tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ductal Lavage Findings in Women With Known Breast Cancer Undergoing Mastectomy
Authors: S. A. Khan, E. L. Wiley, N. Rodriguez, C. Baird, R. Ramakrishnan, R. Nayar, M. Bryk, K. B. Bethke, V. L. Staradub, J. Wolfman, A. Rademaker, B.-M. Ljung, M. Morrow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Ductal lavage has the potential to detect cancer by sampling breast epithelium in asymptomatic high-risk women. To assess the utility of ductal lavage as a cancer diagnostic test, we investigated the association between ductal lavage cytologic findings and histologic findings in women with known breast cancer undergoing mastectomy. Methods: Ductal lavage was performed in the operating room before mastectomy on 44 breasts from 32 women with known cancer and on eight breasts from seven women undergoing prophylactic mastectomy, two with occult malignancy. If the ductal lavage sample from one or more ducts contained enough epithelial cells for a cytologic diagnosis, lavaged ducts were injected with a mixture of colored dye, gelatin, and a radiographic contrast compound after mastectomy, and breast tissue was radiographed and sectioned. Histologic findings in ducts with and without dye were recorded. Associations between cytologic results and histologic results were examined by univariate and multivariable analyses. Results: At least one duct was lavaged in 36 breasts (mean = 1.4 ducts per breast); all histologic and cytologic procedures were completed in 28 breasts and in 39 ducts. Markedly atypical or malignant cytology was found in five cancer-containing breasts. In 39 ducts with complete cytologic and histologic data and when marked atypia or malignant cells defined a positive cytologic test, sensitivity was 43% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 23% to 72%), specificity was 96% (95% CI = 86% to 100%), and accuracy was 77% (95% CI = 63% to 89%). When mild or marked atypia or malignant cells defined a positive cytologic test, sensitivity was 79% (95% CI = 57% to 96%), specificity was 64% (95% CI = 46% to 83%), and accuracy was 69% (95% CI = 55% to 83%). When all 31 cytologically evaluable breasts were analyzed, sensitivity was 17% (95% CI = 7% to 35%), specificity was 100% (95% CI = 5% to 100%), and accuracy was 19% (95% CI = 9% to 38%). Conclusion: In breasts with cancer, ductal lavage appears to have low sensitivity and high specificity for cancer detection, possibly because cancer-containing ducts fail to yield fluid or have benign or mildly atypical cytology.
Infusion of bcr/abl peptide-reactive donor T cells to achieve molecular remission of chronic myeloid leukemia after CD34+ selected allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: M Bornhauser, C Thiede, J Babatz, J Schetelig, T Illmer, A Kiani, U Platzbecker, W Herr, E-P Rieber, G Ehninger, M Schmitz
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Reduced Force Generating Capacity in Myocytes From Chronically Ischemic, Hibernating Myocardium
Authors: Virginie Bito, Jolanda van der Velden, Piet Claus, Christoph Dommke, Alfons Van Lommel, Luc Mortelmans, Erik Verbeken, Bart Bijnens, Ger Stienen, Karin R. Sipido
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The contractile dysfunction of the hibernating myocardium in situ results from local environmental factors, but also from intrinsic cellular remodelling that may determine reversibility. Previous studies have suggested defects in myofilament Ca 2+ responsiveness. We prepared single myocytes from control (CTRL, n pigs =7) and from hibernating myocardium (HIB, n pigs =8), removed the membranes and measured isometric force development during direct activation of the myofilaments. One- and 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and specific phosphoprotein immunoblotting were performed on tissue homogenates from matched samples. Cellular ultrastructure was evaluated using electron microscopy. Normalized for cross-sectional area, passive force was not different but maximal isometric force was significantly reduced in myocytes from HIB (11.6±1.5 kN/m 2 versus 18.7±1.6 kN/m 2 in CTRL, P &lt;0.05). Ca 2+ sensitivity and steepness of the normalized force-pCa relationship were not different, and neither was the rate of force redevelopment (K tr ). No alterations were observed in isoform expression, phosphorylation or degradation of specific myofibrillar proteins. However, in HIB samples the total protein volume density was decreased by 23% ( P &lt;0.05). Histology showed glycogen accumulation and electron microscopy confirmed a reduction in myofilament density from 69.9±1.9% in CTRL to 57.1±0.9% of cell volume in HIB ( P &lt;0.05). In conclusion, decreased potential for force development in the hibernating myocardium is related to a reduction of myofibrillar protein per cell volume unit with replacement by glycogen and mitochondria. These changes may contribute to slow functional recovery on revascularization.
Treatment of extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: A. M. M. El-Sharkawi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Treatment of extramammary Paget's disease Get access A. M. M. El‐Sharkawi A. M. M. El‐Sharkawi Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology Singleton Hospital Sketty Swansea SA2 8QA. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 6, 1 June 1996, Page 1154, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07967.x Published: 01 June 1996
Progressive atrioventricular conduction defects and heart failure in mice expressing a mutant Csx/Nkx2.5 homeoprotein
Authors: Hideko Kasahara, Hiroko Wakimoto, Margaret Liu, Colin T. Maguire, Kimber L. Converso, Tetsuo Shioi, Weei-Yuarn Huang, Warren J. Manning, David Paul, Joel Lawitts, Charles I. Berul, Seigo Izumo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

A DNA nonbinding mutant of the NK2 class homeoprotein Nkx2.5 dominantly inhibits cardiogenesis in Xenopus embryos, causing a small heart to develop or blocking heart formation entirely. Recently, ten heterozygous CSX/NKX2.5 homeoprotein mutations were identified in patients with congenital atrioventricular (AV) conduction defects. All four missense mutations identified in the human homeodomain led to markedly reduced DNA binding. To examine the effect of a DNA binding–impaired mutant of mouse Csx/Nkx2.5 in the embryonic heart, we generated transgenic mice expressing one such allele, I183P, under the β-myosin heavy chain promoter. Unexpectedly, transgenic mice were born apparently normal, but the accumulation of Csx/Nkx2.5(I183P) mutant protein in the embryo, neonate, and adult myocardium resulted in progressive and profound cardiac conduction defects and heart failure. P-R prolongation observed at 2 weeks of age rapidly progressed into complete AV block as early as 4 weeks of age. Expression of connexins 40 and 43 was dramatically decreased in the transgenic heart, which may contribute to the conduction defects in the transgenic mice. This transgenic mouse model may be useful in the study of the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction associated with CSX/NKX2.5 mutations in humans.
Does the addition of high-dose vitamin D3 reduce the period of time required for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis?
Authors: J. Reed
Journal: Thorax (2011)

This double-blind randomised placebo control trial investigated the addition of four doses of 2.5 mg of vitamin D3 to intensive phase antimicrobial therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) for tuberculosis and the effect upon culture conversion rates. Time to conversion was measured at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days compared …
Albumin but not fibrinogen synthesis correlates with galactose elimination capacity in patients with cirrhosis of the liver
Authors: P E Ballmer, J Reichen, M A McNurlan, A B Sterchi, S E Anderson, P J Garlick
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Albumin and fibrinogen synthesis rates were measured in 15 subjects with different clinical stages of postviral cirrhosis and compared with galactose elimination capacity and aminopyrin breath test. Forty–three mg per kg body weight [2H5ring]phenylalanine with an isotopic enrichment of 10 atom% were intravenously injected. [2H5ring]phenylalanine enrichments in the plasma–free phenylalanine and the albumin and fibrinogen isolates were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fractional synthesis rates of albumin were normal in Child A cirrhosis (7.6 ± 2.2%d), but were lower in both Child B (3.5 ± 0.8%d) and C (4.5 ± 2.8%d). Absolute rates of albumin synthesis were (103 ± 30 mg/kg/d) in the child A group and substantially lower in the Child B (50 ± 3 mg/kg/d) and C (36 ± 20 mg/kg/d) group. The average fractional synthesis rate of fibrinogen was 16.7 ± 7.5%d and the absolute synthesis rate 11.6 ± 6.4 mg/kg/d. The values of the galactose elimination capacity and the aminopyrin breath test were below the normal range in all patients, gradually decreasing with an increase in the severity of the clinical stage of cirrhosis. Albumin synthesis rates significantly correlated with the Child scores, the galactose elimination capacity, and the aminopyrin breath test, whereas fibrinogen synthesis rates showed no such correlations.
Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: J.P. Nolan, P.T. Morley, T.L. Vanden Hoek, R.W. Hickey, W.G.J. Kloeck, J. Billi, B.W. Böttiger, P.T. Morley, J.P. Nolan, K. Okada, C. Reyes, M. Shuster, P.A. Steen, M.H. Weil, V. Wenzel, R.W. Hickey, P. Carli, T.L. Vanden Hoek, D. Atkins
Journal: Circulation (2003)
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as a cause of Crohn's disease
Authors: D S Grimes
Journal: Gut (2002)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Adriamycin (ADR) has broad-spectrum effect such as anti-tumour and antibiotic, but it is limited the application for its dose-dependent cardiac toxicity. PICK1 is the interaction protein of PKC, which has been suggested as a potential drug target against brain ischaemia, pain and cocaine addiction. Our previous study has shown that the expression of PICK1 has increased in ADR-induced toxic myocarditis. In this study, the possible protect effect of FSC231, the specifical PDZ domain inhibitor of PICK1, against ADR-induced toxic myocarditis were carried out. <h3>Methods</h3> An experimental ADR-induced toxic myocarditis model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ADR (3mg/kg) one day intervals on 14 consecutive days in mice. FSC231 (0.1ml/10g, 25 μM) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection on 14 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed and their hearts were harvested for marker enzyme, histologic and molecular biologic analysis. The expression of PKCα and PICK1 were tested by Western blot. <h3>Results</h3> Results showed that the myocardial fibre necrosis and the higher of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in myocardium were found in ADR-induced toxic myocarditis model group. Administration of FSC231 protected the injury of myocardium and reduced the content of LDH. The levels of malondialdehyde in myocardium significantly decreased in FSC231-treated group. The protein expression of PKCα and PICK1 increased in ADR-induced toxic myocarditis model group. Treatment with FSC231 did not reduced the expression of PKCα. Administration of FSC231 failed to reduced the total membrane and cytolic expression of PICK1 but inhibited the increasing membrane expression of PICK1. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings indicate that the protective effect of PICK1 on ADR-induced toxic myocarditis is involved in the alleviation of myocardium injury by reducing oxidative stress partially via inhibition of PICK1 protein. This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant 81000576 to Fei Cai, and NSFC Grant 31000249 to JH Wang, and Foundation of Department of Education of Hubei Province Q20112801, 20112804 to Fei Cai, and Cai-Rong Li
Changes in Sputum Eosinophils Predict Loss of Asthma Control
Authors: ANON JATAKANON, SAM LIM, PETER J. BARNES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Exacerbations of asthma are likely to be due to an increase in airway inflammation. We have studied noninvasive markers of airway inflammation in asthma exacerbations induced by reducing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids. Following a 2-wk run-in period, mild exacerbations were induced in subjects with stable asthma controlled with medium- to high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (beclomethasone dipropionate ⩾ 800 μ g or equivalent daily) by switching them to budesonide 200 μ g daily given from a dry-powder inhaler (Turbohaler). Fifteen subjects were enrolled and were seen twice weekly for 8 wk after steroid reduction. At each visit, exhaled nitric oxide (NO), and methacholine airway responsiveness were measured and spirometry and sputum induction were performed. Mild exacerbation was defined as: (1) a decrease in morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) of ⩾ 20% but < 30% on at least two consecutive days as compared with the mean for the last 7 d of the run-in period; (2) awakening on two consecutive nights because of asthma; or (3) increased use of a short-acting β2-agonist to eight or more puffs daily. Eight subjects did not develop exacerbations during the 8-wk study, whereas seven subjects developed mild exacerbations at Week 4 (n = 1), Week 6 (n = 1), and Week 8 (n = 5). The only significant difference between these two groups at baseline was a higher baseline sputum eosinophil count in subjects with subsequent exacerbations (p < 0.05). The increases in sputum eosinophils and exhaled NO were correlated with decreases in airway function, including decreases in morning PEF and FEV1. However, multiple regression analysis suggested that the change in sputum eosinophils is a potentially useful marker in predicting loss of asthma control reflected by loss of airway function. Jatakanon A, Lim S, Barnes PJ. Changes in sputum eosinophils predict loss of asthma control.
Risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: A Faustini
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in western countries has been attributed to the HIV epidemic, immigration, and drug resistance. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by the transmission of multidrug resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strains in new cases, or by the selection of single drug resistant strains induced by previous treatment. The aim of this report is to determine risk factors for MDR-TB in Europe. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review was conducted of published reports of risk factors associated with MDR-TB in Europe. Meta-analysis, meta-regression, and sub-grouping were used to pool risk estimates of MDR-TB and to analyse associations with age, sex, immigrant status, HIV status, occurrence year, study design, and area of Europe. <b>Results:</b> Twenty nine papers were eligible for the review from 123 identified in the search. The pooled risk of MDR-TB was 10.23 times higher in previously treated than in never treated cases, with wide heterogeneity between studies. Study design and geographical area were associated with MDR-TB risk estimates in previously treated patients; the risk estimates were higher in cohort studies carried out in western Europe (RR 12.63; 95% CI 8.20 to 19.45) than in eastern Europe (RR 8.53; 95% CI 6.57 to 11.06). National estimates were possible for six countries. MDR-TB cases were more likely to be foreign born (odds ratio (OR) 2.46; 95% CI 1.86 to 3.24), younger than 65 years (OR 2.53; 95% CI 1.74 to 4.83), male (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.65), and HIV positive (OR 3.52; 95% CI 2.48 to 5.01). <b>Conclusions:</b> Previous treatment was the strongest determinant of MDR-TB in Europe. Detailed study of the reasons for inadequate treatment could improve control strategies. The risk of MDR-TB in foreign born people needs to be re-evaluated, taking into account any previous treatment.
Pharmacokinetics in the Ovine Maternal-Fetal Unit
Authors: H H Szeto
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1982)

Our primary concern in the use of drugs during pregnancy is the adverse effects that these drugs may produce on the developing fetus. It is now evident that the placenta does not act as a barrier to protect the fetus against exposure to most drugs consumed by the mother during pregnancy. The intensity of drug effects in the fetus or the neonate is a function of the extent of fetal exposure to the drug following maternal administration, and the pharmacodynamic actions of the drug on the mother and fetus. For drugs which have similar pharmacodynamic actions in the maternal-fetal unit, the magnitude of pharmacologic effects will be greatly influenced by the pharmacokinetics of their disposition in the maternal-fetal unit. Information on maternal-fetal pharmacokinetics in humans has been restricted for both technical and ethical reasons, and available data are limited to single time point determinations of maternal and fetal drug concentrations at the time of delivery. Serial determinations of maternal and fetal drug concentrations over time are also not practical in the smaller laboratory animals. Most of the currently available information on maternal-fetal phar­ macokinetics has been obtained using the pregnant ewe. The major advan­ tage of the ewe is the relatively large size of the fetus. The fetal lamb in the third trimester is large enough to permit the implantation of catheters in the fetal blood vessels, making it possible to obtain fetal blood samples without sacrificing the animal. Initially, most studies were carried out with the ewe under anesthesia. However, increasing recognition that maternal
Long-term Renal Function After Urinary Diversion by Ileal Conduit or Orthotopic Ileal Bladder Substitution
Authors: Xiao-Dong Jin, Simone Roethlisberger, Fiona C. Burkhard, Frédéric Birkhaeuser, Harriet C. Thoeny, Urs E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Risk of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms in primary care: population based case-control study
Authors: W. Hamilton, T. J Peters, C. Bankhead, D. Sharp
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To identify and quantify symptoms of ovarian cancer in women in primary care. <b>Design</b> Case-control study, with coding of participants’ primary care records for one year before diagnosis. <b>Setting</b> 39 general practices in Devon, England. <b>Participants</b> 212 women aged over 40 with a diagnosis of primary ovarian cancer, 2000-7; 1060 controls matched by age and general practice. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Odds ratios and positive predictive values for symptoms from conditional logistic regression analyses. <b>Results</b> Seven symptoms were associated with ovarian cancer in multivariable analysis. The univariable positive predictive values and multivariable odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) for these were 2.5% (1.2% to 5.9%) and 240 (46 to 1200) for abdominal distension; 0.5% (0.2% to 0.9%) and 24 (9.3 to 64) for postmenopausal bleeding; 0.6% (0.3% to 1.0%) and 17 (6.1 to 50) for loss of appetite; 0.2% (0.1% to 0.3%) and 16 (5.6 to 48) for increased urinary frequency; 0.3% (0.2% to 0.3%) and 12 (6.1 to 22) for abdominal pain; 0.2% (0.1% to 0.4%) and 7.6 (2.5 to 23) for rectal bleeding; and 0.3% (0.2% to 0.6%) and 5.3 (1.8 to 16) for abdominal bloating. In 181 (85%) cases and 164 (15%) controls at least one of these seven symptoms was reported to primary care before diagnosis. After exclusion of symptoms reported in the 180 days before diagnosis, abdominal distension, urinary frequency, and abdominal pain remained independently associated with a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. <b>Conclusions</b> Women with ovarian cancer usually have symptoms and report them to primary care, sometimes months before diagnosis. This study provides an evidence base for selection of patients for investigation, both for clinicians and for developers of guidelines.
THE FATE OF HUMAN AND BOVINE TUBERCLE BACILLI IN VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Max B. Lurie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

In this study the attempt has been made to follow the fate of tubercle bacilli in the lung, liver, spleen, kidney and bone marrow of rabbits infected intravenously with large and small doses of human and bovine tubercle bacilli by determining the number of colonies recoverable from similar quantities of tissue on egg media at varying intervals during the course of infection. This method offers certain possibili-ties for the elucidation of this problem precluded by the modes of attack used hitherto. Histological methods, while giving precise data in regard to tissue changes produced by the tubercle bacilli, are poor instruments for determining the fate of the bacilli in a given organ. Without stressing the notorious difficulties in staining the organism at all times, histological technique can give no definite answer to the question whether certain stained bacilli are living or dead, and it is the number of living bacilli that is of importance. Again animal inoculation, while an excellent index of the presence of living virulent bacilli, is a very inaccurate index of the number of living bacilli in a given specimen of tissue, for it is possible to infect guinea pigs with even a very few bacilli.
Paraphilias in the DSM-5
Authors: Anthony R. Beech, Michael H. Miner, David Thornton
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2016)

This review summarizes and critically examines the changes in how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) characterizes paraphilias. Attention is paid to the diagnostic options that were included in DSM-5, the decision not to include criterion sets for two additional disorders (paraphilic coercive disorder and hypersexual behavior disorder), and the further decision not to modify the diagnosis of pedophilic to pedohebephilic disorder. The three most significant changes are (a) the move to distinguish paraphilias from paraphilic disorders (allowing unusual sexual interests to be studied by researchers but only regarded as disorders when they cause distress or dysfunction), (b) introducing criteria describing paraphilic disorders as being in remission (when they no longer cause distress or dysfunction), and (c) clarifying the relationship between behavior and paraphilias. Concerns are noted about the forensic use of diagnoses and the lack of funding for field trials in this revision of the DSM. Suggestions are given for future directions in order to further research efficacy and clinical diagnosis.