tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatric Services in a California Group Health Plan
Authors: EDWARD L. GREEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Provisions for the treatment of mental illness under various kinds of insurance coverage have undergone dramatic change, which the author outlines. He also describes the expectations, patient and contract characteristics, and results of establishing psychiatric services in the Southern California Permanente Medical Group, a large group health plan. Utilization rates (which are much higher than in the UAW program) and the problems encountered over an eight-year period are included.
Cytokine and Chemokine Responses of Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells (AEC) in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: R.N. Kamal, A. Molteni, M. Zoubine, M. Norkin, S. Reppert, Y. Xue, R. Baybutt, B. Herndon, A. Shnyra
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Which evolutionary process, and where do we want to go?
Authors: Bjørn Grinde
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Taking an evolutionary perspective on human nature is highly commendable when the purpose is to improve society. Changing the course of human evolution is more questionable – in the biological sense of the term. The “science of intentional change” should preferably have a terminology that distinguishes between genetic changes and cultural transformation, and it needs a direction.
Pharmacology and Therapeutics; a Textbook for Students and Practitioners of Medicine and its Allied Professions
Authors: R. J. Main
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This is an excellent textbook on pharmacology. It is clearly written, well organized, up-to-date, and accurate. It is more comprehensive than certain other texts, as it discusses some classes of drugs not always included in the others, such as vaccines, radiographic agents, and those specifics for hypovolemia: blood, plasma, and plasma substitutes. There is little of importance that I can criticize adversely. The dose of colistimethate sodium for children is probably excessive. Shorter, stronger, more critical discussions of outmoded drugs, as cantharides, calomel as a cathartic, and topical mercurials, are needed by students to make them realize that these drugs are either no longer in use or should not be employed. The peroral administration of liver and stomach preparations for pernicious anemia is probably now antiquated, and sulfur ointment for scabies has long been outmoded by far superior preparations. One may query the utilization of bismuth powders in wounds, as,
Human semen analysis
Authors: Frank Comhaire, L Vermeulen
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Rapid developments have occurred in the management of couple infertility due to a male factor. These have stimulated renewed interest in semen analysis, which has become more correct, more reliable and more informative. The so-called basic semen analysis, which includes subjective estimation of sperm concentration, motility and morphology, has largely become obsolete. It has been replaced by several alternative techniques such as the home testing of semen by the man himself, the elaboration of methods and equipments for the exact assessment of conventional sperm characteristics, and the measurement of new parameters evaluating the functional state and capacity of spermatozoa, accessory sex glands and seminiferous epithelium. The present paper covers the following items: (i) conventional methods of semen analysis, (ii) the resazurin test and home fertility scoring, (iii) advanced methods for the objective assessment of conventional sperm characteristics and motility parameters.
Obesity and Common Genetic Metabolic Disorders
Authors: PER-HENRIK IVERIUS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Obesity is a heterogeneous group of disorders in terms of etiology; time of development; adipose tissue characteristics; metabolic abnormalities; and associated morbidity and mortality from coronary disease. The typical patient at risk for coronary artery disease in middle age develops abdominal obesity with hypertrophic fat cells in young adulthood, has hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Two common genetic metabolic disorders—noninsulin-dependent diabetes and familial combined hyperlipidemia—both conform to the prototype, accounting perhaps for a substantial amount of the coronary artery disease associated with obesity.
P232Aspirin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: prevalence, predictors and prognostic value:
Authors: B Alhabil, L Abid, I Ben Amor, L Laroussi, S Kamoun
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: we proposed to investigate the aspirin response in hypertensive patients with coronary disease,to determine the prevalence,predictors and the prognostic value of aspirin resistance in this particular population.
Internal Mammary Nodes in Breast Cancer: Diagnosis and Implications for Patient Management—A Systematic Review
Authors: Ronald C. Chen, Nancy U. Lin, Mehra Golshan, Jay R. Harris, Jennifer R. Bellon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

The management of internal mammary nodes (IMNs) in breast cancer is controversial. Surgical series from the 1950s showed that one third of breast cancer patients had IMN involvement, with a higher risk in patients with medial tumors and/or positive axillary nodes. IMN metastasis has similar prognostic importance as axillary nodal involvement. However, after three randomized trials showed no survival benefit from extended mastectomy compared with radical or modified radical mastectomy, IMN dissection was largely abandoned. Recently, lymphoscintigraphy studies have renewed interest in IMN evaluation. Approximately one fifth of internal mammary sentinel nodes are pathologic, although most centers do not perform IMN biopsies because of concerns about morbidity and lack of established survival benefit. In addition, results from randomized trials testing the value of postmastectomy irradiation and a meta-analysis of 78 randomized trials have provided high levels of evidence that local-regional tumor control is associated with long-term survival improvements. This benefit was limited to trials that used systemic therapy, which was not routinely administered in the earlier surgical studies, although the contribution from IMN treatment is unclear. IMN irradiation has also been shown to cause increased cardiac morbidity. Before mature results from current randomized trials assessing the benefit of IMN irradiation become available, lymphoscintigraphy may be used to help guide decisions regarding systemic and local-regional treatment. However, even in patients with visualized primary IMN drainage, the potential benefit of treatment should be balanced against the risk of added morbidity.
The knees and ankles in sport and veteran military parachutists.
Authors: C F Murray-Leslie, D J Lintott, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

112 actively parachuting sport (free fall) parachutists with more than 200 descents each and 109 veteran military parachutists no longer active returned a postal questionnaire about their parachuting activities, injuries, and current and past musculoskeletal symptoms. A high frequency of fractures and injuries was reported by each group, both in relation to parachuting and to other activities. 58 sport parachutists aged 23 to 57 years (mean 33 - 3 years) had weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs taken of each knee. These showed a prevalence of radiological osteoarthrosis of 10 - 4% which was mild in degree in all but one knee in one subject. 46 ex-military parachutists aged 50 to 70 years (mean 55 - 2 years) had weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs taken of both knees and showed a prevalence of radiological osteroarthrosis of 41 - 3%. Moderate and severe changes were found in 10 - 9%. In both groups of parachutists six of the eight knee joints showing either moderate or severe radiological osteroarthrosis had been subjected to a previous meniscectomy. Forty ex-military parachutists had anteroposterior radiographs of the ankles (talotibial articulation) and showed a prevalence of osteoarthrosis of 17 - 5%, with the majority showing mild changes. There was a poor correlation between radiological osteoarthrosis, ankle symptoms, and previous fractures. With the reservation that the great majority of the sport group are still young (95% aged less than 50 years), it is concluded that parachutists as a group do not show an increased prevalence of radiological osteoarthrosis of the knee or ankle.
Serum lipids, typing, fibrinolysis, and smoking.
Authors: L M Dalderup, J A Zwartz, G H Keller, F Schouten, W B Van Haard
Journal: BMJ (1970)

fibrinogen was absent, and a test for fibrin degradation products was positive.Direct spectroscopy of the blood revealed large amounts of oxyhaemoglobin and some methaemoglobin.Schumm's test revealed moderate amounts of methaemalbumin.Shortly after admission he passed large amounts of fresh blood (approximately 1 litre in all) per rectum, and despite treatment with plasma and intravenous heparin, the patient died.Post-mortem examination showed com- plete absence of clotting of the blood throughout the body with the exception of the jejunum.The aorta showed haemolytic staining of the intima.The jejunum was bluish in colour and oedematous.There was ulceration of the mucosa
Changing Patterns of Medical Practice
Authors: Allen S. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE recognition of the importance of emotional stress in the genesis of certain disorders has been a fruitful concept so far as it has promoted the treatment of the patient as a whole. But if it is uncritically applied it may stifle the scientific investigation of disease mechanisms either as the result of attributing etiologic responsibility to the emotional accompaniment of any serious disorder or as the result of assuming that clinical entities of unknown etiology must be psychogenic in origin. The psychiatrically oriented physician is usually involved in a restricted type of practice, which furnishes no representative sample for . . .
Delirium in the Elderly Patient
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Zbigniew J. Lipowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

TRANSIENT global disorders of cognition and attention, usually referred to as delirium or acute confusional states, are one of the most common and important forms of psychopathology in later life.1 2 3 4 5 6 Hodkinson has stated, "Acute mental confusion as a presenting symptom holds a central position in the medicine of old age. Its importance cannot be overemphasized, for acute confusion is a far more common herald of the onset of physical illness in an older person than are, for example, fever, pain or tachycardia."7 The elderly, especially the very old, are uniquely prone to delirium as a consequence of almost any physical . . .
FATAL CASE IN WHICH AN AGED LADY WAS NINE WEEKS WITHOUT AN EVACUATION OF FAeCES
Authors: T. G. Wales
Journal: BMJ (1854)

mfllu tht,Of a darki purple ocolour, the dweent of which doub had ocasoned the severe symptoms and htal tedmation of the case RE AKs.The proper mode of combating with success cas like this must at once be apparent; as, although the henial protrusion may be very difficult of detection, from the superincumbet tumour, yet, if there are unequivocal symptoms of intestinal obstruction, I think it will be con- ceded that we are justified in making an exploratory inci- sion, by which, as occurred in Mr. Brown's interesting case, above referred to, we may sometimes succeed in rescuing a patient from much suffering, and indeed im- pending death.*Manchester, October 1854.* John HorsIeld, the subject of this paper, although only a weaver by tade, wss distinguished for his botanical knowledge generally, but espe.daly of English plants, ad formed one of a banJ of most zealous fellow- 1 _boum in that department of natra science, who have long asoated t sv togethr in this neighbourhood, and have regular meetlap for dh pupo of mutl informaton on botaica subjects.
Hepatitis B virus nucleic acids associated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells do not originate from replicating virus
Authors: J Köck, L Theilmann, P Galle, H Schlicht
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

There have been numerous reports suggesting that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be productively infected with human hepatitis B virus (HBV). We therefore examined whether the PBMCs can be used to establish an in vitro infection system for HBV. Freshly purified PBMCs were incubated with HBV with or without mitogen stimulation. Successful infection was tested using a newly developed PCR method that can differentiate between the relaxed circular (RC) DNA of the virus inoculum and the covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA which is formed only after successful virus entry. This method enables virus uptake to be proven even if the infection is abortive because there is no gene expression because of the lack of liver specific gene expression factors. All attempts to detect CCC DNA after incubation of PBMCs with HBV failed. On the contrary, CCC DNA could easily be detected in infected liver or after in vitro infection of primary human hepatocytes. Because this result appeared to be contradictory to the published data, we analyzed PMBCs isolated from infected patients. We could confirm that HBV DNA and RNA are associated with these cells. However, even after restimulation with mitogens, we could only detect RC DNA. Moreover, we could also demonstrate that viral RNA is present in free virus. Apparently, a certain amount of defective particles do not reverse transcribe the packaged pregenomic RNA. In summary we found no evidence that PMBCs can be infected with HBV and conclude that all previous observations can be explained by adsorbed virus.
Major reduction in asthma morbidity and continued reduction in asthma mortality in New Zealand: what lessons have been learned?
Authors: J Garrett, J Kolbe, G Richards, T Whitlock, H Rea
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Increasing financial barriers to primary health care against a background of social and economic decline are likely to have contributed to asthma morbidity and mortality in New Zealand. Although there would not have been a sufficient increase in asthma prevalence to have accounted for the threefold increase in mortality rates, whether or not there was an increase in asthma severity in the late 1970s remains open to debate. Misuse or poor use of newly available and potent bronchodilator medications by those with the most severe asthma may simply have contributed to further delays in obtaining appropriate care and therefore to an increase in frequency of severe attacks in the community. Despite substantial increases in the use of bronchodilator therapy in New Zealand, there was no immediate improvement in indices of either asthma morbidity or mortality. The initial reduction in mortality rates in the 1980s happened at a time when first admissions for asthma were still increasing and seems to be best explained by an improvement in utilisation of hospital services (which were free until 1992) rather than a reduction in asthma severity. However, the recent reductions in all measures of asthma morbidity and further reduction in asthma mortality since 1989 does now suggest a reduction in asthma severity and would be best explained by the substantial increase in medium and high dose inhaled corticosteroid use, and to the endorsement of the current management strategies for asthma which are being promoted internationally and which were given considerable publicity in New Zealand in 1989 and 1990. Whilst sales of inhaled beta agonists were higher in 1991 than 1989, this may not reflect their pattern of use by individual patients since the need for an increase in inhaled beta agonist treatment has been accepted as indicating a lack of control and the need for either starting or increasing the dose of inhaled steroid treatment.
The presence of abnormal lysosomes in lymphocytes and neutrophils during chloroquine therapy: a quantitative ultrastructural study.
Authors: C J Jones, R S Salisbury, M I Jayson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Lysosomal ultrastructure in circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils from the blood of 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing chloroquine therapy has been examined and compared with that of rheumatoid cases receiving alternative forms of treatment and non-rheumatoid controls. The lymphocytes of all 22 patients receiving chloroquine showed a highly significant number of lamellar inclusion bodies (mean 9.3%) compared with only occasional inclusions in six of the 14 rheumatoid and four of the 12 non-rheumatoid controls (means 0.86% and 0.83% respectively). Neutrophils from eight chloroquine-treated patients also showed abnormal granules which were absent from both control groups. These findings confirm our earlier in vitro work which indicated that lymphocytes, compared with neutrophils, had a greater susceptibility to chloroquine action with respect to alterations in lysosomal structure.
112. Strong Transgene-Specific Immune Responses Can Be Elicited with Novel Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Mice
Authors: Yan Zhi, Julie Johnston, Di Wu, Joanita Figueredo, Martin Lock, Peter Bell, Guangping Gao, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Vectors based on recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) have been widely appreciated for gene therapy application, in which the sustained expression of self-genes has been successfully achieved in a variety of animal models. However, the potential of rAAV vectors as vaccine carriers has only recently been recognized. We have isolated several novel AAV serotypes from primates i.e AAVs 7, 8, and 9. Therefore, it is of our interest to develop potential vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) based on rAAV vectors of these new serotypes. We have constructed a panel of rAAV vectors based on different AAV serotypes (including AAV2/1, AAV2, AAV2/5, AAV2/7, AAV2/8, and AAV2/9), which all encoded HIV-1 gag p17 and p24 (designated as gagshort). BALB/c mice were i.m. immunized with this panel of AAVHIVgagshort vectors at the dose of E11 genome copies/mouse. 2, 3, and 4 weeks after immunization, splenocytes were harvested and stimulated with the H-2d restricted gag-specific CD8 T-cell epitope in intracellular IFN-g staining. Overall, AAV2/7 and AAV2/8 vaccine vectors elicited the highest levels of gag-specific CD8 T-cell responses; while AAV2/1 and AAV2/9 vaccine vectors were able to induce intermediate levels of gag-specific CD8 T-cell responses. Gag-specific CD8 T-cell responses induced with AAV2/5 and AAV2/2 vaccine vectors were barely detectable. In addition, serum samples from immunized mice were collected and total IgG responses to gag p24 were measured by ELISA. Overall, AAV2/7 and AAV2/9 vaccine vectors yielded the strongest IgG responses against p24; while AAV2/8, AAV2/1, and AAV2/5 vaccine vectors produced the intermediate IgG responses against p24. Surprisingly, there was no detectable p24-specific IgG response in serum samples from mice immunized with AAV2/2HIVgagshort vector, even though this vector yielded very high level of p24 expression in transduced cells in vitro. Interestingly, different patterns of p24-specific IgG1 vs IgG2a responses were observed in serum samples from mice immunized with HIVgagshort vaccine vectors based on different AAV serotypes. Furthermore, significant inflammation and infiltration in the mouse muscles injected with AAV2/7 and AAV2/8 vaccine vectors were observed at 4 weeks after i.m. injection by H/E staining. Taken together, these data suggested that strong transgene-specific immune responses can be elicited with novel rAAV vectors in mice. The immunogenicity of these vectors based on novel AAV serotypes will be examined in nonhuman primates.
A Future Shortage of Residency Training Positions
Authors: David A. Kindig, Nancy Cross Dunham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IT is now widely recognized that the major enrollment increases in United States medical schools that began in the early 1970s will produce a record number of yearly graduates in the coming decade, with a resulting increase in the number of physicians for the remainder of the century. This growth in physician supply was one of the major findings of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC), which in 1980 projected that the number of physicians in the United States would increase by as much as 43 per cent between the years 1978 and 1990.1 One area of concern . . .
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: cornering the rat
Authors: P Kowey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

See article by Frey et al. [8] (pages 254–264) in this issue. 

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a terrible disease [1]. It is associated with negative hemodynamic changes leading to pulmonary congestion and low output, and with severe ventricular arrhythmias that in many cases are lethal. We have learned a good deal about the electrophysiology of this disease [2]. Unlike ischemic heart disease that predisposes to conduction block and reentrant arrhythmias on that basis, the lesion of hypertrophy involves repolarization [3]. Hypertrophied cells have long and non-uniform repolarization times. This dispersion of action potential duration is a milieu in which early afterdepolarizations can generate sustained and highly disorganized ventricular arrhythmias, manifest on the surface ECG as polymorphous ventricular tachycardia that quickly degenerates into ventricular fibrillation. As hypertrophy progresses, the situation is further complicated by fibrosis and irregular cell connection that increases the potential for transmyocardial reentry and arrhythmogenesis. Hypertrophied cells, already manifesting marked potassium channel abnormalities, are highly sensitive to metabolic conditions such as hypokalemia, or QT prolonging drugs that further prolong refractoriness, compounding the potential for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia [3,4]. Thus, in patients with hypertrophic disease, in particular the familial form, sudden and unexpected death is a heavy liability.

Unfortunately, we have not yet developed efficient methods to predict which patients are uniquely susceptible to this problem, nor have we available highly effective or safe …