tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Brian L. Strom, Elias Abrutyn, Jesse A. Berlin, Judith L. Kinman, Roy S. Feldman, Paul D. Stolley, Matthew E. Levison, Oksana M. Korzeniowski, Donald Kaye
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The risks of infective endocarditis (IE) associated with various conditions and procedures are poorly defined. Methods and Results —This was a population-based case-control study conducted in 54 Philadelphia, Pa–area hospitals from 1988 to 1990. Community-acquired IE cases unassociated with intravenous drug use were compared with matched community residents. Subjects were interviewed for risk factors. Diagnoses were confirmed by expert review of medical record abstracts with risk factor data removed. Cases were more likely than controls to suffer from prior severe kidney disease (adjusted OR [95% CI]=16.9 [1.5 to 193], P =0.02) and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR [95% CI]=2.7 [1.4 to 5.2], P =0.004). Cases infected with skin flora had received intravenous fluids more often (adjusted OR [95% CI]=6.7 [1.1 to 41], P =0.04) and had more often had a previous skin infection (adjusted OR [95% CI]=3.5 [0.7 to 17], P =0.11). No association was seen with pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiac, or genitourinary procedures or with surgery. Edentulous patients had a lower risk of IE from dental flora than patients who had teeth but did not floss. Daily flossing was associated with a borderline decreased IE risk. Conclusions —Within the limits of the available sample size, the data showed that IE patients differ from people without IE with regard to certain important risk factors but not regarding recent procedures.
Mid-life crisis for M cells
Authors: R L OWEN
Journal: Gut (1998)

The epithelium that lines the gut is impermeable to macromolecules and microorganisms, except in Peyer's patches (PP), where the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) contains M cells that transport antigens and microorganisms. A cultured system that reproduces the main characteristics of FAE and M cells was established by cultivation of PP lymphocytes with the differentiated human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Lymphocytes settled into the epithelial monolayer, inducing reorganization of the brush border and a temperature-dependent transport of particles and Vibrio cholerae. This model system could prove useful for intestinal physiology, vaccine research, and drug delivery studies.
Self regulation of doctors must work locally
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Leaders of the medical profession in Britain have resolved to work towards a culture of openness and critical self appraisal among doctors which should make whistle blowing obsolete.

In its NHS white paper for England, The New NHS, the government called on the medical profession to ensure that effective local arrangements were in place which “build on and strengthen the existing systems of professional self regulation and the principles of corporate governance.” The BMA, the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, and postgraduate and undergraduate deans took up the challenge …
The Value of the Medical Visit.
Authors: C. H. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1900)

St. Louis, Mo., May 28, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The value of medical service is estimated by all that is done for the patient. Visits are only incomplete memoranda of time. The value of a visit depends on the time spent in making it, distance and delay at the bedside and what sort of personal service is given in the examinations and in the manipulations of the patient. Hypodermic medications may be required in a locality demanding special anatomic knowledge and some surgical skill. The examination of hidden cavities—the throat, vagina, bladder, rectum, etc.—and the exercise of the<i>tactus eruditus</i>may be required. They call for skill as well as outlay, for education, instruments and time. Thoracic and abdominal examinations requiring more or less time are often essential to a correct diagnosis as well as urinary and blood analyses. The taking of blood or sputum for a slide and samples
An fMRI Study of Frontostriatal Circuits During the Inhibition of Eye Blinking in Persons With Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Luigi Mazzone, Shan Yu, Clancy Blair, Benjamin C. Gunter, Zhishun Wang, Rachel Marsh, Bradley S. Peterson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

The authors sought to study activity in neural circuits that subserve the inhibition of a semi-involuntary motor behavior, eye blinking, in children and adults with Tourette syndrome and in healthy comparison subjects.Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to scan 120 participants (51 with Tourette syndrome and 69 comparison subjects) as they either blinked normally or successfully inhibited eye blinking. The authors compared the blood-oxygen-level dependent signal during these two conditions across the Tourette and comparison groups.Relative to comparison subjects, patients with Tourette syndrome activated more strongly the frontal cortex and striatum during eye blink inhibition. Activation increased more with age in the dorsolateral and inferolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus in the Tourette group relative to comparison subjects. In addition, the Tourette group more strongly activated the middle frontal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate, and temporal cortices. The severity of tic symptoms in the Tourette group correlated inversely with activation in the putamen and inferolateral prefrontal cortex.Frontostriatal activity is increased in persons with Tourette syndrome during the inhibition of eye blinks. Activation of frontostriatal circuits in this population may help to maintain regulatory control over semi-involuntary behaviors, whether these are tics or eye blinks.
Under Observation: Life Inside a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Dozens of images exist that portray psychiatric hospitals. Films such as<i>Bedlam, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Raintree County</i>, and<i>The Snake Pit</i>are all idiosyncratic examples. Even more books have been written about psychiatric hospitals; thankfully, most were never adapted for the screen. Expectedly, they represent the viewpoints of patients as well as staff, are mostly anecdotal, and are less commonly the result of trained or scientific observation. Some portray the sad misfortune and disappointment of patients and families; others are more sanguine. To write about a hospital or any institution suffers from the handicap that personal persuasion carries its own frame of reference, biases, and interpretations. A plumber, carpenter, or painter might have considerable differences in how they view a construction project, but if they are keen and open-minded craftsmen, there should be a general overlap and blending of views. This book about a hospital never before
GMC suggests treatment of pathologist might have been too lenient
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A retired pathologist cleared last month of serious professional misconduct over a postmortem examination carried out on a patient of the serial killer GP Harold Shipman may have his acquittal reviewed by the High Court.

A professional conduct committee of the General Medical Council exonerated David Bee over the postmortem examination of Renate Overton, which concluded that she died of natural causes, although she …
Vasospasm in children with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Nicole Fortier O’Brien, Karin E. Reuter-Rice, Sandeep Khanna, Bradley M. Peterson, Kenneth B. Quinto
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

To determine the incidence of vasospasm in children who have suffered moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.A prospective observational pilot study in a 24-bed pediatric intensive care unit was performed. Twenty-two children aged 7 months to 14 years with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury as indicated by Glasgow Coma Score </=12 and abnormal head imaging were enrolled. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was performed to identify and follow vasospasm. Patients with a flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) >120 cm/s were considered to have vasospasm by criterion A. If flow velocity in the MCA was >120 cm/s and the Lindegaard ratio was >3, vasospasm was considered to be present by criterion B. Patients with basilar artery (BA) flow velocity >90 cm/s met criteria for vasospasm in the posterior circulation (criterion C).In the MCA, 45.5% of patients developed vasospasm based on criterion A and 36.3% developed vasospasm based on criterion B. A total of 18.2% of patients developed vasospasm in the BA by criterion C. Typical day of onset of vasospasm was hospital day 2-3. Duration of vasospasm in the anterior circulation was 4 +/- 2 days based on criteria A and 3 +/- 1 days based on criteria B. Vasospasm in the posterior circulation persisted for 2 +/- 1 days.Using the adult criteria outlined above to diagnose vasospasm, a significant proportion of pediatric patients who have suffered moderate to severe traumatic brain injury develop vasospasm during the course of their treatment.
Topical VEGF Enhances Healing of Thoracic Aortic Anastomosis for Coarctation in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Ralf G. Seipelt, Carl L. Backer, Constantine Mavroudis, Veronica Stellmach, Ingrid M. Seipelt, Mona Cornwell, Jose Hernandez, Susan E. Crawford
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Recurrent stenosis after extended end-to-end anastomosis for aortic coarctation is the primary indication for further interventions in children. Tension because of the extended resection and local arterial wall hypoxia are possible pathogenetic mechanisms. We hypothesized that (1) tension interferes with healing and (2) that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a hypoxia sensitive angiogenic inducer, may enhance healing of the vascular anastomosis. Methods and Results— In a model of coarctation repair, rabbits underwent thoracic aortic end-to-end anastomosis after transection (no-tension; n=15), resection of an aortic ring (tension; n=14) or resection and topical VEGF treatment (0.75 μg VEGF 165 ; tension+VEGF; n=14). Gross and histologic characteristics of the aortic wall were assessed at 1 week, 1 and 2 months. In the tension only group at 1 month, the severity of vascular remodeling was increased with fibrosis and calcification compared with controls. At 2 months, this group also revealed more luminal stenosis (29% versus 19%; P &lt;0.001). Exogenous VEGF resulted in significantly less fibrosis, calcification and chondroid metaplasia at 1 month ( P &lt;0.05) and luminal area was only reduced 3% at 2 months ( P &lt;0.001 versus tension group). Conclusions— In a rabbit model of coarctation repair, the addition of tension on the vascular anastomosis resulted in poor healing and luminal stenosis. Topical VEGF maintained luminal integrity by decreasing fibrosis and calcification. These findings suggest that topical VEGF may be a promising new strategy to enhance healing and improve the outcome of vascular anastomoses for coarctation of the aorta.
Case of Traumatic Tetanus: Successfully treated by the Sesquicarbonate of Iron
Authors: G. Woollam
Journal: BMJ (1842)

when a cart-wheel passed over his right hand.On the evening of the same day I was requested to visit him, and found the structures of the thumb much contused and lacerated.I continued to visit him until the 8th of April, when he came to my house to have the in- jured part dressed; and, as he was going on favourably, I saw no more of him until the 17th, at 9, a.m.,
The Road to Reform: The Future of Health Care in America
Authors: Norman G. Levinsky
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Eli Ginzberg, a senior and respected health policy analyst, has written<i>The Road to Reform</i>"specifically to inform the concerned public, not a handful of experts" about the need and the prospects for health care reform in the United States. The book is a lucid, brief, and credible review of the current state of the American health care system, how it got where it is, and what reforms are needed. Interested citizens will enjoy reading it; two or three hours of attention will provide them with the background needed to understand the current policy debate. Physicians and others who have followed the debate will find little new but may be interested in a distinguished expert's viewpoint. Like other analysts, Ginzberg attributes the health care cost spiral in major part to the growth of third-party financing mechanisms, which interpose between the consumer and the cost of health care services. He gives
Histochemical Studies of the Myocardium and Conduction System in Acquired Iron-Storage Disease
Authors: PAUL F. SCHELLHAMMER, MARY ALLEN ENGLE, JACK W. C. HAGSTROM
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The myocardium, all parts of the conduction system, and the S-A node contained iron in six patients with acquired iron-storage disease. The nerve fibers and ganglia contained negligible amounts. No correlation was demonstrated between the amount of histochemically demonstrated iron in the myocardium and conduction system, or the amount of transfused iron, or the amount of quantitatively analyzed myocardial iron and the presence of antemortem arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. The degree of scarring in the S-A node, A-V node, and bundle of His did not parallel the density of iron deposits in these structures. These observations support the theory that factors other than iron alone are responsible for the cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities associated with iron-storage disease.
Melanocyte-secreted fibromodulin promotes an angiogenic microenvironment
Authors: Irit Adini, Kaustabh Ghosh, Avner Adini, Zai-Long Chi, Takeru Yoshimura, Ofra Benny, Kip M. Connor, Michael S. Rogers, Lauren Bazinet, Amy E. Birsner, Diane R. Bielenberg, Robert J. D’Amato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Studies have established that pigmentation can provide strong, protective effects against certain human diseases. For example, angiogenesis-dependent diseases such as wet age-related macular degeneration and infantile hemangioma are more common in light-skinned individuals of mixed European descent than in African-Americans. Here we found that melanocytes from light-skinned humans and albino mice secrete high levels of fibromodulin (FMOD), which we determined to be a potent angiogenic factor. FMOD treatment stimulated angiogenesis in numerous in vivo systems, including laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization, wound healing, and Matrigel plug assays. Additionally, FMOD enhanced vascular sprouting during normal retinal development. Deletion of Fmod in albino mice resulted in a marked reduction in the amount of neovascularization induced by retinal vein occlusion, corneal growth factor pellets, and Matrigel plugs. Our data implicate the melanocyte-secreted factor FMOD as a key regulator of angiogenesis and suggest an underlying mechanism for epidemiological differences between light-skinned individuals of mixed European descent and African-Americans. Furthermore, inhibition of FMOD in humans has potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
Loss of the tumor suppressor Snf5 leads to aberrant activation of the Hedgehog-Gli pathway
Authors: Zainab Jagani, E Lorena Mora-Blanco, Courtney G Sansam, Elizabeth S McKenna, Boris Wilson, Dongshu Chen, Justin Klekota, Pablo Tamayo, Phuong T L Nguyen, Michael Tolstorukov, Peter J Park, Yoon-Jae Cho, Kathy Hsiao, Silvia Buonamici, Scott L Pomeroy, Jill P Mesirov, Heinz Ruffner, Tewis Bouwmeester, Sarah J Luchansky, Joshua Murtie, Joseph F Kelleher, Markus Warmuth, William R Sellers, Charles W M Roberts, Marion Dorsch
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
RELATION BETWEEN MYOCARDIAL VIABILITY, CLINICAL PRESENTATION, AND RISK STRATIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY ON OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY. A REPORT FROM THE STICH TRIAL
Authors: Federico M. Asch, Thomas A. Holly, Lilin She, Gerald Maurer, Matthias Siepe, Eric J. Velazquez, Adam Ostrzycki, Beata Sredniawa, Tiziana Attisano, Jonathan Howlett, Robert O. Bonow, Julio A. Panza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cardiac Assessment Before Stem Cell Transplantation for Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Richard K. Burt, Maria Carolina Oliveira, Sanjiv J. Shah
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Distinct epitopes on formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase induce autoimmune liver cytosol antibody type 1
Authors: Luigi Muratori, Elizabeth Sztul, Paolo Muratori, Ya-sheng Gao, Alessandro Ripalti, Cristina Ponti, Marco Lenzi, Maria Paola Landini, Francesco B. Bianchi
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Liver cytosol antibody type 1 (LC1) is regarded as a serologic marker of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis, in addition to liver kidney microsomal antibody type 1. Among 38 patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis, 23 were positive for LC1 antibodies. The antigen recognized by LC1 has been identified as a liver-specific 58-kd metabolic enzyme named formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD). All 23 LC1-positive sera immunoprecipitated rat FTCD, and 22 gave an identity reaction with rat FTCD by immunodiffusion. No reaction was observed with sera from 10 patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, 10 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 10 with chronic hepatitis C, and 10 healthy controls. By Western immunoblotting all 23 LC1-positive sera and all the controls tested negative, suggesting that all the antigenic epitopes were destroyed by denaturation. FTCD is a bifunctional protein composed of distinct globular FT and CD domains connected by a short linker. To identify epitopes that trigger the LC1 autoimmune response, we tested LC1 antibodies against FTCD constructs encoding the N-terminal FT domain (amino acids 1-339), or the C-terminal CD domain (amino acids 332-541). Of 20 sera positive against full-length FTCD, 8 (40%) recognized the FT domain and the CD domain, 7 (35%) recognized only the FT domain, and 5 (25%) did not recognize either construct. No sera reacted with only the CD domain. These data indicate that multiple regions of FTCD trigger the LC1 autoimmune response, and that LC1 reactivity is mainly directed to conformation-sensitive epitopes located in the FT region of FTCD.
Smallpox in Pennsylvania.
Authors: Benjamin Lee
Journal: JAMA (1893)

To the Editor:\p=m-\TheBoard of Health of the city of Read- ing, Berks County, reports that for the two weeks ending Dec. 4, 1893, 36 new cases of smallpox occurred in that city, with 1 death, making a total of 678 cases to date, with 18 deaths.
CASE OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER WITH UNUSUAL ASSOCIATED LESIONS.DISCUSSION OF THE CLINICAL PROBLEM SUGGESTED THEREBY.
Authors: ARTHUR R. ELLIOTT
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —W. M., aged 54, American of Scotch parentage; occupation, foreman of public works. Family history negative. <h3>History.</h3> —Patient is over six feet in height, is of unusual intelligence and displays evidence of having possessed great muscular development when in his prime. He declares that his use of alcohol and tobacco has always been extremely moderate and there is no history of venereal infection. He confesses that he has always been a very nervous man and that, despite his efforts at control, his temper has been a quick and unruly one. Mumps, measles and "grippe" are the only illnesses in his personal history, with the exception of an ephemeral attack occurring a year ago designated by his medical attendant "muscular rheumatism." <h3>Present Illness.</h3> —Five years ago the patient first observed a swelling of the neck, which has persisted in the form of a moderate sized goiter ever since that time.
OUR DIAGNOSTIC RESOURCES IN RECTAL AND ALLIED DISEASES.
Authors: JOSEPH M. MATHEWS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>PROFESSOR OF PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY AND DISEASES OF THE RECTUM, KENTUCKY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, ETC.</h3> Before entering into my subject, the Faculty will permit me to thank them very cordially for the honor which this invitation confers upon me. Having been a teacher in a medical college for many years, the compliment is doubly appreciated as coming from another Medical Faculty, and one, too, that is the peer of any and all others. It is fit that the shoemaker should stick to his last, and I have, therefore, selected a subject for discussion to-night that may appear to you as being too simple for the occasion, but my apology is that it is the theme that has interested me, to the exclusion of others, perhaps of greater moment, for sixteen years. Then, too, I hope to interest you to the extent, at least, that you will admit it
Metered dose inhalers. Doctors don't teach flotation method.
Authors: D Keeley
Journal: BMJ (1993)

EDrrOR,-Some of the issues raised by Bonneux and Barendregt have already been addressed in the discussion section of our paper.There is a fundamental misapprehension contained in Bonneux and Barendregt's second paragraph.Their argument is valid only if this department is assumed to have been responsible for all the cases of gastric cancer from a defined population.
BTG1 regulates glucocorticoid receptor autoinduction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Joost C. van Galen, Roland P. Kuiper, Liesbeth van Emst, Marloes Levers, Esther Tijchon, Blanca Scheijen, Esmé Waanders, Simon V. van Reijmersdal, Christian Gilissen, Ad Geurts van Kessel, Peter M. Hoogerbrugge, Frank N. van Leeuwen
Journal: Blood (2010)
THE IMPORTANCE OF AN EARLY AURAL EXAMINATION IN ACUTE DISEASES' OF CHILDREN.
Authors: JAMES F. McKERNON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The prominence of aural disease has been brought very frequently before the profession for the past decade; but I know of nothing in aural disease of children of greater importance than an early recognition and treatment of some of the conditions I shall enumerate. It is more particularly to call your attention to certain forms of aural disease, especially in children, not easily recognized by the pediatrist or general practitioner, and therefore all the more important, or if recognized, usually too late to be of value from a prophylactic standpoint, that this paper is written. You are all familiar with the complications frequently accompanying the acute exanthemata, but usually your first intimation of an aural condition is to have the little patient complain of earache, or if it be a young infant, you expect him to pull or tug at the affected ear, and cry out with pain, thus