tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Annuloplasty
Authors: John G. Webb, Jan Harnek, Brad I. Munt, Per Ola Kimblad, Mann Chandavimol, Christopher R. Thompson, John R. Mayo, Jan O. Solem
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Mitral annuloplasty is the most common surgical procedure performed for ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR). Surgical mitral annuloplasty is limited by morbidity, mortality, and MR recurrence. We evaluated the safety and feasibility of a transvenous catheter-delivered implantable device to provide a percutaneous alternative to surgical mitral annuloplasty.Five patients with chronic ischemic MR underwent percutaneous transvenous implantation of an annuloplasty device in the coronary sinus. Implantation was successful in 4 patients. Baseline MR in the entire group was grade 3.0+/-0.7 and was reduced to grade 1.6+/-1.1 at the last postimplantation visit when the device was intact or the last postprocedural visit in the patient in whom the device was not successfully implanted. Separation of the bridge section of the device occurred in 3 of 4 implanted devices and was detected at 28 to 81 days after implantation. There were no postprocedural device-related complications.Percutaneous implantation of a device intended to remodel the mitral annulus is feasible. Initial experience suggests a possible favorable effect on MR. Percutaneous transvenous mitral annuloplasty warrants further evaluation as a less invasive alternative to surgical annuloplasty.
Ventilatory response to exercise in heart failure patients treated with beta-blockers is a better predictor of survival than peak oxygen consumption
Authors: Tatiana O. Tsvetkova, Brian D. Lowes, Alastair D. Robertson, Simon F. Shakar, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Michael R. Bristow, Eugene E. Wolfel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Reduction of canine myocardial infarct size by a diffusible reactive oxygen metabolite scavenger. Efficacy of dimethylthiourea given at the onset of reperfusion.
Authors: F P Carrea, E J Lesnefsky, J E Repine, R H Shikes, L D Horwitz
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

A number of scavengers of reactive oxygen metabolites reduce myocardial injury when given before ischemia and reperfusion, but few, if any, have proven to be effective when given near the onset of reperfusion. This is particularly true when infarct size is measured after at least 48 hours of reperfusion, when the full extent of myocardial damage has become apparent. Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) is an extremely diffusible, potent scavenger of hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid, with a long half-life of 43 hours. Sixteen chloralose-anesthetized dogs underwent 90 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by 48 hours of reperfusion. Collateral flow was measured by radioactive microspheres. Infarct size and risk area were measured by a postmortem dual-perfusion technique using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Evan's blue dye. In eight dogs, therapy with DMTU (500 mg/kg i.v.) was given during the last 15 minutes of ischemia and the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. In eight control dogs, the same volume of 0.9% saline was given during the last 15 minutes of ischemia through the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. Infarct size as a percent of risk area was reduced in the DMTU-treated group compared with the saline-treated controls (DMTU = 42 +/- 4% versus saline = 59 +/- 4%, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Household Cooking with Solid Fuels Contributes to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub>Air Pollution and the Burden of Disease
Authors: Zoë A. Chafe, Michael Brauer, Zbigniew Klimont, Rita Van Dingenen, Sumi Mehta, Shilpa Rao, Keywan Riahi, Frank Dentener, Kirk R. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Approximately 2.8 billion people cook with solid fuels. Research has focused on the health impacts of indoor exposure to fine particulate pollution. Here, for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease project (GBD 2010), we evaluated the impact of household cooking with solid fuels on regional population-weighted ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) pollution (APM2.5).Objectives: We estimated the proportion and concentrations of APM2.5 attributable to household cooking with solid fuels (PM2.5-cook) for the years 1990, 2005, and 2010 in 170 countries, and associated ill health.Methods: We used an energy supply–driven emissions model (GAINS; Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) and source-receptor model (TM5-FASST) to estimate the proportion of APM2.5 produced by households and the proportion of household PM2.5 emissions from cooking with solid fuels. We estimated health effects using GBD 2010 data on ill health from APM2.5 exposure.Results: In 2010, household cooking with solid fuels accounted for 12% of APM2.5 globally, varying from 0% of APM2.5 in five higher-income regions to 37% (2.8 μg/m3 of 6.9 μg/m3 total) in southern sub-Saharan Africa. PM2.5-cook constituted > 10% of APM2.5 in seven regions housing 4.4 billion people. South Asia showed the highest regional concentration of APM2.5 from household cooking (8.6 μg/m3). On the basis of GBD 2010, we estimate that exposure to APM2.5 from cooking with solid fuels caused the loss of 370,000 lives and 9.9 million disability-adjusted life years globally in 2010.Conclusions: PM2.5 emissions from household cooking constitute an important portion of APM2.5 concentrations in many places, including India and China. Efforts to improve ambient air quality will be hindered if household cooking conditions are not addressed.Citation: Chafe ZA, Brauer M, Klimont Z, Van Dingenen R, Mehta S, Rao S, Riahi K, Dentener F, Smith KR. 2014. Household cooking with solid fuels contributes to ambient PM2.5 air pollution and the burden of disease. Environ Health Perspect 122:1314–1320; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206340
Judge Kohlsaat and the Probate Court.
Authors: Horace M. Starkey
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Chicago, Oct. 31, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some of the statements which have appeared in the medical press of late criticising the official acts of Judge Kohlsaat appear very strange to the thousands of citizens of Chicago who have known him, as has the writer, for twenty years or more. His reputation as lawyer and judge is so very different from that sought to be given him by the critics, that the thought at once arises that there must be a mistake somewhere. If it were a fact that Judge Kohlsaat habitually, or even occasionally, ruled differently in regard to physicians from his rulings with others, that fact alone would show his unfitness for the bench, and not only physicians but others should unite to secure his defeat. The writer, having waited in vain for some one to make reply to these criticisms, and thinking it due to the profession
Are Reminder Systems a Form of CME?
Authors: Robert B. Elson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Davis and colleagues are to be commended for their excellent review of randomized trials evaluating the impact of continuing medical education (CME) interventions on physician performance.<sup>1</sup>Their conclusion that traditional CME interventions are minimally effective at altering physician behavior unless accompanied by an enabling change in the practice environment is inescapable and is consistent with the conclusions of other recent overviews.<sup>2-4</sup>However, we take issue with the inclusion of enabling technologies such as reminder systems under the rubric of CME. Although reminder systems clearly enhance the effectiveness of educational interventions, they do not qualify as educational interventions any more than adjuvant chemotherapy ought to be considered a surgical intervention simply because it improves the survival of patients with certain types of cancer who undergo surgery. There are several important conceptual differences between educational interventions and informatics interventions (ie, reminder systems and other forms of
Physiological Responses to Burning Injury
Authors: Martin C. Robson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

As Davies aptly points out in his preface, the last 20 years have seen an almost logarithmic increase in the numbers of published reports concerning the physiological responses to the burn injury and its treatment. Davies' extensive review of the current state of knowledge of the pathophysiology of thermal trauma represents a helpful and important accomplishment. This is even more impressive because this is not a multiauthored survey but a review by a single author.  Extensive burns are probably the most severe form of trauma a human can sustain, and they affect virtually every physiological and biochemical system. Davies surveys these effects in a well-organized manner, beginning with those events and changes that occur immediately after burning and proceeding temporarily to those that occur up to three weeks after being burned. This review has extensive citations, and most of the material has been published in the last 30 years.  The
Serum Leptin Levels in Smokers With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mototaka Yoshinari, Masanori Wakisaka, Masatoshi Fujishima
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular mechanism of smoking cessation and its relationship to body weight gain, the effects of smoking on the serum levels of leptin were studied in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The serum levels of leptin after an overnight fast in 37 adult male Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (17 smokers and 20 nonsmokers) were assayed using radioimmunoassay In addition, the serum leptin levels in four nondiabetic smokers were measured before and 2 weeks after quitting smoking. RESULTS Smokers and nonsmokers did not differ in age, BM1, or levels of blood glucose and fasting insulin but did differ in HDL cholesterol levels (1.07 ± 0.18 vs. 1.32 ± 0.24 mmol/1 for smokers and nonsmokers, respectively, P = 0.002). The mean serum leptin level of smokers did not differ from that of nonsmokers (3.8 ± 1.9 vs. 3.8 ± 1.6 ng/ml). The leptin level correlated with the fasting insulin level and BMI (r = 0.55 and 0.56, P &amp;lt; 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). The leptin levels in four heavy smokers showed no change after the subjects quit smoking (3.3 ± 1.0 vs. 3.8 ± 1.8 ng/ml, before and after quitting, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Because smoking did not affect the leptin levels, the effects of quitting smoking on the fuel metabolism appear to be due to some other factors.
“Maggie, Maggie, Maggie . . . ”
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A trailer for the BBC drama The Long Walk to Finchley (BBC4, 13 June at 9 pm) flashed images of a young Margaret Thatcher. It reminded me of when I was a big stupid boy and I lumped the crates of free school milk from class to class. I could always keep the odd bottle back to woo the girls or appease the bullies—I had status. But in 1972 I was made redundant thanks to the then education minister Margaret Thatcher, who abolished free school milk. But this …
A secondary analysis of the CHOIR trial shows that comorbid conditions differentially affect outcomes during anemia treatment
Authors: Lynda A. Szczech, Huiman X. Barnhart, Shelly Sapp, G. Michael Felker, Adrian Hernandez, Donal Reddan, Robert M. Califf, Jula K. Inrig, Uptal D. Patel, Ajay K. Singh
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography: A Promising Method for Assessing the Prospects of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: K. Akahoshi, Y. Chijiiwa, S. Hamada, I. Sasaki, A. Maruoka, T. Kabemura, H. Nawata
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

A recent challenge that is increasingly being faced in endoscopy is the use of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) to treat differentiated intramucosal gastric cancers smaller than 2 cm. The usefulness of pretherapeutic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in assessing whether this form of treatment is possible remains controversial.We retrospectively investigated the value of pretherapeutic EUS evaluation in 58 patients with macroscopically early gastric cancer that was histologically differentiated and less than 2 cm in diameter. The patients were classified as negative for endoscopic mucosal resection if EUS showed modifications of the third layer, and as positive if such modifications were not seen. All patients underwent radical surgery and the preoperative EUS findings were compared with the histological findings.The prevalence of metastatic adenopathy was 3% (two of 58). In the lymph-node staging, endosonography had a sensitivity of 0% (neither of two cases), and a specificity of 93% (52 of 56). In assessing the indication for EMR, EUS had a sensitivity of 93% (27 of 29), and a specificity of 86% (25 of 29).These results suggest that EUS is a promising method of evaluating the indication for endoscopic mucosal resection in early gastric cancer. EUS may improve pretherapeutic prediction of tumor curability by EMR, and may reduce the need for standard gastrectomy.
A CASE OF TUBERCULOSIS INVOLVING THE NOSE WITH DESTRUCTION OF THE DEEPER TISSUES.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following is the report of the patient whom I presented for consideration to the Section on Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery of the American Medical Association at the session held in Atlantic City, June, 1907. The description of the case then given was informal and I now present a detailed history: <h3>Patient.</h3> —Mrs. J. C. M., aged 43, housewife; nativity, United States. <h3>Family History.</h3> —Mother died of paralysis at the age of 55 years, father of nephritis at the age of 50 years. The family history is negative as regards cancer, tuberculosis, gout and rheumatism. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —As a child she had measles, chickenpox, mumps and scarlet fever. Three years ago she had ulceration of the stomach. She denies venereal disease. <h3>Present Illness.</h3> —Two years ago she walked against the edge of a door and received a fracture of the nose, which did not unite until one year after the
Socioeconomic Status and Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Diabetic Patients
Authors: V M Connolly, C M Kesson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE Correction of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential component of good diabetes care. Our goal was to examine the relationship of socioeconomic status in five risk factors: obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, and high HbA1c. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional prevalence study of all patients with diabetes (n = 1,553) attending a clinic in Glasgow, U.K. Area-based codes were used to measure socioeconomic status; these ranged from 1, the most affluent, to 7, the most deprived. RESULTS Comparing patients with NIDDM from the seven categories of socioeconomic status, we found that those from deprived categories experienced a higher prevalence of obesity. In the most affluent groups, 30% had a BMI &amp;gt; 30 kg/m2 compared with 47% in the most deprived categories (P &amp;lt; 0.002). With regard to smoking, 13% in the most affluent category smoked compared with 33% in the most deprived (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In patients with IDDM from affluent categories, 13% smoked compared with 34% from deprived categories (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The proportion of patients with no cardiac risk factors fell by 30.6% from deprived category 1 to 7 (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and the proportion of patients with three or more risk factors rose from 8.6% in category 1 to 20.2% in category 7. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients from areas of low socioeconomic status are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To counter this, specific health education programs should be evolved and resources should be directed toward these areas.
Inefficacy of topical thyroid hormone analogue TriAc in plaque psoriasis: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: A. Vahlquist, H. Torma, B. Carlsson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Thyroid hormone receptors are expressed in human skin and are believed to be involved in the regulation of epidermal proliferation and differentiation, i.e. processes which are disturbed in psoriatic skin lesions. Ligands of the thyroid hormone receptors have so far not been tested as antipsoriatic agents. TriAc (3,3′,5‐triiodo‐thyroacetic acid) is a well‐known thyroid hormone analogue with much reduced cardiac thyrotoxic activity compared with the classical thyroid hormones. Objectives To determine the effectivness and side‐effects of topical TriAc in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Methods Twelve patients with mild to moderate psoriasis were treated with TriAc (0·1% in hydrophilic ointment) and placebo applied twice daily to either of two (or several) bilaterally symmetrical plaques for 8 weeks. The patients and investigator were blinded as to the content of the tubes. Every 2 weeks the treated plaques were evaluated by the patient (using a balanced visual analogue scale for a right–left comparison) and by the investigator (using a psoriasis severity index and a global assessment of each plaque). Results After 8 weeks of treatment, more than 33% improvement of the psoriasis index occurred in 10 of 12 TriAc‐treated and nine of 12 placebo‐treated plaques. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments in terms of reduction of the scores for erythema, scaling, induration or pruritus during the study. Half of the patients considered TriAc superior to placebo, whereas three of 12 were of the opposite opinion (P > 0·05). The global assessment showed marked improvement or remission in six TriAc‐treated and five placebo‐treated cases (P > 0·05 for difference). No adverse effects were noted. Conclusions TriAc in the dosage and formulation studied was safe but no more effective than placebo in treating plaque psoriasis. However, newer thyroid hormone analogues (agonists or antagonists) might be more active and should be further explored in this context.
US health care should focus on 20 areas to increase impact
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To give Americans world class health care, the US government and private healthcare organisations should focus on 20 specific medical problems that could have the broadest impact on patients, families, and communities, including treatment of people with tobacco addiction and more aggressive management of obesity.

The report focuses many of its recommendations on improving care for patients with chronic health conditions. Other areas include evidence based cancer screening; preventing complications from the frailty associated with old age, such as falls and bedsores; and treatment of hypertension, immunisation, and depression. A further eight areas …
But will it help my patients with myocardial infarction?
Authors: J. W Todd
Journal: BMJ (1982)

January 1982 we saw an 18-year-old woman who developed erythema nodosum two weeks after the onset of bacteriologically proved campylobacter enteritis.For the previous three to four years she had had discomfort in her left knee without swelling.Since the onset of erythema nodosum her left knee had been more painful, and on examination it was slightly swollen and tender.No other articular or extra-articular abnormalities were detected clinically.Investigation showed the following: haemoglobin concentration 13 g/dl, total white-cell count 4-7 x 109/1, platelet count 219 x 109/1, erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the first hour 20 mm, Campylobacter jejuni complement fixation test titre 1:10, antibodies to Salmonella typhi, paratyphi H and 0 antigens, and Yersinia not detected, Rose- Waaler test negative, antistreptolysin-O titre 240 IU, antinuclear factor titre negative, chest radiograph normal, HLA Al, 29; B8, 12. Her symptoms resolved over two weeks and the signs of erythema nodosum over six weeks.She has remained well since.On the basis of the cases reported to date Campylobacter jejuni would appear to be an established cause of erythema nodosum and may be associated with synovitis in these circumstances.
US government declares emergency after Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

After Hurricane Katrina hit east of New Orleans on Monday 29 August, the federal government declared a public health emergency for the US Gulf coast. But, as the city was eventually emptied a week later in the wake of the disaster, there was a second storm brewing—one of criticism of the Bush administration and the Federal Emergency Management Agency for their slow response to Katrina's aftermath.

Former US president Bill Clinton and Dr Bill Frist, Republican senator for Tennessee and a heart surgeon, called for an inquiry into what went wrong. Mr Clinton wanted a bipartisan commission to investigate “the government failing the people” with its slow response to the disaster.

Wide breaches in the levees surrounding New Orleans, which the government said it had not anticipated, resulted in 80% of the city being sub-merged. Despite an emergency drill (Hurricane Pam) that was carried out last year, there was no follow-up or planning for a worst case scenario.

Thousands of people suffered up to five days of squalor and deprivation of basic human needs like food and …
Failure of terfenadine in relieving the pruritus of atopic dermatitis
Authors: J. BERTH-JONES, R.A.C. GRAHAM-BROWN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Failure of terfenadine in relieving the pruritus of atopic dermatitis Get access J. BERTH‐JONES, J. BERTH‐JONES Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Dr Berth‐Jones. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A.C. GRAHAM‐BROWN R.A.C. GRAHAM‐BROWN Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 5, 1 November 1989, Pages 635–637, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb08196.x Published: 01 November 1989
Regulation of αβ/γδ T Cell Lineage Commitment and Peripheral T Cell Responses by Notch/RBP-J Signaling
Authors: Kenji Tanigaki, Masayuki Tsuji, Norio Yamamoto, Hua Han, Jun Tsukada, Hiromasa Inoue, Masato Kubo, Tasuku Honjo
Journal: Immunity (2004)