tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy alone or with regional hyperthermia for localised high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised phase 3 multicentre study
Authors: Rolf D Issels, Lars H Lindner, Jaap Verweij, Peter Wust, Peter Reichardt, Baard-Christian Schem, Sultan Abdel-Rahman, Soeren Daugaard, Christoph Salat, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Zeljko Vujaskovic, Rüdiger Wessalowski, Karl-Walter Jauch, Hans Roland Dürr, Ferdinand Ploner, Andrea Baur-Melnyk, Ulrich Mansmann, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Jean-Yves Blay, Peter Hohenberger
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2010)
Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Depends on Lipoamide Dehydrogenase, a Member of Three Multienzyme Complexes
Authors: Aditya Venugopal, Ruslana Bryk, Shuangping Shi, Kyu Rhee, Poonam Rath, Dirk Schnappinger, Sabine Ehrt, Carl Nathan
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
gp100209–2M Peptide Immunization of Human Lymphocyte Antigen-A2+ Stage I-III Melanoma Patients Induces Significant Increase in Antigen-Specific Effector and Long-Term Memory CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Edwin B. Walker, Daniel Haley, William Miller, Kevin Floyd, Ketura P. Wisner, Nelson Sanjuan, Holden Maecker, Pedro Romero, Hong-Ming Hu, W. Gregory Alvord, John W. Smith, Bernard A. Fox, Walter J. Urba
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Thirty-five HLA-A2+ patients with completely resected stage I-III melanoma were vaccinated multiple times over 6 months with a modified melanoma peptide, gp100209–2M, emulsified in Montanide adjuvant. Direct ex vivo gp100209–2M tetramer analysis of pre- and postvaccine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated significant increases in the frequency of tetramer+ CD8+ T cells after immunization for 33 of 35 evaluable patients (median, 0.36%; range, 0.05–8.9%). Ex vivo IFN-γ cytokine flow cytometry analysis of postvaccine PBMCs after brief gp100209–2M in vitro activation showed that for all of the patients studied tetramer+ CD8+ T cells produced IFN-γ; however, some patients had significant numbers of tetramer+ IFN-γ− CD8+T cells suggesting functional anergy. Additionally, 8 day gp100209–2M in vitro stimulation (IVS) of pre- and postvaccine PBMCs resulted in significant expansion of tetramer+ CD8+ T cells from postvaccine cells for 34 patients, and these IVS tetramer+ CD8+ T cells were functionally responsive by IFN-γ cytokine flow cytometry analysis after restimulation with either native or modified gp100 peptide. However, correlated functional and phenotype analysis of IVS-expanded postvaccine CD8+ T cells demonstrated the proliferation of functionally anergic gp100209–2M- tetramer+ CD8+ T cells in several patients and also indicated interpatient variability of gp100209–2M stimulated T-cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis of cryopreserved postvaccine PBMCs from representative patients showed that the majority of tetramer+ CD8+ T cells (78.1 ± 4.2%) had either an “effector” (CD45 RA+/CCR7−) or an “effector-memory” phenotype (CD45RA−/CCR7−). Notably, analysis of PBMCs collected 12–24 months after vaccine therapy demonstrated the durable presence of gp100209–2M-specific memory CD8+ T cells with high proliferation potential. Overall, this report demonstrates that after vaccination with a MHC class I-restricted melanoma peptide, resected nonmetastatic melanoma patients can mount a significant antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune response with a functionally intact memory component. The data further support the combined use of tetramer binding and functional assays in correlated ex vivo and IVS settings as a standard for immunomonitoring of cancer vaccine patients.
Errors in the measurement of total lung capacity in chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: P D Pare, B J Wiggs, C A Coppin
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The standard plethysmographic method of measuring total lung capacity (TLC) has been reported to result in spuriously high estimates in patients with severe airway obstruction. The helium-dilution method is known to underestimate TLC in the same patients. To determine the magnitude of these possible errors we measured TLC by four methods in 20 patients with varying degrees of chronic obstructive lung disease and in 11 normal subjects. TLC was measured by (1) helium dilution (TLCHe); (2) a volume-displacement body plethysmograph, box volume being plotted against mouth pressure (TLCm); (3) the same body plethysmograph with volume plotted against pressure measured with an oesophageal balloon (TLCes); and (4) a radiological technique (TLCxr). In normal subjects there was no difference between TCLm (6.57 +/- 1.20) and TLCes (6.51 +/- 1.24). In the patients with chronic obstructive lung disease TLCm gave results significantly higher than those of any other method. If TLCes is taken as the closest estimate of true TLC, TLCm consistently overestimates and TLCHe underestimates TLC. There was no relationship between the degree of airway obstruction and (TLCm - TLCes) but there was between (TLCes - TLCHe) and severity of airway obstruction. We conclude that using mouth pressure in the plethysmographic measurement of TLC in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease results in consistent but slight overestimation of TLC.
Epidemiology of injuries in adventure racing athletes
Authors: S Fordham, G Garbutt, P Lopes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To assess the demographics and training characteristics of adventure racing athletes in the United Kingdom, the prevalence and anatomical distribution of hazardous encounter, and overuse injury in this population, and the effects these injuries have on training.A retrospective training and injury questionnaire for the previous 18 months was distributed to 300 adventure racing athletes at two national race meetings. The definition of an injury was "any musculoskeletal problem causing a stop in training for at least one day, reduction in training mileage, taking of medicine, or seeking of medical aid."The data were derived from the responses of 223 athletes. Advanced level athletes did 11 (4) sessions and 17 (8) hours of training a week (mean (SD)). An injury was reported in the previous 18 months by 73% of the respondents. The most common site of acute injury was the ankle (23%) and of chronic/overuse injury, the knee (30%), followed by the lower back, shin, and Achilles tendon (12% each). There were significant correlations (p<0.01) between the hours spent cycling per week and number of acute injuries, and between the number of days off per week and number of chronic/overuse injuries. Injuries resulted in an average of 23 days training cessation or reduction.Acute injuries were sustained mainly as a result of the nature of the terrain over which athletes train and compete. In overuse injuries lack of adequate rest days was a significant contributing factor. Only a small proportion of training time was spent developing flexibility and core stability.
Effect of BMI on Lifetime Risk for Diabetes in the U.S.
Authors: K.M.V. Narayan, James P. Boyle, Theodore J. Thompson, Edward W. Gregg, David F. Williamson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

At birth, the lifetime risk of developing diabetes is one in three, but lifetime risks across BMI categories are unknown. We estimated BMI-specific lifetime diabetes risk in the U.S. for age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific subgroups.National Health Interview Survey data (n = 780,694, 1997-2004) were used to estimate age-, race-, sex-, and BMI-specific prevalence and incidence of diabetes in 2004. U.S. Census Bureau age-, race-, and sex-specific population and mortality rate estimates for 2004 were combined with two previous studies of mortality to estimate diabetes- and BMI-specific mortality rates. These estimates were used in a Markov model to project lifetime risk of diagnosed diabetes by baseline age, race, sex, and BMI.Lifetime diabetes risk at 18 years of age increased from 7.6 to 70.3% between underweight and very obese men and from 12.2 to 74.4% for women. The lifetime risk difference was lower at older ages. At 65 years of age, compared with normal-weight male subjects, lifetime risk differences (percent) increased from 3.7 to 23.9 percentage points between overweight and very obese men and from 8.7 to 26.7 percentage points for women. The impact of BMI on diabetes duration also decreased with age.Overweight and especially obesity, particularly at younger ages, substantially increases lifetime risk of diagnosed diabetes, while their impact on diabetes risk, life expectancy, and diabetes duration diminishes with age.
Muscle Fiber Composition and Capillary Density in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Claus Højbjerg Gravholt, Birgit Nyholm, Bengt Saltin, Ole Schmitz, Jens Sandahl Christiansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To assess muscle fiber composition and capillary density in Turner syndrome, a condition linked with insulin resistance and increased frequency of type 2 diabetes, and link these findings with insulin sensitivity and physical fitness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 10 patients with Turner syndrome who were off hormone replacement therapy (aged 32.7 ± 8.9 years) and a control group of 14 normal women (aged 35.6 ± 9.3 years) were studied. None of the participants had diabetes or any family history of type 2 diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and a composite whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISIcomp). Physical fitness was assessed, and a muscle biopsy was obtained. RESULTS—Women with Turner syndrome were insulin resistant, as seen by a lower ISIcomp (P = 0.003) and increased glucose (P &amp;lt; 0.0005) and insulin (P = 0.01) levels at 120 min. Impaired glucose tolerance was present in most Turner syndrome patients (6 of 10), but not in the control subjects. Women with Turner syndrome had an increased size of type IIa fibers (P = 0.01), whereas the size of their type I and IIa fibers were comparable with the control group. The groups did not differ in percentage of type I, Iia, or IIx fibers, and there was no difference in the capillary density. Significant correlations were found among ISIcomp, the HOMA index (RHOMA), and the mean area of type IIa fibers (ISIcomp: r = −0.632, P = 0.002; RHOMA: r = 0.570, P = 0.006). Furthermore, capillaries/type IIa fibers correlated significantly with ISIcomp (r = −0.618, P = 0.01). There were no significant correlations between Vo2max and muscle fiber composition. CONCLUSIONS—Healthy women with Turner syndrome are characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, low physical capacity, and enlarged type IIa muscle fibers, indicating diminished oxygen and substrate supply for metabolic processes. These findings could be indicative of a prediabetic state.
Functional MRI of Language: New Approaches to Understanding the Cortical Organization of Semantic Processing
Authors: Susan Bookheimer
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2002)

▪ Abstract Until recently, our understanding of how language is organized in the brain depended on analysis of behavioral deficits in patients with fortuitously placed lesions. The availability of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for in vivo analysis of the normal brain has revolutionized the study of language. This review discusses three lines of fMRI research into how the semantic system is organized in the adult brain. These are (a) the role of the left inferior frontal lobe in semantic processing and dissociations from other frontal lobe language functions, (b) the organization of categories of objects and concepts in the temporal lobe, and (c) the role of the right hemisphere in comprehending contextual and figurative meaning. Together, these lines of research broaden our understanding of how the brain stores, retrieves, and makes sense of semantic information, and they challenge some commonly held notions of functional modularity in the language system.
Progress Toward Clinical Application of the Nitric Oxide–Releasing Diazeniumdiolates
Authors: Larry K. Keefer
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2003)

Diazeniumdiolates, compounds of structure R(1)R(2)NN(O)=NOR(3), which have also been called NONOates, have proven useful for treating an increasing diversity of medical disorders in relevant animal models. Here, I review the chemical features that make them such excellent starting points for designing materials capable of targeting reliable and controllable fluxes of bioactive NO for in vitro and in vivo applications. This is followed by a consideration of recent proof-of-concept studies that underscore what I believe to be the substantial clinical promise of such materials. Examples covered include progress toward inhibiting restenosis after angioplasty, preparing thromboresistant medical devices, reversing vasospasm, and relieving pulmonary hypertension. Together with a very recent report describing the beneficial effects of diazeniumdiolate therapy in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome, the results of the animal experiments support the prediction that a broad selection of problems in clinical medicine can be solved by judiciously mining the enormous variety of possible R(1)R(2)NN(O)=NOR(3) structures.
Short‐ or long‐term high‐fat diet feeding plus acute ethanol binge synergistically induce acute liver injury in mice: An important role for CXCL1
Authors: Binxia Chang, Ming‐Jiang Xu, Zhou Zhou, Yan Cai, Man Li, Wei Wang, Dechun Feng, Adeline Bertola, Hua Wang, George Kunos, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Obesity and alcohol consumption often coexist and work synergistically to promote steatohepatitis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that feeding mice a high‐fat diet (HFD) for as little as 3 days markedly exacerbated acute ethanol binge–induced liver neutrophil infiltration and injury. Feeding mice with an HFD for 3 months plus a single binge of ethanol induced much more severe steatohepatitis. Moreover, 3‐day or 3‐month HFD‐plus‐ethanol binge (3d‐HFD+ethanol or 3m‐HFD+ethanol) treatment markedly up‐regulated the hepatic expression of several chemokines, including chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 ( Cxcl1 ), which showed the highest fold (approximately 20‐fold and 35‐fold, respectively) induction. Serum CXCL1 protein levels were also markedly elevated after the HFD+ethanol treatment. Blockade of CXCL1 with a CXCL1 neutralizing antibody or genetic deletion of the Cxcl1 gene reduced the HFD+ethanol‐induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and injury, whereas overexpression of Cxcl1 exacerbated steatohepatitis in HFD‐fed mice. Furthermore, expression of Cxcl1 messenger RNA was up‐regulated in hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells isolated from HFD+ethanol‐fed mice compared to mice that were only given the HFD, with the highest fold induction observed in hepatocytes. In vitro stimulation of hepatocytes with palmitic acid up‐regulated the expression of Cxcl1 messenger RNA, and this up‐regulation was attenuated after treatment with an inhibitor of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, or nuclear factor κB. In addition, hepatic or serum levels of free fatty acids were higher in HFD+ethanol‐fed mice than in the control groups. Conclusion : An HFD combined with acute ethanol consumption synergistically induces acute liver inflammation and injury through the elevation of hepatic or serum free fatty acids and subsequent up‐regulation of hepatic CXCL1 expression and promotion of hepatic neutrophil infiltration. (H epatology 2015;62:1070‐1085)
What is the relationship between groin pain in athletes and femoroacetabular impingement?
Authors: M Ferguson, J Patricios
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Groin symptoms in athletes have been likened to the Bermuda Triangle as sports physicians, orthopaedists, surgeons and therapists alike are easily sucked into a sea of confusing suppositions and assump-tions. 1Possibly the greatest advance in the understanding and appreciation of 'sports hernia' has been the recent acknowledgment by a multidisciplinary panel of experts that there is in fact no hernia associated with the condition and they have coined the term 'inguinal disruption'. 2nfortunately, although the authors describe a constellation of symptoms, the label again suggests a localised pathology rather than a syndrome .
THE RELATIONSHIP OF YELLOW FEVER OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE TO THAT OF AFRICA AND TO LEPTOSPIRAL JAUNDICE
Authors: W. A. Sawyer, S. F. Kitchen, Martin Frobisher, Wray Lloyd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. The yellow fever now in South America, the present yellow fever of Africa and the historic yellow fever of Panama and other American countries are the same disease. This conclusion is based on cross immunity tests in monkeys with strains of yellow fever virus from Africa and Brazil and on tests of sera from 25 persons, who had recovered from yellow fever in various places and at various times, for the power to protect monkeys against African or Brazilian virus strains. 2. Cases of leptospiral jaundice (Weil's disease) were present among those diagnosed as yellow fever in the recent epidemic in Rio de Janeiro. This is shown by the isolation of cultures of leptospirae from the blood of two patients by H. R. Muller and E. B. Tilden of The Rockefeller Institute, and by the demonstration by us of protective power against leptospirae and absence of protective power against yellow fever virus in the sera from two persons after recovery. The isolation of leptospirae by Noguchi and other investigators from the blood of occasional patients in past epidemics of yellow fever in a number of American countries indicates that leptospiral jaundice was present then as well and was diagnosed clinically as yellow fever. 3. The absence of protective power against leptospirae shown by the Brazilian sera which protected against yellow fever virus and the absence of protective power against yellow fever virus in the sera that protected against leptospirae point to the probability that American yellow fever is not the combined effect of leptospirae and yellow fever virus. The position of L. icteroides, isolated by Noguchi during yellow fever epidemics, now appears to be not that of a secondary invading microorganism in cases of virus yellow fever, but that of the incitant of a form of infectious jaundice, sometimes fatal, often coincident in its appearance with typical yellow fever and apparently indistinguishable from it clinically. This leptospiral disease has not hitherto been separated from true yellow fever. Noguchi's discoveries become; therefore, of the greatest significance in respect to the epidemiology and causation of yellow fever and of infectious jaundice, previously confused one with the other. In all outbreaks of supposed yellow fever hereafter the existence of the two kinds of jaundice, one due to yellow fever virus and the other to leptospirae will have to be taken into account. Only the former probably is spread by mosquitoes and requires anti-mosquito measures for its control. 4. The only difference observed by us between the American and African strains of yellow fever virus was a pronounced difference in virulence for monkeys. The virulence of the two African strains studied was very high while that of the one American strain was highly variable and usually low.
Differential Structure of Atrial and Ventricular K <sub>ATP</sub>
Authors: Thomas P. Flagg, Harley T. Kurata, Ricard Masia, George Caputa, Mark A. Magnuson, David J. Lefer, William A. Coetzee, Colin G. Nichols
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

The isoform-specific structure of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel endows it with differential fundamental properties, including physiological activation and pharmacology. Numerous studies have convincingly demonstrated that the pore-forming Kir6.2 ( KCNJ11 ) and regulatory SUR2A ( ABCC9 ) subunits are essential elements of the sarcolemmal K ATP channel in cardiac ventricular myocytes. Using a novel antibody directed against the COOH terminus of SUR1 ( ABCC8 ), we show that this K ATP subunit is also expressed in mouse myocardium and is the dominant SUR isoform in the atrium. This suggests differential sarcolemmal K ATP composition in atria and ventricles, and, to test this, K ATP currents were measured in isolated atrial and ventricular myocytes from wild-type and SUR1 −/− animals. K ATP conductance is essentially abolished in SUR1 −/− atrial myocytes but is normal in SUR1 −/− ventricular myocytes. Furthermore, pharmacological properties of wild-type atrial K ATP match closely the properties of heterologously expressed SUR1/Kir6.2 channels, whereas ventricular K ATP properties match those of heterologously expressed SUR2A/Kir6.2 channels. Collectively, the data demonstrate a previously unappreciated K ATP channel heterogeneity: SUR1 is an essential component of atrial, but not ventricular, K ATP channels. Differential molecular make-up of the 2 channels underlies differential pharmacology, with important implications when considering sulfonylurea therapy or dissecting the role of cardiac K ATP pharmacologically, as well as for understanding of the role of diazoxide in preconditioning.
Do respiratory symptoms predict job choices in teenagers?
Authors: K. Radon, S. Huemmer, H. Dressel, D. Windstetter, G. Weinmayr, S. Weiland, E. Riu, C. Vogelberg, W. Leupold, E. von Mutius, M. Goldberg, D. Nowak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Existing guidelines advise adolescents with asthma and allergies against high-risk occupations. The aim of the current authors' analyses was to investigate the resulting self-selection in a prospective cohort study. The participants of Phase II of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood in Germany (aged 9–11 yrs at baseline) were re-contacted after 7 yrs (response rate was 77%) and were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included items on atopic diseases. The subjects were also asked about the type of job they would like to have in the future (preferred job choice). Exposure to agents with potential asthma risk was evaluated using a job exposure matrix. The analyses were restricted to those in school-based vocational training programmes without occupational exposures. A total of 33% of subjects chose jobs with high asthma risk, 23% selected low asthma risk jobs and the remaining adolescents indicated jobs without known asthma risk (reference category). There were no statistically significant associations between asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis and selecting jobs with asthma risk. Participants with allergic rhinitis tended to select high risk jobs less frequently. In conclusion, self-selection into low risk jobs seems to play a minor role in teenagers with asthma or allergies.
Shear stress and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels
Authors: E VANBAVEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Journal Article Shear stress and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels Get access Ed van Bavel Ed van Bavel * Department of Medical Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands *Tel.: +31-20-5665203; fax: +31-20-6917233. Email address: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 60, Issue 3, December 2003, Pages 457–459, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.10.005 Published: 01 December 2003 Article history Received: 29 September 2003 Accepted: 06 October 2003 Published: 01 December 2003