tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic variables in newly diagnosed childhood immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Shahid Ahmed, Anita K. Siddiqui, Rabia K. Shahid, Miriam Kimpo, Cristina P. Sison, Mark A. Hoffman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has a favorable prognosis in children. Only a small number of children go on to develop chronic ITP. However, at the time of diagnosis, it is not possible to predict the course of the disease. In order to determine prognostic factors that could predict the disease course at diagnosis, we retrospectively evaluated various clinical variables in 103 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed ITP at our institution from 1995 to 2001. Sixty‐eight (66%) patients had a mean platelet volume (MPV) of &lt;8 fL on admission. Of 72 patients who had a follow‐up period of at least 6 months, 54 (75%) achieved a durable remission within 6 months and 18 (25%) developed chronic ITP. In univariate analysis, a low admission MPV (&lt;8), history of viral prodrome, and a low admission platelet count (&lt;10×10 9 /L) predicted for a favorable outcome. Age and sex did not correlate with remission. In multivariate analysis, a low admission MPV and a history of a viral prodrome were the only independent factors correlated with a durable CR. The adjusted odds ratio for achieving a durable remission was 8.9 (95% CI: 1.54–51.8) for history of a viral prodrome and 14 (95% CI: 2.52–83.3) for low admission MPV value. In conclusion, our study showed that a majority of the children with newly diagnosed ITP presented with a low MPV value. A history of viral illness and a low admission MPV were found to be independent prognostic variables that predicted for the achievement of a durable CR in childhood ITP. Am. J. Hematol. 77:358–362, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possible evidence for endogenous production of a novel galanin-like peptide.
Authors: Z L Wang, R N Kulkarni, R M Wang, D M Smith, M A Ghatei, P G Byfield, W M Bennet, S R Bloom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Galanin mRNA and peptide are not detectable in normal islets. We studied the effect of galanin antagonists on insulin secretion in the rat beta cell line, RIN5AH, and in perifused rat islets. In RIN cell membranes galanin and its antagonists showed high affinity for 125I-galanin binding sites [Kd: (galanin) 0.03+/-0.01; Ki for galanin antagonists: (C7) 0.12+/- 0.02, (M35) 0.21+/-0.04, and (M40) 0.22+/-0.03 nM, mean+/- SEM, n = 4]. Galanin (1 microM) inhibited glucose-induced insulin release in islets (control 21.2+/-1.5 vs. galanin 4.5+/-0.2 fmol/islet per min, P < 0.001, n = 6) and RIN5AH cells (control 0.26+/-0.01 vs. galanin 0.15+/-0.02 pmol/10(6) cells per h, P < 0.001, n = 9). In RIN5AH cells, all antagonists blocked the inhibitory effects of galanin and stimulated insulin release in the absence of galanin. C7 and M40 (1 microM) alone significantly stimulated glucose-induced insulin secretion. Purified porcine galanin antibody (GAb) enhanced glucose-induced insulin release from islets (control 100+/- 16.3% vs. GAb 806.1+/-10.4%, P < 0.001, n = 6), and RIN5AH cells (control 100+/-9.6% vs. GAb 149+/-6.8%, P < 0. 01, n = 6). Western blotting of dexamethasone-treated islet extracts using GAb showed a specific band of similar molecular weight to porcine galanin not detected using a rat specific galanin antibody. One possible explanation for these results is the presence of an endogenous galanin-like peptide.
ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: JOHN A. FERRELL
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The economics of public health, as I understand the subject, relates to the policy the government has pursued or should follow with reference to the conservation of human health. All important nations are committed to the policy of developing and conserving their natural resources. The citizens who compose the nation represent the most important item in the list of national assets. The protection of their lives and health is regarded as essential to the national welfare. Likewise states, counties and municipalities recognize that the safeguarding of the life and health of the people is a government responsibility. The principle has received universal adoption, but the programs for applying it vary widely as to scope, cost and results. If the government, in the discharge of its responsibility to society, is to deal intelligently with the problem of human health, it must ascertain the present situation with reference to the amount of
Effect of bucladesine sodium on the plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of purine bases and uridine
Authors: Tetsuya Yamamoto, Yuji Moriwaki, Sumio Takahashi, Zenta Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki Ohata, Touru Fujita, Jun-ichi Yamakita, Takashi Nakano, Keisai Hiroishi, Kazuya Higashino
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
Serum Creatine Phosphokinase Levels in Pigs Reacting Abnormally to Halogenated Anaesthetics
Authors: N. Woolf, L. Hall, C. Thorne, M. Down, R. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were estimated in pigs. Among those known to react abnormally either to halothane alone or to halothane and suxamethonium most had very high levels of CPK. Twenty-four hours after five minutes' anaesthesia with halothane and oxygen a sustained, pronounced rise in the serum CPK occurred in some pigs-principally but not exclusively in the abnormal reactors. Estimation of the serum level of CPK may be a useful screening test for an abnormal hyperpyrexial response to halothane.
KLF2 is essential for primitive erythropoiesis and regulates the human and murine embryonic β-like globin genes in vivo
Authors: Priyadarshi Basu, Pamela E. Morris, Jack L. Haar, Maqsood A. Wani, Jerry B. Lingrel, Karin M. L. Gaensler, Joyce A. Lloyd
Journal: Blood (2005)
More than skin deep?
Authors: M. J Austin
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 46 year old man was admitted with a 6 week history of nausea, vomiting, and night sweats, and a weight loss of 2 stone (12.7 kg). His medical history included excision of a malignant melanoma (Breslow’s thickness 1.6 mm) from the left side of his neck 12 months earlier. There was no evidence of local recurrence, or lymphatic or metastatic spread, 6 months after resection. The patient did not smoke. 

Clinical examination was unremarkable. Initial investigations demonstrated mild leucocytosis, neutrophilia, and thrombocytosis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen (fig 1⇓)and barium enhanced radiography of the small bowel (small bowel follow through; fig 2⇓) were performed.



Fig 1 Computed tomography scan of the patient’s abdomen





Fig 2 Radiograph of the patient’s small bowel 





### 1 What are the different types of malignant melanoma?

#### Short answer

The different types of melanoma are superficial spreading melanoma, lentigo maligna, acral lentiginous melanoma, and nodular melanoma.

#### Long answer

Melanomas fall into four basic categories. Superficial spreading melanoma is by far the most common type, accounting for about 70% of all cases of melanoma. This type of melanoma is seen most often in young people. It has the appearance of an irregular, flat, or slightly raised discoloured pigmented lesion, although the colour can vary between tan, brown, black, red, blue, and white. This type of melanoma can develop in a previously benign mole anywhere on the body, most likely on the trunk in men and the legs in women. 

Lentigo maligna usually appears as a flat or mildly elevated mottled tan, brown, or dark brown discoloured plaque. This type of in …
Abstract 3622: An antibody-based multifaceted approach targeting the human transferrin receptor for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Tracy R. Daniels, Elizabeth Ortiz-Sanchez, Rosendo Luria-Perez, Rafaela Quintero, Gustavo Helguera, Benjamin Bonavida, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Manuel L. Penichet
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We previously developed an antibody-avidin fusion protein (ch128.1Av) targeting the human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1, CD71) that demonstrates direct in vitro cytotoxicity against malignant hematopoietic cells. This cytotoxicity is due to its ability to decrease TfR1 levels leading to lethal iron deprivation. We now report that ch128.1Av shows the ability to bind the Fc gamma receptors and the complement component C1q, suggesting that is capable of eliciting Fc-mediated effector functions such as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC). Additionally, in two disseminated multiple myeloma xenograft mouse models, we show that a single dose of ch128.1Av results in significant anti-tumor activity including long-term survival. Interestingly, the parental antibody without avidin (ch128.1) also shows remarkable in vivo anti-cancer activity despite its lack of in vitro cytotoxicity. Finally, we demonstrate that ch128.1Av is not toxic to pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells using the Long-Term Cell-Initiating Culture (LTC-IC) assay suggesting that these important progenitors would be preserved in different therapeutic approaches, including the in vitro purging of cancer cells for autologous transplantation and in vivo passive immunotherapy. Our results suggest that ch128.1Av and ch128.1 may be effective in the therapy of human multiple myeloma and potentially other hematopoietic malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3622. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3622
Long-term results, hemodynamics, and complications after combined heart and lung transplantation.
Authors: K D Dawkins, S W Jamieson, S A Hunt, J C Baldwin, C M Burke, A Morris, M E Billingham, J Theodore, P E Oyer, E B Stinson
Journal: Circulation (1985)

During the first 31/2 years of the Stanford heart-lung transplant program, 23 transplants have been carried out in 22 patients with severe pulmonary vascular disease. Actuarial survival curves predict 1 and 2 year survival rates of 71% and 57%, respectively, for all patients. As a result of increasing experience, the early mortality of 26% has been reduced, with only one early death occurring in the last eight patients; prior cardiac surgery was a contributing factor in three of the six patients suffering early deaths. Two late deaths occurred in the series 14 and 15 months after operation. One patient died suddenly as a result of an acute myocardial infarct and the other patient died because of respiratory failure. At autopsy, both patients had severe proliferative coronary atherosclerosis with obliterative bronchiolitis affecting the lungs. An additional patient required a retransplant for obliterative bronchiolitis 37 months after the initial procedure, and he too was found to have severe coronary artery disease. Hemodynamics and left ventricular function were normal in patients studied 1 and 2 years after undergoing the transplantation procedure. Thus, the early mortality and morbidity of combined heart and lung transplantation has been significantly reduced, but the long-term complications, particularly graft atherosclerosis and obliterative bronchiolitis, are yet to be fully controlled.
Letter: florence Nightingale's illness.
Authors: G Pickering
Journal: BMJ (1974)

As many dental anaesthetics are still given in the upright position, it seems important in such circumstances for the anaesthetist (1) initially, to check that the back rest of the dental chair will depress quickly and smoothly (some do jam) enabling the patient to be supinated at once; (2) to be conversant with the procedure for dropping the arm rest and moving the patient sideways out of the chair if the back rest jams; and(3) to monitor the pulse throughout the anaesthetic.-Iam, etc., BRYAN LEWIS Birmingham Dexamethasone in Malignant Hyperpyrexia SIR,-A child of 6 years weighing 22-5 kg about to undergo adenoidectomy was given 100 mg thiopentone, 30 mg suxamethonium, and 1 % halothane.After approximately two minutes he was sweating and felt very hot; anaesthesia was discontinued.At this stage his temperature was 39 25°C and there were no signs of muscle rigidity.In view of the report by Dr. F. R. Ellis and others (2 November, p. 270) he was given 4 mg of dexamethasone intravenously as an initial steroid dose.His rectal temperature fell rapidly to 380C within three minutes.No further treatment was given and cooling was not required.His postoperative serum creatine phosphokinase level was 24 U/1.Further investigations are being undertaken and will be reported; it seems probable, however, that instant steroid therapy is ex- tremely important in any patient with suspected malignant hyperpyrexia.-Weare, etc.,
Prednisolone Ameliorates Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Aiko Ogawa, Kazufumi Nakamura, Hiroki Mizoguchi, Nobuharu Fujii, Hideki Fujio, Kengo F. Kusano, Tohru Ohe, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)
Medicine in Egypt at the time of Napoleon Bonaparte
Authors: T. G Russell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The scientists and doctors who accompanied Napoleon to Egypt in 1798 undertook a survey that is one of the great intellectual achievements of the 19th century. It left a record of the health and wellbeing of the people, especialy in Cairo 

In 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Egypt with an army of 55 000 men. With his army was a party of 300 men of science and letters whose objective was to record the culture of Egypt. The result was an extensive series of writings and engravings known as the Description de L'Egypte .1 Part of this great work was devoted to recording the health and wellbeing of the people of Egypt, as observed by Bonaparte's surgeons and physicians. In this article we draw attention to some of their achievements.2



Fig 1 
Claude Louis Berthollet, the distinguished surgeon and chemist who was responsible for recruiting the men of science who accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte on his Egyptian campaign. The decoration in his lapel is that of a Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion d'Honneur



The scientists were selected by Claude Louis Berthollet, who studied medicine and served on scientific committees during the French Revolution (fig 1). He placed in charge of the army's medical core Dr Rene-Nicolas Desgenettes, who was the expedition's chief medical officer. In Egypt, Desgenettes busied himself with the welfare of the French army and the wellbeing of the Egyptian people. He also read papers to the French Institute at Cairo on the causes of ophthalmia and infant mortality. Remarkably, he inoculated himself with pus from a suppurating bubo to fortify himself against bubonic plague. Desgenettes outlined ideas for a new hospital, a pharmacy, and a school of medicine at Cairo.

The celebrated French naturalist and anatomist Georges Leopold Cuvier was invited to participate. He declined because …
Preventing Nuclear War Remains the Top Priority for IPPNW-Reply
Authors: Bernard Lown
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  I welcome Dr Irwin's thoughtful letter. The IPPNW has not deviated from its primary objective of eradicating the greatest public health threat of all time. This has been and will continue to be the exclusive mission of our movement until the world is freed of the nuclear threat.  Dr Irwin and I agree that the $800 billion spent annually on arms is money diverted from the pressing social and medical needs of the underdeveloped and developed countries. The arms race has an adverse impact on millions of human beings. Children in the Third World are already living in the rubble of World War III. It is the hope of IPPNW that by educating the public about this tragedy, the world will demand a reordering of priorities. The IPPNW can go one step further and demonstrate that physicians from the competing power blocs can cooperate to improve world health
The In Vivo Determination of Left Ventricular Volume
Authors: PAUL G. HUGENHOLTZ, HENRY R. WAGNER, HAROLD SANDLER
Journal: Circulation (1968)

End-diastolic volumes, stroke volumes, and ejection fractions determined in quick succession by the fiberoptic indicator-dilution technique and the angiocardiographic method were compared in 63 patients with various disorders, aged 6 weeks to 58 years. The calibration methods are discussed in detail. Good agreement was found (r=0.965) although end-diastolic volume by the fiberoptic-indicator method (FO) (mean, 106.3 ml/m 2 ) consistently exceeded enddiastolic volume by the angiocardiographic method (A) (92.5 ml/m 2 ). Variations in injection techniques, the absolute size of the volume (range, 31.0 to 478.5 ml/m 2 ), and heart rate (from 55 to 179 beats/min) did not influence this correspondence significantly. Stroke volumes, ejection fractions, and end-systolic volumes were compared in 41 patients with nonregurgitant lesions. The correlation coefficients are 0.808, 0.824, and 0.950, respectively. These results show better agreement than was previously suggested by workers utilizing other indicator-dilution systems. Reasons for this finding, such as the fact that studies were carried out in quick succession in the same patients, the advantage of indocyanine green over other indicators, the characteristics of the fiberoptic sampling system, the adequacy of mixing in the human left ventricle, and the errors inherent in the angiocardiographic method are discussed. Since agreement existed over a wide range of volumes, a set of regression equations was calculated that permitted the interchange of stroke volume, ejection fraction, and end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes in situations where one technique is favored over the other. Thus, for end-diastolic volume by angiocardiography, EDV A =0.785 EDV FO + 10.6 (in ml/m 2 ).
Successful Use of CD154 Expression and Intracellular Cytokine Staining to Monitor Changes in Allergen-Specific Th2 Cells in Peripheral Blood of Subjects in a Placebo-Controlled Study of Tolamba™, a Novel Immunotherapeutic Vaccine for Ragweed Allergies
Authors: J.D. Campbell, P. Buchmann, S. Kesting, B. King, R.L. Coffman, E.M. Hessel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
AN EPIDEMIC OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION AND RHEUMATIC FEVER AMONG NAVAL TRAINEES
Authors: R. M. Lhamon, R. H. Huntington, Stafford M. Wheeler, T. Duckett Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 July 1943AN EPIDEMIC OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION AND RHEUMATIC FEVER AMONG NAVAL TRAINEESR. M. LHAMON, R. H. HUNTINGTON, STAFFORD M. WHEELER, M.D., T. DUCKETT JONES, M.D.R. M. LHAMONSearch for more papers by this author, R. H. HUNTINGTONSearch for more papers by this author, STAFFORD M. WHEELER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, T. DUCKETT JONES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-19-1-107_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPublication of this paper was withheld.Discussion on paper of Dr. Boisvert, et al., "Epidemic Rheumatic Fever," and Capt. Lhamon, et al., "An Epidemic of Hemolytic Streptococcus Infection and Rheumatic Fever among Naval Trainees."DR. J. R. PAUL, New Haven, Connecticut: It seems to me that the importance of these studies can hardly be overestimated, particularly at this time. They represent the first military epidemics of rheumatic fever that have been observed and studied in this country. That similar situations have existed for many years is evident from the literature from European sources. In past years the British, Italian, French,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1943Volume 19, Issue 1Page: 107-111KeywordsArmed forcesRheumatic feverStreptococcal infectionsStreptococcus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
Phase II Multicenter Trial of a Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Regimen in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: David Loesch, Nicholas Robert, Lina Asmar, Mary Ann Gregurich, Mark O’Rourke, Shaker Dakhil, Edwin Cox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To determine the activity of weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) by assessing response rate, survival, and safety.One hundred patients with ABC received paclitaxel 135 mg/m(2) (group 1, n = 20) and carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 2. Paclitaxel was subsequently reduced to 100 mg/m(2) (group 2, n = 80) because of toxicity. The median age was 58.5 years, and most patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of <or= 2. Estrogen and progesterone receptor status were evenly distributed among both groups. Sixty-one patients received prior chemotherapy, 37 (61%) of whom received prior doxorubicin. Among 47 patients who received prior hormonal therapy, 43 received tamoxifen.The overall response rate (ORR) among 95 assessable patients was 62%, including 8% complete responses and 54% partial responses. The median time to response was 1.8 months, and the median duration of response was 13.3 months. The median time to progression was 4.8 months. The median survival was 16 months. Neutropenia and leukopenia were the most common grade 3 and 4 toxicities. In group 1, neutropenia (50%) and leukopenia (35%) necessitated dose reductions for 50% of patients during the first three cycles, prompting the reduction in paclitaxel dose to 100 mg/m(2). Grade 3 and 4 nonhematologic toxicities for all patients included peripheral neuropathy (11%), infection (6%), anemia (5%), weakness (6%), and paresthesia (3%).The 62% ORR achieved with weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin is among the highest achieved with chemotherapy for ABC. This high response rate and the lack of cardiotoxicity suggest that the regimen should be considered as a nonanthracycline regimen for future adjuvant therapy.
The Relationship between the Alternative Practitioner and His Patient A Review
Authors: Walter Hewer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

The present paper reviews the empirical studies which have dealt with the therapeutic relationship between the alternative practitioner and his patient. These are based mainly on interviews with patients of nonmedical practitioners of alternative medicine which have been carried out in a few industrialized countries. When evaluating the results of these investigations, one has to consider a number of methodological pitfalls. Nevertheless, there is sufficient evidence for the statement that an asset of the alternative practitioner is his ability to meet the emotional needs of his patients very well. The paper discusses the causes being relevant to this finding and comments on its implications for the practice of orthodox medicine.