tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sorafenib suppresses postsurgical recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in an orthotopic mouse model
Authors: Yu-Xiong Feng, Tao Wang, Yue-Zhen Deng, Pengyuan Yang, Jing-Jing Li, Dong-Xian Guan, Fan Yao, Yin-Qiu Zhu, Ying Qin, Hui Wang, Nan Li, Meng-Chao Wu, Hong-Yang Wang, Xiao-Fan Wang, Shu-Qun Cheng, Dong Xie
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Surgical resection is the first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with well-preserved liver function. Nevertheless, the rate of postoperative recurrence at 5 years is as high as 70%, and this gravely jeopardizes the therapeutic outcome. Clearly, new approaches are needed for preventing the relapse of this deadly disease. Taking advantage of a luciferase-labeled orthotopic xenograft model of HCC, we examined the role of sorafenib, the first systemic drug approved for advanced HCC patients, in the prevention of HCC recurrence. We found that sorafenib suppressed the development of postsurgical intrahepatic recurrence and abdominal metastasis and consequently led to prolonged postoperative survival of mice in this model. Furthermore, hyperactivity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling caused by elevated levels of growth factors associated with postoperative liver regeneration enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib; this provides a plausible explanation for the observation that recurrent tumors are more responsive to growth inhibition by sorafenib.Our results strongly suggest that by effectively reducing postoperative recurrence, sorafenib has a potential application in early-stage HCC patients who have undergone hepatectomy with curative intention.
Alcoholism Problems and Programs in Hungary, Yugoslavia, Roumania and Bulgaria
Authors: Morris E. Chafetz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN the summer of 1960, the alcoholism programs of Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Soviet Union were examined.1 Poland was reported as suffering extensive alcoholism and inadequate treatment facilities, and attitudes in the Soviet Union, as in the United States, as being moralistic and punitive. Czechoslovakia, on the other hand, was reported to have an antialcoholism effort that is comprehensive and progressive. To extend this survey of alcoholism problems and programs in Eastern Europe, and because the perusal of these programs was very useful for research at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Roumania and Bulgaria were visited in the summer . . .
Healthy But Harmed
Authors: David W. Dowdy
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of sauna therapy on cardiac arrhythmia in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Takashi Kihara, Sadatoshi Biro, Masakazu Imamura, Shiro Yoshifuku, Kunitsugu Takasaki, Yutaka Otsuji, Yoshifumi Toyama, Shinichi Minagoe, Chuwa Tel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Young Children as a Probable Source of Maternal and Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Robert F. Pass, Alan Little, Sergio Stagno, William J. Britt, Charles A. Alford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

To identify possible sources of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women, we studied seven families with a recent case of congenital or maternal cytomegalovirus infection and a history of maternal contact with a young child shedding the virus. We used restriction-endonuclease techniques to compare the DNA of viral isolates collected from family members. Five families contained an infant who had congenital or perinatal infection, a mother who had had evidence of primary infection during her most recent pregnancy, and a child less than three years of age who was excreting cytomegalovirus. All five of the young children attended day-care centers at least part-time. In each of these five families, strains from family members were identical, and it is most likely that the toddler-aged child was the source of the virus for both the mother and the fetus or infant. In two other families, acquisition of cytomegalovirus by children in a day-care center was followed by seroconversion in the mother along with excretion of a strain of the virus identical to that in her child, as demonstrated by restriction-endonuclease analysis. Five of the seven fathers were tested for antibody to cytomegalovirus; four were seronegative, ruling them out as a source of infection in the mothers. These results not only strengthen evidence for the transmission of cytomegalovirus from child to mother but also indicate that infections acquired by a mother from a child can be transmitted to her fetus. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1366–70.)
Ramifications of screening for breast cancer: More debate and better information still needed
Authors: Hazel Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Ramifications of screening for breast cancerSee Research p 689 in 4 cancers detected by mammography are pseudocancersEditor-In this issue Zackrisson et al report on follow-up data from the Malmö mammographic screening trial and conclude that the rate of overdiagnosis of breast cancer was 10%. 1 They do not, however, calculate the risk we believe is most relevant to women considering mammography: What is the chance that a screen detected cancer represents overdiagnosis?After 15 years of follow-up, there were 1320 diagnosed in the screened group and 1205 in the control group (table 1).The excess detection of 115 cancers associated with screening led to their conclusion of an overdiagnosis rate of 10% (115/1205).However, because the intervention had stopped 15 years earlier and yet breast cancer cases continue to accumulate in both groups, the approach understates the risk of overdiagnosis.A more relevant denominator is the number of cancers found in the screened group at the end of the trial-741 (table 2).This addresses the question: Were I found to have cancer after being randomised to screening, how likely is it to represent overdiagnosis?As shown in the figure, using this denominator the risk of overdiagnosis is 15% (115/741).However, many of the cancers detected in the screened group are not detected by screening.They are instead clinically detected (either during the interval between screening examinations or among nonattenders).The most relevant denominator is the number of screen detected cancers found at the end of the trial.This addresses the question: Were I found to have cancer by a mammogram, how likely is it to represent overdiagnosis?Although this denominator is not reported by Zackrisson et al, the original BMJ article describing Malmö reported that 64% of the cancers detected in the screened group were detected by screening mammography. 2Thus one can deduce that the number of screen detected cancers at the end of the trial was about 475.As shown in the figure, using this denominator the risk of overdiagnosis is 24% (115/475).
Incidence and Host Determinants of Probable Occupational Asthma in Apprentices Exposed to Laboratory Animals
Authors: DENYSE GAUTRIN, CLAIRE INFANTE-RIVARD, HEBERTO GHEZZO, JEAN-LUC MALO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Laboratory animal (LA) workers are frequently affected with allergic sensitization and occupational asthma (OA). The role of preexposure host factors, in particular airway responsiveness, on the incidence of OA has not been satisfactorily studied. A prospective cohort study of 417 apprentices in animal-health technology was conducted to investigate the incidence and determinants of probable OA. Questionnaire and skin-prick tests with common and work-specific allergens were administered on entry and at follow-up visits (up to three) from 8 to 44 mo after starting apprenticeship. Responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was assessed at baseline and at follow-up in apprentices who developed a new specific skin sensitization and in control subjects. Preexposure host characteristics and the school attended were compared between cases and all cohort subjects not meeting the criteria for probable OA. Twenty-eight apprentices satisfied the definition for probable OA, i.e., onset of immediate skin reactivity to > 1 occupational inhalant and > 3.2-fold decrease in the provocative concentration causing a 20% reduction in FEV(1) (PC(20)). The incidence of probable OA was 2.7% (28/1,043 person-years). Baseline immediate skin reactivity to pets (rate ratio [RR] 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 to 10.8), and bronchial responsiveness (PC(20) < or = 32 versus PC(20) > 32 mg/ ml) (RR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.0 to 5.8) were associated with an increased risk of probable OA; a lower FEV(1) had an apparent, protective effect (RR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.78). It is concluded that apprentices in animal health show a high incidence of probable OA, and that preexposure airway caliber and responsiveness as well as sensitization to pets are associated with an increased risk.
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Richard Goldin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

An attempt was made to determine whether a relationship exists between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and hyperparathyroidism (HP). Twenty patients with definite AS, studied for biochemical evidence of HP, did not show consistent abnormalities in serum calcium, phosphorus, alkalinephosphatase, or parathyroid hormone levels or in bone-density measurements. Reviewing roentgenograms of 39 patients with HP showed one patient with sacroiliitis, and one of the 28 hyperparathyroid patients tissue-typed as HLA B27-positive. Both AS and HP are independent entities that have no causative or pathological relationship to each other.
Symptomatology and Therapy of Toxicological Emergencies
Authors: Eleanor Berman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Of all the existing medical emergencies, a toxicological emergency, no doubt, arouses the greatest feelings of insecurity in the average practicing physician. First of all, the actual numbers of probable toxic agents involved can be awesome. Second, he is far removed from his basic pharmacology, which probably did not prepare him sufficiently for coping with such situations. Most volumes on toxicological emergencies published during the last decade are less than adequate for their intended purpose. They lack the organization necessary to the physician attempting to handle such emergencies. Some texts bury a few basic pearls of information under masses of data whose importance to the existing problems is questionable. Other texts are approximately as informative as the wall charts distributed by pharmaceutical houses. <i>Symptomatology and Therapy of Toxicological Emergencies</i>by W. B. Deichmann and H. W. Gerarde begins to fill the existing need for a clear, comprehensive, yet concise, reference.
Ear Presentation: Case of Transverse Arrest at the Outlet
Authors: J. G. P. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Our conclusions are that nydrane is of use in the control of chronic grand-mal epilepsy from the point of view both of reducing convulsion rate and of improving the patient's general behaviour. SummaryA series of 25 cases were treated with nydrane over a period of six months.In relation to grand-mal convulsions, 68% improved, 20% showed no change, and 12% were worse.General improvement in behaviour of varying degrees was shown in 32%.Transient renal disturbances were found in some cases.
Ginette Lesley Harrison
Authors: Ann Tonge
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Ginette Harrison, General Practitioner and Mountaineer ( b 1958; q Bristol 1981; MD; MRCGP), died in an avalanche on Mount Dhaulagiri in Nepal on 24 October 1999. She successfully combined her career in medicine with becoming one of the world's leading female high altitude climbers.

Her passion for rock climbing developed on the cliffs of the Avon Gorge while studying medicine at Bristol University. After qualifying she spent two years researching her special interest of high altitude physiology at the University of Colorado, completing her MD in 1988.

In the 1980s she interspersed hospital training posts in Britain with climbing and research expeditions to the Himalayas. The British Bhutan expedition of 1986 extended her high altitude experience over the 7000 m mark and she was leader and Medical …
Radiological prevalence of Paget's disease of bone in British migrants to Australia.
Authors: M J Gardner, P B Guyer, D J Barker
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The radiological prevalence of Paget's disease among migrants from the United Kingdom to Australia was higher than in a comparable Australian resident population but lower than in a British resident population. A probable explanation is that the migrants carry with them the higher UK risk of developing the disease.
Review: Daily aspirin reduces long-term risk for death due to some types of cancer
Authors: Sonal Singh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Rothwell PM, Fowkes FG, Belch JF, et al. Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2011:377:31-41. 21144578
Medical Malpractice in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: David A. Hyman, William M. Sage
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Natural history of ventricular septal defect.
Authors: P J Molloy
Journal: BMJ (1972)

benefit from this type of arrangement.Certainly there is present need to initiate controlled trials to measure the hospital effect on coronary patients.The only other data available,' on an in-hospital but non- randomized trial, indicate that the early re- duction of mortality in the coronary care unit is not sustained over time.It is for these reasons that we have sought professional criticism directed at the specifics of Dr. Mather's trial and with particular reference to any evidence of bias and selection beyond that clearly stated in the pre- liminary report.We have been unable to find any grounds for invalidation of the technique of this study.-I am, etc.,
Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Actuation under Cerebral Physiological Conditions
Authors: Eugene Dariush Daneshvar, Elisabeth Smela
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Conjugated polymer actuators have potential use in implantable neural interface devices for modulating the position of electrode sites within brain tissue or guiding insertion of neural probes along curved trajectories. The actuation of polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) is characterized to ascertain whether it can be employed in the cerebral environment. Microfabricated bilayer beams are electrochemically cycled at either 22 or 37 °C in aqueous NaDBS or in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Nearly all the ions in aCSF are exchanged into the PPy-the cations Na(+) , K(+) , Mg(2+) , Ca(2+) , as well as the anion PO4 (3-) ; Cl(-) is not present. Nevertheless, deflections in aCSF are comparable to those in NaDBS and they are monotonic with oxidation level: strain increases upon reduction, with no reversal of motion despite the mixture of ionic charges and valences being exchanged. Actuation depends on temperature. Upon warming, the cyclic voltammograms show additional peaks and an increase of 70% in the consumed charge. Bending is, however, much less affected: strain increases somewhat (6%-13%) but remains monotonic, and deflections shift (up to 20%). These results show how the actuation environment must be taken into account, and demonstrate proof of concept for actuated implantable neural interfaces.
THE RESTORATION OF THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER
Authors: DEAN LEWIS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In these rapidly changing times, any one who speaks of restoring anything that pertained to the old order may seem to be exceedingly rash. But recently more favorable things have been said of the general practitioner than for some time. During the economic depression he has fared better than the specialist, for more people have discovered that they could be treated in their homes; his overhead has not been high. Many consultants have changed their point of view and have condescended to make house calls. So. as far as medicine is concerned, the economic depression has automatically restored some of the old order. I have never liked the term general practitioner, for the term seems to convey the meaning of a wide, thin spread. Osier in 1897 read a paper before the New York Academy of Medicine entitled "Internal Medicine as a Vocation." in which he said: I wish there
Alopecia Possibly Secondary to Topical Ophthalmic β-Blockers
Authors: F. T. Fraunfelder
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Topical ophthalmic β-blockers are the most commonly used treatment for glaucoma. There are three topical ophthalmic β-blockers available: betaxolol, levobunolol, and timolol. Two of these were among the top 200 most commonly used prescription drugs in 1988. Although these β-adrenergic blocking agents are well tolerated by the majority of patients, side effects account for therapy discontinuance in up to 10% of patients.<sup>1</sup>Side effects caused by systemic β-blockers also have been reported secondary to use of topical ophthalmic β-blockers, since therapeutic levels of plasma timolol have been observed 1 hour after receiving topical ophthalmic timolol.<sup>2,3</sup>Alopecia has been reported in patients who use oral β-blockers.<sup>4-8</sup>This is the first report of alopecia due to use of topical ophthalmic β-blockers. The National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects (Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland) has received reports of 56 cases of alopecia in
764 AVL-181, A POTENT AND SELECTIVE IRREVERSIBLE HCV PROTEASE INHIBITOR, REQUIRES A HELPER AMINO ACID IN THE BINDING MICROENVIRONMENT TO FORM A COVALENT BOND WITH CYS-159
Authors: D. Niu, M. Hagel, L. Qiao, T. St. Martin, M. Sheets, P. Chaturvedi, M. Labenski, M. Nacht, W. Westlin, R.C. Petter, J. Singh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Improved Defibrillation Threshold With a New Epicardial Carbon Electrode Compared With a Standard Epicardial Titanium Patch
Authors: Eckhard U. Alt, Parwis C. Fotuhi, Richard L. Callihan, Dennis L. Rollins, Edgar Mestre, Marty P. Combs, William M. Smith, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Recent studies show that depending on the type of shock morphology used, 5% to 15% of patients requiring implantable defibrillators cannot be treated with a nonthoracotomy system. In these cases, an epicardial patch–based system becomes necessary. In this study, we investigated a newly developed epicardial carbon electrode as an alternative to a standard epicardial titanium patch. Methods and Results A tubular epicardial braided carbon electrode of 7F diameter and 14-cm length applied in a U-shape to the epicardium was compared with a standard left ventricular epicardial 15-cm 2 titanium mesh patch (CPI Inc). As cathode, a CPI endocardial lead, a Medtronic lead, or a carbon-platinum-iridium prototype electrode was used. Ventricular fibrillation was induced with a 60-Hz generator and allowed to continue for 10 seconds before a shock was given. Two different biphasic shock waveforms (3.2/2- and 6/6-millisecond) were delivered by the six electrode configurations. Eight dogs (weight, 24.5±1.3 kg) underwent an up-down defibrillation protocol. The order of testing the epicardial electrodes, the endocardial cathodes, and the waveform was randomized. With the epicardial carbon electrode, the mean defibrillation threshold (DFT) energy decreased 39% to 56% and the voltage decreased 24% to 35% compared with the titanium patch: from 8.3±2.5 to 4.9±3.6 J with the CPI lead and the 3.2/2-millisecond waveform, from 6.2±2.5 to 2.9±2.1 J with the carbon-platinum-iridium prototype, and from 6.4±3.4 J to 3.5±2.6 J with the Medtronic lead ( P ≤.05). The DFT determinations with the 6/6-millisecond biphasic waveform showed a similar trend with slightly higher values. Conclusions Compared with a titanium patch, the new braided epicardial electrode significantly decreases the defibrillation energy requirements. This effect can be maximized by using an endocardial carbon-platinum-iridium prototype as cathode and a short duration biphasic waveform.