tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Stain in Time
Authors: Jeremy Jones, Hillar Vellend, Allan S. Detsky, Ophyr Mourad
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 45-year-old woman from northern Ontario presented to her local hospital with a 2-year history of asymmetric migratory arthralgias involving the left knee, ankles, elbows, and fingers. She also had morning stiffness, increasing fatigue, an erythematous, nonpruritic rash after sun exposure, and a 3-month history of chest pain that was relieved when she was in an upright position.
ESHAP--an effective chemotherapy regimen in refractory and relapsing lymphoma: a 4-year follow-up study.
Authors: W S Velasquez, P McLaughlin, S Tucker, F B Hagemeister, F Swan, M A Rodriguez, J Romaguera, E Rubenstein, F Cabanillas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE This study attempted to determine the efficacy of the combination of etoposide (VP-16), methyl-prednisolone, and cytarabine (Ara-C) with or without cisplatin in relapsing and refractory adult lymphoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The first 63 patients were randomized to receive VP-16 40 mg/m2/d for 4 days, methylprednisolone 500 mg intravenously daily for 5 days, and Ara-C 2 g/m2 intravenously over 2 to 3 hours on day 5 with or without cisplatin 25 mg/m2 IV administered by 24-hour infusion for 4 days (ESHA +/- P). Markedly different responses between ESHA (33%) and ESHAP (75%) led to deletion of the ESHA arm. A total of 122 patients on the ESHAP regimen were studied. RESULTS Forty-five patients (37%) attained a complete remission (CR) and 33 (27%) attained a partial remission (PR), for a total response rate of 64%. The median duration of CR was 20 months, with 28% of remitters still in CR at 3 years. The overall median survival duration was 14 months; the survival rate at 3 years was 31%. Overall time to treatment failure (TTF) showed 10% of all patients to be alive and disease-free at 40 months. Response and survival rates were similar in patients with low-grade (n = 34), intermediate-grade (n = 67), transformed (n = 18), and high-grade (n = 3) lymphoma. The most significant factors for response and survival by multivariate analysis were the serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level, tumor burden, and age (when analyzed as a continuous variable), while prior CR was highly significant by univariate analysis. A significant difference in survival was noted for patients with normal LDH levels and low- or intermediate-tumor burden or patients with low tumor burden and elevated LDH levels (55% 3-year survival rate) versus patients with elevated LDH levels and intermediate or high tumor burden (&lt; 20%). Major toxicities included myelosuppression, with a median granulocyte count of 500/microL and platelet count of 70,000/microL. CONCLUSION ESHAP was found to be an active, tolerable chemotherapy regimen for relapsing and refractory lymphoma. Applying a prognostic model based on tumor burden and serum LDH level shows significant differences in survival in this patient population.
Relationships of human antroduodenal motility and transpyloric fluid movement: non-invasive observations with real-time ultrasound.
Authors: P M King, R D Adam, A Pryde, W N McDicken, R C Heading
Journal: Gut (1984)

To study the relationships between gastric antral and proximal duodenal motor activity, and the movement of liquid across the pylorus, 10 healthy volunteers were given a test meal of dilute orange juice and bran, and events at the gastric outlet monitored by real-time ultrasound. A total of 116 complete gastric peristaltic cycles were observed and in 86% of these, associated proximal duodenal contractions were seen. Transpyloric fluid movement, as reflected by the movement of the bran particles, occurred as brief episodes during the time when the pylorus was open. Distal flow, in episodes lasting 2-4 seconds, was seen to occur in 81% of the 116 complete cycles and 75% of these episodes occurred just after the relaxation of the terminal antrum, pylorus, and proximal duodenum. The remainder occurred shortly before the terminal antral contraction. Retrograde flow, in episodes of up to 5 seconds, occurred in 78% of observed cycles with the majority occurring immediately before contraction of the terminal antrum. Our findings indicate that transpyloric fluid movement occurs in brief episodes lasting a few seconds only and that retrograde flow across the pylorus occurs in normal subjects. This pattern of fluid movement can bear no direct relationship to a steadily advancing antral peristaltic contraction, nor be wholly attributable to constant intragastric pressure.
Biological Defense Mechanisms. THE PRODUCTION BY LEUKOCYTES OF SUPEROXIDE, A POTENTIAL BACTERICIDAL AGENT
Authors: Bernard M. Babior, Ruby S. Kipnes, John T. Curnutte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

As a highly reactive substance produced in biological systems by the one-electron reduction of oxygen, superoxide (O(2) (-)) seemed a likely candidate as a bactericidal agent in leukocytes. The reduction of cytochrome c, a process in which O(2) (-) may serve as an electron donor, was found to occur when the cytochrome was incubated with leukocytes. O(2) (-) was identified as the agent responsible for the leukocyte-mediated reduction of cytochrome c by the demonstration that the reaction was abolished by superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that destroys O(2) (-), but not by boiled dismutase, albumin, or catalase. Leukocyte O(2) (-) production doubled in the presence of latex particles. The average rate of formation of O(2) (-) in the presence of these particles was 1.03 nmol/10(7) cells per 15 min. This rate, however, is only a lower limit of the true rate of O(2) (-) production, since any O(2) (-) which reacted with constituents other than cytochrome c would have gone undetected. Thus. O(2) (-) is made by leukocytes under circumstances which suggest that it may be involved in bacterial killing.
Methylation and Silencing of the Retinoic Acid Receptor- 2 Gene in Breast Cancer
Authors: M. Widschwendter, J. Berger, M. Hermann, H. M. Muller, A. Amberger, M. Zeschnigk, A. Widschwendter, B. Abendstein, A. G. Zeimet, G. Daxenbichler, C. Marth
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: A growing body of evidence supports the hypotheses that the retinoic acid receptor β2 (RAR-β2) gene is a tumor suppressor gene and that the chemopreventive effects of retinoids are due to induction of RAR-β2. RAR-β2 expression is reduced in many malignant tumors, and we examined whether methylation of RAR-β2 could be responsible for this silencing. Methods: RAR-β2 expression was studied by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) analysis in eight breast cancer cell lines that were either treated with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and subsequently with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) or left untreated. Sodium bisulfite genomic sequencing was used to determine the locations of 5-methylcytosines in the RAR-β2 genes of three of these cell lines. In 16 breast cancer biopsy specimens and non-neoplastic breast tissue, methylation-specific PCR was used to determine the methylation status of RAR-β2, and, in 13 of the specimens, RT–PCR analysis was used to detect RAR-β2 expression. Results: Cell lines SK-BR-3, T-47D, ZR-75-1, and MCF7 exhibited expression of RAR-β2 only after demethylation and treatment with ATRA. The first exon expressed in the RAR-β2 transcript was methylated in cell lines ZR-75-1 and SK-BR-3. Six breast cancer specimens showed methylation in the same region of the gene. No expression of RAR-β2 was found in any grade III lesion. An inverse association between methylation and gene expression was found in all grade II lesions. The RAR-β2 gene from non-neoplastic breast tissue was unmethylated and expressed. Conclusions: Methylation of the RAR-β2 gene may be an initial step in breast carcinogenesis; treatment of cancer patients with demethylating agents followed by retinoic acid may offer a new therapeutic modality.
Surgeons call for identity of knife crime victims to be shared with police
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland is calling for all hospital accident and emergency departments to share information about knife crime with the police as “standard practice”—including non-anonymised data such as the victim’s identity.

At the moment about 100 A&E departments in the United Kingdom, around two thirds of the total, have started logging details of violent injuries and sharing this information with the police, although only 50 are sharing their data fully.

But in a consensus statement this week from the first joint surgical and police conference on knife crime, the association and the …
Allergen-Induced Late Cutaneous Responses Are Associated with Elevated CD3+CCR4+ Cells and no Change in CD3+CCR3+ or CD3+CCR8+ Cells
Authors: S.C. Martins, K.T. Nouri-Aria, G.K. Banfield, M.R. Jacobson, H. Watanabe, S. Radulovic, D.S. Robinson, C.M. Lloyd, S.R. Durham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Human antibodies reactive with beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: F Gaskin, J Finley, Q Fang, S Xu, S M Fu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Four human B cell lines established by Epstein-Barr viral transformation of B cells from a patient with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were found to secrete antibodies that react with plaques and cerebrovascular blood vessels in AD brain in a staining profile characteristic of beta-amyloid protein (beta-AP) in AD brain. Two of these antibodies were shown to be reactive with a rare plaque in a normal brain. In these studies, immunofluorescence and avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase methodology were used to determine antibody reaction, and thioflavine S was used to double label amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles. The four antibodies also reacted with neurons in normal and AD brain. Absorption studies, dot immunoblots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with beta-amyloid peptides 1-28 (beta-A1-28) and 1-40 (beta-A1-40) indicate the major determinant of the reactive epitope is located in the region of amino acids 1-28 of beta-AP. However, inhibition studies demonstrate a significant contribution to the antigenic determinant by the 29-40 region of the beta-A1-40. These antibodies represent the first human autoantibodies against beta-AP. The pathological significance of these autoantibodies is discussed.
Rho Kinases in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
Authors: Gervaise Loirand, Patrice Guérin, Pierre Pacaud
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Rho kinases (ROCKs) are the first and the best-characterized effectors of the small G-protein RhoA. In addition to their effect on actin organization, or through this effect, ROCKs have been found to regulate a wide range of fundamental cell functions such as contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Abnormal activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway has been observed in major cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. This review, based on recent molecular, cellular, and animal studies, focuses on the current understanding of ROCK signaling and its roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.
Does Waist Circumference Predict Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Beyond Commonly Evaluated Cardiometabolic Risk Factors?
Authors: Peter M. Janiszewski, Ian Janssen, Robert Ross
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

While the measurement of waist circumference (WC) is recommended in current clinical guidelines, its clinical utility was questioned in a recent consensus statement. In response, we sought to determine whether WC predicts diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) beyond that explained by BMI and commonly obtained cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure, lipoproteins, and glucose.Subjects consisted of 5,882 adults from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is nationally representative and cross-sectional. Subjects were grouped into sex-specific WC and BMI tertiles. Blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and glucose were categorized using standard clinical thresholds. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds for diabetes and CVD according to WC tertiles.After controlling for basic confounders, the medium and high WC tertiles were more likely to have diabetes and CVD compared with the low WC tertile (P < 0.05). After inclusion of BMI and cardiometabolic risk factors in the regression models, the magnitude of the odds ratios were attenuated (i.e., for diabetes the magnitude decreased from 6.54 to 5.03 for the high WC group) but remained significant in the medium and high WC tertiles for the prediction of diabetes, though not for CVD.WC predicted diabetes, but not CVD, beyond that explained by traditional cardiometabolic risk factors and BMI. The findings lend critical support for the recommendation that WC be a routine measure for identification of the high-risk, abdominally obese patient.
Compensating occupational asthma.
Authors: D J Hendrick, L Fabbri
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Compensating occupational asthmaEarly in 1982, occupational asthma will become a prescribed disease in Britain under the terms of the Social Security Act (1975).1This is important legislation because occupational asthma is becoming increasingly common as society uses more and more respirable reactive chemicals in its industries.At the same time pneumoconiosis is becoming less common, and it is likely that it will soon give way to asthma as the most frequently compensated occupational disease of the lungs.Compared with pneumoconiosis, there are a number of difficult problems that may confound attempts to define and recognise occupational asthma.The most obvious include the absence of a definitive chest radiograph and the fact that asthma is a common disease in the population at large.Coincidence alone may therefore be responsible for its development or recurrence in an individual indus- trial worker.In their report to the Secretary of State for Social Services, the members of the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council defined occupational asthma as "asthma which develops after a variable period of symptomless exposure to a sensitising agent at work".The probability of such development being related causally to the sensitising agent in question depends, of course, on the sensitising potency of the agent and its respirable concentration in the working environment.The Council took a conservative stance, and for the purposes of the Act prescribed seven groups of industrial agents that ex- pert opinion considered the most clearly established causes of occupational asthma.These comprised: platinum salts, isocyanates, epoxy resins, colophony fumes, proteolytic enzymes, laboratory animals and insects, and grain (or flour) dust-agents that in general are potent sensitisers or are encountered at high levels of exposure.The Council recognised that additional agents may need to be prescribed under the Act, and recommended the situation be kept under continual review.It has become popular in recent years to regard clinical asthma as the result of an interaction between (non-specific) bronchial hyperreactivity and
Axillary Sentinel Lymph Nodes Can Be Falsely Positive Due to Iatrogenic Displacement and Transport of Benign Epithelial Cells in Patients With Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Ira J. Bleiweiss, Chandandeep S. Nagi, Shabnam Jaffer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for cytokeratins (CK) is common practice in evaluating sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast carcinoma. IHC positivity typically indicates metastasis. SLN procedures are increasingly common in patients with pure intraductal carcinoma (DCIS). Iatrogenic epithelial cell displacement and benign transport of breast epithelial cells into axillary lymph nodes are recently described phenomena. We report 25 cases in which these factors probably resulted in benign epithelial cells in axillary SLNs (ie, false positivity).We reviewed 25 cases of CK-positive SLNs in which the epithelial cells had histologic and IHC characteristics different from their respective patients' underlying breast carcinomas.In all cases, the cytologic features of the epithelial cells in the SLNs were benign, and 22 matched those of corresponding intraductal papillomas that were involved by or were separate from the DCIS in the original cores or surgical biopsies. Fifteen cases were pure DCIS; most invasive tumors were smaller than 1.0 cm. In six carcinomas (DCIS) showing strong Her-2/neu staining, the corresponding epithelial cells in the SLNs were negative. In 13 tumors that were strongly and uniformly positive for estrogen receptor (ER), the cytokeratin-positive cells in the SLNs were negative for ER. Nineteen cases showed benign epithelial cell displacement at the biopsy site.Epithelial cells in SLNs may result from transport of displaced cells, usually originating in intraductal papillomas. Positive immunohistochemical results in SLNs should be interpreted with extreme caution to avoid automatically concluding that such cells represent metastasis. Sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma can be falsely positive.
HPV DNA, E6/E7 mRNA, and p16INK4a detection in head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cathy Ndiaye, Marisa Mena, Laia Alemany, Marc Arbyn, Xavier Castellsagué, Louise Laporte, F Xavier Bosch, Silvia de Sanjosé, Helen Trottier
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Correlation between amount of epicardial fat and A-FABP level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Milan Sova, Eliska Sovova, Milada Hobzova, Jana Zapletalova, Vitezslav Kolek
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Epicardial fat (EPI) is a local deposit of visceral adipose tissue. Its occurrence is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and malignant neoplasm. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) is a member of family of 9 proteins binding fatty acids, which are produced by adipocytes and macrophages. It has been well defined, that A-FABP level and also amount of epicardial fat could correlate with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.   Material and Methods:  66 patients (60 men) of average age 57.5 years with OSA diagnosed by polysomnography (average apnea- hypopnea index- AHI 54.7) were included. Physical examination and echocardiography (GE Vivid 7), with assessment of EPI amount were performed in all patients. A-FABP levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (BioVendor, Czech Republic).   Results:  EPI was present in 58 patients (87.7%). The average thickness of EPI was 6 mm (1-21 mm). The median level of A-FABP was 27.06 ng/ml (10.76- 102.14). The amount of EPI had slightly correlated with plasma A-FABP level (0.318). The prevalence of EPI have not correlated with any of following parameters (BMI- p= 0.889, % of body fat- p= 0.512, neck circumference- p= 0.901, waist circumference- p= 0.669, hip circumference- p= 0.654, Epworth sleepiness scale- p= 0.473, AHI- p= 0.875, average night blood oxygen saturation- p= 0.938, oxygen desaturation index- p= 0.220).   Conclusion:  We have found slight correlation between amount of epicardial fat and A-FABP level. Prevalence of epicardial fat in patients with severe OSA is also high.
Autoantibodies against liver-specific membrane lipoprotein in acute and chronic liver diseases: studies on organ-, species-, and disease-specificity
Authors: M Manns, K-H M. Z. Buschenfelde, G Hess
Journal: Gut (1980)

A double antibody radioimmunoprecipitation test was used to detect anti-human LSP, anti-rabbit LSP, and autoantibodies against the human kidney equivalent of LSP (anti-HKP) in patients' serum. Anti-human LSP was found in 27/62 cases with chronic active liver disease (CALD), 9/16 cases with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), and 14/33 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH), 2/10 patients with ;inactive' cirrhosis of the liver (Ci), 4/14 patients with alcohol induced liver disease (ALD), 1/7 patients with miscellaneous liver diseases (MLD), and in 6/58 patients with primary non-hepatic autoimmune disease (PNHA). Frequencies of anti-LSP did not depend on HBsAg status. Anti-rabbit LSP was detected in only 9% of patients with AVH as compared with 42% for anti-human LSP. No such difference was observed in the other groups of patients. Anti-HKP was found in 6/62 patients with CALD, 1/7 patients with MLD, and 2/58 patients with PNHA; no anti-HKP occurred in patients with CPH, AVH, ALD, and Ci. The frequency of anti-LSP was not correlated with the presence of non-organ-specific autoantibodies in patients with CALD; furthermore, no correlation with sex-distribution, age, gammaglobulin levels, and SGOT occurred in this group of patients. No correlation existed between anti-LSP and liver membrane autoantibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence on isolated rabbit hepatocytes (LMA). The reported data show that naturally occurring anti-LSP, characteristic for acute and chronic inflammatory liver diseases, are mostly directed against organ-specific determinants of the LSP complex. It is suggested that the occurrence of antibodies to species-specific determinants of LSP reflects a transient state of autoimmunity. The LMA immunofluorescence test seems to detect antibodies against other liver membrane antigens as well as LSP.
Complement mediates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of a human T cell line in a CD4- and antibody-independent fashion.
Authors: V Boyer, C Desgranges, M A Trabaud, E Fischer, M D Kazatchkine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Incubation of the human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-IIIB and HTLV-RF strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with normal seronegative human serum under conditions that allow complement activation resulted in enhancement of infection of the MT2 human T cell line cultured in the presence of low amounts of virus. Infection of MT2 cells was assessed by measuring reverse transcriptase activity in supernatants at day 9 of culture. Complement activation by viral suspensions occurred through the alternative pathway. Opsonization of HTLV-RF viral particles with complement was sufficient to allow a productive infection to occur in cells exposed to suboptimal amounts of virus. Infection of MT2 cells with suboptimal amounts of serum-opsonized HIV-1 was suppressed by blocking the C3dg receptor (CR2, CD21) on MT2 cells with monoclonal anti-CR2 antibody and rabbit F(ab')2 anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies. Blocking of the gp120-binding site on CD4 under similar experimental conditions had no inhibitory effect on infection of MT2 cells with opsonized virus. Opsonization of HIV-1 with seronegative serum also resulted in a CR2-mediated enhancement of the infection of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T lymphocytes. These results indicate that complement in the absence of antibody may enhance infection of C3 receptor-bearing T cells with HIV-1, and that the interaction of opsonized virus with the CR2 receptor may result by itself in the infection of target T cells in a CD4- and antibody-independent fashion.