tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hype from journalists and scientists
Authors: W. Bodmer
Journal: BMJ (1992)

uses current investment to defray dividends owing to past investors, which can possibly work only in an expanding economy (and is a questionable business practice).This is now being questioned.The famous buck referred to by Heginbotham stopped with Harry Truman, not some anonymous purchaser health authority.Truman did not avoid uncomfortable decisions, even in 1948 when he fought for his political life.It is in this spirit of personal integrity and accountability that the experimental Oregon scheme should be viewed.
Hemophiliacs with Inhibitors: Therapeutic Options
Authors: Harold R. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

There are about 12,000 patients in the United States with classic hemophilia. Most can be treated effectively with factor VIII concentrates, but about 15 per cent acquire specific inhibitors (antibodies) to factor VIII that may render replacement therapy with factor VIII ineffective. Thus, a suggestion made in 1972 — that "activated" prothrombin-complex concentrates (PCCs) contained a substance or substances that would "bypass" factor VIII inhibitor activity — was met with great excitement.1 These observations were followed by anecdotal reports that "unactivated" PCCs were also effective in patients with classic hemophilia inhibitors.2 Both "activated" and "unactivated" PCCs contain various amounts of . . .
A Rare Presentation of Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration Secondary to Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: David Cachia, Saef Izzy, Thomas Smith, Carolina Ionete
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Effect of obstructive cholestasis on membrane traffic and domain-specific expression of plasma membrane proteins in rat liver parenchmal cells
Authors: Bruno Stieger, Peter J. Meier, Lukas Landmann
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of bile duct ligation and its release on membrane traffic and plasma membrane protein distribution in rat hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence studies with monoclonal antibodies against six domain–specific surface antigens revealed that bile duct ligation leads to an accumulation of pericanalicular vesicles containing canalicular antigens. All apical antigens could be demonstrated in the basolateral plasma membrane, whereas only one out of three basolateral antigens redistributed to the canalicular plasma membrane. After release of bile duct ligation, the accumulated pericanalicular vesicles disappeared within minutes, whereas the plasma membrane polarity was not restored within 1 hr. Monitoring secretion of polymeric IgA and horseradish peroxidase into bile demonstrated that bile duct ligation also inhibits the transcytotic vesicle pathway and severely impairs the function of tight junctions. In contrast, bile duct ligation appears not to affect the endoplasmic reticulum to basolateral membrane traffic as assessed by determination of newly synthesized albumin and transferrin in serum nor does it influence receptor mediated endocytosis at the basolateral plasma membrane. (Hepatology 1994;20:201-212.)
Cyril William Holmes Havard
Authors: J. Havard
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Cyril William Holmes Havard blamed his first name on the bishop who christened him in 1925. “William” or “Bill” was always his usual name, but his insightful parents realised that the initials WC could cause problems at school. Both his parents were special in their own ways. His mother, Aimee, was English and came from an entrepreneurial family of tin platers in Llanelli. As a very young woman she was one of the first ever female drivers for the Ministry of Munitions in the first world war. In her later years, she had a speedboat and took to flying lessons in her 70s. His father was born to Welsh farming stock in Brecon and was actually the second William Thomas Havard, as his older brother had died in childhood, like other siblings. He went into the church and served in France during the first world war as a chaplain, something he never talked about. He did, however, earn a …
X-RAY EVIDENCE OF EMOTIONAL INFLUENCES UPON ESOPHAGEAL FUNCTION
Authors: WILLIAM B. FAULKNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

1. Esophageal function is definitely altered by emotional factors. 2. Fear, anxiety, apprehension, anger and inadequacy often cause esophageal spasm with narrowing of the esophageal lumen and the production of esophageal symptoms. 3. Joy, achievement, sense of well-being and other positive emotions usually cause the esophageal spasm to disappear and the lumen opens. 4. These changes can be observed directly with the esophagoscope while they are occurring, and indirectly with the fluoroscope and x-ray. 5. Since emotional-functional alteration and organic disease may coexist, a primary diagnosis of psychosomatic dysfunction should not be made until all other causes of malfunction have been eliminated.
Endocrine Disorders in the Elderly
Authors: J. C. Stewart, G. J. Vidor
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Endotracheal intubation is commonly performed outside the operating room (OR). Although respiratory therapists (RTs) performing endotracheal intubation is a well-established practice, the optimum way for RTs to be trained and maintain their skills is unspecified. The purpose of this study was to describe training methods and skills maintenance methods and to identify barriers that prevent RTs from intubating in some institutions. <h3>METHODS:</h3> A survey instrument was developed by the author. The survey was posted on the AARConnect online social media platform management section in March of 2015 after approval from our institutional review board and approval from the American Association for Respiratory Care board of directors. Respondents from institutions where RTs intubate received questions about RT training and skill maintenance, whereas the other respondents received questions about barriers to RTs performing endotracheal intubation. Both groups answered questions about attitudes about endotracheal intubation practice. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> There were 74 respondents who completed the survey. Half (50%) of the respondents were from institutions where RTs performed endotracheal intubation. These institutions were larger in bed capacity and had more adult ICU beds. Other demographic data were similar. The most common training methods identified were simulation training (86%), supervised intubations (84%), and classroom training (65%). Classroom training lasted a mean of 4.3 h with a range of 1–16 h. The majority (91%) were required to complete 10 or fewer supervised endotracheal intubations before competency validation. Skill recertification was automatic if a minimum number of endotracheal intubations were performed annually in 78% of centers, and 11% required a written test or classroom training annually. The primary barrier cited for RTs not intubating was lack of need. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Endotracheal intubation training for RTs varied among those surveyed. Simulation training and supervised endotracheal intubations were the most common training methods. Endotracheal intubation recertification methods were also wide-ranging, with most RTs being recertified if completing a minimum number of endotracheal intubations.
Functional significance of stenoses in coronary artery bypass grafts
Authors: Liesbeth P. Salm, Jeroen J. Bax, Hubert W. Vliegen, Susan E. Langerak, Petra Dibbets, J. Wouter Jukema, Hildo J. Lamb, Ernest K.J. Pauwels, Albert de Roos, Ernst E. van der Wall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Intrahepatic CD8+ T-lymphocyte response is important for therapy-induced viral clearance in chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Thjon J. Tang, Jaap Kwekkeboom, Shanta Mancham, Rekha S. Binda, Robert A. de Man, Solko W. Schalm, Johannes G. Kusters, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Echocardiographic assessment of the evolution of amyloid heart disease: a study with familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
Authors: M Hongo, S Ikeda
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To determine the evolution of amyloid heart disease, 28 patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) were studied by echocardiography. The incidence and degree of the abnormalities were correlated with the neurologic disabilities, duration of the illness, and age in cross-sectional studies. Serial studies were performed in 12 patients, who were followed for a mean of 27.7 months. At the initial examinations, left ventricular diastolic function was reduced in six patients, while systolic function was preserved in eight. On follow-up there occurred significant increases in ventricular septal wall thickness (from 10.7 +/- 3.1 to 13.1 +/- 3.2 mm; p less than .01) and posterior wall thickness (from 11.8 +/- 2.5 to 13.5 +/- 2.3 mm; p less than .01), and reductions in the E-F slope of the mitral valve (from 64.4 +/- 18.8 to 43.9 +/- 11.0 mm/sec; p less than .01), percent fractional shortening (from 36.5 +/- 9.4% to 28.8 +/- 8.2%; p less than .02), and left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (from 46.2 +/- 6.1 to 42.4 +/- 6.2 mm; p less than .001). At the final examinations, marked ventricular hypertrophy was found in three patients, reduced left ventricular diastolic function in all, impaired systolic function in nine, and decreased left ventricular internal dimension in three. In addition, highly refractile myocardial echoes had appeared in two patients, pericardial effusion in three, and valve thickening in two. We conclude that amyloid heart disease in patients with FAP develops slowly but progressively.
ABDOMINAL VS. VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY FOR UTERINE CARCINOMA.
Authors: JOHN B. DEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The choice of route for hysterectomy must be selected for each case. It is my desire to present a concise résumé of the reasons for each, and the advantages they offer in the cases to which they are applicable. The views laid down are those of the general surgeon, and are based on an experience in this work that justifies, I think, an opinion. It has been claimed that vaginal hysterectomy is an operation that requires special training and attention to detail and technique which can only be acquired by the specialist. I can not, however, allow this statement to go unchallenged, for I believe that the general surgeon, with his larger field and constant application to detailed technique, is equally well, if not better, equipped to perform every operation of gynecology than is the specialist himself. Who to-day, but in exceptional instances, would dream of amputating a carcinomatous mammary
The use of antibody to C<sub>5b−9</sub>in the subclassification of lupus erythematosus
Authors: C.M. MAGRO, A.N. CROWSON, T.J. HARRIST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Fifty-five patients with biopsy-proven cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) were identified in whom a prospective and retrospective review of the clinical and laboratory data allowed subclassification into systemic (SLE), subacute (SCLE), or discoid (DLE) variants. In addition to conventional direct immunofluorescence, an indirect immunofluorescent technique, using a monoclonal antibody, was employed to assess deposition of the membranolytic attack complex (C5b-9) in skin lesions. Deposition of C5b-9 within the epidermis correlated with a diagnosis of SCLE with or without antibodies to Ro and was seen in SLE patients with antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens Ro, La, Sm, and RNP, and in DLE patients with positive antinuclear antibodies and/or extracutaneous manifestations. In the SLE group, vascular C5b-9 deposition was present in six patients. Of these, four had circulating lupus anticoagulant, one had lymphocytic vasculitis, and two had antibodies to Ro. In two patients with SLE there was keratinocyte decoration for immunoglobulin G but not for C5b-9, in the absence of seropositivity for antibodies to Ro, La, Sm, and ribonucleoprotein (RNP). The immunohistological examination of skin lesions using a monoclonal antibody to C5b-9 is a valuable adjunct in the subclassification of LE. The presence of C5b-9 within skin lesions of patiens with LE implies a pathogenic role for complement-mediated pore formation.
Lesson of the week: Tinea capitis in adults
Authors: D. A Buckley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Tinea capitis should be considered in all adults with a patchy inflammatory scalp disorder 

Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) is uncommon after puberty. When it occurs in adults the clinical features may be atypical and this may delay the diagnosis.1 Unless the possibility of dermatophyte infection is considered, unnecessary investigations may be performed and inappropriate treatment prescribed, as illustrated in the four cases described below.

### Case 1

A 45 year old Afro-Caribbean woman had had an itchy pustular eruption of the scalp with associated hair loss for several months. Her general practitioner had treated it unsuccessfully with neomycin and gramicidin ointment and oral flucloxacillin and metronidazole. During this period the woman underwent lymph node aspiration and chest radiography because she had an enlarged but painless cervical lymph node. Cytological examination showed a mixed population of lymphocytes, indicating reactive changes; in addition, the surgical house officer observed that the woman had “quite a nasty rash on her scalp.”

At the time of her referral to the dermatology clinic she had circumscribed areas of hair loss over the crown, with peripheral inflammation, pustules, and scaling (fig 1). Culture of bacterial swabs had negative results and a presumptive diagnosis …
Interferon-α in acute posttransfusion hepatitis C:. A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Lluis Viladomiu, Joan Genescà, Juan I. Esteban, Helena Allende, Antonio González, Juan Carlos López-Talavera, Rafael Esteban, Jaime Guardia
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

ABSTRPlCT To assess the efficacy of interferon–α in acute hepatitis C, 28 patients with acute posttransfusion hepatitis were randomized to receive 3 million units of recombinant interferon–α three times weekly for 12 wk or no treatment. Biochemical, histological and serological parameters were monitored during 1 yr of follow–up. Serum ALT levels were normal at the end of therapy in 73% of treated patients and only in 38% of control patients (p = 0.06); these differences disappeared at 6 and 12 mo of follow–up. Anti-hepatitis C virus seroconversion occurred later and at a lower rate in the group of patients who received interferon–α. Treated patients had a trend toward less severe hepatic lesions with lower histological activity as compared with the control group, but no statistical differences were observed. No severe side effects of interferon–α were detected during the study. In summary, a 3–mo course of interferon–α in acute hepatitis C is safe and might have some effect in diminishing disease activity only during the treatment period; however, and probably because of a small sample size, no benefit of interferon–α in the long–term outcome of this disease was demonstrated. (Hepatology 1992;15:767-769).
Intra-abdominal Abscess and Peritonitis
Authors: MARK FRITZE, KEVIN MARSHALL, E IDE SMITH, JOE C. LEONARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Biliary atresia occurs with an incidence of one out of every 8,000 to one out of every 13,000 live births and is fatal unless diversionary procedure is performed, usually prior to 12 weeks of age. Complications of such a procedure include ascending cholangitis, obstruction, and abscess formation. The nuclear and ultrasound findings in a case of post-operative peritonitis is presented.
Suppression of reaginic antibody (IgE) formation in mice by treatment with anti-mu antiserum.
Authors: D D Manning, J K Manning, N D Reed
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Neonatally initiated injection of anti-mu antiserum in mice has been shown to suppress the formation of reaginic antibodies in response to infection with the intestinal nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. This observation supports the hypothesis that IgE-producing cells arise from IgM-bearing precursors.
Survival after diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension: Single center experience with transplantation and preoperative therapy with prostacyclin analogues
Authors: Michael Dandel, Dagmar Kemper, Yuguo Weng, Sead Mulahasanovic, Hans B. Lehmkuhl, Bernhard Schulz, Martin Bettmann, Susanne Kapell, Heidrun Böttcher, Manfred Hummel, Roland Hetzer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Plasma levels of soluble thrombomodulin increase in cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation with organ failure
Authors: Hidesaku Asakura, Hiroshi Jokaji, Masanori Saito, Chika Uotani, Ichiro Kumabashiri, Eriko Morishita, Masahide Yamazaki, Tamotsu Matsuda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

We examined the changes in plasma levels of soluble thrombomodulin in 66 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), to investigate the damage to vascular endothelial cells and its relationship to multiple organ failure. A significant elevation of plasma levels of soluble thrombomodulin was observed in most cases of DIC, especially in patients with sepsis. However, no such significant elevation was observed in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Plasma levels of both soluble thrombomodulin and active plasminogen activator inhibitor were higher in the cases of DIC with multiple organ failure than in those without multiple organ failure. The levels of soluble thrombomodulin were decreased with the clinical improvement in most cases of DIC but were further increased or remained at high levels in patients who showed no improvement of DIC. It was suggested that an increase in soluble thrombomodulin indicates the damage to the vascular endothelial cells in cases of DIC and that the damage to vascular endothelial cells plays some role in further progression of multiple organ failure.
THE RACES THAT CONSTITUTE THE GROUP OF COMMON FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Raymond C. Parker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. Under appropriate conditions, fibroblasts are able to multiply in serum, at a slow rate, for very long periods. 2. The rate of multiplication of fibroblasts in a given sample of serum depends entirely upon the nature of the strain. Cell races endowed with a high residual growth energy multiply more rapidly in serum than those whose growth potencies are of a lower order. 3. Fibroblasts, in the beginning, multiply more abundantly in plain serum than in heparinized serum, and also more abundantly in heparinized serum than in herparinized plasma. Later, these differences become less pronounced. 4. The first effect of serum on fibroblasts is invariably injurious, the degree of injury differing according to the nature of the cell strain and the age of the animal from which the serum is derived. With the passage of time, however, the colonies undergo gradual improvement, both in the appearance of the component cells and in their rate of proliferation. 5. In media containing embryonic tissue juice, or other growth-activating substances, fibroblasts form colonies that are isomorphic and composed of isomorphic cells. In serum, fibroblasts form colonies of heteromorphic appearance. Each colony becomes composed of cells that differ from one another, to a more or less marked degree.
Effects of ethanol on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Akira Takada, Jinichi Nei, Shujiro Takase, Yoshiro Matsuda
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Although primary hepatoma is not very frequent in alcoholics, the incidence of hepatoma in cases of hepatitis B infection combined with heavy alcohol drinking is high. In the present study, the effects of chronic alcohol administration onthe development of chemicalinduced hepatic cancer in rats were analyzed. In 70% hepatectomized Wistar strain male rats, asingle dose (1 mg per 100 gm body weight) of diethylnitrosamine was injected intraperitoneally. Eight weeks after the injection, 20% alcohol–10% sucrose solution (diethylnitrosamine–alcohol group), 0.1% sodium phenobarbital solution (diethylnitrosamine–phenobarbital group), 10% sucrose solution (diethylnitrosamine–sucrose group) or tap water (diethylnitrosamine–alone group) was given as drinking water for 32 weeks. The numbers of visible nodules per liver were significantly greater in the diethylnitrosamine–alcohol and diethylnitrosamine–phenobarbital groups compared to the diethylnitrosaminealone and diethylnitrosamine–sucrose groups. The numbers of enzyme–altered foci which were positive to γ–glutamyl transpeptidase staining per square centimeter of liver section were also greater in the diethylnitrosamine–alcohol and diethylnitrosamine–phenobarbital groups than in the diethylnitrosamine–alone and diethylnitrosamine–sucrose groups, although the numbers of nodules and enzyme–altered foci were significantly larger in the diethylnitrosamine–phenobarbital group than in the diethylnitrosamine–alcohol group. The enzyme–altered foci areas calculated by γ–glutamyl transpeptidase staining were significantly larger in the diethylnitrosamine–alcohol and diethylnitrosamine–phenobarbital groups than in the diethylnitrosamine–alone and diethylnitrosamine–sucrose groups. Histologically, visible nodules observed in diethylnitrosamine–phenobarbital and diethylnitrosamine–alcohol groups showed characteristic features of neoplastic nodules. These results indicate that alcohol has a promoter action on the development of chemically induced hepatic cancer like phenobarbital.
Silicone Gel Breast Implants
Authors: David Miller Wise
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The FDA accuses the CSA, and by extension the AMA House of Delegates, of "a missed opportunity" to ask "hard questions and insist on the answers."<sup>1</sup>Hogwash! The FDA refuses to admit it missed its opportunity in 1976 to require scientific data be presented about the safety of silicone gel implants. This is an obvious attempt to exonerate the FDA by shifting blame to physicians. Statistically significant, prospective scientific studies concerning silicone gel implants in humans will not be completed for several years. The data were not known to surgeons or the FDA in 1976. Dr Kessler and colleagues use faulty logic to create a transparent double standard: they apologize for FDA inactivity years ago when data were lacking, then hold physicians responsible now for not acting on the same data that are still not available. What the FDA didn't know in 1976, we should have