tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sympathetic modulation of biochemical and physiological response to immune degranulation in canine bronchial airways in vivo.
Authors: E R Garrity, N P Stimler, N M Munoz, J Tallet, A C David, A R Leff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The effect of sympathetic stimulation on bronchial smooth muscle contractile response after mast cell degranulation with Ascaris suum antigen was studied in 36 natively allergic dogs in situ. Bronchial smooth muscle response was measured isometrically in a single right middle lobe bronchus. A dose of antigen causing maximal release of mediator was administered to the bronchus through the bronchial arterial circulation. Serial plasma histamine concentrations were determined at 15-s intervals after intra-arterial (i.a.) administration of antigen. Samples of blood were obtained simultaneously from right heart and femoral artery, and arteriovenous difference (AVd) in histamine concentration across the bronchus was determined during mast cell degranulation. In nine dogs showing bronchial mast cell degranulation to antigen challenge, bronchial smooth muscle contraction was 22.3 +/- 2.95 g and the mean AVd in histamine concentration across the bronchus was 188 +/- 41.5 ng/ml. Six other dogs having muscarinic blockade with 0.75-1.0 mg/kg intravenous atropine were given i.a. antigen after 1 min of steady-state sympathetic stimulation with intravenous 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP). Sympathetic stimulation during Ascaris suum antigen challenge caused complete inhibition of bronchial smooth muscle contractile response to i.a. antigen (P less than 0.001), and a significant AVd in histamine concentration across the bronchus (9.8 +/- 16.0 ng/ml; P less than 0.01 vs. control) was not detected. Peak plasma histamine concentration in control dogs was 1,138 +/- 237 ng/ml vs. 310 +/- 135 ng/ml in animals receiving sympathetic stimulation (P less than 0.01). In four dogs undergoing systemic anaphylaxis to i.v. antigen, subsequent sympathetic stimulation with i.v. DMPP reduced bronchomotor tone to approximately 70% of base-line control. Exogenously induced sympathetic stimulation can substantially inhibit systemic mast cell degranulation to Ascaris suum antigen in allergic dogs. Maximal stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes substantial inhibition of respiratory mast cell secretion of histamine and bronchial smooth muscle contraction to circulating mediator.
Laurence Justin Charles
Authors: P K Charles
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former malariologist World Health Organization and chief medical officer the Bahamas (b Dominica 1913; q Edinburgh 1938; MPH), d 14 November 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After qualifying and postgraduate study at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Laurence Justin Charles returned to the Caribbean as medical officer in the Leeward Islands. Following further training in public health he worked as a malariologist in the Windward and Leeward Islands, British Guyana, Nigeria, and Ghana. He then joined the World Health Organization, becoming regional malaria adviser for Africa. He later became chief medical officer in the Bahamas and developed a programme for the control and education of leprosy in the least developed countries. Predeceased by his wife, Christine “Dickie,” he leaves three children and five grandchildren.
Corynebacterium hemolyticum and Pharyngitis
Authors: Barbara E. Robinson, Dennis L. Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1987Corynebacterium hemolyticum and PharyngitisBARBARA E. ROBINSON, Ph.D., DENNIS L. MURRAY, M.D.BARBARA E. ROBINSON, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, DENNIS L. MURRAY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-5-778_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Miller and colleagues (1) recently reviewed studies that have reportedCorynebacterium hemolyticumto be a cause of pharyngitis and rash in young adults. We believe that the studies conducted to date, including those reviewed by Miller and colleagues (1), have not shown conclusively thatC. hemolyticumcan cause this disease. No studies investigating the pathogenic role ofC. hemolyticumhave also investigated the role of viruses or mycoplasma in pharyngitis. In addition, if,as stated by Miller and colleagues (1), "the disease that most closely resemblesC. hemolyticumpharyngitis is streptococcal pharyngitis," then should not criteria for true...References1. MILLERBRANCATOHOLMES RFK. Corynebacterium hemolyticum as a cause of pharyngitis and scarlatiniform rash in young adults. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:867-72. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KAPLAN E. The group A streptococcal upper respiratory carrier state: an enigma. J Pediatr. 1980;97:337-45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LIPSKYGOLDBERGERTOMPKINSPLORDE BALJ. Infections caused by nondiphtheria corynebacteria. Rev Infect Dis. 1982;4:1220-35. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WICKREMESINGHE R. Corynebacterium hemolyticum infections in Sri Lanka. J Hyg (Camb). 1981;87:271-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BANCKNYMAN GM. Tonsillitis and rash associated with Corynebacterium haemolyticum. J Infect Dis. 1986;154:1037-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByARCANOBACTERIUM HAEMOLYTICUMArcanobacterium haemolyticum phospholipase D is genetically and functionally similar to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis phospholipase DThe recognition and significance of Arcanobacterium haemolyticumReply 1 May 1987Volume 106, Issue 5Page: 778-779KeywordsMycoplasmaPathogensPharyngitisRashesStreptococcal pharyngitisYoung adults Issue Published: 1 May 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Response to Differential Diet Composition in a Weight Loss Program in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheryl L. Rock, Shirley W. Flatt, Bilge Pakiz, Kenneth S. Taylor, Angela F. Leone, Kerrin Brelje, Dennis D. Heath, Elizabeth L. Quintana, Nancy E. Sherwood
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE To test whether a weight loss program promotes greater weight loss, glycemic control, and improved cardiovascular disease risk factors compared with control conditions and whether there is a differential response to higher versus lower carbohydrate intake. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized controlled trial at two university medical centers enrolled 227 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes and assigned them to parallel in-person diet and exercise counseling, with prepackaged foods in a planned menu during the initial phase, or to usual care (UC; two weight loss counseling sessions and monthly contacts). RESULTS Relative weight loss was 7.4% (95% CI 5.7–9.2%), 9.0% (7.1–10.9%), and 2.5% (1.3–3.8%) for the lower fat, lower carbohydrate, and UC groups (P &amp;lt; 0.001 intervention effect). Glycemic control markers and triglyceride levels were lower in the intervention groups compared with UC group at 1 year (fasting glucose 141 [95% CI 133–149] vs. 159 [144–174] mg/dL, P = 0.023; hemoglobin A1c 6.9% [6.6–7.1%] vs. 7.5% [7.1–7.9%] or 52 [49–54] vs. 58 [54–63] mmol/mol, P = 0.001; triglycerides 148 [134–163] vs. 204 [173–234] mg/dL, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The lower versus higher carbohydrate groups maintained lower hemoglobin A1c (6.6% [95% CI 6.3–6.8%] vs. 7.2% [6.8–7.5%] or 49 [45–51] vs. 55 [51–58] mmol/mol) at 1 year (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The weight loss program resulted in greater weight loss and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Disproportionate inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the unilaterally diseased kidney of dog and man after an acute saline load
Authors: Frank D. Gutmann, Richard E. Rieselbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Clearance studies were performed on 49 split-bladder dogs with a unilateral pyelonephritic or remnant kidney and three patients with unilateral kidney disease to examine the effects of an acute saline load on the diseased kidney (DK) as opposed to a simultaneously studied, contralateral control kidney (CK), which also served to maintain a nonuremic environment. Before saline loading, base line studies in many of the dogs and the three humans were in agreement with previously published data. However, in dogs with a severe pyelonephritic lesion, a greater difference in DK vs. CK fractional excretion of sodium (FE(Na)) and water was noted, whose magnitude was inversely correlated with the level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and maximum urine osmolality of DK compared to CK. An acute saline load (75 ml/kg) resulted in an inhibition of fractional sodium and water reabsorption in the diseased dog kidney which was disproportionately greater than in the simultaneously studied CK, regardless of the type or severity of the lesion. While mean DK GFR for all dogs increased 15% more than CK GFR, failure of FE(Na) to increase after induction of a disproportionate increase in DK GFR with parathyroid hormone suggested that the saline-induced disproportionate increase in GFR was not solely responsible for the exaggerated inhibition of fractional sodium and water reabsorption in the diseased dog kidney. Studies in the three patients after saline loading (25 ml/kg) revealed a similar disproportionate resetting of glomerulotubular balance.Thus, regardless of base line function before expansion, the unilaterally diseased kidney of dog and man possesses unique characteristics in the absence of uremia which render it more reactive to the stimuli produced by acute saline loading. This suggests that the intrarenal environment of the kidney with a reduced nephron population may under some circumstances serve as a determinant of its function.
Differentiating Cervical Lipomas From Thyroid Nodules-Reply
Authors: Jean-Robert Leonidas
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the remarks of Andrews and colleagues regarding the use of FNA in diagnosing thyroid masses. The major thrust of our article is that cervical lipomas can be mistaken for nonfunctioning thyroid nodules, thereby leading to unnecessary surgery or medical therapy. Our purpose is to familiarize our colleagues with this possibility. We actually conclude that "a high degree of suspicion and the use of CT can establish the correct diagnosis." We certainly do not advocate the routine initial use of CT in evaluating thyroid nodules. However, where there is a high index of suspicion for a lipomatous tumor, a CT scan can be diagnostic. In regard to the comments of Andrews and colleagues on the usefulness of FNA in the evaluation of "cold" thyroid nodules, we certainly agree. We are quite familiar with the advantages and limitations of FNA.<sup>1,2</sup>In fact, we are pleased to learn
Surgery, AIDS, and Hepatitis B
Authors: Jerome A. Boscia
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —While the article by Panlilio et al<sup>1</sup>and editorial by Drs Gerberding and Schecter<sup>2</sup>represent positive contributions to the issue of health care professional safety, especially in recognizing the need to increase the scope of barrier precautions, both neglected to mention an important weapon in the battle to reduce the risk of hepatitis B infection. That weapon is immunization. The need for greater barrier precautions is indisputable; however, the best defense against hepatitis B infection is still vaccination. The Centers for Disease Control has long recommended immunization of health care workers, and reported hepatitis B cases among this group decreased 75% between 1982 and 1988, due in large part to immunization efforts, as well as greater implementation of universal blood precautions.<sup>3</sup>Despite the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control, however, about 60% of high-risk health care workers in the United States remain unvaccinated.<sup>4</sup>
Predictors of Attrition During Initial (Citalopram) Treatment for Depression: A STAR*D Report
Authors: Diane Warden, Madhukar H. Trivedi, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Lori Davis, Andrew A. Nierenberg, Bradley N. Gaynes, Sidney Zisook, Steven D. Hollon, G.K. Balasubramani, Robert Howland, Maurizio Fava, Jonathan W. Stewart, A. John Rush
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Premature attrition from treatment may lead to worse outcomes and compromise the integrity of clinical trials in major depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify the pretreatment predictors of attrition during acute treatment with citalopram in a large, "real world" clinical trial. Method: A total of 4,041 adult outpatients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder were enrolled in treatment with citalopram for up to 14 weeks. Attrition was defined as "immediate" (patients who attended a baseline visit only) or "later" (patients who attended at least one postbaseline visit but who dropped out before the 12-week visit). Results: Overall, 26% of enrolled patients dropped out of the acute phase treatment for nonmedical reasons. Of these, 34% dropped out immediately, 59% dropped out by week 12, and 7% dropped out after 12 weeks. Immediate attrition was associated with younger age, less education, and higher perceived mental health functioning. Attrition later in treatment was associated with younger age, less education, and African American race. Experience with more than one episode of depression was associated with less attrition. Conclusions: In clinical trials and clinical practice, several time points in treatment may provide opportunities to engage and encourage populations at higher risk for attrition and populations with high-risk presentation of illness. Additionally, more aggressive forms of treatment implemented earlier in the treatment process in order to increase the likelihood of more rapid efficacy may reduce dropout rates.
Fluid deprivation due to Althesin solution affecting drop size.
Authors: W J Wraight, D J Cox
Journal: BMJ (1980)

was B-that is, ABO incompatible-cDe/cde.The baby's bilirubin concen- tration rose to 178 ,umol/l (10 4 mg/lO0 ml); she was jaundiced and had a positive Coombs test result but was not badly affected.Antibody studies in the 9th and 29th weeks of the second pregnancy showed no antibodies on either occasion, anti-D being first detected at delivery.In March 1977 another girl was born (the index case), but she died in the first week after undergoing two intrauterine transfusions and one exchange transfusion.Her haemoglobin concentration was 4 5 g/dl and necropsy confirmed erythroblastosis. * Dextrose DAlthesinAmount of fluid administered from various solutions of Althesin and dextrose at 60 drops/min compared with predicted.
University of California fights Nature over price increase
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The California Digital Library of the University of California is threatening to cancel all its subscriptions to publications from the Nature Publishing Group and to encourage the university’s academic staff to submit their papers elsewhere for publication after a proposed 400% rise in licence fees for electronic access to journal articles.

A series of testy letters and news releases from the library and the publishing group has prompted vigorous online discussions among scientists over those fees, how to pay for publishing, and public access to academic papers.

The Nature Publishing Group has long classified the digital library, which serves the 10 University of California institutions, as a “single institution,” even though it is on several sites throughout the state, but now says that it should be classified as a consortium and pay a different rate.

The financial implications are huge. Under the current classification the library is paying a …
Mortality prediction models for pediatric intensive care: comparison of overall and subgroup specific performance
Authors: Idse H. E. Visser, Jan A. Hazelzet, Marcel J. I. J. Albers, Carin W. M. Verlaat, Karin Hogenbirk, Job B. van Woensel, Marc van Heerde, Dick A. van Waardenburg, Nicolaas J. G. Jansen, Ewout W. Steyerberg
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and viral load in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: K Hiroishi, H Kita, M Kojima, H Okamoto, T Moriyama, T Kaneko, T Ishikawa, S Ohnishi, T Aikawa, N Tanaka, Y Yazaki, K Mitamura, M Imawari
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleoprotein residues 88–96 that are the minimal and optimal epitope for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B44–restricted CTLs was assessed in 27 HLA B44–positive patients with chronic HCV infection. Serum HCV RNA concentration and the amino acid sequence of the residues 81–100 were also determined. Three patients were infected with HCV with uncommon amino acid substitutions within the epitope. One was infected with HCV with an amino acid substitution in the flanking residues of the epitope. To stimulate CTLs in the peripheral blood, 9–mer peptides that corresponded to the residues 88–96 of the individual patients were synthesized and used. Seven of the 27 patients demonstrated a CTL response to the residues 88–96 with specific cytotoxic activities higher than 20%. The CTL activities were significantly higher in patients with a low titer of serum HCV RNA than in those with a high titer of serum HCV RNA (P = .0006). Some of the patients that demonstrated a CTL response to the residues 88–96 also demonstrated a CTL response to a newly identified HLA B44–restricted CTL epitope or a known HLA A11–restricted CTL epitope or both. No apparent association was observed between the CTL response and the stage of disease, or between the CTL response and the grade of necroinflammatory activity. The results suggest that the HLA B44–restricted CTLs together with other HCV–specific CTLs may inhibit the outgrowth of HCV and that high– titer infection with HCV may suppress the CTL responses.
Hyperthyroidism Without Goiter
Authors: KENT R. KREIDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1977Hyperthyroidism Without GoiterKENT R. KREIDER, M.D.KENT R. KREIDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-1-120_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent issue Dorfman and colleagues (Ann Intern Med 86:24-28, 1977) describe the cases of eight women with painless thyroiditis, transient thyrotoxicosis, and low radioactive iodine uptakes but without goiters. I have been treating a woman who has had the same clinical course but whose hyperthyroidism resolved and then recurred.A 66-year-old woman was found on 22 September 1975 to have a T4 level of 9.9 µg/dl (normal 2.8 to 7.0) and T3uptake of 38.2% (normal, 25 to 35). On 29 November 1975 she developed atrial fibrillation; her T4level was 20.4 µg/dl (normal, 3.4... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Colorado Permanente Medical Group, P.C. Denver, CO 80205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited By“Silent” Thyroiditis with Symptomatic Hyperthyroidism in an Elderly Patient 1 July 1977Volume 87, Issue 1Page: 120-120KeywordsAtrial fibrillationHyperthyroidismThyroidTriiodothyronine Issue Published: 1 July 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Decreasing prevalence of cigarette smoking in the middle income country of Mauritius: questionnaire survey
Authors: H. S Cox
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To describe changes in the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the middle income country of Mauritius from 1987 to 1998, and to relate these changes to legislative and health promotion efforts over the same period. <b>Design:</b> Questionnaire survey. <b>Setting:</b> Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean with a population of about 1.2 million (about 70% south Asian, 2% Chinese, and 28% Creole). <b>Participants:</b> Data were obtained from 5072 participants in 1987, 6573 in 1992, and 6281 in 1998. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Prevalence of current smoking in 1987, 1992, and 1998, sales of cigarettes in Mauritius, and information on activities for control of tobacco. <b>Results:</b> Self reported cigarette smoking has been decreasing in Mauritius since 1987, with the largest decrease between 1987 and 1992. From 1987 to 1998 smoking prevalence decreased by 23% in men and 61% in women. Smoking decreased across all age and ethnic groups and across different levels of income and education. Sales of cigarettes also decreased in line with smoking prevalence. <b>Conclusions:</b> The introduction of cigarette taxes, a limited health promotion programme, and the absence of massive promotional campaigns by the sole tobacco company on Mauritius have led to a striking and continued decrease in smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption on the island.
New family of exon-shuffled recombinant genes reveals extensive interdomain interactions in class I histocompatibility antigens and identifies residues involved.
Authors: M J Darsley, H Takahashi, M J Macchi, J A Frelinger, K Ozato, E Appella
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The specificities of an extensive panel of anti-H-2Dd monoclonal antibodies, which had been previously characterized using exon-shuffled H-2Dd/H-2Ld molecules and a number of anti-H-2DP antibodies, were examined using H-2Dd/H-2DP recombinants. The use of this new family of recombinant antigens revealed extensive interaction between the membrane-distal (N and Cl) domains of class I molecules. 20 out of 48 mAbs recognize complex epitopes formed by the interaction of these two domains. These antibodies exhibit a number of distinct patterns of crossreactivity with other class I proteins, revealing the presence of multiple epitopes within the region of domain interaction. Comparison of the data presented here with those from previous work allowed the identification of a small number of residues in the Cl domain that participate in the generation of complex epitopes involving both the N and Cl domains. The results are discussed in terms of the structural information available for these two domains.
Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease
Authors: Ashton B. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1995)

It is 20 years since the first edition of this textbook of pathology appeared. Its acceptance by all levels of students in medicine, which was apparent from the beginning, has steadily increased with each new edition. Entry level students in pathology have used<i>Robbins</i>as an introductory text; those in their clinical training who needed a review of a particular area of pathology turned to it; more advanced students who sought an authoritative opinion or who wanted to check a particular point in question consulted it before reaching for other more specialized texts. This fifth edition continues the tradition of the earlier ones with its well-written, comprehensive, and very up-to-date coverage of pathology. This close attention to the most contemporary advances is particularly evident in its treatment of the molecular basis of disease processes. While the book serves the needs of all levels of graduates in pathology, the earlier chapters,
Article showed how not to read economic evaluations
Authors: J. Henderson, S. Petrou, T. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Although parts of Greenhalgh's paper on economic analyses were helpful to our non-economist colleagues, many parts showed a poor understanding of the subject and the paper is likely to be of little help in assessing the value of studies.1 Much of the paper was devoted to cost-utility analysis (where this was occasionally confused with cost-benefit analysis and Greenhalgh showed an ignorance of the methods …