tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ipratropium Bromide Increases the Ability of the Nose to Warm and Humidify Air
Authors: PARAYA ASSANASEN, FAUD M. BAROODY, PHILIP ROUADI, EDWARD NAURECKAS, JULIAN SOLWAY, ROBERT M. NACLERIO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We have developed a method for measuring the temperature and relative humidity of air prior to and after nasal conditioning and used it to study the effect of treatment with ipratropium bromide on the ability of the nose to condition cold, dry air. We performed randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover studies and an open study in nonallergic subjects. The subjects were treated with ipratropium bromide (84 μ g) or normal saline solution sprayed into the nasal cavity 15 min before the measurement of nasal conditioning capacity. Cold, dry air was delivered to the nose via a nasal mask, and the temperature and humidity of air were measured before entering and after exiting the nasal cavity. The total water gradient across the nose was calculated and represents nasal conditioning capacity. Ipratropium bromide treatment significantly increased nasal conditioning capacity when compared with saline. Ipratropium bromide led to less reduction in the cold, dry air-induced decrease in the nasal volume (p < 0.05) without affecting the decrease in nasal surface temperature during cold, dry air exposure (p = 0.3). Our data show that ipratropium bromide increases the ability of the nose to condition cold, dry air. Thus, treating rhinitis with ipratropium bromide should not increase the burden for inspired air conditioning on the conducting pulmonary airways.
Immune thrombocytopenia and interferon alfa.
Authors: E. J. Kanfer, D. M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1988)

have many more observations, which I quoted earlier (8 October, p 918).I accept their point about the shorter latent period for melanoma; but the evidence for nonlinearity in the incidence-exposure relation for melanoma is also relevant.Our differences of emphasis may reflect a concentration on shorter term effects by Professor MacKie and Dr Ryecroft and my concentration on the longer term outlook.
Volumetric Quantification of Global and Regional Left Ventricular Function From Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Images
Authors: Cristiana Corsi, Roberto M. Lang, Federico Veronesi, Lynn Weinert, Enrico G. Caiani, Peter MacEneaney, Claudio Lamberti, Victor Mor-Avi
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Real-time 3D echocardiographic (RT3DE) data sets contain dynamic volumetric information on cardiac function. However, quantification of left ventricular (LV) function from 3D echocardiographic data is performed on cut-planes extracted from the 3D data sets and thus does not fully exploit the volumetric information. Accordingly, we developed a volumetric analysis technique aimed at quantification of global and regional LV function.RT3DE images obtained in 30 patients (Philips 7500) were analyzed by use of custom software based on the level-set approach for semiautomated detection of LV endocardial surface throughout the cardiac cycle, from which global and regional LV volume (LVV)-time and wall motion (WM)-time curves were obtained. The study design included 3 protocols. In protocol 1, time curves obtained in 16 patients were compared point-by-point with MRI data (linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses). Global LVV correlated highly with MRI (r=0.98; y=0.99x+2.3) with minimal bias (1.4 mL) and narrow limits of agreement (+/-20 mL). WM correlated highly only in basal and midventricular segments (r=0.88; y=0.85x+0.7). In protocol 2, we tested the ability of this technique to differentiate populations with known differences in LV function by studying 9 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 9 normal subjects. All calculated indices of global and regional systolic and diastolic LV function were significantly different between the groups. In protocol 3, we tested the feasibility of automated detection of regional WM abnormalities in 11 patients. In each segment, abnormality was detected when regional shortening fraction was below a threshold obtained in normal subjects. The automated detection agreed with expert interpretation of 2D WM in 86% of segments.Volumetric analysis of RT3DE data is clinically feasible and allows fast, semiautomated, dynamic measurement of LVV and automated detection of regional WM abnormalities.
The Role of Tc-99m IDA Hepatobiliary and Tc-99m Colloid Hepatic Imaging in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: TAMIO ABURANO, KUNIHIKO YOKOYAMA, NORIYUKI SHUKE, SEIGO KINUYA, TERUHIKO TAKAYAMA, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

To assess the presence of primary biliary cirrhosis, 15 patients at various histopathologic stages were studied by Tc-99m IDA hepatobiliary and/or Tc-99m colloid hepatic imaging. In the earlier stages (I and II), seven of eight patients (88%) showed uniform hepatic retention of Tc-99m IDA. Of seven patients in the same stage, however, four (57%) showed no abnormality on Tc-99m colliod imaging. In three of these four negative patients (75%), uniform hepatic retention of Tc-99m IDA was noted. In the later stages (III and IV), all seven patients showed decreased clearance with or without delayed tracer appearance in the intestine and prominent hepatic retention on Tc-99m IDA imaging; with Tc-99m colloid imaging there was enlargement of the spleen and increased activity in the spleen and bone marrow. Thus, Tc-99m IDA imaging is considered to be more useful in revealing this functional disorder at the earlier stage of primary biliary cirrhosis and in evaluating progression from an earlier to a later stage of disease. Tc-99m colloid imaging also effectively evaluated progression.
Using Hawthorne Effects to Improve Adherence in Clinical Practice: Lessons From Clinical Trials—Reply
Authors: Joel M. Gelfand, Shuwei Wang, Junko Takeshita, Andrew D. Robertson, Gerald G. Krueger, Kristina Callis Duffin, Abby S. Van Voorhees
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Primum non nocere, or the pharmacological lucky dip.
Authors: D Vere
Journal: BMJ (1976)

D-V Strip of nail removed (A) and flaps of nail wall (B) and nail fold (C) reflected to expose segment of germinal matrix (D) to be excised.A simple and logical operation for unilateral embedded toenail was described by Heifetz in 1945.8This consists of removal of a small segment of germinal matrix on the affected side of the nail.No sutures are required and healing occurs within a few days.Mr Palmer and Mr Stevenson imply that their operation can be performed in the presence of sepsis, cutting through inflamed nail wall.A deliberate operation through inflamed tissues is bad surgical practice and sooner or later this will lead to severe exacerbations of infection.In infected cases it is safer to excise a small strip of embedded nail under local anaesthesia four weeks before surgery.This will enable an exact dissection of the portion of germinal matrix to be performed under ideal conditions.
Dermatitis repens, Lapiere and generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: G.B. COLVER, S.M. BURGE, P.R. MILLARD, T.J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

The presence of subcorneal pustules in a solitary, indolent, crusted plaque, or in erythema annulare‐like lesions with a trailing scale, is evidence of atypical psoriasis. When these lesions appear late in life there is a significant risk of generalized pustular psoriasis with a poor prognosis. A case is presented in whom both of these atypical forms occurred and who developed severe generalized disease. Clinical and histological features are described.
The role of circulating cells in skin reactions
Authors: J. MORLEY, S. SANJAR, C. P. PAGE, U. BRETZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article The role of circulating cells in skin reactions Get access J. MORLEY, J. MORLEY Sandoz AG, Pre‐Clinical Research, Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. SANJAR, S. SANJAR Sandoz AG, Pre‐Clinical Research, Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. P. PAGE, C. P. PAGE Sandoz AG, Pre‐Clinical Research, Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. BRETZ U. BRETZ Sandoz AG, Pre‐Clinical Research, Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s28, 1 July 1985, Pages 86–90, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb15631.x Published: 01 July 1985
Once-Weekly Dalbavancin versus Daily Conventional Therapy for Skin Infection
Authors: Helen W. Boucher, Mark Wilcox, George H. Talbot, Sailaja Puttagunta, Anita F. Das, Michael W. Dunne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Dalbavancin, a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic agent that is active against gram-positive pathogens, has a long plasma half-life, allowing for once-weekly dosing. DISCOVER 1 and DISCOVER 2 were identically designed noninferiority trials of dalbavancin for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infection.We randomly assigned patients to receive dalbavancin intravenously on days 1 and 8 or vancomycin intravenously for at least 3 days with the option to switch to oral linezolid to complete 10 to 14 days of therapy. The primary end point, early clinical response, required the cessation of spread of infection-related erythema and the absence of fever at 48 to 72 hours. Secondary end points at the end of therapy included clinical status and investigator's assessment of outcome.Analysis of the primary end point showed noninferiority of dalbavancin in both DISCOVER 1 and DISCOVER 2. In the pooled analysis, 525 of 659 patients (79.7%) in the dalbavancin group and 521 of 653 (79.8%) in the vancomycin-linezolid group had an early clinical response indicating treatment success (weighted difference, -0.1 percentage point; 95% confidence interval, -4.5 to 4.2). The outcomes were similar in the analyses by study and the pooled analyses of clinical status at the end of therapy and the investigator's assessment of outcome. For patients infected with Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, clinical success was seen in 90.6% of the patients treated with dalbavancin and 93.8% of those treated with vancomycin-linezolid. Adverse events and study days with an adverse event were less frequent in the dalbavancin group than in the vancomycin-linezolid group. The most common treatment-related adverse events in either group were nausea, diarrhea, and pruritus.Once-weekly intravenous dalbavancin was not inferior to twice-daily intravenous vancomycin followed by oral linezolid for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infection. (Funded by Durata Therapeutics; DISCOVER 1 and DISCOVER 2 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01339091 and NCT01431339.).
Persistent ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica responding to treatment with cyclosporin
Authors: None Darvay, None Acland, None Russell-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We report two patients with severe ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) who responded to cyclosporin. One patient had suffered persistent ulceration for a period of 7 years and the other had NL of recent onset. In both cases, ulceration healed completely after 4 months of therapy, and both patients have remained free of ulceration since discontinuing therapy. The possible mode of action of cyclosporin in the context of this debilitating disease is discussed.
Consultants' hours of work: a new perspective
Authors: Austin A Leach
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer Assessing HER2/neu status incurs more costs for treatmentEditor-The results of recent trials are likely to continue to fuel the demand for trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer, 1 as well as a possible neoadjuvant treatment in the near future.However, Dent and Clemons did not discuss the difficulty in obtaining accurate and reproducible assessment of HER2/neu gene overexpression.Immunohistochemical testing measures HER2/neu protein expression whereas in situ hybridisation measures gene amplification.Patients with equivocal immunohistochemical results require in situ hybridisation to determine definitive status because interobserver variability using immunohistochemical testing is appreciable.At least 20% of patients with positive immunohistochemical results will be truly negative for HER2/neu gene amplification; these patients would not benefit from trastuzumab. 2 These difficulties in assessing HER2/ neu status have been encountered in studies testing trastuzumab, and in situ hybridisation testing has been used as the gold standard. 3 As the clinical utility of trastuzumab widens guidelines on HER2/neu testing must be clear to ensure appropriate use of trastuzumab.Clearly this testing will incur additional costs to trastuzumab treatment.
Direct Inhibition of Retinoblastoma Phosphorylation by Nimbolide Causes Cell-Cycle Arrest and Suppresses Glioblastoma Growth
Authors: Swagata Karkare, Rishi Raj Chhipa, Jane Anderson, Xiaona Liu, Heather Henry, Anjelika Gasilina, Nicholas Nassar, Jayeeta Roychoudhury, Jason P Clark, Ashish Kumar, Giovanni M. Pauletti, Pradip K. Ghosh, Biplab Dasgupta
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Classical pharmacology allows the use and development of conventional phytomedicine faster and more economically than conventional drugs. This approach should be tested for their efficacy in terms of complementarity and disease control. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms by which nimbolide, a triterpenoid found in the well-known medicinal plant Azadirachta indica, controls glioblastoma growth. Experimental Design: Using in vitro signaling, anchorage-independent growth, kinase assays, and xenograft models, we investigated the mechanisms of its growth inhibition in glioblastoma. Results: We show that nimbolide or an ethanol soluble fraction of A. indica leaves (Azt) that contains nimbolide as the principal cytotoxic agent is highly cytotoxic against glioblastoma multiforme in vitro and in vivo. Azt caused cell-cycle arrest, most prominently at the G1–S stage in glioblastoma multiforme cells expressing EGFRvIII, an oncogene present in about 20% to 25% of glioblastoma multiformes. Azt/nimbolide directly inhibited CDK4/CDK6 kinase activity leading to hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, cell-cycle arrest at G1—S, and cell death. Independent of retinoblastoma hypophosphorylation, Azt also significantly reduced proliferative and survival advantage of glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro and in tumor xenografts by downregulating Bcl2 and blocking growth factor-induced phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and STAT3. These effects were specific because Azt did not affect mTOR or other cell-cycle regulators. In vivo, Azt completely prevented initiation and inhibited progression of glioblastoma multiforme growth. Conclusions: Our preclinical findings demonstrate nimbolide as a potent anti-glioma agent that blocks cell cycle and inhibits glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 199–212. ©2013 AACR.
Reductionism and the neuron doctrine: A metaphysical fix of Gold &amp; Stoljar's trivial–radical distinction
Authors: James Fahey, Michael Zenzen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The trivial neuron doctrine (TND) holds that psychology merely depends on neurobiology. The radical neuron doctrine (RND) goes further and claims that psychology is superfluous in that neuroscience can “replace it.” Popular among RND notions of “replacement” is “reduction,” and in our commentary we challenge Gold &amp; Stoljar (G&amp;S) to make clear their distinction between merely depends on (TND) and is reducible to (RND). G&amp;S give us a TND–RND distinction that is a distinction without a difference; a defensible TND–RND distinction must have a metaphysical basis. We suggest a denial of compositionalism as such a basis.
Prevalence of a Normal C-Reactive Protein with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Biopsy-Proven Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Mona Parikh, Neil R. Miller, Andrew G. Lee, Peter J. Savino, M. Noel Vacarezza, Wayne Cornblath, Eric Eggenberger, Aileen Antonio-Santos, Karl Golnik, Randy Kardon, Michael Wall
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Needle tracheostomy for acute upper airway obstruction.
Authors: T H Lee
Journal: BMJ (1978)

there was a significant rise in the Paco2 (P<0 001) in ten patients (table) but no significant change in the other two values.Mean plasma cholesterol concentration was 5 6 mmol/l (range 2-6-7 7) (216 mg/100 ml (100-297))(normal 4-8 mmol/I (154-308 mg/100 ml)) while the mean plasma cortisol concentration in the 13 patients studied was 472 nmol/l (range 110-1090) (17 ttg/100 ml (range 3-39)).Normal at 0900 was 280-690 nmol/l (10-25 ,ug/l).The routine biochemical and haematological tests showed no unex- plained abnormalities.
Research, robots, and reality: A statement on current trends in biorobotics
Authors: Ernst Niebur, Mounya Elhilali, Iyad Obeid, Justin Werfel, Mark Blanchard, Mattia Frasca, Kaushik Ghose, Constanze Hofstoetter, Giovanni Indiveri, Mark W. Tilden
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

While robotics has benefited from inspiration gained from biology, the opposite is not the case: there are few if any cases in which robotic models have lead to genuine insight into biology. We analyze the reasons why biorobotics has been essentially a one-way street. We argue that the development of better tools is essential for progress in this field.
Orphan drugs and the NHS: should we value rarity?
Authors: Christopher McCabe, Karl Claxton, Aki Tsuchiya
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The growing number and costs of drugs for rare diseases are straining healthcare budgets.Decisions on funding these treatments need to be made on a sound basis Cost effectiveness plays an important part in current decisions about the funding of health technologies.Drugs for rare disease (orphan drugs) are often expensive to produce and, by definition, will benefit only small numbers of patients.Several countries have put measures in place to safeguard research and development of orphan drugs, but few get close to meeting the cost effectiveness criteria for funding by healthcare providers.We examine the justifications for special status for rare diseases and ask whether the cost effectiveness of drugs for rare or very rare diseases should be treated differently from that of other drugs and interventions.
Hydatid of Brain: Chronic Meningitis: Serous Effusion: Apoplectic Seizure: Death
Authors: W. H. Macnamara
Journal: BMJ (1876)

The urine should be carefully tested for sugar and albumen-the specific gravity is usually much below normal.I have found injections of one- fortieth grain of atropine to moderate the excessive salivary secretion ; and, as the digestive powers are usually good, cod-liver oil, with phos- phorus and steel, are undoubtedly useful.
THE SKIN RESPONSE OF RABBITS TO NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Clifford L. Derick, Christopher H. Andrewes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

An attempt has been made to interpret on the lines of the Arthus phenomenon the secondary reaction which follows the intradermal inoculation of certain non-hemolytic streptococci into rabbits; but evidence in support of this interpretation of the reaction has not been obtained. The facts make it seem probable that if this secondary reaction is due to a hypersensitive state it must be one more closely allied to the tuberculin reaction than to the Arthus phenomenon.
THE CORRECTION OF RETRODISPLACEMENTS OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: CHARLES W. OVIATT
Journal: JAMA (1904)

It is unnecessary to occupy your valuable time by going extensively into theories advanced as to the etiology of retrodisplacements of the uterus, or discuss the almost endless train of subjective symptoms that have been attributed to this condition. Nor shall I attempt to trace the evolution of the treatment from the time of Hodge down through the operative measures that have been devised during the last decade. This is history with which you are all familiar. The uterus, bladder and rectum have their physiologic range of motion, and must remain susceptible of motion to perform their functions normally. This being true, there can be no fixed axis of the uterus while it retains its normal relation to the other pelvic organs. Simultaneously with retrodeviation beyond the normal limit of motion, there is a descent of the organ toward the pelvic outlet, with a change of its relation to surrounding
Type D hepatitis: The clinical significance of hepatitis D virus RNA in serum as detected by a hybridization-based assay
Authors: Antonina Smedile, Mario Rizzetto, Katherine Denniston, Ferruccio Bonino, Frances Wells, Giorgio Verme, Fausto Consolo, Bill Hoyer, Robert H. Purcell, John L. Gerin
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Hepatitis D virus is a defective human pathogen that requires hepatitis B virus for its replication. A hybridization-based assay for the 1.75 kb RNA genome of hepatitis D virus was developed using as probe a radiolabeled transcript of a cloned cDNA fragment (pKD3 hepatitis D virus DNA). Sera from 120 chronic carriers of HBsAg with confirmed hepatitis D virus infection were analyzed for the presence of hepatitis D virus RNA. Serum hepatitis D virus RNA was detected in 43 of 74 (58%) patients with chronic liver disease; some patients were positive for hepatitis D virus RNA in multiple samples over a period of several years. Serum hepatitis D virus RNA was present in 17 of 28 (61%) patients during the acute phase of clinical hepatitis and was not detected after recovery from acute disease or in 18 asymptomatic chronic HBsAg carriers with antibody to hepatitis D virus. The presence of hepatitis D virus RNA correlated with other known markers of active hepatitis D virus replication; all chronic active liver disease patients with serum hepatitis D virus RNA were positive for antihepatitis D antigen IgM, and 34 of 37 (92%) had hepatitis D antigen in their liver biopsy specimens. The assay for hepatitis D virus RNA provides a direct and noninvasive method for the detection of hepatitis D virus in serum and will be useful in the study of the natural history of type D hepatitis, the identification of chronic hepatitis D virus carriers likely to transmit hepatitis D virus and the selection and monitoring of patients for potential antiviral therapy.