tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bundle of His Recordings in Congenital Complete Heart Block
Authors: DAVID T. KELLY, SIDNEY J. BRODSKY, M. MIROWSKI, L. JEROME KROVETZ, RICHARD D. ROWE
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Six children, aged between 3 and 19 years, with congenital complete heart block without associated cardiac disease were studied by His bundle electrography. All were symptomatic with resting ventricular rates over 40 beats/min, and electrocardiograms that showed a normal axis and QRS complex. His bundle to ventricular activation was within the normal range in all and the block was proximal to the bundle of His. Ventricular and atrial pacing did not result in retrograde or antegrade conduction. All the patients were thought to have a lesion proximal to the site where the bundle of His potential was recorded and, therefore, were unlikely to develop symptoms or require treatment.
Rationing breast reduction surgery
Authors: N Horlock, R P Cole, L F A R Rossi
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Gulf war illness Why it took so long to decide to investigateEditor-As it is now six years since the Gulf war, it is reasonable to ask why the problem of Gulf war syndrome has not been resolved. 1 As surgeon general in 1991-4 I want to comment on the unravelling timetable during these six years.At no time have we denied that Gulf veterans have been ill-indeed, whenever possible we have actively recommended their appropriate medical management.Secondly, despite press reports, we have always kept an open mind on the presence of a specific Gulf war syndrome.The Gulf conflict in 1990-1 itself was short, casualties mercifully few, and the sickness rates unremarkable; likewise, when troops returned to the UK the daily sickness rate did not increase.Also at that stage little evidence existed of psychiatric illness or post-traumatic stress syndrome.Some 18 to 24 months later, however, we became aware of a campaign by lawyers to recognise a specific Gulf illness.Up to 200 people were on their books, but despite widespread appeals for them to come forward, including two television appeals, only 15 approached the armed forces medical services.Not surprisingly, among these 15 no pattern of illness emerged.They were all managed appropriately.As we were keen to solve the problem, in October 1993 we appointed a single consultant physician, Group Captain Coker, to see all such patients.At first only a trickle of patients came forward-even by June 1994 (three and half years later) he had seen only 30 patients.Over the next two years, however, these numbers increased so that by January 1997, 1100 had been registered, 920 had been seen and fully investigated, and results had been completed and analysed in 519.A preliminary paper in the summer of 1996 concluded: "From our small database it would not appear that there is a unique cluster of symptoms which would suggest a new pattern of illness in veterans." 2 There was, however, a higher than normal incidence of psychiatric and stress related illness.A large battery of tests was uniformly performed on all the patients, with further investigations as necessary.Now it has been agreed that full epidemiological studies are to be undertaken into the incidence of ill health among UK Gulf war veterans and into their reproductive health.In answering the criticism that these expensive studies should have been instigated earlier, I have tried to show how difficult it has been to decide exactly when this decision could have been made.Early on there were very few patients and no evidence of a syndrome.At all stages we have liaised with our counterparts in the United States.They embarked a little earlier on similar studies as they had similar results to their investigations but dealt with greater numbers.An important reason for writing this letter is because our armed forces may well be placed in similar alien environments in future and we owe it to them to provide the best medical support, which of course includes planned protective and scientifically justified measures against likely threats to their health.
Driven from efficiency to distraction
Authors: G E P Vincenti
Journal: BMJ (1996)

I once came across a comment by Gaius Petronius, written in the first century AD. “We tend to meet each new situation by reorganising, and a wonderful method this can be for creating the illusion of progress, whilst producing confusion, inefficiency and demoralisation.” When I read this my thoughts turned to the reformed NHS, but recent clinical situations have served to broaden such concerns.

A teacher came to see me the other day, worn out by the stress of trying to cope with the new educational reforms. His application for early retirement on health grounds was being questioned. I have seen many like him, crushed by the demands for ever more work and ever higher standards of performance. At first he had been pleased to comply, …
Loss of tolerance in C57BL/6 mice to the autoantigen E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase by a xenobiotic with ensuing biliary ductular disease
Authors: Kanji Wakabayashi, Zhe-Xiong Lian, Patrick S.C. Leung, Yuki Moritoki, Koichi Tsuneyama, Mark J. Kurth, Kit S. Lam, Katsunori Yoshida, Guo-Xiang Yang, Toshifumi Hibi, Aftab A. Ansari, William M. Ridgway, Ross L. Coppel, Ian R. Mackay, M. Eric Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

There have been important advances in defining effector mechanisms for several human autoimmune diseases. However, for most human autoimmune diseases, the induction stage is less well defined and there are very few clues on etiology. Our laboratory has focused on defining the molecular basis of autoantibody recognition and epitope modification in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Our work has demonstrated that antibodies to mitochondria, the hallmark of disease, are directed against a very conserved site of pyruvate dehydrogenase, the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC-E2). We have also demonstrated that several chemical xenobiotics, chosen based on quantitative structural activity relationship analysis and rigorous epitope analysis, when coupled to the lysine residue that normally binds the lipoic acid cofactor of PDC-E2, reacts as well or better to PBC sera than native autoantigen. In the present studies, we immunized C57BL/6 mice with one such xenobiotic, 2-octynoic acid, coupled to bovine serum albumin and we followed the mice for 24 weeks. Animals were studied for appearance of histologic lesions as well as appearance of antibodies to PDC-E2, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, and splenic and liver lymphoid phenotyping by flow cytometry. Mice immunized with 2-octynoic acid manifest autoimmune cholangitis, typical mitochondrial autoantibodies, increased liver lymphoid cell numbers, an increase in CD8(+) liver infiltrating cells, particularly CD8(+) T cells that coexpress CD44, and finally an elevation of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.these data provide a persuasive argument in favor of an environmental origin for human PBC.
A piece of my mind. A simple act
Authors: R. Green
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum levels of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) in relation to markers of reproductive function in young males from the general Swedish population.
Authors: Jonas Richthoff, Lars Rylander, Bo A G Jönsson, Heléne Akesson, Lars Hagmar, Peter Nilsson-Ehle, Mats Stridsberg, Aleksander Giwercman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A time-related deterioration in male reproductive function caused by exposure to endocrine disrupters, including persistent organochlorines (POCs), has been hypothesized. In animal studies, POCs were found to have adverse effects on male reproductive function. However, little is known about the impact of POC exposure on reproductive parameters in men. In a study of 305 young Swedish men 18-21 years old from the general population, we correlated lipid-adjusted serum levels of 2,2',4,4',5,5' -hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153)--an index substance for POC exposure--to markers of male reproductive function: testis size assessed by ultrasound, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility assessed manually and with a computer-aided sperm analyzer (CASA), and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin B, testosterone, sexual hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone, and estradiol. We found weak but statistically significant, negative correlations between CB-153 levels and both the testosterone:SHBG ratio (r = -0.25, p < 0.001)--a measure of the biologically active free testosterone fraction--and CASA sperm motility (r = -0.13, p = 0.02). No statistically significant association with other seminal, hormonal, or clinical markers of male reproductive function was found. In previous studies of more highly POC-exposed groups of adult men, the correlation between POC exposure, including CB-153, and free testosterone levels was not statistically significant. The present study gives some tentative support for weak negative effects of CB-153 exposure on sperm motility and free testosterone levels in young men, but further semen studies on more highly exposed groups may give more firm conclusions on the hazard for male reproductive function from dietary POC exposure.
1152 SEVERE ACUTE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS (AAH) IN FRANCE IN 2008: NATIONWIDE SURVEY RESULTS (AFEF, ANGH, SNFMI)
Authors: E. Nguyen-Khac, J.-F. Cadranel, B. Goichot, J. Denis, J.-P. Bronowicki, T. Thevenot, F. Roudot-Thoraval, S. Naveau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
iNOS Expression in CD4+ T Cells Limits Treg Induction by Repressing TGFβ1: Combined iNOS Inhibition and Treg Depletion Unmask Endogenous Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Padmini Jayaraman, Matthew G. Alfarano, Peter F. Svider, Falguni Parikh, Geming Lu, Sarah Kidwai, Huabao Xiong, Andrew G. Sikora
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in different cellular compartments may have divergent effects on immune function. We used a syngeneic tumor model to functionally characterize the role of iNOS in regulation of CD4(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg), and optimize the beneficial effects of iNOS inhibition on antitumor immunity.Wild-type (WT) or iNOS knockout mice bearing established MT-RET-1 melanoma were treated with the small-molecule iNOS inhibitor L-NIL and/or cyclophosphamide alone or in combination. The effect of iNOS inhibition or knockout on induction of Treg from mouse and human CD4(+) T cells in ex vivo culture was determined in parallel in the presence or absence of TGFβ1-depleting antibodies, and TGFβ1 levels were assessed by ELISA.Whereas intratumoral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were suppressed by iNOS inhibition or knockout, systemic and intratumoral FOXP3(+) Treg levels increased in tumor-bearing mice. iNOS inhibition or knockout similarly enhanced induction of Treg from activated cultured mouse splenocytes or purified human or mouse CD4(+) T cells in a TGFβ1-dependent manner. Although either iNOS inhibition or Treg depletion with low-dose cyclophosphamide alone had little effect on growth of established MT-RET1 melanoma, combination treatment potently inhibited MDSC and Treg, boosted tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T-cell levels, and arrested tumor growth in an immune-dependent fashion.iNOS expression in CD4(+) T cells suppresses Treg induction by inhibiting TGFβ1 production. Our data suggest that iNOS expression has divergent effects on induction of myeloid and lymphoid-derived regulatory populations, and strongly support development of combinatorial treatment approaches that target these populations simultaneously.
Odds ratios and adjusting for confounding
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers investigated the association of cerebral palsy with birth weight and Apgar score five minutes after birth. A population based cohort study design was used. The cohort consisted of 543 064 singletons born without malformations between 1986 and 1995 in Norway who had survived the first year of life. Data were extracted from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Registry of Cerebral Palsy for the 10 year period.1

The prevalence of cerebral palsy was reported to be 18 in 10 000 children. The table⇓ shows the adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios for categorised Apgar score and birth weight for each of the subdiagnoses of cerebral palsy—quadriplegia, diplegia, and hemiplegia.

View this table:

Odds ratios of quadriplegia, diplegia, or hemiplegia according to categorised Apgar score and birth weight



Which of the following statements, if any, are true?

Answers a , b , and d are true, …
Quinidine Therapy after Mitral Valvotomy
Authors: C. P. Aber
Journal: Thorax (1962)

Nearly half a century has passed since quinidine was first used to convert atrial fibrillation to regular sinus rhythm in man (Frey, 1918).There is general agreement nowadays that the cardio- respiratory benefits resulting from the successful reversion of long-standing atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm are worth the risk of quinidine therapy (Hay, 1924; Stroud, LaPlace, and Reisinger, 1932; Kohn and Levine, 1935).However, the published indications, results, and incidence of toxic effects from the use of quinidine in heart disease still vary considerably (Viko,
P1-06-25: Changes in FDG PET SUV Correlates with Ki-67 Following 2 Weeks of Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy in ER+ Early Stage Breast Cancer, a Pilot Imaging Study.
Authors: VK Gadi, BF Kurland, JM Specht, E Rodler, LA Korde, LM Peterson, EK Schubert, X Chai, DA Mankoff, HM Linden
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: In estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors, a low proliferative index (Ki-67) two weeks into endocrine therapy predicts response. FDG PET non-invasively measures tumor sites in vivo. The pre-operative window is an opportunity to assess impact of systemic therapies. We tested associations between FDG PET standardized uptake value (SUV) and Ki-67 after two weeks of aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in newly diagnosed, postmenopausal women. Methods: Postmenopausal patients with clinical stage I-II ER+ HER2− primary tumors underwent a 9–35 day “run-in” of AI monotherapy prior to definitive surgery. FDG PET was performed before AI therapy, and 1–5 days before surgery. Ki-67 was measured in baseline core biopsy and surgical specimens. Results: To date, 18 patients (median age 59) have been enrolled of whom 14 patients have undergone serial FDG PET imaging with 12 completed assessment of Ki-67 in surgical samples including one who had no residual invasive carcinoma. The majority harbored ductal carcinomas (n=16) with 10/18 having histologic grade ≥ 2. The median number of days exposed to AI was 18 (range, 9–35). Baseline SUV ranged from 1.8 to 10.9 (median 2.5), and post run-in SUV (7-34 days later) ranged from 1.0 to 10.7 (median 2.5). A median 14% decrease in SUV was observed between paired FDG PET studies (range, 44% decline to 13% increase). Five of 12 patients’ index lesion FDG SUV declined by 20% or more; all also had Ki-67 ≤5% at surgery. An additional 5 patients with Ki-67 ≤5% at surgery had percentage change in FDG PET SUV of 0% to 17% decline. Results will be updated as accrual is ongoing. Conclusions: Substantial changes in FDG PET SUV in the breast tumor were appreciated early in AI therapy. SUV declined or was stable in all but one patient of 14, and all patients with ≥ 20% decrease in SUV had a low (≤5%) Ki-67 at surgery. Serial PET is a promising measure of early response to therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-25.
Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and in vivo efficacy of cisplatin loaded poly(l-glutamic acid)-g-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) complex nanoparticles for tumor therapy
Authors: Haiyang Yu, Zhaohui Tang, Dawei Zhang, Wantong Song, Ying Zhang, Yan Yang, Zaheer Ahmad, Xuesi Chen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
FcγRIII-Dependent Inhibition of Interferon-γ Responses Mediates Suppressive Effects of Intravenous Immune Globulin
Authors: Kyung-Hyun Park-Min, Natalya V. Serbina, Wentian Yang, Xiaojing Ma, Gerald Krystal, Benjamin G. Neel, Stephen L. Nutt, Xiaoyu Hu, Lionel B. Ivashkiv
Journal: Immunity (2007)
The Effects of Polyunsaturated Fat vs Monounsaturated Fat on Plasma Lipoproteins
Authors: Darlene M. Dreon
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The effect on plasma lipoproteins of exchanging fat type within currently recommended reduced-fat diets was studied in a free-living group of 19 men and 20 women who consumed both a polyunsaturated fat-enriched diet and a monounsaturated fat-enriched diet, each for a 12-week period, with saturated fat and cholesterol held constant. Mean plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein total mass (analytic ultracentrifuge), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL total mass, did not change significantly on exchanging fat type. However, HDL2 cholesterol concentration was 50% higher and HDL3 cholesterol concentration was 7% lower for polyunsaturated compared with monounsaturated fat. Mean total mass of HDL2 was also 23.5% higher and concentration of apolipoprotein B was 5.4% lower on transfer to the polyunsaturated fat diet. Contrary to frequent assertions, we find no advantage with respect to plasma HDL concentrations in using predominantly monounsaturated rather than polyunsaturated fats in subjects who consumed reduced-fat, solid-food diets.
Determinants of induced sustained arrhythmias in survivors of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: C D Swerdlow, G H Bardy, J McAnulty, J Kron, J T Lee, E Graham, J Peterson, H L Greene
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We prospectively studied 196 consecutive survivors of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) not associated with acute myocardial infarction and 46 consecutive, control patients without prior ventricular arrhythmias. Programmed stimulation included two extrastimuli (S3 protocol) in all patients and three extrastimuli (S4 protocol) in the last 140 study patients and in all control patients. Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or VF was not induced in any control patient. In study patients, logistic regression identified two independent predictors of induced, sustained VT for both S3 and S4 protocols: prior spontaneous, sustained VT (37 patients; p less than or equal to .001) and prior myocardial infarction (113 patients; p = .005). With the S3 protocol, sustained VT was induced in 54% of patients with both prior myocardial infarction and prior sustained VT vs 4% without either; with the S4 protocol, sustained VT was induced in 91% vs 13%, respectively. Eighty-three percent of induced VT episodes had a cycle length less than 300 msec, and all required termination by cardioversion or pacing. VF was induced only in survivors of out-of-hospital VF without prior, spontaneous, sustained VT (S3 protocol, 9%; S4 protocol, 24%) but not in study patients with prior sustained VT (S3, p = .10; S4, p = .05) or control patients (S3, p = .06; S4, p = .01). The mean coupling intervals of extrastimuli that induced VF were not significantly different from the intervals that induced sustained VT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus: cohort study (1981-9) among European homosexual men.
Authors: M Melbye, R J Biggar, P Wantzin, K Krogsgaard, P Ebbesen, N G Becker
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence, incidence, and persistence of positivity for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and the potential for sexual transmission of the virus. DESIGN--A cohort analysis covering 1981-9 comparing estimated cumulative incidences of and seroconversion rates for anti-HCV with those of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). SETTING--Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark. SUBJECTS--259 Male members of a Danish homosexual organisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Correlations of prevalence and incidence with a wide range of sexual lifestyle variables. RESULTS--Only four (1.6%) subjects were positive for anti-HCV in 1981. The estimated cumulative incidence of positivity for anti-HCV was 4.1% in 1984 (seroconversion rate during 1981-4 (2.5%)) and remained at 4.1% in 1989 (seroconversion rate nil during 1984-9). In contrast, positivity for anti-HBC rose from 44.0% in 1981 to 52.7% in 1984 (seroconversion rate 15.5%) and 58.8% in 1989 (seroconversion rate 12.9%), and that for anti-HIV rose from 8.8% to 24.0% (seroconversion rate 16.7%) and 30.1% (seroconversion rate 8.0%) respectively. Three anti-HCV positive patients seroreverted three to five years later. None of the anti-HCV positive subjects had had a transfusion and only one gave a past history of intravenous drug use. Variables in sexual lifestyle correlated with the presence of anti-HBc but not with that of anti-HCV. CONCLUSIONS--In contrast with hepatitis B virus and HIV, sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus seems to be a rare event. Furthermore, antibodies to the virus may become undetectable after several years.
Hearing loss in adults requires a holistic tailored approach
Authors: J. Ahmed, A. Thambapillai
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hearing loss in adults is common yet often overlooked.1 The number of people affected has been estimated to rise to 14.5 million by 2031, with hearing loss becoming one of the top 10 diseases affecting the population.2 Around a quarter of people aged 41-70 are affected by at least a moderate level of impairment but only around 3% use hearing aids, a figure barely changed since …
Kidney Lesions Induced in Rats by P-aminophenol
Authors: C. R. Green, K. N. Ham, J. D. Tange
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Necrosis of the terminal third of the proximal convulated tubule develops in rats after a single intravenous injection of p-aminophenol hydrochloride. As the tubules regenerate a chronic inflammatory reaction occurs in the interstitial tissue, and this reaction extends beyond the original zone of injury. These findings are additional evidence that some aromatic compounds are selectively nephrotoxic and may be particularly relevant to the problem of renal damage associated with heavy and prolonged doses of analgesics.
Comparison of Everolimus- and Biolimus-Eluting Coronary Stents With Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds
Authors: Serban Puricel, Diego Arroyo, Noé Corpataux, Gérard Baeriswyl, Sonja Lehmann, Zacharenia Kallinikou, Olivier Muller, Ludovic Allard, Jean-Christophe Stauffer, Mario Togni, Jean-Jacques Goy, Stéphane Cook
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HDL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENDOTHELIAL VASCULAR FUNCTION AFTER SHORT-TERM EXERCISE TRAINING IN PATIENTS WITH THE METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Antonio Casella-Filho, Ivani C. Trombetta, Paulo Dourado, Antonio C. Leite-Junior, Vivian Jonke, Alexandre Segre, Raul Santos, Carlos E. Negrao, Raul C. Maranhao, Antonio Chagas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)