tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD28 induces immunostimulatory signals in dendritic cells via CD80 and CD86
Authors: Ciriana Orabona, Ursula Grohmann, Maria Laura Belladonna, Francesca Fallarino, Carmine Vacca, Roberta Bianchi, Silvia Bozza, Claudia Volpi, Benoît L Salomon, Maria Cristina Fioretti, Luigina Romani, Paolo Puccetti
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Remarks on Dr. Inman's Paper 'On the Influence OE Vitality upon Secretion'
Authors: J. K. Spender
Journal: BMJ (1859)

BaMn MmioiaI Jo3wA] ORIMGIN OMMNIATl1OIl_LJmi. 40 ls.. present; but taking these five cases, we see three lives aved that would otherwise have been lost.The results of all the operations performed during the past fifteen months in London, shew rather more than one out of two successful; and I have
A third of GPs are considering retirement, BMA survey finds
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A third of GPs in the United Kingdom are considering retiring from general practice in the next five years, a survey of the profession has found.

The survey of GPs, carried out by ICM Unlimited on behalf of the BMA, received 15 560 responses from across the UK. It found that just over a third of GPs (34%) were considering retiring from general practice in the next five years. …
Molecular spectrum of α‐thalassemia in the Iranian population of Hormozgan: Three novel point mutation defects
Authors: C.L. Harteveld, M. Yavarian, A. Zorai, E.D. Quakkelaar, P. van Delft, P.C. Giordano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

We describe the molecular spectrum of alpha-thalassemia mutations in a population sample of newborns in the South-Iranian province of Hormozgan. Out of 660 randomly collected blood samples 218 (33%) had visibly elevated Hb Bart's. DNA was extracted from 78 samples out of this selection (n=156), of which 114 alleles were found to carry an alpha-thalassemia defect. Besides the common -alpha3.7 (79.1%), -alpha4.2 (1.7%), and alpha-5nt alpha alleles (4.3%), three novel nondeletional alpha-thalassemia mutations were found; the alpha2 cd19 (-G) frameshift mutation (12.2%), the alpha1 IVS1-148(A-->G) (0.9%) affecting the splice acceptor site consensus sequence and the cd14 (TGG-->TAG) (0.9%), which creates a premature stop codon in the first exon of the alpha1-gene. A fourth mutation in the alpha1-gene, the IVS1-38 (C-->T) (0.9%) of undetermined effect, was found in an individual heterozygous for the alpha2 cd19(-G) mutation.
Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study, 1994-2006
Authors: D A Corley, A Kubo, T R Levin, G Block, L Habel, G Rumore, C Quesenberry, P Buffler
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To evaluate the demographics and incidence of Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis using community-based data. <h3>Design:</h3> Observational study. <h3>Setting:</h3> Kaiser Permanente, Northern California healthcare membership, 1994–2006. <h3>Patients:</h3> Members with an electronic diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus. <h3>Main outcome measures:</h3> Incidence and prevalence of a new Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis by race, sex, age and calendar year. <h3>Results:</h3> 4205 persons met the study definition for a diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus. The annual incidence in 2006 was highest among non-Hispanic whites (39/100 000 race-specific member-years, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 35 to 43), with lower rates among Hispanics (22/100 000, 95% CI 16 to 29), Asians (16/100 000, 95% CI 11 to 22), and blacks (6/100 000, 95% CI 2 to 12). The annual incidence was higher among men than women (31 vs 17/100 000, respectively, year 2006; p&lt;0.01). The incidence increased with age from 2 per 100 000 for persons aged 21–30 years, to a peak of 31 per 100 000 member-years for persons aged 61–70 years (year 2006). There was no increase in the incidence of new diagnoses until the last two observation years, which coincided with changes in data collection methods and may be due to bias. The overall prevalence among active members increased almost linearly to 131/100 000 member-years by 2006. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The demographic distributions of Barrett's oesophagus differ markedly by race, age and sex and were comparable to those for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Thus, demographic disparities in oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk may arise partly from the risk of having Barrett's oesophagus, rather than from differing risks of progression from Barrett's oesophagus to cancer. There has been an almost linear increase in the prevalence of diagnosed disease.
GUNSHOT INJURY TO THE BRAIN INVOLVING BOTH CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL TISSUE
Authors: J. S. Bury
Journal: BMJ (1921)

CASE III.G. B., a male, aged 55, had suffered from pain in his right iliac region for..several months, probably more tiain a year- He had had difficulty in getting -his bQwels moved, and had lost weght.-On exKam'ination of his abdOni6n a hard, irregular mass could be felt' in the right iliac region.It was freely movalole and was not tender.It was thought to be a carciuoma of the caecum.On October 5th, 1920, under chloro- form and ether, the abdomen was opened by a vertical incision through the right recttus.The caecum, which was invaded by a ca-cinomatous gro'wth, was removed with its mnesentery, containing enlarged lymphatic glands.About 4 in. of the ileum and 4 in. of -the ascending colon were removed.An end-to-end junction was made by simple suture with linen thread.I show the specimen removed, and you will notice that in this case also the growth was confined to the caecum, thc appendix not' being involved.The patient's after-progress was at first satisfactory.The stutires were removed -from the abdomen on October 14th, when the wound was -healed, with the exception of a sinus where the tube -had been inserted.Three days later he began to fail, and he died of exhaustion on October 20th.CASE IV.R. P., a mnale, aged 68, had suffered from partial obstruction of the bowels for six weeks.The obstruction had been con- plete for a week.He bad been vomiting for two days.The abdomen was tense and distended.Nothing could be felt.On October 11th, 1920, uinder chloroform auId ether, a vertical incision was made throulgh thle left rectus muscle.On intro- ducing the hand, a mass of new growth (carcinoma) was felt in the caecum.A Paul's tuibe was tied' into the -lower end of the ileum and abotut 50 oz. of foul-smelling intestinal contents drained off.The loop of intestine was fixed on the abdominal surface.The following day the patient was much improved, another 50 oz. of intestinal contents having drained away during the night.Chloroform and ether was again administered.About 12 in. of the small intestine was resected (including the aperture of the Paul's tube).The distal end was closed and retturned to the ibdomen ;-th^a proximal end was sewn into the transverse colon by simple suture with-linen thread.I was unable to bring out the descending colon easily.The patient progressod satisfactorily for three days and then became weaker.His breatbing was laboured, and he died on October 16th, 'at
Pathophysiology of joint pain.
Authors: B L Kidd, V H Morris, L Urban
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

The diversity of symptoms experienced by patients with musculoskeletal pain is in stark contrast to the relative paucity of effective treatment.The intensity and character of symptoms vary considerably and may be independent of the underlying disease.In some patients, pain may occur in the absence of demonstrable pathology, whereas in others obviously damaged joints may be relatively symptom free.The past few decades have seen a move away from the concept of a 'fixed' pain pathway towards acceptance of a more flexible system capable of a wide range of responses to varied stimuli.It is now appreciated that tissue injury and inflammation produce prolonged changes in the function and activity of the nervous system.This review will focus first on peripheral events leading to sensitisation and abnormal excitation of sensory nerves, and second on central mechanisms resulting in enhanced transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and elsewhere.While many aspects of clinical pain remain unclear, the relevance of these mechanisms to symptoms arising as a consequence of musculoskeletal disease will be explored.
The Effect of Dicumarol on the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Normal Men
Authors: James L. Palmer, Sven M. Gundersen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

OUR interest in the possible effect of dicumarol [3, 3′-methylenebis (4–hydroxycoumarin)] on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in human beings was aroused when we began to use the drug in an increasing number of cases of acute myocardial infarction. Experience suggested that the sedimentation rates in the patients receiving dicumarol remained elevated over a longer period than would otherwise have occurred, especially when judged in terms of general clinical progress. As is well known, the sedimentation rate is one of the most valuable of the available tests in following the course of these patients. When the question of the influence of . . .
62 FIBROLAMELLAR CARCINOMAS DEMONSTRATE A SPECIFIC GENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC PATTERN AMONG THE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCICOMAS
Authors: J. Zucman-Rossi, G. Couchy, S. Imbeaud, S. Rebouissou, C. Balabaud, P. Bioulac-Sage, P. Laurent-Puig
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Management of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stephen R. Yarnall
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The data presented by Wenger et al on current physician practice in management of patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarctions (224:511, 1973) are largely confirmed by the data in our ongoing prospective case registry involving 53 of 96 licensed Washington hospitals and a case volume of over 7,700 per year admitted to special cardiac care units for all causes.  There appears to be a significant difference in the median length of total hospital stay that is reported as 21 days in the Wenger paper and is found to be 17 days in our study, including a mean stay in the cardiac care units of 6.6 days (with definite infarcts).  I would like to comment on standard exercise tests following uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Though we agree with the authors that clinical judgment has limitations in assessing cardiac function and that standardized exercise tests are useful, we would also like
Raman spectroscopy provides chemical mappings of atherosclerotic plaques in APOE•3 leiden transgenic mice
Authors: T.J. Römer, H.P. Buschman, G.J. Puppels, J.F. Brennan, A. van der Laarse, J.W. Jukema, L.M. Havekes, A.V. Bruschke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Spontaneous disintegration of a retained video capsule in a patient with cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis: a rare complication
Authors: I. Tachecí, A. Ryška, S. Rejchrt, M. Kopáčová, V. Hořava, J. Bureš
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 36-year-old woman with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss underwent capsule endoscopy after a normal enteroclysis. The capsule study revealed small-bowel ulcers and erosions and a diagnosis of cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis was made [1] [2] ([Fig. 1], [2]). Enteropathy due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use, Crohn’s disease, and celiac disease were all ruled out. Asymptomatic capsule retention in the ileum was diagnosed subsequently ([Fig. 3]). The patient was not fit for surgery. She died after 7 months as a result of bilateral bronchopneumonia complicated by sepsis. At autopsy, six short stenosing strictures and a video capsule disintegrated into three parts were discovered in the distal ileum ([Fig. 4]). Histological examination revealed superficial erosions and reparative changes with granulation tissue and scar formation in the mucosa and submucosa ([Fig. 5]).
Hidradenitis suppurativa or acne inversa. A clinicopathological study of early lesions
Authors: J. BOER, E.F. WELTEVREDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has given rise to controversy about whether the central pathogenetic feature is an apocrine follicular occlusion (with subsequent bacterial infection) or it is a folliculitis with secondary involvement of both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. Most previous concepts have focused on apocrine gland involvement. A prospective study of 27 consecutive patients (39 biopsies) was performed to investigate the immune-histological findings in early, newly formed lesions. Most of them were examined within 3 days of clinical onset. Histopathological findings showed that the initial lesion is an occluding spongiform infundibulo-folliculitis. Furthermore, it was found that T cells predominated in the lymphocytic cell population. A high percentage of HLA-DR positive lymphocytes was found in an inverse relationship with Leu-8 positive lymphocytes. Additionally, a sharp decline in the T-helper/suppressor ratio was observed after the initiation. These results reveal that the primary event in HS is an infundibulofolliculitis with secondary involvement of apocrine glands. Acne inversa would be a more appropriate name.
The aging patient with hemophilia
Authors: Barbara A. Konkle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

The prospects for many boys born with hemophilia today include a normal life expectancy and minimal to no joint disease. However, despite the availability of safe replacement clotting factor concentrates and effective antiviral treatment, the aging patient with hemophilia today faces many challenges. These include management of their hemophilia as well as the same age-related health issues as experienced in the general population. While increasing, data on the prevalence of comorbidities and their management in the hemophilia population remain limited. This review will focus on issues related to management of hemophilia and complications of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, hepatic, and renal disease. Available research is summarized and potential approaches to management are discussed.
Treating malaria in Africa
Authors: Brian Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (2004)

empower patients.It was proposed in 2001, 8 yet the government has so far ignored the idea.The human tissue authority should also be subject to greater parliamentary accountability, and the licensing requirements need to be more tightly defined to avoid pointless bureaucracy.The poor wording of the bill also needs to be addressed; seeking to create legislative flexibility is not an excuse for ambiguous and complex drafting.If the human tissue bill is not amended then it will ultimately fail the public; perceived improvements in the regulation of human tissue will come at the price of less medical research, education, and training.
Developmental and Adaptive Functioning in Children With Retinoblastoma: A Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Victoria W. Willard, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Si Chen, Hui Zhang, Rachel Brennan, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Matthew W. Wilson, Sean Phipps
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To determine the developmental trajectory of early cognitive and adaptive skills in young children with retinoblastoma from diagnosis to 5 years of age. Patients and Methods Ninety-four patients with retinoblastoma treated according to an institutional protocol underwent serial assessments of cognitive and adaptive functioning at age 6 months and 1, 2, 3, and 5 years. Data were analyzed by treatment strata, with patients with 13q deletion analyzed separately. Results At baseline, across all patients (except those with 13q deletion), developmental functioning was comparable with the normative mean, with mean scores for all strata within the average range. However, at age 5 years, developmental functioning was in the low average range and significantly below normative means. The trajectories of developmental functioning demonstrated significant decline over time, although this varied by treatment group/strata. Patients treated with enucleation only evidenced the greatest decline in cognitive functioning; significant change was not observed in patients treated with other modalities. Notable declines in parent-reported communication skills were observed in the majority of patients. Patients with 13q deletion evidenced delayed cognitive functioning at baseline, but minimal declines were observed through age 3 years. However, significant decreases in adaptive functioning were demonstrated over time for the 13q deletion subset. Conclusion The declines in functioning observed in this study were unexpected, as was the poorer performance of the enucleation-only group. This highlights the necessity of continuing to assess cognitive functioning in patients with retinoblastoma as they age. Additional research is necessary to determine the long-term trajectory of cognitive development in this population.
Holobiont nutrition
Authors: Jens Walter, Inés Martínez, Devin J. Rose
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Intake of whole grains and other food products high in dietary fiber have long been linked to the prevention of chronic diseases associated with inflammation. A contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota to these effects has been suggested, but little is known on how whole grains interact with gut bacteria. We have recently published the first human trial that made use of next-generation sequencing to determine the effect of whole grains (whole grain barley, brown rice or a mixture of the two) on fecal microbiota structure and tested for associations between the gut microbiota and blood markers of inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. Our study revealed that whole grains impacted gut microbial ecology by increasing microbial diversity and inducing compositional alterations, some of which are considered to have beneficial effects on the host. Interestingly, whole grains, and in particular the combination of whole grain barley and brown rice, caused a reduction in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), which was linked to compositional features of the gut microbiota. Therefore, the study provided evidence that a short-term increased intake of whole grains led to compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in systemic inflammation. In this addendum, we summarize the findings of the study and provide a perspective on the importance of regarding humans as holobionts when considering the health effects of dietary strategies.
p38MAPK-Dependent Sensitivity of Ewing's Sarcoma Family of Tumors to Fenretinide-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Stephen S. Myatt, Christopher P.F. Redfern, Susan A. Burchill
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: There is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies in Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). In this study, we have evaluated the effect of fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide] in ESFT models. Experimental Design: The effect of fenretinide on viable cell number and apoptosis of ESFT cell lines and spheroids and growth of s.c. ESFT in nu/nu mice was investigated. The role of the stress-activated kinases p38MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in fenretinide-induced death was investigated by Western blot and inhibitor experiments. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential were investigated by flow cytometry. Results: Fenretinide induced cell death in all ESFT cell lines examined in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ESFT cells were more sensitive to fenretinide than the neuroblastoma cell lines examined. Furthermore, fenretinide induced cell death in ESFT spheroids and delayed s.c. ESFT growth in mice. p38MAPK was activated within 15 minutes of fenretinide treatment and was dependent on ROS accumulation. Inhibition of p38MAPK activity partially rescued fenretinide-mediated cell death in ESFT but not in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase was activated after 4 hours and was dependent on ROS accumulation but not on activation of p38MAPK. After 8 hours, fenretinide induced mitochondrial depolarization (Δψm) and release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm in a ROS- and p38MAPK-dependent manner. Conclusions: These data show that the high sensitivity of ESFT cells to fenretinide is dependent in part on the rapid and sustained activation of p38MAPK. The efficacy of fenretinide in preclinical models demands the evaluation of fenretinide as a potential therapeutic agent in ESFT.
PROLONGED ATYPICAL ILLNESS ASSOCIATED WITH SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF PERSISTENT EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Martin Tobi, Zohar Ravid, Vera Feldman-Weiss, Eldad Ben-Chetrit, Abraham Morag, Israel Chowers, Yosef Michaeli, Meir Shalit, Hilla Knobler
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Relation between osmolality of diet and gastrointestinal side effects in enteral nutrition.
Authors: P P Keohane, H Attrill, M Love, P Frost, D B Silk
Journal: BMJ (1984)

One hundred and eighteen patients with normal gastrointestinal function were randomly allocated to one of three feeding regimens in a double blind study to determine the relation between the tonicity of the diet and gastrointestinal side effects related to the diet and to evaluate the efficacy of "starter" regimens in reducing gastrointestinal side effects during enteral nutrition. Patients received a hypertonic diet with an osmolality of 430 mmol (mosmol)/kg (group 1), the same diet but with the osmolality increasing from 145 to 430 mmol/kg over the first four days (group 2), or an isotonic diet (300 mmol/kg) (group 3). All diets were prepared aseptically and administered by 24 hour nasogastric infusion. The mean daily nitrogen intake in group 1 was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than that in both groups 2 and 3, and the mean overall daily nitrogen balance was significantly better (p less than 0.05) in group 1 than groups 2 and 3. The incidence of side effects related to the diet was similar in all three groups, but diarrhoea was significantly (p less than 0.001) associated with concurrent treatment with antibiotics. These findings show that undiluted hypertonic diet results in significantly better nitrogen intake and balance, that starter regimens reduce nutrient intake but not symptoms, and that diarrhoea is significantly related to treatment with antibiotics and not to administration of an undiluted hypertonic polymeric diet.
THE THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF SOME OF THE MINERAL WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES UPON MALARIAL DISEASES...
Authors: W.C. VAN BIBBER
Journal: JAMA (1988)

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