tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Challenges With Measurement Of IgE Antibodies To Minor Components In Food Allergy: Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Peanut Allergy, and Delayed Anaphylaxis To Mammalian Meat
Authors: Anubha Tripathi, Lisa J. Workman, Scott Commins, Barrett Barnes, Robert G. Hamilton, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Elizabeth Erwin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Preventing Preterm Birth
Authors: Robert K. Creasy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Premature or preterm delivery of otherwise normal babies is a problem throughout the world, in both developed and developing countries. In the United States the incidence of preterm delivery has hovered around 7 to 9 percent for many years.1 , 2 Although various intervention programs have claimed success in reducing the number of preterm deliveries, the results have been difficult to reproduce or sustain.3 4 5 6 There is little question that preterm neonates (classified according to gestational age or birth weight below 1500 g) account for more than half, perhaps as much as three quarters, of the mortality and morbidity among newborns without congenital . . .
Airway and tissue responses to antigen challenge in sensitized brown Norway rats.
Authors: T Nagase, A Moretto, M J Dallaire, D H Eidelman, J G Martin, M S Ludwig
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

It has recently been shown in several species that lung tissue resistance increases after administration of exogenous bronchoconstrictors. This finding suggests the possibility that lung parenchymal tissues could be involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary allergic responses. To test this hypothesis, we sensitized Brown Norway rats with ovalbumin (OA) and performed experiments in anesthetized, open-chested, mechanically ventilated (respiratory frequency [f] = 1 Hz, tidal volume [VT] = 9 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] = 3 cm H2O) animals. We affixed alveolar capsules to the lungs to measure alveolar pressure and calculated the resistance of lung (RL), tissue (Rti), and airway (Raw) under control conditions and after aerosol administration of saline (S) (n = 10) or OA (n = 14). To assess lung morphometry during the late response, the lungs of six S and six OA animals were frozen with liquid nitrogen (PEEP = 3 cm H2O) and processed via freeze substitution. Airway constriction was assessed by measuring the ratio of the airway lumen (A) to the ideally relaxed airway (Ar). Tissue distortion was assessed by measuring the mean linear intercept between alveolar walls (Lm), an atelectasis index (ATI) derived by calculating the ratio of tissue/airspace, and the standard deviation (SD) of Lm and ATI. In the OA group, all animals demonstrated an early response (ER; RL, Rti, Raw = 183.5 +/- 7.7, 159.7 +/- 9.9, 232.5 +/- 17.2% baseline, respectively) and 11 animals showed a late response (LR; RL, Rti, Raw = 178.9 +/- 5.1, 191.3 +/- 11.5, 176.6 +/- 17.3% baseline, respectively). Neither ER nor LR were observed in the saline group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Outcomes in Elderly Patients After Intensive Care
Authors: Douglas C. Woolley
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The study by Chelluri et al 1 of outcomes after elderly patients have received nonelective care in a medical/ surgical intensive care unit (ICU) is commendable for its measure of patient function, quality of life, and long-term outcomes, in addition to short-term mortality. In the study, no significant difference was found in these measures between the younger elderly (ages 65 to 75 years) and older elderly (older than 75 years).  As Chelluri et al noted, the sample size did not give the study adequate power to detect significant differences in long-term survival between the younger and older patient populations. It can be shown, however, that the sample size was small enough to place the study power for analysis of immediate post-ICU survival as well as long-term survival at a level below that needed to demonstrate important potential differences between these two populations. Using the data in Table
Lower limb palsies with hypoprothrombinaemia.
Authors: L. S. Lange
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BNKTLm 93 oedema, which disappeared after the first dialysis, did not recur.Methyldopa was given for her hypertension, but her blood-pressure was poorly controlled, ranging between 180/110 and 160/100.Facilities for long-term dialysis were not available, and after five weeks in hospital she was discharged home, where she died 10 days later.During the first few days after admission her visual acuity rapidly deteriorated until she was only able to perceive light with the right eye and count fingers with the left eye.Ophthalmoscopic examination on the sixth day after admission showed almost complete detachment of the retina of the right eye and a partial retinal detachment in the left.The detachments were most pronounced inferiorly, and in the right eye the entire lower half of the retina protruded forward as an almost horizontal shelf.Thereafter her vision pro- gressively improved and the retinal changes regressed.At the time of discharge she was able to read newsprint with each eye, and only small areas of detachment at the lower poles of each retina remained.COMMENT Lapco et al. (1965.)described eight cases of retinal detachment and chronic renal failure, but previously the association has only rarely been reported (Wagener, 1927 ; Mettier, 1961 ; Buchanan and Ellis, 1964).Duke-Elder (1940) referred to exudative detachment as a rare complication of renal failure and mentioned that the condition might resolve if the patient survived long enough.In each of the eight patients of Lapco et al. (1965) the retina reattached, at intervals of 1 to 16 weeks; and in our patient the condition had almost completely remitted within five weeks.*The pathogenesis of the detachment is not clear, but its predominantly dependent location suggests that it results from the accumulation of fluid behind the retina.Lapco et al. (1965) found no correlation between the degree of the detachment and the severity of either hypertension or azotaemia; but they related regression of the lesion to loss of body water.In our patient, improvement occurred at a time when her oedema and dilutional hyponatraemia had been controlled by haemodialysis and fluid restriction, and was maintained, though she remained hypertensive and the blood urea rose to over 300 mg./100 ml. between haemodialyses.The occurrence of spontaneous retinal detachment in toxaemia of pregnancy (Bosco, 1961) adds sup- port to the idea of increased body water as a causative factor.Lapco et al. (1965) suggested that hypoalbuminaemia might be a contributory cause, but in our patient the serum albumin concentration was normal.Reversible retinal detachment seems to be a rare complica- tion of renal failure, but an increased awareness of the condition is likely to lead to its more frequent recognition.
Phase II Multicenter Trial with Carboplatin and Gemcitabine Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Radiotherapy Concomitantly with Low-Dose Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine for Stage IIIA and IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Vera Hirsh, Denis Soulieres, Marie Duclos, Sergio Faria, Pierre Del Vecchio, Linda Ofiara, Jean-Pierre Ayoub, Danielle Charpentier, James Gruber, Lorraine Portelance, Luis Souhami
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Life expectancy: women now on top everywhere
Authors: Anna Barford, Danny Dorling, George Davey Smith, Mary Shaw
Journal: BMJ (2006)

During 2006, even in the poorest countries, women can expect to outlive men 

> “Women who seek to be equal with men lack ambition.” 
> 
> Timothy Leary (1920-1996) 

T he year 2006 should not be allowed to pass without at least a quiet celebration that this is the first year in human history when—across almost all the world—women can expect to enjoy a longer life expectancy than men. That the trend is moving in this direction will probably be confirmed this week in the 2006 world health report.

In its world health report of 2002, the World Health Organization, using data for 2001, reported that male life expectancy exceeded female life expectancy in only six countries: Nepal, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Bangladesh, and Swaziland.1 A year later, the situation seemed to have reversed in all six countries, with two other countries (Qatar and the Maldives) reporting that men were living slightly longer than women.2 In its …
Remarks on Tests for Albumen in the Urine, New and Old
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1884)

Is-a paper on the above subject in the recently published JManchcster ledical Chronicle, Dr. William Roberts, referring to the fact that the urine in health contains various forms of albuminoid matter, expresses his belief that the new tests for albumen which have recently been brought into prominence, especially picric acid, tungstato of soda, potassio-mercuric iodide, and the acidulated brine-test, " produce frequently in the urines of perfectly healthy persons a reaction which is undistinguishable from the reaction which indicates disease or ab- normality."This point was put to the proof by the examination of the urine of thirty-one healthy persons-students, candidates for insurance, and others, who exhibited no signs of disordered health, and in whose urine heat and nitric acid gave no indication of albuuien.Dr. Roberts, of course, needs not to be reminded that albumen, in greater or less abundance, and for long periods of time, may be un- questionably present in the urine of persons who exhibit no signs of disordered health.If this were not so, albuminuria would not be so frequently unsuspected and overlooked as it is.Dr. Roberts proceeds to state that "the acidulated brine-test gave a reaction in eleven cases, picric acid in fourteen, the tungstate test in twenty-eight, and the mercuric iodide in twenty-nine cases."Deferring for the present w'at I have to say of picric acid, I should have expected, from observations which I have quite recently made, that the other three tests would give a slight but appreciable reaction in every specimen of normal urine.It is a fact that all normal urine contains a small but variable proportion of mucus.Now, mucin is precipitated by dilute acetic acid and mineral acids.(See the article Mucus, in Watts's Dictionary of Chemistry, vol.iii, p. 1059-60.)It is also precipitated, as Dr. Oliver has shown (Bedside Urinary Testing, p. 37), by citric acid.The addition of a small quan-
Medicine And The Muse
Authors: LOUIS H. RODDIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 January 1930Medicine And The MuseOliver Wendell Holmes, M.D.LOUIS H. RODDISLOUIS H. RODDISSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-7-717 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGentlemen: damn the sphenoid bone! This was the annual preface to the lecture on the sphenoid given by Dr. Holmes to freshmen medical students at Harvard during their course in osteology. As he was Parkman Professor of Anatomy from 1847 to 1882, a period of thirty-five years, it became a sort of ritual, a kind of annual event at Harvard to which students looked forward. Every physician and student of medicine will know the reason for such profanity in reference to the sphenoid, for with the exception of the temporal bone it is the greatest stumbling block to the medical...Bibliography1. Morse JT Life and Letters of Oliver Wendell Holmes—. (London 1896). Google Scholar2. Complete Works of Oliver Wendell Holmes—(Boston 1891). Google Scholar3. De Lee Principles and Practice of Obstetrics—, 4th Edition. Google Scholar4. Garrison An Introduction to the History of Medicine——3rd Edition. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDescriptive Medical Terms: Activities, Actions, and Appearances 1 January 1930Volume 3, Issue 7Page: 717-723KeywordsBone ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Release of adenosine triphosphate by adenosine diphosphate in whole blood and in erythrocyte suspensions
Authors: Ralf Knöfler, Gerhard Weissbach, Eberhard Kuhlisch
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

In whole blood samples from thrombocytopenic patients, large amounts of ATP were released by ADP, exceeding the level obtained with samples from normal persons by far. Because we suspected that the high potential of ATP in erythrocytes would be the main source for this phenomenon, the release of ATP by ADP was measured in whole blood samples from normal, thrombocytopenic, and leukocytopenic persons and in suspensions of washed erythrocytes. The release was recorded by a Whole Blood Lumi-Aggregometer type 500 VS (Chrono-Log Corporation, Havertown, PA) using the luciferin-luciferase system. Not only in samples from thrombocytopenic persons but also with normal platelet count, increasing amounts of ATP were released with increasing ADP concentrations, finally exceeding the ATP releasable from thrombocytes by thrombin. The amounts of ADP required to match the ATP release of thrombin were closely correlated with the platelet counts in the samples. With lower platelet counts, the release mechanism from erythrocytes could be stimulated more easily by low concentrations of ADP. The binding of ADP to platelets occurred with ostensibly higher affinity. The phenomenon of overshooting ATP release was also observed in samples from extremely leukocytopenic patients. A very large release of ATP was also achieved in suspensions of washed erythrocytes. In this way our hypothesis of ATP release from erythrocytes by ADP was confirmed again. The mechanism of the release from erythrocytes remains unclear. We speculate that its purpose is to regulate extracellular nucleotides in the circulating blood.
Dependence of Saline-Induced Natriuresis upon Exposure of the Kidney to the Physical Effects of Extracellular Fluid Volume Expansion
Authors: John P. Fitzgibbons, F. John Gennari, Howard B. Garfinkel, Stanley Cortell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In many previous studies, the natriuresis induced by saline loading has been demonstrated to persist even though glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been decreased to below pre-expansion levels by a reduction in renal artery pressure. In such studies, however, the kidney has been exposed to the effects of volume expansion for varying periods of time before renal artery pressure was controlled. The present experiments were designed to evaluate whether this period of exposure induces critical changes in intrarenal factors that are responsible for the natriuresis.
Perinatal Events and Respiratory-Distress Syndrome
Authors: L. Stanley James
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

It is difficult to believe that the respiratory-distress syndrome, perhaps the major cause of infant mortality in the United States today, was given only cursory attention in the standard pediatric textbooks of the early 1950's. But during the next 20 years there was an avalanche of new information. The symptoms were clearly described; diagnosis of the condition in life became possible; etiologic factors were defined; newer methods of treatment were introduced, leading to a marked lowering of mortality; predictive diagnostic tests were developed; and even a method of prevention was found.The discovery of surfactant in 19551 and the demonstration, . . .
Peripheral Neuropathy due to Allopurinol
Authors: J. H. Glyn, P. A. Crofts
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess parents’ first experiences of their very preterm babies and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). <h3>Design</h3> Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. <h3>Participants</h3> 32 mothers and 7 fathers of very preterm babies (&lt;32 weeks gestation). <h3>Setting</h3> Three neonatal units in tertiary care hospitals in South East England. <h3>Results</h3> Five themes were identified. The first describes parents’ blurred recall of the birth. The second shows the anticipation of seeing and touching their baby for the first time was characterised by contrasting emotions, with some parents feeling scared and others excited about the event. The third theme describes parents’ first sight and touch of their babies and their ‘rollercoaster’ of emotions during this time. It also highlights the importance of touch to trigger and strengthen the parent–baby bond. However, some parents were worried that touching or holding the baby might transmit infection or interfere with care. The fourth theme captures parents’ impressions of NICU and how overwhelming this was particularly for parents who had not toured NICU beforehand or whose first sight of their baby was on NICU. The final theme captures unique experiences of fathers, in particular that many felt excluded and confused about their role. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study informs family-centred care by providing insight into the experiences of parents of very preterm infants at a time when they are most in need of support. Clinical implications include the importance of offering parents preparatory tours of the NICU and including fathers.
THE PHYSICAL STATE OF HEMOGLOBIN IN SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA ERYTHROCYTES IN VIVO
Authors: Johanna Döbler, John F. Bertles
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Venous blood removed anaerobically from patients with sickle-cell anemia was transferred immediately into fixative, thus precluding significant loss or gain of oxygen by the cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated an intraerythrocytic fibrillar fine structure similar to that described in prior studies on erythrocytes sickled by deoxygenation in vitro. Observations reported here lead to these conclusions: (a) explanations of the sickling process derived from in vitro experimentation may with validity be applied to sickling in vivo; and (b) the term "sickled" must be used with caution: a sickle-shaped membrane does not necessarily endose Hb S in filamentous form.
A model for the formation of airborne particulate matter based on the gas-phase adsorption on amorphous carbon blacks.
Authors: T H Risby, S S Sehnert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

This paper reports the physicochemical properties that describe the adsorption of a series of solutes onto the surfaces of amorphous carbon blacks. Adsorption was studied at concentrations that correspond to low surface coverages and in the presence of volatile solvent diluents. The adsorbates and adsorbents were selected for their relevance as models for environmental agent-particle complexes originating from incomplete combustion. The data clearly show that the major factors that determine the strength of adsorption are the surface properties of the adsorbent and the intermolecular forces between the surface and the adsorbing molecule. The heat of adsorption data have been used to predict the lifetime of the absorbate-adsorbent complexes.
Abstract B57: Quantifying the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases to the development of the pre-metastatic niche in the lung and liver microenvironments
Authors: Miranda A. Hallett, E. Ashley Dozier, Joseph T. Roland, Barbara Fingleton
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The leading cause of cancer mortality is metastasis of a primary tumor to distant organs. It is thought that stromal micro-environmental changes occur at these secondary sites before the arrival of tumor cells, which facilitate future colonization and outgrowth. This occurrence is commonly termed as the formation of the “pre-metastatic niche.” Specific factors altered at pre-metastatic niches have already been described in literature (Nature. 2005 Dec 8;438(7069):820-7). These include VEGFR-1, VLA-4 and Fibronectin. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), known for their involvement in tumor invasion and metastasis, have also been implicated in niche formation. Our goals are to (1) determine the roles of MMPs in generation of the pre-metastatic niche and (2) develop a method of quantification for these niches in the lung utilizing a malignant breast cancer type. In a distant murine LLC-implantation model, we developed immunofluorescent (IF) staining techniques to define pre-metastatic niches within the lung based on the molecules identified by Kaplan et al. Within this same model, qRT-PCR indicated a substantial increase in lung MMP9 (Gelatinase B) gene expression. This led us to reproduce the pre-metastatic niche within a breast cancer model using a time-coursed malignant murine 4T1-GFP implantation model within Balb/c mammary glands. Visualization was again achieved by IF staining of known factors obtained from Kaplan et al. We utilized these models and the clusters formed to create an algorithm for quantifying the pre-metastatic niche. To confirm this algorithm is specific for premetastatic niches in metastatic tumor models, we also implanted 4T1-GFP cells into MMP9-/- Balb/c mice. These mice result in unorganized protein expression and lack of cluster formation. In addition we utilized a non-metastatic mammary tumor model, 67NR also implanted in Balb/c mice to serve as a negative control for our algorithm. Thus, to confirm the pre-metastatic niche is specific to metastatic tumor models. Eventually, pre-metastatic MMP activity may indicate potential roles and markers for metastatic spread. Further, this algorithm will provide a new quantitative standard for the field. Thus, this algorithm has translational potential as a test for specific drug efficacy. Citation Format: Miranda A. Hallett, E. Ashley Dozier, Joseph T. Roland, Barbara Fingleton. Quantifying the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases to the development of the pre-metastatic niche in the lung and liver microenvironments. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B57. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B57
Response to Comment on: Lassenius et al. Bacterial Endotoxin Activity in Human Serum Is Associated With Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Chronic Inflammation. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1809–1815
Authors: Mariann I. Lassenius, Pirkko J. Pussinen, Carol Forsblom, Per-Henrik Groop, Markku Lehto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We thank Koduru et al. (1) for highlighting their findings regarding the effects of diet composition on endotoxemia and inflammation. Based on their results, it is evident that dietary factors may modulate the state of endotoxemia in humans. We, however, believe that the issue is much more complex. Pathogen-associated microbial compounds may arise from various sources: diet, bacterial infections, and commensal microbiota. Different dietary food products contain various amounts of microbial compounds, the biological activity of which might be modulated by nutrient composition and …
Detection of mutagenic activity in the urines of anesthesiologists: a preliminary report.
Authors: E C McCoy, R Hankel, H S Rosenkranz, J G Giuffrida, D V Bizzari
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

While halothane was without mutagenic activity in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, even in the presence of microsomal fractions, the urines of anesthesiologists induced mutations of the base-substitution type.
After the Definition of Irreversible Coma
Authors: Henry K. Beecher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Over a year ago, a committee was appointed by the Harvard Medical School with instructions to define death. The committee, however, shied away from this assignment because the aspects of death are so many. It cannot be "defined" apart from tedious, qualifying, imprecise terms. Consider, for example, that civilizations die, and yet the component societies live on. Societies disintegrate, but the individuals involved survive. Individuals die; yet their cells continue to metabolize, some for much longer than others. Cells are disrupted, but their ferments are still active. Where, in any such sequence, can one say that at this moment and . . .