tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Menin Links Estrogen Receptor Activation to Histone H3K4 Trimethylation
Authors: Koen M.A. Dreijerink, Klaas W. Mulder, G. Sebastiaan Winkler, Jo W.M. Höppener, Cornelis J.M. Lips, H.Th. Marc Timmers
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The product of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) tumor suppressor gene, menin, is an integral component of MLL1/MLL2 histone methyltransferase complexes specific for Lys4 of histone H3 (H3K4). We show that menin is a transcriptional coactivator of the nuclear receptors for estrogen and vitamin D. Activation of the endogenous estrogen-responsive TFF1 (pS2) gene results in promoter recruitment of menin and in elevated trimethylation of H3K4. Knockdown of menin reduces both activated TFF1 (pS2) transcription and H3K4 trimethylation. In addition, menin can directly interact with the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in a hormone-dependent manner. The majority of disease-related MEN1 mutations prevent menin-ERα interaction. Importantly, ERα-interacting mutants are also defective in coactivator function. Our results indicate that menin is a critical link between recruitment of histone methyltransferase complexes and nuclear receptor–mediated transcription. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4929-35)
Biotransformation enzymes in the rodent nasal mucosa: the value of a histochemical approach.
Authors: M S Bogdanffy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

An increasing number of chemicals have been identified as being toxic to the nasal mucosa of rats. While many chemicals exert their effects only after inhalation exposure, others are toxic following systemic administration, suggesting that factors other than direct deposition on the nasal mucosa may be important in mechanisms of nasal toxicity. The mucosal lining of the nasal cavity consists of a heterogeneous population of ciliated and nonciliated cells, secretory cells, sensory cells, and glandular and other cell types. For chemicals that are metabolized in the nasal mucosa, the balance between metabolic activation and detoxication within a cell type may be a key factor in determining whether that cell type will be a target for toxicity. Recent research in the area of xenobiotic metabolism in nasal mucosa has demonstrated the presence of many enzymes previously described in other tissues. In particular, carboxylesterase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytochromes P-450, epoxide hydrolase, and glutathione S-transferases have been localized by histochemical techniques. The distribution of these enzymes appears to be cell-type-specific and the presence of the enzyme may predispose particular cell types to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to chemical-induced injury. This paper reviews the distribution of these enzymes within the nasal mucosa in the context of their contribution to xenobiotic metabolism. The localization of the enzymes by histochemical techniques has provided important information on the potential mechanism of action of esters, aldehydes, and cytochrome P-450 substrates known to injure the nasal mucosa.
Increased ureteral back pressure enhances renal tubular sodium reabsorption
Authors: Milford Fulop, Paul Brazeau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Moderate increases of ureteral back pressure usually cause decreases of glomerular filtration rate and even greater decreases of sodium excretion. It has been assumed previously that increased ureteral back pressure does not enhance renal tubular sodium reabsorption directly and that the decreases of sodium excretion are caused by the decreases of glomerular filtration rate. In the experiments reported here, the effect of increased ureteral back pressure on urinary sodium excretion was studied in dogs in which changes of filtration rate were minimized by infusing saline while ureteral back-pressure was increased. When ureteral back pressure was increased on one side by 10-23 cm of water, the inulin clearance of the experimental kidney decreased by only 3-12% in 21 experiments, did not change significantly (+/-2%) in eight experiments, and increased by 3-8% in seven experiments. The sodium excretion of the experimental kidney decreased in all experiments regardless of whether its inulin clearance increased, decreased, or was unchanged from control values. When the inulin clearance of the experimental kidney increased or remained unchanged during increased ureteral back pressure, its reabsorption of sodium increased more than could be accounted for by the increase of filtered sodium. When the inulin clearance of the experimental kidney decreased during increased ureteral back pressure, its reabsorption of sodium decreased less than could be accounted for by the decrease of filtered sodium.Therefore, the effect of increased ureteral back pressure to decrease urinary sodium excretion is caused in part by increased tubular reabsorption of sodium.
THE SURGEON AND THE RESEARCH LABORATORY
Authors: A. F. JONAS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The advance of modern medicine and surgery is due to the casting off of the garments of preconceived hypotheses of bygone ages; a contempt for philosophic dogmas and a disregard for systems of practice not founded on the observations and elucidation of natural phenomena that are governed by definite and fixed laws. These laws have been revealed to us by scientific research, so that speculation by induction had to give way to a science based on objective observation. As our science broadened and became well founded, the art of surgery became highly developed, so much so that its operative possibilities appeared almost limitless. We must agree with David Starr Jordan when he says: "All art is based on science. Science is human experience tested and set in order. Art is knowledge in action. An art which is not based on knowledge becomes a mystery or trade. Sound medicine must rest
1028-63 Cardiac Troponin T as a Marker for Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia in Noncardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Bernd W. Böttiger, Mark Schweizer, Peter Teschendort, Georg Rehmert, René Gust, Johann Motsch, Eike Martin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Acute administration of estrogen improves coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine in men
Authors: Roger S. Blumenthal, Sean T. Gloth, Steven E. Reis, Alan W. Heldman, Jon R. Resar, Vicki J. Coombs, Gary Gerstenblith, Jeffrey A. Brinker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Effects of alteplase beyond 3 h after stroke in the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial (EPITHET): a placebo-controlled randomised trial
Authors: Stephen M Davis, Geoffrey A Donnan, Mark W Parsons, Christopher Levi, Kenneth S Butcher, Andre Peeters, P Alan Barber, Christopher Bladin, Deidre A De Silva, Graham Byrnes, Jonathan B Chalk, John N Fink, Thomas E Kimber, David Schultz, Peter J Hand, Judith Frayne, Graeme Hankey, Keith Muir, Richard Gerraty, Brian M Tress, Patricia M Desmond
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2008)
A longitudinal study of in vitro tests for lymphocyte function in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: J. S. Percy, P. Davis, A. S. Russell, E. Brisson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

In vitro tests of lymphocyte function have been performed in 61 patients with ;classical' or ;definite' rheumatoid arthritis. In vitro lymphocyte function was assessed by lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), Candida antigen, and herpes simplex type I (HSV1). Follow up data were available after 6 months of treatment in 32 of these patients. Spontaneous lymphocyte transformation was assessed in all patients. Results obtained in patients with rheumatoid arthiritis were compared to those seen in a normal control population. Disease activity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was assessed using standard clinical methods. Lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed a similar degree of spontaneous transformation to that seen in normal subjects. In contrast, lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis responded less well to PHA and Candida and HSV1 antigens when compared to normal patients. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis the response to PWM was markedly enhanced compared to normals. Clinical improvement was noted in 19 of the 32 patients seen at follow up, all of whom had received gold or penicillamine therapy. The abnormal responses of PHA and PWM seen before treatment became normal in those patients who improved clinically. The responses to Candida and HSV1 antigens not only returned to normal following treatment but were increased above those seen in normal controls. A statistically significant association was seen between clinical improvement and improvement of in vitro tests of lymphocyte function.
Medical Student Abuse
Authors: Robert L. Nielsen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  The COMMENTARY entitled Medical Student Abuse by Rosenberg and Silver 1 places great reliance on 38 unsolicited comments from physicians who felt they were abused as medical students. This totally biased sample is as nonrepresentative as the questionnaire sent to medical students, all of whom are insecure. Unfortunately, there was no survey of physicians who did not respond spontaneously, who would be the most meaningful group that could be questioned. On the other hand, medical students are probably an inappropriate group to question, since all students feel themselves abused and put upon. The comment that medical students are not children but are vulnerable in a parallel way (to children) is specious and implies that the authors actually consider medical students to be children. Perhaps this is indeed the case, since the majority of medical students come from affluent families, have been raised according to the dogma of Dr
GpIbα-VWF blockade restores vessel patency by dissolving platelet aggregates formed under very high shear rate in mice
Authors: Audrey Le Behot, Maxime Gauberti, Sara Martinez De Lizarrondo, Axel Montagne, Eloïse Lemarchand, Yohann Repesse, Sylvain Guillou, Cécile V. Denis, Eric Maubert, Cyrille Orset, Denis Vivien
Journal: Blood (2014)
Effect of Chocolate on Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Wilfred Minkin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— The thoughtful study of Fulton et al (210:2071, 1969) has rather conclusively disproved the widely held belief that a significant proportion of acne patients will have their condition worsen after the ingestion of chocolate. However, what we have observed clinically, is that only a relatively small number of acne patients will have their condition exacerbate by any specified food, either chocolate, nuts, shellfish, etc, but, that in these patients the effect is consistent. Since the patients for the Fulton study were selected at random from the general acne population, the unusual patient whose acne might worsen from chocolate would be lost in the general weight of the combined statistics. It might be worthwhile for this type of investigation to be extended to a study of a specific group of patients who claim that their acne flares after the ingestion of chocolate.
Paradoxical sleep and schizophrenia have the same neurobiological support
Authors: Claude Gottesmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

During the paradoxical dreaming sleep stage, characterized by hallucinations and delusions, as in schizophrenia, the increased subcortical release of dopamine, the presynaptic inhibition of thalamic relay nuclei, and serotonergic disinhibition are in accordance with the model for the mechanism of hallucination-induction.
Thymopentin therapy reduces the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Donald Y.M. Leung, Robert L. Hirsch, Lynda Schneider, Curtis Moody, Roberto Takaoka, Shihua H. Li, Linda A. Meyerson, Shiferaw G. Mariam, Gideon Goldstein, Jon M. Hanifin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1990)
Preservation of fertility in adults and children diagnosed with cancer
Authors: R. Hart
Journal: BMJ (2008)

#### Summary points

In the United Kingdom each year 11 000 patients aged 15-40 years are diagnosed with cancer, and more than half of them will live for more than five years.1 2 Patients want quality of life, including the ability to have a family, and many request advice on fertility preservation. This review describes the fertility preservation techniques available and recent recommendations from the UK and the United States.3 4 5

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline and the Cochrane library using the keywords “cancer and fertility”, “chemotherapy and fertility and radiotherapy and fertility”, “fertility preservation”, “ovarian transposition”, “oocyte freezing/cryopreservation”, “sperm freezing/cryopreservation”. We also used information from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; the Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Radiologists, and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists working party; and the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduce the number of germ cells within the ovary and decrease testicular spermatogenesis; this reduction is related to the dose, agent used, and age at treatment. In addition, patients are at risk of permanent gonadal failure.3 4 The persistence of menstrual cycles after treatment does not preclude ovarian damage, and the preservation of testosterone production does not confirm the preservation of spermatogenesis.

UK and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines recommend that the implications of oncological treatment for fertility are discussed with patients.3 5 The need to refer for fertility …
Surfactant nebulization does not alter airflow obstruction and bronchial responsiveness to histamine in asthmatic children.
Authors: S B Oetomo, C Dorrepaal, H Bos, J Gerritsen, T W van der Mark, G H Koëter, W M van Aalderen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To test the hypothesis that surfactant nebulization improves pulmonary function and reduces bronchial responsiveness to histamine, we studied 12 children with asthma. We measured before and after inhalation of 100 mg nebulized natural-derived bovine surfactant (Alveofact (registered)) and after nebulization of 0.9% NaCl the change in peak expiratory flow, vital VC, FEV1, and forced expiratory flows at 50 and 75% of the flow-volume curve. In addition, we performed a histamine inhalation challenge. We did not find any significant changes in these parameters after nebulization of surfactant. These findings indicate that the inhalation of nebulized surfactant does not alter airflow obstruction and does not alter bronchial responsiveness to histamine in asthmatic children with airflow obstruction.
EU is urged to press for global ban on mercury
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The European Union is being urged to campaign for a global ban on the use of mercury, after a recent survey found that more than one in six women had mercury concentrations above what is widely accepted as safe. 

The “Stay healthy, stop mercury” campaign, which is coordinated by two pan-European non-governmental organisations—the Health and Environment Alliance and Health Care Without Harm—examined mercury concentrations in hair from more than 250 women aged between 18 and 45 years in 21 countries, mostly in Europe. 

The groups present the findings in their latest report, which showed that over 95% of the …
945 HISTOLOGICAL DEFINITIONS OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS IN A COHORT OF MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO BARIATRIC SURGERY: COMPARISON OF TWO CLASSIFICATIONS AND METABOLIC CORRELATES
Authors: M.V Machado, A. Costa, J. Coutinho, F. Carepa, N. Alves, H. Cortez-Pinto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
EARLY OPERATION FOR PERFORATION IN TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: Clarence L. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The accompanying illustration shows a separable cot-bed, primarily constructed for the humane transportation of sick and disabled on railroads, improvised ambulances, etc, Experiments with this bed have shown it to have a distinet value in hospital practice as well.Hiiiig' found a caseous nodule the size of a walnut.
Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality in the United States During the 20th Century
Authors: G L Armstrong, L A Conn, R W Pinner
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Recent increases in infectious disease mortality and concern about emerging infections warrant an examination of longer-term trends.To describe trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States during the 20th century.Descriptive study of infectious disease mortality in the United States. Deaths due to infectious diseases from 1900 to 1996 were tallied by using mortality tables. Trends in age-specific infectious disease mortality were examined by using age-specific death rates for 9 common infectious causes of death.Persons who died in the United States between 1900 and 1996.Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates.Infectious disease mortality declined during the first 8 decades of the 20th century from 797 deaths per 100000 in 1900 to 36 deaths per 100000 in 1980. From 1981 to 1995, the mortality rate increased to a peak of 63 deaths per 100000 in 1995 and declined to 59 deaths per 100000 in 1996. The decline was interrupted by a sharp spike in mortality caused by the 1918 influenza epidemic. From 1938 to 1952, the decline was particularly rapid, with mortality decreasing 8.2% per year. Pneumonia and influenza were responsible for the largest number of infectious disease deaths throughout the century. Tuberculosis caused almost as many deaths as pneumonia and influenza early in the century, but tuberculosis mortality dropped off sharply after 1945. Infectious disease mortality increased in the 1980s and early 1990s in persons aged 25 years and older and was mainly due to the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 25- to 64-year-olds and, to a lesser degree, to increases in pneumonia and influenza deaths among persons aged 65 years and older. There was considerable year-to-year variability in infectious disease mortality, especially for the youngest and oldest age groups.Although most of the 20th century has been marked by declining infectious disease mortality, substantial year-to-year variation as well as recent increases emphasize the dynamic nature of infectious diseases and the need for preparedness to address them.
P2-12-32: Association between Progranulin (GP88) Expression and Recurrence Risk for Breast Cancer Patients with Estrogen Receptor Positive Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.
Authors: G Serrero, DM Hawkins, O Ioffe, P Bejarano, JT Phillips, JF Head, RL Elliott, AK Godwin, J Weaver, B Yue
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: GP88 (progranulin) is a critical player of breast tumorigenesis for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Pathological studies showed that GP88 was expressed in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), but not in normal mammary tissue, benign lesions or lobular carcinoma. The present study examines GP88 prognostic significance in association with recurrence risk for patients with ER+ IDC. Patients and Methods: Two retrospective multi-site clinical studies examined GP88 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues in correlation with patients’ survival outcomes. The training study established a GP88 cut-off value associated with decreased disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survivals. The validation study verified the GP88 cut-off value and compared GP88 prognostic information with other prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. Results: GP88 expression is associated with a statistically significant increase in recurrence risk for ER+ IDC patients. The training study established that GP88 3+ score by IHC analysis was associated with decreased DFS (p=0.0004) and OS (p=0.0036). The independent validation study verified that GP88 3+ score for the high risk group and demonstrated that GP88 3+ score was associated with a 5.9-fold higher hazard of disease recurrence and a 2.5-fold higher mortality hazard compared to patients with tumor GP88&amp;lt;3+. GP88 remained an independent risk predictor after considering age, nodal status, tumor size, tumor grade, progesterone receptor expression, treatment and disease stage. Conclusion: Our training and validation studies demonstrate that the survival factor GP88 is a prognostic biomarker, predictive of recurrence risk and increased mortality for ER+ IDC patients, independent from other prognostic factors. These results provide support for measuring GP88 tissue expression for newly diagnosed early stage breast cancer patients. This work was supported by grants R43CA124179, and U01CA113916 from the National Cancer Institute, grants 07-2007-064 and 02-2010-010 from the Avon Foundation for Women. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-32.
Payers Probe Ways to Help Curb Risky Prescribing
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ultrasound Increases Plasmid-Mediated Gene Transfer to Dystrophic Muscles without Collateral Damage
Authors: Gawiyou Danialou, Alain S. Comtois, Roy W.R. Dudley, Josephine Nalbantoglu, Renald Gilbert, George Karpati, David H. Jones, Basil J. Petrof
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Studies have shown that ultrasound, used either alone or in combination with microbubble contrast agents, can increase cell membrane permeability to plasmid DNA. Because ultrasound is a non-painful and well-established tool in clinical medicine, its potential to enhance DNA uptake into the muscles of patients with muscular dystrophy is conceptually attractive. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of ultrasound pulses (1 MHz; 1.5 W/cm2) to increase exogenous (LacZ) gene expression in normal wild-type and dystrophic Dmd(mdx/mdx) mice after plasmid DNA injection into muscle. We also ascertained whether co-injection of lipid-encapsulated perfluoropropane microbubbles (Definity) or pretreatment with hyaluronidase could further increase the level of gene transfer to ultrasound-treated muscles. The use of ultrasound did not increase transfection efficiency in normal mice. In contrast, dystrophic mice demonstrated an increase in the number of transfected fibers (threefold) as well as the amount of LacZ protein (22-fold) after ultrasound exposure, provided that Definity was also co-injected with the DNA. Pretreatment of muscles with hyaluronidase before ultrasound exposure was not effective in augmenting the level of gene transfer. Under the optimal conditions for dystrophic muscle transfection (ultrasound + Definity), there was no associated increase in muscle damage. Hence ultrasound may provide a safe and effective method for enhancing gene transfer to dystrophic muscles, thereby increasing the prospects for therapeutic application of naked DNA in muscular dystrophy patients.