tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Etiology of Seasickness.
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Burlington, Iowa, March 13, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Under the above title I notice in theJournalof March 11, the exploitation of another theory for this most distressing malady. It is perhaps needless to say that, like others, it is an explanation that does not explain, otherwise, one who should have the sickness once, should have it every time there was provocation; and prevention and cure would be out of the question. I shall not attempt to offer an explanation, but as this seems to be a subject for periodic discussion, I would like to offer some suggestions gathered from observations I made upon myself. For the convenience of a few of my personal friends, who, contemplating a sea voyage, have asked my advice, I have put these suggestions into the following rules, which I have called "Rules for the Prevention and Cure of Seasickness:" <h3>Rule 1.</h3> —Stay on
Extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is required in the bone marrow microenvironment primed for hematopoietic regeneration
Authors: Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu, Yuji Okuno, Yoshiki Omatsu, Keisuke Okabe, Junko Morimoto, Toshimitsu Uede, Takashi Nagasawa, Toshio Suda, Yoshiaki Kubota
Journal: Blood (2012)
Genome-wide analysis of mouse transcripts using exon microarrays and factor graphs
Authors: Brendan J Frey, Naveed Mohammad, Quaid D Morris, Wen Zhang, Mark D Robinson, Sanie Mnaimneh, Richard Chang, Qun Pan, Eric Sat, Janet Rossant, Benoit G Bruneau, Jane E Aubin, Benjamin J Blencowe, Timothy R Hughes
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Postzygotic HRAS and KRAS mutations cause nevus sebaceous and Schimmelpenning syndrome
Authors: Leopold Groesser, Eva Herschberger, Arno Ruetten, Claudia Ruivenkamp, Enrico Lopriore, Markus Zutt, Thomas Langmann, Sebastian Singer, Laura Klingseisen, Wulf Schneider-Brachert, Agusti Toll, Francisco X Real, Michael Landthaler, Christian Hafner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
The Relationship Between Coronary Plaque Characteristics and Small Embolic Particles During Coronary Stent Implantation
Authors: Takahiro Kawamoto, Hiroyuki Okura, Yuji Koyama, Iku Toda, Haruyuki Taguchi, Koichi Tamita, Atsushi Yamamuro, Yuki Yoshimura, Yoji Neishi, Eiji Toyota, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
809-4 Impact of diabetes on 12-month outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Results from the routine versus selective exercise treadmill testing after coronary artery bypass grafting (ROSETTA-CABG) registry
Authors: Melissa Gitman, Karen Okrainec, Hiep Nguyen, Robert Duerr, Michael Del Core, Dominique Fourchy, Thao Huynh, Ellis Lader, Felix J Rogers, M.Rashid Chaudry, Louise Pilote, Mark J Eisenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The psychological impact of alopecia
Authors: Nigel Hunt, Sue McHale
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent studies have suggested that opium use may increase mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, no comprehensive study of opium use and mortality from respiratory diseases has been published. We aimed to study the association between opium use and mortality from respiratory disease using prospectively collected data. <h3>Methods</h3> We used data from the Golestan Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study in northeastern Iran, with detailed, validated data on opium use and several other exposures. A total of 50 045 adults were enrolled from 2004 to 2008, and followed annually until June 2015, with a follow-up success rate of 99%. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to evaluate the association between opium use and outcomes of interest. <h3>Results</h3> During the follow-up period, 331 deaths from respiratory disease were reported (85 due to respiratory malignancies and 246 due to non-malignant aetiologies). Opium use was associated with an increased risk of death from any respiratory disease (adjusted HR 95% CI 3.13 (2.42 to 4.04)). The association was dose-dependent with a HR of 3.84 (2.61 to 5.67) for the highest quintile of cumulative opium use versus never use (P<sub>trend</sub>&lt;0.001). The HRs (95% CI) for the associations between opium use and malignant and non-malignant causes of respiratory mortality were 1.96 (1.18 to 3.25) and 3.71 (2.76 to 4.96), respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Long-term opium use is associated with increased mortality from both malignant and non-malignant respiratory diseases.
Platelet Utilization in a University Hospital
Authors: Jeffrey McCullough, Theresa A. Steeper, Donald P. Connelly, Brooks Jackson, Sally Huntington, Edward P. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Two hundred forty-three patients received 22 717 U of platelets in our hospital during a three-month period. Those with hematologic diseases accounted for 43% of the patients but used 86% of the platelets. Sixty-eight percent of the transfusions were given to prevent bleeding and 32% were given to treat active bleeding. Ninety-two percent of therapeutic transfusions but only 22% of prophylactic transfusions met guidelines established by the Transfusion Therapeutics Committee of the University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinics, Minneapolis. However, 78% of prophylactic platelet transfusions that did not meet the guidelines involved patients with at least one clinical factor that their physicians believed placed them at an increased risk of bleeding. Following this analysis, the guidelines were modified and applied prospectively to requests for platelets. This resulted in a 14% decrease in the number of platelet units used during the following year. We conclude that published recommendations for platelet transfusions do not reflect the complex nature of many patients' conditions and that the use of guidelines developed by the medical staff can alter the use of platelet transfusions. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2414-2418)
Amino Acid Control of Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Release: Physiological and Clinical Implications
Authors: Hendrik Lehnert, Richard J. Wurtma
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Brain catecholamine and serotonin neurons are intimately involved in a number of physiological functions such as cardiovascular regulation, neuroendocrine secretion, regulation of behavior, mood and appetite control. The synthesis and release of these neurotransmitters appear to be remarkably correlated with the subsequent physiological changes observed. While there are numerous pharmacological approaches that affect the neurotransmitters involved (i.e., the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline as well as the indoleamine serotonin), one particularly attractive (while specific) approach involves the administration of a precursor amino acid. It is thus a prerequisite for the physiological and possibly therapeutic properties of the precursor amino acids l-tyrosine and l-tryptophan that they affect synthesis and release of their transmitter product. We will describe in detail the nature of the different neurochemical mechanisms guiding transmitter synthesis and their dependent physiological responses, in particular appetite control and neuroendocrine regulation.
Greater equality and better health
Authors: K. E Pickett, R. G Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Objectives  This study aimed to evaluate different patient global assessment (PGA) cut-offs required in the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Boolean remission definition for their utility in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).  Methods  We used data from six randomised controlled trials in early and established RA. We increased the threshold for the 0–10 score for PGA gradually from 1 to 3 in steps of 0.5 (Boolean1.5 to Boolean3.0) and omitted PGA completely (BooleanX) at 6 and 12 months. Agreement with the index-based (Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI)) remission definition was analysed using kappa, recursive partitioning (classification and regression tree (CART)) and receiver operating characteristics. The impact of achieving each definition on functional and radiographic outcomes after 1 year was explored.  Results  Data from 1680 patients with early RA and 920 patients with established RA were included. The proportion of patients achieving Boolean remission increased with higher thresholds for PGA from 12.4% to 19.7% in early and 5.9% to 12.3% in established RA at 6 months. Best agreement with SDAI remission occurred at PGA cut-offs of 1.5 and 2.0, while agreement decreased with higher PGA (CART: optimal agreement at PGA≤1.6 cm; sensitivity of PGA≤1.5 95%). Changing PGA thresholds at 6 months did not affect radiographic progression at 12 months (mean ꙙsmTSS for Boolean, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, BooleanX: 0.35±5.4, 0.38±5.14, 0.41±5.1, 0.37±4.9, 0.34±4.9, 0.27±4.7). However, the proportion attaining HAQ≤0.5 was 90.2%, 87.9%, 85.2%, 81.1%, 80.7% and 73.1% for the respective Boolean definitions.  Conclusion  Increasing the PGA cut-off to 1.5 cm would provide high consistency between Boolean with the index-based remission; the integer cut-off of 2.0 cm performed similarly.
The Social Mission of Medical Education
Authors: Gregg S. Meyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters5 October 2010The Social Mission of Medical EducationGregg S. Meyer, MD, MScGregg S. Meyer, MD, MScFrom Center for Quality and Safety, Massachusetts General Hospital and Massachusetts General Physicians Organization, Boston, MA 02114.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Mullan and colleagues' article (1) on the social mission of medical education is a provocative one. In other areas of health care, the creation of league tables, even when the underlying measurement is inaccurate, leads to greater attention to the subject being measured. This surely was the case with this article.Unfortunately, the authors did get it very wrong in the case of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), which was characterized as being among the 20 lowest social mission scores. That conclusion obviously ignores the reality of that unique school. Among the school's ...Reference1. Mullan F, Chen C, Petterson S, Kolsky G, Spagnola M. The social mission of medical education: ranking the schools. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:804-11. [PMID: 20547907] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Center for Quality and Safety, Massachusetts General Hospital and Massachusetts General Physicians Organization, Boston, MA 02114.Disclosures: Dr. Meyer is a former Colonel in the U.S. Air Force Medical Corps and continues to serve as adjunct faculty at the USUHS. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Social Mission of Medical Education: Ranking the Schools Fitzhugh Mullan , Candice Chen , Stephen Petterson , Gretchen Kolsky , and Michael Spagnola The Social Mission of Medical Education Norman H. Edelman The Social Mission of Medical Education Pojen Deng The Social Mission of Medical Education Fitzhugh Mullan and Candice Chen The Social Mission of Medical Education Eric A. Mellon The Social Mission of Medical Education Scott Barnhart and James LoGerfo The Social Mission of Medical Education Martin Donohoe The Social Mission of Medical Education John A. Brockman , Matthew J. Stull , and Elizabeth Wiley Metrics 5 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 7Page: 485-486KeywordsConflicts of interestGraduate medical educationHealth careMedical education ePublished: 5 October 2010 Issue Published: 5 October 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Carcinogenicity Testing of Drugs
Authors: David P. Rall
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  I agree with John C. Ballin, MD (242:26, 1979), that the results of studies in which large doses are given to animals for a lifetime do not necessarily mean that  drugs or chemicals are carcinogenic in man when taken according to label directions. But the studies do not necessarily mean that such drugs or chemicals are not carcinogenic when given in therapeutic doses.  The purpose of the studies at the National Cancer Institute (as part of the National Toxicology Program) is to detect chemicals that are capable of producing cancer. To this end we use the maximum dose of the test chemical, a dose that does not interfere with normal growth and function. If no cancers are produced, we can feel comfortable that the substance is not likely to be carcinogenic. If cancers are produced, we must assume that some qualitative risk exists for humans. Unfortunately,
Culprit lesion morphology and stenosis severity in the prediction of reocclusion after coronary thrombolysis: Angiographic results of the APRICOT study
Authors: Gerrit Veen, Albert Meyer, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Christ J.P.J. Werter, Hans de Swart, Kong I. Lie, Joop M.J. van der Pol, H.Rolf Michels, Machiel J. van Eenige
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Bronchography without Cocaine
Authors: E. C. O. Jewesbury
Journal: BMJ (1939)

CLAVICLE TMIE BrJ'OTNSHthe inner ends of their clavicles, in the form of general enlargement, exostoses, or roughening.The 1,200 controls represented examples of all degrees of mental defect.Thirty-nine of the 600 males and twenty-six of the 600 females examined have marked clavicular enlargement similar to that observed in the cases of congenital syphilis.No obvious relation between the hand used and the enlarged clavicle was found to exist in either the patients with congenital syphilis or the control group-in fact, in the small majority of cases the larger clavicle was on the left side, though most used their right hands by preference.We were unable to find a single case of congenital syphilis with a gross enlargement on the one side that was not accompanied by some degree of deformity on the other.Results Possible explanations for the difference in our results from those recorded by Higoumenakis and others are:
Increased arterial pressure variability after arterial baroreceptor denervation in fetal lambs.
Authors: R W Yardley, G Bowes, M Wilkinson, J P Cannata, J E Maloney, B C Ritchie, A M Walker
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Baroreceptor reflexes can be demonstrated during fetal life, but whether baroreceptors normally regulate fetal arterial pressure is unknown. This problem was addressed directly by measuring arterial pressure and analyzing its variation in eight unanesthetized fetal lambs throughout the last third of gestation, and comparing these data with similar measurements made in seven fetal lambs with denervated arterial baroreceptors. Measurements were made at 5-minute intervals over 24 hours in a total of thirty-three experiments. The coefficient of variation of mean arterial pressure (standard deviation of mean arterial pressure/mean value of mean arterial pressure) expressed as a percentage was used as an index of blood pressure variability. Coefficients averaged 7.0% in intact lambs and 12.1% in barodenervated lambs (P less than 0.001), signifying considerably increased variability of mean arterial pressure after barodenervation. Mean arterial pressure averaged over 24 hours was not different between the two groups prior to 120 days (0.8) of gestation. Between 120 days and term, mean pressure was significantly greater in the denervated fetuses (65 cm H2O) than in the sham-operated controls (60 cm H2O, P less than 0.025). These data demonstrate that a baroreceptor-blood pressure reflex functions during late gestational development in lambs and signify an important role of arterial baroreceptors in regulating fetal arterial pressure. Failure to regulate arterial pressure in the barodenervated fetus could result in significant alterations in placental perfusion and exchange, and in the regional delivery of oxygen and substrates to developing organs in these animals.
Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever
Authors: Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Although advances in public health and hygiene have led to the virtual disappearance of enteric fever (more commonly termed typhoid fever) from much of the developed world, the disease remains endemic in many developing countries.Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S typhi), a Gram negative bacterium.A similar but often less severe disease is caused by S paratyphi A and, less commonly, by S paratyphi B (Schotmulleri) and S paratyphi C (Hirschfeldii).The common mode of infection is by ingestion of an infecting dose of the organism, usually through contaminated water or food.Although the source of infection may vary, person to person transmission through poor hygiene and sewage contamination of water supply are the most important.
Oxygen Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: ROBERT B. BRESSLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1981Oxygen Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Lung DiseaseROBERT B. BRESSLER, M.D., ROBERT J. AWE, M.D.ROBERT B. BRESSLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT J. AWE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-410_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor, The information obtained from the Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial (1) does indeed seem to indicate that continuous oxygen therapy is associated with a lower mortality than nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease. As stated by the authors, however, the reason for this difference is not clear. Further analysis of the data on pulmonary hemodynamics is needed, particularly pulmonary vascular resistance. The 11% decline in pulmonary vascular resistance in patients in continuous oxygen therapy is consistent with animal studies showing that continuous but not intermittent normoxemia may reverse anatomic evidence of pulmonary hypertension (1, 2)....References1. . Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:391-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KAY J. Effect of continuous and intermittent normoxia on chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertropy, and polycythemia in rats. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980;121:993-1001. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jefferson Davis Hospital Houston, TX 77019 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBurden and Characteristics of Severe Chronic Hypoxemia in a Real-World Cohort of Subjects with COPD 1 March 1981Volume 94, Issue 3Page: 401-401KeywordsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseHemodynamicsLungsMortalityOxygenPulmonary hypertensionPulmonary vascular resistance Issue Published: 1 March 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
The SOD2 C47T polymorphism influences NAFLD fibrosis severity: Evidence from case-control and intra-familial allele association studies
Authors: Ahmad Al-Serri, Quentin M. Anstee, Luca Valenti, Valerio Nobili, Julian B.S. Leathart, Paola Dongiovanni, Julia Patch, Anna Fracanzani, Silvia Fargion, Christopher P. Day, Ann K. Daly
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Effects of induction and age-dependent enzyme expression on lung bioavailability, metabolism, and DNA binding of urban air particulate-absorbed benzo[a]pyrene, 2-nitrofluorene, and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyridol-(4,3)-indole.
Authors: J P Gøtze, P Lindeskog, C S Törnquist
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The effect of interactions between urban air particulates (UAP) and carcinogens on bioavailability, metabolism, and DNA binding was studied in the isolated perfused and ventilated rat lung. The availability of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) varied from 29 to 60% after intratracheal doses of carcinogen particulates dissolving extremely slow and fast, respectively. Several cytochrome P450 enzyme (P450) inducers acting as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo[p]dioxin-receptor ligands have been identified in UAP extracts. beta-Naphthoflavone (BNF) was used to study how P450 induction alters the lung metabolism of carcinogens. Pretreatment increased the lung clearance for B[a]P 8-fold and for 2-nitrofluorene (2NF) by a factor of four from 0.55 +/- 0.06 ml/min to 2.37 +/- 0.62 ml/min. Studies with the intact lung and with isolated lung cells show that carcinogen metabolism and pharmacokinetics depend both on the route of exposure and dosage and on the distribution of specific enzymes. A cytochrome P450IIB1 enzyme was detected in lung epithelial cells where it catalyzes 9-hydroxylation of 2NF. This rat lung 2NF-9-hydroxylation capacity increases in parallel with the age dependent up-regulation of lung P450IIB1 expression. Both human and rat lung tissue have the capacity to form 9-hydroxy-2-nitrofluorene (9-OH-2NF) that is mutagenic. A BNF-inducible P450IA1 was detected in endothelial and alveolar type II cells. Consequently, aromatic hydroxylation dominated when 2NF was dosed directly into the lung circulation. Pretreatment of rats with BNF before intratracheal B[a]P dosage induced lung cytochrome P450IA1. The 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxybenzo[a]pyrene-deoxyguanosine adduct and the total lung DNA adduct levels increased significantly from a peak level of 75 +/- 8 to 151 +/- 19 fmole/mg DNA in lungs from control and BNF pretreated rats, respectively. 3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyridol-(4,3)-indole (TRP-P1) is a potent mutagen and carcinogen identified in UAP extracts. Dietary BNF pretreatment of rats altered the [14C]TRP-P1 distribution as analyzed by whole-body autoradiography. An enhanced retention was observed in the small intestine, forestomach, esophagus, and lung. UAP catalyzes oxygen radical formation and deoxyguanosine-8-hydroxylation, which were inhibited when the UAP samples were extracted with organic solvents or when they were incubated in the presence of desferroxamine. We therefore postulate that a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon autooxidation pathway may be responsible for generation of hydrogen peroxide, which may be further converted to hydroxyl radicals through an iron-dependent reaction.
The proline-rich sequence of CD3ε controls T cell antigen receptor expression on and signaling potency in preselection CD4+CD8+ thymocytes
Authors: Michaël Mingueneau, Amandine Sansoni, Claude Grégoire, Romain Roncagalli, Enrique Aguado, Arthur Weiss, Marie Malissen, Bernard Malissen
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Evalution of Home Nurse Attachment in Bristol
Authors: A. J. Rowland, P. N. Dixon, B. Holliger
Journal: BMJ (1970)

By the end of June 1969 home nurses in Bristol were attached to 18 general practices caring for about 137,000 patients, or about one-third of the city's population. Attachment was associated with an increase by about one-third in the number of patients referred by general practitioners for home nursing. Additional benefits derived from attachment during the nine months from January to September 1969 were 2,047 items of service performed by nurses in general practitioners' surgeries, 65 home visits to patients who were not receiving domiciliary nursing care, improved communications between general practitioners and nurses, and opportunities for both doctors and nurses to widen their fields of work. The travelling expenses paid to Bristol's nurses increased by 9.5%.It is suggested that the benefits to patients, doctors, and nurses of attachment far outweigh the costs and that there is scope for extending the role of the attached nurse in the surgery and in home visiting.