tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered cytokine profiles in patients with Chuvash polycythemia
Authors: Xiaomei Niu, Galina Y. Miasnikova, Adelina I. Sergueeva, Lydia A. Polyakova, Daniel J. Okhotin, Nikolai V. Tuktanov, Mehdi Nouraie, Tatiana Ammosova, Sergei Nekhai, Victor R. Gordeuk
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Chuvash polycythemia results from a homozygous 598C>T mutation in exon 3 of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. This disrupts the normoxia pathway for degrading hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and HIF-2alpha causing altered expression of HIF-1 and HIF-2 inducible genes. As hypoxia induces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that there might be an elevation of Th1 cytokines in the setting of Chuvash polycythemia. We analyzed plasma concentrations of Th1 (interleukins-2 and 12, interferon-gamma, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and Th2 cytokines (interleukins-4, 5, 10, and 13) using the Bio-Plex multiplex suspension array system in 34 VHL598C>T homozygotes and 32 VHL wild-type participants from Chuvashia. Concentrations of all the Th1 and Th2 cytokines measured were elevated in the VHL598C>T homozygotes compared with the control wild-type participants, but the ratios of Th1 to Th2 cytokines did not differ by genotype. In parallel, peripheral blood concentrations of CD4 positive T-helper cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were lower in the VHL598C>T homozygotes. In conclusion, the up-regulated hypoxic response in Chuvash polycythemia is associated with increased plasma products of both the Th1 and Th2 pathways, but the balance between the two pathways seems to be preserved.
Management of traumatic amputations of the upper limb
Authors: T. S. Win, J. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Management of traumatic amputations of the upper limb Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Methotrexate/6-mercaptopurine maintenance therapy influences the risk of a second malignant neoplasm after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the NOPHO ALL-92 study
Authors: Kjeld Schmiegelow, Ibrahim Al-Modhwahi, Mette Klarskov Andersen, Mikael Behrendtz, Erik Forestier, Henrik Hasle, Mats Heyman, Jon Kristinsson, Jacob Nersting, Randi Nygaard, Anne Louise Svendsen, Kim Vettenranta, Richard Weinshilboum
Journal: Blood (2009)
Green Paper and the Teaching Hospitals
Authors: E. K. Blackburn
Journal: BMJ (1970)

refers I did not comment directly on the case for or against a large increase in number, but was concerned with the evi- dence indicating that the Royal Commission had failed to understand the mathematical basis on which they proposed an exponential expansion, and had thus reached a wholly unjustifiable conclusion about the number of doctors necessary.I also drew attention to the implications of an error of this magnitude, which could require perhaps the provision of 10,000 unnecessary doctors in 10 years, a number equivalent to the output of five new medical schools.As this appears a serious matter, one would expect the mathematical errors in this section of the report to have been ac- knowledged and corrected before now, since it must surely be necessary to prepare a new estimate based on less indefensible grounds.If, however, my conclusions are unjustified, it should be an easy matter to refute them.-Iam, etc.,
Coexistence of primary AL amyloidosis and POEMS syndrome: Efficacy of melphalan‐dexamethasone and role of biochemical markers in monitoring the diseases course
Authors: Fausto Adami, Chiara Briani, Gianni Binotto, Sara Altinier, Giuseppe Tarantini, Gianpietro Semenzato
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)
Dr Arthur Porter
Authors: I.A. Magnus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Dr Arthur Porter Get access I.A. Magnus I.A. Magnus Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 1, 1 July 1992, Pages 60–61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14830.x Published: 01 July 1992
Occupational Health: Hazards of the Work Environment
Authors: Bertram D. Dinman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Even in its best days there were cracks and fissures detectable closeup in Cheop's pyramid; from a distance, however, it was an imposing edifice. The same qualities apply to Dr. Mayers' book. It is an impressive attempt to encompass the entirety of man's organized homeostasis-directed reactions to the working environment. This volume covers an almost overwhelming gamut of human responses to the environment, from the activity of subcellular particulates through to the formulation of legislation. But because of the breadth of approach of the book, it cannot avoid suffering inaccuracies apparent to those with detailed knowledge of the underlying depths.  By contrast the title of this work is unduly restrictive. The physical and chemical agents that were once confined to the industrial setting now encompass our total environment. Accordingly, the scope of the author's contribution is broader than the field of occupational medicine. While
Microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: its prevalence in Indian compared with Europid patients
Authors: J Allawi, P V Rao, R Gilbert, G Scott, R J Jarrett, H Keen, G C Viberti, H M Mather
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is strikingly common in British Indians, but their susceptibility to diabetic complications is unknown. The ratio of albumin to creatinine concentrations was measured in samples of the first urine voided in the morning in 154 Indian and 82 Europid patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and in a control group of 129 non-diabetic Indians. The ratio was significantly higher in the Indian patients than in the Europid patients and the Indian controls. There were no significant correlations between the logarithm of the albumin: creatinine ratio and age, known duration of diabetes, haemoglobin A<sub>1</sub> concentration, or body mass index within either diabetic group. Hypertension and raised albumin:creatinine ratio were significantly associated, and significant correlations were seen between the logarithm of the albumin:creatinine ratio and systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the Indian but not the Europid diabetics. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes at a relatively early age in Indians, nephropathy may emerge as an important clinical problem.
Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT Imaging of the Central Nervous System in Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: KARL G. SIEG, JEAN R. HARTY, MICHAEL SIMMONS, DAVID F. PRESTON, HAROLD M. ERICKSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Tc-99m HMPAO was used to evaluate cerebral perfusion in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. The SPECT images demonstrated reduced HMPAO uptake in regions corresponding with MRI-confirmed locations of cortical tubers. These results indicate that the lesions are characterized by vascular perfusion deficits and support the hypothesis that cortical tubers result from developmental abnormalities of the embryonic central nervous system.
Health and Public Policy Implications of the Low Yield Cigarette
Authors: Neal L. Benowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Between 1955 and 1987 the average tar and nicotine yield of American cigarettes declined substantially. The average tar yield (weighted for the volume of sales of the cigarette) fell from 34 to 13 mg, and the average nicotine yield declined from 2 to 0.9 mg. Advertisements for "low yield" cigarettes often imply that the health hazards associated with smoking these cigarettes are less than the hazards associated with higher-yield cigarettes.The case–control study by Palmer and coworkers reported in this issue of the Journal shows that modern low-yield cigarettes do not reduce the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction among women . . .
BAC Consensus Conference, November 4–6, 2004: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Preclinical Models
Authors: David C. Christiani, William Pao, James C. DeMartini, R Ilona Linnoila, Alvin M. Malkinson, Amir Onn, Katerina A. Politi, Michael Sharp, Kwok- Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Distinction Awards for Consultants
Authors: J. F. Curr
Journal: BMJ (1966)

attitude to Family Care Service Ltd. (26 March, p. 804).The contention that the British patient is not sufficiently affluent to pay something directly -for medical care just does not stand up to the light of scrutiny.It might be of interest to tell you what outpatient charges are at this 200-bed rural mission hospital.Currently two doctors are
Services for the mentally handicapped
Authors: M. Way
Journal: BMJ (1980)

discussing the problems of working with the elderly, and the usefulness of bringing in aspects of normal life and using appropriate activities as a means of counteracting the apathy of institutional life.We hope and believe that this form of specific intervention by social workers has made a difference in some small way to the quality of life of the elderly people we worked with, and that there is much more urgent work to be done in this field.
Worldwide Incidence of Malaria in 2009: Estimates, Time Trends, and a Critique of Methods
Authors: Richard E. Cibulskis, Maru Aregawi, Ryan Williams, Mac Otten, Christopher Dye
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Richard Cibulskis and colleagues present estimates of the worldwide incidence of malaria in 2009, together with a critique of different estimation methods, including those based on risk maps constructed from surveys of parasite prevalence, and those based on routine case reports compiled by health ministries.
Risk Factors Predicting Lower Extremity Amputations in Patients With NIDDM
Authors: Seppo Lehto, Tapani Rönnemaa, Kalevi Pyörälä, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To examine the predictors of lower extremity amputation in patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At baseline, risk factors for amputation were determined in 1,044 NIDDM patients (571 men, 473 women) aged 45 to 64 years. These patients were followed up to 7 years with respect to amputation. RESULTS The incidence of amputation was 5.6% in men and 5.3% in women. High fasting plasma glucose at baseline examination and the duration of diabetes were associated with a twofold risk for amputation. Similarly, glycemic control measured at baseline by HbA1 was an important predictor of amputation. There was a dose-response relationship between plasma glucose or HbA1 and the risk for amputation. The effect of hyperglycemia on the risk of amputation was seen clearly even after the adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. Signs of peripheral neuropathy and bilateral absence of Achilles tendon reflexes and vibration sense were important predictors for amputation. Furthermore, absent peripheral artery pulses and femoral artery bruit on auscultation predicted amputation. CONCLUSIONS Our 7-year follow-up study gives strong evidence that poor glycemic control is an important predictor of amputation in patients with NIDDM in addition to clinically detectable peripheral arterial disease and peripheral neuropathy.
Genotype at a promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene is associated with baseline levels of plasma C-reactive protein
Authors: M Vickers
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Baseline concentrations of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with coronary heart disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) regulates CRP gene expression; a promoter polymorphism (–174G/C) of the IL-6 gene has been shown to influence IL-6 transcription but the relationship between genotype at this polymorphism and circulating levels of inflammatory markers remains unclear. We hypothesised that plasma CRP would be a heritable phenotype that would be influenced by genotype at this polymorphism. Methods: We measured baseline plasma CRP and determined genotypes at the –174G/C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene in 588 members of 98 nuclear families. The heritability of plasma CRP and the association of plasma CRP with genotype were determined using variance components methods. Results: Baseline CRP levels were highly heritable (h2=0.39, P<0.0000001). Presence of the –174C allele was associated with higher baseline CRP levels, both in the whole population (P=0.01), and in the founders only (n=128, P=0.001). Family-based analyses confirmed the association (P=0.02) suggesting that it arises from chromosomal proximity or identity of the typed polymorphism with a genetic variant influencing baseline CRP levels. Conclusions: Baseline plasma CRP is a significantly heritable cardiovascular risk factor. Levels are associated with genotype at the –174G/C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene.
Abstract 347: The role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the maintenance of stemness in neural and glioma stem cells
Authors: Nestor Fernandez, Megan Wu, Sunit Das
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Despite advances in treatment, Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues to carry a horrible prognosis with an average overall survival of only 14 months [Stupp et al, 2005]. GBMs are heterogeneous tumors that contain a subpopulation of stem-cell like cells called glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs appear to be chemotherapy- and radiation-resistant and are thought to be responsible for GBM progression [Kang et al, 2007; Bao et al, 2006]. More effective GBM therapies must target GSCs, underscoring the importance of understanding GSC biology. Our study examines the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its converse, the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), in the context of GSCs and neural stem cells (NSCs). We hypothesize that the zinc-finger enhancer binding transcription factor (ZEB)/miR-200 feedback loop is relevant in the context of GSCs and is modulated by TGF-β and BMP. We have found that ZEB1 and miR-200 define divergent glioma cell populations: qRT-PCR shows differential expression of ZEB1 and miR-200 in mature human astrocytes, human fetal NSC, and human GSCs (GliNS1). In GSCs, BMP antagonism (noggin) or TGF-β stimulation results in increased ZEB1 expression. Conversely, BMP4 stimulation increases miR-200b/c, while noggin or TGF-β treatment decrease miR-200b/c expression. BrdU proliferation studies show increased proliferation with TGF-β stimulation and decreased proliferation with BMP treatment in three GSC lines. TGF-β signaling also confers an invasive phenotype in GSCs while BMP4 treatment decreases invasion, suggesting a role for TGF-β and BMP parallel to that seen in EMT and MET. Western blot analysis reveals that treatment of GSCs with TGF-β induces phosphorylation of Stat3, which has been shown to be a driver of EMT [Carro MS, 2010]. Interestingly, BMP and TGF-β treatment does not change Sox2 protein expression, suggesting that the GliNS1 GSCs retain their stem cell identity. However, Bmi1 increases with BMP stimulation and decreases with TGF-β treatment, while ID1 increases with BMP treatment, suggesting that the stem-ness in GSCs is modulated by these cytokines. In conclusion, BMP and TGF-β control the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop in GSCs and affect cell proliferation and invasive capability. We are continuing studies to determine the relevance of TGF-β and BMP signaling to patients with GBM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 347. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-347
Tackling racism in the NHS
Authors: A. Esmail, D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A BMA conference held last week to discuss racial discrimination in the medical profession highlighted a range of reports and publications written since 1987 that have documented the problem. Racial discrimination occurs at all levels in the medical profession, from applications to medical school,1 2 3 through the examination process,4 to job applications.5 6 It also affects the manner in which complaints are made against doctors.7 8 Our problem is not a lack of evidence but the lack of political will to tackle the problem.

That racial discrimination within the medical profession is widespread is a view many doctors may find hard to accept. But it is an accusation that must be taken seriously. With 23% of the medical workforce and, in some medical schools, 30% of the current intake classifying themselves as ethnic minorities, the issue is not necessarily one of under-representation of ethnic minorities but of equal opportunities–potentially affecting a quarter of doctors in Britain.

The problem of discrimination in the profession is first and foremost an ethical and moral issue, and, as a profession, we should …
Hazardous drugs in developing countries
Authors: D. B Menkes
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The international pharmaceutical market shows substantial regional differences in availability and promotion of drugs.1 This variation depends on affluence, health requirements, capacity for local manufacture, and the restrictions which countries may impose to control dangerous or inappropriate use of drugs.2 3 Because of their limited industrial base, most developing countries import most of their drugs, and transnational corporations are adept at exploiting variations in such markets.1 Commercial interests may conflict with public health needs in developing countries,4 5 6 particularly when people are poisoned due to inadequate restriction of pharmaceutical use, misleading advertising or labelling, or frankly bogus products.

Promotion of unsafe drugs in the developing world has long attracted criticism, particularly when products have been banned or restricted in the country of manufacture.3 5 Pharmaceutical adverts, labelling, and package inserts in developing countries often show the twin problems of exaggerated indications and minimised adverse effects.1 5 6 Drug exports from the United States to developing …
Ability of Vasoconstrictor Drugs to Cause Adrenal Medullary Discharge after "Sensitization" by Ganglion Stimulating Agents
Authors: YOSHIHIRO KANEKO, JAMES W. MCCUBBIN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Administration of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium iodide (DMPP) subcutaneously, intravenously or into a lurnboadrenal artery for 20, or more, minutes in dosages that caused little, or no, change in arterial pressure caused the adrenal glands to respond to intravenous or local intra-arterial injection of vasoconstrictor drugs (angiotensin, norepi-nephrine, serotonin, vasopressin, phenyleph-rine, metaraminol, or barium chloride) by discharging large amounts of pressor material. Nicotine and tetramethylamnionium chloride given into a lumboadrenal artery had the same sensitizing effect; prolonged electrical stimulation of the cut peripheral end of the thoracic or lumbar sympathetic trunk or splanchnic nerve did not. Sensitization persisted during infusions or for at least one hour after subcutaneous administration of a ganglion stimulating agent. As after intravenous injection of a pressor drug, adrenal discharge caused reflex decrease of efferent sympathetic nerve activity. Following sensitization, partial constriction of a lumboadrenal artery proximal to the adrenal, or injection of potassium cyanide into the artery, produced responses comparable to those elicited by injection of vasoconstrictor drugs; carotid occlusion or electrical stimulation of the cut peripheral end of a splanchnic nerve did not cause the same large adrenal discharge. Partial constriction of the adrenal artery, or drug injection, did not cause adrenal discharge prior to administration of a ganglion stimulating agent. Discharge due to intra-arterial injection of a vasoconstrictor drug was prevented by simultaneous infusion of a vasodilator drug, sodium nitroprusside, into the adrenal artery. The sensitizing effect of the ganglion stimulating drugs was not prevented by atro-pine, ergotamine, spinal cord section at C6, splanchnic nerve section, or establishment of tachyphylaxis to vasopressin. It was eliminated for prolonged periods by injection of very small dosage of tetraethylammonium chloride or phentolamine into the adrenal artery. It is concluded tentatively that ganglion stimulating agents cause sensitization of receptors in, or near, the adrenal glands which, through a local neural mechanism containing a cholinergic synapse and an adrenergic receptor, respond to hypoxia by causing discharge of catechol amines.
Parachuting for Sport
Authors: Frank W. Kiel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Parachuting as a sport is becoming more wide-spread. It has only a recent history in America, since it did not get started in earnest until after 1956, but jumpers in European countries have long engaged in this activity. Now, as a result of much publicity and a vigorous national organization, parachute clubs are active throughout this country. Whereas military parachuting has as its goal the landing of groups of men with their equipment in a small enough space that they can accomplish a tactical mission, sport parachuting puts more emphasis on the individual, his performance during free-fall descent, and his target accuracy. From a hastily recruited team assembled to compete in the Third International Parachuting Championship at Moscow in 1956, sport parachuting has expanded throughout our country. There are now over 500 clubs in operation, under the sponsorship of the Parachute Club of America (PCA). Although there are over 20
Changes in surgical intervention patterns in rheumatoid arthritis over 10 years in one centre
Authors: C Kolling, D B Herren, B R Simmen, J Goldhahn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Clinical observations indicate that the course of disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has become milder during the past decade.1 Less severe symptoms2 as well as the declining need for orthopaedic interventions3 4 are most likely the result of more potent drugs. However, there is an ongoing debate to what extent single surgical options such as joint-sacrificing arthroplasties or prophylactic synovectomies are affected within the surgical treatment concept. Therefore, we reviewed the electronic medical records in our orthopaedic clinic, which serves a huge regional population and is regarded as a reference clinic for RA patients over many years. Special characteristics of the clinic are a common treatment philosophy5 and a low turnover rate …