tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MULTIPLE APPROACHES TO TREATMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND DISCUSSION OF INDICATIONS
Authors: LEO ALEXANDER, MERRILL MOORE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

1. Schizophrenia is a disease of unknown etiology. It appears to be multifactorial in origin, and may represent a group of diseases with similarity in clinical mental symptomatology, but with a wide range in prognosis. 2. The great variety of benign and malignant forms of schizophrenia require that we define as many objectively verifiable aspects of the disease as possible, and determine the spontaneous recovery potential for all of the resulting subgroups based on as many objectively measurable variables as are or may become available. 3. Variables affecting prognosis favorably are: recent onset, high intelligence, relatively unimpaired capacity for abstract categorical thinking, good educational background, better than average occupational status, stress-induced onset, and autonomic reaction pattern (adrenalin-mecholyl test pattern) similar to that of depressions. 4. Apparently schizophrenic illnesses in highly intelligent adolescents (pseudoschizophrenic neuroses) respond well to psychotherapy. 5. Schizophrenic patients showing an adrenalin-mecholyl test pattern similar to that of depressions respond well to electroshock therapy. 6. Patients with epinephrine-precipitable anxiety do better with insulin and the new drugs. 7. Response to all types of treatment declines with duration of illness, most markedly for the shock and coma therapies, somewhat less for the drug therapies and for psychotherapy, least for frontal lobotomy. 8. Recovery rates (complete and/or social recovery) obtained spontaneously as well as on various treatment regimens (intensive psychotherapy, electroshock therapy, insulin coma therapy, tranquilizing drug therapy and frontal lobotomy) at the various levels of duration of illness are given. 9. A practical treatment program is formulated based on the findings presented.
Abstract 4491: Novel multiplex PI3-kinase inhibitors potently inhibit Ras-mutated tumors via suppression of eIF-4E-mediated protein translation
Authors: Mark Hamilton, Alexandra K. Bernardino, Yan Liu, Kathleen Provoncha, Dorothy Paul, Yakov Rotshteyn, Amy Han, Dapeng Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The PI3K pathway is a target of significant interest for cancer drug development due to its prominent role in cancer cell growth and survival. However, PI3K pathway inhibition alone has limited efficacy in the presence of oncogenic Ras mutations, which are found in approximately one-third of all human tumors. In preclinical models, efficacy in Ras-mutated tumors has required the inhibition of both PI3K and other Ras-activated pathways. One key function of these pathways is to regulate eIF-4E, a central factor in cap-dependent translation of critical proteins involved in growth and survival (e.g., c-myc and Mcl-1), and anti-tumor activity has been associated with the selective inhibition of translation of these proteins. Simultaneous inhibition of PI3K and other Ras-activated pathways that converge on eIF-4E-mediated protein translation represents an attractive strategy for oncology drug development. Methods and Results: Using rational drug design, we identified a novel chemical series of small molecules that possess potent activity against PI3K and additional Ras-regulated kinases implicated in protein translation. The anti-tumor activity of these multiplex PI3K inhibitors was assessed against a panel of 30 human tumor cell lines comprised of various genetic backgrounds and histotypes. Multiplex PI3K inhibitors demonstrated broad and potent anti-proliferative activity in all cell lines tested (EC50: 10 nM - 500 nM) and induced cell death in Ras-mutated cell lines (e.g., PANC-1, HCT116 and A549). Mechanistically, these multiplex PI3K inhibitors induced caspase activity, inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT, 4E-BP1, ribosomal S6 and eIF-4E, and inhibited the expression of c-myc and Mcl-1 proteins. In contrast, PI3K-selective inhibitors were partially cytostatic in Ras-mutated tumor cell lines, inhibiting cell proliferation by at most 60-90%. PI3K-selective inhibitors also failed to induce significant increases in caspase activity, inhibit eIF-4E phosphorylation, or inhibit c-myc and Mcl-1 expression. Conclusion: We have discovered novel multiplex PI3K inhibitors that demonstrate potent anti-tumor activity in Ras-mutant tumors via inhibition of eIF-4E-mediated protein translation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4491.
Leukemia from Low-Level Radiation
Authors: Irwin D. J. Bross, Nachimuthu Natarajan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Current procedures for setting "safe" levels for exposure to low-level radiation are based on the assumption that the population exposed to the risk of leukemia (or other disease) is homogeneous. A new analysis of data on 295 children with leukemia and 813 random-sample controls (Tri-State Survey) demonstrates that this assumption is wrong. There are at least two subgroups ("susceptible" and "nonsusceptible") in the population. Exposure to low-level radiation such as diagnostic x-rays during pregnancy produces little increase in risk of leukemia in the "nonsusceptible" subseries. However, the same radiation exposure can increase relative risk almost 10 times in subseries with a relatively high proportion of "susceptible" subjects, who can be identified on a probability basis by information in the health record of mother and child. Preliminary analyses suggest that "nonsusceptible" children are unaffected by radiation-dosage orders of magnitudes greater than those that affect the "susceptible" group.
Salt and water retention and calcium blockade in uremia.
Authors: G M London, S J Marchais, A P Guerin, F Metivier, M E Safar, F Fabiani, L Froment
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Blood pressure, echocardiography, and aortic and peripheral arterial pulse-wave velocity were studied in 40 hypertensive patients on long-term hemodialysis during a 24-week administration of nitrendipine (1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-[m-nitrophenyl]-3,5-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid ethyl methylester) monotherapy. In a double-blind placebo-randomized study, nitredipine effectively lowered the blood pressure (p less than 0.001) before hemodialysis without causing postdialysis hypotension. The antihypertensive effect of nitrendipine was greater in patients with significant salt and water retention, as indicated by interdialytic body weight gain (delta BW), that is, a significant correlation was observed between delta BW and the decrease in blood pressure (r = 0.72; p less than 0.001). The antihypertensive effect was not related to age, pretreatment plasma renin activity, or serum-ionized calcium concentration. After nitrendipine, a time-related decrease in aortic (p less than 0.005) and femoral (p less than 0.05) pulse-wave velocity was observed with a significant time-treatment interaction (p less than 0.01). Nitrendipine treatment did not influence left ventricular mass (which was positively correlated with delta BW; p less than 0.01) but was associated with an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction. The increase in ejection fraction was correlated with changes in aortic pulse-wave velocity (r = 0.548; p less than 0.02) but not with changes in blood pressure (r = 0.352; p = 0.19) or delta BW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of valsartan added to background ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure: results from Val‐HeFT
Authors: Henry Krum, Peter Carson, Csaba Farsang, Aldo P. Maggioni, Robert D. Glazer, Nora Aknay, Yann‐Tong Chiang, Jay N. Cohn
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
Reactive oxygen species regulate the quiescence of CD34-positive cells derived from human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Sun-Hwa Song, Kyungjong Kim, Jeong Joo Park, Kyung Hoon Min, Wonhee Suh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. However, few studies have examined the generation and function of ROS in human embryonic vascular development. In this study, the sources of ROS and their roles in the vascular differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were investigated. During vascular differentiation of hESCs, CD34+ cells had quiescence-related gene expression profiles and a large fraction of these cells were in G0 phase. In addition, levels of ROS, which were primarily generated through NOX4, were substantially higher in hESC-derived CD34+ cells than in hESC-derived CD34− cells. To determine whether excess levels of ROS induce quiescence of hESC-derived CD34+ cells, ROS levels were moderately reduced using selenium to enhance antioxidant activities of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase. In comparison to untreated CD34+ cells, selenium-treated CD34+ cells exhibited changes in gene expression that favoured cell cycle progression, and had a greater proliferation and a smaller fraction of cells in G0 phase. Thus, selenium treatment increased the number of hESC-derived CD34+ cells, thereby enhancing the efficiency with which hESCs differentiated into vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. This study reveals that NOX4 produces ROS in CD34+ cells during vascular differentiation of hESCs, and shows that modulation of ROS levels using antioxidants such as selenium may be a novel approach to increase the vascular differentiation efficiency of hESCs.
UROLOGY IN WOMEN
Authors: WILLIAM E. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

There is at present an unfortunate tendency in many parts of the country to separate urology in women from urology in general, and place it in the hands of the gynecologist and obstetrician. The argument most commonly advanced in favor of this procedure is that the generative and urinary tracts are in close proximity in this sex, and, consequently, pathologic conditions of the two are frequently associated. As a matter of fact, the same intimate relationship exists between the female generative organs and the rectum and colon, but pathologic lesions of these are seldom classed as gynecologic conditions. In a study of 200 nonpregnant women with urinary disturbances, I found that the symptoms were entirely due to urinary tract conditions in 73 per cent., whereas lesions of the generative organs, although present in a large proportion of cases, were possible etiologic factors in only 27 per cent. These correspond with
Respiratory Distress in the Newborn
Authors: Lisa K. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1980)

RESPIRATORY distress in the newborn can occur after any delivery, but should be anticipated in high-risk infants, such as those born prematurely, after a difficult labor, by cesarean section, or of diabetic mothers. Respiratory distress in the neonate must be evaluated quickly and appropriate therapy planned, including transfer to a neonatal intensive care unit. A chest roentgenogram is essential to differentiate among the myriad causes of respiratory distress, which encompass medically and surgically treatable conditions. Most of the time a cribside roentgenogram is obtained. The technique is simple, is not disturbing to the newborn, and produces roentgenograms of diagnostic quality. <h3>Wet Lung Disease</h3> A common cause of respiratory distress in the immediate newborn period is wet lung disease. Clinically, neonates with wet lung disease have tachypnea shortly after birth, which clears quickly within two to five days. A delay in the resorption of pulmonary alveolar fluid is common. The fluid
Computed tomography, ultrasound, and cholestatic jaundice.
Authors: A Morris, R A Fawcitt, R Wood, W S Forbes, I Isherwood, M N Marsh
Journal: Gut (1978)

Computed tomography detected the presence of dilated ducts in 15 of 18 cases with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice and demonstrated the obstructing lesion in 18 out of 25. The cause of the obstruction was detected in the absence of duct dilatation, and calculi which were radiolucent on conventional radiographs were demonstrated. Ulstrasound detected dilated ducts in eight of 10 cases, but demonstrated the cause of the obstruction in only one of 13 cases. Both techniques are capable of demonstrating dilated ducts in the majority of cases, but computed tomography is better at detecting the cause of the obstruction.
Erythema annulare-like acantholytic dermatosis: a subset of pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: H.M. Holahan, R.S. Farah, J.C. Selby, J.A. Fairley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Erythema annulare‐like acantholytic dermatosis: a subset of pemphigus foliaceus Get access H.M. Holahan, H.M. Holahan Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ U.S.ADepartment of Dermatology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City IA 52242 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.S. Farah, R.S. Farah Department of Dermatology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City IA 52242 U.S.A Correspondence: Ronda S. Farah. E‐mail: ronda-farah@uiowa.edu1Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, U.S.A. Departments of 2Dermatology and 3Veterans Affairs, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.C. Selby, J.C. Selby Department of Dermatology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City IA 52242 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Fairley J.A. Fairley Department of Dermatology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City IA 52242 U.S.ADepartment of Veterans Affairs University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City IA U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 6, 1 December 2014, Pages 1558–1559, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13115 Published: 01 December 2014
Will the new UK government change our approach to risk?
Authors: A. Cole-King, P. Leppina
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Imagine it is 3 am and your patient is at home, wide awake, and being tormented by suicidal thoughts. What is likely to stop them ending their life and make them seek help: the fact that they have undergone a complex, lengthy risk assessment or a simple “staying safe plan” created with an empathic and trusted practitioner, tailored to their own particular circumstances?

Assessing and managing risk is a major preoccupation in most areas of public policy, including environmental protection, transport, law and order, defence, and of course health. In mental health care the need for carefully considered responses to the risk of suicide was given sharp focus by the December 2008 House of Lords ruling that under the European Convention on Human Rights healthcare providers have a particular duty to protect mentally ill patients who are at risk of suicide from harming themselves.1 The possibility of being accused of professional misconduct or the fear of litigation if a patient goes on to complete a suicide can be a powerful disincentive for clinicians to acknowledge that a patient is a suicide risk and thus to try …
A Community Outbreak of Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Authors: Stephen C. Copps
Journal: JAMA (1968)

An outbreak of nonbacterial pneumonia occurred in La Crosse, Wis, in the fall of 1965 and early 1966. Laboratory studies of 138 patients indicated infection with<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>in 66 patients (48%). Patients ranging in age from 5 to 19 years were most severely affected. Familial infection was common and the index case usually occurred in a teenager. The school was suspected as the source of dissemination but this could not be established from the data available. Cases were scattered throughout the city. Transmission seemed to require close and prolonged contact. Clinically, involvement was limited to the lower-respiratory tract with coughing and roentgenographic evidence of pneumonitis in almost all patients. In addition, seven patients had a rash and seven others had evidence of otitis media, one with bullous involvement.
I BNS regulates interleukin-6 production and inhibits neointimal formation after vascular injury in mice
Authors: T. Niida, K. Isoda, M. Kitagaki, N. Ishigami, T. Adachi, O. Matsubara, K. Takeda, T. Kishimoto, F. Ohsuzu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

IκBNS regulates a subset of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent genes including interleukin-6 (IL-6) by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). IL-6 is an inflammatory biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether IκBNS changes arterial inflammation and intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. We investigated neointimal formation in IκBNS-deficient (IκBNS−/−; C57BL/6 background) and wild-type (IκBNS+/+) mice 2 weeks after cuff injury. The mean intimal area and the intima/media ratio of IκBNS−/− mice increased 89% (8066 ± 1141 vs. 4267 ± 1095 μm2; P = 0.027) and 100% (0.72 ± 0.13 vs. 0.36 ± 0.09; P = 0.032) compared with IκBNS+/+ mice. We observed significant up-regulation of TLR4 in injured arteries of IκBNS−/− mice. NF-κB activity in the intima of IκBNS−/− mice was 5.1-fold higher (P = 0.008) compared with IκBNS+/+ mice at 7 days post-injury. IL-6 mRNA levels in injured arteries of IκBNS−/− mice were 1.8-fold higher (P = 0.002) compared with those of IκBNS+/+ mice at 3 days post-injury. Vascular smooth muscle cells from IκBNS−/− mice showed a significant increase in cell migration compared with those from IκBNS+/+ mice after IL-6 stimulation in the scratch-wound healing assay. Furthermore, anti-mouse IL-6 receptor antibody (MR16-1) significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia compared with control IgG injection in IκBNS−/− mice. These findings suggest that IL-6 participates in the development of neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in IκBNS−/− mice. IκBNS down-regulates TLR4 expression, NF-κB activity, and IL-6 production after vascular injury. IκBNS might suppress intimal hyperplasia caused by vascular inflammation such as atherosclerosis, and restenosis after angioplasty.
Anti-Metastasis Drug Ready for Human Trials
Authors: S. Jenks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Anti-Metastasis Drug Ready for Human Trials Get access Susan Jenks Susan Jenks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 4, 19 February 1992, Page 220, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.4.220 Published: 19 February 1992
Patient burden of colonoscopy after positive fecal immunochemical testing for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: M. Denters, M. Deutekom, P. Bossuyt, P. Fockens, E. Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background:</b> Irrespective of the primary test used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, colonoscopy needs to be performed in positive screenees. This procedure is generally perceived as burdensome. We aimed to explore the burden of the colonoscopy in fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive screenees. Trial Registration Number: NTR1327. <b>Methods:</b> Two weeks after their colonoscopy, a random sample of screenees in the Dutch CRC screening pilot who underwent colonoscopy after a positive FIT were asked to rate their experience on a five-point scale (1 = not at all, 5 = very) for embarrassment, pain, and burden. Aspects that would add to satisfaction and the level of disturbance of daily activity and sleep were also assessed. <b>Results:</b> Of 373 invited individuals, 273 (73 %) completed the questionnaire; 53 % were men, mean age was 63 years (standard deviation [SD] 7). The bowel preparation received the highest burden score (mean score 2.87, SD 1.28) and was chosen as the most burdensome aspect by 56 %. The highest levels of pain were assigned to postcolonoscopy abdominal complaints (2.55, SD 1.03). The procedure was rated as only slightly embarrassing (1.49, SD 0.68). Adequate explanation of the procedure, immediate discussion of preliminary colonoscopy results, and a short waiting time between FIT result and colonoscopy were selected most often as potential contributors to satisfaction. <b>Conclusion:</b> Bowel preparation and postcolonoscopy abdominal complaints are experienced as the most burdensome elements by persons undergoing colonoscopy in a FIT screening program. A more easily tolerable bowel preparation, carbon dioxide insufflation, and adequate and timely communication are seen as measures to alleviate the burden and increase satisfaction with the procedure.
Life Stress and Mental Health: The Midtown Manhattan Study
Authors: S. H. Kraines
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The Midtown Manhattan Study is based on a two-hour interview of 1,660 persons, randomly selected, in midtown New York City. The material thus obtained was subjected to intensive study and statistical review. The first volume (1961) reached two major conclusions: mental health risks increase with age and are greatest among low socio-economic-status (SES) subjects. The present volume, dealing with the relationship between stress and impairment of mental health, is replete with many observations, some well known, others less commonly recognized. All, however, have the virtue of being objective findings rather than subjective impressions. For example: Differing rates of mental health disturbances in different ethnic groups are related not to the ethnic group but the level of the SES. Physical and mental health are "hopelessly intertwined." The impact of "hard times" is not from the financial deprivation but from the associated loss of affection. Husbands whose wives have a higher level
Amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases by cell death-induced cytoplasmic delivery of humanin
Authors: Tae-Yoon Park, Seung-Hyung Kim, Yoon-Chul Shin, Nae-Hyun Lee, Rae-Kyung Christina Lee, Jae-Hyuck Shim, Laurie H. Glimcher, Inhee Mook-Jung, Eunji Cheong, Won-Ki Kim, Fumiko Honda, Tomohiro Morio, Jong-Soon Lim, Sang-Kyou Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Hypoxic resistance of hypodermically transplanted pancreatic islets by using cell-absorbable antioxidant Tat-metallothionein
Authors: Hae Song Jung, Kwang Suk Lim, Min Jun Kim, Yong Hwa Hwang, Changhun Yoo, Yong-kyu Lee, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Yun Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Epidermal T lymphocytes and HLA-DR expression in psoriasis
Authors: BARBARA S. BAKER, A.F. SWAIN, LIONEL FRY, HELGI VALDIMARSSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Epidermal T lymphocytes and HLA‐DR expression in psoriasis Get access BARBARA S. BAKER, BARBARA S. BAKER Department of Immunology, Landspitalinn, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.F. SWAIN, A.F. SWAIN Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London, W2 Landspitalinn, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LIONEL FRY, LIONEL FRY Department of Immunology, Landspitalinn, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Dr L. Fry, Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London W2. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HELGI VALDIMARSSON HELGI VALDIMARSSON Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London, W2 Landspitalinn, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 5, 1 May 1984, Pages 555–564, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04678.x Published: 01 May 1984 Article history Accepted: 17 October 1983 Published: 01 May 1984