tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CSM warning on atypical psychotics and stroke may be detrimental for dementia
Authors: Donald Mowat, Douglas Fowlie, Tom MacEwan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is not working in MalawiEditor-The paper by Plowe et al entitled "Sustained clinical efficacy of sulfadoxinepyrimethamine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria" might be better titled "Sustained lack of efficacy of sulfadoxinepyrimethamine. ..." 1 By the start of the study period five years ago, molecular genotyping showed that Plasmodium falciparum in Malawi had already acquired significant resistance to the combination. 1 2This explains the sustained lack of efficacy; 28 day cure rates in children with acute falciparum malaria remained steadily less than 40% over the five year study period.This is confirmed by the Malawi component of recent WHO-Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) multicentre trials; the 28 day cure rate with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in children with acute falciparum malaria was only 23%, 3 and this for a major killing disease of childhood.A 77% failure rate is among the worst responses ever documented.Only 7% (5/71) of reported trials on sulfadoxinepyrimethamine have had worse failure rates. 4efore sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was introduced widely it was very effective in Malawi, but, since then, efficacy has fallen dramatically (table).The front page of the BMJ was wrong: sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is not "still working."A drug giving a cure rate of consistently less than 40% for a potentially life threatening infection cannot be described as having "good efficacy," particularly when highly effective alternatives exist.Can you imagine endorsing an antibiotic with a more than 60% failure rate for use in European or American children with those words?Demographic surveillance system data from eastern and southern Africa show that mortality attributable to malaria in children almost doubled between 1990 and 1998, whereas by contrast non-malaria related mortality fell.The use of ineffective drugs, such as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Malawi, may well be to blame.
A Century of Nature: Twenty-One Discoveries That Changed Science and the World
Authors: O. S. Harman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A REVIEW OF URETERAL SURGERY.
Authors: R. HARVEY REED
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The revelations of modern surgery are daily demonstrating that the ureter, like the appendix vermiformis, has for ages been the cause of numberless fatalities that have been credited to idiopathic causes. Each one of them covers an exceedingly important sphere in abdominal surgery, and to the modern observer it seems strange that both of them should have escaped careful observation all these years. One, although having no known physiologic place in the human economy, plays a very decided pathologic rôle when affected with disease. The other has a distinct physiologic function to perform, which if interfered with, is liable to cause grave disturbance, if not rapid dissolution. In glancing over the mortality records of the last decade, we are not surprised at the large death roll attributed to the so-called idiopathic peritonitis, especially when we remember that death from disease of, or injury to the ureter, as well as that
White Blood Cell Count and Mortality in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Carmelinda Ruggiero, E. Jeffrey Metter, Antonio Cherubini, Marcello Maggio, Ranjan Sen, Samer S. Najjar, Gwen B. Windham, Alessandro Ble, Umberto Senin, Luigi Ferrucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
PERCUTANEOUS TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE CLOSURE SUCCESSFULLY TREATS LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE ASSOCIATED AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Amit K. Mehrotra, Kishan Parikh, David Cork, Benjamin Freed, Jonathan Paul, Allen Anderson, Valluvan Jeevanandam, Roberto Lang, Sandeep Nathan, Mark Russo, Atman P. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side-effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist?
Authors: H. Peyrière, O. Dereure, H. Breton, P. Demoly, M. Cociglio, J-P. Blayac, D. Hillaire-Buys
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

To improve the definition of the various clinical patterns of patients with drug-induced cutaneous side-effects with systemic symptoms, and their possible relationships with the triggering medication, with the ultimate goal of helping in the identification of the causal drug in difficult situations when the patient is taking several drugs.Cases of drug-induced cutaneous side-effects associated with various systemic syndromes related to anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbitone), minocycline, allopurinol, abacavir and nevirapine were collected retrospectively from the French Pharmacovigilance database (FPD) over a period of 15 years (1985-2000). The clinical patterns typical of the causative drugs were described and compared with data from the literature.Two hundred and sixteen patients with symptoms and signs consistent with cutaneous drug reactions with systemic symptoms were reported to the FPD during this period of time. Their pattern was similar to published data for these drugs, with fever, cutaneous eruption, hepatic abnormalities and eosinophilia being the most prominent but inconstant symptoms. There are clues suggesting that some particular lesional patterns may exist for some drugs.Although some trends emerge from these retrospective data, they suggest that no clear, unified outline can currently be defined for these multi-organ drug-induced reactions. Instead, a constellation of various symptoms and signs were recorded, that might be sorted in different patterns according to the causal drug, a finding that might indeed improve accurate identification of the causative drug in patients receiving several principal medications at a time. A national prospective study systematically collecting standardized data is required better to define the outlines of these severe adverse drug reactions and to evaluate prognostic data.
Are Bisphosphonates Associated With an Increased Risk of Atypical Femoral Fractures as a Class?
Authors: Michael Pazianas
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Differences in White Matter Fiber Tract Development Present From 6 to 24 Months in Infants With Autism
Authors: Jason J. Wolff, Hongbin Gu, Guido Gerig, Jed T. Elison, Martin Styner, Sylvain Gouttard, Kelly N. Botteron, Stephen R. Dager, Geraldine Dawson, Annette M. Estes, Alan C. Evans, Heather C. Hazlett, Penelope Kostopoulos, Robert C. McKinstry, Sarah J. Paterson, Robert T. Schultz, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Joseph Piven
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Children who developed autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) by age 2 had greater development of cerebral white matter fiber tracts by 6 months than unaffected children. After the initial accelerated white matter development, the children who developed ASDs had slower development, so that by age 2 their white matter development was less than that in the unaffected children.
Detection of a Small Lung Cancer Hidden in Pneumoconiosis With Progressive Massive Fibrosis Using F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT
Authors: Su Kyung Je, Myeong Im Ahn, Young Ha Park, Chi Hong Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 55-year-old man with a small lung cancer in the right upper lobe hidden by progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) in silicosis is presented. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT clearly demonstrated a small right upper lobar lung cancer, which was not definite on chest radiograph and chest CT. PMF of the lung is a type of complicated pneumoconiosis, which is frequently confused with lung cancer. Detection of lung cancer from PMF is nearly impossible using CT or MRI if the size of the lung cancer is small. F-18 FDG PET may have the advantage in differentiating a small lung cancer from underlying PMF. Furthermore, fused PET/CT images can indicate the exact location of the lesion that allows accurate diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.
Jails Lead Prisons in Smoking Bans
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

IRONICALLY, if a smoke-free society is achieved by the year 2000, the only place a man or woman may be free to smoke might be in prison. However, while most prisons are resisting efforts to provide inmates and staff with a smoke-free environment, more and more jails are deciding to prohibit smoking by both inmates and staff. At its annual meeting in May, the American Jailers Association adopted a policy calling for banning smoking in jails and offered for the first time a training program on how jailers can make their facilities smoke-free, says Dick Ford, executive director of the association, which represents some 6500 jail administrators and personnel. While he doesn't know how many jails now prohibit smoking, Ford says that they "are popping up like dandelions on a spring lawn. To say it's catching on would be an understatement." Correctional facility administrators say that antismoking policies are easier
WHO warns that avian flu could still be in the environment
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The World Health Organization has cautioned countries where poultry flocks have been decimated by H5N1 avian influenza not to declare prematurely that the outbreak is over. An estimated 80 million birds have been culled, but the virus in poultry continues to spread in several areas, particularly in China.

A leopard in a zoo in Central Thailand has died of H5N1 avian flu earlier this week, the first known case of infection in the cat family. Outbreaks of the virus have also been reported in eightThai provinces, where it was thought to have been eliminated, and there have been outbreaks reported in parts of China which were …
Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Arnold M. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

CARDIAC hyperfunction, when sustained, commonly leads to a decline in myocardial contractility. Long standing hemodynamic overloading, whether it is due to systemic or pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease or loss of functional myocardial tissue (as in ischemic heart disease), calls into play a number of mechanisms that compensate for the increased demands for mechanical energy. To overcome the hemodynamic overload, the myocardium must increase its expenditure of chemical energy. Yet the energy-generating capacity of the myocardium is limited, so that there is little reserve even when circulatory hemodynamics are normal. For this reason a rebudgeting of the energy-producing and energy-consuming . . .
Severely Impaired Baroreflex-Buffering in Patients With Monogenic Hypertension and Neurovascular Contact
Authors: Jens Jordan, Hakan R. Toka, Karsten Heusser, Okan Toka, John R. Shannon, Jens Tank, Andre Diedrich, Christine Stabroth, Mandy Stoffels, Ramin Naraghi, Wolfgang Oelkers, Herbert Schuster, Hans P. Schobel, Hermann Haller, Friedrich C. Luft
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —We identified a family with a monogenic syndrome of hypertension, brachydactyly, and neurovascular contact of the brain stem. Neurovascular contact of the ventrolateral medulla may lead to arterial hypertension by interfering with baroreflex function. Methods and Results —In 5 patients with monogenic hypertension (18 to 34 years old), we conducted detailed autonomic function tests. Blood pressure during complete ganglionic blockade was 134±4.9/82±4.1 mm Hg and 90±6/49±2.4 mm Hg in patients and in control subjects, respectively. During ganglionic blockade, plasma vasopressin concentration increased 24-fold in control subjects and &lt;2-fold in patients. In patients, cold pressor testing, hand-grip testing, and upright posture all increased blood pressure excessively. In contrast, muscle sympathetic nerve activity was not increased at rest or during cold pressor testing. The phenylephrine dose that increased systolic blood pressure 12.5 mm Hg was 8.0±2.0 μg in patients and 135±35 μg in control subjects before ganglionic blockade and 5.4±0.4 μg in patients and 13±4.8 μg in control subjects during ganglionic blockade. Conclusions —In patients with monogenic hypertension and neurovascular contact, basal blood pressure was increased even during sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve traffic interruption. However, sympathetic stimuli caused an excessive increase in blood pressure. This excessive response cannot be explained by increased sympathetic nerve traffic or increased vascular sensitivity. Instead, we suggest that baroreflex buffering and baroreflex-mediated vasopressin release are severely impaired.
Immunization on Public Trial
Authors: David T. Karzon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Epidemics that used to be excused as acts of God are now not excused as the results of the inactivity of man. In short, the incidence of many diseases has been moved from the area of chance to the area of choice. That is a vast change intellectually. Not only intellectually but also morally, for such a series of accomplishments leaves us with a new system of ethics to devise, somewhat as the perfection of the automobile has called for new traffic laws. As physicians we cannot evade a moral responsibility that goes with our newly acquired power. Having learned . . .
Grand Rounds--Hammersmith Hospital: Cerebral Whipple's disease
Authors: R A Weeks, J Scott, D J Brooks, H Hodgson, J Cohen, D. W A Lynn
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Whipple's disease is a rare disease caused by infection with the newly identified organism Tropheryma whippelii. Relapses of the disease most commonly occur in the central nervous system and are often resistant to antibiotics. We present the case of a man with recurring ophthalmoplegia, myoclonus, and hypothalamic symptoms while on treatment with cotrimoxazole for a previous relapse of Whipple's disease in the central nervous system. The patient had the clinical and electromyographic features of spinal myoclonus, a movement disorder not previously described in isolation in Whipple's disease. We then discuss the clinical features and pharmacological treatment of cerebral Whipple's disease.

A 28 year old right handed man was admitted to the neurology ward of his local hospital for further investigations. The patient was Italian and worked as a bank clerk in Pisa.

He gave an 18 month history of gradually worsening involuntary movements of both arms and the upper trunk. He also had impaired eye movements and a six month history of ejaculatory and erectile difficulties, weight gain, somnolence, and depression. He also complained of poor memory and difficulty with concentration.

His medical history was that in 1986 he had presented with nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Endoscopy was performed, and duodenal mucosal biopsies showed macrophages that yielded a positive result when stained with the periodic acid Schiff reagent. Intestinal Whipple's disease was diagnosed, and he was treated for six months with oral amoxycillin.

In 1992 he had presented with increased skin pigmentation, lethargy, weight gain, and decreased libido. He had paralysed vertical ocular movements. Staining with periodic acid Schiff reagent did not yield a positive result in duodenal biopsies but did in 15 mononuclear cells from the cerebrospinal fluid.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed multiple focal lesions in the hypothalamus, striatum, and midbrain (fig 1 …
Abstract 2658: Phase II study of chemoradiation therapy and erlotinib for stage III non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ritsuko U. Komaki, Ignacio Wistuba, Xi Ming Tang, Raymond E. Meyn, J. Jack Lee, Xiong Wei, Pamela K. Allen, Michael S. O'Reilly, James Welsh, Wuan Ki Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Preclinical evidence that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib has radiosensitizing properties in vitro led us to test its use, in combination with standard chemoradiation therapy (ChRT), in a prospective phase II study of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Endpoints were radiographic response, survival rates, and toxicity. We also tested if EGFR copy number or protein expression and mutations in EGFR exons 19-21 or KRAS codons 12-13, all measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens, predicted response to this therapy. Patients were to receive ChRT (RT=63 Gy in 35 fractions in 7 wks; Ch=weekly paclitaxel 45 mg/m2+carboplatin AUC 2) with erlotinib 150 mg po daily (except on Ch days) followed by two cycles of consolidation Ch. Of the 48 patients enrolled (30 male, 18 female; median age 64 yr; all with good performance status), 38 were evaluable for response. At a median follow-up of 11 months, the response rate was 79% (29% complete and 50% partial); 10% had stable disease and 11% progressive disease. The overall survival rate at 1 yr was 85%; 42% were alive without evidence of disease, 34% alive with disease, and 24% dead. Severe acute toxicity (grade 3 in the NCI Common Terminology Criteria v3) was manageable and included pneumonia (n=7), skin reactions (n=4), pneumonitis (n=3), and dehydration (n=3); several hematologic toxicity included leukopenia (n=13), neutropenia (n=7), and thrombocytopenia (n=1). No patients died of treatment-related causes. Of the 34 patients with biopsy specimens, only 3 showed EGFR mutation and 1 a KRAS mutation, and none correlated with response. However, complete response was more likely among current or former smokers (n=10) than never-smokers (n=0, P=0.023). We conclude that the 1-yr overall survival rate was promising but the complete response rate was disappointing. Erlotinib may have had a radiosensitizing effect in vivo, but additional patients and longer follow-up are needed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2658. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2658
989-57 Increased Plasma Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) Levels in Coronary Circulation in Patients with Unstable Angina
Authors: Hisao Ogawa, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Yuji Miyao, Koici Kaikita, Hisakazu Suefuji, Hirofumi Yasue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Association between dental health and acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: K. J. Mattila, M. S. Nieminen, V. V. Valtonen, V. P. Rasi, Y. A. Kesaniemi, S. L. Syrjala, P. S. Jungell, M. Isoluoma, K. Hietaniemi, M. J. Jokinen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Known risk factors for coronary heart disease do not explain all of the clinical and epidemiological features of the disease. To examine the role of chronic bacterial infections as risk factors for the disease the association between poor dental health and acute myocardial infarction was investigated in two separate case-control studies of a total of 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 102 controls selected from the community at random. Dental health was graded by using two indexes, one of which was assessed blind. Based on these indexes dental health was significantly worse in patients with acute myocardial infarction than in controls. The association remained valid after adjustment for age, social class, smoking, serum lipid concentrations, and the presence of diabetes. Further prospective studies are required in different populations to confirm the association and to elucidate its nature.
Intracellular NAD+ depletion enhances bortezomib-induced anti-myeloma activity
Authors: Antonia Cagnetta, Michele Cea, Teresa Calimeri, Chirag Acharya, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Yu-Tzu Tai, Teru Hideshima, Dharminder Chauhan, Mike Y. Zhong, Franco Patrone, Alessio Nencioni, Marco Gobbi, Paul Richardson, Nikhil Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2013)
Doxorubicin in disseminated osteosarcoma
Authors: E. P. Cores
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Doxorubicin (adriamycin) is a new cytotoxic antibiotic with antitumor activity in a variety of neoplasms in man. Thirteen patients with pulmonary metastases from osteogenic sarcoma were given adriamycin at a dose ranging from 17.5 to 35 mg/sq m of body surface area daily for three or four days, repeated at monthly intervals. Of these, one patient had complete remission; three, partial remissions; and one improvement by 25% tumor regression was also obtained. Toxic manifestations of adriamycin administration were pancytopenia, capital alopecia and hair loss from other parts of the body, stomatitis, and nausea and vomiting. Adriamycin appears to be effective therapy for disseminated osteogenic sarcoma, and the toxic reactions from its administration do not preclude the practical application of the drug in the treatment of this usually fatal neoplasm.