tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alveolar macrophages release an insulin-like growth factor I-type molecule.
Authors: W N Rom, P Basset, G A Fells, T Nukiwa, B C Trapnell, R G Crysal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Human alveolar macrophages, when activated, release a progression-type growth factor for fibroblasts that signals "competent" fibroblasts to replicate. The present study demonstrates that this growth activity is an insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-type molecule. Partial purification of medium conditioned by activated alveolar macrophages using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography revealed an IGF-I molecule as detected by an anti-IGF-I polyclonal antibody and that the specific activity of the progression-type growth activity tracked with the amount of IGF-I present. In a serum-free complementation test, the increase in fibroblast proliferation by alveolar macrophage IGF-I was reduced in a dose-response manner with an anti-IGF-I monoclonal antibody. The alveolar macrophage IGF-I displaced 125I-IGF-I from its receptor in a binding assay utilizing human lung fibroblasts and it stimulated type I IGF receptors purified from human lung fibroblasts to phosphorylate a tyrosine-containing artificial substrate. In contrast to the 7.6-kD serum IGF-I, gel chromatography revealed that the alveolar macrophage IGF-I had an apparent molecular mass of 26 kD, similar to other tissue IGF-Is. Alveolar macrophages expressed IGF-I mRNA transcripts as detected by solution hybridization using a 32P-labeled riboprobe complementary to exons I-II-III of the IGF-I gene. In the context of the known functions of the family of IGF-I molecules in cell growth, IGF-I released by activated alveolar macrophages may play a role in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
Medicine in Europe — Career Prospects in the NHS
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

HARMONIZATION has been the soothing word pervading many documents about various aspects of the European Economic Community (EEC). In medicine it implies the pursuit of common policies in training requirements, both in the undergraduate and postgraduate periods, and the application of minimal acceptable standards of practice throughout the community.It will be many years before these aims are fully realized, and although free movement of doctors between member states of the EEC is now permitted, there has been little evidence of medical migration within the community and, indeed, little increase in professional contact between the doctors of the countries concerned. . . .
Mid-arm and chest circumferences at birth as predictors of low birth weight and neonatal mortality in the community.
Authors: S K Bhargava, S Ramji, A Kumar, M Mohan, J Marwah, H P Sachdev
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In developing countries, where about three quarters of births occur at home or in the community, logistic problems prevent the weighing of every newborn child. A study was performed to see whether other simpler measurements could be substituted for weight to identify neonates of low birth weight and those at risk. A study of 520 hospital births showed a strong correlation (p less than 0.001) between other anthropometric variables and birth weight, but the correlation was maximum for chest circumference (r = 0.8696) and mid-arm circumference (r = 0.8110). A mid-arm circumference of less than or equal to 8.7 cm and a chest circumference of less than or equal to 30 cm had the best sensitivity and specificity for identifying neonates with a birth weight of 2500 g or less. Measurements on 501 consecutive live births in the community were recorded and the infants followed up at specified ages. Mid-arm circumference was again significantly correlated to birth weight (r = 0.6918). Neonatal mortality showed an inverse relation but postneonatal mortality an inconsistent relation with mid-arm circumference. A mid-arm circumference of less than or equal to 8.7 cm and a birth weight of less than or equal to 2500 g were equally useful in predicting neonatal outcome. Mid-arm and chest circumferences are simple, practicable, quick, and reliable indicators for predicting low birth weight and neonatal outcome in the community and can be easily measured by paramedical workers in developing nations.
Loss of Allergenicity of Chlorogenic Acid in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract.
Authors: S. O. Freedman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Loss of Allergenicity of Chlorogenic Acid in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract.S. O. Freedman, M.D. (Associate), R. Shulman, M.D., J. H. Krupey, B.SC.S. O. Freedman, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, R. Shulman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. H. Krupey, B.SC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-737_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrevious studies in this laboratory have shown that chlorogenic acid, a simple phenolic compound of low molecular weight, is a major allergenic constituent of coffee bean, castor bean, and oranges. It was found, for instance, that coffee workers who developed occupational asthma or rhinitis on exposure to finely dispersed coffee dust showed positive wheal and erythema reactions to small amounts of chlorogenic acid injected intradermally. These same allergic workers were able to drink brewed coffee, which also contains chlorogenic acid, without difficulty.The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that chlorogenic acid is altered or destroyed in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montreal, Que. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 737-738KeywordsAllergensCoffeeDustErythemaGastrointestinal tractOccupational asthmaResearch laboratoriesRhinitis Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Assessment and Management of Insomnia
Authors: Carlos H. Schenck
Journal: JAMA (2003)

INSOMNIA IS A COMMON TREATABLE disorder of insufficient or poorquality sleep, with adverse daytime consequences. Insomnia presents as trouble falling asleep (long-sleep latency), trouble staying asleep (excessive or prolonged awakenings), or feeling nonrestored from sleep. Insomnia can be a primary disorder emerging in childhood or later, a conditioned (psychophysiological) disorder, or comorbid with a psychiatric, medical, or other sleep disorder. Insomnia can be transient (related to stress, illness, travel) or chronic (occurring nightly for 6 months). Persistent untreated insomnia is a strong risk factor for major depression. Insomnia must be distinguished from sleep-state misperception and short sleep states without symptoms. More than 50 epidemiological studies have shown that one third of various general populations have insomnia symptoms and that 9% to 21% have insomnia with serious daytime consequences, such as bodily fatigue, diminished energy, difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, low motivation, loss of productivity, irritability, interpersonal difficulties (with family, friends, coworkers), increased worrying, anxiety, and depression. Chronic sleep loss, which occurs in untreated insomnia, is a major risk factor for fatigue-related automobile crashes and industrial accidents, loss of jobs, marital and social problems, poor health, metabolic and endocrine dysregulation with impaired ability to maintain weight control, coronary heart disease, major depression, and suicidality. Insomnia is associated with enormous direct and indirect costs, as much as $14 billion in the United States in 1995. Physicians should therefore establish an effective clinical strategy for eliciting and managing insomnia complaints. Use of a sleep-trained nurse, psychologist, or both on a consultation basis or as a member of the physician’s medical practice should be considered. One study has reported on the benefit of behavioral treatment of insomnia provided by a trained clinic nurse in a general medical practice. However, the cost-effectiveness of incorporating a sleep-trained nurse or psychologist into a medical practice has yet to be reported.
Nitric oxide and lung disease.
Authors: P J Barnes, M G Belvisi
Journal: Thorax (1993)

diaphorase by the formation of blue for- N02 mazans from tetrazoliums can therefore be NO3 used to localise neuronal NOS.18A form of ONOO0 cNOS distinct from the neuronal form is fL-arginine localised to vascular endothelial cells.19 20 ivones cNOS from brain and endothelial cells have iettively by been cloned'922 and these are distinct ine methyl be oxidised enzymes with about 60% homology, which are also homologous to cytochrome P-450
Circulatory Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Carotid Sinus Nerves in Man
Authors: STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, G. DAVID BEISER, ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN, MORRIS STAMPFER, ANDREW S. WECHSLER, GERALD GLICK, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The effects of carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation were studied at rest and during a mild level of supine bicycle exercise in seven patients in whom CSN stimulators had been implanted for the treatment of angina pectoris. At rest, CSN stimulation produced a fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) averaging 23% and an 8% decrease in cardiac output (CO). Total peripheral resistance (TPR) fell by 14% and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) by 16%. During exercise, MAP fell 16%, but no significant change occurred in CO. Thus, the fall in MAP could be attributed to a reflexly induced decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Only small decreases occurred in heart rate. No changes in venous tone, central venous pressure, or the maximum transverse end-diastolic diameter of the heart were produced by stimulation either at rest or during exercise. Thus, at rest, CSN stimulation reduces MAP by reflexly decreasing both vascular resistance and CO; during exercise, the diminution in CO no longer occurs. Finally, the venous system does not appear to participate in reflexes activated by CSN stimulation.
Sharp rise in CT scans prompts call for new safeguards on radiation exposure
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A group of experts has called for extra safeguards to protect people from radiation exposure, given a “dramatic” recent rise in the use of computed tomography (CT) scanning.

Hospitals in England carried out almost five million CT scans in 2012-13, compared with just over one million in 1996-97, the Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment said.1 The committee chair, Alex Elliot, said that the latest data for 2013-14 showed a further 13% rise in use this year and that it showed no sign of “plateauing.”

He said that CT scans made up a big proportion of the overall medical exposure to radiation in the United Kingdom, so their rising use was …
What I Learned in Medical School: Personal Stories of Young Doctors
Authors: S. R. Gregory
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIMINISHING RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THE UTILIZATION OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICARIES: 2003-2004
Authors: Jerome Federspiel, Sally C. Stearns, Laura P. D’Arcy, Kristin L. Reiter, Brett C. Sheridan, Joseph S. Rossi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Intravenous Amino Acids
Authors: Francis D. Moore, Murray R. Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Most of the nitrogen lost from the body in disease arises from hydrolysis of skeletal-muscle protein, whether it occurs in acute or chronic illness, severe injury, minor fractures, or unstressed starvation. Losses from other protein sources, such as liver or bone matrix, may be locally and functionally important, but they are quantitatively small.The object of parenteral feeding is to put a stop to this draft on the body nitrogen bank, and, even though the patient cannot eat, to promote redeposit and resynthesis of muscle protein.The demonstration that rich, hypertonic mixtures of glucose and protein hydrolysate could accomplish such . . .
Early cardiac development: a view from stem cells to embryos
Authors: P. Van Vliet, S. M. Wu, S. Zaffran, M. Puceat
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

From the 1920s, early cardiac development has been studied in chick and, later, in mouse embryos in order to understand the first cell fate decisions that drive specification and determination of the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. More recently, mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have demonstrated faithful recapitulation of early cardiogenesis and have contributed significantly to this research over the past few decades. Derived almost 15 years ago, human ESCs have provided a unique developmental model for understanding the genetic and epigenetic regulation of early human cardiogenesis. Here, we review the biological concepts underlying cell fate decisions during early cardiogenesis in model organisms and ESCs. We draw upon both pioneering and recent studies and highlight the continued role for in vitro stem cells in cardiac developmental biology.
Flexural allergic contact dermatitis to benzalkonium chloride in antiseptic bath oil
Authors: S. Hann, T.M. Hughes, N.M. Stone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Flexural allergic contact dermatitis to benzalkonium chloride in antiseptic bath oil Get access S. Hann, S. Hann Department of Occupational Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport NP20 2UB, U.K. Correspondence: Samantha Hann. E‐mail: samantha999hann@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.M. Hughes, T.M. Hughes Department of Occupational Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport NP20 2UB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.M. Stone N.M. Stone Department of Occupational Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport NP20 2UB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 4, 1 October 2007, Pages 795–798, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08134.x Published: 01 October 2007
Immunogenicity of combined diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine given at 2, 3, and 4 months versus 3, 5, and 9 months of age
Authors: R. Booy, S. Taylor, G. Tudor-Williams, E.R. Moxon, S.J.M. Aitken, H. Griffiths, H.M. Chapel, L.A.E. Ashworth, J.A. Macfarlane, R.T. Mayon-White
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
CHORIOEPITHELIOMA MALIGNUM.WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: P. BROOKE BLAND
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I recently secured, in the service of Professor Montgomery, in his gynecologic clinic in the Jefferson Medical College Hospital, a tumor of the uterus which is comparatively new, of decided pathologic and clinical interest and worthy of permanent record. <h3>Patient.</h3> —R. M., female, white, married, aged 31. <h3>Family History.</h3> —One brother died of pulmonary tuberculosis and one maternal aunt of cancer of the uterus. <h3>History.</h3> —The patient suffered all the diseases of early childhood; otherwise she had comparatively good health. She menstruated first in her eighteenth year, and the periods were always regular and somewhat painful. She was married at 18 and has had five labors. The first four were normal, but the fifth occurred at the eighth month and was hastened or produced, she states, by sustaining a rather severe fall. The last child died in six weeks. <h3>Present Illness.</h3> —This began about six months before the admission to the hospital and four months after delivery.
Lillian Mary Matheson
Authors: David Matheson, Colette Clark, Colin Howden
Journal: BMJ (2008)

David Matheson writes:

At the time of her death, Lillian had just taken early retirement from her post as consultant clinical oncologist at the Western General Hospital in Edinburgh and the Borders General Hospital in Melrose. She was born in Glasgow in 1954 into a working class family so dominated by books and by reading that one of her earliest memory was, like me, of our grandfather taking her to join the local library. Lillian excelled at school and in her spare time was an accomplished Highland dancer. As a child she developed the interest and skill in cooking and baking whose produce would become one of the hallmarks of any visit to her house.

Lillian attended Notre Dame High School for Girls from 1966 to 1972, entering Glasgow Medical School when she was barely 17. She graduated MB ChB in 1978, having taken a year out for an intercalated BSc in pharmacology. “Bright, bubbly, and full of fun and …
Recurrent Erysipelas and Epidermophytosis Pedis
Authors: Charles S. Livingood
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr Grayson's point is well taken. However, fungus infection is by no means the only cause of interdigital maceration and fissuring; we have known for many years that pathogenic fungi can be cultured in only a certain percentage of these patients. Sarkany, Zaplin, and Blank at the University of Miami have reported (<i>JAMA</i><b>177</b>: 130-132 [July 15] 1961) that a significant number of these patients with involvement of the third and fourth interdigital spaces of the feet have erythrasma. Also, patients with chronic recurrent eczematous dermatitis on various sites of the feet, but particularly the dorsum of the toes and the upper pole of the interdigital spaces, may have an associated recurrent cellulitis.
Pressure Sores Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Richard M. Allman, Carol A. Laprade, Linda B. Noel, Joanne M. Walker, Catherine A. Moorer, Margaret R. Dear, Craig R. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

A cross-sectional survey was done to determine the prevalence of pressure sores in hospitalized patients and the factors associated with having a pressure sore in the hospital. Among 634 adult patients, 30 (4.7%; 3.1% to 6.3%, 95% confidence interval) had a pressure sore and 78 (12.3%; 9.8% to 14.8%) were at risk for a pressure sore because they had been confined to a bed or chair for at least 1 week. Comparing these two groups of patients, we found that fecal incontinence, diarrhea, fractures, urinary catheter use, decreased weight, dementia, and hypoalbuminemia were associated with having pressure sores (p ≤ 0.05). Using logistic regression analysis, hypoalbuminemia, fecal incontinence, and fractures remained significantly and independently associated with having a pressure sore (odds ratios = 3.0, 3.1, and 5.2, respectively; p ≤0.05). Our findings suggest that 17% (14% to 20%) of hospitalized patients have pressure sores or are at risk for them, and that hypoalbuminemia, fecal incontinence, and fractures may identify bedridden patients at greatest risk.
Points: Rh(D) haemolytic disease of the newborn
Authors: M J Stone
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Mr P H Chapins and colleagues have provided information useful to practising physicians (25 May, p 1546).Although the authors viewed sigmoidoscopy as unhelpful in differentiating neoplastic (polyps, adenocarcinoma) from non-neoplastic sources (haemorrhoids, diverticula, etc), the data can be viewed as valuable in assessing the validity of rectal bleeding as a historical screening tool.Specifically, the simple characteristic of "no rectal bleeding" appears quite accurate in identifying those individuals without neoplastic disease.The 2 x 2 table is reconstructed from data in the article.The predictive value of a Relation between rectal bleeding and findings on siginoidoscopy Findings on sigmoidoscopy Carcinoma or No polyp or polyp >10cm carcinoma >10cm Rectal bleeding 4 44 No rectal bleeding 8 263positive finding, as described in the paper, is 4/48 or 8%-quite low.In contrast, the predictive value of a negative finding is 263/271 or 97%-that is, a history of no rectal bleeding accurately identified patients without neoplastic processes.While these results must be used cautiously when applied to a population different from that described in their study, it appears that a negative response to inquiry about rectal bleeding may be useful in identifying patients at low risk for rectosigmoid neoplasia.
Abortion does not raise risk of breast cancer, US study finds
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The government has admitted that it will have to wait years before it discovers whether there are real productivity gains from the new consultants' contract.NHS leaders also told the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts last week that lessons had been learnt from mistakes made when the contract was introduced, such as not piloting it before implementation.They were giving evidence as part of the committee's inquiry into the consultants' contract.The session was prompted by the publication earlier this month of a report from the government's
Effects of low molecular weight heparin, alone or combined with antithrombin III, on mortality, fibrin deposits and hemostatic parameters in endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rabbits
Authors: J. Hermida, R. Montes, M.C. Mu�oz, J. Orbe, J.A. P�ramo, E. Rocha
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with or without antithrombin III (AT III) has been studied in a rabbit model of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) induced by continuous infusion of 100 μg/kg/hr of Escherichia coli endotoxin for 6 hr. LMWH (5 and 10 IU/kg/hr/6 hr), alone or in combination with AT III (20 U/kg/hr/6 hr), or saline were administered simultaneously with endotoxin. Hemostatic markers at 0, 2, and 6 hr as well as kidney fibrin deposits and the mortality rate at 24 hr were determined. Rabbits receiving only endotoxin showed an impairment in hemostasis, as well as high kidney fibrin deposits and a high mortality rate. LMWH alone did not exert any effect. The simultaneous infusion of LMWH and AT III exerted a beneficial effect on the hemostatic markers and reduced the kidney fibrin deposits as well as the mortality rate in a LMWH dose-dependent manner. Fibrinogen and protein C consumption were significantly higher and renal fibrin deposits more intense in the rabbits that had died in the first 24 hr. There was also a significant positive correlation between kidney fibrin deposits and platelets, fibrinogen, and protein C consumption, taking the whole rabbit population. It is concluded that the simultaneous infusion of LMWH and AT III is useful in this DIC model and would make it possible to reduce significantly the AT III doses used when AT III is given alone. Am. J. Hematol. 60:6–11, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.