tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A3.4 CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>–</sup>CD8<sup>–</sup>Double Negative Th17 Cells: New Insights in the Pathogenesis of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Alessia Alunno, Sara Caterbi, Onelia Bistoni, Elena Bartoloni, Gianluca Santoboni, Giulia Mirabelli, Francesca Cannarile, Valentina Valentini, Riccardo Terenzi, Roberto Gerli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> IL-17 axis is widely recognised to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Besides conventional CD4<sup>+</sup> Th17 cells, a small IL-17 producing T-cell population, that lacks of both CD4 and CD8 molecules, defined as double negative (DN) was recently found to be expanded in the peripheral blood (PB) and to accumulate in the kidney in patients with lupus nephritis. Since IL-17 production is enhanced in minor salivary gland (MSG) infiltrates of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), we sought to investigate whether DN T cells may be involved in pSS pathogenesis. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Thirty patients with pSS and 16 normal controls (NC) were studied. PBMCs were separated by density gradient and phenotypic characterisation was performed by flow cytometry on both freshly isolated cells and after culture (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). Total PBMCs were cultured in anti-CD3 coated plates in presence or absence of dexamethasone (Dex) at different concentrations. In selected experiments, real time PCR at the same time-points was performed. The study of pSS-MSGs was performed by immunofluorescence. <h3>Results</h3> Total circulating DN T cells were increased in pSS compared to NC. NC and pSS freshly isolated DN T cells expressed RORγ t, activation markers (CD25, CD69, HLA-DR) and produced consistent amounts of IL-17. Despite IL-6/TGFβ ratio became abnormal in pSS patients after 72 hour-culture, Dex was able to down-regulate IL-17 in vitro production in NC and pSS CD4<sup>+</sup>Th17 cells and in NC DN T cells from this time-point on. Surprisingly, IL-17 production by pSS-DN T cells was not affected at all by Dex at any time-point. Dex could also reduce the expression of activation markers on CD4<sup>+</sup> cells, but not in pSS and NC-DN T cells. Among DN T cells, those expressing αβTCR were expanded in patients with active pSS compared to those with inactive pSS. DN T cells were present in pSS-MSG infiltrate. <h3>Conclusions</h3> To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying and characterising DN T cells in pSS. It shows that DN T cells are expanded in the PB of pSS, display an in vivo activated Th17 phenotype, infiltrate MSG and are resistant to corticosteroids. Taken together, these data suggest a key role of this T-cell subset in the perpetuation of chronic sialoadenitis and eventually in SS prognosis and provide the clue to target DN T cells for therapeutic purposes in pSS.
An Address ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CARDIAC MURMURS: Read at the Annual Meeting of the Kent Branch, Held at Tonbridge, June, 1918
Authors: C. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1918)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The phenotypic consequences of inbreeding typically result in a fitness decline proportional to the increase in the inbreeding coefficient, <i>F</i>. This basic assumption of a predictable, inverse relationship between fitness and <i>F</i> has been questioned by a number of empirical studies. We explored the relationship between population history and inbreeding in a metapopulation of the plant <i>Silene latifolia,</i> for which long-term data are available for the historical size and spatial distribution of hundreds of local demes. We used a population genetic analysis to estimate gene flow and bi-parental inbreeding (<i>F</i><sub>IS</sub>) in demes with different histories of spatial isolation. A controlled crossing experiment examined whether the effect of inbreeding and outcrossing on fitness-related traits varied with different histories of population size and isolation. Historically isolated demes experienced less gene flow and an increase in <i>F</i><sub>IS</sub>, as well as significant inbreeding advantage and outbreeding depression for traits expressed early in life. The causes of variation in the <i>F-</i>fitness relationship among populations will include variance in the distribution of deleterious recessive alleles driven by aspects of population history, including population size, founder effects, gene flow, bi-parental inbreeding, and opportunities for the purging of genetic load. Our findings show that isolation and historical variation in population size likely contribute substantial variation in past inbreeding and the consequences of future inbreeding across the metapopulation.
Lymphocyte subsets in healthy Malawians: Implications for immunologic assessment of HIV infection in Africa
Authors: Wilson L. Mandala, Jenny M. MacLennan, Esther N. Gondwe, Steven A. Ward, Malcolm E. Molyneux, Calman A. MacLennan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> CD4<sup>+</sup>T lymphocyte measurements are the most important indicator of mortality in HIV-infected individuals in resource-limited settings. There is currently a lack of comprehensive immunophenotyping data from African populations to guide the immunologic assessment of HIV infection. <h3>Objective</h3> To quantify variation in absolute and relative lymphocyte subsets with age in healthy Malawians. <h3>Methods</h3> Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of 539 healthy HIV-uninfected Malawians stratified by age were enumerated by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> B and T–lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte subset absolute concentrations peaked in early childhood then decreased to adult levels, whereas lymphocyte subset proportions demonstrated much less variation with age. Adult lymphocyte subsets were similar to those in developed countries. In contrast, high B-lymphocyte and CD8<sup>+</sup>T-lymphocyte levels among children under 2 years, relative to those in developed countries, resulted in low CD4<sup>+</sup>T-lymphocyte percentages that varied little between 0 and 5 years (35% to 39%). The CD4<sup>+</sup>T-lymphocyte percentages in 35% of healthy children under 1 year and 18% of children age 1 to 3 years were below the World Health Organization threshold defining immunodeficiency in HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings. Thirteen percent of healthy children under 18 months old had a CD4:CD8T-lymphocyte ratio <1.0, which is commonly associated with HIV infection. All immunologic parameters except absolute natural killer lymphocyte concentration varied significantly with age, and percentage and overall absolute CD4<sup>+</sup>T-lymphocyte counts were higher in females than males. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Although lymphocyte subsets in Malawian adults are similar to those from developed countries, CD4<sup>+</sup>T-lymphocyte percentages in young children are comparatively low. These findings need to be considered when assessing the severity of HIV-related immunodeficiency in African children under 3 years.
Increased Admission for Alcohol Dependence After Gastric Bypass Surgery Compared With Restrictive Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Magdalena Plecka Östlund, Olof Backman, Richard Marsk, Dag Stockeld, Jesper Lagergren, Finn Rasmussen, Erik Näslund
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>We demonstrate that patients who have undergone gastric bypass surgery (GBS) have a higher risk of inpatient care for alcohol dependence than those who have undergone restrictive surgery. This highlights a need for health care providers to be aware of this so that early detection and treatment can be put in place.<h3>Objective</h3>To evaluate inpatient care for alcohol abuse before and after GBS compared with restrictive surgery (vertical banded gastroplasty and gastric banding).<h3>Design</h3>Retrospective population-based cohort study including all patients who underwent GBS, vertical banded gastroplasty, and gastric banding in Sweden from 1980 through 2006. The relative risk of inpatient care for alcohol abuse was studied before and after surgery.<h3>Setting</h3>All hospitals in Sweden performing bariatric surgery.<h3>Participants</h3>A total of 11 115 patients older than 18 years (mean [SD] age, 40.0 [10.3] years; 77% women) who underwent a primary gastric bypass procedure, vertical banded gastroplasty, and gastric banding during the study period.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Inpatient care for alcohol abuse, substance abuse, depression, and attempted suicide.<h3>Results</h3>Mean follow-up time was 8.6 years. Before surgery, there was no difference in inpatient treatment of alcohol abuse among patients who underwent gastric bypass or a restrictive procedure (incidence rate ratio, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4). After surgery, there was a 2-fold increased risk of inpatient care for alcohol abuse among patients who had GBS compared with those who had restrictive surgery (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7-3.2).<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Patients who had undergone GBS had more than double the risk of inpatient care for alcohol abuse postoperatively compared with patients undergoing a restrictive procedure, highlighting a need for healthcare professionals to be aware of this for early detection and treatment.
Nonmydriatic Ocular Fundus Photography in the Emergency Department
Authors: Beau Benjamin Bruce, Cedric Lamirel, David W Wright, Antionette Ward, Kate L Heilpern, Valerie Biousse, Nancy J Newman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

To the Editor: Examination of the ocular fundus is imperative in the diagnosis and treatment of many acute medical and neurologic conditions, but direct ophthalmoscopy is underused and difficult to perform without pharmacologic pupillary dilation.1,2 We believe that nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography (i.e., performed without pupillary dilation) represents a promising alternative to direct ophthalmoscopy, particularly in the emergency department, where limited training in ophthalmoscopy, increased demands on physicians' time, and underappreciation of the prognostic value of ocular fundus examination can place patients at risk for poor outcomes and expose their caregivers to medicolegal liability.1,3 The FOTO-ED (Fundus Photography . . .
The prognostic value of inflammatory and neurohumoral activation in patients with Chagas' heart disease
Authors: Victor S. Issa, Amilcar O. Mocelin, Fernando Bacal, Guilherme V. Guimaraes, Edecio Cunha, Giovanni V. Bellotti, Jose F. Ramires, Edimar A. Bocchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Socioeconomic Influences on Child Health
Authors: Neal Halfon
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of short-term dietary measures on dioxin concentrations in human milk.
Authors: H J Pluim, E R Boersma, I Kramer, K Olie, J W van der Slikke, J G Koppe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Breast-feeding may expose infants to high levels of toxic chlorinated dioxins. To diminish intake of these lipophilic compounds by the baby, two diets were tested for their ability to reduce concentrations of dioxins in human milk. The diets were a low-fat/high- carbohydrate/low-dioxin diet. (about 20% of energy intake derived from fat) and a high fat /low-carbohydrate/low-dioxin diet. These diets were tested in 16 and 18 breast-feeding women, respectively. The test diets were followed for 5 consecutive days in the fourth week after delivery. Milk was sampled before and at the end of the dietary regimen, and dioxin concentrations and fatty acid concentrations were determined. Despite significant influences of these diets on the fatty acid profiles, no significant influence on the dioxin concentrations in breast milk could be found. We conclude that short-term dietary measures will not reduce dioxin concentration in human milk.
Should We Expand the Pharyngitis Paradigm for Adolescents and Young Adults?
Authors: Em. Marc De Meyere
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters6 April 2010Should We Expand the Pharyngitis Paradigm for Adolescents and Young Adults?Em. Marc De Meyere, MD and Jan Matthys, MDEm. Marc De Meyere, MDFrom University of Ghent, Belgium, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.Search for more papers by this author and Jan Matthys, MDFrom University of Ghent, Belgium, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-7-201004060-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Centor (1) presented an interesting article about management of pharyngitis in adolescents and young adults. The data on the Lemierre syndrome oblige us to be vigilant, but we disagree with the author's conclusions, especially as formulated in the second key summary point (“Use a penicillin or a cephalosporin for empirical treatment of rapid streptococcus-negative pharyngitis in adolescents and young adults”). Centor mentions that we do not have data on the clinical presentation of Fusobacterium necrophorum pharyngitis. Whether antibiotic therapy affects the duration and severity of pharyngitis symptoms or contagion is unknown, so these considerations cannot be included ...References1. Centor RM. Expand the pharyngitis paradigm for adolescents and young adults. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:812-5. [PMID: 19949147] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Matthys J, De Meyere M, van Driel ML, De Sutter A. Differences among international pharyngitis guidelines: not just academic. Ann Fam Med. 2007;5:436-43. [PMID: 17893386] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Ghent, Belgium, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoExpand the Pharyngitis Paradigm for Adolescents and Young Adults Robert M. Centor Should We Expand the Pharyngitis Paradigm for Adolescents and Young Adults? Robert M. Centor Metrics Cited ByThe role of Fusobacterium necrophorum in pharyngotonsillitis – A review 6 April 2010Volume 152, Issue 7Page: 477-478KeywordsAdolescentsClinical trialsConflicts of interestFeversFusobacterium necrophorumInflammationPenicillinPeritonsillar abscessesPharyngitisYoung adults ePublished: 6 April 2010 Issue Published: 6 April 2010 CopyrightCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A suppressor T cell in the human mixed lymphocyte reaction.
Authors: A J McMichael, T Sasazuki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Lymphocytes from an HLA-B7 DW2 homozygous multiparous woman, J.H., failed to respond in the mixed lymphocyte reaction to lymphocytes from her DW1 homozygous husband, W.H., and certain other homozygous typing cells. J.H. lymphocytes could suppress the response of HLA matched responders to W.H. This effect was shown to be radiosensitive and due to a T cell. The suppressor cell showed antigen specificity.
Depression-anxiety and quality of life and the use of complementary and alternative medicine among breast cancer patients in Turkey.
Authors: ME Kalender, A Dirier, A Sevinc, C Camci
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3130 Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among women. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and quality of life, and anxiety and depression, and demographic characteristics of Anatolian women with breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Quality of life was measured with European Organization for Treatment and Research of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life core questionnaire (QLQ-C30, version 3.0) and anxiety and depression was measured with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The demographic characteristics of patients were filled by patient to a standard form.&amp;#x2028; Results: Totally 122 patients with breast cancer were enrolled, and 50% (n=61) of patients reported that they were using CAM. The most commonly used CAM methods were stinging nettle (57%) and prayer and spiritual healing (49%). The statistical analysis showed that, there was a meaningful correlation between CAM usage and education level (p=0.031) and radiotherapy (p=0.002). There was no relationship between use of CAM and patients age, time since diagnosis, stage of cancer, chemotherapy using, smoking and residence. Analysis of patients showed a positive correlation between CAM and RF2 (Role Functioning) (p=0.014) and FI (Financial Difficulties) (p=0.011) and negative correlation between CAM and EF (Emotional Functioning) (p=0.033). There was no correlation between use of CAM and anxiety and depression scale. The RF2 (p=0.02), EF (p=0.047), FA (Fatigue) (p=0.038), PA (Pain) (p=0.043) and depression results (p=0.008) were better at patients with high education level. We analysed CAM using in patients living in rural or urban area, and the EF (p=0.006), CF (Cognitive Functioning) (p=0.027), PA (p=0.025), DY (Dyspnoea) (p=0.045) and DI (Diarrhoea) (p=0.000) results were better in urban area.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: According to the various studies in the literature, 20-83.3% of breast cancer patients were using CAM and the CAM methods are different in different countries and cultures. Our results suggest that the use of CAM among Anatolian women with breast cancer is popular. This study findings showed no correlation between anxiety and depression and CAM usage. There is a tendency to CAM usage in patients with financial problems. Emotional functioning was also worse in those patients. The study results showed that the use of CAM is more common among breast patients with bad emotional status and poor financial status. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3130.
Whistleblowing in the NHS
Authors: K. Holt
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> There is rapidly growing recognition of the important contribution of individually carried genetic factors to drug response variation (pharmacogenomics) for an increasingly wide range of drugs and of the resulting implications for healthcare across multiple specialisms. This concise overview of the March 2022 joint report of the Royal College of Physicians and the British Pharmacological Society on this topic outlines its coverage of aspects of scientific rationale (with examples), the so far largely unmet need for planned, systematic implementation and training within the UK NHS, and the key forward strategies required. They include a centrally funded, well defined developmental service design with implementation priorities, clinical decision support, clear clinical governance and ongoing research, public and patient engagement, and agreed, updated education and training packages.
Current Perspectives in Gastroenterology
Authors: Gordon A. Donaldson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This book is primarily a contribution from the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; and the range of subject matter, covering problems current in surgery today, is indeed a compliment to the activities of this group. Twenty-eight of the 33 essayists are affiliated with the University.  The format is that of five sections, dealing, in order, with the stomach and duodenum, large bowel, pancreas, small bowel, and the general subject of gastrointestinal bleeding. Each section includes a series of formal presentations which discuss specific problems confronting the practicing surgeon today. Each chapter is presented in a direct fashion, varying somewhat in quality, as might be expected from such a large group of contributors. Much of the charm and value of the book lies in the several pages at the end of each section, devoted to an informal question-and-answer discussion of problems presented earlier. This unrehearsed summation of opinion offers relaxed
Pump Blockers and Ulcer Disease
Authors: George Sachs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Ulceration of the upper gastrointestinal tract depends on tissue resistance factors that are not well defined. Acid secretion by fundic mucosa has a key role in eliciting the lesions that result from imperfections in tissue resistance. The adage, "No acid, no ulcer," holds true. Therefore, treatment of ulcer disease has focused largely on the control of luminal acidity, even though methods of altering the response of a lesion to acidity are also being explored.Neutralization of acid is the most obvious approach and is relatively successful in short-term control. On the average, perhaps two hours of control can be expected . . .
P5-14-13: Favorable Prognosis in Patients with T1a,b Node-Negative Triple Negative Breast Cancers Treated with Multimodality Therapy.
Authors: AY Ho, G Gupta, CA Perez, TA King, SM Patil, KH Rogers, E Brogi, M Morrow, C Hudis, T Traina, B McCormick, SN Powell, ME Robson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, natural history and outcomes in patients with ≤1cm, node-negative triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and Methods: After excluding patients who received neoadjuvant therapy, 1,022 TNBC patients who received definitive breast surgery from 1999 to 2006 were identified from an institutional database. Among these, 194 patients had node-negative tumors ≤1cm and comprise the study population. Clinical data was abstracted and survival outcomes were analyzed. Results: Median follow-up time was 71 months (range 2–143). Median age at diagnosis was 55.5 years (range 27–84). T stage was T1mic in 16 (8.2%), T1a in 49 (25.3%), T1b in 129 (66.5%). The majority of tumors were poorly differentiated (N= 142, 73%), lacked lymphovascular invasion (N= 170, 87.6%) and were screening-detected (69%, N=134). Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was employed in 129 (66.5%) and mastectomy in 65 (33.5%) patients. 113 (58%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and 123 (63%) received whole breast radiation. Patients who received chemotherapy tended to have more adverse clinical and disease features (younger age,T1b, poor tumor grade; all p&amp;lt;0.05). For the entire group, 5 year local recurrence-free survival was 96% and distant metastasis-free survival was 95%, with no difference in distant relapse rates between T1mic/T1a vs. T1b patients (94.5% vs 95.5%, p=0.81 )or by receipt of chemotherapy (95.9% vs 94.5%, p=0.63). Conclusion: Excellent 5-year locoregional and distant control rates were achievable in patients with TNBC tumors ≤ 1.0 cm, 58% of whom received chemotherapy. These results identify a group of TNBC patients with favorable outcomes following early detection and multimodality treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-13.
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Possibly Induced by Diphenylhydantoin
Authors: John J. Kuiper
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Two entities of presumed immunologic etiology, diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis and a generalized serum sicknesslike illness, were observed simultaneously in a 19-year-old patient receiving diphenylhydantoin sodium (Dilantin). Diphenylhydantoin may well have induced both hypersensitivity phenomena in this patient.