tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First independent replication study confirms the strong genetic association of ANXA11 with sarcoidosis
Authors: Y. Li, S. Pabst, C. Kubisch, C. Grohe, B. Wollnik
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of granulomas that can affect the skin, lungs, heart, brain and nervous system, eyes and various other tissues and organs.1 The disease can present in an acute or subacute form and is often self-limiting, but in many cases it is chronic with variable disease activity over many years.2 A genetic association between sarcoidosis and a truncating splice-site mutation in the gene BTNL2 (butyrophilin-like 2, a member of the immunoglobulin gene family) has been confirmed in different studies and populations.3–5

Very recently the first whole-genome association study (WGAS) reported a strong association …
Phase II study of pemetrexed in breast cancer patients pretreated with anthracyclines
Authors: M. Martin, M. Spielmann, M. Namer, A. duBois, C. Unger, D. Dodwell, P. Vodvarka, M. Lind, H. Calvert, A. Casado, L. Zelek, A. Lluch, E. Carrasco, L. Kayitalire, C. Zielinski
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Progressive Experimental Renal Failure but Maldifferentiate into Glomerular Adipocytes
Authors: Uta Kunter, Song Rong, Peter Boor, Frank Eitner, Gerhard Müller-Newen, Zivka Djuric, Claudia R. van Roeyen, Andrzej Konieczny, Tammo Ostendorf, Luigi Villa, Maja Milovanceva-Popovska, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Jürgen Floege
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a major cause of renal failure. This study sought to determine whether intrarenal injection of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can preserve renal function in a progressive rat model of GN. Early in GN (day 10), fluorescently labeled rat MSC localized to more than 70% of glomeruli, ameliorated acute renal failure, and reduced glomerular adhesions. Fifty days later, proteinuria had progressed in controls to 40 +/- 25 mg/d but stayed low in MSC-treated rats (13 +/- 4 mg/d; P < 0.01). Renal function on day 60 in the MSC group was better than in medium controls. Kidneys of the MSC group as compared with controls on day 60 contained 11% more glomeruli per 1-mm(2) section of cortex but also significantly more collagen types I, III, and IV and alpha-smooth muscle actin. Approximately 20% of the glomeruli of MSC-treated rats contained single or clusters of large adipocytes with pronounced surrounding fibrosis. Adipocytes exhibited fluorescence in their cytoplasm and/or intracellular lipid droplets. Lipid composition in these adipocytes in vivo mirrored that of MSC that underwent adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Thus, in this GN model, the early beneficial effect of MSC of preserving damaged glomeruli and maintaining renal function was offset by a long-term partial maldifferentiation of intraglomerular MSC into adipocytes accompanied by glomerular sclerosis. These data suggest that MSC treatment can be a valuable therapeutic approach only if adipogenic maldifferentiation is prevented.
Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder (BALANCE): a randomised open-label trial
Authors: John R Geddes, Guy M Goodwin, Jennifer Rendell, Jean-Michel Azorin, Andrea Cipriani, Michael J Ostacher, Richard Morriss, Nicola Alder, Ed Juszczak
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Hormonal responses to a single session of wholebody vibration exercise in older individuals
Authors: M Cardinale, R L Soiza, J B Leiper, A Gibson, W R Primrose
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been recently suggested as an alternative form of exercise. In this study, the acute effects of a single session of WBV exercise on anabolic hormones in aged individuals were analysed.A randomised cross-over trial design was used.Geriatrics Department, Woodend Hospital.20 individuals (9 men and 11 women; median age 70 years (range 66 to 85 years) volunteered in the experiment. Interventions Isometric squat on a platform with vibration or no vibration (control) conditions.Plasma cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 h after the interventions.A significant difference between treatments (p<0.001) and a time x treatment interaction (p<0.05) was found in IGF-1 levels. Cortisol levels were shown not to be significantly different between treatments (p = 0.43), but a difference over time (p<0.001) and a time6 treatment interaction (p<0.05) were identified. No significant differences were identified in GH and testosterone levels.As shown by the results of the study, 5 min of WBV exercise characterised by static squat with a frequency of 30 Hz can be performed by older individuals without apparent signs of stress and/or fatigue. Furthermore, WBV produced an acute increase in the circulating levels IGF-1 and cortisol greater than that observed following the same exercise protocol conducted without vibration.
A phase II study of cisplatin, ifosfamide and doxorubicin in operable primary, axial skeletal and metastatic osteosarcoma
Authors: P.A. Voûte, R.L. Souhami, M. Nooij, R. Somers, H. Cortés-Funes, J.W. van der Eijken, J. Pringle, P.C.W. Hogendoorn, A. Kirkpatrick, B.M. Uscinska, M. van Glabbeke, D. Machin, S. Weeden
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: VINCENT COTTIN, ANNE-VALÉRIE DONSBECK, DIDIER REVEL, ROBERT LOIRE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS CORDIER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis (NSIP) has recently been individualized within the group of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias mainly based on a pathologic pattern of temporally uniform lesions distinct from usual, desquamative, and acute interstitial pneumonia. We studied 12 consecutive patients with NSIP at lung biopsy done as a diagnostic procedure for idiopathic interstitial lung disease. The patients were six males and six females, aged 52.5 ± 11.8 yr. In 8 of 12 cases the pathologic lesions consisted of both cellular interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, whereas only cellular inflammation was present in three cases, and fibrosis in one. Dyspnea, cough, inspiratory crackles, and squeaks were the most common symptoms and signs. Six cases were cryptogenic. An associated disorder or a presumed cause was present in the other six patients, including underlying connective tissue disease (n = 3), organic dust exposure (n = 2), and prior acute lung injury (n = 1). Lung function tests found a restrictive ventilatory defect (11/12), impairment of TLco (11/11), and hypoxemia at rest (7/12). Chest X-ray showed infiltrative opacities in all cases. Computed tomography of the chest in 11 cases mainly showed ground glass opacities (9/11), patchy areas of alveolar consolidation (6/ 11), and thickening of interlobular septas (5/11). All patients were treated with corticosteroids, and seven with immunosuppressive agents. All patients were alive at last follow-up, 50 ± 40 mo after diagnosis. Ten patients (83%) were clinically improved or stabilized. Thus, despite its heterogeneity, NSIP deserves to be individualized as an original clinicopathologic entity and should be clearly distinguished from usual interstitial pneumonia, especially because of a better prognosis.
The PI3K, Metabolic, and Autophagy Networks: Interactive Partners in Cellular Health and Disease
Authors: Naval P. Shanware, Kevin Bray, Robert T. Abraham
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2011)

A fundamental imperative for mammalian cells is to coordinate cell metabolism and growth with environmentally induced stress. This review focuses on three highly integrated networks-the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade, intermediate metabolism, and autophagy-that work together to maintain cellular homeostasis under basal conditions and to drive cell-mass accumulation and cell cycle progression in the presence of appropriate mitogenic stimuli. Dysfunction within any one of these networks results in compensatory responses from the other networks. These responses underpin several pathologies associated with major human diseases such as cancer. We discuss the PI3K, metabolism, and autophagy networks and provide selected insights into internetwork cross-talk mechanisms. In recognition of the extensive interactions observed in both healthy and diseased cells, we propose that the three networks be merged into a "metabolism-signaling supernetwork." A detailed understanding of this supernetwork will facilitate the development of novel therapies for cancer and other complex diseases.
Vaccination with Antigen-Transfected, NKT Cell Ligand–Loaded, Human Cells Elicits Robust <i>In Situ</i> Immune Responses by Dendritic Cells
Authors: Kanako Shimizu, Takuya Mizuno, Jun Shinga, Miki Asakura, Kazuhiro Kakimi, Yasuyuki Ishii, Kenichi Masuda, Tomoji Maeda, Hidetoshi Sugahara, Yusuke Sato, Hirokazu Matsushita, Keigo Nishida, Kenichi Hanada, Jan Dorrie, Niels Schaft, Kara Bickham, Hisashi Koike, Tsuyoshi Ando, Ryozo Nagai, Shin-ichiro Fujii
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Both innate and adaptive immunity are crucial for cancer immunosurveillance, but precise therapeutic equations to restore immunosurveillance in patients with cancer patients have yet to be developed. In murine models, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-loaded, tumor antigen-expressing syngeneic or allogeneic cells can act as cellular adjuvants, linking the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the current study, we established human artificial adjuvant vector cells (aAVC) consisting of human HEK293 embryonic kidney cells stably transfected with the natural killer T (NKT) immune cell receptor CD1d, loaded with the CD1d ligand α-GalCer and then transfected with antigen-encoding mRNA. When administered to mice or dogs, these aAVC-activated invariant NKT (iNKT) cells elicited antigen-specific T-cell responses with no adverse events. In parallel experiments, using NOD/SCID/IL-2rγc(null)-immunodeficient (hDC-NOG) mouse model, we also showed that the human melanoma antigen, MART-1, expressed by mRNA transfected aAVCs can be cross-presented to antigen-specific T cells by human dendritic cells. Antigen-specific T-cell responses elicited and expanded by aAVCs were verified as functional in tumor immunity. Our results support the clinical development of aAVCs to harness innate and adaptive immunity for effective cancer immunotherapy.
THE 40-HOUR WEEK AND SHORTAGE SPECIALTIES
Authors: G.M. Addison, D.P. Bentley, A.R. Gibbs, R.D. Hutton, M. Khurshid, S. Mayne, A. Napier, D.H. Parry, K.B. Robinson, E.M. Spiers, E.G.D. Tuddenham, C. Anand, J.S. Dinnen, G.J. Griffiths, D.H.M. Joynson, J. Marples, G.R. Melville-Jones, E. Owen, D.J. Reynolds, A. Slater, R.J. Thompson, D.A. White
Journal: The Lancet (1975)
Plasma immunoreactive gamma melanotropin in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, aldosterone-producing adenomas, and essential hypertension.
Authors: G T Griffing, B Berelowitz, M Hudson, R Salzman, J A Manson, S Aurrechia, J C Melby, R C Pedersen, A C Brownie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

A non-ACTH aldosterone-stimulating factor(s) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Although this factor has not been fully characterized, some evidence suggests that it may be related to a pro-gamma-melanotropin (pro-gamma-MSH), derived from the NH2-terminal region of pro-opiomelanocortin. In the present study, plasma immunoreactive (IR-) gamma-MSH levels at 0800 h in patients with IHA were evaluated (90 +/- 17 fmol/ml; range: 13-173 fmol/ml) and found to be significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those in subjects with aldosterone-producing adenomas (33 +/- 8 fmol/ml), essential hypertension (33 +/- 6 fmol/ml), and normotensive controls (19 +/- 2 fmol/ml). Seven of nine IHA subjects had circulating IR-gamma-MSH levels above the normal range (greater than 35 fmol/ml). In plasmas sampled at 1200 h, IR-gamma-MSH was significantly higher in patients with IHA (95 +/- 26 fmol/ml) and adenomas (63 +/- 23 fmol/ml), as compared with essential hypertensives (31 +/- 6 fmol/ml) and normotensives (19 +/- 3 fmol/ml). Mean plasma IR-ACTH, plasma cortisol, and urinary cortisol levels did not differ significantly between any of these groups. In order to evaluate the effect of a pro-gamma-MSH in vitro, adrenal adenoma tissue was obtained from two patients, one with elevated IR-gamma-MSH (61 fmol/ml) and a second with low IR-gamma-MSH (12 fmol/ml). Aldosterone secretion by dispersed adenoma cells from the former, but not the latter, underwent a fourfold dose-dependent (10(-14)-10(-9) M) increase in response to human Lys-gamma 3-MSH. These data suggest that a pro-gamma-MSH may be implicated as a pathogenic factor in a subset of patients with primary aldosteronism, particularly among those differentially diagnosed as having IHA.
Dual Effects of Hypertonicity on Aquaporin-2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells
Authors: Udo Hasler, Manlio Vinciguerra, Alain Vandewalle, Pierre-Yves Martin, Eric Féraille
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The driving force for renal water reabsorption is provided by the osmolarity gradient between the interstitium and the tubular lumen, which is subject to rapid physiologic variations as a consequence of water intake fluctuations. The effect of increased extracellular tonicity/osmolarity on vasopressin-inducible aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in immortalized mouse collecting duct principal cells (mpkCCD(cl4)) is investigated in this report. Increasing the osmolarity of the medium either by the addition of NaCl, sucrose, or urea first decreased AQP2 expression after 3 h. AQP2 expression then increased in cells exposed to NaCl- or sucrose-supplemented hypertonic medium after longer periods of time (24 h), while urea-supplemented hyperosmotic medium had no effect. Altered AQP2 expression induced by both short-term (3 h) and long-term (24 h) exposure of cells to hypertonicity arose from changes in AQP2 gene transcription because hypertonicity did not modify AQP2 mRNA stability nor AQP2 protein turnover. On the long-term, vasopressin (AVP) and hypertonicity increased AQP2 expression in a synergistic manner. Hypertonicity altered neither the dose-responsiveness of AVP-induced AQP2 expression nor cAMP-protein kinase (PKA) activity, while PKA inhibition did not reduce the extent of the hypertonicity-induced increase of AQP2 expression. These results indicate that in collecting duct principal cells: (1) a short-term increase of extracellular osmolarity decreases AQP2 expression through inhibition of AQP2 gene transcription; (2) a long-term increase of extracellular tonicity, but not osmolarity, enhances AQP2 expression via stimulation of AQP2 gene transcription; and (3) long-term hypertonicity and PKA increases AQP2 expression through synergistic but independent mechanisms.
Interval faecal occult blood testing in a colonoscopy based screening programme detects additional pathology
Authors: P A Bampton
Journal: Gut (2005)

Colonoscopic based surveillance is recommended for patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer. The appropriate interval between surveillance colonoscopies remains in debate, as is the "miss rate" for colorectal cancer within such screening programmes.The main aim of this study was to determine whether a one-off interval faecal occult blood test (FOBT) facilitates the detection of significant neoplasia within a colonoscopic based surveillance programme. Secondary aims were to determine if invitees were interested in participating in interval screening, and to determine whether interval lesions were missed or whether they developed rapidly since the previous colonoscopyPatients enrolled in a colonoscopic based screening programme due to a personal history of colorectal neoplasia or a significant family history.Patients within the screening programme were invited to perform an immunochemical FOBT (Inform). A positive result was followed by colonoscopy; significant neoplasia was defined as colorectal cancer, adenomas either > or =10 mm or with a villous component, high grade dysplasia, or multiplicity (>/=3 adenomas). Participation rates were determined for age, sex, and socioeconomic subgroups. Colonoscopy recall databases were examined to determine the interval between previous colonoscopy and FOBT offer, and correlations between lesion characteristics and interval time were determined.A total of 785 of 1641 patients invited (47.8%) completed an Inform kit. A positive result was recorded for 57 (7.3%). Fifty two of the 57 test positive patients completed colonoscopy; 14 (1.8% of those completing the FOBT) had a significant neoplastic lesion. These consisted of six colorectal cancers and eight significant adenomas.A one off immunochemical faecal occult blood test within a colonoscopy based surveillance programme had a participation rate of nearly 50% and appeared to detect additional pathology, especially in patients with a past history of colonic neoplasia.
Evidence for the polyclonal nature of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver by the study of X-chromosome inactivation
Authors: V Paradis, A Laurent, J Flejou, M Vidaud, P Bedossa
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver is a benign tumor commonly considered as a reactive disorder related to a pre-existing vascular malformation. However, the pathogenesis of this lesion has been recently discussed. To determine whether FNH is a polyclonal or a clonal lesion, we investigated the inactivation pattern of the X chromosome, using molecular genetic analysis of the DNA methylation pattern at a polymorphic site on the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA). Fifteen FNH were studied, and results were compared with those obtained from 7 hepatic adenomas (HA) and 2 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). DNA was extracted from both lesional and nonlesional livers, fixed, and paraffin-embedded. To assess the methylation pattern, we used a quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure that allows for the accurate measurement of the peak intensities of each allele. Three patients were noninformative because they were homozygous at the HUMARA locus. According to the threshold for monoclonality established by a titration curve, all FNH showed a random pattern of X-chromosome inactivation consistent with a polyclonal lesion. In contrast, all but 1 hepatic adenoma and all hepatocellular carcinomas were clonal, as shown by the nonrandom pattern of X-chromosome inactivation observed in these cases. In conclusion, these results suggest that FNH should be considered as a reactive disorder rather than as a tumoral proliferation. Discordant results recently observed in the literature could be at least in part explained by methodological differences in the PCR procedure.
Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk and Risk Reduction in Jewish <i>BRCA1/2</i> Mutation Carriers
Authors: Brian S. Finkelman, Wendy S. Rubinstein, Sue Friedman, Tara M. Friebel, Shera Dubitsky, Niecee Singer Schonberger, Rochelle Shoretz, Christian F. Singer, Joanne L. Blum, Nadine Tung, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Henry T. Lynch, Carrie Snyder, Judy E. Garber, Joellen Schildkraut, Mary B. Daly, Claudine Isaacs, Gabrielle Pichert, Susan L. Neuhausen, Fergus J. Couch, Laura van't Veer, Rosalind Eeles, Elizabeth Bancroft, D. Gareth Evans, Patricia A. Ganz, Gail E. Tomlinson, Steven A. Narod, Ellen Matloff, Susan Domchek, Timothy R. Rebbeck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Mutations in BRCA1/2 dramatically increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancers. Three mutations in these genes (185delAG, 5382insC, and 6174delT) occur at high frequency in Ashkenazi Jews. We evaluated how these common Jewish mutations (CJMs) affect cancer risks and risk reduction.
Application of DNA polymorphisms for prenatal diagnosis of β thalassemia in chinese
Authors: Vivian Chan, T. K. Chan, A. Ghosh, L. C. Wong, H. K. Ma, Y. W. Kan, D. Todd
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Forty‐seven Chinese suffering from β thalassemia major and their parents were studied to establish linkage of the β thal and β A genes with 11 restriction site polymorphisms. There is marked linkage disequilibrium at the BamH I site 3′ to the β globin gene, such that, in 31% of pregnancies, absence of the site in the fetus can exclude β thalassemia major. Using four restriction sites (Hinc II β, Ava II β, Hind III β, and BamH I β), prenatal diagnosis is feasible in all families. In 46% of all cases, a definitive diagnosis can be made, and in the remaining cases, a 50% chance of exclusion is possible. Fetal blood globin chain analysis would be required for the failures. Our experience in nine successive β thalassemia prenatal diagnosis is also reported.
Kahn Tube Test with Dropping-pipettes
Authors: O. Khairat
Journal: BMJ (1952)

A simple method of treating adduction fractures, and abduction fractures which have disimpacted, of the femoral neck is described.The results appear to be satisfactory according to modern standards.Bone graft- ing was not carried out in any case.In those cases in which the nailing operation failed, further surgical intervention was not undertaken because of the age of the patients and their general condition.We are indebted to Sister Pinfield, the sister of the ward in which most of these patients were treated; to our anaesthetist, Dr. R. E; Gibson ; and to Miss Savin and her all-too-small band of physiotherapists for any success we may have achieved in the management of this series of fractures.
Regarding incorrect allergy injections: Allergists' experiences and recommendations for prevention
Authors: Julian Melamed, Wilfred Beaucher, Li Liang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)

for this.Multidata recommends 10003 for spores because as Smith 3 tells us, ''The ( 10003) is usually used for oil immersion examination of fungal spores as it makes them more distinct and makes visible many of the small, colorless, transparent spores that would otherwise be not seen at all.''Another Multidata citation 4 points out that Ganoderma species basidiospores will be grossly underestimated by using a rotational impaction versus a slit suction sampler.Enumerating fungal spores in a small sample area at less than 10003 by using a sampler that does not collect small particles efficiently might skew the numbers for basidiospores and ascospores listed in Table IV.It might not be appropriate to use spore counts from rotational impaction air samplers in health effects studies.