases jaundice was the presenting symptom; all three patients died with intractable liver damage. The three patients were initially thought to have idiopathic Hodgkin's-associated cholestasis, but subsequent review of histological material revealed advanced vanishing bile duct syndrome in addition to severe cholestasis. Ten liver specimens were obtained from 4 to 97 wk after the onset of jaundice (seven needle biopsies, one wedge biopsy, two postmortem livers). In seven liver specimens taken within 30 wk of the onset of jaundice, portal tracts characteristically had a "burned-out" appearance without secondary periportal changes related to chronic cholestasis. Three biopsy specimens obtained from one of the patients more than 1 yr after the onset of jaundice showed evidence of progressive periportal damage in the form of fibrous expansion, marginal ductular proliferation and copper-associated protein deposition. More than 80% of small portal tracts lacked recognizable bile ducts in the final liver specimens obtained from the three patients. These observations suggest that Hodgkin's lymphoma should be included in the list of diseases associated with loss of intrahepatic bile ducts. The possibility of a vanishing bile duct syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained intrahepatic cholestasis in patients with Hodgkin's disease.
PARATYPHOID SEPTICEMIA IN MAN DUE TO SALMONELLA SUIPESTIFER
Authors: A. E. Hardison
Journal: JAMA (1941)

So far as is known, no case of septicemia due to Salmonella suipestifer has been reported previously in Tennessee. In 1927 Stewart and Litterer<sup>1</sup>reported a milk-borne epidemic of gastroenteritis at Dyersburg, Tenn., caused by this organism. It would appear that "food poisoning" cases of S. suipestifer are more frequent than other manifestations due to this organism. However, during the past few years several cases of continued fever caused by this organism have been reported in the United States. In 1932, Kuttner and Zepp<sup>2</sup>of the Johns Hopkins Hospital reported a series of 7 cases of S. suipestifer septicemia in children at Baltimore varying in age from 7 months to 6 years. Again in 1933 these authors<sup>3</sup>described 4 similar cases in persons from 5 weeks to 28 years of age, one of whom died. Several authors in this country and abroad have reported isolated cases of
Appropriateness of colonoscopy in Europe (EPAGE II) – Functional bowel disorders: pain, constipation and bloating
Authors: S. Schusselé Filliettaz, J.-J. Gonvers, I. Peytremann-Bridevaux, C. Arditi, M. Delvaux, M. Numans, V. Lorenzo-Zúñiga, R. Dubois, P. Juillerat, B. Burnand, V. Pittet, J.-P. Vader, F. Froehlich
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de “Retour vers le futur: EPAGE II” (6 articles), pp. 200Endoscopy 2009; 41(03): 388-390DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306673
Trial of a new anti-myxovirus compound.
Authors: J E Stark
Journal: Thorax (1969)

JOHN WRIGHT This has been evolved with a modified pulse duplicator and the use of a hot film probe for measuring velocity, direction, and turbulence.Many of the commercially available mitral valve prostheses are being investigated for their flow characteristics.In addition, efficiency is being examined and some unusual findings point to the possibility of a hydraulic ram effect in the normal mitral valve that allows opening to commence before the end of ventricular systole.TRIAL OF A NEW ANTI-MYXOVIRUS COMPOUND J. E. STARK Two hundred and sixty-four male students
Life Span Extension via eIF4G Inhibition Is Mediated by Posttranscriptional Remodeling of Stress Response Gene Expression in C. elegans
Authors: Aric N. Rogers, Di Chen, Gawain McColl, Gregg Czerwieniec, Krysta Felkey, Bradford W. Gibson, Alan Hubbard, Simon Melov, Gordon J. Lithgow, Pankaj Kapahi
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
In vitro dynamic solubility test: influence of various parameters.
Authors: S Thélohan, A de Meringo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This article discusses the dissolution of mineral fibers in simulated physiological fluids (SPF), and the parameters that affect the solubility measurement in a dynamic test where an SPF runs through a cell containing fibers (Scholze and Conradt test). Solutions simulate either the extracellular fluid (pH 7.6) or the intracellular fluid (pH 4.5). The fibers have various chemical compositions and are either continuously drawn or processed as wool. The fiber solubility is determined by the amount of SiO2 (and occasionally other ions) released in the solution. Results are stated as percentage of the initial silica content released or as dissolution rate v in nm/day. The reproducibility of the test is higher with the less soluble fibers (10% solubility), than with highly soluble fibers (20% solubility). The influence of test parameters, including SPF, test duration, and surface area/volume (SA/V), has been studied. The pH and the inorganic buffer salts have a major influence: industrial glasswool composition is soluble at pH 7.6 but not at pH 4.5. The opposite is true for rock- (basalt) wool composition. For slightly soluble fibers, the dissolution rate v remains constant with time, whereas for highly soluble fibers, the dissolution rate decreases rapidly. The dissolution rates believed to occur are v1, initial dissolution rate, and v2, dissolution rate of the residual fibers. The SA of fibers varies with the mass of the fibers tested, or with the fiber diameter at equal mass. Volume, V, is the chosen flow rate. An increase in the SA/V ratio leads to a decrease in the dissolution rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Emotional Reactions to Long-Term Anticoagulation
Authors: Donald J. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your editorial (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:930 [Dec 7] 1964) referring to the recent study by Kravitz and Thomas in the<i>Archives of Internal Medicine</i>(<b>114</b>:663-668 [Nov] 1964) is a timely one and points up a problem connected with anticoagulant therapy that has probably not received the attention it deserves. In the course of caring for more than 100 patients receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy, I have been impressed with the relative lack of anxiety-producing tendencies of this form of treatment. All patients are carefully instructed regarding the possibility of hemorrhage while taking these drugs, and in general they have reacted to this possibility without anxiety or fear. The small percentage in whom hemorrhagic complications do develop tolerate this problem quite well emotionally, providing they have been prepared in advance on how to deal with the situation. Many patients develop the impression that it is only this medication that