tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin Action in Insulin-Dependent Diabetics After Short-Term Thiazide Therapy
Authors: O Schmitz, K Hermansen, O Hother, C K Christensen, J Arnfred, H E Hansen, C E Mogensen, H Ørskov, H Beck-Nielsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

The influence of short-term thiazide treatment on peripheral tissue and liver sensitivity to insulin in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was determined by the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. A sequential three-step hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed in six insulin-dependent diabetics before and after 2 wk of hydroflumethiazide (HFT) administration in a daily dose of 75 mg. Insulin was infused at rates of 0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mU · kg−1 · min−1, and each dose was given for at least 120 min. Glucose uptake during the last 30 min of each step was almost identical in the two situations (2.7 ± 0.6 vs.2.4±0.5mg · kg−1 min−1, 9.6 ± 0.9 vs. 9.7 ± 1.2 mg · kg−1 · min−1, and 12.0 ± 1.3 vs. 12.6 ± 1.5 min−1). Serum insulin levels were also similar, and blood glucose was kept at 100 ± 3, 2.4 ± 0.5 mg · kg−1 99 ± 4, and 97 ± 3 mg/dl before thiazides and at 93 ± 6, 93 ± 6, and 94 ± 6 mg/dl after thiazides. Another five insulin-dependent diabetics were infused with tritiated glucose followed by insulin infusion at two rates: 0.45 and 1.0 mU · kg−1 · min−1. Basal glucose output was comparable before and after thiazides (3.63 ± 0.24 vs. 2.97 ± 0.26 mg · kg−1 · min−1), as was the liver response to increasing insulin concentrations. The metabolic state as assessed by HbA1c and fasting blood glucose did not differ in the two experiments. In conclusion, short-term HFT therapy has no impact on either insulinmediated glucose uptake or sensitivity of the liver to insulin. Thus, probably no adverse effects on the metabolic state will be encountered in diabetics with minimal endogenous insulin during treatment with thiazides.
Clinical leadership in the provision of hospital care
Authors: Sisse Olsen, Graham Neale
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Must be improved to reduce basic errors in clinical care 

Throughout the developed world, direct observation and reviews of patients' records reveal basic errors in the care of patients. A recent study from France showed that the oft quoted figure of 10% of adverse events arising from health care in hospitals is probably an underestimate.1 How can clinical leaders help to solve these problems?

The first task for clinical leaders must be to make doctors and nurses aware of such errors and to teach them to understand the contributory factors. In the United Kingdom's NHS, all too often there is insufficient contribution to acute care from experienced and fully trained staff. This is exemplified by a study that showed a fourfold difference in mortality from major general surgical procedures undertaken in a British hospital compared with surgical mortality in a US counterpart,2 and by another study that found that shortfalls in medical care contributed to 25 of 200 deaths occurring from illnesses requiring emergency medical admission to hospital.3

The fact that junior doctors are often stretched beyond their capabilities is underlined by the recent report …
What are the responsible factors of the development of diabetes mellitus in chronic liver disease?
Authors: S. Kaymakoǧlu, Z. Durakoǧlu, K. Demir, Y. Cakaloǧlu, İ. Satman, K. Karsidaǧ, D. Dincer, İ. Tuncer, F. Besisik, S. Özdil, G. Boztas, Z. Mungan, A. Ökten
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Loss of cyclin A and G1-cell cycle arrest are a prerequisite of ceramide-induced toxicity in human arterial endothelial cells
Authors: Ioakim Spyridopoulos, Petra Mayer, Kerida S. Shook, Dorothea I. Axel, Richard Viebahn, Karl R. Karsch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Background: Ceramide is an important messenger of TNF- and lipid-induced apoptosis. We previously demonstrated the adverse effect of TNF in the process of reendothelialization as well as the dependence of its effect on cell-cycle regulation. The current study was designed to investigate the linkage between ceramide induced toxicity and growth arrest in human endothelial cells. Methods and results: Cultured human arterial endothelial cells (HAEC) served as an in-vitro model to test the cellular effects of C2-ceramide (C2). C2-induced cell death in HAECs occurred time- and dose-dependently. The LD50 in subconfluent cells was three times lower than in confluent cell layers (25 vs. 75 μM). C2 caused up to 70% inhibition of BrdU and [3H]thymidine incorporation at non-toxic concentrations as a result of G1 cell-cycle arrest. Downregulation of cyclin A and p21Cip1/Waf1 protein expression was observed independently of C2-toxicity, while expression of other cell-cycle regulatory genes was not affected. Inhibition of cyclin A protein expression by sequence-specific antisense-oligonucleotides was paralleled by significant growth-inhibition. The protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid induced endothelial cell proliferation, which was completely abrogated by C2. In contrast, aphidicolin-synchronized endothelial cells demonstrated elevated cyclin A levels along with 30% higher BrdU-incorporation and 70% less C2-toxicity. G1-arrested cells, however, showed significantly enhanced C2-toxicity, lack of cyclin A expression and induction of uncleaved caspase-3 (CPP32). Conclusions: Ceramide abrogates endothelial cell proliferation independently of apoptosis or necrosis at low concentrations (≤10 μM) through loss of cyclin A expression with subsequent G1 cell-cycle arrest. Synchronization of HAECs in S-phase with aphidicolin overcomes C2-induced G1-arrest and partially blocks ceramide toxicity. These findings demonstrate the dependence of ceramide toxicity on cell cycle regulation, suggesting a strong bidirectional relationship between cell-cycle control and cell death in vessel biology.
THE DRINK HABIT.
Authors: W. C. HOWLE
Journal: JAMA (1892)

In discussing the above subject I start out with these propositions: 1, That any ailment which can be cured by moral suasion, religious enthusiasm or simple will power can not be organic in origin. 2, That the drink babit is curable by the above methods. 3, The drink habit is not primarily a disease of any organ. 4, That organic troubles are results and not causes of the habit. There is much being written on alcoholism and there seems a universal idea that the habit is not merely habit, but is indeed and in truth a disease. Now, if alcoholism is a disease, how does the individual who has it get well without any treatment? We are told by the wise ones that alcoholism is hereditary; now, can any hereditary disease be cured without treatment? If so, which one. Of course there are many diseases that get well without treatment,
Monitoring lithium treatment.
Authors: S. Rowlands
Journal: BMJ (1992)

useful quick test of functional iron deficiency, but we agree with Macdougall and colleagues that further studies are required.Meanwhile, adequate oral supplements (about 300 mg/day of elemental iron) should be given; parenteral iron, with its attendant problems, should be reserved for those who cannot, or will not, take oral iron.The serum ferritin concentration should be measured monthly until the target haemoglobin concentration is achieved, followed by estimations every two to three months thereafter.
THE ANAMNESIS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: WILLIAM BRADY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Kernig sign, there were no signs of meningitis.There were, however, a slight erythema and a tache cérébrale, often seen in tuberculous meningitis, over the face and body.The bowels were open.From now on, for the next three days, there was a slight headache, some constipation and irregular pulse, after which the patient was in comparatively good health.February 28, he experienced severe abdominal pain and vomiting.The temperature was 102, and the pulse 110, being irregular.The abdomen was very rigid and tender, as in peritonitis.These symptoms and signs persisted twenty hours, after which they subsided.The urine contained no sugar nor fat.There were no other metabolic changes present to confirm the suspicion of an acute pancreatitis.From now on the patient made an uneventful recovery.The report on the spinal fluid, made by Dr. Josephine B. Neal of the laboratory of the department of health of New York City, was : Ten c.c. opalescent fluid.Cytology, 99 per cent.Mononuclears, great increase.Bacteriology : Spread appar¬ ently negative.Culture, negative.Albumin -\-hi.Globulin + + 1. Fehling's + + +.Case 2.-H.S., a girl, aged 9 years, was bright, nervous and undersized.Her parents were of nervous temperament.She was fed by bottle from the first month.She had had measles three years previously.February 24, she had a mild parotitis on the left side.The temperature was 101 F. The parotid gland was normal after two days.There was no fever after the second day.February 28, intense prostration occurred with headache, vomiting and constipation of twelve hours' duration.There was a rigidity of the neck and spine, also a scaphoid abdomen and a slight Kernig sign.The temperature was 99, the pulse was 110 and irregular, and the respiration 20.These symptoms and signs were present for the next four days, progressively improving.The gastro-intestinal symp¬ toms disappeared first.The irregular pulse persisted for three weeks after the first appearance of the meningitis.Case 3.-M.S., a girl aged 5 years, was bright and under¬ sized.The parents were neurotic.She had been fed by bottle after the fourth month.She had had measles two years previous to the date of consultation, and lobar pneu¬ monia with meningismus eight months previous.March 5, 1918, a bilateral parotitis, moderately severe, appeared.The temperature was 102.March 9, a severe headache set in, with vomiting and con¬ stipation, marked irritability and insomnia.The tempera¬ ture, pulse and respiration were normal.The abdomen was retracted.There was a slight rigidity of the neck, with increased knee jerks, and a left Kernig sign was present.The following day, the symptoms and signs were the same, but there was greater prostration.From now on, the patient progressively improved, except during a recurrence of the parotitis on both sides, March 11.COMMENT
Statin Adherence and Risk of Accidents
Authors: Colin R. Dormuth, Amanda R. Patrick, William H. Shrank, James M. Wright, Robert J. Glynn, Jenny Sutherland, M. Alan Brookhart
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Bias in studies of preventive medications can occur when healthier patients are more likely to initiate and adhere to therapy than less healthy patients. We sought evidence of this bias by examining associations between statin exposure and various outcomes that should not be causally affected by statin exposure, such as workplace and motor vehicle accidents.We conducted a prospective cohort study of statin patients using data from British Columbia, Canada, a multiethnic society with a population of 4.3 million people. Study subjects were 141 086 patients who initiated statins for primary prevention. We examined the association between adherence and multiple outcomes such as accidents and screening procedures using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. The study population was 49% female and had an average age of 61 years. The results from our multivariable-adjusted models showed that more adherent patients were less likely to have accidents than less adherent patients. This effect was greatest for motor vehicle accidents (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.79) and workplace accidents (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.81). More adherent patients had a greater likelihood of using screening services (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.20) and a lower likelihood of developing other diseases likely to be unrelated to a biological affect of a statin (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 0.89).Our study contributes compelling evidence that patients who adhere to statins are systematically more health seeking than comparable patients who do not remain adherent. Caution is warranted when interpreting analyses that attribute surprising protective effects to preventive medications.
LOW CHOLESTEROL AND PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS SUBCLASSES IN SUBJECTS WITH CORONARY CALCIUM SCORE ABOVE THE 75TH PERCENTILE FOR AGE AND GENDER
Authors: Oscar Pérez-Méndez, Cynthia García-Sánchez, Carlos Posadas Romero, Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Prognostic Value of the Six-Minute Walk in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Goulnar Kasymjanova, José A. Correa, Harvey Kreisman, Esther Dajczman, Carmela Pepe, Sarah Dobson, Lucie Lajeunesse, Rajesh Sharma, David Small
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Correlative Imaging in Parathyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: Wai Yin Wong, Hee Kit Lai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Tc-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) is the commonest radiopharmaceutical used for parathyroid scintigraphy (PS). Thyroid adenomas are a well-known cause of false-positive results, underscoring the importance of performing correlative thyroid ultrasound imaging in all patients. Tc-99m MIBI is taken up by a variety of tumors and meticulous scrutiny for uptake outside the normal tracer biodistribution may yield important diagnoses. The incidental detection of various tumors on Tc-99m MIBI PS have been reported. We describe a case of an occult de novo breast cancer found incidentally in a patient with a false-positive PS result.
Association Between Period of Gestation and Length of Menstrual Cycle
Authors: T. McKeown, J. R. Gibson, T. Dougray
Journal: BMJ (1953)

It has often been hypothesized that the period of gestation in man may be a multiple of the length of the menstrual cycle.  This possibility is suggested because experimental evidence in animals and man has shown cyclic activity in the ovary during pregnancy.  A study was done using data on the period of amenorrhea and the length of the cycle for 716 mothers who delivered in 1949 and 1950 in Birmingham England.  The shortest mean length of cycle was 23 days for 6 women and 45 days for 1 woman.  When the mean length of cycle was recalculated excluding cycles whose lengths were judged to be inconsistent there was a straight line correlation between mean cycle length and period of amenorrhea during pregnancy.  The data indicate that the period of amenorrhea increases by about a day for each additional day in the length of the cycle.  It is fairly common knowledge that the length of the postovulatory phase is fairly constant in all women being about 14 days.  The variation in length of cycle is due to variation in the preovulatory phase.  Therefore findings of this study are restated: the variation in the period of amenorrhea according to the length of the menstrual cycle is probably determined by variation in the interval between the onset on menstruation and ovulation.
Electrophysiological End Point for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Initiated From Multiple Pulmonary Venous Foci
Authors: Michel Haïssaguerre, Pierre Jaïs, Dipen C. Shah, Stéphane Garrigue, Atsushi Takahashi, Thomas Lavergne, Mélèze Hocini, Jing Tian Peng, Raymond Roudaut, Jacques Clémenty
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The end point for catheter ablation of pulmonary vein (PV) foci initiating atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been determined.Ninety patients underwent mapping during spontaneous or induced ectopy and/or AF initiation. Ostial PV ablation was performed by use of angiograms to precisely define targeted sites. Success defined by elimination of AF without drugs was correlated with the procedural end point of the abolition of distal PV potentials. A total of 197 arrhythmogenic PV foci (97%)-single in 31% and multiple in 69%-and 6 atrial foci were identified. A discrete radiofrequency (RF) application eliminated the PV potentials in 9 PV foci, whereas 2 foci from the same PV required RF applications at separate sites in 19 cases. In others, a wider region was targeted with progressive elimination of ectopy. In 49 patients, multiple sessions were necessary owing to recurrent or new ectopy. The clinical success rates were 93%, 73%, and 55% in patients with 1, 2, and > or =3 arrhythmogenic PV foci. Recovery of local PV potential and the inability to abolish it were significantly associated with AF recurrences (90% success rate with versus 55% without PV potential abolition). PV stenosis was noted acutely in 5 of 6 cases, remained unchanged at restudy, and was associated with RF power >45 W.Multiple PV foci are involved in initiation of AF, and elimination of PV muscle conduction is associated with clinical success.
US internists call for public health approach to gun violence in US
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Summary</h3> Understanding neural circuits requires deciphering interactions among myriad cell types defined by spatial organization, connectivity, gene expression, and other properties. Resolving these cell types requires both single neuron resolution and high throughput, a challenging combination with conventional methods. Here we introduce BARseq, a multiplexed method based on RNA barcoding for mapping projections of thousands of spatially resolved neurons in a single brain, and relating those projections to other properties such as gene or Cre expression. Mapping the projections to 11 areas of 3579 neurons in mouse auditory cortex using BARseq confirmed the laminar organization of the three top classes (IT, PT-like and CT) of projection neurons. In depth analysis uncovered a novel projection type restricted almost exclusively to transcriptionally-defined subtypes of IT neurons. By bridging anatomical and transcriptomic approaches at cellular resolution with high throughput, BARseq can potentially uncover the organizing principles underlying the structure and formation of neural circuits.
PWE-108 Factors Influencing The Management Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease In Primary Care
Authors: SA James, CR May, M Simon, JF Cummings
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Between 30–70% of United Kingdom (UK) adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are managed solely by their General Practitioner (GP).<sup>1,2</sup> There is, however, limited knowledge as to how UK GPs manage this patient group and whether GP-led care meets IBD Standards.<sup>3</sup> This study aimed to identify factors influencing long-term follow-up of adults with IBD by GPs; achieved through examining GPs’ knowledge and management of IBD, including exploration of future IBD-care models. <h3>Methods</h3> A non-probability, convenience sample of 34 Senior Partner GPs and 130 Colleague GPs was recruited from 37 surgeries within Southampton City Primary Care Trust. Pre-piloted, closed and open-response e-questionnaires were administered to GPs asking questions on demographics, epidemiology, knowledge and management of IBD. Univariate and bivariate descriptive analyses with 90% confidence intervals were utilised. Conventional content analysis was applied to open question responses. <h3>Results</h3> Cumulative questionnaire response rate was 50% (n = 82/164); 58% of GPs were male, with 19 mean years (SD 9.10) practicing medicine and 13 (SD 9.41) as a GP. Estimated IBD prevalence was 471:100,000. General Practitioners consulted with 2.8 adult patients (0.7%/total patients) with IBD/month and 59% independently managed those with established IBD. Short consultation times, insufficient knowledge and confidence in managing IBD and inadequate finances were identified as detrimental to GPs independently managing this patient group. Shared-care with hospital IBD services was preferred (82%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A high proportion of adults with stable IBD are being managed solely by GPs. General Practitioners’ lack of knowledge, confidence and resources in caring for patients with IBD inevitably occurs when managing an infrequently seen chronic condition; raising clinical governance concerns. Low exposure to this patient group questions cost-effectiveness of measures to improve GPs’ knowledge-base. Findings support a shared-care approach between primary and secondary care; meeting the long-term health needs of adults with IBD. <h3>References</h3> Rubin GP, Hungin AP, Kelly PJ, Ling J. Inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology and management in an English general practice population.<i> Alim Pharmacol Ther 2000</i>;14(12):1553–59 Stone MA, Mayberry JF, Baker R. Prevalence and management of inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study from central England. Eur <i>J Gastroenterol Hepatol</i>. 2003;15(12):1275–80 The IBD Standards Group. <i>Standards for the healthcare of people who have Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). IBD Standards. </i>2013<i> Update.</i> Brighton: Oyster Healthcare Communications Ltd 2013 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Where Did the Mass Go?
Authors: JAYESH K. HARI, HEE-MYUNG PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 50-year-old man underwent routine cholescintigraphy with Tc-99m choletec for chronic abdominal pain. The cholescintigrams showed a large photopenic defect within the gallbladder suggesting an intraluminal mass. Sonography of the gallbladder revealed a normal gallbladder, and no intraluminal masses, gallstones, or sludge. These findings can be explained by nonuniform mixing of old and new bile.
Tc-99m MIBI SPECT in the Assessment of Myocardial Reperfusion after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: PAULO A. CARVALHO, VLADIMIR I. VEKSHTEIN, SABAH S. TUMEH, GEORGE ALAJAJI, JAMES S. NAGEL, JAMES KIRSHENBAUM, WILLIAM C. DeSISTO, B LEONARD HOLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Tc-99m MIBI SPECT was used to assess the early benefits of successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in nine consecutive patients. SPECT stress studies were done by artificial cardiac pacing just prior to PTCA and 16–20 hours later, with perfusion images obtained 2–3 hours after pacing stress and Tc-99m MIBI injection. Angiographic restenosis was demonstrated in three patients at a later date, and all of these showed no significant improvement on the perfusion study after PTCA. All four patients asymptomatic at 7 months following PTCA had an average 15% improvement in segmental perfusion after the procedure. In two patients symptomatic after PTCA, one showed angio-graphic patency and had >15% improvement in perfusion, while the second showed no scintigraphic improvement (no angiographic data obtained). This preliminary study suggests that Tc-99m MIBI is an important adjunct to angiography in estimating the amount of myocardium “at risk” before and after PTCA.
SUBCUTANEOUS ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA
Authors: G. C. WELLS, I. W. WHIMSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article SUBCUTANEOUS ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA Get access G. C. WELLS, G. C. WELLS St. Thomas's Hospital and St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. W. WHIMSTER I. W. WHIMSTER St. Thomas's Hospital and St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 January 1969, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15914.x Published: 01 January 1969 Article history Accepted: 28 June 1968 Published: 01 January 1969
Medico-Chirurgical Transactions
Authors: ALLAN B. KIRSNER, ROBERT P. SHEON
Journal: Circulation (1970)

A cluster of papers, important to the history of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery, that were published in volume 1 of Medico-Chirurgical Transactions (1809), are discussed. These include articles by Sir Astley Cooper on ligature of the common carotid artery for aneurysm, John Abernethy on mitral stenosis, and Sir David Dundas on acute rheumatic carditis.