tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optimal polymerase chain reaction amplification for preimplantation diagnosis in cystic fibrosis ((Delta)F508)
Authors: K.-H. Cui, E. A Haan, L.-J. Wang, C. D Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate direct polymerase chain reaction amplification of mutation on single embryo cells for the routine preimplantation diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. <b>&gt;Design</b>: Direct polymerase chain reaction amplification of mutation was performed to identify the cystic fibrosis F508 mutation in human blood DNA, single lymphocytes, embryos, and embryo cells obtained by biopsy. Preimplantation diagnosis was performed for a couple who were heterozygous carriers of the F508 mutation. <b>Setting</b>: Laboratory for preimplantation diagnosis in a reproductive medicine unit. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Correct diagnosis of homozygous normal, heterozygous, and homozygous abnormal DNA of the cystic fibrosis F508 mutation. <b>Results</b>: 45 blood samples (18 homozygous normal, 17 heterozygous, and 10 homozygous abnormal) and 204 single lymphocytes from known sources showed 100% amplification and were diagnosed correctly. 17 human embryos and 52 normal nucleated embryo cells obtained by single cell embryo biopsy also showed 100% amplification. After a miscarriage of the initial pregnancy (diagnosed at preimplantation to be homozygous normal) in the heterozygous carrier couple, fetal tissue was confirmed to be homozygous normal. <b>Conclusion</b>: Direct polymerase chain reaction amplification of mutation is a simple, fast, reliable test for the common cystic fibrosis mutation in blood DNA and single cells and should be applicable to routine programmes of general screening, maternal blood examination, and preimplantation diagnosis.
Aspirin effect on early and late changes in acute lung injury in sheep
Authors: G. L. Chelucci, S. Boncinelli, M. Marsili, P. Lorenzi, A. Allegra, M. Linden, A. Chelucci, V. Merciai, F. Cresci, C. Rostagno, G. F. Gensini, A. Lockhart, J. Milic-Emili
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1993)
Residents' Work Schedules
Authors: Louis Gleckel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  The recent editorial No Turning Back: A Blueprint for Residency Reform by Dr McCall 1 is alarming in its encouragement of a hasty approach toward changing medical residency programs. In addition to the serious questions raised about instituting untested guidelines, this approach also is disturbing for its lack of emphasis on the importance of retaining the basic tenets of training that have helped develop the quality of care present in this country today. While the present system has had problems coping with the increasing numbers of admissions and the more acutely ill nature of populations, we are still training fine physicians in programs based on the teachings of dedicated academicians and the examples of clinical mentors. There has been much debate as to how this traditional system needs to be changed to diminish house-staff stress and help physicians meet the demands of a more-educated medical consumer, but
Association of Candesartan vs Losartan With All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Maria Eklind-Cervenka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce combined mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Different agents have different affinity for the AT(1) receptor and may have different clinical effects, but have not been tested against each other in HF.To assess the association of candesartan vs losartan with all-cause mortality in patients with HF.An HF registry (the Swedish Heart Failure Registry) of 30,254 unique patients registered from 62 hospitals and 60 outpatient clinics between 2000 and 2009. A total of 5139 patients (mean [SD] age, 74 [11] years; 39% women) were treated with candesartan (n = 2639) or losartan (n = 2500). Survival as of December 14, 2009, by ARB agent was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and predictors of survival determined by univariate and multivariate proportional hazard regression models, with and without adjustment for propensity scores and interactions. Stratified analyses and quantification of residual confounding were also performed.All-cause mortality at 1 and 5 years.One-year survival was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89%-91%) for patients receiving candesartan and 83% (95% CI, 81%-84%) for patients receiving losartan, and 5-year survival was 61% (95% CI, 54%-68%) and 44% (95% CI, 41%-48%), respectively (log-rank P < .001). In multivariate analysis with adjustment for propensity scores, the hazard ratio for mortality for losartan compared with candesartan was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.23-1.65; P < .001). The results persisted in stratified analyses.In this registry of patients with HF, the use of candesartan compared with losartan was associated with a lower mortality risk.
The Nutritional Myocardial Clearance of Rubidium-84 in Man as Determined by External Coincidence Scanning.
Authors: A. Bennish
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The Nutritional Myocardial Clearance of Rubidium-84 in Man as Determined by External Coincidence Scanning.A. Bennish, M.D., R. J. Bing, M.D., F.A.C.P., V. E. Wendt, M.D., G. Bluemchen, M.D.A. Bennish, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. J. Bing, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, V. E. Wendt, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. Bluemchen, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-711_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA quantitative method of externally evaluating nutritional myocardial capillary supply has long been sought. An idealized testing procedure should monitor capillary blood supply as well as transcapillary exchange without disrupting the normal physiologic status. Such a determination can now be accomplished by using a double coincidence external chest scanning technique. The intravenous administration of not more than 50 μc of rubidium-84 in 30 cc of saline over a 30-minute period provides the necessary source of positron emitting isotope. The capillary, transcapillary, and transcellular migration of the isotope may be documented by external precordial coincidence counting. Thus, the myocardial blood flow... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Detroit, Mich. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMeasurement of relative coronary blood flow by precordial monitoringIsotope clearance and myocardial blood flow 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 711-711KeywordsBlood flowCapillariesHematologic testsNutritionThorax Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Reply to H. Charalambous et al
Authors: Brenda Breuer, Ricardo A. Cruciani, Russell K. Portenoy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

We agree with Charalambous and Silbermann that action needs to be taken to improve the skills of oncologists to manage chronic cancer pain. Their suggestion for clinical training programs at first seems logical; they cite findings that classroom training did not improve residents’ knowledge, a finding consistent with ours, that is, that continuing medical education in cancer pain management seemed to be ineffective. They also cite a study showing that clinically based training in palliative care is effective. In that study, however, there was only a 10% improvement, with statistically significant improvement in only six of 25 questions. In addition, the program was optional, which might suggest that those who took it were more motivated than most, making the generalizability of these findings questionable. Thus, although we agree that change is critically needed, the way to accomplish that change remains elusive. We continue to study this issue and hope that a more complete characterization of this problem will inform the development of more effective programs to support best practices in pain management and palliative care for the broad oncology community. Brenda Breuer, Ricardo A. Cruciani, and Russell K. Portenoy Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
Low physical fitness in childhood is associated with the development of asthma in young adulthood: the Odense schoolchild study
Authors: F. Rasmussen, J. Lambrechtsen, H.C. Siersted, H.S. Hansen, N.C.G. Hansen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Intense physical activity in children may either improve fitness and protect against asthma, or may trigger symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether physical fitness in childhood has an impact on the development of asthma. In this prospective, community-based study, 757 (84%) asymptomatic children with an average age at inclusion of 9.7 yrs were followed for 10.5 yrs. In both surveys a maximal progressive exercise test on a bicycle ergometer was used to measure physical fitness (maximal workload) and to induce airway narrowing. A methacholine provocation test was performed in the subjects at follow-up. During the 10-yr study period, 51 (6.7%) of the previously asymptomatic children developed asthma. These subjects had a lower mean physical fitness in 1985 than their peers: (3.63 versus 3.89 W x kg(-1); p=0.02) in boys and (3.17 versus 3.33 W x kg(-1); p=0.02) in girls. A weak correlation was found between physical fitness in childhood and airway responsiveness to methacholine at follow-up when adjusted for body mass index, age and sex (r=0.11; p&lt;0.01). In a multiple regression analysis, physical fitness was inversely related to the development of physician diagnosed asthma, odds ratio=0.93 (0.87-0.99). Thus, the risk for the development of asthma during adolescence is reduced 7% by increasing the maximal workload 1 W x kg(-1). In conclusion, this study showed that physical fitness in childhood is weakly correlated with the development of asthma during adolescence and that high physical fitness seems to be associated with a reduced risk for the development of asthma.
Staging of Mental Disorders: Systematic Review
Authors: Fiammetta Cosci, Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

Background: The staging method, whereby a disorder is characterized according to its seriousness, extension, development and features, is attracting increasing attention in clinical psychology and psychiatry. The aim of this systematic review was to critically summarize the tools that are available for reproducing and standardizing the clinical intuitions that are involved in a staging formulation. Methods: A comprehensive research was conducted on the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from inception to May 2012. The following search terms were used: ‘stage/staging’ AND ‘psychiatric disorder/mental disorder/schizophrenia/mood disorder/anxiety disorder/substance use disorder/eating disorder’. Results: A total of 78 studies were identified for inclusion in the review. We discussed studies addressing or related to the issue of staging in a number of mental disorders (schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, substance use disorders, anorexia and bulimia nervosa). The literature indicates that disorders have a longitudinal development or a treatment history that can be categorized according to stages. We proposed staging formulations for the above-mentioned psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Staging models offer innovative assessment tools for clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. Characterizing each stage of an illness demarcates major prognostic and therapeutic differences among patients who otherwise seem to be deceptively similar since they share the same psychiatric diagnosis. A stage 0 to denote an at-risk condition does not appear to be warranted at the current state of research.
LOXL1 Deficiency in the Lamina Cribrosa as Candidate Susceptibility Factor for a Pseudoexfoliation-Specific Risk of Glaucoma
Authors: Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Christian M. Hammer, Anita W. Krysta, Carmen Hofmann-Rummelt, Francesca Pasutto, Takako Sasaki, Friedrich E. Kruse, Matthias Zenkel
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Repeated thrombolytic therapy after initial unsuccessful thrombolysis in massive pulmonary embolism
Authors: R J M van den Biggelaar, D-J Slebos, J van der Meer
Journal: Thorax (2007)

In patients with massive pulmonary embolism threatened by haemodynamic instability, thrombolytic treatment is recommended.1 But when it fails, therapeutic options remain limited and are mainly guided by local expertise. In the current case, we report a potential treatment modality for this situation.

A 60-year-old male patient collapsed several times at home. He had a history of a curative left upper lobe lung resection 2 months previously because of a squamous cell lung carcinoma. On admission he suffered from severe dyspnoea. Physical examination showed an elevated central venous pressure and a systolic fixed splitting of the valve sounds. His systolic blood pressure was just below 80 mm Hg, with a pulse of 122 bpm. Thoracic CT angiography (angio-CT) confirmed suspected massive pulmonary embolism (fig …
Potentiation of anticancer effects of microencapsulated carboplatin by hydroxypropyl α-cyclodextrin
Authors: Tadanobu Utsuki, Henry Brem, Josef Pitha, Thorsteinn Loftsson, Thordis Kristmundsdottir, Betty M. Tyler, Alessandro Olivi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1996)

Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that can change physicochemical properties of drugs by forming inclusion complexes with them. These changes may enhance the therapeutic potential of drugs by diminishing their decomposition before they enter tissues and by altering how they enter tissue. Carboplatin is an anticancer drug that is active against brain tumors and has recently been tested as a potential agent for interstitial chemotherapy. To test whether complex formulation with cyclodextrins would improve interstitial treatment with carboplatin, we studied the efficacy of carboplatin-cyclodextrin complexes, free and encapsulated, in an experimental rat glioma model. Carboplatin hydroxypropyl α-cyclodextrin complexes were incorporated into ethylcellulose microcapsules at a 2.2% w/w loading. We found that carboplatin was released from these microcapsules in a sustained manner for at least 110 days in vitro, that the rate was faster than that of encapsulated carboplatin alone, and that hydroxypropyl α-cyclodextrin protected the carboplatin from degradation. Further, the complex was more effective than carboplatin alone when tested on monolayers of F98 glioma cells. For testing the efficacy of the carboplatin-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin complex in the rat glioma model, 56 Fischer rats were injected in the left hemisphere with F98 glioma cells. Five days later the rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Median survival of the first control group receiving no treatment was 20 days. The second group receiving an intratumoral injection of carboplatin had a median survival of 1 day, indicating severe cytotoxicity. The third group receiving systemic carboplatin had a median survival of 34 days. Median survival of the fourth group which received empty microcapsules was 24 days. The fifth group, treated with microcapsules loaded with hydroxypropyl α-cyclodextrin alone, showed a median survival of 20 days. The sixth group, treated with microcapsules loaded with carboplatin alone, showed a median survival of 34 days. The seventh group, treated with microcapsules loaded with carboplatin-hydroxypropyl α-cyclodextrin complex, showed a median survival of 51 days. This experiment demonstrated that the microencapsulated carboplatin-hydroxypropyl α-cyclodextrin complex is more effective than the nonencapsulated carboplatin. This study also shows that interstitial delivery of carboplatin-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin complexes from a microencapsulated formulation is effective against experimental brain tumors.
CT triple rule-out examination: higher radiation dose without clinical benefit
Authors: D. P. Ripley, A. Uddin, J. P. Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We welcome the Too Much Medicine series and Wiener and colleagues’ article on the overdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism by computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography.1

The argument ought to be extended to the “triple rule-out” CT examination, intended to rule out acute aortic syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and acute coronary syndrome in a …
Preventing PID: Try Monogamy-Reply
Authors: Willard Cates
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —As the text of our article states, we agree with Dr June. We emphasize, "A woman who has sex with only one individual will not contract an STD [sexually transmitted disease] that places her at risk for PID, provided her partner is also monogamous." We thank her for highlighting this important point.
Biliary Excretion of Antibiotics
Authors: Leslie J. Schoenfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The excretion of antibiotics in bile has been studied during the past 25 years as a basis for suggesting the usefulness of antibiotics in the treatment of biliary-tract infection. Examination of this premise evokes reflections on the pathogenesis of cholecystitis and cholangitis, on the microbiology of the biliary system and on the applicability of antibiotic excretion studies in the normal biliary tract to those in the infected abnormal state.The pathogenesis of cholecystitis is not completely understood. Convincing evidence is lacking to implicate bacteria in bile or in the gallbladder wall as responsible for the initiation of cholecystitis or as . . .
Association of metabolic syndrome and renal insufficiency with clinical outcome in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Chang Seong Kim, Joon Seok Choi, Eun Hui Bae, Seong Kwon Ma, Young-Keun Ahn, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Jo Kim, Myeong Chan Cho, Chong Jin Kim, Soo Wan Kim
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Fever, thoracic pain, skin lesions and Hampton hump
Authors: Germana Rocha Torres, Joana Acar, Ana Carolina Brito, Nelson Pimentel, Nadja Polisseni, Cláudia Henrique da Costa, Rogério Rufino
Journal: Thorax (2014)

A 56-year-old white woman who had previously been healthy had been admitted to hospital 6 months previously for 2 months due to fever for 1 week associated with an onset of pain in her left hemithorax. She was initially treated for community-acquired pneumonia with a respiratory quinolone and continued to experience pain, which was worse during expiration. She lost 8 kg over the period of her admittance and developed plaque and papules. A chest X-ray showed opacity with fairly precise limits in the lower third of the left hemithorax similar to a Hampton hump, which consists of a shallow wedge-shaped opacity in the periphery of the lung with its base against the pleural surface, associated with diaphragmatic clamping (figure 1A–C).



Figure 1 
(A) Chest X-ray showing opacity in in the lower third of the left hemithorax and diaphragmatic clamping. (B) Chest CT scan showing opacity with soft tissue density. In the lingula, a heterogeneous broad-based deployment in the adjacent pleural surface measuring 3.6×3.1 cm showed a hypodense area in the centre, which may correspond …
GMC decision on Egyptian doctor overturned by High Court
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A doctor who was struck off the medical register by the General Medical Council for using forged prescriptions to obtain morphine and other drugs had the penalty quashed and a 12 month suspension substituted by the High Court in London last week.

Sammy Abrahaem, who qualified in Egypt but had practised in the United Kingdom for more than eight years, admitted taking blank prescription forms while working as a locum specialist registrar at Bedford Hospital and as a locum consultant physician at Medway Maritime Hospital in Gillingham, Kent. He …
Decreased serum <scp>LL</scp>‐37 and vitamin <scp>D</scp>3 levels in atopic dermatitis: relationship between <scp>IL</scp>‐31 and oncostatin <scp>M</scp>
Authors: N. Kanda, C. S. Hau, Y. Tada, S. Sato, S. Watanabe
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Skin lesions with atopic dermatitis ( AD ) are associated with dysregulated expression of LL ‐37 and enhanced expression of IL ‐22, thymic stromal lymphopoietin ( TSLP ), IL ‐25, IL ‐31, and oncostatin M. Vitamin D3 enhances LL ‐37 production in keratinocytes. This study aimed to examine the serum levels of LL ‐37 and vitamin D 3 and their regulation of cytokine production in patients with AD . Methods Serum levels of LL ‐37 and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 3 were analyzed by ELISA . The effects of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D 3 or LL ‐37 on cytokine production in T cells or keratinocytes were analyzed by ELISA and real‐time PCR . Results Serum levels of LL ‐37 and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 3 were decreased in patients with AD compared to normal donors and were correlated in both groups. Serum levels of LL ‐37 correlated with those of oncostatin M and IL ‐31 in normal donors and patients with AD , while 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels did so only in normal donors. 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D 3 increased LL ‐37 production in human keratinocytes and neutrophils. 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and LL ‐37 enhanced the oncostatin M and IL ‐31 production in CD 3/28‐stimulated T cells, but did not alter IL ‐25 and TSLP production in TNF ‐α‐stimulated keratinocytes. In CD 3/28‐stimulated T cells, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D 3 reduced the IL ‐22 production, while LL ‐37 enhanced it. These effects of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and LL ‐37 were suppressed by vitamin D receptor antagonist and pertussis toxin, respectively. Conclusions Systemic vitamin D 3 levels are reduced in patients with AD , which may contribute to decreased systemic LL ‐37 levels. LL ‐37 may systemically potentiate the oncostatin M and IL ‐31 production in normal donors and patients with AD , while vitamin D 3 may do so only in normal donors.
CD8α+ dendritic cells dictate immune responses against murine AML
Authors: Douglas E Kline, Dominick Fosco, Xiufen Chen, Justin Kline
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Spontaneous T cell responses generated against a variety of solid malignancies are often subverted by immune evasion mechanisms active in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, the mechanisms that regulate T cell activation versus tolerance to hematopoietic malignancies, such as
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use, Depression, and Long-Term Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nina Rieckmann, Ian M. Kronish, Peter A. Shapiro, William Whang, Karina W. Davidson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

To the editor:

In coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, depression is highly prevalent (1). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are recommended as first-line antidepressant treatments for this population (2,3). While there is a long-standing notion that SSRIs may improve cardiac prognosis by inhibiting platelet aggregation, SSRI use may also worsen prognosis by increasing bleeding (4), or arrhythmia risk (5).

Only a few small randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with a total of 801 patients have assessed the efficacy of SSRIs in patients with a cardiac condition (6,7). Although no evidence for harm was detected in two meta-analyses, the follow-up periods for adverse cardiac events in these RCTs did not extend beyond six months, and patient samples were highly selected (i.e. only patients not already receiving antidepressant therapy in usual care were included, and patients with comorbid conditions were excluded).

Accordingly, we evaluated, in an observational cohort of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the association of SSRI and non-SSRI second-generation antidepressant use with the occurrence of cardiac events and mortality across a period of 42 months.