tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical Teaching in the Development of Clinical Competence
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Being an Essay on the Importance, Opportunity, Urgency and Occasionally Inadequacy of the Undergraduate Surgical Curriculum, Written Particularly for the Perusal of Highly Placed Persons in the Offices of Deans, Department of Internal Medicine, and Committees Established for the Rearrangement of the Curriculum as well as for Certain Others who rarely come to the Operating Room while Awake.
Individualised oxygen delivery targeted haemodynamic therapy in high-risk surgical patients: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, mechanistic trial
Authors: Gareth L Ackland, Sadaf Iqbal, Laura Gallego Paredes, Andrew Toner, Craig Lyness, Nicholas Jenkins, Phoebe Bodger, Shamir Karmali, John Whittle, Anna Reyes, Mervyn Singer, Mark Hamilton, Maurizio Cecconi, Rupert M Pearse, Susan V Mallett, Rumana Z Omar
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2014)
Decreased CD10 Expression Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Relapse in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS).
Authors: J. Toussaint, V. Durbecq, B. Haibe-Kains, S. Altintas, G. Rouas, W. Tjalma, D. Larsimont, M. Piccart, C. Sotiriou
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) is the most widely used tool to predict local recurrence and guide therapy for DCIS. Nevertheless, many patients are still over-treated. Pre-clinical evidence indicates myo-epithelial cell (MEC) death in DCIS is a pre-requisite to tumor invasion. In this study we hypothesized that loss of CD10, (a marker of MECs), would be a surrogate for basement membrane disruption and tumor invasion. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the prognostic value of CD10 in pure DCIS.Methods: CD10 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and immuno-histochemistry (IHC) using FFPE tissues on normal samples (N=11) and two independent pure DCIS populations: a training set (N=66) and a validation set (N=88).Results: MECs were the only cells that showed CD10 staining using IHC in normal and DCIS samples. All normal breast tissue samples demonstrated high expression levels of CD10 using both IHC and RT-PCR. In contrast, DCIS samples showed a wide range of CD10 expression levels: 1/3 of DCIS expressed high CD10 levels similar to those observed in normal breast tissue (high expression), whereas 2/3 expressed CD10 at a level below normal breast tissue (low expression). DCIS tumors with low CD10 mRNA levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of local relapse (HR= 2.49; [95%CI: 1.13-5.49], p=0.02). These results were validated in an independent dataset (HR= 1.805 [95%CI: 1.11-2.92], p=0.016). Of interest, no local relapses were observed in the high CD10 expression DCIS group. In multivariate analysis, CD10 expression by qRT-PCR was significantly associated with relapse (HR= 2.25, [95%CI: 1.24-4.09], p=0.008) in addition to VNPI score (HR: 2.03; [95%CI: 1.23-3.35], p=0.006).Conclusion: Decreased expression of CD10 in DCIS is associated with a higher risk of local relapse. These promising results are currently being validated in a larger patient series. Assessment of CD10 in addition to VPNI may lead to improved treatment tailoring for women with DCIS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2112.
EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS STUDIES OF THE BINDING OF THYROXINE BY HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN*
Authors: Kenneth Sterling, Philip Rosen, Milton Tabachnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

In previous work from this laboratory (1) studies on equilibrium dialysis were carried out to determine the binding constants for the inter- action of human serum albumin with thyroxine and its analogs.The classical technique of equi- librium dialysis as described by Scatchard and others (2-6) was employed.At present it seems clear that thyroxine in hu- man serum migrates to at least three different sites during electrophoresis at pH 8.6 (7-10).The three sites most frequently reported have been the thyroxine-binding a-globulin (TBG), albumin,
Epitopes for CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c antigens are differentially mapped on Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and basement membrane zone in human skin
Authors: Masutaka Furue, Margit Nindl, Katsura Kawabe, Koichiro Nakamura, Yasumasa Ishibashi, Kimitaka Sagawa
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)
Poor medical facilities in Afghanistan mean patients turn to hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: A. Yusufzai
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Afghans are still crossing into neighbouring Pakistan to seek basic medical services despite the fall of the Taliban government three years ago and subsequent international pledges to restore the war ravaged country.

“The hospitals in Afghanistan are rudimentary. They are understaffed, there are not enough drugs, and they lack specialist facilities,” said Mamoon Mahmood, a medical doctor in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Afghanistan’s healthcare services barely exist. An estimated 70% of medical programmes in the country have been implemented by aid organisations. The state’s health infrastructure could no longer function without them.

Even Afghanistan’s largest hospitals lack the most basic equipment. High tech equipment is not available, and cleanliness is a luxury …
Treatment Decision Making in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Should Surgeons Match Patients' Desired Level of Involvement?
Authors: N. L. Keating
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To describe desired and actual roles in treatment decision making among patients with early-stage breast cancer, identify how often patients’ actual roles matched their desired roles, and examine whether matching of actual and desired roles was associated with type of treatment received and satisfaction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We surveyed 1,081 women (response, 70%) diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in Massachusetts or Minnesota about their desired and actual roles in treatment decision making with their surgeon and used logistic regression to assess whether matching of actual to desired roles was associated with type of surgery and satisfaction. RESULTS: Most patients (64%) desired a collaborative role in decision making, but only 33% reported actually having such a collaborative role when they discussed treatments with their surgeons. Overall, 49% of women reported an actual role that matched the desired role they reported, 25% had a less active role than desired, and 26% had a more activ...
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome type 1: clinical and pathological correlations of a case
Authors: D. J. Cowley, I. W. Dymock, B. E. Boyes, R. Y. Wilson, B. H. Stagg, M. R. Lewin, J. M. Polak, A. G. E. Pearse
Journal: Gut (1973)

Some patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome appear to have hypergastrinaemia and hyperplasia of the antral G cells but no tumour. This subgroup has been classified as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome type 1. We have treated such a patient by vagotomy and antrectomy, the fasting plasma gastrin and acid secretion subsequently returning to normal.A 17-year-old male had a four-year history of duodenal ulcer. Gastric secretion tests showed acid hypersecretion. Fasting plasma gastrin was 8350 pg/ml (normal 50-170 pg/ml). At laparotomy duodenal ulceration was confirmed but no pancreatic or other tumours were found. Truncal vagotomy and antrectomy was performed with distal pancreatectomy. Immunofluorescent staining showed hyperplasia of G cells in the resected antrum but a normal pancreas and duodenum. Six months after operation he was symptom free and acid secretion was reduced by 92%. The fasting plasma gastrin at two months was <50 pg/ml. These findings suggest that type 1 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may be a clinical entity.
Glucokinase Gene Islet Promoter Region Variant (G→A) at Nucleotide −30 Is Not Associated With Reduced Insulin Secretion in Finns
Authors: Johanna Rissanen, Laura Saarinen, Sami Heikkinen, Päivi Kekäläinen, Leena Mykkänen, Johanna Kuusisto, Samir S Deeb, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of the islet promoter region variant (G→A) at nucleotide −30 of the glucokinase (GCK) gene on insulin levels in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included 294 subjects with NGT, 83 subjects with IGT, and 36 subjects with NIDDM. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed in all subjects, and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were performed in subjects with NGT. The islet promoter region of the GCK gene was amplified with polymerase chain reaction and screened for the variant (−30) using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. RESULTS The islet promoter variant (−30) of the GCK gene was found in 17% of subjects with NGT, 23% of subjects with IGT, and 14% of patients with NIDDM (NS between the groups). Fasting, 1-h, and 2-h insulin levels, measured by OGTT, did not differ between subjects with and without this variant in any of the three groups. Furthermore, first-phase insulin secretion, determined by an IVGTT in subjects with NGT, did not associate with presence of the islet promoter region variant (−30) of the GCK gene. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the variant (−30) of the islet promoter region of the GCK gene does not have a significant effect on insulin secretion in Finnish subjects with NGT, IGT, or NIDDM.
Abstract 1839: Long non-coding RNA SS-001 regulates proliferation, cell cycle, and migration in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells.
Authors: Jee Hoon Song, Stephen J. Meltzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in Western countries, but its underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. Recently, the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has added a new layer of complexity to the molecular architecture, identifying these molecules as emerging key regulators of diverse biological pathways. Increasing evidence shows that lncRNA dysregulation can lead to diseases such as cancer, but their potential involvement in EAC is not yet well-understood. In this study, we identified a set of lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in esophageal cancers vs. normal tissues by massively parallel RNA sequencing. Expression levels were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. One lncRNA, designated SS-001, was significantly overexpressed and hypomethylated in EAC cell lines and tissues vs. normal esophageal epithelial cells and adjacent non-tumor tissues, respectively. SS-001 is an intergenic lncRNA located on chromosome 21. In vitro assays in EAC cell lines demonstrated that knockdown of SS-001 resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and migration. Moreover, patients with high SS-001 expression levels had a relatively poor prognosis. Our findings suggest that SS-001 may play a significant role in the development or progression of EAC and has the potential to serve as a prognostic biomarker. Citation Format: Jee Hoon Song, Stephen J. Meltzer. Long non-coding RNA SS-001 regulates proliferation, cell cycle, and migration in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1839. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1839
Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral sciences
Authors: David Sloan Wilson, Elliott Sober
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1994)

Abstract In both biology and the human sciences, social groups are sometimes treated as adaptive units whose organization cannot be reduced to individual interactions. This group-level view is opposed by a more individualistic one that treats social organization as a byproduct of self-interest. According to biologists, group-level adaptations can evolve only by a process of natural selection at the group level. Most biologists rejected group selection as an important evolutionary force during the 1960s and 1970s but a positive literature began to grow during the 1970s and is rapidly expanding today. We review this recent literature and its implications for human evolutionary biology. We show that the rejection of group selection was based on a misplaced emphasis on genes as “replicators” which is in fact irrelevant to the question of whether groups can be like individuals in their functional organization. The fundamental question is whether social groups and other higher-level entities can be “vehicles” of selection. When this elementary fact is recognized, group selection emerges as an important force in nature and what seem to be competing theories, such as kin selection and reciprocity, reappear as special cases of group selection. The result is a unified theory of natural selection that operates on a nested hierarchy of units. The vehicle-based theory makes it clear that group selection is an important force to consider in human evolution. Humans can facultatively span the full range from self-interested individuals to “organs” of group-level “organisms.” Human behavior not only reflects the balance between levels of selection but it can also alter the balance through the construction of social structures that have the effect of reducing fitness differences within groups, concentrating natural selection (and functional organization) at the group level. These social structures and the cognitive abilities that produce them allow group selection to be important even among large groups of unrelated individuals.
FDA warns about heartburn drug
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has strengthened its warning about cisapride, a drug for heartburn, after 38 deaths were reported in people taking the drug.

Cisapride was approved by the administration in 1993 for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and has become a popular prescription for night-time heartburn. It works by increasing the tone of …
Diabetes and the Brain
Authors: John A. Colwell
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vernakalant Hydrochloride for Rapid Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Denis Roy, Craig M. Pratt, Christian Torp-Pedersen, D. George Wyse, Egon Toft, Steen Juul-Moller, Tonny Nielsen, S. Lind Rasmussen, Ian G. Stiell, Benoit Coutu, John H. Ip, Edward L.C. Pritchett, A. John Camm
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The present study assessed the efficacy and safety of vernakalant hydrochloride (RSD1235), a novel compound, for the conversion of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results— Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive vernakalant or placebo and were stratified by AF duration of 3 hours to 7 days (short duration) and 8 to 45 days (long duration). A first infusion of placebo or vernakalant (3 mg/kg) was given for 10 minutes, followed by a second infusion of placebo or vernakalant (2 mg/kg) 15 minutes later if AF was not terminated. The primary end point was conversion of AF to sinus rhythm for at least 1 minute within 90 minutes of the start of drug infusion in the short-duration AF group. A total of 336 patients were randomized and received treatment (short duration, n=220; long duration, n=116). Of the 145 vernakalant patients, 75 (51.7%) in the short-duration AF group converted to sinus rhythm (median time, 11 minutes) compared with 3 of the 75 placebo patients (4.0%; P &lt;0.001). Overall, in the short- and long-duration AF groups, 83 of the 221 vernakalant patients (37.6%) experienced termination of AF compared with 3 of the 115 placebo patients (2.6%; P &lt;0.001). Transient dysgeusia and sneezing were the most common side effects in vernakalant-treated patients. Four vernakalant-related serious adverse events (hypotension [2 events], complete atrioventricular block, and cardiogenic shock) occurred in 3 patients. Conclusion— Vernakalant demonstrated rapid conversion of short-duration AF and was well tolerated.
Pharmacist Scope of Practice
Authors: Jake Nichols
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters19 February 2002Pharmacist Scope of PracticeJake Nichols, PharmDJake Nichols, PharmDWalgreens Patient Care CenterChelsea, MA 02150Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-4-200202190-w2 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The position paper on pharmacist scope of practice (1) represents a triumph that pharmacists as a profession have been striving toward for some time. One of the largest obstacles we have been attempting to overcome is lack of understanding about the training pharmacists receive, as well as their capabilities. Pharmacists are now graduating from 6-year programs with doctor of pharmacy degrees, and they all share a desire to provide pharmaceutical care. The position paper supports our vision of how such care should be provided. Throughout the United States, retail pharmacies and hospitals are acknowledging the desire as ...Reference1. American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine. Pharmacist scope of practice. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:79-85. [PMID: 11777367] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Walgreens Patient Care CenterChelsea, MA 02150 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPharmacist Scope of Practice Metrics Cited byImpact of Pharmacist–Psychiatrist Collaborative Patient Education on Medication Adherence and Quality of Life (QOL) of Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) PatientsTwo approaches to vocational education and training. A view from pharmacy educationPharmacist Compensation for Cognitive Services: Focus on the Physician Office and Community Pharmacy 19 February 2002Volume 136, Issue 4Page: W2KeywordsHealth care providersPharmacistsVision ePublished: 19 February 2002 Issue Published: 19 February 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Moving on from Shipman
Authors: Vikram Tanna
Journal: BMJ (2005)

O ur profession needs to face head on the issues raised in the report of the Shipman inquiry. The main charges against the profession are structural and cultural. The structural and systematic loopholes that allowed Shipman, Ledward, and others to go undetected for years are being addressed by the chief medical officer's review of the General Medical Council and its proposals for revalidation of doctors. What about the “medical culture” that allowed these events to occur? What about the charge of collusion, the charge of a doctors' “club” looking after doctors? What about the culture that frowns on a doctor who questions colleagues or superiors about their practice? How do we change the culture of a profession? I think large parts of our profession are still in a state of denial.

> We get frustrated when some doctors talk as though nothing needs to change much 

I worked in the same area as Harold Shipman. The doctors in …
909-23 Increased Plaque Burden Affects Procedural Outcomes in Total Occlusions: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study
Authors: Gary S. Mintz, Jeffrey J. Popma, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Jack A. Painter, Jennifer Griffin, Angela Roth, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Painful Prescription: Rationing Hospital Care
Authors: Harold S. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This rather brief comparison of the British and US health care systems is a timely and important contribution to the current policy debate in the United States. It is a well-known fact that the British spend a substantially smaller share of their gross national income on medical care. There is also the belief, widely held among both practitioners and the public in the United States, that the lower costs in Britain are achieved by a simple rationing, with long queues, poor quality, and bureaucratic rigidity. Aaron and Schwartz seek to show how the practice of medicine really differs in the two countries, with a special emphasis on the use of various types of medical technology.  The most valuable part of the book is a discussion of specific technologies, including dialysis and kidney transplantation, hemophilia, cancer therapies, bone marrow transplantation, total parenteral nutrition, hip replacement, coronary artery surgery, computed tomographic scanners,
Restore the US Lead in Biomedical Research
Authors: Victor J. Dzau, Harvey V. Fineberg
Journal: JAMA (2015)

The US position as a global leader in biomedical research is being undermined. As compiled and presented in this issue of JAMA by Moses et al, one indicator after another demonstrates numerous other countries outpacing the United States in their commitment to research. US medical research spending increased 6% per year from 1994 to 2004 but only 0.8% per year between 2004 and 2012. The United States’ share of total global investment declined by approximately 13% from 2004 to 2012 while the share of Asian economies increased by 7%. Patent output reflects these declines—the United States’ global share of research patents designated as most valuable declined from 73% in 1981 to 59% in 2011.1
Distribution of Heart Potentials on the Thoracic Surface of Normal Human Subjects
Authors: BRUNO TACCARDI
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The distribution of isopotential lines on the thoracic surface of 15 normal subjects aged 15 to 43 was determined at 10 to 20 instants of time during ventricular activation. At the beginning of the QRS interval a precordial maximum and a dorsal minimum of potential can be observed. Thereafter, the minimum migrates toward the right shoulder and appears then anteriorly in the right subclavicular fossa, while another minimum appears near the mid-sternal line. The two minima finally merge together, and the potential distribution becomes dipolar once again. During the last third of the QRS interval the maximum of potential moves toward the left axillary and dorsal region, while a new maximum appears near the upper end of the sternum. A tentative correlation between surface and intracardiac electrical events can be established on the basis of the most generally accepted descriptions of ventricular activation processes. During some phases of ventricular activation, the potential distribution on the surface of the body is of the dipolar type, and there are no measurable local components; during other phases of ventricular depolarization, however, proximity potentials do appear on the thoracic surface, yielding information about local activation waves. When the ventricular activation is altered, the location and time course of local and dipolar potentials show important modifications.