tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients to get a greater say in Englands health care
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2003)

New legislation giving patients and the public in England a greater say in decision making and consultation about local health services came into force at the beginning of the year.

The Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health, which started work on 6 January, will “champion and promote” the involvement of the public in decisions about local health services.

The commission's task will be to get as many people as possible to participate in local decision making. Its remit will include training people in skills that will ensure their voices are heard and encouraging Patients Forums (due to replace Community Health Councils) …
Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study
Authors: B. J Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the association between hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia) and the development of circulatory diseases in later life. <b>Design:</b> Cohort study of women who had pre-eclampsia during their first singleton pregnancy. Two comparison groups were matched for age and year of delivery, one with gestational hypertension and one with no history of raised blood pressure. <b>Setting:</b> Maternity services in the Grampian region of Scotland. <b>Participants:</b> Women selected from the Aberdeen maternity and neonatal databank who were resident in Aberdeen and who delivered a first, live singleton from 1951 to 1970. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Current vital and cardiovascular health status ascertained through postal questionnaire survey, clinical examination, linkage to hospital discharge, and mortality data. <b>Results:</b> There were significant positive associations between pre-eclampsia/eclampsia or gestational hypertension and later hypertension in all measures. The adjusted relative risks varied from 1.13-3.72 for gestational hypertension and 1.40-3.98 for pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. The adjusted incident rate ratio for death from stroke for the pre-eclampsia/eclampsia group was 3.59 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 12.4). <b>Conclusions:</b> Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy seem to be associated in later life with diseases related to hypertension. If greater awareness of this association leads to earlier diagnosis and improved management, there may be scope for reducing a proportion of the morbidity and mortality from such diseases. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Much is known about the effect of cardiovascular risks factors that are shared by men and women, but less on those specific to women Retrospective studies, based on patient recall, suggest that hypertension in pregnancy may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in later life <h3>What this study adds</h3> Prospective recording of blood pressure and proteinuria shows that women who experienced raised blood pressure in pregnancy have a long term risk of hypertension Women who experience raise blood pressure in pregnancy have an increased risk of stroke and, to a lesser extent, an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease Long term cardiovascular risks are greater for women who had pre-eclampsia than those who experienced gestational hypertension (hypertension without proteinuria)
The Characterization of Indoor Tanning Facilities in Florida
Authors: Sonia A. Lamel, Nicholas A. Richmond, Liza R. Braun, Alejandra C. Vivas, Robert S. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

The Characterization of Indoor Tanning Facilities in FloridaCommercial tanning beds have been available for cosmetic use for many decades, and current estimates suggest that 1 million people use tanning beds daily despite their placement in the highest cancer risk category and use being restricted in many states. 1Indoor tanning is linked to melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer development, especially with use before age 35 years. 2 Interestingly, use by teenage girls is as high as 40%, and overall, 20% of 18-to 29-year-old individuals have indoor tanned in the last year. 3Because indoor tanning use is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, the availability of devices to certain demographics may have significant public health consequences.Classification of providing facilities may facilitate more directed health or regulatory interventions.Indoor tanning facilities 1261
Cell-Cell Interactions in the Testis*
Authors: MICHAEL K. SKINNER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

THE ability of cells to interact and communicate is a biological phenomenon that developed with the evolution of multicellular organisms. The cell-cell interactions that have evolved are essential for the survival of both simple organisms such as dictyostelium and complex organisms such as mammals. These cellular associations allow an organism to develop capacities that are greater than the simple sum of their individual parts. As early as 1878, Claude Bernard proposed that the "milieu interieur" (i.e. internally produced fluid environment) and a cybernetic-like control system (i.e. cell-cell interactions and communication) in multicellular organisms are needed to adaptively regulate the growth, development, and maintenance of normal tissue function (1, 2). The experimental analysis of cellular interactions was initiated with the investigation of cell aggregation in simple organisms such as sponges (3, 4) and progressed into the areas of embryology (5) and cell biology (6, 7). Analysis of cell biology on a molecular level has revealed the importance of cell-cell interactions during embryo-genesis, organogenesis, and determination of cell lineage (reviews in Refs. 8–12).
Does the Primary-Care Gatekeeper Control the Costs of Health Care?
Authors: Stephen H. Moore, Diane P. Martin, William C. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

IN June 1979, an article in the Journal 1 described a new type of independent practice association (IPA), which was designed to encourage primary-care physicians in private practice to become coordinators and financial managers of medical care for their patients. United Healthcare Corporation, organized by the SAFECO Life Insurance Company, was a first-generation IPA of the primary-care-network type and grew to be the largest of its kind in the United States. In the current climate of government and private-sector interest in health-maintenance organizations and preferred-provider organizations,2 3 4 as well as case management, the SAFECO experience is particularly relevant because of many similarities . . .
Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine
Authors: James R. Horning
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters5 December 2006Redesigning Training for Internal MedicineJames R. Horning, MDJames R. Horning, MDFrom University of South Dakota and Royal C. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-11-200612050-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: I am responding to the ACP position paper on redesigning training for internal medicine by Weinberger and colleagues (1). Redesigning the training of internal medicine residents may prepare some for their future positions, but I do not think it will increase the number of general internists.Having been in private practice on and off for 16 years and with a university-sponsored internal medicine residency program and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs on and off for 10 years, I think you have to change the end point—not the training. General internists must be able to work less ...Reference1. Weinberger SE, Smith LG, Collier VU. Redesigning training for internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:927-32. [PMID: 16601254] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of South Dakota and Royal C. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.Disclaimer: The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRedesigning Training for Internal Medicine Steven E. Weinberger , Lawrence G. Smith , Virginia U. Collier , and Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine George N. Dalekos , Konstantinos Makaritsis , and Eirini I. Rigopoulou Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine John P. Fitzgibbons and Frederick J. Meyers Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine Steven E. Weinberger , Lawrence G. Smith , and Virginia U. Collier Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine Ishak A. Mansi Metrics Cited ByCurrent World LiteratureRedesigning Training for Internal MedicineIshak A. Mansi, MD 5 December 2006Volume 145, Issue 11Page: 864-865KeywordsForecastingGlucoseGoutGraduate medical educationInpatientsMedicareOutpatientsResidencyRunningSub-specialty care ePublished: 5 December 2006 Issue Published: 5 December 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
More than 30 health quangos may be axed by UK coalition government
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A leaked Cabinet Office document indicates that around 30 health related advisory committees and non-departmental bodies are to be abolished in the UK coalition government’s “bonfire of the quangos.”

Among high profile casualties are the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, the Human Tissue Authority, the Human Genetics Commission, the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence, and the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, if the list published today by the Daily Telegraph (www.telegraph.co.uk, 24 Sep, “Quango cuts: 177 bodies to be scrapped under coalition plans”) proves accurate.

The demise of the Health Protection Agency, whose functions will be taken over by the promised Department of Public Health, and the Appointments Commission, which handles public appointments to the NHS and other government departments, had already been announced by ministers ( BMJ 2010;341:c4074, doi:10.1136/bmj.c4074). Both appear on the list.

Non-departmental bodies have flourished in the United Kingdom in recent years. Last year the Taxpayers’ Alliance, which campaigns for lower taxes, produced a list of 1162 such bodies, …
In vitro diagnosis of coeliac disease: an assessment.
Authors: P D Howdle, G R Corazza, A W Bullen, M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1981)

Jejunal biopsies from controls and coeliac patients were maintained in organ culture for up to 48 hours. The in vitro effect of gluten fraction III during the period of culture was assessed by measurement of the activity of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase and alpha-glucosidase. Mucosa from controls and treated and untreated coeliacs behaved similarly and no reproducible in vitro effect of gluten was demonstrated. These results cast doubt on the in vitro diagnosis of coeliac disease by monitoring brush border enzyme activity.
The Hyperosmolar State
Authors: John N. Loeb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE ready availability of simple technics for the determination of plasma osmolarity has led over the past 10 years to an increasing appreciation of the frequency and implications of various states characterized by a hyperosmolarity of the body fluids. Although the syndromes discussed below all share hyperosmolarity as a common feature, they differ considerably in their pathogenesis and management.Osmotic Equilibrium, Freezing-Point Depression and Definition of OsmolarityWhen two aqueous solutions are separated by a membrane permeable to water, osmotic equilibrium is present provided the chemical activity of the water on both sides of the membrane is identical. For so-called . . .
18F-DOPA PET/CT in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Egesta Lopci, Arnoldo Piccardo, Cristina Nanni, Vania Altrinetti, Alberto Garaventa, Andrea Pession, Angelina Cistaro, Arturo Chiti, Giampiero Villavecchia, Stefano Fanti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Role of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in neuroblastoma (NB) compared with CT/MR.In all, 21 patients (M:F = 14:7; mean age, 7.4 years) affected by advanced stage NB (III-IV) were prospectively enrolled. Overall, 37 paired 18F-DOPA PET and CT/MR scans were performed, and for each, we identified site and number of lesions. Standard of reference was based on a multidisciplinary assessment, including 123I-MIBG, selective biopsy, and clinical-instrumental monitoring. Both scan-based and a lesion-based analysis was performed, and for each modality, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and accuracy.On the scan-based analysis, 18F-DOPA PET and CT/MR showed the following rates: sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy were 100%, 92.3%, 100%, 96%, and 97.3% versus 91.7%, 61.5%, 80%, 81.5%, and 81.1%, respectively (P = 0.014). Overall 179 findings were reported at imaging, of which 139 (77.7%) resulted true sites of disease at final outcome. On the lesion-based analysis, the 2 imaging modalities showed the following sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy rates: 90.6%, 90%, 73.5%, 96.9%, and 90.5% versus 47.5%, 27.5%, 13.1%, 69.5%, and 43% (P < 0.00001).In our study, 18F-DOPA PET/CT results more accurate than CT/MR in advanced stage NB therefore should be taken into consideration for the diagnostic workup of these patients.
Abstract 1364: Design, synthesis and evaluation of potent antiproliferative and cytotoxic antifolates with selective FRs and PCFT transport over RFC and potent GARFTase inhibition
Authors: Lei Wang, Christina Cherian, Sita Kugel Desmoulin, Zhanjun Hou, Larry H. Matherly, Aleem Gangjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lack of selectivity for folate transporters is one of the major causes of toxicity and chemotherapy failure with clinically used antifolates. Three folate transporters, the reduced folate carrier (RFC), folate receptors (FR) and the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), account for most of the folate influx activity in mammalian cells. We recently reported potent inhibition of cell proliferation by a classical 2-amino-4-oxo-6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine with a thienoyl for benzoyl-substituted side chain and a 4-carbon bridge (AG71). AG71 was selective for transport by FRs and PCFT over RFC and inhibited glycinamideribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFTase) in de novo purine biosynthesis. In SCID mice with KB tumors, AG71 was highly active against both early and advanced stage tumors. A series of five thienoyl regioisomers of AG71 with [1,3] (AG117 and AG118) and [1,2] (AG114, AG115, AG116) thienoyl substitutions by the 4-carbon bridge and the L-glutamate were synthesized. Analogs were evaluated for anti-proliferative activities in engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing RFC, FR, or PCFT to determine the optimum structures for selective transport by FRs and/or PCFT. Additional studies were performed in KB and IGROV1 tumor cells, using inhibition of cell proliferation or colony formation as metrics. Like AG71, none of the novel thienyol regioisomers were substrates for RFC. AG117 and AG118 were potently active toward FR- and PCFT-expressing CHO cells and toward KB and IGROV1 tumor cells, equivalent or exceeding levels for AG71. In colony-forming assays in KB cells, AG117 and AG118 were cytotoxic. AG114, AG115, and AG116 were substantially less active or completely inert. AG117 and AG118, like AG71, were high affinity ligands for FRα by competitive ligand binding with 3H-folic acid, and were potent substrates for PCFT by direct competition 3H-methotrexate transport. By protection assays, AG71 and AG117 preserved potent anti-proliferative activity even in the presence of 50 nM leucovorin; adenosine and 5-imidazole-4-carboxamide were completely protective, establishing the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway and GARFTase as the principal intracellular targets. GARFTase inhibition was confirmed by in situ GARFTase metabolic assays with 14C-glycine as a radiotracer. Our results identify 6-subsituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl regioisomers of AG71 as potent anti-proliferative and cytotoxic antifolates, reflecting selective transport by PCFT and FR over RFC and inhibition of GARFTase. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1364. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1364
Massive Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage into the Pancreatic Duct — Diagnosed by Duodenoscopy and ERCP
Authors: W. Rösch, O. Schaffner, P. Frühmorgen, H. Koch
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

Case report on two patients with massive hemorrhage from the pancreatic duct as proven by duodenoscopy and retrograde pancreatography. In patients with blood pouring from the orifice of the papilla of Vater retrograde ductography should be performed to prove hemobilia or hemosuccus pancreaticus.
Methods to Increase the Percentage of Free Fetal DNA Recovered From the Maternal Circulation
Authors: Ravinder Dhallan
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Noninvasive prenatal diagnostic tests using free fetal DNA provide an alternative to invasive tests and their attendant risks; however, free fetal DNA exists in the maternal circulation at low percentages, which has hindered development of noninvasive tests.To test the hypothesis that using formaldehyde to reduce cell lysis could increase the relative percentage of free fetal DNA in samples of maternal blood.The first phase of the study was conducted from January through February 2002 at a single US clinical site; 2 samples of blood were collected from each of 10 pregnant women, and the percentage of free fetal DNA in formaldehyde-treated and untreated samples was determined. The second phase of the study was conducted from March 2002 through May 2003, and measured the percentage of free fetal DNA in 69 formaldehyde-treated samples of maternal blood obtained from a network of 27 US clinical sites in 16 states.Percentage of free fetal DNA in samples of maternal blood.In the first phase of the study, the mean percentage of free fetal DNA in the untreated samples was 7.7% (range, 0.32%-40%), while the mean percentage of free fetal DNA in the formaldehyde-treated samples was 20.2% (range, 1.6%-40%) (P =.02 for difference). In the second phase, a median of 25% (range, 3.1% to >50%) free fetal DNA was obtained for the 69 formaldehyde-treated maternal blood samples. Approximately 59% of the samples in this study had 25% or greater fetal DNA, and only 16% of the samples had less than 10% fetal DNA. In addition, 27.5% of the samples in this study had 50% or greater fetal DNA.Addition of formaldehyde to maternal blood samples, coupled with careful processing protocols, increases the relative percentage of free fetal DNA, providing a foundation for development of noninvasive prenatal diagnostic tests to distinguish fetal DNA from maternal DNA in the maternal circulation.
Bi-Annual Review of Allergy 1979-1980
Authors: Irwin J. Polk
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A review book should offer the reader a survey of pertinent developments in a field of information within a specific interval. It should provide either a readily accessible synopsis of significant advances or summaries of pertinent journal publications, possibly with interpretive editorial notes. The topics reviewed should include all the areas of possible concern to the reader in which there is an advance to be reported. Indexing is crucial: the reader should be able to pinpoint data in any area quickly. For the more leisurely reader, it is helpful to have topics thoughtfully arranged in a table of contents. An index of authors represented in the volume is helpful. Most of all, the publication should be timely; allowing for production time, a lag of about two years seems to be the standard of the most prominent publisher of yearbooks, Year Book Medical Publishers. Unfortunately, this volume fulfills few of these
The Atrioventricular Node and Selected Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Massimo Calabresi
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The first section of this book is an exhaustive monograph on the atrioventricular (AV) node and related topics. The remaining chapters are a series of essays on other arrhythmias, selected because the AV node has been implicated in their pathogenesis. Some topics (eg, flutter and fibrillation) are discussed briefly and with regard only to possible participation of the AV node in their mechanisms; others (eg, return extrasystole, preexcitation syndrome) are presented in monographic form. The clinical aspects of each arrhythmia are thoroughly considered; special attention is given, however, to the mechanisms involved, the discussion being based on sound application of fundamental knowledge of general physiology. While individual observations from the literature are examined critically, it will be difficult for the average reader to follow the discussion without recourse to the original texts and illustrations. When the evidence is inconclusive, and more than one interpretation of pathogenetic mechanisms remain possible, the
The Regional Extension Center Program: Helping Physicians Meaningfully Use Health Information Technology
Authors: Emily Maxson, Sachin Jain, Mat Kendall, Farzad Mostashari, David Blumenthal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Many physicians face financial and organizational barriers that inhibit their adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems. The 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act included provisions to facilitate the transition from paper to electronic records, including Medicare and Medicaid incentive payments to support the adoption and meaningful use of EHR systems. It also created the Health Information Technology Regional Extension Center (REC) program to ease the barriers faced by primary care physicians and rural and critical-access hospitals seeking to implement EHRs. The 60 RECs will administer individualized assistance to primary care practices and rural and critical-access hospitals as they implement new EHR systems or upgrade existing ones. In aggregate, the RECs aim to help 100 000 primary care physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners to effectively implement EHR systems and qualify for incentive payments for meaningful use. This article describes the rationale for the REC program and describes how the 60 RECs promote the meaningful use of EHR systems.
p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol-containing biodegradable nanoparticle improves functional blood flow through angiogenesis in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Byung-Ryul Cho, Dong Ryeol Ryu, Kwang-Soon Lee, Dong-Keon Lee, Soochan Bae, Dong Goo Kang, Qingen Ke, Sylvia S. Singh, Kwon-Soo Ha, Young-Guen Kwon, Dongwon Lee, Peter M. Kang, Young-Myeong Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)