tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
White Race As a Risk Factor for Hypothyroidism After Treatment for Pediatric Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Monika L. Metzger, Melissa M. Hudson, Grant W. Somes, Ron I. Shorr, Chin-Shang Li, Matthew J. Krasin, John Shelso, Ching-Hon Pui, Scott C. Howard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Hypothyroidism frequently occurs after treatment for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma, but race has not been investigated as a risk factor for this delayed toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine whether race is an independent risk factor for hypothyroidism in survivors of pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma.To identify differences between black and white patients in the development of hypothyroidism after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma, we conducted a retrospective study of consecutively treated pediatric patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis, TN) from January 1980 through December 2002. Clinical or biochemical hypothyroidism was defined by an above normal thyroxine-stimulating hormone concentration or by the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy.The 461 patients (388 white patients, 73 black patients) where followed for a median of 11.3 years (range, 1.8 to 24.9 years). Hypothyroidism developed in 196 (43%) of 461 patients after a median of 2.9 years (range, 0.7 to 11.3 years) after diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hypothyroidism developed in 47% of white patients but in only 21% of black patients (hazard ratio = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.6). After adjusting for other risk factors for hypothyroidism (thyroid radiation dose, sex, and nodular sclerosis histology), the risk of hypothyroidism in white patients was 2.5 times (95% CI, 1.5 to 4.3 times) the risk in black patients (P < .001).White patients have a higher risk of hypothyroidism after neck irradiation for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma than black patients.
Pressure-Volume Relationships in Right Ventricle
Authors: Robert R. Lafontant, Harold Feinberg, Louis N. Katz
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Contour changes of the pressure curve of the isovolumic right ventricle were analyzed as its volume increased and during spontaneous tachycardia and l -epinephrine exhibition. Evidence of an early diastolic dip going below ambient pressure was observed when spontaneous tachycardia developed. Evidence was clear that the impedance to filling during the phase of active relaxation lessened in the right ventricle when spontaneous tachycardia occurred and l -epinephrine was exhibited, and to a lesser extent when the ventricle became more dynamic. However, there was no evidence of any shift in the right ventricular pressure/volume relationship at the end of diastole during spontaneous tachycardia or l -epinephrine action. On the other hand, the pressure/volume relationship at the end of systole was altered under these two conditions, in that the pressure for any volume was increased. The curves of the pressure/volume relationship of the right ventricle at the end of systole and at the end of diastole were found to be similar in contour to those of the left ventricle except for the magnitude of change.
Innovating for women’s, children’s, and adolescents’ health
Authors: Haitham El-Noush, Karlee L Silver, Allan O Pamba, Peter A Singer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Innovation is central to reaching the sustainable development goals on women's, children's, and adolescents' health. The task now is to scale up these innovations in a sustainable way, say <b>Haitham El-Noush and colleagues</b>
Phase II randomized multicenter study evaluating a treatment regimen alternating docetaxel and cisplatin–vinorelbine with a cisplatin–vinorelbine control group in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer: GFPC 97.01 study
Authors: M. Pérol, H. Léna, P. Thomas, G. Robinet, P. Fournel, E. Coste, C. Belleguic, H. Le Caer, F. Blanchon, A. Vergnenègre, J.-M. Vernejoux, M.-P. Schuller-Lebeau, E. Pham
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
AIDS Virus Infection in Nairobi Prostitutes
Authors: Joan K. Kreiss, Davy Koech, Francis A. Plummer, King K. Holmes, Marilyn Lightfoote, Peter Piot, Allan R. Ronald, J.O. Ndinya-Achola, Lourdes J. D'Costa, Pacita Roberts, Elizabeth N. Ngugi, Thomas C. Quinn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is epidemic in Central Africa. To determine the prevalence of AIDS virus infection in East Africa, we studied 90 female prostitutes, 40 men treated at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, and 42 medical personnel in Nairobi, Kenya. Antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III (HTLV-III) was detected in the serum of 66 percent of prostitutes of low socioeconomic status, 31 percent of prostitutes of higher socioeconomic status, 8 percent of the clinic patients, and 2 percent of the medical personnel. The presence of the antibody was associated with both immunologic and clinical abnormalities. The mean T-cell helper/suppressor ratio was 0.92 in seropositive prostitutes and 1.82 in seronegative prostitutes (P less than 0.0001). Generalized lymphadenopathy was present in 54 percent of seropositive prostitutes and 10 percent of seronegative prostitutes (P less than 0.0001). No constitutional symptoms, opportunistic infections, or cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were present. Our results indicate that the epidemic of AIDS virus infection has, unfortunately, spread extensively among urban prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya. Sexual exposure to men from Central Africa was significantly associated with HTLV-III antibody among prostitutes, suggesting transcontinental spread of the epidemic.
Effects of Ranolazine on Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;The MERLIN-TIMI 36 Randomized Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: David A. Morrow
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Ranolazine is a novel antianginal agent that reduces ischemia in patients with chronic angina but has not been studied in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).To determine the efficacy and safety of ranolazine during long-term treatment of patients with non-ST-elevation ACS.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial of 6560 patients within 48 hours of ischemic symptoms who were treated with ranolazine (initiated intravenously and followed by oral ranolazine extended-release 1000 mg twice daily, n = 3279) or matching placebo (n = 3281), and followed up for a median of 348 days in the Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (MERLIN)-TIMI 36 trial between October 8, 2004, and February 14, 2007.The primary efficacy end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or recurrent ischemia through the end of study. The major safety end points were death from any cause and symptomatic documented arrhythmia.The primary end point occurred in 696 patients (21.8%) in the ranolazine group and 753 patients (23.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.02; P = .11). The major secondary end point (cardiovascular death, MI, or severe recurrent ischemia) occurred in 602 patients (18.7%) in the ranolazine group and 625 (19.2%) in the placebo group (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.08; P = .50). Cardiovascular death or MI occurred in 338 patients (10.4%) allocated to ranolazine and 343 patients (10.5%) allocated to placebo (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.15; P = .87). Recurrent ischemia was reduced in the ranolazine group (430 [13.9%]) compared with the placebo group (494 [16.1%]; HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76-0.99; P = .03). QTc prolongation requiring a reduction in the dose of intravenous drug occurred in 31 patients (0.9%) receiving ranolazine compared with 10 patients (0.3%) receiving placebo. Symptomatic documented arrhythmias did not differ between the ranolazine (99 [3.0%]) and placebo (102 [3.1%]) groups (P = .84). No difference in total mortality was observed with ranolazine compared with placebo (172 vs 175; HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.80-1.22; P = .91).The addition of ranolazine to standard treatment for ACS was not effective in reducing major cardiovascular events. Ranolazine did not adversely affect the risk of all-cause death or symptomatic documented arrhythmia. Our findings provide support for the safety and efficacy of ranolazine as antianginal therapy.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00099788.
Adult height after long term treatment with recombinant growth hormone for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency: observational follow up study of the French population based registry
Authors: J.-C. Carel
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant growth hormone for increasing adult height in children treated for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency. <b>Design:</b> Observational follow up study. <b>Setting:</b> Population based registry. <b>Participants:</b> All 2852 French children diagnosed as having isolated idiopathic growth hormone deficiency whose treatment started between 1987 and 1992 and ended before 1996. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Change in height between the start of treatment and adulthood; classification of patients according to whether treatment was completed as scheduled or stopped early. <b>Results:</b> Adult height was obtained for 2165 (76%) patients. The mean dose of growth hormone at start of treatment was 0.42 IU/kg/week. Height gain was 1.1 (SD 0.9) standard deviation (SD) scores, resulting in an adult height of −1.6 (0.9) SD score (girls, 154 (5) cm; boys, 167 (6) cm). Patients who completed the treatment gained 1.0 (0.7) SD score of height in 3.6 (1.4) years. Patients with treatments stopped early gained 0.6 (0.6) SD score in 2.7 (1.4) years while receiving treatment and a further 0.4 (0.9) SD score after the end of treatment. Most of the variation in height gain was explained by regression towards the mean, patients9 characteristics, and delay in starting puberty. Severe growth hormone deficiency was associated with better outcome. Each year of treatment was associated with a gain of 0.2 SD score(1.3 cm). <b>Conclusion:</b> The effect of growth hormone is unclear in many patients treated for so called idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency. Most of the patients have pubertal delay and a spontaneous growth potential, which must be taken into account when measuring the effect and cost effectiveness of treatments. Growth hormone deficiency should be clearly distinguished from pubertal delay, and criteria should restrict the definition to patients with severely and permanently altered growth hormone secretion as our results support the use of growth hormone in such patients. Long term trials are required for most patients currently treated. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Large numbers of children are treated with recombinant growth hormone for so called idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency The effect on adult height is unclear because of a lack of controlled trials and analysis, and that subgroups, rather than entire populations, are analysed. <h3>What this study adds</h3> Half the patients treated for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency stop treatment before reaching adult height and achieve adult heights similar to those of patients who complete their treatment Many patients diagnosed as having growth hormone deficiency actually have pubertal delay A small proportion of patients with severe growth hormone deficiency respond better to treatment than patients with less severe growth hormone deficiency
Acute Rejection Modulates Gene Expression in the Collecting Duct
Authors: Bayram Edemir, Stefan Reuter, Reka Borgulya, Rita Schröter, Ute Neugebauer, Gert Gabriëls, Eberhard Schlatter
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Kidney transplantation, especially when associated with acute rejection, leads to changes in the expression of many genes, including those encoding solute transporters and water channels. In a rat model of acute rejection after allogeneic renal transplantation, impaired renal function, increased urine volume, and increased fractional excretion of sodium were observed. Gene array analysis revealed that these findings were associated with significant downregulation of water channels (aquaporin-1, -2, -3, and -4) and transporters of sodium, glucose, urea, and other solutes. In addition, changes in expression of various receptors, kinases, and phosphatases that modulate the expression or activity of renal transport systems were observed. Syngeneic transplantation or treatment with cyclosporine A following allogeneic transplantation did not impair graft function but did lead to the downregulation of aquaporin-1, -3, and -4 and several solute transporters. However, expression of aquaporin-2 and the epithelial sodium channel did not change, suggesting that the downregulation of these transporters following allogeneic transplantation is rejection-dependent. In conclusion, changes in gene expression may explain the impaired handling of solute and water after allogeneic transplantation, especially during acute rejection. Treatment with cyclosporine A improves the regulation of solute and water by preventing the downregulation of aquaporin-2 and epithelial sodium channel, even though many other transporter genes remain downregulated.
"They're doing people a service" qualitative study of smoking, smuggling, and social deprivation
Authors: S. Wiltshire, A. Bancroft, A. Amos, O. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine the behaviour and attitudes related to smoking and contraband tobacco products among smokers in two socially deprived areas. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional study with qualitative semistructured interviews, augmented by smokers9 day grid. <b>Setting:</b> Two areas of socioeconomic deprivation in Edinburgh. <b>Participants:</b> 50 male and 50 female smokers aged 25-40 years randomly selected from general practitioners9 lists from two health centres, each located in an area of deprivation. <b>Results:</b> Most smokers wanted to quit but felt unable to because of the importance of smoking in their daily routine and their addiction to nicotine. Strategies for maintaining consumption levels in the face of increasing cigarette prices and low income included purchasing contraband cigarettes and tobacco. Vendors were contacted through social networks, family, and friends as well as common knowledge of people and places, particularly pubs where contraband was available. Most users of contraband considered that smugglers were providing a valuable service. Purchasing contraband tobacco was viewed as rational in the face of material hardship. Many smokers criticised the government for its high tobacco taxation and the lack of local services to help them to stop smoking. <b>Conclusions:</b> Smokers in deprived areas perceive a lack of support to help them to stop smoking. Cigarette and tobacco smuggling is therefore viewed positively by low income smokers as a way of dealing with the increasing cost of cigarettes. Smokers in areas of deprivation may thus show little support for tackling smuggling until more action is taken to deal with the material and personal factors that make it difficult for them to quit. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Areas of deprivation have the highest rates of smoking and lowest levels of cessation Around 25-30% of cigarettes consumed in the United Kingdom are contraband We know little about the attitudes of smokers in these areas to smuggled cigarettes or whether and how they access them <h3>What this study adds</h3> In such areas the easy availability of cheap tobacco products through contraband networks works against many smokers9 desire to quit Given the perceived lack of support to help them to stop smoking, this smuggling network is viewed positively by low income smokers as a way of dealing with the increasing cost of cigarettes Smokers in areas of deprivation may thus show little support for tackling smuggling until more action is taken to address the material and personal factors that make it difficult for them to quit
Establishment of a UK-wide network to facilitate the acquisition of quality assured FDG–PET data for clinical trials in lymphoma
Authors: S.F. Barrington, J.E. MacKewn, P. Schleyer, P.K. Marsden, N.G. Mikhaeel, W. Qian, P. Mouncey, P. Patrick, B. Popova, P. Johnson, J. Radford, M.J. O'Doherty
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Myoepithelioma With a Leukemoid Reaction in BALB/c Mice23
Authors: F. Grèzes, J-C. Salomon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Myoepithelioma With a Leukemoid Reaction in BALB/c Mice Get access F. Grèzes, F. Grèzes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J-C. Salomon J-C. Salomon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 49, Issue 6, December 1972, Pages 1527–1538, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.6.1527 Published: 01 December 1972 Article history Received: 27 April 1971 Accepted: 17 July 1972 Published: 01 December 1972
Diagnostic accuracy of bronchodilator responsiveness in wheezy children
Authors: I Dundas
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of bronchodilator responsiveness for asthma in 5–10 year old children. <b>Methods:</b> Spirometric measurements were made in 142 children (58 wheezers) before and after 400 μg inhaled salbutamol. <b>Results:</b> On a receiver operating characteristic curve, a 9% increase in predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second was the cut off point that provided an acceptable balance of sensitivity and specificity for previous wheeze. This figure was 50% (95% CI 38 to 62) sensitive and 86% (95% CI 78 to 92) specific for detecting previous wheeze and multiplied the initial odds in favour of wheeze by a factor of 3.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 6.3). <b>Discussion:</b> With an estimated pretest probability of wheeze of 10% in the community and 50% in a specialist clinic, the positive predictive values are 29% and 78%, respectively, for a 9% change. The value of bronchodilator responsiveness testing depends on the prevalence of wheeze in the population in which it is to be used.
Dual energy CT pulmonary angiography: findings in a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: E T D Hoey, S K B Agrawal, V Ganesh, D Gopalan, N J Screaton
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Dual energy CT pulmonary angiography: findings in a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertensionA 55-year-old woman became increasingly breathless over a 9month period.Systolic pulmonary artery pressure was estimated at 50 mm Hg by echocardiography.CT pulmonary angiography was performed using a dual energy technique whereby datasets are simultaneously acquired at 80 kV and 140 kV.Differential absorption of these energy spectra by iodine molecules in intravenous contrast medium is exploited to generate a map of parenchymal perfusion in addition to standard grey-scale images. 1 Multiple laminated thrombi and web stenoses were demonstrated and their functional significance elegantly shown by corresponding perfusion defects on the dual energy perfusion images (figs 1 and 2).Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy was performed and recovery was uneventful.
Running and science: an interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: C Milne
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Edited by Jens Bangsbo and Henrik B Larsen. Published by Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2001, A$47.95 + GST, pp 17, softcover. ISBN 8716123492

This is the spiritual successor to the excellent volume on the marathon published by the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (volume 301) in 1977. It is a series of articles based on presentations at the Second European Congress of Sport and Exercise Science held in Copenhagen in 1997. There were 800 delegates and some 400 papers presented by 100 different speakers. The book is one of a series, and other volumes have appeared on soccer and sailing.

There are seven chapters, including topics such as exercise physiology, running economy, prevention …
Impaired progenitor cell function in HIV-negative infants of HIV-positive mothers results in decreased thymic output and low CD4 counts
Authors: Susanne D. Nielsen, Dorthe L. Jeppesen, Lilian Kolte, Dawn R. Clark, Tine U. Sørensen, Anne-Mette Dreves, Annette K. Ersbøll, Lars P. Ryder, Niels H. Valerius, Jens O. Nielsen
Journal: Blood (2001)
DOXORUBICIN ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN CORONARY ARTERY HISTOLOGY
Authors: Richard B. Stacey, Nancy D. Kock, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Frank M. Torti, Delrae M. Eckman, David C. Sane, Susan Workman, Kimberly S. Lane, William G. Hundley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effects of Smoking Restrictions in the Workplace
Authors: Ross C. Brownson, David P. Hopkins, Melanie A. Wakefield
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2002)

▪ Abstract The health hazards caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are well established. Workplace exposure to ETS is strongly influenced by the types of workplace and smoking policy—total bans on smoking have become common in many countries. Blue-collar and service workers are more likely than other types of workers to be exposed to ETS in the workplace. Smokers who are employed in workplaces with smoking bans are likely to consume fewer cigarettes per day, are more likely to be considering quitting, and quit at an increased rate compared with smokers employed in workplaces with no or weaker policies. Despite substantial progress in protecting workers from ETS, additional efforts are needed in areas that include attention to exposure among blue-collar and service workers; policies in workplaces with a limited number of employees; and studies of enforcement, effects on smoking cessation in multiple settings, and cost-effectiveness.
Quantitative Impact of Thymic Clonal Deletion on the T Cell Repertoire
Authors: Joost P.M. van Meerwijk, Samuel Marguerat, Rosemary K. Lees, Ronald N. Germain, B.J. Fowlkes, H. Robson MacDonald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Interactions between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on stromal cells and antigen-specific receptors on T cells shape the repertoire of mature T lymphocytes emerging from the thymus. Some thymocytes with appropriate receptors are stimulated to undergo differentiation to the fully mature state (positive selection), whereas others with strongly autoreactive receptors are triggered to undergo programmed cell death before completing this differentiation process (negative selection). The quantitative impact of negative selection on the potentially available repertoire is currently unknown. To address this issue, we have constructed radiation bone marrow chimeras in which MHC molecules are present on radioresistant thymic epithelial cells (to allow positive selection) but absent from radiosensitive hematopoietic elements responsible for negative selection. In such chimeras, the number of mature thymocytes was increased by twofold as compared with appropriate control chimeras This increase in steady-state numbers of mature thymocytes was not related to proliferation, increased retention, or recirculation and was accompanied by a similar two- to threefold increase in the de novo rate of generation of mature cells. Taken together, our data indicate that half to two-thirds of the thymocytes able to undergo positive selection die before full maturation due to negative selection.