tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding minds and selves
Authors: R. Peter Hobson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Barresi &amp; Moore provide a welcome focus on children's abilities to integrate first and third person information about intentional relations but they pay insufficient attention to the origins of children's understanding of the nature of subjective orientations vis-à-vis a shared world and the potential significance of such understanding as a source (rather than an outcome) of domain-general information-processing capacities.
Bariatric surgery for obesity and metabolic conditions in adults
Authors: D. E. Arterburn, A. P. Courcoulas
Journal: BMJ (2014)

This review summarizes recent evidence related to the safety, efficacy, and metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery to guide clinical decision making. Several short term randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of bariatric procedures for inducing weight loss and initial remission of type 2 diabetes. Observational studies have linked bariatric procedures with long term improvements in body weight, type 2 diabetes, survival, cardiovascular events, incident cancer, and quality of life. Perioperative mortality for the average patient is low but varies greatly across subgroups. The incidence of major complications after surgery also varies widely, and emerging data show that some procedures are associated with a greater risk of substance misuse disorders, suicide, and nutritional deficiencies. More research is needed to enable long term outcomes to be compared across various procedures and subpopulations, and to identify those most likely to benefit from surgical intervention. Given uncertainties about the balance between the risks and benefits of bariatric surgery in the long term, the decision to undergo surgery should be based on a high quality shared decision making process.
Synchronous multifocal osteosarcoma: Results in twelve patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and simultaneous resection of all involved bones
Authors: G. Bacci, P. Picci, S. Ferrari, M. Mercuri, A. Briccoli, D. Donati, M. Manfrini, A. Zanoni, C. Forni, M. Campanacci
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)
Moutaz Mohamed Ahmed Siddig
Authors: Jane Hussey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Consultant in genitourinary medicine Sunderland Royal Hospital (b 1965; q Khartoum, Sudan, 1991; MRCP, Dip GU Med), died from a pulmonary embolism on 13 March 2004.

Moutaz Siddig came to the United Kingdom and initially he worked as a medical senior house officer in Scarborough. After obtaining the MRCP he entered specialist registrar training in genitourinary medicine at Sunderland Royal Hospital in 1999. He became interested in cervical cytology screening in HIV positive women and carried out research in this field. Just a few weeks before his death he was successfully interviewed for a permanent position as consultant in Sunderland. He leaves a wife, Hakima, and two children.
Patient-Reported Quality of Supportive Care Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Michelle van Ryn, Sean M. Phelan, Neeraj K. Arora, David A. Haggstrom, George L. Jackson, S. Yousuf Zafar, Joan M. Griffin, Leah L. Zullig, Dawn Provenzale, Mark W. Yeazel, Rahul M. Jindal, Steven B. Clauser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

High-quality supportive care is an essential component of comprehensive cancer care. We implemented a patient-centered quality of cancer care survey to examine and identify predictors of quality of supportive care for bowel problems, pain, fatigue, depression, and other symptoms among 1,109 patients with colorectal cancer.
Renal Baroreceptor Control of Acute Renin Release in Normotensive, Nephrogenic and Neurogenic Hypertensive Dogs
Authors: SANDFORD L. SKINNER, JAMES W. MCCUBBIN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

Graded reductions in mean renal perfusion pressure cause kidneys of normotensive, renal, and neurogenic hypertensive dogs to release renin. In anesthetized normal dogs with mean resting pressures of 110 to 150 mm Hg, increased renin secretion occurred at renal perfusion pressures of 90 to 120 mm Hg. In dogs hypertensive from constriction of a renal artery, pressure beyond the constriction was within the normal range, and lowering of renal perfusion pressure caused release in the same range as in normal dogs. In dogs with neurogenic hypertension due to section of the carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves, return was released at perfusion pressures within, or only slightly above, the normal range. In sharp contrast with these three groups, renin was released in dogs with hypertension due to perinephritis at mean pressures of 140 to 165 mm Hg when lowered from resting levels of 180 to 220 mm Hg. This different range could depend either upon reduced intrarenal pressure which mimicks the effects of a renal artery clamp or upon a change in range of response of the renal baroreceptor due to some more direct effect of the perinephritic hull. No evidence was found that the renal baroreceptor control of renin secretion is nonfunctional in dogs with renal hypertension.
Lenalidomide and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: safety and efficacy
Authors: R. Baz, E. Walker, M.A. Karam, T.K. Choueiri, R.A. Jawde, K. Bruening, J. Reed, B. Faiman, Y. Ellis, C. Brand, G. Srkalovic, S. Andresen, R. Knight, J. Zeldis, M.A. Hussein
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Migraine--general management.
Authors: J D Carroll
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Few conditions in medicine are so unpredictable in their response to treatment as migraine.The disorder is difficult to control in some patients, but nevertheless good results can be obtained if the problem is approached in a systematic and energetic manner.Nevertheless, before I start a detailed analysis of the therapeutic measures which are available, it should be noted that spontaneous remissions may be encountered.Not only may these last for some considerable time but they may then be succeeded by a period of greatly increased activity.It is also well known that when a patient is seen for the first time by a doctor who shows interest and is sympathetic to his problem, spontaneous remission may occur, even without any change of treatment.
Salicylate and Salicyl Conjugates: Fluorimetric Estimation, Biosynthesis and Renal Excretion in Man1
Authors: David Schachter, James G. Manis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

Three urinary salicyl conjugates account for over 80 per cent of salicylate ingested by a normal subject excreting acid urine (1-4).The metabo- lites, which are estimated by specific methods, are salicylurate, salicyl acyl glucuronide, and salicyl phenolic glucuronide (1).Alkaline urines also contain the same conjugates plus variable amounts of salicylate (5-8).With the existing methods, only salicylate has been detected in human plasma (9).It has been suggested, therefore, that the salicyl conjugates are formed within the kidney in man ( 7).The present report describes sensitive, fluori- metric methods for the specific estimation of sali- cylate and each of its principal metabolites in plasma and urine.With these methods, the salicyl conjugates have been detected and estimated in the plasma of normal subjects given a single oral dose of salicylate and values for the renal clearance of each compound obtained.The clearances do not appear to exceed the renal plasma flow, suggesting that salicylate conjugation is mainly extra- renal in man.In addition, the renal clearance values yield information concerning the mecha- nisms for the urinary excretion of conjugated and unconjugated salicylate. METHODS AND MATERIALSDrug experiments.The experiments were conducted in 21 normal male subjects, aged 14 to 63, including 17 medical students, resident physicians, and technicians, aged 22 to 35.The group included 17 white subjects, 3 Negroes, and 1 Chinese.During the experiments the subjects drank sufficient water to maintain urine flows greater than 1 ml.per minute; otherwise their diets and activities were unrestricted.Sodium salicylate powder, 0.4 millimole per kilogram body weight to a maximal dose of 4.0 grams, was given in one oral dose, either in solution or in gelatin capsules.
Twelve-year longitudinal study of respiratory status in dairy farmers
Authors: M. Gainet, I. Thaon, V. Westeel, H. Chaudemanche, A. G. Venier, A. Dubiez, J. J. Laplante, J-C. Dalphin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

To evaluate respiratory risk in dairy farmers, the present authors conducted a longitudinal study in the Doubs region of France. From a cohort constituted in 1986 (T1), 157 (62.8%) dairy farmers and 159 (63.6%) controls were re-evaluated in 1998 (T3). The study protocol comprised a medical and occupational questionnaire, spirometric tests at both evaluations, and noninvasive measure of blood oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry ( S p,O 2 ) at T3. In 1998, the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was higher in dairy farmers. In cross-sectional analyses, all respiratory function parameters and S p,O 2 were significantly lower in dairy farmers. In a multiple linear regression model, farming, age, male sex and smoking were significantly and negatively correlated with S p,O 2 . However, the mean annual decline in respiratory function parameters did not differ significantly between groups. After adjustment of covariables, accelerated decline in vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second was associated with age, smoking and male sex. Decline in vital capacity was accelerated in dairy farmers working in traditional farms and those currently foddering. The current study demonstrates that dairy farming is associated with an increased risk of lung disorders and a decrease in blood oxygen saturation and suggests that respiratory function impairment is correlated with cumulated exposure to organic dusts.
The PAM50 Risk-of-Recurrence Score Predicts Risk for Late Distant Recurrence after Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Endocrine-Responsive Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Martin Filipits, Torsten O. Nielsen, Margaretha Rudas, Richard Greil, Herbert Stöger, Raimund Jakesz, Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath, Otto Dietze, Peter Regitnig, Christine Gruber-Rossipal, Elisabeth Müller-Holzner, Christian F. Singer, Brigitte Mlineritsch, Peter Dubsky, Thomas Bauernhofer, Michael Hubalek, Michael Knauer, Harald Trapl, Christian Fesl, Carl Schaper, Sean Ferree, Shuzhen Liu, J. Wayne Cowens, Michael Gnant
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: To assess the prognostic value of the PAM50 risk-of-recurrence (ROR) score on late distant recurrence (beyond 5 years after diagnosis and treatment) in a large cohort of postmenopausal, endocrine-responsive breast cancer patients. Experimental Design: The PAM50 assay was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded whole-tumor sections of patients who had been enrolled in the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 8 (ABCSG-8). RNA expression levels of the PAM50 genes were determined centrally using the nCounter Dx Analysis System. Late distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) was analyzed using Cox models adjusted for clinical and pathologic parameters. Results: PAM50 analysis was successfully performed in 1,246 ABCSG-8 patients. PAM50 ROR score and ROR-based risk groups provided significant additional prognostic information with respect to late DRFS compared with a combined score of clinical factors alone (ROR score: ΔLRχ2 15.32, P &amp;lt; 0.001; ROR-based risk groups: ΔLRχ2 14.83, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Between years 5 and 15, we observed an absolute risk of distant recurrence of 2.4% in the low ROR-based risk group, as compared with 17.5% in the high ROR-based risk group. The DRFS differences according to the PAM50 ROR score were observed for both node-positive and node-negative disease. Conclusion: PAM50 ROR score and ROR-based risk groups can differentiate patients with breast cancer with respect to their risk for late distant recurrence beyond what can be achieved with established clinicopathologic risk factors. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1298–305. ©2014 AACR.
IMMUNOLOGIC RELATION OF STREPTOCOCCAL AND TISSUE ANTIGENS
Authors: Melvin H. Kaplan, Mary Louise Suchy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Further evidence of a cross-reactive relationship between a cell wall antigen of certain Group A streptococcal strains and mammalian heart tissue is provided by the demonstration that goat antisera to washed human or rabbit heart tissue homogenates exhibit precipitation with cell wall extract preparations. A single line of precipitation was observed in agar gel diffusion tests. Precipitating activity of goat antiheart sera was related to the gamma-globulin fraction in zone electrophoresis. The cell wall antigen was demonstrated in cell wall extracts of a Type 5 and Type 19 but not of a Type 12 strain. Antigenic activity was concentrated in the same neutral salt and chromatographic fractions of acid extracts of cell wall previously reported to exhibit this activity by immunofluorescent inhibition of the cross-reaction of antistreptococcal serum with heart tissue.
Effect of Azithromycin Maintenance Treatment on Infectious Exacerbations Among Patients With Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Authors: Josje Altenburg, Casper S. de Graaff, Ymkje Stienstra, Jacobus H. Sloos, Eric H. J. van Haren, Ralph J. H. Koppers, Tjip S. van der Werf, Wim G. Boersma
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Macrolide antibiotics have been shown beneficial in cystic fibrosis (CF) and diffuse panbronchiolitis, and earlier findings also suggest a benefit in non-CF bronchiectasis.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the efficacy of macrolide maintenance treatment for adults with non-CF bronchiectasis.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>The BAT (Bronchiectasis and Long-term Azithromycin Treatment) study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between April 2008 and September 2010 in 14 hospitals in the Netherlands among 83 outpatients with non-CF bronchiectasis and 3 or more lower respiratory tract infections in the preceding year.<h3>Interventions</h3>Azithromycin (250 mg daily) or placebo for 12 months.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Number of infectious exacerbations during 12 months of treatment. Secondary end points included lung function, sputum bacteriology, inflammatory markers, adverse effects, symptom scores, and quality of life.<h3>Results</h3>Forty-three participants (52%) received azithromycin and 40 (48%) received placebo and were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. At end of study, the median number of exacerbations in the azithromycin group was 0 (interquartile range [IQR], 0-1), compared with 2 (IQR, 1-3) in the placebo group (P &lt; .001). Thirty-two (80%) placebo-treated vs 20 (46%) azithromycin-treated individuals had at least 1 exacerbation (hazard ratio, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.16-0.51]). In a mixed-model analysis, change in forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (percent of predicted) over time differed between groups (F<sub>1,78.8</sub> = 4.085, P = .047), with an increase of 1.03% per 3 months in the azithromycin group and a decrease of 0.10% per 3 months in the placebo group. Gastrointestinal adverse effects occurred in 40% of patients in the azithromycin group and in 5% in the placebo group (relative risk, 7.44 [95% CI, 0.97-56.88] for abdominal pain and 8.36 [95% CI, 1.10-63.15] for diarrhea) but without need for discontinuation of study treatment. A macrolide resistance rate of 88% was noted in azithromycin-treated individuals, compared with 26% in the placebo group.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Among adults with non-CF bronchiectasis, the daily use of azithromycin for 12 months compared with placebo resulted in a lower rate of infectious exacerbations. This could result in better quality of life and might influence survival, although effects on antibiotic resistance need to be considered.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00415350
Mitochondrial dynamic abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Zhen Jiang, Wenzhang Wang, George Perry, Xiongwei Zhu, Xinglong Wang
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. Currently, there is no cure or effective treatment for ALS and the cause of disease is unknown in the majority of ALS cases. Neuronal mitochondria dysfunction is one of the earliest features of ALS. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo continuous fission, fusion, trafficking and turnover, all of which contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial function. Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics have been repeatedly reported in ALS and increasing evidence suggests altered mitochondrial dynamics as possible pathomechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. Here, we provide an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic abnormalities observed in ALS, and discuss the possibility of targeting mitochondrial dynamics as a novel therapeutic approach for ALS.
Failure of Chloramphenicol in a Chronic Typhoid Carrier
Authors: Henry B. Stryker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE recent introduction of the new antibiotic, chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin), has led to clinical trials in acute typhoid fever and in the chronic carrier state. Woodward and his associates1 reported a beneficial effect in acute typhoid fever. The initial oral dose was 50 mg. per kilogram of body weight, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.25 gm. every three or four hours, this dosage level being gradually reduced as the temperature fell by lysis. Similarly encouraging results have been recorded and appear impressive.2 3 4 A survey of the literature reveals that the several case reports dealing with the treatment of the chronic . . .
Regression of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma After<i>Chlamydia Psittaci</i>–Eradicating Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Andrés J.M. Ferreri, Maurilio Ponzoni, Massimo Guidoboni, Carlo De Conciliis, Antonio Giordano Resti, Benedetta Mazzi, Antonia Anna Lettini, Judit Demeter, Stefania Dell'Oro, Claudio Doglioni, Eugenio Villa, Mauro Boiocchi, Riccardo Dolcetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Some infectious agents contributing to lymphomagenesis have been considered targets for new therapeutic strategies. Chlamydia psittaci DNA has been detected in 80% of ocular adnexal lymphomas. The present pilot study was carried out to assess whether C psittaci-eradicating antibiotic therapy is associated with tumor regression in ocular adnexal lymphomas.Nine patients with C psittaci-positive marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of the ocular adnexa at diagnosis or relapse were treated with doxycycline 100 mg, bid orally, for 3 weeks. The presence of C psittaci DNA in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also assessed before and after treatment in seven patients. Objective lymphoma regression was assessed 1, 3, and 6 months after therapy conclusion and every 6 months during follow-up.All patients completed antibiotic therapy with excellent tolerability. At 1 month from doxycycline assumption, chlamydial DNA was no longer detectable in PBMCs of all four positive patients. Objective response was complete in two patients, partial response (> 50%) was observed in two patients, and minimal response (< 50%) was observed in three patients. Duration of response in the seven responders was 12+, 29+, 31+, 8+, 7+, 2+, and 1+ months, respectively.C psittaci-eradicating antibiotic therapy with doxycycline is followed by objective response in patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma, even after multiple relapses of the disease. A confirmatory, large, phase II trial is warranted to confirm whether this fast, cheap, and well-tolerated therapy could replace other more aggressive strategies as first-line treatment against ocular adnexal lymphomas.
Association between PM10 and decrements in peak expiratory flow rates in children: reanalysis of data from five panel studies
Authors: G Hoek, DW Dockery, A Pope, L Neas, W Roemer, B Brunekreef
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Panel studies have found 1-3% increases in reports of acute respiratory symptoms associated with each 10 microg x m(-3) increase in ambient concentrations of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM10). Statistically significant decrements in population mean peak expiratory flow (PEF) have also been observed but their magnitude is only about 0.1% for the same exposure. This study evaluated whether this difference is due to the different measurement scales used for the expression of the effects of air pollution on PEF and respiratory symptoms. The association between the prevalence of large decrements in PEF (more than 10% or 20% below the median) and PM10 concentrations was analysed using data from five recent panel studies. The effect estimates were compared to the effect estimates from original studies based on the population mean PEF. The decrement in the population mean PEF for an increase of 10 microg x m(-3) of the same-day PM10 concentration was 0.07%, averaged over all panels. A significant relative increase of 2.7% (95% confidence interval 1.6-3.8) in the prevalence of PEF decrements greater than 10% was associated with the same exposure. In conclusion, defining the peak expiratory flow response by the prevalence of large decrements provides effect estimates of a comparable magnitude to effect estimates for the prevalence of reports of acute lower respiratory symptoms.
Comparison of annual versus twice-yearly mass azithromycin treatment for hyperendemic trachoma in Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Teshome Gebre, Berhan Ayele, Mulat Zerihun, Asrat Genet, Nicole E Stoller, Zhaoxia Zhou, Jenafir I House, Sun N Yu, Kathryn J Ray, Paul M Emerson, Jeremy D Keenan, Travis C Porco, Thomas M Lietman, Bruce D Gaynor
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Guidelines 2000 for Colon and Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: H. Nelson, N. Petrelli, A. Carlin, J. Couture, J. Fleshman, J. Guillem, B. Miedema, D. Ota, D. Sargent
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Oncologic resection techniques affect outcome for colon cancer and rectal cancer, but standardized guidelines have not been adopted. The National Cancer Institute sponsored a panel of experts to systematically review current literature and to draft guidelines that provide uniform definitions, principles, and practices. Methods: Methods were similar to those described by the American Society of Clinical Oncology in developing practice guidelines. Experts representing oncology and surgery met to review current literature on oncologic resection techniques for level of evidence (I–V, where I is the best evidence and V is the least compelling) and grade of recommendation (A–D, where A is based on the best evidence and D is based on the weakest evidence). Initial guidelines were drafted, reviewed, and accepted by consensus. Results: For the following seven factors, the level of evidence was II, III, or IV, and the findings were generally consistent (grade B): anatomic definition of colon versus rectum, tumor–node–metastasis staging, radial margins, adjuvant R0 stage, inadvertent rectal perforation, distal and proximal rectal margins, and en bloc resection of adherent tumors. For another seven factors, the level of evidence was II, III, or IV, but findings were inconsistent (grade C): laparoscopic colectomy; colon lymphadenectomy; level of proximal vessel ligation, mesorectal excision, and extended lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (all three for rectal cancer); no-touch technique; and bowel washout. For the other four factors, there was little or no systematic empirical evidence (grade D): abdominal exploration, oophorectomy, extent of colon resection, and total length of rectum resected. Conclusions: The panel reports surgical guidelines and definitions based on the best available evidence. The availability of more standardized information in the future should allow for more grade A recommendations.