tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities of Thalamic Activation and Cognition in Schizophrenia
Authors: Jessica Andrews, Lei Wang, John G. Csernansky, Mokhtar H. Gado, Deanna M. Barch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

OBJECTIVE: Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate relationships among structure, functional activation, and cognitive deficits related to the thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects. METHOD: Thirty-six schizophrenia subjects and 28 healthy comparison subjects matched by age, gender, race, and parental socioeconomic status underwent structural and functional MRI while performing a series of memory tasks, including an N-back task (working memory), intentional memorization of a series of pictures or words (episodic encoding), and a yes/no recognition task. Functional activation magnitudes in seven regions of interest within the thalamic complex, as defined by anatomical and functional criteria, were computed for each group. RESULTS: Participants with schizophrenia exhibited decreased activation within the whole thalamus, the anterior nuclei, and the medial dorsal nucleus. These nuclei overlap with subregions of the thalamic surface that the authors previously reported to exhibit morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia. However, there were no significant correlations between specific dimensions of thalamic shape variation (i.e., eigenvectors) and the activation patterns within thalamic regions of interest. Better performance on the working memory task among individuals with schizophrenia was significantly associated with increased activation in the anterior nuclei, the centromedian nucleus, the pulvinar, and the ventrolateral nuclei. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there are limited relationships between morphological and functional abnormalities of the thalamus in schizophrenia subjects and highlight the importance of investigating relationships between brain structure and function.
Management of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: C. Visintin, M. A. Mugglestone, E. J. Fields, P. Jacklin, M. S. Murphy, A. J. Pollard
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in children and young people are associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Case fatality rates vary according to the causative organism and the age of the child or young person. In the United Kingdom they range from 2% to 11% and are especially high (about 10%) in neonates (children younger than 28 days). Survivors of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia may experience serious long term morbidities (box 1). This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the management of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in children and young people aged under 16 years in primary and secondary care.1 #### Box 1 Long term morbidities associated with bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Symptoms and signs of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia View this table: Symptoms and signs of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Deficiency Impairs Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice
Authors: Jie-Hong Pan, Galina K. Sukhova, Jing-Tian Yang, Bing Wang, Tao Xie, Huanxiang Fu, Yaou Zhang, Abhay R. Satoskar, John R. David, Christine N. Metz, Richard Bucala, Kenneth Fang, Daniel I. Simon, Harold A. Chapman, Peter Libby, Guo-Ping Shi
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed widely by vascular cells. However, scant in vivo evidence supports direct participation of MIF in atherogenesis. Therefore, we investigated whether deficiency of MIF modulates atherosclerotic lesion formation and composition in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLr −/− ) mice. Methods and Results— MIF −/− LDLr −/− and LDLr −/− mice were generated and consumed an atherogenic diet for 12 or 26 weeks. MIF −/− LDLr −/− mice had significantly reduced abdominal aorta lipid deposition and intimal thickening from aortic arch throughout the abdominal aorta compared with LDLr −/− mice. Marked retardation of atherosclerosis over time in MIF-deficient mice accompanied decreased lesion cell proliferation. At 26 weeks, 20% of MIF-deficient mice developed only early, fatty streak-like lesions, whereas &gt;80% of LDLr −/− mice developed advanced lesions containing calcification and lipid cores. Analysis of smooth muscle cells from mouse aortae demonstrated that MIF deficiency reduced smooth muscle cell proliferation, cysteine protease expression, and elastinolytic and collagenolytic activities. Conclusions— Deficiency of MIF reduces atherogenesis in LDLr −/− mice. These results provide novel insight into inflammatory pathways operating in atheromata and identify a new potential target for modulating atherogenesis.
Dr. William Courteney Marshall
Authors: H. E. Robson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

Peter Turtle, who died suddenly in August 1983, did a great deal to foster friendly relations between the BASM and the Medical Officers of Schools Association, of which he was the dynamic Hon.Secretary from 1961 until 1974.He was a member of BASM from 1961 until he resigned on his retirement in 1978.After service in the Royal Navy and private practice in London he was appointed Medical Officer to Haileybury in 1954, and this led to his passionate interest in MOSA which lasted for the rest of his life.In 1975, during his term of office as President of the Association he was awarded the OBE "for services to MOSA".He strove constantly to inculcate high standards of medical care in schools, and sports medicine had a central place in his work.He attended most of the meetings of the International Union of School Health and Medicine, of which he was an officer, and presented a survey of 20 years' sports injuries at Haileybury at its meeting in Mexico City in 1975.An extremely friendly and hospitable man, his cheerful presence at gather- ings of school doctors is greatly missed.
Advances in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease: a re-evaluation of amyloid cascade hypothesis
Authors: Suzhen Dong, Yale Duan, Yinghe Hu, Zheng Zhao
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2012)

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by progressive deterioration of memory, and pathologically by histopathological changes including extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (A-beta) peptides forming senile plaques (SP) and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. This review focused on the new developments of amyloid cascade hypothesis with details on the production, metabolism and clearance of A-beta, and the key roles of some important A-beta-related genes in the pathological processes of AD. The most recent research advances in genetics, neuropathology and pathogenesis of the disease were also discussed.
Weight loss and lipolysis promote a dynamic immune response in murine adipose tissue
Authors: Aliki Kosteli, Eiji Sugaru, Guenter Haemmerle, Jayne F. Martin, Jason Lei, Rudolf Zechner, Anthony W. Ferrante
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Obesity elicits an immune response characterized by myeloid cell recruitment to key metabolic organs, including adipose tissue. However, the response of immune cells to nonpathologic metabolic stimuli has been less well studied, and the factors that regulate the metabolic-dependent accumulation of immune cells are incompletely understood. Here we characterized the response of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to weight loss and fasting in mice and identified a role for lipolysis in ATM recruitment and accumulation. We found that the immune response to weight loss was dynamic; caloric restriction of high-fat diet-fed mice led to an initial increase in ATM recruitment, whereas ATM content decreased following an extended period of weight loss. The peak in ATM number coincided with the peak in the circulating concentrations of FFA and adipose tissue lipolysis, suggesting that lipolysis drives ATM accumulation. Indeed, fasting or pharmacologically induced lipolysis rapidly increased ATM accumulation, adipose tissue chemoattractant activity, and lipid uptake by ATMs. Conversely, dietary and genetic manipulations that reduced lipolysis decreased ATM accumulation. Depletion of macrophages in adipose tissue cultures increased expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and genes regulated by FFA, and increased lipolysis. These data suggest that local lipid fluxes are central regulators of ATM recruitment and that once recruited, ATMs form lipid-laden macrophages that can buffer local increases in lipid concentration.
Laparoscopic Gastric Banding vs Lifestyle Intervention in Severely Obese Adolescents
Authors: Larry A. Richardson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Broadly cross-reactive antibodies dominate the human B cell response against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection
Authors: Jens Wrammert, Dimitrios Koutsonanos, Gui-Mei Li, Srilatha Edupuganti, Jianhua Sui, Michael Morrissey, Megan McCausland, Ioanna Skountzou, Mady Hornig, W. Ian Lipkin, Aneesh Mehta, Behzad Razavi, Carlos Del Rio, Nai-Ying Zheng, Jane-Hwei Lee, Min Huang, Zahida Ali, Kaval Kaur, Sarah Andrews, Rama Rao Amara, Youliang Wang, Suman Ranjan Das, Christopher David O'Donnell, Jon W. Yewdell, Kanta Subbarao, Wayne A. Marasco, Mark J. Mulligan, Richard Compans, Rafi Ahmed, Patrick C. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza pandemic demonstrated the global health threat of reassortant influenza strains. Herein, we report a detailed analysis of plasmablast and monoclonal antibody responses induced by pandemic H1N1 infection in humans. Unlike antibodies elicited by annual influenza vaccinations, most neutralizing antibodies induced by pandemic H1N1 infection were broadly cross-reactive against epitopes in the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk and head domain of multiple influenza strains. The antibodies were from cells that had undergone extensive affinity maturation. Based on these observations, we postulate that the plasmablasts producing these broadly neutralizing antibodies were predominantly derived from activated memory B cells specific for epitopes conserved in several influenza strains. Consequently, most neutralizing antibodies were broadly reactive against divergent H1N1 and H5N1 influenza strains. This suggests that a pan-influenza vaccine may be possible, given the right immunogen. Antibodies generated potently protected and rescued mice from lethal challenge with pandemic H1N1 or antigenically distinct influenza strains, making them excellent therapeutic candidates.
A novel rapid single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based method for assessment of hematopoietic chimerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ephraim P. Hochberg, David B. Miklos, Donna Neuberg, Daniel A. Eichner, Stephen F. McLaughlin, Alex Mattes-Ritz, Edwin P. Alyea, Joseph H. Antin, Robert J. Soiffer, Jerome Ritz
Journal: Blood (2002)
Abbreviated HIV counselling and testing and enhanced referral to care in Uganda: a factorial randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rhoda K Wanyenze, Moses R Kamya, Robin Fatch, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Steven Baveewo, Gregory Szekeres, David R Bangsberg, Thomas Coates, Judith A Hahn
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2013)

BackgroundHIV counselling and testing and linkage to care are crucial for successful HIV prevention and treatment. Abbreviated counselling could save time; however, its effect on HIV risk is uncertain and methods to improve linkage to care have not been studied.MethodsWe did this factorial randomised controlled study at Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Participants were randomly assigned to abbreviated or traditional HIV counselling and testing; HIV-infected patients were randomly assigned to enhanced linkage to care or standard linkage to care. All study personnel except counsellors and the data officer were masked to study group assignment. Participants had structured interviews, given once every 3 months. We compared sexual risk behaviour by counselling strategy with a 6·5% non-inferiority margin. We used Cox proportional hazards analyses to compare HIV outcomes by linkage to care over 1 year and tested for interaction by sex. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00648232).FindingsWe enrolled 3415 participants; 1707 assigned to abbreviated counselling versus 1708 assigned to traditional. Unprotected sex with an HIV discordant or status unknown partner was similar in each group (232/823 [27·9%] vs 251/890 [28·2%], difference −0·3%, one-sided 95% CI 3·2). Loss to follow-up was lower for traditional counselling than for abbreviated counselling (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·61, 95% CI 0·44–0·83). 1003 HIV-positive participants were assigned to enhanced linkage (n=504) or standard linkage to care (n=499). Linkage to care did not have a significant effect on mortality or receipt of co-trimoxazole. Time to treatment in men with CD4 cell counts of 250 cells per μL or fewer was lower for enhanced linkage versus standard linkage (adjusted HR 0·60, 95% CI 0·41–0·87) and time to HIV care was decreased among women (0·80, 0·66–0·96).InterpretationAbbreviated HIV counselling and testing did not adversely affect risk behaviour. Linkage to care interventions might decrease time to enrolment in HIV care and antiretroviral treatment and thus might affect secondary HIV transmission and improve treatment outcomes.FundingUS National Institute of Mental Health.
Ca <sub>V</sub> 3.2 Channels and the Induction of Negative Feedback in Cerebral Arteries
Authors: Osama F. Harraz, Rasha R. Abd El-Rahman, Kamran Bigdely-Shamloo, Sean M. Wilson, Suzanne E. Brett, Monica Romero, Albert L. Gonzales, Scott Earley, Edward J. Vigmond, Anders Nygren, Bijoy K. Menon, Rania E. Mufti, Tim Watson, Yves Starreveld, Tobias Furstenhaupt, Philip R. Muellerleile, David T. Kurjiaka, Barry D. Kyle, Andrew P. Braun, Donald G. Welsh
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

T-type (CaV3.1/CaV3.2) Ca(2+) channels are expressed in rat cerebral arterial smooth muscle. Although present, their functional significance remains uncertain with findings pointing to a variety of roles.This study tested whether CaV3.2 channels mediate a negative feedback response by triggering Ca(2+) sparks, discrete events that initiate arterial hyperpolarization by activating large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels.Micromolar Ni(2+), an agent that selectively blocks CaV3.2 but not CaV1.2/CaV3.1, was first shown to depolarize/constrict pressurized rat cerebral arteries; no effect was observed in CaV3.2(-/-) arteries. Structural analysis using 3-dimensional tomography, immunolabeling, and a proximity ligation assay next revealed the existence of microdomains in cerebral arterial smooth muscle which comprised sarcoplasmic reticulum and caveolae. Within these discrete structures, CaV3.2 and ryanodine receptor resided in close apposition to one another. Computational modeling revealed that Ca(2+) influx through CaV3.2 could repetitively activate ryanodine receptor, inducing discrete Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release events in a voltage-dependent manner. In keeping with theoretical observations, rapid Ca(2+) imaging and perforated patch clamp electrophysiology demonstrated that Ni(2+) suppressed Ca(2+) sparks and consequently spontaneous transient outward K(+) currents, large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel mediated events. Additional functional work on pressurized arteries noted that paxilline, a large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel inhibitor, elicited arterial constriction equivalent, and not additive, to Ni(2+). Key experiments on human cerebral arteries indicate that CaV3.2 is present and drives a comparable response to moderate constriction.These findings indicate for the first time that CaV3.2 channels localize to discrete microdomains and drive ryanodine receptor-mediated Ca(2+) sparks, enabling large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel activation, hyperpolarization, and attenuation of cerebral arterial constriction.
Intermedin inhibits macrophage foam-cell formation via tristetraprolin-mediated decay of CD36 mRNA
Authors: Xiao-Yan Dai, Yan Cai, Weiliang Sun, Yanhong Ding, Wengong Wang, Wei Kong, Chaoshu Tang, Yi Zhu, Ming-Jiang Xu, Xian Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsCD36-mediated uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays a pivotal role in macrophage foam-cell formation and atherogenesis. Previously we reported on intermedin (IMD), a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, in atherosclerotic plaque reducing atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Here, we studied the role of IMD in CD36-mediated macrophage foam-cell formation.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Cavum Septi Pellucidi in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Hirofumi Hagino, Michio Suzuki, Kenzou Kurokawa, Kouichi Mori, Shigeru Nohara, Tsutomu Takahashi, Ikiko Yamashita, Takashi Yotsutsuji, Masayoshi Kurachi, Hikaru Seto
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the prevalence of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in 79 normal subjects and 86 patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: The CSP was assessed by counting the number of consecutive coronal 1-mm slices containing the CSP. A CSP equal to or greater than 6 mm in length was defined as large. RESULTS: The CSP was found in 74.4% of the patients and 74.7% of the normal subjects, a nonsignificant difference. No difference between groups was found in the prevalence of a large CSP. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the idea that a small CSP is a normal anatomical variant. More cases of a large CSP are needed to elucidate the implications of this abnormality in schizophrenia.
Incidence, Predictive Factors, and Prognostic Value of Myocardial Injury Following Uncomplicated Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Josep Rodés-Cabau, Marcos Gutiérrez, Rodrigo Bagur, Robert De Larochellière, Daniel Doyle, Mélanie Côté, Jacques Villeneuve, Olivier F. Bertrand, Eric Larose, Juan Manazzoni, Philippe Pibarot, Eric Dumont
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sound-Producing Voice Prostheses: 150 Years of Research
Authors: G.J. Verkerke, S.L. Thomson
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2014)

Advanced laryngeal cancer sometimes necessitates the removal of the complete larynx. This procedure involves suturing the trachea to an opening in the neck, the most disturbing consequence of which is the loss of voice. Since 1859, several devices have been developed for voice restoration, based mainly on a vibrating reed element. However, the resulting sound is very monotonous and thus unpleasant. Presently the most successful way of voice restoration is the placement of a one-way shunt valve in the tracheo-esophageal wall, thus preventing aspiration and allowing air to flow from the lungs to the esophagus, where soft tissues start to vibrate for substitute voicing. However, the quality of this voice is often poor. New artificial vocal folds to be placed within the shunt valve have been developed, and a membrane-principle concept appears very promising, owing to the self-cleaning construction and the high voice quality. Future developments will include electronic voice sources. Hopefully these developments will result in a high-quality voice, after 150 years of research.
Antithymocyte Globulin for Treatment of the Bone Marrow Failure Associated with Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Jeffrey J. Molldrem, Eric Leifer, Erkut Bahceci, Yogen Saunthararajah, Mary Rivera, Cynthia Dunbar, Johnson Liu, Riotoro Nakamura, Neal S. Young, A. John Barrett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Almost half of the deaths that result from myelodysplastic syndromes are due to cytopenia associated with bone marrow failure. Treatment is mostly supportive care. Objective: To determine whether treatment with antithymocyte globulin improves cytopenia and reverses dependence on red blood cell transfusions in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Design: Single-treatment, prospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: 61 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Intervention: Antithymocyte globulin, 40 mg/kg of body weight, given daily for 4 days. Measurements: Evaluation of bone marrow, blood counts, transfusions, progression, and survival for a median of 30 months (range, 1 to 88 months). Results: Within 8 months of treatment, 21 of 61 patients (34%) no longer required red blood cell transfusions. This independence from transfusions was maintained in 17 responders (81%) for a median of 36 months (range, 3 to 72 months). Ten of 21 patients (47.5%) with severe thrombocytopenia had sustained platelet count increases, and 6 of 11 patients (55%) with severe neutropenia had sustained neutrophil counts of greater than 1 × 109 cells/L. Characteristics favorable for response were younger patient age (P = 0.005) and lower platelet counts (P = 0.038). One of the 21 responders (5%) and 22 of the 40 nonresponders (55%) died before the end of the study (P = 0.008). One of the 21 responders (5%) and 13 of the 40 nonresponders (33%) had disease progression (P = 0.086). Conclusions: Although this study was a nonrandomized, single-treatment study, 34% of patients treated with antithymocyte globulin became transfusion independent. Response was associated with a statistically significant longer survival and an almost significant decreased time to disease progression. Treatment with antithymocyte globulin did not seem to be detrimental because historical overall median survival times were similar to those of nonresponders.