tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Therapy for Patients in Renal Failure
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The prescribing of drugs for patients with compromised renal function presents serious practical problems. The clinician desires to achieve a therapeutic blood level of an agent without exceeding the toxic level. When renal function is normal, the appropriate level of a drug can usually be obtained by administering the dose recommended in the official labeling or in<i>AMA Drug Evaluation</i>. When the difference between a therapeutic level and a toxic level is small, it may become necessary to measure serum drug levels, and for many drugs, such as the cardiac glycosides and aminophylline, laboratory methods for such measurements are generally available. For many drugs, however, the physician may wish to calculate a dose based on the route of excretion, the normal half-life, and the degree of renal impairment. To assist in such a calculation,The Journalpublished three articles (214:1468, 1970; 223:991, 1973; 230:1544, 1974) that gave in table outline
Haploinsufficiency of CDKN1B contributes to leukemogenesis in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Emilie Le Toriellec, Gilles Despouy, Gaëlle Pierron, Nogaye Gaye, Marjorie Joiner, Dorine Bellanger, Anne Vincent-Salomon, Marc-Henri Stern
Journal: Blood (2007)
Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells Engineered With Pim-I Kinase Enhance Myocardial Repair
Authors: Sadia Mohsin, Mohsin Khan, Haruhiro Toko, Brandi Bailey, Christopher T. Cottage, Kathleen Wallach, Divya Nag, Andrew Lee, Sailay Siddiqi, Feng Lan, Kimberlee M. Fischer, Natalie Gude, Pearl Quijada, Daniele Avitabile, Silvia Truffa, Brett Collins, Walter Dembitsky, Joseph C. Wu, Mark A. Sussman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effects of homoharringtonine alone and in combination with alpha interferon and cytosine arabinoside on ‘in vitro’ growth and induction of apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia and normal hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: G Visani, D Russo, E Ottaviani, P Tosi, D Damiani, A Michelutti, S Manfroi, M Baccarani, S Tura
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Protecting elite athletes in extreme and challenging environments: advancing the dialogue
Authors: Michael F Bergeron, Lars Engebretsen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Watching the Olympic athlete powering through the water or down a mountain, sprinting on the track with unimaginable speed and efficiency or demonstrating any number of other seemingly super-human feats, it is hard for some to imagine the challenges these elite athletes face that threaten their performance and health and safety. Even at the Olympic or world championship level, environmental conditions can readily erase years of training and preparation when these circumstances beyond the control of the athlete are unexpectedly more than the athlete is accustomed to and can tolerate.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Commission recognises this, as do the International Sport Federations. New guidelines to minimise clinical risk and injury surveillance tracking systems have been developed and incorporated.1 But more needs to be done, as evidenced by periodic reports …
Identification of actinidin as the major allergen of kiwi fruit
Authors: Elide A. Pastorello, Amedeo Conti, Valerio Pravettoni, Laura Farioli, Federica Rivolta, Raffaella Ansaloni, Marco Ispano, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Maria Gabriella Giuffrida, Claudio Ortolani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
French orthopaedic surgeons charged with fraud
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Public prosecutors in several French cities have charged a dozen orthopaedic surgeons with overpricing knee prostheses and receiving kickbacks from producers or importers of the devices. More than 100 surgeons may have been involved in an alleged swindle that may have cost the social security's health insurance branch about Fr100m (pounds sterling12m) over three years.

About 22000 knee prostheses are used in France …
Smoking and Nonsmokers — What Is the Issue?
Authors: Gary L. Huber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

With tobacco consumption near an all-time high, a fervent interest has developed over the effect of passive smoke inhalation on the nonsmoker. Controversy exists on the rights of the nonsmoker to "clean" air versus the rights of the smoker to enjoy a product consumed by man for centuries. This issue extends far beyond the health professions and is complicated by the divergent interests of many groups, with approximately 160 proposals to restrict or segregate the smoker now pending before legislatures in 39 states. The primary issue is how much tobacco the nonsmoker passively inhales and what the potential health hazards . . .
Investigation of non-responders at a cervical cancer screening clinic in Manchester
Authors: V. Nathoo
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Uptake of cervical cytology screening in a Manchester practice has been very low (14%) in spite of the family practitioner committee introducing a call and recall system. A questionnaire was used to investigate the attitudes of non-responders, who were all from social classes IV and V. Attendance was found to be inhibited by a high level of anxiety about the test and about cervical cancer, by erroneous beliefs, and by concurrent family difficulties. More than half the non-attendance was directly attributable to administrative errors, which resulted in appointments being sent to wrong addresses or to inappropriate people (four after hysterectomy, 10 who had had recent smears). These matters require urgent attention. Several simple measures might improve attendance at clinics, follow up of patients, and attitudes toward screening: invitations to attend the clinic, a register of patients and results, a simpler version of the leaflet, use of well known personalities to promote cervical screening, health education campaigns, and regular evaluation of records.
Relation of Epicardial Fat Thickness and Brachial Flow-Mediated Vasodilation with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hasan Kaya, Faruk Ertaş, Mustafa Oylumlu, Mehmet Zihni Bilik, Abdulkadir Yıldız, Murat Yüksel, Nihat Polat, Halit Acet, Ferhat Işık, Mehmet Sıddık Ülgen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The FoxO3/type 2 deiodinase pathway is required for normal mouse myogenesis and muscle regeneration
Authors: Monica Dentice, Alessandro Marsili, Raffaele Ambrosio, Ombretta Guardiola, Annarita Sibilio, Ji-Hye Paik, Gabriella Minchiotti, Ronald A. DePinho, Gianfranco Fenzi, P. Reed Larsen, Domenico Salvatore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The active thyroid hormone 3,5,3′ triiodothyronine (T3) is a major regulator of skeletal muscle function. The deiodinase family of enzymes controls the tissue-specific activation and inactivation of the prohormone thyroxine (T4). Here we show that type 2 deiodinase (D2) is essential for normal mouse myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Indeed, D2-mediated increases in T3 were essential for the enhanced transcription of myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) and for execution of the myogenic program. Conversely, the expression of T3-dependent genes was reduced and after injury regeneration markedly delayed in muscles of mice null for the gene encoding D2 (Dio2), despite normal circulating T3 concentrations. Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) was identified as a key molecule inducing D2 expression and thereby increasing intracellular T3 production. Accordingly, FoxO3-depleted primary myoblasts also had a differentiation deficit that could be rescued by high levels of T3. In conclusion, the FoxO3/D2 pathway selectively enhances intracellular active thyroid hormone concentrations in muscle, providing a striking example of how a circulating hormone can be tissue-specifically activated to influence development locally.
Characteristics and Associations of High-Mitotic-Rate Melanoma
Authors: Sarah Shen, Rory Wolfe, Catriona A. McLean, Martin Haskett, John W. Kelly
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Mitotic rate is now recognized as having independent prognostic significance in melanoma survival. However, its clinicopathologic associations have not been the focus of any previous study.To identify a set of patient and tumor characteristics associated with high-mitotic-rate melanoma with the aim of facilitating the earlier detection of aggressive primary invasive melanoma.Cross-sectional study of patients from a multidisciplinary melanoma clinic based in a public hospital. A total of 2397 cases from January 2006 to December 2011 were reviewed by the Victorian Melanoma Service, and 1441 patients with 1500 primary invasive melanomas were included in the study.Mitotic rate was measured as number of mitoses per mm2 and analyzed as ordered categories (0, <1, 1 and <2, 2, 3-4, 5-9, and ≥10) according to patient demographics, phenotypic markers, historical data, tumor presentation, and histopathologic features.Melanomas with higher mitotic rates were more likely to occur in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.8), patients 70 years or older (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.7-2.8), and those with a history of solar keratosis (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6). These melanomas occurred more frequently on the head and neck (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9) and presented more often as amelanotic (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5) and rapidly growing (≥2 mm/mo) lesions (OR, 12.5; 95% CI, 8.4-18.5). An association was seen with the nodular melanoma subtype (vs superficial spreading [reference]) (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.8-3.4), greater tumor thickness (vs ≤1 mm [reference]) (>1-4 mm: OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 3.2-6.1; >4 mm: OR, 12.6; 95% CI, 7.5-21.1), and ulceration (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.7). These histopathologic features, along with amelanosis and rate of growth, remained as significant associations with high mitotic rate in the overall multivariate analysis.High-mitotic-rate primary cutaneous melanoma is associated with aggressive histologic features and atypical clinical presentation. It has a predilection for the head and neck region and is more likely to be seen in elderly men with a history of cumulative solar damage who present clinically with rapidly developing disease.
Effects of procaine on pharmaco-mechanical coupling mechanisms activated by acetylcholine in smooth muscle cells of porcine coronary artery.
Authors: H Ueno, K Sumimoto, T Hashimoto, M Hirata, H Kuriyama
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The action of procaine on pharmaco-mechanical coupling activated by application of acetylcholine (ACh) was investigated using collagenase-treated dispersed intact and skinned smooth muscle cells and intact muscle tissues of the porcine coronary artery. ACh reduced stored 45Ca2+, and this action was prevented by procaine in intact dispersed cells. The maximum reduction in the level of stored 45Ca induced by caffeine (25 mM) or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3; 3 microM) was also prevented by procaine in the skinned muscle cells in the presence or absence of ATP. However, inhibitions of the latter required higher concentrations of procaine than the former. Release by 10 microM ACh of Ca2+ from its store site in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+ was also inhibited by procaine and was detected using the quin2 fluorescence method. In these smooth muscle tissues, ACh (above 10 nM) reduced the amount of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI-P2) and dose dependently increased the amount of phosphatidic acid. Procaine inhibited the hydrolysis of PI-P2 activated by ACh, thus reducing the amount of InsP3 and the release of Ca2+ from the store site. It is concluded that procaine has multiple actions on the porcine coronary artery, and one of the actions related with pharmacomechanical coupling appears through inhibition of hydrolysis of PI-P2 induced by ACh.
Principles Supporting Dynamic Clinical Care Teams: An American College of Physicians Position Paper
Authors: Robert B. Doherty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

The U.S. health care system is undergoing a shift from individual clinical practice toward team-based care. This move toward team-based care requires fresh thinking about clinical leadership and responsibilities to ensure that the unique skills of each clinician are used to provide the best care for the patient as the patient's needs dictate, while the team as a whole must work together to ensure that all aspects of a patient's care are coordinated for the benefit of the patient. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians offers principles, definitions, and examples to dissolve barriers that prevent movement toward dynamic clinical care teams. These principles offer a framework for an evolving, updated approach to health care delivery, providing policy guidance that can be useful to clinical teams in organizing the care processes and clinician responsibilities consistent with professionalism.
Chemodectomas of the Carotid Body and Glomus Tympanicum
Authors: Frank E. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CHEMODECTOMA of the carotid body is uncommon; fewer than 550 cases have been reported. A familial tendency toward development of chemodectomas in the contralateral carotid body or in other sites where chemoreceptor tissue is found has been documented. This familial occurrence and the tendency of chemodectomas of the carotid body to be bilateral or multiple when patients have relatives with chemodectomas deserve emphasis. We have treated two sisters for tumors of the glomus tympanicum who returned several years later with carotid body tumors. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 47-year-old woman noted a sense of fullness in her left ear in 1960. She was examined in South Carolina, and a tumor of the glomus tympanicum was located and excised. She underwent three subsequent excisions and was seen by one of us (M.L.L.) in 1969; an excision of a recurrent tumor of the glomus tympanicum was performed. Six months later she
Dependency on the polycomb gene Ezh2 distinguishes fetal from adult hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Makiko Mochizuki-Kashio, Yuta Mishima, Satoru Miyagi, Masamitsu Negishi, Atsunori Saraya, Takaaki Konuma, Jun Shinga, Haruhiko Koseki, Atsushi Iwama
Journal: Blood (2011)
Medical Student Reputations.
Authors: A. L. Benedict
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Buffalo, N. Y., Jan. 13, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Alluding to your editorial inThe Journal, January 13, on "Medical Student Reputations," allow me to point out that the whole trouble as to student rowdyism is of comparatively recent date and practically synchronous with the development of social life analogous to that at colleges. A small boy apologized for his too demonstrative puppy that he didn't know he was a dog, he thought he was folks. Exactly the same trouble ails our too demonstrative medical, law, pharmacal, veterinary and other professional students and, ridiculous as it may seem, even callow, ignorant boys making up deficiencies of arithmetic and learning bookkeeping and stenography at business "colleges." All these boys are impressed with the notion that they are college students. If they have to spend their time on less ornamental and more immediately practical things than Latin and Greek and calculus and
Effectiveness of pergolide in hyperprolactinaemia.
Authors: A J Isaacs
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Poor prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in non-European children SIR,-The results of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Asian children living in the United Kingdom (12 March, p 839-41) are similar to those found in Algerian children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with chemotherapy.As far as modern medicine is concerned communica- tion difficulties exist between doctors and patients' families in developing countries.From 1978 to 1982 54 children (under 15) were treated in our clinic (32 boys and 22 girls), and their clinical state was assessed on 1 March 1981.Initial treatment included
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Mediate Anti-inflammatory Responses to a Gut Commensal Molecule via Both Innate and Adaptive Mechanisms
Authors: Suryasarathi Dasgupta, Deniz Erturk-Hasdemir, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Hans-Christian Reinecker, Dennis L. Kasper
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Effect of combined supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and beta carotene on low-density lipoprotein oxidation.
Authors: I Jialal, S M Grundy
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Data continue to accumulate supporting a proatherogenic role for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). Antioxidant micronutrients such as ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, and beta carotene, levels of which can be favorably manipulated by dietary measures without side effects, could be a safe approach in inhibiting LDL oxidation. In fact, in vitro studies have shown that all three antioxidants can inhibit LDL oxidation. The present study was undertaken to ascertain both the safety and antioxidant effect of combined supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and beta carotene on LDL oxidation. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of combined supplementation with alpha-tocopherol (800 IU/d) plus ascorbate (1.0 g/d) and beta carotene (30 mg/d) on copper-catalyzed LDL oxidation was tested in a randomized, placebo-controlled study in two groups of 12 male subjects over a 3-month period. Blood samples for the lipoprotein profile, antioxidant levels, and LDL isolation were obtained at baseline and at 3 months. Neither placebo nor combined antioxidant therapy resulted in any side effects or exerted an adverse effect on the plasma lipoprotein profile. Compared with placebo, combined antioxidant therapy resulted in a significant increase in plasma ascorbate and lipid standardized alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene levels (2.6-, 4.1-, and 16.3-fold, respectively). At baseline, there were no significant differences in the time course curves and kinetics of LDL oxidation as evidenced by the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) assay and the formation of conjugated dienes. However, at 3 months, combined supplementation resulted in a twofold prolongation of the lag phase and a 40% decrease in the oxidation rate. The combined antioxidant group was also compared with a group that received 800 IU of alpha-tocopherol only. Although the combined antioxidant group had significantly higher ascorbate and beta carotene levels than the group supplemented with alpha-tocopherol alone, there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to LDL oxidation kinetics. CONCLUSIONS Combined supplementation with ascorbate, beta carotene, and alpha-tocopherol is not superior to high-dose alpha-tocopherol alone in inhibiting LDL oxidation. Hence, alpha-tocopherol therapy should be favored in future coronary prevention trials involving antioxidants.
OPTIMAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Nileshkumar J. Patel, Neeraj Shah, Peeyush Grover, Vikas Singh, George R. Marzouka, Valay Parikh, Abhishek Deshmukh, Ankit Rathod, Apurva O. Badheka, James Lafferty, Jay L. Mehta, Raul D. Mitrani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Leukemia and Radium Groundwater Contamination
Authors: B. L. Tracy, E. G. Letourneau
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Aug 2, 1985, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Lyman et al<sup>1</sup>claim to have shown an association between leukemia incidence in Florida and radium in groundwater supplies. Although cautious in their conclusions, the authors imply that this excess in leukemia was in fact caused by radiation. We believe they have not presented a convincing argument for causation. The radiation doses at these levels of exposure could account for only a tiny fraction of the leukemia excess. Lyman et al report that 27.6% of tested wells in the high-exposure counties exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency guideline for radium (5 pCi/L) and had a geometric mean radium concentration of 9.5 pCi/L. We conservatively assume that the tested wells were representative of all water supplies of these counties and thus that 27.6% of the populationwas exposed to radium at 9.5 pCi/L. With a per capita water consumption of
The New York State Examining Board.
Authors: Alfred L. Carroll
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. William Warren Potter— who gives his own name and address so fully that it is unnecessary for me to reciprocate the favor which he does me in that respect—apparently misapprehends both the intention of my criticism and the provisions of the Act which he defends, inasmuch as he confines the principal part of his argument to the function of the State Medical Society in "nominating to the Regents of the University one of the boards of medical examiners to be created," whereas my objection concerned the decree that this board shall be "composed exclusively of members of the same medical society." I am aware of the distinction which Dr. Potter so clearly draws between "members" and "delegates" (although he subsequently confuses them altogether as members), and I am also aware that eligibility to membership is a very different thing from membership, as but two per annum
Cow's milk‐specific cellular and humoral immune responses and atopy skin symptoms in infants from atopic families fed a partially (pHF) or extensively (eHF) hydrolyzed infant formula
Authors: I. Nentwich, E. Michková, J. Nevoral, R. Urbanek, Z. Szépfalusi
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Hydrolyzed milk formulas are recommended to feed infants at high risk of atopy if breast‐feeding is not possible. We studied the specific cellular and humoral immune response to cow's milk proteins and occurrence of atopic dermatitis under different feeding regimens: two hydrolyzed infant milk formulas (partially [pHF] and extensively hydrolyzed [eHF]) and under exclusive breast‐feeding (BF). Methods: Seventy‐two infants from families with atopic symptoms were randomized in the pHF and eHF groups, respectively. At 6 and 12 months of age, peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation along with specific IgG and IgE to cow's milk proteins was determined in infants fed pHF or eHF, respectively, and those who had not yet received any formula at 6 months of age (BF). Cases of atopic dermatitis were recorded throughout the first 12 months of life, and their severity was evaluated with SCORAD points. Results: A significantly decreased proliferation to cow's milk caseins was found in the pHF group compared to the exclusively breast‐fed group. Medians of stimulation indexes for CAS at 6 months were as follows: pHF 1.18; n =24; BF 1.70; n =24 ( P =0.033, Mann‐Whitney U‐test). Higher levels of plasma IgG antibodies to BCAS were found in infants fed pHF than in those fed eHF at 12 months. Optical density (OD): (25th percentile; median; 75th percentile): pHF: 0.00; 0.14; 0.38; n =30; eHF: 0.00; 0.03; 0.14; n =28; P =0,089, Mann‐Whitney U‐test. Cow's milk‐specific IgE was detected at 6 months as follows: BF: 3 of 24; eHF: 2 of 21; pHF: 0 of 23. The number of cases of atopic dermatitis and their severity did not differ among the groups during the first 12 months. Conclusions: Feeding pHF appears to suppress cow's milk‐specific cellular responses and stimulate specific IgG production. Specific IgE sensitization can occur also with breast‐feeding.