tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calcium-sensing receptor antagonists abrogate airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in allergic asthma
Authors: Polina L. Yarova, Alecia L. Stewart, Venkatachalem Sathish, Rodney D. Britt, Michael A. Thompson, Alexander P. P. Lowe, Michelle Freeman, Bharathi Aravamudan, Hirohito Kita, Sarah C. Brennan, Martin Schepelmann, Thomas Davies, Sun Yung, Zakky Cholisoh, Emma J. Kidd, William R. Ford, Kenneth J. Broadley, Katja Rietdorf, Wenhan Chang, Mohd E. Bin Khayat, Donald T. Ward, Christopher J. Corrigan, Jeremy P. T. Ward, Paul J. Kemp, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash, Daniela Riccardi
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Calcilytics reduce airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and may represent effective asthma therapeutics.
Abstract 1690: Tumor-educated macrophages promote tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis in an orthotopic nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rhiana Menen, Mohamed K. Hassanein, Masashi Momiyama, Atsushi Suetsugu, Abdool R. Moossa, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract There is a strong association between poor survival and increased macrophage density in many cancers. In the current study, we determined whether macrophages from tumor-bearing mice (tumor-educated macrophages) had greater tumor-promoting capability than macrophages from non-tumor-bearing mice. Ten transgenic nude mice ubiquitously-expressing GFP were injected subcutaneously with the human pancreatic cancer cell line, BXPC3 stably expressing RFP. GFP-expressing macrophages from tumor-bearing transgenic GFP mice were harvested and defined as “tumor-educated macrophages”. Macrophages were also harvested from transgenic GFP mice (n=10) without subcutaneous tumors and identified as “naïve macrophages.” Three groups of mice were studied: 1) A control group without addition of macrophages (n=10); 2) A naïve group, with weekly intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 106 naïve macrophages per mouse (n=10); and 3) A tumor-educated group, with weekly ip injection of 106 tumor-educated macrophages per mouse (n=10). The study ended with termination of the tumor-educated group after 8 weeks due to a pre-morbid state identified in all mice. At this time, all mice in each of the three study arms were terminated, imaging was performed, and total tumor weight was obtained. In the control group, the average primary tumor weighed 668 mg; only three mice (30%) developed peritoneal metastases with an average weight of 241 mg. The naïve-macrophage group had an average tumor weight of 823 mg (p=0.51); 50% developed peritoneal metastases with an average weight of 975 mg (p=0.029). The tumor-educated-macrophage group had an average primary tumor weight of 2095 mg (p=0.001); 75% of mice developed peritoneal metastases with an average weight of 2135 mg (p=0.008). When comparing naïve- to tumor-educated- groups, primary tumor weight was significantly greater in the tumor-educated group (p=0.003), and the average weight of metastasis was 2.2 times greater in the tumor educated group, however this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.17). When comparing naïve- to tumor-educated-groups, there was no statistically significant difference with regard to body weight (p=0.87), or weight of metastasis (p=0.68); however primary tumor weight was significantly greater in the tumor-educated group (p=0.013). Tumor-educated-macrophages specifically promote tumor growth progression in an orthotopic nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1690. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1690
Preexisting BCG-Specific T Cells Improve Intravesical Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Claire Biot, Cyrill A. Rentsch, Joel R. Gsponer, Frédéric D. Birkhäuser, Hélène Jusforgues-Saklani, Fabrice Lemaître, Charlotte Auriau, Alexander Bachmann, Philippe Bousso, Caroline Demangel, Lucie Peduto, George N. Thalmann, Matthew L. Albert
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Preexisting immunity to BCG improves treatment response to intravesical BCG therapy for bladder cancer in mouse models and humans.
Breast feeding and childhood asthma
Authors: W. H Oddy
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Asthma is the most chronic disease of childhood and the leading cause of morbidity in children globally as measured by emergency department visits, hospitalisations and days of missed school.1 Susceptibility to asthma may be increased by factors present early in life, including low birth weight, preterm birth, young maternal age and male gender. Environmental allergens including household smoking, house dust mite, grasses or pollens are also implicated. Conversely, early exposure to respiratory infections may be protective, although certain infections are suspected to increase the risk. Against this complex aetiological background, there is some evidence that breast feeding may protect against the development of asthma in children.2 3

In this issue of Thorax , a birth cohort study by Scholtens and colleagues assesses whether the association between breast feeding and asthma measured longitudinally from 1 to 8 years of age is influenced by maternal and paternal allergy ( see page 604 ). The main finding of the study confirmed that breast feeding for >16 weeks was significantly associated with reduced asthma prevalence from 3 to 8 years without evidence of attenuation and regardless of family history.4

The study population consisted of 3963 Dutch children born in 1996/1997 who participated in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort study and who were followed every year for 8 years. Asthma was defined as at least one attack of wheeze and/or dyspnoea and/or prescription of inhalation steroids in the last year. Chronic asthma was defined as asthma diagnosis at 8 years with asthma diagnosis in at least two other years. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to common airborne allergens and bronchial hyper-responsiveness were measured according to a standard protocol. Breast feeding was measured at 3 months and at 1 …
Enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma presenting as an isolated CNS lymphoma three years after diagnosis of coeliac disease: T cell receptor polymerase chain reaction studies failed to show the original enteropathy to be a clonal disorder.
Authors: A N Tutt, M Brada, S A Sampson
Journal: Gut (1997)

A case of enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma is reported in a 45 year old woman, presenting with isolated disease in the CNS, three years after diagnosis of coeliac disease. Initial staging showed no evidence of gastrointestinal tract lymphoma. A presumptive diagnosis of T cell primary cerebral lymphoma was made and the patient was treated with combination chemotherapy and craniospinal radiotherapy. The patient relapsed, seven months after treatment, with small bowel lymphoma. The immunophenotype and T cell receptor polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the same tumour as in the CNS. Retrospective polymerase chain reaction analysis of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the duodenal biopsy sample, taken at the time of diagnosis of coeliac disease, failed to show evidence of a clonal T cell proliferation.
Abnormal lipid peroxidation in patients with sleep apnoea
Authors: A. Barceló, C. Miralles, F Barbé, M Vila, S Pons, A.G.N Agustí
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is increased in patients with the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The fall and rise of arterial oxygenation that follows each apnoea may increase lipid peroxidation and contributes to explaining this association. In the present study, the authors determined lipid peroxidation in patients with OSAS and the effect of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Fourteen male patients with severe OSAS (59+/-5 apnoea x h(-1)) (+/-SEM) and 13 healthy nonsmoking, male volunteers of similar age were studied. Patients were studied at diagnosis and after treatment with CPAP for more than 1 yr (&gt;4 h x night(-1)). A venous blood sample was obtained early in the morning after fasting all night. In patients with OSAS, a sample before and during sleep was also obtained. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation. Their level of oxidation was determined by the thiobarbituric acid assay (TBARs), and their susceptibility to oxidation by the lag phase measurement. Patients with OSAS showed higher TBARs (28.1+/-2.8 versus 20.0+/-1.8 nmol x malondialdehyde x mgLDL protein(-1), p=0.02) and shorter lag phase values (83.8+/-3.4 versus 99.7+/-3.4 min, p=0.005) than controls. These differences were not due to the smoking status of the patient. Likewise, these values did not change significantly throughout the night yet, the lag phase value was significantly improved by treatment with CPAP (124.9+/-8.5 min; p&lt;0.001). These results indicate that obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is associated with abnormal lipid peroxidation and that this is improved by chronic use of Continuous positive airway pressure. These results can contribute towards explaining the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases seen in Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Randomized Phase III Study of Thoracic Radiation in Combination With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin With or Without Thalidomide in Patients With Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The ECOG 3598 Study
Authors: Tien Hoang, Suzanne E. Dahlberg, Joan H. Schiller, Minesh P. Mehta, Thomas J. Fitzgerald, Steven A. Belinsky, David H. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The primary objective of this study was to compare the survival of patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with combined chemoradiotherapy with or without thalidomide.Patients were randomly assigned to the control arm (PC) involving two cycles of induction paclitaxel 225 mg/m(2) and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 6 followed by 60 Gy thoracic radiation administered concurrently with weekly paclitaxel 45 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC 2, or to the experimental arm (TPC), receiving the same treatment in combination with thalidomide at a starting dose of 200 mg daily. The protocol allowed an increase in thalidomide dose up to 1,000 mg daily based on patient tolerability.A total of 546 patients were eligible, including 275 in the PC arm and 271 in the TPC arm. Median overall survival, progression-free survival, and overall response rate were 15.3 months, 7.4 months, and 35.0%, respectively, for patients in the PC arm, in comparison with 16.0 months (P = .99), 7.8 months (P = .96), and 38.2% (P = .47), respectively, for patients in the TPC arm. Overall, there was higher incidence of grade 3 toxicities in patients treated with thalidomide. Several grade 3 or higher events were observed more often in the TPC arm, including thromboembolism, fatigue, depressed consciousness, dizziness, sensory neuropathy, tremor, constipation, dyspnea, hypoxia, hypokalemia, rash, and edema. Low-dose aspirin did not reduce the thromboembolic rate.The addition of thalidomide to chemoradiotherapy increased toxicities but did not improve survival in patients with locally advanced NSCLC.
Interrupter Resistance in Preschool Children
Authors: PETER J. F. M. MERKUS, JACQUELINE Y. MIJNSBERGEN, WIM C. J. HOP, JOHAN C. de JONGSTE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

There is a need for quick, reliable, and noninvasive lung function tests to assess airway obstruction in preschool children both for pediatric pulmonary care as well as for research purposes. We studied feasibility, reproducibility, and validity of measurements of the respiratory system using the interrupter technique (interrupter resistance [Rint]) and obtained reference values in children from a general population, 2 to 7 yr of age. Accuracy was studied by comparisons of Rint with plethysmographic airway resistance (Raw) in 20 patients (7 to 14 yr) with mild to severe chronic airways obstruction and was satisfactory in patients with FEV(1) > 60% predicted. The technique proved sensitive enough to detect changes in airway caliber within a small group of 12 children who developed mild respiratory tract infections. Among children from a general population, subgroups with mild respiratory symptoms or mild respiratory disease had higher mean Rint values. Airway obstruction was better detected using expiratory rather than inspiratory interruptions, both programmed at peak tidal ventilatory flow. Reproducibility within subjects was satisfactory (intraclass correlation 0.82 and 0.79). The same applied to interobserver agreement (intraclass correlation 0.98). The interrupter technique proves to be a reliable and practical test of airway function, suitable for clinical and epidemiologic studies in preschool children.
AFRICAN BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA AND AN EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-ENHANCING PLANT EUPHORBIA TRIUCALLI
Authors: T. Osato, S. Imai, S. Koizumi, F. Mizuno, T. Aya, T. Kinoshita, H. Tokuda, Y. Ito, N. Hirai, H. Ohigashi, M. Hirota, K. Koshimizu, W.M. Kofi-Tsekpo, J.B.O. Were, M. Mugambi
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Vibratory angioedema: lesion induction, clinical features, laboratory and ultrastructural findings and response to therapy
Authors: FRANCES LAWLOR, ANNE KOBZA BLACK, A.S. BREATHNACH, M.W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

We report the investigation and treatment of a 28-year-old woman with the rare condition of non-familial vibratory angiodema. Lesions were reproduced using a vibrator set at pre-determined frequencies and amplitudes, applied for a fixed time period. There was no indication of the production of tolerance in the patient with repeated vibration, but terfenadine produced a good therapeutic response. There was no evidence of mast cell degranulation at the ultrastructural level. The patient also had mild delayed pressure urticaria and dermographism, thus demonstrating the clustering frequently found in the physical urticarias.
Doctor #117641: A Holocaust Memoir
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In the Passover Haggadah it is written that the story of the Exodus should be told and retold through eternity. In this light so should tales of the Holocaust be repeated. Possibly the Passover and the Holocaust are the most universally meaningful events of Jewish experience—one of the archaic and the other of the modern world. <i>Doctor #117641</i>is an autobiographical work that is not unique in either a literary or a scholarly sense, since the author's intention seems to have been mainly to chronicle the events of a hapless soul caught up in the horrible violence of the "Final Solution." By the author's admission, because he was an intelligent young physician blessed with plenty of luck, his life in the concentration camps was not as bad as that of most other victims. In fact, his fiancée, a nurse (in fact, they never married), probably had a far worse experience,
Bcl-2 over-expression fails to prevent age-related loss of calretinin positive neurons in the mouse dentate gyrus
Authors: Mingbo Han, Frank Schottler, Debin Lei, Elizabeth Y Dong, Alexander Bryan, Jianxin Bao
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2006)

Abstract Background Cognitive performance declines with increasing age. Possible cellular mechanisms underlying this age-related functional decline remain incompletely understood. Early studies attributed this functional decline to age-related neuronal loss. Subsequent studies using unbiased stereological techniques found little or no neuronal loss during aging. However, studies using specific cellular markers found age-related loss of specific neuronal types. To test whether there is age-related loss of specific neuronal populations in the hippocampus, and subsequently, whether over-expression of the B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2) in these neurons could delay possible age-related neuronal loss, we examined calretinin (CR) positive neurons in the mouse dentate gyrus during aging. Result In normal mice, there was an age-related loss of CR positive cells in the dentate gyrus. At the same region, there was no significant decrease of total numbers of neurons, which suggested that age-related loss of CR positive cells was due to the decrease of CR expression in these cells instead of cell death. In the transgenic mouse line over-expressing Bcl-2 in neurons, there was an age-related loss of CR positive cells. Interestingly, there was also an age-related neuronal loss in this transgenic mouse line. Conclusion These data suggest an age-related loss of CR positive neurons but not total neuronal loss in normal mice and this age-related neuronal change is not prevented by Bcl-2 over-expression.
Association between leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy and Churg-Strauss syndrome: an analysis of the FDA AERS database
Authors: S. Bibby, B. Healy, R. Steele, K. Kumareswaran, H. Nelson, R. Beasley
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> The possible role of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) therapy in the pathogenesis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is uncertain. The aim was to examine the association between LTRA therapy and CSS in cases registered in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database. <h3>Methods</h3> All cases of suspected drug-induced CSS reported to the AERS database between November 1997 and April 2003 were reviewed. Subjects in whom LTRAs were the suspected medication and sufficient documentation existed to confirm the diagnosis of CSS were sequentially categorised into one of the following groups: (A) CSS before treatment initiation; (B) oral or inhaled corticosteroids reduced or stopped within 6 months of CSS onset; (C) possible prodromal phase of CSS at treatment initiation; (D) unstable asthma at treatment initiation; (E) stable asthma at treatment initiation. <h3>Results</h3> There were 181 case reports of suspected drug-induced CSS with sufficient documentation to confirm a diagnosis of CSS; in 163 (90%) an LTRA was a suspect medication. In 140 of these 163 cases there was sufficient documentation to sequentially categorise the case into groups, with 13 (9%) in A, 27 (19%) in B, 11 (8%) in C, 28 (20%) in D and 61 (44%) in E. <h3>Conclusion</h3> LTRA therapy was a suspect medication in most confirmed cases of CSS reported in the AERS database. In the majority of cases treated with an LTRA, CSS could not be explained by either corticosteroid withdrawal or pre-existing CSS. These findings are informative in considering the potential associations between LTRA therapy and CSS.
Fossil Rhabdoviral Sequences Integrated into Arthropod Genomes: Ontogeny, Evolution, and Potential Functionality
Authors: P. Fort, A. Albertini, A. Van-Hua, A. Berthomieu, S. Roche, F. Delsuc, N. Pasteur, P. Capy, Y. Gaudin, M. Weill
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Retroelements represent a considerable fraction of many eukaryotic genomes and are considered major drives for adaptive genetic innovations. Recent discoveries showed that despite not normally using DNA intermediates like retroviruses do, Mononegaviruses (i.e., viruses with nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA genomes) can integrate gene fragments into the genomes of their hosts. This was shown for Bornaviridae and Filoviridae, the sequences of which have been found integrated into the germ line cells of many vertebrate hosts. Here, we show that Rhabdoviridae sequences, the major Mononegavirales family, have integrated only into the genomes of arthropod species. We identified 185 integrated rhabdoviral elements (IREs) coding for nucleoproteins, glycoproteins, or RNA-dependent RNA polymerases; they were mostly found in the genomes of the mosquito Aedes aegypti and the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis. Phylogenetic analyses showed that most IREs in A. aegypti derived from multiple independent integration events. Since RNA viruses are submitted to much higher substitution rates as compared with their hosts, IREs thus represent fossil traces of the diversity of extinct Rhabdoviruses. Furthermore, analyses of orthologous IREs in A. aegypti field mosquitoes sampled worldwide identified an integrated polymerase IRE fragment that appeared under purifying selection within several million years, which supports a functional role in the host's biology. These results show that A. aegypti was subjected to repeated Rhabdovirus infectious episodes during its evolution history, which led to the accumulation of many integrated sequences. They also suggest that like retroviruses, integrated rhabdoviral sequences may participate actively in the evolution of their hosts.
Dietary antioxidants and forced expiratory volume in 1 s decline: the Health, Aging and Body Composition study
Authors: A.R. Bentley, S.B. Kritchevsky, T.B. Harris, P. Holvoet, R.L. Jensen, A.B. Newman, J.S. Lee, S. Yende, D. Bauer, P.A. Cassano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Increased antioxidant defences are hypothesised to decrease age- and smoking-related decline in lung function. The relationship between dietary antioxidants, smoking and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) was investigated in community-dwelling older adults in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study. 1,443 participants completed a food frequency questionnaire, self-reported smoking history and had measurements taken of FEV 1 at both baseline and after 4 yrs of follow-up. The association of dietary intake of nutrients and foods with antioxidant properties and rate of FEV 1 decline was investigated using hierarchical linear regression models. In continuing smokers (current smokers at both time-points), higher vitamin C intake and higher intake of fruit and vegetables were associated with an 18 and 24 mL·yr −1 slower rate of FEV 1 decline compared with a lower intake (p&lt;0.0001 and p=0.003, respectively). In quitters (a current smoker at study baseline who had quit during follow-up), higher intake was associated with an attenuated rate of decline for each nutrient studied (p≤0.003 for all models). In nonsmoking participants, there was little or no association of diet and rate of decline in FEV 1 . The intake of nutrients with antioxidant properties may modulate lung function decline in older adults exposed to cigarette smoke.
Self-management: Enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness
Authors: Ruth McCorkle, Elizabeth Ercolano, Mark Lazenby, Dena Schulman-Green, Lynne S. Schilling, Kate Lorig, Edward H. Wagner
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2011)

With recent improvements in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, people with cancer are living longer, and their cancer may be managed as a chronic illness. Cancer as a chronic illness places new demands on patients and families to manage their own care, and it challenges old paradigms that oncology's work is done after treatment. As a chronic illness, however, cancer care occurs on a continuum that stretches from prevention to the end of life, with early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship in between. In this article, self-management interventions that enable patients and families to participate in managing their care along this continuum are reviewed. Randomized controlled trials of self-management interventions with cancer patients and families in the treatment, survivorship, and end-of-life phases of the cancer care continuum are reviewed, and the Chronic Care Model is presented as a model of care that oncology practices can use to enable and empower patients and families to engage in self-management. It is concluded that the need for a common language with which to speak about self-management and a common set of self-management actions for cancer care notwithstanding, oncology practices can now build strong relationships with their patients and formulate mutually agreed upon care plans that enable and empower patients to care for themselves in the way they prefer. CA Cancer J Clin 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.