tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time to revisit product placement in films and on television to promote health damaging products
Authors: M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

By showing that James Bond may have a drink problem, 1 Johnson and colleagues have helpfully provided the UK's intelligence and security committee with questions that they can use to avoid, once more, the unpleasant business of actually holding our secret services to account for their actions. 2 However, an examination of what he drinks is equally of interest.Bond aficionados will have noticed how, in Skyfall, he has abandoned his customary Martini for Heineken beer.They may not be aware that Heineken International paid an estimated $45m (£27.5m;€33m), including associated promotions, for him to do so. 3 Heineken is clearly confident that it will recoup at least this amount in extra sales.No doubt it has learnt from the tobacco industry, which has long realised the value of product placement, now even more important given bans on traditional advertising. 4 Crucially, it works, with a wealth of evidence showing that exposure to smoking in films is a powerful determinant of the initiation of smoking in adolescents. 5 Perhaps it is time for the health select committee to revisit the use of product placement in films and on television to promote health damaging products.
Financial Relationships Between Medical Communication Companies and Industry—Reply
Authors: Sheila M. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Distension of the gall bladder inhibits sphincter of Oddi motility in humans.
Authors: A Thune, G T Saccone, J P Scicchitano, J Toouli
Journal: Gut (1991)

Studies in animals have suggested a neural reflex between the gall bladder and the sphincter of Oddi. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sphincter of Oddi motility is altered by distension of the gall bladder in humans. Sphincter of Oddi motility was recorded intraoperatively in 10 patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy for gall stones. The manometry was performed by a triple lumen constantly perfused catheter which was introduced through the cystic duct and positioned across the sphincter of Oddi to record sphincter basal pressure, wave amplitude, and frequency of contractions. In five patients a separate catheter was introduced into the gall bladder after ligation of the cystic duct. This catheter was used to distend the gall bladder. Sphincter of Oddi pressures were measured before, during, and after the distension. In a separate control group of patients (n = 5) basal sphincter of Oddi activity was recorded without distension of the gall bladder. Distension of the gall bladder decreased sphincter of Oddi basal pressure from (mean (SD] 22.8 (8.5) mmHg to 18.6 (6.5) mmHg (p = 0.01, paired t test) and frequency of sphincter of Oddi contractions decreased from 2.6 (1.6) to 1.1 (1.3) contractions/min (p = 0.003, paired t test). The results were significantly different from those of the control group (p less than 0.05, unpaired t test) during the same time period (four minutes). Pulse rate and blood pressure were not affected by the gall bladder distension. The results suggest a local reflex between the gall bladder and the sphincter of Oddi that might be important in the regulation of the pressure within the bile ducts and flow across the sphincter. This reflex is likely to be neurally mediated and injuries to it may be important in the aetiology of postcholecystectomy sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
Antibiotic treatment of abscesses of the central nervous system.
Authors: J de Louvois, P Gortvai, R Hurley
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Samples of intracranial pus and serum from 32 patients were assayed to determine the concentrations reached in them of penicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, cephaloridine, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, fusidic acid, and lincomycin. Metronidazole had not been given. Penicillin penetrated abscesses reasonably well, but other beta-lactam antibiotics did not. The penetration of chloramphenicol was erratic. Aminoglycosides penetrated poorly, but lincomycin and fusidic acid penetrated well. Assay of sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole in pus was unreliable. These studies indicate that treatment of abscesses of the central nervous system should be considered according to the site and the likely antecedent cause. Abscesses of sinusitic origin, usually in the frontal lobe, yield penicillin-sensitive streptococci. Penicillin is the drug of choice. Abscesses of otitic origin, usually in the temporal lobe, yield a mixed flora, often including anaerobic bacteria. Multiple antibiotic therapy is indicated. Abscesses of metastatic or cryptogenic origin yield streptococci or mixed cultures, and multiple therapy is appropriate while awaiting the bacteriological results. Spinal and post-traumatic abscesses yield Staphylococcus aureus, and fusidic acid is the drug of choice.
It Takes Four Years
Authors: Robert R. Belliveau
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In discussing the reasons for changing the medical school curriculum from three years to the customary four years at Rush Medical School, Dean Hejna stated: "The three-year curriculum serves to increase the number of graduates by only one class each 12 years" (234:387, 1975). This is a misunderstanding that I believe should be clarified. The operation of a three-year program vs a four-year program serves to increase the number of graduates by only one class at the third year. Thereafter, the number of graduates will be equal into infinity. For example, a class of 100 students entering a three-year medical school at the end of 100 years would produce 9,800 graduates; a class of 100 students entering a four-year medical school at the end of 100 years would produce 9,700 graduates. An advantage of 100 students in 100 years in favor of the three-year medical school. The
Accuracy of Physician Self-assessment Compared With Observed Measures of Competence
Authors: David A. Davis, Paul E. Mazmanian, Michael Fordis, R. Van Harrison, Kevin E. Thorpe, Laure Perrier
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Core physician activities of lifelong learning, continuing medical education credit, relicensure, specialty recertification, and clinical competence are linked to the abilities of physicians to assess their own learning needs and choose educational activities that meet these needs.To determine how accurately physicians self-assess compared with external observations of their competence.The electronic databases MEDLINE (1966-July 2006), EMBASE (1980-July 2006), CINAHL (1982-July 2006), PsycINFO (1967-July 2006), the Research and Development Resource Base in CME (1978-July 2006), and proprietary search engines were searched using terms related to self-directed learning, self-assessment, and self-reflection.Studies were included if they compared physicians' self-rated assessments with external observations, used quantifiable and replicable measures, included a study population of at least 50% practicing physicians, residents, or similar health professionals, and were conducted in the United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Australia, or New Zealand. Studies were excluded if they were comparisons of self-reports, studies of medical students, assessed physician beliefs about patient status, described the development of self-assessment measures, or were self-assessment programs of specialty societies. Studies conducted in the context of an educational or quality improvement intervention were included only if comparative data were obtained before the intervention.Study population, content area and self-assessment domain of the study, methods used to measure the self-assessment of study participants and those used to measure their competence or performance, existence and use of statistical tests, study outcomes, and explanatory comparative data were extracted.The search yielded 725 articles, of which 17 met all inclusion criteria. The studies included a wide range of domains, comparisons, measures, and methodological rigor. Of the 20 comparisons between self- and external assessment, 13 demonstrated little, no, or an inverse relationship and 7 demonstrated positive associations. A number of studies found the worst accuracy in self-assessment among physicians who were the least skilled and those who were the most confident. These results are consistent with those found in other professions.While suboptimal in quality, the preponderance of evidence suggests that physicians have a limited ability to accurately self-assess. The processes currently used to undertake professional development and evaluate competence may need to focus more on external assessment.
Letter: Colour television hazard.
Authors: B H Goodrich
Journal: BMJ (1974)

SiR,-In a letter sent to all doctors and dentists in the United Kingdom on 3 January 1974 the medical assessor for the Committee on Safety of Medicines draws attention to 130 reports concerning jaundice following 'the use of halothane for anaes- thesia.These reports had been volunteered to the comuittee under its usual report- ing procedure for adverse reactions to drugs.He states that the conmittee accepts that the findings of the analysis of these reports
Agminate lichen follicularis with cysts and comedones
Authors: F. Rongioletti, G. Ghigliotti, C. Gambini, A. Rebora
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Agminate lichen follicularis with cysts and comedones Get access F. Rongioletti, F. Rongioletti Department of Dermatology, University of Genoa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Ghigliotti, G. Ghigliotti Department of Dermatology, University of Genoa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Gambini, C. Gambini Division of Pathology, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Rebora A. Rebora Department of Dermatology, University of Genoa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 6, 1 June 1990, Pages 844–845, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb06281.x Published: 01 June 1990
Assessment of myocardial performance in ischaemic heart disease: from changes in left ventricular power output produced by graded-dose isoprenaline infusion
Authors: B G FIRTH, L B TAN, B RAJAGOPALAN, D L SCHULTZ, G D. J LEE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Current clinical indices of myocardial contractility derive from concepts of muscle mechanics developed from isolated muscle experiments. Numerous simplifying assumptions are needed to apply these concepts to contractility studies in the whole heart. An alternative is to consider the heart as a pump which generates both pressure (P) and flow (Q) and to estimate its performance from the power output of its ventricles (P × Q). A method is described for measuring peak left ventricular power output in patients during routine cardiac catheterisation. The measurements have been made at rest and following inotropic challenge with gradient infusions of isoprenaline intravenously. Results from 13 patients with coronary artery disease and severe angina pectoris, who were clinically indistinguishable from one another, are reported. The patients could be grouped according to their left ventricular peak power responses to isoprenaline, although no difference could be demonstrated between them at rest. The patients who showed no increase in left ventricular power response to isoprenaline had a poor prognosis.
"Cardioversion" of Arrhythmias of the Heart.
Authors: Bernard Lown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964"Cardioversion" of Arrhythmias of the Heart.Bernard Lown, M.D.Bernard Lown, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-322_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTreatment of ectopic arrhythmias has hitherto been based on the use of such drugs as quinidine, procaine amide, and the cardiac glycosides. A new electronic method has recently been introduced that instantly restores a normal cardiac mechanism. This method designated as cardioversion is based on two key principles: (1) The heart can be depolarized across the intact chest by a brief direct current (DC) electrical discharge and thereby results in abolition of an ectopic arrhythmia, and (2) when the DC discharge is synchronized to fall outside the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle, the discharge is entirely without hazard to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bernard Lown, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1 Page: 322-322 Keywords Arrhythmia Drugs Falls Glycosides Heart Thorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
An apoptosis-homing peptide-conjugated low molecular weight heparin-taurocholate conjugate with antitumor properties
Authors: Sang Mun Bae, Jong-Ho Kim, Seung Woo Chung, Youngro Byun, Sang Yoon Kim, Byung-Heon Lee, In-San Kim, Rang-Woon Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
The Reminiscences of Doctor John Sebastian Helmcken
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The names of three physicians are associated intimately with the early history of the Pacific Northwest: John McLoughlin, William Tolmie, and John Sebastian Helmcken. All worked for the Hudson's Bay Company. All are remembered today because of their political rather than their medical contributions. McLoughlin's sphere of influence encompassed what is now Oregon; he is certainly the best known of the trio. Contemporaneously, Tolmie and Helmcken played their roles in British Columbia, most influentially in the mid-19th century. Fortunately, the Victorians were dedicated journal-writers. Tolmie's journal has been published,<sup>1</sup>and now we have Helmcken's reminiscences to delineate his part in the founding of Victoria and the entry of British Columbia into the Dominion of Canada. Reminiscences and journals carry a great risk for their authors. Because these writings are so revealing, unflattering facets of personality sometimes emerge. Happily for his reputation, Helmcken shines through his writings as a kindly
The Therapeutic Potential of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
Authors: L. Virag
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2002)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a member of the PARP enzyme family consisting of PARP-1 and several recently identified novel poly(ADP-ribosylating) enzymes. PARP-1 is an abundant nuclear protein functioning as a DNA nick-sensor enzyme. Upon binding to DNA breaks, activated PARP cleaves NAD<sup>+</sup> into nicotinamide and ADP-ribose and polymerizes the latter onto nuclear acceptor proteins including histones, transcription factors, and PARP itself. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) contributes to DNA repair and to the maintenance of genomic stability. On the other hand, oxidative stress-induced overactivation of PARP consumes NAD<sup>+</sup> and consequently ATP, culminating in cell dysfunction or necrosis. This cellular suicide mechanism has been implicated in the pathomechanism of stroke, myocardial ischemia, diabetes, diabetes-associated cardiovascular dysfunction, shock, traumatic central nervous system injury, arthritis, colitis, allergic encephalomyelitis, and various other forms of inflammation. PARP has also been shown to associate with and regulate the function of several transcription factors. Of special interest is the enhancement by PARP of nuclear factor κB-mediated transcription, which plays a central role in the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory mediators. Herein we review the double-edged sword roles of PARP in DNA damage signaling and cell death and summarize the underlying mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of PARP inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss the potential use of PARP inhibitors as anticancer agents, radiosensitizers, and antiviral agents.
Synergism between INK4a/ARF inactivation and aberrant HGF/SF signaling in rhabdomyosarcomagenesis
Authors: Richard Sharp, Juan A. Recio, Chamelli Jhappan, Toshiyuki Otsuka, Shiquan Liu, Yanlin Yu, Wenjing Liu, Miriam Anver, Fariba Navid, Lee J. Helman, Ronald A. DePinho, Glenn Merlino
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Failed asylum seekers and health care
Authors: Peter Hall
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Since the start of the National Health Service, British doctors have taken pride in working in a service whose core principles include health care as a basic human right and a universal service for all based on clinical need, not ability to pay.1 Yet the reality is different: destitute failed asylum seekers are being refused hospital treatment and being hounded by debt collectors if they have received emergency treatment.2 A recent report from the Refugee Council catalogues people with potentially fatal conditions, such as bowel cancer, diabetes, and renal failure, who are being refused free treatment but cannot afford to pay or have become too intimidated to seek treatment. It concludes that people will, if they have not already, die as a result. More, however, is at stake in the NHS than a 58 year tradition as the first ever national medical service based exclusively on clinical need.
Rethinking pragmatic randomised controlled trials: introducing the "cohort multiple randomised controlled trial" design
Authors: C. Relton, D. Torgerson, A. O'Cathain, J. Nicholl
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Pragmatic trials are important for informing routine clinical practice, but current designs have shortcomings. <b>Clare Relton and colleagues</b> outline the new “cohort multiple randomised controlled trial” design, which could help address the problems associated with existing approaches
Ocular Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparison of Patients Treated with and without Antimalarial Drugs.
Authors: Allen H. Mackenzie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Ocular Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparison of Patients Treated with and without Antimalarial Drugs.Allen H. Mackenzie, M.D., J. E. Nousek, M.D., A. L. Scherbel, M.D., F.A.C.P., M. Atdjian, M.D.Allen H. Mackenzie, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. E. Nousek, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. L. Scherbel, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, M. Atdjian, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-796_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent reports on ocular toxicity of chloroquine emphasize the frequent occurrence of keratopathy and retinopathy. The incidence and severity of lesions vary greatly in these reports. Our experience with 300 patients shows ocular toxicity to be uncommon, and serious lesions are rare.Serial ophthalmologic examinations were done in 300 patients having rheumatoid disease treated with chloroquine (250 mg/day) or hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/day). Median duration of therapy is 3.5 years.Chloroquine keratopathy was present in 10% of patients. These deposits are benign and regress when therapy ceases. No patient developed typical bullseye disciform chloroquine retinopthy in this series. No visual impairment... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 796-796KeywordsAntimalarialsChloroquineHydroxychloroquineLesionsRetinopathyRheumatoid arthritisToxicityVisual impairments Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and impaired microvascular reactivity are early markers of vasculopathy in type 2 diabetic individuals without microalbuminuria.
Authors: S C Lim, A E Caballero, P Smakowski, F W LoGerfo, E S Horton, A Veves
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Using von Willebrand Factor (vWF) as a marker of endothelial function, previous studies have shown that the development of microalbuminuria is associated with the onset of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is already evident in normoalbuminuric individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used laser Doppler imaging scanning to measure vasodilation in the forearm skin in response to iontophoresis of 1% acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and 1% sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent). Multiple indicators of endothelial function--soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM), vWF, and microvascular reactivity--were measured in 20 healthy control subjects, 45 normoalbuminuric (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio &amp;lt; 30 micrograms/mg) individuals with type 2 diabetes, and 14 microalbuminuric (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio between 30 and 300 micrograms/mg) individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: Serum sICAM and sVCAM levels were elevated in the normoalbuminuric (305 +/- 120, 851 +/- 284 ng/ml) and microalbuminuric (300 +/- 89, 845 +/- 252 ng/ml) individuals with diabetes when compared with the healthy control subjects (213 +/- 58, 661 +/- 176 ng/ml) (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the microvascular endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation was reduced in the normoalbuminuric (76 +/- 44, 70 +/- 33) (percent increase in perfusion over baseline) and microalbuminuric (74 +/- 41, 73 +/- 28) individuals with diabetes compared with healthy control subjects (126 +/- 67, 120 +/- 47) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In contrast, plasma vWF was elevated only in the microalbuminuric individuals with diabetes (129 +/- 35%) compared with the normoalbuminuric individuals with diabetes (110 +/- 34) and healthy control subjects (111.3 +/- 39) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). On stepwise multivariate analysis, fasting blood glucose was the most important contributing factor to the variation in microvascular reactivity and sVCAM, whereas insulin resistance (by homeostasis model assessment) was the most important contributing factor to the variation in sICAM. Addition of all clinical and biochemical measures explained only 15-22% of the variation in sICAM, sVCAM, and microvascular reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple markers of endothelial dysfunction were evident in normoalbuminuric individuals with type 2 diabetes. The pathogenic process of vasculopathy in type 2 diabetes occurs early and may be operative before the development of microalbuminuria.