tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in pulmonary artery hypertension
Authors: Melda Saglam, Naciye Vardar-Yagli, Ebru Calik, Hulya Arikan, Sema Savci, Deniz Inal-Ince, Ozge Ozalp, Ali Akdogan, Mehmet Yokusoglu, Lale Tokgozoglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background and Aim:  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure. The PAH patients experience dyspnea and fatigue limiting performance in activities of daily life. The aim of this study was to compare lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and peripheral muscle strength between patients with PAH and healthy subjects.   Materials and Methods:  Seventeen patients with PAH (4 M, 13 F) and fifteen age-matched healthy controls (7 M, 8 F) participated in this study. Pulmonary function test was performed using spirometry. Respiratory muscle strength was measured using a mouth pressure device. Lower and upper peripheral muscle strength was measured from quadriceps femoris, shoulder abductors a hand held dynamometer, and hand grip was recorded.   Results:  The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 63.57±31.77 mmHg. In PAH patients, maximal inspiratory pressure was significantly correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r=-0.67, p   Conclusions:  High pulmonary arterial pressure results in reduced peripheral, inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength. Effects of respiratory and peripheral muscle training in patients with PAH needs further investigation.
Expanded B cell population blocks regulatory T cells and exacerbates ileitis in a murine model of Crohn disease
Authors: Timothy S. Olson, Giorgos Bamias, Makoto Naganuma, Jesús Rivera-Nieves, Tracy L. Burcin, William Ross, Margaret A. Morris, Theresa T. Pizarro, Peter B. Ernst, Fabio Cominelli, Klaus Ley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

SAMP1/YitFc mice develop discontinuous, transmural inflammatory lesions in the terminal ileum, similar to what is found in human Crohn disease. Compared with the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of AKR control mice, SAMP1/YitFc MLNs contain a 4.3-fold expansion in total B cell number and a 2.5-fold increased percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing the αEβ7 integrin. Although αEβ7+CD4+ T cells possess a regulatory phenotype (CD25+, L-selectinlo, and CD45RBlo), express IL-10, and suppress effector T cell proliferation in vitro, they cannot prevent ileitis development in SCID mice adoptively transferred with effector CD4+ T cells, although the CD4+CD25+ subset, which overlaps with the αEβ7+CD4+ subset, prevents colitis. The αEβ7+CD4+ T cells express high levels of ICOS, a costimulatory molecule that augments B cell function, suggesting their involvement in the increase in B cells, IgA+ cells, and soluble IgA found within the MLNs and ileum of SAMP1/YitFc mice. MLN B cell numbers correlate with ileitis severity in SAMP1/YitFc mice, and cotransfer of SAMP1/YitFc MLN B cells along with CD4+ T cells increases ileitis severity in SCID mice compared with transfer of CD4+ T cells alone. SAMP1/YitFc B cells prevent αEβ7+CD4+ T cells from suppressing effector T cell proliferation. We conclude that SAMP1/YitFc MLN B cells contribute to the development of SAMP1/YitFc ileitis.
<i>In Vivo</i> Quantitation of Epithelial Lining Fluid in Dog Lung
Authors: SAM BAYAT, AHMED MENAOUAR, DANIEL ANGLADE, HENRY ETTINGER, ANNE FRANÇOIS-JOUBERT, GILA BENCHETRIT, FRANCIS A. GRIMBERT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We used an original saturation bronchoalveolar lavage (SBAL) technique (Eur. Respir. J. 1995;8[Suppl. 19]398S) to quantitate lung epithelial lining fluid volume (VELF) in dogs in two separate experiments: control and after oleic-acid-induced injury. We confirmed the hypothesis that 99mTc-DTPA, infused at constant plasma activity, reaches equilibrium with epithelial lining fluid after 90 min. We performed eight sequential lavages 215 min after beginning the infusion of 99mTc-DTPA. 99mTc-DTPA activity (Qn) in the lavage fluid increased linearly with time, suggesting transport from the plasma into the alveoli during lavage. We extrapolated Qn to time zero (Q0), when 99mTc-DTPA was not affected by lavage. VELF was calculated from: VELF = Q0/Cp, (Cp: 99mTc-DTPA mean plasma activity). 125I-albumin was used as a nondiffusible alveolar indicator to measure the fluid volume present in the lavaged segment (Vt,n). Vt,n plateaud for n >= 4. VELF/Vt,n(n = 5,8) was 1.7 +/- 0.4 and 25.0 +/- 4.4% (p < 0.05) in control and injury experiments, respectively. SBAL allowed reliable measurements of VELF and detection of alveolar edema fluid in the injured lung.
Late Consequences of Acute Ischemic Injury to a Solitary Kidney
Authors: MARIA ENRICA PAGTALUNAN, JEAN L. OLSON, NICHOLAS L. TILNEY, TIMOTHY W. MEYER
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

The sequelae of acute ischemic injury to a solitary kidney were assessed in rats subjected to right nephrectomy and transient occlusion of the left renal artery; control rats underwent right nephrectomy alone. Incomplete recovery from ischemic injury at 2 wk (serum creatinine levels of 1.1 +/- 0.2 versus 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05 for ischemia versus control) was followed by deterioration of renal function at 20 wk (serum creatinine levels of 1.7 +/- 0.4 versus 0.7 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05 for ischemia versus control). Morphologic studies showed that impairment of function after ischemic injury was associated with widespread tubulointerstitial disease. Some tubule segments were atrophic and others exhibited cystic dilation, so that the tubular cell volume fraction was reduced (37 +/- 4 versus 53 +/- 2%, P < 0.05), while the tubular lumen and interstitial volume fractions were increased (31 +/- 4 versus 23 +/- 2% and 29 +/- 2 versus 20 +/- 1%, respectively, both P < 0.05). Many glomeruli retained open capillary loops but were no longer connected to normal tubule segments (63 +/- 8 versus 15 +/- 7% of glomeruli, P < 0.05). There was a strong inverse correlation between the prevalence of such glomeruli and the GFR at 20 wk after ischemia (r2 = 0.79, P < 0.001). Tubulointerstitial disease at that time was accompanied by proteinuria and widespread segmental glomerular tuft injury. The occurrence of similar processes in human patients could contribute to the loss of graft kidneys that suffer ischemic injury during transplantation.
Impact of Statins on Serial Coronary Calcification During Atheroma Progression and Regression
Authors: Rishi Puri, Stephen J. Nicholls, Mingyuan Shao, Yu Kataoka, Kiyoko Uno, Samir R. Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Reciprocal regulation of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 following myocardial infarction in the rat*1
Authors: R SANDHU
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: This study sought to characterize changes in the angiopoietin system in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Background: Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) bind to the endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, TIE-2. Ang-2 has been suggested to be an antagonist of TIE-2, possibly acting to release endothelial cells from the tonic stabilizing influence of Ang-1. However, on prolonged exposure, Ang-2 has been shown to acquire agonistic activity at TIE-2, raising the possibility that this isoform may play a direct role in neovascularization. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to left coronary ligation and myocardial tissues were harvested from the infarct and peri-infarct regions, or from non-infarcted myocardium. Changes in gene expression were determined by RT-PCR and confirmed by Northern analysis. Changes in protein expression were confirmed by Western analysis and immunocytochemistry, and TIE-2 activity was determined by immunoprecipitation with anti-TIE-2 and antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting. Results: At 24 h, Ang-1 mRNA and protein expression within the infarct and peri-infarct regions were decreased compared to non-infarcted myocardium, whereas Ang-2 mRNA levels were markedly increased and TIE-2 expression was unchanged. Immunohistochemical staining revealed Ang-1 and TIE-2 immunoreactivity localized to vascular endothelium. In the infarct territory, Ang-2 immunostaining was localized primarily to invading leukocytes at 24 h. At 1 week, Ang-1 expression was partially restored, whereas Ang-2 expression remained elevated. At the time of peak elevation in Ang-2, Tie2 phosphorylation was found to be markedly increased, consistent with receptor activation. Conclusions: Thus, myocardial ischemia induced by left coronary artery ligation resulted in a sustained increase in Ang-2 expression and a reciprocal decrease in Ang-1, consistent with a predominant role for Ang-2 in the angiogenic response to MI.
Effect of bradykinin on allergen induced increase in exhaled nitric oxide in asthma
Authors: F L M Ricciardolo
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Exposure of patients with atopic asthma to allergens produces a long term increase in exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), probably reflecting inducible NO synthase (NOS) expression. In contrast, bradykinin (BK) rapidly reduces FENO. It is unknown whether BK suppresses increased FENO production after allergen exposure in asthma, and whether it modulates FENO via NOS inhibition.Levels of FENO in response to aerosolised BK were studied before (day 3) and 48 hours after (day 10) randomised diluent (diluent/placebo/BK (Dil/P/BK)), allergen (allergen/placebo/BK (All/P/BK), and allergen/L-NMMA/BK (All/L/BK)) challenges (day 8) in 10 atopic, steroid naïve, mild asthmatic patients with dual responses to inhaled house dust mite extract. To determine whether BK modulates FENO via NOS inhibition, subjects performed pre- and post-allergen BK challenges after pretreatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NMMA in the All/L/BK period.Allergen induced a fall in FENO during the early asthmatic reaction (EAR) expressed as AUC(0-1) (ANOVA, p=0.04), which was followed by a rise in FENO during the late asthmatic reaction (LAR) expressed as AUC(1-48) (ANOVA, p=0.008). In the Dil/P/BK period, FENO levels after BK on pre- and post-diluent days were lower than FENO levels after placebo (difference 23.5 ppb (95% CI 6.2 to 40.9) and 22.5 ppb (95% CI 7.3 to 37.7), respectively; p<0.05). Despite the long lasting increase in FENO following allergen challenge in the LAR, BK suppressed FENO levels at 48 hours after allergen challenge in the All/P/BK period, lowering the increased FENO (difference from placebo 54.3 ppb (95% CI 23.8 to 84.8); p=0.003) to the baseline level on the pre-allergen day (p=0.51). FENO levels were lower after L-NMMA than after placebo on pre-allergen (difference 10.85 ppb (95% CI 1.3 to 20.4); p=0.03) and post-allergen (difference 36.2 ppb (95% CI 5.5 to 66.9); p=0.03) days in the All/L/BK and All/P/BK periods, respectively. L-NMMA did not significantly potentiate the pre- and post-allergen reduction in BK induced FENO.Bradykinin suppresses the allergen induced increase in exhaled NO in asthma; this is not potentiated by L-NMMA. Bradykinin and L-NMMA may follow a common pathway in reducing increased NO production before and after experimental allergen exposure. Reinforcement of this endogenous protective mechanism should be considered as a therapeutic target in asthma.
Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Olanzapine Versus Placebo in Patients Prodromally Symptomatic for Psychosis
Authors: Thomas H. McGlashan, Robert B. Zipursky, Diana Perkins, Jean Addington, Tandy Miller, Scott W. Woods, Keith A. Hawkins, Ralph E. Hoffman, Adrian Preda, Irvin Epstein, Donald Addington, Stacy Lindborg, Quynh Trzaskoma, Mauricio Tohen, Alan Breier
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: This study assessed the efficacy of olanzapine in delaying or preventing conversion to psychosis and reducing symptoms in people with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia.Method: This randomized trial occurred at four North American clinics in the Prevention Through Risk Identification, Management, and Education project.Outpatients received olanzapine (5-15 mg/day, N=31) or placebo (N=29) during a 1-year double-blind treatment period and no treatment during a 1-year follow-up period.Efficacy measures included the conversion-to-psychosis rate and Scale of Prodromal Symptoms scores.Results: During the treatment year, 16.1% of olanzapine patients and 37.9% of placebo patients experienced a conver-sion to psychosis, a nearly significant difference.The hazard of conversion among placebo patients was about 2.5 times that among olanzapine-treated patients, which also approached significance.In the follow-up year, the conversion rate did not differ significantly between groups.During treatment, the mean score for prodromal positive symptoms improved more in the olanzapine group than in the placebo group, and the mixed-model repeated-measures leastsquares mean score showed significantly greater improvement between weeks 8 and 28 with olanzapine.The olanzapine patients gained significantly more weight (mean=8.79kg, SD=9.05, versus mean= 0.30 kg, SD=4.24).Conclusions: A significant treatment difference in the conversion-to-psychosis rate was not demonstrated.However, these results may be influenced by low power.The nearly significant differences suggest that olanzapine might reduce the conversion rate and delay onset of psychosis.Olanzapine was efficacious for positive prodromal symptoms but induced weight gain.Further treatment research in this phase of illness is warranted.
Apolipoprotein B: mRNA Editing, Lipoprotein Assembly, and Presecretory Degradation
Authors: Nicholas O. Davidson, Gregory S. Shelness
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2000)

Apolipoprotein (apo)B circulates in two distinct forms, apoB100 and apoB48. Human liver secretes apoB100, the product of a large mRNA encoding 4536 residues. The small intestine of all mammals secretes apoB48, which arises following C-to-U deamination of a single cytidine base in the nuclear apoB transcript, introducing a translational stop codon. This process, referred to as apoB RNA editing, operates through a multicomponent enzyme complex that contains a single catalytic subunit, apobec-1, in addition to other protein factors that have yet to be cloned. ApoB RNA editing also exhibits stringent cis-acting requirements that include both structural and sequence-specific elements-specifically efficiency elements that flank the minimal cassette, an AU-rich RNA context, and an 11-nucleotide mooring sequence-located in proximity to a suitably positioned (usually upstream) cytidine. C-to-U RNA editing may become unconstrained under circumstances where apobec-1 is overexpressed, in which case multiple cytidines in apoB RNA, as well as in other transcripts, undergo C-to-U editing. ApoB RNA editing is eliminated following targeting of apobec-1, establishing that there is no genetic redundancy in this function. Under physiological circumstances, apoB RNA editing exhibits developmental, hormonal, and nutritional regulation, in some cases related to transcriptional regulation of apobec-1 mRNA. ApoB and the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) are essential for the assembly and secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins. MTP functions by transferring lipid to apoB during its translation and by transporting triglycerides into the endoplasmic reticulum to form apoB-free lipid droplets. These droplets fuse with nascent apoB-containing particles to form mature, very low-density lipoproteins or chylomicrons. In cultured hepatic cells, lipid availability dictates the rate of apoB production. Unlipidated or underlipidated forms of apoB are subjected to presecretory degradation, a process mediated by retrograde transport from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol, coupled with multiubquitination and proteasomal degradation. Although control of lipid secretion in vivo is primarily achieved at the level of lipoprotein particle size, regulation of apoB production by presecretory degradation may be relevant in some dyslipidemic states.
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Extraction of Gastric Parasites
Authors: M. Muñoz-Navas, E. Macías, L. García-Villarreal, J. Val, R. Angós
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

The value of endoscopy in the diagnosis and extraction of parasites in the human digestive tract has been demonstrated (1).Worms attached to gastric mucosa are exceptional and only a small number of cases have been reported in the literature (2, 3).A 40-year-old male presented with epigastric pain of one month duration.The pain onset occurred immediately after returning from the mountains where the patient drank spring water.Physical examination and laboratory data were normal.Stool specimens were negative for parasites and culture.An abdominal ultrasound and upper gastrointestinal X-ray series were normal before consulting our hospital.
An Unusual Presentation of Malignant Melanoma Metastatic to the Lungs and Bronchi. Bilateral Ground-Glass Opacities with a “Crazy Paving” Component
Authors: Or Kalchiem-Dekel, Nimrod Maimon, Avram R. Shack, Alexander Smoliakov, Ruthy Shaco-Levy, Oren Fruchter, Benjamin D. Fox, Mordechai R. Kramer, Ori Galante
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Inhibition of DNA Methyltransferase Activity Prevents Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Michael T. McCabe, Jonathan A. Low, Stephanie Daignault, Michael J. Imperiale, Kirk J. Wojno, Mark L. Day
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes by DNA methylation plays an important role in tumorigenesis. These aberrant epigenetic modifications may be mediated in part by elevated DNA methyltransferase levels. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), in particular, is overexpressed in many tumor types. Recently, we showed that Dnmt1 is transcriptionally regulated by E2F transcription factors and that retinoblastoma protein (pRb) inactivation induces Dnmt1. Based on these observations, we investigated regulation of Dnmt1 by polyomavirus oncogenes, which potently inhibit the pRb pocket protein family. Infection of primary human prostate epithelial cells with BK polyomavirus dramatically induced Dnmt1 transcription following large T antigen (TAg) translation and E2F activation. For in vivo study of Dnmt1 regulation, we used the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, which expresses the SV40 polyomavirus early region, including TAg, under control of a prostate-specific promoter. Analysis of TRAMP prostate lesions revealed greatly elevated Dnmt1 mRNA and protein levels beginning in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and continuing through advanced prostate cancer and metastasis. Interestingly, when TRAMP mice were treated in a chemopreventive manner with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza), 0 of 14 mice developed prostate cancer at 24 weeks of age, whereas 7 of 13 (54%) control-treated mice developed poorly differentiated prostate cancer. Treatment with 5-aza also prevented the development of lymph node metastases and dramatically extended survival compared with control-treated mice. Taken together, these data suggest that Dnmt1 is rapidly activated by pRb pathway inactivation, and that DNA methyltransferase activity is required for malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 385-92)
Effect of amiodarone on rat heart myosin isoenzymes.
Authors: N Bagchi, T R Brown, D S Schneider, S K Banerjee
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The effects of amiodarone on heart weight, production of 14C-CO2 from labelled glucose, myosin ATPase activity, and myosin isoenzyme patterns were determined by comparing control and amiodarone-treated male Wistar rats. Since it has been suggested that amiodarone may interfere with thyroid hormone action on the heart, similar experiments were also carried out in hypothyroid and amiodarone-plus-triiodothyronine(T3)-treated rats, and the data were compared to those obtained in amiodarone-treated rats. Amiodarone treatment for 6 weeks resulted in lower heart weight, decreased atrial production of 14C-CO2 from labelled glucose, decreased myosin Ca-ATPase activity, and preferential synthesis of V3 isomyosin. These effects were similar to those observed in hypothyroid rats but were lesser in magnitude. T3 treatment of amiodarone-treated rats reversed all the changes induced by amiodarone. Serum thyroxine (T4) was higher in amiodarone-treated than in control rats, while serum T3 was similar. Serum T3 was higher in the amiodarone-plus-T3 than in the amiodarone-treated group. These results show that 1) amiodarone-induced changes resemble hypothyroidism with respect to cardiac myosin expression and atrial CO2 production, 2) amiodarone causes hypothyroid-like changes despite normal serum T3 and increased serum T4, and 3) T3 reverses the effects of amiodarone. These data support the hypothesis that amiodarone inhibits the action of thyroid hormone on the heart.
Leucovorin and Fluorouracil With or Without Oxaliplatin as First-Line Treatment in Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: A. de Gramont, A. Figer, M. Seymour, M. Homerin, A. Hmissi, J. Cassidy, C. Boni, H. Cortes-Funes, A. Cervantes, G. Freyer, D. Papamichael, N. Le Bail, C. Louvet, D. Hendler, F. de Braud, C. Wilson, F. Morvan, A. Bonetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: In a previous study of treatment for advanced colorectal cancer, the LV5FU2 regimen, comprising leucovorin (LV) plus bolus and infusional fluorouracil (5FU) every 2 weeks, was superior to the standard North Central Cancer Treatment Group/Mayo Clinic 5-day bolus 5FU/LV regimen. This phase III study investigated the effect of combining oxaliplatin with LV5FU2, with progression-free survival as the primary end point. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred twenty previously untreated patients with measurable disease were randomized to receive a 2-hour infusion of LV (200 mg/m 2 /d) followed by a 5FU bolus (400 mg/m 2 /d) and 22-hour infusion (600 mg/m 2 /d) for 2 consecutive days every 2 weeks, either alone or together with oxaliplatin 85 mg/m 2 as a 2-hour infusion on day 1. RESULTS: Patients allocated to oxaliplatin plus LV5FU2 had significantly longer progression-free survival (median, 9.0 v 6.2 months; P = .0003) and better response rate (50.7% v 22.3%; P = .0001) when compared with the control arm. The improvement in overall survival did not reach significance (median, 16.2 v 14.7 months; P = .12). LV5FU2 plus oxaliplatin gave higher frequencies of National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria grade 3/4 neutropenia (41.7% v 5.3% of patients), grade 3/4 diarrhea (11.9% v 5.3%), and grade 3 neurosensory toxicity (18.2% v 0%), but this did not result in impairment of quality of life (QoL). Survival without disease progression or deterioration in global health status was longer in patients allocated to oxaliplatin treatment (P = .004). CONCLUSION: The LV5FU2-oxaliplatin combination seems beneficial as first-line therapy in advanced colorectal cancer, demonstrating a prolonged progression-free survival with acceptable tolerability and maintenance of QoL.