tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal Function Change in Hypertensive Members of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Authors: W. Gordon Walker
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the contribution of mild to moderate hypertension to progressive loss of renal function by analysis of renal function data from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. <h3>Design.</h3> —The cohort of men with mild to moderate hypertension (baseline diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg), randomized to a special intervention (SI) group or usual care (UC) group, were examined for change in renal function based on individual reciprocal creatinine slopes over an average of 7 years' follow-up as the outcome measure. Contribution of blood pressure control during follow-up, age, race, and blood pressure at entry were assessed. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The cohort of 5524(463 black, 5061 nonblack) hypertensive men receiving no therapy at entry provided the data for the present analysis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Blood pressure control was similar for black and white participants, but significant decline in reciprocal creatinine slope was found for black men (mean slope, —0.0090±0.0013 dL/mg/y) compared with white men (+0.0018± 0.0004 dL/mg/y) (<i>P</i>&lt;.001 for difference between blacks and whites). Decline in renal function was also greater among individuals with elevated systolic (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) as well as diastolic blood pressure (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and older individuals (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). No difference between the SI and UC groups was seen in reciprocal creatinine slopes, but in both groups combined, treatment that maintained diastolic blood pressure below an average value of 95 mm Hg was associated with stable or improving renal function, whereas participants whose blood pressure remained 95 mm Hg or greater continued to decline at —0.0013±0.0009 dL/mg/y (<i>P</i>=.007 for difference). Separate examination of the subset of black men (n=463) failed to show such a difference. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Effective blood pressure control was associated with stable or improving renal function in nonblacks but not in blacks. These findings emphasize the importance of blood pressure control to maintain adequate renal function in hypertensive white men and raise important questions about the relationship of pressure reduction and renal function change in blacks. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:3085-3091)
Local excision of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae including the feeding artery and draining vein.
Authors: A L Prior, J J Efthimiou, A K Yates
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Two cases of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula were treated by local anatomical dissection and excision. This technique is preferable to pulmonary resection when the fistula is localised and superficially situated. The feeding vessels must be included in the resection to avoid possible recurrence. The history of the surgical removal of arteriovenous fistulae is discussed, and the reasons for preferring local excision are given.
THE TREATMENT TIME IN PSORIASIS*
Authors: A. MACLENNAN, F. F. HELLIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT TIME IN PSORIASIS Get access A. MACLENNAN, M.B., Ch. B., A. MACLENNAN, M.B., Ch. B. The Department of Dermatology, General Infirmary, Leeds, 1, Yorkshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. F. HELLIER, M.D., F.R.C.P. F. F. HELLIER, M.D., F.R.C.P. The Department of Dermatology, General Infirmary, Leeds, 1, Yorkshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 12, 1 December 1961, Pages 439–444, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14996.x Published: 01 December 1961
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: DAVID J. GREENBLATT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Flurazepam hydrochloride is a benzodiazepine derivative marketed for use as a hypnotic agent. Flurazepam is more effective than placebo and is as effective as other hypnotic drugs in most short-term controlled studies. In long-term dosage studies, flurazepam's efficacy persists while other hypnotics become ineffective. Flurazepam has relatively minor effects upon rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and does not lead to REM rebound; this may reduce the likelihood of drug dependence. Flurazepam does not cause enzyme induction and probably presents little hazard of abuse or overdosage. The rational use of hypnotic agents depends as much upon the underlying cause of the sleep disorder as upon the choice of a particular drug. When hypnotic therapy is indicated, flurazepam appears to have advantages over other drugs currently available in the United States.
Individual Cholesterol Variation in Response to a Margarine- or Butter-Based Diet
Authors: Margo A. Denke, Beverley Adams-Huet, Anh T. Nguyen
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The effectiveness of dietary modification in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels can be reliably predicted for populations, but not for individuals.To determine whether individual variation in cholesterol response to dietary modification is a familial trait.Two-period, outpatient crossover trial conducted from September 1997 to September 1999.Fifty-six families from the Dallas-Ft Worth, Tex, area with 2 biological parents and at least 2 children aged 5 years or older volunteered; 46 families (n = 92 adults and n = 134 children) completed the study.All families followed two 5-week dietary regimens that included individualized daily dietary prescriptions and emphasized a low-saturated fat diet supplemented with specially manufactured baked goods and spreadable fat. One regimen used butter only and the other used margarine only.Mean LDL-C levels during the last 2 weeks of each dietary period.Margarine intake compared with butter intake lowered LDL-C levels 11% in adults (95% confidence interval [CI], 13% to 9%) and 9% in children (95% CI, 12% to 6%) (P<.001 for both adults and children). The distribution of individual responses were peaked around the mean response. For adults and children together, family membership accounted for 19% of variability in response (P =.007). In children, family membership accounted for 40% of variability in response of percent change in LDL-C levels (P =.002). Body mass index and change in cholesterol ester (CE) 18:2/18:1 ratio accounted for 26% of variation, leaving 26% still attributable to family membership. In all participants, BMI predicted response-heavier individuals had higher LDL-C levels, less excursion in CE fatty acids, and less LDL-C response to dietary change.Our results suggest that individual variation in response to a cholesterol-lowering diet is a familial trait. Body weight is an important modifiable factor that influences response. JAMA. 2000;284:2740-2747.
Comparison between three radioisotope methods for measuring iron absorption.
Authors: J. A. Lunn, J. Richmond, J. D. Simpson, J. D. Leask, P. Tothill
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The present methods for determining iron absorption from the alimentary tract depend on the measurement by radioisotope techniques of iron retained in the body after oral administra tion. They vary in convenience and complexity, and some times require assumptions about iron metabolism for their interpretation. The first, the  faecal recovery  method, was introduced by Dubach et al. (1948). In this method after a dose of iron-59 has been given by mouth the patient's stools are collected for several days until the excretion of radioactivity has stopped. The most important criticism of the faecal method is the diffi culty of ensuring absolutely complete stool collections even from the most intelligent patients and in the best hospital circumstances.
The course of untreated epilepsy.
Authors: R. D. Elwes, A. L. Johnson, E. H. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1988)

As little is known about the course of untreated epilepsy the time intervals between untreated tonic clonic seizures were examined retrospectively in a series of 183 patients presenting to a neurological department having had two to five seizures. After the first seizure a second attack had occurred within one month in 56 patients, within three months in 93, and within one year in 159. The median interval between the first two seizures was 12 weeks (95% confidence interval 10 to 18 weeks), between the second and third eight weeks (four to 12 weeks), between the third and fourth four weeks (two to 20 weeks), and between the fourth and fifth three weeks (one to four weeks). When patients who had had three, four, or five untreated seizures were considered separately a similar pattern of decreasing intervals was seen. Successive intervals between seizures could be compared in 82 patients. In 48 the interval decreased, in 16 it did not change, and in 18 it increased. These results suggest that in many patients there is an accelerating disease process in the early stages of epilepsy.
Uganda runs out of antiretroviral drugs after shortfall in aid
Authors: H. Wasswa
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Ugandan government ministers have warned that the country is running out of AIDS drugs, blaming the global financial crisis and a successful testing policy. 

The health ministry says that only 190 000 patients receive antiretroviral drugs out of the 357 000 who qualify for them. The health minister, Stephen Malinga, blames the shortages on the global economic crunch; a successful testing regime that has led to a rise in the numbers of people with access to the drugs; and policy changes that have increased the number of people …
Health status of the temporarily homeless population and residents of North West Thames region.
Authors: C. R. Victor
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To survey the health status of the temporarily homeless population of North West Thames region and make comparisons with regional residents. DESIGN--Direct interview with standardised questionnaires. SETTING--Temporarily homeless people resident in hotels in the London boroughs in the North West Thames region and a random sample of regional residents. SUBJECTS--137 hotels thought to be providing accommodation to homeless people selected at random from a list of 295. 113 (82%) participated in the study, and 319 (61%) of 522 homeless people approached participated. The study was restricted to adults aged 16 and over selected at random. RESULTS--The homeless population was predominantly female (195/319; 61%), young (229 (72%) aged 16-34), and poor, 54% (172/319) receiving income support. 207 subjects (65%) had dependent children aged 16 and under. Rates of acute illness among homeless people (32 cases; 10%) were similar to those reported by regional residents. The prevalence of longstanding limiting illness (108 cases; 34%) was similar to that for regional residents, but the prevalence of mental morbidity was twice that for the region as a whole (145 cases (45%) v 1485 (18%)). Utilisation of general practitioner services, accident and emergency departments, and inpatient admission was much higher by the homeless population than by regional residents. General practitioner registration rates were above 90% for the homeless sample. CONCLUSIONS--Survey data provide empirical evidence about the nature and characteristics of the temporarily homeless population. The high service utilisation recorded may, in part, have resulted from the higher morbidity in this sample of homeless people. The concentration of homeless people into specific locations may suggest that additional funding should be provided to the district which provides care to this group. However, such funding should not necessarily be used for additional acute care but should be used to purchase appropriate services which meet the health needs of this very young, poor and vulnerable group.
Does the degree of luminal narrowing of segments free of restenosis 4 to 12 months after angioplasty predict long term outcome?
Authors: Hisham A. Ba'albaki, William S. Weintraub, Ziyad M.B. Ghazzal, John S. Douglas, Caryn L. Cohen, Henry Liberman, Douglas C. Morris, Spencer B. King
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Case of Imperforate Rectum, with Malformation of the Colon
Authors: T. O'Connor
Journal: BMJ (1860)

Dwm 8s low]ORIGINAL OXXUNICATIONL.(hizmom He had two or tlr liquid Il.eaeuations dung the say, and ws not worse at, night.He had taken pain-doses of quinine, with an effervescent ammonia miture, during the day.Nov. B0th.He took two alomel and opium pills in the night, on account of restlessaess.He bad only one small liquid motion during the night.The abdomen was more tender, and more generally distended.The countenance was dejected.The pulse was weak, but not more rapid than yesterday.He lhad no sickness.We determined to apply turpentine stupes
Analysis of the T Descriptors and Other Prognosis Factors in Pathologic Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in China
Authors: Ziming Li, Yongfeng Yu, Jiade Lu, Qinquan Luo, Chunxiao Wu, Meilin Liao, Ying Zheng, Xinghao Ai, Lingping Gu, Shun Lu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Risk Factors Associated with Acute Pyelonephritis in Healthy Women
Authors: Delia Scholes, Thomas M. Hooton, Pacita L. Roberts, Kalpana Gupta, Ann E. Stapleton, Walter E. Stamm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Although most cases of acute pyelonephritis occur in otherwise healthy women, data on risk factors for this condition are lacking.To evaluate infection characteristics, incidence, and risk factors associated with acute pyelonephritis in a sample of women.Population-based case-control study.Group Health Cooperative, a prepaid health plan in Washington.788 nonpregnant women, 18 to 49 years of age. Case-patients (n = 242) were women with pyelonephritis who were identified from computerized databases. Controls were 546 similar-age women with no pyelonephritis diagnosis in the previous 5 years who were randomly selected from enrollment databases. Response rates for case-patients and controls were 73% and 64%, respectively.Characteristics of infection and potential risk factors for pyelonephritis, ascertained through computer-assisted telephone interview and computerized databases.7% of case-patients were hospitalized. Escherichia coli was the infecting pathogen in 85% of cases. In multivariable models, factors associated with pyelonephritis risk were frequency of sexual intercourse in the previous 30 days (odds ratio, 5.6 [95% CI, 2.8 to 11.0] for > or =3 times per week), recent urinary tract infection (UTI) (odds ratio, 4.4 [CI, 2.8 to 7.1]), diabetes (odds ratio, 4.1 [CI, 1.6 to 10.9]), recent incontinence (odds ratio, 3.9 [CI. 2.6 to 5.9]), new sexual partner in the previous year (odds ratio, 2.2 [CI, 1.4 to 3.6]), recent spermicide use (odds ratio, 1.7 [CI, 1.1 to 2.8]), and UTI history in the participant's mother (odds ratio, 1.6 [CI, 1.1 to 2.5]). Risk factors for selected subgroups (patients < or = 30 years of age, patients > 30 years of age, patients with no UTI history, and inpatients) were also evaluated.Potential recall bias, reliance on automated case definition criteria, and limited data on diabetes and incontinence variables.Few nonpregnant, community-dwelling women younger than 50 years of age with pyelonephritis are hospitalized. As with cystitis in reproductive-age women, sexual behaviors and patient and family history of UTI are associated with increased pyelonephritis risk. Diabetes and incontinence also seem to independently increase the risk for pyelonephritis.
Outcome and prognostic factors of lung cancer patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit
Authors: A. K. Adam, A. O. Soubani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aim of the present study was to assess the outcome of lung cancer patients who were admitted to a medical intensive care unit (MICU) and to identify the measurable predictors of their MICU outcome. The retrospective study took place at the MICUs of a university-affiliated medical centre and involved adult lung cancer patients admitted to the MICU between January 1998 and October 2005. A total of 139 lung cancer patients were included during the study period. The mean age+/-sd at MICU admission was 64.2+/-10.2 yrs (48% males, 52% females). In total, 96 (69%) patients had nonsmall cell lung cancer, 18 (13%) patients had small cell lung cancer, and one patient had mesothelioma. The MICU mortality was 22% (31 patients), while the in-hospital mortality was 40% (56 patients). Sixty-eight (49%) patients required mechanical ventilation (MV), with MICU mortality of 38% and in-hospital mortality of 53%. The independent predictors of poor MICU outcome were: the need for MV; Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation III and Simplified Acute Physiology Score III scores; the use of vasopressors; positive blood cultures; high serum lactate; two or more organ system failures; and the need for adult cardiac life support. On multivariate analysis, only the need for vasopressors and the presence of two or more organ system failures predicted poor MICU outcome. The present study shows that the medical intensive care unit outcome of lung cancer patients is better than previously reported. Intensive care and mechanical ventilation should not be considered futile care in this patient population. While there were no absolute predictors of mortality, the need for vasopressors and the presence of two or more organ system failures predicted poor medical intensive care unit care.
THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF HEAT-STABLE, SHORT-TERM SENSITIZING ANAPHYLACTIC IgG ANTIBODIES (IgG S-TS) AND OF RELATED ACTIVITIES OF IgG4 AND IgG2
Authors: W.E. Parish
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF HEAT‐STABLE, SHORT‐TERM SENSITIZING ANAPHYLACTIC IgG ANTIBODIES (IgG S‐TS) AND OF RELATED ACTIVITIES OF IgG4 AND IgG2 Get access W.E. Parish W.E. Parish Environmental Safety Division, Colworth House, Shambrook, Bedfordshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue 2, 1 August 1981, Pages 223–231, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01210.x Published: 01 August 1981
Informatic selection of a neural crest-melanocyte cDNA set for microarray analysis
Authors: S. Loftus, Y. Chen, G. Gooden, J. Ryan, G. Birznieks, M. Hilliard, A. Baxevanis, M. Bittner, P. Meltzer, J. Trent, W. Pavan
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
AB0677 Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 Scores Correlate Well with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index in the Assessment of Disease Activity and Monitoring Progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: A. Danve, A. Reddy, K. Vakil-Gilani, A. Dinno, A. Deodhar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) is a composite tool unique to measure disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) just as Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) is for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) is another composite tool that measures physical function, pain and patient global assessment in various rheumatic diseases. It correlates well with DAS28 in RA. If RAPID3 can also be used to assess disease activity in AS it may save time and costs in busy practices. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study the association between BASDAI and RAPID3 in patients with AS, and to obtain a cut-off value for RAPID3 which correlates with BASDAI of 4 (indicative of high disease activity). <h3>Methods</h3> An electronic medical record search identified 157 patients with AS at our university who were followed between 2007 to 2012. Of these, 113 patients had BASDAI and RAPID3 measured at each visit (intervals ranged from 1 to 57 months). Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) determined a cut-off of RAPID3 best correlating with BASDAI ≥4. RAPID3 captures both pain and function, but BASDAI measures predominantly pain without function, so multiple non linear regression modeled BASDAI with RAPID3 and RAPID3<sup>2</sup> while controlling for visit number. Individual BASDAI and RAPID3 scores and summaries were plotted and compared over time. <h3>Results</h3> Of 113 patients, 75 (66%) were male and 38 (34%) were female, age averaged 44.3 (SD: 13.7), disease duration averaged 8.4 years (SD 9), 77 (61%) had more than one visit, and 36 (39%) had only one. At baseline BASDAI and RAPID3 averaged 4.17 and 3.79 respectively. BASDAI was explained by RAPID3 (<i>b</i> =1.218; s.e. =0.110, p&lt;0.001), RAPID3<sup>2</sup> (<i>b</i> = -0.045; s.e. =0.014, p=0.002), and visit number (<i>b</i> = -0.141; s.e. =0.038, p&lt;0.001) with adjusted R<sup>2</sup> =0.691. RAPID3 cut-off was 3.33 for 82.4% correct classification, 87.5% sensitivity and 78.8% specificity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> RAPID3 correlates well with BASDAI, and along with pain, it provides additional information about patient function. Since it also correlates with measures of disease activity in RA and other rheumatic diseases, RAPID3 could be an attractive measure to be used in busy rheumatology practices. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1321
How Neurologists Can Choose (Even More) Wisely
Authors: Brian C. Callaghan, James F. Burke, Eva L. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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182 EFFECT OF M0002, A NOVEL V2 ANTAGONIST ON SODIUM LEVELS AND WEIGHT GAIN AFFECTED BY WATER ACCUMULATION IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH ASCITES
Authors: F. Nevens, C. Moreno, M. Cools, L. Thielemans, R. Kerstens, A. Meulemans
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)