tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Gastroenterology: Decision Making in Gastroenterology. Second Edition
Authors: Richard P. MacDermott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 August 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Gastroenterology: Decision Making in Gastroenterology. Second EditionRichard P. MacDermott, MDRichard P. MacDermott, MDHospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-3-199308010-00045 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Decision Making in Gastroenterology. Second editionJoel S. Levine. 495 pages. St. Louis, Missouri: B. C. Decker; 1992. $69.00.Many books have been written on the subject of gastrointestinal disorders. Indeed, it might be argued that we have too many textbooks on general gastroenterology to make it possible for a new book to provide additional, substantive information. It is therefore a pleasure to see that the approach taken by Dr. Levine on the current practical decision-making process for common patient problems in gastroenterology results in a novel and useful textbook. Dr. Levine has centered the decision-making process around frequently encountered clinical situations. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 3Page: 255KeywordsDecision makingDecision treesGastroenterology and hepatologyResearch laboratoriesSigns and symptoms ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The <i>Paf</i> oncogene is essential for hematopoietic stem cell function and development
Authors: Yacine M. Amrani, Jonathan Gill, Armine Matevossian, Eric S. Alonzo, Chingwen Yang, Jae-Hung Shieh, Malcolm A. Moore, Christopher Y. Park, Derek B. Sant'Angelo, Lisa K. Denzin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew to maintain the lifelong production of all blood populations. Here, we show that the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-associated factor (Paf) is highly expressed in cycling bone marrow HSCs and plays a critical role in hematopoiesis. Mice lacking Paf exhibited reduced bone marrow cellularity; reduced numbers of HSCs and committed progenitors; and leukopenia. These phenotypes are caused by a cell-intrinsic blockage in the development of long-term (LT)-HSCs into multipotent progenitors and preferential loss of lymphoid progenitors caused by markedly increased p53-mediated apoptosis. In addition, LT-HSCs from Paf(-/-) mice had increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), failed to maintain quiescence, and were unable to support LT hematopoiesis. The loss of lymphoid progenitors was likely due the increased levels of ROS in LT-HSCs caused by treatment of Paf(-/-) mice with the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine restored lymphoid progenitor numbers to that of Paf(+/+) mice. Collectively, our studies identify Paf as a novel and essential regulator of early hematopoiesis.
Histamine and Nocturnal Wheezing
Authors: Jeffrey Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The tendency of patients with asthma to have exacerbations of bronchoconstriction at night is well known, but the mechanisms responsible for this predilection have not been well characterized. In this issue of the Journal, Barnes and his co-workers point out differences between asthmatics and normal subjects that could partly explain nocturnal wheezing. They show that asthmatics have a circadian rhythm of airway tone: the greatest narrowing of airways, as shown by measurements of peak expiratory flow rate, occurs in the early morning hours and coincides with a peak in plasma histamine and a nadir in plasma epinephrine. In contrast, . . .
Private Rights and the Public Good — Sterilization of Minors — Comment or Report?
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The erosion of personal liberty and privacy is discussed in terms of the computer and data bank and the sterilization of minors. In Sussex C ounty, England a computerized school health service records the health a nd physique of school children. In 1970, 55 family physicians sent off personal details of their patients to be computerized without patient pe rmission. Mr. Hugh Macpherson has conceded the medical and administrative advantages of a computer system but thinks it is the perfect tool for the police state. The mother of an 11-year-old epileptic, mentally retarded, and sexually precocious girl asked to have the girl sterilized. A pediatrician had advocated the operation, and a gynecologist had agreed to perform it. A psychologist at the girl's school challenged the decision, and the girl was made a ward of court. Judge Heilbron ruled that the operation should not be carried out because it involved the deprivation of a fundamental human right. The Central Ethical Committee of the British Medical Association is reviewing the situation, and the Dept. of Health will publish a discussion document.
Resolution of Refractory AIDS-Related Mucosal Candidiasis after Initiation of Didanosine plus Saquinavir
Authors: Barry S. Zingman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: Mucosal candidiasis that is refractory to treatment with fluconazole is an increasingly common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In many cases, none of the available oral antifungal agents are effective; in some cases, even intravenous amphotericin B provides only partial relief. We describe a patient with fluconazole-resistant mucosal candidiasis whose infection resolved after the initiation of treatment with an antiretroviral agent combined with a protease inhibitor. A 34-year-old man with HIV infection had CD4 counts of 4 to 10 cells per cubic millimeter from November 1991 to January 1996. He received didanosine from January 1992 . . .
Removing user fees for primary care in Africa: the need for careful action
Authors: Lucy Gilson, Di McIntyre
Journal: BMJ (2005)

availability of considerable international funding for HIV treatment, substantial resources should be directed to strengthening the back office.Contributors and sources: LD is a community physician and epidemiologist who has worked on health systems development and strengthening in Africa for over 15 years, with experience in the design of community managed primary care programmes that harness both public
Chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C.
Authors: S Levi, C Foster, H J Hodgson, K N Ward, A So, J A Garson, J Waxman, D Swirsky
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The low concentration of hepatitis C virus in the blood of infected patients has made it difficult to detect. Infected patients can now be identified by using more sensitive immunoassays and amplification of viral RNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Nevertheless, the virus remains difficult to eliminate. We present the case of a woman with a history of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and common variable immunodeficiency who developed chronic hepatitis.
Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Surgery
Authors: Sary F. Aranki, David P. Shaw, David H. Adams, Robert J. Rizzo, Gregory S. Couper, Martha VanderVliet, John J. Collins, Lawrence H. Cohn, Helen R. Burstin
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Its pathophysiology is unclear, and its prevention and management remain suboptimal. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the current incidence of AF, identify its clinical predictors, and examine its impact on resource utilization.Over a 12-month period ending July 31, 1994, a CABG procedure was performed on 570 consecutive patients (age range, 32 to 87 years; median age, 67 years; 232 [41%] were > or = 70 years; 175 [31%] were women; 173 [30%] were diabetics; 364 [65%] required nonelective surgery; 86 [15%] had had a prior CABG; and 86 [15%] had had prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). AF occurred in 189 patients (33%). The median age for patients with AF was 71 years compared with 66 for patients without (P = .0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, +/- 95% CI, P value) was used to identify the following independent predictors of postoperative AF: increasing age (age 70 to 80 years [OR = 2; CI, 1.3 to 3; P = .002], age > 80 years [OR = 3; CI, 1.6 to 5.8; P = .0007]), male gender (OR = 1.7; CI, 1.1 to 2.7; P = .01), hypertension (OR = 1.6; CI, 1.0 to 2.3; P = .03), need for an intraoperative intraaortic balloon pump (OR = 3.5; CI, 1.2 to 10.9; P = .03), postoperative pneumonia (OR = 3.9; CI, 1.3 to 11.5; P = .01), ventilation for > 24 hours (OR = 2; CI, 1.3 to 3.2; P = .003), and return to the intensive care unit (OR = 3.2; CI, 1.1 to 8.8; P = .03). The mean length of hospital stay after surgery was 15.3 +/- 28.6 days for patients with AF compared with 9.3 +/- 19.6 days for patients without AF (P = .001). The adjusted length of hospital stay attributable to AF was 4.9 days, corresponding to > or = $10 055 in hospital charges.AF remains the most common complication after CABG and consequently is a drain on hospital resources. Concerted efforts to reduce the incidence of AF and the associated increased length of stay would result in substantial cost saving and decrease patient morbidity.
The Doctor’s Potential for doing Harm
Authors: E.E. Rawlings
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Women who have symptoms which are considered to be related to psychological factors have a very high incidence of surgery inflicted upon them. In nearly 50% no disease could be demonstrated at operation, nevertheless 75% of these patients considered the operation had been successful. The basic fault lies in the fact that doctors are trained to stress the physical rather than the psychological aspects of disease.
Knee Stability and Knee Ligament Injuries
Authors: Alexander Kalenak
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Controversy exists on the relationship of knee ligament stability to knee injuries. Subjective evaluation of joint tightness or looseness has been proposed as a criterion for prescribing selective corrective strengthening or stretching exercises. Biomechanical studies of knee ligament stability were performed on 401 college football players from 1969 to 1971. Forty-three knee ligament injuries occurred during this period of time, 19 (44.2%) in "loose-jointed" players and 24 (55.8%) in "tight-jointed" players. Joint laxity tests were performed on 72 college football players; the distribution of college football players failing to perform each of the tests was quite different from that reported for professional football players. There was no relationship between the subjective joint laxity tests and the objective biomechanical tests of knee ligament stability. We conclude that it is not possible to predict knee injuries by subjective evaluations of joint laxity or by objective biomechanical knee ligament evaluations and that exercise programs based on subjective studies are therefore not sound. (<i>JAMA</i>234:1143-1145, 1975)
Modern Topics in Paediatric Dermatology
Authors: Andrew E. Lorincz
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book, devoted to pediatric dermatology, consists of 15 chapters authored by 20 contributors, predominantly academicians and dermatologists in the United Kingdom. The editor would have his book "be an easily readable text on numerous topics, both common and not so common. It is not intended to be a formal textbook of paediatric dermatology." None of the chapters is sufficiently comprehensive in knowledge or scope to offer substantial new data. Contributors, however, are permitted to display their current specific prejudices and points of view. As in all such multiauthored books, some of the chapters are noticeably better than others. Some achieve, in large part, the overall aim of the editor; in this category are those chapters on hair and nail disorders, vascular conditions, blistering disorders, the child and light, tropical dermatology, skin disorders in immunodeficiency, and psychosomatic aspects of skin disease. A major shortcoming of the weaker chapters is the
Who Will Care for the Alcoholic Patient?
Authors: DAVID S. CANTOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1977Who Will Care for the Alcoholic Patient?DAVID S. CANTOR, M.D.DAVID S. CANTOR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-362_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his editorial, "What is Alcoholism Research?" (Ann Intern Med85:821-823, 1976), Dr. Gordis states that treatment of alcoholism has not improved in any important way in 25 years, although alcoholism is becoming more prevalent. I wish to support this statement and other conclusions reached by Gordis with my own observations, looking at another facet of the problem. Unlike any other disease, there is no universal agreement among physicians who care for patients with alcoholic liver disease about the extent of the evaluation that they ought to give to establish a diagnosis. Probably management of no other... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 362-362KeywordsAlcoholic liver diseaseAlcoholicsAlcoholismLiver diseasesPatients Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases myocardial infarct size in rats.
Authors: B Q Zhu, Y P Sun, R E Sievers, S A Glantz, W W Parmley, C L Wolfe
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been epidemiologically linked to death from ischemic heart disease in nonsmokers. In this study, we evaluated the influence of 3 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks of ETS exposure on myocardial infarct size in a rat ischemia/reperfusion model. METHODS AND RESULTS Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to ETS (four Marlboro cigarettes per 15 minutes, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week) for 3 days (n = 24), 3 weeks (n = 21), or 6 weeks (n = 12) and control rats (n = 24, n = 21, and n = 12, respectively) were subjected to 35 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion. Infarct size and risk area were determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride and phthalocyanine blue staining, respectively. Air nicotine, carbon monoxide, and total particulates were measured during ETS exposure. Serum lipids, plasma carbon monoxide hemoglobin (COHb), nicotine, and cotinine concentrations were measured in additional groups (6 to 13 rats each) exposed to 3 days, 3 weeks, or 6 weeks of ETS and controls. Average air nicotine, carbon monoxide, and total particulate concentrations were 1103 micrograms/m3, 92 ppm, and 60 mg/m3 for the ETS-exposed rats. Infarct size (infarct mass/risk area x 100%) increased significantly in the ETS groups compared with the control groups in a dose-dependent manner (P = .023), with longer exposure associated with larger infarct size. Infarct size nearly doubled with 6 weeks of ETS exposure (61 +/- 5% versus 34 +/- 3% for control, mean +/- SEM). Plasma COHb, nicotine, and cotinine levels increased significantly in the ETS groups in a dose-dependent manner (all P &lt; .001). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to passive smoking increases myocardial infarct size in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion. This increase of infarct size exhibited a dose-response relation. These results are consistent with epidemiological studies demonstrating that ETS increases the risk of heart death.
Arginine-Initiated Release of Human Growth Hormone
Authors: T. J. Merimee, D. Rabinowitz, S. E. Fineberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

To improve the usefulness of testing pituitary function by the response of human growth hormone (HGH) to I.V. arginine loads, arginine infusions were given under a variety of conditions to healthy subjects aged 17 to 35. The minimum effective arginine load causing release of HGH was 1/6 gm per pound of body weight in men and 1/12 gm per pound of body weight in women. At each of three dosage schedules used, women responded with greater increases in plasma HGH than men. Treatment of men with diethylstilbestrol augmented their HGH response to arginine, whereas methyltestosterone pretreatment did not decrease the response in women. The HGH response to arginine was not abolished by acute hyperglycemia but was attenuated or delayed by a previous stimulus for HGH release. In the use of this test of pituitary function, it is necessary to use a proper dose of arginine, to avoid other stimuli of HGH release, and to pretreat men with estrogens.
Refractory adult onset Still's disease and hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors: are biological agents the solution?
Authors: E H J G Aarntzen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by periodic high fever, arthritis, and typical evanescent rashes. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the preferred treatment. In severe cases several disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, thalidomide, and intravenous immunoglobulin have been used. More recently, successful treatment with tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) blocking agents1,2 and interleukin (IL) 1 neutralisation3 has also been reported.

Hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, often characterised by urticaria, angio-oedema, and asthma, has been well documented, and several studies indicate that anaphylactic reactions are related to the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme4–6 and that selective COX-2 inhibitors can be safe in these patients. Here we report a case of AOSD complicated by coexisting hypersensitivity …
Effect on histamine responsiveness of reducing airway dimensions by altering posture.
Authors: Y T Wang, C I Coe, N B Pride
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Baseline airway geometry is thought to be an important determinant of the airway response to challenge; this geometry is altered by changing posture. The effect of changes in posture on airway calibre, midtidal lung volume, and the airway response to inhaled histamine was studied in eight healthy subjects (four female; mean (SD) age 29.8 (5.1) years, FEV1 3.54 (0.65) 1). Each subject was studied in both sitting and supine postures on two days; airway calibre was assessed by measuring total respiratory resistance (Rrs) at 6 Hz with a forced oscillation technique applied over 16 seconds of tidal breathing. Appropriate doses of histamine were selected by preliminary experiments and were always inhaled with the subject in the supine posture. Midtidal lung volume was larger in the sitting (2.9 (0.8) 1) than in the supine posture (2.4 (0.5) 1). Baseline Rrs was lower in the sitting than in the supine posture (2.03 (0.44) and 3.12 (0.76) cm H2O.1(-1).s*). The mean absolute increase in Rrs after the same dose of histamine was 1.22 cm H2O.1(-1).s in the sitting position (65.8% increase over baseline) and 1.39 cm H2O.1(-1).s (48.8% increase over baseline) in the supine position. The geometric mean provocation concentration of histamine causing a given percentage increase in Rrs was similar in the sitting (8.26 mg/ml) and supine (8.65 mg/ml) positions. Thus there was no significant increase in responsiveness after the reduction of airway dimensions and extra-airway distending forces that occurs in the supine posture.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria. Photoactivation of the complement system.
Authors: I Gigli, A A Schothorst, N A Soter, M A Pathak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The complement system was analysed in 14 asymptomatic patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. In the majority of the sera studied the levels of complement components C1, C4, C2, and C3 were within the normal range. Upon ultraviolet light (330--460 nm) irradiation of the serum samples in vitro, a marked decrease in total hemolytic activity accompanied by reduction of C1, C4, C2, and C3 levels was observed. The loss of total hemolytic activity can be directly correlated with the levels of protoporphyrin (PP) and similar changes can be obtained in normal serum upon addition of PP followedf by ultraviolet light irradiation. It is postulated that after irradiation the excited PP develops the capacity to activate the complement sequence with the production of cleavage products, which may contribute to the skin changes observed in these patients upon sun exposure.
Anorexia Nervosa: Treatment by Behavior Modification
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

An earlier editorial (220:852-853, 1972) recounted Stunkard's success in treating anorexia nervosa patients by positive reinforcement (granting a "reward" for progress, namely in this instance, weight gain). In the March issue of the<i>Archives of General Psychiatry</i>(30:279-286, 1974), in a series of single-case experiments, Agras et al restudied the influence of positive reinforcement and other variables on whether or not patients with anorexia nervosa gain weight. In each experiment, the patient first entered a base line period during which conditions were rather Spartan. Each day the patient was confined to her room except for three rigidly scheduled visits to the dayroom where she could talk with other patients and watch television. She was fed four large meals daily (1,500 calories each), was required to record the number of mouthfuls eaten at each meal, was given a card after each meal showing the number of calories consumed, and was weighed
The continuing rise in emergency admissions
Authors: S. Capewell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

improvised, often with great ingenuity, from simple explosives with crafty triggers, such as those made from slit bamboo and nails or metal foil.In the past decade, however, mass production of anti-personnel mines has lowered the unit price to only a few pounds sterling, and even the poorest nations or groups of insurgents can import tens of thousands each year.Over 1 10