tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limited Joint Mobility in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Dietmar Frost, Wolfgang Beischer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

To study the relationship of limited joint mobility (LJM) in type 1 diabetic patients with microvascular complications, hypertension, and early atherosclerosis and to determine whether sex has an influence on possible associations.A total of 335 consecutive unselected patients (191 women and 144 men), aged 14-40 years, were studied for LJM, retinopathy, nephropathy (stages III and IV), and hypertension. Standard laboratory tests were performed; the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries, which reflects the extent of early atherosclerosis, was measured by high-resolution ultrasound, and plaques were identified.The frequency of LJM was 33.7% (29.8% in women and 38.9% in men). Subjects with LJM had a longer diabetes duration (P < 0.001) than those without (women 16.7 +/- 9.1 vs. 10.3 +/- 6.0 years; men 15.0 +/- 9.0 vs. 9.4 +/- 6.3 years). Age, HbA1c, lipids, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure were not different between men and women with or without LJM. Men with LJM had a higher albumin excretion rate (37.1 vs. 13.1 microg/min, P < 0.05) than those without LJM and showed a higher risk of proteinuria (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7; P < 0.05), retinopathy (2.4, 1.7-3.5; P < 0.001), and hypertension (1.7, 1.2-2.6; P < 0.05). The occurrence of these complications was not different between women with and without LJM, but only women with LJM had a greater IMT (0.59 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.55 +/- 0.10 mm, P < 0.05) and a higher risk of plaques (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4; P < 0.05) than women without LJM. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and diabetes duration, male sex independently predicted the presence of LJM. Moreover, LJM proved to be an independent predictor of retinopathy in men only.LJM is an indicator of microvascular disease in men, and LJM is associated with early macrovascular disease in women.
Book Review Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance By John M. Riddle. 245 pp., illustrated. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1992. $39.95. 0-674-16875-5 Contraception: Newer Pharmacological Agents, Devices, and Delivery Systems Edited by Regine Sitruk-Ware and C. Wayne Bardin. 228 pp., illustrated. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1992. $99.75. 0-8247-8700-5
Authors: Carl Djerassi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Bacteriuria and Autonomic Nerve Function in Diabetic Women
Authors: J S Sawers, W A Todd, H A Kellett, R S Miles, P L Allan, P J Ewing, B F Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Significant bacteriuria (viable count ≥105/ml) was found on single testing in 10% of 400 consecutive diabetic women aged 15–65 yr routinely attending a diabetic clinic. Twenty patients with and 21 without significant bacteriuria were then randomly selected for measurement of cardiovascular autonomic reflexes, bladder ultrasound, and mictiography. There were no significant differences between these two groups in age, duration and type of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea, and creatinine. Abnormalities of cardiovascular autonomic function were more common in the bacteriuric group (P &amp;lt; .01). Although the bacteriuric group voided a smaller volume of urine, none had evidence of increased residual bladder volume of urine on ultrasound. Diabetic women with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy appear to be at increased risk of developing bacteriuria. However, age is probably the most important factor influencing the prevalence of bacteriuria in diabetic and in nondiabetic women.
Withholding cardiopulmonary resuscitation: proposals for formal guidelines.
Authors: L Doyal, D Wilsher
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Working with members of the Royal London Trust and its medical council, Len Doyal and Daniel Wilsher have composed a set of guidelines governing the making of decisions to withhold resuscitation from patients. The guidelines describe the procedures that should be followed when giving orders for non-resuscitation and the clinical, legal, and moral criteria that should be satisfied before such orders are issued. The authors hope that these guidelines will be of help to those responsible for the creation of hospitals9 policies for non-resuscitation.
Expression of tumor necrosis factor-receptor superfamily members by lung T lymphocytes in interstitial lung disease.
Authors: C Agostini, R Zambello, R Sancetta, A Cerutti, A Milani, C Tassinari, M Facco, A Cipriani, L Trentin, G Semenzato
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Recently, a novel receptor superfamily has been identified whose members interact with a parallel family of ligands showing homology to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To investigate the role of these receptor structures in the pulmonary environment, we evaluated the expression of some members of the TNF-receptor (CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95/Fas, CD120a, and CD120b) and TNF-ligand (CD40L, CD70/CD27L, CD30L, and mTNFalpha) superfamilies by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) T cells recovered from healthy subjects and patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Lung T lymphocytes recovered from control subjects showed a slight expression of CD27 but did not bear CD30, CD40, CD120a, or CD120b antigens. CD27 expression was restricted to normal CD4+ cells. Fas antigen (CD95), which is involved in activation-driven T-cell suicide, and the ligand for CD27 (CD70) were weakly expressed by normal BAL T-cell subpopulations. In patients with sarcoidosis, the majority of pulmonary T lymphocytes were CD4+ cells that expressed low levels of CD27 antigen and an upregulation of CD95 and CD70 molecules. When we characterized lymphocytes accumulating in the lung of patients with HIV infection and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, we demonstrated that T cells accounting for the CD8 alveolitis bore TNF-receptor type 2 (CD120b) at high density and were CD70+ while CD40L, CD30L, or mTNF-alpha expression were not found. The discrete surface expression of the TNF-receptors and TNF-ligands on alveolar T-cell subsets suggests that these molecules play a role in the immune regulatory mechanisms that ultimately lead to the alveolitis in the pulmonary microenvironment of interstitial lung disease.
MECHANISM OF SIDE BRANCH JAILING IN BIFURCATION LESION: PLAQUE OR CARINA SHIFT?
Authors: Ji-Hyun Kim, Bon-Kwon Koo, Myung-Ki Seo, Seung-Jung Park, Kyung Woo Park, Hye-Young Lee, Hyun-Jae Kang, Hyo-Soo Kim, Byung-Hee Oh, Young-Bae Park, Chang-Wook Nam, Seung-Ho Hur, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Joo-Yong Hahn, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Seung-Jea Tahk, Woo-Young Chung, Young-Seok Cho, Dong-Ju Choi, Sung Jin Oh, Yasuhiro Honda, Peter J. Fitzgerald, William F. Fearon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Hemoglobin Sabine Beta 91 (F 7) Leu → Pro
Authors: Rose G. Schneider, Satoshi Ueda, Jack B. Alperin, Bernadine Brimhall, Richard T. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Hemoglobin Sabine (α2β2 91 leu → pro) comprises 8 per cent of the hemoglobin of a 16-year-old Scotch-English-German girl who has suffered from hemolytic anemia since infancy. The spleen was removed at 18 months. She has about 9 gm of hemoglobin per 100 ml, of which 12 percent is fetal, and a red-cell count of 2,500,000, with many reticulocytes and erythrocytic inclusions readily demonstrable on fluorescence microscopy. The erythrocyte half-time measured with 51Cr is four days. Hemoglobin Sabine is deficient in heme-binding capacity, is easily converted to methemoglobin and precipitates readily on mild heating or storage. Replacement of the leucine by a proline residue at β 91 in the helical position F 7 evidently disrupts the helical sequence of the globin molecule at a point adjacent to its chief heme contact. Hemoglobin Sabine probably arose as a mutation in the proposita.
To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association
Authors: J. W. Russey
Journal: JAMA (1883)

<h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> It always gives me pleasure to write to a man or body of men, who can appreciate an idea without a surgical operation. The matter about which I only wish to say a word has been broached many a time, and is now agitating the minds of the profession in various parts of our land, viz,: First—How much do we owe the alleged "manufacturing chemist?" Second—How much does he owe us? It furthermore has occurred to many of us, Dear Doctor, that the time when this clay can talk to the potter should pass. For a long series of years it has been the practice of the chemical clay (keeping up the simile) to tell the professional potter how it should be used. How it would act if it was not used as requested, and how the whole business would practically go to ruthless ruin unless the Esculapian
Neoadjuvant carboplatin in patients with triple-negative and HER2-positive early breast cancer (GeparSixto; GBG 66): a randomised phase 2 trial
Authors: Gunter von Minckwitz, Andreas Schneeweiss, Sibylle Loibl, Christoph Salat, Carsten Denkert, Mahdi Rezai, Jens U Blohmer, Christian Jackisch, Stefan Paepke, Bernd Gerber, Dirk M Zahm, Sherko Kümmel, Holger Eidtmann, Peter Klare, Jens Huober, Serban Costa, Hans Tesch, Claus Hanusch, Jörn Hilfrich, Fariba Khandan, Peter A Fasching, Bruno V Sinn, Knut Engels, Keyur Mehta, Valentina Nekljudova, Michael Untch
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
ON THE PRESENCE OF NUCLEASE IN CARCINOMA
Authors: Edward H. Goodman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

In spite of the voluminous literature that has been published on carcinoma, and the many researches devoted to this question, it is surprising to find how few investigators are studying the biochemistry of the cancer cell itself, or rather how few articles have appeared on this subject.The morbid anatomy and the microscopic pathology of the carcinoma have been assiduously and thoroughly studied, and researches along the less well known lines of parasitology and protozo61ogy have been conducted wi,th an ardor that is deserving of better results than have been apparent.Of late years, these well worn paths have been somewhat deserted, and attention has been directed to that part of the subject which has to do with the chemical activities of the living cancer cell.That the cancer cell behaves differently from any other cell of the normal organism there can now be no doubt.Petry ( I ) found that there was a great increase in'nucleoprotein in carcinoma, which he ascribed to the richness of the gland in nuclei, and in a later paper (2) he was able to show that autolytic changes take place by means of which diamino acids, hypoxanthin, lysin, tyrosin, leucin, and xanthin were produced.Beebe (3) demonstrated the presence of glycocoll, leucin, tyrosin, tryptophan, and in addition, found pentose in large amounts, also a peculiar carbohydrate which stained blue with iodin, but which, like glycocoll, was readily soluble in water.When hydrolyzed, it stained red with iodin and reduced copper.Neuberg and Milchner (4) have corroborated the high percentage of pentose in carcinoma.Wolff (5) found in cancer that there was more albumin than globulin, while in the majority of n.ormal organs the amounts were about equal.Bergell and D/Srpinghaus (6) discovered that diamino acids corn-* Read before the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, March 23, 1912.
Lack of diurnal variation in the onset of non-Q wave infarction.
Authors: N S Kleiman, K B Schechtman, P M Young, D A Goodman, W E Boden, C M Pratt, R Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Data concerning the time of onset of myocardial infarction were obtained for 540 of the 544 patients with creatinine kinase (CK)-MB-confirmed non-Q wave myocardial infarction enrolled in the multicenter Diltiazem Reinfarction Study. Data were also collected for 627 patients who were screened but excluded. Among the 1,167 patients, no diurnal pattern of onset could be found at either 2- or 6-hour intervals. Among the 540 patients enrolled in the trial, no pattern could be found at these intervals either, although at 8-hour intervals, 27% of infarctions occurred between midnight and 8:00 AM, compared with 37% between 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM and 36% between 4:00 PM and 12:00 AM (p = 0.02). In contrast to the patterns previously noted for Q wave myocardial infarction, there was no preponderance of non-Q wave infarction in the late morning. Circadian rhythm was also absent among patients not treated with beta-blockers as well as among patients presenting with ST segment elevation on their enrollment electrocardiograms. Diabetics, women, and patients with first infarction were more likely to present during the afternoon hours. We conclude that the late morning preponderance seen for Q-wave myocardial infarction is not discernable in patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction. This observation suggests that the pathogenesis of these two infarct subtypes is different or that the process of thrombotic coronary occlusion in Q wave infarction (sustained) differs from that in non-Q wave infarction (nonsustained).
Practical problems with the Clinitest.
Authors: P A Aspinall, A R Hill
Journal: BMJ (1979)

were enlarged and infiltrated.The urogenital, endocrine, reticuloendothelial, and central nervous system were macroscopically normal.In the chest there were bilateral small straw-coloured pleural effusions.Both lungs were rather voluminous but firm, with a granular appearance and texture.Histological examination of the formalininflated lungs revealed diffuse and focal interstitial fibrosis.Haematoxylin-van Gieson staining showed collagen in considerably increased amounts in the interstitium, with occasional areas showing even greater collagen deposition.Intra-alveolar fibrosis, as seen in organisation of proteinaceous exudates, was not evident.Some oedema was also seen.Occasional foci of plump expanded cells, probably of alveolar origin, were present, projecting into alveolar lumina.There was no evidence of Pneumocystis or fungi.A single very small focus of secondary adenocarcinoma was identified in one of numerous sections examined.These findings confirm that this patient had interstitial fibrosis.As other aetiological factors have been excluded, we feel that the interstitial fibrosis developed as a result of therapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C.
Mutation analysis of the HFE gene associated with hereditary hemochromatosis in African Americans
Authors: Kristin G. Monaghan, Benjamin A. Rybicki, Muhammad Shurafa, Gerald L. Feldman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Homozygosity for the mutation Cys282Tyr in the HFE gene has recently been identified as a cause of hereditary hemochromatosis, a disorder resulting in the inappropriate absorption of iron. Approximately 10% of Caucasians are heterozygous for this mutation; however, the gene frequency in African Americans is unknown. A study of a control population of African Americans was performed to determine the frequency of the Cys282Tyr and His63Asp alleles in this ethnic group. The carrier frequency for each mutant allele in our African American population was 3.0%. DNA studies of four African-American hemochromatosis patients did not identify any individuals with the Cys282Tyr allele. These findings suggest that if the Cys282Tyr mutation confers susceptibility to hemochromatosis in Caucasians (as suggested by recent studies) there is an alternative mechanism for hemochromatosis in the American black population. Am. J. Hematol. 58:213–217, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transformations in American Medicine From Benjamin Rush to William Osier
Authors: William K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This book is an excellent antidote for those who would graph the history of medicine as a continuously rising straight line of progress. One reads King's books to understand, not to take part in a chauvinistic cheering session or merely to amass names, dates, and facts. What King shows in this work are the gradual, and by no means regular, transformations of medical thinking from those associated with the 18th century to those of the 19th century. He does this by examining the birth and growth of trends in conception and theory and refers to details of treatment only to use them as illustrations. King writes about the rhythm of change, not revolutions. Along the way he draws on the writings of the well known as well as the works of many individuals who will be either little known or unknown to the reader. His wide knowledge of the literature,
Constitutive and inducible expression of HLA class II determinants by human osteoblast-like cells in vitro.
Authors: H Skjødt, D E Hughes, P R Dobson, R G Russell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Activated immune cells release cytokines which modulate the activity of bone cells in vitro. Expression of major histocompatibility complex (HLA in humans) class II determinants on bone surface cells may be important in local immune cell activation. In this study, expression of HLA-DR and DQ by cultured human bone cells (HBC) derived from normal trabecular bone surfaces was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and immunoperoxidase techniques using monoclonal antibodies. A subset of HBC (10-30%) expressed DR constitutively while 5-15% displayed DQ during long-term culture. HBC lacked a number of monocyte and lymphocyte markers. In addition, both DR+ and DR- HBC (FACS separated) produced osteocalcin stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1,25(OH)2D3). This suggests that both phenotypes belong to the osteoblast lineage. The number of DR+ HBC was increased by interferon-gamma (IFN gamma; 40-95% DR+ cells) whereas DQ+ HBC remained unchanged or was slightly increased (5-20% DQ+ cells). Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced IFN gamma-induced DR expression and at high concentration (10(-7) M) augmented DR expression by itself. Other major osteotropic factors, parathyroid hormone, interleukin 1, and calcitonin, did not affect HBC DR expression. The findings suggest that HBC may participate in activation of the immune system and that some osteotropic factors may regulate this function.
Reduced Intravascular Infection by Antibiotic Bonding
Authors: Neil A. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Kamal et al<sup>1</sup>state that their "data suggest that antibiotic bonding of catheters would be highly cost-effective," but the technique of cost-effectiveness analysis is never used. Furthermore, the researchers have failed to demonstrate clinically relevant and quantifiable gains in outcome by the intervention group and have not considered direct and indirect costs of the two competing strategies. The article also raises the issue of conflict of interest in cost-effectiveness analysis. Health economists have recently begun to question the practice of conducting cost-effectiveness analyses that are sponsored by third parties who have a vested interest in the outcome, and they have suggested guidelines to maintain high standards.<sup>2</sup>Because Kamal et al promoted a single catheter type and prominently displayed the brand name in the accompanying photograph, the potential for financial gain to the manufacturer cannot be ignored. As questions about medical resource allocation grow in importance,
The efficacy and tolerability of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: A. Boner, L Sette, L. Martinati, R. K. Sharma, D. H. Richards
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) contains fluticasone propionate, which is a new topically active glucocorticoid with approximately twice the potency of beclomethasone dipropionate. In this European multicentre study, 143 children with seasonal allergic rhinitis were recruited: 47 received FPANS 100 jag once a day (od), 46 received FPANS 200 μg od, and 50 patients received placebo od, for 4 weeks. Treatment efficacy was assessed using diary card nasal symptom scores for sneezing, rhinorrhoea, blockage and itching, and eye watering/irritation. Patients receiving FPANS 100 μg or FPANS 200 μg demonstrated statistically significant improvements in median nasal symptom scores in all the symptoms recorded, when compared with placebo. There were no statistically significant differences between the FPANS 100 μg and FPANS 200 μg groups in improvement in nasal symptom scores. There was no effect on eye watering/irritation symptoms which could be attributed to either FPANS 100 μg or FPANS 200 μg when compared with placebo. Use of rescue antihistamine medication was significantly reduced in the FPANS 100 μg group when compared with placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in all three treatment groups, and the events reported were generally mild and related to the patients’ rhinitis.
Contribution of serum response factor and myocardin to transcriptional regulation of smoothelins
Authors: S RENSEN, P NIESSEN, X LONG, P DOEVENDANS, J MIANO, G VANEYS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective Smoothelin-A and -B isoforms are highly restricted to contractile smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Serum response factor (SRF) and myocardin are essential for contractile SMC differentiation. We evaluated the contribution of SRF/myocardin to transcriptional regulation of smoothelins.
The taxing case of Tom Daschle
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A lesson for the new president, perhaps with wide ranging consequences

The former US senator Tom Daschle seemed like the perfect candidate to lead President Obama’s effort for healthcare reform and to serve as his health and human services secretary. As a former Senate majority leader, Daschle knew both the players and the processes necessary to get legislation through Congress. He coauthored a book on healthcare reform and was passionately interested in the topic. And as one of Obama’s earliest supporters and advisers, he was likely to have the president’s confidence and attention. Daschle had led the Obama health transition team since the election; conducted numerous discussion sessions with citizens and experts on healthcare reform during the interregnum; and was awaiting Senate confirmation.

Yet, in a stunning reversal of fortune, this consummate insider felt it necessary to withdraw his name from consideration just days before he was likely to be confirmed by the Senate and sworn in. What happened and what does it mean for healthcare reform in particular and the president’s …
Water as a Cause of Angio-edema and Urticaria
Authors: Doris J. Rapp
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To  Editor.—  I have had two patients who definitely seemed to develop angio-edema or urticaria from  ingestion of water.  The first patient had her initial episode of urticaria and swollen joints about a week after she received penicillin at  age of 10 years. She subsequently had intermittent urticaria approximately every three months until she was about 12 years old. At that time, however, it became a daily problem. She was tentatively diagnosed as having possibly a collagen disease because she had tender swollen joints and body swelling associated with extreme fatigue. Steroids and antihistamines were ineffective. It was eventually ascertained that  family had installed a home water-softening unit about a month prior to  onset of her daily symptoms. Watersoftened water was immediately discontinued and within a week she was the best she had been in months. She accidentally drank water-softened water a month later and
The rhythm method
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The weekly print BMJ has a familiar rhythm, which those of you who start at the front and work steadily to the back may recognise.

At the front—indeed, most of the way through—we have lots of serious stuff. This week, for example, several articles consider the complexities of diagnosis. Wytze Lameris and colleagues studied 11 diagnostic imaging strategies for acute abdominal pain (doi:10.1136/bmj.b2431). Although computed tomography after radiography was the most sensitive investigation, they conclude that radiography followed by ultrasound, with computed tomography reserved for people with negative or inconclusive ultrasound results, is the best strategy, with good sensitivity and less exposure to radiation. …