tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of aberrant HLA-B27 molecules is dependent on B27 dosage and peptide supply
Authors: Kirsty McHugh, Oliwia Rysnik, Simon Kollnberger, Jacqueline Shaw, Lotta Utriainen, Mohammad Hussein Al-Mossawi, Sravan Payeli, Osiris Marroquin, Simon Milling, Christoph Renner, Paul Bowness
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Cellular expression of non-classical forms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 (NC-B27) may be involved in spondyloarthritis (SpA) pathogenesis. We used a novel B27-specific monoclonal antibody, HD6, to ask if B27 transgenic (TG) rat splenocytes express these NC-B27 molecules. We also investigated whether B27-binding peptides could affect the expression and functional immune recognition of HD6-reactive B27 molecules.Splenocytes from B27-TG, B7-TG and non-transgenic rats, and HLA-B27+ cell lines were stained with monoclonal antibodies recognising classical (ME-1, HLA-ABC-m1) and non-classical (HD6, HC10) B27. Cells were further cultured in the presence of HLA-B27-binding peptides, or subjected to brief low pH treatment prior to mAb staining and/or immunoprecipitation or co-culture with KIR3DL2-CD3ε-expressing Jurkat reporter cells.HD6-reactive molecules were detected in the majority of adult B27-TG rat splenocyte cell subsets, increasing with age and concomitant increased B27 expression. HD6 staining was inhibited by incubation with B27-binding peptides and induced by low pH treatment. HD6 staining correlated with KIR3DL2-CD3ε-expressing Jurkat reporter cell activity. Thus, IL-2 production was decreased when B27-expressing antigen-presenting cells were preincubated with B27-binding peptides, but increased following pretreatment with low pH buffer.Surface expression of HD6-reactive B27 molecules on B27-TG rat splenocytes is consistent with a pathogenic role for NC-B27 in SpA. Interaction of NC-B27 with innate immune receptors could be critical in SpA pathogenesis, and we show that this may be influenced by the availability and composition of the B27-binding peptide pool.
Growing a tumor stroma: a role for granulin and the bone marrow
Authors: Andrew Bateman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The tumor stroma is critical in cancer progression; understanding its formation is therefore important biologically and therapeutically. In this issue of the JCI, Elkabets et al. report on the generation of data in mice that lead them to propose that certain tumors can stimulate the growth of a second otherwise quiescent or indolent tumor in the same animal by stimulating stromal formation. Granulin-expressing Sca+Kit- hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow of the tumor host were required to mediate this effect. These data shed new light on the importance of the bone marrow in tumor growth and the role of granulin in carcinogenesis.
In vivo diagnosis of lymphocytic colitis by confocal laser endomicroscopy
Authors: Helmut Neumann, Martin Grauer, Michael Vieth, Markus F Neurath
Journal: Gut (2012)

We read with interest the paper by Moussata et al and the GI snapshot by Neufert et al , published in recent issues of Gut .1 ,2 The authors described in these outstanding articles the potential of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) to either image intramucosal bacteria in vivo in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and also to visualise disease specific findings (‘foamy macrophages’) in a patient with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection.

CLE was recently introduced as a new emerging endoscopic imaging modality which due to its inherent capability of providing in vivo images of microscopic tissue changes at 1000-fold …
CONGENITAL ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA OF THE FACE
Authors: N. E. JENSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article CONGENITAL ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA OF THE FACE Get access N. E. JENSEN N. E. JENSEN Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, United Sheffield Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 84, Issue 5, 1 May 1971, Pages 410–416, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb02524.x Published: 01 May 1971 Article history Accepted: 12 January 1971 Published: 01 May 1971
Pharmacologic Treatment of Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Vincenza Snow, Paul Shekelle, Robert Hopkins, Mary Ann Forciea, Douglas K. Owens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed this guideline to present the available evidence on various pharmacologic treatments to prevent fractures in men and women with low bone density or osteoporosis.Published literature on this topic was identified by using MEDLINE (1966 to December 2006), the ACP Journal Club database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (no date limits), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (no date limits), Web sites of the United Kingdom National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (no date limits), and the United Kingdom Health Technology Assessment Program (January 1998 to December 2006). Searches were limited to English-language publications and human studies. Keywords for search included terms for osteoporosis, osteopenia, low bone density, and the drugs listed in the key questions. This guideline grades the evidence and recommendations according to the ACP's clinical practice guidelines grading system. RECOMMENDATION 1: ACP recommends that clinicians offer pharmacologic treatment to men and women who have known osteoporosis and to those who have experienced fragility fractures (Grade: strong recommendation; high-quality evidence). RECOMMENDATION 2: ACP recommends that clinicians consider pharmacologic treatment for men and women who are at risk for developing osteoporosis (Grade: weak recommendation; moderate-quality evidence). RECOMMENDATION 3: ACP recommends that clinicians choose among pharmacologic treatment options for osteoporosis in men and women on the basis of an assessment of risk and benefits in individual patients (Grade: strong recommendation; moderate-quality evidence). RECOMMENDATION 4: ACP recommends further research to evaluate treatment of osteoporosis in men and women.
Pentatricopeptide Repeat Proteins Constrain Genome Evolution in Chloroplasts
Authors: Michael L. Hayes, R. Michael Mulligan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Higher plants encode hundreds of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPRs) that are involved in several types of RNA processing reactions. Most PPR genes are predicted to be targeted to chloroplasts or mitochondria, and many are known to affect organellar gene expression. In some cases, RNA binding has been directly demonstrated, and the sequences of the cis-elements are known. In this work, we demonstrate that RNA cis-elements recognized by PPRs are constrained in chloroplast genome evolution. Cis-elements for two PPR genes and several RNA editing sites were analyzed for sequence changes by pairwise nucleotide substitution frequency, pairwise indel frequency, and maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic distances. All three of these analyses demonstrated that sequences within the cis-element are highly conserved compared with surrounding sequences. In addition, we have compared sequences around chloroplast editing sites and homologous sequences in species that lack an editing site due to the presence of a genomic T. Cis-elements for RNA editing sites are highly conserved in angiosperms; by contrast, comparable sequences around a genomically encoded T exhibit higher rates of nucleotide substitution, higher frequencies of indels, and greater ML distances. The loss in requirement for editing to create the ndhD start codon has resulted in the conversion of the PPR gene responsible for editing that site to a pseudogene. We show that organellar dependence on nuclear-encoded PPR proteins for gene expression has constrained the evolution of cis-elements that are required at the level of RNA processing. Thus, the expansion of the PPR gene family in plants has had a dramatic effect on the evolution of plant organelle genomes.
Gesture in language evolution: Could I but raise my hand to it!
Authors: John L. Bradshaw
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

An intervening gestural stage in language evolution, though seductive, is ultimately redundant, and is not necessarily supported by modern human or chimp behaviour. The findings and arguments offered from mirror neurones, anatomy, and lateralization are capable of other interpretations, and the manipulative dextrality of chimps is under-recognized. While language certainly possesses certain unique properties, its roots are ancient.
Commission demands end to “festering sore” of African poverty
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A report by the Commission for Africa has called on rich nations to take a “Hippocratic oath” to the African continent, promising to “first do no harm.” The 450 page report breaks new ground by acknowledging not just Africa's perennial problem of bad governance but also the role that the West has played in impoverishing the continent.

Prime Minister Tony Blair, who has frequently spoken of the need to tackle the “festering sore” of African poverty, set up the Commission for Africa a year ago. The Africa Commissioners include Britain's chancellor of the exchequer, Gordon Brown; the secretary of state for international development, Hilary Benn; singer Bob Geldof; and two heads of state: Benjamin Mkapa, president of Tanzania, and Meles Zenawi, prime minister of Ethiopia. Nine of the 17 commissioners are themselves Africans. With the publication of this report, the commission's principal task is now finished.

The report says: “The trading relationship between the developed and developing worlds has long been one dominated by a complex web of rules, taxes, tariffs, and quotas which massively bias the entire business of international trade in favour of the rich.” It accuses the industrialised world of being a “wilful obstacle” to African development. It notes that a typical European cow receives $2 (£1.04; €1.43) a day …
Coordination of intrinsic, extrinsic, and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis by imatinib mesylate combined with arsenic trioxide in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yanzhi Du, Kankan Wang, Hai Fang, Junmin Li, Dakai Xiao, Peizheng Zheng, Yulong Chen, Huiyong Fan, Xiaoling Pan, Chunjun Zhao, Qinghua Zhang, Sandrine Imbeaud, Esther Graudens, Eric Eveno, Charles Auffray, Saijuan Chen, Zhu Chen, Ji Zhang
Journal: Blood (2005)
Increased Ca <sup>2+</sup> Sensitivity of the Ryanodine Receptor Mutant RyR2 <sup>R4496C</sup> Underlies Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: María Fernández-Velasco, Angélica Rueda, Nicoletta Rizzi, Jean-Pierre Benitah, Barbara Colombi, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G. Priori, Sylvain Richard, Ana María Gómez
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) mutations are associated with autosomal dominant catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, suggesting that alterations in Ca(2+) handling underlie this disease. Here we analyze the underlying Ca(2+) release defect that leads to arrhythmia in cardiomyocytes isolated from heterozygous knock-in mice carrying the RyR2(R4496C) mutation. RyR2(R4496C-/-) littermates (wild type) were used as controls. [Ca(2+)](i) transients were obtained by field stimulation in fluo-3-loaded cardiomyocytes and viewed using confocal microscopy. In our basal recording conditions (2-Hz stimulation rate), [Ca(2+)](i) transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load were similar in wild-type and RyR2(R4496C) cells. However, paced RyR2(R4496C) ventricular myocytes presented abnormal Ca(2+) release during the diastolic period, viewed as Ca(2+) waves, consistent with the occurrence of delayed afterdepolarizations. The occurrence of this abnormal Ca(2+) release was enhanced at faster stimulation rates and by beta-adrenergic stimulation, which also induced triggered activity. Spontaneous Ca(2+) sparks were more frequent in RyR2(R4496C) myocytes, indicating increased RyR2(R4496C) activity. When permeabilized cells were exposed to different cytosolic [Ca(2+)](i), RyR2(R4496C) showed a dramatic increase in Ca(2+) sensitivity. Isoproterenol increased [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitude and Ca(2+) spark frequency to the same extent in wild-type and RyR2(R4496C) cells, indicating that the beta-adrenergic sensitivity of RyR2(R4496C) cells remained unaltered. This effect was independent of protein expression variations because no difference was found in the total or phosphorylated RyR2 expression levels. In conclusion, the arrhythmogenic potential of the RyR2(R4496C) mutation is attributable to the increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of RyR2(R4496C), which induces diastolic Ca(2+) release and lowers the threshold for triggered activity.
Organ Transplantation and Regulation in China--Reply
Authors: B.-Y. Shi, L.-P. Chen
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology
Authors: A H Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

ISBN 0-7216-3977-1 Ed Richard M Gore, Marc S Levine, Igor Laufer Saunders, £227, pp 2716,

Despite its size the Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology is an easy and an enjoyable read - the sort of book one likes to browse through at home. But how does it stand up as a bench book? I kept a copy in my office for several weeks to find out, and I referred to it on several occasions.

A patient presented with backache. Radiographs of the lumbar spine showed a ring of calcification, which I thought was likely to be caused by a splenic artery aneurysm. Computed tomography, however, showed a 4 cm solid tumour in the pancreatic body with heavy marginal calcification. What was the probable diagnosis? The textbook's answer was that it was likely to …
Health system reform: the case for a single-payer approach
Authors: A. B. Reid
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Representative McDermott's 1 comments regarding a Canadian single-payer system for US health care reform relies on altruism and does not reflect the reality of the system. I am a third-generation physician, born and raised in the Canadian health care system, and I have seen the single-payer system in Canada develop and flounder under a burgeoning economic crisis. Patient access is not unfettered with free choice of provider. Access is limited by excessive patient loads on primary care physicians and limited specialist availability, making 2-month and 3-month referral waits common. Global budgets and caps have not been effective at cost containment as the Canadian health care system has experienced medical cost increases parallel to that of the United States. The only effects of global budgeting are economic rationing of care through closure of hospital beds, limiting of diagnostic equipment, and long waiting lists for elective surgery. Negotiations with
DNA Microarrays
Authors: Stuart A. Cook, Anthony Rosenzweig
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Dramatic progress has been made in the technologies available to assess global alterations in mRNA levels in both clinical and research samples. Through commercial services and institutional core laboratories, these technologies are increasingly accessible to individual investigators. Although such transcript profiling can provide a powerful research tool, the broad range of options can be bewildering for the uninitiated and more often than not the limitations and pitfalls of this approach are not fully appreciated. Moreover, consensus standards for data collection, analysis, and validation have yet to emerge. It is important to recognize that the goals of transcript profiling experiments can be quite diverse. These goals range from hypothesis generation and identification of novel therapeutic targets to delineation of complex patterns of gene expression that provide a potentially pathognomonic molecular phenotype. We will first present a practical review of the commonly used approaches for data collection and analysis, and discuss possible standards for contextual validation. We will then examine the clinical and scientific applications of DNA microarray technology with an emphasis on important limitations and implications for cardiovascular medicine.
Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Measure the Frequency of Low Glucose Values When Using Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 Compared With Biphasic Human Insulin 30
Authors: Paul G. McNally, John D. Dean, Andrew D. Morris, Peter D. Wilkinson, Gerhard Compion, Simon R. Heller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Rapid-acting insulin analogs in basal-bolus regimens can reduce nocturnal hypoglycemia, so it is conceivable that twice-daily biphasic insulin analogs might reduce hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. We used a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and self-reported episodes to investigate differences in the frequency of low glucose values in patients with type 2 diabetes, using either biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) or biphasic human insulin 30 (BHI 30).This was a double-blind, two-period, crossover trial involving 160 subjects. After 8 weeks' run-in, subjects were randomized to the first of two 16-week treatment periods.No differences in overall incidence of low interstitial glucose (IG) were found. Twenty-four-hour plots of CGMS showed low IG was more frequent at night than during the day and was unrecognized by patients. At night, subjects spent significantly less time (percentage of total CGMS recorded) with IG <3.5 and <2.5 mmol/l during BIAsp 30 than during BHI 30 treatment, respectively (<3.5 mmol/l: 6.36 vs. 7.93% [mean], 0.67 vs. 2.43% [median], P = 0.018; <2.5 mmol/l: 2.35 vs. 2.86% [mean], 0 vs. 0% [median], P = 0.0467). No treatment difference in A1C was observed.Overall rates of low glucose over 24 h were not different but were twice as frequent at night than during the day in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Compared with BHI 30, BIAsp 30 was associated with similar low IG readings over 24 h but with fewer nocturnal episodes and less self-reported nocturnal hypoglycemia.
FURTHER STUDIES ON METACHROMASIA IN CULTURED HUMAN FIBROBLASTS
Authors: B. Shannon Danes, J. E. Scott, Alexander G. Bearn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Staining with Alcian blue in various concentrations of magnesium chloride (alcianophilia) has been found to be a useful supplement to metachromatic staining to detect increased cellular concentrations of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). In many instances alcianophilia at 0.3 M MgCl(2) is more specific than metachromasia and does not give "false positives" sometimes found in normal individuals and in those with cystic fibrosis, Gaucher's disease, familial amaurotic idiocy, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. On the other hand, it gives a "false negative" reaction in the Sanfilippo syndrome (perhaps because the characteristically elevated glycosaminoglycan in this disease, heparan sulfate, is not synthesized by cultured skin fibroblasts), and in the Marfan syndrome. It detects the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, which metachromasia does not. The "false positives" given by metachromasia in all six families studied thus far are genuine, reproducible reactions that can be traced through at least three generations of normal individuals within a family. There is therefore, in these families, a genetic factor that causes such metachromasia, but it is not increased glycosaminoglycan concentration.
Hypoxia-activated apoptosis of cardiac myocytes requires reoxygenation or a pH shift and is independent of p53
Authors: Nanette H. Bishopric, Daryl J. Discher, Shari Kaiser, Olga Hernandez, Barbara Sato, Jie Zang, Keith A. Webster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Ischemia and reperfusion activate cardiac myocyte apoptosis, which may be an important feature in the progression of ischemic heart disease. The relative contributions of ischemia and reperfusion to apoptotic signal transduction have not been established. We report here that severe chronic hypoxia alone does not cause apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in culture. When rapidly contracting cardiac myocytes were exposed to chronic hypoxia, apoptosis occurred only when there was a decrease in extracellular pH ([pH]o). Apoptosis did not occur when [pH]o was neutralized. Addition of acidic medium from hypoxic cultures or exogenous lactic acid stimulated apoptosis in aerobic myocytes. Hypoxia-acidosis–mediated cell death was independent of p53: equivalent apoptosis occurred in cardiac myocytes isolated from wild-type and p53 knockout mice, and hypoxia caused no detectable change in p53 abundance or p53-dependent transcription. Reoxygenation of hypoxic cardiac myocytes induced apoptosis in 25–30% of the cells and was also independent of p53 by the same criteria. Finally, equivalent levels of apoptosis, as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, were induced by ischemia-reperfusion, but not by ischemia alone, of Langendorff-perfused hearts from wild-type and p53 knockout mice. We conclude that acidosis, reoxygenation, and reperfusion, but not hypoxia (or ischemia) alone, are strong stimuli for programmed cell death that is substantially independent of p53.
TACI, unlike BAFF-R, is solely activated by oligomeric BAFF and APRIL to support survival of activated B cells and plasmablasts
Authors: Claudia Bossen, Teresa G. Cachero, Aubry Tardivel, Karine Ingold, Laure Willen, Max Dobles, Martin L. Scott, Aris Maquelin, Elodie Belnoue, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Stéphane Chevrier, Hans Acha-Orbea, Helen Leung, Fabienne Mackay, Jürg Tschopp, Pascal Schneider
Journal: Blood (2007)