tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase in nasal secretion as markers of inflammation in allergic rhinitis
Authors: A. Linder, P. Venge, H. Deuschl
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The inflammatory component of allergic rhinitis was studied by measuring the concentration and content of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP, specific for eosinophils) and myeloperoxidase (MPO, specific for neutrophils) in samples of nasal secretion from 20 pollen‐allergic subjects. All secretion samples contained measurable concentrations of both proteins. The mean ECP concentrations on two occasions without pollen exposure were 950 and 1170 μg/1. The ECP concentration during the pollen season without any therapy (mean 1160 μg/l) did not differ significantly from the baseline values, but intranasal corticosteroid therapy resulted in a significant decrease (mean 530 μg/l). The concentration of MPO was about 10 times higher than that of ECP, but the changes in MPO were nonsignificant throughout the observation period. An inverse correlation was found between the threshold dose in histamine challenges and the ECP level expressed either as concentration or as content. Furthermore, the ECP concentration and content 1 day after a positive allergen challenge were both significantly correlated with the strength of the challenge reaction. Measurements of ECP in nasal secretions are useful for studying the presence and activity of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa, and may prove of value in clinical investigations on patients with allergic rhinitis.
FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH NON-SPECIFIC LOCAL CUTANEOUS IMMUNITY TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: John A. Toomey, S. O. Freedlander
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Many substances besides the specific broth filtrates of Besredka can be utilized as topical applications to protect guinea pigs from the effects of massive doses of staphylococcus given subcutaneously. (Plain broth, peptone 10 per cent, peptone 1 per cent, Liebig's meat extract, mustard plaster and normal horse serum.) 2. Where such protection occurs, no matter what the stimulus is, the local skin reaction microscopically is the same as that previously described for broth compresses. 3. Many topical applications of such substances as saline, water, plain compresses, etc., may confer slight protection on an animal. 4. Specific filtrates (Besredka) confer no protection on the experimental animal if applied at the time of inoculation or thereafter. 5. The local protection described in our experiments is non-specific in its nature.
Indomethacin Inhibits Duodenal Mucosal Bicarbonate Secretion and Endogenous Prostaglandin E2 Output in Human Subjects
Authors: JOHN A. SELLING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a frequent cause of gastric and duodenal mucosal injury. We examined the effect of indomethacin on duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and prostaglandin output in healthy subjects. Subjects received either 50 mg of indomethacin or placebo orally 13 hours and 1 hour before study. A 4-cm segment of proximal (the duodenal bulb) or distal (10 to 14 cm beyond the pylorus) duodenum was isolated and perfused with 154 mM NaCI containing a nonabsorbable marker. In the proximal duodenum indomethacin reduced both basal and acid-stimulated bicarbonate secretion by approximately 65% (p < 0.01); in the distal duodenum indomethacin decreased basal and acid-stimulated bicarbonate output by approximately 45% (p < 0.01). Oral indomethacin inhibited basal and acid-stimulated duodenal prostaglandin E2 output in both the proximal and distal duodenum. We conclude that, by decreasing duodenal mucosal bicarbonate production and prostaglandin output in humans, oral indomethacin, in two doses of 50 mg each, impairs an important duodenal defense mechanism.
Abstract 1972: Active targeting, fluorescence imaging, and NIR photothermal therapy of malignant tumors
Authors: Hadiyah-Nicole Green, William E. Grizzle, Eben L. Rosenthal, Sergey B. Mirov, Lacey R. McNally
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We combine active targeting, fluorescent imaging, and subsequent photothermal treatment of malignant cells as a viable approach for the treatment of a variety of cancer types that over-express the epidermal growth factor including head and neck, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, breast, bladder, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. In our photothermal therapy experiments, the use of a near infrared (NIR) laser enables us to take advantage of both the plasmon resonance absorption peak of gold nanorods (GNR), ∼785 nm with aspect ratio of ∼ 4, as well as the absorption peak of the fluorescent dye, ∼774 nm. We used a 785 nm NIR laser with fluence of ∼9.5 W/cm2 and a 4 minute exposure time. Anti- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor over-expressed on malignant head and neck cancer cells, was labeled with a fluorescent dye and conjugated to GNR. We have studied the conjugation parameters for GNR and anti-EGFR antibodies and used nearest neighbor approximations to analyze the nanorod-to-antibody ratio from transmission electron microscope images. The optimal conjugation of dye:antibody:GNR facilitates active targeting of the nanorods to the tumor site. This active targeting is more efficient than previously reported results that rely solely on the enhanced permeability and retention effect. We demonstrate that PEGylating the GNR before conjugation to antibodies improves the quality of the conjugation. We also show that binding ability of the conjugated antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor has not been affected. In addition, cell death by NIR photothermal therapy and gold nanorods is not compromised following conjugation of gold nanorods to a fluorescently labeled antibody. NIR photothermal treatment with the dye-antibody-nanorod conjugate selectively heated the GNR, excited fluorescence, and was sufficient to kill nearly 90% of tumor cells comparable to photothermal therapy with the GNR alone. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1972. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1972
Government has "systematically underestimated" cultural shift needed to implement reforms
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK government’s planned reforms of the NHS in England carry a very high level of risk, says the membership body representing most NHS organisations, the NHS Confederation, in a new report.

The “biggest shake-up of the NHS in its history” will succeed only if a series of demanding conditions is met, it says. The report, which resulted from a meeting of doctors, managers, and NHS experts at Leeds Castle in November, says that a degree of optimism is needed to assume that this will be possible.

The greatest problems lie in the implementation of the reforms and in trying to carry them all out at once and in such a short time, the group concluded. It warns the government that this will be “extraordinarily risky.”

The reforms, to be outlined in more detail in the Health Bill, expected to be published …
C4-05: Comparison of Real-time endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and PET/CT in mediastinal staging of NSCLC: focus on histologic types. (preliminary report)
Authors: Bin Hwangbo, Hee Seok Lee, Ho Young Lee, Hyae Young Kim, Geon Kook Lee, Byung Ho Nam, Jae Ill Zo, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Blood-Group-A-Like Substance in a Preparation of Pneumococcal Vaccine
Authors: GEORGE R. SIBER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A platelet transfusion from a blood group O donor, immunized 1 month before with Pneumovax, caused a hemolytic reaction in a blood group A recipient. Forty-five of 59 group O donors (76%) and all of nine group B donors immunized with Pneumovax had a fourfold or higher anti-A response. Half of the anti-A antibody in high titered donors was in the IgG fraction. Pneumovax contained approximately 30 µg of an A-like substance per dose; polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines prepared by two other manufacturers contained very low and probably subimmunogenic concentrations. Several culture media prepared from animal tissues contained an antigen of similar physical, immunologic, and chemical properties, and were the most likely source of the contaminant. Manufacturing procedures have since been revised to eliminate A-like substances.
Timolol and Myasthenia Gravis-Reply
Authors: Thom J. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In Reply.—  In my opinion, letters of this type and quality are extremely important in the process of discovering the side effects of any new drug. Although timolol maleate had been extremely well studied before its release, it is only after such a drug has been on the market and has been used in thousands of patients that some of the less frequent side effects appear. Although case reports do not often prove cause and effect, they are important for pointing out circumstances in which more study is needed or where caution should be used.  Suspected adverse effects such as are reported in Dr Shaivitz's letter should also be reported to the Food and Drug Administration (8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20205), the pharmaceutical company itself, and for adverse ocular side effects, National Registry of Drug Induced Ocular Side Effects (F. T. Fraunfelder, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oregon
Measurement of functional severity of asthma in children.
Authors: M J Rosier, J Bishop, T Nolan, C F Robertson, J B Carlin, P D Phelan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The usefulness of surveys for measuring the severity of asthma in school-age children depends on the availability of reliable and valid questionnaires. The aim of this study was to develop a measure of functional severity of asthma over the previous 12 mo, for use in population studies and in investigating treatment regimens. Of 10,198 children surveyed, 9,192 (90%) in school Years 2, 7, and 10 (mean ages 8, 13, and 16 yr) in Melbourne were screened for wheeze. The parents of the 1,267 children with wheeze were interviewed. Symptoms and restriction of activity due to asthma were analyzed using factor analysis and the partial credit version of the item response theory measurement model. The result was a continuous severity scale that was highly consistent with the data, and with goodness of fit statistics indicating the severity of 97% of children was well described by the scale. The scale correlated significantly with school absence due to wheeze (r = 0.35), functional impairment during the 2 wk before interview (Functional Status II-R [FSII-R], r = 0.30), visits to medical care for wheeze (r = 0.22), and amount of medication (r = 0.36). For descriptive purposes, a simple index with four bands of severity was developed from the continuous severity scale: low severity (47% of children with wheeze), moderate (30%), mild (18%), and high (5%). The scale and index facilitate standardized description of the impact of asthma on daily life on the basis of responses to six survey questions.
No vote in US Congress on proposal to create new pathway for approving antibiotics
Authors: P. Doshi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

US senators agreed late on 26 March to “set aside” a proposal to create a special approval pathway at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for antibiotics. Public interest advocacy and government watchdog organizations celebrated the news after scrambling to urge senators to vote against the amendment, which had been added to the US congressional budget bill and introduced earlier in the day.

“The amendment sounded innocuous, but it sets the stage for a very risky bill,” said Diana Zuckerman, president of the National Center for Health Research. Zuckerman, who coauthored a commentary published in The BMJ last week,1 warned that current congressional efforts would “roll back” historical regulatory standards meant to protect patients. In the hours leading up to the Senate session, her team urged dozens of senators to vote against the amendment.

The amendment aimed “to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to ensuring that patients, …
A Physician Considers Nuclear War
Authors: Roger J. Bulger
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In September 1978, Senator John Sparkman of Alabama, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, requested a major new study on the effects of nuclear warfare and specified that detailed analyses should be presented of the effects on the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from several different levels of nuclear war. That report<sup>1</sup>has now been published. The findings and conclusions, in effect, describe a disaster of unparalleled, unacceptable, and almost unimaginable proportions. The current deterioration of US-Soviet relations (following the blatant takeover of Afghanistan), the growing list of nations with existing nuclear capacity, the unpredictable and almost insane behavior of radical, revolutionary, or crusading groups, and the much heralded "false alarms" of Soviet nuclear attacks on the United States have all conspired to raise the levels of anxiety and concern about the possibility of nuclear war. The American people have become more angry about being
Naltrexone Implant for the Treatment of Polydrug Dependence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jari Tiihonen, Evgeny Krupitsky, Elena Verbitskaya, Elena Blokhina, Olga Mamontova, Jaana Föhr, Pekka Tuomola, Kimmo Kuoppasalmi, Vesa Kiviniemi, Edwin Zwartau
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

A placebo-controlled study of 100 outpatients with mixed heroin-amphetamine addiction showed that implanted naltrexone, designed to block opiate effects for 8–10 weeks, led to 52% of patients remaining in treatment and 38% having urine samples free of both drugs at 10 weeks, compared to 28% remaining and 16% drug free for the placebo implant. Use of other substances, such as alcohol, did not increase.
Characterisation of a compound in-cis GATA2 germline mutation in a pedigree presenting with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia with concurrent thrombocytopenia
Authors: C N Hahn, P J Brautigan, C-E Chong, A Janssan, P Venugopal, Y Lee, A E Tims, M S Horwitz, M Klingler-Hoffmann, H S Scott
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
RELATIVE BLOOD CELL VOLUME IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: B. H. SCHLOMOVITZ
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Attempts at a clinical classification of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have been rather arbitrary. In our studies on the pathologic physiology of the blood in tuberculous patients, a record was also made of the volumetric division of blood specimens into corpuscular (cell) content and plasma (fluid) content. The relative blood cell volume combines, among other things, the factors of cell numbers, cell size, and hemoglobin capacity. A classification of our cases grew out of the data obtained when the clinical symptoms were correlated with the relative corpuscular volume. That the blood changes in the tuberculous do mean something has long been the opinion of practitioners, because in pulmonary tuberculosis of the chronic ulcerative type a secondary anemia is, to a certain extent, one of the indexes of the patient's condition. This secondary anemia cannot, however, be proved to be consistently present, although alterations in the blood are known to play
Severe self limiting sclerosing cholangitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy due to autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: A Schmassmann
Journal: Gut (2006)

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pancreas that often mimics pancreatic malignancy. However, laboratory, radiological, and histological findings can be quite characteristic.1,2 Early clinical suspicion of this diagnosis is decisive. High titres of serum gamma globulins (especially immunoglobulin G4), autoimmune antibodies, and characteristic radiological and histological features strongly support the diagnosis.1,2 Steroid therapy usually substantially improves clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters. Nevertheless, in some cases, surgical resection of a pancreatic mass lesion is still necessary, mainly to exclude pancreatic cancer and to treat low bile duct strictures.1 Sclerosing cholangitis associated with autoimmune pancreatitis is part of a systemic fibroinflammatory response and can develop before, during, and after the development of autoimmune pancreatitis.1,2

A 66 year old man was admitted …
Rubella immunization. Persistence of antibody four years after a large-scale field trial
Authors: K. L. Herrmann
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A long-term comparative field trial of three live, attenuated rubella vaccines (HPV-77 DE-5, HPV-77 DK-12, and Cendehill) was initiated in 1969 on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii in the state of Hawaii. Rubella hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests on prevaccination serum specimens from 7,931 children in the two study areas indicated an overall susceptibility to rubella of nearly 70%. The rates of seroconversion of 5,153 seronegative subjects to HPV-77 DE-5, HPV-77 DK-12, and Cendehill vaccine were 97.5%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively. Over the subsequent four-year follow-up period, during which time natural exposure to rubella was minimal, the percent decline of geometric mean titers did not vary substantially among the three vaccine groups and measured about twofold for all three. A total of only 28 vaccines (0.7%) who seroconverted to one of the vaccines in 1969 lost all measurable antibody by 1974. Measurable antibody persisted in more than 98% of all vaccinees over the four-year period. Reinfection, thought possibly to be an important factor in maintaining titers, did not occur frequently in the study population and could not be related to outbreaks of disease.
Backwards is the way forward: Feedback in the cortical hierarchy predicts the expected future
Authors: Lars Muckli, Lucy S. Petro, Fraser W. Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Clark offers a powerful description of the brain as a prediction machine, which offers progress on two distinct levels. First, on an abstract conceptual level, it provides a unifying framework for perception, action, and cognition (including subdivisions such as attention, expectation, and imagination). Second, hierarchical prediction offers progress on a concrete descriptive level for testing and constraining conceptual elements and mechanisms of predictive coding models (estimation of predictions, prediction errors, and internal models).
Safety and tolerability of ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: an open-label phase 1/2 study
Authors: Shaji K Kumar, Jesus G Berdeja, Ruben Niesvizky, Sagar Lonial, Jacob P Laubach, Mehdi Hamadani, A Keith Stewart, Parameswaran Hari, Vivek Roy, Robert Vescio, Jonathan L Kaufman, Deborah Berg, Eileen Liao, Alessandra Di Bacco, Jose Estevam, Neeraj Gupta, Ai-Min Hui, Vincent Rajkumar, Paul G Richardson
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
A Case of Spontaneous Haemo-Pneumothorax
Authors: T. Bushby
Journal: BMJ (1913)

lIe was seen .again.at 11.30.p.m. and at 9 the next miiorning, an.d oni neitlher occasionl was there any clhange.Dr. 'Maclinlay saw hiim at 3 p.m., wlhen lhe was sleeping.At 5 p.m. lhe got out of bed to try to get relief, and was ngiain seized witlh intenise pain, starting in the abdomen anld shootinig tllrouiglh to the back and uip the right side.lie was, seen-agaill abouit 6 p.m., wlhen lhe was moaninlg a good (leal; ani(d tUFr1iD(1 hiim over in bed to examili-ine himi at olnce aggravated the pain, wlichl w-as then miiainly over the base of the riglt lung.At 7.30 hie was seen by Dr. Weeles.Thrle was then miarlkzed dullniess at the base of the right lung, witlh absence of breath souinds.Thlere was miiarlke(d puilsation in. the epigastriuiml, but nio mnurm-ur.Up to this point we were in favotur of rLuptured duodenal uilcer into the lesser sac, but tllo evidence was lnot suffi- CiClit.Dr. Weeks did at onie time think of aneurysm as a diagnosis, butt as the patient's conditioni w%vas not improved lie was remiioved to the infirmary, Midldlesbrougb, wlhere lie was seen by M1r.Dicliie at 9 p.m.After examininig the
Occupational Exposure to Nitrous Oxide — Not a Laughing Matter
Authors: Patricia A. Baird
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Nitrous oxide, popularly referred to as "laughing gas" because of its ability to cause euphoria, has been known for almost two centuries.1 By the middle of the 19th century it was being used frequently and successfully as an anesthetic, and it has been widely administered ever since in both hospital operating rooms and dental offices.In the past two decades, epidemiologic studies have shown that serious health consequences may be associated with prolonged exposure to low levels of nitrous oxide. Although most studies have examined cognitive, neurologic, hepatic, and hematopoietic side effects, there has also been some evidence suggesting an . . .
Hazards of laparoscopy.
Authors: T D Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

I was interested to read Mr. M. McD. Usherwood's account of the breakage of Palmer's diathermy forceps (June 30, p. 773). I have had the same problem during a laparoscopic sterilization. Another pair of Palmer's forceps was not immediately available, but fortunately it was possible to remove the broken claw of the forceps by means of sigmoidoscopy biopsy forceps through the cannula, and after a short interval the sterilization was completed by the laparoscopic method. The forceps were almost new, and I wonder if these were isolated incidents or whether some of the current instruments available are not strong enough for this purpose.
Tuberculosis in prisons in countries with high prevalence
Authors: R. Coninx
Journal: BMJ (2000)

On any day worldwide about 10 million people are incarcerated, in prisons, remand centres, police stations, jails, detention centres for asylum seekers, penal colonies, and prisoner of war camps. There is an increasing recognition that the high risk of tuberculosis in these settings poses a problem for those imprisoned and for the wider society. The issue now is what to do about what was until very recently “a forgotten plague.”1 The important general measures for tuberculosis control in prisons are improvement of prison conditions, particularly a reduction in overcrowding, improvement of nutrition and hygiene, and guaranteed access to improved prison health services.

Knowledge of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in prisons, appreciation of what makes control different from control in other settings, and understanding of the principles of tuberculosis control are all necessary for governmental and other agencies to contribute to the implementation of effective tuberculosis control programmes in prisons. We have focused here on countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis, where the problem is most severe and the need for action most pressing, and on the specific measures necessary in the implementation of an effective prison tuberculosis programme.

#### Summary points

People incarcerated are at high risk for tuberculosis and case rates are among the highest ever recorded in any population

The specific features of prisons and of prisoners necessitate specific approaches to tuberculosis control that are different from those used in the general population

Guarantees are needed to ensure completion of treatment; and this requires political and administrative commitment

Prisons can also provide an opportunity for effective tuberculosis control, which may well lead to improved prison health care

The article is based on information from ongoing clinical work, follow up of ongoing prison programmes, and reports from prisons, supplemented by literature searches.

Prisons are closed institutions for prisoners during their …