tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid cytological analysis of endobronchial ultrasound-guided aspirates in sarcoidosis
Authors: Marshall L. Plit, Adrian P. Havryk, Alan Hodgson, Daniel James, Andrew Field, Sonia Carbone, Allan R. Glanville, Farzad Bashirzadeh, Anna M. Chay, Justin Hundloe, Rebecca Pearson, David Fielding
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirates (EBUS-TBNA) has not been compared to final detailed cytological analysis in patients with suspected sarcoidosis. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA with ROSE in patients with suspected sarcoidosis, a prospective two-centre study performed EBUS-TBNA with ROSE of cellular material followed by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and endobronchial biopsy (EBB). The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA with ROSE was compared to the final cytological assessment and to TBLB and EBB. Analysis confirmed 49 out of 60 cases of sarcoidosis. ROSE sensitivity was 87.8% (specificity 91%, positive predictive value 97.7%). ROSE slide interpretation in combination with the final fixed slide and cell block preparations had a sensitivity of 91.8% (specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%). 67% of patients were confirmed as having sarcoidosis on TBLB and 29% on EBB. Interobserver agreement between cytotechnologists and pathologists was very good (κ=0.91, 95% CI 0.80–1.0 and κ=0.91, 95% CI 0.79–1.0, respectively). EBUS-TBNA with ROSE has high diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement and informs the bronchoscopist in theatre whether additional diagnostic procedures need to be undertaken. EBUS-TBNA with ROSE should therefore be considered as the first-line investigation of sarcoidosis.
Dramatic New Strategies for Brain Tumors Emerge
Authors: S. Jenks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Dramatic New Strategies for Brain Tumors Emerge Get access Susan Jenks Susan Jenks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 9, 6 May 1992, Pages 662–663, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.9.662 Published: 06 May 1992
Second Cancer Risk After Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Collaborative British Cohort Study
Authors: Anthony J. Swerdlow, Craig D. Higgins, Paul Smith, David Cunningham, Barry W. Hancock, Alan Horwich, Peter J. Hoskin, T. Andrew Lister, John A. Radford, Ama Z.S. Rohatiner, David C. Linch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose We investigated the long-term risk of second primary malignancy after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in a much larger cohort than any yet published, to our knowledge. Patients and Methods We followed 5,798 patients with HL treated with chemotherapy in Britain from 1963 to 2001—of whom 3,432 also received radiotherapy—to assess second primary malignancy risks compared with general population-based expectations. Results Second malignancies occurred in 459 cohort members. Relative risk (RR) of second cancer was raised after chemotherapy alone (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.4) but was much lower than after combined modalities (RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 3.5 to 4.4). After chemotherapy alone, there were significantly raised risks of lung cancer, non-HL, and leukemia, each contributing approximately equal absolute excess risk. After combined modalities, there were raised risks of these and several other cancers. Second cancer risk peaked 5 to 9 years after chemotherapy alone, but it remained raised for 25 years and longer after combined modalities. Risk was raised after each common chemotherapy regimen except, based on limited numbers and follow-up, adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. The age and time-course relations of lung cancer differed between chemotherapy alone and combined modalities. Conclusion Although chemotherapy alone leads to raised risk of second malignancy, this risk is lower and affects fewer anatomic sites than that after combined modalities, and it is slight if at all after 15 years follow-up. The mechanism of lung cancer etiology may differ between chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Validity of Queen’s College step test for use with young Indian men
Authors: S Chatterjee, P Chatterjee, P S Mukherjee, A Bandyopadhyay
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To assess the suitability of the Queen's College step test (QCT) to predict maximum oxygen uptake in Indian men.Thirty sedentary male university students from West Bengal, India, with the same socioeconomic background and mean (SD) age, height, and weight of 22.6 (0.2) years, 166.4 (0.5) cm, and 53.8 (0.2) kg, respectively, were randomly sampled from University of Calcutta. VO2max of each participant was determined by direct procedure involving incremental bicycle exercise and also by applying indirect QCT method with a gap of 4 days between the tests.The difference between the mean (SD) VO2max values directly measured (VO2max = 39.8 (1.03) ml/min/kg body mass) and indirectly predicted (PVO2max = 39.3 (1.07) ml/min/kg body mass) was statistically insignificant (p>0.10). PVO2max and VO2max values expressed as ml/min/kg body mass corroborated with previous studies in the same laboratory involving the same population, and also exhibited significant statistical correlation (r = 0.95, p<0.001) between them.The results suggest that QCT can be applied in the studied population to produce a good estimation of maximum oxygen uptake, especially in the field where large numbers of participants are to be evaluated without a well equipped laboratory.
Incidence of gastrointestinal cancers by ethnic group in England, 2001–2007
Authors: Raghib Ali, Isobel Barnes, Benjamin J Cairns, Alexander E Finlayson, Neeraj Bhala, Mohandas Mallath, Valerie Beral
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To compare the incidence of six gastrointestinal cancers (colorectal, oesophageal, gastric, liver, gallbladder and pancreatic) among the six main 'non-White' ethnic groups in England (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black African, Black Caribbean and Chinese) to each other and to Whites. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed all 378 511 gastrointestinal cancer registrations from 2001–2007 in England. Ethnicity was obtained by linkage to the Hospital Episodes Statistics database and we used mid-year population estimates from 2001–2007. Incidence rate ratios adjusted for age, sex and income were calculated, comparing the six ethnic groups (and combined 'South Asian' and 'Black' groups) to Whites and to each other. <h3>Results</h3> There were significant differences in the incidence of all six cancers between the ethnic groups (all p&lt;0.001). In general, the 'non-White' groups had a lower incidence of colorectal, oesophageal and pancreatic cancer compared to Whites and a higher incidence of liver and gallbladder cancer. Gastric cancer incidence was lower in South Asians but higher in Blacks and Chinese. There was strong evidence of differences in risk between Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis for cancer of the oesophagus, stomach, liver and gallbladder (all p&lt;0.001) and between Black Africans and Black Caribbeans for liver and gallbladder cancer (both p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The risk of gastrointestinal cancers varies greatly by individual ethnic group, including within those groups that have traditionally been grouped together (South Asians and Blacks). Many of these differences are not readily explained by known risk factors and suggest that important, potentially modifiable causes of these cancers are still to be discovered.
Race, Age, and Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Dialysis
Authors: Joni Ricks
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autocrine Adenosine Signaling Promotes Regulatory T Cell–Mediated Renal Protection
Authors: Gilbert R. Kinsey, Liping Huang, Katarzyna Jaworska, Konstantine Khutsishvili, David A. Becker, Hong Ye, Peter I. Lobo, Mark D. Okusa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the innate inflammation associated with kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but the mechanism is not well understood. Tregs express CD73, the final enzyme involved in the production of extracellular adenosine, and activation of the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) on immune cells suppresses inflammation and preserves kidney function after IRI. We hypothesized that Treg-generated adenosine is required to block innate immune responses in kidney IRI and that the Treg-generated adenosine would signal through A2ARs on inflammatory cells and, in an autocrine manner, on Tregs themselves. We found that adoptively transferred wild-type Tregs protected wild-type mice from kidney IRI, but the absence of adenosine generation (CD73-deficient Tregs) or adenosine responsiveness (A2AR-deficient Tregs) led to inhibition of Treg function. Pharmacologic stimulation of A2AR before adoptive transfer augmented the ability of wild-type and CD73-deficient Tregs to suppress kidney IRI. Microarray analysis and flow cytometry revealed that A2AR activation enhanced surface PD-1 expression on Tregs in the absence of any other activation signal. Treatment of Tregs with a PD-1 blocking antibody before adoptive transfer reversed their protective effects, even if pretreated with an A2AR agonist. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the simultaneous ability to generate and respond to adenosine is required for Tregs to suppress innate immune responses in IRI through a PD-1–dependent mechanism.
Reply to Chris Parker, Matthew R. Sydes and Howard Kynaston's Letter to the Editor re: Firas Abdollah, Nazareno Suardi, Cesare Cozzarini, et al. Selecting the Optimal Candidate for Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: A Long-term Survival Analysis. Eur Urol 2013;63:998–1008
Authors: Firas Abdollah, Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2013)
A Common Network of Functional Areas for Attention and Eye Movements
Authors: Maurizio Corbetta, Erbil Akbudak, Thomas E Conturo, Abraham Z Snyder, John M Ollinger, Heather A Drury, Martin R Linenweber, Steven E Petersen, Marcus E Raichle, David C Van Essen, Gordon L Shulman
Journal: Neuron (1998)
Sauna-takers disease. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to contaminated water in a home sauna
Authors: W. J. Metzger
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Daily saunas taken by a young man were followed by fever, chills, malaise, dyspnea, cough, and myalgia from six to eight hours later. Symptoms, which were related to pouring water from a sauna bucket over the heating element, progressed to chronic dyspnea and fatigue. Serial serum samples showed precipitin reactions to bucket water and extracts of bucket mold. IgG antibody activity, demonstrated by radioimmunoassay, suggested that Pullularia was a major antigen.
Independent Associations of Glucose Status and Arterial Stiffness With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Katja van den Hurk, Marjan Alssema, Otto Kamp, Ronald M. Henry, Coen D. Stehouwer, Yvo M. Smulders, Giel Nijpels, Walter J. Paulus, Jacqueline M. Dekker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To investigate relative contributions of glucose status and arterial stiffness to markers of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction after 8 years of follow-up.In the population-based prospective Hoorn Study, 394 individuals with preserved LV systolic and diastolic function participated, of whom 87 had impaired glucose metabolism and 128 had type 2 diabetes. Measurements including arterial ultrasound and echocardiography were performed according to standardized protocols.The presence of type 2 diabetes was associated with more severe LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction 8 years later: LV ejection fraction was 2.98% (95% CI 0.46-5.51) lower, and left atrial (LA) volume index, LV mass index, and tissue Doppler-derived E/e' were 3.71 mL/m(2) (1.20-6.22), 5.86 g/m(2.7) (2.94-8.78), and 1.64 units (0.95-2.33) higher, respectively. Furthermore, presence of impaired glucose metabolism or type 2 diabetes was associated with 8-year increases in LV mass index. More arterial stiffness (measured as a lower distensibility) was associated with LV diastolic dysfunction 8 years later: LA volume index, LV mass index, and E/e' at follow-up were higher. Subsequent adjustments for baseline mean arterial pressure and/or LV diastolic dysfunction did not eliminate these associations. Associations of type 2 diabetes and arterial stiffness with markers of LV diastolic dysfunction were largely independent of each other.Both glucose status and arterial distensibility are independently associated with more severe LV diastolic dysfunction 8 years later and with deterioration of LV diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, type 2 diabetes and arterial stiffness may relate to LV diastolic dysfunction through different pathways.
Accuracy of venous blood oxygen pressure depends on arterial blood oxygen pressure
Authors: G. S. Zavorsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

One hundred and two patients with anisohypermetropic amblyopia without strabismus were studied. Microstrabismus was excluded by detailed orthoptic examinations including visuscopy and Cüppers9 bifoveal correspondence test. Treatment consisted in wearing correcting glasses and part-time or full-time patching of the nonamblyopic eye. In patients with dense amblyopia patching of the amblyopic eye was done and Cüppers9 after-image method of pleoptic therapy was instituted as the initial procedure. When visual acuity improved sufficiently by this therapy, patching was used on the nonamblyopic eye. Sixty-five (63.7%) patients showed 2 lines or more improvement on the Snellen chart. Though young children (6 to 12 years) improved their visual acuity more often than those aged 13 to 20 years, a considerable number of patients (50.0%) in the older age group improved their visual acuity after therapy. The improvement in visual acuity was accompanied by improved stereoacuity in 49.0% of the patients. It is therefore suggested that every effort should be made to treat these patients even after the age of 12 years.
How can communication by oncologists enhance patients' trust? An experimental study
Authors: M.A. Hillen, H.C.J.M. de Haes, L.J.A. Stalpers, J.H.G. Klinkenbijl, E.H. Eddes, P.N. Butow, J. van der Vloodt, H.W.M. van Laarhoven, E.M.A. Smets
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Gall bladder sludge formation during prolonged fasting after gastrointestinal tract surgery.
Authors: L Bolondi, S Gaiani, S Testa, G Labo
Journal: Gut (1985)

In this study we have ultrasonographically assessed the prevalence of sludge in a group of 48 fasting patients after gastrointestinal tract surgery. Ultrasound examinations were carried out daily in each patient, beginning on the day before surgery. The period of fasting lasted from seven to 10 days. The presence of sludge was demonstrated within the seventh day in seven out of the 48 patients. In 38 cases fast lasted for a further three days. The total number of sludge-positive patients after 10 days was 12 out of 38. Ultrasound controls were performed after six and 12-24 month interval and showed the presence of gall stones with different ultrasonographic patterns in three sludge positive patients. We conclude that in the early postoperative period there is a high risk for sludge development and that in some cases sludge may subsequently evolve into gall stones.
Automated Quantitative Analysis of E-Cadherin Expression in Lymph Node Metastases Is Predictive of Survival in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer
Authors: Malini Harigopal, Aaron J. Berger, Robert L. Camp, David L. Rimm, Harriet M. Kluger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The tumor suppressor adhesion molecule E-cadherin is believed to have an anti-invasive role in breast cancer. Lymph node involvement is the best prognostic marker known, yet there is variability in outcome among node-positive patients. We investigated the relationship between E-cadherin expression in primary invasive ductal tumors and corresponding nodal metastases, and determined the prognostic value of E-cadherin expression in node-positive breast cancer. Experimental Design: Membrane E-cadherin expression was studied by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays with fluorescent-labeled antibodies. An objective method of automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) was used. AQUA uses cytokeratin to define pixels as breast cancer (tumor mask) within the array spot, and measures E-cadherin expression using a Cy5-conjugated antibody within the mask. Results: We employed a tissue microarray containing 207 primary and matched nodal metastases suitable for AQUA analysis. There was no significant difference in mean staining intensity between the primary and nodal specimens (P = 0.8). A scattergram was generated which identified a subset of patients (25%) with high E-cadherin expression in nodal metastases, and this top quartile had improved survival (P = 0.028). On univariate analysis, increased E-cadherin expression in nodal metastases was strongly associated with improved survival (P = 0.007), whereas expression in primary tumors was not (P = 0.13). On multivariate analysis, nodal E-cadherin expression retained its independent association with survival, as did tumor size and HER2/neu status. Conclusions: Strong E-cadherin expression in lymph node metastases was highly predictive of improved survival. This suggests that expression of adhesion molecules at metastatic sites portends less aggressive tumor behavior.
Risk of recurrent high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after successful treatment: a long-term multi-cohort study
Authors: Mariëlle Kocken, Theo JM Helmerhorst, Johannes Berkhof, Jacqueline A Louwers, Mariëlle AE Nobbenhuis, Aagje G Bais, Cornelis JA Hogewoning, Afra Zaal, René HM Verheijen, Peter JF Snijders, Chris JLM Meijer
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
Alterations of Systolic Time Intervals During Pregnancy
Authors: JOHN R. BURG, ARTHUR DODEK, FRANK E. KLOSTER, JAMES METCALFE
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Systolic time interval measurements were made sequentially throughout pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Recordings were made in the supine and lateral positions. Although the greatest deviations from predicted values were present in the third trimester, changes were evident as early as the first trimester. During the first two trimesters the pre-ejection period (PEP) was significantly shortened. The left ventricular ejection time (LVET) remained normal while the PEP/LVET decreased. The third trimester was characterized by a markedly shortened LVET, a prolonged PEP, and an increased PEP/LVET, all more apparent in the supine than in the lateral position. These findings are consistent with impaired left ventricular performance and are probably due to decreased left ventricular preload resulting from diminished venous return secondary to inferior vena caval obstruction by the gravid uterus. In the postpartum period, the PEP/LVET remained elevated in both positions; the PEP was prolonged and the LVET shortened in the lateral posture. It is concluded that alterations in systolic time interval measurements occur normally during the course of uncomplicated pregnancy and persist into the postpartum period. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
The deterioration of bronchi patency in asthmatics is accompanied by the hyperresponsiveness to distilled water
Authors: Juliy M. Perelman, Anna G. Prikhodko, Victor P. Kolosov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Airway patency and the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are the markers of the bronchial asthma (BA) activity. Their role in the formation of bronchospastic reaction to the osmotic stimulus is unknown.

Aim: to study the correlation of bronchi patency, airway reaction to distilled water (DW) and the level of H2O2 in EBC in asthmatics.

Methods : The lung function (FEV1), the airway reaction (ΔFEV1) to 3-minute inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized DW, to 3-minute isocapnic cold air hyperventilation (ICAH), and the initial level of H2O2 in EBC were estimated in 289 asthmatics (mean age 34.9±1.15).

Results: The patients were divided into four groups: with the exessive airway reaction to each bronchoprovocation and without it. The groups did not have significant differences in the reaction to DW (ΔFEV1 -19.9±1.06 and -3.26±0.96%; p 0.05). Significantly lower FEV1 was found in the group of patients with hyperresponsiveness to DW in comparison with the group without it (3.12±0.16 and 3.74±0.16 l; p<0.05), and with the patients with hyperresponsiveness to ICAH (3.63±0.12 l) (p<0.05). A direct correlation between FEV1 and the degree of reaction to DW (r=0.56; p<0.05) was found, whereas in the group with hyperresponsiveness to ICAH it had a reverse character (r=-0.64; p<0.01) and depended on the level of H2O2 in EBC (r= 0.50; p<0.05).

Conclusion: The airway hyperresponsiveness to DW in asthmatics is associated with bronchi patency deterioration and is not connected with the level of H2O2 in EBC.
Developing New Monoclonal Antibodies for Aggressive Lymphoma
Authors: Jonathan W. Friedberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the fifth most common and sixth most fatal cancer in the United States and has increased significantly in incidence over the past 30 years. The National Cancer Institute estimates that >60,000 new cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma will be diagnosed in the United States
Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: David Julià, Núria Gómez, Antoni Codina-Cazador
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Esophageal cancer is a challenging clinical problem.Despite surgical advances and use of combined-modality approaches, the prognosis remains dismal.According to the EU-ROCARE-3 study (1990-1994), the overall European 1-year and 5-year relative survival rates were 33% and 10%, respectively 1 and a plateau in survival following single modality treatment has been reached.