tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MINIMUM STENT AREA IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF ANGIOGRAPHIC RESTENOSIS AFTER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN STEMI: A HORIZONS-AMI IVUS SUBSTUDY
Authors: So-Yeon Choi, Akiko Maehara, Gary S. Mintz, Alexandra J. Lansky, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giulio Guagliumi, Bruce Brodie, Mirle A. Kellett, Ovidiu Dressler, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ETIOLOGY AND PROGNOSIS OF ADENOIDS.
Authors: A. M. CORWIN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

To gather and set in orderly array the different states and conditions that have been observed and recorded as etiologic agents in the production of adenoid hypertrophy is not difficult, for the literature of the subject is extensive and at hand. Age, sex, heredity, scrofula, the lymphatic temperament, frequent colds, nasal deformities, acute infectious fevers, microbes, climate, and social condition are the chief factors that have been named. But after these have been elaborated and analyzed, we are still far from a satisfactory solution of the problem of ultimate causation in many cases. Why does it occur in one child and not in another under similar circumstances, perhaps in the same family. Why does it occur in several members of the same family, otherwise apparently healthy? What is the reason for its frequent congenital occurrence? These and other queries still clamor for solution. In the present instance we have but
Heterogeneity of gene expression in stromal fibroblasts of breast carcinomas and normal breast.
Authors: M Bauer, G Su, R He, WM Rehrauer, CM Kendziorski, TC Casper, W Jonat, A Friedl
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #105 Background: The cancer microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor development and progression. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) constitute a significant component of the tumor stroma and participate in reciprocal communication with the tumor cells. Information on differential gene expression specifically in stromal fibroblasts is sparse and data describing the variability of gene expression in CAF and normal fibroblasts (NF) is currently lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify genes differentially expressed in CAF and matched NF and to analyze the heterogeneity of gene expression profiles in the two cell types.&amp;#x2028; Materials and methods: Fibroblast cell cultures were established from 6 patients with primary invasive breast cancer. Gene expression profiles were generated using oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0). Differentially expressed genes were ranked using Empirical Bayes modeling. A cut-off value of 0.005 was chosen for the posterior probability of equivalent expression. Lists of overexpressed genes were generated after eliminating genes with less than two-fold overexpression.&amp;#x2028; Results: 17 genes were overexpressed in CAF compared to NF with known functions in paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and extracellular matrix production. Using the same posterior probability cut-off, we identified 7 genes which were expressed at least two-fold higher in NF than in CAF. These genes have purported roles in steroid hormone metabolism, transcription, migration and cell signaling. Using semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we confirmed the over- and underexpression of a subset of 10 differentially expressed genes. The heterogeneity of gene expression in CAF vs. NF was compared with F-tests to determine variances. The estimated probability of NF gene expression variance being higher than CAF gene expression variance was 0.547 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.543 to 0.551 (p&amp;lt;0.0001), indicating that gene expression is more variable in NF than in CAF. By ranking the q-values of individual genes we identified 3 known genes, which show a significant difference in variance between CAF and NF (p&amp;lt;0.05).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Altered gene expression in fibroblasts likely contributes to tumor growth and progression by enhancing ECM production, promoting stromal-epithelial paracrine signaling and altering steroid hormone metabolism. The inter-individual heterogeneity of gene expression in NF may indicate that the mammary stroma varies between individuals, supporting the hypothesis that the ability of the stroma to act as a barrier to cancer development and tumor progression may also be variable. Conversely, the heterogeneous gene expression in NF may be a reflection of a relative synchronization and uniformity of gene expression in CAF. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 105.
Food Litigation: Lessons From the Tobacco Wars
Authors: Richard A. Daynard, Lauren E. Hash, Anthony Robbins
Journal: JAMA (2002)

78% OF RESPONDENTS reported that their body weights were not a serious health concern. 1 Approximately one third of these respondents were obese, two thirds were overweight, and 15% of their children were overweight.This indifference is not appropriate.Obesity may soon replace smoking as the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.Obesity may be responsible for approximately 300000 US deaths per year, and, unlike smoking, the prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing. 2 Public health officials now refer to obesity as an epidemic.Unlike infectious diseases, obesity kills and disables by gradually increasing the risk for diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer.Recent studies estimate that obesity is more strongly associated with chronic medical conditions, and reduced health-related quality of life, than smoking, heavy drinking, or poverty. 3 Articles in this issue of MSJAMA emphasize the importance of societal change to address obesity.Tarayn Grizzard examines the undertreatment of obesity by American physicians.Susan Blumenthal, Jennifer Hendi, and Lauren Marsillo argue that a public health approach is required to address the myriad environmental and sociocultural factors contributing to obesity.Lawsuits have recently emerged to uncover and redress alleged food industry misconduct that may be contributing to the obesity problem.Richard Daynard, Lauren Hash, and Anthony Robbins discuss the future of this food litigation.The prevalence of obesity among children is also rapidly increasing and has been associated with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance. 2Robert Carter reviews the rationale and the results of school-based obesity interventions.Ellen Fried and Marion Nestle argue that soda consumption makes an important contribution to childhood obesity.They describe marketing practices designed to increase soda consumption among schoolchildren and discuss recent political initiatives to restrict these practices.The burden imposed by overweight and obesity on the United States is very high.The estimated total cost of overweight and obesity in 2000 is estimated to have been $117 billion, nearly 10% of the US health care expenditure. 2By contrast, the United Nations estimates that the yearly costs of HIV/AIDS prevention and care in Africa, Asia, and Latin America will be $9.7 billion by 2005. 4 Given the exorbitant costs of obesity, more effective interventions are urgently needed to decrease its prevalence.The fact that most Americans are overweight, yet are not concerned about the health importance of their own body weights, suggests that there remains much room for improvement.
Theory and Experiments on Schematized Models of Stenosis
Authors: H. C. BURGER, A. G. W. VAN BRUMMELEN, F. J. DANNENBURG
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

In this study the relation between flow and the difference of the pressures on the two sides of stenosis with sharp edges is investigated for constant and pulsatile flows. The applicability of the theory of Gorlin and Gorlin is complicated by a kind of hysteresis phenomenon in the case of pulsatile flows.
Delivering Enhanced Testosterone Replacement Therapy through Nanochannels
Authors: Silvia Ferrati, Eugenia Nicolov, Shyam Bansal, Erika Zabre, Thomas Geninatti, Arturas Ziemys, Lee Hudson, Mauro Ferrari, Randal Goodall, Mohit Khera, Ganesh Palapattu, Alessandro Grattoni
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Primary or secondary hypogonadism results in a range of signs and symptoms that compromise quality of life and requires life‐long testosterone replacement therapy. In this study, an implantable nanochannel system is investigated as an alternative delivery strategy for the long‐term sustained and constant release of testosterone. In vitro release tests are performed using a dissolution set up, with testosterone and testosterone:2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (TES:HPCD) 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio complexes release from the implantable nanochannel system and quantify by HPLC. 1:2 TES:HPCD complex stably achieve 10–15 times higher testosterone solubility with 25–30 times higher in vitro release. Bioactivity of delivered testosterone is verified by LNCaP/LUC cell luminescence. In vivo evaluation of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and multiplex assay is performed in castrated Sprague‐Dawley rats over 30 d. Animals are treated with the nanochannel implants or degradable testosterone pellets. The 1:2 TES:HPCD nanochannel implant exhibits sustained and clinically relevant in vivo release kinetics and attains physiologically stable plasma levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that by providing long‐term steady release 1:2 TES:HPCD nanochannel implants may represent a major breakthrough for the treatment of male hypogonadism.
Obesity harms a woman's chances of conception, study shows
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Evidence from nearly 10 000 cycles of egg donation treatment from one of Europe’s largest in vitro fertilisation (IVF) centres has shown that women who are overweight or obese are much less likely than those of a healthy weight to have a successful implantation and to give birth.

Guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence already advises women who are obese that losing weight is likely to increase their chance of conceiving.1

But Sue Avery, director of the assisted conception unit at Birmingham Women’s Healthcare NHS Trust, said that the research specifically looked at the issue of obesity and implantation. The more evidence there is about the risks associated with obesity, the stronger the message that …
Alcohol Use and Psychiatric Illness in Emergency Patients
Authors: Douglas A. Rund
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Screening for alcoholism and associated psychiatric disorders using preselected research criteria demonstrated an overall prevalence of alcoholism of 20% in 200 emergency department patients. The nighttime prevalence of alcoholism was 29%, while the daytime prevalence was 11%. The psychiatric disorders most frequently associated with alcoholism were primary affective disorder (depression) and antisocial personality. The alcoholics had chief complaints relating to trauma in 63% of the cases, vague neuropsychiatric complaints in 23% of the cases, and complaints directly related to alcohol in 8% of the cases. Screening for alcoholism and associated psychiatric illnesses is important in determining an overall treatment strategy for emergency patients.
Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone in Acromegaly
Authors: G. M. Besser, C. H. Mortimer, D. Carr, A. V. Schally, D. H. Coy, D. Evered, A. J. Kastin, W. M. G. Tunbridge, M. O. Thorner, R. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GHRIH) was administered by constant infusion over 75 minutes to eight acromegalic patients at different doses. 100 to 1,000 μg were equally effective in reducing circulating growth hormone (GH) levels; 25 μg lowered GH levels in only five patients, and at this dose the extent of the fall was smaller than from doses of 100 μg or more. 10 μg was ineffective. Injection of single doses of 500 μg by intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular routes caused only small and transient reductions in GH levels, though the effect was improved by injecting the hormone intramuscularly in 2 ml of 16% gelatin. Injection of a suspension of 4 mg GHRIH in 1 ml of arachis oil lowered growth hormone levels for between three and four hours. In four acromegalic patients an oral 50-g glucose tolerance test was performed during a continuous infusion of either saline or 1,000 μg GHRIH. The “paradoxical” rise in growth hormone seen in these patients during the saline infusion was suppressed by GHRIH. The blood glucose responses were, moreover, modified by GHRIH in that the peak was delayed and occurred at the end of the infusion in each case. A “normal” glucose tolerance curve was converted to a “diabetic” type of response in two patients. This effect could be accounted for by the inhibition of insulin secretion known to occur with large doses of GHRIH. We speculate that acromegaly may be primarily a hypothalmic disease due to deficiency of GHRIH resulting in excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary and adenoma formation due to inappropriate and prolonged stimulation of the pituitary.
Tacrine inhibits topoisomerases and DNA synthesis to cause mitochondrial DNA depletion and apoptosis in mouse liver
Authors: Abdellah Mansouri, Delphine Haouzi, Véronique Descatoire, Christine Demeilliers, Angela Sutton, Nathalie Vadrot, Bernard Fromenty, Gerard Feldmann, Dominique Pessayre, Alain Berson
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

After several weeks of treatment, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase in 50% of patients treated with tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. We looked for progressive effects on DNA to explain delayed toxicity. We first studied the in vitro effects of tacrine on DNA replication and topoisomerase-mediated DNA relaxation. We then treated mice with doses of tacrine reproducing the human daily dose on a body area basis and studied the effects of tacrine administration for up to 28 days on hepatic DNA, mitochondrial function, and cell death. In vitro, tacrine impaired DNA polymerase gamma-mediated DNA replication and also poisoned topoisomerases I and II to increase the relaxation of a supercoiled plasmid. In vivo, administration of tacrine markedly decreased incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine into mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), progressively and severely depleted mtDNA, and partly unwound supercoiled mtDNA into circular mtDNA. Incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine into nuclear DNA (nDNA) was barely decreased, and nDNA levels were unchanged. After 12 to 28 days of treatment, administration of tacrine increased p53, Bax, mitochondrial permeability transition, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase-3 activity and triggered hepatocyte apoptosis and/or necrosis. In conclusion, the intercalating drug tacrine poisons topoisomerases and impairs DNA synthesis. Tacrine has been shown to accumulate within mitochondria, and it particularly targets mtDNA. After several weeks of treatment, the combination of severe mtDNA depletion and a genotoxic stress enhancing p53, Bax, and permeability transition trigger hepatocyte necrosis and/or apoptosis.
Trends in Survival Rates After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Acute and Chronic Leukemia by Ethnicity in the United States and Canada
Authors: Derek S. Serna, Stephanie J. Lee, Mei-jie Zhang, K. Scott Baker, Mary Eapen, Mary M. Horowitz, John P. Klein, J. Douglas Rizzo, Fausto R. Loberiza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Differences in survival among ethnic groups in the United States are reported in numerous diseases and treatment strategies. Whether survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) differs by ethnicity is uncertain. Patients and Methods: Patients (n = 6,443) receiving HLA-identical sibling HSCT for acute or chronic leukemia in the United States or Canada between 1985 and 1999 and reported to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry were included. The survival of recipients reported as white, black, Hispanic, or Asian was compared using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for other clinical factors. Three 5-year periods were studied to evaluate changes over time. Results: Hispanics compared with whites had lower 1-year (53% v 65%; P &lt; .001) and 3-year adjusted survival rates (38% v 53%; P &lt; .001) between 1995 and 1999, the most recent period studied. We failed to find significant differences in survival rates comparing whites with blacks or with Asians in any of the time periods. Overall survival for the entire cohort improved over time, from 56% to 63% at 1 year and from 43% to 51% at 3 years, with greater improvements noted among blacks (45% to 61% at 1 year and 34% to 48% at 3 years). Conclusion: Disparities remain in survival rates between whites and Hispanics despite adjustment for clinical factors. Factors not accounted for in this analysis, such as comorbid disease, socioeconomic status, healthcare access and delivery, and psychosocial and cultural variables, require further prospective study.
Sequential changes in full-length genomes of hepatitis B virus accompanying acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yasuhiro Asahina, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Yuki Ogura, Masayuki Kurosaki, Ikuo Sakuma, Namiki Izumi, Fumiaki Marumo, Chifumi Sato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Steady-state generation of mucosal IgA+ plasmablasts is not abrogated by B-cell depletion therapy with rituximab
Authors: Henrik E. Mei, Daniela Frölich, Claudia Giesecke, Christoph Loddenkemper, Karin Reiter, Stefanie Schmidt, Eugen Feist, Capucine Daridon, Hans-Peter Tony, Andreas Radbruch, Thomas Dörner
Journal: Blood (2010)
Germline loss-of-function mutations in SPRED1 cause a neurofibromatosis 1–like phenotype
Authors: Hilde Brems, Magdalena Chmara, Mourad Sahbatou, Ellen Denayer, Koji Taniguchi, Reiko Kato, Riet Somers, Ludwine Messiaen, Sofie De Schepper, Jean-Pierre Fryns, Jan Cools, Peter Marynen, Gilles Thomas, Akihiko Yoshimura, Eric Legius
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Acetylation of Snail Modulates the Cytokinome of Cancer Cells to Enhance the Recruitment of Macrophages
Authors: Dennis Shin-Shian Hsu, Hsiao-Jung Wang, Shyh-Kuan Tai, Chun-Hung Chou, Chia-Hsin Hsieh, Po-Hsien Chiu, Nien-Jung Chen, Muh-Hwa Yang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Preventing HIV in Women — Still Trying to Find Their VOICE
Authors: Michael S. Saag
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The development and widespread use of potent antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV infection from a near-certain death sentence to a chronic manageable condition, whereby patients who adhere fully to their medication regimen can have an almost normal life span.1 Moreover, those who take their medications as prescribed generally do not transmit the virus to others.2 If we could identify all persons infected with HIV, get them into care, successfully initiate antiretroviral therapy, and achieve and sustain suppression of the virus to undetectable levels, all patients would in theory have a near-normal life span and not transmit the virus to others . . .
Mortality and Causes of Death in a National Sample of Diabetic Patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chin-Hsiao Tseng
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The comparison of the coding behaviors of death certificates for diabetic patients among physicians of different countries reported by Lu et al. (1) is interesting and provides some explanations for a lower proportion of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) coded as the underlying cause of death in Taiwanese diabetic patients (2). However, the data presented should be interpreted with caution in order to avoid overinterpretation.

Based on a lower coexistence of CVD and diabetes in death certificates with mention of diabetes, Lu et al. concluded that their results partially supported the first hypothesis of a less likely experience of …
Electron Microscopy of Virus Particles in Cell Cultures Inoculated with Passage Fluid From Human Laukaemic Bone-marrow
Authors: D. R. Inman, D. A. Woods, G. Negroni
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The results, so far, do not justify any conclusion regarding the relationship of these viruses to leukaemia itself.The frequency of the association is, however, remarkable.
Long term survival in HIV-1 infection
Authors: G W Rutherford
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Several recent cohort studies have documented that a proportion of people who have been infected with HIV-1 for 10 years or more remain not only free of AIDS but also free of symptoms.*RF 1-6* Studies of homosexual and bisexual men have found that about half remain free of AIDS 10 years after initially becoming infected,*RF 1-3,5* and one of these studies, the San Francisco City Clinic cohort study, has found that 8% of men infected for between 10 and 15 years remain clinically normal, with only minor immunological and haematological abnormalities.1 Similarly, studies of people infected parenterally through either blood transfusions or anti-haemophilic factors have shown that a substantial proportion remain free of AIDS, even in the oldest age groups, after prolonged HIV-1 infection.4,6

Epidemiologists are now modelling these cohort studies to look further into the future for these patients. In this week's journal Phillips and colleagues from the Royal Free Hospital, London, project 20 and 25 year survival free of AIDS in a large, well characterised cohort of haemophilic men (p 309).4 Using an end point of 50X106 CD4 lymphocytes/l, they project that 25% will remain free of AIDS 20 …