tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic Risk Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes–Associated Polymorphisms in African Americans
Authors: Jessica N. Cooke, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Nicholette D. Palmer, S. Sandy An, Jessica M. Hester, Barry I. Freedman, Carl D. Langefeld, Donald W. Bowden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility have been identified in predominantly European-derived populations. These SNPs have not been extensively investigated for individual and cumulative effects on T2D risk in African Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventeen index T2D risk variants were genotyped in 2,652 African American case subjects with T2D and 1,393 nondiabetic control subjects. Individual SNPs and cumulative risk allele loads were assessed for association with risk for T2D. Cumulative risk was assessed by counting risk alleles and evaluating the difference in cumulative risk scores between case subjects and control subjects. A second analysis weighted risk scores (ln [OR]) based on previously reported European-derived effect sizes. RESULTS Frequencies of risk alleles ranged from 8.6 to 99.9%. Eleven SNPs had ORs &amp;gt;1, and 5 from ADAMTS9, WFS1, CDKAL1, JAZF1, and TCF7L2 trended or had nominally significant evidence of T2D association (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Individuals carried between 13 and 29 risk alleles. Association was observed between T2D and increase in risk allele load (unweighted OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01–1.08], P = 0.010; weighted 1.06 [1.03–1.10], P = 8.10 × 10−5). When TCF7L2 SNP rs7903146 was included as a covariate, the risk score was no longer associated with T2D in either model (unweighted 1.02 [0.98–1.05], P = 0.33; weighted 1.02 [0.98–1.06], P = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS The trend of increase in risk for T2D with increasing risk allele load is similar to observations in European-derived populations; however, these analyses indicate that T2D genetic risk is primarily mediated through the effect of TCF7L2 in African Americans.
Contribution of Kinins to Endotoxin Shock in Unanesthetized Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: ALAN S. NIES, RALPH P. FORSYTH, HIBBARD E. WILLIAMS, KENNETH L. MELMON
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The effects of endotoxin ( Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas pseudomallei ) were studied in 18 unanesthetized rhesus monkeys restrained in primate chairs. Indwelling arterial and venous catheters were used for hemodynamic measurements and blood sampling. Whole blood kinin, plasma kininogen, lysosomal enzymes, complete blood counts, and blood gas tensions were measured. Within an hour of beginning the infusion of the endotoxin, the mean arterial pressure and systemic peripheral resistance decreased significantly in the 18 experimental monkeys compared to 13 control monkeys. These early changes were associated with significant elevation in whole blood kinin concentration and a decrease in plasma kininogen. All of these early changes were most marked in the animals that died. Granulocytopenia occurred within 15 minutes, and the concentration of free lysosomal enzyme in the plasma rose 2 hours after endotoxin infusion. The preterminal phase of shock was characterized by a low peripheral vascular resistance and decreasing cardiac output without elevation of kinin levels. These findings support the hypothesis that kinins play a pathogenetic role in the early phase of endotoxin-induced shock and that the severity of the early phase may influence the animal's survival. The relation of kinins to other vasoactive substances released after endotoxin-induced shock is unknown.
Reduction of total IgE by targeted coengagement of IgE B-cell receptor and FcγRIIb with Fc-engineered antibody
Authors: Seung Y. Chu, Holly M. Horton, Erik Pong, Irene W.L. Leung, Hsing Chen, Duc-Hanh Nguyen, Cristina Bautista, Umesh S. Muchhal, Matthew J. Bernett, Gregory L. Moore, David E. Szymkowski, John R. Desjarlais
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Efficacy of B cell depletion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor agents: an open-label observational study
Authors: L Brulhart, A Ciurea, A Finckh, A Notter, J M Waldburger, D Kyburz, C Gabay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

foot and ankle procedures carried out.The share of foot and ankle procedures carried out is shown in fig 1.In all, 48 patients had a total of 97 forefoot procedures; 12 patients had a total of 19 hindfoot and ankle procedures (7 had undergone both forefoot and hindfoot procedures).Only five patients were dissatisfied with the results.A trend towards earlier foot surgery was seen in patients diagnosed in 1990 or later.Of the cohort diagnosed before 1990 (n = 71), only one patient was operated on the foot or ankle region in the first 5 years of disease, whereas in the cohort diagnosed thereafter, and having a disease duration of at least 5 years (n = 128), 12 patients were operated.The burden of foot problems in rheumatoid arthritis is impressive and deserves the attention of the treating doctors.The use of the Disease Assessment Score 28 in clinical practice, although increasing the effectiveness of medical treatment, 8 9 should be accompanied by a specific foot and ankle examination.The occurrence of foot wounds frequently forms the starting point of a cascade of orthotic and surgical treatment strategies, and deserves attention in an era of biological treatments.Surgical treatment has changed over the past 10-15 years, 7 with some groups reporting less surgery. 10 Our study suggests a trend to earlier intervention in foot and ankle surgery, possibly owing to the changing expectation levels of patients and doctors.In foot and ankle surgery, joint sacrificing procedures still form the mainstay of treatment.
Ultrafiltration Versus Intravenous Diuretics for Patients Hospitalized for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Maria Rosa Costanzo, Maya E. Guglin, Mitchell T. Saltzberg, Mariell L. Jessup, Bradley A. Bart, John R. Teerlink, Brian E. Jaski, James C. Fang, Erika D. Feller, Garrie J. Haas, Allen S. Anderson, Michael P. Schollmeyer, Paul A. Sobotka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Global Changes in Processing of mRNA 3′ Untranslated Regions Characterize Clinically Distinct Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Priyam Singh, Travis L. Alley, Sarah M. Wright, Sonya Kamdar, William Schott, Robert Y Wilpan, Kevin D. Mills, Joel H. Graber
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Molecular cancer diagnostics are an important clinical advance in cancer management, but new methods are still needed. In this context, gene expression signatures obtained by microarray represent a useful molecular diagnostic. Here, we describe novel probe-level microarray analyses that reveal connections between mRNA processing and neoplasia in multiple tumor types, with diagnostic potential. We now show that characteristic differences in mRNA processing, primarily in the 3′-untranslated region, define molecular signatures that can distinguish similar tumor subtypes with different survival characteristics, with at least 74% accuracy. Using a mouse model of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma, we find that differences in transcript isoform abundance are likely due to both alternative polyadenylation (APA) and differential degradation. While truncation of the 3′-UTR is the most common observed pattern, genes with elongated transcripts were also observed, and distinct groups of affected genes are found in related but distinct tumor types. Genes with elongated transcripts are overrepresented in ontology categories related to cell-cell adhesion and morphology. Analysis of microarray data from human primary tumor samples revealed similar phenomena. Western blot analysis of selected proteins confirms that changes in the 3′-UTR can correlate with changes in protein expression. Our work suggests that alternative mRNA processing, particularly APA, can be a powerful molecular biomarker with prognostic potential. Finally, these findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of gene deregulation in tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9422–30]
A Call for Specific Codes for Diabetes Foot and Eye Care
Authors: Jennifer A Mayfield, Timothy Strand, Al R Toya
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

In this report, we propose new International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes that could be incorporated into computer-based patient records or administrative data to monitor and improve diabetes care. Neither the ICD, 9th Revision, nor its imminent replacement, the ICD, 10th Revision, has specific codes for foot examinations and funduscopic examinations in the asymptomatic person, high-risk diabetic foot status, or clinically significant macular edema. Adoption of official codes for these procedures and conditions implemented in conjunction with computerized databases could be used for surveillance, program planning, and quality of care assessment. Computerized medical records could use the codes to monitor care and issue reminders to patients and providers. Payors could offer reimbursement incentives to encourage compliance with standard recommendations. These codesfor care procedures could be linked to outcomes, such as amputations and blindness, to improve our understanding of the etiology of blindness and the relationship between processand outcome. The uniform adoption of these codes would facilitate comparison between health care systems, geographic regions, and nations. The diabetes community should encouragethe National Center for Health Statistics to adopt new codes that could be used to monitor diabetes preventive care practices.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHAIN LENGTH OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Richard D. Ekstedt, Gene H. Stollerman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Minute amounts of M protein were detected in culture supernates of virulent Group A streptococci by type-specific inhibition of the long chain and the bactericidal tests for anti-M antibody. The amount of M protein that was detected by the inhibition of these biological systems was less than could be demonstrated by precipitation tests. All strains of streptococci rich in M protein which were studied formed long chains when grown in sufficient concentrations of anti-M antibody. Very low concentrations of anti-M antibody escaped detection by the long chain test when strains of excessive M protein content were employed. Under such conditions the bactericidal test detected anti-M antibody more sensitively than the long chain test owing to the smaller inoculum employed in the former method. The scission of streptococcal chains may be inhibited by union of antibodies with surface antigens other than M protein. Long chains were formed when M-negative, R-positive strains were grown in sera containing anti-R antibody.
Daily aspirin reduces risk of breast cancer, study finds
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Taking aspirin seven or more times a week reduces the risk of breast cancer by 28%, a study has found ( JAMA 2004;291:2433). The drug reduced the risk of hormone receptor positive tumours but not hormone receptor negative tumours.

In an accompanying editorial, Dr Raymond DuBois of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, described the biochemical mechanism by which inhibition of cyclooxygenase by aspirin could result in lower concentrations of oestrogen ( JAMA 2004;291:2488-9).

The retrospective, case controlled study looked at women who had new diagnoses of invasive breast cancer or breast cancer in situ from 1 August 1996 to 31 July 1997 in the Long Island breast cancer study …
Research-Based PAM50 Subtype Predictor Identifies Higher Responses and Improved Survival Outcomes in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in the NOAH Study
Authors: Aleix Prat, Giampaolo Bianchini, Marlene Thomas, Anton Belousov, Maggie C.U. Cheang, Astrid Koehler, Patricia Gómez, Vladimir Semiglazov, Wolfgang Eiermann, Sergei Tjulandin, Mikhail Byakhow, Begoña Bermejo, Milvia Zambetti, Federico Vazquez, Luca Gianni, José Baselga
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: We report a retrospective exploratory analysis of the association of the research-based prediction analysis of microarray 50 (PAM50) subtype predictor with pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS) in women enrolled in the NeOAdjuvant Herceptin (NOAH) trial. Experimental Design: Gene expression profiling was performed using RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core biopsies from 114 pretreated patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) tumors randomized to receive neoadjuvant doxorubicin/paclitaxel (AT) followed by cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil (CMF), or the same regimen in combination with trastuzumab for one year. A control cohort of 42 patients with HER2-negative tumors treated with AT-CMF was also included. The PAM50 subtypes, the PAM50 proliferation score, and the PAM50 risk of relapse score based on subtype (RORS) and subtype and proliferation (RORP) were evaluated. Results: HER2-enriched (HER2-E) tumors predominated within HER2+ disease, although all PAM50 intrinsic subtypes were identified across the three cohorts. The OR for achieving pCR with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy for HER2+/HER2-E and HER2+/RORP-high were 5.117 (P = 0.009) and 8.469 (P = 0.025), respectively, compared with chemotherapy only. The pCR rates of HER2+/HER2-E and HER2+/RORP-high after trastuzumab-based chemotherapy were 52.9% and 75.0%, respectively. A statistically nonsignificant trend was observed for more pronounced survival benefit with trastuzumab in patients with HER2+/HER2-E and HER2+/RORP-high tumors compared with patients with HER2+/non-HER2-E and HER2+/non-RORP-high tumors, respectively. Conclusions: As determined by EFS and pCR, patients with HER2+/HER2-E tumors, or HER2+/RORP-high tumors, benefit substantially from trastuzumab-based chemotherapy. The clinical value of this genomic test within HER2+ disease warrants further investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 511–21. ©2014 AACR.
Invasion by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Establishes a Moving Junction That Selectively Excludes Host Cell Plasma Membrane Proteins on the Basis of Their Membrane Anchoring
Authors: Dana G. Mordue, Naishadh Desai, Michael Dustin, L. David Sibley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii actively penetrates its host cell by squeezing through a moving junction that forms between the host cell plasma membrane and the parasite. During invasion, this junction selectively controls internalization of host cell plasma membrane components into the parasite-containing vacuole. Membrane lipids flowed past the junction, as shown by the presence of the glycosphingolipid G(M1) and the cationic lipid label 1. 1'-dihexadecyl-3-3'-3-3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiIC(16)). Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored surface proteins, such as Sca-1 and CD55, were also readily incorporated into the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). In contrast, host cell transmembrane proteins, including CD44, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, and beta1-integrin, were excluded from the vacuole. To eliminate potential differences in sorting due to the extracellular domains, parasite invasion was examined in host cells transfected with recombinant forms of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54) that differed in their mechanism of membrane anchoring. Wild-type ICAM-1, which contains a transmembrane domain, was excluded from the PV, whereas both GPI-anchored ICAM-1 and a mutant of ICAM-1 missing the cytoplasmic tail (ICAM-1-Cyt(-)) were readily incorporated into the PV membrane. Our results demonstrate that during host cell invasion, Toxoplasma selectively excludes host cell transmembrane proteins at the moving junction by a mechanism that depends on their anchoring in the membrane, thereby creating a nonfusigenic compartment.
Kinetics and Extent of T Cell Activation as Measured with the Calcium Signal
Authors: Christoph Wülfing, Joshua D. Rabinowitz, Craig Beeson, Michael D. Sjaastad, Harden M. McConnell, Mark M. Davis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

We have characterized the calcium response of a peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-specific CD4+ T lymphocyte line at the single cell level using a variety of ligands, alone and in combination. We are able to distinguish four general patterns of intracellular calcium elevation, with only the most robust correlating with T cell proliferation. Whereas all three antagonist peptides tested reduce the calcium response to an agonist ligand, two give very different calcium release patterns and the third gives none at all, arguing that (a) antagonism does not require calcium release and (b) it involves interactions that are more T cell receptor proximal. We have also measured the time between the first T cell–antigen-presenting cell contact and the onset of the calcium signal. The duration of this delay correlates with the strength of the stimulus, with stronger stimuli giving a more rapid response. The dose dependence of this delay suggests that the rate-limiting step in triggering the calcium response is not the clustering of peptide–MHC complexes on the cell surface but more likely involves the accumulation of some intracellular molecule or complex with a half-life of a few minutes.
Risk Factors for Retained Instruments and Sponges after Surgery
Authors: Atul A. Gawande, David M. Studdert, E. John Orav, Troyen A. Brennan, Michael J. Zinner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Risk factors for medical errors remain poorly understood. We performed a case–control study of retained foreign bodies in surgical patients in order to identify risk factors for this type of error.
AIDS-related cerebral toxoplasmosis with hyperintense foci on T1-weighted MR images: A case report
Authors: T. Maeda, T. Fujii, T. Matsumura, T. Endo, T. Odawara, D. Itoh, Y. Inoue, T. Okubo, A. Iwamoto, T. Nakamura
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Influence of carvedilol on hospitalizations in heart failure: incidence, resource utilization and costs
Authors: Michael B Fowler, Montserrat Vera-Llonch, Gerry Oster, Michael R Bristow, Jay N Cohn, Wilson S Colucci, Edward M Gilbert, Mary Ann Lukas, Michael J Lacey, Randel Richner, Sarah T Young, Milton Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Consensus programs, vaccines, DNA research
Authors: C. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of sympathetic tone on pressure-diameter relation of rabbit mesenteric veins in situ.
Authors: K Ozono, Z J Bosnjak, J P Kampine
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Although venous capacitance has been studied in the neurally isolated tissue or in the in vitro vein segment, this is the first study of sympathetic regulation of the pressure-diameter relation in mesenteric veins in situ, where innervation is kept intact. In 25 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits, mesenteric vein diameter (679 +/- 27 microns, ranges of 380-1,050 microns at initial state) and intravenous pressure were measured continuously at the same site by using videomicrometer and micropressure systems. Intravenous pressure was increased in a stepwise fashion from the baseline of 6-9 mm Hg to approximately 10, approximately 13, approximately 16, approximately 19, and occasionally to approximately 22 or approximately 26 mm Hg by occluding the portal vein with a pneumatic occluder. Each intravenous pressure was maintained for 90-120 seconds or 4-5 minutes until the diameter increase reached a plateau. Pressure-diameter curves were generated for the control state, during celiac ganglion stimulation, and during local tetrodotoxin or intravenous hexamethonium administration. Diameter was plotted as a function of pressure, and the curves were nonlinear or sigmoid. These results are different from the linear or curvilinear characteristics of the pressure-diameter or pressure-volume relation observed in the pharmacologically or chemically denervated preparation. Tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium attenuated the sigmoid shape of the pressure-diameter curve and shifted it toward the diameter axis of the curve. On the other hand, celiac ganglion stimulation did not change the sigmoid nature of the curve but shifted the curve toward the volume axis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC THYMUS CELL FACTORS IN THE GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO POLY-(TYROSYL, GLUTAMYL)-POLY-D, L-ALANYL--POLY-LYSYL
Authors: M. J. Taussig, Edna Mozes, Ronit Isac
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The genetic control of the antibody response to a synthetic polypeptide antigen designated poly-L(Tyr, Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-L-Lys [(T, G)-A--L] has been studied in congenic high responder C3H.SW (H-2b) and low responder C3H/HeJ (H-2k) strains of mice. This response is controlled by the Ir-1 gene and is H-2 linked. The method employed was to study the ability of specifically primed or "educated" T cells of each strain to produce cooperative factors for (T, G)-A--L in vitro. Such factors have been shown to be capable of replacing the requirement for T cells in the thymus-dependent antibody response to (T, G)-A--L in vivo. The T-cell factors produced were tested for their ability to cooperate with B cells of either high or low responder origin by transfer together with bone marrow cells and (T, G)-A--L into heavily irradiated, syngeneic (for bone marrow donor) recipients. Direct anti-(T, G)-A--L plaque-forming cells were measured later in the spleens of the recipients. The results showed that (a) educated T cells of both high and low responder origin produced active cooperative factors to (T, G)-A--L, and no differences between the strains in respect to production of T-cell factors could be demonstrated; and (b) such factors, whether of high or low responder origin, cooperated efficiently with B cells of high responder origin only, and hardly at all with B cells of low responder origin. The conclusion was drawn that the cellular difference between the two strains lies in the responsiveness of their B cells to specific signals or stimuli received from T cells. As far as could be discerned by the methods used, no T-cell defect existed in low responder mice and the expression of the controlling Ir-1 gene was solely at the level of the B cells in this case.