tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
National Inventory of Hospital Trauma Centers
Authors: Ellen J. MacKenzie, David B. Hoyt, John C. Sacra, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Anthony R. Carlini, Sandra D. Teitelbaum, Harry Teter
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context Trauma centers benefit thousands of injured individuals every day and play a critical role in responding to disasters. The last full accounting of the number and distribution of trauma centers identified 471 trauma centers in the United States in 1991. Objective To determine the number and configuration of trauma centers and identify gaps in coverage. Design, Setting, and Subjects Interviews with trauma center directors (September 2001 to April 2002), data from the American Hospital Association's Annual Survey of Hospitals (2000), and the US Health Resources Administration's Area Resource File (2001) were used to determine characteristics of trauma center hospitals and the geographic areas they serve in all 50 states and in the District of Columbia. Characteristics of trauma centers were examined by level of care and compared with nontrauma centers. Hospitals are designated or certified as trauma centers by a state or regional authority or verified as trauma centers by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Trauma centers that treat only children (n = 31) were excluded. Main Outcome Measure Total number of trauma centers and number of trauma centers per million population. Results In 2002, there were 1154 trauma centers in the United States, including 190 level I centers and 263 level II centers. Several states have categorized every hospital with an emergency department at some level of trauma care while others have designated a limited number of level I and level II centers only. The number of level I and II centers per million population ranges from 0.19 to 7.8 by state. When compared with nontrauma center hospitals, trauma centers are larger, more likely to be teaching hospitals, and more likely to offer specialized services. Conclusions Although the availability of trauma centers has improved, challenges remain to ensure the optimal number, distribution, and configuration of trauma centers. These challenges must be addressed, especially in light of the recent emphasis on hospital preparedness and homeland security.
Finasteride in the treatment of men with frontal male pattern hair loss
Authors: James Leyden, Frank Dunlap, Bruce Miller, Peter Winters, Mark Lebwohl, David Hecker, Stephen Kraus, Hilary Baldwin, Alan Shalita, Zoe Draelos, Michael Markou, Diane Thiboutot, Marvin Rapaport, Sewon Kang, Timothy Kelly, David Pariser, Guy Webster, Maria Hordinsky, Robert Rietschel, H.Irving Katz, Lisa Terranella, Sharon Best, Elizabeth Round, Joanne Waldstreicher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)
Serum endocan levels as a marker of disease activity in patients with Behçet disease
Authors: Ilknur Balta, Sevket Balta, Ozgul Mustu Koryurek, Sait Demirkol, Dimitri P Mikhailidis, Turgay Celik, Mustafa Cakar, Ugur Kucuk, Meral Eksioglu, Yasemin Gulcan Kurt
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Vasanti S. Malik, Barry M. Popkin, George A. Bray, Jean-Pierre Després, Walter C. Willett, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which include soft drinks, fruit drinks, iced tea, and energy and vitamin water drinks has risen across the globe. Regular consumption of SSBs has been associated with weight gain and risk of overweight and obesity, but the role of SSBs in the development of related chronic metabolic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, has not been quantitatively reviewed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We searched the MEDLINE database up to May 2010 for prospective cohort studies of SSB intake and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. We identified 11 studies (three for metabolic syndrome and eight for type 2 diabetes) for inclusion in a random-effects meta-analysis comparing SSB intake in the highest to lowest quantiles in relation to risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Based on data from these studies, including 310,819 participants and 15,043 cases of type 2 diabetes, individuals in the highest quantile of SSB intake (most often 1–2 servings/day) had a 26% greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those in the lowest quantile (none or &amp;lt;1 serving/month) (relative risk [RR] 1.26 [95% CI 1.12–1.41]). Among studies evaluating metabolic syndrome, including 19,431 participants and 5,803 cases, the pooled RR was 1.20 [1.02–1.42]. CONCLUSIONS In addition to weight gain, higher consumption of SSBs is associated with development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. These data provide empirical evidence that intake of SSBs should be limited to reduce obesity-related risk of chronic metabolic diseases.
Monoclonal antibodies against GARP/TGF-β1 complexes inhibit the immunosuppressive activity of human regulatory T cells in vivo
Authors: Julia Cuende, Stéphanie Liénart, Olivier Dedobbeleer, Bas van der Woning, Gitte De Boeck, Julie Stockis, Caroline Huygens, Didier Colau, Joan Somja, Philippe Delvenne, Muriel Hannon, Frédéric Baron, Laure Dumoutier, Jean-Christophe Renauld, Hans De Haard, Michael Saunders, Pierre G. Coulie, Sophie Lucas
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit human T reg function in vivo may be used therapeutically in cancer or infections.
Mepolizumab in refractory eosinophilic asthma
Authors: I D Pavord, P Haldar, P Bradding, A J Wardlaw
Journal: Thorax (2010)

In a recent Lung Alert reviewing our study of mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma,1 Barratt states that the study population represented a minority of patients with asthma and that they had corticosteroid-resistant disease.2 These comments require clarification. While we accept that the population studied by us represents about 3% of the total asthma population, it was 30% of patients with refractory asthma, a population with the greatest unmet need for …
Optimum population-level use of artemisinin combination therapies: a modelling study
Authors: Tran Dang Nguyen, Piero Olliaro, Arjen M Dondorp, J Kevin Baird, Ha Minh Lam, Jeremy Farrar, Guy E Thwaites, Nicholas J White, Maciej F Boni
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundArtemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) are used worldwide as first-line treatment against confirmed or suspected Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Despite the success of ACTs at reducing the global burden of malaria, emerging resistance to artemisinin threatens these gains. Countering onset of resistance might need deliberate tactics aimed at slowing the reduction in ACT effectiveness. We assessed optimum use of ACTs at the population level, specifically focusing on a strategy of multiple first-line therapies (MFT), and comparing it with strategies of cycling or sequential use of single first-line ACTs.MethodsWith an individual-based microsimulation of regional malaria transmission, we looked at how to apply a therapy as widely as possible without accelerating reduction of efficacy by drug resistance. We compared simultaneous distribution of artemether–lumefantrine, artesunate–amodiaquine, and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (ie, MFT) against strategies in which these ACTs would be cycled or used sequentially, either on a fixed schedule or when population-level efficacy reaches the WHO threshold of 10% treatment failure. The main assessment criterion was total number of treatment failures per 100 people per year. Additionally, we analysed the benefits of including a single non-ACT therapy in an MFT strategy, and did sensitivity analyses in which we varied transmission setting, treatment coverage, partner-drug half-life, fitness cost of drug resistance, and the relation between drug concentration and resistance evolution.FindingsUse of MFT was predicted to reduce the long-term number of treatment failures compared with strategies in which a single first-line ACT is recommended. This result was robust to various epidemiological, pharmacological, and evolutionary features of malaria transmission. Inclusion of a single non-ACT therapy in an MFT strategy would have substantial benefits in reduction of pressure on artemisinin resistance evolution, delaying its emergence and slowing its spread.InterpretationAdjusting national antimalarial treatment guidelines to encourage simultaneous use of MFT is likely to extend the useful therapeutic life of available antimalarial drugs, resulting in long-term beneficial outcomes for patients.FundingWellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, Li Ka Shing Foundation.
Gastrointestinal instrumentation, bacteraemia, and endocarditis.
Authors: P J Shorvon, S J Eykyn, P B Cotton
Journal: Gut (1983)

An infant with chronic cytomegalovirus hepatitis and a child with atypical Alagille9s syndrome had vitamin D deficiency rickets due to malabsorption. Both received ultraviolet irradiation. This treatment corrected biochemical abnormalities and healed the rickets. In the infant use of a sunlamp at home maintained normal 25 hydroxy-vitamin D for over a year. Our study shows that ultraviolet irradiation is an effective treatment of hepatobiliary rickets.
Acetylcholine and adenosine diphosphate cause endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated human pulmonary arteries
Authors: AT Dinh Xuan, TW Higenbottam, C Clelland, J Pepke-Zaba, FC Wells, J Wallwork
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) has been extensively studied in animals but only limited studies in man are available. Demonstration of EDRF-mediated dilatation of human vessels is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of vascular diseases in man. We have investigated endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated human pulmonary arteries. Vascular segments, taken from uninvolved regions of resected lung from eight patients undergoing lobectomy for lung carcinoma, were cut into rings. In rings precontracted with phenylephrine, both acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced dose-dependent relaxation in the presence of endothelium but not when the endothelium had been carefully removed. The rings without endothelium relaxed completely with sodium nitroprusside, a vasodilator agent acting directly on vascular smooth muscle. Pre-incubation with indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor which blocks production of prostacyclin, did not alter the vasorelaxant responses to ACh and ADP, suggesting that one (or several) non-prostanoid EDRF(s) are responsible for the endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated human pulmonary arteries.
High WT1 Expression After Induction Therapy Predicts High Risk of Relapse and Death in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hélène Lapillonne, Aline Renneville, Anne Auvrignon, Cyril Flamant, Annick Blaise, Christine Perot, Jean-Luc Lai, Paola Ballerini, Françoise Mazingue, Sylvie Fasola, Axelle Dehée, Françoise Bellman, Mircéa Adam, Myriam Labopin, Luc Douay, Guy Leverger, Claude Preudhomme, Judith Landman-Parker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To determine whether minimal residual disease (MRD) measured by Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) expression is a prognostic marker in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we quantified WT1 transcript by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction in 92 AML at diagnosis and during follow-up. Patients and Methods Patients (median age, 6 years; cytogenetics, favorable 27%, intermediate 59%, poor 13%) were treated between 1995 and 2002 and enrolled in Leucémie aiguë Myéloblastique Enfant (LAME) 89/91, LAME 99 pilot study and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia French collaborative protocols. With a median follow-up of 26 months, event-free survival was 56% with a standard deviation (SD) of 5% and overall survival of 62.5% with an SD of 6%. WT1 copy number was normalized by TATA box binding protein gene transcripts and expressed as WT1/TBP × 1,000 ratio. Median WT1 ratio in normal patient controls was 12 (range, 0 to 57). A level over two SD than normal bone marrow controls (ie, WT1 ratio &gt; 50), was considered as significant overexpression. Results At diagnosis, WT1 overexpression was detected in 78% of patients (72 of 92 patients; median copy ratio, 2231). The WT1 values were significantly higher (P = .01) in favorable cytogenetics and lower (P &lt; .0001) in M5-FAB subtype, 11q23 rearrangements (P &lt; .001), and infants (P = .003) and demonstrate a strong correlation with fusion transcript AML1-ETO, PML-RARα expression. After induction treatment, WT1 ratio was analyzed in 46 of 72 patients and found above 50 in nine of 36 patients and five of 25 patients at D35-50 and 3 to 5 months, respectively. WT1 ratio &gt; 50 after induction is an independent prognostic risk factor of relapse (P = .002) and death (P = .02). Conclusion WT1 quantification is an informative molecular marker for MRD in pediatric AML and is now performed as prospective analysis in ELAM02 protocol.
Baseline HIV-1 resistance, virological outcomes, and emergent resistance in the SECOND-LINE trial: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Mark A Boyd, Cecilia L Moore, Jean-Michel Molina, Robin Wood, Juan S Madero, Marcelo Wolff, Kiat Ruxrungtham, Marcelo Losso, Boris Renjifo, Hedy Teppler, Anthony D Kelleher, Janaki Amin, Sean Emery, David A Cooper
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2015)
Humoral and cell mediated immune response to cow's milk proteins in Behcet's disease
Authors: G Triolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objective: To investigate the humoral and cellular immune response against cow9s milk proteins in Behçet9s disease and to distinguish any behaviour during active or inactive disease. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 patients and from eight normal controls were cultured in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), β-casein, β-lactoglobulin, or chicken egg albumin. Interferon γ (IFNγ) and interleukin 4 (IL4) were measured in the culture supernatants by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples from 46 patients with Behçet9s disease and from 37 healthy subjects were also studied for antibody detection. Antibodies to β-casein, β-lactoglobulin, and chicken egg albumin were determined by ELISA. Results: High IFNγ but not IL4 levels were found in the supernatants of lymphocytes from patients with active disease cultured in the presence of cow9s milk proteins. Levels were comparable with those obtained in cultures stimulated with PHA. A significantly higher level of anti-β-casein and anti-β-lactoglobulin IgG and IgA antibodies was found in patients with active Behçet9s disease. No relation was found between their occurrence and the age of the patients, the duration of disease, or the presence of gastrointestinal abnormalities. Antibodies to chicken albumin were detected at low levels and with a prevalence similar to that of healthy subjects. Conclusion: The results indicate that an active immune response occurs in Behçet9s disease. This response involves an increased frequency of antibodies to cow9s milk protein and a strong Th1 polarisation after exposure to these antigens. The occurrence of these abnormalities supports a putative role for cow9s milk proteins immune response in the pathogenesis of Behçet9s disease.
Strain in its Relation to the Circulatory Organs
Authors: J. M. Fothergill
Journal: BMJ (1873)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL- 281 hare in its production.The combination, however, of milk and fish, seems to have been considered especially unfavourable to the disease.In short, there was scarcely any kind of food that was not condemned by one writer or another, so that if their united directions had been followed, the progress of leprosy would haye been effectually forestalled by death from starvation.Lastly, with regard to the isolation of lepers, I have already hinted that it tended to prevent marriages with those infected, and thus, to a certain extent, checked the spread of the disease; or rather, I should say, that when the epidemic character of leprosy was subsiding, this, among many other secondary causes, assisted in its final extermination.
Antiphospholipid antibodies and infections
Authors: R A Asherson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Many infections have been found to be associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), although a pathogenic role for these antibodies has not usually been obvious except in a few isolated cases. Two types of aPL have been referred to as "autoimmune" and "infectious" types. This distinction, however, has subsequently been found not to be absolute.
Two Circular Chromosomes of Unequal Copy Number Make Up the Mitochondrial Genome of the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis
Authors: Koushirou Suga, David B. Mark Welch, Yukari Tanaka, Yoshitaka Sakakura, Atsushi Hagiwara
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The monogonont rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is an emerging model system for a diverse array of questions in limnological ecosystem dynamics, the evolution of sexual recombination, cryptic speciation, and the phylogeny of basal metazoans. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of B. plicatilis sensu strictu NH1L and found that it is composed of 2 circular chromosomes, designated mtDNA-I (11,153 bp) and mtDNA-II (12,672 bp). Hybridization to DNA isolated from mitochondria demonstrated that mtDNA-I is present at 4 times the copy number of mtDNA-II. The only nucleotide similarity between the 2 chromosomes is a 4.9-kbp region of 99.5% identity including a transfer RNA (tRNA) gene and an extensive noncoding region that contains putative D-loop and control sequence. The mtDNA-I chromosome encodes 4 proteins (ATP6, COB, NAD1, and NAD2), 13 tRNAs, and the large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs; mtDNA-II encodes 8 proteins (COX1–3, NAD3–6, and NAD4L) and 9 tRNAs. Gene order is not conserved between B. plicatilis and its closest relative with a sequenced mitochondrial genome, the acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus, or other sequenced mitochondrial genomes. Polymerase chain reaction assays and Southern hybridization to DNA from 18 strains of Brachionus suggest that the 2-chromosome structure has been stable for millions of years. The novel organization of the B. plicatilis mitochondrial genome into 2 nearly equal chromosomes of 4-fold different copy number may provide insight into the evolution of metazoan mitochondria and the phylogenetics of rotifers and other basal animal phyla.
Distal and proximal colon cancers differ in terms of molecular, pathological, and clinical features
Authors: E. Missiaglia, B. Jacobs, G. D'Ario, A.F. Di Narzo, C. Soneson, E. Budinska, V. Popovici, L. Vecchione, S. Gerster, P. Yan, A.D. Roth, D. Klingbiel, F.T. Bosman, M. Delorenzi, S. Tejpar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Effect of Amifostine on Survival Among Patients Treated With Radiotherapy: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data
Authors: Jean Bourhis, Pierre Blanchard, Emilie Maillard, David M. Brizel, Benjamin Movsas, Jens Buentzel, Johannes A. Langendijk, Ritsuko Komaki, Swan Swan Leong, Peter Levendag, Jean Pierre Pignon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose Controversy exists regarding whether or not amifostine might reduce the efficacy of cancer treatment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of amifostine on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Material and Methods Updated data from individual patients with non–small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and pelvic cancer treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and randomly assigned to amifostine or not were included. The primary end point was OS. Results Twenty-two randomized trials (2,279 patients) were potentially eligible. Data were available for 16 trials (1,554 patients), but four trials (435 patients) were excluded after data checking. Ultimately 12 trials and 1,119 patients were analyzed. A total of 431 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone (three trials), and 688 patients were treated with chemoradiotherapy (nine trials). Thirty-three percent of patients had lung cancers, 65% had head and neck cancers, and 2% had pelvic carcinomas. Ninety-one percent of patients had locally advanced disease (early stage, 9%). Median follow-up was 5.2 years. The hazard ratio (HR) of death was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.14; P = .78). On the basis of 11 trials (1,091 patients), the HR of progression, relapse, or death was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.22; P = .53). The tests for heterogeneity were not significant (P ≥ .73), and there was no significant variation of treatment effect according to sex, age, tumor site, stage, histology, locoregional treatment, or type of administration for either end point. Conclusion Amifostine did not reduce OS and PFS in patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
Skeletal Complications of Breast Cancer Therapies
Authors: Angela Hirbe, Elizabeth A. Morgan, Özge Uluçkan, Katherine Weilbaecher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Nonsurgical treatment options, such as hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, radiation, and bisphosphonate therapy, are undoubtedly improving outcomes for women with breast cancer; however, these therapies also carry significant skeletal side effects. For example, adjuvant hormonal treatments, such as aromatase inhibitors that disrupt the estrogen-skeleton axis, have the potential to cause decreased bone mineral density. Similarly, chemotherapy often induces primary ovarian failure in premenopausal women, resulting in decreased levels of circulating estrogen and subsequent osteopenia. In both cases, women receiving these therapies are at an increased risk for the development of osteoporosis and skeletal fracture. Furthermore, women undergoing radiation therapy to the upper body may have an increased incidence of rib fracture, and those receiving bisphosphonates may be vulnerable to the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw. Therefore, women with breast cancer who are undergoing any of these therapies should be closely monitored for bone mineral loss and advised of skeletal health maintenance strategies.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Unspecified Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma May Be Indicative of Disease Activity and Predict Response to Therapy
Authors: Michael K. Schowalter, Oleg E. Akilov, Sara K. Story, Larisa J. Geskin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy encompass both direct extension of tumor to the skin and indirect involvement (the so-called paraneoplastic syndromes). Direct cutaneous manifestations parallel systemic disease in progression, remission, and response to treatment. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) comprises a group of mature T-cell malignancies that together make up less than 15% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; PTCL has been reported to directly involve the skin in a minority of cases.1 Unspecified PTCL (PTCL-u) makes up the majority of these lymphomas (60% to 70%).2 We report a patient with PTCL-u with secondary cutaneous involvement who was treated with a new histone deacetylase inhibitor, romidepsin (Istodax; Celgene, Summit, NJ). Because skin manifestations correlate with systemic disease activity, cutaneous manifestations can aid in monitoring of the systemic responses to therapy and can be a first warning sign of relapse.