tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON ARTIFICIAL ANTIGENS
Authors: Baruj Benacerraf, Antonio Ojeda, Paul H. Maurer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

An effort was made to immunize guinea pigs with arsanilic acid conjugates of copolymers of D- and L-alpha-amino acids; ASD-GAT and ASL-GAT. An immune response was observed only in the case of ASL-GAT. Antibodies specific for the arsanilic acid hapten were produced which could also react with ASD-GAT or ASGPA. These findings indicate that the proper metabolism of the antigen may be essential to the induction of the immune response.
Identification of the Phosphorylated Residues in TveIF5A by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados, César López-Camarillo, Jesús Fandiño Armas, Guillermo Mendoza Hernandez, María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

The initiation factor eIF5A in Trichomonas vaginalis (TveIF5A) is previously shown to undergo hypusination, phosphorylation and glycosylation. Three different pI isoforms of TveIF5A have been reported. The most acidic isoform (pI 5.2) corresponds to the precursor TveIF5A, whereas the mature TveIF5A appears to be the most basic isoform (pI 5.5). In addition, the intermediary isoform (pI 5.3) is found only under polyamine-depleted conditions and restored with exogenous putrescine. We propose that differences in PI are due to phosphorylation of the TveIF5A isoforms. Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites using mass spectrometry. The mature TveIF5A contains four phosphorylated residues (S3, T55, T78 and T82). Phosphorylation at S3 and T82 is also identified in the intermediary TveIF5A, while no phosphorylated residues are found in the precursor TveIF5A. It has been demonstrated that eIF5A proteins from plants and yeast are phosphorylated by a casein kinase 2 (CK2). Interestingly, a gene encoding a protein highly similar to CK2 (TvCK2) is found in T. vaginalis, which might be involved in the phosphorylation of TveIF5A in T. vaginalis.
Renoprotective Action of Fenoldopam in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Tiziana Bove, Giovanni Landoni, Maria Grazia Calabrò, Giacomo Aletti, Giovanni Marino, Elisa Cerchierini, Giuseppe Crescenzi, Alberto Zangrillo
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Acute renal failure is a serious complication of cardiac surgery causing high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of fenoldopam, a specific agonist of the dopamine-1 receptor, in patients at high risk of perioperative renal dysfunction.A prospective single-center, randomized, double-blind trial was performed after local ethical committee approval and after written consent was obtained from 80 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients received either fenoldopam at 0.05 microg/kg per minute or dopamine at 2.5 microg/kg per minute after the induction of anesthesia for a 24-hour period. All these patients were at high risk of perioperative renal dysfunction as indicated by Continuous Improvement in Cardiac Surgery Program score >10. Primary end point was defined as 25% creatinine increase from baseline levels after cardiac surgery. The 2 groups (fenoldopam versus dopamine) were homogeneous cohorts, and no difference in outcome was observed. Acute renal failure was similar: 17 of 40 (42.5%) in the fenoldopam group and 16 of 40 (40%) in the dopamine group (P=0.9). Peak postoperative serum creatinine level, intensive care unit and hospital stay, and mortality were also similar in the 2 groups.Despite an increasing number of reports of renal protective properties from fenoldopam, we observed no difference in the clinical outcome compared with dopamine in a high-risk population undergoing cardiac surgery.
Preventing psychological disorders in children of divorce: guidelines for the general practitioner.
Authors: G Caplan
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Introduction</h3> To examine how the risk of cardiovascular disease changes according to degree of change in body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in patients with diabetes using the health medical examination cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. In comparison, the pattern in a non-diabetic control group was also examined. <h3>Research design and methods</h3> The study samples were 13 800 patients with type 2 diabetes and 185 898 non-diabetic controls, and their baseline characteristics and repeatedly measured BMI and LDL-cholesterol until occurrence of cardiovascular disease were collected in longitudinal data. We used the variability model that is joint of mixed effects and regression model, then estimated parameters about variability by Bayesian methods. <h3>Results</h3> The risk of cardiovascular disease was increased significantly with high average real variability (ARV) of BMI in the patients with diabetes, but the risk of cardiovascular disease was not increased according to degree of ARV in non-diabetic controls. The Bayesian variability model was used to analyze the effects of BMI and LDL-cholesterol change pattern on development of cardiovascular disease in diabetics, showing that variability did not have a statistically significant effect on cardiovascular disease. This shows the danger of the former simple method when interpreting only the mean of the absolute value of the variation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The approach of simple SD in previous studies for estimation of individual variability does not consider the order of observation. However, the Bayesian method used in this study allows for flexible modeling by superimposing volatility assessments on multistage models.
IDIOPATHIC ADRENAL APOPLEXY
Authors: J. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The interesting case report by Ralph C. Greene on spontaneous idiopathic bilateral adrenal apoplexy associated with hypertension inThe Journal, May 9, 1953, page 133, deserves comment. The 52-year-old man, with hypertension, nephrosclerosis, and renal insufficiency, had received considerable amounts of corticotropin (ACTH) for generalized "arthritic" aches and pains. He died seven days after hospitalization. I do not think that treatment with corticotropin was indicated. There was no evidence of arthritis of any kind, and the complaints of the patient fit the clinical picture I described as "hypertensive polyalgia" (Differential Diagnosis of Internal Diseases, New York, Grune &amp; Stratton, Inc., 1950, p. 188). I believe that treatment with corticotropin was contraindicated and that bilateral adrenal apoplexy could result from the administration of large doses of corticotropin to a person with arteriolar damage and hypertension.
Prognosis and prognostic factors of retinal infarction: a prospective cohort study.
Authors: G J Hankey, J M Slattery, C P Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prognosis and adverse prognostic factors in patients with retinal infarction due to presumed atheromatous thromboembolism or cardiogenic embolism. DESIGN--Prospective cohort study. SETTING--University hospital departments of clinical neurology. PATIENTS--99 patients with retinal infarction, without prior stroke, referred to a single neurologist between 1976 and 1986 and evaluated and followed up prospectively until death or the end of 1986 (mean follow up 4.2 years). INTERVENTIONS--Cerebral angiography (55 patients), aspirin treatment (37), oral anticoagulant treatment (eight), carotid endarterectomy (13), cardiac surgery (six), and peripheral vascular surgery (two). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Death, stroke, coronary events, contralateral retinal infarction; survival analysis confined to 98 patients with retinal infarction due to presumed artheromatous thromboembolism or cardiogenic embolism (one patient with giant cell arteries excluded), and Cox9s proportional hazards regression analysis, including age as a prognostic factor. RESULTS--During follow up 29 patients died (21 of vascular causes and eight of non-vascular or unknown causes), 10 had a first ever stroke, 19 had a coronary event, and only one developed contralateral retinal infarction. A coronary event accounted for more than half (59%) of the deaths whereas stroke was the cause of only one death (3%). Over the first five years after retinal infarction the actuarial average absolute risk of death was 8% per year; of stroke 2.5% per year (7.4% in the first year); of coronary events 5.3% per year, exceeding that of stroke; and of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death 7.4% per year. Prognostic factors associated with an increased risk of death were increasing age, peripheral vascular disease, cardiomegaly, and carotid bruit. Adverse prognostic factors for serious vascular events were increasing age and carotid bruit for stroke, and increasing age, cardiomegaly, and carotid bruit both for coronary events and for stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. CONCLUSIONS--Patients who present with retinal infarction due to presumed atherothromboembolism or cardiogenic embolism are at considerable risk of a coronary event. The risk of stroke, although high, is not so great. Not all strokes occurring after retinal infarction relate directly to disease of the ipsilateral carotid system, although this is probably the most common cause. Few patients experience contralateral retinal infarction. Non-arteritic retinal infarction should be diagnosed or confirmed by an ophthalmologist, and the long term care of patients with the condition should involve a physician who has an active interest in managing vascular disease.
Studies on “Big” Growth Hormone from Human Plasma and Pituitary
Authors: Donald R. Wright, A. David Goodman, Kathleen D. Trimble
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Most of the immunoreactive growth hormone (IRGH) in human plasma elutes from Sephadex G-75 as “little” GH (LGH), mol wt 22,000, but 14-39% elutes earlier (“big” GH, BGH). In saline extracts of human pituitary, 11-17% of IRGH eluted as BGH. On gel filtration of pituitary and plasma BGH in 8 M urea, 59-81% ran as LGH, but when the remaining BGH was refiltered in urea, all ran as BGH. Thus there is a “urea-stable” and a “urea-labile” form of BGH. SImilarly, freezing and thawing converted over half of pituitary and plasma BGH to LGH, but when the “freeze-stable” BGH was again frozen, thawed, and refiltered, almost all ran as BGH. Urea-stable BGH was not dissociated by freezing, and most of the freeze-stable BGH was stable in urea, so the two forms are very similar or identical. Since 8 M urea and freezing dissociate peptides linked by noncovalent bonds, probably the BGH that is dissociated by urea and freezing consists of LGH bound noncovalently to another moiety, while in stable BGH the LGH is bound to another molecule by covalent or unusually strong noncovalent linkage. On centrifugation, the sedimentation of urea-stable BGH was consistent with a mol wt about twice that of LGH. Trypsinization of urea-stable BGH converted 36-59% to LGH, suggesting that some BGH may be a “prohormone” of LGH. On retrypsinization of the BGH that was not converted to LGH, only 13-24% converted, suggesting that there may be two forms of urea-stable BGH which vary in their response to trypsin.
In vivo antinuclear antibody of the skin: diagnostic significance and association with selective antinuclear antibodies.
Authors: P.J Velthuis, L Kater, I van der Tweel, F.G Meyling, R.H Derksen, R.J Hené, J.A van Geutselaar, H Baart de la Faille
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Immunofluorescence microscopy of the skin has disclosed antibodies bound to epidermal cell nuclei in several connective tissue disorders. To establish the diagnostic potential of this phenomenon the results of immunofluorescence microscopy of biopsy specimens from 1651 subjects with various diseases and from 315 patients with systemic connective tissue disorders and related diseases were reviewed. It was found that the predictive value of the phenomenon for the presence of a systemic connective tissue disorder was, in general, 88%. Except for the homogeneous and thready patterns, which seldom appear, but are specific for SLE, in vivo antinuclear antibody (ANA) does not discriminate better between the various disorders than do serum antibodies. The presence of in vivo ANA in the skin was related to serum antibodies against non-histone nucleoproteins, but not to anti-dsDNA antibodies. Combined with the finding that antibodies against non-histone nucleoproteins can bind on the surface of human keratinocytes, this suggests that ANA of the skin occurs in vivo.
Implementation of the Chronic Care Model in Small Medical Practices Improves Cardiovascular Risk but Not Glycemic Control
Authors: Anja Frei, Oliver Senn, Corinne Chmiel, Josiane Reissner, Ulrike Held, Thomas Rosemann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE To test whether the implementation of elements of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) via a specially trained practice nurse leads to an improved cardiovascular risk profile among type 2 diabetes patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cluster randomized controlled trial with primary care physicians as the unit of randomization was conducted in the German part of Switzerland. Three hundred twenty-six type 2 diabetes patients (age >18 years; at least one glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] level of ≥7.0% [53 mmol/mol] in the preceding year) from 30 primary care practices participated. The intervention included implementation of CCM elements and involvement of practice nurses in the care of type 2 diabetes patients. Primary outcome was HbA1c levels. The secondary outcomes were blood pressure (BP), LDL cholesterol, accordance with CCM (assessed by Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care [PACIC] questionnaire), and quality of life (assessed by the 36-item short-form health survey [SF-36]). RESULTS After 1 year, HbA1c levels decreased significantly in both groups with no significant difference between groups (-0.05% [-0.60 mmol/mol]; P = 0.708). Among intervention group patients, systolic BP (-3.63; P = 0.050), diastolic BP (-4.01; P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (-0.21; P = 0.033), and PACIC subscores (P < 0.001 to 0.048) significantly improved compared with control group patients. No differences between groups were shown in the SF-36 subscales. CONCLUSIONS A chronic care approach according to the CCM and involving practice nurses in diabetes care improved the cardiovascular risk profile and is experienced by patients as a better structured care. Our study showed that care according to the CCM can be implemented even in small primary care practices, which still represent the usual structure in most European health care systems.
Intracoronary Eptifibatide Bolus Administration During Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization for Acute Coronary Syndromes With Evaluation of Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Occupancy and Platelet Function
Authors: Albert J. Deibele, Lisa K. Jennings, James E. Tcheng, Cathy Neva, Angela D. Earhart, C. Michael Gibson
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Eptifibatide reduces major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Intracoronary bolus administration of eptifibatide may result in higher levels of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy in the local coronary bed, disaggregate thrombus in the epicardial artery and microvasculature, and thereby improve coronary flow.Patients undergoing PCI for an acute coronary syndrome were randomized to either intracoronary or intravenous bolus administration of eptifibatide. The primary end point was the local glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy measured in the coronary sinus. There were no angiographic, electrophysiological, or other adverse findings attributable to intracoronary eptifibatide. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy was significantly greater with intracoronary versus intravenous administration: first bolus, 94+/-9% versus 51+/-15% (P<0.001); and second bolus, 99+/-2% versus 91+/-4% (P=0.001), respectively. Microvascular perfusion was significantly improved as measured by the corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (cTFC) with intracoronary versus intravenous administration: pre-PCI, 36 (median) (25th and 75th percentiles, 16 and 64) versus 31 (25th and 75th percentiles, 23 and 45; P=0.8); and post-PCI, 18 (25th and 75th percentiles, 10 and 22) versus 25 (25th and 75th percentiles, 22 and 35; P=0.007), respectively. The only multivariate predictor associated with a post-PCI cTFC rank score was the first bolus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy (P<0.001).Intracoronary bolus administration of eptifibatide during PCI in patients with acute coronary syndromes results in higher local platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy, which is associated with improved microvascular perfusion demonstrated by an improved cTFC.
Medical students still lack skills needed to practise evidence-based medicine
Authors: Alhafidz Hamdan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

We read with interest the recent article by Banerjee et al.1 and like the authors, we agree that evidence-based medicine and quality improvement are vital in improving healthcare delivery in the NHS. However, unlike the authors, we do not think that evidence-based medicine is adequately incorporated in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Based on our experience and previously published studies,2–4 key skills needed to practise evidence-based medicine such as critical appraisal, research methodology and medical statistics are still not being adequately taught at medical school, despite clear recommendations by the General Medical Council.5 If this was true, medical students may not have adequate knowledge on evidence-based medicine to help them embrace principles of quality improvement, as discussed in the article.1

To explore this issue, we undertook a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire survey of 101 medical students from 18 UK medical schools attending an academic medicine conference. A response rate of 81.8% (82/101) was achieved (41.5% men, mean age 22.5 years). Of 82 medical students, only 32.9% regularly read medical journals, 56.1% knew how to critically appraise journal articles and 64.6% did not have a good understanding of basic research methodology. Moreover, only 37.8% of medical students understood basic medical statistics and 31.6% knew how to perform basic statistical calculations. These findings suggest that medical students lack important skills needed to practice evidence-based medicine. More worryingly, it is likely that our findings understate the actual situation at medical schools (given our sample population of research-oriented students).

It has been suggested that medical students are reluctant to learn about critical appraisal, research methodology and medical statistics because they do not see the translational benefit in clinical practice.2–4 A curriculum that teaches evidence-based medicine (clinical knowledge) and quality improvement (clinical translation) simultaneously could ameliorate this lack of interest.
COMPARATIVE METHODS OF PROTEIN EXTRACTION WITH CHEMICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES
Authors: GEORGE PINESS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Protein skin tests are a generally accepted method of diagnosis in allergic diseases. It is known that they furnish reliable evidence in determining the etiologic factors concerned in allergic manifestations. This reliability is based on evidence that may be demonstrated both clinically and experimentally. On the clinical side, we know that typical skin or systemic reactions are more or less constant for each specific protein in a given sensitive individual, that removal of this protein relieves the allergic symptoms, and that by small, graduated doses it is possible to immunize a sensitive individual against this protein's injurious effects. On the laboratory and experimental side, we know that many proteins give a precipitin or a complement fixation test with the serum of the individual in whom they produce allergic symptoms; that it is possible to sensitize a hitherto nonsensitive individual to a given protein, and that there is an analogous and,
THE FINANCIAL RELATIONS OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION TO THE PEOPLE AND PUBLIC.
Authors: J. J. CONNER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

lesions and a differentiating history.Besides this the tests of Gelle and Bing may aid in diagnosis.From epilepsy the incomplete loss of consciousness, the con- tinuing of vertigo after the paroxysm and the loss of hearing make Ménière's disease easily distinguishable.Case.-In August, 1900, I was called to see Fernando M., aged 67, who was suffering from a so-called bilious attack.In attending him his relatives related the oc- currence of similar attacks and gave me a partial his- tory of apoplexy.Being dissatisfied with the correctness of the diagnosis I was requested to call and make an examination, which I did the following day.By that time the patient had entirely recovered from his attack, appeared well nourished, had good color and, as he stated, an excellent appetite.I solicited the following history : Twelve years ago he was taken sick with a rheumatic attack which recurred frequently until six years ago when, during one of these attacks, he had an apoplectic stroke, or an attack diagnosed as such at the time.The attack consisted of a sudden and almost complete loss of consciousness, which came on while he was sitting at the table eating supper.Dizziness ushered in the attack and noises in the ear were loud.No paralysis followed, and in two days he practically recovered, save for an inability to use his tongue as heretofore; it seeming thick and difficult to move,
Inducible T-cell receptor expression in precursor T cells for leukemia control
Authors: S S Hoseini, M Hapke, J Herbst, D Wedekind, R Baumann, N Heinz, B Schiedlmeier, D A A Vignali, M R M van den Brink, A Schambach, B R Blazar, M G Sauer
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Perforation of the intraventricular septum
Authors: J C. Forfar, J. B Irving, H. C Miller, D. J Wheatley, A. H Kitchin
Journal: BMJ (1981)

was found and successfully excised at operation.It is always therefore worth bearing in mind the possibility, albeit very remote, of a right atrial myxoma as the cause for symptoms in those cases who present with evidence of constrictive pericarditis without pericardial calcification.
Prognostic Significance of Nuclear Factor-κB p105/p50 in Human Melanoma and Its Role in Cell Migration
Authors: Kai Gao, Derek L. Dai, Magdalena Martinka, Gang Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family has been shown to play an important role in tumor pathogenesis and serve as a potential target in cancer therapy. However, it is necessary to clarify the specific functions of NF-κB members, which would provide the basis for the selective blockade and reduction of therapeutic side effects resulting from unspecific inhibition of NF-κB members. In this study, we explored the role of NF-κB p105/p50 in melanoma pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We found that the expression of NF-κB p105/p50 significantly increased in dysplastic nevi, primary melanoma, and metastatic melanoma compared with normal nevi (P = 0.0004, χ2 test). Furthermore, NF-κB p105/p50 nuclear staining increased with melanoma progression and strong NF-κB p105/p50 nuclear staining was inversely correlated with disease-specific 5-year survival of patients with tumor thickness &amp;gt;2.0 mm (P = 0.014, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that nuclear expression of NF-κB p105/p50 is an independent prognostic factor in this subgroup. Moreover, we found that up-regulation of NF-κB p50 enhanced melanoma cell migration, whereas small interfering RNA knockdown inhibited cell migration. In addition, overexpression of NF-κB p50 induced RhoA activity and Rock-mediated formation of stress fiber in melanoma cells. Taken together, our data indicate that NF-κB p105/p50 may be an important marker for human melanoma progression and prognosis as well as a potentially selective therapeutic target. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8382-8)