tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Graying of the Immune System
Authors: Ranjit Kumar Chandra
Journal: JAMA (1997)

It is recognized that nutrient intake should not only prevent the classic deficiency diseases, but also could reduce illness and improve health. The type of nutrients and the quantity required to achieve such a beneficial effect varies with the index being studied and whether more than one nutrient is being administered simultaneously. For some nutrients, the amounts proposed as being healthful apparently cannot be provided by a reasonable quantity and variety of natural foods. Thus, nutrient supplements may be important for health promotion and prevention of certain chronic diseases.<sup>1,2</sup>This view goes against the prevailing dogma in nutritional science that a balanced diet is sufficient to achieve all nutritional objectives. See also p 1380. Aging is associated with a reduction in many immune responses in most, but not all, elderly individuals. Changes in immunity associated with aging include decreased delayed hypersensitivity, reduced interleukin 2 production, decreased lymphocyte response to
ACUTE HEMATOGENOUS (METASTATIC) PERINEPHRIC ABSCESSES
Authors: HAROLD BRUNN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

We have confined our discussion of perinephric abscesses in this paper to those of hematogenous origin. In these cases there is usually an antecedent history of skin infection. The disease comes on suddenly in an otherwise perfectly healthy individual, in whom generally there has not been previous disease of the kidney or surrounding organs.  We have used the term  hematogenous perinephric abscess because of the close similarity between this disease and acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. We have for years noted the similarity of these two apparently widely dissimilar diseases. They both follow pyogenic skin infections. This infection may take the form of an eczema or some slight injury to the skin surface which has become infected or, as is most frequently the case, may follow boils or carbuncles. These infections of the skin may be of slight moment, and unless a careful history is taken may easily be overlooked by
The Pulmonary Artery Catheter—Friend, Foe, or Accomplice?
Authors: James E. Dalen
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atenolol: side effects in the newborn infant.
Authors: K J Thorley
Journal: BMJ (1982)

As long as the cervix is unfavourable, oxytocin is of doubtful value and the high dosages required may lead to water intoxication.Therefore, systemic or local administration of prostaglandins is preferred.We have obtained excellent results with intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E,,1 and others have reported successes with intracervical instillation of a single dose of 0 5 mg prostaglandin E, sus- pended in viscous gel.2Intravaginal prostaglandin F2e (2-5 mg) gel shortens labour con- siderably without increasing fetal distress or hypertonicity.3Once the membranes have ruptured, however, insertion of a catheter into the extra-amniotic space is technically impossible (A Calder, personal communica- tion), and the results obtained with oral prostaglandin E2 are contradictory.4One new technique that might reduce the risk of infection deserves mention-that is, continuous intravaginal infusion (lavage) of a weak solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone and iodine (Iso-Betadine).This method was originally proposed by Saling,6 and prelimin- ary results are encouraging.
The Treatment of Recurrent Corneal Erosion
Authors: Randy J. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two additional modalities have recently been described for the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion,<sup>1</sup>and my personal experience with both of them has been quite favorable. The simpler technique involves using a 20-gauge needle to make punctures into the superficial stroma that, when healed, result in adhesion of the previously loose epithelium.<sup>2</sup>Another technique that is a little more difficult, and may be associated with more complications, involves the use of diathermy to accomplish the same objective.<sup>3</sup>Finally, in patients with epithelial basement membrane corneal dystrophy with recurrent erosions, débridement of the abnormal epithelium is the treatment of choice.<sup>4</sup>
Estrogen Dependence of a Gonadotropin-induced Steroidogenic Lesion in Rat Testicular Leydig Cells
Authors: S. B. Cicorraga, S. Sorrell, J. Bator, K. J. Catt, M. L. Dufau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Leydig cells isolated from the testes of rats treated with intravenous exogenous gonadotropin (hCG) or subcutaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) show markedly decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors and a partial block in testicular 17,20 desmolase activity. In contrast, Leydig cells from animals with equivalent degrees of LH receptor loss induced by subcutaneous hCG treatment show no change in 17,20 desmolase activity. These findings indicated that the acuteness of gonadotrophic stimulation, rather than the extent of LH receptor loss, was responsible for the steroidogenic lesion. A role of estradiol in the enzymatic block produced in vivo by acute elevation of circulating gonadotropin (intravenous hCG or GnRH-stimulated endogenous LH) was suggested by rapid elevations of testicular 17beta-estradiol within 30 min after intravenous hCG, whereas more gradual increases in estradiol occurred 4-8 h after subcutaneous hCG. The inhibitory effect of endogenous estrogen on testicular steroidogenesis was confirmed by the ability of an estrogen antagonist (Tamoxifen) to prevent the reduction of testosterone responses caused by intravenous hCG and subcutaneous GnRH. In addition, Tamoxifen significantly increased the number of LH receptors in Leydig cells from both control and gonadotropin-desensitized animals. These findings indicate that the acute elevations of intratesticular estrogen produced by treatment with hCG or GnRH are responsible for the steroidogenic lesion seen in gonadotropin-desensitized Leydig cells. These results also suggest that locally produced estrogens contribute to the regulation of testicular LH receptors and 17,20 desmolase activity.
Mannose-sensitive receptors mediate the uptake of factor VIII therapeutics by human dendritic cells
Authors: Yohann Repessé, Suryasarathi Dasgupta, Ana-Maria Navarrete, Sandrine Delignat, Srinivas V. Kaveri, Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
A Triad of Conceptual Models for Formulating and Teaching Psychodynamics
Authors: WILLIAM L. PELTZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Many psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, and medical students experience difficulty in formulating the psychodynamics of their patients. Three conceptual models are presented as guides in formulating or teaching psychodynamics: a psychogenetic model which traces the origins, development, and lifespan of the individual; a model which involves the concept of the structures of personality; and a model of emotional interaction. Brief examples are presented to illustrate the use of each.
LEG ULCERATION AND HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA: AN HYPOTHESIS
Authors: R. D. G. Peachey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article LEG ULCERATION AND HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA: AN HYPOTHESIS Get access R. D. G. Peachey R. D. G. Peachey Frenchay Hospital and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 98, Issue 2, 1 February 1978, Pages 245–249, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01632.x Published: 01 February 1978
Herpes Simplex Infection Following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: James H. Lampman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The fact that primary herpes simplex infection may be acquired by susceptible physicians and lay persons in the course of performing mouth-to-mouth ventilation has practical implications in an era when the techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are being widely popularized. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 26-year-old medical resident performed emergency mouth-to-mouth ventilation on a 55-year-old female patient on March 25, 1979. He noted minor abrasions on his inner lower lip after the procedure, related to trauma from the patient's teeth. Six days later the resident experienced pharyngitis, headache, and myalgias, followed shortly by fever to 39.4 °C, and shallow, painful ulcers appeared inside the lower lip, on the tongue, and on the hard palate. Tender cervical adenopathy was noted. Two painful vesicular paronychiae appeared, one being at the site of a preexisting paper cut of the cuticle. Tzanck preparations of the lesions showed multinucleated giant cells, and
Biochemical Reaction Products of Nitric Oxide as Quantitative Markers of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: F. TAKAO KANEKO, ALEJANDRO C. ARROLIGA, RAED A. DWEIK, SUZY A. COMHAIR, DANIEL LASKOWSKI, RITA OPPEDISANO, MARY JANE THOMASSEN, SERPIL C. ERZURUM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare and fatal disease of unknown etiology. Inflammatory oxidant mechanisms and deficiency in nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. In order to investigate abnormalities in oxidants and antioxidants in PPH, we studied intrapulmonary NO levels, biochemical reaction products of NO, and antioxidants (glutathione [GSH], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) in patients with PPH (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 8). Intrapulmonary gases and fluids were sampled at bronchoscopy. Pulmonary hypertension was determined by right-heart catheterization. NO and biochemical reaction products of NO in the lung were decreased in PPH patients in comparison with healthy controls (NO [ppb] in airway gases: control, 8 ± 1; PPH, 2.8 ± 0.9; p = 0.016; and NO products [ μ M] in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [BALF]: control, 3.3 ± 1.05; PPH, 0.69 ± 0.21; p = 0.03). However, GSH in the lungs of PPH patients was higher than in those of controls (GSH [ μ M] in BALF: 0.55 ± 0.04; PPH, 0.9 ± 0.1; p = 0.015). SOD and GPx activities were similar in the two groups (p ≥ 0.50). Biochemical reaction products of NO were inversely correlated with pulmonary artery pressures (R = − 0.713; p = 0.047) and with years since diagnosis of PPH (R = − 0.776; p = 0.023). NO reaction products are formed through interactions between oxidants and NO, with the end products of reaction dependent upon the relative levels of the two types of molecules. The findings of the study therefore show that NO and oxidant reactions in the lung are related to the increased pulmonary artery pressures in PPH.
TCT-1 Do Proton Pump Inhibitors Interact With Clopidogrel? Insights From ADAPT-DES
Authors: Giora Weisz, Ajay J. Kirtane, Ke Xu, Thomas Stuckey, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Michael Rinaldi, Franz-Josef Neumann, D. Christopher Metzger, Timothy D. Henry, David Cox, Peter L. Duffy, Bruce R. Brodie, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Endocrine Regulation of Human Fetal Growth: The Role of the Mother, Placenta, and Fetus
Authors: Vanessa E. Murphy, Roger Smith, Warwick B. Giles, Vicki L. Clifton
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2006)

The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health. The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions between the mother, placenta, and fetus. The mother supplies nutrients and oxygen to the fetus via the placenta. The fetus influences the provision of maternal nutrients via the placental production of hormones that regulate maternal metabolism. The placenta is the site of exchange between mother and fetus and regulates fetal growth via the production and metabolism of growth-regulating hormones such as IGFs and glucocorticoids. Adequate trophoblast invasion in early pregnancy and increased uteroplacental blood flow ensure sufficient growth of the uterus, placenta, and fetus. The placenta may respond to fetal endocrine signals to increase transport of maternal nutrients by growth of the placenta, by activation of transport systems, and by production of placental hormones to influence maternal physiology and even behavior. There are consequences of poor fetal growth both in the short term and long term, in the form of increased mortality and morbidity. Endocrine regulation of fetal growth involves interactions between the mother, placenta, and fetus, and these effects may program long-term physiology.
Malignant ventricular arrhythmias are well tolerated in patients receiving long-term left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Mehmet C. Oz, Eric A. Rose, James Slater, Johannes J. Kuiper, Katharine A. Catanese, Howard R. Levin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

Objectives. We sought to quantitate the incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and to identify subsequent hemodynamic changes and untoward events in patients who have received an implantable left ventricular circulatory assist device as an extended bridge to heart transplantation. Background. Implantable long-term mechanical circulatory assist devices have been used clinically with increasing frequency and success for the past 4 years. Previous investigators have suggested that patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias receiving a left ventricular assist device will require both left and right ventricular assistance to maintain vital organ perfusion. Methods. We reviewed our 4-year experience with 21 patients who underwent implantation of a left ventricular assist device. Device flows and mean arterial pressure were used to assess systemic perfusion; central venous pressure provided a gauge of right ventricular function. Charts were screened for evidence of end-organ injury resulting from malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Results. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 4 patients (19%) before device placement and in 9 patients (43%) during device support. The latter nine patients formed the final study group; their arrhythmias occurred 0 to 186 days after device implantation and had a duration of 10 min to 12 days. The patients reported weakness or palpitation; however, none reported syncope or dyspnea. Mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure were insiganificantly changed by the arrhythmias. Device flow decreased by 1.4 ± 0.6 liters/min (p < 0.05) at the onset of the arrhythmias but returned to normal after cardioversion. No thromboembolic events or significant end-organ dysfunction occurred. Conclusion. Absence of right ventricular contraction during malignant ventricular arrhythmias is well tolerated in recipients of a left ventricular assist device. The diagnosis of malignant arrhythmia should be suspected if an unexplained decrease in left ventricular assist device flow occurs. Early electrical cardioversion is warranted to avoid both thrombus formation in the native heart and right ventricular myocardial injury from prolonged fibrillation.
Continuity of care: influence of general practitioners' knowledge about their patients on use of resources in consultations.
Authors: P Hjortdahl, C F Borchgrevink
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To examine the relation between general practitioners' knowledge about their patients and the use of resources in consultations.A cross sectional evaluation of consultations.A representative sample of 133 Norwegian general practitioners were each asked to record 30 consecutive consultations. 131 did so, and of 3990 possible registrations, 3918 (98%) were evaluated.The influence, as assessed by the doctor, of accumulated knowledge on the use of laboratory tests, expectant management, prescriptions, sickness certification, referrals, and time spent in the consultation.Accumulated knowledge was a substantial factor in saving time, especially in consultations with children, the elderly, patients with psychosocial problems, and those with chronic diseases. It also influenced the overall use of laboratory tests, expectant management, sickness certification, and referrals, and to a lesser degree the use of medication.The findings imply strong but complex associations between accumulated knowledge and the use of resources in the consultation.
Resistance to thyroid hormone caused by a mutation in thyroid hormone receptor (TR)α1 and TRα2: clinical, biochemical, and genetic analyses of three related patients
Authors: Carla Moran, Maura Agostini, W Edward Visser, Erik Schoenmakers, Nadia Schoenmakers, Amaka C Offiah, Ken Poole, Odelia Rajanayagam, Greta Lyons, David Halsall, Mark Gurnell, Dionisios Chrysis, Alexandra Efthymiadou, Charles Buchanan, Simon Aylwin, Krishna K Chatterjee
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2014)

BackgroundThe thyroid hormone receptor α gene (THRA) transcript is alternatively spliced to generate either thyroid hormone receptor (TR)α1 or a non-hormone-binding variant protein, TRα2, the function of which is unknown. Here, we describe the first patients identified with a mutation in THRA that affects both TRα1 and TRα2, and compare them with patients who have resistance to thyroid hormone owing to a mutation affecting only TRα1, to delineate the relative roles of TRα1 and TRα2.MethodsWe did clinical, biochemical, and genetic analyses of an index case and her two sons. We assessed physical and radiological features, thyroid function, physiological and biochemical markers of thyroid hormone action, and THRA sequence.FindingsThe patients presented in childhood with growth failure, developmental delay, and constipation, which improved after treatment with thyroxine, despite normal concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones. They had similar clinical (macrocephaly, broad faces, skin tags, motor dyspraxia, slow speech), biochemical (subnormal ratio of free thyroxine:free tri-iodothyronine [T3], low concentration of total reverse T3, high concentration of creatine kinase, mild anaemia), and radiological (thickened calvarium) features to patients with TRα1-mediated resistance to thyroid hormone, although our patients had a heterozygous mis-sense mutation (Ala263Val) in both TRα1 and TRα2 proteins. The Ala263Val mutant TRα1 inhibited the transcriptional function of normal receptor in a dominant-negative fashion. By contrast, function of Ala263Val mutant TRα2 matched its normal counterpart. In vitro, high concentrations of T3 restored transcriptional activity of Ala263Val mutant TRα1, and reversed the dominant-negative inhibition of its normal counterpart. High concentrations of T3 restored expression of thyroid hormone-responsive target genes in patient-derived blood cells.InterpretationTRα1 seems to be the principal functional product of the THRA gene. Thyroxine treatment alleviates hormone resistance in patients with mutations affecting this gene, possibly ameliorating the phenotype. These findings will help the diagnosis and treatment of other patients with resistance to thyroid hormone resulting from mutations in THRA.FundingWellcome Trust, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Marie Curie Actions, Foundation for Development of Internal Medicine in Europe.
Occurrence of allergic conditions in asthmatics with analgesic intolerance
Authors: AF Kalyoncu, G Karakaya, AA Şahin, Yİ Barış
Journal: Allergy (1999)

The study aimed to determine whether allergic conditions accompany analgesic intolerance.A total of 132 analgesic-intolerant patients with bronchial asthma admitted to the adult allergy unit from January 1991 to October 1997 and 103 patients with bronchial asthma randomly selected from among the asthmatics referred to our department between January and October 1997 were enrolled in the study. Those having analgesic intolerance and bronchial asthma were accepted as group I; patients having only asthma were accepted as group II. A standard questionnaire was completed for all the patients. Physical examination, routine skin prick tests, determination of total IgE levels and blood type, and oral analgesic provocation tests were also performed.The results showed that some allergic conditions were significantly more common in group I (22.7% and 7.8% for food allergy/intolerance [P<0.05], 16.7% and 7.8% for antibiotic allergy, 16.7% and 2.9% for dermographism, 9.8% and 1.0% for metal allergy, and 9.1% and 1.0% for chronic urticaria for groups I and II, respectively [P<0.001]). In addition, the mean of the total IgE level in the serum was higher in group I than group II (77.6 and 53.7 IU/ml; P<0.05), and the cumulative analgesic consumption was more in group I (14.2+/-17.1 and 9.1+/-12.5 boxes; P<0.05).Dermographism; chronic urticaria; antibiotic, metal, and food allergy; high levels of total IgE; and a high amount of cumulative analgesic consumption may be the conditions accompanying analgesic intolerance in asthmatics.