tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potentiation of Smooth Muscle Contraction by Adrenal Steroids
Authors: NOBLE O. FOWLER, NORA H.F. CHOU
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The rabbit aortic strip preparation of Furchgott was used to test the effect of adrenal steroids upon the muscle contraction produced by 0.1 to 0.2 µ g. of levarterenol. The steroids tested were corticosterone, hydrocortisone, aldosterone acetate, androsterone, and dehydroisoandrosterone. Amounts of 1 to 300 µ g. were added to the 20-ml. muscle bath. Potentiation was produced by each steroid; the percentage increase of amplitude of contraction was from 36.1 to 74.2 percent. Corticosterone produced consistent potentiation in amounts as small as 5 µ g.; 200 µ g. of aldosterone acetate was required to produce potentiation. Maximum potentiation was produced by hydrocortisone. The observed potentiation may be due to an effect of adrenal steroids upon transcellular sodium and potassium gradients.
Theranostic Oxygen Delivery Using Ultrasound and Microbubbles
Authors: James J. Kwan, Mehmet Kaya, Mark A. Borden, Paul A. Dayton
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Means to overcome tumor hypoxia have been the subject of clinical investigations since the 1960's; however these studies have yet to find a treatment which is widely accepted.It has been known for nearly a century that hypoxic cells are more resistant to radiotherapy than aerobic cells, and tumor hypoxia is a major factor leading to the resistance of tumors to radiation treatment as well as several cytotoxic agents.In this manuscript, the application of ultrasound combined with oxygen-carrier microbubbles is demonstrated as a method to locally increase dissolved oxygen.Microbubbles can also be imaged by ultrasound, thus providing the opportunity for image-guided oxygen delivery.Simulations of gas diffusion and microbubble gas exchange show that small amounts (down to 5 vol%) of a low-solubility osmotic gas can substantially increase microbubble persistence and therefore production rates and stability of oxygen-carrier microbubbles.Simulations also indicate that the lipid shell can be engineered with long-chain lipids to increase oxygen payload during in vivo transit.Experimental results demonstrate that the application of ultrasound to destroy the microbubbles significantly enhances the local oxygen release.We propose this technology as an application for ultrasound image-guided release of oxygen directly to hypoxic tissue, such as tumor sites to enhance radiotherapy.
Epidermal growth factor receptor and caveolin-1 coexpression identifies adult supratentorial ependymomas with rapid unfavorable outcomes
Authors: R. Senetta, C. Miracco, S. Lanzafame, L. Chiusa, R. Caltabiano, A. Galia, G. Stella, P. Cassoni
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2010)

Supratentorial ependymomas account for a minority of intracranial ependymomas, which still have uncertain prognostic markers. Among them, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis. In glioblastoma cells, EGFR function has been reported to be regulated by its migration from cell membrane infoldings called caveolae and by its colocalization with the caveolae-associated protein caveolin-1 (cav-1). Therefore, we decided to investigate cav-1 expression and coexpression with EGFR in a series of adult intracranial ependymomas. We analyzed 22 adult supratentorial ependymomas and compared tumor grades as determined by the WHO classification and patient survival rates with the expression of EGFR, cav-1, and p53 and the values of the proliferation marker Ki-67, all tested by immunohistochemistry; in addition, we investigated the mutational profile of cav-1. The results demonstrate that the tumor grade is directly correlated with EGFR, Ki-67, and cav-1 expression only, whereas (by univariate analysis) the expression of all the studied markers, as well as the tumor histological grade, significantly correlated with the patient's overall survival (OS). By multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, among all variables considered, cav-1 was the only independent prognostic marker related to OS (relative risk = 13.92; P = .013). Among grade II ependymomas, only cav-1 correlated with poor OS (P = .011), distinguishing 2 distinct subgroups of tumors with different outcomes despite sharing identical grading. All the patients studied carried wild-type cav-1 sequences, demonstrating that cav-1 overexpression is not driven by activating mutations, as previously reported in other tumor types. Interestingly, after stratifying all cases into 4 distinct groups according to cav-1 and EGFR expression (cav-1+/EGFR+, cav-1−/EGFR−, cav-1+/EGFR−, and cav-1−/EGFR+), the coexpression of cav-1 and EGFR identified a subset of patients with definitively poor prognoses. Further studies are needed to support this evidence on a larger scale and to clarify how cav-1 and EGFR interaction can influence tumor aggressiveness.
Oncogenic <i>BRAF</i> Mutation with <i>CDKN2A</i> Inactivation Is Characteristic of a Subset of Pediatric Malignant Astrocytomas
Authors: Joshua D. Schiffman, J. Graeme Hodgson, Scott R. VandenBerg, Patrick Flaherty, Mei-Yin C. Polley, Mamie Yu, Paul G. Fisher, David H. Rowitch, James M. Ford, Mitchel S. Berger, Hanlee Ji, David H. Gutmann, C. David James
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Malignant astrocytomas are a deadly solid tumor in children. Limited understanding of their underlying genetic basis has contributed to modest progress in developing more effective therapies. In an effort to identify such alterations, we performed a genome-wide search for DNA copy number aberrations (CNA) in a panel of 33 tumors encompassing grade 1 through grade 4 tumors. Genomic amplifications of 10-fold or greater were restricted to grade 3 and 4 astrocytomas and included the MDM4 (1q32), PDGFRA (4q12), MET (7q21), CMYC (8q24), PVT1 (8q24), WNT5B (12p13), and IGF1R (15q26) genes. Homozygous deletions of CDKN2A (9p21), PTEN (10q26), and TP53 (17p3.1) were evident among grade 2 to 4 tumors. BRAF gene rearrangements that were indicated in three tumors prompted the discovery of KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts expressed in 10 of 10 grade 1 astrocytomas and in none of the grade 2 to 4 tumors. In contrast, an oncogenic missense BRAF mutation (BRAFV600E) was detected in 7 of 31 grade 2 to 4 tumors but in none of the grade 1 tumors. BRAFV600E mutation seems to define a subset of malignant astrocytomas in children, in which there is frequent concomitant homozygous deletion of CDKN2A (five of seven cases). Taken together, these findings highlight BRAF as a frequent mutation target in pediatric astrocytomas, with distinct types of BRAF alteration occurring in grade 1 versus grade 2 to 4 tumors. Cancer Res; 70(2); 512–9
Mycosis fungoides: a dermatological masquerader
Authors: D. Nashan, D. Faulhaber, S. Ständer, T.A. Luger, R. Stadler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Mycosis fungoides (MF), a low-grade lymphoproliferative disorder, is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Typically, neoplastic T cells localize to the skin and produce patches, plaques, tumours or erythroderma. Diagnosis of MF can be difficult due to highly variable presentations and the sometimes nonspecific nature of histological findings. Molecular biology has improved the diagnostic accuracy. Nevertheless, clinical experience is of substantial importance as MF can resemble a wide variety of skin diseases. We performed a literature review and found that MF can mimic >50 different clinical entities. We present a structured framework of clinical variations of classical, unusual and distinct forms of MF. Distinct subforms such as ichthyotic MF, adnexotropic (including syringotropic and folliculotropic) MF, MF with follicular mucinosis, granulomatous MF with granulomatous slack skin and papuloerythroderma of Ofuji are delineated in more detail.
ENCCA WP17-WP7 consensus paper on teenagers and young adults (TYA) with bone sarcomas
Authors: M. Wilhelm, U. Dirksen, S.S. Bielack, J.S. Whelan, I.J. Lewis, H. Jürgens, S. Ferrari, K. Sundby Hall, A.M. Cleton-Jansen, D. Stark
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
IGF Binding Protein-1 and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Eeva S. Leinonen, Pekka J. Leinonen, Marja-Riitta Taskinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Results from a population-based survey Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic proficiency of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-III definitions (1,2) for the metabolic syndrome in a Mexican nationwide, population-based survey.Details of the sampling procedures have been previously described (3).The population was composed of 2,158 men and women aged 20 -69 years sampled after a 9-to 12-h fasting period.For the WHO criteria, insulin resistance was diagnosed if a nondiabetic case had fasting insulin concentrations Ն126 pmol/l (21 U/ml) (Ͼ75th percentile in Mexican adults).The ageadjusted prevalence was 13.61% for the WHO criteria (n ϭ 268) and 26.6% for the NCEP-III definition (n ϭ 574).After excluding patients with diabetes, the prevalence was 9.2 and 21.4%, respectively.The agreement between the definitions was assessed in 1,969 subjects; 189 cases were eliminated due to the lack of a urine sample.The number of abnormal cases was lower using the WHO criteria.Only 237 of the 545 subjects (43.4%) who fulfilled the NCEP criteria were diagnosed as affected using the WHO definition.Just 16 of 253 cases (6.3%) detected by the WHO definition did not fulfill the NCEP definition.The agreement between the criteria was moderate ( ϭ 0.507).On the other hand, the subjects diagnosed using the WHO recommendations had a worse profile than the cases detected by the NCEP-III definition only-they had a higher BMI and higher non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations.The demonstration of insulin resistance among the nondiabetic population caused the lack of agreement in 202 of the 242 cases that fulfilled the NCEP definition but failed the WHO criteria.Other reasons for disparity were the higher thresholds used by the WHO criteria; these differences explained the lack of agreement in 66 of the 152 cases with diabetes.In conclusion, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is influenced by the selection of the diagnostic criteria.The WHO criteria identified a lower number of cases than the NCEP-III definition.These differences were explained mainly by the inclusion of abnormally high insulin concentrations as a diagnostic criterion.However, the presence of insulin resistance may help to identify patients more severely affected (4).
Diversification of memory B cells drives the continuous adaptation of secretory antibodies to gut microbiota
Authors: Cornelia Lindner, Irene Thomsen, Benjamin Wahl, Milas Ugur, Maya K Sethi, Michaela Friedrichsen, Anna Smoczek, Stephan Ott, Ulrich Baumann, Sebastian Suerbaum, Stefan Schreiber, André Bleich, Valérie Gaboriau-Routhiau, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan, Helena Hazanov, Ramit Mehr, Preben Boysen, Philip Rosenstiel, Oliver Pabst
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Fatty acid oxidation inhibition with PPARα activation (FOXIB/PPARα) for normalizing gene expression in heart failure?
Authors: H RUPP, T RUPP, B MAISCH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Journal Article Fatty acid oxidation inhibition with PPARα activation (FOXIB/PPARα) for normalizing gene expression in heart failure? Get access Heinz Rupp, Heinz Rupp * Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany *Corresponding author. Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033 Marburg, Germany. Tel.: +49 6421 286 5032; fax: +49 6421 286 8964. Email address: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas P. Rupp, Thomas P. Rupp Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernhard Maisch Bernhard Maisch Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 66, Issue 3, June 2005, Pages 423–426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.03.023 Published: 01 June 2005 Article history Received: 23 March 2005 Accepted: 31 March 2005 Published: 01 June 2005
Ultrasonographic assessment of the diaphragm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Relationships with pulmonary function and the influence of body composition
Authors: Andrea Smargiassi, Riccardo Inchingolo, Linda Tagliaboschi, Alessandro Di Marco Berardino, Giuseppe Maria Corbo, Salvatore Valente
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Skeletal muscle weakness and loss of fat-free-mass (FFM) is one of the main systemic effects of COPD. Also diaphragm is involved leading to disadvantageous conditions and poor contractile capacities. We measured the thickness (TD) of diaphragm by ultrasonography to evaluate the relationships between echographic measurements, parameters of respiratory function and body composition data.

Material and methods: 24 patients (17 males) underwent: a) pulmonary function tests; b) echographic assessment of TD in the zone of apposition at various lung volumes (TDRV, TDFRC, TDTLC); c) bioelectrical body impedance analysis. BMI was calculated.

Results: Mean FEV1 as percentage of the predicted value was 49,6% (min 22%, max 86%). Mean BMI was 27 ± 5,3 Kg/m2 (min 17,2 max 38,8). TDRV, TDFRC and TDTLC measured 3.28, 3.58, 5.92 mm respectively. Reproducibility of measures was good (Ri=0.93, 0.93, 0.77 for TDRV, TDFRC, TDTLC respectively). All the TD were found correlated to FFM being the relationship greater for TDFRC (R2=0.51, p=0.0002). As regards lung volume IC, was found related to TDRV (R2=0.21, p=0.025), TDFRC (R2=0.16, p=0.05), TDTLC (R2=0.36 p=.002). No significant association was found between TD and TLC, FRC, RV. Using a multiple regression model TDTLC was found related to RV/TLC, FEV1/FVC and FFM (R2: 0,55 p: 0,004). Lastly, the difference between TDTLC and TDRV was closely related to FVC (R2=0.33, p=0.0036).

Conclusion: Ultrasonographic assessment of the diaphragm could be a useful tool to study the progression of the disease in COPD patients in terms of static hyperinflation and loss of FFM.
No association between the functional CARD4 insertion/deletion polymorphism and inflammatory bowel diseases in the German population
Authors: A Franke, A Ruether, N Wedemeyer, T H Karlsen, A Nebel, S Schreiber
Journal: Gut (2006)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, OMIM 601458) are represented by two main subtypes, Crohn’s disease (CD, OMIM 266600) and ulcerative colitis (UC, OMIM 191390). The first and most widely replicated susceptibility gene for CD is CARD15 (caspase recruitment domain family, member 15) that encodes NOD2 (nucleotide binding oligomerisation domain protein 2), a protein involved in the pathogen associated molecular pattern recognition system (for review see Schreiber and colleagues1). Identification of functional CARD15 variants revealed the important role of impaired barrier integrity and host defence in the pathogenesis of CD and other inflammatory diseases.1 Recently, an association between IBD and variants in the CARD4 gene, which encodes NOD1, a structural homologue of NOD2, has been demonstrated in the British population.2 In that study, McGovern et al identified the …
Cediranib in combination with mFOLFOX6 in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the randomised phase II part of a phase I/II study
Authors: T. Kato, K. Muro, K. Yamaguchi, H. Bando, S. Hazama, K. Amagai, H. Baba, T. Denda, X. Shi, K. Fukase, J. Sakamoto, H. Mishima
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
HLA-DRB1 polymorphism determines susceptibility to autoimmune thyroiditis in transgenic mice: definitive association with HLA-DRB1*0301 (DR3) gene.
Authors: Y C Kong, L C Lomo, R W Motte, A A Giraldo, J Baisch, G Strauss, G J Hämmerling, C S David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Familial clustering of autoimmune thyroid diseases has led to studies of their association with human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. One such gene implicated in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is HLA-DR3, but the association is weak and is contradicted by other reports. On the other hand, murine experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT), a model for HT, presents a clear linkage with MHC class II. Moreover, it is inducible with thyroglobulin (Tg), the common autoantigen in either species. Immunization of HLA-DRB1* 0301 (DR3) transgenic mice with mouse or human Tg resulted in severe thyroiditis. In contrast, transgenic mice expressing the HLA-DRB1*1502 (DR2) gene were resistant to EAT. Our studies show that HLA-DRB1 polymorphism determines susceptibility to autoimmune thyroiditis and implicate Tg as an important autoantigen.
The association football medical research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football
Authors: R D Hawkins, M A Hulse, C Wilkinson, A Hodson, M Gibson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Objectives —To undertake a prospective epidemiological study of the injuries sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons. Methods —Player injuries were annotated by club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs. A specific injury audit questionnaire was used together with a weekly form that documented each club's current injury status. Results —A total of 6030 injuries were reported over the two seasons with an average of 1.3 injuries per player per season. The mean (SD) number of days absent for each injury was 24.2 (40.2), with 78% of the injuries leading to a minimum of one competitive match being missed. The injury incidence varied throughout the season, with training injuries peaking during July (p&lt;0.05) and match injuries peaking during August (p&lt;0.05). Competition injuries represented 63% of those reported, significantly (p&lt;0.01) more of these injuries occurring towards the end of both halves. Strains (37%) and sprains (19%) were the major injury types, the lower extremity being the site of 87% of the injuries reported. Most injury mechanisms were classified as being non-contact (58%). Re-injuries accounted for 7% of all injuries, 66% of these being classified as either a strain or a sprain. The severity of re-injuries was greater than the initial injury (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions —Professional football players are exposed to a high risk of injury and there is a need to investigate ways of reducing this risk. Areas that warrant attention include the training programmes implemented by clubs during various stages of the season, the factors contributing to the pattern of injuries during matches with respect to time, and the rehabilitation protocols employed by clubs.
The Multiple Immune-Evasion Genes of Murine Cytomegalovirus Are Not Redundant
Authors: Daniel G. Kavanagh, Marielle C. Gold, Markus Wagner, Ulrich H. Koszinowski, Ann B. Hill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Both human cytomegaloviruses (HCMVs) and murine cytomegaloviruses (MCMVs) encode multiple genes that interfere with antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, and thus protect infected targets from lysis by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). HCMV has been shown to encode four such genes and MCMV to encode two. MCMV m152 blocks the export of class I from a pre-Golgi compartment, and MCMV m6 directs class I to the lysosome for degradation. A third MCMV gene, m4, encodes a glycoprotein which is expressed at the cell surface in association with class I. Here we here show that m4 is a CTL-evasion gene which, unlike previously described immune-evasion genes, inhibited CTLs without blocking class I surface expression. m152 was necessary to block antigen presentation to both Kb- and Db-restricted CTL clones, while m4 was necessary to block presentation only to Kb-restricted clones. m152 caused complete retention of Db, but only partial retention of Kb, in a pre-Golgi compartment. Thus, while m152 effectively inhibited Db-restricted CTLs, m4 was required to completely inhibit Kb-restricted CTLs. We propose that cytomegaloviruses encode multiple immune-evasion genes in order to cope with the diversity of class I molecules in outbred host populations.
Susceptibility of Mammary Tissues of “Genetically Resistant” Strains of Mice to Mammary Tumor Virus2
Authors: S. Nandi, M. Handin, A. Robinson, D. R. Pitelka, L. E. Webber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Journal Article Susceptibility of Mammary Tissues of "Genetically Resistant" Strains of Mice to Mammary Tumor Virus Get access S. Nandi, S. Nandi Department of Zoology and Its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Handin, M. Handin Department of Zoology and Its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Robinson, A. Robinson Department of Zoology and Its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. R. Pitelka, D. R. Pitelka Department of Zoology and Its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. E. Webber L. E. Webber Department of Zoology and Its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 3We are indebted to Vickie Brauer, Lawrence Nash, Gail Smith, and Melvin Arnaud for technical assistance, and to John Teale for the photographic work. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 36, Issue 4, April 1966, Pages 783–801, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/36.4.783 Published: 01 April 1966 Article history Received: 17 September 1965 Published: 01 April 1966