tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alveolar partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen measured by a helium washout technique.
Authors: J Jordanoglou, G Tatsis, J Danos, S Gougoulakis, D Orfanidou, M Gaga
Journal: Thorax (1990)

A non-invasive technique was developed for measuring alveolar carbon dioxide and oxygen tension during tidal breathing. This was achieved by solving the Bohr equations for mean alveolar carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions (PACO2, PAO2) from known values of the dead-space:tidal volume ratio measured by helium washout, and from the mixed expired partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The derived values of wPACO2 and wPAO2 were compared with PaCO2 obtained from arterial gas analysis and PAO2 calculated from the ideal air equation. Four normal subjects and 58 patients were studied. Calculated and measured PCO2 values agreed closely with a difference in mean values (wPACO2 - PaCO2) of 0.01 kPa; the SD of the differences was 0.7 kPa. The difference in mean values between wPAO2 and PAO2 was 0.02 kPa; the SD of the differences was 0.93 kPa. The method is simple and not time consuming, and requires no special cooperation from the patients. It can be applied in the laboratory or at the bedside to any subject breathing tidally. Physiological deadspace:tidal volume ratio, PAO2 and PACO2, static lung volumes, respiratory exchange ratio, carbon dioxide production, oxygen uptake, tidal volume, and total ventilation can be measured with acceptable accuracy and reproducibility in one test. An arterial blood sample is needed initially to provide an independent measure of PaCO2 and for measurement of the alveolar-arterial PO2 difference. Subsequently, PaCO2 can be estimated from wPACO2 sufficiently well for clinical purposes and PaO2 or SaO2 can be monitored by non-invasive methods.
Methacholine induces wheal‐and‐flare reactions in human skin but does not release histamine <i>in vivo</i> as assessed by the skin microdialysis technique
Authors: L.J. Petersen, P. S. Skov
Journal: Allergy (1995)

A number of investigations have indicated that cholinergic agonists release histamine from isolated mast cells and suggested that cholinergic stimulation releases histamine in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the cutaneous wheal‐and‐flare reaction induced by methacholine challenge in human skin involves histamine release as measured by the skin microdialysis technique. Five hollow dialysis fibers were inserted intradermally in forearm skin in eight healthy subjects. Each fiber was perfused with Kreb's‐Ringer bicarbonate at a rate of 3 μl/min. Dialysates were collected in 2‐min fractions before skin challenge and for 20 min after intradermal injection of methacholine 10– ‐3 ‐10 ‐1 M, the vehicle, and a positive control, codeine phosphate 0.3 mg/ml. Histamine was assayed spectrofluorometrically. Methacholine caused a statistically significant dose‐related wheal‐and‐flare reaction, the flare reaction to methacholine 10 ‐1 M being comparable with that seen with codeine 0.3 mg/ml. No significant histamine release was observed with methacholine, cumulative histamine release of 16 ± 8nM by methacholine 10 ‐1 M being similar to vehicle responses of 15 ± 9 nM. Histamine release by codeine was 2524 ± 435 nM. In conclusion, methacholine‐induced wheal‐and‐flare reactions in human skin appeared not to involve histamine release from skin mast cells.
During lymphatic regeneration, precursors for major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T cells appear before alloreactive precursors.
Authors: M Hurme, M Sihvola, B Bång
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Mice were injected with a sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (300 mg/kg), and the appearance of the capacity of the regenerating spleen to form cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in response against 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl-coupled syngeneic cells or against allogeneic cells was followed. It was found that 8 da after Cy injection, the spleen contained cells that could give rise to CTL, but only 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl-specific CTL responses could be obtained at this stage. A low alloresponse was first seen 2 wk after Cy injection.
Interpretation of the Appearances of the Small Pulmonary Blood Vessels in Animals
Authors: P. V. BEST, D. HEATH
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

A study was made of the histology of the small pulmonary blood vessels in uninflated postmortem specimens from the monkey, dog, fox, mouse, rat, rabbit, squirrel, sheep, pig, cow, seal, kitten, eivet, and guinea pig. The small pulmonary arteries appeared unusually muscular compared to those of man, and the increased medial thickness was reminiscent of the medial hypertrophy found as an early change in the human lung in diseases asso ciated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This suggests to us that the histological cri teria usually employed for grade 1 hyperten sive pulmonary vascular disease in man are invalid when applied to lung biopsies from animals used for experiments on the pulmo nary circulation. There is a sphincter-like arrangement of the muscle of the media of the muscular pulmonary arteries of the guinea pig. In the rat, mouse, and squirrel there is an extension of cardiac muscle along the larger intrapulmonary veins. Fibromuscu Ear prominences project into the vein lumen iii the cow and the pig.
Reversible gall bladder dysfunction in severe pancreatic insufficiency.
Authors: A A Masclee, J B Jansen, F H Corstens, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1989)

The present study was undertaken to examine the intestinal phase of cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion and gall bladder contraction in patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency. Plasma CCK concentrations, measured by radioimmunoassay, and gall bladder contraction by cholescintigraphy were studied in response to intraduodenal fat with and without addition of pancreatic enzymes. Fasting plasma CCK concentrations were in the same range in six patients with pancreatic insufficiency with (2.6 (0.2) pmol/l) and without (2.6 (0.3) pmol/l) addition of pancreatic enzymes and in six healthy subjects (2.0 (0.4) pmol/l). The integrated plasma CCK secretion in response to intraduodenal fat was significantly (p less than 0.005) reduced in the patients without addition of enzymes (46 (13) pmol/1.90 min) compared with healthy subjects (199 (22) pmol/1.90 min), but increased significantly (p less than 0.01) by the addition of pancreatic enzymes (174 (25) pmol/1.90 min) to values not significantly different from healthy subjects. Similarly, gall bladder emptying in response to intraduodenal fat was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced in patients with pancreatic insufficiency without addition of enzymes (at 90 min: 35 (11)%) compared with healthy subjects (at 90 min: 66 (7)%) but significantly (p less than 0.01) increased by addition of pancreatic enzymes (at 90 min: 70 (8)%) to values not significantly different from healthy subjects. These results indicate that patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency have impaired gall bladder emptying after intraduodenal fat, which can be normalised by the addition of pancreatic enzymes. This impaired gall bladder emptying appears to be the result of a reduced plasma CCK response. Thus, intra-intestinal pancreatic enzymes play an important role in the intestinal phase of CCK secretion and gall bladder emptying.
<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Impairs Activation of Transcription Factor NF-κB: Involvement in the Induction of Programmed Cell Death and in the Suppression of the Macrophage Tumor Necrosis Factor α Production
Authors: Klaus Ruckdeschel, Suzanne Harb, Andreas Roggenkamp, Mathias Hornef, Robert Zumbihl, Stephan Köhler, Jürgen Heesemann, Bruno Rouot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

In this study, we investigated the activity of transcription factor NF-κB in macrophages infected with Yersinia enterocolitica. Although triggering initially a weak NF-κB signal, Y. enterocolitica inhibited NF-κB activation in murine J774A.1 and peritoneal macrophages within 60 to 90 min. Simultaneously, Y. enterocolitica prevented prolonged degradation of the inhibitory proteins IκB-α and IκB-β observed by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or nonvirulent, plasmid-cured yersiniae. Analysis of different Y. enterocolitica mutants revealed a striking correlation between the abilities of these strains to inhibit NF-κB and to suppress the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production as well as to trigger macrophage apoptosis. When NF-κB activation was prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132, nonvirulent yersiniae as well as LPS became able to trigger J774A.1 cell apoptosis and inhibition of the TNF-α secretion. Y. enterocolitica also impaired the activity of NF-κB in epithelial HeLa cells. Although neither Y. enterocolitica nor TNF-α could induce HeLa cell apoptosis alone, TNF-α provoked apoptosis when activation of NF-κB was inhibited by Yersinia infection or by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Together, these data demonstrate that Y. enterocolitica suppresses cellular activation of NF-κB, which inhibits TNF-α release and triggers apoptosis in macrophages. Our results also suggest that Yersinia infection confers susceptibility to programmed cell death to other cell types, provided that the appropriate death signal is delivered.
Comparative Genomics of Hemiascomycete Yeasts: Genes Involved in DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination
Authors: Guy-Franck Richard, Alix Kerrest, Ingrid Lafontaine, Bernard Dujon
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Among genes conserved from bacteria to mammals are those involved in replicating and repairing DNA. Following the complete sequencing of four hemiascomycetous yeast species during the course of the Genolevures 2 project, we have studied the conservation of 106 genes involved in replication, repair, and recombination in Candida glabrata, Kluyveromyces lactis, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Yarrowia lipolytica and compared them with their Saccharomyces cerevisiae orthologues. We found that proteins belonging to the replication fork and to the nucleotide excision repair pathway were-on the average-more conserved than proteins involved in the checkpoint response to DNA damage or in meiotic recombination. The meiotic recombination proteins Spo11p and Mre11p-Rad50p, involved in making meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs), are conserved as is Mus81p, involved in resolving meiotic recombination intermediates. Interestingly, genes found in organisms in which DSB-repair is required for proper synapsis during meiosis are also found in C. glabrata, K. lactis, and D. hansenii but not in Y. lipolytica, suggesting that two modes of meiotic recombination have been selected during evolution of the hemiascomycetous yeasts. In addition, we found that SGS1 and TOP1, respectively, a DEAD/DEAH helicase and a type I topoisomerase, are duplicated in C. glabrata and that SRS2, a helicase involved in homologous recombination, is tandemly duplicated in K. lactis. Phylogenetic analyses show that the duplicated SGS1 gene evolved faster than the original gene, probably leading to a specialization of function of the duplicated copy.
A Long-Acting Prostacyclin Agonist with Thromboxane Inhibitory Activity for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Masaharu Kataoka, Noritoshi Nagaya, Toru Satoh, Takefumi Itoh, Shinsuke Murakami, Takashi Iwase, Yoshinori Miyahara, Shingo Kyotani, Yoshiki Sakai, Kenji Kangawa, Satoshi Ogawa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

The balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane plays an important role in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone. Recently, we developed ONO-1301, a novel, long-acting prostacyclin agonist with thromboxane synthase inhibitory activity.We investigated whether modulation of prostacyclin/thromboxane balance by ONO-1301 ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.After subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline or vehicle, rats were randomized to receive repeated subcutaneous administration of ONO-1301 or vehicle twice per day for 3 wk.There was significant development of pulmonary hypertension 3 wk after monocrotaline injection. Treatment with ONO-1301 significantly attenuated the increases in right ventricular systolic pressure and ratio of right ventricular weight to body weight in monocrotaline rats. Furthermore, ONO-1301 significantly attenuated the increase in medial wall thickness of peripheral pulmonary arteries in monocrotaline rats. The half-life of plasma ONO-1301 concentration after a single subcutaneous administration was approximately 5.6 h. A single administration of ONO-1301 increased plasma cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate level, which lasted at least up to 8 h. Treatment with ONO-1301 significantly decreased plasma 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, a metabolite of thromboxane, in monocrotaline rats. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that repeated administration of ONO-1301 improved survival rate in monocrotaline rats compared with vehicle administration (80 vs. 30% in 6-wk survival).Subcutaneous administration of a novel prostacyclin agonist (ONO-1301) markedly attenuated monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and improved survival in rats. The beneficial effects of ONO-1301 may occur through its long-lasting stimulation of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate and inhibition of thromboxane synthase.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Eosinophil Accumulation in Rat Skin Is Dependent on α4 Integrin/Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Adhesion Pathways
Authors: Maria-Jesus Sanz, Adele Hartnell, Patricia Chisholm, Cindy Williams, Dawn Davies, Vivian B. Weg, Marc Feldmann, Mark A. Bolanowski, Roy R. Lobb, Sussan Nourshargh
Journal: Blood (1997)
A Bihormonal Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Firas H. El-Khatib, Steven J. Russell, David M. Nathan, Robert G. Sutherlin, Edward R. Damiano
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

An algorithm continuously delivers appropriate insulin and glucagon doses to diabetic patients, maintaining their blood glucose at near-normal values, even after high-carbohydrate meals.
The CD19/CR2/TAPA-1 Complex of B Lymphocytes: Linking Natural to Acquired Immunity
Authors: D T Fearon, R H Carter
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1995)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
IL-15 trans-presentation promotes human NK cell development and differentiation in vivo
Authors: Nicholas D. Huntington, Nicolas Legrand, Nuno L. Alves, Barbara Jaron, Kees Weijer, Ariane Plet, Erwan Corcuff, Erwan Mortier, Yannick Jacques, Hergen Spits, James P. Di Santo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

The in vivo requirements for human natural killer (NK) cell development and differentiation into cytotoxic effectors expressing inhibitory receptors for self–major histocompatability complex class I (MHC-I; killer Ig-like receptors [KIRs]) remain undefined. Here, we dissect the role of interleukin (IL)-15 in human NK cell development using Rag2−/−γc−/− mice transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells. Human NK cell reconstitution was intrinsically low in this model because of the poor reactivity to mouse IL-15. Although exogenous human IL-15 (hIL-15) alone made little improvement, IL-15 coupled to IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) significantly augmented human NK cells. IL-15–IL-15Rα complexes induced extensive NK cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in accumulation of CD16+KIR+ NK cells, which was not uniquely dependent on enhanced survival or preferential responsiveness of this subset to IL-15. Human NK cell differentiation in vivo required hIL-15 and progressed in a linear fashion from CD56hiCD16−KIR− to CD56loCD16+KIR−, and finally to CD56loCD16+KIR+. These data provide the first evidence that IL-15 trans-presentation regulates human NK cell homeostasis. Use of hIL-15 receptor agonists generates a robust humanized immune system model to study human NK cells in vivo. IL-15 receptor agonists may provide therapeutic tools to improve NK cell reconstitution after bone marrow transplants, enhance graft versus leukemia effects, and increase the pool of IL-15–responsive cells during immunotherapy strategies.
AN AUDIO-VISUAL TEACHING UNIT FOR DERMATOLOGY
Authors: R. R. PHILLIPS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article AN AUDIO‐VISUAL TEACHING UNIT FOR DERMATOLOGY Get access R. R. PHILLIPS R. R. PHILLIPS Department of Medical Illustration, Institute of Dermatology, Lisle Street, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 6, 1 June 1968, Page 406, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12327.x Published: 01 June 1968 Article history Accepted: 06 February 1968 Published: 01 June 1968
Activated Murine B Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells Produce a Novel CC Chemokine which Acts Selectively on Activated T Cells
Authors: Christoph Schaniel, Evangelia Pardali, Federica Sallusto, Mattheos Speletas, Christiane Ruedl, Takeyuki Shimizu, Thomas Seidl, Jan Andersson, Fritz Melchers, Antonius G. Rolink, Paschalis Sideras
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Genes were isolated using the suppression subtractive hybridization method by stimulation of pro/pre B cells with anti-CD40 and interleukin (IL)-4 to mature S mu-Sepsilon-switched cells. One of the strongly upregulated genes encodes a novel murine CC chemokine we have named ABCD-1. The ABCD-1 gene has three exons separated by 1. 2- and 2.7-kb introns. It gives rise to a 2.2-kb transcript containing an open reading frame of 276 nucleotides. Two polyadenylation sites are used, giving rise to cDNAs with either 1550 or 1850 bp of 3' untranslated regions. The open reading frame encodes a 24 amino acid-long leader peptide and a 68 amino acid-long mature protein with a predicted molecular mass of 7.8 kD. ABCD-1 mRNA is found in highest quantities in activated splenic B lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Little chemokine mRNA is present in lung, in unstimulated splenic cells, in thymocytes, and in lymph node cells. No ABCD-1 mRNA is detected in bone marrow, liver, kidney, or brain, in peritoneal exudate cells as well as in the majority of all unstimulated B lineage cells tested. It is also undetectable in Concanavalin A-activated/IL-2-restimulated splenic T cells, and in bone marrow-derived IL-2-induced natural killer cells and IL-3-activated macrophages. Recombinant ABCD-1 revealed a concentration-dependent and specific migration of activated splenic T lymphoblasts in chemotaxis assays. FACS(R) analyses of migrated cells showed no preferential difference in migration of CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T cell blasts. Murine as well as human T cells responded to ABCD-1. Freshly isolated cells from bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph node, IL-2-activated NK cells, and LPS-stimulated splenic cells, all did not show any chemotactic response. Thus, ABCD-1 is the first chemokine produced in large amounts by activated B cells and acting selectively on activated T lymphocytes. Therefore, ABCD-1 is expected to play an important role in the collaboration of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes with T cells in immune responses.
Clinical trials in sports physiotherapy. Building on five decades of research to produce even better trials: a critical review and tips for improvements
Authors: Steven J Kamper, Anne M Moseley, Mark R Elkins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

The last decades have seen an enormous shift in the practice of healthcare with widespread acceptance of the evidence-based practice paradigm.1 This change has been accompanied by an increase in the volume of clinical research2 and refinement of our understanding of how research should be conducted and reported.3 Concurrent with these changes, longitudinal analyses have identified improvements in the conduct and reporting of various types of research in many disciplines of healthcare.3–7 However, not all such analyses have identified improvements.8

A recent assessment of reports of randomised trials of physiotherapy interventions9 allows trial reports in sports physiotherapy to be compared to other clinical subdisciplines of physiotherapy, such as musculoskeletal, neurology or cardiorespiratory. Compared to all other physiotherapy trial reports, trials that enrolled sporting participants reported fewer key design features that reflect rigorous methods and allow readers to interpret the research fully. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to highlight the methodological features that are often lacking in sports physiotherapy trial reports, explain their significance and offer suggestions for improving the conduct and reporting of future trials.

Moseley et al 9 examined the conduct and reporting of almost 15 000 trial reports that were fully indexed on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro; http://www.pedro.org.au). When the trial reports were evaluated using items on the PEDro Scale,10 sports physiotherapy trials performed less well on several items in comparison to other subdisciplines. The results are summarised in table 1 along with those for musculoskeletal trials and all trials, for the purposes of comparison.

View this table:

Table 1 
Studies meeting Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) criteria by subdiscipline of physiotherapy



In the following items, sports physiotherapy trial reports rated substantially lower than trial reports from other subdisciplines. For each item, we provided a short explanation and recommendations for improvement.

### Eligibility criteria and source of participants

This item concerns a …
Circulating tumor cells predict progression-free and overall survival in Chinese patients with metastatic breast cancer, HER2-positive or triple-negative (CBCSG004): a multicenter, double-blind, prospective trial
Authors: Z.F. Jiang, M. Cristofanilli, Z.M. Shao, Z.S. Tong, E.W. Song, X.J. Wang, N. Liao, X.C. Hu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, L. Zeng, M. Zhang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)