tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New regimen for eccentric calf muscle training in insertional achilles tendinopathy: a pilot study
Authors: Sandipan DasSarma, Anirban Mallick, Manabendra Bhattacharyya
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Chronic painful insertional achilles tendinopathy is seen both in physically active and non-active population. The conventional eccentric protocol which loaded the achilles in dorsiflexion does not show good result and article reviews refer 32% positive result. The aim of the study was to investigate a model of eccentric training and effect on chronic insertional achilles tendinopathy. 27 patients (12 men and 15 women with mean age of 30) both active and non-active with a total of 34 painful achilles with a mean duration of pain for 6 months participated. Diagnosis of achilles' tendinopathy is through VISA-A questionnaire. Improvement was measured with comparative VISA-A score and subjective satisfaction. New regimen is followed without loading into dorsiflexion. Protocol followed as three sets of 15 rep, twice a day, 7 days a week for 8 weeks. 67% patients showed significant VISA-A score improvement and a VAS decreased from 69.9 (SD 18.9) to 21 (SD 20.6). Rest shows VAS significant reduction but not fully satisfied. The pilot study shows an overall p value &lt;0.001 in 67% satisfied patient. In this short-term pilot study, this new model showed promising clinical result of 67% patients in comparison to 32% as predicted for traditional protocol.
<i>ERG</i> Is a Megakaryocytic Oncogene
Authors: Samira Salek-Ardakani, Gil Smooha, Jasper de Boer, Neil J. Sebire, Michelle Morrow, Liat Rainis, Sandy Lee, Owen Williams, Shai Izraeli, Hugh J.M. Brady
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Ets-related gene (ERG) is a member of the ETS transcription factor gene family located on Hsa21. ERG is known to have a crucial role in establishing definitive hematopoiesis and is required for normal megakaryopoiesis. Truncated forms of ERG are associated with multiple cancers such as Ewing's sarcoma, prostate cancer, and leukemia as part of oncogenic fusion translocations. Increased expression of ERG is highly indicative of poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and ERG is expressed in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL); however, it is unclear if expression of ERG per se has a leukemogenic activity. We show that ectopic expression of ERG in fetal hematopoietic progenitors promotes megakaryopoiesis and that ERG alone acts as a potent oncogene in vivo leading to rapid onset of leukemia in mice. We observe that the endogenous ERG is required for the proliferation and maintenance of AMKL cell lines. ERG also strongly cooperates with the GATA1s mutated protein, found in Down syndrome AMKL, to immortalize megakaryocyte progenitors, suggesting that the additional copy of ERG in trisomy 21 may have a role in Down syndrome AMKL. These data suggest that ERG is a hematopoietic oncogene that may play a direct role in myeloid leukemia pathogenesis. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4665–73]
Portal and systemic bacteraemia and endotoxaemia in liver disease.
Authors: D R Triger, T D Boyer, J Levin
Journal: Gut (1978)

Using a percutaneous transhepatic technique, blood was obtained from the portal veins of 30 patients with various hepatic disorders and examined for the presence of bacteria and endotoxin. Simultaneous samples also were drawn from hepatic and peripheral veins. In three cases, portal vein cultures grew diphtheroids, which were of doubtful significance, while all hepatic and peripheral cultures were sterile. Endotoxin was detected in seven portal vein samples; in none of these patients were the hepatic or peripheral blood samples positive. In three cases, only peripheral blood samples were positive for endotoxin. It was concluded that portal bacteraemia occurs as infrequently in patients with liver disease as in those without. Portal endotoxaemia was detected in patients with all degrees of liver disease but, even in patients with moderately severe portal hypertension, the liver may remain an effective filter of endotoxin.
Systematic review of rugby injuries in children and adolescents under 21 years
Authors: Andreas Freitag, Graham Kirkwood, Sebastian Scharer, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Allyson M Pollock
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

A systematic review of rugby union and league injuries among players under the age of 21 years was carried out to calculate probabilities of match injury for a player over a season and a pooled estimate of match injury incidence where studies were sufficiently similar. The probability of a player being injured over a season ranged from 6% to 90% for rugby union and 68% to 96% for rugby league. The pooled injury incidence estimate for rugby union was 26.7/1000 player-hours for injuries irrespective of need for medical attention or time-loss and 10.3/1000 player-hours for injuries requiring at least 7 days absence from games; equivalent to a 28.4% and 12.1% risk of being injured over a season. Study heterogeneity contributed to a wide variation in injury incidence. Public injury surveillance and prevention systems have been successful in reducing injury rates in other countries. No such system exists in the UK.
Interleukin 27 attenuates collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: W Niedbala, B Cai, X Wei, A Patakas, B P Leung, I B McInnes, F Y Liew
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To investigate the potential role of interleukin (IL) 27 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by examining the expression of IL27 in the articular joints of patients with RA and the effect of recombinant IL27 in vivo in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). <h3>Methods:</h3> Synovial membranes from patients with RA were examined for the presence of IL27 by immunohistochemistry and by western blot. Mice developing CIA were treated with IL27 and the ensuing disease progression and immunological profile determined. The effect of IL27 on T-cell response in vitro was also ascertained. <h3>Results:</h3> IL27 was clearly detected in the RA synovial membranes. Short-term administration of IL27 at the onset of the disease significantly attenuated disease severity compared with untreated controls. Histological examination showed that while untreated mice developed severe cellular infiltration in the joints, synovial hyperplasia and joint erosion, this pathology was profoundly reduced in IL27-treated animals. Treatment of mice with IL27 also decreased the amounts of serum IL6 and collagen-specific IgG2a. Spleen and lymph node cells from the IL27-treated mice produced significantly less interferon γ and IL17 than cells from the control mice when cultured with collagen in vitro. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> These results demonstrate that IL27 may be a potential therapeutic agent against RA at the onset of the disease.
Domestic use of hypochlorite bleach, atopic sensitization, and respiratory symptoms in adults
Authors: Jan-Paul Zock, Estel Plana, Josep M. Antó, Geza Benke, Paul D. Blanc, Aurelia Carosso, Anna Dahlman-Höglund, Joachim Heinrich, Deborah Jarvis, Hans Kromhout, Linnéa Lillienberg, Maria C. Mirabelli, Dan Norbäck, Mario Olivieri, Michela Ponzio, Katja Radon, Argo Soon, Marc van Sprundel, Jordi Sunyer, Cecilie Svanes, Kjell Torén, Giuseppe Verlato, Simona Villani, Manolis Kogevinas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Studies on the mechanism of action of dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate in the human jejunum.
Authors: K J Moriarty, M J Kelly, R Beetham, M L Clark
Journal: Gut (1985)

An intestinal perfusion technique has been used to investigate the mechanism of action of the laxative, dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate, in the human jejunum. Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate stimulated net secretion of water, sodium, chloride and potassium and inhibited net absorption of glucose and bicarbonate. These changes in water and solute transport were partially reversed by administration of indomethacin (4 mg/kg/day orally for three days), which suggests that they are mediated in part by endogenous prostaglandins.
Ultrafiltration in Decompensated Heart Failure with Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Bradley A. Bart, Steven R. Goldsmith, Kerry L. Lee, Michael M. Givertz, Christopher M. O'Connor, David A. Bull, Margaret M. Redfield, Anita Deswal, Jean L. Rouleau, Martin M. LeWinter, Elizabeth O. Ofili, Lynne W. Stevenson, Marc J. Semigran, G. Michael Felker, Horng H. Chen, Adrian F. Hernandez, Kevin J. Anstrom, Steven E. McNulty, Eric J. Velazquez, Jenny C. Ibarra, Alice M. Mascette, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Ultrafiltration is an alternative strategy to diuretic therapy for the treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Little is known about the efficacy and safety of ultrafiltration in patients with acute decompensated heart failure complicated by persistent congestion and worsened renal function.We randomly assigned a total of 188 patients with acute decompensated heart failure, worsened renal function, and persistent congestion to a strategy of stepped pharmacologic therapy (94 patients) or ultrafiltration (94 patients). The primary end point was the bivariate change from baseline in the serum creatinine level and body weight, as assessed 96 hours after random assignment. Patients were followed for 60 days.Ultrafiltration was inferior to pharmacologic therapy with respect to the bivariate end point of the change in the serum creatinine level and body weight 96 hours after enrollment (P=0.003), owing primarily to an increase in the creatinine level in the ultrafiltration group. At 96 hours, the mean change in the creatinine level was -0.04±0.53 mg per deciliter (-3.5±46.9 μmol per liter) in the pharmacologic-therapy group, as compared with +0.23±0.70 mg per deciliter (20.3±61.9 μmol per liter) in the ultrafiltration group (P=0.003). There was no significant difference in weight loss 96 hours after enrollment between patients in the pharmacologic-therapy group and those in the ultrafiltration group (a loss of 5.5±5.1 kg [12.1±11.3 lb] and 5.7±3.9 kg [12.6±8.5 lb], respectively; P=0.58). A higher percentage of patients in the ultrafiltration group than in the pharmacologic-therapy group had a serious adverse event (72% vs. 57%, P=0.03).In a randomized trial involving patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure, worsened renal function, and persistent congestion, the use of a stepped pharmacologic-therapy algorithm was superior to a strategy of ultrafiltration for the preservation of renal function at 96 hours, with a similar amount of weight loss with the two approaches. Ultrafiltration was associated with a higher rate of adverse events. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00608491.).
A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Ksiazek Tg, Erdman D, Goldsmith Cs, Zaki, Peret T, Emery S, Tong S, Urbani C, Comer Ja, Lim W, Rollin Pe, Dowell Sf, Ling Ae, Humphrey Cd, Shieh Wj, Guarner J, Paddock Cd, Rota P, Fields B, DeRisi J, Yang Jy, Cox N, Hughes Jm, LeDuc Jw, Bellini Wj, Anderson Lj
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been associated with exposures originating from a single ill health care worker from Guangdong Province, China. We conducted studies to identify the etiologic agent of this outbreak.We received clinical specimens from patients in seven countries and tested them, using virus-isolation techniques, electron-microscopical and histologic studies, and molecular and serologic assays, in an attempt to identify a wide range of potential pathogens.None of the previously described respiratory pathogens were consistently identified. However, a novel coronavirus was isolated from patients who met the case definition of SARS. Cytopathological features were noted in Vero E6 cells inoculated with a throat-swab specimen. Electron-microscopical examination revealed ultrastructural features characteristic of coronaviruses. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining revealed reactivity with group I coronavirus polyclonal antibodies. Consensus coronavirus primers designed to amplify a fragment of the polymerase gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to obtain a sequence that clearly identified the isolate as a unique coronavirus only distantly related to previously sequenced coronaviruses. With specific diagnostic RT-PCR primers we identified several identical nucleotide sequences in 12 patients from several locations, a finding consistent with a point-source outbreak. Indirect fluorescence antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays made with the new isolate have been used to demonstrate a virus-specific serologic response. This virus may never before have circulated in the U.S. population.A novel coronavirus is associated with this outbreak, and the evidence indicates that this virus has an etiologic role in SARS. Because of the death of Dr. Carlo Urbani, we propose that our first isolate be named the Urbani strain of SARS-associated coronavirus.
Tethered spheroids as an in vitro hepatocyte model for drug safety screening
Authors: Lei Xia, Rashidah Binte Sakban, Yinghua Qu, Xin Hong, Wenxia Zhang, Bramasta Nugraha, Wen Hao Tong, Abhishek Ananthanarayanan, Baixue Zheng, Ian Yin-Yan Chau, Ruirui Jia, Michael McMillian, Jose Silva, Shannon Dallas, Hanry Yu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
<i>In Vivo</i> Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Protease Activity by Generation of a Hydrophobic Product from a Noninhibitory Protease Substrate
Authors: Chih-Hung Chuang, Kuo-Hsiang Chuang, Hsin-Ell Wang, Steve R. Roffler, Jen-taie Shiea, Shey-Cherng Tzou, Ta-Chun Cheng, Chien-Han Kao, Shih-Yen Wu, Wei-Lung Tseng, Chiu-Min Cheng, Ming-Feng Hou, Ju-Ming Wang, Tian-Lu Cheng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: To develop an imaging technology for protease activities in patients that could help in prognosis prediction and in design of personalized, protease-based inhibitors and prodrugs for targeted therapy. Experimental Design: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was covalently attached to the N-terminus of a hydrophilic peptide substrate (GPLGVR) for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) to increase hydrophilicity. PEG-peptide was then linked to a hydrophobic tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) domain and labeled with 18F to form a PEG-peptide-18F-TMR probe. Specific cleavage of the probe by MMP2 was tested in vitro by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF). In vivo imaging of MMP2-expressing tumors was evaluated by micro-PET. Results: The hydrophobic TMR fragment (948 Da) was specifically generated by MMP2 enzymes and MMP-expressing HT1080 cells but not control MCF-7 cells. MMP-expressing HT1080 cells and tumors selectively accumulated the hydrolyzed, hydrophobic TMR fragment at sites of protease activity. Importantly, we found that 18F-labeled probe (18F-TMR) preferentially localized in HT1080 tumors but not control MCF-7 tumors as shown by micro-PET. Uptake of the probe in HT1080 tumors was 18.4 ± 1.9-fold greater than in the MCF-7 tumors 30 minutes after injection. These results suggest that the PEG-peptide-18F-TMR probe displays high selectivity for imaging MMP activity. Conclusions: This strategy successfully images MMP expression in vivo and may be extended to other proteases to predict patient prognosis and to design personalized, protease-based inhibitors and prodrug-targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 18(1); 238–47. ©2011 AACR.
Insulin Resistance as an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Kayo Shinohara, Tetsuo Shoji, Masanori Emoto, Hideki Tahara, Hidenori Koyama, Eiji Ishimura, Takami Miki, Tsutomu Tabata, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

Insulin resistance is closely associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are known to have insulin resistance, advanced atherosclerosis, and a high cardiovascular mortality rate. We evaluated whether insulin resistance is a predictor of cardiovascular death in a cohort of ESRD. A prospective observational cohort study was performed in 183 nondiabetic patients with ESRD treated with maintenance hemodialysis. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR) using fasting glucose and insulin levels at baseline, and the cohort was followed for a mean period of 67 mo. Forty-nine deaths were recorded, including 22 cardiovascular deaths. Cumulative incidence of cardiovascular death by Kaplan-Meier estimation was significantly different between subjects in the top tertile of HOMA-IR (1.40 to 4.59) and those in the lower tertiles of HOMA-IR (0.28 to 1.39), and the hazard ratio (HR) was 2.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 6.01; P = 0.026) in the univariate Cox proportional hazards model. In multivariate Cox models, the positive association between HOMA-IR and cardiovascular mortality remained significant (HR, 4.60; 95% CI, 1.83 to 11.55; P = 0.001) and independent of age, C-reactive protein, and presence of preexisting vascular complications. Further analyses showed that the effect of HOMA-IR on cardiovascular mortality was independent of body mass index, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. In contrast, HOMA-IR did not show such a significant association with noncardiovascular mortality. These results indicate that insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.
Effect of Clopidogrel Pretreatment Before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Fibrinolytics&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;The PCI-CLARITY Study&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Marc S Sabatine, Christopher P Cannon, C Michael Gibson, Jose L López-Sendón, Gilles Montalescot, Pierre Theroux, Basil S Lewis, Sabina A Murphy, Carolyn H McCabe, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: JAMA (2005)

LATELET ACTIVATION PLAYS A critical role both in spontaneous coronary artery thrombosis due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and in thrombotic complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery stenting.3][4] However, the optimal tim-
Abdominal injury from sporting activities.
Authors: D. Bergqvist, H. Hedelin, G. Karlsson, B. Lindblad, T. Mätzsch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

The frequency of abdominal injury is rising. In an analysis of 1,354 cases of closed abdominal trauma sustained during a 30-year period (1950-1979) in Skaraborg County, Sweden, a distinct increase was found in the numbers associated with sporting activities. The severity of the injuries caused by sports likewise showed an increase. The representation of injured organs was of the same order as in the total series of closed abdominal injuries. An analysis of the 136 cases of sports-associated injury is presented with regard to cause and type of the injuries, diagnosis and prognosis.
Enhancement of solubility and therapeutic potential of poorly soluble lovastatin by SMEDDS formulation adsorbed on directly compressed spray dried magnesium aluminometasilicate liquid loadable tablets: A study in diet induced hyperlipidemic rabbits
Authors: Mohd Javed Qureshi, Chitneni Mallikarjun, Wong Gan Kian
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate a self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing lovastatin and to further explore the ability of porous Neusilin® US2 tablet as a solid carrier for SMEDDS. SMEDDS formulations of varying proportions of peceol, cremophor RH 40 and transcutol-P were selected and subjected to in-vitro evaluation, including dispersibility studies, droplet size, zeta potential measurement and release studies. The results indicated that the drug release profile of lovastatin from SMEDDS formulations was statistically significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) than the plain lovastatin powder. Thermodynamic stability studies also confirmed the stability of the prepared SMEDDS formulations. The optimized formulation, which consists of 12% of peceol, 44% of cremophor RH 40, and 44% of transcutol-P was loaded into directly compressed liquid loadable tablet of Neusilin® US2 by simple adsorption method. In order to determine the ability of Neusilin® US2 as a suitable carrier pharmacodynamics study were also carried out in healthy diet induced hyperlipidemic rabbits. Animals were administered with both liquid SMEDDS and solid SMEDDS as well. From the results obtained, Neusilin® was found to be a suitable carrier for SMEDDS and was equally effective in reducing the elevated lipid profile. In conclusion, liquid loadable tablet (LLT) is predicted to be a promising technique to deliver a liquid formulation in solid state.
Liposomal cisplatin combined with paclitaxel versus cisplatin and paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized phase III multicenter trial
Authors: G.P. Stathopoulos, D. Antoniou, J. Dimitroulis, P. Michalopoulou, A. Bastas, K. Marosis, J. Stathopoulos, A. Provata, P. Yiamboudakis, D. Veldekis, N. Lolis, N. Georgatou, M. Toubis, Ch. Pappas, G. Tsoukalas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)

Liposomal cisplatin is a new formulation developed to reduce the systemic toxicity of cisplatin while simultaneously improving the targeting of the drug to the primary tumor and to metastases by increasing circulation time in the body fluids and tissues. The primary objectives were to determine nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal side-effects, peripheral neuropathy and hematological toxicity and secondary objectives were to determine the response rate, time to tumor progression (TTP) and survival.Two hundred and thirty-six chemotherapy-naive patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive either 200 mg/m² of liposomal cisplatin and 135 mg/m² paclitaxel (arm A) or 75 mg/m² cisplatin and 135 mg/m² paclitaxel (arm B), once every 2 weeks on an outpatient basis. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients were assessable for toxicity, response rate and survival. Nine treatment cycles were planned.Arm A patients showed statistically significant lower nephrotoxicity, grade 3 and 4 leucopenia, grade 2 and 3 neuropathy, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. There was no significant difference in median and overall survival and TTP between the two arms; median survival was 9 and 10 months in arms A and B, respectively, and TTP was 6.5 and 6 months in arms A and B, respectively.Liposomal cisplatin in combination with paclitaxel has been shown to be much less toxic than the original cisplatin combined with paclitaxel. Nephrotoxicity in particular was negligible after liposomal cisplatin administration. TTP and survival were similar in both treatment arms.