tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Antigen Particles and Prognosis in Hepatitis
Authors: Hans Popper, Fenton Schaffner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Prediction about potential chronicity of acute hepatitis, and particularly the form caused by hepatitis virus B associated with a long incubation period, is hazardous. So is the prediction whether chronic hepatitis will become cirrhosis. Clinical manifestations, biochemical findings and immune reactions (nonspecific circulating antibodies and hypergammaglobulinemia), as well as histologic features on liver biopsy, have been proposed, but all have proved fallible. Persistence of hepatitis B or Australia antigen (HB Ag) in the serum is also not a reliable prognostic index. As a matter of fact, the entire subject of the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis is argued. Nielsen et al., . . .
Focus interventions on preventing HIV on adolescents, says report
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Rapid multicolor three-dimensional (3D) imaging for centimeter-scale specimens with subcellular resolution remains a challenging but captivating scientific pursuit. Here, we present a fast, automated, cost-effective, and versatile multicolor 3D imaging method with ultraviolet (UV) surface excitation and vibratomy-assisted sectioning, termed translational rapid ultraviolet-excited sectioning tomography (TRUST). TRUST enables exogenous molecular-specific fluorescence and endogenous content-rich autofluorescence imaging simultaneously with the help of a UV light-emitting diode and a color camera. Commonly applied tissue preparation procedures (e.g., staining or clearing) are laborious, time-consuming, and may induce detrimental effects on processed samples. In TRUST, formalin-fixed specimens are stained with real-time double labeling layer by layer along with serial widefield optical illumination with raster scanning and mechanical sectioning to improve the staining speed and reveal rich biological information. All vital organs in mice have been imaged by TRUST to demonstrate its fast, robust, and high-content multicolor 3D imaging ability. Moreover, its potential for developmental biology has also been validated by imaging entire mouse embryos (taking ∼2 days for imaging the embryo at the embryonic day of 15). TRUST offers a way for multicontrast and multicolor whole-organ 3D imaging with high resolution and high speed while relieving researchers from heavy sample preparation workload.
IPPB Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: John K. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A group of 187 patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema were periodically followed up for an average of more than four years to determine if objective benefit was obtained from long-term intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) home treatment. The 78 patients who used their own IPPB valves at home showed no demonstrable benefit when compared to 109 controls in regard to changes in pulmonary function test values, blood gas values, weight, or number of deaths. Fifty patients treated with IPPB were paired with 50 controls according to results of initial tests of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>). Deterioration in FEV<sub>1</sub>value was 99 ml/yr in the treated group and 44 ml/yr in the controls. Significantly less patients in the treated group showed improvement in FEV<sub>1</sub>. Long-term IPPB home treatment of emphysematous patients cannot be recommended with assurance of deriving objective improvement.
Proteinuria in rheumatoid arthritis--drug-induced or amyloid?
Authors: B E Bourke, D F Woodrow, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Over a 5-year period 325 patients with rheumatoid arthritis received treatment with gold (162) or D-penicillamine (163). Thirty-eight (11.7%) developed proteinuria, which persisted in 10 patients; renal biopsies in these 10 patients revealed 6 cases of amyloid disease. These 6 cases illustrate the importance of investigation of rheumatoid patients developing proteinuria even when they are receiving potentially nephrotoxic drugs.
PUERPERAL ECLAMPSIA, WITH REPORT OF A CASE AND TREATMENT.
Authors: NORMAN W. BELLROSE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

I doubt very much if there is a disease of pregnancy in regard to which there is a greater diversity of opinion as to its etiology and pathology than puerperal eclampsia. Do we know its cause? Yes, I think we do. Braun tells us that the kidneys are responsible, and is an advocate of the nephritic origin. Playfair, on the other hand, does not consider the albuminuric theory as clearly proven. Lever, in 1843, pointed out the connection between albuminuria and eclampsia, and that the two conditions occupied the relative position of cause and effect. Further investigations, however, lead one to believe that the kidneys are not wholly responsible. In twenty-eight cases of eclampsia reported by Schauta, three were found to have normal kidneys. Ahlfeld found in seventeen cases two in which the kidneys were normal. Vinay, after making thorough microscopic examination, states that in a large number of cases
Novel nuclear autoantigen with splicing factor motifs identified with antibody from hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: H Imai, E K Chan, K Kiyosawa, X D Fu, E M Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

A patient with liver cirrhosis who progressed to hepatocellular carcinoma was found to develop novel antinuclear antibodies. The serum was used to isolate full-length cDNA clones encoding related proteins of 530 amino acids (representative clone HCC1.4) and 524 amino acids (representative clone HCC1.3). Affinity-purified antibodies eluted from recombinant proteins recognized a 64-kD nuclear protein in Western blotting and decorated the nucleoplasm in a speckled-network fashion in immunofluorescence, colocalizing with antibodies to pre-mRNA splicing factor SC35 and uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs. The deduced amino acid sequence contained an arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain and three-ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence domains, two classes of motifs present in several splicing factors. A repeating octapeptide of Arg-Ser-Arg-Ser-Arg(Lys)-Glu(Asp)-Arg-Lys(Arg) was present in RS region of HCC1. This octapeptide sequence called RS-ERK motif was also found in splicing factors U2AF 35- and 65-kD proteins and 70-kD U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. The molecular features and immunolocalization data suggest that the HCC1 autoantigen may be associated with splicing activities and are consistent with observations that autoantibody responses frequently target molecules involved in important cellular biosynthetic functions.
Effectiveness of out-of-home day care for disadvantaged families: randomised controlled trial
Authors: T. Toroyan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the effects of providing daycare facilities for young childrenon the health and welfare of disadvantaged families. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. Eligible children from the application list toa daycare facility were randomly allocated to receive a daycare place or not. <b>Setting</b> Early Years daycare centre in Borough of Hackney, London. <b>Participants</b> 120 mothers and 143 eligible children (aged between 6 months and 3.5 years). <b>Intervention</b> A place at the centre, which provided high quality day care. Control families used other child care that they secured for themselves. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Maternal paid employment, household income, child health anddevelopment. <b>Results</b> At 18 months9 follow up, 67% of intervention group mothers and 60% of control group mothers were in paid employment (adjusted risk ratio 1.23 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.52)), but were no more likely to havea weekly household income of above £200 (risk ratio 0.88 (0.70 to 1.09)). Intervention group children had more otitis media with effusion (risk ratio 1.74 (1.02 to 2.96)) and used more health services (1.58 (1.05 to 2.38)), but both estimates were imprecise. <b>Conclusion</b> The provision of child day care may have increased maternal employment,but it did not seem to increase household income. The results suggest that providing day care may be insufficient as a strategy to reduce poverty. The study shows how random allocation can be usedto ration and evaluate interventions where demand exceeds supply.
Abstract PD3-7: Disease-free survival and Ki67 analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing zoledronic acid plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone as a neoadjuvant treatment in patients with HER2-negative primary breast cancer (JONIE-1 study)
Authors: D Miura, Y Hasegawa, J Horiguchi, T Ishikawa, M Hayashi, S Takao, SJ Kim, H Tanino, M Miyashita, M Konishi, Y Shigeoka, K Yamagami, H Kaise, K Akazawa, N Kohno
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Zoledronic acid (ZOL) has been found to have a synergistic anti-proliferative effect when used in combination with antitumor drugs. We suggested that the addition of ZOL to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) has potential anti-cancer benefit in postmenopausal patients with triple-negative breast cancer in JONIE-1 Trial (50% pCR rate in ZOL+CT: CTZ versus 0% in CT, p = 0.029). We analyzed the disease-free survival (DFS) as a secondary endpoint and baseline Ki67 levels between two groups. Methods: Women with Stage IIA-IIIB HER-2-negative breast cancer were randomly assigned 1:1 to CTZ group or CT group, CT was FEC100 q3w × 4 cycles followed by weekly paclitaxel for 12 cycles and ZOL 4mg was administered every 3-4 weeks. Among 188 patients recruited between March 2010 and April 2012 excluding 10 from the primary assessment, 178 patients were assessed. The aims of this study were to compare the relative efficacy or CTZ with the efficacy of CT in prolonging DFS in all patients and also to compare the pCR rates between baseline Ki67 high (20% and &amp;gt;20%) with Ki67 low (&amp;lt;20%) in ER positive cohort. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 34.4 months, breast cancer specific events (recurrence and death) occurred 17 participants, 7 in CTZ group and 10 in CT group. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year DFS rates were 97.7%, 88.4%, and 88.4% in CTZ versus 100%, 84.8%, and 81.1% in CT, respectively. In the ER positive cohort studied for Ki67 consist of 109 patients, 40 were in Ki67 low group and 69 were in Ki67 high group. Among Ki67 low group, number of pCR was none out of 18 in CTZ and 1 out of 22 in CT (p = .550). Among Ki high group, that was 6 out of 38 in CTZ and 3 out of 31 (p = .352). Conclusion: We could not find a modest improvement in disease-free survival compared the addition of ZOL to neoadjuvant CT with CT alone. Ki67 study for central analysis has been under investigation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD3-7.
Delusion of Safety
Authors: I. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Letters and articles in your journal commend the value of crash helmets and safety straps. A few days ago I saw a string of motor-cyclists, all with crash helmets, travelling through a built-up area at over 60 m.p.h. The following day I was passed by a minicar, driven at, at least, 70 m.p.h. The driver was wearing a safety belt. On each occasion the road was greasy and unsafe. If these safety contraptions are merely going to create the delusion of protection from accident, the end result is going to be even worse than if we did not have them at all. The wearing of an asbestos suit is insufficient reason for strolling about in a burning building. [Risk compensation. Offsetting behavior.] Language: en
Control of lymphocyte shape and the chemotactic response by the GTP exchange factor Vav
Authors: Miguel Vicente-Manzanares, Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia, Noa B. Martín-Cófreces, José R. Cabrero, Mercedes Dosil, Brenda Alvarado-Sánchez, Xosé R. Bustelo, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
Journal: Blood (2004)
AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Paul Volberding
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Deciding which reference book to purchase among the many available on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) should prompt several questions. What is the book's scope and how does its area of strength match the interest of the reader? How authoritative are the authors and how timely is the information—the latter an especially difficult issue in the rapidly moving AIDS field? Finally, how thoroughly referenced is the work for the reader with a more specific question than can be dealt with in a single-volume reference text? Clearly, no single book on AIDS will suffice for all applications. In the end, a basic retrovirologist, a clinician, or a public health authority will use other information sources for questions that arise within his or her own field. Yet, this same reader may well use such a reference for help in understanding issues that fall outside a limited area of expertise. For this "crossover"
Infection Control Practices in Ambulatory Surgical Centers
Authors: Philip S. Barie
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Finder's Fees for Research Subjects
Authors: S E Lind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

At a specialty conference, a postdoctoral fellow describing a new study being conducted at a neighboring institution showed a recruiting letter from the investigator, which outlined the study and noted that a $350 finder's fee would be paid to resident physicians who referred patients who subsequently enrolled in the study. This provoked a few laughs and comments from the audience but seemed an isolated instance to many of us. A few weeks later I learned that investigators at two other local hospitals had proposed offering cash finder's fees to resident physicians in the emergency room for referring patients with specified . . .
King's Fund calls for support for carers
Authors: H. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Carers from ethnic minorities and those who look after people who are mentally ill are less likely to get help from social services than other carers, a conference sponsored by the King's Fund, an independent research organisation, heard last week in London.

Health minister John Hutton admitted that help for carers was unequal across the country but claimed that the new coordinated ministerial approach,which was announced last summer, would ensure an “integrated approach” in future. “The government does value the …
The role of nutrition in mitigating environmental insults: policy and ethical issues.
Authors: H Hu, S Kotha, T Brennan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Research has accumulated which indicates that nutritional factors can significantly modify the host response to environmental toxicants.Correction of malnutrition can clearly mitigate the effects of many toxi- cants; however, evidence is mounting that supraphysiologic doses of nutrients (nutri- tional supplements) can further lessen toxicity.The use of dietary supplements, calcium in particular, to blunt the effects of lead is discussed as a case example.The possibility that nutrition could be implemented as a secondary prevention strategy on a public health scale raises important eth- ical and policy issues.The cost of cleaning up pollution when resources are scarce could favor secondary prevention strategies under a simple utilitarian analysis.This analysis, however, fails to recognize certain inequities such as the plight of those con- signed to suffer in polluted conditions.Nutritional strategies can lessen, but not abolish, toxic effects; moreover, they require dissemination and compliance, which are unlikely to be fully effective.These issues demonstrate the need to develop a public health paradigm for the role of nutritional interventions in environmental health.As our knowledge of environmental hazards grows, the threats they pose to
INSULIN THERAPY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN THE ELGIN STATE HOSPITAL
Authors: GERT HEILBRUNN, RUTH STERNLIEB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

Three hundred fifteen schizophrenic patients treated during a period of almost three years showed 72 per cent recoveries and 10 per cent social remissions in cases with a duration of psychosis less than seven months, 35 per cent and 20 per cent respectively in the group ill from 7 to 18 months and 10 per cent for cases over 18 months duration. A similar percentage was obtained in patients who had not responded to previous metrazol therapy. There were 15 per cent relapses in the first two groups. The treatment with insulin and metrazol simultaneously did not benefit patients who had failed to respond previously to either therapy. For this reason and also because of the disproportionately severe toxic changes in the cerebral ganglion cells of similarly treated rabbits this modification was discontinued. No fatalities or lasting serious complications were encountered. Epileptiform seizures occurring in 33 per cent of the patients had no therapeutic effect. No spinal fractures were found in a sampling of patients. The number of relapses was especially high in cases which had had previous spontaneous remissions. The chance of another recovery decreases with each relapse. No definite criteria for a future relapse could be established from the patient's history before, or the symptomatology during the psychosis. The relapses occurred most frequently within six months after discontinuance of treatment. A group of failures was compared with a group of recovered patients as to symptomatology of the psychosis and evaluation of personality factors. This study failed to furnish any fundamental differences. A practical prognostic help was found in the patient's reaction to intravenous sodium amytal.
The neurodynamics of heavy PETing, at/intention, learning, functional recovery, and rehabilitation
Authors: Gary Goldberg, Nathaniel H. Mayer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Research reported by Posner &amp; Raichle may be usefully applied to the rehabilitation of persons with brain damage. Their findings are related to the “dual premotorsystems hypothesis” that reciprocally interactive medial and lateral brain systems are involved in attention and learning. Recent studies show that “brain healing” occurs through dynamic reorganization involving attentional networks postulated by Posner &amp; Raichle.
A lifestyle intervention did not reduce cardiovascular outcomes in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Donald A. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal ClubOctober 15, 2013A lifestyle intervention did not reduce cardiovascular outcomes in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetesDonald A. Smith, MD, MPHDonald A. Smith, MD, MPHMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA (D.A.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationLook AHEAD Research Group, Wing RR, Bolin P, et al. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:145-54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23796131.Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: References1 Williamson DF, Thompson TJ, Thun M, et al. Intentional weight loss and mortality among overweight individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1499-504. [PMID: 11023143] Google Scholar2 National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143-421. [PMID: 12485966]. Google Scholar3 Rejeski WJ, Ip EH, Bertoni AG, et al; Look AHEAD Research Group. Lifestyle change and mobility in obese adults with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1209-17. [PMID: 22455415] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA (D.A.S.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics October 15, 2013Volume 159, Issue 8Page: JC4KeywordsAnginaBlood pressureBody mass indexCholesterolEndocrinologyExerciseHbA1cHemoglobinHospitalizationsInsulinLipidsLipoproteinsMyocardial infarctionObservational studiesOverweightStrokeSystolic pressureType 2 diabetesWeight loss Issue Published: October 15, 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Intimate Partner Femicide in South Africa in 1999 and 2009
Authors: Naeemah Abrahams, Shanaaz Mathews, Lorna J. Martin, Carl Lombard, Rachel Jewkes
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Death is the most extreme consequence of intimate partner violence. Female homicide studies with data on the perpetrator-victim relationship can provide insights. We compare the results of two South African national studies of female homicide with similar sampling done 10 y apart.We conducted a retrospective national survey using a weighted cluster design of a proportionate random sample of 38 mortuaries to identify homicides committed in 2009. We abstracted victim data from mortuary and autopsy reports, and perpetrator data from police interviews. We compared homicides of women 14 y and older in 2009 with previously published data collected with the same methodology for homicides committed in 1999. The study found that the rate of female homicide per 100,000 female population in 2009 was 12.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.3, 16.5), compared to 24.7 (95% CI: 17.7, 31.6) in 1999. The incidence rate ratio of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.84) reflects a significantly lower rate in 2009. The rate of intimate partner femicide was 5.6/100,000 in 2009 versus 8.8/100,000 in 1999, with an incidence rate ratio of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.24, 1.02), indicating no difference between rates. Logistic regression analysis of homicide characteristics showed that the odds ratio of suspected rape among non-intimate femicides in 2009 compared to 1999 was 2.61 (95% CI: 1.23, 4.08) and among intimate partner femicides it was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.42). The OR of homicide by gunshot was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.99) in 2009 versus 1999. There was a significant drop in convictions of perpetrators of non-intimate femicide in 2009 versus 1999 (OR = 0.32 [95% CI: 0.19, 0.53]). Limitations of the study include the relatively small sample size and having only two time points.Female homicide in South Africa was lower in 2009 than 1999, but intimate partner femicide and suspected rape homicide rates were not statistically different. The cause of the difference is unknown. The findings suggest that South Africa needs greater efforts nationally to implement evidence-based violence prevention. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.