tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulatory proteins in hamster cardiomyopathy.
Authors: A Malhotra
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We have shown in genetic myopathic hamsters that cardiac myofibrillar ATPase regulation by calcium is altered and that there are shifts in myosin isozyme distribution (V1----V3) suggesting abnormalities in multiple components of the contractile apparatus. To focus more on the regulatory proteins (troponin and tropomyosin), individual proteins of the skeletal and cardiac actomyosin system were reconstituted under controlled conditions. In this way, myosin plus actin and troponin-tropomyosin from the normal and myopathic animals could be studied enzymatically. The proteins were isolated from the skeletal or cardiac muscle of random-bred control and cardiomyopathic hamsters (BIO 53:58) at 7 months of age. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic patterns indicated differences in the troponin I and troponin C regions of myopathic skeletal muscle, but cardiac samples from control and myopathic hamsters showed similarities in their mobilities. This suggests the possibility of different cardiac isozymes in the regulatory protein complex, as reported in our previous studies of cardiac myosin in cardiomyopathy. Calcium sensitivity was markedly decreased in the actomyosin reconstituted with troponin-tropomyosin from skeletal as well as cardiac muscle from myopathic animals. In summary, our data show that the regulatory proteins in skeletal and cardiac muscle of the myopathic hamsters have decreased inhibitory action on Mg2(+)-actomyosin ATPase activity. This loss of calcium regulation along with shifts in cardiac myosin heavy chain may be partially responsible for the impaired cardiac function in the hearts of myopathic hamsters.
Role of Hemochromatosis C282Y and H63D Mutations in <i>HFE</i> Gene in Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Dariusz K. Moczulski, Wladyslaw Grzeszczak, Barbara Gawlik
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In patients with clinical hemochromatosis, the frequency of diabetes ranges from 20 to 50%, and the heterozygosity for the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene might be associated with an increased risk for diabetes. There are also some reports that suggest that iron overload might cause diabetic nephropathy.We performed an association study to assess the role of the C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Altogether, 563 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. In the analyzed group, 108 patients had overt proteinuria, 154 had microalbuminuria, and 301 had normoalbuminuria. Among the patients with normoalbuminuria, only those with known diabetes duration > or = 10 years were considered normoalbuminuric (n = 162). A total of 196 unrelated healthy subjects were used as a control group. All subjects were genotyped for C282Y and H63D using the polymerase chain reaction-based protocol.There was an increased frequency of 282Y allele carriers among patients with type 2 diabetes versus healthy control subjects (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.6-17.3). We observed an increased frequency of the 63D allele carriers among patients with diabetic nephropathy (1.8, 1.2-2.8).In conclusion, our study is the first to indicate that being a carrier of the H63D hemochromatosis mutation is a risk factor for nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. We also confirmed previous observations that the frequency of the 282Y mutation was higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than it was in the general population of healthy subjects.
THE RELEVANCE OF SKIN SURFACE LIPIDS TO ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: W. J. CUNLIFFE, J. A. COTTERILL, B. WILLIAMSON, R. A. FORSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article THE RELEVANCE OF SKIN SURFACE LIPIDS TO ACNE VULGARIS Get access W. J. CUNLIFFE, W. J. CUNLIFFE Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds; St James's (University) Hospital, Leeds; Harrogate General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. A. COTTERILL, J. A. COTTERILL Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds; St James's (University) Hospital, Leeds; Harrogate General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. WILLIAMSON, B. WILLIAMSON Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds; St James's (University) Hospital, Leeds; Harrogate General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. A. FORSTER R. A. FORSTER Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds; St James's (University) Hospital, Leeds; Harrogate General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue s8, 1 June 1972, Pages 10–15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb15408.x Published: 01 June 1972
BACTERIOSTATIC EFFECT OF HUMAN SERA ON GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Sidney Rothbard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

1. Heparin was more satisfactory for preventing blood from clotting than defibrination, potassium and ammonium oxalate, or sodium citrate in bacteriostasis of group A streptococci in the presence of streptococcal antibodies in convalescent serum. 2. Blood from rabbit, guinea pig, or sheep could not be substituted for human blood in promoting bacteriostasis when human antibody was used. Mixtures of human leukocytes and plasma of each of these animals or of animal leukocytes and human plasma were also not effective with human antibody. 3. Complement, leukocytes, and a thermostable factor which was found in human plasma were essential in the indirect bacteriostatic technique employed for the inhibition of streptococcal growth in the presence of convalescent human serum. 4. The thermostable component was active in human serum, as well as in plasma, in 1:12 dilution, withstood storage at 4 degrees C. for at least 7 weeks, and was destroyed by heating at 70 degrees C. for 30 minutes.
VERDICTS OBTAINED THROUGH PERJURY.
Authors: C. B. KIBLER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In presenting briefly a line of thought that might perchance be the means of bringing out a theme for discussion from the Fellows present, I present a subject that has not, to my knowledge, been even briefly presented before any body of railway surgeons, or before any medico-legal society up to this time. If such has been the case, I am free to say it has entirely escaped my observation. It is barely possible that the theme lacks in interest, and perhaps is untenable. Yet it has occurred to me upon many occasions, when a claimant has procured a fat verdict from some innocent corporation, with the merits of the case built entirely upon air, together with the malingering symptoms set up by the claimant, prompted by the ever ready advice of his unscruplous legal adviser, who perchance has taken the case on commission, or on the coöperative system, that
Increased circulating 92 kDa matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity in exacerbations of asthma
Authors: Y Oshita
Journal: Thorax (2003)

The 72 kDa matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and the 92 kDa matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are type IV collagenases implicated in various aspects of inflammation including accumulation of inflammatory cells, tissue injury, and development of remodelling. The role of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbations is unknown.Circulating levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins and the expression of their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), were measured in 21 patients experiencing an asthma exacerbation and 21 age matched patients with stable asthma. Circulating gelatinolytic activity was compared during the asthma exacerbation and during subsequent convalescence by gelatin zymography in the same individuals. In addition, MMP-9 specific activity was quantified with a colorimetric assay which uses an artificial proenzyme containing a specific domain recognised by MMP-9 in the same paired samples.A significant increase in the circulating level of MMP-9 was seen in patients with an asthma exacerbation compared with patients with stable asthma (202.9 (22.0) v 107.7 (9.9) ng/ml, p=0.0003). There were no significant differences in the circulating levels of MMP-2 or TIMP-1. Gelatin zymography identified two major circulating gelatinolytic activities corresponding to MMP-2 and MMP-9, and showed that asthma exacerbations are characterised by markedly increased MMP-9 activity with no significant change in MMP-2 activity compared with the activities during convalescence in the same individuals. Direct measurement showed that MMP-9 specific activity is significantly increased during asthma exacerbations compared with subsequent convalescence (269.6 (31.7) v 170.4 (12.6) ng/ml, p=0.0099).Asthma exacerbations are characterised by increased circulating MMP-9 activity. This increased activity may be related to exaggerated airway inflammation and airway remodelling.
Cardiac Performance after Open Intracardiac Surgery
Authors: JOHN W. KIRKLIN, RICHARD A. THEYE
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Cardiac output and related variables were measured in patients after open intracardiac surgery. Factors affecting cardiac performance during this period were the original anatomic lesions, the details of the operative procedure, ventricular-outflow resistance, transfusion of blood, the stage of convalescence, and digitalis. In postoperative patients, metabolic rate, level of hemoglobin, and level of oxygen in arterial blood varied more widely and acutely than in nonsurgical patients, resulting in a less predictable relation between cardiac output and oxygen saturation of mixed venous blood. Therapeutic applications of these observations were discussed.
Case 47-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Alan H. Robbins, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of CaseA 29-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a left thoracoabdominal mass.She was well until 18 months earlier, when she began to experience discomfort in the left flank during her first pregnancy. Three months later her son was delivered. The child was breast-fed for the first five months, and then bottle feedings were substituted. Lactation persisted, with amenorrhea. The discomfort in the left flank progressed to local pain and tenderness and was accompanied by a marked decrease in libido. Six months before entry an obstetrician administered a single dose of medroxyprogesterone acetate, which was . . .
Effect of Pulmonary Blood Flow upon Lung Mechanics*
Authors: Stanley Giannelli, Stephen M. Ayres, M. E. Buehler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Airway pressure was continuously recorded in an isolated horizontally mounted canine heart-lung preparation during abrupt, stepwise 100-200 ml inflations to 20-25 cm water pressure, and subsequent deflations. With each change in volume there was a steep rise or fall in pressure, followed by stress relaxation to a static equilibrium airway pressure. Comparison was made between the nonperfused state and during perfusion with whole blood at 100 ml/kg dog wt per min, and left atrial pressure of 10 mm Hg. Pressure tracings were similar during deflation in the perfused and the nonperfused lung. During inflation, in the middle range of lung inflation volumes, the peak inflation and equilibrium airway pressures were greater in the nonperfused state; maximum difference of static pressures in nine preparations averaged 146% of perfused values and the average stress relaxation difference from eight of these was 276%. Lung distensibility was the same with packed red cells or plasma perfusates and was not changed by varying the perfusion rate up to 220 ml/kg per min. During cyclic ventilation, dynamic compliance was similarly greater in the perfused than in the nonperfused state in the middle range of inflation volumes. Static distention of the vascular bed produced similar results with progressive improvement in distensibility in mid-inflation range up to a hydrostatic pressure of 15 cm blood. These data suggest that the distended pulmonary vascular bed provides structural airway support which facilitates entry of gas into the terminal respiratory units at diminished pressure.
Palmar Lesions in Familial Benign Pemphigus
Authors: Julian L. Verbov
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article Palmar Lesions in Familial Benign Pemphigus Get access Julian L. Verbov Julian L. Verbov Department of Dermatology St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E. C. I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 January 1969, Page 77, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15926.x Published: 01 January 1969
Trisenox® (arsenic trioxide) in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Preliminary Results of a Phase I/II Study.
Authors: Norbert Vey, Francois Dreyfus, Agnes Guerci, Pierre Fenaux, Herve Dombret, Alan K. Burnett, Andre Bosly, Walter Feremans, David T. Bowen, Marja Heiskala
Journal: Blood (2004)
Diuresis Related to Cold Exposure-Reply
Authors: Andrew J. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the opportunity to reply to Drs Reed and Shakir, who question whether cold exposure during the Mt Everest expedition might account for our reported data. While we have no information about the subjects' core temperatures, we have no reason to believe that these were substantially reduced. All subjects were fully dressed and slept overnight in tents in sleeping bags. Serum samples were collected in a heated tent. Moreover, despite possible differences in ambient temperature between the altitudes of 5,400 and 6,300 m, there is no reason to believe that there were changes in core temperature. Nevertheless, our data show a progressive increase in urinary volume and serum osmolality over the range of the three altitudes studied. The absence of a concomitant increment in plasma or urinary vasopressin levels suggests interruption of the normal osmoregulatory system. In this regard, the references cited by Drs Reed and Shakir
Successful Treatment of an Angiogenic Disease
Authors: Judah Folkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

A hypothesis was proposed in the Journal in 1971 that the growth of tumors depends on angiogenesis.1 This concept is now widely accepted because of supporting data from experimental studies and clinical observations carried out over the intervening years.2 These studies led to the discovery of angiogenic polypeptides, the elucidation of their complete amino acid sequences, and the cloning of their genes.2 The angiogenic proteins range in molecular weight from 5500 to 45,000 and can be classified according to their effects on vascular endothelium. Some, such as platelet-derived endothelial-cell growth factor (PD-ECGF),3 are mitogenic, chemotactic, or both in a manner . . .
Letter: Duration of action of practolol.
Authors: D Hunt, C McRae, J Ramshaw, G Sloman
Journal: BMJ (1975)

analysed were remarkably rich in linoleic acid (see table), a finding which was ex- plained by the fact that these patients, mostly on their own initiative, were taking four to six spoonfuls of sunflower seed oil a day; about 65% of the fatty acids of sun- flower seed oil is linoleic acid.The trials by Mertin et al.2 were carried out between October and December 1973.Mean Linoleate Content (as%wlw of Total Fatty Acids ± S.E.M.) Fats in Plasma of Normal Subjects and Patients with M.S.Normal M.S.1.M.S.2.Phospholipid 17 6±1-64 13-7±1-6 26-9±1-1 (n = 11) (n = 7) (n = 12) Triglyceride 11-0 ±0-8 7-86 ±0-71 26-8 ±3-1(n = 14) (n = 6) (n = 12) M.S. 1 refers to patients who claimed they were not taking sunflower seed oil.The M.S.2 group represents those patients who had been taking sunflower seed oil for at least one month (data from 1973).Medication with sunflower seed oil can clearly be expected to increase the plasma linoleate.The macrophage electrophoretic mobility test is unlikely to give a high degree of inhibition by linoleic acid if the macro- phages have been taken from blood which is rich in linoleic acid itself.Perhaps the only way to resolve the issue would be to relate electrophoretic mobility to plasma linoleate content.-Weare, etc.
The Naturalness of Dying
Authors: J D McCue
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We agree with the concerns expressed by Dr McCue<sup>1</sup>that physicians may complicate the process of "natural" death by overuse of diagnostic procedures and treatments. This may reduce quality of life and dehumanize dying persons, at considerable cost to society. However, we reject the notion that marked intellectual and motivational losses, anorexia, and "senility" are natural parts of the aging process. This represents resurrection of an old, discredited, and erroneous view of aging.<sup>2</sup> "Natural" infirmity and decline in "old age" (whichever decade that might be) is a myth. While dementia is a significant problem in the elderly, a majority of octogenarians and nonagenarians have intact mental faculties.<sup>3</sup>Furthermore, among elderly individuals who die with intellectual decline, postmortem examination reveals pathologic changes in the brain indicating specific nervous system diseases that would account for the symptoms in more than 90% of the cases.<sup>4,5</sup> The
Interventional Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease and Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: S. B. King, B. Meier
Journal: Circulation (2000)

In 1950, the ground for catheter-based interventions in peripheral or coronary arteries was laid (Table⇓), but no activity had started.1 

View this table:

 Table 1.  
Milestones for Human Cardiovascular Catheterizations up to 1950



In 1958, Mason Sones and his colleagues developed selective coronary angiography and published it as an abstract in Circulation .2 As a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic, he performed angiography of the aortic root in a patient with valvular heart disease. Looking directly into the x-ray beam, as was customary in the era before image intensifiers coupled to television systems (Figure 1⇓), Sones recognized that the catheter had inadvertently slipped into the right coronary artery. The patient had transient asystole but no ventricular fibrillation. The high-quality picture of the right coronary artery obtained ushered in the era of selective coronary angiography. Sones subsequently refined this technique for routine use through a cut-down of the brachial artery. In parallel, Kurt Amplatz3 and Melvin Judkins4 further developed the technique using a femoral approach made possible by the Seldinger technique, introduced in 1953.5  Figure 1.  
Figure 1⇓. F. Mason Sones (1919–1985) in the catheterization laboratory in Cleveland.



The turn from purely diagnostic procedures to therapeutic interventions was launched in 1964 by Charles Dotter.6 In collaboration with Judkins at the University of Oregon in Portland, the vascular radiologist Dotter used coaxial catheters of increasing diameters to “bougie” narrowed leg arteries in patients with peripheral artery disease, analogous to the Benique technique for the urethra of 1846. The method failed to reach general acceptance, for several reasons. First, the dominance of vascular surgeons in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease in the United States invited a strong opposition to any nonsurgical therapeutic technique. Second, the method was quite crude and fraught with a considerable percentage of failures and complications. …
THE CONSERVATIVE ATTITUDE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PYOGENIC INFECTIONS
Authors: C. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1935)

The conservative attitude in the early treatment of acute surgical infections such as carbuncles, cellulitis, lymphangitis, and infections of the hand and face is not well enough understood or appreciated.Premature and un- necessary incisons are far too often made; adjuvant non- operative treatment is too often neglected.Conditions which frequently go on to suppuration and, in a small proportion of cases, to very grave complications, produce a perplexity in the practitfoner's mind as to what early
Exploring Accountability of Clinical Ethics Consultants: Practice and Training Implications
Authors: Kathryn L. Weise, Barbara J. Daly
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Clinical ethics consultants represent a multidisciplinary group of scholars and practitioners with varied training backgrounds, who are integrated into a medical environment to assist in the provision of ethically supportable care. Little has been written about the degree to which such consultants are accountable for the patient care outcome of the advice given. We propose a model for examining degrees of internally motivated accountability that range from restricted to unbounded accountability, and support balanced accountability as a goal for practice. Finally, we explore implications of this model for training of clinical ethics consultants from diverse academic backgrounds, including those disciplines that do not have a formal code of ethics relating to clinical practice.
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex and the Normal Hosts
Authors: Michael D. Iseman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

IN an era that has seen the recognition of important new infectious diseases and syndromes such as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), legionellosis, and toxic shock, and the subsidence of venerable infectious disorders such as smallpox, polio, and streptococcal-induced acute rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis, it should come as no surprise that another battle is being joined between humanity and microbes. In this issue of the Journal, Prince and colleagues1 report on a series of patients from two hospitals in the Philadelphia area who had pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex. Several aspects of their experience merit discussion.First, . . .
Regulation of rat biliary cholesterol secretion by agents that alter intrahepatic cholesterol metabolism. Evidence for a distinct biliary precursor pool.
Authors: B G Stone, S K Erickson, W Y Craig, A D Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Propensity for cholesterol gallstone formation is determined in part by biliary cholesterol content relative to bile salts and phospholipid. We examined the hypothesis that the rate of biliary cholesterol secretion can be controlled by availability of an hepatic metabolically active free cholesterol pool whose size is determined in part by rates of sterol synthesis, as reflected by activity of the primary rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase and of sterol esterification, as reflected by the activity of the enzyme acyl coenzyme A/cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Rats were prepared with biliary, venous, and duodenal catheters. The enterohepatic circulation of biliary lipids was maintained constant by infusion of a bile salt, lecithin, cholesterol replacement solution. Administration of 25-hydroxycholesterol decreased HMG CoA reductase activity, increased ACAT activity, and decreased biliary cholesterol output 26% by 1 h. By 2 h, ACAT activity and biliary cholesterol secretion were at control levels. Administration of mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, had no effect on ACAT activity and decreased biliary cholesterol secretion 16%. Administration of progesterone, an inhibitor of ACAT, had no effect on HMG CoA reductase and increased biliary cholesterol output 32% at 1 h. By 2 h, all parameters were near control levels. None of these agents had any significant effect on biliary bile salt or phospholipid secretion. Thus, acutely altering rates of esterification and/or synthesis can have profound effects on biliary cholesterol secretion independent of the other biliary lipids. These experiments suggest the existence of a metabolically active pool of free cholesterol that serves as a precursor pool for biliary cholesterol secretion. Furthermore, the size of this precursor pool is determined in part both by rates of cholesterol synthesis and esterification and is a key determinant of biliary cholesterol secretion.