tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fecal excretion of human deoxyribonucleic acid as an index of inflammatory activity in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Francesc Casellas, Maria Antolı́n, Encarnación Varela, Ana Garcı́a-lafuente, Francisco Guarner, Natalia Borruel, José Ramón Armengol Miró, Juan-Ramón Malagelada
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)
Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a real surrogate endpoint of outcome for all breast cancer subtypes? Results of a single institution experience.
Authors: Paola Fuso, Mariantonietta Di Salvatore, Ernesto Rossi, Armando Orlandi, Carmelo Pozzo, Alessandra Cassano, Antonio Astone, Carlo Barone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e11613 Background: The prognostic value of pCR on survival seems to be different in various breast cancer subtypes and is still a matter of debate. We investigated the association between intrinsic breast cancer subtypes and outcome in terms of pCR and survival. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 162 patients with locally advanced breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Histologic type, grading, Ki67, ER, PgR and HER2 status were assessed in the primary tumor core biopsy. Classification of intrinsic subtypes (luminal A-like, luminal B-HER negative, luminal B-HER positive, HER2 positive-non luminal, triple negative (TN)) was defined according to ESMO guidelines. We considered as pCR the absence of any residual invasive cancer on resected breast specimen and on all sampled ipsilateral lymph nodes. Survival curves have been established according to the Kaplan-Meier’s method. Results: The median of follow-up was 41 months (range 36 – 99 months). pCR was obtained in 17.9% of patients. There was a statistically significance difference in terms of pCR between breast cancer subtypes (p 0,007) with HER2 positive/non luminal achieving 47% of pCR, TN 33%, luminal B/HER2 positive 32% and luminal A and luminal B/HER2 negative respectively 8% and 10%. Event free survival (EFS) was significantly improved in patients who achieved a pCR compare to their counterpart (p 0.001), independent from breast cancer subtypes. The subgroup analysis demonstrates that in HER2-positive (luminal and non luminal) (p 0.04) and in TN tumors (p 0.05) pCR was associated with an improvement in EFS. Conclusions: Our findings, according with other published data, confirmed that pCR might be a surrogate prognostic factor of EFS. Moreover, patients with HER2 positive or TN breast cancers achieving pCR after NAC have a much better prognosis compared to their counterparts not achieving. Overall, our data suggest that interpretation of efficacy of NAC might be improved by a selective focus on specific subtypes of breast cancer and many efforts have to be made in order to improve molecular characterization of each subgroup and to design future tailored clinical trials.
P50 A local assessment of the escalating impact of pulmonary nodule surveillance and its relationship to patient outcomes in a DGH
Authors: LD Calvert, S Chatterji, F Miller, SO Brij, A Nakas
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent national emphasis on increased awareness to improve detection of early lung cancer has led to dramatic increases in CT chest scans being performed. Consequently, increased detection of incidental lung nodules requires monitoring. In response, we set up a dedicated Nodule Surveillance Service (2 physicians, 1 radiologist, 1 surgeon, 1 tracker). To determine likely future service requirements, we assessed current resource allocation to nodule surveillance and related this to patient outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients discussed though our local Nodule Surveillance Service over 6 months were identified, and their electronic records reviewed. <h3>Results</h3> 107 patients (64 male) undergoing surveillance were discussed November 2012-May 2013: 71 had single nodules, 36 multiple. This constituted an average 25 extra patient-discussions/month. Mean age 67years (range 39–93years); smoking status 27 current, 53 ex-smokers, 22 non-smokers. Referral pathways: 2WW 37, inpatients 15, angiograms 6, PE service 5, respiratory OPD 17, other MDT 4, OPD 11, GP 3. Only 4/107 patients (3.7%) had high suspicion for lung cancer at outset, - 2 confirmed at surgery, 1 received radiotherapy (age 91yrs), 1 declined treatment. No further pathology was detected from surveillance. So far, a total of 246 CTs have been performed with 72 awaited (table 1). Fifteen patients had PET-CT (all low SUV). Fourteen underwent bronchoscopy (normal). Two had CT biopsy (benign), 2 declined biopsy, 2 were smaller at biopsy. One benign lesion was resected (patient choice). Only 28 patients have been discharged from surveillance; 10/28 resolved on 3month CT, 3/28 resolved on 6month CT, 15/28 stable on 12month CT. Fleischner guidance was accurately followed in 67%, most deviance due to delayed timing of 6month CT. Twenty-nine (27%) were discussed without documented nodule size. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nodule surveillance has put a significant burden on local Thoracic-Oncology services. No unexpected pathology was encountered during this surveillance period. Until clear clinical and/or radiological identifying factors for high risk patients are understood and rationalised, nodule surveillance will have to continue. There are cost implications not only for Radiology and Respiratory services, but also to patients’ emotional and physical well-being. This highlights the continued need for clear surveillance protocols supported by service development.
Requirement of Arsenic Biomethylation for Oxidative DNA Damage
Authors: Chikara Kojima, Dario C. Ramirez, Erik J. Tokar, Seiichiro Himeno, Zuzana Drobná, Miroslav Stýblo, Ronald P. Mason, Michael P. Waalkes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Inorganic arsenic is an environmental carcinogen that may act through multiple mechanisms including formation of methylated derivatives in vivo. Sodium arsenite (up to 5.0 microM) renders arsenic methylation-competent TRL1215 rat liver epithelial cells tumorigenic in nude mice at 18 weeks of exposure and arsenic methylation-deficient RWPE-1 human prostate epithelial cells tumorigenic at 30 weeks of exposure. We assessed the role of arsenic biomethylation in oxidative DNA damage (ODD) using a recently developed immuno-spin trapping method.Immuno-spin trapping was used to measure ODD after chronic exposure of cultured TRL1215 vs RWPE-1 cells, or of methylation-competent UROtsa/F35 vs methylation-deficient UROtsa human urothelial cells, to sodium arsenite. Secreted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity, as analyzed by zymography, cellular invasiveness by using a transwell assay, and colony formation by using soft agar assay were compared in cells exposed to arsenite with and without selenite, an arsenic biomethylation inhibitor, to assess the role of ODD in the transition to an in vitro cancer phenotype.Exposure of methylation-competent TRL1215 cells to up to 1.0 microM sodium arsenite was followed by a substantial increase in ODD at 5-18 weeks (eg, at 16 weeks with 1.0 microM arsenite, 1138% of control, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 797% to 1481%), whereas exposure of methylation-deficient RWPE-1 cells to up to 5.0 microM arsenite did not increase ODD for a 30-week period. Inhibition of arsenic biomethylation with sodium selenite abolished arsenic-induced ODD and invasiveness, colony formation, and MMP-2 and -9 hypersecretion in TRL1215 cells. Arsenic induced ODD in methylation-competent UROtsa/F35 cells (eg, at 16 weeks, with 1.0 microM arsenite 225% of control, 95% CI = 188% to 262%) but not in arsenic methylation-deficient UROtsa cells, and ODD levels corresponded to the levels of increased invasiveness, colony formation, and hypersecretion of active MMP-2 and -9 seen after transformation to an in vitro cancer phenotype.Arsenic biomethylation appears to be obligatory for arsenic-induced ODD and appears linked in some cells with the accelerated transition to an in vitro cancer phenotype.
Points: Activity after myocardial infarction
Authors: A W. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Choosing a practice SIR,-The last section in the paper by Dr Brian Beaumont and Dr Malcolm McCoubrie (10 March, p 761) gives a varied list of "practice progonistic signs," but unfortunately the authors do not state the significance of these qualities.We are a coffee drinking, Christmas party giving practice, devoid of drug firm goodies and with a smoking partner.Our trainee is confused as to whether these signs bode good or ill for the future.
A Clinical Lecture on the Sleeping Sickness: Delivered at Charing Cross Hospital, October, 1898
Authors: P. Manson
Journal: BMJ (1898)

GENTLEMEN,-I propose to speak to you this afternoon about the two negro boys who have beeln in Alexandra Ward for the last few weeks.They come from a village called Mbanza Manteka, on the Lower Congo, and were brought to England principally through the instrumentality and enlightened benevolence of Dr. Grattan Guinness and the missionary body he represents.They were brought to this country partly that they might have the chance of treatment under conditions more favourable than any their own homes could supply, partly that they might afford an opportunity for careful study of the deadly disease from which they are suffering.Although it is not likely that any of you, unless you should visit the West Coast of Africa, will ever see similar cases again, nevertheless their study is capable of affording useful lessons of a practical character.Apart from suchpractical considerationth ere is much about these cases of theoretical interest.If the medical student aspires, as he should aspire, to be a student of medicine, he must be catholic, and embrace in his studies all forms of disease, no matter though some of these diseases happen to
Cardiac Alternans Do Not Rely on Diastolic Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Content Fluctuations
Authors: Eckard Picht, Jaime DeSantiago, Lothar A. Blatter, Donald M. Bers
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Cardiac alternans are thought to be a precursor to life-threatening arrhythmias. Previous studies suggested that alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content are either causative or not associated with myocyte Ca2+ alternans. However, those studies used indirect measures of SR Ca2+. Here we used direct continuous measurement of intra-SR free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]SR) (using Fluo5N) during frequency-dependent Ca2+ alternans in rabbit ventricular myocytes. We tested the hypothesis that alternating [Ca2+]SR is required for Ca2+ alternans. Amplitudes of [Ca2+]SR depletions alternated in phase with cytosolic Ca2+ transients and contractions. Some cells showed clear alternation in diastolic [Ca2+]SR during alternans, with higher [Ca2+]SR before the larger SR Ca2+ releases. However, the extent of SR Ca2+ release during the small beats was smaller than expected for the modest decrease in [Ca2+]SR. In other cells, clear Ca2+ alternans was observed without alternations in diastolic [Ca2+]SR. Additionally, alternating cells were observed, in which diastolic [Ca2+]SR fluctuations occurred interspersed by depletions in which the amplitude was unrelated to the preceding diastolic [Ca2+]SR. In all forms of alternans, the SR Ca2+ release rate was higher during large depletions than during small depletions. Although [Ca2+]SR exerts major influence on SR Ca2+ release, alternations in [Ca2+](SR) are not required for Ca2+ alternans to occur. Rather, it seems likely that some other factor, such as ryanodine receptor availability after a prior beat (eg, recovery from inactivation), is of greater importance in initiating frequency-induced Ca2+ alternans. However, once such a weak SR Ca2+ release occurs, it can result in increased [Ca2+]SR and further enhance SR Ca2+ release at the next beat. In this way, diastolic [Ca2+]SR alternans can enhance frequency-induced Ca2+ alternans, even if they initiate by other means.
Strong evidence against platelet-rich plasma injections for chronic lateral epicondylar tendinopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Robert-Jan de Vos, Johann Windt, Adam Weir
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Chronic lateral epicondylar tendinopathy is frequent in athletes, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is being used increasingly in its treatment.To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of PRP injections for chronic lateral epicondylar tendinopathy.The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline OvidSP, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched in October 2013. Inclusion criteria were a clinical diagnosis of chronic lateral epicondylar tendinopathy, a randomised controlled trial, an intervention with a PRP injection and the outcome measures described in terms of pain and/or function. One author screened the search results and two authors independently assessed the study quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score. A study was considered to be of high quality if its PEDro score was ≥6. A best evidence synthesis was used to identify the level of evidence.6 studies were included, of which four were considered to be of high quality. Three high-quality studies (75%) and two low-quality studies showed no significant benefit at the final follow-up measurement or predefined primary outcome score when compared with a control group. One high-quality study (25%) showed a beneficial effect of a PRP injection when compared with a corticosteroid injection (corticosteroid injections are harmful in tendinopathy). Based on the best evidence synthesis, there is strong evidence that PRP injections are not efficacious in chronic lateral epicondylar tendinopathy.There is strong evidence that PRP injections are not efficacious in the management of chronic lateral elbow tendinopathy.
(32) Verrucous hyperplasia of the tongue—response to etretinate
Authors: H.A. JENKINSON, S. NAPIER, A.G. LEONARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article (32) Verrucous hyperplasia of the tongue—response to etretinate Get access H.A. JENKINSON, H.A. JENKINSON Whiteabbey Hospital, Co. Antrim:, School of Dentistry. Royal Victoria Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. NAPIER, S. NAPIER Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry. Royal Victoria Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.G. LEONARD A.G. LEONARD Department of Plastic Surgery, Ulster Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue s40, 1 July 1992, Pages 68–69, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb01257.x Published: 01 July 1992
The role of molecular chaperones in spermatogenesis and the post-testicular maturation of mammalian spermatozoa
Authors: Matthew D. Dun, R. John Aitken, Brett Nixon
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2012)

Spermatogenesis culminates in production of one of the most highly differentiated cells in biology, the spermatozoon. The gametes that emerge from the testes are, however, functionally immature and only acquire full functionality once they have completed a process of post-testicular maturation in the epididymis and female reproductive tract. Remarkably, this acquisition of sperm function occurs while these cells are transcriptionally and translationally silent and is therefore highly dependent on post-translational modifications to their existing protein complement. In this review, we consider the emerging roles of several prominent molecular chaperone families in orchestrating both the morphological differentiation of male germ cells during spermatogenesis and their functional transformation during sperm maturation. Journal databases were searched using key words, including chaperone, heat shock protein, testes, spermatogenesis, spermatozoa, epididymal maturation, capacitation and fertilization. In the past two decades, molecular chaperones have been acknowledged to play key roles in controlling both the morphological transformation of germ cells during spermatogenesis and the post-testicular maturation of these cells as they transit the male and female reproductive tracts. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that aberrant chaperone expression may be a major contributing factor to the defective sperm function seen in many cases of male infertility. Molecular chaperones are critically involved in all phases of sperm development. Targeted disruption of these proteins has the ability to arrest spermatogenesis, compromise sperm maturation and inhibit fertilization. These proteins therefore hold considerable promise as targets for novel contraceptive strategies and as diagnostic biomarkers for male infertility.
Osteomalacia in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: S O'Driscoll, M O'Driscoll
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Fifty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis and severe osteomalacia were found to have considerable bone and general deficiency problems. In 46 of them 14 stress fractures occurred and 32 minimal trauma fractures necessitating admission to hospital. Radiological abnormalities of absorption were found in nearly 25% of the total, implying that dietary factors alone are not always responsible for osteomalacia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A high index of suspicion is necessary in the diagnosis of osteomalacia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, so they may benefit from treatment.
Mutations of the Uromodulin gene in MCKD type 2 patients cluster in exon 4, which encodes three EGF-like domains
Authors: Matthias T.F. Wolf, Bettina E. Mucha, Massimo Attanasio, Isabella Zalewski, Stephanie M. Karle, Hartmut P.H. Neumann, Nazneen Rahman, Birgit Bader, Conrad A. Baldamus, Edgar Otto, Ralph Witzgall, Arno Fuchshuber, Friedhelm Hildebrandt
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Pathophysiological Changes in the Lungs During Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: Robert S. Cartwright, Thomas P. K. Lim, Ulrich C. Luft, William E. Palich
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

An attempt has been made to determine the optimal method of managing the lungs during cardiopulmonary bypass. The chemical behavior (oxygen saturation, acid-base balance) of the pulmonary venous blood indicates (a) that static inflation of the lungs with either a gas mixture of high oxygen content or ambient air is sufficient to maintain a proper internal milieu for the pulmonary vasculature when the bronchial collateral flow is the sole pulmonary perfusate, and (b) that in adult human beings artificial respiration up to 2 L./min. is necessary when the pulmonary perfusate consists of the coronary venous blood in addition to the bronchial collateral flow. The effective application of the heart-lung bypass procedure in physiological investigation is depicted by the studies on metabolic rate of the lung tissues and the measurement of bronchial flow. It is estimated that the bronchial collateral flow amounts to 8.8 ml./ min. or 0.7 per cent of the total systemic flow, and that the oxygen consumption of the lungs averages 1.6 ml./min. or 1 to 2 per cent of the total metabolic rate in the open-chest dogs. The pulmonary compliance did not change following either passive deflation or static inflation, but is transiently reduced after artificial respiration.
Postoperative Radiotherapy for Pathologic N2 Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Need for Randomized Evidence
Authors: Cécile Le Péchoux, Ariane Dunant, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Pascal-Alexandre Thomas, Nicolas Pourel, Delphine Lerouge, John Edwards, Paul Van Schil, Ramon Rami-Porta, Eric Dansin, Ursula Nestle, Elie Fadel, Gerard Zalcman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)
Collapsing glomerulopathy in systemic autoimmune disorders: a case occurring in the course of full blown systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Z Amoura
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A growing body of psychophysical research reports theta (3-8 Hz) rhythmic fluctuations in visual perception that are often attributed to an attentional sampling mechanism arising from theta rhythmic neural activity in mid- to high-level cortical association areas. However, it remains unclear to what extent such neuronal theta oscillations might already emerge at early sensory cortex like the primary visual cortex (V1), e.g. from the stimulus filter properties of neurons. To address this question, we recorded multi-unit neural activity from V1 of two macaque monkeys viewing a static visual stimulus with variable sizes, orientations and contrasts. We found that among the visually responsive electrode sites, more than 50 % showed a spectral peak at theta frequencies. Theta power varied with varying basic stimulus properties. Within each of these stimulus property domains (e.g. size), there was usually a single stimulus value that induced the strongest theta activity. In addition to these variations in theta power, the peak frequency of theta oscillations increased with increasing stimulus size and also changed depending on the stimulus position in the visual field. Further analysis confirmed that this neural theta rhythm was indeed stimulus-induced and did not arise from small fixational eye movements (microsaccades). When the monkeys performed a detection task of a target embedded in a theta-generating visual stimulus, reaction times also tended to fluctuate at the same theta frequency as the one observed in the neural activity. The present study shows that a highly stimulus-dependent neuronal theta oscillation can be elicited in V1 that appears to influence the temporal dynamics of visual perception.
Acute cardiovascular protective effects of corticosteroids are mediated by non-transcriptional activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Ali Hafezi-Moghadam, Tommaso Simoncini, Zequan Yang, Florian P. Limbourg, Jean-Christophe Plumier, Michela C. Rebsamen, Chung-Ming Hsieh, Dao-Shan Chui, Kennard L. Thomas, Alyson J. Prorock, Victor E. Laubach, Michael A. Moskowitz, Brent A. French, Klaus Ley, James K. Liao
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Trends in asthma and hay fever in general practice in the United Kingdom 1976-83.
Authors: J G Ayres
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Weekly returns from the Royal College of General Practitioners research unit indicate that the attack rates for acute asthmatic episodes show a summer peak followed by an autumn peak in five out of the eight years studied, a summer peak alone in one year, and no discernible peak in two years. The autumn peaks coincide precisely with the rise in acute bronchitis attack rates, suggesting that autumnal asthma may be due to viral infections occurring against the background of bronchial hyperreactivity induced by summer pollen exposure. These data might also suggest that autumnal asthma is more likely to be diagnosed as acute bronchitis. Hay fever attack rates coincide with the rise in grass pollen counts, whereas the summer asthma peak is delayed by two to three weeks after the pollen peak.
Routine surgical follow up: do surgeons agree?
Authors: A. Waghorn, J. Thompson, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The move to primary care led purchasing in the NHS1 is focusing attention on the role of outpatient review, especially for postoperative patients. General practitioners have questioned whether such routine reviews could be reduced, describing them as of limited clinical value and a waste of patients' time.2 Some surgeons agree, noting that most patients' postoperative problems are identified by general practitioners before their appointment.3 The limited evidence available suggests that there are indeed opportunities for change. A randomised controlled trial comparing postoperative follow up in outpatient clinics and general practice found no difference in readmission rates or mortality, and patients were equally satisfied with either method.4 The general practice option was, however, cheaper for both the patient and the …