tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicine in the outback.
Authors: B Ostberg
Journal: BMJ (1990)

and families. The factory would provide an empty space that the hospital would equip and convert into an occupational health clinic. The hospital was then responsible for providing a doctor and a nurse who could give first aid treatment to the employees. All laboratory tests were completed at the Kimbanguist Hospital, and workers and their families were admitted there when necessary. What made it possible to complete the hospital's construction and get it working in such a short time was the collaboration of local and international organisations and in particular the enthusiasm and commitment of the volunteers. Each day during con? struction a hot meal was provided to the volunteers. Because there was no budget for this, Kimbanguist women from Kinshasa came to the hospital in groups with all the materials necessary to make these meals. The church people also volunteered their vehicles to transport hundreds of workers to and from the construction site. The enthusiasm was also enhanced by Son Eminence Dianganda Kontima, the spiritual father of the church, who would arrive at the construc? tion site several times a week, both during the day and at night. His presence attracted additional volunteers, and at times there were more than 1500 volunteers on the site. The entire construction was completed manually?in song and in happiness.
The Relation of Pulse Rate to Renal Function in a Patient with Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: PHILIP W. HALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

Case Reports1 January 1962The Relation of Pulse Rate to Renal Function in a Patient with Aortic InsufficiencyPHILIP W. HALL III, M.D.PHILIP W. HALL III, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-1-94 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWithin limits, pulse rate is unrelated normally to cardiac output. In the presence of free aortic regurgitation, however, the ability of the heart to increase effective stroke volume to compensate for bradycardia is severely limited. This has been demonstrated by Pearce and Nordyke (1) who noted a decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure of a patient with aortic insufficiency when the heart rate was slowed. Selkurt, Hall, and Spencer (2) showed that glomerular filtration and urine flow cease in the dog, when the mean perfusion pressure falls below 60 millimeters of mercury. With severe aortic insufficiency, pulse rates below...References1. PEARCENORDYKE MLR: Some observations on the effect of heart rate controlled by an external stimulator in aortic insufficiency. Amer. J. Med. 22: 498, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SELKURTHALLSPENCER EEPWMP: Influence of graded arterial pressure decrement on renal clearance of creatinine, para-amino-hippurate and sodium. Amer. J. Physiol. 159: 369, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PHILIP W. HALLIII, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, MassachusettsFrom the Medical Service of the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Philip W. Hall, III, M.D., Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, 3395 Scranton Road, Cleveland 9, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1962Volume 56, Issue 1Page: 94-96KeywordsBlood pressureBradycardiaCardiac outputFallsHeartHeart rateMedical servicesStrokeUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mental Health, Social Functioning, and Disability in Postwar Afghanistan
Authors: Barbara Lopes Cardozo
Journal: JAMA (2004)

More than 2 decades of conflict have led to widespread human suffering and population displacement in Afghanistan. In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other collaborating partners performed a national population-based mental health survey in Afghanistan.To provide national estimates of mental health status of the disabled (any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner considered normal for a human being) and nondisabled Afghan population aged at least 15 years.A national multistage, cluster, population-based mental health survey of 799 adult household members (699 nondisabled and 100 disabled respondents) aged 15 years or older conducted from July to September 2002. Fifty district-level clusters were selected based on probability proportional to size sampling. One village was randomly selected in each cluster and 15 households were randomly selected in each village, yielding 750 households.Demographics, social functioning as measured by selected questions from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, depressive symptoms measured by the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25, trauma events and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and culture-specific symptoms of mental illness and coping mechanisms.A total of 407 respondents (62.0%) reported experiencing at least 4 trauma events during the previous 10 years. The most common trauma events experienced by the respondents were lack of food and water (56.1%) for nondisabled persons and lack of shelter (69.7%) for disabled persons. The prevalence of respondents with symptoms of depression was 67.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.6%-80.7%) and 71.7% (95% CI, 65.0%-78.4%), and symptoms of anxiety 72.2% (95% CI, 63.8%-80.7%) and 84.6% (95% CI, 74.1%-95.0%) for nondisabled and disabled respondents, respectively. The prevalence of symptoms of PTSD was similar for both groups (nondisabled, 42.1%; 95% CI, 34.2%-50.1%; and disabled, 42.2%; 95% CI, 29.2%-55.2%). Women had significantly poorer mental health status than men did. Respondents who were disabled had significantly lower social functioning and poorer mental health status than those who were nondisabled. Feelings of hatred were high (84% of nondisabled and 81% of disabled respondents). Coping mechanisms included religious and spiritual practices; focusing on basic needs, such as higher income, better housing, and more food; and seeking medical assistance.In this nationally representative survey of Afghans, prevalence rates of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD were high. These data underscore the need for donors and health care planners to address the current lack of mental health care resources, facilities, and trained mental health care professionals in Afghanistan.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION OF PURE CULTURES FROM SINGLE BACTERIAL CELLS
Authors: Roy C. Avery, Stanley J. Leland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

A method is described for the isolation of pure cultures from single bacterial cells, which is simple in operation and which requires no complicated apparatus. In addition to its simplicity, the method possesses the further advantage that several selected colonies can be isolated from the same preparation.
Dissemination in Japanese hospitals of strains of Staphylococcus aureus heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin
Authors: Keiichi Hiramatsu, Nanae Aritaka, Hideaki Hanaki, Shiori Kawasaki, Yasuyuki Hosoda, Satoshi Hori, Yoshinosuke Fukuchi, Intetsu Kobayashi
Journal: The Lancet (1997)
Soybean Receptor-like Protein Kinase Genes: Paralogous Divergence of a Gene Family
Authors: Etsuo Yamamoto, Halina T. Knap
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) in plants play major roles in cellular processes and stress responses. Three soybean (Glycine max) orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana RLK were isolated and designated GmRLK1, GmRLK2, and GmRLK3. GmRLK1, GmRLK2, and GmRLK3 are similar in sequence, with GmRLK2 and GmRLK3 being nearly identical. The deduced amino acid sequences of GmRLK1, GmRLK2, and GmRLK3 possess characteristics of a transmembrane leucine-rich repeat RLK, AtCLV1. DNA fingerprinting and PCR analyses of a bacterial artificial chromosome library identified five GmRLK contigs (I-V): three for GmRLK1 (I, II, and V), one for GmRLK2 (III), and one for both GmRLK2 and GmRLK3 (IV). Phylogenetic analysis of the soybean RLKs together with other plant RLKs indicates that soybean and A. thaliana CLV1s generate a CLV1 branch, while soybean, A. thaliana, and rice RLKs generate an RLK branch. Thus, the AtCLV1 orthologs may have evolved later than the other pathogen-, environmental stress-, plant hormone-, and development-associated RLKs. A common ancestral GmRLK gene may have duplicated to give rise to GmRLK1, GmRLK2, and GmRLK3, or GmRLK2 and GmRLK3 may have resulted from a recent duplication event(s). Several amino acid replacements in the kinase domain of GmRLK1 compared with those of GmRLK2 and GmRLK3 may reflect evolutionary divergence of individual family members.
Adenylyl Cyclase-Associated Protein 1 Is a Receptor for Human Resistin and Mediates Inflammatory Actions of Human Monocytes
Authors: Sahmin Lee, Hyun-Chae Lee, Yoo-Wook Kwon, Sang Eun Lee, Youngjin Cho, Joonoh Kim, Soobeom Lee, Ju-Young Kim, Jaewon Lee, Han-Mo Yang, Inhee Mook-Jung, Ky-Youb Nam, Junho Chung, Mitchell A. Lazar, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Mediates Cough via the EP<sub>3</sub> Receptor
Authors: Sarah A. Maher, Mark A. Birrell, Maria G. Belvisi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: A significant population of patients with severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is less responsive to β2-adrenoceptor agonists and corticosteroids, and there are possible safety issues concerning long-term use of these drugs. Inhaled prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is antiinflammatory and a bronchodilator in patients with asthma, but it also causes cough.Objectives: We aimed to identify the receptor involved in PGE2-induced sensory nerve activation and cough using a range of in vitro and in vivo techniques.Methods: Depolarization of vagal sensory nerves (human, mouse, and guinea pig) was assessed as an indicator of sensory nerve acitivity. Cough was measured in a conscious guinea pig model.Measurements and Main Results: Using an extensive range of pharmacological tools, we identified that the EP3 receptor mediates PGE2-induced depolarization of sensory nerves in human, mouse, and guinea pig. Further supporting evidence comes from data showing that responses to PGE2 are virtually abolished in isolated vagus nerves from EP3-deficient mice (Ptger3−/−). Finally, we demonstrated the role of the EP3 receptor in vivo using a selective EP3 antagonist to attenuate PGE2-induced cough.Conclusions: Identification of the receptor mediating PGE2-induced cough represents a key step in developing a drug that is antiinflammatory and a bronchodilator but without unwanted side effects.
<i>TP53</i> Mutations and Lung Cancer: Not All Mutations Are Created Equal
Authors: Ramaswamy Govindan, Jason Weber
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Mutations in TP53 are common in non-small cell lung cancer. Apart from the loss of tumor-suppressor functions, TP53 mutations may result in gain of function favoring cellular proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and genomic instability. Some TP53 mutations are more likely to affect the course of the disease than others.
A novel NUP98/RARG gene fusion in acute myeloid leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Esperanza Such, José Cervera, Ana Valencia, Eva Barragán, Mariam Ibañez, Irene Luna, Óscar Fuster, Maria Luz Perez-Sirvent, Leonor Senent, Amparo Sempere, Jesús Martinez, Guillermo Martín-Aragonés, Miguel A. Sanz
Journal: Blood (2010)
Myocardial Infarction Associated With Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Authors: M. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (1999)

To the Editor: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is one of the most severe complications following controlled ovarian stimulation.Fluid redistributes from intravascular to extravascular spaces (ie, the abdominal or pleural cavity) leading to ascites and pleural effusions.Most patients can be treated successfully with intravascular fluids and thrombosis prophylaxis.However, complications such as thrombosis and even death have been reported. 1 We report the first case, to our knowledge, of a patient with myocardial infarction after ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
DATA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HETERAKIS PAPILLOSA IN THE FOWL
Authors: H. W. Graybill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

In observations on the development of the ova of Heterakis papillosa in cultures, it was found that they failed to develop at a temperature ranging from 2.5-8 degrees C., but developed slowly at a temperature of 11.5-13.5 degrees C. The minimum temperature for development seems to lie between 8 degrees and 11.5-13.5 degrees C. At temperatures ranging in various cultures from 18-29 degrees C. ova developed to their final stage in 7 to 12 days. Undeveloped ova subjected to a freezing temperature for a period of 4 days were viable at the end of that time. Fully developed ones remained alive when exposed out of doors for a period of 7 days at a temperature ranging from 5-62 degrees F. Undeveloped ova survived desiccation at room temperature for a period of 16 days, but not for 41 days. Fully developed eggs were alive after desiccation for 18 days, but not after 49 days. In another instance they were no longer viable after 10 days. Embryos within ova kept in physiological salt solution at room temperature survived during a period of a little over 12 months. Fully developed ova kept in soil outdoors under circumstances approaching natural conditions contained living embryos after a period of 8 months. From a study of a series of artificially infested chickens killed at short intervals it appears that the ova of Heterakis hatch in the small intestine and the larvae pass by way of the small and large intestines to the ceca where they undergo development to maturity. Larvae found in the mucosa of the ceca were not in an encysted condition. Feeding of numerous artificially incubated ova may lead to a light infestation, the cause of which has not been definitely determined. A period of 57 days was required for larvae to reach maturity in a host. The entire cycle from egg to adult requires a minimum time of about 64 days. A brief study of the growth and development of larvae within the host has been made. No evidence was found of a migration through the tissues. A few penetrate into the mucosa of the ceca.
On the Mechanism of the Austin Flint Murmur
Authors: NICHOLAS J. FORTUIN, ERNEST CRAIGE
Journal: Circulation (1972)

We studied mitral valve motion in 15 patients with aortic regurgitation and an Austin Flint murmur by recording simultaneously the phonocardiogram, apexcardiogram, and mitral valve echocardiogram. In 14 patients the murmur was presystolic, and in 13 of these a middiastolic component was present as well. The middiastolic component occurred after the period of rapid ventricular filling as the mitral valve was closing. The presystolic component occurred either as the mitral valve was rapidly closing following normal atrial opening movement or during the entire period of atrial systole. In this latter situation the valve did not open completely with atrial systole. All of these patients demonstrated a prominent A wave on the apexcardiogram. In patients with a two-component Flint murmur, isometric handgrip exercise greatly accentuated the murmur, altered the pattern of valve motion so that atrial systole was no longer effective in opening the valve, and reduced the size of the apex A wave. One patient had only a middiastolic Flint murmur. The mitral valve was open for only a brief period in middiastole and did not reopen with atrial systole. Cardiac catheterization documented elevation of ventricular diastolic pressures above left atrial pressures during most of diastole. Amyl nitrite reduced diastolic ventricular pressure and permitted the mitral valve to open with atrial systole. The apex A wave, which was small at rest, increased in size after amyl nitrite. Our findings suggest that the Flint murmur is due to antegrade flow across the mitral valve. The rumble occurs during rapid closure of the valve as flow velocity is increasing although actual volume of flow may be decreasing.
Single blind, randomised, comparative study of the Bug Buster kit and over the counter pediculicide treatments against head lice in the United Kingdom
Authors: N Hill, G Moor, M M Cameron, A Butlin, S Preston, M S Williamson, C Bass
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the effectiveness of the Bug Buster kit with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. <b>Design</b> Single blind, multicentre, randomised, comparative clinical study. <b>Setting</b> Four counties in England and one county in Scotland. <b>Participants</b> 133 young people aged 2-15 years with head louse infestation: 56 were allocated to the Bug Buster kit and 70 to pediculicide treatment. <b>Interventions</b> Home use of proprietary pediculicides (organophosphate or pyrethroid) or the Bug Buster kit. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Presence of head lice 2-4 days after end of treatment: day 5 for the pediculicides and day 15 for the Bug Buster kit. <b>Results</b> The cure rate using the Bug Buster kit was significantly greater than that for the pediculicides (57% <i>v</i> 13%; relative risk 4.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 8.5). Number needed to treat for the Bug Buster kit compared with the pediculicides was 2.26. <b>Conclusion</b> The Bug Buster kit was the most effective over the counter treatment for head louse infestation in the community when compared with pediculicides.
The Effects of Intravenous Procaine and Procaine Amide (Pronestyl) upon Ectopic Ventricular Tachycardia Accompanying Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: A. SIDNEY HARRIS, ANTONIO ESTANDÍA, TEDROE J. FORD, HERBERT T. SMITH, ROY W. OLSEN, REX F. TILLOTSON
Journal: Circulation (1952)

In tests using dogs with ectopic ventricular tachycardia resulting from myocardial infarction, procaine has been found to be without practical value as an ectopic impulse suppressor agent. Procaine amide has proved to be very effective in reducing the ectopic rate of high frequency tachycardias to low levels, thus eliminating danger of death from the tachycardia. Procaine amide usually does not produce an entirely normal rhythm but this is of little practical importance. The toxicity of procaine amide is relatively low. For approximately equivalent results, in the tachycardias studied, the dosage of procaine amide must be two to three times that of quinidine.
Activation of CXCR7 Limits Atherosclerosis and Improves Hyperlipidemia by Increasing Cholesterol Uptake in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Xiaofeng Li, Mengyu Zhu, Mark E. Penfold, Rory R. Koenen, Anna Thiemann, Kathrin Heyll, Shamima Akhtar, Seena Koyadan, Zhuojun Wu, Felix Gremse, Fabian Kiessling, Marc van Zandvoort, Thomas J. Schall, Christian Weber, Andreas Schober
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— The aim of this study was to determine the role of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 in atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling. CXCR7 is the alternative receptor of CXCL12, which regulates stem cell–mediated vascular repair and limits atherosclerosis via its receptor, CXCR4. Methods and Results— Wire-induced injury of the carotid artery was performed in mice with a ubiquitous, conditional deletion of CXCR7 and in mice treated with the synthetic CXCR7 ligand CCX771. The effect of CCX771 treatment on atherosclerosis was studied in apolipoprotein E–deficient ( Apoe −/− ) mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Lipoprotein fractions were quantified in the plasma of Apoe −/− mice by fast protein liquid chromatography. Uptake of DiI-labeled very low-density lipoprotein to adipose tissue was determined by 2-photon microscopy. We show that genetic deficiency of Cxcr7 increased neointima formation and lesional macrophage accumulation in hyperlipidemic mice after vascular injury. This was related to increased serum cholesterol levels and subsequent hyperlipidemia-induced monocytosis. Conversely, administration of the CXCR7 ligand CCX771 to Apoe −/− mice inhibited lesion formation and ameliorated hyperlipidemia after vascular injury and during atherosclerosis. Treatment with CCX771 reduced circulating very low-density lipoprotein levels but not low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein levels and increased uptake of very low-density lipoprotein into Cxcr7 -expressing white adipose tissue. This effect of CCX771 was associated with an enhanced lipase activity and reduced expression of Angptl4 in adipose tissue. Conclusions— CXCR7 regulates blood cholesterol by promoting its uptake in adipose tissue. This unexpected cholesterol-lowering effect of CXCR7 is beneficial for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, presumably via amelioration of hyperlipidemia-induced monocytosis, and can be augmented with a synthetic CXCR7 ligand.
TUBERCULOSIS IN THE JEWISH DISTRICT OF CHICAGO.
Authors: THEODORE B. SACHS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The Jewish population of Chicago can be estimated at 75,000. This element of population is not as homogeneous as any other of the numerous nationalities found in this city; the ideas, customs and mode of life of Jews differ according to their place of nativity or length of residence in this country. The so-called immunity of the Jewish race from certain diseases varies in degree according to the economic and hygienic conditions in which they live; tuberculosis, for instance, may be comparatively rare among the well-to-do, but is very common among the poor. The same can be said about all kinds of infectious diseases, the spread of which is favored by poverty, overcrowding and its attendant unfavorable conditions of life. Conditions in which the different elements of the Jewish population live influence the degree of prevalence of certain diseases to a much greater extent than any racial characteristics. <h3>THE JEWISH</h3>