tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigational Drug May Fight Asbestos-Related Cancer
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Studies using a mouse model and cells from patients with pleural mesothelioma found that an investigational agent appears to slow tumor growth in cancer cells from mesothelioma tumors lacking a tumor suppressor protein called merlin (Shapiro IM et al. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6[237]:237ra68).
Neutralization of (NK-cell-derived) B-cell activating factor by Belimumab restores sensitivity of chronic lymphoid leukemia cells to direct and Rituximab-induced NK lysis
Authors: J Wild, B J Schmiedel, A Maurer, S Raab, L Prokop, S Stevanović, D Dörfel, P Schneider, H R Salih
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Mary Lou Clements
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>International Perspectives on Neglected Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Impact on Venereology, Infertility, and Maternal and Infant Health, edited by King K. Holmes and Per-Anders Mardh (WHO Scientific Group meeting), 336 pp, with illus, $44.50, Washington, DC, Hemisphere Publishing Corp; New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1983.</h3> At a time when sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have captured the interest of the medical community and the public, two new books dealing with the topic are available. Both are multiauthored by recognized experts. The field of STDs is changing so rapidly that both books (whose references to original research are not more recent than 1981) are unavoidably out of date. Therefore, to learn about current topics of interest, such as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and chemotherapy for genital herpes, the reader of these books must turn to recent journal articles. The more general of the two books,<i>Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted</i>
CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Domingo Tagal Addatu, Joshua P. Loh, Li-Ling Tan, Liang Shen, Adrian F. Low, Chi-Hang Lee, Swee Gan Teo, Huay Cheem Tan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
P2-116: Gefitinib enhanced antitubulin cytotoxic effects in high P-glycoprotein and wild epidermal growth factor receptor expressing non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting ATP binding cassette transporters
Authors: Kuo-Ting Chang, Shih-Yin Hsiao, Fan-Hsiang Chiu, Chun-Ming Tsai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Effects of single and repeated doses of omeprazole on gastric acid and pepsin secretion in man.
Authors: C W Howden, J A Forrest, J L Reid
Journal: Gut (1984)

The effects of omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, on gastric acid and pepsin secretion have been studied in twelve healthy subjects. From six to eight hours after a single oral dose of 30 mg, there was a 66% reduction in basal acid output, and a 71.2% reduction in pentagastrin stimulated acid output. A single dose of 60 mg produced a 91.7% reduction in basal acid output and a 95.3% reduction in pentagastrin stimulated acid output. After seven days treatment with 30 or 60 mg daily, there was almost 100% inhibition of both basal and pentagastrin stimulated acid output. Omeprazole did not significantly affect pepsin secretion which is in keeping with its proposed mode of action, as an inhibitor of the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme on the secretory membrane of the parietal cell. There were no side effects after omeprazole either with single or repeated dosing.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Television Viewing Time and Mortality: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)”
Authors: D.W. Dunstan, E.L.M. Barr, J.E. Shaw, D.J. Magliano, P.Z. Zimmet, J. Salmon, A.J. Cameron, N. Owen, G.N. Healy, B. Balkau
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Isolated presynaptic inotropic beta-adrenergic supersensitivity of the transplanted denervated human heart in vivo.
Authors: W von Scheidt, M Böhm, B Schneider, B Reichart, E Erdmann, G Autenrieth
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The regulation of contractility of the transplanted heart depends on circulating catecholamines resulting from cardiac denervation. Supersensitivity to circulating catecholamines may result from loss of presynaptic neuronal uptake or upregulation of postsynaptic beta-adrenergic receptors. METHODS AND RESULTS Dose-response curves using the beta-adrenergic receptor agonists isoprenaline (no neuronal uptake) and epinephrine (neuronal uptake) were performed in vivo. The inotropic response was measured echocardiographically as the increase of fractional shortening (delta FS) and the increase of the systolic pressure/dimension ratio (delta P/D). The inotropic response to increasing doses of isoprenaline (5-20 ng/kg.min) was identical in 36 heart transplant recipients compared with 13 control subjects: delta FS during 20 ng/kg.min isoprenaline amounted to 18.2 +/- 6.2% versus 17.4 +/- 4.0% (NS) and delta P/D to 2.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg/mm versus 2.2 +/- 0.5 mm Hg/mm (NS), respectively. A vagally mediated indirect negative inotropic effect in the innervated hearts was excluded by identical inotropic responses to isoprenaline in control subjects without and after atropine pretreatment. The inotropic response to increasing doses of epinephrine (10-40 ng/kg.min) was significantly augmented in 13 heart transplant recipients compared with 11 control subjects: delta FS during 40 ng/kg.min epinephrine amounted to 19.9 +/- 2.6% versus 8.6 +/- 2.0% (p less than 0.001) and delta P/D to 2.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg/mm versus 0.6 +/- 0.3 mm Hg/mm (p less than 0.001), respectively. Pretreatment with desipramine (blockade of neuronal uptake) in control subjects resulted in a significantly increased inotropic response: delta FS during 40 ng/kg.min epinephrine amounted to 17.6 +/- 3.6% (p less than 0.001 versus untreated controls, NS versus heart transplant recipients) and delta P/D to 1.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg/mm (p less than 0.001 versus untreated controls, NS versus heart transplant recipients). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence against a postsynaptic inotropic supersensitivity or subsensitivity of the beta-adrenergic receptor-effector system of the transplanted denervated human heart in vivo. However, a marked presynaptic inotropic supersensitivity is present because of denervation-associated loss of neuronal catecholamine uptake.
ADDRESS ON THE FOUNDING OF THE ILLINOIS HOSPITAL.
Authors: SETH SCOTT BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The purpose of this pleasant meeting, held under the auspices of the gallant Columbian Knights, is not a mercenary but a merciful one. There are some good people who entertain the idea that doctors are like ministers—in one respect—that they are always asking and receiving. These are the excellent citizens who pay their bills. There is another large class who realize that doctors are persistent askers but poor getters. These are the beneficiaries of our good-natured Esculapians, but they would have their doctors work for nothing, board themselves and go to the Chicago River to drink. Medical men have learned, perforce, that it is more blessed to give than to receive, and we are not here to ask more than we are willing to give. Every prosperous citizen owes a certain obligation to the community to which he is indebted for his prosperity. There may be poetry but there is
Minimizing Ventricular Pacing to Reduce Atrial Fibrillation in Sinus-Node Disease
Authors: Michael O. Sweeney, Alan J. Bank, Emmanuel Nsah, Maria Koullick, Qian Cathy Zeng, Douglas Hettrick, Todd Sheldon, Gervasio A. Lamas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Conventional dual-chamber pacing maintains atrioventricular synchrony but results in high percentages of ventricular pacing, which causes ventricular desynchronization and has been linked to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with sinus-node disease.We randomly assigned 1065 patients with sinus-node disease, intact atrioventricular conduction, and a normal QRS interval to receive conventional dual-chamber pacing (535 patients) or dual-chamber minimal ventricular pacing with the use of new pacemaker features designed to promote atrioventricular conduction, preserve ventricular conduction, and prevent ventricular desynchronization (530 patients). The primary end point was time to persistent atrial fibrillation.The mean (+/-SD) follow-up period was 1.7+/-1.0 years when the trial was stopped because it had met the primary end point. The median percentage of ventricular beats that were paced was lower in dual-chamber minimal ventricular pacing than in conventional dual-chamber pacing (9.1% vs. 99.0%, P<0.001), whereas the percentage of atrial beats that were paced was similar in the two groups (71.4% vs. 70.4%, P=0.96). Persistent atrial fibrillation developed in 110 patients, 68 (12.7%) in the group assigned to conventional dual-chamber pacing and 42 (7.9%) in the group assigned to dual-chamber minimal ventricular pacing. The hazard ratio for development of persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with dual-chamber minimal ventricular pacing as compared with those with conventional dual-chamber pacing was 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.88; P=0.009), indicating a 40% reduction in relative risk. The absolute reduction in risk was 4.8%. The mortality rate was similar in the two groups (4.9% in the group receiving dual-chamber minimal ventricular pacing vs. 5.4% in the group receiving conventional dual-chamber pacing, P=0.54).Dual-chamber minimal ventricular pacing, as compared with conventional dual-chamber pacing, prevents ventricular desynchronization and moderately reduces the risk of persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with sinus-node disease. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00284830 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Promising Test Flags &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;BRCA&lt;/emph&gt; Mutations in Populations of Hispanic Women
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carcinoma In Situ of the Esophagus
Authors: Peter C. Sotus
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Although invasive carcinoma of the esophagus should theoretically begin as an in situ process, the latter is rarely seen in clinical practice. Two cases of carcinoma in situ of the esophagus were diagnosed at our institution. (<i>JAMA</i>239:335-336, 1978)
Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia
Authors: Stephen R. Newmark
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ONE of the most common disorders encountered in clinical medicine is abnormal potassium metabolism resulting in either hyperkalemia or hypokalemia. In a healthy person, potassium balance is a function of oral intake and renal excretion. On a normal daily oral intake of 40 to 100 mEq, the urinary potassium excretion varies between 40 and 90 mEq/24 hr. Only small amounts of potassium are normally excreted through sweating and fecal excretion; however, substantial potassium wasting can occur in cases of severe sweating or gastrointestinal disease (usually diarrhea, vomiting, or fistulae). The regulation of potassium excretion is dependent on renal function, total body potassium content, acid-base balance, delivery of sodium to the distal nephron, and mineralocorticoid secretion. Acidosis, decreased total body potassium content, decreased sodium delivery to the distal tubule, and mineralocorticoid insufficiency are associated with decreased potassium excretion. In contrast, alkalosis, increased total body potassium content, increased urinary sodium excretion, and
Medical Law in Wisconsin.
Authors: Gilbert E. Seaman
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Milwaukee, Oct. 26, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the article on "National Medical Legislation," by Dr. Greeley, in theJournal, October 23, the Secretary of the Wisconsin State Society is quoted to the effect that we have no efficient medical law in the State. That was undoubtedly true when Dr. Greeley got his information, but it is not true now. We have a law which has been in operation several months and is working well. The law established a State Board of Medical Examiners. A diploma from a recognized medical school or satisfactory examination before the Board is required. My impression is that Dr. Greeley's article is incorrect as regards Indiana. I am quite sure that this State also has recently enacted a very efficient law. Very truly yours,
Fatty streak formation occurs in human fetal aortas and is greatly enhanced by maternal hypercholesterolemia. Intimal accumulation of low density lipoprotein and its oxidation precede monocyte recruitment into early atherosclerotic lesions.
Authors: C Napoli, F P D'Armiento, F P Mancini, A Postiglione, J L Witztum, G Palumbo, W Palinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To determine whether oxidized LDL enhances atherogenesis by promoting monocyte recruitment into the vascular intima, we investigated whether LDL accumulation and oxidation precede intimal accumulation of monocytes in human fetal aortas (from spontaneous abortions and premature newborns who died within 12 h; fetal age 6.2+/-1.3 mo). For this purpose, a systematic assessment of fatty streak formation was carried out in fetal aortas from normocholesterolemic mothers (n = 22), hypercholesterolemic mothers (n = 33), and mothers who were hypercholesterolemic only during pregnancy (n = 27). Fetal plasma cholesterol levels showed a strong inverse correlation with fetal age (R = -0.88, P < 0.0001). In fetuses younger than 6 mo, fetal plasma cholesterol levels correlated with maternal ones (R = 0.86, P = 0.001), whereas in older fetuses no such correlation existed. Fetal aortas from hypercholesterolemic mothers and mothers with temporary hypercholesterolemia contained significantly more and larger lesions (758,651+/-87,449 and 451,255+/-37,448 micron2 per section, respectively; mean+/-SD) than aortas from normocholesterolemic mothers (61,862+/-9,555 micron2; P < 0.00005). Serial sections of the arch, thoracic, and abdominal aortas were immunostained for recognized markers of atherosclerosis: macrophages, apo B, and two different oxidation-specific epitopes (malondialdehyde- and 4-hydroxynonenal-lysine). Of the atherogenic sites that showed positive immunostaining for at least one of these markers, 58.6% were established lesions containing both macrophage/foam cells and oxidized LDL (OxLDL). 17.3% of all sites contained only native LDL, and 13.3% contained only OxLDL without monocyte/ macrophages. In contrast, only 4.3% of sites contained isolated monocytes in the absence of native or oxidized LDL. In addition, 6.3% of sites contained LDL and macrophages but few oxidation-specific epitopes. These results demonstrate that LDL oxidation and formation of fatty streaks occurs already during fetal development, and that both phenomena are greatly enhanced by maternal hypercholesterolemia. The fact that in very early lesions LDL and OxLDL are frequently found in the absence of monocyte/macrophages, whereas the opposite is rare, suggests that intimal LDL accumulation and oxidation contributes to monocyte recruitment in vivo.
Sulfonamides and Meningitis
Authors: W. Michael Scheld
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The article reprinted in this issue ofThe Journal<sup>1</sup>was recognized as a landmark study even at the time of its publication in 1937. Schwentker and colleagues reported their preliminary observations on the treatment of 11 patients with invasive meningococcal disease with a new compound, sulfanilamide. The results achieved (ten of 11 survived; 91% survival) were far superior to those obtained with the then-conventional antimeningococcal antisera therapy (survival, 15% to 70%, dependent on age). In addition, there were fewer adverse side effects with sulfanilamide; horse serum injections could be avoided. As a result, sulfonamides became the mainstay of therapy for serious meningococcal disease for more than three decades. <h3>Presulfonamide Treatment of Meningococcal Meningitis</h3> "Epidemic cerebrospinal fever" (meningococcal meningitis) was described in detail by Gaspard Vieusseux after an outbreak in Geneva in the spring of 1805. The etiologic agent was first isolated from purulent CSF by Weichselbaum in 1887. At
CASE OF SARCOMA OF THE FACE
Authors: R. J. Gladstone
Journal: BMJ (1902)

E BI r I33I i,ndex finger.Ih my absence Dr. Milne Murray ordered the application of the x rays and a cure was effected after three exposures.I have since learned indirectly that this sinus has reopened a little.It is possible there may be some bone present.It seems to me advisable, therefore, to record these two cases so that a further trial may be given to a form of treat- mnent now available in most large hospitals.
Serological Evidence of Infection with Respiratory Viruses in 1954-5
Authors: P. J. Wormald, L. M. Dowsett, J. H. C. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1956)

During routine diagnostic examination at the Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge, of sera from patients with acute upper respiratory infections, commonly designated "? virus pneumonia," it was noticed that .whenresults were plotted month by month they gave a clear index of the activity of various agents.In this report are described serological findings in patients who became ill during 1954 and 1955. Materials and MethodsThe majority of sera from Cambridge, of which 80% came from the Chest Clinic, were single specimens taken during the convalescent phase; those from Luton and Dunstable, of which nearly all came from the Chest Clinic, consisted of two specimens, one taken in con- valescence and the other two to four weeks later.All sera were tested for complement fixation with influenza A and B soluble antigens, Q fever antigen, and psitta- cosis-LGV antigen; and for agglutination with strepto- coccus MG.Standard methods were used, similar to those employed at the Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, whence all the antigens were obtained except for the Q fever antigen; this was supplied by Dr. M. G. P. Stoker.All tests were done by one of us (P.J. W.) except for sera from 78 patients in Luton and Dunstable between
URTICARIA PAPULOSA: WITH NOTES OF FOURTEEN CASES WITH UNUSUAL HISTORY
Authors: John Kinnear
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article URTICARIA PAPULOSA: WITH NOTES OF FOURTEEN CASES WITH UNUSUAL HISTORY Get access JOHN KINNEAR, M.D., M.R.C.P.ed. JOHN KINNEAR, M.D., M.R.C.P.ed. physician for Diseases of the Skin, Dundee Royal Infirmary; Lecturer in Diseases of the Skin, University of St. Andrews Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 2, 1 February 1933, Pages 65–68, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb10143.x Published: 01 February 1933
Rectal Biopsy in Patients With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Burton I. Korelitz
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Of 99 patients with Crohn's disease whose rectal segment appeared normal on sigmoidoscopy, there was histologic inflammation in 45% and features characteristic of Crohn's disease in 30% of rectal biopsy specimens. Granulomas were found in 18% of patients, including 13% of those with ileitis, 13% of those with ileocolitis, and 37% of those with colitis. Eleven of the 17 granulomas were small undermarcated microgranulomas. Rectal biopsy specimens are of value to confirm the diagnosis in Crohn's disease and to determine the state of clinical activity even when the sigmoidoscopic appearance is normal.
Association of large granular lymphocyte/natural killer cell proliferative disease and second hematologic malignancy
Authors: Renato Bassan, Alessandro Rambaldi, Paola Allavena, Mauro Abbate, Basilio Marini, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract We describe the first three patients with a large granular lymphocytosis/lymphocytic leukemia and another blood malignancy. In two, a myeloproliferative disorder developed soon after the diagnosis of abnormal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes‐natural killer (LGL‐NK) cells, a myelodysplastic syndrome evolving to acute leukemia and a Philadelphia‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. In these cases, LGLs expressed the phenotype of CD2 + NK and CD3 ‐ NK cells, respectively, and were clonal in the first patient as demonstrated by T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement study. In the third case, a similarly clonal excess of LGLs, phenotypically CD3 + NK cells, was detected following a diagnosis of B‐cell hairy‐cell leukemia. Clinically, the concurrence of LGL proliferation and other leukemia did not seem to confer a worse prognosis on the patients. Although an association by chance remains a possible explanation, a common origin from an altered precursor cell for both myeloid and LGL proliferations in the first two cases is discussed, whereas in the third it might be related to the severe immune derangement frequently observed in hairy‐cell leukemia.
Acetylcholinesterase, a key prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma, suppresses cell growth and induces chemosensitization
Authors: Yingjun Zhao, Xiaoying Wang, Tao Wang, Xin Hu, Xin Hui, Mingxia Yan, Qiang Gao, Taoyang Chen, Jinjun Li, Ming Yao, Dafang Wan, Jianren Gu, Jia Fan, Xianghuo He
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) plays important roles in the cholinergic system, and its dysregulation is involved in a variety of human diseases. However, the roles and implications of ACHE in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that ACHE was significantly down-regulated in the cancerous tissues of 69.2% of HCC patients, and the low ACHE expression in HCC was correlated with tumor aggressiveness, an elevated risk of postoperative recurrence, and a low survival rate. Both the recombinant ACHE protein and the enhanced expression of ACHE significantly inhibited HCC cell growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Further study showed that ACHE suppressed cell proliferation via its enzymatic activity of acetylcholine catalysis and degradation. Moreover, ACHE could inactivate mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidyl inositol-3'-phosphate kinase/protein kinase B pathways in HCC cells and thereby increase the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and lead to β-catenin degradation and cyclin D1 suppression. In addition, increased ACHE expression could remarkably sensitize HCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs (i.e., adriamycin and etoposide).For the first time, we describe the function of ACHE as a tumor growth suppressor in regulating cell proliferation, the relevant signaling pathways, and the drug sensitivity of HCC cells. ACHE is a promising independent prognostic predictor for HCC recurrence and the survival of HCC patients. These findings provide new insights into potential strategies for drug discovery and improved HCC treatment.