tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Management of Chemical Coping in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Egidio Del Fabbro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Chemical coping is a working definition that describes patients' intake of opioids on a scale that spans the range between normal nonaddictive opioid use for pain all the way to opioid addiction. Most patients will fall somewhere between the two extremes in using opioid analgesics to cope with their psychological or spiritual distress. The degree to which patients use their medications in a maladaptive manner will determine their susceptibility to drug toxicity and harm. When there are no obvious cancer-related causes for increased pain intensity, chemical coping and other patient-related factors such as delirium, somatization, and depression should be considered. As part of the initial evaluation of patients with cancer-related pain, a brief screening tool such as the CAGE questionnaire should be used to identify patients who may be at risk for chemical coping. Identifying patients at risk will allow clinicians to avoid unnecessary opioid toxicity, control pain, and improve quality of life. A structured approach for managing opioid use should be adopted, including standardized documentation, opioid treatment agreements, urine drug screens, frequent visits, and restricted quantities of breakthrough opioids. All patients at risk should receive brief motivational interviewing with an objective, nonjudgmental, and empathic style that includes personalized feedback, particularly about markers of risk or harm. For chemical copers approaching the addiction end of the spectrum, with evidence of compulsive use and destructive behavior, referral should be made to substance abuse specialists.
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 overexpression induces gastric dysplasia through expansion of stromal myofibroblasts and epithelial progenitors
Authors: Wataru Shibata, Hiroshi Ariyama, Christoph Benedikt Westphalen, Daniel L Worthley, Sureshkumar Muthupalani, Samuel Asfaha, Zinaida Dubeykovskaya, Michael Quante, James G Fox, Timothy C Wang
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), the main ligand for CXCR4, is overexpressed in human cancer. This study addressed the precise contribution of SDF-1 to gastric carcinogenesis. <h3>Design</h3> SDF-1 transgenic mice were created and a <i>Helicobacter</i>-induced gastric cancer model was used in combination with H/K-ATPase-IL-1β mice. Gastric tissue was analysed by histopathology and cells isolated from the stomach were analysed by molecular biological methods. <h3>Results</h3> Analysis of the H/K-ATPase/SDF-1 transgenic (SDF-Tg) mice showed that SDF-1 overexpression results in significant gastric epithelial hyperproliferation, mucous neck cell hyperplasia and spontaneous gastric dysplasia (wild-type mice 0/15 (0%) vs SDF-Tg mice 4/14 (28.6%), p=0.042, Fisher exact test) but has minimal effects on inflammation. SDF-Tg mice also showed a dramatic expansion of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and CXCR4-expressing gastric epithelial cells in the progenitor zone, both of which preceded the development of significant gastritis or dysplasia. Gremlin 1-expressing mesenchymal stem cells, the putative precursors of myofibroblasts, were also increased within the dysplastic stomachs of SDF-Tg mice and showed chemotaxis in response to SDF-1 stimulation. SDF-1 overexpression alone resulted in minimal recruitment of haematopoietic cells to the gastric mucosa, although macrophages were increased late in the disease. When SDF-Tg mice were crossed with H/K-ATPase-IL-1β mice or infected with <i>Helicobacter felis</i>, however, there were dramatic synergistic effects on recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells and progression to preneoplasia. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis can contribute to early stages of carcinogenesis primarily through recruitment of stromal cells and modulation of the progenitor niche.
Epigenetic Modulation of Estrogen Receptor-α by pRb Family Proteins: A Novel Mechanism in Breast Cancer
Authors: Marcella Macaluso, Micaela Montanari, Paul Bart Noto, Valter Gregorio, Christian Bronner, Antonio Giordano
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) plays a crucial role in normal breast development and has also been linked to mammary carcinogenesis and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. However, ER-α gene expression can change during the course of disease and, consequently, therapy resistance can occur. The molecular mechanism governing ER-α transcriptional activity and/or silencing is still unclear. Here, we showed that the presence of a specific pRb2/p130 multimolecular complex on the ER-α promoter strongly correlates with the methylation status of this gene. Furthermore, we suggested that pRb2/p130 could cooperate with ICBP90 (inverted CCAAT box binding protein of 90 kDa) and DNA methyltransferases in maintaining a specific methylation pattern of ER-α gene. The sequence of epigenetic events for establishing and maintaining the silenced state of ER-α gene can be locus- or pathway- specific, and the local remodeling of ER-α chromatin structure by pRb2/p130 multimolecular complexes may influence its susceptibility to specific DNA methylation. Our novel hypothesis could provide a basis for understanding how the complex pattern of ER-α methylation and transcriptional silencing is generated and for understanding the relationship between this pattern and its function during the neoplastic process. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7731–7]
Smoothened Variants Explain the Majority of Drug Resistance in Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Scott X. Atwood, Kavita Y. Sarin, Ramon J. Whitson, Jiang R. Li, Geurim Kim, Melika Rezaee, Mina S. Ally, Jinah Kim, Catherine Yao, Anne Lynn S. Chang, Anthony E. Oro, Jean Y. Tang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
First Things First
Authors: Patrick G. O’Malley
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Effects on the immune system associated with living near a pesticide dump site.
Authors: M F Vine, L Stein, K Weigle, J Schroeder, D Degnan, C K Tse, C Hanchette, L Backer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In this paper, we report results of the second phase of a larger study designed to evaluate the effects on the immune system of living near a Superfund site containing organochlorine pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and metals. Phase II was conducted to determine whether living near the site, consisting of six locations in Aberdeen, North Carolina, is associated with higher plasma organochlorine levels, immune suppression, or DNA damage. Each of 302 residents of Aberdeen and neighboring communities provided a blood specimen, underwent a skin test, and answered a questionnaire. Blood specimens were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, immune markers, and micronuclei. Of 20 organochlorines tested, only DDE was detected in the blood of participants (except for one individual). Age-adjusted mean plasma DDE levels were 4.05 ppb for Aberdeen residents and 2.95 ppb (p = 0.01) for residents of neighboring communities. Residents of 40-59 years of age who lived within a mile of any site, but particularly the Farm Chemicals site, had higher plasma DDE levels than residents who lived farther away. Residents who lived near the Farm Chemicals site before versus after 1985 also had higher plasma DDE levels. Overall, there were few differences in immune markers between residents of Aberdeen and the neighboring communities. However, residents who lived closer to the dump sites had statistically significantly lower mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative activity than residents who lived farther away (p < 0.05). Residential location was not consistently associated with frequency of micronuclei or skin test responses. Although some statistically significant differences in immune markers were noted in association with residential location, the magnitude of effects are of uncertain clinical importance.
Preliminary Report on Mass Vaccination of Man with Live Attenuated Poliomyelitis Virus in the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi
Authors: G. Courtois, A. Flack, G. A. Jervis, H. Koprowski, G. Ninane
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Council's Committee on Protection against Ionizing Radiations, and we should like to record our indebtedness to the chairman, Dr. J. F. Loutit, and the'other members of the subcommittee.We would like to
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine in women aged 24–45 years: a randomised, double-blind trial
Authors: Nubia Muñoz, Ricardo Manalastas, Punee Pitisuttithum, Damrong Tresukosol, Joseph Monsonego, Kevin Ault, Christine Clavel, Joaquin Luna, Evan Myers, Sara Hood, Oliver Bautista, Janine Bryan, Frank J Taddeo, Mark T Esser, Scott Vuocolo, Richard M Haupt, Eliav Barr, Alfred Saah
Journal: The Lancet (2009)
Lymphoma and other malignancies in primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: S R Pillemer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Low peripheral CD4+ counts or low CD4+/CD8+ ratios may be important risk factors for lymphoma in SS

Theander et al break new ground with the observation that a low CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio is a risk factor for the development of B cell lymphoma in Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) in a longitudinal population based study.1 Also, while the incidence of lymphoma is substantially increased in their patients with SS over that in the general population, it is not as high that described in an initial report in a highly selected population. This increased risk of developing lymphoma was seen only in patients who met the American European classification criteria (AECC) for SS.2 Additionally, Theander et al found that purpura or skin vasculitis, and low C3 and low C4 are associated with the development of haematological malignancy.1 Interestingly, while indolent lymphomas (often of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type) are more commonly reported in SS, Theander et al found that 58% in their cohort had high grade, diffuse large B cell lymphomas.1 A strength of their study is the use of the Swedish health registers to provide population based data and the availability of a well characterised population of patients with SS.

An intriguing, incidental, and tenuous observation, which will require further investigation, is that a history of skin cancer may increase the risk of later developing lymphoma in patients with SS. The interpretation of these findings is discussed here.

The findings of Theander et al 1 regarding risk factors for B cell lymphomas in SS2 raise interesting questions.

### Why are patients with SS more prone to B cell lymphomas?

In part, the answer relates to the clinical characteristics of the disease, and that lymphocytes, including B cells, are important in SS. SS has been described as an autoimmune exocrinopathy or epitheliitis.3 Lymphocytic infiltration of the …
A Bispecific Antibody-IFNα2b Immunocytokine Targeting CD20 and HLA-DR Is Highly Toxic to Human Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Edmund A. Rossi, Diane L. Rossi, Rhona Stein, David M. Goldenberg, Chien-Hsing Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The short circulating half-life and side effects of IFNα affect its dosing schedule and efficacy. Fusion of IFNα to a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (MAb-IFNα) can enhance potency due to increased tumor localization and improved pharmacokinetics. We report the generation and characterization of the first bispecific MAb-IFNα, designated 20-C2-2b, which comprises two copies of IFNα2b and a stabilized F(ab)2 of hL243 (humanized anti–HLA-DR; IMMU-114) site-specifically linked to veltuzumab (humanized anti-CD20). In vitro, 20-C2-2b inhibited each of four lymphoma and eight myeloma cell lines, and was more effective than monospecific CD20-targeted MAb-IFNα or a mixture comprising the parental antibodies and IFNα in all but one (HLA-DR−/CD20−) myeloma line, suggesting that 20-C2-2b should be useful in the treatment of various hematopoietic malignancies. 20-C2-2b displayed greater cytotoxicity against KMS12-BM (CD20+/HLA-DR+ myeloma) compared with monospecific MAb-IFNα, which targets only HLA-DR or CD20, indicating that all three components in 20-C2-2b could contribute to toxicity. Our findings indicate that a given cell's responsiveness to MAb-IFNα depends on its sensitivity to IFNα and the specific antibodies, as well as the expression and density of the targeted antigens. Cancer Res; 70(19); 7600–9. ©2010 AACR.
Ensuring implementation success: how should coach injury prevention education be improved if we want coaches to deliver safety programmes during training sessions?
Authors: Peta E White, Leonie Otago, Natalie Saunders, Maria Romiti, Alex Donaldson, Shahid Ullah, Caroline F Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Coaches play a major role in encouraging and ensuring that participants of their teams adopt appropriate safety practices. However, the extent to which the coaches undertake this role will depend upon their attitudes about injury prevention, their perceptions of what the other coaches usually do and their own beliefs about how much control they have in delivering such programmes. Fifty-one junior netball coaches were surveyed about incorporating the teaching of correct (safe) landing technique during their delivery of training sessions to junior players. Overall, &gt;94% of coaches had strongly positive attitudes towards teaching correct landing technique and &gt;80% had strongly positive perceptions of their own control over delivering such programmes. Coaches’ ratings of social norms relating to what others think about teaching safe landing were more positive (&gt;94%) than those relating to what others actually do (63–74%). In conclusion, the junior coaches were generally receptive towards delivering safe landing training programmes in the training sessions they led. Future coach education could include role modelling by prominent coaches so that more community-level coaches are aware that this is a behaviour that many coaches can, and do, engage in.
Psoriatic arthritis: performance of rheumatologists in daily practice
Authors: S Gorter, D M F M van der Heijde, S van der Linden, H Houben, J-J Rethans, A J J A Scherpbier, C P M van der Vleuten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objectives: To assess, using standardised patients (SPs), how rheumatologists diagnose psoriatic arthritis, whether the diagnostic efficiency is influenced by specific characteristics of the rheumatologists, and to study the relationship with costs. Methods: Twenty three rheumatologists were each visited by one of two SPs (one male, one female) presenting as a patient with psoriatic arthritis. SPs remained incognito for all meetings for the duration of the study. Immediately after the encounter, SPs completed case-specific checklists on the medical content of the encounter. Information on ordered laboratory and imaging tests was obtained from each hospital. Results: Fourteen rheumatologists diagnosed psoriatic arthritis correctly. They inspected the skin for psoriatic lesions more often than those rheumatologists who established other diagnoses. Rheumatologists diagnosing psoriatic arthritis spent more on additional laboratory and imaging investigations. These were carried out after the diagnosis to confirm it and to record the extent and severity of the disease. No differences in type of practice, number of outpatients seen each week, working experience, or sex were found between rheumatologists who made the correct diagnosis and those who made other diagnoses. The correct diagnosis was more often missed by rheumatologists who saw the male SP, who presented with clear distal interphalangeal DIP joint arthritis only, causing confusion with osteoarthritis of the DIP joints. Conclusion: There is a considerable amount of variation in the delivery of care among rheumatologists who see an SP with psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatologists focusing too much on the most prominent features (DIP joint arthritis) sometimes seem to forget "the hidden (skin) symptoms".
Transcriptional Control of Dendritic Cell Development
Authors: Theresa L. Murphy, Gary E. Grajales-Reyes, Xiaodi Wu, Roxane Tussiwand, Carlos G. Briseño, Arifumi Iwata, Nicole M. Kretzer, Vivek Durai, Kenneth M. Murphy
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2016)

The dendritic cells (DCs) of the immune system function in innate and adaptive responses by directing activity of various effector cells rather than serving as effectors themselves. DCs and closely related myeloid lineages share expression of many surface receptors, presenting a challenge in distinguishing their unique in vivo functions. Recent work has taken advantage of unique transcriptional programs to identify and manipulate murine DCs in vivo. This work has assigned several nonredundant in vivo functions to distinct DC lineages, consisting of plasmacytoid DCs and several subsets of classical DCs that promote different immune effector modules in response to pathogens. In parallel, a correspondence between human and murine DC subsets has emerged, underlying structural similarities for the DC lineages between these species. Recent work has begun to unravel the transcriptional circuitry that controls the development and diversification of DCs from common progenitors in the bone marrow.
Which papers are most interesting to the readers of ? Information from download monitoring
Authors: D GARCIADORADO, K SCHLUTER, E MARTINSON, H PIPER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Measuring the diffusion and impact of scientific papers is a difficult task with many potential applications. In recent years, download monitoring has emerged as a new tool that can help serve this purpose.

Currently, virtually all of the most prominent scientific journals have electronic versions that may be accessed over the Internet, and while journals that are exclusively electronic still have a very limited impact no matter how it is measured, electronic access has become an increasingly important method of diffusion of scientific papers as compared to classical, mail-distributed printed issues.

Monitoring of downloads permits an estimation of the number of readers attracted by an individual article, something that was not possible when diffusion was based only on hard-copy mailing. It is clear that simply reading an article is different from finding new and useful information in it that may contribute to subsequent scientific production, which is what the ISI impact factor aims to measure. It is also clear that download monitoring ignores the readers who obtain their articles as printed copies only. Nevertheless, download monitoring has the advantage of providing immediate information, something that any index based on citations cannot provide. We may take it now as an “interest factor” for our electronically published manuscripts. Unfortunately, this parameter can easily be spoiled, e.g., if authors become aware of download monitoring and start downloading their own articles.

We have analyzed downloads of articles published in Cardiovascular Research between June, 2003, and June, 2004. The number of times any individual article was downloaded during the 90 days following its online publication was counted, and articles were ranked according to this number. Analysis of this ranking provides a clear indication about the preferences of our readership. It must be stressed that, in principle, readers decide to download an article before having seen … 

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 641 99 47 242; fax: +49 641 99 47 209.
Predominant Role of the 9-Hydroxy Metabolite of Risperidone in Elevating Blood Prolactin Levels
Authors: Rikus Knegtering, Pepijn Baselmans, Stynke Castelein, Fokko Bosker, Richard Bruggeman, Robert J. van den Bosch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

The atypical antipsychotic risperidone significantly raises plasma prolactin levels in patients, but clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine do not. The differences in neuroendocrine response may be connected with the metabolism of the medications. The authors examined the contributory role of risperidone's active metabolite 9-hydroxy-risperidone by measuring plasma concentrations of risperidone, 9-hydroxy-risperidone, and prolactin.Blood samples taken from 25 patients with psychotic disorders following 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone (mean dose=3 mg/day) were examined. Mean plasma concentrations of risperidone, 9-hydroxy-risperidone, and prolactin were 4.6, 19.4, and 49.3 ng/ml, respectively.The oral dose of risperidone correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of risperidone, 9-hydroxy-risperidone, active moiety, and prolactin. The plasma concentration of 9-hydroxy-risperidone, but not of risperidone, correlated significantly with increases in plasma prolactin.These data suggest that the 9-hydroxy metabolite plays a predominant role in risperidone's effect on prolactin release.
Direct comparison of the diagnostic yield of ultrasound-assisted Abrams and Tru-Cut needle biopsies for pleural tuberculosis
Authors: C. F. N. Koegelenberg, C. T. Bolliger, J. Theron, G. Walzl, C. A. Wright, M. Louw, A. H. Diacon
Journal: Thorax (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> Tuberculous pleuritis remains the commonest cause of exudative effusions in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and histological and/or microbiological confirmation on pleural tissue is the gold standard for its diagnosis. Uncertainty remains regarding the choice of closed pleural biopsy needles. <h3>Objectives</h3> This prospective study compared ultrasound-assisted Abrams and Tru-Cut needle biopsies with regard to their diagnostic yield for pleural tuberculosis. <h3>Methods</h3> 89 patients (54 men) of mean±SD age 38.7±16.7 years with pleural effusions and a clinical suspicion of tuberculosis were enrolled in the study. Transthoracic ultrasound was performed on all patients, who were then randomly assigned to undergo ≥4 Abrams needle biopsies followed by ≥4 Tru-Cut needle biopsies or vice versa. Medical thoracoscopy was performed on cases with non-diagnostic closed biopsies. Histological and/or microbiological proof of tuberculosis on any pleural specimen was considered the gold standard for pleural tuberculosis. <h3>Results</h3> Pleural tuberculosis was diagnosed in 66 patients, alternative diagnoses were established in 20 patients and 3 remained undiagnosed. Pleural biopsy specimens obtained with Abrams needles contained pleural tissue in 81 patients (91.0%) and were diagnostic for tuberculosis in 54 patients (sensitivity 81.8%), whereas Tru-Cut needle biopsy specimens only contained pleural tissue in 70 patients (78.7%, p=0.015) and were diagnostic in 43 patients (sensitivity 65.2%, p=0.022). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Ultrasound-assisted pleural biopsies performed with an Abrams needle are more likely to contain pleura and have a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity for pleural tuberculosis.