tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE DEGENERATE JAWS AND TEETH.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Modification of the V-shaped arch results from modification of the above named conditions. A difference in the time of eruption of the cuspids, everything else being equal, effects a difference in the space left for their accommodation and thus partial V-shaped arches (Fig. 55) are found. The keystone, the cuspid, is not entirely outside or inside of the arch in the partial V-shaped form, but may appear partially crowded out of place. Hence, the arch is neither a normal curve nor wholly angular, but unites the characteristics of both. Its lateral diameter is less than that of the normal arch, giving a contracted appearance. Thus a number of varieties of the fundamental forms of the V-shaped arch are formed differing in degrees of anterior contraction. All of these result from the comparative thinness of the anterior portion of the process offering but little resistance, an abnormal pressure from behind, and
P570AT2P1 gene polymorphism effect on development of arrhythmias in hypertensive patients:
Authors: MV Krestjyaninov, RH Gimaev, VA Razin, MA Melnikova, NV Olezov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Arrhythmias development determined by structural alterations of the heart, renin-angiotensin system activity and genetic factors. The purpose of our study was to evaluate angiotensin 2 receptor type 1 (AT2P1) gene polymorphism effect on development of arrhythmias in hypertensive patients. Were examined 125 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) 1-3 grade complicated by HF I-II NYHA functional class. The mean age of patients - 52.2 (6.8) years. Patients with acute myocardial infarction in history, diabetes mellitus and autoimmune diseases were excluded from the study. In all patients was performed ECG in 12 standard leads, Holter ECG monitoring, EchoCG (ASE/EAE recommendations 2005). HF NYHA functional class was determined by using the 6MWT. Extrasystoles types were determined by Lown B. classification. Genotyping of AT2P1 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA restriction fragments length. Statistical significance was defined at the level of methods for p<0,05. As it can be seen from Table 1 the presence of C allele in genotype of AT2P1 gene accompanied by a statistically significant increase of the frequency of high grade ventricular extrasystoles in comparison with homozygous AA type: 5 patients (7%) with AA and 9 patients (20%) with AC: Chi2 =3.8, p= 0.048, RR= 2.8 (95%CI 1.06 - 7.9). Thus, results of our study indicates role of C allele in genotype of AT2P1 gene in development of high grade ventricular extrasystoles in hypertensive patients. AT2P1 gene polymorphism & arrhythmias SVPB - supraventricular premature beats, AF - atrial fibrillation AT2P1 gene polymorphism & arrhythmias SVPB - supraventricular premature beats, AF - atrial fibrillation
miR-206 Expression Is Down-regulated in Estrogen Receptor α–Positive Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Naoto Kondo, Tatsuya Toyama, Hiroshi Sugiura, Yoshitaka Fujii, Hiroko Yamashita
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER) α govern estrogen-dependent growth, response to endocrine therapy, and prognosis in ERα-positive breast cancer. Multiple mechanisms involved in altering ERα gene expression in breast cancer have been identified, including ERα gene amplification as well as transcriptional silencing by DNA methylation of CpG islands within the ERα promoter and mutations within the open reading frame of ERα. However, expression levels of ERα in breast cancer tissues differ widely among patients, and frequently change during disease progression and in response to systemic therapies. Recent evidence has shown that microRNA mutations or misexpression correlate with various human cancers, and miR-206 is reported to decrease endogenous ERα mRNA and protein levels in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells via two specific target sites within the 3′-untranslated region of the human ERα transcript. In this study, we show for the first time that miR-206 expression is markedly decreased in ERα-positive human breast cancer tissues assayed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Moreover, we observe that miR-206 expression is inversely correlated with ERα but not ERβ mRNA expression in breast cancer tissues. Transfection experiments revealed that introduction of miR-206 into estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells inhibits cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Our results suggest that miR-206 could be a novel candidate for endocrine therapy that targets only ERα in breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5004–8]
Outcome in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Can Be Predicted from the Presence of Accompanying Cytotoxic and Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Tomás Álvaro, Marylène Lejeune, Ma Teresa Salvadó, Ramón Bosch, Juan F. García, Joaquín Jaén, Alison H. Banham, Giovanna Roncador, Carlos Montalbán, Miguel A. Piris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Recent studies of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) have suggested that the presence of regulatory T cells in the reactive background may explain the inhibition of the antitumoral host immune response observed in these patients. This study aimed to assess the relevance of regulatory T cells and CTLs present in the background of HL samples in the prognosis of a series of classic HL (cHL) patients. Experimental Design: Expression of granzyme B and TIA-1 (markers for CTL) and FOXP3 (a marker for regulatory T cells) were evaluated independently by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of 257 cHL patients and correlated with patient outcome. Results: The combined influence of the presence of FOXP3+ and TIA-1+ cells distinguished three risk groups of patients with 5-year overall survival of 100%, 88%, and 73%. The presence of a small number of FOXP3+ cells and a high proportion of TIA-1+ cells in the infiltrate represent an independent prognostic factor that negatively influenced event-free survival and disease-free survival in cHL. Compared with the features at diagnosis, relapsed samples tended to have more TIA-1+ cells and a lower proportion of FOXP3+ cells in the reactive background. Conclusions: These data suggest that low infiltration of FOXP3+ cells in conjunction with high infiltration of TIA-1+ cells in cHL may represent biological markers predicting an unfavorable outcome. Moreover, the variation of these markers over the course of the disease implies a possible role for them in the progression of HL cases.
Seasonal Variation in the Occurrence of Homicide in Finland
Authors: Jari Tiihonen, Pirkko Räsänen, Helinä Hakko
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Although seasonal variation in impulsive aggression related to circannual rhythms of central serotonin neurotransmission is a topic of current interest, there is little firm knowledge on seasonality in the occurrence of homicide. Longitudinal studies on the seasonal rhythms of platelet imipramine binding and L-tryptophan levels have placed the circannual peaks around January and February and the nadirs around May and August. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the number of homicides is the lowest during winter and the highest during spring and summer. A secondary hypothesis was that the seasonal variations in homicides and violent suicides are correlated.The largest database on the monthly occurrence of homicide thus far (N = 4,553) was used in this study, in which the monthly occurrence of all murders and manslaughters in Finland during the years 1957-1995 was analyzed.During winter the homicide rate was 6% below the expected rate. Correspondingly, during summer there was a 6% elevation above the expected homicide rate, but no significant peak was observed in spring. There was a significant association between the monthly occurrence of homicides and violent suicides but not between homicides and nonviolent suicides.The results suggest that a seasonal variation in the occurrence of homicide exists. On the basis of current literature, it could be hypothesized that this seasonal variation and the correlation between the monthly occurrence of homicides and violent suicides are associated with the observed circannual rhythms of serotonin transmission.
Association of Cumulative Lead Exposure with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Marc G. Weisskopf, Jennifer Weuve, Huiling Nie, Marie-Helene Saint-Hilaire, Lewis Sudarsky, David K. Simon, Bonnie Hersh, Joel Schwartz, Robert O. Wright, Howard Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Research using reconstructed exposure histories has suggested an association between heavy metal exposures, including lead, and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the only study that used bone lead, a biomarker of cumulative lead exposure, found a nonsignificant increase in risk of PD with increasing bone lead.We sought to assess the association between bone lead and PD.Bone lead concentrations were measured using 109Cd excited K-shell X-ray fluorescence from 330 PD patients (216 men, 114 women) and 308 controls (172 men, 136 women) recruited from four clinics for movement disorders and general-community cohorts. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for PD were calculated using logistic regression.The average age of cases and controls at bone lead measurement was 67 (SD = 10) and 69 (SD = 9) years of age, respectively. In primary analyses of cases and controls recruited from the same groups, compared with the lowest quartile of tibia lead, the OR for PD in the highest quartile was 3.21 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17-8.83]. Results were similar but slightly weaker in analyses restricted to cases and controls recruited from the movement disorders clinics only (fourth-quartile OR = 2.57; 95% CI, 1.11-5.93) or when we included controls recruited from sites that did not also contribute cases (fourth-quartile OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.01-3.60). We found no association with patella bone lead.These findings, using an objective biological marker of cumulative lead exposure among typical PD patients seen in our movement disorders clinics, strengthen the evidence that cumulative exposure to lead increases the risk of PD.
Vitamins face control worldwide.
Authors: L. Lazarides
Journal: BMJ (1992)

vitamin K and thus associated with childhood cancer, but in the other hospital there was no association between type of delivery and cancer, regardless of whether or not intramuscular vitamin K had been given.Consequently it is unlikely that type of delivery will explain the link between intramuscular vitamin K and childhood cancer.We note the response from D Kaiser and PA Hooper of Roche.As they indicate in their letter, the second vitamin K study was indeed funded by them.This funding was only agreed after they had submitted our proposed design for appropriate peer review.The exact design of the study was discussed at length with Roche before it was started and so it is difficult to interpret their statement that they believe this to be seriously flawed.Kaiser and Hooper also criticise the statis- tical methods.The data have been analysed in two different ways, and although possibly some of their criticisms may apply to the use of logistic regres- sion, they do not apply to the Mantel-Haenszel test that we used.The fact that both methods produced almost identical results is a refutation of their claim of bias in the statistical techniques.The Mantel- Haenszel results were published in detail so that it could be seen that these were not unduly influenced by any one particular year.J&OLDING
Skin Pigmentation and Chlorpromazine
Authors: Alvin S. Zelickson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SINCE THE first reports detailing a new syndrome of dermatologic and ophthalmologic changes in patients receiving prolonged and high doses of chlorpromazine,<sup>1,2</sup>there have been many subsequent papers dealing with the subject.<sup>3-10</sup>Many of the reports have been concerned with the development of slate-blue skin pigmentation in these patients, and the general consensus has been that it is the result of a melanin or melaninlike substance. As previously reported, this syndrome is characterized by discoloration of the exposed areas of the body. The pigmentation may range in degree from a slight darkening of the skin to a definite slate-gray or blue color. Histologic examination has revealed a pigment chiefly in the corium, which has been suggested to be melanin. Ocular changes have been noted with and without overt skin pigmentation. The eye changes consist of a deposition of fine particles in the anterior capsular and subcapsular portion of
THE FECAL FLORA OF VARIOUS STRAINS OF MICE. ITS BEARING ON THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENDOTOXIN
Authors: Russell W. Schaedler, René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Adult mice from seven different colonies were studied with regard to (a) the numbers and types of bacteria that could be cultivated from their stools; (b) their resistance to the lethal effect of endotoxins prepared from three strains of Gram-negative bacilli. See PDF for Structure In six of the seven colonies, the stools yielded large numbers of various types of lactobacilli, enterococci, and Gram-negative bacilli. Most animals in these colonies died within 48 hours following injection of endotoxin. The other mouse colony (NCS) has been maintained for the past three years at the Rockefeller Institute under exacting sanitary conditions; it is free of many types of common mouse pathogens. The stool flora of NCS mice yielded very large numbers of viable lactobacilli (10(9) per gm), representing at least three different morphological types. In contrast, it contained only few enterococci and Gram-negative bacilli (less than 10(6) per gm). Moreover, E. coli, Proteus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. could not be recovered from the stools under normal conditions. NCS mice proved resistant to the lethal effect of endotoxins. These characteristics of the NCS colony prevailed whether the animals were housed continuously in individual cages on wire grids, or grouped continuously in large cages with wood shavings as litter. However, the composition of the bacterial flora could be rapidly and profoundly altered by a variety of unrelated disturbances such as sudden changes in environmental temperature, crowding in cages, handling of the animals, administration of antibacterial drugs, etc. The first effect of the change was a marked decrease in the numbers of lactobacilli and commonly an increase in the numbers of Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci. When tested 3 weeks after these disturbances some NCS animals were found to have become susceptible to the lethal effects of endotoxin.
Interferon‐induced aplasia: Evidence for t‐cell‐mediated suppression of hematopoiesis and recovery after treatment with horse antihuman thymocyte globulin
Authors: K. F. Mangan, B. Zidar, R. K. Shadduck, Z. Zeigler, A. Winkelstein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract A severe and persistent pancytopenia occurred in a 42‐year‐old woman with a non Hodgkin's lymphoma following a 10‐day course of intramuscular human leukocyte alpha interferon (IFN, 9.0 IU/day). Within 2 weeks of IFN, marrow nucleated myeloid and erythroid precursor cells and megakaryocytes were nearly absent and marrow progenitor cells (CFU‐E, BFU‐E, CFU‐GM) were undetectable. Analysis of marrow lymphocytes revealed that nearly 50% of the cells were E‐rosette +, Tγ+, OKT8 + (suppressor/cytotoxic) T‐and/or Leu 7 + natural killer (NK) lymphocytes and 50% were IgM Kappa, B1 +, B‐lymphocytes. In vitro erythroid culture studies were consistent with T‐cell‐mediated suppression of erythropoiesis. After 2 months without improvement on corticosteroid/androgen therapy, a 10‐day course of intravenous antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was administered. This was followed by a prompt reticulocytosis and a rise in blood neutrophils. After ATG therapy, there was a sixfold reduction in marrow suppressor cells, loss of in vitro suppressor effects on erythroid progenitor cells, and complete reversal of blood and marrow OKT4/OKT8 (helper/suppressor) ratios. These studies suggest that interferon may suppress hematopoiesis in some patients by activating marrow suppressor T‐ and/or NK cells. Treatment aimed at reduction of marrow suppressor cells may aid in hematologic recovery without eliminating the infiltrating lymphoma.
Elevated levels of soluble ICAM‐1 in sera from patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: S. Hashimoto, K. Imai, T. Kobayashi, E. Amemiya, Y. Takahashi, Y. Tomita, T. Iwatal, H. Suguro, M Yamaguchi, A. Yachi, T. Horie
Journal: Allergy (1993)

We measured the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in sera from patients with bronchial asthma. sICAM-1 levels in sera from atopic asthmatic patients in stable conditions were higher than in normal control subjects. Furthermore, the sICAM-1 levels in sera obtained during bronchial asthma attacks were higher than those in sera obtained in stable conditions. These results suggest that higher levels of sICAM-1 in sera reflect the upregulation of ICAM-1 expression in allergic inflammation.
Gastric Dilatation From Resuscitation Procedure
Authors: William H. Duncan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In 1957 the Council on Medical Physics of the American Medical Association in a "Symposium on Mouth to Mouth Resuscitation (Expired Air Inflation)"1 recommended for emergency resuscitation of infants and small children mouth to mouth resuscitation, following a preliminary maneuver to clear the airway. It was further recommended that "... all possible media of public information be utilized to disseminate information concerning the use of this method for infants and small children...." Since 1958, hundreds of articles have reported successful use of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, without report of unfavorable complications. A 17-month-old child appeared to stop breathing immediately after the administration of some oral medication. Holding the child upside down and hitting it across the shoulder blades did not start it breathing again. The child was then placed on a soft sofa in a supine position. An adult took in an inspiration as deeply as possible and then breathed
Early Invasive Cervical Cancer: Tumor Delineation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Clinical Examination, Verified by Pathologic Results, in the ACRIN 6651/GOG 183 Intergroup Study
Authors: Donald G. Mitchell, Bradley Snyder, Fergus Coakley, Caroline Reinhold, Gillian Thomas, Marco Amendola, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Paula Woodward, Harpreet Pannu, Hedvig Hricak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and clinical examination for delineating early cervical cancer and for measuring tumor size.A 25-center study enrolled 208 patients with biopsy-proven invasive cervical cancer for MRI and CT before attempted curative radical hysterectomy. Each imaging study was interpreted prospectively by one onsite radiologist and retrospectively by four independent offsite radiologists, who were all blinded to surgical, histopathologic, and other imaging findings. Likelihood of cervical stromal and uterine body involvement was rated on a 5-point scale. Tumor size measurements were attempted in three axes. Surgical pathology was the standard of reference.Neither MRI nor CT was accurate for evaluating cervical stroma. For uterine body involvement, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was higher for MRI than for CT for both prospective (0.80 v 0.66, respectively; P = .01) and retrospective (0.68 v 0.57, respectively; P = .02) readings. Retrospective readers could measure diameter by CT in 35% to 73% of patients and by MRI in 79% to 94% of patients. Prospective readers had the highest Spearman correlation coefficient with pathologic measurement for MRI (r(s) = 0.54), followed by CT (r(s) = 0.45) and clinical examination (r(s) = 0.37; P < .0001 for all). Spearman correlation of multiobserver diameter measurements for MRI (r(s) = 0.58; P < .0001) was double that for CT (r(s) = 0.27; P = .03).In patients with cervical cancer, MRI is superior to CT and clinical examination for evaluating uterine body involvement and measuring tumor size, but no method was accurate for evaluating cervical stroma.
Periarthritis of the shoulder. II. Radiological features.
Authors: V Wright, A M Haq
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

A group of 113 women and 73 men with periarthritis of the shoulder have been studied in detail. Electromyography showed 4 patients with neuralgic amyotrophy who had been referred for the shoulder study but were excluded on this basis. Nerve conduction studies showed little difference between the periarthritic group and a control group, apart from some reduction in amplitude and potential, and in women a suggestion of an increased latency. Duration of the action potential was equal. 6 patients had an undoubtedly long latency compatible with median nerve compression. Degenerative changes were found in the glenohumeral joints in 6-9%. Degenerative changes were found at the acromioclavicular joints in 31% of the men and 44% of the women. Calcification was found around 11 of the shoulder joints. There was frequently a previous history of 9rheumatism9 before the episode of periarthritis. In one-third of the women 9nonspecific rheumatism9 had occurred. Cervicobrachial pain and a previous episode of shoulder pain had occurred more often in the women. Arthrography was performed in 7 patients and there was a reduction in volume of material that could be injected in only one patient. There was obliteration of the axillary fold in that patient, and a torn capsule in a patient who had previously been manipulated. Lateral cervical spine x-rays were compared with films from an epidemiological survey. The disc space/vertebral body height ratio was taken, overcoming the magnification effects shown by technical alterations in the method of taking films. Good intra- and interobserver correlation was found for this ratio, but not for the width of the canal. There was no difference in the disc/body ratio between the periarthritic and control group in the upper cervical region. In the C5/6 and C6/7 intervertebral discs there was evidence of more disc degeneration in the periarthritic group. The differences from the control group were not great because of the high incidence of disc space narrowing and osteophytosis after the age of 45 years in the general population.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: W. H. HOWELL
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Modern conceptions of the physiology of the pituitary gland began with the work of Oliver and Schäfer (1895) and Szymonovicz (1896), who showed that extracts of the gland, when injected intravenously, give an effect on blood pressure. Howell (1898) pointed out that these effects on blood pressure are given only by extracts of the posterior lobe. Since that time a distinction has been made by most writers between the physiology of the posterior and of the anterior lobe. In regard to the posterior lobe, the work of numerous observers indicates that the following effects may be given by its extracts when injected into the circulation: A marked rise of blood pressure (pressor effect), preceded in some cases by a fall of blood pressure (depressor effect). An increased secretion of urine (diuretic effect). A decreased secretion of urine (oliguretic effect). An increased secretion of the mammary gland (galactagogic effect). A stimulating