tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid-Suppressible Hyperaldosteronism: A Clue to the Missing Hormone?
Authors: Patrick J. Mulrow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The discovery of primary aldosteronism sparked an intensive search for this syndrome in patients with hypertension. It is now generally accepted that primary aldosteronism is an infrequent cause of hypertension, yet this relatively rare disease has been subdivided into three distinct types. The most common type is due to an aldosterone-producing adenoma, which accounts for approximately 50 to 90 per cent of the cases. The second type is called idiopathic hyperaldosteronism and is thought to be due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. This type comprises a considerable percentage of the cases, although the distribution of patients between these two types varies . . .
CD40 Signaling and Plaque Instability
Authors: Uwe Schönbeck, Peter Libby
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Today, multiple lines of evidence support the view of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease and implicate components of the immune system in atherogenesis. Recent work has documented overexpression of the potent immune mediator CD40 and its counterpart CD40 ligand (CD40L) in experimental and human atherosclerotic lesions. Notably, interruption of CD40/CD40L interactions not only diminished the formation and progression of mouse atheroma, but also fostered changes in lesion biology and structure, which are associated in humans with "plaque stabilization." In accordance with the hypothesis that CD40 signaling promotes plaque instability, in vitro studies demonstrated that ligation of CD40 on atheroma-associated cell types, namely endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, mediates functions considered crucial to the process of atherogenesis, such as the expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, and procoagulants. The combination of the broad gamut of proatherogenic biological responses triggered by ligation of CD40 on endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages in vitro and the results of in vivo studies of interruption of CD40 signaling suggests a central role for this receptor/ligand dyad during atherogenesis, proposing CD40/CD40L interactions as a novel potential therapeutic target for this prevalent human disease.
Comprehensive and efficient analyses of T cell receptors for cancer antigens in peptide-vaccinated patients using a single cell-based gene cloning system
Authors: Hidetoshi Nakagawa, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Eiji Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Kishi, Atsushi Muraguchi, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Obtaining T cell receptor repertoires specific for cancer antigens in individuals is of great significance in terms of their relationships with the clinical courses and therapeutic application such as adoptive transfer. However, full analyses of T cell receptor (TCR) sequences
Diminished adherence of sickle erythrocytes to cultured vascular endothelium by piracetam
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian, Raymond L. Henry, C. Lynne Burek, Clement A. Diglio, Arnold I. Goldman, Gregory W. Taylor, William H. Hoffman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Erythrocytes from both normal and sickle cell donors were incubated on a bed of cultured rat vascular endothelial cells. Although the adherence of the erythrocytes to the endothelial cells was equivalent for both classes of donor, addition of 1.5 mM piracetam significantly decreased this adherence regardless of donor.
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF THE EXTRACELLULAR PRODUCTS OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Lewis W. Wannamaker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Concentrates of the extracellular products of group A streptococci were prepared which were essentially free of constituents of the medium. The extracellular products appeared to consist primarily of protein material. The yield of total extracellular products was of the order of magnitude of 10 mg. per liter of supernatant broth. When studied by zone electrophoresis, the concentrates showed protein over a wide distribution with distinct peaks in certain areas. The locations of streptolysin O, streptokinase, desoxyribonuclease, and ribonuclease activities were identified, and partial separation of these enzymes was achieved. Considerable variation in the electrophoretic patterns of the extracellular products from different strains was noted.
The Health Policy Agenda-Reply
Authors: Severine Brocki
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letter accurately identifies as one of the key Health Policy Agenda themes the concept that "the success of the health care system depends on... responsibilities of key participants, including consumers." However, there is much more than one recommendation dealing with this. There are four additional recommendations (numbers 59, 84, 87, and 145) that specifically address the importance of "a healthy life-style" and 11 others (numbers 79 to 83, 85, 86, 88 to 90, and 98) that outline the roles of business, government, the professions, third-party payers, health educators, and private organizations in the overall area of health promotion and disease prevention. One of the key concepts inherent in the Health Policy Agenda is that<i>all</i>of the participants in the health care system must clearly understand and actively pursue their respective roles and responsibilities if the system is to work. Nowhere is this more true than in
A prospective comparative trial between early endoscopy and radiology in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
Authors: F P McGinn, P B Guyer, B J Wilken, H W Steer
Journal: Gut (1975)

A prospective comparative trial is reported between the results of early endoscopy and barium meal examinations in 150 patients admitted with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. One hundred and thirty-eight patients underwent both investigations within 24 hours of admission. Emergency endoscopy accurately identified the source of haemorrhage in 86% of patients and emergency radiology identified the source in 51%. Misleading positive reports were given endoscopically in 3% and by barium meal in 8%. The identification of the source of haemorrhage was possible in 126 patients (91%) by the use of both methods. Emergency endoscopy is shown to be superior to emergency barium meal examination, but the examinations are complementary and both should be used for these patients.
Thrombocytopenia and Heroin
Authors: ANDREW J. FISHMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1981Thrombocytopenia and HeroinANDREW J. FISHMANN, M.D.ANDREW J. FISHMANN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-2-280_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The association between intravenous heroin use and thrombocytopenia was first described by Adams and associates (1). Although they were unable to detect platelet antibodies in any of their five patients, they concluded that the thrombocytopenia was secondary to a drug-induced immunologic process causing destruction of platelets peripherally. Subsequent case reports have confirmed their findings and the association of heroin-induced thrombocytopenia with a new adulterant causing "brown" heroin. However, the presence of antibodies responsible for the platelet destruction have not been described previously.A patient presented to Temple University Hospital in February 1979 with profound thrombocytopenia (platelet count,...References1. ADAMSRUFOTALARICOSILVERMANBRAUER WRLSM. Thrombocytopenia and intravenous heroin use. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:207-11. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CINESSCHREIBER DA. Immune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:106-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Temple University Hospital Philadelphia, PA 19140 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFollow-up after a six-month maintenance period on naltrexone versus placebo in heroin addictsPurpura thrombopénique immunologique et infection HIV chez les héroïnomanesImmune Thrombocytopenia in Narcotics AddictsMARTIN HEER, M.D., ARTHUR VON FELTEN, M.D.RECREATIONAL DRUGS: RELATIONSHIP TO AIDSOpioid analgesics and narcotic antagonists 1 February 1981Volume 94, Issue 2Page: 280-281KeywordsAntibodiesDrugsHeroinHeroin usePlatelets Issue Published: 1 February 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Sleep Apnea and Ventricular Irritability in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: S. Javaheri
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Patients with heart failure and systolic dysfunction may develop disordered breathing during sleep. Repeated episodes of apnea and hypopnea may result in desaturation and arousals, which could adversely affect left ventricular function. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on sleep-disordered breathing and its consequences in heart failure patients. Methods and Results —The author prospectively studied 29 male patients whose initial polysomnograms showed 15 or more episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour (apnea-hypopnea index, AHI). Twenty-one patients had predominately central and 8 patients obstructive sleep apnea. All were treated with CPAP during the subsequent night. In 16 patients, CPAP resulted in virtual elimination of disordered breathing. In these patients, the mean AHI (36±12 [SD] versus 4±3 per hour, P =0.0001), arousal index due to disordered breathing (16±9 versus 2±2 per hour, P =0.0001), and percent of total sleep time below saturation of 90% (20±23% to 0.3±0.7%, P =0.0001) decreased, and lowest saturation (76±8% versus 90±3%, P =0.0001) increased with CPAP. In 13 patients who did not respond to CPAP, these values did not change significantly. In patients whose sleep apnea responded to CPAP, the number of hourly episodes of nocturnal premature ventricular contractions (66±117 versus 18±20, P =0.055) and couplets (3.2±6 versus 0.2±0.21, P =0.031) decreased. In contrast, in patients whose sleep apnea did not respond to CPAP, ventricular arrhythmias did not change significantly. Conclusions —In 55% of patients with heart failure and sleep apnea, first-night nasal CPAP eliminates disordered breathing and reduces ventricular irritability.
Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) combined conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in standard-risk myeloid leukemia
Authors: Satoshi Takahashi, Yasuo Oshima, Shin-ichiro Okamoto, Kaichi Nishiwaki, Hitomi Nagayama, Tokiko Inoue, Arinobu Tojo, Kenzaburo Tani, Shigetaka Asano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We previously suggested that using a combined conditioning regimen including rhG-CSF with allogeneic BMT in refractory AML and CML in blast crisis might reduce the rate of relapse and improve disease-free survival, without any major side effects. In this study, we used the same protocol for 10 AML patients in complete remission (CR) and 6 CML patients in the chronic phase (CP). We compared disease-free survival as well as toxic side effects of the regimen with 6 AML patients in CR and 6 CML patients in CP treated with chemoradiotherapy without G-CSF. The conditioning regimen consisted of TBI and high-dose AraC. RhG-CSF was infused continuously at a dose of 5 microg/kg/day, starting 24 hr before the initial dose of total body irradiation (TBI) until the end of AraC therapy. In all 28 cases, there were no early stage deaths due to regimen-related toxicity (RRT). None of the 10 AML cases treated with the G-CSF combined regime relapsed. In 6 AML cases treated conventionally without G-CSF, one patient died of infection and another relapsed. There were no relapses in either CML group. In the combined G-CSF group, one patient died of interstitial pneumonitis 48 days after BMT, while the rest of the CML cases are still alive. There were no relapses with rhG-CSF and no serious adverse effects in terms of RRT, acute graft vs. host disease (GVHD), or leukocyte recovery.
History Precedes Ethics
Authors: Edward D. Berkowitz
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2001)

As a historian and not a member of the bioethics inner sanctum, I see the question of disability policy in somewhat different institutional terms than does Mark Kuczewski (2001). Let me use this piece to spell out four differences—on the general theory that you have to and the room where the metaphysics exam is being given before you can look into the soul of the student sitting next to you (to twist Woody Allen’s twist). First, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), passed in 1990, is not the central piece of disability legislation. More important in terms of the amount of money spent and the inouence it has over the lives of people with disabilities is Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDA).1 This program pays beneats to people who are unable to engage in substantial gainful activities. As a consequence, the program contains a conception of disability that equates being disabled with being unable to work, a direct contradiction of the central premise behind the ADA. Because SSDI was created in 1956, however, it has what might be called a prior claim on disability policy. Second, things in the policy and physical environments are not arbitrarily designed so much as they are historically determined. Historical precedent, not some spontaneous arbitrary decision, determines how high grocery shelves will be. What has come before exercises an important inouence over what comes next. Third, the question of service provision is not as amenable to dialogue as Kuczewski implies. Who does what to whom inevitably involves the question of power as mediated by politics. Inequities invariably follow from situations in which different groups have different amounts of power. In the case of disability, the blind, alone among groups with disabilities, received a special category of welfare provision in the 1935 Social Security Act, not because they were more needy but precisely because they were less needy: They had more power to control the political process. Further, the question of service provision contains inherent conoicts: The curb cuts that beneat people in wheel chairs work against the interests of the blind. Fourth and anally, as Kuczewski himself recognizes, the disabled are not so homogeneous a group that they can be spoken of in such global terms as “the community integration of the disabled.” My 92-year-old father-in-law needs someone to supervise his disintegration from the community; a 17-year-old mentally retarded person probably needs something else. So before bioethicists start doing the heavy lifting and looking into people’s souls, they might wish to orient themselves to the realties that deane the subject before them. I suggest history as a useful tool. To state this principle sharply, one might say that history precedes ethics or at least that it should in the case of disability ethics.
Canadian government boosts health research
Authors: G. Basky
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In last month's federal budget, the Canadian government threw its financial support behind a new plan to revive and reshape health research in this country.

The ruling Liberal party, under the prime minister, Jean Chretien, announced that they will increase their investment in health research by $C550m ($362m; £226m) over the next three years. A sizeable portion of this new money ($C240m) is earmarked for a new national research enterprise called the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).

The Medical Research Council-Canada's top funding agency since the …
Simultaneous tubal and uterine pregnancy.
Authors: C. B. Corrigan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

In 1965 routine virus studies in the Blackburn group of hospitals showed that not only polio virus, both wild and vaccine strains, were isolated but also the following entero- viruses: Coxsackie types A5, A9, B3, B4, and B5.E.C.H.O.types 3, 6, 7, 8, 15, and 22.Most of these cases occurred during July, August, and September.Infants infected with rubella in utero harbour the virus after they are born, and it can be isolated and even infect other susceptible individuals.We felt it worth while, therefore, to see if we could culture any enteroviruses from foetuses, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths where the first trimester of pregnancy coincided in whole or in part with the enterovirus outbreak.This was done in 23 cases and selection was random.In one case faeces only of a child who survived with an abnormality were examined.Investigation was not confined to infants who were con- genitally abnormal.Brain, lungs, faeces, and placenta were examined by conventional methods, being inoculated into monkey-kidney, human- amnion, and Hela-cell cultures.The foetal tissues and placentas were examined for histological changes.All results were negative except for one case.This was a full-term stillborn infant who had shown foetal distress.E.C.H.O.virus type 3 was isolated but the histology was negative.The mother's blood was examined in November 1966 and no E.C.H.O.antibodies were demonstrated.
October—Immunization Action Month
Authors: John J. Witte
Journal: JAMA (1975)

For the third consecutive year, October has been designated Immunization Action Month. As in the past, the 1975 campaign is designed to focus the attention of health care professionals and the general public on the inadequate immunization levels among preschool children (1 to 4 years old) against poliomyelitis, measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.  Immunization Action Month was initiated as a national campaign in 1973 to reverse the declining trend of immunization levels during the last decade. Prior to 1974, immunization levels in preschool children had declined significantly. With poliomyelitis vaccine, for example, 84.1% of preschool children were immunized in 1963 (three or more doses of vaccine); in 1973, the proportion had declined to 60.4%. Similar trends were noted for the other six communicable diseases.  Current vaccine distribution figures and the latest US Immunization Survey indicate that the declining immunization levels were stemmed in 1974. Nevertheless, these levels are
299. Increasing Gene Transfer and Oncolytic Potency of Adenoviruses in Orthotopic Models of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lotta Kangasniemi, Anna Kanerva, Mari Raki, Tuuli Ranki, Merja Sarkioja, Tuula Kiviluoto, Ulf-Hakan Stenman, Henrik Alfthan, Hongju Wu, David T. Curiel, Akseli Hemminki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Gene therapy with adenoviral (Ad) vectors is a promising modality for treatment of cancer. The primary limiting factor for Ad vectors is their dependence on the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is down-regulated in many cancers. However, this has not been studied in the context of gastric cancer, the fifth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Native Ad5 tropism can be modified to circumvent CAR deficiency. For instance, Ad5/3luc1 with serotype 3 fiber knob binds to a receptor distinct from CAR. The fiber of Ad5lucRGD is modified with an integrin-targeted arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif. Polylysine motifs pK7 and pK21 bind to heparan sulphates. The oncolytic potency of replicating agents is partly determined by their capability for infecting cells. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) are replication competent in tumor but not in non-cycling normal cells. |[Delta]|24 based CRAds with a 24 bp deletion in E1A region take advantage of tumor specific changes in the Rb pathway. Our hypothesis was, that capsid modified adenoviruses possess enhanced ability for transduction of gastric cancer cells and primary tumor tissues, and that this targeting would also benefit the oncolytic potency of CRAds.
Effect of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockade on Recovery of Coronary Flow and Left Ventricular Function After the Placement of Coronary-Artery Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Franz-Josef Neumann, Rudolf Blasini, Claus Schmitt, Eckhard Alt, Josef Dirschinger, Meinrad Gawaz, Adnan Kastrati, Albert Schömig
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Apart from its established effects on vessel patency after percutaneous coronary revascularization, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade by abciximab may improve myocardial perfusion by inhibition of the interaction of platelets and platelet aggregates with the microvasculature. We investigated the effect of abciximab with stent placement in acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results —In a prospective randomized trial, patients undergoing stenting in acute myocardial infarction within 48 hours after onset of symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either standard-dose heparin or abciximab plus low-dose heparin. Immediately after the procedure and at 14-day angiographic follow-up, we assessed flow velocity in the recanalized vessel with the Doppler wire and regional wall motion by the centerline method. End points were changes in papaverine-induced peak flow velocities and in wall motion indices. We assigned 98 patients to standard heparin and 102 to abciximab. We obtained 152 paired flow measurements and 151 paired left ventricular function studies. Residual stenoses of the treated lesions did not differ between the 2 groups. Improvement of peak flow velocity (mean [95% CI]: 18.1 cm/s [13.6 to 22.6 cm/s], n=80, versus 10.4 cm/s [5.4 to 15.4 cm/s], n=72, P =0.024) and wall motion index (0.44 SD/chord [0.29 to 0.59 SD/chord], n=79 versus 0.15 SD/chord [0.00 to 0.30 SD/chord], n=72, P =0.007) was significantly greater in patients assigned to abciximab than in those on heparin alone. At follow-up, the abciximab group had a higher global left ventricular ejection fraction than the heparin group (62% [59% to 65%] versus 56% [53% to 59%], P =0.003). Conclusions —Abciximab had important effects beyond the maintenance of large-vessel patency. It improved the recovery of microvascular perfusion and concomitantly enhanced the recovery of contractile function in the area at risk.
Antibodies are not essential for the resolution of primary cytomegalovirus infection but limit dissemination of recurrent virus.
Authors: S Jonjić, I Pavić, B Polić, I Crnković, P Lucin, U H Koszinowski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Virus shedding from the epithelial cells of the serous acini of salivary glands is a major source for the horizontal transmission of cytomegalovirus. These cells are, different to other tissues, exempt from CD8 T lymphocyte control. CD4 T lymphocytes are essential to terminate the productive infection. Here, we prove that T-B cooperation and the production of antibodies are not required for this process. For the infection with murine cytomegalovirus, mutant mice were used which do not produce antibodies because of a disrupted membrane exon of the immunoglobulin mu chain gene. Also, in these mice the virus clearance from salivary glands is a function of CD4 T lymphocytes. However, these mice clear the virus and establish viral latency with a kinetics that is distinguishable from normal mice. Reactivation from virus latency is the only stage at which the absence of antibodies alters the phenotype of infection. In immunoglobulin-deficient mice, virus recurrence results in higher virus titers. The adoptive serum transfer proved that antibody is the limited factor that prevents virus dissemination in the immunodeficient host.
TRANSIENT MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA INDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR MECHANICAL DYSSYNCHRONY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Naoto Takahashi, Masahiro Ishikawa, Arifumi Kikuchi, Eisei Yamamoto, Kenichi Amitani, Takahiro Uchida, Naoki Sato, Kazuo Munakata, Kyoichi Mizuno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)