tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Inhaled Corticosteroid, Budesonide, Reduces Baseline but Not Allergen-induced Increases in Bone Marrow Inflammatory Cell Progenitors in Asthmatic Subjects
Authors: LORNA J. WOOD, ROMA SEHMI, GAIL M. GAUVREAU, RICHARD M. WATSON, RONAN FOLEY, JUDAH A. DENBURG, PAUL M. O'BYRNE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We have previously shown that allergen inhalation by asthmatics is associated with increases in bone marrow eosinophil/basophil colony-forming cells (Eo/B-CFU), and increases in CD34+ hemopoietic progenitors expressing the α -subunit of the IL-5 receptor (IL-5R α ). This study investigated the effect of inhaled corticosteroid on baseline numbers and allergen-induced increases in these parameters. Nine subjects with mild, stable asthma inhaled budesonide (400 μ g/d) for 8 d in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized crossover study. On Day 7, subjects inhaled allergen, with bone marrow sampling before and 24 h after challenge. Budesonide inhalation significantly attenuated the allergen-induced early and late asthmatic responses, degree of increase in sputum and blood eosinophils, as well as the baseline numbers of total bone marrow CD34+ cells (p < 0.05), CD34+IL-3R α+ cells (p < 0.01) and IL-5-responsive Eo/B-CFU (p < 0.05). Allergen inhalation significantly increased Eo/B-CFU grown in the presence of IL-3, GM-CSF, or IL-5 alone (p < 0.05) and in combination (p < 0.01), as well as the number of CD34+IL-5R α+ cells (p < 0.01). However, these increases in Eo/B-CFU and CD34+IL-5R α+ cells were not affected by budesonide treatment. These data demonstrate that short-term inhaled budesonide treatment has a systemic effect in inhibiting the turnover of a subpopulation of bone-marrow-derived progenitors, but that inhalation of allergen overcomes this inhibitory effect.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women
Authors: Victor V. Waters
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Silverman et al<sup>1</sup>found that urine drug screening is a marker for increased risk for having hepatitis B virus infection in unregistered prenatal patients. However, the study does not address other risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection. In women, heterosexual activity is reported as the most common risk factor, followed by intravenous drug use.<sup>2</sup>Baddour et al<sup>3</sup>conducted a study in black women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic and found that the risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus infection was associated with women with five or more lifetime sexual partners. Other factors associated with increased risk of hepatitis B virus infection includes prostitution, a history of sexually transmitted diseases, or seropositivity for herpes or syphilis.<sup>4</sup> In regard to neonatal hepatitis B prophylaxis, how many completed the three-dose series? Were there differences in vaccine completion rates found between the unregistered
Amino acid losses and nitrogen balance during slow diurnal hemodialysis in critically ill patients with renal failure
Authors: M. Kihara, Y. Ikeda, H. Fujita, M. Miura, S. Masumori, K. Tamura, M. Yabana, N. Takagi, S. Umemura, M. Ishii
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1997)
THE VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY BRAIN CENTERS CONTROLLING THE OCULAR MUSCLES.
Authors: G. C. SAVAGE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

There are two groups of brain centers for controlling the movements of the eyes. One group is found in the cortex, and consists of nine distinct centers. In this group are two more centers, making eleven in all, but these two are connected with muscles within the eye, viz. : the Müller muscle in the ciliary body and the sphincter of the iris, and will not be specifically studied in this paper. The second group is located at the base of the brain, and consists of twelve distinct centers. In this group are four more centers, making sixteen in all, but these four are connected with the muscles within the globe already mentioned, hence they will be passed without further mention. <h3>THE CORTICAL GROUP.</h3> Experimentation and pathology both have given evidence of the existence of the cortical centers. Experimenters on the lower animals have not yet found
Relation between myocardial glutathione content and extent of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Authors: A Singh, K J Lee, C Y Lee, R D Goldfarb, M F Tsan
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The relation between the extent of myocardial injury sustained during reperfusion and total glutathione (GSH) content in the ischemic myocardium was examined in anesthetized open-chest pigs subjected to coronary occlusion for 45 minutes and reperfusion for 2 hours. In pigs infused with saline during reperfusion (n = 6) there was a decrease in myocardial GSH content from 380 +/- 48 micrograms/g in normally perfused myocardium to 182 +/- 36 micrograms/g in the ischemic reperfused myocardium (p less than 0.02). Myocardial infarct size (expressed as a percentage of the ischemic area) was 12.5 +/- 0.8%. There was a delay of recovery of contractile function before returning to 60% of preocclusion value. In pigs pretreated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) (n = 5), an inhibitor of cellular GSH synthesis, there was reduction in GSH content to 215 +/- 25 micrograms/gm in normally perfused myocardium and to 77 +/- 8 micrograms/gm in the ischemic reperfused myocardium. The extent of injury was greater as evidenced by an increase in infarct size to 30.4 +/- 4.0% (p less than 0.001), severe destructive changes in subepicardial ultrastructure, which were absent in saline-infused pigs, and persistence of dyskinesia throughout reperfusion. In pigs infused with glutathione intravenously (0.8 gm/kg) at a rate of 6.5 mg/kg/min (n = 6), 5 minutes before and continuously during reperfusion, there was an increase in GSH content to 582 +/- 67 micrograms/g in normally perfused myocardium and to 312 +/- 80 micrograms/g in ischemic reperfused myocardium. The increase in myocardial GSH was associated with a reduction in infarct size to 7.5 +/- 1.3% (p less than 0.05, compared with saline-infused pigs) and an early recovery of contractile function of the ischemic myocardium. GSH infusion into pigs pretreated with BSO (n = 4) failed to increase myocardial GSH content and failed to reduce the extent of myocardial injury. Thus, the extent of myocardial injury sustained during reperfusion is very dependent on the effectiveness of its antioxidant defenses. Markedly increased susceptibility to injury occurs when the GSH content in the ischemic myocardium becomes depleted.
Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase FKBP52 Controls Chemotropic Guidance of Neuronal Growth Cones via Regulation of TRPC1 Channel Opening
Authors: Sangwoo Shim, Joseph P. Yuan, Ju Young Kim, Weizhong Zeng, Guo Huang, Aleksandr Milshteyn, Dorothee Kern, Shmuel Muallem, Guo li Ming, Paul F. Worley
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Inducible production of nitric oxide in osteoblast-like cells and in fetal mouse bone explants is associated with suppression of osteoclastic bone resorption.
Authors: C W Löwik, P H Nibbering, M van de Ruit, S E Papapoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of osteoclast activity. Since osteoblasts, through the release of various factors, are the main regulators of osteoclastic resorption, first we have investigated whether osteoblast-like cells and fetal mouse long bone explants are able to produce NO. Second, we have assessed the effect of NO on osteoclastic resorption in whole bone cultures. In this study we show that primary rat osteoblast-like cells as well as the clonal rat osteoblast-like cell line UMR-106, stimulated with IFN-gamma together with TNF-alpha and LPS, produce NO, measured as nitrite production. IL-1 alpha enhanced while TGF-beta 2 inhibited TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma + LPS-stimulated NO production in UMR-106 cells dose dependently. Both the cytokines, however, had no effect when given alone. The competitive inhibitor of NO production, NG-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA), and cycloheximide abolished the increase in nitrite production induced by TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma + LPS, while hydrocortisone had no effect, as previously reported for chondrocytes. Calciotropic hormones had either no effect [1,25(OH)2D3] or had a small inhibitory effect (parathyroid hormone) on stimulated NO production. Furthermore, we found that in cultured fetal mouse long bone explants the combination of TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma + LPS as well as the NO donor sodium nitroprusside could inhibit osteoclastic resorption, measured as 45Ca release. The inhibition of resorption was prevented by concurrent administration of L-NMMA. Histological evaluation revealed that the TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma + LPS-induced inhibition of 45Ca release was associated with a decrease in the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts. We propose that the NO production by osteogenic cells (osteoblasts and chondrocytes) may represent an important regulatory mechanism of osteoclastic activity especially under pathological conditions characterized by release of bone-resorbing inflammatory cytokines.
Central Venous Catheterization — Subclavian Vein
Authors: Dana A V Braner, Susanna Lai, Scott Eman, Ken Tegtmeyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Evidence suggests that the risk of major central venous line complications, particularly line-related bloodstream infections, is lower when the subclavian approach is used. This video will identify the landmarks and procedure for placement of a subclavian central line. Specific contraindications for the placement of a central venous line in the subclavian vein include infection of the area overlying the target vein and thrombosis of the target vein and fracture or suspected fracture of the clavicle or proximal ribs. Coagulopathy, while not an absolute contraindication, should be of greater concern with the subclavian approach because of the difficulty in applying . . . .
Urogenital Pain – Time to Accept a New Approach to Phenotyping and, as a Consequence, Management
Authors: Andrew P. Baranowski, Paul Abrams, Richard E. Berger, C.A. Tony Buffington, Amanda C. de C. Williams, Phil Hanno, John D. Loeser, J. Curtis Nickel, Ursula Wesselmann
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Enhanced atherosclerosis and kidney dysfunction in eNOS–/–Apoe–/– mice are ameliorated by enalapril treatment
Authors: Joshua W. Knowles, Robert L. Reddick, J. Charles Jennette, Edward G. Shesely, Oliver Smithies, Nobuyo Maeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Hypertension and atherosclerosis are each important causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. We have investigated the interaction between these conditions by breeding mice that are atherosclerotic due to lack of apolipoprotein (apo) E with mice that are hypertensive due to lack of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The doubly deficient mice (nnee) have higher blood pressure (BP) and increased atherosclerotic lesion size but no change in plasma lipoprotein profiles compared with normotensive but atherosclerotic (NNee) mice. The nnee mice also develop kidney damage, evidenced by increased plasma creatinine, decreased kidney weight/body weight ratio, and glomerular lipid deposition and calcification. Enalapril treatment abolishes the deleterious effects of eNOS deficiency on BP, atherosclerosis, and kidney dysfunction in nnee mice. In striking contrast, a genetic lack of inducible NOS, which does not affect BP, has no effect on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in Apoe–/– mice. We also observed a positive relationship between BP and size of atherosclerotic lesions These results suggest that the atherogenic effects of eNOS deficiency can be partially explained by an increase in BP and reemphasize the importance of controlling hypertension in preventing atherosclerosis.
Coal Worker??s Pneumoconiosis Mimicking Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: TOSHIBUMI KINOSHITA, HISAO ITOH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors describe a 63-year-old coal miner with pneumoconiosis. Ga-67 citrate scanning demonstrated intense uptake in both pulmonary hilar regions extending into the right paratracheal region with diffusely increased activity of the pulmonary parenchyma, mimicking the gallium image of sarcoidosis.
Bulimia Nervosa — Psyche and Satiety
Authors: D B Herzog, P M Copeland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Bulimia nervosa has only recently been classified as a distinct syndrome. Estimates of its prevalence vary; however, when strict diagnostic criteria are applied, this eating disorder has been found to affect 1 to 4 percent of young adult American women and a much smaller number of men. Its cause remains an enigma.lBoth psychological and biologic factors appear to play a part in bulimic behavior. The patient with bulimia nervosa is anxious, lonely, and frustrated, and often reports abnormal appetite and difficulty in feeling sated. Eventually, bingeing and purging can become habitual and interfere with social functioning.Bingeing and purging . . .
Abstract 3711: Discovery of new therapeutic strategies for rare cancers with defined genetic lesions
Authors: Lauren T. Kerr, Sophie Young, Elizabeth D. Williams, David Thomas, Terrance G. Johns
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Rare cancers are defined as those with an incidence of less than 0.05% in a given population, yet collectively make up ∼20% of all cancers. A proportion of these are characterized by a primary, driving genetic lesion which disrupts normal cell regulation, resulting in malignancy. Patients of rare cancer could potentially benefit from clinically approved targeted therapies developed for other cancers; however their rarity makes recruitment for clinical trials extremely difficult. Cell lines derived from these patients often maintain the genetic lesions present in the parent tumor, and therefore can serve as a platform to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies. Here we describe in vitro strategies for identifying novel treatment regimens for the rare, simple karyotype cancer Myxoid Liposarcoma (MLS). MLS is characterized by a single genetic event, the chromosomal translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11), which occurs in &amp;gt;95% of cases. The gene product of this translocation is the constitutively active fusion protein FUS-CHOP, which alters the expression of transcription factors responsible for regulating adipocytic differentiation. This drives the cells into a perpetual state of proliferation in the absence of differentiation, thus leading to malignancy. This study uses the cell lines MLS 402 and MLS 1765, which are derived from MLS patients, and express FUS-CHOP. Cells were screened with a panel of anti-cancer treatments, including antibodies, small molecule inhibitors and chemotherapies. Axitinib was identified as an efficacious treatment both alone and in combination with other therapies. Axitinib caused cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis as verified by Annexin V flow cytometry assay. This multi-kinase inhibitor targets the membrane-bound receptors c-Kit, PDGFRα/β and VEGFR1/2/3. Western blot and bioplex assays were utilised to determine the downstream target molecules inhibited by axitinib treatment. Axitinib significantly reduced signalling activity through the AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK1/2 pathways. Axitinib also displayed additive and synergistic anti-tumor activity with other targeted therapies. The establishment of cell lines that retain the key genetic mutation found in rare cancers is a useful approach for identifying novel therapeutic options. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3711. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3711
HIP SCREENING IN ELITE YOUTH TENNIS PLAYERS
Authors: AR Cotorro, M Philippon, K Briggs, R Boykin, D Dominguez
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Tennis continues to be a popular sport with increasing participation in youth acadameys. As players begin to play competitive tennis earlier in life, more injuries are possible. Hip problems including femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) have been frequently reported in this population. Objective To determine how many young tennis players have abnormal findings on clinical exam of the hip. Design Pre-participation screening of youth tennis players. Setting Tennis academy. Participants 148 tennis players with an average age of the subjects was 15.1 years (range 11–19) with 58 females and 90 males. Started tennis at an average age of 6 years (range 3–14) and participate in average of 20 tournaments per year and play tennis 47 weeks per year (range 39–52). Risk factor assessment Screening. Main outcome measurement “Hip At-Risk”. A positive test for risk of FAI was defined as positive anterior impingement sign, a positive FABER, or decreased internal rotation (&gt;5 degrees) compared to contralateral hip. Results 6 players had previous hip injury and and 3 had history of a sports hernia. 31/148 (21%) had a positive impingement test on one or both hips, 34/148 (23%) had FABER distance difference between hips of greater than 3 cm, and 53/148 (36%) had decreased internal rotation (&gt;5 degrees). Other positive findings included the Thomas test (31%), Ober test (27%), pain with lumbar extension (13%), Trendelenberg (5%), and straight leg raise(3%). Overall 92/148 (62%) were considered to have a hip “at-risk for FAI. The subjects at risk of FAI had played tennis longer (9.5 years) compared to those without risk (8.6 years) P=.041. Conclusion: Hip screening of elite youth tennis players demonstrated that 62% of the athletes have a hip “at-risk” for femeroacetabular impingement based on physical examination, This risk was associated with years of tennis played.
Increased Mortality with Gallstone Disease: Results of a 20-Year Population-Based Survey in Pima Indians
Authors: Charles H. Grimaldi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine if gallstone disease is associated with an increased risk for malignancy and higher total mortality in Pima Indians. Design: Inception cohort. Setting: American Indian community. Participants: Age- and sex-stratified random population-based sample. Measurements: Between 1966 and 1969, an age- and sex-stratified random sample of Pima Indians from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona was examined to identify evidence of gallstone disease defined as either gallstones (oral cholecystography) or previous cholecystectomy. During 20 years of follow-up, deaths were recorded and underlying causes of death, according to death certificates, were determined. Results: Among 383 persons with known gallbladder status, 186 (49%) died: 133 among the 222 persons with gallstone disease and 53 among the 161 without. The overall death rate was higher in persons with gallstone disease than in those with normal gallbladders. The age-and sex-adjusted death rate ratio was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.7). Furthermore, the death rate attributed to malignancies was 6.6 times (CI, 1.3 to 33.1) as high in persons with gallstone disease as in those with normal gallbladders. Of the 20 fatal malignancies in persons with gallstone disease, 11 occurred in the digestive tract, of which six involved the gallbladder or bile ducts. Conclusions: Increased cancer mortality and total mortality were found in Pima Indians with gallstone disease. Although plausible explanations exist for the increased cancer mortality, the increased death rates due to other causes are unexplained. Whether cholecystectomy would change this risk is unknown.
Enzymes in Health and Disease
Authors: Edward E. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The subject here comprises the basis of the universe of living things, their function, malfunction, interrelations, and susceptibility to manipulation; the whole of biological basic science and clinical medicine approached from the micromolecularphysicochemical viewpoint. Each contributor is a specialist who was asked to bring thoughts from his field of knowledge which would be of most interest to students of enzymes in health and disease. The contributions are well prepared, explained, and illustrated and cover fundamental and clinical aspects of "molecular disease," glutamic acid and glucose metabolism in brain, cancer growth, serum enzymes, relief of thrombosis and tissue inflammation, débridement of wounds and burns, blood clotting, fibrinolytic systems, penicillinase, treatment of respiratory diseases including asthma, and many other things. It sounds confusing, but enzymes are everywhere and if an enzyme can't do what you want done, it probably isn't worth fooling with. Collagenase, if available, would be the best agent to
National Therapeutic Society.
Authors: D. Olin Leech
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Washington, D. C., April 16, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The attention of the Therapeutic Society of the District of Columbia having been called, through several articles recently published, to the formation of a national therapeutic society, at a recent meeting it was decided to take the initiative steps, with representatives of other therapeutic societies, looking toward the formation of such a national body. I have been instructed to ask thatThe Journalaid us in this movement. We would suggest that all therapeutic societies, or as many as desire, throughout the United States, elect and send delegates, with such an object in view, to meet in this city, May 1-4, at the time of the meeting of the Association of American Physicians. The Eighth Decennial Convention for Revision of the U. S. Pharmacopeia holds its session here at the same time. The D. C. Therapeutic Society will be pleased to
Treatment of Thrombosis of Veins of the Lower Extremities
Authors: Raphael Adar, Edwin W. Salzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

VENOUS thrombosis of the lower extremity is not rare, but many aspects of its management remain controversial. This uncertainty is not the result of lack of interest but rather is due to a dearth of data based on well designed clinical trials. Recent advances in methods of diagnosis offer hope for an improvement in practice, for they permit a critical look at established views as well as a basis for evaluation of newly proposed concepts.In the older series of patients with deep vein thrombosis, recurrence of clinical thrombosis and occurrence of pulmonary embolism were each noted in about 30 . . .
Oral and intravenous rehydration therapy.
Authors: R K Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Rugby Unions of less value in establishing the outcome of any changes in policy.'I support the need for a register of injuries, but such a studx has to be prospective and a standard form has to be produced.Someone in each club, whether it be a doctor, team captain, or physiotherapist, will have to take responsibility for filling up these forms, checking them, noting time off work and how the injuries were sustained, etc, and seeing that they are centrally registered.It is no good leaving it to the players to fill in forms as self notification is notoriously inaccurate, and, particularly with minor injuries, players may well not report to their general practitioners.
Cases of Poisoning by Datura Stramonium
Authors: J. L. G. Breweston
Journal: BMJ (1851)

EARLY in the afternoon of the 14th of October I was summoned to see two children of the respective ages of five and three years, who were described by the messeoger -as having suddenly "gone out of their heads."They had been picked up in the street in this state, and carried into the house of the stranger.