tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interferon for Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Alison A. Evans
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 January 1996Interferon for Chronic Hepatitis BAlison A. Evans, ScD, ScD and W. Thomas London, MDAlison A. Evans, ScD, ScDFox Chase Cancer Center; Philadelphia, PA 19111Search for more papers by this author and W. Thomas London, MDFox Chase Cancer Center; Philadelphia, PA 19111Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their cost-effectiveness analysis of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection, Wong and colleagues [1] used probabilities of seroconversion to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative status that were substantially higher than those of other studies [2, 3]. It is troubling that this rate was derived from a briefly described, previously unpublished metaanalysis. Rates used in pooling were omitted, and trials with doses of less than 480 MU and a crossover trial, both study exclusion criteria, were apparently included.Using the same meta-analytic method [4], we could not reproduce the reported rate difference (36.5%), nor could ...References1. Wong JB, Koff RS, Tine F, Pauker SG. Cost-effectiveness of interferon-α 2b treatment for hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:664-75. Google Scholar2. Tine F, Liberati A, Craxi A, Almasio P, Pagliaro L. Interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis of the published literature. J Hepatol. 1993; 18:154-62. Google Scholar3. Wong DK, Cheung AM, O'Rourke K, Naylor CD, Detsky AS, Heathcote J. Effect of α-interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:312-23. Google Scholar4. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986; 7:177-88. Google Scholar5. Perez V, Findor J, Tanno H, Sorda J. A controlled trial of high dose interferon, alone and after prednisone withdrawal, in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: long term follow up. Gut. 1993; 34:S91-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Fox Chase Cancer Center; Philadelphia, PA 19111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHepatitis B: Prognosis and TreatmentInterferon-α for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B 15 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 2Page: 276KeywordsAntigensChronic hepatitis BHepatitis BInfectious hepatitisInterferonsMetaanalysisPeer review Issue Published: 15 January 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Academic medicine: who is it for?
Authors: Arvindan Veiraiah
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Reichenbach and Brown discuss the important issue of discrimination by sex.1 The same applies to overseas trainees (mostly non-white) wanting to enter a career in academic medicine in the United Kingdom.

Medical think-tanks in the United Kingdom often complain about the lack of good clinicians who are interested in academic medicine and research. Research and academic training also count towards the selection of specialist registrars, but the Home Office does not recognise this as medical training. Doctors without residence permits do not have a fair chance to obtain research posts. Instead, non-residents in research posts need a work permit, which can be given only on the condition that there is no candidate with eligibility through residence, even if the non-resident is more suited for the post.

Non-residents have to make do with inferior posts, as so called research registrars, research fellows, etc, which exist only to exploit them for clinical service without paying the cost of training, accommodation, relocation, etc. Worse still, despite having no support for real research or publication, the non-residents find themselves even less employable at the end of a job, precisely because they couldn't achieve the higher degree, publications, etc, that others in five star research positions managed.

Reichenbach and Brown make an excellent argument that research and academics should be global. But before people rush to set up more international collaborations, may I request that people set their own houses in order? It would be great if overseas doctors were allowed to stay indefinitely with just the condition that they should demonstrate that they have a new job every time the old one runs out. But as a first step, can the royal colleges and universities persuade the Home Office to recognise that research posts offer essential training in an area in great demand, and should therefore be suitable for permit free training?
Efficacy of pegylated (40 KDA) IFN ALFA-2a (PEGASYS) plus ribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C genotype 4 chronic active patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ossama Shobokshi, Frank Serebour, Leila Skakni, Ateef Tantawi, Thotapara Dinish, Mohamed Al Quaiz, Abdulkareem Sandokji, Bashar Al-Kayyal, Sami Al Momen, Hisham Akbar, Ayobanji Ayoola, Humaidah Amer, Eissa Hussein, Faizal Khawaja, Nayel Al-Jasser
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
AMPK and TNF- at the crossroad of cell survival and death in ischaemic heart
Authors: Wei Peng, Yan Zhang, Weizhong Zhu, Chun-Mei Cao, Rui-Ping Xiao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Coronary atherosclerosis leads to ischaemic heart disease, the single greatest cause of death in developed countries. In the ischaemic heart, blockage of coronary circulation causes myocardial infarction (MI) which produces two types of damage: initial ischaemic injury and reperfusion injury following restoration of blood flow. Ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury leads to cardiac contractile dysfunction, loss of cardiomyocytes, maladaptive remodelling, and eventually congestive heart failure. Since mammalian cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated cells with limited regenerative capacity, preservation of cardiomyocytes is an area that has attracted a lot of interest from both scientists and physicians. In this regard, studies by Kewalraman et al. 1 have defined AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a powerful cardiac protector against tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-triggered cardiomyocyte apoptosis through phosphorylating Bad and subsequently suppressing mitochondrial apoptotic signalling. This discovery sheds new light on our understanding of the cardiac beneficial effects of clinically used hypoglycaemic drugs such as dexamethasone and metformin (MET), which activate AMPK and are widely used to treat type II diabetes. Equally important, this study may have important clinical relevance, since excessive TNF-α production has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a multitude of metabolic as well as cardiovascular disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and ischaemic heart disease. Thus, we envision that this work would stimulate a flurry of basic and translational studies in the field of cardiovascular biology and medicine and in the area of … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +1 410 558 8662; fax: +1 410 558 8150. E-mail address: xiaor{at}grc.nia.nih.gov
Global Mapping of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 Reveals Specificity and Plasticity in Lineage Fate Determination of Differentiating CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Gang Wei, Lai Wei, Jinfang Zhu, Chongzhi Zang, Jane Hu-Li, Zhengju Yao, Kairong Cui, Yuka Kanno, Tae-Young Roh, Wendy T. Watford, Dustin E. Schones, Weiqun Peng, Hong-wei Sun, William E. Paul, John J. O'Shea, Keji Zhao
Journal: Immunity (2009)
The Lilly Lecture: Changing Concepts of the Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Albert E. Renold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965The Lilly Lecture: Changing Concepts of the Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Diabetes Mellitus.Albert E. RenoldAlbert E. RenoldSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1077_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is becoming increasingly apparent that simple, primary, absolute insulin deficiency is not likely to be the only, perhaps not even the main pathogenetic mechanism of diabetes mellitus in man. Questions are being raised as to the prevalent type of hereditary transmission of diabetes, as to the possible occurrence of a prolonged period characterized by insulin resistance rather than by insulin deficiency, and as to the deeper meaning of the frequent coexistence of diabetes mellitus with obesity. Similar questions are raised by the observations of several spontaneous and genetically transmitted syndromes in animals that are characterized by the coincidence of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Albert E. RenoldAffiliations: Geneva, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1077-1077KeywordsDiabetes mellitusInsulinInsulin resistanceObesityPathogens ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Aid agency launches latest initiative to tackle diseases in the developing world
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The quest for drugs to fight the world's most neglected tropical infectious diseases gained fresh momentum with the formal launch of the “drugs for neglected diseases” initiative this week.

Medecins Sans Frontieres has teamed up with five international public organisations to promote affordable and effective drugs against leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, and Chagas' disease, among other infections that affect millions of people across Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

“Existing drugs for such diseases are too expensive, too toxic, or just do not exist,” said Bernard Pecoul, director of Medecins Sans Frontieres's campaign for essential medicine, in New Delhi last week.

The charity …
Temporal correlation between maximum tetanic force and cell death in postischemic rat skeletal muscle.
Authors: H Suzuki, D C Poole, B W Zweifach, G W Schmid-Schönbein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for muscle dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion, a rat spinotrapezius muscle preparation was developed which enabled sequential measurements of in vivo maximum tetanic force production and cell death assessed using digital microfluorographic determination of propidium iodide (PI) staining. After 60 min of no-flow ischemia, maximum tetanic force fell significantly during 90 min of reperfusion compared with control, nonischemic muscles. The most striking fall was evident within 30 min of reperfusion and occurred concomitant with an explosive increase in PI-positive myocyte nuclei. Treatment with the oxygen radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea, attenuated both the fall in force and increased PI staining. Indeed, the rise in PI-positive nuclei correlated closely (r= 0.728) with the reduction of maximum tetanic force developed following ischemia and reperfusion under all conditions. Superoxide dismutase also attenuated the rise in PI-positive nuclei. Assessment of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (deltapsi) using Rhodamine 123 fluorescence revealed that myocytes with the lowest initial mitochondrial membrane potential were subject to the greatest injury after 90 min of reperfusion (r= 0.828). These results support the hypothesis that myocyte injury, as visualized by PI-staining, reflects an impaired contractile function in fibers with a low oxidative potential which is likely mediated by oxygen radicals.
The Failed Back Syndrome: Etiology and Therapy
Authors: William F. Meacham
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This volume concerns a problem for which there is no easy solution. The author recognizes this repeatedly and is careful to point out that the "failed back syndrome" may continue to be just that, despite all attempts to relieve it. While the cause of the syndrome may remain obscure, it is often due to errors in diagnosis and improper and inadequate surgery. Possible corrective factors may be found after careful clinical studies including myelography, computed tomographic scans, and occasionally, diskograms, and epidural venograms. There is no doubt that the effective therapy for any failed back may be difficult to determine, and the author has, in this volume, left no therapeutic method unmentioned, even the use of cingulumotomy and lobotomy as last-resort measures. The author is, however, very conservative in recommending an operative procedure in which normally functioning nerves or tracts are sacrificed for pain control. This is appropriate and commendable
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Epstein–Barr virus‐associated T/natural killer‐cell lymphoproliferative disease in Japan
Authors: Emiko Sato, Shouichi Ohga, Hiroshi Kuroda, Fumiaki Yoshiba, Miki Nishimura, Masayuki Nagasawa, Masami Inoue, Keisei Kawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) has been linked to several different disorders. Its prognosis is generally poor and a treatment strategy has yet to be established. There are reports, however, that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cure this disease. To clarify the current situation regarding allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for EBV-associated T/NK-LPD, a nationwide survey was performed in Japan. Data for 74 patients were collected. There were 42 cases of chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV), 10 cases of EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), and 22 cases of EBV-associated lymphoma/leukemia (EBV-lymphoma/leukemia). Of those with CAEBV, 54% had the EBV-infected T-cell type and 59% with EBV-lymphoma/leukemia had the EBV-infected NK-cell type. Most patients with EBV-HLH and EBV-lymphoma/leukemia received allo-HSCT within 1 year after onset compared to only 14% of patients with CAEBV. The event-free survival (EFS) rate following allo-HSCT was 0.561 +/- 0.086 for CAEBV, 0.614 +/- 0.186 for EBV-HLH, and 0.309 +/- 0.107 for EBV-lymphoma/leukemia. The EFS of allo-HSCT with conventional conditioning was 0.488 +/- 0.074 and with reduced-intensity conditioning was 0.563 +/- 0.124. Thus, in a substantial number of cases, EBV-associated T/NK-LPD can be cured by either allogeneic conventional stem cell transplantation or reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation.
Kwashiorkor in 3-months-old African
Authors: L. G. Macdougall
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Six days after admission his blood count showed 3,890,000 red cells per c.mm.; haemoglobin, 9.5 g. per 100 ml.; white cells 3,100 per c.mm. (46% polymorphs, 50% lymphocytes, 1 % basophi4s, 1% eosinophils); M.C.V., 68 cubic /A; the
Phylogenetics and the aptationist program
Authors: Pierre Deleporte
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The aptationist program includes attempts at sorting adaptations from exaptations, and therefore requires knowledge of historical changes in biological character states (traits) and their effects or functions, particularly for nonoptimal aptations. Phylogenetic inference is a key approach for historical aspects of evolutionary hypotheses, particularly testing evolutionary scenarios, and such “tree-thinking” investigation is directly relevant to the aptationist program.
Points from letters: Frequency of cervical smears
Authors: A M Evans
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> Excessive increase in blood glucose level after eating increases the risk of macroangiopathy, and a method for not increasing the postprandial blood glucose level is desired. However, a logical design method of the dietary ingestion pattern controlling the postprandial blood glucose 2 level has not yet been established. We constructed a mathematical model of blood glucose control by oral glucose ingestion in 3 healthy human subjects, used the model to predict an optimal glucose ingestion pattern, and showed that the optimal ingestion pattern minimized the peak value of blood glucose level. Subjects orally ingested 3 doses of glucose by bolus or over 2 hours, and blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide and incretins were measured for 4 hours. We constructed an ordinary differential equation model that reproduced the time course data of the blood glucose and blood hormone levels. Using the model, we predicted that intermittent ingestion 30 minutes apart was the optimal glucose ingestion patterns that minimized the peak value of blood glucose level. We confirmed with subjects that this intermittent pattern decreased the peak value of blood glucose level. This approach could be applied to design optimal dietary ingestion patterns. <h3>In Brief</h3> As a forward problem, we measured blood glucose and hormones in three human subjects after oral glucose ingestion and constructed a mathematical model of blood glucose control. As an inverse problem, we used the model to predict the optimal oral glucose ingestion pattern that minimized the peak value of blood glucose level, and validated the pattern with the subjects. <h3>Highlights</h3> Modeling blood glucose concentrations predicts an intermittent ingestion pattern is optimal Human validation shows ingestion at 30-minute intervals limits peak blood glucose We provide a strategy to design optimal dietary ingestion patterns
Attenuated <i>Bordetella pertussis </i><scp>BPZE</scp>1 protects against allergic airway inflammation and contact dermatitis in mouse models
Authors: R. Li, C. Cheng, S. Z. Chong, A. R. F. Lim, Y. F. Goh, C. Locht, D. M. Kemeny, V. Angeli, W. S. F. Wong, S. Alonso
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background We previously reported that prior nasal administration of highly attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE 1 provides effective and sustained protection against lethal challenge with influenza A viruses. The protective effect was mediated by suppressing the production of major pro‐inflammatory mediators. To further explore the anti‐inflammatory properties of BPZE 1, we investigated the effect of BPZE 1 nasal pretreatment on two mouse models of allergic disease, allergic airway inflammation, and contact hypersensitivity ( CHS ). Methods Allergic reactions were induced in mice nasally pretreated with live attenuated BPZE 1 bacteria using the ovalbumin ( OVA )‐induced allergic airway inflammation and dinitrochlorobenzene ( DNCB )‐induced CHS models. Results Prior BPZE 1 nasal treatment suppressed OVA ‐induced lung inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment and significantly reduced IgE levels and cytokine production. Similarly, BPZE 1 nasal pretreatment markedly inhibited ear swelling, skin inflammation, and production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the DNCB ‐induced CHS model. For both models, we showed that BPZE 1 pretreatment does not affect the sensitization phase. Upon challenge, BPZE 1 pretreatment selectively reduced the level of cytokines whose production is increased and did not affect the basal level of other cytokines. Together, our observations suggest that BPZE 1 pretreatment specifically targets those cytokine‐producing effector cells that are recruited and involved in the inflammatory reaction. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the broad anti‐inflammatory properties of the attenuated B. pertussis BPZE 1 vaccine candidate and supports its development as a promising agent to prevent and/or treat allergic diseases.
Contact Lens Care in the Third World-Reply
Authors: Karla J. Johns
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Commercially available contact lens soaking solutions have disinfectant activity, but do not always provide sterilization of contact lenses. In fact, according to some reports, the solutions themselves can become contaminated with bacteria.<sup>1</sup>In addition, some corneal pathogens are poorly eradicated by this method. The cysts of<i>Acanthamoeba</i>, a one-celled protozoan implicated as a cause of corneal ulceration in hard, soft, and gas-permeable lens wearers with increasing frequency, are resistant to chemical disinfection.<sup>2</sup>Chemical disinfection systems do not provide total contact lens asepsis and are ineffective against some pathogens.
Expression of Fas-receptor on basal cell carcinomas after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream or vehicle
Authors: B. Berman, T. Sullivan, T. De Araujo, M. Nadji
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Expression of Fas‐receptor on basal cell carcinomas after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream or vehicle Get access B. Berman, B. Berman University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue Room 2023, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A Dr Brian Berman E‐mail: bberman@med.miami.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Sullivan, T. Sullivan University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue Room 2023, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. De Araujo, T. De Araujo University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue Room 2023, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Nadji M. Nadji University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue Room 2023, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue s66, 1 November 2003, Pages 59–61, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0366-077X.2003.05634.x Published: 01 November 2003
Primitive quiescent CD34+ cells in chronic myeloid leukemia are targeted by in vitro expanded natural killer cells, which are functionally enhanced by bortezomib
Authors: Agnes S. M. Yong, Keyvan Keyvanfar, Nancy Hensel, Rhoda Eniafe, Bipin N. Savani, Maria Berg, Andreas Lundqvist, Sharon Adams, Elaine M. Sloand, John M. Goldman, Richard Childs, A. John Barrett
Journal: Blood (2008)