tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Mary M. McDermott, Kiang Liu, Lu Tian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters2 May 2006Exercise and Peripheral Arterial DiseaseMary M. McDermott, MD, Kiang Liu, PhD, and Lu Tian, ScDMary M. McDermott, MDFrom Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Search for more papers by this author, Kiang Liu, PhDFrom Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Search for more papers by this author, and Lu Tian, ScDFrom Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-9-200605020-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Kim that cilostazol and pentoxifylline, the only 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs for treating walking impairment in patients with PAD, have modest effects on walking performance in this patient population. Therefore, we repeated the analyses that we reported in our manuscript with additional statistical adjustment for use of pentoxifylline or cilostazol. Our results (Table) did not change substantially from those reported in our manuscript. Therefore, self-directed walking exercise is associated with slower rates of functional decline in persons with PAD, independent of the use of pentoxifylline and cilostazol therapy or other confounders.... Reference1. Gardner AW, Montgomery PS, Flinn WR, Katzel LI. The effect of exercise intensity on the response to exercise rehabilitation in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42:702-9. [PMID: 16242558] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mary M. McDermott, MD; Kiang Liu, PhD; Lu Tian, ScDAffiliations: From Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPhysical Performance in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Slower Rate of Decline in Patients Who Walk More Mary McGrae McDermott , Kiang Liu , Luigi Ferrucci , Michael H. Criqui , Philip Greenland , Jack M. Guralnik , Lu Tian , Joseph R. Schneider , William H. Pearce , Jin Tan , and Gary J. Martin Exercise and Peripheral Arterial Disease Dae Hyun Kim Exercise and Peripheral Arterial Disease Steven T. Johnson and Rhonda C. Bell Metrics 2 May 2006Volume 144, Issue 9Page: 699-700KeywordsCohort studiesConflicts of interestDrug administrationDrugsExerciseExercise therapyFoodPeripheral vascular diseaseWalking ePublished: 2 May 2006 Issue Published: 2 May 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Failure of the human rectum to absorb electrolytes and water
Authors: G. J. Devroede, S. F. Phillips
Journal: Gut (1970)

Absorption of electrolytes and water from the human rectum was quantified by sequential sampling of physiological solutions instilled into the rectum and by the method of continuous intraluminal perfusion. The absorptive function of the rectum measured by the perfusion technique was also compared with that of the entire large intestine. The rectum did not absorb sodium, chloride, or water from isotonic solutions, even after 90 minutes of exposure. The remainder of the colon effectively absorbed sodium, chloride, and water at a rate of approximately 1% of the infused load per minute of contact between perfusates and mucosa.
Computed tomography–based biomarker provides unique signature for diagnosis of COPD phenotypes and disease progression
Authors: Craig J Galbán, Meilan K Han, Jennifer L Boes, Komal A Chughtai, Charles R Meyer, Timothy D Johnson, Stefanie Galbán, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Ella A Kazerooni, Fernando J Martinez, Brian D Ross
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Coal miners' chests
Authors: P. Steadman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

The Government is currently urging coal miners or their relatives to claim compensation if the miner ever had coughing, clearing their chest or throats, breathing problems or any chest problems whatsoever. This applies whether the miner is alive or had such difficulties and is now dead. Doctors may want to bring this scheme, which ends this month (31 March 2004), to the attention of relevant patients or families. Awards can be large, and might be used, for example, to fit a stair lift or employ a carer. The contact body is the Miners & General Workers Compensation Recovery Unit (telephone 0800 085 0880).
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2) activation by shear stress and adhesion in endothelial cells. Essential role for a herbimycin-sensitive kinase.
Authors: M Takahashi, B C Berk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Fluid shear stress modulates vascular function and structure by stimulating mechanosensitive endothelial cell signal events. Cell adhesion, mediated by integrin-matrix interactions, also regulates intracellular signaling by mechanosensitive events. To gain insight into the role of integrin-matrix interactions, we compared tyrosine phosphorylation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation in adhesion- and shear stress-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Adhesion of HUVEC to fibronectin, but not to poly-L-lysine, rapidly activated ERK1/2. Fluid shear stress (12 dyn/cm2) enhanced ERK1/2 activation stimulated by adhesion, suggesting the presence of a separate pathway. Two differences in signal transduction were identified: focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation was increased rapidly by adhesion but not by shear stress; and ERK1/2 activation in response to adhesion was inhibited to a significantly greater extent when actin filaments were disrupted by cytochalasin D. Two similarities in activation of ERK1/2 were observed: protein kinase C (PKC) activity was necessary as shown by complete inhibition when PKC was downregulated; and an herbimycin-sensitive (genistein- and tyrphostin-insensitive) tyrosine kinase was required. c-Src was identified as a candidate tyrosine kinase as it was activated by both shear stress and adhesion. These findings suggest that adhesion and shear stress activate ERK1/2 via a shared pathway that involves an herbimycin-sensitive tyrosine kinase and PKC. In addition, shear stress activates ERK1/2 through another pathway that is partially independent of cytoskeletal integrity.
Humangenetik, vol 5/2: Psychiatrische Krankheiten
Authors: LORCAN O'Tuama
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This 613-page volume forms part of an encyclopedic work on human genetics. The present section deals with various neuropsychiatric disorders and is written by psychiatrists, geneticists, and pediatricians.  Despite the title, the handling is by no means exclusively genetic, for there is much that is pathological and clinical, reflecting the extent to which modern genetics involves other disciplines. Clinical neurology, pediatrics and psychiatry, pathology, immunochemistry, and statistical analysis are all represented.  The authors approach each topic via a detailed literature review, including some excellent tabular and graphical material, as in the discussion of familial cases of Pick's disease. However, this method has the disadvantage of slipping, at times, into inconclusive recitals of opposing views from the literature. Verbal economy, and more liberal use of summaries, would make it easier to see the woods rather than the trees.  Fittingly, almost half of this work is devoted to mental deficiency. The developments
A Second-Opinion Program for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery-Reply
Authors: Thomas B. Graboys
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —We appreciate Dr Renner's thoughtful comments. It is curious to us that many cardiologists view medical therapy as noninterventional; hence, proceeding to coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty becomes an activist solution to what is perceived by some patients and physicians as a stand there philosophy.  Dr Fribourg raises a number of important and as yet unanswered issues. Our study of second opinions reported an experience that was bound to create the type of dialogue raised in Dr Fribourg's letter. We do not profess to know what is best for every patient, nor do we provide a formula or recipe guiding the management of every patient. We hope that our observations encourage other physicians when they choose a conservative method of managing coronary artery disease.  In response to Dr Bogart's letter, our intent was not to add new knowledge about coronary artery surgery. We emphasized in the article the
Abstract 4610: Small molecule inhibitors of membrane-bound MCL-1 and BCL-2.
Authors: Luv G. Patel, Ronald M. Paranal, Jeremy Ryan, Kristopher Sarosiek, James E. Bradner, Anthony Letai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Small molecule inhibitors of membrane-bound MCL-1 and BCL-2 Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 are anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. These proteins sequester activators of Bax-Bak oligomerization and inhibit the subsequent mitochondrial depolarization. Knockdown of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins has induced apoptosis in a variety of cancers, signifying that these malignancies are dependent on these proteins for survival. Thus, their inhibition by small molecules is an emerging strategy in cancer therapy. While Bcl-2 specific and pan-inhibitors have emerged, there remains a dearth of molecules that effectively inhibit Mcl-1. In fact, increased Mcl-1 expression is a common mechanism of resistance to these therapies. Previous efforts to identify small molecules that inhibit MCL-1 or BCL-2 function have exploited assays using soluble, truncated, bacterially-expressed recombinant proteins. Since in vivo MCL-1 and BCL-2 exist at full length and are membrane bound, we thought we could improve the identification of biologically active small molecules by screening in a more physiologically relevant environment. It is likely that membrane association affects the structure and access of binding sites. We have therefore developed a screening assay to assess inhibition of full-length Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 in a membrane-bound state. The screen identified compounds that selectively permeabilize membranes whose integrity depends on either MCL-1 or BCL-2. The screen was optimized for high-throughput 384-well format. Positive controls for screening were peptides representing the BH3 domains of Bad and Noxa, known to be selective inhibitors of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, respectively. We screened &amp;gt;70,000 compound wells. These compounds include an assortment of known bioactives, natural product extract mixtures, and commercial library compounds. We have identified several lead compounds from the primary screen and have validated their performance in biochemical and biological assays. Citation Format: Luv G. Patel, Ronald M. Paranal, Jeremy Ryan, Kristopher Sarosiek, James E. Bradner, Anthony Letai. Small molecule inhibitors of membrane-bound MCL-1 and BCL-2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4610. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4610
A comparison of fibrosis progression in chronic liver diseases
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Philippe Mathurin, Ching-Lung Lai, Dominique Guyader, Renée Poupon, Marie-Hélène Tainturier, Robert P. Myers, Mona Muntenau, Vlad Ratziu, Michael Manns, Arndt Vogel, Frédérique Capron, Antonio Chedid, Pierre Bedossa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)

Background/Aims: No study has compared the liver fibrosis progression rates among chronic liver diseases and the risk factors in order to better organize screening strategies.Methods: A total of 4852 patients were retrospectively studied (chronic hepatitis C (HCV) [n=2313], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–HCV co-infection (HIV–HCV [n=180]), hepatitis B (HBV [n=777]), alcoholic liver disease (ALD [n=701]), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC [n=406]), genetic hemochromatosis (GH [n=383]) auto-immune hepatitis (AIH [n=57]) and delta hepatitis (n=35). The fibrosis progression rates were estimated from birth and from the date of exposure, when known, to the first biopsy.Results: There were highly significant differences in the rates of fibrosis progression, the most rapid being HIV–HCV co-infection (50% cirrhosis percentile at 52 years of age) and the slowest being PBC (50% cirrhosis percentile at 81 years). There was an acceleration of fibrosis progression with aging. Fibrosis progression was slower in females compared with males for HCV, HBV, GH, and PBC. In contrast, in ALD, the fibrosis progression was more rapid in females.Conclusions: Rates of fibrosis progression differ markedly between the predominant causes of chronic liver disease, and according to age and gender. Patients with HIV–HCV co-infection are at particularly high risk of fibrosis progression.
Hospital tables "should prompt authorities to investigate"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The publication last weekend of death rates in hospital trusts throughout Britain has been hailed as a “courageous attempt” to compare the performance of hospitals, but one that offers little help to patients.

The research shows that for every 10 people who die in the best hospitals, 17 die in the worst, even after adjusting the figures for patients' ages, sex, diagnoses, whether the admission was an emergency, and length of stay.

The biggest predictor of death rates was the number of doctors in the hospital and the area. The more doctors per bed and the more GPs per …
THE RELATION OF BACTERIUM PNEUMOSINTES TO INFLUENZA: A STUDY WITH A STRAIN OF THE ORGANISM DERIVED FROM THE NASOPHARYNGEAL WASHINGS OF A CASE OF INFLUENZA
Authors: Milton W. Hall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

Nasopharyngeal washings from a case of epidemic influenza have proven capable of initiating a pathological change in rabbits and in guinea pigs characterized after an incubation period of 1 or 2 days, by some elevation of temperature, reduction in the number of circulating leucocytes, especially of the mononuclears, and by a pulmonary lesion during the period of reaction, which is distinguishable from those accidentally incurred at the time of death. From one such animal, in the second passage of the virus, an anaerobic coccobacius, corresponding in all respects to Bact. pneumosintes, was isolated by the method employed by Olitsky and Gates. This organism also proved capable of initiating the pathological change in animals found after inoculation with influenzal material. The observation of Olitsky and Gates that the presence of this organism in the lungs of experimental animals predisposes to pulmonary localization of other bacteria with the production of definite pneumonic lesions has been confirmed. Bact. pneumosintes infections may be induced by subcutaneous injection of infected material.
Use of QSARs in international decision-making frameworks to predict ecologic effects and environmental fate of chemical substances.
Authors: Mark T D Cronin, John D Walker, Joanna S Jaworska, Michael H I Comber, Christopher D Watts, Andrew P Worth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

This article is a review of the use, by regulatory agencies and authorities, of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to predict ecologic effects and environmental fate of chemicals. For many years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been the most prominent regulatory agency using QSARs to predict the ecologic effects and environmental fate of chemicals. However, as increasing numbers of standard QSAR methods are developed and validated to predict ecologic effects and environmental fate of chemicals, it is anticipated that more regulatory agencies and authorities will find them to be acceptable alternatives to chemical testing.
Diet in Pregnancy
Authors: Howard N. Jacobson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Ten, or even five years ago, the chief question concerning diet and pregnancy was, "Does it matter?" Currently, the question has become, To what degree does a good diet benefit pregnancy, and How can the benefits be measured?The purpose of this paper is to describe how this situation has changed and what is the present state of knowledge. Finally, the expanding use of supplemental foods during pregnancy is discussed. This development lends a special urgency to the resolution of questions about the beneficial influences of good diets and how they are to be measured.BackgroundIt has long been . . .
Multicenter Immunohistochemical ALK-Testing of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Shows High Concordance after Harmonization of Techniques and Interpretation Criteria
Authors: Maximilian von Laffert, Arne Warth, Roland Penzel, Peter Schirmacher, Keith M. Kerr, Göran Elmberger, Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus, Reinhard Büttner, Fernando Lopez-Rios, Simone Reu, Thomas Kirchner, Patrick Pauwels, Katja Specht, Enken Drecoll, Heinz Höfler, Daniela Aust, Gustavo Baretton, Lukas Bubendorf, Sonja Stallmann, Annette Fisseler-Eckhoff, Alex Soltermann, Verena Tischler, Holger Moch, Frederique Penault-Llorca, Hendrik Hager, Frank Schäper, Dido Lenze, Michael Hummel, Manfred Dietel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Physiological activation of Akt by PHLPP1 deletion protects against pathological hypertrophy
Authors: Courtney Moc, Amy E. Taylor, Gino P. Chesini, Cristina M. Zambrano, Melissa S. Barlow, Xiaoxue Zhang, Åsa B. Gustafsson, Nicole H. Purcell
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

To examine the role of physiological Akt signalling in pathological hypertrophy through analysis of PHLPP1 (PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase) knock-out (KO) mice. To investigate the in vivo requirement for 'physiological' control of Akt activation in cardiac growth, we examined the effect of deleting the Akt phosphatase, PHLPP, on the induction of cardiac hypertrophy. Basal Akt phosphorylation increased nearly two-fold in the cardiomyocytes from PHLPP1 KO mice and physiological hypertrophy induced by swimming exercise was accentuated as assessed by increased heart size and myocyte cell area. In contrast, the development of pathophysiological hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and assessed by increases in heart size, myocyte cell area, and hypertrophic gene expression was attenuated. This attenuation coincided with decreased fibrosis and cell death in the KO mice. Cast moulding revealed increased capillary density basally in the KO hearts, which was further elevated relative to wild-type mouse hearts in response to pressure overload. In vitro studies with isolated myocytes in co-culture also demonstrated that PHLPP1 deletion in cardiomyocytes can enhance endothelial tube formation. Expression of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF was also elevated basally and accentuated in response to transverse aortic constriction in hearts from KO mice. Our data suggest that enhancing Akt activity by inhibiting its PHLPP1-mediated dephosphorylation promotes processes associated with physiological hypertrophy that may be beneficial in attenuating the development of pathological hypertrophy.
Inhibition of TET2-mediated conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine disturbs erythroid and granulomonocytic differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Elodie Pronier, Carole Almire, Hayat Mokrani, Aparna Vasanthakumar, Audrey Simon, Barbara da Costa Reis Monte Mor, Aline Massé, Jean-Pierre Le Couédic, Frédéric Pendino, Bruno Carbonne, Jérôme Larghero, Jean-Luc Ravanat, Nicole Casadevall, Olivier A. Bernard, Nathalie Droin, Eric Solary, Lucy A. Godley, William Vainchenker, Isabelle Plo, François Delhommeau
Journal: Blood (2011)
Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: William B. White
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This new reference book on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension is the most comprehensive text to date on this multidisciplinary disease process. The two-volume book has eight large sections that include 150 chapters by more than 250 contributing national and international experts in the basic and clinical disciplines associated with hypertensive diseases. The scope is massive, and the editors have done an excellent job in recruiting a "Who's Who" of hypertension contributors in their various disciplines. As the editors state in their preface, "There is something in it for everybody" as the field of hypertension brings together the most basic of scientists with the most practical of clinicians. This is certainly true, as the mainstream journals in the field of hypertension tend to devote about 60% of their pages to basic research and the remainder to clinical science. Fortunately, this textbook does not follow these proportions, as most
ABC of mental health: Addiction and dependence II: Alcohol
Authors: M. Ashworth, C. Gerada
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Prevalence of alcohol related problemsAs with any drug of addiction, there are four levels of alcohol use.Social drinking-Only about 10% of the population are teetotal.At risk consumption-This is the level of alcohol intake that, if maintained, poses a risk to health.The Health of the Nation gives "safe" levels of consumption-21 units a week for men and 14 units for women.These levels are exceeded by a sizeable minority of the population-28% of men and 11% of women.Problem drinking-At this level, consumption causes serious problems to drinkers, their family and social network, or to society.About 1-2% of the population have alcohol problems.Dependence and addiction-The characteristics of dependence apply to alcohol as to other drugs-periodic or chronic intoxication, uncontrollable craving, tolerance resulting in dose increase, dependence (either psychological or physical), and a detrimental result to the person or society.There are about 200 000 dependent drinkers in the United Kingdom. Factors affecting consumptionConsumption of alcohol depends on several variables.Sex-Although men are twice as likely to have alcohol related problems, the gap between the sexes is narrowing.Occupation-Alcohol misuse is more common in jobs related to catering, brewing, and distilling.In others, such as doctors, sailors, and demolition workers, high consumption is perceived as the social norm.Homelessness-About a third of homeless people have alcohol problems.Race-British Afro-Caribbeans and south Asians have lower average consumption and lower hospital admission rates for alcohol related problems than white people.However, pockets of high consumption exist, as has been reported among Sikh men (particularly of spirits).About a fifth of Chinese and Japanese people cannot drink alcohol because of an inherited lack of the liver enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.