tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of glutamine on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in parenterally fed rats
Authors: N Mandir, R A Goodlad
Journal: Gut (1999)

Several papers have indicated that glutamine is a preferred fuel for the enterocyte and that it can increase intestinal epithelial cell proliferation.To investigate the effects of glutamine on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in the parenterally fed rat.Five groups of six rats were fed parenterally; a group of orally fed rats was also studied. Crypt cell proliferation was studied after six days using native mitoses in microdissected crypts and bromodeoxyuridine labelling.No effect of treatment was seen on intestinal weight; however, the weights of the small intestine, caecum, and colon were all significantly heavier in the orally fed group than in the total parenteral nutrition groups (p<0.001). There was no effect of any of the glutamine treatments on mitotic activity in the small intestine. In the colon there was a small increase in native mitoses with glutamine (p=0.03). There was also an indication of increased proliferative activity in the first fifth of the small intestine and colon with glutamine. Little effect of glutamine on bromodeoxyuridine labelling in either site was observed, but there was a small but significant reduction in growth fraction of the colon of the glutamine treated group. The labelling distribution curve from sections and the mitotic distribution curve obtained from crypt squashes showed a good correlation.Glutamine has a small, but significant effect on mitotic activity but only in the colon. Modest effects on the distribution of labelled cells were also seen.
Statistical models for genetic susceptibility in toxicological and epidemiological investigations.
Authors: W W Piegorsch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Models are presented for use in assessing genetic susceptibility to cancer (or other diseases) with animal or human data. Observations are assumed to be in the form of proportions, hence a binomial sampling distribution is considered. Generalized linear models are employed to model the response as a function of the genetic component; these include logistic and complementary log forms. Susceptibility is measured via odds ratios of response, relative to a background genetic group. Significance tests and confidence intervals for these odds ratios are based on maximum likelihood estimates of the regression parameters. Additional consideration is given to the problem of gene-environment interactions and to testing whether certain genetic identifiers/categories may be collapsed into a smaller set of categories. The collapsibility hypothesis provides an example of a mechanistic context wherein nonhierarchical models for the linear predictor can sometimes make sense.
Ending Neglect of Older People in the Response to Humanitarian Emergencies
Authors: Unni Karunakara, Frances Stevenson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

At the heart of humanitarian action are the principles of humanity and impartiality. All people have equal value and dignity; the exclusion of an individual or a group on the grounds of nationality, religion, or politics is contrary to the humanitarian ethos [1]. We suggest that neglect on the grounds of age should be added to this list. But first, what do we mean by “older”? Variation in life expectancy between countries makes it difficult to agree upon the age at which someone becomes old. The United Nations (UN) definition is 60 years and older, but in developing countries, where most humanitarian crises occur, 50 years is an appropriate cut-off and the one we use in this article [2].

Emergency aid has failed to address the needs of older people in emergencies [3]. High death rates among older populations in crises are common, partly due to their inherent vulnerability and partly due to services that inadequately deal with their needs often because these are not well identified or understood [3]–[6]. For example, an assessment by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) of how it met the needs of older people in emergencies in Haiti and South Sudan showed that after initial registration of individuals at health clinics, disaggregated data beyond the under-5 and over-5 year age groups were not collated [7]. Issues with mobility and vision that increase in prevalence with age can mean that older people are more at risk in crises and are less able to access care and support [8],[9]. Vulnerable groups such as older people are therefore likely to bear a disproportionate share of health problems [10]. Thus, specific interventions are often necessary to prevent these groups from suffering disproportionately.

Here we describe the neglect of older people's health and nutrition needs by humanitarian agencies, donors, and international bodies. Our aim is to stimulate thinking and action on how older people are treated in humanitarian emergencies.
Physicians' antinuclear war group expanding to include child health
Authors: T. Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic relationship between allergy-causing dust mites: Phylogenetic inference from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, housekeeping gene (18S rDNA), and group 2 allergens
Authors: A.H.B. Loo, S.P.L. Tan, A.C. Angus, K.T. Kuay, K. Reginald, Y.F. Gao, F.T. Chew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
The dirty way to the gallbladder
Authors: G. Buess, E. Frimberger
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Laparoscopic surgery has dramatically reduced the need for long incisions in surgery. During laparoscopic surgery, trocars for a rigid optic and for each instrument are introduced through the abdominal wall. Today, in natural orifice endoluminal surgery (NOTES), the natural orifices are used to introduce a flexible endoscope with or without the use of an overtube. Inside the human body, entrance to the peritoneum is gained by making an incision in the organ wall. Most procedures do still use one or more trocars through the abdominal wall, with a preference for location at the umbilicus.
Doctors can be trusted
Authors: A. v. d. Heide, J. A C Rietjens
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Objective To explore the relation between the care provided in the final three months of life and the prevalence and types of end of life decisions in Belgium.Design Two year nationwide retrospective study, 2005-6 (SENTI-MELC study).Setting Data collection via the sentinel network of general practitioners, an epidemiological surveillance system representative of all general practitioners in Belgium.Subjects 1690 non-sudden deaths in practices of the sentinel general practitioners.Main outcome measures Non-sudden deaths of patients (aged >1 year) reported each week.Reported care provided in the final three months of life and the end of life decisions made.Multivariable regression analysis controlled for age, sex, cause, and place of death.Results Use of specialist multidisciplinary palliative care services was associated with intensified alleviation of symptoms (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 2.6), continuous deep sedation forgoing food/fluid (2.9, 1.7 to 4.9), and the total of decisions explicitly intended to shorten life (1.5, 1.1 to 2.1) but not with euthanasia or physician assisted suicide in particular.To a large extent receiving spiritual care was associated with higher frequencies of euthanasia or physician assisted suicide than receiving little spiritual care (18.5, 2.0 to 172.7).Conclusions End of life decisions that shorten life, including euthanasia or physician assisted suicide, are not related to a lower use of palliative care in Belgium and often occur within the context of multidisciplinary care.
The in vivo pH of the extravascular space of the lung
Authors: Richard M. Effros, Francis P. Chinard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The partition of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione (DMO) and of 11 amines between the vascular and extravascular spaces of the lung has been determined by the multiple indicator dilution technique. Four amines (nicotine, pentylamine, quinine, and benzylamine) were found to have pH-sensitive tissue to blood concentration ratios. Of these, tritiated nicotine appears to be the nost satisfactory indicator of tissue pH and values for the pH of the pulmonary extravascular space (pH(e)) have been calculated from the nicotine data. At an arterial pH (pH(art)) between 7.38 and 7.43 pH(e) averaged 6.69 +/-0.07. Changes in pH(e) usually paralleled but were consistently less than concomitant changes in pH(art). Alterations in P(CO2) at constant pH(art) regularly produced relatively small, parallel changes in extravascular hydrogen ion concentrations. Local alterations in tissue pH due to P(CO2) changes are apparently buffered quite rapidly and the pH(e) of the lung seems more closely linked to pH(art) than the cellular pH of other tissues.DMO, guanidine, methylamine, morphine, and atropine were confined to the vascular volume during the first circulation and could not be used to measure tissue pH. Histamine appeared to be bound to a pH-insensitive site. The extravascular distributions of antipyrine and aniline were unresponsive to alterations in arterial pH, presumably because they are essentially uncharged at pH levels found in the lung.
Effect of Soybean Protein on Blood Pressure: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Jiang He, Dongfeng Gu, Xigui Wu, Jichun Chen, Xiufang Duan, Jing Chen, Paul K. Whelton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Epidemiologic studies suggest that vegetable protein intake is inversely related to blood pressure. Objective: To examine the effect of soybean protein supplementation on blood pressure in persons with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension. Design: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Setting: Three communities in the People's Republic of China. Patients: 302 participants 35 to 64 years of age with an initial untreated systolic blood pressure of 130 to 159 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of 80 to 99 mm Hg, or both. Intervention: Study participants were randomly assigned to receive 40 g of isolated soybean protein supplements per day or complex carbohydrate control for 12 weeks; 91.4% completed the intervention. Measurements: Blood pressure measurements were obtained by using random-zero sphygmomanometers at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks. Results: At baseline, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 135.0 mm Hg (SD 10.9) and 84.7 mm Hg (SD 6.9), respectively. Compared with the control group, the net changes in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were −4.31 mm Hg (95% CI, −2.11 to −6.51 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and −2.76 mm Hg (CI, −1.35 to −4.16 mm Hg; P < 0.001), respectively, after the 12-week intervention. The net changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure reductions were −7.88 mm Hg (CI, −4.66 to −11.1 mm Hg) and −5.27 mm Hg (CI, −3.05 to −7.49 mm Hg), respectively, in persons with hypertension and −2.34 mm Hg (CI, 0.48 to −5.17 mm Hg) and −1.28 mm Hg (CI, 0.52 to −3.07 mm Hg), respectively, in those without hypertension. Limitations: This trial did not examine whether the blood pressure reduction was due to protein or isoflavones in soybean. Conclusions: Soybean protein supplementation resulted in a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that increased intake of soybean protein may play an important role in preventing and treating hypertension.
Three Criteria for Ecological Fallacy
Authors: Alvaro J. Idrovo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

mental design may under lie observed differ ences in sensitivity to detect neuro toxicity, possibly because of differences in bio kinetics and exposure during sensitive windows of development.Fortunately, much effort is tak ing place in the scientific community to opti mize experi mental designs at different levels of biological complexity, including (develop mental) neuro behavioral studies.Although a critical review on the impact of different experi mental designs for in vivo (developmen tal) neuro toxicity studies would be very use ful, it was beyond the scope of our review (Dingemans et al. 2011).
Contempo: Pediatrics-Reply
Authors: Vincent A. Fulginiti
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —We thank Shapiro et al for pointing out the importance of current issues in pediatrics and of critical interest for children's health and welfare. We appreciate their observations concerning our contribution to Contempo. However, we disagree with their assessment of what we should have done. I have been contributing to Contempo for almost a decade now and usually have followed the format of a survey of the discipline at that moment. This time, we believed that what was happening in genetics was not an isolated phenomenon, applying to only a few individuals, but had the potential for affecting the very fabric of medicine, pediatrics, and preventive medicine. Given the space limitations of a Contempo article and given the scant attention that these revolutionary and rapidly developing advances in genetic science and medicine have received in the professional pediatric literature, we felt it important to highlight them for the
Preservation of the Chief Medical Residency
Authors: Robert S. Crausman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters19 January 1999Preservation of the Chief Medical ResidencyRobert S. Crausman, MD, MMS and Yul D. Ejnes, MDRobert S. Crausman, MD, MMSBrown University School of Medicine; Pawtucket, RI 02850 (Crausman)Pawtucket, RI 02850 (Ejnes)Search for more papers by this author and Yul D. Ejnes, MDBrown University School of Medicine; Pawtucket, RI 02850 (Crausman)Pawtucket, RI 02850 (Ejnes)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In 1997, we wrote to inform the Annals readership of a serious threat to the medical chief residency (1). At that time, Blue Cross of Rhode Island, our Medicare intermediary, informed our institution that their interpretation of the relevant sections of the Federal Register led them to conclude that chief medical residents in their fourth year of training were neither residents nor fellows for the purpose of graduate medical education funding. As such, they indicated that they were going to cease counting chief medical residents for graduate medical education reimbursement. For smaller training programs less able to ...References1. Crausman RS, Lain R. A serious threat to the medical chief residency [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:248-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. The Federal Register. 29 September 1989; 54, P40305. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brown University School of Medicine; Pawtucket, RI 02850 (Crausman)Pawtucket, RI 02850 (Ejnes) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 2Page: 166KeywordsCommunication in health careGraduate medical educationHealth careMedical educationMedicareResidency Issue Published: 19 January 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Toward Better Treatment for Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Frédéric A. Houssiau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototypical autoimmune disease that can potentially involve every organ. Its clinical spectrum is therefore extremely heterogeneous and varies from relatively mild cases (e.g., involving only the skin or joints) to life-threatening manifestations, with renal impairment, severe cytopenias, or central nervous system disease, not to mention an increased rate of thromboembolic events.1 Kidney involvement (mainly glomerulonephritis) occurs in at least one third of patients with lupus and significantly affects survival.2 The initial clinical presentation of lupus nephritis ranges from asymptomatic proteinuria discovered on routine urinalysis to the nephrotic syndrome with or without renal impairment. Histologic examination . . .
Immunologic Diagnosis and Prognosis of Human Digestive-Tract Cancer: Carcinoembryonic Antigens
Authors: N. Zamcheck, T. L. Moore, P. Dhar, H. Kupchik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

MALIGNANT tumors form antigens thought to be "specific" — i.e., not present in nonmalignant tissues or present in lesser or inconsequential amounts. Immunochemical methods detect minute amounts of these antigens in the blood or in alimentary secretions of patients with cancer of the digestive system. Several of these antigens have been found in fetal tissues, thereby establishing a link between fetal biology and tumor pathogenesis.1,2These tumor associated antigens include the following*: (1) alpha-fetoglobulin, a test that is diagnostic (with some exceptions) for hepatoma of the liver3,4; (2) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a glycoprotein found by Gold et al. in . . .
Inactivation of Lrg-47 and Irg-47 Reveals a Family of Interferon γ–Inducible Genes with Essential, Pathogen-Specific Roles in Resistance to Infection
Authors: Carmen M. Collazo, George S. Yap, Gregory D. Sempowski, Kimberly C. Lusby, Lino Tessarollo, George F. Vande Woude, Alan Sher, Gregory A. Taylor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

The cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ regulates immune clearance of parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, a family of IFN-γ–induced genes has been identified that encode 48-kD GTP-binding proteins that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum of cells. The prototype of this family, IGTP, has been shown to be required for host defense against acute infections with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, but not for normal clearance of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). To determine whether other members of the gene family also play important roles in immune defense, we generated mice that lacked expression of the genes LRG-47 and IRG-47, and examined their responses to representative pathogens. After infection with T. gondii, LRG-47–deficient mice succumbed uniformly and rapidly during the acute phase of the infection; in contrast, IRG-47–deficient mice displayed only partially decreased resistance that was not manifested until the chronic phase. After infection with L. monocytogenes, LRG-47–deficient mice exhibited a profound loss of resistance, whereas IRG-47–deficient mice exhibited completely normal resistance. In addition, both strains displayed normal clearance of MCMV. Thus, LRG-47 and IRG-47 have vital, but distinct roles in immune defense against protozoan and bacterial infections.
Neurolinguistic models and fossil reconstructions
Authors: Merlin Donald
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Hominid-like morphology in habiline cranial endocasts does not necessarily imply the presence of language capacity. The cortical zone in question is not associated exclusively with language in humans, and its emergence in habilines might indicate the evolution of other cognitive functions special to humans that were preconditions for the later evolution of language.
Arthroscintigraphy with technetium albumin in diagnosis of pseudophlebitis (Baker's) cyst.
Authors: A E Watkins, K P Poulose, R C Reba
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Case ReportAn 83-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with-a fracture of the.neck of the right femur.Before admission she was being treated for arthritis with the following: Safapryn six tablets, phenylbutazone' 300 mg, ampicillin' 1 g, and ethylestrenol 2 mg daily and nitrazepam 5 mg nightly.. These, drugs were continued throughout her stay in hospital.An Austi'n-Moore prosthesis was inserted at operation on the right hip.She was recovering satisfactorily until her general condition unexpectedly deteriorated 22 days.after admission and she died 24 hours later.
Action on alcohol.
Authors: G H Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

in the short term can reduce the protein loss from the stomach.3-Varioustreatments that can lower hydrogen ion secretion by the gastric mucosa-long-term propantheline,7 vagotomy,'; and cimetidine5-have also decreased protein loss, relieved symptoms, and, in the case of cimetidine and vagotomy, lead to mucosal improvement, though hypo- secretion of acid is a prerequisite for making the diagnosis.The fibrinolysis inhibitor tranexamic acid has been reported to relieve symptoms, reduce protein loss, and lead to mucosal recovery, 9 although here also spontaneous recovery cannot be excluded.What is clear from reports is that treatment should be expectant, with therapeutic trials of the various agents that have been shown to be of value in some cases.Surgery should be reserved for certain definite indications- namely, prolonged intractable symptoms with severe hypoproteinaemic oedema, gastric bleeding, and neoplastic change.10A patient under our care at Hammersmith Hospital indicated the value of expectant treatment.A 29-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting, cpigastric pain, weight loss, and hypoproteinaemic oedema.She failed to show any definite improvement with anticholinergics and tranexamic acid.With encouragement and symptomatic treatment she improved over three months so that she was without symptoms and could return to work although her gastric mucosa was unchanged.We cannot be sure that surgery may not be necessary at some time, but at least she was spared a total gastrectomy at her initial presentation, when many would have been tempted to perform it.
290 Barium esophagogram (BE) versus upper endoscopy (EGD) for the screening of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with compensated cirrhosis — a blinded prospective study
Authors: E FARBER, D FISHER, R ELIAKIM, N BECKRAZI, A ANGEL, E VEITZMAN, I CHERMESH, C YASSIN, D GAITINI, M LIBAS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)