tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conscience and responsibility.
Authors: J Watt
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Those of us who have followed the editorial policy of the British Medical Journal during the past decade will have noticed increasing emphasis on ethical problems. They are posed by the changing character of medical practice in response to rapid technological advance, the pressures of public opinion ultimately reflected in more liberal legislation, and the deficiencies of a comprehensive National Health Service grappling with the problem of finite resources and infinite demand which confront the doctor with conflicting moral choices. We may also have concluded that any philosophical discussion on medical ethics too often leads to abstract and inconclusive intellectual argument?neither conducive to postprandial reflection nor necessarily relevant to the insistent demands on the busy practitioner throughout his day. In these the patient will expect the doctor to discharge his contractual obligation to him through what he rightly considers to be his due: the knowledge, experience, and clinical or administrative skills of an expert operating under the protective moral umbrella of some ill-understood, but hopefully all-embracing, professional code. The problem is that while the doctor is bound by that code to act responsibly towards his patient, the patient, whose expectations have been immoderately fuelled by the media operating under a code determined by the contemporary mores of our increasingly profane society, is under no obligation to reciprocate. Therein lies the doctor's moral dilemma between his conscience and his responsibility.
U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016
Authors: Kathryn M. Curtis, Naomi K. Tepper, Tara C. Jatlaoui, Erin Berry-Bibee, Leah G. Horton, Lauren B. Zapata, Katharine B. Simmons, H. Pamela Pagano, Denise J. Jamieson, Maura K. Whiteman
Journal: MMWR Recommendations and Reports (2016)

The 2016 U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (U.S. MEC) comprises recommendations for the use of specific contraceptive methods by women and men who have certain characteristics or medical conditions. These recommendations for health care providers were updated by CDC after review of the scientific evidence and consultation with national experts who met in Atlanta, Georgia, during August 26-28, 2015. The information in this report updates the 2010 U.S. MEC (CDC. U.S. medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2010. MMWR 2010:59 [No. RR-4]). Notable updates include the addition of recommendations for women with cystic fibrosis, women with multiple sclerosis, and women receiving certain psychotropic drugs or St. John's wort; revisions to the recommendations for emergency contraception, including the addition of ulipristal acetate; and revisions to the recommendations for postpartum women; women who are breastfeeding; women with known dyslipidemias, migraine headaches, superficial venous disease, gestational trophoblastic disease, sexually transmitted diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus; and women who are receiving antiretroviral therapy. The recommendations in this report are intended to assist health care providers when they counsel women, men, and couples about contraceptive method choice. Although these recommendations are meant to serve as a source of clinical guidance, health care providers should always consider the individual clinical circumstances of each person seeking family planning services. This report is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice for individual patients. Persons should seek advice from their health care providers when considering family planning options.
Impairment of T helper and T regulatory cell responses at birth
Authors: B. Schaub, J. Liu, I. Schleich, S. Höppler, C. Sattler, E. Von Mutius
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: There is strong evidence that reduced exposures to microbial compounds triggering innate immune responses early in life are critical for the development of allergic illnesses. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown, but will include T‐cell responses either along T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 pathways or via T regulatory and Th17 cells. Yet, little is known about innate immune responses and the function of T regulatory/Th17 cells at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate T‐cell responses to innate (Lipid A/LpA, peptidoglycan/Ppg) and adaptive (phytohemagglutinin) stimuli at birth and to compare these findings with adult immune responses. Methods: Cord and peripheral blood mononuclear cells including T regulatory and Th17 cells from 25 neonates and 25 adults were examined for proliferation, cytokine secretion, surface, mRNA expression and functional suppression assays. Results: Proliferation and cytokine responses to innate stimuli were less mature at birth than in adulthood. T regulatory and Th17 cells were less expressed in cord than in adult blood (Ppg‐induced Foxp3, P = 0.001, LpA‐induced CD4 + CD25 + high, P = 0.02; Th17 : P &lt; 0.0001). Mitogen‐induced suppression of T‐regulatory cells on T‐effector cell function was less efficient in cord than in adult blood ( P = 0.01). At both ages, Th17 cells were correlated with Th1/Th2 cells ( P &lt; 0.01), but not with interleukin‐10 secretion following innate‐stimulation. Conclusion: Innate immune responses are immature at birth. Furthermore, the function of T regulatory and Th17 cells is impaired. Th17 cells in association with Th1/Th2 cells may be involved in early immuno‐modulation. Potent innate immune stimulation early in life can potentially contribute to protection from allergic diseases.
Pet birds and lung cancer
Authors: J. Britton, S. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1996)

toms, and the possible psychoactive properties of oestrogen.However, even if hormone replacement therapy increases wellbeing or improves mood, this would not necessarily mean that depression is caused by low levels of oestrogen.Taken together the above findings suggest that to attribute depression in a middle aged woman automatically to the menopause is overly simplistic and usually unjustified.The menopause has a psychological, social, and cultural, as well as a biological importance.On the biological level there is more evidence in support of prolonged or severe vasomotor symptoms causing distress than hormone levels.Nor should we forget that for most women the menopause is not a major crisis and that many feel relieved to be free from menstrual periods and the possibility of pregnancy.When a middle aged woman seeks help for depression sev- eral possible causes need to be considered.For example, any stresses or conflicts in her life, bereavements, lack of social 1 American Psychiatric Association.
Abstract 3863: Exhaled microRNAs as potential biomarkers in lung cancer
Authors: Miao Shi, Weiguo Han, Simon Spivack
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: There is a need for non-invasive airway-based biomarkers in lung carcinogenesis for both diagnosis, and risk assessment. MicroRNAs are small, stable, noncoding RNAs that function in gene regulation. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs play important regulatory roles in carcinogenesis. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) contains airway lining fluid molecules, including nucleic acids, as we've previously reported for DNA methylation. We previously developed an RNA-specific microRNA-PCR, whereby PCR artifact can be detected. Here we pilot the detection of microRNAs in EBC of lung cancer patients and controls. Methods: MicroRNA expression profiling using RNA-specific RT-qPCR was performed in EBC from 28 subjects, choosing literature-derived microRNAs that segregate tumors and non-tumor tissue, and an ongoing discovery effort we have commenced using microRNA-seq for tumor versus non-tumor comparison. As of abstract deadline, the top 12 significantly different microRNAs between lung tumor and non-tumor were chosen and their qPCR primers were designed. Results: So far, we have detected several microRNAs in EBC including 21, 34a, 153, 193b, 200c, 221; case-control comparisons are pending. Topographic validation studies are pending. Conclusion: By comparing the differences of microRNA expression between EBC from lung cancer cases and EBC from non-cancer controls, potential exhaled microRNA biomarkers might be found and used in early detection of lung cancer. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants1RC1 CA145422-01, 1K24-CA139054-01. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3863. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3863
Weight loss in an adolescent girl
Authors: M. Punukollu, S. Khan, D. Forsyth
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 15 year old girl who had been previously fit and well presented to the child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) team with weight loss, irregular menstrual periods, excessive exercise, restriction of energy intake during the day, and binging during the evening, followed by vomiting. Her symptoms had been present for a year, since her father had experienced a myocardial infarction. Clinically her symptoms were in keeping with anorexia nervosa, as shown by her completed eating disorder questionnaire.1 Her body mass index (BMI) was 16 and her weight for height was 85% of the median (50th centile) for age and sex. She had a distorted body image, believing her stomach and ankles were too fat, and she had an extreme fear of gaining weight.

She was admitted to an acute medical unit as an emergency after developing severe dehydration with hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, low energy, and inability to concentrate.

She was found to have hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, high bicarbonate levels, and a high amylase concentration. She was given fluid replacement and her electrolyte balance was corrected. CAMHS and the specialist eating disorders team followed her up in the community.



### 1 What is the cause of the blood result picture?

#### Short answer

This picture is caused by excessive vomiting in patients with an eating disorder who are underweight or normal weight. It can also be seen in patients who have been severely restricting their diet or have stopped eating but have had feeding reinstated, putting them at risk of refeeding syndrome.

#### Long answer

Hypokalaemia is caused by self …
The Boards: Pass/Fail or a Number?
Authors: Clinton E. Berryhill
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  I was very interested in Mr Korzeniowski's letter in the February 27, 1991, issue ofJAMA.1His argument is that the selection process (for students or for promotion) has no end point. He extrapolates the selection process in primary, secondary, and undergraduate schools to medical school, residency, and the physician's lifetime in practice.  Moral development and scholastic excellence are roughly equivalent and parallel. A point of diminishing returns is reached. There is a long-held belief that the acquisition of the MD degree is an end point, that all who hold this degree are peers, equals, fellows, or whatever. Now the conventional wisdom is to push this concept back 4 years to entry into medical school.  It is generally believed that all persons in the top 5% of the population (intellectually) can cope with the medical school curriculum and function adequately as physicians. What does it matter
The effects of alpha-methyldopa on cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats: ultrastructural, stereological, and morphometric analysis
Authors: R. J. TOMANEK, J. W. DAVIS, S. C. ANDERSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

This study examined the role of α-methyldopa on the myocardial cell (cardiocyte) and its microvascular bed. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were administered the drug commencing at 4 weeks of age. Tissue specimens from perfused-fixed hearts of 16 week-old rats were studied by electron microscopy and data obtained using stereological and morphometric methods. In both the subendocardium and subepicardium of SHR cardiocytes were hypertrophic and a significant drop in capillary density was evident. In spite of the failure of α-methyldopa (in the protocol used in this study) to significantly reduce blood pressure in SHR, heart weight values of the drug-treated rats (T-SHR) were in the high normal range. Cardiocytes comprising the subepicardium were similar in size to those of normotensive animals, while those comprising the subendocardium were mildly hypertrophic. While hypertrophy in the SHR was associated with a decrease in the cellular fraction of mitochondrial volume and a decrease in the volume ratio: mitochondria/myofibrils, in T-SHR these parameters were normal even in cells from the mildly hypertrophic sub- endocardial region. Enhanced folding of the intercalated disc, though variable, was found to be most common in both the subepicardium and subendocardium of T-SHR. These data suggest that α-methyldopa may prevent or modify hypertrophy without significantly altering blood pressure. While certain cellular parameters, ie, fractional volumes of mitochondria and myofibrils, may be normalised by this intervention, enhanced folding of the intercalated disc is accentuated.
The effects of low dietary levels of polyunsaturates on alcohol-induced liver disease in Rhesus monkeys
Authors: R J Pawlosky, B M Flynn, N Salem
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Rhesus monkeys that were maintained on a diet containing low, yet adequate, amounts of vitamins C and E and in which linoleate and linolenate represented 1.4% and 0.08% of the total caloric intake, respectively, developed liver fibrosis after consuming alcohol (mean, 2.6 g kg(-1) d[-1]) over a period of 3 years. In the liver, several polyunsaturated fatty acids including 18:2n6, 20:4n6, and 22:6n3 decreased compared with dietary controls, and similar findings were also observed in plasma lipoproteins and erythrocytes. The amount of alcohol consumed correlated positively with plasma lipid peroxidation products, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-isoprostane F2alpha, and negatively with 20:4n6 and 22:6n3 levels. These findings imply that alcoholics who also have a marginal intake of essential fatty acids and antioxidants in their diets may be at an increased risk of developing liver disease.
Can the Private Sector Lead the Evolution of Medicine in the 1980's?
Authors: William G. Anlyan, Victor Cohn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Until the late 1970's, there was no process to enhance the unification of the private sector on major national issues affecting medicine and health care. On many issues, the private sector was divided. In the absence of leadership in the private sector, the federal government stepped into the vacuum without benefit of a long memory or a long-range plan; political expediency became an added ingredient.Efforts to create some consensus in the private sector in medicine led to the formation in 1971–1972 of the Coordinating Council on Medical Education and its subset of new liaison committees. However, the "turf" problems . . .
Innate Immune Inflammatory Response against Enteric Bacteria <i>Helicobacter hepaticus</i> Induces Mammary Adenocarcinoma in Mice
Authors: Varada P. Rao, Theofilos Poutahidis, Zhongming Ge, Prashant R. Nambiar, Chakib Boussahmain, Yan Yan Wang, Bruce H. Horwitz, James G. Fox, Susan E. Erdman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Inflammation associated with bacterial infections is a risk factor for cancers in humans, yet its role in breast cancer remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that innate immune inflammatory response against intestinal bacteria is sufficient to induce colon cancer. Here we report that infecting Rag2-deficient C57BL/6 ApcMin/+ mice with an intestinal bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter hepaticus, significantly promotes mammary carcinoma in females and enhances intestinal adenoma multiplicity by a tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–dependent mechanism. The mammary and intestinal tumor development as well as the increase in proinflammatory mediators is suppressed by adoptive transfer of interleukin 10–competent CD4+CD45RBloCD25+ regulatory (TR) cells. Furthermore, prior exposure of donor mice to H. hepaticus significantly enhances antitumor potency of their TR cells. Interestingly, these microbially experienced TR cells suppress tumorigenesis more effectively in recipient mice irrespective of their tumor etiology. These data suggest that infections with enteric pathogens enhance TR-cell potency and protect against epithelial cancers later in life, potentially explaining paradoxical increases in cancer risk in developed countries having more stringent hygiene practices. The possibility that dysregulated gut microbial infections in humans may lead to cancer in anatomically distant organs, such as breast, highlights the need for novel immune-based strategies in cancer prevention and treatment. (Cancer Res 2006;66(15):7395-400)
Josef Jadassohn
Authors: Leyre A. Falto-Aizpurua, Robert D. Griffith, Keyvan Nouri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Isolation of<i>Brucella abortus</i>by Percutaneous Liver Biopsy
Authors: Fred B. Cohen, Bernard Robins, William Lipstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE indisputable evidence for the diagnosis of brucellosis is isolation and culture of the organism. The chief sources of material for culture have been blood, bone marrow, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, duodenal drainage and tissues removed at surgery.1 The case reported below re-emphasizes the feasibility of obtaining positive cultures from yet another organ of the reticuloendothelial system. Furthermore, it afforded the opportunity to follow histologically the regression of a specific hepatic lesion treated with antibiotics.Case ReportC.R., a 26-year-old laborer, was admitted to the Newark Beth Israel Hospital for the 1st time on October 18, 1956, complaining of fever, night . . .
Low-power laser in the prevention of induced oral mucositis in bone marrow transplantation patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Héliton Spíndola Antunes, Alexandre Mello de Azevedo, Luiz Fernando da Silva Bouzas, Carlos Alberto Esteves Adão, Claudia Tereza Pinheiro, Renato Mayhe, Lucia Helena Pinheiro, Renato Azevedo, Valkiria D'Aiuto de Matos, Pedro Carvalho Rodrigues, Isabele Avila Small, Renato Amaro Zangaro, Carlos Gil Ferreira
Journal: Blood (2006)
BMA Annual Representative Meeting: BMA votes against affiliating with anti-privatisation group
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The BMA voted by 59% to 41% against affiliating with the pressure group Keep Our NHS Public at its annual representative meeting in Belfast, but it reaffirmed the group's aims and principles.

Wendy Savage, an obstetrician and gynaecologist, said in proposing a motion in favour of affiliation that the group had been set up in 2005 because of “an urgent need to defend the NHS” and prevent it adopting the wasteful, inequitable systems of the United States.

Professor Savage told the meeting that if representatives did not believe that the government was creating a market, they should …
Diagnosing Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma by Endoscopic Ultrasound–Fine-Needle Aspiration of a Splenic Mass
Authors: Nadim El-Majzoub, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Fouad I. Boulos, Rami Mahfouz, Mohamad A. Eloubeidi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
The Use of the Mini-Mental State Examination to Assess Cognitive Functioning in Cancer Trials: No Ifs, Ands, Buts, or Sensitivity
Authors: Christina A. Meyers, Jeffrey S. Wefel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.07.080 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12913103 The Use of the Mini-Mental State Examination to Assess Cognitive Functioning in Cancer Trials: No Ifs, Ands, Buts, or Sensitivity Christina A. MeyersxChristina A. MeyersSearch for articles by this author , Jeffrey S. WefelxJeffrey S. WefelSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.07.080 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "The Use of the Mini-Mental State Examination to Assess Cognitive Functioning in Cancer Trials: No Ifs, Ands, Buts, or Sensitivity." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(19), pp. 3557–3558© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF RAT LEUCOCYTIC EXTRACTS
Authors: M. Fishman, L. J. Cole, M. S. Silverman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

The bactericidal substance present in mitochondrial extracts from rat leucocytes was found to be non-dialyzable, fractionated at 30 per cent (NH(4)SO(4) saturation and was able to withstand temperatures up to 100 degrees C. The tentative identification of a lipoprotein as the responsible bactericidal substance is based on various observations; an ultraviolet absorption at a peak associated with alpha, beta unsaturated fatty acids, 205 to 208 mmicro, inactivation of the bactericidal substance by ether treatment at -70 degrees C. but not at 0 degrees C. and inhibition of the bactericidal activity with lipase treatment as well as with trypsin.
Decoding Neurodevelopment: Findings on Environmental Exposures and Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Angela Spivey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

A 71 W hat makes one person different from the next?In large part it's that our individual brains are wired a bit differently; each neuron in each person's brain has a different set of synapses connecting to a different set of neurons.When we're born, most of the major functional subregions of the brain and their interconnections are in place, but various experiences and environmental exposures affect which synaptic connections become stronger and which become weaker.Different areas of the brain have this synaptic plasticity-or ability to grow stronger or weaker connections-at different time periods, and the timing of these "critical periods" is tightly regulated.The field of neurobiology is humming with new findings on the intricate workings that orchestrate this process, too many to describe in one story.But of special interest are key discoveries by investigators at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) about some of the basic mechanisms involved in synaptic plasticity, and work by other investigators that explores the hypothesis that environmental toxicants that disrupt synaptic plasticity at critical periods play a role in disorders that have roots in early brain development, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. 1,2