tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary induced subclinical vitamin K deficiency in normal human subjects.
Authors: G Ferland, J A Sadowski, M E O'Brien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

A subclinical vitamin K deficiency was induced in 32 healthy subjects (four groups of eight males and females) aged 20-40 and 60-80 yr residing in the Metabolic Research Unit of the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts Univer- sity.Volunteers were initially fed (4 d) a baseline-period diet containing the recommended daily allowance for vitamin K which is equivalent to 80 ;tg/d of phylloquinone (vitamin K1).During the baseline period various parameters of vitamin K nutritional status were monitored.The baseline period was fol- lowed by a 13-d depletion period during which the subjects were fed a very low vitamin K1 diet (-10 ;ug/d).After depletion, the subjects entered a 16-d repletion period (four stages lasting 4 d each) during which time they were repleted with 5, 15, 25, and 45 ,ug of vitamin K1 per day.Vitamin K1 depletion dramati- cally and significantly decreased plasma vitamin K1 levels (P < 0.0001) in both elderly and young groups to values 13-18% of day 1 (elderly 0.22 nM, young 0.14 nM).Repleting the subjects with up to 45 ;ig of vitamin K1 per day failed, in the case of the young subjects, to bring plasma vitamin K1 levels back into the normal range.Dietary vitamin K1 restriction in- duced different responses in the urinary excretion of-y-carboxy- glutamic acid between the young and the elderly subjects with values decreasing significantly (P < 0.03) in the young while remaining unchanged in the elderly.The vitamin K1 depletion period had no significant effect on either prothrombin and acti- vated partial thromboplastin times, or Factor VII and protein C (as determined by antigenic and functional assays).By using a monoclonal antibody, descarboxy prothrombin was found to increase slightly but significantly in both groups (P < 0.05) as a consequence of the low vitamin K1 diet.This study clearly shows that a diet low in vitamin K1 can result in a functional subclinical deficiency of vitamin K (decreased urinary y-carboxyglutamic acid excretion) without affecting blood coagula- tion.
Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the bioreductive drug RH1
Authors: S.J. Danson, P. Johnson, T.H. Ward, M. Dawson, O. Denneny, G. Dickinson, L. Aarons, A. Watson, D. Jowle, J. Cummings, L. Robson, G. Halbert, C. Dive, M. Ranson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Image-Guided Acoustic Therapy
Authors: Shahram Vaezy, Marilee Andrew, Peter Kaczkowski, Lawrence Crum
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2001)

▪ Abstract The potential role of therapeutic ultrasound in medicine is promising. Currently, medical devices are being developed that utilize high-intensity focused ultrasound as a noninvasive method to treat tumors and to stop bleeding (hemostasis). The primary advantage of ultrasound that lends the technique so readily to use in noninvasive therapy is its ability to penetrate deep into the body and deliver to a specific site thermal or mechanical energy with submillimeter accuracy. Realizing the full potential of acoustic therapy, however, requires precise targeting and monitoring. Fortunately, several imaging modalities can be utilized for this purpose, thus leading to the concept of image-guided acoustic therapy. This article presents a review of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy, including its mechanisms of action, the imaging modalities used for guidance and monitoring, some current applications, and the requirements and technology associated with this exciting and promising field.
Positive Association of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms With High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Yunden Droma, Masayuki Hanaoka, Masao Ota, Yoshihiko Katsuyama, Tomonobu Koizumi, Keisaku Fujimoto, Toshio Kobayashi, Keishi Kubo
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— A defect of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the lung of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) has been suggested to contribute to its exaggerated pulmonary hypertension. Several polymorphisms have been identified in the gene encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is a key enzyme responsible for NO synthesis, some of which were reported to be associated with vascular disorders. Methods and Results— We studied 41 HAPE-susceptible subjects (HAPE-s) and 51 healthy climbers (control group) in a Japanese population. We examined 2 polymorphisms of the eNOS gene, including the Glu298Asp variant and 27-base pair (bp) variable numbers of tandem repeats using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The Asp allelic frequency of the Glu298Asp variant was 25.6% in the HAPE-s and 9.8% in the controls, which was significantly different between the two groups ( P =0.0044). The eNOS4a allelic frequency of 27-bp variable numbers of tandem repeats was 23.2% in the HAPE-s, significantly higher than that of 6.9% in the controls (P =0.0016). In HAPE-s group, 11 of 41 (26.8%) subjects possessed simultaneously both of the two significant alleles, but among the controls, none did, which showed a high statistical difference between the two groups ( P =0.000059). Conclusions— Both polymorphisms of the eNOS gene were significantly associated with HAPE. A genetic background may underlie the impaired NO synthesis in the pulmonary circulation of HAPE-s. These polymorphisms could be genetic markers for predicting the susceptibility to HAPE.
The Enhanced Tumor Selectivity of an Oncolytic Vaccinia Lacking the Host Range and Antiapoptosis Genes <i>SPI-1</i> and <i>SPI-2</i>
Authors: Z. Sheng Guo, Arpana Naik, Mark E. O'Malley, Petar Popovic, Richard Demarco, Yun Hu, Xiaoyu Yin, Shuting Yang, Herbert J. Zeh, Bernard Moss, Michael T. Lotze, David L. Bartlett
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis may permit survival of a recombinant vaccinia lacking antiapoptotic genes in cancer cells compared with normal cells. We have explored the deletion of two vaccinia virus host range/antiapoptosis genes, SPI-1 and SPI-2, for their effects on the viral replication and their ability to induce cell death in infected normal and transformed cells in vitro. Indeed, in three paired normal and transformed cell types, the SPI-1 and SPI-2 gene-deleted virus (vSP) preferentially replicates in transformed cells or p53-null cells when compared with their normal counterparts. This selectivity may be derived from the fact that vSP-infected normal cells died faster than infected cancer cells. A fraction of infected cells died with evidence of necrosis as shown by both flow cytometry and detection of high-mobility group B1 protein released from necrotic cells into the culture supernatant. When administered to animals, vSP retains full ability to replicate in tumor tissues, whereas replication in normal tissues is greatly diminished. In a model of viral pathogenesis, mice treated with vSP survived substantially longer when compared with mice treated with the wild-type virus. The mutant virus vSP displayed significant antitumoral effects in an MC38 s.c. tumor model in both nude (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and immunocompetent mice (P &amp;lt; 0.05). We conclude that this recombinant vaccinia vSP shows promise for oncolytic virus therapy. Given its enhanced tumor selectivity, improved safety profile, and substantial oncolytic effects following systemic delivery in murine models, it should also serve as a useful vector for tumor-directed gene therapy.
Regulation of AID expression in the immune response
Authors: Elizabeth E. Crouch, Zhiyu Li, Makiko Takizawa, Stefan Fichtner-Feigl, Polyxeni Gourzi, Carolina Montaño, Lionel Feigenbaum, Patrick Wilson, Siegfried Janz, F. Nina Papavasiliou, Rafael Casellas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

The B cell–specific enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been shown to be essential for isotype switching and affinity maturation of antibody genes during the immune response. Conversely, AID activity has also been linked to autoimmunity and tumorigenesis. Determining how AID expression is regulated in vivo is therefore central to understanding its role in health and disease. Here we use phylogenetic footprinting and high-resolution histone acetylation mapping to accurately demarcate AID gene regulatory boundaries. Based on this strategy, we identify a novel, positive regulatory element required for AID transcription. Furthermore, we generate two AID indicator mouse strains using bacterial artificial chromosomes that faithfully recapitulate endogenous AID expression. The first strain uses a green fluorescent protein reporter to identify B cells that actively express AID during the immune response. In the second strain, AID transcription affects the permanent expression of a yellow fluorescent protein reporter in post–germinal center and terminally differentiated lymphocytes. We demonstrate the usefulness of these novel strains by resolving recent contradictory observations on AID expression during B cell ontogeny.
J. ANDERSON et al (Eds.) The 1981 Year Book of Sports Medicine
Authors: H. E. Robson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

listened to an Advent Mass in Manila Cathedral, walked round the old Fort Santiago, badly damaged during the recapture of Manila in 1945, and walked home through the magnificent Rizal Park, past the memorial to the liberator executed on that spot, and guarded 24 hours a day.A half-day trip to a volcano lying in a crater lake in a larger volcano, started off badly when the minibus broke down, but we got there eventually.Another full day trip was to a fast-running river, ascended laboriously by canoe, but with a rapid return journey down the rapids.A double capsize in the flooded river prevented us getting all the way up to a waterfall, but we arrived back at our base very wet, including the cameras.Apart from these trips, we received hospitality at lunch from Dr. Macaraeg, Secretary of the Philippines Sports Medicine Association, and his wife, from Dr. Leonard Gilbert, an American who is one of the very few permitted to work in the Philippines, and by the President of the Philippines Sports Medicine Association, Dr.
Early Experience of a Transcatheter Aortic Valve Program at a Veterans Affairs Facility
Authors: Shuab Omer, Biswajit Kar, Lorraine D. Cornwell, Alvin Blaustein, Glen N. Levine, Nadir Ali, Hani Jneid, David Paniagua, Prasad V. Atluri, Carlos F. Bechara, Panos Kougias, Maryrose Ruma, Ourania Preventza, Biykem Bozkurt, Blase A. Carabello, Faisal G. Bakaeen
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved the use of a transcatheter aortic valve in patients for whom traditional valve replacement surgery poses a high or prohibitive risk. Our hospital was one of the first Veterans Affairs facilities to launch a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) program. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate our early experience with transfemoral TAVR. <h3>Design and Setting</h3> We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who underwent TAVR during the first year of our program at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center. <h3>Participants</h3> The mean (SD) age of the patients was 77 (9) years, and their mean (SD) Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality score was 8.8 (10.7). <h3>Interventions</h3> All patients underwent TAVR with the SAPIEN transcutaneous valve. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> We evaluated operative mortality and major operative morbidity (stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure necessitating dialysis, and requirement for mechanical circulatory support, as well as vascular complications and requirement for permanent pacemaker), in addition to length of hospital stay and discharge status. <h3>Results</h3> Between December 21, 2011, and December 13, 2012, a total of 19 transfemoral TAVR procedures were performed at our center. Implantation was successful in all cases. There were no reports of operative (30-day) mortality, prosthetic valve endocarditis, renal failure necessitating dialysis, perioperative myocardial infarction or stroke, or conversion to surgical aortic valve replacement. Seven patients (37%) had mild paravalvular leak, 3 patients (16%) had moderate paravalvular leak, 2 patients (11%) had groin wound complications, 2 patients (11%) required a permanent pacemaker, 1 patient (5%) had a vascular access complication requiring endovascular repair, and 1 patient (5%) required temporary circulatory support (with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). The mean (SD) length of hospital stay after TAVR was 8.0 (5.9) days. All patients were discharged home. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Transcatheter aortic valve replacement can be performed safely and with good outcomes at a Veterans Affairs facility with a committed multidisciplinary team and substantial experience in heart valve and endovascular therapies.
Increased Expression of Estrogen Receptor-β mRNA in Male Blood Vessels After Vascular Injury
Authors: Volkhard Lindner, Sung K. Kim, Richard H. Karas, George G. J. M. Kuiper, Jan-Åke Gustafsson, Michael E. Mendelsohn
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Estrogen exerts direct effects on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells that are important for vascular protection. Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is expressed in vascular cells from males and females and may mediate some of the effects of estrogen on vascular tissue. However, we recently found that estrogen is able to protect against vascular injury in ovariectomized female ERα knockout mice. These mice express the newly described estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) in their aortas, suggesting that ERβ may also mediate some of the direct effects of estrogen on the vasculature. In this study, the level of expression of ERα and ERβ mRNA in male rat aortas was examined before and after vascular injury using en face (Häutchen) preparations and in situ hybridization. Little or no change in ERα expression was observed after vascular injury in either vascular endothelial or smooth muscle cells at any time point. In contrast, ERβ mRNA was found to be expressed markedly after balloon injury. In endothelial cells, ERβ was increased by 2 days after injury, and high levels of expression were maintained at 8 and 14 days. Furthermore, ERβ expression was high in luminal smooth muscle cells at 8 and 14 days after injury and had decreased to low levels by 28 days after injury. These data demonstrate the presence of ERβ in male vascular tissues and the induction of ERβ mRNA expression after vascular injury, supporting a role for ERβ in the direct vascular effects of estrogen.
Receptor mechanisms in the human epicardial coronary artery. Heterogeneous pharmacological response to histamine and carbachol.
Authors: R Ginsburg, M R Bristow, K Davis
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We studied isolated ring segments from a number of sites along the course of epicardial coronary arteries from 24 human hearts in order to characterize regional responsiveness to vasoactive agents. Concentration-response curves revealed heightened sensitivity to histamine in the proximal portion of the coronary arteries, and increased sensitivity to carbachol in the distal portion of these same vessels. In contrast, the response to stimulation by calcium or phenylephrine was uniform throughout the length of the vessels examined. These data suggest that regional variations in agonist response reflect heterogeneity in receptor populations along the course of the human epicardial coronary artery.
Phenotypic fidelity (or not?) of epithelial cells in the liver
Authors: Y Malato, S Naqvi, N Schurmann, R Ng, B Wang, J Zape
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Recent evidence has contradicted the prevailing view that homeostasis and regeneration of the adult liver are mediated by self duplication of lineage-restricted hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. These new data suggest that liver progenitor cells do not function solely as a backup system in chronic liver injury; rather, they also produce hepatocytes after acute injury and are in fact the main source of new hepatocytes during normal hepatocyte turnover. In addition, other evidence suggests that hepatocytes are capable of lineage conversion, acting as precursors of biliary epithelial cells during biliary injury. To test these concepts, we generated a hepatocyte fate-tracing model based on timed and specific Cre recombinase expression and marker gene activation in all hepatocytes of adult Rosa26 reporter mice with an adenoassociated viral (AAV) vector. We found that newly formed hepatocytes derived from preexisting hepatocytes in the normal liver and that liver progenitor cells contributed minimally to acute hepatocyte regeneration. Further, we found no evidence that biliary injury induced conversion of hepatocytes into biliary epithelial cells. These results therefore restore the previously prevailing paradigms of liver homeostasis and regeneration. In addition, our new vector system will be a valuable tool for timed, efficient, and specific loop out of floxed sequences in hepatocytes.
Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities
Authors: Gian-Reto Walther, Alain Roques, Philip E. Hulme, Martin T. Sykes, Petr Pyšek, Ingolf Kühn, Martin Zobel, Sven Bacher, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Harald Bugmann
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2009)
Accuracy of Calculated Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol for the Assessment of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in NIDDM Patients
Authors: Adriana Branchi, Angelo Rovellini, Adriana Torri, Domenico Sommariva
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of LDL cholesterol calculated with Friedewald's equation in the assessment of cardiovascular risk in NIDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The calculation of LDL cholesterol according to Friedewald's formula was compared with the measurement of LDL cholesterol separated by ultracentrifugation in 151 NIDDM patients with fairly good metabolic control (HbA1c ≤10%) and in 405 nondiabetic subjects. RESULTS Measured and calculated LDL cholesterol was found to be well correlated in both diabetic (r = 0.95) and nondiabetic (r = 0.97) subjects. Compared with measured LDL cholesterol, the calculated LDL cholesterol differed by ≥10% in 34% of samples from diabetic patients and in 26% of samples from nondiabetic subjects (χ2 = 3.885, P &amp;lt; 0.05). The percentage of error increased when the serum triglyceride (TG) level was ≥200 mg/dl (2.26 mmol/l) and when the ratio of VLDL cholesterol to TG was &amp;lt;0.20 or &amp;gt;0.29 in both groups of subjects. Although the percentage of error from calculated LDL cholesterol was greater in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects because of the greater prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in the former group, the misclassification of coronary heart disease risk, according to the cutoff points of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), was similar in the two groups (25% in diabetic and 22% in nondiabetic subjects). In both groups of patients, the misclassification of coronary heart disease risk was higher when calculation of LDL cholesterol produced values near the cutoff points. CONCLUSIONS Although accuracy in the estimation of LDL cholesterol is less than ideal, Friedewald's equation seems to be of value in the correct assignment of coronary heart disease risk classes in the great majority of diabetic as well as nondiabetic subjects. Caution must be exercised for subjects in whom calculated LDL cholesterol is close to the cutoff points of the NCEP guidelines.
The Epidemiology of Trachoma in Rural Kenya
Authors: Larry Schwab, Randolph Whitfield, Dennis Ross-Degnan, Paul Steinkuller, Jack Swartwood, H. Adala, N. Bakker, H. Beekhuis, G. Bisley, N. Dekkers, I. Hoshiwara, H. Mandalia, P. Mandalia, R. Meaders, J.O. Ochola, V. Sheffield
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)
Controversies in the Use of Drug-Eluting Stents for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Critical Appraisal of the Data
Authors: Rahul Sakhuja, Laura Mauri
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2010)

Acute myocardial infarction is a common and life-threatening presentation of coronary artery disease in adults. In the settings of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, significant mortality benefit has been observed in randomized trials of coronary stent procedures compared with medical therapy alone. However, data regarding procedural choices, and particularly stent choices, are limited, and significant controversy exists. Drug-eluting stents were introduced in the United States in 2003 and have been widely adopted based on profound reduction in restenosis. Yet recent years have witnessed a decline in use of drug-eluting stents in the setting of myocardial infarction due to long-term safety concerns. We review the current data regarding drug-eluting stent performance relative to bare metal stents in the setting of acute myocardial infarction with regard to effectiveness, safety, and the need for adjunctive long-term pharmacologic therapy.
The role of asymmetric dimethylarginine and arginine in the failing heart and its vasculature
Authors: Marlieke Visser, Walter J. Paulus, Mechteld A.R. Vermeulen, Milan C. Richir, Mariska Davids, Willem Wisselink, Bas A.J.M. de Mol, Paul A.M. van Leeuwen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Tobacco advertising on post offices.
Authors: S. Gray, G. Bolger, G. Ong
Journal: BMJ (1992)

7387 Midlands 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 SAB FIG 2-Dendrogram constructed from S values.The similarity between any two isolates or groups of isolates is represented by the horizontal position of the node joining them.Place of birth ofpatients is also shown
Suicide gene therapy of graft-versus-host disease induced by central memory human T lymphocytes
Authors: Attilio Bondanza, Veronica Valtolina, Zulma Magnani, Maurilio Ponzoni, Katharina Fleischhauer, Mark Bonyhadi, Catia Traversari, Francesca Sanvito, Salvatore Toma, Marina Radrizzani, Simona La Seta-Catamancio, Fabio Ciceri, Claudio Bordignon, Chiara Bonini
Journal: Blood (2005)