tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) in leukemia: Clinical value of plasma ADA activity and characterization of leukemic cell ADA
Authors: Takayuki Morisaki, Hisaichi Fujii, Shiro Miwa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was measured in plasma, erythrocytes, and mononuclear cells from 18 patients with acute and chronic leukemia. High levels of ADA activities were found in plasma, erythrocytes, and mononuclear cells from patients with acute leukemia, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Serial determination of plasma ADA activities was done in 9 patients with acute leukemia. All patients untreated or in relapse had an elevation of plasma ADA activity, which decreased to normal or subnormal levels during complete remission. On starch gel electrophoresis, plasma ADA in leukemic patients separated into two bands. The major band showed a mobility identical to that of normal red cells and mononuclear cells, and the minor band corresponded to that of normal plasma ADA. Enzymatic and immunological studies were performed on ADA from leukemic cells of acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia. There were no differences in Michaelis constant for adenosine, thermostability, electrophoretic mobility, immunological reactivity, and specific activity between ADA of leukemic cells and normal mononuclear cells. These results strongly suggest that the increased ADA activity in leukemic cells is caused by an increased synthesis of a structurally normal enzyme and that increased plasma ADA activity in leukemic patients reflects an increment of leukemic cells in bone marrow. Therefore, serial determination of plasma ADA activities seems to provide a good indicator of the total mass of leukemic cells in bone marrow.
17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 12 in Human Breast Carcinoma: A Prognostic Factor via Potential Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis
Authors: Shuji Nagasaki, Takashi Suzuki, Yasuhiro Miki, Jun-ichi Akahira, Kunio Kitada, Takanori Ishida, Hiroshi Handa, Noriaki Ohuchi, Hironobu Sasano
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12 (17beta-HSD12) has been shown to be involved in elongation of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) as well as in biosynthesis of estradiol (E2). 17beta-HSD12 expression was also reported in breast carcinomas but its functions have remained unknown. In this study, we examined the correlation between mRNA expression profiles determined by microarray analysis and tissue E2 concentrations obtained from 16 postmenopausal breast carcinoma cases. No significant correlations were detected between 17beta-HSD12 expression and E2 concentration. We then immunolocalized this enzyme in 110 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma. 17beta-HSD12 immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma cells was significantly associated with poor prognosis of the patients. We further examined the biological significance of 17beta-HSD12 using cell-based studies. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of 17beta-HSD12 in SK-BR-3 (estrogen receptor-negative breast carcinoma cell line) resulted in significant growth inhibition, which was recovered by the addition of VLCFAs such as arachidonic acid. The status of 17beta-HSD12 immunoreactivity was also correlated with adverse clinical outcome in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)-positive breast cancer patients but not in COX2-negative patients. Therefore, these findings indicated that 17beta-HSD12 was not necessarily related to intratumoral E2 biosynthesis, at least in human breast carcinoma, but was rather correlated with production of VLCFAs such as arachidonic acid, which may subsequently be metabolized to prostaglandins by COX2 and result in tumor progression of the patients.
Anticancer treatments can fight arthritic disorders
Authors: Lawrence M. Prescott
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Some intractable cases of arthritis are now responding to techniques borrowed from cancer therapy. For example, the investigational use of cytotoxic drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that does not respond to conventional therapy is expanding, although rheumatologists warn that there are potential hazards similar to those encountered in cancer chemotherapy. According to Gary W. Williams, MD, PhD, of the Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Calif, cytotoxic drugs do not eliminate rheumatic disorders, but they often are effective in suppressing immunologic overactivity, eradicating self-tolerance, and reducing inflammation. Still, not the least of their possible side effects is induction of cancer. At this point, the cytotoxic drug of choice, especially for younger RA patients, appears to be methotrexate because it is relatively well tolerated and has a low risk of carcinogenicity. According to Williams, over a 42-month period, 84 of 87 RA patients were able to
P3-260: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease decreases postoperative survival due to higher recurrence in male patients with stage IA lung cancer
Authors: Yasuo Sekine, Yoshito Yamada, Masako Chiyo, Takekazu Iwata, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, Akira Iyoda, Shigetoshi Yoshida, Makoto Suzuki, Kiyoshi Shibuya, Takehiko Fujisawa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
PERFORMANCE OF DPP-4 INHHIBITORS VERSUS SULFONYLUREAS ON TOP OF METFORMIN IN A REAL WORLD SETTING: RESULTS OF TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE PROSPECTIVE DIAREGIS REGISTRY
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Peter Bramlage, Steffen Schneider, Christiane Binz, Michael Krekler, Diethelm Tschoepe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Levodopa in Parkinsonism: the Effects of Withdrawal of Anticholinergic Drugs
Authors: R. C. Hughes, J. G. Polgar, D. Weightman, J. N. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The results are reported of a trial in which 34 patients receiving a stable dose of levodopa for the treatment of idiopathic Parkinsonism, as well as anticholinergic drugs which they had been taking before the introduction of levodopa, underwent withdrawal of their anticholinergic remedies. Withdrawal was gradual over four weeks in 17 patients (group 1) and abrupt in the remaining 17 (group 2). Only 11 out of 34 patients on stable levodopa therapy were able to tolerate withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs for more than eight weeks. The main reasons for the resumption of these remedies were subjective increases in slowness in 20 (59%), tremor in 15 (44%), and recurrence of hypersalivation in 5 (15%). Hypersalivation was the single feature which was most significantly and adversely influenced by anticholinergic withdrawal in patients on levodopa irrespective of whether withdrawal was sudden or gradual. It is suggested that the synergism which seems to exist between anticholinergic remedies and levodopa may be due to inhibition of dopamine inactivation by anticholinergic drugs, thus ensuring continual utilization, or alternatively, to a primary central anticholinergic effect. Objective and more severe subjective deterioration occurred only on sudden withdrawal. Hence we would advise that if for any reason anticholinergic drugs are to be withdrawn in patients receiving a stable dosage of levodopa this must be done slowly. Conversely it would appear from our results that the introduction of anticholinergic drugs in patients treated initially with levodopa is likely to produce additional benefit, particularly when the maximum tolerated dose of levodopa is small.
Challenge With Ragweed Pollen Extract (RWPE) In Allergic Rhinitis Induces Rapid Increase In 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), IL-10 and G-CSF
Authors: H. Qi, D. Redding, A. Kurosky, B. Singh, J. Lane, M. Bain, I. Boldogh, T. Hazra, S. Sur
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Identification of proapoptotic Bim as a tumor suppressor in neoplastic mast cells: role of KIT D816V and effects of various targeted drugs
Authors: Karl J. Aichberger, Karoline V. Gleixner, Irina Mirkina, Sabine Cerny-Reiterer, Barbara Peter, Veronika Ferenc, Michael Kneidinger, Christian Baumgartner, Matthias Mayerhofer, Alexander Gruze, Winfried F. Pickl, Christian Sillaber, Peter Valent
Journal: Blood (2009)
Lineage restriction of human hepatic stem cells to mature fates is made efficient by tissue-specific biomatrix scaffolds
Authors: Yunfang Wang, Cai-Bin Cui, Mitsuo Yamauchi, Patricia Miguez, Marsha Roach, Richard Malavarca, Joseph M. Costello, Vincenzo Cardinale, Eliane Wauthier, Claire Barbier, David A. Gerber, Domenico Alvaro, Lola M. Reid
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Current protocols for differentiation of stem cells make use of multiple treatments of soluble signals and/or matrix factors and result typically in partial differentiation to mature cells with under- or overexpression of adult tissue-specific genes. We developed a strategy for rapid and efficient differentiation of stem cells using substrata of biomatrix scaffolds, tissue-specific extracts enriched in extracellular matrix, and associated growth factors and cytokines, in combination with a serum-free, hormonally defined medium (HDM) tailored for the adult cell type of interest. Biomatrix scaffolds were prepared by a novel, four-step perfusion decellularization protocol using conditions designed to keep all collagen types insoluble. The scaffolds maintained native histology, patent vasculatures, and ≈1% of the tissue's proteins but &gt;95% of its collagens, most of the tissue's collagen-associated matrix components, and physiological levels of matrix-bound growth factors and cytokines. Collagens increased from almost undetectable levels to &gt;15% of the scaffold's proteins with the remainder including laminins, fibronectins, elastin, nidogen/entactin, proteoglycans, and matrix-bound cytokines and growth factors in patterns that correlate with histology. Human hepatic stem cells (hHpSCs), seeded onto liver biomatrix scaffolds and in an HDM tailored for adult liver cells, lost stem cell markers and differentiated to mature, functional parenchymal cells in ≈1 week, remaining viable and with stable mature cell phenotypes for more than 8 weeks. Conclusion: Biomatrix scaffolds can be used for biological and pharmaceutical studies of lineage-restricted stem cells, for maintenance of mature cells, and, in the future, for implantable, vascularized engineered tissues or organs. (Hepatology 2011.)
Spontaneous sternal fractures in four patients with chronic airflow obstruction taking corticosteroids.
Authors: K Hameed, G E Packe, J S Legge, J A Friend
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Four patients with chronic airflow obstruction developed spontaneous sternal fractures. All had received repeated courses of high dose corticosteroids and three were receiving long term treatment with low dose corticosteroids. It is important to consider sternal fracture in the differential diagnosis when patients with chronic airflow obstruction present with chest pain.
Administration of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Vaccine (Live) to Egg-Allergic Children
Authors: Sasson Lavi
Journal: JAMA (1990)

DURING the first year of life, egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in atopic children.<sup>1</sup>Since the attenuated measles and mumps components of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) virus vaccine (live) are grown in cell cultures of chick embryos, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of administering the MMR vaccine to eggallergic children. Initially, it was believed that egg-allergic children could safely receive the vaccine.<sup>2,3</sup>However, it has since become apparent that reactions to the MMR vaccine can occur in egg-allergic individuals.<sup>4</sup>The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that "persons with a history of anaphylactic reactions (eg, urticaria, swelling of the mouth and throat, wheezing, laryngospasm, hypotension, or shock) following egg ingestion should not be vaccinated until they have been skin-tested."<sup>5</sup>Because of the effectiveness of vaccines in preventive medicine, ways of safely administering vaccine grown in avian embryos to
Origins of the Pernkopf Anatomy Atlas
Authors: Gerald Weissmann
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —I feel somewhat responsible for resurrecting the issue of Dr Eduard Pernkopf, dean of the medical faculty of the University of Vienna in 1938, since I first called public attention to his sordid career a decade ago.1Reporting the views of your correspondents,2,3theNew York Times(November 26,1996) published a picture of Pernkopf standing at a University of Vienna rostrum in full Nazi regalia. In that uniform and from that platform, on April 6, 1938, Pernkopf invited his faculty to join him in aBegeistergstrum(gale of rapture) on the advent of Adolf Hitler'sAnschluss(annexation) of Austria. Pernkopf, a rabid Nazi, had immediately purged his faculty of many eminent scientists for racial reasons and usurped editorship of theWiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, the leading Austrian medical journal of the time. In its May 20, 1938, issue, he reprinted his invitation under the title of
Endoscopic Aspiration of Duodenal Juice in the Diagnosis of Small Bowel Bacterial Colonisation
Authors: I. Hamilton, B. Worsley, J.G. Shoesmith, E.M. Cooke, A.T.R. Axon
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

The value of endoscopic suction aspiration of duodenal juice in the diagnosis of small bowel bacterial colonisation has been investigated. Samples obtained in this way were bacteriologically dissimilar from conventional jejunal aspirate from the same patient, due to both contamination of the sample and death of organisms during sampling. Endoscopic suction aspiration is not a suitable technique for sampling intestinal contents for bacteriological analysis.
Low Back Pain and Sciatica
Authors: John C. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Although unquestionably dedicated to the advancement of medical science, our profession apparently has failed to respond to pressing social needs. This failure is manifest by strong external forces striving to change the basic nature of medical practice and to impose upon each physician a different and perhaps more burdensome way of life. Medicine in the broad concept is a service; the doctor is a public servant. Whether his prime interest be patient care, teaching, or research, his goal must be to improve the health of the people. The profession's emphasis upon medical research has overtaxed and exceeded our ability to apply its abundant and significant advances. One of society's most urgent demands is the immediate application of these advances to the care of the people. This creates an enormous problem, for knowledge of inestimable value to the health of society has not been distilled to the degree that the practicing
Endothelin‐1 directs airway remodeling and hyper‐reactivity in a murine asthma model
Authors: L. G. Gregory, C. P. Jones, S. A. Mathie, S. Pegorier, C. M. Lloyd
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Background The current paradigm describing asthma pathogenesis recognizes the central role of abnormal epithelial function in the generation and maintenance of the disease. However, the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of airway remodeling, which contributes to decreased lung function, remain elusive. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of altered pulmonary gene expression in disease inception and identify proremodeling mediators. Methods Using an adenoviral vector, we generated mice overexpressing smad2, a TGF-β and activin A signaling molecule, in the lung. Animals were exposed to intranasal ovalbumin (OVA) without systemic sensitization. Results Control mice exposed to inhaled OVA showed no evidence of pulmonary inflammation, indices of remodeling, or airway hyper-reactivity. In contrast, local smad2 overexpression provoked airway hyper-reactivity in OVA-treated mice, concomitant with increased airway smooth muscle mass and peribronchial collagen deposition. Pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation was not evident, and there was no change in serum IgE or IgG1 levels. The profound remodeling changes were not mediated by classical pro-inflammatory Th2 cytokines. However, uric acid and interleukin-1β levels in the lung were increased. Epithelial-derived endothelin-1 and fibroblast growth factor were also augmented in smad2-expressing mice. Blocking endothelin-1 prevented these phenotypic changes. Conclusions Innate epithelial-derived mediators are sufficient to drive airway hyper-reactivity and remodeling in response to environmental insults in the absence of overt Th2-type inflammation in a model of noneosinophilic, noninflammed types of asthma. Targeting potential asthma therapies to epithelial cell function and modulation of locally released mediators may represent an effective avenue for therapeutic design.
Natural killer cells—toward clinical application
Authors: Ami Schattner, David B. Duggan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are non‐B, non‐T lymphoid cells of uncertain lineage that rapidly recognize and lyse a large variety of tumor or virus‐infected cells, without the need for either prior sensitization or major histocompatability complex (MHC)‐dependent recognition. Though some essential problems in understanding NK cell function are still unsolved, considerable progress has been achieved in recent years following the identification of the characteristic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology of NK cells and their purification, the study of their function at the single‐cell level, and the cloning of mouse and human NK cell lines. Activated mainly by interferon (IFN), as well as important producers of IFN, NK cells appear to have a distinct role in immunoregulation in addition to their postulated major role in “immune surveillance,” for which convincing in vivo data has accumulated. Future clinical applications may therefore include manipulations of the NK system through expansion and activation of patient's LGL or the use of cloned human NK cell lines.
Doctors and patients must decide together whether anticoagulation is appropriate
Authors: A J Howitt
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR–Thomson et al suggest that variations in recommendations for anticoagulant treatment of atrial fibrillation could be overcome by having a single body responsible for producing evidence based guidelines.1Might giving this responsibility to one body lead to a form of medical tyranny in which only one view of who should be offered anticoagulant treatment is held to be valid? Evidence based medicine does …
Challenging and Unusual Cases
Authors: Hassan Pervez, Anil Potti, Syed A. Mehdi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.06.168 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12663736 Challenging and Unusual Cases CASE 1. SIMULTANEOUS PRESENTATION OF ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA AND ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Hassan PervezxHassan PervezSearch for articles by this author , Anil PottixAnil PottiSearch for articles by this author , Syed A. MehdixSyed A. MehdiSearch for articles by this author Show More Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.06.168 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Controlled trial of the treatment of atopic eczema with a urea-hydrocortisone preparation versus betamethasone 17-valerate
Authors: JOHN ALMEYDA, LIONEL FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

A double blind study has shown no statistical difference between the clinical response of fifty atopic eczema patients to topical treatment with 1% hydrocortisone in a stabilized 10% urea cream (Calmurid HC) and a 0.1% betamethasone 17‐valerate cream (Betnovate).
Population-Based Assessment of the Surgical Management of Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Anand Govindarajan, Natalie G. Coburn, Alex Kiss, Linda Rabeneck, Andrew J. Smith, Calvin H. L. Law
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Background: Evidence-based guidelines recommend multivisceral resection for patients with locally advanced adherent colorectal cancer because it reduces local recurrence and improves survival. However, this procedure can increase morbidity compared with standard resection and may not be practiced uniformly. We performed a population-based study to examine surgical practice and outcomes among patients with locally advanced adherent colorectal cancer in the United States. Methods: Patients who were 18 years or older and who had surgical resection for nonmetastatic, locally advanced adherent colorectal cancer from January 1, 1988, through December 31, 2002, were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Logistic regression was used to examine patient, tumor, and geographic factors associated with multivisceral resection. Cumulative early mortality (i.e., at 1 and 6 months after diagnosis) and 5-year survival were obtained from Kaplan–Meier estimates; adjusted risks of death were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We identified 8380 patients who underwent surgical resection for locally advanced adherent colorectal cancer, of whom 33.3% were managed with multivisceral resection. Among colon cancer patients, younger age at diagnosis, female sex, SEER region, node negativity, and left-sided tumors were independently associated with having had a multivisceral resection. Among rectal cancer patients, younger age at diagnosis and female sex were positively and statistically significantly associated with multivisceral resection, whereas receipt of neoadjuvant radiation was inversely and statistically significantly associated with multivisceral resection. Compared with standard resection, multivisceral resection was associated with improved overall survival for patients with colon (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 0.96) and rectal (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.94) cancer, with no associated increase in early mortality. Conclusions: The majority of patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer did not receive a multivisceral resection. The geographic variation in the application of this procedure in patients with colon cancer suggests that local organizational structures and processes of care may play an important role in patient treatment and, therefore, prognosis.
Ischemic Responses Predictive of Coronary Death
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The  test probably would never have been developed if stress testing had begun under the aegis of modern cardiologists. Based on an old Harvard Fatigue Laboratory test, the contemporary  Master and particularly the  Master 1 represent ultimate load adjustments in a sequence spanning nearly a half-century. The prescribed numbers of trips in the original single Master 2 were arrived at by its originator in a more or less ad hoc fashion, rather than by the kind of physiologic design favored by contemporary cardiologists. 3-6 They, certainly, would not now sanction the superficially reasonable, but physiologically unwarranted, prescription of trips according to body weight. Even more ad hoc were the development—in response to demands for greater stress levels—of the  and  tests ( why exactly double and not, say, 1.5, 2.5, or 3 times the number of trips? Why augmented by 15% and not 10% or 20%?). All