tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery spasm.
Authors: E L Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1977)

bleeding tendency cannot be explained on the basis of a lowered VWFR.The disproportionate increase in VIIIC compared with VIIIA and VWFR may represent a non-specific effect (sic) analogous to similar results seen after exercise.5Nevertheless, in four patients the ratio VIIIA:VWFR was greater than 15, suggesting that the functional capacity of the factor VIII molecule (as assessed by ristocetin cofactor activity) may be impaired in some cases of renal failure.
Genetic variation in the prostate stem cell antigen gene PSCA confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Xifeng Wu, Yuanqing Ye, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Patrick Sulem, Thorunn Rafnar, Giuseppe Matullo, Daniela Seminara, Teruhiko Yoshida, Norihisa Saeki, Angeline S Andrew, Colin P Dinney, Bogdan Czerniak, Zuo-feng Zhang, Anne E Kiltie, D Timothy Bishop, Paolo Vineis, Stefano Porru, Frank Buntinx, Eliane Kellen, Maurice P Zeegers, Rajiv Kumar, Peter Rudnai, Eugene Gurzau, Kvetoslava Koppova, Jose Ignacio Mayordomo, Manuel Sanchez, Berta Saez, Annika Lindblom, Petra de Verdier, Gunnar Steineck, Gordon B Mills, Alan Schned, Simonetta Guarrera, Silvia Polidoro, Shen-Chih Chang, Jie Lin, David W Chang, Katherine S Hale, Tadeusz Majewski, H Barton Grossman, Steinunn Thorlacius, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Katja K H Aben, J Alfred Witjes, Kari Stefansson, Christopher I Amos, Margaret R Karagas, Jian Gu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
NCI Funding Trends and Priorities in Physical Activity and Energy Balance Research Among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Catherine M. Alfano, Shirley M. Bluethmann, Gina Tesauro, Frank Perna, Tanya Agurs-Collins, Joanne W. Elena, Sharon A. Ross, Mary O’Connell, Heather R. Bowles, Deborah Greenberg, Linda Nebeling
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

There is considerable evidence that a healthy lifestyle consisting of physical activity, healthy diet, and weight control is associated with reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after cancer. However, these behavioral interventions are not widely adopted in practice or community settings. Integrating heath behavior change interventions into standard survivorship care for the growing number of cancer survivors requires an understanding of the current state of the science and a coordinated scientific agenda for the future with focused attention in several priority areas. To facilitate this goal, this paper presents trends over the past decade of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) research portfolio, fiscal year 2004 to 2014, by funding mechanism, research focus, research design and methodology, primary study exposures and outcomes, and study team expertise and composition. These data inform a prioritized research agenda for the next decade focused on demonstrating value and feasibility and creating desire for health behavior change interventions at multiple levels including the survivor, clinician, and healthcare payer to facilitate the development and implementation of appropriately targeted, adaptive, effective, and sustainable programs for all survivors.
THE EFFECT OF MALNUTRITION ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE HOST TO VIRAL INFECTION
Authors: Douglas H. Sprunt, Clyde C. Flanigan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

The effect of progressive long term dietary protein depletion on viral susceptibility was investigated in 2 host-virus systems: (1) swine influenza in the male CF(1) mouse, and (2) Rous sarcoma virus in the New Hampshire red chicken. Data are presented demonstrating a relationship between host protein nutrition and susceptibility to virus infection. This relationship is shown to be cyclic in character, involving phases of increased and decreased viral susceptibility. The relative resistance of the host on low protein intake is a function of the duration on incomplete diet administration before virus inoculation, and consequently a function of the host's state of depletion. As illustrated in Fig. 6, the cyclic susceptibility change demonstrated by these animals on low protein diet was characterized by an initial phase of increased susceptibility, a secondary phase of increased resistance, and a final phase of increased susceptibility. It is proposed that these alterations in relative viral susceptibility result from metabolic changes occurring within the host during the process of dietary protein depletion. The resistance changes are roughly correlated to periods of depot fat utilization (increased susceptibility), reserve protein utilization (decreased susceptibility), and tissue breakdown subsequent to protein starvation (increased susceptibility). Many previously published concepts of the interplay of viral susceptibility and host nutrition maintained that host malnourishment led to increased host resistance. The cyclic change in resistance, reported herein, is given as evidence that the effect of host deficiency cannot be explained simply on the basis of an inhibition of virus growth due to retarded cellular metabolism in the host. Protein deficiency is shown not to produce an "all-or-none" effect, but a series of reproducible phases of increased and decreased resistance. From the aforementioned results it is proposed that the phases of viral susceptibility seen in the protein-deficient host are demonstrative of the dynamic interrelationship between the physiologic state and the resistance of the host. Dietary influences in the normal host, by producing similar metabolic changes, could have analogous implications on innate resistance. It is believed that the foregoing leads to a more clear and dynamic concept of viral resistance in the normal individual.
Albumin dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: A prospective, controlled study
Authors: Uwe Heemann, Ulrich Treichel, Jan Loock, Thomas Philipp, Guido Gerken, Massimo Malago, Sebastian Klammt, Matthias Loehr, Stephan Liebe, Steffen Mitzner, Reinhardt Schmidt, Jan Stange
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Patients with liver cirrhosis and a superimposed acute injury with progressive hyperbilirubinemia have a high mortality. A prospective, controlled study was performed to test whether hyperbilirubinemia, 30-day survival, and encephalopathy would be improved by extracorporeal albumin dialysis (ECAD). Twenty-four patients were studied; 23 patients had cirrhosis; 1 had a prolonged cholestatic drug reaction and was excluded from per protocol (PP) analysis. Patients had a plasma bilirubin greater than 20 mg/dL and had not responded to prior standard medical therapy (SMT). Patients were randomized to receive SMT with ECAD or without (control). ECAD was performed with an extracorporeal device that dialyzes blood in a hollow fiber dialyzer (MW cutoff &lt; 60 kd) against 15% albumin. Albumin-bound molecules transfer to dialysate albumin that is regenerated continuously by passage through a charcoal and anion exchange column and a conventional dialyzer. ECAD was associated with improved 30-day survival (PP, 11 of 12 ECAD, 6 of 11 controls; log rank P &lt; .05). Plasma bile acids and bilirubin decreased on average by 43% and 29%, respectively, in the ECAD group after 1 week of treatment, but not in the control group. Renal dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy improved in the ECAD group, but worsened significantly in the control group. ECAD was safe, with adverse events being rare and identical in both groups. In conclusion, ECAD appears to be effective and safe for the short-term treatment of patients with cirrhosis and superimposed acute injury associated with progressive hyperbilirubinemia and may be useful for increasing survival in such patients awaiting liver transplantation.
Transcriptional Control of the <i>ERBB2</i> Amplicon by ERRα and PGC-1β Promotes Mammary Gland Tumorigenesis
Authors: Geneviève Deblois, Ghada Chahrour, Marie-Claude Perry, Guillaume Sylvain-Drolet, William J Muller, Vincent Giguère
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Overexpression of ERBB2 and its neighboring genes on chromosome 17 occurs in approximately 25% of breast tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. While amplification of the 17q12-21 chromosomal region often correlates with an increase in the transcriptional rates of the locus, the molecular mechanisms and the factors involved in the coordinated expression of genes residing within the ERBB2 amplicon remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα, NR3B1) and its coregulator PGC-1β are key effectors in this process. Using a mouse model of ERBB2-initiated mammary tumorigenesis, we first show that ablation of ERRα significantly delays ERBB2-induced tumor development and lowers the levels of amplicon transcripts. Chromosome 17q-wide binding site location analyses in human breast cancer cells show preferential recruitment of ERRα to DNA segments associated with the ERBB2 amplicon. Furthermore, ERRα directs the co-recruitment of the coactivator PGC-1β to segments in the 17q12 region and the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the promoters of the ERBB2 and coamplified genes. ERRα and PGC-1β also participate in the de-repression of ERBB2 expression through competitive genomic cross-talk with estrogen receptor α (ERα) and, as a consequence, influence tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ERRα and PGC-1β are key players in the etiology of malignant breast cancer by coordinating the transcriptional regulation of genes located in the 17q12 region, a process that also involves interference with the repressive function of ERα on ERBB2 expression.
Activity of eribulin mesylate in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma: a phase 2 study in four independent histological subtypes
Authors: Patrick Schöffski, Isabelle Laure Ray-Coquard, Angela Cioffi, Nguyen Bin Bui, Sebastian Bauer, Joerg Thomas Hartmann, Anders Krarup-Hansen, Viktor Grünwald, Raf Sciot, Herlinde Dumez, Jean-Yves Blay, Axel Le Cesne, Jantien Wanders, Carolyn Hayward, Sandrine Marreaud, Monia Ouali, Peter Hohenberger
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
The<i>MGMT</i>promoter SNP rs16906252 is a risk factor for<i>MGMT</i>methylation in glioblastoma and is predictive of response to temozolomide
Authors: Robert W. Rapkins, Fan Wang, HuyTram N. Nguyen, Timothy F. Cloughesy, Albert Lai, Wendy Ha, Anna K. Nowak, Megan P. Hitchins, Kerrie L. McDonald
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Promoter methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is an important predictive biomarker in glioblastoma. The T variant of the MGMT promoter-enhancer single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs16906252) has been associated with the presence of MGMT promoter methylation in other cancers. We examined the association of the T allele of rs16906252 with glioblastoma development, tumor MGMT methylation, MGMT protein expression, and survival outcomes. Two independent temozolomide-treated glioblastoma cohorts—one Australian (Australian Genomics and Clinical Outcomes of Glioma, n = 163) and the other American (University of California Los Angeles/Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles, n = 159)—were studied. Allelic bisulphite sequencing was used to determine if methylation was specific to the T allele. Additionally, we compared the incidence of the T allele between glioblastoma cases and matched controls to assess whether it was a risk factor for developing MGMT methylated glioblastoma. Carriage of the T allele of the rs16906252 SNP was associated with both MGMT methylation and low MGMT protein expression and predicted significantly longer survival in temozolomide-treated patients with both MGMT methylated and nonmethylated glioblastoma. Methylation was linked to the T allele, inferring that the T variant plays a key role in the acquisition of MGMT methylation. Carriage of the T allele was associated with a significantly elevated risk of developing glioblastoma (adjusted odds ratio, 1.96; P = .013), increasing further when glioblastoma was classified by the presence of MGMT methylation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.86; P = .001). The T allele of the rs16906252 SNP is a key determinant in the acquisition of MGMT methylation in glioblastoma. Temozolomide-treated patients with the rs16906252 T genotype have better survival, irrespective of tumor methylation status.
CPAP versus adaptive servoventilator (ASV) in patient with congestive heart failure and sleep disorder breathing
Authors: Donato Lacedonia, Massimo Iacoviello, Felice Gadaleta, Vito A. Falcone, Agata Puzzovivo, Ersilia Tedeschi, Stefano Favale, Onofrio Resta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction 

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nocturnal ventilation by two different ventilatory support: CPAP or Adaptive Servo Ventilator (ASV) in patients with heart failure and sleep disorder breathing, in particular on echocardiographic parameters.

Methods 

Ambulatory patients with congestive heart failure were screened for presence of Sleep Disorder Breathing (SDB). After a full night polysomnography the patients were divided in OSA, CSA-CSR or noSDB. All patients with SDB were titrated at the begin by CPAP but if CSA-CSR occurred or was not resolved they were switch to ASV.

![Figure][1] 



All patients were evaluated at baseline and after six month of treatment by echocardiographic study and clinical evaluation.

Results 

52 patient were enrolled, age was 63,2±10,06, FE 31,2±8.Of them 13 patient (25%) were no SDB,21 were OSAS (40%) 18 were CSA-CSR (35%).There was not differences among groups according to age,FE, TAPSE and NT-proBNP.All patients with SDB were admitted to nocturnal ventilation: 14 received CPAP,16 received ASV while 9 refused treatment.After 6 months, any change was obtained in FE and NT-pro-BNP and in TAPSE, as well as on the other echocardiographics parameters in all groups.

Conclusion In patients with CHF sleep disorder breathing are very common, however CPAP o ASV nocturnal ventilation have no impact on improvement of echocardiographics parameters.

 [1]: pending:yes
Clinical Validity of a Negative Computed Tomography Scan in Patients With Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Rene Quiroz, Nils Kucher, Kelly H. Zou, Florian Kipfmueller, Philip Costello, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, U. Joseph Schoepf
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The clinical validity of using computed tomography (CT) to diagnose peripheral pulmonary embolism is uncertain. Insufficient sensitivity for peripheral pulmonary embolism is considered the principal limitation of CT.To review studies that used a CT-based approach to rule out a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.The medical literature databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CRISP, metaRegister of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane were searched for articles published in the English language from January 1990 to May 2004.We included studies that used contrast-enhanced chest CT to rule out the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism, had a minimum follow-up of 3 months, and had study populations of more than 30 patients.Two reviewers independently abstracted patient demographics, frequency of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs), CT modality (single-slice CT, multidetector-row CT, or electron-beam CT), false-negative results, and deaths attributable to pulmonary embolism. To calculate the overall negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of a VTE after a negative or inconclusive chest CT scan for pulmonary embolism, we included VTEs that were objectively confirmed by an additional imaging test despite a negative or inconclusive CT scan and objectively confirmed VTEs that occurred during clinical follow-up of at least 3 months.Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and contained a total of 3500 patients who were evaluated from October 1994 through April 2002. The overall NLR of a VTE after a negative chest CT scan for pulmonary embolism was 0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.11); and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 99.1% (95% CI, 98.7%-99.5%). The NLR of a VTE after a negative single-slice spiral CT scan for pulmonary embolism was 0.08 (95% CI, 0.05-0.13); and after a negative multidetector-row CT scan, 0.15 (95% CI, 0.05-0.43). There was no difference in risk of VTEs based on CT modality used (relative risk, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.47-5.94; P = .50). The overall NLR of mortality attributable to pulmonary embolism was 0.01 (95% CI, 0.01-0.02) and the overall NPV was 99.4% (95% CI, 98.7%-99.9%).The clinical validity of using a CT scan to rule out pulmonary embolism is similar to that reported for conventional pulmonary angiography.
Photodynamic therapy inactivates cell-associated basic fibroblast growth factor: a silent way of vascular smooth muscle cell eradication
Authors: R Statius van Eps
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Procedurally related vascular injury results in a smooth muscle cell SMC proliferative response which is in part initiated Ž .by SMC release of mitogens, including basic fibroblast growth factor bFGF .This injury-induced proliferative response is believed to be Ž .a key event in intimal hyperplasia development.Photodynamic therapy PDT , a novel approach found to be effective in inhibiting experimental intimal hyperplasia, produces cytotoxic free radicals resulting in localized SMC eradication.However, this form of SMC injury does not induce an inflammatory or proliferative response in the vessel wall.This study investigated whether PDT-generated free radicals could inactivate cell-associated bFGF normally released with cell injury.Methods: PDT of bovine SMC was performed in vitro Ž .2 with the photosensitizer CASPc 5 mgrml and 675 nm laser light using three different fluences: 10, 50, and 100 Jrcm .After PDT, Ž .SMC viability was determined with the tetrazolium salt MTT assay and cell-associated bFGF was quantitated by ELISA.A SMC mitogenesis assay was utilized to detect cell-associated bFGF activity released with SMC injury.Results: In a dose-dependent manner, PDT-generated free radicals reduced cell-associated bFGF levels.After PDT with 100 Jrcm 2 , cell-associated bFGF content was reduced Ž . 2Ž .by 88% P -0.0002 .Of special interest was the finding that PDT with 10 Jrcm significantly P -0.0002 reduced cell viability to Ž 2 .around 50%, without affecting cellular bFGF levels.Consequently, a higher PDT dose 100 Jrcm was needed to significantly Ž .P -0.001 inhibit the SMC mitogenic response associated with SMC injury.Conclusion: These results provide a mechanism to explain how, unlike mechanical or other forms of SMC injury, optimal doses of PDT can locally eradicate medial vascular SMC without resulting in a bFGF-induced initiation of cell proliferation.
High Resolution Mapping of Candidate Alleles for Desiccation Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster under Selection
Authors: Marina Telonis-Scott, Madeleine Gane, Sarah DeGaris, Carla M. Sgrò, Ary A. Hoffmann
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

The ability to counter periods of low humidity is an important determinant of distribution range in Drosophila. Climate specialists with low physiological tolerance to desiccation stress are restricted to the tropics and may lack the ability to further increase resistance through evolution. Although the physiological adaptations to desiccation stress are well studied in Drosophila and other ectotherms, factors underlying evolutionary responses remain unknown because of a paucity of genetic data. We address this issue by mapping evolutionary shifts in D. melanogaster under selection for desiccation resistance. Genomic DNA from five independent replicate selected, and control lines were hybridized to high density Affymetrix Drosophila tiling arrays resulting in the detection of 691 single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) differing between the treatments. While randomly distributed throughout the genome, the SFPs formed specific clusters according to gene ontology. These included genes involved in ion transport and respiratory system development that provide candidates for evolutionary changes involving excretory and respiratory water balance. Changes to genes related to neuronal control of cell signaling, development, and gene regulation provide candidates to explore novel biological processes in stress resistance. Sequencing revealed the nucleotide shifts in a subset of the SFPs and highlighted larger regions of genomic diversity surrounding SFPs. The association between natural desiccation resistance and a 463-bp region of the 5′ promoter region of the Dys gene undergoing allele frequency changes in response to selection in the experimental evolution lines was tested in an independent population from Coffs Harbour, Australia. The allele frequencies of 23 SNPs common to the two populations were inferred from the parents of the 10% most and 10% least resistant Coffs Harbour flies. The frequencies of the selected alleles were higher at all sites, with three sites significantly associated with the resistant Coffs Harbour flies. This study illustrates how rapid mapping can be used for discovering natural molecular variants associated with survival to low humidity and provides a wealth of candidate alleles to explore the genetic basis of physiological differences among resistant and susceptible Drosophila populations and species.
Validation of the 3CPO-score in a prospective cohort of Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (ACPE) patients
Authors: Rosti, C Travierso, S Aliberti, F Piffer, T Maraffi, Monzani, F Stea, A Nardo, F Furlan, A Maffei, C Minelli, A Kostihova, R Cosentini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Assessing the severity of patients presenting in the Emergency Department (ED) with ACPE is crucial to decide intensity of treatment and site of care. The 3CPO Trialists elaborated a Score based on presenting characteristic to predict 7-day mortality.   Aim:  To validate the 3CPO-score in a prospective cohort of ACPE patients.   Methods:  A multicentric, prospective,web-based,observational study was performed in 13 Italian ED. The 3CPO score was computed as follows: 0 to 2 points according to age; 0 to 3 points according to Systolic Blood pressure; 0 to 2 points according to the ability to obey to commands.   Results:  From May 2009 to October 2010, 240 patients were analyzed.Mean age was 80 years (SD±11 years), 117 male (48%). Overall 7-day mortality was 7% (17/240). Mortality according to the Score classes is shown in table 1.  The result of the ROC analysis is depicted in Figure 1: the AUC was 0.75; however,intermediate values of the score did not reliability predict mortality in our population.   Conclusion:  In our cohort of patients, the 3CPO score yielded unsatisfactory results. We hypothize that this may depend on the different characteristics of our population and/or the different treatment; further studies are needed to confirm the applicability of the score in other populations.
Nongastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
Authors: Emanuele Zucca, Annarita Conconi, Ennio Pedrinis, Sergio Cortelazzo, Teresio Motta, Mary K. Gospodarowicz, Bruce J. Patterson, Andrés J. M. Ferreri, Maurilio Ponzoni, Liliana Devizzi, Roberto Giardini, Graziella Pinotti, Carlo Capella, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Stefano Pileri, Armando López-Guillermo, Elias Campo, Achille Ambrosetti, Luca Baldini, Franco Cavalli
Journal: Blood (2003)