tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A SIMPLE CURATIVE TREATMENT OF CHOLERA
Authors: L. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1910)

TMDICBJOiRNA 835 unique case of calcification of the arteries, and oblitera- tive endarteritis associated with congenital hydronephrosis, in a child aged 6 months.The right foot was gangrenous, and the changes in the anterior tibial artery extreme.The child was fed at the breast for the first two months, and on cow's milk for the last four.In chronic Bright's disease and in advanced granular kidneys the excretion of lime is very defective, and yet in these diseases milk is almost universally prescribed by the medical profession.In the albuminuria of adolescence or orthostatic albuminuria there is no defect in the excretion of lime, and in such cases milk is beneficial.As a matter of ordinary routine in my examination of the urine I always precipitate the lime.This helps me to estimate not merely the activity of the kidneys, but also the calcium content of the blood.If there be no excess in the blood there is not likely to be any excess in the urine, but in all these examinations the condition of the kidneys and the specific gravity of the urine must be taken into account-in urina potu8 you do not expect to find much lime or anything else.In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, I must tbank you for a very patient hearing.I feel that the address has been very long, but I could have made it much longer without exhausting the subject.However, I think I have eaid enough to show you that I attach considerable importance to the lime salts in health and disease.
ON THE TREATMENT OF DIARRHOEA BY DILUTE SULPHURIC ACID
Authors: E. Sheppard
Journal: BMJ (1853)

diagnos8 was rendered eculiarly difficult, from the tumour being posterior to the Daphragm.No murmur war'audible in the tumour, as no btood-current existed therein, nor was there any bruit heard in the abdominal aorta, there being no pressure or other condition productive of murmur,
Effectiveness of joint consultation sessions of general practitioners and orthopaedic surgeons for locomotor-system disorders
Authors: W.P.M Vierhout, J.A Knottnerus, H.F.J.M Crebolder, A.M.K Wesselingh-Megens, G.H.M.I Beusmans, A van Ooij, P Pop
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Toxic shock syndrome associated with the use of the vaginal contraceptive sponge
Authors: R. C. Dart
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The authors present a case of toxic shock syndrome associated with use of a vaginal contraceptive sponge in an 18-year old white nulligravid female.  The patient presented with a 1-day history of vaginal discharge accompanied by fever chills nausea and severe orthostatic dizziness.  The yellow-green discharge had started shortly after the painful removal of a contraceptive sponge which had been in place for 20 hours.  No vaginal tampons had been used.  The Centers for Disease Control had reported 4 cases of toxic shock syndrome in association with vaginal sponge use; overall there appear to be 13 confirmed cases of toxic shock syndrome with this association.  The case presented in this letter differs somewhat from other cases in that the patient was younger menstruating and left the sponge in well under the recommended time of 30 hours.  Although the vaginal sponge is gaining acceptance as a convenient effective contraceptive device with a low incidence of complications physicians should be alert to the possibility of toxic shock syndrome among sponge users.
32P analysis of DNA adducts in tissues of benzene-treated rats.
Authors: M V Reddy, G R Blackburn, C A Schreiner, M A Mehlman, C R Mackerer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Solid tumors have been reported in the Zymbal gland, oral and nasal cavities, liver, and mammary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats following chronic, high-dose administration of benzene. The carcinogenic activity of benzene is thought to be caused by activation to toxic metabolites that can interact with DNA, forming covalent adducts. A nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling assay, having a sensitivity limit of 1 adduct in 10(9-10) DNA nucleotides, was found suitable for measuring aromatic DNA adducts derived in vitro from catechol, benzenetriol (BT), phenol, hydroquinone (HQ), and benzoquinone (BQ), potential metabolites of benzene. When DNA specimens isolated from tissues of female Sprague-Dawley rats at 24 hr after an oral gavage dose of 200 to 500 mg/kg, 5 days/week, in olive oil (3 mL/kg) for 1 day, 1 week, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks were analyzed by the 32P-postlabeling procedure, no aromatic adducts were detected unequivocally with DNA samples of liver, kidney, bone marrow, and mammary gland. With Zymbal gland DNA, three weak spots at levels totaling four lesions per 10(9) DNA nucleotides were seen only after 10 weeks of treatment, and these adducts did not correspond chromatographically to major adducts in vitro from the above specified compounds. Consequently, this finding requires confirmatory experiments. This distinct adduct pattern may relate to tumor induction in this organ following benzene administration. Our results also indicate that DNA adducts derived from catechol, BT, phenol, HQ, and BQ are either not formed in vivo with benzene or formed at levels below the detection limit of 1 adduct per 10(9-10) DNA nucleotides.
Swiss hospital lets terminally ill patients commit suicide in its beds
Authors: Clare Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A Swiss hospital has agreed to allow assisted suicide groups onto their premises to help terminally ill patients die. Lausanne University Hospital has become the first in Europe to allow patients with incurable diseases to end their own lives from a hospital bed, but insists that people choosing assisted suicide must be of “sound mind.”

The decision took two years to reach, said the hospital's legal and ethical director Alberto Crespo. And it has already reignited a heated debate over the extent to which hospitals and doctors should be involved in helping people end their lives.

Switzerland has one of the most liberal laws on assisted suicide in Europe, and people who help …
Updated study contains poor science and should be disregarded
Authors: A. Philips, G. Lamburn
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The update of the Danish cohort study of mobile phone use and cancer risk has the serious flaws present in the original publication.1 2 The first flaw in the update is the correct identification of mobile phone subscribers between 1987 and 1995. This resulted in a participation rate of only 58% of identified early subscribers, with the remaining 42% placed in the “non-exposed” category (which, by the …
Assessment of Chlorophyll as a Deodorant
Authors: J. C. Brocklehurst
Journal: BMJ (1953)

It must be emphasized however, that some children had had little or no food in the morning when the drugs were administered and that the side-effects noted might have been less frequent if the drugs had been given after a meal. SummaryField trials with chloroquine sulphate, pyrimethamine, camoquin, and azacrin (an amino-aza-acridine) were carried out on 120 African schoolchildren with a subclinical natural infection with P. falciparum and P. mnalariae.All four antimalarials have proved to be good schizonticides.The clearance time of parasitaemia due to trophozoites of P. falciparum was shortest with azacrin (1.58 days) and camoquin (1.69 days), closely fol- lowed by pyrimethamine (1.84 or 1.77 days) and chloro- quine sulphate (1.78 or 1.95 days).None of the four drugs shows any direct gametocidal action.It appears that chloroquine sulphate and camoquin have a more marked action on P. miialariae than either pyrimethamine or azacrin.
Genetics of multidrug resistance.
Authors: J M Croop, P Gros, D E Housman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Despite major advances in the treatment of cancer, resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents remains a major cause of treatment failure.Some tumors are initially resistant to many of the most active antineoplastic agents.Other tumors that are initially sensitive to cytotoxic agents often recur and fre- quently develop resistance to a broad range ofchemotherapeutic agents including those used during the initial therapy.Both the intrinsic and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents have been inherently difficult to study in the clinical setting.However, drug-resistant cell lines have provided a tool for studying the mechanisms underlying resistance to the drugs used in chemotherapy.Although drug-resistant cell lines are usually derived by selection for resistance to a single cyto- toxic agent, they often develop cross-resistance to a broad spectrum of structurally and functionally unrelated com- pounds.This phenomenon has been termed multidrug resis- tance.Recently, an understanding of the biological basis of multidrug resistance has begun to emerge through the applica- tion of molecular genetics.This approach has led to the iden- tification, isolation, and characterization of a gene family whose members include genes with the capacity to confer multidrug resistance on otherwise drug-sensitive cells.Molecu- lar probes and antibodies developed as a consequence of genetic analysis promise a new and precise level of understand- ing of the role of this gene family in human physiology and tumor biology.This knowledge will in turn be crucial for the development of strategies for circumventing multidrug resis- tance in the clinical setting. Multidrug-resistant cell linesThe isolation ofdrug-resistant human and rodent cell lines has been documented for a wide variety of agents (1).Cell lines selected for resistance to an anthracycline, a Vinca alkaloid, or actinomycin D are often cross-resistant to a broad spectrum of structurally and functionally unrelated compounds (2-7).Cross-resistance is almost always observed for the entire range of anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, and actinomycin D, al- though cell lines are usually most resistant to the agent used in the primary selection.Resistance to additional agents is often observed, but the spectrum of compounds and the amount of resistance varies from cell line to cell line.These observations suggest that although a common mechanism may be involved
Heat Shock Treatment Enhances Graft Cell Survival in Skeletal Myoblast Transplantation to the Heart
Authors: K. Suzuki, R. T. Smolenski, J. Jayakumar, B. Murtuza, N. J. Brand, M. H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Graft survival after skeletal myoblast transplantation is affected by various pathological processes caused by environmental stress. Heat shock is known to afford protection of several aspects of cell metabolism and function. We hypothesized that prior heat shock treatment of graft cells would improve their survival after cell transplantation.L6 rat skeletal myoblasts expressing ss-galactosidase (ss-gal) were subjected to heat shock (42 degrees C, 1 hour). Increased expression of heat shock protein 72 was detected 24 hours later in the heat-shocked cells. After hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro, lactate dehydrogenase leakage was significantly attenuated in the heat-shocked cells; in addition, the percentage of early apoptosis was lower in this group measured by flow cytometry with annexin V staining. For the in vivo study, 1 x 10(6) heat-shocked (hsCTx) or normal-cultured (CTx) myoblasts were infused into the explanted rat hearts through the coronary artery followed by heterotopic heart transplantation. ss-gal activity was significantly higher in the hsCTx group after cell transplantation, with an estimated 8 x 10(6) surviving cells per heart in the hsCTx group and 5 x 10(6) cells in the CTx group on day 28. Discrete loci of grafted cells were globally observed in the myocardium of the hsCTx and CTx groups, with a higher frequency in the hsCTx group. Surviving myoblasts occasionally differentiated into myotubes and had integrated with the native cardiomyocytes.Heat-shocked skeletal myoblasts demonstrated improved tolerance to hypoxia-reoxygenation insult in vitro and enhanced survival when grafted into the heart. Heat shock treatment could be useful in improving graft cell survival in cell transplantation.
Type 1 diabetes: recent developments
Authors: Devasenan Devendra, Edwin Liu, George S Eisenbarth
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic childhood illnesses, affecting 18 to 20 per 100 000 children a year in the United Kingdom. 1 The American Diabetes Association committee recommends the term type 1A diabetes for immune mediated diabetes with its destruction of the islet cells of the pancreas. 2Nonimmune mediated diabetes with severe insulin deficiency is termed type 1B.In this review, we will use the term type 1 diabetes to refer to immune mediated type 1A diabetes.At present, the development of type 1 diabetes is a life sentence to a difficult therapeutic regimen that is only partially effective in preventing acute and chronic complications.We will concentrate here on recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prediction, and prevention of type 1 diabetes and new treatments for the disease. Sources and selection criteriaThis review is based on information obtained from a recent Medline search with type 1 diabetes, pathogenesis, prediction, prevention, and treatment as key words.We also consulted summaries of the literature on type 1 diabetes (available with teaching slides at www.barbaradaviscenter.org).
Therapy for Syphilis
Authors: Robert Matz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 March 1989Therapy for SyphilisRobert Matz, MDRobert Matz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-6-496_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Although I accept the conclusions of Musher (1), and Lukehart and colleagues (2) concerning the treatment of syphilis in persons positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, I question Dr. Musher's concerns about the currently accepted therapy for primary syphilis in patients without HIV infection.If our current regimen for the 30% to 40% of patients who have central nervous system invasion with their primary infection is inadequate to sterilize this protected site, what has happened to "classic" parenchymatous neurosyphilis?I trained in an era when every neurology service in New York had patients with general paresis...References1. Musher D. How much penicillin cures early syphilis? Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:849-51. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lukehart S, Hook E, Baker-Zander S, Collier A, Critchlow C, and Handsfield H. Invasion of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:855-62. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Musher D. How much penicillin cures early syphilis? Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:849-51. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert Matz, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1989Volume 110, Issue 6 Page: 496-496 Keywords Central nervous system HIV HIV infections Neurology Syphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 March 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Production of distinct cytokines by epidermal cells
Authors: T. A. LUGER, A. KOCK, M. DANNER, M. COLOT, M. MICKSCHE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Production of distinct cytokines by epidermal cells Get access T. A. LUGER, T. A. LUGER 2nd Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Alserstrasse 4, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. KÖCK, A. KÖCK 2nd Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Alserstrasse 4, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. DANNER, M. DANNER 2nd Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Alserstrasse 4, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. COLOT, M. COLOT Institute for Applied and Experimental Oncology, Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. MICKSCHE M. MICKSCHE Institute for Applied and Experimental Oncology, Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s28, 1 July 1985, Pages 145–156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb15646.x Published: 01 July 1985
Prevention of Acute Renal Failure
Authors: M. Atik
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE is a major complication of transfusion reaction. It occurs with significant frequency and carries a high mortality despite progress in modern therapy. This study was designed: (1) to produce acute renal failure in experimental animals under conditions simulating clinical situations, (2) to investigate certain aspects of hemodynamics of transfusion reactions leading to such a lesion, and (3) to explore methods and means of prevention of acute renal failure resulting from the transfusion of incompatible blood. <h3>Method</h3> Combination of renal ischemia and some nephrotoxin (heme pigment) in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure has been well documented. We used dogs as experimental animals. Hemorrhagic shock and anaphylactic reactions were chosen to effect renal ischemia, and discarded human blood was selected as the nephrotoxic substance. <h3>Acute Renal Failure Following Hemorrhagic Shock and Incompatible Transfusion.—</h3> As previously reported,<sup>1</sup>a number of dogs were bled rapidly (30 to 40 cc/kg)
Genetics and the general practitioner
Authors: F. Kavalier
Journal: BMJ (2003)

White paper takes the first steps down a long road 

Our Inheritance, Our Future , the white paper on genetics in the NHS, was launched last week after a painfully long gestation.1 Two weeks into his new job, John Reid, the secretary of state for health, acted as student midwife for the delivery of the white paper. He announced £50m ($83m;€72m) of new money for the development of genetics knowledge and skills and provision of genetics services within the NHS.

Slightly more than two years ago Alan Milburn, who was then secretary of state, started the NHS genetics revolution.2 He invested £30m in genetics knowledge parks, national genetics reference laboratories, and specialised genetics services. The time has now come to begin spreading the genetics gospel into the wider community of professionals and patients. The white paper wants to incorporate genetics advances into everyday clinical practice.

Over the next three years pilots will be set up to kickstart initiatives in primary care genetics. Ten general practitioners with a special interest in genetics will be funded, although exactly how they will work is not clear. A partnership model, in which primary care physicians and geneticists learn from each other, as envisaged by Burke and Emery,3 may …
Impact of peri-transplant vancomycin and fluoroquinolone administration on rates of bacteremia in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients: A 12-year single institution study
Authors: Susan K. Seo, Kun Xiao, Yao-Ting Huang, Ubonvan Jongwutiwes, Dick Chung, Molly Maloy, Sergio Giralt, Juliet N. Barker, Ann A. Jakubowski, Genovefa A. Papanicolaou
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Blood pressure and blood lead concentration in bus drivers.
Authors: D S Sharp, J Osterloh, C E Becker, B Bernard, A H Smith, J M Fisher, S L Syme, B L Holman, T Johnston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

San Francisco bus drivers have an increased prevalence of hypertension. This study examined relationships between blood lead concentration and blood pressure in 342 drivers. The analysis reported in this study was limited to subjects not on treatment for hypertension (n = 288). Systolic and diastolic pressures varied from 102 to 173 mm Hg and from 61 to 105 mm Hg, respectively. The blood lead concentration varied from 2 to 15 micrograms/dL. The relationship between blood pressure and the logarithm of blood lead concentration was examined using multiple regression analysis. Covariates included age, body mass index, sex, race, and caffeine intake. The largest regression coefficient relating systolic blood pressure and blood lead concentration was 1.8 mm Hg/ln (micrograms/dL) [90% C. I., -1.6, 5.3]. The coefficient for diastolic blood pressure was 2.5 mm Hg/ln (micrograms/dL) [90% C. I., 0.1, 4.9]. These findings suggest effects of lead exposure at lower blood lead concentrations than those concentrations that have previously been linked with increases in blood pressure.
So long for now
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Writing in the BMJ over the past eight years has been a privilege, because my views are no more worthy than any other doctor’s. But it’s time to throw in the towel because I fear becoming repetitive and writing for the sake of it, which would be bad medicine. This is my last narcissistic reflection.

I’m no writer, I’m not a member of a book group, I hate jazz, and I possess no beret or thesaurus. I’m no academic, no expert; just a two-bit, chav-GP doctor. …
Fair-Balance Paradox, Star-tree Paradox, and Bayesian Phylogenetics
Authors: Z. Yang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

The star-tree paradox refers to the conjecture that the posterior probabilities for the three unrooted trees for four species (or the three rooted trees for three species if the molecular clock is assumed) do not approach 13 when the data are generated using the star tree and when the amount of data approaches infinity. It reflects the more general phenomenon of high and presumably spurious posterior probabilities for trees or clades produced by the Bayesian method of phylogenetic reconstruction, and it is perceived to be a manifestation of the deeper problem of the extreme sensitivity of Bayesian model selection to the prior on parameters. Analysis of the star-tree paradox has been hampered by the intractability of the integrals involved. In this article, I use Laplacian expansion to approximate the posterior probabilities for the three rooted trees for three species using binary characters evolving at a constant rate. The approximation enables calculation of posterior tree probabilities for arbitrarily large data sets. Both theoretical analysis of the analogous fair-coin and fair-balance problems and computer simulation for the tree problem confirmed the existence of the star-tree paradox. When the data size n → ∞, the posterior tree probabilities do not converge to 13 each, but they vary among data sets according to a statistical distribution. This distribution is characterized. Two strategies for resolving the star-tree paradox are explored: (1) a nonzero prior probability for the degenerate star tree and (2) an increasingly informative prior forcing the internal branch length toward zero. Both appear to be effective in resolving the paradox, but the latter is simpler to implement. The posterior tree probabilities are found to be very sensitive to the prior.
Points from letters: Retention of foreign body in the stomach
Authors: P H Daniels, R H Grace, M Hale
Journal: BMJ (1976)

call for none, in a further seven.The authors rightly concluded that more emphasis in every respect should be put on history-taking.If verbal communication between doctor and doctor is bad, is that between doctor and patient likely to be perfect?And just what proportion of published medical articles deal with verbal communication, and what pro- portion with investigations?
Debilitated smokers tell their stories in graphic US antismoking campaign
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A new hard hitting antismoking campaign has been launched in the United States that includes former smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, amputations, and other smoking related diseases talking about how smoking changed their lives.

The campaign, Tips from Former Smokers (Tips),1 sponsored by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), builds on a 2011 campaign that also used graphic images and disturbing video to dramatize the health effects of smoking, said CDC director …