tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health and safety standards being developed for child-care programs
Authors: A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reticulocyte hemoglobin content
Authors: Alan E. Mast, Morey A. Blinder, Dennis J. Dietzen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Under normal conditions, reticulocytes are the youngest erythrocytes released from the bone marrow into circulating blood. They mature for 1-3 days within the bone marrow and circulate for 1-2 days before becoming mature erythrocytes. Measurement of cellular hemoglobin concentration has long been reported by automated hematology analyzers as one of the red blood cell indices. The reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr or Ret-He) provides an indirect measure of the functional iron available for new red blood cell production over the previous 3-4 days. Measurement of reticulocyte hemoglobin content in peripheral blood samples is useful for diagnosis of iron deficiency in adults (Mast et al., Blood 2002;99:1489-1491) and children (Brugnara et al., JAMA 1999;281:2225-2230; Ullrich et al., JAMA 2005;294:924-930; Bakr and Sarette, Eur J Pediatr 2006;165:442-445). It provides an early measure of the response to iron therapy increasing within 2-4 days of the initiation of intravenous iron therapy (Brugnara et al., Blood 1994;83:3100-3101). Sequential measurements of reticulocyte hemoglobin content in patients with iron deficiency anemia provide a rapid means for assessing the erythropoietic response to iron replacement therapy (Brugnara et al., Blood 1994;83:3100-3101). It is also an early indicator or iron-restricted erythropoiesis in patients receiving erythropoietin therapy (Fishbane et al., Kidney Int 1997;52:217-222; Fishbane et al., Kidney Int 2001;60:2406-2411; Mittman et al., Am J Kidney Dis 1997;30:912-922; Tsuchiya et al., Clin Nephrol 2003;59:115-123; Chuang et al., Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:370-377). Thus, reticulocyte hemoglobin content is a recent addition to an expanding list of biomarkers that can be used to differentiate iron deficiency from other causes of anemia.
Cessation of Cigarette Smoking and Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Richard V. Ebert
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE PERIOD from 1940 to 1960 was the golden era in pulmonary disease. The development of effective treatment for tuberculosis dramatically altered the outlook for patients with this disease. Sanitariums were closed, resulting in the saving of large amounts of public money. Bronchiectasis became a rarity as a result of effective prevention and treatment of childhood respiratory infections. Empyema was seldom seen because of effective antibiotic treatment of pneumonia, and the prognosis of lung abscess was dramatically improved. We are left with a group of chronic pulmonary diseases that are intractable to treatment and associated with high mortality. These diseases are often accompanied by discomfort, suffering, and lingering death. The most common of these diseases are cancer of the lung, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary emphysema. Although large sums of money are spent in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema, there is little evidence that present-day therapy alters the
Dietary Choline and the Maintenance of the Cardiovascular System in Rats
Authors: G. F. Wilgram, W. S. Hartroft, C. H. Best
Journal: BMJ (1954)

0.05 g.; Al1(SO4)3.K2SO4.24H2O, 0.40 g.; CoCI5.6H, 005 g.; Na.SiOs.9H2O, 2 g.; and NaAsO2, 0.10 g.t The composition of vitamin mixture (Canad.J. med.Sci., 1953, 31, 135) was as follows: thiamine hydrochloride, 500 mg.; riboflavine, 250 mg.; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 200 mg.; calcium pantothenate, I g.; nicotinic acid, I g.; folic acid, 50 mg.;biotin, 30 mg.; 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 100 mg.; p-aminobenzoic acid, 10 g.; inositol, 50 g.; and finely powdered sucrose (100 mesh) to 1,000 g. t Cod-liver oil concentrate (0 01%/) and alpha-tocopherol acetate (0.015°') supplemented all diets but that used in the preliminary experiment (Expt.A).Obtained from Ayerst, McKenna, and Harrison, Ltd., Montreal; contains 200,000 I.U.vitamin A and 50,000 I.U.vitamin D per g.laurate.This diet was semi-liquid, and the food intake of rats maintained on it was low.Diet B was therefore devised to secure a more solid state by the inclusion of a large amount (15%0) of cellu-flour.The food intake of animals
A 21-Year-Old Woman With Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance
Authors: George F. Sawaya
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hydrogel Design of Experiments Methodology to Optimize Hydrogel for iPSC‐NPC Culture
Authors: Jonathan Lam, S. Thomas Carmichael, William E. Lowry, Tatiana Segura
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Bioactive signals can be incorporated in hydrogels to direct encapsulated cell behavior. Design of experiments methodology methodically varies the signals systematically to determine the individual and combinatorial effects of each factor on cell activity. Using this approach enables the optimization of three ligands concentrations (RGD, YIGSR, IKVAV) for the survival and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen by CD8+ T cells specific for a skin-tropic virus
Authors: David M. Koelle, Zhi Liu, Christopher M. McClurkan, Max S. Topp, Stanley R. Riddell, Eric G. Pamer, Andrew S. Johnson, Anna Wald, Lawrence Corey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Virus-specific CD8+ T cells traffic to infected tissues to promote clearance of infection. We used herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as a model system to investigate CD8+ T cell trafficking to the skin in humans. Using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I tetramers, we observed that HSV-specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood expressed high levels of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). In contrast, CD8+ T cells specific for non–skin-tropic herpesviruses lacked CLA expression. CLA-positive HSV-2–specific CD8+ T cells had the characteristics of central memory cells, expressing CCR7, CD62L, and CD28, and they proliferated briskly in response to antigen. CLA is related to a functional E-selectin ligand, and both E-selectin and CLA-positive cells were detected in HSV-2–infected skin. HSV-2–specific T cells adhered to cells transfected with E-selectin. A higher proportion of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells recovered from herpes lesions express CLA compared with blood, consistent with a role for CLA in skin homing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of expression of tissue-specific adhesion-associated molecules by virus-specific CD8+ T cells. The evaluation of vaccines for skin and mucosal pathogens should include study of the induction of appropriate tissue-specific homing molecules.
Nutrient intake: Relationships with lipids and lipoproteins in 6–19-year-old children—The Princeton School District study
Authors: John A. Morrison, Rhea Larsen, Lenora Glatfelter, Donna Boggs, Kathryn Burton, Charlene Smith, Kathy Kelly, Margot J. Mellies, Philip Khoury, Charles J. Glueck
Journal: Metabolism (1980)
Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole Compared with Ciprofloxacin for Treatment and Prophylaxis of <i>Isospora belli</i> and <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Rose-Irene Verdier, Daniel W. Fitzgerald, Warren D. Johnson, Jean William Pape
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

In developing countries, Isospora belli and Cyclospora cayetanensis frequently cause chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients.
Images and Reflections
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Elsewhere in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2728) is an excellent assessment of the role of ultrasonography, computed tomographic (CT) scanning, and radionuclide scintigraphy in the detection and drainage of abdominal abscesses. The accuracy of abscess detection and treatment by ultrasonography and CT scan await confirmation as use of these techniques is extended to smaller centers throughout the country. Ferrucci and vanSonnenberg report false-negative and false-positive results. Instances of misdiagnosis of lateral chest wall abscesses above or below the diaphragm, as well as misinterpretation of bowel air for abscess, have already been encountered. Emphasis on the need for careful clinical correlation of history and physical findings is reiterated. Ultrasophisticated diagnostic methods will not influence unduly a clinical decision among those whose experience and basic skills are well developed. Percutaneous drainage, the therapeutic extension of imaging diagnosis, whether by needle aspiration or by guided-wire— catheter drainage, has some attractive features.
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in a Physically Active Man
Authors: Michael Carethers
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  It seems that despite the clear history, the consultant has failed to consider that alcohol may be the culprit in triggering paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in this 63-year-old male athlete. 1 The submitter of the question stated that AF occurred after consumption of a  amount of wine, which was paraphrased by the consultant into moderate amount of  Neither defines what is substantial or moderate.  Even in the absence of overt heart disease, a substantial consumption of alcohol may induce acute AF. 2 Up to 35% of patients presenting with net onset AF at a public hospital were intoxicated with alcohol. 3 The AF in the patient in question may have spontaneously reverted to normal sinus rhythm after the alcohol effect on the heart waned. Current thoughts of possible mechanisms of how alcohol could cause arrhythmias include (1) alcohol-promoted secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine by the
If I had . . .
Authors: E C Atkinson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

field in an ovulatory mucus with a spinnbar- keit of more than 6 cm has been shown to have statistically significant correlation with a median sperm count of over 28 million/ml,3 and thus a positive test is of great value itself.However, lesser degrees of positivity and even negative postcoital tests are of value only when they have been repeatedly shown to be so at the time of presumptive ovulation and steps have been taken to confirm the validity of this timing.Only then are negative postcoital tests indicative of abnormality.Single and isolated tests without ancillary information are thus merely indications for further investiga- tions of the infertile couple into the multifactorial factors which are potentially related to their inability to conceive.
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for drug development and toxicity testing
Authors: Daniel Sinnecker, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Alessandra Moretti
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2014)

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is creating exciting new opportunities for cardiovascular research by providing platforms to study the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis that could lead to new therapies or reveal drug sensitivities. In this review, the potential usefulness of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in drug development as well as in drug toxicity testing is discussed, with a focus on the achievements that have been already made in this regard. Moreover, the crucial steps that have to be taken before this technology can be broadly used in drug discovery and toxicology assessments are highlighted.
Integrating Medical Management With Diabetes Self-Management Training
Authors: William H. Polonsky, Jay Earles, Susan Smith, Donna J. Pease, Mary Macmillan, Reed Christensen, Thomas Taylor, Judy Dickert, Richard A. Jackson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

This study evaluated the Diabetes Outpatient Intensive Treatment (DOIT) program, a multiday group education and skills training experience combined with daily medical management, followed by case management over 6 months. Using a randomized control design, the study explored how DOIT affected glycemic control and self-care behaviors over a short term. The impact of two additional factors on clinical outcomes were also examined (frequency of case management contacts and whether or not insulin was started during the program).Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in poor glycemic control (A1c >8.5%) were randomly assigned to DOIT or a second condition, entitled EDUPOST, which was standard diabetes care with the addition of quarterly educational mailings. A total of 167 patients (78 EDUPOST, 89 DOIT) completed all baseline measures, including A1c and a questionnaire assessing diabetes-related self-care behaviors. At 6 months, 117 patients (52 EDUPOST, 65 DOIT) returned to complete a follow-up A1c and the identical self-care questionnaire.At follow-up, DOIT evidenced a significantly greater drop in A1c than EDUPOST. DOIT patients also reported significantly more frequent blood glucose monitoring and greater attention to carbohydrate and fat contents (ACFC) of food compared with EDUPOST patients. An increase in ACFC over the 6-month period was associated with improved glycemic control among DOIT patients. Also, the frequency of nurse case manager follow-up contacts was positively linked to better A1c outcomes. The addition of insulin did not appear to be a significant contributor to glycemic change.DOIT appears to be effective in promoting better diabetes care and positively influencing glycemia and diabetes-related self-care behaviors. However, it demands significant time, commitment, and careful coordination with many health care professionals. The role of the nurse case manager in providing ongoing follow-up contact seems important.
Estrogen Effects on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I)–Induced Cell Proliferation and IGF-I Expression in Native and Allograft Vessels
Authors: Hong Lou, Yejun Zhao, Patrick Delafontaine, Teruaki Kodama, Nevin Katz, Peter W. Ramwell, Marie L. Foegh
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Estrogen protects against cardiovascular disease in both patients and animal models and regulates insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), an important cell-cycle progression factor. Methods and Results Smooth muscle cells and tissues were harvested from male recipient rabbits that 6 weeks earlier had received a cardiac allograft transplant consisting of a donor heart and ascending aorta. Segments of the ascending aorta from the native and allograft hearts from 9 placebo-treated and 8 estradiol-treated recipients were compared by using IGF-I–stimulated [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation. The responses of the native vessel segments were similar (175.3±32% and 166.9±41%, respectively; P &gt;.05) whether or not the recipients had been treated for 6 weeks with estradiol. In the grafts, however, estradiol markedly inhibited vascular cell thymidine incorporation (328.04±56% compared with 67.3±11%; P &lt;.02). Smooth muscle cells were derived from the native aorta of the placebo-treated rabbits to study the effect of estradiol in vitro. IGF-I increased cell counts in a concentration-dependent manner. In serum-starved cells estradiol further decreased cell proliferation; this effect was blocked by the specific estrogen receptor antagonist ZK-119.010. Immunohistochemistry staining for IGF-I protein in the coronary arteries and ascending aorta of the cardiac allograft from the placebo-treated recipients revealed extensive IGF-I expression in the myointima. In contrast, IGF-I protein was not expressed in the coronary arteries and ascending aorta of the cardiac allograft from the estradiol-treated recipients. The IGF-I protein was extensively expressed only in the placebo-treated graft vessels. Myointimal thickening of the coronary arteries was significantly reduced by estradiol treatment (17.9±1.5% versus 44.3±3.7%; P &lt;.02). Conclusions In vivo estradiol treatment abolishes both IGF-I mitogenic effects and IGF-I protein expression in the vascular wall, which may be causally related to the inhibitory effect of estradiol on transplant arteriosclerosis.
Representation of authors and editors from countries with different human development indexes in the leading literature on tropical medicine: survey of current evidence
Authors: Jennifer Keiser, Jürg Utzinger, Marcel Tanner, Burton H Singer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To assess the current international representation of members of editorial and advisory boards and authors in the leading peer reviewed literature on tropical medicine.Systematic review.Country affiliations, as classified by the human development index, of editorial and advisory board members of all tropical medicine journals referenced by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) as of late 2003 and of all contributing authors of full articles published in the six leading journals on tropical medicine in 2000-2.Sixteen (5.1%) of the 315 editorial and advisory board members from the 12 ISI referenced journals on tropical medicine are affiliated to countries with a low human development index and 223 (70.8%) to countries with a high index. Examination of the 2384 full articles published in 2000-2 in the six highest ranking tropical medicine journals showed that 48.1% of contributing authors are affiliated to countries with a high human development index, whereas the percentage of authors from countries with a low index was 13.7%. Articles written exclusively by authors from low ranked countries accounted for 5.0%. Our data indicate that research collaborations between a country with a high human development index and one that has either a medium or a low index are common and account for 26.5% and 16.1% of all full articles, respectively.Current collaborations should be transformed into research partnerships, with the goals of mutual learning and institutional capacity strengthening in the developing world.
Emerging Infections — Another Warning
Authors: Michael T. Osterholm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Almost 10 years ago, a group of distinguished scientists and policy makers began meeting at the offices of the Institute of Medicine in Washington, D.C., to consider the implications of the changing world of infectious diseases. Thought by some to be near extinction in terms of their threat to humans and animals, infectious diseases had staged a ferocious comeback. In 1992, the Institute of Medicine issued its now-famous report “Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States.”1 As the title suggests, its message was aimed at the population of the United States, but its conclusions had international implications. . . .
Dental Extractions in Cardiac Patients
Authors: B. W. Fickling
Journal: BMJ (1960)

A sample of 8,000 subjects to represent the population of Finland aged 30 years and over was used to identify patients with severe dementia; 141 cases were found. The prevalence of all types of severe dementia was 1.8% in the whole study population and 6.7% in the population aged 65 years and over. The prevalence increased with advancing age to 17.3% in the age group 85 years and over. Primary degenerative dementia constituted 50% of all cases; multi-infarct and combined dementia, 39%; and secondary dementia, 11%. Fifty-seven percent of the patients lived in institutions.
Tough targets are necessary in effective diabetes care
Authors: Tahseen A Chowdhury, Shawarna S Lasker
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Winocour in his article on targets in diabetes care argues that targets for glycaemia, blood pressure, and lipids are unrealistic as only 50% of these targetswere attained in clinical trials—which are removed from the “real” world.1 It is worrisome that even in affluent rural areas, doctors struggle to convince their patients to comply with medication. The problem is probably much worse in deprived inner city areas.

Diabetes care has benefited from the publication of large scale randomised controlled trials, so that we now have an …