tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Down's syndrome and parity
Authors: R J Lilford
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To investigate the role of a patent foramen ovale in the pathogenesis of multiple brain lesions acquired by sport divers in the absence of reported decompression symptoms.Design: Prospective double blind cohort study.Setting: Diving clubs around Heidelberg and departments of neuroradiology and neurology.Subjects: 87 sport divers with a minimum of 160 scuba dives (dives with self contained underwater breathing apparatus).Main outcome measures: Presence of multiple brain lesions visualised by cranial magnetic resonance imaging and presence and size of patent foramen ovale as documented by echocontrast transcranial Doppler ultrasonography.Results: 25 subjects were found to have a right-to-left shunt, 13 with a patent foramen ovale of high haemodynamic relevance.A total of 41 brain lesions were detected in 11 divers.There were seven brain lesions in seven divers without a right-to-left shunt and 34 lesions in four divers with a right-to-left shunt.Multiple brain lesions occurred exclusively in three divers with a large patent foramen ovale (P = 0.004).Conclusions: Multiple brain lesions in sport divers were associated with presence of a large patent foramen ovale.This association suggests paradoxical gas embolism as the pathological mechanism.A patent foramen ovale of high haemodynamic relevance seems to be an important risk factor for developing multiple brain lesions in sport divers.
Examining the Potential Exploitation of UNOS Policies
Authors: Sheldon Zink, Stacey Wertlieb, John Catalano, Victor Marwin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) waiting list was designed as a just and equitable system through which the limited number of organs is allocated to the millions of Americans in need of a transplant. People have trusted the system because of the belief that everyone on the list has an equal opportunity to receive an organ and also that allocation is blind to matters of financial standing, celebrity or political power. Recent events have revealed that certain practices and policies have the potential to be exploited. The policies addressed in this paper enable those on the list with the proper resources to gain an advantage over other less fortunate members, creating a system that benefits not the individual most in medical need, but the one with the best resources. These policies are not only unethical but threaten the balance and success of the entire UNOS system. This paper proposes one possible solution, which seeks to balance the concepts of justice and utility.
Psychotropic Medications During Pregnancy: Risk to the Fetus
Authors: David J. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As of March 31, 1993, our fluoxetine pregnancy database contained 1103 prospectively reported pregnancies. Of these prospective reports, outcomes are available from 544 (59 from clinical trials and 485 from spontaneous reports) of the 761 pregnancies that had potentially reached term. This is a 71% follow-up rate. Of these 544 pregnancies, 91 were electively terminated. Spontaneous abortion was reported in 72 (15.9%). There were two stillbirths. Perinatal major malformations were reported in 13 (3.4%). These malformations were macrostomia, atrial septal defect, bilateral hydroceles, gastrointestinal anomaly, constricted band syndrome, intestinal blockage, ureteral disorder (two cases), trisomy 18, stubbed and missing digits, trisomy 21, abdominal wall defect (in one twin), and hepatoblastoma. Additionally, seven postperinatal malformations were reported. These were pyloric stenosis (two cases), arrhythmia, tracheal malacia (three cases), and volvulus. Although the fluoxetine-treated population may differ from the general population because of the concomitant use of medications, alcohol
Micro-MRI methods to detect renal cysts in mice
Authors: Hisataka Kobayashi, Satomi Kawamoto, Martin W. Brechbiel, Sang-Kyung Jo, Xuzhen Hu, Tianxin Yang, Bhalchandra A. Diwan, Thomas A. Waldmann, Jurgen Schnermann, Peter L. Choyke, Robert A. Star
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Mefenamic Acid for Dysmenorrhea in Patients With Intrauterine Devices
Authors: Penny Wise Budoff
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Telephone interviews with 12 patients (11 had Progestasert IUDs; 1 had copper 7 IUD), who were suffering from dysmenorrhea, were conducted to determine the effects of mefenamic acid in dysmenorrheic patients using IUD. Average duration of IUD use was 16 months (range, 6-30 months). 9 patients suffered from menstrual cramps before IUD insertion; 3 suffered from cramps after insertion. 5 started using mefenamic acid for menstrual cramps before IUD insertion, while the other 7 started after insertion. Average duration of use of mefenamic acid for menstrual cramps was 9 months (range, 1-24 months), with doses ranging from 2 to 12 capsules/menstrual cycle. Of 10 patients previously taking analgesics for menstrual cramps, 9 reported mefenamic acid as better. None reported any change in amount of menstrual flow. All patients reported complete or nearly complete relief of cramps after taking mefenamic acid. Mefenamic acid was also found to be effective in relieving other menstrual symptoms such as leg pain, backache, nausea, and increased bowel movement. Mefenamic acid is effective because it not only inhibits formation of contraction-causing prostaglandins and its synthetase, but also blocks contraction of the uterine muscle to remaining prostaglandin intermediates. Scientifically controlled studies should be done to substantiate these findings.
Abstract 1289: Breast cancer predisposition in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Koen Dreijerink, Elfi Conemans, Chantal Cornelissen, Marja Van Blokland, Michael Mannstadt, Carla Pieterman, Wouter D. Herder, Bas Havekes, Eric Fliers, Ad Hermus, Menno Vriens, Marc Timmers, Elsken Van der Wall, Myles Brown, Rob Van der Luijt, Paul van Diest, Gerlof Valk
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Recent genetic and animal studies have suggested that the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene is involved in breast carcinogenesis. In addition, the MEN1 gene product menin is a regulator of estrogen receptor alpha function in vitro. In this retrospective study in two independent cohorts we aimed to investigate the prevalence of breast cancer in female MEN1 patients and to characterize MEN1-related breast tumors. The Dutch MEN1 cohort contains data from 190 female MEN1 patients from 1990-2011. The second cohort from the U.S. has data from 68 female patients from 2004-2013. Observations were matched with demographic and cancer incidence and prevalence information from the general Dutch and U.S. populations. Breast cancer tissues from MEN1 patients were analyzed immunohistochemically and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the MEN1 gene locus was assessed. Females with MEN1 were found to be at increased risk to develop breast cancer (relative risks 2.83 and 3.20). Eighty percent of MEN1-related breast tumors showed loss of expression of menin and in a subset also loss of heterozygosity at the MEN1 gene locus was found. MEN1 is a breast cancer susceptibility syndrome. Further research will determine the relevance of the MEN1 gene for patients with non-familial breast cancer. Intensified breast cancer screening should be considered for female MEN1 patients. Citation Format: Koen Dreijerink, Elfi Conemans, Chantal Cornelissen, Marja Van Blokland, Michael Mannstadt, Carla Pieterman, Wouter De Herder, Bas Havekes, Eric Fliers, Ad Hermus, Menno Vriens, Marc Timmers, Elsken Van der Wall, Myles Brown, Rob Van der Luijt, Paul van Diest, Gerlof Valk. Breast cancer predisposition in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1289
Borrelia in the Brains of Patients Dying With Dementia
Authors: Alan B. MacDonald
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have identified spirochetes in serial subculture of autopsy brain tissues from two patients with dementia. Indirect immunofluorescence, using monoclonal antibodies specific for<i>Borrelia</i>species, resulted in fluorescence of spirochetes that had previously been identified by darkfield microscope examination (Figs 1 through 4). Case 1 was a 74-year-old woman with mild dementia of less than one year's duration. She had resided in New York and Florida. Case 2 was a 69-year-old man who died in a nursing home in Texas after a four- to five-year history of progressive dementia. Parkinsonian symptoms were noted during his last year of life. Neither patient had symptoms of the skin, joint, or cardiac disorders described in<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>infection. Recent reports have described patients with various chronic degenerative neurological disorders whose blood or cerebrospinal fluid contains antibodies against<i>B burgdorferi</i>.<sup>1</sup>Individuals with cognitive impairment or memory disorders are found within
Fetal macrosomia and maternal diabetic control in pregnancy.
Authors: S M Stubbs, R D Leslie, P N John
Journal: BMJ (1981)

clofibrate showed an increase in sex-hormone-binding capacity (119 and 7-5 x 10-8 mol/l in cases and controls respectively) and a decrease in the percentage of testosterone circulating free in the unbound state (I1 % and 1-6 % respectively), both differences being statistically significant (p <0.05).Though total testosterone was higher and oestrone and oestradiol lower in those taking clofibrate than in their controls, the differences were not significant.Comparison of men not taking medication with their matched controls showed a non-significant increase in total testosterone, oestrone, and oestradiol.When the hormone concentrations were put into a multiple Total testosterone 30 25 Percentage of free 20 77 2 testosterone nmol/l 15 10 .. 5 Sex-hormone-binding Dihydrotestosterone 15 apcity 3 10 2 Oestrone Oestradiol 0-2 0 -.21 °X n Ss ~ñ m o l / l n a- 0.0 0-0 Follicle-stimulating 50hormone Luteinising hormone hm 2 40 30u g / l 1 { 1 j ' °2 0 CasesE 7 Cnt rolsTotal Clofibrate H Other drugs H Nodrugs Hormone concentrations in cases, grouped according to current drug treatment, compared with their matched control pairs.Numbers of pairs (total=50): clofibrate, 12; other drugs, 16; no drugs, 22. (One value missing for each of % free testosterone, sex-hormone-binding capacity, oestradiol, luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone; 11 values missing for oestrone; 16 values missing for dihydrotestosterone.) Conversion: SI to traditional units-Testosterone: 1 nmol/I 28-8 ng/100 ml.Oestrone: 1 nmol/l 27 ng/ 100 ml.Dihydrotes- tosterone: 1 nmol/l129 ng/100 ml.Oestradiol: 1 nmol/l-27-2 ng/100 ml.linear regression model (to examine case-control differences while taking account of the effect of drugs and other risk factors for coronary heart disease) testosterone was a better discriminator between cases and controls (t= 1-78; p<0-10) than either oe.trone or oestradiol, but none of these hormonal differences were statistically significant.
The Therapeutic and Toxic Action of Salicylate of Soda
Authors: F. H. Daly
Journal: BMJ (1878)

country.For instance, how few provincial towns possess a (Ransome's) stethometer, or even a sphygmograph, etc.c.An organisation of this kind would also secure the introduction without delay of the newest modes of treatment, e.g., the method of curing spinal curvature, which has been so ably demonstrated to this meeting by Dr. Sayre of New York, etc.
Anti-abortion doctor now heads US family planning service
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Eric Keroack began work last week as deputy assistant secretary for population affairs at the US Department of Health and Human Services, despite calls for his recall because of his stance on contraception and abortion. 

He was appointed by President Bush but faced an unusual degree of criticism from the US press and from family planning agencies. The president did not need the approval of the Senate for Dr Keroack's appointment. 

Dr Keroack now oversees a $283m (£143m; €213m) budget that each year provides family planning services to more than five million Americans on a low …
Robert James Edwin Bell Mary Evaline Griffith Mercy Jacob Joseph William Thomas Kenny Omotunde Olutosin ("Tosin") Manuwa-Clairmonte Robert Prosser Maureen Seddon (nee Maxwell) Robert William Magill Strain Richard Walton Gavin ("Guy") Baird Ross Warnock Maurice Cresswell Brough David Stafford-Clark
Authors: P. McKay
Journal: BMJ (2000)
Residual Ethiodol® After Lymphography in Diagnosis of Lymphoma
Authors: EDWARD I. SWEET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

It has been demonstrated by example that there is a simple method for following exacerbations of retroperitoneal lymph node tumor before, during, and after therapy. This technique involves obtaining a single abdominal X-ray film with each clinic visit for a period of months after a lymphogram has been done. This follow-up procedure is most useful in lymphoma.
Radiation in Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Jan Lieben
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Reference is made to your article entitled "One Factor in Increase of Bronchial Carcinoma" by Doctors Barnes and Ratzenhofer, which appeared inThe JournalDec. 31. The article states that there has been a definite increase in the association of bronchogenic carcinoma and tuberculosis which culminated in 1948, when 21 per cent of the autopsied patients with bronchogenic carcinoma had associated tuberculosis. The authors state that the advent of chemotherapy has increased the life span of tuberculous patients and preserves them long enough for the development of lung cancer. This is, of course, true; however, another factor must be considered— namely, the one of radiation exposure. In an unpublished study of tuberculosis hospital records of patients who were hospitalized in the years 1925-1940 it was found that it was nothing unusual for pneumothorax patients to have 200 fluoroscopies, some even had as many as 300, plus innumerable
Computer Networks as a Medical Resource-Reply
Authors: Marilyn K. Bushway
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —The WWW is an advanced Internet service that incorporates telnet, ftp, gopher, and other services into a coordinated package. A distinguishing feature of WWW is that data are presented as hypermedia in which text and images contain links to other resources that describe the data in more detail. A user can access one of these links by choosing reference numbers (for text) or by using a mouse to click on key words or icons in graphical images. There has been an explosive growth in WWW servers and access to them in 1994. To access this service, a client program such as Mosaic or Cello must be run on the local computer. These programs are graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and require a Windows environment (a Macintosh, PC with Windows, or an X Window platform with Unix). These programs require a direct connection to the Internet. For an individual with
Validation of a Histology-Independent Prognostic Gene Signature for Early-Stage, Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Including Stage IA Patients
Authors: Sandy D. Der, Jenna Sykes, Melania Pintilie, Chang-Qi Zhu, Dan Strumpf, Ni Liu, Igor Jurisica, Frances A. Shepherd, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Two Rare Cases of Endoscopic Extraction of Foreign Bodies from the Stomach and Duodenum
Authors: E.N. Vantsian, A.P. Krendal
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

This is the report of two cases of successful endoscopic foreign body extraction from the gastrointestinal tract. The first case describes the extraction of 18 objects from the stomach and duodenum of an insane patient done 6 months ago. The second case presents a patient with a prior bile duct operation in whom a transpapillary drain had been left behind 8 years ago. The authors suggest a number of recommendations concerning easier and safer technique of endoscopy. Roentgeno-endoscopic diagnostic localization of foreign bodies and choice of active or temporizing tactics is given special attention. Detailed description of foreign body extraction and further treatment of patients is given. In conclusion the authors suggest that endoscopy should be more often used after operations to reveal and remove possible iatrogenic foreign bodies from the gastrointestinal tract.
Descending Sphincterotomy of the Papilla of Vater through the T-Drain under Endoscopic View: Variants of endoscopic papillotomy (EPT)
Authors: D. Wurbs, R. Dammermann, F. Ossenberg, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

An indwelling T-drain is a valuable access to the common bile duct if the conventional EPT fails in the case of choledocholithiasis. It is often easier to cannulate the duodenal papilla from the common bile duct than from the duodenum. A papillotome of the Erlangen type introduced through the T-drain into the papilla spontaneously has the correct cutting direction. The incision is controlled endoscopically. If a patient has undergone Billroth II operation, the particularly difficult cannulation and incision of the papilla is make much easier by the descending technique. Two variants of the endoscopically controlled descending electropapillotomy were successfully performed.
The E-cadherin gene (CDH1) variants T340A and L599V in gastric and colorectal cancer patients in Korea
Authors: H C Kim
Journal: Gut (2000)

Germline mutations in E-cadherin (CDH1) have been reported in families with early onset, diffuse gastric cancer. More recently, mutations in CDH1 have been described in colorectal cancer cell lines.We have investigated if germline mutations in CDH1 occur among different groups of Korean gastric and colorectal cancer patients, with and without a positive family history.We studied 131 patients and 168 normal controls (88 Korean and 80 non-Korean). Patients were divided into five groups: group I, 20 gastric cancer patients with a family history; group II, 26 colorectal cancer patients with a family history of gastric cancer (those from familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) kindred were excluded); group III, 16 HNPCC patients without identified germline mutations in hMLH1 and hMSH2; group IV, 35 gastric cancer patients without a family history; and group V, 34 colorectal cancer patients without a family history. Polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformational polymorphism analysis, direct sequencing, and genotyping for identified variants were performed.Several germline changes in CDH1 were found. In addition to previously described polymorphisms, we found three novel changes, two of which were missense changes (T340A and L599V). T340A was present in one patient in group III and one in group V. L599V was present in one patient in group II, in two in group III, and in one in group IV. T340A was not found in normal controls while L599V was present in two of 88 Korean controls. Patients with these variants may appear to have a tendency to early onset cancer with a positive family history, although differences in frequencies did not reach statistical significance. Genotyping results suggest that these variants might have a common origin, particularly T340A.We have described two new missense germline variants in CDH1 in various groups of Korean gastrointestinal cancer patients. Further work is required to assess if these variants increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancer.
TCT-25 Randomized Comparison of Final Kissing Balloon Dilatation Versus No Final Kissing Balloon Dilatation in Patients With Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Treated With Main Vessel Stenting. Five Year Clinical Outcome in The Nordic-Baltic Bifurcation Study III
Authors: Matti J. Niemela, Niels R. Holm, Kari Kervinen, Andrejs Erglis, Michael Maeng, Indulis Kumsars, Sanda Jegere, Terje Steigen, Markku J. Eskola, Timo H. Makikallio, Lars Aaberge, Lisette Okkels Jensen, Juhani Airaksinen, Mikko Pietila, Ole Frobert, Jan Ravkilde, Svend Eggert Jensen, Jan S. Jensen, Steffen Helqvist, Stefan James, Heikki Miettinen, Jens F. Lassen, Leif Thuesen, Evald H. Christiansen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Defeating Leishmania resistance to Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) by peptide-mediated drug smuggling: A proof of mechanism for trypanosomatid chemotherapy
Authors: Juan Román Luque-Ortega, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Valentín Hornillos, Jean-Mathieu Bart, Cristina Rueda, Miguel Navarro, Francisco Amat-Guerri, A. Ulises Acuña, David Andreu, Luis Rivas
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Incidence and Sequelae of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch in Transcatheter Versus Surgical Valve Replacement in High-Risk Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Philippe Pibarot, Neil J. Weissman, William J. Stewart, Rebecca T. Hahn, Brian R. Lindman, Thomas McAndrew, Susheel K. Kodali, Michael J. Mack, Vinod H. Thourani, D. Craig Miller, Lars G. Svensson, Howard C. Herrmann, Craig R. Smith, Josep Rodés-Cabau, John Webb, Scott Lim, Ke Xu, Irene Hueter, Pamela S. Douglas, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Changes in Conflict, Symptoms, and Well-Being during Psychodynamic and Cognitive-Behavioral Alcohol Inpatient Treatment
Authors: Jürgen Hoyer, Jens Fecht, Wolf Lauterbach, Ralf Schneider
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; According to Grawe’s psychological therapy approach, conflict reduction can be expected not only in psychodynamic, but also in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This was tested in an effectiveness study. Changes in cognitive conflicts, along with those of symptom severity and well-being were analyzed during alcohol inpatient treatment. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Four times during treatment, groups of patients receiving psychodynamic therapy (n = 45 patients) or CBT (n = 49 patients) were measured and compared. Lauterbach’s Online Conflict Test was used to measure conflict. Symptom severity and well-being were measured using questionnaires. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Results showed significant conflict decrease in both groups with a tendency towards faster reduction under CBT. There was also significant change in symptom severity and well-being in both groups with no difference regarding reduction gradient. Moreover, patients in the psychodynamic treatment group exhibited lower symptom scores at treatment begin which may be a consequence of clinical group assignment. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; In general, the findings confirmed Grawe’s theoretical assumptions. Generalizability to other diagnostic groups and other clinical settings remains to be tested.