tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Neutrophil Chemotactic Activity in Exercise‐ and “Fog”‐Induced Asthma
Authors: G. Moscato, C. Rampulla, A. Dellabianca, N. Dorigo, U. Majani, R. Corsico, P. G. Sirtori
Journal: Allergy (1986)

To investigate whether exercise‐ and ultrasonic “fog”‐induced asthma are due to the same mechanism, i.e. mediator release induced by osmotic changes, we measured the serum neutrophil chemotactic activity before and after excercise and inhalation of “fog” in 15 asthmatic subjects. To assess changes in airway caliber we measured specific airway conductance (SGaw); to assess changes in neutrophil chemotactic activity we measured the maximum distance reached by neutrophils in a filter when challenged with the subject's serum in a Boyden chamber. In 10 subjects, SGaw decreased by more than 35% and neutrophil chemotactic activity increased significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) both after exercise and “fog”, whereas in five subjects no change occurred either after exercise or “fog”. We conclude that both exercise‐ and “fog”‐induced asthma are associated with increased serum neutrophil chemotactic activity, and that both stimuli may cause asthma by osmotically triggering mediator release from mast cells.
Radiological review of pneumothorax
Authors: A R O'Connor, W E Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively common in the community. 1The incidence of iatrogenic pneumothorax is difficult to assess but is probably increasing due to the more widespread use of mechanical ventilation and interventional procedures such as central line placement and lung biopsy.Correct interpretation of chest radiographs in this clinical setting and knowledge of when to request more complex imaging techniques are essential.In this review we discuss the role of the chest radiograph in the assessment of pneumothorax before and after treatment along with the value of computed tomography and radiologically guided chest drain placement. Sources and selection criteriaWe reviewed textbooks of chest imaging and radiological normal variants.We also searched Medline for articles relating to both imaging appearances and clinical management of pneumothorax.
Probabilities of Death From Breast Cancer and Other Causes Among Female Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: C. Schairer, P. J. Mink, L. Carroll, S. S. Devesa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Among cancer patients, probabilities of death from that cancer and other causes in the presence of competing risks are optimal measures of prognosis and of mortality across demographic groups. We used data on breast cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program in a competing-risk analysis. Methods: We determined vital status and cause of death for 395 251 white and 35 259 black female patients with breast cancer diagnosed from January 1, 1973, through December 31, 2000, by use of SEER data. We calculated probabilities of death from breast cancer and other causes according to stage, race, and age at diagnosis; for cases diagnosed from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2000, we also calculated some such probabilities according to tumor size and estrogen receptor (ER) status. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The probability of death from breast cancer after nearly 28 years of follow-up ranged from 0.03 to 0.10 for patients with in situ disease to 0.70 to 0.85 for patients with distant disease, depending on race and age. The probability of death from breast cancer at the end of the follow-up period generally declined with age at diagnosis; the probability among the oldest (≥70 years) compared with the youngest (<50 years) patients was 33% lower for white and 46% lower for black patients with localized disease and 14% lower for white patients and 13% lower for black patients with distant disease. The probability of death from breast cancer exceeded that from all other causes for patients diagnosed with localized disease before age 50 years, with regional disease before age 60 years, and with distant disease at any age. The probability of death from breast cancer for patients diagnosed with localized or regional disease was statistically significantly greater in black patients than in white patients (all six P values ≤.01 for age groups 30–49 to 60–69 years; two P values ≤.04 for ages ≥70 years). Among patients with localized or regional disease and known ER status, the probability of death from breast cancer after nearly 11 years of follow-up ranged from 0.04 to 0.11 for patients with localized ER-positive tumors of 2 cm or less to 0.37 to 0.53 for patients with regional ER-negative tumors. Conclusions: The probability of death from breast cancer versus other causes varied substantially according to stage, tumor size, ER status, and age at diagnosis in both white and black patients.
Murine Jagged1/Notch signaling in the second heart field orchestrates Fgf8 expression and tissue-tissue interactions during outflow tract development
Authors: Frances A. High, Rajan Jain, Jason Z. Stoller, Nicole B. Antonucci, Min Min Lu, Kathleen M. Loomes, Klaus H. Kaestner, Warren S. Pear, Jonathan A. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Notch signaling is vital for proper cardiovascular development and function in both humans and animal models. Indeed, mutations in either JAGGED or NOTCH cause congenital heart disease in humans and NOTCH mutations are associated with adult valvular disease. Notch typically functions to mediate developmental interactions between adjacent tissues. Here we show that either absence of the Notch ligand Jagged1 or inhibition of Notch signaling in second heart field tissues results in murine aortic arch artery and cardiac anomalies. In mid-gestation, these mutants displayed decreased Fgf8 and Bmp4 expression. Notch inhibition within the second heart field affected the development of neighboring tissues. For example, faulty migration of cardiac neural crest cells and defective endothelial-mesenchymal transition within the outflow tract endocardial cushions were observed. Furthermore, exogenous Fgf8 was sufficient to rescue the defect in endothelial-mesenchymal transition in explant assays of endocardial cushions following Notch inhibition within second heart field derivatives. These data support a model that relates second heart field, neural crest, and endocardial cushion development and suggests that perturbed Notch-Jagged signaling within second heart field progenitors accounts for some forms of congenital and adult cardiac disease.
Statistical analysis of data in mutagenicity assays: rodent micronucleus assay.
Authors: M Hayashi, S Hashimoto, Y Sakamoto, C Hamada, T Sofuni, I Yoshimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

To evaluate chemical safety, many kinds of short-term mutagenicity assays are performed together with long-term assays in animals. Rationales and methodology for these assays have been well discussed and documented. No statistical method, however, has been singled out as the method of choice for the evaluation of mutagenicity assay data, although a number of reports on statistical methods to evaluate such data have been published. Among the mutagenicity assays, the micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow erythropoietic cells have been widely used to assess cytogenetic activities of test chemicals. A statistical evaluation procedure for this assay is proposed herein, combining the use of historical control data and dose-response relationships. The probability of type I errors and the power of this method are compared with those of some other conventional methods by Monte Carlo simulation.
A Novel Gene Family NBPF: Intricate Structure Generated by Gene Duplications During Primate Evolution
Authors: Karl Vandepoele, Nadine Van Roy, Katrien Staes, Frank Speleman, Frans van Roy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Partial and complete genome duplications occurred during evolution and resulted in the creation of new genes and gene families. We identified a novel and intricate human gene family located primarily in regions of segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. We named it NBPF, for neuroblastoma breakpoint family, because one of its members is disrupted by a chromosomal translocation in a neuroblastoma patient. The NBPF genes have a repetitive structure with high intragenic and intergenic sequence similarity in both coding and noncoding regions. These similarities might expose these genomic regions to illegitimate recombination, resulting in structural variation in the NBPF genes. The encoded proteins contain a highly conserved domain of unknown function, which we have named the NBPF repeat. In silico analysis combined with the isolation of multiple full-length cDNA clones showed that several members of this gene family are abundantly expressed in a large variety of tissues and cell lines. Strikingly, no discernable orthologues could be identified in the completed genomes of fruit fly, nematode, mouse, or rat, but sequences with low homology could be isolated from the draft canine and bovine genomes. Interestingly, this gene family shows primate-specific duplications that result in species-specific arrays of NBPF homologous sequences. Overall, this novel NBPF family reflects the continuous evolution of primate genomes that resulted in large physiological differences, and its potential role in this process is discussed.
Management of genital candidiasis
Authors: D. J White, S. M Drake
Journal: BMJ (1995)

problem of stratification and selection for admission to those units.Finally, it is worth emphasising that not all investigations are of unproved value and that effective strategies for managing high risk patients do exist.We can avoid surgery altogether, and, indeed, quantification of risk may be particularly important in those operations, such as carotid endarterectomy, in which the benefit of surgery disappears at a given (and low) rate of perioperative complications.'As we stated in our last paragraph, further studies are urgently needed; these should not only assess methods of stratifying risk but also evaluate their effectiveness in reducing morbidity.Until such evidence is forthcoming, our article sum- marises the best methods available.
Zinc in ulcerative colitis: a therapeutic trial and report on plasma levels.
Authors: M W Dronfield, J D Malone, M J Langman
Journal: Gut (1977)

A double-blind controlled trial of oral zinc sulphate as adjuvant treatment in idiopathic ulcerative colitis or proctitis in relapse is reported. Fifty-one patients were treated, and the clinical and sigmoidoscopic improvement in the zinc treated patients was similar to that in patients receiving placebo. No difference was found between plasma zinc levels in a further 46 patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis or proctitis and those obtained in a group of healthy controls.
Immunohistochemical staining of C-reactive protein predicts restenosis after directional coronary atherectomy in patients with angina pectoris
Authors: Tatsunori Ishikawa, Kinta Hatakeyama, Takuroh Imamura, Haruhiko Date, Yoshisato Shibata, Yutaka Hikichi, Yasushi Koiwaya, Yujiro Asada, Tanenao Eto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Effectiveness of Mental Health Screening and Coordination of In-Theater Care Prior to Deployment to Iraq: A Cohort Study
Authors: Christopher H. Warner, George N. Appenzeller, Jessica R. Parker, Carolynn M. Warner, Charles W. Hoge
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

The authors assessed the effectiveness of a systematic method of predeployment mental health screening to determine whether screening decreased negative outcomes during deployment in Iraq's combat setting.Primary care providers performed directed mental health screenings during standard predeployment medical screening. If indicated, on-site mental health providers assessed occupational functioning with unit leaders and coordinated in-theater care for those cleared for deployment. Mental health-related clinical encounters and evacuations during the first 6 months of deployment in 2007 were compared for 10,678 soldiers from three screened combat brigades and 10,353 soldiers from three comparable unscreened combat brigades.Of 10,678 soldiers screened, 819 (7.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI]=7.2-8.2) received further mental health evaluation; of these, 74 (9.0%, 95% CI=7.1-11.0) were not cleared to deploy and 96 (11.7%, 95% CI=9.5-13.9) were deployed with additional requirements. After 6 months, soldiers in screened brigades had significantly lower rates of clinical contacts than did those in unscreened brigades for suicidal ideation (0.4%, 95% CI=0.3-0.5, compared with 0.9%, 95% CI=0.7-1.1), for combat stress (15.7%, 95% CI=15.0-16.4, compared with 22.0%, 95% CI=21.2-22.8), and for psychiatric disorders (2.9%, 95% CI=2.6-3.2, compared with 13.2%, 95% CI=12.5-13.8), as well as lower rates of occupational impairment (0.6%, 95% CI=0.4-0.7, compared with 1.8%, 95% CI=1.5-2.1) and air evacuation for behavioral health reasons (0.1%, 95% CI=0.1-0.2, compared with 0.3%, 95% CI=0.2-0.4).Predeployment mental health screening was associated with significant reductions in occupationally impairing mental health problems, medical evacuations from Iraq for mental health reasons, and suicidal ideation. This predeployment screening process provides a feasible system for screening soldiers and coordinating mental health support during deployment.
Attentional Performance in Patients With Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Major Depression and Schizophrenia
Authors: Erik B. Nelson, Kenji W. Sax, Stephen M. Strakowski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The authors examined Continuous Performance Test scores of patients with major depression with or without psychosis and schizophrenia.Patients with major depression with psychosis (N = 13), major depression without psychosis (N = 14), and schizophrenia (N = 15) and normal volunteers (N = 14) completed the degraded-stimulus version of the Continuous Performance Test. Patients were rated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and measures of positive formal thought disorder.Continuous Performance Test scores of patients with major depression with psychosis and schizophrenia were significantly worse than those of patients with major depression without psychosis and of normal volunteers. Positive formal thought disorder was correlated with performance on this test in patients with schizophrenia.These findings suggest that attentional impairment on the Continuous Performance Test is associated with psychosis in general and may be specifically associated with positive formal thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia.
CARD9 mutations linked to subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis and TH17 cell deficiencies
Authors: Xiaowen Wang, Wenyan Wang, Zhimiao Lin, Xiaolin Wang, Ting Li, Jin Yu, Wei Liu, Zhongsheng Tong, Yonghao Xu, Junling Zhang, Liping Guan, Lanlan Dai, Yong Yang, Wenling Han, Ruoyu Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The head chef
Authors: Linda Shields
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

Newton et al.1 make it sound like the surgeons have control of the management of operating theatres, that their role is that of ‘head chef’ who has responsibility for everything that happens within the perioperative suite. As a perioperative nurse2,3 I must point out that this is not the case. While surgeons may have some say on which patients are included on their lists, and when they turn up to operate, they never, in my experience, have, as you say, the ‘ultimate responsibility for gastronomical governance'.

The ‘chef’ is always the registered perioperative nurse manager in charge of the unit. He/she controls the allocation of theatres, staffing of the whole multidisciplinary team (including medical staff), support services, ordering, supply and so forth. Importantly, the nurse in charge is responsible for communication between teams, within the unit and the outside world, and deals with complaints. In fact, I have never encountered a surgeon who is even remotely interested in any of the things you list as part of a surgeon's role.
Impact on quality of life of adding cetuximab to irinotecan in patients who have failed prior oxaliplatin-based therapy: The EPIC trial
Authors: C. Eng, J. Maurel, W. Scheithauer, L. Wong, M. Lutz, G. Middleton, R. Stoller, A. Zubel, H. Lu, A. F. Sobrero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4003 Background: EPIC, a multinational phase III clinical trial examined the impact of cetuximab on survival in pretreated EGFR- expressing metastatic colorectal (MCRC) patients (pts). Pts were randomized to either cetuximab 400 mg/m 2 followed by 250 mg/m 2 weekly and irinotecan 350 mg/m 2 q 3 weeks or irinotecan alone. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) with quality of life being one of the secondary endpoints. Methods: Health Related Quality of life (HRQoL) of pts in this trial was assessed through the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, version 3.0. Pts completed the questionnaire pretreatment, every second cycle, and at first follow-up visit. HRQoL was compared between treatment arms using a Wei-Lachin test. Results: Baseline demographics were balanced between the arms. Cetuximab plus irinotecan (n=648) was superior to irinotecan alone (n=650) in progression-free survival (HR 0.69, p&lt;.0001) and response rate (16.4 vs 4.2%, p&lt;.0001). OS was comparable between the arms, but may have been influenced by subsequent therapy: 46% of subjects in the irinotecan alone arm received cetuximab, 89% of them in combination with irinotecan. Baseline HRQoL scores did not significantly differ between treatment arms for 11 of the 15 scales. For 4 scales (Social Functioning, Fatigue, Dyspnea, and Appetite Loss), there were statistically significant differences in baseline scores, in favor of the cetuximab plus irinotecan arm. Non- compliance rates (missing questionnaires) were similar between the arms. A statistically significant difference was noted for pts in the cetuximab plus irinotecan arm in HRQoL on 10 of the 15 scales as compared to patients in the irinotecan arm, with the scores of the cetuximab plus irinotecan arm consistently higher, as noted by the scales of Global Health Status (p=.047), pain (p&lt; .0001), and nausea (p&lt;.0001). Conclusions: In addition to statistically significant improvements in PFS and RR in patients receiving cetuximab plus irinotecan compared with irinotecan alone, HRQoL was better preserved on the combination arm with less deterioration in symptom scores (pain, nausea, insomnia), as well as global health status scores. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Relationship between ST-segment elevation and local tissue flow during myocardial ischaemia in dogs
Authors: J. LEKVEN, A. ILEBEKK, E. FONSTELIEN, F. KIIL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article Relationship between ST-segment elevation and local tissue flow during myocardial ischaemia in dogs Get access JON LEKVEN, JON LEKVEN From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ARNFINN ILEBEKK, ARNFINN ILEBEKK From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ERIK FØNSTELIEN, ERIK FØNSTELIEN From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FREDRIK KIIL FREDRIK KIIL From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 5, September 1975, Pages 627–633, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.5.627 Published: 01 September 1975
Arrhythmia susceptibility and myocardial composition in diabetes. Influence of physical conditioning.
Authors: S Bakth, J Arena, W Lee, R Torres, B Haider, B C Patel, M M Lyons, T J Regan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Abnormal myocardial composition in diabetes mellitus has been described, but the effects on ventricular vulnerability have not been defined. We have assessed the susceptibility to arrhythmias in a canine model after 1 yr of mild diabetes induced by alloxan. Since physical conditioning can affect metabolic abnormalities in diabetes, this intervention has also been evaluated. Group 1 served as controls and groups 3 and 4 were diabetic. Animals in the latter group as well as nondiabetic controls of group 2 were exercised on a treadmill for the last 8 mo of the experiment. After 1 yr, anesthesia was induced with chloralose for vulnerability studies. The ventricular fibrillation threshold of 24.4 +/- 1.9 mA in group 3 was significantly less than in normals (45.1 +/- 2.2). Spontaneous arrhythmias were also more prevalent in diabetics during acute ischemia (group 3-A). Increased ventricular vulnerability after epinephrine infusion was present in the sedentary diabetes despite normal ventricular function responsiveness. In a superfused preparation of myocardium, resting membrane potential and action potential amplitude were normal in diabetics, and beta-adrenergic stimulation shortened repolarization more than in controls. Myocardial collagen concentrations, which included an interfibrillar distribution on morphologic examination, were increased in group 3. In the trained diabetics of group 4 the basal vulnerability thresholds and responses to epinephrine were normal. While myocardial collagen levels were normal, cholesterol and triglyceride increments persisted. Thus, in mild experimental diabetes, enhanced susceptibility to arrhythmias exists; this susceptibility may be based on a combination of nonhomogenous collagen accumulation affecting local conduction and increased electrophysiologic sensitivity to catecholamines.
Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Is Expressed in Murine Atherosclerotic Lesions and Modulates Lesion Evolution
Authors: Virna L. Sales, Galina K. Sukhova, Marco A. Lopez-Ilasaca, Peter Libby, Victor J. Dzau, Richard E. Pratt
Journal: Circulation (2005)

In the vasculature, the angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor (AT2R) exerts antiproliferative, antifibrotic, and proapoptotic effects. Normal adult animals have low AT2R expression; however, vascular injury and exposure to proinflammatory cytokines augment AT2R levels. We hypothesized that AT2R expression increases during initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.Atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein (Apo) E(-/-) mice contained AT2Rs, measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. To test the consequences of this expression, male ApoE(-/-), angiotensin II type 2 receptor-deficient (Agtr2-), and ApoE(-/-), wild-type (Agtr2+) mice consumed a high-cholesterol diet from 4 weeks of age. Ten weeks later, overall area and cellular composition of aortic arch lesions did not differ significantly among genotypes. After 16 weeks, ApoE(-/-)/Agtr2+, but not ApoE(-/-)/Agtr2- mice had dramatic decreases in percent positive area of macrophages, smooth muscles, lipids, and collagen. Diminished bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and increased TUNEL staining accompanied these decreases.Thus, loss of AT2R during the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions augmented the extent of cellularity of atherosclerotic lesions, establishing AT2R as a modulator of atherogenesis.
Monitoring of HIV viral loads, CD4 cell counts, and clinical assessments versus clinical monitoring alone for antiretroviral therapy in rural district hospitals in Cameroon (Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER): a randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Christian Laurent, Charles Kouanfack, Gabrièle Laborde-Balen, Avelin Fobang Aghokeng, Jules Brice Tchatchueng Mbougua, Sylvie Boyer, Maria Patrizia Carrieri, Jean-Marc Mben, Marlise Dontsop, Serge Kazé, Nicolas Molinari, Anke Bourgeois, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngolé, Bruno Spire, Sinata Koulla-Shiro, Eric Delaporte
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2011)