tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Using the same information for planning and control is compatible with the dynamic illusion effect
Authors: Anne-Marie Brouwer, Eli Brenner, Jeroen B. J. Smeets
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

We argue that one can explain why the influence of illusions decreases during a movement without assuming that different visual representations are used for planning and control. The basis for this is that movements are guided by a combination of correctly perceived information about certain attributes (such as a target's position) and illusory information about other attributes (such as the direction of motion). We explain how this can automatically lead to a decreasing effect of illusions when hitting discs that move in an illusory direction, and when grasping objects of which the apparent size or orientation has been changed by an illusion.
Longitudinal methods for describing the relationship between pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms and smoking in elderly subjects: the Tucson Study
Authors: DL Sherrill, MD Lebowitz, RJ Knudson, B Burrows
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

In this study recently developed longitudinal techniques are used to examine the relationship between respiratory symptoms, smoking and pulmonary function measures in elderly subjects. The subjects were participants in the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways Obstructive Disease, aged > or = 55 yrs at the first survey 1972-1973, who had received pulmonary function testing and completed questionnaires in at least one of the six selected surveys. There were 633 males and 891 females, with up to 14 yrs follow-up included in the analysis. Based on their questionnaire responses, subjects were classified according to their respiratory symptoms and smoking habits at each survey. The pulmonary function testing included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC). The pulmonary function data were analysed gender specific, with and without stratifying on vital status. The results indicate that respiratory symptoms are generally associated with lower levels of lung function, and that the impairment associated with chronic cough was observed predominantly in male subjects. The negative association of smoking was apparent in most measures, but was largest and most progressive in the FEV1/FVC ratios. Ex-smokers, in all cases, had better lung function values than current smokers, but their mean curves were always significantly below the values of nonsmokers.
Adverse Perinatal Outcome and Later Kidney Biopsy in the Mother
Authors: Bjørn Egil Vikse, Lorentz M. Irgens, Leif Bostad, Bjarne M. Iversen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Strong associations of adverse perinatal outcomes have been identified with later cardiovascular disease in the mother. Few studies have addressed associations with kidney disease. This study investigated whether perinatal outcomes are associated with later clinical kidney disease as diagnosed by kidney biopsy. The Medical Birth Registry of Norway contains data on all childbirths in Norway since 1967. The Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry contains data on all kidney biopsies in Norway since 1988. All women with a first singleton delivery from 1967 to 1998 were included. Pregnancy-related predictors of later kidney biopsy were analyzed by Cox regression analyses. A total of 756,420 women were included, and after a mean period of 15.9+/-9.4 yr, 588 had a kidney biopsy. Compared with women without preeclampsia and with offspring with birth weight of >or=2.5 kg, women with no preeclampsia and with offspring with birth weight of 1.5 to 2.5 kg had a relative risk (RR) for a later kidney biopsy of 1.7, women with no preeclampsia and with offspring with birth weight of <1.5 kg had an RR of 2.9, women with preeclampsia and with offspring with a birth weight of >or=2.5 kg had an RR of 2.5, women with preeclampsia and with offspring with a birth weight of 1.5 to 2.5 kg had an RR of 4.5, and women with preeclampsia and with offspring with a birth weight of <1.5 kg had an RR of 17. Similar results were found in adjusted analyses and after exclusion of women with diabetes, kidney disease, or rheumatic disease before pregnancy. The same risk patterns applied to any of the specific categories of kidney disease as well as specific kidney diseases investigated. Women who have preeclampsia and give birth to offspring with low birth weight and short gestation have a substantially increased risk for having a later kidney biopsy.
When should we consider contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in BRCA1/BRCA2 negative familial breast cancer patients? A study of histopathological patterns
Authors: Fatima Aloraifi, Trudi McDevitt, Nuala Cody, Marie Meany, Cliona de Baroid, Rosemarie Kelly, Adrian Bracken, Andrew Green, James Geraghty
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2012)
Immunization of experimental animals with dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, as a purified recombinant polypeptide, generates mitochondrial antibodies but not primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Sheri M. Krams, Charles D. Surh, Ross L. Coppel, Aftab Ansari, Boris Ruebner, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The availability of recombinant mitochondrial autoantigens may permit the experimental study of the pathophysiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Previously, we demonstrated that high-titer antibodies to the 74 kD mitochondrial autoantigen dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase could be generated when BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant protein. Based on these data, we attempted an 8-month study to induce antibodies and liver dysfunction by immunizing AKR/J, C3H/J and CBA/HeJ mice as well as rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and rhesus monkeys with purified recombinant human dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. Antibodies to dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase were readily induced and detected in all species of experimental animals with species and strain differences in the titer of the responses. Of particular interest, rabbits and guinea pigs produced antibodies which were specifically reactive with the functional site of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, whereas the other strains and species produced antibodies to other epitopes on the molecule. Finally, similar to data on humans with primary biliary cirrhosis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme pathway was inhibited in the presence of immunized animal sera. These data imply that features other than simply an antibody response to mitochondrial enzymes are required for the development of primary biliary cirrhosis. Further studies will be necessary to determine the mechanisms by which mitochondrial proteins elicit an immune response.
Molecular Pathways: Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells and Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Tangying Lu, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumor-associated myeloid cells are the major type of inflammatory cells involved in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. One key characteristic of these cells is the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have shown the important role of ROS and RNS, especially peroxynitrite, in immune suppression in cancer. ROS and RNS are involved in induction of antigen-specific T-cell tolerance, inhibition of T-cell migration to the tumor site, and tumor cell evasion of recognition by cytotoxic T cells. In preclinical settings, a number of potential therapeutic agents showed activity in blocking ROS/RNS in cancer and in improving the efficacy of cancer immune therapy. A better understanding of ROS/RNS-associated pathways in myeloid cells will help to identify more specific and direct targets to facilitate the development of more effective immune therapy for cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(18); 4877–82. ©2012 AACR.
The association of uterine cervical microbiota with an increased risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Korea
Authors: H.Y. Oh, B.-S. Kim, S.-S. Seo, J.-S. Kong, J.-K. Lee, S.-Y. Park, K.-M. Hong, H.-K. Kim, M.K. Kim
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
MULTIPLE SERUM PROTEIN ABNORMALITIES IN LICHEN MYXOEDEMATOSUS
Authors: N. R. ROWELL, A. WAITE, D. G. SCOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— A case of lichen myxoedematosus is described in which multiple serum protein abnormalities have been demonstrated by disc electrophoresis, in addition to the previously described abnormal basic globulin fraction migrating in the post‐gamma region on paper electrophoresis. Immunohistological studies indicate that there are abnormalities in the connective tissue between the collagen bundles as well as deposition of IgG globulin.
Effect of Adenovirus-Mediated Heat Shock Protein Expression and Oncolysis in Combination with Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide Treatment on Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Nelson C. Di Paolo, Sebastian Tuve, Shaoheng Ni, Karl Erik Hellström, Ingegerd Hellström, André Lieber
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Heat shock proteins such as gp96 have the ability to chaperone peptides and activate antigen-presenting cells. In this study, we tested whether adenovirus-mediated overexpression of secreted or membrane-associated forms of gp96 in tumor cells would stimulate an antitumor immune response. Studies were carried out in C57Bl/6 mice bearing aggressively growing s.c. tumors derived from syngeneic TC-1 cells, a cell line that expresses HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins. We found that secreted gp96 can induce protective and therapeutic antitumor immune responses. Our data also indicate that the antitumor effect of sgp96 expression seems to be limited by the induction of suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg). TC-1 tumor transplantation increased the number of splenic and tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Importantly, treatment of mice with low-dose cyclophosphamide decreased the number of Tregs and enhanced the immunostimulatory effect of sgp96 expression. We also tested whether an oncolytic vector (Ad.IR-E1A/TRAIL), that is able to induce tumor cell apoptosis and, potentially, release cryptic tumor epitopes in immunogenic form, could stimulate antitumor immune responses. Although tumor cells infected ex vivo with Ad.IR-E1A/TRAIL had no antitumor effect when used as a vaccine alone, the additional treatment with low-dose cyclophosphamide resulted in the elimination of pre-established tumors. This study gives a rationale for testing approaches that suppress Tregs in combination with oncolytic or immunostimulatory vectors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 960-9)
Coupling Between B Cell Receptor and Phospholipase C-γ2 Is Essential for Mature B Cell Development
Authors: Masaki Hikida, Sachiko Johmura, Ari Hashimoto, Mayuko Takezaki, Tomohiro Kurosaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Two signaling pathways known to be essential for progression from immature to mature B cells are BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) and the B cell receptor (BCR). Here, we first show that phospholipase C (PLC)-γ2 is required for a BAFF-R–mediated survival signal. Then, we have examined the question of whether the reduced number of mature B cells in PLC-γ2−/− mice is caused by a defect in either BCR or BAFF-R signaling. We find that a PLC-γ2 SH2 mutant, which inhibits coupling between BCR and PLC-γ2, fails to restore B cell maturation, despite supporting BAFF-dependent survival. Therefore, our data suggest that the BAFF-R–mediated survival signal, provided by PLC-γ2, is not sufficient to promote B cell maturation, and that, in addition, activation of PLC-γ2 by BCR is required for B cell development.
Rituximab in the treatment of antisynthetase syndrome
Authors: L Brulhart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

The presence of autoantibodies directed against aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in the sera of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy defines a specific clinical subset that has been called antisynthetase syndrome.1 The prognosis of these patients is conditioned by the increased incidence of interstitial lung disease compared with other types of myositis.2 We report a case of antisynthetase syndrome treated successfully with rituximab.

A 57 year old white woman had a 2 month history of painful synovitis of both hands, typical lesions of mechanic’s hands, and moderate proximal muscle weakness. Her laboratory evaluation showed a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), and muscle enzymes. Electromyography findings were consistent with the diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy. Prednisone 30 mg/day was immediately started with a good response and then progressively tapered to 10 mg/day.

After 3 months, she had a relapse with increased muscle enzyme levels and worsening of articular symptoms, …
EXPERIMENTAL SERUM DISEASE
Authors: W. E. Ehrich, Joseph Seifter, Carolyn Forman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

The intravenous injection of one large dose of serum into rabbits caused a variety of changes of considerable complexity. 1. There was an immediate proliferation of mesenchymal cells, including plasma cells, particularly in heart, lungs, and spleen. 2. The signs of serum disease developed only at the time of abundant antibody formation, before significant quantities of antibody were laid down in the vascular connective tissue. 3. Allergic arteritis, marked glomerular nephritis, myocardial necrosis, and Aschoff body-like structures were seen only after hypersensitivity had developed. It appears that most, if not all, of these pathological alterations were true Arthus phenomena. 4. There were at least two distinct varieties of allergic arteritis and glomerular nephritis, namely a proliferative one, following the first injection, and a a necrotizing one, seen only after 2 injections. It appears that the first was a subacute Arthus phenomenon, while the latter was an acute Arthus phenomenon superimposed on a subacute one. The subacute experimental glomerular nephritis resembled the intracapillary glomerulonephritis in man, while the acute variety was like human extracapillary glomerular nephritis.
Early HCV-RNA clearance during daily administration of interferon in combination with ribavirin in naive HCV patients
Authors: G. Taliani, M.C. Badolato, C. Pasquazzi, V. Boddi, G.B. Gaeta, G. Stornaiuolo, N. Marino, P.L. Blanc, C. De Bac
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
A SWI/SNF-related autism syndrome caused by de novo mutations in ADNP
Authors: Céline Helsmoortel, Anneke T Vulto-van Silfhout, Bradley P Coe, Geert Vandeweyer, Liesbeth Rooms, Jenneke van den Ende, Janneke H M Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, Carlo L Marcelis, Marjolein H Willemsen, Lisenka E L M Vissers, Helger G Yntema, Madhura Bakshi, Meredith Wilson, Kali T Witherspoon, Helena Malmgren, Ann Nordgren, Göran Annerén, Marco Fichera, Paolo Bosco, Corrado Romano, Bert B A de Vries, Tjitske Kleefstra, R Frank Kooy, Evan E Eichler, Nathalie Van der Aa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Profile of epidermal metabolic activity in autosomal dominant ichthyosis and small bowel disorders
Authors: P.J. DYKES, R. MARKS, P. SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

The in vitro incorporation of 14C acetate by the epidermis has been studied in patients with autosomal dominant ichthyosis and in patients with a dry, itchy, slightly scaly skin associated with a disorder of the small bowel. Analysis of 14C acetate containing lipid moieties by thin layer chromatography has indicated that there are both quantitative and qualitative differences in the uptake of 14C acetate between autosomal dominant ichthyosis and normal. In particular an increased incorporation into the triglyceride and phosphatidyl choline fractions was noted. No such differences were apparent in those patients with disorders of the small bowel. In addition the in vitro incorporation of radioactively labelled thymidine, proline and histidine has been studied in these patients. In both groups of patients the rate of incorporation of tritiated thymidine and histidine into epidermal macromolecules was found not to differ significantly from normal. On the other hand the rate of incorporation of tritiated proline was increased in both groups of patients.
Treatment of cerebral ischemia by disrupting ischemia-induced interaction of nNOS with PSD-95
Authors: Li Zhou, Fei Li, Hai-Bing Xu, Chun-Xia Luo, Hai-Yin Wu, Ming-Mei Zhu, Wei Lu, Xing Ji, Qi-Gang Zhou, Dong-Ya Zhu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Environmental tobacco smoke and mortality in Chinese women who have never smoked: prospective cohort study
Authors: Wanqing Wen, Xiao Ou Shu, Yu-Tang Gao, Gong Yang, Qi Li, Honglan Li, Wei Zheng
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the association of environmental exposure to tobacco smoke from husbands and from work, as well as from family members in early life, with all cause mortality and mortality due to cancer or cardiovascular disease in Chinese women. <b>Design</b> Ongoing prospective cohort study in Shanghai, China. <b>Participants</b> Of 72 829 women who had never smoked, 65 180 women provided information on smoking by their husbands, and 66 520 women provided information on exposure to tobacco smoke at work and in early life from family members. <b>Main outcome measures</b> All cause mortality and cause specific mortality with the main focus on cancer and cardiovascular disease. Cumulative mortality according to exposure status, and hazard ratios. <b>Results</b> Exposure to tobacco smoke from husbands (mainly current exposure) was significantly associated with increased all cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.31) and with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease (1.37, 1.06 to 1.78). Exposure to tobacco smoke at work was associated with increased mortality due to cancer (1.19, 0.94 to 1.50), especially lung cancer (1.79, 1.09 to 2.93). Exposure in early life was associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease (1.26, 0.94 to 1.69). <b>Conclusions</b> In Chinese women, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is related to moderately increased risk of all cause mortality and mortality due to lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Beyond prejudice: Are negative evaluations the problem and is getting us to like one another more the solution?
Authors: John Dixon, Mark Levine, Steve Reicher, Kevin Durrheim
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

For most of the history of prejudice research, negativity has been treated as its emotional and cognitive signature, a conception that continues to dominate work on the topic. By this definition, prejudice occurs when we dislike or derogate members of other groups. Recent research, however, has highlighted the need for a more nuanced and “inclusive” (Eagly 2004) perspective on the role of intergroup emotions and beliefs in sustaining discrimination. On the one hand, several independent lines of research have shown that unequal intergroup relations are often marked by attitudinal complexity, with positive responses such as affection and admiration mingling with negative responses such as contempt and resentment. Simple antipathy is the exception rather than the rule. On the other hand, there is mounting evidence that nurturing bonds of affection between the advantaged and the disadvantaged sometimes entrenches rather than disrupts wider patterns of discrimination. Notably, prejudice reduction interventions may have ironic effects on the political attitudes of the historically disadvantaged, decreasing their perceptions of injustice and willingness to engage in collective action to transform social inequalities. These developments raise a number of important questions. Has the time come to challenge the assumption that negative evaluations are inevitably the cognitive and affective hallmarks of discrimination? Is the orthodox concept of prejudice in danger of side-tracking, if not obstructing, progress towards social justice in a fuller sense? What are the prospects for reconciling a prejudice reduction model of change, designed to get people to like one another more, with a collective action model of change, designed to ignite struggles to achieve intergroup equality?
Response to ‘Orbital Wegener's granulomatosis as the initial presentation in a 9-year-old child’
Authors: Elizabeth Meredith, Richard Hull
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

We were interested to read the article by Dey et al. describing the ocular presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis in a child.1 The authors considered corticosteroids to be the first line of treatment in this condition. This varies from the usual induction regimen, which is a combination of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroid.

Wegener's granulomatosis, often referred to as granulomatosis with polyangiitis, is a fatal disease, with mortality if untreated of 90% at two years. In 1973, Fauci and Wolff showed that a regimen that combined cyclophosphamide and prednisolone induced disease remission.2 This combination was superior to corticosteroid treatment alone. Subsequent long-term experience has demonstrated that the cyclophosphamide and prednisolone regimen induces remission in 85–90% of patients within two to six months.3

More recently the introduction of the anti B-cell monoclonal antibody, rituximab, has provided an alternative induction therapy to cyclophosphamide or for use in cyclophosphamide-resistant disease.4 It is currently recommended as an initial induction regimen only in those patients who have a contraindication to cyclophosphamide.

While single therapy with either corticosteroids or co-trimoxazole have had their advocates, current advice is that in treatment of limited disease combination therapy with corticosteroid and either methotrexate or cyclophosphamide should be used. Co-trimoxazole can be used as part of maintenance therapy to prevent Pneumocystis infection.5

Once remission is achieved patients are then switched to maintenance immunosuppression such as methotrexate or azathioprine. Thus corticosteroids alone appear inferior for both induction and maintenance therapy.
Thioredoxin-1 Modulates Transcription of Cyclooxygenase-2 via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ildiko Csiki, Kiyoshi Yanagisawa, Nobuhiro Haruki, Sorena Nadaf, Jason D. Morrow, David H. Johnson, David P. Carbone
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Hypoxic induction of gene expression occurs mainly via the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor and is a critical step in tumor growth. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is commonly overexpressed in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we sought to determine the role of HIF-1 in the induction of COX-2 expression during hypoxia. Through sequence comparison of hypoxia-responsive genes, COX-2 promoter deletion analysis, and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a hypoxia-responsive element within the COX-2 promoter that interacts with HIF-1α and underlies the mechanism of hypoxic activation of COX-2 in lung cancer cells. Proteomic analysis of NSCLC identified thioredoxin-1 as a redox protein overexpressed in NSCLC correlated with poor prognosis. We also show that thioredoxin-1 stabilizes HIF-1α to induce hypoxia-responsive genes under normoxic conditions. Our results identify two new mechanisms for regulation of COX-2 expression in NSCLC. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 143-50)
Airway epithelial repair: breathtakingly quick and multipotentially pathogenic
Authors: J. S. Erjefalt, C. G. Persson
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Epithelial shedding, even to the point of airway denudation, had already been described as a common and unifying feature of asthma by the latter half of the 19th century. However, the repair processes that specifically follow the shedding-like loss of epithelial cells have only recently been examined in vivo. This paper discusses the exceedingly fast epithelial restitution and the potential pathogenic sequelae to epithelial shedding alone that have been unravelled. Epithelial cytoprotection emerges as an important property of future therapeutic drugs for the treatment of airways inflammatory conditions.