tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intercellular coupling through gap junctions masks M cells in the human heart
Authors: C Conrath
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objectives: M cells have been described in many mammalian species. They are thought to be relevant for the genesis of long QT intervals, afterdepolarizations and for dispersion in action potential duration and in repolarization time. Their role in the human heart is subject to debate. Methods: We simulated action potential propagation in a strand of transversally oriented myocytes running from endocardium towards epicardium through the left ventricular free wall. The characteristics of the myocytes were either based on the Priebe–Beuckelmann ventricular cell model or on the Luo–Rudy ventricular cell model. The former model is based on the latter and includes adaptations in order to mimic the human ventricular myocyte. The amount and location of M cells as well as the intercellular coupling through gap junctions were varied. Also, we assessed action potential duration in a Langendorff-perfused explanted human heart and in a wedge preparation obtained from such a heart. Results: At low, but physiological intercellular coupling conductance, the inclusion of M cells leads to a much longer 'QT interval' in the simulations than in the in vivo or isolated human heart. Dispersion in repolarization time becomes unphysiologically large when M cells are included in the strand and is also substantially larger than in the in vivo or isolated human heart. At stronger intercellular coupling this effect disappears. Conclusions: The manifestation of M cells is absent in the human heart, probably by effective intercellular coupling, turning them functionally "invisible".
NHS England turns for policy advice to group funded by drug companies
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A lobbying company with links to a string of leading pharmaceutical and medical device firms was commissioned to write a draft report for the NHS that could help guide future health policy, it has emerged.

NHS England commissioned the Specialised Healthcare Alliance to consult with patients’ groups and voluntary and healthcare organisations to produce a report to feed into its five year strategy for commissioning a range of specialist services, the Independent newspaper reported.1

The alliance describes itself as a coalition of almost 100 patient related organisations, but it is funded entirely by …
A Case of Erysipelas Neonatorum Treated by Antistreptococcic Serum
Authors: E. A. T. Steele
Journal: BMJ (1895)

tions.He flinched when the serum was injected, and when- ever his eye was syringed.Fig. 2 represents his appearance on this day.On July 15th the swelling of the face was less in the morning; and diminished visibly during the day.He was ordered calomel gr.iij.He slept fairly well during the night, and on July 16th was much brighter, although still very weak and with a running pulse.The swelling everywhere was lees and much softer; the skin was becoming
Risk Factors for Delirium in Hospitalized Elderly
Authors: Joshua D. Schor
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine risk factors for delirium in elderly hospitalized patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort analytic study. Using a reliable and valid instrument for detection of delirium, we prospectively followed up a cohort of elderly patients admitted to an acute care hospital. Using standardized criteria, we collected risk factor data from patient medical records. <h3>Setting.</h3> —General medical and surgical wards of a tertiary-care hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Patients (n=325) were 65 years of age or older, from either a geographically defined community or a long-term-care institution. We studied those patients (n = 291) not delirious on first evaluation. Fifty-seven patients or their families refused participation. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Incidence of delirium and risk factors calculated as adjusted odds ratios (ORs). <h3>Main Results.</h3> —Delirium developed in 91 patients. By stepwise logistic regression, the independent risk factors for in-hospital delirium included prior cognitive impairment (OR, 8.97; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 3.99 to 20.14), age over 80 years (OR, 5.22; 95% CI, 2.60 to 10.46), fracture on admission (OR, 6.57; 95% Cl, 2.23 to 19.33), symptomatic infection (OR, 2.96; 95% Cl, 1.42 to 6.15), and male sex (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.19 to 4.84). Among medication groups, only neuroleptic use (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 1.82 to 10.45) and narcotic use (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.24 to 5.18) were independently associated with delirium. Anticholinergic use was not associated with delirium. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Delirium in hospitalized patients is most closely associated with factors already present on admission such as prior cognitive impairment, advanced age, and fracture. In the hospital, use of neuroleptics and narcotics and the presence of infection are less strongly associated with this syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:827-831)
Functionally recurrent rearrangements of the MAST kinase and Notch gene families in breast cancer
Authors: Dan R. Robinson, Shanker Kalyana-Sundaram, Yi Mi Wu, Sunita Shankar, Xuhong Cao, Bushra Ateeq, Irfan A. Asangani, Matthew Iyer, Christopher A. Maher, Catherine S. Grasso, Robert J. Lonigro, Michael Quist, Javed Siddiqui, Rohit Mehra, Xiaojun Jing, Thomas J. Giordano, Michael S. Sabel, Celina G. Kleer, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Rachael Natrajan, Maryou B. Lambros, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Former FDA commissioner is fined $90 000 for failing to disclose conflicts of interest
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Lester Crawford, former commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration, was last week fined $89 377 (£45 800; €67 000), sentenced to three years of supervised probation, and required to do 50 hours of community service by Judge Deborah Robinson of the US District Court for the District of Columbia.Last October Dr Crawford (below) pleaded (below) pleaded pleaded guilty to two charges: failing to report that he and his wife owned shares in companies regulated by the agency and filing false
Preoperative monitoring of warfarin in cutaneous surgery
Authors: A. Ah-Weng, S. Natarajan, S. Velangi, J.A.A. Langtry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Preoperative monitoring of warfarin in cutaneous surgery Get access A. Ah‐Weng, A. Ah‐Weng Department of Dermatology, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland SR4 7TP, U.K A.Ah‐Weng. E‐mail: allanahweng@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Natarajan, S. Natarajan Department of Dermatology, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland SR4 7TP, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Velangi, S. Velangi Department of Dermatology, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland SR4 7TP, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A.A. Langtry J.A.A. Langtry Department of Dermatology, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland SR4 7TP, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 2, 1 August 2003, Pages 386–389, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05506.x Published: 01 August 2003 Article history Accepted: 16 March 2003 Published: 01 August 2003
Drug treatment programmes should focus on recovery, says review
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

PET has been used to examine changes in neurotransmitter concentrations in the living brain. Pioneering PET studies on the dopamine system have used D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> receptor (D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub>) antagonists such as <sup>11</sup>C-raclopride. However, more recently developed agonist radioligands have shown enhanced sensitivity to endogenous dopamine. A limitation of available agonist radioligands is that they incorporate the short-lived radioisotope <sup>11</sup>C. In the current study, we developed the <sup>18</sup>F-labeled D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> receptor agonist (<i>R</i>)-(−)-2-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoroethoxy-N-<i>n</i>-propylnorapomorphine (<sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524). <b>Methods:</b> In total, 10 PET measurements were conducted on 5 cynomolgus monkeys. Initially, the binding of <sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524 was compared with that of <sup>11</sup>C-MNPA in 3 monkeys. Second, the specificity of <sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524 binding was examined in pretreatment studies using raclopride (1.0 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg). Third, a preliminary kinetic analysis was performed using the radiometabolite-corrected arterial input function of the baseline studies. Finally, 2 whole-body PET measurements were conducted to evaluate biodistribution and radiation dosimetry after intravenous injection of <sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524. <b>Results:</b><sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524 entered the brain and provided striatum-to-cerebellum ratios suitable for reliable quantification of receptor binding using the multilinear reference tissue model. Mean striatal nondisplaceable binding potential (<i>BP</i><sub>ND</sub>) values were 2.0 after injection of <sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524 and 1.4 after <sup>11</sup>C-MNPA. The ratio of the <i>BP</i><sub>ND</sub> values of <sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524 and <sup>11</sup>C-MNPA was 1.5 across striatal subregions. After administration of raclopride and d-amphetamine, the <sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524 <i>BP</i><sub>ND</sub> values were reduced by 89% and 56%, respectively. Preliminary kinetic analysis demonstrated that <i>BP</i><sub>ND</sub> values obtained with the 1-tissue- and 2-tissue-compartment models were similar to values obtained with the multilinear reference tissue model. Estimated radiation doses were highest for gallbladder (0.27 mSv/MBq), upper large intestine (0.19 mSv/MBq), and small intestine (0.17 mSv/MBq). The estimated effective dose was 0.035 mSv/MBq. <b>Conclusion:</b> The <sup>18</sup>F-labeled agonist <sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524 appears suitable for quantification of D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> receptor binding in vivo, and the results encourage extension to human studies. The longer half-life of <sup>18</sup>F makes <sup>18</sup>F-MCL-524 attractive for studies on modulation of the dopamine concentration—for example, in combination with simultaneous measurement of changes in blood-oxygen-level–dependent signal using bimodal PET/functional MRI.
Serum Calcium Derangements in Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: James P. Knochel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Hypocalcemia is a well-recognized biochemical sign of major rhabdomyolysis. Early observations by Meroney and Herndon in soldiers with massive injury and rhabdomyolysis causing acute renal failure suggested that the intensity of hypocalcemia varied directly with hyperphosphatemia and that the latter, in turn, varied with the severity of soft-tissue injury.1 Meroney's subsequent studies in dogs clearly established that calcium salts were deposited in traumatized skeletal muscle at a rate sufficiently rapid to explain the hypocalcemia.2 A number of studies since that time have confirmed the occurrence of calcium salt precipitation in injured muscle.In this issue of the Journal Llach and . . .
Medical Care in Prisons
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Improved medical care for prisoners in American jails not only would be a humane course of action, but also would serve the best interests of society as a whole. This is clearly demonstrated by the report entitled "Undetected Tuberculosis in Prison: Source of Infection for Community at Large" by William W. Stead, MD (p 2544). The lack of an adequate tuberculosis control program in one prison resulted in a high incidence of tuberculin skin test conversions and active cases of disease among its inmates. Society punished these prisoners twice, once by incarceration and a second time by illness. The second punishment was also inflicted on the family of one prisoner, for his undetected tuberculosis was ultimately transmitted to his wife and two children, one of whom died. Delay in reforming the prison's medical care program apparently was due to bureaucratic inertia, indifference, and perhaps incompetence. Medical direction and advice were
Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with atrial septal defect in comparison to heart catheterization and transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Okan Ekinci, Thorsten Dill, Thomas Neumann, Ruzica Maksimovic, Roland R. Brandt, Matthias Rau, Michael W. Weber, Christian W. Hamm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Precision in Description
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> "Male" escutcheon (235:524, 1976)? According to one study (<i>Br J Dermatol</i>73:61, 1961), only 4.7% of 3,858 young men had a horizontal upper border to the pubic hair. The escutcheon shown is surely female. In passing, the expression "unilateral testis" is an unhappy one. Every normal testis, indeed, virtually every abnormal one, is unilateral; it is in the nature of the organ to be so. A bilateral testis would be a most remarkable finding. What the authors meant was "absence of [the left] testis." Absence from the scrotum, at any rate. Finally, a "12-year-old... female" is, when human as in this case, more precisely identified as a "girl" than as a "female." The word is two letters shorter, and says precisely what is meant: an immature human female.
Prostacyclin and thromboxane in diabetes.
Authors: O Ylikorkala, J Kaila, L Viinikka
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Concentrations of the stable antiaggregatory prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and of the proaggregatory thromboxane A2 metabolite thromboxane B2 were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma from 53 diabetics. In 33 of these patients the ability of platelets to produce thromboxane B2 during spontaneous clotting was also studied. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were higher (p less than 0.05) in the diabetics (mean 107.7 +/- SE 7.6 ng/l) than in non-diabetic controls matched for age and sex (87.5 +/- 4.7 ng/l), and diabetics with microangiography (n = 28) and higher (p less than 0.01) concentrations (124.3 +/- 10.8 ng/l) than those without microangiography (n = 25; 89.2 +/- 9.3 ng/l). Plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations were also higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetics (mean 218.5 +/- SE 25.3 ng/l) than in the controls (127.7 +/- 9.8 ng/l), but this increase was not related to microangiography. The ability of platelets to generate thromboxane B2 did not differ between the diabetics (181.4 +/- 16.4 microgram/l) and controls (195.8 +/- 11.8 microgram/l). Platelets of diabetics with microangiopathy or taking oral hypoglycaemic agents (n = 19), however, produced decreased amounts of thromboxane B2 during clotting. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were not related to concentrations of glucose, haemoglobin A1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, magnesium, or creatinine. These results suggest that in diabetics with microangiopathy a balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 is shifted to dominance by prostacyclin.
TAC — A New Standard in Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer?
Authors: Edith A. Perez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Chemotherapy, an integral component of adjuvant treatment for women with resected node-positive breast cancer, improves disease-free and overall survival in many patients. Older regimens include such combinations as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil; doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide; fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide given in various doses and according to various schedules; and fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, among others. Standards of care continue to evolve, owing to the availability of new drugs and data from innovative clinical trials that have tested different combinations of existing and new agents.The taxanes (docetaxel and paclitaxel) have emerged as potent agents for the adjuvant treatment of early . . .
Tumor-cell resistance to death receptor–induced apoptosis through mutational inactivation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bax
Authors: Heidi LeBlanc, David Lawrence, Eugene Varfolomeev, Klara Totpal, John Morlan, Peter Schow, Sharon Fong, Ralph Schwall, Dominick Sinicropi, Avi Ashkenazi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION AS A CAUSE OF CHOLERA INFANTUM
Authors: PHILIP C. JEANS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A syndrome described under such titles as  infantum, alimentary intoxication and anhydremia has long been known. No universal agreement seems to exist as to etiology. In general, parenteral infection has been credited with merely a minor role. Some authors mention that the condition may possibly be due to parenteral infection, while others are of the opinion that such infection only ushers in the condition by lowering the patient's resistance. That parenteral infection bears a relationship to gastro-intestinal disturbances is well recognized, but that it may be a direct cause of this most severe type of disturbance has been emphasized only recently.  About a year ago, almost simultaneously, one of us 1 and Marriott 2 recorded observations to the effect that a direct relationship may exist between a certain type of acute mastoiditis and cholera infantum. At the same time the other of us 3 stated that the same clinical
Financial future of the NHS still not healthy despite surplus, say MPs
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Too many NHS organisations achieved financial balance in 2006-7 by cutting services for patients, says a report from a cross party group of MPs.

Although the Department of Health, which was under the stewardship of Patricia Hewitt at the time, is applauded for turning around the financial problems that engulfed the NHS in the previous two years, Edward Leigh, chairman of the public accounts committee, said that “the NHS is not yet travelling along the road to long term financial health.”

The financial performance of different types of NHS organisations still has large variations, …
Seminars in Liaison Psychiatry
Authors: Mary A. Hartshorn
Journal: JAMA (1997)

As in the other College Seminars texts under the aegis of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,<i>Seminars in Liaison Psychiatry</i>is purportedly "intended to help junior doctors during their training years," advise the series editors in the foreword. Reading through the 10 chapters, it becomes clear that pearls abound. Though covering the basics for the new trainee—such "obvious" things as making certain the intended patient knows a psychiatric consultant is coming, and why—many chapters remind the more seasoned clinician of things easily forgotten, especially if, as for many of us, consultative work is a "sometime thing." How many of us, lacking a high index of suspicion, would recognize the risk of "fit young men" becoming delirious after an operation, resulting from sudden cessation of steady alcohol intake? Like-wise, how readily would we recognize that cognitive-behavioral therapy may be useless in people whose eating disorders are
Lipids and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: ANTONE F. SALEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 September 1976Lipids and Coronary Artery DiseaseANTONE F. SALEL, M.D., F.A.C.P., DEAN T. MASON, M.D., F.A.C.P.ANTONE F. SALEL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, DEAN T. MASON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-3-393 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent paper (Ann Intern Med84:241-245, 1976), Cohn, Gabbay, and Weglicki sought to answer the question: "Although both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia have been associated with an increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease, there are relatively few reports concerning the importance of one lipid compared with the other." They state, "But even when factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and cigarette smoking are adjusted for by multinominal logit analysis, the findings in the present series of 200 middle-aged patients differ with reports that hypertriglyceridemia per se is a significant lipid risk factor perhaps of equal importance to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: School of Medicine University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMARATHON RUNNING AND IMMUNITY TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS 1 September 1976Volume 85, Issue 3Page: 393-394KeywordsFactor analysisHyperglycemiaHypertensionLipidsMedical risk factorsRisk managementStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 1 September 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Chromobactehum violaceum Infectious and Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: ABE M. MACHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1983Chromobactehum violaceum Infectious and Chronic Granulomatous DiseaseABE M. MACHER, M.D., THOMAS B. CASALE, M.D., JOHN I. GALLIN, M.D., HOWARD BOLTANSKY, M.D., ANTHONY S. FAUCI, M.D.ABE M. MACHER, M.D., THOMAS B. CASALE, M.D., JOHN I. GALLIN, M.D., HOWARD BOLTANSKY, M.D., ANTHONY S. FAUCI, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-2-259_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In July 1982 we (1) reported the association of Chromobacterium violaceum infections and underlying chronic granulomatous disease of childhood in patients who live or visit in the southeastern United States from June to September. We report two additional cases of the syndrome.Patient 1:On 17 September 1982 a 5-year-old girl with chronic granulomatous disease, being seen at the National Institutes of Health developed chicken pox with generalized cutaneous lesions while living in Florida. The varicella lesions healed and she was able to return to school on 27th September. New pustular lesions soon appeared on the right...References1. MACHERCASALEFAUCI ATA. Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood and Chromobacterium violaceum infections in the southeastern United States. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:51-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BLEREAU R. Septicemia and death caused by Chromobacterium violaceum. South Med J. 1980;73:1093-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ABE M. MACHER, M.D.; THOMAS B. CASALE, M.D.; JOHN I. GALLIN, M.D.; HOWARD BOLTANSKY, M.D.; ANTHONY S. FAUCI, M.D.Affiliations: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInvasive Chromobacterium violaceum Infection in ChildrenPRIMARY PHAGOCYTIC DISORDERS OF CHILDHOODGenetic, Biochemical, and Clinical Features of Chronic Granulomatous DiseaseNear‐fatal septicaemia with Chromobacterium violaceumGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency,neutrophil dysfunction and Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis 1 February 1983Volume 98, Issue 2Page: 259-259KeywordsChickenpoxInfectious diseasesLesionsPediatric infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...