tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SEVERE ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA FOLLOWING DIETHYLSTILBESTROL THERAPY
Authors: William Saphir
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Every since its recent release by the Food and Drug Administration, diethylstilbestrol has enjoyed wide popularity among physicians as well as the public. Its real value has been attested by numerous clinical and experimental studies.<sup>1</sup>In view of the fact that toxic manifestations have already been reported,<sup>2</sup>a word of caution seems in order. Toxic reactions reported were nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention and cramps after meals, anorexia, diarrhea, vertigo and paresthesias. Other toxic manifestations observed were cutaneous rashes such as diffuse brawny erythema and pruritic papular and macular eruptions. In this paper we present a hitherto unreported toxic reaction to diethylstilbestrol, namely a severe and alarming form of angioneurotic edema: <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. A. H., aged 53, appeared at the office of one of us (W. S.) on Nov. 21, 1941 with complaints of hot flushes, nervousness, palpitation and insomnia. The symptoms dated back three years, when
Chinese Adults Are Less Susceptible Than Whites to Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Kam S. Woo, Jane A. McCrohon, Ping Chook, Mark R. Adams, Jacqui T.C. Robinson, Robyn J. McCredie, Christopher W.K. Lam, Jian Z. Feng, David S. Celermajer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
WHO dissenter warns against plans to retain smallpox virus
Authors: R. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A leading expert on biological warfare is infuriated by the latest recommendations from the World Health Organization calling for stocks of the smallpox virus to be kept beyond 2002, despite earlier plans to destroy them by the end of this year.

Kalyan Banerjee, a dissenting member of the WHO's ad hoc committee on orthopoxviruses, is concerned that the committee's recent decision to allow continuing research using the live variola virus may enable the US military to develop smallpox as a weapon.

The proposals follow closely on the heels of the US's unilateral decision to retain indefinitely under its control the remaining smallpox virus stocks entrusted to it and to a Russian laboratory by various countries, in line with WHO's recommendations.

It also follows an announcement …
Therapeutic advantage of anti-VAP-1 over anti-α4 integrin antibody in concanavalin a-induced hepatitis
Authors: Woo-Yong Lee, Marko Salmi, Margaret M. Kelly, Sirpa Jalkanen, Paul Kubes
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (Con A) in mice is well known to be a T-lymphocyte-mediated injury. It has been reported that T helper (Th)1 and Th2 lymphocytes use α4 integrin and vascular adhesion protein (VAP)−1, respectively, to adhere within the hepatic sinusoids. Therefore, we investigated whether inhibition of these molecules ameliorates or worsens the Con A-induced hepatic injury in vivo . Vehicle or antibody to α4 integrin or VAP-1 was intravenously administered 30 minutes before Con A administration. In control mice Con A markedly increased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in a dose-dependent manner, and induced a massive infiltration of CD3, particularly interleukin (IL)−4 producing CD4 T cells and liver injury. Both parameters were reduced by anti-VAP-1 antibody despite antibody only blocking the adhesion, not the amine oxidase activity of VAP-1. Both activities of VAP-1 were eliminated in VAP-1-deficient mice and both Con A-induced liver injury and CD4 T-cell infiltration were eradicated. In contrast to anti-VAP-1, anti-α4 integrin antibody reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-producing CD3 T cells but this worsened Con A hepatitis, suggesting inhibition of a suppressor cell. Con A induced the recruitment of CD49d+ monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the liver. Anti-α4 integrin dramatically blocked the influx of MDSCs but not Tregs. Conclusion : Our findings show that VAP-1 and α4 integrin have opposing effects in Con A-induced hepatic injury, which is associated with blocking the recruitment of CD4 lymphocytes and monocytic MDSCs, respectively. Moreover, these data provide the rationale for a potential therapeutic approach to target adhesion molecules in autoimmune hepatitis. (Hepatology 2013;58:1413–1423)
Side effect of quinine for nocturnal cramps
Authors: T A J Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

regarded as part of the workload.Problems can arise with such a service.Patients may be unable to get through on the telephone.They may justifiably become irritated if kept waiting, especially if they are telephoning from a call box or abroad and incur unnecessary expense.A policy must be agreed for patients who fail to telephone for results.Finally, the sifting out of patients who are quick and easy to deal with means that only patients with more complicated problems attend for follow up, which increases the consultation time.Overall our patients appreciate the service.Most of them are young, fit, and in employment, and some are prepared to travel long distances to use the confidential service provided by a geni- tourinary medicine clinic.Reducing the number of visits to the clinic saves them time and money.Furthermore, if follow up by telephone was unavailable resources would have to be found to see these patients in the clinic.We think that more clinicians and patients could benefit from our experience.
Evaluation of Metastatic Meningioma With 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose PET/CT
Authors: Maziar Ghodsian, Sebastian L. Obrzut, Christian C. Hyde, William J. Watts, Christiaan Schiepers
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging findings of sacral metastatic meningioma. Materials and Methods: An 18-year-old woman with a history of metastatic meningioma, who presented with intractable pain and spasm of the right lower extremity, underwent FDG PET/CT imaging. Results: FDG PET/CT scan demonstrated a moderately hypermetabolic sacral mass. The biopsy of the lesion was consistent with a high-grade malignant meningioma. Conclusions: Although meningioma is typically a benign tumor, in rare instances, it metastasizes. The current case example exhibits moderately increased metabolism despite findings of high-grade malignancy on biopsy.
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is Activated by Double-Stranded DNA-Induced Oligomerization
Authors: Xin Li, Chang Shu, Guanghui Yi, Catherine T. Chaton, Catherine L. Shelton, Jiasheng Diao, Xiaobing Zuo, C. Cheng Kao, Andrew B. Herr, Pingwei Li
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Fabry disease: six gene rearrangements and an exonic point mutation in the alpha-galactosidase gene.
Authors: H S Bernstein, D F Bishop, K H Astrin, R Kornreich, C M Eng, H Sakuraba, R J Desnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Fabry disease, an X-linked recessive disorder of glycosphingolipid catabolism, results from the deficient activity of the lysosomal hydrolase, alpha-galactosidase. Southern hybridization analysis of the alpha-galactosidase gene in affected hemizygous males from 130 unrelated families with Fabry disease revealed six with different gene rearrangements and one with an exonic point mutation resulting in the obliteration of an Msp I restriction site. Five partial gene deletions were detected ranging in size from 0.4 to greater than 5.5 kb. Four of these deletions had breakpoints in intron 2, a region in the gene containing multiple Alu repeat sequences. A sixth genomic rearrangement was identified in which a region of about 8 kb, containing exons 2 through 6, was duplicated by a homologous, but unequal crossover event. The Msp I site obliteration, which mapped to exon 7, was detected in an affected hemizygote who had residual enzyme activity. Genomic amplification by the polymerase chain reaction and sequencing revealed that the obliteration resulted from a C to T transition at nucleotide 1066 in the coding sequence. This point mutation, the first identified in Fabry disease, resulted in an arginine356 to tryptophan356 substitution which altered the enzyme's kinetic and stability properties. The detection of these abnormalities provided for the precise identification of Fabry heterozygotes, thereby permitting molecular pedigree analysis in these families which revealed paternity exclusions and the first documented new mutations in this disease.
Molecular evidence that the H-2D and H-2L genes arose by duplication. Differences between the evolution of the class I genes in mice and humans.
Authors: R J Rubocki, D R Lee, W R Lie, N B Myers, T H Hansen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

To resolve issues regarding the evolution of D region class I MHC genes and their relationship to other class I-encoding regions of the mouse, as well as man, we characterized the class I genes from the Dq region of the B10.AKM mouse strain. The Dq region was selected because it was known to express multiple gene products, yet two of the products previously characterized have structural features in common with the Ld molecule. Since DNA hybridization data defined similarities between the Dd and Dq regions, we used low-copy genomic or oligonucleotide probes derived from the Dd region of BALB/c (H-2d) to screen a B10.AKM cosmid library. Cosmid clones containing Dq, D2q, D3q, D4q, Lq, and Q1q genes have been isolated and aligned with the corresponding genes of the BALB/c MHC, thus demonstrating a similar gene organization. The two classical transplantation genes, Dq and Lq were found to be strikingly similar to each other such that exons 1-3 of Dq and Lq, are approximately 97% homologous, and exons 4-8 are identical. Furthermore, the implied amino acid sequences of both Lq and Dq molecules show considerable homology to Ld, particularly in regions presumed to be involved in ligand binding. These comparisons suggest not only that the Dq and Lq genes arose from the duplication of an Ld-like progenitor, but also that there is a selective advantage for the maintenance of an Ld-like structure. In addition, the 5' portion of the D4q gene was sequenced and found to have a 13-bp deletion and a 4-bp insertion within the alpha 2 exon. These result in a frame shift that creates a premature termination codon and potential polyadenylation site, respectively. Thus, D4q does not encode a typical class I molecule. Sequence comparisons suggest that the D4q gene did not arise from a duplication event involving an Ld-like gene such as Dq and Lq. Interestingly, the D4q molecule, if produced, would have amino acid residues in common with K and/or Q molecules that differ from those observed in D/L molecules. These findings, in conjunction with hybridization data, provide evidence that the D2, D3, and D4 genes were derived from Q genes by an unequal crossover event. Additional hybridization data using low-copy D region probes suggest that several different D region gene organizations exist among mice of different haplotypes. These and other recent molecular studies provide multiple examples of expansion and contraction of the class I genes in the D region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Pulmonary Artery Narrowing in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Sven-Ola Hietala
Journal: JAMA (1977)

VASCULAR involvement in pulmonary sarcoidosis is usually limited to the small- and medium-sized vessels. However, massive hilar adenopathy may compress a major pulmonary artery and cause a large defect on the perfusion lung scan and a notable narrowing of the right upper lobe pulmonary artery as visualized by pulmonary arteriography. This report describes a case in which the patient had mediastinal and hilar adenopathy with secondary pulmonary artery compression and corresponding reduction in perfusion seen in the lung scan. To our knowledge, only two similar cases have been previously described in the literature.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old woman was admitted because of substernal chest pain of three days' duration. The pain was radiating to the left shoulder. The patient had been in good health up to the time of admission and had no other symptoms. She appeared healthy, despite a firm, mobile, nodular mass of 1- to
Possible Interaction Between Vidarabine and Theophylline
Authors: RICHARD GANNON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1984Possible Interaction Between Vidarabine and TheophyllineRICHARD GANNON, PHARM, D., STEPHEN SULLMAN, B.S., R. MAX LEVY, M.S., JAMES GROBER, M.D.RICHARD GANNON, PHARM, D.Search for more papers by this author, STEPHEN SULLMAN, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, R. MAX LEVY, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES GROBER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-148_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Vidarabine's major metabolite is hypoxanthine arabinoside. The metabolite is excreted renally and biotransformed via the xanthine oxidase pathway (1, 2). Theophylline is metabolized by the hepatic miscrosomal enzymes and xanthine oxidase (3). We suspect that when vidarabine and theophylline are used concomitantly, theophylline metabolism is inhibited.A 62-year-old woman weighing 45 kg was admitted with suspected intraabdominal sepsis. She had a history of congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therapy was begun with ampicillin, gentamicin, clindamycin, digoxin, and intravenous aminophylline. Sepsis was due toClostridia perfringensfrom a perforated gallbladder. The patient's therapy was eventually...References1. FRIEDMANGRASELA HT. Adenine arabinoside and allopurinol—possible adverse drug interaction. N Engl J Med. 1981;304:423. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HIRSCHSCHOOLEY MR. Treatment of herpesvirus infections. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:963-70. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MCELNAYSMITHHELLING JGD. A practical guide to interactions involving theophylline kinetics. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1982;16:533-42. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MANFREDIVESELL FE. Inhibition of theophylline metabolism by long-term allopurinol administration. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;29:224-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD GANNON, PHARM, D.; STEPHEN SULLMAN, B.S.; R. MAX LEVY, M.S.; JAMES GROBER, M.D.Affiliations: Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven CT 06504 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAsthma 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 148-149KeywordsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseClindamycinEnzymesGallbladderHeart failureMetabolitesSepsis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Individual T Helper Cells Have a Quantitative Cytokine Memory
Authors: Caroline Helmstetter, Michael Flossdorf, Michael Peine, Andreas Kupz, Jinfang Zhu, Ahmed N. Hegazy, Maria A. Duque-Correa, Qin Zhang, Yevhen Vainshtein, Andreas Radbruch, Stefan H. Kaufmann, William E. Paul, Thomas Höfer, Max Löhning
Journal: Immunity (2014)

Highlights•Individual T helper cells commit to produce distinct amounts of a given cytokine•The magnitude of T-bet expression controls a cell's amount of IFN-γ production•Single Th1 memory cells recall the production of individual IFN-γ and T-bet amounts•Graded IFN-γ production of Th1 cells controls bacterial killing by macrophagesSummaryThe probabilistic expression of cytokine genes in differentiated T helper (Th) cell populations remains ill defined. By single-cell analyses and mathematical modeling, we show that one stimulation featured stable cytokine nonproducers as well as stable producers with wide cell-to-cell variability in the magnitude of expression. Focusing on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression by Th1 cells, mathematical modeling predicted that this behavior reflected different cell-intrinsic capacities and not mere gene-expression noise. In vivo, Th1 cells sort purified by secreted IFN-γ amounts preserved a quantitative memory for both probability and magnitude of IFN-γ re-expression for at least 1 month. Mechanistically, this memory resulted from quantitatively distinct transcription of individual alleles and was controlled by stable expression differences of the Th1 cell lineage-specifying transcription factor T-bet. Functionally, Th1 cells with graded IFN-γ production competence differentially activated Salmonella-infected macrophages for bacterial killing. Thus, individual Th cells commit to produce distinct amounts of a given cytokine, thereby generating functional intrapopulation heterogeneity.Graphical abstract
Hemangioma with Consumptive Coagulopathy (Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome) Detection by lndium-111 Oxine-labeled Platelets
Authors: RONALD P. SCHMIDT, BRIAN C. LENTLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A 4-year-old boy presented with consumptive coagulopathy suspected to be due to Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Localization of homologous indium-111 platelets in the region of the right sacral ala confirmed that this was the site of disease and facilitated radiation treatment, which proved to be curative.
Out of the Shadows: Using Human Rights Approaches to Secure Dignity and Well-Being for People with Mental Disabilities
Authors: Alicia Ely Yamin, Eric Rosenthal
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Mental health is perhaps the most neglected area of health policy and programming. According to the 2001 World Health Report, “some 450 million people suffer from a mental or behavioral disorder, yet only a small minority of them receive even the most basic treatment” [1]. More than 40% of countries have no mental health policy and over 30% have no mental health program. Over 90% of countries have no mental health policy that includes children and adolescents [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental and behavioral disorders are estimated to account for 12% of the global burden of disease, yet the mental health budgets of the majority of countries constitute less than 1% of their total health expenditures [1]. The relationship between disease burden and disease spending is clearly disproportionate.

Those few who do receive services often fare just as badly. Mental Disability Rights International (MDRI; Washington, D.C., United States), a human rights group dedicated to the promotion of rights of the mentally disabled, has documented how, in many countries, severely mentally disabled individuals become targets of stigma, discrimination, and other human rights abuses. Routinely, children and adults with mental disabilities are arbitrarily detained in psychiatric facilities, social care homes, orphanages and other closed institutions. Out of public view, they are subject to the most extreme forms of inhuman and degrading treatment experienced by any population (Figure 1). In Kosovo, MDRI learned that women were raped in psychiatric facilities in plain view of local staff and international humanitarian relief workers [2]. In Hungary and Paraguay, MDRI found people locked in cages [3,4]. In Turkey, Peru, and Bulgaria, MDRI investigators learned of a practice called “unmodified ECT”—the use of without any form of anaesthesia or muscle relaxants—a practice that is both painful and dangerous [5,6].



Figure 1

Bathroom in the Men's Chronic Ward of Larco Herrera Hospital, a Government-Supported Psychiatric Hospital in Lima, Peru
Vasospasm of the nipple was described in 1970
Authors: E. Hey
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Like most of the problems encountered during lactation, the condition reported by Laureen and Carolyn Lawlor-Smith–vasospasm of the nipple1 –was well described by Gunther more than 25 years ago in a book that remains a much neglected repository of wisdom on such issues.2 Sudden localised …
Modern Psychoanalysis: New Directions and Perspectives
Authors: Leon J. Saul
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This volume, by 34 authorities, is sponsored by the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, the organization developed by those who felt themselves hampered academically by the official body and who sought a free forum for interchange with all related disciplines and sciences. This work is one of the results. Freud's original theories of instincts and libido, his "mythology," as Freud himself called it, appears as no longer adequate, and the oedipus complex loses its once-central importance. The editor believes that the long-range future will see the traditional psychoanalytic forms altered, the theory moving away from Freud's metapsychology toward a more common language with the behavioral sciences—adaptation, learning, communications, and informations theory; a search for common denominators and uniform theories of behavior within general systems theory; and integration of psychodynamics with neurophysiology and neuropharmacology, with the ultimate emergence of a basic science of dynamic psychology. The presentation is divided into four sections,
Use of the Criteria Approach to Measurement of Effectiveness of Hospital Utilization
Authors: B. C. Payne
Journal: JAMA (1966)

If one agrees that some form of continuing study or measurement of hospital utilization is necessary, how can this best be done? A variety of approaches have been employed in a variety of situations. All share the bias of the individual judgment of the physician evaluator. There is not only obvious difference in evaluation of care or length of stay or indications for admissions between physicians, but there is a distressingly difficult difference in evaluation on two occasions by the same physician. The only satisfactory solution yet proposed for such a problem in evaluation is to develop a measure of sufficient subtlety to indicate variations in hospital use regardless of individual shortcomings. A system of criteria for medical and surgical care created for each diagnosis, prepared by physicians in advance of the actual study of the hospital chart, is such a yardstick. This is not so impossible a job as
Comparison of the measurement of surface or total platelet‐associated IgG in the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: John G. Kelton, Greg Denomme, Ann Lucarelli, Judy Garvey, Peter Powers, Cedric Carter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Platelet‐associated IgG (PAIgG) can be measured on intact platelets or following platelet lysis. Measurement of PAIgG following platelet lysis may provide different or additional information compared to PAIgG measured on intact platelets. The PAIgG of lysed platelets represents “total” PAIgG, ie, IgG on the surface of platelets plus any IgG that was inside the platelet. To investigate the clinical relevance of the two types of PAIgG assay we performed a prospective study on washed platelets collected from 47 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The PAIgG was measured on intact and lysed platelets using an immunoradiometric assay. Platelet‐associated IgG was 2–3 times higher when measured on lysed platelets from healthy controls or patients with ITP compared to PAIgG measured on the same intact platelets. The higher level of PAIgG observed following platelet lysis was not due to the reactions not achieving equilibrium. Using lysed platelets, PAIgG was elevated on 29 of 47 samples from different ITP patients and elevated in 31 samples when measured on intact platelets. The PAIgG is invariably higher when measured following platelet lysis compared measurements made on intact platelets. Neither technique offers a diagnostic advantage over the other.
Edge effect does not occur after implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents: a three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound analysis from the RAVEL trial
Authors: Andrea S. Abizaid, J.Eduardo Sousa, Pim de Feyter, Alexandre Abizald, Egon Wuelfert, William Wijns, Marie C. Morice, Giulio Guagliumi, Antonio Colombo, Patrick Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)