tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha contributes to obesity-related hyperleptinemia by regulating leptin release from adipocytes.
Authors: T G Kirchgessner, K T Uysal, S M Wiesbrock, M W Marino, G S Hotamisligil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), have significant effects on energy metabolism and appetite although their mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Here, we examined whether TNF-alpha modulates the production of leptin, the recently identified fat-specific energy balance hormone, in cultured adipocytes and in mice. TNF-alpha treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in rapid stimulation of leptin accumulation in the media, with a maximum effect at 6 h. This stimulation was insensitive to cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, but was completely inhibited by the secretion inhibitor brefeldin A, indicating a posttranslational effect. Treatment of mice with TNF-alpha also caused a similar increase in plasma leptin levels. Finally, in obese TNF-alpha-deficient mice, circulating leptin levels were significantly lower, whereas adipose tissue leptin was higher compared with obese wild-type animals. These data provide evidence that TNF-alpha can act directly on adipocytes to regulate the release of a preformed pool of leptin. Furthermore, they suggest that the elevated adipose tissue expression of TNF-alpha that occurs in obesity may contribute to obesity-related hyperleptinemia.
Dobutamine-induced changes in regional myocardial function are caused by a mismatch between cardiac work and coronary flow in the presence of a significant coronary artery stenosis
Authors: G. Pavlides, P. Petropoulakis, G.T. Karatasakis, G.D. Athanassopoulos, A. Manginas, V. Vassilikos, E. Giasitzoglou, D.V. Cokkinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Present Status of the Ehrlich Aldehyde Reaction for Urinary Porphobilinogen
Authors: Cecil J. Watson, Luigi Taddeini, Irene Bossenmaier
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The Watson-Schwartz test for urinary porphobilinogen (PBG) is generally characteristic for acute intermittent porphyria in relapse. The reaction is strong and unmistakable in patients with nervous or abdominal manifestations of the disease. Faint or borderline positive tests may be encountered in nonporphyric conditions, causing confusion in diagnosis. The additional use of butanol, which extracts all of the known Ehrlich aldehyde compounds except that of PBG, prevents such confusion. Pseudo-Ehrlich reactions, due to the hydrochloric acid in the reagent, are given by a number of compounds, including certain melanogens. A control with 22% hydrochloric acid must be carried out with each test.
Abstract 4291: Near-infrared optical imaging visualizes tumor cell death induced by adoptive transferred T cells
Authors: Noriko Sato, Omer Aras, Peter Choyke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cytotoxic functions of CD8 T cells change as the cells differentiate and are under the control of various positive and negative regulators. The number of cytotoxic T cells found in the tumor site does not necessarily correlate with the growth or reduction of the tumor. Monitoring the functionality of T cells is desired. In order to visualize tumor killing effects of adoptive transferred cytotoxic T cells, near-infrared optical imaging was employed using a probe against phosphatidylserine exposed on the tumor cells attacked by the T cells. CD8 T cells specific for ovalbumin (OVA) were isolated from OT-1 T cell receptor transgenic mice and were stimulated with an OVA peptide (257-264, SIINFEKL) followed by an antigen free culture. T cells were transferred to the recipient mice bearing intramuscular OVA-positive thymoma (EG.7) and the parental OVA-negative thymoma (EL4) in the thigh. One day later, a near-infrared optical probe with a phosphatidylserine binding motif, PSVue 794 (Em 810 nm, 3 mg/kg), was intravenously injected and optical images were acquired up to 5 days after the injection. Some mice also received an injection of fluorescein (FITC)- or Alexa 488-labeled annexin V 12hr after the PSVue 794 injection. Flow cytometry analysis showed a double staining of apoptotic tumor cells with PSVue 794 and annexin V, confirming the binding ability of PSVue 794 to the cells undergoing apoptosis. Whole-body optical images demonstrated an accumulation of PSVue 794 in the OVA expressing EG.7 tumor, the target of OT-1 CD8 T cells, at 24hr and later, but not in the control EL4 tumor. Analysis of tumor sections revealed co-localization of PSVue 794 and annexin V, with a migration of OT-1 T cells to the site. Collectively, a near-infrared optical probe targeting phosphatidylserine enabled visualization of tumor cell death induced by adoptively transferred cytotoxic T cells in an immunotherapy model. Monitoring functionality and therapeutic effects of T cells or natural killer cells transferred in therapies would provide crucial information for the improvements of therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4291. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4291
Comparison of the Effect of Alprenolol and Propranolol on Specific Airway Conductance in Asthmatic Subjects
Authors: C. K. Connolly, J. C. Batten
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Alprenolol did not cause a significant fall in the mean of the specific airway conductance in nine asthmatic subjects who did show a significant fall with propranolol. Thus alprenolol is not contraindicated in asthmatic subjects, though it should be used with caution intravenously, as one subject showed a substantial fall in airway conductance at three minutes which recovered within 30 minutes. Until further studies are completed these results should not be applied to bronchitics with increased airway resistance.
Analysis of baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure.
Authors: J S Chen, W Wang, T Bartholet, I H Zucker
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The autonomic components of the baroreflex control of heart rate were evaluated in conscious mongrel dogs before and after 4-6 weeks of ventricular pacing (250 beats/min). Arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was determined by the slopes of linear regression of pulse interval versus the preceding systolic arterial pressure in response to bolus injections of either phenylephrine or nitroglycerin. BRS was significantly depressed in the heart failure state [nitroglycerin slope, 5.0 +/- 2.7 (mean +/- SD) versus 16.6 +/- 5.1 msec/mm Hg, p less than 0.005; phenylephrine slope, 15.0 +/- 14.8 versus 32.0 +/- 26.7 msec/mm Hg, p less than 0.005]. There was no depression in BRS in dogs that were used as time controls or were acutely paced for 30 minutes. After beta 1-adrenergic blockade with metoprolol, the resting heart rate in the heart failure state was depressed more than in the normal state (-17.0 +/- 5.0% versus -3.2 +/- 3.4%, p less than 0.001). Atropine significantly increased resting heart rate more in the normal state than in the heart failure state (115.8 +/- 36.7% versus 25.4 +/- 14.5%, p less than 0.005). Thus, dogs in the heart failure state appear to have high resting cardiac sympathetic tone and low resting vagal tone. For nitroglycerin administration, metoprolol depressed BRS by 47.6 +/- 26.3% in the normal state and by 63.6 +/- 58.5% in the heart failure state. Atropine decreased the BRS by 86.7 +/- 7.8% in the normal state and by 39.5 +/- 30.2% in the heart failure state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Restraining Your Youngsters
Authors: Lee N. Hames
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Physicians have often been accused of being negligent concerning their own health and safety, and of allowing their families to suffer the fate of the proverbial "shoemaker's children." Like most generalizations, this may not be justified, but in respect to safeguarding youngsters from injury and death in an automobile, it probably is. These thoughts were brought to mind when an informal inquiry by the AMA Committee on Medical Aspects of Automotive Safety revealed that a leading automotive supply catalog has stopped advertising a child safety seat because of lack of sales. Physicians, of course, are not solely responsible for the fact that so few child safety seats are being used, but they may be more culpable in that they are more aware of the trauma and death resulting when unrestrained children are violently hurled about in an automotive crash. Perhaps it is too much to ask of anyone, physician or
METHYLTHIONIN HYDROCHLORID IN INOPERABLE CANCER.
Authors: ABRAHAM JACOBI
Journal: JAMA (1906)

While the remedy of which I shall speak is not new to me, it is new to the larger part of the profession. Methylene blue was introduced into practice in malignant tumors by Moorhof-Mosetig of Vienna. I believe the first man who introduced it into America was Willy Meyer of New York. At that time I used it a good deal by the injection method. The injections are very painful and inadmissible because it is impossible to prevail on any patient to submit to them for any length of time. Therefore, for fourteen or fifteen years, I have given methylene blue, or as it is now called, methylthionin hydrochlorid, in my own way internally. <h3>WHEN TO USE IT.</h3> As a rule we see cancer in an advanced state. Small cancers, local cancers, will very frequently go into the hands of the surgeons where they belong and the operation is certainly
PSRO and the Hospital's Quality Control
Authors: Vergil N. Slee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The earliest function of the Professional Standards Review Organization (PSRO) will be to conduct or supervise, for federally financed patients in short-term hospitals, concurrent certifications and reviews and medical care evaluation studies. Case and statutory law, as well as PL 92-603, make the hospital itself responsible for the quality of its care, and the PSRO must accept those of the hospital's review services that are of satisfactory quality. The workable hospital quality control system described relies on comprehensive statistical monitoring of both outcome and process of care to [1] provide reasonable surveillance of the care of all patients, and [2] establish priorities for in-depth investigations and concurrent review. Monitor-triggered medical care evaluation studies include deficiency analysis, prescribe corrective action and follow-up, and provide documentation. A PSRO need not duplicate these studies, done as a normal hospital function. Concurrent certification and review will have to be worked out between the PSRO and hospital.
Multi-floor buildings and human wayfinding cognition
Authors: Christoph Hölscher, Simon Büchner, Gerhard Strube
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Multilevel wayfinding research in environmental psychology and architecture exhibits a strong compatibility with Jeffery et al.'s “bicoded” representation of space. We identify a need for capturing verticality in spatial analysis techniques such as space syntax and argue for investigating inter-individual differences in the ability to mentally integrate the cognitive maps of separate floors in buildings.
Clinical and Radiographic Findings That Lead to Intervention in Diabetic Patients With Foot Ulcers: A nationwide survey of primary care physicians
Authors: David Edelman, David B Matchar, Eugene Z Oddone
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To determine which elements of clinical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are important to primary care physicians in their management of foot ulcers in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a national mail survey of 600 primary care physicians to determine which patient characteristics and diagnostic test results were important in their decisions to seek radiographic studies, surgical referrals, and hospitalization for diabetic patients with foot ulcers. RESULTS The case characteristics most likely to influence physicians to order advanced diagnostic or therapeutic interventions are the presence of osteomyelitis on plain radiographs, the failure of the ulcer to improve with conservative therapy, and the presence of visible bone, crepitus, or necrosis within the ulcer (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Information from the initial clinical history was less likely to influence physicians to order advanced diagnostic or therapeutic interventions (P &amp;lt; 0.001) than was information from the physical examination. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that 1) the patient's history is relatively unimportant to primary care physicians in their management of diabetic foot ulcers; 2) the failure of conservative management is a major reason that primary care physicians order surgical referral, hospitalization, or radiographic testing for diabetic patients with foot ulcers; and 3) primary care physicians rely heavily on plain × ray of the foot, a test with poor sensitivity and specificity, in deciding whether to order further interventions for their diabetic patients with foot ulcers.
Abstract IA5: Designing synthetic regulatory RNAs: New tools for temporal and spatial control in biological systems
Authors: Christina D. Smolke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Advances in synthetic biology are transforming our ability to design and build synthetic biological systems. While progress has been made in the design of complex genetic circuits, capabilities for constructing large genetic systems currently surpass our ability to design such systems. This growing “design gap” has highlighted the need to develop methods that support the generation of new functional biological components and scalable design strategies for complex genetic circuits that will lay the foundation for integrated biological devices and systems. As examples of functional RNA molecules playing key roles in the behavior of natural biological systems have grown over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the design and implementation of synthetic counterparts. Researchers are taking advantage of the relative ease with which RNA molecules can be modeled and designed to engineer functional RNA molecules that act as diverse components including sensors, regulators, controllers (ligand-responsive RNA regulators), and scaffolds. These synthetic regulatory RNAs are providing new tools for temporal and spatial control in biological systems. I will describe recent work in the design of RNA controllers and advances in addressing challenges faced in their broad implementation as user-programmed control systems in living cells. In particular, I will describe the development of high-throughput cell-based screens for rapidly generating synthetic regulatory RNAs with specified quantitative properties. I will also discuss how the application of synthetic regulatory RNAs as controllers in different biological pathways are leading to the elucidation of integrated systems design strategies and new capabilities for programming genetic systems. Citation Format: Christina D. Smolke. Designing synthetic regulatory RNAs: New tools for temporal and spatial control in biological systems [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA5.
Temporary matters. The ethical consequences of transient social relationships in medical training
Authors: D. A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Medical students and resident physicians spend much of their training engaged in transient, time-limited relationships with patients, families, and other care providers. This article offers a partial catalog of the problems that the evanescent nature of trainees' relationships with others creates in their lives, the strategies they often use to address these problems, and the deleterious consequences these strategies may have on their behavior and ethical development.
A146: Strategies for Assessment and Management of Severe Environmental Allergies at “Camp JRA”
Authors: Barbara E. Ostrov, Lisa Robbins
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Camp JRA (Juveniles Reaching Achievement) has been offering a week of fun, education, friendship, independence and support for 17 years to children with arthritis and related diseases. The number of campers has grown from 28 the first year to 120 maximum capacity for the past few years.



Experienced Pediatric Rheumatology nurses and physicians provide hands-on care in the “Med Shed” at Camp JRA. Medical information is completed by parents, pediatric rheumatologists and primary care providers. The senior medical staff review and verify the information. Over the past 5 years we identified that coping with environmental allergies consumed a disproportionate amount of time for the staff and we felt unprepared to optimally address these issues.



We wish to share our strategy in addressing the growing concern about environmental sensitivities in a residential week long camp for children with rheumatic diseases.



Mindfulness of drug allergies is standard of care in any environment where medications are given. Coping with food allergies has assumed a significant position in our hierarchy of medical responsibilities in the Med Shed, as well. We found ourselves struggling to manage the increasing complexity of this issue. We found that some campers had multiple allergies listed that had not been reported, and no details were provided. For many years, we have run a very organized medical camp, however, this issue confounded our care of these complex children.



Methods:

The emergence of the multiple allergies issue was a barrier to providing a confidently safe camp environment. New approaches were developed and implemented. 

1. We developed new allergy history questionaire that triggered progression to further detailed information.
2. We consulted with our Pediatric Allergist to develop an algorithm for assessment of symptoms (Attached to poster).
3. We developed an Allergy Action Plan specific to each camper with allergy issues, approved in advance by parent and signed.
4. We developed a system for Epi-pen storage: over the door holder with multiple clear pockets, with the Epi-pen, the child's photo, the signed Allergy Action Plan.




Results:

We oriented all medical staff who worked in the Med-Shed to the new system. When implemented at Camp JRA in July 2013 and we experienced no allergy response problems. Increasing allergy sensitivities in patients requires a proactive plan for residential camps. We have developed a model for assessing allergies and reaction preparedness. This plan has improved our confidence that we can provide safe rheumatologic AND allergy response care.



Conclusion:

The development of increasing allergy sensitivities and concerns by families and patients requires a proactive plan for residential camps of children with rheumatic disease. We hve developed a model for assessing allergies and reaction preparedness.
Etiologic Factors in Adult Convulsions
Authors: Samuel Livingston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE present paper is a report on the presumptive etiologic factor in 689 patients who experienced their first major motor (grand-mal) convulsion after twenty years of age. The convulsion was generalized in 534 patients, generalized with a focal beginning in 84 and completely focal in 71. None of these patients had had any type of seizure disorder previously. All 689 patients were examined initially by competent neurologists, neurosurgeons or internists to rule out brain tumors, metabolic disorders such as hypoglyccmia and hypocalcemia or any of the, acute cerebral diseases before they were referred to the Epilepsy Clinic for treatment and . . .
Unrecognized False-Positive Ketones From Drugs Containing Free-Sulfhydryl Group(s)
Authors: Gyorgy Csako
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —There are a growing number of drugs that are present in the blood and/or excreted in the urine as free-sulfhydryl compounds. This list includes established drugs like dimercaprol (British antilewisite, BAL), penicillamine, cysteine, and acetylcysteine, plus newer drugs like mesna (or dimesna) and captopril. In alkaline medium, free-sulfhydryl compounds react with a purple color similar to that of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid and acetone but not β-hydroxybutyric acid) in the nitroprusside test.<sup>1</sup>Since the nitroprusside test is used currently in all commercial dipsticks and in the Acetest tablet assay (Ames) for the detection of ketone bodies in urine and blood (serum), the positive interference with free-sulfhydryl compounds is of great importance, particularly in diabetics<sup>2</sup>and in those with suspected hepatocellular injury (eg, acetaminophen poisoning<sup>3</sup>and chemotherapy).<sup>1,4</sup>Documented cases of patients who received or almost received inappropriate therapy with insulin due to spurious ketonuria
Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations—Reply
Authors: Michael G. Marmot
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Restraining infants in cars
Authors: E. Baijal
Journal: BMJ (1988)

work for reasons similar to those described above.Once more, after pressure from the patients, we reached agreement with the health authority and the community health councils to have two short visiting spells each day-one in the afternoon and one in the early evening.The precise times and duration depend on the ward concerned.We agree that the patient's needs are paramount but not the exclusive consideration.One patient's wishes should not be inflicted on other sick patients in neighbouring beds.The caring professions have a duty to tend their patients, but if this is constantly hindered by the excessive and prolonged presence of visitors we have a duty to consider where the priority lies.