tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human umbilical cord blood cells and myocardial infarction: Novel ways to treat an old problem
Authors: E FRIEDRICH, M BOHM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

See article by Ma et al.  [4]  (pages 45–54) in this issue. 

Myocardial infarction and its consequences such as congestive heart failure continue to be a major cause of death in Western societies despite therapeutic advances made in recent years. A growing body of evidence indicates that cell-based strategies might have promising therapeutic potentials for cardiac revascularization and the restoration of cardiac function. In that respect, several recent experimental studies have demonstrated varying degrees of cardiac regeneration using different stem cell populations such as embryonic stem cells, skeletal myoblasts, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells [1,2]. Similarly, our group has detected cardiac regeneration by cells of non-cardiac origin in biopsies from the hearts of male patients that had undergone sex-mismatched cardiac transplantation [3]. Furthermore, first data from nonrandomized phase I clinical trials for treatment of acute myocardial infarction or chronic ischemic heart failure have emerged, the majority of which show improvements of clinical symptoms, left-ventricular function, and myocardial perfusion following transplantation of total bone marrow cells, bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells, or peripheral blood-derived stem cells [1,2]. However, there is an ongoing controversy about the cellular source with the highest potential for cardiovascular regeneration.

The report by Ma et al. [4] in the current issue of Cardiovascular Research provides encouraging new evidence concerning an alternative cellular source for cardiac repair following myocardial infarction. The authors … 

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 6841 162 3372; fax: +49 6841 162 3369. Email address: efriedrich{at}med-in.uni-sb.de boehm{at}med-in.uni-sb.de
Unbiased quantitative assessment of Her-2 expression of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer
Authors: S.T. Ligthart, F.-C. Bidard, C. Decraene, T. Bachelot, S. Delaloge, E. Brain, M. Campone, P. Viens, J.-Y. Pierga, L.W.M.M. Terstappen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Role of Diuretics in the Prevention of Heart Failure
Authors: Barry R. Davis, Linda B. Piller, Jeffrey A. Cutler, Curt Furberg, Kay Dunn, Stanley Franklin, David Goff, Frans Leenen, Syed Mohiuddin, Vasilios Papademetriou, Michael Proschan, Allan Ellsworth, John Golden, Pedro Colon, Richard Crow
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Hypertension is a major cause of heart failure (HF) and is antecedent in 91% of cases. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) stipulated assessment of the relative effect of chlorthalidone, lisinopril, and amlodipine in preventing HF. Methods and Results— ALLHAT was a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial in 33 357 high-risk hypertensive patients aged ≥55 years. Hospitalized/fatal HF outcomes were examined with proportional-hazards models. Relative risks (95% confidence intervals; P values) of amlodipine or lisinopril versus chlorthalidone were 1.35 (1.21 to 1.50; &lt;0.001) and 1.11 (0.99 to 1.24; 0.09). The proportional hazards assumption of constant relative risk over time was not valid. A more appropriate model showed relative risks of amlodipine or lisinopril versus chlorthalidone during year 1 were 2.22 (1.69 to 2.91; &lt;0.001) and 2.08 (1.58 to 2.74; &lt;0.001), and after year 1, 1.22 (1.08 to 1.38; P =0.001) and 0.96 (0.85 to 1.10; 0.58). There was no significant interaction between prior medication use and treatment. Baseline blood pressures were equivalent (146/84 mm Hg) and at year 1 were 137/79, 139/79, and 140/80 mm Hg in those given chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril. At 1 year, use of added open-label atenolol, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers in the treatment groups was similar. Conclusions— HF risk decreased with chlorthalidone versus amlodipine or lisinopril use during year 1. Subsequently, risk for those individuals taking chlorthalidone versus amlodipine remained decreased but less so, whereas it was equivalent to those given lisinopril. Prior medication use, follow-up blood pressures, and concomitant medications are unlikely to explain most of the HF differences. Diuretics are superior to calcium channel blockers and, at least in the short term, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in preventing HF in hypertensive individuals.
Monophyly of Rhizaria and Multigene Phylogeny of Unicellular Bikonts
Authors: Fabien Burki, Jan Pawlowski
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Reconstructing a global phylogeny of eukaryotes is an ongoing challenge of molecular phylogenetics. The availability of genomic data from a broad range of eukaryotic phyla helped in resolving the eukaryotic tree into a topology with a rather small number of large assemblages, but the relationships between these "supergroups" are yet to be confirmed. Rhizaria is the most recently recognized "supergroup," but, in spite of this important position within the tree of life, their representatives are still missing in global phylogenies of eukaryotes. Here, we report the first large-scale analysis of eukaryote phylogeny including data for 2 rhizarian species, the foraminiferan Reticulomyxa filosa and the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. Our results confirm the monophyly of Rhizaria (Foraminifera + Cercozoa), with very high bootstrap supports in all analyses. The overall topology of our trees is in agreement with the current view of eukaryote phylogeny with basal division into "unikonts" (Opisthokonts and Ameobozoa) and "bikonts" (Plantae, alveolates, stramenopiles, and excavates). As expected, Rhizaria branch among bikonts; however, their phylogenetic position is uncertain. Depending on the data set and the type of analysis, Rhizaria branch as sister group to either stramenopiles or excavates. Overall, the relationships between the major groups of unicellular bikonts are poorly resolved, despite the use of 85 proteins and the largest taxonomic sampling for this part of the tree available to date. This may be due to an acceleration of evolutionary rates in some bikont phyla or be related to their rapid diversification in the early evolution of eukaryotes.
Effect of massive bowel resection on enteroinsular axis.
Authors: T Kajawara, T Szuki, T Tobe
Journal: Gut (1979)

Pancreatic endocrine function was studied in 13 patients who had undergone massive bowel resection. The patients were divided into two groups: one month after operation (short-term group), and three or more months after operation (long-term group). Oral administration of glucose caused a persistent low insulin secretion in almost all the patients and the glucose tolerance curve showed a diabetic pattern in four. In contrast, the insulin response to intravenously infused arginine was impaired in the short-term group, but was at an approximately normal level in the long-term group. Pancreatic glucagon response to intravenous arginine, however, remained unchanged in both groups. Interruption of the enteroinsular axis as the result of massive bowel resection probably plays a major part in this discrepancy of the behaviour of insulin in the long-term group.
Human β Cell Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers lncRNAs That Are Tissue-Specific, Dynamically Regulated, and Abnormally Expressed in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ignasi Morán, İldem Akerman, Martijn van de Bunt, Ruiyu Xie, Marion Benazra, Takao Nammo, Luis Arnes, Nikolina Nakić, Javier García-Hurtado, Santiago Rodríguez-Seguí, Lorenzo Pasquali, Claire Sauty-Colace, Anthony Beucher, Raphael Scharfmann, Joris van Arensbergen, Paul R. Johnson, Andrew Berry, Clarence Lee, Timothy Harkins, Valery Gmyr, François Pattou, Julie Kerr-Conte, Lorenzo Piemonti, Thierry Berney, Neil Hanley, Anna L. Gloyn, Lori Sussel, Linda Langman, Kenneth L. Brayman, Maike Sander, Mark I. McCarthy, Philippe Ravassard, Jorge Ferrer
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Long-term (23 months) treatment with an anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic diabetic patients
Authors: Mario Velussi, Anna Maria Cernigoi, De Monte Ariella, Francesco Dapas, Cristina Caffau, Mario Zilli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Induction and Targeting of the Glutamine Transporter SN1 to the Basolateral Membranes of Cortical Kidney Tubule Cells during Chronic Metabolic Acidosis Suggest a Role in pH Regulation
Authors: Tom Tallak Solbu, Jean-Luc Boulland, Wasim Zahid, May Kristin Lyamouri Bredahl, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, Jon Storm-Mathisen, Bjørg A[Combining Ring Above]se Roberg, Farrukh A. Chaudhry
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

During chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA), the plasma levels of glutamine are increased and so is glutamine metabolism in the kidney tubule cells. Degradation of glutamine results in the formation of ammonium (NH4+) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) ions, which are excreted in the pre-urine and transported to the peritubular blood, respectively. This process contributes to counteract acidosis and to restore normal pH, but the molecular mechanism, the localization of the proteins involved and the regulation of glutamine transport into the renal tubular cells, remains unknown. SN1, a Na+- and H+-dependent glutamine transporter has previously been identified molecularly, and its mRNA has been detected in tubule cells in the medulla of the kidney. Now shown is the selective targeting of the protein to the basolateral membranes of the renal tubule cells of the S3 segment throughout development of the normal rat kidney. During CMA, SN1 expression increases five- to six-fold and appears also in cortical tubule cells in parallel with the increased expression and activity of phosphate-activated glutaminase, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in ammoniagenesis. However, SN1 remains sorted to the basolateral membranes. The unique ability of SN1 to change transport direction according to physiologic changes in transmembrane gradients of [glutamine] and pH and its sorting to the basolateral membranes and the presence of a putative pH responsive element in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the gene (supported here by the demonstration in CMA kidney of a protein that binds SN1 mRNA) are conducive to the function of this transporter in pH regulation.
Ceftriaxone Sodium Therapy of Penicillin G—Susceptible Streptococcal Endocarditis
Authors: Walter R. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Monotherapy with pencillin G or a first-generation cephalosporin or vancomycin hydrochloride administered for 4 weeks or 2-week therapy with penicillin together with an aminoglycoside are considered to be standard therapy for patients with penicillin-susceptible streptococcal infective endocarditis.<sup>1</sup>While these regimens are safe and effective therapy, experience with their use has been confined largely to the treatment of hospitalized patients. Prior to the report by Francioli et al<sup>2</sup>in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, most authorities have been reluctant to use outpatient therapy in patients with See also p 264. infective endocarditis because of concern about the development of complications during therapy. The study by Francioli and colleagues is important for several reasons. First, this report confirms and extends a previous study by Stamboulian et al<sup>3</sup>demonstrating that 4 weeks of ceftriaxone sodium administered in a single daily dose is effective therapy for patients with penicillin-susceptible streptococcal infective endocarditis.
Occult Nipple Involvement in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathologic Findings in 316 Consecutive Mastectomy Specimens
Authors: Elena F. Brachtel, Jennifer E. Rusby, James S. Michaelson, L. Leon Chen, Alona Muzikansky, Barbara L. Smith, Frederick C. Koerner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Although breast-conserving surgery is a standard approach for patients with breast cancer, mastectomy often becomes necessary. Surgical options now include nipple-sparing mastectomy but its oncological safety is still controversial. This study evaluates frequency and patterns of occult nipple involvement in a large contemporary cohort of patients with the retroareolar margin as possible indicator of nipple involvement.Three hundred sixteen consecutive mastectomy specimens (232 therapeutic, 84 prophylactic) with grossly unremarkable nipples were evaluated by coronal sections through the entire nipple and subareolar tissue. Extent and location of nipple involvement by carcinoma was assessed with the tissue deep to the skin as potential retroareolar en-face resection margin.Seventy-one percent of nipples from therapeutic mastectomies showed no pathologic abnormality, 21% had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive carcinoma (IC), or lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and 8% lobular neoplasia (lobular carcinoma in situ). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplification, tumor size, and tumor-nipple distance were associated with nipple involvement by multivariate analysis (P = .0047, .0126, and .0176); histologic grade of both DCIS (P = .002) and IC (P = .03), LVI (P = .03), and lymph node involvement (P = .02) by univariate analysis. Nipple involvement by IC or DCIS was identified in the retroareolar margin with a sensitivity of 0.8 and a negative predictive value of 0.96. None of the 84 prophylactic mastectomies showed nipple involvement by IC or DCIS.Nipple-sparing mastectomy may be suitable for selected cases of breast carcinoma with low probability of nipple involvement by carcinoma and prophylactic procedures. A retroareolar en-face margin may be used to test for occult involvement in patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy.
Collaborative Care for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Patients With Recent Cardiac Events
Authors: Jeff C. Huffman, Carol A. Mastromauro, Scott R. Beach, Christopher M. Celano, Christina M. DuBois, Brian C. Healy, Laura Suarez, Bruce L. Rollman, James L. Januzzi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Depression and anxiety are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with recent acute cardiac events. There has been minimal study of collaborative care (CC) management models for mental health disorders in high-risk cardiac inpatients, and no prior CC intervention has simultaneously managed depression and anxiety disorders. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the impact of a low-intensity CC intervention for depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder among patients hospitalized for an acute cardiac illness. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Single-blind randomized clinical trial, with study assessors blind to group assignment, from September 2010 through July 2013 of 183 patients admitted to inpatient cardiac units in an urban academic general hospital for acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia, or heart failure and found to have clinical depression, generalized anxiety disorder, or panic disorder on structured assessment. <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants were randomized to 24 weeks of a low-intensity telephone-based multicomponent CC intervention targeting depression and anxiety disorders (n = 92) or to enhanced usual care (serial notification of primary medical providers; n = 91). The CC intervention used a social work care manager to coordinate assessment and stepped care of psychiatric conditions and to provide support and therapeutic interventions as appropriate. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Improvement in mental health–related quality of life (Short Form-12 Mental Component Score [SF-12 MCS]) at 24 weeks, compared between groups using a random-effects model in an intent-to-treat analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Patients randomized to CC had significantly greater estimated mean improvements in SF-12 MCS at 24 weeks (11.21 points [from 34.21 to 45.42] in the CC group vs 5.53 points [from 36.30 to 41.83] in the control group; estimated mean difference, 5.68 points [95% CI, 2.14-9.22];<i>P</i> = .002; effect size, 0.61). Patients receiving CC also had significant improvements in depressive symptoms and general functioning, and higher rates of treatment of a mental health disorder; anxiety scores, rates of disorder response, and adherence did not differ between groups. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A novel telephone-based, low-intensity model to concurrently manage cardiac patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders was effective for improving mental health–related quality of life in a 24-week trial. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01201967
Ionizing Radiation Antagonizes Tumor Hypoxia Induced by Antiangiogenic Treatment
Authors: Oliver Riesterer, Michael Honer, Wolfram Jochum, Christoph Oehler, Simon Ametamey, Martin Pruschy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The combined treatment modality of ionizing radiation with inhibitors of angiogenesis is effective despite the supposition that inhibition of angiogenesis might increase tumor hypoxia and thereby negatively affect radiation sensitivity. To directly assess this still controversial issue, we analyzed treatment-dependent alterations of tumor oxygenation in response to inhibition of angiogenesis alone, ionizing radiation, and combined treatment. Experimental Design: Serial measurements with high-resolution [18F]fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography and immunohistochemical detection of the endogenous hypoxia marker glucose transporter-1 were done to determine tumor hypoxia in a murine mammary carcinoma allograft model. Results: Inhibition of angiogenesis with the clinically relevant vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 reduced microvessel density but had only minimal effects on tumor growth, tumor cell apoptosis, and proliferation. However, PTK787/ZK222584 treatment increased overall and local tumor hypoxia as revealed by extended expression of the hypoxia marker glucose transporter-1 and increased uptake of [18F]fluoromisonidazole. Fractionated irradiation induced a strong growth delay, which was associated with enhanced apoptosis and reduced proliferation of tumor cells but only minor effects on microvessel density and allograft oxygenation. Combined treatment with fractionated irradiation resulted in extended tumor growth delay and tumor cell apoptosis but no increase in tumor hypoxia. Conclusions: These results show that irradiation antagonizes the increase of hypoxia by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition and abrogates the potential negative effect on tumor hypoxia. Thus, the risk of treatment-induced hypoxia by inhibitors of angiogenesis exists but is kept minimal when combined with a cytotoxic treatment modality.
Effectiveness of a specific care plan in patients with Alzheimer's disease: cluster randomised trial (PLASA study)
Authors: F. Nourhashemi, S. Andrieu, S. Gillette-Guyonnet, B. Giraudeau, C. Cantet, N. Coley, B. Vellas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Elevated PGE<sub>2</sub> is a hallmark of most inflammatory lesions. This lipid mediator can induce the cardinal signs of inflammation, and the beneficial actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are attributed to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, enzymes essential in the biosynthesis of PGE<sub>2</sub> from arachidonic acid. However, both clinical studies and rodent models suggest that, in the asthmatic lung, PGE<sub>2</sub> acts to restrain the immune response and limit physiological change secondary to inflammation. To directly address the role of PGE<sub>2</sub> in the lung, we examined the development of disease in mice lacking microsomal PGE<sub>2</sub> synthase-1 (mPGES1), which converts COX-1/COX-2–derived PGH<sub>2</sub> to PGE<sub>2</sub>. We show that mPGES1 determines PGE<sub>2</sub> levels in the naive lung and is required for increases in PGE<sub>2</sub> after OVA-induced allergy. Although loss of either COX-1 or COX-2 increases the disease severity, surprisingly, mPGES1<sup>−/−</sup> mice show reduced inflammation. However, an increase in serum IgE is still observed in the mPGES1<sup>−/−</sup> mice, suggesting that loss of PGE<sub>2</sub> does not impair induction of a Th2 response. Furthermore, mPGES1<sup>−/−</sup> mice expressing a transgenic OVA-specific TCR are also protected, indicating that PGE<sub>2</sub> acts primarily after challenge with inhaled Ag. PGE<sub>2</sub> produced by the lung plays the critical role in this response, as loss of lung mPGES1 is sufficient to protect against disease. Together, this supports a model in which mPGES1-dependent PGE<sub>2</sub> produced by populations of cells native to the lung contributes to the effector phase of some allergic responses.
Subcellular Localization and Protein Levels of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 Independently Predict for Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Amanda Psyrri, Aris Bamias, Ziwei Yu, Paul M. Weinberger, Mohamad Kassar, Sophia Markakis, Diane Kowalski, Eleni Efstathiou, Robert L. Camp, David L. Rimm, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: p27 protein is regarded as a valuable prognostic biomarker in cancer with a potential use as a molecular target. However, different methods of immunohistochemical assessment have yielded conflicting results. Here, we sought to determine the prognostic value of p27 in ovarian cancer using a novel method of compartmentalized in situ protein analysis. Experimental Design: A tissue array composed of 150 advanced stage ovarian cancers uniformly treated, with surgical debulking followed by platinum-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy, was constructed. For evaluation of p27 protein expression, we used an immunofluorescence-based method of automated in situ quantitative measurement of protein analysis [automated quantitative analysis (AQUA)]. Results: The mean follow-up time of the patients was 34.3 months. Patients with low Fédération Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes stage were more likely to have low nuclear p27 expression (P = 0.008). Low nuclear p27 expression was associated with improved 3-year overall survival (66% versus 20%, P = 0.0047) and disease-free survival (27% versus 12%, P = 0.022). In multivariable analysis, adjusting for well-characterized prognostic variables, low nuclear p27 expression level was the most significant prognostic factor for both disease-free and overall survival. Conclusions: Our results indicate that quantitative assessment of nuclear p27 expression level by automated in situ quantitative analysis is a strong predictor for outcome in ovarian cancer.
MUTANTS OF A BACTERIOPHAGE OF BACILLUS MEGATHERIUM
Authors: James S. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Repeated transfers in 5 per cent peptone or asparagine media of sensitive B. megatherium cultures containing C phage have made possible the isolation of lysogenic bacteria which produce different strains of phage. This is probably due to the failure of C virus to make the lysogenic adjustment while those of its variants which can succeed are selected. Four distinct plaque types have been isolated by this method and some of their reactions in mixedly infected bacteria are described. It has been shown that it is possible to isolate either C or T analogues of each of the strains, bringing the reported plaque types of B. megatherium phage to eight. No success was obtained in an attempt to isolate a wild type and a phage carrying two mutations when crosses were made of two phages each differing by one mutational step.