tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
State of the vein grafts, native coronary arteries, and myocardium and principal cause of death in patients dying after aortocoronary bypass grafting.
Authors: A G Rose
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Fifty five patients with 108 coronary bypass saphenous vein grafts were studied at necropsy. The mean duration of the grafts was 153 days (SD 516). The luminal narrowing of the native coronary arteries proximal to, at, and distal to the vein graft anastomoses and the narrowing of the non-grafted arteries were evaluated planimetrically. Twenty nine per cent of coronary arteries distal to graft anastomoses showed at least 76% narrowing and 50-75% occlusion was seen in 39% of such arteries. Fifty three per cent of non-grafted arteries showed at least 76% luminal narrowing and 26% had 50-75% narrowing. Six patients (11%) had surgically induced dissection of coronary arteries. Seventy seven vein grafts (71%) showed no appreciable luminal narrowing. Problems related to operative technique caused 30% of the deaths.
Cross infection between cystic fibrosis patients colonised with Burkholderia cepacia
Authors: M J Ledson, M J Gallagher, J E Corkill, C A Hart, M J Walshaw
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Whilst patient to patient spread of the respiratory pathogen<i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> is well recognised between patients with cystic fibrosis, prompting a strict segregation policy, cross colonisation between cystic fibrosis patients already infected with<i>B cepacia</i> has not been described and surveys show a very low incidence of patients with more than one strain. Five adult cystic fibrosis patients with <i>B cepacia</i> are presented who became cross colonised with a second<i> B cepacia </i>(UK epidemic) strain, four of whom then died, three from the cepacia syndrome. These cases show that, amongst segregated patients, cross colonisation with different <i>B cepacia</i> strains is possible, and even in these patients the acquisition of the UK epidemic strain may have a fatal outcome. In future it may be necessary to segregate cystic fibrosis patients colonised with the UK epidemic strain from all other patients with cystic fibrosis.
MiR-222 Overexpression Confers Cell Migratory Advantages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Enhancing AKT Signaling
Authors: Queenie W-L. Wong, Arthur K-K. Ching, Anthony W-H. Chan, Kwong-Wai Choy, Ka-Fai To, Paul B-S. Lai, Nathalie Wong
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to profile the expressions of 156 microRNAs (miRNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to characterize the functions of miR-222, the most significantly upregulated candidate identified. Experimental Design: miRNA expression profile in HCC tumors, matching adjacent cirrhotic livers, and cell lines was conducted using quantitative PCR. Common miR-222 upregulations were further validated in a larger cohort of tumors. The functional effects of miR-222 inhibition on HCC cell lines were examined. The downstream modulated pathways and target of miR-222 were investigated by coupling gene expression profiling and pathway analysis, and by in silico prediction, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was done to confirm target interaction. Results: We identified a 40-miRNA signature that could discriminate tumors from adjacent cirrhotic liver tissue, and further corroborated common miR-222 overexpression in tumors relative to its premalignant counterpart (55.3%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Increased miR-222 expression correlated significantly with advanced stage HCC and with the shorter disease-free survival of patients (P ≤ 0.01). Inhibition of miR-222 in Hep3B and HKCI-9 significantly retarded cell motility (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Further investigations suggested that AKT signaling was the major pathway influenced by miR-222. A consistent reduction of AKT phosphorylation in Hep3B and HKCI-9 was shown following miR-222 suppression. The protein phosphatase 2A subunit B (PPP2R2A) was predicted as a putative miR-222 target in silico. We found that miR-222 inhibition could augment the tumor protein level and restore luciferase activity in reporter construct containing the PPP2R2A 3′ untranslated region (P = 0.0066). Conclusions: Our study showed that miR-222 overexpression is common in HCC and could confer metastatic potentials in HCC cells, possibly through activating AKT signaling. Clin Cancer Res; 16(3); 867–75
A Systems Biology Approach Identifies Effective Tumor–Stroma Common Targets for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wenxia Meng, Yun Wu, Xin He, Chuanxia Liu, Qinghong Gao, Lin Ge, Lanyan Wu, Ying Liu, Yiqing Guo, Xiaoyu Li, Yurong Liu, Sixiu Chen, Xiangli Kong, Zhi Liang, Hongmei Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The complex interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding stromal microenvironment play important roles in tumor initiation and progression and represent viable targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we propose a concept of common target perturbation (CTP). CTP acts simultaneously on the same target in both the tumor and its stroma that generates a bilateral disruption for potentially improved cancer therapy. To employ this concept, we designed a systems biology strategy by combining experiment and computation to identify potential common target. Through progressive cycles of identification, TGF-β receptor III (TβRIII) is found as an epithelial-mesenchymal common target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Simultaneous perturbation of TβRIII in the oral cancerous epithelial cells and their adjacent carcinoma-associated fibroblasts effectively inhibits tumor growth in vivo, and shows superiority to the unilateral perturbation of TβRIII in either cell type alone. This study indicates the strong potential to identify therapeutic targets by considering cancer cells and their adjacent stroma simultaneously. The CTP concept combined with our common target discovery strategy provides a framework for future targeted cancer combinatorial therapies.
Evolution of the glucose dehydrogenase gene in Drosophila.
Authors: P A Krasney, C Carr, D R Cavener
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1990)

The glucose dehydrogenase genes (Gld) of Drosophila melanogaster, of D. pseudoobscura, and of D. virilis have been isolated and compared with each other in order to identify conserved and divergent aspects of their structure and expression. The exon/intron structure of Gld is conserved. The Gld mRNAs are similar, with a range of 2.6-2.8 kb among the three species. All three species exhibit peaks of Gld expression during every major developmental stage, although considerable variation in the precise timing of these peaks exists between species. Interspecific gene transfer experiments demonstrate that the regulation and function of the D. pseudoobscura Gld is similar enough to the homologous gene in D. melanogaster to substitute for its essential role in the eclosion process. Comparison of the putative promoter sequences has identified both shared and divergent sequence elements which are likely responsible, respectively, for the conserved and divergent patterns of expression observed. The entire coding sequences of the pseudoobscura and melanogaster Gld genes are presented and shown to encode a 612-amino-acid pre-protein. The inferred amino acid sequences are 92% conserved between the two species. In general the intronic regions of Gld are unusually well conserved.
Functional Role of Asparaginyl Endopeptidase Ubiquitination by TRAF6 in Tumor Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Yingying Lin, Yongming Qiu, Cheng Xu, Qiaoling Liu, Baowei Peng, Gunnar F. Kaufmann, Xi Chen, Bin Lan, Chongyang Wei, Desheng Lu, Yueshan Zhang, Yifeng Guo, Zhimin Lu, Biao Jiang, Thomas S. Edgington, Fang Guo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundAsparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) has been implicated in human cancer development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AEP regulation, including the role of pro-AEP activation, remain elusive.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Serum Levels in Pregnant Subjects With Diabetes
Authors: Matthew P. Longnecker, Mark A. Klebanoff, John W. Brock, Haibo Zhou
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants that are ubiquitous in the food chain; detectable amounts are in the blood of nearly everyone. Their effect on humans at background levels of exposure is an area of active investigation. Increased blood levels of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), a PCB-like compound, have recently been reported among subjects with diabetes, suggesting that PCB levels could be similarly elevated. To test this hypothesis, we examined a group of pregnant women whose serum PCB levels had been measured and whose diabetes status had been previously recorded. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using stored serum from a large birth cohort study, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,245 pregnant women, of whom 44 had diabetes (primarily type 1) and 2,201 were control subjects. RESULTS—The adjusted mean serum level of PCBs among the subjects with diabetes was 30% higher than in the control subjects (P = 0.0002), and the relationship of PCB level to adjusted odds of diabetes was linear. CONCLUSIONS—The possibility exists that PCBs and diabetes are causality related; alternatively, the pharmacokinetics of PCBs could be altered among patients with diabetes. At any event, if the association is replicated in other studies, increased serum levels of PCBs in subjects with diabetes or their offspring may put them at increased risk of PCB-induced changes in thyroid metabolism or neurodevelopment.
Prospective Study of Health-Related Quality of Life for Children With Brain Tumors Treated With Proton Radiotherapy
Authors: Karen A. Kuhlthau, Margaret B. Pulsifer, Beow Y. Yeap, Dianali Rivera Morales, Jennifer Delahaye, Kristen S. Hill, David Ebb, Annah N. Abrams, Shannon M. MacDonald, Nancy J. Tarbell, Torunn I. Yock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

We describe the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a cohort of children with brain tumors treated with proton radiotherapy.We recruited 142 pediatric patients with brain tumors (age 2 to 18 years) and parents of such patients treated with proton radiation at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2004 to 2010. HRQoL was assessed using the PedsQL core, brain tumor, and cancer modules (range, 0 to 100). Assessments took place during radiation and annually thereafter. We examined correlations of HRQoL with disease, treatment, and cognitive and behavioral data.Overall reports of HRQoL during treatment were 74.8 and 78.1 for child self-report (CSR) and 67.0 and 74.8 for parent proxy report (PPR) for the core and brain tumor modules, respectively. PPR demonstrated lower HRQoL scores than CSR, but the two were highly correlated. Higher HRQoL scores were significantly associated with Wechsler Full Scale Intelligence Quotient scores (administered via the age-appropriate version) and better scores on two behavioral measures. Disease type also correlated with PPR core total HRQoL score at the beginning of treatment: medulloblastoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 57.8; germ cell tumors, 63.5; ependymoma or high-grade glioma, 69.8; low-grade glioma, 71.5; and other low-grade neoplasms, 78.0 (P = .001). Craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy were negatively correlated with HRQoL.This is the first study to our knowledge of HRQoL in a cohort of children with brain tumors treated with proton radiation. This prospective study demonstrates the effect of disease type and intensity of treatment on HRQoL. It further suggests that where CSR is not possible, PPR is appropriate in most circumstances.
Treat the patient not the blood test: the implications of an increase in cardiac troponin after prolonged endurance exercise
Authors: G Whyte, N Stephens, R Senior, K George, R Shave, M Wilson, S Sharma
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Collapse after prolonged endurance exercise is common and usually benign. This case study reports a triathlete who suffered a vaso-vagal associated collapsed after exercise. Misdiagnosis of myocardial injury in the presence of elevated cardiac troponins and ECG anomalies led to inappropriate management and highlights the difficulty in treating the collapsed athlete following arduous exercise.
Slow infusion of platelets: A possible alternative in the management of refractory thrombocytopenic patients
Authors: Aida Narvios, Virgil Reddy, Fernando Martinez, Benjamin Lichtiger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

To the Editor: Imatinib mesylate has tremendously changed the clinical course of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).Higashi and co-workers reported two CML patients who had imatinib-sensitive blast crisis immediately after discontinuation of the drug due to neutropenia in a recent issue of the this journal [1].Herein we report two CML cases that developed extramedullary collection of myeloblasts during the imatinib treatment.
Achievement of Goals in U.S. Diabetes Care, 1999–2010
Authors: Mohammed K. Ali, Kai McKeever Bullard, Jinan B. Saaddine, Catherine C. Cowie, Giuseppina Imperatore, Edward W. Gregg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Tracking national progress in diabetes care may aid in the evaluation of past efforts and identify residual gaps in care.We analyzed data for adults with self-reported diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine risk-factor control, preventive practices, and risk scores for coronary heart disease over the 1999-2010 period.From 1999 through 2010, the weighted proportion of survey participants who met recommended goals for diabetes care increased, by 7.9 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 15.0) for glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin level <7.0%), 9.4 percentage points (95% CI, 3.0 to 15.8) for individualized glycemic targets, 11.7 percentage points (95% CI, 5.7 to 17.7) for blood pressure (target, <130/80 mm Hg), and 20.8 percentage points (95% CI, 11.6 to 30.0) for lipid levels (target level of low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, <100 mg per deciliter [2.6 mmol per liter]). Tobacco use did not change significantly, but the 10-year probability of coronary heart disease decreased by 2.8 to 3.7 percentage points. However, 33.4 to 48.7% of persons with diabetes still did not meet the targets for glycemic control, blood pressure, or LDL cholesterol level. Only 14.3% met the targets for all three of these measures and for tobacco use. Adherence to the recommendations for annual eye and dental examinations was unchanged, but annual lipid-level measurement and foot examination increased by 5.5 percentage points (95% CI, 1.6 to 9.4) and 6.8 percentage points (95% CI, 4.8 to 8.8), respectively. Annual vaccination for influenza and receipt of pneumococcal vaccination for participants 65 years of age or older rose by 4.5 percentage points (95% CI, 0.8 to 8.2) and 6.9 percentage points (95% CI, 3.4 to 10.4), respectively, and daily glucose monitoring increased by 12.7 percentage points (95% CI, 10.3 to 15.1).Although there were improvements in risk-factor control and adherence to preventive practices from 1999 to 2010, tobacco use remained high, and almost half of U.S. adults with diabetes did not meet the recommended goals for diabetes care.
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Immunostimulatory Dendritic Cells under Feeder-Free Culture Conditions
Authors: Zhen Su, Carole Frye, Kyung-Mi Bae, Vicky Kelley, Johannes Vieweg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

The objective of this study was to develop a scalable and broadly applicable active immunotherapy approach against cancer, circumventing the limitations typically encountered with autologous vaccination strategies. We hypothesized that human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can serve as a virtually unlimited source for generating dendritic cells (DC) with potent antigen-presenting function. Here, we investigated the developmental processes and requirements for generating large numbers of mature, antigen-presenting DC from pluripotent hESC.A feeder cell-free culture system was developed to differentiate hESC into mature DC sequentially through hematopoietic and myeloid precursor stages.Using this method, we were able to yield large numbers of mature immunostimulatory DC from hESC to enable clinical investigation. Upon activation, the hESC-derived DC secreted interleukin-12p70, migrated in response to MIP-3beta, and exhibited allostimulatory capacity. Most importantly, antigen-loaded, hESC-derived DC were capable of stimulating potent antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in an HLA class I-matched semiallogeneic assay system. Moreover, HLA class II-mismatched hESC-derived DC induced a potent Th1-type cytokine response without expanding FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in vitro.These data suggest the development of a novel active immunotherapy platform to stimulate potent T-cell immunity in patients with intractable diseases, such as cancer or viral infection.
Action of various new analgesic drugs on the human common bile duct.
Authors: D S Hopton, H B Torrance
Journal: Gut (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT There is experimental evidence from the studies of these authors that phenazocine (Narphen) might be a particularly suitable analgesic for the treatment of biliary pain.'morphine, meperidine, levorphanol, methadone, and dextromoramide injected intravenously were strongly active on the terminal bile duct, reducing flow through it'.This paper reports the effects of pressure in the human common bile duct of five new analgesic drugs administered parenterally.METHOD Investigations were made with the willing cooperation of patients after cholecystectomy and during T-tube drainage of the common bile duct.Pressure changes in the common bile duct were transmitted through a T-tube connected to a saline-filled glass U-tube manometer.Fluctuations in pressure were recorded by an ink-writing pen attached to a float.Zero reference was obtained for each investigation by adjusting the 5 cm.mark of the manometer to the level at which the T-tube entered the skin.This arbitrary reference point was chosen for its convenience in recognition and because the important measurement was of changes in common bile duct pressure rather than absolute values.The apparatus was primed with sterile normal saline at the 296 on July 12,
Long-term progression-free survival of mantle cell lymphoma after intensive front-line immunochemotherapy with in vivo–purged stem cell rescue: a nonrandomized phase 2 multicenter study by the Nordic Lymphoma Group
Authors: Christian H. Geisler, Arne Kolstad, Anna Laurell, Niels S. Andersen, Lone B. Pedersen, Mats Jerkeman, Mikael Eriksson, Marie Nordström, Eva Kimby, Anne Marie Boesen, Outi Kuittinen, Grete F. Lauritzsen, Herman Nilsson-Ehle, Elisabeth Ralfkiær, Måns Åkerman, Mats Ehinger, Christer Sundström, Ruth Langholm, Jan Delabie, Marja-Liisa Karjalainen-Lindsberg, Peter Brown, Erkki Elonen
Journal: Blood (2008)
NHS should remain funded by tax
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A coalition of the 12 leading NHS representative organisations and charities has made a public declaration calling for the preservation of an NHS funded through taxation. The bodies, which represent at least one million doctors, nurses, midwives, managers, and patients, collectively united to declare their commitment to the continuation of a “free and fair” NHS. The United Kingdom has one of the fairest health care systems in the world, they said.

Any move towards an insurance system that …
A CASE OF EMPYEMA OF THE GALL BLADDER, WITH UNUSUAL SYMPTOMS
Authors: R. A. Stoney
Journal: BMJ (1905)

tt 4 -30 -0 2 ttt ,,5 I) 25 5 2 t 6 -5 5 2 1tttt 7 -3) l0 -2 Pitt , 8 5 30 5 2 ttt ,,9 0O 25 5 -2 ttttAlthough the alcoholic extract, therefore, is haemolytic, its Injection into rabbits confers no haemolytic or haemosozic properties on the serum of animals so treated.Further other experiments showed that the haemosozic precipitate from bile did not neutralize the biliary haemo-Jysin No. 2, and the serum of an animal injected with these haemolysins had no effect on a biliary haemolytic serum.
Prediction and Prevention of Psychosis in Youth at Clinical High Risk
Authors: Jean Addington, Robert Heinssen
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2012)

Most individuals with schizophrenia retrospectively report a prodromal period characterized by increasing problems in thinking, feeling, and behaving. However, it is less clear how many individuals who display prodromal symptoms will subsequently develop a psychotic illness. Thus, a precondition for early intervention in psychosis is the accurate detection of those who may be at true risk of developing a psychotic illness. The aim of this article is to review current work addressing prediction and prevention in the prodrome to psychosis. First, we describe research efforts to develop and test operational criteria for prospectively assessing psychosis liability over time. Second, the clinical, functional, and biological features of the prodrome are presented, along with a discussion of the variables most frequently associated with psychosis onset. Next, treatment studies are reviewed. The review concludes with a framework for future early identification and treatment studies.
Changing Approaches to the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: NEIL W. SCHLUGER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Since this subject was last reviewed in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1), new diagnostic tests for tuberculosis have been approved for use in the United States, Europe, and other industrialized regions, and there has been significant clinical experience with their use. In addition, several other new diagnostic assays have been studied and may be nearing approval by the Food and Drug Administration (or similar agencies in other countries) for routine clinical use. This commentary will review the need for new diagnostic tests for tuberculosis, examine the status of currently available tests and of several promising tests in development, and discuss potential scenarios in which such diagnostic tests might be used.
The effect of lidocaine on diastolic transmembrane currents determining pacemaker depolarization in cardiac Purkinje fibers.
Authors: F M Weld, J T Bigger
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We studied the effects of lidocaine (1-5 mg/liter) on the diastolic currents of sheep Purkinje fibers by the two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique to obtain additional information on how lidocaine decreases the slope of spontaneous diastolic depolarization of mammalian Purkinje fibers. During voltage clamps we measured both the magnitude and time course of activation and deactivation of the time- and voltage-dependent potassium "pacemaker current" (iK2), and also the steady state current-voltage relationship throughout the pacemaker voltage range. At a concentration of 1 mg/liter lidocaine had no effect on the amplitude of iK2. In contrast, at 5 mg/liter, lidocaine diminished the magnitude of iK2 throughout the voltage range of pacemaker depolarization. Lidocaine (1-5 mg/liter) had no effect on either (1) the transmembrane voltage at which iK2 is half-activated, (2) the reversal voltage for iK2, or (3) the kinetics of iK2. Lidocaine (1-5 mg/liter) increased the steady state outward transmembrane current. This effect of lidocaine can be attributed to a variable contribution from both an increase in time-independent outward potassium current (iK1) and a decrease in background inward current.