tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Hormone Testing of Pseudopregnancy Induced by Phrenotropic Drugs
Authors: John C. Saunders
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THERE ARE A NUMBER OF KNOWN APPROACHES for determining significant neural factors in ovarian functioning. In this study we used one, the neuropharmacological, to follow the possible effects of phrenotropic drugs on the ovarian cycle and on response to a hormone preparation used for diagnosing pregnancy. Our immediate objective was to determine the accuracy of the oral hormone preparation which is a mixture of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol (Gestest) on patients with amenorrhea resulting from their taking phrenotropic drugs. The term phrenotropic is used to describe those pharmacological agents, such as tranquilizers, antidepressives, and psychotomimetics, which have an effect on mental processes. In this study, phenothiazine tranquilizers were supplemented by adjunctive therapy.  Current concepts of cyclic changes in the ovary are basically similar to those formulated 30 yr ago when Moore and Price1postulated that ovarian function resulted from hormonal interaction between this organ and the pituitary and
China, rest of medical world share replantation data
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In 1963, sequestered from the international medical community and its accumulated expertise, Chen Chung-Wei, MD, performed the world's first successful replantation of a severed hand at Number Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Now Number Six People's Hospital is one of five replantation centers in that country. Since 1973, also, Chinese surgeons have been in communication with surgeons from other countries. Consequently, they have paid more attention to microsurgery than in the past, when they were using only low-power magnification. Chen, who heads the orthopedic department and is deputy director of the hospital, reported on his work at the recent Joint International Surgical Conference in San Francisco. Increasing use of microsurgery in China, Chen said, has raised the survival rate for limb replantations from about 50% to about 90%. The first instrument used for replantations in China was a jeweler's loop. Sun Lee, MD, professor of experimental surgery
Benign Oral Disease as a Cause of False-Positive Iodine-131 Scans
Authors: SURJIT S. WADHWA, ROBERT MANSBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Post-thyroidectomy I-131 whole-body scintigraphy is an important aspect in the management of patients with thyroid cancer. The scan is used to detect residual thyroid tissue and distant functioning metastases. Extrathyroid I-131 accumulation does not always denote metastatic disease, and several potential sources of false-positive I-131 scans have been identified. This report presents four cases of benign oral disease as a cause of false-positive I-131 uptake. Benign oral disease has not been documented previously as an important source of false-positive I-131 whole-body scans.
Teaching Interviewing and Interpersonal Skills-Reply
Authors: Gretchen Volk
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate Dr Phillips' comments. We agree that the teaching and assessment of IPS require precise definition. Our survey data suggest that a minority of US medical school courses consistently define skills: one third of introductory courses use a standardized interview evaluation tool; 20% of course directors ranked "behaviorally defined skills to be taught" as one of the top four educational principles used in their courses. Lack of clarity and agreement on the nature of skills to be taught and lack of formal assessment can lead to ineffective learning. It would certainly be useful to have more extensive data on the variety of skills taught and the nature of the teaching experiences. Our preliminary data suggest, though, that many medical schools could substantially improve their IPS education. While there are many nuances in effective teaching, general educational principles guide instruction in a variety of IPS.<sup>1</sup>Furthermore, the
Interferon-γ and Lipopolysaccharide Potentiate Monocyte Tissue Factor Induction by C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Akihiro Nakagomi, S. Ben Freedman, Carolyn L. Geczy
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Elevated plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in population studies and in patients with unstable coronary syndromes are predictive of future adverse events, including cardiac death and myocardial infarction, implicating inflammation in pathogenesis. Although CRP is considered a marker of inflammation, it induces monocyte tissue factor (TF) and may play a prothrombotic role in atherosclerosis and its complications. Methods and Results —Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 79 healthy men and women aged 26 to 83 years and 21 healthy postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were stimulated with CRP, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon-γ (IFN), or their combination. Levels of CRP in the normal range (1 to 5 μg/mL) increased basal monocyte TF 4- to 6-fold and 40-fold at higher concentrations (25 μg/mL). Coincubation of LPS with CRP produced a greater-than-additive response. IFN did not induce TF but synergized with CRP to approximately double activity. There was a striking positive correlation between age and monocyte TF induction, with a dramatic rise on monocytes from postmenopausal women that was not apparent on cells from women taking HRT. Conclusions —Synergy between CRP and inflammatory mediators may play a direct prothrombotic role in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and its acute complications by increasing monocyte/macrophage TF. This may contribute to age and sex differences in coronary events and to the protective effects of HRT.
Ertapenem versus ceftriaxone and metronidazole as treatment for complicated intra-abdominal infections
Authors: Narcisco S. Navarro, Maria I. Campos, Ramon Alvarado, Nora Quintero, Frank J. Branicki, Junmin Wei, Malathi Shivaprakash, France Vrijens, Hilde Giezek, Christina Y. Chan, Mark J. DiNubile
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2005)
Inhibitory Effects of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists and Aspirin on the Release of Soluble CD40 Ligand During Platelet Stimulation
Authors: Lisa Nannizzi-Alaimo, Veronica L. Alves, David R. Phillips
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists inhibit platelet aggregation, an activity attributed to the clinical benefits of these drugs in settings that involve acute coronary thrombosis. However, platelet activation and subsequent aggregation are now known to cause the release of a soluble form of CD40 ligand (sCD40L), a prothrombotic and proinflammatory protein with GP IIb/IIIa binding activity and an established role in atherosclerotic lesion progression. The present study was designed to determine what effect GP IIb/IIIa antagonists have on the release of sCD40L.Doses of eptifibatide, abciximab, and tirofiban that inhibited platelet aggregation by at least 80% also inhibited sCD40L release in vitro (by 85%, 57%, and 80%, respectively). When platelets were stimulated with a thrombin receptor agonist, inhibition by GP IIb/IIIa antagonists occurred without affecting the release of betaTG, an alpha-granule protein. Unexpectedly, concentrations of the 3 antagonists that blocked aggregation by only 20% to 50% potentiated the release of sCD40L (by 19% to 26%). Platelets from aspirin-treated individuals were partially protected from sCD40L release, but only when the agonist was collagen, an affect augmented by the addition of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists.These studies suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the clinical benefits of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists (at doses that optimally inhibit aggregation) and of aspirin may not be limited to the inhibition of thrombosis through their blockade of platelet aggregation but may also involve the inhibition of inflammation and thrombosis through their blockade of sCD40L release. These studies also provide a mechanism by which suboptimal doses of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists may be proinflammatory.
P3-10-04: Halting Early Breast Cancer Progression with Omega-3 Ethyl Esters: Altering Tumor Microenvironment in 21T Series Cell Lines.
Authors: CH Chen, ME Rhodes, C Fabian, SD Hursting, LA deGraffenried
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Observable infiltration of immune cells in stages of early breast cancer progression mirrors two recently conceptualized factors of carcinogenesis: tumor microenvironment and tumor-promoting inflammation. Clinical studies using immunohistochemical staining for CD45 in patient-derived breast tissue demonstrate the involvement of leukocytes in breast cancer development, but the lack of an appropriate in vitro model has hindered molecular studies thus far. However, the 21T series cell lines effectively mimic breast cancer progression. This cell line series was obtained from the same breast cancer patient and consists of three cell lines representing atypical hyperplasia (21PT), ductal carcinoma in situ (21NT) and invasive carcinoma (21MT-1). This unique cell line series is used in our molecular study of omega-3 ethyl esters as breast cancer preventive agents. Preliminary invasion assays have described varying degrees of monocyte recruitment according to stages of progression. 21PT cells when plated on the bottom chamber failed to mobilize monocytes as effectively as 21NT or 21MT-1 and the addition of omega-3 ethyl esters suppressed the baseline invasion capacity of monocytes by 30%. Epidemiologic studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids can act as potent cancer preventive agents and are possibly more potent when used in an ethyl ester form. Based on this, we hypothesize that omega-3 ethyl esters may prohibit early breast cancer progression through inhibiting immune cell infiltration and disrupting the formation of a tumor-promoting inflammatory and oxidative microenvironment. Phenotypic studies aim to interrogate the effect of omega-3 ethyl esters on tumor microenvironment including chemokine secretion and MMP production whereas molecular experiments probe into the importance of the Wnt pathway as a key player in the transition from ADH to DCIS. This study will demonstrate how omega-3 ethyl esters may function as breast cancer preventive agents as well as provides a model of study to test the efficacy of cancer preventive agents in vitro. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-04.
Ozone’s Impact on Public Health: Contributions from Indoor Exposures to Ozone and Products of Ozone-Initiated Chemistry
Authors: Charles J. Weschler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

ObjectiveThe associations between ozone concentrations measured outdoors and both morbidity and mortality may be partially due to indoor exposures to ozone and ozone-initiated oxidation products. In this article I examine the contributions of such indoor exposures to overall ozone-related health effects by extensive review of the literature as well as further analyses of published data.FindingsDaily inhalation intakes of indoor ozone (micrograms per day) are estimated to be between 25 and 60% of total daily ozone intake. This is especially noteworthy in light of recent work indicating little, if any, threshold for ozone’s impact on mortality. Additionally, the present study estimates that average daily indoor intakes of ozone oxidation products are roughly one-third to twice the indoor inhalation intake of ozone alone. Some of these oxidation products are known or suspected to adversely affect human health (e.g., formaldehyde, acrolein, hydroperoxides, fine and ultrafine particles). Indirect evidence supports connections between morbidity/mortality and exposures to indoor ozone and its oxidation products. For example, cities with stronger associations between outdoor ozone and mortality tend to have residences that are older and less likely to have central air conditioning, which implies greater transport of ozone from outdoors to indoors.ConclusionsIndoor exposures to ozone and its oxidation products can be reduced by filtering ozone from ventilation air and limiting the indoor use of products and materials whose emissions react with ozone. Such steps might be especially valuable in schools, hospitals, and childcare centers in regions that routinely experience elevated outdoor ozone concentrations.
Pyruvate kinase deficiency in dog and human erythrocytes: Effects of energy depletion on cation composition and cellular hydration
Authors: Aixa Muller‐Soyano, Orah Platt, Bertil E. Glader
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Pyruvate kinase-(PK) deficient human reticulocytes incubated 4 hr under conditions where mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited become ATP-depleted. Concomitantly, these energy-depleted red blood cells (RBC) lose massive amounts of potassium and water. PK-deficient reticulocyte-rich RBC from a Basenji dog, incubated under the same conditions, also manifest ATP-depletion and K-loss. In contrast to the cation changes in human cells, however, K-loss in PK-deficient dog reticulocyte-rich RBC is balanced by an equivalent Na gain, and consequently these canine erythrocytes do not undergo any change in cellular hydration. Potassium depletion and dehydration, which may be related to membrane injury in human RBC, do not appear to be involved in the hemolysis of PK-deficient dog erythrocytes.
Bewertung und Einschränkung des Risikos bei der Laparoskopie: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage
Authors: G. Rettenmaier
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

The results of an inquiry on peritoneoscopy are reported. 40 physicians and hospitals with special experience answered questions on selection of patients and contraindications, on risks and obligatory screening examinations (e.g. coagulation-tests, ECG, X-ray-examinations), on premedication and their side-effects, on their particular technique of examination and on post-peritoneoscopy supervision.
Peg1/Mest imprinted gene on chromosome 6 identified by cDNA subtraction hybridization
Authors: Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, Yoshimi Kuroiwa, Naoki Miyoshi, Takashi Kohda, Rika Suzuki, Minesuke Yokoyama, Stéphane Viville, Sheila C. Barton, Fumitoshi Ishino, M. Azim Surani
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Comparison of Technetium-99m Tetrofosmin and Thallium-201 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging for Detection of Myocardial Perfusion Defects in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hany Shanoudy, Paolo Raggi, George A Beller, Adel Soliman, E.Gifford Ammermann, Robert J Kastner, Denny D Watson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The Reversal of Anticholinergic Drug-Induced Delirium and Coma with Physostigmine
Authors: JON F. HEISER, JOHN C. GILLIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Although its use for this purpose is not well recognized, physostigmine provides an effective and safe treatment for delirium and coma caused by anticholinergic agents such as atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine. The authors summarize the supporting evidence and outline a recommended procedure.
Specific IgE antibodies to peanut in western Sweden – has the occurrence of peanut allergy increased without an increase in consumption?
Authors: J. Van Odijk, S. Ahlstedt, U. Bengtsson, L. Hulthén, M.P. Borres
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Sensitization to peanut has seldom been investigated in Sweden. Therefore, all IgE‐specific tests for peanut during a 5‐year period were reviewed to study the relation between the levels of specific IgE antibody to peanut and age, sex, symptoms, and other atopic manifestations. Methods: All serum samples were analyzed for IgE antibodies to peanut in relation to sex, age, clinical reactions, and other food allergens. A subgroup was asked to answer a questionnaire about symptoms and atopic manifestations in relation to IgE antibody levels. Results: During the study period, 2417 tests were made for peanut. There was an increased prevalence of detectable IgE antibodies during the years studied. More than 80 individuals under 2 years of age were sensitized to peanut. In the subgroup, individuals with detectable IgE antibodies reported a shorter reaction time after eating peanuts than individuals with normal IgE antibody levels ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions: The reaction pattern to peanuts in Sweden is similar to that in many other countries despite a reported steady and low consumption. The severity of symptoms was connected to age and IgE antibody level. Patients with normal or low IgE antibody levels were not always free of symptoms even though their risk of allergic symptoms was reduced.
Parathyroid Surgery in Elderly Patients
Authors: URIEL S. BARZEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1983Parathyroid Surgery in Elderly PatientsURIEL S. BARZEL, M.D.URIEL S. BARZEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-114_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his letter on mild hyperparathyroidism (1), Mallette reports a consensus among physicians and investigators in a recent workshop on hyperparathyroidism that surgery is the treatment of choice when the diagnosis is firmly established, the patient has a low operative risk, and an experienced parathyroid surgeon is available. Mallette goes on to state, however, that he does not recommend surgery in older patients.We compared the results of parathyroid exploration in a group of elderly patients (65 years old or older) with the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism with those in a younger group (64 years old or younger)...References1. MALLETTE L. Mild hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:622-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LIFSCHITZBARZEL BU. Parathyroid surgery in the aged. J Gerontol. 1981;36:573-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Statistical Bulletin of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. 1978; July-September: 9. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEndocrinology in agingPrimary Hyperparathyroidism and Delirium in The ElderlyParticularités de l'hyperparathyroïdie primitive du sujet âgé 1 January 1983Volume 98, Issue 1Page: 114-115KeywordsElderlyHyperparathyroidismParathyroidRisk managementSurgeonsSurgery Issue Published: 1 January 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Self-Efficacy in Adolescent Girls and Boys With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hildreth Youkilis Grossman, Stuart Brink, Stuart T Hauser
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) face increasing responsibilities for managing their own treatment. For some, implementing their treatment regimen enhances diabetes selfefficacy beliefs because they welcome the chance to exert control over their illness. Other adolescent patients, however, feel overwhelmed and helpless. We developed the self-efficacy for diabetes scale (SED) with a sample of adolescent boys (n = 34) and girls (n = 34) with IDDM. High reliability (internal consistency) and evidence for criterion validity were obtained for this measure, because SED scores predicted metabolic control. In addition, construct validity was established, because SED scores were related to theoretically relevant measures of locus of control and self-esteem. Although they showed similar expectancies for diabetes self-efficacy, girls had significantly positive correlations between their SED scores and metabolic control, whereas boys did not. We offer a new instrument for studying adolescent patient perceptions and physical health.
Determinant capture as a possible mechanism of protection afforded by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in autoimmune disease.
Authors: H Deng, R Apple, M Clare-Salzler, S Trembleau, D Mathis, L Adorini, E Sercarz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

How peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II complexes are naturally generated is still unknown, but accumulating evidence suggests that unfolding proteins or long peptides can become bound to class II molecules at the dominant determinant before proteolytic cleavage. We have compared the immunogenicity of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) in nonobese diabetic (NOD), (NOD x BALB/c)F1, and E(d) alpha transgenic NOD mice. We find that a response to the subdominant ANOD-restricted determinant disappears upon introduction of an E(d) molecule, and is restored when scission of HEL separates this determinant from its adjoining, competitively dominant, E(d)-restricted determinant. This suggests that the E(d) molecule binds and protects its dominant determinant on a long peptide while captured neighboring determinants are lost during proteolysis. These results provide clear evidence for "determinant capture" as a mechanism of determinant selection during antigen processing and a possible explanation for MHC-protective effects in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Why we need observational studies to evaluate the effectiveness of health care
Authors: N Black
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The view is widely held that experimental methods (randomised controlled trials) are the "gold standard" for evaluation and that observational methods (cohort and case control studies) have little or no value. This ignores the limitations of randomised trials, which may prove unnecessary, inappropriate, impossible, or inadequate. Many of the problems of conducting randomised trials could often, in theory, be overcome, but the practical implications for researchers and funding bodies mean that this is often not possible. The false conflict between those who advocate randomised trials in all situations and those who believe observational data provide sufficient evidence needs to be replaced with mutual recognition of the complementary roles of the two approaches. Researchers should be united in their quest for scientific rigour in evaluation, regardless of the method used.
Doctors' knowledge of radiation exposures is deficient
Authors: K Gower-Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—We read with interest Adams's personal view and share her concerns.1 At one of our hospitals a young boy with splenic trauma received serial computed tomography scanning of his upper abdomen to assess the degree of splenic laceration. The scans were discussed at a multiple disciplinary meeting, and a query was raised regarding the radiation dose received by that patient. …