tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin on Antibody Response in Typhoid-Paratyphoid Fever
Authors: R. Robertson, M. F. Abdel Wahab
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Antibody response in 89 patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fever was related to therapy with chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Both maximum titers and significant changes in titers (as measured by the Widal reaction) were compared in the two drug groups. In enteric fever, chloramphenicol did not consistently and significantly inhibit antibody formation as has been described in experimental infection, nor could complications of enteric fever be related to inhibition of antibody formation in either group. Chloramphenicol does not inhibit antibody formation in enteric fever to a greater degree than any effective mode of therapy, and the popular hypothesis of chloramphenicol inhibition of antibody formation in enteric fever is erroneous.
Antiparasitic Chemotherapy: From Genomes to Mechanisms
Authors: David Horn, Manoj T. Duraisingh
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2013)

Owing to the absence of antiparasitic vaccines and the constant threat of drug resistance, the development of novel antiparasitic chemotherapies remains of major importance for disease control. A better understanding of drug transport (uptake and efflux), drug metabolism and the identification of drug targets, and mechanisms of drug resistance would facilitate the development of more effective therapies. Here, we focus on malaria and African trypanosomiasis. We review existing drugs and drug development, emphasizing high-throughput genomic and genetic approaches, which hold great promise for elucidating antiparasitic mechanisms. We describe the approaches and technologies that have been influential for each parasite and develop new ideas for future research directions, including mode-of-action studies for drug target deconvolution.
Porphyria cutanea tarda in a patient on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: J C Ruggian, S Fishbane, F J Demento, J K Maesaka, G L Frei
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Porphyria cutanea tarda is a disorder of heme biosynthesis resulting from a defect or deficiency in the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Heme precursors accumulate in the blood, urine, stool, and skin, where exposure to sunlight results in the clinical manifestations. Porphyria cutanea tarda has been described in adult hemodialysis patients. The pathogenesis of porphyria cutanea tarda in this population is thought to be related to the inability of hemodialysis to adequately clear porphyrin precursors, resulting in increased precursor serum levels, precursor skin deposition, and subsequent clinical manifestations. A proper diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda in hemodialysis patients requires fractionation of serum porphyrins. Normalization of the porphyrin profile and reversal of the dermal manifestations require the withdrawal of hepatotoxic agents and the reversal of hepatic iron overload. A case of porphyria cutanea tarda in an adult ESRD patient treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is described. In this patient, the disease was related to elevated serum levels of phenytoin, which had been administered for seizure disorder.
Pulmonary endothelial pavement patterns.
Authors: G Kibria, D Heath, P Smith, R Biggar
Journal: Thorax (1980)

The appearance of the endothelial pavement pattern was studied in the pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, aorta, and inferior vena cava of the rat by means of silver staining of the cell borders. The endothelial cell in each of the four blood vessels was found to have its own distinctive shape, fusiform and pointed in the direction of blood flow in the case of the aorta and larger and more rectangular in the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins. Detailed quantitation of the dimensions and surface area of the endothelial cells in each blood vessel was carried out by a photographic technique. Pulmonary hypertension was induced in one group of rats by feeding them on Crotalaria spectabilis seeds. The endothelial pavement pattern in their pulmonary trunks became disrupted with many of the cells assuming a fusiform shape reminiscent of aortic endothelium. Many small, new endothelial cells formed in the pulmonary trunk suggesting division of cells to line the enlarging blood vessels. In contrast the endothelial cells of the inferior vena cava merely increased in size to cope with the dilatation of this vein.
CD44 and its ligand hyaluronate mediate rolling under physiologic flow: a novel lymphocyte-endothelial cell primary adhesion pathway.
Authors: H C DeGrendele, P Estess, L J Picker, M H Siegelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The extravasation of leukocytes from the blood into tissues occurs as a multistep process: an initial transient interaction ("rolling"), generally thought to be mediated by the selectin family of adhesion molecules, followed by firm adhesion, usually mediated by integrins. Using a parallel plate flow chamber designed to approximate physiologic flow in postcapillary venules, we have characterized a rolling interaction between lymphoid cells and adherent primary and cultured endothelial cells that is not selectin mediated. Studies using blocking monoclonal antibodies indicate that this novel interaction is mediated by CD44. Abrogation of the rolling interaction could be specifically achieved using both soluble hyaluronate (HA) and treatment of the adherent cells with HA-reactive substances, indicating that HA is the ligand supporting this rolling interaction. Some B and T cell lines, as well as normal lymphocytes, either constitutively exhibit rolling or can be induced to do so by phorbol ester or in vivo antigen activation. These studies indicate that CD44 and its principal ligand hyaluronate represent another receptor/carbohydrate ligand pair mediating a novel activation-dependent pathway of lymphocyte/endothelial cell adhesion.
Prospective study of alcohol drinking patterns and coronary heart disease in women and men
Authors: Janne Tolstrup, Majken K Jensen, Tjønneland Anne, Kim Overvad, Kenneth J Mukamal, Morten Grønbæk
Journal: BMJ (2006)

To determine the association between alcohol drinking patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in women and men.Population based cohort study.Denmark, 1993-2002.28 448 women and 25 052 men aged 50-65 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease at entry to the study.Incidence of coronary heart disease occurring during a median follow-up period of 5.7 years.749 and 1283 coronary heart disease events occurred among women and men. Women who drank alcohol on at least one day a week had a lower risk of coronary heart disease than women who drank alcohol on less than one day a week. Little difference was found, however, between drinking frequency: one day a week (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.81), 2-4 days a week (0.63, 0.52 to 0.77), five or six days a week (0.79, 0.61 to 1.03), and seven days a week (0.65, 0.51 to 0.84). For men an inverse association was found between drinking frequency and risk of coronary heart disease across the entire range of drinking frequencies. The lowest risk was observed among men who drank daily (0.59, 0.48 to 0.71) compared with men who drank alcohol on less than one day a week.Among women alcohol intake may be the primary determinant of the inverse association between drinking alcohol and risk of coronary heart disease whereas among men, drinking frequency, not alcohol intake, seems more important.
Persistence of infectious hepadnavirus in the offspring of woodchuck mothers recovered from viral hepatitis
Authors: Carla S. Coffin, Tomasz I. Michalak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Mother-to-child transmission is an important route for hepatitis B virus (HBV) dissemination. It has been established that HBV traces persist for years after complete clinical recovery from hepatitis B. Similarly, resolution of hepatitis caused by HBV-related woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is followed by occult lifelong carriage of pathogenic virus. In this study, we documented that WHV persisting after termination of acute hepatitis is transmittable to newborns as an asymptomatic long-term infection. All 11 offspring from 4 dams studied carried transcriptionally active WHV genomes for 3.5 years after birth without immunovirological markers of infection. WHV genomes and mRNA were detected both in the liver and lymphoid tissue in the majority of offspring; WHV covalently closed circular DNA was detected in some samples. In 4 offspring, however, the virus was restricted to the lymphatic system. In the circulation, WHV DNA-reactive particles were DNase resistant and of comparable size and density to complete virions. Importantly, the virus in offspring with or without hepatic WHV DNA expression was infectious to WHV-naive woodchucks. Finally, offspring challenged with WHV were not protected against reinfection. These findings show that mothers with occult hepadnaviral carriage transmit pathogenic virus to their offspring, inducing a persistent infection invariably within the lymphatic system but not always in the liver.
IgE allergen component-based profiling and atopic manifestations in patients with Netherton syndrome
Authors: Katariina Hannula-Jouppi, Satu-Leena Laasanen, Hannele Heikkilä, Mirja Tuomiranta, Marja-Leena Tuomi, Sirpa Hilvo, Nicolas Kluger, Sirpa Kivirikko, Alain Hovnanian, Soili Mäkinen-Kiljunen, Annamari Ranki
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Cystatin C versus Creatinine in Determining Risk Based on Kidney Function
Authors: Michael G Shlipak, Kunihiro Matsushita, Johan Ärnlöv, Lesley A Inker, Ronit Katz, Kevan R Polkinghorne, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Mark J Sarnak, Brad C Astor, Josef Coresh, Andrew S Levey, Ron T Gansevoort
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Adding the measurement of cystatin C to that of serum creatinine to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improves accuracy, but the effect on detection, staging, and risk classification of chronic kidney disease across diverse populations has not been determined.We performed a meta-analysis of 11 general-population studies (with 90,750 participants) and 5 studies of cohorts with chronic kidney disease (2960 participants) for whom standardized measurements of serum creatinine and cystatin C were available. We compared the association of the eGFR, as calculated by the measurement of creatinine or cystatin C alone or in combination with creatinine, with the rates of death (13,202 deaths in 15 cohorts), death from cardiovascular causes (3471 in 12 cohorts), and end-stage renal disease (1654 cases in 7 cohorts) and assessed improvement in reclassification with the use of cystatin C.In the general-population cohorts, the prevalence of an eGFR of less than 60 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area was higher with the cystatin C-based eGFR than with the creatinine-based eGFR (13.7% vs. 9.7%). Across all eGFR categories, the reclassification of the eGFR to a higher value with the measurement of cystatin C, as compared with creatinine, was associated with a reduced risk of all three study outcomes, and reclassification to a lower eGFR was associated with an increased risk. The net reclassification improvement with the measurement of cystatin C, as compared with creatinine, was 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 0.28) for death and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.21) for end-stage renal disease. Results were generally similar for the five cohorts with chronic kidney disease and when both creatinine and cystatin C were used to calculate the eGFR.The use of cystatin C alone or in combination with creatinine strengthens the association between the eGFR and the risks of death and end-stage renal disease across diverse populations. (Funded by the National Kidney Foundation and others.).
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis as a manifestation of chronic lung rejection?
Authors: Takako Hirota, Masaki Fujita, Takemasa Matsumoto, Takao Higuchi, Takeshi Shiraishi, Masato Minami, Meinoshin Okumura, Kazuki Nabeshima, Kentaro Watanabe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

coughing rather than causal.
Reflex influences on renal nerve activity characteristics in nephrosis and heart failure.
Authors: G F Dibona, S Y Jones, L L Sawin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Cardiac baroreflex regulation of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) is abnormal in nephrotic syndrome (NS). The purpose of the present study was to examine the responses of amplitude and frequency of synchronized ERSNA discharge in anesthetized NS rats subjected to reflex maneuvers that alter the activity of and the interaction between aortic and cardiac baroreceptors. Steady-state ERSNA was analyzed in three groups of anesthetized rats: control, NS, and congestive heart failure (CHF) (in the latter, the defect in cardiac baroreflex regulation of ERSNA is peripheral rather than central). In protocol A, analysis was performed during control, after bilateral aortic depressor nerve section, after bilateral cervical vagus nerve section, and during central vagus nerve stimulation (VAGSTIM). In protocol B, analysis was performed during control, after bilateral cervical vagus nerve section, after bilateral aortic depressor nerve section, and during central aortic depressor nerve stimulation. In protocol A, VAGSTIM decreased ERSNA and peak height (fewer active fibers), but not peak frequency, in control and CHF but not NS rats. In NS rats, this lack of effect of VAGSTIM was specific for ERSNA, because depressor and bradycardia responses to VAGSTIM were unaffected. In protocol B, central aortic depressor nerve stimulation decreased ERSNA and peak height, but not peak frequency, in control, CHF, and NS rats similarly. It is concluded that the defect in cardiac baroreflex function in NS is specific for ERSNA, is central rather than peripheral, and affects the number of active renal sympathetic nerve fibers rather than their firing frequency.
THE EFFECTS OF PARATHORMONE AND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE ON THE BONES OF RABBITS
Authors: Henry L. Jaffe, Aaron Bodansky, John E. Blair
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. A very large single dose of parathormone produced rapid and extensive decalcification of the bones of a young rabbit. 2. Gradually increased doses of parathormone failed to produce significant changes in the bones of young and fully grown adult rabbits. 3. Ammonium chloride, administered by stomach tube was without effect on the bones, when given to rabbits treated with parathormone or to otherwise untreated rabbits. 4. Calcium lactate did not promote the appearance of signs of parathormone overdosage in rabbits during treatment, nor were metastatic calcifications observed in the soft tissues after termination of the experiment. 5. The rabbit is relatively very resistant to the decalcifying effects of gradually increased repeated doses of parathormone, and therefore is not satisfactory material for experimental studies of bone changes of chronic hyperparathyroidism. 6. The appearance of actively transforming bones of a young growing rabbit, particularly at the sites of rapid growth, is not to be confused with the more severe fibrous processes produced by parathormone in guinea pigs, dogs and rats.
Cognitive coordination deficits: A necessary but not sufficient factor in the development of schizophrenia
Authors: Diane C. Gooding, Jacqueline G. Braun
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract The Phillips &amp; Silverstein model of NMDA-mediated coordination deficits provides a useful heuristic for the study of schizophrenic cognition. However, the model does not specifically account for the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The P&amp;S model is compared to Meehl's seminal model of schizotaxia, schizotypy, and schizophrenia, as well as the model of schizophrenic cognitive dysfunction posited by McCarley and colleagues.
Management of ovarian endometriomas
Authors: C. Chapron
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2002)

The efficiency of medical therapy as a unique treatment for endometrioma has not been demonstrated. Operative laparoscopic management is the ‘gold standard’ for surgical treatment, and there are no indications to prescribe medical treatment before cystectomy. Post-operative administration of low-dose cyclic oral contraceptives does not significantly affect the long-term recurrence of endometriosis after surgical treatment. In case of infertility, the management of endometriomas is controversial. Recurrent ovarian surgery is not recommended.
CD9, a key actor in the dissemination of lymphoblastic leukemia, modulating CXCR4-mediated migration via RAC1 signaling
Authors: Marie-Pierre Arnaud, Audrey Vallée, Guillaume Robert, Jacinthe Bonneau, Christine Leroy, Nadine Varin-Blank, Anne-Gaëlle Rio, Marie-Bérengère Troadec, Marie-Dominique Galibert, Virginie Gandemer
Journal: Blood (2015)
UNRAVELING THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN MOTOR NEURON DEGENERATION IN ALS
Authors: Lucie I. Bruijn, Timothy M. Miller, Don W. Cleveland
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2004)

Although Charcot described amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) more than 130 years ago, the mechanism underlying the characteristic selective degeneration and death of motor neurons in this common adult motor neuron disease has remained a mystery. There is no effective remedy for this progressive, fatal disorder. Modern genetics has now identified mutations in one gene [Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1)] as a primary cause and implicated others [encoding neurofilaments, cytoplasmic dynein and its processivity factor dynactin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] as contributors to, or causes of, motor neuron diseases. These insights have enabled development of model systems to test hypotheses of disease mechanism and potential therapies. Along with errors in the handling of synaptic glutamate and the potential excitotoxic response this provokes, these model systems highlight the involvement of nonneuronal cells in disease progression and provide new therapeutic strategies.
Lupeol Inhibits Growth of Highly Aggressive Human Metastatic Melanoma Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> by Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: Mohammad Saleem, Nityanand Maddodi, Mohammad Abu Zaid, Naghma Khan, Bilal bin Hafeez, Mohammad Asim, Yewseok Suh, Jung-Mi Yun, Vijayasaradhi Setaluri, Hasan Mukhtar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Poor prognosis of metastatic melanoma mandates the development of novel strategies for its treatment and prevention. In this study, the effect of lupeol, a diet-based triterpene, was determined on the growth and tumorigenicity of human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Design: Normal human melanocytes, and human metastatic (451Lu) and nonmetastatic (WM35) cells were treated with lupeol; its effect on growth, proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated. Further athymic nude mice bearing 451Lu cell–originated tumors were administered with lupeol thrice a week, and its effect on tumor growth and surrogate biomarkers was evaluated. Results: Lupeol significantly decreased the viability of 451Lu and WM35 melanoma cells but had only a marginal effect on normal human melanocyte cells at similar doses. Lupeol treatment of 451Lu cells caused (a) G1-S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; (b) down-regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax; (c) activation of caspase-3 and induction of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage; (d) decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cdk2; and (e) increased expression of p21 protein. Next, lupeol significantly reduced 451Lu tumor growth in athymic nude mice and modulated the expression of proliferation markers, apoptotic markers, and cell cycle regulatory molecules in tumor xenografts. Conclusion: Our findings showed the anticancer efficacy of lupeol with mechanistic rationale against metastatic human melanoma cells. We suggest that lupeol, alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies, could be useful for the management of human melanoma.
Assessing the Prognostic Value of Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Martin J. Scurr, Clare M. Brown, Diana F. Costa Bento, Gareth J. Betts, Brian I. Rees, Robert K. Hills, Awen Gallimore, Andrew Godkin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Current dogma suggests that tumor-reactive IFN-γ–producing (TH1-type) T-cells are beneficial to patient outcome; however, the clinical consequence of these responses with respect to long-term prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not understood. Here, we compared the utility of preoperative, peripheral blood–derived IFN-γ+ T-cell responses specific to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 5T4, or control antigens (n = 64) with tumor staging and clinical details (n = 87) in predicting five-year outcome of CRC patients who underwent resection with curative intent. Although disease recurrence was more likely in patients with stage III tumors, the presence of preoperative, CEA-specific IFN-γ–producing T-cells identified patients at a statistically significantly greater risk of tumor recurrence following surgical resection, irrespective of tumor stage (odds ratio = 5.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.96 to 12.77, two-sided P <.001). Responses to other antigens, including 5T4, did not reflect outcome. Whilst these results initially appear surprising, they could improve prognostication and help redirect adjuvant treatments.