tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient-focused Internet interventions in reproductive medicine: a scoping review
Authors: J.W.M. Aarts, P. van den Haak, W.L.D.M. Nelen, W.S. Tuil, M.J. Faber, J.A.M. Kremer
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2011)

The Internet has revolutionized fertility care since it became a popular source of information and support for infertile patients in the last decade. The aim of this scoping review is to map (i) the main categories of patient-focused Internet interventions within fertility care, (ii) the detailed composition of the interventions and (iii) how these interventions were evaluated. A literature search used various 'Internet' and 'Infertility' search terms to identify relevant studies published up to 1 September 2011. The selected studies had to include patients facing infertility and using an infertility-related Internet intervention. We charted data regarding categories of interventions, components of interventions and evaluation methodology. We categorized the stages of research using the UK's Medical Research Council framework for evaluating complex interventions. We included 20 studies and identified 3 educational interventions, 2 self-help interventions, 1 human-supported therapeutic intervention, 9 online support groups and 2 counselling services. Information provision, support and mental health promotion were common aims. Few interactive online components were present in the online programmes. Three studies were in the pilot phase and 17 were in the evaluation phase. Several categories of patient-focused Internet-based interventions in fertility care are primarily applied to provide support and education and promote mental health. The interventions could be improved by using more interactive and dynamic elements as their key components. Finally, more emphasis on methodological standards for complex interventions is needed to produce more rigorous evaluations. This review shows where further development or research into patient-focused Internet interventions in fertility-care practice may be warranted.
CHANGES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD CONSEQUENT UPON THE DIVERSION OF THE SPLENIC BLOOD INTO THE GENERAL CIRCULATION
Authors: Walter C. Burket
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. The principal change in the peripheral blood consisted in the prolonged increase in number of the transitional white blood cells, an active brief stimulation of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which were later relatively decreased in number in four cases, in three dogs a late rise in number of the mononuclear and eosinophilic cells, and in one dog of mononuclear cells alone. 2. The normally high differential percentage count of polymorphonuclear eosinophils in dogs would be expected on account of the numerous parasitic infections which they usually have. 3. The splenorenal venous anastomosis offered a simple and satisfactory method of diverting the splenic blood into the general circulation because it was easy and produced no gross abnormal intraabdominal changes, and the vessels normally lay parallel to each other and were readily approximated without tension. 4. The operation was successful in every case. 5. The animals did very well after operation and were healthy and active. 6. No noteworthy histological changes were observed in any of the organs or tissues. 7. There was no essential change in bile production that could be detected by jaundice. 8. The urine and stools showed no changes.
Medical Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy: A Consensus Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
Authors: David M. Nathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We appreciate Dr. Woo's response to our study (1) and his comparison (2) of the Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) clinical practice guidelines and the American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) consensus algorithm and welcome the opportunity to address the differences he has identified.

The original ADA/EASD consensus algorithm and the subsequent revisions were developed independently by the consensus group and were then presented to the two major diabetes organizations for their review and approval of the process. Dr. Woo notes the CDA's process of data review with a “standardized evidence-based approach” and the participation of “over 90 authors and a steering committee of 18” and concludes that the process removed “as much bias as possible,” implying that this approach was superior to our consensus algorithm process. He further notes …
Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Deletion Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Angiotensin II–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation
Authors: Miao Wang, Eric Lee, Wenliang Song, Emanuela Ricciotti, Daniel J. Rader, John A. Lawson, Ellen Puré, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Microsomal prostaglandin (PG) E 2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) catalyzes isomerization of the cyclooxygenase product PGH 2 into PGE 2 . Deletion of mPGES-1 modulates experimentally evoked pain and inflammation and retards atherogenesis. The role of mPGES-1 in abdominal aortic aneurysm is unknown. Methods and Results— The impact of mPGES-1 deletion on formation of angiotensin II–induced abdominal aortic aneurysm was studied in mice lacking low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR −/− ). Male mice deficient in both mPGES-1 and LDLR (mPGES-1 −/− LDLR −/− ) and littermate LDLR −/− mice were initiated on a high-fat diet at 6 months of age, followed 1 week later by continuous infusion of angiotensin II (1 μg/kg per minute) for an additional 4 weeks. Angiotensin II infusion upregulated aortic expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and mPGES-1, increased aortic macrophage recruitment and vascular nitrotyrosine staining (which reflects local oxidative stress), and augmented urinary excretion of the isoprostane 8,12- iso -iPF 2α -VI (which reflects lipid peroxidation in vivo) and the major metabolite of PGE 2 (PGE-M). Deletion of mPGES-1 decreased both the incidence (87.5% versus 27.3%; P =0.02) and the severity of abdominal aortic aneurysm and depressed the aortic and systemic indices of oxidative stress. Deletion of mPGES-1 also depressed urinary PGE-M, whereas it augmented excretion of PGD 2 and PGI 2 metabolites, reflecting rediversion of the accumulated PGH 2 substrate in the double knockouts. Conclusions— Deletion of mPGES-1 protects against abdominal aortic aneurysm formation induced by angiotensin II in hyperlipidemic mice, coincident with a reduction in oxidative stress. The potential efficacy of selective inhibition of mPGES-1 in preventing or retarding aneurysm formation warrants further investigation.
Rapid Evolution of HIV-1 to Functional CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cell Responses in Humanized BLT Mice
Authors: Timothy E. Dudek, Daniel C. No, Edward Seung, Vladimir D. Vrbanac, Lena Fadda, Priyasma Bhoumik, Christian L. Boutwell, Karen A. Power, Adrianne D. Gladden, Laura Battis, Elizabeth F. Mellors, Trevor R. Tivey, Xiaojiang Gao, Marcus Altfeld, Andrew D. Luster, Andrew M. Tager, Todd M. Allen
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Humanized BLT mice accurately develop human HIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses capable of rapidly selecting for CTL escape mutations.
Early Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Bariatric Surgical Procedures
Authors: David R. Flum, Leon Salem, Jo Ann Broeckel Elrod, E. Patchen Dellinger, Allen Cheadle, Leighton Chan
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Case series demonstrate that bariatric surgery can be performed with a low rate of perioperative mortality (0.5%), but the rate among high-risk patients and the community at large is unknown.To evaluate the risk of early mortality among Medicare beneficiaries and to determine the relative risk of death among older patients.Retrospective cohort study.All fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries, 1997-2002.Thirty-day, 90-day, and 1-year postsurgical all-cause mortality among patients undergoing bariatric procedures.A total of 16 155 patients underwent bariatric procedures (mean age, 47.7 years [SD, 11.3 years]; 75.8% women). The rates of 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality were 2.0%, 2.8%, and 4.6%, respectively. Men had higher rates of early death than women (3.7% vs 1.5%, 4.8% vs 2.1%, and 7.5% vs 3.7% at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year, respectively; P<.001). Mortality rates were greater for those aged 65 years or older compared with younger patients (4.8% vs 1.7% at 30 days, 6.9% vs 2.3% at 90 days, and 11.1% vs 3.9% at 1 year; P<.001). After adjustment for sex and comorbidity index, the odds of death within 90 days were 5-fold greater for older Medicare beneficiaries (aged > or =75 years; n = 136) than for those aged 65 to 74 years (n = 1381; odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-8.0). The odds of death at 90 days were 1.6 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.0) for patients of surgeons with less than the median surgical volume of bariatric procedures (among Medicare beneficiaries during the study period) after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidity index.Among Medicare beneficiaries, the risk of early death after bariatric surgery is considerably higher than previously suggested and associated with advancing age, male sex, and lower surgeon volume of bariatric procedures. Patients aged 65 years or older had a substantially higher risk of death within the early postoperative period than younger patients.
STUDIES ON THE RELATION OF TETANUS BACILLI IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT TO TETANUS ANTITOXIN IN THE BLOOD
Authors: Carl Tenbroeck, Johannes H. Bauer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. The sera of twenty-six individuals who carried tetanus bacilli in their digestive tracts all contained appreciable amounts of antitoxin. 2. The sera of thirty individuals in whose stools no tetanus-like organisms were found were, with two exceptions, free from tetanus antitoxin. 3. Although we have been unable to measure accurately the antitoxin content of these human carriers of tetanus bacilli, 0.1 cc. of serum neutralizes 10 or more M.L.D. of toxin and it is evident that they have acquired an active immunity due to the bacilli in the intestinal tract. 4. These results definitely prove that tetanus bacilli grow in the intestinal tract of man. 5. Many of the individuals who have no tetanus bacilli in their intestinal tracts and whose serum is free from antitoxin show agglutinins to tetanus bacilli. It is probable that they have been carriers of the bacilli in the past and that the agglutinins have persisted longer than the antitoxins. It seems likely, therefore, that these individuals are potentially immune to tetanus. 6. If tetanus bacilli can be established in the digestive tract of man we have a means of immunization which might be useful in armies or in regions where tetanus infections are common, though we do not recommend this method of immunization at present.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in children
Authors: A. Widlitz, R.J. Barst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

For physicians to admit that a group of patients remains for whom no cure is available in modern medicine is intellectually unsatisfying. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare condition. Because the symptoms are nonspecific and the physical finding can be subtle, the disease is often diagnosed in its later stages. The natural history of pulmonary arterial hypertension is usually progressive and fatal. At the 1998 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension World Symposium, clinical scientists from around the world gathered to review and discuss the future of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Bringing together experts from a variety of disciplines provided the opportunity for a better understanding of the pathology, pathobiology, risk factors, genetics, diagnosis and treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Remarkable progress has been made in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension over the past several decades. The pathology is now better defined and significant advances have occurred in understanding the pathobiological mechanisms. Risk factors have been identified and the genetics have been characterised. Advances in technology allow earlier diagnosis as well as better assessment of disease severity. Therapeutic modalities such as new drugs, e.g. epoprostenol, treprostinil and bosentan, and surgical interventions, e.g. transplantation and blade septostomy, which were unavailable several decades ago, have had a significant impact on prognosis and outcome. Thus, despite the inability to really cure pulmonary arterial hypertension, therapeutic advances over the past two decades have resulted in significant improvements in the outcome for children with various forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension. This review of pulmonary arterial hypertension will highlight the key features of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children and the current understanding of pulmonary arterial hypertension with specific recommendations for current practice and future directions.
The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.
Authors: N Saitou, M Nei
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

A new method called the neighbor-joining method is proposed for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from evolutionary distance data. The principle of this method is to find pairs of operational taxonomic units (OTUs [= neighbors]) that minimize the total branch length at each stage of clustering of OTUs starting with a starlike tree. The branch lengths as well as the topology of a parsimonious tree can quickly be obtained by using this method. Using computer simulation, we studied the efficiency of this method in obtaining the correct unrooted tree in comparison with that of five other tree-making methods: the unweighted pair group method of analysis, Farris's method, Sattath and Tversky's method, Li's method, and Tateno et al.'s modified Farris method. The new, neighbor-joining method and Sattath and Tversky's method are shown to be generally better than the other methods.
Influence of erythromycin on gastric emptying and meal related symptoms in functional dyspepsia with delayed gastric emptying
Authors: J Arts
Journal: Gut (2005)

Although delayed gastric emptying is considered a major pathophysiological mechanism in functional dyspepsia, the efficacy of prokinetic drugs has not been established. Recent studies using macrolide prokinetics were negative but receptor desensitisation may have played a role. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence on meal induced symptoms of acutely administered erythromycin in patients with gastroparesis.In 20 patients with functional dyspepsia, gastric emptying was studied twice using the (14)C octanoic acid and (13)C glycin breath test to establish the reproducibility of the test. Breath samples were taken before the meal and at 15 minute intervals for a period of 240 minutes postprandially. At each breath sampling, the patient was asked to grade the intensity (0-3) of six dyspeptic symptoms. Twenty four patients (three men, mean age 43.5 (3) years) with dyspeptic symptoms and delayed gastric emptying were studied twice after pretreatment with saline or erythromycin intravenously.Meal related symptom severity scores were reproducible. Treatment with erythromycin significantly enhanced solid and liquid gastric emptying (t(1/2) 146 (27) v 72 (7) minutes, respectively (p<0.01), and 87 (6) v 63 (5) minutes (p<0.001)). Only the severity of bloating was significantly improved by erythromycin (23 (3.9) v 14.5 (2.7); p<0.01); all other symptoms and the cumulative meal related symptom score were not altered by erythromycin.In a setting where desensitisation played no role, erythromycin enhanced gastric emptying was not associated with a beneficial effect on meal related symptom severity.
Liver X receptors are negative regulators of cardiac hypertrophy via suppressing NF- B signalling
Authors: S. Wu, R. Yin, R. Ernest, Y. Li, O. Zhelyabovska, J. Luo, Y. Yang, Q. Yang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsNuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a critical role in cell growth and inflammation during the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Several members of nuclear receptor superfamily, including liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ), have been shown to suppress inflammatory responses, but little is known about their effects in cardiomyocytes.
Serrated polyposis: rapid and relentless development of colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Daniel L Edelstein, Jennifer E Axilbund, Linda M Hylind, Katharine Romans, Constance A Griffin, Marcia Cruz-Correa, Francis M Giardiello
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Serrated (hyperplastic) polyposis (SP) is a rare disorder with multiple colorectal hyperplastic polyps and often sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/P) or adenomas. Although associated with colorectal cancer, the course of SP is not well described. <h3>Design</h3> 44 patients with SP were studied. The results of 146 colonoscopies with median follow-up of 2.0 years (range 0–30) and a median of 1.0 years (range 0.5–6) between surveillance colonoscopies were evaluated. Findings from oesophogastroduodenoscopy examinations were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age at diagnosis of SP was 52.5±11.9 years (range 22–78). In two pedigrees (5%) another family member had SP. None of 22 patients had gastroduodenal polyps. All patients had additional colorectal polyps at surveillance colonoscopy. SSA/P or adenomas were found in 25 patients (61%) at first colonoscopy and 83% at last colonoscopy. Recurrent SSA/P or adenomas occurred in 68% of patients at surveillance colonoscopy. Three patients had colorectal cancer. Eleven patients (25%) underwent surgery (mean time from diagnosis of SP 2.0±0.9 years). After surgery all seven surveyed patients developed recurrent polyps in the retained colorectum (4/7 had SSA/P or adenomas). No association was found between colorectal neoplasia and sex, age at diagnosis of SP or initial number of colorectal polyps. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In SP, rapid and unrelenting colorectal neoplasia development continues in the intact colorectum and retained segment after surgery. These findings support the possibility of annual colonoscopic surveillance, consideration for colectomy when SSA/P or adenomas are encountered and frequent postoperative endoscopic surveillance of the retained colorectum.
Close association of hypoadiponectinemia with arteriosclerosis obliterans and ischemic heart disease
Authors: Takahisa Kawano, Takako Saito, Takanori Yasu, Tomoyuki Saito, Tomohiro Nakamura, Kazuyuki Namai, Hiroyuki Tamemoto, Masanobu Kawakami, Muneyasu Saito, San-e Ishikawa
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Reliability of heart rate variability measures at rest and during light exercise in children
Authors: R J Winsley, N Armstrong, K Bywater, S G Fawkner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

To investigate the reliability of heart rate variability (HRV) measures at rest and during light exercise in children.Short term (five minute) HRV was assessed in 12 children (11-12 years of age). HRV measures were collected at rest with the children supine, breathing at 12 breaths/min, and during exercise on a cycle ergometer while exercising at 25% of peak oxygen uptake. Both resting and exercise data were collected twice from each child.Intraclass correlation coefficients were low to moderate for most measures with wide confidence intervals for each variable in both resting and exercise conditions. Random variation (typical error) within repeated measurements ranged from 31% to 187%.These preliminary findings suggest that HRV measures are unreliable at rest and during light exercise in children aged 11-12 years. Tighter control of extraneous influences is recommended.
Variants in the Tight Junction Gene, Claudin-1 are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Two American Populations and May Contribute to Skin Barrier Dysfunction
Authors: A. De Benedetto, N.M. Rafaels, D.Y.M. Leung, A.I. Ivanov, T. Hand, L. Gao, M. Yang, M. Boguniewicz, T.R. Hata, L. Schneider, J.M. Hanifin, R.L. Gallo, K.L. Barnes, L.A. Beck
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Efficacious pleurodesis with OK‐432 and doxorubicin against malignant pleural effusions
Authors: K. Kishi, S. Homma, S. Sakamoto, M. Kawabata, E. Tsuboi, K. Nakata, K. Yoshimura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Malignant pleural effusion develops frequently in patients with advanced lung cancer. Chemical pleurodesis is the most effective palliative treatment for these patients. The efficacy of pleurodesis using both OK‐432, a preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes , and doxorubicin for 20 patients with cytology-proven malignant pleural effusion associated with lung cancer was evaluated. After complete removal of pleural effusion, OK‐432 and 30 mg of doxorubicin were injected via an inserted chest tube. Treatment was terminated when the volume of daily drainage reached &lt;200 mL. If the daily volume remained &gt;200 mL, an additional OK‐432 was administered every 3 days. In total, 16 patients (80%) revealed a complete response, two patients (10%) revealed a partial response, and no response was seen in two patients. Eighteen patients with complete or partial responses did not show subsequent reaccumulation of pleural effusion after pleurodesis. The chest tube remained in place for an average of 6.4 days, draining a mean of 2,854 mL. The main side-effects were fever and pain that were easily treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pleurodesis using both OK‐432 and doxorubicin showed high efficacy for controlling malignant pleural effusions caused by lung cancer.
Mycosis fungoides presenting as annular erythema
Authors: D.S. Lim, G.M. Murphy, C.A. Egan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Mycosis fungoides presenting as annular erythema Get access D.S. Lim, D.S. Lim Department of Dermatology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Co Louth, Ireland Davin S.Lim. E‐mail: davinlim@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.M. Murphy, G.M. Murphy Department of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A. Egan C.A. Egan Department of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 3, 1 March 2003, Page 591, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05063.x Published: 01 March 2003 Article history Accepted: 15 July 2002 Published: 01 March 2003