tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Risk of Myocardial Infarction Associated With Antihypertensive Drug Therapies
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Susan R. Heckbert, Thomas D. Koepsell, David S. Siscovick, Trivellore E. Raghunathan, Noel S. Weiss, Frits R. Rosendaal, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Nicholas L. Smith, Patricia W. Wahl, Edward H. Wagner, Curt D. Furberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess the association between first myocardial infarction and the use of antihypertensive agents.We conducted a population-based case-control study among enrollees of the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (GHC).Cases were hypertensive patients who sustained a first fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction from 1986 through 1993 among women and from 1989 through 1993 among men. Controls were a stratified random sample of hypertensive GHC enrollees, frequency matched to the cases on age, sex, and calendar year. All 623 cases and 2032 controls had pharmacologically treated hypertension. Data collection included a review of the ambulatory medical record a brief telephone interview of consenting survivors. Antihypertensive therapy was assessed using the GHC's computerized pharmacy database.The first analysis included only the 335 cases and 1395 controls initially free of cardiovascular disease. Compared with users of diuretics alone, the adjusted risk ratio of myocardial infarction was increased by about 60% among users of calcium channel blockers with or without diuretic (risk ratio = 1.62%; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.11 to 2.34; P = .01). The second analysis was restricted to 384 cases and 1108 controls who were taking either a calcium channel blocker or a beta-blocker. Among these subjects, the use of calcium channel blockers compared with beta-blockers was associated with about a 60% increase in the adjusted risk of myocardial infarction (risk ratio = 1.57; 95% Cl, 1.21 to 2.04; P < .001). While high doses of beta-blockers were associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction (trend P = .04), high doses of calcium channel blockers were associated with an increased risk (trend P < .01).In this study of hypertensive patients, the use of short-acting calcium channel blockers, especially in high doses, was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Ongoing large-scale clinical trials will assess the effect of various antihypertensive therapies, including calcium channel blockers, on several important cardiovascular end points. Until these results are available, the findings of this study support the current guidelines from the Joint National Committee on the Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure that recommend diuretics and beta-blockers as first-line agents unless contraindicated, unacceptable, or not tolerated.
Paraganglioma syndrome type 1 in a patient with Carney–Stratakis syndrome
Authors: Montserrat Ayala-Ramirez, Glenda G. Callender, Michael E. Kupferman, Thereasa A. Rich, Hubert H. Chuang, Jonathan Trent, Nancy D. Perrier, Mahmoud Goodarzi, Camilo Jimenez
Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2010)
Glucose-Insulin-Potassium and Tri-Iodothyronine Individually Improve Hemodynamic Performance and Are Associated With Reduced Troponin I Release After On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Aaron M. Ranasinghe, David W. Quinn, Domenico Pagano, Nicola Edwards, Muzzafar Faroqui, Timothy R. Graham, Bruce E. Keogh, Jorge Mascaro, David W. Riddington, Stephen J. Rooney, John N. Townend, Ian C. Wilson, Robert S. Bonser
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Both glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) may improve cardiovascular performance after coronary artery surgery (CABG) but their effects have not been directly compared and the effects of combined treatment are unknown.In 2 consecutive randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials, in patients undergoing first time isolated on-pump CABG between January 2000 and September 2004, 440 patients were recruited and randomized to either placebo (5% dextrose) (n=160), GIK (40% dextrose, K+ 100 mmol.L(-1), insulin 70 u.L(-1)) (0.75 mL.kg(-1) h(-1)) (n=157), T3 (0.8 microg.kg(-1) followed by 0.113 microg.kg(-1) h(-1)) (n=63) or GIK+T3 (n=60). GIK/placebo therapy was administered from start of operation until 6 hours after removal of aortic cross-clamp (AXC) and T3/placebo was administered for a 6-hour period from removal of AXC. Serial hemodynamic measurements were taken up to 12 hours after removal of AXC and troponin I (cTnI) levels were assayed to 72 hours. Cardiac index (CI) was significantly increased in both the GIK and GIK/T3 group in the first 6 hours compared with placebo (P<0.001 for both) and T3 therapy (P=0.009 and 0.029, respectively). T3 therapy increased CI versus placebo between 6 and 12 hours after AXC removal (P=0.01) but combination therapy did not. Release of cTnI was lower in all treatment groups at 6 and 12 hours after removal of AXC.Treatment with GIK, T3, and GIK/T3 improves hemodynamic performance and results in reduced cTnI release in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery. Combination therapy does not provide added hemodynamic effect.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations and Death Due to Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: The Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study”
Authors: Hiroyuki Noda, Hiroyasu Iso, Fujiko Irie, Yoko Izumi, Mikio Doi, Toshimi Sairenchi, Emiko Ohtaka, Hitoshi Ohta
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Serum Interleukin-6, Insulin, and HOMA-IR in Male Individuals with Colorectal Adenoma
Authors: Yu Sasaki, Hiroaki Takeda, Takeshi Sato, Tomohiko Orii, Shoichi Nishise, Ko Nagino, Daisuke Iwano, Takao Yaoita, Kazuya Yoshizawa, Hideki Saito, Yasuhisa Tanaka, Sumio Kawata
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

It is widely acknowledged that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a key role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The level of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), one of the major proinflammatory adipokines, is correlated with obesity and insulin resistance, which are known to be risk factors for colorectal adenoma. We examined the association between the circulating level of IL-6 and the presence of colorectal adenoma.In a total colonoscopy-based cross-sectional study conducted between January and December 2008, serum levels of IL-6 were measured in samples of venous blood obtained from 336 male participants attending health checkups (118 individuals with colorectal adenoma and 218 age-matched controls) after an overnight fast.In the colorectal adenoma group, the median levels of serum IL-6 (1.24 vs. 1.04 pg/mL; P = 0.01), triglyceride, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were to be significantly higher than those in the control group. When restricted to individuals with adenoma, levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with body mass index, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Multiple logistic analyses adjusted to include insulin or HOMA-IR showed that high levels of IL-6 were associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma. There was no significant interaction of IL-6 with HOMA-IR to modify this association.Our findings suggest that increased serum levels of IL-6 are positively associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma in men, independently of insulin and HOMA-IR.
Endothelium-Neutrophil Interactions in ANCA-Associated Diseases
Authors: Lise Halbwachs, Philippe Lesavre
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

The two salient features of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) are the restricted microvessel localization and the mechanism of inflammatory damage, independent of vascular immune deposits. The microvessel localization of the disease is due to the ANCA antigen accessibility, which is restricted to the membrane of neutrophils engaged in β2-integrin–mediated adhesion, while these antigens are cytoplasmic and inaccessible in resting neutrophils. The inflammatory vascular damage is the consequence of maximal proinflammatory responses of neutrophils, which face cumulative stimulations by TNF-α, β2-integrin engagement, C5a, and ANCA by the FcγRII receptor. This results in the premature intravascular explosive release by adherent neutrophils of all of their available weapons, normally designed to kill IgG-opsonized bacteria after migration in infected tissues.
Estimated Neuronal Populations and Volumes of the Hippocampus and Its Subfields in Schizophrenia
Authors: Mary A. Walker, J. Robin Highley, Margaret M. Esiri, Brendan McDonald, Helen C. Roberts, Suzanne P. Evans, Timothy J. Crow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that the primary focus of the pathological process in schizophrenia is on the limbic system, and there have been several postmortem reports of changes in the histological structure or volume of the hippocampus, as well as a larger number of MRI reports of volume reductions. There are conflicting findings, however, with both techniques. METHOD: The authors conducted a study of the gross and subfield structure and cellular composition of the hippocampus in postmortem brains from 30 patients with DSM-IV-diagnosed schizophrenia (13 women, 17 men) and 29 comparison subjects with no psychopathology (14 women, 15 men). Stereological sampling procedures were applied to 25-μm-thick coronal paraffin sections taken at 5-mm intervals throughout the formalin-fixed hippocampus. Subfields were defined as the dentate fascia, the hilus (CA4), an amalgamation of the CA2 and CA3 subfields, the CA1 subfield, and the subiculum. Volumes, cell densities, and cell numbers of the subfields were assessed microscopically, and the volume of the hippocampus was estimated from both photographs and histological slides of the coronal slices. RESULTS: As assessed from histologically stained slides, the volumes of the hippocampus and its subfields did not differ between patients and comparison subjects. Left-sided reduction in hippocampal volumes estimated from photographs, which may have included parahippocampal tissue, was not confirmed on histological examination. No significant differences were observed between patients and comparison subjects in the cellular composition of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: These findings do not support a primary alteration of the hippocampus in schizophrenia.
Pyuria in infancy, and the role of suprapubic aspiration of urine in diagnosis of infection of urinary tract.
Authors: C. G. Newman, P. O'Neill, A. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Intra-arterial infusion of alcohol produced a decrease in skin blood-flow, so that the vasodilator effect of oral alcohol is not a direct one.Alcohol decreases muscle blood-flow.
Clinical Implications of QRS Duration in Patients Hospitalized With Worsening Heart Failure and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Norman C. Wang
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Hospitalization for heart failure is associated with high postdischarge mortality and morbidity. The predictive value of the QRS duration during admission for heart failure has not been well studied.To investigate the predictive value of the QRS duration in patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Retrospective, post hoc analysis from the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study With Tolvaptan (EVEREST), an event-driven, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients hospitalized for heart failure and having an LVEF of 40% or less. A total of 4133 patients were enrolled at 359 North American, South American, and European sites between October 7, 2003, and February 3, 2006. After excluding 1029 patients with a pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, or both at enrollment and 142 patients without a reported baseline QRS duration, 2962 patients were included in the analysis: 1641 had a normal QRS duration (< 120 ms) and 1321 had a prolonged QRS duration (> or = 120 ms).Dual primary end points were all-cause mortality and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure.During a median follow-up of 9.9 months, all-cause mortality was 18.7% for patients with a normal baseline QRS duration and 28.1% for patients with a prolonged baseline QRS duration (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-1.87). The composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure was 32.4% for patients with a baseline QRS duration less than 120 ms and 41.6% for patients with a baseline QRS duration of 120 ms or greater (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.24-1.58). The increased risk associated with prolonged QRS duration was confirmed after adjusting for multiple variables for all-cause mortality (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.50) and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10-1.49). Only 105 patients (3.6%) who presented with a prolonged baseline QRS duration had a normal QRS duration on their last inpatient electrocardiogram.A prolonged QRS duration appears common in patients with reduced LVEF who are hospitalized for heart failure and is an independent predictor of high postdischarge morbidity and mortality.
Complex karyotype newly defined: the strongest prognostic factor in advanced childhood myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Gudrun Göhring, Kyra Michalova, H. Berna Beverloo, David Betts, Jochen Harbott, Oskar A. Haas, Gitte Kerndrup, Laura Sainati, Eva Bergstraesser, Henrik Hasle, Jan Starý, Monika Trebo, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Marco Zecca, Elisabeth R. van Wering, Alexandra Fischer, Peter Noellke, Brigitte Strahm, Franco Locatelli, Charlotte M. Niemeyer, Brigitte Schlegelberger
Journal: Blood (2010)
Islet Transplantation as a Treatment for Diabetes — A Work in Progress
Authors: R. Paul Robertson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Although pancreas transplantation is increasingly being performed in an effort to provide type 1 diabetic patients with the possibility of an insulin-injection–free existence, islet transplantation is potentially less invasive. This review discusses pancreatic islet-cell transplantation as an evolving procedure.
P28. Efficient CD19-positive leukaemia cell lysis mediated by a T cell-recruiting triple body a[19-3-19]
Authors: CC Roskopf, TA Braciak, C Schiller, S Wildenhain, N Fenn, U Jacob, GH Fey, KP Hopfner, FS Oduncu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The design of antibody derivatives with higher tumour cell selectivity is hoped to improve cancer immunotherapy and to decrease side effects. One promising molecular format that we have developed is the triple body. A triple body allows for selective lysis based on its 'dual
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of the timing of tracheostomy in adult patients undergoing artificial ventilation
Authors: John Griffiths, Vicki S Barber, Lesley Morgan, J Duncan Young
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare outcomes in critically ill patients undergoing artificial ventilation who received a tracheostomy early or late in their treatment. <b>Data sources</b> The Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, the National Research Register, the NHS Trusts Clinical Trials Register, the Medical Research Council UK database, the NHS Research and Development Health Technology Assessment Programme, the British Heart Foundation database, citation review of relevant primary and review articles, and expert informants. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled studies that compared early tracheostomy with either late tracheostomy or prolonged endotracheal intubation. From 15 950 articles screened, 12 were identified as “randomised or quasi-randomised” controlled trials, and five were included for data extraction. <b>Data extraction</b> Five studies with 406 participants were analysed. Descriptive and outcome data were extracted. The main outcome measure was mortality in hospital. The incidence of hospital acquired pneumonia, length of stay in a critical care unit, and duration of artificial ventilation were also recorded. Random effects meta-analyses were performed. <b>Results</b> Early tracheostomy did not significantly alter mortality (relative risk 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 1.39). The risk of pneumonia was also unaltered by the timing of tracheostomy (0.90, 0.66 to 1.21). Early tracheostomy significantly reduced duration of artificial ventilation (weighted mean difference –8.5 days, 95% confidence interval –15.3 to –1.7) and length of stay in intensive care (–15.3 days, –24.6 to –6.1). <b>Conclusions</b> In critically ill adult patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation, performing a tracheostomy at an earlier stage than is currently practised may shorten the duration of artificial ventilation and length of stay in intensive care.
Validation of teleauscultation on an internet-based system
Authors: Gabriele Fragasso, Altin Palloshi, Marialuisa De Benedictis, Marco Moltrasio, Mauro Carlino, Angelo Marchisi, Alberto Cappelletti, Maria Grazia Pala, Ottavio Alfieri, Alberto Margonato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The effect of CCR2 inhibitor CCX140-B on residual albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: a randomised trial
Authors: Dick de Zeeuw, Pirow Bekker, Elena Henkel, Christopher Hasslacher, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Heidrun Mehling, Antonia Potarca, Vladimir Tesar, Hiddo J Lambers Heerspink, Thomas J Schall
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2015)
Cancer Risk Estimates for BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identified in a Risk Evaluation Program
Authors: M. S. Brose
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Increasing numbers of BRCA1 mutation carriers are being identified in cancer risk evaluation programs. However, no estimates of cancer risk specific to a clinic-based population of mutation carriers are available. These data are clinically relevant, because estimates based on families ascertained for linkage studies may overestimate cancer risk in mutation carriers, and population-based series may underestimate it. Wide variation in risk estimates from these disparate ascertainment groups makes counseling in risk evaluation programs difficult. The purpose of this study was to estimate BRCA1-related cancer risks for individuals ascertained in a breast cancer risk evaluation clinic.Cumulative observed and age-adjusted cancer risk estimates were determined by analyzing 483 BRCA1 mutation carriers in 147 families identified in two academic breast and ovarian cancer risk evaluation clinics. Cancer risks were computed from the proportion of individuals diagnosed with cancer during a 10-year age interval from among the total number of individuals alive and cancer-free at the beginning of that interval. Age-of-diagnosis comparisons were made using two-sided Student's t tests.By age 70, female breast cancer risk was 72.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 67.9% to 77.7%) and ovarian cancer risk was 40.7% (95% CI = 35.7% to 45.6%). The risk for a second primary breast cancer by age 70 was 40.5% (95% CI = 34.1% to 47.0%). We also identified an increased risk of cancer of the colon (twofold), pancreas (threefold), stomach (fourfold), and fallopian tube (120-fold) in BRCA1 mutation carriers as compared with Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program population-based estimates.The estimates for breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers is higher than population-based estimates but lower than estimates based on families ascertained for linkage studies. These cancer risk estimates may most closely approximate those faced by BRCA1 mutation carriers identified in risk evaluation clinics.
A winking anus may signify spinal injury
Authors: A J MALOUF, M A KAMM
Journal: Gut (2001)

Case report— A 41 year old woman was referred for assessment of worsening bladder and bowel dysfunction. At the age of 17 years she had suffered a traumatic fracture-subluxation of T12–L1 following a trampoline accident in which she fell heavily on to her back. She immediately lost sensation below the waist but this returned over several days. Following eight weeks of bed rest she gradually regained the ability to walk. She subsequently had no neurological deficit in her legs.

Since the accident she had experienced bladder and bowel dysfunction. She experienced urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, and episodes of spontaneous bladder emptying without warning. There had been no stress incontinence. Urodynamic studies showed a small capacity bladder of 257 ml but good voiding and minimal residual volume (30 ml). She did however have marked urgency at 150 ml.

From a gastrointestinal point of view, she developed constipation …
Angiogenic Cytokines Are Antibody Targets During Graft-versus-Leukemia Reactions
Authors: Matthias Piesche, Vincent T. Ho, Haesook Kim, Yukoh Nakazaki, Michael Nehil, Nasser K. Yaghi, Dmitriy Kolodin, Jeremy Weiser, Peter Altevogt, Helena Kiefel, Edwin P. Alyea, Joseph H. Antin, Corey Cutler, John Koreth, Christine Canning, Jerome Ritz, Robert J. Soiffer, Glenn Dranoff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: The graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) reaction is an important example of immune-mediated tumor destruction. A coordinated humoral and cellular response accomplishes leukemia cell killing, but the specific targets remain largely uncharacterized. To learn more about the antigens that elicit antibodies during GVL reactions, we analyzed patients with advanced myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who received an autologous, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–secreting tumor cell vaccine early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Experimental Design: A combination of tumor-derived cDNA expression library screening, protein microarrays, and antigen-specific ELISAs were used to characterize sera obtained longitudinally from 15 patients with AML/MDS who were vaccinated early after allogeneic HSCT. Results: A broad, therapy-induced antibody response was uncovered, which primarily targeted intracellular proteins that function in growth, transcription/translation, metabolism, and homeostasis. Unexpectedly, antibodies were also elicited against eight secreted angiogenic cytokines that play critical roles in leukemogenesis. Antibodies to the angiogenic cytokines were evident early after therapy, and in some patients manifested a diversification in reactivity over time. Patients that developed antibodies to multiple angiogenic cytokines showed prolonged remission and survival. Conclusions: These results reveal a potent humoral response during GVL reactions induced with vaccination early after allogeneic HSCT and raise the possibility that antibodies, in conjunction with natural killer cells and T lymphocytes, may contribute to immune-mediated control of myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1010–8. ©2014 AACR.
All-oral daclatasvir plus asunaprevir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1b: a multinational, phase 3, multicohort study
Authors: Michael Manns, Stanislas Pol, Ira M Jacobson, Patrick Marcellin, Stuart C Gordon, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Ting-Tsung Chang, Gregory T Everson, Jeong Heo, Guido Gerken, Boris Yoffe, William J Towner, Marc Bourliere, Sophie Metivier, Chi-Jen Chu, William Sievert, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Dominique Thabut, Youn-Jae Lee, Jia-Horng Kao, Fiona McPhee, Justin Kopit, Patricia Mendez, Misti Linaberry, Eric Hughes, Stephanie Noviello
Journal: The Lancet (2014)