tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies in Relieving Cancer Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aditya Bardia, Debra L. Barton, Larry J. Prokop, Brent A. Bauer, Timothy J. Moynihan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Despite widespread popular use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, a rigorous evidence base about their efficacy for cancer-related pain is lacking. This is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating CAM therapies for cancer-related pain.RCTs using CAM interventions for cancer-related pain were abstracted using Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, and Cochrane database.Eighteen trials were identified (eight poor, three intermediate, and seven high quality based on Jadad score), with a total of 1,499 patients. Median sample size was 53 patients, and median intervention duration was 45 days. All studies were from single institutions, four had sample size justification, and none reported any adverse effects. Seven trials reported significant benefit for the following CAM therapies: acupuncture (n = 1), support groups (n = 2), hypnosis (n = 1), relaxation/imagery (n = 2), and herbal supplement/HESA-A (n = 1, but study was of low quality without control data). Seven studies reported immediate postintervention or short-term benefit of the following CAM interventions: acupuncture (n = 2), music (n = 1), herbal supplement/Ai-Tong-Ping (n = 1), massage (n = 1), and healing touch (n = 2). Four studies reported no benefit of CAM interventions (music, n = 2; massage, n = 2) in reducing cancer pain compared with a control arm.There is paucity of multi-institutional RCTs evaluating CAM interventions for cancer pain with adequate power, duration, and sham control. Hypnosis, imagery, support groups, acupuncture, and healing touch seem promising, particularly in the short term, but none can be recommended because of a paucity of rigorous trials. Future research should focus on methodologically strong RCTs to determine potential efficacy of these CAM interventions.
The Role of Childhood Interpersonal Trauma in Depersonalization Disorder
Authors: Daphne Simeon, Orna Guralnik, James Schmeidler, Beth Sirof, Margaret Knutelska
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: In contrast to trauma’s relationship with the other dissociative disorders, the relationship of trauma to depersonalization disorder is unknown. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the role of childhood interpersonal trauma in depersonalization disorder. METHOD: Forty-nine subjects with DSM-IV depersonalization disorder and 26 healthy comparison subjects who were free of lifetime axis I and II disorders and of comparable age and gender were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Childhood Trauma Interview, which measures separation or loss, physical neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, witnessing of violence, and sexual abuse. RESULTS: Childhood interpersonal trauma as a whole was highly predictive of both a diagnosis of depersonalization disorder and of scores denoting dissociation, pathological dissociation, and depersonalization. Emotional abuse, both in total score and in maximum severity, emerged as the most significant predictor both of a diagnosis of depersonalization disorder and of scores denoting depersonalization but not of general dissociation scores, which were better predicted by combined emotional and sexual abuse. The majority of the perpetrators of emotional abuse were either or both parents. Although different types of trauma were modestly correlated, only a few of these relationships were statistically significant, underscoring the importance of comprehensively considering different types of trauma in research studies. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood interpersonal trauma and, in particular, emotional abuse may play a role in the pathogenesis of depersonalization disorder. Compared to other types of childhood trauma, emotional maltreatment is a relatively neglected entity in psychiatric research and merits more attention.
Identification of KCNRG, a bronchial autoantigen, in a children with IPEX syndrome
Authors: Véronique Houdouin, Didier Chevenne, Cecile Raverdy, Souhir Zaoui, Bénedicte Neven, Nadia Tubiana, Mohammad Alimohammadi, Jean Claude Carel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

IPEX syndrome is a rare disorder of immune regulation caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene, which is required for the suppressive function of naturally arising CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells. It is associated with the presence of common autoantibodies associated with autoimmune disorders.  We report an infant, who manifested at first week after birth a type 1 diabetes mellitus and eczema. IPEX syndrome was confirmed by proved V408M mutation in the FOXP3 gene. At one month old he developped wheezing, cough, respiratory distress without infection. Despite treatment with salbutamol and budesonide nebulized, he was still symptomatic. High-resolution tomography scan showed hyperinflation, trapping, and ground-glass opacities. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage showed 1 350 000 cells/ml, with 65% alveolar macrophages without infection. Autoantibodies to KCNRG were present in serum at one month and still persist at nine months. Treatment with mycophenolate mofetil was started because of combination of severe diarrhea, persistent respiratory symptoms with an optimal nebulized corticotherapy. One month after the begining of immunosuppresive therapy the corticotherapy was reduced.  KCNRG, is a potassium channel regulating protein expressed in bronchial epithelial cells. The presence of this antibody was first decribed in the polyendocrine syndrome type 1. The presence of this antibody in an other autoimmune syndrome confirms the fact that KCNRG is a major bronchial autoantigen.The recognition of pulmonary autoimmunity, and its distinction from asthma is important because the autoimmune bronchiolitis in this case respond well to immunosuppression.
Prediction of All-Cause Mortality and Heart Failure Admissions From Global Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Mads Ersbøll, Nana Valeur, Ulrik Madvig Mogensen, Mads Jønsson Andersen, Jacob Eifer Møller, Eric J. Velazquez, Christian Hassager, Peter Søgaard, Lars Køber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
FDA puts restrictions on an institutional review board after secret investigation
Authors: J. Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The US Food and Drug Administration said last week that Coast Institutional Review Board, of Colorado Springs, Colorado, had agreed to stop some aspects of its operations in oversight of clinical trials because of “serious concerns about the company’s ability to protect human subjects participating in clinical trials.”

The FDA issued a warning letter to the company (www.fda.gov/cder/warn/2009/Coast\_IRB\_letter.pdf), and the company subsequently agreed that no new studies subject to certain requirements would be approved, and no new participants would be added to some ongoing studies.

“According to the company’s records, these actions may involve 300 active human research studies conducted by some 3000 clinical investigators,” the FDA said in a press release.

The issue began when the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the regulator of the US Congress, found that the institutional review board …
Factors affecting long-term survival (&gt;10 years) after cardiac transplantation in the cyclosporine era
Authors: Ranjit John, Hiranya A Rajasinghe, Silviu Itescu, Sanjeev Suratwalla, Katherine Lietz, Alan D Weinberg, Alfred Kocher, Donna M Mancini, Ronald E Drusin, Mehmet C Oz, Craig R Smith, Eric A Rose, Niloo M Edwards
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Place of the General Practitioner in the Obstetric Service
Authors: J. O. Woods
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A survey of perinatal mortality in Northern Ireland has shown that despite a progressive fall in the proportion of deliveries at home the perinatal mortality rate in domiciliary practice has risen in recent years. Overall, however, the perinatal mortality rate for all deliveries compares well with English figures. It seems that as the proportion of deliveries in hospital and general-practitioner obstetric unit rises a hard core of high risk patients is left who insist on delivery at home. Three prerequisites for good general-practice obstetrics are careful selection of cases, intelligent antenatal care, and close co-operation between the general practitioner and the consultant.
If vision is “veridical hallucination,” what keeps it veridical?
Authors: Peter Ulric Tse
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

If perception is constructed, what keeps perception from becoming mere hallucination unlinked to world events? The visual system has evolved two strategies to anchor itself and correct its errors. One involves completing missing information on the basis of knowledge about what most likely exists in the scene. For example, the visual system fills in information only in cases where it might be responsible for the data loss. The other strategy involves exploiting the physical stability of the environment as a reference frame with respect to which the eyes and body can move.
The Young Mouse Heart Is Composed of Myocytes Heterogeneous in Age and Function
Authors: Marcello Rota, Toru Hosoda, Antonella De Angelis, Michael L. Arcarese, Grazia Esposito, Roberto Rizzi, Jochen Tillmanns, Derin Tugal, Ezio Musso, Ornella Rimoldi, Claudia Bearzi, Konrad Urbanek, Piero Anversa, Annarosa Leri, Jan Kajstura
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The recognition that the adult heart continuously renews its myocyte compartment raises the possibility that the age and lifespan of myocytes does not coincide with the age and lifespan of the organ and organism. If this were the case, myocyte turnover would result at any age in a myocardium composed by a heterogeneous population of parenchymal cells which are structurally integrated but may contribute differently to myocardial performance. To test this hypothesis, left ventricular myocytes were isolated from mice at 3 months of age and the contractile, electrical, and calcium cycling characteristics of these cells were determined together with the expression of the senescence-associated protein p16 INK4a and telomere length. The heart was characterized by the coexistence of young, aged, and senescent myocytes. Old nonreplicating, p16 INK4a -positive, hypertrophied myocytes with severe telomeric shortening were present together with young, dividing, p16 INK4a -negative, small myocytes with long telomeres. A class of myocytes with intermediate properties was also found. Physiologically, evidence was obtained in favor of the critical role that action potential (AP) duration and I CaL play in potentiating Ca 2+ cycling and the mechanical behavior of young myocytes or in decreasing Ca 2+ transients and the performance of senescent hypertrophied cells. The characteristics of the AP appeared to be modulated by the transient outward K + current I to which was influenced by the different expression of the K + channels subunits. Collectively, these observations at the physiological and structural cellular level document that by necessity the heart has to constantly repopulate its myocyte compartment to replace senescent poorly contracting myocytes with younger more efficient cells. Thus, cardiac homeostasis and myocyte turnover regulate cardiac function.
Uptake and processing of [3h]retinoids in rat liver studied by electron microscopic autoradiography
Authors: Henk F. J. Hendriks, Edith Elhanany, Adriaan Brouwer, Margreet A. de Leeuw, Dick L. Knook
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The role of rat liver cell organelles in retinoid uptake and processing was studied by electron microscopic autoradiography. [ 3 H]Retinoids were administered either orally, to make an inventory of the cell organelles involved, or intravenously as chylomicron remnant constituents to study retinoid processing by the liver with time. No qualitative differences were observed between the two routes of administration. Time-related changes in the distribution of grains were studied using chylomicron remnant [ 3 H]retinoids. The percentages of grains observed over cells and the space of Disse at 5 and 30 min after administration were, respectively: parenchymal cells, 72.6 and 70.4%; fat-storing cells, 5.0 and 18.1%, and the space of Disse, 14.4 and 8.9%. Low numbers of grains were observed over endothelial and Kupffer cells. The percentages of grains observed over parenchymal cell organelles were, respectively: sinusoidal area., 59.6 and 34.4%; smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with glycogen, 13.8 and 13.4%; mitochondria, 5.4 and 13.6%; rough endoplasmic reticulum, 4.2 and 7.3%, and rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with mitochondria, 3.7 and 6.5%. It is concluded that chylomicron remnant [ 3 H]retinoids in combination with electron microscopic autoradiography provide a good system to study the liver processing of retinoids in vivo . These results, obtained in the intact liver under physiological conditions, further substantiate that retinoids are processed through parenchymal cells before storage occurs in fat-storing cell lipid droplets, that retinoid uptake is not mediated through lysosomes and that the endoplasmic reticulum is a major organelle in retinoid processing.
Intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori: an endoscopic bioptic study of the gastric antrum.
Authors: M E Craanen, W Dekker, P Blok, J Ferwerda, G N Tytgat
Journal: Gut (1992)

To study the relationship between intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori infection, 2274 gastroscopic antral biopsies taken from 533 patients were examined. Overall, intestinal metaplasia was found in 135 patients (25.3%) and H pylori in 289 patients (54.2%). The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and H pylori was age related, being more common in patients greater than or equal to 50 years compared with patients less than 50 years (intestinal metaplasia, p less than 0.001 and H pylori, p less than 0.05). Intestinal metaplasia was found more often in H pylori positive patients compared with H pylori negative patients (33.9% v 15.2%, p less than 0.001). The mean age of intestinal metaplasia positive patients who were also H pylori positive was 64 (13.3) years, whereas the mean age of intestinal metaplasia positive patients who were H pylori negative was 72 (14.7) years (p less than 0.005). The extent of intestinal metaplasia was not statistically different in the latter two groups. Although our data do not prove a causal relationship between H pylori infection and the histogenesis of intestinal metaplasia it is suggested that H pylori infection is an important factor in the development of intestinal metaplasia, which is generally recognised as a precursor lesion of intestinal type gastric carcinoma.
Medical Education Crisis?
Authors: J. David Bernard
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your EDITORIAL, "Medical Education: Is There a Crisis?" (223:1155, 1973), commenting on George L. Engel's thought-provoking article,<sup>1</sup>struck a responsive chord. I went back to reread the article and became incensed enough about the issue to join my voice with his and the many medical educators and Directors of Medical Education. We have been intimidated by the magic year 1975, by which time presumably we will have found that mysterious something that will allow the products of medical schools to define an ultimate goal in medicine as early as their third year! That this potion is lacking to date is evidenced by the many senior students hunting avidly for that nearly extinct animal—the Rotating "0" Internship. No medical school has succeeded in all instances in preparing its students for the career decision required upon graduation. Most assuredly, the MD degree does not guarantee that a young
Human keratinocyte culture. Identification and staging of epidermal cell subpopulations.
Authors: L Staiano-Coico, P J Higgins, Z Darzynkiewicz, M Kimmel, A B Gottlieb, I Pagan-Charry, M R Madden, J L Finkelstein, J M Hefton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Stratification of human epidermal cells into multilayered sheets composed of basal and suprabasal layers (resembling the stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum of the epidermis) was studied in a dermal component-free culture system. Although no stratum corneum developed in vitro, this culture system provided a method to study early events in human keratinocyte differentiation. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of acridine orange-stained epidermal cells from these cultures revealed three distinct subpopulations differing in cell size, RNA content, and cell cycle kinetics. The first subpopulation was composed of small basal keratinocytes with low RNA content and a long generation time. The second subpopulation consisted of larger keratinocytes, having higher RNA content and a significantly shorter generation time. Finally, the third subpopulation contained the largest cells, which did not divide, and represent the more terminally differentiated keratinocytes. This in vitro approach provides discriminating cytochemical parameters by which the maturity of the epidermal cell sheets can be assessed prior to grafting onto human burn patients.
Validity of enthesis ultrasound assessment in spondyloarthropathy
Authors: E de Miguel, T Cobo, S Muñoz-Fernández, E Naredo, J Usón, J C Acebes, J L Andréu, E Martín-Mola
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To develop an ultrasound enthesis score and to assess its validity in the diagnostic classification of the spondyloarthropathies (SpAs).Twenty-five patients with SpA and 29 healthy controls participated in a blinded, gender-matched, cross-sectional study involving ultrasound assessment. The following entheses were explored bilaterally: proximal plantar fascia, distal Achilles tendon, distal and proximal patellar ligament, distal quadriceps and brachial triceps tendons. The ultrasound score evaluated enthesis thickness, structure, calcifications, erosions, bursae and power Doppler signal. The value of each elemental lesion was calculated using a three-model analysis. Validity was analysed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Inter-reader and interexplorer intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated.The logistic regression model overestimated the score of three elemental lesions: calcification (0-3), Doppler (0 or 3) and erosion (0 or 3), while scoring tendon structure, tendon thickness and bursa as 0 or 1. ROC curves established an ultrasound score of >or=18 as the best cut-off point for differentiation between cases and controls. This cut-off point was exceeded by 5/29 controls (17%) and by 21/25 patients with SpA (84%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR-) were 83.3%, 82.8%, 4.8% and 0.2%, respectively. The inter-reader and interexplorer ICCs were 0.60 and 0.86, respectively.The findings suggest that the ultrasound enthesis score could be a valid tool in the diagnosis of SpA.
Nuclear localization of beta-catenin involved in precancerous change in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Kosei Ishida, Satoshi Ito, Naoyuki Wada, Hiroyo Deguchi, Tsuyoshi Hata, Masaru Hosoda, Tsutomu Nohno
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

Abstract Background Oral leukoplakia is a precancerous change developed in the oral mucosa, and the mechanism that oral leukoplakia becomes malignant through atypical epithelium is not known. Here we compared the β-catenin expression detected by immunohistochemical staining in the normal oral epithelium and in the oral leukoplakia with or without dysplasia. Results The normal oral epithelium showed β-catenin expression only in the cell membrane, but not in the nuclei. In the oral leukoplakia without dysplasia, 7 out of 17 samples (41%) showed β-catenin expression in the cell membrane, and 5 samples (29%) showed expression in the nuclei. In the oral leukoplakia with dysplasia, nuclear expression of β-catenin was shown in 11 out of 12 samples (92%). Incidence of nuclear β-catenin expression was significantly different between dysplasia and normal oral epithelium (P &lt; 0.01), and also between oral leukoplakia with dysplasia and those without dysplasia (P &lt; 0.01). Wnt3 expression was detected in the epithelial cell membrane or cytoplasm in oral leukoplakia where nuclear expression of β-catenin was evident, but not in epithelial cells without nuclear expression of β-catenin. Conclusion The components of canonical Wnt pathway, such as Wnt3, β-catenin, and cyclin D1, were detected, implying that this pathway is potentially involved in the progression of dysplasia in oral leukoplakia.
Response of the jejunal mucosa in adult coeliac disease to oral prednisolone
Authors: A. J. Wall, A. P. Douglas, C. C. Booth, A. G. E. Pearse
Journal: Gut (1970)

Five patients with adult coeliac disease were treated with prednisolone for four to five weeks while continuing a normal gluten-containing diet. A prompt histological, ultrastructural and enzymic recovery of the jejunal mucosa in all five was accompanied by an incomplete metabolic response in three of four patients tested. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible immunological pathogenesis of coeliac disease.
Reduced Likelihood of Metastases in Patients with Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Alberto Malesci, Luigi Laghi, Paolo Bianchi, Gabriele Delconte, Ann Randolph, Valter Torri, Carlo Carnaghi, Roberto Doci, Riccardo Rosati, Marco Montorsi, Massimo Roncalli, Leandro Gennari, Armando Santoro
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

The outcome of patients with colorectal cancer is more favorable when the tumor exhibits high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI). Although associated with earlier-stage tumors, MSI has been proposed as an independent predictor of survival. We tested the prognostic value of MSI in a large series of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the last decade.The survival of 893 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer characterized by microsatellite status was analyzed. The 89 (10%) patients with MSI cancer were classified according to tumor mismatch repair (MMR) defect, MMR germ-line mutation, hMLH1 and p16 promoter methylation, BRAF and K-ras mutations, and frameshifts of target genes.The colorectal cancer-specific survival was significantly (P = 0.02) better in patients with MSI cancer than in those with stable tumor (MSS). MSI did not predict a significantly lower risk of cancer-related death if tumor stage was included in the multivariate analysis [hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.40-1.29; P = 0.27]. Instead, MSI was strongly associated with a decreased likelihood of lymph node (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17-0.56; P < 0.001) and distant organ (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.05-0.33; P < 0.001) metastases at diagnosis, independently of tumor pathologic features. Molecular predictors of reduced metastatic risk, and then of more favorable prognosis, included TGFbetaRII mutation for all MSI tumors, hMSH2 deficiency for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, and absence of p16 methylation for sporadic hMLH1-deficient cancers.Tumor MSI is a stage-dependent predictor of survival in patients with colorectal cancer. The decreased likelihood of metastases in patients with MSI cancer is associated with specific genetic and epigenetic changes of the primary tumor.