tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Care Management for Dependence on Alcohol and Other Drugs
Authors: Richard Saitz, Debbie M. Cheng, Michael Winter, Theresa W. Kim, Seville M. Meli, Don Allensworth-Davies, Christine A. Lloyd-Travaglini, Jeffrey H. Samet
Journal: JAMA (2013)

People with substance dependence have health consequences, high health care utilization, and frequent comorbidity but often receive poor-quality care. Chronic care management (CCM) has been proposed as an approach to improve care and outcomes.To determine whether CCM for alcohol and other drug dependence improves substance use outcomes compared with usual primary care.The AHEAD study, a randomized trial conducted among 563 people with alcohol and other drug dependence at a Boston, Massachusetts, hospital-based primary care practice. Participants were recruited from September 2006 to September 2008 from a freestanding residential detoxification unit and referrals from an urban teaching hospital and advertisements; 95% completed 12-month follow-up.Participants were randomized to receive CCM (n=282) or no CCM (n=281). Chronic care management included longitudinal care coordinated with a primary care clinician; motivational enhancement therapy; relapse prevention counseling; and on-site medical, addiction, and psychiatric treatment, social work assistance, and referrals (including mutual help). The no CCM (control) group received a primary care appointment and a list of treatment resources including a telephone number to arrange counseling.The primary outcome was self-reported abstinence from opioids, stimulants, or heavy drinking. Biomarkers were secondary outcomes.There was no significant difference in abstinence from opioids, stimulants, or heavy drinking between the CCM (44%) and control (42%) groups (adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.65-1.10; P=.21). No significant differences were found for secondary outcomes of addiction severity, health-related quality of life, or drug problems. No subgroup effects were found except among those with alcohol dependence, in whom CCM was associated with fewer alcohol problems (mean score, 10 vs 13; incidence rate ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-1.00; P=.048).Among persons with alcohol and other drug dependence, CCM compared with a primary care appointment but no CCM did not increase self-reported abstinence over 12 months. Whether more intensive or longer-duration CCM is effective requires further investigation.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00278447.
The chemotactic attraction of human fibroblasts to a lymphocyte-derived factor.
Authors: A E Postlethwaite, R Snyderman, A H Kang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

A quantitative assay that measures fibroblast chemotaxis in vitro is described. Application of this technique has revealed that peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by antigen or mitogen in vitro produce a factor that is chemotactic for human dermal fibroblasts. This lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for fibroblasts (LDCF-F) is different from the lymphokine that is chemotactic for monocytes or macrophages. Macrophages are required for the generation of LDCF-F by T lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. The fibroblast chemotactic factor is heat stable (56 degrees C for 30 min), trypsin sensitive, and neuraminidase resistant. LDCF-F could function to attact connective tissue fibroblasts to sites at which cell-mediated immune reactions are occurring in vivo.
Adverse effect of additional weight on exercise against gravity in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease.
Authors: C R Swinburn, B G Cooper, H Mould, P A Corris, G J Gibson
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The effects of an acute, artificially simulated increase in body weight on exercise performance were examined in 14 patients of normal weight (mean (SD) body mass index 22.3 (2.7)), age 61 (8) years) with chronic obstructive airways disease (FEV1 1.2 (0.5) 1; vital capacity (VC) 2.9 (0.6) 1), and in six normal subjects with similar age and sex distribution. The patients performed a six minute walking test and a symptom limited step climbing test both with and without an additional 10 kg weight (two leaded aprons). The normal subjects performed a step test with and without the additional weight. Ventilation (VE) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during step climbing. Resting spirometric values were not altered by the additional weight. In the patients the median number of steps climbed fell from 67.5 when they were unweighted to 44.5 when they were weighted. Mean VE and VO2 were increased during weighted step climbing by 14% and 13% but the maximum levels of VE and VO2 achieved were similar during unweighted and weighted exercise (VE 36.8 (8.6) and 37.3 (10.2) 1 min-1, VO2 1.35 (0.3) and 1.41 (0.4) 1 min-1 respectively). The normal subjects were readily able to complete 150 steps both with and without the additional weight. In the patients the six minute walking distance fell only slightly with the extra weight, from 554 (SD 61) to 540 (62) m. A subsidiary study was carried out in six healthy younger subjects in which VE and VO2 were measured during a 5.6 km/h six minute treadmill walk at zero incline. The additional weight did not alter VE or VO2 during exercise. In conclusion, a small acute increase in body weight substantially worsened the already reduced "uphill" exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease because of its effect on ventilation and oxygen consumption. These results suggest that modest weight loss might benefit patients with chronic obstructive airways disease even though they may be only slightly above their ideal body weight.
A new HLA-linked T cell membrane molecule, related to the beta chain of the clonotypic receptor, is associated with T3.
Authors: Y Bushkin, D N Posnett, B Pernis, C Y Wang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The 38 kD molecule is noncovalently associated with beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m)-free HLA heavy chain-like molecule, and thus forms a second heterodimer distinct from the clonotypic alpha/beta T cell receptor expressed by the same clone of leukemia cells. This second heterodimer (38 kD/HLA) is variably expressed and appears to be associated with the T3 molecule. We suggest, therefore, that it has a functional role in T cell activation.
A Clinically Relevant Androgen Receptor Mutation Confers Resistance to Second-Generation Antiandrogens Enzalutamide and ARN-509
Authors: James D. Joseph, Nhin Lu, Jing Qian, John Sensintaffar, Gang Shao, Dan Brigham, Michael Moon, Edna Chow Maneval, Isan Chen, Beatrice Darimont, Jeffrey H. Hager
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Despite the impressive clinical activity of the second-generation antiandrogens enzalutamide and ARN-509 in patients with prostate cancer, acquired resistance invariably emerges. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying acquired resistance, we developed and characterized cell lines resistant to ARN-509 and enzalutamide. In a subset of cell lines, ARN-509 and enzalutamide exhibit agonist activity due to a missense mutation (F876L) in the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor (AR). AR F876L is sufficient to confer resistance to ARN-509 and enzalutamide in in vitro and in vivo models of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Importantly, the AR F876L mutant is detected in plasma DNA from ARN-509-treated patients with progressive CRPC. Thus, selective outgrowth of AR F876L is a clinically relevant mechanism of second-generation antiandrogen resistance that can potentially be targeted with next-generation antiandrogens.A missense mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor F876L confers resistance to the second-generation antiandrogens enzalutamide and ARN-509 in preclinical models of AR function and prostate cancer and is detected in plasma DNA from ARN-509-treated patients with progressive disease. These results chart a new path for the discovery and development of next-generation antiandrogens that could be coupled with a blood-based companion diagnostic to guide treatment decisions.
Flexor Tendon Injuries
Authors: B. Helal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Both active treatments were significantly better than placebo.The efficacy of the four times daily treatment appeared superior to the twice daily treatment but this find- ing was not statistically significant.In both ibuprofen treat- ment schedules the side effects profile and withdrawal rate were similar.Of the regimens evaluated, ibuprofen 600 mg four times a day is probably the most effective, but for those patients who find this schedule inconvenient, they will still derive significant benefit from ibuprofen 1200 mg twice daily.The findings of this study lead the authors to make the recommendation that in soft tissue injuries to the lateral ligament complex caused by sporting activity a short course of high dose ibuprofen should be considered.
Total serum IgE levels are associated with ambient ozone concentration in asthmatic adults
Authors: E. Rage, B. Jacquemin, R. Nadif, M.‐P. Oryszczyn, V. Siroux, I. Aguilera, F. Kauffmann, N. Künzli
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Effects of air pollution exposure on IgE‐mediated response in asthmatics are poorly investigated. The aim was to examine the relationship between air pollution concentrations and total IgE levels in adult asthmatics. Methods: The present study relates to the 369 asthmatic adults from the French Epidemiological study on Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA), with availability of data on both total serum IgE measurements and air pollution concentrations. Geo‐statistical models were performed on 4 × 4 km grids to assess individual outdoor air pollution exposure. Annual outdoor concentrations of ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), and particulate matter smaller than 10 μm size (PM 10 ), and concentrations of summer ozone were assigned to subject’s home address. Results: The geometric mean of total IgE was 161 IU/ml and the average of O 3 exposure was 44.9 ± 9.5 μg/m 3 . Ozone concentrations were positively related to total IgE levels and an increase of 10 μg/m 3 of O 3 resulted in an increase of 20.4% (95% CI = 3.0–40.7) in total IgE levels. Adjustment for age, gender, smoking habits and previous life in the countryside did not change the results, and an increase of 19.1% (2.4–38.6) in total IgE was observed with O 3 . Negative associations observed between NO 2 and total IgE levels disappeared after including O 3 in the models. Neither SO 2 nor PM 10 were correlated with total IgE levels. Conclusions: Results suggest that O 3 or related ambient pollutants may up‐regulate total IgE levels among asthmatic adults.
Retinoic Acid Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Upregulating TRAIL Receptor 1 Expression
Authors: Latha Dhandapani, Ping Yue, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Fadlo R. Khuri, Shi-Yong Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Many human cancer cells are sensitive to killing by the proapoptotic ligand TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is under study for cancer treatment in clinical trials. The TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R1; also known as death receptor 4) is a transmembrane receptor that mediates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we show that retinoids sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating expression of TRAIL-R1. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) upregulated TRAIL-R1 expression in human cancer cells at the transcriptional level. The ability of ATRA to activate TRAIL-R1 expression was inhibited by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonists or siRNAs, but augmented by several RAR agonists. In analyzing how ATRA induces RAR-dependent transcriptional upregulation of TRAIL-R1, we identified 2 putative retinoic acid response elements termed Pal-17 (a palindrome separated by 17 bases) and DR-11 (a direct repeat separated by 11 bases) in the 5'-flanking region of TRAIL-R1 gene. Deletion of DR-11, but not Pal-17, abrogated the ability of ATRA to stimulate TRAIL-R1 promoter activity. Consistent with this observation, RAR binding to DR-11, but not to Pal-17, was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in ATRA-treated cells, arguing that DR-11 was responsible for ATRA-mediated activation of the TRAIL-R1 gene. ATRA augmented TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells, and this activity was attenuated by a blockade to upregulation of TRAIL-R1 expression. Taken together, our findings establish that ATRA accentuates TRAIL-induced apoptosis, reveal a novel mechanism by which retinoids modulate apoptosis, and suggest a novel strategy to augment the anti-cancer activity of TRAIL.
Strategies for Increasing Recruitment to Randomised Controlled Trials: Systematic Review
Authors: Patrina H. Y. Caldwell, Sana Hamilton, Alvin Tan, Jonathan C. Craig
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background Recruitment of participants into randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is critical for successful trial conduct. Although there have been two previous systematic reviews on related topics, the results (which identified specific interventions) were inconclusive and not generalizable. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of recruitment strategies for participation in RCTs. Methods and Findings A systematic review, using the PRISMA guideline for reporting of systematic reviews, that compared methods of recruiting individual study participants into an actual or mock RCT were included. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and reference lists of relevant studies. From over 16,000 titles or abstracts reviewed, 396 papers were retrieved and 37 studies were included, in which 18,812 of at least 59,354 people approached agreed to participate in a clinical RCT. Recruitment strategies were broadly divided into four groups: novel trial designs (eight studies), recruiter differences (eight studies), incentives (two studies), and provision of trial information (19 studies). Strategies that increased people's awareness of the health problem being studied (e.g., an interactive computer program [relative risk (RR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.18], attendance at an education session [RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.28], addition of a health questionnaire [RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.66]), or a video about the health condition (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11–2.74), and also monetary incentives (RR1.39, 95% CI 1.13–1.64 to RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28–1.84) improved recruitment. Increasing patients' understanding of the trial process, recruiter differences, and various methods of randomisation and consent design did not show a difference in recruitment. Consent rates were also higher for nonblinded trial design, but differential loss to follow up between groups may jeopardise the study findings. The study's main limitation was the necessity of modifying the search strategy with subsequent search updates because of changes in MEDLINE definitions. The abstracts of previous versions of this systematic review were published in 2002 and 2007. Conclusion Recruitment strategies that focus on increasing potential participants' awareness of the health problem being studied, its potential impact on their health, and their engagement in the learning process appeared to increase recruitment to clinical studies. Further trials of recruitment strategies that target engaging participants to increase their awareness of the health problems being studied and the potential impact on their health may confirm this hypothesis. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Hepatic Endothelial CCL25 Mediates the Recruitment of CCR9+ Gut-homing Lymphocytes to the Liver in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Bertus Eksteen, Allister J. Grant, Alice Miles, Stuart M. Curbishley, Patricia F. Lalor, Stefan G. Hübscher, Michael Briskin, Mike Salmon, David H. Adams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic inflammatory liver disease characterized by progressive bile duct destruction, develops as an extra-intestinal complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Chapman, R.W. 1991. Gut. 32:1433–1435). However, the liver and bowel inflammation are rarely concomitant, and PSC can develop in patients whose colons have been removed previously. We hypothesized that PSC is mediated by long-lived memory T cells originally activated in the gut, but able to mediate extra-intestinal inflammation in the absence of active IBD (Grant, A.J., P.F. Lalor, M. Salmi, S. Jalkanen, and D.H. Adams. 2002. Lancet. 359:150–157). In support of this, we show that liver-infiltrating lymphocytes in PSC include mucosal T cells recruited to the liver by aberrant expression of the gut-specific chemokine CCL25 that activates α4β7 binding to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 on the hepatic endothelium. This is the first demonstration in humans that T cells activated in the gut can be recruited to an extra-intestinal site of disease and provides a paradigm to explain the pathogenesis of extra-intestinal complications of IBD.
Ramucirumab versus placebo in combination with second-line FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma that progressed during or after first-line therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine (RAISE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 study
Authors: Josep Tabernero, Takayuki Yoshino, Allen Lee Cohn, Radka Obermannova, Gyorgy Bodoky, Rocio Garcia-Carbonero, Tudor-Eliade Ciuleanu, David C Portnoy, Eric Van Cutsem, Axel Grothey, Jana Prausová, Pilar Garcia-Alfonso, Kentaro Yamazaki, Philip R Clingan, Sara Lonardi, Tae Won Kim, Lorinda Simms, Shao-Chun Chang, Federico Nasroulah
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Synchronous gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other primary cancers: Case series of a single institution experience
Authors: Sheila S. Ferreira, Gustavo Werutsky, Marcelo Garcia Toneto, Jarcedy Machado Alves, Christina Duarte Piantá, Raquel Cristine Breunig, Adriana Brondani da Rocha, Ivana Grivicich, Bernardo Garicochea
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2010)
Repigmentation of hair associated with melanoma in situ of scalp
Authors: Jeffrey B. Tiger, Kaiane A. Habeshian, Dorothea T. Barton, Jeoffry B. Brennick
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)

To the Editor: An 88-year-old woman presented with a slowly darkening patch of previously white hair on her superior scalp (Fig 1). On physical examination, she had an underlying 6.5- × 3-cm scaly, irregularly pigmented plaque on her superior scalp.
Estrogen Contributes to Gender Differences in Mouse Ventricular Repolarization
Authors: Tomoaki Saito, Andrea Ciobotaru, Jean Chrisostome Bopassa, Ligia Toro, Enrico Stefani, Mansoureh Eghbali
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Rationale: Fast-transient outward K + ( I to,f ) and ultrarapid delayed rectifier K + currents ( I K,slow , also known as I Kur ) contribute to mouse cardiac repolarization. Gender studies on these currents have reported conflicting results. Objective: Key missing information in these studies is the estral stage of the animals. We revisited gender-related differences in K + currents, taking into consideration the females’ estral stage. We hypothesized that changes in estrogen levels during the estral cycle could play a role in determining the densities of K + currents underlying ventricular repolarization. Methods and Results: Peak total K + current ( I K,total ) densities (pA/pF, at +40 mV) were much higher in males (48.6±3.0) versus females at estrus (27.2±2.3) but not at diestrus-2 (39.1±3.4). Underlying this change, I to,f and I K,slow were lower in females at estrus versus males and diestrus-2 ( I K,slow : male 21.9±1.8, estrus 14.6±0.6, diestrus-2 20.3±1.4; I to,f : male 26.8±1.9, estrus 14.9±1.6, diestrus-2 22.1±2.1). Lower I K,slow in estrus was attributable to only I K,slow 1 reduction, without changes in I K,slow 2 . Estrogen treatment of ovariectomized mice decreased I K,total (46.4±3.0 to 28.4±1.6), I to,f (26.6±1.6 to 12.8±1.0) and I K,slow (22.2±1.6 to 17.2±1.4). Transcript levels of Kv4.3 and Kv1.5 (underlying I to,f and I K,slow , respectively) were lower in estrus versus diestrus-2 and male. In ovariectomized mice, estrogen treatment resulted in downregulation of Kv4.3 and Kv1.5 but not Kv4.2, KChIP2, or Kv2.1 transcripts. K + current reduction in high estrogenic conditions were associated with prolongation of the action potential duration and corrected QT interval. Conclusion: Downregulation of Kv4.3 and Kv1.5 transcripts by estrogen are one mechanism defining gender-related differences in mouse ventricular repolarization.
Hyperdynamic Circulation of Liver Disease 40 Years Later: Pathophysiology and Clinical Consequences
Authors: Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

HepatologyVolume 20, Issue 5 p. 1359-1363 EditorialFree Access Hyperdynamic circulation of liver disease 40 years later: Pathophysiology and clinical consequences Roberto J. Groszmann M.D., Corresponding Author Roberto J. Groszmann M.D. Professor of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06510, Chief Digestive Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven Connecticut 06516Digestive Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 950 Campbell Ave., West Haven, CT 06516===Search for more papers by this author Roberto J. Groszmann M.D., Corresponding Author Roberto J. Groszmann M.D. Professor of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06510, Chief Digestive Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven Connecticut 06516Digestive Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 950 Campbell Ave., West Haven, CT 06516===Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1994 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840200538Citations: 235AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume20, Issue5November 1994Pages 1359-1363 ReferencesRelatedInformation
von Willebrand factor cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) is deficient in recurrent and familial thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Giuseppe Remuzzi, Miriam Galbusera, Marina Noris, Maria Teresa Canciani, Erica Daina, Elena Bresin, Silvia Contaretti, Jessica Caprioli, Sara Gamba, Piero Ruggenenti, Norberto Perico, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Journal: Blood (2002)