tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of the 11 and the 11+ in injury prevention and physical fitness improvement on male collegiate football teams
Authors: Y Saho, T Suzuki, M Setojima, T Ogai, T Fukubayashi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The 11 and The 11+ are accepted effective injury-prevention training programs for junior football players. However, their impact on physical fitness is unclear. Objective To elucidate the effectiveness of The 11 and The 11+A in injury prevention and physical fitness improvement. Design A prospective and pre-post intervention study. Setting The first division of a Japanese collegiate football league. Participants This study included 182 collegiate male football players, who were divided into three groups: The 11 (n=62), The 11+A (n=60) and Control (n=59). 77 players were evaluated for physical fitness. Interventions The 11 program, originally developed by FIFA, and The 11+A, by one of the authors, were conducted once or twice a week for 6 months. The 11+A focuses on plyometric training and differs slightly from The 11+. Main outcome measures Injury incidence rates during football (game and training), game and training were reported as the number of injuries per 1000 player-hours (PH). Using several field tests (sprint, pro-agility, bounding and balance), each subject's physical fitness level was evaluated prior to and 6 months after training. Results The incidence rates during football, game and training were 3.62, 19.18 and 2.58 injuries/PH in the Control group, 2.27, 11.92 and 1.53 injuries/PH in The 11 group and 2.24, 10.75 and 1.75 injuries/PH in The 11+A group, respectively. The injury incidence rate during football was significantly lower in both the training groups than in the Control group (p&lt;0.05). Pro-agility time was significantly decreased in both training groups than in the Control groups (p&lt;0.05). Balance ability improved significantly only in the 11 group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion The 11 and The 11+A were effective in injury prevention and physical fitness improvement.
Inhibition of Mammary Tumors by Incomplete T-Cell Depletion 2
Authors: Jirayr R. Roubinian, Phyllis B. Blair
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The effects of neonatal and perinatal thymectomy on mammary tumorigenesis in (C57BL X I)F1fC3H hybrid female mice were determined. When hybrid females were neonatally thymectomized by controlled suction, a procedure that removes thymic lobes completely, a large proportion of animals developed stigmas of a fulminant wasting disease and died before tumors developed. However, when hybrid females were subjected to neonatal thymectomy by continuous suction, a procedure that resulted in retention of thymic remnants, they survived and manifested a significant prolongation of latent period before tumorigenesis. When complete removal of the thymus was carried out in the perinatal period, the effect on mammary tumorigenesis was critically dependent on the age at surgery. The procedure was without effect when performed at 1, 3, and 8 weeks of age. However, when it was performed at 9-12 days of age, there was a delay or a decrease in the appearance of mammary tumors. The extent of T-cell depletion and/or its timing in relationship to the introduction of murine mammary tumor virus appeared to play a critical role in determining the effect on eventual tumor development.
Priorities for Improving the Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Irvin M. Modlin, Steven F. Moss, Daniel C. Chung, Robert T. Jensen, Elizabeth Snyderwine
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

A National Cancer Institute summit meeting on gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine and carcinoid tumors was held in September 2007 to present the currently accepted standards of care for patients with these tumors and to identify areas requiring investigation and development. These tumors are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous, present commonly with obscure symptoms that lead to delays in diagnosis of years, and have an incidence in the United States of 2.5 to 5 cases per 100,000. The 5-year survival rates range between 15% and 95%, depending on the site and extent of disease. This report delineates the main conclusions of the meeting, including the best practice diagnosis and treatment strategies for gastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and the identification of clinical and scientific areas that are most in need of attention. The most pressing needs were public and physician education, identification of molecular markers for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, improved imaging modalities and molecular prognostication, development of a standardized pathological classification system, and creation of regional centers of expertise with tumor and laboratory data banks. In addition, adequately validated neuroendocrine tumor models and cell lines should be established to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of their growth and secretion, and to facilitate the development of specific therapies that should be examined in well-designed multicenter studies of defined patient groups.
Abelson virus-induced lymphomagenesis in mice.
Authors: R Risser, M Potter, W P Rowe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The salient facts which have emerged from our study of Abelson virus (MuLV-A)lymphomagenesis in mice are that lymphoma induction is (a) age dependent, (b) virus dose dependent, and (c) under the control of host genes unrelated to other genes known to control murine leukemia (e.g., Fv-1 on Fv-2). Of 16 strains tested, only BALB/c and some of its derivative strains showed high sensitivity. Studies from CXB recombinant inbred strains and hybrids between them are interpreted to indicate that BALB/c carries dominant sensitivity alleles at two loci, tentatively designated Av-1 and Av-2, which conferon these mice partial susceptibility to MuLV-A lymphoma induction. In addition, H-2 may play a minor role in determining the susceptibility of mice to MuLV-A, its effect being seen only in mice homozygous for resistance at both Av-1 and Av-2. Virologic studies indicate that the resistance of adult B6 mice is not related to restriction on the helper virus replication, but is specific for the defective transforming virus genome.
Withdrawal of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors Elicits Oxidative Stress and Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Carmine Vecchione, Ralf P. Brandes
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) improve endothelial function. We determined whether withdrawal of statin therapy affects endothelium-dependent relaxation in mice and studied the underlying mechanism. Mice were treated with daily injections of cerivastatin (2 mg/kg per day SC), atorvastatin (1 and 10 mg/kg per day SC), or placebo. Vascular reactivity was studied in aortic rings from these mice after 10 days of treatment and after cessation of therapy for several days. Both statins improved endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine. Compared with control, withdrawal of statin treatment transiently (from day 4 to 7) attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxation. In vessels from animals subjected to atorvastatin withdrawal, the antioxidant tiron restored relaxations. Vascular superoxide anion generation was unaffected by statin therapy but was increased during withdrawal. In mice lacking the gp91phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase, no attenuation of acetylcholine-induced relaxation and no increase in superoxide generation were observed after withdrawal of atorvastatin. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, statins, which decrease the membrane association of NADPH oxidase–activating Rac-1, increased the activity of this GTPase in whole-cell lysates. Withdrawal of statins induced a translocation of Rac-1 from the cytosol to the membrane and transiently increased NADPH-induced lucigenin chemiluminescence in membrane preparations. Rac-1 inactivation by Clostridium difficile toxin B inhibited the cerivastatin-induced oxygen radical production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These observations indicate that the withdrawal of statins induces endothelial dysfunction. The underlying mechanism involves activation of a gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase by Rac-1 and the subsequent scavenging of endothelium-derived NO by superoxide anions generated from this enzyme.
Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Induced by Redox Imbalance
Authors: Satoshi Kokura, Robert E. Wolf, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, D. Neil Granger, Tak Yee Aw
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Previous studies have implicated a role for intracellular thiols in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. This study was designed to determine whether changes in endothelial cell glutathione (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can alter neutrophil adhesivity and to define the molecular mechanism that underlies this GSSG/GSH-induced adhesion response. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers for 6 hours with 0.2 mmol/L diamide and 1 mmol/L buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) decreased GSH levels and increased the ratio of GSSG to GSH without cell toxicity. These redox changes are similar to those observed with anoxia/reoxygenation. Diamide plus BSO-induced thiol/disulfide imbalance was associated with a biphasic increase in neutrophil adhesion to HUVECs with peak responses observed at 15 minutes (phase 1) and 240 minutes (phase 2). N-Acetylcysteine treatment attenuated neutrophil adhesion in both phases, which indicated a role for GSH in the adhesion responses. Interestingly, phase 1 adhesion was inversely correlated with GSH levels but not with the GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas phase 2 neutrophil adhesion was positively correlated with GSSG/GSH ratio but not with GSH levels. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin-specific monoclonal antibodies attenuated the increased neutrophil adhesion during both phases, whereas an anti-E-selectin monoclonal antibody also attenuated the phase 2 response. Pretreatment with actinomycin D and cycloheximide or with competing ds-oligonucleotides that contained nuclear factor-kappaB or activator protein-1 cognate DNA sequences significantly attenuated the phase 2 response, which implicated a role for de novo protein synthesis. Surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin on HUVECs correlated with the phase 1 and 2 neutrophil adhesion responses. This study demonstrates that changes in endothelial cell GSSG/GSH cause transcription-independent and transcription-dependent surface expression of different endothelial cell adhesion molecules, which leads to a 2-phase neutrophil-endothelial adhesion response.
Brain metastases from lung cancer responding to erlotinib: the importance of EGFR mutation
Authors: R. Porta, J. M. Sanchez-Torres, L. Paz-Ares, B. Massuti, N. Reguart, C. Mayo, P. Lianes, C. Queralt, V. Guillem, P. Salinas, S. Catot, D. Isla, A. Pradas, A. Gurpide, J. de Castro, E. Polo, T. Puig, M. Taron, R. Colomer, R. Rosell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Median survival of patients with brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor and more effective treatments are urgently needed. We have evaluated the efficacy of erlotinib in this setting and its association with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) gene. We retrospectively identified patients with NSCLC and brain metastases treated with erlotinib. <i>EGFR</i> mutations in exons 19 and 21 were analysed by direct sequencing. Efficacy and tolerability were compared according to <i>EGFR</i> mutational status. 69 NSCLC patients with brain metastases were identified, 17 of whom harboured <i>EGFR</i> mutations. Objective response rate in patients with <i>EGFR</i> mutations was 82.4%; no responses were observed in unselected patients (p&lt;0.001). Median (95% CI) time to progression within the brain for patients harbouring <i>EGFR</i> mutations was 11.7 (7.9–15.5) months, compared to 5.8 (5.2–6.4) months for control patients whose <i>EGFR</i> mutational status had not been assessed (p&lt;0.05). Overall survival was 12.9 (6.2–19.7) months and 3.1 (2.5–3.9) months (p&lt;0.001), respectively. The toxicity of erlotinib was as expected and no differences between cohorts were observed. Erlotinib is active in brain metastases from NSCLC; this clinical benefit is related to the presence of activating mutations in exons 19 or 21 of the <i>EGFR</i> gene.
Treatment of experimental arthritis with poly(D, L-lactic/glycolic acid) nanoparticles encapsulating betamethasone sodium phosphate
Authors: Megumu Higaki, Tsutomu Ishihara, Nobuo Izumo, Mitsuharu Takatsu, Yutaka Mizushima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To examine the therapeutic activity of hydrophilic glucocorticoid encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles, which have shown slow release and are targeted to inflamed joints after intravenous administration, in experimental arthritis models. <b>Methods:</b> Betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles with a size of 100–200 nm (PLGA-nanosteroid) was prepared using a modified oil in water emulsion solvent diffusion method with Zn ions and coated with lecithin. Rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA rats) and mice with anti-type II collagen antibody induced arthritis (AbIA mice) were treated intravenously with PLGA-nanosteroid after the initial sign of arthritis. <b>Results:</b> In AA rats, a 30% decrease in paw inflammation was obtained in 1 day and maintained for 1 week with a single injection of 100 μg of PLGA-nanosteroid. Soft <i>x</i> ray examination 7 days after this treatment showed decreased soft tissue swelling. Moreover, the PLGA-nanosteroid was also highly effective in AbIA mice. A single injection of 30 μg of the PLGA-nanosteroid resulted in almost complete remission of the inflammatory response after 1 week. In contrast, the same dose of free BSP after three administrations only moderately reduced the severity of inflammation. In addition, a histological examination 7 days after the treatment showed a significant decrease of the inflammatory cells in the joints. <b>Conclusion:</b> The observed strong therapeutic benefit obtained with PLGA-nanosteroid may be due to the targeting of the inflamed joint and its prolonged release in situ. Targeted drug delivery using a sustained release PLGA-nanosteroid is a successful intervention in experimental arthritis.
Depression and Other Mental Health Diagnoses Increase Mortality Risk After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Linda S. Williams, Sushmita Shoma Ghose, Ralph W. Swindle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Poststroke depression has been linked to higher mortality after stroke. However, the effect of other mental health conditions on poststroke mortality has not been examined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of poststroke depression and other mental health diagnoses on mortality after ischemic stroke. METHOD: The authors examined a national cohort of veterans hospitalized after an ischemic stroke at any U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center from 1990 to 1998. Demographic, admission, and all-cause mortality data were abstracted from VA administrative databases. Chronic conditions present at discharge and new poststroke depression and other mental health diagnoses within 3 years after the stroke were identified with ICD-9 codes. Mortality hazard ratios were modeled by using Cox regression models. RESULTS: A total of 51,119 patients hospitalized after an ischemic stroke who survived beyond 30 days afterward were identified; 2,405 (5%) received a diagnosis of depression, and 2,257 (4%) received another mental health diagnosis within 3 years of their stroke. Patients with poststroke depression were younger, more often white, and less likely to be alive at the end of the 3-year follow-up period. Both poststroke depression (hazard ratio=1.13, 95% CI=1.06–1.21) and other mental health diagnoses (hazard ratio=1.13, 95% CI=1.07–1.22) independently increased the hazard for death even after other chronic conditions were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being younger and having fewer chronic conditions, a higher 3-year mortality risk was seen in patients with poststroke depression and other mental health diagnoses after hospitalization for an ischemic stroke. The biological and psychosocial mechanisms driving this greater risk should be further explored, and the effect of depression treatment on mortality after stroke should be tested.
Associations of children's lung function with ambient air pollution: joint effects of regional and near-roadway pollutants
Authors: Robert Urman, Rob McConnell, Talat Islam, Edward L Avol, Frederick W Lurmann, Hita Vora, William S Linn, Edward B Rappaport, Frank D Gilliland, W James Gauderman
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Previous studies have reported adverse effects of either regional or near-roadway air pollution (NRAP) on lung function. However, there has been little study of the joint effects of these exposures. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the joint effects of NRAP and regional pollutants on childhood lung function in the Children9s Health Study. <h3>Methods</h3> Lung function was measured on 1811 children from eight Southern Californian communities. NRAP exposure was assessed based on (1) residential distance to the nearest freeway or major road and (2) estimated near-roadway contributions to residential nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), nitric oxide (NO) and total nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>). Exposure to regional ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), NO<sub>2</sub>, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter &lt;10 µm (PM<sub>10</sub>) and 2.5 µm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) was measured continuously at community monitors. <h3>Results</h3> An increase in near-roadway NO<sub>x</sub> of 17.9 ppb (2 SD) was associated with deficits of 1.6% in forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.005) and 1.1% in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>) (p=0.048). Effects were observed in all communities and were similar for NO<sub>2</sub> and NO. Residential proximity to a freeway was associated with a reduction in FVC. Lung function deficits of 2–3% were associated with regional PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> (FVC and FEV<sub>1</sub>) and with O<sub>3</sub> (FEV<sub>1</sub>), but not NO<sub>2</sub> across the range of exposure between communities. Associations with regional pollution and NRAP were independent in models adjusted for each. The effects of NRAP were not modified by regional pollutant concentrations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results indicate that NRAP and regional air pollution have independent adverse effects on childhood lung function.
Arndt–Gottron scleromyxoedema: successful therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: P. Gholam, M. Hartmann, A. Enk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Arndt–Gottron scleromyxoedema: successful therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins Get access P. Gholam, P. Gholam Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany E‐mail: patrick.gholam@med.uni‐heidelberg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Hartmann, M. Hartmann Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany E‐mail: patrick.gholam@med.uni‐heidelberg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Enk A. Enk Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany E‐mail: patrick.gholam@med.uni‐heidelberg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 1058–1060, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08169.x Published: 01 November 2007
TEMHEAD: a single-arm multicentre phase II study of temsirolimus in platin- and cetuximab refractory recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) of the German SCCHN Group (AIO)
Authors: V. Grünwald, U. Keilholz, A. Boehm, O. Guntinas-Lichius, B. Hennemann, H.J. Schmoll, P. Ivanyi, M. Abbas, U. Lehmann, A. Koch, A. Karch, A. Zörner, T.C. Gauler
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
M<scp>ETABOLIC</scp> L<scp>ESSONS FROM</scp> G<scp>ENETICALLY</scp> L<scp>EAN</scp> M<scp>ICE</scp>
Authors: Marc L. Reitman
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2002)

▪ Abstract Different types of lean mice have been produced by genetic manipulation. Leanness can result from deficiency of stored energy or a lack of adipocytes to store the lipid. Mice lacking functional adipocytes are usually insulin resistant and have fatty livers, and elevated circulating triglyceride levels. Insulin resistance may result from the lack of adipocyte hormones (such as leptin) and increased metabolite (such as triglyceride) levels in nonadipose tissue. Mice with depleted adipocyte triglyceride levels typically are insulin sensitive and have normal or low liver and circulating triglycerides. Mechanisms to produce depleted adipocytes include increased energy expenditure by peripheral tissues, peripheral mechanisms to decrease food intake, and altered central regulation of these processes.
Nutrition and sports performance
Authors: S Manikandan, D Selvam
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The awareness of nutrition playing an important role in sports performance. Many factors can impact the performance of a sports person during competition which may be related to different domains. The most commonly encountered nutritional related problem among sports person is their failure to consume sufficient total of food energy. Food is composed of six basic substance: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. Each one of these has specific function in providing nourishment for the body. For the sportsman, it is of critical importance to recognise what each does to his body under the physical, mental and emotional strains of competition. The duration and the intensity of the exercise involved in a given sports will determine the principal source of energy used in meeting the work demands of that particular sports. The certain nutrition and dietary approaches an enhance the sports performance and also nutrition is essential for an athletes good performance. The athlete's diet should be high in carbohydrates, moderate in proteins and low in fat.