tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Rheumatology
Authors: J R Jenner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

found granular, globular, or spindle shaped deposits in the joint capsule, synovial membrane, and/or extra-articular tissue.The material was located extracellularly and/or in macrophages and the synovial lining cells.Occasional deposits were found within blood vessels and lymphatics, in the vessel wall, or perivascularly.The material showed negative reaction for amyloid, calcium, iron, and urate.Being often strongly basophilic, it resembled the haema- toxylin bodies found in systemic lupus erythematosus.Although it showed a negative reaction with ethidium bromide, its nuclear origin cannot be excluded since the binding sites of DNA could be denatured or masked by the nuclear antibodies.We found a positive correlation between the presence of these deposits and the intensity of the arthritis.Since the arthritis often began without deposits, and an association between them was found only in a proportion of joints, we concluded that the deposits do not have a causal role in the arthritis, but enhance it.
Synoviorthesis with erbium-169: a double-blind controlled comparison of erbium-169 with corticosteroid.
Authors: J M Gumpel, S A Matthews, M Fisher
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Intra-articular injections of erbium--169 citrate and methylprednisolone acetate in hand joints were compared in a randomly selected double-blind trial. The patients included 21 with rheumatoid arthritis and 3 with psoriatic arthritis, and the design was an intrapatient comparison. No difference between joints treated with the radioisotope or steroid was observed in the year following injection.
Expression of complement proteins C2 and factor B in transfected L cells.
Authors: D H Perlmutter, H R Colten, D Grossberger, J Strominger, J G Seidman, D D Chaplin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Factor B and C2 are structurally and functionally similar complement proteins encoded by genes that are closely linked within the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In this study, restriction endonuclease digestion of cosmid DNAs isolated from an H-2d murine genomic library indicated that the chromosomal organization of these two genes was similar in mouse to that in man. To further characterize their expression, cosmid DNAs encoding human and murine factor B and C2 were introduced into mouse L cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Factor B expression was demonstrated in cells transfected with either the human or the murine gene, but not in cells transfected with a control plasmid. Synthesis and secretion of factor B by L cells transfected with the human and murine cosmids was similar to that of human and murine cells in primary culture. An interspecies variation between human and murine factor B was identified and reproduced with extraordinary fidelity by the mouse fibroblast. In contrast, C2 RNA and protein were expressed by L cells alone and by L cells transfected with a control plasmid, as well as by L cells transfected with cosmids encoding human and murine complement genes. Expression of the transferred human C2 gene was demonstrated by the presence of a new distinct C2 RNA transcript and secretion of biologically active human C2. These results demonstrate the similarity of organization of the murine and human class III MHC regions. Expression of the two closely linked gene products, C2 and factor B, after DNA-mediated gene transfer provides a system for further analysis of regulation in both normal and deficient states.
Histamine H1 receptor antagonists inhibit autoregulation of renal blood flow in the dog.
Authors: R O Banks, E W Inscho, E D Jacobson
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are present in the canine renal circulation. We have examined the effects of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists on autoregulation of renal blood flow in the dog. Renal arterial pressure was reduced in a step-wise fashion to 80 mm Hg by means of an adjustable aortic clamp positioned above the left renal artery. Infusion of H2 antagonists, cimetidine or ranitidine, into the left renal artery at 10(-5) mol/min had no effect on autoregulation of renal blood flow or on the reactive hyperemia that occurred when the aortic constriction was released. By contrast, intrarenal infusion of 10(-5) mol/min chlorpheniramine, an H1 receptor antagonist, reversibly attenuated reactive hyperemia and the ability of the kidney to autoregulate renal blood flow. Similar results were obtained with other, chemically dissimilar H1 antagonists (terfenadine, diphenhydramine, and pyrilamine). The effects of chlorpheniramine on autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate also were evaluated. Before chlorpheniramine was infused (at 10(-5) mol/min), the reduction of renal arterial pressure to 90 mm Hg had no effect on the glomerular filtration rate, whereas, during infusion of the H1 antagonist, the glomerular filtration rate fell significantly when renal arterial pressure was reduced to 90 mm Hg. Infusion of histamine (1 microgram/kg per min) with increasing amounts of cimetidine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, or pyrilamine resulted in virtually identical dose-dependent decreases in histamine-induced renal vasodilation. However, even with 10(-5) mol/min cimetidine or 10(-5) mol/min chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, or pyrilamine, a significant histamine-induced renal vasodilation was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, A1, and A2 on the resistance and capacitance vessels in the hind limb of the dog
Authors: J. CONWAY, R. HATTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

The responses to four prostaglandins E1, E2, A1 and A2 have been studied after intra-arterial injection into the hind limb of the anaesthetized dog, perfused at constant flow. The regression lines of resistance vessel response to dose gave a potency ratio relative to PGEi of 0.42 for PGE2 and 0.06 for PGA2. The relative potency of PGA2 to PGA1 was 0.36. All compounds dilated capacitance vessels. For a given degree of arterial dilatation the capacitance effect of the PGA series was significantly greater than that of PGE1 or PGE2 and all the prostaglandins produced a greater effect on capacitance vessels than did nitroglycerine. These findings indicate the importance of the capacitance changes to the haemodynamic response produced by the prostaglandins.
Evidence based case report: Chlamydia infection in general practice
Authors: N R Hicks, M Dawes, M Fleminger, D Goldman, J Hamling, L J Hicks
Journal: BMJ (1999)

How common is chlamydia infection, and who should be investigated and treated for it? Is the net benefit of investigation worth the cost? At a recent discussion in our general practice it soon became apparent that our views and practices varied widely. Was there any evidence to help us reach a consensus? We resolved to try and find out.

#### Summary points

Ms A, a 20 year old secretary, was worried because she had had vaginal discharge and irritation for three days. The discharge was slight, clear, watery, and non-offensive, and she had no abnormal vaginal bleeding. Ms A had changed her sexual partner two months previously. Soon after this she had contracted genital thrush, which responded to topical clotrimazole. She uses a combined contraceptive pill and does not use condoms. Ms A has no other sexual partners, and thinks it unlikely her partner has. However, she has little knowledge of his previous sexual history.

The only noteworthy finding at vaginal examination was that Ms A's cervix bled easily when swabbed. A high vaginal swab was taken from the posterior fornix, and two swabs were taken from the endocervix and the urethra—a …
Potential role of stress and sensitization in the development and expression of multiple chemical sensitivity.
Authors: B A Sorg, B M Prasad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Chemical sensitivity in humans may be an acquired disorder in which individuals become increasingly sensitive to chemicals in the environment. It is hypothesized that in individuals with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), a sensitization process has occurred that is akin to behavioral sensitization and kindling observed in rodents. In the rodent sensitization model, repeated exposure to stress or drugs of abuse enhances behavioral and neurochemical responses to subsequent stimuli (stress or drugs of abuse). Kindling is a form of sensitization in which repeated application of electrical stimuli applied to the brain at low levels culminates in the induction of full-blown seizures when the same stimulus is applied at a later time. A similar sensitization of specific limbic pathways in the brain may occur in individuals with MCS. The time-dependent nature of sensitization and kindling and the role of stress in the development of sensitization are discussed in the context of rodent models, with an emphasis on application of these models to human studies of MCS.
Grand Challenges in Global Health: Ethical, Social, and Cultural Issues Based on Key Informant Perspectives
Authors: Kathryn Berndtson, Tina Daid, C. Shawn Tracy, Anant Bhan, Emma R. M Cohen, Ross E. G Upshur, Jerome A Singh, Abdallah S Daar, James V Lavery, Peter A Singer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

The Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the
On the origin of the liver
Authors: Joshua R. Friedman, Klaus H. Kaestner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

While it has been well established that the fetal liver originates from foregut endoderm, the identity of the mechanisms that maintain liver mass under both basal and injury conditions remains controversial. Dramatically different models have been proposed based on the experimental design employed. In this issue of the JCI, Malato and colleagues report their elegant new model for genetic lineage tracing of mature mouse hepatocytes using an adenoassociated virus-driven Cre recombinase. They show convincingly that maintenance of liver mass during normal turnover or in response to mild injury is achieved by mature hepatocytes, rather than cholangiocytes or specialized progenitor cells, as has been suggested by others.
Antidiarrhoeal drugs for acute diarrhoea in children.
Authors: S. S. Tachakra, M. H. Mitchell, S. M. Robinson, N. Hunt, V. Bhardwaj
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and appreciable fatality rate from, diarrhoeal disease.Moreover, continuing an active promotional programme for oral rehydration therapy rather than antidiarrhoeal agents will have useful benefits: domestic and national costs will be reduced and lives saved.
ARN-509: A Novel Antiandrogen for Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Nicola J. Clegg, John Wongvipat, James D. Joseph, Chris Tran, Samedy Ouk, Anna Dilhas, Yu Chen, Kate Grillot, Eric D. Bischoff, Ling Cai, Anna Aparicio, Steven Dorow, Vivek Arora, Gang Shao, Jing Qian, Hong Zhao, Guangbin Yang, Chunyan Cao, John Sensintaffar, Teresa Wasielewska, Mark R. Herbert, Celine Bonnefous, Beatrice Darimont, Howard I. Scher, Peter Smith-Jones, Mark Klang, Nicholas D. Smith, Elisa De Stanchina, Nian Wu, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Peter J. Rix, Richard A. Heyman, Michael E. Jung, Charles L. Sawyers, Jeffrey H. Hager
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Continued reliance on the androgen receptor (AR) is now understood as a core mechanism in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the most advanced form of this disease. While established and novel AR pathway–targeting agents display clinical efficacy in metastatic CRPC, dose-limiting side effects remain problematic for all current agents. In this study, we report the discovery and development of ARN-509, a competitive AR inhibitor that is fully antagonistic to AR overexpression, a common and important feature of CRPC. ARN-509 was optimized for inhibition of AR transcriptional activity and prostate cancer cell proliferation, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo efficacy. In contrast to bicalutamide, ARN-509 lacked significant agonist activity in preclinical models of CRPC. Moreover, ARN-509 lacked inducing activity for AR nuclear localization or DNA binding. In a clinically valid murine xenograft model of human CRPC, ARN-509 showed greater efficacy than MDV3100. Maximal therapeutic response in this model was achieved at 30 mg/kg/d of ARN-509, whereas the same response required 100 mg/kg/d of MDV3100 and higher steady-state plasma concentrations. Thus, ARN-509 exhibits characteristics predicting a higher therapeutic index with a greater potential to reach maximally efficacious doses in man than current AR antagonists. Our findings offer preclinical proof of principle for ARN-509 as a promising therapeutic in both castration-sensitive and castration-resistant forms of prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 72(6); 1494–503. ©2012 AACR.
Current cancer concepts. Comment: the effect of delay in treatment on prognosis
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Common sense and experience would dictate that delay in treatment would worsen the prognosis. Nevertheless, one of the underlying currents in the literature is that treatment has little effect on the ultimate survival in the patients with breast cancer. In fact, statistics can be quoted to support the view that delay in treatment may actually improve prognosis. This contradicts the axiom that early diagnosis and early treatment result in better cure rates. Let us examine the evidence. The first discordant note was sounded in 1932 by Lewis and Reinhoff<sup>19</sup>who noted that the average length of survival after operation increased with the delay prior to surgery. This conclusion becomes even more remarkable when one notes that survival rates and the average duration of survival are calculated from the date of surgery rather than from the onset of symptoms (Table 5). For delays of more than three years the survival
Characterization of the ligand(s) responsible for negative selection of V beta 11- and V beta 12-expressing T cells: effects of a new Mls determinant.
Authors: M S Vacchio, J J Ryan, R J Hodes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

During T cell development, events occur that result in the generation of a T cell population capable of recognizing foreign antigens in association with self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products. However, selective events also occur during thymic education that result in the deletion of T cells expressing alpha/beta T cell receptors with high affinity for self determinants alone, i.e., potentially self-reactive T cells. Both MHC- and non-MHC-encoded self antigens appear to play critical roles in this negative selection of self-reactive T cells. We recently observed that T cells expressing V beta 5, V beta 11, V beta 12, or V beta 16 products are deleted in most strains of H-2k type, but not in congenic H-2b strains. In contrast, the H-2k strain C58/J deleted V beta 5+ and V beta 16+ T cells, but failed to delete T cells expressing V beta 11 or V beta 12. Based upon this observation, in the present study we have analyzed the genetic regulation of the ligands responsible for deletion of V beta 11- and V beta 12-expressing T cells, and have tested the possibility that these ligands can function as strong alloantigens analogous to the known minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mls)- and MHC-encoded antigens. Two major findings have resulted from these studies. First, the ligands recognized by V beta 11+ and V beta 12+ T cells were regulated by both MHC- and multiple non-MHC-encoded genes. Correlation between expression of these two V beta s in backcross animals suggested that shared, though not necessarily identical, ligands mediate deletion of V beta 11- and V beta 12-expressing T cells. Second, the ligand for deletion of V beta 11- and V beta 12-expressing T cells functions as a newly defined Mls alloantigen that stimulates primary proliferative responses in T cell populations from mice that express V beta 11+ and V beta 12+ T cells.
Present-Day Concepts of Shock
Authors: Howard A. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THIS review of recent progress in the understanding of traumatic shock covers the period of accelerated investigation stimulated by World War II.‡ This period is notable for the many precise observations of injured men. Amplifying these observations are a host of experimental studies, some producing the kinds of injury seen clinically, and others dealing with isolated components of the clinical syndrome. This report is given largely in terms of clinical observations of shock due to injury and blood loss, sepsis and myocardial infarction. Shock primarily due to loss of sodium and water is considered better dealt with in a more . . .
Antibiotic Use Tracking
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Power of Unbiased Observation
Authors: Alfred Coodley
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  I must take the devil's advocate position in response to Dr. Danilevicius's editorial on The Power of Unbiased Observation (231:966,1975). There is no question that many of us are inclined to form opinion before we have  the facts. But is that not what any sharp clinician tends to do and should be doing to increase his clinical acumen?  After  the facts are in, most diagnoses are fairly readily made. But we don't always have the capacity or opportunity to have all the facts. Is not every clinical pathological conference based on opinions drawn from early material that may or may not be supported or discarded by subsequent material? And what if the doctor who makes a simple diagnosis of lipoma in the neck is actually overlooking Hodgkin disease?  I would agree that fantasy has no place in the precise science of medicine, but a tentative
Drawing the Lines for the Debate on Competition
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The Reagan administration, remarkably successful in its efforts to cut the fiscal 1982 federal health budget, is now moving to design a "pro-competition" health proposal. Although the process has barely begun, the prime goals of the exercise seem clear: to make price a supreme consideration in the purchase of medical care, to place the provider at financial risk for his or her medical actions and, perhaps above all, to control future federal expenditures for health services. Of the administration's intention to draft a pro-competition bill there is no doubt. Of its prospects for transforming a $240-billion industry along competitive lines, . . .
The Brighton resuscitation ambulances: review of 40 consecutive survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Authors: A F Mackintoch, M E Crabb, R Granger, J H Williams, D A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In three years 40 patients were resuscitated by ambulancemen after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survived to be discharged. Twenty-six of these had had circulatory arrest before an ambulance arrived and a further three had developed ventricular fibrillation before they were moved. Thirty-two patients were alive at the time of review six months to three and a half years later. Resuscitation by ambulancemen can be effective for patients with unheralded sudden cardiac arrest as well as for patients with recent myocardial infarction. Survivors of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation may have a favourable long-term prognosis.
Clinical Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Robertoura Segura
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book represents a real effort in reviewing a great many references pertaining to all aspects of pain. It is written by two physical therapists with short contributions by three physicians on the history of electricityicine, psychologic aspecas-ppectsment, and the therapeutic value of postoperative transcutaneous electrical nerve ectrical nerve stimulation. It is indeed quite thorough, although too complex and lengthy to be an easy reference for the average clinician and aims at covering too many areas. The chapter on neurophysiologic mechanisms of pain is good, although not detailed enough teugh on the action of endorphins.tion chapter shows the importance of judgment in applying TENS in conjunction with other modalities and emphasizes TENS as an adjunct and not a cure. The chapters on TENS choices and modes of application as well as the descripthe descriptcement are excellent. Also well write wen sre chapter on follow-uppatients. Unfortunately, the book covers too many
Locus of Control Orientation in Panic Disorder and the Differential Effects of Treatment
Authors: Abraham Bakker, Philip Spinhoven, A.J. Willem van der Does, Anton J.L.M. van Balkom, Richard van Dyck
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; In this study the effects of treatment with cognitive therapy, antidepressants or pill-placebo on the locus of control orientation in panic disorder patients were analysed, as well as the relation of this panic locus of control with panic frequency and cognitive measures of panic. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A Multidimensional Anxiety Locus of Control scale (MALC) was developed and completed with other measures (ACQ and BSQ) before and after treatment. Patients also kept a panic diary. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Four subscales were derived from the MALC: one Internal, and three external (a Chance, a Medication, and a Therapist) locus of anxiety control orientation scales. Cognitive therapy was superior over pill-placebo on most outcome measures whereas antidepressants were only superior in reducing the number of panic attacks. Treatment with cognitive therapy resulted in an increase of ‘internal’ anxiety control orientation and a decrease of ‘chance’ and ‘medication’ orientation, in comparison with antidepressant therapy. The residualized gain scores on the MALC subscales correlated with clinical improvement in subjects treated with cognitive therapy only. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Results suggest that the locus of control orientation is important in evaluating the differential effects of treatments in panic disorder. A differential effect on panic locus of control in favor of cognitive therapy in comparison to medication was found.