tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Automatic Actuation of a Dry Powder Inhaler into a Nonelectrostatic Spacer
Authors: HANS BISGAARD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

This article describes a new "automatic spacer" device, which has been developed to improve the delivery of inhaled medication to young children. In the device, a dry powder inhaler (DPI) is mechanically actuated into a nonelectrostatic spacer, producing an aerosol cloud of fine drug particles (aerodynamic diameter, < 4.7 microm) with a long half-life. The new device combines the principal advantages of the conventional spacer and the DPI. It has the potential to provide a high ratio between lung dose and pharyngeal dose, without need for coordination or forced inhalation, and it avoids exposure of the patient to the additives and propellants used in pressurized metered dose inhalers. Studies with the prototype device show a high yield of fine drug particles in the aerosol (mass median aerodynamic diameter, 2.8 microm), a high repeatability of drug delivery owing to the mechanical nature of the actuation (relative standard deviation, 12%), and a prolonged residence time of the fine particle aerosol (half-life of the fallout of the fine particles, 82 s). These features should prove advantageous in the treatment of young children with inhaled medication.
Resolution of a Photopenic Lesion on Bone Imaging Following Chemotherapy for Metastatic Disease
Authors: JOEL M. ROSEN, WILLIAM W. MacLAUGHLIN, ROBERT M. JAFFE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Resolution of abnormal foci of increased radiotracer deposition on bone imaging occurs commonly. Photopenic areas due to avascular necrosis and infarcts have been reported to resolve. This report describes serial changes in a photopenic lesion due to metastatic disease and demonstrates that such lesions can resolve following chemotherapy.
Changes in type IV collagen content in livers of patients with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Mikihiro Tsutsumi, Sachio Urashima, Yoshiro Matsuda, Shujiro Takase, Akira Takada
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

An increase of serum type IV collagen levels in patients with liver disease has been reported; however, the mechanisms of this increase are not yet well known. We recently developed an assay system for type IV collagen content in liver biopsy specimens. In this study, type IV collagen content in the livers and sera of patients with alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease was determined. Serum and hepatic type IV collagen contents were measured with a one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay system using monoclonal antibodies for human type IV collagen. Hepatic type IV collagen content increased significantly in liver disease. In alcoholic liver disease, type IV collagen content in patients with mild fibrosis was lower than that in advanced types of alcoholic liver disease. In nonalcoholic liver disease, hepatic type IV collagen content tended to increase with the progression of fibrosis. Type IV collagen content in alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher than that in the corresponding type of nonalcoholic liver disease. Hepatic total collagen content increased significantly in parallel with the progression of fibrosis in both alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease. The total collagen content in each type of alcoholic liver disease was significantly lower than that in the corresponding type of nonalcoholic liver disease. The ratio of type IV collagen to total collagen content was the highest in livers showing mild fibrosis, both in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease, and decreased in parallel with the progression of fibrosis. The ratio in patients with alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher than that in those with the corresponding nonalcoholic liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute serum amyloid A regulates cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell matrix interactions and promotes cell migration in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M. Connolly, D. J. Veale, U. Fearon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Serum amyloid A (A-SAA) is an acute-phase protein with cytokine-like properties implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atherosclerosis, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. This study characterises the mechanism of A-SAA-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement and migration in synovial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells (human dermal endothelial cells; HDEC).Immunohistology and immunofluorescence were used to examine αvβ3 and β1-integrins, filamentous actin (F-actin) and focal adhesion expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue (RAST) and rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast cells (RASFC). A-SAA-induced αvβ3 and β1-integrin binding was measured by adhesion assay. Cytoskeletal rearrangement and ρ-GTPase activation following A-SAA stimulation was examined using dual immunofluorescent staining for F-actin/vinculin staining, pull down assays and immunoblotting for Cdc42 and RhoA. Cell growth, invasion/migration, angiogenesis and actin formation were examined in the presence or absence of specific Rac1 and Cdc42 inhibitors (NSC23766 and 187-1).αvβ3, β1-integrin and F-actin predominantly localised to vascular endothelium and lining layer cells in RAST, compared with osteoarthritis and normal control synovial tissue. A-SAA significantly increased αvβ3 and β1 binding in RASFC. A-SAA induced cytoskeletal disassembly, loss of focal adhesions and filopodia formation in RASFC and HDEC. A-SAA significantly induced Cdc42 activation but failed to promote RhoA activation in HDEC and synovial fibroblast cells. Blockade of Rac-1 and Cdc42 inhibited A-SAA-induced cell growth, invasion/migration, actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and angiogenesis.These data show a novel mechanism for A-SAA-induced cell migrational events in RA mediated via cytoskeletal signalling pathways.
THE ROENTGEN DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIAC ANEURYSMS
Authors: DAVID STEEL
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Aneurysmal dilatation of the heart is by no means a rare lesion pathologically. The signs are so indefinite that relatively few cases have been recognized clinically. A still smaller number have been recognized roentgenologically, because they often do not produce any change in the silhouette. However, the silhouette is pathognomonic when well marked, and it would appear that with care a greater percentage could be diagnosed, or at least suspected, when the changes are minimal. The earliest reports include an aneurysm of the right auricle by the Dane Olaus Borrich in 1676, one of the right ventricle by the Frenchman Pierre Dionis in Paris in 1696, and one of the left ventricle by the Italian Dominic Galeati in 1757. Since these cases, many have been reported. Usually the lesion is single, but several aneurysms can be present in one patient, as, for instance, the case reported by Fujinami in 1900
Vitreoretinal Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Ingrid U. Scott, William E. Smiddy, Arie Merikansky, William Feuer
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)

The authors evaluated the impact of vitreoretinal surgery for epiretinal membrane (ERM), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), and complex retinal detachment (CRD) on bilateral visual function.Anatomic and visual acuity outcomes were reviewed by the authors for all patients who underwent surgery for ERM, RRD, or CRD during a 2-year period. Several outcome measures of bilateral visual function were applied to quantitate the impact of surgery on bilateral visual function. Data were also analyzed by subdividing patients into two cohorts based on whether vision in the fellow eye was normal (visual acuity > or = 20/40) or abnormal (visual acuity < or = 20/50) at baseline.Anatomic and visual acuity outcomes of 187 study eyes were similar to previous studies. Postoperatively, the study eye was the eye with better vision in 30.9%, 26.8%, and 16.7% of patients with ERM, RRD, and CRD, respectively. The mean bilateral visual impairment according to American Medical Association Guidelines for Disability decreased postoperatively by 8.7% points, 6.8% points, and 3.6% points, respectively, and decreased most when vision in the fellow eye was abnormal. A higher bilateral visual system functional level resulted postoperatively in 10.7% of all patients, including 28.6% of patients with abnormal vision in the fellow eye (by definition, the visual system functional level of patients with normal vision in the fellow eye could not be improved).Surgery was associated with a reduction in bilateral visual disability among patients with ERM, RRD, and CRD, and 28.6% of patients with abnormal vision in the fellow eye achieved a higher bilateral visual functional level.
Splenic Cyst
Authors: Hyman Duby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

CYSTS of the spleen present the rarest forms of cystic disease in abdominal organs. The first case of cystic tumor of the spleen was reported by Andral in 1829. Over the period of a hundred and fourteen years since that time only 163 cases have been published in the medical literature, the last review being that of Harmer and Chalmers.1 Since the case presented below was of the false type of hemorrhagic cyst, it is interesting to note that Denneen2 mentions that from 1904 to 1942 there were only 8 cases of splenic cyst at Bellevue Hospital, none of the . . .
Recovery of left ventricular function after coronary thrombolysis is predicted by rapid changes in both creatine kinase MM isoforms and ST segments
Authors: Donatella Ferrini, Marcello Galvani, Filippo Ottani, Ottorino tapano, Franco Rusticali, Paul R. Eisenberg, Dana R. Abendsche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Role of cytochrome P-450 and related enzymes in the pulmonary metabolism of xenobiotics.
Authors: R M Philpot, B R Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The lung metabolizes a wide variety of xenobiotics and, in the process, forms products that may be more or less toxic than the parent compound. The consequence of metabolism, activation or detoxication, is a function of the nature of the substrate and of the characteristics and concentrations of the enzymes involved. As a result, the biotransformation of xenobiotics can lead to their excretion or to the formation of reactive products that produce deleterious effects by binding covalently to tissue macromolecules. Among the enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics, those associated with the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system are probably the most important. The route by which a given substrate is metabolized in a tissue or cell is, to a great extent, determined by the types and concentrations of cytochrome P-450 isozymes present. We are just beginning to understand the distribution of these enzymes in lung and to appreciate the species and cellular differences that exist.
Cytomegalovirus Esophagitis During Chemotherapy in Patients with Esophageal Cancer; a Report of Three Cases
Authors: K. Umemoto, Y. Kojima, J. Akiyama, Y. Nozaki, N. Nagata, T. Sakurai, C. Yokoi, M. Kobayakawa, M. Yanase
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Changes in the Character and Location of Arterial Lesions in Mammals and Birds in the Philadelphia Zoological Garden
Authors: H. L. RATCLIFFE, T. G. YERASIMIDES, G. A. ELLIOTT
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Improved nutrition for mammals and birds at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden has been followed by continued increases in the frequency of arteriosclerosis and by changes in the character and location of the lesions. During the first decade after diets were improved the large atheromata of the proximal aorta and brachiocephalic arteries of birds were replaced by smaller, more compact lesions, usually of the abdominal aorta. At the same time many species of mammals developed atheromata of the aorta, whereas earlier these lesions had been found chiefly in baboons and monkeys (Cercopithecidae). During the second decade of adequate nutrition, and especially since 1950, arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries has become relatively common in both mammals and birds. Usually this lesion has developed in the distal, intramural segments of the coronary arteries, as intimal thickening and occlusion. Most frequently it has been associated with myocardial fibrosis, but it also has led to myocardial infarction and sudden death in both mammals and birds. Present evidence suggests that this lesion reflects a response of adequately nourished animals to population densities.
Bortezomib induces DNA hypomethylation and silenced gene transcription by interfering with Sp1/NF-κB–dependent DNA methyltransferase activity in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shujun Liu, Zhongfa Liu, Zhiliang Xie, Jiuxia Pang, Jianhua Yu, Esther Lehmann, Lenguyen Huynh, Tamara Vukosavljevic, Mitsui Takeki, Rebecca B. Klisovic, Robert A. Baiocchi, William Blum, Pierluigi Porcu, Ramiro Garzon, John C. Byrd, Danilo Perrotti, Michael A. Caligiuri, Kenneth K. Chan, Lai-Chu Wu, Guido Marcucci
Journal: Blood (2007)
NOD2 triggers an interleukin-32–dependent human dendritic cell program in leprosy
Authors: Mirjam Schenk, Stephan R Krutzik, Peter A Sieling, Delphine J Lee, Rosane M B Teles, Maria Teresa Ochoa, Evangelia Komisopoulou, Euzenir N Sarno, Thomas H Rea, Thomas G Graeber, Soohyun Kim, Genhong Cheng, Robert L Modlin
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Trial Evidence and Approval of Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Allan M. Green, Lee S. Simon
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FETAL CALF SERUM AS CAUSE OF FALSE POSITIVE AMNIOTIC FLUID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE GEL TESTS
Authors: DavidJ.H. Brock, RobertD. Barlow, NicholasJ. Wald, A.D. Smith, J.E. Haddow, Christina Goldfine, Mary Holman
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
First US SARS trial launches
Authors: Marilynn Larkin
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2005)

Researchers at the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have launched a trial to test the safety of a preventive vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The DNA vaccine, which encodes the spike glycoprotein of the SARS coronavirus, induces both a neutralising antibody response and "very good T-cell immunity", says Gary Nabel, director of the NIAID Vaccine Research Center in Bethesda, MD. Ten healthy volunteers will receive the vaccine, and researchers will do periodic follow-up examinations over 6 months.
591. Transfection Efficiency of Monomolecular DNA Nanoparticles Formulated with New Perfluorinated Polycationic Dimerizable Detergents
Authors: Karine Fabio, Christophe Di Giorgio, Pierre Vierling
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gene transfer mediated with synthetic viruses requires formulation of very small-sized nanoparticles (monomolecular DNA condensation), and efficient and specific transfection which implies rapid escape from endosomes and nuclear penetration. Stable DNA monomolecular condensation into nanoparticles of 35 nm has been achieved with dimerizable dicationic thiol detergents based on ornithine1. However, these nanoparticles were poor transfection agents, owing to their negative surface charge. In order to circumvent this drawback, we investigated the development of dimerizable polycationic detergents that condense DNA into stable monomolecular DNA nanoparticles with a net cationic surface charge. The challenge is to design a detergent with a cmc high enough for the monomer to perform monomolecular DNA condensation and low enough for the dimer to form stable cationic nanoparticles that transfect cells. Aiming at these goals, we designed and developed spermine-based polycationic perfluorinated dimerizable thiol detergents. Spermine was selected for the remarkable transfection properties of spermine-derived lipids which are related to its buffering capacity of the endosomes/lysosomes, thus enhancing DNA cytoplasmic delivery. To counterbalance the hydrophilic character of spermine and to decrease the cmc of the detergent , we increased its hydrophobic character by using fluorinated chains. Moreover, one could benefit from the lipophobic and hydrophobic characteristics of these chains which confer to fluorinated lipoplexes (i.e. lipoplexes formulated with fluorinated (poly)cationic or helper lipids) transfection properties that were more powerful than those of conventional lipoplexes or PEI polyplexes2.
Management of Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Ilan Shimon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Management of pituitary tumors has improved in the past decade since the introduction of novel therapeutic agents.As a result, several treatment options are now available. Dopamine agonists are the preferred treatment for both symptomatic microprolactinomas and macroprolactinomas; these drugs result in normalization of hormone levels and tumor shrinkage in most treated patients. New formulations (such as cabergoline and parenteral bromocriptine) with prolonged duration of action offer improved compliance with treatment and cure rates. For acromegaly and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-secreting, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting, and nonfunctional adenomas, surgery often results in cure. Octreotide and the long-acting, slow-release somatostatin analogues are effective medical alternatives to or adjuvants for transsphenoidal surgery in patients with growth hormone-secreting and TSH-secreting tumors. No drug treatment is available for symptomatic nonfunctional tumors, and patients with ACTH-secreting adenomas may benefit from cortisol-lowering drugs after surgical failure. Pituitary irradiation may be required after surgery for ACTH-secreting, TSH-secreting, and nonfunctioning tumors; it is less commonly required for acromegaly. Although many pituitary tumors are successfully resected, functional adenomas may not be cured by surgery. As more-effective drugs are introduced for the management of pituitary tumors, more patients with hormone-secreting adenomas are being successfully treated medically.
Comparison of Insulin Aspart With Buffered Regular Insulin and Insulin Lispro in Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Bruce Bode, Richard Weinstein, David Bell, Janet McGill, Daniel Nadeau, Philip Raskin, Jaime Davidson, Robert Henry, Won-Chin Huang, Rickey R. Reinhardt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To compare the safety and efficacy of insulin aspart (IAsp), buffered regular insulin (BR), and insulin lispro administered by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—After completing a 4-week run-in period with BR, 146 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (with pretrial CSII experience) were randomly assigned (2:2:1) to CSII treatment with IAsp, BR, or lispro for 16 weeks in a multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study. Bolus insulin doses were administered 30 min before meals (BR) or immediately before meals (IAsp or lispro). RESULTS—Treatment groups had similar baseline HbA1c (7.3% ±0.7 for IAsp, 7.5% ±0.8 for BR, and 7.3% ±0.7 for lispro). After 16 weeks of treatment, HbA1c values were relatively unchanged from baseline, and the mean changes in baseline HbA1c values were not significantly different between the three groups (0.00 ±0.51, 0.15 ±0.63, and 0.18 ±0.84 for the IAsp, BR, and lispro groups, respectively). The rates of hypoglycemic episodes (blood glucose &amp;lt;50 mg/dl) per patient per month were similar (3.7, 4.8, and 4.4 for the IAsp, BR, and lispro groups, respectively). Clogs/blockages in pumps or infusion sets were infrequent; most subjects (76, 83, and 75% in the IAsp, BR, and lispro groups, respectively) had ≤1 clog or blockage per 4 weeks during the trial. CONCLUSIONS—Insulin aspart in CSII was as efficacious and well tolerated as BR and lispro and is a suitable insulin for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using external pumps.
Patients won't be the winners
Authors: J. Ryan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I can see several potential winners if this category of somatic symptom disorder is accepted.1

Firstly, the manufacturers of “mood stabilisers,” antidepressants, and so on, which are already aggressively marketed to treat physical pain from neurological ailments, arthritis, and traumatic injuries, and pain allegedly caused by depression. There will scarcely …
Hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 activity in nondiabetic patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Naga Chalasani, Christopher J. Gorski, Maleeha S. Asghar, Ali Asghar, Brian Foresman, Stephen D. Hall, David W. Crabb
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in animal models, but its role in the pathogenesis of human NASH is unclear. Therefore, we measured hepatic CYP2E1 activity and its correlates in a cohort of nondiabetic patients with NASH (NDN) and controls to explore its role in the pathogenesis of human NASH. Hepatic CYP2E1 activity was assessed using the oral clearance (CL PO ) of chlorzoxazone (CHZ) in 20 NDN and 17 age, gender, and body mass index (BMI)–matched controls. The relationship between hepatic CYP2E1 activity and demographic and anthropometric variables; fasting levels of insulin, glucose, lipids, and β–OH butyrate; insulin resistance; and nocturnal hypoxemia was assessed. Furthermore, expression of CYP2E1 in the peripheral lymphocytes was assessed using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). The CL PO of CHZ was significantly ( P = .03) greater in NDN (41 ± 12 L/h) compared with controls (33 ± 16 L/h). Lymphocyte CYP2E1 messenger RNA was significantly higher in NDN compared with controls (11.5 × 10 3 ± 10 × 10 3 vs. 2.6 × 10 3 ± 1.2 × 10 3 molecules/μg total RNA, respectively, P &lt; .001). On univariate analysis, BMI, respiratory quotient, high–density lipoprotein, triglycerides, insulin, insulin resistance, hypoxemia, and β–OH butyrate significantly correlated with hepatic CYP2E1 activity. However, on stepwise regression analysis, only nocturnal hypoxemia ( r = 0.50, P = .009) and β–OH butyrate ( r = 0.37, P = .04) were independent predictors of hepatic CYP2E1 activity. In conclusion, hepatic CYP2E1 activity and lymphocyte CYP2E1 expression are enhanced in NDN. The significant correlations noted between CYP2E1 and hypoxemia and β–OH butyrate suggest that these factors play a role in increased CYP2E1 activity that is seen in patients with NASH.