tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in mesothelial cells. Cellular differentiation influences expression.
Authors: B C Marshall, A Santana, Q P Xu, M J Petersen, E J Campbell, J R Hoidal, H G Welgus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Mesothelial cells play a critical role in the remodeling process that follows serosal injury. Although mesothelial cells are known to synthesize a variety of extracellular matrix components including types I, III, and IV collagens, their potential to participate in matrix degradation has not been explored. We now report that human pleural and peritoneal mesothelial cells express interstitial collagenase, 72- and 92-kD gelatinases (type IV collagenases), and the counterregulatory tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). Our initial characterization of the mesothelial cell metalloenzymes and TIMP has revealed: (a) they are likely identical to corresponding molecules secreted by other human cells; (b) they are secreted rather than stored in an intracellular pool; (c) a primary site of regulation occurs at a pretranslational level; (d) phorbol myristate acetate, via activation of protein kinase C, upregulates expression of collagenase, 92-kD gelatinase, and TIMP, but has no effect on expression of 72-kD gelatinase; and (e) lipopolysaccharide fails to upregulate the biosynthesis of either metalloproteinases or TIMP. Of particular interest is the observation that the state of cellular differentiation has a striking influence on the expression of metalloenzymes and TIMP, such that epitheloid cells display a more matrix-degradative phenotype (increased 92-kD gelatinase and decreased TIMP) than their fibroblastoid counterparts. We speculate that mesothelial cells directly participate in the extracellular matrix turnover that follows serosal injury via elaboration of metalloproteinases and TIMP. Additionally, the reactive cuboidal mesothelium which is characteristic of the early response to serosal injury may manifest a matrix-degenerative phenotype favoring normal repair rather than fibrosis.
Patient-Doctor Agreement About Problems Needing Follow-up Visit
Authors: Barbara Starfield, Donald Steinwachs, Ira Morris, George Bause, Stephen Siebert, Craig Westin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In this study in an urban prepaid group practice, patients and practitioners agreed less than half the time as to what problems required follow-up at a subsequent visit. Problems that were mentioned by both practitioner and patient were much more likely to be followed up subsequently by the practitioner than problems initially mentioned only by the practitioner or only by the patient. Patients reported much more improvement of problems at follow-up when both practitioner and patient mentioned the problem as requiring follow-up than when they had been mentioned only by the patient. The involvement of patients in the process of care may be augmented by a variety of mechanisms. We believe greater patient participation in the processes of care should result in better follow-up of problems and better results, at least as perceived by patients. (<i>JAMA</i>242:344-346, 1979)
Folate status, homocysteine metabolism, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase genotype in rural south african blacks with a history of pregnancy complicated by neural tube defects
Authors: Johan B. Ubbink, Arnold Christianson, Megan J. Bester, Margot I. Van Allen, Philip A. Venter, Rhena Delport, Henk J. Blom, Annatjie van der Merwe, Hendrik Potgieter, W.J. Hayward Vermaak
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Identification of a novel class of dithiolethiones that prevent hepatic insulin resistance via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 pathway
Authors: Eun Ju Bae, Yoon Mee Yang, Jin Wan Kim, Sang Geon Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Several established liver diseases of various causes are highly associated with hepatic insulin resistance, which is characterized by the desensitization of target cells to insulin. Peripheral insulin resistance is observed in most patients who have cirrhosis. Conversely, insulin-resistant diabetic patients are at increased risk for developing liver disease. Current therapeutic interventions in insulin resistance are limited and therefore likely to be advanced by new tailor-made drugs. Oltipraz, a prototype dithiolthione, inhibits transforming growth factor β1 and has the ability to regenerate cirrhotic liver. We investigated the effects of oltipraz and synthetic dithiolthiones on hepatic insulin resistance and the molecular basis of action. Oltipraz and other dithiolethione compounds were tested on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)–induced insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo via immunoblotting, plasmid transfection, kinase analysis, and functional assays. Oltipraz treatment inhibited the ability of TNF-α to activate p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (S6K1) downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin, thus preventing insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation and protecting insulin signals. Moreover, oltipraz activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), whose inhibition by a dominant negative mutant abolished S6K1 inhibition and protected insulin signaling, indicating that AMPK activation leads to S6K1 inhibition. In hepatocyte-derived cell lines, oltipraz inhibited glucose production. Oltipraz prevented hepatic insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice challenged with endotoxin (or TNF-α), leptin-deficient mice, and mice fed a high-fat diet. Synthetic dithiolethiones comparably inhibited insulin resistance. Conclusion: Our findings led to the identification of dithiolethione compounds that prevent insulin resistance through a mechanism involving AMPK-mediated S6K1 inhibition and thereby sensitize hepatic insulin response. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Lords criticises slow progress in tackling drug resistant bugs
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

GPs have made “tangible” progress in reducing the use of antibiotics in the past three years, but there is still a long way to go in tackling drug resistant “superbugs” such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), said a highly critical report from a House of Lords select committee.

The select committee on science and technology, chaired by Lord Winston, professor of fertility studies at Imperial College School of Medicine …
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL AN INDUSTRIAL HAZARD?
Authors: FREDERICK B. FLINN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In 1923, the attention of the United States Radium Corporation was called to the possible existence of an industrial hazard in its plant at Orange, N. J., by the statements of a dentist, who suggested that the condition of one of his patients might be due to previous industrial exposure there. During the last four years, there have been five deaths among former employees of this plant who had been engaged in painting the dials of instruments with luminous paint. Pathologic observations in these cases, and in those of one or two other employees of the company, call for an explanation as to their causes. The pathologic conditions consisted of a necrosis of the jaw, which had been observed to follow the removal of a tooth or dental intervention of some other kind, accompanied by severe anemia terminating in death. After such dental intervention, there developed a very rapid form
No Ethical or Legal Imperative to Provide Life Support to a Permanently Unaware Patient
Authors: Norman L. Cantor
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

In their commentary on the Golubchuk case, Jotkowitz, Glick, and Zivotofsky (2010) condemn the 2008 guidelines of the Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons that permit physicians to withdraw ...
153 The predictive value of non-invasive diagnostic tools to detect HCC or pre-malignant dysplastic nodules in patients with advanced cirrhosis and a hepatic mass
Authors: M. Sorour, F. Nevens, C. Verslype, L. Libbrecht, D. Vanbeckevoort, D. Billen, R. Aerts, J. Fevery, T. Roskams, J. Pirenne
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Abstract 4781: EGFR peptide-specific T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Patrick J. Schuler, Petra Boekers, Rainer Engers, Christian Arsov, Jens Greve, Stephan Lang, Henning Bier, Theresa L. Whiteside, Thomas Hoffmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlates with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates. The cellular immune response to EGFR expression in vivo remains unclear. The frequency of T-cells specific for HLA-A2.1 restricted to EGFR derived YLN peptide (YLNTVQPTCV) and KLF peptide (KLFGTSGQKT) was determined by corresponding tetramer/pentamer analysis in 18 HLA-A2.1+ HNSCC patients and 18 healthy HLA-A2.1+ individuals (NC). Patients’ results were correlated to EGFR expression obtained by immunohistochemistry in corresponding tumor sections. Proliferation and anti-tumor activity of peptide-specific T-cells was demonstrated by in vitro stimulation (IVS) with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with the HLA-A2.1-restricted peptides. For both EGFR peptides the average frequency of specific CD8+ T-cells (0.017% and 0.014%) was not significantly increased in the circulation of HNSCC patients compared to NC (0.019% and 0.014%). A large variability in the frequency of peptide-specific CD8+ T-cells was found in HNSCC patients (0.002 - 0.076%) and NC (0.002-0.134%). All (18/18) tumors showed EGFR expression. IVS with peptide-pulsed DC resulted in the expansion of EGFR-specific CD8+ T-cells, which were reactive against the EGFR+ cell line UD-SCC 8 in IFN-γ ELISPOT. T-cell expansion was significantly greater for the KLF-peptide than the YLN-peptide. While EGFR peptide-specific T-cells were present in the circulation of HNSCC patients, their mean frequency was not increased to that in NC. Patients showed variable frequencies of peptide-specific T-cells. These T-cells were responsive in vitro to stimulation with the relevant EGFR peptides (YLN and KLF) and recognized EGFR+ tumor cells. Strategies for expansion of EGFR peptide-specific CTL may be important for future immunotherapy of HNSCC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4781.
254 CHARACTERIZATION OF CD133-POSITIVE RADIORESISTANT CELLS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: S.K. Yoon, L.S. Piao, W. Hur, J.D. Kim, J.M. Yang, S.W. Choi, N.I. Han, C.D. Lee, Y.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Limitations of lactate production as an index of myocardial ischemia.
Authors: C S Apstein, F Gravino, W B Hood
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The relationship between myocardial lactate production and the severity and duration of ischemia was studied in globally ischemic, isolated rat and rabbit hearts.In both species, the rate of lactate production was not constant, despite a constant degree of ischemia; the coronary venous lactate concentration reached a peak value 10-15 minutes after the onset of ischemia and then decreased by 40-50% during 15-60 minutes of subsequent ischemia.The rate of lactate production in moles/min (concentration X flow rate) was decreased during more severe degrees of ischemia, despite an increase in venous lactate concentration.Max- imum lactate production occurred with mild-to-moderate ischemia; during severe ischemia, lactate production was reduced 88% in the rat and 71% in the rabbit myocardium.A model of regional ischemia was constructed using the rates of lactate production determined in the globally ischemic, isolated hearts.Even under ideal conditions of a "steady-state" degree of ischemia and optimal placement of the coronary sinus sampling catheter, calculated changes in the coronary sinus lactate level did not show a constant or directionally similar relationship to modeled changes in the ischemic condition.Our results indicate that indices of lactate metabolism may not reliably measure sequential changes in the amount or degree of ischemia.MYOCARDIAL LACTATE METABOLISM is widely used to assess the adequacy of tissue oxygenation.The aerobic myocardium extracts lactate from the arterial blood; myocardial lactate production is evidence of myocardial hypoxia.' 3 Recently, the use of lactate metabolism as an index of ischemia has ex- panded and the amount of myocardial lactate production has been used as a quantitative estimate of the relative severity of ischemia.Changes in lactate production have been used to assess treatment of angina and coronary artery disease,41-0 myocardial in- farction,"' 12 cardiogenic shock,'3' 1 ' coronary artery surgery'5-17 and physiologic maneuvers in patients and animals with myocardial ischemia.'8' 19though net myocardial lactate production in- dicates the qualitative presence of tissue hypoxia, a quantitative relationship between the relative severity of ischemia, and/or the size of an ischemic region of a ventricle, and the amount of lactate production, has not been defined.During experimental ischemia, glycolysis was inhibited by the increase in tissue lac- tate that occurred,20 21 suggesting an inverse relationship between the severity of ischemia and the amount
The dynamic and static elastic response of the abdominal aorta of the dog
Authors: D. L. NEWMAN, N. L. R. BOWDEN, R. G. GOSLING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

The dynamic and static elastic response of the abdominal aorta was studied in beagle dogs of similar age and weight. The dynamic response was measured in situ by means of an optical transmission wedge resting on the exposed vessel to record the pulsatile changes in wall displacement and the pressure pulse recorded at the same site via a hypodermic needle. The static response was recorded (1) in situ by observing the change in radius which occurred with a change in the mean blood pressure, (2) post mortem using both transmission wedge and radiographic techniques. The change in radius (ΔR) for a change in pressure (ΔP=20 mm Hg [2.67 kPa]) was calculated for both the dynamic and static cases. It was found that the aorta was stiffer for the dynamic case, the extent of the stiffening being dependent on the mean pressure. At pressures less than 80 mm Hg (10.64 kPa) the dynamic/static ΔR ratio was 1.8, decreasing to 1.1 at 160 mm Hg (21.28 kPa). This behaviour is interpreted in terms of smooth muscle relaxation and the subsequent transference of circumferential tension to collagen.
Tobacco Control Progress and Potential
Authors: Thomas R. Frieden
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The 1964 surgeon general’s report on the health harms of smoking “hit the country like a bombshell.”1 More than 40% of US adults smoked, and smoking was accepted and considered normal behavior. Today, the US adult smoking rate is around 18%2 and about half of Americans are protected from secondhand smoke in workplaces.3
ROUTINE METHOD OF DETECTING AND DIFFERENTIATING REDUCING AGENTS FOUND IN THE URINE.
Authors: W. G. DOERN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

1, ( 44•-1, 45-none, 46-1, 47-1, 48-none, 49-none, y 50-1, 51-none, 52-1.Of the total 127, 18 were free from the disease; it was marked in 36, medium in »27, slight in 46.The percentage of those free was 14.1, marked 28.3, medium 21.2, slight 36.2 per cent.^It will be noted that the largest number of cases of the disease occurred between the ages of 21 and 30, a period f of life at a constructive stage when the disease should k not be present.The men over 40 were nearly all officers Avho took better care of their mouths.It must also be ynoted that these men lived most of the time in the open air.In the American Army mostly young men are en- > listed.It is obvious that the effect of climate and food
Malignant hypertension and cigarette smoking.
Authors: C A Bloxham, D G Beevers, J M Walker
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The smoking habits of 48 patients with malignant hypertension were compared with those of 92 consecutive patients with non-malignant hypertension. Thirty-three of the patients with malignant and 34 of the patients with non-malignant hypertension were smokers when first diagnosed. This difference was significant, and remained so when only men or black and white patients were considered separately. Results suggest that malignant hypertension is yet another disease related to cigarette smoking.
Rites of Spring-Olympic Offerings (Recto)
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Costs and cost-effectiveness of different follow-up schedules for detection of occupational hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: S Deuffic-Burban, D Abiteboul, F Lot, M Branger, E Bouvet, Y Yazdanpanah
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> The purpose of this study was to compare the costs and cost-effectiveness (C/E) of early hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA testing (alternative-US recommendations) after occupational exposure to HCV with existing follow-up strategies: (1) French, anti-HCV antibodies and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity at months 1, 3 and 6; (2) European, monthly ALT activity for 4 months and anti-HCV antibodies at month 6; (3) and baseline-US, anti-HCV antibodies and ALT activity at month 6. <h3>Methods:</h3> A decision tree simulated each strategy for 7300 healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to HCV each year in France, taking into account the impact of early diagnosis on the response to antiviral treatment and the deterioration of HCW quality of life after exposure. <h3>Results:</h3> For a HCV transmission risk of 0.5% after exposure, the French strategy led to the highest costs/person (€181.40) and the baseline-US strategy to the lowest (€126.60) (€178.50) for alternative-US). The shortest mean time to HCV infection diagnosis (1 month) and the lowest number of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients (1.9/7300 HCWs exposed) was obtained with the alternative-US strategy (vs 6 months and 7.9 CHC, respectively with baseline-US). Compared with the alternative-US, the French strategy was associated with higher costs and lower utilities, and the European with a higher incremental C/E ratio. Compared with the baseline-US strategy, the alternative-US strategy C/E ratio was €2020 per quality-adjusted life year saved. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> In HCWs exposed to HCV, a strategy based on early HCV RNA testing shortens the period during which the HCW’s wait for his HCV status, leads to lower risk of progression to CHC and is reasonably cost-effective.
Health‐related quality of life in nonsplenectomized immune thrombocytopenia patients receiving romiplostim or medical standard of care
Authors: David J. Kuter, Susan D. Mathias, Mathias Rummel, Romeo Mandanas, Aristoteles A. Giagounidis, Xuena Wang, Robert R. Deuson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by platelet destruction and insufficient platelet production. The resulting thrombocytopenia reduces patient health-related quality of life (HRQOL). In a randomized, open-label, 52-week study of non-splenectomized ITP patients treated with romiplostim or medical standard of care (SOC), patients completed the 10-scale ITP-patient assessment questionnaire (PAQ) at the start of the study and after 12, 24, 36, 48,and 52 weeks of treatment. HRQOL changes were examined for all patients in both treatment groups and by responder status, splenectomy status, and after the use of rituximab. Patients in both groups showed marked increases in all HRQOL scales over 52 weeks of treatment.These change scores exceeded the minimally important difference values (a measure of clinical relevance) for most of these scales,especially in responders to treatment. Compared with baseline,patients receiving romiplostim showed statistically significant improvements compared to SOC over 52 weeks for the ITP-PAQ scales of Symptoms, Bother, Activity, Psychological Health, Fear, Overall QOL,and Social QOL. Overall, treatment of ITP was associated with improvement in HRQOL. Patients receiving romiplostim had greater HRQOL improvements than those receiving SOC, but the magnitude ofthe difference is of uncertain clinical benefit.
Increased epinephrine and skeletal muscle responses to hypoglycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: H Shamoon, S Friedman, C Canton, L Zacharowicz, M Hu, L Rossetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We evaluated skeletal muscle counterregulation during hypoglycemia in nine subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (HbA1c 9.4 +/- 0.5%, nl < 6.2%) compared with six normal controls, matched for age (51 +/- 3 and 49 +/- 5 yr, respectively) and body mass index (27.3 +/- 1.2 and 27.0 +/- 2.1 kg/m2). After 60 min of euglycemia (plasma insulin approximately 140 microU/ml), plasma glucose was lowered to 62 +/- 2 mg/dl by 120 min. Hypoglycemia induced a 2.2-fold greater increase in plasma epinephrine in NIDDM (P < 0.001), while the plasma glucagon response was blunted (P < 0.01). Hepatic glucose output ([3H-3]glucose) suppressed similarly during euglycemia, but during hypoglycemia was greater in NIDDM (P < 0.005). Conversely, glucose uptake during euglycemia was 150% greater in controls (P < 0.01) and remained persistently higher than in NIDDM during hypoglycemia. In NIDDM, plasma FFA concentrations were approximately fivefold greater (P < 0.001), and plasma lactate levels were approximately 40% higher than in controls during hypoglycemia (P < 0.01); the rates of glycolysis from plasma glucose were similar in the two groups despite a 49% lower rate of glucose uptake in NIDDM (3.4 +/- 0.9 vs. 6.9 +/- 1.3 mg/kg per minute, P < 0.001). Muscle glycogen synthase activity fell by 42% with hypoglycemia (P < 0.01) in NIDDM but not in controls. In addition, glycogen phosphorylase was activated by 56% during hypoglycemia in NIDDM only (P < 0.01). Muscle glucose-6-phosphate concentrations rose during hypoglycemia by a twofold greater increment in NIDDM (P < 0.01). Thus, skeletal muscle participates in hypoglycemia counterregulation in NIDDM, directly by decreased removal of plasma glucose and, indirectly, by providing lactate for hepatic gluconeogenesis. Consequently, in addition to inherent insulin resistance in NIDDM, the enhanced plasma epinephrine response during hypoglycemia may partially offset impaired glucagon secretion and counteract the effects of hyperinsulinemia on liver, fat, and skeletal muscle.