tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of β2-integrins for homing and neovascularization capacity of endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Emmanouil Chavakis, Alexandra Aicher, Christopher Heeschen, Ken-ichiro Sasaki, Ralf Kaiser, Naual El Makhfi, Carmen Urbich, Thorsten Peters, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Andreas M. Zeiher, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

The mechanisms of homing of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to sites of ischemia are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ex vivo–expanded EPCs as well as murine hematopoietic Sca-1+/Lin− progenitor cells express β2-integrins, which mediate the adhesion of EPCs to endothelial cell monolayers and their chemokine-induced transendothelial migration in vitro. In a murine model of hind limb ischemia, Sca-1+/Lin− hematopoietic progenitor cells from β2-integrin–deficient mice are less capable of homing to sites of ischemia and of improving neovascularization. Preactivation of the β2-integrins expressed on EPCs by activating antibodies augments the EPC-induced neovascularization in vivo. These results provide evidence for a novel function of β2-integrins in postnatal vasculogenesis.
Serial computed tomography and lung function testing in pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis
Authors: Abdellatif Tazi, Karima Marc, Stéphane Dominique, Cédric de Bazelaire, Bruno Crestani, Thierry Chinet, Dominique Israel-Biet, Jacques Cadranel, Jacques Frija, Gwenael Lorillon, Dominique Valeyre, Sylvie Chevret
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Little is known about longitudinal lung function variation in patients with pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). The contribution of serial lung computed tomography (CT) to managing these patients has not been evaluated. This long-term retrospective study included 49 patients who were serially evaluated by lung CT and pulmonary function tests. The lung function variation was categorised as improvement or deterioration. The extent of the CT lesions was correlated with lung function. Lung function deteriorated in ∼60% of the patients. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(L,CO)) were the parameters that most frequently deteriorated. A subgroup of patients experienced a dramatic decline in FEV(1) within 2 yrs of diagnosis. Airway obstruction was the major functional pattern observed. In a multivariate analysis, % predicted FEV(1)at diagnosis was the only factor associated with the incidence of airway obstruction. The increase in cystic lesions on the lung CTs was associated with impaired lung function but did not anticipate the decline in FEV(1) or D(L,CO). Serial lung function tests are essential for following patients with pulmonary LCH, who frequently develop airway obstruction. A lung CT at diagnosis is informative, but routine sequential CTs seem less useful. A prospective study is needed to characterise those patients with early progressive disease.
THE ISOLATION OF B. PARATYPHOSUS B FROM SEWAGE
Authors: J. D. A. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1929)

I M_DICA.L JouA& wod(ls, a two-stago Qperation-is preferable to ani indwellinig cathleter.Tlie sipi-ra-pubic tube gives absoluite rest to the patientA anid hiis urinary tract, does niot irritate or infect his bladdder, anid eniables him to move about in bed anid sleep in co.1iiort.Pre-operativo drainage is necessary (1) wi-heni there is coml)lete retention or moleo tlhan 4 oz. of residutal utrinie, r THE BRiTin 143 1 MEDICAL JOURNAL medium.Any black colony oni wlhich, subculture, produced pinik growth after twenty-four hours' incubation on double-sugar MacConkey was discarded.Owing to B. protcus and B. flvorcsetr-s produced pale growths, representative pale colonies on the double-sugar medium were first oni slopes Loeffler's inspissated scerum.Two days later, ser was unliquefied, the mor phology and cultural, fermentative anid bioclhemical reactions of tlle colony wereThe brilliemt yrcn7 en?richmnc??t method introduced by Browning, (ilJl,our, a(tzd Mackic (1913 .A series of tubes of peptone water containing varyinig amoumlts of brilliant green were inoculated anid incubated foi twelve hours; subinoculation from eaclh tube oni a MacConkey plate was then made.The variability optimuim con-centr-ationi of brilliant green for the selective enrichmenlt of the enterica group necessitated the use of varying amounts of the dye.The actual amounits of brilliant green used c.cm. of peptonie water wer e: (1) 0.2 c.cin., (2) 0.3 c.cm.,c.cm., (4) 0.5 c.cm., (5) 0.6 c.cm., (6) 0.7 c.cm. of a freshly prepared 1 in 10,000 solution, and it was found that the best results were obtained from the tubes containing 0.4 c.cm. and c.cm. of the dye.
Fit for the fight? Illnesses in the Norwegian team in the Vancouver Olympic Games
Authors: Dag Vidar Hanstad, Ola Rønsen, Svein S Andersen, Kathrin Steffen, Lars Engebretsen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The development of strategies to prevent illnesses before and during Olympic Games provides a basis for improved health and Olympic results. Objective (1) To document the efficacy of a prevention programme on illness in a national Olympic team before and during the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Winter Games (OWG), (2) to compare the illness incidence in the Norwegian team with Norwegian incidence data during the Turin 2006 OWG and (3) to compare the illness incidence in the Norwegian team with illness rates of other nations in the Vancouver OWG. Methods Information on prevention measures of illnesses in the Norwegian Olympic team was based on interviews with the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) and the Chief Nutrition and Sport Psychology Officers, and on a review of CMO reports before and after the 2010 OWG. The prevalence data on illness were obtained from the daily reports on injuries and illness to the International Olympic Committee. Results The illness rate was 5.1% (five of 99 athletes) compared with 17.3% (13 out of 75 athletes) in Turin (p=0.008). A total of four athletes missed one competition during the Vancouver Games owing to illness, compared with eight in Turin. The average illness rate for all nations in the Vancouver OWG was 7.2%. Conclusions Although no definite cause-and-effect link between the implementation of preventive measures and the prevalence of illness in the 2010 OWG could be established, the reduced illness rate compared with the 2006 OWG, and the low prevalence of illnesses compared with other nations in the Vancouver OWG suggest that the preparations were effective.
Calcium and osteoprotegerin regulate IGF1R expression to inhibit vascular calcification
Authors: B. A. Di Bartolo, M. Schoppet, M. Z. Mattar, T. D. Rachner, C. M. Shanahan, M. M. Kavurma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

AimsOsteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits vascular calcification in vitro, and OPG−/− mice develop vascular calcification. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signalling has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) survival; however, the role of IGF1-receptor (IGF1R) expression in calcification is unclear. We sought to determine whether the protective effects of OPG in vascular calcification were mediated by IGF1R.
A 29-year-old male with malaise, chest pain and night sweats
Authors: R. V. Reddy, H. Mahdi, N. Watson, M. B. A. Allen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

A 29-yr-old male was seen in clinic for apparent mediastinal lymphadenopathy.While in the USA, 1 month previously, he became unwell, with night sweats, malaise, cough and pleuritic chest pain.He attended hospital, where the unusual appearance of his chest radiograph was noted.Subsequently, computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was undertaken and he was advised that he would need a mediastinoscopy.He declined the intervention and returned to the UK for continued management.No other information was available from the hospital in the USA.When reviewed in clinic, his constitutional symptoms had resolved, leaving only a complaint of ''clicking'' during inspiration.
Two unhealthy dietary habits featuring a high fat content and a sucrose-containing beverage intake, alone or in combination, on inducing metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats and C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Gou-Chun Chen, Chun-Yin Huang, Mei-Yu Chang, Chi-Hua Chen, Shiow-Wen Chen, Ching-jang Huang, Pei-Min Chao
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Graft-vs.-host-associated immune suppression is activated by recognition of allogeneic murine I-A antigens.
Authors: G M Shearer, R B Levy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Several combinations of F1 hybrid mice were injected intravenously with parental spleen cells to determine the minimal H-2 differences between F1 and parent that are necessary to induce graft-vs.-host-associated immune suppression (GVH-associated suppression). 7-14 d after injection, the spleens of the F1 mice were tested for cytotoxic T lymphocyte potential by in vitro sensitization against trinitrophenyl-self and H-2 alloantigens. The results indicate that parental T lymphocytes must recognize I-A allogeneic determinants of the F1 recipient in order to induce suppression. Recognition of K or D alone or D with I region products other than I-A did not induce suppression. The recognition of I region without K and/or D and even the I-A difference between C57BL/6 and the B6.Cbm12 mutation resulted in immune suppression that was as potent as that resulting from the recognition of K, D, and I together. The possible significance of this function for I-A antigens is discussed with respect to three clinical examples of immune suppression for which this phenomenon may be relevant.
Neuromedin U has a novel anorexigenic effect independent of the leptin signaling pathway
Authors: Reiko Hanada, Hitoshi Teranishi, James Todd Pearson, Mamoru Kurokawa, Hiroshi Hosoda, Nobuhiro Fukushima, Yoshihiko Fukue, Ryota Serino, Hiroaki Fujihara, Yoichi Ueta, Masahito Ikawa, Masaru Okabe, Noboru Murakami, Mikiyasu Shirai, Hironobu Yoshimatsu, Kenji Kangawa, Masayasu Kojima
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
In vitro and in vivo radiosensitization induced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: S.-H. Chu, S. Karri, Y.-B. Ma, D.-F. Feng, Z.-Q. Li
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Previous study showed that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HAPs) inhibited glioma growth in vitro and in vivo; and in a drug combination, they could reduce adverse reactions. We investigated the possible enhancement of radiosensitivity induced by nano-HAPs.In vitro radiosensitization of nano-HAPs was measured using a clonogenic survival assay in human glioblastoma U251 and breast tumor brain metastatic tumor MDA-MB-231BR cells. DNA damage and repair were measured using γH2AX foci, and mitotic catastrophe was determined by immunostaining. The effect of nano-HAPs on in vivo tumor radiosensitivity was investigated in a subcutaneous and an orthotopic model.Nano-HAPs enhanced each cell line's radiosensitivity when the exposure was 1 h before irradiation, and they had no significant effect on irradiation-induced apoptosis or on the activation of the G2 cell cycle checkpoint. The number of γH2AX foci per cell was significantly large at 24 h after the combination modality of nano-HAPs + irradiation compared with single treatments. Mitotic catastrophe was also significantly increased at an interval of 72 h in tumor cells receiving the combined modality compared with the individual treatments. In a subcutaneous model, nano-HAPs caused a larger than additive increase in tumor growth delay. In an orthotopic model, nano-HAPs significantly reduced tumor growth and extended the prolongation of survival induced by irradiation.These results show that nano-HAPs can enhance the radiosensitivity of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of DNA repair, resulting in an increase in mitotic catastrophe.
Comparison of spontaneous and induced sputum for investigation of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: A Bhowmik, T A R Seemungal, R J Sapsford, J L Devalia, J A Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Although sputum induction is used as a technique to investigate lower airway inflammation in asthmatic subjects, advantages over spontaneous sputum in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not been investigated.Samples of spontaneous sputum and sputum induced with 3% hypertonic saline for 14 minutes were collected from 27 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who usually produced spontaneous sputum. Spirometric indices and oxygen saturation (Sao2) were measured at seven minute intervals. The spontaneous, seven and 14 minute sputum samples were analysed for total and differential cell counts, cell viability, and interleukin 8 levels.Analysis of the sputum revealed that median cell viability was higher in the seven minute (62.8%; p = 0.004) and 14 minute (65%; p = 0.001) induced sputum samples than in spontaneous sputum (41.2%). There was no significant difference in total and differential cell counts or in interleukin 8 levels between spontaneous and induced sputum. During the sputum induction procedure the mean (SD) fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 0.098 (0.111) 1 (p < 0.001) and in forced vital capacity (FVC) was 0.247 (0.233) 1 (p < 0.001). There was a small but significant fall in Sao2 during sputum induction (p = 0.03).Induced sputum contains a higher proportion of viable cells than spontaneous sputum. There are no significant differences between the sputum samples obtained at seven minutes and at 14 minutes of hypertonic saline nebulisation. Sputum induction is safe and well tolerated in patients with COPD.
Abdominal Superficial Subcutaneous Fat
Authors: Rachel Golan, Ilan Shelef, Assaf Rudich, Yftach Gepner, Elad Shemesh, Yoash Chassidim, Ilana Harman-Boehm, Yaakov Henkin, Dan Schwarzfuchs, Sivan Ben Avraham, Shula Witkow, Idit F. Liberty, Osnat Tangi-Rosental, Benjamin Sarusi, Meir J. Stampfer, Iris Shai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Unlike visceral adipose tissue (VAT), the association between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and obesity-related morbidity is controversial. In patients with type 2 diabetes, we assessed whether this variability can be explained by a putative favorable, distinct association between abdominal superficial SAT (SSAT) (absolute amount or its proportion) and cardiometabolic parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 73 patients with diabetes (mean age 58 years, 83% were men) and cross-sectionally analyzed fat distribution at S1-L5, L5-L4, and L3-L2 levels. Patients completed food frequency questionnaires, and subgroups had 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography. RESULTS Women had higher %SSAT (37 vs. 23% in men; P &amp;lt; 0.001) despite a similar mean waist circumference. Fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.046) and HbA1c (P = 0.006) were both lower with increased tertile of absolute SSAT. In regression models adjusted for age, waist circumference, and classes of medical treatments used in this patient population, increased %SSAT was significantly associated with decreased HbA1c (β = −0.317; P = 0.013), decreased daytime ambulatory blood pressure (β = −0.426; P = 0.008), and increased HDL cholesterol (β = 0.257; P = 0.042). In contrast, increased percent of deep SAT (DSAT) was associated with increased HbA1c (β = 0.266; P = 0.040) and poorer heart rate variability parameters (P = 0.030). Although total fat and energy intake were not correlated with fat tissue distribution, increased intake of trans fat tended to be associated with total SAT (r = 0.228; P = 0.05) and DSAT (r = 0.20; P = 0.093), but not with SSAT. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal SAT is composed of two subdepots that associate differently with cardiometabolic parameters. Higher absolute and relative distribution of fat in abdominal SSAT may signify beneficial cardiometabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Core skin DC signatures control immune tolerance to skin cancer and limit anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Christopher Nirschl, Yong Liu, Kavita Sarin, Mayte Suarez-Farinas, David Chau, Peter Sage, Arlene Sharpe, Niroshana Anandasabapathy
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Dendritic cells (DC) are gatekeepers of immunity, critical to both an initiate immune response upon infection and promote tolerance to self-antigens. We have just established that DC subsets in the skin that constitutively migrate into LNs can individually and collectively temper
Antitumor Efficacy of Capecitabine and Celecoxib in Irradiated and Lead-Shielded, Contralateral Human BxPC-3 Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts: Clinical Implications of Abscopal Effects
Authors: Carmelo Blanquicett, M. Wasif Saif, Donald J. Buchsbaum, Mohamad Eloubeidi, Selwyn M. Vickers, David C. Chhieng, Mark D. Carpenter, Jeffrey C. Sellers, Suzanne Russo, Robert B. Diasio, Martin R. Johnson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: X-ray therapy (XRT) remains one of the major modalities used to treat patients diagnosed with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, the effect of XRT on metastatic tumors outside the field of irradiation (abscopal effect) remains largely unknown. In the current study, we examined the effect of XRT alone and in combination with capecitabine and/or celecoxib in both irradiated and lead-shielded contralateral BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer xenografts. This chemoradiation regimen was chosen based on our molecular analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Experimental Design: Athymic mice were injected bilaterally with BxPC-3 cells and treatment was initiated 28 days postimplant. During XRT (2 Gy for 5 consecutive days, administered on days 0 and 24), one flank was irradiated whereas the rest of the body (including the contralateral tumor) was lead shielded. Capecitabine (350 mg/kg) was administered on days 0 to 13 and 24 to 37. Celecoxib was initiated in the diet at 100 ppm (equivalent to 20 mg/kg/d p.o.) and administered throughout the study. Results: In irradiated xenografts, capecitabine and XRT showed synergistic anitiumor efficacy (P = 0.008), which was further improved with the addition of celecoxib (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In contralateral shielded xenografts, abscopal effects were observed. Whereas monotherapy with XRT showed significant reduction in tumor area in irradiated xenografts, growth was promoted by 23% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in contralateral lead-shielded tumors in the same animals relative to untreated tumors. Interestingly, synergistic antiproliferative efficacy occurred in these contralateral tumors when capecitabine was administered (P &amp;lt; 0.001), despite being outside the irradiated field. The addition of celecoxib further inhibited tumor growth (P &amp;lt; 0.001). This trimodal combination most effectively stabilized disease in both shielded and irradiated tumors; however, tumor eradication was not observed. There were no significant changes in thymidine phosphorylase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, or cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA levels in irradiated or lead-shielded tumors, suggesting that efficacy cannot be predicted solely from these previously identified indicators of response. Immunohistochemistry examining the proliferation marker Ki-67 showed concordance with tumor response in both irradiated and contralateral shielded xenografts. Conclusions: These results have implications in the rational design of treatment paradigms for pancreatic cancer where metastatic disease remains the primary cause of patient morbidity and abscopal effects in tumors outside the field of irradiation may affect tumor response.
Neglected Disease Research and Development: How Much Are We Really Spending?
Authors: Mary Moran, Javier Guzman, Anne-Laure Ropars, Alina McDonald, Nicole Jameson, Brenda Omune, Sam Ryan, Lindsey Wu
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

he need for new pharmaceutical tools to prevent and treat neglected diseases is widely accepted [1].The creation of a vaccine for HIV/AIDS, more effective diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB), and better treatments for leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness would greatly improve health in the developing world in line with the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.However, funders wishing to invest in this vitally important area currently face an information gap.There is little consensus on what constitutes a neglected disease or what new products are required [2].Health research funding figures have been published by the Council on Health Research for Development and the Global Forum for Health Research [3,4], but these do not disaggregate product-related research and development (R&D) or neglected disease investments.Specific R&D investment data are available for some neglected diseases-including annual surveys of HIV/AIDS and TB funding since 2000 and 2005, respectively [5,6], and a one-off survey of malaria R&D funding published in 2005 [7]-but these cannot readily be compared since each survey uses different methodologies and covers different diseases, products, donors, and countries.For most neglected diseases, there is simply no information.In order to address these information deficits, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation commissioned the George Institute for International Health to conduct five sequential annual surveys of global investment into R&D of new pharmaceutical products to prevent, manage, or cure diseases of the developing world.This article summarises key data from the first G-FINDER report (http://www.thegeorgeinstitute.org/prpppubs).
AIDS and the lung in a changing world
Authors: C MAYAUD
Journal: Thorax (2001)

At the beginning of the AIDS epidemic it was clear that the lung of HIV infected patients was the major target for many infections and tumours.1 2 However, during the first decade of the disease it was shown that the occurrence of several infections might be prevented by the use of prophylaxis, which has a direct but temporary effect,3 and more recently the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to have an indirect (immune restoration) but long lasting effect.4-7 Thus, in a changing world, today we have three different situations.

Unfortunately, this situation applies to the great majority of HIV infected patients in developing countries and, in developed countries, to those without knowledge of their HIV seropositivity or without appropriate follow up.

In this situation the natural history of HIV associated lung disorders is obviously the same as it was at the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. The range of pathogens possibly responsible for respiratory diseases is very wide with a high frequency of acute bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and tuberculosis.1 8 Similarly, the variety of non-infectious causes of respiratory disease is also very broad2 with Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and, to a lesser degree, lymphoma, emphysema,9and primary pulmonary hypertension10. In contrast, a link between HIV infection and lung cancer,11 pulmonary embolism, or bronchial hyperreactivity still remains questionable. New clinical entities such as cytomegalovirus induced alveolar haemorrhage,12 primary pulmonary lymphoma,13and rapidly worsening airway obstruction associated with bronchiectasis14 have recently been reported in HIV infected patients.

The incidence and prevalence of each of these respiratory disorders are strongly related to two factors. The first is the level of immunosuppression—the relative risks for bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, PCP, or fungal infections …