tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What factors influence prognosis in children with acute cough and respiratory tract infection in primary care?
Authors: G. Hayward, M. Thompson, A. D. Hay
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To compare the efficacy of oral sweet solutions to water or no treatment in infants aged 1–12 months during immunisation. <h3>Methods</h3> Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved through internet searches or manual searches of reference lists. Search terms included newborn, infant, pain, sucrose and alternative names for sweet solutions. Summary estimates with 95% CIs were calculated and included relative risk (RR), risk difference (RD) and number needed to treat to benefit (NNTB) for dichotomous outcomes, and weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous outcomes. Where pooling of results was not possible, a narrative summary of study results is presented. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 695 studies identified, 14 RCTs with 1674 injections met the inclusion criteria. Sucrose or glucose, compared to water or no treatment decreased crying during or following immunisation in 13 of the 14 studies. Infants receiving 30% glucose (three trials, 243 infants) had a decreased RR in crying incidence following immunisation (typical RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93; RD −0.17, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.05; NNTB 6, 95% CI 3 to 20). With sucrose or glucose, there was a 10% WMD reduction in proportion of crying time (95% CI −18 to −2) and a 12 s reduction in crying duration (95% CI −23 to −0.7 s). An optimal dose of sucrose or glucose could not be ascertained due to the varied volumes and concentrations used. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Infants aged 1–12 months administered sucrose or glucose before immunisation had moderately reduced incidence and duration of crying. Healthcare professionals should consider using sucrose or glucose before and during immunisation.
When There Are Only Two Who Can Tango: Ethical Concerns at the Juncture of Highly Novel Interventions and Precisely Targeted Research Populations
Authors: Mark Yarborough
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

"When There Are Only Two Who Can Tango: Ethical Concerns at the Juncture of Highly Novel Interventions and Precisely Targeted Research Populations." The American Journal of Bioethics, 15(4), pp. 85–86
Art and Medicine
Authors: Lawrence C. McHenry
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The visual arts in the late 18th century reached a new sophistication in the wax portraits and scenic panels created by such artists as Samuel Percy (1750-1820).<sup>1</sup>A Dubliner, Percy had begun dabbling with wax as a child. By the early 1770's he had achieved considerable reputation for his portraits in colored wax. When he came to London in 1777, he had won such acclaim that he became medallion modeler to His Majesty the King. Percy exhibited at the Royal Academy several times and here met Sir Joshua Reynolds and other London notables, most likely including Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784). Although Percy's original medallions and portraits brought him fame, in the latter part of the century his creativity expanded and he began adding new features to his work. For example, he would place the lifelike model in his favorite room complete with furniture and with the scenery modeled in
Outcome Definitions and Predictors in Depression
Authors: Joyce Tedlow, Maurizio Fava, Lisa Uebelacker, Andrew A. Nierenberg, Jonathan E. Alpert, Jerrold Rosenbaum
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

&lt;b&gt;Background: &lt;/b&gt;The definition of outcome in antidepressant treatment studies may be a crucial factor influencing the relationship between possible treatment variables and treatment response. We therefore wanted to investigate possible relationships between baseline severity of depression and anxiety, and different definitions of outcome among outpatients with major depressive disorder undergoing antidepressant treatment. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Two hundred and forty-eight patients diagnosed with major depression with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Diagnosis – Patient Edition were treated with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for 8 weeks. Patients were evaluated both pretreatment and posttreatment with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D-17), the Clinical Global Impressions Scales for Severity (CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I). We chose four continuous definitions of response using a linear regression method to analyze the relationship to baseline anxiety and depression. We used a logistic regression analysis for the relationship between seven categorical definitions of response and baseline severity of depression and anxiety. &lt;b&gt;Results: &lt;/b&gt;Greater endpoint severity was significantly positively related to greater baseline severity of depression and anxiety. Lesser baseline severity of depression or anxiety predicted a greater degree of response on either the endpoint CGI-I score (with lower scores indicating greater improvement) or the percent change in HAM-D-17 score (with higher percent change indicating greater improvement). For all seven categorical definitions of response, lower baseline scores were significantly related to the probability of being a responder. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/b&gt;These findings support the impression that how outcome is defined affects the strength and direction of observed relationships with predictive variables. Methodological implications are discussed.
Detection of anti-liver cell membrane antibody using a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
Authors: Ava Lobo-Yeo, Claire McSorley, Barbara M. McFarlane, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Alex P. Mowat, Diego Vergani
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

A radioimmunometric technique for the detection of autoantibodies to liver membrane antigens has been developed using Alexander cells, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. After incubation of Alexander cells with serum, antimembrane antibodies were detected by addition of 125 I-labeled Protein A. Binding ratios in 15 children with uncontrolled autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and in seven children with primary sclerosing cholangitis were significantly higher than in 18 age-matched normal controls. Nine patients with inactive autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, 13 with α 1 -anti-trypsin deficiency and five with fulminant hepatic failure had ratios similar to controls. In nine patients with Wilson’s disease, there was a modest but significant increase in binding ratio. In four children with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, binding ratios fell during effective immunosuppressive therapy. Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis gave normal results, excluding that binding derives from Fc-mediated immune complex capture. A positive correlation was found between Alexander cell binding values and anti-liver-specific protein antibody titers, suggesting that the two assays detect antibodies against shared antigenic determinants. The Alexander cell assay is a simple, rapid and sensitive technique to detect antibody to liver cell membrane antigens.
Angiotensin, the Renal Pressor Hormone
Authors: F. MERLIN BUMPUS, ROBERT R. SMEBY, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

We have shown the side groups of angiotensin that are necessary for biological activity. Additional evidence is given that angiotensin decapeptide has little or no biological activity and exerts its effect only through the octapeptide. Even though none of the analogues of angiotensin have inhibitory action on the parent compound, the information obtained from studying these compounds could lead to the synthesis of inhibitors.
P73 The creation of a simulated pan-deanery medical thoracoscopy and indwelling pleural catheter course: Abstract P73 Table 1.
Authors: F Chowdhury, N Chaudhuri, S Renshaw, S Pathmanathan, J Hogg, J Hill, P Blaxill, T Rogers, J Kastelik
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Medical thoracoscopy (MT) and indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) insertion are becoming increasingly utilised for the purposes of diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in pleural disease. We are at the cusp of a paradigm shift towards the expansion of hospital services within Respiratory departments nationally, to accommodate the ever increasing demand of advances in medical treatment. Few courses are available that train respiratory doctors nationally. Health Education Yorkshire and The Humber have designed a novel simulation course to teach trainees the skills of MT and IPC insertion. <h3>Methods</h3> A respiratory simulation team involving three consultants and a registrar used an approach similar to that described by Tjiam <i>et al</i>. 2012 using a cognitive task analysis (CTA) and the four component instructural design (4C/ID) as the basis of the course. The blueprint was created which broke down the tasks involved. The course consisted of four lectures and a demonstration followed by four stations including medical thoracoscopy; trocar and chest drain insertion; IPC insertion and a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ). Peer review of the lectures and also the MCQ was also carried out. All consultants from specialist lung cancer services across the region were invited to be faculty on the course. Pre and post course Likert scale questionnaires were used to assess confidence levels. <h3>Results</h3> Statistically significant improvements in confidence levels were achieved in all 8 domains, particularly in technical ability in handling the thoracoscopy equipment and IPC insertion (figure 1). 100% of consultants agreed that the course was mapped to the respiratory curriculum requirements and that the content was appropriate for ST5 trainees. 100% of consultant faculty also agreed that the course structure was adequate; the lectures were delivered at an appropriate level and were happy for the course to be run on a yearly basis. Candidate feedback was positive and indicated that the course would be a useful addition to the training programme. <h3>Conclusion</h3> With medical advancements and expansion of Lung Cancer Services nationwide, respiratory doctors are increasingly needed to master MT and IPC insertion skills. Intra-deanery training should be provided for trainees to ensure sustainability of services.
Toward a Better Definition of High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fiona Zwald
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
PDE11A associations with asthma: Results of a genome-wide association scan
Authors: Andrew T. DeWan, Elizabeth W. Triche, Xuming Xu, Ling-I Hsu, Connie Zhao, Kathleen Belanger, Karen Hellenbrand, Saffron A.G. Willis-Owen, Miriam Moffatt, William O.C. Cookson, Blanca E. Himes, Scott T. Weiss, W. James Gauderman, James W. Baurley, Frank Gilliland, Jemma B. Wilk, George T. O’Connor, David P. Strachan, Josephine Hoh, Michael B. Bracken
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Home visiting in a rural practice.
Authors: R C Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The merits and demerits of home visiting in primary care have been debated for 15 years or more, and several studies have shown a definite decrease in home visiting by family doctors. Most studies were made in industrial or suburban practices, though McGregor1 reported on a largely rural practice in 1973. In comparing the decades 1949-58 and 1959-68 he noted a moderate change in emphasis from home visits to surgery con? sultations in 1959-68, though the absolute number of home visits increased marginally despite a fall in practice population. It is impossible to estimate an annual visiting rate per patient from his figures. Fry' recorded a fairly steady rate of home visiting of between 0 6 and 0-8 visits per patient a year between 1951 and 1963, with a steady and progressive fall to a rate of 0-1 visits per patient a year in 1971. Marsh' described a similar fall from 18 visits a day for a six-day week in I960 to nine a day in 1967. In a mixed urban and rural study in 1968 Eimerl and Pearson4 showed that the urban doctor spent 40% of his time travelling to and face-to-face with patients at home and the rural doctor 56%. The city doctor saw 17% of his patients at home, the rural doc? tor 35,,. They noted a trend showing that older donors saw proportionately more patients at home than younger doctors. The case for less home visiting and more consultations taking place in the surgery is well rehearsed. The rime spent in the car is largely time wasted and the availability of equipment and other resources argue strongly in favour of the patient coming to the doctor rather than the reverse. A powerful note of caution was struck by Pereire Gray? in 1978, however. He recorded a fall in his own personal visiting rate from 0-5 visits per patient a year in 1974 to 0-35 visits per patient a year in 1976. But he questioned the wisdom of permitting this rate to fall too low, saying that if the family doctor was to know the patient in his entirety the doctor should see and study him in his own environment and not just when he is a nervous visitor to the consulting room. Further? more, Pereira Gray offers evidence that when the family doctor abdicates his role as a home visitor and thus creates a clinical vacuum (clinical =at the sick-bed, Oxford Dictionary), others? namely, social workers, hospital-based paediatric nurses, hospital based community mental nurses, or community geriatricians? will move in and take over his role, and the total responsibility for family care by the family doctor is put at risk. I have studied home visiting in our rural practice in Wales between the years 1953 and 1978.
Mechanism of Complement Activation and Its Role in the Inflammatory Response After Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Arnt E. Fiane, Vibeke Videm, Per S. Lingaas, Lars Heggelund, Erik W. Nielsen, Odd R. Geiran, Michael Fung, Tom E. Mollnes
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Complement activation contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair suffer extensive ischemia-reperfusion and considerable systemic inflammation. Methods and Results— The degree and mechanism of complement activation and its role in inflammation were investigated in 19 patients undergoing TAAA repair. Patients undergoing open infrarenal aortic surgery (n=5) or endovascular descending aortic aneurysm repair (n=6) served as control subjects. Substantial complement activation was seen in TAAA patients but not in controls. C1rs-C1-inhibitor complexes increased moderately, whereas C4bc, C3bBbP, C3bc, and the terminal SC5b-9 complex (TCC) increased markedly after reperfusion, reaching a maximum 8 hours after reperfusion. Interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-8 increased significantly in TAAA patients but not in controls, peaking at 24 hours postoperatively and correlating closely with the degree of complement activation. IL-6 and IL-10 increased to a maximum 8 hours after reperfusion in the TAAA patients, were not correlated with complement activation, and increased moderately in the control subjects. Myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin increased markedly before reperfusion in all groups, whereas sICAM-1, sP-selectin, and sE-selectin were unchanged. No increase was observed in complement activation products, IL-1β, TNF-α, or IL-8 in a mannose-binding lectin (MBL)–deficient TAAA patient, whereas IL-6, IL-10, myeloperoxidase, and lactoferrin increased as in the controls. Two other MBL-deficient TAAA patients receiving plasma attained significant MBL levels and showed complement and cytokine patterns identical to the MBL-sufficient TAAA patients. Conclusions— The data suggest that complement activation during TAAA repair is MBL mediated, amplified through the alternative pathway, and responsible in part for the inflammatory response.
Reduced purine 5'-nucleotidase activity in lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a pilot study
Authors: J. N Stolk, D. G M de Koning, A. H Pennings, R. A De Abreu, L. B A van de Putte, A. M T. Boerbooms
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To investigate purine metabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for possible abnormalities that might be related to their overall impaired immune function. <h3>METHODS</h3> This pilot study included 17 patients with SLE (2 men, 15 women). Enzyme activities of the purine enzymes 5'-nucleotidase (5'NT), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and also in fractions of T cells (differentiation antigen CD3+) (n = 12) and B cells (CD19+) (n = 9). The activity of the thiopurine enzyme thiopurine-methyltransferase (TPMT) was measured in red cell lysate. Routine blood tests and indices of disease activity were measured as well. Results were compared with those of healthy volunteers. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Compared with their controls, the female SLE patients had a more than 50% reduced activity of 5'NT in the T cell fraction (p = 0.001) and in PBMC (p &lt; 0.000). 5'NT activity was also lower in B cells, but this was not statistically significant. Enzyme activities did not correlate with indices of disease activity, disease duration or the B cell/T cell ratio and no influence of medication was found. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Reduced lymphocyte 5'NT activity is a novel finding in SLE. These results indicate that purine metabolism in SLE may be disturbed. Consequences of a low 5'NT activity may be an intracellular accumulation of (deoxy)purine nucleotides and a reduction of adenosine production. It is hypothesised that these factors may play a part in the overall impaired immune function and in the chronicity of inflammation in SLE.
Changing childbirth. Domino schemes preferable to team midwifery.
Authors: L F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1993)

gram would lead to smaller myocardial infarcts in 476 patients (without cerebral haemorrhage) for every one patient with cerebral haemorrhage with- out myocardial infarction; thrombolysis would be life saving in 19 of these cases.These benefit:risk ratios are even more favourable with thrombolysis before admission to hospital.Two trade offs have to be considered to maximise benefit from thrombolytic treatment: the sensitivity versus the specificity of whatever methods are used for predicting myocardial infarction, and the increasing accuracy of the diagnosis with the time from the onset of symptoms versus the waning efficacy of thrombolysis.The problem is to find the optimal balance between causing disability or death by giving thrombolytic treatment to those without myocardial infarction and causing disability or death by withholding the treatment from those with myocardial infarction.We suggest that use of ST elevation as a precondition for giving thrombolytic treatment errs in the latter direction.
Endoluminal Beta-Radiation Therapy for the Prevention of Coronary Restenosis after Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Vitali Verin, Youri Popowski, Bernard de Bruyne, Dietrich Baumgart, Wolfgang Sauerwein, Markus Lins, György Kovacs, Martyn Thomas, Francis Calman, Clemens Disco, Patrick W. Serruys, William Wijns, Marleen Piessens, John Kurtz, Ruediger Simon, Patrice Delafontaine, Raimund Erbel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Beta radiation is effective in reducing vascular neointimal proliferation in animals after injury caused by balloon angioplasty. However, the lowest dose that can prevent restenosis after coronary angioplasty has yet to be determined.
Radiation-/hypoxia-induced solid tumor metastasis and regrowth inhibited by hypoxia-specific upconversion nanoradiosensitizer
Authors: Yanyan Liu, Yong Liu, Wenbo Bu, Qingfeng Xiao, Yong Sun, Kuaile Zhao, Wenpei Fan, Jianan Liu, Jianlin Shi
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Abstract P3-03-05: Modulation of the metastatic propensity of triple-negative breast cancer cells harboring p53 mutations
Authors: BL Morrison, JW Tai, F Bernal
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The mutation of p53 is implicated in the increased metastatic potential of triple-negative (ER—/PR—/Her2—) breast cancer (TNBC). The low survival rates of advanced metastatic cancer make it critical not only to understand the mechanisms underlying the functional implications of p53 mutations, but also to identify ways to regulate their impact in cancer cell physiology. A common gain-of-function activity of the mutant p53 protein is the enhancement of cell migration and invasion. We have found that a hydrocarbon-stapled p53 transactivation domain peptide (SAH-p53) designed to disrupt the interaction with p53 negative regulators HDM2 and HDMX also has the ability to inhibit the interaction between mutant p53 (mtp53) and HDM2/HDMX. In addition, SAH-p53 was found to inhibit the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells (mtp53), while exhibiting no alteration in their proliferative ability. The capacity of SAH-p53 to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell migration was not altered in the absence of HDMX, suggesting an alternative mechanism of action for SAH-p53. The propensity of MDA-MB-231 cells to migrate and invade through Matrigel in response to transforming growth factor b (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was decreased by treatment with SAH-p53. Furthermore, increased concentrations of these growth factors displayed a synergistic effect with SAH-p53 in the inhibition of cell migration, suggesting cross-talk between receptor signaling and SAH-p53 activity. This effect was accompanied by an alteration in stress fiber formation and dissolution of focal adhesions. While the knockdown of mutant p53 in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly decreased migration on its own, inhibition of migration by SAH-p53 was not seen in the EGFR/p53-null MDA-MB-157 cells, suggesting a need for either the p53 or EGFR protein for the inhibitory activity of SAH-p53. Moreover, a SAH-p53-induced decrease in the total levels of EGFR and integrin beta1, together with alterations in actin stability, suggests a defect in receptor recycling, a process required for cell migration known to be modulated by an interaction between mutant p53 and p63. These data show that the use of the SAH-p53 peptide provides a novel avenue to study the molecular interactions that drive metastatic behavior originated by p53 gain-of-function mutations. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-03-05.