tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Need for Separate Performance Goals for Glucose Sensors in the Hypoglycemic, Normoglycemic, and Hyperglycemic Ranges
Authors: David C. Klonoff
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Blood glucose monitors are an important tool for people with diabetes to assess their physiological status and allow them to properly dose themselves with medication or food. The need to adjust the amount of treatment is greatest when the blood glucose level is in the hypoglycemic range because of the risk of acute brain damage if the condition is not quickly treated. A variety of technologies are available to assist patients with detecting hypoglycemia. How accurate are the various types of technologies at detecting hypoglycemia? Are the new continuous glucose monitoring technologies as accurate as current performance guidelines for home blood glucose monitors specify?

In this issue of Diabetes Care , the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) collaborative study group concludes (1) that the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer (GW2B) and continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMSs) do not reliably detect hypoglycemia in children and adolescents. They noted that as few as 31% of GW2B values and as few as 42% of CGMSs (including both first- and second-generation sensors) were within 15 mg/dl of reference serum values. When a hypoglycemia alarm value was set at 60 mg/dl, the GW2B demonstrated that the sensitivity to detect hypoglycemia was 23%, the specificity to detect hypoglycemia was 49%, and the false-alarm incidence was 51%.

The two continuous glucose monitors probably performed less accurately in this DirecNet study than many clinicians would expect of new technology that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration within the past few years. The performance statistics for glucose monitoring systems that are frequently quoted from the literature or from the package inserts of manufacturers mostly derive from studies that measure patients whose blood glucose levels can be low, normal, or high. Because most patients spend little time in a state of hypoglycemia, the majority of data points …
Prevalence of Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Authors: Peter J. Meikle
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextLysosomal storage disorders represent a group of at least 41 genetically distinct, biochemically related, inherited diseases. Individually, these disorders are considered rare, although high prevalence values have been reported in some populations. These disorders are devastating for individuals and their families and result in considerable use of resources from health care systems; however, the magnitude of the problem is not well defined. To date, no comprehensive study has been performed on the prevalence of these disorders as a group.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of lysosomal storage disorders individually and as a group in the Australian population.DesignRetrospective case studies.SettingAustralia, from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1996.Main Outcome MeasureEnzymatic diagnosis of a lysosomal storage disorder.ResultsTwenty-seven different lysosomal storage disorders were diagnosed in 545 individuals. The prevalence ranged from 1 per 57,000 live births for Gaucher disease to 1 per 4.2 million live births for sialidosis. Eighteen of 27 disorders had more than 10 diagnosed cases. As a group of disorders, the combined prevalence was 1 per 7700 live births. There was no significant increase in the rate of either clinical diagnoses or prenatal diagnoses of lysosomal storage disorders during the study period.ConclusionsIndividually, lysosomal storage disorders are rare genetic diseases. However, as a group, they are relatively common and represent an important health problem in Australia.
Upregulation of group IB secreted phospholipase A2 and its M-type receptor in rat ANTI-THY-1 glomerulonephritis
Authors: S. Beck, G. Beck, T. Ostendorf, J. Floege, G. Lambeau, T. Nevalainen, H.H. Radeke, S. Gurrieri, U. Haas, B. Thorwart, J. Pfeilschifter, M. Kaszkin
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
General practice audit of asthma in childhood
Authors: M Levy, L Bell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

It has been suggested that asthma is underdiagnosed in children. We studied the records of 52 children with asthma in our group practice. Although asthma had been positively diagnosed in roughly 10% of the children aged 18 months to 11 years, to make the diagnosis required an average of 16 to 20 consultations for respiratory problems. According to the symptoms recorded before the diagnosis was made, only three quarters of the children had presented with wheeze and roughly a third had had difficulty in sleeping. We think that the doctor's time would be better spent teaching patients about their asthma than by repeatedly treating non-existent respiratory infection.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer — A New Standard of Care
Authors: Ronald H. Blum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In patients with cancer who undergo surgery with curative intent but who are known to be at risk for a recurrence, postoperative chemotherapy increases the chance of a cure. The basis of this adjuvant therapy rests on demonstrations in animal models that the presence of a small residual tumor rather than a large tumor is associated with a greater fraction of tumor cells that are growing, a greater fractional rate of cell death, a lower likelihood that tumor cells are drug resistant, and a higher cure rate. Subsequent clinical investigations have established proof of these principles for adjuvant chemotherapy in . . .
Impact of Autonomic Neuropathy on Left Ventricular Function in Normotensive Type 1 Diabetic Patients: a Tissue Doppler Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Theodoros D. Karamitsos, Haralambos I. Karvounis, Triantafyllos Didangelos, Georgios E. Parcharidis, Dimitrios T. Karamitsos
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We thank Dr. Humpert et al. (1) for their interest in our study (2). The authors present data that support the presence of left ventricular (LV) asynchrony in patients with type 2 diabetes in association with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CAN) and LV function.

The authors divided their type 2 diabetic cohort into three groups based on tertiles of expiration-to-inspiration ratio of heart rate variability. Interestingly, although they found a decrease in LV ejection fraction with decreasing autonomic function, there …
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: John Paraskos
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The AHA agrees entirely with Dr Baird's emphasis on the importance of screening and risk modification to avoid heart disease, cardiopulmonary arrest, and death. This was not ignored in the "Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiac Care"; extensive discussions of the importance of education, identifying patients at high risk, and risk factor modification were included. This material was placed prominently in the "Introduction" for added emphasis (pages 2175 and following). It would, however, be unrealistic to think that emphasis on risk factor identification and modification will entirely avoid myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest; thus, there must always be guidelines for the management of the emergencies that will inevitably occur. The letters of Drs Gibbons, Burke and Mellick, Heimlich, and Muñiz are responded to by various members of the AHA's Emergency Cardiac Care Committee and Subcommittees. On behalf of our emergency cardiac care program, we wish to reiterate that
Diverticular disease and chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease: associations and masquerades.
Authors: N A Shepherd
Journal: Gut (1996)

Leading articleDiverticular disease and chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease: associations and masquerades Diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon affects between 35 and 60% of the Western population over the age of 60 years.1 2 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also common in the elderly Western population.Although this patient group includes those with a long history of IBD, it is now well accepted that there is a second peak of incidence of IBD in the elderly.-6It is therefore not surprising that diverticular disease and IBD often coexist.However, Crohn's disease and diverticulosis coexist more often than would be expected by chance, particularly in elderly women.7-10Nevertheless the picture may not be as straightforward as published reports suggest.Pathologically diverticulosis and its local complications may closely mimic both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.A review of published reports suggests that the association between the conditions may be exaggerated.There is increasing recognition of a particular form of IBD that affects the luminal mucosa in the sigmoid colon with diverticular disease.'"-15This disease may cause confusion with IBD but a small number of such cases may represent a specific form of IBD.
Circadian rhythms in liver metabolism and disease
Authors: Jessica M. Ferrell, John Y.L. Chiang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Mounting research evidence demonstrates a significant negative impact of circadian disruption on human health. Shift work, chronic jet lag and sleep disturbances are associated with increased incidence of metabolic syndrome, and consequently result in obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Here, these associations are reviewed with respect to liver metabolism and disease.
For Those on Whom We Rely
Authors: Michael D. Stillman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cognitive dysfunction in homeless adults: a systematic review
Authors: S. Spence, R. Stevens, R. Parks
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Homelessness is associated with multiple adversities that might impact upon brain function. We performed a review of published work to assess evidence of cognitive dysfunction among adults who are homeless. Despite liberal inclusion criteria only seventeen publications were identified, these describing eighteen samples mainly from the USA. Although the total number of individuals studied is small (about 3300) and the samples are heterogeneous, most studies indicate a considerable burden of cognitive dysfunction among homeless people. Such dysfunction might be expected to impact upon their ability to reintegrate into society, thereby undermining policies of inclusiveness. In clinical practice, assessment of homeless adults should include their cognitive state.
TRPV4 mediates myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis in mice
Authors: Shaik O. Rahaman, Lisa M. Grove, Sailaja Paruchuri, Brian D. Southern, Susamma Abraham, Kathryn A. Niese, Rachel G. Scheraga, Sudakshina Ghosh, Charles K. Thodeti, David X. Zhang, Magdalene M. Moran, William P. Schilling, Daniel J. Tschumperlin, Mitchell A. Olman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disorder with no effective medical treatments available. The generation of myofibroblasts, which are critical for fibrogenesis, requires both a mechanical signal and activated TGF-β; however, it is not clear how fibroblasts sense and transmit the mechanical signal(s) that promote differentiation into myofibroblasts. As transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are activated in response to changes in plasma membrane stretch/matrix stiffness, we investigated whether TRPV4 contributes to generation of myofibroblasts and/or experimental lung fibrosis. We determined that TRPV4 activity is upregulated in lung fibroblasts derived from patients with IPF. Moreover, TRPV4-deficient mice were protected from fibrosis. Furthermore, genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of TRPV4 function abrogated myofibroblast differentiation, which was restored by TRPV4 reintroduction. TRPV4 channel activity was elevated when cells were plated on matrices of increasing stiffness or on fibrotic lung tissue, and matrix stiffness–dependent myofibroblast differentiation was reduced in response to TRVP4 inhibition. TRPV4 activity modulated TGF-β1–dependent actions in a SMAD-independent manner, enhanced actomyosin remodeling, and increased nuclear translocation of the α-SMA transcription coactivator (MRTF-A). Together, these data indicate that TRPV4 activity mediates pulmonary fibrogenesis and suggest that manipulation of TRPV4 channel activity has potential as a therapeutic approach for fibrotic diseases.
Vamps Virgins and Victims: How Can Women Fight AIDS?
Authors: E. Fee
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Robin Gorna Cassell, £16.99, pp 400 ISBN 0 304 32809 X

As head of health promotion at the Terrence Higgins Trust, Robin Gorna has lived with the AIDS epidemic through a decade of hard work and activism. Her analysis of the impact of AIDS on women is refreshing, direct, and passionate. Arguing that the spread of AIDS among women can be understood only in the context of the power inequalities between the sexes, she also dismisses the concept of AIDS as a heterosexual epidemic and, with it, the notion that everyone is equally at risk. AIDS, she asserts, is still a “queer disease,” and those infected with HIV are socially …
TULP1 mutation in two extended Dominican kindreds with autosomal recessive Retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Poulabi Banerjee, Patrick W. Kleyn, James A. Knowles, Charles A. Lewis, Barbara M. Ross, Enrico Parano, Steve G. Kovats, John J. Lee, Graciela K. Penchaszadeh, Jürg Ott, Samuel G. Jacobson, T. Conrad Gilliam
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
An Extended Swedish National Adoption Study of Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jianguang Ji, Alexis C. Edwards, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly in families. It is unclear to what extent the cross-generational transmission of AUD results from genetic vs environmental factors.
Phase II Study of Sunitinib in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Irradiated Brain Metastases
Authors: Silvia Novello, Carlos Camps, Francesco Grossi, Julien Mazieres, Lauren Abrey, Jean-Marc Vernejoux, Aron Thall, Shem Patyna, Tiziana Usari, Zhixiao Wang, Richard C. Chao, Giorgio Scagliotti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
P12 Temporal trends, causes &amp; risk factors for hospital admissions in incurable lung cancer: Abstract P12 Table 1.
Authors: M Shah, SCO Taggart
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Little is known about hospital admissions (HAs) following a diagnosis of incurable lung cancer (LC). This study sets out to identify temporal trends for HA in this group of vulnerable patients in addition to exploring the reasons behind and potential risk factors for HA. <h3>Methods</h3> All new LC diagnoses for 2009–2011 (n = 565) were identified, from which 1:4 were selected randomly (n = 142). Records were reviewed and those patients treated with curative intent or diagnosed and died in same HA were excluded from analysis. Basic demographic data were collected including co-morbidity score, stage, histology and LC was classified as either central (mediastinum to origin of lobar bronchi and vessels) or peripheral after review of the diagnostic CT scan. The presence or absence of significant pleural effusion (&gt;1.c.m. depth) and extra-thoracic metastases was noted. Simple non-parametric tests were used to identify any risk factors for HA. <h3>Results</h3> 84 patients (mean age 70.3 years, 42 males) were suitable for inclusion, accounting for 98 HAs with median length of stay of 6 days. Of the 59 patients with HA, 63%, 22%, 6% and 9% experienced 1, 2, 3 or ≥4 HAs. The HA: patient ratio fell with time from 1.44 in 2009, 1.23 in 2010 to 0.86 in 2011. Survival figures were 13.1%, 28.6%, 23.8% and 34.5% for &lt;3, 3–6, 6–9 and &gt;9 months respectively. 76% of HAs occurred within 3 months of death. The primary cause of HA was determined to be infection (33%), breathlessness (16%), neurological (14%), pain (10%), gastrointestinal symptoms (10%), others (17%). No obvious clinical risk factors for HA were found when comparing those patients having HA to those without HA (Table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> HAs in incurable LC are common but difficult to predict. Future strategies designed to prevent HA may need to focus more on social factors in addition to providing rapid treatment of infection and symptom palliation in the last 3 months of life.
Content of reduced glutathione and consequences in recipients of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient red blood cells
Authors: Ching-Shan Huang, Yung-Chan Sung, May-Jen Huang, Chung-Shi Yang, Wei-Shang Shei, Tang K. Tang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity of every donor was examined with automatic enzyme-coupled method. The technique of molecular biology was applied to determine the DNA mutations for the 97 donors with undetectable G6PD activity. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the stored RBC of the 97 G6PD-deficient donors and 124 normal donors was determined with the technique of high performance liquid chromatography. Routine blood counts, bilirubin and haptoglobin levels were used to evaluate posttransfusional hemolysis for the 48 adult patients transfused with 1 U G6PD deficient and 1 U normal RBC. Most (88, 90.7%) of the 97 donors were confirmed to be G6PD deficient at the DNA level. At each age interval of storage, the GSH concentration of G6PD-deficient RBC was significantly different from that of normal RBC. The total average value of GSH (pmol/gHb) was 2.52 +/- 0.95 (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) vs. 3.74 +/- 1.43 (P < 0.001). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, bilirubin, and haptoglobin levels in the patients receiving G6PD-deficient RBC were not statistically different from those in the recipients of normal RBC; even though the age of stored blood was 26-35 days. Within the same group of patients, the results of bilirubin and haptoglobin were not significantly changed before and after transfusion. The results of this study show that the GSH concentration in the stored blood of G6PD deficient donors was 67% of that in the normal donors. However, hemolysis does not occur in adult patients transfused with 1 U G6PD-deficient RBC. It seems unnecessary to screen G6PD activity for donors of adult recipients in Taiwan.
Fraudulent Studies and Meta-analysis-Reply
Authors: Stephen B. Thacker
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.—  Dishonesty does undermine the basis of research and the methods used to ensure the quality of science. Breaches of integrity not only can be self-serving for individuals such as John Darsee and Robert Slutsky, but also may waste funds, impact on the careers of others, and create unnecessary replicative studies. 1,2 Fraudulent studies, such as that of Stephen Breuning, can impact directly on treatment practoces. 3   Meta-analysis, when properly conducted, can serve as a deterrent to the impact of fraud. Although creative fraud can escape detection of peer reviewers, a systematic overview of a field of research is designed to detect inconsistency not only within the work of a single investigator but also among authors. The meta-analyst then searches for explanations of these inconsistencies. Only consistent findings will then be combined to estimate effect. Indeed, it was careful review by a single reviewer of two articles by Slutsky
Correlation of iron exchange between the oral iron chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one(L1) and transferrin and possible antianaemic effects of L1 in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: G Vreugdenhil, A J Swaak, C de Jeu-Jaspers, H G van Eijk
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)
Activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B in serum and urine in acute pancreatitis
Authors: S Appelros, L Thim, A Borgström
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis involves activation of the pancreatic proenzymes. Levels of the trypsinogen activation peptide in urine in acute pancreatitis has been shown to correlate with the severity of disease. However, this peptide is unstable in urine and, because of its low molecular mass, difficult to measure. Procarboxypeptidase B has a larger activation peptide which could be more suitable for analysis in serum and urine. Aims —To study the presence of the activation peptide from procarboxypeptidase B (CAPAP) in serum and urine in acute pancreatitis. Patients —Urine and serum samples were obtained within 48 hours of admittance from 40 patients with acute pancreatitis. Severity was classified retrospectively according to levels of C-reactive protein and clinical course. Thirty four patients with abdominal pain from other causes were studied as controls. Methods —CAPAP was purified from human pancreatic juice. Specific antibodies were obtained and a radioimmunoassay was developed. Results —Levels of CAPAP in serum and urine in acute pancreatitis correlate with the severity of the attack. CAPAP is very stable, and urine contains only CAPAP whereas, in serum, cross reacting procarboxypeptidase B is found together with CAPAP. Conclusions —CAPAP could be a valuable tool in the diagnosis and early determination of severity in acute pancreatitis.