tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and Predictive Role of Lactate Dehydrogenase 5 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with PTK787/ZK 222584 (Vatalanib) Antiangiogenic Therapy
Authors: Michael I. Koukourakis, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Efthimios Sivridis, Kevin C. Gatter, Tanja Trarbach, Gunnar Folprecht, Michael M. Shi, David Lebwohl, Tarja Jalava, Dirk Laurent, Gerold Meinhardt, Adrian L. Harris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The Colorectal Oral Novel therapy For the Inhibition of angiogenesis and Retarding of Metastases (CONFIRM)-randomized trials, investigating the role of the VEGF-receptor inhibitor PTK787/ZK 222584 (vatalanib) in colorectal cancer (FOLFOX 4 ± vatalanib), showed some benefit in patients with high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Here, we investigated the expression of LDH5 (encoded entirely by the LDHA gene, regulated by the hypoxia inducible factors) in cancer tissues from patients recruited in the CONFIRM trials and relationship to response.Paraffin-embedded materials from 179 patients recruited in the CONFIRM trials were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of the LDH5 protein. Correlations with serum LDH, response, and survival were assessed.A significant association of tumor burden and of poor performance status (PS) with serum LDH was noted. Poor PS and high tumor LDH5 expression predicted for poor response rates. High tissue LDH5 was related to poor progression-free survival (PFS) only in the placebo group of patients, whereas the addition of vatalanib seemed to improved response and PFS in this subgroup. High serum LDH levels were linked with significantly poorer overall survival, which however was not sustained in multivariate analysis.Serum LDH and tissue LDH5 levels are complementary features that help to characterize the activity of LDH in colorectal cancer and have a potent value in predicting response to chemotherapy. The addition of vatalanib diminished the impact of LDH expression on the prognosis of patients.
Clearance mechanisms of the aperistaltic oesophagus: the "pump gun" hypothesis
Authors: R Tutuian
Journal: Gut (2005)

We describe the pattern of oesophageal pressure changes noted during high resolution manometry in a patient with achalasia. Our data indicate that longitudinal muscle contraction of the oesophagus is the major mechanism responsible for emptying the oesophageal contents against a poorly relaxing lower oesophageal sphincter. This phenomenon may enable patients with achalasia to empty the oesophagus and thus to relieve discomfort and maintain an adequate nutritional status.

Achalasia (Greek for “lack of relaxation”) is a primary oesophageal motility disorder characterised by the absence of oesophageal peristalsis due to damages of the myenteric plexus. Typically, patients with achalasia report difficulties in swallowing both liquids and solids (dysphagia) but young patients may initially complain of chest pain and regurgitation. These patients have mostly normal endoscopy (that is, no food retention) and initially do not loose weight, which leads to a delay in establishing this diagnosis.

Clearance of the aperistaltic oesophagus of patients with achalasia is thought to occur passively …
Suicide Attempts Associated With Externalizing Psychopathology in an Epidemiological Sample
Authors: Edelyn Verona, Natalie Sachs-Ericsson, Thomas E. Joiner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Borrowing from recent dimensional models of psychopathology, the authors conducted analyses that optimized the common variance shared by internalizing (depression, anxiety) and externalizing (antisocial personality, substance dependence) disorders in statistically predicting suicidal behaviors. These relationships were analyzed in a large epidemiological sample, thus allowing for the examination of gender differences in risk for suicide attempts associated with psychopathology.The data were obtained from the Colorado Social Health Survey. Participants (N=4,745) were a community sample recruited by household address. Structured clinical interviews were used to obtain lifetime diagnostic and symptom count information. Symptom counts were included in a factor analysis that yielded two main dimensions of psychopathology: internalizing and externalizing. These factors were used in hierarchical logistic regression analyses to predict history of suicide attempts associated with the presence of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and comorbid internalizing and externalizing symptoms.After the investigators controlled for the presence of internalizing symptoms and the comorbidity of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms were related to suicidal behavior in both men and women, although comorbidity was most predictive of suicide attempts among women, compared to men.Suicidal behavior among individuals with externalizing symptoms is not necessarily a result of comorbid depressive or other internalizing disorder. Thus, persons exhibiting antisocial behaviors should receive rigorous assessment for suicidal ideation and behavior.
Bilateral stress fractures of the ulnae in a Kendo (Japanese fencing) player.
Authors: T Sujino, T Ohe, M Shinozuka
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

A case of bilateral stress fractures of the ulnae in a Kendo (Japanese fencing) player is reported; the mechanism of the fractures, particularly the difference in the site of fracture between the right and left ulna, is discussed.
Analysis of Rare Amino Acid Replacements Supports the Coelomata Clade
Authors: I. B. Rogozin, Y. I. Wolf, L. Carmel, E. V. Koonin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

The recent analysis of a novel class of rare genomic changes, RGC_CAMs (after conserved amino acids—multiple substitutions), supported the Coelomata clade of animals as opposed to the Ecdysozoa clade (Rogozin et al. 2007). A subsequent reanalysis, with the sequences from the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis included in the set of outgroup species, suggested that this result was an artifact caused by reverse amino replacements and claimed support for Ecdysozoa (Irimia et al. 2007). We show that the internal branch connecting the sea anemone to the bilaterian animals is extremely short, resulting in a weak statistical support for the Coelomata clade. Direct estimation of the level of homoplasy, combined with taxon sampling with different sets of outgroup species, reinforces the support for Coelomata, whereas the effect of reversals is shown to be relatively minor.
Different lengths of treatment with co-trimoxazole for acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women.
Authors: T. A. Trienekens, E. E. Stobberingh, R. A. Winkens, A. W. Houben
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To compare three days' and seven days' treatment with co-trimoxazole in women with acute dysuria, strangury, and urinary frequency or urgency.Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial.General practices in the south east of The Netherlands.327 Non-pregnant female patients aged 12 to 65.161 Women were allocated to three days' treatment (co-trimoxazole 960 mg twice a day), and 166 women were allocated to seven days' treatment (co-trimoxazole 960 mg twice a day).Resolution of symptoms at one, two, and six weeks.The rates for resolution of symptoms were not significantly different between the two groups. Cumulative rates of recurrence after three days' and seven days' treatment were 31/139 (22%) and 23/151 (15%) respectively six weeks after entry (p = 0.16). Adverse effects occurred in a quarter of women given three days' treatment compared with a third of women receiving seven days' treatment (p = 0.29). In only two patients did adverse effects necessitate stopping treatment.Three days of co-trimoxazole seems to be as effective as a seven days' course for treating acute urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women.
Are C-reactive protein levels associated with bacteria in COPD exacerbations?
Authors: Marc Miravitlles, Carl Llor
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

We have read with interest the article by Clark et al. [1] about the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and microbial aetiology in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study provides interesting new data about the role of viruses in exacerbations and their association with increased levels of CRP. However, the authors found that only 51% of the exacerbations had an infectious origin and, furthermore, they indicate that the bacterial detection rate was low and was not associated with CRP levels. We believe that some aspects need to be taken into account when interpreting these results. Conclusions about the lack of association between bacterial COPD exacerbation and CRP are difficult to interpret <http://ow.ly/KeJSH>
Albumin microbubbles can be targeted to activated neutrophils in vivo: application to assessment of the neutrophils infiltration pattern produced by ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Isao Kondo, Koji Ohmori, Akira Oshita, Hiroto Takeuchi, Kaori Shinomiya, Yang Yu, Yuichiro Takagi, Kazushi Yukiiri, Yoshihiro Wada, Katsufumi Mizushige, Masakazu Kohno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Hepatitis C virus eradication associated with hepatitis B virus superinfection and development of a hepatitis B virus specific T cell response
Authors: Norbert H Gruener, Maria-Christina Jung, Axel Ulsenheimer, Tilman J Gerlach, Helmut M Diepolder, Carl A Schirren, Robert Hoffmann, Martin Wächtler, Markus Backmund, Gerd R Pape
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Managing casualties of war
Authors: J M Ryan, P Beale
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - We cannot agree with Robin M Coupland's suggestion that military medical forces and their medical planners, working for the United Nations under a humanitarian mandate, should abandon their traditional military approach to managing the casualties of war for an epidemiological one. Two dissimilar situations are being equated to obtain a single doctrine. This will not work.

The driving force for the military is to evacuate casualties from the front line as …
Demonstration of Philadelphia chromosome negative abnormal clones in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia during major cytogenetic responses induced by imatinib mesylate
Authors: M E O'Dwyer, K M Gatter, M Loriaux, B J Druker, S B Olson, R E Magenis, H Lawce, M J Mauro, R T Maziarz, R M Braziel
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Bowel Dysfunction in Wolfram Syndrome
Authors: Zhi Liu, Ryuji Sakakibara, Tomoyuki Uchiyama, Tatsuya Yamamoto, Takashi Ito, Shoichi Ito, Yusuke Awa, Takeo Odaka, Taketo Yamaguchi, Takamichi Hattori
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Bowel dysfunction is a common problem in patients with metabolic/neurological disorders and ranges from constipation and intestinal pseudo-obstruction to intractable fecal incontinence. However, the mechanism of it remains not entirely clear, although the bowel dysfunction severely affects the quality of life in the patients.

Here, we report on a 32-year-old man with clinically diagnosed Wolfram syndrome (WFS), which is thought to be caused by a WFS1 gene mutation that encodes wolframin , an endoplasmic reticulum calcium channel in neurons and pancreatic β-cells. He also presented with severe …
LARVAE OF THE CHERRY FRUIT FLY, RHAGOLETIS CINGULATA, AS A PSEUDOPARASITE
Authors: M. W. Lyon
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The case of pseudoparasitism here recorded occurred in a boy, aged 22 months. The child is normal in every way. His mother is intelligent, very attentive to him, and carefully supervises his eating; at least, that is her intention. About Aug. 1, 1924, she noticed worms in the child's stool and consulted Dr. Milo K. Miller of this city. The rather scant stool in which the worms were found was submitted to me for examination. I removed from it six fly larvae, one cherry pip, and a small red bead. Three of the larvae were well preserved, but appeared dead. The other three showed the effects of their passage through the human alimentary canal. The larvae were submitted to the Bureau of Entomology of the United States Department of Agriculture for identification. Mr. F. C. Bishop of that bureau reported that they had been identified by Mr. C. T. Green
Pre-hospital Coronary Care Service
Authors: G. F. Gearty, N. Hickey, G. J. Bourke, R. Mulcahy
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The Dublin cardiac ambulance service operates two specially-equipped ambulances from a private ambulance station; five metropolitan hospitals provide coronary care beds on a rota system. The service covers an area of 450 square miles (1,165 sq km) and a population of 800,000. The ambulances are staffed solely by trained ambulance personnel. During the first three years 1,973 patients were transported to hospital. Primary ventricular fibrillation was encountered in 20 patients and successfully treated in 17. No deaths occurred in the ambulance. Over 98% of the patients were transferred uneventfully to hospital, so a medical team from the hospital on duty was called on 30 occasions only. A feature of the Dublin service is the low cost of a standard ambulance call, at about £7·50.
Letter: E-F slope without "a" wave.
Authors: J A Levisman
Journal: Circulation (1976)

report interesting data on echocardiographic changes with cardiac tamponade.I think, however, that the authors are not in a position to comment on the variation in mitral diastolic slope because they did not measure the E-F slope correctly.The F point of the echocardiogram of the anterior mitral leaflet precedes the mitral "a" wave and it is seen only when there is a distinct "a" wave or when diastole is long enough so the rapid and slow filling phases are evident.With sinus tachycardia there is shortening of diastole and fusion of the "a" wave with the E point, the F point is no longer seen, and the E-F slope is not obtainable.In figures 1, 2, 4 and 5 the "a" wave is inter- mittently seen, most likely due to slight changes in heart rate, which are not obvious at that paper speed, or in beam angulation.
IgE stimulates human and mouse arterial cell apoptosis and cytokine expression and promotes atherogenesis in Apoe–/– mice
Authors: Jing Wang, Xiang Cheng, Mei-Xiang Xiang, Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen, Jian-An Wang, Han Chen, Aina He, Xinghui Sun, Yan Lin, Ting-Ting Tang, Xin Tu, Sara Sjöberg, Galina K. Sukhova, Yu-Hua Liao, Daniel H. Conrad, Lunyin Yu, Toshiaki Kawakami, Petri T. Kovanen, Peter Libby, Guo-Ping Shi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

IgE has a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic responses through its ability to activate mast cells via the receptor FcεR1. In addition to mast cells, many cell types implicated in atherogenesis express FcεR1, but whether IgE has a role in this disease has not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that serum IgE levels are elevated in patients with myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris. We found that IgE and the FcεR1 subunit FcεR1α were present in human atherosclerotic lesions and that they localized particularly to macrophage-rich areas. In mice, absence of FcεR1α reduced inflammation and apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques and reduced the burden of disease. In cultured macrophages, the presence of TLR4 was required for FcεR1 activity. IgE stimulated the interaction between FcεR1 and TLR4, thereby inducing macrophage signal transduction, inflammatory molecule expression, and apoptosis. These IgE activities were reduced in the absence of FcεR1 or TLR4. Furthermore, IgE activated macrophages by enhancing Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) activity. Inactivation of NHE1 blocked IgE-induced macrophage production of inflammatory molecules and apoptosis. Cultured human aortic SMCs (HuSMCs) and ECs also exhibited IgE-induced signal transduction, cytokine expression, and apoptosis. In human atherosclerotic lesions, SMCs and ECs colocalized with IgE and TUNEL staining. This study reveals what we believe to be several previously unrecognized IgE activities that affect arterial cell biology and likely other IgE-associated pathologies in human diseases.
The Acute and Chronic Effects of Alcohol on the Myocardium.
Authors: Vernon E. Wendt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965The Acute and Chronic Effects of Alcohol on the Myocardium.Vernon E. Wendt, M.D. (Associate), Clyde Wu, M.D., Roger Ajluni, M.D., Thomas A. Bruce, M.D., Ananda S. Prasad, M.D., Richard J. Bing, M.D., F.A.C.P.Vernon E. Wendt, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Clyde Wu, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roger Ajluni, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Thomas A. Bruce, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ananda S. Prasad, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard J. Bing, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1068_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChronic and acute effects of alcohol on the myocardium were studied in 28 patients who ranged from 24 to 65 years of age. None showed any clinical evidence of malnutrition or vitamin deficiency. After a thorough clinical history and physical examination, chest X rays, electrocardiograms, and selected liver function studies were performed. This permitted clinical classification into those patients with or without cirrhosis and the presence or absence of cardiomyopathy. Studies were performed in the postabsorptive state, and no patient was premedicated. Right heart intracardiac measurements, systemic pressures, and cardiac outputs were determined. Coronary sinus intubation was done, and in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Detroit, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEffects of Ethanol on Nutritional Status 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1068-1068KeywordsAlcoholsCardiomyopathiesCirrhosisElectrocardiographyHeartIntubationLiverMalnutritionMyocardiumThorax Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract A74: The chemoattractant chemerin suppresses melanoma by recruiting natural killer cell antitumor defenses.
Authors: Russell Pachynski, Brain Zabel, Justin Monnier, Andrew Gentles, Christina Swanson, Holbrook Kohrt, Husein Hadeiba, Ash Alizadeh, Eugene Butcher
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Infiltration of specialized immune cells regulates the growth and survival of neoplasia. Here, in a survey of public whole genome expression datasets we found that the gene for chemerin, a widely expressed endogenous chemoattractant protein, is down-regulated in melanoma as well as other human tumors. Moreover, high chemerin messenger RNA expression in tumors correlated with improved outcome in human melanoma. In experiments using the B16 transplantable mouse melanoma, tumor-expressed chemerin inhibited in vivo tumor growth without altering in vitro proliferation. Growth inhibition was associated with an altered profile of tumor-infiltrating cells with an increase in natural killer (NK) cells and a relative reduction in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and putative immune inhibitory plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Tumor inhibition required host expression of CMKLR1 (chemokine- like receptor 1), the chemoattractant receptor for chemerin, and was abrogated by NK cell depletion. Intratumoral injection of chemerin also inhibited tumor growth, suggesting the potential for therapeutic application. Preliminary data in other adenocarcinoma tumor types (eg breast) show similar results, supporting broad applicability of such an approach. These results show that chemerin, whether expressed by tumor cells or within the tumor environment, can recruit host immune defenses that inhibit tumorigenesis and suggest that down-regulation of chemerin may be an important mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Citation Format: Russell Pachynski, Brain Zabel, Justin Monnier, Andrew Gentles, Christina Swanson, Holbrook Kohrt, Husein Hadeiba, Ash Alizadeh, Eugene Butcher. The chemoattractant chemerin suppresses melanoma by recruiting natural killer cell antitumor defenses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A74.
Infections in Heroin Addicts
Authors: Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The social and economic effects of heroin on the users and on the population at large are immense. Many people are discussing the problems and too little is being done. That the real and final solution is social and political might properly put discussion out of the scope of this editorial, but in the more strictly medical sense there is a great deal of progress in our understanding of the disease of heroin addiction and the complications that come from it. There are increasing reports of infectious disease complications in addicts and users; part of this is undoubtedly due to the increased awareness of physicians in large city hospitals where most patients are seen. It is also due to a real increase in less common complications. The range of orthodox infectious complications of heroin usage has been well reviewed<sup>1,2</sup>and broadly includes those associated with the contaminated material itself,
Focus: Sydney Aboriginal housing: abandon hope all ye who enter
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Any town or city dwellers can expect that the house they move into will be adequately supplied with sewers, water, power, and garbage disposal. The West Australian Supreme Court decision establishes that local Aborigines can have no such expectation. Contrast this with the perception, fanned by populist politicians, that Aborigines are “privileged” by being provided with such housing as government handouts.

A further dent in the image of Australia as being in the forefront of civilised nations came from last week's US State Department report on international human rights. This stated, “Indigenous Australians continue …
Non-ABCDE hepatitis: IS there another enterically transmitted hepatitis virus?
Authors: Eric E. Mast, Michael A. Purdy
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Many epidemics of water-borne hepatitis have occurred throughout India. These were thought to be epidemics of hepatitis A until 1980, when evidence for an enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis was first reported. Subsequently, hepatitis E virus was discovered and most recent epidemics of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis have been attributed to hepatitis E virus infection. However, only a limited number of cases have been confirmed by immuno electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, or seroconversion. In the present study we have performed a retrospective seroepidemiologic study of 17 epidemics of water-borne hepatitis in India. We have confirmed that 16 of the 17 epidemics were caused at least in part by serologically closely related hepatitis E viruses. However, one epidemic, in the Andaman Islands, and possibly a significant minority of cases in other epidemics, appears to have been caused by a previously unrecognized hepatitis agent.
Immune reconstitution to cytomegalovirus after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: impact of host factors, drug therapy, and subclinical reactivation
Authors: Morgan Hakki, Stanley R. Riddell, Jan Storek, Rachel A. Carter, Terry Stevens-Ayers, Patrick Sudour, Kristen White, Lawrence Corey, Michael Boeckh
Journal: Blood (2003)
Quality, Innovation, and Value for Money
Authors: Steven D. Pearson, Michael D. Rawlins
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was established as a part of the British National Health Service in 1999 to set standards for the adoption of new health care technologies and the management of specific conditions. In doing so it was required explicitly to take into account both clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This article describes how NICE has responded to the challenge and considers whether its experience of balancing quality, innovation, and value for money holds policy lessons for the United States.