tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
540 Extensive homology between the major immunodominant mitochondrial antigen of primary biliary cirrhosis and helicobacter pylori does not lead to immunological crossreactivity
Authors: D.P. Bogdanos, I. Bianchi, H. Baum, F. Gunsar, D. Arioli, Y. Ma, A.K. Burroughs, D. Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Handbook of Animal Models for the Rheumatoid Diseases
Authors: C. Elson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

This is a practical manual and deserves the place it has achieved in American medicine.From a conventional rheumatological point of view the chapters on rheumatic and connective tissue diseases offer a straightforward approach to the most important factors in treatment.There is a good and succinct account of the advantages and snags of rest, aspirin treatment, the use of splints, metatarsal bars, and all the currently used drug regimens.Reiter's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, and the cutaneous complications of connective tissue diseases are well dis-
Genome-wide association study identifies 1p36.22 as a new susceptibility locus for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers
Authors: Hongxing Zhang, Yun Zhai, Zhibin Hu, Chen Wu, Ji Qian, Weihua Jia, Fuchao Ma, Wenfeng Huang, Lixia Yu, Wei Yue, Zhifu Wang, Peiyao Li, Yang Zhang, Renxiang Liang, Zhongliang Wei, Ying Cui, Weimin Xie, Mi Cai, Xinsen Yu, Yunfei Yuan, Xia Xia, Xiumei Zhang, Hao Yang, Wei Qiu, Jingmin Yang, Feng Gong, Minshan Chen, Hongbing Shen, Dongxin Lin, Yi-Xin Zeng, Fuchu He, Gangqiao Zhou
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Abstract 3905: Structure–function relationships between RUNX1-MTG fusion proteins and core components of the Notch transcription complex
Authors: Jolene Mariotti, HN Nguyen, Michael Engel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The myeloid translocation genes (MTG) are preferred targets of chromosomal translocations with the Runx1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis. The resulting fusion proteins, RUNX1-MTG8 and RUNX1-MTG16, influence gene expression programs that control self-renewal and differentiation in hematopoiesis. How they engage the machinery of self-renewal to alter hematopoietic development is poorly understood. To gain additional insights into this question, we investigated structure–function relationships between RUNX1-MTG fusion proteins and core components of the Notch transcription complex, a critical determinant of cell fate specification in diverse tissues. The Notch transcription complex is composed minimally of the transcriptional repressor CSL, the intracellular domain of Notch receptors (N-ICD) and the transcriptional co-activator Mastermind (MAML). We show that RUNX1-MTG fusion proteins transactivate a Notch-responsive element from the Hes1 promoter. Using MTG16 as a model protein, we show that N-ICDs interact with a discrete domain in the MTG N-terminus. We translated these findings to the fusion proteins and found N-ICD binding was retained by RUNX1-MTGs and a RUNX1-MTG16 mutant that lacks the N1-ICD binding site. In parallel experiments, we defined the binding region for MTG proteins and their fusion protein derivatives on the N1-ICD. Informed by these structural relationships, we utilized RUNX1-MTG proteins or mutants that lack N1-ICD binding sites in transcriptional reporter assays. Our findings suggest that RUNX1-MTG fusion proteins alter transcription of the Notch target gene, Hes1 and intimate a structure–function relationship between RUNX1-MTG fusion proteins and Notch signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3905.
Barcelona baby boom: does sporting success affect birth rate?
Authors: J. Montesinos, J. Cortes, A. Arnau, J. A. Sanchez, M. Elmore, N. Macia, J. A. Gonzalez, R. Santisteve, E. Cobo, J. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Nine months after a celebrated goal by FC Barcelona in 2009, the media reported a spike in the Catalan birth rate. <b>Jesus Montesinos </b>and colleagues test whether the “Iniesta effect” really existed
Myocardial protection during transient coronary artery occlusion in man: beneficial effects of regional beta-adrenergic blockade.
Authors: A Zalewski, S Goldberg, J P Dervan, S Slysh, P R Maroko
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The goal of this study was to verify whether myocardial protection could be achieved via the intracoronary administration of propranolol in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Accordingly, 21 patients undergoing PTCA were randomly assigned to receive either intracoronary placebo (group A, n = 10) or intracoronary propranolol (group B, n = 11). Three balloon inflations (i.e., coronary artery occlusions) were performed in each patient. Inflations I and II (maximum duration 60 sec) served as control occlusions. Inflation III (maximum duration 120 sec) was performed either after intracoronary administration of saline (2 ml) or propranolol (1.1 +/- 0.2 mg). The following electrocardiographic index of myocardial ischemic injury were measured: (1) time to development of ST segment elevation equal to 0.1 mV and (2) magnitude of ST segment elevation after 60 sec of coronary artery occlusion. Both indexes did not differ significantly between the groups during inflations I and II. In group A the time to development of ST segment elevation of 0.1 mV remained unchanged between the second and third occlusions (25 +/- 5 and 26 +/- 4 sec during inflations II and III, respectively). In group B subselective injection of propranolol into the affected coronary artery significantly prolonged the time to ST segment elevation of 0.1 mV from 19 +/- 4 sec (inflation II) to 53 +/- 9 sec (inflation III; p less than .001). Administration of placebo did not change the magnitude of ST segment elevation 60 sec after coronary artery occlusion between the second and third occlusion in group A (0.16 +/- 0.02 and 0.18 +/- 0.03 mV, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Benefits and Risks of Screening Mammography in Women With BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations-Reply
Authors: Estelle Gilson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Ms Gilson and Drs Vaidya and Baum that there is a potential risk from mammography for women carrying<i>BRCA1</i>and<i>BRCA2</i>mutations, but we believe there is a greater likelihood of benefit. Vaidya and Baum note recent publications indicating a DNA repair function for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 protein<sup>1-3</sup>and suggest that these observations raise questions about the use of screening mammography for individuals carrying mutations in these genes. While a defect in a DNA repair mechanism may increase the risk of radiation exposure, we believe it would be premature to conclude that individuals carrying<i>BRCA1</i>or<i>BRCA2</i>mutations will be "exquisitely sensitive to even small amounts of ionizing radiation." This research finding is preliminary and of uncertain clinical significance. It may mean that cancers associated with<i>BRCA1</i>and<i>BRCA2</i>mutations are more sensitive to radiation. Further, while mammography may pose risk, it also remains the
Screening for colorectal cancer saves money by avoiding the need for costly new chemotherapy drugs
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Most colorectal cancer screening strategies would save healthcare systems money by picking up cases at an earlier stage and preventing the need for costly chemotherapeutic drugs, which have recently become available, a study has found.

The United States used a microsimulation model to assess whether the increasing use of new, costly drugs would affect the treatment savings that could be achieved by colorectal cancer screening ( J Natl Cancer Inst 2009 doi:10.1093/jnci/djp319). The MISCAN-Colon model—the colorectal version of a model previously used to evaluate screening programmes for breast, cervical, and prostate cancer—simulates …
Comminuted Fracture of Femoral Neck
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. W. A. Mnaymneh: A 38-year-old woman fell from a chair lift at a skiing resort one week prior to admission to this hospital. She dropped a distance of about ten feet, noted acute pain in her left hip, and was unable to walk. She was admitted to the local hospital and treated with Russell traction until her transfer here. Her medical history was not abnormal. When she arrived, her left lower extremity was held in external rotation in a Thomas splint. She experienced pain on any motion of her left hip. The peripheral pulses in the leg were intact. The rest of the physical examination gave essentially normal findings. The laboratory studies included a hemoglobin level of 12.8 gm/100 cc, a white blood cell count of 5,000/cc, and a normal urinalysis. X-ray films (Fig 1) of the left hip showed a comminuted fracture of the femoral neck with a
Medicine and Medical Education in Nigeria
Authors: Lawrence D. Longo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Ex Africa semper aliquid novi — There is always something new from Africa. (Proverbial from Pliny.) DURING the past decade increased attention has been focused on Africa and the nations that have recently become independent. This interest has mainly involved the implications of their economic potential and political activities. For several reasons an understanding of the medical problems and needs of these countries is perhaps of more immediate concern to the Western physician. The financial commitment of the United States to these nations is increasing at a rapid rate. One must realize that the future medical development of these areas . . .
Perforated Peptic Ulcer Treated Conservatively
Authors: E. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1951)

We therefore conclude that "formalin-arthritis" in rats is unsuitable for use as a screening test for sub- stances proposed for the treatment of the rheumatic diseases.SummaryExperiments on the production of " formalin-arthritis" in rats have been described.D.C.A., and D.C.A. with ascorbic acid, A.C.T.H., and cortisone were tested for effect in this condition.None of these substances used in the doses given, or the experimental conditions employed, prevented the development of the inflammatory response or swelling in the foot, although swelling was exacerbated by D.C.A. whether given alone or with ascorbic acid.The effects on the ankle response are discussed.We are indebted to Professor A. R.
Effects of Acute Digitalization on the Pulmonary Blood Volume in Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: GERALD W. MURPHY, BERNARD F. SCHREINER, PAUL N. YU
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Basic hemodynamic data and the pulmonary blood volume (PBV) were determined in 23 patients before and after intravenous administration of acetyl strophanthidin during right and left heart catheterization. These patients were divided into two groups depending upon whether or not digitalization produced a significant fall in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LV D ). Group I consisted of 11 patients who manifested a significant decrease in LV D , while in group II no change was noted after digitalization. In both groups, a significant rise in LV stroke volume, stroke work, and maximal rate of rise of LV systolic pressure (dp/dt) was recorded. In group I, a significant decrease in the pulmonary vascular distending pressure (P d ) was accompanied by a decrease in PBV. In contrast, no change in P d or PBV was noted in the patients in group II. Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were inconsistent. It is concluded that: (1) in patients of group I the concordant decrease in P d and PBV represented a passive effect on the pulmonary vascular bed mediated by improved LV performance and decrease in LV D ; (2) in patients of group II, despite evidence of significant positive inotropic effects on the left ventricle, the failure of LV D to fall prevented a decrease in P d and PBV; (3) no evidence of active vasomotor effects of acetyl strophanthidin in the lung could be demonstrated. Changes in PVR were capricious and not apparently useful in assessment of the presence or absence of pulmonary vasomotor effects induced by digitalis. The results of this study differ from the findings of other investigators in cardiac patients and experimental animals. Some of the differences may be attributed to different experimental methods and to species variation in vascular reactivity. Also, the findings in this report contrast with those previously reported for isoproterenol and aminophylline, agents that produce both positive inotropic effects on the heart and active vasomotion in the pulmonary circulation.
Analysis of the human thymic perivascular space during aging
Authors: Kristina G. Flores, Jie Li, Gregory D. Sempowski, Barton F. Haynes, Laura P. Hale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The perivascular space (PVS) of human thymus increases in volume during aging as thymopoiesis declines. Understanding the composition of the PVS is therefore vital to understanding mechanisms of thymic atrophy. We have analyzed 87 normal and 31 myasthenia gravis (MG) thymus tissues from patients ranging in age from newborn to 78 years, using immunohistologic and molecular assays. We confirmed that although thymic epithelial space (TES) volume decreases progressively with age, thymopoiesis with active T-cell receptor gene rearrangement continued normally within the TES into late life. Hematopoietic cells present in the adult PVS include T cells, B cells, and monocytes. Eosinophils are prominent in PVS of infants 2 years of age or younger. In the normal adult and the MG thymus, the PVS includes mature single-positive (CD1a– and CD4+ or CD8+) T lymphocytes that express CD45RO, and contains clusters of T cells expressing the TIA-1 cytotoxic granule antigen, suggesting a peripheral origin. PBMCs bind in vitro to MECA-79+ high endothelial venules present in the PVS, suggesting a mechanism for the recruitment of peripheral cells to thymic PVS. Therefore, in both normal subjects and MG patients, thymic PVS may be a compartment of the peripheral immune system that is not directly involved in thymopoiesis.
Weight, Smoking, and Mortality
Authors: Jan P. Vandenbroucke
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A controversy has existed concerning the relationship between body habitus and mortality. Original studies found that overweight persons were at risk for increased mortality, but later studies suggested that the very lean were also at high risk. The existence of a U-shaped relationship between mortality and body mass index was confirmed in a reanalysis of a 25-year follow-up of 1,503 men and 1,464 women, initially aged 40 to 65 years. Cigarette smoking did not explain the higher mortality among persons in the lowest body mass index category. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2859-2860)
Ultrastructure of plasma cells in a patient with J chain disease
Authors: Morio Sawamura, Hitoshi Kurabayashi, Hirokazu Murakami, Tohru Sakura, Jun'Ichi Tamura, Kazuo Kubota, Takuji Naruse, Jun Tsuchiya
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Ultrastructural analysis of plasma cells was performed in a 74‐year‐old female patient with J chain disease. By electron microscopy, various characteristic findings were observed: lobulated nuclei, multinuclei, single sac loop‐like structures, flocculent filament‐like substances, nuclear inclusion bodies, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and multilamellar bodies. Our prior studies pointed out a poor prognosis in myeloma patients with these findings.
Abstract LB-158: MEDI4736: Delivering effective blockade of immunosupression to enhance tumour rejection: Monoclonal antibody discovery and preclinical development
Authors: Ross A. Stewart, Michelle Morrow, Matthieu Chodorge, Danielle Marcus, Melanie Boyle, Kathy Mulgrew, Scott Hammond, Suping Wang, Marat Alimzhanov, Paul Robbins, Karen Lanning, Vahe Bedian, Matthew McCourt, Mathew Lo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancerous cells emerge within the body following accumulation of deleterious genetic mutations. These mutations alter the phenotype of a cancer cell marking it as distinct from the surrounding host; an immunological state termed “altered self”. These cells, like other non-self entities such as viruses and bacteria, are recognised by the immune system and marked for destruction, a process known as “immune surveillance”. B7-H1 expression by tumour cells is believed to aid tumours in evading detection and elimination by the immune system. B7-H1 functions in this respect via several alternative mechanisms including driving exhaustion and anergy of tumour infiltrating T lymphocytes, stimulating secretion of immune repressive cytokines into the tumour micro-environment, stimulating repressive regulatory T cell function and protecting B7-H1 expressing tumour cells from lysis by tumour cell specific cytotoxic T cells. Using hybridoma technology and high throughput screening MedImmune has identified a series of fully human antibodies specific for human B7-H1. Further characterisation of these antibodies led to the identification of a single high affinity antibody, MEDI 4736, with the ability to relieve B7-H1 mediated suppression of T cell activation in vitro and to enhance sub-optimal T cell activation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. In vitro testing shows that MEDI 4736 does not trigger non-specific cytokine release in whole blood, and is only able to activate T cells in the context of an active T cell receptor signal. A surrogate anti-mouse B7-H1 antibody shows significant anti-tumour activity in a syngeneic model when dosed in combination with chemotherapy. Similarly MEDI 4736 is able to inhibit tumour growth in a novel in vivo xenograft model, via a mechanism that is dependent on the presence of tumour specific human T cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-158. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-158
Phase 2 study of BACOPP (bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) in older patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG)
Authors: Teresa V. Halbsguth, Lucia Nogová, Horst Mueller, Michal Sieniawski, Dennis A. Eichenauer, Thomas Schober, Hiltrud Nisters-Backes, Peter Borchmann, Volker Diehl, Andreas Engert, Andreas Josting
Journal: Blood (2010)
Improving the Quality of Hemodialysis Treatment
Authors: Ashwini R. Sehgal, Janeen B. Leon, Laura A. Siminoff, Mendel E. Singer, Lisa M. Bunosky, Randall D. Cebul
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextMortality rates among US hemodialysis patients are the highest in the industrialized world at 23% per year. Measures of dialysis dose (Kt/V) correspond strongly with survival and are inadequate in one sixth of patients. Inadequate dialysis is also associated with increased hospitalizations and high inpatient costs. Our previous work identified 3 barriers to adequate hemodialysis: dialysis underprescription, catheter use, and shortened treatment time.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of a tailored intervention on adequacy of hemodialysis.Design and SettingCommunity-based randomized controlled trial with recruitment from April 1999 to June 2000 at 29 hemodialysis facilities in northeast Ohio.ParticipantsForty-four nephrologists and their 169 randomly selected adult patients receiving inadequate hemodialysis.InterventionNephrologists were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 21) or control (n = 23) group. For patients in the intervention group (n = 85), depending on the barrier(s) present, a study coordinator gave nephrologists recommendations about optimizing dialysis prescriptions, expedited conversion of catheters to surgically created grafts or fistulas, and educated patients about the importance of compliance with treatment time. Patients in the control group (n = 84) continued to receive usual care.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in Kt/V and specific barriers after 6 months.ResultsAt baseline, intervention and control patients had similar Kt/V measurements, specific barriers, and demographic and medical characteristics. After 6 months, intervention patients had 2-fold larger increases in Kt/V compared with control patients (+0.20 vs +0.10; P<.001) and were more likely to achieve their facility Kt/V goal (62% vs 42%; P = .01). Intervention patients also had nearly 3-fold larger increases in dialysis prescription (+0.16 vs +0.06; P<.001) and were 4 times more likely to change from use of catheters to use of fistulas/grafts (28% vs 7%; P = .04).ConclusionsAn intervention tailored to patient-specific barriers resulted in increased hemodialysis dose. Extending this approach to the 33 000 persons in the United States receiving inadequate hemodialysis may substantially enhance patient survival, diminish hospitalizations, and decrease inpatient expenditures.
Electrical Anesthesia for Major Surgery
Authors: James D. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE POSSIBLE USE of an electrical current to produce surgical anesthesia has interested physicians for many years. In 1956 we began experimenting with animals, and it was eventually found that a current of 700 cycles and 35 milliamperes, employing about 25 volts, would induce acceptable general anesthesia. Thereafter operations of various types were performed on more than 60 dogs, and changes in blood gas values, blood pH, plasma catechol amine and corticoid levels, blood glucose content, and blood pressure and pulse rate were followed.<sup>1-3</sup>The results were similar to those published by Knutson, Tichy, and Reitman,<sup>4</sup>and in general the data appeared to establish the fact that no serious or permanent effects were produced by electrical anesthesia lasting up to 6 and even 8 hours. Induction and recovery were both extremely rapid. The principal precautionary measure required was that of preliminary intubation of the animal, with topical
New drugs and novel mechanisms of action in multiple myeloma in 2013: a report from the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)
Authors: E M Ocio, P G Richardson, S V Rajkumar, A Palumbo, M V Mateos, R Orlowski, S Kumar, S Usmani, D Roodman, R Niesvizky, H Einsele, K C Anderson, M A Dimopoulos, H Avet-Loiseau, U-H Mellqvist, I Turesson, G Merlini, R Schots, P McCarthy, L Bergsagel, C S Chim, J J Lahuerta, J Shah, A Reiman, J Mikhael, S Zweegman, S Lonial, R Comenzo, W J Chng, P Moreau, P Sonneveld, H Ludwig, B G M Durie, J F S Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Palpation of Dorsalis Pedis Pulse
Authors: John W. Ison
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Because of the surgical anatomy of the dorsalis pedis artery, there is a maneuver by which this pulse can be evaluated with great success, namely dorsiflexion of the foot, during palpation of the artery (Fig 1). It is suggested that this be the routine position for palpation of this pulse, since about 30% to 40% of normally palpable dorsalis pedis pulsations can be completely obliterated by active or passive plantar flexion of the foot or great toe (Fig 2). Clinically, the pulsation of a peripheral blood vessel is an indication of the blood flow through that vessel. Arterial patency is evaluated by palpation of the vessel. The most consistent physical finding of occlusive disease of the femoral artery and its branches are (1) absent, (2) diminished, or (3) unequal pulsations in the vessels being examined. In evaluation of the vascular tree of the lower extremity, careful palpation