tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Pitx2c</i> and <i>Nkx2-5</i> Are Required for the Formation and Identity of the Pulmonary Myocardium
Authors: Mathilda T.M. Mommersteeg, Nigel A. Brown, Owen W.J. Prall, Corrie de Gier-de Vries, Richard P. Harvey, Antoon F.M. Moorman, Vincent M. Christoffels
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The pulmonary vein is sleeved by myocardium, which is a major source of atrial fibrillation and is involved in congenital sinus venosus defects. Little is known about the cellular origin and mechanism of formation of the pulmonary myocardium. We observed a biphasic process of pulmonary myocardium formation in mice. Firstly, a myocardial cell population forms de novo at the connection of the pulmonary vein and the atrium. Genetic labeling revealed that atrial cells do not contribute to this population, indicating it forms by differentiation of pulmonary mesenchymal cells. Secondly, these pulmonary myocardial cells initiate a phase of rapid proliferation and form the pulmonary myocardial sleeve. Pitx2c-deficient mice do not develop a pulmonary myocardial sleeve because they fail to form the initial pulmonary myocardial cells. Genetic-labeling analyses demonstrated that whereas the systemic venous return derives from Nkx2-5-negative precursors, the pulmonary myocardium derives from Nkx2-5-expressing precursors, indicating a distinct origin of the 2 venous systems. Nkx2-5 and its target gap-junction gene Cx40 are expressed in the atria and in the pulmonary myocardium but not in the systemic venous return, which expresses the essential pacemaker channel Hcn4. When Nkx2-5 protein level was lowered in a hypomorphic model, the pulmonary myocardium switched to a Cx40-negative, Hcn4-positive phenotype resembling that of the systemic venous return. In conclusion, our data suggest a cellular mechanism for pulmonary myocardium formation and highlight the key roles played by Pitx2c and Nkx2-5 in its formation and identity.
THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS INTO THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF HUMAN LEUKEMIC LEUKOCYTES AND PLATELETS*
Authors: Barry G. Firkin, William J. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

also found that P32 is rapidly incorporated into the phospholipids of platelets, but is incorporated only slowly into the phospholipids of erythrocytes.Observations were made on the in vitro incorporation of P32 into the phospholipids of platelets and leukemic leukocytes.Active incorporation of P32 by all phospholipid components of both formed elements was demonstrated, with the greatest in- corporation occurring in inositol phosphatide and a component believed to be phosphatidic acid.
Gene Therapy for Immunodeficiency Due to Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Authors: Alessandro Aiuti, Federica Cattaneo, Stefania Galimberti, Ulrike Benninghoff, Barbara Cassani, Luciano Callegaro, Samantha Scaramuzza, Grazia Andolfi, Massimiliano Mirolo, Immacolata Brigida, Antonella Tabucchi, Filippo Carlucci, Martha Eibl, Memet Aker, Shimon Slavin, Hamoud Al-Mousa, Abdulaziz Al Ghonaium, Alina Ferster, Andrea Duppenthaler, Luigi Notarangelo, Uwe Wintergerst, Rebecca H Buckley, Marco Bregni, Sarah Marktel, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Pier Luca Rossi, Fabio Ciceri, Roberto Miniero, Claudio Bordignon, Maria-Grazia Roncarolo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

We investigated the long-term outcome of gene therapy for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to the lack of adenosine deaminase (ADA), a fatal disorder of purine metabolism and immunodeficiency.
Endotoxin Exposure May Protect Against The Development Of Rhinoconjunctivitis and Respiratory Symptoms In Non-Atopic Individuals With Occupational Exposure To Mice
Authors: Sharon K. Ahluwalia, Roger Peng, Charles Aloe, Wayne G. Shreffler, Mary Krevans, Karol A. Hagberg, Peter S. Thorne, Kenneth Walsh, Elizabeth Matsui
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Differential Expression of α <sub>1</sub> Type VIII Collagen in Injured Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB–Stimulated Rat Carotid Arteries
Authors: Michelle P. Bendeck, Stephan Regenass, W. David Tom, Cecilia M. Giachelli, Stephen M. Schwartz, Charles Hart, Michael A. Reidy
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Migration of smooth muscle cells from media to intima is critical for the development of neointimal thickening after balloon catheter injury of the rat carotid artery. The present experiments were designed to identify molecules expressed by smooth muscle cells migrating in vivo in the injured artery. Cell migration was maximized by infusing recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) after a minimal filament denudation of the rat carotid artery, whereas cell proliferation was minimized by injecting an antibody against basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This treatment caused an eightfold increase in smooth muscle cell migration into the intima but only a twofold increase in intimal smooth muscle cell replication rates. Differential display screening was used to isolate cDNAs that were overexpressed in the injured PDGF-BB–treated versus unmanipulated rat carotids. One of the clones isolated hybridized to a 4.2-kb mRNA species and shared 90% sequence homology to mouse α 1 type VIII collagen. Northern and Western blots confirmed overexpression of type VIII collagen in the injured PDGF-BB–treated vessels. In a separate series of experiments, we performed filament denudation injury and administered antibodies to inhibit the actions of endogenous bFGF and PDGF-BB, thereby decreasing smooth muscle cell migration, and found that type VIII collagen mRNA expression varied with migration. Using a different arterial injury model (balloon catheter injury), we showed that expression of type VIII collagen was maximal 2 to 4 days after injury, in coincidence with cell migration from the media to the intima. This molecule constitutes an important component of smooth muscle cell response to vessel injury and may play an important functional role in mediating migration.
Total body water and total body potassium in ileostomy patients before and after conversion to the continent ileostomy.
Authors: B Ojerskog, H Andersson, I Bosaeus, H Brevinge, L O Nilsson
Journal: Gut (1988)

Total body water (TBW) and total body potassium (TBK) were studied in 40 ileostomists before (with conventional ileostomy) and one year after conversion to a continent ileostomy. Each patient acted as his own control. Total body water was determined by using an isotope dilution technique and TBK by counting the gamma radiation from the naturally present nuclide 40K in a whole body counter. Measured values of TBW and TBK were compared intraindividually (conventional versus continent ileostomy) and also with 9normal values9 obtained from the same laboratory and based on a multiple regression analysis of data from 476 healthy controls. There was no evidence of water or potassium depletion in ileostomy patients, neither before nor after construction of the continent ileostomy.
How does perceiving eye direction modulate emotion recognition?
Authors: Laurence Conty, Julie Grèzes, David Sander
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Niedenthal et al. postulate that eye contact with the expresser of an emotion automatically initiates embodied simulation. Our commentary explores the generality of such an eye contact effect for emotions other than happiness. Based on the appraisal theory of emotion, we propose that embodied simulation may be reinforced by mutual or averted gaze as a function of emotional context.
Cardiac Expression of Placental Growth Factor Predicts the Improvement of Chronic Phase Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hajime Iwama, Shiro Uemura, Noriyuki Naya, Kei-ichi Imagawa, Yasuhiro Takemoto, Osamu Asai, Kenji Onoue, Satoshi Okayama, Satoshi Somekawa, Yoshitomi Kida, Yukiji Takeda, Kimihiko Nakatani, Minoru Takaoka, Hiroyuki Kawata, Manabu Horii, Tamio Nakajima, Naofumi Doi, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE p53 GENE
Authors: David Sidransky, M.D, Monica Hollstein, Ph.D
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1996)

▪ Abstract The capacity for malignant growth is acquired by the stepwise accumulation of defects in specific genes regulating cell growth and tissue homeostasis. Although several hundred genes are known to control growth, molecular genetic studies in cancer show that few of these are consistently involved in the natural history of human cancer, and those typically in only certain types of malignancy. Prospects for development of molecular-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies with widespread application did not look promising, until it was realized that the p53 tumor suppressor gene was defective in approximately half of all malignancies. This discovery generated research efforts of unparalleled intensity to determine how p53 functions at the molecular level, and how to apply this knowledge to clinical ends.
FAT CELLS: Afferent and Efferent Messages Define New Approaches to Treat Obesity
Authors: Max Lafontan
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2004)

For a long time neural and endocrine messages were studied for their impact on adipocyte metabolism and control of storage/release of fatty acids. In fact, bidirectional communication exists between adipocytes and other tissues. Several molecules secreted from adipocytes are involved in fat cell signaling to other tissues. Adipocyte products could initiate antagonistic effects on target tissues. Fat cells produce peptides that can elicit insulin resistance, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and resistin, as well as hormones that can improve insulin resistance, such as leptin and adiponectin. Secretion of complement proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, procoagulant, and acute phase reactant proteins have also been observed in adipocytes. There is much to learn about how these signals function. It is unlikely that all the adipocyte's endocrine and paracrine signals have been identified. Putative pharmacological strategies aiming at modulation of afferent and efferent fat cell messages are reviewed and discussed.
Antibodies to endothelial cells in Behcet's disease: cell-binding heterogeneity and association with clinical activity.
Authors: R Cervera, M Navarro, A Lopez-Soto, M C Cid, J Font, J Esparza, J C Reverter, J Monteagudo, M Ingelmo, A Urbano-Marquez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of antibodies to endothelial cells (aEC) from large vessel and from microvasculature in a group of patients with Behçet's disease (BD) to determine the relationship of these antibodies with clinical and laboratory features of the disease. METHODS--Thirty patients with BD were prospectively and consecutively studied. The aEC were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein (large vessel) as well as from retroperitoneal adipose tissue (microvasculature). RESULTS--Fifteen patients (50%) had aEC, either directed to large vessel \[8(26%) patients] or microvascular [13(43%) patients] endothelial cells. The percentage of active patients was significantly higher in the aEC-positive group [12(80%) patients] compared with the aEC-negative group [5(33%) patients\] (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS--Patients with BD have a high prevalence of aEC when microvascular endothelial cells are used in the assay. These antibodies seem to be a marker of disease activity in this condition, previously considered as negative for autoantibodies.
Early fish introduction and neonatal antibiotics affect the risk of asthma into school age
Authors: Emma Goksör, Bernt Alm, Rolf Petterson, Per Möllborg, Laslo Erdes, Nils Åberg, Göran Wennergren
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  The early introduction of fish has been reported to reduce the risk of wheezing disorder in early childhood, while broad-spectrum antibiotics in the first week have been associated with an increased risk. However, it is uncertain whether the effects remain into school age. The aim of this study was to explore these risk factors for doctor-diagnosed asthma at 8 years.   Methods:  Data were obtained from a prospective, longitudinal study of a cohort of children born in western Sweden. The parents answered questionnaires at 6 months and 1, 4.5 and 8 years of age. The response rate at 8 years was 80% (4,051 of 5,044 questionnaires distributed).   Results:  At 8 years of age, 5.7% reported current doctor-diagnosed asthma. Of these, 65% had atopic asthma and 35% non-atopic asthma. In the multivariate analysis, atopic heredity, male gender and own allergic disease during infancy were risk factors for doctor-diagnosed asthma at 8 years. In addition, the introduction of fish before the age of 9 months independently reduced the risk (adjusted OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.96), while broad-spectrum antibiotics in the first week independently increased the risk of current asthma at school age (aOR 2.3; 1.2-4.2). Regarding types of asthma, the effects were significant in atopic asthma but not in non-atopic asthma.   Conclusion:  The early introduction of fish and neonatal antibiotic treatment influence the risk of asthma into school age. The significant effect on atopic asthma is of particular importance, as this phenotype is of major clinical significance.
Actinic superficial folliculitis
Authors: None Labandeira, None Suarez-Campos, None Toribio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We report a 31‐year‐old man with sterile follicular pustules on the shoulders, trunk and arms, recurring every year within 48–72 h of the year's first exposure to the sun. Both clinical and histological characteristics match those of the condition first described in 1985 under the name actinic superficial folliculitis. We discuss possible relationships with other similar conditions.
Transient rearrangements of the T cell antigen receptor alpha locus in early thymocytes.
Authors: T Lindsten, B J Fowlkes, L E Samelson, M M Davis, Y H Chien
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The dull Ly-1 double-negative (Ly-1dull, Lyt-2-, L3T4-) subpopulation appears to be the major precursor group of T lymphocytes in the thymus. In examining the status of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes for T cell receptors (TCR) in this population of cells and hybridomas made from them, we find that all of these loci appear to begin DNA rearrangements in a nearly simultaneous fashion. In the case of the gamma genes, these involve V gamma----J gamma C gamma gene rearrangements; with the beta chain genes, both D beta----J beta C beta rearrangement and V beta----D beta J beta C beta rearrangements are evident; and in the case of the alpha locus, assayed in part by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, they take the form of a novel series of rearrangements occurring 80 kb or more 5' to the C alpha gene. These alpha locus rearrangements are well away from any of the J alpha gene segments found in cDNA clones to date and are deleted in most mature thymocytes and functional T cell lines. Therefore they appear to represent a distinct class of rearrangement that occurs before V alpha----J alpha joining. These distinctions between the character of the TCR gene rearrangements in these cells represent useful markers in further distinguishing different stages of T cell differentiation within this compartment of early T cells. In addition, the unexpected discovery of clonal rearrangements so far away from any of the expressed J alpha gene segments, and at a stage where there is little or no stable C alpha RNA present, has interesting implications for the hierarchy of TCR gene expression.
Premature atherosclerosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: preliminary data
Authors: P R J Ames
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To investigate the atherosclerosis hypothesis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS).The intima media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries and other cardiovascular risk factors was measured in 20 patients with PAPS (mean (SD) age 35 (12) years) and in 20 controls matched for age and sex (34 (12) years).The frequency of smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia was similar in the two groups, but plasma homocysteine was higher in patients with PAPS (mean (SD) 11.9 (6.2) v 8.2 (3.4) micromol/l, p = 0.037). The IMT was slightly greater in patients with PAPS than in controls at the carotid bifurcation (mean (SD) 0.61 (0.24) v 0.48 (0.09) mm, p = 0.04) and internal carotid artery (0.52 (0.22) v 0.40 (0.08), p = 0.01). These differences were more evident in patients aged >40 years than in those aged <30 years at the carotid bifurcation (0.76 (0.25) v 0.55 (0.06), p = 0.0007) and internal carotid artery (0.63 (0.25) v 0.45 (0.09), p = 0.02); no differences were seen in the younger age group compared with controls.Atherosclerosis is a possibility in patients with PAPS in their fourth decade of life or older.
Platelet serotonin in systemic sclerosis.
Authors: P S Klimiuk, A Grennan, C Weinkove, M I Jayson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Platelet serotonin concentrations were measured in 43 patients with systemic sclerosis, in 11 patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon, and in 38 normal controls. Patients with the CREST variant (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) had significantly lower platelet serotonin concentrations than normal controls. Patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis had normal platelet serotonin concentrations. In patients with CREST treatment with ketanserin, a specific serotonin antagonist, normalised platelet serotonin concentrations. These data provide further evidence suggesting that in systemic sclerosis, particularly the CREST variant, there is widespread platelet activation.
The clinical spectrum of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Vincent S. Beltrani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

Updating our clinical concept of atopic dermatitis (AD) evolves from the better understanding of all the immunologic aberrations expressed by the polygenic combinations and permutations associated with the atopic diathesis. Recognizing the immunopathologic features of AD readily underscores that AD without "atopy" is an oxymoron. Appreciating "pruritus" as the impetus to scratch, which isomorphically gives rise to the "eczema," shifts the goal of management from suppressing inflammation to avoiding the triggers of pruritus. Recognizing the full spectrum of dermatologic findings in AD endorses the preferred label as a dermatitis , rather than the inferred restrictive label, atopic eczema . As our knowledge of immunology evolves, our criteria for the diagnosis and management of the atopic diathesis are sure to change. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:S87-98.)
Long-Term Complications of Lymphoma and Its Treatment
Authors: Andrea K. Ng, Ann LaCasce, Lois B. Travis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

As a result of therapeutic advances, there is a growing population of survivors of both Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). A thorough understanding of the late effects of cancer and its treatment, including the risk of developing a second malignancy and non-neoplastic complications, most notably cardiac disease, is essential for the proper long-term follow-up care of these patients. For HL survivors cured in the past 5 decades, a large body of literature describes a range of long-term effects, many of which are related to extent of treatment. These studies form the basis for many of the follow-up recommendations developed for HL survivors. As HL therapy continues to evolve, however, with an emphasis toward treatment reduction, in particular for early-stage disease, it will be important to rigorously observe this new generation of patients long term to document and quantify late effects associated with modern treatments. Although data on late effects after NHL therapy have recently emerged, the formulation of structured follow-up plans for this heterogeneous group of survivors is challenging, given the highly variable natural history, treatments, and overall prognosis. However, the chemotherapy and radiation therapy approaches for some types of NHL are similar to that for HL; thus, some of the follow-up guidelines for patients with HL may also be transferrable to selected survivors of NHL. Additional work focused on treatment-related complications after NHL will facilitate the development of follow-up programs, as well as treatment refinements to minimize late effects in patients with various types of NHL.
Amphotericin B Potentiation of the Cytotoxicity of Anticancer Agents Against Both Normal Hematopoietic and Leukemia Cells in Mice2
Authors: Fred Valeriote, Gerald Medoff, Sandra Tolen, Julia Dieckman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Dose-response curves in AKR or CD2F1 mice were obtained for AKR leukemia, L1210 leukemia, and hematopoietic stem cells following in vivo administration of one of the following anticancer agents alone or in combination with amphotericin B (AmB): doxorubicin, lomustine, or melphalan. AmB potentiated drug cytotoxicity of all agents against both leukemias. Potentiation of all three agents was greatest with the AKR leukemia demonstrating dose-modifying factor (DMF) values of 1.8, 3.0, and 2.7, respectively, for lomustine, melphalan, and doxorubicin. L1210 leukemia was somewhat less sensitive to drug potentiation by AmB with respective DMF values of 1.8, 1.8, and 1.3. AmB did not potentiate the action of any agent against hematopoietic stem cells. The increased life-span assays generally confirmed the clonogenic assays supporting the validity of the latter results. The specificity of AmB potentiation of anticancer agent cytotoxicity for tumor cells indicates that AmB may be a useful addition to antitumor drug combinations.
Fatty Liver Increases the Association of Metabolic Syndrome With Diabetes and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Juan G. Juárez-Rojas, Aida X. Medina-Urrutia, Esteban Jorge-Galarza, Carmen González-Salazar, Eric Kimura-Hayama, Guillermo Cardoso-Saldaña, Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez, Rocio Martínez-Alvarado, Carlos Posadas-Romero
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To analyze the participation of fatty liver (FL) in the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery calcification (CAC). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 765 subjects (52% women) aged 30 to 75 years without clinical atherosclerosis were included in this study. MS was defined in accordance with the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) guidelines, while FL and CAC were identified by computed tomography. RESULTS There were increasing frequencies of type 2 diabetes and CAC in all three groups: control, MS without FL, and MS plus FL. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that FL increased the association of MS with type 2 diabetes in both women [odds ratio 10.6 (95% CI 3.4–33.7)] and men [12.1 (4.1–36.1)]. In women, FL also increased the association of MS with CAC [2.34 (1.07–5.12)]. CONCLUSIONS FL increases the association of MS with type 2 diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis.