tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A new norlignan lignanoside from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron
Authors: Wei-sheng Feng, Ke-ke Li, Xiao-ke Zheng
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

This study reports an investigation into the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. Ten compounds, isolated and purified by column chromatography, were identified on the basis of spectral analysis and their physicochemical properties to be: (8R)-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylpropylalcohol-8-(1-acetyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (moellenoside B) (1), amentoflavone (2), hinokiflavone (3), apigenin-7-O-β-neohesperidoside (4), apigenin-8-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), adenosine (6), uridine (7), 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3, 4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid (8), vanillic acid (9), and lariciresinol (10). Compound 1 is a new norlignan lignanoside and compounds 4–10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Doctors accused of being "horrible" over government's cancer awareness campaign
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors’ negativity threatened to derail plans for a government anticancer campaign that is now achieving positive results, a health official has said.

James Brandon, head of marketing for Public Health England, said that many GPs and other health professionals were “horrible” towards the Be Clear on Cancer campaign when it was conceived in 2011 by the Department of Health.

It was designed to raise awareness of the signs and symptoms of cancer and prompt people with concerns to visit their doctor.

But Brandon said that there were fears it might not “get off the ground” because health professionals argued that it would send many people to clinics who did not need to be there.

He …
Circulatory and Metabolic Effects of Oxygen in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: A. C. F. Kenmure, W. R. Murdoch, A. D. Beattie, J. C. B. Marshall, A. J. V. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The circulatory and metabolic effects of inhalation of oxygen in high concentration were investigated in 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac out-put, blood gas tensions, pH, and lactate and pyruvate levels were measured. In general, oxygen inhalation produced a fall in cardiac output and stroke volume and a rise in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. In a small number of patients with very low cardiac out-puts there was a rise in output. A substantial rise in arterial oxygen tension was obtained even in patients with low initial values. The raised arterial blood lactate levels which were frequently present were reduced after oxygen. The therapeutic implications of these effects are discussed.
HAEMORRHAGIC DRY BRONCHIECTASIS
Authors: A. J. S. Pinchin, H. V. Morlock
Journal: BMJ (1930)

THE BnIsff 3iOn admission to Guiy's Hospital the temperatuire was 1020, and the urine contained much pus, B. coli and streptococci being recovered.The blood urea was 110 mg. per cent., but the patient was passing fair quantities of turine and the vomiting was no lbnger severe.He was givem large quiantities of fluid with full doses of potassiuim citrate.On physical examination hle was still well covered, though he stated that lhe had lost 6 st. in weight.His systolic blood pressurc was 105 mm.-Hg, but pul- monary emphysema made it impossible to discover the size of the heart.On rectal examination the prostate was found to be mnoderately enlarged; it felt as hard as a stone.After a few days in lhospital he had recovered sufficiently to enable an x-ray examination of the urinar y tract to be under- taken.The films revealed the remarkable condition shown in
Treatment of Refractory Idiopathic Thromboctopenic Purpura.
Authors: Bertha A. Bouroncle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Treatment of Refractory Idiopathic Thromboctopenic Purpura.Bertha A. Bouroncle, M.D., F.A.C.P., Charles A. Doan, M.D., M.A.C.P.Bertha A. Bouroncle, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Charles A. Doan, M.D., M.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1164_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSplenectomy and corticosteroids are recognized therapeutic measures for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. In our overall evaluation of 271 patients, previously reported, 7.7% were refractory to both methods of therapy.During the past 3½ years we have treated 16 of these cases of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura for long-term therapy with the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine (Immuran®).Doses of 1.2 to 4.2 mg/kg body weight (50 to 250 mg) daily, which were effective in obtaining a remission, have practically no toxic effects. Only two patients had moderate degree of leukopenia, which was rapidly reversible. The danger of producing a general... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbus, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByVergleich von Splenektomie und immunsuppressiver Therapie bei M. Werlhof 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1164-1164KeywordsBody weightCorticosteroid therapyDrug therapyIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraImmunosuppressivesSplenectomy Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein opsonizes LPS-bearing particles for recognition by a novel receptor on macrophages.
Authors: S D Wright, P S Tobias, R J Ulevitch, R A Ramos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase reactant that binds bacterial LPS. We show that LBP binds to the surface of live Salmonella and to LPS coated erythrocytes (ELPS), and strongly enhances the attachment of these particles to macrophages. LBP bridges LPS-coated particles to macrophages (MO) by first binding to the LPS, then binding to MO. Pretreatment of ELPS with LBP enabled binding to MO, but pretreatment of MO had no effect. Moreover, MO did not recognize erythrocytes coated with LBP unless LPS was also added, thus suggesting that interaction of LBP with LPS results in a conformational change in LBP that allows recognition by MO. Binding of LBP-coated particles appears to be mediated by a receptor found on blood monocytes and MO but not on other leukocytes or umbilical vein endothelium. The receptor is mobile in the plane of the membrane since binding activity on MO was downmodulated upon spreading of cells on surfaces coated with LBP-LPS complexes. The receptor appears to be distinct from other opsonic receptors since downmodulation of CR1, CR3, Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, and Fc gamma RIII with mAbs did not affect binding of LBP-coated particles, and leukocytes from CD18-deficient patients bound LBP-coated particles normally. Coating of erythrocytes with LBP-LPS complexes strongly enhanced phagocytosis observed in the presence of suboptimal amounts of anti-erythrocyte IgG. However, binding mediated by LBP-LPS complexes alone caused neither phagocytosis of the LBP-coated erythrocytes nor initiation of an oxidative burst. The results of our studies define LBP as an opsonin. During the acute phase, LBP can be expected to bind gram-negative bacteria and bacterial fragments and promote the interaction of coated bacteria with phagocytes.
Evidence is weak for case management for the elderly
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Limited evidence exists for the effectiveness of case management—a process of planning, coordinating, managing, and reviewing the care of an individual across different services—for older people, and the NHS should proceed with caution before introducing any particular model based on this approach, warned a report published this week.

The report found little evidence from available research studies that case management reduced hospital admissions or that it was cost effective.

The authors, from the King's Fund, a charitable foundation doing healthcare policy research, cautioned against the NHS adopting any single approach to case management, which is currently being developed across the service as part …
METHODS FOR THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION ON HUMAN TISSUE MAINTAINED IN VITRO
Authors: J. CHAYEN, LUCILLE BITENSKY, R. G. BUTCHER, L. W. POULTER, G. S. UBHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article METHODS FOR THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY ACTION ON HUMAN TISSUE MAINTAINED IN VITRO Get access J. CHAYEN, J. CHAYEN Division of Cellular Biology, The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Bute Gardens, London, W. 6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LUCILLE BITENSKY, LUCILLE BITENSKY Division of Cellular Biology, The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Bute Gardens, London, W. 6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. G. BUTCHER, R. G. BUTCHER Division of Cellular Biology, The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Bute Gardens, London, W. 6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. W. POULTER, L. W. POULTER Division of Cellular Biology, The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Bute Gardens, London, W. 6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. S. UBHI G. S. UBHI Division of Cellular Biology, The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Bute Gardens, London, W. 6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue s6, 1 June 1970, Page 62, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb08008.x Published: 01 June 1970
UK researchers uncover new high risk gene for ovarian cancer
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2011)

UK researchers say that they have discovered a faulty gene that raises the risk of developing ovarian cancer sixfold by the age of 80.

On average, women have a one in 70 chance of developing the disease, but those with the RAD51D gene mutation face a one in 11 chance, says the study, published online in Nature Genetics (doi:10.1038/ng.893).

The researchers, from the Institute of Cancer Research, examined DNA samples from women from 911 families with a history of ovarian and breast cancer and 1060 people from the general population aged 18 or above.

They discovered one mutation in the RAD51D gene—which has a key role in DNA repair—in one woman in the comparison group and eight mutations among eight women with a family history of …
Improve organ health by chewing up old proteins?
Authors: Luis Miguel Guachalla, K. Lenhard Rudolph, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective mechanism for degradation of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes, contributes to the removal of altered proteins as part of the cellular quality-control systems. We have previously found that CMA activity declines in aged organisms and have proposed that this failure in cellular clearance could contribute to the accumulation of altered proteins, the abnormal cellular homeostasis and, eventually, the functional loss characteristic of aged organisms. To determine whether these negative features of aging can be prevented by maintaining efficient autophagic activity until late in life, in this work we have corrected the CMA defect in aged rodents. We have generated a double transgenic mouse model in which the amount of the lysosomal receptor for CMA, previously shown to decrease in abundance with age, can be modulated. We have analyzed in this model the consequences of preventing the age-dependent decrease in receptor abundance in aged rodents at the cellular and organ levels. We show here that CMA activity is maintained until advanced ages if the decrease in the receptor abundance is prevented and that preservation of autophagic activity is associated with lower intracellular accumulation of damaged proteins, better ability to handle protein damage, and improved organ function. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:330–333.)
Life expectancy varies across WHO Europe region by 16 years
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The World Health Organization’s European region is beleaguered by inequalities in health, says a new report. 

Male life expectancy at birth varies by 20 years between countries in the region, which includes the countries of the former Soviet Union—nearly double the 12 year difference in female life expectancy.

People with greater social and economic means “have better health and live longer than people with less advantage,” it says. Vulnerable marginalised groups such as Roma and migrant workers “experience significant health disadvantage.”

Men in the region can expect to live seven years less (average 72 years) than …
SUGGESTIONS FOR REDUCING THE PREVALENCE OF SUMMER DIARRHEA IN INFANTS.
Authors: J. ROSS SNYDER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Summer diarrhea is caused by the entrance into the system, usually through some food medium, of a virulent poison, which is the product of micro-organisms. The symptoms in a given number of cases of summer diarrhea will vary enough to enable one to recognize, aside from degrees, several forms of the disorder. The nature of the infection—whether it was poisonous products already formed outside the body or whether it was bacteria as such that entered the gastro-intestinal tract—has been offered in explanation of this variation in symptoms. But since, thus far, there has been no single form of bacteria separated as being specifically responsible, it is possible that the nature of the organism itself has something to do with shaping symptoms. However, what uncertainty exists as to the cause of the several forms of the disease does not make less absolute the conviction in the minds of bacteriologists that summer
COTRANS Students-Reply
Authors: Barry Stimmel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Lauter's concern about the ability to judge the quality of medical education received in many foreign medical schools is becoming increasingly relevant. The students accepted through COTRANS with advanced standing at the Mt Sinai School of Medicine are chosen from a broad spectrum of foreign medical schools, including the Autonomous University of Guadalajara. In the cohort described in our study, 36% of the COTRANS students came from Mexico, all from the Autonomous University. This in itself is not surprising, since the Autonomous University of Guadalajara probably has the single largest enrollment of American citizens of any other foreign medical school. The group of students described in our study were a highly selected group, chosen in part on their ability to score well on the National Board Examinations. There was, therefore, no relation between the foreign medical school attended and the student's subsequent performance in the clinical years.
Metabolic Bone Disease After Intestinal Bypass for Treatment of Obesity
Authors: A. MICHAEL PARFITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

We studied the bone status in 52 patients 1 to 14 years after intestinal shunt surgery. Before operation, bone mass measured by photon absorptiometry and radiographic morphometry was normal by two criteria and slightly reduced by a third. After jejunocolostomy both cross-sectional and longitudinal data showed accelerated loss of bone due to increased net endosteal resorption. Similar but less significant changes occurred after jejunoileostomy. The severity of bone loss correlated better with hypoproteinemia than with any other biochemical measurement. Bone biopsy after tetracycline labeling in 10 patients with bone pain showed osteomalacia in two and significant impairment of osteoblast function in seven. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were normal or low despite prescription of 1.25 mg of vitamin D2 daily. Plasma parathyroid hormone levels were raised in only three of the patients with abnormal bone histology. We conclude that intestinal shunt surgery has an adverse effect on the bones. There is persistent intestinal malabsorption of vitamin D and calcium, doses of which ordinarily given to these patients may be too small, but it is likely that other nutritional deficiencies are also important.
Porins and lipopolysaccharide stimulate platelet activating factor synthesis by human mesangial cells
Authors: Giovanni Camussi, Luigi Biancone, Eugenio L. Iorio, Luigi Silvestro, Raffaella Da Col, Ciro Capasso, Fabio Rossano, Luigi Servillo, Ciro Balestrieri, Maria A. Tufano
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
Medical Staff Law and the Hospital
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, Eric W. Springer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

IT should come as no shocking news that the law affecting physicians and hospitals has radically changed in the last decade. The law has changed and is changing because society in general now presses for such change. The law responds to those societal pressures and attempts to meet the expressed needs of the public. That has been one of the traditional functions of the law.Many years ago Justice Holmes in his classic work, The Common Law, stated a definition of law that is appropriate to our present discussion:The life of law has not been logic: It has been . . .
Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 increased death at 90 days compared with Ringer's acetate in severe sepsis
Authors: Jason M. Elinoff, Robert L. Danner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, et al; 6S Trial Group; Scandinavian Critical Care Trials Group. Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's acetate in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:124-34. 22738085
Why Should We Be Concerned About Disparate Impact?
Authors: Ronald A. Lindsay
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

"Why Should We Be Concerned About Disparate Impact?." The American Journal of Bioethics, 6(5), pp. 23–24 Notes The opinions expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center for Inquiry, which takes no position on the issues discussed in this commentary.
Bone Marrow Depression Induced by Chloramphenicol or Phenylbutazone
Authors: Joseph F. Fraumeni
Journal: JAMA (1967)

With two registries for adverse drug reactions, a follow-up survey was made of 151 cases reported of bone marrow depression following use of chloramphenicol (124 patients), phenylbutazone (24), or both drugs (3). Leukemia subsequently developed in three patients with bone marrow depression attributed to use of chloramphenicol, but only one had characteristics suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship between drug exposure and leukemia. A review of clinical and epidemiologic information provides inadequate evidence that either drug is leukemogenic. Among other sequelae in the survey were four cases of hemolytic anemia; these four cases included two with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Several problems arise in evaluating a causal association between drug exposure and diseases such as leukemia.
Cytoplasmic β-catenin is lacking in a subset of melanoma-associated naevi, but is detectable in naevus-associated melanomas: potential implications for melanoma tumorigenesis?
Authors: G. De Panfilis, D. Ferrari, S. Santoro, R. Ricci, M. Lombardi, G. Pedrazzi, C. Pepe, C. Cortelazzi, M. Santini
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

An excess of intracellular beta-catenin protein is triggered by various genetic alterations in melanoma cell lines, and has been suggested to play a role in melanoma tumorigenesis.To investigate the role played in vivo by beta-catenin in melanoma tumorigenesis, we compared the cytoplasmic detection of beta-catenin in benign melanocytic cells vs. malignant melanoma cells presumably generated from these benign melanocytic cells. For this purpose, melanocytic naevi occurring in association with melanoma, which were suggested to be melanoma precursors, were compared with their associated melanoma for beta-catenin cytoplasmic immunoreactivity.Fifty-seven consecutive cases of primary cutaneous melanoma were considered, and 15 of them were found to be associated with a melanocytic naevus portion. The naevus portion showed features of acquired melanocytic naevus (total 12 cases: five dysplastic, seven intradermal) or congenital growth pattern naevus (total three cases: one superficial, two deep). All specimens were immunohistochemically investigated for beta-catenin.Virtually all primary cutaneous melanomas, including those associated with a naevus portion, showed cytoplasmic beta-catenin positivity. However, the intradermal naevus portion was consistently cytoplasmic beta-catenin negative, while both the dysplastic and the congenital naevus portions were cytoplasmic beta-catenin positive.Beta-catenin excess may play a role in melanoma tumorigenesis, because beta-catenin cytoplasmic reactivity was found in primary cutaneous melanoma but not in its associated intradermal naevus precursor. As, however, beta-catenin cytoplasmic reactivity was detected not only in primary cutaneous melanoma but also in its associated dysplastic/congenital naevus precursors, beta-catenin stabilization alone is not sufficient to play a decisive role for melanoma onset.
The Intraluminal Phase of Fat Digestion in Man: The Lipid Content of the Micellar and Oil Phases of Intestinal Content Obtained during Fat Digestion and Absorption*
Authors: Alan F. Hofmann, Bengt Borgström
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

For nearly a century, it has been known that dietary triglyceride is hydrolyzed in the small in- testinal lumen by pancreatic lipase.Early work- ers had shown the presence of fatty acid (believed to be largely present as paraffin chain soap) in intestinal content after the ingestion of fat.At the turn of the century, the field of fat ab- sorption was dominated by Pfliiger, who staunchly defended the view that fat was largely hydrolyzed to fatty acid and that absorption could only be in the form of fatty acid and paraffin chain soap (3).The observation that paraffin chain soap was insoluble at the rather acid pH of intestinal content was disturbing, but seemed of little im- portance after Verzar and McDougall demonstrated the considerable solubility of fatty acids in bile salt solutions at a pH corresponding to that present in intestinal content (4).In 1935, however, Artom and Reale (5) demonstrated that monoglycerides and diglycerides could be isolated after triglyceride was hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase in vitro.Their presence in in- testinal content was established by Frazer and Sammons in 1945 (6).Frazer, Schulman, and Stewart (7) subse- quently noted that triolein forms a stable emul- sion in an aqueous mixture of bile salt, fatty acid,