tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NI-86 * COMBINED AWAKE BRAIN MAPPING AND LOW-FIELD INTRAOPERATIVE MRI FOR BRAIN TUMOR RESECTION
Authors: S. M. Zavarella, S. V. Gandhi, D. Nardi, S. Schaffer, M. Schulder
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Surgery for patients with intraparenchymal brain tumors is often reported as being done with intraoperative MRI guidance or with awake mapping, but rarely with these two methods in tandem. We report our experience performing awake image-guided surgery using a compact iMRI. METHODS: Surgery in 25 patients was done using the PoleStar iMRI system (Medtronic Surgical Technologies). All patients had a glioma in the dominant hemisphere for language. Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on how mapping and imaging effected surgery: Group A: gross total resection (GTR) without imaging; Group B: GTR with the aid of iMRI; Group C: language mapping stopped surgery before further imaging; Group D: language mapping stopped surgery after iMRI revealed residual tumor. RESULTS: The number of iMRI scans acquired ranged from 1 to 5 (mean 2.6), adding an average of 1.4 hours to surgery. There were 7/25 patients in Group A, 6/25 in Group B, 3/25 in Group C, and 9/25 in Group D. Overall, intraoperative imaging led to further resection in 15/25 patients, while language mapping stopped surgery in 12/25. Gross total resection was achieved in 13 patients. A mean follow up of 16.9 months revealed no major new postoperative deficits. Minor deficits of language, calculation, contralateral weakness occurred in 12/25 patients, while language function worsened in 3 patients (12%). CONCLUSIONS: Neurosurgeons should not have to choose between these two modalities, removing the guesswork out of intracranial tumor surgery. Compact iMRI is easily integrated with awake surgery and cortical mapping to ensure accurate resection of gliomas in the dominant hemisphere, while preserving neurological function. In only a small minority of patients with such tumors can a GTR be safely achieved without the use of iMRI and/or language mapping.
Prognostic factors of acute heart failure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: B. Sztrymf, R. Souza, L. Bertoletti, X. Jaïs, O. Sitbon, L. C. Price, G. Simonneau, M. Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Acute right ventricular failure in the setting of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) often requires hospitalisation in intensive care units (ICU) to manage the subsequent low cardiac output and its consequences. There are very few data on these acute events. We recorded demographic, clinical and biological data and therapy in consecutive patients suffering from acute right heart failure requiring catecholamine treatment in the ICU of the French referral centre for pulmonary hypertension. These variables were analysed according to the survival status in ICU. 46 patients were included, the mean age was 50.3 yrs. ICU mortality was 41%. We found no difference in terms of demographics, clinical data, last haemodynamic measurements at admission. Systemic arterial pressure was significantly lower in the subgroup of patients whose clinical course was fatal. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum sodium and creatinine at admission correlated with survival. Demonstration of an infection during the ICU stay was associated with a worse prognosis. These preliminary results underline the importance of some simple clinical and biological parameters in the prognostic evaluation of acute heart failure in the setting of PAH. Whether these parameters can guide therapy needs to be further investigated.
Pivotal Evaluation of the Accuracy of a Biomarker Used for Classification or Prediction: Standards for Study Design
Authors: Margaret S. Pepe, Ziding Feng, Holly Janes, Patrick M. Bossuyt, John D. Potter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Research methods for biomarker evaluation lag behind those for evaluating therapeutic treatments. Although a phased approach to development of biomarkers exists and guidelines are available for reporting study results, a coherent and comprehensive set of guidelines for study design has not been delineated. We describe a nested case–control study design that involves prospective collection of specimens before outcome ascertainment from a study cohort that is relevant to the clinical application. The biomarker is assayed in a blinded fashion on specimens from randomly selected case patients and control subjects in the study cohort. We separately describe aspects of the design that relate to the clinical context, biomarker performance criteria, the biomarker test, and study size. The design can be applied to studies of biomarkers intended for use in disease diagnosis, screening, or prognosis. Common biases that pervade the biomarker research literature would be eliminated if these rigorous standards were followed.
Usefulness of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as a Marker of Airway Inflammation in Cough-Variant and Bronchial Asthma
Authors: T SHIMODA, M IMAOKA, R KISHIKAWA, S SHOJI, S NISHIMA, Y OBASE, A MIYATAKE, S KASAYAMA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Global condensation: a "climate change" towards better standardisation of exhaled breath condensate measurements
Authors: P. P. R. Rosias, Q. Jöbsis, K. van de Kant, C. Robroeks, C. P. van Schayck, L. J. I. Zimmermann, E. Dompeling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Global condensation: a ''climate change'' towards better standardisation of exhaled breath condensate measurementsTo the Editors:We read with great interest the letter by LIU et al.[1] and fully agree that exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection devices significantly affect EBC biomarker levels, and that absolute values from different devices are not directly comparable [1, 2].We also agree that one single (currently available) collection device may not be ideal for all applications and that, in future studies, each marker may need to be tested by a variety of devices in order to determine the optimal collection apparatus [2].In our opinion, some additional considerations of EBC methodology should be made.We believe that these may change our current view on the variability associated with the measurement of exhaled markers in EBC.In turn, this altered consciousness may provide a tentative way out of current methodological controversies and, by consequence, it may offer new perspectives towards the standardisation of EBC methodology [3].
STUDIES ON INFLAMMATION
Authors: Valy Menkin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Blood serum digested by trypsin yields split products which, when injected into the skin of normal rabbits, rapidly increase the permeability of small cutaneous vessels. This is likewise followed in the affected tissue by prompt local migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The tryptic digest of blood serum can be purified by methods previously described (3). The resulting crystalline substance alters the permeability of the capillary wall and favors local migration of leukocytes in a manner similar to leukotaxine proper. The present observations indicate that leukotaxine, or a substance having at least identical biological properties, appears to have been formed by proteolytic enzymatic action on an otherwise relatively inactive blood serum. This finding serves as additional evidence in support of the view that leukotaxine, recovered from inflammatory exudates, is probably an intermediary product of protein catabolism.
Early-Life Bisphenol A Exposure and Child Body Mass Index: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Joseph M. Braun, Bruce P. Lanphear, Antonia M. Calafat, Sirad Deria, Jane Khoury, Chanelle J. Howe, Scott A. Venners
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Early-life exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may increase childhood obesity risk, but few prospective epidemiological studies have investigated this relationship. We sought to determine whether early-life exposure to BPA was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) at 2-5 years of age in 297 mother-child pairs from Cincinnati, Ohio (HOME Study). Urinary BPA concentrations were measured in samples collected from pregnant women during the second and third trimesters and their children at 1 and 2 years of age. BMI z-scores were calculated from weight/height measures conducted annually from 2 through 5 years of age. We used linear mixed models to estimate BMI differences or trajectories with increasing creatinine-normalized BPA concentrations. After confounder adjustment, each 10-fold increase in prenatal (β = -0.1; 95% CI: -0.5, 0.3) or early-childhood (β = -0.2; 95% CI: -0.6, 0.1) BPA concentrations was associated with a modest and nonsignificant reduction in child BMI. These inverse associations were suggestively stronger in girls than in boys [prenatal effect measure modification (EMM) p-value = 0.30, early-childhood EMM p-value = 0.05], but sex-specific associations were imprecise. Children in the highest early-childhood BPA tercile had lower BMI at 2 years (difference = -0.3; 95% CI: -0.6, 0.0) and larger increases in their BMI slope from 2 through 5 years (BMI increase per year = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.18) than children in the lowest tercile (BMI increase per year = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13). All associations were attenuated without creatinine normalization. Prenatal and early-childhood BPA exposures were not associated with increased BMI at 2-5 years of age, but higher early-childhood BPA exposures were associated with accelerated growth during this period.
Depolymerisation products of hyaluronic acid after exposure to oxygen-derived free radicals.
Authors: J D McNeil, O W Wiebkin, W H Betts, L G Cleland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Preparative chromatographic fractions of human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid (HA) of a molecular weight of 10(6) were subjected to graded oxygen-derived free radical (oxy radical) fluxes produced by: (a) the autoxidation of ferrous ions; (b) the action of xanthine oxidase (XO) on hypoxanthine (HX); and (c) by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes that had been stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Analysis by gel chromatography of the products obtained with each of the oxy radical generating systems showed polydispersity in size. The smallest molecules detected had a molecular weight of 10(4). This limiting size was not reduced further by exposure to a second oxy radical flux. The relative proportions of large, medium, and small degradation products were established for various levels of oxy radical flux. Consistently a relatively rapid transition from large to small material was seen on Sepharose 2B chromatography, suggesting an ordered element to the breakdown process. Although the decrease in molecular weight after oxy radical exposure was confirmed by analytical ultracentrifugation, this procedure showed that those samples of lowest viscosity did not have the lowest sedimentation values, possibly reflecting oxy radical-induced repolymerisation. If the size and possibly the conformational characteristics of HA are altered, oxy radical exposure might be expected to alter its biological properties.
Increased serum levels of chromogranin A in male smokers with airway obstruction
Authors: S. Sorhaug, A. Langhammer, H. L. Waldum, K. Hveem, S. Steinshamn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The neuroendocrine (NE) system may play an important role in smoking-induced airway diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between serum levels of the general NE marker chromogranin A (CgA) and smoking habits, respiratory symptoms and lung function. The study population consisted of never-smokers with normal lung function, smokers with normal lung function and smokers with airway obstruction who were randomly selected from the lung study of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Serum CgA was determined in 151, 138 and 116 subjects, respectively. All subjects were seronegative for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. Male smokers with airway obstruction had significantly higher serum CgA levels (median 3.70 nmol·L<sup>-1</sup> (interquartile range 3.10–5.15)) than both smokers with normal lung function (3.00 nmol·L<sup>-1</sup> (2.50–3.67)) and never-smokers with normal lung function (2.90 nmol·L<sup>-1</sup> (2.57–3.30)). The elevated levels of CgA correlated with the degree of airway obstruction. Moreover, the presence of respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis among male smokers were associated with increased serum CgA levels. Females had CgA levels similar to male smokers independent of smoking status and lung function. Elevated serum chromogranin A levels in subjects with airway obstruction and respiratory symptoms may represent neuroendocrine activation in inflammatory or remodelling processes in the lung.
AN EOSINOPHIL LEUKOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR OF ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: A. B. Kay, Daniel J. Stechschulte, K. Frank Austen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The capacity of actively or passively sensitized guinea pig lung to react with antigen to release a factor specifically chemotactic for eosinophil leukocytes (ECF-A) has been demonstrated. The release of ECF-A was also accompanied by the elaboration of both histamine and SRS-A and the appearance of all these mediators exhibited a similar response in terms of the time course of passve sensitization, the effect of antigen dose, the time course of release, divalent cation dependence and enhancement by the presence of succinate or maleate. Decomplementation by the administration of purified cobra venom factor had no effect on the antigen-induced release of ECF-A from actively or passively sensitized lung fragments. When fragments of guinea pig lung were passively sensitized with fractions of guinea pig 7S IgG, only the IgG(1)-containing fractions prepared tissue for the antigen-induced release of ECF-A. Histamine, SRS-A, bradykinin, serotonin, and the prostaglandins PGE(1), PGE(2), and PGF(2alpha) were not eosinophilotactic per se; neither was ECF-A detected following the incubation of these agents with sensitized lung in the absence of antigen. Both eosinophilotactic activity and SRS-A survived extraction in 80% ethanol and evaporation to dryness. SRS-A, however, withstood boiling in alkaline solution for 20 min, whereas ECF-A activity was abolished by this procedure. SRS-A and ECF-A could also be separated by gel filtration. ECF-A activity was completely recovered following its passage through a column of Sephadex G-25 and had an estimated molecular weight of between 500 and 1000. On the basis of size and a formation mechanism independent of the complement system, ECF-A is distinguishable from a previously described complement-dependent eosinophilotactic factor (ECF-C). Thus, ECF-A represents a hitherto undescribed agent which selectively attracts eosinophil leukocytes.
Induction of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in VEGF-A transgenic mice results in chronic skin inflammation associated with persistent lymphatic hyperplasia
Authors: Rainer Kunstfeld, Satoshi Hirakawa, Young-Kwon Hong, Vivien Schacht, Bernhard Lange-Asschenfeldt, Paula Velasco, Charles Lin, Edda Fiebiger, Xunbin Wei, Yan Wu, Daniel Hicklin, Peter Bohlen, Michael Detmar
Journal: Blood (2004)
Advances in Computed Tomography Imaging Technology
Authors: Daniel Thomas Ginat, Rajiv Gupta
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2014)

Computed tomography (CT) is an essential tool in diagnostic imaging for evaluating many clinical conditions. In recent years, there have been several notable advances in CT technology that already have had or are expected to have a significant clinical impact, including extreme multidetector CT, iterative reconstruction algorithms, dual-energy CT, cone-beam CT, portable CT, and phase-contrast CT. These techniques and their clinical applications are reviewed and illustrated in this article. In addition, emerging technologies that address deficiencies in these modalities are discussed.
Grease-gun Injury
Authors: J. A. M. Phillipson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

charged between the second and the sixth day from the Jessop Hospital for Women 158 were satisfied, even enthusiastic, with the arrangements, 28 were doubtful (nearly always because of inadequate help in the home), and only 13 said they were not satisfied.One felt unable to give an opinion, having been readmitted with secondary post- partum haemorrhage.In practice, many patients specially ask to be booked for 48 hotirs, and there are a few who should be confined in hospital for medical reasons who are clearly very unwilling to come in unless short stay is promised.Unlike Sir Andrew Claye I believe that for a proportion of patients the deliberate planning for a 48-hour discharge from maternity unit is the correct thing to do, for it provides the patient with the best of both worlds; this arrangement, however, must be -planned in advance and must be supported by efficient lines of communication and a real sense of team-work among those providing maternity care.Above all, the patient's home conditions must be suitable for early discharge, and in particular there must be sufficient help to give the mother enough pro- tection from the everyday affairs that she is going to have to take up again soon enough.-
Massive haemoptysis: the definition should be revised
Authors: W. H. Ibrahim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

We thank L. Mascitelli and colleagues for their interesting comments about the role of the renin-angiotensin system in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Our review [1] was intended to provide guidance on current established therapies rather than consider potential future treatment options and hence we did not include a comment relevant to this interesting but, as yet, unproven treatment approach.The only data we are aware of that directly addresses this were published recently in the European Respiratory Journal and did not find improvements in pre-specified outcomes after blockade of the renin-angiotensin system [2].This does not preclude a role for this system in some settings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, it did make us cautious about commenting specifically on the role of these drugs in a review of current disease management.
Unique Kir2.x Properties Determine Regional and Species Differences in the Cardiac Inward Rectifier K <sup>+</sup> Current
Authors: Amit S. Dhamoon, Sandeep V. Pandit, Farzad Sarmast, Keely R. Parisian, Prabal Guha, You Li, Suveer Bagwe, Steven M. Taffet, Justus M.B. Anumonwo
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

The inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 2.x channels mediate the cardiac inward rectifier potassium current (I(K1)). In addition to differences in current density, atrial and ventricular I(K1) have differences in outward current profiles and in extracellular potassium ([K+]o) dependence. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to study these properties in heterologously expressed Kir2.x channels and atrial and ventricular I(K1) in guinea pig and sheep hearts. Kir2.x channels showed distinct rectification profiles: Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 rectified completely at potentials more depolarized than -30 mV (I approximately 0 pA). In contrast, rectification was incomplete for Kir2.3 channels. In guinea pig atria, which expressed mainly Kir2.1, I(K1) rectified completely. In sheep atria, which predominantly expressed Kir2.3 channels, I(K1) did not rectify completely. Single-channel analysis of sheep Kir2.3 channels showed a mean unitary conductance of 13.1+/-0.1 pS in 15 cells, which corresponded with I(K1) in sheep atria (9.9+/-0.1 pS in 32 cells). Outward Kir2.1 currents were increased in 10 mmol/L [K+]o, whereas Kir2.3 currents did not increase. Correspondingly, guinea pig (but not sheep) atrial I(K1) showed an increase in outward currents in 10 mmol/L [K+]o. Although the ventricles of both species expressed Kir2.1 and Kir2.3, outward I(K1) currents rectified completely and increased in high [K+]o-displaying Kir2.1-like properties. Likewise, outward current properties of heterologously expressed Kir2.1-Kir2.3 complexes in normal and 10 mmol/L [K+]o were similar to Kir2.1 but not Kir2.3. Thus, unique properties of individual Kir2.x isoforms, as well as heteromeric Kir2.x complexes, determine regional and species differences of I(K1) in the heart.
Flowing cells through pulsed electric fields efficiently purges stem cell preparations of contaminating myeloma cells while preserving stem cell function
Authors: Abie Craiu, Yoriko Saito, Ana Limon, Henry M. Eppich, Douglas P. Olson, Neil Rodrigues, Gregor B. Adams, David Dombkowski, Paul Richardson, Robert Schlossman, Peter S. Choi, Jonathan Grogins, Paula G. O'Connor, Kenneth Cohen, Eyal C. Attar, Jay Freshman, Rebecca Rich, Joseph A. Mangano, John G. Gribben, Kenneth C. Anderson, David T. Scadden
Journal: Blood (2004)
An antigen-specific signal is required for the activation of second-order suppressor T cells in the regulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid.
Authors: M Tsurufuji, B Benacerraf, M S Sy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Suppressor T cells (Ts-1) induced with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC) can be enriched on antigen-coated plates and are afferent suppressors. In addition, these suppressor cells produced soluble suppressor factors (TsF) that were active in vivo. Therefore, the Ts-1 cells in the TNP system are very similar to the Ts-1 cells in other systems we have studied earlier. Further characterization of these TsF-1 revealed that TsF-1 obtained from TNP-SC-induced Ts-1 is major histocompatibility complex restricted in its activity. Injection of TNP-specific TsF-1 into naive mice did not induce Ts-2 unless additional corresponding antigen was provided. Moreover, the Ts-2 cells induced by administration of both TsF-1 and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid were antigen specific rather than antiidiotypic.
Leukemia Cell-Rhabdovirus Vaccine: Personalized Immunotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: David P. Conrad, Jovian Tsang, Meaghan Maclean, Jean-Simon Diallo, Fabrice Le Boeuf, Chantal G. Lemay, Theresa J. Falls, Kelley A. Parato, John C. Bell, Harold L. Atkins
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains incurable in most adults. It has been difficult to provide effective immunotherapy to improve outcomes for the majority of patients. Rhabdoviruses induce strong antiviral immune responses. We hypothesized that mice administered ex vivo rhabdovirus-infected ALL cells [immunotherapy by leukemia-oncotropic virus (iLOV)] would develop robust antileukemic immune responses capable of controlling ALL.Viral protein production, replication, and cytopathy were measured in human and murine ALL cells exposed to attenuated rhabdovirus. Survival following injection of graded amounts of ALL cells was compared between cohorts of mice administered γ-irradiated rhabdovirus-infected ALL cells (iLOV) or multiple control vaccines to determine key immunotherapeutic components and characteristics. Host immune requirements were assessed in immunodeficient and bone marrow-transplanted mice or by adoptive splenocyte transfer from immunized donors. Antileukemic immune memory was ascertained by second leukemic challenge in long-term survivors.Human and murine ALL cells were infected and killed by rhabdovirus; this produced a potent antileukemia vaccine. iLOV protected mice from otherwise lethal ALL by developing durable leukemia-specific immune-mediated responses (P < 0.0001), which required an intact CTL compartment. Preexisting antiviral immunity augmented iLOV potency. Splenocytes from iLOV-vaccinated donors protected 60% of naïve recipients from ALL challenge (P = 0.0001). Injecting leukemia cells activated by, or concurrent with, multiple Toll-like receptor agonists could not reproduce the protective effect of iLOV. Similarly, injecting uninfected irradiated viable, apoptotic, or necrotic leukemia cells with/without concurrent rhabdovirus administration was ineffective.Rhabdovirus-infected leukemia cells can be used to produce a vaccine that induces robust specific immunity against aggressive leukemia.