tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Payment for blood donations in Germany
Authors: F. Von Auer
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—John D Cash, in his letter about proposed payment for blood donors in Germany, says that a statement made by me at the congress of the International Society of Blood Transfusion in Amsterdam in July had given the impression that the German government was planning to introduce a system of payment for all blood donors and that this payment would be DM50 (pounds sterling20) per donation.1 This interpretation of my statement is wrong. What I said was: “In …
C1 Esterase Inhibitor Concentrate (C1-INH) for the Treatment of Acute Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema: Interim Results of an Ongoing, Prospective, Open Label Study in North America after 640 attacks (I.M.P.A.C.T.2)
Authors: R.L. Levy, R.L. Wasserman, A.K. Bewtra, D.H. Hurewitz, J.N. Moy, W.H. Yang, L.C. Schneider, F.R. Packer, S.L. Bahna, K.W. Jacobson, J. Offenberger, F. Eidelman, G. Janss, P.C. Kiessling, C.P. Peters, T.C. Craig
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Demonstration of opsonic activity and in vivo protection against group B streptococci type III by Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 antisera.
Authors: G W Fischer, G H Lowell, M H Crumrine, J W Bass
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The present studies demonstrate that antisera directed against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 is opsonic for group B streptococci type III in a neutrophile-mediated bactericidal assay. Specificity was demonstrated by the observations that group B streptococci type III and S. pneumoniae type 14 adsorbed the opsonic activity of anti-S. pneumoniae type 14 antisera. Group B streptococci strain 090R (devoid of type antigens) and S. pneumoniae type 3, did not remove the opsonic activity of anti-S. pneumoniae type 14 serum. In vivo studies using a suckling rat model of neonatal group B streptococcal type III sepsis demonstrated that antisera directed against S. pneumoniae type 14 was highly protective.
Impact of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) multiplex PCR with DNA macrocip based diagnosis on outcomes of severe pneumonia in ICU
Authors: Mrinal Sircar, Ravneet Kaur, Rajesh Gupta, Prashant Ranjan, Rajeev Tangri, Amit Gupta, Rohit Caroli, Neela Chavhan, Archita Joshi Bhatt, Shirin Naaz, Vibha Taneja, Sujeet Kumar, Mukta Singh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  To evaluate BAL multiplex PCR with DNA macrochip (Syndrome Evaluation System (SES), Xcyton Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., India) in etiological diagnosis of severe pneumonia and its impact on outcomes.   Method:  Bronchoscopic BAL in 25 (27 episodes) adult patients with severe pneumonia was tested by conventional culture methods (CC) and SES. Empirical antibiotics were modified based on the results. Index infection, ICU, hospital and 30 day outcomes were compared with matched controls.   Results:  BAL was obtained from 25 (27 episodes) study patients [mean±SD age 61.3±18.3 yrs] and 27 control patients [age 60.9±18.3 yrs]. There was no significant difference in the age (p=0.94), APACHE IV score (74.6±27.3 vs. 76.6±29; p=0.8) and predicted mortality (29±22.3 vs. 26.9±21.2; p=0.72), ICU length of stay (LOS) (p=0.49) and hospital LOS (p=0.73) between the groups. Mechanical ventilation was required for 26 episodes in study and 25 in controls.  In the study arm all BAL were positive by SES, 9 were sterile by CC and 18 were positive by both methods. SES missed 4 organisms picked up by CC. In controls 7/27 BAL were sterile by CC.  In the study arm there was significantly less time to antibiotic modification (p   Conclusions:  Multiplex PCR (SES) helps in early modification of empirical therapy but shows no impact on severe pneumonia outcome.
Physical activity behaviour and sedentary time in persons with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity
Authors: Helena Igelström, Margareta Emtner, Eva Lindberg, Pernilla Åsenlöf
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Physical activity has not only been proven to enhance health in the general population but is also related to the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Studies reporting physical activity level in persons with OSAS often use questionnaire but none has described the physical activity pattern using accelerometer.

Aim: The aim of the study was to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviours in a sample of persons with OSAS and obesity.

Methods: 35 persons (7 women) with moderate/severe OSAS (AHI ≥15) and obesity (mean BMI: 36.3) were enrolled in the study. They wore a three-axis accelerometer (Sensewear Armband) for five days. Measurements used were daily median for number of steps, minutes of physical activity above 3.0 METs (i.e moderate and vigorous intensity) and amount of time spent in sedentary (<1.0 METs). A visual analysis was made regarding number of 10-minute bouts of physical activity above 3.0 METs.

Results: Participants were sedentary for a daily median of 11 h 25 min (IQR 5:08). They took a median daily amount of 7121 steps (IQR 4945) and were physically active above 3.0 METs for a median of 54.4 min (IQR 63). The median number of 10-minute bouts of physical activity above 3.0 METs was 2.4 (IQR 3) and when calculating these bouts, only a median of 29.6 min (IQR 39) of physical activity above 3.0 METs was identified.

Conclusions: The participants' daily median of steps and minutes spent on at least moderate-intensity physical activity fairly well match the general recommendations. However, the results do not meet the recommendations set for physical activity in weight reduction, i.e 300 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity.
Oral and inhaled corticosteroids and adrenal insufficiency: a case-control study
Authors: K J Mortimer
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Adrenal insufficiency, a well recognised complication of treatment with oral corticosteroids, has been described in association with inhaled corticosteroid use in over 60 case reports. The risk of adrenal insufficiency in people prescribed an oral or inhaled corticosteroid in the general population is not known. A study was undertaken to quantify the association between adrenal insufficiency and oral and inhaled corticosteroid exposure. <b>Methods:</b> A case-control study was performed using computerised general practice data from The Health Improvement Network. <b>Results:</b> From a cohort of 2.4 million people, 154 cases of adrenal insufficiency and 870 controls were identified. There was a dose related increased risk of adrenal insufficiency in people prescribed an oral corticosteroid with an odds ratio of 2.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.5) per course of treatment per year. Adrenal insufficiency was associated with a prescription for an inhaled corticosteroid during the 90 day period before the diagnosis with an odds ratio of 3.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 5.9) and this effect was dose related (p for trend &lt;0.001). After adjusting for oral corticosteroid exposure, this odds ratio was reduced to 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.2) although the dose relation remained (p for trend 0.036). <b>Conclusion:</b> People prescribed an oral or inhaled corticosteroid are at a dose related increased risk of adrenal insufficiency although the absolute risk is small. This analysis suggests that the increased risk in people prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid is largely due to oral corticosteroid exposure, but inhaled corticosteroids may have an effect when they are taken at higher doses.
Some Properties of Uridine-Cytidine Kinase from a Human Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Nahed K. Ahmed, Arnold D. Welch
Journal: Cancer Research (1979)

Uridine-cytidine kinase has been partially purified from a malignant human lymphoma, and some of its properties have been described. The apparent Michaelis constants for uridine and adenosine 5′-triphosphate are 7 × 10−5 and 4 × 10−4 m, respectively. Maximal enzyme activity is observed between pH 6.5 and 8.5, and temperatures of incubation are observed between 37 and 42°. The enzyme requires Mg2+ for full enzymatic activity and exists in two isozymic forms, as indicated by isoelectric focusing and column chromatography on Sepharose 6B. The roles of these two isozymes, i.e. , the adult (I) and the embryonic (II) forms, are not yet clear; conceivably, however, they may have relevance to the problem of the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic analogs that require uridinecytidine kinase for their “activation.”

Potent inhibitors (pyrazofurin and N -phosphonacetyl-l-aspartic acid) of the biosynthesis de novo of uridine 5′-monophosphate have not inhibited significantly the growth of other than a relatively few experimental tumors. Most neoplastic cells also can derive their essential supplies of uridine 5′-monophosphate by one or another route, especially through the salvage of uridine and cytidine, as catalyzed by uridine-cytidine kinase. No effective inhibitor of this key enzyme in the salvage pathway has been reported. Among a variety of compounds (20 substances) so far examined by us for their possible ability to interfere with the phosphorylation of [5-3H]uridine by adenosine 5′-triphosphate, as catalyzed by uridine-cytidine kinase, none is a powerful inhibitor of this enzyme, although leads for future development have been obtained. In the meantime, information concerning the uridine-cytidine kinase activity of a variety of murine and human neoplasms (particularly of colorectal origin), as well as in normal tissues, is being expanded; these findings may contribute to the design and prospective syntheses of potential chemotherapeutic agents, functioning as inhibitor of the salvage of uridine and cytidine.
Abstract 1774: Emerging role of Smad7 in DNA damage response pathway as a positive regulator.
Authors: Sujin Park, Jin Muk Kang, Staci Jakyong Kim, Hyojung Kim, Seong-Jin Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The cellular response to DNA damage is essential in maintaining genomic stability. As DNA damage accumulates, the occurrence rate of cancer is significantly enhanced. Smad7 is known as an inhibitory Smad which negatively regulates TGF-β-induced signaling pathway. Smad7 is predominantly localized in the nucleus even without TGF-β stimulation. However, TGF-β-independent Smad7 function in the nucleus is still not clear. Here, we report Smad7 regulates DNA damage signaling in response to double-strand break induced by radiomimetic drug, neocarzinostatin (NCS). Smad7 overexpression accelerates DNA repair by enhancing phosphorylation of ATM and γH2AX, major DNA damage response signaling, after DNA damage. In Smad7−/− MEF cell, loss of Smad7 leads to failure of ATM phosphorylation and nuclear foci formation at the site of DNA damage upon NCS treatment. We show that Smad7 interacts with activated ATM/MRN complex and this interaction is significantly increased after DNA damage. Additionally, Smad7 co-localizes with pATM, MRN complex and γH2AX at the sites of DNA damage. Taken together, our data suggests that Smad7 plays a critical role in DNA damage response pathway through interaction with activated ATM. In this study, we reveal the de novo function of Smad7 in the nucleus. Citation Format: Sujin Park, Jin Muk Kang, Staci Jakyong Kim, Hyojung Kim, Seong-Jin Kim. Emerging role of Smad7 in DNA damage response pathway as a positive regulator. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1774. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1774
Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Reversal: The Risks
Authors: Andrei Keidar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The twin epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes are on the rise. From 1986 to 2000, the prevalence of BMI 30 kg/m2 doubled, whereas that of BMI >40 kg/m2 quadrupled, and even extreme obesity of BMI 50 kg/m2 increased fivefold (1). Of particular concern is the alarming increasing prevalence of obesity among children, suggesting that the epidemic will worsen (2). The impact of obesity on longevity has been well documented. In the world, over 2.5 million deaths annually can be attributed to obesity; in the U.S. alone over 400,000 deaths attributable to obesity occur per year—second only to those attributable to cigarette smoking. There is a direct relationship between increasing BMI and relative risk of dying prematurely, as evidenced in the Nurses’ Health Study with a 100% increase in relative risk as BMI increased from 19 to 32 kg/m2. Annual risk of death can be as high as 40-fold that of an age- and sex-matched nonobese cohort (3,4). The Framingham data revealed that for each pound gained between ages 30 and 42 years there was a 1% increased mortality within 26 years, and for each pound gained thereafter there was a 2% increased mortality. Only one in seven obese individuals will reach the U.S. life expectancy of 76.9 years. In the morbidly obese population, average life expectancy is reduced by 9 years in women and by 12 years in men.

It has been over 10 years since the resolution of type 2 diabetes was observed as an additional outcome of surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Moreover, it has been shown unequivocally that diabetes-related morbidity and mortality have declined significantly postoperatively, and this improvement in diabetes control is long lasting. Bypass procedures, the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and the biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), are …
The Problem of Spurious Correlations Between Pairs of Brain Metabolite Values Measured in the Same Voxel With Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Richard Maddock
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Health and Safety Risks of Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: John Fogarty
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction of angiotensin converting enzyme in the neointima after vascular injury. Possible role in restenosis.
Authors: H Rakugi, D K Kim, J E Krieger, D S Wang, V J Dzau, R E Pratt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Consistent with this, Ang II enhances neointimal proliferation in vivo after vascular injury, while angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors attenuate this process. Since tissue ACE plays a key role in the control of local Ang II production, we examined whether vascular injury resulted in an increase in vascular ACE expression that may result in increased Ang II production. Abdominal aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats were injured with a 2 French balloon catheter. Morphometrical changes, ACE enzymatic activity, and localization of ACE by immunohistochemistry in injured and uninjured aorta were analyzed. Vascular ACE activity in the injured aorta was significantly higher than in the uninjured aorta, while serum and lung ACE levels were not different between the two groups. The cellular distribution of the ACE protein in the neointima was similar to that of alpha smooth muscle actin but differed from those of endothelial (von Willebrand factor) or monocytes/macrophages (ED-1) markers, demonstrating that ACE was expressed in neointimal smooth muscle cells. These data demonstrate that vascular injury results in the induction of vascular ACE and suggest that the inhibition of vascular ACE may be important in the prevention of restenosis after balloon injury.
Management of severe community-acquired pneumonia of children in developing and developed countries
Authors: N. Principi, S. Esposito
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common, and recent data have shown that the number of children with severe CAP is increasing worldwide. Regardless of geographical area, severe cases are those at the highest risk of hospitalisation, prolonged hospitalisation and death, and therefore require prompt identification and the most effective treatment in order to reduce CAP-related morbidity and mortality. This review evaluates the available data concerning the diagnosis and treatment of severe and/or complicated cases of paediatric CAP in developed and developing countries. It also underlines the fact that any evidence-based recommendations require more research in various areas, including the aetiology of severe cases and the reasons for the complications, the better definition of first-choice antibiotic treatment and when surgery may be useful, and the role of chest physiotherapy.
Local BLyS production by T follicular cells mediates retention of high affinity B cells during affinity maturation
Authors: Radhika Goenka, Andrew H. Matthews, Bochao Zhang, Patrick J. O’Neill, Jean L. Scholz, Thi-Sau Migone, Warren J. Leonard, William Stohl, Uri Hershberg, Michael P. Cancro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

We have assessed the role of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and its receptors in the germinal center (GC) reaction and affinity maturation. Despite ample BLyS retention on B cells in follicular (FO) regions, the GC microenvironment lacks substantial BLyS. This reflects IL-21–mediated down-regulation of the BLyS receptor TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor) on GC B cells, thus limiting their capacity for BLyS binding and retention. Within the GC, FO helper T cells (TFH cells) provide a local source of BLyS. Whereas T cell–derived BLyS is dispensable for normal GC cellularity and somatic hypermutation, it is required for the efficient selection of high affinity GC B cell clones. These findings suggest that during affinity maturation, high affinity clones rely on TFH-derived BLyS for their persistence.
Relationships between the developmental potential of human in-vitro fertilization embryos and features describing the embryo, oocyte and follicle
Authors: R. Saith
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

This paper investigates the relationship of features of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos and the associated oocyte and follicle to the outcome of transfer. It differs from previous studies in including a range of features (n=53) and in using class probability tree analysis. This is a non-parametric multivariate method which expresses relationships as simple rules of features characterizing the 'take home baby' and 'no take home baby' (negative pregnancy test) classes of embryo batches. Data were analysed retrospectively. Fifty-three (embryo, oocyte and follicular) features for each of the three embryos in the transferred batch were collected for 200 IVF patients. Each batch of three embryos was described by a representative value for each feature. The relationship between features and outcome of transfer was analysed. Only four of the 53 features were identified as predictive. However, an appropriate combination of these four (embryo grade, cell number, follicle size and follicular fluid volume) achieved satisfactory predictivities while offering a simplified and more quantitative basis than regularly used criteria. The key component of the composite embryo grading allotted by embryologists turned out to be cell number. The existing predictive use of follicular size was corroborated and an independent additional predictive contribution of follicular fluid volume was found. The study also suggests that the 49 remaining features have little additional predictive value. Keywords:embryo quality/follicle/IVF/oocyte/outcome prediction
Biliary excretion of enterokinase in rats: studies in alcoholic rats with fatty liver.
Authors: D A Grant, T R Terry, J Hermon-Taylor
Journal: Gut (1983)

Ethanol-associated fatty liver was induced in rats fed a nutritionally deficient liquid diet containing 36% of total calories as ethanol. Control rats received the same diet with sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. After 40 days, hepatic lipid content of the ethanol-maintained animals was four-fold greater than controls and ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes were well established. Clearance of intravenously administered human enterokinase from the circulation as well as bile flow were, however, the same in both groups. The proportion of enterokinase appearing in catalytically active form in bile after intravenous injection was substantially greater in the ethanol-maintained animals than the isocaloric controls; the difference was highly significant (p less than 0.001) and reached two- to four-fold after 70 days on the diet. These findings would suggest that the ability of hepatocytes to degrade enterokinase cleared from the blood may be bypassed or impaired by prolonged ethanol consumption and a deficient diet. Catalytically active enterokinase in bile may participate in the development of some types of acute necrotising pancreatitis.
Treatment of end stage chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction by subtotal enterectomy and home parenteral nutrition.
Authors: M M Mughal, M H Irving
Journal: Gut (1988)

Three cases are described of end stage chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction successfully treated by subtotal enterectomy and home parenteral nutrition (HPN). In all three patients prior use of drugs to stimulate gastrointestinal motility, antibiotics to suppress bacterial overgrowth and surgical bypass of dilated bowel had failed to alleviate the symptoms of chronic intestinal obstruction. Similarly parenteral nutrition combined with restriction of oral intake, although improving nutrition did not relieve symptoms. The treatment of end stage chronic pseudo-obstruction should relieve intestinal obstruction and correct nutritional deficiency. In our experience this is best achieved by subtotal enterectomy, restoration of continuity by end-to-end anastomosis and total parenteral nutrition.