tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a directly observed six months fully intermittent treatment regimen for tuberculosis in patients suspected of poor compliance.
Authors: J A Caminero, J M Pavon, F Rodriguez de Castro, F Diaz, G Julia, J A Cayla, P Cabrera
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Although a priority for tuberculosis control is to achieve the maximum cure rate, compliance with chemotherapy in specific high risk groups (homeless, intravenous drug abusers, chronic alcoholics) is usually poor. METHODS: From January 1990 to December 1994 102 patients with tuberculosis (96 pulmonary, six extrapulmonary) who were poorly compliant with treatment were treated with a six month fully intermittent (twice weekly) directly observed regimen. They comprised 71 homeless subjects, 50 chronic alcoholics, 23 intravenous drug abusers, nine infected with HIV, and 11 who had previously abandoned a daily antituberculosis regimen; 53 had more than one of these risk factors. Treatment included isoniazid and rifampicin for six months and pyrazinamide during the first two months. Patients who failed to take their medication on two consecutive occasions were actively sought by telephone or by personal search. RESULTS: After two months of treatment 95 of the 102 patients had taken their medication regularly and 90 of them had negative cultures. Four of the remaining patients had negative cultures after three months. At the end of the six months 87 patients had completed treatment and were considered cured. Only 15 patients abandoned the treatment (13 of whom had more than one risk factor). Only three relapses occurred in the 102 patients at one year follow up and in the 88 patients followed for two years. Two patients required a change of treatment due to major side effects. Although intravenous drug abuse was the only predictor of non-compliance in the multivariate analysis, if the available variables in the second month of treatment were analysed, current poor compliance and abandonment of treatment in the past were found to be significantly associated with non-compliance. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the efficacy of this intermittent regimen and the effectiveness of a directly observed treatment programme.
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy: A Consensus Statement From the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
Authors: David M. Nathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Jellinger, Lebovitz, and Davidson (1), writing on behalf of the American College of Endocrinology/American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (ACE/AACE) Outpatient Glycemic Control Implementation Task Force, challenge the consensus treatment algorithm of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (2). I will attempt to answer each of their objections.

First, I will address the statement that the therapeutic A1C target should be <6.5% rather than <7.0%. The discussion of this point needs to be separated into microvascular and macrovascular outcomes. Regarding microvascular disease, there have been five studies in over 2,000 type 1 (3–5) and type 2 (6,7) diabetic patients demonstrating that there was virtually no development or progression of retinopathy and nephropathy over 6–9 years if mean A1C levels are maintained at <7.0%. In two of these studies (3,6), an intervention that lowered glycemia resulted in much less retinopathy and neuropathy, proving a causative relationship between control and improved outcomes.

Regarding macrovascular disease, there is an association with glycemia defined by oral glucose tolerance testing that extends down into the midnormal range (8). Regarding glycemia at more than one point in time, there are significant ∼2.5-fold increases in clinical cardiac events in individuals with A1C levels >5.0% in one study (9) or 4.6% in another (10) over 4 or 8–10 years, respectively. However, in addition to the impossibility of reducing A1C levels to these values, association must not be confused with causation. One of the only things I remember from the biostatistics course in the first year of medical …
Interrater Agreement when Assessing Alexithymia Using the Drawing Completion Test (Wartegg Zeichentest)
Authors: Carl-Erik Mattlar, Tomi Lindholm, Anne Haasiosalo, Päivi Vesala, Sari Rissanen, Helena Santasalo, Juha Veijola, Ville Lehtinen, Pauli Pnukka
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

Due to insufficient agreement regarding the definition of the concept of alexithymia, a number of theoretically different approaches have been used when assessing the phenomenon. Primarily psychiatric interviews and questionnaires have been used, but also projective tests, principally the TAT, and the Rorschach. In this study four independent assessments of alexithymia were made, using the Wartegg, for a cohort of 50 randomly selected subjects, acting upon the alexithymia description of von Rad. Intraclass correlations were on an average 0.77.
PINEWOOD SAWDUST AS A SURGICAL DRESSING
Authors: C. W. Cathcart
Journal: BMJ (1914)

OCT. 17, T914J I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JO-UsN',AL -M3auk\s contenided at a timlse when little or iio support was rthe*(omlling is thloroglily accepte(d for tlhe cuire of inguinial h1ernia.
THE EXECUTION OF ROBERT H. WHITE BY HYDROCYANIC ACID GAS
Authors: Edward E. Hamer
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Robert H. White was executed by hydrocyanic acid gas at the Nevada State Prison, June 2, 1930. A study of the heart and respiratory action was made at the time of the execution, a Bowles stethoscope being applied on the bare chest wall over the apex of the heart. The tube leading to the ear pieces on the outside of the prison wall was connected to the stethoscope while the prisoner was being strapped to the chair.  This was at 4:36 a. m. The heart action at that time was 108, strong and regular. The gas was started generating at 4:37½ At 4:38 the pulse rate was 120, regular and strong. A small inspiration was taken at 4:37¾ at which time the prisoner indicated that he smelled the gas. At 4:38 he took a very deep inspiration, turning his head toward the gas. He gave a spasmodic cough, his head
Identification of genes involved in hormone-independent prostate cancer by cDNA microarrays, followed by in vivo analysis of selected genes using tissue microarray analysis
Authors: S. Mousses, L. Bubendorf, J. Kononen, M. Bittner, Y. Chen, M. Kolmer, A. Elkahloun, P. Koivisto, T. Pretlow, P. Schraml, G. Sauter, O.-P. Kallioniemi
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Dual Roles for Coactivator Activator and its Counterbalancing Isoform Coactivator Modulator in Human Kidney Cell Tumorigenesis
Authors: Yun Kyoung Kang, Rachel Schiff, Lan Ko, Tao Wang, Sophia Y. Tsai, Ming-Jer Tsai, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Coactivator activator (CoAA) has been reported to be a coactivator that regulates steroid receptor-mediated transcription and alternative RNA splicing. Herein, we show that CoAA is a dual-function coregulator that inhibits G(1)-S transition in human kidney cells and suppresses anchorage-independent growth and xenograft tumor formation. Suppression occurs in part by down-regulating c-myc and its downstream effectors ccnd1 and skp2 and causing accumulation of p27/Kip1 protein. In this cellular setting, CoAA directly represses the proto-oncogene c-myc by recruiting HDAC3 protein and decreasing both the acetylation of histone H3 and the presence of RNA polymerase II on the c-myc promoter. Interestingly, a splicing isoform of CoAA, coactivator modulator (CoAM), antagonizes CoAA-induced G(1)-S transition and growth inhibition by negatively regulating the mRNA levels of the endogenous CoAA isoform. In addition, we found that expression of CoAA protein is significantly decreased in human renal cell carcinoma compared with normal kidney. Our study presents evidence that CoAA is a potential tumor suppressor in renal carcinoma and that CoAM is a counterbalancing splice isoform. This is, thus far, the only example of a nuclear receptor coregulator involved in suppression of kidney cancer and suggests potentially significant new roles for coregulators in renal cancer biology.
Rheumatoid Heart Disease
Authors: Edgar S. Cathcart, David H. Spodick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

CARDIAC lesions are known to occur in rheumatoid arthritis but have seldom been recognized before autopsy. The relation between rheumatoid arthritis and heart disease may not have been readily apparent for various reasons. Most clinical studies, for example, have intentionally excluded patients over fifty years of age and those assumed to have arteriosclerotic heart disease. Other studies are difficult to evaluate because they include patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Though rheumatoid arthritis may manifest itself at any age certain distinctive clinical differences between the adult and juvenile forms suggest that they might well be considered apart. It . . .
Bush moves to tighten security around scientific research
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In the wake of the anthrax attacks last October ( BMJ 2001;323:942, 951), the Bush administration has been taking measures to improve secrecy about science research, in the hope of keeping biological weapons out of hostile hands.

The move has been criticised by some scientists who think that it will threaten scientific advance and the spread of important information.

Explaining the new policy, Tom Ridge, director of homeland security, said: “We're working hard for a set of guidelines so terrorists can't use information that this country …
AN ASCITES TUMOR APPEARING DURING THE PASSAGE OF EPERYTHROZOON COCCOIDES IN MICE
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

A strain of Eperythrozoon coccoides was maintained in a pure state for 16 months in unsplenectomized Princeton mice by the intraperitoneal injection of parasitized blood, at intervals of 1 to 3 weeks. In the 39th passage three out of five mice developed marked ascites with innumerable neoplastic cells in the peritoneal fluid. By passage of this fluid the tumor cells and the eperythrozoon were transferred together, with the rapid development of ascites and early death of the animals. On continued passage of ascitic fluid and blood from the mice of the 39th successive group both the tumor and the eperythrozoon were ultimately obtained in a pure state. Development of the passaged tumor was uninfluenced by the eperythrozoon but growth of the latter appeared enhanced in the presence of the neoplastic cells. Throughout 50 passages in mice the ascites tumor has not altered in character. The intraperitoneal injection of ascitic fluid was irregularly followed by the appearance of tumor cells in the blood, the rate of the carriage being 26 per cent in sixty-five animals. The subcutaneous and intramuscular injection of the fluid resulted in solid, highly invasive, local growths which did not metastasize. The solid growths proved transferable in series yet after 20 passages still produced the ascites tumor on intraperitoneal injection of their cells.
Immunoreactive beta-endorphin in a subpopulation of mouse spleen macrophages.
Authors: S J Lolait, A T Lim, B H Toh, J W Funder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Using radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence with antibodies to beta-endorphin (beta EP) and ACTH, we have shown that a subpopulation of mouse spleen cells, expressing Mac-1, a marker of macrophage differentiation, contains immunoreactive (ir)-beta EP, ir-ACTH, and smaller amounts of presumptive higher molecular weight forms of both. Neither nonadherent spleen cells, nor adherent or nonadherent cells from peripheral blood, contained detectable levels of these peptides. These findings suggest that beta EP and ACTH may be synthesized in a subpopulation of spleen macrophages, and are consistent with the possibility that these or related peptides may modulate lymphocyte function in the specific microenvironment of the spleen.
Recent trends in mortality from and incidence of myocardial infarction in Stockholm.
Authors: N Hammar, A Ahlbom
Journal: BMJ (1987)

La frequence de l'infarctus du myocarde presente une legere diminution dans le sexe masculin entre 1982 et 1984 (apres une augmentation anterieure depuis 1974). La mortalite semble diminuer aussi, toujours dans le sexe masculin
Myocardial cell death in fibrillating and dilated human right atria
Authors: Christine Aimé-Sempé, Thierry Folliguet, Catherine Rücker-Martin, Maryla Krajewska, Stanislaw Krajewski, Michèle Heimburger, Michel Aubier, Jean-Jacques Mercadier, John C Reed, Stephane N Hatem
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Applications of Computer-Based Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Robert B. Elson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medicine against society. Lessons from the Third Reich
Authors: J. A. Barondess
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The engagement of German biomedicine in the design and execution of Nazi programs of "racial cleansing" was extensive and was organized by physicians and other professional leaders. In its active involvement and acquiescence, the German medical profession, one of the most sophisticated and respected medical enterprises in the world, dishonored itself and raised profound and persisting questions about the nature, strength, and relevance of the medical ethos and the relationship between medicine and the policies and programs of the state. Efforts to examine the history of German medicine under National Socialism are increasing in scale and number and involve German scholars to an important and expanding extent. Today, many bioethical issues, based on an increasingly sophisticated science and technology, confront medicine. A major lesson from the Nazi era is the fundamental ethical basis of medicine and the importance of an informed, concerned, and engaged profession.
Abstract LB-450: Necrosis predicts benefit from hypoxia-modifying therapy in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Joely J. Irlam-Jones, Amanda Williamson, Janet Taylor, Helen Denley, Shailesh Agrawal, Ananya Choudhury, David Ryder, Ana M. Rojas, Peter J. Hoskins, Crispin J. Miller, Jonathan J. Ord, Adrian L. Harris, Catharine M.L. West
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract To investigate the ability of tumor necrosis to predict benefit following radiotherapy with and without hypoxia-modifying treatment in high grade urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Background: There is no predictive marker of hypoxia-modifying therapy in cancer patients in routine clinical use. Methods: We identified 231 patients who participated in the BCON phase III randomised trial comparing radical radiotherapy (RT) with and without carbogen and nicotinamide (CON) in patients with urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder who were suitable for this retrospective study. Tumor necrosis was scored on whole tissue sections as absent or present. Results: Tumor necrosis was identified in 121 of the 231 patients (52%). 5-year overall survival estimates were 41% for the RT arm and 48% for the CON arm (log rank p=0.14). When stratified using tumor necrosis, the 5-year overall survival estimates were 48% (RT) and 39% (CON) (log rank p =0.32) in patients with no evident tumor necrosis, and 34% (RT) and 56% (CON) (log rank p=0.004) in patients with tumor necrosis. Multivariate analyses showed that the presence of tumor necrosis was a significant predictor of benefit from CON with the risk of dying 57% lower compared to RT alone (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.73, p=0.002). This trend was not observed when there is no evident tumour necrosis (HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.95-2.85, p=0.08). Test for heterogeneity in treatment effect by necrosis strata (p=0.007 unadjusted, p=0.001 adjusted). Conclusions: Tumor necrosis significantly predicts benefit from radiotherapy with hypoxia-modifying treatment. Independent validation in a prospective trial is warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-450. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-450
Tandem duplication of theMLL gene in myelodysplastic syndrome-derived overt leukemia with trisomy 11
Authors: Katsuya Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Hamaguchi, Kaoru Nagata, Masaru Kobayashi, Masafumi Taniwaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Trisomy 11 as a sole chromosomal abnormality is a rare aberration observed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Recently a partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene, located on chromosome band 11q23, has been identified in de novo AML with trisomy 11. We describe a 72-year-old woman suffering from MDS-derived overt leukemia with trisomy 11 and a tandem duplication of the MLL gene. At first the patient was found to have myeloblasts with Auer rods in the peripheral blood and diagnosed as MDS, refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-T). After 2 months a picture of overt leukemia (AML; M2) developed as shown by an increased number of myeloblasts. Various chemotherapy regimens had little effect, and she died of disease progression 15 months after admission. During her clinical course, the chromosome analyses consistently showed 47,XX, +11. Southern blot analysis of leukemic blasts on admission and in accelerated phase revealed identical rearranged bands of the MLL gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis excluded the possibility of masked translocation of the MLL gene to other chromosomes. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis using a forward exon 6 primer and a backward exon 3 primer demonstrated an in-frame fusion of exon 8 with exon 2. Our results indicated that a partial tandem duplication of exons 2-8 of the MLL gene could be observed in MDS-derived overt leukemia as well as de novo AML with trisomy 11.
The Value of Combined Use of N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate and Ethanolamine Oleate in the Management of Bleeding Esophagogastric Varices
Authors: F. Thakeb, Z. Salama, H. Salama, T. Abdel Raouf, S. Abdel Kader, H. Abdel Hamid
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Recently, tissue adhesive material has been used to improve the initial control of bleeding from huge esophagogastric varices, and to prevent them from rebleeding, in contrast to the conventional sclerotherapy. The present study assessed the value of the combined use of the tissue adhesive substance: N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and ethanolamine oleate 5% for management of bleeding esophagogastric varices.One hundred and fourteen patients with documented active variceal bleeding at the time of endoscopy were alternatively randomized into two groups. The combined therapy group included 58 patients who underwent injection using both cyanoacrylate for large esophageal and gastric varices and a sclerosant agent for remaining varices. The sclerosis, or control, group included 56 patients, who underwent injection with ethanolamine oleate.This study proved the value of the combined therapy for the initial control of all bleeders (the follow-up period ranged from 12 to 32 months). In the sclerosis group, failure of the initial control of bleeding was reported in two cases (3.6%). Recurrent bleeding occurred in 8.6% in the combined therapy group compared to 25% in the sclerosis group (p < 0.01). Two months of therapy was required to achieve complete eradication of varices in 56.5% and 21.4% in the combined therapy and the sclerosis group, respectively. The mean number of sessions needed until the time of evaluation was 2.4 +/- 1.1 in the combined therapy group versus 5.1 +/- 2.3 sessions in the sclerosis group. The difference showed high statistical significance (p < 0.01). Minor complications occurred less frequently in the combined therapy group. Only one patient in the combined therapy group developed portal pyemia after extension of the tissue adhesive material from the site of injection into the portal vein. This patient died of hepatic failure. The mortality in the combined therapy group was lower than that in the sclerosis group (3.5% and 8.8% respectively, p > 0.05).The combined use of tissue adhesive and sclerosant materials seems to be the best plan for rapid eradication of esophagogastric varices within a short time, requiring the lowest number of injection sessions and involving minor complications and low mortality.
The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation
Authors: Dorothy Nelkin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code</i>, an excellent and well-organized reader edited by George Annas and Michael Grodin, is about the "Doctors' Trial," convened to examine the gross abuses in human experimentation in Nazi Germany. From this trial emerged the Nuremberg Code, intended to establish the boundaries of research ethics and to set the agenda for future discussions of the ethical and legal issues involved in the conduct of human experimentation. The essays in this volume, by historians, philosophers, lawyers, and medical researchers, address the meaning of the Code and its impact—on American and international law, on current medical research practices and policies, and on ethical perspectives. The authors vary in their interpretations, reflecting continued disagreement over the actual influence of this Code, the meaning of such principles as informed consent, and the relevance of its guidelines in the context of current medical research and the urgency of problems
Atlas of Allergies
Authors: Noel Rose
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Many people proudly display their so-called coffee-table books to draw visitors' immediate attention — volumes on art, history, and other subjects, too large to fit in a bookcase, and characterized by rich, full-color illustrations. The<i>Atlas of Allergies</i>could be a coffee-table book for physicians. It is superbly illustrated with colorful charts, photographs, and diagrams, but, as in most such works, the text plays second fiddle to the pictures. The title sets the appropriate tone. The book deals with allergy as a disease, not a medical discipline. Its goal, clearly stated by Dr Patterson in his foreword, is to dramatize the "importance of diagnosis and management of allergic diseases for primary care physicians." This is not a book filled with details of the latest discoveries in allergy or one to be used as a reference source for the established specialist in allergy and clinical immunology (although allergists and clinical immunologists