tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Disturbed Endothelium-Dependent Flow in the Collateral-Perfused Rabbit Ischemic Hindlimb After Administration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Christophe Bauters, Takayuki Asahara, Lu P. Zheng, Satoshi Takeshita, Stuart Bunting, Napoleone Ferrara, James F. Symes, Jeffrey M. Isner
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Disturbed endothelium-dependent blood flow has been shown to be a feature of native collateral vessels. Recent studies have shown that recombinant angiogenic growth factors augment collateral development in animal models of hindlimb ischemia. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that the administration of an angiogenic growth factor, in this case vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), may promote recovery of disturbed endothelium-dependent blood flow in a rabbit model of hindlimb ischemia. Methods and Results Ischemia was induced by ligation of the external iliac artery and excision of the femoral artery in one limb of New Zealand White rabbits (day 0). Flow velocity was measured using a Doppler guide wire at rest and after administration of serotonin and acetylcholine. Blood flow (in mL/min) was calculated assuming a circular lumen geometry. In untreated control animals with an ischemic limb, serotonin administered at day 10 or 40 produced a decrease in hindlimb blood flow (71±2% and 33±6% reduction from baseline, respectively); in contrast, among animals treated with a single 500-μg bolus dose of VEGF administered selectively into the internal iliac artery at day 10 and studied at day 40, serotonin produced an increase in flow (119±8% from baseline; P &lt;.05 versus control animals). Acetylcholine induced only a moderate increase in flow in control animals (152±15% at day 10 and 177±14% at day 40) in contrast to a profound increase among VEGF-treated animals studied at day 40 (254±25%; P &lt;.05 versus control animals). Conclusions To our knowledge, these findings constitute the first demonstration of successful pharmacological modulation of disturbed endothelium-dependent flow in the arterial circulation subserved by collateral vessels. This physiological benefit complements previously reported anatomic findings suggesting a favorable impact of angiogenic growth factors on collateral-dependent limb ischemia.
What If Americans Ate Less Fat?-Reply
Authors: Warren S. Browner
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —We thank the correspondents for their interest in our work, which estimated that if all Americans followed a 30% energy as fat diet, about 42000 deaths would be delayed annually, adding 3 to 4 months to average life expectancy, mostly after age 75 years.  We agree with Dr Bailar that there is uncertainty in our results. Nonetheless, they are the best estimates we could make from available data. We would ask: If not enough is known to estimate the likely impact of US health policy about dietary fat, how confident should we be in that policy?  Ms Shepard and Dr Prentice raise the issue of regression-dilution bias. However, to the degree that a single measurement of a risk factor underestimates the true RR, it also overestimates the spread of the true distribution of the risk factor. Thus, it is not appropriate to inflate the RRs—as they have apparently
The Rape of the Phallus —A Sequel
Authors: Thomas G. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We used to be taught that cervical cancer in the Semitic races was extremely low and that a possible reason for this was the fact that all Semitic males were circumcised which in turn caused less trauma, less cervical irritation, and possibly the transmission of fewer causally related pathogens. Is this no longer a widely accepted concensus?
Cost and Price of Comparable Branded and Generic Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Robert J. Bolger
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The National Association of Chain Drug Stores, Inc, is writing in response to the publication of a generic drug study appearing last November in<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup>We believe the study, funded by Ayerst Laboratories, a brand name company, misleads physicians and consumers regarding the cost-saving benefits of generic drugs. The research has little value in terms of the current marketplace because many changes have occurred since the study's completion. The most significant change in the marketplace resulted from congressional enactment of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, a law that among other things provides for expedited approval of generic drugs. Experts estimate that this law will make available some 150 new generics and industry sources predict that these lower-priced medications will save consumers approximately $1 billion over the next decade. On the issue that prescription prices vary widely, this statement is true but needs
Ontogenesis of iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase. Induction of 5'-deiodinating activity by insulin, glucocorticoid, and thyroxine in cultured fetal mouse liver.
Authors: K Sato, H Mimura, D C Han, T Tsushima, K Shizume
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of ontogenetic development of iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase in the fetal and neonatal period, fetal mouse liver of the 19th day of gestation, in which no iodothyronine-5'-deiodinating activity was detectable, was cultured in Dulbecco-Vogt medium supplemented with 10% thyroid hormone-depleted fetal calf serum, insulin, hydrocortisone, and thyroid hormones. Iodothyronine-5'-deiodinating activity of the homogenate was assessed by the amount of iodide released from outer-ring-labeled reverse T3 and expressed as picomoles of 127I- per milligram of protein per minute. The enzyme activity was induced in a dose-dependent manner; optimal concentrations for insulin, hydrocortisone, and thyroxine were 1 microgram/ml, 0.4 microgram/ml, and 10(-6) M, respectively. Without supplementation of either hydrocortisone or thyroxine, no 5'-deiodination was detected. The enzyme activity was observed after 3 d of culture, peaked at days 14-20, and then gradually decreased. Lineweaver-Burk analysis revealed that the increase in activity was primarily due to an increase in Vmax (day 3, 0.2 pmol/mg protein per min; day 20, 2.5 pmol/mg protein per min). Half maximal thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were 1 X 10(-7) M (free T4: 4 X 10(-10) M), and 2 X 10(-9) M (free T3: 5.0 X 10(-11) M), respectively, whereas reverse T3 did not elicit any activity at 10(-8)-10(-6) M. These results suggest that ontogenetic development of iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase in the liver of the fetal and neonatal mouse is induced by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones, and that insulin plays a permissive role in enhancing T3 formation from T4 in the liver.
One in seven NHS trusts facing "significant" financial difficulties
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

One in seven NHS trusts in England faced “significant financial difficulties” by the end of 2001-2, states the annual accounting report from the spending watchdog, the National Audit Office.

The Department of Health calculation for breaking even is a deficit of no more than 0.5% of turnover. On the basis of this, all NHS trusts broke even, but 50 trusts incurred deficits ranging from £1000 ($1600; ‡1500) to £11.5m.

Moreover, 46 (14%) of 318 trusts were managing major budgetary shortfalls at the end of the financial year, compared with 33 (9%) of 356 …
Guantanamo: a call for action: Doctors should not treat detainees only to render them fit for further abuse
Authors: Sabahat A Wasti, Sajid Z Bhatti
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Wilks makes a compelling case for doctors to adhere to the ethical parameters set in the Tokyo and Malta declarations.1–3 Another concern for medical practitioners working in centres where torture is practised must be about treating individuals for …
NHS needs to prepare for era of non-invasive fetal DNA tests
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Analysis of flagellum beating in three dimensions is important for understanding how cells can undergo complex flagellum-driven motility and the ability to use fluorescence microscopy for such three-dimensional analysis would be extremely powerful. <i>Trypanosoma</i> and <i>Leishmania</i> are unicellular parasites which undergo complex cell movements in three dimensions as they swim and would particularly benefit from such an analysis. Here, high-speed multifocal plane fluorescence microscopy, a technique in which a light path multi-splitter is used to visualise 4 focal planes simultaneously, was used to reconstruct the flagellum beating of <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> and <i>Leishmania mexicana</i> in three dimensions. It was possible to use either an organic fluorescent stain or a genetically-encoded fluorescence fusion protein to visualise flagellum and cell movement in three dimensions at a 200 Hz frame rate. This high-speed multifocal plane fluorescence microscopy approach was used to address two open questions regarding <i>Trypanosoma</i> and <i>Leishmania</i> swimming: To quantify the planarity of the <i>L. mexicana</i> flagellum beat and analyse the nature of flagellum beating during <i>T. brucei</i> ‘tumbling’.
Mechanisms of automaticity in subsidiary pacemakers from cat right atrium.
Authors: D S Rubenstein, S L Lipsius
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Intracellular recordings were made from eustachian ridge of cat right atrium to determine mechanisms responsible for subsidiary pacemaker automaticity. Pacemaker action potentials exhibited two phases of diastolic depolarization: an initial steeper slope (D1) followed by a more gradual slope (D2). Cesium (1 mM) decreased D1 (-45.6%) to a significantly greater extent than D2 (-33.6%) and increased spontaneous cycle length (SCL) (+37.7%). Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) had no effect on maximum rate of rise of upstroke, although it increased SLC (+23.9%). Verapamil (0.4-1.0 microM) progressively increased SCL by decreasing late diastolic slope, resulting in oscillatory potentials and eventual quiescence. Both norepinephrine (2 x 10(-9) M) and Bay K 8644 (10(-7) M) elicited a significantly greater increase in D2 than in D1, resulting in a decrease in SCL. Ryanodine (10(-6) M) caused a small but significant initial decrease (-3.7%) followed by a progressive increase in SCL (+172%). Ryanodine decreased D2 without changing D1, increased maximum rate of rise and overshoot potential, and abolished tension. In the presence of ryanodine, Bay K 8644 progressively increased D1 amplitude, resulting in a cyclic pattern of dysrhythmic activity. In the presence of ryanodine, cesium significantly decreased D1 (-39.3%), shifted the late diastolic potential more negative, and increased SCL (+25.7%). These results indicated that multiple mechanisms participate in subsidiary pacemaker automaticity. They include 1) a cesium-sensitive component that contributes to a greater extent during the initial phase of diastolic depolarization, 2) a component mediated via calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that contributes primarily during the latter half of diastolic depolarization, and 3) possibly a direct contribution by the slow inward calcium current.
The Physician's Obligation to Heal AIDS Patients in Jewish Law
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Annas<sup>1</sup>states that although in American common law a physician is not obligated to treat any particular patient in the absence of a consensual physician-patient relationship, the physician has an ethical responsibility to do so. In the Jewish tradition,<sup>2</sup>divine authorization is given to the human physician to heal. Moses Maimonides expands the permissibility for a physician to heal into an obligation or mandate. G-d cherishes the life of every human being and therefore requires all biblical and rabbinic commandments except idolatry, murder, and forbidden sexual relations such as incest to be waived to save the life of a person in danger. The Talmud<sup>3</sup>states that every life is worth saving without distinction as to whether the person whose life is in danger is a criminal, a sinner, or a law-abiding citizen. Therefore, it seems clear that patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) should
Ziel einer Psychotherapie aus der Sicht aktiv-autohypnoider Verfahren
Authors: D. Langen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 Ziel einer Psychotherapie aus der Sicht aktiv-autohypnoider Verfahren Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology D. Langen D. Langen Aus der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie an der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz (Direktor: Prof. Dr. D. Langen) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1974) 24 (4-6): 379–380. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286768 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. Langen; Ziel einer Psychotherapie aus der Sicht aktiv-autohypnoider Verfahren. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1974; 24 (4-6): 379–380. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286768 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1974Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Enhancement of hemoglobin and F-cell production by targeting growth inhibition and differentiation of K562 cells with ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (didox and trimidox) in combination with streptozotocin
Authors: W.E. Iyamu, S.E. Adunyah, H. Fasold, K. Horiuchi, H.L. Elford, T. Asakura, E.A. Turner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Upon appropriate drug treatment, the human erythroleukemic K562 cells have been shown to produce hemoglobin and F-cells. Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) inhibits the polymerization events of sickle hemoglobin (Hb S), thereby ameliorating the clinical symptoms of sickle cell disease. Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (RRIs) have been shown to inhibit the growth of myeloid leukemia cells leading to the production of Hb F upon differentiation. Of the RRIs currently in use, hydroxyurea is the most effective agent for Hb F induction. We have examined the capacity of two novel RRIs, didox (DI) and trimidox (TRI), in combination with streptozotocin (STZ), to induce hemoglobin and F-cell production. The K562 cells were cultured with different concentrations of didox-STZ or trimidox-STZ at a fixed molar ratio of 3:1 and 1:5 for 96 hr, respectively. At pre-determined time intervals, aliquots of cells were obtained and total hemoglobin (benzidine positive) levels, number of F-cells, and Hb F were determined by the differential staining technique, fetal hemoglobin assay kit, and fluorescence cytometry respectively. The effect of combined drug treatment on the growth of K562 cells was examined by isobologram analysis. Our results indicate that a synergistic growth-inhibitory differentiation effect occurred when didox or trimidox was used in combination with STZ on K562 cells. There was an increase in the number of both benzidine-positive normoblasts and F-cells, accompanied by morphologic appearances typical of erythroid maturation. On day 4, the number of benzidine-positive cells showed a 6–9-fold increase and the number of F-cells was between 2.5- and 5.7-fold higher than the respective controls. Based upon these results, treatment with a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, such as didox or trimidox, in combination with STZ, might offer an additional promising option in sickle cell disease therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 63:176–183, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TCT-477 The Reperfused Myocardial Infarct Core Shows Extensive Hemorrhage With Loss of Vascular Integrity. A Comparison of Findings From Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Histology
Authors: Lourens Robbers, Elise Eerenberg, Paul Teunissen, Matthijs Jansen, Maurits Hollander, Anton Horrevoets, Paul Knaapen, Robin Nijveldt, Marcel Levi, Albert van Rossum, Hans Niessen, C. Marcu, Aernout Beek, Niels van Royen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A JAMA Theme Issue on Women's Health
Authors: Helene M. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial<sup>1</sup>examined mortality from coronary heart disease in 12 866<i>men</i>. The Health Professionals Follow-up Study<sup>2</sup>looked at the association between coffee consumption and heart disease in 45 589<i>men</i>. The Physician's Health Study<sup>3</sup>found that low-dose aspirin therapy reduced the risk of myocardial infarction in 22 071<i>men</i>. What about<i>women</i>? Is there a gender gap in medical research? Is there gender bias in medical knowledge? And are there gender differences in access to and use of medical care?<sup>4</sup>Some cautious answers to these questions are provided in this issue ofThe Journal. Manson et al<sup>5</sup>review the data from their observational study of 87 000 nurses and suggest that there may be some protective effect of aspirin in preventing cardiovascular disease in women. However, these authors, as well as Appel and Bush<sup>6</sup>in an accompanying editorial, emphasize
Out-patient Adult Psychiatric Clinics
Authors: J. Harper
Journal: BMJ (1959)

SYPHILIS BRrI5though experience in the United States suggests that this is unnecessary in the great majority of cases.Penicillin is the drug of choice in the treatment of congenital syphilis in all its stages.It is particularly effective in the first two years of life.Excessive dosage should be avoided.A good working plan is to base the dosage on body weight, giving 200,000 units per lb. (450,000units per kg.) and to space administration over 8 to 10 days.Thus, for a child weighing 7 lb.(3.2 kg.) total dosage would be 1,400,000 units.This may be given in individual doses of 20,000 units of crystalline penicillin intramuscularly every three hours, missing one dose at night.Thus the amount given daily would be 140,000 units and treatment would continue for 10 days.Alternatively, 150,000 units of procaine penicillin may be given in single doses daily for 10 days.For older children dosage is similarly based on body weight and the method of administration is the same.In these cases a preparation of procaine penicillin is to be preferred to crystalline penicillin, because it requires fewer injections.Good results have been obtained in prevention of damage to sight by interstitial keratitis by local applications of steroid hormones.A good routine is to instil drops of a suspension of cortisone acetate (5 mg. per ml.) into the conjunctival sac at intervals of one to four hours, depending upon the severity of the condition.Suspension of hydrocortisone (5 mg. per ml.), and cortisone ointment (15 mg. per g.) have also been used with effect.The steroids suppress the inflammatory reaction and hold it in check until spontaneous cure occurs, so that the amount of residual damage may be reduced to a minimum.Prolonged treatment is necessary, because relapse follows if treatment is stopped too soon.The frequency of instillation is gradually reduced, after the acute stage, but drops should be continued once or twice a day for many months.
Abstract P3-10-29: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) as Prognostic Factor for Time to Progression (TTP) and Survival in Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: H Svensson, Z Einbeigi, H Johansson, T Hatschek, Y Brandberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Prognostic factors provide important information for women with breast cancer and they are used for information on the prognosis and choice of treatment. In early breast cancer, stage, malignancy grade and hormone receptor status are used regularly as prognostic factors, while age, performance status, sites of metastasis and disease-free interval (DFI) influence the outcome in metastatic disease. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the role of HRQoL (physical, role, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning, global quality of life, fatigue and pain) at randomization as independent prognostic factors to predict time to progression (TTP) and survival. Material and methods: In the TEX trial, 287 patients with documented locally advanced or distant metastatic breast cancer were randomized to either ET (epirubicin and paclitaxel) or TEX (epirubicin, paclitaxel and capecitabine). Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was used to assess baseline HRQoL data before randomization into the trial. Data on TTP and survival were collected from the study database. Results A total of 252 (88%) of the patients recruited within the trial completed questionnaires before randomization. A multivariate analysis shows that the HRQoL variables fatigue, pain and role functioning was related to prolonged survival (P&amp;lt;0. 01). Clinical variables included in the multivariate model were age, bone metastases, and treatment arm. Analyses of the relationship between HRQoL and TTP (time to progression) will be presented. Conclusions: The present study shows that HRQoL variables, i.e. role functioning, fatigue and pain could contribute as important predictors of the outcome and may influence the choice of therapy in situations when two treatments are equally effective. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-29.
Is ADHD a valid diagnosis in adults? Yes
Authors: P. Asherson, M. Adamou, B. Bolea, U. Muller, S. D. Morua, M. Pitts, J. Thome, S. Young
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Philip Asherson and colleagues</b> argue that the concept of ADHD in adults is valid but <b>Joanna Moncrieff</b> and <b>Sami Timimi</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c547) believe that it is supported by little more than aggressive marketing