tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concerted transpositions of mobile genetic elements coupled with fitness changes in Drosophila melanogaster.
Authors: E G Pasyukova, E S Belyaeva, G L Kogan, L Z Kaidanov, V A Gvozdev
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1986)

In an inbred low-activity (LA) strain of Drosophila melanogaster with a low level of fitness and a complex of inadaptive characters, in situ hybridization reveals an invariant pattern of distribution of three copia-like elements (mdg-1, mdg-3, and copia). Rare, spontaneous, multiple transpositions of mobile elements in the LA strain were shown to be coupled with a drastic increase of fitness. A changed pattern of various types of mobile elements was also observed on selecting the LA strain for higher fitness. High-fitness strains show transpositions of mobile elements to definite chromosomal sites ("hot spots"). Concerted changes in the location of three different mobile elements were found to be coupled with an increase of fitness. The mdg-1 distribution patterns were also examined in two low-fitness strains independently selected from the high-fitness ones. Fitness decrease was accompanied by mdg-1 excision from the hot spots of their location usually detected in the high-fitness strains. The results suggest the existence of a system of adaptive transpositions of mobile elements that takes part in fitness control.
Frequency of Debridements and Time to Heal
Authors: James R. Wilcox, Marissa J. Carter, Scott Covington
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Chronic wounds usually get trapped in the inflammatory stage of wound healing; however, aggressive debridement transforms chronic wounds to acute wounds and therefore complete healing.To investigate healing outcomes and debridement frequency in a large wound data set.Retrospective cohort study.Data collected from 525 wound care centers from June 1, 2008, through June 31, 2012, using a web-based clinical management system.Referred sample of 154 644 patients with 312 744 wounds of all causes (of an initial data set of 364 534 wounds) participated. A total of 47.1% were male. Median age was 69 years (age range, 19-112 years), with 59.2% having one wound. Eligibility criteria included age older than 18 years, receiving at least 1 debridement, and having been discharged from the system. Advanced therapeutic treatment was ineligible. Because of incomplete, questionable, or ineligible data, 57 190 wounds were not included. Most wounds were diabetic foot ulcers (19.0%), venous leg ulcers (26.1%), and pressure ulcers (16.2%).Debridement (removal of necrotic tissue and foreign bodies from the wound) at different frequencies.Wound healing (completely epithelialized with dimensions at 0 × 0 × 0 cm).A total of 70.8% of wounds healed. The median number of debridements was 2 (range, 1-138). Frequent debridement healed more wounds in a shorter time (P < .001). In regression analysis, significant variables included male sex, physician category, wound type, increased patient age, and increased wound age, area, and depth. The odds ratio varied considerably for each variable.The more frequent the debridements, the better the healing outcome. Although limited by retrospective data, this study's strength was the analysis of the largest wound data set to date.
THE CULTURAL PROBLEM : PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN TAHITI
Authors: ERIC BERNE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

This is the third of a series of papers on the psychiatry of the South Pacific. The present study includes all known hospitalized psychiatric cases in French Oceania, together with some historical notes. Cultural factors were of negligible significance at the clinical level. The current emphasis on such factors is interpreted as an attempt to find a successor to such scapegoats as devils, autointoxication, tubercle bacilli, economic conditions, Ietc., as etiological agents in psychiatry. This emphasis is most likely an outcome of the nostalgic illusions of the Golden Age, the Blessed Isle, or the Favored Class, which was or is free of psychiatric disorders. Observations in 30 different countries indicate that the reservoir of psychopathology is of the same order in every large population the world over.
Cancer Statistics, 2003
Authors: A. Jemal, T. Murray, A. Samuels, A. Ghafoor, E. Ward, M. J. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2003)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year, and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by using incidence data from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Incidence and death rates are age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. In the year 2003, we estimate that 1,334,100 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed, and 556,500 people will die from cancer in the United States. Age-adjusted cancer death rates declined in both males and females in the 1990s, though the magnitude of decline is substantially higher in males than in females. In contrast, incidence rates continued to increase in females while stabilizing in males. African-American males showed the largest decline for mortality. However, African Americans still carry the highest burden of cancer with diagnosis of cancer at a later stage and poorer survival within each stage compared with Whites. In spite of the continued decline in cancer death rates in the most recent time period, the total number of recorded cancer deaths in the United States continues to increase slightly due to the aging and expanding population.
DNA Replication Induces Compositional Biases in Yeast
Authors: M.-C. Marsolier-Kergoat, A. Goldar
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Asymmetries intrinsic to the process of DNA replication are expected to cause differences in the substitution patterns of the leading and the lagging strands and to induce compositional biases. These biases have been detected in the majority of eubacterial genomes but rarely in eukaryotes. Only in the human genome, the activity of a minority of replication origins seems to generate compositional biases. In this work, we provide evidence for replication-associated GC and TA skews in the genomes of two yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis, whereas the data for the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome are less conclusive. In contrast with the genomes of Homo sapiens and of the majority of eubacteria, the leading strand is enriched in cytosine and adenine in both S. cerevisiae and K. lactis. We observed significant variations across the interorigin intervals of several substitution rates in the S. cerevisiae lineage since its divergence from S. paradoxus. We also found that the S. cerevisiae genome is far from compositional equilibrium and that its present compositional biases are due to substitution rates operating before its divergence from S. paradoxus. Finally, we observed that replication and transcription tend to be cooriented in the S. cerevisiae genome, especially for genes encoding subunits of protein complexes. Taken together, our results suggest that replication-related compositional biases may be a feature of many eukaryotic genomes despite the stochastic nature of the firing of replication origins in these genomes.
Investigation of the molecular profile of basal cell carcinoma using whole genome microarrays.
Authors: Lorraine O'Driscoll, Jason McMorrow, Padraig Doolan, Eadaoin McKiernan, Jai Mehta, Eoin Ryan, Patrick Gammell, Helena Joyce, Norma O'Donovan, Nicholas Walsh, Martin Clynes
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2006)

Skin cancer accounts for 1/3 of all newly diagnosed cancer. Although seldom fatal, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is associated with severe disfigurement and morbidity. BCC has a unique interest for researchers, as although it is often locally invasive, it rarely metastasises. This paper, reporting the first whole genome expression microarray analysis of skin cancer, aimed to investigate the molecular profile of BCC in comparison to non-cancerous skin biopsies. RNA from BCC and normal skin specimens was analysed using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays. A Welch t-test was applied to data normalised using dCHIP to identify significant differentially-expressed genes between BCC and normal specimens. Principal component analysis and support vector machine analysis were performed on resulting genelists, Genmapp was used to identify pathways affected, and GOstat aided identification of areas of gene ontology more highly represented on these lists than would be expected by chance. Following normalisation, specimens clustered into groups of BCC specimens and of normal skin specimens. Of the 54,675 gene transcripts/variants analysed, 3,921 were differentially expressed between BCC and normal skin specimens. Of these, 2,108 were significantly up-regulated and 1,813 were statistically significantly down-regulated in BCCs. Functional gene sets differentially expressed include those involved in transcription, proliferation, cell motility, apoptosis and metabolism. As expected, members of the Wnt and hedgehog pathways were found to be significantly different between BCC and normal specimens, as were many previously undescribed changes in gene expression between normal and BCC specimens, including basonuclin2 and mrp9. Quantitative-PCR analysis confirmed our microarray results, identifying novel potential biomarkers for BCC.
Systematic review: monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor α agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD
Authors: Parambir S Dulai, Corey A Siegel, Jean-Frederic Colombel, William J Sandborn, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Journal: Gut (2014)

The HIV capsid is a multifunctional protein capsule for delivery of the viral genetic material into the nucleus of the target cell. Host cell proteins bind to a number of repeating binding sites on the capsid to regulate steps in the replication cycle. Here we develop a fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy method using self-assembled capsid particles as the bait to screen for fluorescence-labelled capsid-binding analytes (‘prey’ molecules) in solution. The assay capitalizes on the property of the HIV capsid as a multivalent interaction platform, facilitating high sensitivity detection of multiple prey molecules that have accumulated onto capsids as spikes in fluorescence intensity traces. By using a scanning stage, we reduced the measurement time to 10 s without compromising on sensitivity, providing a rapid binding assay for screening libraries of potential capsid interactors. The assay can also identify interfaces for host molecule binding by using capsids with defects in known interaction interfaces. Two-color coincidence detection using fluorescent capsid as bait further allows quantification of binding levels and determination of binding affinities. Overall, the assay provides new tools for discovery and characterization of molecules used by HIV capsid to orchestrate infection. The measurement principle can be extended for the development of sensitive interaction assays utilizing natural or synthetic multivalent scaffolds as analyte-binding platforms.
Elevated Expression of A3 Adenosine Receptors in Human Colorectal Cancer Is Reflected in Peripheral Blood Cells
Authors: Stefania Gessi, Elena Cattabriga, Arianna Avitabile, Roberta Gafa’, Giovanni Lanza, Luigi Cavazzini, Nicoletta Bianchi, Roberto Gambari, Carlo Feo, Alberto Liboni, Sergio Gullini, Edward Leung, Stephen Mac-Lennan, Pier Andrea Borea
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside that accumulates at high levels in hypoxic regions of solid tumors, and A3 adenosine receptors have been recently demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the adenosine-mediated inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. In the present work, we addressed the question of the putative relevance of A3 subtypes in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Experimental Design: Seventy-three paired samples of tumor and surrounding peritumoral normal mucosa at a distance of 2 and 10 cm from the tumor and blood samples obtained from a cohort of 30 patients with colorectal cancer were investigated to determine the presence of A3 receptors by means of binding, immunocytochemistry, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies. Results: As measured by receptor binding assays, the density of A3 receptor was higher in colon carcinomas as compared with normal mucosa originating from the same individuals (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Overexpression of A3 receptors at the protein level was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies, whereas no changes in A3 mRNA accumulation in tumors as compared with the corresponding normal tissue were revealed. The overexpression of A3 receptors in tumors was reflected in peripheral blood cells, where the density was approximately 3-fold higher compared with healthy subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.01). In a cohort of 10 patients studied longitudinally, expression of A3 receptors in circulating blood cells returned to normal after surgical resection for colorectal cancer. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that A3 receptor plays a role in colon tumorigenesis and, more importantly, can potentially be used as a diagnostic marker or a therapeutic target for colon cancer.
Renal failure and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis: Epidemiology and clinical features
Authors: Silvano Fasolato, Paolo Angeli, Lucia Dallagnese, Giulio Maresio, Erika Zola, Elena Mazza, Freddy Salinas, Silvio Donà, Stefano Fagiuoli, Antonietta Sticca, Giacomo Zanus, Umberto Cillo, Ilaria Frasson, Carla Destro, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical course of renal failure that was induced by the various types of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Three hundred and nine patients, who were consecutively admitted to the 3 major hospitals of Padova, Italy, during the first 6 months of 2005, were studied prospectively. Of these, 233 patients (75.4%) had evidence of ascites. In 104 patients with cirrhosis and ascites (44.6%) a bacterial infection was diagnosed. A bacterial infection-induced renal failure was observed in 35 of 104 patients (33.6%). The prevalence of renal failure was higher in biliary or gastrointestinal tract infections and in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and in than in other types of infections. In addition, the progressive form of renal failure was only precipitated by biliary or gastrointestinal tract infections, SBP, and urinary tract infections (UTI). In a multivariate analysis only MELD score ( P = 0.001), the peak count of neutrophil leukocyte in blood ( P = 0.04), and the lack of resolution of infection ( P = 0.03) had an independent predictive value on the occurrence of renal failure. Conclusion : The results of the study show that the development of bacterial-induced renal failure in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is related to the MELD score, and to both the severity and the lack of resolution of the infection. A progressive form of renal failure occurs only as a consequence of biliary or gastrointestinal tract infections, SBP, and UTI. (Hepatology 2007;45:223–229.)
A Novel Approach to Preventing Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient Treated With an Insulin Pump
Authors: Ben D. Phillips, Lisa A. Aurand, Michele M. Bedwell, James R. Levy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

A 56-year-old man with brittle type 1 diabetes and unaware of the effects of hypoglycemia was started on a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in April 2000. After 12 months, he achieved excellent glycemic control, and his HbA1c values averaged 6.5%. During this time, however, the patient required admission to the hospital on four separate occasions for diabetic ketoacidosis despite frequent self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) (six to eight times per day) and frequent catheter insertion site changes. The patient insisted that he administered subcutaneous injections, as directed, when there was any question of pump …
Experimental evidence for regional cardiac influence in body surface isopotential maps of dogs.
Authors: J A Abildskov, M J Burgess, R L Lux, R F Wyatt
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Isopotential mpas based on 192-200 body surface electrocardiograms were obtained for 20 dogs during multiple patterns of ventricular activation. The purposes of the study were to determine whether the cardiac location of events responsible for surface potentials had a recognizable influence on surface potential patterns and to examine the influence of electrical events occurring simultaneously in multiple cardiac regions. Substantially different effects of electrical activity in various cardiac regions on body surface potentials were evidenced by the body surface location of potential maxima and minima and by patterns of isopotential lines during early portions of ventricular excitation initiated at different ventricular sites. Simultaneous stimulation at some sites gave surface potential distributions with multiple extrema. These were demonstrated to be due to effects of the different cardiac regions, because addition of potentials due to stimulation of the individual sites duplicated those associated with simultaneous stimulation of the same sites. It was also shown that body surface locations of maxima and minima are not related in the same manner to the cardiac location of the responsible events when these events are present in single and multiple regions. Slopes of potentials due to events in single cardiac regions were shown to combine with slopes produced by events in other regions to yield maxima or minima at new body surface locations. Results of the study support the possibility of regional cardiac examination by electrocardiography but suggest that this will require quantitative descriptions of the details of potential patterns in addition to the location of potential peaks.
Abnormal membrane sodium transport in Liddle's syndrome
Authors: Jerry D. Gardner, Allen Lapey, Artemis P. Simopoulos, Emmanuel L. Bravo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

We have documented the presence of abnormal sodium transport in Liddle's syndrome by measuring sodium concentration, sodium influx, and fractional sodium outflux in vitro in erythrocytes from normal subjects, two patients with Liddle's syndrome, and one patient with primary hyperaldosteronism. Sodium influx and fractional sodium outflux, but not sodium concentration, were significantly increased in patients with Liddle's syndrome. Sodium outflux in a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism did not differ significantly from normal. These alterations of sodium transport in erythrocytes from patients with Liddle's syndrome were not attributable to circulating levels of aldosterone, renin, angiotensin, or serum potassium. Furthermore, changes in aldosterone secretory rate and levels of circulating renin produced by varying dietary sodium intake, did not alter sodium influx or fractional sodium outflux in either patients with Liddle's syndrome or normal subjects. The response of fractional sodium outflux and sodium influx to ouabain, ethacrynic acid, and to changes in the cation composition of the incubation medium suggests that the increased sodium fluxes in Liddle's syndrome do not result solely from a quantitative increase in those components of sodium transport which occur in normal human erythrocytes. Instead, at least a portion of the increased erythrocyte sodium transport in Liddle's syndrome represents a component of sodium transport which does not occur in normal human erythrocytes.
Granulysin is a key mediator for disseminated keratinocyte death in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Wen-Hung Chung, Shuen-Iu Hung, Jui-Yung Yang, Shih-Chi Su, Shien-Ping Huang, Chun-Yu Wei, See-Wen Chin, Chien-Chun Chiou, Sung-Chao Chu, Hsin-Chun Ho, Chih-Hsun Yang, Chi-Fang Lu, Jer-Yuarn Wu, You-Di Liao, Yuan-Tsong Chen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
More information needed on risks of over the counter drugs
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Health professionals and patients need education programmes to manage the risks associated with over the counter drugs in the United Kingdom, a report from the BMA has warned. Over-the-Counter Medication , by the BMA's Board of Science, highlights the increased switching of more potent medicines from prescription only to pharmacy drugs. Headaches are the most popular ailment for which people choose to treat themselves, with 80% of people opting for over the counter drugs. Heartburn, migraine, period pain, coughs, colds, and acid stomach are also commonly treated with non-prescription drugs.

The trend towards greater …
Adult coeliac disease and cigarette smoking.
Authors: J A Snook, L Dwyer, C Lee-Elliott, S Khan, D W Wheeler, D S Nicholas
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Genetic predisposition and gliadin exposure are known to be crucial factors in the development of coeliac disease. Circumstantial evidence suggests that other unidentified environmental factors may also be of pathogenetic importance. AIM: To define the relation between cigarette smoking and the risk of development of symptomatic adult onset coeliac disease. SUBJECTS: Eighty six recently diagnosed adult coeliac disease patients and 172 controls matched for age and sex. METHOD: Matched case control study, using a simple questionnaire to determine smoking history, and in particular smoking status at the time of diagnosis of coeliac disease. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, the proportion of current smokers was 7% in the coeliac group, and 32.6% in the control group, giving a matched odds ratio of 0.15 (95% confidence intervals 0.06, 0.38). The difference could not be accounted for by social class, nor by coeliac patients giving up smoking after the onset of symptoms as most non-smokers in the coeliac group had never smoked. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking, or a factor closely linked to it, seems to exert a major protective effect against the development of symptomatic adult onset coeliac disease. The implication is that gliadin exposure is not the only important environmental factor involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.
Retrospective Review of Treatment Outcome for 63 Patients With Trichotillomania
Authors: Nancy J. Keuthen, Richard L. O'Sullivan, Paige Goodchild, Dayami Rodriguez, Michael A. Jenike, Lee Baer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to assess naturalistic treatment outcome in trichotillomania. METHOD: Sixty-three patients who had been treated in a specialty clinic for trichotillomania over a period of 6 years were contacted. The patients were given paper-and-pencil instruments that assessed current severity of hairpulling, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and psychosocial functioning. RESULTS: Significant mean improvement was found on measures of hairpulling, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and psychosocial functioning. Improvement in hairpulling was associated with greater depression at the time of their index clinic evaluation as well as more improvement in depression after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: State-of-the-art behavioral and pharmacological treatments offer substantial clinical benefit to patients with trichotillomania, both in hairpulling symptoms and ancillary measures of functioning.