tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Merck Manual of Geriatrics
Authors: Mark A. Rudberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In the tradition of<i>The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapeutics</i>, the editors of<i>The Merck Manual of Geriatrics</i>have produced an organized and practical book devoted to the important discipline of geriatric medicine. The first of five sections covers the common problems encountered in the care of elderly persons (eg, confusion, urinary incontinence, and falls). The next section deals with specific approaches to the care of those in older age groups (eg, home health care, rehabilitation, and preventive strategies). In the third section the various organ systems are presented, with emphasis on the changes that occur with aging. The fourth deals with legal, ethical, and social issues. The last section is a helpful reference guide that includes information on laboratory data and assessment instruments. Not only are the main sections well organized, but each of the 104 chapters is well written and can be understood independently. Additionally, the manual
Low prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia. Melbourne Liver Group.
Authors: R G Watson, P W Angus, M Dewar, B Goss, R B Sewell, R A Smallwood
Journal: Gut (1995)

A prevalence study of primary biliary cirrhosis was carried out in the state of Victoria, Australia, by means of a mail survey of specialist physicians and a review of hospital records. Eighty four cases were identified, giving a prevalence of 19.1 per million population (95% confidence limits (CI) 15.3, 23.7), which is among the lowest in published reports. The prevalence in the Australian born, at risk population (women over the age of 24) was 51 per million (95% CI 37.5, 67.9). Both these figures are considerably lower than those in populations of similar age distribution in the UK and northern Europe. Since most Victorians are descended from British or European settlers, the low prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in this study supports the hypothesis that local environmental factors may be important in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Psoriasis and bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: S N Jowitt, J A Yin
Journal: BMJ (1990)

book review gives a valuable insight into the mind of a medical school dean.'He likens redesigning the undergraduate curriculum to a confusing game of chess with an increasing number of pieces.This confusion is hardly surprising because he admits that the objectives of undergraduate medical education are not clear.He calls for each medical school to review and recast its philosophy of medical education.While this stance is highly commendable, surely the task should be undertaken at a national level.The "opportunistic nature of clinical learning around the randomness and imperatives of disease,"' combine with the strengths and weaknesses of the individual medical school to provide an unpredictable experience for each student.It seems extremely unlikely that important changes in the balance of the curriculum will occur while powerful personalities at each medical school compete for their share of curriculum time.The General Medical Council in supervising medical education displays much wisdom.Perhaps with its help medical schools in the United King- dom might define the current objectives of under- graduate education.A national curriculum could then be defined with sufficient flexibility to allow the individual flavour of schools to persist.If we, as a profession, do not grasp this nettle, there may be others who wish to do it for us.
Report of a Case of Malformation of the Female Generative Organs.
Authors: J. T. McShane
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Without going into the history of the subject or discussing the various classifications of uterine and vaginal malformations, I desire to report the following case: The patient is 46 years old, married for many years, about 5 feet 10 inches in height, strongly built, and with a decided masculine appearance and voice. Her menstruation has always been regular and easy. In November, 1890, she had a fall to the ground, alighting in a sitting posture, after which she complained of severe pain in the back and coccygeal region, and from these facts I was led to make an examination. The discovery which I made shed no particular light on the cause of the pain, but it proved to be a matter of interest to me, and explained to the patient the cause of her sterility. In making a digital examination I found the vagina to be roomy,
Dexamethasone plus rituximab yields higher sustained response rates than dexamethasone monotherapy in adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Francesco Zaja, Michele Baccarani, Patrizio Mazza, Monica Bocchia, Luigi Gugliotta, Alfonso Zaccaria, Nicola Vianelli, Marzia Defina, Alessia Tieghi, Sergio Amadori, Selenia Campagna, Felicetto Ferrara, Emanuele Angelucci, Emilio Usala, Silvia Cantoni, Giuseppe Visani, Antonella Fornaro, Rita Rizzi, Valerio De Stefano, Francesco Casulli, Marta Lisa Battista, Miriam Isola, Franca Soldano, Enrica Gamba, Renato Fanin
Journal: Blood (2010)
Cinical Electrocardiography—Its Present Position and Possible Potentialities
Authors: LOUIS N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The present role of the electrocardiogram in clinical medicine is discussed and its limitations as a diagnostic tool are pointed out. Its particular usefulness in the analysis of arrhythmias and the value of certain specific empirically derived patterns are discussed. The misuse of the term "unipolar" is explained, the actual conditions present being only crude approximations of the assumptions upon which the equilateral triangle theory rests. The role of multiple V chest leads and the aV limb leads in clinical electrocardiography is outlined. A brief explanation of stereovectorcardiography and the great promise it holds for the future is presented.
Abstract 2403: Imaging of UVB and UVC-induced DNA damage repair in cancer cells in Gelfoam histoculture and minimal cancer in mice
Authors: Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Yasunori Tome, Hiroki Maehara, Fuminori Kanaya, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Shuya Yano, Mako Yamamoto, Yasunori Matsumoto, Elena V. Efimova, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We compared the DNA damage repair response of cancer cells after UVB or UVC irradiation. The DNA-damage repair response to UV irradiation was imaged in tumors growing in 3D Gelfoam® histoculture and in superficial tumors grown in mice. UV-induced DNA damage repair was imaged with GFP fused to the DNA damage response (DDR)-related chromatin-binding protein 53BP1 in MiaPaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells. 53BP1 forms foci during DNA damage repair. A clonogenic assay initially showed that UVC and UVB inhibited MiaPaCa-2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with UVC having more efficacy. Gelfoam® histocultures and confocal imaging enabled 53BP1-GFP nuclear foci to be observed within 1 h after UV irradiation, indicating the onset of DNA damage repair response. Induction of UVB-induced 53BP1-GFP focus formation was observed up to a depth of 120 µm in MiaPaCa-2 cells on Gelfoam®, while UVC induced foci only to a depth of 40 µm. The MiaPaCa-2 cells irradiated by both UVB and UVC light in a skin-flap mouse model had a significant decrease in tumor growth compared to untreated controls. Moreover, UVB-treatment had greater inhibition of tumor growth compared to UVC. Our results demonstrate that both UVB and UVC are useful tools for the treatment of residual cancer, and UVB was more effective than UVC in vivo, possibly due to greater tissue penetration of UVB because of its longer wavelength. Citation Format: Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Yasunori Tome, Hiroki Maehara, Fuminori Kanaya, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Shuya Yano, Mako Yamamoto, Yasunori Matsumoto, Elena V. Efimova, Robert M. Hoffman. Imaging of UVB and UVC-induced DNA damage repair in cancer cells in Gelfoam histoculture and minimal cancer in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2403. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2403
Ligand recognition by murine anti-DNA autoantibodies. II. Genetic analysis and pathogenicity.
Authors: P C Swanson, R L Yung, N B Blatt, M A Eagan, J M Norris, B C Richardson, K J Johnson, G D Glick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Although anti-DNA autoantibodies are an important hallmark of lupus, the relationships among anti-DNA structure, reactivity, and pathogenicity have not been fully elucidated. To further investigate these relationships, we compare the variable genes and primary structure of eight anti-DNA mAbs previously obtained from an MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mouse along with the ability of three representative mAbs to induce nephritis in nonautoimmune mice using established adoptive transfer protocols. One monospecific anti-single-stranded (ss) DNA (11F8) induces severe diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis in nonautoimmune mice whereas another anti-ssDNA with apparently similar in vitro binding properties (9F11) and an anti-double-stranded DNA (4B2) are essentially benign. These results establish a murine model of anti-DNA-induced glomerular injury resembling the severe nephritis seen in lupus patients and provide direct evidence that anti-ssDNA can be more pathogenic than anti-double-stranded DNA. In vitro binding experiments using both protein-DNA complexes and naive kidney tissue indicate that glomerular localization of 11F8 may occur by recognition of a planted antigen in vivo. Binding to this antigen is DNase sensitive which suggests that DNA or a DNA-containing molecule is being recognized.
Families in flats.
Authors: J. G. Power
Journal: BMJ (1968)

subheadings, so that all the drugs of similar action were to be found together.The antidepressives are a case in point.Instead of all antidepressives being listed alphabetically, as in MIMS, Medindex classified them into monoamine oxidase inhibitors, thymoleptics, and others.Other useful sections were the paragraphs of indications and safety factors at the beginning of each section, and the index of official and other approved names.I am sure there must be many general practitioners who regret the passing of Medindex as much as I do.
Clinical Pharmacology of Human Insulin
Authors: Lutz Heinemann, Bernd Richter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Nowadays, human insulin is used daily by millions of diabetic patients. The biological effect of human insulin is comparable to that of porcine insulin. However, after subcutaneous injection, pharmacological and clinical studies showed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between human and animal insulins. Human insulin tends to have faster absorption and shorter duration of action compared with animal insulin. These differences are more pronounced and can be of clinical relevance with intermediate- and long-acting insulin preparations. Optimal metabolic control can be achieved with either human or highly purified animal insulin preparations, provided appropriate insulin replacement strategies are used.
An Evolutionary Analysis of the Helix-Hairpin-Helix Superfamily of DNA Repair Glycosylases
Authors: Dee R. Denver, Stephanie L. Swenson, Michael Lynch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) superfamily of base excision repair DNA glycosylases is composed of multiple phylogenetically diverse enzymes that are capable of excising varying spectra of oxidatively and methyl-damaged bases. Although these DNA repair glycosylases have been widely studied through genetic, biochemical, and biophysical approaches, the evolutionary relationships of different HhH homologs and the extent to which they are conserved across phylogeny remain enigmatic. We provide an evolutionary framework for this pervasive and versatile superfamily of DNA glycosylases. Six HhH gene families (named AlkA: alkyladenine glycosylase; MpgII: N-methylpurine glycosylase II; MutY/Mig: A/G-specific adenine glycosylase/mismatch glycosylase; Nth: endonuclease III; OggI: 8-oxoguanine glycosylase I; and OggII: 8-oxoguanine glycosylase II) are identified through phylogenetic analysis of 234 homologs found in 94 genomes (16 archaea, 64 bacteria, and 14 eukaryotes). The number of homologs in each gene family varies from 117 in the Nth family (nearly every genome surveyed harbors at least one Nth homolog) to only five in the divergent OggII family (all from archaeal genomes). Sequences from all three domains of life are included in four of the six gene families, suggesting that the HhH superfamily diversified very early in evolution. The phylogeny provides evidence for multiple lineage-specific gene duplication events, most of which involve eukaryotic homologs in the Nth and AlkA gene families. We observe extensive variation in the number of HhH superfamily glycosylase genes present in different genomes, possibly reflecting major differences among species in the mechanisms and pathways by which damaged bases are repaired and/or disparities in the basic rates and spectra of mutation experienced by different genomes.
aaaa zzz kkk The Challenge of Family Practice Reconsidered
Authors: William R. Willard
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE AD HOC Committee on Education for Family Practice was established by the American Medical Association Council on Medical Education in September 1964, with representatives named by the Council on Medical Education, the AMA Section on Family/General Practice, the (then) American Academy of General Practice, and the Association of American Medical Colleges. Chaired by William R. Willard, MD, the Committee held 13 two-day meetings during a two-year period before completing its report entitled Meeting the Challenge of Family Practice . The recommendations of the report were approved by the AMA House of Delegates in September 1966.  The Committee met again in the fall of 1977, on its own initiative, with the assumption that it might be of interest and value to medical educators, students, residents, and practicing physicians if the original recommendations were reassessed in the light of the rapid developments and present status of the family practice movement. The following
Effect of Clostridium difficile toxin A on human intestinal epithelial cells: induction of interleukin 8 production and apoptosis after cell detachment.
Authors: Y R Mahida, S Makh, S Hyde, T Gray, S P Borriello
Journal: Gut (1996)

Clostridium difficile is the aetiological agent of pseudomembranous colitis, and animal studies suggest the essential role of secreted toxin A in inducing disease. This study examined the biological responses to toxin A by human intestinal epithelial cells. Confluent monolayers of Caco2, HT29, and T84 cells and primary epithelial cells in organ cultures of human colonic biopsy specimens and after detachment with EDTA were studied. Interleukin 8 was assayed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Purified C difficile toxin A induced cell rounding and detachment of monolayers of the epithelial cell lines. Cells in detached monolayers initially remained viable while adherent to each other. Subsequently, an increasing number of apoptotic cells appeared in suspension. Exposure to toxin A for 24 hours induced interleukin 8 production in T84 and HT29 cells. Toxin A also induced epithelial cell rounding, detachment, and apoptosis in organ cultures of human colonic biopsy specimens. During culture (in medium only), EDTA detached colonic epithelial cells produced interleukin 8 and cell death occurred by apoptosis. Colonic disease by C difficile may be initiated by toxin A mediated induction of epithelial cell interleukin 8 production and apoptosis after cell detachment from the basement membrane. Studies on isolated (toxin untreated) colonic epithelial cells suggest that interleukin 8 production and apoptosis occur as a consequence of cell injury and detachment.
Clinical Scholars and Health Services
Authors: Kerr L. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The post-Flexner era of medicine began a generation ago with John Ryle's move from Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge to Professor of Social Medicine at Oxford.1 Full recognition came in 1969 with the appointment of Richard Doll, the first epidemiologist elected to fellowship in the Royal Society, as Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford.2 Both demonstrate superior scholarship combined with commitments to medicine's clinical and social problems. What distinguishes them from colleagues who work only at the bedside, in the clinic or in the laboratory is their focus on the health problems of populations. They are distinguished also from . . .
Long-term management of atopic dermatitis in infants with topical pimecrolimus, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug
Authors: Alexander Kapp, Kim Papp, Ann Bingham, Regina Fölster-Holst, Jean-Paul Ortonne, Paul C. Potter, Wayne Gulliver, Carle Paul, Stephen Molloy, Nathalie Barbier, Mark Thurston, Yves de Prost
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Stigma associated with mental illness in Canada is a national embarrassment
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The stigma attached to mental illness is so pervasive in Canada that it is a national embarrassment, doctors were told at their annual meeting last week. And doctors are part of the problem by refusing to give mental illness the same recognition and responses that are given to other illnesses, delegates at the Canadian Medical Association conference in Montreal heard.

The association’s president, Brian Day, said that the results of a new poll, which …
Training for Effective Patient Communication—Reply
Authors: J. Randall Curtis, Anthony L. Back, Ruth A. Engelberg
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctors should to be held to account for behaviour of colleagues, say MPs
Authors: Helen Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors could risk losing their licence if they fail to report fitness to practise concerns about their colleagues, MPs have recommended.

In its first annual review of the functions of the General Medical Council, the House of Commons Health Committee has called for the regulator to send “a clear signal” to doctors that they are at as much risk of being investigated for failing to report concerns about a fellow doctor as they are from poor practice on their own part.

Senior doctors and clinical team leaders in hospitals would be most accountable, but there would be “questions asked of everybody,” said Stephen Dorrell MP, chair of the health committee.

“Every practising doctor and nurse knows that …
A Case of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema Treated With Nifedipine
Authors: Oswald Oelz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> One of the crucial factors in the pathogenesis of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.<sup>1</sup>In the rat, this pressor response to hypoxia can be prevented and reversed by calcium antagonists.<sup>2</sup>I would like to report a personal experience of amelioration of HAPE symptoms by nifedipine. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> On Sept 10,1986,I flew from Katmandu, Nepal (an altitude of 1200 m), to an altitude of 2800 m. I subsequently climbed in three days to a base camp at an altitude of 5400 m on Mount Makalu (8485 m). On Sept 16, two well-acclimatized friends and I ascended to 6000 m. On the following day, we climbed via the Kukuczka Ridge to an altitude of 6900 m, where we established a camp. The climb was steep and demanding. I used 500 mg of acetazolamide daily as prophylaxis against acute mountain sickness. Nevertheless, having
(6) Azelaic acid really does work in acne—a double-blind national and international study
Authors: J. Norris, W.J. Cunliffe, B. Burke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Azelaic acid is a natural product of Pityrosporum ovale; used topically it has been shown to be of benefit in acne by a marked antimicrobial effect against Propionibacterium acnes. No study to date, however, has included a placebo group. We have investigated 40 patients with clinical acne in a double‐blind study; half received 20% azelaic acid cream and half the base cream. Assessments were made of total acne grade, lesions counts and side‐effects. Azelaic acid was significantly better than placebo at 1, 2 and 3 months in improving overall acne grade (P < 0·01) and inflamed lesions (P < 0·001). Side‐effects were minimal—the main drawback of the preparation was greasiness of its base. We also collaborated in a multicentre study involving 859 patients in which azelaic acid was compared with other treatments. It was found to be as effective as benzoyl peroxide, retinoic acid and oral tetracycline over an 8‐month study. It gave a significantly lower incidence of dermatitis (P < 0·01) than either retinoic acid or benzoyl peroxide and, in contrast to the latter, it did not bleach clothes. We conclude that azelaic acid is a safe and beneficial topical treatment for acne vulgaris.
Attenuation of human influenza a viruses
Authors: A. S. Beare, M. L. Bynoe
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The attenuation of two human influenza A viruses has been carried out, using the selection of inhibitor-resistant strains and multiple passages at low temperatures. A virus related to A2/Tokyo/3/67 was obtained in an inhibitor-resistant form. When this was compared with the inhibitor-sensitive strain in a volunteer trial it was relatively non-pathogenic. The second virus, A2/Hongkong/1/68, was subjected to much longer treatment, but nevertheless remained slightly sensitive to serum inhibitor. When given to volunteers it was less pathogenic than before but attenuation was incomplete. A2/Hongkong/1/68 was also modified by passage at low temperatures. Many of these passages are apparently necessary for full attenuation. All attenuated viruses were infective and antigenic.
Obesity in young blacks is linked to a 20 year reduction in life span
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Obesity can diminish a person's life expectancy by more than 10 years, and among black men it can shorten life span by as much as 20 years, according to new research. Obesity is particularly dangerous for adults in their 20s and 30s.

Dr David Allison from the University of Alabama, Birmingham, and colleagues used data from three large, national epidemiological studies conducted between 1970 and 1999 to estimate the expected number of years of life lost due to overweight and obesity across the life span of an adult. …