tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thirty-four year follow up of patients with breast cancer in clinical trial of postoperative radiotherapy.
Authors: M K Palmer, G G Ribeiro
Journal: BMJ (1985)

An extended follow up to a maximum of 34 years was carried out on a series of 1461 patients who had been entered into a randomised clinical trial comparing immediate postoperative radiotherapy (treated group) with an optional delayed radiotherapy policy (watched group) after Halsted radical mastectomy for operable breast cancer. Long term survival was compared separately in patients with negative and positive axillary nodes and in two periods when different techniques of radiotherapy were used. No significant differences were noted in survival overall or in any subgroup. In patients with negative axillary nodes treated in the earlier period when the "quadrate" radiotherapy technique was used, however, the difference in survival was of borderline significance (p = 0.052), to the benefit of the watched group. Because of the large numbers of patients entered and the long follow up any possible harmful or beneficial effect of immediate postoperative radiotherapy would have been apparent in the results of this trial. The absence of any such effect implies that postoperative radiotherapy given to prevent or delay local recurrence of breast cancer is unlikely to be associated with a detectable effect on survival.
Varying populations of CD59‐negative, partly positive, and normally positive blood cells in different cell lineages in peripheral blood of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients
Authors: Seitoku Fujioka, Teruo Yamada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract CD59‐antigen expression on the surface membranes of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets was determined by flow cytometry in 34 healthy controls and 17 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). In all PNH patients, CD59‐negative erythrocytes accounted for &gt; 10% of the total erythrocyte population. Two erythrocyte populations (CD59‐negative and normally positlve or CD59‐negative and partly positive), three populations (CD59‐negative, partly positive, and normally positive), and one population (CD59‐negative) were demonstrated in ten, six, and one patients, respectively. However, CD59‐negative granulocytes did not account for &gt; 10% of the total granulocytes in two patients, and one of them had only a CD59 normally positive granulocyte population. A particular granulocyte population extended over both CD59‐negative and partly positive areas was shown in two patients. Two populations (CD59‐negative and normally positive) and one population (CD59‐negatlve) were demonstrated in monocytes and lymphocytes. CD59‐negative lymphocytes accounted for &gt;50% of the total lymphocytes in only two patients. Three patients had a CD59 normally positive lymphocyte population. Percentages of CD59‐positive platelet population in normal controls were widely various. Therefore, it was usually difficult to discriminate between PNH‐affected and normal platelets. Thus, the flow cytometric profiles of CD59‐antigen expression varied not only between PNH patients but between cell lineages. The present results and our prior study indicate that CD59 flow cytometry using erythrocytes and granulocytes is most suitable for diagnosing PNH. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Achilles Tendon Areflexia in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Arthur Krosnick
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ACHILLES TENDON AREFLEXIA in a diabetic patient is usually a sign of diabetic neuropathy. Testing the Achilles tendon reflex (ATR) may also be useful in screening for diabetes.<sup>1</sup>Conventionally, reflexes are quantitated numerically (0 to 4+) or descriptively (absent, hypoactive, normal, hyperactive). This method is, of course, highly subjective and utterly useless when one attempts to judge subtle changes over a period of months or years. Furthermore, the ATR may appear to be falsely absent when reinforcement or the kneeling position is not used. This study was an attempt to measure and record the Achilles tendon reflex in an objective, reproducible fashion in diabetic patients. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> An ATR measuring device (Burdick FM-1 Photomotograph) was used in conjunction with an electrocardiograph to make Photomotograms on 157 diabetic and 196 nondiabetic subjects. Records were made of both the right and left Achilles tendon reflexes as the patient knelt on
Failure to control mosquitoes has led to two fever epidemics in India
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2006)

India is battling an unprecedented epidemic of chikungunya, an uncommon viral fever spread by mosquito bites.

It is thought that more than 1.3 million people across southern and central India have been infected. Meanwhile a simultaneous outbreak of dengue haemorrhagic fever, spread by the same species of mosquito, has affected 3600 people and killed 48 in several states.

Doctors say that India's weak mechanisms for disease surveillance and a steady deterioration of …
Emotional intelligence in athletes and non-athletes and its relationship with demographic variables
Authors: Fatemeh Pasand
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Participation in sports activities is one of the best ways physical and mental health (1, 2). The purpose of this study was evaluation emotional intelligence among athletes and non-athletes and its relationship with demographic variables that 240 participants (200 athletes and 40 non-athletes) using emotional intelligence scale (Bar-On) were evaluated. For analysis of data were used Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and t test. Results research indicates there was no significant difference between emotional intelligence scores of athletes and non-athletes. There are significant difference (p &lt;0.05) between variables of age with emotional intelligence as well as with problem-solving, independent action, realism, interpersonal relationships, responsibility and empathy components (p &lt;0.01). In general we can say that emotional intelligence of these people that enables to control their emotions and understanding of themselves and others in the regulation of relationships with others are more successful, with daily stress to deal more easily and therefore health may enjoy more favourable psychological. Thus, the increasing importance of sports participation should be strengthened. Our findings provide a basis for research to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and physical activity.
Successful treatment of Cushing's disease using yttrium-90 rods.
Authors: M C White, F H Doyle, K Mashiter, G F Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Interstitial irradiation using yttrium-90 (90Y) rods implanted by needle into the pituitary gland was used as primary treatment in 16 patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's disease. Clinical and biochemical remission was observed within three or six months in 13 and in the remaining three after a supplementary implant. There was no perioperative morbidity. Follow-up from the time of definitive operation ranged from six to 123 months (mean 39). No recurrence has been observed. The return of a normal diurnal cortisol rhythm has been observed in 10/12 patients studied after remission. Some form of long-term pituitary hormone replacement therapy was required in only the six patients who had received the largest irradiation dose. Implantation of 90Y is safe and effective treatment for patients with Cushing's disease, comparing favourably with selective trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are underutilized among patients who undergo cardiac catheterization following acute myocardial infarction: Observations from the NRMI-4
Authors: John G. Canto, Eric Peterson, Charles Pollack, Lori Parsons, Nathan R. Every, William J. Rogers, Catarina I. Kiefe, Kathee Litrell, Hal V. Barron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Dark Side of E2F1: In Transit beyond Apoptosis
Authors: David Engelmann, Brigitte M. Pützer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract E2F1 plays a critical role in cell-cycle progression and the induction of apoptosis in response to DNA damage. The latest evidence has uncovered that this tumor suppressor is most relevant for cancer progression and chemoresistance. Increased abundance of E2F1 triggers invasion and metastasis by activating growth receptor signaling pathways, which in turn promote an antiapoptotic tumor environment. The data shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying E2F1-induced prometastatic activity and predict its radical switch from a mediator of cell death toward an accelerator of tumor progression. This raises the perspective of new drug targets at late-stage cancer. Cancer Res; 72(3); 571–5. ©2012 AACR.
A non-invasive algorithm accurately predicts advanced fibrosis in hepatitis C: A comparison using histology with internal–external validation
Authors: Silvia Paggi, Agostino Colli, Mirella Fraquelli, Mauro Viganò, Paolo Del Poggio, Corinna Facciotto, Massimo Colombo, Guido Ronchi, Dario Conte
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Systemic and regional hemodynamic and humoral effects of nitrendipine in essential hypertension.
Authors: E Grossman, S Oren, G E Garavaglia, F H Messerli, E D Frohlich
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The hemodynamic effects of 3 months of nitrendipine therapy were evaluated in 14 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Nitrendipine reduced systolic and diastolic pressures from 145 +/- 4/95 +/- 3 to 119 +/- 3/78 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively, (p less than 0.001) through a fall in total peripheral resistance index (46 +/- 4 to 34 +/- 3 units/m2, p less than 0.001) without associated reflex cardiac stimulation. This antihypertensive effect was related directly to the height of pretreatment arterial pressure (r = -0.67, p = 0.006) but not to age or pretreatment plasma renin activity. Renal and forearm blood flow increased, vascular resistance decreased, and glomerular filtration rate remained stable. In addition, nitrendipine reduced left ventricular mass index (133 +/- 7 to 116 +/- 5 g/m2, p = 0.003) and wall thickness, changes that were accompanied by improvement in diastolic as well as systolic (ejection fraction and fractional fiber shortening rate) left ventricular functions. Intravascular volume did not expand with reduction in pressure. This study provides new information concerning the long-term hemodynamic effects and associated echocardiographic changes with nitrendipine. It also provides the first regional hemodynamic data in essential hypertensive patients detailing forearm and splanchnic changes and renal blood flow increase during prolonged treatment.
Canada considers maximum waiting times for patients
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Canada's public health system should establish maximum waiting periods and pay for treatment outside the system—even in other countries—if the treatment cannot be provided within such periods in Canada, the Senate Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology has recommended.

The committee's review of the public healthcare system, published in volume 5 of The Health of Canadians—The Federal Role on 18 April, warned that the current structure was not fiscally sustainable and that federal funding should be increased to allow for restructuring.

Senator …
Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy and Paternal Leakage in Natural Populations of Silene vulgaris, a Gynodioecious Plant
Authors: Stephanie A. Pearl, Mark E. Welch, David E. McCauley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

It is currently thought that most angiosperms transmit their mitochondrial genomes maternally. Maternal transmission limits opportunities for genetic heterogeneity (heteroplasmy) of the mitochondrial genome within individuals. Recent studies of the gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris and Silene acaulis, however, document both direct and indirect evidence of mitochondrial heteroplasmy, suggesting that the mitochondrial genome is at times transmitted via paternal leakage. This heteroplasmy allows the generation of multi-locus recombinants, as documented in recent studies of both species. A prior study that employed quantitative PCR (q-PCR) on a limited sample provided direct evidence of heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial gene atp1 in S. vulgaris. Here, we apply the q-PCR methods to a much larger sample and extend them to incorporate the study of an additional atp1 haplotype along with two other haplotypes of the mitochondrial gene cox1 to evaluate the origin, extent, and transmission of mitochondrial genome heteroplasmy in S. vulgaris. We first calibrate our q-PCR methods experimentally and then use them to quantify heteroplasmy in 408 S. vulgaris individuals sampled from 22 natural populations located in Virginia, New York, and Tennessee. Sixty-one individuals exhibit heteroplasmy, including five that exhibited the joint heteroplasmy at both loci that is a prerequisite for effective recombination. The heteroplasmic individuals were distributed among 18 of the populations studied, demonstrating that heteroplasmy is a widespread phenomenon in this species. Further, we compare mother and offspring from 71 families to determine the rate of heteroplasmy gained and lost via paternal leakage and vegetative sorting across generations. Of 17 sibships exhibiting cox1 heteroplasmy and 14 sibships exhibiting atp1 heteroplasmy, more than half of the observations of heteroplasmy are generated via paternal leakage at the time of fertilization, with the rest being inherited from a heteroplasmic mother. Moreover, we show that the average paternal contribution during paternal leakage is about 12%. These findings are surprising, given that the current understanding of gynodioecy assumes that mitochondrial cytoplasmic male sterility elements are strictly maternally inherited. Knowledge of the dynamics of mitochondrial populations within individuals plays an important role in understanding the evolution of gynodioecy, and we discuss our findings within this context.
Body distribution of fully biodegradable [14C]-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles coated with albumin after parenteral administration to rats
Authors: D.V. Bazile, C. Ropert, P. Huve, T. Verrecchia, M. Mariard, A. Frydman, M. Veillard, G. Spenlehauer
Journal: Biomaterials (1992)
Autopsy Study of Atherosclerosis at Madras, South India
Authors: ABRAHAM C. KULANGARA, R. SUBRAMANIAM
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A sample of 263 hearts and 259 aortas, ranging in age from 6 to 94 years, has been examined for atherosclerotic lesions. The atherosclerotic index for the aorta and the coronary, iliac, innominate, and common carotid arteries has been computed and the data have been analyzed according to sex and age groups. The arteries may be arranged in the following descending series, beginning with the one most heavily diseased: the aorta in both sexes; the coronary arteries of men; the iliac, innominate, and common carotid arteries of both sexes; the coronary arteries of women. The aorta is also the most frequently affected blood vessel. The frequency of atherosclerotic involvement of the coronary arteries is the same in both sexes, but the extent and severity of lesions are much greater (two to four times) in men than in women. Consistently large differences between the sexes have been observed only in the coronary arteries. The mean atherosclerotic indices of the aorta and coronary arteries in men indicate a much greater severity of the disease at Madras than so far reported from any other place in India, the severity being very similar to that reported from the United States.
Establishment of pure NOTES procedure using a conventional flexible endoscope: review of six cases of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: H. Mori, H. Kobara, M. Kobayashi, A. Muramatsu, T. Nomura, M. Hagiike, K. Izuishi, Y. Suzuki, T. Masaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

An increasing number of reports have recently been published on hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). These reports do not address how to complete an operation with a flexible endoscope alone (pure NOTES), but rather how to combine use of an endoscope and a laparoscope. Surgical procedures using flexible and rigid endoscopes have been developed using different processes and concepts. Recognizing this conceptual difference, we conducted a study to address how to establish a pure NOTES procedure. Six patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) underwent hybrid NOTES. Each case was retrospectively reviewed to determine the appropriateness of the treatment and the usefulness of the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) method, double-scope method, spaced perforation method, duodenal balloon occlusion method, and loop clip technique. The development of operative procedures that take advantage of the characteristics of flexible endoscopes, even with conventional flexible endoscopic devices and conventional endoscopes alone, may contribute to the realization of pure NOTES.
Abstract 1935: Myeloid derived suppressor cells generated in the absence of Muc1 can inhibit allo expansion of T cells while preserving graft versus tumor activity
Authors: Tze Wei Poh, Sandra Gendler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is a promising area of therapy for various hematological malignancies like chronic/acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia and lymphomas. Its effectiveness at inducing the graft versus tumor (GVT) effect is however, compromised by the graft versus host disease (GVHD) frequently observed in recipients post transplant. One of the strategies utilized in minimizing the effect of GVHD while still preserving GVT activity has been to target immunosuppressive cell types like Treg cells or myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), in an attempt to correct the balance between GVHD and GVT. MDSCs have been shown to be able to inhibit GVHD but not much is known about the ability of MDSCs to preserve GVT. We have previously shown that myeloid progenitors lacking Muc1 from Muc1 knockout (KO) C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice generate more effective MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. In this current study, we study the potential of using MDSCs generated in the absence of Muc1 to alleviate T cell expansion while preserving CTL activity. Our preliminary data shows that MDSCs generated from Muc1 KO C57BL/6 (H-2b) bone marrow are able to inhibit C57BL/6 (H-2b) T cell proliferation in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, using Balb/c (H-2d) stimulators, more effectively than wildtype (WT) MDSCs. Interestingly, despite the reduced T cell proliferation in the presence of KO MDSCs, the CTL activity of these C57BL/6 T cells was still preserved, as demonstrated by their ability to lyse Balb/c A-20 leukemia cells. These results inidicate that co transplant of MDSCs generated in the absence of Muc1 can alleviate GVHD across fully mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers while still preserving the GVT ability of the allograft. This would also validate the clinical desirability of down regulating MUC1 in HSCs for more effective generation of MDSCs in a clinical allogeneic HSC transplantation setting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1935.
Non-tuberculous Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: B. P. Harrold
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Duodenal Ulcer-Cox BPRTISH Deaths and Recurrent Ulcers.-Thenumbers and causes of deaths were compared (Table VII).One early postoperative death occurred after each operation.The total number of subsequent deaths after vagotomy was higher than that after Polya gastrectomy, but most of the deaths were from causes which seemed unrelated to the type of operation.Recurrent ulcer, proved at reoperation, was seen twice after partial gastrectomy and once after vagotomy.Three further patients had been suspected of recurrent ulceration after vagotomy.They were subjected to reoperation at other hospitals, but the operative findings were not available.TABLE VII.-Causes of Death after Operation Vagotomy No. Polya No. Early postoperative .. 1* Early postoperative It Carcinoma of stomach .
Novak's Textbook of Gynecology
Authors: Stephen L. Corson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The baton for the 11th edition of this venerated text has been passed to a new generation. The three new author-editors have struck a happy harmony with sweeping revisions of text and graphics while preserving the flavor of the original. Ten additional authors have added material in chapters of special interest. Clinical in tone, the book retains its strong emphasis on basic science and pathophysiology, qualities in the Novak tradition. New chapters include those on sexual violence, breast disease, diethylstilbestrol fetal exposure and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. As the authors state in the preface, "The size of the original manuscript was such that the new edition would have been too large for a single human being to carry and too expensive for the average practitioner to afford." This raises the question as to the audience for whom the book is intended. Noting the tired clichés that "No single text can serve
Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.
Authors: William R. Hazzard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

This comprehensive text continues its tradition of presenting the latest in diagnosis and management of disorders affecting the elderly. Featuring experts from the fields of geriatric medicine and gerontology, this text provides a uniquely holistic approach for elder care. The new Fifth Edition has been significantly reorganized to enhance geriatric assessment skills, general medical management, management of specific diseases, surgical management, gender issues in clinical geriatrics, and more.
Comparison of International Guidelines for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Simona Bota, Fabio Piscaglia, Sara Marinelli, Anna Pecorelli, Eleonora Terzi, Luigi Bolondi
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

The aim of this review is to present the similarities and differences between the latest guidelines for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocelullar carcinoma (HCC) of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), and Japanese Society of Hepatology. All the four guidelines defined a typical HCC vascular pattern as the homogeneous hyperenhancement (wash-in) in the arterial phase followed by wash-out in the venous or late phase. The AASLD and EASL guidelines accept only four-phase computed tomography and dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for HCC diagnosis, whereas the APASL and Japanese guidelines also accept contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Regarding CEUS, the APASL guidelines accept the use of Levovist or Sonazoid as contrast agents, whereas the Japanese guidelines accept only the use of Sonazoid. The AASLD and EASL guidelines recommend using only extracellular contrast agents such as gadolinium for MRI, whereas the APASL guidelines also included the use of super paramagnetic iron oxid-MRI, and the Japanese guidelines recommended the use of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylentriamine pentaacetic acid-MRI. The AASLD and EASL guidelines propos a diagnostic algorithm starting from the tumor size, whereas the APASL and Japanese guidelines recommend an algorithm starting from arterial tumor vascularity (hyper- or hypovascular in the arterial phase). In conclusion, important differences exist among the Western and Eastern guidelines for noninvasive HCC diagnosis.