tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Revertant T lymphocytes in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: Analysis of function and distribution in lymphoid organs
Authors: Sara Trifari, Samantha Scaramuzza, Marco Catucci, Maurilio Ponzoni, Luca Mollica, Robert Chiesa, Federica Cattaneo, Fanny Lafouresse, Ronan Calvez, William Vermi, Daniela Medicina, Maria Carmina Castiello, Francesco Marangoni, Marita Bosticardo, Claudio Doglioni, Maurizio Caniglia, Alessandro Aiuti, Anna Villa, Maria-Grazia Roncarolo, Loïc Dupré
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
P108 The biology of a bronchiectasis exacerbation: changes in daily peak expiratory flow rate and symptoms before, during and afterwards
Authors: SE Brill, D Bruce-Hickman, DJ Leith, R Singh, AJ Mackay, ARC Patel, JR Hurst
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Exacerbations of bronchiectasis are a major cause of morbidity in this neglected chronic lung disease. Little is known about the biology of these, and detailed daily changes in lung function and symptoms during their prodrome, onset and recovery have not been previously described. We prospectively investigated how lung function and symptoms change before, during and after a treated exacerbation of bronchiectasis. <h3>Methods</h3> Bronchiectasis was confirmed on previous imaging and aetiology was determined according to BTS Guidance. Patients recorded their best morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and completed a daily diary card recording up to 15 symptoms and any treatment changes. Patients were also asked to attend the clinic and undertake spirometry if symptoms worsened. PEFR (% of best) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at exacerbation (% predicted) were compared to baseline values at least two weeks from exacerbation symptoms. <h3>Results</h3> Between August 2010 and July 2012 there were 42 exacerbations in 18 patients; the first in each patient was included for analysis. 15 patients were female; mean age was 60.7 years (SD 11.2) and baseline FEV1% predicted 79(33) (FEV1/FVC ratio 0.70(18)). Aetiology was post-infectious in 9 patients, idiopathic in 5, and other causes in 4. Between day -14 and day 0 (treatment initiation) there was a 9% drop in mean (SD) PEFR (92(6)% of best to 83(10)%, p &lt; 0.001) and an increase in the mean daily symptom count from 1.2 (1.7) to 3.9 (2.1, p = 0.005). Figure 1 illustrates PEFR and daily symptoms across an exacerbation. Symptoms increase approximately 7 days prior to treatment start and PEFR drops 5 days prior. Following treatment initiation, symptoms improve faster than PEFR although recovery of both to pre-exacerbation values may take 30 days. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of the PEFR drop in patients with comorbid asthma (n = 5). There was a non-significant FEV1 drop of 1.7% predicted at exacerbation (n = 15). <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is a significant drop in peak flow during exacerbations of bronchiectasis. This reflects changes in patients’ symptoms and may persist for 30 days. Treatment was delayed for 7 days following the first rise in symptoms.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Multicentric Lung Adenocarcinomas and Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasias
Authors: Koei Ikeda, Hiroaki Nomori, Yasuomi Ohba, Hidekatsu Shibata, Takeshi Mori, Yumi Honda, Ken-ichi Iyama, Toshiaki Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Spironolactone (S) alone or with furosemide (F) in the treatment ofascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis
Authors: J. Santos, R. Planas, A. Pardo, M.L. Granada, J.A. Jiménez, R. Durández, C. Peña, E. Cabré, E. Quintero, M.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
CONTROL OF BONE LENGTH
Authors: Walter P. Blount
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Inequalities of bone length are an important cause of deformity of the human body. Shortness of an arm can be disguised satisfactorily by the clothing and is of little significance. A discrepancy in leg length produces a definite disability. Until the advent of anesthesia this deformity could be successfully treated only by the use of a high shoe or some prosthetic appliance. Although some of these gadgets were ingenious, they were always unsightly. Rizzoli<sup>1</sup>of Bologna was probably the first to equalize leg length deliberately. In 1845 he permitted the fragments of a fractured femur to override 3 in. so that the length was equal to that of the other femur, which had been short for 20 years because of a fracture. Impressed by the ease of this procedure, two years later he produced a fracture of the femur with an osteoclast which he devised. By permitting overriding of
Improvement of oral glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes by pyridoxine.
Authors: H J Bennink, W H Schreurs
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Fourteen pregnant women were shown by the oral glucose tolerance test to have gestational diabetes. In 13 an increased urinary xanthurenic-acid excretion after an oral load of L-tryptophan indicated a relative pyridoxine deficiency. All patients were treated with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 100 mg/day for 14 days by mouth, after which the pyridoxine deficiency disappeared and the oral glucose tolerance improved considerably. Only two patients then had sufficiently impaired glucose tolerance to justify the diagnosis of gestational diabetes; Our results substantiated our hypothesis that increased xanthurenic-acid synthesis during pregnancy may cause gestational diabetes. Treatment with vitamin B6 makes the production of xanthurenic-acid normal by restoring tryptophan metabolism and improves the oral glucose tolerance in patients with gestational diabetes.
Urgent: Drug Recall
Authors: Irving M. Bush
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  A physician practicing today must be able to identify rapidly all of the patients receiving a particular drug. It is quick and easy to get information to physicians on drug recalls, side effects, complications arising from prolonged use, or toxic interactions. It is slow and cumbersome to pass this information to the patients it affects. To do a manual search through patient charts is impractical. To depend on memory is unreliable. Only an automated method for tracking patient medication will provide the information in a timely and dependable manner.  To provide this information, we developed an interactive, computerized drug subsystem to perform the following: (1) maintain drug history on all patients, (2) estimate therapeutic success and allow comparison of treatment alternatives, (3) protect against drug interaction, and (4) record allergic reactions. As an additional benefit, we are able to provide patients with computer-produced prescriptions containing detailed instructions
The Physician and Society
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE extent of the obligation of the physician to society was recently discussed at the Royal Society of Medicine when the opening speakers were Drs. Ffrangcon Roberts, E. R. Cullinan and R. R. Bomford. They all agreed that society being a community of individuals, the primary responsibility of the physician is to practice the art of curative clinical medicine. Indeed, this obligation is clearly placed upon every physician by the teaching of Hippocrates, but the modern doctor must also share in activities never dreamed of by his predecessors.Since the end of the eighteenth century health protection by the preventive . . .
Toxoplasma gondii Reactivation Identified by Detection of Parasitemia in Tissue Culture
Authors: DAVID H. SHEPP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Three patients developed acute toxoplasmosis after allogeneic marrow transplantation for treatment of leukemia. In each case, Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from peripheral blood buffy-coat cells inoculated into fibroblast tissue culture after 10 to 39 days of incubation. Serologic studies did not suggest acute toxoplasmosis, but complete autopsies done in two patients showed active invasive disease. Serologic tests done before the transplants showed that these cases resulted from reactivation of latent infection rather than primary disease. Parasitemia is a feature of reactivation toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients that may be identified by recovery of T.gondii from peripheral blood buffy-coat cells in tissue culture.
Quality of Care for Children in Commercial and Medicaid Managed Care
Authors: Joseph W. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

VER THE PAST 3 DECADES, commercial managed care entities have become the primary source of health insurance for privately insured children. 1 State Medicaid programs also have turned to managed care to achieve cost-containment goals and expand services 2,3 through federal waivers 4,5 using commercial entities under contractual arrangements. 6,7Because states recently expanded insurance coverage for children through State Children's Health Insurance Programs, 8 they have enrolled previously uninsured children in commercial delivery systems. 9,10][22][23] The managed care industry has developed a set of reporting requirements for quality assessment-the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS). 24,25Maintained by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), 25 HEDIS contains specified measures and data-collection procedures to provide comparative data on health care quality. 26][30] In its recent report to Congress, the Institute of Medicine called for an examination of health care quality across all governmental programs using such standardized performance indicators. 31he National Report on Healthcare Quality, 32 required annually by Congress through the 1999 Healthcare Research and Quality Act, 33 with the first report scheduled to be issued this year, will present an opportunity to examine and track improvements in QOC.We undertook this study to evaluate what existing health plan performance
Neonatal Exposure to Bisphenol A and Reproductive and Endocrine Alterations Resembling the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Adult Rats
Authors: Marina Fernández, Nadia Bourguignon, Victoria Lux-Lantos, Carlos Libertun
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is a component of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and polystyrene. Several studies have reported potent in vivo effects, because BPA behaves as an estrogen agonist and/or antagonist and as an androgen and thyroid hormone antagonist.We investigated the effects of neonatal exposure to BPA on the reproductive axis in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats.Female rats were injected subcutaneously, daily from postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND10 with BPA in castor oil at 500 microg/50 microL [BPA500; approximately 10-4 M, a dose higher than the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 50 mg/kg], 50 microg/50 microL (BPA50), or 5 microg/50 microL (both BPA50 and BPA5 are doses lower than the LOAEL), or castor oil vehicle alone. In adults we studied a) the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamic explants, b) serum sex hormone levels, and c) ovarian morphology, ovulation, and fertility.Neonatal exposure to BPA was associated with increased serum testosterone and estradiol levels, reduced progesterone in adulthood, and altered in vitro GnRH secretion. Animals exposed to BPA500 had altered ovarian morphology, showing a large number of cysts. Animals exposed to BPA50 had reduced fertility without changes in the number of oocytes on the morning of estrus, whereas animals exposed to BPA500 showed infertility.Exposure to high doses of BPA during the period of brain sexual differentiation altered the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. These results have the potential to link neonatal exposure to high doses of BPA in rats with the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Studies of doses and routes of administration more consistent with human exposures are needed to determine the relevance of these findings to human health.
825. Product Enhanced Reverse Transcriptase (PERT) Assay for RCL/RCR Detection
Authors: Lakshmi Sastry, Yi Xu, Lisa Duffy, Sue Koop, Aparna Jasti, Holger Roehl, Doug Jolly, Kenneth Cornetta
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Product Enhanced Reverse Transcriptase (PERT) assay has been used extensively to detect reverse transcriptase (RT) activity associated with retroviruses. We have assessed the usefulness of the PERT assay for RCL and RCR testing and compared it with existing assays for RCL (p24gag ELISA/gag PCR) and RCR (S+/L|[minus]|) detection. As a first step towards evaluating the usefulness of PERT for RCL detection, we determined the sensitivity of detection of purified and virus associated HIV-RT by PERT. The PERT assay was able to detect |[sim]| 100 molecules of purified HIV-1 RT and 1-0.1 IU of a replication competent HIV-1 virus, R7-GFP, in two independent experiments. In a RCL detection assay comprising of a 3-week amplification phase and a 1-week indicator phase, 1 IU of R7-GFP was detected by all three assays (p24 ELISA, gag PCR and PERT) in spite of higher backgrounds associated with the PERT assay. To provide additional support for the use of PERT for RCL testing, we also examined the effect of competing vector particles on RCL detection by p24 ELISA and PERT. Both assays were able to detect 1 IU of R7-GFP mixed with varying concentrations (100, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 ng of p24) of a HIV-1 vector, CS-CGW (provided by Philip Zoltick, Philadelphia, PA), in the RCL detection assay. These results suggest that the PERT assay is as sensitive as p24gag ELISA and gag PCR for detection of replication competent HIV-1 in a RCL detection assay. For evaluating the ability of the PERT assay to detect RCR, we determined the sensitivity of detection of purified M-MuLV-RT and compared the detection of replication competent retroviruses (GALV-SEATO, RD114, and 4070A) by PERT and S+/L- assays. The PERT assay detected approximately 100 molecules of purified MuLV-RT in three independent experiments. Both assays detected 1 IU of RD114 and 10 IU of 4070A; detection of the GALV-SEATO virus was more sensitive by the S+/L- assay (1-10 IU) than the PERT assay (10-100 IU). These studies indicate that the sensitivity of detection of retroviruses is equivalent by PERT and S+/L- assays. To evaluate the sensitivity of PERT in a RCR detection assay, GALV-SEATO and RD114 viruses were amplified for 3-weeks and serial dilutions of amplified material were tested by S+/L- and PERT assays. Both assays detect 1 IU of RD114 and GALV after the amplification phase suggesting that they have similar sensitivities in an extended RCR assay. In conclusion, the PERT assay can be used for RCL and RCR testing of a variety of retroviral vectors regardless of the structure, sequence, and envelope of the vectors.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODY TO BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN AS DEMONSTRATED BY HEMAGGLUTINATION
Authors: Albert A. Benedict, Ronald J. Brown, Rajalakshmi Ayengar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Rabbit antibovine serum albumin antisera were fractionated by zone electrophoresis on starch, zone ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradients, and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography, and were assayed by the passive HA technique. Antisera had at least two antibodies: one associated with a fraction characterized as a gamma-2 globulin with a sedimentation rate of 7.3S and low anionic binding (fraction I), and one associated with a fraction characterized as a gamma-1 globulin (or beta-globulin) with a sedimentation rate of 20.4S and high anionic binding (fraction IV). The HA titers of fractions I and IV of early sera were approximately equal. On prolonged antigenic stimulation fraction IV agglutinin decreased in concentration and the relative concentration of fraction I agglutinin increased. Chromatographic analysis of hyper-immune sera yielded 2 additional HA fractions with intermediate anionic binding. These results indicated that rabbits synthesize anti-BSA antibodies similar to rabbit anti-cellular antibodies. Rabbit anti-BSA precipitin migrated mainly as a gamma-2 globulin and the agglutinin migrated with gamma- and beta-globulins. The evidence suggested that the HA method might measure antibody not measured by the quantitative precipitin technique.
Primary total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular hip fractures in older patients: systematic review
Authors: C. Hopley, D. Stengel, A. Ekkernkamp, M. Wich
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether total hip arthroplasty is associated with lower reoperation rates, mortality, and complications, and better function and quality of life than hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck in older patients. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials, quasirandomised trials, and cohort studies. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, Cochrane register of controlled trials, publishers' databases, and manual search of bibliographies. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised controlled trials, quasirandomised trials, and cohort studies (retrospective and prospective) comparing hemiarthroplasty with total hip arthroplasty for treating displaced femoral neck fractures in patients aged more than 60 years. <b>Data extraction</b> Relative risks, risk differences, and mean differences from each trial, aggregated using random effects models. Analyses were stratified for experimental and non-experimental designs, and two way sensitivity analyses and tests for interaction were done to assess the influence of various criteria of methodological quality on pooled estimates. <b>Data synthesis</b> 3821 references were identified. Of the 202 full papers inspected, 15 were included (four randomised controlled trials, three quasirandomised trials, and eight retrospective cohort studies, totalling 1890 patients). Meta-analysis of 14 studies showed a lower risk of reoperation after total hip arthroplasty compared with hemiarthroplasty (relative risk 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.96, risk difference 4.4%, 95% confidence interval 0.2% to 8.5%), although this effect was mainly driven by investigations without concealed treatment allocation. Total hip arthroplasty consistently showed better ratings in the Harris hip score (three studies, 246 patients, weighted mean difference 5.4, 95% confidence interval 2.7 to 8.2) after follow-up periods of 12 to 48 months. The standardised mean difference of different scores from five studies was 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.61), indicating a medium functional advantage of total hip arthroplasty over hemiarthroplasty. Total hip arthroplasty was associated with a slightly higher risk of dislocation (relative risk 1.48, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 2.46) and general complications (1.14, 0.87 to 1.48). <b>Conclusion</b> Single stage total hip arthroplasty may lead to lower reoperation rates and better functional outcomes compared with hemiarthroplasty in older patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. However, heterogeneity across the available trials and distinct subgroup effects preclude definitive statements and require further research in this area.
The Birth of a Syndrome
Authors: H. EDWARD HOLLING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

Editorials1 February 1965The Birth of a SyndromeH. EDWARD HOLLING, M.D., F.A.C.P.H. EDWARD HOLLING, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-2-412 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1951, McArdle of Guy's hospital described a patient with intermittent claudication due to the difficulty with which the glycogen in his muscles was broken down. Until that time almost the only known cause of pain in working muscles was a deficiency in their blood supply.As a colleague of McArdle at that time, I remember his patient as a 30-year-old man who complained of pain in his calves and thighs after walking three blocks and muscular pains in his arms caused by manual work. He was a short but otherwise well-formed adult in whom no physical abnormality could be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRhabdomyolysis in Childhood: A Primer on Normal Muscle Function and Selected Metabolic Myopathies Characterized by Disordered Energy Production 1 February 1965Volume 62, Issue 2Page: 412-412KeywordsBirthBloodGlycogensMusclesMyalgiaWalking Issue Published: 1 February 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Depression and Anxiety are Associated with Abnormal Nocturnal Blood Pressure Fall in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Murat Sunbul, Esra Aydın Sunbul, Selcen Dogru Kosker, Erdal Durmus, Tarik Kivrak, Cigdem Ileri, Mustafa Oguz, Ibrahim Sari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors modulate Ca2+ homeostasis and potentiate alcoholic stress and injury in mice and primary mouse and human hepatocytes
Authors: Eddy Kao, Masao Shinohara, Min Feng, Mo Yin Lau, Cheng Ji
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

A portion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients undergoing protease inhibitor (PI) therapy concomitantly consume or abuse alcohol leading to hepatic injury. The underling mechanisms are not known. We hypothesize that HIV PIs aggravate alcohol-induced liver injury through an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mechanism. To address this, we treated mice, primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs), and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) with alcohol and the HIV PIs ritonavir (RIT) and lopinavir (LOP). In mice, RIT and LOP induced mild ER stress and inhibition of sarco/ER calcium-ATPase (SERCA) without significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. However, a single dose of alcohol plus the two HIV PIs caused a more than five-fold increase in serum ALT, a synergistic increase in alcohol-induced liver lipid accumulation and ER stress response, and a decrease of SERCA. Mice treated with chronic HIV PIs and alcohol developed moderate liver fibrosis. In PMHs, the HIV drugs plus alcohol also inhibited SERCA expression and increased expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2, which were accompanied by a synergistic increase in cell death compared with alcohol or the HIV drugs alone. In PHHs, treatment with RIT and LOP or alcohol alone increased messenger RNA of spliced X box-binding protein 1 and decreased SERCA, which were accompanied by reduced levels of intracellular calcium. Alcohol combined with the HIV drugs significantly reduced intracellular calcium levels and potentiated cell death, which was comparable to the cell death caused by the SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin. Conclusion : Our findings suggest the possibility that HIV PIs potentiate alcohol-induced ER stress and injury through modulation of SERCA and maintaining calcium homeostasis could be a therapeutic aim for better care of HIV patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;)
Multiple myeloma expressing CD19+CD56? phenotype
Authors: Naohi Sahara, Michio Ihara, Takaaki Ono, Sadahiro Tamashima, Hirotaka Matsui, Akihiro Takeshita, Ryuzo Ohno
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A 70-year-old woman presented with monoclonal gammopathy, pancytopenia, and renal insufficiency, which were initially refractory to combination chemotherapy by VMMD (vincristine, ranimustine, melphalan, and dexamethasone) and MP (melphalan and prednisolone) regimens. The myeloma cells, which consisted of 73% of bone marrow nucleated cells, expressed CD38+, CD19+, CD56−, CD45−, CD49e−, and MPC-1+ phenotypes by flow cytometric analysis and showed the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene by Southern blotting. By immunostaining, the myeloma cells were positive for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light chain κ. These results suggest that myeloma cells can express CD19+CD56−, the phenotype considered to be expressed on only normal plasma cells. Am. J. Hematol. 64:311–313, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.