tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise Training Improves Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gabriele Fuchsjäger-Mayrl, Johannes Pleiner, Günther F. Wiesinger, Anna E. Sieder, Michael Quittan, Martin J. Nuhr, Claudia Francesconi, Hans-Peter Seit, Mario Francesconi, Leopold Schmetterer, Michael Wolzt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE-Impaired endothelial function of resistance and conduit arteries can be detected in patients with type 1 diabetes. We studied whether a persistent improvement of endothelial function can be achieved by regular physical training. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-The study included 26 patients with type 1 diabetes of 20 +/- 10 years' duration and no overt angiopathy; 18 patients (42 +/- 10 years old) participated in a bicycle exercise training program, and 8 patients with type 1 diabetes (33 +/- 11 years old) served as control subjects. Vascular function of conduit arteries was assessed by flow-mediated and endothelium-independent dilation of the brachial artery and of resistance vessels by the response of ocular fundus pulsation amplitudes to intravenous N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) at baseline, after 2 and 4 months of training, and 8 months after cessation of regular exercise. RESULTS-Training increased peak oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) by 13% after 2 months and by 27% after 4 months (P = 0.04). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery increased from 6.5 +/- 1.1 to 9.8 +/- 1.1% (P = 0.04) by training. L-NMMA administration decreased fundus pulsation amplitude (FPA) by 9.1 +/- 0.9% before training and by 13.4 +/- 1.5% after 4 months of training (P = 0.02). VO(2max), FMD, and FPA were unchanged in the control group. Vascular effects from training were abrogated 8 months after cessation of exercise. CONCLUSIONS-Our study demonstrates that aerobic exercise training can improve endothelial function in different vascular beds in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes, who are at considerable risk for diabetic angiopathy. However, the beneficial effect on vascular function is not maintained in the absence of exercise.
THYROID TEST STRATEGY
Authors: R.J. Mardell, T.R. Gamlen, C. Kirkegaard, C. Bregengård, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, K. Bech, J. Faber, R. Hoermann, B. Saller, E. Moser, K. Mann, P. Beck-Peccoz, G. Piscitelli, G. Medri, M. Ballabio, G. Faglia
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Biochemical evidence of myocardial fibrosis in veteran endurance athletes
Authors: M Mitchell Lindsay, Francis G Dunn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Studies on exercise-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in veteran athletes suggest the presence of abnormal diastolic filling and incomplete regression of LVH on cessation of exercise.Myocardial fibrosis occurs in exercise induced LVH in veteran athletes.To document non-invasively the presence of fibrosis in veteran athletesProspective case-control study.City centre district general hospital.45 normotensive elite veteran athletes and 45 normal sedentary subjects.Echocardiographic assessment was made of LV mass, LV systolic and LV diastolic function. Plasma carboxyterminal propeptide of collagen type I (PICP), carboxyterminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase type I (TIMP-1) were measured as markers of collagen synthesis, degradation and inhibition of degradation, respectively.Veteran athletes had significant elevation in LV dimensions and calculated LV mass index (LVMI). Diastolic and systolic function was normal. Plasma PICP (259 vs 166 microg/l, p<0.001), CITP (5.4 vs 2.9 microg/l, p<0.001) and TIMP-1 (350 vs 253 ng/ml, p = 0.01) were elevated in the cohort of athletes. There was a further elevation of TIMP-1 in athletes with echocardiographic LVH, defined as an LVMI >130 g/m(2) (417 vs 266 ng/ml, p = 0.02).There is biochemical evidence of disruption of the collagen equilibrium favouring fibrosis in veteran athletes with LVH. This may suggest that fibrosis occurs as part of the hypertrophic process in veteran athletes.
Sex differences in gout epidemiology: evaluation and treatment
Authors: L R Harrold, R A Yood, T R Mikuls, S E Andrade, J Davis, J Fuller, K A Chan, D Roblin, M A Raebel, A Von Worley, R Platt, K G Saag
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Little is known about the characteristics, evaluation and treatment of women with gout.To examine the epidemiological differences and differences in treatment between men and women in a large patient population.The data from approximately 1.4 million people who were members of seven managed care plans in the USA for at least 1 year between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2003 were examined. Adult members who had pharmacy benefits and at least two ambulatory claims specifying a diagnosis of gout were identified. In addition, men and women who were new users of urate-lowering drugs (ULDs) were identified to assess adherence with recommended surveillance of serum urate levels within 6 months of initiating urate-lowering treatment.A total of 6133 people (4975 men and 1158 women) with two or more International Classification of Disease-9 codes for gout were identified. As compared with men with gout, women were older (mean age 70 (SD 13) v 58 (SD 14), p<0.001) and had comorbidities and received diuretics more often (77% v 40%; p<0.001). Only 37% of new users of urate-lowering treatment had appropriate surveillance of serum urate levels post-initiation of urate-lowering treatment. After controlling for age, comorbidities, gout treatments, number of ULD dispensings and health plan, women were more likely (odds ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.67) to receive the recommended serum urate level testing.Women with gout were older, had greater comorbidities and more often used diuretics and received appropriate surveillance of serum urate levels, suggesting that the factors leading to gout as well as monitoring of treatment are very different in women and men.
REPORT LXXVI. THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE TEMPORAL BONE, CONSIDERED WITH REFERENCE TO THE PATHOLOGY AND MORBID ANATOMY OF THE DISEASE
Authors: W. J. Horne
Journal: BMJ (1903)

In Column A are tlle numiiber of red cells per c.mrm. as found by countnng in the ordinary way on a Zeiss slide.A dilution of I ill 200 in the umethyl violet diluting fluid was used for this purpose, eight large squares each consisting of sixteen siimall squares being counted.For column B 5 c.rnm. of time first dilution were takeni and mixeS with 495 c.mm. of the eosin solution.This gives a final dilution of I in 20,000.Yrom this dilution drops were blowln on to slides fromii one of the specially graduated 5 c.mmn.pipettes.Tllese were dried and mounted in -Canada balsam.One slide was selected and counted.Since the dilution wvas I in 20,0o0 and the total red cells in 5 c.amn. were counted, the total count multiplied by 20,000.5 ==4,000 gives tlle number of red cells per c.mm.The numbers so obtained are given in coluiimn 15.
Efficacy of Brachytheraphy With Californium-252 Neutrons Versus Cesium-137 Photons for Eradication of Bulky Localized Cervical Cancer: Single-Institution Study
Authors: Y. Maruyama, J. R van Nagell, J. Yoneda, E. Donaldson, H. Gallion, R. Higgins, D. Powell, C. Turner, R. Kryscio
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Efficacy of Brachytheraphy With Californium-252 Neutrons Versus Cesium-137 Photons for Eradication of Bulky Localized Cervical Cancer: Single-Institution Study Get access Yosh Maruyama, Yosh Maruyama * 4Departments of Radiation Medicine (Y. Maruyama, J. Yoneda, C. Turner), Obstetrics and Gynecology (J. R. van Nagell, E Donaldson, H. Gallion, R. Higgins), Pathology (D. Powell), and Statistics (R Kryscio), Radiation Therapy Oncology Center, University of Kentucky Medical CenterLexington, KY *Correspondence to: Yosh Maruyama, M.D., Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40536 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. R van Nagell, J. R van Nagell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Justine Yoneda, Justine Yoneda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elvis Donaldson, Elvis Donaldson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Holly Gallion, Holly Gallion Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Higgins, Robert Higgins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Deborah Powell, Deborah Powell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carol Turner, Carol Turner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard Kryscio Richard Kryscio 4Departments of Radiation Medicine (Y. Maruyama, J. Yoneda, C. Turner), Obstetrics and Gynecology (J. R. van Nagell, E Donaldson, H. Gallion, R. Higgins), Pathology (D. Powell), and Statistics (R Kryscio), Radiation Therapy Oncology Center, University of Kentucky Medical CenterLexington, KY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 7, 1 June 1988, Pages 501–506, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.7.501 Published: 01 June 1988 Article history Received: 17 December 1987 Revision received: 24 March 1988 Accepted: 25 March 1988 Published: 01 June 1988
Maternal immunization of mice with group B streptococcal type III polysaccharide-beta C protein conjugate elicits protective antibody to multiple serotypes.
Authors: L C Madoff, L C Paoletti, J Y Tai, D L Kasper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Group B streptococcal infection is a major cause of neonatal mortality. Antibody to the capsular polysaccharide protects against invasive neonatal disease, but immunization with capsular polysaccharides fails to elicit protective antibody in many recipients. Conjugation of the polysaccharide to tetanus toxoid has been shown to increase immune response to the polysaccharide. In animal models, C proteins of group B streptococci are also protective determinants. We examined the ability of the beta C protein to serve in the dual role of carrier for the polysaccharide and protective immunogen. Type III polysaccharide was covalently coupled to beta C protein by reductive amination. Immunization of rabbits with the polysaccharide-protein conjugate elicited high titers of antibody to both components, and the serum induced opsonophagocytic killing of type III, Ia/C, and Ib/C strains of group B streptococci. Female mice were immunized with the conjugate vaccine and then bred; 93% of neonatal pups born to these dams vaccinated with conjugate survived type III group B streptococcal challenge and 76% survived type Ia/C challenge, compared with 3% and 8% survival, respectively, in controls (P < 0.001). The beta C protein acted as an effective carrier for the type III polysaccharide while simultaneously induced protective immunity against beta C protein--containing strains of group B streptococci.
Productivity Losses Associated With Diabetes in the U.S.
Authors: Ying Chu Ng, Philip Jacobs, J.A. Johnson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of productivity losses in the U.S. attributable to diabetes, with regard to specific demographic and disease-related characteristics in the U.S..We used the 1989 National Health Interview Survey, a random survey of individuals in the U.S. that included a diabetes supplement. Data on individuals were obtained for labor force participation, hours of work, demographic and occupational characteristics, self-reported health status, and several variables that indicated the presence, duration, and severity (complications) of diabetes. Using multivariate regression analyses, we estimated the association of independent variables (e.g., demographics, health, and diabetes status) with labor force participation, hours of work lost, and the economic value of lost work attributable to diabetes and its complications and duration.In general, the presence of diabetes and complications were found to be related to workforce participation variables. The magnitude of the lost-productivity costs depended on personal characteristics and on the presence and status of diabetes. In general, the loss of yearly earnings amounted to about a one-third reduction in earnings and ranged from $3,700 to $8,700 per annum.Diabetes has a considerable net effect on earnings, and the complications and duration of diabetes have compound effects. Our findings have implications for the cost-effectiveness of diabetes control; the presence of complicating factors is the single most important predictive factor in lost productivity costs attributable to diabetes, and thus the avoidance or retardation of complications will have an impact on indirect health-related costs.
The role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of thyroid function in man
Authors: John T. Nicoloff, Delbert A. Fisher, Milo D. Appleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The diurnal variation in thyroidal iodine release previously observed in euthyroid subjects appears to correlate with variations in serum immunoassayable thyrotropin (TSH). The hypothesis is advanced that this diurnal rhythm seems to be primarily regulated by a negative feedback action of circulating hydrocortisone. The administration of maintenance doses of hydrocortisone to patients with primary adrenal insufficiency and pharmacological doses to euthyroid subjects was accompanied by an acute suppression in both thyroidal iodine release and serum TSH values. An escape from glucocorticoid suppression was observed to occur in 2 or 3 days with the resumption of a near-normal thyroidal iodine release rate but was accompanied by a dampening or absence of the normal diurnal rhythm. Withdrawal of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids in euthyroid subjects and maintenance doses in primary hypoadrenal patients was accompanied by transient stimulation of both serum TSH and thyroidal iodine release values. The study of a patient before and after cryohypophysectomy indicated that the rebound response in thyroid release after steroid withdrawal may be a useful testing procedure to indirectly assess the hypothalamicpituitary reserve capacity of TSH.
Oncologists' Experiences and Attitudes About Their Role in Philanthropy and Soliciting Donations From Grateful Patients
Authors: Jennifer K. Walter, Kent A. Griffith, Reshma Jagsi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Physician participation in philanthropy is important to marshal resources that allow hospitals to pursue their missions, but little is known about how physicians participate and their attitudes toward participation.To characterize philanthropic roles physicians play and their attitudes about participation and its ethical acceptability, medical oncologists affiliated with the 40 National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers were randomly sampled and surveyed to evaluate experiences and attitudes regarding participation in philanthropy at their institutions. Responses were tabulated; significant associations by physicians' characteristics were explored.A total of 405 (52%) physicians responded; 62% were men, and 72% were white. Most (71%) had been exposed to their institution's fundraising/development staff; 48% of those were taught how to identify patients who would be good donors; 26% received information about ethical guidelines for soliciting donations from their patients; 21% were taught how their institution ensures Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance. A third (32%) of respondents had been asked to directly solicit a donation from their patients for their institution, of whom half declined to do so. Those who had solicited from their patients had been in practice significantly longer (mean, 19 v 13 years; P < .001). A substantial minority (37%) felt comfortable talking to their patients about donation (men more than women, 43% v 26%; P = .008); however, 74% agreed it could interfere with the physician-patient relationship, and 52% believe conflict of interest exists.Institutions are asking physicians to directly solicit their patients for donations with variability in physicians' perceptions of the impact on relationships with patients and responses toward those requests.
Inoperable brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: what part does whole brain radiotherapy play in standard treatment?
Authors: R. Barton
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Lung cancer is the second commonest cancer in the UK with an incidence in 2006 of 37 100, and is the commonest cause of death from cancer, causing more than 33 000 deaths (22% of cancer deaths) each year.1 More than three-quarters of lung cancers fall into the histological category of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, 10% of patients with NSCLC present with symptomatic brain metastases, and between a quarter and a third of those who initially survive radical treatment for stage III NSCLC will go on to develop brain metastases during their remaining life span.2 It is anticipated that over the next decade, an increasing proportion will develop brain metastases as adjuvant chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced disease and chemotherapy for metastatic disease result in longer overall survival times.

For several decades, administration of steroids followed by whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been standard treatment for inoperable multiple brain metastases of any primary cancer. The duration of survival for patients with a diagnosis of multiple brain metastases is strongly influenced by their performance status and also by the presence or absence of active extracranial disease. Data from three North American clinical trials which studied dose and fractionation for WBRT were used to divide patients with brain metastases from a variety of primary sites into three prognostic subgroups using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA).3 The group identified as having the best survival were aged less than 65 years, had a Karnofsky Performance Status score ⩾70 and had controlled primary disease with no metastases outside the brain. In this group, termed RPA class I, median survival was …
The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and asthma: a systematic review
Authors: B D Havemann, C A Henderson, H B El-Serag
Journal: Gut (2007)

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) has been linked to a number of extra-esophageal symptoms and disorders, primarily in the respiratory tract. This systematic review aimed to provide an estimate of the strength and direction of the association between GORD and asthma.Studies that assessed the prevalence or incidence of GORD in individuals with asthma, or of asthma in individuals with GORD, were identified in Medline and EMBASE via a systematic search strategy.Twenty-eight studies met the selection criteria. The sample size weighted average prevalence of GORD symptoms in asthma patients was 59.2%, whereas in controls it was 38.1%. In patients with asthma, the average prevalence of abnormal oesophageal pH, oesophagitis and hiatal hernia was 50.9%, 37.3% and 51.2%, respectively. The average prevalence of asthma in individuals with GORD was 4.6%, whereas in controls it was 3.9%. Pooling the odds ratios gave an overall ratio of 5.5 (95% CI 1.9-15.8) for studies reporting the prevalence of GORD symptoms in individuals with asthma, and 2.3 (95% CI 1.8-2.8) for those studies measuring the prevalence of asthma in GORD. One longitudinal study showed a significant association between a diagnosis of asthma and a subsequent diagnosis of GORD (relative risk 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-1.8), whereas the two studies that assessed whether GORD precedes asthma gave inconsistent results. The severity-response relationship was examined in only nine studies, with inconsistent findings.This systematic review indicates that there is a significant association between GORD and asthma, but a paucity of data on the direction of causality.
Annual Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes in Children as Detected by Urine Glucose Screening in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Authors: Tatsuhiko Urakami, Shigeki Kubota, Yoshikazu Nitadori, Kensuke Harada, Misao Owada, Teruo Kitagawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

This study investigates the annual incidence and clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes among school-aged children as detected by urine glucose screening from 1974 to 2002 in the Tokyo metropolitan area.In total, 8,812,356 school children were examined for glucosuria. Morning urine was used for the analysis. When the urine was positive for glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out to confirm diabetes.In all, 232 students were identified to have type 2 diabetes. The overall annual incidence of type 2 diabetes was 2.63/100,000. The annual incidence after 1981 was significantly higher than that before 1980 (1.73 vs. 2.76/100,000, P < 0.0001). The annual incidence was significantly higher for junior high school students compared with primary school students (0.78 vs. 6.43/100,000, P < 0.0001). The overall male-to-female ratio of students with type 2 diabetes was 1.0:1.19 (P = 0.296), but it was 1.0:1.56 (P = 0.278) for primary school students. Overall, 83.4% of children with diabetes were obese (> or = 20% overweight). However, nonobese girls (<20% overweight) with diabetes accounted for 23.0% of the patients, whereas markedly obese boys (> or = 40% overweight) accounted for 61.5% of the patients. The frequency of a family history of type 2 diabetes in second- and first-degree relatives was 56.5%.We confirmed that the incidence of young people with type 2 diabetes increased after 1981 in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The increase in the frequency of this disorder seemed to be strongly related to an increasing prevalence of obesity. Age and genetic susceptibility may be associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
Homocysteine Thiolactone and Protein Homocysteinylation in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hieronim Jakubowski, Li Zhang, Arlene Bardeguez, Abram Aviv
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Editing of the nonprotein amino acid homocysteine by certain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases results in the formation of the thioester homocysteine thiolactone. Here we show that in the presence of physiological concentrations of homocysteine, methionine, and folic acid, human umbilical vein endothelial cells efficiently convert homocysteine to thiolactone. The extent of this conversion is directly proportional to homocysteine concentration and inversely proportional to methionine concentration, suggesting involvement of methionyl-tRNA synthetase. Folic acid inhibits the synthesis of thiolactone by lowering homocysteine and increasing methionine concentrations in endothelial cells. We also show that the extent of post-translational protein homocysteinylation increases with increasing homocysteine levels but decreases with increasing folic acid and HDL levels in endothelial cell cultures. These data support a hypothesis that metabolic conversion of homocysteine to thiolactone and protein homocysteinylation by thiolactone may play a role in homocysteine-induced vascular damage. ( Circ Res. 2000;87:45-51.)