tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bile acid synthesis in man. In vivo activity of the 25-hydroxylation pathway.
Authors: W C Duane, P A Pooler, J N Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

During biosynthesis of bile acid, carbons 25-26-27 are removed from the cholesterol side-chain. Side-chain oxidation begins either with hydroxylation at the 26-position, in which case the three-carbon fragment is released as propionic acid, or with hydroxylation at the 25-position, in which case the three-carbon fragment is released as acetone. We have previously shown in the rat that the contribution of the 25-hydroxylation pathway can be quantitated in vivo by measuring production of [14C]acetone from [14C]26-cholesterol. In the present study, we adapted this method to human subjects. 4 d after oral administration of 100 microCi of [14C]26-cholesterol and 1 d after beginning a constant infusion of 16.6 mumol/min unlabeled acetone, three men and two women underwent breath collections. Expired acetone was trapped and purified as the 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative. 14CO2 was trapped quantitatively using phenethylamine. Specific activity of breath acetone was multiplied by the acetone infusion rate to calculate production of [14C]acetone. [14C]Acetone production averaged 4.9% of total release of 14C from [14C]26-cholesterol, estimated by 14CO2 output. The method was validated by showing that [14C]acetone production from [14C]isopropanol averaged 86.9% of the [14C]-isopropanol infusion rate. We conclude that in man, as in the rat, the 25-hydroxylation pathway accounts for less than 5% of bile acid synthesis.
Intracerebral hematoma following intrathecal administration of methotrexate in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Alexandra Alexopoulou, Spyros P. D ourakis, Kleoniki K. Georgousi, Athanasios J. Archimandritis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

of thalassemics due to the development of better chelating drugs will surely make HCC a major problem for thalassemics in future.Nowadays the outcome of HCC can be improved by various treatments, and when HCC develops in absence of cirrhosis, liver surgery can be curative [1,2].However, early detection of HCC is mandatory.Our experience suggests that US screening should be performed strictly in thalassemia syndromes, particularly when there is either HCV or HBV infection or sustained iron overload.
Digital Book System
Authors: Peter G. Ruehlman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

As the information explosion of the 1990s rolls on, compactness and portability have become important in designing systems for storing and accessing data. The Franklin<i>Digital Book System</i>represents a technological marvel, which allows entire books to be stored on a matchbox-sized cartridge (2.25×1.25×0.25 in) and played or viewed on an index-card-sized computer (5×3.25×0.5 in). The unit weighs only 4.6 oz and runs on four CR2032 batteries. Up to 45 megabytes of information, or the equivalent of 10 printed bibles, can be stored on each cartridge. Because of its ability to compress information, the<i>Digital Book System</i>player can hold two such cartridges at the same time, allowing easy access to either book without physically changing the cartridge. In addition to its compact structure, which literally lets one carry the computer in one's shirt or jacket pocket, the system is designed to allow instant searching, indexing, cross-referencing, and many other
Whose Death Is It, Anyway
Authors: Paul J. Lena
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 April 1997Whose Death Is It, AnywayPaul J. Lena, MDPaul J. Lena, MDConcord, NH 03301Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the essay by Hansot [1]. The author's mother was placed on mechanical ventilation after a stroke, even though she had a properly executed living will and her daughter had a power of attorney for health care and general power of attorney. An incident involving two of my good friends further illustrates the problem that hospitals and their intensive care staff face with regard to terminally ill patients on ventilators.An 84-year-old retired family practitioner and anesthesiologist had chronic arthritis for which he was receiving self-regulated steroids. He was a lifelong smoker and had ...REFERENCE1. Hansot E. A letter from a patient's daughter. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:149-51. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul J. Lena, MDAffiliations: Concord, NH 03301 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 7Page: 584-585KeywordsAmbulancesImmune systemIntensive care unitsLiving willsNursesPneumoniaPulmonary diseasesSteroidsStrokeVentilators ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Unprepared Drug Rep
Authors: Thomas S. Metkus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Ad Libitum4 December 2007The Unprepared Drug RepThomas S. Metkus Jr, MDThomas S. Metkus Jr, MDFrom Brookline, MA 02445.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Imagine my shockwhen the rep asked to borrowmy pen. Ironic.Thomas S. Metkus Jr., MDBrookline, MA 02445 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Brookline, MA 02445.Current Author Address: Thomas S. Metkus Jr., MD, 44 Washington Street, Unit 217, Brookline, MA 02445. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 December 2007Volume 147, Issue 11Page: 818KeywordsDrugs ePublished: 4 December 2007 Issue Published: 4 December 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
535 Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis: the role of functional spleen volume, serum thrombopoietin levelsand anti-platelets antibodies
Authors: E ZUCKERMAN, G BOUSKILA, T ZUCKERMAN, L BONSTEIN, N LANIR, A TOUBI, E TOUBI, D YESHURUN, D GROSHAR
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Kaposi's Sarcoma in the Negro
Authors: Bernard D. Herring
Journal: JAMA (1963)

MULTIPLE HEMORRHAGIC SARCOMA of Kaposi is a rare disease of unknown etiology.<sup>1</sup>In this disease there appears to be three more or less distinct stages: inflammatory, granulomatous, and neoplastic. It usually starts as ill-defined, doughy, infiltrated plaques or collections of several firm, bean-to-pea size, reddish or purplish nodules, often with accompanying telangiectasis. New growths constantly spring up, and in a few months the involved parts, especially the legs, become greatly enlarged, the skin being rugous and nodular and bluish purple in hue.<sup>2</sup>Symptoms may be slight, although nodules and plaques may be tender or pruritic. The disease varies markedly in its progression in individuals. The histopathology is rather characteristic. In the inflammatory stage the vessels of the derma are dilated and surrounded by infiltration of round and connective tissue cells. Edema and hemorrhage are minimal. The second or granulomatous stage is characterized by edema, hemorrhage, connective tissue proliferation,
Response of hepatic mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme to constant infusions of L-triiodothyronine in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma. Evidence for divergent postreceptor regulation of the thyroid hormone response.
Authors: J M Tibaldi, N Sahnoun, M I Surks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To characterize the hepatic response to L-triiodothyronine (T3) in an experimental nonthyroidal disease, we determined the activity of hepatic mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) and cytosol malic enzyme (ME) as a function of the saturation of the nuclear T3 receptor during constant T3 infusions in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma. Groups of control and tumor-bearing rats were infused by minipumps (Alza Corp., Palo Alto, CA) with vehicle, 1.2 or 4.5 micrograms T3/100 body wt per day for 3 d. The range for serum T3 was 47.2 +/- 4.1 to 165 +/- 17.3 ng/dl for the control rats and 13.2 +/- 1.3 to 135 +/- 14.3 ng/dl for the tumor-bearing rats. Nuclear T3 receptor concentration was between 0.41 +/- 0.06 and 0.47 +/- 0.02 ng/mg DNA in control rats and was decreased in tumor-bearing rats to between 0.23 +/- 0.03 and 0.26 +/- 0.03 ng/mg DNA. Nuclear T3 receptor concentrations were not influenced by the T3 infusions. Specifically bound nuclear T3, determined by radioimmunoassay of extracts of isolated nuclei, was decreased nearly 50% in the tumor-bearing rats. However, the calculated percentage saturation of the T3 nuclear receptor remained similar in control and tumor-bearing rats at each level of T3 infusion. Dose-response curves for alpha-GPD and ME were curvilinear and showed an exponential increase in enzyme activity with progressive receptor saturation. In tumor-bearing rats, the activity curves or calculated appearance rate curves for alpha-GPD were shifted significantly upward and to the left, indicating greater sensitivity to T3, and those of ME were shifted downward and to the right, indicating decreased responsiveness to T3. Our findings suggest that cellular factors result in postreceptor amplification of the alpha-GPD response and diminution of the ME response to T3 in tumor-bearing rats. Augmentation of the alpha-GPD response may be a prototype for other hormonal responses that enable the tumor-bearing rat to maintain an apparent euthyroid state in association with decreased serum T3.
Simon Peretz Cats
Authors: J. Benn, D. Lubel, A. Cats
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Liver involvement in Graves’ disease can be seen as a part of autoimmune process or rarely, due to the direct effects of thyrotoxicosis on liver. Hyperthyroidism can also have gastrointestinal manifestations like frequent bowel movements, diarrhoea, even malabsorption with steatorrhoea. We report a 36-year-old man with hyperthyroidism, presenting with cholestatic jaundice and persistent small bowel diarrhoea. He was diagnosed to have Graves’ disease and after ruling out more common causes, the cause of cholestatic jaundice was supposed to be Graves’ disease. Considering this possibility, the patient was started on treatment with carbimazole. As patient’s thyroid function tests started improving, he showed significant clinical and biochemical improvement from liver point of view as well.
Acrylic cement and fat embolism.
Authors: P Cole, H Phillips, A Lettin, D Dandy
Journal: BMJ (1972)

more detailed aspects of this matter, such as the financial benefit of a screening system to an employing authority.However, my main purpose is to draw attention to what I consider is a serious error in the thinking of the working party on collaboration and the Department of Health and Social Security which should be rectified.-I am, etc.,
Early Dynamic FDG and PET/CT Scans to Localize Cystovaginal Fistula
Authors: Sam Belakhlef, Robert Krywicki, Clifford Church, Suresh Lakhanpal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

The high activity concentration of F-18 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) accumulated in the bladder, at standard scanning time of 60 minutes postinjection or more, renders detection of subtle abnormalities difficult in or around this organ. To minimize the effect of high activity concentration of FDG on the bladder or its surrounding, we used early dynamic FDG and PET/CT scans on a 69-year-old woman to identify the location of her cystovaginal fistula. The dynamic scans were obtained in frames of 2 minutes each starting at injection time and lasting 10 minutes. The dynamic images revealed a small fistula extending from the posterior medial left side of the bladder to the anterior left side of the vagina.
"Coffee and...": A Way to Treat the Untreatable
Authors: RUTH MASNIK, LUIGI BUCCI, DAVID ISENBERG, WILLIAM NORMAND
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors describe a socialization program for outpatients, most of them chronic schizophrenics, that accepts the patients' regressed state and their need to gratify their exaggerated oral dependent strivings. A total of 39 patients were involved in the program for eight months. At the end of that period, 15 of the 39 showed a noticeable improvement in social functioning.
Endocrine Changes during Pregnancy in a Patient with Homozygous Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia
Authors: C. R. Parker, D. R. Illingworth, J. Bissonnette, B. R. Carr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

HUMAN pregnancy is characterized by the production of massive quantities of progesterone, which is supplied primarily by the placenta during the second and third trimesters, and of estrogens, which are formed in the placenta from steroid prehormones synthesized principally in the fetal, but also in the maternal, adrenal cortexes. The cholesterol carried in low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) serves an important role in steroidogenesis by supplying substrate for steroid-hormone formation in a number of tissues.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 On the basis of the available evidence, it seems likely that plasma LDL cholesterol is the major precursor of both progesterone and estrogens during normal human pregnancy. . . .
HOME CONDITIONS AND EYESIGHT
Authors: K. Pearson
Journal: BMJ (1909)

CASE xrni.-W.H. (A 416 S), aged 76, has catheterized himself three times in each twenty-four hours for five years, very little urine passing naturally.The urine is clear, and the prostate is large and round.Lithotrity was performed twice-April, 1897, and November, 1904.The first stone was pure uric acid, the second had a thick coating of phosphates; for five or six weeks previously he was advised to employ a catheter to withdraw 4 oz. of urine, which he did in a most careless manner with- out being taught.Cystitis naturally resulted.After the removal of the stone and proper instrumentation, he rapidly recovered and remains well.CASE xiv.-G.C. (A 308 S), aged 78, has for fourteen years used catheter once in each twenty-four hours, urinating naturally three to four times; the prostate has not been examined recently.For many years he has had attacks of retention relieved by the use of the catheter.Urinary troubles invariably followed (cystitis, haemorrhage, and grave con- stitutional disturbance).Fourteen years ago he commenced habitual catheterization, and two years later adopted strict asepsis and has had no complication since.He was an old patient of the late Sir Henry Thompson.C.-Those who have to Rely on the Catheter alone.CASE xv.-F.S. P. (B 380 S), aged 63, has used catheter for seven years four times in each twenty-four hours.The urine, none of which passed naturally, is nearly clear, and the pro- state was large and full.In November, 1902, he was in a very serious condition, with frequent rigors and a temperature varying from 1000 to 1040.His tongue was dry and coated.Incessant distressing and ineffectual calls to pass urine with much pain.Instruments had been used recently for purposes of examination.There were 60 oz. of residual urine, which was thick and foul.Prostatectomy was urged upon him as absolutely essential; but he preferred to try treatment, with the result that he is now quite well, bicycling, walking, etc. CASE xvi.-Dr.L. (C 312 5), aged 72.Catheter has been used three to four times each twenty-four hours for two years.No urine passed naturally; it is clear; the prostate large and soft.He adopted strict aseptic methods from the commencement and has never had any trouble.
Germline Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in the IGF1 Pathway Predict Efficacy of Cetuximab in Wild-type <i>KRAS</i> mCRC Patients
Authors: Thomas Winder, Wu Zhang, Dongyun Yang, Yan Ning, Pierre Bohanes, Armin Gerger, Peter M. Wilson, Alexandra Pohl, David J. Mauro, Christiane Langer, Eric K. Rowinsky, Heinz-Josef Lenz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathway is an important growth-regulatory pathway, which plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Previous studies showed that hyperactivation of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) may result in resistance to anti–epidermal growth factor receptor–targeted treatment. We tested whether germline variations within the IGF1 pathway are associated with clinical outcome in wild-type (wt) KRAS drug-refractory metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients who were treated with cetuximab monotherapy (IMC-0144). Experimental Design: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of 130 drug-refractory mCRC patients enrolled in IMC-0144, a phase II clinical trial of cetuximab monotherapy, were analyzed. gDNA was extracted from dissected FFPE tumor tissue, and KRAS mutation status and six potentially functional IGF1 and IGF1R polymorphisms were analyzed using direct DNA sequencing or PCR-RFLP. Tumor response analysis was based on recursive partitioning, and survival analyses were based on univariate and multivariate hazard regression models. Results: In univariate and multivariate analyses, five IGF pathway single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and/or overall survival (OS). In multivariate combined risk allele analysis, the additive model for PFS and OS was significantly associated with the number of risk alleles in wt KRAS patients (P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). In addition, wt KRAS patients harboring IGF1 rs2946834 A/A genotype had a 50% objective response rate compared with 0% for A/G genotype. Conclusions: These results indicate that IGF1 pathway polymorphisms are potential predictive/prognostic molecular markers for cetuximab efficacy in wt KRAS mCRC patients. Prospective biomarker-embedded clinical trials are warranted to validate our findings. Clin Cancer Res; 16(22); 5591–602. ©2010 AACR.
Type 2 diabetes and maternal family history: an impact beyond slow glucose removal rate and fasting hyperglycemia in low-risk individuals? Results from 22.5 years of follow-up of healthy nondiabetic men.
Authors: J V Bjørnholt, G Erikssen, K Liestøl, J Jervell, E Thaulow, J Erikssen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

Although an excess transmission of type 2 diabetes from mothers has been documented, whether this is an independent trait or whether the effect can be detected early through risk factors for type 2 diabetes remains to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the possible prospective effect of family history on type 2 diabetes incidence adjusted for multiple diabetes risk factors in a 22.5-year follow-up study of healthy men.A total of 1,947 apparently healthy nondiabetic men with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels <110 mg/dl at baseline, in whom an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was administered and several conventional risk factors were measured, were followed for 22.5 years. Family history data were obtained at the baseline examination, and morbidity data were obtained from repeated investigations, hospital records, and death certificates.A total of 131 men reported maternal diabetes family history only, 65 men reported paternal diabetes family history only and 10 men reported both maternal and paternal diabetes family history. Among the 1,947 men, 143 cases of type 2 diabetes developed during 22.5 years of observation. Maternal family history and combined maternal and paternal family history predisposed to future type 2 diabetes both in univariate Cox analysis and in multivariate Cox regression analysis after adjusting for glucose disappearance rate (Rd) during an IVGTT, FBG level, BMI, physical fitness, triglyceride level, and age. Maternal family history showed a relative risk (RR) of 2.51 (95% CI 1.55-4.07), combined maternal and paternal family history showed an RR of 3.96 (1.22-12.9), and paternal family history showed an RR of 1.41 (0.657-3.05) in multivariate analysis.Maternal family history appears to be an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes independent of prediabetic Rd, FBG, BMI, and physical fitness levels.
The gene expression profile of nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma demonstrates a molecular link between angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and follicular helper T (TFH) cells
Authors: Laurence de Leval, David S. Rickman, Caroline Thielen, Aurélien de Reynies, Yen-Lin Huang, Georges Delsol, Laurence Lamant, Karen Leroy, Josette Brière, Thierry Molina, Françoise Berger, Christian Gisselbrecht, Luc Xerri, Philippe Gaulard
Journal: Blood (2007)
Fever: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Peter A. Ubel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 December 1994Fever: Blessing or Curse?Peter A. Ubel, MDPeter A. Ubel, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his article [1], Dr. Mackowiak tries to explain why a human would evolve to develop a sometimes beneficial, other times harmful trait such as fever. He argues that one way to approach the concept is to understand evolution at the species level rather than at the individual level. Thus, a person prematurely killed by a high fever may not benefit from the fever, but other members of the species, who will no longer be exposed to the illness, will benefit (a sort of evolutionary altruism).The problem with this explanation is that most evolutionists, including Darwin, ...References1. Mackowiak PA. Fever: blessing or curse? A unifying hypothesis. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:1037-40. Google Scholar2. Gould SJ. The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History. New York: W.W. Norton; 1980:89. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedicine and evolution: time for a new paradigm? 15 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 12Page: 982-984KeywordsFeversForecastingGeneticsMalariaSickle cell disease Issue Published: 15 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Europe set to tighten breast implant rules
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The European Commission is proposing tighter controls on the safety of breast implants.

Its move comes in response to a lengthy campaign by women's groups and as part of an initiative to improve quality of service, information provision, and post-surgical follow up. The commission is recommending that governments of European Union states introduce legislation that would require anyone performing implant surgery to provide comprehensive information to the patient beforehand. This would be accompanied by independent advice, probably …
A SIMPLIFIED METHOD OF DIRECT BLOOD TRANSFUSION WITH SELF-RETAINING TUBES
Authors: L. H. Landon
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The tubes here described were devised some four years ago, primarily for arterial or venous anastomosis and as such were used successfully by me while working in the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery of the University of Pennsylvania, under the direction of Prof. J. Edwin Sweet, to whom I am indebted for ninny suggestions and helpful advice in the development of the technic. In the hands of the average surgeon, especially where the operation has to be done outside a hospital or with untrained assistants, the cannulas of Crile or Sweet present certain difficulties in their use, chiefly in applying the retaining ligature and at the same time keeping the end of the vessel properly cuffed back over the tube. Several attempts may be necessary to accomplish this, which is not only trying to the oparator but usually ruinous to the success of the operation. The tendency is for the end