tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving reperfusion after myocardial infarction
Authors: I. B A Menown, A A J. Adgey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

After fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction full antegrade perfusion (TIMI 3 flow) at 90 minutes occurs in only 29-54% of patients,1 while reocclusion occurs in at least 12%, with increased morbidity and mortality.2 Fibrinolytic therapy may itself be prothrombotic through releasing clot bound thrombin, which in turn stimulates platelet activation Preclinical and early clinical trials have suggested that glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists (which prevent fibrinogen binding to platelets) used as adjuncts to fibrinolytic therapy may improve early patency and reduce the incidence of reocclusion. Though there are as yet no data showing a reduction in mortality from such use of these antagonists, a large randomised trial has recently confirmed the early findings on patency and suggests that adjunct treatment with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists may hold promise for the better management of myocardial infarction.

Over 100 agonists, including adenosine diphosphate, thrombin, and adrenaline, may activate platelets. All act via a final common pathway of activating the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on the platelet surface; binding of fibrinogen to these receptors then leads to platelet aggregation. Aspirin acts synergistically with fibrinolytic therapy to reduce mortality3 and may reduce reocclusion.4 But aspirin is a relatively weak antiplatelet agent, and platelet activation may still continue via pathways independent of thromboxane A2. However, studies have shown that …
A Method of Making Buttermilk
Authors: Alexander Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The use of buttermilk for several days or a week, to the exclusion of sweet milk, eggs or other food, is a simple and safe method of relieving the stomach which has proved useful and effective in many cases, especially when large quantities of sweet milk have been taken for a long period. It will be possible to return then to the former diet without difficulty. The physician is often asked where the buttermilk may be obtained. When a supply of known purity is not available from a dairy, it may interest some to know that there are small glass churns on the market with a capacity of from 1 to 4 quarts, for use in the home. By taking new whole milk, allowing it to thicken in a warm room for twenty-four hours and then churning for from five to eight minutes you will have,
Dissociation between back pain and bone stress reaction as measured by CT scan in young cricket fast bowlers
Authors: H B Millson, J Gray, R A Stretch, M I Lambert
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Background: Bone stress reaction is prevalent among cricket fast bowlers. Few studies have addressed the sensitivity and specificity of imaging for diagnosis, and follow up assessment has been poorly investigated. Objective: To determine whether there was an association between back pain and bone stress reaction as measured by computed tomography (CT) scan in young cricket fast bowlers. Methods: Ten young cricket fast bowlers were included in the study. Nine bowlers presented to a physiotherapy practice with low back pain and were later diagnosed with lumbar stress fractures, while one was an experienced bowler with no pain. All players had a CT scan after presenting to the physiotherapy practice. Pain was assessed according to a subjective scale (0–10) where 10 represented the player’s subjective, maximum pain score. Recovery and rehabilitation of all players was monitored until they returned to full participation. Results: There was no consistency in the relationship between pain and CT scan results. For example, one subject had evidence of un-united stress fractures after 15 months of rest but had experienced moderate pain for only 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms, in contrast to another subject who had intermittent pain for 11 months even though CT scan showed multiple stress fractures ranging from partially healed to fully healed status at 3 months. Conclusion: There is dissociation between back pain and bone stress reaction as measured by CT scan. Therefore, CT scan does not provide objective evidence for ongoing management or decision concerning return to sport in cricket fast bowlers.
The relationship of maximal alactacid anaerobic power to somatotype in trained subjects.
Authors: E Ergen, F Sardella, A Dal Monte
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between somatotype components and maximal alactacid anaerobic power (MAAP) in trained subjects. The somatotype components (endomorphy: means = 2.66, S.D. = +/- 0.78; mesomorphy: means = 5.45, S.D. = +/- 1.12; ectomorphy: means = 2.46, S.D. = +/- 0.88) and total MAAP were measured in 40 male fencers (aged, means 21.79, S.D. = +/- 3.97) in order to determine the correlations. The results did not show any correlations between the parameters. It can be concluded that the MAAP of an individual does not depend on the somatotype; but it may also be assumed that MAAP show changes with the percentage of fibre type, enzymatic activity in these fibres involved by large muscle groups which are relatively related to musculo-skeletal development (second component of somatotype) and neuro-muscular properties of the subjects, all having a genetic basis.
Antiretroviral-Drug Resistance among Patients Recently Infected with HIV
Authors: Susan J. Little, Sarah Holte, Jean-Pierre Routy, Eric S. Daar, Marty Markowitz, Ann C. Collier, Richard A. Koup, John W. Mellors, Elizabeth Connick, Brian Conway, Michael Kilby, Lei Wang, Jeannette M. Whitcomb, Nicholas S. Hellmann, Douglas D. Richman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Among persons in North America who are newly infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the prevalence of transmitted resistance to antiretroviral drugs has been estimated at 1 to 11 percent.We performed a retrospective analysis of susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs before treatment and drug-resistance mutations in HIV in plasma samples from 377 subjects with primary HIV infection who had not yet received treatment and who were identified between May 1995 and June 2000 in 10 North American cities. Responses to treatment could be evaluated in 202 subjects.Over the five-year period, the frequency of transmitted drug resistance increased significantly. The frequency of high-level resistance to one or more drugs (indicated by a value of more than 10 for the ratio of the 50 percent inhibitory concentration [IC50] for the subject's virus to the IC50 for a drug-sensitive reference virus) increased from 3.4 percent during the period from 1995 to 1998 to 12.4 percent during the period from 1999 to 2000 (P=0.002), and the frequency of multidrug resistance increased from 1.1 percent to 6.2 percent (P=0.01). The frequency of resistance mutations detected by sequence analysis increased from 8.0 percent to 22.7 percent (P<0.001), and the frequency of multidrug resistance detected by sequence analysis increased from 3.8 percent to 10.2 percent (P=0.05). Among subjects infected with drug-resistant virus, the time to viral suppression after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy was longer (P=0.05), and the time to virologic failure was shorter (P=0.05).The proportion of new HIV infections that involve drug-resistant virus is increasing in North America. Initial antiretroviral therapy is more likely to fail in patients who are infected with drug-resistant virus. Testing for resistance to drugs before therapy begins is now indicated even for recently infected patients.
On Loss of Speech, or the Power of Utterance, in Respect to its Cerebral Bearings and Causes
Authors: R. Dunn
Journal: BMJ (1869)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Increase in the size of human neocortex, acquired in evolution, accounts for the unique cognitive capacity of humans. This expansion appears to reflect the evolutionarily-enhanced proliferative ability of basal progenitors (BPs) in mammalian cortex, which may have been acquired through epigenetic alterations in BPs. However, whether or how the epigenome in BPs differs across species is not known. Here, we report that histone H3 acetylation is a key epigenetic regulation in BP amplification and cortical expansion. Through epigenetic profiling of sorted BPs, we show that H3K9 acetylation is low in murine BPs and high in human BPs. Elevated H3K9ac preferentially increases BP proliferation, increasing the size and folding of the normally smooth mouse neocortex. Mechanistically, H3K9ac drives BP amplification by increasing expression of the evolutionarily regulated gene, TRNP1, in the developing cortex. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown mechanism that controls cortical architecture. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> H3K9ac promotes basal progenitor amplification, neocortex expansion and gyrification by activating TRNP1 expression in evolution.
Peak Oxygen Uptake Correlates With Survival Without Clinical Deterioration in Ambulatory Children With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alessandro Giardini, Matthew Fenton, Rachel E. Andrews, Graham Derrick, Michael Burch
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Children stable at home with dilated cardiomyopathy remain at risk of death; there is evidence of survival benefit for transplantation out to 4 years postoperatively. The limited supply of donor organs makes risk stratification imperative, but although cardiopulmonary exercise test is well established as a powerful tool in adults with heart failure, no published studies have linked oxygen uptake to prognosis in children.Between 2001 and 2009, using cardiopulmonary exercise test and echocardiography, we studied 82 children (mean age, 13.5±2.3 years) with dilated cardiomyopathy. All were ambulatory, outpatients, and >120 cm in height. All children completed a symptom-limited maximal exercise test. Resting left ventricular shortening fraction was 20±9%; peak heart rate was 87±13% of predicted; peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)) was 67±22% of predicted; and ventilatory efficiency was 32±8. Follow-up was available for 100% of the children, and was a mean of 32.3±7.5 months. Eighteen patients reached the defined clinical end point of death or listing for urgent heart transplantation. On univariate analysis, left ventricular shortening fraction, peak heart rate, peak VO(2), peak systolic blood pressure, and ventilatory efficiency were all associated with adverse outcome. On multivariable Cox analysis, only peak VO(2) (P=0.003) was associated with the study end point. Patients with a peak VO(2) ≤62% of predicted had a higher 24-month event rate (50.6% versus 4.4%; hazard ratio, 10.78).We have demonstrated that a cardiopulmonary exercise test is feasible in ambulatory children with dilated cardiomyopathy who are >120 cm height and for the first time have linked peak VO(2) with outcome in children.
ROENTGENOLOGIC ASPECTS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF HERNIA
Authors: JAMES T. CASE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Here and there in our routine work, we have encountered cases of hernia in which the roentgen-ray examinations have been very interesting, and at times life saving. Some of these experiences have occurred with ordinary inguinal and postoperative ventral hernia and others with umbilical hernia; but the most striking have been found with diaphragmatic and intra-abdominal herniations. Relatively few of the cases have been studied definitely on account of the hernia; indeed, in many, especially in the small diaphragmatic and retroperitoneal hernias, there has been little in the clinical history or physical examination to suggest the existence of such an abnormality. It is also true that when these cases were worked out, it became evident that there was a definite relation between the hernia and the symptoms, which at first seemed so slightly related. The fact that these types of hernia are very rare should not discourage their study with
Concentrations of domestic mite and pet allergens and endotoxin in Palestine
Authors: N. El Sharif, J. Douwes, P. H. M. Hoet, G. Doekes, B. Nemery
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: A few studies have compared indoor allergens and endotoxin levels between urban and rural settings as important determinants for asthma and atopy in children. However, no study was done in the Middle East or investigated refugee camps. Methods: As part of a nested case–control study in Ramallah in 2001, we measured house dust mite and pet allergens, as well as endotoxin in dust collected from 110 children's mattresses and living room floors. Results: Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1) antigen were 4.48 μ g/g in mattress dust and 1.23 μ g/g floor dust. The highest Der p1 levels were seen in refugee camps. Concentrations of Dermatophagoides farinae antigen (Der f1) were much lower (&lt;0.08 μ g/g dust). Concentrations of cat allergen (Fel d1) were highest in villages, and those of dog allergen (Can f1) were highest in mattresses from cities and in floor dust from refugee camps. GM of endotoxin levels were 25.7 EU/mg in mattress dust and 49 EU/mg dust in floor dust. Conclusions: Concentrations of Der p1 were high compared to Western European countries, but were lower compared to UK and Australia. Levels of pet allergens were lower than in Western Europe. Endotoxin levels were higher compared to developed countries. Indoor environmental factors such as dampness seemed to be important determinants for allergen and endotoxin, but living habits such as lack of mattress cover appeared unimportant.
Joint hypermobility mimicking pauci-articular juvenile polyarthritis.
Authors: H A Bird, V Wright
Journal: BMJ (1978)

14 97 2±1 55 *Samples kept frozen for four years (38 reduction-see text).Conversioni: SI to traditional zinit2-Cholesterol: 1 mmol/l 39 mg,/100 ml.Triglycerides as triolein: 1 mmol,,'l 89 mg,'100 ml.Urate: 1 tmol/l 0017 mg/100 ml.
Increases in testicular cancer may be linked to the rise in maternal body weight
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A new epidemiological study has found that incidence of testicular cancer followed changes in maternal weight before, during, and after the second world war and may therefore be linked to maternal body weight.

During the war, when energy intake and weight went down, so too did the incidence of testicular cancer, according to the results of the research in the International Journal of Cancer (2005;116:327-30).

“Our results further support the notion that testicular cancer is an example of a civilisation disease associated with a Westernised lifestyle with increase in obesity, obesity associated cancer forms, and diabetes type 2,” say the authors, from the Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University College, and Rikshospitalet University Hospital.

Since the 1950s, the incidence …
Adhesive Capsulitis Mimicking Metastasis on 18F-FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Usama Salem, Liping Zhang, Jeffrey L. Jorgensen, Rajendra Kumar, Behrang Amini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 70-year-old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma underwent PET/CT for initial staging. There was avid focal asymmetrical uptake at the left shoulder, concerning for metastasis. Magnetic resonance imaging performed for further evaluation showed an enhancing soft tissue process at the rotator interval. Clinical notes indicated a 6-month history of progressive left shoulder pain and limited range of motion. The magnetic resonance imaging appearance and patient's symptoms were characteristic of adhesive capsulitis. We describe a new location of benign FDG avidity at the rotator interval due to adhesive capsulitis that can mimic neoplasm.
Linear erythema craquele due to acute oedema in anorexia nervosa.
Authors: N. Ishiguro, D. Hirohara, M. Hotta, K. Takano, M. Kawashima
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, We report two Japanese patients with novel cutaneous manifestations that arose after receiving nutritional intravenous infusions for anorexia nervosa. Patients 1 and 2 were women aged 19 and 24 years, respectively. The former had been suffering from anorexia nervosa since August 1998; the latter since 1995, accompanied by systemic lupus erythematosus. Several days after starting a 1700‐kcal diet and 1000 mL peripheral intravenous infusion in patient 1, and intravenous hyperalimentation in patient 2, they developed skin lesions. Examination revealed dryness, severe oedema and numerous linear, reddish or brownish erythematous areas, 2–8 mm in width, on their legs and/or feet with severe pain (Fig. 1). Both had additional non‐dermatological symptoms including amenorrhoea, hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension and muscle weakness. Laboratory data showed decreased white blood cell counts, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypotriglyceridaemia, low blood sugar, low triiodothyronine, low insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and anaemia. Their weight was about 50% of their ideal, with severe anorexia nervosa. We stopped the infusion of patient 1; the intravenous hyperalimentation of patient 2 had already been discontinued because of a bacterial infection at the site of needle insertion. We gave them 20% albumin and furosemide and treated them with heparinoid and/or Azunol® ointment (0·033% 1,4‐dimethyl‐7‐isopropylazulene, an anti‐inflammatory agent) topically. As the oedema decreased, their lesions improved with only residual hyperpigmentation but no scarring or atrophy after 1 month.
Stronger associations of sagittal abdominal diameter with atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions than waist circumference in middle-aged US white and Japanese men
Authors: Katsumi Nakata, Jina Choo, Michael J.S. Hopson, Hirotsugu Ueshima, J. David Curb, Chol Shin, Rhobert W. Evans, Takashi Kadowaki, Teruo Otake, Aya Kadota, Syaka Kadowaki, Katsuyuki Miura, Aiman El-Saed, Daniel Edmundowicz, Kim Sutton-Tyrrell, Lewis H. Kuller, Akira Sekikawa
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Deaths of drug addicts in the United Kingdom 1967-81.
Authors: A H Ghodse, M Sheehan, C Taylor, G Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A search of the Home Office index of notified drug addicts identified 1499 deaths during 1967-81, of which 226 (15%) were of therapeutic addicts--that is, patients who had become addicted during medical treatment with a notifiable drug--and 1273 (85%) were of non-therapeutic addicts. The crude mortality fell from 23.5/1000/year for the period 1968-70 to 18.4/1000/year for 1978-80. Altogether 416 addicts aged under 50 at notification died after 1972, which was 16 times the number of deaths expected in a population with a similar age and sex composition. A more detailed examination of the cohorts of addicts notified each year showed little variation between them in the first two years of follow up. Nineteen addicts (1.6%) had died by 31 December of the year of their notification and 39 (3.3%) one year later. These figures may be an indication of the clinical course of addiction. Most deaths of non-therapeutic addicts in which a drug was implicated (939 cases (74%] were due to medically prescribed drugs--barbiturates at first and later opiates such as dipipanone hydrochloride and dextromoramide. Heroin was implicated in only 65 (7%) of these deaths. The Home Office index is a valuable source for identifying drugs of abuse and serious problems of addiction. The fact that prescribed drugs are causing the death of so many addicts demands a response from the medical profession.
Serum Immunoreactive Leptin Concentrations in a Canadian Aboriginal Population With High Rates of NIDDM
Authors: Anthony J G Hanley, Stewart B Harris, X Joe Gao, Jeremy Kwan, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To better understand the relationship between leptin and the anthropometric and physiological variables associated with diabetes, we measured this protein in an isolated Canadian aboriginal population with very high rates of NIDDM.There were 728 individuals aged 10-79 years who participated in a population-based survey to determine the prevalence of NIDDM and its associated risk factors. Fasting blood samples for glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and leptin were collected; a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was administered and a second blood sample drawn after 120 min. Height, weight, and waist and hip circumference were determined, and percent body fat was estimated using biological impedance analysis. Fitness level was assessed in a subsample of individuals using a validated submaximal step test. The relationship between serum leptin and the other variables was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression.Serum leptin concentration was strongly correlated with adiposity, and levels were substantially higher in female subjects in all age-groups. For male subjects, percent body fat, fasting insulin level, and waist circumference were significant independent predictors of log serum leptin concentration in a multiple linear regression model (R2 = 0.582). For female subjects, these variables plus glucose tolerance status were included in the final model (R2 = 0.633). Fitness level, when included with the main effects of the above models, was a significant predictor for male subjects only.In an isolated aboriginal community with high rates of diabetes, we found significant independent relationships between leptin and percent body fat and between leptin and fasting insulin. As documented in other populations, the higher leptin concentration among female subjects may reflect differential leptin production from different adipose tissue beds, or leptin resistance. Independent relationships also existed among leptin and glucose tolerance status in female subjects and fitness level in male subjects.
Further Studies of Porcine Malignant Hyperthermia
Authors: L. W. Hall, C. M. Trim, N. Woolf
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A non-lethal procedure for identifying pigs apt to develop malignant hyperthermia is described. Susceptible animals were exposed to a variety of anaesthetic and other agents and it was shown that thiopentone sodium and CT 1341 (Glaxo) afforded a measure of protection against the development of the syndrome. Pretreatment with procaine did not prevent the onset of the condition and the administration of procaine when muscle rigidity was present failed to prevent a fatal outcome. The syndrome was induced in susceptible animals by halothane, chloroform, and a combination of halothane with suxamethonium. The effects of cyclopropane in susceptible pigs could not be predicted, and other tests showed that suxamethonium alone would not induce muscle contracture. Pretreatment with lignocaine failed to prevent induction of the syndrome by halothane.We believe that the porcine syndrome may result from more than one defect and that in one particular type the most effective treatment is immediate cooling coupled with the administration of sodium bicarbonate.