tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rap1 controls lymphocyte adhesion cascade and interstitial migration within lymph nodes in RAPL-dependent and -independent manners
Authors: Yukihiko Ebisuno, Koko Katagiri, Tomoya Katakai, Yoshihiro Ueda, Tomomi Nemoto, Hiroyuki Inada, Junichi Nabekura, Takaharu Okada, Reiji Kannagi, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Masayuki Miyasaka, Nancy Hogg, Tatsuo Kinashi
Journal: Blood (2009)
Beyond airflow limitation: another look at COPD
Authors: M. Pistolesi
Journal: Thorax (2008)

More than 40 years ago Benjamin Burrows and his colleagues1 described the distinctive clinical, functional, radiological and pathological characteristics of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotypes that they called emphysematous and bronchial types of chronic airways obstruction. They identified a subgroup of patients who were “ thin ” and had evidence of emphysema on chest x ray, while another subgroup was found to be of “ stocky build ” and had chest x ray changes suggestive of previous pulmonary inflammatory disease. Postmortem anatomical emphysema severity was positively related to emphysema grade on chest x ray, and with total lung capacity and age. Anatomical emphysema was, on the other hand, inversely related to chronic inflammatory changes on chest x ray, and with sputum volume, carbon dioxide tension and diffusing capacity.1 All patients had severe irreversible airways obstruction and died of respiratory failure but, noticeably, reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was not significantly related to anatomical emphysema extent and severity. Burrows et al introduced the terms type A and type B to empirically differentiate patients with the emphysematous type from those with the bronchial type of chronic airways obstruction.1 This phenotypic differentiation of patients with COPD, without being not even seriously questioned or challenged, has never been widely accepted and in more recent times it has been almost totally neglected by the pulmonary scientific community.

In this issue of Thorax , investigators from the Universities of Kyoto, Shiga, and Vancouver,2 continuing a long history of research activity in the field of the in vivo anatomical study of COPD by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), elegantly bring back …
Study finds that half of Indian households affected by cancer have to sell assets to fund care
Authors: A. Datta
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> The gut microbiota is essential for the development of the intestinal immune system. Animal models have suggested that the gut microbiota also acts as a major modulator of systemic innate immunity during sepsis. Microbiota disruption by broad-spectrum antibiotics could thus have adverse effects on cellular responsiveness towards invading pathogens. As such, the use of antibiotics may attribute to immunosuppression as seen in sepsis. We aimed to test whether disruption of the gut microbiota affects systemic innate immune responses during endotoxemia in healthy subjects. <h3>Design</h3> In this proof-of-principle intervention trial, 16 healthy young men received either no treatment or broad-spectrum antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and metronidazole) for 7 days, after which all were administered lipopolysaccharide intravenously to induce a transient sepsis-like syndrome. At various time points, blood and faeces were sampled. <h3>Results</h3> Gut microbiota diversity was significantly lowered by the antibiotic treatment in all subjects. Clinical parameters, neutrophil influx, cytokine production, coagulation activation and endothelial activation during endotoxemia were not different between antibiotic-pretreated and control individuals. Antibiotic treatment had no impact on blood leucocyte responsiveness to various Toll-like receptor ligands and clinically relevant causative agents of sepsis (<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli</i>) during endotoxemia. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings suggest that gut microbiota disruption by broad-spectrum antibiotics does not affect systemic innate immune responses in healthy subjects during endotoxemia in humans, disproving our hypothesis. Further research is needed to test this hypothesis in critically ill patients. These data underline the importance of translating findings in mice to humans. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02127749; Pre-results).
Serum Dioxin-like Activity Is Associated with Reproductive Parameters in Young Men from the General Flemish Population
Authors: Willem Dhooge, Nicolas van Larebeke, Gudrun Koppen, Vera Nelen, Greet Schoeters, Robert Vlietinck, Jean-Marc Kaufman, Frank Comhaire
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Background2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and some related environmental contaminants are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands that exert reproductive and developmental toxicity in laboratory animals. In humans, fertility-related effects are less documented.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dioxin-like biological activity in serum and parameters of reproductive status in men from the general population 5 months after a polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxin food-contamination episode in Belgium.DesignIn the framework of the cross-sectional Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS), we recruited 101 men 20–40 years of age and evaluated sperm parameters, measured sex hormones, and gathered information on a number of lifestyle factors. In addition, we determined the AhR-mediated enzymatic response elicited by individual serum samples and expressed it as TCDD equivalent concentrations (CALUX-TEQs) using an established transactivation assay.ResultsAge (p = 0.04) and the frequency of fish (p = 0.02) and egg (p = 0.001) consumption were independent positive determinants of serum dioxin-like activity. After correcting for possible confounders, we found that a 2-fold increase in CALUX-TEQ > 16 pg/L was associated with a 7.1% and 6.8% (both p = 0.04) decrease in total and free testosterone, respectively. We also observed a more pronounced drop in semen volume of 16.0% (p = 0.03), whereas sperm concentration rose by 25.2% (p = 0.07). No relationship was found with total sperm count or sperm morphology.ConclusionsThese data suggest an interaction of dioxin-like compounds with the secretory function of the seminal vesicles or prostate, possibly indirectly through an effect on testosterone secretion, at levels not affecting spermatogenesis as such.
Universal Health Insurance—Let the Debate Resume
Authors: Rashi Fein
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The article by The Physicians' Working Group for Single-Payer National Health Insurance in this issue of THE JOURNAL should re-energize the much needed debate on universal health insurance. More than 40 million Americans lack health insurance and nearly 60 million are without health insurance for a portion of the year. Employers face rising health insurance premiums, and their employees face increasing cost-sharing. There are ongoing and increasing disagreements about health benefits coverage. Physicians, hospital administrators, home health agency financial officers, and others are increasingly frustrated with the confusion and inefficiencies of the current multiple payment mechanisms. In these fiscally troubled times, state legislators are having difficulty finding funds to support Medicaid and free-care pools. Clearly, there must be a simpler and better way.
Toxic Shock Syndrome or Kawasaki Disease
Authors: HENRY MILGROM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters1 January 1981Toxic Shock Syndrome or Kawasaki DiseaseHENRY MILGROM, M.D., ERSKINE L. PALMER, PH.D., SUSAN F. SLOVIN, PH.D., DAVID M. MORENS, M.D., STANLEY D. FREEDMAN, M.D., JOHN H. VAUGHAN, M.D.HENRY MILGROM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ERSKINE L. PALMER, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, SUSAN F. SLOVIN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID M. MORENS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STANLEY D. FREEDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN H. VAUGHAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-1-138_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The apparently increasing incidence of the tampon-related toxic shock syndrome and its striking similarity to Kawasaki disease (1-3) has rekindled our interest in a case study we recently reported (4).A 26-year old woman was found to have the symptoms of Kawasaki disease—namely, fever, myalgias and asthenia, nausea and vomiting, palmar and plantar diffuse and maculopapular rash followed by desquamation, hepatosplenomegaly, marked hypotension, and cardiac manifestations. The syndrome responded to fluids and electrolyte replacement and naproxen. The illness recurred 1 month later. In retrospective review, the patient was a regular user of tampons (not Rely) and became...References1. . Kawasaki disease—New York. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep. 1980;29:61-3. Google Scholar2. . Toxic-shock syndrome—United States. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep. 1980;29:229-30. Google Scholar3. SNELL G. Adult Kawasaki disease—three occurrences in the same patient. West J Med. 1980;132:548. Letter. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. MILGROMPALMERSLOVINMORENSFREEDMANVAUGHAN HESDSJ. Kawasaki disease in a healthy young adult. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:467-70. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, CA 92037 The Center for Disease Control Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEarly Differentiation of Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome and Toxic Shock Syndrome in a Pediatric Intensive Care UnitMucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in adults differentiation from toxic shock syndromeToxic shock syndromeKAWASAKI'S ENIGMA 1 January 1981Volume 94, Issue 1Page: 138-138KeywordsFeversHeart diseasesHepatosplenomegalyHypotensionKawasaki diseaseMyalgiaNauseaRashesToxic shock syndromeVomiting Issue Published: 1 January 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
The ESR in the diagnosis and management of the polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis syndrome.
Authors: M E Ellis, S Ralston
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A review of 80 patients with the polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis (PMR/GCA) syndrome has revealed that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is normal in 22.5% of cases at presentation. Too much reliance on the ESR as a screening test led to delay in diagnosis in 10 patients. Serious complications occurred in 4 patients with a normal or minimally raised ESR. Analysis of follow-up data at 4 weeks showed no significant correlation between change in the ESR and change in symptoms, and at subsequent clinical attendances symptoms did not consistently parallel the ESR. Our results cast serious doubts on the use of the ESR as an entirely reliable diagnostic and therapeutic aid in the PMR/GCA syndrome.
Only one in four people with uncontrolled epilepsy sees a specialist
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Only a quarter of people in England with epilepsy and ongoing seizures are referred to an epilepsy specialist, a survey of nearly 1000 patients has found.1

In addition, less than a 10th (7%) of people who presented with a first seizure were referred to a specialist within two weeks, and just one in seven (14%) had a written care plan. This level of care falls short of draft quality standards for epilepsy from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, which recommend that all children and adults be seen by a specialist within two weeks of the first seizure, be given a written care …
Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity Predicts Thrombosis-Prone Status in NIDDM Patients
Authors: Antonio Ceriello, Nario Bortolotti, Mario Pirisi, Adriana Crescentini, Laura Tonutti, Enrico Motz, Assunta Russo, Roberta Giacomello, Giuliana Stel, Claudio Taboga
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To explore the hypothesis that a relationship exists between free radical activity and abnormalities in hemostasis in NIDDM.The use of the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) has very recently been proposed to explore the antioxidant property of a plasma and their mutual cooperation. In the present study, TRAP, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, uric acid, protein-bound SH (thiol) groups, fibrinogen, prothrombin fragments F1 + 2, and D-dimer have been evaluated in 46 NIDDM patients and 47 healthy matched control subjects.In NIDDM patients, TRAP, vitamin A, SH groups, and uric acid were significantly reduced, whereas the level of vitamin E was significantly increased. Vitamin C was similar in the two groups. Fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, and D-dimer were increased in diabetic patients. TRAP, but no single other antioxidant, had a strong inverse association with fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, and D-dimer.These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress may condition coagulation activation in diabetics. However, the data suggest that it is the total antioxidant capacity rather than any single plasma antioxidant that is the most relevant parameter.
Rare Case of Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Presenting As a Solitary Paraspinal Mass Alone
Authors: Amitesh C. Roy, Eliza A. Hawkes, Peter Bardy, Tony Woo, Kimberley Ting, David Astill, Christos Stelios Karapetis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Intrathecal streptomycin and deafness.
Authors: M L Haigh
Journal: BMJ (1973)

knowledge of the height and nude weight of the child and ready access to the nomogram itself.These surface area formulae are themselves subject to considerable error and discrepancy.To relate the dose of nalorphine to 1-73 m2 surface area entails further com- plicated mathematics, since not even the most precocious child is likely to have a surface area approaching that figure.Let us leave mathematics to the mathe- maticians and allow clinicians faced with res,piratory depression due to Lomotil to ventilate wit-h oxygen and to give the anti- dote based on the less complicated measurement of body weight.-Iam, etc.,
Hands across the ocean
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Two of the world's greatest nations, both of which have serious image problems, last week achieved milestones that raise new hopes for a better, more open and equitable world. After a heated campaign, China's Dr Margaret Chan has won the contest to become WHO's next director general. As Anne Glusker reports (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39034.630926.DB), optimists see this as a chance for China to become more engaged in the war against infectious disease. But much will depend on Chan's willingness to challenge the secrecy of China's political regime. 

The United States is also set to undergo a transformation after last …
Labour promises healthier food for children and standardised tobacco packaging
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The UK Labour Party has pledged to set limits on levels of fat, salt, and sugar allowable in children’s food if it is elected in the May general election.

The party would also introduce standardised tobacco packaging immediately and tackle the price and distribution of high strength, cheap alcohol, it has announced.

The package of public health commitments were unveiled by the shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, in a speech to the Demos think tank on Thursday 15 January. Outlining Labour’s plans to tackle obesity in the United Kingdom, Burnham said that the party would also seek to improve food labelling by introducing a clearer traffic light based system that would give people “better …
A10.14 Identification of Novel ACPA Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissues Using 2D Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: E Ossipova, G Oliynyk, C Cerqueira, S Becker, J Ytterberg, G Auer, L Klareskog, P-J Jakobsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterised by synovial joint inflammation and pannus formation that leads to degradation of cartilage and the underlying bone. Presence of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) in 60–70% of patients with RA is one of the major characteristics of the disease and associates with a more aggressive disease course, suggesting a direct pathogenic involvement of ACPA in disease initiation and progression. ACPA recognises several citrullinated proteins like fibrinogen, α-enolase, vimentin, and collagen II. In this study, we aim for the identification of novel ACPA targets in synovial tissues of patients with RA. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> RA synovial tissues were obtained from patients undergoing joint replacement surgery for rheumatoid arthritis of the knee or elbow at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Synovial tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen shortly after resection and stored at –80°C. All procedures were approved by Northern Stockholm Ethical Review Board and tissues were obtained with informed patient consent. Proteins, extracted from pulverised frozen synovial tissues and solubilised in lysis buffer, were resolved in 2D PAGE. Separated proteins were directly transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and probed with human ACPA pool obtained using CCP2 affinity columns, kindly provided by Euro-Diagnostica, as described previously. [1] Human IgG and CCP2 flow-through fraction were used as control antibodies. Silver stained gel spots, corresponding to WB signals, were extracted from 2D gels, in-gel digested using Lys-C, and resulting peptides were identified using mass spectrometry. <h3>Results</h3> By combining 2D gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry, we have identified several novel potential ACPA targets as well as already characterised proteins. It remains to demonstrate if these proteins are citrullinated. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Here we demonstrate an extensive ACPA reactivity against novel proteins in RA synovial membranes. The results encourage further exploration of the role of these proteins/peptides in rheumatoid arthritis both as additional biomarkers as well as their potential roles in the pathogenesis of RA. <h3>Reference</h3> Ossipova E, Cerqueira C, Reed E, <i>et al</i>, Affinity purification and characterization of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies from plasma and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis <i>(submitted).</i>
EARLY AND MID TERM HEMODYNAMIC PROFILE OF THE PERCUTANEOUS COREVALVE™ COMPARED TO SURGICAL BIOPROSTHETIC VALVE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS - A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Noam Fink, Rafael Kuperstein, Amit Segev, Victor Guetta, Ehud Raanani, Micha S. Feinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Hypercoagulability states in upper‐extremity deep venous thrombosis
Authors: F.W.G. Leebeek, N.A.M. Stadhouders, D. van Stein, E.B. Gómez‐García, M.C. Kappers‐Klunne
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity (DVTUE) is a rare thrombotic disorder that may occur spontaneously but is most often related to predisposing factors, such as an indwelling central venous catheter, malignancy, or exercise. The role of coagulation disorders, i.e., a hypercoagulable state in the pathogenesis of DVTUE is not well known. We have evaluated both genetic and acquired thrombophilia parameters in consecutive patients with DVTUE. A hypercoagulable state was found in 32% of the patients. The most frequent coagulation abnormality was the presence of lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies (27%). Factor V Leiden mutation was detected in two patients, antithrombin deficiency in one, and none of the patients had the prothrombin G20210A gene variant or protein C or S deficiency. The prevalence of coagulation abnormalities was not significantly different in a subgroup of patients with spontaneous DVTUE as compared to those with an obvious predisposing factor, such as an indwelling central venous catheter. We conclude that antiphospholipid antibodies are frequently found in patients with DVTUE. Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin 20210A gene variant, protein C deficiency, and protein S deficiency do not seem to play a major pathogenetic role in DVTUE. Am. J. Hematol. 67:15–19, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The hematopoietic cell transplantation‐specific comorbidity index (HCT‐CI) is an outcome predictor for partially matched related donor transplantation
Authors: Xiao‐Dong Mo, Lan‐Ping Xu, Dai‐Hong Liu, Xiao‐Hui Zhang, Huan Chen, Yu‐Hong Chen, Wei Han, Yu Wang, Feng‐Rong Wang, Jing‐Zhi Wang, Kai‐Yan Liu, Xiao‐Jun Huang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

To validate the predictive ability of the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Specific Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) on the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients who received transplants from partially matched related donors (PMRD), a total of 526 patients who received PMRD HSCT between January 2006 and December 2009 at the Institute of Hematology, Peking University were enrolled. Patients were grouped according to their HCT-CI score; 31.0%, 31.4%, and 37.6% of patients had HCT-CI scores of 0, 1-2, and ≥3, respectively. Patients with HCT-CI scores of ≥3 had a significantly poorer 2-year overall survival (OS) than patients with HCT-CI scores of 0-2 (54.55% vs. 78.05%, P < 0.001). In addition, patients with HCT-CI scores of ≥3 had a significantly higher 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) than patients with scores of 0-2 (relapse: 23.23% vs. 11.59%, P < 0.001; NRM: 34.30% vs. 15.93%, P < 0.001). HCT-CI scores of <3 were associated with better OS, less relapse, and lower NRM in multivariate analysis. Patients who had high comorbidity scores as well as high-risk disease had the poorest outcomes. Therefore, we found that HCT-CI is associated with the outcomes of PMRD HSCT and we should closely monitor patients with a high comorbidity burden.
System changes to improve patient safety
Authors: T. W Nolan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The automated teller machine that dispenses cash and other banking transactions has become ubiquitous in many parts of the world. Most machines follow one of two sequences to complete a transaction. Some dispense the money first and then return the card. Others reverse these two steps. Since the aim of the transaction is to obtain the money, common sense and research in human factors predict that the person using the machine is more likely to forget the card if it is returned after the money is dispensed.1 The order is designed into the system and produces a predictable risk of error.

Researchers have documented the extent of errors and their effect on patient safety. 2 3 Like the card forgotten at the automated teller machine, many of the adverse events resulted from an error made by a person who was capable of performing the task safely, had done so many times in the past, and faced significant personal consequences for the error. Although we cannot change the aspects of human cognition that cause us to err, we can design systems that reduce error and make them safer for patients.4 My aim here is to outline an approach to designing safe systems of care based on the work of human factors experts and reliability engineers.

#### Summary points

Many errors are attributable to characteristics of human cognition, and their risk is predictable

Systems can be designed to help prevent errors, to make them detectable so they can be intercepted, and to provide means of mitigation if they are not intercepted

Tactics to reduce errors and mitigate their adverse effects include reducing complexity, optimising information processing, using automation and constraints, and mitigating unwanted effects of change

Designers of systems of care can make them safer by attending to three tasks: designing the system …