tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress in malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer
Authors: C.S. Sander, F. Hamm, P. Elsner, J.J. Thiele
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is considered to be a major aetiological factor in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. A growing body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress is involved in photocarcinogenesis. However, in vivo data for human skin are still lacking. Reactive oxygen species participate in a number of pathophysiological processes including DNA damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and are considered to be a key factor in tumour progression. Objectives We hypothesized that in human skin cancer the natural redox balance is disturbed and that this imbalance may result in an accumulation of LPO products. Methods To test this, skin biopsies of superficial spreading melanoma were compared with age-matched benign melanocytic naevi and young healthy controls. Additionally, non-melanoma skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma) and actinic keratosis were investigated (n = 18 each). Expression of the antioxidant enzymes, copper–zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase was analysed by immunohistochemical techniques. To detect LPO products, protein-bound malondialdehyde (MDA) was visualized. Results In human melanoma biopsies, a significant overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes was found when compared with surrounding non-tumour tissue, benign melanocytic naevi, and young controls. Intriguingly, the LPO marker MDA was significantly increased in melanoma tissue. MDA was located not only in typical melanoma cells, but also occurred in surrounding keratinocytes. In contrast, a severely disturbed antioxidant balance with diminished antioxidant enzymes was found in non-melanoma tumours, whereas MDA was elevated only in squamous cell carcinomas. Conclusions These findings indicate that oxidative stress may play different roles in the pathogenesis of human skin cancers. In non-melanoma skin cancer, a diminished antioxidant defence caused by chronic UV exposure might contribute to multistep carcinogenesis, whereas melanoma cells exhibit increased oxidative stress which could damage surrounding tissue and thus support the progression of metastasis.
C-CURE MULTICENTER TRIAL: LINEAGE SPECIFIED BONE MARROW DERIVED CARDIOPOIETIC MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FOR TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Jozef Bartunek, William Wijns, Dariouch Dolatabadi, Marc Vanderheyden, Jo Dens, Miodrag Ostojic, Atta Behfar, Sophie Henry, Michal Tendera, Scott Waldman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Post‐traumatic pilonidal sinus of the face
Authors: M.J. O’Sullivan, W.O. Kirwan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Post‐traumatic pilonidal sinus of the face Get access M.J. O’Sullivan, M.J. O’Sullivan Academic Department of Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.O. Kirwan W.O. Kirwan Academic Department of Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 6, 1 December 2000, Page 1353, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03937.x Published: 01 December 2000
Glucose and triiodothyronine both induce malic enzyme in the rat hepatocyte culture: evidence that triiodothyronine multiplies a primary glucose-generated signal.
Authors: C N Mariash, C R McSwigan, H C Towle, H L Schwartz, J H Oppenheimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have stimulated in a cultured hepatocyte system the synergistic interaction between triiodothyronine (T3) and dietary carbohydrate in the induction of malic enzyme (ME). Kinetic studies revealed that isolated hepatocytes equilibrate with media T3 within 5 min; nuclei equilibrate with media T3 by 45 min; and the half-time of T3 metabolism was 10 h in 10% serum. We demonstrated nuclear T3 receptors in isolated hepatocytes and the induction of ME by T3 in physiological concentrations. However, in the complete absence of T3 glucose could still induce ME. At all concentrations of glucose (100-1,000 mg/dl), T3 (0.3 nM free T3) resulted in a relatively constant (1.4- to 1.7-fold) increase in ME response. The augmentation in ME activity was paralleled by an enhanced rate of enzyme synthesis as determined by [3H]leucine incorporation into immunoprecipitable ME. Cells cultured in serum free media also demonstrated a glucose-dependent increase in ME. Insulin greatly stimulated the glucose induction of ME, whereas dexamethasone had very little influence on ME induction. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of an adult hepatocyte tissue culture model for the study of the effects of T3 on gene expression in cells that are not derived from tumor. They clearly demonstrate that well established effects of T3 can be simulated in such a system at levels of free hormone that approximate those in extracellular body fluids. Our results indicate that an increased concentration of glucose per se can induce the formation of ME in the absence of alterations in extrahepatic hormones or factors. Moreover, our findings confirm inferences from in vivo studies that T3 acts as a multiplier of a glucose-induced signal.
Principles of DNA cloning.
Authors: J. S. Miles, C. R. Wolf
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are common to all living organisms.It is the DNA within a person's genes that holds the unique blueprint necessary for that person's growth, differentiation, development, and reproduction.Consideration of the so called "central dogma" of molecular biology-that is, the smission of information from DNA to RNA to protein (fig 1)shows why this is so.DNA sequences (genes) encode Dowbie stranded Exon Intron Exon Intron Exon gesoi DNA-Transcription, F' opping and 3' polydenylation Stnqe stranded pre-mRNA 5I AAAAAAAA-3' Processing (RNA splicing) Single stranded 5C AAAAAAAA-3' Translation Pre p ict -12NCOG FIG 1 -Gases am aid uwith the DAA are transcbed it premessengerRNA aud tis is processed to gie matwe messenger RNA, which is thn transated mi protei products that determi zhe functoms exPeesed withi each cell
Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation and the Long-term Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gino Gialdini, Katherine Nearing, Prashant D. Bhave, Ubaldo Bonuccelli, Costantino Iadecola, Jeff S. Healey, Hooman Kamel
Journal: JAMA (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Clinically apparent atrial fibrillation increases the risk of ischemic stroke. In contrast, perioperative atrial fibrillation may be viewed as a transient response to physiological stress, and the long-term risk of stroke after perioperative atrial fibrillation is unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association between perioperative atrial fibrillation and the long-term risk of stroke. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data on patients hospitalized for surgery (as defined by surgical diagnosis related group codes), and discharged alive and free of documented cerebrovascular disease or preexisting atrial fibrillation from nonfederal California acute care hospitals between 2007 and 2011. Patients undergoing cardiac vs other types of surgery were analyzed separately. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Previously validated diagnosis codes were used to identify ischemic strokes after discharge from the index hospitalization for surgery. The primary predictor variable was atrial fibrillation newly diagnosed during the index hospitalization, as defined by previously validated present-on-admission codes. Patients were censored at postdischarge emergency department encounters or hospitalizations with a recorded diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. <h3>Results</h3> Of 1 729 360 eligible patients, 24 711 (1.43%; 95% CI, 1.41%-1.45%) had new-onset perioperative atrial fibrillation during the index hospitalization and 13 952 (0.81%; 95% CI, 0.79%-0.82%) experienced a stroke after discharge. At 1 year after hospitalization for cardiac surgery, cumulative rates of stroke were 0.99% (95% CI, 0.81%-1.20%) in those with perioperative atrial fibrillation and 0.83% (95% CI, 0.76%-0.91%) in those without atrial fibrillation. At 1 year after noncardiac surgery, cumulative rates of stroke were 1.47% (95% CI, 1.24%-1.75%) in those with perioperative atrial fibrillation and 0.36% (95% CI, 0.35%-0.37%) in those without atrial fibrillation. In a Cox proportional hazards analysis accounting for potential confounders, perioperative atrial fibrillation was associated with subsequent stroke both after cardiac surgery (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6) and noncardiac surgery (hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7-2.3). The association was significantly stronger for perioperative atrial fibrillation after noncardiac vs cardiac surgery (<i>P</i> &lt; .001 for interaction). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among patients hospitalized for surgery, perioperative atrial fibrillation was associated with an increased long-term risk of ischemic stroke, especially following noncardiac surgery.
Generation and Developmental Characteristics of Porcine Tetraploid Embryos and Tetraploid/diploid Chimeric Embryos
Authors: Wenteng He, Qingran Kong, Yongqian Shi, Bingteng Xie, Mingxia Jiao, Tianqing Huang, Shimeng Guo, Kui Hu, Zhonghua Liu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

The aim of this study was to optimize electrofusion conditions for generating porcine tetraploid (4n) embryos and produce tetraploid/diploid (4n/2n) chimeric embryos. Different electric field intensities were tested and 2 direct current (DC) pulses of 0.9 kV/cm for 30 μs was selected as the optimum condition for electrofusion of 2-cell embryos to produce 4n embryos. The fusion rate of 2-cell embryos and the development rate to blastocyst of presumably 4n embryos, reached 85.4% and 28.5%, respectively. 68.18% of the fused embryos were found to be 4n as demonstrated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Although the number of blastomeres in 4n blastocysts was significantly lower than in 2n blastocysts (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in developmental rates of blastocysts between 2n and 4n embryos (P>0.05), suggesting that the blastocyst forming capacity in 4n embryos is similar to those in 2n embryos. Moreover, 4n/2n chimeric embryos were obtained by aggregation of 4n and 2n embryos. We found that the developmental rate and cell number of blastocysts of 4-cell (4n)/4-cell (2n) chimeric embryos were significantly higher than those of 2-cell (4n)/4-cell (2n), 4-cell (4n)/8-cell (2n), 4-cell (4n)/2-cell (2n) chimeric embryos (P<0.05). Consistent with mouse chimeras, the majority of 4n cells contribute to the trophectoderm (TE), while the 2n cells are mainly present in the inner cell mass (ICM) of porcine 4n/2n chimeric embryos. Our study established a feasible and efficient approach to produce porcine 4n embryos and 4n/2n chimeric embryos.
Studies of the HLA System and Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Morten Christy, Anders Green, Bjorn Christau, Hans Kromann, Jørn Nerup, Per Platz, Mogens Thomsen, Lars P Ryder, Arne Svejgaard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

The relationship between the HLA system and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is reviewed. Data compiled by the HLA and Disease Registry reveal that HLA-B8 and/or Dw3 are associated with IDDM in all populations studied so far, but further population studies in non-Caucasian populations should be performed. In Caucasians, HLA-Dw2 renders protection against IDDM while HLA-Dw3 and Dw4 are associated with susceptibility to IDDM. The exact mode of inheritance of susceptibility to IDDM remains to be established. Involvement of at least two genes is likely. Heterogeneity of IDDM is highly possible and should be a matter of major interest in diabetes research.
Skin changes and chlorpromazine. Some hazards of long-term drug therapy
Authors: A. S. Zelickson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In the past two years there have been several reports dealing with the unusual discoloration present in the sunexposed sites of patients receiving prolonged and high doses of chlorpromazine. The general consensus has been that it is due to a melanin or a melanin-plus-drug combination. Electron-microscopic examination of both normal and involved skin from these patients, as well as examination of extracts and residues of normal and involved skin of these patients following the extraction of chlorpromazine from the tissue, strongly suggests that the peculiar blue-gray color presented by these patients is due to a combination of both the drug and melanin rather than to melanin by itself.
Recent progress in safety evaluation studies on plasticizers and plastics and their controlled use in Japan.
Authors: Y Omori
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Recent experimental studies in Japan on the evaluation of potential health hazards from phthalate esters used in manufacturing poly (vinyl chloride) as well as several plastics for medical devices and for food containers and packages were introduced. Development of pulmonary granuloma formation after intravenous injection of diethylhexyl phthalate was assumed to be dependent on the particle size of the phthalate in vehicle used. Dietary administration of large amount of diethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate produced renal cysts in mothers and in descendants in reproduction studies in mice. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the phthalates and several plastics and resins were also examined by in vivo and in vitro studies. Hematological parameters examined in rabbits after repeated intravenous injection of diethylhexyl phthalate and after implantation of plastics in aorta for 3--6 months did not show any significant change. A slow decrease of radioactivity was observed in adipose tissue of rats following oral administration of 14C-labeled diethylhexyl phthalate. tthe administrative action on phthalates by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare is briefly reviewed.
Sustained post‐transfusion granulocyte count increments following transfusion of leukocytes obtained from donors with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Charles A. Schiffer, Joseph Aisner, Janice P. Dutcher, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Leukocyte transfusions from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and elevated WBC counts were given to 14 patients with acute leukemia for the treatment of 16 infectious episodes. The WBCs were not irradiated to determine if engraftment with production of granulocytes would occur following infusion of immature myeloid elements. No recipient was alloimmunized by clinical and serologic criteria. High leukocyte yields were obtained using a variety of differential centrifugation techniques with a mean WBC yield/transfusion of 95 × 10 9 (range 19–275). A mean of 2.5 transfusions (range 1–11) were administered/recipient with a mean total dose of 235 × 10 9 WBC/transfusion episode (range 50–590). Seven patients had granulocyte counts greater than 500/μl for four or more days (range 4–11 days) following the last transfusion. Ph 1 chromosomes were documented in 2 of 4 patients tested 2–8 days following transfusion. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores were increased (&gt;150) in 5/5 recipients tested post‐transfusion demonstrating that production of this enzyme can be induced in CML granulocytes. Except for one severe transfusion reaction, there were no significant side effects and no recipient developed signs of graft versus host disease. All patients with sustained increments demonstrated rapid clinical improvement including 3 severely infected, poor risk patients undergoing initial induction therapy. These 3 patients all achieved complete remission with no evidence of the Ph 1 chromosome. Because of the high dose of WBC which can be collected and the salutary effect of continued leukocyte production, CML WBC may be the preparation of choice for selected, non‐alloimmunized, severely infected patients.
Limited joint mobility and Dupuytren's contracture in diabetic, hypertensive, and normal populations.
Authors: J G Larkin, B M Frier
Journal: BMJ (1986)

La limitation de la mobilite des articulations des doigts et la contracture de Dupuytren sont tres nettement plus frequentes chez les diabetiques que chez les sujets normaux. Dans l'hypertension, la limitation des mouvements des doigts est un peu plus frequente que dans l'etat normal. Il se peut que la microangiopathie diabetique s'accompagne d'un vieillissement accelere
Apnea After Intravenous Diazepam Therapy
Authors: Steven C. Hall, Andranik Ovassapian
Journal: JAMA (1977)

DIAZEPAM, a benzodiazepine derivative, is widely used for its antianxiety, anticonvulsant, psychosedative, amnesiac, and muscle-relaxing properties. Intravenous diazepam is extensively used as an anesthetic induction agent, as an adjunct for procedures such as cardioversion and endoscopy, and as a supplement to regional or local anesthesia. Although diazepam is generally considered to be an unusually safe drug, a variety of side effects have been reported.<sup>1,2</sup>We report a potentially fatal complication following intravenous administration of diazepam. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old man was scheduled for spermatocele repair under local anesthesia. The patient had been admitted for chest pain and shortness of breath two weeks prior to the surgery, but examination by physicians on the medical service showed no noteworthy changes in his ECGs or cardiac enzyme levels. Chest roentgenograms, arterial blood gas values, and a lung scan were within normal limits. Pulmonary function tests showed mild obstructive disease. The
Origins of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: David A. Stoltz, David K. Meyerholz, Michael J. Welsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator undermine many host defense systems by inhibiting the function of airway-surface liquid, causing flaws in mucociliary transport, and compromising other lung-protection mechanisms.
Hematuria and Legionella Pneumonia
Authors: ROBERT J. GOLUB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1988Hematuria and Legionella PneumoniaROBERT J. GOLUB, M.D., STEVEN H. FEINSILVER, M.D.ROBERT J. GOLUB, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEVEN H. FEINSILVER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-489_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor:Legionella pneumophilais increasingly recognized as an important cause of pneumonia. Although certain epidemiologic features may lead to the consideration of this agent, there has been a broad spectrum of roentgenographic patterns associated with this disease and none can be considered pathognomonic (1). Reliable means of diagnosis have recently become available in many institutions by means of serologic studies and culture techniques. However these techniques, if routinely applied to pneumonia in outpatients, would represent a considerable expense. We suggest that the presence of hematuria in patients with pneumonia may be a clinical finding that should lead to...References1. FAIRBANKMAMOURIANDIETRICHGIROD JAPJ. The chest radiograph in Legionnaire's disease. Radiology. 1983;147:33-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FRIEDMAN H. Legionnaire's disease in non-Legionnaires. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:294-302. LinkGoogle Scholar3. SHARRARFRIEDMANMILLERYANAKABRUTYN RHWME. Summertime pneumonias in Philadelphia in 1976. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:577-80. LinkGoogle Scholar4. HELMSVINERSTURMRENNERJOHNSON CJREW. Comparative features of pneumococcal, mycoplasmal, and Legionnaire's disease pneumonias. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:543-7. LinkGoogle Scholar5. WATTSHICKLINTHOMASONCALLAWAYLEVINE JMBCA. Fatal pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 3: demonstration of the bacilli in extrathoracic organs. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:186-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Brown University Providence, RI 02912 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCommunity-acquired Legionnaires' disease at a medical center in northern TaiwanLegionella pneumophila community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): Incidence and intensity of microscopic hematuriaLegionella micdadei prosthetic valve endocarditisDie Legionelleninfektion 1 March 1988Volume 108, Issue 3Page: 489-489KeywordsEpidemiologyLegionellaLegionella pneumophilaOutpatientsPneumonia Issue Published: 1 March 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Existence of a platelet-adhesion defect in patients with cirrhosis independent of hematocrit: Studies under flow conditions
Authors: A Ordinas
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A defect in hemostasis has been repeatedly reported in patients with cirrhosis. However, the nature of this defect has not been fully characterized. We explored adhesive and cohesive functions of platelets from cirrhotic patients at different stages of disease development. The response of platelets to standard activating agents was tested by aggregometric procedures. The interaction of platelets with subendothelial components was explored in a perfusion system in which blood was exposed (shear rate, 800/s; 10 minutes) to denuded segments of rabbit aorta. Platelet interactions in these perfusions were analyzed morphometrically. Results were always compared with those obtained in similar studies using blood obtained from healthy subjects. Aggregation studies showed abnormal responses for single or several agonists. Abnormalities in aggregation were more evident in patients with severe disease (Child-Pugh class C), although they occasionally were abnormal for single agonists (ADP or U46619) in patients with less severe disease (Child-Pugh classes A or B). All the patient classes showed impaired platelet-subendothelial interactions (P < .01 vs. healthy subjects) that were not justified by the relative thrombocytopenia present in the more severely affected patients. Experimental increases in hematocrit in patients at stages B and C did not improve platelet-subendothelial interactions. Platelets from cirrhotic patients interact defectively with subendothelial components under flow conditions. The adhesion defect is more evident and consistent than the aggregation defects and may already be present in patients with mild liver failure. This adhesion defect may contribute to the defective hemostasis observed in cirrhotic patients.
<i>V</i><sub>E</sub>/<i>V</i><sub>CO</sub><sub>2</sub> slope is associated with abnormal resting haemodynamics and is a predictor of long‐term survival in chronic heart failure
Authors: Serafim N. Nanas, John N. Nanas, Dimitrios Ch. Sakellariou, Stavros K. Dimopoulos, Stavros G. Drakos, Smaragdo G. Kapsimalakou, Christina A. Mpatziou, Ourania G. Papazachou, Anargyros S. Dalianis, Maria I. Anastasiou‐Nana, Charis Roussos
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)