tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Physical Abuse: Risk for Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Sandra J. Kaplan, David Pelcovitz, Suzanne Salzinger, Merrill Weiner, Francine S. Mandel, Martin L. Lesser, Victor E. Labruna
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined whether physical abuse functions as an additional risk factor for adolescent psychopathology after other important known risk factors are controlled for. METHOD: The authors recruited 99 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years directly from the New York State Department of Social Services after official documentation of physical abuse. The abused adolescents were compared to 99 nonabused adolescents matched for age, gender, race, and community income. Diagnostic interviews and measures of selected risk factors for psychopathology were administered to the adolescents and their parents and then entered into a multiple logistic regression model testing the added risk contributed by physical abuse to adolescent psychopathology. RESULTS: Physical abuse added significantly to other risk factors in accounting for lifetime diagnoses of major depression, dysthymia, conduct disorder, drug abuse, and cigarette smoking. Physical abuse also contributed significantly to prediction of current adolescent unipolar depressive disorders, disruptive disorders, and cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Since physically abused adolescents are at greater risk for the development of psychiatric disorders, recognition of adolescent abuse and the provision of psychiatric and substance abuse services may reduce morbidity. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:954–959)
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Authors: Fred Allison, Mary Ruth Smith, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

The anti-inflammatory action of cortisone upon the acute cellular response to thermal injury has been systematically studied in the rabbit ear chamber. The hormone has been shown to suppress the reaction of acute inflammation in its earliest recognizable phase; i.e., that involving vasodilatation and the adherence of leucocytes to the vascular endothelium. Evidence has been presented that the anti-inflammatory effect of the hormone cannot be explained on the basis of its vasoconstrictive properties alone. The experimental observations support the hypothesis that cortisone exerts a direct protective action upon endothelial cells and leucocytes, and that in so doing, it renders them refractory to the tissue products which initiate inflammation.
Breast Cancer Prognosis in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutation Carriers: An International Prospective Breast Cancer Family Registry Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Pamela J. Goodwin, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Dee W. West, Marguerite Ennis, John L. Hopper, Esther M. John, Frances P. O'Malley, Roger L. Milne, Irene L. Andrulis, Michael L. Friedlander, Melissa C. Southey, Carmel Apicella, Graham G. Giles, Teri A. Longacre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose To compare breast cancer prognosis in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with that in patients with sporadic disease. Patients and Methods An international population-based cohort study was conducted in Canada, the United States, and Australia of 3,220 women with incident breast cancer diagnosed between 1995 and 2000 and observed prospectively. Ninety-three had BRCA1 mutations; 71, BRCA2 mutations; one, both mutations; 1,550, sporadic breast cancer; and 1,505, familial breast cancer (without known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation). Distant recurrence and death were analyzed. Results Mean age at diagnosis was 45.3 years; mean follow-up was 7.9 years. Risks of distant recurrence and death did not differ significantly between BRCA1 mutation carriers and those with sporadic disease in univariable and multivariable analyses. Risk of distant recurrence was higher for BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with those with sporadic disease in univariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.63; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.60; P = .04). Risk of death was also higher in BRCA2 carriers in univariable analysis (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.86; P = .01). After adjustment for age, tumor stage and grade, nodal status, hormone receptors, and year of diagnosis, no differences were observed for distant recurrence (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.61; P = 1.00) or death (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.79; P = .64). Conclusion Outcomes of BRCA1 mutation carriers were similar to those of patients with sporadic breast cancer. Worse outcomes in BRCA2 mutation carriers in univariable analysis seem to reflect the presence of more adverse tumor characteristics in these carriers. Similar outcomes were identified in BRCA2 carriers and those with sporadic disease in multivariable analyses.
Everolimus-based, calcineurin-inhibitor-free regimen in recipients of de-novo kidney transplants: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Klemens Budde, Thomas Becker, Wolfgang Arns, Claudia Sommerer, Petra Reinke, Ute Eisenberger, Stefan Kramer, Wolfgang Fischer, Harald Gschaidmeier, Frank Pietruck
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Combined targeting of co-stimulatory (OX40) and co-inhibitory (CTLA-4) pathways elicits potent effector T cells capable of driving robust anti-tumor immunity
Authors: William L Redmond, Stefanie N Linch, Melissa J Kasiewicz
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Ligation of the TNF receptor family co-stimulatory molecule OX40 (CD134) with an agonist anti-OX40 mAb enhances anti-tumor immunity by augmenting T cell differentiation as well as turning off the suppressive activity of FoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg). In addition, antibody-
Central Institutional Review Board–Facilitated Review Metrics Omit Critical Components
Authors: Michael S. Katz, Mary L. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

As cancer survivors and patient advocates, we must take issue with calculations of the impact of the central institutional review board (CIRB) on local institutional review board (IRB) protocol review times and societal costs by Wagner et al. 1 The authors' definitions of these metrics omit critical components.While the calculation of costs and benefits include both the local and central IRBs, protocol review time calculations performed by Wagner et al 1 look only at the local IRBs, concluding that review times are "33.9calendar days faster on average."CIRB has reported that their protocol review times have averaged 100 to 110 days.CIRB review must be completed before local sites can perform a facilitated review.Thus, the net impact on IRB review times, which determine how quickly a protocol can move from National Cancer Institute approval to putting patients on-study are actually slower by 66 to 76 days than a stand-alone local review.The suggestion, therefore, that there are "benefits of a more predictable and faster approval process" is not accurate.We would urge that these metrics be expanded to reflect the full impact of central review as the National Cancer Institute moves forward to understand the appropriate role for CIRB in its clinical trials.
A Bronchial Genomic Classifier for the Diagnostic Evaluation of Lung Cancer
Authors: Gerard A. Silvestri, Anil Vachani, Duncan Whitney, Michael Elashoff, Kate Porta Smith, J. Scott Ferguson, Ed Parsons, Nandita Mitra, Jerome Brody, Marc E. Lenburg, Avrum Spira
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Bronchoscopy is frequently nondiagnostic in patients with pulmonary lesions suspected to be lung cancer. This often results in additional invasive testing, although many lesions are benign. We sought to validate a bronchial-airway gene-expression classifier that could improve the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy.Current or former smokers undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer were enrolled at 28 centers in two multicenter prospective studies (AEGIS-1 and AEGIS-2). A gene-expression classifier was measured in epithelial cells collected from the normal-appearing mainstem bronchus to assess the probability of lung cancer.A total of 639 patients in AEGIS-1 (298 patients) and AEGIS-2 (341 patients) met the criteria for inclusion. A total of 43% of bronchoscopic examinations were nondiagnostic for lung cancer, and invasive procedures were performed after bronchoscopy in 35% of patients with benign lesions. In AEGIS-1, the classifier had an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.83), a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI, 83 to 92), and a specificity of 47% (95% CI, 37 to 58). In AEGIS-2, the classifier had an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.80), a sensitivity of 89% (95% CI, 84 to 92), and a specificity of 47% (95% CI, 36 to 59). The combination of the classifier plus bronchoscopy had a sensitivity of 96% (95% CI, 93 to 98) in AEGIS-1 and 98% (95% CI, 96 to 99) in AEGIS-2, independent of lesion size and location. In 101 patients with an intermediate pretest probability of cancer, the negative predictive value of the classifier was 91% (95% CI, 75 to 98) among patients with a nondiagnostic bronchoscopic examination.The gene-expression classifier improved the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy for the detection of lung cancer. In intermediate-risk patients with a nondiagnostic bronchoscopic examination, a negative classifier score provides support for a more conservative diagnostic approach. (Funded by Allegro Diagnostics and others; AEGIS-1 and AEGIS-2 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01309087 and NCT00746759.).
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Esophagus
Authors: Oliver Pech, Thomas Rabenstein, Hendrik Manner, Maria C. Petrone, Jürgen Pohl, Michael Vieth, Manfred Stolte, Christian Ell
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Animal models for arthritis: innovative tools for prevention and treatment
Authors: G. Kollias, P. Papadaki, F. Apparailly, M. J. Vervoordeldonk, R. Holmdahl, V. Baumans, C. Desaintes, J. Di Santo, J. Distler, P. Garside, M. Hegen, T. W. J. Huizinga, A. Jungel, L. Klareskog, I. McInnes, I. Ragoussis, G. Schett, B. t. Hart, P. P. Tak, R. Toes, W. van den Berg, W. Wurst, S. Gay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

The development of novel treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires the interplay between clinical observations and studies in animal models. Given the complex molecular pathogenesis and highly heterogeneous clinical picture of RA, there is an urgent need to dissect its multifactorial nature and to propose new strategies for preventive, early and curative treatments. Research on animal models has generated new knowledge on RA pathophysiology and aetiology and has provided highly successful paradigms for innovative drug development. Recent focus has shifted towards the discovery of novel biomarkers, with emphasis on presymptomatic and emerging stages of human RA, and towards addressing the pathophysiological mechanisms and subsequent efficacy of interventions that underlie different disease variants. Shifts in the current paradigms underlying RA pathogenesis have also led to increased demand for new (including humanised) animal models. There is therefore an urgent need to integrate the knowledge on human and animal models with the ultimate goal of creating a comprehensive 'pathogenesis map' that will guide alignment of existing and new animal models to the subset of disease they mimic. This requires full and standardised characterisation of all models at the genotypic, phenotypic and biomarker level, exploiting recent technological developments in 'omics' profiling and computational biology as well as state of the art bioimaging. Efficient integration and dissemination of information and resources as well as outreach to the public will be necessary to manage the plethora of data accumulated and to increase community awareness and support for innovative animal model research in rheumatology.
Effect of triac and -adrenergic blocking agents on the myocardium of developing rats
Authors: P. C PEARCE, C. M HAWKEY, C. SYMONS, E. G J OLSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Triiodothyroacetic acid, triac, when given to rats during pregnancy, causes hypertrophy and intracellular disarray in the hearts of their offspring and concurrent treatment with dl propranolol can prevent the latter abnormality. Further experiments have been carried out to test the effect of dl oxprenolol and d propranolol on triac-induced myofibrillar disarray. Administration of dl oxprenolol at the same time as triac prevented disarray but a higher dose than that of dl propranolol was required to produce this effect. Disarray was also prevented by d propranolol. Selective consideration of the membrane stabilising, β blocking and agonist activities of dl oxprenolol and d and dl propranolol leads to the conclusion that although direct or indirect β stimulation by triac may play a small part in its disruptive effect on the developing myocardium, its main deleterious action can be blocked by membrane stabilisation.
Long-pulsed neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment for port-wine stains
Authors: Marjorie U. Yang, Anna N. Yaroslavsky, William A. Farinelli, Thomas J. Flotte, Francisca Rius-Diaz, Sandy S. Tsao, R. Rox Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Randomized Controlled Trials in Critical Care Medicine
Authors: J. G. Zijlstra, J. J. M. Ligtenberg, A. R. J. Girbes
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Baroceptor Function in Chronic Renal Hypertension
Authors: J. W. MCCUBBIN, J. H. GREEN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The results of these experiments indicate that the carotid and aortic baroceptor mechanisms are reset to the hypertensive pressure levels of animals with chronic perinephritic hypertension. Thus, seemingly, the buffer reflexes tend to maintain, rather than prevent, the chronic phase of renal hypertension and are, presumably, an important component in the mechanism of chronic renal hypertension.
Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders
Authors: Harry T. Orr, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2007)

The discovery that expansion of unstable repeats can cause a variety of neurological disorders has changed the landscape of disease-oriented research for several forms of mental retardation, Huntington disease, inherited ataxias, and muscular dystrophy. The dynamic nature of these mutations provided an explanation for the variable phenotype expressivity within a family. Beyond diagnosis and genetic counseling, the benefits from studying these disorders have been noted in both neurobiology and cell biology. Examples include insight about the role of translational control in synaptic plasticity, the role of RNA processing in the integrity of muscle and neuronal function, the importance of Fe-S-containing enzymes for cellular energy, and the dramatic effects of altering protein conformations on neuronal function and survival. It is exciting that within a span of 15 years, pathogenesis studies of this class of disorders are beginning to reveal pathways that are potential therapeutic targets.
Phase I study of continuous and intermittent schedules of lapatinib in combination with vinorelbine in solid tumors
Authors: H.K. Chew, G. Somlo, P.C. Mack, B. Gitlitz, R. Gandour-Edwards, S. Christensen, H. Linden, L.J. Solis, X. Yang, A.M. Davies
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity assessment in primary care: the Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI) study
Authors: Kerem Shuval, Harold W Kohl, Ira Bernstein, Dunlei Cheng, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Carolyn E Barlow, Liu Yinghui, Loretta DiPietro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background The emerging evidence of the effects of sedentary time on health outcomes suggests a need to better measure this exposure. Healthcare settings, however, are not equipped with a tool that can quickly assess the sedentary habits of their patient population. The purpose of this study was to validate a tool for rapidly quantifying and tracking the sedentary time and low levels of daily lifestyle physical activity among primary care patients. Methods The study examined the test–retest reliability and validity of the rapid assessment disuse index (RADI) among adult patients from a large primary care clinic. Patients completed RADI (comprised of 3 items: sitting, moving and stair climbing) twice, followed by accelerometer monitoring. Test–retest reliability was computed, and the correlation between survey responses and accelerometry was determined. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results RADI was temporally stable (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.79), and a higher score was significantly correlated with greater sedentary time (ρ=0.40; p&lt;0.01), fewer sedentary to active transitions (ρ=−0.42; p&lt;0.01), and less light-intensity physical activity (ρ=−0.40; p&lt;0.01). The ability of RADI to detect patients with high levels of sedentary time was fair (AUC=0.72). Conclusions This brief assessment tool, designed to quickly identify patients with high levels of sitting and low daily physical activity, exhibits good reliability and moderate validity. RADI can assist in providing recommendations at the point of care pertaining to modifying sedentary behaviour.
Suppression of ongoing experimental myasthenia by oral treatment with an acetylcholine receptor recombinant fragment
Authors: Sin-Hyeog Im, Dora Barchan, Sara Fuchs, Miriam C. Souroujon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder in which the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the major autoantigen. In an attempt to develop an antigen-specific therapy for MG, we administered a nonmyasthenogenic recombinant fragment of AChR orally to rats. This fragment, corresponding to the extracellular domain of the human AChR alpha-subunit (Halpha1-205), protected rats from subsequently induced experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and suppressed ongoing EAMG when treatment was initiated during either the acute or chronic phases of disease. Prevention and suppression of EAMG were accompanied by a significant decrease in AChR-specific humoral and cellular responses. The underlying mechanism for the Halpha1-205-induced oral tolerance seems to be active suppression, mediated by a shift from a T-helper 1 (Th1) to a Th2/Th3 response. This shift was assessed by changes in the cytokine profile, a deviation of anti-AChR IgG isotypes from IgG2 to IgG1, and a suppressed AChR-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Our results in experimental myasthenia suggest that oral administration of AChR-specific recombinant fragments may be considered for antigen-specific immunotherapy of myasthenia gravis.
Molecular and Clinical Analysis of Locally Advanced Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Treated With Imatinib: Imatinib Target Exploration Consortium Study B2225
Authors: Grant A. McArthur, George D. Demetri, Allan van Oosterom, Michael C. Heinrich, Maria Debiec-Rychter, Christopher L. Corless, Zariana Nikolova, Sasa Dimitrijevic, Jonathan A. Fletcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose The cutaneous malignant tumor dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is typically associated with a translocation between chromosomes 17 and 22 that places the platelet-derived growth factor–B (PDGFB) under the control of the collagen 1A1 promoter. The purpose of this study was to evaluate molecular, cytogenetic, and kinase activation profiles in a series of DFSPs and to determine whether these biologic parameters are correlated with the clinical responses of DFSP to imatinib. Patients and Methods We analyzed the objective radiologic and clinical response to imatinib at 400 mg twice daily in eight patients with locally advanced DFSP and two patients with metastatic disease. Results Each of eight patients with locally advanced DFSP had evidence of t(17;22) and showed a clinical response to imatinib. Four of these patients had complete clinical responses. The two patients with metastatic disease had fibrosarcomatous histology and karyotypes that were substantially more complex than those typically associated with localized DFSP. One patient with metastatic DFSP and an associated t(17;22) had a partial response to imatinib but experienced disease progression after 7 months of therapy. In contrast, the other patient with metastatic disease had a tumor lacking t(17;22), and there was no clinical response to imatinib. Unexpectedly, there was minimal platelet-derived growth factor receptor–beta phosphorylation in the untreated DFSP, despite the documented presence of a PDGFB autocrine mechanism. Conclusion Imatinib has clinical activity against both localized and metastatic DFSP with t(17;22). However, fibrosarcomatous variants of DFSP lacking t(17;22) may not respond to imatinib.
Urinary Methylmalonic Acid to Detect Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Eric J. Norman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent Questions and Answers section, Dr Upshaw<sup>1</sup>asked which test to use to establish true functional vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency. Dr Carmel, in reply, suggested the serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) assay noting, however, its limitations of expense and specificity. Recently, a review article on this subject recommended the urinary MMA test by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.<sup>2</sup>Physicians should be aware of the advantages of the urinary MMA assay.<sup>3</sup>The test is noninvasive and requires only a random spot urine specimen. Unlike serum MMA results, urinary MMA values are normalized to creatinine levels correcting for renal insufficiency and dehydration. The urine test is available for $50, which is considerably less expensive than the serum assay. The urinary MMA test by gas chromatography mass spectrometry provides physicians with a convenient means to detect vitamin B<sub>12</sub>—deficient individuals early, allowing intervention to prevent permanent
The leukocyte integrin antagonist Del-1 inhibits IL-17-mediated inflammatory bone loss
Authors: Mehmet A Eskan, Ravi Jotwani, Toshiharu Abe, Jindrich Chmelar, Jong-Hyung Lim, Shuang Liang, Paul A Ciero, Jennifer L Krauss, Fenge Li, Martina Rauner, Lorenz C Hofbauer, Eun Young Choi, Kyoung-Jin Chung, Ahmed Hashim, Michael A Curtis, Triantafyllos Chavakis, George Hajishengallis
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)