tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Use, and the Incidence of Diabetes in the Black Women’s Health Study
Authors: Varsha G. Vimalananda, Julie R. Palmer, Hanna Gerlovin, Lauren A. Wise, James L. Rosenzweig, Lynn Rosenberg, Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To assess the relationship of depressive symptoms and use of antidepressants with incident type 2 diabetes in prospective data from a large cohort of U.S. African American women.The Black Women's Health Study (BWHS) is an ongoing prospective cohort study. We followed 35,898 women from 1999 through 2011 who were without a diagnosis of diabetes and who had completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in 1999. CES-D scores were categorized as <16, 16-22, 23-32, and ≥33, which reflected increasingly more depressive symptoms. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs for incident diabetes using Cox proportional hazards models. The basic multivariable model included age, time period, family history of diabetes, and education. In further models, we controlled for lifestyle factors and BMI. We also assessed the association of antidepressant use with incident diabetes.Over 12 years of follow-up, there were 3,372 incident diabetes cases. Relative to CES-D score <16, IRRs (95% CI) of diabetes for CES-D scores 16-22, 23-32, and ≥33 were 1.23 (1.12-1.35), 1.26 (1.12-1.41), and 1.45 (1.24-1.69), respectively, in the basic multivariate model. Multiple adjustment for lifestyle factors and BMI attenuated the IRRs to 1.11 (1.01-1.22), 1.08 (0.96-1.22), and 1.22 (1.04-1.43). The adjusted IRR for antidepressant use was 1.26 (1.11-1.43). Results were similar among obese women.Both depressive symptoms and antidepressant use are associated with incident diabetes among African American women. These associations are mediated in part, but not entirely, through lifestyle factors and BMI.
Review: Diet and exercise counseling improve intermediate health outcomes in persons with CV risk factors
Authors: Alka M. Kanaya
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Lin JS, O’Connor E, Evans CV, et al. Behavioral counseling to promote a healthy lifestyle in persons with cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:568-78. 25155549
Expression and Function of PPARγ in Rat and Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Ronald E. Law, Stephan Goetze, Xiao-Ping Xi, Simon Jackson, Yasuko Kawano, Linda Demer, Michael C. Fishbein, Woerner P. Meehan, Willa A. Hsueh
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is activated by fatty acids, eicosanoids, and insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones (TZDs). The TZD troglitazone (TRO) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in vitro and in postinjury intimal hyperplasia.Rat and human VSMCs express mRNA and nuclear receptors for PPARgamma1. Three PPARgamma ligands, the TZDs TRO and rosiglitazone and the prostanoid 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), all inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration. PPARgamma is upregulated in rat neointima at 7 days and 14 days after balloon injury and is also present in early human atheroma and precursor lesions.Pharmacological activation of PPARgamma expressed in VSMCs inhibits their proliferation and migration, potentially limiting restenosis and atherosclerosis. These receptors are upregulated during vascular injury.
Prevalence of IgE-sensitization and cross-reactivity of Pru av 3, the lipid transfer protein from cherry
Authors: Stephan Scheurer, Tanja Haase, Frauke Schocker, Anna Cistero-Bahima, Ernesto Enrique, Wolf Meinhard Becker, Dieter Haustein, Stefan Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
The Hyperabduction Syndrome
Authors: JOHN A. BEYER, IRVING S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The hyperabduction syndrome was described in 1945. This report includes information and experience gained from the study of 52 patients suffering from its consequences and of many others in whom the diagnosis was necessarily considered. The signs and symptoms and age and sex incidence are summarized. Among the most striking findings was the fact that Raynaud's syndrome occurred in 20 of the 52 patients, an incidence far greater than anticipated in the general population. In some patients elimination of the hyperabduction position abolished Raynaud's syndrome. So far as we can determine this relationship has not been previously reported.
Temporal Bone and Posterior Cranial Fossa
Authors: H. Martin Blacker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Take a CD-ROM reader and a computer loaded with Microsoft Windows 3.1, preferably equipped with at least a 17-inch monitor, and one can embark on a dazzling journey through the temporal bone and posterior cranial fossa. This is the second in a series of interactive anatomy software programs published by Elsevier Science. Dr Berend Hillen of the Department of Functional Anatomy, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, is the editor of the series, the first disc of which was devoted to the paranasal sinuses and the anterior skullbase.  Installing the software is a nearly bullet-proof process. The installation is accomplished through the Windows file menu, which runs the install program from the compact disc, installing the necessary drivers and taking up about 3.5 megabytes on the computer's hard disk. A CPU of the power of a 486-66 MHz, 8 MB of RAM, and at least a double-speed CD-ROM reader optimizes viewing.  The
GASTROINTESTINAL CONDITIONS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Fran&ccedil;ois Lalibert&eacute;, Yuliya Moore, Katherine Dea, Joyce C. LaMori, Samir H. Mody, JaCinda L. Jones, Michele Arledge, CV Damaraju, Mei Sheng Duh, Jeff Schein, Patrick Lefebvre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Orexin neurons suppress narcolepsy via 2 distinct efferent pathways
Authors: Emi Hasegawa, Masashi Yanagisawa, Takeshi Sakurai, Michihiro Mieda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The loss of orexin neurons in humans is associated with the sleep disorder narcolepsy, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Mice lacking orexin peptides, orexin neurons, or orexin receptors recapitulate human narcolepsy phenotypes, further highlighting a critical role for orexin signaling in the maintenance of wakefulness. Despite the known role of orexin neurons in narcolepsy, the precise neural mechanisms downstream of these neurons remain unknown. We found that targeted restoration of orexin receptor expression in the dorsal raphe (DR) and in the locus coeruleus (LC) of mice lacking orexin receptors inhibited cataplexy-like episodes and pathological fragmentation of wakefulness (i.e., sleepiness), respectively. The suppression of cataplexy-like episodes correlated with the number of serotonergic neurons restored with orexin receptor expression in the DR, while the consolidation of fragmented wakefulness correlated with the number of noradrenergic neurons restored in the LC. Furthermore, pharmacogenetic activation of these neurons using designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) technology ameliorated narcolepsy in mice lacking orexin neurons. These results suggest that DR serotonergic and LC noradrenergic neurons play differential roles in orexin neuron–dependent regulation of sleep/wakefulness and highlight a pharmacogenetic approach for the amelioration of narcolepsy.
The control of sugar uptake by metabolic demand in isolated adult rat heart cells.
Authors: R A Haworth, H A Berkoff
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

To investigate the control of sugar uptake by metabolic demand, we used isolated quiescent adult rat heart cells in suspension, under conditions similar to those found during anoxia. Metabolic demand was varied by exposing cells to rotenone plus various levels of p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Without glucose, the time taken for half of the cells to undergo contracture was inversely proportional to the metabolic demand as measured by the rate of lactate production. For any metabolic demand, the onset of contracture was preceded by a sudden drop in adenosine triphosphate. The permeability of contracted cells to glucose was investigated using 3-O-methylglucose. The rate of 3-O-methylglucose uptake by such cells was strongly dependent on the time taken for half the cells to undergo contracture, with low rates at low times to half contracture, and insulin-like rates at high times to half contracture. This suggests that the full induction of glucose transport by metabolic demand can be prematurely curtailed by the loss of adenosine triphosphate. This phenomenon appeared to limit glucose utilization in cells with a high metabolic demand when glucose was present: such cells underwent contracture unless insulin was also present, the rate of glucose uptake as measured with 2-deoxyglucose was inhibited, and the rate of lactate production was inhibited. Isoproterenol depressed glucose transport by two mechanisms. First, by stimulating the basal metabolic demand of the cell it reduced the time taken for half the cells to undergo contracture and, hence, the level of induced sugar transport. Second, it significantly delayed the onset of sugar permeability with respect to the contracture event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Medicare fails to monitor questionable prescribing practices, investigation finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An independent investigation of a government database has identified doctors and other health professionals who are prescribing worryingly large quantities of opioids, antipsychotics, and other drugs to elderly and other patients through the Medicare prescription plan.

Although the database makes it easy to identify practitioners who are prescribing large amounts of “potentially harmful, disorienting or addictive” drugs, federal officials “have done little to detect or deter these hazardous prescribing patterns,” the investigators report.

The investigation was conducted by ProPublica, an independent, non-profit investigative journalism …
A trip to Halkyn Mountain:
Authors: B. McGuinness
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The half term holiday in May gave us a chance to get out into the country. We went by bike to Halkyn Mountain to collect fossils and mineral specimens; current hot topics in science. The day was hot and with the wind at our backs we were through Mold and on the way up from Holywell before lunch.

We arrived hot and breathless to fling ourselves down in heather and bracken on top of the hill with views over the Dee and Wirral. Beyond, in haze, could be made out Liverpool Cathedral, vague shapes of docks and civic buildings, and, on the far horizon, the Isle of Man was a smudge like a cloud.

We watched a Tiger Moth from Sealand going through its paces. National Service was …
A new Director General for WHO—an opportunity for bold and inspirational leadership
Authors: David McCoy, Ravi Narayan, Fran Baum, David Sanders, Hani Serag, Jane Salvage, Mike Rowson, Ted Schrecker, David Woodward, Ron Labonte, Arturo Qizphe, Claudio Schuftan, Amit Sengupta
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS OF THE BLADDER OUTLET IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: MEREDITH F. CAMPBELL
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Submucous fibrosis of the vesical outlet is characterized by sclerotic atresia of the orifice and in children is congenital. The pathologic changes produced in the urinary tract as well as the clinical symptomatology and manifestations are directly the result of urinary obstruction. In most instances, infection accelerates the destructive process. Removal of the blockage and the institution of free urinary drainage constitute the treatment. Medical therapy alone is wholly inadequate. Seven cases of this condition that I have studied are herewith reported together with a brief consideration of the clinical observations and surgical treatment in this type of disease. In one of these patients, an infant, aged 18 months (case 3), the diagnosis of congenital fibrosis of the bladder neck seemed the correct one but lacked cystoscopic proof.  To date no instance of submucous fibrosis of the vesical outlet has been observed in young females. In all probability the anatomic
Physician and Scientist — Napoleon's Death — Sir Winston Churchill
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

WHEN Sir George Pickering, F.R.S., Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford, delivered the Harveian oration at the Royal College of Physicians last October, he spoke of the relations between physicians and scientists. He said that it is often held that physicians use the method of experiment, but since experiment is no more than planned observation, there need be no fundamental difference between them. At the same time in many respects there may seem to be an antithesis between medicine and science. Thus, ignorance and the awareness of being ignorant is the sine qua non of a productive scientist. Unless he . . .
Persistent diarrhoea in a young woman
Authors: R. Ramnarace, J. Ricketts, H. Dalton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 25 year old woman presented with repetitive diarrhoea associated with a mucous discharge and abdominal pain for the past six months. She passed five to 10 stools a day, with urgency and a sensation of incomplete emptying. Her symptoms were aggravated by episodes of interpersonal stress and improved after defecation. She had no history of nocturnal diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, or weight loss. Simple analgesia improved her symptoms. Her illness was eroding her confidence and negatively affecting her social life. Clinical examination, including a rectal examination, was normal. ### Short answers
Researchers Probe Nerve-Blocking Pain Treatment for Wounded Soldiers
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparative safety and effectiveness of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: retrospective population based cohort study
Authors: D. T. Eurich, S. Simpson, A. Senthilselvan, C. V. Asche, J. K. Sandhu-Minhas, F. A. McAlister
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To determine if the use of sitagliptin in newly treated patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with any changes in clinical outcomes. <b>Design </b>Retrospective population based cohort study. <b>Setting </b>Large national commercially insured US claims and integrated laboratory database. <b>Participants</b> Inception cohort of new users of oral antidiabetic drugs between 2004 and 2009 followed until death, termination of medical insurance, or December 31 2010. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Composite endpoint of all cause hospital admission and all cause mortality, assessed with time varying Cox proportional hazards regression after adjustment for demographics, clinical and laboratory data, pharmacy claims data, healthcare use, and time varying propensity scores. <b>Results</b> The cohort included 72 738 new users of oral antidiabetic drugs (8032 (11%) used sitagliptin; 7293 (91%) were taking it in combination with other agents) followed for a total of 182 409 patient years. The mean age was 52 (SD 9) years, 54% (39 573) were men, 11% (8111) had ischemic heart disease, and 9% (6378) had diabetes related complications at the time their first antidiabetic drug was prescribed. 14 215 (20%) patients met the combined endpoint. Sitagliptin users showed similar rates of all cause hospital admission or mortality to patients not using sitagliptin (adjusted hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.06), including patients with a history of ischemic heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio 1.10, 0.94 to 1.28) and those with estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min (1.11, 0.88 to 1.41). <b>Conclusions</b> Sitagliptin use was not associated with an excess risk of all cause hospital admission or death compared with other glucose lowering agents among newly treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Most patients prescribed sitagliptin in this cohort were concordant with clinical practice guidelines, in that it was used as add-on treatment.
Points: Partial mastectomy for breast cancer
Authors: P L Berger
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To compare costs associated with different models of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) delivery with costs of inpatient (IP) care across key infection groups managed via OPAT in the UK. <h3>Design</h3> A cost-minimisation design was used due to evidence of similarities in patient and treatment outcomes between OPAT and IP care. A bottom-up approach was undertaken for the evaluation of OPAT associated costs. The British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy National Outcomes Registry System was used to determine key infection diagnoses, mean duration of treatment and most frequent antibiotics used. <h3>Setting</h3> Several OPAT delivery settings were considered and compared with IP care. <h3>Interventions</h3> OPAT models considered were OP clinic model, nurse home visits, self (or carer)-administration by a bolus intravenous, self-administration by a commercially prefilled elastomeric device, continuous intravenous infusion of piperacillin with tazobactam or flucloxacillin with elastomeric device as OP once daily and, specifically for bone and joint and diabetic foot infections, complex outpatient oral antibiotic therapies. <h3>Results</h3> Base case and a range of scenario results showed all evaluated OPAT service delivery models to be less costly than IP stay of equivalent duration. The extent of savings varied by OPAT healthcare delivery models. Estimated OPAT costs as a proportion of IP costs were estimated at 0.23–0.53 (skin and soft-tissue infections), 0.34–0.46 (complex urinary tract infections), 0.23–0.51 (orthopaedic infections), 0.24–0.42 (diabetic foot infections) 0.40–0.56 (exacerbations of bronchiectasis) and 0.25–0.42 (intra-abdominal infections). Partial or full complex oral antibiotic therapies in orthopaedic or diabetic foot infections costs were estimated to be 0.13–0.26 of IP costs. Main OPAT costs were associated with staff time and antimicrobial medications. <h3>Conclusions</h3> OPAT is a cost-effective use of National Health Service resources for the treatment of a range of infections in the UK in patients who can be safely managed in a non-IP setting.
Plasma Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Is Associated With Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Maciej T. Malecki, Anetta Undas, Katarzyna Cyganek, Barbara Mirkiewicz-Sieradzka, Pawel Wolkow, Grzegorz Osmenda, Malgorzata Walus-Miarka, Tomasz J. Guzik, Jacek Sieradzki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO), which contributes to the development of diabetes vascular complications (1), is partially related to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). ADMA is an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor (2) and a competitive inhibitor of cellular l-arginine uptake (3). ADMA has been associated with atherosclerosis in nondiabetic populations (4) and with diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes (5). In humans, the stereoisomer of ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), is produced in equivalent quantities; though it does affect NO synthesis, SDMA may compete with arginine for cellular uptake (6). Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between plasma ADMA and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

We examined 182 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients (mean age at examination 56.2 ± 6.5 years). Previously described inclusion criteria were used (7). Biochemical measurements were done using standard methods. Creatinine clearance was calculated according to the Cockroft-Gault formula. The control group consisted of 52 apparently healthy individuals matched for age and sex (mean age 54.5 ± 7.1 years). This study was approved by the local ethics committee.

All type 2 diabetic patients underwent ophthalmological evaluation. Color fundus photographs were taken as previously described (8). The final diabetic retinopathy diagnosis was based on both ophthalmoscopy and photography (Protocol of Ophthalmological Examination can be found in an online appendix (available at dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc07-1138) (9). The patients were assigned to one of three groups: 1 ) no diabetic retinopathy, 2 ) nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, or 3 ) proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Plasma ADMA, SDMA, and l-arginine levels were measured …
SECTION OF STATE MEDICINE, 1891.
Authors: J. D. Plunkett
Journal: JAMA (1891)

First Day. The Section met at the Columbian University, Washington, D. C, at 3 p.m. There were present and registered during the session John H. Ranch, Springfield, 111. N. S. Davis, Chicago, 111. A. N. Bell, Brooklyn, New York. J. B. Lindsley, Tennessee. C. G. Comegys, Cincinnati, O. Charles Mclntvre, Pensylvania. M. G. Motter, Lancaster, O. G. H. Rohé, Baltimore, Md. J. Harvey Reed, Mansfield, O. Gustavus F. Franklin, Chillicothe, O. D. F. Lincoln, Geneva, New York. W. Wyman, U. S. M.-H. S. T. A. Foster, Portland, Me. C. W. Chancellor, Baltimore, Md. C. A. Lindsley, New Haven, Conn. Benj. Lee, Philadelphia, Pa. A. L. Gihon, U. S. Navy, Brooklyn, New York. J. T. Reeve, Appleton, Wis. J. Bochran. Montgomery, Ala. C. O. Probst, Columbus, O. J. N. McCormack, Bowling Green, Ky. G. S. Franklin, Ohio. J. F. Hibberd, Richmond, Ind. J. T. Motter, Georgetown, D. C. Charles H. Shepard,
Gonorrheal Conjunctivitis An Old Disease Returned
Authors: Terry Hansen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There has been a serious increase in venereal disease in this country, with gonorrhea as well as syphilis occurring more frequently especially in young adults.<sup>1</sup>The complications of gonorrhea, including the potentially blinding conjunctivitis, may be expected to increase in frequency parallel to this increased genitourinary disease. Gonorrheal conjunctivitis is not common, considering the incidence of genital gonorrhea, occurring in one in 700 or 800 cases.<sup>2</sup>The transmission of bacteria to the eye is usually from the genital organs via the unwashed hands in adults, or by direct inoculation of the eye during passage through the infected cervix in newborn infants. Many physicians, including some ophthalmologists, have never seen a case of gonorrheal ophthalmia. The disease begins as a hyperacute purulent conjunctivitis, usually unilateral, but frequently becoming bilateral after a few days. Clinical manifestations vary slightly according to age, the adult form usually being the