tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Management: Individualized Treatment Based on Absolute Risk and the Potential for Benefit
Authors: Michael H. Alderman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Clinical practice often conflicts with epidemiologic evidence in the management of blood pressure. Antihypertensive therapy is generally prescribed if blood pressure exceeds some arbitrary level, thus committing many persons with minimal cardiovascular risk to long-term drug therapy. By contrast, below that level, regardless of cardiovascular risk, blood pressure reduction is rarely sought. Epidemiologic data, however, consistently show a continuous, positive, linear relationship of the height of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with the incidence of stroke and heart attack. No threshold level distinguishes those who will have a cardiovascular event from those who will not. In fact, most heart attacks and many strokes occur among persons with normal blood pressures. Observational experience suggests that benefit could be obtained from universal blood pressure reduction of even a few millimeters of mercury. This public health strategy can be augmented by identifying those individuals, at every level of blood pressure, whose risk for cardiovascular disease justifies the cost of pharmacologic intervention. Antihypertensive drug therapy will be most efficient and effective if directed at those who, by virtue of their constellation of risk factors or evidence of preclinical vascular disease, are likely to have a heart attack or stroke. The resulting redirection of clinical resources will spare many hypertensive persons whose absolute risk for a cardiovascular event is small, from life-long treatment. At the same time, other persons, currently classified as normotensive, will become candidates for blood pressure reduction because their cardiovascular risk is high.
Induction of HM1.24 peptide–specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by using peripheral-blood stem-cell harvests in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Ali Jalili, Shuji Ozaki, Tomoko Hara, Hironobu Shibata, Toshihiro Hashimoto, Masahiro Abe, Yasuhiko Nishioka, Toshio Matsumoto
Journal: Blood (2005)
Practice of Surgery: Current Review
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This epitomization, paring down more than 1,100 recent references, will appeal to all practicing surgeons. The diversity of scope ranges from a chapter that organizes the polyhormonal syndromes and multiple endocrine adenomatoses into abnormalities of a single (neuroectodermal) cell system, to a well-documented review of emergency medical transportation. Throughout, lucid illustrations depict the essence of surgical technique. The chapter on hiatus hernia presents a straightforward surgical approach to specific problems. The chapter on tumor immunology provides both documentation and speculation about the clinical relevance of tumor-specific antigens. Most gratifyingly, this chapter and the one on advances in transplantation do not lose the reader. The way that humoral antibodies can either cause rejection or mediate immunosuppression, or the reasons why incompatible grafts frequently succeed, receive excellent coverage. The author of the superb chapter on thoracic deformities, states that "pectus" means "breast," (assuming with most Americans that "breast" must mean "mammary gland,")
Meningoencephalitis and Brain Abscess Due to a Free-Living Amoeba
Authors: RICHARD J. DUMA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A 47-year-old diabetic woman developed fatal meningoencephalitis due to a free-living amoeba. The responsible organism appeared to be neither Naegleria nor Acanthamoeba-Hartmannella. Both acute and chronic (granulomatous) inflammatory reactions of the brain were present, and both cysts and trophozoite forms were readily visualized. The latest classification and methods of identification of such amoebae are reviewed and their threat to public health underscored. It should be realized that a variety of free-living amoebae exist in nature, which potentially can produce meningoencephalitis in humans, and that none of these organisms should be labeled or considered as "avirulent" or "nonpathogenic" until proved otherwise.
Caloric restriction modulates Mcl-1 expression and sensitizes lymphomas to BH3 mimetic in mice
Authors: Ophélie Meynet, Barbara Zunino, Lina Happo, Ludivine A. Pradelli, Johanna Chiche, Marie A. Jacquin, Laura Mondragón, Jean-François Tanti, Bruno Taillan, Georges Garnier, Julie Reverso-Meinietti, Nicolas Mounier, Jean-François Michiels, Ewa M. Michalak, Michel Carles, Clare L. Scott, Jean-Ehrland Ricci
Journal: Blood (2013)
SLEEPING SICKNESS, TSETSE, AND BIG GAME
Authors: G. Prentice
Journal: BMJ (1914)

game, and sleeping sickness in Nyasaland anid Rhodesia.Witih the exception of three furloughs spent in Britain I lhave been at work in the territories referred to since 1894.For many years after my arrival on Lake Nyasa my practice extended over a very wide area, and it so h-aprened that many of my jourileys were miade thiroughli districts whichi are no'w infested with tsetse fly.It lias becil my cuistomii to use riding animals whenever it was possible to do so.Frequently I lhad opportuniities of shliooting game as we travelled.In the eaarly days I frequently had dogs with mae.The presenice of riding animuals and(l good dogts m-la(le me very careful abotut the possibility of encountering tsetse fly wh-eni on tour, and a close observation was made when game was shot as to w-hetlher or not tsetsehappened to be about.Tinme and againi I-travelled througyh districts wlhere in pre-rinderpest (lays Arab caravans used to travel by niglht in order to avoidtheir animals being bitten by tsetse.Yet in those
Change to U-100 insulin does not appear to affect insulin absorption.
Authors: P G Swift, J D Kennedy, L S Gerlis
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Change to U-100 insulin does not appear to affect insulin absorption On 1 March a two year programme began in the United Kingdom of phased transfer of all diabetics requiring insulin to insulin in a strength of 100 units/ml.Factors affecting the absorption of insulin from subcutaneous tissues include site of injection,' exercise,2 dose,3 strength of the insulin, volume, and the patient's age.4We examined the effect of giving identical doses of soluble insulin in strengths of U-40 (40 units/ml) and U-100 (100 units/ml).
In vitro and in vivo evidence of PNH cell sensitivity to immune attack after nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Yoshiyuki Takahashi, J. Philip McCoy, Cristian Carvallo, Candido Rivera, Takehito Igarashi, Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Neal S. Young, Richard W. Childs
Journal: Blood (2003)
Ultrafine particles in the urban air: to the respiratory tract--and beyond?
Authors: Günter Oberdörster, Mark J Utell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In 1994, when we introduced the ultrafine particle hypothesis stating that ambient ultrafine particles (UFP; < 0.1 µm in aerodynamic diameter) may cause adverse health effects at the first Colloquium for Particulate Air Pollution and Human Mortality and Morbidity in Irvine, California, it was met with friendly skepticism as well as out-right dismissal.Arguments were that UFP are very short-lived and disappear through heterogeneous and homogeneous aggregation within seconds or minutes and therefore are toxicologically irrelevant.These arguments did not recognize that UFP are continuously generated or that ambient UFP contribute very little, if any, mass to ambient PM 10 (particles < 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter) or PM 2.5 (particles < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter).Indeed, the mass distribution of a typical urban aerosol among the different particle sizes may support this point (Figure 1).This attitude of skepticism has changed considerably.Research teams across the world are working now on UFP, forming multidisciplinary alliances between atmospheric scientists, engineers, epidemiologists, clinicians, and toxicologists.They investigate UFP sources, generation, physicochemical characteristics, behavior in ambient air, and potential effects and underlying mechanisms following their inhalation.Still, sound skepticism lingers, as demonstrated by the title of a presentation at the 2002 meeting of the Health Effects Institute: "Nanoparticles: Are They Real?"Obviously, there is no question that UFP are real, but it is also clear that we still do not know enough about them, despite significant progress in our understanding since 1994.Atmospheric UFP derived from gas-to-particle conversions have many sources, natural and anthropogenic, the latter being mostly derived from internal combustion Günter Oberdörster is an inhalation toxicologist who has been investigating effects and toxicokinetics of occupational and environmental particles for more than 25 years, more recently focusing on ultrafine particles.He is Professor of Toxicology and Director of the the U.S.
The Science of the Art of the Clinical Examination
Authors: David L. Sackett
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our first moments with a patient are packed with visual, auditory, and tactile information that determines both the effectiveness and the costs of our subsequent care. Of all the diagnoses that ever will be made, most are made during the history, and most of the rest during the physical examination. For example, Crombie<sup>1</sup>documented that 88% of diagnoses in primary care were established by the end of a brief history and some subroutine of the physical examination. Similarly, Sandler<sup>2</sup>found that 56% of patients in a general medical clinic had been assigned correct diagnoses by the end of their history, and that this figure rose to 73% by the end of their physical examination. Even when patients are referred to See also pp 2638 and 2645. specialty centers after exhaustive workups elsewhere, attention is appropriately refocused on the clinical examination: the patient's "story" and the physical examination. Indeed,
Lucid dreaming: Evidence and methodology
Authors: Stephen LaBerge
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Lucid dreaming provides a test case for theories of dreaming. For example, whether or not “loss of self-reflective awareness” is characteristic of dreaming, it is not necessary to dreaming. The fact that lucid dreamers can remember to perform predetermined actions and signal to the laboratory allows them to mark the exact time of particular dream events, allowing experiments to establish precise correlations between physiology and subjective reports, and enabling the methodical testing of hypotheses. [Hobson et al.; Solms]
Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity: Deeper insights into processes, but are they relevant to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?
Authors: Isabelle A. Leclercq, Derrick M. Van Rooyen, Geoffrey C. Farrell, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein and lipid synthesis, membrane biogenesis, xenobiotic detoxification and cellular calcium storage, and perturbation of ER homeostasis leads to stress and the activation of the unfolded protein response. Chronic activation of ER stress has been shown to have an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in obesity. However, the mechanisms that lead to chronic ER stress in a metabolic context in general, and in obesity in particular, are not understood. Here we comparatively examined the proteomic and lipidomic landscape of hepatic ER purified from lean and obese mice to explore the mechanisms of chronic ER stress in obesity. We found suppression of protein but stimulation of lipid synthesis in the obese ER without significant alterations in chaperone content. Alterations in ER fatty acid and lipid composition result in the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity and ER stress. Correcting the obesity-induced alteration of ER phospholipid composition or hepatic Serca over-expression in vivo both reduced chronic ER stress and improved glucose homeostasis. Hence, we established that abnormal lipid and calcium metabolism are important contributors to hepatic ER stress in obesity. (Hepatology 2011
ABC of poisoning. Psychoactive drugs.
Authors: J Henry, G Volans
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Tricyclic antidepressantsAmXrijyD IMost of the drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders are relatively toxic, and Amitriptyhgne & 3O since suicidal behaviour is often a feature of these conditions the risk of CHCH2CH2N ICH3)2 Metabolic acidosis produce hypotension, which may accentuate the hypoxaemia and metabolic MetHypokalaeiia a acidosis.Sudden death has been reported up to six days after overdose but is ____________________I__________ very rare.
Tropical Medicine Today
Authors: Thomas H. Weller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

SOME forty years ago Sir William Osler, in his presidential address to the Classical Association,1 commented:The extraordinary development of modern science may be her undoing. Specialism, now a necessity, has fragmented the specialties themselves in a way that makes the outlook hazardous ... Applying themselves early to research, young men get into back waters far from the main stream. They quickly lose the sense of proportion, become hypercritical, and the smaller the field, the greater the tendency to megalocephaly.Osler's concern for the development of science is relevant today, although I shall not here examine present-day population pressures in . . .
S136 The association between cough reflex sensitivity and serum ACE level in patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: A. Sinha, K. K. Lee, A. S. Patel, G. F. Rafferty, A. U. Wells, S. S. Birring
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Up to 80% of patients with sarcoidosis report a chronic cough. The aim of this study was to investigate whether heightened cough reflex sensitivity (CRS) is an important mechanism and to establish if factors such as gender, serum ACE level and radiographic stage influence sensitivity thresholds. <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty-four patients with sarcoidosis (mean (SEM) age 49 (2) years, 63% female) were recruited from a specialist clinic and underwent assessment of CRS by a single-breath inhalation capsaicin cough challenge test to determine the concentration causing 5 or more coughs (C<sub>5</sub>). Anthropometric data, spirometry, serum ACE levels and radiographic stage were recorded. The effects of gender, age, ethnicity, radiographic stage and serum ACE levels on cough reflex sensitivity were investigated. CRS data of 134 healthy subjects from a previous study were used for comparison (Prudon B et al, Chest 2005;127:550). <h3>Results</h3> CRS was heightened in patients with sarcoidosis compared to healthy subjects (geometric mean (logSD) C<sub>5</sub> 13.5 (0.5) vs 158.5 (0.6) μmol/l, p&lt;0.001). Female patients had a more sensitive cough reflex compared to males (geometric mean (logSD) C<sub>5</sub> 8.1 (0.5) vs 31.8 (0.5) μmol/l, p=0.007). Seven patients did not complain of cough; there was no difference in CRS compared to patients who reported cough (p=0.68). There was no difference in CRS between patients of Afro-Caribbean origin compared to non-Afro-Caribbean patients (geometric mean (logSD) C<sub>5</sub> 10.1 (0.5) vs 24.3 (0.6) μmol/l, p=0.09). Serum ACE levels correlated significantly with logC<sub>5</sub> (r=0.74, p&lt;0.001), with lower ACE levels being associated with a more sensitive cough reflex. There was no relationship between logC<sub>5</sub> and age (r=−0.40, p=0.054) or radiographic stage (p=0.83). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with sarcoidosis have a heightened CRS. This was increased to a greater degree in females, but age or radiographic stage had no effect. We report for the first time a link between serum ACE levels and cough reflex sensitivity, and hypothesise that low concentrations of serum ACE lead to increased airway tussigenic mediators such as bradykinin. Further studies should investigate whether cough receptors such as TRPV1 are upregulated in sarcoidosis.
Hepatitis C virus-specific B cell activation: IgG and IgM detection in acute and chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Isabella Quinti, Nassef F. Hassan, Diaa El Salman, Hassan Shalaby, Dina El Zimatty, Mohamed K. Monier, Ray R. Arthur
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)

Background/Aims/Methods: Immunological responses to hepatitis C virus infection have not been fully studied. In an attempt to clarify some immunopathogenetic aspects of B cell activation during acute and chronic hepatitis C virus infection and to identify markers of chronicity or of recovery, the humoral response in hepatitis C virus-infected patients was studied. Results: In children with acute jaundice, with negative markers of acute hepatitis A, B and E, six of 87 (6.9%) had detectable anti-HCV IgM, and only one (1.1%) had detectable anti-HCV IgG. In adults with acute jaundice, with negative markers of acute hepatitis A, B and E, ten of 23 (43.5%) had detectable anti-HCV IgM associated in eight patients with detectable anti-HCV IgG. In chronic hepatitis C virus-infected adult patients, all anti-HCV IgG seropositive, four of 14 (28%) patients had detectable HCV-IgM in serum. In vitro specific antibody production was inducible in a minority of patients. In acute and chronic hepatitis C virus-infection, IgM-HCV serology did not correlate with viremia as detected by polymerase chain reaction. Conclusions: Therefore, the polymerase chain reaction remains at the moment the only direct marker to demonstrate hepatitis C virus viral replication in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis while anti-HCV IgM analysis alone has only a limited diagnostic value in hepatitis C virus-infection.
Was Feuerbach right: are we what we eat?
Authors: Giovanni Cizza, Kristina I. Rother
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Food and stress are powerful modulators of the body-mind connection, which is imbalanced in obese individuals. Why do we choose chocolate over an apple when overworked and stressed, and why does comfort food make us feel better? Two independent studies in the JCI, one in this issue, home in on the role of stress on gut hormones and food choices and, conversely, on the effect of the intestinal system on modulation of brain activity by sadness. These studies broaden our understanding of the ties between food and mood and underscore promising targets for obesity treatments.
Do IRBs Protect Human Research Participants?
Authors: Christine Grady
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INTRA-ABDOMINAL HEMORRHAGE FROM STOMACH DUE TO OSTEOPATHIC TREATMENT: REPORT OF CASE
Authors: B. J. O'Neill
Journal: JAMA (1922)

This case is reported because it illustrates one of the possible dangers of indiscriminate mechanotherapy. <h3>History.</h3> —A woman, aged 22, single, eleven hours before admission, had been seized with severe abdominal pain and slight vomiting shortly after eating radishes, which had always disagreed with her. A person calling himself an osteologist, and claiming to be an improvement over the osteopath, was called in and subjected her to vigorous abdominal massage, followed by manipulation of the neck. To accomplish this, he threw her face downward over his knee, striking her abdomen against his knee. This caused an immediate increase in the abdominal pain, of such a degree that the osteologist was ordered out of the house. Pain continued, became colicky in character, and vomiting increased. The patient was taken to the hospital for treatment. The past history was negative, except for some indigestion and some slight pain on menstruation. <h3>Examination.</h3> —The
Religious nonprofit groups won't have to pay for birth control under Affordable Care Act proposals
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Women who work for nonprofit religious institutions such as hospitals and universities will get free birth control without their employers paying, under new proposals from the Obama administration.

The proposals come after a growing movement of more than 50 organizations challenged the Affordable Care Act’s requirement that employees’ health insurance plans cover contraception. Among the most recent was Hobby Lobby, a national arts and crafts retail chain run by a family with strong religious beliefs.1

Under the new proposals, the eligible organizations …
Appeals from candidates in MRCP(UK) examinations
Authors: A. T. Elder
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Sokol recently discussed the appeal process for medical royal college and faculty examinations.1 His historical reference to the Royal College of Physicians might lead readers to believe that the candidate described had taken an MRCP(UK) (membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom) examination.

This is not the case. MRCP(UK), which delivers examinations …
Tachycardia-Dependent Left Bundle Branch Block Associated with Bradycardia-Dependent Variable Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: S. SERGE BAROLD, LEO SCHAMROTH
Journal: Circulation (1973)

This report describes tachycardia- and bradycardia-dependent left bundle branch block in a patient who exhibited normal intraventricular conduction with impulses intermediate in timing. During bradycardia, longer cycles were associated with increasing degrees of incomplete left bundle branch block. These clinical observations support the existence of slow Phase 4 depolarization of latent pacemaker cells as one of the mechanisms for abnormalities of conduction.
Imatinib plus steroids induces complete remissions and prolonged survival in elderly Philadelphia chromosome–positive patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia without additional chemotherapy: results of the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) LAL0201-B protocol
Authors: Marco Vignetti, Paola Fazi, Giuseppe Cimino, Giovanni Martinelli, Francesco Di Raimondo, Felicetto Ferrara, Giovanna Meloni, Achille Ambrosetti, Giovanni Quarta, Livio Pagano, Giovanna Rege-Cambrin, Loredana Elia, Raffaello Bertieri, Luciana Annino, Robin Foà, Michele Baccarani, Franco Mandelli
Journal: Blood (2007)