tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival and recurrence factors in adult medulloblastoma: The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience from 1978 to 1998
Authors: Lara J. Kunschner, John Kuttesch, Kenneth Hess, W.K. Alfred Yung
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2001)

Medulloblastoma is a rare adult primary brain tumor for which limited retrospective studies are available to elucidate natural history or to guide therapy. A retrospective chart and imaging review of adult patients (aged >18 years) with medulloblastoma was performed to identify survival and prognostic factors. Fifty-seven patients were evaluated at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1978-1998. Statistical analysis of prognostic factors and overall survival was performed for a subgroup of 28 patients who were followed exclusively at our institution from the time of diagnosis until death or last follow-up. These 28 patients had an overall survival of 91% at 3 years and 84% at 5 years, whereas median survival was not reached after a median follow-up of 168 weeks (range, 9-602 weeks). Progression-free survival for all patients was 68% at 3 years and 62% at 5 years, and was not statistically different between poor- and standard-risk patients. Univariate analysis of clinical features, such as age, sex, extent of local disease, extent of resection, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy, did not identify any prognostic variables for survival among the 28 patients. Patterns of recurrence revealed that the posterior fossa was the most common site (56%), followed by bone marrow (25%). Adult medulloblastoma appears to have a favorable prognosis after treatment with maximally surgically feasible resection followed by craniospinal irradiation. Optimal treatment remains to be clarified, as both standard-risk and poor-risk patients have prolonged disease-free survival. The marked difference between survival and progression-free survival suggests that salvage therapy, usually with combination chemotherapy in this cohort of patients, is of benefit. More formal analysis of the survival benefit was not possible, however, because of the small number of patients treated at recurrence with any one therapeutic regimen.
Intraadrenal Corticotropin in Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Estelle Louiset, Céline Duparc, Jacques Young, Sylvie Renouf, Milène Tetsi Nomigni, Isabelle Boutelet, Rossella Libé, Zakariae Bram, Lionel Groussin, Philippe Caron, Antoine Tabarin, Fabienne Grunenberger, Sophie Christin-Maitre, Xavier Bertagna, Jean-Marc Kuhn, Youssef Anouar, Jérôme Bertherat, Hervé Lefebvre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia is a rare cause of primary adrenal Cushing's syndrome. In this form of hyperplasia, hypersecretion of cortisol suppresses the release of corticotropin by pituitary corticotrophs, which results in low plasma corticotropin levels. Thus, the disease has been termed corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. We examined the abnormal production of corticotropin in these hyperplastic adrenal glands.We obtained specimens of hyperplastic macronodular adrenal tissue from 30 patients with primary adrenal disease. The corticotropin precursor proopiomelanocortin and corticotropin expression were assessed by means of a polymerase-chain-reaction assay and immunohistochemical analysis. The production of corticotropin and cortisol was assessed in 11 specimens with the use of incubated explants and cell cultures coupled with hormone assays. Corticotropin levels were measured in adrenal and peripheral venous blood samples from 2 patients.The expression of proopiomelanocortin messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected in all samples of hyperplastic adrenal tissue. Corticotropin was detected in steroidogenic cells arranged in clusters that were disseminated throughout the adrenal specimens. Adrenal corticotropin levels were higher in adrenal venous blood samples than in peripheral venous samples, a finding that was consistent with local production of the peptide within the hyperplastic adrenals. The release of adrenal corticotropin was stimulated by ligands of aberrant membrane receptors but not by corticotropin-releasing hormone or dexamethasone. A semiquantitative score for corticotropin immunostaining in the samples correlated with basal plasma cortisol levels. Corticotropin-receptor antagonists significantly inhibited in vitro cortisol secretion.Cortisol secretion by the adrenals in patients with macronodular hyperplasia and Cushing's syndrome appears to be regulated by corticotropin, which is produced by a subpopulation of steroidogenic cells in the hyperplastic adrenals. Thus, the hypercortisolism associated with bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia appears to be corticotropin-dependent. (Funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche and others.).
BONE MARROW AS SOURCE OF CELLS IN REACTIONS OF CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: David M. Lubaroff, Byron H. Waksman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Splenectomy or thymectomy of adult Lewis rats following sensitization with tubercle bacilli did not affect their ability to develop delayed skin lesions upon skin testing with PPD. The presence of the thymus also had no significant effect on reactivity of the recipients in passive transfer experiments. The passive transfer of tuberculin hypersensitivity with sensitized lymph node cells to thymectomized, irradiated recipients depended on the simultaneous or prior injection of normal bone marrow cells. When lymph node cell transfer was performed shortly after irradiation and injection of marrow, high doses of marrow cells (3.5–4.0 x 108 were required to permit eliciting reactions of reasonable intensity. If, however, periods of 7–10 days elapsed between the injection of bone marrow and sensitized lymph node cells, lower doses of marrow were sufficient for comparable reactions. Normal thymus, spleen, lymph node, or peritoneal exudate cells, even at high doses could not be substituted for the bone marrow in producing good tuberculin reactions.
The GMC: expediency before principle
Authors: Anita M Houghton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Smith and Dyer wrote concise and lucid expositions of the latest report on the GMC.1,2 Although it is crucial that the public is happy with the way that the profession regulates itself, I am troubled by the assumption in the conclusions of the report that protecting the interests of doctors and protecting the interests of patients are mutually exclusive.

Many a management guru has said that if you want to provide excellent customer care, you should treat your staff in the same way as you would like them to treat your most valued customer. Taken to its logical conclusion, patients can presumably look forward to being treated as incompetent until proved otherwise, at best, and as potential psychopaths at worst.

As someone who regularly supports and counsels doctors, I weep for the vast majority who work with competence and enormous commitment, often to the detriment of their health and personal lives, and yet are subject to blanket condemnations and more monitoring every time a rogue doctor comes to light. But if it is true that people treat customers in the same way that they are treated themselves, it is patients, paradoxically, who will ultimately pay the price for this relentless and hopeless quest to eliminate risk.

The question arises, therefore, is it in the interests of patients for the profession to acquiesce every time there is a report like this, or should we be doing something else?
A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF OUTPATIENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINIC FUNCTIONS, INTAKE POLICIES AND PRACTICES
Authors: BEATRICE M. ROSEN, JACK WIENER, CATHERINE L. HENCH, SHIRLEY G. WILLNER, ANITA K. BAHN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

All clinics provided direct services to patients (the definition would exclude any who did not), with 94 percent ranking it as the primary function; consultation was most frequently rated as second in importance, training third, and research last. Over four-fifths of the clinics reported an "open admission" policy; 12 percent accepted only other agency or professional referrals and seven percent accepted referrals within the agency only. Three-quarters of the clinics in the country accepted psychotics and sex deviates while relatively few accepted drug addicts and homicidal cases. A wider range of problems was accepted more often in the children's clinics than in adult clinics and in the part-time clinics than in the full-time clinics. Sixty-four percent of the clinics reported a waiting list of patients with whom they had made contact in the previous three months. Waiting lists were more prevalent in children's clinics than in adult clinics, in clinics that had an "open admission" policy than in clinics that accepted referral only within the agency and in clinics with a large staff as compared with clinics with a small staff. Eight percent of the patients served during the year were on waiting lists. Two-thirds of the persons on waiting lists were children, even though they constituted only slightly over one-third of the total patients served.
The production of calcium and magnesium during pancreatic function tests in health and disease
Authors: J. Nimmo, N. D. C. Finlayson, A. F. Smith, D. J. C. Shearman
Journal: Gut (1970)

Duodenal calcium and magnesium concentrations after pancreatic stimulation were measured in 25 patients with and without pancreatic disease. The concentration of both ions was higher in those with pancreatic disease, and furthermore these patients showed a different secretory pattern. These findings may be relevant to the aetiology of pancreatitis and to pancreatic calcification, and might be of diagnostic value.
Repeat Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty after Complicated Primary Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Lamis Baydoun, Korine van Dijk, Isabel Dapena, Fayyaz U. Musa, Vasilis S. Liarakos, Lisanne Ham, Gerrit R.J. Melles
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
First-line chemotherapy for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) versus other histological soft tissue sarcoma subtypes and as a prognostic factor for MPNST: an EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group study
Authors: J.R. Kroep, M. Ouali, H. Gelderblom, A. Le Cesne, T.J.A. Dekker, M. Van Glabbeke, P.C.W. Hogendoorn, P. Hohenberger
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
RGS6/Gβ5 Complex Accelerates <i>I</i> <sub>KACh</sub> Gating Kinetics in Atrial Myocytes and Modulates Parasympathetic Regulation of Heart Rate
Authors: Ekaterina Posokhova, Nicole Wydeven, Kevin L. Allen, Kevin Wickman, Kirill A. Martemyanov
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

The parasympathetic reduction in heart rate involves the sequential activation of m2 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (m(2)Rs), pertussis toxin-sensitive (Gi/o) heterotrimeric G proteins, and the atrial potassium channel I(KACh). Molecular mechanisms regulating this critical signal transduction pathway are not fully understood.To determine whether the G protein signaling regulator Rgs6/Gβ5 modulates m(2)R-I(KACh) signaling and cardiac physiology.Cardiac expression of Rgs6, and its interaction with Gβ5, was demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. Rgs6(-/-) mice were generated by gene targeting, and the cardiac effects of Rgs6 ablation were analyzed by whole-cell recordings in isolated cardiomyocytes and ECG telemetry. Loss of Rgs6 yielded profound delays in m(2)R-I(KACh) deactivation kinetics in both neonatal atrial myocytes and adult sinoatrial nodal cells. Rgs6(-/-) mice exhibited mild resting bradycardia and altered heart rate responses to pharmacological manipulations that were consistent with enhanced m(2)R-I(KACh) signaling.The cardiac Rgs6/Gβ5 complex modulates the timing of parasympathetic influence on atrial myocytes and heart rate in mice.
A successful nationwide implementation of the ‘FIFA 11 for Health’ programme in Brazilian elementary schools
Authors: Colin W Fuller, Edilson S Thiele, Manoel Flores, Astrid Junge, Diogo Netto, Jiri Dvorak
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Objectives To deliver a nationwide implementation of the ‘FIFA 11 for Health’ programme in Brazil and to compare the outcomes with results obtained previously in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method A cohort study among 3694 Brazilian children aged 9–12 years within 128 elementary schools situated in 12 cities in the five Regions of Brazil. The ‘FIFA 11 for Health’ programme contains 11 90 min sessions: the first 45 min serve to encourage physical activity through the development of football skills (Play Football) and the second 45 min provide a vehicle for delivering 10 health messages (Play Fair). We measured preintervention and postintervention health knowledge (29-item questionnaire) and the children's evaluation of the programme (6-item questionnaire). Results Mean age of the children across the five Regions was 10.6 years (range 9.2–11.6). The mean preintervention health knowledge score for the five Regions was 60.2% (range 53.8–65.3%); the mean postintervention score was 78.6% (range 70.7–86.8%); thus the mean increase in health knowledge was 18.4% (range 13.6–29.1%). 91% of the children gave a positive evaluation for the programme (range across five Regions: 82.3–96.7%). Summary The study showed that the ‘FIFA 11 for Health’ programme, which was originally developed in English and translated into another language, was delivered successfully with results equivalent to those previously obtained in Sub-Saharan Africa. The programme was effective across the five Regions of Brazil.
How to Write and Publish Papers in the Medical Sciences.
Authors: Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The paper, the audience, and the right journal searching the literature preparing to write critical argument and the structure of scientific papers the research paper the case report the review, the editorial, and the case-series analysis the book review and the letter-to-the-editor writing the first draft revising content and structure revising prose structure and style scientific style tables illustrations preparing the final manuscript submitting the paper to the journal responding to the editor's decision correcting proof between proof and publication appendices include 20 steps in planning, writing and publishing a paper - formats for references - guidelines on authorship - references and reading.
THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF METAL ION TRANSPORT IN<i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i>
Authors: David J. Eide
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1998)

▪ Abstract Transition metals such as iron, copper, manganese, and zinc are essential nutrients. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal organism for deciphering the mechanism and regulation of metal ion transport. Recent studies of yeast have shown that accumulation of any single metal ion is mediated by two or more substrate-specific transport systems. High-affinity systems are active in metal-limited cells, whereas low-affinity systems play the predominant roles when the substrate is more abundant. Metal ion uptake systems of cells are tightly controlled, and both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms have been identified. Most importantly, studies of S. cerevisiae have identified a large number of genes that function in metal ion transport and have illuminated the existence and importance of gene families that play related roles in these processes in mammals.
STUDIES ON BACTERIAL ENZYMES
Authors: James M. Neill, William L. Fleming
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Botulinus bacilli yield a maltase and a lipase, which retain their hydrolytic activity independent of the presence of the formed bacterial cell. The maltase is an endocellular substance, while the lipase is extracellular. The lipase, when separated from the anaerobic bacillus, does not seem to be affected by exposure to air.
The New Atlantis and the Frontiers of Medicine
Authors: Michael J. Brenner
Journal: JAMA (2000)

IN THE EARLY 17TH CENTURY, SIR FRANCIS BACON SET OUT ON A QUEST to unravel the secrets of the natural world. His approach was singularly encyclopedic, involving careful scrutiny of every imaginable phenomenon from the currents of streams and the recesses of caves to the decay of bodies, the condensation of rain, and the refraction of light. What was his ultimate purpose? Nothing less, he expounded in The New Atlantis, than “the knowledge of causes, and secret motions of things; and the enlarging of the bounds of human empire, to the effecting of all things possible.” Interestingly, Bacon’s pursuit has parallels in our own era. The Human Genome Project, with its encyclopedic approach to gene identification, is reminiscent of the scope of Bacon’s early explorations. While Bacon’s lofty goals seem remarkably grandiose, it is not entirely clear that our ambitions today are more modest. For example, James Watson, as head of the Human Genome Project, ventured that the characterization of the human genome would eventually provide us with “the ultimate answers to the chemical underpinnings of human existence.” One of the most conspicuous differences between Bacon’s time and ours is the advent of modern technology. The research tools now available to scientists and clinicians offer unprecedented magnifying power for the study of biological processes. As a result, medicine has progressed from gross anatomical descriptions of disease to precise characterization of physiologic and pathologic phenomena at microscopic and molecular levels. As the editors of the New England Journal of Medicine recently concluded, “It is hard not to be moved by the astounding course of medical history over the past thousand years. No one alive in the year 1000 could possibly have imagined what was in store.” This month, MSJAMA examines several emerging technologies that are assuming increasing importance in the practice of clinical medicine. George Scarlatis comments on recent advances in the use of retinal and cortical stimulation to restore vision. Max Diehn, Ash Alizadeh, and Patrick Brown examine how complementary DNA microarray technology is redefining molecular medicine. In the closing article, Steve S. W. Han and Itzhak Fischer review advances in stem cell research and describe preliminary results on the repair of traumatic spinal cord injury in an animal model. See the MSJAMA Web site for Field Willingham’s discussion of the technological innovations transforming medical education at the University of Maryland. Medical students and physicians have access to a rapidly growing armamentarium of medical technologies. With these expanded capabilities comes a responsibility to introduce new innovations with discretion. Medical advances will never achieve their full potential unless they are well understood, thoughtfully applied, and critically evaluated. Only by staying abreast of new advances can medical students and physicians rise to the challenges and opportunities afforded by emerging health care advances.
Clinical trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a word of caution concerning choice of outcome measures
Authors: W. C. Johnson, G. Raghu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a challenging and frustrating disease for clinicians and patients confronted with this clinical entity, since it is associated with a dismal ∼3-yr median survival from the time of diagnosis 1 and an effective treatment regimen is yet to be determined. The lack of an effective treatment option has encouraged investigation of new treatment regimens, and promising agents are being investigated in several clinical trials worldwide. Despite aggressive, worldwide collaborations in pursuit of an effective regimen, significant progress is still needed to recommend a specific treatment regimen for IPF 2.

While recent publications have provided insights regarding appropriate outcome measures chosen as end points for IPF clinical trials, results from these studies have either (unfortunately) been negative or merely provided positive signals and generated hypotheses that deserve to be investigated further in well-designed studies 3–6. Investigators who are involved in planning IPF studies face daunting challenges in selecting outcome measures that will appropriately allow statistical assessment of clinically meaningful effects or outcomes. Clinicians reviewing the IPF literature are confronted with equally daunting challenges in interpreting the clinical and statistical importance of these findings and applying this knowledge in the clinical care of their patients. Both the investigator and the clinician interpreting the results need to understand how IPF disease severity and progression are best measured in order to provide the most convincing and interpretable study evidence.

The 2000 International Consensus statement for IPF diagnosis and treatment suggests measures with promise for measuring IPF disease extent and potential for measuring change, but it is clear that validated outcome measures were not known when the document was drafted 1. Investigators involved in the largest IPF trial conducted to date recently reported an apparent lack of appropriate IPF outcome measures 6. They reported …
Sitaxsentan Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Robyn J. Barst, David Langleben, Adaani Frost, Evelyn M. Horn, Ronald Oudiz, Shelley Shapiro, Vallerie McLaughlin, Nicholas Hill, Victor F. Tapson, Ivan M. Robbins, Diane Zwicke, Benjamin Duncan, Richard A. F. Dixon, Lyn R. Frumkin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Sitaxsentan may benefit patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension by blocking the vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-A while maintaining the vasodilator/clearance functions of endothelin-B receptors. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension that was idiopathic, related to connective tissue disease or congenital heart disease, were randomized to receive placebo (n = 60), sitaxsentan 100 mg (n = 55), or sitaxsentan 300 mg (n = 63) orally once daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in peak VO(2) at Week 12. Secondary endpoints included 6-minute walk, New York Heart Association class, VO(2) at anaerobic threshold, VE per carbon dioxide production at anaerobic threshold, hemodynamics, quality of life, and time to clinical worsening. Although the 300-mg group increased peak VO(2) compared with placebo (+3.1%, p < 0.01), none of the other endpoints derived from cardiopulmonary exercise testing were met. However, both the 100-mg dose and the 300-mg dose, compared with placebo, increased 6-minute walk distance (100 mg: +35 m, p < 0.01; 300 mg: +33 m, p < 0.01); functional class, cardiac index, and pulmonary vascular resistance also improved (p < 0.02 for each parameter at both doses). The incidence of elevated aminotransferase values (> three times normal) was 3% for the placebo group, 0% for the 100-mg group, and 10% for the 300-mg group.
Skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence?
Authors: A.L. Cogen, V. Nizet, R.L. Gallo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence? Get access A.L. Cogen, A.L. Cogen Departments of BioengineeringMedicine, Division of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Nizet, V. Nizet Pediatrics, School of MedicineSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.L. Gallo R.L. Gallo Medicine, Division of DermatologyPediatrics, School of Medicine Correspondence: Richard L. Gallo. E‐mail: rgallo@ucsd.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 3, 1 March 2008, Pages 442–455, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08437.x Published: 01 March 2008