tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ronnier J. Aviles, David O. Martin, Carolyn Apperson-Hansen, Penny L. Houghtaling, Pentti Rautaharju, Richard A. Kronmal, Russell P. Tracy, David R. Van Wagoner, Bruce M. Psaty, Michael S. Lauer, Mina K. Chung
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The presence of systemic inflammation determined by elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The relationship between CRP and prediction of AF has not been studied in a large population-based cohort.CRP measurement and cardiovascular assessment were performed at baseline in 5806 subjects enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Patients were followed up for a mean of 6.9+/-1.6 (median 7.8) years. AF was identified by self-reported history and ECGs at baseline and by ECGs and hospital discharge diagnoses at follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess CRP as a predictor of baseline and future development of AF. At baseline, 315 subjects (5%) had AF. Compared with subjects in the first CRP quartile (<0.97 mg/L), subjects in the fourth quartile (>3.41 mg/L) had more AF (7.4% versus 3.7%, adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.5; P=0.002). Of 5491 subjects without AF at baseline, 897 (16%) developed AF during follow-up. Baseline CRP predicted higher risk for developing future AF (fourth versus first quartile adjusted hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.58; P=0.005). When treated as a continuous variable, elevated CRP predicted increased risk for developing future AF (adjusted hazard ratio for 1-SD increase, 1.24; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.40; P<0.001).CRP is not only associated with the presence of AF but may also predict patients at increased risk for future development of AF.
Respiratory impedance response to a deep inhalation in asthmatic children with spontaneous airway obstruction
Authors: C. Schweitzer, C. Moreau-Colson, F. Marchal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The aim of the study was to determine whether the bronchomotor effect of a deep inhalation (DI) may be detected during tidal breathing in asthmatic children with spontaneous airway obstruction (AO). Two groups of children aged 5–15 yrs were studied. AO was mild in group 1 (n=12, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) ≥75% predicted) and moderate-to-severe in group 2 (n=9, FEV 1 ≤70% pred). The forced oscillation technique at 12 Hz using a head generator allowed the determination of respiratory resistance in inspiration ( R rsi ) and expiration ( R rse ) before and after DI, at baseline and after salbutamol. At baseline, R rsi but not R rse was found to decrease significantly after DI in group 1 but not in group 2. The change induced by DI was significantly different in group 1 (−1.5±0.5 hPa·s·L −1 ) compared to group 2 (0.5±0.5 hPa·s·L −1 ) and exhibited significant negative correlation to FEV 1 % pred. After salbutamol, DI had no effect. In conclusion, asthmatic children show a bronchomotor response to deep inhalation that depends on the degree of airway obstruction. The effect is more readily demonstrated in inspiration than in expiration.
Increased Proinflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Chronic Stable Angina and Their Reduction By Aspirin
Authors: Ignatios Ikonomidis, Felicita Andreotti, Emanouel Economou, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Pavlos Toutouzas, Petros Nihoyannopoulos
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Proinflammatory cytokines released by injured endothelium facilitate interaction of endothelial cells with circulating leukocytes and thus may contribute to development and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) are indicative of myocardial ischemia or of diseased vessels and whether they are influenced by aspirin treatment in patients with chronic stable angina. Methods and Results —Plasma macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF), IL-1b, IL-6, and CRP were measured in 60 stable patients after 48-hour Holter monitoring and in 24 matched controls. All patients had angiographic documentation of disease and positive exercise ECGs. Patients with ischemia on Holter monitoring (n=40) received aspirin or placebo in a 6-week, randomized, double blind, crossover trial. Blood sampling was repeated at the end of each treatment phase (3 weeks). Compared to controls, patients had more than twice median MCSF (800 versus 372 pg/mL), IL-6 (3.9 versus 1.7 pg/mL), and CRP (1.25 versus 0.23 mg/L) levels ( P &lt;0.01 for all comparisons). MCSF was related to ischemia on Holter monitoring ( P &lt;0.01), to low ischemic threshold during exercise ( P &lt;0.01), and together with IL-1b to number of diseased vessels ( P &lt;0.05). MCSF, IL-6, and CRP were all reduced after 6 weeks of aspirin treatment ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —These findings suggest that cytokines are associated with both ischemia and anatomic extent of disease in patients with stable angina. Reduced cytokine and CRP levels by aspirin may explain part of aspirin’s therapeutic action.
The CRIT framework for identifying cross patterns in systems biology and application to chemogenomics
Authors: Tara A Gianoulis, Ashish Agarwal, Michael Snyder, Mark B Gerstein
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Biological data is often tabular but finding statistically valid connections between entities in a sequence of tables can be problematic--for example, connecting particular entities in a drug property table to gene properties in a second table, using a third table associating genes with drugs. Here we present an approach (CRIT) to find connections such as these and show how it can be applied in a variety of genomic contexts including chemogenomics data.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sunitinib Allows Insulin Independence in Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mohammed S.B. Huda, Stephanie A. Amiel, Paul Ross, Simon J.B. Aylwin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), along with other TKIs, is reported to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes and in recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) (1,2). We report a case of sunitinib apparently inducing remission in long-standing T1D.

A 48-year-old woman, with T1D diagnosed at age 9 and requiring lifelong insulin therapy, presented in 2004 with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor secreting gastrin. She proceeded to pancreaticoduodenectomy with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. She had retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired hypoglycemia awareness. Diabetes treatment included insulin aspart and glargine, total daily dose (TDD) of 25–35 units. Her pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor remained in clinical and radiological remission until 2007 when multiple liver and pancreatic metastases were found on surveillance imaging. Octreotide was …
Recent Developments in Cardiovascular Stem Cells
Authors: Rosalinda Madonna, Peter Ferdinandy, Raffaele De Caterina, James T. Willerson, Ali J. Marian
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

The goal of "Recent Developments" is to provide a concise but comprehensive overview of new advances in cardiovascular research, which we hope will keep our readers abreast of recent scientific discoveries and facilitate discussion, interpretation, and integration of the findings.This will enable readers who are not experts in a particular field to grasp the significance and effect of work performed in other fields.It is our hope and expectation that these "Recent Development" articles will help readers to gain a broader awareness and a deeper understanding of the status of research across the vast landscape of cardiovascular research-The Editors.
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
Authors: CHARLES L. VOGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Seven patients with documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are presented. Six of these had underlying chronic diseases and had been on long-term prednisone therapy. Five had malignant disease of the reticuloendothelial system. The diagnosis of pneumocystosis was suspected antemortem in two patients, and treatment was instituted with pentamidine isethionate. In both cases the duration of treatment was short so that full evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of pentamidine could not be made. Predisposing factors, presenting clinical and roentgenographic features of the disease, and attempts at diagnosis and therapy are discussed. The need for vigorous attempts at early definitive diagnosis is stressed. At present, lung biopsy appears to be the most reliable diagnostic procedure. The effectiveness of pentamidine isethionate in treating clinical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can be evaluated only by early institution and adequate trial of therapy in patients with an established diagnosis.
Implicit Memory: A Selective Review
Authors: D L Schacter, C Y P Chiu, K N Ochsner
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1993)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis with Genetically Modified Memory T Cells
Authors: Peter M. Mathisen, Min Yu, Justin M. Johnson, Judith A. Drazba, Vincent K. Tuohy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

The migratory properties of memory T cells provide a model vector system for site-specific delivery of therapeutic transgene factors to autoimmune inflammatory lesions. Lymph node cells from (SWRxSJL)F1 mice immunized with the p139-151 determinant of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) were transfected with a DNA construct that placed the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) cDNA under control of an antigen-inducible IL-2 promoter region. Isolated T cell clones demonstrated antigen-inducible expression of transgene IL-10 and expressed cell surface markers consistent with the phenotype of normal memory T cells. Upon adoptive transfer, transfected T cell clones were able to inhibit onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to treat EAE animals therapeutically after onset of neurologic signs. Semiquantitative immunocytochemistry showed a significant correlation between decreased demyelination and treatment with the transfected T cells. Taken together, these data indicate the autoreactive T cells can be genetically designed to produce therapeutic factors in an antigen-inducible manner resulting in a decreased severity of clinical and histological autoimmune demyelinating disease.
Effects of interferon alpha treatment on the clinical course of refractory Behcet's disease: an open study
Authors: M Calguneri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Interferon α (IFNα) has recently been introduced in the treatment of uveitis, mucocutaneous lesions, and arthritis of Behcet’s disease (BD).1–6 To our knowledge, there is currently no clinical trial which has evaluated the efficacy of IFNα treatment in the vascular or neurological involvement in BD. In this open study we evaluated the efficacy, toxicity, and tolerability of IFNα in the management of BD with ocular, articular, vascular, or neurological manifestations which had previously been unsuccessfully treated conventionally.

A total of 29 patients (17 men, 12 women; mean age 33.2 months, range 16–51) who were resistant to conventional treatments were treated with systemic IFNα. Previous conventional treatments had been colchicine, aspirin, and penicillin plus sulfasalazine for patients with arthritis; or colchicine, aspirin, and penicillin plus steroids and/or immunosuppressive agents, azathioprine, cyclosporin A, or cyclophosphamide for ocular, vascular, and/or neurological involvement. The mean duration of the disease was 8.86 years (range 1–30). Four patients were excluded from the statistical analysis because of the short duration of treatment (<4 months).

Seventeen patients had ocular inflammation. Eleven patients had arthritis. Ten patients had vascular disease (aneurisms in the internal cerebral and ophthalmic arteries; thrombosis of popliteal veins and left anterior descending coronary artery causing myocardial infarction; organised thrombus in superior and inferior caval, …
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Survival of Dialysis Patients after Coronary Bypass
Authors: Nancy G. Kutner, Rebecca Zhang, Yijian Huang, Charles A. Herzog
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Patients who are on renal dialysis are at high risk for cardiac death and have a large burden of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Cardiac rehabilitation can promote improved survival of nondialysis patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and is covered by Medicare, but no previous studies have investigated whether dialysis patients' survival after CABG may be improved as a function of cardiac rehabilitation. A prospective cohort study was conducted using Medicare claims (1998 to 2002) for CABG and cardiac rehabilitation and patient information from the United States Renal Data System database for 6215 renal patients who initiated hemodialysis and underwent CABG between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2002, with mortality follow-up to December 31, 2003. Cardiac rehabilitation was defined by Current Procedural Terminology codes for monitored and nonmonitored exercise in Medicare claims data. Dialysis patients who received cardiac rehabilitation after CABG had a 35% reduced risk for all-cause mortality and a 36% reduced risk for cardiac death compared with dialysis patients who did not receive cardiac rehabilitation, independent of sociodemographic and clinical risk factors, including recent hospitalization. Only 10% of patients received cardiac rehabilitation after CABG, compared with an estimated 23.4% of patients in the general population, and lower income patients of all ages as well as women and black patients who were aged 65+ were significantly less likely to receive cardiac rehabilitation services. This observational study suggests a survival benefit of cardiac rehabilitation for dialysis patients after CABG.
Defining Cancer Cachexia in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Luke M. Richey, Jonathan R. George, Marion E. Couch, Brian K. Kanapkey, Xiaoying Yin, Trinitia Cannon, Paul W. Stewart, Mark C. Weissler, Carol G. Shores
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Cancer cachexia is a devastating and understudied illness in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The primary objective was to identify clinical characteristics and serum levels of cytokines and cachexia-related factors in patients with HNSCC. The secondary objective was to detect the occurrence of cytokine and cachexia-related factor gene expression in HNSCC tumors. Experimental Design: For the primary objective, cross-sectional data were obtained from prospectively recruited patients identified as cachexia cases and matching cachexia-free controls. For the secondary objective, a retrospective cohort design with matched controls was used. Results: Clinical characteristics associated with cancer cachexia in HNSCC were T4 status (P = 0.01), increased C-reactive protein (P = 0.01), and decreased hemoglobin (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Exploratory multiplex analysis of serum cytokine levels found increased interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.04). A highly sensitive ELISA confirmed the multiplex result for increased IL-6 in cachectic patients (P = 0.02). Quality of life was substantially reduced in patients with cachexia compared with noncachectic patients (P &amp;lt; 0.01). All tumors of HNSCC patients both with and without cachexia expressed RNA for each cytokine tested and the cachexia factor lipid-mobilizing factor. There were no statistically significant differences between the cytokine and cachexia factor RNA expression of cachectic and noncachectic patients (each P &amp;gt; 0.05). No tumors expressed the cachexia factor proteolysis-inducing factor. Conclusion: We have identified clinical characteristics and pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with cancer cachexia in a carefully defined population of patients with HNSCC. The data suggest that the acute-phase response and elevated IL-6 are associated with this complex disease state. We therefore hypothesize that IL-6 may represent an important therapeutic target for HNSCC patients with cancer cachexia.
Effect of glyceryl trinitrate on peripheral arteries alters left ventricular hydraulic load in man
Authors: T. YAGINUMA, A. AVOLIO, M. O'ROURKE, W. NICHOLS, J. J MORGAN, P. ROY, D. BARON, J. BRANSON, M. FENELEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Journal Article Effect of glyceryl trinitrate on peripheral arteries alters left ventricular hydraulic load in man Get access TOSHIO YAGINUMA, TOSHIO YAGINUMA From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALBERTO AVOLIO, ALBERTO AVOLIO From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL O'ROURKE, MICHAEL O'ROURKE From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WILMER NICHOLS, WILMER NICHOLS From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN J MORGAN, JOHN J MORGAN From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAUL ROY, PAUL ROY From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID BARON, DAVID BARON From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN BRANSON, JOHN BRANSON From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL FENELEY MICHAEL FENELEY From the Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 20, Issue 2, February 1986, Pages 153–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/20.2.153 Published: 01 February 1986
Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Study of Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan Versus Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and Capecitabine in Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A French Intergroup (Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer, and Groupe Coopérateur Multidisciplinaire en Oncologie) Study
Authors: Rosine Guimbaud, Christophe Louvet, Pauline Ries, Marc Ychou, Emilie Maillard, Thierry André, Jean-Marc Gornet, Thomas Aparicio, Suzanne Nguyen, Ahmed Azzedine, Pierre-Luc Etienne, Eveline Boucher, Christine Rebischung, Pascal Hammel, Philippe Rougier, Laurent Bedenne, Olivier Bouché
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To compare epirubicin, cisplatin, and capecitabine (ECX) with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatments in patients with advanced gastric or esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma.This open, randomized, phase III study was carried out in 71 centers. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or EGJ cancer were randomly assigned to receive either ECX as first-line treatment (ECX arm) or FOLFIRI (FOLFIRI arm). Second-line treatment was predefined (FOLFIRI for the ECX arm and ECX for the FOLFIRI arm). The primary criterion was time-to-treatment failure (TTF) of the first-line therapy. Secondary criteria were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), toxicity, and quality of life.In all, 416 patients were included (median age, 61.4 years; 74% male). After a median follow-up of 31 months, median TTF was significantly longer with FOLFIRI than with ECX (5.1 v 4.2 months; P = .008). There was no significant difference between the two groups in median PFS (5.3 v 5.8 months; P = .96), median OS (9.5 v 9.7 months; P = .95), or response rate (39.2% v 37.8%). First-line FOLFIRI was better tolerated (overall rate of grade 3 to 4 toxicity, 69% v 84%; P < .001; hematologic adverse events [AEs], 38% v 64.5%; P < .001; nonhematologic AEs: 53% v 53.5%; P = .81).FOLFIRI as first-line treatment for advanced gastric and EGJ cancer demonstrated significantly better TTF than did ECX. Other outcome results indicate that FOLFIRI is an acceptable first-line regimen in this setting and should be explored as a backbone regimen for targeted agents.
Accelerated Tumor Progression in Mice Lacking the ATP Receptor P2X7
Authors: Elena Adinolfi, Marina Capece, Alessia Franceschini, Simonetta Falzoni, Anna L. Giuliani, Alessandra Rotondo, Alba C. Sarti, Massimo Bonora, Susanne Syberg, Domenica Corigliano, Paolo Pinton, Niklas R. Jorgensen, Luigi Abelli, Laura Emionite, Lizzia Raffaghello, Vito Pistoia, Francesco Di Virgilio
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The ATP receptor P2X7 (P2X7R or P2RX7) has a key role in inflammation and immunity, but its possible roles in cancer are not firmly established. In the present study, we investigated the effect of host genetic deletion of P2X7R in the mouse on the growth of B16 melanoma or CT26 colon carcinoma cells. Tumor size and metastatic dissemination were assessed by in vivo calliper and luciferase luminescence emission measurements along with postmortem examination. In P2X7R-deficient mice, tumor growth and metastatic spreading were accelerated strongly, compared with wild-type (wt) mice. Intratumoral IL-1β and VEGF release were drastically reduced, and inflammatory cell infiltration was abrogated nearly completely. Similarly, tumor growth was also greatly accelerated in wt chimeric mice implanted with P2X7R-deficient bone marrow cells, defining hematopoietic cells as a sufficient site of P2X7R action. Finally, dendritic cells from P2X7R-deficient mice were unresponsive to stimulation with tumor cells, and chemotaxis of P2X7R-less cells was impaired. Overall, our results showed that host P2X7R expression was critical to support an antitumor immune response, and to restrict tumor growth and metastatic diffusion.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Cholesterol Efflux and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Kathryn J. Moore, Katey J. Rayner, Yajaira Suárez, Carlos Fernández-Hernando
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent an elegant mechanism of posttranscriptional control of gene expression that serves to fine-tune biological processes. These tiny noncoding RNAs (20-22 nucleotide) bind to the 3' untranslated region of mRNAs, thereby repressing gene expression. Recent advances in the understanding of lipid metabolism have revealed that miRNAs, particularly miR-122 and miR-33, play major roles in regulating cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. miR-122, the most abundant miRNA in the liver, appears to maintain the hepatic cell phenotype, and its inhibition decreases total serum cholesterol. miR-33, an intronic miRNA located with the sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP)-2 gene, regulates cholesterol efflux, fatty acid β oxidation, and high-density lipoprotein metabolism. These findings have highlighted the complexity of lipid homeostasis and the important role that miRNAs play in these processes, potentially opening new avenues for the treatment of dyslipidemias.