tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulatory effects of neonatal exposure to TCDD, or a mixture of PCBs, p,p'-DDT, and p-p'-DDE, on methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumor development in the rat.
Authors: D Desaulniers, K Leingartner, J Russo, G Perkins, B G Chittim, M C Archer, M Wade, J Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The role of organochlorine (OC) exposure in the etiology of breast cancer remains controversial. Thus, our objective was to determine whether the most abundant and toxic OCs found in human milk could, when ingested during the neonatal period, modulate the development of mammary tumors in the rat. We prepared a mixture composed of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its major metabolite, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE), and 19 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) based on their concentrations found in the milk of Canadian women. Neonate rats at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of age were gavaged with this mixture, at 10, 100, and 1,000 times the amount that a human baby would consume. An additional group received 2.5 microg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/kg body weight (bw) by gavage at 18 days of age, instead of the mixture. On day 21, all treatment groups, except for a control group and a 1,000-mix group, received a single intraperitoneal injection of methylnitrosourea (MNU, 30 mg/kg bw), the initiator of the carcinogenic process. The average number of rats per treatment group was 33. Rats were sacrificed when their tumors reached 1 cm in size, or at 308 days of age. We prepared mammary tumors and mammary gland whole mounts for histologic analysis. There were no significant effects when only the malignant or only the benign tumors were considered. After all benign and malignant lesions were pooled, the number of mammary tumors differed among all MNU-treated groups (p = 0.02) with more lesions developing in the MNU-1,000[times] (median = 4.5; p = 0.05) and MNU-TCDD (median = 5.5; p = 0.07) compared to the MNU-0 rats (median = 2). Compared to the MNU-0 group, the percentage of rats that developed palpable tumors (benign plus malignant) was slightly higher (p = 0.06) in the MNU-TCDD group, but not in the MNU-1,000[times] group. The percentage of palpable tumors that were malignant was higher (p = 0.02) in the MNU-100[times] group (15/16, 94%) than in the MNU-0 group (10/18, 56%). The highest dose of the mixture delayed (p = 0.03) the development of tumors, but this was not observed with the MNU-TCDD treatment. These results suggest that neonatal exposure to high doses of organochlorines could favor the development of MNU-induced mammary lesions, but also delays the development of palpable tumors in the rat.
Reply: Comment on: Is progesterone elevation on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration associated with the probability of pregnancy in in vitro fertilization? A systematic review and meta-analysis. By Venetis et al (2007)
Authors: C.A. Venetis, E.M. Kolibianakis, B.C. Tarlatzis
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2008)

elevation appears associated to high serum E 2 levels on the day of hCG.In conclusion, the available evidence suggests that the elevation of circulating P concentrations at the end of the follicular phase has a negative impact on GnRH antagonist cycles.On the other hand, this negative effect remains to be demonstrated in GnRH agonist cycles; the evaluation of larger series with an appropriate (higher) threshold P value may lead to a similar outcome.The total FSH dose employed for ovarian stimulation seems to be the factor most related to circulating P, through the increase of total granulosa cells' activity. ReferencesAdonakis G, Deshpande N, Yates RW, Fleming R. Luteinizing hormone increases estradiol secretion but has no effect on progesterone concentrations in the late follicular phase of in vitro fertilization cycles in women treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and follicle-stimulating hormone.
THE TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGIC CONDITIONS OF THE UTERUS BY ZINC-AMALGAM ELECTROLYSIS.
Authors: G. BETTON MASSEY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The use of a soluble metallic electrode as the positive pole of a galvanic current is specially avoided in the usual applications to the uterine and other mucous cavities whenever the pure action of the electricity alone is desired. To avoid this disintegration of the electrode and the consequent local action of the nascent metallic salt produced by its erosion, it has been necessary to employ non-oxidizable electrodes with this pole; platinum and carbon being the only practicable materials. It has however, been more recently discovered that the nascent salts produced by the corrodible electrodes have a distinct value in certain cases, particularly those in which a local alterative and antiseptic action is desirable. The salts produced by this erosion of a base metal anode are oxychlorids, produced by union of the free oxygen, and chlorin developed by the electrical action, and being in a nascent condition are particularly active.
Abstract CT218: Wilms′ tumor gene 1 (WT1) peptide-based cancer vaccine combined with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Shigeo Koido, Sumiyuki Nishida, Sadamu Homma, Yutaka Takeda, Hideo Komita, Satoshi Morita, Toshinori Ito, Soyoko Morimoto, Yoshihiro Oka, Satoru Yanagisawa, Yoichi Toyama, Masahiro Ikegami, Hiroaki Nagano, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Hisao Tajiri, Haruo Sugiyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Wilms′ tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. To investigate the feasibility of a combination therapy consisting of gemcitabine and WT1 peptide for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, 32 HLA-A*24:02-positive patients were enrolled. HLA-A*24:02-restricted, modified 9-mer WT1 peptide (3 mg) emulsified with Montanide ISA51 adjuvant (WT1 vaccine) was injected intradermally biweekly. Moreover, gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2) was administrated on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Median survival time and one-year survival rate were 8.1 months and 29%, respectively. The association between longer survival and positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to WT1 peptide alone was statistically significant, and longer survivors featured a higher frequency of memory-phenotype WT1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) before and during treatment. In conclusion, the combination therapy was well-tolerated and promising treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. DTH-positivity to WT1 peptide alone and a higher frequency of memory-phenotype WT1-specific CTLs could be useful predictive markers for clinical efficacy. Citation Format: Shigeo Koido, Sumiyuki Nishida, Sadamu Homma, Yutaka Takeda, Hideo Komita, Satoshi Morita, Toshinori Ito, Soyoko Morimoto, Yoshihiro Oka, Satoru Yanagisawa, Yoichi Toyama, Masahiro Ikegami, Hiroaki Nagano, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Hisao Tajiri, Haruo Sugiyama. Wilms′ tumor gene 1 (WT1) peptide-based cancer vaccine combined with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT218. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT218
Androgen Receptor–Positive Salivary Duct Carcinoma: A Disease Entity With Promising New Treatment Options
Authors: Heidy C.J. Jaspers, Berit M. Verbist, Rafke Schoffelen, Vera Mattijssen, Piet J. Slootweg, Winette T.A. van der Graaf, Carla M.L. van Herpen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)
Attaining optimal asthma control: A practice parameter
Authors: James T. Li, John Oppenheimer, I. Leonard Bernstein, Richard A. Nicklas, David A. Khan, Joann Blessing-Moore, David M. Lang, Jay M. Portnoy, Diane E. Schuller, Sheldon L. Spector, Stephen A. Tilles, Dana V. Wallace
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Competition and the Teaching Hospital
Authors: David D. Marcus
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The teaching hospitals, so the conventional wisdom goes, face a bleak future.<sup>1,2</sup>In an increasingly price-conscious health care sector, teaching hospitals, with their higher cost per admission, are at a relative disadvantage in competing for insured patients.<sup>3</sup>Third-party payers are less willing than in the past to contribute toward the activities these institutions consider to be their special mission: residency programs, treatment of Medicaid recipients and of the medically indigent, and the care of more severely ill patients. The budget resolution passed by the Senate caps at the 1984 level Medicare expenditures for the direct costs of postgraduate training and reduces by 50% Medicare payments for the indirect costs attributed to medical education. In the private sector, the newly emerging trend toward selective contracting may also increase the economic difficulties that teaching hospitals are anticipating. And in the slightly more distant future, the rapid growth of the proprietary
Increased Vascularity Detected by Digital Subtraction Angiography after VEGF Gene Transfer to Human Lower Limb Artery: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Phase II Study
Authors: Kimmo Mäkinen, Hannu Manninen, Marja Hedman, Pekka Matsi, Hanna Mussalo, Esko Alhava, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy may be useful for the treatment of lower-limb ischemia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate safety and angiographic and hemodynamic responses of local catheter-mediated VEGF gene therapy in ischemic lower-limb arteries after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). For this study, we recruited patients with chronic lower-limb ischemia and atherosclerotic infrainguinal occlusion or stenosis suitable for PTA. In the study, 18 patients received 2x10(10) plaque-forming units (pfu) VEGF-adenovirus (VEGF-Ad), 17 patients received VEGF-plasmid/liposome (VEGF-P/L; 2000 microg of VEGF plasmid, 2000 microl of DOTMA:DOPE), and 19 control patients received Ringer's lactate at the angioplasty site. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to evaluate vascularity before, immediately after, and 3 months after the PTA. Clinical follow-up data, basic laboratory tests, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were evaluated. Primary endpoint was DSA analysis of vascularity, and secondary endpoints were restenosis rate, Rutherford class, and ABI after 3 months follow-up. No major gene transfer-related side effects or differences in laboratory tests were detected between the study groups. However, anti-adenovirus antibodies increased in 61% of the patients treated with VEGF-Ad. For the primary endpoint, follow-up DSA revealed increased vascularity in the VEGF-treated groups distally to the gene transfer site (VEGF-Ad P=0.03, VEGFP/L P=0.02) and in the VEGF-Ad group in the region of the clinically most severe ischemia (P=0.01). As for the secondary endpoints, mean Rutherford class and ABI showed statistically significant improvements in the VEGF-Ad and VEGF-P/L groups, but similar improvements were also seen in the control patients. We conclude that catheter-mediated VEGF gene therapy is safe and well tolerated. Angiography demonstrated that VEGF gene transfer increased vascularity after PTA in both VEGF-Ad- and VEGF-P/L-treated groups.
The Lloyd Roberts Lecture ON THE NATURE OF MAN'S STRUCTURAL IMPERFECTIONS: Given to the Royal Society of Medicine, November 16th, 1925
Authors: A. Keith
Journal: BMJ (1925)

BETWEEN tlhe activities of Archdeacon Palev and those of Elie Metchnikoff lies the greater part of tlei nineteenth centuiry.At the beginning of that century we find tlhe Archdeacon extolling the.perfections of the hiuman body- just as Celsus had done sixteen centuries before him.1By the close of the nineteenth century the alert and fearless brain of Elie Metchnikoff had discovered, or he believed he had discovered, that the human body was blemished by many imperfections.The evangelist of this new, and startling doctrine approached the study of mani's body by an untrodden pathway, one made possible by the advancing science of his day.On his arrival at the Institut Pasteur in 1888, being then 43 years of age, he set himself to investigate the meanis by which the human body combats and ]keeps at bay such swarmiiing hosts of micro-organism-s as find a natural habitat in its internal passages and recesses.He saw man's body as a battlefield-tthe scene of a per.petual warfare;r and as his investigations pro- ceeded the conviction grew on him that the chances of the body's success were imperilled by a lheritage of structures wlhich had become out of date and useless.In' the Wild Lecture given before the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, on April 22nd, 1901, lie declared that maan w was being killed by his intestinial flora," and that his great intesti had not only becomie useless, but was a positive and continual menace to the rest of his body.He believed that the stomach itself, and also part of the small intestine, could be dispensed with.Early in 1903 appeared Etudes sur Ia Nature Hiumoine2 in which MetchnikoA greatly extended the list of man's structural imperfections.Between the times of Paley and of Metchnikoff lie three great discoveries, and we must take note of them if we are to understand how it was possible for the one to praise the perfection of man's structure at thle beginning of the nine- teenth century and the other to conidemn its imperfections at the end.There was first the discover-y that man's -body was an aggregate or society of living microscopical uniits; it was Metchnikoff's fortune to approach the study of man's hiiglly * Subsequen'ly the reader will see that I use this term in a somewhat * Subsequenely the reader will seetuat I asse this term in a somewhat wider sense-one which includes irregular as well as reduced growth.I
Regional Variation in the Incidence and Outcomes of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States
Authors: Dhaval Kolte, Sahil Khera, Wilbert S. Aronow, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Marjan Mujib, Chul Ahn, Sei Iwai, Diwakar Jain, Sachin Sule, Ali Ahmed, Howard A. Cooper, William H. Frishman, Deepak L. Bhatt, Julio A. Panza, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Regional variation in the incidence and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is not well studied and may have important health and policy implications. Methods and Results— We used the 2003 to 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify patients ≥18 years of age who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification procedure codes 99.60 and 99.63) for IHCA. Regional differences in IHCA incidence, survival to hospital discharge, and resource use (total hospital cost and discharge disposition among survivors) were analyzed. Of 838 465 patients with IHCA, 162 270 (19.4%) were in the Northeast, 159 581 (19.0%) were in the Midwest, 316 201 (37.7%) were in the South, and 200 413 (23.9%) were in the West. Overall IHCA incidence in the United States was 2.85 per 1000 hospital admissions. IHCA incidence was lowest in the Midwest and highest in the West (2.33 and 3.73 per 1000 hospital admissions, respectively). Compared with the Northeast, risk-adjusted survival to discharge was significantly higher in the Midwest (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–1.36), South (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.23), and West (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–1.27). IHCA survival increased significantly from 2003 to 2011 in the United States and in all regions (all P trend &lt;0.001). Total hospital cost was highest in the West, whereas discharge to skilled nursing facility and use of home health care among survivors was highest in the Northeast. Conclusions— We observed significant regional variation in IHCA incidence, survival, and resource use in the United States. This variation was explained only partially by differences in patient and hospital characteristics. Further studies are needed to identify other potential factors responsible for these regional differences to improve outcomes after IHCA.
A regimen combining the Wee1 inhibitor AZD1775 with HDAC inhibitors targets human acute myeloid leukemia cells harboring various genetic mutations
Authors: L Zhou, Y Zhang, S Chen, M Kmieciak, Y Leng, H Lin, K A Rizzo, C I Dumur, A Ferreira-Gonzalez, Y Dai, S Grant
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Sexual dysfunction in Asian couples.
Authors: D Bhugra, C Cordle
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Background and Aims:</h3> Clinical hospitals need to correctly identify extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in infected patients to correctly treat the patient and avoid spreading antibiotic resistance. Kuwaiti hospitals use one laboratory test for detecting ESBL bacteria. This study evaluated whether that was sufficient to detect ESBL bacteria, and compared the Vitek system with other detection systems. <h3>Methods:</h3> (<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>K oxytoca</i> and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>) were collected from five different Kuwaiti main hospitals, all of which were flagged as ESBL-positive by the Vitek 2 system. The isolates were retested by the Vitek 2 system, and were also tested by double disc diffusion (DDD), the disc approximation test, the E-test and the MicroScan system for the detection of ESBLs. <h3>Results:</h3> Retesting with the Vitek system revealed 100% compatibility with the results of the source hospitals. The MicroScan system, DDD, disc approximation test and E-test could detect ESBL in 199, 192, 178 and 205 isolates, respectively. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Technically, the MicroScan and Vitek 2 systems were the least demanding method to detect ESBL as it is an integral part of the routine susceptibility test card. E-test strips were reliable but the most expensive of all techniques used. The DDD test and disc approximation, while relatively inexpensive, were technically subjective. The Vitek system may be very suitable in clinical laboratories, but would be better if accompanied with another test for detection of ESBL bacteria.
Discovery of the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis.
Authors: A. J. Macpherson, I. Bjarnason, I. C. Forgacs
Journal: BMJ (1992)

increase in admissions to hospital during their study because patients presenting in this way are more likely to be admitted than those managed at home.The main value of these studies is to draw attention to the disadvantages of using routine mortality and morbidity statistics or surveys of self reported asthma or reported disease by a parent to assess the true trend in the prevalence of asthma.More reliable information may be obtained by validating changes in responses to standardised questionnaires against objective assessments of the disease.One recent study that provides data of this quality showed a doubling in the prevalence of asthma reported by parents in 12 year old children over 15 years, which was associated with compatible increases in the prevalences of wheezing and exercise induced bronchoconstriction."The more recent study by Ninan and Russell (p 873) does not include an objective validation of the reported increase in asthma prevalence but shows a doubling of self reported wheeze and the proportion of those with wheeze who report a diagnosis of asthma.Collectively these data provide evidence that, despite possible artefacts intro- duced by changes in recognition or labelling, the true prevalence of asthma has increased.The reporting in both studies8 11 that the prevalence of hayfever and eczema had also increased substantially suggests that the increase in wheezing is part of a more general increase in the expression of atopic disease.It is now important to establish whether the same applies in other sections of the population and to begin to look for explanations.
LONG TERM OUTCOMES FOLLOWING FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE GUIDED TREATMENT OF INDETERMINATE LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A META-ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDIES
Authors: Auras Ravi Atreya, Jaya Mallidi, James Cook, Jane Garb, Allen Jeremias, Lloyd Klein, Amir Lotfi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Risk factors for MDS and acute leukemia following total therapy 2 and 3 for multiple myeloma
Authors: Saad Z. Usmani, Jeffrey Sawyer, Adam Rosenthal, Michele Cottler-Fox, Joshua Epstein, Shmuel Yaccoby, Rachael Sexton, Antje Hoering, Zeba Singh, Christoph J. Heuck, Sarah Waheed, Nabeel Chauhan, Donald Johann, Al-Ola Abdallah, Jameel Muzaffar, Nathan Petty, Clyde Bailey, John Crowley, Frits van Rhee, Bart Barlogie
Journal: Blood (2013)
High grade heart block in association with SLE
Authors: C S Edwards
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

A 35 year old Afro-Caribbean man was referred by the dermatology department in March 2002. He had a 2 year history of a photosensitive rash, patchy alopecia, and a 1 year history of arthralgia affecting wrists, knees, and shoulders. He also described occasional night sweats. There was no history of thromboembolic events or migraine.

On examination he had two patches of alopecia and a small right knee effusion. His pulse was 64 beats per minute and regular, with a blood pressure of 120/70 and normal heart sounds. Otherwise his examination was unremarkable.

Investigations showed: positive antinuclear antibody (ANA; 1/160 homogeneous pattern); positive double stranded DNA on enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing (169 IU/ml; negative <40); extractable nuclear antigen negative …
Reduction of Abnormal Foot Pressures in Diabetic Neuropathy Using a New Polymer Insole Material
Authors: Andrew J M Boulton, Christopher I Franks, Roderic P Betts, Thomas Duckworth, John D Ward
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The precise pressures and loads under 69 neuropathic feet have been measured during walking using a modified microprocessor-controlled optical system. Abnormally high pressures were demonstrated in 94% of feet with a history of foot ulceration, with pressures as high as 20-30 kg X cm-2 under the forefoot. All subjects were also studied using a new visco-elastic polymer material recently used for insole manufacture. A reduction in pressure was demonstrated that was proportional to peak pressure (linear regression line correlation coefficient of 0.91; P less than 0.001). We conclude that this material causes a significant reduction in the abnormally high pressures recorded under neuropathic feet, and should provide a useful insole for the management of patients at risk of neuropathic foot ulceration.