tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carcinoembryonic antigen and blood group-related carbohydrate antigens in glycoproteins in human bile in hepatolithiasi
Authors: M Sasaki, T Morita, M Hoso, Y Nakanuma, H Tanimura
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

We investigated whether carbohydrate antigens on biliary glycoproteins and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are related to hepatolithiasis. CEA, ABO, and Lewis blood group-related antigens, as well as sialyl-Tn antigen in hepatic bile, were analyzed by Western blotting in samples from 12 patients with hepatolithiasis and 37 with other biliary diseases (choledocholithiasis, 13; cholecystolithiasis, 5; acute cholecystitis, 2; cholangiocarcinoma, 5; common bile duct carcinoma, 4; pancreatic carcinoma, 6; and metastatic carcinoma of liver, 2). CEA was positive on mucinous glycoprotein in six patients (50%) with hepatolithiasis and one case (17%) with pancreatic carcinoma. CEA was also positive on a glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd in eight patients (67%) with hepatolithiasis and two (33%) with pancreatic carcinoma. Lewis X was detected on the mucinous glycoprotein in almost all samples, as well as on glycoproteins of approximately 180 kd in all hepatolithiasis samples and approximately half of those from patients with other diseases. Sialyl-Tn antigen was detected on mucinous glycoprotein in four (80%) with cholangiocarcinoma, two (50%) with common bile duct carcinoma, and all pancreatic carcinoma samples. Mucinous glycoprotein and glycoproteins containing CEA and Lewis X antigens are enriched in hepatic bile of hepatolithiasis, and they may be closely related to the formation of intrahepatic calculi. Sialyl-Tn antigen in biliary mucinous glycoprotein will be a good marker of biliary and pancreatic carcinoma, and probably for cholangiocarcinoma complicated with hepatolithiasis.
PWE-163 Factors predicting extended length of stay following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: a move towards day case surgery
Authors: B Alkhaffaf, P Turner, R Date, M Mughal, J Ward, K Pursnani
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There has been a move towards performing laparoscopic gastric fundoplication as a “day-case” procedure. This study aimed to determine which factors influence length of stay (LOS) to better enable patient selection for “day-case” fundoplication. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective study of 229 consecutive laparoscopic Nissen fundoplications performed between 1999 and 2011. The primary outcome measure was length of hospital stay (LOS). Factors examined were patient age, main indication for surgery (large hiatus hernia or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and primary or redo surgery), history of previous surgery and presence and size of hiatus hernia. <h3>Results</h3> Patients undergoing surgery for large hiatus herniae had an average 2-day greater LOS compared to those undergoing surgery for GORD (p&lt;0.001). Surgery for large hiatus herniae was also associated with a higher rate of conversion to open surgery (41% vs 7%; p&lt;0.001). LOS was not affected by small or moderate sized hiatus herniae. A history of previous open upper abdominal surgery increased LOS by an average of 2 days (p=0.010) and was associated with a higher rate of conversion to open surgery when compared to cases with no past surgical history (40% vs 12.7%; p=0.036). Redo fundoplication surgery led to an increased LOS by an average of 1.5 days (p=0.044) when compared to primary surgery. There was a positive correlation between age and LOS (p=0.007). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Factors which should exclude patients from undergoing “day-case” fundoplication include; large hiatus hernia as the main indication for intervention, redo surgery, a history of previous open upper abdominal surgery and advancing age. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Glucose Enhances Human Macrophage LOX-1 Expression
Authors: Ling Li, Tatsuya Sawamura, Geneviève Renier
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a newly identified receptor for oxidized LDL that is expressed by vascular cells. LOX-1 is upregulated in aortas of diabetic rats and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of human diabetic atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the regulation of human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) LOX-1 expression by high glucose and the role of LOX-1 in glucose-induced foam cell formation. Incubation of human MDMs with glucose (5.6 to 30 mmol/L) enhanced, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, LOX-1 gene and protein expression. Induction of LOX-1 gene expression by high glucose was abolished by antioxidants, protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and activated protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitors. In human MDMs cultured with high glucose, increased expression of PKCβ 2 and enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 was observed. Activation of these kinases was inhibited by the antioxidant N -acetyl- l -cysteine (NAC) and by the PKCβ inhibitor LY379196. High glucose also enhanced the binding of nuclear proteins extracted from human MDMs to the NF-κB and AP-1 regulatory elements of the LOX-1 gene promoter. This effect was abrogated by NAC and PKC/MAPK inhibitors. Finally, high glucose induced human macrophage-derived foam cell formation through a LOX-1–dependent pathway. Overall, these results demonstrate that high glucose concentrations enhance LOX-1 expression in human MDMs and that this effect is associated with foam cell formation. Pilot data showing that MDMs of patients with type 2 diabetes overexpress LOX-1 support the relevance of this work to human diabetic atherosclerosis.
Abuse of Medical Students
Authors: Richard J. Meli
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I found the two recent articles on medical student abuse<sup>1,2</sup>to be of particular concern. With my thirdyear rotations beginning in July, I am approaching the point at which, according to the findings, the putative mistreatment tends to burgeon. Although I am by no means surprised by the data, I believe the articles are important in their provision of concrete information regarding an issue that, in the past, seemed to receive mostly verbal attention. This information should serve to prepare students who have yet to commence their clinical years for an environment that, in addition to offering crucial and exciting medical experience, may seem hostile toward them. First, we students should remind ourselves that such abusive behavior is not exclusive to medical training, or to the medical profession itself; in every profession there will be ugly confrontations. Although they are inexcusable, physical, sexual, and verbal mistreatments
Growing Up in the Hospital
Authors: Maryland Pao, Elizabeth D. Ballard, Donald L. Rosenstein
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial: An added cost of inflation and recession
Authors: L. E. Kopolow
Journal: JAMA (1976)

For a long time, epidemiologists have noted the correlation between certain physical ailments and socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, inadequate housing, malnutrition. An evolving corollary to this concept is the apparent relationship between the development and exacerbation of certain illnesses, especially mental illness, and a deterioration of the economic situation. The present economic recession and concomitant inflation are taking their toll on the mental and physical health of the nation. For the first time in their lives, millions of Americans are losing confidence in their ability to achieve a more prosperous future and even to maintain their present economic condition. The emotional climate in which people work and live has recently undergone considerable change, with the result that worrying about job security, bills, taxes, and skyrocketing costs of food and essential commodities has reached epidemic proportions. Recognizing this situation, it is not surprising to find that as the nation plunges
Vertical/compatible integration versus analogizing with biology
Authors: Jerome H. Barkow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Vertical/compatible theoretical integration provides an alternative way of unifying sociocultural anthropology and related disciplines. It involves analyzing theoretical statements for their implicit and explicit assumptions at multiple levels of analysis and then determining whether these assumptions are compatible with consensus in the relevant disciplines (e.g., does the sociological theory include an assumption at odds with consensus psychology?). Incompatibilities indicate a need for further research. This approach is much more likely to salvage the bulk of humanities-oriented anthropology than is that of the authors.
618 Prediction for treatment outcome in HCV type 1-infected patients: GAMMA-glutamyltranspepdidase (GGT) is the most reliable independent single parameter
Authors: V. Weich, E. Herrmann, C. Sarrazin, H. Hinrichsen, P. Buggisch, T. Gerlachs, H. Klinker, U. Spengler, A. Bergkt, S. Zeuzem, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Naturally occurring nonneoplastic histopathological lesions in the female SENCAR mouse.
Authors: R M Kovatch, G L Knutsen, M Robinson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Lesions that were considered naturally occurring were surveyed in female SENCAR mice used in short-term bioassays. These lesions were encountered in selected target organs and in organs and tissues with gross lesions encountered at necropsy. The genitourinary system was the most frequent site for lesions; cystic ovaries, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and glomerulonephritis were commonly encountered in this system.
The resuscitative value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to cardiac causes
Authors: Ken Nagao, Nariyuki Hayashi, Takeo Mukouyama, Ikuyoshi Watanabe, Sumito Oguchi, Satoro Kikuchi, Shigemasa Tani, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Kiyoshi Iida, Takeo Anazawa, Takashi Miyamoto, Tadamasa Nosaka, Katsuo Kanmatsuse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Legionella bozemanii
Authors: Jack D. Sobel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>LEGIONELLA bozemanii</i>was first isolated from lung tissue by Bozeman in 1959. The isolate came from a healthy scuba diver in Florida with fatal bronchopneumonia and was termed<i>WIGA</i>.<sup>1</sup>A second isolate, MI-15, was recovered in 1979 from lung tissue from a patient with lymphatic leukemia in whom a fulminant pneumonia developed after submersion in brackish swamp water.<sup>2</sup>In both cases, the organism was recovered on charcoal yeast extract (CYE) by guinea pig inoculation. Testing of the patient's serum sample with indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) showed an increase in antibody titer against both the MI-15 and WIGA isolates. Genetic and antigenic studies subsequently showed that the two isolated belonged to the same species. The proposed species name was<i>L bozemanii</i>.<sup>3</sup> In addition, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, found serologic evidence of the association of<i>L bozemanii</i>in ten other cases of community-acquired pneumonia.<sup>4</sup>Immunofluorescent
Serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity in man.
Authors: R H Noth, P J Mulrow
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was comparable in eight adrenalectomized patients and in 41 normal volunteers (37.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 40.0 +/- 4.0 IU), but were very low in four patients with severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy (6.7 +/- 4.2). These observations suggest that the major source of DBH activity in human serum is probably the sympathetic nervous system. Serum DBH activity was also significantly lower in seven patients with low renin essential hypertension than in 17 patients with normal renin hypertension (19.9 +/- 4.3 vs. 43.9 +/- 5.0 IU, P less than 0.05). Dietary sodium depletion, a stimulus for catecholamine secretion, produced only a small increase in serum DBH activity in supine normal volunteers (26.5 +/- 10.4 to 33.9 +/- 11.4, P less than 0.05; n = 7) and in five adrenalectomized patients (33.0 +/- 12.7 to 44.1 +/- 15.2, P = 0.06). Plasma renin activity increased more than 3-fold in these same subjects, and did not correlate with serum DBH activity. Similarly, 4 hours of ambulation produced only a small increase in serum DBH activity which did not correlate with plasma renin activity. The small magnitude of these responses to physiological stimuli of the sympathetic nervous system diminishes the potential clinical usefulness of measurement of serum DBH activity. Further studies utilizing direct correlation of plasma and urine catecholamines with serum DBH activity are needed to establish its relationship to sympathetic nervous system activity.
An Address ON ELEMENTARY PSYCHOLOGY IN GENERAL HOSPITAL TEACHING: Delivered before the Ulster Medical Society, March, 1921
Authors: W. Calwell
Journal: BMJ (1921)

It is to be noted that 10 out of the 14 cases showing the difference had thick arteries (all except Nos. 8, 17, 21, and 23), or of all the 13 cases of the series having thick arteries 10, or all but 3 (Nos.5, 13, and 14), showed the difference, a much larger proportion than that which obtained in the total number of cases (14 out of 22) all of which had, of course, aortic incompetence.Furtlher, in the 14 adult cases 11 showed the difference, whereas by contrast it was observed only in 3 of the 8 children, in none of whom were any arterial changes found.These two points suggest Very strongly the arterial origin of the phenomenon.In regard to the relationship of the degree of pulse pressure to the arm-leg difference, there was no corre- spondence between the two.Taking the 6 highest pulse pressures, in 4 of them, Nos. 2, 3, 11, and 16, there was a marked difference, whilst, on the other hand, in the 2 others, Nos. 10 and 14, no appreciable difference was found.In 3 out of 5 cases in whicih it was tried, the difference of pressure was abolislhed by repeated recom- pression, wlhich again is as we have seen in favour of the arterial explanation, and is at variance with Hill's finding aortic regurgitation.It will be seen, if my results be compared with those of the various writers on this subject that they are similar to- those of Heitz, but differ fromn those of the others, and it may be pointed out that Heitz's conclusions appear to be based, to judge from the published records, upon a considerably larger number of cases than those of tlhe other observers.Whilst of course I freely acknowledge that the limited number of cases upon which the present paper is based is insufficient to form the basis of general dogmatism, it is certainly quite sufficient to show that the phenomenon is-nothing like a constant sign of aortic reaurgitation.Finally, I would submit with sQme insistence that future observations should include in each case a note upon the condition of the arteries, an omission as to wlhicli has deprived past records of much of their value.
Bacterial and human cell mutagenicity study of some C18H10 cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with fossil fuels combustion.
Authors: A L Lafleur, J P Longwell, J A Marr, P A Monchamp, E F Plummer, W G Thilly, P P Mulder, B B Boere, J Cornelisse, J Lugtenburg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A number of isomeric C18H10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), thought to be primarily cyclopenta-fused PAHs, are produced during the combustion and pyrolysis of fossil fuels. To determine the importance of their contributions to the total mutagenic activity of combustion and pyrolysis samples in which they are found, we characterized reference quantities of four C18H10 CP-PAHs: benzo[ghi]fluoranthene (BF), cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), cyclopent[hi]acephenanthrylene (CPAP), and cyclopent[hi]aceanthrylene (CPAA). Synthesis of CPAA and CPAP is described. The availability of reference samples of these isomers also proved to be an essential aid in the identification of the C18H10 species often found in combustion and pyrolysis samples. Chemical analysis of selected combustion and pyrolysis samples showed that CPP was generally the most abundant C18H10 isomer, followed by CPAP and BF. CPAA was detected only in pyrolysis products from pure PAHs. We tested the four C18H10 PAHs for mutagenicity in a forward mutation assay using S. typhimurium. CPP, BF, and CPAA were roughly twice as mutagenic as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), whereas CPAP was only slightly active. These PAHs were also tested for mutagenic activity in human cells. In this assay, CPP and CPAA were strongly mutagenic but less active than BaP, whereas CPAP and BF were inactive at the dose levels tested. Also, the bacterial and human cell mutagenicity of CPAA and CPAP were compared with the mutagenicity of their monocyclopenta-fused analogs, aceanthrylene and acephenanthyrlene. Although the mutagenicities of CPAP and acephenanthrylene are similar, the mutagenic activity of CPAA is an order of magnitude greater than that of aceanthyrlene.
The Appropriateness of Performing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Constance Monroe Winslow
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Information about how appropriately procedures are performed is vital to the understanding of the impact of technology and to the success of efforts to channel its use appropriately. While the efficacy of coronary artery bypass surgery has been addressed in several large-scale, randomized trials, there is little information about how appropriately the procedure is actually being used in the community. We determined the appropriateness of coronary artery bypass surgeries performed in three randomly chosen hospitals in a western state. We determined appropriateness by comparing data obtained from a detailed medical record review with a list of 488 indications. This list, developed by a national panel of physicians, covered all possible reasons for performing the procedure. Three hundred eighty-six cases from the years 1979, 1980, and 1982 were examined. Fifty-six percent of the surgeries were performed for appropriate reasons, 30% for equivocal reasons, and 14% for inappropriate reasons. The percentage of appropriate surgeries varied by hospital, from 37% to 78%, but did not vary by patient age. Eliminating the performance of inappropriate procedures may lead to reductions in health care expenditures or to improved patient outcomes. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:505-509)
Unusual Case of Isolated Parasellar Metastasis From Carcinoma of Thyroid
Authors: Gaurav Malhotra, Ramesh V. Asopa, Epari Sridhar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 48-year-old male patient of papillary carcinoma of thyroid, who had received 3.145 GBq of radioiodine ((131)I) 6 months earlier, presented with recurrent headaches and progressively worsening double vision for 2 weeks. Iodine avid and low metabolic parasellar mass was seen on (131)I SPECT/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT, respectively. In view of no bony erosion, meningioma or schwannoma rather than metastasis was considered as first differential diagnosis. However, final histopathology after its partial excision revealed metastasis from thyroid cancer. This case highlights the importance of radioiodine scan to detect a rare occurrence of parasellar metastasis from thyroid cancer.
The Continuing Importance of Adequate Surgery for Operable Breast Cancer: Significant Salvage of Node-Positive Patients without Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: H. S. Cody, S. S. Bretsky, J. A. Urban
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1982)

Five hundred and forty-four patients with primary operable breast cancer were treated by the senior author (JAU) from 1965 to 1970, following a plan of selective surgery involving radical mastectomy (RM), extended radical mastectomy (ERM), and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) applied to appropriate patients. Postoperative radiation therapy was administered to the peripheral regional nodes in 90 percent of node-positive patients. No patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. Significant findings include: • excellent 10-year no-evidence-of-disease (NED) survival following MRM in patients with noninfiltrating cancers (97 percent) and minimal infiltrating cancers (86 percent) • comparable survival (70 percent versus 67 percent alive at 10 years, 63 percent versus 60 percent NED at 10 years) following RM or ERM, in patients with more advanced stages of breast cancer • 10-year survival of 59 percent (50 percent NED) for all patients with axillary node metastases • net local recurrence rate of six percent at 10 years in the 496 patients with infiltrating cancers (44 percent of whom had positive axillary nodes) • internal mammary (IM) node metastases present in 26 percent of ERM patients, with 10-year NED survival of 70 percent when all nodes were negative, 45 percent if only IM nodes were positive, and 35 percent when both axillary and IM nodes were positive. Significant salvage of patients with positive axillary nodes (50 percent NED at 10 years) has been attained through complete excision of the breast and meticulous dissection of the regional nodal depots. Since none of these patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, it is evident that most patients with negative nodes and many with positive nodes do not have systemic disease at the time of primary therapy. Since current methods of adjuvant chemotherapy have improved the five-year survival rates of patients with positive axillary nodes by only 10 percent to 15 percent over that obtained by similar primary therapy in control groups. the current tendency to minimize the importance of adequate primary therapy is irrational and to be condemned. Patients will benefit most when adequate primary therapy with excellent local control is combined with aggressive multidrug adjuvant chemotherapy in appropriate cases.
Elderly patients in the accident department
Authors: J Whitaker, C T Currie
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Recurrence of focal glomeruloscierosis despite cyclosporin treatment after renal transplantation SIR,-Professor Alain Meyrier and colleagues ( 22March, p 789) repprted the remission of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome after cyclosporin therapy.While the remission was total in the three patients with minimal change nephropathy, it was only partial in the three others with focal glomerulosclerosis.The authors considered the