tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Moles and malignant melanoma.
Authors: W Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Flyweight 3000 50 60 70 80 90 00 110 Body weight ( kg)Body Weight and Performance in Weighdifeing Events (Munich 0lymnpic Medalists, 1972).advantages: greater weight because of his height and greater leverage.The sportig system is ibiased in favour of the taller sec- tions of the population; persons of average height, no matter how good they are within the physial limitation of thei build, are virtually dearred fron some events.12IPTob-ably shorer competitors m the throwng and rowing events are tempted to use steroids to gain in weight what they lack in height.Buut they cannot match the advantages taller com- petitors (of the same weight) have because of better leverage.There is need to empha- size that the use of anabolic steroids will not help to win medals in a large majority of cases.I suggest the administrators of ath- letics re-examine some of the basic assumptions upon whidh these events ae regulated.-I am etc.,
The Words Count — Radiology and Medical Linguistics
Authors: John F. Bruzzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Thanks to European Union (EU) regulations, I, an Irishman, was recently permitted to pursue a radiology fellowship in France. Though free movement of labor within the EU is legal, it is not necessarily easy — not least because of language barriers. I soon came to appreciate that language is the lifeblood of radiologists. I also discovered that much of what we think is determined by what we can say.When I arrived, I was proficient enough in French to formulate a radiology report, though it involved a long, painful process of interpreting the images and mentally translating my thoughts into . . .
Endothelial hypoxic stress proteins
Authors: Krista K. Graven, Harrison W. Farber
Journal: Kidney International (1997)

Top of pageAbstract
Moxonidine inhibits Na+/H+ exchange in proximal tubule cells and cortical collecting duct. The imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine has been recently introduced as an antihypertensive therapy. Imidazoline specific binding sites have also been found in the kidney. Moxonidine induced natriuresis and diuresis in clearance studies in rats. Related substances such as various guanidinium derivatives have been shown to inhibit Na+/H+ exchange in several preparations. We therefore examined whether the renal effects of moxonidine could be mediated by an inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured microfluorimetrically with BCECF in proximal LLC-PK1 cells and in the principal cells of rat cortical collecting ducts (CCD). In LLC-PK1 cells moxonidine (10 mol/liter) had no effect on the basal pHi; however, it reduced the Na+/H+ activity reversibly by 43 4% (N = 26) when the exchanger was activated by cellular acidification. In rat CCD cells moxonidine slightly decreased basal pHi by 0.08 0.03 pH units (N = 12). After acidification the recovery rate of pHi was reduced with moxonidine by 45 6% (N = 18). The effects of moxonidine could be mimicked in both cell types by inhibitors of the Na+/H+ exchanger (HOE 694, amiloride). In the presence of the imidazoline receptor antagonist ida-zoxan (10 mol/liter) the effects of moxonidine were almost completely inhibited. The 2antagonist yohimbine (10 mol/liter) did not significantly alter the effects of moxonidine in both cell types. These data suggest that in LLC-PK1 and in rat CCD cells, Na+/H+ is inhibited by moxonidine via an activation of the imidazoline receptor.

Keywords: 
moxonidine, hypertension, Na+/H+ exchange, blood pressure control, imidazoline-receptor agonist, antihypertensive drugs
OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF THE RAT WHICH RESULT FROM DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN A IN THE DIET
Authors: ARTHUR M. YUDKIN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Various names have been given to certain ophthalmologic phenomena which accompany nutritive disturbances in experimental animals. Long before the vitamin hypothesis was formulated, Falta and Noeggerath<sup>1</sup>described a conjunctivitis with crust formation beginning about the fourth week and lasting until death, in rats fed on a diet which, from their description, must have been free from vitamin A. Knapp,<sup>2</sup>continuing the studies, described the eye symptoms as beginning with photophobia, followed by a slimy secretion in the corners of the lids so that it was found difficult to separate them. This was followed by turbidity of the cornea and ulceration. Osborne and Mendel,<sup>3</sup>in 1913, described the ocular phenomenon as an "eye disease," which, as they showed later,<sup>4</sup>cleared up by adding butter fat or cod liver oil to the diet. McCollum and Davis<sup>5</sup>also called attention to the condition of "inflamed eyes," which McCollum
Frequency-dependent effects of amiodarone on atrioventricular nodal function and slow-channel action potentials: evidence for calcium channel-blocking activity.
Authors: S Nattel, M Talajic, M Quantz, M DeRoode
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The purpose of these experiments was to determine the frequency dependence of the effects of amiodarone and its active desethyl metabolite on slow-channel tissues. Intravenous amiodarone and desethylamiodarone (10 or 25 mg/kg) increased atrioventricular conduction time (AVCT) and refractory period (AVERP) in open-chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Drug effects on AVCT and AVERP were greatly augmented by increasing atrial stimulation frequency. The frequency dependence of drug effects was quantified by studying the response of atrioventricular (AV) conduction to changes in coupling interval. Under control conditions, premature atrial stimulation increased AVCT with a time constant of 70 msec. In the presence of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, a biexponential relationship between AVCT and coupling interval was observed. One component had a time constant similar to control, and a slower component with a time constant of about 1 sec appeared. Slow-channel action potentials produced in canine cardiac false tendons by elevated potassium (25 mM) and isoproterenol in vitro showed interval-dependent changes in Vmax with a time constant averaging 74 msec in the absence of amiodarone. In the presence of amiodarone, a slower recovery phase of Vmax with a time constant averaging 0.94 sec was observed. These results indicate that amiodarone and its metabolite produce heart rate-dependent changes in AV nodal function in vivo and suggest use-dependent calcium-channel blockade as a mechanism of this action. Amiodarone's rate-related effects on slow-channel properties should produce selective depression of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias involving rapid activation of the AV node.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α is renoprotective in doxorubicin-induced glomerular injury
Authors: Yunfeng Zhou, Xiaomu Kong, Pan Zhao, Hang Yang, Lihong Chen, Jing Miao, Xiaoyan Zhang, Jichun Yang, Jie Ding, Youfei Guan
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Suppression of Granulopoiesis by T-Lymphocytes in Two Patients with Disseminated Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Grover C. Bagby, David N. Gilbert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Two patients with disseminated mycobacterial infection presented with severe neutropenia and hematopoietic failure. Marrow cells were obtained from each patient and were cultured in methylcellulose before and after the removal of mononuclear phagocytes, T-lymphocytes, or both from the marrow cell suspension. Glucocorticosteroid-resistant T-lymphocytes markedly inhibited granulopoiesis, but mononuclear phagocytes did not. Indomethacin inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis did not influence suppression of colony growth by the inhibitory lymphocytes. In the one patient who responded favorably to antituberculous therapy, the in-vitro T-lymphocyte inhibition of granulopoiesis disappeared as the neutropenia resolved. Thus, in some patients with disseminated mycobacterial infection, clinical bone marrow failure may be mediated, at least partly, by T-lymphocytes that suppress hematopoiesis.
Continuous measurements of cytoplasmic ATP in single cardiomyocytes during simulation of the "oxygen paradox"
Authors: K. C Bowers, A. P Allshire, P. H Cobbold
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

It is now possible to monitor cytoplasmic ATP in single cardiomyocytes and it has recently been shown that cardiomyocytes exposed for several minutes to metabolic inhibitors undergo an abrupt rigor mediated shortening which coincides with a sudden fall in cytoplasmic ATP, from approximately 150 mumol.litre-1 to a few micromolar or less. The objective of this work was to monitor cytoplasmic ATP during simulated reoxygenation of a poisoned cardiomyocyte.Firefly luciferase was injected into a single cell and the light signal generated when luciferin was superfused was monitored. Calibration of the signal is complicated by a transient enhancement of the signal (possibly the result of complex luciferase kinetics), and by uncertainties about cytoplasmic pH.The data indicate that millimolar levels of cytoplasmic ATP are restored within 1-2 min of cyanide removal.Cytoplasmic free calcium is known to rise after poisoned cells undergo shortening, so it is conceivable that the restoration of cytoplasmic ATP in a cell in which free calcium is at micromolar levels may provide a plausible cellular mechanism for the "oxygen paradox". Reoxygenation induces large amplitude, but slow, oscillations in free calcium which, together with the millimolar levels of ATP indicated here, could provide the stimuli for generating the uncoordinated mechanical forces that are prevalent in the oxygen paradox.
SURGICAL SEPARATION IN CRANIOPAGUS
Authors: Herbert J. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

On Sept. 16, 1951, craniopagus twins were born in Rock Island, Ill. The record of the birth and course during the first six weeks has been adequately described by Durr.<sup>1</sup>The present preliminary communication will give a résumé of the sequence of events that led to the eventual surgical separation of the twins and of the post-operative course. The babies were admitted to the University of Illinois Hospitals on Oct. 2, 1951. They were in a conjoined state of craniopagus parietalis (fig. 1). Their general condition was good, with normal increments of growth and neuromuscular development. Their measurements on the Stuart-Vickers tables ranged from the 25th to the 50th percentile for their age. The babies had obviously independent activities; they slept at different times, could eat at separate times, made separate movements, had independent bowel and bladder functions, and had individual body temperatures. In all, there was clinical evidence
Asthma mortality: comparison between New Zealand and England.
Authors: M R Sears, H H Rea, R P Rothwell, T V O'Donnell, P E Holst, A J Gillies, R Beaglehole
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Causes for the high mortality from asthma in New Zealand were investigated by comparing deaths from asthma in caucasian subjects aged 15-64 in New Zealand with those from asthma in the same age group in two regions in England. There were no significant differences in the accuracy of death certification. The verified asthma mortality in New Zealand (4.2/100,000) was over twice that in England. Many characteristics of patients and management, including poor compliance with treatment and deficiencies in long term and emergency care, were qualitatively similar in the two countries. New Zealand had an apparently higher rate of non-preventable deaths from asthma, suggesting a greater severity of asthma in New Zealand. In both countries, however, most deaths were associated with poor assessment, underestimation of severity and inappropriate treatment (over-reliance on bronchodilators and underuse of systemic corticosteroids), and delays in obtaining help. A greater frequency of some of these deficiencies in management remains a possible additional explanation for part of the excess mortality in New Zealand.
Income from reprints creates a conflict of interests
Authors: A. Lundh, A. Hrobjartsson, P. C. Gotzsche
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Although the BMJ and Lancet provided Handel and colleagues access to information on reprint sales,1 the big US journals were unwilling to share this information. Our experience was similar when we investigated reprint sales.2

Much of the previous evidence in this field has been anecdotal, such as the infamous VIGOR trial of rofecoxib, where …
Adams-Stokes Attacks Associated With Hysteria
Authors: Edward V. Spudis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A SERIOUS case of heart disease went undetected during 18 months of misadventure because of a confusing mixture of psychogenic convulsions and Adams-Stokes attacks. These may have been more than coincidentally related. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old female textile worker was admitted in April 1970 with a history of three unusual attacks during the previous nine months. On each occasion, after a sudden failure of vision she became dyspneic and collapsed. Many attacks were associated with climbing stairs or other vigorous movements. Her father had had grand mal epilepsy. The results of her general and neurologic examinations were normal, but when asked to do the Barré test she trembled, fell to the right, and closed her eyes. She was able to remember test phrases and was abruptly alert in two minutes, complaining that this happens when she tries to work. She was discharged with a diagnosis of psychogenic convulsions.
A CASE OF BILATERAL BEZOLD MASTOIDITIS FOLLOWING ANGINOUS SCARLET FEVERS.
Authors: ADOLPH O. PFINGST
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following case presents so many clinical features of interest that a full report seems justifiable: <h3>History.</h3> —When I first saw this child the following history was obtained from the family physician: A girl, aged 11, previously healthy, began, on the third or fourth day, after the onset of a well-developed scarlatinal eruption, to show signs of involvement of the nasal, pharyngeal and faucial mucous membranes. Several days later the patient began to complain of pain in her left ear and on the following day both ears were discharging pus. <h3>Examination.</h3> —There was marked involvement of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, especially of the nose. The turbinates were swollen, blocking the nares. They were bathed in a yellowish pus, which had caused an excoriation of the nostrils and skin beneath. A stringy muco-pus could also be seen on the posterior pharyngeal wall. Both faucial tonsils were enlarged
Adherence of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes to Measles-Infected Cells
Authors: Robert B. Zurier, Paula Dore-Duffy, Michael V. Viola
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We studied the effect of prostaglandins in vitro on an immune reaction mediated by T cells: adherence of lymphocytes to measles-virus-infected human epithelial cells. Normal human lymphocytes adhered to a mean ±S.D. 20.1 ±5.2 per cent of these HEp-2 cells. The percentage positive cells increased to 50.3±5.7 when lymphocytes were incubated with 10-6 M prostaglandin E1 (P<0.01 vs. untreated lymphocytes); 10-8 M and 10-10 M were as effective. Prostaglandin F2α had no effect on lymphocyte adherence. Prostaglandin E1 increased lymphocyte cyclic AMP five to 10 times whereas prostaglandin F2α did not affect cellular levels of this nucleotide. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10-8 M) increased lymphocyte adherence: positive human epithelial cells increased from 16.0±2.4 to 38.7±1.1 per cent (P<0.01). Prostaglandin E1 also increased adherence of lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from 21.8±5.8 to 52.5±9.2 per cent (P<0.01). These results indicate that prostaglandin E1 and cyclic AMP may serve to stimulate T-cell function and cell-mediated immunity. (N Engl J Med 296:1443–1446, 1977)
Calot's Triangle
Authors: Mervin J. Specht
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recently I came across the following definition of the triangle of Calot<sup>1</sup>: The cystic duct, which is often tortuous and has a beaded appearance, passes downward and to the left to join the common duct; and the cysticartery arises from the hepatic artery and passes under the common hepatic duct to the gallbladder. These three structures—common duct, cystic duct and cystic artery—form an anatomic triangle (Calot), the base of which is the cystic artery. I recalled that this definition disagreed with what I had learned in freshman anatomy.<sup>2</sup><i>Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary</i>(24th edition) agreed with my previously learned definition of Calot's triangle: A triangle bounded by the liver, the cystic duct, and the hepatic duct; it is of particular importance surgically because it contains usually the cystic artery, which most commonly arises in the triangle, the right hepatic artery, and possibly accessory hepatic ducts. Called
Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Authors: Mary Ellen Olbrisch
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Starzl et al<sup>1</sup>make some points in their article on liver transplantation for alcoholics that merit discussion on both factual and methodological grounds. The prognosis of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is debated widely in the transplant community, and, thus, any objective data to guide those involved in patient selection with regard to this issue would be most welcome. Unfortunately, the article by Starzl et al cannot serve this purpose because of its methodological inadequacies. No data are provided, either systematically or informally, confirming or quantifying alcoholism. Specifically, no information was gathered as to whether patients are currently drinking or how much, or the extent of adverse consequences, although valid instruments for this purpose have long been available.<sup>2,3</sup>Starzl et al not only failed to measure alcohol use before transplantation, they also did not use<i>any</i>objective measures of alcohol use after transplantation (eg, blood alcohol
Risk assessment scales poorly predict pressure ulceration
Authors: P. J Franks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Several fundamental issues around the use of pressure risk scales are highlighted by the article by Schoonhoven et al.1

These scales are poor predictors of pressure ulcer development, but nurses are encouraged to use them to meet the clinical governance agenda. The guidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence recommend their use as an aide-memoire, which should …
Illegally Marketed Drug Ingredients Are Not Dietary Supplements—Reply
Authors: Ziv Harel, Shai Harel, Chaim M. Bell
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Common Epithelial Cancer of the Ovary
Authors: George S. Richardson, Robert E. Scully, Najamosama Nikrui, James H. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

OVARIAN cancer ranks fifth as a fatal form of cancer in American women. The estimated number of deaths from ovarian cancer in 1984 (11,500)1 exceeds that from uterine cancer (cervix, 7000; endometrium, 3000). Since many histologically distinct neoplasms arise in the ovary, it is important to emphasize that most ovarian cancers in the Western world are of the common epithelial type; these tumors accounted for 87 per cent of the cases registered in the U.S. Third National Cancer Survey (1969–1971)2; the other malignant ovarian tumors were mostly of germ-cell and sex-cord-stroma type.EpidemiologyEpidemiologic studies agree that ovarian cancer . . .
THE REGENERATION OF F1 HOST CELL SPLEEN AND THYMUS AT ECTOPIC SITES IN F1 ANIMALS INDUCED BY IMPLANTATION OF PARENTAL SPLEEN AND THYMUS
Authors: Ira Green
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The ability of parental to F1 spleen grafts to regenerate was equal to that of parental to parental or to F1 or F1 spleen grafts. Cytotoxicity analysis of parental to F1 spleen and thymic grafts indicated that these "regenerated grafts" were composed of F1 lymphocytes. Regenerated parental to F1 spleen grafts were incapable of producing runt disease in newborn F1 animals.
Correction of Acute Dissecting Aneurysm of Aorta with Valvular Insufficiency
Authors: George C. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1963)

DISSECTING ANEURYSM is a serious condition proving fatal in more than 75% of cases. The more common subacute or chronic types beginning in the descending thoracic aorta have been managed satisfactorily by resection and graft replacement for nearly a decade.<sup>1</sup>Recent reports have described elective repair for the more extensive type of dissecting aneurysm beginning just above the aortic valve in a few fortunate patients surviving weeks or months after the onset of the dissecting process.<sup>1-6</sup>The purpose of this report is to describe complete correction of this condition in its acute form and to illustrate the problem and its successful emergency treatment by a case report. The process begins with a transverse tear, often circumferential, in the intimal and medial layers of the aorta just above the aortic valve (Fig 1). Through this tear the force of blood dissects the aortic wall, creating a false lumen.
Interfering with Resistance to Smoothened Antagonists by Inhibition of the PI3K Pathway in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Silvia Buonamici, Juliet Williams, Michael Morrissey, Anlai Wang, Ribo Guo, Anthony Vattay, Kathy Hsiao, Jing Yuan, John Green, Beatriz Ospina, Qunyan Yu, Lance Ostrom, Paul Fordjour, Dustin L. Anderson, John E. Monahan, Joseph F. Kelleher, Stefan Peukert, Shifeng Pan, Xu Wu, Sauveur-Michel Maira, Carlos García-Echeverría, Kimberly J. Briggs, D. Neil Watkins, Yung-mae Yao, Christoph Lengauer, Markus Warmuth, William R. Sellers, Marion Dorsch
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

Resistance of medulloblastoma to Smo antagonists can be delayed or prevented by specific drug combinations.
STAT3 Signaling and the Hyper-IgE Syndrome
Authors: David E. Levy, Cynthia A. Loomis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway has emerged over the past decade as a major relay between cell-surface receptors and cytokine responses. The human genome encodes four JAK family members — JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) — and seven STAT proteins.1 JAKs are protein tyrosine kinases that interact with the intracellular domains of cytokine receptors (Figure 1) and that have enhanced catalytic activity toward substrate proteins after receptor activation. The primary JAK substrates are STAT proteins — latent transcription factors that require their tyrosine residues, and sometimes serine residues, to be . . .
Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and pollution-induced enhanced airway response in a chronic mouse model of asthma
Authors: Patricia Castellanos Penton, Xiaomin Wang, Hajera Amatullah, Josephine Cooper, Krystal Godri, Michelle L. North, Nivedita Khanna, Jeremy A. Scott, Chung-Wai Chow
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)