tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A complete genomic screen for multiple sclerosis underscores a role for the major histocompatability complex
Authors: J.L. Haines, M. Ter-Minassian, A. Bazyk, J.F. Gusella, D.J. Kim, H. Terwedow, M.A. PericakVance, J.B. Rimmler, C.S. Haynes, A.D. Roses, A. Lee, B. Shaner, M. Menold, E. Seboun, R-P. Fitoussi, C. Gartioux, C. Reyes, F. Ribierre, G. Gyapay, J. Weissenbach, S.L. Hauser, D.E. Goodkin, R. Lincoln, K. Usuku, A. Garcia-Merino, N. Gatto, S. Young, J.R. Oksenberg
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Observations on the Etiologic Relationship of Achylia Gastrica to Pernicious Anemia
Authors: W. B. Castle
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Observations on patients with addisonian pernicious anemia have appeared to us to demonstrate that the immediate basis of the anemia is a "conditioned" defect of nutrition. Thus, patients suffering from pernicious anemia are seemingly unable to derive from food some substance essential for normal function of bone marrow. The nutritional defect in such patients is apparently caused by the failure of a reaction which occurs in the normal individual between a substance in the food (extrinsic factor) and a substance in the normal gastric secretion (intrinsic factor). This conclusion is based on the following evidence derived from previous observations1 on cases of addisonian pernicious anemia: The daily administration of (extrinsic factor) 200 Gm. of beef muscle is without significant effect on blood formation. The daily administration of (intrinsic factor) from 150 to 300 cc. of normal human gastric juice is without significant effect on blood formation. If,
Methodology for Treatment Evaluation in Patients With Cancer Metastatic to Bone
Authors: R. J. Cook, P. Major
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Patients with cancer metastatic to bone experience several adverse and clinically important skeletal-related events, including pathologic fractures, vertebral compressions with fracture, the need for surgery to treat or prevent fractures, and the need for radiation therapy for the treatment of bone pain. We present appropriate methods for describing and modeling the clinical course of skeletal-related events and comparing treatments for such events. Methods: On the basis of data from a recently completed randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 380 breast cancer patients with bone metastases, we tested the validity of the "events-per-person-years" method, one of the most commonly used techniques, for the analysis of skeletal-related events. We then used more robust methods of analysis that are based on fewer assumptions, including a random-effects Poisson model, and contrasted the inferences about skeletal-related event rates and treatment effects for the different analytic methods. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The events-per-person-years analysis underestimated substantially the variation in the data and is not appropriate to summarize the incidence rate of skeletal-related events. A random-effects Poisson model did provide a valid basis for analyzing such data. Conclusions: The underestimation of variability in data associated with the use of the events-per-person-years analysis leads to unduly narrow confidence intervals for complication rates and inflated false-positive error rates in treatment comparisons. A random-effects Poisson model provides a valid, robust basis for describing the clinical course of bone complications and evaluating treatment effects.
China's Eugenics Law on Maternal and Infant Health Care
Authors: James M. Reichman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 September 1996China's Eugenics Law on Maternal and Infant Health CareJames M. Reichman, MD, Mayer Brezis, MD, and Avraham Steinberg, MDJames M. Reichman, MDHadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, JerusalemHebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author, Mayer Brezis, MDHadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, JerusalemHebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author, and Avraham Steinberg, MDHadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, JerusalemHebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, IsraelSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Last year, China adopted a new law on maternal and infant health care. The law mandates that all persons have a premarital medical examination to detect serious genetic diseases, some infectious diseases, and “relevant” mental disorders. If a detected disorder is deemed serious, the couple is not permitted to marry without committing to contraception or tubal ligation. Prenatal testing is enforced, and pregnancy is terminated if the fetus has a serious genetic or somatic abnormality [1, 2].A law “for prevention of progeny with hereditary defects” is not a Chinese invention. It was proclaimed in Germany in ...References1. British scientists attack Chinese ‘eugenics law.’ The Times. 5 June 1995. Google Scholar2. Western eyes on China's eugenics law [Editorial]. Lancet. 1995; 346:131. Google Scholar3. Muller-Hill B. Murderous Science. Elimination by Scientific Selection of Jews, Gypsies and Others, Germany 1933-1945. Translated by Fraser GR. Oxford: Oxford Univ Pr; 1988. Google Scholar4. Qiu R. Medical ethics and Chinese culture. In: Pellegrino ED, Mazzarella P, Corsi P, eds. Transcultural Dimensions in Medical Ethics. Frederick, MD: University Pub Group; 1992:160. Google Scholar5. Verrall M. Eugenics law puts Beijing meeting at risk [News]. Nature. 1994; 372:123. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, JerusalemHebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByChina: The Maternal and Infant Health Care LawPrenatal and Preimplantation Diagnosis: International Policy Perspectives 1 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 5Page: 425-426KeywordsFetusesHealth careInfantsInfectious diseasesLigation assayMaternal healthMedical ethicsPregnancySchizophreniaUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 September 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Bruce M. Wolfe, Barry Gardiner, Charles F. Frey
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Low fibrinogen level: A predisposing factor for venous thromboembolic events with hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Maura K. Whiteman, Yadong Cui, Jodi A. Flaws, Mark Espeland, Trudy L. Bush
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Several studies have reported an association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women and increased risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolic events (VTEs). Given the widespread use of HRT, it is important to identify factors that may predispose women on HRT to VTEs. To address this concern, we examined potential risk factors for VTEs in women assigned to HRT in the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) study, a three-year, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 875 postmenopausal women designed to assess the effects of HRT on heart disease risk factors (HDL cholesterol, fibrinogen, blood pressure, and insulin). Women with a history of estrogen-associated VTEs were excluded from the trial. Ten women, all assigned to HRT, had a VTE during PEPI. Only baseline fibrinogen varied significantly between those who did (mean = 249.0 mg/dl) and did not (mean = 280.8 mg/dl) have a VTE while assigned to HRT (P < 0.03). Adjusting for covariates including age, smoking, body mass index, lipid levels, blood pressure, alcohol, exercise, and prior HRT or oral contraceptive use did not affect this finding. The significantly lower fibrinogen levels seen among women subsequently reporting VTEs may be a marker for a specific, but as yet undefined, coagulopathy that is magnified in the presence of exogenous hormones. However, larger studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Nanoparticles for ex vivo siRNA delivery to dendritic cells for cancer vaccines: Programmed endosomal escape and dissociation☆
Authors: Hidetaka Akita, Kentaro Kogure, Rumiko Moriguchi, Yoshio Nakamura, Tomoko Higashi, Takashi Nakamura, Satoshi Serada, Minoru Fujimoto, Tetsuji Naka, Shiroh Futaki
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
MicroRNA Replacement Therapy for miR-145 and miR-33a Is Efficacious in a Model of Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed Fawzy Ibrahim, Ulrike Weirauch, Maren Thomas, Arnold Grünweller, Roland K. Hartmann, Achim Aigner
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) aberrantly expressed in tumors may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. miR-145 is downregulated in various cancers including colon carcinoma in which in vitro studies have established proapoptotic and antiproliferative roles. miR-33a was connected recently to cancer through its capacity to downregulate the oncogenic kinase Pim-1. To date, miRNA replacement therapy has been hampered by the lack of robust nonviral delivery methods for in vivo administration. Here we report a method of miRNA delivery by using polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated delivery of unmodified miRNAs, using miR-145 and miR-33a to preclinically validate the method in a mouse model of colon carcinoma. After systemic or local application of low molecular weight PEI/miRNA complexes, intact miRNA molecules were delivered into mouse xenograft tumors, where they caused profound antitumor effects. miR-145 delivery reduced tumor proliferation and increased apoptosis, with concomitant repression of c-Myc and ERK5 as novel regulatory target of miR-145. Similarly, systemic injection of PEI-complexed miR-33a was validated as a novel therapeutic targeting method for Pim-1, with antitumor effects comparable with PEI/siRNA-mediated direct in vivo knockdown of Pim-1 in the model. Our findings show that chemically unmodified miRNAs complexed with PEI can be used in an efficient and biocompatible strategy of miRNA replacement therapy, as illustrated by efficacious delivery of PEI/miR-145 and PEI/miR-33a complexes in colon carcinoma. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5214–24. ©2011 AACR.
A Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin with or without Panitumumab for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jeffrey Crawford, Paul Swanson, Paul Schwarzenberger, Alan Sandler, Diane Prager, Kathy Zhang, Daniel J. Freeman, Carol W. Johnson, Kartik Krishnan, David Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Rationing in practice: the case of in vitro fertilisation.
Authors: S Redmayne, R Klein
Journal: BMJ (1993)

One of the few examples of explicit rationing in the National Health Service is provided by in vitro fertilisation. Of six purchasing authorities examined three have decided against buying in vitro fertilisation while three have decided in favour. The decisions reflect local factors such as the absence or presence of local providers and the views of the public and health professionals. But in vitro fertilisation also illustrates some of the wider issues involved in all decisions about purchasing: questions about what should be provided by the National Health Service, about what procedures should be compared when weighing up value for money, and whether equity demands national decisions about what to provide.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapy in Pediatric Patients With Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: E Jacquemin, D Hermans, A Myara, D Habes, D Debray, M Hadchouel, E M Sokal, O Bernard
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a lethal inherited childhood cholestasis of hepatocellular origin. Different subtypes of PFIC have been described according to serum gamma–glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity. There is currently no effective medical therapy available for children with PFIC. We report on 39 patients with PFIC who received ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) orally (20–30 mg/kg b.w./day) for a period of 2 to 4 years. Group 1 (n = 26) consisted of children with normal GGT activity, and group 2 (n = 13) of children with high GGT activity. Within group 1, liver tests normalized in 11 children, improved in 5, and stabilized or worsened in 10. Within group 2, liver tests normalized in six children, improved in four, and stabilized or worsened in three. Improvement of parameters was associated with an enrichment of the circulating pool of bile acids with UDCA. Hepatosplenomegaly and pruritus disappeared or diminished in children in whom liver tests normalized. In nine of these children, liver tests worsened and normalized again after stopping and restarting UDCA. Liver histology assessed in four children after normalization of liver tests and 2 years of treatment showed a decrease in fibrosis. We conclude that UDCA should be considered in the initial therapeutic management of children with PFIC, because it appears effective in resolving or improving the liver function and the clinical status of a fair proportion of children. Chronic UDCA therapy might thus avoid the need for liver transplantation in some children with PFIC.
COX-2 Inhibitors, Other NSAIDs, and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: David J. Graham
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Euthanasia: Should the Public Decide?
Authors: Edward Shertz
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —I would like to point out some shortcomings in the article by Blendon et al 1 that apparently shows public support for euthanasia.  First, in reading the article, I myself became confused about the terms euthanasia and end-of-life decisions. Both are commonly used for the removal of unwanted medical treatment and the direct killing of a patient by request of the patient or his/her family. Is it possible that those answering what was, after all, a telephone call, also became confused over the terminology?  Second, the authors seem unaware of the limitations of opinion polls to make social policy.  Barber 2 observes that surveys are designed to elicit immediate, impulsive, off the cuff and undeliberate responses to questions that probe feelings, desires and wants, but rarely ask for careful judgment or well grounded beliefs.... There is no common discourse, no political interaction, no rational constraint—just a blurting out
Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Saleh El-Awadi, Ayman El-Nakeeb, Tamer Youssef, Amir Fikry, Tito M. Abd El-Hamed, Hosam Ghazy, Elyamany Foda, Mohamed Farid
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2008)
Abstract A37: Activation of FGFR1 signaling in mammary tumors leads to STAT3 activation and chemoresistance
Authors: Pavlina Chuntova, Laura Bohrer, Lindsey Bade, Kathryn Schwertfeger
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene locus is amplified in approximately 10% of human breast tumors. Breast cancer patients with an FGFR1 amplification have significantly shorter overall survival potentially due to their increased risk of distant metastasis. Using an inducible FGFR1 system (iFGFR1), we have been working to identify the mechanisms involved in FGFR-induced tumorigenesis. Published studies have shown increased survival and proliferation of cells containing the activated iFGFR1. Examining both mouse and human FGF-responsive cell lines, we found that FGFR activation leads to a decrease in apoptosis, both basally and after treatment with chemotherapy agents. Further studies indicated that activation of FGFR signaling leads to indirect activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) both in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 is commonly activated as a result of IL-6 family member signaling. In our in vitro system, iFGFR1 activation leads to production of cytokines such as LIF and IL-6, which in turn signal in an autocrine fashion to activate the STAT3 pathway. Inhibition of FGFR activity in vivo using the small molecule inhibitor PD173034 in combination with the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin resulted in significant reduction of mouse tumor burden. These results provide evidence for the involvement of FGF receptors in the induction of chemoresistance and the potential benefit of combination therapy. Future studies will pursue the mechanism which drives the resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. Citation Format: Pavlina Chuntova, Laura Bohrer, Lindsey Bade, Kathryn Schwertfeger. Activation of FGFR1 signaling in mammary tumors leads to STAT3 activation and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A37.
544 S-NITROSO-N-ACETYLCYSTEINE ATTENUATES LIVER FIBROSIS IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M.J. Tuñnón, I. Crespo, R. Vercelino, M.J. Cuevas, B. San Miguel, M. de Oliveira, N.P. Marroni, J. Gonzalez-Gallego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
The Implications of Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for Pesticide Risk Assessment
Authors: Chensheng Lu, Christina M. Holbrook, Leo M. Andres
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model would make it possible to simulate the dynamics of chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) from different routes of exposures and, in theory, could be used to evaluate associations between exposures and biomarker measurements in blood or urine.We used a PBPK model to predict urinary excretion of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), the specific metabolite of chlorpyrifos (CPF), in young children.We developed a child-specific PBPK model for CPF using PBPK models previously developed for rats and adult humans. Data used in the model simulation were collected from 13 children 36 years of age who participated in a cross-sectional pesticide exposure assessment study with repeated environmental and biological sampling.The model-predicted urinary TCPY excretion estimates were consistent with measured levels for 2 children with two 24-hr duplicate food samples that contained 350 and 12 ng/g of CPF, respectively. However, we found that the majority of model outputs underpredicted the measured urinary TCPY excretion.We concluded that the potential measurement errors associated with the aggregate exposure measurements will probably limit the applicability of PBPK model estimates for interpreting urinary TCPY excretion and absorbed CPF dose from multiple sources of exposure. However, recent changes in organophosphorus (OP) use have shifted exposures from multipathways to dietary ingestion only. Thus, we concluded that the PBPK model is still a valuable tool for converting dietary pesticide exposures to absorbed dose estimates when the model input data are accurate estimates of dietary pesticide exposures.
Precautionary allergen labelling: perspectives from key stakeholder groups
Authors: A. DunnGalvin, C.‐H. Chan, R. Crevel, K. Grimshaw, R. Poms, S. Schnadt, S. L. Taylor, P. Turner, K. J. Allen, M. Austin, A. Baka, J. L. Baumert, S. Baumgartner, K. Beyer, L. Bucchini, M. Fernández‐Rivas, K. Grinter, G. F. Houben, J. Hourihane, F. Kenna, A. G. Kruizinga, G. Lack, C. B. Madsen, E. N. Clare Mills, N. G. Papadopoulos, A. Alldrick, L. Regent, R. Sherlock, J.‐M. Wal, G. Roberts
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) was introduced by the food industry to help manage and communicate the possibility of reaction from the unintended presence of allergens in foods. However, in its current form, PAL is counterproductive for consumers with food allergies. This review aims to summarize the perspectives of all the key stakeholders (including clinicians, patients, food industry and regulators), with the aim of defining common health protection and risk minimization goals. The lack of agreed reference doses has resulted in inconsistent application of PAL by the food industry and in levels of contamination that prompt withdrawal action by enforcement officers. So there is a poor relationship between the presence or absence of PAL and actual reaction risk. This has led to a loss of trust in PAL, reducing the ability of consumers with food allergies to make informed choices. The result has been reduced avoidance, reduced quality of life and increased risk-taking by consumers who often ignore PAL. All contributing stakeholders agree that PAL must reflect actual risk. PAL should be transparent and consistent with rules underpinning decision-making process being communicated clearly to all stakeholders. The use of PAL should indicate the possible, unintended presence of an allergen in a consumed portion of a food product at or above any proposed action level. This will require combined work by all stakeholders to ensure everyone understands the approach and its limitations. Consumers with food allergy then need to be educated to undertake individualized risk assessments in relation to any PAL present.