tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Studies Conducted in a Vertical Laminar Airflow Surgery
Authors: Joseph J. McDade
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Quantitative and qualitative microbiological studies were conducted in a vertical laminar airflow surgery and in a conventional surgical theater. Samples were collected at floor levels within each surgery and also at the wound. Microorganisms recovered from the floor site were gram-positive cocci and gram-positive nonsporeforming rods, with considerably fewer numbers of gram-negative rods, Bacillus species, and molds. The predominant species recovered at the wound site were gram-postive cocci and gram-positive nonsporeforming rods. The level of airborne viable particles was higher in the conventional surgery than in the laminar airflow surgery, both within the room and at the incision. The same types and percentages of microorganisms found in samples collected at the floor level were found at the wound site in the conventional surgery.
PAIN REFERRED TO THE EAR
Authors: E. Watson-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1933)

ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA TMtEDBRilrJUnA many small subpleural haemorrhages.The other organs were normal.Microscopically the appearances were characteristic of encephalitis lethargica.The sections of the mid-brain, pons, and medulla showed the following features: great con- gestion of all the vessels with infiltration of the perivascular spaces, which were also dilated.This perivascular cuffing wvas most marked in the sections from the pons and medulla.Haemorrhages were seen in various parts, a very large one being present near the lamina terminalis.The ganglion cells in the brain stem showed all degrees of degeneration-some of it pigmentary-and loss of nuclear staining. COMMENTARYThree cases of encephalitis lethargica, proved at post- mortem, are described.In all of them there was a pro- dromal period lasting from one to two weeks, consisting of malaise, headache, lethargy, and constipation.The first case pursued the characteristic course of a sub- acute disease, with its maximal incidence on the mid- brain, spreading thence upwards to the hypothalamic region and basal ganglia, and downwards to the pons and medulla oblongata.Cases II and III were similar to one another in type.Both were remarkable for the fulminating course of the disease once the prodromal period was passed, the acute stage lasting only four days or so.Both showed a com- plete mental obliteration, and both terminated similarly with a hyperpyrexia.
GUDMAP
Authors: Andrew P. McMahon, Bruce J. Aronow, Duncan R. Davidson, Jamie A. Davies, Kevin W. Gaido, Sean Grimmond, James L. Lessard, Melissa H. Little, S. Steven Potter, Elizabeth L. Wilder, Pumin Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

In late 2004, an International Consortium of research groups were charged with the task of producing a high-quality molecular anatomy of the developing mammalian urogenital tract (UGT). Given the importance of these organ systems for human health and reproduction, the need for a systematic molecular and cellular description of their developmental programs was deemed a high priority. The information obtained through this initiative is anticipated to enable the highest level of basic and clinical research grounded on a 21st-century view of the developing anatomy. There are three components to the Genitourinary Developmental Molecular Anatomy Project GUDMAP; all of these are intended to provide resources that support research on the kidney and UGT. The first provides ontology of the cell types during UGT development and the molecular hallmarks of those cells as discerned by a variety of procedures, including in situ hybridization, transcriptional profiling, and immunostaining. The second generates novel mouse strains. In these strains, cell types of particular interest within an organ are labeled through the introduction of a specific marker into the context of a gene that exhibits appropriate cell type or structure-specific expression. In addition, the targeting construct enables genetic manipulation within the cell of interest in many of the strains. Finally, the information is annotated, collated, and promptly released at regular intervals, before publication, through a database that is accessed through a Web portal. Presented here is a brief overview of the Genitourinary Developmental Molecular Anatomy Project effort.
Mammalian Cells for Carcinogen Identification
Authors: Charles H. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Chemicals have been implicated as human carcinogens for more than 200 years.<sup>1</sup>A large number of chemicals of diverse structures have now been shown to be carcinogenic in animals. Although the etiology of human neoplasia, with rare exceptions, is unknown, it has been estimated that 50% to 90% of cancer in man is caused by exposure to chemicals.<sup>2</sup>Identification of agents as human carcinogens is difficult due in part to the long latent period in man.<sup>3</sup>Until recently, long-term experiments in animals provided the only means for detecting the potential of chemicals to produce tumors. The bioassay of compounds by routine in vivo testing is an insurmountable task when one considers the rate at which chemicals are being added to the environment. The need for more rapid bioassay is apparent, and the development of tissue culture techniques for the study of mammalian cells in culture has created
Provision of syringes: the cutting edge of harm reduction in prison?
Authors: J Nelles, A Fuhrer, H. Hirsbrunner, T. Harding
Journal: BMJ (1998)

When, in the summer of 1994, a pilot project on prevention of drug use and transmission of HIV was launched in Hindelbank, a Swiss prison for women, not many outsiders paid attention to it. Yet only a few months later, the prison director received repeated calls from television stations, newspapers, and drug experts asking how the project was developing. We describe how this high level of public interest in a small prison (around 85 inmates, 100 entries and releases per year) came about.

### Summary points

The installation of six automatic dispensers for exchange of syringes attracted special attention. The dispensers are freely accessible but hidden from general view in different wings of the prison (fig 1). Clean injection equipment is dispensed only in exchange for another (used) syringe. The first exchange is by means of a dummy syringe that is given to all inmates when they enter the prison.

To distribute equipment for illegal drug use in the framework of a penitentiary—and to provide inmates, many of whom have been sentenced for drug related crimes, with syringes—seemed paradoxical to many people. Fears abounded that inmates could misuse contaminated syringes as weapons against the prison's staff or that improper disposal of injection equipment would provoke injuries and thus cause infections with bloodborne viruses. There …
Selective and time related activation of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system after experimental heart failure: relation to ventricular function and morphology
Authors: Y. M Pinto, B. G J L de Smet, W. H van Gilst, E. Scholtens, S. Monnink, P. A de Graeff, H. Wesseling
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The cardiac renin-angiotensin system is activated in experimental heart failure, but it is unknown at what stage of heart failure it becomes activated, and whether activation is related to ventricular dysfunction and dilatation. Changes in activity of cardiac, renal, and plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were therefore examined at different stages of experimental heart failure, with simultaneous measurements of left ventricular pressure, systolic dP/dt, and inner ventricular radius. Methods: Heart failure was induced by experimental infarction in 17 normotensive male Wistar rats; 14 rats were sham operated. Rats were killed 3, 5, or 80 d after infarction. In an isolated heart perfusion, left ventricular pressure and systolic dP/dT were measured. ACE activity was determined in samples of the left and right cardiac ventricle, kidney, and plasma. Radius of the ventricular cavity was planimetrically determined in transverse sections of the left ventricle. Results: At the different stages both left ventricular pressure and systolic dP/dT progressively decreased and inner radius of the left ventricle increased in all heart failure groups. ACE activity in the left ventricle increased significantly in all heart failure groups and correlated inversely with left ventricular pressure (R=−0.81; p < 0.001) and dP/dt (R=−0.85; p < 0.001). ACE activity in the kidney was only increased 80 d after the induction of heart failure [17(SEM 1) v 11.2(0.5) nM His-Leu generated per min·mg−1, p < 0.01], while plasma ACE activity was not increased in any heart failure group. Conclusions: Cardiac ACE is activated in the early stage after induction of heart failure and is related to the amount of dysfunction. ACE in the kidney is activated only in the chronic stage. The cardiac renin-angiotensin system therefore already appears to be an important neurohumoral adjustment in the early stage of heart failure and is thereby a suitable target for early intervention by ACE inhibitors. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1933-1938
A Couple With Infertility, 1 Year Later
Authors: Jennifer Daley
Journal: JAMA (1996)

At the obstetrics and gynecology grand rounds held approximately 1 year ago, Dr John Collins discussed the evaluation and management of a couple with unexplained infertility.<sup>1</sup>Dr Collins outlined current assisted reproduction techniques, including intrauterine insemination (IUI), transfer of gametes into the fallopian tube (GIFT), and in vitro fertilization (IVF), with transfer of an embryo into the uterus. We asked the patient, Mrs B, and her doctor, Dr T, to comment on the year that has passed. <h3>Mrs B</h3> : We're about to start our first cycle of IVF. Our care has been transferred to another center, so Dr T is no longer our doctor. This will be our fifth doctor since starting this process, and I am frustrated by that. I am looking forward to starting IVF, but I think I have realistic expectations and am less hopeful than I felt with IUI. My husband is more upbeat, but
Contributions to the History of Medicine
Authors: A. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1868)

June 6, i868. ducts, with their columnar epithelium unchanged, multiplied IOO di- ameters.The lower figure represents a part of the new growth shewing a mass of cells and nuclei of elongated form, constituting a cord-like body, like those seen under the skin, multiplied IOOO diameters; and a
PROMPT ATTENTION TO EARACHES IN INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD.
Authors: LOUIS J. LAUTENBACH
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Children are not only more sensitive to abnormal impressions from without, but are more responsive to curative influences within, whether natural or artificial. As a general rule, it may be considered that they are more quickly affected by disease and influenced by treatment, inversely as their age. In adults the power of resistance is great, but when the limit of normal poise is once overcome, disease lasts a comparatively long time and convalescence is slow, whereas in children, we know how suddenly an illness reaches the danger point, and after a comparatively short run, is better. This rapid recuperative power of the child is not always an unmitigated blessing, as it is often presumed upon, and from too great a reliance on nature, diseased conditions are overlooked, and the convalescent disposition is undermined and sometimes physical structures taxed beyond power of restoration. The result of this sort of unintentional neglect,
A Clinical Profile of Idiopathic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: ROBERT H. PETER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Thirty patients felt to represent a "pure" group with idiopathic atrial fibrillation were observed. The onset of the arrhythmia often occurred after emotional or physical exhaustion, coughing, vomiting, standing erect, or overindulging in food and alcohol, suggesting that some reflex vagal activity, or an "excitatory factor," or both, may play a causal role. No patients in the series had congestive heart failure, coronary insufficiency, embolic phenomena, or required reversion to sinus rhythm by electrical means. Bouts of atrial fibrillation in these individuals without known heart disease are probably functional and benign. The occurrence of cardiac signs or symptoms out of proportion to those due to the arrhythmia itself suggests that underlying heart disease may be present and that the patient may not have idiopathic atrial fibrillation.
Every town and city in England to have a memory clinic, says health secretary
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Department of Health has finally announced its long awaited plan for tackling dementia. Its five year strategy, which will cost £150m (€170m; $210m) in its first two years, envisages a memory clinic in every town and city in England.

Announcing the plan, the health secretary, Alan Johnson, said that it was a landmark document. “It will transform the quality of dementia care,” he said.

Among its recommendations, the strategy calls for better training of all GPs, those in practice and in training, to recognise the early symptoms of dementia and to be able to refer patients to an appropriate clinical specialist, who will be based in a memory clinic.

Primary care trusts will be allocated £60m to commission appropriate services in 2009-10 and a further £90m in 2010-11, Mr Johnson said. The developments would be monitored and “decisions about the future funding will be made on the outcome of that work,” he added.

“The first area that is very …
A Note on Respirators, Outdoor and Antiseptic
Authors: E. Mackey
Journal: BMJ (1882)

7OUANAL13 Thae may or may not be truth in the theory of infection.Let us not, without careful exintion, take it for gated that there is not:for, if there be, and we become satisfied there us, we may, by prevention and by alteration of prest treatment,
Richter syndrome first manifesting as cutaneous B-cell lymphoma clonally distinct from primary B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: E. Robak, J. Gora-Tybor, R. Kordek, E. Wawrzyniak, J. Bartkowiak, A. Bednarek, M. Constantinou, B. Kaluzewski, T. Robak
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Richter syndrome (RS) is a transformation to high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). RS may develop in lymph nodes or rarely extranodally. Skin localization of RS has been described in only a few cases. We present a 77-year-old woman who developed isolated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) in the skin of the nose without any other symptoms of RS. The LBCL in the skin was clonally distinct from the original bone marrow CLL cells. Moreover, LBCL cells were positive for LMP-1 segment of Epstein-Barr virus and overexpressed p53 protein. The patient was successfully treated with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) and adjuvant local radiotherapy.
Insurance Parity and Outpatient Care Following a Psychiatric Hospitalization
Authors: Brason Lee, Glen L. Xiong
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ward mortality after ICU discharge: a multicenter validation of the Sabadell score
Authors: Rafael Fernandez, Jose Manuel Serrano, Isabel Umaran, Ricard Abizanda, Andres Carrillo, Mª Jesus Lopez-Pueyo, Pedro Rascado, Begoña Balerdi, Borja Suberviola, Gonzalo Hernandez
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Local Production of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> and Lysophosphatidylcholine in the Coronary Circulation
Authors: Shahar Lavi, Joseph P. McConnell, Charanjit S. Rihal, Abhiram Prasad, Verghese Mathew, Lilach O. Lerman, Amir Lerman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) is a novel marker and participant in vascular inflammation. Inflammation also is associated with coronary atherosclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that local coronary production of Lp-PLA 2 is enhanced in patients with early coronary atherosclerosis and associated with local endothelial function. Methods and Results— Coronary angiography, blood flow, flow reserve, endothelial function assessment, and intravascular ultrasound with volumetric analysis were performed in 15 patients with mild coronary atherosclerosis and in 15 control subjects. Plasma samples were collected simultaneously from the left main coronary artery and coronary sinus for measurement of Lp-PLA 2 , lysophosphatidylcholine (a product of Lp-PLA 2 ), and C-reactive protein. Hemodynamic parameters and cholesterol were similar in both groups. Arterial Lp-PLA 2 levels were similar in patients and control subjects: 225 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 196 to 273 ng/mL) versus 221 ng/mL (IQR, 177 to 294 ng/mL). Lp-PLA 2 net production in the coronary circulation was higher in patients compared with control subjects: 519 ng/min (IQR, 198 to 1276 ng/min) versus −529 ng/min (IQR, −872 to −79 ng/min; P =0.001) and correlated with percent atheroma volume ( r s =0.37, P =0.04). Net production of lysophosphatidylcholine was higher in patients compared with control subjects: 199 ng/min (IQR, −592 to 470 ng/min) versus −505 ng/min (IQR, −1119 to 0 ng/min; P =0.03) and correlated with coronary endothelial dysfunction ( r s =0.5, P =0.005). C-reactive protein was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions— Early coronary atherosclerosis in humans is characterized by local production of Lp-PLA 2 . Local coronary production of lysophosphatidylcholine, the active product of Lp-PLA 2 , is associated with endothelial dysfunction. These results support the role for Lp-PLA 2 in the mechanism of regional vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in humans.
LRH-1 Governs Vital Transcriptional Programs in Endocrine-Sensitive and -Resistant Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Stéphanie Bianco, Mylène Brunelle, Maïka Jangal, Luca Magnani, Nicolas Gévry
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tumor characteristics are decisive in the determination of treatment strategy for patients with breast cancer. Patients with estrogen receptor α (ERα)–positive breast cancer can benefit from long-term hormonal treatment. Nonetheless, the majority of patients will develop resistance to these therapies. Here, we investigated the role of the nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1, NR5A2) in antiestrogen-sensitive and -resistant breast cancer cells. We identified genome-wide LRH-1–binding sites using ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing), uncovering preferential binding to regions distal to transcriptional start sites. We further characterized these LRH-1–binding sites by integrating overlapping layers of specific chromatin marks, revealing that many LRH-1–binding sites are active and could be involved in long-range enhancer–promoter looping. Combined with transcriptome analysis of LRH-1–depleted cells, these results show that LRH-1 regulates specific subsets of genes involved in cell proliferation in antiestrogen-sensitive and antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the LRH-1 transcriptional program is highly associated with a signature of poor outcome and high-grade breast cancer tumors in vivo. Herein, we report the genome-wide location and molecular function of LRH-1 in breast cancer cells and reveal its therapeutic potential for the treatment of breast cancers, notably for tumors resistant to treatments currently used in therapies. Cancer Res; 74(7); 2015–25. ©2014 AACR.
Ocular Disorders and General Disease
Authors: S. Duke-Elder
Journal: BMJ (1966)

JORNAL 1039 are omissions of important points, such as the treatment of paralytic ileus by specific drugs and details of the development of thrombosis and emergency treatment of its serious sequela, the pulmonary embolus.The final chapters of physical, psycho- logical, and social rehabilitation of the para- lysed are very informative to those concerned with the care and management of paraplegics and tetraplegics and follow the modern teaching of spinal injuries centres in this most important aspect of the social reintegration of the paralysed.LUDWIG GUTTMANN.
Assessing the Likely Harms to Kidney Vendors in Regulated Organ Markets
Authors: Julian Koplin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

AbstractAdvocates of paid living kidney donation frequently argue that kidney sellers would benefit from paid donation under a properly regulated kidney market. The poor outcomes experienced by participants in existing markets are often entirely attributed to harmful black-market practices. This article reviews the medical and anthropological literature on the physical, psychological, social, and financial harms experienced by vendors under Iran's regulated system of donor compensation and black markets throughout the world and argues that this body of research not only documents significant harms to vendors, but also provides reasons to believe that such harms would persist under a regulated system. This does not settle the question of whether or not a regulated market should be introduced, but it does strengthen the case against markets in kidneys while suggesting that those advocating such a system cannot appeal to the purported benefits to vendors to support their case.Keywords:: Organ transplantationhealth policyinternational/global health Notes1 . This is not to suggest that the prevailing framework under prohibition in Pakistan is entirely benign. Moazam (Citation2006) explores some of the ethical challenges posed by a social context that emphasizes obligations to others rather than donors' rights and autonomy.2 . However, some critics of incentivized donation in Iran and the Philippines have alleged that regulations have been poorly enforced and widely flouted (Padilla et al. Citation2012; Zargooshi Citation2008). Zargooshi acknowledges that his argument relies on the validity of his references, most of which are drawn from a single organization and are not available in English, and recommends that independent fact-finding committees verify the accuracy of his claims.3 . The absence of longitudinal studies of the effects of nephrectomy among the urban poor has been highlighted by Scheper-Hughes (Citation2002, 77; Citation2008a, 118). The risks of kidney selling have been explicitly defined in terms of the risks with kidney donation in affluent nations by Matas (Citation2008) and Taylor (Citation2005, 125–132).4 . I thank an anonymous reviewer for raising this point.5 . I thank two anonymous reviewers for raising this point.