tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Front-door concentrations and personal exposures of Danish children to nitrogen dioxide.
Authors: O Raaschou-Nielsen, H Skov, C Lohse, B L Thomsen, J H Olsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The aims of the study were to evaluate the front-door concentration of traffic exhaust fumes as a surrogate for the personal exposure of children and to study factors in the behavior and the environment of children that affect their personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)). The exposure to NO(2) of 103 children living in Copenhagen and 101 children living in rural areas of Denmark was studied by measuring average concentrations over 1 week with diffusive badge samplers placed outside the front door of the home, inside the child's bedroom, and on each child. Detailed information about the activities of the children involving potential exposure to NO(2) was noted in diaries. The results indicated that the front-door concentration of traffic pollution might be used to classify the personal exposure of urban children, although misclassification would be introduced. Multiple regression analysis showed several factors that affected the personal NO(2) exposure of the children independently, including the front-door concentration, the bedroom concentration, time spent outdoors, gas appliances used at home, passive smoking, and burning candles.
Abstract 3101: Transition from extrachromosomal to intrachromosomal amplification in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Nicolas Vogt, Anne Gibaud, Michelle Debatisse, Malfoy Bernard
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gene amplification is one of the genomic alterations found in cancer cells by which oncogenes may be over-expressed. Amplified sequences may be found within homogeneously staining regions of the chromosomes (hsr) or on autonomously replicating circular and acentric extrachromosomal DNA molecules, named double minutes (dmins). Integration of dmins is a recognized pathway for hsr formation, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still poorly understood. We analyzed three xenografted glioblastomas with dmins at early passages in mice that evolved in hsr at late passages. Using various approaches (FISH, PCR, quantitative-PCR, chromosome walking, DNA sequencing, genome-wide SNP analysis), we characterized the events leading to dmin formation, evolution and reintegration, and determined the structure of the integration sites. In all three glioblastomas, dmins constituted by the fusion of several syntenic or non-syntenic DNA fragments formed upon chromosome fragmentation were present at early passages. The fragments were fused by a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) mechanism. Later, a new type of dmin was formed by the fusion of fragments from both the initial dmin and other chromosomes, suggesting a second round of extensive DNA fragmentation. The new type of dmin then gave rise to an hsr. It is not known whether the new dmin was amplified extrachromosomally before reintegration or if one molecule was integrated, then amplified in the chromosome by a mechanism that did not involved breakage-fusion-bridge cycles since the target chromosome was not rearranged outside of the integration site. The integration sites were characterized at the nucleotide level. No preferential integration sequence was found. No significant homologies existed between extrachromosomal and intrachromosomal sequences at the integration sites. The structure of the integration site may be simple, with a single small deletion, or very complex, exhibiting deletions, duplication and insertion of fragments coming from other regions of the genome. Fusions between fragments were mainly driven by NHEJ. Current data allow us to propose a mechanism of hsr formation through integration of extrachromosomal DNA molecules. At the best of our knowledge, it is the first reported molecular characterization of hsr insertion sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3101. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3101
Refractory aplastic anemia: Concomitant therapy with antithymocyte globulin and high-dose corticosteroids
Authors: Kerry P. Pulver, Morris A. Flaum
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Bone marrow transplantation is possible for only a minority of patients with severe aplastic anemia. There has been successful treatment in some patients with immunosuppressive agents: high‐dose 6‐methylprednisolone, antilymphocyte globulin, and antithymocyte globulin. We report the successful treatment oftwo patients with severe aplastic anemia with the simultaneous adminstration of antithymocyte globulin and high‐dose 6‐methylprednisolone after failure with antithymocyte globulin and low‐dose corticosteroids.
Weight Gain Associated With Improved Glycemic Control in Population-Based Sample of Subjects With Type I Diabetes
Authors: Rena R Wing, Ronald Klein, Scot E Moss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Previous studies have suggested that weight gain is an identifiable risk of efforts to lower blood glucose with intensive insulin therapy in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. This study examined this relationship in a population-based sample of type I diabetic subjects participating in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Four hundred five adults (aged &amp;gt;21 yr) with type I diabetes, who were diagnosed before age 30 yr, were studied from 1980 to 1982 and in a follow-up examination from 1984 to 1986. Weight gain over the 4-yr interval averaged 1.8 ± 5.9 kg. Weight gain was significantly associated (r = −0.26, P &amp;lt; 0.001) with improvements in glycosylated hemoglobin levels; the quartile of subjects with the greatest improvements in glycemic control gained 3.4 kg, whereas the quartile of subjects with the smallest improvements in glycemic control lost 0.6 kg. Weight gain was also correlated with increases in the number of shots of insulin per day and change in the treatment regimen from one type of insulin to a combination of short- and long-acting insulins. These results suggest that weight gain may be an adverse consequence of improved glycemic control. Efforts to better understand the mechanism explaining weight gain and to prevent weight gain are needed.
Assessing Cancer Prevention Studies—A Matter of Time
Authors: Bettina F. Drake
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erlotinib Accumulation in Brain Metastases from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Visualization by Positron Emission Tomography in a Patient Harboring a Mutation in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Britta Weber, Michael Winterdahl, Ashfaque Memon, Boe S. Sorensen, Susanne Keiding, Leif Sorensen, Ebba Nexo, Peter Meldgaard
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Psychiatry services for elderly people. Team approach to assessment unproved.
Authors: T Helme, J Besson, E Fottrell
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Radiologists' advice about breast lumps EDITOR,-I write to correct the headline in the news section about the warning on unnecessary x ray examinations.'The advice regarding women with breast lumps is for any age, not just women under 50.It is not new but has been included in the second edition of our booklet of advice for referring clinicians, which is new.2There is no new joint report from the college and the National Radio- logical Protection Board on this topic.The college did, however, issue such a report in 19903: this endorsed the recommendation of the Forrest report on breast screening that it should be reserved for women aged 50-64.4
Pierce1, a Novel p53 Target Gene Contributing to the Ultraviolet-Induced DNA Damage Response
Authors: Young Hoon Sung, Hye Jin Kim, Sushil Devkota, Jusik Roh, Jaehoon Lee, Kunsoo Rhee, Young Yil Bahk, Han-Woong Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 genes are mutated or inactivated in most human cancers and mutually regulate each other. Recently, we reported that expression of diverse genes was altered in Rb-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). In this study, we found that Pierce1, a novel transcript upregulated in Rb-deficient MEFs, is a transcriptional target of p53. Although Pierce1 promoter did not respond to the ectopic expression of E2F1, it was strongly activated by p53 via 2 cis-elements. Consistently, the expression of Pierce1 was induced by genotoxic stresses that activate p53 but was not detected in p53-deficient MEFs. Pierce1 was posttranslationally stabilized by ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation, and UVC-activated ATR (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related) signaling suppressed proteosomal degradation of Pierce1 protein. Furthermore, knockdown of Pierce1 compromised the checkpoint response of wild-type MEFs to UVC irradiation, accompanying the diminished expression of p53 target genes. Together, our data suggest that Pierce1 is an important p53 target gene contributing to normal DNA damage response and may play crucial roles in maintaining genomic integrity against genotoxic stresses, including UVC irradiation. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10454–63. ©2010 AACR.
Relationship between cotinine levels, household and personal smoking habit and season in 9-14 year old children
Authors: R Ronchetti, E Bonci, G de Castro, F Signoretti, F Macri, GC Ciofetta, MP Villa, L Indinnimeo, FD Martinez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of salivary cotinine levels with individual and household smoking habits and with the season in a sample (n = 146) of Italian schoolchildren aged 9-14 yrs. Active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke were measured by means of a confidential standardized interview with each participating child and by a self-reported questionnaire administered to the parents. Saliva samples were obtained twice: during winter from all children and during spring from a randomly selected subgroup. "Active smokers" were significantly more likely to be males and to live with smoking family members. Frequency of detectable cotinine both in "nonsmokers" and "active smokers" was significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked by household members. However, for any level of smoking by parents detectable cotinine was more likely to be found in "active smokers" than in "nonsmokers". In "nonsmokers", the proportion of subjects with detectable cotinine decreased significantly in spring compared to winter, a finding not observed in "active smokers". In conclusion, we have demonstrated that passive smoking produces most effect in winter, and is linked to the amount and style of the parents' smoking, mainly related to smoking in presence of children. Conversely, salivary cotinine detected in spring appears to be derived mainly from active smoking.
Factors affecting the rate of iron mobilization during venesection therapy for genetic hemochromatosis
Authors: Paul C. Adams
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Although progressive iron accumulation is a characteristic feature of genetic hemochromatosis, the factors affecting the rate of iron mobilization by venesection have not been established. Venesection records were analyzed in 77 hemochromatosis homozygotes to study the factors affecting the rate of iron mobilization by venesection. The rate of iron mobilization was the iron removed divided by the time required to deplete iron stores (serum ferritin < 50 μg/L). Mean duration of venesection therapy was 1.4 years (range 0.44–3.6 years). All patients completed the therapy and there were no significant adverse effects. Rate of iron mobilization was higher in cirrhotics compared to non-cirrhotic patients (P = 0.04). Iron mobilization was inversely related to intestinal radioiron absorption (r = −0.45, P = .01). There was no significant relationship between iron mobilization and patient age, gender, serum ferritin, and hepatic iron concentration. Iron mobilization is increased in cirrhotics and patients with lower intestinal iron absorption. Venesection therapy is safe and well tolerated in all age groups. Am. J. Hematol. 58:16–19, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transient Potent BCR-ABL Inhibition Is Sufficient to Commit Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Irreversibly to Apoptosis
Authors: Neil P. Shah, Corynn Kasap, Christopher Weier, Minna Balbas, John M. Nicoll, Eric Bleickardt, Claude Nicaise, Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Racial/Ethnic Disparities Associated With Initial Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Devin S. Zarkowsky, Isibor J. Arhuidese, Caitlin W. Hicks, Joseph K. Canner, Umair Qazi, Tammam Obeid, Eric Schneider, Christopher J. Abularrage, Julie A. Freischlag, Mahmoud B. Malas
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Superior outcomes have been established with the use of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) at first hemodialysis. However, considering the influence of comorbidities, medical insurance, and specialist care, racial/ethnic differences in the patterns of utilization of AVFs are unknown and deserve evaluation.To assess national trends in initial hemodialysis access with respect to race/ethnicity stratified by comorbid disease, nephrology care, and medical insurance status within the US Renal Data System.A retrospective analysis of all patients with end-stage renal disease in the US Renal Data System who initiated hemodialysis between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010. Univariable statistics (χ² test and analysis of variance) and logistic regression were used to compare racial/ethnic groups (white vs black vs Hispanic). Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score-matching techniques were used to evaluate hemodialysis access rates between patients of different races/ethnicities with comparable characteristics.Utilization rates of AVF, arteriovenous graft, and intravascular hemodialysis catheter.In this cohort of 396,075 patients, more white patients initiated hemodialysis with an AVF than black patients or Hispanic patients (18.3% vs 15.5% and 14.6%, respectively; P < .001). Black patients and Hispanic patients initiated hemodialysis with an AVF less frequently despite being younger and having less coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer than white patients with an AVF. When stratified by medical insurance status, black patients (odds ratios, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.98] for uninsured and 0.85 [95% CI, 0.84-0.87] for insured) and Hispanic patients (odds ratios, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.65-0.81] for uninsured and 0.81 [95% CI, 0.79-0.84] for insured) persistently initiated hemodialysis with an AVF less frequently than white patients (P < .05 for all). Arteriovenous fistula utilization at initial hemodialysis was lower among black patients (odds ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.78-0.84]) and Hispanic patients (odds ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.82-0.90]) compared with white patients within the category of patients who had nephrology care for longer than 1 year (P < .001 for all).Black patients and Hispanic patients tend to initiate hemodialysis with an AVF less frequently than white patients despite being younger and having fewer comorbidities. These disparities persisted independent of factors that drive health access for fistula placement, such as medical insurance status and nephrology care. The sociocultural underpinnings of these disparities deserve investigation and redress to maximize the benefits of initiating hemodialysis via fistula in patients with end-stage renal disease irrespective of race/ethnicity.
Negative selection of patients for dialysis and transplantation in the United Kingdom.
Authors: S Challah, A J Wing, R Bauer, R W Morris, S A Schroeder
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In order to understand why the United Kingdom ranks low in the treatment of end stage renal failure a questionnaire investigating knowledge of current acceptance practice for dialysis and transplantation was sent to various groups of doctors throughout the country. The questionnaire comprised 16 case histories of patients with established end stage renal failure and associated social and medical problems. In each case the responding doctor was asked to indicate whether the patient would be suitable for treatment by dialysis or transplantation or both. The questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected sample of general practitioners and non-renal consultant physicians and their responses compared with those of all the nephrologists identified in the United Kingdom. The mean number of cases rejected by both general practitioners and non-renal consultant physicians was significantly higher than the number rejected by nephrologists. The findings suggest that underreferral of patients to dialysis and transplant units contributes to the current low acceptance rate of new patients into treatment programmes in the United Kingdom.
The Ventricular Vector and Polar Gradient
Authors: Z. Z. Zao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

Unlike Burger's polar vector, the ventricular vector is dependent on the time course of the ventricular electrical activity. Its unit is (μv·sec)2. Unlike Wilson's ventricular gradient, the polar gradient, a purely geometrical entity, is independent of the time course. Preliminary studies indicate that these four vectors may have complementary clinical value.
Airport noise and cardiovascular disease
Authors: S. Stansfeld
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The link seems real: planners take note

Environmental noise is an understudied environmental pollutant that has important implications for public health and policy. Although studies of exposure to aircraft noise have examined the risk of hypertension,1 few have examined the risk of cardiovascular disease.2 One early study suggested that exposure to aircraft noise around Schiphol airport, Amsterdam, was related to medical treatment for heart disease and hypertension and the use of cardiovascular drugs after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, height and weight, and socioeconomic differences.3 Two linked BMJ studies have investigated the association between cardiovascular disease and airport noise.4 5 

The study by Hansell and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f5432) found an increased risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease for both hospital admissions and mortality in relation to daytime and night-time exposure to aircraft noise in people living around Heathrow airport, London. The results were adjusted for area level ethnicity, social deprivation, lung cancer as a proxy for smoking, road traffic noise exposure, and air pollution. A dose-response association was seen between admissions to hospital for cardiovascular disease and the level of aircraft noise.4

In a separate study around …
Cyclosporine in severe childhood atopic dermatitis: A multicenter study
Authors: John Berth-Jones, Andrew Y Finlay, Irshad Zaki, Boon Tan, Helen Goodyear, Susan Lewis-Jones, Michael J Cork, Stanley S Bleehen, M.Sam Salek, B.Roger Allen, Peter Friedmann, John Harper, Richard D.R Camp, Steven Smith, Robin A.C Graham-Brown
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
Arsenic-induced enhancement of ultraviolet radiation carcinogenesis in mouse skin: a dose-response study.
Authors: Fredric J Burns, Ahmed N Uddin, Feng Wu, Arthur Nádas, Toby G Rossman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The present study was designed to establish the form of the dose-response relationship for dietary sodium arsenite as a co-carcinogen with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in a mouse skin model. Hairless mice (strain Skh1) were fed sodium arsenite continuously in drinking water starting at 21 days of age at concentrations of 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/L. At 42 days of age, solar spectrum UVR exposures were applied three times weekly to the dorsal skin at 1.0 kJ/m2 per exposure until the experiment ended at 182 days. Untreated mice and mice fed only arsenite developed no tumors. In the remaining groups a total of 322 locally invasive squamous carcinomas occurred. The carcinoma yield in mice exposed only to UVR was 2.4 +/- 0.5 cancers/mouse at 182 days. Dietary arsenite markedly enhanced the UVR-induced cancer yield in a pattern consistent with linearity up to a peak of 11.1 +/- 1.0 cancers/mouse at 5.0 mg/L arsenite, representing a peak enhancement ratio of 4.63 +/- 1.05. A decline occurred to 6.8 +/- 0.8 cancers/mouse at 10.0 mg/L arsenite. New cancer rates exhibited a consistent-with-linear dependence on time beginning after initial cancer-free intervals ranging between 88 and 95 days. Epidermal hyperplasia was elevated by arsenite alone and UVR alone and was greater than additive for the combined exposures as were growth rates of the cancers. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a new animal model for studying the carcinogenic action of dietary arsenite on skin exposed to UVR and should contribute to understanding how to make use of animal data for assessment of human cancer risks in tissues exposed to mixtures of carcinogens and cancer-enhancing agents.
Spontaneous Normalization of Valve Function After Failed Fibrinolytic Therapy for Left-Sided Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis
Authors: Ganesan Karthikeyan, Nagendra Boopathy Senguttuvan, Niveditha Devasenapathy, Vinay K. Bahl, Balram Airan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A NEW METHOD OF MEDICAL SOCIETY WORK
Authors: Charles L. Dana
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases has now worked successfully on new and unique lines for more than five years. I believe it is time that the profession should understand its methods and realize that the old-fashioned medical society meetings, with their set papers and more or less casual discussions, are not the ideal method of expression, although the accepted fashion of a hundred years. I propose to set forth the make-up, methods and aims of this new association; for I believe that they should be widely introduced in medical organizations generally. To begin at the beginning: The officers consist of a president, vice president, secretary-treasurer, assistant secretary-treasurer, and a commission of from twenty to thirty men, nominated by a committee and elected by the society. The membership is composed of physicians who belong to the neurologic societies of the United States and Canada,