tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extended Use of Dabigatran, Warfarin, or Placebo in Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Sam Schulman, Clive Kearon, Ajay K. Kakkar, Sebastian Schellong, Henry Eriksson, David Baanstra, Anne Mathilde Kvamme, Jeffrey Friedman, Patrick Mismetti, Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Dabigatran, which is administered in a fixed dose and does not require laboratory monitoring, may be suitable for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism.In two double-blind, randomized trials, we compared dabigatran at a dose of 150 mg twice daily with warfarin (active-control study) or with placebo (placebo-control study) in patients with venous thromboembolism who had completed at least 3 initial months of therapy.In the active-control study, recurrent venous thromboembolism occurred in 26 of 1430 patients in the dabigatran group (1.8%) and 18 of 1426 patients in the warfarin group (1.3%) (hazard ratio with dabigatran, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 2.64; P=0.01 for noninferiority). Major bleeding occurred in 13 patients in the dabigatran group (0.9%) and 25 patients in the warfarin group (1.8%) (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.02). Major or clinically relevant bleeding was less frequent with dabigatran (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.71). Acute coronary syndromes occurred in 13 patients in the dabigatran group (0.9%) and 3 patients in the warfarin group (0.2%) (P=0.02). In the placebo-control study, recurrent venous thromboembolism occurred in 3 of 681 patients in the dabigatran group (0.4%) and 37 of 662 patients in the placebo group (5.6%) (hazard ratio, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.25; P<0.001). Major bleeding occurred in 2 patients in the dabigatran group (0.3%) and 0 patients in the placebo group. Major or clinically relevant bleeding occurred in 36 patients in the dabigatran group (5.3%) and 12 patients in the placebo group (1.8%) (hazard ratio, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.52 to 5.60). Acute coronary syndromes occurred in 1 patient each in the dabigatran and placebo groups.Dabigatran was effective in the extended treatment of venous thromboembolism and carried a lower risk of major or clinically relevant bleeding than warfarin but a higher risk than placebo. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; RE-MEDY and RE-SONATE ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00329238 and NCT00558259, respectively.).
Foreign travel and hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans
Authors: M. Malik, S.L. Walker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, We read with interest the article of Vanhaecke et al.1 The authors delineate the causes of 78 cases of ‘creeping eruption’ presenting to a French tropical diseases referral centre. All of the 74 cases of hookworm‐related cutaneous larva migrans (HrCLM) had a history of recent foreign travel and all but one of these had returned from a tropical destination. The 44 cases of HrCLM reported by Blackwell and Vega‐Lopez from the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London were all acquired outside of Europe, although the authors note that the condition is ‘most prevalent in the tropics [but] also occurs in temperate climates, including the U.K’.2 We wish to emphasize that the lack of a history of foreign travel does not preclude the diagnosis of HrCLM in the U.K. and other parts of northern Europe. A 39‐year‐old woman was referred to our dermatology department for assessment of a pigmented lesion on her left arm. A clinical diagnosis of melanoma was made and subsequently confirmed following complete excision of the lesion. A 3‐cm‐diameter erythematous, scaly plaque with occasional pustules and a serpiginous edge (Fig. 1) was noted on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the left foot as an incidental finding during the initial consultation. On direct questioning the patient admitted that the plaque was itchy and had been present for 6 months. She was a dog owner and denied any foreign travel for the previous 4 years. A clinical diagnosis of HrCLM was made and the patient was treated with a single dose of oral ivermectin (200 μg kg−1), which led to complete resolution of the rash. Our patient is likely to have acquired the infestation through contact with the soil in her garden into which hookworm ova were excreted by her dog.
In Vivo Host Immune Response to a Tumor-Specific Transplantation Antigen Induced by Rous Sarcoma Virus 2
Authors: Clifford J. Bellone, Morris Pollard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

We examined the host immune response to a tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) induced by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) in vivo. In contrast to previous in vitro studies, the present investigation demonstrated in vivo host immunity to the TSTA 10–55 days after tumor inoculation. Immunity to the TSTA appeared specific, since the homologous RSV tumor was rejected, whereas the heterologous tumor grew progressively. No generalized suppression of cell-mediated or humoral immunity was shown, because tumor-bearing hosts retained the ability to reject heterologous tumor cells and mounted a normal plaque response to sheep red blood cells. Although α-globulin levels were elevated, they did not appear to affect the host's immunity to the growing tumor or to heterologous antigens. Associated with the progressively growing tumor was the appearance in the serum of a fetal antigen with characteristics of an α-2 acute phase protein.
Systematic review of spinal manipulation: Flaws in the review
Authors: David Byfield, Peter McCarthy
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

We are extremely disappointed at the level of scientific reporting demonstrated by the Ernst and Canter paper on spinal manipulation (April 2006 JRSM1). As a result, this publication does not appear to add anything to the extensive knowledge base in this area. In our opinion, there are a number of significant flaws in their review which casts an extremely negative light on both authors of the publication and the journal review process.
Influence of intranasal steroids during the grass pollen season on bronchial responsiveness in children and young adults with asthma and hay fever
Authors: B J Thio
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> It has been reported that intranasal corticosteroids can influence bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in asthmatic subjects with seasonal rhinitis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate on BHR and bronchial calibre (forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV<sub>1</sub>) in children and young adults with seasonal rhinitis and mild asthma during two consecutive grass pollen seasons. <h3>METHODS</h3> In the first pollen season 25 patients aged 8–28 years were included in a double blind, placebo controlled study. The active treatment group used fluticasone aqueous spray 200 μg once daily. In the second pollen season 72 patients aged 8–28 years participated in a double blind, placebo controlled study of a similar design to that of the previous year except that an additional treatment group of patients using beclomethasone 200 μg twice daily was included. FEV<sub>1</sub> was measured before and after three and six weeks of treatment; BHR to methacholine (PD<sub>20</sub>) was measured before and after six weeks of treatment. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In the first season the mean (SD) logPD<sub>20</sub> of the patients decreased significantly both in the fluticasone group (from 2.43 (0.8) μg to 1.86 (0.85) μg) and in the placebo group (from 2.41 (0.42) μg to 1.87 (0.78) μg) without any intergroup difference in the change in logPD<sub>20</sub>. In the second pollen season the mean logPD<sub>20</sub> in the fluticasone, beclomethasone, and placebo groups did not change significantly. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Intranasal steroids did not influence BHR during two grass pollen seasons in children and young adults with seasonal rhinitis and mild asthma.
Major histocompatibility complex class II antigen (HLA-DR) expression by ileal epithelial cells in patients with seronegative spondylarthropathy.
Authors: C Cuvelier, H Mielants, M De Vos, E Veys, H Roels
Journal: Gut (1990)

Major histocompatibility complex molecules act as non-specific receptors for antigenic proteins and present them to T-cells. Presented antigen together with class II molecules activates antigen specific T-helper cells and may trigger a cellular immune response. The expression of HLA-DR antigens by epithelial cells was examined with an indirect peroxidase technique in ileal biopsies from 38 patients with seronegative spondylarthropathy and features of acute or chronic gut inflammation on biopsy, 14 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, 10 rheumatic and 10 non-rheumatic controls. In acute ileitis, there was more HLA-DR expression in villous and crypt epithelial cells than in non-inflamed controls (p less than 0.01). In chronic inflammation and in chronic inflammatory bowel disease, class II antigens were more expressed in villus (p less than 0.02) and crypt epithelium (p less than 0.01). Strong HLA-DR expression in crypt epithelial cells was connected with active inflammation (p less than 0.02). These findings suggest binding of unknown enterobacterial or nutritional luminal antigens to HLA-DR antigens normally present in enterocytes. The enterocytes act as antigen presenting cells causing a local increase of targets for activated T-cells and trigger the gut inflammation responsible for the clinical symptoms of the seronegative spondylarthropathy.
Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Activity of a Selective PDGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, CP-673,451
Authors: W. Gregory Roberts, Pamela M. Whalen, Erik Soderstrom, Garrett Moraski, Joseph P. Lyssikatos, Huifen-F. Wang, Beth Cooper, Deborah A. Baker, Douglas Savage, Deepak Dalvie, James A. Atherton, Sherry Ralston, Ruby Szewc, John C. Kath, Jing Lin, Cathy Soderstrom, George Tkalcevic, Bruce D. Cohen, Vince Pollack, Wayne Barth, Will Hungerford, Ethan Ung
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract CP-673,451 is a potent inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor β-receptor (PDGFR-β) kinase- and PDGF-BB-stimulated autophosphorylation of PDGFR-β in cells (IC50 = 1 nmol/L) being more than 450-fold selective for PDGFR-β versus other angiogenic receptors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, TIE-2, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2). Multiple models have been used to evaluate in vivo activity of CP-673,451 and to understand the pharmacology of PDGFR-β inhibition and the effect on tumor growth. These models include an ex vivo measure of PDGFR-β phosphorylation in glioblastoma tumors, a sponge model to measure inhibition of angiogenesis, and multiple models of tumor growth inhibition. Inhibition of PDGFR-β phosphorylation in tumors correlates with plasma and tumor levels of CP-673,451. A dose of 33 mg/kg was adequate to provide &amp;gt;50% inhibition of receptor for 4 hours corresponding to an EC50 of 120 ng/mL in plasma at Cmax. In a sponge angiogenesis model, CP-673,451 inhibited 70% of PDGF-BB-stimulated angiogenesis at a dose of 3 mg/kg (q.d. × 5, p.o., corresponding to 5.5 ng/mL at Cmax). The compound did not inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor- or basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis at concentrations which inhibited tumor growth. The antitumor efficacy of CP-673,451 was evaluated in a number of human tumor xenografts grown s.c. in athymic mice, including H460 human lung carcinoma, Colo205 and LS174T human colon carcinomas, and U87MG human glioblastoma multiforme. Once-daily p.o. × 10 days dosing routinely inhibited tumor growth (ED50 ≤ 33 mg/kg). These data show that CP-673,451 is a pharmacologically selective PDGFR inhibitor, inhibits tumor PDGFR-β phosphorylation, selectively inhibits PDGF-BB-stimulated angiogenesis in vivo, and causes significant tumor growth inhibition in multiple human xenograft models.
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Patrick T. O’Gara, Frederick G. Kushner, Deborah D. Ascheim, Donald E. Casey, Mina K. Chung, James A. de Lemos, Steven M. Ettinger, James C. Fang, Francis M. Fesmire, Barry A. Franklin, Christopher B. Granger, Harlan M. Krumholz, Jane A. Linderbaum, David A. Morrow, L. Kristin Newby, Joseph P. Ornato, Narith Ou, Martha J. Radford, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Carl L. Tommaso, Cynthia M. Tracy, Y. Joseph Woo, David X. Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Effect of cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis plasma on the movement and retention of 45Ca2+ and 35SO42- in guinea-pig stomach and small intestine.
Authors: S M Morrissey, J G Mehta
Journal: Gut (1981)

The effect of cystic fibrosis plasma on the net fluxes of 45Ca2+ and 35SO42- across the guinea-pig stomach and small intestine was investigated, using an automatic short-circuit current apparatus. A significant increase in net fluxes across the stomach and small intestine for 45Ca2+ in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma compared with non-cystic fibrosis plasma was observed. There was an increase in net flux for 35SO42- across the stomach in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma when compared with non-cystic fibrosis plasma. However, there was a more highly significant increase in net fluxes for 35SO42- across the small intestine in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma when compared with non-cystic fibrosis plasma. The amount of 45Ca2+ activity retained by the stomach and small intestine is more highly significant in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma than in the presence of non-cystic fibrosis plasma. The retention of 35SO42- activity by the stomach and small intestine in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma when compared with non-cystic fibrosis plasma was also highly significant. These findings indicate that cystic fibrosis plasma increases the net fluxes and raises retention of 45Ca2+ and 35SO42- in guinea-pig stomach and small intestine.
THE CLINICAL REACTION OF THE SKIN TO MUSTARD GAS VAPOUR
Authors: D. C. SINCLAIR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1949)

Journal Article THE CLINICAL REACTION OF THE SKIN TO MUSTARD GAS VAPOUR Get access D. C. SINCLAIR, M.A., M.D. D. C. SINCLAIR, M.A., M.D. Senior Research Officer, Department of Human Anatomy, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 61, Issue 4, 1 April 1949, Pages 113–125, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1949.tb11067.x Published: 01 April 1949
Production of Coronary Heart Disease in the Rabbit by Lanolin Feeding
Authors: IMASATO DONOMAE, YOSHIJIRO MATSUMOTO, TATSUO KOKUBU, REIZO KOIDE
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

This paper reports the production of severe coronary atherosclerosis and frequent myocardial lesions, including infarction, in rabbits by lanolin feeding and by lanolin feeding combined with other manipulations--castration, supplementary salt in the diet, ammonium chloride acidosis, nicotine and allylamine administration.
Renal effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil in cyclosporine-treated liver transplant recipients
Authors: Salvatore Badalamenti, Francesco Salerno, Elettra Lorenzano, Gianni Paone, Giovanna Como, Silvia Finazzi, Anna Cristina Sacchetta, Antoni Rimola, Giorgio Graziani, Dinangelo Galmarini, Claudio Ponticelli
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Nephrotoxicity is the main untoward effect of cyclosporine (CsA) treatment. Experimental and clinical data suggest that dietary supplementation with fish oil may lessen cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, possibly by lowering renal thromboxane (Tx) production. We have studied the renal effects of a daily supplementation for 2 months of 12 g fish oil (18% C20:5 n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 12% C22:6 n-3 docosahexanoic acid [DHA]) in a placebo-controlled (12 g corn oil), prospective, randomized, double-blind study of stable CsA-treated liver transplant recipients. Thirteen patients ingested corn oil capsules and 13 fish oil. Compliance with dietary regimen was confirmed by fatty acid chromatography that showed increased plasma concentrations of EPA (from 0.4 +/- 0.02% to 4.6 +/- 0.5%, P < .0001) and DHA (from 1.8 +/- 0.2% to 3.9 +/- 0.1%, P < .0001) in the fish oil group and increased plasma concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) in the corn oil group (from 25 +/- 2% to 28.4 +/- 2%, P < .001). At the end of the 2 months of the study, in the fish oil group the effective renal plasma flow increased by 22% (P = .012), the glomerular filtration rate increased by 33% (P = .057), the renal blood flow increased by 17% (P = .024), and the calculated total renal vascular resistances decreased by 20% (P = .034). In contrast, none of these parameters changed in the corn oil group. The renal functional reserve determined during L-arginine infusion, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone (PA) remained unchanged during the study in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and management of noncentral nervous system cancer‐related cognitive impairment in adults
Authors: Jeffrey S. Wefel, Shelli R. Kesler, Kyle R. Noll, Sanne B. Schagen
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2014)

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Over the past few decades, a body of research has emerged confirming what many adult patients with noncentral nervous system cancer have long reported—that cancer and its treatment are frequently associated with cancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI). The severity of CRCI varies, and symptoms can emerge early or late in the disease course. Nonetheless, CRCI is typically mild to moderate in nature and primarily involves the domains of memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. Animal models and novel neuroimaging techniques have begun to unravel the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying CRCI, including the role of inflammatory cascades, direct neurotoxic effects, damage to progenitor cells, white matter abnormalities, and reduced functional connectivity, among others. Given the paucity of research on CRCI with other cancer populations, this review synthesizes the current literature with a deliberate focus on CRCI within the context of breast cancer. A hypothetical case‐study approach is used to illustrate how CRCI often presents clinically and how current science can inform practice. While the literature regarding intervention for CRCI is nascent, behavioral and pharmacologic approaches are discussed. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 123–138. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The Diabetes Empowerment Scale: a measure of psychosocial self-efficacy.
Authors: R M Anderson, M M Funnell, J T Fitzgerald, D G Marrero
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity, reliability, and utility of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES), which is a measure of diabetes-related psychosocial self-efficacy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this study (n = 375), the psychometric properties of the DES were calculated. To establish validity, DES subscales were compared with 2 previously validated subscales of the Diabetes Care Profile (DCP). Factor and item analyses were conducted to develop subscales that were coherent, meaningful, and had an acceptable coefficient alpha. RESULTS: The psychometric analyses resulted in a 28-item DES (alpha = 0.96) with 3 subscales: Managing the Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes (alpha = 0.93), Assessing Dissatisfaction and Readiness To Change (alpha = 0.81), and Setting and Achieving Diabetes Goals (alpha = 0.91). Consistent correlations in the expected direction between DES subscales and DCP subscales provided evidence of concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that the DES is a valid and reliable measure of diabetes-related psychosocial self-efficacy. The DES should be a useful outcome measure for various educational and psychosocial interventions related to diabetes.
Helicobacter pylori and two ultrastructurally distinct layers of gastric mucous cell mucins in the surface mucous gel layer
Authors: E Hidaka
Journal: Gut (2001)

Helicobacter pylori locate not only on the apical surface of surface mucous cells but also in the mucous gel layer covering the gastric mucosa. The present study was undertaken to observe the mucous gel layer itself and any H pylori in this layer at the electron microscopic level, and to determine whether H pylori proliferate in this layer.We examined resected human stomachs (five cases, fixed in Carnoy's solution, paraffin embedded) under the light microscope, and gastric biopsy specimens (10 cases, fixed in glutaraldehyde with or without osmium, epoxy embedded) under the electron microscope. We performed histochemical staining for gastric mucins and immunostaining for H pylori, gastric gland mucous type mucins, and intestinal mucins.Under the electron microscope, surface mucous cell type mucins and gland mucous cell type mucins in the mucous gel layer covering gastric mucosa without intestinal metaplasia showed reticular and band like structures, respectively. H pylori were frequently found as small aggregates within the mucous gel layer of surface mucous cell type mucins, and H pylori within these aggregates were seen dividing. H pylori were frequently found in the mucous gel layer of the surface mucous cell type mucins along the border with the layer of gland mucous cell mucins. Occasionally, H pylori were trapped by frayed thin threads of the gland mucous cell type mucins.The two types of gastric mucins in the mucous gel layer differ in ultrastructure. H pylori preferentially colonise and form microcolonies within the mucous gel layer of surface mucous cell type mucins. Mucins from gland mucous cells may disturb the movement of H pylori within the mucous gel layer.
ANCA-stimulated neutrophils release BLyS and promote B cell survival: a clinically relevant cellular process
Authors: N. J. Holden, J. M. Williams, M. D. Morgan, A. Challa, J. Gordon, R. J. Pepper, A. D. Salama, L. Harper, C. O. S. Savage
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine a role for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-activated neutrophils in promoting B cell survival through the release of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS). <h3>Methods</h3> Neutrophil BLyS expression was measured by flow cytometry. Concentrations of BLyS in cell supernatants and donor serum samples were measured by ELISA. Cell survival assays were carried out using an L3055 cell line and viability measured by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> Tumour necrosis factor α and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) treatment of non-primed neutrophils and treatment of primed neutrophils with anti-PR3 ANCA IgG resulted in a significant increase in surface expression of BLyS within 30 min which returned to basal levels by 2 h. Supernatants from ANCA-stimulated neutrophils were shown to contain increased levels of BLyS and to promote the survival of the centroblast cell line L3055. Serum BLyS concentrations are increased in patients with active ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis and these levels are increased further following 1–3 months of treatment with rituximab. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ANCA specifically causes the release of BLyS from activated neutrophils which can support B cell survival in vitro. The presence of serum BLyS in active disease and its increase following B cell depletion suggest it is an important factor in disease pathogenesis and may facilitate disease relapse.