tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of D-alanine methionine enkephalin amide on ion transport in rabbit ileum.
Authors: J Dobbins, L Racusen, H J Binder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The presence of enkephalins in the intestine and the use of opiates to treat diarrheal diseases suggests that enkephalins may affect intestinal ion transport. Using isolated rabbit ileal mucosa, we found that leucine enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, and D Ala2-methionine enkephalin amide (D Ala2-Met E) decreased the short circuit current (Isc) and potential difference although the effect of D Ala2-Met E was more pronounced and prolonged. D Ala2-Met E increased net sodium (+1.27 +/- 0.5 mu eq/cm2h), and chloride absorption (+2.33 +/- 0.4), and increased tissue conductance by 37%. Although the effect of enkaphalin on ion transport is opposite that of cyclic AMP, D-Ala2-Met had no effect on basal or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-stimulated cyclic AMP levels. The effect of D-Ala2-Met E on Isc was blocked by naloxone, suggesting the involvement of specific opiate receptors. Tetrodotoxin completely blocked the decrease in Isc induced by D-Ala2-Met E but not by epinephrine, inferring that enkephalins are preganglionic neurotransmitters. The effect of D-Ala2-Met E on Isc was not blocked by phentolamine, haloperidol, or pretreatment of animals with 6-hydroxydopamine, suggesting that enkephalin does not affect the Isc by stimulating the release of alpha-adrenergic or dopaminergic agonists. D-Ala2-Met E also decreased the Isc in the presence of carbachol and bethanechol, indicating that enkephalin does not inhibit the release of acetylcholine. Further, up to 10 mu M atropine had no effect on the Isc. These studies demonstrate that enkephalins stimulate intestinal ion transport and may do so by stimulating (or inhibiting) the release of a nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmitter.
The total marrow mass of the mouse: A simplified method of measurement
Authors: D. R. Boggs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract The total number of nucleated cells in the long bone of a mouse can be determined with some accuracy. Thus, in this species, values for marrow cells can be expressed as a total cell count per bone, a more meaningful number than values expressed as concentration as is done in most studies of other species. If the percent of total marrow in the skeleton that is contained in that bone is known, values can be expressed as “per mouse” (total marrow mass)–‐a still more meaningful value than values per bone. The total marrow mass of mice has been calculated previously on the basis of nucleated cells per humerus or per femur and the percent of the total marrow contained in that bone. However, that percent was based on rather tedious dissection of the entire skeleton and determining the amount of 59 Fe that had been taken up by each bone. In the present study, mice were injected with 59 Fe, skinned, and eviscerated. The carcass was then either cooked and all bones dissected out or simply cut into pieces containing various bones or bone groups. The percent of 59 Fe taken up by various bones or bone groups as measured by the two techniques was virtually identical. The percent distribution between various bones was found to be fairly constant between 4 and 18 h after 59 Fe injection and the same in mice aged 3 or 12 months. This simplified technique makes the measurement of total marrow mass a practical addition in studies of murine hematopoiesis.
Cardiac Resynchronization Induces Major Structural and Functional Reverse Remodeling in Patients With New York Heart Association Class I/II Heart Failure
Authors: Martin St. John Sutton, Stefano Ghio, Ted Plappert, Luigi Tavazzi, Laura Scelsi, Claude Daubert, William T. Abraham, Michael R. Gold, Christian Hassager, John M. Herre, Cecilia Linde
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves LV structure, function, and clinical outcomes in New York Heart Association class III/IV heart failure with prolonged QRS. It is not known whether patients with New York Heart Association class I/II systolic heart failure exhibit left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling with CRT or whether reverse remodeling is modified by the cause of heart failure. Methods and Results— Six hundred ten patients with New York Heart Association class I/II heart failure, QRS duration ≥120 ms, LV end-diastolic dimension ≥55 mm, and LV ejection fraction ≤40% were randomized to active therapy (CRT on; n=419) or control (CRT off; n=191) for 12 months. Doppler echocardiograms were recorded at baseline, before hospital discharge, and at 6 and 12 months. When CRT was turned on initially, immediate changes occurred in LV volumes and ejection fraction; however, these changes did not correlate with the long-term changes (12 months) in LV end-systolic ( r =0.11, P =0.31) or end-diastolic ( r =0.10, P =0.38) volume indexes or LV ejection fraction ( r =0.07, P =0.72). LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes decreased in patients with CRT turned on (both P &lt;0.001 compared with CRT off), whereas LV ejection fraction in CRT-on patients increased ( P &lt;0.0001 compared with CRT off) from baseline through 12 months. LV mass, mitral regurgitation, and LV diastolic function did not change in either group by 12 months; however, there was a 3-fold greater reduction in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes and a 3-fold greater increase in LV ejection fraction in patients with nonischemic causes of heart failure. Conclusions— CRT in patients with New York Heart Association I/II resulted in major structural and functional reverse remodeling at 1 year, with the greatest changes occurring in patients with a nonischemic cause of heart failure. CRT may interrupt the natural disease progression in these patients. Clinical Trial Registration— Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00271154.
Study of some biological indices of the state of the sympathoadrenaline system under the effect of polychlorocamphene.
Authors: U A Kuz'minskaya, V A Ivanitskiĭ
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The effect of exposure to different amounts of polychlorocamphene (toxaphene) on the level of cathecholamines (noradrenalin and adrenalin), their precursors (DOPA and dophamine), and a metabolite (vanillylmandelic acid) in tissues (adrenals, brain, heart) and daily urine in white male rats has been studied. It was established that the single administration of 120 mg/kg toxaphene (half the LD50) as well as 2.4 mg/kg (1/100 of LD50) for 1 and 3 months produced a disturbance of catecholamine metabolism. The absolute level of ratio of separate components of the sympathicoadrenalic system is unequally changed in tissues, the breakdown of catecholamines is increased, and the specificity of their excretion is destroyed.
VARICOSE EPIGASTRIC VEIN FOLLOWING PHLEBITIS.
Authors: ASTLEY PASTON COOPER ASHHURST
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Vincent M., aged 10, came under my notice in the out-patient department of the Episcopal Hospital, where he was being treated for intractable ulcers on the left leg, in October, 1906. The largest ulcer was about one and a half inches in diameter, over the subcutaneous surface of the left tibia, at the junction of the lower and middle third of the leg. There were numerous scars of other ulcers on this leg, as well as on the right. <h3>History.</h3> —The history of the case is obscure. In December, 1904, he is said to have developed inflammatory rheumatism, which started in the left foot and ankle, and which subsequently spread up the leg and became erysipelatous in character. In January, 1905, the patient came under Dr. B. F. Stahl's observation, and I am indebted to him for his notes of the boy's condition at that time. Dr. Stahl writes:
POSTPARABIOTIC TISSUE REACTIONS OF RABBITS TO MUSCULOFASCIAL CROSS-TRANSPLANTS
Authors: Richard H. Andresen, Clarence W. Monroe, George M. Hass, Dorothy A. Madden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Twenty-five pairs of male rabbits of the same variety and strain were joined together in aural parabiosis for 13 to 15 days and then separated from one another. Thirteen pairs of the separated parabiotic twins were surgically united for a second period of parabiosis, less successful than the first due to deficient healing and spontaneous separation of tissue in 5 to 15 days at the site of anastomosis. Within 6 to 90 days after spontaneous or surgical separation of all parabionts, the postparabiotic twins which had been united to one another were cross-grafted with musculofascial transplants. 2 weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and microscopic studies made of the organs and sites of transplantation. These studies disclosed that either one or two periods of parabiosis resulted in the same persistent modification of classical host-homograft interactions. This modification was characterized by the replacement of the customary basic or sensitized homologous incompatibility reactions by a reaction more easily interpreted as one of host-graft tolerance or indifference. The intense inflammatory aspects of the usual host-homograft interactions were absent. Penetration of the musculofascial graft by vascularized mesenchyme derived from the host was retarded. When it occurred, the vascularizing reaction was abnormal and unaccompanied by the customary proliferative, resorptive, and repairative activities of admixed cells of the host and the graft. These observations provide another means which may be useful in seeking conditions for increasing the probability of successful homografting between members of a genetically impure species.
Genomic Anatomy of the Hippocampus
Authors: Carol L. Thompson, Sayan D. Pathak, Andreas Jeromin, Lydia L. Ng, Cameron R. MacPherson, Marty T. Mortrud, Allison Cusick, Zackery L. Riley, Susan M. Sunkin, Amy Bernard, Ralph B. Puchalski, Fred H. Gage, Allan R. Jones, Vladimir B. Bajic, Michael J. Hawrylycz, Ed S. Lein
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Social Media and Physicians’ Online Identity Crisis
Authors: Matthew DeCamp, Thomas W. Koenig, Margaret S. Chisolm
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antihypertrophic actions of the natriuretic peptides in adult rat cardiomyocytes: importance of cyclic GMP
Authors: A Rosenkranz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) prevents hypertrophy of neonatal cardiomyocytes. However, whether this effect is retained in the adult phenotype or if other members of the natriuretic peptide family exhibit similar antihypertrophic properties, has not been elucidated.Our objective was to examine whether the natriuretic peptides protect against adult cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro.Adult rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with angiotensin II (Ang II)+/-ANP, B-type (BNP) or C-type (CNP) natriuretic peptides for determination of [3H]phenylalanine incorporation, c-fos mRNA expression and cyclic GMP. The effects of 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (cyclic GMP analogue), HS-142-1 (particulate guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) and KT5823 (cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor) were also investigated.Ang II-stimulated increases in markers of hypertrophy, [3H]phenylalanine incorporation (to 136+/-3% of control, n=9) and c-fos mRNA expression (4.3+/-1.4-fold, n=5), were completely prevented by each of ANP, BNP or CNP. This protective action was accompanied by increased cardiomyocyte cyclic GMP. Inhibitory actions on [3H]phenylalanine incorporation were mimicked by 8-bromo-cyclic GMP, and were abolished by HS-142-1. KT5823 blocked the response to BNP and CNP, but not to ANP.ANP prevents hypertrophy of adult rat cardiomyocytes. This protective action is shared by BNP and CNP and involves activation of particulate guanylyl cyclase receptors. Antihypertrophic effects of BNP and CNP are mediated through cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase, but ANP can activate additional pathways independent of cyclic GMP to prevent adult cardiomyocte hypertrophy. These novel findings are of interest particularly since BNP appears to exert antifibrotic rather than antihypertrophic actions in vivo, while CNP is thought to act at least in part via the endothelium.
Heterogeneity of Treatment Response to Azithromycin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lisa Saiman, Nicole Mayer-Hamblett, Preston Campbell, Bruce C. Marshall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

We recently reported a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) that demonstrated a 6.2% improvement in the 168-d relative change in FEV1 among azithromycin participants compared with placebo participants.In the current analyses, heterogeneity of treatment response and the association between FEV1 and the risk of pulmonary exacerbations were investigated.The time to first pulmonary exacerbation, hospitalization rates, and antibiotic use were compared between participants categorized by their relative change in FEV1 % predicted (>or= 5 vs. < 5% improvement) at Day 168. Pulmonary function and exacerbation responses were compared in subgroups of participants characterized by long-term concomitant medications and baseline lung function.All available data from the 185 randomized participants in the azithromycin trial were included in these analyses.Compared with placebo participants, a reduced risk of pulmonary exacerbations was observed both among azithromycin participants with >or= 5% and those with < 5% relative improvement in FEV1. Similarly, decreased hospitalization rates and decreased use of oral quinolone and nonquinolone antibiotics were observed in azithromycin participants regardless of improvement in FEV1. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that overall, participants on long-term aerosolized tobramycin and/or rhDNase had worse baseline lung function, but still benefited from azithromycin, as evidenced by a lower risk of exacerbations.Azithromycin participants experienced benefits in exacerbation parameters regardless of FEV1 response or subgroup. These data have implications for clinical practice and the design of clinical trials.
sTRAIL coupled to liposomes improves its pharmacokinetic profile and overcomes neuroblastoma tumour resistance in combination with Bortezomib
Authors: M. Loi, P. Becherini, L. Emionite, A. Giacomini, I. Cossu, E. Destefanis, C. Brignole, D. Di Paolo, F. Piaggio, P. Perri, M. Cilli, F. Pastorino, M. Ponzoni
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Reflections on the Challenge to the Medical Profession in India
Authors: Edward D. Churchill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

NEW India refers to an independent and ten-year-old republic comprising some 400,000,000 people (380,000,000 in the 1951 census) governed as a parliamentary democracy. The Constitution of India begins with the phrase, "We the People," and guarantees freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, acquisition and disposal of property, religious freedom and the practice of any profession or the carrying on of any occupation, trade or business. Nothing proclaimed in the Indian Constitution remotely resembles the Soviet system or totalitarianism. It is democratic in spirit and form, and similar to the constitutions of the other nations that form the British Commonwealth of . . .
Surgical Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot with Previous Systemic to Pulmonary Artery Shunts
Authors: BERT W. MEYER, GEORGE G. LINDESMITH, ROBERT E. STANTON, JOHN C. JONES
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Fifty-four patients with previous Blalock (32) and Potts (22) systemic artery-pulmonary artery shunts and subsequent total correction for tetralogy of Fallot are reported. A separate posterolateral approach was employed to obliterate the Potts shunt. There were seven operative deaths and two late deaths. Infundibular stenosis with a normal pulmonary valve gave the best results. In comparison with our concomitant series without a shunt, the presence of a Blalock or Potts anastomosis did not affect the over-all result. Postoperative bleeding was a major complication, requiring reoperation in seven. An excellent result with probable cure was obtained in 30, and there was good improvement in ten of the 54 patients.
Financing the Fraser Committee
Authors: C. C. Lutton
Journal: BMJ (1964)

EICLSOUexisting stocks of old forms and substitute -the new forms.I can see the necessity for the forms, but for the life of me I cannot see that the alter- ations have anything to commend them except that they are alterations.It seems to me that if an alteration is necessary someone might take it upon himself to let us know why and what the alteration hopes to achieve.
Best books on haematology: a personal choice
Authors: I M Franklin
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Books for undergraduates and junior trainees

* Lecture Notes on Haematology. 5th edn. N C Jones, S N Wickramasinghe. (pounds sterling 12.50.) Blackwell Scientific, 1991. ISBN 0-632-02768-1.

* Clinical Haematology. D L Barnard, B A McVerry, D R Norfolk. (pounds sterling 22.50.) Heinemann, 1989. ISBN 0-433-00068-6.

* Essential Haematology. 3rd edn. A V Hoffbrand, J E Pettit. (pounds sterling14.95.) Blackwell Scientific, 1992. ISBN 0-632-01954-9.

Lecture Notes on Haematology is clearly for undergraduates. It contains the standard list of obscure haemoglobinopathies and how to distinguish intravascular from extravascular haemolysis. But there is no immune phenotyping of leukaemias and no mention of the use of interferon in treating chronic myeloid leukaemia. Its assets are the objectives for learning at the end of each chapter, and the adequate illustrations. Clinical Haematology by Barnard et al starts very well but its treatment of specific topics is too greatly weighted towards haematological oncology.

Streets ahead is Essential Haematology by Hoffbrand and Pettit. Previous editions must have done well, for the publishers have invested heavily in excellent graphics and good figures, nearly all in colour. It has …
TREATMENT OF DIABETES BY RAW FRESH GLAND (PANCREAS)
Authors: T. J. Hollins
Journal: BMJ (1925)

MARCH ~~~~~~~_ 14 1_5 ORA iron perclhloride, when in a positive case a winie colour, paling considerably on heating (distinction from salicylates, etc..), will develop.The time-saving method about to be described enables the ammonia coefficient to be determined as a routine if desired.Two data are required-the ammonia percentage and the urea percentage.The ammonia may be determined by Malfatti's method, only slightly modified as below, and the urea by the sodium hypobromite method, using, how- ever, Hinds's modification of the original and unsatisfactory
Maintenance of Sulfonylurea Responsiveness in NIDDM: Randomized Double-Blind Study of Intermittent Glyburide Therapy
Authors: George Grunberger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To assess the effectiveness of intermittent administration of sulfonylurea (glyburide) to patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Research Design and Methods A randomized, double-blind, prospective trial compared daily administration with intermittent administration of glyburide to patients who initially responded to the drug. Twenty-eight of 60 patients with NIDDM achieved the predetermined improvement in plasma glucose concentration on glyburide therapy. These 28 responders were enrolled into a 16-wk trial of daily versus intermittent (2 wk on, 2 wk off) glyburide treatment. Laboratory assessment of glycemic control and insulin secretion in fasting and 2-h postprandial states was done every 2 wk. Results Patients on continuous glyburide therapy maintained their glycemic control throughout the study. In contrast, patients on the intermittent schedule lost their glycemic control immediately after being placed on placebo. Despite a significant response to each sulfonylurea pulse, these subjects never regained their baseline glycemic levels. Their fructosamine and HbA1c concentrations deteriorated and remained significantly higher than those of the continuously treated subjects. Conclusions Results suggest that administration of glyburide on an intermittent basis after a 2-wk drug-free period to patients initially rendered responsive to sulfonylurea therapy is without clinical merit.
ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY—FULL TERM, COMPLICATED WITH FIBROID OF UTERUS—CELIOTOMY AND REMOVAL OF THE CHILD AND PLACENTA AND ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY.Read by title in the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: W. F. McNUTT
Journal: JAMA (1894)

It is not the object of this communication to discuss the various views of abdominal pregnancy—whether it is a primary or secondary condition, that is, as to how the fecundated ovum found itself in the abdominal cavity, nor to discuss the formation of a capsule about the ovum and the development of the blood vessels, nor to refer to the different methods of treatment as to the fetus or to the management of the placenta. This case is reported in the belief that abdominal pregnancy (as distinct from all other extra-uterine pregnancies) is sufficiently rare to justify its being recorded, especially as a living child was removed at full term, and the diseased uterus removed as well. On August 24, 1893, I was called across the bay by Drs. Payne and Hirshiser, to see Mrs. D., age 34; she had gone to nearly or quite her full term, when she was