tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODIES CYTOPHILIC FOR MACROPHAGES
Authors: Arthur Berken, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Cytophilic activity for macrophages was shown to be a property possessed by most, if not all, of the complement binding 7S gamma(2)-population of guinea pig antibodies. Cytophilic antibodies were also demonstrated in rabbit and mouse antisera to sheep red cells. While each species antibody best sensitized homologous macrophages, cross species sensitization was also observed. The binding site for macrophages resides on the Fc fragment, therefore, on the H chains, and is destroyed by pepsin hydrolysis or reduction and alkylation. The binding reaction is reversible with a high rate of dissociation at 37 degrees C. Cytophilic activity is not complement dependent, and was shown to be that property of opsonizing antibody which provides the receptors that permit the binding of the antibody to the macrophage cell membrane in preparation for phagocytosis.
THERAPY OF THE COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL
Authors: LeRoy H. SLOAN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Influenza has been essentially an epidemic disease, appearing in all parts of the world at variable intervals though exhibiting a certain periodicity and seasonal incidence. In addition to epidemic occurrence there have been a number of major pandemics in which the disease has spread with extraordinary rapidity and with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The last of these major pandemics was in 1918-1920. Preceding this there was a worldwide occurrence in 1889-1890 and also in 1847. The clinical and pathologic manifestations in all were of sufficient similarity to make certain that in each instance the same disease existed even though the cause was obscure. Epidemics appearing in 1769 and 1737 were probably identical. Following the pandemic of 1918-1920 the disease recurred, and it has continued to make its appearance in minor epidemic forms in various parts of the world and for limited periods. These subsequent outbreaks, while showing
Two victims of diethylstilbestrol win lawsuit
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Two women who developed cancer after their mothers took the drug diethylstilbestrol have won their case against the pharmaceutical company UCB Pharma.

The company continued to market the drug until 1977, six years after it was found to be associated with an increase in vaginal cancer in girls and young women whose mothers had taken it, and six years after it was taken off the market in the United States. This is the first successful suit involving the drug in France.

The court ordered the company to pay each of the women €15 244 (£9634; $13 994) as an interim payment, until full damages are …
Clinical Decision Support Systems to Improve Clinical Practice and Quality of Care
Authors: David C. Classen
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rat liver subcellular fractions catalyze aerobic binding of 1-nitro[14C]pyrene to DNA.
Authors: L M Ball, J Lewtas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The recently characterized environmental mutagen and potential carcinogen 1-nitropyrene (NP) is known to bind DNA in Salmonella typhimurium, and also in anaerobic incubations catalyzed by purified xanthine oxidase. In this study we show that rat liver S9 supernatant, microsomal and cytosolic subcellular fractions are also able to catalyze the binding of 1-nitropyrene labeled with 14C to calf thymus DNA in vitro. In incubations conducted under air, S9 and microsomes from Charles River CD rats were the most active fractions, and NADPH was required for maximum activity (25-100 pmole NP bound/mg DNA/mg protein in 1 hr). S9 and microsomes had about one-fourth the activity under nitrogen, although less of this activity was NADPH-dependent. Binding in cytosolic incubations was generally low (1 to 5 pmole NP/mg DNA/mg protein in 1 hr), was somewhat enhanced under N2, and was more extensive in the absence of NADPH. Treatment of rats (Harlan Sprague-Dawley) with the inducing agents phenobarbital (PB), Aroclor 1254 (A), or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) enhanced NADPH-dependent binding in aerobic S9 (2- to 5-fold) and microsomal (10- to 20-fold) incubations. The effects of induction regimen on binding assays conducted under N2 were more equivocal: 3-MC produced a 2-fold increase in binding in both S9 and microsomes, while the other two agents decreased binding from 50 to 75%. These results indicate that classic cytochrome P-450 inducers were able to stimulate activation of NP, but that this activation is not mediated solely by cytochrome P-450.
Evolution of cost structures in rheumatoid arthritis over the past decade
Authors: Dörte Huscher, Thomas Mittendorf, Ulrich von Hinüber, Ina Kötter, Guido Hoese, Andrea Pfäfflin, Sascha Bischoff, Angela Zink
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

To estimate the changes in direct and indirect costs induced by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in German rheumatology, between 2002 and 2011. To examine the impact of functional status on various cost domains. To compare the direct costs incurred by patients at working age (18-64 years) to patients at an age of retirement (≥65 years).We analysed data from the National Database of the German Collaborative Arthritis Centres with about 3400 patients each year. Costs were calculated using fixed prices as well as annually updated cost factors. Indirect costs were calculated using the human capital as well as the friction cost approaches.There was a considerable increase in direct costs: from €4914 to €8206 in patients aged 18-64, and from €4100 to €6221 in those aged ≥65, attributable to increasing prescription of biologic agents (18-64 years from 5.6% to 31.2%, ≥65 years from 2.8% to 19.2%). This was accompanied by decreasing inpatient treatment expenses and indirect costs due to sick leave and work disability. The total growth of cost, on average, was €2437-2981 for patients at working age, and €2121 for patients at retirement age.The increase in treatment costs for RA over the last decade was associated with lower hospitalisation rates, better functional status and a lower incidence of work disability, offsetting a large proportion of risen drug costs. Since the rise in drug costs has manifested a plateau from 2009 onwards, no relevant further increase in total costs for patients with RA treated in German rheumatology is expected.
Significance of the blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test.
Authors: L S Newman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) is an in vitro measure of the beryllium antigen-specific cell-mediated immune response. This response to beryllium is now understood to play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Although there remain some unresolved methodologic issues with testing, the blood BeLPT has already undergone sufficient development and field assessment to lead to a number of important conclusions: a) The BeLPT identifies beryllium sensitization and CBD earlier and better than any other clinical test presently available. b) The CBD cases identified with the blood test are clinically significant. c) A subset of the people identified by the BeLPT who do not yet have clinical disease will progress and require treatment with corticosteroids for impairing illness. d) The BeLPT can be used to improve clinical diagnostic accuracy and to correct mistaken diagnoses. e) The blood test can be used in screening large numbers of exposed workers because it is sensitive and specific and has high positive and negative predictive value for CBD. f) In every workforce studied to date, the BeLPT has identified beryllium sensitization and CBD that had been missed by conventional screening efforts. g) Worker populations that have been characterized using the BeLPT can help to elucidate the role of exposure genetics and dysregulated inflammation in the genesis of occupational lung disease.
OP0244-PARE Impatients: Discussing agency, empowerment and its impacts on rheumatic patients
Authors: E. Mateus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Patient and family empowerment strategies have increased patients' abilities to manage their disease, adopt healthier behaviours, and use health services more effectively, as well as increasing care-giver coping skills and efficacy (1). However, rheumatic patient's ability to perform self-care practices (2) is frequently threatened by disease flare and disability, both contributing for questioning the patients' power to control their illness and their own lives. <h3>Objectives</h3> This paper aims to explore the concepts of patient agency, empowerment and self-management, also discussing the patients' perspectives on compliance and adherence. It will approach the impacts of self management on well-being, considering illness characteristics, patients' dilemas and family life. <h3>Methods</h3> By reviewing some literature on patients' agency, empowerment and self-management, and illness narratives, this paper proposes a reflection upon patient-centered health care. <h3>Results</h3> Returning to the issue of the impacts of autoimmune diseases on the "self", the sense of conflict between human agency and the disease ethiology can compromise the patient's agency regarding health promoting behaviours and self-management. <h3>References</h3> Wallerstein N (2006). What is the evidence on effectiveness of empowerment to improve health? Copenhagen,WHO Regional Office for Europe (Health Evidence Network report; http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E88086.pdf, accessed 01 February 2006) Cutler, Carol (2003). Assessing patients' perception of self-care agency in Psychiatric Care. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24:199–211. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Host and Vector-dependent Effects on the Risk of Germline Transmission of AAV Vectors
Authors: Patricia Favaro, Harre D Downey, J Shangzhen Zhou, J Fraser Wright, Bernd Hauck, Federico Mingozzi, Katherine A High, Valder R Arruda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

The assessment of the risk of germline transmission of vector-coded sequences is critical for clinical translation of gene transfer strategies. We used rabbit models to analyze the risk of germline transmission of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Intravenous injection of AAV-2 or AAV-8 resulted in liver-mediated, long-term expression of therapeutic levels of human factor IX (hFIX) in a dose-dependent manner. In high-dose cohorts, AAV-8 resulted in twofold higher levels of circulating hFIX and of vector DNA in liver compared to AAV-2. Vector sequences were found in the semen of all rabbits. The kinetics of vector clearance from semen was dose- and time-dependent but serotype-independent. No late recurrence of AAV-8 sequences was found in the semen over several consecutive cycles of spermatogenesis. In a novel rabbit model, AAV-2 or AAV-8 sequences were detected in the semen of vasectomized animals that lack germ cells. Therefore, structures of the genitourinary (GU) tract, as well as the testis, contribute significantly to vector shedding in the semen. Collectively, data from these two models suggest that the risk of inadvertent germline transmission in males by AAV-8 vectors is low, similar to that of AAV-2, and that AAV dissemination to the semen is in part modulated by host-dependent factors.
Despite all odds, NHS staff are happy with their jobs
Authors: Chibuzo Odigwe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A survey by the Commission for Health Improvement (CHI) has found that despite having to work overtime, and having to put up with violence and other stressful conditions at work, most NHS staff are happy with their jobs.

A total of 572 organisations took part in the survey, with 203 911 NHS employees responding to the study questionnaire.

Seventy five per cent of NHS staff reported working overtime, with 12% working more than 10 hours' overtime in an average week. …
280. RANTES and TARC Enhanced the Antitumor Immune Effects of GM-CSF
Authors: Hiroyuki Inoue, Takafumi Nakamura, Meng Xin, Yoshito Beppu, Gaku Sakaguchi, Ryo Kurita, Hidenori Hase, Yukoh Nakazaki, Yoshikazu Yonemitsu, Koichi Takayama, Yoichi Nakanishi, Yusuke Nakamura, Shigetaka Asano, Kenzaburo Tani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Previously we demonstrated the gene transduction of granulocyte- colony stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) gene into murine monocytic leukemia cell line of WEHI3B eliminated the tumorigenesity in vivo.

The rejection process of subcutaneous tumor was as follows; transient tumor growth peaked around 10 day after tumor injection, then the tumors were rejected within a week. We analyzed the gene expression of the transiently established tumor masses by the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method to identify molecules associated with the antitumor effect. We identified that chemokine genes of TARC and RANTES were preferentially expressed in the GM-CSF-transduced tumors and the contribution of the two genes to the regression of GM-CSF-transduced tumors was suggested. To confirm the finding, we observed in vivo tumor formation of WEHI-3B cells transduced with a retroviral vector expressing murine GM- CSF, TARC, RANTES, GM-CSF+TARC or GM-CSF+RANTES, respectively. 1.0x10|[circ]|6|[circ]|cells of each transduced cell group and non- transduced cell group were inoculated subcutaneously into syngeneic mice, female BALB/c (n=20 or 21). Then tumorigenecity and survival rate were observed. Both of the combination of GM-CSF with TARC or RANTES gene transduction profoundly inhibited tumor formation. In addition, the 2 groups demonstrated significantly longer survival than GM-CSF transduced group. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor section at day 10 after inoculation revealed more significant contribution of CD4+ T cells to tumor regression in both of the TARC/GM-CSF and RANTES/ GM-CSF-transduced cell tumors than GM-CSF transduced cell tumors. More CD11c positive cells were observed in RANTES/GM-CSF-transduced cell tumors than GM-CSF transduced cell tumors. To determine the therapeutic effects of tumor vaccines producing GM-CSF and TARC and/or RANTES against established tumor, in vivo mouse experiments are under way.
Regulated genes in psoriatic skin during treatment with fumaric acid esters
Authors: A.J. Onderdijk, D.M.W. Balak, E.M. Baerveldt, E.F. Florencia, M. Kant, J.D. Laman, W.F.J. IJcken, E. Racz, D. Ridder, H.B. Thio, E.P. Prens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) are widely used in Europe for the treatment of psoriasis because of their clinical efficacy and favourable safety profile. However, the mechanisms of action by which FAEs improve psoriasis remain largely unknown.To identify pathways and mechanisms affected by FAE treatment and to compare these with pathways affected by treatment with the antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-α biologic etanercept.In a prospective cohort study, 50 patients with plaque psoriasis were treated with FAEs for 20 weeks. Nine patients were randomly selected for gene expression profiling of plaque biopsies from week 0 and week 12. The groups consisted of FAE responders [> Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)-75 improvement] and nonresponders (< PASI-50 improvement). Changes in gene expression profiles were analysed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and the outcome was compared with gene expression affected by etanercept.Response to FAE treatment was associated with a ≥ 2-fold change (P < 0.05) in the expression of 458 genes. In FAE responders the role of interleukin-17A in the psoriasis pathway was most significantly activated. Glutathione and Nrf2 pathway molecules were specifically induced by FAE treatment and not by etanercept treatment, representing an FAE-specific effect in psoriatic skin. In addition, FAE treatment specifically induced the transcription factors PTTG1, NR3C1, GATA3 and NFκBIZ in responding patients.FAE treatment induces glutathione and Nrf2 pathway genes in lesional skin of patients with psoriasis. In responders, FAEs specifically regulate the transcription factors PTTG1, NR3C1, GATA3 and NFκBIZ, which are important in normal cutaneous development, and the T-helper (Th)2 and Th17 pathways, respectively.
DIFFERENCE OF RUPTURED PLAQUE MORPHOLOGIES BETWEEN NON ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENT: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Kunihiro Shimamura, Yasushi Ino, Kohei Ishibashi, Kenichi Komukai, Takashi Tanimoto, Hironori Kitabata, Hiroko Nakanishi, Keizo Kimura, Kumiko Hirata, Masato Mizukoshi, Toshio Imanishi, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Perinatal Infections and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Very Preterm and Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Elvira O. G. van Vliet, Jorrit F. de Kieviet, Jaap Oosterlaan, Ruurd M. van Elburg
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Perinatal infections are commonly present in preterm and very low-birth-weight (VLWB) infants and might contribute to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.To summarize studies evaluating the effect of perinatal infections on neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm/VLBW infants.On December 12, 2011, we searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Knowledge for studies on infections and neurodevelopmental outcome. All titles and abstracts were assessed for eligibility by 2 independent reviewers. We also screened the reference lists of identified articles to search for additional eligible studies. Preselected criteria justified inclusion in this meta-analysis: (1) the study included infants born very preterm (≤32 weeks) and/or with VLBW (≤1500 g); (2) the study compared infants with and without perinatal infection; (3) there was follow-up using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd edition; and (4) results were published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal. The quality of each included study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.This meta-analysis includes 18 studies encompassing data on 13.755 very preterm/VLBW infants. Very preterm/VLBW infants with perinatal infections had poorer mental (d = -0.25; P < .001) and motor (d = -0.37; P < .001) development compared with very preterm/VLBW infants without infections. Mental development was most impaired by necrotizing enterocolitis (d = -0.40; P < .001) and meningitis (d = -0.37; P < .001). Motor development was most impaired by necrotizing enterocolitis (d = -0.66; P < .001). Chorioamnionitis did not affect mental (d = -0.05; P = .37) or motor (d = 0.19; P = .08) development.Postnatal infections have detrimental effects on mental and motor development in very preterm/VLBW infants.
NHS Confederation chief quits over plans for staffing services for trusts
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Steve Barnett has resigned as chief executive of the NHS Confederation amid serious concerns about the financial stability and ambitions of the organisation and its subsidiary NHS Employers.

Mr Barnett was appointed to head up the NHS Confederation, the body that represents NHS organisations, in February after 10 months as acting chief executive.

The Department of Health—whose contracts provide nearly all the income for NHS Employers, which represents trusts on workforce issues, and around half of the confederation’s income—has asked for reassurance about the organisation’s governance and financial stability.

Offering his resignation, Mr Barnett said that he could not and should not accept responsibility for the “actions or omissions of others,” …
Screening by General Practitioners
Authors: C. L. Potts
Journal: BMJ (1965)

12-20 minutes per visit (including travelling).Few thoughtful patients or conscientious doctors would deny that this is totally inadequate, even as an average, for the prac- tice of good medicine.Dr. Fry and his colleagues have sampled the existing system -the very " soup kitchen service " which I criticized at Swansea.For the sake of our patients and our own standards, may God forbid that future planning is based on this "five-minute medicine."-Iam, etc., East Preston, Sussex.ALAN BuSsEY.SIR,-Without discussion of the value of the idea of payment at the time of consultation by the patient we are dismayed by the introduction of this suggestion into the family-doctor Charter at this time.The National Conference of Local Medical Com- mittees and the Special Representative Meet- ing of the British Medical Association both in June 1965 decided to continue to negoti- ate the Charter, to get it priced, and then to decide whether resignation was necessary to achieve just and reasonable terms and conditions of service.We feel this new move can only complicate and delay matters.We wish to express our full support for
Total ban on landmines is unnecessary
Authors: E. Chaloner, S. Mannion
Journal: BMJ (1997)

See editorial by Nathanson 

Editor—The announcement of a unilateral ban on the use and stockpiling of antipersonnel landmines by the government of the United Kingdom is the culmination of a vigorous media campaign by a coalition of agencies led by the Red Cross. Some media reports, however, have seriously distorted the facts about landmines.

The debate on the international regulation of landmines has been emotional and conducted by people with little firsthand experience. Much of the commentary is ill informed, and wider issues of landmine control have …
Experimental Research as to the Physiological Action of Para-Cresotic Acid
Authors: M. Charteris
Journal: BMJ (1891)

culation is defective, hlis extremities being almost invariably blue and cold.He lhas a tendency to bronchitis in the winter months.Iis limbs, with their bony framework, are short and thick, but there is no absolute distortion except a bowing of the tibite with the convexity forwards.The hands and feet are short and bro(ad, with stumpy fingers and toes.The feet are flat, and tlhe second toe on each foot is smaller than normal and overrides the rest.His skin is universally harsh, dry, an-d resistant, aind Iiis muscles are firm, but not larger than normal.Tliere are no local swellings about the body.11is senses of toucll, sighit, and hlearing, so far as can be ascertained.are normn-al, thouglh perception is distinctly re- tardedl.lie hias occasionally suffered fromn slight huemor- Thages from the bowels, and once, wvhlen he had two teeth drawin, lie bled consi(derably.Ilis tendoni reactions and superficial reflexes are active.He lhas never had con- vulsions.D. 13., ad( re a G vers anid 3 montlhs, is 33 inches in heiglit
Complication Following Fracture-dislocation of Hip
Authors: D. W. M. Haw
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Apart from simple dressings to ulcerated lesions, no treatment, such as supportive bandages, was used while the antituberculous therapy was given. SummaryTwelve cases of nodular or ulcerative eruptions on the lower legs which showed evidence of tuberculosis are described.Reasons for misdiagnosis are discussed.The occurrence of erythema induratum (Bazin) in Britain and the incidence in older patients are emphasized.