tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Characterization of Pathologic Lesions in Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Marianne Kambouchner, Françoise Basset, Joëlle Marchal, Jean François Uhl, Allan J. Hance, Paul Soler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The characteristic lesions of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) associate destructive granulomas containing large numbers of Langerhans cells and cysts. The lesions are usually considered to develop around small airways, and cysts are thought to result from destruction of the bronchiolar wall by the granulomatous reaction. However, the extent to which the granulomatous reaction is truly bronchocentric remains unknown, and the mode of formation of the cysts has not been defined. By using serial sections, this study aimed to explore further the relationships between pulmonary LCH lesions and distal airways, and the development of cysts. The results demonstrated that the granulomatous process of pulmonary LCH affected exclusively small airways, in an acinar distribution. The lesions extended without interruption along the bronchiolar axis, forming a continuous sheath around distal airways. The granulomatous reaction seemed to progress along the bronchiolar axis over time, extending the abnormalities in both the proximal and distal directions. Cystic lesions resulted from the destruction of the bronchiolar wall and progressive dilatation of the lumen, subsequently circumscribed by fibrous tissue. Because pulmonary LCH lesions affect and progressively destroy distal airways, it may be proper to consider the disease a bronchiolitis rather than an interstitial lung disorder.
Identification of Biomarkers for Predicting Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Response to Radiotherapy by Proteomics
Authors: Xue-Ping Feng, Hong Yi, Mao-Yu Li, Xin-Hui Li, Bin Yi, Peng-Fei Zhang, Cui Li, Fang Peng, Can-E Tang, Jian-Ling Li, Zhu-Chu Chen, Zhi-Qiang Xiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), but radioresistance remains a serious obstacle to successful treatment in many cases. To identify the proteins involved in this resistance and to evaluate their potential for predicting NPC response to radiotherapy, we first established a radioresistant subclone cell line (CNE2-IR) derived from NPC cell line CNE2 by treating the cells with five rounds of sublethal ionizing radiation. Proteomics was then performed to compare the protein profiles of CNE2-IR and CNE2, and a total of 34 differential proteins were identified. Among them, 14-3-3sigma and Maspin were downregulated and GRP78 and Mn-SOD were upregulated in the radioresistant CNE2-IR compared with control CNE2, which was conformed by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of the four validated proteins in the 39 radioresistant and 51 radiosensitive NPC tissues and their value for predicting NPC response to radiotherapy were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The results showed that the downregulation of 14-3-3sigma and Maspin and the upregulation of GRP78 and Mn-SOD were significantly correlated with NPC radioresistance and the combination of the four proteins achieved a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 88% in discriminating radiosensitive from radiaoresistant NPC. Furthermore, the resistance to ionizing radiation can be partially reversed by the overexpression of 14-3-3sigma in the CNE2-IR. The data suggest that 14-3-3sigma, Maspin, GRP78, and Mn-SOD are potential biomarkers for predicting NPC response to radiotherapy and their dysregulation may be involved in the radioresistance of NPC.
Controlled trial of intermittent aerosol therapy with sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: P H Weller, D Ingram, M A Preece, D J Matthew
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Twenty-seven patients with cystic fibrosis completed a controlled trial comparing the effects of an inhaled mucolytic drug, sodium-2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (Mistabron, UCB Pharmaceutical Division, Brussels, Belgium), with inhaled iso-osmolar hypertonic saline. As a group the 22 patients with chronic sputum production showed small but statistically significant improvement in pulmonary function tests after Mistabron therapy, both when compared with a control period, and with iso-osmolar saline results. Subjective measurements by diary card failed to show any changes. No significant changes were found in five patients with no measurable sputum production. The inhalations were given after physiotherapy and were well tolerated. There were no significant side effects. The results suggest that Mistabron has a beneficial therapeutic effect unrelated to its high osmolality, and the intermittent inhalation of Mistabron may have a role in the treatment of selected patients with cystic fibrosis.
Oligonucleotide–protamine–albumin nanoparticles: preparation, physical properties, and intracellular distribution
Authors: Vitali Vogel, Dirk Lochmann, Jörg Weyermann, Gottfried Mayer, Christos Tziatzios, Jacomina A. van den Broek, Winfried Haase, Daan Wouters, Ulrich S. Schubert, Jörg Kreuter, Andreas Zimmer, Dieter Schubert
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Physiological responses to the 6-min walk test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: T. Troosters, J. Vilaro, R. Rabinovich, A. Casas, J.A. Barberà, R. Rodriguez-Roisin, J. Roca
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The 6-min walking test (6MWT) is frequently used to assess functional capacity in chronic cardiopulmonary disorders because of its simplicity. The study examines the physiological responses during encouraged 6MWT in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary oxygen (O 2 ) uptake ( V ′ O 2 ) was measured in 20 male patients (age 66±6 yrs, forced expiratory volume in one second 45±14% predicted) during 6MWT and incremental cycling, in random order. O 2 tension in arterial blood, carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood and arterial lactate concentration ([La] art ) were obtained in the last 10 patients. During the 6MWT, V ′ O 2 showed a plateau after the 3rd min (1.39±0.28, 1.42±0.31, and 1.40±0.30 L·min −1 , 4th, 5th and 6th min, respectively), and minute ventilation ( V ′ E ) (42±8 L·min −1 ) was 91% maximal voluntary ventilation. No differences were shown between 6MWT (6th min) and peak cycling exercise in V ′ O 2 (1.40±0.30 versus 1.41±0.28 L·min −1 , respectively), cardiac frequency (126±13 versus 130±12 beats·min −1 ), or arterial respiratory blood gases. The two tests were significantly different in V ′ E (42±8 versus 47±8 L·min −1 , 6MWT versus cycling, respectively), carbon dioxide production (1.30±0.31 versus 1.45±0.18 L·min −1 ) and [La] art (2.9±1.99 versus 5.9±1.51 M). The study demonstrates that an encouraged 6-min walking test generates a high but sustainable oxygen uptake. Since the oxygen uptake plateau reflects the integrated response of the system, it may explain the high prognostic value of the 6-min walking test.
Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Mortality From Diabetes in Canada
Authors: Robert D. Brook, Sabit Cakmak, Michelle C. Turner, Jeffrey R. Brook, Dan L. Crouse, Paul A. Peters, Aaron van Donkelaar, Paul J. Villeneuve, Orly Brion, Michael Jerrett, Randall V. Martin, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Mark S. Goldberg, C. Arden Pope, Richard T. Burnett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure to air pollution can promote the development of diabetes. However, whether this relationship actually translates into an increased risk of mortality attributable to diabetes is uncertain.We evaluated the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and diabetes-related mortality in a prospective cohort analysis of 2.1 million adults from the 1991 Canadian census mortality follow-up study. Mortality information, including ∼5,200 deaths coded as diabetes being the underlying cause, was ascertained by linkage to the Canadian Mortality Database from 1991 to 2001. Subject-level estimates of long-term exposure to PM2.5 were derived from satellite observations. The hazard ratios (HRs) for diabetes-related mortality were related to PM2.5 and adjusted for individual-level and contextual variables using Cox proportional hazards survival models.Mean PM2.5 exposure levels for the entire population were low (8.7 µg/m3; SD, 3.9 µg/m3; interquartile range, 6.2 µg/m3). In fully adjusted models, a 10-µg/m3 elevation in PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increase in risk for diabetes-related mortality (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.37-1.62). The monotonic change in risk to the population persisted to PM2.5 concentration<5 µg/m3.Long-term exposure to PM2.5, even at low levels, is related to an increased risk of mortality attributable to diabetes. These findings have considerable public health importance given the billions of people exposed to air pollution and the worldwide growing epidemic of diabetes.
TCT-616 Quantification of the Functional Status of the Coronary Microvasculature Distal to Coronary Stenoses by Means of the Hyperemic Microvascular Resistance Index Does Not Require Correction for Collateral Flow Contribution
Authors: Tim P. van de Hoef, Froukje Nolte, Martijn A. van Lavieren, M. Meuwissen, Steven A. Chamuleau, Michiel Voskuil, Jose P. Henriques, Karel T. Koch, Robbert J. de Winter, Jan G. Tijssen, Jos A. Spaan, Maria Siebes, Jan Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Transcription Factor HOXC9 Regulates Endothelial Cell Quiescence and Vascular Morphogenesis in Zebrafish via Inhibition of Interleukin 8
Authors: Sandra J. Stoll, Susanne Bartsch, Hellmut G. Augustin, Jens Kroll
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

The transcription factor HOXC9 belongs to the homeobox gene family acting as developmental morphogen in several species. HOXC9 is EXPRESSED in different vascular beds in vivo. Yet vascular functions of HOXC9 have not been studied.This study was aimed at characterizing HOXC9 functions in human vascular endothelial cells and in zebrafish vascular development.HOXC9 was abundantly expressed in resting human umbilical vein endothelial cells and was downregulated by hypoxia. Overexpression of HOXC9 inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. Expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments in human umbilical vein endothelial cells identified interleukin 8 as the major HOXC9 target and demonstrated the direct binding of HOXC9 to the interleukin 8 promotor. HOXC9 overexpression led to reduced endothelial interleukin 8 production, whereas HOXC9 silencing increased interleukin 8. The antimigratory and antiangiogenic effect of HOXC9 overexpression could be rescued by external interleukin 8 administration. Corresponding to the cellular experiments, endothelial-specific overexpression of HOXC9 and morpholino-based interleukin 8 loss-of-function experiments inhibited zebrafish vascular development.The data identify HOXC9 as an endothelial cell active transcriptional repressor promoting the resting, antiangiogenic endothelial cell phenotype in an interleukin 8-dependent manner.
Volunteer Caregivers and the Management of a Total Blind/Brittle Type 1 Diabetic Student and Researcher at Yale
Authors: Robert S. Sherwin, Matthew A. Weed
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Matthew Weed is a postdoctoral researcher at Yale who has been a labile type 1 diabetic individual since age 1 year and totally blind since age 8 years. He has lived a full life that includes graduating from Yale, Princeton, and Harvard. He has also co-invented tools that help the disabled, has traveled to India, China, and throughout Europe and North America, has completed a roller blading marathon, and works with disadvantaged children.

A unique group of nearly 500 volunteer caregivers has helped Matthew to work, travel, and contribute while learning about the challenges that he has overcome and possibilities that he creates.

Matthew's family helped him monitor his …
Adaptive misbeliefs and false memories
Authors: John Sutton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract McKay &amp; Dennett (M&amp;D) suggest that some positive illusions are adaptive. But there is a bidirectional link between memory and positive illusions: Biased autobiographical memories filter incoming information, and self-enhancing information is preferentially attended and used to update memory. Extending M&amp;D's approach, I ask if certain false memories might be adaptive, defending a broad view of the psychosocial functions of remembering.
Improved effectiveness of partner notification for patients with sexually transmitted infections: systematic review
Authors: Sven Trelle, Aijing Shang, Linda Nartey, Jackie A Cassell, Nicola Low
Journal: BMJ (2007)

To examine the effectiveness of methods to improve partner notification by patient referral (index patient has responsibility for informing sex partners of their exposure to a sexually transmitted infection).Systematic review of randomised trials of any intervention to supplement simple patient referral.Seven electronic databases searched (January 1990 to December 2005) without language restriction, and reference lists of retrieved articles.Selection of trials, data extraction, and quality assessment were done by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was a reduction of incidence or prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in index patients. If this was not reported data were extracted according to a hierarchy of secondary outcomes: number of partners treated; number of partners tested or testing positive; and number of partners notified, located, or elicited. Random effects meta-analysis was carried out when appropriate.14 trials were included with 12 389 women and men diagnosed as having gonorrhoea, chlamydia, non-gonococcal urethritis, trichomoniasis, or a sexually transmitted infection syndrome. All studies had methodological weaknesses that could have biased their results. Three strategies were used. Six trials examined patient delivered partner therapy. Meta-analysis of five of these showed a reduced risk of persistent or recurrent infection in patients with chlamydia or gonorrhoea (summary risk ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.93). Supplementing patient referral with information for partners was as effective as patient delivered partner therapy. Neither strategy was effective in women with trichomoniasis. Two trials found that providing index patients with chlamydia with sampling kits for their partners increased the number of partners who got treated.Involving index patients in shared responsibility for the management of sexual partners improves outcomes. Health professionals should consider the following strategies for the management of individual patients: patient delivered partner therapy, home sampling for partners, and providing additional information for partners.
THE CONTROL OF THE RENAL EXCRETION OF WATER
Authors: James A. Shannon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. The administration of the posterior pituitary antidiuretic hormone by constant intravenous infusion has been used to examine the two characteristic actions of the hormone; namely, the facilitation of the active renal tubular reabsorption of water distally in the nephron and the inhibition of the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium proximally. 2. Experimental evidence was obtained which indicates that variations in the excretion of water and electrolyte involve the integration of these two actions with obscure variables which are discemible in the experimental data but are not subject to definition at this time. 3. Graded antidiuresis in the animal with diabetes insipidus, when normally hydrated, was only obtained in the range of 0.001 to 0.005 unit (pressor) per hour. This range of hormone administration was also found to be physiologically active in the normal animals. These observations together with others permit the placing of the normal rate of liberation of the antidiuretic hormone in a10 to 15 kilo dog in the range of 0.001 to 0.005 unit per hour.
Right Atrial and Ventricular Adaptation to Chronic Right Ventricular Pressure Overload
Authors: Sydney L. Gaynor, Hersh S. Maniar, Jeffrey B. Bloch, Paul Steendijk, Marc R. Moon
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Increased mortality in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension has been associated with elevated right atrial (RA) pressure. However, little is known about the effects of chronic right ventricular (RV) pressure overload on RA and RV dynamics or the adaptive response of the right atrium to maintain RV filling. Methods and Results— In 7 dogs, RA and RV pressure and volume (conductance catheter) were recorded at baseline and after 3 months of progressive pulmonary artery banding. RA and RV elastance (contractility) and diastolic stiffness were calculated, and RA reservoir and conduit function were quantified as RA inflow with the tricuspid valve closed versus open, respectively. With chronic pulmonary artery banding, systolic RV pressure increased from 34±7 to 70±17 mm Hg ( P &lt;0.001), but cardiac output did not change ( P &gt;0.78). RV elastance and stiffness both increased ( P &lt;0.05), suggesting preserved systolic function but impaired diastolic function. In response, RA contractility improved (elastance increased from 0.28±0.12 to 0.44±0.13 mm Hg/mL; P &lt;0.04), and the atrium became more distensible, as evidenced by increased reservoir function (49±14% versus 72±8%) and decreased conduit function (51±14% versus 28±8%; P &lt;0.002). Conclusions— With chronic RV pressure overload, RV systolic function was preserved, but diastolic function was impaired. To compensate, RA contractility increased, and the atrium became more distensible to maintain filling of the stiffened ventricle. This compensatory response of the right atrium likely plays an important role in preventing clinical failure in chronic pulmonary hypertension.
Outcomes after liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis are similar to alcoholic cirrhosis: Exploratory analysis from the UNOS database
Authors: Ashwani K. Singal, Hmoud Bashar, Bhupinderjit S. Anand, Sarat C. Jampana, Vineet Singal, Yong-Fang Kuo
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Data on liver transplantation for patients with alcoholic hepatitis are limited. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing database (2004-2010), adults undergoing liver transplantation for a listing diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis were matched for age, gender, ethnicity, and model for endstage disease (MELD) score, donor risk index, and year of transplantation with three patients transplanted for a listing diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis. Study outcomes of graft and patient survival on follow-up were also analyzed for cohorts based on the diagnosis of the explant (46 alcoholic hepatitis and 138 alcoholic cirrhosis) and diagnosis at both listing as well as of the explant (11 alcoholic hepatitis and 33 alcoholic cirrhosis). Five-year graft and patient survival of alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis patients were 75% and 73% (P = 0.97) and 80% and 78% (P = 0.90), respectively. Five-year graft and patient survival rates were also similar for cohorts based on diagnosis of the explant and diagnosis at listing as well as explant. Cox proportional regression analysis adjusting for other variables showed no impact of the etiology of liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis versus alcoholic cirrhosis) on the graft and patient survival. The causes of graft loss and patient mortality were similar in the two groups, and were not alcohol-related in any patient.Compared with alcoholic cirrhosis, patients with alcoholic hepatitis have similar posttransplantation graft and patient survival. Based on these preliminary findings, liver transplantation may be considered in a select group of patients with alcoholic hepatitis who fail to improve with medical therapy. Prospective studies are needed to assess the long-term outcome after liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.
Myocardial Cell Death in Human Diabetes
Authors: Andrea Frustaci, Jan Kajstura, Cristina Chimenti, Igor Jakoniuk, Annarosa Leri, Attilio Maseri, Bernardo Nadal-Ginard, Piero Anversa
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The renin-angiotensin system is upregulated with diabetes, and this may contribute to the development of a dilated myopathy. Angiotensin II (Ang II) locally may lead to oxidative damage, activating cardiac cell death. Moreover, diabetes and hypertension could synergistically impair myocardial structure and function. Therefore, apoptosis and necrosis were measured in ventricular myocardial biopsies obtained from diabetic and diabetic-hypertensive patients. Accumulation of a marker of oxidative stress, nitrotyrosine, and Ang II labeling were evaluated quantitatively. The diabetic heart showed cardiac hypertrophy, cavitary dilation, and depressed ventricular performance. These alterations were more severe with diabetes and hypertension. Diabetes was characterized by an 85-fold, 61-fold, and 26-fold increase in apoptosis of myocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, respectively. Apoptosis in cardiac cells did not increase additionally with diabetes and hypertension. Diabetes increased necrosis by 4-fold in myocytes, 9-fold in endothelial cells, and 6-fold in fibroblasts. However, diabetes and hypertension increased necrosis by 7-fold in myocytes and 18-fold in endothelial cells. Similarly, Ang II labeling in myocytes and endothelial cells increased more with diabetes and hypertension than with diabetes alone. Nitrotyrosine localization in cardiac cells followed a comparable pattern. In spite of the difference in the number of nitrotyrosine-positive cells with diabetes and with diabetes and hypertension, apoptosis and necrosis of myocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts were detected only in cells containing this modified amino acid. In conclusion, local increases in Ang II with diabetes and with diabetes and hypertension may enhance oxidative damage, activating cardiac cell apoptosis and necrosis.
Circulating Nitrite Contributes to Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Tienush Rassaf, Matthias Totzeck, Ulrike B. Hendgen-Cotta, Sruti Shiva, Gerd Heusch, Malte Kelm
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale: Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) with short episodes of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of an organ remote from the heart is a powerful approach to protect against myocardial I/R injury. The signal transduction pathways for the cross talk between the remote site and the heart remain unclear in detail. Objective: To elucidate the role of circulating nitrite in cardioprotection by rIPC. Methods and Results: Mice were subjected to 4 cycles of no-flow ischemia with subsequent reactive hyperemia within the femoral region and underwent in vivo myocardial I/R (30 minutes/5 minutes or 24 hours). The mouse experiments were conducted using genetic and pharmacological approaches. Shear stress–dependent stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase within the femoral artery during reactive hyperemia yielded substantial release of nitric oxide, subsequently oxidized to nitrite and transferred humorally to the myocardium. Within the heart, reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide by cardiac myoglobin and subsequent S -nitrosation of mitochondrial membrane proteins reduced mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species formation, and myocardial infarct size. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of nitric oxide/nitrite generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase at the remote site or nitrite bioactivation by myoglobin within the target organ abrogated the cardioprotection by rIPC. Transfer experiments of plasma from healthy volunteers subjected to rIPC of the arm identified plasma nitrite as a cardioprotective agent in isolated Langendorff mouse heart preparations exposed to I/R. Conclusions: Circulating nitrite derived from shear stress–dependent stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at the remote site of rIPC contributes to cardioprotection during I/R. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01259739.