tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Hepatic Phagocytic Activity By In Vivo Microscopy After Liver Transplantation in the Rat
Authors: Stefan Post, Alberto P. Gonzalez, Pablo Palma, Markus Rentsch, Adolf Stiehl, Michael D. Menger
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Phagocytic activity of sinusoidal lining cells was studied in 32 livers of male Lewis rats by in vivo fluorescence microscopy with epiillumination. Normal livers (group 1, n = 8) were compared with orthotopic syngeneic liver grafts 90 min after reperfusion after a period of cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution for 17 hr (group 2, n = 10) or 24 hr (group 3, n = 14). After bolus injection of fluorescence-labeled latex particles (3 x 10(8)/kg; diameter = 1.1 micron), zonal distribution and kinetics of adherence of latex beads were quantified by off-line video analysis. Hepatocellular function was estimated by the rate of bile production and biliary concentrations of bile acids. In normal livers 50%, 37% and 13% of injected latex beads adhered in zones 1, 2 and 3, respectively, whereas in transplanted livers a more homogeneous distribution was found (group 2: 37%, 41%, 22%; group 3: 37%, 39%, 24%; p less than 0.01 vs. controls by analysis of variance). Kinetic analysis of phagocytic activity showed no significant difference between group 1 (88% adherence of visible latex beads 3 min after injection) and group 2 (90% adherence). However, after long-term preservation in group 3, sinusoidal adherence was significantly faster (96.4% adherence; p less than 0.001). Bile secretion in group 2 was lower than in controls and severely depressed in group 3 (group 1: 1.1 +/- 0.07 microliter/min/gm liver [mean +/- S.E.M.]; group 2: 0.8 +/- 0.07; group 3: 0.1 +/- 0.04; p less than 0.001) without significant changes in bile acid concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in iron‐deficient chronic heart failure patients with and without anaemia: a subanalysis of the FAIR‐HF trial
Authors: Gerasimos Filippatos, Dimitrios Farmakis, Josep Comin Colet, Kenneth Dickstein, Thomas F. Lüscher, Ronnie Willenheimer, John Parissis, Giedrius Gaudesius, Claudio Mori, Barbara von Eisenhart Rothe, Nicola Greenlaw, Ian Ford, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)

Aims Therapy with i.v. iron in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and iron deficiency (ID) improves symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life. We sought to investigate whether these beneficial outcomes are independent of anaemia. Methods and results FAIR‐HF randomized 459 patients with CHF [NYHA class II or III, LVEF ≤40% (NYHA II) or ≤45% (NYHA III)] and ID to i.v. iron as ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. We analysed the efficacy and safety according to the presence or absence of anaemia (haemoglobin ≤120 g/L) at baseline. Of 459 patients, 232 had anaemia at baseline (51%). The effect of FCM on the primary endpoints of self‐reported Patient Global Assessment (PGA) and NYHA class at week 24 was similar in patients with and without anaemia [odds ratio (OR) for improvement, 2.48 vs. 2.60, P = 0.97 for PGA and 1.90 vs. 3.39, P = 0.51 for NYHA). Results were also similar for the secondary endpoints, including PGA and NYHA at weeks 4 and 12, 6 min walk test distance, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall score, and European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions Visual Analogue Scale at most time points. Regarding safety, no differences were noticed in the rates of death or first hospitalization between FCM and placebo both in anaemic and in non‐anaemic patients. Conclusions Treatment of ID with FCM in patients with CHF is equally efficacious and shows a similar favourable safety profile irrespective of anaemia. Iron status should be assessed in symptomatic CHF patients both with and without anaemia and treatment of ID should be considered.
The Red-Light Treatment of Smallpox.
Authors: Jay F. Schamberg
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Philadelphia, Nov. 14, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I deem it proper to briefly reply to Dr. Finsen's article on "The Red-Light Treatment of Smallpox," which appeared in the last number ofThe Journal. I wish to make public acknowledgment that I have done Dr. Finsen an injustice in stating that the red-light treatment did not originate with him. A treatment, which in effect was a sort of red-light treatment, was certainly employed by John of Gaddesden, but Dr. Finsen calls attention to the fact that the exclusion of the actinic rays of the sun was not its purpose, and that the red blankets and hangings, in all probability, did not exclude all daylight. As to the value of the so-called red-light treatment, I am more convinced than ever of its inutility as additional clinical evidence comes to hand. I regret very much that Dr. Finsen did not discuss some of
MRI and PET Study of Deficits in Hippocampal Structure and Function in Women With Childhood Sexual Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: J. Douglas Bremner, Meena Vythilingam, Eric Vermetten, Steven M. Southwick, Thomas McGlashan, Ahsan Nazeer, Sarfraz Khan, L. Viola Vaccarino, Robert Soufer, Pradeep K. Garg, Chin K. Ng, Lawrence H. Staib, James S. Duncan, Dennis S. Charney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Animal studies have suggested that early stress is associated with alterations in the hippocampus, a brain area that plays a critical role in learning and memory. The purpose of this study was to measure both hippocampal structure and function in women with and without early childhood sexual abuse and the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: Thirty-three women participated in this study, including women with early childhood sexual abuse and PTSD (N=10), women with abuse without PTSD (N=12), and women without abuse or PTSD (N=11). Hippocampal volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging in all subjects, and hippocampal function during the performance of hippocampal-based verbal declarative memory tasks was measured by using positron emission tomography in abused women with and without PTSD. RESULTS: A failure of hippocampal activation and 16% smaller volume of the hippocampus were seen in women with abuse and PTSD compared to women with abuse without PTSD. Women with abuse and PTSD had a 19% smaller hippocampal volume relative to women without abuse or PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with deficits in hippocampal function and structure in abuse-related PTSD.
The Leishman-Donovan Body and Tropical Splenomegaly
Authors: P. Manson, G. C. Low
Journal: BMJ (1904)

is one, so, latterly I have been bathing rodent ulcers treated with radium with a strong solution of common salt before the radium is applied.In the present case I do not think this made any difference, but I am not certain it has not been of some help in two other cases now under treatment.The patient used to hold the radium i-n position himself.
Engel’s Pain-Prone Disorder Patient: 25 Years After
Authors: Ranjan Roy
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

<i>Engel's</i> concept of pain proneness is reexamined. Child abuse issues, as they are presumed to influence pain proneness, are made explicit. Research literature related to pain proneness is reviewed. Its methodological shortcomings are discussed. Child abuse and child neglect literature was searched, but failed to reveal any association between child abuse and pain proneness. A broadly based research strategy is suggested to explore this association.
Child health surveillance
Authors: C. J H Kelnar
Journal: BMJ (1990)

treated with neutrons and photons.2Results were significantly better, however, for neutron than photon treatment in node positive patients, but worse in node negative patients with the suggestion that these were caused by inadequate planning because of the fixed neutron beams.No opposition was expressed to continued trials now under way.The discontinuation of funding suggested by Dr Tobias refers to that of new cyclotrons rather than of existing units.The arguments against neutrons have been well rehearsed.We still do not have clear cut answers.The proposed unit at St Thomas's would be for not only neutron therapy but also particle treatment of eye tumours and nuclide production for positron emission tomography.Cancer therapy depends on adequate planning of treatment obtainable only with the newer high energy neutrons.The earlier work at Hammersmith using fixed horizontal beams was a remarkable achievement, whatever the final value of neutron therapy.The real interest in this debate lies not only in the true role of neutron therapy but in the political machinations of the funding process.These have no long term significance.We await with interest the results of clinical trials and the evaluation of data obtained by positron emission tomography.
Mutual Misunderstandings Among Medical Men.
Authors: Benjamin P. Croft
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Greenfield, Mass., June 19, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Apropos of your editorial inThe Journal, June 17, on the above subject, I would call your attention to the recent address delivered by Professor Barker to the Massachusetts Medical Society on "Methods in Medicine," wherein he brings out very clearly the fact that no true and lasting results can be wrought in medicine unless "theory and practice can be brought into conjugal relationship;" also to my own remarks in the introduction to my article on "Ocular Vertigo," read at the same meeting, urging the use of simpler language and a closer co-operation between the specialist and the general practitioner.
RXRα Inhibits the NRF2-ARE Signaling Pathway through a Direct Interaction with the Neh7 Domain of NRF2
Authors: Hongyan Wang, Kaihua Liu, Miao Geng, Peng Gao, Xiaoyuan Wu, Yan Hai, Yangxia Li, Yulong Li, Lin Luo, John D. Hayes, Xiu Jun Wang, Xiuwen Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The transcription factor NRF2 (NFE2L2) is a pivotal activator of genes encoding cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes that limit the action of cytotoxic therapies in cancer. NRF2 acts by binding antioxidant response elements (ARE) in its target genes, but there is relatively limited knowledge about how it is negatively controlled. Here, we report that retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRα) is a hitherto unrecognized repressor of NRF2. RNAi-mediated knockdown of RXRα increased basal ARE-driven gene expression and induction of ARE-driven genes by the NRF2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ). Conversely, overexpression of RXRα decreased ARE-driven gene expression. Biochemical investigations showed that RXRα interacts physically with NRF2 in cancer cells and in murine small intestine and liver tissues. Furthermore, RXRα bound to ARE sequences in the promoters of NRF2-regulated genes. RXRα loading onto AREs was concomitant with the presence of NRF2, supporting the hypothesis that a direct interaction between the two proteins on gene promoters accounts for the antagonism of ARE-driven gene expression. Mutation analyses revealed that interaction between the two transcription factors involves the DNA-binding domain of RXRα and a region comprising amino acids 209-316 in human NRF2 that had not been defined functionally, but that we now designate as the NRF2-ECH homology (Neh) 7 domain. In non–small cell lung cancer cells where NRF2 levels are elevated, RXRα expression downregulated NRF2 and sensitized cells to the cytotoxic effects of therapeutic drugs. In summary, our findings show that RXRα diminishes cytoprotection by NRF2 by binding directly to the newly defined Neh7 domain in NRF2. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3097–108. ©2013 AACR.
Masked penicillin exposure leading to intensive care unit treatment
Authors: R.H. Grims, H. Reiter, W. Aberer, B. Kranke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, A 64‐year‐old farmer's wife was admitted to a local hospital with symptoms of anaphylactic shock, including trembling, poor responsiveness and dyspnoea. Although the patient denied having taken drugs recently, drug allergy was suspected because she had a history of several episodes of anaphylactoid reactions in connection with drug handling. The first episode had occurred in the late 1970s, manifested as an urticarial rash on the patient's hands, forearms, face and neck – evidently all locations she had touched while washing herself after handling an antibiotic solution which she had applied to treat postpartum fever in pigs. In the early 1980s she had received intramuscular penicillin therapy, resulting in a few weals on her chest. In 1983 she had developed an exanthema and lost consciousness for 15 min after oral intake of one tablet of azidocillin. Eight years later she had taken a cefaclor preparation prescribed by her dentist and again became unconscious for about 25 min. Finally, in 1997 she experienced a similar incident as in 1983, which led to her admission to the intensive care unit, where she received antihistamines and steroids, and was kept overnight for observation. This time the only preceding event had been (passionate) kissing with her husband who had undergone penicillin therapy; however, he had taken no penicillin tablet within half an hour before kissing.
Clinical characteristics associated with myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden death in patients with vasospastic angina.
Authors: M Nakamura, A Takeshita, Y Nose
Journal: Circulation (1987)

A total of 349 patients with vasospastic angina were followed in eight centers in Japan for a period of 3.4 +/- 0.1 years (mean +/- SE). Ninety-eight percent of patients were treated with calcium blockers. Twenty-one episodes of myocardial infarction occurred in 18 patients (5%), including two fatal myocardial infarctions. The rate of myocardial infarction was higher (p less than .01) in patients with a fixed stenosis of 90% or greater than in patients with a fixed stenosis of less than 90% or normal coronary arteries. Myocardial infarctions occurred predominantly during hospital stays or at a time when the frequency of vasospastic angina increased. There were five sudden deaths (2%). Only one patient suffering sudden death had a fixed stenosis of 75% or greater. Serious arrhythmias were noted in 49 patients (14%). The risk of arrhythmias did not depend on the presence of a fixed stenosis of 75% or greater. These results suggest that cardiac events are rather infrequent in Japanese patients with vasospastic angina who are receiving treatment with calcium blockers and that the presence of a severe fixed stenosis markedly increases the risk of myocardial infarction but not the risk of arrhythmias.
Smoke and Letters
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Here lies the problem:<i>JAMA</i>receives four letters<sup>1-4</sup>highly critical of a study<sup>5</sup>we have published in<i>JAMA</i>. Should<i>JAMA</i>publish them? First, is there really a problem? If there is, it certainly does not lie in the fact that the letters are highly critical. Such criticism presents no editorial difficulties because that is what we have to expect, and it's our job to let the authors of studies we publish duke it out with their critics in public. Indeed, I relish such letters because they so often point to issues that neither the authors nor the reviewers and editors had ever imagined, which is the best and most lasting form of peer review. They force me to reassess the published paper, and it's always interesting, and sometimes fun, to see the authors of the original article respond, whether by hitting their critics out of the ballpark, wriggling into
Metabolic Control and Quality-of-Life Self-Assessment in Adolescents With IDDM
Authors: Ines Guttmann-Bauman, Brian P Flaherty, Melissa Strugger, Robert C McEvoy
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To examine the relation between metabolic control and self-assessed quality of life in adolescents with IDDM.The Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) questionnaire for youths was given to 69 subjects with IDDM aged 10-20 years at the time of their outpatient visit. Subjects with IDDM of < 1 year's duration or with documented psychotic disorder or mental retardation were excluded. Metabolic control was assessed by the mean HbA1c during the preceding year (long-term), by a single HbA1c at the time of the visit (short-term), and by the number of acute events related to IDDM in the preceding year.The DQOL score correlated with mean HbA1c (beta = 6.13, R2 = 0.22, P = 0.0122) and single HbA1c (beta = 3.94, R2 = 0.18, P = 0.05). Self-health assessment was the best predictor of DQOL score (beta = -44.42, R2 = 0.45, P < 0.0001). The Worries subscale score on DQOL correlated with the occurrence of acute events (beta = 6.97, R2 = 0.2, P = 0.006), but did not correlate with either HbA1c level. Correlations of mean HbA1c with the predictors were stronger than the correlations of single HbA1c with the same predictors.Metabolic control and quality of life are two important outcomes of IDDM care. In our study, adolescents in better metabolic control report better quality of life. Both components need to be addressed in developing successful diabetes treatment strategies for adolescents with IDDM.
ESTIMATION OF TOTAL BODY SODIUM BY ISOTOPIC DILUTION. II. STUDIES ON INFANTS AND CHILDREN: AN EXAMPLE OF A CONSTANT DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH RATIO 12
Authors: Gilbert B. Forbes, Anne Perley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

In contrast to the lack of such information on adults, the literature does contain reports of the direct chemical analysis of a number of fetuses and newborn infants for sodium.Data are available, therefore, with which to compare directly results obtained by the isotopic dilution method.Our study of total body sodium in man, for which data on adults are presented elsewhere (2), was consequently broadened to include infants and children.Since it has been known for some time that the sodium content of the infant, on a per kilogram basis, is higher than that of the adult (3), we set out to investigate the possibility that there was some regularity to the process of chemical growth.That a chemical growth pattern, capable of being expressed in simple mathe- matical terms, does indeed exist, at least with re- gard to sodium accumulation, will be demon- strated by the data to follow.Aside from carcass analysis, the isotopic dilu- tion method is the only direct approach available for estimation of total body sodium and for the study of chemical growth.Cumulative balances fail to provide a satisfactory answer, presumably through inability to account accurately for cuta- neous mineral losses.For example, balance studies on normal infants and children have yielded values for sodium retention varying from 93 to 915 meq.per Kg. of body weight gain (4, 5).4This paper reports our studies of the estimation of total body sodium by the isotopic dilution method in 21 infants and children.The various
Improved Insulin Response and Action by Chronic Magnesium Administration in Aged NIDDM Subjects
Authors: Giuseppe Paolisso, Saverio Sgambato, Gennaro Pizza, Nicola Passariello, Michele Varricchio, Felice D'Onofrio
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

In eight aged non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects, insulin response and action were studied before and after chronic magnesium supplementation (2 g/day) to diet. Chronic magnesium supplementation to diet versus placebo produced 7) a significant increase in plasma (0.83 ± 0.05 vs. 0.78 ± 0.06 mM, P &amp;lt; .05) and erythrocyte (2.03 ± 0.06 vs. 1.88 ± 0.09 mM, P &amp;lt; .01) magnesium levels, 2) an increase in acute insulin response (AIR) (4.0 ± 0.6 vs. - 1 .6 ± 0.6 mU/L, P &amp;lt; .05) to glucose pulse, and 3) an increase in glucose infusion rate (GIR) (3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 mg kg∼1 min−1 P &amp;lt; .025) calculated in the last 60 min of a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (100U m2 · min−1 during 180 min) glucose clamp. Net increase in AIR, glucose disappearance rate after glucose pulse, and GIR were significantly and positively correlated to the net increase in erythrocyte magnesium content calculated after chronic magnesium supplementation to diet. In conclusion, our data suggest that NIDDM subjects may benefit from therapeutic chronic administration of magnesium salts.
Treatment of status epilepticus
Authors: C. M. Slovis
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —We believe that the otherwise excellent protocol for treatment by the Working Group on Status Epilepticus 1 perpetuates a common misconception. The authors recommend that if hypoglycemia is established or a blood glucose determination is unavailable, glucose should be administered; in adults, 100 mg of thiamine should be given first.  The belief that thiamine needs to be given to any patient prior to glucose administration is based on the article by Watson et al. 2 In that report, four patients acutely developed Wernicke's encephalopathy after receiving glucose. It is important to note that although each patient developed symptoms acutely, none developed them immediately after glucose administration. Patient 1 received 3 L of 5% dextrose in water over 24 hours, patient 2 received 2 L of 5% dextrose in water, patient 3 received hypertonic dialysis for 48 hours, and patient 4 received hypertonic glucose solution for 5 days.
Whether patients should be partners depends on the patient
Authors: K. Lakshmi
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a polypeptide immune mediator, is induced within the central nervous system in response to a variety of pathological stimuli, including systemic infection, hypoxia, brain trauma, and seizure. IL-1β action on the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor was investigated in whole cell patch-clamped cultured hippocampal neurons. Application of IL-1β at concentrations encountered in pathophysiological conditions (1–10 ng/ml; 59–590 pM) irreversibly decreased the peak magnitude of current elicited by 30 μM GABA. Current inhibition was IL-1β concentration- and time-dependent and was prevented by a specific IL-1β type I receptor antagonist. No significant changes in current kinetics or reversal potential were observed. The IL-1β depression of GABA current was inhibited by high concentrations of nonspecific kinase inhibitors staurosporine (500 nM) and 1-(5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7; 50 μM), but not by a protein kinase C selective inhibitor calphostin C (5 μM). We conclude that IL-1β inhibits GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor function in hippocampal neurons by the involvement of an unidentified kinase. This blockade of the GABA<sub>A</sub> inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor may underlie the central nervous system hyperexcitability seen in many pathophysiological conditions.
A Comparison of the Survival of Shipped and Locally Transplanted Cadaveric Renal Allografts
Authors: Kevin C. Mange, Wida S. Cherikh, Jude Maghirang, Roy D. Bloom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The effect on allograft survival of the shipment of cadaveric renal allografts from one organ-procurement organization to another is uncertain.
Levels of Radiation
Authors: Marshall Brucer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The FIRST professional radiation scare occurred in 1905. It was followed by a public radiation hysteria. This was excusable. The professional scientists and physicians who were then working with radiation were working with something that was largely unknown. The second wave of radiation hysteria occurred in about 1925. This, to a certain extent, was excusable also. We were just then beginning to define the ideas of quantity and quality of radiation. The professional radiation scare that is just now subsiding is not excusable. We have had 50 years of radiation experience and everything we know about radiation protection was already well known to many professional people and had been thoroughly discussed in the professional literature before World War II. The current wave of public radiation hysteria is less than excusable, for it appears to have been manufactured. The reason that it could have been manufactured is apparently due to the