tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation of vascular adhesion protein-1 on liver endothelium results in an NF-κB–dependent increase in lymphocyte adhesion
Authors: Patricia F. Lalor, Phoebe Jun Sun, Chris J. Weston, Azucena Martin-Santos, Michael J. O. Wakelam, David H. Adams
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an adhesion molecule and amine oxidase that is expressed at high levels in the human liver. It promotes leukocyte adhesion to the liver in vivo and drives lymphocyte transmigration across hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro . We report that in addition to supporting leukocyte adhesion, provision of specific substrate to VAP-1 results in hepatic endothelial cell activation, which can be abrogated by treatment with the enzyme inhibitor semicarbazide. VAP-1–mediated activation was rapid; dependent upon nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways; and led to upregulation of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and secretion of the chemokine CXCL8. This response resulted in enhanced lymphocyte adhesion, was restricted to hepatic endothelial cells that expressed VAP-1, and was not observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conclusion : We propose that as well as directly promoting adhesion via interactions with the as yet unknown ligand, binding of enzyme substrate to VAP-1 can indirectly promote inflammatory cell recruitment via upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines. This response is likely to be important for the recruitment of leukocytes to the liver and suggests that VAP-1 inhibitors have therapeutic potential for treating chronic inflammatory liver disease.
Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of FLT3 define a new molecular mechanism of acquired drug resistance to PTK inhibitors in FLT3-ITD–transformed hematopoietic cells
Authors: Ksenia Bagrintseva, Ruth Schwab, Tobias M. Kohl, Susanne Schnittger, Sabine Eichenlaub, Joachim W. Ellwart, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Karsten Spiekermann
Journal: Blood (2003)
Health Risks of Creosotes
Authors: Philip J. Landrigan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased oxidative stress in cirrhotic rat livers: A potential mechanism contributing to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability
Authors: Jorge Gracia‐Sancho, Bàrbara Laviña, Aina Rodríguez‐Vilarrupla, Héctor García‐Calderó, Mercedes Fernández, Jaume Bosch, Joan‐Carles García‐Pagán
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

In cirrhotic livers, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a major factor increasing intrahepatic vascular tone.In several vascular disorders, an increase in superoxide (O 2 ؊ ) has been shown to contribute to reduced NO bioavailability through its reaction with NO to form peroxynitrite.This study was aimed to test the hypothesis that, in cirrhotic livers, increased O 2 ؊ , by reacting with NO, reduces NO bioavailability.In control and cirrhotic rat livers, NO bioavailability was evaluated by the measurement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in liver tissue and by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2,7-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM-DA) fluorescence in isolated sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC); the O 2 ؊ content was determined by dihydroethidium staining in fresh liver sections.In addition, the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), and cyclooxygenase (COX) as possible sources of O 2 ؊ and the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity as an O 2 ؊ scavenger were determined in liver homogenates.Protein-nitrotyrosination, a marker of the NO-O 2 ؊ reaction, was evaluated in liver homogenates.Furthermore, in control SEC and bovine aortic endothelial cells, NO modulation by O 2 ؊ was evaluated.Cirrhotic livers exhibited increased O 2 ؊ levels.This was due, at least in part, to increased production by COX and XO but not eNOS and to reduced scavenging by SOD.Increased O 2 ؊ was associated with a significant reduction in NO bioavailability and increased nitrotyrosinated proteins.In endothelial cells, an inverse relationship between O 2 ؊ levels and NO bioavailability was observed.Conclusion: Our data show that oxidative stress may contribute to reduced NO bioavailability in cirrhotic livers, supporting the evaluation of O 2 ؊ reduction as a potential mechanism to restore NO content.(HEPATOLOGY 2008;47:1248-1256.)I ncreased resistance to portal blood flow is the primary factor in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension, the main complication of cirrhosis. 1,2Architectural alterations of the liver parenchyma as well as a dynamic increase in the hepatic vascular tone contribute to the increased resistance to portal blood flow of cirrhotic livers.The increase in hepatic vascular tone is partly due to increased release of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)derived vasoconstrictive prostanoids 3,4 and to reduced bioavailability within the liver of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO), [5][6][7] both mechanisms favoring the contraction of different elements within the cirrhotic liver.][14][15] In several vascular disorders, the potential of reactive oxygen species to bind proteins, break DNA, and promote cell damage by reacting with several cellular compo-
Terminally Differentiated CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans
Authors: Simon Reinke, Sven Geissler, William R. Taylor, Katharina Schmidt-Bleek, Kerstin Juelke, Verena Schwachmeyer, Michael Dahne, Tony Hartwig, Levent Akyüz, Christian Meisel, Nadine Unterwalder, Navrag B. Singh, Petra Reinke, Norbert P. Haas, Hans-Dieter Volk, Georg N. Duda
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

A subset of T cells inhibits bone regeneration in humans.
The Canadian Journal of Urology
Authors: Jonathan Roth
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The<i>Canadian Journal of Urology</i>aims to provide a professional platform for academic and clinical urologists throughout Canada. University-affiliated urologists from most of the provinces, including Quebec, comprise the editorial board. Only English-language articles are published. Each quarterly issue follows a similar format that includes a leading review article with editorial comment, a case report, and original review articles that cross the major disciplines of oncology, infertility, impotence, stone disease, and voiding dysfunction. There is also a designated section for resident contributions. The feature articles are brief, informative and of interest to a broad audience of practicing urologists, residents, students, and other health care professionals. Feature articles in the reviewed issues included "Controversies in the Management of Clinical T3 Carcinoma of the Prostate" and "Laparoscopic Urology: Fantasy or Foundation." Through well-illustrated figures and tables with algorithms of treatment options, the feature articles translate complex clinical problems into simpler management solutions.
Isoantiserum-augmented development of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.
Authors: R Faanes, M Walker, Y S Choi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Passive administration of anti-P-814 isoantiserum (IS) with P-815 mastocytoma was shown to augment the development of T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC). The LMC activity augmented by IS was specific to immunizing tumor cells, but required the simultaneous administration of P-815 tumor cells and anti-P-815 serum, suggesting that the antigen-antibody complex is involved in the development of specific cytotoxic T cells. The serum component responsible for augmented development of LMC activity appeared to be IgM in that the augmenting activity fractionated in the void volume of a G-200 Sephadex column and appears very early after immunization. Our experimental results suggest the development of specific T-cell cytotoxicity can be directly regulated by specific IgM antibodies.
Swyer-James Syndrome: Diagnostic Application of Combined Radionuclide Ventilation and Perfusion Scanning
Authors: HEE KYUNG LEE, MARGARITO GRANADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

A case of Swyer-James syndrome, mainly suggested by the conventional chest x-ray, was further studied with radionuclide ventilation and perfusion imaging. The 99 mTc-macroaggregated albumin perfusion scan revealed diffusely diminished perfusion in the left lung, which showed hyperlucency on the chest x-ray. The 133Xe ventilation scan showed markedly diminished ventilation with diffuse gas-trapping in the same lung. The scan findings correlated well with the basic pathophysiologic changes of the entity. Combined radionuclide ventilation and perfusion scanning may be a useful means of demonstrating the physiologic abnormality of this syndrom.
Effects of Surface-Active Aerosols and Pulmonary Congestion on Lung Compliance and Resistance
Authors: RICHARD A. OBENOUR, HERBERT A. SALTZMAN, HERBERT O. SIEKER, JAMES L. GREEN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Pulmonary compliance and resistance were studied in normal subjects after quiet respiration, deep breathing, and the nebulization of surface-active agents. Deep breathing resulted in a significant rise in pulmonary compliance and decrease in airway and tissue resistance. Alcohol nebulizations increased compliance and decreased resistance in normal subjects. Siliconized superinone and water nebulizations had an opposite effect. Simulated pulmonary congestion in normal subjects and congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema inhibited the anticipated response to alcohol aerosols. Responsiveness returned in part to patients with congestive heart failure after restoration of cardiac compensation. These observations suggest that pulmonary vascular congestion is a major cause of altered respiratory mechanics in heart failure. In the presence of pulmonary congestion, surface-active aerosols do not demonstrably affect compliance.
THE DISABLED ARM
Authors: J. D. Buxton
Journal: BMJ (1960)

It has been reported that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is beneficial for coronary artery disease (CAD) among the general population. However, its effects in patients who are on hemodialysis (HD) remain unclear. A prospective cohort study was performed to clarify whether PCI has a therapeutic advantage over medical therapy among HD patients with CAD. A follow-up study to 5 yr was conducted among 259 HD patients with ischemic heart disease. Mean follow-up was 39 mo. Patients were divided into three groups: 122 patients without significant stenosis, 88 patients who had significant stenosis and were treated with PCI, and 49 patients who had significant stenosis and were treated with medication only. The primary end point was cardiac death, and the secondary end point was all-cause death. The results showed that the 5-yr cardiac survival rate was 41.6% in the medication group, 77.1% in the PCI group (<i>P</i> = 0.0006), and 84.5% in the nonstenosis group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). The 5-yr all-cause survival rate was 19.3% in the medication group, 48.4% in the PCI group (<i>P</i> = 0.004), and 64.3% in the nonstenosis group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). Even after adjustment for other risk factors, effects of PCI on the risk for cardiac and all-cause death remained significant and independent (odds ratio 0.14; 95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.25, <i>P</i> = 0.0006; and odds ratio 0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.54, <i>P</i> = 0.0062, respectively). Results were consistent when the therapeutic effect of PCI or medication was analyzed using propensity-matched patients. These data suggested that PCI could improve the prognosis of HD patients with CAD. PCI would be recommended for HD patients with CAD.
Risk of HCC: Genetic heterogeneity and complex genetics
Authors: Tommaso A. Dragani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of cancer that arises from hepatocytes and whose risk may be affected by several known environmental factors, including hepatitis viruses, alcohol, cigarette smoking, and others. Rare monogenic syndromes, such as alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, glycogen storage disease type I, hemochromatosis, acute intermittent and cutanea tarda porphyria, as well as hereditary tyrosinemia type I are associated with a high risk of HCC. Several common conditions or diseases inherited as polygenic traits e.g. autoimmune hepatitis, type 2 diabetes, a family history of HCC, hypothyroidism, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis also show an increased risk of HCC compared to the general population. Overall, the genetic susceptibility to HCC is characterized by a genetic heterogeneity; a high individual risk of HCC may thus be caused by several unlinked single gene defects, whose carriers are rare in the general population, or by more common conditions inherited by complex genetics.
A mouse model of accelerated liver aging caused by a defect in DNA repair
Authors: Siobhán Q. Gregg, Verónica Gutiérrez, Andria Rasile Robinson, Tyler Woodell, Atsunori Nakao, Mark A. Ross, George K. Michalopoulos, Lora Rigatti, Carrie E. Rothermel, Irene Kamileri, George Garinis, Donna Beer Stolz, Laura J. Niedernhofer
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract The liver changes with age, leading to an impaired ability to respond to hepatic insults and increased incidence of liver disease in the elderly. Therefore, there is critical need for rapid model systems to study aging-related liver changes. One potential opportunity is murine models of human progerias or diseases of accelerated aging. Ercc1 −/Δ mice model a rare human progeroid syndrome caused by inherited defects in DNA repair. To determine whether hepatic changes that occur with normal aging occur prematurely in Ercc1 −/Δ mice, we systematically compared liver from 5-month-old progeroid Ercc1 −/Δ mice to old (24-36-month-old) wild-type (WT) mice. Both displayed areas of necrosis, foci of hepatocellular degeneration, and acute inflammation. Loss of hepatic architecture, fibrosis, steatosis, pseudocapillarization, and anisokaryosis were more dramatic in Ercc1 −/Δ mice than in old WT mice. Liver enzymes were significantly elevated in serum of Ercc1 −/Δ mice and old WT mice, whereas albumin was reduced, demonstrating liver damage and dysfunction. The regenerative capacity of Ercc1 −/Δ liver after partial hepatectomy was significantly reduced. There was evidence of increased oxidative damage in Ercc1 −/Δ and old WT liver, including lipofuscin, lipid hydroperoxides and acrolein, as well as increased hepatocellular senescence. There was a highly significant correlation in genome-wide transcriptional changes between old WT and 16-month-old, but not 5-week-old, Ercc1 −/Δ mice, emphasizing that the Ercc1 −/Δ mice acquire an aging profile in early adulthood. Conclusion: There are strong functional, regulatory, and histopathological parallels between accelerated aging driven by a DNA repair defect and normal aging. This supports a role for DNA damage in driving aging and validates a murine model for rapidly testing hypotheses about causes and treatment for aging-related hepatic changes. (Hepatology 2012)
Munchausen Syndrome: A New Variant
Authors: Harry V. Unfug
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  In 1975 we reported in these pages (231:22, 1975) Major Munchausen, who later appeared at the University of Kansas Medical Center and in March 1977 at Wilmington, Del.  Fort Collins, Colo, has been blessed with a new variant of the Munchausen syndrome, a man who has an open admission pass to any hospital in the United States. He appeared at Poudre Valley Memorial Hospital in June 1977 stating he had Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and severe chest and back pain. His history was changeable, including cardioversion in Phoenix, Ariz (not confirmed by phoning), and admission in Las Vegas in December 1976 with normal coronary arteriography. Also, recent history was given of an alleged head injury on an oil crew in Wyoming and transfer to a neurosurgeon in Salt Lake City and a neurologist in Fort Collins, Colo.  Previous physicians were contacted and indicated that he made undue requests
The geographical distribution of primary biliary cirrhosis in a well-defined cohort
Authors: Martin I. Prince, Amanda Chetwynd, Peter Diggle, Mikala Jarner, Jane V. Metcalf, Oliver F. W. James
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The incidence of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) varies widely between regions. However, little is known about variation within regions and the degree to which this may reflect environmental risk factors. The aim of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of cases of PBC in a defined region of Northeast England over a defined period, and to assess the magnitude of any departure from random spatial distribution. Seven hundred seventy patients with established PBC were identified in a previous comprehensive case finding study. A total of 3,044 control locations were randomly selected from postcode (zip code) data weighted for number of drop off points per postcode. Geographical analysis was performed by testing both for spatial variation in risk and local clustering by using previously described point process methods. Both tests used the same null hypothesis that risk of disease does not vary spatially and cases occur independently of each other. Statistically significant spatial variations in risk were found in the whole study region (P <.001) and in the major urban area within the region (P <.004). Risk was higher in the urban area of Tyneside than in the surrounding rural area. Within the rural area, spatial variation in risk was equivocal (P =.012), but there was significant (P =.001) clustering of cases (estimated average cluster effect approximately 10 excess cases within a 7-km radius). PBC occurred to a density of 10.7 cases/km(2) in the highest risk areas. In conclusion, PBC is unevenly distributed in Northeast England. This may reflect one or more environmental risk factors in its etiology.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism in the Presence of an Endocardiac Pacing Catheter
Authors: George B. Prozan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Thrombosis in the right atrium and ventricle along the course of an implanted catheter pacemaker is a rare occurrence. Subsequent pulmonary emboli complicated congestive heart failure in our patient. Such a complication should be considered when congestive heart failure becomes a prominent problem in patients with implanted catheter pacemaking systems. Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy is not recommended because the problem is still rare in proportion to the number of implanted catheters.
Tumor promoters in commercial indoor-plant cultivars of the Euphorbiaceae.
Authors: G Vogg, E Mattes, A Polack, H Sandermann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Certain decorative indoor-plant cultivars are derived from toxic wild plant species. Native members of the Euphorbiaceae (spurge) contain highly irritating and tumor-promoting diterpene esters. Plant breeders and gardeners are constantly searching for less toxic cultivars of the popular Euphorbiaceae indoor plants. In this investigation, 22 commercial cultivars of Euphorbiaceae indoor plants were examined for tumor promoter contents by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cultivars of E. milii (E. lomii hybrids), and in particular E. leuconeura, contained ingenol derivatives, whereas cultivars of E. pulcherrima and Codiaeum variegatum were devoid of these compounds. Tumor-promoting activity was assessed by induction of a luciferase reporter gene, which was placed under the control of an Epstein-Barr virus early antigen promoter. The response was closely correlated with ingenol ester content; the latex of the two E. leuconeura cultivars tested gave the strongest response. The HPLC and bioassay methods used in this study provide a basis for the development of nontoxic indoor-plant cultivars and perhaps for consumer-oriented labeling.
Comparisons of Baseline Demographics, Clinical Presentation, and Long-Term Outcome Among Patients With Early, Late, and Very Late Stent Thrombosis of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents
Authors: Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Ken Kozuma, Yasuhiro Honda, Teruyoshi Kume, Tadanori Aizawa, Kazuaki Mitsudo, Shunichi Miyazaki, Tetsu Yamaguchi, Emi Hiyoshi, Eizo Nishimura, Takaaki Isshiki
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Stent thrombosis (ST) after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation has not yet been adequately characterized, mainly because of its low incidence.The Registry of Stent Thrombosis for Review and Reevaluation (RESTART) is a Japanese nationwide registry of sirolimus-eluting stent-associated ST comprising 611 patients with definite ST (early [within 30 days; EST], 322 patients; late [between 31 and 365 days; LST], 105 patients; and very late [>1 year; VLST], 184 patients). Baseline demographics, clinical presentation, and long-term outcome of sirolimus-eluting stent-associated ST were compared among patients with EST, LST, and VLST. Baseline demographics were significantly different according to the timing of ST. Characteristic demographic factors for LST/VLST versus EST identified by multivariable model were hemodialysis, end-stage renal disease not on hemodialysis, absence of circumflex target, target of chronic total occlusion, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, and age <65 years. For LST versus VLST, they were hemodialysis, heart failure, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and low body mass index. Patients with LST had a significantly higher rate of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade 2/3 flow (36%) at the time of ST than those with EST (13%) (P<0.0001) and VLST (17%; P<0.0001). Mortality rate at 1 year after ST was significantly lower in patients with VLST (10.5%) compared with those with EST (22.4%; P=0.003) or LST (23.5%; P=0.009).ST timing-dependent differences in baseline demographic features, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade, and mortality rate suggest possible differences in the predominant pathophysiological mechanisms of ST according to timing after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.
Trimodal pattern of C9ORF72 GGGGCC normal allele repeat number in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and lack of association with disease risk and age at onset
Authors: Ione Woollacott, Aleksey Shatunov, Ashley Jones, Karen E Morrison, P Nigel Leigh, Pamela J Shaw, Christopher E Shaw, Ammar Al-Chalabi
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Inflammatory Monocytes Recruited to Allergic Skin Acquire an Anti-inflammatory M2 Phenotype via Basophil-Derived Interleukin-4
Authors: Mayumi Egawa, Kaori Mukai, Soichiro Yoshikawa, Misako Iki, Naofumi Mukaida, Yohei Kawano, Yoshiyuki Minegishi, Hajime Karasuyama
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Trends in cerebral palsy in Western Australia.
Authors: J. Glynn, D. Leon
Journal: BMJ (1992)

I have knowledge of 50 deaths (this includes unpublished cases from personal communica- tions).The problem is sporadic and rare; because the consequences are so devastating for the patient, however, the medical and nursing staff managing patients with central venous catheters must prevent air gaining access to the venous circulation.4"