tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perceived and Actual Level of Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus Among Nurses
Authors: Janice A Drass, Joanne Muir-Nash, Priscilla C Boykin, Jane M Turek, Karen L Baker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The purpose of this study was to survey staff nurses on their perceived and actual level of knowledge of diabetes mellitus. A convenience sample of 184 professional staff nurses from both inpatient and outpatient settings of a large research-teaching hospital was surveyed. The Diabetes Self-Report Tool (Cronbach's alpha = .91) was used to assess staff nurses' perceptions of knowledge of diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes: Basic Knowledge Test (DBKT; Cronbach's alpha = .79) was used to measure the actual level of knowledge of diabetes mellitus. The data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficients. A moderately low negative correlation (r = -.36, P less than .001) indicated that the staff nurses' perceived knowledge of diabetes mellitus was inversely related to actual knowledge. Subjects were found to have a mean score of 64% on the DBKT. Study findings raise questions as to the adequacy of staff nurse knowledge of diabetes and the ability of staff nurses to assess themselves for knowledge deficits.
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ECZEMATOUS DISEASES
Authors: Richard B. Stoughton
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The question whether the habitual use of soap on the skin has any favorable or unfavorable influence on the course of eczematous eruptions led to this study of 250 patients. Of these, 246 were available in a final assessment of over-all impression of improvement after five weeks of standard therapy. During this period, 124 had regularly used the same common brand of toilet soap for routine hand washing and bathing while the others had not. The four groups of patients (with neurodermatitis, dermatitis venenata, infantile eczema, and eczematous hand dermatitis) differed in their responsiveness to treatment, dermatitis venenata being the most responsive, and infantile eczema the most refractory, but in none of the four groups was there a significant difference between those who used the soap and those who did not.
768-2 Non-culprit Lesions in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Multiple Plaque Rupture in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Hugo H. Castaño, Herman K. Gold, Tsunehiro Yasuda, Hiroyuki Matsuura, Robert D. Dinsmore, John B. Newell, Igor F. Palacios, Erling Falk, Pedro R. Moreno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Abstract 12: <i>JAK2</i>V617F drives Mcl-1 expression and sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to dual inhibition of JAK2 and Bcl-XL
Authors: Jun Guo, Lisa Roberts, Jeffrey B. Kraft, Philip J. Merta, Keith B. Glaser, Omar J. Shah
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Constitutive activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) axis is fundamental to the molecular pathogenesis of a host of hematological disorders, including acute leukemias and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). We demonstrate here that the major JAK2 mutation observed in these diseases (JAK2V617F) enforces Mcl-1 transcription via STAT3 and STAT5 signaling. Targeting this lesion with JAK inhibitor I (JAKi-I), attenuates STAT3 binding to the Mcl-1 promoter and suppresses Mcl-1 transcript and protein expression. The neutralization of Mcl-1 in JAK2V617F-harboring acute leukemia lines sensitizes them to apoptosis induced by the BH3-mimetic and Bcl-XL/Bcl-2 inhibitor, ABT-263. Moreover, simultaneously targeting JAK and Bcl-XL/-2 is synergistic in the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation. These findings suggest that JAK/Bcl-XL/-2 inhibitor combination therapy may have applicability in a range of hematological disorders characterized by activating JAK2 mutations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 12. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-12
Hurst's the Heart: Arteries and Veins
Authors: Catherine M. Otto
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<b>Hurst's the Heart, Companion Handbook</b>, edited by Robert C. Schlant and Wayne Alexander, 538 pp, with illus, soft cover $27.50, ISBN 0-07-055469-2, New York, NY, McGraw-Hill, 1995. The new edition of<i>Hurst's the Heart</i>provides an updated reference source on cardiovascular disease. In order to provide focused, up-to-date reviews of the entire spectrum of clinical cardiology, the editors have divided the text into 143 chapters with more than 200 contributing authors. Chapters are grouped by clinical presentation, for example, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, and rhythm disorders. Within each category, the emphasis of specific chapters ranges from basic biochemistry and pathology through clinical diagnosis to medical and surgical management. This compendium of medical knowledge with its detailed reference lists will be most valuable to practicing clinicians, including general internists and subspecialists in cardiovascular disease. In using this text as a reference guide for clinical problems encountered
Comparison of density of sympathetic varicosities and their closeness to smooth muscle cells in rabbit middle cerebral and ear arteries and their branches.
Authors: J T Dodge, R D Bevan, J A Bevan
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The density and nerve varicosity-smooth muscle cell separation of rabbit cerebral and ear arterial beds were compared. The rabbit middle cerebral artery and three of its successive branches and a comparable-sized ear artery and two branches were perfusion-fixed for electron microscopy and analyzed by quantitative morphometric procedures. The purpose was to determine if there are structural correlates to previously observed differences in the sympathetic control of these two vascular systems. The in vitro contractile response of isolated artery segments to electrical field stimulation of their intramural nerves is considerably less in cerebral arteries compared with the similar-sized ear arteries. Furthermore, in the cerebral but not the ear circulation, there is progressive diminution of the neurogenic response with successive branching. Although the total varicosity densities of the major ear and brain arteries studied are similar, and this parameter stays fairly constant with successive branching of the ear, it falls off considerably in the cerebral vessels. There is a significant difference in densities between the two vascular beds when "bare" varicosities located &lt; 1 micron from the medial smooth muscle are compared. The second-order branch of the ear artery has an average of 18 bare varicosities per 500-micron circumference, and the corresponding cerebral vessel has only 2.8 bare varicosities per 500-micron circumference. The mean bare varicosity-smooth muscle cell separation (mean +/- SEM) is significantly (P &lt; .05) less in the ear (1.18 +/- 0.06 microns) than in the cerebral arteries (4.95 +/- 0.23 microns). This is true of all vessels studied. Fifty-nine percent of the bare varicosities in the ear arteries are &lt; 1 micron from the smooth muscle cells, and 1.2% are more distant than 5 microns. These values for cerebral vessels are 9.5% and 37%, respectively. In the ear vessels, 25% of the bare varicosities make close neuromuscular contact (within 500 nm of the smooth muscle), whereas only 3% do so in cerebral vessels; in cerebral compared with ear vessels, the percentage becomes significantly less with branching. These structural features of brain vessels, taken together with the lower sensitivity to and the diminished capacity to respond to norepinephrine, probably account for their weak neurogenic control. The results indicate that the cerebral circulation of the rabbit receives a sympathetic innervation that is relatively ineffective in altering cerebrovascular tone.
Clinical risk factors for pulmonary barotrauma: a multivariate analysis.
Authors: R B Gammon, M S Shin, R H Groves, J M Hardin, C Hsu, S E Buchalter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Previous investigations have suggested that elevated airway pressures increase the risk of ventilator-induced pneumothorax. However, risk factor analysis using multivariate techniques has not been done. We investigated the hypothesis that airway pressures would not independently correlate with pneumothorax when underlying disease was considered. All ventilated patients over a 1 yr period in the Hohenburg Critical Care Unit at the University of Alabama were followed until death or discharge from the ICU. Ventilator data were collected daily and the presence of pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax determined by review of chest radiographs. Maximal values of airway pressures, minute ventilation, tidal volume, and respiratory rate, as well as age, sex, and underlying disease, were entered into logistic regression analysis. A total of 168 patients was studied, and 20 experienced pneumothorax. Multivariate analysis of the entire ventilated population revealed that only the presence of ARDS independently correlated with pneumothorax. A similar analysis performed on the ARDS population revealed independent correlation only with male sex. Trends toward elevation in airway pressures were seen that did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that development of pneumothorax is most closely correlated with underlying disease, specifically ARDS, and that the associations previously noted between airway pressures and barotrauma largely relate to the occurrence of high airway pressures in ARDS.
SOCS1 restricts dendritic cells' ability to break self tolerance and induce antitumor immunity by regulating IL-12 production and signaling
Authors: K. Evel-Kabler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

DC-based tumor vaccine research has largely focused on enhancing DC maturation/costimulation and antigen presentation in order to break tolerance against self tumor-associated antigens. DC immunization can activate autoreactive T cells but rarely causes autoimmune pathologies, indicating that self tolerance at the host level is still maintained in the vaccinated hosts. This study in mice reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for the control of self tolerance at the host level by DCs through the restriction of positive cytokine feedback loops by cytokine signaling inhibitor SOCS1. The study further finds the requirement of persistent antigen presentation by DCs for inducing pathological autoimmune responses against normal tissues and tumor, which can be achieved by silencing SOCS1 to unleash the unbridled signaling of IL-12 and the downstream cytokine cascade. However, the use of higher-affinity self peptides, enhancement of DC maturation, and persistent stimulation with cytokines or TLR agonists fail to break tolerance and induce pathological antitumor immunity. Thus, this study indicates the necessity of inhibiting SOCS1, an antigen presentation attenuator, to break self tolerance and induce effective antitumor responses.
Differential Diagnosis: Distinguishing Between Ghostwriting and Professional Medical Writing in Biomedical Journals—Reply
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Subcutaneous Phycomycosis: A Review of 31 Cases Seen in Uganda
Authors: D. P. Burkitt, A. M. M. Wilson, D. B. Jelliffe
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Case 14 (9 September 1962); and Case 16 (17 February 1963). Case 5 received 10 further courses of melphalan, and the disease remained well controlled until the last 10 weeks of life, when the growth extended extremely rapidly.He received one further course of radiotherapy for local pain.Case 9 received eight further courses of melphalan, and the disease was well controlled except for local pain from pathological fractures of ribs which was relieved by irradiation.At post-mortem examination a gastric carcinoma, suspected in the last three months of life, was found.Cases 8, 9, 12, 14, and 16 did not benefit from melphalan therapy.Seven further patients have been treated, four of whom obtained relief of pain for periods up to 16 months; one did not respond to melphalan or to cyclo- phosphamide, and required repeated courses of local irradia- tion ; two patients in renal failure failed to respond, and in one case profound and prolonged neutropenia and thrombocyto- penia followed each of two courses of melphalan lasting 14 and 7 days at a daily dose of 5 mg. Clinicl AspectsAge Incidence.-Seventeen of these patients (55% of the total) were under the age of 9, and only two apart from a record of " adult " were over the age of 20 (Fig. III).The few adult
Association of Left Ventricular Remodeling and Nonuniform Electrical Recovery Expressed by Nondipolar QRST Integral Map Patterns in Survivors of a First Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Arne SippensGroenewegen, Wiek H. van Gilst, Kathinka H. Peels, Cornelis A. Grimbergen, J. Herre Kingma
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Progressive left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction is associated with a high mortality rate, the majority of which is arrhythmogenic in origin. The underlying mechanism of this relation remains unknown. It has been suggested, however, that left ventricular dilatation is accompanied by changes in repolarization characteristics that may facilitate the occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.We examined 62-lead body surface QRST integral maps during sinus rhythm in 78 patients at 349 +/- 141 days after thrombolysis for a first anterior myocardial infarction. Visual map analysis was directed at discriminating dipolar (uniform repolarization) from nondipolar (nonuniform repolarization) patterns. In addition, the nondipolar content of each map was assessed quantitatively with the use of eigenvector analysis. Nondipolar map patterns were present in almost one third of the patients (32%). Left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes were assessed echocardiographically before discharge and after 3 and 12 months with the use of the modified biplane Simpson rule. The increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume 1 year after myocardial infarction was more pronounced in patients with nondipolar QRST integral map patterns (14.47 +/- 14.10 versus 4.22 +/- 8.44 mL/m2, P = .017). In patients with an increase in end-systolic volume of more than 16 mL/m2 (upper quartile), the prevalence of nondipolar maps was 89% compared with 29% in patients with dilatation of less than 16 mL/m2. In addition, the nondipolar content of maps in patients in the upper quartile was significantly increased compared with the lower quartiles (49 +/- 14% versus 37 +/- 12%, P = .013). Logistic regression analysis revealed that an end-systolic volume of more than 42 mL/m2 after 1 year contributed independently to the appearance of nondipolar maps. Patients with high-grade ventricular arrhythmias showed a higher nondipolar content (49 +/- 17% versus 39 +/- 10%, P = .013). QTc dispersion did not discriminate between patients with and those without high-grade ventricular arrhythmias. Also, the association between left ventricular remodeling and nondipolar map patterns was confirmed prospectively in an additional group of 15 patients.Nondipolar map patterns are present in 32% of patients after thrombolysis for a first anterior myocardial infarction and are associated with increased left ventricular dilatation. These data support the hypothesis that left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction leads to changes in repolarization characteristics that may facilitate the occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
Milk of Human Kindness? — HAMLET, Human Papillomavirus, and Warts
Authors: Jan N. Bouwes Bavinck, Mariet C.W. Feltkamp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Cutaneous viral warts are common, benign, usually self-limited papillomas with a preference for the hands and feet. A wide range of local therapies based on destruction, keratolysis, immunostimulation, or antimitotic effects have been tried for the treatment of cutaneous warts, but most of the clinical trials of these local treatments have been of low quality.1 In a review, Gibbs et al. pointed out that simple preparations containing salicylic acid are the only topical treatments for which there is good evidence of efficacy and safety.1 In this issue of the Journal, Gustafsson et al. (pages 2663–2672) report the effects of a . . .
Fluticasone propionate 0.05% cream in the treatment of atopic eczema: a multicentre study comparing once-daily treatment and once-daily vehicle cream application versus twice-daily treatment
Authors: S.S. BLEEHEN, A.C. CHU, I. HAMANN, C. HOLDEN, J.A.A. HUNTER, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Fluticasone propionate 0.05% cream in the treatment of atopic eczema: a multicentre study comparing once‐daily treatment and once‐daily vehicle cream application versus twice‐daily treatment Get access S.S. BLEEHEN, S.S. BLEEHEN Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.C. CHU, A.C. CHU Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. HAMANN, I. HAMANN Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. HOLDEN, C. HOLDEN St Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 1AA, U.K. Dr C.Holden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A.A. HUNTER, J.A.A. HUNTER Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. MARKS R. MARKS University Hospital of South Wales, Cardiff, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 4, 1 October 1995, Pages 592–597, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02711.x Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Accepted: 19 December 1994 Published: 01 October 1995
Heterosexual Contact Is Not the Predominant Mode of HTLV-III Transmission Among Intravenous Drug Abusers-Reply
Authors: Nathan Clumeck
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Needle or sexual transmission of HTLV-III/LAV among heterosexual people is an important question that rouses passionate debate.1Indeed, among heterosexual Africans it has been claimed that multiuse of unsterilized medical needles used for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases could explain the discrepancies between the epidemiology of AIDS in developing countries and that in the United States.2Accumulating epidemiologic evidence, however, argues against the needle hypothesis in Africa.3  From the data reported by Tirelli et al it appears quite clear that among IV drug abusers, the sharing of contaminated needles is a more efficient method of HTLV-III/LAV transmission than heterosexual contact. There is little doubt that repeated injections of contaminated material directly into the bloodstream is probably the easier way to be infected by a blood-borne virus, which will immediately encounter receptive T4 cells in the recipient host. If epidemiologic studies have shown that among
A dual function for adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the regulation of vascular tone. Excitatory cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular nerves and locally released inhibitory intravascular agent.
Authors: G Burnstock, C Kennedy
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

A dual function for adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the regulation of vascular tone is considered. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate can cause vasodilation, acting via P2-purinoceptors located on vascular endothelial cells to release an endothelium-derived relaxing factor which diffuses to the vascular smooth muscle and induces vasodilation. The main source of intraluminal adenosine 5'-triphosphate is likely to be endothelial cells, and its release can be measured during pathophysiological conditions such as ischemia and hypoxia, in amounts likely to be sufficient to activate endothelial P2-purinoceptors. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate can also be released during intravascular platelet aggregation and from intact and damaged vascular smooth muscle cells, and so may play a role in the complex physiological mechanisms controlling local vascular tone under normoxic conditions and during vessel injury. Evidence is also presented for adenosine 5'-triphosphate acting as an excitatory cotransmitter with noradrenaline from sympathetic perivascular nerves, to cause vasoconstriction via excitatory P2-purinoceptors located on vascular smooth muscle. The postjunctional mechanical and electrical responses of a number of blood vessels following perivascular nerve stimulation contain a component that is resistant to blockade of the alpha-adrenoceptor. This nonadrenergic response is mimicked by adenosine 5'-triphosphate and can be blocked by selective desensitization of the P2-purinoceptor by alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate. Vesicular storage of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and its release from sympathetic perivascular nerves has also been demonstrated. The functional significance of adenosine 5'-triphosphate acting intraluminally as a vasodilator and extraluminally as a vasoconstrictor neuronal agent in the control of vascular tone is discussed.
SURGICAL DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE NECK.
Authors: EDMOND SOUCHON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

It is here assumed that the student of regional surgery is possessed of the knowledge of the general surgical diseases,<i>i. e.</i>, those diseases which may be observed in any other region, and the descriptions will be limited to the peculiarites only which those diseases present when they affect the neck or one of its regions, thus avoiding repetition as much as possible. If no peculiarity is mentioned in regard to diagnosis and treatment it is because they are the same as for the diseases in general. This study is divided into that of the diseases and injuries of the neck as a whole and that of the dieases and injuries of its seven regions: The infra-hyoid (including the thyroid body, the supra-sternal fossa), the supra-hyoid, the lateral supra-hyoid (or digastric triangle or submaxillary region), the parotid, the lateral region (or region of the sterno-mastoid, or of the carotids), the