tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel antitumor mechanism-of-action of an IL-2 fusion protein mediated by tumor associated macrophage repolarization and innate-like CD8+ memory T cells
Authors: Wenxin Xu, Jack O Egan, Bai Liu, Xiaoyue Chen, Lijing You, Kaiping Han, Warren D Marcus, Lin Kong, Monica Jones, Emily K Jeng, Peter R Rhode, Hing C Wong
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts ALT-801, a fusion of interleukin-2 and a single-chain T cell receptor domain specific to a p53 peptide/HLA-A*0201 complex, has shown immune cell-mediated activity in human xenograft tumor SCID mouse models and in patients with metastatic malignancies. To further investigate the
The public health value of doctors encouraging patients to exercise
Authors: S. Zwolinsky, J. McKenna, A. Pringle
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The potential benefits of activity outlined by Naci and Ioannidis raise several important questions.1 Will activity and exercise prescriptions replace their pharmacological equivalent? What actually works, in what circumstances and conditions, and for whom? Furthermore, will this approach translate into practice?

Physical activity for health is nothing new, even …
Race and Sex Disparities in Liver Transplantation
Authors: David A. Axelrod, Elizabeth A. Pomfret
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Kidney–targeted drug delivery systems
Authors: Peng Zhou, Xun Sun, Zhirong Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Kidney-targeted drug delivery systems represent a promising technology to improve drug efficacy and safety in the treatment of renal diseases. In this review, we summarize the strategies that have been employed to develop kidney-targeted drug delivery systems. We also describe how macromolecular carriers and prodrugs play crucial roles in targeting drugs to particular target cells in the kidney. New technologies render it possible to create renal targeting conjugates and other delivery systems including nanoparticles and liposomes present promising strategies to achieve the goal of targeting drugs to the kidney.
Relation of mitochondrial and cytosolic free calcium to cardiac myocyte recovery after exposure to anoxia.
Authors: H Miyata, E G Lakatta, M D Stern, H S Silverman
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Mitochondrial calcium overload has been suggested as a marker for irreversible injury in the ischemic heart. A new technique is used to measure dynamic changes in mitochondrial free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]m) in electrically stimulated (0.2 Hz) adult rat cardiac myocytes during exposure to anoxia and reoxygenation. Cells were incubated with indo-1 AM, which distributes in both the cytosol and mitochondria. After Mn2+ quenching of the cytosolic signal, cells were exposed to anoxia, and the residual fluorescence was monitored. [Ca2+]m averaged 94 +/- 3 nM (n = 16) at baseline, less than the baseline diastolic cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c, 124 +/- 4 nM, n = 12), which was measured in cells loaded with the pentapotassium salt of indo-1. [Ca2+]m and [Ca2+]c rose steadily only after the onset of ATP-depletion rigor contracture. At reoxygenation 35 minutes later, [Ca2+]c fell rapidly to preanoxic levels and then often showed a transient further rise. In contrast, [Ca2+]m showed only a slight transient fall and a secondary rise at reoxygenation. At reoxygenation, cells immediately either recovered, demonstrating partial relengthening and retaining their rectangular shape and response to stimulation, or they hypercontracted to rounded dysfunctional forms. Recovery occurred only in cells in which [Ca2+]m or [Ca2+]c remained below 250 nM before reoxygenation. Early during reoxygenation, [Ca2+]m remained higher in cells that hypercontracted (305 +/- 36 nM) than in cells that recovered (138 +/- 9 nM, p less than 0.05), whereas [Ca2+]c did not differ between the two groups (156 +/- 10 versus 128 +/- 10 nM, respectively; p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense low density lipoprotein particles.
Authors: G M Reaven, Y D Chen, J Jeppesen, P Maheux, R M Krauss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Subjects characterized by a predominance of small LDL particles (pattern B) have changes in plasma triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol concentrations consistent with the presence of resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake.To pursue this issue, plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose, insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and lipoprotein concentra- tions were measured in subjects categorized on the basis of LDL peak diameter measured by gradient gel electrophoresis.Subjects with pattern B had higher (P < 0.05-0.001 ) total integrated plasma glucose (20.7±1.0 mmol/liter * h) and insu- lin (1,743±293 pmol/ liter -h) responses to oral glucose com- pared with glucose (16.3±0.4 and 19.2±0.8 mmol/liter -h) and insulin (856±60 and 1,222±168 pmol/liter * h) responses in those with either pattern A or an intermediate pattern.Pat- tern B individuals were shown to be more insulin resistant on the basis of higher steady state plasma glucose concentrations (SSPG, 10.4±1.0,P < 0.002, vs. 7.5±0.7 and 6.0±0.4 mmol/ liter) after a constant infusion of somatostatin, glucose, and insulin than those with either the intermediate or pattern A subclass.Pattern B subjects also had higher concentrations of (P < 0.001) TG (1.98±0.15 vs. 133±0.17and 0.77±0.05mmol/liter) and lower (P < 0.01-0.001)HDL cholesterol (1.12±0.06 vs. 134±0.05vs. 1.45±0.05mmol/liter) than those with either the intermediate or pattern A. Finally, significant (P < 0.001 ) correlation coefficients existed between LDL diameter and SSPG (r = -0.44);glucose (r = -0.41)and insulin (r = -0.38)responses; TG (r = -0.65)and HDL-cho- lesterol (r = 0.42) concentrations; and systolic (r = -0.34)and diastolic (r = -0.34)blood pressure.Thus, pattern B subjects are insulin resistant, have higher glucose, insulin, and TG, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, and higher blood pressure than those with pattern A or intermediate.(J.Clin.Invest. 1993.92:141-146.)Key words: LDL particle diameter -glucose and insulin responses * resistance to insulin-mediated glucose up- take-lipid and lipoprotein concentrations * blood pressure pattern B LDL 1.
10-minute consultation: Genital herpes
Authors: P. Oakeshott
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A young woman returns for a vulval swab result for “cold sore virus.” She was seen a week ago complaining of being sore “down below” and pain on passing urine for one week. A urine dipstick test was negative, but on examination she had two 1 mm red spots on her labia minora and a 0.5 cm linear fissure (“scratch”). There were no vesicles, ulcers, or inguinal glands. After she had been told that this could be due to cold sore virus infection, the lesions were swabbed and sent for culture in viral transport medium. The laboratory report confirmed herpes simplex virus type 1.
The Worldwide Prevention of Meningococcal Infection
Authors: Lee H. Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Few organisms evoke more fear among the public than<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>, particularly when it occurs in outbreaks and epidemics. The meningococcus is among a limited number of endemic pathogens in industrialized nations that can kill a healthy young adult within several hours. Large epidemics of<i>N meningitidis</i>infection occurred in the United States until 1944 and still occur in the nonindustrialized world. Attack rates can approach 1% and millions of cases can occur during a meningococcal epidemic.<sup>1</sup> The meningococcus is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and bacteremia in the United States. An estimated 2600 cases occur each year, almost half among children 2 years old and younger.<sup>2</sup>The annual incidence of meningococcal infection is approximately one case per 100 000 population. Survivors of meningococcal infection often suffer severe sequelae.<sup>3</sup>The meningococcus has taken on an increased relative importance in the United States since the decline of
Integrated Bi‐Layered Scaffold for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering
Authors: Anna Galperin, Rachael A. Floreani, Stephen J. Florczyk, James D. Bryers, Miqin Zhang, Buddy D. Ratner
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Osteochondral tissue engineering poses the challenge of combining both cartilage and bone tissue engineering fundamentals. In this study, a sphere‐templating technique was applied to fabricate an integrated bi‐layered scaffold based on degradable poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel. One layer of the integrated scaffold was designed with a single defined, monodispersed pore size of 38 μm and pore surfaces coated with hydroxyapatite particles to promote regrowth of subchondral bone while the second layer had 200 μm pores with surfaces decorated with hyaluronan for articular cartilage regeneration. Mechanical properties of the construct as well as cyto‐compatibility of the scaffold and its degradation products were elucidated. To examine the potential of the biphasic scaffold for regeneration of osteochondral tissue the designated cartilage and bone layers of the integrated bi‐layered scaffold were seeded with chondrocytes differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells and primary human mesenchymal stem cells, respectively. Both types of cells were co‐cultured within the scaffold in standard medium without soluble growth/differentiation factors over four weeks. The ability of the integrated bi‐layered scaffold to support simultaneous matrix deposition and adequate cell growth of two distinct cell lineages in each layer during four weeks of co‐culture in vitro in the absence of soluble growth factors was demonstrated.
APPARENTLY COMPLETE RECOVERY FROM ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA OF THE BULBAR TYPE
Authors: F. W. Kemp
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THE BRICLIEFour days after a washing out she was able to feed herself slowly and with difficulty, and three weeks later she walked out of hospital.Her expression was less wooden, though all muscles were still spastic.Case 2.-A woman, aged 19, with a history of acute febrile illness eighteen months earlier, with extreme insomnia, sialorrhoea, and marked alteration in character.She had a well marked Parkinsonian mask.All movements were slow and stiffly performed.She improved in all respects after the sinuses were washed out.She regained normal sleep, salivation decreased, and her expression was less wooden.Case 3.-A womani, aged 23, who two years and nine months earlier had an acute illness; she was unconscious for twelve weeks.When first seen she had much salivation, was very lethargic, had a mask-like appearance, and was said to have violent fits of temper.She was discharged fronm hospital after a washing out; a month later she was much improved in appearance, both men- tally and physically.Her bad temper became less obvious, the salivation was cured, and her whole outlook on life seemed altered.Case 4.-A woman aged 23.A very advanced case dating back two years.It would be difficult to imagine greater rigidity of all muscles.She was unable to stand or to feed herself and could hardly speak.She had seen twenty-eight medical men before she came to us.A washing out caused a rapid and definite change in her condition.Four months after discharge from hospital she could walk two miles a day-doing the distance in less than an hour-could feed herself, and read aloud for an hour at a time.Case 5.-A male, aged 24, in March, 1923, had an acute febrile illness lasting three weeks, with severe insomnia, diplopia, and delirium; no diagnosis was made at that time.Seen in August, 1925, he had a definite Parkinsonian mask, and some rigidity of the right arm.His brother stated that he had altered in character very considerably.After the first washing out he expressed himself as feeling much better.Concentration, which had been much impaired, began to lreturni, the face became less mask-like, and the arm less rigid.In October, 1925, he stated that he was free from symptoms and that mental power had been completely regained; he returned to research work of a very intricate nature.Case 6.-A woman, aged 32, gave a history of eighteen months' illness, starting with fever, diplopia,.and drowsiness.She had the Parkinsonian mask, left ptosis, marked tremor of the right hand and arm, which were useless for all practical purposes.After a washing out she was discharged; a month later she was much improved, the tremor had almost ceased, the grip was good, and her expression was brighter.
Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Study Including EGFR Mutation Analysis
Authors: Kyoichi Kaira, Yoshiki Horie, Eriko Ayabe, Haruyasu Murakami, Toshiaki Takahashi, Asuka Tsuya, Yukiko Nakamura, Tateaki Naito, Masahiro Endo, Haruhiko Kondo, Takashi Nakajima, Nobuyuki Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Effect of Estrogen on Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1
Authors: Patricia J.M. Best
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 July 1998Effect of Estrogen on Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1Patricia J.M. Best, MD and Amir Lerman, MDPatricia J.M. Best, MDMayo Clinic and Foundation; Rochester, MN 55905Search for more papers by this author and Amir Lerman, MDMayo Clinic and Foundation; Rochester, MN 55905Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As Dr. Brody notes, increasing evidence supports endothelin-1 as an atherosclerotic peptide. Not only are both circulating and tissue levels of endothelin-1 increased in patients with atherosclerosis, but the effects of endothelin-1 are enhanced in pathophysiologic states [1]. In addition, we have shown that endothelin-1 is present in human atherectomy specimens and after mechanical pressure or after stretch endothelin-1 is released. Endothelin-1 has vasoconstricting and proliferative properties that antagonize the effects of nitric oxide. Furthermore, the regulation of endothelin-1 and the regulation of nitric oxide are linked. Because the interrelation between these two vasoactive substances is functionally significant, ...References1. Lerman A, Edwards BS, Hallett JW, Heublein DM, Sandberg SM, Burnett JC Jr. Circulating and tissue endothelin immunoreactivity in advanced atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325:997-1001. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Patricia J.M. Best, MD; Amir Lerman, MDAffiliations: Mayo Clinic and Foundation; Rochester, MN 55905 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1998Volume 129, Issue 2 Page: 160 Keywords Atherosclerosis Estrogens Nitric oxide ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
CERTAIN NON-GASTRIC DISEASES WITH GASTRIC SYMPTOMS.
Authors: J. H. MUSSER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The subject is so vast that a certain amount of abruptness is necessary in the presentation. Some of the minor non-gastric diseases with gastric symptoms may be omitted. The question is a study in etiology. In one sense it may be said the account is to include gastric disorders which are secondary to other diseases. It is not to gastric disorders, but to diseases, remote from the stomach, which have gastric symptoms, that we call attention. Strictly speaking, the gastric symptoms are not due to any organic disease of the stomach; but such division is largely arbitrary. No pronounced gastric symptoms are liable to prevail without either irritation, congestion or inflammation, whether the symptoms are temporary or permanent. It is understood, then, that the ailments considered are those which have for their chief, and for the time dominant, expression, gastric symptoms; it is the class to which, in loose terms,
Extracellular calcium elicits a chemokinetic response from monocytes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ivona T. Olszak, Mark C. Poznansky, Richard H. Evans, Douglas Olson, Claudine Kos, Martin R. Pollak, Edward M. Brown, David T. Scadden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Recruitment of macrophages to sites of cell death is critical for induction of an immunologic response. Calcium concentrations in extracellular fluids vary markedly, and are particularly high at sites of injury or infection. We hypothesized that extracellular calcium participates in modulating the immune response, perhaps acting via the seven-transmembrane calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) on mature monocytes/macrophages. We observed a dose-dependent increase in monocyte chemotaxis in response to extracellular calcium or the selective allosteric CaR activator NPS R-467. In contrast, monocytes derived from mice deficient in CaR lacked the normal chemotactic response to a calcium gradient. Notably, CaR activation of monocytes bearing the receptor synergistically augmented the transmigration response of monocytes to the chemokine MCP-1 in association with increased cell-surface expression of its cognate receptor, CCR2. Conversely, stimulation of monocytes with MCP-1 or SDF-1α reciprocally increased CaR expression, suggesting a dual-enhancing interaction of Ca2+ with chemokines in recruiting inflammatory cells. Subcutaneous administration in mice of Ca2+, MCP-1, or (more potently) the combination of Ca2+ and MCP-1, elicited an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of monocytes/macrophages. Thus extracellular calcium functions as an ionic chemokinetic agent capable of modulating the innate immune response in vivo and in vitro by direct and indirect actions on monocytic cells. Calcium deposition may be both consequence and cause of chronic inflammatory changes at sites of injury, infection, and atherosclerosis.
TRANSILLUMINATION OF THE CERVIX OF THE UTERUS
Authors: Leonard R. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1926)

This procedure is offered primarily as a means of diagnosing the condition of the glands of the cervix. The cervix may be transilluminated by a light applied to the vaginal surface, or by a small light introduced within the cervical canal. A hooded light must be used when applied to the outer surface of the cervix, so that all the rays are directed into the cervical tissue. A Carroll antrum transilluminator, which has the light at right angles to a straight handle, serves well for this purpose. The position of the light and its intensity must be varied until just the proper illumination is secured. A light from a urethroscope may be used for the inside of the cervix. The first cervix I examined this way had a definite cyst visible to ordinary examination. Transillumination revealed the cyst as an area more translucent than the rest of the cervix, and
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands, May 2014
Authors: M Kraaij – Dirkzwager, A Timen, K Dirksen, L Gelinck, E Leyten, P Groeneveld, C Jansen, M Jonges, S Raj, I Thurkow, R van Gageldonk-Lafeber, A van der Eijk, M Koopmans
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Two patients, returning to the Netherlands from pilgrimage in Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were diagnosed with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in May 2014. The source and mode of transmission have not yet been determined. Hospital-acquired infection and community-acquired infection are both possible.
Improving Reperfusion in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: George W. Vetrovec
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A little over 50 years ago, my father had a heart attack. He was driven to the hospital by friends after having “indigestion” for 2 days. He spent 2 weeks as an inpatient on an unmonitored rehabilitation ward and was treated principally with warfarin and digitalis. He was lucky and survived, but in that era, more than 20% of patients with an acute myocardial infarction died. Fast-forward to today, when public education about early recognition of symptoms, emergency transport, monitored coronary care units, and early reperfusion by means of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have markedly reduced mortality from acute . . .
Precautions Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection for Workers in Blood Donor Centers
Authors: German F. Lepare
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ever since the transmissibility of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) through contact with body fluids raised concerns for the safety of health care workers, several recommendations for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmission in health care settings have been issued by different groups and government agencies.<sup>1-3</sup>In all of those statements, the setting contemplated is that of a patient with a diagnosis of AIDS being cared for at a hospital or that of a person in the high-risk behavioral group being admitted to a hospital for care. Unfortunately, those proper and carefully thought out recommendations for handling AIDS patients or their body fluids are being extrapolated to a totally different environment, the blood donor room. As a result, some volunteer blood collection agencies now require that phlebotomists wear gloves while collecting blood from volunteer donors. Currently, there is debate over whether recommendations or regulations requiring that
Cost-Effectiveness of a Microvolt T-Wave Alternans Screening Strategy for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Placement in the MADIT-II–Eligible Population
Authors: Paul S. Chan, Kenneth Stein, Theodore Chow, Mark Fendrick, J. Thomas Bigger, Sandeep Vijan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)