tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subacute bacterial endocarditis masquerading as type III essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.
Authors: A Agarwal, J Clements, D D Sedmak, D Imler, N S Nahman, D A Orsinelli, L A Hebert
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

An adult man presented severely ill with vasculitis of his lower extremities and with impaired kidney function. After detailed evaluation at a local hospital, a diagnosis of essential type III cryoglobulinemia was made. High-dose steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy was begun. The patient improved dramatically. However, 6 wk later when his steroid dose was reduced to 30 mg daily, vasculitis recurred. Intensifying his immunosuppressive therapy only worsened his condition. He was than transferred to the Ohio State University Medical Center for consideration for plasmapheresis for the presumed essential type III cryoglobulinemia. However, our evaluation showed that he had bacterial endocarditis causing his type III cryoglobulinemia. When immunosuppressive drugs were stopped and antibiotics were begun, his condition resolved completely. This case illustrates the difficulty of identifying infectious causes of cryoglobulinemia and emphasizes that an initial, highly favorable response of vasculitis to immunosuppressive therapy does not exclude an infectious cause for the vasculitis.
CANCER IN OFFSPRING OF LONG-TERM SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT CANCER
Authors: JohnJ. Mulvihill, RogerR. Connelly, DonaldF. Austin, JoeannW. Cook, FrederickF. Holmes, MargotR. Krauss, J.Wister Meigs, SandraC. Steinhorn, M.Jane Teta, MaxH. Myers, Julianne Byrne, Kay Bragg, DawnD. Hassinger, GraceF. Holmes, HowardB. Latourette, M.Darlene Naughton, LouiseC. Strong, PeterJ. Weyer
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Development and validation of a scale for mouth handicap in systemic sclerosis: the Mouth Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis scale
Authors: L Mouthon, F Rannou, A Berezne, C Pagnoux, J-P Arene, E Fois, J Cabane, L Guillevin, M Revel, J Fermanian, S Poiraudeau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To develop and assess the reliability and construct validity of a scale assessing disability involving the mouth in systemic sclerosis (SSc). <h3>Methods:</h3> We generated a 34-item provisional scale from mailed responses of patients (n = 74), expert consensus (n = 10) and literature analysis. A total of 71 other SSc patients were recruited. The test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass coefficient correlation and divergent validity using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was performed to assess the factorial structure of the scale. <h3>Results:</h3> The item reduction process retained 12 items with 5 levels of answers (total score range 0–48). The mean total score of the scale was 20.3 (SD 9.7). The test–retest reliability was 0.96. Divergent validity was confirmed for global disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), r = 0.33), hand function (Cochin Hand Function Scale, r = 0.37), inter-incisor distance (r = −0.34), handicap (McMaster-Toronto Arthritis questionnaire (MACTAR), r = 0.24), depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD); HADd, r = 0.26) and anxiety (HADa, r = 0.17). Factor analysis extracted 3 factors with eigenvalues of 4.26, 1.76 and 1.47, explaining 63% of the variance. These 3 factors could be clinically characterised. The first factor (5 items) represents handicap induced by the reduction in mouth opening, the second (5 items) handicap induced by sicca syndrome and the third (2 items) aesthetic concerns. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> We propose a new scale, the Mouth Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis (MHISS) scale, which has excellent reliability and good construct validity, and assesses specifically disability involving the mouth in patients with SSc.
Monitoring strategies in children with asthma: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sandra Voorend-van Bergen, Anja A Vaessen-Verberne, Hein J Brackel, Anneke M Landstra, Norbert J van den Berg, Wim C Hop, Johan C de Jongste, Peter J Merkus, Mariëlle W Pijnenburg
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Asthma guidelines recommend monitoring of asthma control. However, in a substantial proportion of children, asthma is poorly controlled and the best monitoring strategy is not known. <h3>Objectives</h3> We studied two monitoring strategies for their ability to improve asthma outcomes in comparison with standard care (SC): web-based monthly monitoring with the (Childhood) Asthma Control Test (ACT or C-ACT) and 4-monthly monitoring of FE<sub>NO</sub>. <h3>Methods</h3> In this randomised controlled, partly blinded, parallel group multicentre trial with a 1-year follow-up, children aged 4–18 years with a doctor9s diagnosis of asthma treated in seven hospitals were randomised to one of the three groups. In the web group, treatment was adapted according to ACT obtained via a website at 1-month intervals; in the FE<sub>NO</sub> group according to ACT and FE<sub>NO</sub>, and in the SC group according to the ACT at 4-monthly visits. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in the proportion of symptom-free days (SFD). <h3>Results</h3> Two-hundred and eighty children (mean age 10.4 years, 66% boys) were included; 268 completed the study. Mean changes from baseline in SFD were similar between the groups: −2.1% (web group, n=90), +8.9% (FE<sub>NO</sub> group, n=91) versus 0.15% (SC, n=87), p=0.15 and p=0.78. Daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) decreased more in the web-based group compared with both other groups (−200 μg/day, p&lt;0.01), while ACT and SFD remained similar. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The change from baseline in SFD did not differ between monitoring strategies. With web-based ACT monitoring, ICS could be reduced substantially while control was maintained. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NTR 1995.
Does traffic-related air pollution contribute to respiratory disease formation in children?
Authors: M. Jerrett
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

In the current issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Brauer et al. 1 report positive associations between markers of traffic-related air pollution and respiratory health outcomes, including asthma onset, incidence of wheeze, ear/nose/throat infections and serious colds or flu, in a large cohort of children 4 yrs of age. This study replicates and extends earlier findings on the same birth cohort at 2 yrs of age. Although a replication, the findings here are more compelling than the earlier study for a number of reasons. First, the effects are larger and more consistent than in the study of the children at 2 yrs of age. In the field of air pollution epidemiology, which closely links to government policy and regulation, concepts such as statistical significance take on a greater meaning, one that often goes beyond what epidemiologists and health scientists consider essential to interpreting results. The stronger and more consistent effects in the current study bolster a growing body of research suggesting that more refined exposure metrics associate with larger respiratory health effects in children, which are discussed hereafter. Secondly, and linked to the first point, the diagnostic accuracy of the conditions after the first 4 yrs of life is likely to be higher than in the first 2 yrs of life, again leading to greater confidence in the association. The relative consistency of the associations at 4 yrs of age compared with those at 2 yrs of age suggests that onset and persistence of respiratory disease formation begins at an early age and continues throughout the course …
A Randomized Trial of Tai Chi for Fibromyalgia
Authors: Chenchen Wang, Christopher H. Schmid, Ramel Rones, Robert Kalish, Janeth Yinh, Don L. Goldenberg, Yoojin Lee, Timothy McAlindon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Previous research has suggested that tai chi offers a therapeutic benefit in patients with fibromyalgia.We conducted a single-blind, randomized trial of classic Yang-style tai chi as compared with a control intervention consisting of wellness education and stretching for the treatment of fibromyalgia (defined by American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria). Sessions lasted 60 minutes each and took place twice a week for 12 weeks for each of the study groups. The primary end point was a change in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) score (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms) at the end of 12 weeks. Secondary end points included summary scores on the physical and mental components of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). All assessments were repeated at 24 weeks to test the durability of the response.Of the 66 randomly assigned patients, the 33 in the tai chi group had clinically important improvements in the FIQ total score and quality of life. Mean (+/-SD) baseline and 12-week FIQ scores for the tai chi group were 62.9+/-15.5 and 35.1+/-18.8, respectively, versus 68.0+/-11 and 58.6+/-17.6, respectively, for the control group (change from baseline in the tai chi group vs. change from baseline in the control group, -18.4 points; P<0.001). The corresponding SF-36 physical-component scores were 28.5+/-8.4 and 37.0+/-10.5 for the tai chi group versus 28.0+/-7.8 and 29.4+/-7.4 for the control group (between-group difference, 7.1 points; P=0.001), and the mental-component scores were 42.6+/-12.2 and 50.3+/-10.2 for the tai chi group versus 37.8+/-10.5 and 39.4+/-11.9 for the control group (between-group difference, 6.1 points; P=0.03). Improvements were maintained at 24 weeks (between-group difference in the FIQ score, -18.3 points; P<0.001). No adverse events were observed.Tai chi may be a useful treatment for fibromyalgia and merits long-term study in larger study populations. (Funded by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00515008.)
The SNARE VAMP-7 Contributes To Eosinophil Degranulation, In Vivo
Authors: Paige Lacy, Lian Willetts, Elizabeth Jacobsen, Rachel Condjella, Katie Zellner, Sergei Ochkur, Hui Lou, Will LeSuer, John Kim, Cheryl Protheroe, Ralph Pero, James J. Lee, Nancy A. Lee, Redwan Moqbel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Effect of MuLV-related genes on plasmacytomagenesis in BALB/c mice.
Authors: M Potter, J W Hartley, J S Wax, D Gallahan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The role of spreading somatic cell infections with ecotropic MuLV viruses in the induction of plasmacytomas in BALB/cAN pi mice was determined by constructing congenic mice that lacked the gene locus Cv that codes for ecotropic virus. DBA/2 mice that lack Cv on chromosome (chr) 5 carry a closely linked gene Rmcfr that determines resistance to infection with mink cell focus-forming viruses (MCF). Rmcfr was retrogressively back-crossed onto BALB/c for six successive generations to produce N6 mice. N6 mice were mated to each other to produce BALB/c.DBA/2 Rmvfr/Rmcfr homozygotes. This stock of mice lacked Cv, as demonstrated by DNA hybridization and were as fully susceptible to developing plasmacytomas as the parental BALB/c. A second congenic stock BALB/c.DBA/2 Rmcfr/Rmcfr Fv-1n/Fv-1n was also developed, but the mice of this stock showed a reduced incidence of plasmacytomas, as did BALB/c.DBA/2 Fv-1n/Fv-1n mice. These findings indicated Fv-1 or a gene closely linked to it conferred partial resistance to plasmacytomagenesis. In constructing the BALB/c.DBA/2 Fv-1n/Fv-1n stock, a "control" congenic BALB/c.DBA/2 Fv-1b/Fv-1b was also developed at N6. Surprisingly, this stock carried the Qa2+ trait. These mice were also partially resistant to plasmacytomagenesis, suggesting a gene on chromosome 17 (the location of Qa2) or a gene located elsewhere that regulates Qa2 expression is linked to a gene controlling partial resistance to plasmacytoma development.
Microvascular studies in non-specific inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: N D Carr, B R Pullan, P F Schofield
Journal: Gut (1986)

The microvasculature was investigated in the normal bowel and in ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease. Tissue samples from postoperative colectomy specimens in which the microvasculature had been perfused with barium sulphate suspension were examined. Microradiography was used to study intramural vascular pattern which was abnormal in both disease states. A recently described radiograph fluorescence system was used to estimate barium concentration and hence microvascular volume in tissue samples. Highly significant negative correlations were demonstrated between barium concentration and age in normal bowel (n = 44; r = -0.669; p less than 0.001) and in segmental Crohn9s disease (n = 11; r = -0.698; p = 0.017). Barium concentration was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) in segmental Crohn9s disease (n = 11) but remained normal in diffuse Crohn9s disease of the colon (n = 6) and ulcerative colitis (n = 7). It is postulated that ischaemia may be a factor in the pathogenesis of segmental Crohn9s disease in older patients.
Tumor Epithelial Cell Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Is a Target for Antimetastatic Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wilhelm J. Lubbe, Zengyi Y. Zhou, Weili Fu, David Zuzga, Stephanie Schulz, Rafael Fridman, Ruth J. Muschel, Scott A. Waldman, Giovanni M. Pitari
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Background: The current paradigm suggests that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expressed by stromal cells is a therapeutic target in human colorectal tumors which presumably regulates metastatic disease progression. Conversely, whereas cancer cells within those tumors may induce stromal cells to produce MMP-9 and may be targets for MMP-9 activity, they are not the source of MMP-9 underlying metastasis. Methods: MMP-9 expression in matched colorectal tumors and normal adjacent mucosa from patients and human colon cancer cell lines was examined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, laser capture microdissection, immunoelectron microscopy, and immunoblot analysis. The role of colon cancer cell MMP-9 in processes underlying metastasis was explored in vitro by examining degradation of extracellular matrix components by gelatin zymography and formation of locomotory organelles by cell spreading analysis and in vivo by quantifying hematogenous tumor cell seeding of mouse lungs. Results: Primary colorectal tumors overexpress MMP-9 compared with matched normal adjacent mucosa. In contrast to the current paradigm, MMP-9 is expressed equally by cancer and stromal cells within human colon tumors. Cancer cell MMP-9 regulates metastatic behavior in vitro, including degradation of extracellular matrix components and formation of locomotory organelles. Moreover, this MMP-9 critically regulates hematogenous seeding of mouse lungs by human colon cancer cells in vivo. Conclusions: These observations reveal that MMP-9 produced by human colon cancer, rather than stromal, cells is central to processes underlying metastasis. They underscore the previously unrecognized potential of specifically targeting tumor cell MMP-9 in interventional strategies to reduce mortality from metastatic colorectal cancer.
The science of obesity: what do we really know about what makes us fat? An essay by Gary Taubes
Authors: G. Taubes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The history of obesity research is a history of two competing hypotheses. <b>Gary Taubes</b> argues that the wrong hypothesis won out and that it is this hypothesis, along with substandard science, that has exacerbated the obesity crisis and the related chronic diseases. If we are to make any progress, he says, we have to look again at what really makes us fat
Bacteriological Standards in the Investigation of Enteric Convalescents
Authors: D. C. Logan
Journal: BMJ (1942)

ISOLATED FRACTURE OF CARPAL CUNEIFORM I was swelling of the dorsum of the wrist, MlI movements being painful, but particularly ulnar deviation when the wrist was dorsiflexed.A radiograph showed a fracture of the cuneiform involving two-thirds of the bone (Fig. 2).Case 2.-The patient, a housewife aged 51, slipped and fell on to her left wrist.On
Effectiveness of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Subgroups
Authors: Amy Earley, Rebecca Persson, Ann C. Garlitski, Ethan M. Balk, Katrin Uhlig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Previous systematic reviews of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) used for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) concluded that ICDs are less effective in women and the elderly. Purpose: To examine ICD effectiveness for primary prevention of SCD across subgroups by sex, age, New York Heart Association class, left ventricular ejection fraction, heart failure, left bundle branch block, QRS interval, time since myocardial infarction, blood urea nitrogen level, and diabetes. Data Sources: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through 3 September 2013 with no language restriction. Study Selection: Researchers screened articles for studies comparing ICD versus no ICD for primary prevention. Data Extraction: Data were extracted about study design, patients, interventions, mortality and SCD outcomes, subgroup characteristics, and subgroup effects. Quality of subgroup analyses was determined by consensus. Relative odds ratios comparing subgroup effects were calculated, and random-effects model meta-analyses were conducted on these ratios. Data Synthesis: Meta-analysis of 14 studies showed a decrease in deaths and SCDs due to ICD treatment. Ten studies provided subgroup analyses. Nine studies compared ICD versus no ICD, whereas one compared cardiac resynchronization therapy plus a defibrillator versus no ICD. Within-study interaction tests and across-study meta-analyses yielded weak evidence that did not show differences for all-cause mortality in subgroups by sex, age, and QRS interval. The evidence was indeterminate for other evaluated subgroups because of a paucity of data. Limitation: Many subgroup analyses were underpowered, which may have resulted in false-negative findings. Conclusion: Weak evidence fails to show differences for all-cause mortality in subgroups of sex, age, and QRS interval. Evidence is indeterminate for all-cause mortality in the other subgroups and for SCD. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Suicide-Related Events in Patients Treated with Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Alejandro Arana, Charles E. Wentworth, José L. Ayuso-Mateos, Felix M. Arellano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A previous meta-analysis of data from clinical trials showed an association between antiepileptic drugs and suicidality (suicidal ideation, behavior, or both). We used observational data to examine the association between the use or nonuse of antiepileptic drugs and suicide-related events (attempted suicides and completed suicides) in patients with epilepsy, depression, or bipolar disorder.
Factors predisposing to acute and recurrent bacterial non-necrotizing cellulitis in hospitalized patients: a prospective case–control study
Authors: M. Karppelin, J. Syrjänen, T. Siljander, J. Vuopio-Varkila, J. Kere, H. Huhtala, R. Vuento, T. Jussila
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Survey of Health Professionals' Information Habits and Needs
Authors: E. Ray Stinson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Interviews with 402 randomly selected health professionals identified the information habits health professionals used to stay abreast of current advances in medicine. The use of various information sources was related to such factors as their type of practice, specialty, location of practice, professional's age, and the size of their primary hospital. In addition to medical literature, the most common source, the typical responder spent one to five hours each week in discussions with colleagues. He or she also spent five to ten hours each year at local professional meetings, five to ten hours per year at state meetings, ten to 15 hours per year at national meetings, and ten to 15 hours per year at educational courses sponsored by various medical schools. Unsolicited medical literature was used extensively, particularly by those in rural, solo practice. (<i>JAMA</i>243:140-143, 1980)
Vagotomy inhibits the jejunal fluid secretion activated by luminal ileal <i>Escherichia coli</i> STa in the rat in vivo
Authors: V E Rolfe, R J Levin
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin (STa) is a major cause of secretory diarrhoea in humans. AIMS To assess the effects of instilling STa into the ileum on remote fluid secretion in the jejunum and colon in rats in vivo by a gravimetric technique. METHODS AND RESULTS Ileal STa (55 ng/ml) stimulated fluid secretion in both ileal and jejunal loops but not in the colon. The fluid secretion induced by ileal STa was inhibited by l -NAME ( N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally) but not by d -NAME ( N ω -nitro- d -arginine methyl ester). Ileal carbachol (183 mg/ml) instilled into the lumen stimulated ileal secretion but not jejunal secretion, and was unaffected by l -NAME. Capsaicin (10 μM), instilled luminally with STa in the ileum, blocked both the ileal and jejunal fluid secretion. Acute bilateral vagotomy prevented luminal ileal STa from inducing jejunal fluid secretion but not from activating ileal fluid secretion. CONCLUSION Ileal E coli STa stimulates remote secretion in the rat jejunum but not in the colon, probably by a nitrinergic, vagal reflex mediated by C fibres. This neural pathway will amplify the action of the toxin in its generation of secretory diarrhoea.
TWO YEARS' EXPERIENCE WITH THE MALARIAL TREATMENT OF GENERAL PARALYSIS IN A STATE INSTITUTION
Authors: Max A. Bahr, W. L. Bruetsch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1928)

(1) Of 100 general paralytic patients, treated with malaria, 25 were able to leave the hospital. Twelve patients improved to such a degree that they can be trusted in an useful occupation in the hospital. Forty patients are placed in the unimproved group. In 32 patients of the latter group the disease is progressing. In 8 instances the disease has remained stationary. Five patients succumbed during the rigors and 18 died following the malaria. (2) Serological changes following malarial treatment occurred in both the improved and the unimproved groups. While there was no parallelism between the degree of clinical and serological improvement, the percentage of the serological improvement, particularly as far as the colloidal gold curve was concerned, was higher in the improved groups. The paretic gold curve was reduced in intensity but remained of the paretic type. The conversion of a paretic curve into a true luetic one in our cases was an exception. (3) The method of the treatment of general paralysis with malaria is relatively simple, compared with the other methods and can be easily carried out in a state institution. (4) It cannot be denied that this form of treatment is attended with definite risk for the patient. With a better knowledge of the complications that arise during the rigors, death due to therapeutic malaria will be reduced. If, on the other hand, one reviews the fatalities occurring in the course of the specific treatment, particularly with the intraspinal methods, one is aware that no treatment is without hazard.