tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Remarks on Excision of the Elbow-Joint for the Results of Injury
Authors: F. Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1865)

madle twelve riioiiths ago in mtiy duties a:s a te';acher of cliniical sur- gery-a change, namely, fr-omii an lioiir's form-al clinical IectuVc to a couple of hoors eachl wee'k (ill- (lependentlilv, of course, of ouir systematic v-isits to the wards), of partly cliniical lecturee.patly clincal - inonstration, partly clinical examin.tiotwn-lias.aLunong other advanlsttages, this One : 1 can l.rillg before yoll a larger numiiiiber of surgical.topics for practical illuis- tration.anld re-introdIucte, ehaiigu, or dismniss tlhei at wil-l.Joint-diseases Lave alwuays occupied iiitcli of our attention, because of their frequencey, theiir imiiportaniice, and(l the rapi(l progress of ouir knowledge of their surgery in recent years.It 4'.1 is not niiolre tlhan true to say, that this branch of surgery.as exem)litied in the 'writings of BIonnet, elichet, Bryant, Bar- well, Sayre, Baiuer.anId mllanly otlhers, is as mluclih ill advance. of the state in hivh Sir 13.Blro(lie placed' it, as Sir 1).lrod1ie's viewvs were in advanee of those of his, pmredc essors.N-or is this inprovemencut found(I in patholo'' onty; it is seeni in treatment also, especially ill tlle racltiee of excisioni of jOillts, tllC value of Nvlincl, pa rtielnmarly in thle uippe extremiiity, where mobility is t'le great rcinuisite, eannilot be too Iiiglhly estimated.I havoe so oftfn drawnvi your at- tenltioll to thle svre1 fe.etmues of thW IrO"Iess (Of our
Basilar arterial constriction caused by intracisternal NG-nitro-L-arginine in anesthetized monkeys
Authors: T. Okamura, K. Ayajiki, N. Toda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The present study was designed to determine whether tonic nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilator innervation participates in basilar arterial dilatation in the anesthetized Japanese monkey.The basilar arterial diameter was angiographically measured, and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, was intracisternally applied.The injection of L-NNA produced a sustained constriction of the basilar artery, the effect being reversed by the cisternal injection of L-arginine. The vasoconstriction tended to be accelerated by treatment with phentolamine. Under alpha-adrenoceptor blockade, hexamethonium significantly attenuated the vasoconstrictor response to L-NNA. Intracisternal injections of this inhibitor did not alter the systemic blood pressure and heart rate.These findings suggest that construction by the NO synthase inhibitor of the monkey basilar artery is associated with suppression of synthesis of NO in vasodilator nerves receiving tonic impulses from the central nervous system. The basilar arterial tone appears to be regulated by nitroxidergic and adrenergic nerves and by NO derived from the endothelium in anesthetized monkeys.
Specificity of the helper T cell for the cytolytic T lymphocyte response to influenza viruses
Authors: CS Reiss, SJ Burakoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

We have described a model system in which helper T cells are required to mount a primary antiviral cytolytic T lymphocyte response. The radioresistant helper cell can be found in the spleens of mice that have been immunized subcutaneously with influenza viruses 6-8 d previously. These helper cells appear to be type specific but cross-reactive among the subtypes of influenza A viruses. The phenotypes of the interacting cell populations were determined.
Effects of reduction in heroin supply on injecting drug use: analysis of data from needle and syringe programmes
Authors: Carolyn Day, Louisa Degenhardt, Stuart Gilmour, Wayne Hall
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In early 2001 there was a dramatic decline in the availability of heroin in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, where previously heroin had been readily available at a low price and high purity.1 The decline was confirmed by Australia's strategic early warning system, which revealed a reduction in heroin supply across Australia and a considerable increase in price,2 particularly from January to April 2001.

This “heroin shortage” provided a natural experiment in which to examine the effect of substantial changes in price and availability on injecting drug use and its associated harms in Australia's largest heroin market,2 a setting in which harm reduction strategies were widely used. Publicly funded needle and syringe programmes were introduced to Australia in 1987, and methadone maintenance programmes, which were established in the 1970s, were significantly expanded in 1985 and again in 1999.

In NSW needle and syringe programmes are delivered primarily within the public sector through area health services. There is also a private sector programme, subsidised by the government, delivered through pharmacies (known as “fitpacks”). …
VEGFR-1 (FLT-1), β1 integrin, and hERG K+ channel for a macromolecular signaling complex in acute myeloid leukemia: role in cell migration and clinical outcome
Authors: Serena Pillozzi, Maria Felice Brizzi, Pietro Antonio Bernabei, Benedetta Bartolozzi, Roberto Caporale, Venere Basile, Vieri Boddi, Luigi Pegoraro, Andrea Becchetti, Annarosa Arcangeli
Journal: Blood (2007)
Abstract 1959: Lgr5 marks an enriched population of fetal mammary stem cells
Authors: Christy L. Trejo, Ben Spike, Geoff Wahl
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Basal-like breast cancers have unique characteristics that may contribute to their particularly poor prognosis. These include a high degree of genomic instability, intra-tumor heterogeneity, and gene expression profiles similar to those of normal mammary stem cells. These characteristics may arise through the aberrant propagation of normal stem cells. Alternatively, mutations commonly found in this subtype may be the dominant determinant of tumor phenotype. In order to explore these possibilities, pure populations of stem cells need to be isolated and analyzed. Our lab has identified a population of fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSCs) in the mouse whose gene expression profiles show a striking enrichment for those of human basal tumors. When fMaSCs were targeted with a p53 mutation, commonly found in human basal cancer, a tumor arose within 5 weeks- the shortest latency we have observed from any cell type. This suggests that fMaSCs are particularly prone to tumorigenesis and may likely be a source of basal-like tumors in the adult. Mammary stem cell activity becomes detectable at a defined time in late embryonic development, peaks right before birth, diminishes rapidly at birth, and remains low in the adult. We have since identified Lgr5 to be highly expressed in fMaSCs at the peak of their stem cell activity. We have gone on to use it to isolate the most pure population of fMaSCs measured yet by in vitro means. When plated in 3D culture containing 2% matrigel, up to 50% of Lgr5-expressing fetal mammary cells formed correctly polarized mammospheres. Using three independent methods, we will determine how Lgr5 expression tracks with stem cell activity throughout development and use this marker to test for the persistence of fetal-like stem cells in the adult mammary gland. We will develop comprehensive gene expression profiles from Lgr5+ cells throughout development to identify molecular correlates of the stem cell state. The relative contributions of developmental state of cell of origin or mutational status to tumor phenotype are poorly understood. We will test the capacity of stem cells at various stages of development to give rise to tumors when targeted with mutations commonly found in human basal tumors. A thorough analysis of tumors will reveal links between development, tumor initiation and progression, and provide insight into strategies to treat basal breast cancers. Citation Format: Christy L. Trejo, Ben Spike, Geoff Wahl. Lgr5 marks an enriched population of fetal mammary stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1959. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1959
Pharmacokinetics, Prandial Glucose Control, and Safety of Insulin Glulisine in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Thomas Danne, Reinhard H. A. Becker, Tim Heise, Claudia Bittner, Annke D. Frick, Klaus Rave
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics, postprandial blood glucose excursions, and safety of insulin glulisine as compared with regular human insulin (RHI), both administered immediately before meals in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 10 children (aged 5–11 years) and 10 adolescents (aged 12–17 years) were enrolled in a randomized, single-center, single-dose, double-blind, cross-over study. The blood glucose of fasting patients was stabilized with intravenous insulin, following which patients received 0.15 IU/kg of subcutaneously injected insulin glulisine or RHI 2 min before a weight-adjusted standardized liquid meal. RESULTS—For insulin glulisine versus RHI, maximum insulin concentrations (58 vs. 33 μIU/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and initial insulin concentrations (insulin [area under the curve] AUC0–2h 5,232 vs. 2,994 μIU · min−1 · ml−1, P &amp;lt; 0.05; data are geometric means) were higher after insulin glulisine than RHI. Both time to maximum insulin concentration (54 vs. 66 min) and mean residence time (88 vs. 137 min, P &amp;lt; 0.05) were shorter with insulin glulisine versus RHI. Postprandial glucose excursions after insulin glulisine were lower than after RHI (glucose AUC0–6h 641 vs. 801 mg · h−1 · dl−1, P &amp;lt; 0.05). The pharmacokinetic profile for insulin glulisine was similar for children and adolescents, whereas the pharmacokinetic profile for RHI demonstrated a 64% higher concentration in adolescents. Insulin glulisine was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS—The rapid-acting properties of insulin glulisine that have been previously demonstrated in adults are also observed in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Further, these initial data indicate that insulin glulisine is safe and well tolerated in this patient population.
Unexplained hepatitis following halothane.
Authors: B Walton, B R Simpson, L Strunin, D Doniach, J Perrin, A J Appleyard
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Full clinical and laboratory details of 203 patients with postoperative jaundice were submitted to a panel of hepatologists. All patients whose jaundice may have had an identifiable cause were excluded, which left 76 patients with unexplained hepatitis following halothane anaesthesia (UHFH). Hepatitis in 95% of these cases followed multiple exposure to halothane, with repeated exposure within four weeks in 55% of cases. Twenty-nine patients were obese, 52 were aged 41-70, and 53 were women. Thirteen patients died in acute hepatic failure. Rapid onset of jaundice after anaesthesia, male sex, and obesity in either sex were poor prognostic signs. Of the clinical stigmata of hypersensitivity, only eosinophilia was impressive. The UHFH group had a much greater incidence of liver kidney microsomal (LKM) and thyroid antibodies and autoimmune complement fixation than those patients whose jaundice related to identifiable factors. Thirteen of the 19 patients with LKM antibodies also had thyroid antibodies. In six patients retested two to three years later LKM antibodies had disappeared, although thyroid antibodies persisted. Rapidly repeated exposure to halothane may cause hepatitis, but such a complication is probably rare. Possibly obese women with a tendency to organ-specific autoimmunity may be more at risk. Nevertheless, the comparative risks of rapidly repeated halothane or non-halothane anaesthesia cannot be determined from the present data. If alternative satisfactory agents are available halothane should be avoided in patients with unexplained hepatitis after previous exposure, although in three to five patients with UHFH who were re-exposed to halothane jaundice did not recur.
Extensive esophageal damage resembling carcinoma due to tetracycline intake
Authors: F. Karaahmet, Y. Coşkun, E. Erarslan, I. Yuksel
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 36-year-old woman presented with severe odynophagia, dysphagia, and retrosternal chest pain of sudden clinical onset. The patient had a history of facially distributed acne and had been on tetracycline for 2 days. She had no history of other medications, history of caustic ingestion or irradiation, or any history of esophageal disease. Oropharyngeal and other physical examination findings were normal. No abnormalities were found in the laboratory tests, echocardiogram, or chest radiograph.
Efficacy of a Weight Management Program in Overweight Children—Reply
Authors: Mary Savoye, James Dziura
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ventricular Structure and Function in Aged Dogs With Renal Hypertension
Authors: Vijaya K. Munagala, Chari Y.T. Hart, John C. Burnett, Donna M. Meyer, Margaret M. Redfield
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Heart failure (HF) with normal ejection fraction (diastolic HF [DHF]) usually occurs in elderly patients with hypertension. The presence and significance of altered systolic and diastolic ventricular function in DHF is increasingly controversial. Our objective was to develop a clinically relevant large-animal model to better understand the pathophysiology of DHF. Methods and Results— Ventricular structure and function were characterized in young control (YC group; n=6), old control (OC group; n=7), and old dogs made hypertensive by renal wrapping (experimental DHF [ExDHF] group; n=8). The ExDHF group was associated with normal left ventricular (LV) volume, increased LV mass, and myocardial fibrosis. LV relaxation was impaired in ExDHF (τ=53±6 ms) compared with OC (τ=35±3 ms; P &lt;0.05) and YC (τ=33±6 ms; P &lt;0.05) dogs. The percent diastole at which relaxation is complete was increased in ExDHF (116±30%) compared with OC (69±8%; P &lt;0.05) and YC (35±5%; P &lt;0.05) dogs. The coefficient of LV diastolic stiffness was similar in OC, YC, and ExDHF dogs. Diastolic pressures increased dramatically in response to increases in blood pressure. End-systolic LV stiffness was enhanced in ExDHF dogs and after load enhancement of myocardial performance was maintained. Arterial stiffness was increased in ExDHF dogs. Conclusions— Aged dogs with chronic hypertension exhibit LV hypertrophy and fibrosis with impaired LV relaxation but no increase in the coefficient of LV diastolic stiffness. LV systolic and arterial stiffness are increased, which may exacerbate load-dependent impairment of relaxation and contribute to increased filling pressures with hypertensive episodes. This model mimics many of the structural and functional characteristics described in the limited studies of human DHF and provides insight into the pathogenesis of DHF.
Structured medium-chain and long-chain triglyceride emulsions are superior to physical mixtures in sparing body protein in the burned rat
Authors: King Tong Mok, Alberto Maiz, Kazuma Yamazaki, Javier Sobrado, Vigen K. Babayan, Lyle L. Moldawer, Bruce R. Bistrian, George L. Blackburn
Journal: Metabolism (1984)
Lei Wang: Expanding the language of life
Authors: Kira O'Day
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Organisms generally have only 20 amino acids to work with. True, they've managed to accomplish quite a bit with those ingredients, but imagine the possibilities if more choices were available. While a graduate student in Peter Schultz's lab at UC Berkeley, Lei Wang figured out a way to stick unnatural amino acids into E. coli proteins at rare stop codons. He did this by borrowing protein synthesis components, called orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl synthetase-tRNA pairs, from other organisms such as the rugged archaebacteria (1). The resulting protein chimeras have extraordinary properties. For example, Wang has made a growth hormone that sticks around longer than its natural counterpart and a mutant receptor that glows when meeting its formerly orphaned ligand.

From 2002 to 2005, Wang worked as a postdoc with Roger Tsien (cowinner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry) at the Salk Institute. There, Wang attempted to hasten protein evolution by using somatic hypermutation—a process used by B cells to diversify immunoglobulins—to induce mutations in selected target genes. Using this strategy, Wang developed a new and improved red fluorescent protein with increased far-red emissions and photostability (2, 3), surpassing the best efforts of structure-based protein engineers. With high-throughput screening systems, this technology could generate a variety of therapeutically and industrially useful proteins. Think better detergents, both in the lab and at the laundromat.




Figure 1





Lei Wang




Since 2005, Wang has headed up his own lab at the Salk Institute, where he continues to push the envelope of protein evolution. He is also using unnatural amino acids to explore biological processes in mammalian cells and model organisms (4, 5).
Functional commitment to helper T cell lineage precedes positive selection and is independent of T cell receptor MHC specificity
Authors: Paola Corbella, Demetrius Moskophidis, Eugenia Spanopoulou, Clio Mamalaki, Mauro Tolaini, Andrea Itano, Deborah Lans, David Baltimore, Ellen Robeyj, Dimitris Kioussis
Journal: Immunity (1994)
Hydroxylated Metabolites of the Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Mixture DE-71 Are Weak Estrogen Receptor-α Ligands
Authors: Minerva Mercado-Feliciano, Robert M. Bigsby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely found in the environment and are suspected endocrine disruptors. We previously identified six hydroxylated metabolites of PBDE (OH-PBDEs) in treated mice.We tested the hypothesis that OH-PBDEs would interact with and alter activity of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha).We tested estrogenicity using two assays: 3H-estradiol (3H-E2) displacement from recombinant ER-alpha and induction of reporter gene (ERE-luciferase) in cultured cells. We incubated the PBDE mixture DE-71 with rat liver microsomes and tested the resultant metabolite mixture for estrogenic activity. We also determined relative estrogenic potential of individual hydroxylated PBDE congeners.Reporter gene activity was increased by DE-71 that had been subjected to microsomal metabolism. DE-71 did not displace E2 from ER-alpha, but all six of the OH-PBDE metabolites did. para-Hydroxylated metabolites displayed a 10- to 30-fold higher affinity for ER-alpha compared with ortho-hydroxylated PBDEs, and one produced a maximal effect 30% higher than that produced by E2. Coadministration of E2 and DE-71, or certain of its metabolites, yielded reporter activity greater than either chemical alone. Two ortho-OH-PBDEs were antiestrogenic in the reporter assay.The observations--that the DE-71 mixture did not displace 3H-E2 from ER-alpha while the hydroxylated metabolites did-suggest that the weak estrogenic effects of DE-71 are due to metabolic activation of individual congeners. However, the behavior of DE-71 and its metabolites, when co-administered with E2, suggest a secondary, undetermined mechanism from classical ER-alpha activation.
CASE OF TETANUS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED BY ASPIRATION OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND INJECTION OF MORPHINEUCAIN AND SALT SOLUTION.
Authors: JOHN B. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>History.</h3> —Alex. S., aged 8 years, was admitted to Mercy Hospital July 10, 1904. He is one of eight healthy children and has had no previous illness. Seven days preceding admission, while crossing a dirty street, he stepped on a piece of glass, cutting his foot in two places. He received [ill] medical treatment, except that the foot was washed by his father and applications made of a lotion and of antiphlogistin. This was prescribed by a physician without seeing the case. Five days later (six days after the accident) stiffness of the jaw began and he was seen for the first time by a physician. At this time he had had for twenty-four hours pronounced trismus. and spasm of the muscles of the neck, with occasionally contraction of the muscles of the back, but not severe. There had been no chills, fever, nor sweats. There was
Post‐transplant hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma successfully treated with hyperCVAD regimen
Authors: Siok‐Keen Tey, Paula V. Marlton, Carmel M. Hawley, Debra Norris, Devinder S. Gill
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma (HSTL) is an aggressive lymphoma. In post‐transplant immunosuppressed patients, HSTL is usually rapidly fatal. We report successful treatment of post‐transplant HSTL in a 50‐year‐old renal allograft recipient by reducing immunosuppression and using intensive chemotherapy consisting of alternating cycles of HyperCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) and MTX/HiDAC (methotrexate, Ara‐C). Remission is ongoing at 8+ years. Literature review identified another 20 cases of HSTL in solid organ transplant recipients: median survival was 4 months; no other patients survived beyond 12 months. Bone marrow involvement was universal, but changes were often subtle: 6 of 12 cases had nondiagnostic examinations earlier on. High index of suspicion may lead to more timely diagnosis of this uncommon form of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and treatment with intensive chemotherapy such as HyperCVAD may be curative. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Determination of Cardiac Output by the Dilution Method without Arterial Sampling
Authors: WILLIAM J. MACINTYRE, WALTER H. PRITCHARD, THOMHAS W. MOIR
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The selection of an external site for a radioisotope determination of cardiac output is discussed with respect to satisfying the analytical conditions of the Stewart-Hamilton dilution equation. Examples of both single-chamber and multichamber recording are illustrated, along with a discussion of the difficulties of curve calibration and extrapolation from multiple sites. The development of a method independent of critical placement or patient variability is described.
Japanese herbal medicine Inchin-ko-to as a therapeutic drug for liver fibrosis
Authors: Mie Inao, Satoshi Mochida, Atsushi Matsui, Yuichiro Eguchi, Yusufu Yulutuz, Yanhong Wang, Kayoko Naiki, Tohru Kakinuma, Kenji Fujimori, Sumiko Nagoshi, Kenji Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Year of delivery
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Here in the Greater Auchendreich Health Board area, delivery is our watchword (along with—of course—patient focus, transparency, and accountability). Never were our watchwords seen to better advantage than at a well attended public meeting of the board held in the Auchendreich Assembly Rooms last week, devoted solely to showcasing our achievements over the past year, and signalling the start of the NHS Auchendreich Delivery Road Show 2005.

Our flagship pan-Auchendreich IT …