tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Postoperative Mortality
Authors: Jeffrey L. Carson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-The risks of blood transfusion have been studied extensively but the benefits and the hemoglobin concentration at which patients should receive a transfusion have not.Objective.-Todetermine the effect of perioperative transfusion on 30-and 90day postoperative mortality.Design.-Retrospective cohort study.Setting.-A total of 20 US hospitals between 1983 and 1993.Participants.-A total of 8787 consecutive hip fracture patients, aged 60 years or older, who underwent surgical repair.Main Outcome Measures.-Primaryoutcome was 30-day postoperative mortality; secondary outcome was 90-day postoperative mortality.The "trigger" hemoglobin level was defined as the lowest hemoglobin level prior to the first transfusion during the time period or, for patients in the nontranfused group, as the lowest hemoglobin level during the time period.Results.-Overall 30-day mortality was 4.6% (n=402; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1%-5.0%);overall 90-day mortality was 9.0% (n=788; 95% CI, 8.4%-9.6%).A total of 42% of patients (n=3699) received a postoperative transfusion.Among patients with trigger hemoglobin levels between 80 and 100 g/L (8.0 and 10.0 g/dL), 55.6% received a transfusion, while 90.5% of patients with hemoglobin levels less than 80 g/L (8.0 g/dL) received postoperative transfusions.Postoperative transfusion did not influence 30-or 90-day mortality after adjusting for trigger hemoglobin level, cardiovascular disease, and other risk factors for death: for 30-day mortality, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.74-1.26);for 90-day mortality, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.90-1.29).Similarly, 30-day mortality after surgery did not differ between those who received a preoperative transfusion and those who did not (adjusted OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.81-1.89).Conclusions.-Perioperativetransfusion in patients with hemoglobin levels 80 g/L (8.0 g/dL) or higher did not appear to influence the risk of 30-or 90-day mortality in this elderly population.At hemoglobin concentrations of less than 80 g/L (8.0 g/dL), 90.5% of patients received a transfusion, precluding further analysis of the association of transfusion and mortality.
Probiotic and postbiotic activity in health and disease: comparison on a novel polarised ex-vivo organ culture model
Authors: Katerina Tsilingiri, Theolis Barbosa, Giuseppe Penna, Flavio Caprioli, Angelica Sonzogni, Giuseppe Viale, Maria Rescigno
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Probiotics and their metabolic products, here called postbiotics, have been proposed as food supplements for a healthier intestinal homeostasis, but also as therapeutic aids in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with, however, very little clinical benefit. This may be due to the lack of reliable preclinical models for testing the efficacy of different strains. <h3>Methods</h3> The activity of three probiotic strains of <i>Lactobacillus</i> (or a postbiotic) was analysed and compared with a pathogenic strain of <i>Salmonella</i> on a novel organ culture system of human healthy and IBD intestinal mucosa developed in our laboratory. The system maintains an apical to basolateral polarity during stimulation due to the presence of a glued cave cylinder. The cylinder is detached at the end of the experiment and the tissue is processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. Cytokines released from the basolateral side are analysed. <h3>Results</h3> The model system provides several physiological characteristics typical of a mucosal microenvironment including the presence of an organised mucus layer and an apical to basolateral polarity. Polarised administration of bacteria is critical to control the ensuing immune response as it mimics the physiological entrance of bacteria. The authors show that probiotics are not always beneficial for the healthy host and can also be detrimental in inflamed IBD. This study shows that a potent postbiotic can protect against the inflammatory properties of invasive <i>Salmonella</i> on healthy tissue and also downregulate ongoing inflammatory processes in IBD tissue. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Probiotics can have inflammatory activities in both healthy and IBD tissue. Valid preclinical data on proper model systems should therefore be obtained before specific probiotic strains enter the clinics, especially if administered during acute inflammatory responses. Postbiotics may be a safe alternative for the treatment of patients with IBD in the acute inflammatory phase.
Rapid destruction of the hip joint in osteoarthritis
Authors: T Yamamoto, R Schneider, Y Iwamoto, P G Bullough
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) and PAH are closely related and cardiac catheterisation is needed to confirm their diagnosis. The aim of the present work was to investigate of the extent of overlap between CAD and PAH in patients with SSc. <h3>Methods:</h3> Based on non-invasive investigations, 20 patients out of 120 were suspected to have PAH (“suspected PAH” group). Another 10 patients showed signs of coronary disease (“suspected CAD” Group). In these 30 patients, right heart catheterisation and coronary angiography were performed, and the coronary flow reserve (CFR) was assessed by thermodilution technique. <h3>Results:</h3> In the “suspected PAH” and the “suspected CAD” groups, PAH was found in 12/20 and 2/10 cases, and coronary artery stenosis in 9/20 and 6/10 cases, respectively. Severely reduced CFR was revealed in 7/20 and 3/10 cases, respectively. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> PAH, CAD and reduced CFR all show a considerable overlap in symptomatic patients with SSc. The current non-invasive investigations are neither sensitive nor specific enough to make an appropriate distinction between these different disease manifestations. A more invasive approach, such as coronary angiography at the initial catheterisation, is required to properly characterise and treat the different forms of cardiac involvement in SSc.
Systemic and coronary perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: comparison of manual sternal and automatic circumferential compression by an automatic vest
Authors: E. Eeckhout, H. Tevaerai, X. Mueller, D. Jegger, M. Augstburger, L. von Segesser, J.-J. Goy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Higher FOXP3-TSDR demethylation rates in adjacent normal tissues in patients with colon cancer were associated with worse survival
Authors: Changhua Zhuo, Zhiyuan Li, Ye Xu, Yuwei Wang, Qingguo Li, Junjie Peng, Hongtu Zheng, Peng Wu, Bin Li, Sanjun Cai
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

The influence of natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) on the patients with colon cancer is unclear. Demethylated status of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) of the FOXP3 gene was reported to be a potential biomarker for the identification of nTregs. The demethylation rate of the TSDR (TSDR-DMR) was calculated by using methylation-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MS-qPCR) assay. The expression of TSDR-DMR and FOXP3 mRNA was investigated in various colorectal cancer cell lines. A total of 130 colon carcinoma samples were utilized to study the DMR at tumor sites (DMRT) and adjacent normal tissue (DMRN). The correlations between DMRs and clinicopathological variables of patients with colon cancer were studied. The TSDR-DMRs varied dramatically among nTregs (97.920 ± 0.466%) and iTregs (3.917 ± 0.750%). Significantly, DMRT (3.296 ± 0.213%) was higher than DMRN (1.605 ± 0.146%) (n = 130, p = 0.000). Higher DMRN levels were found in female patients (p = 0.001) and those with distant metastases (p = 0.017), and were also associated with worse recurrence-free survival in non-stage IV patients (low vs. high, p = 0.022). However, further Cox multivariate analysis revealed that the FOXP3-TSDR status does not have prognostic value. MS-qPCR assays of FOXP3-TSDR can efficiently distinguish nTregs from non-nTregs. Abnormal recruitment of nTregs occurs in the local tumor microenvironment. Infiltration of tissue-resident nTregs may have a negative role in anti-tumor effects in patients with colon cancer; however, this role is limited and complicated.
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Is an Endocrine Organ that Contributes to Increased Circulating Adiponectin during Caloric Restriction
Authors: William P. Cawthorn, Erica L. Scheller, Brian S. Learman, Sebastian D. Parlee, Becky R. Simon, Hiroyuki Mori, Xiaomin Ning, Adam J. Bree, Benjamin Schell, David T. Broome, Sandra S. Soliman, Jenifer L. DelProposto, Carey N. Lumeng, Aditi Mitra, Sandeep V. Pandit, Katherine A. Gallagher, Joshua D. Miller, Venkatesh Krishnan, Susanta K. Hui, Miriam A. Bredella, Pouneh K. Fazeli, Anne Klibanski, Mark C. Horowitz, Clifford J. Rosen, Ormond A. MacDougald
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Low-Dose Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Japanese Patients 60 Years or Older With Atherosclerotic Risk Factors
Authors: Yasuo Ikeda, Kazuyuki Shimada, Tamio Teramoto, Shinichiro Uchiyama, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Shinichi Oikawa, Masahiro Sugawara, Katsuyuki Ando, Mitsuru Murata, Kenji Yokoyama, Naoki Ishizuka
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is an important public health priority in Japan due to an aging population.To determine whether daily, low-dose aspirin reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events in older Japanese patients with multiple atherosclerotic risk factors.The Japanese Primary Prevention Project (JPPP) was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial. Patients (N = 14,464) were aged 60 to 85 years, presenting with hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes mellitus recruited by primary care physicians at 1007 clinics in Japan between March 2005 and June 2007, and were followed up for up to 6.5 years, with last follow-up in May 2012. A multidisciplinary expert panel (blinded to treatment assignments) adjudicated study outcomes.Patients were randomized 1:1 to enteric-coated aspirin 100 mg/d or no aspirin in addition to ongoing medications.Composite primary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes (myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular causes), nonfatal stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic, including undefined cerebrovascular events), and nonfatal myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes included individual end points.The study was terminated early by the data monitoring committee after a median follow-up of 5.02 years (interquartile range, 4.55-5.33) based on likely futility. In both the aspirin and no aspirin groups, 56 fatal events occurred. Patients with an occurrence of nonfatal stroke totaled 114 in the aspirin group and 108 in the no aspirin group; of nonfatal myocardial infarction, 20 in the aspirin group and 38 in the no aspirin group; of undefined cerebrovascular events, 3 in the aspirin group and 5 in the no aspirin group. The 5-year cumulative primary outcome event rate was not significantly different between the groups (2.77% [95% CI, 2.40%-3.20%] for aspirin vs 2.96% [95% CI, 2.58%-3.40%] for no aspirin; hazard ratio [HR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.77-1.15]; P = .54). Aspirin significantly reduced incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction (0.30 [95% CI, 0.19-0.47] for aspirin vs 0.58 [95% CI, 0.42-0.81] for no aspirin; HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.31-0.91]; P = .02) and transient ischemic attack (0.26 [95% CI, 0.16-0.42] for aspirin vs 0.49 [95% CI, 0.35-0.69] for no aspirin; HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.32-0.99]; P = .04), and significantly increased the risk of extracranial hemorrhage requiring transfusion or hospitalization (0.86 [95% CI, 0.67-1.11] for aspirin vs 0.51 [95% CI, 0.37-0.72] for no aspirin; HR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.22-2.81]; P = .004).Once-daily, low-dose aspirin did not significantly reduce the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, and nonfatal myocardial infarction among Japanese patients 60 years or older with atherosclerotic risk factors.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00225849.
Superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide induce hepatocyte death by different mechanisms: Involvement of JNK and ERK MAP kinases
Authors: Laura Conde de la Rosa, Marieke H. Schoemaker, Titia E. Vrenken, Manon Buist-Homan, Rick Havinga, Peter L.M. Jansen, Han Moshage
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
THE NURSING SERVICE AND THE AIMS OF A PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL: ORIENTATIONS OF WARD PERSONNEL TO THE CARE AND REHABILITATION OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: ELLIOT G. MISHLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

This study takes for granted that the welfare and recovery chances of patients in psychiatric hospitals are dependent, to a considerable extent, on the motivations and behavior of nursing service personnel. An approach to research on this problem which takes as its focus the personal involvement of ward personnel in the positive hospital goals of nursing care and rehabilitation is proposed. The concept of commitment is developed to describe this motivational pattern. This first report of an intensive study of the motivations of ward personnel in 2 state psychiatric hospitals is primarily concerned with the measurement of commitment. Two questions were constructed for this purpose. One asked for evaluations of the aims of nursing care and rehabilitation as hospital goals and the other for evaluations of these aims as personal goals. The original assumption that commitment to these 2 hospital goals is a unitary dimension finds no support in the results: It appears that individuals may be committed to both, either, or neither of the aims of nursing care and rehabilitation. The 2 questions are found to be consistent with each other. It is held that this justifies their continued use in further work as indices of an individual's commitment to the nursing care and/or rehabilitation of patients.
Carbohydrate recognition by boronolectins, small molecules, and lectins
Authors: Shan Jin, Yunfeng Cheng, Suazette Reid, Minyong Li, Binghe Wang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract Carbohydrates are known to mediate a large number of biological and pathological events. Small and macromolecules capable of carbohydrate recognition have great potentials as research tools, diagnostics, vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, and therapeutic agents. However, this potential is far from being realized. One key issue is the difficulty in the development of “binders” capable of specific recognition of carbohydrates of biological relevance. This review discusses systematically the general approaches that are available in developing carbohydrate sensors and “binders/receptors,” and their applications. The focus is on discoveries during the last 5 years. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 2, 171–257, 2010
Allergy markers in respiratory epidemiology
Authors: S. Baldacci, E. Omenaas, M.P. Oryszczyn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Assessing allergy by measurement of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibodies is fast and safe to perform. Serum antibodies can preferably be assessed in patients with dermatitis and in those who regularly use antihistamines and other pharmacological agents that reduce skin sensitivity. Skin tests represent the easiest tool to obtain quick and reliable information for the diagnosis of respiratory allergic diseases. It is the technique more widely used, specific and reasonably sensitive for most applications as a marker of atopy. Measurement of serum IgE antibodies and skin-prick testing may give complimentary information and can be applied in clinical and epidemiological settings. Peripheral blood eosinophilia is less used, but is important in clinical practice to demonstrate the allergic aetiology of disease, to monitor its clinical course and to address the choice of therapy. In epidemiology, hypereosinophilia seems to reflect an inflammatory reaction in the airways, which may be linked to obstructive airflow limitation.
Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Cadaver Organ Donors: Evidence for Low Transmission of Disease
Authors: David Roth, John A. Fernandez, Sharon Babischkin, Angelo De Mattos, B.E. Buck, Stella Quan, Les Olson, George W. Burke, Jose R. Nery, Violet Esquenazi, Eugene R. Schiff, Joshua Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪Objective: To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA among cadaver organ donors and to correlate these results with donor liver histologic abnormalities and evidence for transmission of disease through organ transplantation. ▪Design: Retrospective testing of stored serum samples from cadaver organ donors for anti-HCV and HCV RNA. ▪Setting: Transplantation service of the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center and other cooperative medical centers furnishing follow-up data. ▪Subjects: Of 1096 cadaver organ donors harvested between 1 January 1979 and 28 February 1991,484 had stored serum samples available for analysis. Recipients of organs from recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA)-positive donors for whom adequate follow-up was available were also included in the analysis. ▪Measurements: Samples were tested for anti-HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Confirmatory testing was done using a second-generation RIBA. Hepatitis C viral RNA was detected in serum using the polymerase chain reaction. Liver biopsies were obtained from the organ donor and interpreted blindly by a pathologist unaware of the clinical data. Liver chemistry profiles and serum sample analysis for HCV RNA were done for transplant recipients. ▪Results: From the 484 cadaver organ donors, 89 samples (18%; 95% Cl, 15% to 21%) were reactive by ELISA. Of these, 33 (6.8%; Cl, 4.6% to 9%) were RIBA seropositive. Hepatitis C viral RNA sequences were detected in 50% of the RIBA-positive serum samples tested. Liver tissue was available from 24 of the 33 RIBA-positive donors and showed chronic active hepatitis in 16, chronic persistent hepatitis in 2, and no abnormality in 6. Among the 46 recipients of a kidney from a RIBA-positive donor, 13 (28%; Cl, 15% to 41%) developed post-transplant liver disease, of which only 4 cases were highly suggestive of viral transmission from the donor. Little morbidity and no mortality could be attributed to liver disease in this cohort of recipients. ▪Conclusions: These data suggest that HCV transmission by organ transplantation is low and that the consequences of infection are small. If the medical condition of the potential recipient is so serious that other options no longer exist, the use of an organ from an anti-HCV-seropositive donor should be considered.
Short-Course Rifampin and Pyrazinamide Compared with Isoniazid for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Robert M. Jasmer, Jussi J. Saukkonen, Henry M. Blumberg, Charles L. Daley, John Bernardo, Eric Vittinghoff, Mark D. King, L. Masae Kawamura, Philip C. Hopewell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Rifampin and pyrazinamide are recommended for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in adults without HIV infection, but reports of severe hepatotoxicity have raised concerns about its safety. Clinical trials have not compared this treatment with isoniazid in adults without HIV infection.To compare the safety and tolerance of a 2-month regimen of rifampin and pyrazinamide with that of a 6-month regimen of isoniazid for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.Multicenter, prospective, open-label trial.Three urban public health tuberculosis clinics in the United States.589 adults with latent tuberculosis infection who met U.S. criteria for treatment.Patients were assigned in alternate weeks to receive rifampin and pyrazinamide daily for 2 months (n = 307) or isoniazid daily for 6 months (n = 282).Primary end points were hepatotoxicity, other adverse events, and percentage of patients who completed treatment.Sixteen of 207 (7.7%) patients assigned to rifampin and pyrazinamide developed grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity compared with 2 of 204 (1%) patients assigned to isoniazid (odds ratio, 8.46 [95% CI, 1.9 to 76.5]; P = 0.001). The rifampin plus pyrazinamide regimen was more likely than the isoniazid regimen to be discontinued because of hepatotoxicity (odds ratio, 5.19; P = 0.033). The overall percentage of nonhepatotoxic adverse events was 20% in the rifampin-pyrazinamide group and 16% in the isoniazid group. The proportion of patients who completed the study treatment was 61% and 57%, respectively.A 2-month regimen of rifampin and pyrazinamide was associated with an increased risk for grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity compared with a 6-month regimen of isoniazid. Liver enzymes should be measured routinely during treatment to screen for liver injury and prevent progression to severe toxicity.
Sublingual Nitroglycerin Used in Routine Tilt Testing Provokes a Cardiac Output-Mediated Vasovagal Response
Authors: Janneke Gisolf, Berend E. Westerhof, Nynke van Dijk, Karel H. Wesseling, Wouter Wieling, John M. Karemaker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Microregional Effects of Gemcitabine in HCT-116 Xenografts
Authors: Lynsey A. Huxham, Alastair H. Kyle, Jennifer H. E. Baker, Lani K. Nykilchuk, Andrew I. Minchinton
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

To examine the tumor microregional effects after gemcitabine administration to mice, we mapped the location of proliferating and hypoxic cells relative to vasculature in human colon cancer xenografts. The S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine was used as a surrogate of drug effect and administered 2 hours before tumor excision, whereas vessel position and perfusion were assessed via staining for CD31 and intravenous injection of carbocyanine, respectively. Hypoxia was detected using pimonidazole. Images of the four markers were overlaid to reveal the spatial relationship between proliferation, vasculature, and hypoxia and to examine the microregional effects. Within 1 day after administration of 240 mg/kg of gemcitabine, proliferation throughout the tumor was completely inhibited. Over time, a reemergence of dividing cells occurred in relation to the distance from vasculature. Microregional analysis revealed that cells located distal to vasculature commenced cycling sooner than cells located proximal to vasculature. A similar trend was seen after multiple doses of gemcitabine (40 mg/kg on days 1, 4, 7, and 10). The possibility that the effect of gemcitabine could be attributed to changes in oxygenation was discounted after examining the vessel perfusion and patterns of hypoxia. The effect of gemcitabine was examined in multilayered cell culture, and at doses <30 micromol/L, a gradient in proliferation between the exposed and unexposed sides was observed. We show a differential effect on cell proliferation in relation to vasculature and conclude that cells distal to blood vessels are less affected by gemcitabine probably because of limited penetration.
Prognostic factors affecting long-term outcome after stem cell transplantation in Hodgkin's lymphoma autografted after a first relapse
Authors: A. Sureda, M. Constans, A. Iriondo, R. Arranz, M.D. Caballero, M.J. Vidal, J. Petit, A. López, J.J. Lahuerta, E. Carreras, J. García-Conde, J. García-Laraña, R. Cabrera, I. Jarque, D. Carrera, J.C. García-Ruiz, M.J. Pascual, J. Rifón, J.M. Moraleda, K. Pérez-Equiza, C. Albó, J. Díaz-Mediavilla, A. Torres, P. Torres, J. Besalduch, J. Marín, M.V. Mateos, J.M. Fernández-Rañada, J. Sierra, E. Conde
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)