tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angio-oedema in relation to treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
Authors: T. Hedner, O. Samuelsson, H. Lunde, L. Lindholm, L. Andren, B. E. Wiholm
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To evaluate and describe the clinical course of angio-oedema reactions induced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.All reports of angio-oedema reactions associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors submitted to Swedish Adverse Reactions Advisory Committee were reviewed and the clinical courses summarised. Numbers of cases judged to be induced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were related to their annual usage, estimated from total sales of defined daily doses, as well as to the estimated number of new patients. All cases of angio-oedema associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors reported to the World Health Organisation's international drug information system were also summarised.36 of the 38 reported cases in Sweden between 1981 and 1990 were judged to be related to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. During 1981 through 1990, altogether 1309 cases of angio-oedema associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were registered with the international drug information system. The incidence of reported cases of angio-oedema increased largely in parallel with the increased sales (usage) of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Of the 36 Swedish patients, 77% experienced the reaction within the first three weeks after starting treatment. 10 patients needed hospitalisation, two of whom had life threatening laryngeal obstruction. With one exception all 36 patients were free of symptoms within one week after discontinuing the drug.Angio-oedema induced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is a rare but potentially life threatening reaction, which in most instances occurs shortly after the start of treatment. Any patient in whom the reaction is suspected should have the treatment interrupted and, if necessary, be admitted for observation.
Long-term mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiac assist after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Klaus Distelmaier, Alexander Niessner, Dominik Haider, Irene M. Lang, Gottfried Heinz, Gerald Maurer, Herbert Koinig, Barbara Steinlechner, Georg Goliasch
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Safety of Aerial Pesticide Spraying for Mosquitoes
Authors: Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Wendy M. Chung, MD, SM; Christen M. Buseman, PhD, MPH; Sibeso N. Joyner, MPH; Sonya M. Hughes, MPH; Thomas B. Fomby, PhD; James P. Luby, MD; Robert W. Haley, MD
Vegetable, Fruit, and Cereal Fiber Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Men
Authors: Eric B. Rimm
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To examine prospectively the relationship between dietary fiber and risk of coronary heart disease.Cohort study.In 1986, a total of 43,757 US male health professionals 40 to 75 years of age and free from diagnosed cardiovascular disease and diabetes completed a detailed 131-item dietary questionnaire used to measure usual intake of total dietary fiber and specific food sources of fiber.Fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI).During 6 years of follow-up, we documented 734 cases of MI (229 were fatal coronary heart disease). The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) for total MI was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.76) among men in the highest quintile of total dietary fiber intake (median, 28.9 g/d) compared with men in the lowest quartile (median, 12.4 g/d). The inverse association was strongest for fatal coronary disease (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.72). After controlling for smoking, physical activity and other known nondietary cardiovascular risk factors, dietary saturated fat, vitamin E, total energy intake, and alcohol intake, the RRs were only modestly attenuated. A 10-g increase in total dietary fiber corresponded to an RR for total MI of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.93). Within the three main food contributors to total fiber intake (vegetable, fruit, and cereal), cereal fiber was most strongly associated with a reduced risk of total MI (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.91 for each 10-g increase in cereal fiber per day).Our results suggest an inverse association between fiber intake and MI. These results support current national dietary guidelines to increase dietary fiber intake and suggest that fiber, independent of fat intake, is an important dietary component for the prevention of coronary disease.
Hydroxyl radical generation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.
Authors: H Rosen, S J Klebanoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was employed to detect the formation of hydroxyl radicals (OH.) by phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). An electron spin resonance signal with the identical g value and splitting characteristics of the DMPO/OH). adduct was detected on incubation of normal PMN with opsonized zymosan. Adduct formation was strongly inhibited by superoxide dismutase and by the OH. scavenger mannitol, but catalase had little or no effect. (DMPO/OH). was not formed by PMN from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease; in contrast, adduct formation by PMN which lack myeloperoxidase was greater than normal. These findings are discussed in relation to the formation of OH. by PMN.
NHS reforms do little to empower patients, charities say
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Eight leading health charities have criticised the health reforms in England, saying that the plan to make GP commissioning consortiums accountable to the public are far too weak.

The Health and Social Care Bill, which has just reached the committee stage ( BMJ 2011;342:d837, 8 Feb, doi:10.1136/bmj.d837), places £80bn of the NHS budget in the hands of the GP led consortiums. One of the stated aims of the reforms is to empower patients. But in a letter to the Times the charities say that the changes do little to give patients a stronger voice at the local level.

The letter, signed by the Alzheimer’s Society, Asthma UK, Breakthrough Breast Cancer, Diabetes UK, National Voices, Rethink, …
Serum uric acid concentrations in a Xhosa community in the Transkei of Southern Africa.
Authors: P Beighton, G Daynes, C L Soskolne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations were measured in specimens obtained from 479 respondents aged 15 and over during an epidemiological survey of bone and joint conditions in a tribal Xhosa community living in the Transkei, Southern Africa. Population SUA levels in the Xhosa were significantly lower than those previously observed in South Africa Negro groups in rural and urban environments. This finding agrees with the observations that population SUA concentrations tend to rise with increasing complexity of life style.
Accuracy of volume measurement by conductance catheter in isolated, ejecting canine hearts.
Authors: D Burkhoff, E van der Velde, D Kass, J Baan, W L Maughan, K Sagawa
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We evaluated the accuracy of the recently reported technique of estimating intraventricular volume by measurement of intracavitary electrical conductance in six isolated, ejecting, canine left ventricles. Left ventricular volumes were measured directly by a previously validated servosystem that employed an electroconductive balloon placed in the left ventricular cavity. The volume measured continuously by the balloon method (Vbal) was compared with that estimated by the conductance method (Vcath). For this test, the hearts were made to eject and fill physiologically by the use of a previously described computer-simulated arterial loading system. Complex ejection and filling patterns were created by stimulating the atrium mechanically, which resulted in irregular arrhythmatic contractions spanning a wide range of volumes. We found that there was a highly linear relationship (r2 = .982 +/- .014) between Vbal and Vcath: Vcath = 0.82 (+/- .05) Vbal + 26.7 (+/- 11.8) ml. Despite the wide variation in the offset term of this relationship among the different hearts, the offset within a given heart was predicted within 3.5 ml by a previously detailed "dilution" method that is applicable to the heart in situ within a closed thorax. Thus, since the offset term is obtainable in situ, the conductance method provides a signal that is proportional to the actual volume. To determine whether right ventricular volume influenced the accuracy of left ventricular measurement, we compared the relationship between Vcath and Vbal obtained with right ventricular volumes of 0 and 30 ml. Increasing the right ventricular volume shifted the relationship upward by less than 3 ml in the working range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aluminum and Metabolic Bone Disease
Authors: Khursheed N. Jeejeebhoy, Moshe Shike
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1983Aluminum and Metabolic Bone DiseaseKHURSHEED N. JEEJEEBHOY, M.B., B.S., MOSHE SHIKE, M.D.KHURSHEED N. JEEJEEBHOY, M.B., B.S.Search for more papers by this author, MOSHE SHIKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-733 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Ott and associates (1) ascribing metabolic bone disease to aluminum toxicity has used data from our study (2): They state, "Those investigators sent us bone sections from their patients, which we stained for aluminum. Four patients with symptomatic osteomalacia had positive results of aluminum stains, whereas seven asymptomatic patients had negative results. Although the patients were on total parenteral nutrition solutions free of aluminum, . . ." This statement and its interpretation are incorrect, for the following reasons:We had only three symptomatic patients, not four, as stated in their paper. The correct number...References1. OTTMALONEYKLEIN SNG. Aluminum is associated with low bone formation in patients receiving chronic parenteral nutrition. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:910-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHIKESTURTRIDGETAM MWC. A possible role of vitamin D in the genesis of parenteral-nutrition-induced metabolic bone disease. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:560-8. LinkGoogle Scholar1. SHIKESTURTRIDGETAM MWC. A possible role of vitamin D in the genesis of parenteral-nutrition-induced metabolic bone disease. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:560-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KHURSHEED N. JEEJEEBHOY, M.B., B.S.; MOSHE SHIKE, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIncrease in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Content in Patients on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition Without Vitamin D Supplementation 1 November 1983Volume 99, Issue 5Page: 733-734KeywordsBoneMetabolic disordersTotal parenteral nutritionToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO-INFLUENZA VIRUS SYSTEM
Authors: Oscar C. Liu, Werner Henle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Equal mixtures of influenza A (PR8) and B (Lee) viruses, based on predetermined ID(50) values of the individual preparations, were titrated in closely spaced steps near the 50 per cent infectivity end-point. Typing of the hemagglutinins found in the allantoic fluids after incubation of the eggs for 72 hours showed an approximately equal distribution between types A and B, when less than 2 ID(50) of the mixed seed had been injected. With larger inocula influenza A became dominant because it reproduces at a faster rate than the influenza B virus. While this result agreed with expectations, it was found that passage of the allantoic fluids revealing influenza A agglutinins in mixture with anti-A serum, and of B agglutinins with anti-B, yielded the heterologous virus in many instances, even when only one-half of an ID(50) of mixed seed had been administered in the original titration. "Negative" fluids obtained from embryos injected with as little as one-eighth of an ID(50) upon passage yielded on occasion virus of one or the other type. Similar closely spaced titrations near the 50 per cent end-point of single strains (PR8) indicated that if hemagglutinins were found after incubation of 72 hours they were of high titer, as a rule. However, in some embryos hemagglutinins became detectable only between the 3rd and 4th days of incubation. In addition, negative allantoic fluids removed from embryos 72 hours after injection yielded on occasion virus on passage, yet no hemagglutinins were found in some of these eggs after an additional incubation period of 24 hours, or a total of 96 hours. None of the possible explanations for these various observations, which have been discussed in detail, is completely satisfactory. However, the data indicate that in infectivity titrations the ID(50) end-point obtained at 72 hours, or even after 96 hours, does not reflect the total amount of virus present in the material titrated. The data also denote that separation of variants, or mutants or "genetic recombinants" by the limiting dilution technic, although possible, does not represent an absolutely safe procedure.
Abstract 3187: Utility of serum p53 antibodies in patients with various types of malignant tumors
Authors: Nobutoshi Hagiwara, Masao Miyashita, Naoyuki Yamashita, Shinya Iida, Tsutomu Nomura, Hiroshi Makino, Keiichi Okawa, Ken Takahashi, Ichiro Akagi, Eriko Shinozuka, Itsuro Fujita, Yoshiichi Kanazawa, Nobuyuki Sakurazawa, Hiroyuki Onodera, Eiji Uchida
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Circulating anti-p53 antibody(p53-Ab) in blood can be detected in various cancers. Serum p53-Ab has been applied as a tumor marker in clinical practice. We studied the clinical significance of p53-Ab in patients with esophageal, colorectal, and breast carcinoma. Methods: p53-Ab in serum was measured with Enzyme-linked immunosorvent assay (ELISA) before treatment in 51 patients with esophageal carcinoma, 54 patients with colorectal carcinoma, and 84 patients with breast carcinoma. clinical and pathological features of these cancers The association between clinicopathological factors of these cancers and the level of p53-Ab in serum was evaluated. Results: Twenty-one(41%) of 51 patients with esophageal cancer, 23 (42%) of 54 with colorectal cancer, and 26 (30%) of 84 with breast cancer were diagnosed as p53-Ab positive according to the Manufacture's cut-off value. p53-Abs in serum were observed in all these cancer patients with earlier stage. Positive p53-Ab cases in esophageal, colorectal, and breast cancer in stage I were 33%, 25%, and 35%, respectively. There was no correlation between the positive cases and the age, sex, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, or tumor stage. Conclusion: This study showed that p53-Ab in serum was frequently detected in patients with esophageal, colorectal, and breast cancer. p53-Ab can be a promising tumor marker for the early detection of these cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3187. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3187
Antioxidant Protection of LDL by Physiological Concentrations of 17β-Estradiol
Authors: Glenn T. Shwaery, Joseph A. Vita, John F. Keaney
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Exposure to estrogens reduces the risk for coronary artery disease and associated clinical events; however, the mechanisms responsible for these observations are not clear. Supraphysiological levels of estrogens act as antioxidants in vitro, limiting oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), an event implicated in atherogenesis. We investigated the conditions under which physiological concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) inhibit oxidative modification of LDL. Methods and Results Plasma incubated with E 2 (0.1 to 100 nmol/L) for 4 hours yielded LDL that demonstrated a dose-related increase in resistance to oxidation by Cu 2+ as measured by conjugated diene formation. This effect was dependent on plasma, because incubation of isolated LDL with E 2 at these concentrations in buffered saline produced no effect on Cu 2+ -mediated oxidation. Incubation of plasma with E 2 had no effect on LDL α-tocopherol content or cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide formation during the 4-hour incubation. Plasma incubation with [ 3 H]E 2 was associated with dose-dependent association of 3 H with LDL. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of LDL derived from plasma incubated with [ 3 H]E 2 indicated that the majority of the associated species were not detectable as authentic E 2 but as nonpolar forms of E 2 that were susceptible to base hydrolysis consistent with fatty acid esterification of E 2 . Plasma-mediated association of E 2 and subsequent antioxidant protection was inhibited by 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), an inhibitor of plasma acyltransferase activity. Conclusions Exposure of LDL to physiological levels of E 2 in a plasma milieu is associated with enhanced resistance to Cu 2+ -mediated oxidation and incorporation of E 2 derivatives into LDL. This antioxidant capacity may be another means by which E 2 limits coronary artery disease in women.
Lung Asbestos Content in Lungs Resected for Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Casey M. Wright, Rayleen V. Bowman, Maxine E. Tan, Maria U. Martins, Rebecca E. McLachlan, Linda H. Passmore, Morgan N. Windsor, Belinda E. Clarke, Edwina E. Duhig, Annabelle M. Mahar, Kwun Fong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Long-term therapy with clevudine for chronic hepatitis B can be associated with myopathy characterized by depletion of mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Jung Im Seok, Dong Kuck Lee, Chang Hyeong Lee, Min Su Park, Sun Young Kim, Hyang‐Sook Kim, Hee‐Young Jo, Chang Hun Lee, Dae‐Seong Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Clevudine (Revovir), a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue, is a recently introduced antiviral drug. Clinical trials have demonstrated potent, sustained antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus without specific adverse events. The lack of cytotoxicity and absence of an effect on mitochondrial function have been considered the reasons for the fewer adverse events. However, it came to our attention that several hepatitis B patients developed myopathy during clevudine therapy. Our study was aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological features of patients with clevudine-induced myopathy with some consideration of its pathogenetic mechanism. Seven hepatitis B patients who developed severe skeletal myopathy during clevudine therapy were examined in this study. The demographic data, clinical features, pathological findings, and molecular studies of these patients were analyzed with speculation about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. All seven patients were treated with clevudine for more than 8 months (8-13 months). In all, the main symptom was slowly progressive proximal muscular weakness over several months. A markedly elevated creatine kinase level and myopathic patterns on electromyography were found. Muscle biopsies revealed severe myonecrosis associated with numerous ragged red fibers, cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibers, and predominant type II fiber atrophy. Molecular studies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed a depletion of the mitochondrial DNA in the patients' skeletal muscle.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of myopathy associated with clevudine therapy. This study has clearly shown that long-term clevudine therapy can induce the depletion of mitochondrial DNA and lead to mitochondrial myopathy associated with myonecrosis. Careful clinical and laboratory attention should be paid to patients on long-term clevudine therapy for this skeletal muscle dysfunction.
NG-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of L-arginine-derived nitric oxide synthesis, stimulates renal sympathetic nerve activity in vivo. A role for nitric oxide in the central regulation of sympathetic tone?
Authors: I Sakuma, H Togashi, M Yoshioka, H Saito, M Yanagida, M Tamura, T Kobayashi, H Yasuda, S S Gross, R Levi
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Continuous production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) in peripheral vessels has been shown to modulate vascular resistance and blood pressure. NO is also formed in the brain upon activation of glutamate receptors, which are thought to mediate central autonomic reflexes. In the present study we assessed whether NO plays a role in central autonomic regulation. For this, we have investigated the effects of NG-methyl-L-arginine (NMA), a selective inhibitor of NO synthesis from L-arginine, on sympathetic renal nerve activity (RNA), blood pressure, and heart rate in the anesthetized rat. NMA elicited a dose-dependent sustained increase in blood pressure (approximately 20 and 30 mm Hg, 5 minutes after 10 and 50 mumol/kg i.v., respectively). Heart rate and RNA decreased transiently (15 beats per minute and 40%, respectively); RNA subsequently increased (100%) while blood pressure remained elevated. Baroreceptor deafferentation markedly altered these responses to NMA; the transient decreases in heart rate and RNA were abolished, whereas the increases in RNA and blood pressure were significantly potentiated. After spinal C-1-C-2 transection, there was no increase in RNA, and blood pressure increased to a smaller extent. L-Arginine blocked the NMA-induced increases in blood pressure and RNA. Thus, in addition to modulating vascular resistance by a peripheral action, NO may also play a role in the central regulation of sympathetic tone.