tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tropical Bacterial Pyoderma in Vietnam
Authors: Michael R. McMillan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Fifty marines and navy hospital corpsmen with tropical pyoderma, a variant form of pyoderma, were treated in the hospital for a period of one week.<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and β-hemolytic Streptococcus group A, alone or in combination, were the predominant pathogens present in almost every case. Gram-negative bacilli and fungi not further identified were minor contaminants. Effective treatment in all cases consisted of saline dressings, elevation of affected extremities, and phenoxymethyl penicillin potassium, 500 mg four times a day. One third of the patients with staphylococcal infection were infected with penicillin-resistant organisms in vitro. These patients responded well when treatment was changed to oxacillin sodium in the same dose. Healing was complete in a majority of patients at the end of one week and in all by the end of two weeks. There were no significant complications from the regimen.
Role and prognostic significance of the Ki‐67 index in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Adi Broyde, Olga Boycov, Yulia Strenov, Elimelech Okon, Ofer Shpilberg, Osnat Bairey
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Expression of Ki-67, a nuclear antigen protein present in all cycling cells, is used to determine the growth fraction of tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role and prognostic significance of the Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ki-67 was assayed immunohistochemically in tissue samples of 319 patients with newly-diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In 268 patients, the Ki-67 PI was correlated with clinical course and outcome. The mean Ki-67 PI ranged from 26.6% in indolent lymphomas to 97.6% in very aggressive lymphomas (P < 0.001). The index was <45% in 82.8% of indolent lymphomas and >45% in 85% of aggressive lymphomas (AUC = 0.877, P < 0.001). In patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 141), a Ki-67 PI of 70% was found to significantly discriminate patients with good or bad prognosis (AUC = 0.65, P = 0.004). Three-year survival was 75% +/- 5.6% in patients with a low Ki-67 index compared with 55.9% +/- 6% in patients with a high index (P = 0.015). In patients with a low IPI (<or=2), 3-year survival was 94% +/- 4% in those with a Ki-67 index <or=70% and 64% +/- 8.1% in those with a higher index (P = 0.002); in patients with bulky disease (>10 cm), the corresponding 3-year survival by Ki-67 index was 100% and 25% +/- 12% (P = 0.012). Our results suggest that the mean Ki-67 PI differs by type of lymphoma. A cut-off value of 45% can help differentiate indolent from aggressive disease. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a cut-off value of 70% can distinguish patients with a good and bad prognosis when combined with other prognostic factors of low IPI score and bulky disease.
Risk of cancers of the oesophagus and stomach by histology or subsite in patients hospitalised for pernicious anaemia
Authors: W Ye
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Although pernicious anaemia is an established risk factor for stomach cancer, data by anatomical subsite are not available. Moreover, a previous suggestion of a link to increased risk of oesophageal cancer needs further exploration. <b>Methods:</b> We followed 21 265 patients hospitalised for pernicious anaemia in Sweden from 1965 to 1999 for an average of 7.1 years. Standardised incidence ratio (SIR) adjusted for sex, age, and calendar year was used to estimate relative risk, using the Swedish nationwide cancer incidence rates as reference. <b>Results:</b> Significant excess risks for squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, and stomach cancer distal to the cardia, were observed in pernicious anaemia patients (SIR 3.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4–4.4); SIR 2.4 (95% CI 2.1–2.7), respectively). The excess risks increased with increasing follow up duration. Among distal stomach cancers, the most conspicuous excess risk was for carcinoid tumours (SIR 26.4 (95% CI 14.8–43.5)). Compared with the general population, no significant increased risk was observed for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus (SIR 1.7 (95% CI 0.7–3.4)) or gastric cardia (SIR 1.2 (95%CI 0.6–2.0)). <b>Conclusions:</b> Achlorhydria following type A atrophic gastritis is associated with an elevated risk of adenocarcinoma of the non-cardia stomach, and surprisingly, with a risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, no significant association, either positive or negative, was found with oesophageal or cardia adeoncarcinoma. The mechanism for the observed increased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma warrants further study.
Antibody state to poliovirus in first year university students, 1984.
Authors: C A Joseph, N T Begg, R E Stanwell-Smith, D I Magrath
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Circulating antibodies to poliovirus were estimated in a group of 300 British and 84 foreign first year students who registered at the health centre of Nottingham University in 1984. Detectable antibodies to all three poliovirus serotypes were found in 212 (71%) of the British students but in only 47 (56%) of those from abroad. Most of the British students (280; 93%) had been born in 1965 or 1966, when uptake of poliomyelitis vaccine was declining. Immunisation histories showed that 10 British and 29 foreign students (3% and 35%) had no record of any immunisation; only five British and two foreign students, however, were negative for all three poliovirus serotypes. These findings provide evidence that a high proportion of British born people aged 18-29 have adequate circulating poliovirus antibodies despite incomplete immunisation schedules. Though this is reassuring, the absence of antibodies in some students and the lack of previous immunisation against poliomyelitis in 39 suggest that reinforcing doses of vaccine at the time of leaving school or beginning further education are still warranted, particularly for students from other countries. The findings also emphasise the need for accurate immunisation records.
Nitric oxide and biopterin: a study in Chiaroscuro.
Authors: C Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In a painting, chiaroscuro-marked contrasts in light and shade-can heighten the drama and deepen the mystery.Chiaroscuro seems to characterize biopterin's role in the bio- synthesis of nitric oxide (NO).A paper in this issue of The Journal (1) adds new splashes of light and shade.Until 1989, biopterin, illumined by neurochemists, none- theless remained enshrouded by a paradox.Its main known role (in its tetrahydro form) was as a cofactor in the oxidation of aromatic amino acids for biosynthesis of neurotransmitters.Yet the enzymes that conspire to make biopterin, including GTP cyclohydrolase I, the first committed step in the pteridine path, were known to be more widely distributed than biopterin-assisted hydroxylases for phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.It seemed there must be more widespread enzymes to whose action biopterin contributes.Light appeared in a surprising quarter and unfamiliar color.Nitric oxide synthases (NOS's) proved to be biopterin depen- dent (2, 3).However, NOS's carry out a five-electron oxidation of a guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine, a reaction that differs drastically from the other known functions of biopterin.To this day, we remain in the dark with respect to biopterin's mech- anistic role in this reaction (4).Nonetheless, the distribution of NOS's (see below) surely helps explain why so many cells invest GTP in the production of pteridines.Three NOS's are now distinguished by cloning oftheir com- plementary and genomic DNAs in several species, including
Use of cardiac pacemakers in Britain
Authors: H Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1977)

have been adequately tested in prostatic cancer.3 4 Such little experience with chemotherapy in prostatic cancer is regrettable since it is the only method potentially capable of killing tumour cells disseminated in most areas of the body.At present, since we are able by staging techniques to detect only cell numbers of greater than 1000 million, the need for a trial comparing local or regional therapy versus local therapy plus systemic therapy with drugs shown to be occasionally effective in prostatic cancer, such as cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, 5-fluorouracil, and possibly adriamy- cin,5 6 is overwhelming.Since it is now known that adjuvant chemotherapy protocols can be given perfectly safely' 9 there is a priority for a logical trial integrating chemotherapy with local treatment to see if the survival time in these cancers can be increased.
Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Cirrhosis-Reply
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The limitations we identified in our recent report were the same as those restated, in less charitable terms, by Drs Olbrisch and Levenson. It is not clear if they are sympathetic with, opposed to, or ambivalent about the treatment with liver transplantation of selected patients dying of Laennec's cirrhosis.
Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: David S. Meyers
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his article "The Diagnosis of Breast Cancer by Fine-Needle Aspiration Smears," William H. Kern, MD (241:1125, 1979), makes several misleading statements. He says that as a rule, aspiration of nonneoplastic breast tissue shows only scantily cellular material and therefore cannot be considered insufficient. I disagree with that statement. In my experience, if a mass is present, an adequate specimen will be of sufficient cellularity for diagnosis. If a specimen is scantily cellular, it is usually insufficient. Unfortunately, Dr Kern does not tell us what technique was used in aspirating the breast lesions. Was an aspirating device used? How many aspirates were obtained? I have found that when an experienced physician takes several aspirates (three to six) with the use of an aspirating device like a syringe holder, the cellular yield is much greater than without such a device or with only one aspiration. Finally, if the
Self-monitored, home-based pulmonary rehab was noninferior to outpatient, hospital-based rehab for COPD
Authors: Michael Greenstone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Maltais F, Bourbeau J, Shapiro S, et al. Effects of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:869-78. 19075206
The Bioavailability of Folic Acid Added to Wine
Authors: Jonathan D. Kaunitz, John Lindenbaum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Folate deficiency is a frequent cause of anemia in alcoholics, but little attention has been paid to its prevention. Folic acid was readily soluble in wines of high ethanol content at concentrations of 10 µg/ml. Lactobacillus casei folate activity of folic acid added to wines was well maintained during a month's storage at room temperature and fell to 61% to 66% of original activity after 3 months. Pteroylglutamic acid, 10 µg/ml, added to wines and given in doses of the beverages (4 ml/kg body weight) that caused inebriation, was well absorbed by six normal human volunteers (mean maximal increment in serum folate concentration ± SEM, 71 ± 8 ng/ml) and by seven recently intoxicated chronic alcoholics (mean increment, 94 ± 4 ng/ml). Folate deficiency in alcoholics could be prevented by the fortification of alcoholic beverages with the vitamin.
1072-211 Independent predictive accuracy of classical electrocardiographic criteria in the diagnosis of paroxysmal junctional tachycardias in patients without preexcitation
Authors: eban González-Torrecilla, Angel Arenal, Felipe Atienza, Javier Jimenez-Candil, cedes Ortiz, Alberto Puchol, Jesus Almendral
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Pseudoleukemia During Recovery from Dapsone-Induced Agranulocytosis
Authors: PETER H. LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The case presented here illustrates how convincingly the recovery from agranulocytosis may mimic acute leukemia in both the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. The development of a leukemia-like syndrome in any patient who has been exposed to a drug known to cause agranulocytosis should raise the question of "pseudoleukemia." Repeated bone marrow aspirations and daily observation of changes in peripheral blood parameters will help prevent needless exposure to myelosuppressive agents. The experience with this case makes mandatory an awareness of agranulocytosis as a side effect of dapsone.
Essential thrombocythemia in pregnancy: Platelet count and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Eudora Y. Chow, Lawrence P. Haley, Linda M. Vickars
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract We report our experience of 4 successful pregnancies (including a pair of twins) in 3 women who have essential thrombocythemia (ET). All of the patients had a significant fall in platelet count (&gt;20% of non‐pregnant state) during the course of the pregnancy. A review of the literature and our own experience suggests that the degree of platelet count reduction may be correlated with pregnancy outcome. Close monitoring of the platelet count is useful in the management of these cases. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Letter by Gómez et al Regarding Article, “Colchicine Reduces Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: Results of the Colchicine for the Prevention of the Postpericardiotomy Syndrome (COPPS) Atrial Fibrillation Substudy”
Authors: Mabel Fernanda Gómez Mejia, Andrés Felipe Buitrago Sandoval, Jesús Hernando Díaz Acevedo
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Lipopolysaccharide from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli binds to platelets through TLR4 and CD62 and is detected on circulating platelets in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Anne-lie Ståhl, Majlis Svensson, Matthias Mörgelin, Catharina Svanborg, Phillip I. Tarr, Jody C. Mooney, Sandra L. Watkins, Roger Johnson, Diana Karpman
Journal: Blood (2006)
Recommendations for the Future of the Continuum of Medical Education
Authors: William G. Anlyan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The continuum of medical education spans the period from high school to retirement. Today, the continuum is a series of compartments with one-way valves. The high-school valedictorian from a small community may never have reasonable access to the very first compartment — a college noted for the production of a high percentage of successful applicants to medical school.The second compartment ("medical school") is guarded by admissions committees that provide access to half the nation's applicants. Entry into the third compartment (residency training) is controlled in large measure by individual hospital chiefs of service, who may or may not be . . .
Tricuspid valve replacement in carcinoid syndrome due to ovarian primary.
Authors: M J Sworn, G P Edlin, D A McGill, J S Mousley, J L Monro
Journal: BMJ (1980)

along the tubular basement membranes.Skin biopsy showed a subacute inflammatory cell infiltrate of lymphocytes and neutrophils.Her rash cleared and renal function slowly improved on prednisolone 60 mg daily.Peritoneal dialysis was discontinued 14 days after her admission.The eosinphil count fell to 130 x 106/1 (130/mm3).The prednisolone dose was rapidly reduced and stopped after 16 days.Plasma creatinine concentration at that time was 369 ,mol/l (4-2 mg/100 ml).It rose over the next week to 545 umol/l (6-1 mg/100 ml).Five weeks after stopping the prednisolone the plasma creatinine was 906Htmol/I (10-2 mg/100 ml).A mid-stream urine specimen contained leucocytes 168 x 106/1 (168/mm3), red blood cells 32 x 106/1 (32/mm3), and 1-0 g/l protein.She was readmitted and given prednisolone 45 mg a day.Her renal function improved: one month after readmission her plasma creatinine was 164 ,umol/l (1-8 mg/100 ml).Seven months after her first admission her creatinine clearance was 30 ml/min and plasma creatinine 196 ,umol/l (2-2 mg/100 ml).Her prednisolone dose had been reduced to 10 mg daily.
The effects of polycations on vascular permeability in the rat. A proposed role for charge sites.
Authors: V M Vehaskari, C T Chang, J K Stevens, A M Robson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

This study investigated whether charge sites in the walls of the microvasculature may play a role in maintaining the impermeability of the nonrenal capillaries to albumin. All experiments were performed in nephrectomized rats, studied in the awake state. The intravenous injection of protamine sulfate (4 mg/100 g body wt dissolved in 0.9% saline) was followed by a mean increase of 29.1% in hematocrit and a decrease of 28.4% in plasma albumin concentration over a 10-min period, indicating a significant 50-60% loss of albumin from the vascular space; a finding confirmed by studies using exogenous 125I-labeled albumin. Changes persisted for the remaining 80 min of observation, and could be reproduced by the injection of two other polycations, hexadimethrine and poly-l-lysine. These effects were not prevented by the antihistamine diphenhydramine hydrochloride. In contrast to 125I-labeled albumin, 14C-labeled neutral dextran of comparable size was not confined to the vascular space; its apparent volume of distribution progressively increased during the 90 min of observation. Intravenous injection of protamine sulfate was followed by a significantly smaller loss of 14C-dextran (36.5%) than albumin (59.1%) from the vascular space (P less than 0.01). Protamine sulfate could not be demonstrated to result in any changes in the physicochemical characteristics of albumin. These observations suggest that the negative charge sites present in nonglomerular capillary walls have functions similar to equivalent sites present in the glomerular capillaries. Thus, charge sites could contribute to the low permeability of the microvasculature to negatively charged macromolecules such as albumin. This may be an important mechanism for retaining albumin in the vascular space and preventing edema formation in health.
Abstract 4602: Preclinical evaluation of the AKT inhibitor MK2206 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Brigette B. Ma, Vivian WY Lui, Connie Hui, Cecilia Lau, Margaret Ng, S W. Tsao, Edwin P. Hui, C H. Wong, Li Yan, Anthony TC Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MK2206 is an allosteric inhibitor of AKT with potent activity in cancer cell lines that exhibit genetic aberrations in the PI3K-AKT-PTEN pathway. AKT is frequently activated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), while PIK3CA amplification is found in 40-70% of NPC tissues. The preclinical activity of MK2206 was evaluated in NPC cell lines: HONE-1-EBV, HONE-1, CNE-2, HNE-1, and 2 cell lines with PIK3CA amplifications, HK-1 and C666-1. All 6 cell lines showed increased basal level of activated (p-)AKT(ser473), p-GSK3β, p-mTOR, pi-p70S6K and p-4EBP1, except in C666-1 cells where p-70S6K and p-4EBP1 were weakly expressed. Basal expression of p-MAPK was most pronounced in HK-1, CNE-2 and HONE-1-EBV, and weakly expressed in C666-1 and HONE-1. The effect on cell growth was evaluated by exposing cells to increasing concentrations (conc) of MK2206 (100pM, 2nM, 20nM, 0.2µM, 2µM, 30µM) for up to 72 hrs followed by MTT assay. Over 95% of growth inhibition was achieved in all cell lines with respective IC50 values of: CNE-2=0.39µM, HK-1 = 0.48µM, HONE-1= 1.51µM, C666-1= 1.64µM, HNE-1= 1.92µM, HONE1-EBV= 2.36µM. CNE-2, HONE-1-EBV and C666-1 were selected for assessing the effect on AKT signaling, apoptosis, cell cycle and synergism with chemotherapy. Treatment of these cells with MK2206 at IC50 conc for 15 and 24 hours, resulted in G1 arrest in CNE-2 and HONE-1-EBV, and G2 arrest in C666-1 cells. Apoptosis (increased cleaved PARP) was detected in CNE-2 cells only. MK2206 reduced the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-BAD, p-FKHD and p-GSK3β in CNE-2, HONE-1-EBV and C666-1 cells, while the level of p-4EBP1 level was significantly reduced in C666-1 and CNE-2 cells only. The effect on p-70S6K expression in all 3 cell lines was minimal. MK2206 increased expression of p-MAPK in HONE1-EBV-1 and C666-1 cells, but not CNE-2 cells. A supra-additive effect on cell growth was observed when cisplatin was added to MK2206, while the effect of adding paclitaxel to MK2206 was minimal in all 3 cell lines. Our result suggests that MK2206 has activity in NPC in vitro. The increased expression of p-MAPK observed in some cell lines suggests the presence of compensatory MAPK activation as described with mTOR inhibitors in other cancers. MK-2206 is currently under clinical investigation in recurrent NPC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4602. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4602
Conversion of an immunogenic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope synthetic peptide to a tolerogen in chimpanzees by the fusogenic domain of HIV gp41 envelope protein.
Authors: B F Haynes, L O Arthur, P Frost, T J Matthews, A J Langlois, T J Palker, M K Hart, R M Scearce, D M Jones, C McDanal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The fusogenic (F) domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp41 envelope (env) protein has sequence similarities to many virus and mediates the fusion of HIV-infected cells. During a survey of the immunogenicity of HIV env peptides in chimpanzees, we have observed that HIV peptide immunogenicity was dramatically altered by the NH2-terminal synthesis of the gp41 F domain to an otherwise immunogenic peptide. We compared two hybrid peptide types comprised of T helper (Th) and B cell epitopes of HIV gp120 env protein for their immunogenicity in chimpanzees. The Th-B epitope hybrid peptides contained the HIV gp120 Th cell determinant, T1 (amino acids [aa] 428-440)-synthesized NH2 terminal to gp120 V3 loop peptides, which contain B cell epitopes that induce anti-HIV-neutralizing antibodies (SP10IIIB [aa 303-321] and SP10IIIB [A] [aa 303-327]). The F-Th-B peptide contained the HIV gp41 F domain of HIVIIIB gp41 (aa 519-530)-synthesized NH2 terminal to the Th-B peptide. Whereas Th-B peptides were potent immunogens for chimpanzee antibody and T cell-proliferative responses, the F-Th-B peptide induced lower anti-HIV gp120 T and B cell responses. Moreover, immunization of chimpanzees with F-Th-B peptide but not Th-B peptides induced a significant decrease in peripheral blood T lymphocytes (mean decrease during immunization, 52%; p &amp;lt; 0.02). Chimpanzees previously immunized with F-Th-B peptide did not respond well to immunization with Th-B peptide with T or B cell responses to HIV peptides, demonstrating that the F-Th-B peptide induced immune hyporesponsiveness to Th and B HIV gp120 env determinants. These observations raise the hypothesis that the HIV gp41 env F domain may be a biologically active immunoregulatory peptide in vivo, and by an as yet uncharacterized mechanism, promotes primate immune system hyporesponsiveness to otherwise immunogenic peptides.