tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Absence of genetic linkage of chromosome 5q31 with asthma and atopy in the general population
Authors: A. Kamitani, Z. Y. Wong, P. Dickson, L. van Herwerden, J. Raven, A. B. Forbes, M. J. Abramson, E. H. Walters, S. B. Harrap
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Clinical asthma is associated with increased serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), atopy (skin prick test positivity to common aeroallergens), and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) to non-specific stimuli (positive methacholine challenge test). A region on chromosome 5q31-33 has been linked with increased total serum IgE and BHR. A study of the genetic linkage of this region with clinical asthma and atopy was therefore undertaken. METHODS: A polymorphic microsatellite marker in chromosome 5q31 (D5S399) was studied in 119 sibling pairs recruited from the general population who shared asthma, atopy, and/or BHR. Based on our population distribution of 13 different alleles, it was expected that by chance alone sibling pairs would share on average 1.24 alleles and that a significant excess would indicate genetic linkage. RESULTS: No evidence of linkage was found in 45 siblings concordant for asthma (shared alleles = 1.09, p = 0.95), in 103 sibling pairs with atopy (shared alleles = 1.18, p = 0.82), in 51 sibling pairs with BHR (shared alleles = 1.22, p = 0.62), or in 68 sibling pairs who shared atopy in the absence of BHR (shared alleles = 1.22, p = 0.61). A slight non-significant excess of shared alleles (1.44, p = 0.11) was observed in siblings who shared BHR without atopy. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of genetic linkage of chromosome 5q31 with either clinical asthma or atopy was therefore detected in the population studied. Linkage between chromosome 5q and BHR needs further investigation.
FATE OF NON-VIRULENT GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI PHAGOCYTIZED BY HUMAN AND MOUSE NEUTROPHILS
Authors: Armine T. Wilson, Grove G. Wiley, Pauline Bruno
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

The fate of non-virulent group A streptococci phagocytized in vitro has been investigated by destroying the phagocyte with electric current and observing whether the liberated cocci multiply. Human and mouse peripheral blood neutrophils quickly injure ingested cocci, the time required to produce 50 per cent non-survival of chains being 8 and 6(3/4) minutes, respectively.
Implementation of SI Units
Authors: ALAN S. NIES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1987Implementation of SI UnitsALAN S. NIES, M.D., JOSEPH GAL, Ph.D.ALAN S. NIES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH GAL, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-4-642_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We noted with interest the article and accompanying editorial regarding the implementation of SI units in American medical journals (1, 2). Although the arguments are reasonable for the use of these units to describe the concentration of endogenous substances, SI units make less sense when applied to drugs. As long as drugs are administered in mass units, concentrations of drugs in the blood should be in mass/L so that clinicians may use the pharmacokinetic parameters of apparent volume of distribution (VD) and clearance to calculate appropriate loading and maintenance schedules of drugs for their patients (3). The...References1. YOUNG D. Implementation of SI units for clinical laboratory data: style specifications and conversion tables. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:114-29. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HUTH E. The American shift to medical SI units. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:149-50. LinkGoogle Scholar3. NIES A. Principles of drug therapy. In: WYNGAARDEN JB, SMITH LH, eds. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 17th edition. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1985:69-84. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALAN S. NIES, M.D.; JOSEPH GAL, Ph.D.Affiliations: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, CO 80262 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySI Units: Is it Pass the Mass but Hold the Mole?Drug Therapy in the Elderly 1 April 1987Volume 106, Issue 4Page: 642-642KeywordsAttentionBlood volumeDrug distributionDrugsPharmacokinetics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-238: Regulation of signaling pathways by endogenous small molecules
Authors: Sigrid Nachtergaele, Laurel Mydock, Kathiresan Krishnan, Douglas Covey, Rajat Rohatgi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A major goal in cancer biology is the comprehensive understanding of signals that drive the growth and spread of cancer cells. My long term goal is to develop methods to isolate new small molecules that play a role in cancer signaling and then to identify the proteins that interact with these small molecules. Such small molecule-protein pairs are likely to be particularly good drug targets in oncology. To develop tools for this endeavor, we are focusing on the identification of small molecules that regulate the “Hedgehog” signaling circuit. Damage to this circuit has been shown to drive the development of a large number of adult and childhood cancers. We are taking advantage of the previous observation that molecules related to cholesterol, called oxysterols, can activate the Hedgehog pathway. To understand how these enigmatic molecules work, we are attempting to find the protein targets through which oxysterols function and also generating analogs of these molecules as novel modulators of this important cancer signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-238. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-238
Archiv fur Verdauungs Krankheiten.
Authors: Julius Friedenwald
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Baltimore, Md., Feb. 12,1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The rise of a specialty in medicine is marked by the appearance of journals especially devoted to it. We are glad to inform you, that the new specialty of "Diseases of the Digestive Organs" is about to have its own publication—the<i>Archiv für Verdauungs krankheiten</i>which will appear in April. It will be published in Berlin, Germany, by S. Karger. The editor is Dr. I. Boas, the well-known author of a work on "Diseases of the Stomach." He will be assisted by specialists in Germany and other countries. The<i>Archiv</i>will contain original articles, besides reviews and abstracts of recent literature, and will embrace diseases of the stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas and peritoneum, constitutional diseases and dietetics. Those interested may communicate with the editor or the publisher. Yours, etc.,
Immunisation does not rule out tetanus
Authors: D. R Vinson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Shimoni et al illustrate a needed caution to clinicians: do not exclude a diagnosis of tetanus in a patient who has been fully immunised.1 Their report adds to the list of rare cases of tetanus that have occurred despite complete immunisation. Although the authors state that all reported cases of tetanus in the United States have occurred in people who have not been immunised, this …
Racial discrimination against doctors
Authors: R K Banerjee
Journal: BMJ (1993)

EDITOR,-We sympathise with A Esmail and S Everington over the medicolegal problems resulting from their study but were sorry to note their observation on the "comparative unpopularity" of psychiatry.'We recently published a study of predictors of shortlisting and appoint- ments for training posts in psychiatry.2Not having an English name was associated with not being shortlisted at senior registrar level (4/18 v 8/14; p < 0 05).In our "real life" study, however, having an English name was significantly associated with having obtained a British undergraduate education (p < 0-001).This in turn was associated with achieving a publication containing data (p<0005), which emerged as the strongest predictor (p<0-001) of shortlisting for a senior registrar post.Our results show the artificiality of comparing curricula vitae identical in all but name and the promotional value (for better or worse) of achieving publication.Our paper nevertheless echoes Esmail and Everington's in concluding that "members of appointments committees should . .become still more aware of their commitment to equal opportunities and their vulnerability to prejudice."
Effects of troglitazone on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rats
Authors: Shoji Okumura, Noriyuki Takeda, Kazuhisa Takami, Kouji Yoshino, Junko Hattori, Kazuya Nakashima, Miyuki Sugimoto, Masatoshi Ishimori, Rieko Takami, Keigo Yasuda
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
Randomised controlled trial of tetanus treatment with antitetanus immunoglobulin by the intrathecal or intramuscular route
Authors: Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Antônio Alci Barone, Vicente Luiz Vaz, Aderbal Gomes Vieira, Valéria Maria Gonçalves Albuquerque
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of intrathecal therapy with human antitetanus immunoglobulin on clinical progression of and mortality from tetanus. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Intensive care unit of a university hospital, Pernambuco, Brazil. Participants 120 patients with tetanus allocated to antitetanus immunoglobulin by either the intrathecal and intramuscular route (n = 58) or the intramuscular route (n = 62; control group). Main outcome measures Clinical progression of disease, duration of hospital stay, duration of occurrence of spasms, complications, respiratory infection, respiratory failure or mechanical ventilation, duration of respiratory assistance, and mortality. Results Patients in the treatment group showed a better clinical progression than those in the control group (χ 2 for trend 7.752, P = 0.005; difference in proportion of patients with improvement 20%, 95% confidence interval 4% to 35%). The duration of occurrence of spasms, hospital stay, and respiratory assistance were all shorter in patients the treatment group: respectively, 14.96, 0.0001 (difference in proportion of patients with spasms lasting ≤ 10 days 36%, 18% to 55%); 4.56, 0.03; and 6.56, 0.01 (proportion of patients who needed assistance for ≤ 10 days 69.2% in the treatment group and 30.8% in the control group (difference 38%, 12% to 65%)). Conclusion Patients treated with antitetanus immunoglobulin by the intrathecal route show better clinical progression than those treated by the intramuscular route.
Outlier Status of U.S. Health Care Costs
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters15 November 2005Outlier Status of U.S. Health Care CostsThomas Bodenheimer, MDThomas Bodenheimer, MDFrom the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Keberlein argues that costs related to malpractice litigation are “the elephant in the room” of high and rising health care costs in the United States. Indeed, there are major differences between the malpractice systems of the United States and those of other nations. However, the problem can better be described as a “big dog in the room” rather than an elephant. Studies of the costs of malpractice litigation and “defensive medicine” practiced to protect against litigation estimate the costs to be 5% to 9% of health expenditures (1, 2)—a large sum, but not quite an elephant. Does ...References1. Kessler D, McClellan M. Do doctors practice defensive medicine? Q J Econ. 1996;111:353-90. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. Office of Technology Assessment. U.S. Congress: Defensive Medicine and Medical Malpractice. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994. Google Scholar3. Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, Gottlieb DJ, Lucas FL, Pinder EL. The implications of regional variations in Medicare spending. Part 2: health outcomes and satisfaction with care. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:288-98. [PMID: 12585826] LinkGoogle Scholar4. Fisher ES. Medical care—is more always better? [Editorial]. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1665-7. [PMID: 14573739] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Aaron HJ. The Unsurprising Surprise of Renewed Health Care Cost Inflation [Web exclusive]. 2002. Accessed at content.healthaffairs.org/webexclusives/index.dtl?year=2002 on 21 August 2005. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Implications of Regional Variations in Medicare Spending. Part 2: Health Outcomes and Satisfaction with Care Elliott S. Fisher , David E. Wennberg , Thrse A. Stukel , Daniel J. Gottlieb , F. L. Lucas , and Étoile L. Pinder High and Rising Health Care Costs. Part 1: Seeking an Explanation Thomas Bodenheimer Outlier Status of U.S. Health Care Costs Michael J. Keberlein Outlier Status of U.S. Health Care Costs Steven D. Hanks Metrics 15 November 2005Volume 143, Issue 10Page: 760KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth careInformation technology ePublished: 15 November 2005 Issue Published: 15 November 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Plectin, an unusual target antigen in bullous pemphigoid
Authors: E. Laffitte, B. Favre, L. Fontao, S. Riou, F. Jaunin, K. Tamm, J-H. Saurat, L. Borradori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a blistering disease associated with autoantibodies directed against two components of hemidesmosomes, BP180 and BP230.To assess whether BP patients have autoantibodies targeting plectin, another hemidesmosomal component showing extensive homology to BP230.Examination of sera from 16 patients with BP, using immunoprecipitation studies followed by immunoblotting.Serum of one of the 16 (6%) patients with BP contain autoantibodies binding to plectin, while no reactivity was found with sera from three control subjects. Sera from all 16 BP patients immunoprecipitated BP230 from extracts of biosynthetically radiolabelled human keratinocytes.Our results indicate that sera from BP patients might contain autoantibodies binding to plectin. Although this protein and BP230 are closely sequence-related, the occurrence of autoantibodies binding to plectin is a rare phenomenon in BP.
Postnatal development of alveoli. Regulation and evidence for a critical period in rats.
Authors: D Massaro, N Teich, S Maxwell, G D Massaro, P Whitney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In many species, including humans, pulmonary alveoli are formed after birth by septal subdivision of the large gas-exchange saccules present at birth. In rats septation occurs mainly between the 4th and 14th postnatal days (Burri, P. H. 1974. Anat. Rec. 180:77-98), but little is known about the regulation of this process. We found that dexamethasone (0.1 micrograms daily) given to rats from age 4 to 13 d markedly impaired saccule septation to at least age 60 d and also diminished the extent of the increase of alveolar surface area (Sa). Underfeeding from birth to age 14 d did not diminish saccule septation but did result in diminished Sa. We conclude dexamethasone-treated rats have a critical period during which the gas-exchange saccules present at birth must be subdivided. Since Sa increased in dexamethasone-treated rats without a change in alveolar size, and, the enlargement of Sa was diminished in underfed rat pups without a deficit of saccule septation, we postulate new alveoli were formed by means other than septation of the large gas-exchange saccules present at birth. Furthermore, these various means of forming alveoli, and hence of increasing Sa, were differently regulated: dexamethasone decreased the enlargement of Sa brought about by both septation of the gas-exchange saccules present at birth and by other, as yet unidentified, means of forming alveoli; underfeeding did not diminish Sa increases produced by saccule septation but did decrease the extent of Sa enlargement due to the other means of forming alveoli.
Effect of Lack of Gravity on Airborne Infection During Space Flight
Authors: Vernon Knight
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In the absence of gravity during flight in space, particles with high settling velocities on earth (20μ in diameter and larger) will remain suspended in the air of a spacecraft. If such particles are contaminated with infectious agents, they will present a potentially large source of airborne infection. Particles with small settling velocities which tend to remain suspended on earth will also remain suspended in space, and thus introduce no new infectious hazard into space flight. Nasal retention under gravity of nearly all particles 20μ in diameter and larger will be similar in the absence of gravity, unless the efficiency is reduced by overloading. Pulmonary retention of small particles (6μ in diameter and smaller), which on earth penetrate to the lungs in substantial percentages, will be reduced by two thirds in the absence of gravity, thus affording some protection to the lungs of travelers in space from airborne infection.
The Risk of Taking Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Prevalence of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Adolescents
Authors: Wendy J. Brickman, Julie S. Holland, Bernard L. Silverman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Population-based studies determining the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents are sparse. Therefore, we designed a feasibility population-based study to detect postprandial hyperglycemia, an early manifestation of diabetes, in adolescents.

The study population consisted of all students taking a mandatory sophomore health class at a suburban Chicago high school during the 1998–1999 school year. Those who returned parental consent, student assent, and a parental questionnaire entered the study. Within 90–120 min of completing a standardized lunch (∼100 g carbohydrate), students had a capillary blood glucose (CBG) exam for acanthosis nigricans (AN), as …
Abstract SY23-01: Early endosomes: Platforms for the induction of oncogenic phenotypes
Authors: Crislyn D'Souza-Schorey
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Oncogenic signaling markedly impacts the adhesive and migratory potential of tumor cells. Many of the resulting cellular changes are elicited by coordinated alterations in endosomal membrane trafficking. Although long regarded as a means for cells to internalize nutrients and cell surface molecules, emerging evidence suggests that the endosomal circuitry is also an essential platform for signal transduction and a conduit for the transport of cellular machinery, including adhesion proteins and signaling molecules, appropriate compartmentalization of which appears to be essential for eliciting changes that accompany disease progression. The disruption of epithelial glandular architecture and the acquisition of aggressive invasive phenotypes, two hallmarks of tumor progression, exemplify the above paradigm. Our efforts are directed at elucidating and defining the role of ARF6-coupled endocytic pathways in the acquisition of migratory/invasive phenotypes. Recent work using three-dimensional basement membrane cultures of renal and mammary epithelial cells reveals that the formation of signaling endosomes during glandular cyst morphogenesis, serve as platforms for hyperactive receptor signaling leading to the disruption of epithelial cysts and generation of certain tumorigenic phenotypes. We are also investigating the structural and molecular changes at the invasive front of tumor cells. Our recent studies, and others, have shown that selective sorting of specific cargo such as the membrane-type proteases along early endocytic recycling pathways, is tightly coupled to the biogenesis and function of invasive structures such as invadopodia and microvesicles. Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions that form at the adherent cell surface and mediate pericellular proteolysis. Microvesicles, generated by the outward budding and fission of the plasma membrane, facilitate the horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules and are now thought to have vital roles in tumor invasion and metastasis, inflammation and stem-cell expansion. Since endosomes confer spatial and temporal dimensions to oncogenic signaling, understanding the interplay between endocytic trafficking and the activation of invasive cell programs could provide new and important insights into the progression toward pathophysiological states. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY23-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY23-01
Sir Godfrey Hounsfield
Authors: Caroline Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Engineer who invented computed tomography and won the Nobel prize for medicine Sir Godfrey Hounsfield invented the computed tomographic scanner, and thus made an incomparable contribution to medicine.An engineer, he conceived the idea of computed tomography during a weekend ramble in 1967.Initially it had nothing to do with medicine but was simply "a realisation that you could determine what was in a box by taking readings at all angles through it."Back in his workshop at EMI research laboratories in Hayes, Middlesex, he began work on a computerised device that could process hundreds of x ray beams to obtain a two-dimensional display of the soft tissues inside a living organism.By recording on sensors rather than x ray film and taking multiple pictures from a rotating photon source, a series of "slices" could be photographed that showed the different density of tissues.By making a series of such photographs at close intervals, it was then possible to have a three-dimensional image.The mathematics behind this was phenomenal, and other more powerful and better resourced research teams had, unknown to Hounsfield, considered the idea and dismissed it as unworkable.Soon he was practising on the head of a cow that a colleague obtained from a kosher slaughterhouse in east London, and he submitted his own brain for the first live human scan.The first patient was scanned in September 1971 at Atkinson Morley's Hospital in Wimbledon with the radiologist James Ambrose.The patient had a sus-