tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeted Therapy to Prevent Progression of Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Nalini M. Rajamannan, Catherine M. Otto
Journal: Circulation (2004)

alcific aortic valve disease is common, affecting 25% of adults over the age of 65 years, with progression to severe valve obstruction resulting in more than 50 000 aortic valve replacements annually in the United States."Degenerative" calcific aortic valve disease was thought for many years to be a passive accumulation of calcium binding to the aortic surface of the valve leaflet.Now, convincing data indicate aortic stenosis is an active disease process with a distinctive histological appearance, associated clinical factors, and variable disease progression, which suggests this disease may be amenable to medical therapy to prevent or slow disease progression.
Effects of non-peptidal CCK receptor antagonist (L-364,718) on pancreatic responses to cholecystokinin, gastrin, bombesin, and meat feeding in dogs.
Authors: S J Konturek, J Tasler, J W Konturek, M Cieszkowski, K Szewczyk, M Hladij, P S Anderson
Journal: Gut (1989)

Postprandial pancreatic secretion results from the interaction of neural and hormonal factors but their contribution to the net postprandial secretion is unknown. Recent description of highly specific and potent cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonists allows the determination of the physiological role of CCK in the postprandial pancreatic secretion. In six dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulae, the blockade of CCK receptors by non-peptidal agent (L-364,718) caused little change in basal pancreatic secretion, but decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) by about 60% the pancreatic protein response to meat feeding and virtually abolished the pancreatic responses to CCK-8 and bombesin. The pancreatic protein responses to pentagastrin, reaching about 37% of CCK maximum, was also significantly reduced but this effect was less pronounced than that observed in tests with CCK-8 or bombesin stimulation. In contrast, cholinergically stimulated pancreatic secretion, reaching about 40% of CCK maximum, was unaffected by L-364,718. Cholecystokinin antagonism also failed to affect the postprandial and bombesin induced increments in plasma CCK and gastrin concentrations, but significantly reduced the PP responses to CCK-8 bombesin and meat feeding possibly as a result of the removal of the CCK mediated release of PP. We conclude that CCK plays a crucial role in the mediation of the postprandial and bombesin induced pancreatic secretion and in the PP release.
Pocket Companion to Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 16th ed: Handheld Software
Authors: A. M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Formation of multinucleated giant cells from human monocyte precursors. Mediation by a soluble protein from antigen-and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes.
Authors: A E Postlethwaite, B K Jackson, E H Beachey, A H Kang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Multinucleated giant cells are associated with granulomas arising from immunological and nonimmunological inflammatory reactions. They are an integral part of the host immune response to chronic infectious diseases. In the present study we have demonstrated that human lymphocytes when stimulated by specific antigens of T cell mitogens produce a soluble factor that causes peripheral blood monocytes to fuse and form multinucleated giant cells in vitro. Production of the giant cell factor by antigen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes correlates with the existence of cell-mediated immunity to specific antigen. Monocyte-depleted blood lymphocytes, but not purified blood monocytes, produce the giant cell factor when cultured with antigens or T cell mitogens. Gel filtration and physiochemical studies indicate that the lymphocyte-derived giant cell factor is a heat-labile protein of approximately 60,000 mol wt. These findings suggest that multinucleated giant cells in granulomas may be formed by fusion of circulating monocytes in response to the release of a 60,000-mol wt protein from antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes.
Abstract B77: Targeting ovarian cancer promoting effects of adipocytes by metformin
Authors: Ramandeep Rattan, Calvin Tebbe, Jasdeep Chhina, Kalli Sarigiannis, Shailendra Giri, Adnan Munkarah
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract At the time of surgery, 80% of the ovarian cancers are found to be metastasized to the omentum, a large fat pad covering the abdominal organs. Omental metastasis is thought to be due to the promotion of homing, growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells by factors secreted by adipocytes, which include cytokines, adipokines and growth factors. These adipocytes also act as fuel depot providing for the energy needs of fast growing ovarian tumor cells. The objective of our study was to investigate if metformin can modulate or limit the adipocyte mediated tumor-promoting and migrating effects. For this, mouse preadipocyte cells were differentiated in the presence or absence of metformin and various parameters including lipid accumulation, AMPK activation and adipogenesis transcription factors were examined. Conditioned media from undifferentiated and differentiated adipocytes was used to evaluate ID-8 mouse ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration. Conditioned media from differentiated but not from undifferentiated preadipocytes, increased ID-8 cell proliferation (p&amp;lt;0.05) and migration (p&amp;lt;0.050), which were attenuated in presence of metformin (p&amp;lt;0.05). Metformin treatment inhibited adipogenesis as evident by the reduction of neutral lipid accumulation. Metformin treatment increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity as evident from higher level of phosphorylation of AMPK and its immediate downstream target ACC (Acetyl Co Carboxylase). It also inhibited the key adipogenesis transcription factors (CEBPαa; CEBPβb, SREBP1) during the process of adipocyte diffrenetiation. A targeted Cancer Pathway Finder RT-PCR based gene array (Qiagen) revealed 21 genes that were upreguated and 2 were downregulated more than 2-fold in ID-8 cells in presence of adipocyte conditioned media, which were modulated by metformin. Together, metformin treatment inhibited the adipocyte mediated ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration. It also blunted the expression of cancer associated genes that were induced by adipocyte influence in cancer cells. This study suggests that metformin could be a therapeutic option for ovarian cancer as it not only targets ovarian cancer but alternatively, also modulates the environmental milieu around it. Citation Format: Ramandeep Rattan, Calvin Tebbe, Jasdeep Chhina, Kalli Sarigiannis, Shailendra Giri, Adnan Munkarah. Targeting ovarian cancer promoting effects of adipocytes by metformin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B77.
In a class on their own
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The government is aiming to increase social mobility with a “panel on fair access to the professions” ( BMJ 2009;338:b116, doi:10.1136/bmj.b116). The time has come to rid ourselves of the old school tie in medicine. I came from a broken home, attended a comprehensive school, enjoyed free school dinners, and lived in a council house. My wife, both her parents doctors, endured the misery of ballet and piano lessons. What’s odd is that my grandfather was a London barrister and my wife’s a Clydebank …
Safety in Numbers — Monitoring Risk in Approved Drugs
Authors: Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In most cases, when a new drug is approved, almost everything known about its safety in humans is based on the responses of a few thousand people who took it during clinical trials. But once the drug is on the market, the real safety testing gets under way. Within a year or two, the number of people who are exposed to the medication may climb into the millions, especially if the manufacturer promotes it aggressively with television or print advertisements that target consumers. If the drug has a dangerous but rare side effect — for example, liver failure or aplastic . . .
Colorectal Cancer: Evidence for Distinct Genetic Categories Based on Proximal or Distal Tumor Location
Authors: José A. Bufill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Purpose: To examine studies of normal colon and colorectal cancer for evidence that the location of the primary tumor proximal or distal to the splenic flexure of the colon may determine distinct genetic categories of this disease. Data Identification: Studies were identified through a manual search of journals, through MEDLINE, and through review of bibliographies in identified articles. Study Selection: Approximately 300 articles were examined. About 150 articles were excluded because tumor location was not reported or was reported in a way that did not permit correlation with results or conclusions. Data Extraction: Articles were selected either because the presentation of data permitted correlation of results with anatomic regions of the colon or because they were relevant to inherited colorectal cancer. Results of the Analysis: Differences were noted in biologic properties of proximal and distal segments of normal fetal and adult colonic epithelium and in the epidemiologic, pathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular features of proximal and distal colorectal cancer. Some differences correlated with the features of inherited colorectal cancer (proximal, nonpolyposis or distal, and polyposis forms). Conclusions: Developmental and biologic differences in proximal and distal colon may reflect differing susceptibilities to neoplastic transformation. Differences in proximal and distal colorectal cancer suggest that each may arise through different pathogenetic mechanisms. Proximal tumors appear to represent a genetically more stable form of the disease and may arise through the same mechanisms that underlie inherited nonpolyposis colon cancer. Distal tumors show evidence of greater genetic instability and may develop through the same mechanisms that underlie polyposis-associated colorectal cancer syndromes.
French government issues guidelines on prescriptions
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The French government has published guidelines for prescribing aimed at ensuring that doctors do not systematically overprescribe or overtest; they could now be fined for doing so.

The guidelines, agreed by the French social security department and several medical unions, cover 15 major categories of prescribing, with several guidelines for each. For example they state that second …
ACCF/AHA/SCAI 2013 Update of the Clinical Competence Statement on Coronary Artery Interventional Procedures
Authors: John G. Harold, Theodore A. Bass, Thomas M. Bashore, Ralph G. Brindis, John E. Brush, James A. Burke, Gregory J. Dehmer, Yuri A. Deychak, Hani Jneid, James G. Jollis, Joel S. Landzberg, Glenn N. Levine, James B. McClurken, John C. Messenger, Issam D. Moussa, J. Brent Muhlestein, Richard M. Pomerantz, Timothy A. Sanborn, Chittur A. Sivaram, Christopher J. White, Eric S. Williams, Jonathan L. Halperin, Joshua A. Beckman, Ann Bolger, John G. Byrne, Steven J. Lester, Geno J. Merli, J. Brent Muhlestein, Ileana L. Pina, Andrew Wang, Howard H. Weitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Inquest jury seeks to take prescription opioids off Ontario's streets
Authors: A. Silversides
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An inquest jury in Ontario has recommended wide ranging measures to curb the availability of prescription narcotics.

The inquest was held in the wake of a rising number of deaths and cases of addiction in the province and led to a coroner’s concern that doctors bear “great responsibility” for the problem of misuse of prescription opioids.

A lengthy inquest was held in June 2011 into the deaths in 2008 of two people in the small city of Brockville. A 19 year old man, Dustin King, died of oxycodone poisoning after snorting crushed OxyContin.

He was found dead in the apartment of 41 year old Donna Bertrand, who was first prescribed opioids for a back injury and who, the jury ruled, committed suicide from mixed drug toxicity 11 days after …
Retreat from vegetarianism
Authors: M. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1995)

This is the second anniversary of my return to being a carnivore after 10 years. Being a vegetarian was one of the few student ideals that I remained faithful to since I decided to stop eating meat one day at the end of a long session at the anatomy dissection table. To some extent over the past two years I've missed the occasional taste of the moral high ground at the dinner table that some vegetarians constantly occupy, to everyone's annoyance. Looking forward to barbecues and cold meat salads this summer, I wonder why I continued to eschew animal flesh as a foodstuff for so long, even though the importance of most of the “isms” that make student life so colourful had long faded.

My first contact with the idea was during my first Christmas holiday after starting university. I was asked to speak to another member of the family who had “gone vegetarian.” Having an interest in the biological sciences, I was expected to convince her that meat was essential for health and that, given the season, turkey was an especially wholesome food. Others had tried to bring her back to the straight and narrow with no success, but she would listen to me as I was going to be a doctor.

It was during this discussion …
GlaxoSmithKline sidesteps NICE by negotiating with individual hospitals
Authors: A. Jack
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Women seeking a new treatment for breast cancer will not have an equal chance of receiving it, after the government’s drugs advisory body refused reimbursement for lapatinib (Tyverb). Patients will be subject to the decisions of their local hospital or forced to pay out of their own pocket.

In a final appeal last Wednesday, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) ruled that GlaxoSmithKline’s drug, which targets women with the Her2 gene mutation who fail with trastuzumab (Herceptin), was not cost effective.

The decision came after GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) attempted to reduce the price of the oral drug, estimated at an average annual equivalent of more than £25 000 (€27 000; $41 000) per patient. The company suggested a “risk sharing” scheme, in …
Mechanism of altered patterns of left ventricular filling during the development of congestive heart failure.
Authors: M Ohno, C P Cheng, W C Little
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The mechanism of the alterations in the pattern of left ventricular (LV) filling during the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) is not fully understood.We studied six conscious dogs instrumented to measure LV and left atrial (LA) pressures and LV volume as CHF was induced by rapid pacing. Diastolic filling dynamics were serially measured over 4 weeks during normal sinus rhythm. Four days after we initiated pacing, the peak early diastolic filing rate decreased from 108 +/- 24 to 88 +/- 27 mL/s (P < .05) as the maximal early diastolic LA-LV pressure gradient decreased associated with a slowing of the rate of LV relaxation. Subsequently, the peak early filling rate progressively increased, returning to control at 1 week, and by the fourth week, it had increased to 168 +/- 39 mL/s (P < .05). These changes in early filling rates occurred as the maximal early diastolic LA-LV pressure gradient increased in association with a progressive increase in LV pressure despite further progressive slowing of the rate of LV relaxation. Throughout the development of CHF, peak early filling rate and the maximal LA-LV pressure gradient correlated (r = .99, P < .001). The early filling deceleration rate increased and deceleration time progressively decreased over the 4 weeks as LV stiffness and net LA plus LV stiffness increased (P < .05). As predicted by a theoretical analysis, the deceleration time was linearly related to the reciprocal of the square root of LV stiffness (r = .94, P < .01).Early in CHF, slowing of LV relaxation reduces the maximal early diastolic LA-LV pressure gradient, decreasing the peak early filling rate. As CHF progresses, this is overcome by an increase in LA pressure that augments the early diastolic LA-LV pressure gradient, increasing peak early filling rate. Increasing LV stiffness during the development of CHF progressively shortens the early filling deceleration time and augments the early filling deceleration rate. These observations suggest that the early filling deceleration time reflects LV stiffness.
STATE MEDICINE vs. FADS.
Authors: GRANVILLE P. CONN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is often interesting, as well as instructive, to take a retrospective glance over conditions that apparently have taken the lead in shaping popular opinion. In professional work this is quite as fascinating as it is to follow the ordinary topics of the day. In the present, matters that are non-sensational are relegated to the background, giving place to topics that can be made to excite the imagination, and help to create a sensation. Out of this has been developed the fad of being interviewed by a representative of the public press; in which, many times, the person being interviewed is shrewdly made to say what the publishers of the paper or journal believe will be graciously received by its patrons. This seems to have extended to all classes of society until it has become a profession. The ward politician discourses eloquently on the financial problems of the day; the
Persistent health disparities in the US signal need for new thinking
Authors: K. Epstein
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Despite more than a decade of government reports and reforms, philanthropic initiatives, and a focus by researchers and policy makers on the unequal health outcomes of minorities health disparities have remained persistent in the United States.

“Heath disparities are not going away,” concludes a summary of key themes emerging from an Institute of Medicine workshop that included government officials, community health specialists, leading researchers, and advocates for minorities and the poor. “People of color experience an earlier onset and greater severity of negative health outcomes.”

A summary of the workshop released on 12 September notes that the economic downturn has exacerbated “serious effects on health, particularly for low-income families and people of color,” who not …
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PACLITAXEL-ELUTING COROFLEXTM PLEASE STENT VERSUS PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: THE PIPA RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Young-Hak Kim, Hyun-Sook Kim, Duk-Woo Park, Sang-Sig Cheong, Bong-Ki Lee, Seung-Wook Lee, Keun Lee, Nae-Hee Lee, Sang-Gon Lee, Chang Hoon Lee, Ki Won Hwang, Gyung-Min Park, Yong-Giun Kim, Jung-Min Ahn, Hae Geun Song, Won-Jang Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Increased Thallium-201 Accumulation in the Transplanted Lung
Authors: Andrew M. Freeman, Alexander Georgakis, Minisha Kochar, Namrata Patel, William A. VanDecker
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We present an interesting case of a 64-year-old man with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and known coronary disease who underwent a successful unilateral lung transplant. Postoperatively, the patient suffered a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and underwent a thallium-201 stress test. The nuclear study revealed differential lung uptake of thallium-201 with more tracer taken up by the newly transplanted lung. This finding and its clinical significance are discussed.
Studies of the free faecal amines of infants with gastroenteritis and of healthy infants.
Authors: K E Murray, R F Adams, J W Earl, K J Shaw
Journal: Gut (1986)

The free primary amines present in the faeces of 44 infants (1-18 months) with gastroenteritis have been examined by field desorption mass spectrometry of the lactone form of their fluorescamine derivatives without their prior separation. p-Tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine, the diamines, putrescine and cadaverine and several of their acyl derivatives were common constituents, but a number of other amines were also characterised. Using thin layer chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry of the amine dansyl derivatives a comparative study was made of the faecal amines of 13 selected infants with gastroenteritis (diarrhoea) and of 13 healthy infants. p-Tyramine, the most abundant amine, was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in the sick infants. The overall presence of p-tyramine was more significantly related to the diet of the infants. Faecal tyramine was low in breast fed infants but significantly higher (p = 0.01) in infants fed cow9s milk.
Comparison of histamine assay methods in measuring in vitro‐induced histamine release in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: R. J. Harvima, I. T. Harvima, L. Tuomisto, M. Horsmanheimo, J. E. Fräki
Journal: Allergy (1989)

histamine release tests using whole blood were applied in testing in vitro Type I birch allergic reaction in two patients with allergic rhinitis. Heparinized blood was incubated with varying dilutions of allergen for 30 min at + 37°C. After centrifugation of the blood, plasma was separated and the liberated histamine was analysed by histamine radio enzyme assay (REA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with postcolumn derivatization system or radio immuno assay (RIA), and the results obtained by these methods were compared. REA and HPLC gave similar results, while RIA gave somewhat higher values, but was less sensitive.
922-54 Pericardial Thickness Measured by Transesophageal Echocardiography: Feasibility and Potential Clinical Utility
Authors: Lieng H. Ling, Jae K. Oh, Chuwa Tei, Roger L. Click, Jerome F. Breen, James B. Seward, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)