tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of intravenous ranitidine and omeprazole on intestinal absorption of water, sodium, and macronutrients in patients with intestinal resection
Authors: P B Jeppesen, M Staun, L Tjellesen, P B Mortensen
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —H 2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors reduce intestinal output in patients with short bowel syndrome. Aims —To evaluate the effect of intravenous omeprazole and ranitidine on water, electrolyte, macronutrient, and energy absorption in patients with intestinal resection. Methods —Thirteen patients with a faecal weight above 1.5 kg/day (range 1.7-5.7 kg/day and a median small bowel length of 100 cm were studied. Omeprazole 40 mg twice daily or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily were administered for five days in a randomised, double blind, crossover design followed by a three day control period with no treatment. Two patients with a segment of colon in continuation were excluded from analysis which, however, had no influence on the results. Results —Omeprazole increased median intestinal wet weight absorption compared with no treatment and ranitidine (p&lt;0.03). The effect of ranitidine was not significant. Four patients with faecal volumes below 2.6 kg/day did not respond to omeprazole; in two absorption increased by 0.5-1 kg/day; and in five absorption increased by 1−2 kg/day. Absorption of sodium, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, carbohydrate, fat, and total energy was unchanged. Four high responders continued on omeprazole for 12–15 months, but none could be weaned from parenteral nutrition. Conclusion —Omeprazole increased water absorption in patients with faecal output above 2.50 kg/day. The effect varied significantly and was greater in patients with a high output, but did not allow parenteral nutrition to be discontinued. Absorption of energy, macronutrients, electrolytes, and divalent cations was not improved. The effect of ranitidine was not significant, possibly because the dose was too low.
Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice
Authors: P. Palange, S. A. Ward, K-H. Carlsen, R. Casaburi, C. G. Gallagher, R. Gosselink, D. E. O'Donnell, L. Puente-Maestu, A. M. Schols, S. Singh, B. J. Whipp
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Evidence-based recommendations on the clinical use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in lung and heart disease are presented, with reference to the assessment of exercise intolerance, prognostic assessment and the evaluation of therapeutic interventions ( e.g. drugs, supplemental oxygen, exercise training). A commonly used grading system for recommendations in evidence-based guidelines was applied, with the grade of recommendation ranging from A, the highest, to D, the lowest. For symptom-limited incremental exercise, CPET indices, such as peak O 2 uptake ( V ′O 2 ), V ′O 2 at lactate threshold, the slope of the ventilation–CO 2 output relationship and the presence of arterial O 2 desaturation, have all been shown to have power in prognostic evaluation. In addition, for assessment of interventions, the tolerable duration of symptom-limited high-intensity constant-load exercise often provides greater sensitivity to discriminate change than the classical incremental test. Field-testing paradigms ( e.g. timed and shuttle walking tests) also prove valuable. In turn, these considerations allow the resolution of practical questions that often confront the clinician, such as: 1) “When should an evaluation of exercise intolerance be sought?”; 2) “Which particular form of test should be asked for?”; and 3) “What cluster of variables should be selected when evaluating prognosis for a particular disease or the effect of a particular intervention?”
Tyrosine Kinase Activity of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Is Necessary for Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression
Authors: Guangpei Hou, Wolfgang F. Vogel, Michelle P. Bendeck
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) interactions with collagen mediate cell migration during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) have been identified as novel collagen receptors. We used aortic SMCs from wild-type and DDR1 −/− mice to evaluate the function of the DDR1 in regulating migration. DDR1 −/− SMCs exhibited impaired attachment to and migration toward a type I collagen substrate. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities were concomitantly reduced in these cells. Transfection of a full-length cDNA for DDR1b rescued these deficits, whereas kinase-dead mutants of DDR1 restored attachment but not migration and MMP production. These results suggest that active DDR1 kinase is a central mediator of SMC migration.
Abstract B41: Urinary EN2 levels predict tumor volume in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer
Authors: Hardev Pandha, Karina Sorensen, Torben Falck Orntoft, Stephen Langley, Soren Hoyer, Michael Borre, Richard Morgan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Total tumor volume has been proposed as a guide to managing prostate cancer by immediate treatment versus active surveillance. We evaluated the relationship between levels of a recently described prostate cancer biomarker EN2 (Engrailed-2) in urine and cancer volume in men who had undergone radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Archived patient samples from the Aarhus Prostate Cancer Project, Denmark, were assessed. Pre-treatment mid stream urines, without preceding prostatic massage, were collected and stored at −80°C. Urinary EN2 levels were measured by a recently published Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). 88 of the whole cohort of 125 men (70%) were positive for EN2 in their urine (&amp;gt;42.5 μ/L); 38/58 (65%) of men where cancer volume data was available. No statistical relationship was found between urinary EN2 levels and serum PSA. PSA levels did not correlate with tumor stage, combined Gleason grade, total prostatic weight or cancer volume. We found a strong statistical relationship between urinary EN2 and prostate cancer volume by linear regression (p=0.0058). Furthermore, higher EN2 levels correlated with tumor stage T1 versus T2 (p=0.0272). Pre-surgical urinary EN2 levels were associated with increasing tumor stage and closely reflected the volume of cancer in prostatectomy specimens. Given the ease of collection (no prostatic massage required) and the simplicity, low cost and robustness of the assay, EN2 may become a useful biomarker in not only identifying which patients have prostate cancer but may also facilitate risk stratification by indicating the burden of tumor volume. Citation Format: Hardev Pandha, Karina Sorensen, Torben Falck Orntoft, Stephen Langley, Soren Hoyer, Michael Borre, Richard Morgan. Urinary EN2 levels predict tumor volume in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B41.
CXCR4-Mediated Bone Marrow Progenitor Cell Maintenance and Mobilization Are Modulated by c-kit Activity
Authors: Min Cheng, Junlan Zhou, Min Wu, Chan Boriboun, Tina Thorne, Ting Liu, Zhifu Xiang, Qiutang Zeng, Toshikazu Tanaka, Yao Liang Tang, Raj Kishore, Michael H. Tomasson, Richard J. Miller, Douglas W. Losordo, Gangjian Qin
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

The mobilization of bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells (PCs) is largely governed by interactions between stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4. Ischemic injury disrupts the SDF-1-CXCR4 interaction and releases BM PCs into the peripheral circulation, where the mobilized cells are recruited to the injured tissue and contribute to vessel growth. BM PCs can also be mobilized by the pharmacological CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, but the other components of the SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling pathway are largely unknown. c-kit, a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase and the receptor for stem cell factor, has also been shown to play a critical role in BM PC mobilization and ischemic tissue repair.To investigate the functional interaction between SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling and c-kit activity in BM PC mobilization.AMD3100 administration failed to mobilize BM PCs in mice defective in c-kit kinase activity or in mice transplanted with BM cells that expressed a constitutively active c-kit mutant. Furthermore, BM levels of phosphorylated (phospho)-c-kit declined after AMD3100 administration and after CXCR4 deletion. In cells adhering to culture plates coated with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, SDF-1 and stem cell factor increased phospho-c-kit levels, and AMD3100 treatment suppressed SDF-1-induced, but not SCF-induced, c-kit phosphorylation. SDF-1-induced c-kit phosphorylation also required the activation of Src nonreceptor tyrosine kinase: pretreatment of cells with a selective Src inhibitor blocked both c-kit phosphorylation and the interaction between c-kit and phospho-Src.These findings indicate that the regulation of BM PC trafficking by SDF-1 and CXCR4 is dependent on Src-mediated c-kit phosphorylation.
Novel insights into the relationships between dendritic cell subsets in human and mouse revealed by genome-wide expression profiling
Authors: Scott H Robbins, Thierry Walzer, Doulaye Dembélé, Christelle Thibault, Axel Defays, Gilles Bessou, Huichun Xu, Eric Vivier, MacLean Sellars, Philippe Pierre, Franck R Sharp, Susan Chan, Philippe Kastner, Marc Dalod
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are a complex group of cells that play a critical role in vertebrate immunity. Lymph-node resident DCs (LN-DCs) are subdivided into conventional DC (cDC) subsets (CD11b and CD8α in mouse; BDCA1 and BDCA3 in human) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). It is currently unclear if these various DC populations belong to a unique hematopoietic lineage and if the subsets identified in the mouse and human systems are evolutionary homologs. To gain novel insights into these questions, we sought conserved genetic signatures for LN-DCs and in vitro derived granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) DCs through the analysis of a compendium of genome-wide expression profiles of mouse or human leukocytes. Results We show through clustering analysis that all LN-DC subsets form a distinct branch within the leukocyte family tree, and reveal a transcriptomal signature evolutionarily conserved in all LN-DC subsets. Moreover, we identify a large gene expression program shared between mouse and human pDCs, and smaller conserved profiles shared between mouse and human LN-cDC subsets. Importantly, most of these genes have not been previously associated with DC function and many have unknown functions. Finally, we use compendium analysis to re-evaluate the classification of interferon-producing killer DCs, lin - CD16 + HLA-DR + cells and in vitro derived GM-CSF DCs, and show that these cells are more closely linked to natural killer and myeloid cells, respectively. Conclusion Our study provides a unique database resource for future investigation of the evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways governing the ontogeny and functions of leukocyte subsets, especially DCs.
Lung function and nutritional status in urban Malagasy children
Authors: Michele Arigliani, Mario Canciano Canciani, Michele Altomare, Mario Alessandro Bonetti, Placido Currò, Mislav Dadic, Gianluigi Mottini, Philip Quanjer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

BACKGROUND:Few data exist about lung function in African children.  AIMS:Define spirometric reference values for urban Malagasy children and evaluate lung function in relation to nutritional status.  METHOD:FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were measured with a portable spirometer (Pony FX©,Cosmed) in 399 children(202 boys;197 girls) aged 6-12 years from two public and two private schools(Ambanja Madagascar).Exclusion criteria: acute or chronic disease, spirometry not repeatable or abnormally shaped flow-volume curves. Height and weight were recorded, malnourishment defined as z-score for BMI l-2. Spirometric data were converted to z-scores according to GLI equations, group differences assessed by t-tests.  RESULTS:Mean age was 8.7 years(SD 1.5). Mean spirometry z-scores for girls were: FEV1 -0.01(SD 0.87);FVC 0.06(0.82);FEV1/FVC -0.12(0.98), and for boys: FEV1 0.20(0.88);FVC 0.26(0.87);FEV1/FVC -0.08(0.92). There was no trend with age(figure, gray=female) but a significant association with the BMI (table).  CONCLUSIONS:spirometric data fit the Global Lung Initiative equations for black people (Quanjer et al. 2012) well. For the same stature African children have lower lung volumes than Europeans but the same lung emptying rate(FEV1/FVC).FEV1 and FVC are reduced in malnourished children with no evidence of airflow limitation, reflecting stunted growth.
Time of birth and risk of neonatal death at term: retrospective cohort study
Authors: D. Pasupathy, A. M. Wood, J. P. Pell, M. Fleming, G. C. S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the effect of time and day of birth on the risk of neonatal death at term. <b>Design</b> Population based retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Data from the linked Scottish morbidity records, Stillbirth and Infant Death Survey, and birth certificate database of live births in Scotland, 1985-2004. <b>Subjects</b> Liveborn term singletons with cephalic presentation. Perinatal deaths from congenital anomalies excluded. Final sample comprised 1 039 560 live births. <b>Main outcome measure</b> All neonatal deaths (in the first four weeks of life) unrelated to congenital abnormality, plus a subgroup of deaths ascribed to intrapartum anoxia. <b>Results</b> The risk of neonatal death was 4.2 per 10 000 during the normal working week (Monday to Friday, 0900-1700) and 5.6 per 10 000 at all other times (out of hours) (unadjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.6). Adjustment for maternal characteristics had no material effect. The higher rate of death out of hours was because of an increased risk of death ascribed to intrapartum anoxia (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, 1.2 to 2.3). Though exclusion of elective caesarean deliveries attenuated the association between death ascribed to anoxia and delivery out of hours, a significant association persisted (adjusted odds ratio 1.5, 1.1 to 2.0). The attributable fraction of neonatal deaths ascribed to intrapartum anoxia associated with delivery out of hours was 26% (95% confidence interval 5% to 42%). <b>Conclusions</b> Delivering an infant outside the normal working week was associated with an increased risk of neonatal death at term ascribed to intrapartum anoxia.
ROLE OF ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTERS IN DRUG ABSORPTION AND ELIMINATION
Authors: Lei Zhang, Claire M. Brett, Kathleen M. Giacomini
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1998)

Organic cation transporters are critical in drug absorption, targeting, and disposition. It has become increasingly clear that multiple mechanisms are involved in organic cation transport in the key tissues responsible for drug absorption and disposition: the kidney, liver, and intestine. In this review, we discuss current models of transepithelial flux of organic cations in these three tissues. Particular emphasis is placed on the more recent molecular studies that have paved the way for a more complete understanding of the physiological and pharmacological roles of the organic cation transporters. Such information is essential in predicting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and in the design and development of cationic drugs.
Development of a geriatric vulnerability score in elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with first-line carboplatin: a GINECO prospective trial
Authors: C. Falandry, B. Weber, A.-M. Savoye, F. Tinquaut, O. Tredan, E. Sevin, L. Stefani, F. Savinelli, M. Atlassi, J. Salvat, E. Pujade-Lauraine, G. Freyer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Regulation of hemoglobin AIc formation in human erythrocytes in vitro. Effects of physiologic factors other than glucose.
Authors: R J Smith, R J Koenig, A Binnerts, J S Soeldner, T T Aoki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The formation of hemoglobin AIc was studied in intact human erythrocytes in vitro. Satisfactory methods were developed for maintaining erythrocytes under physiologic conditions for greater than 8 d with less than 10% hemolysis. Hemoglobin AIc levels were determined chromatographically on erythrocyte hemolysates after removal of reversible components by incubation for 6 h at 37 degree C. Hemoglobin AIc concentration was found to increase linearly with time during 8 d of incubation. The rate of formation of hemoglobin AIc increased linearly as glucose concentration was increased from 40 to 1,000 mg/dl. Deoxyhemoglobin was glycosylated twice as rapidly as oxyhemoglobin. The rate of hemoglobin AIc formation was further increased by elevated 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels, an effect that was most marked with deoxyhemoglobin. We conclude that the nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin is influenced by factors other than glucose, including oxygen tension and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels.
Effects of core stabilization training on balance, functional capacity, and respiratory muscle strength in children with bronchiectasis
Authors: Naciye Vardar-Yagli, Melda Saglam, Ebru Caik-Kutukcu, Deniz Inal-Ince, Hulya Arikan, Nural Kiper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim:  Core stability includes exercises associated with the prior activation of the local trunk muscles and should be advanced to include more intricate static, dynamic, and functional exercises that involving the coordinated contraction of spinal muscles.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stabilization on balance, functional capacity and respiratory muscle strength in patients with bronchiectasis.   Methods:  Ten patients with bronchiectasis (mean age=14.6±3.72 years, 5 males, 5 females) were included in the study. A one hour core stabilization including mat, swissball and theraband exercises were applied for 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Functional capacity was evaluated with 6 minute walk test (6MWT). Respiratory and heart rate, and oxygen saturation, dyspnea, fatigue perception using a modified Borg dyspnea scale were recorded before and after the 6MWT. Respiratory muscle strength assessed using mouth pressure device. Functional balance was evaluated using the timed up an go test (TUG).   Results:  The 6MWT distance, MIP and MEP values were significantly increased after the stabilization training (p   Conclusion:  Short term stability training improves balance, functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength in children with bronchiectasis. Future studies needed to investigate the effects of the inclusion of stability exercises in pulmonary rehabilitation programs with wider sample size, to compare with other exercise modalities, and to examine long-term effects.
Sleep Architecture and Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Dorit Koren, Lorraine E. Levitt Katz, Preneet C. Brar, Paul R. Gallagher, Robert I. Berkowitz, Lee J. Brooks
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Sleep deprivation is associated with increased risk of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is uncertain whether sleep deprivation and/or altered sleep architecture affects glycemic regulation or insulin sensitivity or secretion. We hypothesized that in obese adolescents, sleep disturbances would associate with altered glucose and insulin homeostasis.
Exaptation of Transposable Elements into Novel Cis-Regulatory Elements: Is the Evidence Always Strong?
Authors: F. S. J. de Souza, L. F. Franchini, M. Rubinstein
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences that can jump around the genome from one location to another, behaving as genomic parasites. TEs have been particularly effective in colonizing mammalian genomes, and such heavy TE load is expected to have conditioned genome evolution. Indeed, studies conducted both at the gene and genome levels have uncovered TE insertions that seem to have been co-opted—or exapted—by providing transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that serve as promoters and enhancers, leading to the hypothesis that TE exaptation is a major factor in the evolution of gene regulation. Here, we critically review the evidence for exaptation of TE-derived sequences as TFBSs, promoters, enhancers, and silencers/insulators both at the gene and genome levels. We classify the functional impact attributed to TE insertions into four categories of increasing complexity and argue that so far very few studies have conclusively demonstrated exaptation of TEs as transcriptional regulatory regions. We also contend that many genome-wide studies dealing with TE exaptation in recent lineages of mammals are still inconclusive and that the hypothesis of rapid transcriptional regulatory rewiring mediated by TE mobilization must be taken with caution. Finally, we suggest experimental approaches that may help attributing higher-order functions to candidate exapted TEs.
Results of chemotherapy in 30 AIDS patients with symptomatic pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma.
Authors: J L Cadranel, S Kammoun, S Chevret, A Parrot, M Denis, C Winter, M F Carette, W Rozenbaum, G M Akoun, C M Mayaud
Journal: Thorax (1994)

The aim of this study was to report the effects of a three-drug chemotherapy regimen in patients with symptomatic AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma and to analyse prognostic factors for survival.Thirty consecutive HIV seropositive patients with respiratory symptoms and proven pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma were treated with the same therapeutic regimen comprising adriamycin (30 mg/m2), bleomycin (10 mg/m2), and vincristine (2 mg) administered intravenously once every four weeks.Two patients died during the first course of chemotherapy. In the other 28 cases dyspnoea improved and Pao2 rose despite minimal (n = 17) or no (n = 11) improvement in the chest radiographic appearance. The median survival from the beginning of chemotherapy was 6.5 months. Poor prognostic factors for survival were: (1) absence of cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma; (2) previous opportunistic infection; (3) CD4 cell count < 100/microliters; (4) leucocytes < 3500/microliters; (5) haemoglobin < 10 g/dl; and (6) absence of radiological response. Of the 28 patients 24 experienced at least one episode of neutropenia which was associated with bacterial infection in 16 cases.Chemotherapy may improve respiratory impairment in patients with extensive pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma but the outcome remains poor. The efficacy of chemotherapy may be limited by neutropenia.
African ancestry, lung function and the effect of genetics
Authors: Ana Maria B. Menezes, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Fernando P. Hartwig, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, Denise P. Gigante, Fernando C. Barros, Isabel O. Oliveira, Gustavo D. Ferreira, Bernardo L. Horta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

African-Americans have smaller lung function compared with European-Americans. The aim of this study was to disentangle the contribution of genetics from other variables on lung function. A cohort was followed from birth to 30 years of age in Brazil. Several variables were collected: genomic analysis based on DNA; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) obtained by spirometry; height measured by anthropometrists; and thorax circumference evaluated by photonic scanner. Crude and adjusted linear regression models were calculated according to African ancestry. The sample comprised 2869 participants out of 3701 members of the cohort. Males with higher African ancestry by DNA analysis had a smaller FEV 1 (−0.13 L, 95% CI −0.23– −0.03 L) and FVC (−0.21 L, 95% CI −0.32– −0.09 L) compared with those with less African ancestry, having accounted for height, sitting to standing height ratio and other confounders. Similar effects were seen in females. After adjustment, ancestry remained significantly associated with lung function, but the large effect of adjustment for confounding among males (but not females) does not allow us to exclude the possibility that residual confounding may still account for these findings.