tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From buying beds to upgrading an old rural hospital.
Authors: Y L Yip
Journal: BMJ (1986)

From buying beds to upgrading an old rural hospital YU LAP YIP It was indeed quite tiring to consider working in another hospital so far away.I had worked in my present hospital for nearly eight years.It was so familiar that it seemed part of me.I had always worked in the city centre, having been born and bred there.I was used to working in hospitals a few minutes' walk away from my home, and perfectly adapted to the busy hospital life of operations, seminars, and grand rounds-and to metropolitan night life.A friend of mine had recently been promoted to being the administrator of an old rural hospital that was in the early phase of expansion.It was near the border of Hong Kong, so far away that even sales representatives from the drug companies disliked going there.It had only a few doctors, old and retired.There was noThe newly built hospital.
Research in Medical Education
Authors: Daniel J. Brauner
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Active Induction of Tumor-Specific IgE Antibodies by Oral Mimotope Vaccination
Authors: Angelika B. Riemer, Eva Untersmayr, Regina Knittelfelder, Albert Duschl, Hubert Pehamberger, Christoph C. Zielinski, Otto Scheiner, Erika Jensen-Jarolim
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract A role of IgE antibodies in cancer surveillance has been implicated for a long time. Studies dealing with IgE antibodies directly targeted to tumor antigens have shown marked anticancer effects mediated by this antibody class. Thus, the basic function of IgE antibodies may be to control tumor growth. Thus far, cancer-specific IgE has only been applied passively. Consequently, the aim of this study was to establish an active vaccination protocol to induce tumor antigen–specific IgE antibodies, and to evaluate functional properties. We previously generated epitope mimics, so-called mimotopes, for the epitope recognized by the anti-HER-2 antibody trastuzumab. Upon i.p. immunizations, IgG antibodies with trastuzumab-like properties could be elicited. In the present study, we immunized BALB/c mice via the oral route with these trastuzumab mimotopes, under simultaneous neutralization and suppression of gastric acid. As shown in preceding experiments, this feeding regimen effectively induces Th2 immune responses. Oral immunizations with trastuzumab mimotopes under hypoacidic conditions indeed resulted in the formation of IgE antibodies towards the HER-2 antigen. Moreover, anti-HER-2 IgE-sensitized effector cells mediated SK-BR-3 target cell lysis in an antibody-dependent cytotoxicity assay. We conclude that directed and epitope-specific induction of IgE against tumor antigens is feasible with an oral mimotope vaccination regimen, and that these antibodies mediate anticancer effects. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):3406–11]
304 LENTIVIRAL-MEDIATED ACE2 RNAI AGGRAVATES LIVER INJURY AND LIVER FIBROGENESIS
Authors: Q. Huang, Q. Xie, C.-C. Shi, L.-Y. Lin, H. Wang, G.-D. Zhao, N.-N. Jia, X.-G. Xiang, B.-D. Gong, H. Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
RELATIONS OF EFFECTIVE RENAL BLOOD FLOW AND GLOMERULAR FILTRATION TO TUBULAR EXCRETORY MASS IN NORMAL MAN 1
Authors: William Goldring, Herbert Chasis, Hilmert A. Ranges, Homer W. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1940)

In 1938 Smith, Goldring and Chasis (12) de- scribed methods for measuring the "effective renal blood flow" (diodrast clearance) and the " tubular excretory mass " (diodrast Tm) by the excretion of diodrast at low and high plasma lev- els.The present report concerns the application of these methods to normal subjects under stand- ard or quasi-basal conditions, with special refer- ence to the quantitative relations between the dio- drast clearance, the inulin clearance and diodrast Tm in various subjects.The subjects examined here were convalescent, volunteer patients of the Third (New York Uni- versity) Medical Division of Bellevue Hospital, and were selected as carefully as possible to ex- clude renal disease.Clearance determinations were carried out in the morning without break- fast, although in a few instances a glass of orange juice was allowed.The subject was hydrated by the administration of one liter of water the night before; the water was measured out for him and he was allowed to take it ad libitum and without supervision.The next morning a second liter of water was taken between 7:00 and 8:30 a.m., and the subject was allowed out of bed momentarily.At about 9:00 a.m. an intravenous infusion con- taining the requisite concentrations of diodrast, 1 This investigation has been aided in part by a grant from the Commonwealth Fund.The authors are indebted to the Winthrop Chemical Company for generously supplying some of the diodrast used in the later observations, and to Messrs. Hynson, Westcott and Dunning for the preparation of phenol red in sterile 10 per cent solution.They also wish to ex- press their appreciation of the continued
Gas Gangrene Following a Motor Accident
Authors: F. W. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1927)

TIH Bia 1188 this particular method no local treatment was applied to the ulcer, the eye merely being kept clean with simple antiseptic lotions.After a month's treatment the glands had become very much smialler, and those that were breaking down were hard.The con- junctival ulcer was cleaner and smaller, whilst the remainder of the conjunctiva showed obvious improvement.Light treatment was continued, and in four months no trace remnained of either the ulcer or the lymphatic involvement.The child's general condition had improved out of all recognition.
The Healer's Art
Authors: Grace S. Wolff
Journal: JAMA (1986)

It is ironic to have been asked to review<i>The Healer's Art</i>, for I had the opportunity to review this book when it first appeared in hardcover form in 1976. My comments follow a detailed second reading after this interval of nine years. Many changes have occurred in the field of medicine since that time, both good and bad. But Dr Cassell's admonition to the physicianhealer applies today as well as it did nine years ago, perhaps in even greater measure in the current time. The author exhorts the physician to retain his role as healer, that is, one who views the patient in a holistic sense without relegating disease an independent existence apart from the human being. The author stresses the effect of disease on the patient in terms of the feeling of disconnectedness, loss of a sense of omniscience, and loss of control. These interactions are probably well
A Role for Dendritic Cells in Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice?
Authors: Claudie Bantsimba-Malanda, Joëlle Marchal-Sommé, Delphine Goven, Olivia Freynet, Laurence Michel, Bruno Crestani, Paul Soler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Lung dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to accumulate in human fibrotic lung disease, but little is known concerning a role for DCs in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung.To characterize lung DCs in an in vivo model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.We characterized the kinetics and activation of pulmonary DCs during the course of bleomycin-induced lung injury by flow cytometry on lung single-cell suspensions. We also characterized the lymphocytes accumulating in bleomycin lung and the chemokines susceptible to favor the recruitment of immune cells.We show, for the first time, that increased numbers of CD11c(+)/major histocompatibility complex class II(+) DCs, including CD11b(hi) monocyte-derived inflammatory DCs, infiltrate the lung of treated animals during the fibrotic phase of the response to bleomycin. These DCs are mature DCs expressing CD40, CD86, and CD83. They are associated with increased numbers of recently activated memory T cells expressing CD44, CD40L, and CD28, suggesting that fully mature DCs and Ag-experienced T cells can drive an efficient effector immune response within bleomycin lung. Most importantly, when DCs are inactivated with VAG539, a recently described new immunomodulator, VAG539 treatment attenuates the hallmarks of bleomycin lung injury.These findings identify lung DCs as key proinflammatory cells potentially able to sustain pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in the bleomycin model.
1052 AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN FIVE DECOMPENSATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: C.-H. Park, S.H. Bae, H.Y. Kim, M.J. Song, S.H. Jo, J.Y. Han, J.M. Yang, J.Y. Choi, S.K. Yoon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Stagnation and despair in medical research
Authors: G. T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective evidence based treatment for depression. At present there is no reliable predictor of CBT in depression. Although the key to successful CBT in depression lies in altering maladaptive information processing, no previous imaging study has probed predictors of CBT response using pre-treatment neural encoding of information processing. METHODS: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we scanned 37 unmedicated depressed subjects before and after completing computerised CBT (cCBT). We model the trial-by-trial appraisal of feedback information during a probabilistic learning task by means of a dynamic learning rate. To discriminate response to cCBT we capitalise on the pre-treatment blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activity encoding the dynamic learning rate as a function of feedback congruence and valence. Additionally, we probe between-group differences in the learning style encoded in the model’s parameters. <h3>RESULTS</h3> We show BOLD activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) to be encoding the dynamic learning rate. Crucially, responders exhibit greater BOLD activity in the dmPFC during incongruent negative trials but lower BOLD activity during congruent negative trials than non-responders. Additionally, on between-group comparisons of model’s parameter estimates we show responders take relatively greater account of previous feedback history and make comparatively smaller adjustments to the learning rate as a result of outcome surprisingness. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Our findings provide novel and important insights into the cognitive mechanisms underpinning response to cCBT and lend support to the feasibility and validity of neurocomputational approaches to treatment prediction research in psychiatry.
Anorexia Nervosa – Two Cases in Discordant MZ Twins
Authors: Finn Askevold, Arvid Heiberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Two female monozygous twin pairs discordant for anorexia nervosa are reported, and literature reports on 18 other monozygous pairs are reviewed. Four of the reported pairs are inadequately described and there is doubt about the diagnosis. When the 2 pairs reported here are included, 16 pairs remain: 6 (38%) were concordant and 10 discordant. Only 3 pairs fulfilled rigorous criteria for anorexia nervosa and zygosity and one of the pairs was concordant. The population prevalence is probably about 2 promille for hospitalized cases, and there is a 6% risk for female sibs of anorectic probands. Hence, if about 1/3 of monozygotic pairs are in fact concordant, a role of genetic factors in the etiology may be suggested.
Effects of adrenergic stimulation on ventilation in man
Authors: Donald D. Heistad, Robert C. Wheeler, Allyn L. Mark, Phillip G. Schmid, Francois M. Abboud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The mechanism by which catecholamines affect ventilation in man is not known. Ventilatory responses to catecholamines were observed in normal subjects before and after adrenergic receptor blockade. Intravenous infusions of norepinephrine and isoproterenol caused significant increases in minute volume and decreases in end-tidal PCo2 which were blocked by the administration of propranolol, a beta adrenergic receptor blocker. The hyperventilatory response to hypoxia was not altered by propranolol.
Pemphigus serum and captopril induce heat shock protein 70 and inducible nitric oxide synthase overexpression, triggering apoptosis in human keratinocytes
Authors: A. Baroni, E. Buommino, I. Paoletti, M. Orlando, E. Ruocco, V. Ruocco
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with sulphydryl groups in its chemical structure. It is commonly used as an antihypertensive drug. The occurrence of pemphigus vulgaris has repeatedly been reported in patients receiving captopril. The capacity of captopril and pemphigus serum to induce acantholysis, in vivo or in vitro, has been demonstrated experimentally. Objectives To show that captopril and pemphigus serum, acting by a biochemical and immunological mechanism, respectively, trigger apoptosis. Methods Human keratinocyte cells were treated with 15 mmol L−1 captopril or with pemphigus serum. DNA was extracted and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling method was used to detect apoptosis. Results DNA fragmentation occurred after 72 h of treatment. Increased expression of p53, c-myc and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) mRNA were observed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the treated cells compared with the untreated ones. The increase in iNOS gene expression was associated with overproduction of NO. Moreover, the addition of 1 mmol L−1N-monomethyl-L-arginine, a structural analogue of arginine, reduced nitrite levels by about 70% in cells treated with captopril or pemphigus serum. Western blot analysis revealed an overexpression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) in cells treated with captopril or pemphigus serum. Finally, total inhibition of the keratinocyte transglutaminase gene was shown by PCR analysis in the same samples, compared with control cells. Conclusions These data demonstrate the involvement of apoptosis in keratinocytes treated with captopril or pemphigus serum, with induction of the iNOS gene and hsp70 in the cascade of events leading to programmed cell death.
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: Monroe D. Eaton, Gordon Meiklejohn, William van Herick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

1. A filterable virus from certain cases of primary atypical pneumonia was transmitted to chick embryos by inoculation into the amnion of suspensions of bacteriologically sterile lung tissue or filtered sputum, and three strains were adapted by passage. 2. After intranasal inoculation into cotton rats or hamsters, suspensions of the infected chick embryo tissues produced pulmonary lesions which were similar to those seen after instillation of infective human material. 3. The agent propagated in chick embryos was specifically neutralizable by serum from patients recovered from primary atypical pneumonia and was not neutralized by the acute-phase specimens. 4. Passages of the virus in cotton rats and hamsters gave confusing results because of contamination with latent respiratory agents already present in the animals.
REPORT OF THE READING PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Authors: W. W. Moxhay
Journal: BMJ (1853)

resulted froi the conade.Mr. Blacklock (Madras, 1848) aays: "I hope yet to see the day when sulphur, in small quan- tities, will e regularly issued to every soldier in the field, in India, say forty grains per day, while actually marching, and twenty grains per day, during halts, as a sure way of wardinag off this terrible disease; and I have a firm belief that sulphur, so employed, will be as effectual in banishing cholera from our armies, as lime-juice has been in eradicat- ing scurvy from our fleets."Mr. Grove quotes the following curious passage from the London P'ractice of Physic-a work published in 1692:-" In the year 1670, about the autumnal equinox, a world of people here were seized with a most dangerous flux (though without blood), and joined with a cruel vomiting, which presently caused great faintings and a total decay of strength.For the cure of this disease, no evacuation did good; nay, bleeding, vomiting, and purging did hurt: only cordials, and those of the hottest nature, to wit, such as abounded with 8pirit and silphur, did good."(p. 22.) From this, it would appear that the whiskey and sulphur treat- ment of the south muirs of Scotland is an old tradition.Manec administered sulphur in all possible forms, in his treatment of Cholera in the Salpetri&re in 1849.
Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis With Pitting Edema-Reply
Authors: Daniel J. McCarty
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  We have seen and treated many cases of carpal tunnel syndrome over the years but have never noted pitting edema of the hands, a cardinal feature in our cases of remitting, seronegative symmetrical synovitis. We agree with Dr Zatuchni that case 4 described in our article had carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to the flexor tendon synovitis at the wrist. Volar carpal tunnel release would have been indicated if medical therapy had not relieved his symptoms.  The case of Michaels and Hochman is very interesting and would be even more interesting if HLA typing had been done. Our cases went into remission in one to three years, not in several months as suggested by Michaels and Hochman. None of our cases had gastrointestinal tract symptoms and, therefore, we did not culture their stools. The presumed infectious trigger in our cases remains elusive and the reactive nature of their arthritis
Shigella Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death in Nonmyleoid Cells
Authors: Leticia A.M. Carneiro, Leonardo H. Travassos, Fraser Soares, Ivan Tattoli, Joao G. Magalhaes, Marcelo T. Bozza, Maria C. Plotkowski, Philippe J. Sansonetti, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Dana J. Philpott, Stephen E. Girardin
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Preferential suppression of CXCR4-specific strains of HIV-1 by antiviral therapy
Authors: Sean Philpott, Barbara Weiser, Kathryn Anastos, Christina Michelle Ramirez Kitchen, Esther Robison, William A. Meyer, Henry S. Sacks, Usha Mathur-Wagh, Cheryl Brunner, Harold Burger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

To initiate infection, HIV-1 requires a primary receptor, CD4, and a secondary receptor, principally the chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4. Coreceptor usage plays a critical role in HIV-1 disease progression. HIV-1 transmitted in vivo generally uses CCR5 (R5), but later CXCR4 (X4) strains may emerge; this shift heralds CD4+ cell depletion and clinical deterioration. We asked whether antiretroviral therapy can shift HIV-1 populations back to R5 viruses after X4 strains have emerged, in part because treatment has been successful in slowing disease progression without uniformly suppressing plasma viremia. We analyzed the coreceptor usage of serial primary isolates from 15 women with advanced disease who demonstrated X4 viruses. Coreceptor usage was determined by using a HOS-CD4+ cell system, biological and molecular cloning, and sequencing the envelope gene V3 region. By constructing a mathematical model to measure the proportion of virus in a specimen using each coreceptor, we demonstrated that the predominant viral population shifted from X4 at baseline to R5 strains after treatment. Multivariate analyses showed that the shift was independent of changes in plasma HIV-1 RNA level and CD4+ cell count. Hence, combination therapy may lead to a change in phenotypic character as well as in the quantity of HIV-1. Shifts in coreceptor usage may thereby contribute to the clinical efficacy of anti-HIV drugs.
Uncoupling of ATP-Mediated Calcium Signaling and Dysregulated Interleukin-6 Secretionin Dendritic Cells by Nanomolar Thimerosal
Authors: Samuel R. Goth, Ruth A. Chu, Jeffrey P. Gregg, Gennady Cherednichenko, Isaac N. Pessah
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs), a rare cell type widely distributed in the soma, are potent antigen-presenting cells that initiate primary immune responses. DCs rely on intracellular redox state and calcium (Ca2+) signals for proper development and function, but the relationship between these two signaling systems is unclear. Thimerosal (THI) is a mercurial used to preserve vaccines and consumer products, and is used experimentally to induce Ca2+ release from microsomal stores. We tested adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated Ca2+ responses of DCs transiently exposed to nanomolar THI. Transcriptional and immunocytochemical analyses show that murine myeloid immature DCs (IDCs) and mature DCs (MDCs) express inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ channels, known targets of THI. IDCs express the RyR1 isoform in a punctate distribution that is densest near plasma membranes and within dendritic processes, whereas IP3Rs are more generally distributed. RyR1 positively and negatively regulates purinergic signaling because ryanodine (Ry) blockade a) recruited 80% more ATP responders, b) shortened ATP-mediated Ca2+ transients > 2-fold, and c) produced a delayed and persistent rise (≥ 2-fold) in baseline Ca2+. THI (100 nM, 5 min) recruited more ATP responders, shortened the ATP-mediated Ca2+ transient (≥ 1.4-fold), and produced a delayed rise (≥ 3-fold) in the Ca2+ baseline, mimicking Ry. THI and Ry, in combination, produced additive effects leading to uncoupling of IP3R and RyR1 signals. THI altered ATP-mediated interleukin-6 secretion, initially enhancing the rate of cytokine secretion but suppressing cytokine secretion overall in DCs. DCs are exquisitely sensitive to THI, with one mechanism involving the uncoupling of positive and negative regulation of Ca2+ signals contributed by RyR1.
Fixed versus titrated interferon-α2B in chronic hepatitis C. A randomized controlled multicenter trial
Authors: Jurg Reichen, Leonardo Bianchi, Hugo Bühler, Nicolas Dolivo, Jean-Jacques Gonvers, Daniel Lavanchy, Pierre-Jean Malé, Eberhard L. Renner, Marc Solioz, Martin Schmid, Arthur Zimmermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)