tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Fruits and Vegetables on Development of Stroke in Men
Authors: Matthew W. Gillman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To examine the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk of stroke among middle-aged men over 20 years of follow-up.Cohort.The Framingham Study, a population-based longitudinal study.All 832 men, aged 45 through 65 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (1966 through 1969). MEASUREMENTS AND DATA ANALYSIS: The diet of each subject was assessed at baseline by a single 24-hour recall. The estimated total number of servings per day of fruits and vegetables was the exposure variable for this analysis. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we examined age-adjusted cumulative incidence of stroke by quintile of servings per day. To adjust for multiple covariates, we used proportional hazards regression to calculate the relative risk (RR) of stroke for each increment of three servings per day.Incidence of completed strokes and transient ischemic attacks.At baseline, the mean (+/- SD) number of fruit and vegetable servings per day was 5.1 (+/- 2.8). During follow-up there were 97 incident strokes, including 73 completed strokes and 24 transient ischemic attacks. Age-adjusted risk of stroke decreased across increasing quintile of servings per day (log rank P for trend, .01). Age-adjusted RR for all stroke, including transient ischemic attack, was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.62 to 0.98) for each increase of three servings per day. For completed stroke the RR was 0.74 (95% Cl, 0.57 to 0.96); for completed stroke of ischemic origin the RR was 0.76 (95% Cl, 0.57 to 1.02); and for completed stroke of hemorrhagic origin, 0.49 (95% Cl, 0.25 to 0.95). Adjustment for body mass index, cigarette smoking, glucose intolerance, physical activity, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and intake of energy, ethanol, and fat did not materially change the results.Intake of fruits and vegetables may protect against development of stroke in men.
Terminology for Preparations of Botulinum Neurotoxins
Authors: Alberto Albanese
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HIV-1 specific CD8+ T cells with an effector phenotype and control of viral replication
Authors: Christoph Hess, Marcus Altfeld, Seddon Y Thomas, Marylyn M Addo, Eric S Rosenberg, Todd M Allen, Rika Draenert, Robert L Eldrige, Jan van Lunzen, Hans-J Stellbrink, Bruce D Walker, Andrew D Luster
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Lung Cancer Peer Review Survey
Authors: P A Beckett
Journal: Thorax (2008)

The National Cancer Peer Review Programme is undertaken by peer reviewers and user reviewers resulting in assessments on the quality of cancer services for NHS patients in England.1 2 Throughout 2004–2007 the peer review process has been taking place across England. Responding to some disquiet at the benefits of peer review in its current format, the BTS Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma Specialist Advisory Group decided to carry out a survey of lead lung cancer clinicians in all trusts in England who were undergoing peer review. The methodology of the survey is detailed in the online Appendix.

A total of 94 responses were received from approximately 150 lung cancer leads (all consultant physicians). Responses were obtained from consultants in all cancer networks in England (fig 1). The majority (93%) had been personally involved …
The Seventh World Conference on Tobacco and Health.
Authors: J Crofton
Journal: Thorax (1990)

The Seventh World Conference on Tobacco and HealthThe importance of tobacco as a global public health problem is increasing, thanks to the success of the multinational tobacco industry in pushing its lethal wares in the Third World.'It was therefore decided at the last world con- ference in Tokyo to hold future conferences every two years instead of every four.The seventh conference took place on 1-5 April 1990 in Perth, Western Australia.The conference was superbly organised by Michael Daube, whom many in Britain will remember as an outstanding director of Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) UK; he is now a senior civil servant in the Health Department of Western Australia, which has initiated much enlightened action on health promotion.About 1000 delegates attended from some 70 countries; bursaries had been provided for many activists from the Third World.
Distant Metastasis Free Survival (DMFS) in Breast Cancer Patients with Micrometastases (pN1mi) in the Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN): Results in 582 Positive-SLN Patients in a Single Institution.
Authors: S. Alran, A. Toupet, Y. De Rycke, J. Pierga, V. Fourchotte, M. Falcou, B. Sigal-Zafrani, R. Salmon
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background:The risk of developing distant metastases (DM) in pN1mi and isolated tumor cells (pN0i+) patients remains under question. Does occult axillary node metastases is an additional factor for using an adjuvant systemic therapy (AST) in early breast cancer ?Patients and Methods:Among 2695 patients operated on from 2000 to 2006 for SLN, 582 patients had a positive SNB: 307 were pN1, 154 pN1mi and 121 pN0i+ (6th AJCC-classification). All patients underwent an immediate or delayed Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND). We report the results for DMFS [median follow-up of 56 months (2-105)].We used Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression for multivariate analysis.Results:ALND were positive in pN1, pN1mi and pN0i+ patients respectively in 127 (41,3%), 20 (13%) and 14 (11.6%) of these patients. On univariate and multivariate analysis, positive ALND, mitotic index, pathologic tumor size were significantly related to the DMFS; on multivariate analysis, the type of axillary lymph node metastases was an additional significative factor. There was not relationship between pN0i+ and the development of DM. Surprisingly, patients with pN1mi had a 2.8 higher risk for developing DM than pN1 patients. pN1 patients receive more AST than pN1mi (75% and 22%), however AST was not prognostic (p=0.49).Conclusion:In our series, patients with pN1mi were associated with a worse prognosis related to DMFS compared to pN1. Use of AST and/or biological primary tumor characteristics could explain this paradoxical result. Longer follow-up and larger series are needed to determine the prognostic significance of axillary occult metastases. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 308.
Health Care Reform and the Medical Education Imperative
Authors: James S. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1992)

As the ability of the US health care system to meet all the demands placed on it is increasingly challenged, there is hardly a group or organization that does not have a proposal or an ideology to solve the problems of health care costs and access. Notably absent, however, is the notion that if we are to change and improve the present health care system, we must consider how physicians are educated. It is in the earliest days of medical school and residency that physicians' values and attitudes toward their profession are most influenced. A health care system as massive as ours cannot be changed without changing how physicians are educated at all levels. Indeed, a Flexner-like study for the 1990s would be useful, not because medical education is bad, but because it needs to be different. Today, nothing can be considered "business as usual." <h3>Challenges to Medical Education</h3> The
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF VIENNA
Authors: M. Arthur Kline
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Perhaps you may remember the former American Medical Association of Vienna, which existed here from 1904 to 1940. Over 11,800 American physicians attended postgraduate courses given in English here from 1921 until 1938, and no doubt most of these same physicians are now members of your organization. In 1950, the University of Vienna Medical Faculty voted to reorganize the traditional postgraduate courses. To obviate prevailing confusion and perhaps eventual antagonism, it was decided that the name A. M. A. of Vienna be changed, in deference to the American Medical Association, to A. M. S. Several of the former members of the A. M. A. of Vienna have written to us protesting that the academy's arbitrary procedure has deprived them of their paid-up "life membership" of the American Medical Association of Vienna. These letters have arrived in such numbers, especially from former officers, that we have decided to
Withdrawal of Antihypertensive Therapy-Reply
Authors: Franklin G. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Experience with three patients cared for by one group over a 12-month period suggested to us that rebound hypertension with hypertensive crisis in the setting of clonidine withdrawal was not a rare event and, indeed, compelled us to report our observations. The hypothesis that a surge of increased sympathetic activity associated with clonidine withdrawal in the presence of β-adrenergic blockade would result in unopposed, potentiated α-adrenergic vasoconstriction is well reasoned, and as we mentioned in our article, it has been suggested by other authors.<sup>1,2</sup> We agree that careful thought must be given to the discontinuation of antihypertensive therapy with clonidine, in combination or alone. This appears to us to be particularly important in persons with renovascular or high-renin essential hypertension.
C19MC ONCOMIRS CONVERGE ON MULTIPLE CELL CYCLE REGULATORS TO MODULATE NEURAL DIFFERENTIATION AND THE TUMOR EPIGENOME
Authors: A. Huang, P. Sin-Chan, N. Jabado
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Childhood CNS-PNETs comprise a heterogeneous spectrum of diseases with poorly defined biology. The embryonic stem cell enriched C19MC OncomiR cluster is frequently amplified in one sub-group of CNS-PNETs (group 1 CNS-PNETs) with distinctly aggressive clinic-pathologic features. However, the specific oncogenic role of C19MC in group 1 CNS-PNETs, and mechanisms by which C19MC effects cellular transformation remains unknown. In this study we used exome and RNA-sequencing of C19MC associated tumors, and functional studies of the C19MC OncomiRs in human neural stem cell to define oncogenic partners and downstream effectors of the C19MC locus. METHODS: Whole exome and RNA seq analyses were performed respectively on 25 and 10 group 1 CNS-PNETs with known amplification of the C19MC locus to identify C19MC cooperating loci. The Illumina 450K methylation arrays were used to analyse the epigenomic of 30 CNS-PNETs ad C19MC transformed human neural stem cells. A “maxi gene” comprised of 5 C19MC OncomiRs most highly expressed in primary group 1 CNS-PNETs was constructed and stably expressed in a panel of normal human neural stem cells, human tumor and murine fibroblast line, and used to identify C19MC target genes. C19MC target genes were identified by combining gene expression profiling with target prediction programs. Target genes were validated using reporter gene assays, immuno-histochemical and miRNA in-situ hybridization analyses. RESULTS: Exome sequencing revealed few recurrent genetic alterations other than the C19MC amplicon in group 1 CNS-PNETs. Unexpectedly, RNAseq analyses also uncovered recurrent fusion events of the C19MC locus to TTHY1–a neural developmental locus, thus indicating C19MC as a major oncogenic driver in these tumors. Studies in human neural stem cells identified p21, p27 and RBL2 as highly conserved direct gene targets of the C19MC oncoMiRs. Remarkably, experimental studies uncovered a C19MC-RBL2-DNMT3b regulatory axis that was associated with distinct methylation signatures in primary human CNS-PNETs and C19MC transformed human neural stem cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that C19MC which are normally expressed only in a restricted developmental window, become potent drivers of cellular transformation and tumour development when de-regulated, and act by modulating the cell cycle and global epigenomic landscape to effect C19MC tumourigenesis. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Tumor Biology.
Diagnosis of Crohn's disease. A continuing source of error.
Authors: N H Dyer, A M Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

While investigating a series of patients with Crohn's disease it became apparent that a considerable time had elapsed between the onset of symptoms and the establishment of the diagnosis. Since the disease may have protean manifestations, the dif ferential diagnosis may prove difficult (Crohn and Yarnis, 1958; Pimparkar, 1964). Thus it is germane to assess the inci dence of various presenting symptoms and signs, together with the initial diagnosis suggested in these patients, in an attempt to clarify the reason for the diagnostic errors.
T cell regulation of IgG subclass antibody production in response to T-independent antigens.
Authors: P K Mongini, K E Stein, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The effect of T lymphocytes on the IgM, IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a responses of B lymphocytes to the type-2 T-independent antigens, trinitrophenylated (TNP)-Ficoll, and TNP-Levan, was investigated. T cell-bearing nu/+ mice were found to produce substantially higher IgG2 serum anti-TNP antibody than their athymic counterparts, and nu/nu and nu/+ IgG2a titers exhibiting more disparity than nu/nu and nu/+ IgG2b titers. The Igm, IgG3, and IgG1 anti-TNP levels in nu/nu and nu/+ mice were indistinguishable. By cell transfer experiments, it was determined that this variance in nude and heterozygote IgG2 responses could not be explained by B cell differences between the two strains or by suppressive effects on IgG2 production within nu/nu mice. Rather, the difference was shown to be the result of the absence of T cells at the time B cells were responding to antigen. In the absence of T cells, the strength of the nu/nu anti-TNP antibody response was found to be in the following order: IgM > IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG2b > IgG2a, a heirarchy identical with the recently proposed heavy chain gene order. The possibilities that T cells influence IgG2 production via their specific recognition of IgG2-bearing B cells or via signals to increase heavy chain switching of responding B cell clones are discussed.
The effects of Runx2 immobilization on poly (ɛ-caprolactone) on osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro
Authors: Ying Zhang, Xiaopei Deng, Erica L. Scheller, Tae-Geon Kwon, Joerg Lahann, Renny T. Franceschi, Paul H. Krebsbach
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Mortality among Workers Exposed to Ethylene Oxide
Authors: Kyle Steenland, Leslie Stayner, Alice Greife, William Halperin, Richard Hayes, Richard Hornung, Sue Nowlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Ethylene oxide is a sterilant gas that causes leukemia and other cancers in animals. Studies in Sweden have shown an excess of leukemia and stomach cancer in humans exposed to ethylene oxide, but other studies have generally failed to confirm these findings.We conducted a study of mortality in 18,254 U.S. workers exposed to ethylene oxide at 14 plants producing sterilized medical supplies and spices. The subjects averaged 4.9 years of exposure to the gas and 16 years of follow-up. The exposure levels in recent years averaged 4.3 ppm (eight-hour time-weighted adjusted exposure) for sterilizer operators and 2.0 ppm for other workers. The levels in earlier years are likely to have been several times higher. Mortality in this cohort was compared with that in the general U.S. population.Overall there was no significant increase in mortality from any cause in the study cohort. The standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were 0.97 for leukemia (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.67; 13 deaths observed), 1.06 for all hematopoietic cancers (95 percent confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.47; 36 deaths), and 0.94 for stomach cancer (95 percent confidence interval, 0.45 to 1.70; 11 deaths). Analyses according to job category and according to the duration of exposure showed no excess in cancers, as compared with the rate in the general population, but there was a significant trend toward increased mortality with increasing lengths of time since the first exposure for all hematopoietic cancers. The rate of death from hematopoietic cancer (especially non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) was significantly increased among men (SMR, 1.55; 27 deaths). Mortality from leukemia in recent years (1985 through 1987) was significantly increased among men (SMR, 3.45; 5 deaths).For the entire cohort, there was no increase in mortality from hematopoietic cancer. There was a slight but significant increase among men, however. Among men and women combined, there was a trend toward an increased risk of death from hematopoietic cancer with increasing lengths of time since the first exposure to ethylene oxide.
We need a drug formulary for obese people
Authors: S. Head
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Scientific fraud by image duplications and manipulations within western blot images is a rising problem. Currently, problematic western blot images are mainly detected by checking repeated bands or through visual observation. However, the completeness of the above methods in detecting problematic images has not been demonstrated. Here we show that Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) can generate realistic western blot images that indistinguishable from real western blots. The overall accuracy of researchers for identifying synthetic western blot images is 0.52, which almost equal to blind guess (0.5). We found that GANs can generate western blot images with bands of the expected lengths, widths, and angles in desired positions that can fool researchers. For the case study, we find that the accuracy of detecting the synthetic western blot images is related to years of researchers performed studies relevant to western blots, but there was no apparent difference in accuracy among researchers with different academic degrees. Our results demonstrate that GANs can generate fake western blot images to fool existing problematic image detection methods. Therefore, more information is needed to ensure that the western blots appearing in scientific articles are real. We argue to require every western blot image to be uploaded along with a unique identifier generated by the laboratory machine and to peer review these images along with the corresponding submitted articles, which may reduce the incidence of scientific fraud.
Expression of MAC‐1 (CD11b) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis
Authors: Michaela Graf, Susanne Reif, Tanja Kröll, Karin Hecht, Volkmar Nuessler, Helga Schmetzer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract There is evidence to suggest, that cellular adhesion molecules and receptors could play a role in leukemia, e.g., through altered adhesive qualities of leukemic blasts. We have studied the expression of the β 2 ‐integrin Mac‐1 (CD11b) on mononuclear cells in 48 patients with AML at first diagnosis by flow cytometry using a direct fluorescein‐conjugated antibody. A case was defined as positive if more than 20% of the cells expressed Mac‐1. Within the FAB types, we observed a high expression rate in cases with M5 (100% MAC‐1 + cases, 73% MAC‐1 + cells), M4 (75% MAC‐1 + cases, 48% MAC‐1 + cells) and in cases with FAB‐M1 with 71% MAC‐1 + cases and 29% MAC‐1 + cells. Separating our patients' cohort in cytogenetic risk groups, we could detect significant higher proportions of MAC‐1 + , cases (88% vs. 27%, P = 0.005) and cells (51% vs. 16%, P = 0.015) with poor cytogenetic risk compared to the favorable risk group. For clinical evaluations only patients treated according to the protocols of the German AML Cooperative Group (AML‐CG) were included ( n = 29, cases with AML‐M3 were excluded). More MAC‐1 + cases and cells were found in the “non‐responders” group ( n = 8) compared to the “responders” group ( n = 24). We can conclude that AML cases with high MAC‐1 expression are characterized by a worse prognosis. Evaluation of MAC‐1 expression in AML might therefore contribute clinically important data with respect to develop new therapies that influence the interactions between integrins like MAC‐1 on leukemic cells and endothelial or immunoreactive cells. Am. J. Hematol. 81:227–235, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CLOSURE OF THE ABDOMINAL INCISION.
Authors: CHARLES G. CHILD
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In closing the incision through the abdominal wall after operation three structures need accurate apposition in order to restore, as nearly as possible, the normal anatomic relations. These are the peritoneum, fascia and skin. The muscles, provided they have been subjected to no further traumatism than the necessary displacement or separation of their fibers, require no retaining sutures. In holding the tissues together until union has taken place, it is desirable to use as few sutures as possible, for every one introduced into the wound is a foreign body, increasing the chance of infection. The sutures should be so introduced as to accomplish their purpose without strangulation of the tissues which they unite, for where the sutures are tied in the wound the nutrition of the tissues they include is interfered with, and atrophy, if not actual necrosis, results. This is particularly true of the fascia, more poorly nourished, as
Early Refeeding after Endoscopic Biliary or Pancreatic Sphincterotomy: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: M. Barthet, A. Desjeux, M. Gasmi, P. Bellon, M. T. Hoi, J. Salducci, J. C. Grimaud
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Patients who have undergone endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) are usually left to fast for arbitrary reasons until they are examined on the following day. The aim of this study was to check whether this systematic fasting after ES is actually justified. Patients and Methods: A blinded randomized prospective study, involving 146 patients, was carried out from January 1999 to September 2001. All patients undergoing biliary and/or pancreatic endoscopic sphincterotomy during this period were randomly allocated to one of two groups: group 1 patients were re-fed 4 hours after ES, and the group 2 patients were only re-fed 24 hours after the procedure. These two groups were comparable for clinical and procedural data except for stenting. Results: Eight patients in group 1 (11 %) and 26 patients in group 2 (37 %) suffered from abdominal pain which resolved with analgesic drug treatment (P = 0.01). Eight patients in the first group(11 %) and five patients in the second group (7 %) had to be given major opiate analgesics (P = 0.56). Refeeding resulted in abdominal pain in five patients in group 1 and 13 in group 2 (P = 0.04). The serum amylase and lipase levels increased significantly after refeeding in group 1, but lipasemia did not increase significantly in group 2. No significant differences in post-ES complications were observed between the two groups. The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in group 1 : 2.6 days on average, vs. 3.8 days in group 2 (P = 0.03). Conclusions: In the absence of any perforation of the digestive tract or immediate severe acute pancreatitis, early refeeding could be helpful to decrease pain and shorten the hospital stay in patients who have undergone endoscopic sphincterotomy.