tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P145 S100A12 as a biomarker for neutrophil mediated inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Z Nikolakopoulou, M Smith, LR Hector, A Burke-Gaffney, GJ Quinlan
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3></h3> Cardiac surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass (snCPB) is often associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and insufficient post-operative oxygenation, transiently fulfilling the criteria for acute lung injury (ALI); for a minority, SIRS becomes severe with an inherent mortality risk. SIRS is characterised by a marked increase in the production of neutrophils and their recruitment into the circulation. S100A12 (calgranulins C, EN-RAGE) is the predominant endogenously expressed neutrophil associated S100 protein. Its presence in plasma suggests utility as a biomarker of inflammation given that S100A12 was the first S100 protein shown to bind to the pro-inflammatory receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). We therefore undertook this study to ascertain whether increased release of S100A12 following snCPB is associated with aspects of the operative procedure and also levels of other established biomarkers of inflammation/ neutrophil activation in this patient population. <h3>Methods</h3> 39 patients undergoing complex cardiac surgery necessitating CPB were recruited for the study. Peripheral blood was collected pre-operatively and immediately post-CPB and plasma was isolated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure myeloperoxidase (MPO), S100A12, IL-6 and IL-8 in these samples. In addition a series of clinical patient variables were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism v.5, USA. One way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunn’s test was used and a p value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Correlation between variables was assessed using the nonparametric Spearman test. <h3>Results</h3> Plasma levels of S100A12 were significantly increased following snCPB (from 8.52 ng/ml, IQR 4.1–13.1 to 144.6 ng/ml, IQR 86.7–206.7). Post-snCPB levels of S100A12 correlated, positively with post-snCPB levels of MPO (r = 0.418, p = 0.01), white cell count (r = 0.322, p = 0.01) and neutrophil count (r = 0.363, p = 0.027), as well as CPB time (r = 0.399, p = 0.013), but not with length of ICU and hospital stay. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study shows that surgery-necessitating CPB results in the release of S100A12. Associations found suggest that S100A12 may be a biomarker for neutrophilia and neutrophil activation related to the onset of SIRS in this population.
Tobacco Foes Attack Ads That Target Women, Minorities, Teens, and the Poor
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

FROM GHETTOS to ski slopes, tobacco advertisements are coming down. Advocates for minors, minorities, women, and the poor are on the offensive, scoffing at tobacco company claims that cigarette promotions are not aimed at the groups most at risk for acquiring nicotine addiction. Antismoking activists are adopting what they see as the industry's own tactics, moving away from wide-angle warnings about the long-term health threats and focusing instead on specific brands, the smoker's self-image, and the short-term social consequences, in messages tailored to specific groups. "We've done a good job of reaching middle-class white America, but not the groups most at risk," says American Cancer Society (ACS) spokesman Steve Dickinson. So new ACS ads twist the tobacco industry's images of success and sophistication. As a beautiful, dark-skinned woman smoking a cigarette becomes covered with a gloppy substance, the ad asks, "If what happened on your insides happened on your outsides,
VINCENT'S ANGINA OCCURRING IN A PATIENT UNDER TREATMENT FOR SYPHILIS
Authors: Irwin C. Sutton
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Despite the fact that Vincent's angina is a local disease, in the sense that there is no spirochetemia, there are many clinicians who supplement the topical treatment with intravenous injections of the arsphenamins.  The case here reported is of interest, occurring, as it did, in a patient who was receiving an intramuscular injection of 0.4 gm. of sulpharsphenamin at short intervals, and no mercury. If the arsphenamins are of value when exhibited in any manner except locally, should not the comparatively high body saturation reached after the third injection protect the individual against Vincent's disease? I have seen a similar instance once, but there the diagnosis was less clean cut, because of the possibility of a bismuth stomatitis.  REPORT OF CASE  History.  —A single woman, aged 31, seen through the courtesy of Drs. Frank Chandler and Fred Bricker, admitted numerous exposures and the development of a primary lesion two months
Hypersensitivity to carrot associated with specific IgE to grass and tree pollens
Authors: M. Gómez, G. Curiel, J. Mendez, M. Rodriguez, I. Moneo
Journal: Allergy (1996)

This study deals with a 34-year-old female cook with no previous history of atopy, who was studied because of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and contact urticaria in both hands associated with severe itching when she handled raw carrot. The patient had had anaphylactic episodes after accidental ingestion of raw carrots, but she tolerated cooked carrots. Skin prick tests with carrot, celery, and olive, and birch, grass, and mugwort pollens were positive. Total IgE was 411 UI/ml. Specific IgE to olive, grass, and weed pollens were 10.92, 6.17, and 2.4 AU/ml, respectively. The histamine release test was positive for carrot, celery, celeriac, and olive pollen up to a dilution of 1/10(6). Immunoblot of raw carrot showed a single IgE-binding 18-kDa band. IgE reactivity for raw carrot immunoblot was completely inhibited by carrot and by celery, but not by olive or grass pollens. Specific IgE to olive pollen was not inhibited by carrot. The existence of monosensitization to an 18-kDa protein in carrot and specific IgE to olive pollen has not been reported in the celery-carrot-mugwort-spice syndrome.
Effectiveness of Advanced Paramedics in a Mobile Coronary Care System
Authors: Richard P. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The mobilized coronary care system in Columbus, Ohio, began with operation of a single vehicle with a physician in attendance. Currently, advanced emergency medical technician-paramedics work without direct physician supervision. When both experiences are compared, the results indicate that advanced emergency medical technician-paramedics working independently perform as well as physician counterparts. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1902-1904, 1979)
Transplant-Related Rabies
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Successful prolonged resuscitation after open heart surgery
Authors: H. Stein, S. Rubin, G. Merin, S. Cotev, J. B. Borman
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Five selected cases of successful prolonged resuscitation (up to 16 hours) after open heart surgery are presented. Four had undergone prosthetic valve insertion, two being double replacements. External cardiac massage did not produce any demonstrable damage to the heart or the implanted valve prostheses, the competent prostheses probably assuring the haemodynamic effectiveness of the massage. Intermittent positive pressure breathing via an endotracheal tube providing 100% oxygen was begun immediately in all cases. The continuous monitoring of blood pressure through an intra-arterial cannula during resuscitation was of great value. It indicated the minimum amount of force that had to be applied to obtain satisfactory perfusion and enabled frequent arterial blood sampling for pH and blood gas analyses. Thus acidosis could rapidly and effectively be corrected. Comment is made upon the use of bretylium tosylate and chlorpromazine during resuscitation. The value of the continuous presence of a physician at the bedside of patients after open heart surgery and an aggressive, stubborn approach to cardiopulmonary resuscitation as long as vital signs are present is stressed.
Management of Brown Recluse Spider Bite-Reply
Authors: Lloyd E. King
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Based on previous experience in an endemic area and our report, Dr Berger questions whether dapsone is indicated for severe brown recluse spider "bites." We agree that (1) not all "bites" should be treated<sup>1</sup>; (2) in experimental loxoscelism, blood vessels were the primary site of damage; and (3) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were required for extensive cutaneous necrosis.<sup>2</sup>We also point out that in humans, extensive PMN accumulation and perivasculitis are routinely noted 24 to 72 hours after the bite and<i>before skin necrosis</i>(personal observations<sup>3</sup>). These findings have diagnostic and prognostic implications. In humans, once skin necrosis occurs, lesions persist for weeks. The goal of dapsone therapy is to decrease the ulcerated bite size and speed resolution. In experimental animals, any therapy such as dapsone or specific antivenom that reduced inflammation and PMN infiltration proportionately reduced cutaneous morbidity. Persistent inflammation in bites has been studied
Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction Gap and Dual Pathway Electrophysiology
Authors: Todor Mazgalev, Patrick Tchou
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The gap phenomenon in atrioventricular (AV) conduction is described as a block that occurs within a range of atrial coupling intervals. This block is assumed to occur between two adjacent parts of the conduction system having different refractory properties; thus, a gap would develop if the functional refractory period of the proximal unit was shorter than the effective refractory period of the distal unit. We describe a new electrophysiological mechanism based on dual pathways electrophysiology of the AV node. Methods and Results In vitro experiments were performed on isolated superfused rabbit hearts. Standard electrophysiological pacing and recording techniques were used to generate conduction curves. The gap phenomenon was documented in 9 of 14 nodal preparations. With shortening of the atrial coupling interval, antegrade conduction block of the “fast” pathway wave front occurred while this impulse was still retrogradely interfering with slow pathway conduction. That is, the fast pathway wave front prevented propagation of the anterograde “slow” pathway wave front by collision or by creating a refractory barrier. This mechanism produced a gap and the block persisted until, at even shorter coupling intervals, the fast wave front penetration became insufficient and conduction was restored through the released slow pathway wave front. This mechanism was verified in AV nodal preparations with separated inputs, in which independent fast and slow wave fronts could be induced and programmed to collide. Conclusions Our results established the functional interaction of fast and slow pathway wave fronts as an important electrophysiological mechanism underlying the AV conduction gap. This mechanism may be responsible for a variety of clinically observed conduction discontinuities.
Overexpression of Cyclase-Associated Protein 2 in Multistage Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Rie Shibata, Taisuke Mori, Wenlin Du, Makoto Chuma, Masahiro Gotoh, Motohide Shimazu, Masakazu Ueda, Setsuo Hirohashi, Michiie Sakamoto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with chronic liver disease is known to show an obvious multistage process of tumor progression. We previously identified heat shock protein 70 as a molecular marker of early HCC during investigation of expression profiling in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. In this report, we examined cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2), which is also listed as an up-regulated gene in early HCC. Experimental Design: We measured the level of CAP2 mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR. We raised a polyclonal antibody against CAP2 and we confirmed the expression of CAP2 by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in HCC cell lines and HCC tissues. Results: According to real-time quantitative PCR, the level of CAP2 mRNA was up-regulated in early HCC when compared with noncancerous liver tissue, and it was further up-regulated in progressed HCC. We raised a polyclonal antibody against CAP2, which showed a single 53-kDa band of strong intensity in the human HCC cell lines and HCC tissues but only a weak band in the noncancerous liver tissues in Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical examination of CAP2 revealed its significant overexpression in early HCC when compared with noncancerous and precancerous lesions and in progressed HCC when compared with early HCC. Conclusion: Our findings show that CAP2 is up-regulated in HCC when compared with noncancerous and precancerous lesions. This is the first report that proves that CAP2 is up-regulated in human cancers and that this is possibly related to multistage hepatocarcinogenesis.
The Secret of Caring for Mr. Golubchuk
Authors: Alan Jotkowitz, Shimon Glick, Ari Z. Zivotofsky
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size We would like to thank all of the respondents for their insightful comments and the mutually respectable tone of the debate on this contentious issue. It is a tribute to the American Journal of Bioethics for creating this format for a learned and amicable discourse.
Elaborating the social brain hypothesis of schizophrenia
Authors: Jonathan Kenneth Burns
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

I defend the case for an evolutionary theory of schizophrenia and the social brain, arguing that such an exercise necessitates a broader methodology than that familiar to neuroscience. I propose a reworked evolutionary genetic model of schizophrenia, drawing on insights from commentators, buttressing my claim that psychosis is a costly consequence of sophisticated social cognition in humans. Expanded models of social brain anatomy and the spectrum of psychopathologies are presented in terms of upper and lower social brain and top-down and bottom-up processes. Finally, I argue that cerebral asymmetry evolved as an emergent property of primary intrahemispheric reorganisation in hominoids.
FLUOROSIS, FLUID FLUORIDATION, AND FOOD FLUORIDE
Authors: ROBERT K. MADDOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 May 1969FLUOROSIS, FLUID FLUORIDATION, AND FOOD FLUORIDEROBERT K. MADDOCK JR., M.D.ROBERT K. MADDOCK JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1049 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In preparing for an educational program on the safety of fluoridation of public water systems as a method of preventing dental caries, I came across a report appearing in the ANNALS(1) which is being used as the basis for an argument against fluoridation of drinking water (2). The authors describe a man with fluorotic radiculomyelopathy, which is usually due to the daily ingestion of 20 to 80 mg of fluoride. The patient had experienced 30 years of polydipsia (4 to 10 liters per day) and had been exposed to water containing between 2.2 and 3.5 ppm...References1. SAUERBRUNNRYANSHAW BJCMJF: Chronic fluoride intoxication with fluorotic radiculomyelopathy. Ann. Intern. Med. 63: 1074, 1965. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ZANFAGNA PE: Medical aspects of fluoridation; three deaths in fluoridation, in First National Symposium of Fluoridation, sponsored by The National Health Federation, Foothill Printers, Monrovia, Calif., 1966, p. 56. Google Scholar3. MCCLURE FJ: Fluorine in foods. Public Health Rep. 64: 1061, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GERSHON-COHENMCCLENDON JJF: The cariostatic effect of fluorine in tea. J. Albert Einstein Med. Center 5: 153, 1956-1957. Google Scholar5. GREENWOOD DA: Fluoride intoxication, Physiol. Rev. 20: 582, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. YOUNG HB: A study of dental health in American children of Italian origin and comparable groups in Italy. New Eng. J. Med. 267: 843, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. TAVESFREEMANKAMMRAMOSSCRIBNER DRRBDECPBH: Hemodialysis with fluoridated dialysate. Amer. Society Artif. Intern. Org. 14: 412, 1968. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT K. MADDOCKJR., M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1049-1050KeywordsFoodIngestionPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Relationship between Prothrombin Time and Bleeding in the Clinical Use of Dicumarol after Operation
Authors: C. ADRIAN M. HOGBEN, EDGAR V. ALLEN
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Experienced clinicians have known for some time that bleeding owing to the use of dicumarol is not entirely a measure of the degree of prothrombin deficiency. This presentation emphasizes that bleeding may occur when prothrombin deficiency is not great and that bleeding may fail to occur when prothrombin deficiency is marked. Nonetheless great prothrombin deficiency causes bleeding more frequently than lesser degrees of prothrombin deficiency. Time is an important factor, for patients are much more apt to bleed when prothrombin deficiency has endured for several days than when it has been present only a day or so.
Intussusception of the Appendix
Authors: J. W. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1911)

The following is a tabulated summary of the important ,points of the analyses: Beforethe JRaoe.1. "Nucleo-albumen," albumen, globulin and sugar absent in -everyapecimen.2. Indican present in much excess in one urine.In the other .specimens it was present innormal quantities.3. The-sediments, which appeared normal to the naked eye, showed nothing abnormal microsoopically except oxalate crystals which were present in fLve of the eight specimens.After the Race. 1. Seven specimens contained "nucleo-albumen," albumen, and globulin,'and in the sediments hyalin and faintly-granular casts, and epithelial oells.In three of these there were in the sediments red blood corpuscles; in five calcium oxalate crystals -sparsely distributed.> 2. One specimen was free from "nucleo-albumen," albumen, -and globu[in, but contained hyalin and faintly-granular casts in the sediment.3. Sugar absent in all.4. The tests ffor indican gave practically the same results as *.those before the contest.
Rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by use of Reagent Strips
Authors: José Castellote, Carmen López, Joan Gornals, Gemma Tremosa, Eva Rodríguez Fariña, Carmen Baliellas, Alicia Domingo, Xavier Xiol
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We studied the use of reagent strips for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients with ascites. A reagent strip for leukocyte esterase designed for the testing of urine with a colorimetric 5–grade scale (0 to 4) was used to evaluate ascitic fluid in 228 nonselected paracentesis performed in 128 cirrhotic patients. We diagnosed 52 SBP and 5 secondary bacterial peritonitis by means of polymorphonuclear cell count and classical criteria. When we considered positive a reagent strip result of 3 or 4, sensitivity was 89% (51 of 57), specificity was 99% (170 of 171), and positive predictive value was 98%. When we considered positive a reagent strip result of 2 or more, sensitivity was 96% (55 of 57), specificity was 89% (152 of 171), and negative predictive value was 99%. In conclusion, the use of reagent strips is a rapid, easy to use, and inexpensive tool for diagnosis of ascitic fluid infection. A positive result should be an indication for empirical antibiotic therapy, and a negative result may be useful as a screening test to exclude SBP. (Hepatology 2003;37:893–896.)
Clinical Lectures on Neurasthenia.
Authors: Thomas Dixon Savill
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal