tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conservative approach to the treatment of mixed mitral valve disease
Authors: J. R. Belcher
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Belcher, J. R. (1973)</b>. <i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 608-612. <b>Conservative approach to the treatment of mixed mitral valve disease</b>. One hundred patients with mixed mitral valve disease have been treated with the `stand-by9 bypass principle. In 59 the valve was replaced; in 41 a closed transventricular valvotomy was done. The results in the two groups have been compared. The operative mortality for valvotomy was 7%; for valve replacement 20%. Late death occurred in 14% after valvotomy; in 25% after replacement. `Good9 results were achieved in 49% after valvotomy; in 41% after replacement. Among the survivors 61% had `good9 results after valvotomy as against 75% after replacement. Late emboli occurred in one patient after valvotomy; in 11 after replacement. Methods for improved selection of patients for simple valvotomy are discussed.
Distribution of Complement regulators (CD46, CD55 and CD59) in skin appendages, and in benign and malignant skin neoplasms
Authors: K. SAYAMA, S. SHIRAISHI, Y. MIKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Summary Immunohistochemical studies were performed to establish the distribution of membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), decay-accelerating (DAF; CD55) and homologous restriction factor (HRF20; CD59), in normal skin appendages, and in benign and malignant skin neoplasms. At least two of these regulators were detected on normal eccrine glands, apocrine glands and sebaceous glands. They were also found in cellular naevi (CN), seborrhoeic keratoses (SK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Bowen's disease (BD), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Paget's disease (PD). Although there were slight differences in their distribution, these regulators were found in all the cells examined, indicating that they are essential factors in human skin as well as other organs, and in neoplasms, in preventing autologous complement attack.
Macrophage Infiltration Into Experimental Brain Metastases: Occurrence Through an Intact Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: G. Schackert, R. D. Simmons, T. M. Buzbee, D. A. Hume, I. J. Fidler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Macrophage Infiltration Into Experimental Brain Metastases: Occurrence Through an Intact Blood-Brain Barrier Get access Gabriele Schackert, Gabriele Schackert 3Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas-M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rex D. Simmons, Rex D. Simmons 4Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas M. Buzbee, Thomas M. Buzbee 4Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David A. Hume, David A. Hume 3Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas-M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Isaiah J. Fidler Isaiah J. Fidler * 3Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas-M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX. *Correspondence to: Dr. Isaiah J. Fidler, Department of Cell Biology (HMB 173), University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 13, 7 September 1988, Pages 1027–1034, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.13.1027 Published: 07 September 1988 Article history Received: 08 June 1988 Accepted: 20 June 1988 Published: 07 September 1988
Selective inhibition of COX-2 in humans is associated with less gastrointestinal injury: a comparison of nimesulide and naproxen
Authors: A A Shah, B Thjodleifsson, F E Murray, E Kay, M Barry, G Sigthorsson, H Gudjonsson, E Oddsson, A B Price, D J Fitzgerald, Ingvar Bjarnason
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 may provoke less gastric damage and platelet inhibition than conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. <h3>AIMS</h3> We compared the biochemical and gastrointestinal effects of nimesulide, a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor, with naproxen which exhibits no selectivity. <h3>SUBJECTS</h3> Thirty six healthy volunteers were randomised to nimesulide 100 mg or naproxen 500 mg twice daily for two weeks in a double blind, crossover study with a washout between treatments. <h3>METHODS</h3> Gastrointestinal side effects were assessed by endoscopy, and by estimation of small intestinal absorption-permeability and inflammation. Comparisons were made between variables at the end of each treatment phase. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Nimesulide caused significantly less gastric injury using the modified Lanza score (p&lt;0.001) as well as reduced duodenum injury (p=0.039). Nimesulide had lower visual analogue scores (VAS) for haemorrhage and erosive lesions in the stomach (p&lt;0.001) and for mucosal injection in the duodenum (p=0.039). Naproxen increased excretion of calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation (5.5 (1.2) to 12.1 (2.1) mg/l) while nimesulide had no effect (treatment difference p=0.03). Naproxen abolished platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid and suppressed serum thromboxane B<sub>2</sub> (TXB<sub>2</sub>) by 98%, indices of COX-1 activity. In contrast, nimesulide had no significant effect on platelet aggregation, although it reduced serum TXB<sub>2</sub> by 29%. Production of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> and prostacyclin by gastric biopsies, also COX-1 dependent, was inhibited by naproxen, but not by nimesulide. COX-2 activity, determined as endotoxin induced prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> formation in plasma, was markedly suppressed by both treatments. <h3>INTERPRETATION</h3> Nimesulide has preferential selectivity for COX-2 over COX-1 in vivo at full therapeutic doses and induces less gastrointestinal damage than that seen with naproxen in the short term.
Epidemiologic Relation between HIV and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in San Francisco County, California
Authors: J. Pekka Nuorti, Jay C. Butler, Lisa Gelling, Jacob L. Kool, Arthur L. Reingold, Duc J. Vugia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Patients with AIDS have a high incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, but no population-based data are available on secular trends or rates of this disease in specific demographic groups. Objective: To compare clinical characteristics, rates, and trends of pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected persons. Design: Population-based laboratory surveillance and chart review. Setting: All of the 13 microbiology laboratories in San Francisco County, California. Patients: Persons who had a sterile site culture that was positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae between October 1994 and June 1997. Measurements: Stratified incidence rates and adjusted rate ratios, serotyping of isolates, and comparison of secular trends and rates according to census tract by Poisson regression. Results: Persons infected with HIV accounted for 54.2% of 399 patients 18 to 64 years of age who had pneumococcal disease. The incidence of pneumococcal disease per 100 000 person-years was 35.0 cases overall and 802.9 cases in patients with AIDS. Compared with persons who were not known to be HIV-infected, the rate ratio for patients with AIDS was 46.0 (95% CI, 36.0 to 58.9); 55.2% of cases were attributable to HIV. In HIV-infected patients, 82.5% of isolates were serotypes that are included in the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The incidence of pneumococcal disease in black patients with AIDS (2384.6 cases per 100 000 person-years) was 5.4 times that in nonblack patients with AIDS. Rates by census tract were inversely associated with income (P < 0.001). During the study period, the incidence of pneumococcal disease decreased from 10.6 cases per 1000 person-years to 4.2 cases per 1000 person-years in patients with AIDS (P = 0.004, Poisson regression). Conclusions: In a community with a high prevalence of HIV infection, much of the burden of pneumococcal disease was attributable to AIDS. High incidence rates were seen in young adults and especially in black persons. Efforts to increase pneumococcal vaccination rates should target HIV-infected adults, particularly those living in poor urban areas.
Improved Acidosis Correction and Recovery of Mesothelial Cell Mass with Neutral-pH Bicarbonate Dialysis Solution among Children Undergoing Automated Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Susanne Haas, Claus Peter Schmitt, Klaus Arbeiter, Klaus-Eugen Bonzel, Michel Fischbach, Ulrike John, Anne-Kathrin Pieper, Thomas Patrick Schaub, Jutta Passlick-Deetjen, Otto Mehls, Franz Schaefer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

<b>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</b> Thromboembolic events are the most common complications of elective coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms. Administration of oral clopidogrel and/or aspirin could lower the thromboembolic complication rate. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</b> Records over a 10-year period were reviewed in a retrospective cohort study. For 369 consecutive elective coil embolization procedures, 25 patients received no antiplatelet drugs, 86 received antiplatelet drugs only after embolization, and 258 received antiplatelet drugs before and after embolization. <b>RESULTS:</b> Symptomatic thromboembolic complications (transient ischemic attack or stroke within 60 days) occurred in 4 (16%) of 25 when no antiplatelet drugs were given, in 2 (2.3%) of 86 when antiplatelet drugs were administered only after embolization, and in 5 (1.9%) of 258 when antiplatelet drugs were administered before and after embolization. The lower symptomatic thromboembolic complication rate in the patients who received any antiplatelet therapy was statistically significant (<i>P</i> = .004). Clots were visible intraprocedurally in 5 (4.5%) of 111 when no antiplatelet drugs were administered before procedures and in 4 (1.6%) of 258 when they were (<i>P</i> value not significant). None of the 9 was symptomatic postprocedurally, but 7 were lysed or mechanically disrupted. Extracerebral hemorrhagic complications occurred in 0 (0%) of 25 when no antiplatelet drugs were given and in 11 (3.2%) of 344 when they were (<i>P</i> value not significant). <b>CONCLUSION:</b> Oral clopidogrel and/or aspirin significantly lowered the symptomatic thromboembolic complication rate of elective coil embolization of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. There were trends toward a lower rate of intraprocedural clot formation in patients given antiplatelet drugs before procedures and a higher hemorrhagic complication rate in patients given antiplatelet drugs. Benefits of antiplatelet therapy appear to outweigh risks.
Short Communication: The Neuropeptide Substance P Mediates Adventitial Mast Cell Activation and Induces Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Advanced Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ilze Bot, Saskia C.A. de Jager, Martine Bot, Sandra H. van Heiningen, Paul de Groot, Roel W. Veldhuizen, Theo J.C. van Berkel, Jan H. von der Thüsen, Erik A.L. Biessen
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Although we and others have recently shown that mast cells play an important role in plaque progression and destabilization, the nature of the actual trigger for (peri)vascular mast cell activation during atherosclerosis is still unresolved.In this study, we confirm that perivascular mast cell content correlates with the number of nerve fibers in the adventitia of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque specimen. Because peripheral C-type nerve fibers secrete, among others, substance P, a potent mast cell activator, we set out to study effects of adventitial administration of this neuropeptide on mast cell dependent destabilization of carotid artery plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice.Substance P treatment significantly enhanced the number and activation status of adventitial mast cells compared to controls and promoted intraplaque hemorrhages. These phenomena could be prevented by coadministration of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist spantide I and did not occur in mast cell deficient apoE(-/-) mice, establishing the critical involvement of mast cells in substance P-elicited plaque destabilization.Our data suggest that neurotransmitters such as substance P are capable of promoting mast cell dependent plaque destabilization and provide a new, direct link between neural factors and vascular inflammation.
Prediction of survival in interstitial lung disease (ILD); role of DTPA lung clearance scans and lung function variables
Authors: Helen Jo, Robert Russo, Mark Pearson, Elizabeth Veitch, Matthew Peters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:  A variety of lung function, radiological and inflammatory markers are used to predict the clinical course of ILD. The perceived value of  99m Technetium-labelled diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) clearance as one of these has waxed and waned over 20 years or more. One deficit has been the lack of long term studies addressing the value of DTPA clearance in predicting overall survival.   Aim:  To determine whether DTPA lung clearance predicts survival in ILD independent of lung function.   Methods:  We analysed DTPA lung clearance scans performed in the assessment of ILD at Concord Hospital from Jan 2000 to Dec 2010. Normal clearance was t 1/2 >25 minutes with mono-exponential pattern. Overall survival for normal and abnormal groups was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression models.   Results:  227 DTPA scans were performed for initial assessment of ILD in the study period. 56% of subjects were male and the mean age at initial scan was 71 (13). Diagnoses were idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in 89(39%), unspecified ILD in 54(24%), connective tissue disease-related ILD in 37(16%) and ILD/COPD in 20(9%). In univariate analysis, rapid DTPA clearance, hazard ratios (HR; 95% CI) 1.88 (1.11 - 3.18), DLCO    Conclusions:  Although rapid DTPA clearance predicts poorer survival in patients being initially evaluated for ILD, the predictive value of DTPA is embedded in DLCO.
Prolonged monitoring of the upper gastrointestinal tract using echo planar magnetic resonance imaging.
Authors: D F Evans, G Lamont, M K Stehling, A M Blamire, P Gibbs, R Coxon, J D Hardcastle, P Mansfield
Journal: Gut (1993)

Upper gastrointestinal motility and transit has been studied in five human volunteers with the ultra high speed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique MBEST (Modulus Blipped Echo-planar Single pulse Technique), a variant of echo planar imaging. Snapshot images requiring a data acquisition time of only 64-128 msec allowed visualisation of peristalsis in the antrum and duodenum in real time, without motional image degradation, as would normally be seen using conventional MRI. Gastroduodenal flow of the luminal contents was visualised using water as a contrast medium, with appropriate adjustment of the time constant (T2) weighting of the system. Rapid (0.3 Hz) imaging of gastroduodenal motility in both transverse and coronal planes was achieved by respiratory gating to the imaging frequency, allowing repetition rates of up to 20 frames per minute for 2-3 hours. Fast replay of stored images, to produce a 9movie loop9, allowed identification of fasting motility patterns of the gastric antrum and proximal small intestine, with depiction of the phases of the migrating motor complex. Images of the fed patterns after the ingestion of a test meal showed good separation of solid and liquid particulate matter and mixing waves in the gastric body. The potential for quantitative measurements with this new imaging modality of the gastrointestinal tract is under development, which will allow us to measure transit and correlate this with motility data.
Downfall of Iniparib: A PARP Inhibitor That Doesn't Inhibit PARP After All
Authors: G. Sinha
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

At the 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting, the now defunct investigational drug iniparib featured prominently. Preliminary data from a study of 123 women with triplenegative breast cancer suggested that adding iniparib to gemcitabine and carboplatin extended progression-free survival from a median of 3.6 to 5.9 months and prolonged overall survival from 7.7 to 12.3 months. The drug caused few or no toxic effects. “The buzz was huge,” said Lisa Carey, MD, medical director of the University of North Carolina Breast Center in Chapel Hill. “It was the win–win of targeted therapies,” she added. At that point, iniparib was the only targeted therapy that had been tested in triple-negative breast cancer and for which randomized data existed. The results proved overly optimistic. In 2011, less than 1 month after the complete phase II study was published (N. Engl. J. Med. 2011;364:205–14), iniparib sponsor Sanofi announced that the drug failed in an expanded phase III study. Although iniparib did extend median progression-free survival by 1 month and median overall survival by about 2.5 months, the results were not statistically significant. In June 2013, Sanofi dropped the drug after it failed in a phase III trial of patients with squamous non–small-cell lung cancer and a phase II trial in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. What went wrong? A few months after that article appeared, Antonio Fojo, MD, PhD, and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute suggested in a commentary (J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1738–40) that the clinical trial design, which allowed the placebo arm to cross over and receive iniparib after their disease had progressed, may have biased the overall survival data in favor of iniparib. This would have happened because after the disease had progressed, the two groups’ treatment would have differed. Patients taking iniparib would have left the trial and presumably sought other treatments. Meanwhile, patients in the control arm were offered iniparib—which was thought to enhance the activity of the gemcitabine–carboplatin combination therapy. But these patients’ cancers had already grown resistant to the two drugs; iniparib was unlikely to have any effect. Patients who sought other treatments, however, were more likely to improve. “It was a poorly designed trial,” Fojo said. “It gave apparent advantage to the drug, which was not inherent to the drug but fell out of the trial design.” Although such crossover trial designs are well intentioned and necessary, Fojo added, they can seriously affect outcomes, especially when the experimental drug has little or no intrinsic activity and is being used primarily to modulate the efficacy of other drugs, he said.
Enhanced Sonographic Imaging to Diagnose Lymph Node Metastasis: Importance of Blood Vessel Volume and Density
Authors: Li Li, Shiro Mori, Mizuho Kodama, Maya Sakamoto, Shoki Takahashi, Tetsuya Kodama
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Lymph node size is an important variable in ultrasound diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. However, the size criterion often leads to oversight of tumor-positive lymph nodes within the range of "normal" size, such that more accurate diagnostic criteria for lymph node metastasis are required. In this study, we show how diagnosis of lymph node metastasis can be improved by evaluating changes in blood vessel volume and density using a novel contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound (CE-HFUS) system with Sonazoid. An MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mouse model of lymph node metastasis was used in which lymph nodes are similar in size to humans. Metastasis via lymphatic vessels to proper axillary lymph nodes (proper ALN) was induced by injection of tumor cells into the subiliac lymph nodes. Within 21 days of injection, significant increases in blood vessel volume and density, but no increases in the size of the proper ALNs, were observed. The increase in blood vessel density was confirmed with immunohistochemical analysis and was positively related to tumor cell proliferation as measured using bioluminescence imaging. Together, our results showed that alterations in blood vessel volume and density precede alterations in lymph node size in the early stages of lymph node metastasis. Detection of these changes by ultrasonography may offer new criteria for early diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.
Short-term glucocorticoid intake combined with intense training on performance and hormonal responses
Authors: K Collomp, A Arlettaz, H Portier, A-M Lecoq, B Le Panse, N Rieth, J De Ceaurriz
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objective: To investigate the effects of short-term prednisolone ingestion combined with intense training on exercise performance, hormonal (adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, luteinising hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone, insulin) and metabolic parameters (blood glucose, lactate, bicarbonate, pH). Methods: Eight male recreational athletes completed four cycling trials at 70–75% peak O 2 consumption until exhaustion just before (1) and after (2) either oral placebo or prednisolone (60 mg/day for 1 week) treatment coupled with standardised physical training (2 hours/day), according to a double-blind and randomised protocol. Blood samples were collected at rest, during exercise and passive recovery for the hormonal and metabolic determinations. Results: Time of cycling was not significantly changed after placebo but significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) after prednisolone administration (50.4 (6.2) min for placebo 1, 64.0 (9.1) min for placebo 2, 56.1 (9.1) min for prednisolone 1 and 107.0 (20.7) min for prednisolone 2). There was no significant difference in any measured parameters after the week of training with placebo but a decrease in ACTH, DHEA, PRL, GH, TSH and testosterone was seen with prednisolone treatment during the experiment (p&lt;0.05). No significant change in basal, exercise or recovery LH, insulin, lactate, pH or bicarbonate was found between the two treatment, but blood glucose was significantly higher under prednisolone (p&lt;0.05) at all time points. Conclusion: Short-term glucocorticoid administration induced a marked improvement in endurance performance. Further studies are needed to determine whether these results obtained in recreational male athletes maintaining a rigorous training schedule are gender-dependent and applicable to elite athletes.