tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The distribution of α6β4 integrins in lesional and non-lesional skin in bullous pemphigoid
Authors: V.A. VENNING, J. ALLEN, J.D. APLIN, G. KIRTSCHIG, F. WOJNAROWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The alpha 6 beta 4 integrin is associated ultrastructurally with the hemidesmosomes of the basal keratinocytes and with the bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA), suggesting an important role in adhesion of epidermal cells to the basement membrane. Using an immunofluorescence technique with chain-specific monoclonal antibodies to the alpha and beta subunits we have investigated the distribution of the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin in normal skin (n = 3) and in BP skin (uninvolved, perilesional and lesional) [n = 11]). The findings have been compared with other types of subepidermal blisters and with normal skin split by chemical means (n = 2) and by suction (n = 2). The distribution of alpha 6 beta 4 integrin was compared with that of bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA) and with other basement membrane zone (BMZ) macromolecules, laminin, collagen type IV, collagen type VII and the BM600 antigen. In uninvolved, perilesional and early pre-blistered lesional BP skin the distribution of both the alpha 6 and beta 4 integrin subunits, BPA laminin, collagen types IV and VII and the BM600 antigen was identical to normal skin, i.e. a linear band in the BMZ. Within BP blisters, both alpha 6 and beta 4 integrin subunits and BPA were absent, except in two blisters in which the integrin expression was retained in the blister roof, despite loss of BPA. The other BMZ components were expressed on the blister floor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inner dynein arm defects causing primary ciliary dyskinesia: repeat testing required
Authors: C. O'Callaghan, A. Rutman, G. M. Williams, R. A. Hirst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) results in chronic nasal symptoms and chest disease leading to bronchiectasis. We noted a number of patients referred for diagnostic testing whose initial results suggested PCD due to an inner dynein arm or radial spoke defect but in whom no abnormality was found on retesting. The present study was an audit of all patients referred for PCD diagnostic testing over a 3-yr period whose initial electron microscopy (EM) and beat pattern analysis suggested an inner dynein arm or radial spoke defect. 21 patients referred for diagnostic testing for PCD suspected of an inner dynein arm defect and six suspected of a radial spoke defect on initial EM and beat pattern analysis had repeat testing performed. On repeat testing, five patients initially suspected of an inner dynein arm defect and one with a radial spoke defect had normal EM and beat pattern, leading to the initial diagnosis being questioned. Patients suspected of PCD due to an inner dynein arm defect or radial spoke defect should have the diagnosis reassessed if it has been based on only one diagnostic sample.
Anti–β-Amyloid Treatment May Need to Be Started Early
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Loss of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Imprinting and the Presence of Screen-Detected Colorectal Adenomas in Women
Authors: K. Woodson, A. Flood, L. Green, J. A. Tangrea, J. Hanson, B. Cash, A. Schatzkin, P. Schoenfeld
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Loss of imprinting (LOI) of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) may be an inherited epigenetic trait that is polymorphic in the population, and its presence may predispose an individual to the development of colorectal cancer. We evaluated the association between LOI of IGF-II in normal colonic mucosal samples and adenomas in women participating in a colonoscopy screening study. Among 40 participants, 11 (27.5%) had LOI of IGF-II in their normal colonic mucosal tissue. After adjusting for body mass index and family history of colorectal cancer, LOI status was associated with a fivefold increased risk of adenoma formation (odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.0 to 26.7). On average, IGF-II expression was more than threefold higher among women with LOI of IGF-II than among women with normal imprinting status. Our findings support the hypothesis that LOI of IGF-II is an epigenetic trait polymorphic in the population and suggest that LOI of IGF-II may play a role in colorectal cancer. These findings are intriguing and need to be confirmed in larger studies.
Cardiovascular risk markers are increased in HIV-infected children with lipodystrophy syndrome
Authors: María Guzmán-Fulgencio, Dariela Micheloud, Raquel Lorente, Jose María Bellón, María Isabel de José Gomez, María Dolores Gurbindo, Juan Antonio León, María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández, Salvador Resino
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Bubble cells
Authors: M Graber, B Lane, R Lamia, E Pastoriza-Munoz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

The urinary sediment was examined by light microscopy in 65 consecutive inpatients with renal insufficiency (not due to pre- or postrenal factors) referred to a nephrology consult service for evaluation. In the 60 patients in whom a single diagnosis was reached, the sediments of 34 (57%) contained an easily recognized cell, which we have called the "bubble cell". These cells were bizarre, large cells with a single nucleus, which appeared to contain one or more fluid-filled vesicles. Bubble cells were most prevalent in the sediment of patients with acute tubular necrosis but were also seen a variety of other renal diseases. In most patients with acute tubular necrosis, the sediment also contained "normal"-appearing renal tubular cells, muddy brown casts, and oval fat bodies which were indistinguishable from those seen in the nephrotic syndrome. By electron microscopy, the bubble cells appeared to be vacuolated renal tubular epithelial cells, which had characteristics of viable cells. Most bubble cells excluded the vital dye Trypan blue, whereas the normal-appearing renal tubular cells were typically strongly positive. It was concluded that bubble cells, often accompanied by oval fat bodies, are commonly present in the sediment of patients with acute tubular necrosis as well as many other types of renal disease. Most cells which would be classified as "normal" renal tubular cells in these sediments are dead. In contrast, the findings suggest that the bubble cell represents an injured but viable renal tubular cell. The frequent finding of oval fat bodies in the same sediments suggests that the oval fat body is also produced by tubular cell injury.
A SPLINT FOR THE TREATMENT OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS INVOLVING THE SHOULDER-JOINT
Authors: J. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1917)

war experience in which we employed almost exclusively and with satisfaction plaster-of-Paris dressings, tlhat, except in the occasional case, equally good, perhaps better, results may be obtained by tlle use of the Thomas and Jones splints.Tlle suggestions made in this note are in no way modi- fications of these splints, but only adaptations wllich may possibly be found to increase their usefulness.
A comparative effectiveness study of adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab in biologically naive and switched rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from the US CORRONA registry
Authors: Jeffrey D Greenberg, George Reed, Dennis Decktor, Leslie Harrold, Daniel Furst, Allan Gibofsky, Ralph DeHoratius, Mitsumasa Kishimoto, Joel M Kremer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Purpose</h3> To compare the effectiveness of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents in biologically naive and 'switched' rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> RA patients enrolled in the CORRONA registry newly prescribed adalimumab (n=874), etanercept (n=640), or infliximab (n=728) were stratified based on previous anti-TNF use. Clinical effectiveness at 6, 12 and 24 months was examined using the modified American College of Rheumatology response criteria (mACR20/50/70) and achievement of remission (28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI)) in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The persistence of anti-TNF treatment was examined using Cox proportional hazard models. <h3>Results</h3> Among 2242 patients (1475 biologically naive, 767 switchers), mACR20, 50 and 70 responses were similar (p&gt;0.05) for adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab at all time points, as were rates of CDAI and DAS28 remission (p&gt;0.05). Response and remission outcomes were consistently inferior for switched versus biologically naive patients. The adjusted OR for achieving an mACR20 response was 0.54 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.76) in first-time switchers and 0.42 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.78) in second-time switchers versus biologically naive patients at 6 months. The adjusted OR for achieving DAS28 remission were 0.29 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.58) for first-time switchers and 0.26 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.84) for second-time switchers. Persistence was higher in biologically naive patients, for whom persistence was highest with infliximab. <h3>Conclusions</h3> No differences in rates of drug response or remission were observed among the three anti-TNF. Infliximab was associated with greater persistence in biologically naive patients. Response, remission and persistence outcomes were diminished for patients who switched anti-TNF.
Paralog-Specific Kinase Inhibition of FGFR4: Adding to the Arsenal of Anti-FGFR Agents
Authors: Leisl M. Packer, Pamela M. Pollock
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract Summary: In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Hagel and colleagues report the design and the in vitro and in vivo activity of a novel, irreversible, paralog-specific kinase inhibitor of FGFR4, BLU9931. This compound binds covalently to a cysteine residue in the hinge region of FGFR4 but not in FGFR1–3. BLU9931 induces tumor shrinkage in hepatocellular carcinoma models that express a functioning ligand/receptor complex consisting of FGF19/FGFR4/KLB and adds to a growing list of anti-FGFR4 agents. Cancer Discov; 5(4); 355–7. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Hagel et al., p. 424
Canine Ventricular KCNE2 Expression Resides Predominantly in Purkinje Fibers
Authors: Marc Pourrier, Stephen Zicha, Joachim Ehrlich, Wei Han, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Mutations in minK-related peptide 1 (MiRP1), the product of the KCNE2 gene, have been associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmia syndromes related to impaired repolarization. MiRP1 interacts with a variety of ion-channel alpha-subunits, dysfunction of which could account for arrhythmia syndromes; however, the observation of very low-level expression of MiRP1 in ventricular tissue has led to doubts about its relevance. The specialized His-Purkinje system plays a key role in cardiac electrophysiology and is an important contributor to ventricular arrhythmias related to abnormal repolarization. We examined the relative abundance of MiRP1 in canine Purkinje versus ventricular tissue and found much greater expression at both mRNA and protein levels in Purkinje tissue. Thus, the cardiac Purkinje system is a strong candidate to play a role in arrhythmic syndromes due to MiRP1 abnormalities.
Does calmodulin play a functional role in phototransduction?
Authors: Mark P. Gray-Keller, Peter B. Detwiler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Molday and Hsu review results from in vitro experiments, which indicate that Ca-bound calmodulin reduces the cGMP sensitivity of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel of photoreceptor cells, and speculate about the role they might play in the recovery of the light response. We discuss results from in vivo experiments that argue against the participation of Ca-calmodulin in photorecovery.
Effectiveness of a comprehensive diabetes lower-extremity amputation prevention program in a predominantly low-income African-American population.
Authors: C A Patout, J A Birke, R Horswell, D Williams, F P Cerise
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To compare patient outcomes 1 year before and 1 year after enrollment in a comprehensive diabetes lower-extremity amputation prevention program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Outcome data were obtained on 197 patients enrolled in the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Diabetes Foot Program, which provides foot care to a predominantly low-income African-American population in Louisiana. Data were obtained using a structured interview administered by a registered nurse. Recordings were made of number of days with an open foot ulcer, number of times hospitalized for a foot problem, number of days spent in the hospital for a foot problem, number of visits to the emergency room for a foot problem, number of times an antibiotic was prescribed for a foot problem, number of all foot operations, number of lower-extremity amputations, and number of missed workdays for a foot problem. Data were obtained on all patients at the initial visit and at the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Analysis of data showed a reduction in foot-related ulcer days (-49%), hospitalizations, (-89%), hospital days (-90%), emergency room visits (-81%), antibiotic prescriptions, (-57%), foot operations (-87%), lower-extremity amputations (-79%), and missed workdays (-70%) after 1 year of comprehensive foot care compared with the 1-year period before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This single cohort outcome study showed a large reduction in foot-related complications after the first year of comprehensive preventive foot care.
Laboratory Scientists Mount Intensive Probe of Taxol's Mechanism Of Action
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Laboratory Scientists Mount Intensive Probe of Taxol's Mechanism Of Action Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 13, 3 July 1991, Pages 904–906, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.13.904 Published: 03 July 1991
Immunoprevention of HER-2/<b> <i>neu</i> </b> Transgenic Mammary Carcinoma through an Interleukin 12-Engineered Allogeneic Cell Vaccine
Authors: Carla De Giovanni, Giordano Nicoletti, Lorena Landuzzi, Annalisa Astolfi, Stefania Croci, Alberto Comes, Silvano Ferrini, Raffaella Meazza, Manuela Iezzi, Emma Di Carlo, Piero Musiani, Federica Cavallo, Patrizia Nanni, Pier-Luigi Lollini
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract This study evaluated the ability of cytokine-engineered allogeneic (H-2q) HER-2/neu-positive cells to prevent tumor development in mammary cancer-prone virgin female BALB/c (H-2d) mice transgenic for the transforming rat HER-2/neu oncogene (BALB-neuT mice). Repeated vaccinations with cells engineered to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15, or IFN-γ showed that IL-12-engineered cell vaccines had the most powerful immunopreventive activity, with &amp;gt;80% of 1-year-old BALB-neuT mice free of tumors. On the contrary all of the untreated mice and all of the mice vaccinated with IL-12-engineered cells lacking either HER-2/neu or allogeneic antigens developed mammary carcinomas within 22 or 33 weeks, respectively. Whole mount, histology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression profile analysis showed that vaccination with IL-12-engineered cells maintained 26-week mammary glands free of neoplastic growth, with a gene expression profile that clustered with that of untreated preneoplastic glands. The IL-12-engineered cell vaccine elicited a high production of IFN-γ and IL-4 and a strong anti-HER-2/neu antibody response. Immune protection was lost or markedly impaired in BALB-neuT mice lacking IFN-γ or antibody production, respectively. The protection afforded by the IL-12-engineered cell vaccine was equal to that provided by the systemic administration of recombinant IL-12 in combination with HER-2/neu H-2q cell vaccine. However, IL-12-engineered cell vaccine induced much lower circulating IL-12 and IFN-γ, and therefore lower potential side effects and systemic toxicity.
Effect of smoking history on outcome of patients diagnosed with TB and HIV
Authors: Koen Vanden Driessche, Monita R. Patel, Nana Mbonze, Martine Tabala, Marcel Yotebieng, Frieda Behets, Annelies Van Rie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Tobacco use, infection with HIV and active tuberculosis (TB) are important public health problems worldwide. Smoking affects susceptibility to TB, with an increased risk of infection, TB disease and TB death [1, 2]. An estimated 1.1 million of the 8.6 million people who developed TB in 2012 were HIV-positive [3]. It has been estimated that smoking could cause 18 million excess cases of TB and 40 million excess deaths between 2010 and 2050 [4], but little is known about the effect of smoking on the outcomes of people receiving care for both HIV and TB. Among TB–HIV patients on antiretrovirals those who smoke(d) are more likely to have adverse TB treatment outcomes <http://ow.ly/DyPqW> The authors thank the participating healthcare workers. Without their enthusiasm and dedication, this work could not have been carried out. We thank S. Mpuate (School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo) and E. Cromwell (Dept of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA) for assistance in preparing the ITART dataset and J. Bettinger (Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada) for helpful discussions.
Breathing more with weaker respiratory muscles in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: R. Naeije
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Exertional fatigue and dyspnoea limit the daily activities of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension 1. These symptoms are usually explained by the inability of the overloaded right ventricle to perfuse the lungs and to adapt systemic oxygen delivery to oxygen demand. Accordingly, pulmonary hypertension patients present with reductions in peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, oxygen pulse, ventilatory efficiency and 6-min walk distance 2–8. This ergospirometric profile is strikingly similar to that of congestive heart failure 8–12, further supporting the notion of impaired cardiac output adaptation to peripheral oxygen requirements as the main cause of decreased exercise capacity. However, in both pulmonary hypertension and heart failure, ergospirometric variables and walk distances are better correlated to functional class and prognosis than to haemodynamic function 3,  6,  7,  10–12. In addition, impaired skeletal muscle function has been repeatedly reported in heart failure, fuelling a “muscle hypothesis” relating dyspnoea and fatigue symptoms to skeletal muscle metaboreceptor and/or ergoreceptor reflexes 13. The muscle hypothesis implies a persistent sympathetic nervous system activation, which has indeed been shown to occur in heart failure 14 and also, more recently, in pulmonary hypertension 15. Until now, there have been no studies on skeletal muscle function in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

In the present issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Meyer et al. 16 report data suggesting that respiratory muscle strength is decreased in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In a prospective study on 37 patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, significant decreases in maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP) were measured, together with an increased mouth occlusion pressure within first 0.1 s of inspiration ( P 0.1), suggesting inadequate muscle …
Urine Screens in Monitoring Methadone Programs
Authors: M. Jeffery Shoemaker
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Gottheil, Caddy, and Austin entitled "Fallibility of Urine Drug Screens in Monitoring Methadone Programs" (236:1035,1976) presents a number of points that deserve serious comment. In general, it appears that the investigators were not completely informed concerning the operation of urine drug testing programs and the agencies that regulate this clinical laboratory activity. This letter is intended to clarify and augment the data presented in their article. The first item that requires elucidation relates to government proficiency testing and regulation of laboratories offering urine drug analysis services. Although it is true that the federal Center for Disease Control (CDC) proficiency testing program has no provisions for preventing laboratories that perform unsatisfactorily in proficiency testing from conducting these analyses, the authors do not mention, and are perhaps unaware, that many state health departments also conduct proficiency testing in their respective jurisdictions and use such
Clinical relevance of Mycobacterium simiae in pulmonary samples
Authors: J. van Ingen, M. J. Boeree, P. N. R. Dekhuijzen, D. van Soolingen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical relevance of Mycobacterium simiae isolation from clinical samples. The medical files of patients in the Netherlands from whom M. simiae was isolated between 1999 and 2006 were reviewed in order to assess frequency and clinical relevance. Clinical relevance was defined as fulfilment of the diagnostic criteria of the American Thoracic Society. From the files, 28 patients were identified, of whom six (21%) met the American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria. A slight (54%) female predominance was observed, which is uncommon for nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation. Fulfilment of the diagnostic criteria and initiation of treatment were not in agreement; treatment results were poor. Only a minority of clinical M. simiae isolates are clinically relevant and, applying the American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria, the number of true infections is overestimated. Physicians in the Netherlands do not always use these criteria in daily practice, resulting in both over- and underdiagnosis of M. simiae infection. Further studies are required in order to improve diagnostic criteria and treatment regimens.
Effectiveness of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in Brazil: a matched case-control study
Authors: Carla Magda Allan S Domingues, Jennifer R Verani, Ernesto Issac Montenegro Renoiner, Maria Cristina de Cunto Brandileone, Brendan Flannery, Lucia Helena de Oliveira, João Barberino Santos, José Cássio de Moraes
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2014)