tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antihemophilic Factor (Factor VIII)
Authors: OSCAR D. RATNOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Antihemophilic factor (Factor VIII) is an agent in normal plasma that corrects the coagulative defect of classic hemophilia. The plasma of hemophiliacs contains normal amounts of a variant of antihemophilic factor deficient in clot-promoting properties. In contrast, von Willebrand's disease is usually associated with a true deficiency of this protein. In this disorder, the platelets are poorly aggregated by ristocetin, a defect ascribed to deficiency of antihemophilic factor. Structural studies of antihemophilic factor suggest that it is composed of two dissociable subcomponents, one of high molecular weight that contains the bulk of protein and sustains ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, and another of lower molecular weight with procoagulant activity. Both subcomponents have been identified in hemophilic plasma, as if the smaller subcomponent were qualitatively abnormal. Carriers of hemophilia can often be detected because their plasmas contain a disproportionately high concentration of antihemophilic factor, measured immunologically, compared with the titer of procoagulant antihemophilic factor.
The Teaching Hospital's Service to the Public
Authors: Allan M. Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THAT ether was introduced into the practice of medicine in a hospital such as the Massachusetts General Hospital was not an odd chance. Such a large teaching general hospital provides the various factors essential to the intelligent introduction of new therapeutic agents and technics to medical practice. Indeed, the actual application of all new medical knowledge must almost always be accomplished through such a hospital. Where else can be found an adequate number of patients under the close and continuous observation of competent physicians who have the appropriate training, the curiosity, the time and the support of adequate laboratory facilities . . .
Kalman Laszlo Keczkes von Ganoz
Authors: S. Walton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We remember Kalman Laszlo Keczkes von Ganoz as an exceptional physician—a kind, courteous, and generous man who enjoyed the company of his family, colleagues, and friends.

Kalman Keczkes was born in Budapest in 1932 into a Hungarian aristocratic family. He was proud of his heritage and would often speak of the different life he led growing up in 1930s Hungary.

He was a strong Catholic from a young age at a time when religious views were not tolerated in communist countries. In 1948, at the age of 16, he was expelled from every school in Hungary because he would not denounce his religion.

However, this did not deter him. Fortunately, his father was a leading physicist and he …
Ferment in Medicine: A Study of the Essence of Medical Practice and of Its New Dilemmas
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This provocative little book raises critical issues for medical practice and medical care. The author, a teacher of medicine and psychiatry at the University of Minnesota, has developed the ideas presented during 15 years of seminars with senior medical students. The book begins with an analysis, largely theoretical, of the interaction between doctors and patients. It is refreshing to read a doctor's thoughts on this subject, and Magraw has a strong sense of the paradox and strain of the doctor's role which is sometimes overlooked in discussions by social scientists. He gives us a compendium of ideas derived from the work of philosophers, scholars, sociologists, and physicians, as well as from his own personal experience. Unfortunately, the mixture is so rich that it is hard to digest. Brief, eclectic presentations permit very little documentation or extended analysis. Some generalizations, such as the idea that doctors see the doctor-patient relationship purely
Th2-associated immunity to bacteria in teenagers and susceptibility to asthma
Authors: E.M. Hollams, B.J. Hales, C. Bachert, W. Huvenne, F. Parsons, N.H. de Klerk, M. Serralha, B.J. Holt, S. Ahlstedt, W.R. Thomas, P.D. Sly, P.G. Holt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Bacterial colonisation of the airways is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma. Immunoglobulin (Ig)E against bacterial antigens has been reported in some asthmatics, suggesting a role for bacterial-specific type-2 immunity in disease pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate relationships between bacterial-specific IgE amongst teenagers and asthma susceptibility. We measured titres of IgE against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in 1,380 teenagers, and related these to asthma symptomatology and immunophenotypes. IgE titres against S. aureus-derived enterotoxins were highest amongst atopics and were associated with asthma risk. Surprisingly, IgE titres against H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae surface antigens were higher, not stratified by atopy and independently associated with decreased asthma risk. The positive association between type-2 immunity to S. aureus and asthma phenotypes probably reflects IgE-mediated effector cell activation via enterotoxin super antigens which are secreted in soluble form. The contrasting benign nature of type-2 immunity to H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae antigens may reflect their lower availability in soluble forms that can crosslink IgE receptors. We theorise that instead they may be processed by antigen presenting cells and presented to type-2 memory cells leading to mucosal secretion of interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, a mechanism widely recognised in other tissues to attenuate T-helper-1 associated bacterial-induced inflammation.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: H. L. Marriott
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Genomic surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 lineages informs our understanding of possible future changes in transmissibility and vaccine efficacy. However, small changes in the frequency of one lineage over another are often difficult to interpret because surveillance samples are obtained from a variety of sources. Here, we describe lineage dynamics and phylogenetic relationships using sequences obtained from a random community sample who provided a throat and nose swab for rt-PCR during the first three months of 2021 as part of the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study. Overall, diversity decreased during the first quarter of 2021, with the B.1.1.7 lineage (first identified in Kent) predominant, driven by a 0.3 unit higher reproduction number over the prior wild type. During January, positive samples were more likely B.1.1.7 in younger and middle-aged adults (aged 18 to 54) than in other age groups. Although individuals infected with the B.1.1.7 lineage were no more likely to report one or more classic COVID-19 symptoms compared to those infected with wild type, they were more likely to be antibody positive 6 weeks after infection. Viral load was higher in B.1.1.7 infection as measured by cycle threshold (Ct) values, but did not account for the increased rate of testing positive for antibodies. The presence of infections with non-imported B.1.351 lineage (first identified in South Africa) during January, but not during February or March, suggests initial establishment in the community followed by fade-out. However, this occurred during a period of stringent social distancing and targeted public health interventions and does not immediately imply similar lineages could not become established in the future. Sequence data from representative community surveys such as REACT-1 can augment routine genomic surveillance.
A piece of my mind. Family medicine
Authors: W. R. McClintic
Journal: JAMA (1989)

I had the honor of making a house call at the Brewer farm the other night. That might sound facetious, but it's not. It almost always strikes me as a privilege to breech the inner sanctum of someone's home, where only the most intimate of family and friends hover near the sick and dying. You can almost feel the layers of privacy and familiarity brush by as you make your way to the bedroom. The smells, the pictures, the old boots by the door—all things universal to a human nest, yet all stamped so indelibly with their own uniqueness. And so it was with the Brewer home. Helen was now 78 and dying. She knew it, although she wouldn't dwell on it or even discuss it. Her family knew too— even her great-grandchildren. Her pain was unremitting, she could barely tolerate nourishment, and her strength was all but gone. Yet
Doctor Thornton and His Capitol
Authors: Keith M. Lindgren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

WILLIAM Thornton, M.D., architect and inventor (Fig. 1), is better known to historians and architects than to physicians. The basic design of the United States Capitol Building in Washington (Fig. 2) stands among his achievements. Yet this man, who contributed much to the architecture and institutions of the early United States, began his versatile career as a doctor of medicine.Dr. Thornton was born in 1759 of Quaker parents on the Island of Jost van Dyke in the Virgin Islands and, at an early age, was sent to England for an education. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh . . .
Asthma control assessment in a pediatric population: comparison between <scp>GINA</scp>/<scp>NAEPP</scp> guidelines, Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐<scp>ACT</scp>), and physician's rating
Authors: A. Deschildre, I. Pin, K. El Abd, S. Belmin‐Larrar, S. El Mourad, C. Thumerelle, P. Le Roux, C. Langlois, J. de Blic
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background Guidelines recommend regular assessment of asthma control. The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐ ACT ) is a clinically validated tool. Aim To evaluate asthma control according to GINA 2006, NAEPP , pediatrician's assessment ( PA ), and C‐ ACT in asthmatic children visiting their ambulatory pediatrician or tertiary care pediatric pulmonologist. Methods Demographic data, treatment, and number of severe exacerbations during the previous year were collected. Control was assessed using (i) strict GINA 2006 criteria, (ii) GINA without taking into account the exacerbation item, (iii) NAEPP criteria, and (iv) PA . Children and parents filled out the C‐ ACT . Results Five hundred and twenty‐five children completed the survey (mean age: 7.7 years; 28% ≤ 6 years). 78% had a controller treatment. 58% reported ≥ 1 severe exacerbation. C‐ ACT was ≤ 19 in 29.5%. Control was not achieved in 76.5%, 55%, 40%, and 34% according to GINA 2006 guidelines, NAEPP guidelines, GINA 2006 without exacerbation criteria, and PA , respectively. C‐ ACT was significantly lower in children ≤ 6 years old ( P = 0.002) or with severe exacerbations ( P &lt; 0.0001). According to PA , 89% of patients with a C‐ ACT &gt; 21 were controlled and 85% of patients with a C‐ ACT &lt; 17 not controlled. Conclusion We observed discrepancies between the different tools applied to assess asthma control in children, and the impact of age and exacerbations. Cutoff point of 19 of C‐ ACT was not associated with the best performance compared to PA . Assessment of control should take into account symptoms and lung function as suggested by the latest GINA guidelines as well as exacerbation over a long period.
Methylene Blue for Eczema Herpeticum
Authors: Te-Wen Chang
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Eczema herpeticum has emerged as the most common form of Kaposi varicelliform eruption since the discontinuation of routine smallpox vaccination. It can be a serious complication of infantile eczema, with a death rate as high as 9%.1Successful treatment with systemic administration of cytarabine has been reported, but the true value of this drug remains to be determined.2Furthermore, cytarabine is not without toxic effects—notably bone marrow depression— after being administered systemically.  Methylene blue, a phenothiazine derivative, has been shown to be viricidally active toward herpesvirus hominis in the presence of light exposure, both in vitro3and in vivo.4The dye enters living cells, but transiently, thus inactivating both extracellular and intracellular viruses with minimal damage to the cells. Recently, a controlled study indicated methylene blue's therapeutic effectiveness in eczema herpeticum.5Local application of 0.1% methylene blue solution to half of the diseased area followed
Peroral direct cholangioscopy with an ultraslim gastroscope in combination with a short double-balloon enteroscope for reconstructed biliary anatomy
Authors: M. Matsushita, M. Shimatani, T. Ikeura, M. Takaoka, K. Okazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

We read with interest the article by Itoi et al. [1] on ultraslim endoscope-assisted therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with a papilla that was inaccessible by double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in a patient with Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Although DBE could reach the papilla, selective cannulation failed because of the difficult location of the papilla. After creating an aperture in the overtube because of the shorter length of an ultraslim endoscope, they replaced the DBE device with an ultraslim endoscope, and were able to place a biliary stent and transpapillary nasocystic catheter. They also described this method for a peridiverticular papilla that was inaccessible by single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in a patient with Roux-en-Y anastomosis [2].
Collagen of the dystrophic hamster diaphragm.
Authors: N S al-Zaid, M S al-Adnani, K A Gumaa
Journal: Thorax (1990)

The collagen content of the diaphragm was measured in normal and dystrophic hamsters aged 130 and 270 days. The diaphragm collagen content was greater in dystrophic hamsters than in control hamsters of the same age. The effect was greater in the older hamsters whether the collagen content was expressed in terms of the percentage of dry weight, in relation to surface area, or as total collagen. This increase was apparently at the expense of muscle tissue and may be a major factor contributing to respiratory muscle weakness as dystrophy advances.
Administration of IL-18BP by gene therapy reduces inflammation and prevents joint destruction by downregulation of MMP9 in rat AIA: role of MMP9 in bone and joint destruction in arthritis
Authors: H. Marotte, S. Ahmed, M. A. Amin, J. H. Ruth, P. L. Campbell, B. J. Rabquer, C. Lesch, B. P. Lewis, J. Dudler, A. E. Koch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) gene therapy in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model and to decipher the mechanisms by which IL-18BP delivery lessens bone destruction. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Arthritis was induced in female Lewis rat by <i>Mycobacterium butyricum</i> and the mRNA expression of IL-18 and IL-18BP was determined in the joints. In a preventive study, rats were divided into an adenovirus producing IL-18BP-Fc (AdmIL-18BP-Fc) group (n=8) and an adenovirus producing green fluorescent protein (AdGFP) group (n=7). On day 8 after AIA induction, adenoviruses were injected. Clinical parameters were assessed. At day 18, during maximal arthritis, the rats were euthanized, ankles were collected and x-rays were performed. mRNA and protein were extracted from joints for analysis by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, multiplex, Western blot and zymography. <h3>Results</h3> The authors observed a decrease in the (IL-18BP/IL-18) ratio from day 7 to 45. Administration of AdmIL-18BPd-Fc decreased clinical parameters and prevented bone and joint destruction compared to AdGFP administration. IL-18BP delivery reduced the (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG)) ratio by 70%, the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) level by 33% and the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) level by 44% in the joint homogenates from AdmIL-18BPd-Fc compared to AdGFP treated rats. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In rat AIA, a decrease in the (IL-18BP/IL-18) ratio was observed. IL-18BP delivery prevented joint and bone destruction by downregulating MMP9, (RANKL/OPG) and TRAP, suggesting a potential benefit of a similar therapy in RA. <h3>Abstract topics</h3> Towards novel therapeutic strategies.
Treatment of Consumption by the Hypodermic Administration of Guaiacol and Iodoform
Authors: R. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1891)

8. C(onclusions from the above Series of Cases.-Insome cases it may be fairly concluded that tuberculin has done decided good; in others that it has been negative in its effects; and again, in otlhers that it has probably been harmful.As to the selection of patients for treatment, provided that verv advanced cases ,are excluded, the experience obtained by care- ful observationis during, the past seven-months has thlrown no liglht whatever upon the subject, and my colleague and I are still absolutely at a loss for data to determine beforehand what are and wvlhat are not suitable cases for treatment with tuberculin.
Safety of Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided Atrial Septostomy: Outcomes of the Largest series of TEE-guided Atrial Septostomy in Turkey
Authors: Mehmet Bilge, Bilge Karaduman Duran, Recai Alemdar, Ayse Saatci Yasar, Sina Ali, Özgür Kırbas, Cemal Koseoglu, Mehmet Erdogan, Özge Kurmus, Turgay Aslan, Mustafa Duran, Serkan Sivri, Filiz Özçelik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Epidemiological characteristics of platelet aggregability.
Authors: T W Meade, M V Vickers, S G Thompson, Y Stirling, A P Haines, G J Miller
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The epidemiological characteristics of platelet aggregability were established in 958 participants in the Northwick Park Heart Study. The main analyses were based on the dose of adenosine diphosphate at which primary aggregation occurred at half its maximum velocity. Aggregability increased with age in both sexes, was greater in whites than blacks (particularly among men), and tended to decrease with the level of habitual alcohol consumption. Aggregability was, however, greater in women than men and in nonsmokers than smokers. There was no relation between aggregability on the one hand and obesity, current or past oral contraceptive use, menopausal state, or blood cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations on the other. Aggregability was somewhat, though not significantly, higher in men with a history of ischaemic heart disease and in those with electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemia than in those without. There was a strong association between the plasma fibrinogen concentration and aggregability. The widely held concept of platelet aggregability and its implications is probably an oversimplification. In the prevention of thrombosis it may be as useful to consider modifying external influences on platelet behaviour, such as plasma fibrinogen concentration or thrombin production, as it is to rely solely on platelet active agents.
A NEW CLUB FOOT WRENCH.
Authors: STEWART LEROY McCURDY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In the treatment of the various forms of talipes even after tenotomy of the tendo-Achilles, or the plantar fascia of other muscles and ligaments, or as individual case may require, great force is required to break up the adhesion between the tarsal bones. The bones which have been in abnormal position for years are bound together by dense adhesions, and have new articulating facets in abnormal position. These distorted relationships must be disturbed. The hand of the average surgeon is not sufficiently powerful to bring the foot to a normal position. It may be necessary to even fracture the bones to overcome the deformity and when it is found necessary to do so it should be done, for by the time treatment is completed the fracture will have had ample time to unite. The "T. T." or "Thomas Twister" as introduced in this country by Dr. Ridlon is not entirely
An ergometric analysis of age group swimmers.
Authors: N. Armstrong, B. Davies
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

Thirteen male competitive swimmers (mean age 14.7 years) were studied during maximal exercise on a treadmill, cycle ergometer and biokinetic swim bench. The mean maximal oxygen uptake values elicited (treadmill = 66.5 ml.kg-1 min.-1; cycle ergometer = 61.0 ml.kg.-1 min.-1; biokinetic swimbench = 44.5 ml.kg.-1 min.-1) were higher than those reported elsewhere for children not engaged in intensive training and even when compared with other groups of similarly aged swimmers the values exhibited were some of the highest recorded. The results were directionally similar to those of other studies comparing treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise with the mean maximal oxygen uptake on the cycle ergometer 9% lower than that on the treadmill. There is no other study with which to compare swim bench values but the majority of maximal values were consistently and significantly lower than those achieved on the other ergometers. The swimmers rank within the group was minimally affected by the type of ergometer on which the measurement was made.
Anti-HIV Substances for Rape Victims
Authors: S. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We agree with Foster and Bartlett<sup>1</sup>that physicians involved in the assessment, treatment, and counseling of rape victims should have a management policy that includes the possibility of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection acquired during the sexual assault. Our current practice is to take a sample of serum for storage, at the initial presentation, with a view to subsequent testing, if required. We then discuss HIV testing 3 months later following HIV pretest counseling to allow documentation of HIV seroconversion should it occur. Given that HIV seroconversion may be more prolonged, subsequent testing may be considered in certain cases. The risk of acquiring HIV during rape is unknown, and to date there is no effective vaccine or prophylaxis against HIV. To suggest the routine topical administration of nonoxynol 9 or vinegar by the physician or by the victim herself (or himself) is surely premature, and perhaps
Human allo-reactive CD4+ T cells as strong mediators of anti-tumor immunity in NOD/scid mice engrafted with human acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: S Stevanović, M Griffioen, B A Nijmeijer, M L J van Schie, A N Stumpf, C E Rutten, R Willemze, J H F Falkenburg
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
DEMONSTRATION OF PREVIOUSLY UNDETECTED HEPATITIS B VIRAL DETERMINANTS IN AN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL POPULATION BY MONOCLONAL ANTI-HBs ANTIBODY RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS
Authors: J.R. Wands, R.A. Marciniak, K.J. Isselbacher, M. Varghese, G. Don, J.W. Halliday, L.W. Powell
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
170 IMPACT OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA BEYOND MILAN ON HEPATITIS C RECURRENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: A. Mazzola, A. Coilly, V. Delvart, M. Sebagh, B. Roche, A.-M. Roque-Afonso, T.M. Antonini, B. Paule, J.-C. Duclos- Vallee, D. Samuel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Book Review Genetic Secrets: Protecting privacy and confidentiality in the genetic era Edited by Mark A. Rothstein. 511 pp. New Haven, Conn., Yale University Press, 1997. $40. 0-300-07251-1 Genetic Ethics: Do the ends justify the genes? (Horizon in Bioethics Series.) Edited by John F. Kilner, Rebecca D. Pentz, and Frank E. Young. 291 pp. Grand Rapids, Mich., Paternoster Press, 1997. $22. 0-85364-814-X
Authors: J. Stephen Bamforth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)