tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Germany says people in areas with bird flu should keep cats indoors
Authors: Katy Duke
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Objective:</h3> This study aimed to describe autonomic dysfunction in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) patients and compare this with Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) patients and healthy controls. <h3>Background:</h3> MSA is a neurodegenerative extrapyramidal syndrome with autonomic dysfunction forming the cornerstone of diagnosis. It is of two sub types, MSA-cerebellar type (MSA-C) and MSA-parkinsonism (MSA-P) type. There is limited data on differences in autonomic features between the two subtypes. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We conducted an observational cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center in India which enrolled forty eight MSA-P, fifty two MSA-C, fifty IPD patients and fifty healthy controls. A self-administered questionnaire (SCOPA-Aut) was filled by participants. All participants underwent cardiovascular autonomic testing including deep breathing tests (change in heart rate, E:I ratio), Valsalva ratio, hand-grip, cold pressor and postural tests (change in systolic blood pressure, 30: 15 ratio). Disease status was assessed by Unified MSA Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating scale part III. <h3>Results:</h3> We studied MSA-P (48 participants; age 63.6 ± 9.7 years; UMSARS 45± 16.5), MSA-C (50 participants; 58 ± 8.1 years; UMSARS 44± 12.8), IPD (50 participants; 57.6±6.7 years) and healthy controls (50 participants; 58±8.0 years). SCOPA-Aut revealed that MSA patients scored poorly versus control in gastrointestinal, urinary, cardiovascular and sexual autonomic domains and from IPD in gastrointestinal, urinary and cardiovascular domains. MSA subtypes did not differ in symptomatology or autonomic function. Between MSA and IPD, change in heart rate on standing and deep breathing, and rise in diastolic blood pressure with cold pressor test were significantly different. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> MSA patients report autonomic dysfunction frequently although the two subtypes do not differ. In gastrointestinal, urinary and cardiovascular domains, these are more severe compared to IPD. Heart rate variability and cold pressor testing distinguishes IPD and MSA. This may enable clinicians to differentiate patients with MSA from IPD. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Garg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Srivastava has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jaryal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pandey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rajagovindan has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biogen. Dr. Rajagovindan holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen. Dr. Pandit has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vibha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shukla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prasad has nothing to disclose.
Chronic pancreatitis as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Authors: R I Hall, M I Lavelle, C W Venables
Journal: Gut (1982)

Chronic pancreatitis is an infrequently considered cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Four cases are described who presented to a surgical unit in a year. One patient bled down the main pancreatic duct from a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm, one had a fatal haemorrhage from a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm which ruptured into the duodenum, and two were considered to have bled from vessels in the stomach or colon which were involved in the peripancreatic inflammatory tissues. The difficulties in diagnosing these patients are described and the report emphasises that the diagnosis should be considered in obscure cases of gastrointestinal bleeding especially where there is a history of alcohol abuse and left upper quadrant or epigastric pain.
Oxyntic endocrine cells of hypergastrinaemic patients. Differential response to antrectomy or octreotide.
Authors: T D'Adda, B Annibale, G Delle Fave, C Bordi
Journal: Gut (1996)

To evaluate the response of endocrine cells of the gastric oxyntic mucosa in hypergastrinaemic patients to either antrectomy or treatment with the somatostatin analogue octreotide.(a) Two patients with enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell carcinoid and chronic atrophic gastritis, treated with antrectomy; (b) four patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, treated with octreotide.Oxyntic endocrine cells were examined by ultrastructural morphometry on full thickness biopsy specimens taken: (a) before and four months after antrectomy, (b) before and after three months' treatment with octreotide 200 micrograms daily.Both treatments induced prompt, significant reduction of gastrinaemia and a significant decrease of the volume density of the whole endocrine cell mass and of the cross sectional area of all nucleated endocrine cell profiles (antrectomy: -38%, p < 0.04 and -31%, p < 0.04, respectively; octreotide: -59%, < 0.007 and -26%, < 0.04, respectively). Assessment of the relative proportion of individual endocrine cell types showed a different response to antrectomy or octreotide. After antrectomy, in fact, only the volume fraction of ECL cells was significantly reduced, from 56.5% to 22.5% (-60%, p < 0.04). After octreotide treatment, in contrast, the proportion of all endocrine cell types remained remarkably constant, showing that all cell types took part in the observed overall decrease.Postantrectomy reduction of oxyntic endocrine cells mostly reflects the withdrawal of the specific trophic stimulus of hypergastrinaemia on ECL cells. In contrast, the inhibitory response to octreotide seems to be exerted on virtually all types of oxyntic endocrine cells, probably reflecting a universal occurrence of somatostatin receptors.
Selective intestinal decontamination (SID) ameliorates the immune and hemodynamic derangement of cirrhotic patients with high levels of lyposyccharide-binding protein (LBP)
Authors: Agustin Albillos, Antonio Hera, Monica Gonzalez, Jose-Luis Moya, Jose-Luis Calleja, Jorge Monserrat, Eduardo Ruiz-Del-Albeniz, Luis Ruiz-Del-Arbol, Melchor Alvarez-Mon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
<i>Streptococcus bovis</i> septic shock due to contaminated transfused platelets
Authors: Andrew H. Chang, Carl M. Kirsch, Niloufar Mobashery, Nancy Johnson, Lee J. Levitt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Although most physicians and the public are primarily concerned about the risk of transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis virus during a platelet transfusion, bacterial contamination is actually the most common infectious complication. Unlike red blood cells, platelets are stored at room temperature (20–24°C), which raises the risk of bacterial proliferation. The risk of bacterial sepsis is 2.5‐fold higher for each unit of transfused platelets compared to each unit of red blood cells. We report an unusual case of Streptococcus bovis septic shock associated with a contaminated platelet transfusion. Am. J. Hematol. 77:282–286, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelet-derived growth factor mediates survival of leukemic large granular lymphocytes via an autocrine regulatory pathway
Authors: Jun Yang, Xin Liu, Susan B. Nyland, Ranran Zhang, Lindsay K. Ryland, Kathleen Broeg, Kendall Thomas Baab, Nancy Ruth Jarbadan, Rosalyn Irby, Thomas P. Loughran
Journal: Blood (2009)
Effect of Copper-containing Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices on Human Cells in Culture
Authors: R. W. Jones, N. M. Gregson, M. Elstein
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Intrauterine devices containing copper were introduced into cultures of adult and fetal cells. The Dalkon shield had no apparent effect on cell growth. The Gravigard device caused inhibition of growth and an increase in copper concentration in the supranatant medium. When the latter device was transferred through a series of subcultures the rate of release of copper decreased and growth was no longer inhibited.
Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Genetics, Screening and Management
Authors: S M Huson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Referrals of individuals worried about their family history of cancer now make up about half the workload of regional genetic departments. I was therefore delighted to receive a copy of this book for review. The pleasure was shared by other members of the cancer genetics team who found it immediately useful, thus delaying my critique. The book has its origins in a European Union funded demonstration project entitled 'familial breast cancer: audit of a new development in medical practice in European centres', and the editors represent three of the eleven centres involved. Not all the seventeen chapters are written by people in the EU project; the discussion of how cancer genetics can help in patient care includes contributions from centres the world over.

The book is divided into three sections—molecular biology and natural history; screening; and management. Every aspect relevant to the management of individuals in families with breast and/or ovarian cancer is addressed, and the usefulness of the text is such that I found myself reading it from cover to cover. No chapter is weak; and, for me, the ones that stood out as particularly helpful were the six in the screening section and that on the ethical, social and insurance issues of breast cancer genetics. The only negative point, when reading the book as I did, was that some of the ground is covered repeatedly. However, if the book is used as a reference source—for dipping into specific sections— this can be a strength rather than a weakness.

Who should buy the book? I recommend it to all clinical geneticists working in cancer genetics, to breast surgeons and gynaecologists who deal with these cancers, and to radiologists involved in screening programmes. It provides an excellent review of the state of the art, with all the relevant references. The last two chapters give a taste of what may happen in the future, in terms of gene therapy and further developments in genetics and screening. New surveillance techniques and therapeutic measures, as they emerge, will need to be evaluated in large cohorts of affected and at-risk individuals. The only way this will be achieved is by multicentre collaborations; to this end, the European Biomed 2 group has now evolved into the International Collaborative Group—Familial Breast Ovarian Cancer (IVG-FBOC).
Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia associated with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: C L Wolfe, C Nibley, A Bhandari, K Chatterjee, M Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND During a 2.9-year period, 11 patients developed polymorphous ventricular tachycardia 1-13 days after acute anterior (seven patients) or inferior (four patients) myocardial infarction. None of the 11 patients had sinus bradycardia (mean heart rate, 90 +/- 23 beats/min), but three had a sinus pause immediately before the onset of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. In all 11 patients, the QT interval and corrected QT interval (QTc) were normal or minimally prolonged (QT, 385 +/- 34 msec; QTc, 442 +/- 40 msec). None had significant hypokalemia (mean serum potassium concentration, 4.3 +/- 0.5 meq/l) or a grossly abnormal serum magnesium or calcium concentration (2.1 +/- 0.4 and 8.9 +/- 0.7 mg/dl, respectively). METHODS AND RESULTS Immediately before the onset of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia, symptoms and/or electrocardiographic changes consistent with recurrent myocardial ischemia occurred in nine of 11 patients. One patient died before drug therapy could be initiated. Lidocaine was used in 10 patients and proved to be effective in only one. Intravenous procainamide was used in six patients: one improved, and five had recurrence of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. Bretylium was used in five patients and was ineffective in all cases. Overdrive pacing was used in four patients and failed to suppress recurrent arrhythmias in all cases. Four patients with persistent polymorphous ventricular tachycardia unresponsive to lidocaine, procainamide, or bretylium responded to intravenous amiodarone. One patient with polymorphous ventricular tachycardia that was consistently preceded by ST segment elevation responded to intravenous nitroglycerin. Two patients with persistent polymorphous ventricular tachycardia and obvious recurrent ischemia unresponsive to pharmacological intervention responded to emergency coronary revascularization. A third patient who experienced recurrent angina and polymorphous tachycardia was initially stabilized with pharmacological therapy but subsequently underwent elective revascularization and has remained stable without antiarrhythmic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Post-myocardial infarction polymorphous ventricular tachycardia is not consistently related to an abnormally long QT interval, sinus bradycardia, preceding sinus pauses, or electrolyte abnormalities. This arrhythmia has a variable response to class I antiarrhythmics but may be suppressed by intravenous amiodarone therapy. It is often associated with signs or symptoms of recurrent myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, coronary revascularization appears to be effective in preventing the recurrence of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia when associated with recurrent postinfarction angina.
American Midwives 1860 to the Present (Contributions in Medical History, No. 1)
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

After establishing that before 1900 the terms "midwifery" and "obstetrics" were used interchangeably, the author, by curious logic, equates the midwife with the obstetrician. She devotes numerous pages to diatribes against the professional, social, legal, and economic discrimination practiced against midwives in the United States, such as, "The average fee of the midwife in 1913 was $8 while the physician charged $15 to $25!" This exercise in militant feminism confuses the role in society of the well-trained nurse-midwife of today with the Sarah Gamps and the American granny-midwives of the past. It is a pity that the author's historical comments ignore the great obstetric advances made by such famous midwives as Louise Bourgeois, Mme La Chapelle, and Mary Donnaly, for whom the medical profession has the highest respect. The bibliography is impressively extensive, but many of the selfserving quotations or interpretations give a false impression. In the statement, out of
Drug industry must be regulated more tightly in recession, says think tank
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Tighter curbs are needed on the influence of the UK drug industry on doctors and patient groups, particularly during a recession, says a report from the left wing think tank Compass. 

With fewer opportunities to make profits from existing bestselling drugs, many of which come off patent between now and 2011, companies are likely to “squeeze more from less” through increasingly dubious methods, say the authors.

Drug companies exert too much influence over prescribing practice, which can unnecessarily raise costs for the NHS and raise risks for patients, they say, pointing out that the drug …
THE RÔLE OF PARENTAL NUTRITION IN THE CAUSATION OF RICKETS
Authors: ALBERT H. BYFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The renewed interest in the solution of the rickets problem is evidenced by numerous publications dealing with the subject from an experimental as well as from a clinical and social-hygienic standpoint. In the main, these communications have tended to verify the older ideas of the causation and treatment of rickets. The role of calcium, phosphates and cod liver oil has again been studied through animal feeding experiments, although little that is fundamentally new has been added to our knowledge. Instead of the old term, bad hygienic surroundings, we now think more specifically of lack of sunlight.  Not much light has been thrown on the question of the influence of heredity, using this term in a loose sense. While we are not even yet in possession of definite knowledge as to the exact parts played by calcium, phosphorus and possible antirachitic vitamins, we do know that their absence from the diet,
The Vanderbilt Method for Resolving Unprofessional Behavior
Authors: Denise M. Dupras, Randall S. Edson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

LettersNovember 18, 2008The Vanderbilt Method for Resolving Unprofessional BehaviorDenise M. Dupras, MD, PhD and Randall S. Edson, MDDenise M. Dupras, MD, PhDFrom the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.Search for more papers by this author and Randall S. Edson, MDFrom the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-10-200811180-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with great interest the article by Papadakis and colleagues (1) on the relationship between performance during internal medicine training and subsequent disciplinary action by state licensing boards. We were particularly interested in the relationship between poor ratings on professionalism by program directors and subsequent disciplinary action.The decision of a program director to give a particular rating on any dimension of the American Board of Internal Medicine Resident's Evaluation Summary is clearly influenced by many sources of data. With regard to professionalism, this should include input from patients, peers, allied health colleagues, and other members ...References1. Papadakis MA, Arnold GK, Blank LL, Holmboe ES, and Lipner RS. Performance during internal medicine residency training and subsequent disciplinary action by state licensing boards. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:869-76 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hickson GB, Pichert JW, Webb LE, Gabbe SG. A complementary approach to promoting professionalism: identifying, measuring, and addressing unprofessional behaviors. Acad Med. 2007;82:1040-8. [PMID: 17971689] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPerformance during Internal Medicine Residency Training and Subsequent Disciplinary Action by State Licensing Boards Maxine A. Papadakis , Gerald K. Arnold , Linda L. Blank , Eric S. Holmboe , and Rebecca S. Lipner Metrics November 18, 2008Volume 149, Issue 10Page: 775-776KeywordsAllied health care professionalsBehaviorInformation storage and retrievalMedical educationPatientsResidency ePublished: 18 November 2008 Issue Published: November 18, 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cerebral Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in Second Year of Trials
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A TECHNIQUE for treating cerebrovascular atherosclerosis that usually takes at most 1 hour to perform and costs about one third the price of conventional surgery is in its second year of clinical trials and looks very promising, according to an investigator who spoke at the Second World Congress of Stroke, held in Washington, DC.  Randall T. Higashida, MD, associate professor of radiology and neurological surgery, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Medical Center, says the technique, called cerebral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, has been used successfully in 127 patients during the past year and has had a complication rate of 6%.  The patients ranged from 35 to 80 years of age; two thirds were women and one third men. All were symptomatic, having suffered transient ischemic attacks or stroke, and had high-grade stenosis of greater than 70%. None was considered a good candidate for carotid endarterectomy.  The reported
Making Patient Safety the Centerpiece of Medical Liability Reform
Authors: Hillary Rodham Clinton, Barack Obama
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Richard Boothman on a medical-error disclosure program in Michigan. (08:28)Download We have visited doctors and hospitals throughout the country and heard firsthand from those who face ever-escalating insurance costs. Indeed, in some specialties, high premiums are forcing physicians to give up performing certain high-risk procedures, leaving patients without access to a full range of medical services. But we have also talked with families who have experienced errors in their care, and it has become clear to us that if we are to find a fair and equitable solution to this complex problem, all parties — physicians, hospitals, insurers, and patients — must work together. Instead of focusing on the few . . .
Passage of particles through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Gerhard Volkheimer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

In the normal process of digestion, not only substances in solution are absorbed. Solid, undissolved particles in macrocorpuscular form, are "kneaded" into the mucosa during their passage through the digestive tract. These particles in the micrometer size range pass between the epithelial cells into the subepithelial layer. From here they are transmitted both by the lymph vessels and by the mesenteric veins into the circulation, where they remain for a considerable time. This phenomenon, termed persorption, was investigated in detail.
Canada may be forced to allow direct to consumer advertising
Authors: Alan Cassels
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Canadian government will respond this week to a lawsuit brought by one of the country's biggest media companies. The company is claiming that it should have the right to carry drug advertisements that are aimed directly at consumers.

CanWest Global Communications, which owns most of Canada's major daily newspapers, a major television channel, and cable TV channels, launched a court case last …
Long-term Mortality Risk After Hyperglycemic Crisis Episodes in Geriatric Patients With Diabetes: A National Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chien-Cheng Huang, Shih-Feng Weng, Kang-Ting Tsai, Ping-Jen Chen, Hung-Jung Lin, Jhi-Joung Wang, Shih-Bin Su, Willy Chou, How-Ran Guo, Chien-Chin Hsu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemic crisis is one of the most serious diabetes-related complications. The increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the geriatric population leads to a large disease burden, but previous studies of geriatric hyperglycemic crisis were focused on acute hyperglycemic crisis episode (HCE). This study aimed to delineate the long-term mortality risk after HCE. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective national population-based cohort study reviewed, in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, data from 13,551 geriatric patients with new-onset diabetes between 2000 and 2002, including 4,517 with HCE (case subjects) (ICD-9 code 250.1 or 250.2) and 9,034 without HCE (control subjects). The groups were compared and followed until 2011. RESULTS One thousand six hundred thirty-four (36.17%) case and 1,692 (18.73%) control subjects died (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) during follow-up. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of death were 2.82 times higher in case subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The mortality risk was highest in the first month (IRR 26.56; 95% CI 17.97–39.27) and remained higher until 4–6 years after the HCE (IRR 1.49; 95% CI 1.23–1.81). After adjustment for age, sex, selected comorbidities, and monthly income, the mortality hazard ratio was still 2.848 and 4.525 times higher in case subjects with one episode and two or more episodes of hyperglycemic crisis, respectively. Older age, male sex, renal disease, stroke, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure were independent mortality predictors. CONCLUSIONS Patients with diabetes had a higher mortality risk after HCE during the first 6 years of follow-up. Referral for proper education, better access to medical care, effective communication with a health care provider, and control of comorbidities should be done immediately after HCE.