tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Adaptation of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in the Murine Host
Authors: Fang Ting Liang, F. Kenneth Nelson, Erol Fikrig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

An analysis of expression of 137 lipoprotein genes on the course of murine infection revealed a two-step molecular adaptation by Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete. For the first step, regardless whether the initial inocula of B. burgdorferi expressed either all (cultured spirochetes) or less than 40 (host-adapted spirochetes) of the 137 lipoprotein genes, the spirochetes were modulated to transcribe 116 of the genes within 10 d after being introduced to the murine host. This step of adaptation was induced by the microenvironment of the host tissue. During the second step, which was forced by host immune selection pressure and occurred between 17 and 30 d after infection, B. burgdorferi down-regulated most of the lipoprotein genes and expressed less than 40 of the 137 genes. This novel adaptation mechanism could be a critical step for B. burgdorferi to proceed to chronic infection, as the pathogen would be cleared at the early stage of infection if the spirochetes failed to undergo this process.
Depressive Symptoms, Race, and Glucose Concentrations
Authors: Stephen H. Boyle, Richard S. Surwit, Anastasia Georgiades, Beverly H. Brummett, Michael J. Helms, Redford B. Williams, John C. Barefoot
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

This study examined the associations of depressive symptoms with glucose concentrations and morning cortisol levels in 665 African-American and 4,216 Caucasian Vietnam-era veterans.
Acropathia ulcero-mutilans acquisita of the upper limbs
Authors: None VANHOOTEGHEM, None LATEUR, None HAUTECOEUR, None WIART
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Acropathia ulcero‐mutilans acquisita of the upper limbs Get access O. VANHOOTEGHEM, O. VANHOOTEGHEM Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Saint‐Pierre, 129 Boulevard de Waterloo, B‐1000 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. LATEUR, N. LATEUR Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Saint‐Pierre, 129 Boulevard de Waterloo, B‐1000 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. HAUTECOEUR, P. HAUTECOEUR Departments of Neurology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. WIART T. WIART Dermatology and Venereology, Saint‐Philibert Hospital, 115 rue du Grand But, F‐59469 Lomme cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 2, 1 February 1999, Pages 334–337, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02671.x Published: 01 February 1999
SUCCESSFUL SUICIDE IN A PATIENT WITH CONVERSION REACTION
Authors: JAMES H. SATTERFIELD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

A patient with conversion reaction who demonstrated typical symptoms for this illness (la belle indifference, spells of aphonia, paralysis, anesthesia and many other unexplained symptoms) is presented. This case illustrates that successful suicide in a patient with conversion reaction, although rare, does occur. This case also suggests two dangers in the management of conversion reaction patients. The first danger is that the physician may be so impressed with the multiple hysterical symptoms that he may not pay enough attention to depressive symptoms and underlying depression. The second danger is that these patients may intend to make only a suicide gesture and in so doing commit unintentional but successful suicide as may have occurred in the above case.
Fractal behaviour of heart rate variability reflects abnormal respiration patterns in OSAS patients
Authors: Alberto De Felice, Giovanni D'Addio, Mario Cesarelli, Giovanni Balzano, Agostino Accardo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Although heart rate variability (HRV) decreasing has been usually described in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), some studies have recently questioned the validity of spectral HRV analysis in presence of respiratory and arrhythmic disorders. Fractal analysis (F) of HRV is an emerging nonlinear technique overcoming these limitations and allowing short term HRV assessment during hypo/apnea phases. This is one of the first studies on F-features in sleep apnea and its aim is to find out whether and to which extend F-HRV reflects abnormal respiration patterns in OSAS. We studied 30 polysomnographic recordings (PR) of severe OSAS (AHI≥30) pts. (age 55±9) and 10 PR of normal subjects (age 46±4). Hypo/apnea phases and related beat-to-beat time series have been detected and classified by automated algorithms and manually verified by expert technicians. F-analysis has been performed by Huiguchi fractal dimension alghoritm (FD), separately for normal breath (NB), hypopneas (HY), obstructive (OS) and mixed (MX) apneas epochs. Results showed that while FD does not significantly (Mann Whitney test P>0.05) differ between Normals (1.61±0.09) and NB epochs in OSAS pts., it significantly (Friedman test p
Long-term follow-up after deferral of percutaneous coronary intervention of in-stent restenosis on the basis of coronary pressure measurement
Authors: Koichi Tamita, Motoaki Ibuki, Atsushi Yamamuro, Tsutomu Takagi, Kazuaki Tanabe, Kunihiko Nagai, Tomoko Tani, Kenji Yamabe, Minako Katayama, Shigefumi Morioka, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Insights on the HLA-G Evolutionary History Provided by a Nearby Alu Insertion
Authors: K. E. Santos, T. H. A. Lima, L. P. Felicio, J. D. Massaro, G. M. Palomino, A. C. A. Silva, S. F. Oliveira, A. Sabbagh, A. Garcia, P. Moreau, E. A. Donadi, C. T. Mendes-Junior, E. C. Castelli
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

The AluyHG element belongs to the AluYb8 subfamily. It is a polymorphic insertion, located approximately 20 kb from the HLA-G 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), which has been used for evolution studies because it exhibits identity for descendants and it is still polymorphic in the human genome. To understand the evolutionary mechanisms acting on HLA-G, we evaluated the presence or absence of the AluyHG element, associating this variable site with others observed at HLA-G coding, 3′-UTR, or both regions in four distinct populations (Brazilian, French, Congolese, and Senegalese). The results were compared with the 1000Genomes Consortium data. The worldwide AluyHG frequencies showed an increment, starting lower in Africa and increasing following distance and time of human dispersion out of Africa. The same haplotype pattern was observed in all populations, indicating that most of the HLA-G haplotypes already detected were originated earlier in Africa, before Homo sapiens dispersion. The AluyHG insertion was associated with the G*01:01:01:01/UTR-1 haplotype, with rare recombinants. Despite its high frequency in worldwide populations, the G*01:01:01:01/UTR-1 haplotype should be very recent. The low frequency of recombinants indicates that the rate of recombination at the HLA-G gene is very low.
Body composition changes in chronic hemodialysis patients before and after hemodialysis as assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Evangelos Georgiou, Kyriakos Virvidakis, Gerasimos Douskas, Irene Lambrinoudaki, Sonia Voudiklari, Spyros Katsoudas, Theodoros Mountokalakis, Charalambos Proukakis
Journal: Metabolism (1997)
Antioxidants Inhibit Nuclear Export of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Delay Replicative Senescence of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Judith Haendeler, Jörg Hoffmann, J. Florian Diehl, Mariuca Vasa, Ioakim Spyridopoulos, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Aging is associated with a rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a loss of telomerase reverse transcriptase activity. Incubation with H 2 O 2 induced the nuclear export of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) into the cytosol in a Src-family kinase–dependent manner. Therefore, we investigated the hypothesis that age-related increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) may induce the nuclear export of TERT and contribute to endothelial cell senescence. Continuous cultivation of endothelial cells resulted in an increased endogenous formation of ROS starting after 29 population doublings (PDL). This increase was accompanied by mitochondrial DNA damage and preceded the onset of replicative senescence at PDL 37. Along with the enhanced formation of ROS, we detected an export of nuclear TERT protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm and an activation of the Src-kinase. Moreover, the induction of premature senescence by low concentrations of H 2 O 2 was completely blocked with the Src-family kinase inhibitor PP2, suggesting a crucial role for Src-family kinases in the induction of endothelial cell aging. Incubation with the antioxidant N -acetylcysteine, from PDL 26, reduced the intracellular ROS formation and prevented mitochondrial DNA damage. Likewise, nuclear export of TERT protein, loss in the overall TERT activity, and the onset of replicative senescence were delayed by incubation with N -acetylcysteine. Low doses of the statin, atorvastatin (0.1 μmol/L), had also effects similar to those of N -acetylcysteine. We conclude that both antioxidants and statins can delay the onset of replicative senescence by counteracting the increased ROS production linked to aging of endothelial cells.
Effect of helper T cells on the primary in vitro production of delayed-type hypersensitivity to influenza virus.
Authors: K N Leung, G L Ada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Injection of mice with infectious or noninfectious preparations of influenza virus induces the formation of T cells which, when added to primary tissue cultures of normal spleen cells exposed to influenza virus, enhance the generation of effector T cells which mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. The enhancing cells possess Thy-1 and Ly-1 surface antigens are radioresistant and antigen-specific. If infectious virus was used to stimulate the DTH response in vitro, help was delivered whether homologous or heterologous A strain influenza virus was used to generate the helper T cells (Th) in vivo. In contrast, only Th cells generated using homologous virus were effective if noninfectious virus was used to stimulate the DTH response in vitro. Peak helper activity occurred 2 d after virus injection and the Th cells were only effective if added to the primary cultures within 24 h after addition of the stimulating antigen. The Th cells enhanced the generation of both classes of DTH effector cells, i.e., those that are Ly-1 positive and IA-subregion restricted and those that are Ly-2,3 positive and K,D-region restricted. The activity of the Th cells was found to be IA-subregion restricted and this was shown to operate at the level of the stimulator cells so that the delivery of help to the responder cells was not H-2 restricted. The possibility that the Th cells might be a precursor to the Ly-1 positive IA subregion-restricted DTH effector cells is discussed.
Mitochondrial Uncoupling and the Warburg Effect: Molecular Basis for the Reprogramming of Cancer Cell Metabolism
Authors: Ismael Samudio, Michael Fiegl, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The precise mitochondrial alterations that underlie the increased dependence of cancer cells on aerobic glycolysis for energy generation have remained a mystery. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial uncoupling-the abrogation of ATP synthesis in response to mitochondrial membrane potential-promotes the Warburg effect in leukemia cells, and may contribute to chemoresistance. Intriguingly, leukemia cells cultured on bone marrow-derived stromal feeder layers are more resistant to chemotherapy, increase the expression of uncoupling protein 2, and decrease the entry of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle-without compromising the consumption of oxygen, suggesting a shift to the oxidation of nonglucose carbon sources to maintain mitochondrial integrity and function. Because fatty acid oxidation has been linked to chemoresistance and mitochondrial uncoupling, it is tempting to speculate that Warburg's observations may indeed be the result of the preferential oxidation of fatty acids by cancer cell mitochondria. Therefore, targeting fatty acid oxidation or anaplerotic pathways that support fatty acid oxidation may provide additional therapeutic tools for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies.
Release of neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline from the human heart after aortic occlusion during coronary artery surgery
Authors: A. Franco-Cereceda, A. Owall, G. Settergren, A. Sollevi, J. M Lundberg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim was to study the influence of complete myocardial ischaemia during aortic occlusion on release of neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline from the human myocardium.Coronary sinus neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline were measured after 46(SEM 7) min of aortic occlusion with cold cardioplegia in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Patients - Seven patients (all male), aged 64(SEM 3) years, were studied. All were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.Reperfusion was associated with an increase in coronary sinus blood flow as determined by thermodilution. Simultaneously there was cardiac release of both neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline during the first two sampling periods: 3(0.6) and 7(0.6) min after the start of reperfusion. The outflow of neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline returned to preischaemic values by 14(1) min after reperfusion. Coronary sinus blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations were also increased at the start of reperfusion, while the lactate/pyruvate ratio remained unchanged. Myocardial oxygen uptake was not influenced by cardiac ischaemia.Ischaemia of the human heart in vivo is associated with an enhanced outflow of neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline from the heart. Since arterial blood concentrations of these substances were also increased on reperfusion, their release is probably due to increased sympathetic nerve activity, though other mechanisms such as temperature change and local metabolite formation could also participate. Local release of neuropeptide Y during cardiac ischaemia may be involved in the regulation of coronary vascular tone as well as in the release of noradrenaline and acetylcholine.
Studies of synaptic elimination identify an intersection of neurocomputational and neurodevelopmental perspectives
Authors: Ralph E. Hoffman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

In order to reach a better understanding of brain function, conceptual synergies linking empirical neurobiological studies and neurocomputational studies should be pursued. I describe an example of a potential synergy based on studies of neural network pruning. Simulations demonstrate that selective elimination of connections enhances the computational capacity of networks capable of temporal processing. These findings may shed light on the functional significance of postnatal neuro-developmental pruning of cortical connections that occurs in mammals.
Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection: Does It Still Have a Role in the Management of Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Testis Cancer? A European Perspective
Authors: Jens J. Rassweiler, Walter Scheitlin, Axel Heidenreich, M. Pilar Laguna, Günter Janetschek
Journal: European Urology (2008)
So rare we need to hunt for them: reframing the ethical debate on incidental findings
Authors: Sebastian Schuol, Christoph Schickhardt, Stefan Wiemann, Claus R. Bartram, Klaus Tanner, Roland Eils, Benjamin Meder, Daniela Richter, Hanno Glimm, Christof von Kalle, Eva C. Winkler
Journal: Genome Medicine (2015)

Incidental findings are the subject of intense ethical debate in medical genomic research. Every human genome contains a number of potentially disease-causing alterations that may be detected during comprehensive genetic analyses to investigate a specific condition. Yet available evidence shows that the frequency of incidental findings in research is much lower than expected. In this Opinion, we argue that the reason for the low level of incidental findings is that the filtering techniques and methods that are applied during the routine handling of genomic data remove these alterations. As incidental findings are systematically filtered out, it is now time to evaluate whether the ethical debate is focused on the right issues. We conclude that the key question is whether to deliberately target and search for disease-causing variations outside the indication that has originally led to the genetic analysis, for instance by using positive lists and algorithms.
Coronary Circulation in the Conscious Dog with Cardiac Neural Ablation
Authors: Donald E. Gregg, Edward M. Khouri, David E. Donald, Howard S. Lowensohn, Stanislaw Pasyk
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The left coronary circulation at rest and during its response to natural stresses was studied in five conscious dogs whose hearts had been externally denervated (stripping technique). The values were compared to those obtained under similar conditions in normal dogs of comparable weight and training. A high degree of hyperemia after temporary circumflex occlusion and a coronary flow pattern with a dominant diastolic component under the different conditions were similar to that of the normal dog. At rest, circumflex flow and myocardial oxygen use were only about half the values obtained in the normal dog. In moderate exercise, the rise of circumflex flow was delayed 10-30 seconds, being always preceded by an elevation of stroke volume. In excitement, the increase in circumflex flow was delayed 7-12 seconds, and this was also generally preceded by a rise in stroke volume. The large rise of coronary flow in exercise was associated with a marked increase in myocardial blood oxygen extraction; in excitement, coronary flow also rose greatly but oxygen extraction decreased markedly. Although these trends during natural stress states were similar to those found in the normal dog, the maximum coronary flow and myocardial oxygen use were no more than half those found in the normal dog for an equivalent stress. The addition of beta-receptor blockade still further reduced the coronary responses to these natural stresses. Thus the denervated heart appears to function at a lower metabolic level than the heart with intact cardiac nerves.
Mitochondrial Mutations Contribute to HIF1α Accumulation via Increased Reactive Oxygen Species and Up-regulated Pyruvate Dehydrogenease Kinase 2 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wenyue Sun, Shaoyu Zhou, Steven S. Chang, Thomas McFate, Ajay Verma, Joseph A. Califano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Mitochondrial mutations have been identified in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the pathways by which phenotypic effects of these mutations are exerted remain unclear. Previously, we found that mitochondrial ND2 mutations in primary HNSCC increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and conferred an aerobic, glycolytic phenotype with HIF1α accumulation and increased cell growth. The purpose of the present study was to examine the pathways relating these alterations. Experimental Design: Mitochondrial mutant and wild-type ND2 constructs were transfected into oral keratinocyte immortal cell line OKF6 and head and neck cancer cell line JHU-O19 and established transfectants. The protein levels of HIF1α, pyruvate dehydrogenease (PDH), phosphorylated PDH, and pyruvate dehydrogenease kinase 2 (PDK2), together with ROS generation, were compared between the mutant and the wild type. Meanwhile, the effects of small molecule inhibitors targeting PDK2 and mitochondria-targeted catalase were evaluated on the ND2 mutant transfectants. Results: We determined that ND2 mutant down-regulated PDH expression via up-regulated PDK2, with an increase in phosphorylated PDH. Inhibition of PDK2 with dichloroacetate decreased HIF1α accumulation and reduced cell growth. Extracellular treatment with hydrogen peroxide, a ROS mimic, increased PDK2 expression and HIF1α expression, and introduction of mitochondria-targeted catalase decreased mitochondrial mutation-mediated PDK2 and HIF1α expression and suppressed cell growth. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mitochondrial ND2 mutation contributes to HIF1α accumulation via increased ROS production, up-regulation of PDK2, attenuating PDH activity, thereby increasing pyruvate, resulting in HIF1α stabilization. This may provide insight into a potential mechanism, by which mitochondrial mutations contribute to HNSCC development.
Cotreatment with Vorinostat (Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid) Enhances Activity of Dasatinib (BMS-354825) against Imatinib Mesylate–Sensitive or Imatinib Mesylate–Resistant Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
Authors: Warren Fiskus, Michael Pranpat, Maria Balasis, Purva Bali, Veronica Estrella, Sandhya Kumaraswamy, Rekha Rao, Kathy Rocha, Bryan Herger, Francis Lee, Victoria Richon, Kapil Bhalla
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: We determined the effects of vorinostat [suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)] and/or dasatinib, a dual Abl/Src kinase (tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, on the cultured human (K562 and LAMA-84) or primary chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells, as well as on the murine pro-B BaF3 cells with ectopic expression of the unmutated and kinase domain-mutant forms of Bcr-Abl. Experimental Design: Following exposure to dasatinib and/or vorinostat, apoptosis, loss of clonogenic survival, as well as the activity and levels of Bcr-Abl and its downstream signaling proteins were determined. Results: Treatment with dasatinib attenuated the levels of autophosphorylated Bcr-Abl, p-CrkL, phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (p-STAT5), p-c-Src, and p-Lyn; inhibited the activity of Lyn and c-Src; and induced apoptosis of the cultured CML cells. Combined treatment of cultured human CML and BaF3 cells with vorinostat and dasatinib induced more apoptosis than either agent alone, as well as synergistically induced loss of clonogenic survival, which was associated with greater depletion of Bcr-Abl, p-CrkL, and p-STAT5 levels. Cotreatment with dasatinib and vorinostat also attenuated the levels of Bcr-AblE255K and Bcr-AblT315I and induced apoptosis of BaF3 cells with ectopic expression of the mutant forms of Bcr-Abl. Finally, cotreatment of the primary CML cells with vorinostat and dasatinib induced more loss of cell viability and depleted Bcr-Abl or Bcr-AblT315I, p-STAT5, and p-CrkL levels than either agent alone. Conclusions: As shown here, the preclinical in vitro activity of vorinostat and dasatinib against cultured and primary CML cells supports the in vivo testing of the combination in imatinib mesylate–sensitive and imatinib mesylate–resistant CML cells.