tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Recruitment Strategies for a Mammographic Screening Program to Detect Breast Cancer
Authors: S. F. Hurley, D. J. Jolley, P. M. Livingston, D. Reading, J. Cockburn, D. Flint-Richter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background and Purpose : Since effective and affordable recruitment methods are essential for widespread implementation of mammorgraphic screening for detection of breast cancer, we studied the effectiveness, the costs, and the cost-effectiveness of various recruitment strategies in the population targeted by a pilot Australian program that offered free mammography screening between 1988 and 1990. Methods : We evaluated three public recruitment strategies—local newspaper articles, community promotion, and promotion to physicians—and five personal strategies—invitation letters with or without specified appointment times, either alone or with a follow-up letter, or telephone call to nonattenders. The effectiveness of public recruitment strategies was estimated from monthly attendance rates by Poisson regression analysis, while the probability of attendance in response to personal strategies was calculated using logistic regression analysis. Costs were determined by resource usage studies. The cost-effectiveness ratios for personal strategies were determined using decision analysis. Results : The costs in 1988–1989 Australian dollars per woman recruited were $22 for local newspaper articles and $106 for community promotion. No detectable increase in attendance resulted from promotion to physicians. When the cost of reserving an appointment was considered, the most cost-effective personal recruitment strategy was an invitation letter without a specified appointment time, followed by a second letter to nonattenders. This strategy recruited 35.6% of women in the sample targeted and cost $10.52 per attendee. In comparison, the most effective personal recruitment strategy was a letter with a specified appointment time followed by a second letter to nonattenders, which recruited 44.1% of women at an average cost of $19.99 and a marginal cost of $59.71 per additional attendee. Conclusions : Personal recruitment strategies were more cost-effective than public strategies. The most cost-effective personal strategy was an invitation letter without a specified appointment time, followed by a second letter to nonattenders. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 855–863, 1992]
Malabsorption of Vitamin B12 in Diabetic Patients Treated with Phenformin: A Comparison with Metformin
Authors: G. H. Tomkin
Journal: BMJ (1973)

An investigation into B<sub>12</sub> absorption in diabetic patients on long-term phenformin therapy was undertaken and the results were compared to a similar investigation previously reported in diabetics on long-term metformin. Forty-six per cent of patients were found to have B<sub>12</sub> malabsorption as shown by abnormal results of Schilling tests. The mechanism of B<sub>12</sub> malabsorption is unknown but it is suggested that all patients on long-term phenformin therapy should, like the patients on metformin, have annual serum B<sub>12</sub> estimations until the results of a longer follow-up series are known.
Activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in infiltrating macrophages by endocannabinoids mediates beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tony Jourdan, Grzegorz Godlewski, Resat Cinar, Adeline Bertola, Gergő Szanda, Jie Liu, Joseph Tam, Tiffany Han, Bani Mukhopadhyay, Monica C Skarulis, Cynthia Ju, Myriam Aouadi, Michael P Czech, George Kunos
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
339. Long-Term Protein Transduction Domain Mediated Intra-Cellular Delivery of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) Corrects PNP Deficiency in Mice
Authors: Ana Toro, Eyal Grunebaum
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Rationale: Purine nucleoside phsophorylase (PNP) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that is important in purine degradation and salvage pathways. PNP deficiency results in severe immune dysfunction accompanied often with systemic and neurological abnormalities. Currently there is no effective treatment for PNP deficiency. Several methods to correct this disorder are being evaluated including gene transfer and the use of protein transduction domains (PTD). PTD are short peptides that transport molecules across cell membranes. The ability to replace a missing intracellular enzyme by exogenous attachment to PTD and frequent administration of the fusion protein has not been determined.
RELATIVE EEEECTIVENESS OE DIFFERENT CLASSES OE FUNGICIDES AGAINST PITYROSPORUM OV ALE
Authors: JANET BROTHERTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article RELATIVE EEEECTIVENESS OE DIFFERENT CLASSES OE FUNGICIDES AGAINST PITYROSPORUM OV ALE Get access JANET BROTHERTON JANET BROTHERTON Unilever Research Laboratory, London Road, Isleworth, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 11, 1 November 1968, Pages 749–752, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11939.x Published: 01 November 1968 Article history Accepted: 08 May 1968 Published: 01 November 1968
Transendothelial exchange of low-density lipoprotein is unaffected by the presence of severe atherosclerosis
Authors: K KORNERUP, B NORDESTGAARD, T JENSEN, B FELDTRASMUSSEN, J EIBERG, K JENSEN, J JENSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that transendothelial exchange of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is influenced by the presence of severe atherosclerosis; we previously found this exchange elevated in diabetes patients. Methods: By an in vivo isotope method, we compared transendothelial LDL exchange in 24 patients with angiographically verified coronary atherosclerosis, 11 patients with angiographically verified peripheral atherosclerosis, 60 patients with diabetes, and in 42 controls. Autologous 131-iodinated LDL (131I-LDL) and 125-iodinated albumin (125I-albumin) were injected intravenously (i.v.), and the 1-h fractional escape rates (FERLDL and FERalb) were taken as indices of transendothelial exchange. Results: Patients with coronary or peripheral atherosclerosis had FERLDL similar to that of controls [4.3 (3.5–5.1) and 3.2 (2.3–4.1) versus 4.2 (3.7–4.7)%/h; P>0.05], even after adjustment for LDL distribution volume (DVLDL). In contrast, diabetes patients had significantly higher FERLDL than controls [5.2 (4.6–5.7) versus 4.2 (3.7–4.7)%/h; P<0.05]. This difference was even more pronounced after correction for the distribution volume of LDL. Compared with controls, FERalb was not elevated in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, possibly elevated in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis, but was elevated in diabetes patients. There was a tight positive correlation between FERLDL and FERalb in all groups of patients and controls. Conclusion: Transendothelial exchange of low-density lipoprotein is not elevated in patients having severe atherosclerosis. This suggests that the observed vascular leakiness in diabetes precedes and possibly contributes to accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes.
Abstract 2743: Triapine sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to platinum drugs and PARP inhibitors
Authors: Z. Ping Lin, Elena S. Ratner, Alan C. Sartorelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Triapine (3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone) is a ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor that is 1000-times more potent than clinically-used hydroxyurea. Consisting primarily of R2 and R1 subunits during the S phase of the cell cycle, RNR catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the production of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) required for DNA synthesis. Triapine chelates iron to form the triapine-Fe complex that quenches the tyrosyl radical at the R2 subunit and leads to enzymatic inactivation. In recent phase I and II trials, treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer with triapine in combination with cisplatin and radiation was well tolerated and produced high durable complete clinical responses in patients. This promising combination therapy may be attributable to the inhibitory effects of triapine on the repair of cisplatin- and radiation-induced DNA damage. However, the exact DNA repair mechanisms modulated by triapine remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of ovarian cancer cells with triapine prompts rapid and prolonged depletion of dATP/dNTP pools, which in turn leads to formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and inhibition of DNA synthesis in S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, we show that treatment with triapine results in enhanced sensitization of BRCA-proficient (wild-type) ovarian cancer cells to platinum drugs (cisplatin and carboplatin) and the PARP inhibitor olaparib. Both platinum drugs and PARP inhibitors indirectly cause DSBs which require BRCA1- and BRCA2-dependent homologous recombination (HR) to repair. Collectively, these results suggest that triapine acts to abrogate replicative DNA synthesis and post-replication repair, thereby deterring HR repair of DSBs caused by platinum drugs and other DNA damaging modalities. While 70% of ovarian cancer patients initially respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority of these patients will develop recurrent cancer resistant to the platinum drugs. Emergence of platinum-resistant cancer populations may be associated with increasing proficiency of cancer cells to employ HR to repair DNA damage. Given that, our findings provide the rationale for the use of triapine to enhance the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors, and potentially eradicate platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2743. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2743
The genotypes of HCV in the general population of a northern Italian town
Authors: G. Maggi, S. Armitano, M. Cairo, G. Galvani, D. Gola, E. Marmondi, S. Passarella, G. Perricone, M. Posca, PG. Vegezzi, C. Vergani, G. De Leo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Diastolic murmurs in the presence of Starr-Edwards mitral prosthesis.
Authors: R A Schaffer, J H McAnulty, A Starr, S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Diastolic murmurs associated with the Starr-Edwards mitral prosthesis have not been described previously. In this report, five patients with mitral prostheses are described in whom apical mid-diastolic and presystolic murmurs resulted from two different causes. Three patients had clots obstructing the prosthetic orifice. The other two had normally functioning protheses and moderately severe aortic insufficiency. The occurrence of mid-diastolic and presystolic murmurs in the presence of a normally functioning prosthetic mitral valve demonstrates that 1) the mid-diastolic Austin Flint murmur can occur in the absence of incomplete mitral valve opening, premature mitral valve closure, vibrating mitral leaflets, or relative mitral stenosis and 2) the presystolic Austin Flint murmur can occur in the absence of incomplete valve opening or presystolic mitral regurgitation. However, the presystolic murmur was associated with early closure movement of the presthetic poppet.
Psychological Adjustment to IDDM: 10-Year Follow-Up of an Onset Cohort of Child and Adolescent Patients
Authors: Alan M Jacobson, Stuart T Hauser, John B Willett, Joseph I Wolfsdorf, Ramona Dvorak, Leanna Herman, Mary De Groot
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychological adjustment of young adults with IDDM in comparison with similarly aged individuals without chronic illness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An onset cohort of young adults (n = 57), ages 19–26 years, who have been followed over a 10-year period since diagnosis, was compared with a similarly aged group of young adults identified at the time of a moderately severe, acute illness (n = 54) and followed over the same 10-year period. The groups were assessed at 10-year follow-up in terms of 1) sociodemographic indices (e.g., schooling, employment, delinquent activities, drug use), 2) psychiatric symptoms, and 3) perceived competence. In addition, IDDM patients were examined for longitudinal change in adjustment to diabetes. RESULTS The groups differed only minimally in terms of sociodemographic indices, with similar rates of high school graduation, post-high school education, employment, and drug use. The IDDM group reported fewer criminal convictions and fewer non-diabetes-related illness episodes than the comparison group. There were no differences in psychiatric symptoms. However, IDDM patients reported lower perceived competence, with specific differences found on the global self-worth, sociability, physical appearance, being an adequate provider, and humor subscales. The IDDM patients reported improving adjustment to their diabetes over the course of the 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the young adults with IDDM appeared to be as psychologically well adjusted as the young adults without a chronic illness. There were, however, indications of lower self-esteem in the IDDM patients that could either portend or predispose them to risk for future depression or other difficulties in adaptation.
Epidemiology of Nonbacterial Pneumonia Among Naval Recruits
Authors: Lloyd F. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Studies of an epidemic of acute respiratory disease and pneumonia in September through November, 1961, indicated a high degree of association of Type 4 adenovirus with both diseases. Incidence of the diseases was positively correlated with the number of Naval recruits entering training. Routine injection of nonrespiratory-disease vaccines accentuated the incidence, whereas penicillin prophylaxis did not. The pneumonia rate was highest among recruits from the northern US, but was not related to previous urban or rural residence. Clinically and epidemiologically the pneumonia was similar to that reported previously as having affected military recruits in the US and the United Kingdom.
Infliximab for the treatment of psoriasis in Greece: 4 years of clinical experience at a single centre
Authors: C. Antoniou, I. Stefanaki, A. Stratigos, E. Moustou, T. Vergou, P. Stavropoulos, G. Avgerinou, D. Rigopoulos, A.D. Katsambas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe psoriasis. Clinical experience with long‐term infliximab therapy for psoriasis is accumulating, and it is therefore important to share our experience with its use in real‐life clinical practice. Objectives To report our experience with infliximab (Remicade®; Schering Plough, Kenilworth, NJ, U.S.A.) for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (and/or arthritis) from a single clinic in Greece. Patients and methods Between August 2004 and March 2008, 62 patients presenting to our clinic with moderate to severe psoriasis were treated with infliximab. Disease phenotype, clinical course, disease severity and adverse events were assessed throughout the treatment period. Results Infliximab resulted in a reduction of median Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) of 70% at week 6 and 84·4% at week 14. Nineteen patients who have completed 1 year on infliximab treatment experienced sustained efficacy with a median PASI improvement of 92·16% and a Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) of ‘clear’ or ‘almost clear’, while nine patients have reached approximately 20 months of continuous therapy. All patients with psoriatic arthritis showed marked improvement in their clinical symptoms following the first infusion. Eight patients (12·9%) experienced adverse events that required discontinuation of treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in PASI and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores between patients with arthritis and those with only skin lesions, or between those who received methotrexate, either from the beginning or during infliximab therapy, and those who did not receive methotrexate at all. Selected patients of interest are discussed. Conclusions The above data confirm previous reports that treatment with infliximab is an efficacious and safe option for patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (and/or arthritis). Long‐term follow‐up, continued pharmacovigilance, and controlled comparative studies will be required to fully evaluate its use in the treatment of psoriasis.
THE GREAT THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF A RATIONAL ADAPTATION OF CATHARTICS TO THE PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYSTEM.
Authors: E. D. McDANIEL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The skin or external integument may at first thought seem to constitute a much greater surface than the more hidden part known as the internal integument, but the latter really represents much the greater area. This is due to the smaller number, size and depth of the openings and duplicatures existing on the skin for absorbent, secretory and excretory purposes, while the internal integument possesses much more numerous and larger duplicatures, with more numerous, larger and longer glandular and absorbent structures. The part of the internal integument that pertains to the respiratory system being excepted, the remainder, reaching from the margin of the lips to the verge of the anus, constitutes, with its appertaining or collatitious viscera, what is designated in this paper ''the gastro-intestinal system.'' By function is to be understood a work or process accomplished in a living part by the operation of chemical, mechanical and vital laws.
Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: D. M. Milewicz, C. E. Seidman
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Fifty years ago, cardiovascular genetics simply did not exist. Genetics was a nascent field of basic research, with little apparent relevance to cardiovascular science or any other medical subspecialty. Today, cardiovascular genetics is a discipline that fully integrates high-technology laboratory investigation and clinical medicine. From this hybrid have emerged discoveries that have precisely identified the cause of heretofore “idiopathic” disorders, provided fundamental insights into disease processes, and delineated subtypes in well-defined pathologies. Insights from these discoveries uproot traditional anatomic classifications of disease and integrate cell physiology and molecular biochemistry into the study of pathology. For researchers, practitioners, and patients alike, cardiovascular genetics is having a growing impact on the definition and diagnosis of disease, the explanation of prognosis, and the expansion of treatments.

While appreciating the progress that cardiovascular genetics has achieved, one must be mindful of antecedent and seminal discoveries in the broader field of genetics that enabled the birth and growth of the molecular era. By the mid 1900s, Mendel’s theory of inheritance was proven, the segregation and assortment of chromosomes during meiosis was recognized, the linear arrangement of genes on chromosomes was appreciated, and recombination frequency was accepted as an accurate assessment for the distances between genes.1 Even the potential for assigning genetic traits to specific chromosomes through the study of human inheritance was appreciated: familial transmission of color blindness and hemophilia was correctly interpreted to indicate genes encoded on the X chromosome.2 3 

Any review of the critical developments that fostered the birth of cardiovascular genetics must acknowledge the enormous contributions made by clinicians, patients, and families. For advances in genetics to become relevant to clinical cardiology, the heritable nature of cardiovascular disease needed to be recognized. This recognition was gained through case reports, descriptions of the familial aggregation of diseases, and epidemiological studies, …
Successful Early Treatment of Subadventitial Rupture of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: A. R. C. Dobell, E. A. MacNaughton, E. F. Crutchlow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

TRAUMATIC rupture of the aorta has remained largely a pathological curiosity seen on postmortem examination of accident victims. Despite the "lucid" interval that is often present between injury and death successful operations have heretofore been limited to the late treatment of posttraumatic aneurysms. Successful early treatment depends on an awareness of the possibility of this condition in any serious injury and the interpretation of serial radiographs of the chest in that light. Operation should only be undertaken with a pump available so that a bypass from the left atrium to the femoral or iliac artery can be established . . .
Sporadic Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: Frederick L. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The first case of Legionnaires' disease recognized in Pennsylvania since the Philadelphia epidemic of 1976 was that of a 53-year-old emphysematous man who had extensive unilateral pneumonia accompanied by high fever, hypoxemia, and disorientation. His illness progressed despite treatment with cephalothin, but he recovered coincident with the administration of gentamicin and erythromycin. The diagnosis was established serologically by a 32-fold rise in antibody titer to the agent of Legionnaires' disease. Similar illness did not affect others in his community, and infection in four family members was excluded clinically and serologically.