tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A31: ERG-mediated alterations in chromatin conformation
Authors: David S. Rickman, Ari Melnick, Olivier Elemento, Mark Rubin, T. David Soong, Benjamin Moss, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Jan Dlabal, Stephane Terry, Theresa MacDonald, Karen Bunting, Francesca Demichelis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that chromatin adopts a non-random three dimensional (3D) topology and that the organization of genes into structural hubs and domains affects their transcriptional status. How chromatin conformation changes in diseases such as cancer is poorly understood. Moreover, how oncogenic transcription factors, which bind to thousands of sites across the genome, influence gene regulation by globally altering the topology of chromatin requires further elucidation. To address these questions, we performed unbiased high-resolution mapping of intra- and inter-chromosome interactions upon over-expression of ERG, an oncogenic transcription factor frequently over-expressed in prostate cancer as a result of a gene fusion. By integrating data from genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), ERG binding (ChIP-seq), gene expression (RNA-seq) and spectral karytopying, we demonstrate for the first time that the oncogenic transcription factor ERG can induce global, reproducible and functionally coherent changes in chromatin organization that are associated with gene expression differences and genomic alterations. The results presented here have broader implications, as many driving genetic lesions in other cancer types involve altered levels of transcription factors due to genomic alterations (e.g. EWS-FLI1, c-Myc, n-Myc, PML-RARα). Citation Format: David S. Rickman, Ari Melnick, Olivier Elemento, Mark Rubin, T. David Soong, Benjamin Moss, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Jan Dlabal, Stephane Terry, Theresa MacDonald, Karen Bunting, Francesca Demichelis. ERG-mediated alterations in chromatin conformation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A31.
A memorable letter: The ethos of drug safety monitoring
Authors: R. D Mann
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Thirty four years ago Sir Derrick Dunlop, chairman of the Committee on Safety of Drugs, wrote a “Dear Doctor” letter which contained comments and promises that have proved to be important in drug safety monitoring in Britain.

The committee—forerunner of today's Committee on Safety of Medicines—asked “every member of the medical profession in the United Kingdom” to report “promptly details of any untoward condition in a patient which might be the result of drug treatment.” The italic emphasis was Sir Derrick's and its consequence is that even today the yellow card reporting form is headed to show that it …
Diagnosis of Influenza in Intensive Care Units: Lower Respiratory Tract Samples Are Better than Nose–Throat Swabs
Authors: Paula López Roa, Belen Rodríguez-Sánchez, Pilar Catalán, Maddalena Giannella, Luis Alcalá, Belén Padilla, Darío García Viedma, Patricia Muñoz, Emilio Bouza
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)
A Mini-Symposium on Acupuncture
Authors: John R. Tkach
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  It seems to me that Dr. Macintosh has rejected the value of the electrical acupuncture analgesia phenomenon without subjecting it to a scientific evaluation. Dr. Macintosh seems to imply that the effect is due to suggestion because it can be achieved by placing the needles in a wide variety of points. Erythromycin can be given topically, orally, or intravenously. Shall we attribute its effect to suggestion also?  While we debate its validity, the Chinese continue to use it for thousands of surgical procedures, undisturbed by our lack of confidence.  A pharmaceutical company has distributed an excellent film from the People's Republic of China on acupuncture anesthesia, describing the historical development and experimental investigations. Much time is devoted to use in the war setting. There are scenes of Chinese soldiers marching in formation. There is an example of an emergency field operating room being set up for a
Regional Enteritis (Crohn's Disease)
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: JAMA (1972)

That a report of a symposium sponsored by the Skandia group in Stockholm from Sept 29 to Oct 1, 1970, should appear within a year of the event and should be so carefully edited with so few typographical errors is a remarkable achievement. The intent of the symposium, to bring together experts in the field of Crohn's disease in order to produce a reference book on the disease, has been admirably achieved from almost every standpoint. The afficionado will find material on almost every page to interest him. Pathology, pathophysiology, course and prognosis, epidemiology, almost any aspect of the disorder, are well covered. Relatively new material is also included; there is a discussion of the change in the glycine-taurine ratio of conjugated bile salts as an index of ileal disease; and the entity of acute terminal ileitis is finally put in its place as an infectious disorder with little relation
The importance of sensitivity to cultivated sorghum antigens in patients with asthma and rhinitis from the rural and near rural area of Río IV—Argentina
Authors: M.A. Sanabria, M.J. Gregorio, M. Ferrero, M.D. Romero-Piffiguer, M.A. Ordoñez, J.C. Muiño
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Radioactive Gold Dermatitis
Authors: Norman Simon
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to add to the answer of a question on "Contact Dermatitis From Gold Wedding Ring" (<b>205</b>:318, 1968). Dr. Fisher points out that true allergic contact dermatitis due to gold is quite rare. We have lately encountered six cases of skin reactions from gold jewelry contaminated with radon deposit. The skin reaction from a contaminated wedding ring is illustrated in a recent article (<b>200</b>:254, 1967). Currently, the State Health Department of New York is investigating the prevalence of such contaminated jewelry. Perhaps your questioner can send his ring to the nearest radiologist or to me to test it for the presence of radium D and radium E.
Stable changes in CD4+ T lymphocyte miRNA expression after exposure to HIV-1
Authors: Fabio Bignami, Elisabetta Pilotti, Linda Bertoncelli, Paola Ronzi, Mariolina Gulli, Nelson Marmiroli, Giacomo Magnani, Marcello Pinti, Lucia Lopalco, Cristina Mussini, Roberta Ruotolo, Massimo Galli, Andrea Cossarizza, Claudio Casoli
Journal: Blood (2012)
Iatrogenic perforation of the colon following retroflexion maneuver
Authors: K. Fu, H. Ikematsu, M. Sugito, Y. Sano, S. Kato, Y. Kuroki, T. Ishikawa, Y. Kaji
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 76-year-old man visited our hospital because he had tested positive for fecal occult blood. A colonoscope was easily introduced into end of the ileum without pain or distension. A pedunculated polyp was detected in the ascending colon near the hepatic flexure ([Figure 1]). The patient felt no abdominal pain or distension during electrocauterization polypectomy. Arterial bleeding occurred immediately after polypectomy, so, as the location of the bleeding point was difficult to access in the forward view, the scope was retroflexed in the ascending colon to allow placement of hemoclips. Subsequently, the patient complained of pain and developed pneumoperitoneum. Emergency computed tomography (CT) showed a large amount of free air, especially in the left retroperitoneal space ([Figure 2]). Surgery revealed a transmural laceration at the transverse colon near the splenic flexure, and not at the polypectomy site. The patient recovered uneventfully after laparotomy.
Sarcoidosis and Psoriasis
Authors: Karolyn A. Wanat, Andras Schaffer, Veronica Richardson, Abby VanVoorhees, Misha Rosenbach
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystem disorder characterized by the formation of noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas affecting multiple organ systems. The role of the type 1 helper T (T(H)1) cell in sarcoidal granuloma formation has been well documented, and the T(H)17 pathway in sarcoidosis is just now being investigated. T(H)17 cells are also known to involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and the coexistence of sarcoidosis and psoriasis is mechanistically plausible based on potential shared underlying immunologic pathways.We report a case series of 7 patients with sarcoidosis and psoriasis vulgaris. All patients had psoriasis ranging from limited disease to involvement of 30% of their body surface area and had evidence of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Three of these patients also had cutaneous sarcoidosis, and 1 of these patients had evidence of both psoriasis and sarcoidosis in the same cutaneous specimen.We report a case series of concomitant sarcoidosis and psoriasis, suggesting that common pathogenesis involving the T(H)1 and T(H)17 pathways may be responsible for this disease association. Although additional data are needed to clarify this association, this observation may lead to important understanding of the pathophysiologic and therapeutic management in these disorders.
DiagnosisPro: The Ultimate Differential Diagnosis Assistant
Authors: Alan R. Aronson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

New Media Diagnosis DiagnosisPro version 2.0 is a software program designed for physicians to enter symptoms, signs, and tests (the authors call them attributes) and obtain a prediction. DiagnosisPro loaded easily from three floppy disks with the Windows 95 operating system. The user's guide states that the program can be used with Windows 3.1, DOS, and with a HP200LX Palmtop. The HP200LX would allow the user to have a portable diagnostic instrument on rounds or in the office. The manual is easy to read with explicit instructions. It contains the chapters "Installation," "Windows Tutorial," "DOS Tutorial," "Review of DiagnosisPro Features," and "Test Cases For Tutorial." The installation was easy with no problems. However, the initial screen was not the same as in the manual. The user's guide shows a screen with five columns. The last three are the attribute condition at either high, low, or inactive. I did not see
Regulatory dendritic cells protect against cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease mediated through CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Shigeharu Fujita, Yumiko Sato, Kaori Sato, Kawori Eizumi, Tomohiro Fukaya, Masato Kubo, Naohide Yamashita, Katsuaki Sato
Journal: Blood (2007)
What did we learn from the North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference?
Authors: Diana Bilton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

The North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference is an opportunity for the clinicians, multidisciplinary teams and scientists working in the field of cystic fibrosis (CF) to present the latest research and developments. In order to ensure that as many people as possible gain from this impressive event, the American Cystic Fibrosis Foundation make the plenary talks available on their website.1 This article does not attempt to simply reproduce conference talks but to highlight some key messages which emerged and to capture the sense of optimism which was gained by the attendees in Anaheim in October 2007.

In the past we may have returned from US conferences with one major headline regarding a single breakthrough dominating our thinking, but in 2007 we left with a real sense of progress on every level in all dimensions of research and care.

It is clear that survival for people with CF has improved because of rigorous application of a multidisciplinary approach with attention to detail in all areas of disease management. We have learnt that looking after the lungs without attending to nutrition is a suboptimal approach. It appears that the CF community has adopted the multidisciplinary approach to research and development for ensuring further improvements in outcomes for people with CF. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of lung disease in CF has allowed the CF community to plan interventions at each point of disease development (Figure 1) and at the Anaheim conference there were examples of reports of clinical trials of potential new therapies at every point along the pathophysiological map. I will use this map to describe the advances that were emerging at the meeting.



Figure 1

Cystic fibrosis pathopysiology and possible therapies
CULTURES FROM THE BLOOD IN TYPHOID.REPORT ON EXAMINATION OF EIGHTY-EIGHT CASES.
Authors: RALPH DUFFY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

While scattered reports of the occurrence of typhoid bacilli in the blood of typhoid patients extend over a period of twenty years, it is only within the last five or six years that published accounts of larger series of cases occur, and it remains for the present workers to demonstrate to the practitioner what I believe to be the case, that blood cultures in typhoid fever afford a surer and earlier means of diagnosis than the Widal reaction and are perfectly feasible in family practice. The earliest publication on blood cultures in typhoid I have been able to find is that of Fraenkel<sup>1</sup>in 1885. This observer in seven cases demonstrated the bacilli in the blood in one case. Twelve years later Künau<sup>2</sup>reported that he had demonstrated the bacilli in eleven out of forty-one cases. In this country Cole,<sup>3</sup>of Johns Hopkins, in 1901, in fifteen
Prolapsed Endometrial Cancer: FDG PET/CT Findings
Authors: Tomohiro Kaneta, Takashi Hakamatsuka, Takayuki Yamada, Akihiro Sato, Shuichi Higano, Hiroshi Fukuda, Shoki Takahashi, Shogo Yamada
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

We report a 58-year-old woman with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT for evaluation of chemotherapy. PET/CT images incidentally showed a soft tissue mass prolapsed from the perineal region with extremely high FDG uptake (SUV max = 9.8). The patient underwent radical hysterectomy, and a pathologic diagnosis of uterine endometrial carcinoma was made.
US politicians want federal funding to discover cost effectiveness of new drugs
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A bill before the US Congress calls on health authorities to investigate whether expensive new drugs offer value for money, by comparing their risks and benefits with other treatments and older drugs.

   ![][1] 

Two members of the US House of Representatives, Jo Ann Emerson (Republican, Missouri) and Tom Allen (Democrat, Maine), are sponsoring a bill that would require federal funding for the evaluation of the cost effectiveness of new drugs

Credit: AP PHOTO/JOSE GOITA

Credit: AP PHOTO/PAT WELLENBACH

Currently new drugs are approved on the basis of their superiority over a placebo, with no requirement to show an advantage over existing treatments or cheaper generic pills.

If passed, the new legislation would see US taxpayers spending $75m (£47m; €67m) in 2004 to fund studies of the cost effectiveness of the nation's most expensive classes of drugs–something done routinely in other countries but a move that is bitterly opposed by the drug industry in the United States.

Annual spending on prescription drugs is rising by almost 20% a year in the United States, where it is now in excess of $150bn. The cost of drugs is one of the fastest growing components of overall healthcare costs, which are also rapidly rising and becoming …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Use of Oral Cortisone in Paediatrics
Authors: B. Wolman
Journal: BMJ (1951)

SIMPLE GASTRIC ULCER AND CARCINOMA BDI ouIL pre-pyloric carcinomata frequently undergo peptic ulceration and may then present with the histological features of so-called " ulcer-cancer."We believe that the second possibility is inherently more likely.But, in any event, from a practical stand- point the main conclusion is unaffected by one's choice between these two possibilities.It is that pre-pyloric ulcers are commonly malignant and should be resected.Summary Among 375 patients with gastric carcinoma treated in the Radcliffe Infirmary there were 26 with some eviqence that the neoplasm might have arisen in a simple ulcer.There was good clinical evidence of chronic simple ulcer in only half the patients.The site of the neoplasm for the group -of 26 patients conformed with the distribution of carcinoma of the stomach and not with that of simple gastric ulcer.In three cases the carcinoma had apparently arisen at a site different from that of a pre-existing simple ulcer.We believe that most of these cases were examples of ulcerating carcinoma.In any event, the majority were prepyloric, and it is evident that pre-pyloric ulcers should be deemed malignant and treated by surgical resection.We wish to thank the physicians and surgeons of the Radcliffe Infirmary for permission to make the study out of which the present article arises.
Trends in sales of drugs for asthma in New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom, 1975-81.
Authors: G Keating, E A Mitchell, R Jackson, R Beaglehole, H Rea
Journal: BMJ (1984)

As part of an investigation into the recent epidemic of deaths from asthma in New Zealand, trends in the sales of drugs for asthma in New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom during 1975-81 were examined. Data on sales of drugs were obtained from an international pharmaceutical market research organisation. A striking increase in sales of sympathomimetic aerosols, steroid aerosols, and theophylline per caput occurred in all three countries, with the greatest increase occurring in New Zealand. Sales of sodium cromoglycate also increased in New Zealand and the UK but fell in Australia. By 1981 New Zealand had the highest sales of all these drugs per caput. Explanations for the rising mortality from asthma in New Zealand despite large increases in drug sales need to be explored. Although the temporal association between mortality and sales of drugs suggests that direct drug toxicity is unlikely, there may be more subtle adverse effects of drug use.
Domestic Violence Hot Line's Demise: What's Next?
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE NATIONAL domestic violence hot line, once a source of hope and information for as many as 10000 women a month, was disconnected last June when its private grant ran out. The individuals who operated the hot line apparently worked feverishly to find another sponsor, yet their struggle appears to have been essentially private and unknown to many. For many people, the impression is left that the hot line was there one day and gone the next. "Many of us weren't aware that their circumstances were so dire," says Debby Tucker, executive director, Texas Council on Family Violence, referring to the Michigan Coalition Against Domestic Violence that had run the hot line since late 1988. "It appears that they just kept trying internally with all their strength to keep going. The rest of us were really caught by surprise that they were in that serious trouble." (The Michigan Coalition had
In vitro and in vivo gene-transferring characteristics of novel cationic lipids, DMKD (O,O'-dimyristyl-N-lysyl aspartate) and DMKE (O,O'-dimyristyl-N-lysyl glutamate)
Authors: Hong Sung Kim, In Ho Song, Jong Chul Kim, Eun Jeong Kim, Doo Ok Jang, Yong Serk Park
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
502 HCV core-E1-E2 acts as an HCC tumor accelerator through suppression of apoptosis
Authors: Y KAMEGAYA, Y HIASA, L ZUKERBERG, N FOWLER, J BLACKARD, W LIN, E SCHMIDT, R CHUNG
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Transformed hepatocytes survive various apoptotic insults during their growth in vivo. However, molecular mechanisms that inhibit apoptosis and support their survival are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of Bcl-xL, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Bcl-xL protein was expressed in HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 human hepatoma cell lines at high levels, but none of these cells expressed Bcl-2. Down-modulation of Bcl-xL by antisense oligonucleotide activated apoptosis in HepG2 cells in response to cellular stresses induced by staurosporine treatment or by serum starvation. Ectopic expression of transcriptionally active p53 alone was not sufficient for the activation of apoptosis in p53-null Hep3B cells, but apoptosis was induced when endogenous Bcl-xL was simultaneously inhibited by antisense oligonucleotide in these cells. Bcl-xL was expressed in all 20 surgically resected human HCC tissues when examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, and levels of its expression were higher in a subset of HCC tissues than those of adjacent nontumor liver tissues or normal livers. We conclude that Bcl-xL expressed in human HCC cells inhibits apoptosis produced by various cellular stresses, such as staurosporine treatment, serum starvation, and p53 activation, and may play an important role in their survival. (HEPATOLOGY 2001;34:55-61.)
THE DISINFECTION OF EXCRETA.Read in the Section on State Medicine at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: GEO. M. STERNBERG
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The Committee on Disinfectants appointed by the American Public Health Association in 1884, in its final report submitted in 1887, gives the following<i>general directions:</i> Disinfection of Excreta, etc. The infectious character of the dejections of patients suffering from cholera and from typhoid fever is well established, and this is true of mild cases and of the earliest stages of these diseases as well as of severe and fatal cases. It is probable that epidemic dysentery, tuberculosis, and perhaps diphtheria, yellow fever, scarlet fever, and typhus fever, may also be transmitted by means of the alvine discharges of the sick. It is, therefore, of the first importance that these should be disinfected. In cholera, diphtheria, yellow fever, and scarlet fever, all vomited material should also be looked upon as infectious. And in tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and infectious pneumonia, the sputa of the sick should be disinfected or destroyed by
Correlation of pathologic Q waves on the standard electrocardiogram and the epicardial electrogram of the human heart.
Authors: M M Bodenheimer, V S Banka, R G Trout, H Pasdar, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To evaluate the relationship between abnormal Q waves on the standard ECG and localized ventricular excitation, unipolar epicardial electrograms were recorded over the left ventricle during aortocoronary bypass surgery in 36 patients. Of 20 without standard ECG Q waves, six had abnormal epicardial Q waves, three anterioly and three inferiorly. Of 16 patients with standard ECG Q waves, four had both precordial and anterior epicardial Q waves while seven had Q waves in leads III and aVF and inferior epicardial Q waves. Three of the 14 had Q waves in both precordial and inferior leads of the ECG but epicardial Q waves only from the antero-apical region in two and only from the inferior wall in one. Two patients with Q waves in both III and aVF had no epicardial Q waves. Thus, the standard electocardiogram underestimates epicardial Q waves. If Q waves are present in the standard ECG, they correlate with the presence, although not invariably the location of Q waves on the epicardial electrogram.
Treatment of Inoperable Glucagonoma with the Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogue SMS 201–995
Authors: Guenther Boden, Isabel G. Ryan, Brenda L. Eisenschmid, John J. Shelmet, Oliver E. Owen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

CHEMOTHERAPY of metastatic or otherwise inoperable glucagon-producing islet-cell tumors (glucagonomas) has been unsatisfactory. The agents most frequently used, streptozocin and dacarbazine, are rather toxic and often not very effective.1 Recently a long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201–995),2 which can be administered by subcutaneous injection, has been used successfully in the treatment of other malignant endocrine tumors, including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)–secreting and carcinoid tumors.3 4 5 6 We have administered this drug to a patient with an inoperable glucagonoma and found that it had sustained and beneficial effects on hyperglucagonemia, hypoalaninemia, and weight and skin changes.Case ReportThe patient, a 62-year-old man, underwent . . .