tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Framingham Risk Score underestimates the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic disease
Authors: Lihi Eder, Vinod Chandran, Dafna D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Aim</h3> To investigate the usefulness of carotid atherosclerosis assessment in cardiovascular risk stratification of patients with psoriatic disease compared with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis alone (PsC), who had no previous history of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus were recruited. They underwent assessment of their cardiovascular risk factors and the FRS was calculated. Based on the FRS, the participants were classified into low, intermediate and high-risk categories. Ultrasound assessment of the carotid artery was performed, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and total plaque area (TPA) were measured. Patients were stratified into three ultrasound-based risk categories (low, intermediate and high) according to the severity of atherosclerosis. The extent of reclassification from FRS-based category into US-based risk category was assessed. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 226 patients with psoriatic disease were assessed. FRS correlated moderately with TPA (r=0.36) and cIMT (r=0.37) and explained only 19% of their variability. 56.1% of the patients in the FRS-based low to intermediate risk groups were found to have carotid plaques. 55.9% of the patients from the FRS-based intermediate risk category were reclassified into an ultrasound-based high-risk category, while 47.1% of the patients in the FRS-based low-risk category were reclassified into a higher US-based risk group. The extent of reclassification into a higher risk category was particularly high among patients with PsA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Ultrasound assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis may improve risk stratification of patients with psoriatic disease, particularly of those with PsA.
Sonography in Giant-Cell Arteritis
Authors: Gene G. Hunder, Cornelia M. Weyand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Giant-cell (temporal) arteritis is a disease of middle-aged and older persons and in some populations is the most frequent form of vasculitis. The prevalence may be as high as 1 in 500 among persons over the age of 50 years and even greater among those over 60, the most commonly affected age group.1 Giant-cell arteritis affects medium-sized and large arteries, especially those branching from the proximal aorta, but it is a systemic disease with a wide spectrum of manifestations. The serious vascular complications include loss of vision, stroke, occlusions of arteries of the arms and neck (aortic arch syndrome), and . . .
Sex, Splenectomy, and Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: Murray N. Silverstein
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Over the last decade, 29 patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia had splenectomies. Indications for splenectomy included hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, mechanical splenomegaly, and portal hypertension. The 13 women tended to be younger when splenectomized, had a longer duration of illness before splenectomy, and had the procedure for pressure symptoms, thrombocytopenia, or portal hypertension. Fifty percent of the men had serious postoperative complications, compared with only 23% of the women; 50% of the women survived at least five years after the procedure, whereas only two men are living two years after the procedure, and 14 have died within an average of two years after splenectomy.
331 Tamoxifen may inhibit hepatic fibrogenesis by suppressing the activation of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: J.-A. Kim, Y.-H. Chung, M.K. Jang, J.K. Lee, M.H. Choi, S.H. Kim, S.H. Ryu, J.W. Shin, K.M. Kim, Y.S. Lim, Y.S. Lee, D.J. Suh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Surgical Intuition: What It Is and How to Get It
Authors: William George Abel
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Surgical Intuition completes the trilogy launched by the senior author, who unfortunately died before its publication. The first volume was Surgical Secrets . The second volume, Surgical Scripts , went to press the day he died. This final book is the culmination of ideas Dr Abernathy developed over a long period. In collaboration with Robert M. Hamm, a cognitive psychologist, he attempts to explain how clinical surgeons think and how most effectively to teach this to others. Abernathy was attempting to formulate a paradigm to both explain and teach decision making and diagnosis. He considered three general methods.  The decision analysis method he found too analytical, and although there was some support for this model and even a Society for Medical Decision Making, Abernathy believed it did not truly capture the way medical experts thought. He attributed this to three factors: (1) doctors do not immediately know how to do it; (2)
Registries will have to apply for right to collect patients' data without consent
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

An amendment to the Health and Social Care Bill passed by parliament last week should clear the way for health registries in the United Kingdom to continue collecting data on public health without patients' consent, the General Medical Council has said.

Guidance produced by the council on patient confidentiality and informed consent caused a furore throughout the medical and research communities when it was issued last year ( BMJ 2000;321:849).

It said that it was illegal for doctors and hospitals to supply personal information on their patients to research projects or registries …
Early Dropouts in Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: G. Vaslamatzis, S. Verveniotis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

Brief dynamic psychotherapy at the Psychiatric Clinic of Athens University follows the approach of Malan and Sifneos and the selection criteria proposed by Davanloo. The early dropout phenomenon was studied in 24 therapies, in relation to variables included in the selection criteria. The statistical analysis was based on discriminant analysis. A high final score, early transference confrontation, circumscribed problem of the patient, high motivation for treatment and existence of crisis were strongly associated with continuation of brief psychotherapy.
A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of the Ease and Safety of Variceal Ligation Using a Multiband vs. a Conventional Ligation Device
Authors: T. Wong, S. P. Pereira, A. McNair, P. M. Harrison
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Recent advances in endoscopic technology have led to the development of multiple-banding devices which avoid the use of an overtube in endoscopic variceal ligation. In the present study we prospectively examined the safety and efficacy of one such device compared with the conventional single-band ligator.A total of 45 patients undergoing band ligation were randomly assigned to receive ligation using conventional techniques (n = 22), or multiband ligation (n = 23).The use of the multiband device was associated with a significant reduction in sedation requirements (midazolam 7.1 mg vs. 9.9 mg, P < 0.01, multiband vs. conventional, respectively), less discomfort (4% vs. 23% severe discomfort, P < 0.05). The total time of the endoscopic session was reduced in the multiband group (8 minutes 25 seconds vs. 12 minutes 21 seconds, P < 0.01), as was the time required for application of all the bands (2 minutes 22 seconds vs. 5 minutes 34 seconds, P < 0.001), and average time taken per individual band application (36 seconds vs. 1 minute 36 secs, P < 0.01). In three patients who underwent ligation using the conventional method, the procedure was stopped because of trauma secondary to overtube application.Multiband ligation is safer, quicker, and associated with less patient discomfort and morbidity when compared with conventional ligation.
893 RATE AND TYPE OF LIVER INJURY AFTER BMT MAY DEPEND ON THE CONDITIONING REGIMEN IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
Authors: Y. Alahdab, B. Aktas, I. Kaygusuz, F. Gunduz, A. Kedrah, M. Cetiner, T. Tuglular, M. Bayik, O. Ozdogan, N. Tozun
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Family and charities demand investigations after death of egg donor
Authors: D. Sachan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The death of a 26 year old woman after an egg donation procedure at a clinic in New Delhi has sparked controversy.

Women’s groups, such as the All India Democratic Women’s Association (AIDWA) and Sama­, a resource group for women and health, have written to the health ministry demanding an investigation into the case.

The death has also brought India’s booming surrogacy and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) industry under the spotlight, with renewed calls for regulation.

Meanwhile, the woman’s husband, Sanju Rana, has approached the Delhi district court, Saket, demanding an investigation into the death following unprecedented delays by Delhi police. 

Yuma Sherpa, a migrant from Darjeeling, died on 29 January after a surgical procedure for egg donation at New Life India fertility clinic in the Lajpat Nagar area of southern New Delhi. According to reports in …
Colombian hospital did not steal child's corneas
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A hospital in Bogota is suing the makers of a French documentary film over accusations that it removed the corneas from a 12 year old boy, Jaison, and that they were transplanted into another patient illegally. The Salazar de Villeta Hospital asked three French professors of medicine to examine the blind boy, who comes from Colombia. They all agreed that his sight had been lost because of infection and that his corneas had …
Small-Bowel Endoscopy
Authors: T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The small bowel is about to be taken over by capsule endoscopy; the vast majority of abstracts during this year’s Digestive Disease Week (DDW) were devoted to this new technique, and only a few studies were presented on push enteroscopy, which (this should not be forgotten) provides facilities for biopsy and therapy, although its reach is quite limited. Whether capsule endoscopy will take over entirely, and what its impact on outcomes will be, have yet to be seen. Although many capsule endoscopy abstracts dealt with unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), other indications were also reported on.
333 THE USEFULLNESS OF VS/PLT: A NEW MARKER OF LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: C. Song, N. Hiramatsu, T. Oze, R. Yamada, Y. Inoue, M. Kurokawa, T. Yakushijin, K. Mochizuki, S. Kiso, T. Kanto, A. Kasahara, T. Takehara, N. Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Henry G. Kunkel 1916-1983. An appreciation of the man and his scientific contributions &amp; a bibliography of his research papers.
Authors: A G Bearn, F J Dixon, B Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Benacerraf, who were among his most treasured professional associates and personal friends.Although it has not been possible to divide Dr. Kunkel's career into separate, well-defined periods, Dr
Development of Resistance to EGFR-Targeted Therapy in Malignant Glioma Can Occur through EGFR-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Stefan Klingler, Baofeng Guo, Jun Yao, Haiyan Yan, Ling Zhang, Angelina V. Vaseva, Sida Chen, Peter Canoll, James W. Horner, Y. Alan Wang, Ji-Hye Paik, Haoqiang Ying, Hongwu Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly amplified, mutated, and overexpressed in human malignant gliomas. Despite its prevalence and growth-promoting functions, therapeutic strategies to inhibit EGFR kinase activity have not been translated into profound beneficial effects in glioma clinical trials. To determine the roles of oncogenic EGFR signaling in gliomagenesis and tumor maintenance, we generated a novel glioma mouse model driven by inducible expression of a mutant EGFR (EGFR*). Using combined genetic and pharmacologic interventions, we revealed that EGFR*-driven gliomas were insensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, although they could efficiently inhibit EGFR* autophosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. This is in contrast with the genetic suppression of EGFR* induction that led to significant tumor regression and prolonged animal survival. However, despite their initial response to genetic EGFR* extinction, all tumors would relapse and propagate independent of EGFR*. We further showed that EGFR*-independent tumor cells existed prior to treatment and were responsible for relapse following genetic EGFR* suppression. And, the addition of a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor could significantly delay relapse and prolong animal survival. Our findings shed mechanistic insight into EGFR drug resistance in glioma and provide a platform to test therapies targeting aberrant EGFR signaling in this setting. Cancer Res; 75(10); 2109–19. ©2015 AACR.
Abstract 5520: A novel HDAC inhibitor, N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) heptanomide (HNHA), induces apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial cytochrome c release in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kyung Seok Han, Ki Cheong Park, Jeong Yong Jeon, Sang Yong Kim, Dami Song, Woong Kyu Han, Sung Joon Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) heptanomide (HNHA) is a novel HDAC inhibitor that shows better pharmacological properties than known HDAC inhibitors. We investigated a therapeutic role and its mechanisms of HNHA in renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Renal cell carcinoma cell lines, Caki-1, A-498, 786-O and UMRC-3 cells were used for in vitro study. Crystal violet assay was used to assess cell growth. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay and confirmed by expression of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-7. Cytochrome c release was evaluated by mitochondria staining. For in vivo study, Caki-1 and A-498 cells were injected (1.0 x 107/mouse) into the dorsal sub-membrane of 6-week-old BALB/C nude mice. Two different drugs were injected at Lethal Dose 50: HNHA, 206 µg/mL and SAHA, 138 µg/mL. Result: HNHA suppressed tumor proliferation in all panels of renal cell carcinoma cells. TUNEL assay and Western blots showed that remarkable apoptosis was induced by HNHA in Caki-1 and A-498 cells. HNHA induced apoptotic cell death by caspase activation and Bcl 2 suppression in renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. HNHA also caused cytochrome c release from mitochondria through Bax and Bak expression. A primary caspase activation was initiated by cytochrome c release from mitochondria, which is able to induce biochemical reactions, caspase activation and subsequent cell death. Conclusion: HNHA induces more potent apoptotic cell death in renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo than the previous HDAC inhibitors. HNHA-induced apoptosis is mediated by cytochrome c release from mitochondria through induction of Bax and Bak expression in renal cell carcinoma. Citation Format: Kyung Seok Han, Ki Cheong Park, Jeong Yong Jeon, Sang Yong Kim, Dami Song, Woong Kyu Han, Sung Joon Hong. A novel HDAC inhibitor, N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) heptanomide (HNHA), induces apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial cytochrome c release in renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5520. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5520
VESSEL RESPONSE TO NOVEL SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS WITH ABSORBABLE POLYMER IN DE NOVO CORONARY LESIONS: FIRST-IN-HUMAN IVUS RESULTS FROM THE DESSOLVE-I 8-MONTH COHORT
Authors: Kenji Sakamoto, Katsuhisa Waseda, Paul Yock, Robert Whitbourn, Mathias Vrolix, James Stewart, Mark Webster, William Wijns, John Ormiston, Yasuhiro Honda, Peter Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
P155 GP education of the early symptoms of lung cancer: does it improve our earlier diagnosis or staging of lung cancer?
Authors: S. J. Cooper, S. Mandal
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Detection of lung cancer at an earlier stage generally leads to a better prognosis. In the UK, there is a 62-day target from GP referral to cancer treatment; therefore the opportunity to improve earlier detection of lung cancer, in terms of stage, is dependent on earlier “red flag” symptom recognition and referral. We hypothesised that GP education of the early symptoms of lung cancer should lessen time from symptom onset to time seen in the Respiratory outpatients (OPA). <h3>Methods</h3> We introduced a health campaign across Essex consisting of GP education and public awareness. Phase 1 involved GP education and phase 2 patient and public education. We compared patients referred with a diagnosis of lung cancer, in one centre in 2010 and 2011 prior to and after GP education, to ascertain if time of onset of symptoms to first attendance at lung cancer OPA improved. Patients who had a diagnosis of lung cancer were entered into a prospective database. Data collected included symptom duration, referral times and staging. GP education comprised of seminars and group visits to the multidisciplinary members in GP practices, as well as provision of information packs. Data were collected by members of the lung cancer team. <h3>Results</h3> Data demonstrated no significant difference in mean symptom duration, nor the number of patients being referred at an earlier stage (Abstract P155 table 1). However, there was a 50% increase in the number of GP referrals during the period following intervention. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results demonstrate that GP education has not significantly increased early detection of lung cancer, although it has dramatically increased the number of 2-week referrals, this is noteworthy, since awareness of lung cancer symptoms may have improved in the GP population following education. It may be that targeting the public/patients themselves, will reduce the time of symptom onset to presentation to the medical profession. We will address this in the next phase of our study when we aim the education at the general public. This will help determine the impact of increasing public awareness and education on earlier presentation of suspicious symptoms.
Congress Responds to the IOM Drug Safety Report—In Full
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, David Korn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

THE US DRUG SAFETY SYSTEM DEVELOPED FITFULLY throughaseriesofhistoricalaccretions, typically inthe wakeofmajordrugsafetyscandals.In1962,largelyprecipitatedbythethalidomidetragedy,theKefauver-Harris amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act required the sponsor to provide “substantial evidence” of both safety and efficacy during a premarket evaluation. The resulting multistage approval process improved the evidence base for premarket regulatory decision making about drugs, but it also created, as an unintended consequence, a postapproval environment inwhichsponsorswere largely free fromrequirements for additional evaluations. At approval, the sponsor’s scientific teamsresponsible formeetingUSFoodandDrugAdministration (FDA) requirements were generally replaced by marketing teams,andthemanufacturer’s efforts, energies, and studies were generally directed toward marketing its drugs. The formulaic preapproval evaluation process, even though usually of high quality, slowed drug approval. The 1992 Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) provided new funds fromuser fees, limited their use to speeding preapproval evaluations, set timelines for reviews, and thus brought drugs to market more quickly. As the United States became increasingly the country of first launch for many new drugs (from 2% in 1980 to 60% in 1998), the US postmarketing safety systemaccordinglysharedalargerresponsibility for theearlydetection of safety signals. For the first 10 years following enactment of PDUFA, however, Congress prohibited the FDA from applying user fees to drug safety and provided no additional funds for monitoring marketed drugs. Not until the PDUFA reauthorization of 2002 was the FDA permitted to apply some user fees for selected safety issues. In effect, Congress largely entrusted the detection, evaluation, and timely reporting of postmarketing safety issues to the pharmaceutical industry. The withdrawal of rofecoxib and other drug safety problems have again focused attention on the limitations of the US postmarketing system. In response to an FDA request, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) undertook a thorough assessment and issued a comprehensive set of recommendations for reform. The major theme of the report was the need for an ongoing effort to acquire, integrate, and communicate information about a drug’s risks and benefits during its entire market life. This “lifecycle” approach requires the translation of premarket safety signals into high-quality postmarketing studies, sophisticated active surveillance to identify new serious safety signals, and timely assessments of the drug’s riskbenefit profile. While the FDA has already responded in part to some recommendations, others dealing with the agency’s resources and authorities required congressional action.
The Cardiology Beat
Authors: Richard Peters
Journal: JAMA (1997)

An internist in a busy, small private practice has just discovered in routine screening tests that a new patient has a mildly elevated total cholesterol level. Given the borderline nature of the elevation, the physician recommends that the patient change his diet and reduce fat intake. In the office visit, the patient asks wgat types of food he should now eat. After providing some basic education about diet, the physician refers the patient to the American Heart Association Web site for more detail. Education can greatly enhance the interaction between patients with cardiovascular diseases and their physicians. In the case above, the patient needed information about diet—what to eat, how to cook, and how often to eat actually was his treatment. One can easily imagine that the physician's recommendation might have been to stop smoking or