tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL ANEMIA IN DOGS: THE ACTION OF BEEF LIVER AND IRON SALTS ON HEMOGLOBIN REGENERATION
Authors: Herman H. Riecker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

Recent contributions to the study of hemoglobin regeneration in secondary anemia have laid stress on the therapeutic value of natural food products (1) (2).These reports have led to the indiscriminate administration of glandular organs, notably liver, to patients who had some form of secondary anemia.The present investigation was undertaken in order to determine the exact role of iron salts in hemoglobin formation in long-standing experimental anemia, and to study the effect of feeding beef liver on hematopoietic activity.The exhaustive and well-controlled ex- periments of Whipple and his associates have advanced our knowledge greatly.However, the use of a wide variety of food products and the attempts to control the metabolism of pigment, and blood cell stroma, have introduced an element of uncertainty with regard to the quantitative effect of iron in bone marrow activity.In experimental work of this type the factor of relative depletion of the body iron reserve cannot be over-emphasized.An adequate vitamin intake must be assured in order to maintain a healthy bone marrow (3).In the matter of iron depletion, years of clinical ob-
Unique Origin and Lateral Transfer of Prokaryotic Chlorophyll-b and Chlorophyll-d Light-Harvesting Systems
Authors: Min Chen, Roger G. Hiller, Christopher J. Howe, Anthony W. D. Larkum
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

pcb genes, encoding proteins binding light-harvesting chlorophylls, were cloned and sequenced from the Chl d–containing cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina, and the Chl b–containing cyanobacterium, Prochloron didemni. Both organisms contained two tandem pcb genes. Peptide fingerprinting confirmed the expression of one of the A. marina pcb genes. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction using distance-matrix and maximum-likelihood methods indicated a single origin of the pcb gene family, whether occurring in Chl b–containing or Chl d–containing organisms. This may indicate widespread lateral transfer of the Pcb protein–based light-harvesting system.
Impact of α-tocopherol on cardiac hypertrophy due to energy metabolism disorder: the involvement of 1,2-diacylglycerol
Authors: Ryotaro Takahashi, Kenji Okumura, Hideo Matsui, Yoshihiro Saburi, Hiroki Kamiya, Kenichiro Matsubara, Toru Asai, Masafumi Ito, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The juvenile visceral steatosis (JVS) mouse, a murine model of systemic carnitine deficiency, shows a disorder of fatty acid oxidation and develops cardiac hypertrophy associated with lipid accumulation. Recently, alpha-tocopherol was shown to decrease 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) levels. We investigated the involvement of DAG in cardiac hypertrophy due to energy metabolism disorder by evaluating the effects of alpha-tocopherol administration on the hearts of JVS mice.Both JVS and control mice were fed a high alpha-tocopherol diet or a standard diet from 4 to 8 weeks of age. Myocardial DAG levels and fatty acid composition were assessed at 8 weeks of age.The ventricular to body weight ratio in the JVS mice was significantly higher than that in the control mice [11.2+/-0.1 (mean+/-S.E.M.) versus 3.8+/-0.1 mg/g, P<0.01], and was reduced by alpha-tocopherol treatment (9.7+/-0.2 mg/g, P<0.01 versus JVS mice). However, echocardiographic analysis showed the exaggeration of left ventricular dilatation in the alpha-tocopherol treated JVS mice (P<0.01 versus JVS mice). The myocardial thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substance level was not affected by alpha-tocopherol treatment. The myocardial DAG level was 2.5-fold higher in the JVS mice compared with that in the control mice (2004+/-136 versus 806+/-36 ng/mg dry weight, P<0.01) with a significant increase in 18:1 and 18:2 fatty acids. alpha-Tocopherol treatment reduced myocardial DAG levels in the JVS mice (1443+/-49 ng/mg dry weight, P<0.01 versus JVS mice) without any alteration of the fatty acid composition.alpha-Tocopherol treatment may partially reduce cardiac hypertrophy but it may also depress cardiac function in the JVS mice by decreasing the myocardial DAG level. An increase in DAG might be involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and in the maintenance of cardiac function in energy metabolism disorder of the heart.
Respiratory intensive care units in Italy: a national census and prospective cohort study
Authors: M Confalonieri
Journal: Thorax (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> In Italy, respiratory intensive care units (RICUs) provide an intermediate level of care between the intensive care unit (ICU) and the general ward for patients with single organ respiratory failure. Because of the lack of official epidemiological data in these units, a two phase study was performed with the aim of describing the work profile in Italian RICUs. <h3>METHODS</h3> A national survey of RICUs was conducted from January to March 1997 using a questionnaire which comprised over 30 items regarding location, models of service provision, staff, and equipment. The following criteria were necessary for inclusion of a unit in the survey: (1) a nurse to patient ratio ranging from 1:2.5 to 1:4 per shift; (2) availability of adequate continuous non-invasive monitoring; (3) expertise for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and for intubation in case of NIV failure; (4) physician availability 24 hours a day. Between November 1997 and January 1998 a 3 month prospective cohort study was performed to survey the patient population admitted to the RICUs. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Twenty six RICUs were included in the study: four were located in rehabilitation centres and 22 in general hospitals. In most, the reported nurse to patient ratio ranged from 1:2 to 1:3, with 36% of units reporting a ratio of 1:4 per shift. During the study period 756 consecutive patients of mean (SD) age 68 (12) years were admitted to the 26 RICUs. The highest proportion (47%) were admitted from emergency departments, 19% from other medical wards, 18% were transferred from the ICU, 13% from specialist respiratory wards, and 2% were transferred following surgery. All but 32 had respiratory failure on admission. The reasons for admission to the RICU were: monitoring for expected clinical instability (n=221), mechanical ventilation (n=473), and weaning (n=59); 586 patients needed mechanical ventilation during their stay in the RICU, 425 were treated with non-invasive techniques as a first line of treatment (374 by non-invasive positive pressure, 51 by iron lung), and 161 underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (63 intubated, 98 tracheostomies). All but 48 patients had chronic respiratory disease, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n=451). More than 70% of patients (n=228) had comorbidity, mainly consisting of heart disorders. The median APACHE II score was 18 (range 1–43). The predicted inpatient mortality risk rate according to the APACHE II equation was 22.1% while the actual inpatient mortality rate was 16%. The mean length of stay in the RICU was 12 (11) days. The outcome in most patients (79.2%) admitted to RICUs was favourable. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Italian RICUs are specialised units mainly devoted to the monitoring and treatment of acute on chronic respiratory failure by non-invasive ventilation, but also to weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation. The results of this study provide a useful insight into an increasingly important field of respiratory medicine.
Enhancement of Tumor Growth and Vascular Density by Transfection of Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Into MCF-7 Human Breast Carcinoma Cells
Authors: H.-T. Zhang, P. Craft, P. A. E. Scott, M. Ziche, H. A. Weich, A. L. Harris, R. Bicknell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Background : Vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted endothelial-specific growth factor that is angiogenic in vivo. it is commonly expressed in a range of carcinomas. Purpose : The study was designed to investigate the effect of constitutive expression of VEGF on tumor formation by estrogen-dependent human MCF–7 breast carcinoma cells. Methods : A full-length complementary DNA encoding the shortest isoform of VEGF (VEGF 121 was stably transfected into MCF–7 cells. transfected clones were screened for VEGF 121 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ribonuclease protection analysis and for secretion of VEGF 121 protein by Western blot analysis. secretion of biologically active VEGF 121 by transfectants was confirmed by 1) a competitive radioreceptor-binding assay, 2) stimulation of the growth of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, and 3) potent angiogenic activity in the rabbit corneal assay. tumor models were then established by subcutaneously implanting wildtype of VEGF 121 -transfected MCF–7 cells, together with either mouse BALB/3T3 clone A31 fibroblasts or human MDA–435S breast carcinoma cells, into ovariectomized nude mice either with or without a separately implanted slow-release estrogen pellet. Tumor vascularity was quantitatively assessed by capillary vessel counting after staining with the pan-endothelia marker CD31. Results : Stable VEGF 121 -overexpressing MCF–7cells were isolated and designated V12 cells. when implanted into the rabbit cornea, V12 cells elicited a strong directional outgrowth of capillaries. The growth rate of V12 cells in vitro was indistinguishable from that of MCF–7 wild—type cells. V12 cells formed faster growting tumors than did wild-type cells (P←.01) and showed a heterogeneous distribution of vessels when compared with the homogeneous distribution seen in tumors formed form wild-type cells. VEGF 121 overexpression had no effect on hormone dependence or tamoxifen sensitivity of tumor formation by MCF–7 cells in mice. No macroscopic evidence for metastasis from subcutaneous implants was obtained conclusions : VEGF 121 expression by breast carcinoma cells confers a growth advantange in vivo but not in vitro. Tumors formed by V12 transfectants were more vascular than those formed by wild-type MCF–7 cells, and we surmise that the growth advantage arises from increased tumor vascularization induced by VEGF 121.Implications : Tumor formation by V12 cells could provide a useful model for the assessment of anti-angiogenic drugs. [J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 213–219, 1995]
Reduced H3K27me3 and DNA Hypomethylation Are Major Drivers of Gene Expression in K27M Mutant Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Sebastian Bender, Yujie Tang, Anders M. Lindroth, Volker Hovestadt, David T.W. Jones, Marcel Kool, Marc Zapatka, Paul A. Northcott, Dominik Sturm, Wei Wang, Bernhard Radlwimmer, Jonas W. Højfeldt, Nathalène Truffaux, David Castel, Simone Schubert, Marina Ryzhova, Huriye Şeker-Cin, Jan Gronych, Pascal David Johann, Sebastian Stark, Jochen Meyer, Till Milde, Martin Schuhmann, Martin Ebinger, Camelia-Maria Monoranu, Anitha Ponnuswami, Spenser Chen, Chris Jones, Olaf Witt, V. Peter Collins, Andreas von Deimling, Nada Jabado, Stephanie Puget, Jacques Grill, Kristian Helin, Andrey Korshunov, Peter Lichter, Michelle Monje, Christoph Plass, Yoon-Jae Cho, Stefan M. Pfister
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Glomeruli by Electron Microscopy Reveals a Distinct Restrictive Urinary Subpodocyte Space
Authors: Christopher R. Neal, Hayley Crook, Edward Bell, Steven J. Harper, David O. Bates
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

For more than 150 years, the only urinary space that has been recognized in the glomerulus conducting primary filtrate to the proximal convoluted tubule has been Bowman’s space (BS) (1). Here it is shown that ultrastructural reconstructions of the podocyte and the glomerulus reveal BS to be formed from three distinct urinary spaces through which filtrate must pass before reaching the proximal convoluted tubule. The most restricted region, the subpodocyte space (SPS; first described by Gautier in 1950), was found to cover 58 to 65% of the glomerular filtration barrier. It is morphologically distinct from the rest of BS and has a highly significant restriction to flow based on morphometric measurements. This SPS was altered during increased renal perfusion pressure, consistent with the podocyte dynamically reacting to the increase in filtration. A second anastomosing branching region draining the glomerular center, which has been termed the interpodocyte space, has fewer restrictions to flow into the final region—the shell-like peripheral urinary space. The physiologic role of the restrictive SPS is yet to be determined but likely possibilities include regulation of glomerular filtration and cleaning of the glomerular filtration barrier.
Long-term prognostic significance of left atrial volume in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Roy Beinart, Valentina Boyko, Ehud Schwammenthal, Rafael Kuperstein, Alex Sagie, Hanoch Hod, Shlomo Matetzky, Solomon Behar, Michael Eldar, Micha S. Feinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Obliterative bronchiolitis: varying presentations and clinicopathological correlation
Authors: K.D. Markopoulou, C.D. Cool, T.L. Elliot, D.A. Lynch, J.D. Newell, V.A. Hale, K.K. Brown, M.I. Schwarz, R.M. Tuder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

In obliterative bronchiolitis, inflammation and fibrosis lead to narrowing or occlusion of bronchiolar lumina. To determine how bronchiolar structural alterations relate to lung physiology, 19 patients with a pathological diagnosis of obliterative bronchiolitis were studied. The bronchiolar inflammatory and fibrotic features were correlated to the clinical presentation, and lung function tests. Eleven patients demonstrated airflow limitation, one had a restrictive pattern and one had a mixed pattern, two had isolated gas trapping, but four had normal spirometry. Mild-to-moderate bronchiolar inflammation was invariably present. It involved 60% of bronchioles subepithelially and 54% in the adventitia. Subepithelial fibrosis was observed in 15 patients and adventitial in 12. Adventitial bronchiolar inflammation correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity and inversely correlated with residual volume. Subepithelial fibrosis inversely correlated with subepithelial and adventitial inflammation. High-resolution computed tomography in 10 patients revealed inspiratory (five out of 10) and expiratory air trapping (five out of five), ground glass opacities (seven out of 10), bronchial wall thickening (five out of 10), bronchiectasis (two out of 10) and centrilobular nodules (two out of 10). The present study suggests that inflammation and fibrosis occurs in bronchioles at different time points in the disease process, or that there is no transition between these types of pathology in the same patient. No correlation was observed between the degree of bronchiolar fibrosis and the degree of airflow limitation.
Pulmonary dirofilariasis causing a solitary lung mass and pleural effusion.
Authors: A Kido, T Ishida, T Oka, M Tateishi, T Mitsudomi, K Sugimachi
Journal: Thorax (1991)

A 63 year old patient presented with a pleural effusion and a solitary lung lesion on the computed tomogram. He was found to have an inflammatory granuloma due to Dirofilaria immitis at thoracotomy.
"Strawberry Lesion" of the Recto-sigmoid
Authors: G. K. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1956)

After a fatty meal no increase in blood coagulability was found when techniques ensuring adequate platelet activity were employed.Fullerton's theory of the relation of alimentary lipaemia to the formation of atheroma and intravascular thrombosis is criticized in the light of these results.I would like to thank Messrs. G.
New Concepts in Treatment of Malaria with Malignant Tertian Cerebral Involvement
Authors: H. Smitskamp, F. H. Wolthuis
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Of 140 patients with malignant tertian malaria seen during 1956 to 1967 10 died. Death was caused by cerebral malaria in all cases. Since 1968 more intensified treatment has resulted in the complete recovery of three patients and the partial recovery of one, all of whom had been in a cerebral malaria coma for various periods of time before admission and in whom a fatal outcome was expected. In these cases a polypragmatic therapeutic approach using intravenous low molecular weight dextran, besides the usual quinine and fluids, corticosteroids, heparin and urea, separately or combined, was adopted.
Prediction of Mortality Using Measures of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in the Diabetic and Nondiabetic Population: The MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study
Authors: Vaibhav Salvi, Pooja Hingorani, Arumugam Ramasamy, Snehal Kothari
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

A recent article by Ziegler et al. (1) on the value of electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters (corrected QT [QTc] interval and heart rate variability) in identifying diabetic subjects at increased risk of mortality showed that QT interval corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula (QTcB) >440 ms was associated with higher mortality. While these results are clinically very relevant, the title of the paper suggests that QTc prolongation is caused by cardiac autonomic neuropathy. In fact, other factors may also prolong QTc interval in diabetic subjects (2,3).

We analyzed baseline ECGs of 189 diabetic subjects …
Overexpression of N-ras Oncogene and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene in Human Glioblastomas
Authors: M. A. Gerosa, D. Talarico, C. Fognani, E. Raimondi, M. Colombatti, G. Tridente, L. D. Carli, G. D. valle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Overexpression of N-ras Oncogene and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene in Human Glioblastomas Get access Massimo A. Gerosa, Massimo A. Gerosa Departments of Neurosurgery, University of VeronaVerona, Italy Correspondence to: Dr. Massimo A. Gerosa, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Geriatrico, Via Mameli, 37100 Verona, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniela Talarico, Daniela Talarico Departments of Genetics and Microbiology “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” University of PaviaPavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Caterina Fognani, Caterina Fognani Departments of Genetics and Microbiology “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” University of PaviaPavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elena Raimondi, Elena Raimondi Departments of Genetics and Microbiology “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” University of PaviaPavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marco Colombatti, Marco Colombatti Departments of Immunology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Giuseppe Tridente, Giuseppe Tridente Departments of Immunology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Luigi De Carli, Luigi De Carli Departments of Genetics and Microbiology “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” University of PaviaPavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Giuliano Della valle Giuliano Della valle Department of Animal Biology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 1989, Pages 63–67, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.1.63 Published: 01 January 1989 Article history Received: 07 June 1988 Accepted: 09 September 1988 Revision received: 21 September 1988 Published: 01 January 1989
Use of Thiazolidinediones and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Shih-Wei Chen, Yu-Tse Tsan, Jong-Dar Chen, Hui-I Hsieh, Chang-Hsing Lee, Hsien-Ho Lin, Jung-Der Wang, Pau-Chung Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Preclinical data suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists have antineoplastic effects in colorectal cancer. We aimed to assess the association between the use of synthetic PPARγ agonists, represented by thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and the risk of developing colorectal cancer.We conducted a nationwide, population-based, case-control study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Case subjects were defined as patients who were diagnosed with diabetes at least 365 days prior to a new diagnosis of colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2008. We randomly selected diabetic control subjects for each case subject, which were matched by sex, age, and the duration of diabetes. Among the 24,496 eligible case subjects and control subjects, we used conditional logistic regression to assess the risk of colorectal cancer in association with the use of TZDs. An additional analysis was conducted to assess the effects of concomitant use of TZDs and low-dose aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of colorectal cancer.A decreased risk of colorectal cancer was observed in patients who had used TZDs compared with those who had never used TZDs (adjusted odds ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.79-0.94]). Furthermore, the benefit of a decreased colorectal cancer risk was also found with concomitant use of TZDs and low-dose aspirin or NSAIDs.The use of TZDs may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Effects of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Patrick Huppmann, Bernd Sczepanski, Martina Boensch, Sandra Winterkamp, Ursula Schönheit-Kenn, Claus Neurohr, Juergen Behr, Klaus Kenn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended for patients with chronic lung diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis according to international guidelines. However, data for patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are limited. We examined the effect of an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation on functional status and quality of life in ILD patients. We evaluated 402 consecutive ILD patients who were admitted to a specialised pulmonary rehabilitation centre (1999-2010). All patients performed a standardised pulmonary rehabilitation programme including pulmonary function tests, blood-gas analysis, 6-min walk test (6MWT), dyspnoea rating and health-related quality of life questionnaire (the 36-item short-form health survey; SF-36) on admission and discharge. Mean duration of pulmonary rehabilitation was 30±1 days. 6MWT distance improved by 46±3 m (308±6 m versus 354±6 m; p<0.001). Dyspnoea rating did not change. Lung function testing showed marginal improvement of vital capacity (+1±0%; p = 0.002). The SF-36 questionnaire demonstrated an increase in all eight sub-scores as well as in the physical and mental health summary scores (physical 6±1 points, p<0.001; mental health 10±1 points, p<0.001). Moreover, patients with signs of pulmonary hypertension also benefited from pulmonary rehabilitation. In a large cohort of patients with ILD, pulmonary rehabilitation had a positive impact on functional status and quality of life. Considering the limited treatment options in this patient population pulmonary rehabilitation appears to be a valuable adjunct therapy.