tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Types of Cervical Disk Lesions and Their Surgical Approaches
Authors: William B. Scoville
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Cervical disk lesions fall into five distinct categories differing widely in numerical composition, in symptomatology, and in operative approaches. Lateral disk lesions constitute 95% of all operable lesions and simple "keyhole" facetectomy or foraminotomy with slow and high-speed drills constitutes the treatment of choice. Central ridge or bar defects, misnamed "spondylosis," may be approached by either the anterior or posterior approach, providing decompression from the infolded ligamentum flavum, the calcified central ridge, and the lateral osteophytes. Central soft disk lesions are so rare as to constitute only 1% of cervical disk surgery. They should be approached anteriorly but the posterior combined intradural and extradural approach is advocated when there is need to differentiate from a tumor. Patients with fracture-dislocations with disk protrusion should be operated on through an anterior approach. There is rarely improvement, but it is occasionally advocated to permit earlier rehabilitation.
Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children With Uremia
Authors: Richard E. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To define factors related to renal prognosis in children with vesicoureteral reflux and renal insufficiency, we reviewed 908 children with vesicoureteral reflux. Twenty-five patients were found who had initial creatinine clearances of less than 60 mL/min/sq m and had five-year follow-up examinations. All had severely dilated ureters. Renal function improved in eight, remained stable in ten, and deteriorated in seven. Probability of deterioration of renal function in these children was related to factors measurable at clinical presentation: (1) a corrected creatinine clearance of less than 25 mL/min/sq m; (2) 2r greater reaction for protein on urinalysis that disclosed no infection; and (3) being in less than the fifth percentile of body length. The total number of the three factors present in each patient was more significantly related to prognosis than any one factor.
Non-Uremic Calcific Arteriolopathy (Calciphylaxis) in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Previously Unreported Association
Authors: Hassan Sibai, Rim S. Ishak, Racha Halawi, Zaher K. Otrock, Salah Salman, Ali Abu-Alfa, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Pasieka JL, 1997, SURGERY, V122, P1089; Angelis M, 1997, SURGERY, V122, P1083, DOI 10.1016-S0039-6060(97)90212-9; Basile C, 2002, J NEPHROL, V15, P676; Bleyer AJ, 1998, AM J KIDNEY DIS, V32, P376, DOI 10.1053-ajkd.1998.v32.pm9740152; Bolognia JL, 2008, DERMATOLOGY, P654; Bosler DS, 2007, AM J DERMATOPATH, V29, P400, DOI 10.1097-DAD.0b013e3180ddb535; Elder DE, 2005, LEVERS HISTOPATHOLOG, P238; Essary LR, 2000, AM J CLIN PATHOL, V113, P280; Fine A, 2002, KIDNEY INT, V61, P2210, DOI 10.1046-j.1523-1755.2002.00375.x; Goff HW, 2005, CUTIS, V75, P325; GOLITZ LE, 1972, ARCH DERMATOL, V106, P398, DOI 10.1001-archderm.106.3.398; Kalajian AH, 2009, ARCH DERMATOL, V145, P451, DOI 10.1001-archdermatol.2008.602; Kutlu NO, 2003, PEDIATR HEMAT ONCOL, V20, P141, DOI 10.1080-08880010390158621; Mastruserio DN, 1999, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V41, P295, DOI 10.1016-S0190-9622(99)70368-3; Mohammed IA, 2008, NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL, V23, P387, DOI 10.1093-ndt-gfm676; Ng AT, 2011, DERMATOL THER, V24, P256, DOI 10.1111-j.1529-8019.2011.01401.x; Nigwekar SU, 2008, CLIN J AM SOC NEPHRO, V3, P1139, DOI 10.2215-CJN.00530108; RAPER RF, 1985, NEPHRON, V39, P389, DOI 10.1159-000183411; Raymond CB, 2008, AM J HEALTH-SYST PH, V65, P1419, DOI 10.2146-ajhp070546; Riegert-Johnson DL, 2001, MAYO CLIN PROC, V76, P749; Schliep S, 2008, EUR J DERMATOL, V18, P554, DOI 10.1684-ejd.2008.0499; SELYE H, 1962, J INVEST DERMATOL, V39, P259, DOI 10.1038-jid.1962.111; Weenig RH, 2008, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V58, P458, DOI 10.1016-j.jaad.2007.12.006
The human metallothionein gene family: structure and expression.
Authors: M Karin, R I Richards
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Metallothioneins (MTs) are encoded by a multigene family in man. We have isolated those genes and analyzed the structure of some of them. The MT-II variant is encoded by a single functional gene: MT-IIA. The MT-IIB gene is a processed pseudogene derived from a reverse transcript of MT-II mRNA. On the other hand, the MT-I class of variants are encoded by a large number of genes, arranged in tandem. The MT-IIA and the MT-IA genes show a differential response to glucocorticoid hormones and heavy metals, yet they are both expressed in primary human fibroblasts and in HeLa cells. Expression of both of those genes, in high level after transfer on bovine papilloma virus vectors, leads to increased resistance of the host cells to cadmium-induced toxicity.
INJURY TO THE LIVER IN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS
Authors: Harry Perelman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

On examination of any victim of an automobile accident, the possibility of injury to the liver and bile ducts should be considered, especially in the presence of a rib fracture on the right side of the thorax. Tenderness on compression of the lower portion of the rib cage on the right side plus pain referred to the right shoulder in the absence of rib fracture, in a patient after an automobile accident, are ample evidence for the diagnosis of rupture or laceration of the right lobe of the liver.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Signs and Symptoms</h3> In cases of ruptured liver, those victims who are not killed immediately show the signs and symptoms of intraperitoneal hemorrhage, including pain, weakness, pallor, restlessness, dyspnea, rapid pulse, fall in blood pressure, shifting dulness, subnormal temperature, anemia, leukocytosis, abdominal tenderness and rigidity, and absent or decreased bowel sounds. The escape of blood and bile into the peritoneal
Local government reform and the health services.
Authors: E. Burney
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Heavy Uterine Bleeding SIR,-In reply to a question (20 May, p. 494) your expert says that for practical purposes the only haemorrhagic disease associated with heavy uterine bleeding as a direct effect of the disease is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.It is certainly the most important disease in this respect, but I think there are others which, although they are rare, should be remembered.Buxton,. in reviewing 108 cases of pur- pura haemorrhagica, aplastic anaemia, and leukaemia, showed that in no fewer than 10 of these patients the initial and chief com- plaint was menorrhagia, and they were first seen at a gynaecological clinic.Hyster- ectomy was performed on one of them.The uterus revealed no pathology, and the patient died from aplastic anaemia.A second case of aplastic anaemia and a third of acute lymphatic leukaemia were likewise fatal.The other seven cases were of purpura haemor- rhagica.Wheaton' reported three cases of leukaemia which presented as gynaecological emergencies.I have seen three fatal cases in which heavy uterine bleeding was the first sign of a blood disease.All three were admit- ted as gynaecological emergencies.One was a case of subacute lymphatic leukaemia and the other two were examples of agranulocytosis due to toxic drugs.In my opinion abnormal uterine bleeding may be an important symptom of the follow- ing diseases of the blood: aplastic anaemia agranulocytosis; the leukaemias; the purpuras; splenic anaemia; and secondary thrombocytopenia due to x rays or toxic drugs.-Iam, etc.,
Mechanism by which glucose and insulin inhibit net hepatic glycogenolysis in humans.
Authors: K F Petersen, D Laurent, D L Rothman, G W Cline, G I Shulman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

13C NMR spectroscopy was used to assess flux rates of hepatic glycogen synthase and phosphorylase in overnight-fasted subjects under one of four hypoglucagonemic conditions: protocol I, hyperglycemic (approximately 10 mM) -hypoinsulinemia (approximately 40 pM); protocol II, euglycemic (approximately 5 mM) -hyperinsulinemia (approximately 400 pM); protocol III, hyperglycemic (approximately 10 mM) -hyperinsulinemia (approximately 400 pM); and protocol IV; euglycemic (approximately 5 mM) -hypoinsulinemia (approximately 40 pM). Inhibition of net hepatic glycogenolysis occurred in both protocols I and II compared to protocol IV but via a different mechanism. Inhibition of net hepatic glycogenolysis occurred in protocol I mostly due to decreased glycogen phosphorylase flux, whereas in protocol II inhibition of net hepatic glycogenolysis occurred exclusively through the activation of glycogen synthase flux. Phosphorylase flux was unaltered, resulting in extensive glycogen cycling. Relatively high rates of net hepatic glycogen synthesis were observed in protocol III due to combined stimulation of glycogen synthase flux and inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase flux. In conclusion, under hypoglucagonemic conditions: (a) hyperglycemia, per se, inhibits net hepatic glycogenolysis primarily through inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase flux; (b) hyperinsulinemia, per se, inhibits net hepatic glycogenolysis primarily through stimulation of glycogen synthase flux; (c) inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase and the activation of glycogen synthase are not necessarily coupled and coordinated in a reciprocal fashion; and (d) promotion of hepatic glycogen cycling may be the principal mechanism by which insulin inhibits net hepatic glycogenolysis and endogenous glucose production in humans under euglycemic conditions.
Reversible Severe Hypertension Due to Licorice Ingestion
Authors: Max Koster, George K. David
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

DUTCH children and adults may ingest large quantities of the candy licorice and become hypertensive, with profound salt and water retention and edema formation.1 2 3 Though moderate degrees of hypertension with a diastolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg are frequently observed with licorice ingestion,4 this is the first report of severe hypertension reversible with cessation of ingestion.Case ReportA 20-year-old single woman was first examined at another hospital for severe unexplained headaches, fatigue and hypertension (blood pressure of 220/140). She was extensively studied for the hypertension, and even a surgical exploration of both kidneys for suspected renal-artery stenosis, suggested . . .
Dip-slide: an aid to quantitative urine culture in general practice.
Authors: D. Guttmann, G. R. Naylor
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BD1CALJOURNAL 343 areas of old infarction.This figure is in close agreement with that of Johansson (1966), who, on clinical criteria, suspected that only 24 out of 142 cases (17%) of chronic heart block were ischaemic in origin.He offered no pathological explana- tion for 64 out of 142 cases (45%) which were classified as "' primary " heart block.In the present post-mortem series 21 out of 53 cases (40%) were due to bundle branch fibrosis.The pathological basis of primary heart block is therefore bilateral bundle-branch fibrosis; the cause remains unknown, but it is certainly not due to coronary artery disease. SummaryIn a post-mortem study of 53 hearts from patients with chronic atrioventricular block only 8 (15%) were due to coronary artery disease.Bundle-branch fibrosis of unknown aetiology, without major damage to the contractile myocardium, is the commonest cause, being present in 21 cases (40%).In 14 cases of acute myocardial infarction and A-V block major structural damage to the conduction system was unusual, but, when present, involved the bundle branches.
Dermatological findings in children exposed transplacentally to heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls in Taiwan
Authors: BETH C. GLADEN, J.S. TAYLOR, Y-C. WU, N.BETH RAGAN, W.J. ROGAN, C.-C. HSU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

We studied 128 children who were transplacentally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans in Taiwan, their parents and siblings who were directly exposed, and 115 control children. Direct exposure of the mothers stopped in 1979 and the children were born as late as 1985. At birth, exposed children had increased rates of hyperpigmentation, eyelid swelling and discharge, deformed nails, acne, natal teeth and swollen gums compared to controls. On examination, they had a much higher rate of dystrophic finger-nails and pigmented or dystrophic toe-nails than controls. They also had an increased rate of hyperpigmentation and acne. In addition they had more generalized itching, localized skin infections and hair loss. The findings seen in transplacentally exposed children differ from those seen in people directly exposed, particularly in the latter group in higher prevalence of acne.
P92 Training opportunities in thoracic ultrasound for respiratory specialist trainees in the West Midlands Deanery
Authors: T. S. Jordan, F. Choudhary, R. Heinink, S. Mathew, I. Hussain, M. Allen
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The NPSA,1 supported by the BTS,2 recommends that chest drains for pleural effusions are placed using thoracic ultrasound (TUS). BTS pleural disease guidelines, currently under review, are likely to recommend the use of TUS. Royal College of Radiologists recommendations allow standardisation of TUS training, then assessment leading to Level-1 accreditation.3 The West Midlands Deanery, which comprises 13 Trusts providing 48 respiratory specialist training-posts, will require Level-1 competency in TUS as a CCT requirement. To achieve this there must be adequate training opportunities for trainees. <h3>Methods and results</h3> We surveyed access to TUS training. Questionnaires were completed by 34 respiratory trainees from 11 Trusts (12 ST3, 9 ST4, 7 ST5, 1 ST6, 5 SpRs)-see Abstract P92 Table 1. Over half (53% (18/34)) were aware of Level-1 competency as a CCT requirement of which 33% (6/18) were unaware of criteria to achieve it. Most (91% (31/34)) expressed concern about gaining sufficient TUS training for which responsibility was felt to be the Deanery9s (71% (24/34)), the Trust (26% (9/34)) and the trainees9s (56% (19/34)). Most had access to an US in their current Trust. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Much concern exists amongst respiratory trainees over TUS training and Level-1 accreditation. The majority (68% (23/34) of trainees had not been on a TUS course mostly due to lack of availability, and were performing TUS without formal training; some of these without appropriate supervision. This clearly shows the need for greater access to recognised training opportunities in TUS. This may require local Trusts, in conjunction with the Deanery, to be more proactive in providing these opportunities and not rely on the availability of limited national courses.
Effects of cadmium ingestion in rats with opposite genetic predisposition to hypertension.
Authors: E V Ohanian, J Iwai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

This study was undertaken to explore the effects of chronic low-level cadmium ingestion in Dahl hypertension-resistant (R) and hypertension-sensitive (S) lines of rats. Groups of weanling female R and S rats were given 0 or 1 mg cadmium/1. in drinking water and fed either a low salt (0.4% NaCl) or a high salt (4% NaCl) diet for 28 weeks. Cadmium produced hypertension associated with gross cardiac hypertrophy and mild to moderate renal vascular changes in S, but not in R, rats on a low salt diet. Cadmium enhanced the rate and degree of development of salt-induced hypertension without exacerbating the hypercholesterolemia or renal vascular lesions normally observed in S rats on a high salt diet. Cadmium lowered circulating cholesterol levels in both lines on a low salt diet. Cadmium had no influence on growth, blood urea nitrogen concentration, plasma renin activity, tumor formation, or survivorship in R and S rats on either salt diet. This study indicates that the genetic composition is a critical determinant of the adverse effects of chronic low-level cadmium ingestion in rats. In addition to the experimental implications, these findings may have relevance to the problem of human "essential" hypertension.
Book Review Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Edited by Bernard S. Kaplan, Richard S. Trompeter, and Joel L. Moake. 558 pp., illustrated. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1992. $175. 0-8247-8663-7
Authors: Bruce R. Gordon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
The Burning of the Books.
Authors: H. C. Buck
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Friar's Point, Miss., Dec. 23, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> InThe Journal, December 16, is an article by Dr. Bayard Holmes, in which the doctor takes the position (if I understand him) that<i>all</i>text-books of medicine should be burned after being in print ten years. He says: "If a man has done his work before he is 50 and ought then to step aside and give place to the young, the medical text-book has outlived its usefulness in one-tenth of that time." In the first place, I feel sure there are very many men in the medical profession, as well as in other walks in life, who can and do a great deal of good work after they are 50. Dr. Osler would hardly admit his work complete, and doubtless would enter a very vigorous protest to being "laid on the shelf." While I am as strong
The UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene is mutated in recessive hereditary inclusion body myopathy
Authors: Iris Eisenberg, Nili Avidan, Tamara Potikha, Hagit Hochner, Miriam Chen, Tsviya Olender, Mark Barash, Moshe Shemesh, Menachem Sadeh, Gil Grabov-Nardini, Inna Shmilevich, Adam Friedmann, George Karpati, Walter G. Bradley, Lisa Baumbach, Doron Lancet, Edna Ben Asher, Jacques S. Beckmann, Zohar Argov, Stella Mitrani-Rosenbaum
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Editorial: Childbirth, American style
Authors: G. M. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In June 1971, the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association adopted a statement on "Centralized Community or Regionalized Perinatal Intensive Care." This statement was the product of two years of study and discussion by the Committee on Maternal and Child Care. Its recommendations may be summarized as follows: "Concentration of high-risk infant care programs in hospitals specially staffed and equipped to provide optimal care is a proven life-saving mechanism for infants at risk." Every community should direct attention "to the development and operation of such centralized special care facilities." Goals should include early identification of highrisk infants, transfer of an infant to a more appropriately equipped facility when indicated, and planning for an adequate transport system. The implementation of "regionalized perinatal programs is a responsibility of physicians, government and the public" and inclusion of training programs for the necessary medical and allied personnel is encouraged.
1030-11 Ventricular Myocytes in Culture Express Endothelin-1 (ET-1) mRNA but not ET-2 mRNA or ET-3 mRNA in Response to the Hypertrophic Agonists Phenylephrine and ET-1
Authors: Samer Kaddoura, John Firth, Steven J. Fuller, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Peter H. Sugden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
MicroRNA clusters: dysregulation in lung adenocarcinoma and COPD
Authors: Sonia Molina-Pinelo, M. Dolores Pastor, Rocío Suarez, Beatriz Romero-Romero, Miriam González De la Peña, Ana Salinas, Rocío García-Carbonero, María José De Miguel, Francisco Rodríguez-Panadero, Amancio Carnero, Luis Paz-Ares
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Lung adenocarcinoma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are pulmonary diseases that share common aetiological factors (tobacco smoking) and probable dysregulated pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in regulating numerous physiological and pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to assess global miRNA expression patterns in patients with COPD and/or adenocarcinoma to elucidate distinct regulatory networks involved in the pathogenesis of these two smoking-related diseases. Expression of 381 miRNAs was quantified by TaqMan Human MicroRNA A Array v2.0 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 87 patients classified into four groups: COPD, adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma with COPD, and control (neither COPD nor adenocarcinoma). 11 differentially expressed miRNAs were randomly selected for validation in an independent cohort of 40 patients. Distinct miRNA expression profiles were identified and validated for each pathological group, involving 66 differentially expressed miRNAs. Four miRNA clusters (the mir-17-92 cluster and its paralogues, mir-106a-363 and mir-106b-25; and the miR-192-194 cluster) were upregulated in patients with adenocarcinoma and one miRNA cluster (miR-132-212) was upregulated in patients with COPD. These results contribute to unravelling miRNA-controlled networks involved in the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma and COPD, and provide new tools of potential use as biomarkers for diagnosis and/or therapeutic purposes.
AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1991
Authors: Leo E. Hollister
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<b>AMA Drug Evaluations Subscription</b>, vols 1-3, prepared by the Department of Drugs, Division of Drugs and Toxicology, American Medical Association, various pagination, 3 loose-leaf binders with matching slipcase, $145 for one year of quarterly updates, ISSN 1049-5274 (NR-000117), Chicago, Ill, American Medical Association, 1990. The first edition of<i>AMA Drug Evaluations (AMA DE)</i>appeared 20 years ago. Now, with a slightly altered title, the seventh edition has been launched. This edition follows the last one by five years, probably too long a period considering the current pace of development of new drugs. The major difference between the present edition and those that preceded it is that it comes in two formats. One,<i>Drug Evaluations Annual</i>, is the traditional hardcover bound volume, which will be revised annually and published each November. The other,<i>Drug Evaluations Subscription</i>, is a set of three loose-leaf volumes, which will be updated each quarter—spring, summer, fall,
Vertebral Involvement by Desmoplastic Fibroma
Authors: George E. Scheer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

DESMOPLASTIC FIBROMA of bone is a recently described, rarely reported lesion. Eight previous cases have been recorded: three cases in the tibia, two in the humerus, and one each in the femur, scapula, and ilium. The age incidence ranged in these reports from 8 to 40 years. The series of cases recorded to date is too small to indicate a definite sex predominance.<sup>1, 2</sup>Occurrence of an additional example of this lesion in a hitherto unrecognized site is felt by the authors to be worthy of publication. The purpose of this paper is to present what is believed to be the ninth case of desmoplastic fibroma in the literature. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 11-year-old child first presented in September, 1960, with a 3-month complaint of pain, insidious in onset, in the posterior aspect of the right hip. The mother had noted a slight curvature of the spine at
The Napkin-Ring Sign Indicates Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions in Coronary CT Angiography
Authors: Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Christopher L. Schlett, Hatem Alkadhi, Masataka Nakano, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Paul Stolzmann, Hans Scheffel, Maros Ferencik, Matthias F. Kriegel, Harald Seifarth, Renu Virmani, Udo Hoffmann
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia is characterized by increased iron absorption mediated by down-regulation of hepcidin and up-regulation of ferroportin
Authors: Sara Gardenghi, Maria F. Marongiu, Pedro Ramos, Ella Guy, Laura Breda, Amy Chadburn, YiFang Liu, Ninette Amariglio, Gideon Rechavi, Eliezer A. Rachmilewitz, William Breuer, Z. Ioav Cabantchik, Diedra M. Wrighting, Nancy C. Andrews, Maria de Sousa, Patricia J. Giardina, Robert W. Grady, Stefano Rivella
Journal: Blood (2007)