tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis in clinical practice
Authors: P Mandl, V Navarro-Compán, L Terslev, P Aegerter, D van der Heijde, M A D'Agostino, X Baraliakos, S J Pedersen, A G Jurik, E Naredo, C Schueller-Weidekamm, U Weber, M C Wick, P A C Bakker, E Filippucci, P G Conaghan, M Rudwaleit, G Schett, J Sieper, S Tarp, H Marzo-Ortega, M Østergaard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

A taskforce comprised of an expert group of 21 rheumatologists, radiologists and methodologists from 11 countries developed evidence-based recommendations on the use of imaging in the clinical management of both axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA). Twelve key questions on the role of imaging in SpA were generated using a process of discussion and consensus. Imaging modalities included conventional radiography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography, single photon emission CT, dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry and scintigraphy. Experts applied research evidence obtained from systematic literature reviews using MEDLINE and EMBASE to develop a set of 10 recommendations. The strength of recommendations (SOR) was assessed by taskforce members using a visual analogue scale. A total of 7550 references were identified in the search process, from which 158 studies were included in the systematic review. Ten recommendations were produced using research-based evidence and expert opinion encompassing the role of imaging in making a diagnosis of axial SpA or peripheral SpA, monitoring inflammation and damage, predicting outcome, response to treatment, and detecting spinal fractures and osteoporosis. The SOR for each recommendation was generally very high (range 8.9–9.5). These are the first recommendations which encompass the entire spectrum of SpA and evaluate the full role of all commonly used imaging modalities. We aimed to produce recommendations that are practical and valuable in daily practice for rheumatologists, radiologists and general practitioners.
Blood microvessel density, lymphatic microvessel density and lymphatic invasion in predicting melanoma metastases: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: I. Pastushenko, P.B. Vermeulen, F.J. Carapeto, G. Van den Eynden, A. Rutten, M. Ara, L.Y. Dirix, S. Van Laere
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

In malignant melanoma (MM) there is an urgent need to identify new markers with predictive value superior to the traditional clinical and histological parameters. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis have been recognized as critical processes in tumour growth and metastasis development, and numerous studies have evaluated the significance of these parameters in predicting the prognosis in solid tumours, including MM. We set out to determine whether angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic invasion (LI) are valuable prognostic markers in MM. We systematically reviewed the available literature and subsequently performed a meta-analysis on the compiled data. To be eligible for the systematic review, a study had to provide the microvessel density (MVD), the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) or information about LI, assessed by immunohistochemistry on the primary site in patients with MM. To be evaluable for the meta-analysis, a study also had to provide information on clinical outcome. We approached selected studies with the Reporting recommendations for tumour marker (REMARK) criteria, verifying whether they had followed the recommendations. In total, nine angiogenesis, seven lymphangiogenesis and 10 LI studies were included in our meta-analysis, representing 419, 474 and 802 patients, respectively. Using meta-analysis, we showed that peritumoral LVD and the presence of LI have prognostic value for patients with MM. In contrast, MVD and intratumoral LVD did not have prognostic value in these patients. LVD and LI seem to have prognostic value for patients with MM.
Relapse of sarcoidosis upon treatment with etanercept
Authors: G H Louie, P Chitkara, M M Ward
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Bootstrap [2] is a landmark method for quantifying variability. It uses sampling with replacement with a sample size equal to that of the original data. We propose the upstrap, which samples with replacement either more or fewer samples than the original sample size. We illustrate the upstrap by solving a hard, but common, sample size calculation problem.
Innovations in Olympic and Paralympic pharmacy services
Authors: Mark Stuart, David Mottram, Trudy Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Medical services have been designed and implemented for a number of major sporting events in the recent years, including Sydney 20001, Athens 20042, Singapore 20103 and Innsbruck 2012.4 Within the published reports from these Games, little or no reference was made to the important role that pharmacy plays within each of the disciplines that constitute medical services.

The health protection of athletes is a crucial role for the International Olympic Committee.5 It is therefore important that medical services at major sporting events, such as Olympic and Paralympic Games are well-planned, comprehensive and robust. Consequently, the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) were tasked with providing these services. The Medical Services for London 2012 incorporated a specialist pharmacy work stream comprising a Pharmacy Planning Committee that had an advisory and operational role for the LOCOG Medical Services. This nine-member committee, under the leadership of Mark Stuart, Pharmacy Clinical Lead, brought national expertise and experience from across the sphere of pharmacy practice. A recently published paper details the work of this committee in developing and delivering pharmacy services for London 2012.6

The objective of the present review was to evaluate the impact of a number of innovative features in the pharmacy services that had not been operated at previous major sporting events.

The primary remit of the Pharmacy Planning Committee was to design and oversee a safe, efficient and accurate dispensary service and to plan a system of supply, storage and management of medicines for use at competition and training venues. This included the design of systems to manage a range of drugs used for emergency medicine, including controlled drugs (morphine sulfate) that were carried by doctors at the competition venues.

In collaboration with the other LOCOG specialist clinical leads, …
Differential Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cadaveric and Living Donor Kidneys after Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Francine B.C. Lemos, Jan N.M. Ijzermans, Pieter E. Zondervan, Annemiek M.A. Peeters, Sandra van den Engel, Wendy M. Mol, Willem Weimar, Carla C. Baan
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. The extent of graft damage after ischemia-reperfusion reflects the balance between deleterious events and protective factors. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may contribute to cytoprotection by their anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. For investigating whether HO-1 and VEGF play a role in the adaptive response to ischemia-reperfusion injury after renal transplantation, kidney biopsies were analyzed from living (<i>n</i> = 45) and cadaveric (<i>n</i> = 16) donors, obtained at three time points: at the end of cold storage T(−1), after warm ischemia T(0), and after reperfusion T(+1). The mRNA expression levels of HO-1, VEGF<sub>165</sub>, Bcl-2, Bax, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α were quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase–PCR, and the HO-1 and VEGF proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cadaveric donor kidneys presented higher mRNA expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α. In contrast, mRNA expression levels of HO-1, VEGF<sub>165</sub>, and Bcl-2 were significantly lower in kidneys from cadaveric donors. Overall, a significant correlation was observed between mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF<sub>165</sub>, between Bcl-2 and HO-1, and between HO-1 and VEGF<sub>165</sub>. Moreover, protein expression of HO-1 and VEGF was detected in the same anatomical kidney compartments (glomerulus, arteries, and distal tubules). Renal function at the first week posttransplantation (analyzed by serum creatinine levels) showed a significant correlation with both HO-1 and VEGF mRNA expression, reinforcing the protective role of both genes in the early events of transplantation. It is concluded that the lower expression of HO-1, VEGF<sub>165</sub>, and Bcl-2 in cadaveric donor kidneys can reflect a defective adaptation against ischemia-reperfusion injury that may affect their function in the short term.
Exogenous surfactant enhances mucociliary clearance in the anaesthetized dog
Authors: GT De Sanctis, RP Tomkiewicz, BK Rubin, S Schurch, M King
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Therapy with exogenous surfactants is currently used for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (RDS) and is under investigation for treatments related to adult RDS. However, the possible use of exogenous surfactant as a means of enhancing mucus clearance in other respiratory diseases has not been addressed. We therefore studied the effects of an artificial surfactant (Curosurf) on in vivo tracheal mucus velocity in intubated pentobarbital-anaesthetized dogs. Five dogs were randomly administered, on separate occasions, either vehicle (saline) or 10 mg Curosurf by means of local instillation via a catheter into the right lung. Tracheal mucus was collected by inserting a soft-bristled cytology brush to the level of the carina, and analysed for viscoelasticity by microrheometry. Mucociliary clearability in vivo, tracheal mucus velocity (TMV) in mm.min-1, was determined by bronchoscopic observation of charcoal marker particle transit times. The initial placement of charcoal was at the same level of the lower trachea that mucus was collected from. The effect of ciliary beat frequency was assessed on the frog palate assay by a videoscopic technique. In the dog, TMV was significantly increased after administration of surfactant. The values of TMV in the vehicle- and surfactant-treated dogs were 6.3 +/- 4.0 vs 25.6 +/- 6.5 mm.min-1 (SD), respectively. There were no discernible differences between prevehicle and postvehicle TMV values, and no significant differences in any mucus viscoelastic parameter, as determined by magnetic rheometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PepT1-mediated epithelial transport of dipeptides and cephalexin is enhanced by luminal leptin in the small intestine
Authors: Marion Buyse, Françoise Berlioz, Sandra Guilmeau, Annick Tsocas, Thierry Voisin, Gabriel Péranzi, Didier Merlin, Marc Laburthe, Miguel J.M. Lewin, Claude Rozé, André Bado
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Dietary proteins are mostly absorbed as di- and tripeptides by the intestinal proton-dependent transporter PepT1. We have examined the effects of leptin on PepT1 function in rat jejunum and in monolayers of the human enterocyte-like 2 cell Caco-2. Leptin is produced by the stomach and secreted in the gut lumen. We show here that PepT1 and leptin receptors are expressed in Caco-2 and rat intestinal mucosal cells. Apical (but not basolateral) leptin increased Caco-2 cell transport of cephalexin (CFX) and glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar), an effect that was associated with increased Gly-Sar uptake, increased membrane PepT1 protein, decreased intracellular PepT1 content, and no change in PepT1 mRNA levels. The maximal velocity (Vmax) for Gly-Sar transport was significantly increased by leptin, whereas the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) did not change. Furthermore, leptin-stimulated Gly-Sar transport was completely suppressed by colchicine, which disrupts cellular translocation of proteins to plasma membranes. Intrajejunal leptin also induced a rapid twofold increase in plasma CFX after jejunal perfusion with CFX in the rat, indicating enhanced intestinal absorption of CFX. These data revealed an unexpected action of gastric leptin in controlling ingestion of dietary proteins.
MicroRNA targets in Drosophila
Authors: Anton J Enright, Bino John, Ulrike Gaul, Thomas Tuschl, Chris Sander, Debora S Marks
Journal: Genome biology (2003)

The recent discoveries of microRNA (miRNA) genes and characterization of the first few target genes regulated by miRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have set the stage for elucidation of a novel network of regulatory control. We present a computational method for whole-genome prediction of miRNA target genes. The method is validated using known examples. For each miRNA, target genes are selected on the basis of three properties: sequence complementarity using a position-weighted local alignment algorithm, free energies of RNA-RNA duplexes, and conservation of target sites in related genomes. Application to the D. melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura and Anopheles gambiae genomes identifies several hundred target genes potentially regulated by one or more known miRNAs.These potential targets are rich in genes that are expressed at specific developmental stages and that are involved in cell fate specification, morphogenesis and the coordination of developmental processes, as well as genes that are active in the mature nervous system. High-ranking target genes are enriched in transcription factors two-fold and include genes already known to be under translational regulation. Our results reaffirm the thesis that miRNAs have an important role in establishing the complex spatial and temporal patterns of gene activity necessary for the orderly progression of development and suggest additional roles in the function of the mature organism. In addition the results point the way to directed experiments to determine miRNA functions.The emerging combinatorics of miRNA target sites in the 3' untranslated regions of messenger RNAs are reminiscent of transcriptional regulation in promoter regions of DNA, with both one-to-many and many-to-one relationships between regulator and target. Typically, more than one miRNA regulates one message, indicative of cooperative translational control. Conversely, one miRNA may have several target genes, reflecting target multiplicity. As a guide to focused experiments, we provide detailed online information about likely target genes and binding sites in their untranslated regions, organized by miRNA or by gene and ranked by likelihood of match. The target prediction algorithm is freely available and can be applied to whole genome sequences using identified miRNA sequences.
Microbial‐derived lithocholic acid and vitamin K2 drive the metabolic maturation of pluripotent stem cells–derived and fetal hepatocytes
Authors: Yishai Avior, Gahl Levy, Michal Zimerman, Daniel Kitsberg, Robert Schwartz, Ronen Sadeh, Arieh Moussaieff, Merav Cohen, Joseph Itskovitz‐Eldor, Yaakov Nahmias
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

The liver is the main organ responsible for the modification, clearance, and transformational toxicity of most xenobiotics owing to its abundance in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. However, the scarcity and variability of primary hepatocytes currently limits their utility. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent an excellent source of differentiated hepatocytes; however, current protocols still produce fetal‐like hepatocytes with limited mature function. Interestingly, fetal hepatocytes acquire mature CYP450 expression only postpartum, suggesting that nutritional cues may drive hepatic maturation. We show that vitamin K 2 and lithocholic acid, a by‐product of intestinal flora, activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) and subsequent CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 expression in hPSC‐derived and isolated fetal hepatocytes. Differentiated cells produce albumin and apolipoprotein B100 at levels equivalent to primary human hepatocytes, while demonstrating an 8‐fold induction of CYP450 activity in response to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist omeprazole and a 10‐fold induction in response to PXR agonist rifampicin. Flow cytometry showed that over 83% of cells were albumin and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) positive, permitting high‐content screening in a 96‐well plate format. Analysis of 12 compounds showed an R 2 correlation of 0.94 between TC50 values obtained in stem cell–derived hepatocytes and primary cells, compared to 0.62 for HepG2 cells. Finally, stem cell–derived hepatocytes demonstrate all toxicological endpoints examined, including steatosis, apoptosis, and cholestasis, when exposed to nine known hepatotoxins. Conclusion : Our work provides fresh insights into liver development, suggesting that microbial‐derived cues may drive the maturation of CYP450 enzymes postpartum. Addition of these cues results in the first functional, inducible, hPSC‐derived hepatocyte for predictive toxicology. (H epatology 2015;62:265‐278)
Repeated Intravitreal High-Dosage Injections of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Jost B. Jonas, Ulrich H. Spandau, Bernd A. Kamppeter, Urs Vossmerbaeumer, Björn Harder, Gangolf Sauder
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Acute thrombotic occlusion of the superior vena cava treated successfully by emergency thrombectomy
Authors: V. Ketharanathan, I. McConchie, M. Mullerworth
Journal: Thorax (1971)

We report the first recorded case of acute thrombotic occlusion of the superior vena cava successfully treated by disobliterative thrombectomy. The caval thrombosis was caused by the infusion into the superior vena cava, over a period of six days, of fluids, electrolytes, aminoacids, concentrated carbohydrates, and antibiotics. Over a period of four hours, the patient became moribund due to the development of the `wet brain syndrome9. Disobliterative caval thrombectomy, performed as an emergency procedure, resulted in immediate and permanent relief.
Health effects of metals: a role for evolution?
Authors: T Clarkson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Metals have been mined and used since ancient times. The industrial era has seen a sharp increase in both the amounts and variety of metals that find applications in industry. The inadvertent release of metals, such as from fossil fuel consumption, also adds to the global burden. A number of catastrophic outbreaks have alerted us to the occupational and environmental health risks. Life on this planet has evolved in the presence of metals. Cells learned to make use of the more abundant metals in the Archean oceans as an integral component in their structure and function. Today, we inherit these as the essential metals. At the same time, evolving life must have developed means of coping with the potentially toxic actions of metals. The appearance of oxygen in the atmosphere in the Precambrian period also resulted in cells both using and developing protective mechanisms against what must have been a highly toxic, reactive gas. Atmospheric oxygen must have increased the solubility of many metals as insoluble metal sulfides were oxidized to the more soluble sulfates. It may be no coincidence that the protective mechanisms for oxygen are also used to protect against a number of toxic metals. Selected examples are given on the role of evolution in metal toxicology, specifically, examples where the normal function of essential metals is deranged by competition with nonessential metals. Examples are also given of protective mechanisms that involve enzymes or cofactors involved in the oxygen defense system.
Addition of Docetaxel to Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Patients with Hormone-sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Marcello Tucci, Valentina Bertaglia, Francesca Vignani, Consuelo Buttigliero, Cristian Fiori, Francesco Porpiglia, Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti, Massimo Di Maio
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia.
Authors: Emil Kraepelin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1856 - 1926) is justly called  father of modern psychiatry. He was the first to identify dementia praecox (schizophrenia) and manic-depression, and he pioneered the use of drugs to treat mental illness. He was also joint discoverer of Alzheimer's disease - which he named after his collaborator, Dr Alois Alzheimer. Kraepelin presented these and other discoveries in successive editions of his Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch (definitive 8th edition also now available from Thoemmes Press). Much of this gigantic textbook can only be read in the original German; but parts of it were translated into English, and they had a very profound influence on the development of world psychiatry for the rest of the 20th century. Although Bleuler's name for the disease  came to replace Kraepelin's term, Kraepelin's general description of the syndrome and division of it into subforms such as hebephrenia and catatonia has persisted. He succeeded in tying together into a single recognizable diagnostic category a disparate array of symptoms that, before Kraepelin, had not been seen as cohering. Despite myriad later refinements, Kraepelin's description of the syndrome is still the classic presentation; it very much lives on in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual used by present-day psychiatrists. Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia (1919) was the book in which Kraepelin first presented his work on schizophrenia to the English-speaking world. It was probably the most influential psychiatric text of the entire 20th century, and has now become rare. Thoemmes Press is pleased to make this facsimile of the first edition available as a single volume.
Human T cell activation. IV. T cell activation and proliferation via the early activation antigen EA 1.
Authors: S Nakamura, S S Sung, J M Bjorndahl, S M Fu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

A new mAb G38 was generated against purified EA 1, an early activation antigen. In immunoprecipitation, it was reactive with the same complex precipitated by the initial anti-EA 1 mAb P8. mAb G38 augmented PMA-induced proliferation of PBMC. It was shown to be mitogenic for purified T cells in collaboration with PMA in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was independent of monocytes and other accessory cells. mAb G38 augmented PMA-induced IL-2-R expression. In conjunction with PMA, it induced IL-2 synthesis and secretion. Its effects on IL-2-R and IL-2 expression were documented at both protein and mRNA levels. Both anti-EA 1 mAbs did not induce Ca2+ influx by themselves in PMA-treated T cells. However, the addition of second anti-mouse Ig antibodies induced readily detectable increases in [Ca2+]i. Ca2+-mediated pathways may be utilized as the transduction signal mechanisms. mAb Leu-23 was shown to be reactive with EA 1. mAb Leu-23 was also mitogenic for T cells in the presence of PMA. These findings provide evidence for a functional role for EA 1 in T cell activation and proliferation.