tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences In The Antigenic And Allergenic Characteristics In Tomato During The Ripening Process
Authors: A FERRER, C HERNANDODELARRAMENDI, A HUERTAS, J GARCIAABUJETA, J BARTRA, J PAGAN, J LAVIN, C ANDREU, M LOPEZMATAS, J CARNES
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
A tamoxifen-inducible chimeric Cre recombinase specifically effective in the fetal and adult mouse liver
Authors: Mounia Tannour-Louet, Arlette Porteu, Sophie Vaulont, Axel Kahn, Mireille Vasseur-Cognet
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The spatiotemporal control of somatic mutagenesis in mice is considered a promising step to determine the function of a given gene product in a defined population of cells at any given time during animal life and also to generate better mouse models of human diseases. To introduce defined mutations in a temporally controlled manner in the liver, we established transgenic mice expressing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the transthyretin promoter ( TTR-Cre ind ). The recombinase activity was examined on 2 different floxed alleles by crossing TTR-Cre ind mice with either the reporter strain ROSA 26 or with homozygous mice carrying floxed catalytic α2 subunit of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase gene. By placing 2 mutated hormone-binding domains of murine estrogen receptor (Mer) at both termini of the Cre, we show that the fusion protein is active only on administration of the synthetic estrogen antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) without any background in the absence of the inducing agent. The recombination is specific of the fetal and adult liver, and we show that the efficiency of recombination reached 80% to 100% after treatment with 4-OHT. In conclusion, TTR-Cre ind transgenic mice represent a valuable tool for temporally controlling the desired gene modifications in vivo in the fetal and adult liver. This would certainly help to understand the physiologic functions of genes in the liver, to create various mouse models mimicking human diseases, and to contribute to liver cancer-specific suicide gene therapy studies.
Abstract 4159: PTEN nucleo-cytoplasmic protein compartmentalization and gene status are correlated with aggressiveness of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Stephane Collaud, Verena Tischler, Aurel Perren, Paul Komminoth, Peter Schraml, Holger Moch, Walter Weder, Alex Soltermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Lung neuroendocrine tumors (NET) comprise typical (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein is a known cytosolic tumor suppressor with recently described novel nuclear functions. We investigated this differential PTEN protein compartmentalization together with its genomic status in pulmonary NETs. Patients and Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort of 192 patients with lung NET was investigated on a tissue microarray (TMA, surgical resections = 183/autopsies = 9) by immunohistochemistry (IHC, cytoplasm and nucleus) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH, nucleus). Results were correlated with markers of neuroendocrine differentiation (synaptophysin, chromogranin A), proliferation (mib-1), cell cycle (p27, cyclin D1) and survival data. Results: The histotypes represented were TC in 58 patients, AC in 42, LCNEC in 32 and SCLC in 60. All NETs showed higher PTEN immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus, whereby the greatest nucleo-cytoplasmic difference was found for SCLC. In both compartments, immunoreactivity was higher in the carcinoids than in LCNEC and SCLC. Loss of cytosolic or nuclear PTEN protein was correlated with increased mitotic rate, with low synaptophysin or chromogranin A and with PTEN genomic deletion. Loss of nuclear PTEN protein correlated with high nuclear TTF1, whereas loss of cytosolic protein correlated with low p27 and low cyclin D1 (all p-values &amp;lt;0.05). Patients with PTEN genomic deletion or low PTEN immunoreactivity had poorer survivals. Conclusion: PTEN genomic deletion or PTEN protein loss is linked to dedifferentiation and poor prognosis of lung NET. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of PTEN protein could play a role in the different PTEN inactivation mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4159. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4159
Endoscopy in Its Infancy
Authors: L. Fred Ayvazian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Figure 1. While still a teenager, Chevalier Jackson (1865–1958) concocted a tool that enabled him to recover an expensive drill bit lost underground during oil-well drilling on his father's Pennsylvania farm. In 1890, four years out of medical school, he devised an endoscope with which he retrieved foreign bodies from the esophagus: teeth from an adult, a coin from a child. Jackson went on to design the rigid bronchoscope that bears his name, and he taught its use to the next generation of peroral endoscopists. Using tubing, cadavers, and dogs and zealously emphasizing safety, he demonstrated diagnostic, therapeutic, and biopsy . . .
Overcoming the Adverse Effect of Humidity in Aerosol Delivery via Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers during Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: CARLOS F. LANGE, WARREN H. FINLAY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The well-known problem of reduced drug delivery that occurs when heated, humid air is used with pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and spacers in intubated settings is carefully studied with Airomir using an in vitro model under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. A better understanding of the physical processes leading to the aforementioned drop in performance is obtained, and a method is devised to circumvent the problem without having to reduce the temperature or humidity of the ventilator circuit. The present study shows that the mole fraction of water vapor in the ventilation air (and not the temperature) is the major factor behind the sharp drop in the amount of drug delivered to the lung. However, the presence of water vapor does not affect performance because of hygroscopic growth. Instead, it influences the initial atomization process and the early stages of aerosol generation. Removal of these negative effects can be achieved by using a larger spacer that allows longer times for the aerosol to evaporate, as is demonstrated in the present study.
Elimination of CD4+ suppressor T cells from susceptible BALB/c mice releases CD8+ T lymphocytes to mediate protective immunity against Leishmania.
Authors: J O Hill, M Awwad, R J North
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

This study examined the capacity of BALB/c mice that had been depleted of T cell subpopulations to generate a protective immune response to Leishmania major. Thymectomized mice were depleted of either L3T4+ (CD4+) T lymphocytes, Ly2+ (CD8+) T lymphocytes, or both, by treatment with appropriate mAbs. It was found that susceptible mice were rendered resistant to Leishmania by an intravenous infusion of anti-L3T4 mAb. These mice generated an immune response that destroyed the parasite in the primary lesion and in visceral metastatic foci. CD4+ cell-depleted mice also acquired a capacity to mount a sustained delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to parasite antigens, indicating that DTH, per se, is not a disease-promoting mechanism in the susceptible murine host as has been suggested. Depleting BALB/c mice of CD8+, as well as CD4+ T cells, left them highly susceptible to Leishmania infection, thereby indicating that CD8+ lymphocytes are key protective cells. Our results can be interpreted as showing that the susceptibility of BALB/c mice is due to the generation of CD4+ cells that suppress either the generation or expression of CD8+ T cell-mediated antiLeishmania immunity.
Aerosol Steroid Therapy and Chronic Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Hylan A. Bickerman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The therapeutic response to steroids administered by inhalation was studied in 71 patients with severe chronic bronchial asthma. This investigation was based on the concept that topically administered steroid would result in a high local concentration of hormone on the bronchial mucosa and might so effect relief of asthma with less of the adverse reactions encountered with systemic steroid therapy. Thirty-five of the 71 patients obtained marked relief with remission in asthmatic symptoms; 23 were recorded as having moderate reduction in wheeze and obstructive dyspnea; and the remaining 13 noted little or no improvement. Clinical response was assessed in conjunction with ventilatory function studies over a period of approximately 12 months. Except for one instance of marked increase in appetite, there were no adverse hormonal reactions.
A9.1 αvβ3 Integrin Inhibition with Cilengitide Both Prevents and Treats Collagen Induced Arthritis
Authors: Despoina Sykoutri, Nisha Geetha, Silvia Hayer, Peter Mandl, Josef S Smolen, Gerald Prager, Kurt Redlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by synovial inflammation and osteoclast (OC) mediated bone erosions. AlphaVbeta3 (αvβ3) integrin is highly expressed in OCs. Avβ3 blocking antibodies reduce bone resorption and mice lacking β3 are osteopetrotic. <h3>Objectives</h3> Efficacy testing of the αvβ3 inhibitor cilengitide, a synthetic Arginine-Glycine-Asparagine amino acid peptide (RGD peptide), on osteoclastogenesis and the collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model for human RA. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> In vitro mouse bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) were differentiated into tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP+) mononuclear OC precursor cells (pre-OCs) and TRAP+ multinucleated mature OCs with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). Cilengitide, was added in increasing concentrations (2 nM to 20 µM) to the culture. These osteoclastogenesis assays were performed on plates coated with RGD containing matrixes osteopontin, fibronectin and fibrinogen but also on Poly-D-lysine to assess αvβ3 independent adhesion. In vivo CIA was induced in 6–8 week old male DBA/1 mice by immunisation with bovine type II collagen at day 1, followed by boosting at day 21. For CIA prevention mice received subcutaneously (s.c.) 1.5 mg/kg cilengitide (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15), 5 days per week, 1 day prior to CIA induction until day 53. For CIA treatment, mice with arthritis were randomised and received 1.5 mg/kg (low dose, n = 19) or 75 mg/kg (high dose, n = 7) cilengitide or placebo (n = 21), until day 59. Preventive and treatment effects were evaluated by assessing paw thickness and grip strength. <h3>Results</h3> In vitro increasing concentrations of cilengitide (IC50: 250 nM) dose-dependently reduced pre-OCs on all coatings, indicating early inhibition at the pre-OC proliferation stage. OCs were reduced above 200 nM, followed by complete disappearance above 2 µM. At 200 nM an intriguing morphological difference with reduction in OC size suggested that cilengitide may disrupt spreading and fusion capacity at the early pre-OC stage. In vivo CIA prevention with cilengitide effectively reduced incidence (92.8% versus 40%) and severity of arthritis as evidenced by reduction of clinical disease activity scores. Low and high dose cilengitide effectively inhibited progression of established arthritis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Osteoclastogenesis requires intact αvβ3 integrin function. Systemic αvβ3 integrin inhibition with cilengitide potently prevents and treats experimental CIA. Cilengitide may be a novel therapeutic target in RA.
Early detection of complications after gastrostomy: summary of a safety report from the National Patient Safety Agency
Authors: F. Healey, D. S. Sanders, T. Lamont, J. Scarpello, T. Agbabiaka
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Gastrostomies are used as a medium to long term feeding strategy for children and adults with additional dietary needs or an inability to swallow, and they may be inserted surgically, endoscopically, or under radiological guidance. About 15 000 gastrostomies are inserted annually in the United Kingdom.1 Complications include chemical peritonitis, infection, bowel perforation, haemorrhage, and aspiration pneumonia. But early recognition and prompt action reduces the risk of serious harm or death.2 Over six years (October 2003 to January 2010) the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) received 22 reports (including five incidents in children) from clinical staff of harm from delayed response to serious complications after gastrostomy insertion. Eleven patients died and 11 became critically ill. Reported complications included nine cases of leakage of feed into the peritoneal cavity and/or peritonitis, three colonic punctures, and two complications related to haemorrhage; under-reporting is likely.3

Incidents were reported from settings that included general medical, surgical, and elderly care wards after gastrostomy insertion in an endoscopy or radiology unit; patients whose gastrostomy had been inserted in a day case unit sometimes returned to the unit or presented …
Abnormal Oral Glucose Tolerance Response in Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Devendranathan Chanmugam, Abraham M. Frumin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

A HEREDITARY deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in erythrocytes results in impaired generation of the coenzyme TPNH. This system is concerned with intraerythrocytic glucose metabolism via the hexose monophosphate shunt. The following investigations were undertaken to determine the ability of G6PDdeficient persons to metabolize exogenous glucose with a standard oral-loading glucose tolerance test.Materials and MethodsThe assay of erythrocyte G6PD was made by the method of Zinkham.1 The standard glucose tolerance test consisted of the oral administration of 100 gm. of glucose and periodic determinations of true serum glucose in a Technicon autoanalyzer (normal fasting level, 65 to . . .
TCT-368 Long-Term Clinical Outcome in Elderly Patients (≥75 years) Versus Younger Patients (&lt;75 years) Undergoing PCI for Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Stephen O'Connor, Thierry Lefevre, Francesca Sanguineti, Yusuke Watanabe, Thomas Hovasse, Thierry Unterseeh, Marie-Claude Morice, Hakim Benamer, Philippe Garot, Yves Louvard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Benign Pulmonary Nodule and Small-Cell Cancer
Authors: BLAIR ARDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1982Benign Pulmonary Nodule and Small-Cell CancerBLAIR ARDMAN, M.D., RICHARD A. RUDDERS, M.D.BLAIR ARDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD A. RUDDERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-1-140_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) can infest humans. Infestation is most frequent in the lung, and the disease usually presents as an asymptomatic nodule seen on a routine chest film (1, 2). All previously reported cases have been in patients with no known previous or concomitant malignancies. We report a case of pulmonary dirofilariasis in a patient who had sucessfully completed therapy for small-cell (oat cell) lung cancer, in whom the major issue was the benign or malignant nature of the lesion.A 53-year-old white male photographer with a 70-pack/yr smoking history presented in April 1978 with...References1. DAYALNEAFIE YR. Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: a case report and review of the literature. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975;112:437-43. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROBINSONCHAVEZCONN NCJ. Pulmonary dirofilariasis in man: a case report and review of the literature. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1977;74:403-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. EINHORNBONDHORBBACKBENG-TAK LWNJ. Long-term results in combined-modality treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Sem Oncol. 1978;5:309-13. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. GRECOEINHORNRICHARDSONOLDHAM FLRR. Small cell lung cancer: progress and perspectives. Sem Oncol. 1978;5:323-35. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. SEYDELCREECHMIETLOWSKIPEREZ HRWC. Radiation therapy in small cell lung cancer. Sem Oncol. 1978;5:288-98. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New England Medical Center Hospital Boston, MA 02111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1982Volume 97, Issue 1Page: 140-141KeywordsLesionsLung and intrathoracic tumorsLungsSmall cell lung cancerThorax Issue Published: 1 July 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Applications of Serum Tumor Markers
Authors: Susan E. Bates
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

▪The pursuit of the ideal tumor marker has generated many tests for use in the diagnosis and management of cancer, several of which are now widely available. Tumor markers have five potential uses in patient care: They can be used for screening, for diagnosis, for establishing prognosis, for monitoring treatment, and for detecting relapse. The value of a marker in a given setting depends on two marker-related characteristics—sensitivity and specificity. The value of a marker in a particular malignancy also depends on the effectiveness of therapy for the malignancy. Tumor markers have been used to screen for occult cancer but have proved to be valuable only in selected cancers. As diagnostic tools, tumor markers have limitations: Nearly all markers can be elevated in benign disorders, and most markers are not elevated in the early stages of malignancy. Extreme marker elevation often indicates a poor prognosis and in some malignancies can indicate the need for more aggressive treatment. Tumor markers have their greatest value when used to monitor therapy in patients with widespread cancer. Nearly all markers show some correlation with the clinical course of disease, with marker elevation in any stage declining to normal after a curative intervention. Recurrent disease can be accompanied by increased marker levels, but markers can detect an occult recurrence in only a few diseases, thereby facilitating a second attempt at cure. Although it seems unlikely that an ideal tumor marker will be identified for every malignancy, several workable markers are already available. Increasing our knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of existing markers will enable us to use them judiciously in the treatment of cancer.
A New Technic for the Detection of Left-to-Right Cardiac Shunts by Use of an Esophageal Geiger-Müller Tube
Authors: GORDON H. IRA, EDWARD S. ORGAIN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A new technic is described for the detection of left-to-right shunts. A miniature Geiger-Müller tube is placed in the esophagus behind the left atrium and positioned by the electrocardiogram. In this position the G-M tube measures radioactivity from the left atrium. Curves are then recorded simultaneously from the precordium, lung, and left atrium. Methods of injection, monitoring, and recording are presented that provide greater diagnostic accuracy over those external detector technics currently in use. Of 23 patients studied, 11 presented left-to-right shunts. Eight of these 11 patients were submitted to surgery; all were studied preoperatively and seven were studied postoperatively. Seven of the 11 shunts were detected by both precordial and esophageal technics. Four of the 11 shunts were missed by conventional precordial technics but were correctly diagnosed preoperatively by the esophageal detector. In addition, one shunt, which remained open postoperatively, was demonstrated clearly by the esophageal technic but was not indicated by the precordial curves. In no instance was the precordial curve positive for left-to-right shunt when the esophageal curve was negative. Although the accuracy of any radioisotope detection technic with external counting may not approach that of direct cardiac catheterization, this method, because of its relative simplicity and accuracy, is useful in the demonstration of left-to-right shunts both preoperatively and postoperatively.
CCR2-Mediated Antiinflammatory Effects of Endothelial Tetrahydrobiopterin Inhibit Vascular Injury-Induced Accelerated Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ziad A. Ali, Christina A. Bursill, Gillian Douglas, Eileen McNeill, Marianna Papaspyridonos, Amy L. Tatham, Jennifer K. Bendall, Asim M. Akhtar, Nicholas J. Alp, David R. Greaves, Keith M. Channon
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Vascular injury results in loss of endothelial nitric oxide (NO), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the initiation of an inflammatory response. Both NO and ROS modulate inflammation through redox-sensitive pathways. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that regulates enzymatic synthesis of either nitric oxide or ROS. We hypothesized that endothelial BH4 is an important regulator of inflammation and vascular remodeling.Endothelium-targeted overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH), the rate limiting enzyme in BH4 synthesis, increased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), reduced endothelial superoxide, improved eNOS coupling, and reduced vein graft atherosclerosis in transgenic GCH/ApoE-KO mice compared to ApoE-KO controls. Immunohistochemistry using anti-MAC-3 and MAC-1 antibody staining revealed a marked reduction in vein graft macrophage content, as did RT-PCR expression of macrophage marker CD68 mRNA levels in GCH/ApoE-KO mice. When we investigated the potential mediators of this reduction, we discovered that mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1 (CCL2) but not RANTES (CCL5) were significantly reduced in GCH/ApoE-KO aortic tissue. Consistent with this finding we found a decrease in CCR2-mediated, but not CCR5-mediated, chemotaxis in vascular tissue and plasma samples from GCH/ApoE-KO animals.Increased endothelial BH4 reduces vein graft neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis through a reduction in vascular inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in the response to vascular injury and identify novel pathways linking endothelial BH4 to inflammation and vascular remodeling.
CASE OF LARGE STRANGULATED INGUINAL HERNIA FATAL AFTER OPERATION
Authors: J. Hinton
Journal: BMJ (1853)

O00ACWUMCA,1ONSs in this manna.The man seveally took six, sew, and oht do of the following form, before the itating oper- ation of the arsenic began to show itsef by vomiting and purging.What is very remarkable, is the immediate and complete recovery of these patients, without the arsenic having produced any trace of its poisonous agency, or any fubsequent ill consequences.Mr. Ireland prescribed as followrs & Liquor.arsenicalis 3 ij.Tinctura opii gtt.x.Aqua mentha pip.3iss.to which was added half an ounce of lime-juice: the medi- cine being taken in a state of slight effervescence.The embrocations and clysters mentioned by him, cannot be regarded as having had much to do with the cure, but were no doubt useful in some degree.*On one occasion only did
Rapid Progression of Acute Aortic Dissection Demonstrated by Short-Term Serial Computed Tomography
Authors: Nobuaki Kobayashi, Masamichi Takano, Ryuzo Bessho, Dai Nishina, Yosuke Ishii, Yasuhiro Kawase, Noritake Hata, Kyoichi Mizuno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)