tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain histamine levels and neocortical slow-wave activity in rats with portacaval anastomosis
Authors: Violina Lozeva, Antti Valjakka, Eeva Anttila, Ewen MacDonald, Mikko Hippeläinen, Leena Tuomisto
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

To determine whether the increased histamine levels in the brain of rats with portacaval anastomosis (PCA) are associated with the development of sleep disturbances during the light phase, the neocortical slow–wave activity of PCA–operated rats was examined with electroencephalography (EEG) 1 month and 6 months after the surgery. The tissue levels of histamine, tele –methylhistamine, 5–hydroxytryptamine (5–HT) (serotonin), and 5–hydroxyindole–3–acetic acid (5–HIAA) in frontal cortex were assayed by high–performance liquid chromatography 6 months after the surgery. PCA surgery led to changes in the synchronized, low–frequency, high–amplitude frontal cortex EEG activity recorded during the light phase. Delta–wave amplitude but not delta time was significantly decreased, whereas both spindle amplitude and spindling time were significantly decreased. There werealso significant age–related changes, presented as increases in the duration of spindles and the amplitude of both delta waves and spindles. PCA–operated rats showed a change in the pattern of EEG activity with increasing age similar to sham–operated rats. This suggests that once established, the resetting of the systems regulating the sleep–waking behavior is being maintained with time. The tissue levels of both histamine and metabolite in the frontal cortex were increased, whereas the serotonin system showed only an increase in the level of the metabolite. There was a significant negative correlation between the spindling time and the tissue histamine levels. We suggest that histamine, which participates in the control of vigilance, sleep, and wakefulness, as well as in the modulation of circadian rhythmicity, may play a role in the development of sleep disturbances in rats with PCA.
Platelet and vascular function during coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Authors: D M Kerins, L Roy, G A FitzGerald, D J Fitzgerald
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Platelet activation may limit the response to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) during coronary thrombolysis in humans. As an index of platelet activation, we assessed thromboxane A2 biosynthesis during coronary thrombolysis with intravenous t-PA in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Urinary 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2, a metabolite of thromboxane A2, was increased to a peak of 3,327 +/- 511 pg/mg creatinine (n = 12) following administration of intravenous t-PA and remained elevated for 48 hours. This increase was abolished by pretreatment with aspirin 325 mg orally (n = 6), indicating de novo biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 rather than washout of preformed metabolites during reperfusion. Prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis, determined by excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha, also increased after t-PA administration. However, this increase was less pronounced in patients who reperfused (28 +/- 3.3 ng.hr/mg creatinine) than in patients who failed to reperfuse (118 +/- 30 ng.hr/mg creatinine, p less than 0.05). These data provide evidence of platelet activation during coronary thrombolysis with t-PA. In patients who reperfuse, the reduction in PGI2 biosynthesis may be a marker of reperfusion injury to the vasculature and may further amplify platelet activation.
Heterogeneity of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Gene Rearrangement in Non–Small-Cell Lung Carcinomas: A Comparative Study Between Small Biopsy and Excision Samples
Authors: Hideyuki Abe, Akihiko Kawahara, Koichi Azuma, Tomoki Taira, Yorihiko Takase, Chihiro Fukumitsu, Kazuya Murata, Tomohiko Yamaguchi, Jun Akiba, Hidenobu Ishii, Isamu Okamoto, Tomoaki Hoshino, Shinzou Takamori, Masayoshi Kage
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Hospital Resource Allocation and Insurance Coverage
Authors: Donald F. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Braveman et al<sup>1</sup>very elegantly provide documentation that babies who are not covered by "adequate" health insurance have fewer resources applied to their medical problems. But is their inference that these infants are getting suboptimal care valid? They state that, "It seems reasonable that medical procedures not necessarily associated with lowering the risk of adverse health outcomes, and even medically indicated elective procedures, would be kept to a minimum for newborns, especially sick ones." There is a different way to look at the same data—that of the behaviorist. Neonatologists, like all of us, are rewarded for their behaviors, which include procedures that they perform. If their compensation is enhanced (that is they get paid) for a particular behavior procedure in a particular group of patients, they are more likely to repeat that behavior. If, on the other hand, no reward results from a particular behavior, it
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Type C RNA Viruses
Authors: Charles L. Christian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Modern immunology and knowledge of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus have expanded enormously over the past decade. No other disease of man better integrates the concepts of autoimmunity, immune-complex disease, lymphocyte heterogeneity and immune regulation; many of these concepts have evolved from studies of the disorder. The evidence for immunologic mediation of the disease is compelling, and yet the etiologic stimulus is unknown: current speculation in this regard is focused on chronic or persistent infection. The observation that endothelial cells of patients with systemic lupus contain tubuloreticular structures resembling paramyxovirus nucleocapsids, as reported in the Journal,1 stimulated studies . . .
880 SERUM DES-ACYLGHRELIN CONCENTRATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTOLOGIC NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) AND FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: M. Estep, G. Vernon, L. Wang, M. Stepanova, A. Younoszai, H. Elariny, Z. Goodman, V. Chandhoke, A. Baranova, Z. Younossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A Rare Case of Osteoid Osteoma of the Coccyx Detected on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Nir Hod, Gil Fire, Tifha Horne
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Osteoid osteoma is a relatively common bone tumor that can arise in virtually any bone. The long bones are preferentially affected, particularly the femur and tibia. Localization to the spine is present in 10% of all cases, with the lumbar vertebrae most frequently affected. The authors present a young patient with an extremely rare site of osteoid osteoma affecting the coccyx detected by bone scintigraphy.
Bacterial-Mediated Knockdown of Tumor Resistance to an Oncolytic Virus Enhances Therapy
Authors: Michelle Cronin, Fabrice Le Boeuf, Carola Murphy, Dominic G Roy, Theresa Falls, John C Bell, Mark Tangney
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) and bacteria share the property of tumor-selective replication following systemic administration. In the case of nonpathogenic bacteria, tumor selectivity relates to their ability to grow extracellularly within tumor stroma and is therefore ideally suited to restricting the production of bacterially produced therapeutic agents to tumors. We have previously shown the ability of the type 1 interferon antagonist B18R to enhance the replication and spread of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) by overcoming related cellular innate immunity. In this study, we utilized nonpathogenic bacteria (E. coli) expressing B18R to facilitate tumor-specific production of B18R, resulting in a microenvironment depleted of bioactive antiviral cytokine, thus "preconditioning" the tumor to enhance subsequent tumor destruction by the OV. Both in vitro and in vivo infection by VSVΔ51 was greatly enhanced by B18R produced from E. coli. Moreover, a significant increase in therapeutic efficacy resulted from intravenous (i.v.) injection of bacteria to tumor-bearing mice 5 days prior to i.v. VSVΔ51 administration, as evidenced by a significant reduction in tumor growth and increased survival in mice. Our strategy is the first example where two such diverse microorganisms are rationally combined and demonstrates the feasibility of combining complementary microorganisms to improve therapeutic outcome.
Correction: Article on Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: Steven D. Helgerson, Laurence R. Foster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1984Correction: Article on Toxic Shock SyndromeSTEVEN D. HELGERSON, M.D., M.P.H., LAURENCE R. FOSTER, M.D., M.P.H.STEVEN D. HELGERSON, M.D., M.P.H.Search for more papers by this author, LAURENCE R. FOSTER, M.D., M.P.H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-150_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We offer two corrections for tables that appeared in our article in June 1982. In Table 1, the number of clinic-controls who used Rely tampons (Procter & Gamble) during the index period should be three instead of one. This makes Table 1 consistent with Table 2, which shows three case-control pairs in the comparison of tampon use between cases and clinic-controls during the index period. In Table 2, there is a blank in the column that should show the number of pairs of cases and friend-controls who both used the Rely tampon at any time. The number...Reference1. HELGERSONFOSTER SL. Toxic shock syndrome in Oregon: epidemiologic findings. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96(6 pt 2):909-11. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 150-151KeywordsToxic shock syndrome Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Usefulness of a Tilt Training Program for the Prevention of Refractory Neurocardiogenic Syncope in Adolescents
Authors: Enrico Di Girolamo, Cesare Di Iorio, Luigi Leonzio, Panfilo Sabatini, Antonio Barsotti
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Recurrent syncope represents a debilitating disorder and quality of life deteriorates as a function of recurrence of symptoms. Although the administration of β-blockers, vasoconstrictors, fludrocortisone, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be helpful in preventing episodes, many patients are intolerant of or respond poorly to these agents. Orthostatic training has been reported to be effective in preventing refractory syncope. Thus, to determine whether a tilt training program could prevent symptoms in adolescents, the following controlled study was undertaken. Methods and Results —Forty-seven consecutive adolescents (18 male and 29 female, mean age 16.0±2.2 years) with recurrent syncope and positive head-up tilt test refractory to previous traditional therapies were distributed between 2 groups, depending on their consent (24 patients) or refusal (controls, 23 patients) to enter the program. Orthostatic training was started, in the presence of a family member, with a series of 5 in-hospital sessions. The 24 patients and their relatives were then instructed to perform the tilt training at home by standing against a wall twice a day for a planned duration of up to 40 minutes, depending on the in-hospital orthostatic tolerance. Head-up tilt response was reevaluated after 1 month, and the clinical effect was noted over a mean follow-up of 18.2±5.3 months (range 15 to 23); 26.1% of patients in the control group and 95.8% of patients in the training group became tilt-negative ( P &lt;0.0001). Spontaneous syncope was observed in 56.5% versus 0% in the control and training group, respectively ( P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions —Orthostatic training was found to significantly improve symptoms of adolescents with neurocardiogenic syncope unresponsive to or intolerant of traditional medications. Twice-a-day training sessions of 40 minutes were well accepted by patients.
Newborn Screening for Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Flora Tassone
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), caused by a trinucleotide expansion (&gt;200 CGG repeats) in the fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1), is currently not included in newborn screening (NBS) panels in the United States as it does not meet the standards for recommendation. Although in the past few years FXS has met many of the criteria for population screening and studies have shown that NBS for FXS is feasible, the idea is still controversial and the debate is open. The recent advances in genomic testing as well as groundbreaking advances in targeted treatment for FXS have been challenging the dogma and principle of the national NBS program: screen only if you can intervene. Arguments in favor of NBS include benefits of early intervention and follow-up for the identified baby, which would justify NBS even in the absence of medical benefit to the child. In addition, the extended family members may benefit from genetic and reproductive counseling, informed decision making before a subsequent pregnancy, and access to treatment and services. However, communicating the results and the potential consequences to families is a challenge and could lead to a heavy psychosocial burden. A controversial issue is the identification of premutation carriers (55-200 CGG repeats), because it not only can lead to information on the reproductive possibility of having a child with FXS but also leads to information about personal health risks associated with the premutation. Yet, knowledge of carrier status could stimulate and encourage lifestyle changes and preventive measures likely to reduce the risk of medical problems reported in premutation carriers. If NBS for FXS is developed, it must be carried out with clear awareness of the potential impact on the lives of the children, and it should be done after counseling and parents' informed consent. Importantly, the infrastructure to support testing, counseling, treatment, and follow-up will have to be made available to the families.
S-100 positive cells in human arterial intima and in atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Y. V Bobryshev, R. S. Lord
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The presence of previously unrecognised cells has been detected during ultrastructural investigations of normal and atherosclerotic human aortic intima. These cells show many of the morphological features of dendritic cells. Because dendritic cells can be stained positively for S-100, the aim of this study was to determine whether S-100 immunoreactive cells can be detected in the arterial wall, and if so, how they are distributed in normal intima and in atherosclerotic lesions.Paraffin sections of human aorta and carotid artery were stained with S-100 antibody, using an immunoperoxidase technique.In areas of the arterial wall without histological signs of atherosclerosis, S-100 positive cells were found but they were relatively few compared with the much greater numbers of S-100 positive cells showing dendritic cell morphology in atherosclerotic lesions. Different atherosclerotic lesions were found to contain different numbers of S-100 positive cells. In fatty steaks and in uncomplicated atheromatous plaques, many S-100 positive cells were present, but in complicated atherosclerotic lesions fewer such cells were found.Although the nature of these S-100 positive dendritic cells needs further clarification, the results suggest that these cells play an important role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and may represent antigen presenting dendritic cells in human arteries. If the S-100 positive cells prove to be part of the family of antigen presenting dendritic cells, the findings have important implications for understanding atherogenesis and offer a link between immune mechanisms and atherosclerotic lesion formation.
Ultrasound surveillance to detect postoperative venous thrombosis
Authors: D. C. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Francis et al 1 suggest that warfarin therapy is more effective than external pneumatic compression in preventing proximal vein thrombosis after hip replacement surgery, but that it is less effective for the prevention of calf thrombosis. They advocate routine use of warfarin prophylaxis and suggest routine venography prior to discharge or extended use of warfarin to protect those patients who develop isolated calfthrombosis. However, orthopedic surgeons are reluctant to use perioperative anticoagulants. 2 Given this reluctance, alternative strategies might be developed based on the results of the study by Francis et al. One such alternative strategy would be the use of external pneumatic compression and postoperative surveillance with duplex ultrasound. Duplex ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific for asymptomatic proximal venous thrombosis following hip surgery. 3,4 Duplex ultrasound does not reliably detect isolated calf thrombosis, but serial ultrasound examinations have been used in other settings to detect
Doctors and administrators
Authors: P Roys
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Record Linkage Study in the mid-1960s.:Taking these facts into account it is clear that we should continue to accept the figures of Knowelden et al as an accurate statement of the age-specific incidence of fractures of the neck of the femur in Great Britain.Incidence rates and admission rates are both important statistics in the planning and development of health services.
Confinement and Deformation of Single Cells and Their Nuclei Inside Size‐Adapted Microtubes
Authors: Britta Koch, Samuel Sanchez, Christine K. Schmidt, Anka Swiersy, Stephen P. Jackson, Oliver G. Schmidt
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Rolled-up transparent microtubes are shown to serve as cell culture scaffolds that exactly define the space available for single cell growth. Human U2OS osteosarcoma cells are confined within microtubes of different diameters and the effects of the cell deformation on the integrity of the DNA and cell survival are studied.
Engrailed, Wnt and Pax genes regulate midbrain-hindbrain development
Authors: Alexandra L. Joyner
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1996)

The mouse Engrailed, Wnt and Pax genes, which are homologues of Drosophila segmentation genes, have provided a critical genetic entry point for dissecting the molecular and cellular control of mesencephalon and metencephalon development in vertebrates. Mutant phenotypes and gene expression data suggest that six members of these gene families are required for early formation of these brain regions. Ectopic transplantation studies have shown that the midbrain-hindbrain-junction protein can act as an organizer and recruit certain host cells to re-establish parts of the entire region. Taken together, these studies indicate that the mesencephalon and metencephalon develop as one independent unit, and that the genetic network regulating development of this region involves conserved genes that control segmentation in Drosophila. By analogy, segmentation of the rest of the brain might best be described in terms of 'genetic units' defined by genetic and transplantation data.
Mutations in sodium channel β-subunit SCN3B are associated with early-onset lone atrial fibrillation
Authors: Morten S. Olesen, Thomas Jespersen, Jonas B. Nielsen, Bo Liang, Daniel V. Møller, Paula Hedley, Michael Christiansen, András Varró, Søren-Peter Olesen, Stig Haunsø, Nicole Schmitt, Jesper H. Svendsen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia. Screening of SCN5A-the gene encoding the α-subunit of the cardiac sodium channel-has indicated that disturbances of the sodium current may play a central role in the mechanism of lone AF. We tested the hypothesis that lone AF in young patients is associated with genetic mutations in SCN3B and SCN4B, the genes encoding the two β-subunits of the cardiac sodium channel.In 192 unrelated lone AF patients, the entire coding sequence and splice junctions of SCN3B and SCN4B were bidirectionally sequenced. Three non-synonymous mutations were found in SCN3B (R6K, L10P, and M161T). Two mutations were novel (R6K and M161T). None of the mutations were present in the control group (n = 432 alleles), nor have any been previously reported in conjunction with AF. All SCN3B mutations affected residues that are evolutionarily conserved across species. Electrophysiological studies on the SCN3B mutation were carried out and all three SCN3B mutations caused a functionally reduced sodium channel current. One synonymous variant was found in SCN4B.In 192 young lone AF patients, we found three patients with suspected disease-causing non-synonymous mutations in SCN3B, indicating that mutations in this gene contribute to the mechanism of lone AF. The three mutations in SCN3B were investigated electrophysiologically and all led to loss of function in the sodium current, supporting the hypothesis that decreased sodium current enhances AF susceptibility.
Frostbite
Authors: Bradford Washburn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

VERY significant progress has been made during the last decade in an understanding of the nature of frostbite. Furthermore, recommended treatment today is so drastically different from the generally accepted practice of only a few years ago that it seems most important for modern methods to be understood and applied as widely and rapidly as possible. Although this article has been written primarily for those interested in climbing and exploring in the high mountains, it is hoped that the data in it may prove as useful to the lowland traveler or outdoor laborer as to the mountaineer.Frostbite is a . . .
Repolarization Changes Induced by Air Pollution in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Alexandra Henneberger, Wojciech Zareba, Angela Ibald-Mulli, Regina Rückerl, Josef Cyrys, Jean-Phillippe Couderc, Betty Mykins, Gabriele Woelke, H.-Erich Wichmann, Annette Peters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Epidemiologic studies report associations between particulate air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that patients with preexisting coronary heart disease experience changes in the repolarization parameters in association with rising concentrations of air pollution. A prospective panel study was conducted in Erfurt, East Germany, with 12 repeated electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in 56 males with ischemic heart disease. Hourly particulate and gaseous air pollution and meteorologic data were acquired. The following ECG parameters reflecting myocardial substrate and vulnerability were measured: QT duration, T-wave amplitude, T-wave complexity, and variability of T-wave complexity. Fixed effect regression analysis was used adjusting for subject, trend, weekday, and meteorology. The analysis showed a significant increase in QT duration in response to exposure to organic carbon; a significant decrease in T-wave amplitude with exposure to ultrafine, accumulation mode, and PM2.5 particles (particles < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter); and a corresponding significant increase of T-wave complexity in association with PM2.5 particles for the 24 hr before ECG recordings. Variability of T-wave complexity showed a significant increase with organic and elemental carbon in the same time interval. This study provides evidence suggesting an immediate effect of air pollution on repolarization duration, morphology, and variability representing myocardial substrate and vulnerability, key factors in the mechanisms of cardiac death.