tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Aspirin reduces acute migraine pain in adults
Authors: James Hughes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 November 2010Review: Aspirin reduces acute migraine pain in adultsJames Hughes, MDJames Hughes, MDTamworth Rural Referral Hospital, Tamworth, Australia (J.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-10-201011160-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationKirthi V, Derry S, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Aspirin with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010(4):CD008041. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20393963Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: Neurology: Reference1 Brandes JL, Kudrow D, Stark SR, et al. Sumatriptan-naproxen for acute treatment of migraine. A randomized trial. JAMA. 2007;297:1443-54. [PMID: 17405970] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tamworth Rural Referral Hospital, Tamworth, Australia (J.H.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 November 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 November 2010Volume 153, Issue 10Page: JC5-5KeywordsAdverse eventsAspirinDatabasesHeadachesMigrainePeptic ulcersResearch designRisk ratioSafetyStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 16 November 2010 Issue Published: 16 November 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Immunohistochemical studies of amyloid P component in disorders of cutaneous elastic tissue
Authors: S.M. BREATHNACH, S.M. MELROSE, B. BHOGAL, F.C. BEER, M.M. BLACK, M.B. PEPYS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Distinctive abnormalities in the immunofluorescence/immunoperoxidase staining pattern of dermal elastic tissue were observed with antibodies to serum amyloid P component (SAP) in solar elastosis, lupus erythematosus, porphyria and pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and resembled those seen with conventional elastic tissue stains. Electron microscopy of elastotic skin revealed the presence of vacuotated disintegrating elastic fibres. Islands of amorphous microfibrillar material were surrounded by a rim of specific staining with anti‐SAP, indicating an elastic tissue origin; there was no evidence for the involvement of collagen fibres in the formation of elastotic material. Immunohistochemical staining with anti‐SAP, a marker for elastic fibre microfibrils, is a useful method for the investigation of cutaneous elastic tissue disorders.
Normalizing glycosphingolipids restores function in CD4+ T cells from lupus patients
Authors: Georgia McDonald, Shantal Deepak, Laura Miguel, Cleo J. Hall, David A. Isenberg, Anthony I. Magee, Terry Butters, Elizabeth C. Jury
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Patients with the autoimmune rheumatic disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have multiple defects in lymphocyte signaling and function that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Such defects could be attributed to alterations in metabolic processes, including abnormal control of lipid biosynthesis pathways. Here, we reveal that CD4+ T cells from SLE patients displayed an altered profile of lipid raft-associated glycosphingolipids (GSLs) compared with that of healthy controls. In particular, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) levels were markedly increased. Elevated GSLs in SLE patients were associated with increased expression of liver X receptor β (LXRβ), a nuclear receptor that controls cellular lipid metabolism and trafficking and influences acquired immune responses. Stimulation of CD4+ T cells isolated from healthy donors with synthetic and endogenous LXR agonists promoted GSL expression, which was blocked by an LXR antagonist. Increased GSL expression in CD4+ T cells was associated with intracellular accumulation and accelerated trafficking of GSL, reminiscent of cells from patients with glycolipid storage diseases. Inhibition of GSL biosynthesis in vitro with a clinically approved inhibitor (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin) normalized GSL metabolism, corrected CD4+ T cell signaling and functional defects, and decreased anti-dsDNA antibody production by autologous B cells in SLE patients. Our data demonstrate that lipid metabolism defects contribute to SLE pathogenesis and suggest that targeting GSL biosynthesis restores T cell function in SLE.
They Also Serve Who Only Stand and Wait: Do Individual Clinical Researchers, Too? Hoping for Individual Patient Data As Public Domain
Authors: Keitaro Matsuo, Katsuyuki Hotta, Hiroshi Ueoka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

I was interested to read the report of Carter et al of a conservative management strategy for early prostate cancer, 1 and I agree with the authors that the term "watchful waiting" does not accurately describe their strategy.Given the overdiagnosis and lead-time bias associated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, 2 the natural history of prostate cancer following diagnosis is now far more favorable than it was in the pre-PSA era, making a conservative management strategy an attractive option for many patients.However, clinicians and patients need to understand the important distinctions between the different conservative strategies now available.The term watchful waiting was widely used during the pre-PSA era to describe a policy of observation with palliative treatment for symptomatic cancer progression.Such a policy remains appropriate for patients who, by virtue of age and comorbidities, have a relatively short life expectancy and do not have a radical treatment option.A second, and quite distinct, approach to favorable-risk early prostate cancer is to determine the need for radical treatment based on biochemical or histologic evidence of disease progression during close monitoring.The aim of this approach is to target curative treatment to the minority of patients who need it, so that the majority are spared the side effects of unnecessary treatment.This strategy was first described by Richard Choo et al as, "watchful observation with selective delayed intervention." 3At the Royal Marsden Hospital, we use the term "active surveillance" to describe this strategy. 4 These initial studies have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach, which offers patients a realistic hope of avoiding treatment side effects without detriment to their survival.Active surveillance requires a clear definition of the indications for radical treatment (usually based on PSA doubling time and the results of repeat biopsies), together with a commitment to the policy from both patient and clinician.If these are lacking, the result will be "temporarily deferred therapy," as described by Carter et al, in which men with early prostate cancer who are almost inevitably going to have radical treatment, choose to delay such therapy. 1
Diagnosing Protein Losing Enteropathy A New Approach Using Tc-99m Human Immunoglobulin
Authors: ASEEM BHATNAGAR, RAVI KASHYAP, UDAY P. S. CHAUHAN, PUSHPA MISHRA, MAHINDER K. CHOPRA, C M KHANNA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Tc-99m HIG has recently come into prominence as an inflammation seeking radiotracer. The authors describe a novel use of the agent for imaging protein-losing enteropathy. The agent may have certain advantages over Tc-99m HSA, which is currently being used for imaging protein loss.
Tegafur-Uracil Plus Gemcitabine Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated with Platinum
Authors: Takashi Seto, Takeharu Yamanaka, Makiko Nakano, Mayuko Ota, Riichiroh Maruyama, Tatsuro Okamoto, Hiroshi Wataya, Kazutsugu Uematsu, Nobuhiko Seki, Kenji Eguchi, Hiroshi Semba, Yukito Ichinose
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
The New Metric System And American Medicine
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a recent issue of a scientific journal (not yours) a new name and symbol for the kilogram are proposed. Just as we in the new world are about to move into the centimeter-gram-second system, proposals are made to change from "kg" and "kilogram" to "G" and "Giorgi." This is progress. The gentlemen with this suggestion observes that "The reasons for this are obvious." Quite so. Quite, indeed. We in the western and newer hemisphere have been ounces-and-pounds troubled for many years. Even your publication deftly doubles kilograms into pounds, but not grams into ounces. At the same time, with delicate inconsistency I find dosages in grams per square meter (no square yards) and on page 625 of the Aug 22 issue we find cubic feet of air coupled with cubic millimeters of blood in the same paragraph. I'm for an entirely new set of symbols, as
Orphanages in China require more funding
Authors: T. Hesketh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Peter Kandela's interview with Dr Zhang Shuyun is yet another contribution to the one sided picture we have been given of the situation in Chinese orphanages.1 Although the interview, which describes previous conditions in one orphanage, is not in itself contentious, it relates to a report by Human Rights Watch/Asia that made sweeping generalisations about conditions in Chinese orphanages while failing to substantiate many of the claims.2 The most worrying allegations in the report are, …
Repeated Administration of Vasopressin but Not Epinephrine Maintains Coronary Perfusion Pressure After Early and Late Administration During Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pigs
Authors: Volker Wenzel, Karl H. Lindner, Anette C. Krismer, Egfried A. Miller, Wolfgang G. Voelckel, Werner Lingnau
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —It is unknown whether repeated dosages of vasopressin or epinephrine given early or late during basic life support cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be able to increase coronary perfusion pressure above a threshold between 20 and 30 mm Hg that renders defibrillation successful. Methods and Results —After 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, followed by 3 minutes of basic life support CPR, 12 animals were randomly assigned to receive, every 5 minutes, either vasopressin (early vasopressin: 0.4, 0.4, and 0.8 U/kg, respectively; n=6) or epinephrine (early epinephrine: 45, 45, and 200 μg/kg, respectively; n=6). Another 12 animals were randomly allocated after 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, followed by 8 minutes of basic life support CPR, to receive, every 5 minutes, either vasopressin (late vasopressin: 0.4 and 0.8 U/kg, respectively; n=6), or epinephrine (late epinephrine: 45 and 200 μg/kg, respectively; n=6). Defibrillation was attempted after 22 minutes of cardiac arrest. Mean±SEM coronary perfusion pressure was significantly higher 90 seconds after early vasopressin compared with early epinephrine (50±4 versus 34±3 mm Hg, P &lt;0.02; 42±5 versus 15±3 mm Hg, P &lt;0.0008; and 37±5 versus 11±3 mm Hg, P &lt;0.002, respectively). Mean±SEM coronary perfusion pressure was significantly higher 90 seconds after late vasopressin compared with late epinephrine (40±3 versus 22±4 mm Hg, P &lt;0.004, and 32±4 versus 15±4 mm Hg, P &lt;0.01, respectively). All vasopressin animals survived 60 minutes, whereas no epinephrine pig had return of spontaneous circulation ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —Repeated administration of vasopressin but only the first epinephrine dose given early and late during basic life support CPR maintained coronary perfusion pressure above the threshold that is needed for successful defibrillation.
Heat-shock proteins in infection-mediated inflammation-induced tumorigenesis
Authors: Mark G Goldstein, Zihai Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Inflammation is a necessary albeit insufficient component of tumorigenesis in some cancers. Infectious agents directly implicated in tumorigenesis have been shown to induce inflammation. This process involves both the innate and adaptive components of the immune system which contribute to tumor angiogenesis, tumor tolerance and metastatic properties of neoplasms. Recently, heat-shock proteins have been identified as mediators of this inflammatory process and thus may provide a link between infection-mediated inflammation and subsequent cancer development. In this review, the role of heat-shock proteins in infection-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis will be discussed.
On the impact of NO–globin interactions in the cardiovascular system
Authors: A GODECKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

During the last years, many reports have provided evidence that the concept of a simple, diffusion-controlled action of NO must be extended by the existence of storage and long-distance transport forms of NO suitable to extend the half-life of the NO radical. In addition, hemoglobin (myoglobin)-dependent formation of NO may account for an additional NO source in the vasculature and in red muscle. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that the specific subcellular localization of NO synthase isoforms is a critical determinant for their proper biological function. However, it remains obscure how a localized mode of NO action may occur without effective barriers that prevent the diffusion of NO released at a specific site within a cell to other compartments. Members of the globin family of proteins, mainly hemoglobin and myoglobin, have been found to play important roles in all of these processes.
Immunochemical techniques in biological monitoring.
Authors: M H Rosner, J A Grassman, R A Haas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Immunoassays are analytical methods that detect interactions between antibodies and antigens. Immunoassays were used originally to detect large biological molecules. The new generation of these antibody-based assays can detect small synthetic compounds. As a result, immunoassays are being developed specifically for biomarkers of exposure and effect to environmentally prevalent chemicals. Immunochemical detection of parent compounds in blood and tissues, metabolites in excreta, and adducts with DNA and protein have been successfully performed by several investigators. Although there is great potential for use of immunoassays in biological monitoring studies, the limitations of these analyses must be fully understood to prevent improper evaluation of the acquired data. This review will cover some of the background material necessary to understand how an antibody-based assay is developed. The differences between polyclonal and monoclonal antibody-based assays and the importance of antibody class, affinity, specificity, and cross-reactivity must be considered in both study design and data analysis.
Five and Ten Year Indexes for NEJM
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Although the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and similar institutions make use of ever more sophisticated and comprehensive retrieval systems, the individual physician has but a few means to contend with the information glut. He can rip a journal and then file the items according to some system whose utility and dependability are usually inversely related to its simplicity and ease of maintenance. Or he can read and keep a selected and necessarily small group of periodicals. A collection of old issues, whether neatly bound or piled in some recess, is of limited value, however, if the desired article that . . .
Lead Exposure among Children — A Reassessment
Authors: Jane S. Lin-Fu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Lead, a useful but toxic metal, occurs naturally in the ecosystem. It has been mined and processed for many centuries, but its dispersion in the human environment rose sharply only after industrialization. Studies of the lead concentrations of chronologic snow layers in quiescent Greenland ice sheets have revealed a dramatic increase in the layer corresponding to 1750, the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and a steep upward trend after 1940. In 1965, the lead concentration in Greenland snow was 400 times the natural level present in 800 B.C.1 Today, world lead production is about 2.5 million tons per year, approximately . . .
Myocardial infarction and thalassemia trait: An example of heterozygote advantage
Authors: Cheng‐Hsu Wang, Robert F. Schilling
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that thalassemia trait diminishes the likelihood of myocardial infarction. If the hypothesis is true the prevalence of thalassemia trait should be less in myocardial infarct patients than in a control population. Blood counts and blood chemistry data from 500 men in Taiwan with a discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction were recorded, and similar data were gathered on 500 men admitted to the same hospital for a routine check-up. Thalassemia trait was diagnosed via a discriminant function applied to the red blood cell count and indices. The study was done in a large modern hospital in Taipei; 14 of the 500 infarct patients and 33 of the 500 non-infarct subjects had thalassemia trait as defined here. The prevalence of thalassemia trait in myocardial infarct patients is significantly less than in the control subjects. This case control study supports the hypothesis that thalassemia trait lessens the risk of myocardial infarction.
Routine Pulmonary Function Tests During Bleomycin Therapy
Authors: Benjamin M. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) studies in two patients with proved interstitial fibrosis after low doses of bleomycin were contrasted with these measurements in 21 patients who received bleomycin without toxicity. The FVC decreased significantly (20% or more) in both fibrosis patients and in seven others. In one fibrosis patient and in three others the results could be explained by weakness. The DLco fell in both patients with fibrosis and in 12 others. Correction for decrease in hemoglobin level accounted for the change in one of the toxic patients and seven of the others, but hemoglobin correction made two insignificant changes significant and increased therapy values above control four times. Since these tests have many false-positive results and can be affected by weakness and anemia leading to false-negative results their use is ineffective and may be misleading. (<i>JAMA</i>243:347-351, 1980)
More on Specialists' Motivations and Movements
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Specialists and their societies are not in favor these days.Allegedly, they are elitist, seduce young physicians from general practice and make, in applying their technologic skills, too much money. But then no one really wants to eliminate specialization, necessary as it is to provide so-called tertiary care and to apply the sophisticated devices of modern engineering in the diagnosis and management of appropriate patients.Specialists and their societies are, moreover, not without their virtues, often unrecognized. One of them is an altruistic motivation to expand what is known about their own pet diseases. Take, for example, the report by . . .
Increased vascular resistance in vasodilated skin an indicator of diabetic microangiopathy?
Authors: I. B FARIS, N. A LASSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

The method of isotope clearance has been used to investigate the vascular resistance in skin in severely atherosclerotic patients with and without diabetes. Dilatation of the skin vessels was achieved by the injection of histamine with a radioactive tracer (99mTc). The perfusion pressure of the skin was varied by applying graded external counter pressure over the injected area. The blood flow at any given perfusion pressure was lower (and thus the resistance higher) in the diabetic subjects (P = 0.01). These results could be explained if there was microangiopathy affecting the skin vessels.
Reduction of Ca2+ channel activity by hypoxia in human and porcine coronary myocytes
Authors: T Smani, A Hernández, J Ureña, A.G Castellano, A Franco-Obregón, A Ordoñez, J López-Barneo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Oxygen (O2) tension is a major regulator of blood flow in the coronary circulation. Hypoxia can produce vasodilation through activation of ATP regulated K+ (KATP) channels in the myocyte membrane, which leads to hyperpolarization and closure of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. However, there are other O2-sensitive mechanisms intrinsic to the vascular smooth muscle since hypoxia can relax vessels precontracted with high extracellular K+, a condition that prevents hyperpolarization following opening of K+ channels. The objective of the present study was to determine whether inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent channels participates in the response of coronary myocytes to hypoxia. Methods: Experiments were performed on porcine anterior descendent coronary arterial rings and on enzymatically dispersed human and porcine myocytes of the same artery. Cytosolic [Ca2+] was measured by microfluorimetry and whole-cell currents were recorded with the patch clamp technique. Results: Hypoxia (O2 tension≈20 mmHg) dilated endothelium-denuded porcine coronary arterial rings precontracted with high K+ in the presence of glibenclamide (5 μM), a blocker of KATP channels. In dispersed human and porcine myocytes, low O2 tension decreased basal cytosolic [Ca2+] and transmembrane Ca2+ influx independently of K+ channel activation. In patch clamped cells, hypoxia reversibly inhibited L-type Ca2+ channels. RT–PCR indicated that rHT is the predominant mRNA variant of the α1C Ca2+ channel subunit in human coronary myocytes. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates, for the first time in a human preparation, that voltage-gated Ca2+channels in coronary myocytes are under control of O2 tension.
PRECONCEPTIONAL AND PRENATAL INFLUENCES AFFECTING THE NEW-BORN
Authors: LEE BIVINGS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In attempting to determine the causes of umbilical hernia in the Negro it was noticed that there was a definite relationship between variations in the incidence of hernia, birth rate, average birth weight, prematurity and deaths during the first week of life. Seasonal variations occurring consistently in each study strongly suggest the importance of the preconceptional and early prenatal periods and give some indications as to possible causes.  Since syphilis might influence some of these conditions, all cases in which either the mother or the infant showed a positive Wassermann reaction were excluded.  BIRTH RATE  There were 5,564 live Negro births in Atlanta during 1930, 1931 and 1932. There was an average of 491 infants born during the winter quarter, 458 in spring, 454 in summer, and 440 in the fall. The low rate of 440 in the fall corresponds to the group conceived during the winter quarter and the
Expression and localization of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the repair process of rat liver injury
Authors: Osamu Hioki, Masami Minemura, Yukihiro Shimizu, Yoshiro Kasii, Hiroshi Nishimori, Terumi Takahara, Kiyohiro Higuchi, Yoshino Yoshitake, Katsuzo Nishikawa, Akiharu Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)