Gout in a New England town. A prevalence study in Sudbury, Massachusetts.
Authors: J B O'Sullivan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

<h3>Background:</h3> Previous reports indicated the strong association between smoking and onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and relation between some of lifestyle habit and disease activity of RA. <h3>Objectives:</h3> In this study, we compared differences in habits of smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee and Japanese tea intake between RA patients and healthy volunteers (Vo) in the same study population. <h3>Methods:</h3> This study was conducted based on baseline data from ongoing 10-years prospective cohort project TOMORROW study (UMIN000003876), which includes age and sex matched RA patients (n=208) and Vo (n=205). Data on smoking history and alcohol (Alc), coffee and Japanese tea intake were collected by self-reported questionnaires. Alc intake was categorized into 3 groups by calculating the amount per day using Alc unit (pure Alc 20 mg/Alc unit). We also categorized frequency of Alc intake per week into 3 groups, number of cups of coffee and Japanese tea intake per day into 4 groups each. The data of RA patients included anthropometric, blood test data, disease activity score28-ESR (DAS28-ESR), together with baseline characteristics. Using logistic multivariate regression lifestyle habits were compared between RA and Vo. <h3>Results:</h3> We analyzed 191 Vo and 198 RA with complete data about lifestyle habits. Demographic data and lifestyle habits of RA and Vo were shown in the Table 1 and 2. In RA patients, the average disease activity score 28-ESR (DAS28-ESR) was 3.49±1.34 and disease duration was 13.9±11.8 years. In multivariate analysis, smoking history (OR 5.03, 95%CI 1.42-17.9; p=0.04), 2 - 6 unit of Alc intake per day (OR 0.20, 95%CI 0.04-0.96; p=0.04) and 0 - 1 cup of caffeinated coffee intake per day (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.07-0.91; p=0.04) were significantly different between RA and Vo. However, there were no significant difference in Alc frequency, decaffeinated coffee and Japanese tea intake. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> As shown in previous reports, the smoking history was significantly higher in RA patients with an odds ratio of 5.03. And moderate intake of Alc and caffeinated coffee seems to be low in RA patients. Values are mean±SD, or n (%). *Student-T-test and Fisher’s exact test for RA and Vo. BMI, body mass index; Alc, alcohol; mHAQ, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire; bDMARDs, biologic disease modified anti-rheumatic-drugs. <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> Hitoshi Yoshimura: None declared, Kentaro Inui Speakers bureau: Takeda Pharmaceutical, Pfizer Japan, Daiichi-Sankyo Co.Ltd., Abbvie, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Eisai Co.Ltd., Eli-Lilly, Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd., Maruho Co.,Ltd, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Tatsuya Koike Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Astellas Pharma Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Janssen, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, and UCB, Yuko Sugioka: None declared, Tadashi Okano Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Koji Mandai: None declared, Yutaro Yamada Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Chugai, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Kenji Mamoto: None declared, Masahiro Tada Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Astellas Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer Japan, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Hiroaki Nakamura: None declared