tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peptide Immunotherapy in Fel d 1-Sensitized HLA-DR1 Transgenic Mice is Associated with Increased IL-10 but Independent of TGFbeta and Foxp3 Expression
Authors: D. Campbell, H. Gronlund, M. van Hage-Hamsten, D.M. Altmann, C.M. Lloyd, M. Larché
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
THE IDENTITY OF LUPUS VULGARIS AND LUPUS ERYTHEMATODES.
Authors: ALFRED E. REGENSBURGER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In common with all other branches of medicine, dermatology has felt the result of modern bacteriologic investigations. The brilliant discoveries of Koch, the father of bacteriology, have shattered many idols and put a different aspect upon many things. The advances wrought have been so enormous as to thoroughly have revolutionized some matters. The etiology and pathology of many diseases have been cleared up and the way leading to the elucidation of many mooted questions pointed out. Lupus vulgaris is one of the questions upon which the search-light of bacteriology has fallen with most beneficial effect. Prior to Koch's time its etiology and pathology were misunderstood. Now nothing is more surely established in medicine than that it is a tuberculosis of the skin. The crucial test of inoculation with pure cultures and with tubercular matter proved the identity of lupus vulgaris and tuberculosis. It is true that animals were successfully inoculated
How to interface cognitive psychology with cognitive neuroscience?
Authors: Hannu Tiitinen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Cowan's analysis of human short-term memory (STM) and attention in terms of processing limits in the range of 4 items (or “chunks”) is discussed from the point of view of cognitive neuroscience. Although, Cowan already provides many important theoretical insights, we need to learn more about how to build further bridges between cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Induced by Aripiprazole in a 12-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Radhika Dhamija, Rajanshu Verma
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Aripiprazole is a relatively new atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat aggression, bipolar disorder, conduct and mood disorder, and Tourette's syndrome in children and schizophrenia-related mood disturbances in adults. It is believed to have fewer side effects such as weight gain, pancreatitis, and hyperglycemia (1,2). We report a 12-year-old boy who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to Aripiprazole use.

A 12-year-old Caucasian boy with a history of intractable epilepsy, mental retardation, …
Effect of fulvine on pulmonary arteries and veins of the rat
Authors: C. A. Wagenvoort, N. Wagenvoort, H. J. Dijk
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Wagenvoort, C. A., Wagenvoort, N., and Dijk, H. J. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 522-529. <b>Effect of fulvine on pulmonary arteries and veins of the rat.</b> Fulvine, one of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids from the Crotalaria group, was administered to rats in a single dose. Vasoconstriction and medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries and right ventricular hypertrophy developed gradually, starting after one week. Smooth muscle fibres developed in the arterial adventitia. Fibrinoid necrosis and arteritis of these arteries were common. In addition, however, changes were observed in pulmonary veins and venules which showed thickening of their walls by constriction, proliferation of muscle fibres, and increase of collagen, leading to luminal occlusion. Apparently fulvine is angiotoxic not only for pulmonary arteries but also for pulmonary veins. This detracts from the usefulness of fulvine in the experimental production of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Audit of care for epileptics in a general practice.
Authors: L I Zander, H Graham, D C Morrell, P Fenwick
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Audit of care for epileptics in a general practiceThe care provided for epileptic patients has been criticised in the Reid report,' by Hopkins and Scambler,2 and by Reynolds.3Criticisms have included poor communication between specialists and general practitioners, lack of continuity in care, and inappropriate drug treatment.We report on an attempt to audit the nature and quality of the care provided for the known epileptics in a general practice of 8500 patients.
Characterization of resident glomerular cells in the rat expressing Ia determinants and manifesting genetically restricted interactions with lymphocytes.
Authors: G F Schreiner, J M Kiely, R S Cotran, E R Unanue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The existence of a subpopulation of rat glomerular cells bearing Ia determinants has been demonstrated with the aid of techniques for the enzymatic isolation and culture of glomerular cells. The Ia-positive cell is normally resident in the uninflamed glomerulus. It resembles a mononuclear phagocyte and consists of a functionally heterogeneous cell population with the capacity of Fc receptor display and phagocytosis, both in vivo and in vitro. A new technique for labeling these cells in situ in intact glomeruli has indicated that Ia-positive cells make up approximately 2% of the total glomerular cell population. The isolated glomerular cells can take up antigen and stimulate immune lymphocytes in an I-region-restricted interaction. They are strongly stimulatory in an allogeneic primary mixed lymphocyte culture. Characterization of this cell type suggests potential new insights into the pathogenesis of renal allograft rejection and immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis.
Dissociation Between Exertional Symptoms and Circulatory Function in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: John R. Wilson, Glenn Rayos, T. K. Yeoh, Patricia Gothard, Karen Bak
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Patients with heart failure frequently report exertional dyspnea and fatigue. These symptoms are usually attributed to circulatory dysfunction and therefore are typically treated with cardiovascular medications. Serial assessment of exertional symptoms has also become the principal method used to assess drug efficacy in heart failure. Nevertheless, the relation between exertional symptoms in heart failure and circulatory dysfunction remains uncertain. Methods and Results This study was undertaken to investigate the relation between exertional symptoms, ventilatory and skeletal muscle dysfunction, and circulatory function in patients with heart failure. To this end, 52 ambulatory patients with heart failure underwent hemodynamic monitoring during maximal treadmill exercise testing. During exercise, the severity of dyspnea and fatigue was evaluated on a scale of 6 to 20 (Borg scale). The level of perceived exercise intolerance during daily activities was evaluated with the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire and the Yale Dyspnea-Fatigue Index. Maximal treadmill exercise increased the V̇ o 2 to 13.4±2.8 mL · min −1 · kg −1 , the dyspnea score to 15.7±2.3, the fatigue score to 14.8±3.4, the pulmonary wedge pressure to 28±11 mm Hg, and the pulmonary artery lactate concentration to 34.5±16.3 mg/dL and decreased the pulmonary artery hemoglobin oxygen saturation to 30±9%. The level of perceived dyspnea had no relation to the pulmonary wedge pressure and correlated only minimally with the level of excessive ventilation ( r =.39). The level of perceived fatigue correlated only weakly with blood lactate concentration ( r =.55). Eleven patients (21%) exhibited a normal cardiac output and wedge pressure &lt;20 mm Hg during exercise, 22 (42%) exhibited a normal cardiac output but wedge pressure &gt;20 mm Hg during exercise, and 19 (37%) exhibited reduced cardiac output and wedge pressure &gt;20 mm Hg during exercise. Despite these markedly different hemodynamic responses, all three groups exhibited similar levels of fatigue and dyspnea at comparable workloads and had comparable total scores for the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire and the Yale Dyspnea-Fatigue Index. There was no relation between the Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire and peak exercise V̇ o 2 and only a weak correlation between the Dyspnea-Fatigue Index and peak V̇ o 2 ( r =.48). Conclusions The level of exercise intolerance perceived by patients with heart failure has little or no relation to objective measures of circulatory, ventilatory, or metabolic dysfunction during exercise. In patients who report severe exertional symptoms, it may be desirable to directly measure hemodynamic response to exercise to ensure that these symptoms are due to circulatory dysfunction.
ETHYL CHLORID AS A GENERAL ANESTHETIC.
Authors: A. E. OSMOND
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I have lately noticed inThe Journalvarious articles on the use of ethyl chlorid as a short general anesthetic, and some specially constructed masks. To my mind the latter are too expensive for the general practitioner, and I desire to present a method that I use in the receiving ward of the Cincinnati Hospital. With the patient on his back, I place over his mouth and nose two layers of thin gauze. Over this I place a tin or glass funnel around the bottom of which is wrapped a towel, as shown in the accompanying illustration. The ethyl chlorid is sprayed down the small end of the funnel. The gauze keeps the nose from being frozen, and the towel prevents too great a loss of ethyl chlorid, yet gives free access of air, so that the vapor can not be too concentrated. The patient readily goes to sleep. The
Nine ladies laid bare?
Authors: C. McManus
Journal: BMJ (1990)

carried out but these seem to have been perpetrated by younger members of the German S S divisions. An interesting aspect of the book is how the men endured such tremendous hardship. There was suffering and death all around them. They were losing their officers and friends at a very rapid rate. There was no food. They were running out of ammunition, and physical conditions were extremely difficult. Nevertheless, their morale seems to have been remarkably high and they endured these conditions for several days. There is little reference in the book to any psychological breakdown. This of course was before the term post-traumatic stress disorder was used. In the first world war it was called  shock and in the second world war a variety of terms were used, such as combat fatigue and battle neurosis. The psychological mechanism is similar in all of these conditions. Although there is brief reference to one or two people being shell shocked, this does not seem to have been common among the soldiers at Arnhem. Was this because they thought they were going to be relieved by the main army advancing towards the Rhine? Or was it due to their intensive training? The fact that they were hand picked to be paratroopers and the strong companionship existing among the men were obviously important. It would be valuable and interesting to try to ascertain which of these factors kept up the high morale of the men, and possibly in the future someone could attempt this research, although the length of time since the action would make it difficult'.
Double balloon enteroscopy in the era of capsule endoscopy: necessity or luxury?
Authors: R. Sidhu, M. E. McAlindon, S. Hardcastle, D. S. Sanders
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The use of double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in the UK has been relatively slow and limited to tertiary centres. The authors evaluated the demand for DBE in the UK and impact on patient management. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected prospectively for all DBE procedures performed since 2006. All patients underwent CE (either at our centre or elsewhere) prior to DBE. The majority of CE was positive which directed the route for DBE. Patient demographics, indications, procedural details and change in management were collected. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 166 procedures were carried out in 121 patients over 50 months (85 oral route, 81 retrograde route). 74% of the referrals were from outside the region. There were 65 females with a median age of 52 years (range 20–83 years). The most common indication for DBE was iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in 43% followed by Crohn9s disease in 32% and overt bleeding in 12%. The median procedure time was 66 min (2–160 min). Pan enteroscopy was achieved in one patient. The overall diagnostic yield for DBE was 46% for all indications. The complication rate was 0.8% with one case of pancreatitis postpolypectomy which was managed conservatively. Four patients with small bowel tumours on CE were referred for surgery as the tumour was not reached at DBE. The yield for DBE for vascular lesions was 52% (15/29). In two patients from this cohort, alternative diagnosis were found while a repeat CE locally was normal in 3 other patients. Polyps were seen in 6 patients on CE, 4 of these underwent polypectomy at DBE. In the 2 remaining patients, the isolated polyp at CE was thought to be incidental and not pursued. Therapeutic intervention was performed during DBE in 20% (n=24: argon plasma coagulation (n=17), endoscopic mucosal resection (n=5) and endo clips (n=2). Patient management was altered in 38% of the cohort after DBE which included intervention at DBE (n=24), referral for surgery (n=2), inflammatory bowel disease directed therapy (n=6), helicobacter pylori eradication (n=1), chemotherapy (n=1) and stopping NSAIDs (n=1). The technique of DBE is associated with a learning curve. In this series, the diagnostic yield in the latter 50 patients was 56% compared to 40% in the initial 50 patients (p=0.1). The procedural time also decreased but was not statistically significant (70 vs 63 min, p=0.1). In 2009, for every 17 CE9s performed one patient underwent DBE locally. <h3>Conclusion</h3> DBE has a high diagnostic yield, low complication rate and positive impact on patient management with the ability to perform biopsies or therapeutics for pathology seen on CE. The demand for DBE is rising and it is fast becoming a necessity in the investigation algorithm of the small bowel.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Unbound Paclitaxel During 1- and 3-Hour Infusions
Authors: H. Gelderblom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The paclitaxel vehicle Cremophor EL (CrEL) profoundly influences the cellular distribution of paclitaxel in human blood in vitro by a concentration-dependent decrease of the unbound drug fraction. Because CrEL clearance increases by extending the infusion duration from 3 to 24 hours, we hypothesized that exposure to unbound paclitaxel might also be schedule-dependent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CrEL and unbound paclitaxel pharmacokinetics were prospectively analyzed in 29 patients with advanced solid tumors treated with paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 given as a 1-hour (n = 15) or 3-hour (n = 14) intravenous infusion. RESULTS: The systemic exposure (area under the curve [AUC]) to CrEL was significantly higher with the 1-hour as compared with the 3-hour schedule (80.2 ± 24.2 v 48.5 ± 24.1 μL·h/mL; P = .002). In contrast, the AUC of unbound paclitaxel was substantially reduced after the 1-hour infusion (0.50 ± 0.10 v 0.62 ± 0.12 μmol/L·h; P = .009). Similarly, clearance and volume of distribution were significantly dependent on infusion duration (P < .005). A trend was observed toward more severe hematologic toxicity with the 3-hour schedule (P = .053), consistent with increased exposure to unbound drug. CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings explain, at least in part, previous observations that short-infusion schedules of paclitaxel lack significant myelotoxicity, whereas potentially CrEL-related side effects, including peripheral neuropathy, are augmented.
The case for steroid—antibiotic combinations
Authors: JAMES J. LEYDEN, ALBERT M. KLIGMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article The case for steroid—antibiotic combinations Get access JAMES J. LEYDEN, JAMES J. LEYDEN Duhring Laboratories, Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Penna. 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ALBERT M. KLIGMAN ALBERT M. KLIGMAN Duhring Laboratories, Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Penna. 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 2, 1 February 1977, Pages 179–187, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb12541.x Published: 01 February 1977
Biochemical investigations in geophagia
Authors: M J Dreyer, P G Chaushev, R F Gledhill
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Woywodt and Kiss’ historical review of geophagia1 prompts us to report a study illustrating how, through absorption or liberation of essential minerals, earth when consumed habitually can be either harmful or, possibly, nutritious. The amount of material ingested probably contributes as well.

An African woman admitted to hospital with limb paralysis had a serum potassium of 1.3 mmol/L (reference range, 3.5–5.0). Other serum electrolytes were normal. The hypokalaemia and a concurrent iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin 7.9 g/dL, serum iron 3.5 μmol/L) remained unaccounted for. Further enquiry disclosed a 10-year history of geophagia.

The earth she ingested was obtained from her garden. It was black with white speckles, malleable, rough in texture and composed of granular particles (‘black earth’). Earth excavated locally for eating was obtained from a nearby market. This was dusky pink, firm, fine in texture and composed of flaky particles (‘red earth’). Samples of black earth and red earth weighing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g were mixed with 5 mL iron-enriched Ringer-lactate. Studies were done at both pH 2.0 (addition of 6 mol/L HCl) and pH 6.2. Analyses were performed on a standard system.

Black earth absorbed sodium, potassium and iron. It also liberated calcium and magnesium. These effects were present at either pH. Red earth absorbed potassium, slightly, at either pH. Iron was liberated at pH 2.0 and absorbed at pH 6.2. Other elements showed small differences only. Changes for black earth and for red earth were proportionate to mass concentration. (Full details can be had from RFG.)

Our patient’s intake of potassium conformed to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and that of iron was deficient (44% of RDA). The demonstrated absorbent properties for potassium and for iron of black earth indeed could thereby have caused her hypokalaemic paralysis and contributed to her iron deficiency anaemia.

Absorbent properties for sodium of black earth, though notable, were not homoeostatically significant. Intake was estimated at only 7.5% of dietary guidelines, yet the serum concentration was normal. The same applies to magnesium. This was liberated from black earth in quite large amounts, dietary intake exceeded the RDA (120%) and yet the serum concentration again was normal. Intake of calcium was below the RDA (43.5%), while the serum concentration was normal. Possibly, the calcium liberated from black earth actually functioned as a dietary supplement.2–4

The local African population believes that ingestion of earth benefits women when they become pregnant. Red earth indeed had properties that might prevent iron deficiency anaemia, though the bioavailability of this (non-haem, contaminant) iron may be limited.5

Before attributing any adverse or beneficial consequences to geophagia, the ion-exchange capacity6 of the substance in question should be evaluated. That is within the scope of most hospital laboratories.
Carcinogenicity of Dioxins
Authors: Ellen K. Silbergeld
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Carcinogenicity of Dioxins Get access Ellen K. Silbergeld Ellen K. Silbergeld Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 17, 4 September 1991, Pages 1198–1199, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.17.1198 Published: 04 September 1991 Article history Received: 26 July 1991 Accepted: 30 July 1991 Published: 04 September 1991
Real World Effectiveness of Rosiglitazone Added to Maximal (Tolerated) Doses of Metformin and a Sulphonylurea Agent
Authors: Parijat De
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

I read with interest the article by Roy et al. (1) regarding the use of triple oral therapy in their minority population. I would like to point out our similar experience in the U.K. with a few take-home messages.

We studied 32 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes (18 men and 14 women, aged 53 ± 10.6 years [means ± SD], diabetes duration 7.2 ± 5.4 years) in an inner city teaching …
Acute non‐lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) following treatment with dacarbazine for malignant melanoma
Authors: Robert W. Carey, Victoria S. Kunz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

ANLL followed a brief period of aplastic anemia in a man treated intensively 4 years and 3 months previously with dacarbazine as "adjuvant" therapy for malignant melanoma. This is the first reported instance in which the latency between drug exposure and onset of leukemia strongly implicates dacarbazine as a leukemogenic agent.
1007-173 Tissue factor pathway inhibition, a new antithrombotic strategy: Phase-II study of a novel, oral factor Xa inhibitor
Authors: Mohammad Urooj Zafar, Juan Viles-Gonzalez, Carolina Valdiviezo, Sunil X Anand, David A Vorch, Rogelio Mosqueda, Valentin Fuster, Juan J Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The role of homocysteine as a significant risk factor for white matter lesions in Japanese women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Futoshi Anan, Takayuki Masaki, Hiroshi Tatsukawa, Shuji Nagano, Motohiro Oribe, Nobuoki Eshima, Tetsunori Saikawa, Hironobu Yoshimatsu
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
NEW STRATEGY OF MEDICAL THERAPY TO LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT CORONARY STENOSIS BY USING ACETYLCHOLINE PROVOCATION
Authors: Takumi Inami, Masaharu Kataoka, Hisaaki Mera, Hideyasu Kohshoh, Ryouji Yanagisawa, Hiroki Taguchi, Haruhisa Ishiguro, Tomohiro Manabe, Tohru Satoh, Hideaki Yoshino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Confronting a Biological Armageddon: Experts Tackle Prospect of Bioterrorism
Authors: J. Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

ABSTRACT IT SOUNDS LIKE the plot of a Hollywood thriller du jour: Terrorists stealthily plant a cache of deadly anthrax spores in the air vents of the New York Stock Exchange. Hundreds die, plunging the global economy into turmoil.Or consider another scenario: 2 dozen recently hospitalized people, stricken with what at first appears to be a particularly virulent strain of influenza, develop the alarming symptoms of a deadly hemorrhagic fever. By the time the source of the infection is identified as Ebola virus, introduced into blood products by a disgruntled blood bank supervisor whose spouse works at a government research lab, as many as 58 000 people have been significantly exposed to the infection. Some almost certainly carry the contagion with them as they flee the city in panic.While screenwriters may well be cranking out a Die Hard on Wall Street, these scenarios were created by people who concern