tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fine Structure of Myocardial Mitochondria in Rats after Exercise for One-Half to Two Hours
Authors: RUBÉN P. LAGUENS, CÉSAR L. GÓMEZ-DUMM
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Acute exercise (swimming in water at 24°C) provoked marked changes in the fine structure of the mitochondria of heart muscle in rats. At 60 min after the start of exercise, a large number of invaginations appeared in the mitochondrial wall, suggesting the existence of replication phenomena. In the interior of the invaginations, electron-dense granules considered to be ribosomes were seen. After 90 and 120 min of swimming, mitochondria of unusual size, measuring several sarcomeres in length, were seen. The enlarged mitochondria showed no structural alterations. The planimetric measurement of the micrographs of myocardium of the control animals and of those that exercised showed a statistically significant increase in the whole mitochondrial mass in the latter. One the basis of these observations it is suggested that acute exercise can produce an increase in the mitochondrial mass of the heart muscle cell in a short time.
Investigation of biomarkers for pulmonary carcinomatous lymphangitis in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Makoto Kawaishi, Mistuo Hashimoto, Haruhiko Yanagisawa, Taisuke Kazuyori, Naoki Takasaka, Yoko Yumino, Satoko Fujii, Jun Kojima, Takeo Ishikawa, Takanori Numata, Hiromichi Hara, Keisuke Saito, Jun Araya, Kastutoshi Nakayama, Kazuyoshi Kuwano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  It is a crucial issue to perform differential diagnosis on the newly emerging interstitial opacities with dyspnea in the advanced lung cancer patients during chemotherapy. Many possible causes of these image findings should be considerd, such as interstitial pneumonia including drug-induced, infections, and pulmonary carcinomatous lymphangitis (PCL). The treatments for these diseases are different from each other, but urgent matters.   Aim:  To establish biomarkers for PCL of lung cancer.   Method:  Serum samples are collected from the subjects, which includes patients with lung cancer with lymphangitis (Lym, n=7), with enlarged lymph nodes (LCN, n=4), without lymphangitis or enlarged lymph nodes (LC, n=7), interstitial pneumonia (IP, n=8), infectious pneumonia (Inf, n=8), and healthy volunteers (Cnt, n=13). We measured serum VEGFR3, VEGF-C, and Lyve-1, which are important receptors and a ligand for lymphangiogenesis, by ELISA. We also measured CRP, KL-6, and SP-D. Statistics were performed by ANOVA and post-hoc analysis.   Result:  Serum VEGF-C and Lyve-1 were not different among these groups. Serum VEGFR3 levels were higher in LCN and in Cnt compared with Lym. CRP levels were significantly increased in Inf than that in several other groups. KL-6 and SP-D levels were significantly increased in Lym and IP than other groups. However, any marker could not be useful for PCL by itself. KL-6/SP-D is significantly higher in Lym than that in the others.   Conclusion:  Although three molecules regarding to lymphangiogenesis were not useful for the diagnosis of PCL in patients with lung cancer, KL-6/SP-D may be a promising biomarker for PCL.
Non-response to antiviral therapy is associated with obesity and increased hepatic expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS-3) in patients with chronic hepatitis C, viral genotype 1
Authors: M J Walsh
Journal: Gut (2005)

Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) activated cellular signalling is negatively regulated by inhibitory factors, including the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family. The effects of host factors such as obesity on hepatic expression of these inhibitory factors in subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unknown.To assess the independent effects of obesity, insulin resistance, and steatosis on response to IFN-alpha therapy and to determine hepatic expression of factors inhibiting IFN-alpha signalling in obese and non-obese subjects with chronic HCV.A total of 145 subjects were analysed to determine host factors associated with non-response to antiviral therapy. Treatment comprised IFN-alpha or peginterferon alpha, either alone or in combination with ribavirin. In a separate cohort of 73 patients, real time-polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyse hepatic mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry for SOCS-3 was performed on liver biopsy samples from 38 patients with viral genotype 1 who had received antiviral treatment.Non-response (NR) to treatment occurred in 55% of patients with HCV genotypes 1 or 4 and 22% with genotypes 2 or 3. Factors independently associated with NR were viral genotype 1/4 (p < 0.001), cirrhosis on pretreatment biopsy (p = 0.025), and body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.010). Obese subjects with viral genotype 1 had increased hepatic mRNA expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (p = 0.01) and SOCS-3 (p = 0.047), in comparison with lean subjects. Following multivariate analysis, SOCS-3 mRNA expression remained independently associated with obesity (p = 0.023). SOCS-3 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in obesity (p = 0.013) and in non-responders compared with responders (p = 0.014).In patients with chronic HCV viral genotype 1, increased expression of factors that inhibit interferon signalling may be one mechanism by which obesity reduces the biological response to IFN-alpha.
BMI in relation to sperm count: an updated systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis
Authors: N. Sermondade, C. Faure, L. Fezeu, A. G. Shayeb, J. P. Bonde, T. K. Jensen, M. Van Wely, J. Cao, A. C. Martini, M. Eskandar, J. E. Chavarro, S. Koloszar, J. M. Twigt, C. H. Ramlau-Hansen, E. Borges, F. Lotti, R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen, B. Zorn, A. J. Polotsky, S. La Vignera, B. Eskenazi, K. Tremellen, E. V. Magnusdottir, I. Fejes, S. Hercberg, R. Levy, S. Czernichow
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2012)

BACKGROUND The global obesity epidemic has paralleled a decrease in semen quality. Yet, the association between obesity and sperm parameters remains controversial. The purpose of this report was to update the evidence on the association between BMI and sperm count through a systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic review of available literature (with no language restriction) was performed to investigate the impact of BMI on sperm count. Relevant studies published until June 2012 were identified from a Pubmed and EMBASE search. We also included unpublished data (n = 717 men) obtained from the Infertility Center of Bondy, France. Abstracts of relevant articles were examined and studies that could be included in this review were retrieved. Authors of relevant studies for the meta-analysis were contacted by email and asked to provide standardized data. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis, resulting in a sample of 13 077 men from the general population and attending fertility clinics. Data were stratified according to the total sperm count as normozoospermia, oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Standardized weighted mean differences in sperm concentration did not differ significantly across BMI categories. There was a J-shaped relationship between BMI categories and risk of oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Compared with men of normal weight, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for oligozoospermia or azoospermia was 1.15 (0.93-1.43) for underweight, 1.11 (1.01-1.21) for overweight, 1.28 (1.06-1.55) for obese and 2.04 (1.59-2.62) for morbidly obese men. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased prevalence of azoospermia or oligozoospermia. The main limitation of this report is that studied populations varied, with men recruited from both the general population and infertile couples. Whether weight normalization could improve sperm parameters should be evaluated further.
Contact Allergy to an Optical Whitener
Authors: J. McL. Philp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article Contact Allergy to an Optical Whitener Get access J. McL. Philp J. McL. Philp Research Division Unilever Limited Blackfriars, E.C.4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 5, 1 November 1971, Pages 495–496, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14065.x Published: 01 November 1971
Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Amy H C Wong
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndromeThis prospective, randomised controlled trial assessed the effect of early application of prone positioning in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Primary outcome was mortality at day 28.Inclusion criteria included endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation for ARDS for less than 36 h and severe ARDS (defined as PaO 2 ; FIO 2 ratio of <150 mm Hg, with an FIO 2 of ≥0.6; a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of ≥5 cm of water, and a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg of predicted body weight).Patients were initially stabilised for 12-24 h.In the prone group, patients were turned to the prone position within the 1st hour after randomisation and were placed in a completely prone position for at least 16 consecutive hours.Patients in the prone group had a significantly lower mortality rate at day 28 (16% vs 32.8%) and day 90 when compared with the supine group.Apart from a higher number of cardiac arrests in the supine group, there was no significant difference in other secondary outcomes.In the prone group, the PaO 2 ; FIO 2 ratio was significantly higher at days 3 and 5 and the PEEP and FIO 2 were significantly lower.It should be noted that pneumonia was the main cause of ARDS in both groups and there was significant difference in some baseline characteristics between the two groups including sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (higher in the supine group) and the use of vasopressors and neuromuscular blockers.After adjustment of these factors, mortality remained significantly lower in the prone group.Although it is known that prone positioning improves oxygenation and can prevent ventilator induced lung injury, previous trials did not demonstrate it improves patients' survival rates.This trial demonstrated that early and long application of prone positioning improved mortality in patients with severe ARDS.However, application of prone positioning can be technically difficult and requires a team of experienced staff; its application may be challenging in units where resources are limited.An area of future research could be long term outcomes such as cognitive and functional status of patients who received prone positioning post ICU discharge.
An Official American Thoracic Society Statement: Pulmonary Hypertension Phenotypes
Authors: Raed A. Dweik, Sharon Rounds, Serpil C. Erzurum, Stephen Archer, Karen Fagan, Paul M. Hassoun, Nicholas S. Hill, Marc Humbert, Steven M. Kawut, Michael Krowka, Evangelos Michelakis, Nicholas W. Morrell, Kurt Stenmark, Rubin M. Tuder, John Newman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<ContentsOverviewIntroduction and Rational...MethodsDefinitions and Approache...PhenotypesSummary and ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Effect of Isthmus Anatomy and Ablation Catheter on Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Cavotricuspid Isthmus
Authors: Antoine Da Costa, Emmanuel Faure, Jérôme Thévenin, Marc Messier, Samuel Bernard, Kihel Abdel, Christophe Robin, Cécile Romeyer, Karl Isaaz
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) characteristics are rarely documented when comparing catheters in radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of atrial flutter (AFL). Our objectives were (1) to evaluate the impact of CTI morphology and length on ablation procedures and (2) to compare the efficacy of an 8-mm-tip catheter with an irrigated cooled-tip RFA in the subgroup presumed to be more difficult to treat (with a long CTI, >35 mm).Over a period of 17 months, 185 patients accepted the protocol and underwent an isthmogram in preparation for RFA. Groups were classified according to CTI length and CTI morphology. RFA was performed with an 8-mm-tip catheter for patients with a short CTI, < or =35 mm (n=123), whereas randomization between an 8-mm-tip and a cooled-tip catheter applied to patients with a longer CTI, >35 mm (n=62). For long CTI, 32 patients were assigned to an 8-mm catheter and 30 patients to the cooled-tip RFA ablation group. In this subset, RF application (18.2+/-17 versus 19+/-13 minutes) and x-ray exposure (20.8+/-18 versus 18+/-13 minutes) did not differ between the 8-mm-tip and the cooled-tip procedures. Number of applications (9.9+/-11 versus 18.6+/-15 minutes; P<0.0001) and x-ray exposure (11.7+/-11 versus 19.5+/-16 minutes, P=0.0001) differed significantly between patients with short and long CTIs. Patients with short and straight CTIs required 3 times fewer RFA applications and shorter x-ray exposure compared with other CTI morphologies (pouch-like recesses and concave characteristics).The number of RF applications required for a complete isthmus block in long CTIs is not influenced by the choice between an 8-mm or cooled-tip catheter. Procedure parameters, however, are significantly influenced by CTI length and morphology. Pouch-like recesses and concave characteristics account for much longer ablation times at all CTI lengths.
Disease associations of the Ia-like human alloantigens. Contrasting patterns in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A Gibofsky, R J Winchester, M Patarroyo, M Fotino, H G Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Increasing evidence has been obtained of the special value of Ia-like B-cell alloantisera for demonstrating disease associations with histocompatibility antigens. This was particularly evident for the study of the immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), two conditions frequently considered related. The profiles of antigens recognized by the alloantisera in patients from each disease group was distinctive. Two types of alloantisera were obtained that illustrated the divergence between the twod iseases. One type showed a higher than normal incidence in RA but lower than normal in SLE; the other showed a higher incidence in SLE. While these sera were not totally defined, evidence was obtained that the SLE-reactive alloantiserum related to two alleles of the major histocompatibility complex DRw2 and DRw3, while the RA-reactive alloantiserum related to a common specificity shared by cells positive for either DRw4, DRw7, or DRw10. The data indicate that immunogenetic factors are relevant to the development of both RA and SLE, but that these are distinct for each disease.
First Evidence That Bone Marrow Cells Contribute to the Construction of Tissue-Engineered Vascular Autografts In Vivo
Authors: Goki Matsumura, Sachiko Miyagawa-Tomita, Toshiharu Shin’oka, Yoshito Ikada, Hiromi Kurosawa
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Materials commonly used to repair complex cardiac defects lack growth potential and have other unwanted side effects. We designed and tested a bone marrow cell (BMC)–seeded biodegradable scaffold that avoids these problems. Methods and Results— To demonstrate the contribution of the BMCs to histogenesis, we labeled them with green fluorescence, seeded them onto scaffolds, and implanted them in the inferior vena cava of dogs. The implanted grafts were analyzed immunohistochemically at 3 hours and subsequently at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation using antibodies against endothelial cell lineage markers, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells. There was no stenosis or obstruction caused by the tissue-engineered vascular autografts (TEVAs) implanted into the dogs. Immunohistochemically, the seeded BMCs expressing endothelial cell lineage markers, such as CD34, CD31, Flk-1, and Tie-2, adhered to the scaffold. This was followed by proliferation and differentiation, resulting in expression of endothelial cells markers, such as CD146, factor VIII, and CD31, and smooth muscle cell markers, such as α-smooth muscle cell actin, SMemb, SM1, and SM2. Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 were also produced by cells in TEVAs. Conclusions— These results provide direct evidence that the use of BMCs enables the establishment of TEVAs. These TEVAs are useful for cardiovascular surgery in humans and especially in children, who require biocompatible materials with growth potential, which might reduce the instance of complications caused by incompatible materials and lead to a reduced likelihood of further surgery.
Cell-to-cell interaction controlled by immunoglobulin genes. Role of Thy-1-, Lyt-1+, Ig+ (B') cell in allotype-restricted antibody production.
Authors: K Okumura, K Hayakawa, T Tada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

A novel lymphocyte subpopulation, designated "B' cell" because of its characteristic dual expression of Ig and Lyt-1 antigen, is described in relation to its ability to augment the in vitro secondary antibody response. The cells are found in the spleens of normal unprimed mice as well as those of athymic nude mice and represent a small of normal unprimed mice as well as those of athymic nude mice and represent a small number (2-3%) of immunoglobulin-positive cells. No other distinguishing surface markers of conventional T and B cells, such as Thy-1, Lyt-2, Ia, and ThB antigens, are detected on the B' cell. In the in vitro anti-hapten secondary antibody response, the addition of a small number of B' cells from unprimed mice to the mixture of T and B cells greatly augmented the anti-hapten antibody formation when the number of carrier-specific helper T cells was limited. This augmentation was observed only when B and B' cells shared the same set of IgVH genes. The identity of the immunoglobulin gene between T cells and B or B' cells was not necessary for optimum antibody production. The results indicate that the presence of B' cells is necessary for the induction of an optimum antibody response when helper T cells are limited. It is suggested that B' cells deliver an additional signal to the B cell network to magnify the antibody response.
Is Observation Dead in Follicular Lymphoma? Still Appropriate
Authors: Caron A. Jacobson, Arnold S. Freedman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Given the incurable yet indolent nature of follicular lymphoma (FL) and the lack of a survival benefit seen with the early treatment of patients with a low tumor burden, watchful waiting has been the predominant strategy for treating asymptomatic patients with newly diagnosed FL for more than 2 decades. The success and tolerability of rituximab for the treatment of this disease, however, has led to challenges for this treatment paradigm and the consideration of early upfront treatment with rituximab monotherapy, with or without rituximab maintenance. These strategies have resulted in improvements in quality of life with a low incidence of toxicity and have led some to practice changes. However, based on uncertainty about how early treatment affects response to second treatment, the differential cost of treatment, and the lack of a survival benefit, observation remains an appropriate and viable strategy for select patients.
A randomised double-blind trial of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
Authors: A Kahan, B Amor, C J Menkes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The efficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud9s phenomenon was assessed in a prospective double-blind randomised cross-over trial in 16 patients (7 progressive systemic sclerosis, 2 rheumatoid arthritis, 1 systemic lupus erythematosus, and 6 idiopathic Raynaud9s phenomenon). Each patient received diltiazem 120 mg and placebo three times a day for two weeks. The attack frequency of Raynaud9s phenomenon was measured by a diary count; its severity was assessed by means of a 10 cm visual analogue scale with 0 representing minimum and 10 representing maximum severity. Diltiazem significantly decreased the frequency and severity of Raynaud9s phenomenon as compared with placebo. This improvement was striking in patients with idiopathic Raynaud9s phenomenon but did not reach statistical significance in patients with associated systemic disease. We conclude that diltiazem is effective in the treatment of Raynaud9s phenomenon, especially in patients with idiopathic vasospastic disease.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic detection of lactate is predictive of a poor prognosis in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: F. Yamasaki, K. Kurisu, Y. Kajiwara, Y. Watanabe, T. Takayasu, Y. Akiyama, T. Saito, R. Hanaya, K. Sugiyama
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)

Diffuse brainstem glioma has a poor prognosis, and there are few long-term survivors. We looked for clinical, conventional magnetic resonance (MR), and MR spectroscopic (MRS) findings predictive of the prognosis of patients with brainstem glioma. Our institutional review board approved this retrospective study of 23 patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine or diffuse medullary brainstem glioma treated during the period 2000–2009. To evaluate prognostic values, we performed a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (log-rank test) that incorporated the patients' age and sex, symptom duration, the presence or absence of cranial nerve palsy, long tract sign, ataxia, and cysts, the chemotherapeutic regimen, Gd enhancement, longitudinal and cerebellar extension, basilar artery encasement, and MRS parameters. Of the 23 diffuse brainstem gliomas, 19 were located at the pons (ratio of male to female patients, 1.1:1). The mean age of the 23 patients was 15.9 years (range, 4–50 years); 16 were aged <20 years. The duration of overall survival was 19.7 months; in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, it was 16.6 months, and in patients aged <20 years, it was 11.8 months. Clinical and conventional MR findings at presentation were not predictive of the prognosis in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. In addition, a patient age <20 years and the detection of lactate by MRS were poor prognostic factors. The MRS detection of lactate is a prognostic factor in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Additional studies of larger patient populations using other imaging modalities are needed.