tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
French government is urged to fight alcohol misuse
Authors: Brad Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A best selling author and former alcoholic has called for the French government to make draconian changes to the law to fight alcohol misuse in the same way that it now fights cigarette smoking and dangerous driving.

   ![][1] 

Would these drinkers in a French bar be influenced by health warnings on wine bottles? 

Credit: PAUL COOPER/REX

In his report, written with the help of eight experts, …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
290. Prolegomenon to a Phase II Study of an ICP34.5/ICP47 Deleted Herpes Simplex Virus Containing the Coding Sequence for GM-CSF in Patients with Melanoma
Authors: Neil Senzer, John Nemunaitis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

OncovexGM-CSF is a replication competent herpes simplex type-1 virus deleted for the ICP34.5 neurovirulence factor to allow for selective replication in tumor cells. The vector is also deleted for ICP47, the role of which is to block antigen presentation to MHC class I and II molecules by blocking the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2). The deletion alters the regulation of US11 such that it is brought under the control of the promoter which usually regulates ICP47 thereby functioning as an immediate early (IE) gene rather than as a late (L) gene. By blocking PKR phosphorylation, US11 enhances tumor cytotoxicity without affecting pathogenicity. GM-CSF is inserted in place of both the genes encoding for ICP34.5. Phase I studies of intratumoral injections of OncovexGM-CSF, at 106, 107, and 108 pfu/mL, in patients with melanoma have been completed establishing the safety and feasibility of the vector with necrosis of tumor observed in seronegative and seropositive patients. The phase II study in patients with stage IIIC/IV melanoma excluding patients with brain, bone, and liver metastases, prescribes intratumoral injection of 106 pfu/mL in both sero-negative and –positive patients and, starting 3 weeks later, 108pfu/mL every 2 weeks to a maximum of 24 injections. At the time of this abstract the first patient on study has received two injections. Following the first, he experienced a grade 1 cytokine flare response and developed a fever blister on his lip which proved to be negative for the OncovexGM-CSF vector using a qPCR assay specific for the CMV promoter region in OncovexGM-CSF. He experienced local grade 2 myalgia and dysesthesia associated with a grade 2 fever following the second injection. A second patient has been enrolled and a third one is in screening phase. Results will be updated at conference.
Right &amp;amp; Wrong: A Philosophical Dialogue between Father and Son
Authors: Glen W. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The reprint of the 1967 hardbound edition,<i>Right &amp; Wrong</i>, is a crisply presented dialogue in ethics. In a day when Humpty Dumpty tries to make ethics mean "what I want it to mean," it is refreshing to have the authors remind us that ethics is the systematic study of making value judgments, and is not synonymous with etiquette or statutes. The dialogue focuses basic questions that deal with the meaning of life: "The Person and His Obligations," "The Family and Its Members," "Politics and the State," "Society," "Man and the Universe," and "Law." Not everyone will be satisfied with this book. It does not provide answers. Rather, it demonstrates the need for carefully processing basic human questions in order to distinguish between opinions and the grounds and principles on which moral judgments are made. More remarkable, it also demonstrates that fathers (the philosopher) and sons (the lawyer) have something
A Method for Studying Isolated Resistance Vessels from Rabbit Mesentery and Brain and Their Responses to Drugs
Authors: EIICHI UCHIDA, DAVID F. BOHR, SIBLEY W. HOOBLER
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

A technique has been developed for studying the reactivity of single, isolated resistance vessels, 50 to 250 µ o.d., perfused at constant flow rate. The validity of the method is established because responses to a given stimulating agent are reproducible and stable over a reasonable period of time. The magnitude of the response is dependent on the perfusion pressure, being maximal at a physiological pressure level. Resistance vessels from mesentery and brain of normal rabbits were compared with respect to their threshold for response to several vasoconstrictors. The results reaffirmed the individuality of smooth muscle from different vascular beds. Cerebral and mesenteric vessels are alike in the dose required for threshold constrictor response to KCl, angiotensin and plasma, but differ in that cerebral vessels have a higher threshold for response to epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin, and a lower threshold for response to vasopressin, than mesenteric vessels. Since the differences in threshold between vessels from the two sources are not the same for all stimulating agents, it seems probable that smooth muscle of the cerebral vessels is not generally less sensitive to all stimuli than that of mesenteric vessels, but that vessels from the two sources differ in the "number of receptors" for the several vasoactive agents.
Physician Participation in Olympic Game Planning
Authors: Thomas B. Quigley
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I regret that the purpose and the justification of the editorial of July 20 have been misunderstood by Dr. Hanley. There was no intent to criticize the Olympic team trainers or the physicians, who were, in fact, described in the editorial as "highly competent." Rather, the issue was that the AMA Committee on the Medical Aspects of Sports has been unable to learn the policy of the US Olympic Committee (USOC) regarding<i>advance</i>medical consultation and what measures are being taken toward its implementation. <h3>In Search of Facts</h3> The editorial was prepared by the AMA Committee only after considerable but fruitless correspondence with USOC, and after receiving the counsel of the AMA Board of Trustees. The problem apparently is the attitude of some members of the USOC regarding the part that modern medicine could play in "environmental health problems, supervision of the athletes' diets, and other training
Role of SCC-S2 in Experimental Metastasis and Modulation of VEGFR-2, MMP-1, and MMP-9 Expression
Authors: Chuanbo Zhang, Debyani Chakravarty, Isamu Sakabe, Rajshree R. Mewani, Howard E. Boudreau, Deepak Kumar, Imran Ahmad, Usha N. Kasid
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

SCC-S2/GG2-1/NDED (approved gene symbol TNFAIP8) is a transcription factor NF-κB-inducible, antiapoptotic, and oncogenic molecule. In this study, we examined the role of SCC-S2 in invasion and experimental metastasis. We demonstrate that expression of SCC-S2 cDNA in MDA-MB 435 human breast cancer cells is associated with enhanced invasion in vitro and increased frequency of pulmonary colonization of tumor cells in athymic mice. Systemic treatment of athymic mice with a cationic liposomal formulation of SCC-S2 antisense oligo led to decreased incidence of pulmonary metastasis and inhibition of SCC-S2 expression in vivo. Antisense inhibition of endogenous SCC-S2 expression correlated with decreased expression of VEGF receptor-2 in tumor cells and human lung microvascular endothelial cells and loss of endothelial cell viability. In addition, downregulation of SCC-S2 expression in tumor cells was associated with decreased expression of known metastasis-related molecules MMP-1 and MMP-9. These results demonstrate a novel role for SCC-S2 in tumor progression, involving multiple effectors, and provide a basis for SCC-S2-targeted cancer gene therapy.
Oxygenation Response to Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Predicts Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Secondary Analysis of the LOVS and ExPress Trials
Authors: Ewan C. Goligher, Brian P. Kavanagh, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Ruxandra Pinto, Eddy Fan, Laurent J. Brochard, John T. Granton, Alain Mercat, Jean-Christophe Marie Richard, Jean-Marie Chretien, Graham L. Jones, Deborah J. Cook, Thomas E. Stewart, Arthur S. Slutsky, Maureen O. Meade, Niall D. Ferguson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Previous trials of higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) failed to demonstrate mortality benefit, possibly because of differences in lung recruitability among patients with ARDS.To determine whether the physiological response to increased PEEP is associated with mortality.In a secondary analysis of the Lung Open Ventilation Study (LOVS, n = 983), we examined the relationship between the initial response to changes in PEEP after randomization and mortality. We sought to corroborate our findings using data from a different trial of higher PEEP (ExPress, n = 749).The oxygenation response (change in ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen: P/F) after the initial change in PEEP after randomization varied widely (median, 9.5 mm Hg; interquartile range, -16 to 47) and was only weakly related to baseline P/F or the magnitude of PEEP change. Among patients in whom PEEP was increased after randomization, an increase in P/F was associated with reduced mortality (multivariable logistic regression; adjusted odds ratio, 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.89] per 25-mm Hg increase in P/F), particularly in patients with severe disease (baseline P/F [less-than-or-equal-to] 150 mm Hg). Changes in compliance and dead space were not associated with mortality. These findings were confirmed by a similar analysis of data from the ExPress trial.Patients with ARDS who respond to increased PEEP by improved oxygenation have a lower risk of death. The oxygenation response to PEEP might be used to predict whether patients will benefit from higher versus lower PEEP.
TREATMENT OF CHANCROID BY CLAVULANIC ACID WITH AMOXYCILLIN IN PATIENTS WITH β-LACTAMASE-POSITIVE HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI INFECTION
Authors: MargaretV Fast, LuceJ D'Costa, Peter Karasira, Herbert Nsanze, FrancisA Plummer, IanW Maclean, AllanR Ronald
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Oral Antiplatelet, Antithrombotic Efficacy of DMP 728, a Novel Platelet GPIIb/IIIa Antagonist
Authors: Shaker A. Mousa, William F. DeGrado, Dun-Xu Mu, Ram P. Kapil, Benedict R. Lucchesi, Thomas M. Reilly
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Currently used antiplatelet drugs, including aspirin and ticlopidine, are effective against certain but not all of the many endogenous platelet activators. Because of their limited efficacy, a significant number of serious thromboembolic complications still occur, highlighting the need for a more effective therapy. DMP 728 has been characterized as a potent and specific platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (GPIIb/IIIa) antagonist. The goals of the present study were to determine the oral antiplatelet and antithrombotic efficacies of DMP 728 in various arterial thrombosis models in dogs. Methods and Results In conscious and anesthetized mongrel dogs, DMP 728 at 0.02 to 1.0 mg/kg PO in gelatin capsules produced dose-dependent antiplatelet effects in inhibiting ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by ADP and prolonging template bleeding time. DMP 728 effects on bleeding time prolongation could be reversed more rapidly than those on platelet aggregation inhibition. A maximal antiplatelet effect for DMP 728 was demonstrated at 1.0 mg/kg PO. DMP 728 demonstrated dose-dependent oral antiplatelet effects with an absolute oral bioavailability of 8% to 12% in dogs. Additionally, the antithrombotic efficacy of DMP 728 was examined after intravenous and oral administration at different doses in various models of arterial thrombosis. In the coronary artery Folts’ model in dogs, DMP 728 demonstrated maximal antithrombotic efficacy at 0.01 mg/kg IV and &lt;0.6 mg/kg PO. Additionally, DMP 728 at 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg IV or PO demonstrated 60% to 100% prevention of primary thrombosis ( P &lt;.01) in an electrolytically induced carotid artery thrombosis model in dogs. Conclusions These data suggest that DMP 728, a low-molecular-weight GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, may have therapeutic potential as an oral antithrombotic agent in coronary and carotid artery thromboembolic disorders.
Thrombospondin 2 Functions as an Endogenous Regulator of Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Experimental Glomerulonephritis in Mice
Authors: Christoph Daniel, Kerstin Amann, Bernd Hohenstein, Paul Bornstein, Christian Hugo
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

The role of thrombospondin 2 (TSP2) was investigated in an anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis model that compared TSP2-null mice with wild-type (WT) controls. TSP2-null mice were analyzed for kidney function, renal cortical matrix expansion, influx of inflammatory cells, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as for capillary rarefaction after induction of anti-GBM disease. Whereas the renal cortex of normal control WT mice did not show any detectable TSP2 staining above background, TSP2 protein expression was clearly upregulated in anti-GBM disease. TSP2 deficiency led to an accelerated and enhanced inflammatory response, as indicated by the influx of CD4(+) and CD8a(+) cells and monocytes/macrophages. Glomerular fibrin deposition and a matrix-remodeling response were also observed, as indicated by collagens I and IV staining and a proliferative response within the renal interstitium. These changes were accompanied by increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity and enhanced alpha-smooth muscle actin staining in the TSP2-null mice. Neither a compensatory increase in TSP1 nor increased phosphorylation of Smad 2/3, an indicator for TGF-beta activity, was observed. The proliferative response of the peritubular endothelium was accelerated and enhanced, leading to a reversal of capillary rarefaction in TSP2-null mice, whereas interstitial cell death was equivalent to that in WT mice. In conclusion, the lack of the matricellular protein TSP2 in mice accelerates and enhances several responses to renal injury and reveals an important role for TSP2 as a major endogenous antiangiogenic and matrix metalloproteinase 2-regulating factor in renal disease.
Dilated Pupils in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: K. D. Bardhan
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Hg, the pulse remaining about 60 per minute throughout.At this stage he fell asleep.Although his blood-pressure continued to rise slowly, it did not regain the pre-operative figure for 36 hours.Eleven days later (15 days after discontinuing phenelzine) and following the same premedication, his retinal detachment was operated on, this time without any hypo- tensive episodes.Though the patient was also taking perphenazine for an equal time, it is considered that the phenelzine, with its known action in potentiating other drugs, was the agent responsible.-Iam, etc.,
α-Hemolysin Activity of Methicillin-Susceptible <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Predicts Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
Authors: Lukas Stulik, Stefan Malafa, Jana Hudcova, Harald Rouha, Bence Z. Henics, Donald E. Craven, Agnes M. Sonnevend, Eszter Nagy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Colonization of lower airways by Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for the development of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). However, little is known about the virulence factors of methicillin-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) that may influence host colonization and progression to VAT and VAP.Objectives: We evaluated MRSA and MSSA endotracheal aspirates (ETA) for genotype and α-hemolysin activity in relation to the development of VAT and VAP.Methods: Serial S. aureus ETA isolates from ventilated patients were analyzed for methicillin resistance, molecular type by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing and spa-typing, and α-hemolysin activity by semiquantitative analysis of hemolysis on sheep blood agar and quantitative measurement of cytolysis of human lung epithelial cells. The virulence of selected strains was assessed in mice by intranasal challenge.Measurements and Main Results: We detected S. aureus from ETA samples in a quarter of the 231 ventilated patients analyzed; one-third of them developed VAP. VAP patients (n = 15) were mainly infected by MSSA strains (87%), whereas colonized individuals (n = 18) not progressing to disease mainly carried MRSA strains (68%). MSSA isolates from colonized or VAT patients exhibited significantly lower α-hemolysin activity than those from VAP cases; however, no such relationship was found with MRSA strains. α-Hemolysin activity of S. aureus isolates was predictive for virulence in mouse pneumonia model.Conclusions: MSSA strains with strong blood agar hemolysis and high α-hemolysin activity are markers for VAP, but not VAT, and might be considered in differential diagnosis and initiation of therapy.
Two Portraits on the Wards
Authors: Robert Dorsett
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autoantibodies in anti‐p200 pemphigoid stain skin lacking laminin 5 and type VII collagen
Authors: D. Zillikens, A. Ishiko, M.F. Jonkman, I. Chimanovitch, H. Shimizu, T. Hashimoto, E‐B. Bröcker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

We report the case of a patient with a widespread bullous skin disease and linear deposits of IgG and C3 at the dermal–epidermal junction using direct immunofluorescence microscopy. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated circulating IgG autoantibodies that stained, like autoantibodies to laminin 5 and type VII collagen, the dermal side of 1 mol L−1 NaCl-split human skin. By immunoblotting dermal extracts, the patient's serum, like serum samples from two control patients, reacted with a 200-kDa protein. Using immunoelectron microscopy, the serum labelled a component of the lower lamina lucida, but not the lamina densa/sublamina densa region, distinguishing this from the type VII collagen localization pattern. By immunofluorescence microscopy on skin sections from patients lacking either laminin 5 (Herlitz's epidermolysis bullosa) or type VII collagen (recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa of Hallopeau–Siemens), the patient's serum retained reactivity with these test substrates. The patient's disease responded rapidly to the use of topical corticosteroids and lesions healed without scarring or milia formation. Our results provide strong evidence for the hypothesis that the 200 kDa autoantigen is different from laminin 5 and type VII collagen. For this new disease, we propose the designation 'anti-p200 pemphigoid'.
Impaired lymphocyte transformation in intestinal lymphangiectasia: evidence for at least two functionally distinct lymphocyte populations in man
Authors: Paul L. Weiden, R. Michael Blaese, Warren Strober, Jerome B. Block, Thomas A. Waldmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a disease characterized by hypoproteinemia and edema resulting from protein-losing gastroenteropathy secondary to abnormal intestinal lymphatics. Immunologic abnormalities associated with this disease include hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphocytopenia, skin anergy, and impaired allograft rejection. In the present study, the in vitro blastogenic transformation of lymphocytes from 12 patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia was assessed in order to gain insight into the mechanism of the cellular immune defect in this disease.
BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION, RATHER THAN INSULIN INSENSITIVITY, IS THE PRIMARY DEFECT IN FAMILIAL TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: S.P. O'Rahilly, A.S. Rudenski, M.A. Burnett, Z. Nugent, J.P. Hosker, P. Darling, R.C. Turner
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
OXYGEN INHALATIONS AND HYPODERMIC MEDICATIONS IN THE LUNG AFFECTIONS OF INFANCY.
Authors: R. S. WOODSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The difficulty encountered in procuring a supply of oxygen in the treatment of pulmonary affections leads me to believe that its efficacy is not appreciated by the profession at large. The text-books of recent date recommend oxygen inhalations in such cases, but in so vague a manner as to leave the average practitioner unwilling to undertake the trouble and expense necessary for its utilization. It is for the purpose of urging upon the more conservative members of the profession the extreme value of these remedial agents that the following case is reported: I. L., infant daughter of Lieutenant L., aged six weeks, was attacked with broncho-pneumonia, with involvement of large lung area. The severity of the attack may be best expressed by relating that a very distinguished specialist called in consultation on the fourth day of her illness gave the gravest prognosis and recommended euthanasia. Up to this time the
City of Birmingham Vacancies
Authors: B. Winchurch
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEIALSOAL 49 ferences or in one's own.case list, and even when we consider the origins of the malady we find that these, too, are not unspecific.Typically the hysterical individual is some- one who suffers from severe headache, has a distressing pain in some part of the body, constantly demands sympathy, or tends to complain of not being understood.She is self-centred, constantly feels people are not good enough to her, and is so preoccupied with her own problems that she has little or no time to consider the needs of anyone else.It is this chronically complaining attitude with perpetual sense of injury that is charac- teristic.Occasionally there exists some other disability such as paralysis, lameness, or blindness, without there being an organic basis for such symptoms, which can, there- fore, disappear or interchange with each other.Hysterical patients often are frigid.The treatment of such patients can be wearing, as they make such pathetic demands for sympathy or help, but at the same time they are selfish to a degree.These patients from a very early age have suffered from a sense of not being loved, and the origins of this quality have become so deeply unconscious by the time adult life is reaphed that they are seldom accessible to therapy, with correspondingly disappointing prognosis.Male hysterics are in a small minority.-Iam, etc., Barnt Green, DAVID T. MACLAY.Birmingham.Electrocardiography with Music SIR,.-