tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Values and Curriculum Design
Authors: Edwin F. Rosinski
Journal: JAMA (1969)

I would like to do three things—make some observations as to what has been said; reflect on what is our present status; and, as the charge has been given us, see if it is possible to chart a course for the future. To those not directly involved in medical education or the practice of medicine, it might seem unusual, if not somewhat disarming, that the profession is devoting time and attention to the subject, "human values." Unusual and disarming, for traditionally human values have been considered synonymous with medicine. To the layman it is inconceivable that anyone could practice medicine without a deep commitment to human values, for from his initiation to the profession to the time of his death, the physician is instilled with a profound respect for human values. The initiation takes place in medical schools which pride themselves on their educational objectives. These usually begin with a
THE LIVER AS THE SITE OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN FORMATION
Authors: J. Hurlimann, G. J. Thorbecke, G. M. Hochwald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

The site of formation of C-reactive protein (CxRP, CRP) has been studied with tissues from rabbits, monkeys, and human beings. Rabbits and monkeys were stimulated to produce the acute phase protein by injection of turpentine, croton oil, endotoxin, paratyphoid-typhoid vaccine, or pneumococci. C(14)-amino acid incorporation in vitro was demonstrated by means of autoradiography of immunoelectrophoretic patterns made with culture fluids. It was found that among many different tissues tested liver was the only tissue which incorporated C(14)-lysine and isoleucine into CxRP or CRP. Only livers taken 16 to 24 hr after various stimuli were active; livers from normal animals or from animals killed 3 to 9 hr after stimulation did not produce detectable amounts of CxRP. Inflamed muscle from the injection site did not show C(14)-amino acid incorporation into CxRP. Several human tissues were also cultured, and a few liver cultures found to contain labeled CRP. The formation of CxRP or CRP by the liver was always accompanied by enhanced C(14)-amino acid incorporation into other serum proteins, but the reverse was not always found.
Epidemic Acute Leukemia
Authors: James F. Holland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Epidemics of neoplastic disease in man have often been the clue to the recognition of environmental oncogenic factors (lung cancer among uranium ore miners, bladder cancer among aniline-dye workers, myelocytic leukemias among atomic-bombing survivors and lung cancer among cigarette smokers, to name but a few examples). Acute leukemia is known to evolve in some patients with bone-marrow damage induced by radiation, and has been reported after spontaneous and drug-induced hypoplasia. Acute leukemic syndromes appear with regularity in polycythemia vera, and are the common method of termination of chronic myelocytic leukemia.A new syndrome of acute leukemia has recently been recognized . . .
Selectivity of Oncolytic Viral Replication Prevents Antiviral Immune Response and Toxicity, but Does Not Improve Antitumoral Immunity
Authors: Engin Gürlevik, Norman Woller, Nina Strüver, Peter Schache, Arnold Kloos, Michael P Manns, Lars Zender, Florian Kühnel, Stefan Kubicka
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Oncolytic infection elicits antitumoral immunity, but the impact of tumor-selective replication on the balance between antiviral and antitumoral immune responses has not yet been investigated. To address this question, we constructed the highly tumor-selective adenovirus Ad-p53T whose replication in target tumor cells is governed by aberrant telomerase activity and transcriptional p53 dysfunction. Telomerase-dependent or nonselective adenoviruses were constructed as isogenic controls. Following infection of mice with the nonselective adenovirus, viral DNA and mRNA levels correlated with strong stimulation of innate immune response genes and severe liver toxicity, whereas telomerase-/p53-specific replication did not trigger innate immunity and prevented liver damage. Compared to telomerase-dependent or unselective viral replication, telomerase-/p53-specific virotherapy significantly decreased antiviral CD8-specific immune responses and antiviral cytotoxicity in vivo. Consistent with our hypothesis, telomerase-selective replication led to intermediate results in these experiments. Remarkably, all viruses efficiently lysed tumors and induced a therapeutically effective tumor-directed CD8 cytotoxicity. In immunocompetent mice with extended lung metastases burden, treatment of subcutaneous primary tumors with Ad-p53T significantly prolonged survival by inhibition of lung metastases, whereas unselective viral replication resulted in death by liver failure. In summary, the degree of tumor selectivity of viral replication marginally influences antitumoral immune responses, but is a major determinant of antivector immunity and systemic toxicity.
THE PROBLEM OF THE CRIMINAL IN THE LIGHT OF SOME MODERN CONCEPTIONS
Authors: HAROLD W. WRIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Since Lombroso enunciated his views as to the physiognomy of criminals which caused him to place them in a class by themselves, he has gained many adherents with views modified and extended. There has developed, naturally enough, an opposing army of thinkers who may be divided into those who place the blame for criminal offenses entirely on the social environment of the offender, including his training or lack of it from birth to maturity, and those who regard him as wilfully vicious even though morally defective, and therefore responsible for his actions. It would seem that in the course of the controversy the latter view has steadily been losing ground, while the former has not as yet made good and has lost many from its camp because of disappointing results following halfhearted or impulsive attempts at prison reform without a clear understanding of the material dealt with. More and more
Structure and physiology of photoreceptor cGMP-gated cation channels
Authors: Lawrence W. Haynes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The primary sequence of two subunits of the rod and one subunit of the cone cGMP-gated channel have been described, but describing how structure determines function is only just beginning. The discovery that the affinity of the rod channel for its agonist can be modulated indicates that the relationship between intracellular cGMP and the channel's open probability (current) during the course of the photoresponse may be more complex than previously thought.
Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein as a Regulator of pRb and the Cell Cycle in Arterial Smooth Muscle
Authors: Nathalie Fiaschi-Taesch, Karen K. Takane, Sophia Masters, Juan Carlos Lopez-Talavera, Andrew F. Stewart
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a normal product of arterial vascular smooth muscle (VSM), contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and at least 2 translational initiation sites, one that generates a conventional signal peptide and one that disrupts the signal peptide. These unusual features allow PTHrP either to be secreted in a paracrine/autocrine fashion, and thereby to inhibit arterial smooth muscle proliferation, or to be retained within the cytosol and to translocate into the nucleus, thereby serving as an intracrine stimulator of smooth muscle proliferation.Here, we demonstrate 2 important findings. First, PTHrP dramatically increases the percentage of VSM cells in the S and in G2/M phases of the cell cycle. These effects require critical serine and threonine residues at positions Ser119, Ser130, Thr132, and Ser138 in the carboxy-terminus of PTHrP and are associated with the phosphorylation of the key cell cycle checkpoint regulator retinoblastoma protein, pRb. Second, because PTHrP devoid of the NLS serves as an inhibitor of VSM proliferation, we hypothesized that local delivery of NLS-deleted PTHrP to the arterial wall at the time of angioplasty might prevent neointimal hyperplasia. As hypothesized, using a rat carotid angioplasty model, adenoviral delivery of NLS-deleted PTHrP completely abolished the development of the neointima after angioplasty.PTHrP interacts with key cell cycle regulatory pathways within the arterial wall. Moreover, NLS-deleted PTHrP delivered to the arterial wall at the time of angioplasty seems to have promise as an agent that could reduce or eliminate the neointimal response to angioplasty.
Fasting-Induced Hypothermia and Reduced Energy Production in Mice Lacking Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2
Authors: Iori Sakakibara, Takahiro Fujino, Makoto Ishii, Toshiya Tanaka, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Shinji Miura, Wei Zhang, Yuka Tokutake, Joji Yamamoto, Mutsumi Awano, Satoshi Iwasaki, Toshiyuki Motoike, Masashi Okamura, Takeshi Inagaki, Kiyoshi Kita, Osamu Ezaki, Makoto Naito, Tomoyuki Kuwaki, Shigeru Chohnan, Tokuo T. Yamamoto, Robert E. Hammer, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Masashi Yanagisawa, Juro Sakai
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Systemic Effects of Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate and Budesonide in Adult Patients with Asthma
Authors: ERIC DEROM, JAN VAN SCHOOR, WIM VERHAEGHE, WALTER VINCKEN, ROMAIN PAUWELS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We assessed the systemic effects of budesonide (BUD) and fluticasone propionate (FP) in 23 patients with asthma, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-dummy, and cross-over design. The following five treatments were given in a randomized order for 1 wk with a washout period in between of 2 wk: (1) placebo; (2) FP, 200 μ g twice a day, inhaled from a Diskhaler; (3) FP, 1,000 μ g twice a day, inhaled from a Diskhaler; (4) BUD, 200 μ g twice a day, inhaled from a Turbuhaler; and (5) BUD, 800 μ g twice a day, inhaled from a Turbuhaler. The primary variable was the area under the curve of serum cortisol versus time (AUC0–20), derived from serum samples taken every 2 h over a 20-h period following the last evening dose at 10:00 p.m. The lower doses of BUD and FLU did not cause any adrenal suppression. Compared with placebo, however, FP (1,000 μ g, twice daily and BUD (800 μ g, twice daily) decreased the AUC0–20 by 34 and 16%, respectively. Fluticasone (1,000 μ g, twice daily) was more suppressive than BUD (800 μ g, twice daily) (p = 0.0006). The FEV1, measured the morning after the last inhalation, was significantly higher after the active treatments, compared with placebo (p < 0.02), but did not differ between all active treatments. We conclude that high doses of BUD and FP (in particular the latter), inhaled via their respective dry powder inhalers for 1 wk, result in a measurable systemic activity in patients with asthma.
TENT COTTAGES FOR CONSUMPTIVES.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

A recent visit to New Mexico afforded us an opportunity to inspect the tent cottages for consumptives designed by Dr. W. T. Brown, the superintendent of the Valmora Ranch at Watrous, N. M. These cottages present such a distinct advance in design and construction for their purpose that a detailed description seems worth the while. It may be well to preface the description by a brief statement of the conditions which such structures should fulfill. While the great desideratum is provision for a practically out-of-door existence for these patients, both by day and by night, there is no reason why this should be secured by large sacrifice of the chief comforts and conveniences to which they have been accustomed. The canvas tent, if properly made and set up, makes a very comfortable home in pleasant weather, but it is practically impossible to construct a tent in such a way as
A Response from the FDA
Authors: L Yin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

SACHS et al., in discussing the Food and Drug Administration's approval of marketing of the Genesis Home Uterine Activity Monitor (HUAM), raise issues that require clarification.The authors contend that because the Genesis HUAM has not been shown to prevent premature births, it has no clinical value. We disagree. The FDA approved the device on the basis of its demonstrated ability to detect uterine contractions indicative of the onset of preterm labor, as evidenced by the degree of cervical dilation at the time of diagnosis. (It should be noted that in the supporting clinical study, none of the study subjects . . .
To Make the Patient Ready for Anesthesia: Medical Care of the Surgical Patient
Authors: E. S. Siker
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Editor Vandam has skillfully blended the contributions of 16 authors, primarily internists from the Harvard Medical School. This book is a treasure trove of information on the avoidance of medical pitfalls in the perioperative period. Divided into nine chapters, each of which is concerned with a major organ system, it has something for everyone. In this context, it mostly succeeds. The practical implications of coronary insufficiency, ominous arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure are well presented, as are therapeutic options. In addition, those factors that are important in the management of any cardiac patient are specifically related to the perioperative period. Current methods for the assessment and treatment of patients with respiratory disease are enhanced by a commonsense approach for identifying the inadequately prepared patient. The chapter on liver disease offers abundant information condensed into a few clearly written pages that every anesthesiologist, surgeon, and internist responsible for preoperative assessment would
Remembering Jean Plouet, Pioneer of Angiogenesis Research in France and Co-Discoverer of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Andreas Bikfalvi, Napoleone Ferrara
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

The field of vascular biology has lost a highly respected and distinguished figure. Jean Plouet died at the age of 56 on May 30, 2008 in Paris of an incurable illness.

From the beginning of his career, Jean was interested in growth factor biology. After obtaining his Medical Degree from the
Acute Pancreatitis Secondary to Hypercalcemia
Authors: Uzi Gafter
Journal: JAMA (1976)

HYPERCALCEMIA due to primary hyperparathyroidism is often associated with acute pancreatitis. On the other hand, hypercalcemia accompanying other conditions is rarely the cause of pancreatitis.<sup>1-5</sup>We report a case of carcinoma of the breast with bone metastases and hypercalcemia associated with acute pancreatitis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the Department of Medicine because of diffuse abdominal pains, constipation, nausea, and vomiting of one week's duration. Two months prior to admission, she felt a mass in her right breast. Examination by mammography gave indications suspicious of neoplasm and she was referred for further investigation. The patient had had a hysterectomy 28 years before because of uterine myomatosis, and a cholecystectomy one year later because of cholelithiasis. For the eight years preceding admission to our department she had been treated with methyldopa, 500 mg/day, because of hypertension. On examination, the patient was found to be in
A FORM OF CORNEAL TURBIDITY EASILY OVERLOOKED.
Authors: H. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The form of corneal cloudiness to which I wish to call your attention escapes detection when the eye is examined by either direct or ophthalmoscopic inspection. Apparently the cornea has its normal lustre and transparency. The turbidity is only detected on using a highly magnifying lens with lateral illumination. It is of course known that the normal cornea is a turbid medium. This can be shown strikingly when we use an electric light for focal illumination, and throw a sharp image of the incandescent filament upon the corneal surface. It seems to be less well known that the turbidity revealed by the focal illumination can be resolved by a strong lens into a granular appearance. There are differences in this respect between apparently normal eyes. The more turbid the cornea, the better defined the grain. I may add that by this method of examination other anomalies of corneal transparency may
Kaposi Sarcoma of the Conjunctiva
Authors: Charles W. Flowers
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Whitcup<sup>1</sup>provided an excellent discussion of the ocular manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), including cytomegalovirus retinitis and the ocular toxicity associated with several AIDS-related medications. However, the Table listing all of the ocular manifestations of AIDS does not include conjunctival manifestations, which do deserve mention. The predominant conjunctival manifestations of HIV disease are Kaposi sarcoma,<sup>2</sup>microvasculopathy,<sup>3</sup>nonspecific, mild transient conjunctivitis,<sup>2</sup>and microsporidial conjunctivitis-keratoconjunctivitis.<sup>4</sup>Conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma and microvasculopathy are by far the most common conjunctival manifestations of AIDS. Kaposi sarcoma represents the more clinically significant entity and usually manifests as a painless, discrete, round subconjunctival mass in the inferior fornix (Figure). Because of its benign presentation and appearance, this conjunctival lesion is easily mistaken for a subconjunctival hemorrhage, foreign body granuloma, or a cavernous hemangioma. In light of the recent report by Kurumety and Lustbader<sup>5</sup>
Medicine: Preserving the Passion
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The doyen of continuing medical education, Dr Manning, has joined the doyenne of medical communications, Dr DeBakey, to write for practicing physicians a book on how to keep their professional lives fulfilled. The authors contend, and rightly so, in my opinion, that the happiest physicians are those who are good at what they do, those who keep up with what is happening in medicine, those who develop a system, an orderliness, in their practices that prevents error from creeping into their daily activities. And especially it is those physicians in whom there has been inculcated, in the elegant phrase of Alfred North Whitehead, "the habitual vision of greatness."1 At the outset I must confess bias. Both authors are friends of long-standing with whom I have worked in times past, so I would not have reviewed the book if I had not liked it. Why did I like it? First of
Age and Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Authors: KURT ELWARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1984Age and Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone SecretionKURT ELWARD, M.D., FREDERICK BARKEN, M.D., JEFFREY A. LOVOLD, M.D.KURT ELWARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FREDERICK BARKEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JEFFREY A. LOVOLD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-766_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Goldstein and colleagues (1) implicates advanced age as a predisposing factor for the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).Recently we treated an 86-year-old white man who had had hyponatremia diagnosed in 1980. He has had mild congestive heart failure treated with digoxin and metolazone. His serum sodium level 7 days after discontinuation of metolazone and restriction of fluids was 125 meq/L. Neurologic findings were normal, except for mildly diminished short-term memory. Chest roentgenograms, thyroid function tests, and morning cortisol levels were all normal. Serum osmolality was 261 mmol/L. Spot urine osmolality was...References1. GOLDSTEIN C, BRAUNSTEIN S, and GOLDFARB S. Idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion possibly related to advanced age. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:185-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CROWE M. Hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in the elderly. Ir Med J. 1980;73:482-3. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. DITZEL J. Hyponatremia in an elderly woman and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Acta Med Scand. 1966;179:407-16. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KURT ELWARD, M.D.; FREDERICK BARKEN, M.D.; JEFFREY A. LOVOLD, M.D.Affiliations: University of Virginia Medical Center Charlottesville, VA 22908 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1984Volume 100, Issue 5Page: 766-766KeywordsAntidiuretic hormoneCortisolHeart failureHyponatremiaShort term memorySodiumSyndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretionThoraxThyroidUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Increased Sheep Lung Vascular Permeability Caused by Pseudomonas Bacteremia
Authors: Kenneth L. Brigham, William C. Woolverton, Lynn H. Blake, Norman C. Staub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In awake sheep, we compared the responses of lung lymph flow and lymph and plasma protein concentrations to steady state elevations of pulmonary vascular pressures made by inflating a left atrial balloon with those after an intravenous infusion of 10(5)-10(10)Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lymph flow increased when pressure was increased, but lymph-plasma protein concentration ratios always fell and lymph protein flow (lymph flow x lymph protein concentration) increased only slightly. After Pseudomonas, sheep had transient chills, fever, leukopenia, hypoxemia, increased pulmonary artery pressure and lymph flow and decreased left atrial pressure and lymph protein concentration, 3-5 h after Pseudomonas, when vascular pressures and lymph protein concentrations had returned to near base line, lymph flow increased further to 3-10 times base line and remained at a steady level for many hours. During this steady state period, lymph-plasma protein concentration ratios were similar to base line and lymph protein flow was higher than in the increased pressure studies. Two sheep died of pulmonary edema 7 and 9 h after Pseudomonas, but in 16 studies, five other sheep appeared well during the period of highest lymph flow and all variables returned to base line in 24-72 h. Six serial indicator dilution lung water studies in five sheep changed insignificantly from base line after Pseudomonas. Postmortem lung water was high in the two sheep dead of pulmonary edema and one other, but six sheep killed 1-6 h after Pseudomonas had normal lung water. Because of the clear difference between the effects of increased pressure and Pseudomonas on lymphplasma protein concentration ratios and lymph protein flow, we conclude that Pseudomonas causes a prolonged increase in lung vessel permeability to protein. Because we saw lung lymph flow as high as 10 times base line without pulmonary edema, we conclude that lung lymphatics are a sensitive high-capacity mechanism for removing excess filtered fluid. An equivalent pore model of sheep lung vessels suggests that the changes we saw after Pseudomonas could result from small changes in the structure of exchanging vessel walls.