tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progress and Objectives in Cancer Control
Authors: Lester Breslow
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This article reviews progress in cancer control and objectives for achieving further control. In particular, rather than relying on a single composite statistic such as the age-adjusted mortality rate, this review stresses trends in cancer mortality in the United States using a cohort analysis. That method reveals a decline in cancer mortality beginning with young children in the 1950s and proceeding up the age scale in subsequent decades to those persons who were approximately 50 years of age in the mid-1980s. From age 55 years upward, the continuing increase in cancer mortality is due to epidemic lung cancer. The principal cause of that disease and what must be done to control it are well understood. The objectives for cancer control by the year 2000 set by the National Cancer Institute and the feasibility of reducing cancer mortality by as much as 25% to 50% are also considered. Increased cancer prevention research is needed. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1690-1694)
An early British case of neuromyelitis optica (1850)
Authors: S. Jarius, B. Wildemann
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The term neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s syndrome) refers to the co-occurrence of acute myelitis and optic neuritis. Regarded for many decades as a clinical variant of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica has only very recently been recognized as a disease in its own right with distinct pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment.

While the history of classic multiple sclerosis has been studied extensively, little is known about the early history of neuromyelitis optica. Here we would like to draw readers’ attention to a now forgotten early British case, which appeared in 1850 in the precursor of the BMJ, the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal , as part of a series of “Brief notes of medical cases,”1 …
Women's reproductive health Women left destitute by AIDS
Authors: A Berger, D E Logie, A W Logie, C J Elias
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Would it not be possible to maintain supplies of urofollitrophin (Metrodin (Serono)) until further consultation?In addition, Organon has just launched a gonadotrophin preparation with low luteinising hormone concentrations (Nornegon).Perhaps, Serono will reflect on the consequences of its unilateral action.
Thyroid Scanning with 131Cs
Authors: I. P. C. Murray, R. D. H. Stewart, J. S. Indyk
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Scanning of the thyroid gland after the administration of radioactive caesium (<sup>131</sup>Cs) was performed in 45 patients; in 38 of these it had been shown that a thyroid nodule failed to accumulate sodium per-technetate (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) or sodum iodide (<sup>131</sup>I). <sup>131</sup>Cs was concentrated in the nodule to a greater degree than in the paranodular thyroid tissue in seven patients, in five of whom thyroid carcinoma was subsequently identified. In five patients <sup>131</sup>Cs accumulated in both the nodule and paranodular tissue, while in the other 26 no <sup>131</sup>Cs uptake occurred in the nodule. In only one of the latter group was the thyroid lesion malignant. Caesium scanning seems to offer a useful supplementary procedure in the investigation of thyroid nodules.
Staphylococcal Pneumonia
Authors: A. M. Fisher, R. W. Trever, J. A. Curtin, G. Schultze, D. F. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IN the past few years there has been an unusually high incidence of pneumonia due to the staphylococcus (Micrococcus pyogenes) in infants and children.1 2 3 4 5 Coincident with this has been a striking increase in the prevalence of other infections due to this micro-organism.6 7 8 9 10 11 Studies by various workers have established the fact that these infections sometimes develop in the hospital environment, being transmitted by patients or by healthy carriers.1 , 6 7 8 9 10 11 In the present study we have analyzed the data on 21 adults with staphylococcal pneumonia in hopes of throwing some light on this relatively rare condition and thus of aiding in its recognition . . .
Left atrial compression by a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst presenting with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Authors: A Volpi, A Cavalli, A P Maggioni, F Pieri-Nerli
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts develop from abnormal budding of the primitive tracheobronchial tree.They are usually located in the mediastinum at the level of the tracheal bifurcation.In adults they are frequently asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally on the chest radiograph.As they enlarge they may cause symptoms referable to tracheal, bronchial, or oesophageal compression.'Extrinsic compres- sion of the heart or great vessels appears to be a very rare occurrence.' 3 Case report A 36 year old man was admitted to the cardiac department because of the sudden onset of palpitation and dizziness.His previous clinical history was unremarkable.On admission the electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response of 170 beats/min and a pattern of incomplete right bundle branch block.The patient was
Monitoring and Evaluating the Use of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ross Koppel
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cellular localization and up-regulation of multidrug resistance–associated protein 3 in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes during obstructive cholestasis in rat liver
Authors: Carol J. Soroka, John M. Lee, Francesco Azzaroli, James L. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The hepatic expression of the ATP–dependent conjugate export pump multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) is diminished in experimentally induced models of cholestasis. In this study we have examined the localization and expression of Mrp3, another member of the multidrug resistance-associated protein family, in normal liver and after obstructive cholestasis in the rat. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were used to determine the tissue localization and Western blot analysis was performed to quantitate the expression. In normal rat liver Mrp3 was found on the basolateral membrane of cholangiocytes and a single layer of hepatocytes surrounding the central vein. Three and 7 days after bile duct ligation Mrp3 expression was significantly increased, predominantly in hepatocytes in the pericentral region. By 14 days all hepatocytes showed basolateral membrane labeling for Mrp3 at a time when apical Mrp2 staining was significantly diminished. Proliferating bile ducts continued to stain positive, although the intensity of staining did not seem to vary. After 14 days Western blot quantitation showed that Mrp3 had increased approximately 30–fold in total liver membranes. Quantitation of Mrp3 in membranes from isolated hepatocytes of livers of sham and common bile duct-ligated (CBDL) animals showed a significant up–regulation beginning at 1 day and continuing to increase through 14 days postligation. This was in contrast to the progressive decrease in Mrp2 protein. Because Mrp3 is capable of transporting toxic bile acids, up–regulation of Mrp3 may compensate for the down–regulation of Mrp2 in obstructive cholestasis.
In a House of Dreams and Glass: Becoming a Psychiatrist
Authors: Miggie Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In my first year of medical school, the only required course was what we disparagingly called "touchy-feely" group. Two preceptors and eight students would meet weekly to discuss the nonacademic aspects of becoming a physician. "Of course, there is a relationship between all doctors and the patients they treat, but for patients in psychotherapy, the relationship is the treatment." Discussions ranged from how it feels to wear a white coat to how to interview hostile or reluctant patients. One of my most vivid recollections from this group is of a preceptor defining becoming a professional as something to the effect of "learning to do naturally what doesn't come naturally." Dr Klitzman does an excellent job in describing this process in psychiatry. He starts by throwing the reader into a night on call and proceeds to the universal experiences of medical training, such as chronic fatigue and being forced to make
The Acid-Consuming Capacity of Magnesium Trisilicate
Authors: Warren E. Weaver
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  In the January 21 issue ofThe Journal, page 267, an unfortunate error of a consultant has been compounded by repetition of his previous remarks in connection with the neutralizing capacity of magnesium trisilicate.  Dr. Silverman was perfectly correct in calling attention to the error often cited that 1 gm. of magnesium trisilicate (U.S.P.) will neutralize about 155 ml. of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. This is incorrect and has been perpetuated in the references cited by the consultant and in many other works on the subject. Simple reference to the U.S.P.will show that these figures are based on anhydrous magnesium trisilicate and not the official preparation which may contain up to 34% water.  In the interest of accuracy, I suggest that you have Dr. Lloyd Miller, Director of Revision of the U.S.P., or a consultant of his choice in the chemical or drug field, arbitrate this matter.
Proposal for Reclassification of the TNM Staging System in Patients with Locally Advanced (pT3–4) Renal Cell Carcinoma According to the Cancer-Related Outcome
Authors: Vincenzo Ficarra, Giacomo Novara, Massimo Iafrate, Livio Cappellaro, Emiliano Bratti, Filiberto Zattoni, Walter Artibani
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Systematic Characterization of Cell Cycle Phase-Dependent Protein Dynamics and Pathway Activities by High-Content Microscopy-Assisted Cell Cycle Phenotyping
Authors: Christopher Bruhn, Torsten Kroll, Zhao-Qi Wang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract Cell cycle progression is coordinated with metabolism, signaling and other complex cellular functions. The investigation of cellular processes in a cell cycle stage-dependent manner is often the subject of modern molecular and cell biological research. Cell cycle synchronization and immunostaining of cell cycle markers facilitate such analysis, but are limited in use due to unphysiological experimental stress, cell type dependence and often low flexibility. Here, we describe high-content microscopy-assisted cell cycle phenotyping (hiMAC), which integrates high-resolution cell cycle profiling of asynchronous cell populations with immunofluorescence microscopy. hiMAC is compatible with cell types from any species and allows for statistically powerful, unbiased, simultaneous analysis of protein interactions, modifications and subcellular localization at all cell cycle stages within a single sample. For illustration, we provide a hiMAC analysis pipeline tailored to study DNA damage response and genomic instability using a 3–4-day protocol, which can be adjusted to any other cell cycle stage-dependent analysis.
Diabetic Staff Simulation of Insulin-dependent Diabetic Life
Authors: T A Welborn, Nina Duncan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Diabetic staff members, including doctors, nurses, and paramedical personnel, participated in a 1-wk experiment in which the life-style of a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes was stimulated. The respondents underwent reaching in (1) urine testing and recording results, (2) twice daily "insulin" regimen, and (3) diet involving regularly spaced carbohydrate in meals and snacks. Evaluation was conducted at several levels. The nurse educator assessed the pseudo-patients' performance. Staff members evaluated the teaching. Most important, the staff came to appreciate unforseen minutiae and pitfalls in the practical aspects of daily living as ordinarily prescribed by medical attendants. The simulation experiment is recommended for all staff involved in diabetic education.
Rhabdomyosarcoma Associated Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in a Child
Authors: Maria C. Garganese, Luigi De Sio, Annalisa Serra, Maria A. De Ioris, Caterina Bock, Alberto Donfrancesco, Gianclaudio Ciofetta
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is characterized by digital clubbing, long bone periosteal reaction, and polyarthralgias. Primary familial HOA is very rare and is not associated with underlying disorders and has a good prognosis. Secondary pediatric nonneoplastic HOA is associated with cystic fibrosis, congenital heart disease, biliary atresia, and inflammatory bowel disease. Secondary neoplastic HOA may be associated with intra or extrathoracic tumors.A 5-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital for an abdominal mass, digital clubbing, and diffuse articular pain. The bone scan revealed symmetrical tracer uptake in the long bones. Upper and lower extremity x-rays were diagnostic for HOA. Paraneoplastic HOA in childhood accounts for not more than 12% of HOA paitents. HOA has been reported in 2 other cases of rhabdomyosarcoma.
The epidermal growth factor receptor ligand amphiregulin participates in the development of mouse liver fibrosis
Authors: Maria J. Perugorria, M. Ujue Latasa, Alexandra Nicou, Hugo Cartagena‐Lirola, Josefa Castillo, Saioa Goñi, Umberto Vespasiani‐Gentilucci, Maria G. Zagami, Sophie Lotersztajn, Jesús Prieto, Carmen Berasain, Matias A. Avila
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The hepatic wound-healing response to chronic noxious stimuli may lead to liver fibrosis, a condition characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Fibrogenic cells, including hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts, are activated in response to a variety of cytokines, growth factors, and inflammatory mediators. The involvement of members of the epidermal growth factor family in this process has been suggested. Amphiregulin (AR) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand specifically induced upon liver injury. Here, we have addressed the in vivo role of AR in experimental liver fibrosis. To this end, liver fibrosis was induced in AR+/+ and AR-/- mice by chronic CCl(4) administration. Histological and molecular markers of hepatic fibrogenesis were measured. Additionally, the response of cultured human and mouse liver fibrogenic cells to AR was evaluated. We observed that AR was expressed in isolated Kupffer cells and liver fibrogenic cells in response to inflamatory stimuli and platelet-derived growth factor, respectively. We demonstrate that the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen deposition were markedly reduced in AR-/- mice compared to AR+/+ animals. AR-/- mice also showed reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and connective tissue growth factor, two genes that responded to AR treatment in cultured fibrogenic cells. AR also stimulated cell proliferation and exerted a potent antiapoptotic effect on isolated fibrogenic cells.These results indicate that among the different EGFR ligands, AR plays a specific role in liver fibrosis. AR may contribute to the expression of fibrogenic mediators, as well as to the growth and survival of fibrogenic cells. Additionally, our data lend further support to the role of the EGFR system in hepatic fibrogenesis.
PTU-116 Inter-relationships Between Parameters Of Iron Overload And Their Association With Liver Fibrosis Severity In Haemochromatosis
Authors: LL Wong, E McFarlane, M Karajeh, D Gleeson
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the current era of routine HFE genotyping for suspected haemochromatosis, venesection is performed in C282Y homozygous patients with milder iron overload than was previously the case. It is thus useful to re-evaluate inter relationships between parameters of iron overload and their association with severity of liver fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate these relationships in C282Y homozygous patients undergoing venesection for iron overload. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective analysis of departmental haemochromatosis database. We included 114 C282Y homozygous patients (76 men, age [median (range) 54(24–78)) years, who had elevated serum ferritin and had undergone venesection therapy. Data analyses included Pearson regression, Mann-Whitney testing and Cox multiple regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> At presentation, serum ferritin was 1018 (111–8179 mg/L and serum% iron saturation was 79% (29 – 99%). 73 patients had available liver histology, which showed Pearl grade 4 (0–4) siderosis (the 1 patient with grade 0 siderosis had serum ferritin of 6035 and required removal of 34 units of blood). Ishak fibrosis score was 1(0–6). 15 patients had cirrhosis. Patients underwent venesection of 14 (3–100) units of blood at 1–2 week intervals until serum ferritin fell to the lower end of the normal range. The number of units of blood removed to achieve this correlated significantly with baseline serum ferritin (Pearson r = 0.62 p &lt; 0.001), serum iron saturation (r = 0.36 p &lt; 0.001), liver siderosis grade (r = 0.39 p &lt; 0.001) and (in 16 cases where measured) liver iron concentration (r = 0.91 p &lt; 0.03). These iron storage parameters showed no correlation with age of presentation but were all higher (except siderosis grade) in men than in women (p &lt; 0.01–0.001). Ishak fibrosis score correlated positively with number of units venesected (r = 0.64; p &lt; 0.001), liver iron content (r = 0.75 p &lt; 0.01), baseline serum ferritin (r = 0.68 p &lt; 0.001) and iron saturation (r = 0.34 p &lt; 0.01) but was not significantly associated with age, gender, known alcohol excess (n = 25) or steatosis on liver biopsy (n = 24). Patients with cirrhosis had higher baseline serum ferritin (2523 (680–6908) vs 1018 (111–8179) mg/L p &lt; 0.001) and had more units venesected (42 (18–100) vs (14 (3–69) p &lt; 0.001) than those without. In Cox multiple regression analysis, liver fibrosis stage was independently associated with baseline serum ferritin and number of units venesected (both p &lt; 0.001) but was not associated with age, gender, known alcohol excess or steatosis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In C282Y homozygous patients, severity of overload, assessed by baseline serum ferritin and number of units venesected, is the main determinant of liver fibrosis severity, which is not associated with age, gender, presence of liver steatosis or known alcohol excess. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide‐guided management in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: findings from the Trial of Intensified versus standard Medical therapy in Elderly patients with Congestive Heart Failure (TIME‐CHF)
Authors: Micha T. Maeder, Peter Rickenbacher, Hans Rickli, Heidi Abbühl, Marc Gutmann, Paul Erne, André Vuilliomenet, Martin Peter, Matthias Pfisterer, Hans‐Peter Brunner‐La Rocca
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Research, Development, Production, and Safety of Biosynthetic Human Insulin
Authors: Ronald E Chance, Bruce H Frank
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

This paper provides some historical aspects on the research and development of Humulin® (rDNA origin), the first human health-care product derived from rDNA technology more than a decade ago. Also referred to as biosynthetic human insulin, Humulin® is currently produced via the human proinsulin route, using an Escherichia coli fermentation process. The authenticity, high purity, and safety of BHI has been investigated and verified by a complex battery of analytical and physicochemical methods. The daily treatment of more than two million diabetic patients worldwide with this rDNA human insulin not only demonstrates the value of rDNA technology in providing an important medical product, it is assurance that diabetic patients will have unlimited supplies of this vital hormone as well as potential analogue refinements.
Aspirin increases CD36, SR-BI, and ABCA1 expression in human THP-1 macrophages
Authors: M VINALS, I BERMUDEZ, G LLAVERIAS, M ALEGRET, R SANCHEZ, M VAZQUEZCARRERA, J LAGUNA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

CD36 is a receptor, whose expression increases during the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages, playing a key role in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and in the formation of foam cells during atherosclerosis. Recently, it has been described that ligands of PPARgamma induce CD36 expression and inhibit cyclooxygenase expression in macrophages. Our aim was to study whether the reduction of endogenous prostaglandin production could modify CD36 expression in macrophages and to outline the potential mechanism.CD36 expression was measured by flow cytometry in THP-1 cells differentiated to macrophages that had been incubated with aspirin (ASA) alone or in combination with PGE(2), sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist), butaprost (EP2 agonist,) and PGE1 alcohol (EP2/EP4 agonist). Aspirin induced CD36 expression. Only PGE(2) and PGE1 alcohol completely abolished CD36 induction by aspirin, whereas butaprost strongly reduced it. BADGE (a PPARgamma antagonist) or diclofenac (a PPARgamma antagonist and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) in aspirin-incubated cells did not reduce CD36 induction. On the other hand, aspirin also induced the expression of SR-BI and ABCA1, an HDL receptor and an HDL formation-related protein, respectively.Aspirin produces an increase of CD36 expression in THP-1 macrophages by a PGE(2)-dependent mechanism. The PGE(2) receptors implicated in CD36 modulation by ASA are the EP2/EP4 subtypes. Further, we provide evidence of SR-BI and ABCA1 induction by aspirin treatment.
Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on lung function in mid-childhood: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial in Nepal
Authors: Delan Devakumar, Janet Stocks, Jon G. Ayres, Jane Kirkby, Sushil K. Yadav, Naomi M. Saville, Graham Devereux, Jonathan C.K. Wells, Dharma S. Manandhar, Anthony Costello, David Osrin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

A randomised trial of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation in Nepalese women increased birthweight and weight at 2 years of age in offspring, compared to those born to mothers who only received iron and folic acid supplements. Further follow-up of this cohort provided an opportunity to investigate the effect of antenatal multiple micronutrients on subsequent lung function by measuring spirometry at 7–9 years of age in c hildren born during the trial. 841 children (80% of the cohort) were seen at mean± sd 8.5±0.4 years. Technically successful spirometry results were obtained in 793 (94.3%) children, 50% of whom had been randomised to micronutrient supplementation. Background characteristics, including anthropometry, were similar in the two allocation groups. Lung function was also similar, mean (95% CI) difference in z-scores (supplementation minus control) was −0.08 (−0.19–0.04), −0.05 (−0.17–0.06) and −0.04 (−0.15–0.07) for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), forced vital capacity and FEV 1 /FVC, respectively. Compared with healthy white children, FEV 1 and FVC in the “healthy” Nepalese children were ∼1 (∼13%) z-score lower, with no difference in FEV 1 /FVC. We conclude that, compared with routine iron and folic acid, multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy has no effect on spirometric lung function in Nepalese children at 8.5 years of age.