tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Course of Anorexia Nervosa in the Community
Authors: Anna Keski-Rahkonen, Hans W. Hoek, Ezra S. Susser, Milla S. Linna, Elina Sihvola, Anu Raevuori, Cynthia M. Bulik, Jaakko Kaprio, Aila Rissanen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Most previous studies of the prevalence, incidence, and outcome of anorexia nervosa have been limited to cases detected through the health care system, which may bias our understanding of the disorder’s incidence and natural course. The authors sought to describe the onset and outcomes of anorexia nervosa in the general population. Method: Lifetime prevalences, incidence rates, and 5-year recovery rates of anorexia nervosa were calculated on the basis of data from 2,881 women from the 1975–1979 birth cohorts of Finnish twins. Women who screened positive for eating disorder symptoms (N=292), their screen-negative female co-twins (N=134), and 210 randomly selected screen-negative women were assessed for lifetime eating disorders by telephone by experienced clinicians. To assess outcomes after clinical recovery and to detect residua of illness, women who had recovered were compared with their unaffected co-twins and healthy unrelated women on multiple outcome measures. Results: The lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV anorexia nervosa was 2.2%, and half of the cases had not been detected in the health care system. The incidence of anorexia nervosa in women between 15 and 19 years of age was 270 per 100,000 person-years. The 5-year clinical recovery rate was 66.8%. Outcomes did not differ between detected and undetected cases. After clinical recovery, the residua of illness steadily receded. By 5 years after clinical recovery, most probands had reached complete or nearly complete psychological recovery and closely resembled their unaffected co-twins and healthy women in weight and most psychological and social measures. Conclusions: The authors found a substantially higher lifetime prevalence and incidence of anorexia nervosa than reported in previous studies, most of which were based on treated cases. Most women recovered clinically within 5 years, and thereafter usually progressed toward full recovery.
Angiogenesis Inhibitor IM862 Is Ineffective Against AIDS-Kaposi's Sarcoma in a Phase III Trial, but Demonstrates Sustained, Potent Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: From the AIDS Malignancy Consortium and IM862 Study Team
Authors: Ariela Noy, David T. Scadden, Jeannette Lee, Bruce J. Dezube, David Aboulafia, Anil Tulpule, Sharon Walmsley, Parkash Gill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

IM862 is a synthetic dipeptide (L-glutamine L-tryptophan) with in vitro and in vivo antiangiogenic properties. Phase I/II studies showed minimal toxicity and a response rate of 36% in AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma. We report a 24-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III trial with the phase II dose, 5 mg intranasally every other day.Two hundred two HIV-positive patients were enrolled, 104 on IM862 and 98 on placebo.Baseline characteristics were comparable except current antiretroviral therapy: 88% versus 96% (IM862 v placebo group; P = .042). The median treatment durations were 19.5 versus 24 weeks (IM862 v placebo). No significant difference was detected in response rate (IM862, 23%; 95% CI, 15% to 32% v placebo, 21%; 95% CI, 14% to 31%; P = .46), time to response (8.5 weeks v 14 weeks; P = .024), or duration of response. However, IM862 was associated with both a shorter time to response (8.5 weeks v 14 weeks; P = .024) and shorter median time to progression (16 weeks, 95% CI, 13 to 27 weeks v 35 weeks, 95% CI, 26 to 114 weeks; P = .012).Despite promising phase I and phase II studies, IM862 5 mg every other day was not superior to placebo and may accelerate time to progression. Highly active antiretroviral therapy alone was associated with a substantial rate of sustained tumor response and may have contributed to prior estimates of IM862 response. Therapeutic trials for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma must account for ongoing immune reconstitution in the setting of concurrent highly active antiretroviral therapy that may confound estimates of therapeutic activity.
Secondary memory CD8+ T cells are more protective but slower to acquire a central–memory phenotype
Authors: Ali Jabbari, John T. Harty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

The formation of memory CD8 T cells is an important goal of vaccination. However, although widespread use of booster immunizations in humans generates secondary and tertiary CD8 T cell memory, experimental data are limited to primary CD8 T cell memory. Here, we show that, compared with primary memory CD8 T cells, secondary memory CD8 T cells exhibit substantially delayed conversion to a central–memory phenotype, as determined by CD62L expression and interleukin (IL)-2 production. This delayed conversion to a central–memory phenotype correlates with reduced basal proliferation and responsiveness to IL-15, although in vitro coculture with a high concentration of IL-15 is capable of inducing proliferation and CD62L upregulation. Functionally, secondary memory CD8 T cells are more protective in vivo on a per cell basis, and this may be explained by sustained lytic ability. Additionally, secondary memory CD8 T cells are more permissive than primary memory CD8 T cells for new T cell priming in lymph nodes, possibly suggesting a mechanism of replacement for memory T cells. Thus, primary and secondary memory CD8 T cells are functionally distinct, and the number of encounters with antigen influences memory CD8 T cell function.
Electrical Properties and Conduction in Reperfused Papillary Muscle
Authors: Wayne E. Cascio, Hua Yang, Timothy A. Johnson, Barbara J. Muller-Borer, John J. Lemasters
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

The reversibility of ischemia-induced changes of extracellular K + concentration ([K + ] o ), resting membrane potential (E M ), and passive cable-like properties, ie, extracellular resistance and cell-to-cell electrical coupling, and their relationship to recovery of conduction and contraction is described in 25 reperfused rabbit papillary muscles. No-flow ischemia caused extracellular K + accumulation, depolarization of E M , an increase in whole-tissue (r t ), external (r o ), and internal (r i ) longitudinal resistances, and failure of conduction and contraction. Muscles were reperfused 10 minutes after the onset of ischemia related cell-to-cell electrical uncoupling, ie, 26±1 minutes after arrest of perfusion. In 11 muscles, incomplete reflow occurred with only partial recovery of [K + ] o and r t . In the remaining 14 muscles, reperfusion caused a rapid and parallel decrease in [K + ] o , r t , and r o . When complete tissue reperfusion occurred, cell-to-cell electrical uncoupling was largely reversible. Thus, cell-to-cell electrical uncoupling did not indicate irreversible injury. Reperfusion induced a depolarizing current widening the difference between the K + equilibrium potential and the E M . This difference decreased after longer periods of reperfusion. Conduction was restored and conduction velocity approached preischemic values as cell-to-cell electrical interaction was reestablished and E M recovered. The recovery of r o preceded r i , decreasing the ratio of the extracellular to intracellular resistance early in reperfusion, an effect predicted to influence the amplitude of the extracellular voltage field and electrocardiographic ST segments during reperfusion.
Phenomena of Retraction
Authors: John M. Budd, MaryEllen Sievert, Tom R. Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1998)

This study examined the impact of retracted articles on biomedical communication.To examine publications identified in the biomedical literature as having been retracted, to ascertain why and by whom the publications were retracted and to what extent citations of later-retracted articles continue to be incorporated in subsequent work.A search of MEDLINE from 1966 through August 1997 for articles that had been retracted.Characteristics of retractions and citations to articles after retraction.A total of 235 articles had been retracted. Error was acknowledged in relation to 91 articles; results could not be replicated in 38; misconduct was evident in 86; and no clear reason was given in 20. Of the 235 articles, 190 were retracted by some or all of the authors; 45 were retracted by a person or organization other than the author(s). The 235 retracted articles were cited 2034 times after the retraction notice. Examination of 299 of those citations reveals that in only 19 instances was the retraction noted; the remaining 280 citations treated the retracted article either explicitly (n = 17) or implicitly (n = 263) as though it were valid research.Retracted articles continue to be cited as valid work in the biomedical literature after publication of the retraction; these citations signal potential problems for biomedical science.
Prevalence of hereditary haemochromatosis in late-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study
Authors: Christina Ellervik, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Børge G Nordestgaard, Lisbeth Enggaard Larsen, Merete Appleyard, Merete Frandsen, Pia Petersen, Poul Schlichting, Torben Saermark, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Henrik Birgens
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
The epidemiology of ankylosing spondylitis and the commencement of anti-TNF therapy in daily rheumatology practice
Authors: B. V. Cruyssen, C. Ribbens, A. Boonen, H. Mielants, K. de Vlam, J. Lenaerts, S. Steinfeld, F. Van den Bosch, L. Dewulf, N. Vastesaeger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in rheumatology practice at the beginning of the anti-TNF (tumour necrosis factor) era, and to evaluate the initiation of anti-TNF therapy in a clinical setting where prescription is regulated by the authority's imposed reimbursement criteria. <b>Methods:</b> Between February 2004 and February 2005, all Belgian rheumatologists in academic and non-academic outpatient settings were invited to register all AS patients who visited their practice. A random sample of these patients was further examined by an in-depth clinical profile. In a follow-up investigation, we recorded whether patients initiated anti-TNF therapy and compared this to their eligibility at baseline evaluation. <b>Results:</b> 89 rheumatologists participated and registered 2141 patients; 1023 patients were clinically evaluated. These 847 fulfilled the New York modified criteria for definite AS and 176 for probable AS. The profile of AS in rheumatology practice is characterised by longstanding and active disease with a high frequency of extra-articular manifestations and metrological and functional impairment. At a median of 2 months after the clinical evaluation, anti-TNF therapy was initiated in 263 of 603 (44%) evaluable patients with definite AS and in 22 of 138 (16%) evaluable patients with probable AS (total 38%). More than 85% of the patients who started anti-TNF therapy had an increased Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index despite previous NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) use. <b>Conclusions:</b> Of a representative cohort of 1023 Belgian AS patients seen in daily rheumatology practice, about 40% commenced anti-TNF therapy. Decision factors to start anti-TNF therapy may include disease activity and severity.
Rate of progression of lung function impairment in 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: P. A. Dawkins, C. L. Dawkins, A. M. Wood, P. G. Nightingale, J. A. Stockley, R. A. Stockley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The aim of the present study was to identify alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT)-deficient patients who had rapidly progressive disease. PiZ patients (n = 101) underwent annual lung function measurements over a 3-yr period, and the results were related to factors that may influence decline. The mean annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) was 49.9 mL. The greatest FEV(1) decline occurred in the moderate severity group (FEV(1) 50-80% of the predicted value), with a mean annual decline of 90.1 mL, compared with 8.1 mL in the very severe group (FEV(1) <30% pred). However, annual decline in transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (K(CO)) was greatest in the severe and very severe groups. When the whole group was divided into tertiles of FEV(1) decline, the fast tertile compared with the slow tertile had more patients with bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) (73 versus 41%; p = 0.010), more males (79 versus 56%; p = 0.048) and lower body mass index (BMI) (24.0 versus 26.1; p = 0.042). Logistic regression analyses confirmed that FEV(1) decline was independently associated with BMI, BDR, exacerbation rate and high physical component 36-item short-form health survey scores. In PiZ alpha(1)-AT-deficient patients, FEV(1) decline was greatest in moderate disease, unlike K(CO) decline, which was greatest in severe disease. The FEV(1) decline showed associations with BDR, BMI, sex and exacerbation rate.
Long term persistent accumulation of CD8+ T cells in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: K. Masuko-Hongo, T. Sekine, S. Ueda, T. Kobata, K. Yamamoto, K. Nishioka, T. Kato
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To characterise the type and kinetics of T cell clones in synovial lesions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>METHODS</h3> Mononuclear cells from serial samples of synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood from nine RA patients were separated phenotypically using antibody coated magnetic beads. After mRNA preparation, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to amplify V-D(N)-J (that is, the third complementarity determining, CDR3) regions of their T cell receptor beta chain genes. This was followed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to detect the clonotypes of accumulating T cells. Amino acid sequences of the dominant clones were also determined. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Although peripheral T cells were heterogeneous, accumulation of oligoclonal T cells was detected in SF. The predominant accumulating clone was the CD8 subset, which was persistently present in serial samples obtained over almost one year of follow up. A proportion of these cells expressed CD25 or CD45RO, or both, suggesting they are 'memory' clones. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The persistent presence of CD8+ T cell clones in RA joints indicates that they may be involved in the perpetuation of the chronic inflammatory process in RA joints.
Modulation of Cell Adhesion during Induction, Histogenesis, and Perinatal Development of the Nervous System
Authors: G M Edelman
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1984)

Proprietes physicochimiques des molecules CAM (N-CAM, L-CAM, Ng-CAM) intervenant dans l'adhesion cellulaire au cours du developpement embryonnaire. Relations entre molecules CAMs, SAMs, et CJMs. Role de ces molecules dans l'induction nerveuse et la neurulation
Risk factors and successful interventions for cricket-related low back pain: a systematic review
Authors: Sarah Morton, Christian J Barton, Simon Rice, Dylan Morrissey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent in cricketers, particularly in adolescent fast bowlers. Numerous modifiable risk factors for and interventions to address LBP in cricketers have been proposed in the literature. Aim Summarise and critique studies evaluating LBP risk factors in cricketers, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent or treat such LBP. Study design Systematic literature review. Methods MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, SportDiscus and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception using key terms relating to risk factors and interventions in LBP in cricketers. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Quality Index, data were extracted to complete the effect size and OR calculations and evidence levels were established using van Tulder's criteria. Results 12 studies (6 of high quality) investigating the factors associated with LBP in cricketers and 5 low-quality studies evaluating the interventions for the treatment/prevention of LBP in cricketers were identified. Moderate evidence indicates the presence of acute MRI bone stress as a risk factor for developing lumbar stress fractures. Additionally, moderate evidence indicates increased shoulder counter rotation (associated with mixed bowling actions) and decreased anterior abdominal fascial slide may be associated with LBP in cricketers. Conclusions Screening for bone stress on MRI should be considered by clinicians managing developing cricketers to identify the risk of lumbar stress fracture development. Numerous associative factors were outlined, although causality needs establishing to further guide interventions in cricketers with LBP. Intervention studies were of insufficient quality to generate concrete conclusions and these research failings require rapid attention.
Fcγ Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Virginia Lopez-Parra, Beñat Mallavia, Oscar Lopez-Franco, Guadalupe Ortiz-Muñoz, Ainhoa Oguiza, Carlota Recio, Julia Blanco, Falk Nimmerjahn, Jesus Egido, Carmen Gomez-Guerrero
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Among patients with diabetes, increased production of immunoglobulins against proteins modified by diabetes is associated with proteinuria and cardiovascular risk, suggesting that immune mechanisms may contribute to the development of diabetes complications, such as nephropathy. We investigated the contribution of IgG Fcγ receptors to diabetic renal injury in hyperglycemic, hypercholesterolemic mice. We used streptozotocin to induce diabetes in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and in mice deficient in both apolipoprotein E and γ-chain, the common subunit of activating Fcγ receptors. After 15 weeks, the mice lacking Fcγ receptors had significantly less albuminuria and renal hypertrophy, despite similar degrees of hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, immunoglobulin production, and glomerular immune deposits. Moreover, diabetic Fcγ receptor-deficient mice had less mesangial matrix expansion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen and α-smooth muscle actin content in their kidneys. Accordingly, expression of genes involved in leukocyte infiltration, fibrosis, and oxidative stress was significantly reduced in diabetic kidneys and in mesangial cells cultured from Fcγ receptor-deficient mice. In summary, preventing the activation of Fcγ receptors alleviates renal hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis in hypercholesterolemic mice with diabetes, suggesting that modulating Fcγ receptor signaling may be renoprotective in diabetic nephropathy.
Imaging and rheumatic diseases: correlation between fingertip blood perfusion and nailfold capillary impairment in systemic sclerosis
Authors: M Cutolo, C Ferrone, C Pizzorni, F Ravera, G Zampogna, A Sulli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Microvascular involvement is a key feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Nailfold capillaroscopy is widely used to evaluate capillary morphology. As well as laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), it is a technique for measuring the peripheral microvascular perfusion.1 2 The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between fingertip blood perfusion (FBP) by LDF and different degrees of microvascular damage by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) in SSc patients.

Forty-six SSc patients (mean±SD age 65±13 years) and 16 healthy subjects …
<i>CCND1</i> and <i>MET</i> Genomic Amplification During Malignant Transformation of a Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Esma Saâda, Michel Peoc'h, Anne-Valérie Decouvelaere, Olivier Collard, Annie-Claude Peyron, Florence Pedeutour
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Accuracy of Helical Computed Tomography and [<sup>18</sup>F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for Identifying Lymph Node Mediastinal Metastases in Potentially Resectable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Francisco Pozo-Rodríguez, José L. Martín de Nicolás, María A. Sánchez-Nistal, Antonio Maldonado, Santiago García de Barajas, Rosa Calero-García, Miguel A. Pozo, Pedro Martín-Escribano, Isabel Martín-García, Ricardo García-Lujan, Angel Lopez-Encuentra, Angel Arenas de Pablo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Computed tomography (CT) and [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are considered suitable methods for the noninvasive staging of the mediastinum. Our study was intended to estimate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced helical CT (hCT) and FDG-PET, alone and combined, in the diagnosis of lymph node mediastinal metastases.This study was a prospective and blind comparison of the efficacy of hCT and FDG-PET with two alternative reference standards, mediastinoscopy, and mediastinoscopy plus thoracotomy plus a 6-month follow-up to diagnose lymph node mediastinal metastases in 132 consecutive patients with potentially resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The metastatic disease was assessed histopathologically. Further clinical information was obtained postoperatively after a median follow-up of 42 months.The prevalence of cN2,3 is 0.28. For hCT the sensitivity and specificity are 0.86 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.93) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.75), for PET 0.94 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.98) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.68), and for hCT and PET combined in-parallel 0.97 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99) and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.53), which translate into a negative predicted probability of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.00). The crude diagnostic odds ratio of PET in the total sample studied is 13.1, in the subgroup hCT+ 11.04 (3.0 to 40 0.1), and in the hCT- 3.5 (0.5 to 21.5). Similar results were obtained for hCT stratified by PET.hCT and PET perform similarly in the mediastinal staging of NSCLC, both tests are conditionally dependent and provide complementary information, and their diagnostic value mainly resides on the negative results.
Response of the mesenteric circulation to serotonin in normal and atherosclerotic monkeys: implications for the pathogenesis of non-occlusive intestinal ischaemia
Authors: J A G LOPEZ, B P BROWN, M L ARMSTRONG, D J PIEGORS, D D HEISTAD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article Response of the mesenteric circulation to serotonin in normal and atherosclerotic monkeys: implications for the pathogenesis of non-occlusive intestinal ischaemia Get access J A G LOPEZ, J A G LOPEZ **From Cardiovascular Division, VA Medical Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA Address for correspondence and reprints: J Antonio G Lopez MD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B P BROWN, B P BROWN †‡From Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M L ARMSTRONG, M L ARMSTRONG **From Cardiovascular Division, VA Medical Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D J PIEGORS, D J PIEGORS **From Cardiovascular Division, VA Medical Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D D HEISTAD D D HEISTAD **From Cardiovascular Division, VA Medical Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 2, February 1989, Pages 117–124, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.2.117 Published: 01 February 1989 Article history Accepted: 01 July 1988 Published: 01 February 1989