tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Listeria monocytogenes sepsis in ulcerative colitis
Authors: M. Kassalik, L. Fry, A. Didowacz-Grollmann, Sami Mousalli, K. Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 62-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease and ulcerative colitis of 10-years duration presented with worsening diarrhea, malaise, fever, and chills for 1 week. He had been started on azathioprine 6 weeks previously. Initially his symptoms had improved, but a week prior to presentation he had developed diarrhea. He reported that his wife had experienced diarrhea and fever as well, but that her symptoms had resolved spontaneously. He denied any international travel. He had recently been hospitalized because of new-onset atrial fibrillation, for which he had been commenced on coumarin and was scheduled to undergo elective cardioversion. On physical examination he appeared sick, toxemic, and was drenched in sweat. His temperature was 40 °C and his pulse was irregular at a rate of 102 beats per minute. His abdomen was soft but there was tenderness on palpation of the left lower quadrant.
ASSOCIATION OF AORTIC VALVE CALCIFICATION AND MITRAL ANNULAR CALCIFICATION TO NONCALCIFIED CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESION ASSESSED BY 64-MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Hiroto Utsunomiya, Hideya Yamamoto, Eiji Kunita, Norihiko Ohashi, Toshiharu Oka, Ryo Yamazato, Takenori Okada, Tomoki Shokawa, Yukiko Nakano, Hiroki Teragawa, Futoshi Tadehara, Takafumi Ishida, Jun Horiguchi, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Color constancy: A case for multiple levels and paradigms
Authors: Michael H. Brill
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Shepard claims that color constancy needs linear basis-function spectra, and infers the illuminant before removing its dependency. However, of the models of color constancy that have exact (and reasonable) spectral regimes, some do not need linear basis-function expansions of reflectance and illuminant spectra, some do not solve for the illuminant, and some estimate only partial object-reflectance information for single or multiple objects. [Shepard]
Problems in Clinical Evaluation of Radiotherapeutic Methods
Authors: Gilbert H. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Despite the fact that statistical methods are being utilized more frequently in the practice of medicine, the author has not yet seen a biometric design which provides a realistic evaluation of supervoltage versus orthovoltage equipment in roentgenotherapy. Too many limiting factors (small series, differences in techniques, inability to randomize) are involved to permit accurate statistical appraisal. Comparison of supervoltage with orthovoltage therapy given preoperatively in the present series apparently showed that supervoltage gave the higher percentage of local cure in patients with lesions of the tonsillar bed, base of tongue, pharyngeal walls, cervix uteri, and breasts. Treatment of cancers originating in other anatomical sites is being investigated.
Martin Hugh Daly
Authors: R. Daly
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Music-based interventions have become increasingly widely adopted for dementia and related disorders. Previous research shows that music engages reward-related regions through functional connectivity with the auditory system. Here we characterize intrinsic connectivity of the auditory and reward systems in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - a predementia phase of cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using resting-state fMRI data from the Alzheimer’s Database Neuroimaging Initiative, we tested functional connectivity within and between auditory and reward systems in older adults with MCI, AD, and age-matched healthy controls (N=105). Seed-based correlations were assessed from regions of interest (ROIs) in the auditory network, i.e. anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG), posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), Heschl’s Gyrus, and reward network (i.e., nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, and orbitofrontal cortex [OFC]). AD individuals were lower in both within-network and between-network functional connectivity in the auditory network and reward networks compared to MCI and healthy controls. Furthermore, graph theory analyses showed that MCI individuals had higher clustering, local efficiency, degrees, and strengths than both AD individuals and healthy controls. Together, the auditory and reward systems show preserved within- and between-network connectivity in MCI relative to AD. These results suggest that music-based interventions have the potential to make an early difference in individuals with MCI, due to the preservation of functional connectivity in reward-related regions and between auditory and reward networks at that initial stage of neurodegeneration.
THE ROLE OF OXYGEN IN THE REGULATION OF ERYTHROPOIESIS. DEPRESSION OF THE RATE OF DELIVERY OF NEW RED CELLS TO THE BLOOD BY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF INSPIRED OXYGEN 12
Authors: John C. Tinsley, Carl V. Moore, Reubenia Dubach, Virginia Minnich, Moises Grinstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

Red and white blood cell counts were made on capillary and venous blood with diluting pipettes and hemocytometers standardized by the U. S. Bureau of Standards.Hemoglobin was determined photoelectrically as oxy- hemoglobin (9).Hematocrits and corpuscular constants were obtained by Wintrobe's method (10, 11).Dif- ferential white blood cell counts were done with supravital staining.Dameshek's technic was used for counting reticulocytes and blood platelets (12).Reticulocytes are recorded in terms of number per cu.mm. with percentage levels given in parentheses; each value represents a de- termination on 2,000 to 6,000 red cells, except in Case 8 in which only 1,000 cells were counted routinely.Fractional serum bilirubin was determined by the method of Malloy and Evelyn (13) as modified by Ducci and Watson (14).Daily fecal and urine urobilinogen output was followed by the method of Watson (15), 1544
Current concepts in cell-mediated hepatic allograft rejection leading to ductopenia and liver failure
Authors: Russell H. Wiesner, Jurgen Ludwig, Bart van Hoek, Ruud A. F. Krom
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Recent improvement in survival after orthotopic liver transplantation has brought hepatic allograft rejection to the forefront as a major cause of morbidity and graft failure i l , 2).Indeed, up to 50% of late graft failures (more than 60 days after transplantation) are the result of hepatic allograft rejection.Rejection is broadly defined as the response of the recipient's immune system to the transplanted graft.leading to graft damage.The main targets in hepatic allograft rejection are the epithelium of bile ducts and the endothelium of arteries and veins (1. 3, 4).In liver transplantation, this damage has been classified primarily according to the prevailing histological changes, timing and reversibility.In this article, we examine our current understanding of' the most important form of rejection (i.e., cell-mediated rejection leading to ductopenia and liver failure) and specifically review terminology, pathogenesis, incidence, timing.risk factors and treatment-related problems. DEFINITIONSFor the purpose of this review.we use the adjective "cell-mediated" as a collective term for any form of hepatic allograft rejection that is not caused by preformed cytotoxic antibodies, as are observed in the rare cases of hyperacute rejection ( 5 . 6 ,.It is understood that the presence of cell-mediated rejection does not preclude the action of other antibodies.A schematic representation of the spectrum of cell-mediated hepatic allograft rejection defined herein is shown in Figure 1.Cellular Rejection.Traditionally, two forms of cellmediated rejection have been recognized -acute rejection and chronic rejection.The former is considered potentially reversible, whereas the latter is considered irreversible.Many publications describe the findings in these two conditions, but they do not actually define them.The name "acute rejection," a purely histolog~al definition, is now implicitly used in most centers.Thus
Assessment of testicular testosterone production and Leydig cell structure.
Authors: L L Ewing, B R Zirkin, C Chubb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Advances in two techniques have made the problem of assessing the acute and/or chronic effects of toxic agents on Leydig cell structure and testosterone synthesis and secretion amenable to study. First, in vitro testicular perfusion has been perfected to a point where it closely resembles in situ testosterone secretion. Second, now it is possible to quantify the proportion of Leydig cell cytoplasm occupied by the cellular organelles which contain steroidogenic enzymes. Herein, we report that inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes is reflected by reduced testosterone secretion by in vitro perfused rat and rabbit testes. Moreover, the activity of specific steroidogenic reactions can be monitored by measuring the secretion of reaction substrate(s) and product(s) from in vitro perfused testes. Testosterone secretion by in vitro perfused testes from five species is highly and positively correlated with the volume density of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in Leydig cell cytoplasm. Exploitation of these findings will allow toxicologists to quantitatively assess the effect of toxicants on Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis and secretion, to identify the specific steroidogenic enzymes affected, to assess whether the membranous environment of the steroidogenic enzymes is compromised, and perhaps even to predict the deleterious effect of a toxic agent on Leydig cell steroidogenic function from a stereological assessment of Leydig cell ultrastructure.
Wards for Non-smokers
Authors: J. Dancy
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Chronic thromboembolic disease is characterised by persistent pulmonary thromboembolic occlusions without pulmonary hypertension. Early surgical treatment with pulmonary endarterectomy may improve symptoms and prevent disease progression. We sought to assess the outcome of pulmonary endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic disease. Patients with symptomatic chronic thromboembolic disease and a mean pulmonary artery pressure &lt;25 mmHg at baseline with right heart catheterisation and treated with pulmonary endarterectomy between January 2000 and July 2013 were identified. Patients were reassessed at 6 months and at 1 year following surgery. A total of 42 patients underwent surgery and the median length of stay in hospital was 11 days. There was no in-hospital mortality but complications occurred in 40% of patients. At 1 year, following surgery, 95% of the patients remained alive. There was a significant symptomatic improvement with 95% of patients in the New York Heart Association functional classes I or II at 6 months. There was a significant improvement in quality of life assessed by the Cambridge pulmonary hypertension outcome review questionnaire. In this carefully selected cohort of chronic thromboembolic disease patients, pulmonary endarterectomy resulted in significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life. Appropriate patient selection is paramount given the known surgical morbidity and mortality, and surgery should only be performed in expert centres.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Oncogenic Osteomalacia and X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Kenneth B. Jonsson, Richard Zahradnik, Tobias Larsson, Kenneth E. White, Toshitsugu Sugimoto, Yasuo Imanishi, Takehisa Yamamoto, Geeta Hampson, Hiroyuki Koshiyama, Östen Ljunggren, Koichi Oba, In Myung Yang, Akimitsu Miyauchi, Michael J. Econs, Jeffrey Lavigne, Harald Jüppner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Mutations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) cause autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets. Clinical and laboratory findings in this disorder are similar to those in oncogenic osteomalacia, in which tumors abundantly express FGF-23 messenger RNA, and to those in X-linked hypophosphatemia, which is caused by inactivating mutations in a phosphate-regulating endopeptidase called PHEX. Recombinant FGF-23 induces phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia in vivo, suggesting that it has a role in phosphate regulation. To determine whether FGF-23 circulates in healthy persons and whether it is elevated in those with oncogenic osteomalacia or X-linked hypophosphatemia, an immunometric assay was developed to measure it.
Immune Response to Gluten in Adult Coeliac Disease
Authors: J. Housley, P. Asquith, W. T. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Cultures of mesenteric node lymphocytes obtained from two adult coeliac disease patients were stimulated by gluten fraction III. No stimulation was observed in cultures of axillary node lymphocytes from one of these patients, of mesenteric node lymphocytes from the two patients with other diseases or of peripheral blood lymphocytes from adult coeliacs and normal subjects. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of two of the six adult coeliac patients responded poorly to phytohaemagglutin alone, but this was probably owing to technical factors. In a further six adult coeliacs skin tests to gluten fraction III were negative. It is suggested that delayed hypersensitivity to gluten is likely to have a secondary pathogenic role in adult coeliac disease.
Marihuana Effects on Sleeping States
Authors: Paul W. Frankel
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a LETTER TO THE EDITOR, "Effects of Marihuana on Sleeping States" (220:1364, 1972), Dr. Frank R. Freemon reported a study with two subjects that led him "to suggest that physiologic withdrawal effects can occur after only four nights of marihuana use." Freemon's conclusion certainly deserves critical analysis because the study concerns a topic of great current interest, and, as he pointed out (p 1364), his conclusion contradicts much recent evidence on the effects of marihuana. Freemon noted his work was only a pilot study, and as such perhaps should not be criticized for its lack of control groups (eg, no placebo group), and its small number of subjects (two) which makes standard statistical analyses impossible. For example, Freemon felt his "REM Latency" measure was his most convincing data. That measure showed a decrease from base line to drugged state in one subject, and an increase in
Diagnosis and Measurement of Subjective Incompetence: The Clinical Hallmark of Demoralization
Authors: Cheryl A. Cockram, Gheorghe Doros, John M. de Figueiredo
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; This article presents the development and application of a method to diagnose and measure subjective incompetence, the clinical hallmark of demoralization. &lt;i&gt;Methods: &lt;/i&gt;The subjects (n = 112) were patients with cancer at a consultation clinic of a cancer center. They completed a questionnaire on general background information, the Brief Cope Scale, and a newly developed scale to measure subjective incompetence. The development and psychometric properties of this scale were studied. Data analysis included both univariate and bivariate statistical tests and an examination of the intercorrelations between the subjective incompetence scores and the scores on the Brief Cope Scale. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The scale for subjective incompetence was found to have adequate reliability and validity. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The proposed scale will allow us to determine if the distinction between depression and demoralization has practical implications and to what extent and to further clarify the role of demoralization in the etiology and pathogenesis of both physical illnesses and mental disorders. The combined use of this scale with the existing criteria and scales for demoralization will highlight the role of subjective incompetence in converting what might have been a normal response to stress into an abnormal state requiring intervention.
Acute Radiation Syndrome
Authors: Stuart C. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE ATOMIC bomb detonations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 abruptly awakened the world to the realities of the nuclear age. Radiologists, radiation physicists, and some physicians were aware of the sickness that frequently accompanied the use of x-ray therapy, but few knew the constellation of devastating events that may occur after whole-body exposure to excessive amounts of ionizing radiation. Although the majority of acute deaths in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were due to burns and other forms of physical trauma, at least a third of the victims probably died of radiation sickness, with many more developing varying degrees of acute systemic illness secondary to radiation exposure. The Japanese quickly recognized the peculiar effects that resulted from atomic bomb exposure, but not until observations were reported in the medical literature by several astute American military physicians did the acute radiation syndrome become known throughout the scientific world. The LANDMARK ARTICLE by
A novel mutation that leads to a congenital factor XI deficiency in a Japanese family
Authors: Eriko Sato, Norihiko Kawamata, Atsushi Kato, Kazuo Oshimi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We have identified a novel mutation leading to a congenital deficiency of the coagulation factor XI (FXI) in a Japanese family. A propositus was a 42-year-old female patient without bleeding tendency. Coagulant activity and the antigen level of FXI in her plasma were below the detectable range. The nucleotide sequences of the FXI gene of this patient were determined by a direct sequence method established in this study. A novel nonsense mutation (CAA; Gly263 --> TAA; stop) was identified in exon 8 of the FXI gene. Her parents are first cousins, and a polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that her parents were heterozygous at this nucleotide position. This patient inherited mutant alleles from her parents and is homozygous at this nucleotide position. The nonsense mutation in the FXI gene is responsible for her deficiency of FXI.
Topical Application of Recombinant Type VII Collagen Incorporates Into the Dermal–Epidermal Junction and Promotes Wound Closure
Authors: Xinyi Wang, Pedram Ghasri, Mahsa Amir, Brian Hwang, Yingpin Hou, Michael Khilili, Andrew Lin, Douglas Keene, Jouni Uitto, David T Woodley, Mei Chen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) have incurable skin fragility, blistering, and skin wounds due to mutations in the gene that codes for type VII collagen (C7) that mediates dermal–epidermal adherence in human skin. In this study, we evaluated if topically applied human recombinant C7 (rC7) could restore C7 at the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) and enhance wound healing. We found that rC7 applied topically onto murine skin wounds stably incorporated into the newly formed DEJ of healed wounds and accelerated wound closure by increasing re-epithelialization. Topical rC7 decreased the expression of fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and increased the expression of anti-fibrogenic TGF-β3. These were accompanied by the reduced expression of connective tissue growth factor, fewer α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)–positive myofibroblasts, and less deposition of collagen in the healed neodermis, consistent with less scar formation. In addition, using a mouse model in which skin from C7 knock out mice was grafted onto immunodeficient mice, we showed that applying rC7 onto RDEB grafts with wounds restored C7 and anchoring fibrils (AFs) at the DEJ of the grafts and corrected the dermal–epidermal separation. The topical application of rC7 may be useful for treating patients with RDEB and patients who have chronic skin wounds. Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) have incurable skin fragility, blistering, and skin wounds due to mutations in the gene that codes for type VII collagen (C7) that mediates dermal–epidermal adherence in human skin. In this study, we evaluated if topically applied human recombinant C7 (rC7) could restore C7 at the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) and enhance wound healing. We found that rC7 applied topically onto murine skin wounds stably incorporated into the newly formed DEJ of healed wounds and accelerated wound closure by increasing re-epithelialization. Topical rC7 decreased the expression of fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and increased the expression of anti-fibrogenic TGF-β3. These were accompanied by the reduced expression of connective tissue growth factor, fewer α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)–positive myofibroblasts, and less deposition of collagen in the healed neodermis, consistent with less scar formation. In addition, using a mouse model in which skin from C7 knock out mice was grafted onto immunodeficient mice, we showed that applying rC7 onto RDEB grafts with wounds restored C7 and anchoring fibrils (AFs) at the DEJ of the grafts and corrected the dermal–epidermal separation. The topical application of rC7 may be useful for treating patients with RDEB and patients who have chronic skin wounds.
51 GENE POLYMORPHISMS WITHIN THE CODING REGION OF TGF-BETA1 AFFECT CELLULAR SYNTHESIS, SECRETION AND PROCESSING OF TGF-BETA1 VIA THE LATENT TGF-BETA BINDING PROTEIN-1 (LTBP-1)
Authors: R. Weiskirchen, S. Mohren, S. Weiskirchen, A.M. Gressner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis with reticulated, supple scarring: A neutrophilic dermatosis
Authors: Neil S Sadick, Christopher R Shea, Jerrold S Schlessel
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)

Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis with reticulated, supple scarring is a rare disease seen at birth with blisters that become eroded and crusted and then heal with characteristic scars. We report the seventh case in the American literature, and the first description of biopsy specimens of early lesions. The acute skin lesions were characterized by sterile, neutrophilic infiltrates in the dermis.
Response to comment on Hillis et al. The relative and combined ability of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide to predict cardiovascular events and death in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 2014;37.
Authors: Graham Hillis, P Welsh, J. Chalmers, Mark Woodward, N Sattar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)