tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What is the relevance of Boyer &amp; Lienard's model for psychosocial treatments?
Authors: Jonathan D. Huppert, Shawn P. Cahill
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Boyer &amp; Lienard's (B&amp;L's) model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rituals does not completely conform to our clinical experience with patients, and the clinical implications of their model is not described by the authors. We discuss potential differences of opinion regarding both the nature of OCD and the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of symptoms, and how emotional processing theories can account for treatment effects.
Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses (HTLV): A Unique Family of Pathogenic Retroviruses
Authors: Samuel Broder, Robert C. Gallo
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1985)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Contribution of separate house dust mite avoidance measures in improving the clinical condition of asthmatic patients
Authors: S.G.M. Cloosterman, T.R.J. Schermer, I.D. Bijl-Hofland, S. van der Heide, B. Brunekreef, F.J.J. van den Elshout, H.T.M. Folgering, C.P. van Schayck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)
Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: V. L. Gloy, M. Briel, D. L. Bhatt, S. R. Kashyap, P. R. Schauer, G. Mingrone, H. C. Bucher, A. J. Nordmann
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To quantify the overall effects of bariatric surgery compared with non-surgical treatment for obesity. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis based on a random effects model. <b>Data sources</b> Searches of Medline, Embase, and the <i>Cochrane Library</i> from their inception to December 2012 regardless of language or publication status. <b>Eligibility criteria </b>Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials with ≥6 months of follow-up that included individuals with a body mass index ≥30, compared current bariatric surgery techniques with non-surgical treatment, and reported on body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, or adverse events. <b>Results</b> The meta-analysis included 11 studies with 796 individuals (range of mean body mass index at baseline 30-52). Individuals allocated to bariatric surgery lost more body weight (mean difference −26 kg (95% confidence interval −31 to −21)) compared with non-surgical treatment, had a higher remission rate of type 2 diabetes (relative risk 22.1 (3.2 to 154.3) in a complete case analysis; 5.3 (1.8 to 15.8) in a conservative analysis assuming diabetes remission in all non-surgically treated individuals with missing data) and metabolic syndrome (relative risk 2.4 (1.6 to 3.6) in complete case analysis; 1.5 (0.9 to 2.3) in conservative analysis), greater improvements in quality of life and reductions in medicine use (no pooled data). Plasma triglyceride concentrations decreased more (mean difference −0.7 mmol/L (−1.0 to −0.4) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations increased more (mean difference 0.21 mmol/L (0.1 to 0.3)). Changes in blood pressure and total or low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different. There were no cardiovascular events or deaths reported after bariatric surgery. The most common adverse events after bariatric surgery were iron deficiency anaemia (15% of individuals undergoing malabsorptive bariatric surgery) and reoperations (8%). <b>Conclusions</b> Compared with non-surgical treatment of obesity, bariatric surgery leads to greater body weight loss and higher remission rates of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, results are limited to two years of follow-up and based on a small number of studies and individuals. <b>Systematic review registration</b> PROSPERO CRD42012003317 (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).
Modulation of T-Cell Activation by Malignant Melanoma Initiating Cells
Authors: Tobias Schatton, Ute Schütte, Natasha Y. Frank, Qian Zhan, André Hoerning, Susanne C. Robles, Jun Zhou, F. Stephen Hodi, Giulio C. Spagnoli, George F. Murphy, Markus H. Frank
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Highly immunogenic cancers such as malignant melanoma are capable of inexorable tumor growth despite the presence of antitumor immunity. Thus, only a restricted minority of tumorigenic malignant cells may possess the phenotypic and functional characteristics needed to modulate tumor-directed immune activation. Here we provide evidence supporting this hypothesis. Tumorigenic ABCB5+ malignant melanoma initiating cells (MMICs) possessed the capacity to preferentially inhibit IL-2–dependent T-cell activation and to support, in a B7.2-dependent manner, induction of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Compared with melanoma bulk cell populations, ABCB5+ MMICs displayed lower levels of MHC class I, aberrant positivity for MHC class II, and lower expression levels of the melanoma-associated antigens MART-1, ML-IAP, NY-ESO-1, and MAGE-A. Additionally, these tumorigenic ABCB5+ subpopulations preferentially expressed the costimulatory molecules B7.2 and PD-1, both in established melanoma xenografts and in clinical tumor specimens. In immune activation assays, MMICs inhibited mitogen-dependent human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and IL-2 production more efficiently than ABCB5− melanoma cell populations. Moreover, coculture with ABCB5+ MMICs increased the abundance of Tregs, in a B7.2 signaling-dependent manner, along with IL-10 production by mitogen-activated PBMCs. Consistent with these findings, MMICs also preferentially inhibited IL-2 production and induced IL-10 secretion by cocultured patient-derived, syngeneic PBMCs. Our findings identify novel T-cell modulatory functions of ABCB5+ melanoma subpopulations and suggest specific roles for these MMICs in the evasion of antitumor immunity and in cancer immunotherapeutic resistance. Cancer Res; 70(2); 697–708
Superiority of treadmill walking exercise versus strength training for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Implications for the mechanism of the training response.
Authors: W R Hiatt, E E Wolfel, R H Meier, J G Regensteiner
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND In patients with intermittent claudication, a supervised walking exercise program increases peak exercise performance and community-based functional status. Patients with peripheral arterial disease also have muscle weakness in the affected extremity that may contribute to the walking impairment. However, the potential benefits of training modalities other than walking exercise, such as strength training, have not been critically evaluated in this patient population. The present study tested the hypothesis that a strength training program would be as effective as treadmill walking exercise and that combinations of strengthening and walking exercise would be more effective than either alone in improving exercise performance. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with disabling claudication were randomized to 12 weeks of supervised walking exercise on a treadmill (3 h/wk at a work intensity sufficient to produce claudication), strength training (3 h/wk of resistive training of five muscle groups of each leg), or a nonexercising control group. Graded treadmill testing was performed to maximally tolerated claudication pain to define changes in peak exercise performance. After 12 weeks, patients in the treadmill training program had a 74 +/- 58% increase in peak walking time as well as improvements in peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and the onset of claudication pain. Patients in the strength-trained group had a 36 +/- 48% increase in peak walking time but no change in peak VO2 or claudication onset time. Control subjects had no changes in any of these measures over the 12-week period. After the first 12 weeks, patients in the initial walking exercise group continued for 12 more weeks of supervised treadmill training. This resulted in an additional 49 +/- 53% increase in peak walking time (total of 128 +/- 99% increase over the 24 weeks). After the initial 12 weeks, patients in the strength-trained group began 12 weeks of supervised treadmill training, and patients in the control group participated in a 12-week combined program of strengthening and treadmill walking exercise. The combined strength and treadmill training program and treadmill training after 12 weeks of strength training resulted in increases in peak exercise performance similar to those observed with 12 weeks of treadmill training alone. CONCLUSIONS A supervised treadmill walking exercise program is an effective means to improve exercise performance in patients with intermittent claudication, with continued improvement over 24 weeks of training. In contrast, 12 weeks of strength training was less effective than 12 weeks of supervised treadmill walking exercise. Finally, strength training, whether sequential or concomitant, did not augment the response to a walking exercise program.
Artificial playing surface increases the injury risk in pivoting indoor sports: a prospective one-season follow-up study in Finnish female floorball
Authors: K Pasanen, J Parkkari, L Rossi, P Kannus
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objectives: To compare the injury risk in pivoting indoor sports between two different surfaces: artificial floors and wooden floors. Methods: Female players (n = 331) from 26 top-level Finnish floorball teams were followed for one competitive season (6 months). All traumatic game related time-loss injuries were recorded. Injury incidences were calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 game hours for both surfaces. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were obtained from Poisson regression models. Results: Over the competitive season, 62 traumatic injuries occurred during the games. The injury incidence per 1000 playing hours was 59.9 (95% CI 43.2 to 83.0) on artificial floors and 26.8 (95% CI 18.2 to 39.3) on wooden floors, the adjusted IRR being twofold higher (IRR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.5, p = 0.005) on artificial floors than wooden floors. The risk for non-contact injuries (adjusted IRR = 12.5; 95% CI 2.9 to 54.9, p = 0.001) and severe injuries (adjusted IRR = 3.3; 95% CI 0.9 to 10.9, p = 0.052) was especially high when playing on artificial floors. Conclusions: The study attested that the risk of traumatic injury in pivoting indoor sports is higher when playing on artificial floors than wooden floors. The higher shoe–surface friction on the former surface is likely to explain the higher injury risk.
High pre-treatment serum hepatitis B virus titre predicts failure of lamivudine prophylaxis and graft re-infection after liver transplantation
Authors: David Mutimer, Deenan Pillay, Elizabeth Dragon, Howard Tang, Monz Ahmed, Katharina O'Donnell, Jean Shaw, Nigel Burroughs, David Rand, Patricia Cane, Brian Martin, Sandy Buchan, Elizabeth Boxall, Scott Barmat, Karen Gutekunst, Paul McMaster, Elwyn Elias
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Community-based approaches to HIV treatment in resource-poor settings
Authors: Paul Farmer, Fernet Léandre, Joia S Mukherjee, Marie Sidonise Claude, Patrice Nevil, Mary C Smith-Fawzi, Serena P Koenig, Arachu Castro, Mercedes C Becerra, Jeffrey Sachs, Amir Attaran, Jim Yong Kim
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Mechanisms Regulating Renin Release in Dogs with Thoracic Caval Constriction
Authors: Robert T. Witty, James O. Davis, Robert E. Shade, J. Alan Johnson, Russell L. Prewitt
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

In dogs with chronic thoracic caval constriction, renal denervation was followed by a fall in plasma renin activity from an average of 82.1 ± 1.5 (SE) ng angiotensin/ml of plasma over a 9-day control period to 40.8 ± 2.3 ng/ml for a 13-day period after denervation ( P &lt; 0.001); normal value was 4.7 ± 0.7 ng/ml. There was no detectable effect of renal denervation on the marked sodium retention. Thus the renal nerves contributed to the high plasma renin activity during caval constriction, but renal innervation was not essential for hypersecretion of renin. In a second group of dogs with caval constriction, the nonfiltering kidney model with a nonfunctional macula densa was produced, and renin secretion was measured before and after papaverine infusion into the left renal artery. Papaverine decreased renin secretion from 1090 ± 185 ng angiotensin/min to 497 ± 140 ng/min ( P &lt; 0.005). This initial rate of renin secretion of 1090 ng/min was higher than that from a nonfiltering left kidney of 190 ± 50 ng/min in otherwise normal dogs ( P &lt; 0.001). In a third series of dogs with caval constriction but with filtering kidneys, papaverine produced a similar decrease in renin secretion and an associated increase in sodium excretion. Since papaverine dilated the renal arterioles and the macula densa was nonfunctional in dogs with a nonfiltering kidney, these data support the concept that an intrarenal vascular receptor mediates the elevation in renin secretion in this model with chronic ascites. The striking decrease in renin secretion in response to intrarenal propranolol in dogs with either a filtering or a nonfiltering kidney indicates that a beta receptor is also involved.
Functional Role for Syk Tyrosine Kinase in Natural Killer Cell–mediated Natural Cytotoxicity
Authors: Kathryn M. Brumbaugh, Bryce A. Binstadt, Daniel D. Billadeau, Renee A. Schoon, Christopher J. Dick, Rosa M. Ten, Paul J. Leibson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Natural killer (NK) cells are named based on their natural cytotoxic activity against a variety of target cells. However, the mechanisms by which sensitive targets activate killing have been difficult to study due to the lack of a prototypic NK cell triggering receptor. Pharmacologic evidence has implicated protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in natural killing; however, Lck-deficient, Fyn-deficient, and ZAP-70–deficient mice do not exhibit defects in natural killing despite demonstrable defects in T cell function. This discrepancy implies the involvement of other tyrosine kinases. Here, using combined biochemical, pharmacologic, and genetic approaches, we demonstrate a central role for the PTK Syk in natural cytotoxicity. Biochemical analyses indicate that Syk is tyrosine phosphorylated after stimulation with a panel of NK-sensitive target cells. Pharmacologic exposure to piceatannol, a known Syk family kinase inhibitor, inhibits natural cytotoxicity. In addition, gene transfer of dominant-negative forms of Syk to NK cells inhibits natural cytotoxicity. Furthermore, sensitive targets that are rendered NK-resistant by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I transfection no longer activate Syk. These data suggest that Syk activation is an early and requisite signaling event in the development of natural cytotoxicity directed against a variety of cellular targets.
The effects of sulforaphane on the liver and remote organ damage in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model formed with pringle maneuver in rats
Authors: Abdullah Oguz, Murat Kapan, Ibrahim Kaplan, Ulas Alabalik, Burak Veli Ulger, Omer Uslukaya, Ahmet Turkoglu, Yilmaz Polat
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
The Receptor RAGE as a Progression Factor Amplifying Arachidonate-Dependent Inflammatory and Proteolytic Response in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Francesco Cipollone, Annalisa Iezzi, Maria Fazia, Mirco Zucchelli, Barbara Pini, Chiara Cuccurullo, Domenico De Cesare, Giovanni De Blasis, Raffaella Muraro, Roberto Bei, Francesco Chiarelli, Ann Marie Schmidt, Franco Cuccurullo, Andrea Mezzetti
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products [AGEs]) plays a role in diabetic atherosclerosis. Recently, we have demonstrated enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and PGE synthase-1 (COX-2/mPGES-1) in human symptomatic plaques, and provided evidence that it is associated with metalloproteinase (MMP)-induced plaque rupture. However, the specific transmembrane signaling pathway(s) influencing plaque COX-2/mPGES-1 expression is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize RAGE expression in human plaques and to correlate it with the inflammatory infiltration, COX-2/mPGES-1 and MMP expression, and with clinical evidence of diabetes. Methods and Results— Plaques obtained from 60 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were divided into diabetic and nondiabetic according to clinical evidence of type 2 diabetes. Plaques were subjected to analysis of RAGE, NF-κB, COX-2/mPGES-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, lipid and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) content, and collagen content by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, whereas zymography was used to detect MMP activity. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T-lymphocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and HLA-DR+ inflammatory cells. Diabetic plaques had more ( P &lt;0.0001) macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and HLA-DR+ cells, more ( P &lt;0.0001) immunoreactivity for RAGE, activated NF-κB, COX-2/mPGES-1, and MMPs, increased ( P &lt;0.0001) gelatinolytic activity, reduced ( P &lt;0.0001) collagen content, and increased ( P &lt;0.0001) lipid and oxLDL content. Interestingly, RAGE, COX-2/mPGES-1, and MMP expression was linearly correlated with plasma level of HbA1c. Conclusions— In conclusion, this study demonstrates in humans that RAGE overexpression is associated with enhanced inflammatory reaction and COX-2/mPGES-1 expression in diabetic plaque macrophages, and this effect may contribute to plaque destabilization by inducing culprit metalloproteinase expression.
Depressive Symptoms and Health Costs in Older Medical Patients
Authors: B G Druss, R M Rohrbaugh, R A Rosenheck
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the association between depressive symptoms and health costs for a national Veterans Administration (VA) sample. METHOD: The Rand Depression Index was administered to 1,316 medical or surgical inpatients over the age of 60 at nine VA hospitals. Scores were merged with utilization, demographic, and hospital data from national VA inpatient and outpatient files. RESULTS: Medical costs for respondents with the highest quartile of symptoms were approximately $3,200–or 50%—greater than medical costs for those in the least symptomatic quartile. Depressive symptoms were not associated with any statistically significant mental health expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: The study extends previous reports of the high medical costs associated with depressive disorders to an older, public sector population. The mechanisms underlying increased medical costs associated with depressive symptoms, while the subject of much speculation in the literature, still remain largely unknown. (Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:477–479)
Survival with Three-Times Weekly In-Center Nocturnal Versus Conventional Hemodialysis
Authors: Eduardo Lacson, Jianglin Xu, Rita S. Suri, Gihad Nesrallah, Robert Lindsay, Amit X. Garg, Keith Lester, Norma Ofsthun, Michael Lazarus, Raymond M. Hakim
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Whether the duration of hemodialysis treatments improves outcomes remains controversial. Here, we evaluated survival and clinical changes associated with converting from conventional hemodialysis (mean=3.75 h/treatment) to in-center nocturnal hemodialysis (mean=7.85 h/treatment). All 959 consecutive patients who initiated nocturnal hemodialysis for the first time in 77 Fresenius Medical Care facilities during 2006 and 2007 were eligible. We used Cox models to compare risk for mortality during 2 years of follow-up in a 1:3 propensity score-matched cohort of 746 nocturnal and 2062 control patients on conventional hemodialysis. Two-year mortality was 19% among nocturnal hemodialysis patients compared with 27% among conventional patients. Nocturnal hemodialysis associated with a 25% reduction in the risk for death after adjustment for age, body mass index, and dialysis vintage (hazard ratio=0.75, 95% confidence interval=0.61-0.91, P=0.004). With respect to clinical features, interdialytic weight gain, albumin, hemoglobin, dialysis dose, and calcium increased on nocturnal therapy, whereas postdialysis weight, predialysis systolic blood pressure, ultrafiltration rate, phosphorus, and white blood cell count declined (all P<0.001). In summary, notwithstanding the possibility of residual selection bias, conversion to treatment with nocturnal hemodialysis associates with favorable clinical features, laboratory biomarkers, and improved survival compared with propensity score-matched controls. The potential impact of extended treatment time on clinical outcomes while maintaining a three times per week hemodialysis schedule requires evaluation in future clinical trials.
Mechanism for Selective Synaptic Wiring of Rod Photoreceptors into the Retinal Circuitry and Its Role in Vision
Authors: Yan Cao, Ignacio Sarria, Katherine E. Fehlhaber, Naomi Kamasawa, Cesare Orlandi, Kiely N. James, Jennifer L. Hazen, Matthew R. Gardner, Michael Farzan, Amy Lee, Sheila Baker, Kristin Baldwin, Alapakkam P. Sampath, Kirill A. Martemyanov
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Response to Emotional Expressions in Generalized Social Phobia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Evidence for Separate Disorders
Authors: Karina Blair, Jonathan Shaywitz, Bruce W. Smith, Rebecca Rhodes, Marilla Geraci, Matthew Jones, Daniel McCaffrey, Meena Vythilingam, Elizabeth Finger, Krystal Mondillo, Madeline Jacobs, Dennis S. Charney, R.J.R. Blair, Wayne C. Drevets, Daniel S. Pine
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Objective: Generalized social phobia involves fear/avoidance, specifically of social situations, whereas generalized anxiety disorder involves intrusive worry about diverse circumstances. It remains unclear the degree to which these two, often comorbid, conditions represent distinct disorders or alternative presentations of a single, core underlying pathology. Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed the neural response to facial expressions in generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder. Method: Individuals matched on age, IQ, and gender with generalized social phobia without generalized anxiety disorder (N=17), generalized anxiety disorder (N=17), or no psychopathology (N=17) viewed neutral, fearful, and angry expressions while ostensibly making a simple gender judgment. Results: The patients with generalized social phobia without generalized anxiety disorder showed increased activation to fearful relative to neutral expressions in several regions, including the amygdala, compared to healthy individuals. This increased amygdala response related to self-reported anxiety in patients with generalized social phobia without generalized anxiety disorder. In contrast, patients with generalized anxiety disorder showed significantly less activation to fearful relative to neutral faces compared to the healthy individuals. They did show significantly increased response to angry expressions relative to healthy individuals in a lateral region of the middle frontal gyrus. This increased lateral frontal response related to self-reported anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusions: These results suggest that neural circuitry dysfunctions differ in generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder.