tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Adnan S. Dajani
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The Jones Criteria for guidance in the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever were first published by T. Duckett Jones, MD, in 1944 and have been revised over the years by the American Heart Association. The current guidelines are an update of these criteria. For the first time, the guidelines are designed to establish the initial attack of acute rheumatic fever. Major manifestations, minor manifestations, and supporting evidence of antecedent group A streptococcal infection are discussed. These updated guidelines expand on the available tools to diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis and clarify the available antibody tests for detecting antecedent group A streptococcal infection. At the present time echocardiography without accompanying auscultatory findings is insufficient to be the sole criterion for valvulitis in acute rheumatic fever. Finally, this article addresses overdiagnosis of rheumatic fever and lists exceptions to the Jones Criteria, including recurrent attacks in individuals with a history of rheumatic fever.  (JAMA. 1992;268:2069-2073)
ATP-dependent taurocholate transport by rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles*1, *2
Authors: Y ADACHI
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We conducted an experimental study to examine the possibility that ATP is involved in the mechanism by which bile acids are excreted through the liver canalicular membrane in opposing the concentration gradient. Canalicular membrane vesicles were purified from the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the uptake of tritiated sodium taurocholate into canalicular membrane vesicles was determined by rapid filtration technique. Vesicle-associated sodium taurocholate was increased in the presence of ATP and ATP-regenerating system. This was also observed at a voltage-clamped condition. ATP-dependent uptake into the osmotically reactive intravesicular space was saturated with increasing concentrations of sodium taurocholate (Km = 47 mumol/L, Vmax = 270 pmoles/mg protein.20s). ATP-dependent uptake increased to the point of saturation when the sodium taurocholate concentration was 50 mumol/L and the ATP concentration was increased from 0 to 1 mmol/L (Km = 64 mumol/L). Among the several nucleotides used, ATP was a potent stimulator of transport, whereas a nonhydrolyzable analogue (i.e., adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imino]triphosphate) showed no effect. In addition, ATP-dependent transport was inhibited by vanadate in a dose-dependent manner. From these results it was concluded that the primary active transport of sodium taurocholate is present in hepatocellular canalicular membranes. This transport is directly dependent on ATP, and hydrolysis of gamma-phosphate of ATP is required.
Copy number variation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mathias Toft, Owen A Ross
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

A central theme of human genetic studies is to understand genomic variation and how this underlies the inherited basis of disease. Genomic variation can provide increased biological understanding of disease processes, which is necessary to develop future treatments. Recent technological advances have highlighted the role of copy number variants in normal and pathological phenotypic expression. These applications have been used in studies of Parkinson's disease, a common, late-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. At present the main therapeutic approach is administration of symptom-alleviating drugs, which neither reverses the disease process nor halts its progression. However, the generation of in vivo model systems and development of novel disease intervention strategies for Parkinson's disease have come from research on monogenic forms of the disorder, including those caused by copy number variants. Here, we review the role of copy number variants and the mechanistic insights they have provided on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Engraftment of Genetically Engineered Amniotic Epithelial Cells Corrects Lysosomal Storage in Multiple Areas of the Brain in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII Mice
Authors: Motomichi Kosuga, Kyoko Sasaki, Akiko Tanabe, Xiao-Kang Li, Hidenori Okawa, Ikuko Ogino, Osamu Okuda, Hajime Arai, Norio Sakuragawa, Yuko Kamata, Noriyuki Azuma, Seiichi Suzuki, Masao Yamada, Torayuki Okuyama
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Cell-mediated gene therapy for visceral lesions of lysosomal storage diseases is promising; however, the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) lesions remains a challenge. In this study, we generated rat amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) that overexpress and secrete human β-glucuronidase (GUSB) following transduction with an adenoviral vector encoding human GUSB. The AEC were used as donor cells for cell-mediated gene therapy of CNS lesions in mice with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPSVII), a lysosomal storage disorder caused by an inherited deficiency of GUSB activity. After confirmation that the secreted GUSB was taken up mainly via mannose 6-phosphate receptors in primary cultured neurons, the AEC were transplanted into the brains of adult MPSVII mice. Histochemical analysis showed extensive GUSB activity throughout the ipsilateral hemisphere of the recipient brains, and pathological improvement of the lysosomal storage was observed even in regions far from the site of injection. These results suggest that intracerebral transplantation of genetically engineered AEC has therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS lesions in lysosomal storage disorders.
Prevalence and severity of paravalvular regurgitation in the Artificial Valve Endocarditis Reduction Trial (AVERT) echocardiography study
Authors: Victor G. Dávila-Román, Alan D. Waggoner, Elizabeth D. Kennard, Richard Holubkov, W.R.Eric Jamieson, Lars Englberger, Thierry P. Carrel, Hartzell V. Schaff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Decrease in sick leave among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the first 12 months after start of treatment with tumour necrosis factor antagonists: a population-based controlled cohort study
Authors: Tor Olofsson, Martin Englund, Tore Saxne, Anna Jöud, Lennart T H Jacobsson, Pierre Geborek, Saralynn Allaire, Ingemar F Petersson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objective To investigate the effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on sick leave (SL) and disability pension (DP) in a population-based setting in southern Sweden. Methods All patients with RA in the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group register living in the county of Skåne (population 1.2 million), who started their first treatment with a TNF antagonist between January 2004 and December 2007 and were 18–58 years at treatment start (n=365), were identified. For each patient with RA, four matched reference subjects from the general population were randomly selected. Data were linked to the Swedish Social Insurance Agency register and the point prevalence of SL and DP as well as days of SL and DP per month were calculated from 360 days before until 360 days after treatment start. Results At treatment start 38.6% of the patients with RA were registered for SL. During the first 6 months this share dropped to 28.5% (decrease by 26.2%, p&lt;0.001). This level remained stable throughout the first treatment year. Comparing patients with RA to the reference group the relative risk of being on SL was 6.6 (95% CI 5.2 to 8.5) at initiation of anti-TNF treatment and 5.2 (95% CI 4.0 to 6.8) 1 year after that. The corresponding figures for DP were 3.4 (95% CI 2.7 to 4.2) and 3.2 (95% CI 2.7 to 3.9). Conclusions There was a marked decline in SL during the first 6 months of TNF antagonist treatment in patients with RA in southern Sweden, maintained throughout the first year, which was not offset by a corresponding increase in DP.
Marker Expression in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: A Proposed Clinical-Pathologic Prognostic Score
Authors: Philip Went, Claudio Agostinelli, Andrea Gallamini, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Stefano Ascani, Elena Sabattini, Francesco Bacci, Brunangelo Falini, Teresio Motta, Marco Paulli, Tullio Artusi, Milena Piccioli, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Stefano A. Pileri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Although peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL/U), is the most common T-cell tumor in Western countries, no study to date has been based on the application of a wide panel of markers to a large series of patients and assessed the impact of phenotype on survival. We evaluated the expression of 19 markers in 148 PTCLs/U and 45 PTCLs of the angioimmunoblastic type (AILD).The analysis was performed on tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Clinical data were available in 93 PTCL/U patients, most of whom had been included in a previous study proposing a prognostic index (PIT).An aberrant phenotype with frequent loss of CD5 and/or CD7 was typical for PTCLs, irrespective of whether they were U or AILD. Aberrantly expressed proteins rarely included CD20, CD15, and CD30. Positivity for Epstein-Barr virus-associated small RNAs and CD15 expression emerged as adverse prognostic factors. Among PTCLs/U, the proliferation-associated protein Ki-67 turned out to be prognostically relevant and was integrated in a new predictive score, incorporating age (> 60 years), high lactate dehydrogenase, poor performance status, and Ki-67 > or = 80%. This score was associated with the patient outcome (P < .0001) and was found to be more robust than PIT (P = .0043) in the present series.Our retrospective analysis shows a wide range of protein expression in PTCLs and proposes a new prognostic index. The latter represents one of the first examples of mixed score (including patient- and tumor-specific factors) applied to malignant lymphomas and may be the basis for future prospective therapeutic trials.
Human Monocyte–Endothelial Cell Interaction Induces Synthesis of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Masafumi Takahashi, Seiichi Kitagawa, Jun-Ichi Masuyama, Uichi Ikeda, Tadashi Kasahara, Yu-Ichi Takahashi, Yusuke Furukawa, Shogo Kano, Kazuyuki Shimada
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium is an initial step in the early stages of atherosclerosis and inflammation. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates a range of functional activities of monocytes, including regulation of monocyte adhesion and induction of cytokine production. We investigated in this study whether GM-CSF synthesis was induced by the direct cell-to-cell interaction between human monocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs). Methods and Results The expressions of GM-CSF mRNA and protein were analyzed by Northern blotting and ELISA, respectively. Coculture of monocytes and ECs induced the high levels of GM-CSF mRNA expression, whereas culture of ECs or monocytes alone or coculture of neutrophils with ECs induced no GM-CSF mRNA expression. A large amount of GM-CSF was secreted into the supernatant upon coculture of monocytes with ECs. The supernatant from the coculture markedly stimulated O 2 − release in neutrophils, and this effect was significantly inhibited by anti–GM-CSF antibody (Ab). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that GM-CSF protein and mRNA were clearly detectable in both ECs and monocytes adhered to ECs but not in nonadherent monocytes. The GM-CSF production by the coculture was markedly inhibited by genistein and partially inhibited by Abs against interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusions The present results indicate that GM-CSF is produced by direct interaction between monocytes and ECs and suggest that GM-CSF produced locally by monocyte-EC adhesive interaction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inflammation by modulating monocyte/macrophage functions in vivo.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation complicating infectious mononucleosis.
Authors: H Dodsworth, A Burns
Journal: BMJ (1971)

women aged 30 to 40 and from 60 to 70. 1 understand that the results accord closely with a survey carried out by Dr. F. I. Caird and Dr. G. A. Middleton in Oxford.From Table I it will be seen that in the first decade men accounted for 49A4% of the under 50s and 25-9% of those aged 50 and over.In the second decade the respective figures were 43-2% and 38-2%. INFLUENCE OF HOSPITALSUse of the hospital services in the Hartlepools has increased from 21,672 (deaths and discharges plus new outpatients) in 1949 to 29,241 in 1968.Mild cases of diabetes may have been found from inpatient and outpatient departments.Mild diabetes in patients aged 50 and over is sometimes difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone.Acute symptoms are often missing, unless there is infection or injury, and slight thirst, loss of weight, and lethargy may go unnoticed.Of those aged 50 or over in this series 17-7% of men and 26% of women waited for six months or more before seeking advice.Pruritus vulvae was noted as a symptom in 8944% of females.Balanitis in males is uncommon, and only 4 1% were affected by it.Other diagnostic factors were a family history of diabetes in 26-2% of females and 32 4% of males, while 41,' of females and 18-6°' of males had children whose birth weight was 81 lb (3 8 kg) or more at birth, and 66 1%, of females and 3660/, of males were themselves overweight.To test the influence of the hospital services on diagnosis the source of diagnosis in the series were examined.In the first decade 30%0 of the males and 1910' of the females aged 50 and over were first diagnosed in hospital as against general practice.In the second decade the comparable figures rose respectively to 3841%/ and 31 6%O.Among the reasons for
The tuberculin skin test in relation to immunological<i>in vitro</i>reactions in BCG-vaccinated healthcare workers
Authors: H. Fjällbrant, M. Ridell, L.O. Larsson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The aim was to study the tuberculin skin test in relation to immunological in vitro reactions in bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthcare workers. The present study was performed in Sweden, a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis, a high BCG vaccination efficacy and high tuberculin conversion rates. BCG-vaccinated healthcare workers (n=381) were tuberculin skin tested. From these, 11 subjects with negative tuberculin reactions (&lt;6 mm) were matched for age and sex with 11 subjects with large positive reactions (≥15 mm). Lymphocyte transformation and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were analysed after stimulation in vitro of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with tuberculin purified protein derivative, heat-killed tubercle bacilli and a culture filtrate from tubercle bacilli. In the tuberculin-positive group the lymphocyte transformation response was 2–3 times larger, and IFN-γ production was 7–10 times larger, than in the tuberculin-negative group (p&lt;0.001). The present results suggest that a positive tuberculin skin test in bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated subjects indicates a stronger immune response of the protective T-helper 1-type than does a negative test. In similar settings, the study supports the traditional practice of regarding the tuberculin skin test in bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated subjects as an indicator of a protective immune response against tuberculosis.
Increase in diagnosed asthma but not in symptoms in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey
Authors: S Chinn
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Information on the epidemiology of asthma in relation to age is limited and hampered by reporting error. To determine the change in the prevalence of asthma with age in young adults we analysed longitudinal data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 11 168 randomly selected subjects in 14 countries in 1991-3 when they were aged 20-44 years and 5-11 years later from 1998 to 2003. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate net change in wheeze, nocturnal tightness in chest, shortness of breath, coughing, asthma attacks in the last 12 months, current medication, "diagnosed" asthma, and nasal allergies.Expressed as change in status per 10 years of follow up, subjects reporting asthma attacks in the previous 12 months increased by 0.8% of the population (95% CI 0.2 to 1.4) and asthma medication by 2.1% (95% CI 1.6 to 2.6), while no statistically significant net change was found in reported symptoms. Reported nasal allergies increased, especially in the youngest age group.As this cohort of young adults has aged, there has been an increase in the proportion treated for asthma but not in the proportion of those reporting symptoms suggestive of asthma. Either increased use of effective treatments has led to decreased morbidity among asthmatic subjects or those with mild disease have become more likely to label themselves as asthmatic.
ST–Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Randomized to a Pharmaco-Invasive Strategy or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Peter R. Sinnaeve, Paul W. Armstrong, Anthony H. Gershlick, Patrick Goldstein, Robert Wilcox, Yves Lambert, Thierry Danays, Louis Soulat, Sigrun Halvorsen, Fernando Rosell Ortiz, Katleen Vandenberghe, Anne Regelin, Erich Bluhmki, Kris Bogaerts, Frans Van de Werf
Journal: Circulation (2014)

In the Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction (STREAM) trial, a pharmaco-invasive (PI) strategy was compared with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients presenting within 3 hours after symptom onset but unable to undergo pPCI within 1 hour. At 30 days, the PI approach was associated with a nominally but nonstatistically significant lower incidence of the composite primary end point of death, shock, congestive heart failure, and reinfarction when compared with pPCI. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of these strategies on 1-year mortality.Vital status at 1 year was available in 936 of 944 (99.2%) and 941 of 948 (99.3%) patients in the PI and pPCI arm, respectively. At 1 year, all-cause mortality rates (6.7% versus 5.9%) were similar for PI and pPCI-treated patients (P=0.49; risk ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.62). Cardiac mortality rates were similar as well (4.0% versus 4.1%, P=0.93; risk ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-1.54). Overall, only 34 patients died between day 30 and 1 year, 20 in the PI arm and 14 in the pPCI arm, of whom 20 died of noncardiac reasons (13 in the PI and 7 in the pPCI arm). There was no significant difference in 1-year all-cause mortality between the 2 groups among the prespecified key subgroups.At 1 year, mortality rates in the PI and pPCI arms were similar in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients presenting within 3 hours after symptom onset and unable to undergo pPCI within 1 hour.http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00623623.
Complete Cytoreductive Surgery Plus Intraperitoneal Chemohyperthermia With Oxaliplatin for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Origin
Authors: Dominique Elias, Jérémie H. Lefevre, Julie Chevalier, Antoine Brouquet, Frédéric Marchal, Jean-Marc Classe, Gwenaël Ferron, Jean-Marc Guilloit, Pierre Meeus, Diane Goéré, Julia Bonastre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose To compare the long-term survival of patients with isolated and resectable peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) in comparable groups of patients treated with systemic chemotherapy containing oxaliplatin or irinotecan or by cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Patients and Methods All patients with gross PC from colorectal adenocarcinoma who had undergone cytoreductive surgery plus HIPEC from 1998 to 2003 were evaluated. The standard group was constituted by selecting patients with colorectal PC treated with palliative chemotherapy during the same period, but who had not benefited from HIPEC because the technique was unavailable in the center at that time. Results Forty-eight patients were retrospectively included in the standard group and were compared with 48 patients who had undergone HIPEC and were evaluated prospectively. All characteristics were comparable except age and tumor differentiation. There was no difference in systemic chemotherapy, with a mean of 2.3 lines per patient. Median follow-up was 95.7 months in the standard group versus 63 months in the HIPEC group. Two-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 81% and 51% for the HIPEC group, respectively, and 65% and 13% for the standard group, respectively. Median survival was 23.9 months in the standard group versus 62.7 months in the HIPEC group (P &lt; .05, log-rank test). Conclusion Patients with isolated, resectable PC achieve a median survival of 24 months with modern chemotherapies, but only surgical cytoreduction plus HIPEC is able to prolong median survival to roughly 63 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 51%.
Validation of the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium Definition of Bleeding in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Gjin Ndrepepa, Tibor Schuster, Martin Hadamitzky, Robert A. Byrne, Julinda Mehilli, Franz-Josef Neumann, Gert Richardt, Stefanie Schulz, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Steffen Massberg, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— The Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) has recently proposed a unified definition of bleeding in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. We investigated the relationship between bleeding events as defined by BARC and 1-year mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and assessed whether the BARC bleeding definition is superior to existing bleeding definitions in regard to mortality prediction in patients after PCI procedures. Methods and Results— This study represents a patient-level pooled analysis of 12 459 patients recruited in 6 randomized trials of patients undergoing PCI. Bleeding events were assessed with the use of BARC, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), and Randomized Evaluation in PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events (REPLACE-2) trial criteria. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Bleeding occurred in 1233 patients (9.9%) according to BARC (679 patients or 5.4% with BARC class ≥2 bleeding), in 374 patients (3.0%) according to TIMI, and in 491 patients (3.9%) according to REPLACE-2 criteria. There were 340 deaths (2.7%) over the first year after PCI. BARC class ≥2 bleeding was associated with a significant increase in 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.72; 95% confidence interval, 2.03–3.63). The predictivity of a multivariable model for 1-year mortality was significantly improved after inclusion of bleeding defined according to BARC to an extent comparable to that provided by TIMI and REPLACE-2 criteria. Conclusions— The present study demonstrated a close association between bleeding events defined according to BARC and 1-year mortality after PCI.