tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis
Authors: M. J. Bolland, A. Grey, A. Avenell, G. D. Gamble, I. R. Reid
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objectives</b> To investigate the effects of personal calcium supplement use on cardiovascular risk in the Women’s Health Initiative Calcium/Vitamin D Supplementation Study (WHI CaD Study), using the WHI dataset, and to update the recent meta-analysis of calcium supplements and cardiovascular risk. <b>Design</b> Reanalysis of WHI CaD Study limited access dataset and incorporation in meta-analysis with eight other studies. <b>Data source</b> WHI CaD Study, a seven year, randomised, placebo controlled trial of calcium and vitamin D (1g calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily) in 36 282 community dwelling postmenopausal women. <b>Main outcome measures </b>Incidence of four cardiovascular events and their combinations (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, death from coronary heart disease, and stroke) assessed with patient-level data and trial-level data. <b>Results</b> In the WHI CaD Study there was an interaction between personal use of calcium supplements and allocated calcium and vitamin D for cardiovascular events. In the 16 718 women (46%) who were not taking personal calcium supplements at randomisation the hazard ratios for cardiovascular events with calcium and vitamin D ranged from 1.13 to 1.22 (P=0.05 for clinical myocardial infarction or stroke, P=0.04 for clinical myocardial infarction or revascularisation), whereas in the women taking personal calcium supplements cardiovascular risk did not alter with allocation to calcium and vitamin D. In meta-analyses of three placebo controlled trials, calcium and vitamin D increased the risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk 1.21 (95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.44), P=0.04), stroke (1.20 (1.00 to 1.43), P=0.05), and the composite of myocardial infarction or stroke (1.16 (1.02 to 1.32), P=0.02). In meta-analyses of placebo controlled trials of calcium or calcium and vitamin D, complete trial-level data were available for 28 072 participants from eight trials of calcium supplements and the WHI CaD participants not taking personal calcium supplements. In total 1384 individuals had an incident myocardial infarction or stroke. Calcium or calcium and vitamin D increased the risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk 1.24 (1.07 to 1.45), P=0.004) and the composite of myocardial infarction or stroke (1.15 (1.03 to 1.27), P=0.009). <b>Conclusions </b>Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D modestly increase the risk of cardiovascular events, especially myocardial infarction, a finding obscured in the WHI CaD Study by the widespread use of personal calcium supplements. A reassessment of the role of calcium supplements in osteoporosis management is warranted.
Mood States and Type A Behavior in Japanese Male Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Isao Fukunishi, Masaki Hattori
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: In Japanese studies, job involvement, e.g., job-centered lifestyle has been thought to be a major component in Type A behavior (TAB) rather than hostility and anger. We examined the influence of TAB including job involvement such as job-centered lifestyle on mood states such as depression following cardiac attack among Japanese male patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: After the first attack, the Jenkins Survey Activity was administered to 46 male patients with acute MI. Five years later, 33 patients remained as subjects. The Profile of Mood States was administered to the 33 subjects. Results: The subjects are prone to unstable mood states compared to healthy controls. The severity of depression was significantly correlated with the global TAB. Of the global TAB, the job involvement was closely associated with depression as well as other mood states such as anxiety and fatigue. Conclusion: TAB, in particular job involvement, may be a predictor for depression following the cardiac attack.
Identification of the origin of cells in human basal cell carcinoma xenografts in mice using in situ hybridization
Authors: S.A. HALES, G. STAMP, M. EVANS, K.A. FLEMING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

In an attempt to identify more clearly the origin of cells in human basal cell carcinoma xenografts in mice, paraffin and frozen sections were subjected to in situ DNA hybridization with biotin labelled human and murine DNA probes. Human skin and mouse skin sections were used as controls. As expected, the implanted epithelium reacted with the human DNA probe and the surface epithelium and most of the stromal cells reacted with the murine probe. However, the stroma immediately surrounding the implanted epithelium contained cells of human origin mixed with murine cells. Occasional murine cells (presumed inflammatory) were present in the human implanted epithelium. Assessment showed no correlation between the degree of differentiation of the implanted epithelium and the ratio of human/murine cells in the contiguous stroma. This technique provides a sensitive test for identifying human cells in xenografts and may be useful in assessing the role of stromal cells in the differentiation of a variety of carcinomas.
Trial by Fire: In Memoriam
Authors: David Muller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

On Being a Doctor1 July 2008Trial by Fire: In MemoriamDavid Muller, MDDavid Muller, MDFrom Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-1-200807010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I'm standing in a long, empty corridor in a cold sweat, a scream welling up inside me. There's a phone wedged between my right ear and my shoulder, and while part of me is listening to the voice coming through the receiver, another part of me is staring at the LED display on my beeper in disbelief. Instead of a distinct 5-digit phone extension, all I see is a steady stream of digits. After hoping for a brief moment that it's a malfunction, I realize that it's because I'm being paged so often that the display can no longer keep ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029.Corresponding Author: David Muller, MD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1216, New York, NY 10029. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCorrection: Trial by Fire: In Memoriam Metrics Cited byCorrection: Trial by Fire: In Memoriam 1 July 2008Volume 149, Issue 1Page: 60KeywordsBloodChartsChemotherapyClinical trialsIschemiaNursesRiversRunningShouldersSweat ePublished: 1 July 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN. AN INTERPRETATION OF ITS CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND RENAL HEMODYNAMIC FEATURES AS VARIATIONS OF A SINGLE TYPE OF NEPHRON DISEASE 12
Authors: Jack Metcoff, W. M. Kelsey, C. A. Janeway, Audrey Andrews, Margaret Hasson, Bernice Goldberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

It is the purpose of this report to describe and interpret the varied renal hemodynamic patterns and associated clinical and biochemical features ob- served in 29 children with the nephrotic syndrome studied between January, 1949, and June, 1950.Cases of the "nephrotic syndrome" present cer- tain uniform and consistent clinical' features (1), but their separation into two groups, "nephrosis" and the "nephrotic stage of nephritis," has been rather arbitrary and frequently difficult.Normal or supernormal renal function (2) on the one hand, and hematuria, hypertension, and azotemia (3-6) on the other, have been the classical criteria for this distinction.However, review of the clinical course of patients classified as "nephrosis" with subsequent complete remission, has shown that moderate hematuria, hypertension and azotemia were common transiently observed phenomena (7-10).Moreover, serial renal function studies have demonstrated varying degrees of functional impairment in patients clinically classified as instances of either nephrosis (11, 12) or the nephrotic stage of glomerulonephritis (13-15).This study was undertaken in order to deter- mine:
Treatment with Convalescent Plasma for Influenza A (H5N1) Infection
Authors: Boping Zhou, Nanshan Zhong, Yi Guan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Treatment with Convalescent Plasma for Influenza A (H5N1) InfectionTo the Editor: A previously healthy 31-year-old male van driver presented to a local clinic in Shenzhen, in southern China, on June 7, 2006, with a 4-day history of a high fever (temperature, 39.9°C), chills, and a cough with clear sputum.A chest radiograph obtained on June 9 revealed large opacities in the lower lobe of the left lung.A reversetranscriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay and an isolate from a tracheal aspirate were positive for influenza A (H5N1) virus.Treatment with 150 mg of oseltamivir twice daily was started at 2 a.m. on June 12 (Fig. 1).After 2 days, there was increased consolidation in the right lung and only slight improvement in the left lung.Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a high viral load (1.31×10 5 copies per milliliter) when it was first measured (at 4 a.m.
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Versus Drug-Eluting Stents for Patients With Isolated Proximal Left Anterior Descending Disease
Authors: Edward L. Hannan, Ye Zhong, Gary Walford, David R. Holmes, Ferdinand J. Venditti, Peter B. Berger, Alice K. Jacobs, Nicholas J. Stamato, Jeptha P. Curtis, Samin Sharma, Spencer B. King
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Insulin increases expression of apobec-1, the catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing complex in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Mathew A. von Wronski, Ken-Ichi Hirano, Lauren M. Cagen, Henry G. Wilcox, Rajendra Raghow, Fayanne E. Thorngate, Murray Heimberg, Nicholas O. Davidson, Marshall B. Elam
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
Development of iron chelators to treat iron overload disease and their use as experimental tools to probe intracellular iron metabolism
Authors: D.R. Richardson, P. Ponka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The development of an orally effective iron (Fe) chelator for the treatment of Fe overload diseases such as β-thalassemia has been a difficult challenge. Even though the drug in current clinical use, desferrioxamine (DFO), is efficient and remarkably free of toxicity, it suffers from not being orally effective and requiring long subcutaneous infusion to mobilize sufficient quantities of Fe. In addition, DFO is very expensive, which precludes it from treating most of the world's thalassemic population. Therefore, the development of an economical and orally effective Fe chelator is of great importance. Despite the screening of a wide range of structurally diverse ligands from both natural and synthetic sources, few compounds have been promising enough to proceed to clinical trials. In the current review, the properties of an ideal chelator are discussed, followed by a description of the most successful ligands that have been identified. Apart from the use of Fe chelators as therapeutic agents, some of these compounds have also been useful as experimental probes to investigate cellular Fe metabolism. We describe here the most important of these studies. Am. J. Hematol. 58: 299–305, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of blood flow on the leukocyte-endothelium interaction in pulmonary microvessels.
Authors: G E Kuhnle, W M Kuebler, J Groh, A E Goetz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Circulating leukocytes are retained in the microcirculation of the lung. The site of leukocyte retention, however, is still a subject of controversy, and the effects of microvascular blood flow on the leukocyte-endothelium interaction in pulmonary microvessels are unknown. We used in vivo fluorescence microscopy to analyze microhemodynamics and the flow behavior of in vivo-labeled leukocytes in pulmonary arterioles, venules, and alveolar capillaries. Microvascular blood flow was altered by variation of cardiac output. Leukocytes were found to roll and to stick on arteriolar and more pronouncedly on venular endothelium. During their passage through alveolar capillaries, a fraction of passing leukocytes became static for 0.1 to > 5 s. Under control conditions, leukocytes were concentrated approximately 8-fold more in arterioles and 24-fold more in venules than in the blood passing through these vessels. The concentration in capillaries was 1.5 times greater than in venules. The velocity of rolling leukocytes in arterioles and venules correlated significantly with the shear rate in these vessels, whereas the density of sticking cells was negatively correlated with the shear rate. The differences between leukocyte rolling and sticking in arterioles and in venules cannot be explained by respective hemodynamic conditions. In alveolar capillaries, the percentage of temporarily static leukocytes and the time of their stasis were inversely correlated with red-blood-cell (RBC) velocity. We conclude that leukocytes are retained in pulmonary arterioles, venules, and alveolar capillaries according to microvascular blood flow and endothelial factors.
Multiscale Motion Mapping
Authors: Michael Sühling, Christian Jansen, Muthuvel Arigovindan, Peter Buser, Stephan Marsch, Michael Unser, Patrick Hunziker
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Objective, quantitative, segmental noninvasive/bedside measurement of cardiac motion is highly desirable in cardiovascular medicine, but current technology suffers from significant drawbacks, such as subjectivity of conventional echocardiographic reading, angle dependence of tissue Doppler measurements, radiation exposure by computer tomography, and infrastructure requirements in MRI. We hypothesized that computer vision technology could represent a powerful new paradigm for quantification in echocardiography.We present multiscale motion mapping, a novel computer vision technology that is based on mathematical image processing and that exploits echocardiographic information in a fashion similar to the human visual system. It allows Doppler- and border-independent determination of motion and deformation in echocardiograms at arbitrary locations. Correctness of the measurements was documented in synthetic echocardiograms and phantom experiments. Exploratory case studies demonstrated its usefulness in a series of complex motion analyses that included abnormal septal motion and analysis of myocardial twisting. Clinical applicability was shown in a consecutive series of echocardiograms, in which good feasibility, good correlation with expert rating, and good intraobserver and interobserver concordance were documented. Separate assessment of 2D displacement and deformation at the same location was successfully applied to elucidate paradoxical septal motion, a common clinical problem.This is the first clinical report of multiscale motion mapping, a novel approach to echocardiographic motion quantification. For the first time, full 2D echocardiographic assessment of both motion and deformation is shown to be feasible. Overcoming current limitations, this computer vision-based technique opens a new door to objective analysis of complex heart motion.
Receptor heterodimerization: a new level of cross-talk
Authors: P. J. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Most G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) probably exist as homodimers, but it is increasingly recognized that GPCRs may also dimerize with other types of GPCRs and that this physical interaction may affect the function of either receptor. A study in this issue of the JCI demonstrates how heterodimerization between prostaglandin E receptors and β2–adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) in airway smooth muscle cells results in uncoupling of β2ARs and a diminished bronchodilator response to β2AR agonists (see the related article beginning on page 1400). This illustrates what we believe to be a novel mechanism of receptor cross-talk and highlights the potential importance of GPCR heterodimerization in diseases such as asthma and how this could lead to the development of more specific therapies in the future.
THE BASIS OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE AND THE PROPER METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exhibit honors Spanish Nobelist on 50th anniversary of death
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the death of neuroscientist Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934). To honor Cajal, the American Academy of Neurology presented an exhibit of his works— including histology drawings, photographs, and slide preparations—at its annual meeting in Boston.  Cajal, who in 1906 shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Camillo Golgi, is best known for the improvement and application of Golgi's silver nitrate stain, which provided him with evidence that neurons are the basic signaling unit of the nervous system. This neuron doctrine, as it came to be called, refuted the earlier reticular theory that envisioned neuronal processes (axons and dentrites) ending in a network of enmeshed fibers rather than in distinct synapses.  Cajal's accomplishments were commemorated on two Spanish postage stamps—one in 1934, the year of his death, and the other in 1952, the centennial of his birth—and on a Swedish stamp in
Retrial ordered over murder of Australian psychiatrist
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The High Court of Australia has ordered a retrial of deregistered psychiatrist Jean Eric Gassy, and quashed his 2004 conviction for the murder of a former colleague, Margaret Tobin ( BMJ 2004;329:759, 2 October, doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7469.759).

Dr Tobin, who was director of mental health for South Australia, was shot four times on 14 October 2002, as she left a lift, returning from lunch to her office in central Adelaide.

The …
Quantitative studies on UVA-induced erythema in human skin
Authors: B.L. DIFFEY, P.M. FARR, A.M. OAKLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

The erythemal response of normal human skin to UVA and UVB radiation was measured objectively using a reflectance instrument in seven subjects, and a laser Doppler velocimeter in two subjects. UVA radiation was produced using a newly-developed high-intensity UVA lamp. The slope of the log dose-erythemal response curve for UVA at 24 h after irradiation was found not to differ significantly from that for UVB. The time course of UVA erythema was biphasic; erythema was present immediately after irradiation, fell to a minimum at about 4 h and then rose to a broad plateau between 6 and 24 h. The intensity of the early phase was dose-rate dependent, whereas that in the later phase depended on dose only.
Bone Scans in Bone Metastases from Functioning Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: LUCIANO A. CASTILLO, S D J YEH, R D LEEPER, R S BENUA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Sixty percent of differentiated thyroid carcinoma bone metastases identified by local radioactive iodide uptake and radiographic changes were negative in the bone scans. Another 20% of the bony metastases showed only a minimal increased uptake of bone imaging radionuclides. It is concluded that the bone scan is not a useful tool in the work-up for metastatic thyroid cancer.
To Have Been or Not to Have Been
Authors: V. J. Derbes
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I enjoyed reading the clever and well written editorial, "To Have Been or Not to Have Been," but the remark of Horace about Homer, namely "Indignor, quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus," may apply here. Your editorialist uses the word hypothecate for hypothesize. Webster gives for hypothecate: "To subject to a hypothec; to pledge without delivery of title or possession; specif., of vessels, to pledge by a bottomry bond."
Heparin plus Alteplase Compared with Heparin Alone in Patients with Submassive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Stavros Konstantinides, Annette Geibel, Gerhard Heusel, Fritz Heinrich, Wolfgang Kasper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The use of thrombolytic agents in the treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with acute submassive pulmonary embolism remains controversial.
Chromosomal translocation involving the beta T cell receptor gene in acute leukemia.
Authors: M L Cleary, J D Mellentin, J Spies, S D Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

DNA spanning a t(7;19) chromosomal translocation breakpoint was isolated from the human T cell line SUP-T7 established from an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the point of crossover on chromosome 7 occurred immediately adjacent to joining segment J beta 1.1 within the TCR-beta gene, suggesting that this translocation resulted from an error in TCR gene rearrangement. On chromosome 19, the translocation occurred within a previously uncharacterized transcriptional unit for which we propose the name lyl-1. An approximately 1.5-kb RNA is transcribed from this gene in a wide variety of hematolymphoid cell lines. The t(7;19) results in truncation of the lyl-1 gene and production of abnormal-sized RNAs, suggesting a role for lyl-1 in the pathogenesis of this leukemia.