tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Permanent Alopecia From Pressure of a Head Strap
Authors: Thomas P. Gormley
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Postoperative (pressure) alopecia has previously been described as a reversible complication of prolonged anesthesia. 1,2 This presentation calls attention to permanent alopecia caused by pressure from a head strap used to hold the anesthetic mask to the face.  Report of a Case  A 4-year-olg boy was seen in the dermatology clinic for evaluation of hair loss of two weeks' duration. He had an operation (61/2 hours of anesthesia) 30 days previously for correction of bilateral traumatic deformities of the lower extremities, sustained in an automobile accident six months earlier. His health was otherwise excellent. The hair loss was not associated with pain, swelling, or exudation.  Examination of the scalp revealed diffuse, moderately heavy, dirty-white seborrheic scaling of the entire scalp. Extending transversely across the supraoccipital portion of the scalp was a linear band, measuring 14 × 2 cm, of almost total hair loss. The few remaining hairs were easily epilated
Integrative Analysis of Genomic Aberrations Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Jung H. Kim, Saravana M. Dhanasekaran, Rohit Mehra, Scott A. Tomlins, Wenjuan Gu, Jianjun Yu, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Xuhong Cao, Atreya Dash, Lei Wang, Debashis Ghosh, Kerby Shedden, James E. Montie, Mark A. Rubin, Kenneth J. Pienta, Rajal B. Shah, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Integrative analysis of genomic aberrations in the context of trancriptomic alterations will lead to a more comprehensive perspective on prostate cancer progression. Genome-wide copy number changes were monitored using array comparative genomic hybridization of laser-capture microdissected prostate cancer samples spanning stages of prostate cancer progression, including precursor lesions, clinically localized disease, and metastatic disease. A total of 62 specific cell populations from 38 patients were profiled. Minimal common regions (MCR) of alterations were defined for each sample type, and metastatic samples displayed the most number of alterations. Clinically localized prostate cancer samples with high Gleason grade resembled metastatic samples with respect to the size of altered regions and number of affected genes. A total of 9 out of 13 MCRs in the putative precursor lesion, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), showed an overlap with prostate cancer cases (amplifications in 3q29, 5q31.3-q32, 6q27, and 8q24.3 and deletions in 6q22.31, 16p12.2, 17q21.2, and 17q21.31), whereas postatrophic hyperplasia (PAH) did not exhibit this overlap. Interestingly, prostate cancers that do not overexpress ETS family members (i.e., gene fusion–negative prostate cancers) harbor differential aberrations in 1q23, 6q16, 6q21, 10q23, and 10q24. Integrative analysis with matched mRNA profiles identified genetic alterations in several proposed candidate genes implicated in prostate cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):8229–39]
Maternal humoral factors associated with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transmission in a cohort from Kigali, Rwanda, 1988–1994
Authors: C. Tranchat, P. Van de Perre, A. Simonon-Sorel, E. Karita, M. Benchaïb, P. Lepage, C. Desgranges, V. Boyer, C. répo
Journal: Journal of Infection (1999)
Management of polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: E. Ntatsaki, R. A Watts
Journal: BMJ (2010)

New guidelines are a step forward, but many unanswered questions remain

Evidence is lacking on the management of polymyalgia rheumatica.1 The recent guidelines published by the British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) and the British Health Professionals in Rheumatology (BHPR) are a brave attempt to give some structure to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.2

Polymyalgia rheumatica is one of the most common inflammatory rheumatic diseases in elderly people. It is characterised by pain and stiffness, usually of sudden onset, affecting the limb girdle areas (shoulder and hip), neck, and torso.3 Its prevalence in people aged over 50 is about 700 per 100 000.4 It has many non-specific features and a wide differential diagnosis. No “gold standard” diagnostic test is available, so the diagnosis is often made on clinical grounds. This can lead to diagnostic error.

Polymyalgia rheumatica is managed mainly in …
Insulin as an Early Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Stefano Del Prato, Cristina Bianchi, Angela Dardano, Roberto Miccoli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (1) has recently confirmed that type 2 diabetes remains associated with substantial premature mortality. Compared with nondiabetic individuals, those with diabetes have a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.80 (95% CI 1.71–1.90) for death from any cause, 1.25 (1.19–1.31) for death from cancer, 2.32 (2.11–2.56) for death from vascular causes, and 1.73 (1.62–1.85) for death from other causes. As is apparent, the greater risk is owing to cardiovascular (CV) disease, which accounts for >60% of the years of life lost because of diabetes. Although this increase in CV risk is largely attributable to the coexistence of multiple metabolic and hemodynamic disorders, elevation of plasma glucose levels remains strongly associated with increased CV morbidity and mortality (2–4). In support of a potential direct effect of plasma glucose elevation is the association between fasting plasma glucose levels >100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) and vascular death (1). Since this a near-linear association (1,5) it has been postulated that reduction of plasma glucose levels should exert a positive impact on CV morbidity and mortality.

In the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), improvement of glycemic control was associated with a 16% reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction without achieving statistical significance ( P < 0.052) (6). Glycemic control in that seminal trial was, however, relatively unsuccessful. Though intensively treated patients achieved an average A1C of 7%, a progressive worsening in glycemic control occurred after the initial improvement. A more aggressive and successful approach was adopted in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) (7) and Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) (8) trials and Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) (9). In all these three large studies, glycemic control was achieved (A1C 6.5–7.0%) and maintained over a substantial period of …
Intrafamilial segregation analysis of the p.E148Q MEFV allele in familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: D O Tchernitchko, M Gerard-Blanluet, M Legendre, C Cazeneuve, G Grateau, S Amselem
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most frequent of the recurrent inherited fevers. This autosomal recessive disorder is characterised by periodic episodes of fever and serositis that commonly affect the people of Arab, Armenian, Sephardic Jewish and Turkish origin. Most of the described MEFV gene anomalies responsible for the disease are missense mutations. In the absence of any functional test, epidemiological studies or pedigree analyses are the only means of proving the deleterious character of these sequence variations. Evidence was provided by our recent study using a population-based approach, that the p.E148Q allele is probably a benign polymorphism and not a disease-causing mutation. Its implication in FMF remains, however, controversial.To evaluate the segregation of the p.E148Q MEFV allele with FMF disease by using pedigree analysis.21 patients and 48 unaffected relatives belonging to 18 independent families with FMF.Segregation analysis of the p.E148Q allele was compatible with a Mendelian autosomal recessive transmission of the disease phenotype in only three families. In 15 of 18 families, segregation was partly or completely defective. The p.E148Q allele was not transmitted to 14 of 19 (74%) affected children.No evidence of preferential transmission of p.E148Q from heterozygous parents to their affected offspring was observed. MEFV is not associated with the clinical manifestations of several patients carrying this variant. Considering p.E148Q to be a benign polymorphism should reduce the possibility of false-positive diagnoses, while highlighting genetic heterogeneity in FMF.
Review: Nonpharmacologic caregiver interventions improve dementia symptoms and caregiver reactions
Authors: Nathalie Paolino, Patrick G. O’Malley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Therapeutics19 February 2013Review: Nonpharmacologic caregiver interventions improve dementia symptoms and caregiver reactionsNathalie Paolino, DO, Patrick G. O’Malley, MD, MPH, FACPNathalie Paolino, DOUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (N.P., P.G.O.)Search for more papers by this author, Patrick G. O’Malley, MD, MPH, FACPUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (N.P., P.G.O.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBrodaty H, Arasaratnam C. Meta-analysis of nonpharmacological interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169:946-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22952073Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Mental Health: Geriatrics: Neurology: References1 Sink KM, Holden KF, Yaffe K. Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA. 2005;293:596-608. [PMID: 15687315] Google Scholar2 Raina P, Santaguida P, Ismaila A, et al. Effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for treating dementia: evidence review for a clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:379-97. [PMID: 18316756] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (N.P., P.G.O.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 February 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byManaging Your Loved One’s Health: Development of a New Care Management Measure for Dementia Family Caregivers 19 February 2013Volume 158, Issue 4Page: JC4KeywordsAdverse reactionsAntipsychoticsCaregiversClinical trial reportingDementiaDrug therapyPrevention, policy, and public healthPsychiatry and mental healthQuality of lifeSchizophrenia ePublished: 19 February 2013 Issue Published: 19 February 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Surgery for Severe Obesity
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The epidemic of obesity in the United States has spawned a second epidemic — of bariatric surgery. The number of gastrointestinal surgeries performed annually for severe obesity increased from about 16,000 in the early 1990s to about 103,000 in 2003 (see Figure 1). This increase has been fueled by the increase in the number of people who are extremely obese; the failure of diets, exercise, and medical therapy; and the advent of laparoscopic procedures. Surgeons and hospitals are having difficulty keeping up. The number of practicing surgeons who are members of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery (ASBS) increased from 258 . . .
Prevalence of Deep Venous Thrombosis Among Patients in Medical Intensive Care
Authors: Denise R. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the frequency of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients. DESIGN--Prospective ultrasound case series. SETTING--An MICU in a large tertiary care hospital in Boston, Mass. SUBJECTS--Patients older than 18 years of age admitted to the MICU with an anticipated stay of more than 48 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Deep venous thrombosis as detected by ultrasonography with color Doppler imaging performed twice weekly in the MICU and once within 1 week of discharge from the MICU. RESULTS--Deep venous thrombosis was detected in 33% (95% confidence interval, 24% to 43%) of 100 eligible patients during the 8-month study period. Forty-eight percent (16/33) were proximal lower extremity DVT, and 15% (5/33) were upper extremity DVT associated with central venous catheters, with one patient having both upper and proximal lower extremity DVT. Ultrasound examination results led to inferior vena cava filter placement in three patients, initiation of full-dose anticoagulation in four patients, initiation or continuation of low-dose subcutaneous heparin in 10 patients, follow-up ultrasound studies in three patients, central line removal in one patient, and no intervention in 10 patients due to active bleeding, prior filter, or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Two patients remained anticoagulated for other reasons. In this series, there was no difference in age, gender, body mass index, diagnosis of cancer, recent surgery, duration of hospitalization prior to DVT detection, and DVT prophylaxis between patients with DVT and those without. CONCLUSIONS--An unexpectedly high rate of DVT was detected by ultrasound in these MICU patients despite prophylaxis in 61%. Traditionally recognized DVT risk factors failed to identify patients who developed DVT. Routine ultrasound surveillance or more intensive prophylaxis regimens may be warranted in this patient population if these DVT rates are confirmed in other settings.
Abstract 2310: Down-regulating BCL-2 gene expression in a resistant GIST cell line by a RNA G-quadruplex interacting small molecule ligand
Authors: Gary N. Parkinson, Mekala Gunaratnam, Xiong Wei Li, Gavin Collie, Anthony P. Reszka, Alan R. Todd, Jonathan A. Fletcher, Stephen Neidle
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have previously shown that KIT protein expression in the gastrointestinal tumour (GIST) cell line GIST882 can be down-regulated using a small molecule approach that targets expression at the transcriptional level. The small-molecule naphthalene diimide derivative ND1 developed as a G-quadruplex telomere targeting agent can inhibit telomerase activity and can also reduce c-kit mRNA levels, consistent with a dual G-quadruplex mechanism of action in this cell line. An Imatinib (Gleevec) resistant patient-derived cell line GIST48 expresses high levels of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. The compound ND1 down-regulates the expression of bcl-2 in this resistant cell line, while having no discernable effect on c-kit protein expression levels or telomerase activity, both associated with DNA quadruplex stabilization. Instead we observe that translation of the apoptosis-related protein is impeded, while mRNA levels remain unaffected. The identification of a G-rich quadruplex-forming sequence in the 5’-UTR region of the bcl-2 gene, upstream of the translation start site, lead us to the development of a dual luciferase reporter assay. Utilizing a psiCHECK-2 vector we inserted the G-rich 67 base pair bcl-2 5’-UTR gene sequence upstream of the Renilla luciferase start codon. In vitro experiments have shown that the G-rich sequence can form a stable RNA G-quadruplex and interfere with translation. Our in vivo transfection experiments with ND1 in a GIST cell line shows concentration-dependent inhibition of bcl-2 protein expression. RNA G-quadruplex formation and ligand stabilization may thus be a novel anti-cancer route for the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 in chemo-resistant cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2310. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2310
Genistein Induces the <i>p21WAF1/CIP1</i> and <i>p16INK4a</i> Tumor Suppressor Genes in Prostate Cancer Cells by Epigenetic Mechanisms Involving Active Chromatin Modification
Authors: Shahana Majid, Nobuyuki Kikuno, Jason Nelles, Emily Noonan, Yuichiro Tanaka, Ken Kawamoto, Hiroshi Hirata, Long C. Li, Hong Zhao, Steve T. Okino, Robert F. Place, Deepa Pookot, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Genistein (4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) is the most abundant isoflavone found in the soybean. The effects of genistein on various cancer cell lines have been extensively studied but the precise molecular mechanisms are not known. We report here the epigenetic mechanism of the action of genistein on androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-insensitive (DuPro) human prostate cancer cell lines. Genistein induced the expression of tumor suppressor genes p21 (WAF1/CIP1/KIP1) and p16 (INK4a) with a concomitant decrease in cyclins. There was a G0-G1 cell cycle arrest in LNCaP cells and a G2-M arrest in DuPro cells after genistein treatment. Genistein also induced apoptosis in DuPro cells. DNA methylation analysis revealed the absence of p21 promoter methylation in both cell lines. The effect of genistein on chromatin remodeling has not been previously reported. We found that genistein increased acetylated histones 3, 4, and H3/K4 at the p21 and p16 transcription start sites. Furthermore, we found that genistein treatment also increased the expression of histone acetyl transferases that function in transcriptional activation. This is the first report on epigenetic regulation of various genes by genistein through chromatin remodeling in prostate cancer. Altogether, our data provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanism of the action of genistein that may contribute to the chemopreventive activity of this dietary isoflavone and have important implications for epigenetic therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2736–44]
Treatment of Uterine Fibroids.
Authors: F. Byron Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a recent editorial and correspondence in theJournal, the treatment of uterine fibroids was discussed. In the correspondence, Dr. Franklin H. Martin called your attention to the omission of his method of dealing with uterine fibroids by ligating the uterine artery and the broad ligament through the vagina. Dr. Martin's method avoids the dangerous hysterectomy. I would like to call your attention to an operation which I devised for the purpose of avoiding the removal of the uterine fibroid, and which you also omitted to mention in your editorial. My operation consists in removing the tubes and ovaries, and then ligating the uterine artery as it courses along the sides of the uterus. The uterine artery should be ligated nearly as far as the internal os. I did the operation first in November, 1892, on a patient with a large uterine fibroid which could not be
Abstract P4-03-03: Determination of lymph node status using the primary tumor’s gene expression signature
Authors: B Gyorffy, Z Sztupinszki, B Weltz, S-C Chen, S Quay
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction:Lymph node status is one of the most important clinical parameters of breast cancer. Axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy have considerable morbidity associated with them and a method to accurately predict lymph node positivity would be clinically useful. To date, no gene expression signature has been established that is capable ofestimatin lymph node positivity. Our aim was to develop a new predictor using a large set of patient samples and compare its performance to known clinical variables. Methods: An integrated database was constructed using publicly available Affymetrix microarrays with known lymph node status. The patients were divided into the four molecular subtypes of basal, luminal A, luminal B and HER2 positive using the St. Gallen criteria and the gene chip based gene expression data of estrogen receptor, HER2 receptor and MKI67. ROC analysis was performed for each gene within each subtype. Then, the top 10 genes of each list were combined, and using the expression data of these 40 genes across all patients, Manhattan or Euclidean distanceswere computed to calculate the distance between each sample. All the patients were ranked, and lymph node status was defined by using the proportional lymph node positivity of “x” nearest ranked patients. Multiple regression was performed to compare the classification using the gene expression data to known clinical variables. Statistical significance was set at p&amp;lt;0.01. Results: The database includes 2756 patients, of whom 983 are lymph node positive. To optimize the classification, different number of genes (all/top100/top40) and different number of closest patients (x = 1/2/5/10/25/25/100/250/500) and two different distance metrics (Euclidean and Manhattan distance) were assessed. The best performance was achieved using the top40 genes with Manhattan distance to the 100 nearest patients. This setting reached a sensitivity of 0.70, specificity of 0.73 and accuracy of 0.72 across all patients. When compared to ESR1 status, HER2 status, MKI67 expression, grade, size, and agein the multiple regression, only the gene-expression based classification (1.56E-31) and size (1.7E-24) were significant. Discussion:We have established a pipeline capable of determining lymph node positivity using the gene expression data of 40 genes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-03-03.
Replacement of the Heart with a Mechanical Device
Authors: Pierre M. Galletti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

For a close observer of the National Institutes of Health Artificial Heart Program since its inception in 1964, the landmark report by DeVries et al.1 on the first long-term clinical use of the total artificial heart simultaneously marks a finale and a first step into uncharted territory. With the advent of orthotopic cardiac replacement, physicians will encounter issues in the handling of intractable cardiac failure that they have never faced before. Treatment decisions will be buffeted by unprecedented emotional and moral forces and open to challenge from countless directions, as becomes apparent from the process described by Woolley.2 In such . . .
Influence of Some Antidepressants from Group of the Selective Inhibitors of Recapture of the Serotonin and the Extract of Common St. John’s Wort (Hypericum Perforatum) on the Psychologıcal Status of the Patients with Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Orazberdiyev Yazmuhammet Basimovich
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Report to the United States Government on Tuberculosis with Some Therapeutic and Prophylactic Suggestions.
Authors: S. Adolphus Knopf
Journal: JAMA (1933)

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