tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered Myocardial Thin-Filament Function in the Failing Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat Heart
Authors: Teruo Noguchi, Yasuki Kihara, Kelly J. Begin, Joseph A. Gorga, Kimberly A. Palmiter, Martin M. LeWinter, Peter VanBuren
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet develop compensated left ventricular hypertrophy followed by a transition to myocardial failure. We previously reported an increase in a troponin T isoform (TnT3) and a decrease in TnT phosphorylation in failing Dahl salt-sensitive rat hearts compared with low-salt controls. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the thin filament plays a role in depression of the contractile machinery in this model.Native thin filaments (NTFs) were isolated intact from rats with compensated left ventricular hypertrophy and failing hearts and compared with age-matched controls. NTF velocity was measured as a function of free calcium in the in vitro motility assay. Maximal velocity was similar in all groups. However, NTFs from failing hearts demonstrated a reduction in calcium sensitivity compared with controls, as reflected in the pCa50 (5.88+/-0.05 versus 6.22+/-0.05, respectively, P<0.001). No difference in thin-filament motility (pCa50, V(max)) was observed in rats with compensated left ventricular hypertrophy compared with controls. Protein kinase A treatment of NTFs from control and failing hearts had no effect on thin-filament calcium sensitivity. However, the endothelin receptor blocker bosentan prevented the reduction in thin-filament calcium sensitivity found in failing hearts.The thin filament is a key modulator of contractile performance in the transition to failure in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat model. The alteration in thin-filament function may be mediated by an endothelin-triggered pathway potentially affecting protein kinase C signaling.
From the authors
Authors: K. Woyda, R. T. Schermuly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

We would like to thank C. Me ´hats and colleagues for their comments regarding our paper on phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibition in hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) [1].In our article, we stated that inhibition of PDE4 with cilomilast leads to an improved alveolarisation in hyperoxiainduced lung injury in mice [1].C. Me ´hats and colleagues raised concerns about our study design and the obtained results.We would like to respond to the issues in question.The first point of criticism addresses differences regarding the therapeutic impact of the PDE4 inhibitor cilomilast in our study of mice, as compared to rolipram in the study of ME ´HATS et al. [2], which was conducted on rats.ME ´HATS et al. [2] demonstrated that treatment of hyperoxia-exposed rats with 0.5 mg?kg -1 ?day -1 rolipram prolonged the survival of the treated rats significantly but could not improve alveolarisation.Further doses of rolipram slowed the growth of the treated hyperoxic and normoxic rat pups compared to the untreated hyperoxic group.In contrast, DE VISSER et al. [3] reported improved histopathology in terms of thinning of septa and a reduction of inflammation and oedema after PDE4 inhibition with rolipram and piclamilast.Interestingly, DE VISSER et al. [3] did not note adverse effects on the body weight with a dose of 125 mg?kg -1 ?day -1 rolipram and were able to prolong the median survival by 3 days.In our study, mice were used instead of rats.In addition, the animals in our study were exposed to lower oxygen concentrations (85% O 2 ) as compared to those used in the study of ME ´HATS et al.[2] (95% O 2 ).Extremely high levels of O 2 are known to induce oedema formation, inflammation, and high mortality in rats, thus mimicking acute lung injury rather than an arrest in lung alveolarisation.Slightly lower O 2 levels as used in our study, however, appear to be better suited to the investigation of BPD-like events, as characterised by increased medial wall thickness and thinning of septa.In addition, no side-effects on food intake were observed in the animals treated with cilomilast.On the contrary, the treated hyperoxic mice even showed a slight improvement in body weight as opposed to hyperoxic controls.Of course, the issue of nutrition is important in this regard, as described in studies from MASSARO et al. [4], who showed that proper feeding has a direct impact on murine alveolar regeneration.
One alignment mechanism or many?
Authors: Arthur B. Markman, Kyungil Kim, Levi B. Larkey, Lisa Narvaez, C. Hunt Stilwell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Pickering &amp; Garrod (P&amp;G) suggest that communicators synchronize their processing at a number of linguistic levels. Whereas their explanation suggests that representations are being compared across individuals, there must be some representation of all conversation participants in each participant's head. At the level of the situation model, it is important to maintain separate representations for each participant. At other levels, it seems less crucial to have a separate representation for each participant. This analysis suggests that different mechanisms may synchronize representations at different linguistic levels.
My Own Country: A Doctor's Story of a Town and Its People in the Age of AIDS
Authors: Lisa Luneau-Nepon
Journal: JAMA (1994)

A young man travels by car from New York to Tennessee to see his parents. This is no ordinary visit. The journey ends in the emergency room of the Johnson City Medical Center (the "Miracle Center") and results in a brilliantly executed code blue. Death comes three weeks later. AIDS has arrived in rural Tennessee. After a serious debate, it is decided to reuse the ventilator rather than to incinerate or bury it. The machine is "opened up, its innards gutted and most replaceable parts changed." It is then gas disinfected several times before it is used much later. Thus begins a remarkable true story. The author, Dr Abraham Verghese, whose parents had emigrated from India to Ethiopia to teach physics ("their marriage had something to do with physics"), finds his medical studies rudely interrupted by the convulsions surrounding the overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie. He arrives in America, where
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: J. Klapman, K. J. Chang, M. Wiersema, Y. Murata, P. Vilmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Accurate staging of esophageal cancer has important prognostic and management implications. Before the development of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), esophageal cancers were staged by computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy. EUS has since become an important imaging modality in determining the extent of locoregional spread of esophageal cancer and, in certain situations, distant metastasis. The addition of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has only improved the accuracy of the procedure. Compared with CT, EUS-guided FNA is more accurate for local staging and results in a change in patient management in many cases [1]. Thus EUS and EUS-guided FNA have become an integral part of the preoperative staging algorithm for these patients.
Doublecortin Is a Developmentally Regulated, Microtubule-Associated Protein Expressed in Migrating and Differentiating Neurons
Authors: Fiona Francis, Annette Koulakoff, Dominique Boucher, Philippe Chafey, Bruce Schaar, Marie-Claude Vinet, Gaëlle Friocourt, Nathalie McDonnell, Orly Reiner, Axel Kahn, Susan K McConnell, Yoheved Berwald-Netter, Philippe Denoulet, Jamel Chelly
Journal: Neuron (1999)
HER2+ Tumors with Lack Steroid Receptors Showed a Shorter DFS but Similar OS Compared to HER2+ Tumors That Also Express ER and/or PR.
Authors: H. Gómez, C. Vigil, W. Cruz, R. Velarde, J. Abugattas, J. Suazo, T. Vidaurre, S. Neciosup, C. Vallejos
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: HER2 expression is widely measured on tumor tissue from breast cancer patients since it gives prognostic and predictive information. Data suggest that breast cancer growth is regulated by the coordinated action of the estrogen receptor (ER) and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the additional prognostic value of the ER/PR status for the subset of patients with HER2-positive tumors.Methods: From 2000-2002, 203 breast tumors were tested for HER2 and steroid receptors levels. HER2-positivity was defined as ≥2 copies of the HER2 gene by FISH or 3+ by IHC. A cut-off point of 10 % was used as positivity for ER and/or progesterone receptor (PR) levels.Results: Among the 203 patients, 103 had HER2+/ER-/PR- tumors and 100 had HER2+/ER+ and/or PR+ tumors. Patients' characteristics were comparable between the two groups as far as age, menopausal status, pTNM (stage I-II-III) status and type of initial therapy. All patients had surgery followed by standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy and hormonal therapy if the tumor was ER+ or PR+. No patients received adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 73 months (range 12-110). Comparisons of disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) as well as site of first recurrence were made between the two groups. The 5-year DFS was statistically different between the two groups: 69.9% for HER2+/ER-/PR- patients and 81.0% for the HER2+/ER+ and/or PR+ (p=0.037). The 5-year OS was not different between the two groups with 82.5% for HER2+/ER-/PR- patients and 86.0% for the HER2/ER+ and/or PR+ (p=0.402).Conclusions: Patients with HER2+/ER-/PR- breast cancers treated with surgery and standard adjuvant chemotherapy exhibit a statistically worse DFS compared to patients with HER2+/ER+ and/or PR+ tumors. However, overall survival was similar in both groups; additional factors should be evaluated to explain this finding. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6052.
Duration of pre-rheumatoid arthritis anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positivity is positively associated with age at seroconversion
Authors: W H Bos, M M J Nielen, B A C Dijkmans, D van Schaardenburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Majka et al 1 have recently shown that higher age at the time of diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased period of prediagnosis antibody positivity for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP). We have extended this observation using a previously described RA cohort (n = 79) in which serial preclinical serum samples were available, in most cases preceding and following seroconversion, thereby enabling approximation of the age at seroconversion.2 A total of 32 patients were anti-CCP positive and 22 patients were IgM-RF positive in the preclinical period. The age at seroconversion and the period of seropositivity before onset of …
Cloned receptors and cardiovascular responses to adenosine
Authors: A. L Tucker, J. Linden
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Four subtypes of adenosine receptors have recently been cloned from thyroid, brain and testis. In this review we have summarised properties of these purinergic receptors. The cloned A1 and A2 subtypes are probably similar or identical to receptors that exist on cardiac and vascular tissues, respectively. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of A1, A2a, and A2b receptors reveals several stretches of conserved amino acids that are unique to adenosine receptors, primarily in the membrane spanning regions. Species differences in A1 receptors indicate that minor changes in receptor structure can produce marked changes in ligand binding properties and may facilitate the identification of amino acids involved in ligand recognition. A confusing A1 receptor subclassification system of putative A1a, A1b, and A3 subtypes has emerged based on subtle rank order potency differences for various ligands among tissues. cDNAs corresponding to these A1 subtypes have not yet been isolated. Atrial A1 receptors activate K+ channels and inhibit adenylyl cyclase. These two pathways appear to be independently up and down regulated, suggesting the existence either of atrial A1 receptor subtypes or of differential regulation of the coupling of a single receptor to distinct GTP binding proteins. An adenosine receptor distinct from A1 and A2 receptors has been cloned from testis and designated TGPCR, or A3, although it differs from the pharmacologically defined A3 receptor. We suggest that the current A1/A3 receptor subtype nomenclature be abandoned and superseded by a nomenclature based solely on receptor cDNAs. In addition to the cloned adenosine receptors, a novel A4 subtype has been proposed based on pharmacological and electrophysiological criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A TEST FOR ANTITHROMBIN IN THE BLOOD
Authors: Alfred F. Hess
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

A test is described for the estimation of antithrombin in the blood. The chief advantage of the test is that it is simple, and does not require the preparation of fibrinogen and of thrombin, which are difficult to prepare and to maintain in a pure state. The principle consists in titrating the antithrombin against normal human plasma; in this way we obtain an estimation of its power to delay coagulation. As the result of examinations carried out by this method, it would seem that there is a wide factor of safety as regards the amount of antithrombin in the human blood, and that this inhibiting substance may be increased to a considerable degree without markedly delaying or endangering clotting.
THE RÔLE OF THE MUCOID POLYSACCHARIDE (HYALURONIC ACID) IN THE VIRULENCE OF GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: E. H. Kass, C. V. Seastone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

1. A quantitative turbidimetric method for the estimation of hyaluronidase activity, based on the ability of the enzyme to decrease the capacity of the polysaccharide to precipitate acidified protein has been developed. Two units of hyaluronidase, by this method, are equivalent to one viscosity-reducing unit. 2. Hyaluronidase added to a phagocytic system containing defibrinated human blood, immune or non-immune, greatly increases the rate of phagocytosis of group A streptococci. Phagocytosis of Type I pneumococci is not affected by hyaluronidase under the same conditions. 3. The bactericidal activity of non-immune blood against group A streptococci is increased by hyaluronidase; the activity of immune blood is, however, somewhat inhibited by the enzyme. Killing of pneumococci is not affected by the presence of the enzyme. 4. Mice can be protected against group A streptococcal infection by frequent treatment with 200 turbidity-reducing units of hyaluronidase; the protective action of the enzyme is removed by heating at 60 degrees C. for 1 hour. Mice infected with Type I pneumococcus and treated with hyaluronidase die somewhat sooner than the untreated controls.
Chromosome 1 heteromorphism in patients with malignant disease: a constitutional marker for a high-risk group?
Authors: N B Atkin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

injury.As an ambulance carries only one scoop stretcher, another has to be obtained.In a busy accident department a second ambulance may often be about from which a scoop stretcher could be borrowed.We, however, believe that a second stretcher should be standard equipment in an accident and emergency department.It could then also be used to move the severely injured from trolley to x-ray table or bed.This is much easier and safer, as well as more comfortable for the casualty, than the traditional straight-lift or poles-and-canvas method.This stretcher has proved popular with the ambulance service and with our general-practitioner accident unit on many occasions.We have found its versatility of great value, even on wet and uneven ground.I We have successfully used it to remove a casualty with spinal injuries lying face down at the bottom of a narrow, 2-m-deep trench and on many occasions at the road-side and on building sites in all weathers.
Countries are ill prepared to fight antimicrobial resistance, WHO says
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Three quarters of countries have no national plan to tackle antimicrobial resistance, despite such plans being seen as one of the most important components in combating the problem.1

A survey of 133 countries conducted by the World Health Organization in 2013 and 2014 found that just 34 had a comprehensive national plan to tackle antimicrobial resistance. The worst regions were WHO’s Americas, Africa, and Eastern Mediterranean regions. In the Americas only three of 26 respondent countries had a national plan, and the figure was only one in eight in Africa and none at all in the Eastern Mediterranean region, which stretches from Morocco to Pakistan. That compared with 21 of 49 respondent countries in WHO’s European region and five of 11 in its South East Asia region. 

Some countries had …
Bone Density Screening Intervals for Osteoporosis
Authors: Elaine W Yu, Joel S Finkelstein
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deep Infections From Petriellidium boydii Treated With Miconazole
Authors: Larry I. Lutwick, Michael W. Rytel, Julian Peña Yañez, John N. Galgiani, David A. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Infections due to the fungus<i>Petriellidium boydii</i>, particularly deep infections, are being reported with increased frequency. The organism generally is resistant to antifungal agents. Three patients were treated with miconazole, a new drug demonstrated to be active in vitro against the fungus. Miconazole alone was effective in treating two patients. The third patient showed an excellent therapeutic result with concomitant surgery. This experience confirms the in vitro results and suggests the utility of this drug in petriellidiosis. (<i>JAMA</i>241:272-273, 1979)
Apoptosis in Myocytes in End-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Jagat Narula, Nezam Haider, Renu Virmani, Thomas G. DiSalvo, Frank D. Kolodgie, Roger J. Hajjar, Ulrich Schmidt, Marc J. Semigran, G. William Dec, Ban-An Khaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Heart failure can result from a variety of causes, including ischemic, hypertensive, toxic, and inflammatory heart disease. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for the progressive deterioration of myocardial function observed in heart failure remain unclear and may result from apoptosis (programmed cell death).We examined seven explanted hearts obtained during cardiac transplantation for evidence of apoptosis. All seven patients had severe chronic heart failure: four had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and three had ischemic cardiomyopathy. DNA fragmentation (an indicator of apoptosis) was identified histochemically by in situ end-labeling as well as by agarose-gel electrophoresis of end-labeled DNA. Myocardial tissues obtained from four patients who had had a myocardial infarction one to two days previously were used as positive controls, and heart tissues obtained from four persons who died in motor vehicle accidents were used as negative controls for the end-labeling studies.Hearts from all four patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and from one of the three patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy had histochemical evidence of DNA fragmentation. All four myocardial samples from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy also demonstrated DNA laddering, a characteristic of apoptosis, whereas this was not seen in any of the samples from patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Histological evidence of apoptosis was also observed in the central necrotic zone of acute myocardial infarcts, but not in myocardium remote from the infarcted zone. Rare isolated apoptotic myocytes were seen in the myocardium from the four persons who died in motor vehicle accidents.Loss of myocytes due to apoptosis occurs in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy and may contribute to progressive myocardial dysfunction.
Supplemental Folates in the Therapy of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Myron J. Tong
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<i>Seventy-five US marines who were treated with pyrimethamine, chloroquine phosphate, and sulfisoxazole for</i>Plasmodium falciparum<i>malaria, were supplemented with either folic acid, folinic acid, or a placebo. A reduced incidence of anemia and leukopenia, a more rapid reticulocytosis, and an increased platelet response were seen in both the folic and folinic acid supplemented groups. The antimalarial effect of pyrimethamine was not inhibited by the addition of folates to the treatment regimen. Folate supplements are recommended when pyrimethamine is used in the therapy of </i>P falciparum<i>malaria</i>.
480 Total HCV core antigen correlates with HCV RNA, and predicts sustained virological response (SVR) to peginterferon alfa 2-A (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RIB) therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: V. Gonzalez, R. Planas, E. Padilla, C. Perez, D. Gimenez, L. Matas, R.M. Morillas, E. Cabre, R. Sola, M. Diago
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Alterations in sexually dimorphic biotransformation of testosterone in juvenile American alligators (alligator mississippiensis) from contaminated lakes.
Authors: M P Gunderson, G A LeBlanc, L J Guillette
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The goal of this study was to determine whether hepatic biotransformation of testosterone is normally sexually dimorphic in juvenile alligators and whether living in a contaminated environment affects hepatic dimorphism. Lake Woodruff served as our reference site. Moonshine Bay, located on the west side of Lake Okeechobee, served as an intermediate site. Lake Apopka, the Belle Glade area located at the south end of Lake Okeechobee, and Water Conservation Area 3A, in the northern Everglades, served as our contaminated sites (all lakes are in Florida). Normal testosterone hydroxylase activity exhibited sexually dimorphic patterns of expression, with reference animals from Lake Woodruff exhibiting a female:male ratio of 1.44. This pattern was perturbed in all of the intermediate and contaminated sites investigated. Normal testosterone oxido-reductase activity exhibited sexually dimorphic expression (Lake Woodruff female:male ratio of 1.45). This pattern was altered in all contaminated sites investigated. UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase activity exhibited no sexually dimorphic pattern in animals collected from our reference site, with Lake Woodruff animals exhibiting a female:male ratio of 1.06. This pattern was perturbed in animals from Water Conservation Area 3A, which exhibited a female:male ratio of 0.65. Sulfotransferase activity demonstrated no sexual dimorphism at any of the sites investigated, although elevated activity was observed in males from the Lake Okeechobee watershed compared to those from Lake Woodruff. These data demonstrate different patterns of hepatic androgen biotransformation in animals living in contaminated environments.