tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transdermal Nicotine: Clarifications, Side Effects, and Funding
Authors: Tim McAfee
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their excellent Review, "Tobacco Dependence and the Nicotine Patch," Fiore et al<sup>1</sup>raise concerns about the public health limitations of transdermal patches. They specifically recommend that the pharmaceutical industry "commit 1% or 2% of their gross sales to finance an independently directed, antismoking media campaign or other public health intervention...." Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound in Washington State is a staff model health maintenance organization with 800 physicians and 400 000 members. We recently decided to pay for transdermal nicotine patch therapy when used in conjunction with our behavioral smoking cessation programs. As part of the bid solicitation process to determine which patch to place on our formulary, we asked patch companies if they would be willing to provide us with funding for an independent antismoking media campaign and a project to prevent tobacco use in children. Most companies responded favorably. Their responses were
In vivo administration of histoincompatible lymphocytes leads to rapid functional deletion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors.
Authors: D R Martin, R G Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

It is well established that a single intravenous injection of F1 lymphocytes can rapidly and specifically reduce the ability of a parental recipient to generate CTL against donor alloantigens in a subsequent MLR. By fluorescently labeling the injected cells, we have been able to identify, and if desired, remove them in cell suspensions prepared from recipient spleen and lymph node. The injected cells, whether F1 or syngeneic, appeared to form part of the normal recirculating pool. Removal of injected F1 cells from responder lymph node or spleen cell suspensions had no effect on the response reduction observed in the 5-d in vitro MLR (typically 80% reduction for responder cells taken 2 d after injection of F1 cells). When the frequency of CTL precursors (CTLp) was measured by limiting dilution, it was reduced to the same degree as the MLR response, implying that response reduction is due to a reduction in the number of activatable CTL in the responder cell suspension. An equal mixture of responder cells from treated (i.e., F1 injected) and control mice gave a measured CTLp frequency equivalent to the average of the separate frequencies, implying the absence of suppressor cells active in vitro. Labeled F1 cells recovered from a first recipient could be used to induce response reduction in a second recipient. The results are discussed in terms of APCs that functionally delete rather than stimulate CTLp that recognize them (i.e., a "veto mechanism"). These experiments appear to rule out a role for in vivo-induced suppressor cells up to 8 d after injection of semiallogeneic cells but do not address the question of whether they are induced at later times.
Serum Ferritin Level
Authors: Khosrow S. Mirahmadi
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Seventeen patients without renal failure and 14 patients receiving longterm hemodialysis were studied. Serum and bone marrow ferritin determinations were made at the time of bone marrow aspiration. A good correlation was found between serum ferritin levels and bone marrow iron stores, as well as between bone marrow ferritin levels and iron stores. Serum ferritin determinations appear to give an accurate estimation of bone marrow iron stores, thereby providing a reliable guide for iron replacement therapy and reducing the need for repeated bone marrow aspirations. Serum ferritin levels of less than 105 ng/ml suggest decreased iron stores, and values greater than 120 ng/ml indicate adequate or increased iron stores. Preliminary data also suggest that bone marrow ferritin determinations may be useful in quantitating bone marrow iron stores. (<i>JAMA</i>238:601-603, 1977)
New deal would see 50% more elderly people in England helped with costs of social care
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A new partnership between the government and the public to fund social care would significantly increase the amount of care people can access and see around 50% more people helped than under the current system, a health service think tank has claimed.

The partnership model from the King’s Fund suggests that the state should guarantee to pay half the care costs of everyone who needs it, with those who can afford to paying a top-up fee to fund the full cost of their care. For every £2 (€2.2; $3) paid by the individual, the state would also contribute an additional £1, providing people with an incentive …
Sickle Cell Trait and Nonhypoxic Splenic Infarction
Authors: Oswaldo Castro
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report on spleen infarction in a subject with sickle cell trait by King et al (238:2173, 1977) raises several questions. It is doubtful that the spleen infarcts were "nonhypoxic." Arterial Po<sub>2</sub>and O<sub>2</sub>saturation values were not stated. Even if these were normal, could not the patient's bradycardia have recurred (undetected) and produced a stagnant, hypoxic environment in the spleen leading to erythrocyte sickling and tissue infarction? Splenic infarction in persons with sickle cell trait and an unrelated hematologic disorder such as hereditary spherocytosis (HS) has been reported.<sup>1</sup>Absence of severe anemia and normal RBC morphological characteristics would not rule out HS in this patient. Was an RBC osmotic fragility study carried out? Also, quantitation of the patient's hemoglobin fractions (31% hemoglobin S and 61% hemoglobin A) indicates that the sum of hemoglobins A<sub>2</sub>and F was 8%. This value seems too
Immunocompromised Status in Patients With Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection
Authors: Emily Z. Keung, Xiaoxia Liu, Afrin Nuzhad, Christopher Adams, Stanley W. Ashley, Reza Askari
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

There is a scarcity of research on immunocompromised patients with necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI).To evaluate the effect of immunocompromised status in patients with NSTI.Single-institution retrospective cohort study at a tertiary academic teaching hospital affiliated with a major cancer center.Patients with NSTI.Treatment at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between November 25, 1995, and April 25, 2011.Necrotizing soft-tissue infection-associated in-hospital mortality.Two hundred one patients were diagnosed as having NSTI. Forty-six were immunocompromised (as defined by corticosteroid use, active malignancy, receipt of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus or AIDS, or prior solid organ or bone marrow transplantation with receipt of chronic immunosuppression). At presentation, immunocompromised patients had lower systolic blood pressure (105 vs 112 mm Hg, P = .02), glucose level (124 vs 134 mg/dL, P = .03), and white blood cell count (6600/μL vs 17 200/μL, P < .001) compared with immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised patients were less likely to have been transferred from another institution (26.1% vs 52.9%, P = .001), admitted to a surgical service (45.7% vs 83.2%, P < .001), or undergone surgical debridement on admission (4.3% vs 61.3%, P = .001). Time to diagnosis and time to first surgical procedure were delayed in immunocompromised patients (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). Immunocompromised patients had higher NSTI-associated in-hospital mortality (39.1% vs 19.4%, P = .01).AND RELEVANCE Immunocompromised status in patients with NSTI in this study is associated with delays in diagnosis and surgical treatment and with higher NSTI-associated in-hospital mortality. At presentation, immunocompromised patients may fail to exhibit typical clinical and laboratory signs of NSTI. Physicians caring for similar patient populations should maintain a heightened level of suspicion for NSTI and consider early surgical evaluation and treatment.
Methylation of<i>CASP8, DCR2</i>, and<i>HIN-1</i>in Neuroblastoma Is Associated with Poor Outcome
Authors: Qiwei Yang, Colleen M. Kiernan, Yufeng Tian, Helen R. Salwen, Alexandre Chlenski, Babette A. Brumback, Wendy B. London, Susan L. Cohn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Epigenetic aberrations have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of most cancers. To investigate the clinical significance of epigenetic changes in neuroblastoma, we evaluated the relationship between clinicopathologic variables and the pattern of gene methylation in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumors. Experimental Design: Methylation-specific PCR was used to evaluate the gene methylation status of 19 genes in 14 neuroblastoma cell lines and 8 genes in 70 primary neuroblastoma tumors. Associations between gene methylation, established prognostic factors, and outcome were evaluated. Log-rank tests were used to identify the number of methylated genes that was most predictive of overall survival. Results: Epigenetic changes were detected in the neuroblastoma cell lines and primary tumors, although the pattern of methylation varied. Eight of the 19 genes analyzed were methylated in &amp;gt;70% of the cell lines. Epigenetic changes of four genes were detected in only small numbers of cell lines. None of the cell lines had methylation of the other seven genes analyzed. In primary neuroblastoma tumors, high-risk disease and poor outcome were associated with methylation of DCR2, CASP8, and HIN-1 individually. Although methylation of the other five individual genes was not predictive of poor outcome, a trend toward decreased survival was seen in patients with a methylation phenotype, defined as ≥4 methylated genes (P = 0.055). Conclusion: Our study indicates that clinically aggressive neuroblastoma tumors have aberrant methylation of multiple genes and provides a rationale for exploring treatment strategies that include demethylating agents.
Nonspecific Tissue Accumulation of Diffusible Radionuclide Imaging Agents in Areas of Inflammation
Authors: ANITA MOALLEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Although many radiopharmaceuticals are “targeted” for specific tissues or organs, they may be incorporated into nonspecific sites to the extent that they are readily diffusible. There may be local hyperemia with “leaky” neovascularity or capillaries and perhaps also diminished lymphatic or venous removal from the affected area. Two cases are reported in which abscesses were visualized serendipitously. One was visualized on a Tc-99m MDP bone scan following nephrectomy, the other on a patient with a pelvic abscess and nonvisualized left kidney but with enhancement of the rim of a large pelvic abscess.
A. W. Orriss Is Wanted.
Authors: Ralph L. Hoyt
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Oriole, Md., Feb. 12, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Any one having any information which will lead to the location of a man calling himself A. W. Orriss, M.D., will confer a favor on the members of the profession in Somerset County, Maryland, by communicating with the undersigned. This man represents himself to be the proprietor of a medical book store and calls on physicians offering to exchange new editions of medical works for the old editions in the physician's library. He exacts a payment from the physician "to cover freight charges and as an evidence of good faith," so he says, and departs, and this is the last any one sees of him. He operated in Somerset county to a very profitable advantage to himself and any information which would lead to his arrest would be greatly appreciated.
Poetry and Medicine
Authors: Albert Howard Carter
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The murine Xe169 gene escapes X–inactivation like its human homologue
Authors: Jingshi Wu, Eduardo C. Salido, Pauline H. Yen, Thuluvancheri K. Mohandas, Henry H. Q. Heng, Lap-Chee Tsui, Jonggwang Park, Verne M. Chapman, Larry J. Shapiro
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Hyperextension Injuries of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Ching-Shen Lin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Hyperextension injuries of the cervical spine are often not appreciated clinically. I have shown this x-ray film (Fig 1) to many clinicians, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, internists, and neurologists and the correct diagnosis was rarely made.  Report of a Case.—  A 39-year-old man was found semicomatose on the floor of his apartment. He was an alcoholic and had been previously admitted for a seizure disorder. He was found to have a skin contusion on the right side of his forehead, paralysis of both lower extremities and right arm, weakness of his left arm, and loss of skin sensation below the level of the upper part of the chest. His neck was extended backward, and obvious pain was elicited on minimal manipulation. A cervical spinal cord lesion was suspected. The x-ray film was interpreted as normal except for demineralization of bone. Further studies, including lumbar puncture and cisternal myelography,
Causes of Accidents
Authors: W. L. DeGinder
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  The July 8th issue of The Journal's MEDICAL NEWS section carries the bold headline,  'Breath Test' Reduces Auto Accidents.  The cause-effect implication is misleading. The test has been given after accidents. The visible action of law enforcement and the prospect of penalties for lawbreaking have reduced casualties during the drinking hours 8 PM to 4 AM between 36% and 41% in the past four months!  H. E. Campbell, MD ( 201 :861, 1967), pointed out that suspension of fines and jail sentences, the curse of the American road, is not known in Norway, and he described good results attained in other countries through strict enforcement of relatively simple laws. Right now is a good time to review Dr. Campbell's report. Automobiles do not kill people, alcohol does not kill people— except the rare individual who consumes a poisonous dose—and guns don't kill people. People kill people.  The problem
On the mechanism of action of vitamin E for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Hong-Fang Ji, Liang Shen
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and can progress to cirrhosis. A recent clinical study reported that the most important lipophilic antioxidant, vitamin E, was superior to a placebo for the treatment of NASH in adults without diabetes.1 Dufour2 has provided comprehensive comments on the findings and particularly on the mechanism of action of vitamin E for NASH. Natural vitamin E exists in eight natural analogues: four tocopherols (α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol) and four tocotrienols (α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol). Because of the significant role of oxidative stress in NASH pathogenesis, the prevailing view is that antioxidant activity should be the main mechanism of action of vitamin E. However, the antioxidant mechanism of vitamin E is doubted by Dufour2 because the eight analogues possess equal antioxidant potency and yet individually lead to type-specific cellular outcomes. However, we think that the type-specific cellular outcomes do not disprove the antioxidant mechanism of vitamin E in the treatment of NASH. The different cellular outcomes for vitamin E analogues may arise from their different antioxidant characters and especially from the variance in the free-radical species that they can scavenge.3-5 α-Tocopherol possesses a strong reactive oxygen species–scavenging ability. In comparison, it has been proved that γ-tocopherol is more nucleophilic and thus is more efficient than α-tocopherol in scavenging reactive nitrogen species.3-5 For instance, Christen et al.4 investigated the efficacy of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol in inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced lipid peroxidation and found that the two tocopherols showed fundamentally different abilities and that γ-tocopherol was more effective than α-tocopherol. Cooney et al.5 reported that nitrogen dioxide–mediated nitrosation of morpholine could be inhibited effectively only by γ-tocopherol and not by α-tocopherol. Thus, the different antioxidant characters of the vitamin E analogues may account, at least in part, for the type-specific cellular outcomes. The antioxidant mechanism of vitamin E certainly does not conflict with other pathways, and we also agree with the regulation of signaling enzymes by a vitamin E–associated mechanism as proposed by Dufour. Even though the mechanism of action of vitamin E for NASH may be complicated, operating under the premise of an antioxidant mechanism, we should devote more effort to enhancing its antioxidant capacity (e.g., through its combination with other antioxidants) with the aim of further increasing the rate of NASH improvement with vitamin E therapy. Hong-Fang Ji Ph.D*, Liang Shen Ph.D*, * Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, People's Republic of China.
Medicine in Chicago, 1850-1950: A Chapter in the Social and Scientific Development of a City
Authors: William K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This book presents a chronological history of medicine in Chicago and has separate chapters on schools, societies and publications, the Chicago Medical Society, hospitals, and public health. Any serious student of the history of medicine in Chicago needs six or seven specific books on his or her working shelf. When a new edition of one of these appears, it should be added. However, this book is not a new edition; it is essentially a reprint of the 1957 volume. The only "new" material in the 1991 volume is the nine pages of illustrations, the 25 pages of the chapter "Social and Political Attitudes of Chicago Physicians," and the two-page "A Note on Bibliography." Chapter 12 is an article that originally appeared in 1953 in the widely available<i>Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences</i>. "A Note on Bibliography" contains some useful references but does not have many others.
Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage DEFENDER AGAINST BACTERIAL INFECTION OF THE LUNG
Authors: Elliot Goldstein, William Lippert, David Warshauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The rate of ingestion of inhaled bacteria by pulmonary alveolar macrophages is an important determinant of host defense. This parameter was investigated by infecting rats with finely dispersed aerosols bearing Staphylococcus aureus in high concentrations (about 10(s) bacteria/ft(3)/min). These aerosols deposited more than 10(6) bacteria/murine lung. At 0, 2(1/2), and 5 h after infection, bacterial clearance rates were measured in the left lung, and the intracellular or extracellular location of 100 bacteria was determined histologically in the right lung (perfused in situ). The clearance rates at 2(1/2) and 5 h were 44.5% and 76.9%, respectively. The percentages of intracellular bacteria were: 0 h, 54.8%; 2(1/2) h, 87.1%: 5 h, 91.9%. When rats were exposed for 4 h to 2.5 ppm of ozone (O(3)), bacterial clearance did not occur - 15.3%, although 78.7% of the bacteria were intracellular. Clumps of more than 10 bacteria-usually intracellular-were also present. These experiments demonstrate that phagocytic ingestion is an exceedingly rapid process, that in this experimental model the inactivation of inhaled staphylococci results almost entirely from phagocytosis, and that ozone-induced reductions in bacterial clearance are due to severe impairment of intrapulmonary killing mechanisms and minor impairment of bacterial ingestion.
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with 5-Aminosalicylic Acid
Authors: Lloyd R. Sutherland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 October 1993Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with 5-Aminosalicylic AcidLloyd R. Sutherland, MD, Gary May, MD, and Eldon Shaffer, MDLloyd R. Sutherland, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Gary May, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Eldon Shaffer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-8-199310150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Sninsky highlights a few of the difficulties and arbitrary decisions often required when conducting a meta-analysis of studies that differ in form, entry criteria, definitions of outcome, and design. We intentionally included in the meta-analysis studies of Dipentum and Pentasa that combined remission and improvement; to exclude such studies would have resulted in an unacceptable loss of patient data. In our discussion, we stated that no 5-aminosalicylic acid preparation was superior to another; however, in response to Dr. Sninsky's comments, we created a new Table 1, which reports all studies comparing 5-aminosalicylic acid with placebo in terms ...References1. Schroeder KW, Tremaine WJ, Ilstrup DM. Coated oral 5-aminosalycylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317:1625-9. Google Scholar2. Sninsky CA, Cort DH, Shanahan F, Powers BJ, Sessions JT, Pruitt RE, et al. Oral mesalamine (Asacol) for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 115:350-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 8Page: 858-859KeywordsIntent to treat analysisOdds ratioUlcerative colitis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PSYCHIATRIC ADMISSIONS TO A GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: ROBERT J. MEARIN, LAURETTA A. BLAKE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

A study of emergency psychiatric admissions to a suburban general hospital for a 2-year period is presented. Unfortunately cases listed as "attempted suicides" could not be classified as to diagnosis. Such cases received only emergency treatment and then either were discharged in care of a physician or were transferred to private or county sanitaria. The need for provision of adequate care for psychiatric emergencies must be stressed. In the area in which the hospital utilized for this study is located 2 programs are now under consideration to provide adequate care for such patients and to allow for their detainment for a sufficient time for careful evaluation. Under the first plan the county mental hospital would provide such facilities. If this plan proves not feasible then the general hospital will set up a unit for the care and study of these patients.