tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An unusual cause of recurrent fever
Authors: H Los, FM Schramel, JJ van der Harten, RP Golding, PE Postmus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

A 49 year old man was referred to our hospital in 1994, because of intermittent fever and production of mucopurulent sputum. His complaints started at 43 yrs of age. The symptoms were mostly self-limiting, and occurred five times a year. Over the years, periods of bronchitis had increased to 12 times a year. In addition, a sinusitis with Klebsiella ozaenae became apparent, which was treated with antibiotics and intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate. Coughing was most severe during the night, with production of mucopurulent sputum. The patient's exercise tolerance was normal; he had worked for more than 10 years as a shoemaker. He has no smoking history. Physical examination and routine laboratory investigations were normal. Posteroanterior and lateral chest radiography and lung function tests were normal. A fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed and showed many abnormalities of the trachea and bronchi (figs. 1 and 2). Specimens were taken for microbiological analysis, and biopsies were sampled for histological examination (fig. 3). Because of the extent of the abnormalities seen during bronchoscopy, computed tomography (CT) of the chest was performed (figs. 4 and 5).
Interleukin 13 in synovial fluid and serum of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: A Spadaro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objectives: To compare the pattern of interleukin (IL) 13 production in synovial fluid (SF) and serum of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), investigating its relation to the proinflammatory cytokine IL12. Methods: SF and serum IL13 levels were determined in 35 patients with PsA, 36 with RA, and 15 with OA. The main clinical and laboratory variables, including number of painful and/or swollen joints, Ritchie index, morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, level of C reactive protein, level of rheumatoid factor, and SF analysis, were also evaluated. Results: SF IL13 levels were significantly higher in patients with PsA (p&lt;0.02) or RA (p&lt;0.012) than in patients with OA, with no significant difference between the former two. SF IL12 levels were significantly higher in patients with PsA (p&lt;0.023) than in those with OA. Serum IL13 (p&lt;0.0001) and IL12 (p&lt;0.02) levels were lower in patients with PsA than in those affected by RA. Only patients with PsA had higher IL13 levels in SF than in serum (p&lt;0.002). The IL13 SF/serum ratio was higher in the PsA group than in the group with RA (p&lt;0.005) or OA (p&lt;0.026). SF IL13 levels correlated with serum IL13 levels (p&lt;0.0001) in RA and with SF IL12 levels (p&lt;0.03) in PsA. Conclusions: In PsA, there appears to be localised production of IL13, in balance with IL12, in the inflamed joints. The distinct IL13 secretion profiles in PsA, RA, and OA may be related to the clinical pictures, reflecting the different pathogenic mechanisms involved in inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases.
Follicular cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of nine cases
Authors: None Hodak, None Feinmesser, None Segal, None Yosipovitch, None Lapidoth, None Maron, None Bergman, None Sahar, None David
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Nine patients with follicular cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a recently described variant of lymphoma, are presented. On the basis of clinical manifestations and disease course, three groups of patients were distinguished: (i) two patients with follicular CTCL not associated with conventional lesions of mycosis fungoides (MF) and showing no evolution towards MF in follow-up periods of 3 and 6 years; (ii) one patient with follicular CTCL that evolved into conventional MF within 3 years; (iii) six patients showing conventional MF lesions either before or concurrently with the follicular lesions and thus representing follicular CTCL of the true MF type. The follicular lesions included hair-devoid patches or plaques with spiky hyperkeratotic papules (four patients), keratosis pilaris-like lesions (four), comedo-like lesions (four), follicular papules with alopecia (three) and milia-like lesions (three). Histopathological examination showed perifollicular and intrafollicular lymphocytes, without mucin deposition and with minimal or no involvement of the overlying epidermis. Significant syringotropism was also observed in three cases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the predominance of CD4 + T cells, deletion of CD7 in some cases, Ki-67 + lymphocytes confined mainly to the follicular epithelium, and expression of keratinocyte intercellular adhesion molecule-1 exclusively in the hair follicle. T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement was positive in the one case studied from each group. Different treatment modalities were employed, the most commonly used as monotherapy being phototherapy: psoralen ultraviolet A in four patients, two of whom showed a complete clinical and histopathological remission, and ultraviolet B in one patient, who showed a complete remission (both clinical and histopathological). This study indicates that follicular CTCL is more common than reflected in the literature, has heterogeneous clinical manifestations, and is either an expression of or closely related to MF. The influence of the follicular involvement on the therapeutic response remains to be clarified. However, our therapeutic experience clearly suggests that some patients with follicular CTCL can benefit from phototherapy.
Comparative Study of the Effects of a 1-Year Dietary Intervention of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet Versus a Low-Fat Diet on Weight and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nichola J. Davis, Nora Tomuta, Clyde Schechter, Carmen R. Isasi, C.J. Segal-Isaacson, Daniel Stein, Joel Zonszein, Judith Wylie-Rosett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a 1-year intervention with a low-carbohydrate and a low-fat diet on weight loss and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study is a randomized clinical trial of 105 overweight adults with type 2 diabetes. Primary outcomes were weight and A1C. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure and lipids. Outcome measures were obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS The greatest reduction in weight and A1C occurred within the first 3 months. Weight loss occurred faster in the low-carbohydrate group than in the low-fat group (P = 0.005), but at 1 year a similar 3.4% weight reduction was seen in both dietary groups. There was no significant change in A1C in either group at 1 year. There was no change in blood pressure, but a greater increase in HDL was observed in the low-carbohydrate group (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with type 2 diabetes, after 1 year a low-carbohydrate diet had effects on weight and A1C similar to those seen with a low-fat diet. There was no significant effect on blood pressure, but the low-carbohydrate diet produced a greater increase in HDL cholesterol.
Role of Type II Pneumocyte Senescence in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Deborah E. Citrin, Uma Shankavaram, Jason A. Horton, William Shield, Shuping Zhao, Hiroaki Asano, Ayla White, Anastasia Sowers, Angela Thetford, Eun Joo Chung
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundRadiation is a commonly delivered therapeutic modality for cancer. The causes underlying the chronic, progressive nature of radiation injury in the lung are poorly understood.
Malfunction of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Systems: A One-Year Prospective Study of 127 Patients
Authors: R S Mecklenburg, T S Guinn, C A Sannar, B A Blumenstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Malfunction of portable continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) systems may result in either ketoacidosis or serious hypoglycemia. To determine the types and frequencies of infusion system failure and the resulting clinical consequences, we recorded their occurrences in a 1-yr prospective study of 127 patients who were using insulin infusion pumps in a clinical practice setting. Of the 127 patients, 109 (86%) experienced at least one infusion system failure during the study. Most of the infusion system failures (96%) occurred in the syringe, infusion tube and connections, or subcutaneous infusion site. Virtually all malfunctions resulted in interruption of insulin flow, and most were associated with temporary loss of diabetes control. Equipment malfunction was documented in 6 of 7 patients who used insulin pumps and were treated in our hospital for diabetic ketoacidosis during the study. Pump “runaway” was not observed. We conclude that infusion system malfunction resulting in interruption of insulin flow is a common occurrence, is often associated with temporary hyperglycemia, and may account for some of the increased incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis previously described in these patients.
Sources of nonlinearity in cDNA microarray expression measurements
Authors: Latha Ramdas, Kevin R Coombes, Keith Baggerly, Lynne Abruzzo, W Edward Highsmith, Tammy Krogmann, Stanley R Hamilton, Wei Zhang
Journal: Genome biology (2001)

A key assumption in the analysis of microarray data is that the quantified signal intensities are linearly related to the expression levels of the corresponding genes. To test this assumption, we experimentally examined the relationship between signal and expression for the two types of microarrays we most commonly encounter: radioactively labeled cDNAs on nylon membranes and fluorescently labeled cDNAs on glass slides.We uncovered two sources of nonlinearity. The first, which led to discrepancies in analysis affecting the fluorescent signals, was signal quenching associated with excessive dye concentrations. The second, affecting the radioactive signals, was a nonlinear transformation of the raw data introduced by the scanner. Correction for this transformation was made by some, but not all, image-quantification software packages.The second type of nonlinearity is more troublesome, because it could not have been predicted a priori. Both types of nonlinearities were detected by simple dilution series, which we recommend as a quality-control step.
Hedgehog Agonist Therapy Corrects Structural and Cognitive Deficits in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model
Authors: Ishita Das, Joo-Min Park, Jung H. Shin, Soo Kyeong Jeon, Hernan Lorenzi, David J. Linden, Paul F. Worley, Roger H. Reeves
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

In a mouse model of Down syndrome, treatment with a Sonic hedgehog agonist on the day of birth normalized cerebellar structure and improved learning and memory.
Regulation of Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis by Shear Stress
Authors: Julian D. Widder, Wei Chen, Li Li, Sergey Dikalov, Beat Thöny, Kazuyuki Hatakeyama, David G. Harrison
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

An essential cofactor for the endothelial NO synthase is tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B). In the present study, we show that in human endothelial cells, laminar shear stress dramatically increases H4B levels and enzymatic activity of GTP cyclohydrolase (GTPCH)-1, the first step of H4B biosynthesis. In contrast, protein levels of GTPCH-1 were not affected by shear. Shear did not change protein expression or activity of the downstream enzymes 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase and sepiapterin reductase and decreased protein levels of the salvage enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. Oscillatory shear only modestly affected H4B levels and GPTCH-1 activity. We also demonstrate that laminar, but not oscillatory shear stress, stimulates phosphorylation of GTPCH-1 on serine 81 and that this is mediated by the alpha prime (alpha') subunit of casein kinase 2. The increase in H4B caused by shear is essential in allowing proper function of endothelial NO synthase because GPTCH-1 blockade with 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine during shear inhibited dimer formation of endothelial NO synthase, increased endothelial cell superoxide production, and prevented the increase in NO production caused by shear. Thus, shear stress not only increases endothelial NO synthase levels but also stimulates production of H4B by markedly enhancing GTPCH-1 activity via casein kinase 2-dependent phosphorylation on serine 81. These findings illustrate a new function of casein kinase 2 in the endothelium and provide insight into regulation of GTPCH-1 activity.
High intensity training and treadmill sprint performance.
Authors: M E Cheetham, C Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

Twelve county standard hockey players completed a 30 second sprint on a non-motorised treadmill and an uphill treadmill running test to determine maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) before and after 6 weeks of high intensity training (fast runs 3-5 miles, intervals 30-300 m and circuit training), whilst 11 club standard players completed the same tests without any additional training. For the county standard group there was an 11.1% and 5.0% improvement in peak running speed and distance covered on the sprint treadmill respectively, a 4.2% improvement in VO2 max and an 11.5% improvement in run time to exhaustion during the VO2 max test (all p less than 0.01). No changes were observed for the club standard group. There were large increases in blood lactate (county group 13.26 +/- 1.83 mM) and blood glucose (county group 1.56 +/- 0.71 mM) concentrations as a result of the treadmill sprint, but there were no additional changes in these variables as a result of training. Thus, the mechanism of adaptation in this type of brief maximal exercise remains in question.
DNA repair is indispensable for survival after acute inflammation
Authors: Jennifer A. Calvo, Lisiane B. Meira, Chun-Yue I. Lee, Catherine A. Moroski-Erkul, Nona Abolhassani, Koli Taghizadeh, Lindsey W. Eichinger, Sureshkumar Muthupalani, Line M. Nordstrand, Arne Klungland, Leona D. Samson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

More than 15% of cancer deaths worldwide are associated with underlying infections or inflammatory conditions, therefore understanding how inflammation contributes to cancer etiology is important for both cancer prevention and treatment. Inflamed tissues are known to harbor elevated etheno-base (ε-base) DNA lesions induced by the lipid peroxidation that is stimulated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) released from activated neutrophils and macrophages. Inflammation contributes to carcinogenesis in part via RONS-induced cytotoxic and mutagenic DNA lesions, including ε-base lesions. The mouse alkyl adenine DNA glycosylase (AAG, also known as MPG) recognizes such base lesions, thus protecting against inflammation-associated colon cancer. Two other DNA repair enzymes are known to repair ε-base lesions, namely ALKBH2 and ALKBH3; thus, we sought to determine whether these DNA dioxygenase enzymes could protect against chronic inflammation-mediated colon carcinogenesis. Using established chemically induced colitis and colon cancer models in mice, we show here that ALKBH2 and ALKBH3 provide cancer protection similar to that of the DNA glycosylase AAG. Moreover, Alkbh2 and Alkbh3 each display apparent epistasis with Aag. Surprisingly, deficiency in all 3 DNA repair enzymes confers a massively synergistic phenotype, such that animals lacking all 3 DNA repair enzymes cannot survive even a single bout of chemically induced colitis.
Dual-Chamber Versus Single-Chamber Detection Enhancements for Implantable Defibrillator Rhythm Diagnosis
Authors: Paul A. Friedman, Robyn L. McClelland, William R. Bamlet, Helbert Acosta, David Kessler, Thomas M. Munger, Neal G. Kavesh, Mark Wood, Emile Daoud, Ali Massumi, Claudio Schuger, Stephen Shorofsky, Bruce Wilkoff, Michael Glikson
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Delivery of inappropriate shocks caused by misdetection of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) remains a substantial complication of implanted cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Whether use of optimally programmed dual-chamber ICDs lowers this risk compared with that in single-chamber ICDs is not clear. Methods and Results— Subjects with a clinical indication for ICD (n=400) at 27 participating centers received dual-chamber ICDs and were randomly assigned to strictly defined optimal single- or dual-chamber detection in a single-blind manner. Programming minimized ventricular pacing. The primary end point was the proportion of SVT episodes inappropriately detected from the time of programming until crossover or end of study. On a per-episode basis, 42% of the episodes in the single-chamber arm and 69% of the episodes in the dual-chamber arm were due to SVT. Mortality (3.5% in both groups) and early study withdrawal (14% single-chamber, 11% dual-chamber) were similar in both groups. The rate of inappropriate detection of SVT was 39.5% in the single-chamber detection arm compared with 30.9% in the dual-chamber arm. The odds of inappropriate detection were decreased by almost half with the use of the dual-chamber detection enhancements (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.94; P =0.03). Conclusions— Dual-chamber ICDs, programmed to optimize detection enhancements and to minimize ventricular pacing, significantly decrease inappropriate detection.
Hemodynamics of Early Experimental Renal Hypertension in Dogs
Authors: HENRY W. OVERBECK
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

To investigate the hemodynamics of early experimental renal hypertension, skin and muscle blood flows and intravascular pressures were measured in the isolated, innervated, naturally perfused forelimbs of 44 male mongrel dogs under pentobarbital (35 mg/kg) anesthesia. In addition, venous pressure-volume relationships were studied in temporarily isolated segments of femoral and jugular veins. In 10 dogs (group H-1) one kidney was wrapped in silk 8 days before study; in 12 (H-2) one kidney was wrapped 4 weeks, and a contralateral nephrectomy was done 2 weeks, before study; 22 were prepared as appropriate normotensive controls. A significant rise in mean arterial pressure occurred in groups H-1 and H-2. Compared to corresponding control groups, (1) muscle and skin blood flows in both hypertensive groups were unchanged ( P &gt;0.1); (2) muscle and skin resistances/100 g limb weight were increased in group H-2 ( P &lt;0.05); and (3) femoral venous pressure-volume curves were shifted toward the pressure axis ( P &lt;0.02). These data suggest that in the early stages of experimental renal hypertension in dogs: (1) blood flow in skin and skeletal muscle is not increased; (2) arteriolar resistance is elevated in skin and skeletal muscle; and (3) reduced venous compliance may be present.
PAZAR: a framework for collection and dissemination of cis-regulatory sequence annotation
Authors: Elodie Portales-Casamar, Stefan Kirov, Jonathan Lim, Stuart Lithwick, Magdalena I Swanson, Amy Ticoll, Jay Snoddy, Wyeth W Wasserman
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract PAZAR is an open-access and open-source database of transcription factor and regulatory sequence annotation with associated web interface and programming tools for data submission and extraction. Curated boutique data collections can be maintained and disseminated through the unified schema of the mall-like PAZAR repository. The Pleiades Promoter Project collection of brain-linked regulatory sequences is introduced to demonstrate the depth of annotation possible within PAZAR. PAZAR, located at http://www.pazar.info , is open for business.
Aeroallergens As Risk And Outcome Factors In Pre-school And Breast-fed Children
Authors: D. Antolin-Amerigo, M. Zamorano-Serrano, M. Terrados-Cepeda, J. Gonzalez-Cervera, P. Berges-Gimeno, C. Vidal-Albareda, J. Sola-Martinez, E. Alvarez-Cuesta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Molecular Properties of the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Authors: N M Nathanson
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1987)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Neuronal stimulation with 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor induces anti-inflammatory actions via 7nACh receptors on muscularis macrophages associated with postoperative ileus
Authors: Y. Tsuchida, F. Hatao, M. Fujisawa, T. Murata, M. Kaminishi, Y. Seto, M. Hori, H. Ozaki
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> The main symptom of postoperative ileus (POI) is an intestinal motility disorder in which monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils play crucial roles. Prokinetic 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor (5-HT<sub>4</sub>R) agonists and dopamine receptor antagonists are potential therapeutic agents for directly ameliorating the motility disorder associated with POI. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine the effects of the 5-HT<sub>4</sub>R agonists mosapride citrate (MOS) and CJ-033466 on intestinal smooth muscle contractility relative to immune reactions after POI. <h3>Methods</h3> Intestinal manipulation (IM) was applied to the rat distal ileum. Both MOS (0.3 and 1 mg/kg, s.c.) and CJ-033466 (1 mg/kg, s.c.) were administered to the animals before and after IM. At 24 h after IM, isolated intestinal smooth muscle contractile activity in vitro, gastrointestinal transit in vivo, inflammatory mediator expression and leucocyte infiltration were measured. <h3>Results</h3> After IM, ileal circular muscle contractility in vitro and gastrointestinal transit in vivo were reduced and the number of macrophages and neutrophils increased in the inflamed muscle layer, resulting in the induction of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Both MOS and CJ-033466 significantly attenuated not only the intestinal motility dysfunction but also the leucocyte infiltration and inflammatory mediator expression after IM. The autonomic ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) antagonist methyl lycaconitine citrate (0.087 mg/kg, i.p.) blocked MOS-mediated ameliorative actions. Immunohistochemically, α7nAChR is expressed by monocytes/macrophages but not by neutrophils in the inflamed intestine. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Stimulating the 5-HT<sub>4</sub>R accelerates acetyl choline (ACh) release from cholinergic myenteric neurons, which subsequently activates α7nAChR on activated monocytes/macrophages to inhibit their inflammatory reactions in the muscle layer. In addition to their gastroprokinetic action, 5-HT<sub>4</sub>R agonists might serve as novel therapeutic agents for POI characterised by anti-inflammatory potency.
Extracellular proteolysis in the adult murine brain.
Authors: A P Sappino, R Madani, J Huarte, D Belin, J Z Kiss, A Wohlwend, J D Vassalli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Plasminogen activators are important mediators of extracellular metabolism. In the nervous system, plasminogen activators are thought to be involved in the remodeling events required for cell migration during development and regeneration. We have now explored the expression of the plasminogen activator/plasmin system in the adult murine central nervous system. Tissue-type plasminogen activator is synthesized by neurons of most brain regions, while prominent tissue-type plasminogen activator-catalyzed proteolysis is restricted to discrete areas, in particular within the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Our observations indicate that tissue-type plasminogen activator-catalyzed proteolysis in neural tissues is not limited to ontogeny, but may also contribute to adult central nervous system physiology, for instance by influencing neuronal plasticity and synaptic reorganization. The identification of an extracellular proteolytic system active in the adult central nervous system may also help gain insights into the pathogeny of neurodegenerative disorders associated with extracellular protein deposition.