tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of von Willebrand's Disease and Hemophilia in a Family
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In the family of a woman who has von Willebrand's disease and who is a hemophilia carrier, two daughters have hemophilic sons. One of her sons, two daughters, and one granddaughter have von Willebrand's disease. None is known to have inherited both diseases. The coexistence in one individual of the hemophilic carrier state and von Willebrand's disease does not appear to accentuate the bleeding tendency.  Hemophilia was diagnosed by the prolonged clotting time and the defective prothrombin consumption time, with both the basic and the modified (with added hemolysate and aged serum) methods. Von Willebrand's disease was diagnosed by the type of bleeding, the hereditary pattern of an autosomal dominant, a prolonged bleeding time, and a positive tourniquet test. In both diseases, good therapeutic results were obtained by transfusions of fresh frozen plasma.
Pitfalls in Interpreting Serum Creatine Phosphokinase Activity
Authors: Michael A. Nevins
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Although elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity is a sensitive indicator of myocardial necrosis, abnormal values may occur in a variety of extracardiac disorders. Fifty-two of 100 consecutive patients admitted to a short-term medical ward had elevated CPK activity; 26 of them had more than twice normal. Increased physical activity and intramuscular injections should be considered as potential etiologic factors of abnormal CPK levels in patients with chest pain, particularly when the electrocardiogram and other serum enzymes are not confirmatory. It is hazardous to diagnose myocardial necrosis on the basis of an isolated CPK elevation in the absence of other suggestive evidence. With the development of tissue-specific CPK isoenzymes, however, the clinical usefulness of this test may be enhanced.
Modeling human behavioral traits and clarifying the construct of affiliation and its disorders
Authors: Richard A. Depue, Jeannine V. Morrone-Strupinsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

commentary on our target article centers around six main topics: (1) strategies in modeling the neurobehavioral foundation of human behavioral traits; (2) clarification of the construct of affiliation; (3) developmental aspects of affiliative bonding; (4) modeling disorders of affiliative reward; (5) serotonin and affiliative behavior; and (6) neural considerations. after an initial important research update in section r1, our response is organized around these topics in the following six sections, r2 to r7.
Mitochondrial KATP channel opening protects a human atrial-derived cell line by a mechanism involving free radical generation
Authors: R Carroll
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objectives: The mechanism by which the mitochondrial KATP channel openers confer protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury is debated. Evidence suggests that rather than solely being an end effector, opening of these channels may act by a trigger mechanism. We examined the effects of the mitochondrial KATP channel opener, diazoxide on parameters of mitochondrial function with specific reference to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a human atrial derived cell line model of simulated ischemia/reperfusion (LSI/R). Methods and results: Propidium iodide (PI) exclusion was used to assess survival. Diazoxide treatment conferred protection against LSI/R (13.9±0.9% vs. 36.9±4.5% controls) that was abolished by pre-treatment with the mitoKATP channel blocker, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) (33.3±3.6%) and with the free radical scavenger, 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) (29±4.0%). Diazoxide caused increased oxidation of the ROS probe, reduced mitotracker orange (1.3 vs. 1.0 arbitrary units for control; P<0.01 vs. control) that was abrogated by either 5-HD or MPG (1.07 and 1.07 arbitrary units, respectively). At the same time there was no change in orange fluorescent signal from the membrane potential sensitive probe, JC-1 indicating no change in mitochondrial membrane potential. Changes in light scattering, reflecting changes in mitochondrial volume, occurred during treatment with diazoxide. Conclusion: These results demonstrate for the first time that the mitoKATP channel opener diazoxide can act as a trigger of preconditioning by a mechanism involving mitochondrial swelling and the generation of ROS.
TREATMENT OF INTESTINAL AMEBIASIS IN THE TROPICS.
Authors: W. E. MUSGRAVE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The happiest results which may follow any research are those which lend themselves to practical application in the prevention or cure of disease, and nearly all of the great advances made in therapeutics are of this class. Because the progress made in the treatment of intestinal amebiasis since its identification as an independent disease by Osler, Councilman and Lafleur has been of an empirical nature, there has been a long delay in introducing the methods most generally employed at the present time, and these are still far from satisfactory. The differences which exist regarding the treatment of the disease in various places within the geographic belt where it is endemic, have also to a certain extent been brought about by the question as to the rôle which the amebæ play in its causation. Heretofore it has not been possible to be certain in regard to this because of the failure
Consumer-Driven Health Care
Authors: Regina E. Herzlinger
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Switzerland’s consumer-driven health care system achieves universal insurance and high quality of care at significantly lower costs than the employerbased US system and without the constrained resources that can characterize government-controlled systems. Unlike other systems in which the choice and most of the funding for health insurance is provided by third parties, such as employers and governments, in the Swiss system, individuals are required to purchase their own health insurance. The positive results achieved by the Swiss system may be attributed to its consumer control, price transparency of the insurance plans, risk adjustment of insurers, and solidarity. However, the constraints the Swiss system places on hospitals and physicians and the paucity of provider quality information may unduly limit its impact. The Swiss health care system holds important lessons, including evidence about its feasibility and equity, for the United States, which is now embarking on its own consumer-driven health care system.
Rapid and early determination of sex using trophoblast biopsy specimens and Y chromosome specific DNA probes.
Authors: G Vergnaud, L Kaplan, J Weissenbach, Y Dumez, R Berger, P Tiollais, G Guellaen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The feasibility of determining sex by analysing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with two probes specific for Y chromosomes was shown using DNA obtained from samples of blood from 30 non-related males and females of different ethnic origin. The DNA was spotted on nitrocellulose filters and hybridised with both a repetitive (P1) and a unique (49f) sequence specific for the human Y chromosome. A strong positive signal with both probes indicated the presence of male DNA. The sex of 12 fetuses was then similarly determined by molecular characterisation of DNA from trophoblast biopsy specimens. Chorionic samples were obtained in seven cases before termination of pregnancy in the first trimester and the aborted embryos subjected to karyotyping and sex chromatin analysis. In the five other cases samples were obtained from placentas obtained during caesarean section. Results of hybridisation were compared with those from cytogenic studies and actual sex at birth. The sex of all 12 fetuses was determined correctly by hybridisation.
The Differential Diagnosis of Diarrhea
Authors: Bertram Fleshler
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This is a disappointing book. The title and introductory remarks indicate an aim "to discuss and organize in an accessible form the causes of diarrhea and to point to the means of arriving at the correct diagnosis." Although the individual sections are informative, the volume as a whole fails to fulfill its objective of providing an approach to the differential diagnosis of the common and important clinical problem of diarrhea. To the physician who confronts a patient with diarrhea, this book is of little help in indicating when proctoscopy should be done, at what stage x-rays might be helpful, when a thorough search for parasites should be made, or, indeed, what constitutes a logical sequence of use of the many diagnostic tests and maneuvers described. The book consists of chapters in which various authorities discuss such topics as bacterial and viral diarrhea, neoplasms, malabsorption, inflammatory disease of the gut, and
Combined Analysis of Efficacy: The Addition of Bevacizumab to Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Improves Survival for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fairooz F. Kabbinavar, Julie Hambleton, Robert D. Mass, Herbert I. Hurwitz, Emily Bergsland, Somnath Sarkar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA), a recombinant, humanized anti–vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody that inhibits tumor angiogenesis, has demonstrated survival benefit in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer when combined with irinotecan/fluourouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV; IFL). Three randomized clinical studies have evaluated bevacizumab in combination with FU/LV alone. A combined analysis of raw data from these studies was performed to better assess the efficacy of bevacizumab with FU/LV. Patients and Methods The analysis used primary efficacy data from three independent studies, including 241 patients in a combined control group receiving either FU/LV or IFL and 249 patients receiving FU/LV/bevacizumab (5 mg/kg once every 2 weeks). The efficacy data included response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results The median duration of survival was 17.9 months in the FU/LV/bevacizumab group, compared with 14.6 months in the combined control group, corresponding to a hazard ratio for death of 0.74 (P = .008). The median duration of progression-free survival was 8.8 months in the FU/LV/bevacizumab group, compared with 5.6 months in the combined control group, corresponding to a hazard ratio for disease progression of 0.63 (P ≤ .0001). The addition of bevacizumab also improved the response rate (34.1% v 24.5%; P = .019). Conclusion The addition of bevacizumab to FU/LV provides a statistically significant and clinically relevant benefit to patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer.
Labour pledges to raise NHS wages in line with inflation
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Previous studies have shown that thymic extracts possess antitumor and antimetastatic properties, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. Therefore, in this study the ability of the gross thymic extract Thymax to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) cells in vitro was evaluated. Tumor cells were cultured with different concentrations of Thymax for 24 h and the apoptotic response was assessed by propidium iodide and TUNEL assays. Activation of caspases and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were monitored by flow cytometry and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was determined by Western blot analysis. Thymax induced apoptosis in monolayer MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner; at concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% (v/v) it caused 9%, 10% and 25% apoptosis, respectively, as compared to 6% for control cancer cells without treatment. The induction of apoptosis by Thymax was associated with activation of caspases 8 and 9, and the addition of a pan caspase inhibitor partially inhibited Thymax-induced apoptosis by 20% . In addition, the MMP was decreased significantly at Thymax concentrations of 5%-20%, which was associated with a decrease in the protein expression of Bcl-2 and an increase in Bax. These results suggest that Thymax exerts its effects via the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and may represent a new class of adjuvants for the treatment of breast cancer.
Clinitest-Tablet Ingestion and Stricture of the Esophagus
Authors: Leonard S. Danzig
Journal: JAMA (1965)

OBSERVATIONS of accidental ingestion of Clinitest tablets have seldom been encountered in the medical literature. These tablets, which are employed by diabetics in urine testing, contain, among other components, sodium hydroxide. This compound is the cause of esophageal stricture which frequently occurs after ingestion. The following case report is presented to stress the importance of early treatment with adrenocortical steroids and antibiotics. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old man swallowed two Clinitest tablets on March 20, 1963. Although denied by the patient, this was probably a suicide attempt, since he did attempt suicide six weeks later by other means. The ingestion of the tablets was immediately followed by burning at the level of the sternal notch. He thereupon took vinegar by mouth and one half hour later was given orange juice and corn oil, which induced vomiting and resulted in relief of pain. Several hours later waves of excruciating pain
Standards for adult sickle cell disease aim to reduce gaps in care
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Adults with acute crises caused by sickle cell disease should start analgesia within 30 minutes of arrival at hospital, be assessed for potentially life threatening complications, and be seen by specialist staff, recommend new UK standards for best practice published today.

A multidisciplinary working group, including haematologists, specialist nurses, and commissioners, developed the standards in response to research that shows an unexpectedly high number of deaths from unknown causes in people with sickle cell disease and a general lack of awareness among health professionals of how to manage the condition.

A study earlier this year by the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) of patients with sickle cell disease showed that the cause of death was unknown for more that 25% of patients who had died in hospital. Expert …
Improvement of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with natural interferon alpha
Authors: Naoki Hiramatus, Norio Hayashi, Akinori Kasahara, Hideki Hagiwara, Tetsuo Takehara, Yoshimichi Haruna, Masafumi Naito, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
Effect of <scp>L</scp>-Thyroxine on Bone Mass
Authors: Michael Weissel, Doris Kerö, Wolfgang Woloszczuk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 February 1991Effect of L-Thyroxine on Bone MassMichael Weissel, MD, Doris Kerö, MD, Wolfgang Woloszczuk, PhDMichael Weissel, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Doris Kerö, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Wolfgang Woloszczuk, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-4-339_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In their recent article, Stall and colleagues (1) conclude that thyroxine-treated women with low serum thyrotropin levels lose bone mineral from the spine more rapidly than do women without known thyroid disease. We are, however, somewhat at loss in evaluating the clinical importance of this elegant study.Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (follicular or papillary) are treated with doses ofL-thyroxine that are meant to suppress thyrotropin secretion even after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation. The rationale behind the use of this therapeutic procedure is the fear that thyrotropin can stimulate the growth or activity of metastases or...References1. StallHarrisSokollDawson-Hughes GSLB. Accelerated bone loss in hypothyroid patients overtreated with L-thyroxine. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:265-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Crile G. The endocrine dependancy of certain thyroid cancers and the danger that hypothyroidism may stimulate their growth. Cancer. 1957;10:1119-36. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. StallHarrisSokollDawson-Hughes GSLB. Accelerated bone loss in hypothyroid patients overtreated with L-thyroxine. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:265-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RibotTremollieresPuillesLouvet CFJJ. Bone mineral density and thyroid hormone therapy. Clin Endocrinol. 1990;33:143-53. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GarrelDelmasMalavalTourniaire DPLJ. Serum bone gla protein: a marker of bone turnover in hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;62:1052-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MeltonEddyJohnston LDC. Screening for osteoporosis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:516-28. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Second Medical University Clinic 1090 Vienna Austria PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDetermination of bone mineral density by quantitative computed tomography and single photon absorptiometry in subclinical hyperthyroidism: a risk of early osteopaenia in post-menopausal women 15 February 1991Volume 114, Issue 4Page: 339-340KeywordsBoneFearSpineThyroidThyroid carcinomaThyroid diseasesThyroid-stimulating hormoneThyrotropin releasing hormoneThyroxine Issue Published: 15 February 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Prevalence of Sjögren's syndrome in autoimmune diseases.
Authors: J Coll, A Rives, M.C Griñó, J Setoain, J Vivancos, A Balcells
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Investigations were carried out in 122 patients in order to identify features of Sjögren9s syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia). There were 78 patients with autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis 21, scleroderma 16, sicca syndrome 16, primary biliary cirrhosis 14, and other autoimmune disorders 11), 11 patients with chronic liver disease other than primary biliary cirrhosis, and 33 patients with a variety of non-autoimmune conditions or no obvious disease. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was diagnosed by Schirmer9s test and rose bengal staining. The oral component was diagnosed by labial biopsy and salivary scintigraphy. Forty nine patients had a definite Sjögren9s syndrome, and 77 patients had the syndrome definitely or probably. Definite Sjögren9s syndrome occurred in 62% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, in 69% of patients with scleroderma, and in 71% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Sjögren9s syndrome was not present in any of the patients with non-autoimmune conditions. These results show that in an unselected group of patients with Sjögren9s syndrome the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (26%), scleroderma (22%), sicca syndrome (22%), and primary biliary cirrhosis (20%) is similar. Also the occurrence of Sjögren9s syndrome in primary biliary cirrhosis is even higher than that in rheumatoid arthritis.
Coronary artery disease in women
Authors: P. Bourdillon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

strategies but have little or no leverage with general practice fundholders to implement them.The emphasis on general practice fundholders as purchasers is a move away from population based purchasing, which took into account the major influences on health.'It is not clear how a local population perspective of health and health care needs developed by health authorities will be able to influence general practice fimdholders.Furthermore, if health authorities are to become the new "regulators" of general practice fundholders4 all their resources will be taken up with this time consuming task, which will increase the transaction costs inherent in the internal market.
TCT-623 Area Of Myocardium At Risk And Lesion Length Are Predictors Of Functionally Significant Coronary Artery Stenoses Assessed By Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Dennis Wong, Om Narayan, Brian S. Ko, James Cameron, Darryl Leong, Sujith Seneviratne, Ian T. Meredith, Yuvaraj Malaiapan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Spares for anaesthetic machines
Authors: J E Everitt
Journal: BMJ (1976)

health food stores.It was estimated that if the patients adhered to the diet they would receive in the region of 18 g of fibre per day.We do not claim that bran tablets have any "magical," properties that cannot be obtained with a sensible HRD or ordinary miller's bran, but tablets which are specifically prescribed are more convenient for the patient than a diet and are more likely to be regularly taken.
THE RELATION OF THE HYPOPHYSIS TO ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
Authors: Elliott C. Cutler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

An operative technique was evolved permitting successful partial hypophysectomy in guinea pigs. Such animals, when immunized to Bacillus typhosus, produced specific agglutinins in the same quantity and at the same rate as unoperated and operation controls immunized at the same time and by the same method. In guinea pigs previously immunized to Bacillus typhosus and hen red blood corpuscles partial hypophysectomy had no effect on the continued production and persistence of typhoid agglutinins, hemagglutinins, and hemolysins. In guinea pigs immunized to Bacillus typhosus both the continued ingestion and the intraperitoneal injection of the whole pituitary gland extract (Burroughs Wellcome) had no effect on the subsepuent agglutinin titers as compared to that of normal animals. The experiments would appear to show either that the hypophysis does not play an important direct or indirect part in the production of and persistence in the blood of typhoid agglutinins, hemagglutinins, and hemolysins, or that the amount of hypophysis left behind in the operation in order to maintain life is adequate also to exercise the degree of functional influence on these processes which the entire hypophysis conceivably exercises.
Targeting of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>VacA to mitochondria
Authors: Antoine Galmiche, Joachim Rassow
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

One of the major virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori is the vacuolating toxin VacA. It has been known for a long time that the toxin enters host cells by endocytosis. On the other hand there is ample evidence that VacA is able to trigger apoptosis and this effect has been attributed in part to interactions with mitochondria. However, for 10 years it was difficult to reconcile the obvious accumulation of VacA in endosomes with mitochondrial targeting. The accessibility of the mitochondria to the toxin was enigmatic. In our new study, we investigated the activities of p34, the toxic subunit of VacA, in more detail. We found that the p34 N-terminus carries a unique targeting sequence for import into mitochondria and for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. By forming an anion channel in this membrane, the toxin has the ability to interfere directly with mitochondrial functions. Taking into account additional results from independent studies, we discuss the implications of our findings with respect to intracellular traffic, the remarkable possibility of a direct transfer of VacA from endosomes to mitochondria, and VacA-dependent cell death.