tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What does complement do in Alzheimer’s disease? Old molecules with new insights
Authors: Yong Shen, Libang Yang, Rena Li
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2013)

Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory and immune components in brain are important in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and anti-inflammatory and immunotherapeutic approaches may be amenable to AD treatment. It is known that complement activation occurs in the brain of patients with AD, and contributes to a local inflammatory state development which is correlated with cognitive impairment. In addition to the complement's critical role in the innate immune system recognizing and killing, or targeting for destruction, complement proteins can also interact with cell surface receptors to promote a local inflammatory response and contributes to the protection and healing of the host. On the other hand, complement activation also causes inflammation and cell damage as an essential immune function to eliminate cell debris and potentially toxic protein aggregates. It is the balance of these seemingly competing events that influences the ultimate state of neuronal function. Our mini review will be focusing on the unique molecular interactions happening in the AD development, the functional outcomes of those interactions, as well as the contribution of each element to AD.
Changes in IK,ACh single-channel activity with atrial tachycardia remodelling in canine atrial cardiomyocytes
Authors: N. Voigt, A. Maguy, Y.-H. Yeh, X. Qi, U. Ravens, D. Dobrev, S. Nattel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

AimsAlthough atrial tachycardia (AT) remodelling promotes agonist-independent, constitutively active, acetylcholine-regulated K+-current (IK,ACh) that increases susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying changes in IK,Ach channel function are unknown. This study aimed to establish how AT remodelling affects IK,ACh single-channel function.
Patients’ Perceptions of Quality of Life After Treatment for Early Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jack A. Clark, Thomas S. Inui, Rebecca A. Silliman, Barbara G. Bokhour, Steven H. Krasnow, Richard A. Robinson, Monica Spaulding, James A. Talcott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Treatment for early prostate cancer produces problematic physical side effects, but prior studies have found little influence on patients’ perceived health status. We examined psychosocial outcomes of treatment for early prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with previously treated prostate cancer and a reference group of men with a normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and no history of prostate cancer completed questionnaires. Innovative scales assessed behavioral consequences of urinary dysfunction, sexuality, health worry, PSA concern, perceived cancer control, treatment decision making, decision regret, and cancer-related outlook. Urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction were assessed with symptom indexes; health status was assessed by the Physical and Mental Summaries of the Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey. Results: Compared with men without prostate cancer, prostate cancer patients reported greater urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction, but similar health status. They reported worse problems of urinary control, sexual intimacy and confidence, and masculinity, and greater PSA concern. Perceptions of cancer control and treatment decisions were positive, but varied by treatment: prostatectomy patients indicated the highest and observation patients indicated the lowest cancer control. Bowel and sexual dysfunction were associated with poorer sexual intimacy, masculinity, and perceived cancer control; masculinity and PSA concern were associated with greater confidence in treatment choice; and diminished sexual intimacy and less interest in PSA were associated with greater regret. Conclusion: The lack of change in global measures of health status after treatment for early prostate cancer obscures important influences in men’s lives; cancer diagnosis and treatment complications may result in complex outcomes. Aggressive treatment may confer confidence in cancer control, yet be countered by diminished intimate relationships and masculinity, which accompany sexual dysfunction.
Letter by Fayssoil Regarding Article, “Determinants of Surgical Outcome in Patients With Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation”
Authors: Abdallah Fayssoil
Journal: Circulation (2010)

To the Editor:I read with great interest the article by Kim et al 1 about the identification of preoperative predictors of clinical outcomes after surgery in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation.This article raised the concerns stated below.Tricuspid annular dilatation is an important factor in the development of late tricuspid regurgitation. 2 The mean tricuspid annular diameter was 44ϩ/-8 mm in this study.A long follow-up would be interesting to assess late tricuspid regurgitation in patients who benefited from tricuspid valve repair.Because surgical techniques may influence the outcome of patients, which method was used for the repair of the tricuspid valve?What was the outcome of patients with tricuspid repair versus tricuspid valve replacement?Fifty-three patients underwent tricuspid valve replacement with the use of tissue valves (nϭ30) or mechanical valves (nϭ23).Because the bioprosthetic valve is preferred over the mechanical valve, what was the outcome of patients with tricuspid bioprosthetic valve versus tricuspid mechanical valve?Because a complete heart block may be a complication of tricuspid valve replacement, 3 did the authors have data about this complication?Anemia may affect the gradient of valve prosthesis.Did the authors correlate the tricuspid mean transvalvular gradient assessment with hemoglobin?Did the parameter affect the outcome?
Relationships Between Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Inducibility and Sensitivity to Chemically Induced Subcutaneous Sarcomas in Various Strains of Mice23
Authors: Richard E. Kouri, Ronald A. Salerno, Carrie E. Whitmire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Relationships Between Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Inducibility and Sensitivity to Chemically Induced Subcutaneous Sarcomas in Various Strains of Mice Get access Richard E. Kouri, Richard E. Kouri Department of Viral-Chemical Oncology, Microbiological Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald A. Salerno, Ronald A. Salerno Department of Viral-Chemical Oncology, Microbiological Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carrie E. Whitmire Carrie E. Whitmire Department of Viral-Chemical Oncology, Microbiological Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 2, February 1973, Pages 363–368, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.2.363 Published: 01 February 1973 Article history Received: 26 July 1972 Accepted: 03 October 1972 Published: 01 February 1973
Restricted tissue distribution of Mlsa determinants. Stimulation of Mlsa-reactive T cells by B cells but not by dendritic cells or macrophages.
Authors: S R Webb, A Okamoto, Y Ron, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Evidence was sought on the tissue distribution of Mlsa determinants, a class of cell-associated non-H-2 alloantigens that is highly immunogenic for unprimed T cells. Whereas normal CD4+ T cells and an Mlsa-reactive T hybridoma gave strong responses to Mlsa-positive stimulator populations containing Ig+ B cells, anti-Mlsa responses to B-depleted stimulators were almost undetectable. The B-depleted stimulators tested included Thy-1- spleen cells from mu-suppressed mice (mice treated with anti-mu antibody from birth) and J11d- preparations of spleen dendritic cells (DC) and peritoneal macrophages (M phi) from normal mice. Each of these populations was strongly immunogenic for allo-H-2-reactive T cells. The failure to detect Mlsa determinants on Ig- APC, i.e., M phi and DC, suggests that Mlsa determinants are not typical H-2-associated peptides. The data are more compatible with a model in which Mlsa determinants represent (or form part of) an integral cell membrane molecule expressed largely, and perhaps exclusively, on B cells. T cells might recognize these molecules only in native form, "processed" Mlsa determinants being nonimmunogenic. Consistent with this possibility, no evidence was found that Mlsa-negative B cells could absorb Mlsa determinants from Mlsa-positive B cells in a chimeric environment.
Five-Year Risk for Interval-Invasive Second Breast Cancer
Authors: Janie M. Lee, Diana S. M. Buist, Nehmat Houssami, Emily C. Dowling, Elkan F. Halpern, G. Scott Gazelle, Constance D. Lehman, Louise M. Henderson, Rebecca A. Hubbard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Earlier detection of second breast cancers after primary breast cancer (PBC) treatment improves survival, yet mammography is less accurate in women with prior breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine women presenting clinically with second breast cancers after negative surveillance mammography (interval cancers), and to estimate the five-year risk of interval-invasive second cancers for women with varying risk profiles.
Pattern of Care at the End of Life: Does Age Make a Difference in What Happens to Women With Breast Cancer?
Authors: Bruno Gagnon, Nancy E. Mayo, James Hanley, Neil MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose In the last 40 years, palliative care has become the standard of care at the end of life. However, there are limited data about the degree of access to such care at the population level. Methods Using administrative databases, a care-oriented profile score was created to describe the care received during the last 6 months of life for 2,291 women who were dying of breast cancer in the province of Quebec, Canada, during the years 1992 to 1998. The care received was described through indicators of care that would reflect a palliative care philosophy. An ordinal score was developed for comparisons among age groups of women using a proportional odds ordinal regression model. Results We found that only 6.9% of women died at home, while 69.6% of them died in acute care beds. While most women (75%) had few indicators indicating provision of palliative care during the last 6 months of life, younger women (&lt; 50 years) were even less likely (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.90) to receive such care compared with middle aged women (50 to 59 years; serving as the reference group), while older women (&gt; 70 years) were more likely (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.49 to 2.29). Conclusion Our study indicates that a sizeable proportion of women terminally ill from breast cancer do not have access to palliative care—an issue that health care policy makers may wish to explore further.
Sudden Death in Noncoronary Heart Disease Is Associated With Delayed Paced Ventricular Activation
Authors: Richard C. Saumarez, Lidia Chojnowska, Richard Derksen, Mariusz Pytkowski, Maciej Sterlinski, Christopher L.-H. Huang, Nicolas Sadoul, Richard N.W. Hauer, Witold Ruzyłło, Andrew A. Grace
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Slowed or delayed myocardial activation and dispersed refractoriness predispose to reentrant excitation that may lead to ventricular fibrillation (VF). Increased ventricular electrogram duration (DeltaED) in response to extrastimuli and increased S1S2 coupling intervals at which electrogram duration starts to increase (S1S2delay) are seen both in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in those at risk of VF and in patients with idiopathic VF (IVF).DeltaED and S1S2delay have been measured using paced electrogram fractionation analysis in 266 patients with noncoronary heart disease. Of these, one group of 61 patients had a history of VF and included 21 HCM, 17 IVF, 13 long-QT syndrome (LQTS), 5 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 5 others. These were compared with 205 patients with similar diseases with no VF history (non-VF group) and a control group (n=12) without heart disease. Results from HCM VF patients (DeltaED, 19+/-3.3 ms; S1S2delay, 350+/-9.7 ms) differed sharply from observations in HCM non-VF patients (DeltaED, 7.3+/-1.35 ms; S1S2delay, 312+/-6.7 ms; P<0.001). DCM VF patients had longer delays (DeltaED, 14.3+/-5.9; S1S2delay, 344+/-11.2) than DCM non-VF patients (DeltaED, 5.8+/-1.87 ms; S1S2delay, 311+/-5.7 ms; P<0.001), with major differences also seen comparing LQTS VF (DeltaED, 12.4+/-5.3 ms; S1S2delay, 343+/-13.8 ms) and LQTS non-VF patients (DeltaED, 11.0+/-2.7 ms; S1S2delay, 320+/-5.4 ms; P<0.001). IVF patients had both severely abnormal and normal areas of myocardium.Slowed or delayed myocardial activation is a common feature in patients with noncoronary heart disease with a history of VF, and its assessment may allow the prospective prediction of VF risk in these patients.
Hepatic encephalopathy in thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure in rats: Characterization of an improved model and study of amino acid-ergic neurotransmission†
Authors: Christof Zimmermann, Peter Ferenci, Christian Pifl, Cihan Yurdaydin, Josef Ebner, Hans Lassmann, Erich Roth, Heide Hörtnagl
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

An imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid-ergic neurotransmission has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. For further evaluation of this hypothesis, several parameters of amino acid-ergic neurotransmission were studied in rats with acute liver failure induced by the administration of 300 mg per kg thioacetamide by gavage on two consecutive days. By appropriate supportive care, hypoglycemia, renal failure and hypothermia were avoided. Rats were monitored clinically and neurologically. Hepatic encephalopathy evolved in four distinct, easily recognizable stages. Light and electron microscopic examination of brains of rats with hepatic encephalopathy revealed only a slight swelling of nuclei of neurons and astrocytes without signs of neuronal degeneration or brain edema. In rats with hepatic encephalopathy, the concentrations of GABA, glutamate and taurine were decreased in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus and the striatum, whereas those of aspartate and glycine were unchanged or increased. GABAA and benzodiazepine receptors were studied as parameters for the postsynaptic GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex, glutamic acid decarboxylase as parameter for presynaptic GABA-ergic neurons and stimulation of benzodiazepine binding by GABA as a parameter for a GABA-mediated postsynaptic event. None of these parameters was different in hepatic encephalopathy as compared to controls. Similarly, Ca++/Cl(-)-dependent and -independent glutamate receptors as parameters for glutamatergic neurons were unchanged in rats with hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, in rats with thioacetamide-induced liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy, changes of the concentrations of neurotransmitter amino acids occur in the brain. Other neurochemical parameters, however, failed to identify alterations of GABA-ergic or glutamatergic neurotransmission in hepatic encephalopathy.
Pregnancy-Induced Rise in Serum C-Peptide Concentrations in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lene Ringholm Nielsen, Jens F. Rehfeld, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Peter Damm, Elisabeth R. Mathiesen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pregnancy induces increased insulin production as a marker of improved β-cell function in women with long-term type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective study of 90 consecutive pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. At 8, 14, 21, 27, and 33 weeks blood samples were drawn for measurements of A1C, C-peptide, and serum glucose. C-peptide (detection limit: 6 pmol/l) was considered stimulated at a corresponding serum glucose concentration ≥5.0 mmol/l. GAD antibody concentration was determined at 8 and 33 weeks in 35 women. RESULTS C-peptide concentrations gradually increased throughout pregnancy regardless of serum glucose concentrations in the 90 women with a median duration of diabetes of 17 years (range 1–36 years). Among 35 women with paired recordings of stimulated C-peptide, C-peptide production was detectable in 15 (43%) at 8 weeks and in 34 (97%) at 33 weeks (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and median C-peptide gradually increased from 6 to 11 pmol/l (P = 0.0004) with a median change of 50% (range −50 to 3,271%) during pregnancy. GAD antibodies were present in 77% with no change from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.85). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a positive association between the absolute increase in C-peptide concentrations during pregnancy and decreased A1C from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS A pregnancy-induced increase in C-peptide concentrations in women with long-term type 1 diabetes was demonstrated, even in women with undetectable C-peptide concentrations in early pregnancy. This increase is suggestive of improved β-cell function and was associated with improvement in glycemic control during pregnancy.
Resolution of peanut allergy
Authors: T. David, J. O'B Hourihane, S. A Roberts, J. O Warner
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Histories of allergy are known to be unreliable, and this is particularly the case for parents’ reports of a child’s reactions to foods. When double blind food challenges were used, parents’ reports could be confirmed in only 37 (28%) of 133 children with reported food intolerance; in another study only 27 (33%) of 81 reports of food intolerance in children could be confirmed.1,2
Fever of unknown origin: case presentation
Authors: R Sivakumar, S Pavulari, S Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A 19 year old university student was admitted to our hospital with history of high grade swinging temperature up to 39°C. She had had a sore throat, which lasted for a few days, accompanied by fever, rigors, and myalgia. Her general practitioner prescribed amoxicillin, and she subsequently developed a macular rash on her wrists, back, and legs associated with the fever spikes. The symptoms were persistent over three weeks, prompting referral to our department. She had travelled to Italy recently and recollected being bitten by mosquitoes. She had no history of recreational drug …
AN INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAM FOR COMMITTED SEX DEVIANTS
Authors: BERNARD A. CRUVANT, MILTON MELTZER, FRANCIS J. TARTAGLINO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

1. The group of patients reported is not statistically representative of the varieties of sexual offenders in the community. 2. It appears unlikely that very many of our group are sufficiently amenable to therapy so as to be "recovered" as required by law. In this connection, while we believe that their illnesses are psychodynamically determined, it is doubtful whether present techniques are equal to the task of cure. 3. Under the present law, the majority of the cases received have been exhibitionists. Certain characteristics of this group have been described. It is questionable whether the exhibitionist is a sexual criminal of sufficient menace to justify indefinite commitment and whether the incidence of heinous sexual crimes will be reduced by his confinement. In our experience thus far, the exhibitionist is in general a relatively poor risk for intensive therapy and he is likely to remain indefinitely since he cannot be certified as "recovered" as required by the law. 4. Considerably more research is needed into all phases of this problem, particularly with respect to the elaboration of criteria for prediction of behavior in these individuals before and after various therapies.
Drugs for pain
Authors: P Baquie
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Edited by H S Smith. Hanley and Belfus, 2002, £28.99, softcover, ISBN 1560535113

The practice of clinical medicine is challenging. This is so, even when the clinician has both a reasonable grasp of the pathophysiology underlying a patient’s presenting symptoms and an understanding and knowledge of the therapeutic tools available to manage these conditions. Pain provides a major challenge for the clinician then, as we often fall at both these hurdles. We are challenged by patients presenting with distress of long standing, where pain is often a major component, and the symptom complex does not comply with a medical science based, recognisable distribution …
Electronic Patient-Physician Communication: Problems and Promise
Authors: Kenneth D. Mandl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

A critical mass of Internet users will soon enable wide diffusion of electronic communication within medical practice.E-mail between physicians and patients offers important opportunities for better communication. Linking patients and physicians through e-mail may increase the involvement of patients in supervising and documenting their own health care, processes that may activate patients and contribute to improved health. These new linkages may have profound implications for the patient–physician relationship. Although the federal government proposes regulation of telemedicine technologies and medical software, communications technologies are evolving under less scrutiny. Unless these technologies are implemented with substantial forethought, they may disturb delicate balances in the patient–physician relationship, widen social disparities in health outcomes, and create barriers to access to health care. This paper seeks to identify the promise and pitfalls of electronic patient–physician communication before such technology becomes widely distributed. A research agenda is proposed that would provide data that are useful for careful shaping of the communications infrastructure. The paper addresses the need to 1) define appropriate use of the various modes of patient–physician communication, 2) ensure the security and confidentiality of patient information, 3) create user interfaces that guide patients in effective use of the technology, 4) proactively assess medicolegal liability, and 5) ensure access to the technology by a multicultural, multilingual population with varying degrees of literacy.
A common MYBPC3 (cardiac myosin binding protein C) variant associated with cardiomyopathies in South Asia
Authors: Perundurai S Dhandapany, Sakthivel Sadayappan, Yali Xue, Gareth T Powell, Deepa Selvi Rani, Prathiba Nallari, Taranjit Singh Rai, Madhu Khullar, Pedro Soares, Ajay Bahl, Jagan Mohan Tharkan, Pradeep Vaideeswar, Andiappan Rathinavel, Calambur Narasimhan, Dharma Rakshak Ayapati, Qasim Ayub, S Qasim Mehdi, Stephen Oppenheimer, Martin B Richards, Alkes L Price, Nick Patterson, David Reich, Lalji Singh, Chris Tyler-Smith, Kumarasamy Thangaraj
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)