tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer—Reply
Authors: Eleni Linos, Charles Seth Landefeld, Mary Margaret Chren
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans, Version 1.2014
Authors: Christopher K. Bichakjian, Thomas Olencki, Murad Alam, James S. Andersen, Daniel Berg, Glen M. Bowen, Richard T. Cheney, Gregory A. Daniels, L. Frank Glass, Roy C. Grekin, Kenneth Grossman, Alan L. Ho, Karl D. Lewis, Daniel D. Lydiatt, William H. Morrison, Kishwer S. Nehal, Kelly C. Nelson, Paul Nghiem, Clifford S. Perlis, Ashok R. Shaha, Wade L. Thorstad, Malika Tuli, Marshall M. Urist, Timothy S. Wang, Andrew E. Werchniak, Sandra L. Wong, John A. Zic, Nicole McMillian, Karin Hoffman, Maria Ho
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor characterized by a relatively high risk of local recurrence and low risk of metastasis. The NCCN Guidelines for DFSP provide multidisciplinary recommendations on the management of patients with this rare disease. These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight the addition of the Principles of Pathology section, which provides recommendations on the pathologic assessment of DFSP. Because DFSP can mimic other lesions, immunohistochemical studies are often required to establish diagnosis. Cytogenetic testing for the characteristic translocation t(17;22)(q22;q13) can also be valuable in the differential diagnosis of DFSP with other histologically similar tumors.
Oocyte maturation and embryonic failure
Authors: R. Moor
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

Embryonic development is readily compromised by imperfections introduced during the process of oocyte maturation. We discuss the nature and causes of these imperfections, particularly in oocytes exposed to inappropriate hormonal regimes in vivo or to culture systems designed to induce the maturation of oocytes in vitro. The acquisition of developmental competence involves the synthesis and storage of a wide range of molecules during oocyte growth followed by the reprogramming and ordered utilization of these stored products during maturation, fertilization and early embryogenesis. The regulatory signals for these molecular changes are produced by the follicle cells in response to circulating levels of gonadotrophins; we report that some ovarian stimulation protocols distort these signals thereby disrupting molecular reprogramming of the oocyte and reducing subsequent developmental competence. The aspiration of immature oocytes from antral follicles followed by their maturation in vitro is a potential alternative to hormonal stimulation of patients in IVF treatment. Although relatively successful in a variety of animals, the production of fully viable human embryos by in-vitro maturation is still unsatisfactory despite the use of a wide variety of culture protocols. Our data suggests that the key to maturation and embryo viability in vitro resides in the follicle cell compartment rather than the oocyte. Because of rapid luteinization changes, follicle cells in culture probably fail to provide the maturing oocyte with the necessary ordered set of instructive signals and nutrients needed for the acquisition of developmental competence. Although much remains to be discovered about the nature, concentration and transmission of signals, nevertheless it is already clear that different steroids, matrix metalloproteinases and growth factors are involved in conferring viability on the maturing oocyte. Major improvements in the yield of viable embryos from in-vitro matured oocytes can be anticipated from a systematic analysis of somatic signals from the pre-ovulatory follicle.
Physiological β Cell Death Triggers Priming of Self-reactive T Cells by Dendritic Cells in a Type-1 Diabetes Model
Authors: Shannon Turley, Laurent Poirot, Masakazu Hattori, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

The prelude to type-1 diabetes is leukocyte infiltration into the pancreatic islets, or insulitis. This process begins in pancreatic lymph nodes when T lymphocytes reactive to islet β cells encounter antigen-presenting cells (APCs) displaying peptides derived from β cell proteins. We show here that a ripple of physiological β cell death, which occurs at 2 wk of age in all mouse strains, precipitates the arrival of such APCs, and that the relevant APC is a dendritic cell of CD11c+CD11b+CD8α− phenotype. These findings have significant implications concerning the nature of the diabetes-provoking deficits in NOD mice, the identity of the primordial diabetogenic antigens, and our understanding of the balance between immunity and tolerance in a pathological context.
HLA Has Strongest Association with IgA Nephropathy in Genome-Wide Analysis
Authors: John Feehally, Martin Farrall, Anne Boland, Daniel P. Gale, Ivo Gut, Simon Heath, Ashish Kumar, John F. Peden, Patrick H. Maxwell, David L. Morris, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Timothy J. Vyse, Anna Zawadzka, Andrew J. Rees, Mark Lathrop, Peter J. Ratcliffe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Demographic and family studies support the existence of a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, but results from genetic association studies of candidate genes are inconsistent. To systematically survey common genetic variation in this disease, we performed a genome-wide analysis in a cohort of patients with IgA nephropathy selected from the UK Glomerulonephritis DNA Bank. We used two groups of controls: parents of affected individuals and previously genotyped, unaffected, ancestry-matched individuals from the 1958 British Birth Cohort and the UK Blood Service. We genotyped 914 affected or family controls for 318,127 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Filtering for low genotype call rates and inferred non-European ancestry left 533 genotyped individuals (187 affected children) for the family-based association analysis and 244 cases and 4980 controls for the case-control analysis. A total of 286,200 SNPs with call rates >95% were available for analysis. Genome-wide analysis showed a strong signal of association on chromosome 6p in the region of the MHC (P = 1 × 10(-9)). The two most strongly associated SNPs showed consistent association in both family-based and case-control analyses. HLA imputation analysis showed that the strongest association signal arose from a combination of DQ loci with some support for an independent HLA-B signal. These results suggest that the HLA region contains the strongest common susceptibility alleles that predispose to IgA nephropathy in the European population.
The effects of farming and birth order on asthma and allergies
Authors: C. Zekveld, I. Bibakis, V. Bibaki-Liakou, A. Pedioti, I. Dimitroulis, J. Harris, A. J. Newman Taylor, P. Cullinan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

A farm childhood is apparently protective in allergic disease, but studies of this issue in Europe have been confined to particular types of farming practice. This study addressed whether or not this effect was generalisable. A cross-sectional survey of 800 schoolchildren living in rural Crete was undertaken. Standard questions relating to allergic disease were included and atopy was measured through skin-prick tests involving 10 local aeroallergens. The prevalence of atopy was 24%, but associated symptoms were far less common. At all ages, children from farming families had more frequent contact with farm animals (mainly goats), but were no less likely to be atopic. Atopy and seasonal rhinitis were significantly and independently more common among first-born children. This community has an intermediate prevalence of atopy but a very low frequency of allergic disease; farming does not seem to be an important determinant, possibly because it is of the wrong sort. Thus farming effects may be specific to local practices. First-born children in this community also appear to be at increased risk of allergic disease.
Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and quality of the home environment: effects on psychodevelopment in early childhood
Authors: Jens Walkowiak, Jörg-A Wiener, Annemarie Fastabend, Birger Heinzow, Ursula Krämer, Eberhard Schmidt, Hans-J Steingrüber, Sabine Wundram, Gerhard Winneke
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Sources of Drug Coverage among Medicare Beneficiaries with ESRD
Authors: Benjamin L. Howell, Christopher A. Powers, Eric D. Weinhandl, Wendy L. St. Peter, Diane L. Frankenfield
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Despite extensive use of prescription medications in ESRD, relatively little is known about the participation of Medicare ESRD beneficiaries in the Part D program. Here, we quantitated the sources of drug coverage among ESRD beneficiaries and explored the Part D plan preferences of ESRD beneficiaries with regard to deductibles, coverage gaps, and monthly premiums. We obtained data on beneficiary sources of creditable coverage, characteristics of Part D plans, demographics, and residence from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Chronic Condition Data Warehouse and identified beneficiaries with ESRD from the US Renal Data System. We found that a substantial proportion (17.0%) of ESRD beneficiaries lacked a known source of creditable drug coverage in 2007 and 64.3% were enrolled in Part D. Of those enrolled, 72% received the Medicare Part D low-income subsidy. ESRD beneficiaries who enrolled in standalone Part D plans without the assistance of the low-income subsidy tended to prefer more comprehensive coverage options. In conclusion, more outreach is needed to ensure that beneficiaries who lack coverage obtain the coverage they need and that ESRD beneficiaries join the best plans for managing their disease and accompanying comorbid conditions.
Surveillance Computed Tomography Imaging and Detection of Relapse in Intermediate- and Advanced-Stage Pediatric Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Stephan D. Voss, Lu Chen, Louis S. Constine, Allen Chauvenet, Thomas J. Fitzgerald, Sue C. Kaste, Thomas Slovis, Cindy L. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

PURPOSE Children with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) routinely undergo surveillance computed tomography (CT) imaging for up to 5 years after therapy, resulting in cost and radiation exposure, without clear benefit. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of surveillance CT, as compared with clinical findings, to detection of disease recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred sixteen patients, age ≤ 21 years old, were treated on the multicenter Pediatric Oncology Group 9425 trial. Data for patients who experienced relapse were retrospectively reviewed to determine whether imaging or clinical events prompted suspicion of disease recurrence. Correlation was made to disease stage, time to recurrence, relapse site, and overall survival (OS). Results With a median follow-up time of 7.4 years, 25 (11.6%) of 216 patients had experienced a relapse, of whom 23 experienced local relapse. Median time to relapse was 7.6 months (range, 0.2 to 48.9 months). Nineteen relapses (76%) were detected based on symptoms, laboratory or physical examination findings, and two relapses (8%) were detected by imaging within the first year after therapy. Only four patients (16%) had their recurrence detected exclusively by surveillance imaging after the first year. Six deaths occurred, all in patients who experienced relapse within the first year after therapy. No patient with a recurrence after 1 year off treatment has died, regardless of how the recurrence was detected. CONCLUSION The majority of pediatric HL relapses occurred within the first year after therapy or were detected based on change in clinical status. Detecting late relapse, whether by imaging or clinical change, did not affect OS. These findings indicate that CT is overused for routine surveillance of patients with HL.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation: Studies on the Neurogenic Inhibitory Mechanism
Authors: Arthur Tuch, Sidney Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological mechanism of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. Circular muscle of the esophagus, LES, and stomach were evaluated for their inhibitory response to electrical stimulation during a maintained tonic contraction produced by a superfusion of acetylcholine and physostigmine. Only the circular muscle of the distal esophagus showed an inhibitory response to electrical stimulation. The maximal inhibition of LES muscle was 63.9±5.9 (mean±SE)% of the acetylcholine produced tension and occurred at 80 V. Upper esophageal and gastric muscle were not inhibited. The inhibitory response of the LES muscle was antagonized by tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium but not by other specific antagonists. Adrenergic nerve destruction following 6-hydroxydopamine also did not abolish the LES inhibition. These data indicate that the distal esophagus, at the zone of the manometrically determined LES, is characterized by a nonadrenergic neural inhibitory system. We suggest that these nerves may mediate LES relaxation.
Rethink Organization to iMprove Education and Outcomes (ROMEO)
Authors: Marina Trento, Silvia Gamba, Luigi Gentile, Giorgio Grassi, Valerio Miselli, Gabriel Morone, Pietro Passera, Laura Tonutti, Marco Tomalino, Piervincenzo Bondonio, Franco Cavallo, Massimo Porta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE A trial was performed to establish whether our group care model for lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes can be exported to other clinics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was a 4-year, two-armed, multicenter controlled trial in 13 hospital-based diabetes clinics in Italy (current controlled trials no. ISRCTN19509463). A total of 815 non–insulin-treated patients aged &amp;lt;80 years with ≥1 year known diabetes duration were randomized to either group or individual care. RESULTS After 4 years, patients in group care had lower A1C, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and serum creatinine and higher HDL cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.001, for all) than control subjects receiving individual care, despite similar pharmacological prescriptions. Health behaviors, quality of life, and knowledge of diabetes had become better in group care patients than in control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.001, for all). CONCLUSIONS The favorable clinical, cognitive, and psychological outcomes of group care can be reproduced in different clinical settings.
Low-dose inhaled and nasal corticosteroid use and the risk of cataracts
Authors: P. Ernst, M. Baltzan, J. Deschênes, S. Suissa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Orally inhaled corticosteroid use has been convincingly linked to an increase in the risk of cataracts, although the risk at lower doses in common use remains uncertain. The potential risk of cataracts with the use of nasal corticosteroids is unknown. A matched nested case–control analysis was performed in a population-based cohort of elderly people who had been dispensed medications for airway disease, as identified through a universal drug benefit plan. Inhaled corticosteroid use was associated with a dose-related increase in both the risk of all cataracts and severe cataracts requiring extraction, and the increase in risk of severe cataracts was apparent even at daily doses of ≤500 μg. An excess risk with nasal corticosteroids was not apparent for severe cataracts. It is concluded that, among the elderly, even low doses of inhaled corticosteroids are associated with a small but significant excess risk of cataracts requiring extraction. Such an excess risk was not observed with nasal corticosteroids.
Detection of human papillomavirus type 56 DNA, belonging to a mucous high-risk group, in hair follicles in the genital area of a woman no longer suffering from viral warts
Authors: A. Adachi, T. Suzuki, Y. Tomita
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) parasitize human epithelium, but it is not clear where they reside when they do not cause apparent infection. Hair follicles are important candidates as reservoirs. Objectives A patient reported previously by us as having perianal warts caused mainly by HPV 56, demonstrated hair follicles in her genital area which bulged a little from the surface and appeared somewhat enlarged. We therefore examined whether DNA of HPV 56, a member of the mucous high-risk group, might be detectable in these structures. Methods We obtained plucked hairs and performed an examination by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent reverse-phase dot blot hybridization (PCR-RDBH) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Results Strong positive signals were obtained not only with PCR-RDBH but also with ISH. Conclusions Hair follicles in the genital area might serve as reservoirs for HPVs belonging to the mucous high-risk group.
Ventilatory response to exercise in patients with heart failure and COPD
Authors: Paola Gargiulo, Anna Apostolo, Maurizio Bussotti, Erica Gondoni, Giovanni Marchese, Mattia Internullo, Matteo Bonini, Paolo Palange, Piergiuseppe Agostoni
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Ventilatory response to exercise in patients with coexisting heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is hardly predictable: there is an out-of-proportion increase of ventilation in HF, while the rise of ventilation is blunted in COPD. The ventilation (VE) behaviour during exercise is defined by its relation with carbon dioxide production (VCO2), according to a linear relationship (VE=aVCO2+b), where “a” is the slope, commonly used to define ventilatory efficiency, and “b” is the intercept on VE axis (VEYint), corresponding to dead space ventilation.  This study aimed to evaluate the ventilatory response to exercise in patients with HF and COPD assessing the slope and the VEYint of VE vs VCO2 in COPD+HF, COPD, HF, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients and in healthy controls.  Methods: Inclusion criteria were: EF≤40% and FEV1/FVC 0.70% for HF patients, preserved EF and FEV1/FVC  Results: This is a prospective, multicenter study that enrolled 355 patients (79 COPD+HF, 78 HF, 74 COPD, 57 PAH patients and 67 healthy subjects). Results are shown in table I.  Conclusion: VEYint is elevated in COPD+HF and COPD patients, but not in HF, PAH and healthy subjects, regardless of the slope of VE vs VCO2.
Pepsin in saliva for the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Jamal O Hayat, Shirley Gabieta-Somnez, Etsuro Yazaki, Jin-Yong Kang, Andrew Woodcock, Peter Dettmar, Jerry Mabary, Charles H Knowles, Daniel Sifrim
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> Current diagnostic methods for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) have moderate sensitivity/specificity and can be invasive and expensive. Pepsin detection in saliva has been proposed as an ‘office-based’ method for GORD diagnosis. The aims of this study were to establish normal values of salivary pepsin in healthy asymptomatic subjects and to determine its value to discriminate patients with reflux-related symptoms (GORD, hypersensitive oesophagus (HO)) from functional heartburn (FH). <h3>Design</h3> 100 asymptomatic controls and 111 patients with heartburn underwent MII-pH monitoring and simultaneous salivary pepsin determination on waking, after lunch and dinner. Cut-off value for pepsin positivity was 16 ng/mL. Patients were divided into GORD (increased acid exposure time (AET), n=58); HO (normal AET and + Symptom Association Probability (SAP), n=26) and FH (normal AET and—SAP, n=27). <h3>Results</h3> 1/3 of asymptomatic subjects had pepsin in saliva at low concentration (0(0–59)ng/mL). Patients with GORD and HO had higher prevalence and pepsin concentration than controls (HO, 237(52–311)ng/mL and GORD, 121(29–252)ng/mL)(p&lt;0.05). Patients with FH had low prevalence and concentration of pepsin in saliva (0(0–40) ng/mL). A positive test had 78.6% sensitivity and 64.9% specificity for diagnosis of GORD+HO (likelihood ratio: 2.23). However, one positive sample with &gt;210 ng/mL pepsin suggested presence of GORD+HO with 98.2% specificity (likelihood ratio: 25.1). Only 18/84 (21.4%) of GORD+HO patients had 3 negative samples. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with symptoms suggestive of GORD, salivary pepsin testing may complement questionnaires to assist office-based diagnosis. This may lessen the use of unnecessary antireflux therapy and the need for further invasive and expensive diagnostic methods.
Increased prevalence of sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness in subjects with bronchial asthma: a population study of young adults in three European countries
Authors: C Janson, W De Backer, T Gislason, P Plaschke, E Bjornsson, J Hetta, H Kristbjarnarson, P Vermeire, G Boman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether asthma is associated with decreased quality of sleep and increased daytime sleepiness. The study involved a random population of 2,202 subjects supplemented by 459 subjects with suspected asthma, aged 20-45 yrs. The subjects were from Reykjavik (Iceland), Uppsala and Goteborg (Sweden) and Antwerp (Belgium), and participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. The investigation included a structured interview, methacholine challenge, skinprick tests and a questionnaire on sleep disturbances. Participants in Iceland and Sweden also estimated their sleep times and made peak expiratory flow (PEF) recordings during a period of 1 week. Asthma was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma with current asthma-related symptoms (n = 267). Difficulties inducing sleep (DIS) and early morning awakenings (EMA) were about twice as common, and daytime sleepiness 50% more common, in asthmatics compared with subjects without asthma. After adjusting for possible confounders, a positive association was found between asthma and: DIS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8); EMA (OR = 2.0); daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.6); snoring (OR = 1.7); and self reported apnoeas (OR = 3.7). Allergic rhinitis, which was reported by 71% of subjects with asthma, was independently related to DIS (OR = 2.0) and daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.3). A significant correlation was found between the number of asthma-related symptoms and sleep disturbances (p &lt; 0.001). Asthma is associated with decreased subjective quality of sleep and increased daytime sleepiness. Concurrent allergic rhinitis may be an important underlying cause of sleep impairment in asthmatic patients.
The HNF-1 target Collectrin controls insulin exocytosis by SNARE complex formation
Authors: Kenji Fukui, Qin Yang, Yang Cao, Noriko Takahashi, Hiroyasu Hatakeyama, Haiyan Wang, Jun Wada, Yanling Zhang, Lorella Marselli, Takao Nammo, Kazue Yoneda, Mineki Onishi, Shigeki Higashiyama, Yuji Matsuzawa, Frank J. Gonzalez, Gordon C. Weir, Haruo Kasai, Iichiro Shimomura, Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, Claes B. Wollheim, Kazuya Yamagata
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2005)