tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity Associated With Pornography Consumption
Authors: Simone Kühn, Jürgen Gallinat
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Since pornography appeared on the Internet, the accessibility, affordability, and anonymity of consuming visual sexual stimuli have increased and attracted millions of users. Based on the assumption that pornography consumption bears resemblance with reward-seeking behavior, novelty-seeking behavior, and addictive behavior, we hypothesized alterations of the frontostriatal network in frequent users.To determine whether frequent pornography consumption is associated with the frontostriatal network.In a study conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, Germany, 64 healthy male adults covering a wide range of pornography consumption reported hours of pornography consumption per week. Pornography consumption was associated with neural structure, task-related activation, and functional resting-state connectivity.Gray matter volume of the brain was measured by voxel-based morphometry and resting state functional connectivity was measured on 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scans.We found a significant negative association between reported pornography hours per week and gray matter volume in the right caudate (P < .001, corrected for multiple comparisons) as well as with functional activity during a sexual cue-reactivity paradigm in the left putamen (P < .001). Functional connectivity of the right caudate to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was negatively associated with hours of pornography consumption.The negative association of self-reported pornography consumption with the right striatum (caudate) volume, left striatum (putamen) activation during cue reactivity, and lower functional connectivity of the right caudate to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex could reflect change in neural plasticity as a consequence of an intense stimulation of the reward system, together with a lower top-down modulation of prefrontal cortical areas. Alternatively, it could be a precondition that makes pornography consumption more rewarding.
Mutant K-ras2 in serum
Authors: H J N Andreyev
Journal: Gut (2003)

Ryan and colleagues’ careful and well conducted study ( Gut 2003; 52 :101–8) raises once again the interesting issue of whether molecular analysis and knowledge of mutations of the Kirsten ras gene in particular, have a role in the management of patients with colorectal cancer.

The two RASCAL (Kirsten Ras in Colorectal Cancer Collaborative group) studies1,2 which eventually enrolled data from 4266 patients from 42 centres in 21 countries showed that although the frequency of Kirsten ras mutations at codons 12 and 13 may vary a little between populations, overall they are only present in just over one third of patients. This is significantly less frequent than quoted by Ryan et al . In addition, the RASCAL study also showed that Kirsten ras mutations are …
Predictive score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and additional value of liver large cell dysplasia in Western patients with cirrhosis
Authors: N Ganne-Carrie, C Chastang, F Chapel, C Munz, D Pateron, M Sibony, P Deny, J Trinchet, P Callard, C Guettier, M Beaugrand
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The aim of this study was to identify high-risk patients for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among 151 patients with histologically proven cirrhosis hospitalized from 1987 to 1990 and prospectively followed-up until June 1994, 31 developed HCC. We assessed the predictive value of 22 variables recorded at enrollment for HCC occurrence by the log rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Six clinical and biological variables summarized predictive information of HCC: age &gt; or = 50 years ( P = .01), male ( P = .01), large esophageal varices (EV) ( P = .03), prothrombin activity &lt; 70% ( P = .04), serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) &gt; or = 15 ng/L ( P = .06), and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies ( P = .08). A clinicobiological predictive score identified two groups of patients at low (n = 67; 3-year cumulative incidence, 0%) and high risk for HCC (n = 84; 3-year cumulative incidence, 24%). The predictive value of this score was confirmed using an independent population of 49 patients with cirrhosis. Furthermore, liver large-cell dysplasia (LCD) had an additional predictive value in high-risk patients (P = 10 -4 , which thus helped to define a subgroup at very high risk for HCC (n = 12; 3-year cumulative incidence, 72%). In Western patients with cirrhosis, a limited number of usual variables can identify a group of patients at high risk for HCC. Among these patients, liver biopsy allows for the determination a subgroup of patients at very high risk for HCC requiring intensive screening or preventive measures.
Mortality in Barrett's oesophagus: results from a population based study
Authors: L.A. Anderson, L.J. Murray, S.J. Murphy, D.A. Fitzpatrick, B.T. Johnston, R.G.P. Watson, Peter McCarron, A.T. Gavin
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Patients with Barrett's oesophagus have an increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma but this cancer only accounts for a small proportion of deaths in these patients. Other causes of death are reportedly raised in this group. We examined cause specific mortality among individuals in a population based Barrett's oesophagus register. <b>Methods:</b> We constructed a register of all patients diagnosed with columnar mucosa (including specialised intestinal metaplasia) of the oesophagus within Northern Ireland between 1993 and 1999. Deaths occurring within this cohort until 31 December 2000 were identified and mortality rates were compared with the general population. <b>Results:</b> Overall mortality was not raised in Barrett's patients. During 7413 person years of follow up in 2373 patients there were 253 deaths (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 96 (95% confidence interval (CI) 84–107)). Mortality from oesophageal cancer was raised in patients with specialised intestinal metaplasia (SMR 774 (95% CI 317–1231)) but only 4.7% of patients died from this cancer. Mortality from stroke (SMR 65 (95% CI 37–93)) was significantly lower than the general population while mortality from non-cancerous digestive system diseases was significantly higher (SMR 211 (95% CI 111–311)). Mortality rates from all other causes were similar to those of the general population. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study demonstrates that the overall mortality rate in patients with Barrett's oesophagus is closely similar to that of the general population. Oesophageal cancer mortality was raised but is an uncommon cause of death in these patients who also appear to have a reduced risk of death from stroke.
Pyridoxine Is Not Effective to Prevent Hand-Foot Syndrome Associated With Capecitabine Therapy: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Yoon-Koo Kang, Sung Sook Lee, Dok Hyun Yoon, So Young Lee, Young Ju Chun, Min Sun Kim, Min-Hee Ryu, Heung-Moon Chang, Jae-Lyun Lee, Tae Won Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

To determine whether concurrent pyridoxine therapy can prevent the development of hand-foot syndrome (HFS) in patients being treated with capecitabine.Chemotherapy-naive patients with GI tract cancers scheduled for capecitabine-containing chemotherapy were randomly assigned to concurrent oral pyridoxine (200 mg/d) or placebo. Patients were stratified by chemotherapy regimen and monitored until development of National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 2 or worse HFS or capecitabine-containing chemotherapy ended. Patients in the placebo group who developed grade 2 or worse HFS were randomly assigned again to receive pyridoxine or placebo in the next chemotherapy cycle to determine whether pyridoxine could improve HFS.The median number of chemotherapy cycles to grade 2 or worse HFS was three in both groups. Grade 2 or worse HFS developed in 55 (30.6%) of 180 placebo-treated patients and in 57 (31.7%) of 180 pyridoxine patients. The cumulative dose of capecitabine to grade 2 or worse HFS was not different between the two groups (median not reached in either group; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95; P = .788). Randomization of the 44 patients in the placebo group with grade 2 or worse HFS to placebo or pyridoxine for the next cycle resulted in no significant difference in the proportion showing improvement of HFS (42.9% v 47.8%; HR = 1.12; P = .94). By multivariate analysis, age > or = 56 years (HR = 1.768; 95% CI, 1.190 to 2.628; P = .005) was an independent risk factor for grade 2 or worse HFS, and combined use of docetaxel (HR = 2.046; 95% CI, 0.880 to 4.755; P = .096) was of borderline significance.Pyridoxine is not effective in prevention of capecitabine-associated HFS.
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor blockade enhances chemotherapy and radiation responses and inhibits tumour growth in human gastric cancer xenografts
Authors: Y Min
Journal: Gut (2005)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I receptor (IGF-Ir) signalling is required for carcinogenicity and proliferation of many tumours but this pathway has not been studied in detail in gastric cancer. We have previously shown successful therapy for colorectal, pancreatic, and lung cancer using recombinant adenoviruses expressing dominant negative (dn) IGF-Ir. In this study, we sought to better dissect the role of IGF-Ir on progression of gastric cancer and determine whether IGF-Ir targeted adenoviruses represent potentially effective therapeutics for human gastric cancer.We assessed the effect of IGF-Ir ligands on proliferation and survival in gastric cancer cells in culture. Then, recombinant adenoviruses expressing truncated IGF-Ir (482 and 950 amino acids long, IGF-Ir/dn) that function as dn inhibitors were studied in the treatment of human gastric cancer xenografts. We characterised the effects of IGF-Ir/dn on signalling blockade, growth, apoptosis induction, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy.IGF-Ir signalling promoted tumour growth and survival in gastric cancer. IGF-Ir/dn expression suppressed tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo and upregulated stressor induced apoptosis. IGF-Ir/dn blocked Akt-1 activation induced by IGF-I, IGF-II, and des(1-3)IGF-I, but not by insulin. IGF-Ir/dn expression increased radiation and chemotherapy induced apoptosis and the combination of IGF-Ir/dn and chemotherapy was very effective against tumours in mice. In an intraperitoneal model, IGF-Ir/dn therapy also suppressed peritoneal dissemination.IGF-Ir is involved in the regulation of survival and cell growth in human gastric cancer and may be a good molecular therapeutic target. Adenovirus-IGF-Ir/dn may thus have therapeutic use in gastric cancer.
Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for patients with stage-1 endometrial carcinoma: multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Carien L Creutzberg, Wim LJ van Putten, Peter CM Koper, Marnix LM Lybeert, Jan J Jobsen, Carla C Wárlám-Rodenhuis, Karin AJ De Winter, Ludy CHW Lutgens, Alfons CM van den Bergh, Elzbieta van de Steen-Banasik, Henk Beerman, Mat van Lent
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Radiolabeled Cyclic RGD Peptides as Radiotracers for Imaging Tumors and Thrombosis by SPECT
Authors: Yang Zhou, Sudipta Chakraborty, Shuang Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2011)

The integrin family is a group of transmembrane glycoprotein comprised of 19 α- and 8 β-subunits that are expressed in 25 different α/β heterodimeric combinations on the cell surface. Integrins play critical roles in many physiological processes, including cell attachment, proliferation, bone remodeling, and wound healing. Integrins also contribute to pathological events such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, tumor invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, infection by pathogenic microorganisms, and immune dysfunction. Among 25 members of the integrin family, the α(v)β(3) is studied most extensively for its role of tumor growth, progression and angiogenesis. In contrast, the α(IIb)β(3 )is expressed exclusively on platelets, facilitates the intercellular bidirectional signaling ("inside-out" and "outside-in") and allows the aggregation of platelets during vascular injury. The α(IIb)β(3) plays an important role in thrombosis by its activation and binding to fibrinogen especially in arterial thrombosis due to the high blood flow rate. In the resting state, the α(IIb)β(3) on platelets does not bind to fibrinogen; on activation, the conformation of platelet is altered and the binding sites of α(IIb)β(3 )are exposed for fibrinogen to crosslink platelets. Over the last two decades, integrins have been proposed as the molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy of cancer, thrombosis and other diseases. Several excellent review articles have appeared recently to cover a broad range of topics related to the integrin-targeted radiotracers and their nuclear medicine applications in tumor imaging by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or a positron-emitting radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET). This review will focus on recent developments of α(v)β(3)-targeted radiotracers for imaging tumors and the use of α(IIb)β(3)-targeted radiotracers for thrombosis imaging, and discuss different approaches to maximize the targeting capability of cyclic RGD peptides and improve the radiotracer excretion kinetics from non-cancerous organs. Improvement of target uptake and target-to-background ratios is critically important for target-specific radiotracers.
FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE TOXICITY OF NaCl
Authors: Lewis K. Dahl, Ralph Tuthill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) of Okamoto and Aoki (4) develops significant hypertension without added dietary salt. Many patients with hypertension have little or no alteration in blood pressure from increments or decrements of salt intake. Such observations have led to a widespread belief that dietary NaCl is important in hypertensives only if blood pressure changes are observed after changes in NaCl intake. Such a simplistic view of hypertension fails to take into account the possibility that morbidity and mortality might be lowered by restricting dietary NaCl, without a concomitant lowering of blood pressure. The effect of a high NaCl intake for periods up to 1 yr has been studied in the SHR with the following conclusions: (a) NaCl accelerated the rate at which hypertension developed in both sexes. (b) The ultimate levels of blood pressure reached by males on either high or low salt diets were similar, however. (c) In females, (1) on high NaCl the average blood pressure ultimately became indistinguishable from males whereas (2) on low NaCl pressure remained significantly lower than that of males. (d) The addition of NaCl to the regimen had a devastating effect on mortality of both sexes and was not directly correlated with the level of blood pressure. Earlier reports were reviewed bearing on the possibility that NaCl is inimical to blood vessels without a necessary relationship to its hypertensinogenic effect. It was concluded that restriction of dietary NaCl would reduce morbidity and mortality in hypertension, whether or not blood pressure was reduced by such measures.
Blunted coronary flow reserve in systemic sclerosis: a sign of cardiac involvement in asymptomatic patients
Authors: A Sulli, M Ghio, G P Bezante, L Deferrari, C Craviotto, V Sebastiani, M Setti, G Filaci, F Puppo, A Barsotti, M Cutolo, F Indiveri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Secondary addition of methotrexate to partial responders to etanercept alone is effective in severe rheumatoid arthritis
Neutrophilic inflammation and IL-8 levels in induced sputum of alpha-1-antitrypsin PiMZ subjects
Authors: M Malerba, F Ricciardolo, A Radaeli, C Torregiani, L Ceriani, E Mori, M Bontempelli, C Tantucci, V Grassi
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), due to homozygosity for the protease inhibitor (Pi) Z allele, is a genetic risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a previous study the sputum of severe AATD subjects with airflow obstruction showed a pattern of cellular inflammation similar to COPD patients. It is uncertain whether heterozygotes for the Z allele or intermediate deficiency (PiMZ) have an increased risk of developing COPD.Sputum cell counts and the supernatant level of the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin (IL)-8 were investigated by sputum induction in 10 non-smoker asymptomatic PiMZ subjects with normal pulmonary function, 10 patients with stable COPD, and 10 age matched normal subjects. Data are expressed as mean (SD).The mean (SD) number of neutrophils was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the sputum of PiMZ subjects (84.5 (22.2) x10(4)/ml) and patients with COPD (126.9 (18.8) x10(4)/ml) than in matched normal subjects (55.0 (8.7) x10(4)/ml). IL-8 levels were increased in PiMZ subjects (828.5 (490.6) ng/ml; median 1003.0 ng/ml; range 1260-100 ng/ml) and in COPD patients (882.5 (524.3) ng/ml; median 934.9 ng/ml; range 1506-258 mg/ml) compared with normal subjects (3.5 (0.5) ng/ml; median 3.5 ng/ml; range 4.5-2.5 ng/ml). There was a significant positive correlation between IL-8 supernatant concentration and neutrophil count in PiMZ subjects (p = 0.036; r = 0.66). An inverse correlation was observed between the percentage of neutrophils and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (% predicted) in patients with COPD (p = 0.04; r = -0.43).These findings indicate that PiMZ subjects without airflow obstruction may have an IL-8 related neutrophilic inflammation in the airways, similar to stable COPD patients, suggesting an increased risk of developing pulmonary changes.
The Lipoprotein Composition of Dog Lymph
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, LENA A. LEWIS, GEORGE PLAHL
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

Deposition of lipids during development of atherosclerosis may come from extracellular fluid rather than directly from plasma. The lipoprotein composition of lymph thus assumes importance in the genesis of atherosclerosis. The predominant component found in thoracic duct lymph was the -S 1.21 4 and 7, with lesser amounts of the 23. It was similar qualitatively but not quantitatively to dog's serum. The bulk of lymph lipoproteins derive from blood plasma. After fat feeding the absorbed lipid is delivered by the lymph to the blood in large aggregates containing large quantities of -S &gt; 70 component. The &gt; 70 component seemed to reflect changes in lipid transport in dogs more actively than the relatively more stable -S, 4, 7 and 23 components.
Disparities in Pulmonary Function in Healthy Children across the Indian Urban–Rural Continuum
Authors: Samatha Sonnappa, Sooky Lum, Jane Kirkby, Rachel Bonner, Angela Wade, Vinita Subramanya, Padmanabha T. Lakshman, Babitha Rajan, Shalini C. Nooyi, Janet Stocks
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Marked socioeconomic health-care disparities are recognized in India, but lung health inequalities between urban and rural children have not been studied.Objectives: We investigated whether differences exist in spirometric pulmonary function in healthy children across the Indian urban–rural continuum and compared results with those from Indian children living in the UK.Methods: Indian children aged 5 to 12 years were recruited from Indian urban, semiurban, and rural schools, and as part of the Size and Lung Function in Children study, London. Anthropometric and spirometric assessments were undertaken.Measurements and Main Results: Acceptable spirometric data were obtained from 728 (58% boys) children in India and 311 (50% boys) UK-Indian children. As an entire group, the India-resident children had significantly lower z FEV1 and z FVC than UK-Indian children (P < 0.0005), when expressed using Global Lung Function Initiative–2012 equations. However, when India-resident children were categorized according to residence, there were no differences in z FEV1 and z FVC between Indian-urban and UK-Indian children. There were, however, significant reductions of ∼0.5 z scores and 0.9 z scores in both FEV1 and FVC (with no difference in FEV1/FVC) in Indian-semiurban and Indian-rural children, respectively, when compared with Indian-urban children (P < 0.0005). z Body mass index, socioeconomic circumstances, tobacco, and biomass exposure were individually significantly associated with z FEV1 and z FVC (P < 0.0005).Conclusions: The presence of an urban–rural continuum of lung function within a specific ethnic group emphasizes the impact of environmental factors on lung growth in emerging nations such as India, which must be taken into account when developing ethnic-specific reference values or designing studies to optimize lung health.
The Kidney as a Reservoir for HIV-1 after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Guillaume Canaud, Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford, Véronique Avettand-Fenoël, Jean-Paul Viard, Dany Anglicheau, Frank Bienaimé, Mordi Muorah, Louise Galmiche, Olivier Gribouval, Laure-Helene Noël, Anne-Pascale Satie, Frank Martinez, Rebecca Sberro-Soussan, Anne Scemla, Marie-Claire Gubler, Gérard Friedlander, Corinne Antignac, Marc-Olivier Timsit, Andrea Onetti Muda, Fabiola Terzi, Christine Rouzioux, Christophe Legendre
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Since the recent publication of data showing favorable outcomes for patients with HIV-1 and ESRD, kidney transplantation has become a therapeutic option in this population. However, reports have documented unexplained reduced allograft survival in these patients. We hypothesized that the unrecognized infection of the transplanted kidney by HIV-1 can compromise long-term allograft function. Using electron microscopy and molecular biology, we examined protocol renal transplant biopsies from 19 recipients with HIV-1 who did not have detectable levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA at transplantation. We found that HIV-1 infected the kidney allograft in 68% of these patients. Notably, HIV-1 infection was detected in either podocytes predominately (38% of recipients) or tubular cells only (62% of recipients). Podocyte infection associated with podocyte apoptosis and loss of differentiation markers as well as a faster decline in allograft function compared with tubular cell infection. In allografts with tubular cell infection, epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules frequently contained abnormal mitochondria, and both patients who developed features of subclinical acute cellular rejection had allografts with tubular cell infection. Finally, we provide a novel noninvasive test for determining HIV-1 infection of the kidney allograft by measuring HIV-1 DNA and RNA levels in patients' urine. In conclusion, HIV-1 can infect kidney allografts after transplantation despite undetectable viremia, and this infection might influence graft outcome.