tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-052 Does Use Of Sedation Affect The Speed At Which Endoscopy Is Performed And Number Of Biopsies Obtained In Barrett’s Oesophagus?
Authors: S Subramaniam, H Defoe, A Chitembwe, J Ferrera, K Besherdas
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Guidelines for Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) screening recommend 2 yearly endoscopies with 4 quadrant biopsies every 2cm for BE without dysplasia. There is increasing evidence that longer inspection time of BE segment is associated with increased detection of high-grade dysplasia and oesophageal cancer. In our experience, BE surveillance endoscopies have been undertaken both with and without sedation as no formal guidelines recommend use of one method over the other. Endoscopic procedures may be quicker in the unsedated patient and therefore these are likely to have lower Barrett’s inspection time (BIT) and also fewer biopsies than in sedated patients. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of sedation use in BE surveillance endoscopy and to determine if this affected the time taken for the procedure and the number of biopsies obtained. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent surveillance endoscopy for BE over a 5 year period (2009–2013) in a large district general hospital in North London were identified using the audit tool on Unisoft Endoscopy reporting software. Data collection was done by endoscopy unit nursing staff. From each report, use of sedation, length of BE and number of biopsies taken from BE segment were recorded. The time taken for each BE endoscopy was also obtained from procedure logbooks. The mean length of time (LOT) per procedure was compared between sedated and unsedated endoscopies using a t test. A multiple linear regression fit was performed on the data using regressors sedation values, length of BE and number of biopsies taken. <h3>Results</h3> 181 endoscopies for BE surveillance were performed over 5 years. 37 were excluded as insufficient data was available. Of the 144 endoscopies remaining, 73 were unsedated and 71 with sedation. The mean LOT for sedated compared with unsedated endoscopies was 12.47 min and 10.36 min respectively (p = 0.05, confidence interval= –4.23, 0.01). The average number of biopsies in sedated patients was 3.87 and 3.85 in the unsedated (p = 0.47). The regression was a poor fit (R<sup>2</sup> adjusted = –0.00033) and the overall relationship not significant: F (2, 141) = 0.976, p = 0.38. P values for sedation (p = 0.96) and length of BO (p = 0.16) did not achieve significance either. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our study of patients undergoing endoscopy for BE surveillance, the LOT of endoscopic procedure was greater in patients receiving sedation than unsedated patients. The length of BE or the use of sedation did not have a significant effect on the number of biopsies taken. Sedation use did not affect number of biopsies obtained and therefore may not increase dysplasia detection. We conclude that surveillance for BE patients can be performed without sedation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Senior Dutch researcher sacked for manipulating data in rheumatoid arthritis drug trial
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A senior researcher in rheumatology at a leading Dutch university hospital has been sacked after admitting manipulating data in a clinical trial for the past three years.

The Leiden University Medical Center has consequently halted the TIGER trial for which the researcher was responsible, a phase II patient study investigating the use of the drug omalizumab to treat rheumatoid arthritis (Anti-IgE therapy (omalizumab) in IgE-ACPA positive RA).

Publications based on fraudulent data, which appeared in the US Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ( PNAS ) in 2010 and the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases in 2011 are in the process of being withdrawn. …
Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole in Typhoid Fever in Children
Authors: J. N. Scragg, C. J. Rubidge
Journal: BMJ (1971)

One hundred and three children with proved typhoid fever were treated with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, and the results compared with those of a further 40 children treated with chloramphenicol. The bacteriological response to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was unsatisfactory. From this study it seems that at present chloramphenicol is still the treatment of choice for typhoid fever. In view of the haematological changes occurring during therapy with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole caution is necessary and monitoring of the blood picture advisable, even at the recommended dose.
Increased Resource Use in Lung Transplant Admissions in the Lung Allocation Score Era
Authors: Bryan G. Maxwell, Joshua J. Mooney, Peter H. U. Lee, Joseph E. Levitt, Laveena Chhatwani, Mark R. Nicolls, Martin R. Zamora, Vincent Valentine, David Weill, Gundeep S. Dhillon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

In 2005, the lung allocation score (LAS) was implemented to prioritize organ allocation to minimize waiting-list mortality and maximize 1-year survival. It resulted in transplantation of older and sicker patients without changing 1-year survival. Its effect on resource use is unknown.To determine changes in resource use over time in lung transplant admissions.Solid organ transplant recipients were identified within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2000 to 2011. Joinpoint regression methodology was performed to identify a time point of change in mean total hospital charges among lung transplant and other solid-organ transplant recipients. Two temporal lung transplant recipient cohorts identified by joinpoint regression were compared for baseline characteristics and resource use, including total charges for index hospitalization, charges per day, length of stay, discharge disposition, tracheostomy, and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.A significant point of increased total hospital charges occurred for lung transplant recipients in 2005, corresponding to LAS implementation, which was not seen in other solid-organ transplant recipients. Total transplant hospital charges increased by 40% in the post-LAS cohort ($569,942 [$53,229] vs. $407,489 [$28,360]) along with an increased median length of stay, daily charges, and discharge disposition other than to home. Post-LAS recipients also had higher post-transplant use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (odds ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-3.55) and higher incidence of tracheostomy (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.89).LAS implementation is associated with a significant increase in resource use during index hospitalization for lung transplant.
Imaging of Systemic Mastocytosis by FDG-PET/CT Demonstrates Increased Activity in Cortical Bone
Authors: Roger T. Tomihama, James C. McEachen, Phillip H. Kuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A patient with systemic mastocytosis underwent a FDG-PET/CT scan. CT demonstrated loss of corticomedullary differentiation in the axial skeleton and thickening of cortical bone in the appendicular skeleton consistent with myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. Remarkably, the bones of the lower extremities displayed increased uptake of FDG in the cortical bone and marrow space. A diffuse pattern of uptake was also seen in the bones of the axial skeleton instead of the typical pattern of FDG uptake confined to the marrow consistent with the loss of corticomedullary differentiation. We hypothesize that the increased FDG uptake in cortical bone is due to increased osteoblastic activity causing the myelofibrosis.
Methemoglobin—It's not just blue: A concise review
Authors: Jay Umbreit
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Hemoglobin has functions besides carrying oxygen to the tissues, and regulates vascular tone and inflammation via a redox couple with methemoglobin. Hemoglobin has iron in the reduced valance Fe(II) and methemoglobin has iron in the oxidized valance Fe (III), with a free energy capable of producing water from oxygen. In generating methemoglobin the couple functions as a nitrite reductase. The degree of oxidation of hemoglobin senses the oxygen level in the blood and uses its ability to produce nitric oxide from nitrite to control vascular tone, increasing blood flood when the proportion of oxygenated hemoglobin falls. Additional cardiovascular damage is produced by methemoglobin mediated oxidation of light density lipoproteins, accelerating arteriosclerosis. In addition, the release of heme from methemoglobin is an important factor in inflammation. These physiologic functions are paralleled by thewell‐described role in the oxidation of various drugs resulting in methemoglobinemia. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphatidylserine liposomes mimic apoptotic cells to attenuate atherosclerosis by expanding polyreactive IgM producing B1a lymphocytes
Authors: H. Hosseini, Y. Li, P. Kanellakis, C. Tay, A. Cao, P. Tipping, A. Bobik, B.-H. Toh, T. Kyaw
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsTo investigate whether activation of atheroprotective peritoneal B1a cells by apoptotic cells or phosphatidylserine liposomes (PSLs) can enhance their protective actions during atherosclerosis development.
Gene therapy in gastroenterology.
Authors: H S Pandha, N R Lemoine
Journal: Gut (1996)

Gene therapy in gastroenterologyGene therapy can be defined as the introduction and expression of an exogenous gene in human cells for therapeutic benefit, and is conventionally restricted to human diseases associated with single gene defects.However, there are wider opportunities for genetic inter- vention and these include strategies to reduce or block gene expression as well as the introduction of non- mammalian genes.The potential role for genetic interven- tion extends from diseases caused by single gene defects, through severe viral infections to polygenic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and arteriosclerosis.The rapid progress in our understanding of some of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cancer and metabolic disorders, coupled with the development of gene delivery vector technology, has stimulated us to con- sider novel genetic approaches to digestive diseases.
Unilateral Absence of Ear, Bilateral Supernumerary Auricles, and Developmental Deformity of Right Side of Face and Features
Authors: J. Cantlie
Journal: BMJ (1891)

Animal experiments have not given definite results as yet, but it must be remembered that such in the case of leprosy are always con-ducted with great difficulty.Even implantation of tissues inlto animals has only once been successful in the hands of Mlelcher and Ortmann, of K6nigsberg.We are thus, necessarily to a great extent, tied down to reasoning from chlemical and morphological phenomena.And, as far as these are concerned, we tlhink that we may claim more for our bacillus than Uffreduzzi, Gianturco, and Boinet before us could do.There seems to be no doubt that the staining reaction, to a great extent, depends on histological and chemico-
P2X1 expressed on polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets is required for thrombosis in mice
Authors: Roxane Darbousset, Céline Delierneux, Soraya Mezouar, Alexandre Hego, Christelle Lecut, Isabelle Guillaumat, Markus A. Riederer, Richard J. Evans, Françoise Dignat-George, Laurence Panicot-Dubois, Cécile Oury, Christophe Dubois
Journal: Blood (2014)
799 The effect of erythropoietin on survival in a novel small for size liver remnant mouse model
Authors: G BELDI, D INDERBITZIN, A KEOGH, S BISCHKNADEN, B GLOOR, D STROKA, D CANDINAS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

This paper presents the effect of the copolymer concentration in the micelle nucleus of colloidal particles on their stability. Dispersions are stabilized by non-ionic or anionic surfactants. The copolymer amount was increased and the effect of functional groups, such as carboxyl or amide groups present in the copolymer on the sedimentation stability of water dispersions have been studied. Amount of stabilizer used was constant in all the systems. The research showed that the effect of carboxyl groups on dispersion stability was stronger than that of amide groups. The most stable water dispersions of the MMA/BA/MAA copolymer are obtained by using as stabilizer the ethylene oxide adduct to nonylphenol Rokafenol N-705, the oxyethylene fatty amine Rokamin SR-22 and the oxyethylene lauryl alcohol Rokanol L-10. In the case of the BMA/MAAA copolymer, the best stability is obtained by using the ethylene oxide adduct to nonylphenol Rokafenol N-705, the oxyethylene fatty amines Rokamin SR-8 and SR-22, the sodium salt of sulfosuccinic acid monoester of oxyethylenated nonylphenol monoester Sulfosuccinate N-5 and the ethylene oxide adduct to nonylphenol Rokafenol N-8.
Antihypertensive Therapy and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in an Elderly Cohort
Authors: Raj S. Padwal, Andreas Laupacis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

We thank Chan et al. (1) for their interest in our article and agree that selection bias and a relatively short duration of follow-up (primarily due to a high rate of censoring) are potential limitations to our study. These and other potential limitations are described in detail in our discussion section (2). It should be noted that the cohort was comprised of 76,176 individuals in the primary analysis and 100,653 individuals in the secondary …
Blood Uric Acid Values as Related to Sex and Age
Authors: Maurice C. Gephardt, Thomas J. Hanlon, Charles F. Matson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

BLOOD URIC ACID values above 5.0 to 6.0 mg/100 cc of serum occur in persons with no apparent clinical explanation. The age of the patient and sex have apparently been related to the elevation of the uric acid. With conflicting reports appearing in the literature, this study was undertaken. Of the original sera submitted, 4,667 were not duplicates. These were from consecutive admissions of three general hospitals. One of these was a Veterans Administration hospital. There were 3,879 males and 788 females in the study, ranging in age from 16 to 96 years. The smallest number (eight women and four men) was in the 90-and-over age group. A disproportionate number of males in the 60- to 69-age group is a reflection of the VA hospital population. The technique of Henry et al<sup>1</sup>was employed in the chemical tests. (This technique yields blood uric acid values approximately 1 mg greater
Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: A Burger, H B Sherman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. Two months after an inferoposterior myocardial infarction, a 71-year-old woman presented to her physician with a one-week history of acutely worsening shortness of breath and exertional dyspnea. At the time of the initial event, a transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated akinesis of the inferoposterior wall, with no other clinically significant abnormalities. Because of the patient's recurrent symptoms, two-dimensional echocardiography was repeated and revealed a large (approximately 5 by 9 cm) pseudoaneurysm (PSEUDO) in the posterior pericardial space that communicated with the left ventricle (LV) through a 3-cm defect in the posterior left ventricular free wall (Panel A). RV denotes right . . .
Lupus/Sjögren's autoantibody specificities in sera with paraproteins.
Authors: A L Sestak, J B Harley, S Yoshida, M Reichlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Antinuclear antibody and anti-RNA-protein autoantibodies were determined in 143 sera containing paraproteins and 39 control sera. Antinuclear antibodies were commonly present in the paraprotein sera by indirect immunofluorescence. 19 of 143 sera (13%) had elevated anti-Ro/SSA activity in a solid phase Ro/SSA binding assay, and 5 (3.5%) had Ro/SSA precipitating autoantibody. Eighteen sera had La/SSB binding autoantibodies (12%) but only one had an anti-La/SSB precipitin. Anti-nRNP(Sm) was not detected in any of these sera. The solid phase anti-RNA protein assays were repeated using anti-lambda and anti-kappa conjugates. Both lambda and kappa light chain autoantibodies were found in all positive sera consistent with polyclonal anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB responses. Paraprotein sera containing Ro/SSA precipitins were analyzed by isoelectric focusing followed by exposure to 125I-labeled Ro/SSA and autoradiography. All sera with anti-Ro/SSA binding paraproteins also contained polyclonal anti-Ro/SSA. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that anti-Ro/SSA paraproteins are common and arise from a previously present polyclonal anti-Ro/SSA response.
Making an advance directive
Authors: G. S Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The introduction in Britain of advance directives--which allow a person to state in advance of becoming incompetent that they wish to take part in treatment decisions when no longer mentally competent--has now been advocated by the medical and legal establishments. The practical application of directives relating to health care would be simplified by the adoption of a standard model document together with guidelines summarising the background clinical conditions and any subsequent acute events that may make it appropriate to trigger the use of a directive. As no specific legislation exists, good communication is needed at the various stages between the drafting and implementation of directives if the system of directives is to be successful.
Effect of Multiple Use of Dialyzers on Hepatitis B Incidence in Patients and Staff
Authors: Martin S. Favero
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Data pertaining to incidence of hepatitis B from a 1976 Center for Disease Control Study were matched with responses from a Renal Physicians Association survey on dialyzer reuse in the United States. Of 6,079 patients, 166 (2.7%) became positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 96 centers practicing reuse, whereas 495 (2.6%) of 18,947 became HBsAg positive in 439 centers practicing single use. Among staff, 75 (2.5%) of 3,049 became positive for HBsAg in centers practicing reuse vs 200 (2.3%) of 8,696 in centers not reusing dialyzers. Incidence of infection among staff associated with a center having at least one HBsAg-positive patient was 2.9% in centers practicing reuse vs 3.6% in centers practicing single use. Nearly all (95%) staff who became HBsAg positive were associated with centers having at least one HBsAg-positive patient. The practice of reusing dialyzers does not appear to be associated with increased risk of hepatitis B infection among patients and staff. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:166-167)
EuroFlow standardization of flow cytometer instrument settings and immunophenotyping protocols
Authors: T Kalina, J Flores-Montero, V H J van der Velden, M Martin-Ayuso, S Böttcher, M Ritgen, J Almeida, L Lhermitte, V Asnafi, A Mendonça, R de Tute, M Cullen, L Sedek, M B Vidriales, J J Pérez, J G te Marvelde, E Mejstrikova, O Hrusak, T Szczepański, J J M van Dongen, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2012)

The EU-supported EuroFlow Consortium aimed at innovation and standardization of immunophenotyping for diagnosis and classification of hematological malignancies by introducing 8-color flow cytometry with fully standardized laboratory procedures and antibody panels in order to achieve maximally comparable results among different laboratories. This required the selection of optimal combinations of compatible fluorochromes and the design and evaluation of adequate standard operating procedures (SOPs) for instrument setup, fluorescence compensation and sample preparation. Additionally, we developed software tools for the evaluation of individual antibody reagents and antibody panels. Each section describes what has been evaluated experimentally versus adopted based on existing data and experience. Multicentric evaluation demonstrated high levels of reproducibility based on strict implementation of the EuroFlow SOPs and antibody panels. Overall, the 6 years of extensive collaborative experiments and the analysis of hundreds of cell samples of patients and healthy controls in the EuroFlow centers have provided for the first time laboratory protocols and software tools for fully standardized 8-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping of normal and malignant leukocytes in bone marrow and blood; this has yielded highly comparable data sets, which can be integrated in a single database.
Nothing to Cough At
Authors: Paul B. Cornia, Benjamin A. Lipsky, Sanjay Saint, Ralph Gonzales
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 73-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of nonproductive cough that worsened at night. He did not have fever, chills, headache, myalgia, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sore throat, hemoptysis, chest pain, or dyspnea.
Bandage: The free, paperless, open source, integrated patient data management system
Authors: Angus Joyce, Sarah Aldugman, Thomas Bottomley, Natasha Castellino, Pavlos Christodoulo, Dominik Dotzauer, Mohammed Kamal, Farhana Kapasi, Omid Sadeghi-Alavijeh, Jane Sanders, Adam Sawyer, Abeda Sultana, Ismail Vokshi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
The Typhoid Mortality of Savannah.
Authors: John S. Fulton
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Baltimore, May 21, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you kindly give me space to correct an error in my article on "Typhoid Fever" inThe Journal, Jan. 9, 1904? In classifying more than 3,000 American cities with reference to population and typhoid mortality, I have assigned far too high a mortality to Savannah. The error arose by losing the line of figures in the census reports and taking as the mortality of Savannah the figures one step to the right of Savannah's place. The error changes the average for the 45 cities in Savannah's group nearly ten points. It does not alter the evidence that typhoid fever mortality in cities has a generally inverse ratio to population, but the mistake gives Savannah a bad eminence, which it by no means deserved. So far from deserving the distinction of the highest typhoid rate, Savannah is, in fact, conspicuous among cities of
Effect of aerobic exercise on overweight male students
Authors: Kaukab Azeem, Seemab Azeem
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of aerobic exercise on the body mass index and anthropometric measurements of overweight students of KFUPM, Saudi Arabia. Pre- and post-tests were administered on a group of 25 overweight students in their first semester in the college for physical education at KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia for the academic year 2009. The objectives of the study were to find out the effect of aerobic exercise on the overweight student's body mass index (BMI) and the effect of aerobic exercise on the waist and hip circumference of the subjects. The statistical tools used for the above study were mean, SD and ‘t’ test. As a result of the analysis it was found that the overweight students lost body weight, which ultimately helped them to reach the normal weight range of BMI (19.5–25) – an encouraging sign. The analysis with regard to the effect of aerobic exercise on anthropometric measurements also showed significant difference in the reduction of the circumference of the waist and hip girth in the both cases.
BMJ should review its policy on reprints
Authors: D. Cummins, R. M Osborn
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Richard Smith and Tony Delamothe wish to further the dream of their distant predecessors who wrote: “Those whom seas sever and distances divide the BMJ now joins in close communion andfrequent converse on common… scientific interests.”1 We wonder how they reconcile these sentiments with the BMJ Publishing Group's policy of charging authors for reprints of published articles.

Reprints are vital in parts of the world …