tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recruitment methods for screening programmes: trial of a new method within a regional osteoporosis study.
Authors: M. J. Garton, D. J. Torgerson, C. Donaldson, I. T. Russell, D. M. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To estimate the response rates and operating costs of three recruitment methods within a regional osteoporosis screening programme. DESIGN--Randomised trial of three types of invitation letter: one offering fixed appointments with option to change time, one offering fixed appointments but requiring telephoned confirmation of intention to attend, and one inviting recipient to telephone to make an appointment. SETTING--Osteoporosis screening unit, Aberdeen. SUBJECTS--1200 women aged 45-49 years living within 32 km of Aberdeen and randomly selected from the community health index. 400 women were randomised to each appointment method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Numbers attending for screening; default rate among women who confirmed appointments; social class of attenders; cost per appointment slot and per completed scan. RESULTS--299 (75%), 277 (69%), and 217 (54%) women were scanned after fixed, confirmable, and open invitations respectively. Women who attended were given a questionnaire, and 694 (87.5%) returned it. No significant differences were found in the social class of attenders among the three methods. Of the 514 women who made or confirmed appointments, 494 attended for a scan. Total costs per scan were 25.00 pounds, 21.40 pounds, and 21.00 pounds for fixed, confirmable, and open invitations respectively. CONCLUSIONS--The offer of a fixed appointment requiring telephoned confirmation has the potential to reduce the costs of scanning without exaggerating any social bias or significantly reducing response rates provided that empty appointments can be rebooked at short notice.
Mitochondrial Expression and Functional Activity of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein in Different Multiple Drug-Resistant Cell Lines
Authors: Michela Solazzo, Ornella Fantappiè, Massimo D'Amico, Chiara Sassoli, Alessia Tani, Greta Cipriani, Costanza Bogani, Lucia Formigli, Roberto Mazzanti
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is characterized by the overexpression of a few transport proteins at the plasma membrane level, one of which is the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). These proteins are expressed in excretory organs, in the placenta and blood-brain barrier, and are involved in the transport of drugs and endogenous compounds. Because some of these proteins are expressed in the mitochondria, this study was designed to determine whether BCRP is expressed at a mitochondrial level and to investigate its function in various MDR and parental drug-sensitive cell lines. By using Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence confocal and electron microscopy, flow cytometry analysis, and the BCRP (ABCG-2) small interfering RNA, these experiments showed that BCRP is expressed in the mitochondrial cristae, in which it is functionally active. Mitoxantrone accumulation was significantly reduced in mitochondria and in cells that overexpress BCRP, in comparison to parental drug-sensitive cells. The specific inhibitor of BCRP, fumitremorgin c, increased the accumulation of mitoxantrone significantly in comparison with basal conditions in both whole cells and in mitochondria of BCRP-overexpressing cell lines. In conclusion, this study shows that BCRP is overexpressed and functionally active in the mitochondria of MDR-positive cancer cell lines. However, its presence in the mitochondria of parental drug-sensitive cells suggests that BCRP can be involved in the physiology of cancer cells.
1073. Cell Tropism of JC-Virus Derived Viral-Like Particles In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Perry Liu, Linda Cashion, Hu Sheng Qian, Oliver Ast, Andrzej Citkowicz, Susan Harvey, Branka Mitrovic, Mary Rose Masikat, Brent Larsen, Richard N. Harkins, Gabor M. Rubanyi, Harald Petry
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The goal of the present study was to explore the tropism of Virus-Like Particles (VLP) originating from the human polyoma JC- virus (JCV) in vitro and in vivo. VLP have been known for several years to be a promising alternative to the existing viral and non-viral DNA delivery systems. VLP are self-assembled structures composed only of proteins necessary for capsid formation, DNA packaging and gene delivery. They are replication deficient, exhibit a similar morphology and presumably share the same cell tropism, cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking mechanisms compared to their viral origin. VLP from JCV are being evaluated as a delivery vector for the central nervous system (CNS) because JCV preferentially infects both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. VLP were produced by expressing VP1 from JCV in insect cells and purified by DEAE Sepharose chromatography. Before DNA packaging the VLP were dissociated into VP1 pentamers by a DTT/ EGTA treatment and contaminating DNA was removed. The purified VP1 pentamers were used for packaging, either EGFP or luciferase expressing DNA. Using VP1-VLP containing plasmid DNA expressing EGFP, we performed transduction assays in a panel of human and rodent brain-derived and non-brain derived cell lines in order to characterize the in vitro tropism and species specificity of VP1-VLP. Both human and rodent cell lines could be transduced. The highest transduction efficiency was observed in TC620 cells, a human oligodendroglioma line. In contrast, with the exception of one human prostate cell line (PC-3), VP1-VLP transduction was not observed in any non-brain-derived human or rodent cell line studied including those from kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and vascular endothelium. VP1-VLP transduction was also tested in primary brain cells from rats and humans. Transduction activity was detected in both human and rat primary brain cells. Among the brain cells from rats VP1-VLP preferentially transduced oligodendrocytes. To test transduction activity in vivo, VP1-VLP containing a luciferase expression plasmid were injected into the brain of mice. After stereotaxic injection, luciferase expression was measured non-invasively with a bioluminescence imaging system over a time period of 12 weeks. Luciferase expression reached peak levels at week 6 following injection. The level of expression then became relatively stable for another 6 weeks, when the experiment was terminated. In the present study we showed that JCV-derived VP1-VLP have a tropism for brain cells in vitro and in vivo. Tests with primary rat cells in vitro indicated that the VP1-VLP can be used to specifically transduce oligodendrocytes. Based on the in vivo data obtained in mice VP1-VLP may be used as an effective delivery vector to achieve long term expression in the brain.
Low density lipoprotein is protected from oxidation and the progression of atherosclerosis is slowed in cholesterol-fed rabbits by the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-phenylenediamine.
Authors: C P Sparrow, T W Doebber, J Olszewski, M S Wu, J Ventre, K A Stevens, Y S Chao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) may play an important role in atherosclerosis. We found that the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) inhibits in vitro LDL oxidation at concentrations much lower than other reported antioxidants. To test whether DPPD could prevent atherosclerosis, New Zealand White rabbits were fed either a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol and 10% corn oil (control group) or the same diet also containing 1% DPPD (DPPD-fed group) for 10 wk. Plasma total cholesterol levels were not different between the two groups, but DPPD feeding increased the levels of triglyceride (73%, P = 0.007) and HDL cholesterol (26%, P = 0.045). Lipoproteins from DPPD-fed rabbits contained DPPD and were much more resistant to oxidation than control lipoproteins. After 10 wk, the DPPD-fed animals had less severe atherosclerosis than did the control animals: thoracic aorta lesion area was decreased by 71% (P = 0.0007), and aortic cholesterol content was decreased by 51% (P = 0.007). Although DPPD cannot be given to humans because it is a mutagen, our results indicate that orally active antioxidants can have antiatherosclerotic activity. This strongly supports the theory that oxidized LDL plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Hemorrhagic Diathesis Caused by Drinking an Herbal Tea
Authors: Redmond P. Hogan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

"NATURAL" foods and herbal medicines have gained substantial popularity in the United States during the past two decades. These products often are assumed to be free of toxic side effects and are used in an effort to improve general health and well-being. This report describes a young woman in whom abnormal clotting function and mild clinical bleeding developed as a result of ingestion of an herbal tonic. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 25-year-old woman consulted her gynecologist because of menometrorrhagia. A small mass was palpated on pelvic examination, and the patient was admitted to the hospital for laparoscopy. A small amount of endometriosis was found, and the mass effect was thought to result from an unusually placed ovary. She was discharged from the hospital but continued to have abnormal menstrual bleeding. Her condition was reevaluated three weeks later, and she was found to have a prothrombin time of 53.4 s
Long term potentiation and CaM-sensitive adenylyl cyclase: Long-term prospects
Authors: Warren Heideman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The type I CaM-sensitive adenylyl cyclase is in a position to integrate signals from multiple inputs, consistent with the requirements for mediating long term potentiation (LTP). Biochemical and genetic evidence supports the idea that this enzyme plays an important role inc LTP. However, more work is needed before we will be certain of the role that CaM-sensitive adenylyl cyclases play in LTP.
Rites of Passage: Adolescence in America, 1790 to the Present
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Although adolescence was hardly recognized as a crucial life stage or social problem before 1900, Kett has assembled a wealth of information about the schooling, work, family relationships, and experiences of teenagers at various periods of our history. In the early 19th century, boys and girls attended school sporadically, worked on farms, in factories, or in shops, and often left home early. Gradually school attendance increased, occupations became more varied, and greater social class differences developed. Around 1900 many adult-sponsored organizations flourished—Christian Endeavor, YMCA, Boy Scouts, most of which have declined in recent decades. Around 1920 adults became more worried about "flaming youth," young people perhaps became more conscious of themselves, and discussion of intergenerational conflict was more prevalent. Kett notes, "Since the end of World War II, investigation into youth subculture has become virtually an autonomous branch of sociology." This interesting historical study may not help us understand individual
Acquisition of full effector function in vitro paradoxically impairs the in vivo antitumor efficacy of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells
Authors: L. Gattinoni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

T cell differentiation is a progressive process characterized by phenotypic and functional changes. By transferring tumor-specific CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing mice at various stages of differentiation, we evaluated their efficacy for adoptive immunotherapy. We found that administration of naive and early effector T cells, in combination with active immunization and IL-2, resulted in the eradication of large, established tumors. Despite enhanced in vitro antitumor properties, more-differentiated effector T cells were less effective for in vivo tumor treatment. Several events may underlie this paradoxical phenomenon: (a) downregulation of lymphoid-homing and costimulatory molecules; (b) inability to produce IL-2 and access homeostatic cytokines; and (c) entry into a proapoptotic and replicative senescent state. While the progressive acquisition of terminal effector properties is characterized by pronounced in vitro tumor killing, in vivo T cell activation, proliferation, and survival are progressively impaired. These findings suggest that the current methodology for selecting T cells for transfer is inadequate and provide new criteria for the generation and the screening of optimal lymphocyte populations for adoptive immunotherapy.
Laboratory Facilities for the Practicing Physician
Authors: Donnell W. Boardman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE transition from house officer to practicing physician is a monumental and rude one. Not the least significant hazard is the changed relation of the clinical laboratory to the doctor. The house officer has taken for granted the battery of tests available in a hospital laboratory, resting comfortably on the support that their accessibility, reliability, interpretation and relative freedom from economic pressures provide. He has had no concern in the maintenance of the laboratory, its equipment, reagents, personnel, technics and morale or its rapport with the clinicians it serves. All this has been another's responsibility till he ventures into practice . . .
Current hepatology Vol 3
Authors: R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1984)

Serological markers in fulminant hepatitis B SIR,-We were surprised that the interesting study of serological markers in fulminant hepatitis from King's College Hospital1 did not mention the possibility of delta infection in some patients.Delta hepatitis is more likely to result in fulminant hepatic failure than ordinary hepatitis B, as some of the authors have themselves described elsewhere.2In this unit, one third of patients with HBsAg positive fulminant hepatitis have serological markers of acute delta infection,3 and the majority of cases of fulminant delta hepatitis occur in conjunction with acute hepatitis B, as witnessed by positive hepatitis B core IgM tests, rather than in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Although the delta agent requires the presence of HBV to establish itself, it subsequently suppresses the production of HBV markers.This has been best observed in chronic HBV infection complicated by superinfection with delta, both in man4 5 and in chimpanzees.6It is uncertain what happens to HBV replication in acute HBV with delta infection.Patients with acute delta hepatitis are invariably HBsAg positive but the effect of simultaneous delta infection on the level and persistence of markers of acute HBV infection has, as far as we are aware, not been studied.It would be of interest to screen all the patients with fulminant hepatitis described by Gimson et all for markers of acute delta infection, including those who at presentation were already anti-HBs positive.
The role of Skp2 in hematopoietic stem cell quiescence, pool size, and self-renewal
Authors: Jing Wang, Fei Han, Juan Wu, Szu-Wei Lee, Chia-Hsin Chan, Ching-Yuan Wu, Wei-Lei Yang, Yuan Gao, Xian Zhang, Yun Seong Jeong, Asad Moten, Felipe Samaniego, Peng Huang, Quentin Liu, Yi-Xin Zeng, Hui-Kuan Lin
Journal: Blood (2011)
Study of general practice consultations and menopausal problems. Oxford General Practitioners Menopause Study Group.
Authors: D H Barlow, J A Brockie, C M Rees
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the nature of work related to the menopause in general practice. DESIGN--Questionnaire study over six months among general practitioners after each consultation with a woman aged 40-69 at which issues related to the climacteric had been discussed. SETTING--9 General practices in the Oxford area. SUBJECTS--416 Women who had 572 consultations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Age, menopausal state, and first or subsequent consultation. Symptoms were classified together with the treatment and the outcome of the consultation. RESULTS--The consultation rate varied greatly between practices, the overall rate being 4.4%. There were many premenopausal women and women in their 60s presenting; women with hysterectomies presented more often--36% (37/103) of women with hysterectomies had more than one consultation compared with 26% (38/144) for premenopausal women and 24% (38/155) for postmenopausal women. 409 women had symptoms and 218 were prescribed oestrogen treatment. 156 of the consultations involved discussion and advice only. Only four women were referred to a local specialist clinic. CONCLUSION--There is a low overall use of hormone replacement therapy in the general postmenopausal population despite the recent media coverage of its benefits in the prevention of osteoporosis and subsequent fractures.
NC-02 * IMPROVEMENTS IN NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOMAS AFTER AWAKE CRANIOTOMY
Authors: C.-H. Chiu, P.-Y. Chen, Y.-X. Wu, K.-C. Wei, C.-C. Yang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVES: Neurocognitive deficit is the most common sequela in patient with gliomas underwent craniotomy. Such symptom might impact their quality of life (QoL). Awake surgery (AC) not only maximizes the extent of resection, but also preserve important neurological function, particular in speech. However, little is known regarding the changes of other neurocognitive functions and its effect on QoL after AC. This study was to investigate the changes of neurocognitive functions in acute (7 days after surgery) and subacute stage (3 months after surgery), and to examine the relationship between neurocognitive functions and QoL in patients with gliomas underwent AC. METHODS: Nine patients with gliomas occupied near eloquent area in left hemisphere received AC. Neuropsychological functions including executive function, memory, language and information processing were evaluated at pre-operation (T1), 7 days (T2) and 3 months (T3) after surgery. WHOQOL-BREF was used to assess QoL at the same time points. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in either measurement of neurocognitive function between T1 and T2. However, the scores of Trail-Making Test-A, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Sentence Repetition Test (SR) were significant improvement at T3 compared to T1. The Mini-Mental State Examination, FAB and SR significantly improved at T3 compared with T2. In terms of QoL, the performance on the Object Naming Test T1 was significantly associated with QoL in the social domain at T2, and the score of Confrontation Visual Naming Test at T2 related to QoL in the physiological, psychological, and environmental domains at T3. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the improvements in specific neurocognitive functions, especially language and executive functions during acute stage. Specific core linguistic function is associated with QoL after AC. A larger sample size is required for future study.
Comparative DNA analyses in longstanding ulcerative colitis with aneuploidy.
Authors: R Lofberg, T Caspersson, B Tribukait, A Ost
Journal: Gut (1989)

In seven patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis, multiple mucosal biopsies taken at colonoscopy were assessed for DNA content and histological dysplasia. DNA analyses were performed using flow cytometric analyses in biopsies and microspectrophotometry in imprint slides prepared from the biopsies. Abnormal aneuploid DNA content was detected in five of the patients in eight separate locations in the colon. There was good conformity between the two methods in the detection of aneuploidy. Both methods of DNA analysis are considered to be applicable in mucosal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis. In two patients with significant low grade dysplasia in association with macroscopical lesions (DALMs), there was a relationship with aneuploid DNA pattern found by flow cytometric or microspectrophotometric analyses. Indefinite changes, probably dysplastic were found in three other patients and two of those also displayed aneuploidy, although only once in the same biopsy location. In five locations aneuploidy was detected without concomitant dysplasia. DNA-aneuploidy seems therefore to appear earlier than dysplasia and may be an early marker of malignant transformation of the mucosa in ulcerative colitis. Prospective trials are needed before the clinical significance of early findings of aneuploidy can be determined.
Students Educating About Drugs
Authors: GERARD C. JEBAILY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 January 1973Students Educating About DrugsGERARD C. JEBAILYGERARD C. JEBAILYSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-1-155_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent letter to the editor Dr. Robert F. Thompson described how he developed his own philosophy regarding the use of drugs during his years in practice in spite of what he was taught in medical school ("Too Much Use of Drugs," July 1972). Dr. Thompson wrote of the 50-year-old physician and of the 35-year-old physician, who finished medical school as late as 1962, and how each developed his own pattern of prescribing. Dr. Thompson will be dismayed to learn that legal pill-pushing is still very much a part of the medical curriculum. In particular, it... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERARD C. JEBAILYAffiliations: Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, S.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChemical Dependency Education within Medical Schools: Supervised Clinical Experience 1 January 1973Volume 78, Issue 1Page: 155-155KeywordsDrugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hydatid Disease - Echinococcus Granulosus Infection
Authors: Christoph Hanck
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)

A 60-year-old Turkish woman presented with a rapidly growing cystic enlargement of the liver. Ultrasound at admission revealed multiple liver cysts without calcifications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to evaluate resectability. Transversal and coronal T1- and -weighted MRI through the level of the lesion demonstrated a septate cystic mass with multiple large “daughter cysts” within a well-defined fibrous capsule (18.6×12.5×18 cm). A strong mass effect upon adjacent structures was apparent. Measurement of antibodies specific for Echinococcus granulosus confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid disease (ELISA: E. granulosus EIA positive, echinococcus IHA 1:400). The patient was treated with albendazole (10 mg/kg body mass) for 4 weeks and a total of two cycles with a 2-week break between. However, operation was refused and the patient left Germany for a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Differential diagnosis of echinococcosis and polycystic liver cysts based on MRI imaging may be difficult and is not possible based on the thickness of the cyst wall. Cysts with different densities may suggest hydatid disease rich in accumulated scolices but do not allow differentiation from bleeding into a cyst - which may reveal similar findings. The only pathognomonic signs, which allow a differential diagnosis based on MR imaging between polycystic liver cysts and hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) are daughter cysts, which are demonstrable within a larger cyst.
Catalytic converters for exhaust emission control of commercial equipment powered by internal combustion engines.
Authors: J G Cohn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The development of PTX, monolithic catalytic exhaust purifiers, is outlined, and their first use for exhaust emissions control of commercial equipment is described. The main use of PTX converters is on forklift trucks. The purification achievable with PTX-equipped fork-lift trucks under various operational conditions is discussed, and examples from the field are given. During more than ten years of operation, no adverse health effects have been reported, and PTX-equipped internal combustion engines appear safe for use in confined areas.