tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UN expert calls for shift in focus of help from camps to reconstruction in Haiti
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The top UN independent expert on internally displaced people has called for a shift in focus of humanitarian operations in Haiti from the temporary camps set up since the earthquake to the reconstruction of the country’s slum areas.

“That way, the entire affected population has equal access in accordance with needs, and people are not drawn into unsustainable camps,” said Walter Kalin, the UN secretary general’s representative on the human rights of internally displaced persons, after an assessment mission to Haiti.

Professor Kalin was speaking near the beginning of the cholera outbreak, which, by Tuesday, as the BMJ went to press, had killed more than 250 people ( BMJ 2010;341:c6057, doi:10.1136/bmj.c6057). …
Time to end the distinction between mental and neurological illnesses
Authors: P. D. White, H. Rickards, A. Z. J. Zeman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Mental and neurological conditions are classified in different chapters of diagnostic manuals. <b>P D White</b>, <b>H Rickards</b>, and <b>A Z J Zeman</b> argue that this distinction is inconsistent with current scientific understanding and that the conditions should be grouped together as disorders of the nervous system
VI. Medical Education: The AMA Surveys the Problems
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

When the National Medical Convention met in 1846, a major concern was the low state of medical education. "We believe from the complaints which spring from almost every quarter, that lamentable deficiencies do exist, and that these deficiencies should be corrected."<sup>1</sup>The convention then adopted the time-honored mode of appointing committees to analyze specific aspects and make recommendations. To understand the proffered comments and recommendations, we must have a broad view of the problems and of the way these developed. The National Medical Association—to become the American Medical Association the following year—came into existence during a transitional period in American culture. Old modes of medical education, adequate for an earlier period, could no longer adapt satisfactorily to changing needs. The older apprentice training had to be replaced by something better, but new procedures would develop slowly and painfully, inevitably with many false turnings. In, say, 1800, the ideal apprenticeship
SOME BLOOD CULTURES IN CHILDREN AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE.
Authors: THOMAS MORGAN ROTCH
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Although blood cultures in the living have for some time been extensively employed, and have assumed the position of an important modern diagnostic measure, yet very little has been done in this direction in early life, in cases in which the blood has been obtained and examined by modern technic. The earlier methods of procuring the blood, as by puncture of the ear or the finger, have proved to be so unreliable from contamination that such reports as that of Delestre's series of 40 cases of children under four years of age, and in which the blood was obtained from the ear in which bacteria were found in 14 cases, are of little value in the light of modern investigation. Although Hektoen has reported blood cultures in 9 cases of scarlet fever in children, and Somers has reported streptococci in the blood of an infant six months old during a
PM-16 * AN ANIMAL MODEL OF 17p DELETION IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: J. Peacock, A. Bagchi, S. Egan, M. Taylor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor with an incidence of 0.5-0.8/100,000 children. Up to 40% of tumors have chromosome 17p deletions and 17q duplications, usually in the context of isochromosome 17q (i17q). The high frequency of i17q in medulloblastoma is hypothesized to be secondary to a role in tumor initiation and progression. To test this hypothesis we have chromosome engineered ‘17p’ deletions and ‘17q’duplications in the syntenic region of mouse chromosome 11 to evaluate the role of chromosome 17 aberrations in medulloblastoma. METHOD: The Mutagenic Insertion and Chromosome Engineering Resource (MICER) was used to chromosome engineer ‘17p’ deletions and ‘17q’ duplications. loxP sites were sequentially targeted to sites flanking the syntenic 17p or 17q region of mouse chromosome 11. Cre-recombinase deleted or duplicated the chromosome 17 target regions in mouse ES cells and recombinant clones were isolated with HAT selection. Florescent In-situ Hybridization confirmed the 18 megabase deletion of ‘17p’ and the 45 megabase duplication of 17q from mouse ES cells. Mice with Cre inducible floxed (Cis) alleles or constitutive deletion/duplication (Trans) alleles were generated. RESULTS: Chimeric founder mice with constitutive deletion/duplication (Trans) alleles were generated from mouse ES cells for both‘17p’ and ‘17q’. Offspring inherited either the desired ‘17p’ deletion allele or a ‘17p’ duplication allele. However, experimentally only ‘17p’ duplication pups were born, indicating the constitutive ‘17p’ deletion and ‘17q’ deletion/duplication alleles are likely embryonic lethal. Conditional 17p-Cis deletion mice have been bred to Nestin-cre/Ptc + /−, these mice develop medulloblastoma harboring the 18 Mbp chromosome ‘17p’ equivalent deletion in 15% of tumours. CONCLUSION: Herein we have generated a sporadic and faithful murine model of the most common cytogenetic aberration present in human medulloblastoma. This model will serve as an invaluable tool for further biological discovery and therapeutic modeling of most cases of high risk medulloblastoma.
Abstract 2694: The impact of curcumin plus docetaxel on neuroendocrine features, or not, in castration-resistant prostate cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Eloïse Planchat, Jean-Christophe Eymard, Hervé Curé, Xavier Durando, Chantal Barthomeuf, Emilie Gadéa, Catherine Abrial, Emilie Thivat, Philippe Chollet, Hakim Mahammedi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background &amp;Aims: Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from Curcuma Longa is known for his anti-cancer activity and may exert synergic effects with cytotoxic agents. In parallel, neuroendocrine differentiation in castration-resistant prostate cancer provides an aggressive phenotype to disease. In this prospective phase II study, we assessed the impact of a new combination, docetaxel plus curcumin, in patients with or without neuroendocrine features. Methods: In this phase II study, thirty patients received docetaxel 75 mg/m*2 (perfusion given every 3 weeks) in combination with curcumin orally at 6 g/day (day-4 to day+2 of docetaxel). Neuroendocrine features were determined by serum chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase, before each cycle. Variations were divided in 3 groups: an increase &amp;gt; 25%, a decrease of 50% or greater and stability. Treatment response were measured by PSA &amp;gt;50% decrease (PSA response) and objective response rate on evaluable metastatic lesions. Results: Initially, 53% of patients had an elevated chromogranin A and 33% an elevated neuron-specific enolase. During treatment, 7% performed a &amp;gt; 50% chromogranin A decrease and 30% a neuron-specific enolase decrease. PSA response was observed in 59% of patients and 40% out of patients with evaluable targets had a partial response. PSA and objective response rate were identical whatever neuroendocrine feature. A positive correlation was found between chromogranin A and PSA, age, weight and palliative radiotherapy. Conversely, neuron-specific enolase was negatively correlated with PSA and patients'age. Conclusions: Curcumin and docetaxel had a global action on tumors with or without neuroendocrine features. Chromogranin A was the best neuroendocrine marker in correlation with clinical parameters. This association delivered then remarkable results on neuroendocrine differentiation of castration-resistant prostate cancer, in comparison with pivotal study data with docetaxel alone (TAX 327). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2694. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2694
L6 cells as a tissue culture model for thyroid hormone effects on skeletal muscle metabolism.
Authors: R J Koenig, R J Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

L6 cells have been investigated as a potential tissue culture model for the study of thyroid hormone effects on skeletal muscle metabolism. Differentiated L6 myotubes contained high-affinity triiodothyronine (T3) receptors with a Kd of 3 X 10(-10) M and a maximal binding capacity of 24 fmol T3/100 micrograms DNA. Undifferentiated cells contained receptors with the same Kd, but the binding capacity was reduced by at least a factor of three. Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle calcium pumping was demonstrated in L6 cell homogenates. The Vmax for calcium pumping was increased 2.5-fold when T3 was present in the culture medium, but the Kd was unchanged. L6 cells contained high affinity thyroid hormone receptors and were thyroid hormone responsive. These cells may be useful as a tissue culture model for studying the effects of thyroid hormones on skeletal muscle metabolism. In addition, the increase in T3 receptor number with the differentiated state suggests this as a model system for studying regulation of T3 receptor number and the role of T3 in the induction or maintenance of the differentiated state.
Carbon monoxide enhances early liver regeneration in mice after hepatectomy
Authors: Kaori Kuramitsu, David Gallo, Myunghee Yoon, Beek Y. Chin, Eva Csizmadia, Douglas W. Hanto, Leo E. Otterbein
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatocyte proliferation early after liver resection is critical in restoring liver mass and preserving function as the liver regenerates. Carbon monoxide (CO) generated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) strongly influences cellular proliferation and both HO-1 and CO are accepted hepatoprotective molecules. Mice lacking functional HO-1 were unable to mount an appropriate regenerative response following partial hepatectomy (PHTx) compared to wildtype controls. We therefore hypothesized that exogenous administration of CO at low, nontoxic concentrations would modulate hepatocyte (HC) proliferation and liver regeneration. Animals treated with a low concentration of CO 1 hour prior to 70% hepatectomy demonstrated enhanced expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the liver compared to controls that correlated with a more rapid onset of HC proliferation as measured by phospho-histone3 staining, increased expression of cyclins D1 and E, phosphorylated retinoblastoma, and decreased expression of the mitotic inhibitor p21. PHTx also increased activation of the HGF receptor c-Met, which was detected more then 9 hours earlier in the livers of CO-treated mice. Blockade of c-Met resulted in abrogation of the CO effects on HC proliferation. Corresponding with increased HC proliferation, treatment with CO maintained liver function with normal prothrombin times versus a 2-fold prolongation in controls. In a lethal 85% PHTx, CO-treated mice showed a greater survival rate compared to controls. In vitro, CO increased HGF expression in hepatic stellate cells, but not HC, and when cocultured together led to increased HC proliferation. In summary, we demonstrate that administration of exogenous CO enhances rapid and early HC proliferation and, importantly, preserves function following PHTx. Taken together, CO may offer a viable therapeutic option to facilitate rapid recovery following PHTx.
Free oxygen radicals contribute to platelet aggregation and cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured canine coronary arteries
Authors: Hisao Ikeda, Yoshinori Koga, Tameo Oda, Kazunori Kuwano, Hiroshi Nakayama, Takafumi Ueno, Hironori Toshima, Lloyd H. Michael, Mark L. Entman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Features and Outcomes of Classic Heat Stroke
Authors: Corey M. Slovis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters6 April 1999Features and Outcomes of Classic Heat StrokeCorey M. Slovis, MDCorey M. Slovis, MDVanderbilt Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232-4700 (Slovis)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-7-199904060-00009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dematte and colleagues (1) point out that only 1 of their 58 patients was cooled rapidly. Unfortunately, in their review of cooling methods, they do not mention the easiest, quickest, and safest way to rapidly reduce a heat stroke victim's core temperature. The only methods they describe as “the accepted methods of cooling” are the use of body cooling units or immersion in cold or ice water.Body cooling units, although effective, are expensive and rare. Placing a critically ill patient in a tub of water or ice can be dangerous and makes care more complicated. It ...References1. Dematte JE, O'Mara K, Buescher J, Whitney CG, Forsythe S, McNamee T, et al . Near-fatal heat stroke during the 1995 heat wave in Chicago. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:173-81. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Tek D, Olshaker JS. Heat illness. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1992;10:299-310. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Weiner JS, Khogali M. A physiological body-cooling unit for treatment of heat stroke. Lancet. 1980;1:507-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Graham BS, Lichtenstein MJ, Hinson JM, Theil GB. Nonexertional heatstroke: physiologic management and cooling in 14 patients. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:87-90. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Slovis CM. Heat stroke. In: Hurst JW, ed. Medicine for the Practicing Physician. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1996:1967-72. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Corey M. Slovis, MDAffiliations: Vanderbilt Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232-4700 (Slovis) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoNear-Fatal Heat Stroke during the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago Jane E. Dematte , Karen O'Mara , Jennifer Buescher , Cynthia G. Whitney , Sean Forsythe , Turi McNamee , Raghavendra B. Adiga , and I. Maurice Ndukwu Metrics Cited byHeat‐related illnessExpert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of heat stroke in ChinaAcute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy in exertional heat strokeHeat-related illnessHeat InjurySemeiologia e orientamento diagnostico delle encefalopatie dell’adultoSémiologie et orientation diagnostique des encéphalopathies de l'adulteClinical Management of Heat-Related IllnessesHeat InjuryHeat StrokeHeat stroke: implications for critical care and anaesthesia 6 April 1999Volume 130, Issue 7Page: 614KeywordsElectrocardiographyEmergency departmentRacial and ethnic issuesStrokeTemperature ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 April 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Vitamin D deficiency after vagotomy.
Authors: V Fonseca, S Houlder, M Thomas, R M Kirk, P Dandona
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Etude chez 8 malades apres vagotomie tronculaire et 14 apres vagotomie hautement selective, pour ulcere duodenal. Les concentrations seriques de vitamine D sont nettement diminuees, plus fortement dans le groupe des vagotomies tronculaires (duree du recul: 4 a 5 ans en moyenne)
Radiation to Stromal Fibroblasts Increases Invasiveness of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Tumor-Stromal Interactions
Authors: Kenoki Ohuchida, Kazuhiro Mizumoto, Mitsuhiko Murakami, Li-Wu Qian, Norihiro Sato, Eishi Nagai, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Masao Tanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Radiotherapy represents a major treatment option for patients with pancreatic cancer, but recent evidence suggests that radiation can promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Interactions between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells may play an important role in aggressive tumor progression. In the present study, we investigated the invasive phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells in response to coculture with irradiated fibroblasts. Using in vitro invasion assay, we demonstrated that coculture with nonirradiated fibroblasts significantly increased the invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells and, surprisingly, the increased invasiveness was further accelerated when they were cocultured with irradiated fibroblasts. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion from fibroblasts remained unchanged after irradiation, whereas exposure of pancreatic cancer cells to supernatant from irradiated fibroblasts resulted in increased phosphorylation of c-Met (HGF receptor) and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, possibly or partially via increased expression of c-Met. We also demonstrated that scattering of pancreatic cancer cells was accelerated by the supernatant from irradiated fibroblasts. The enhanced invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells induced by coculture with irradiated fibroblasts was completely blocked by NK4, a specific antagonist of HGF. These data suggest that invasive potential of certain pancreatic cancer cells is enhanced by soluble mediator(s) released from irradiated fibroblasts possibly through up-regulation of c-Met expression/phosphorylation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in pancreatic cancer cells. Our present findings further support the potential use of NK4 during radiotherapy for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Factor VIIa bound to endothelial cell protein C receptor activates protease activated receptor-1 and mediates cell signaling and barrier protection
Authors: Prosenjit Sen, Ramakrishnan Gopalakrishnan, Hema Kothari, Shiva Keshava, Curtis A. Clark, Charles T. Esmon, Usha R. Pendurthi, L. Vijaya Mohan Rao
Journal: Blood (2011)
Silicone Lymphadenopathy and Synovitis
Authors: Adrian J. Christie
Journal: JAMA (1977)

We report two complications of silicone elastomer finger joint prostheses. In one patient, the prostheses broke, with silicone particles present in synovium ("detritic synovitis"). In another patient, silicone particles were found in an axillary lymph node five years after insertion of prostheses in the ipsilateral hand (prostheses were intact at the time). Microscopically, silicone particles in synovium and lymph node were identical to particles abraded from a new prosthesis.
Sleep-disordered Breathing in Hispanic/Latino Individuals of Diverse Backgrounds. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Susan Redline, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Jose Loredo, Martica Hall, Sanjay R. Patel, Alberto Ramos, Neomi Shah, Andrew Ries, Raanan Arens, Janice Barnhart, Marston Youngblood, Phyllis Zee, Martha L. Daviglus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<MethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
A Primer on the Precision and Accuracy of the Clinical Examination
Authors: David L. Sackett
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THIS background paper will introduce and explain the terms and concepts that are being employed in the series of overviews on the rational clinical examination that begins in this issue ofTHE Journal. It includes definitions and explanations of certain key concepts, clinical examples, guides for reading clinical journals about a diagnostic test, and a blank "working table" that you can use to apply the concepts on your own. Accordingly, you may want to clip all or part of this and keep it handy as you read the overviews in this and subsequent issues. See also pp 2645 and 2650. Later background papers in this series will discuss selected issues in the precision and accuracy of the clinical examination in greater detail, or extend them to more complex diagnostic situations (readers who are impatient for these extensions can read about them now<sup>1</sup>). Of course, the precision and accuracy of
Engineering Mucosal RNA Interference in Vivo
Authors: Yingjie Zhang, Patricia Cristofaro, Rebecca Silbermann, Oliver Pusch, Daniel Boden, Tamako Konkin, Virginia Hovanesian, Paul R. Monfils, Murray Resnick, Steven F. Moss, Bharat Ramratnam
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Mucosal surfaces serve as a gateway to disease. Here, we demonstrate that RNA interference can be used to manipulate mucosal gene expression in vivo. Using a murine model, we show that direct application of liposome-complexed siRNA mediates gene-specific silencing in cervicovaginal and rectal mucosa. A single vaginal or rectal administration of siRNA targeting hematopoietic or somatic cell gene products reduced corresponding mRNA levels by up to 90%. Using a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease, we found that the rectal application of siRNA targeting TNF-alpha led to relative mucosal resistance to experimental colitis. Liposomal siRNA formulations proved nontoxic, did not elicit a nonspecific interferon response, and provide a means for genetic engineering of mucosal surfaces in vivo.
Arterial and venous angiotensin II in normal subjects. Relation to plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration, and response to posture and volume changes.
Authors: W G Walker, M A Moore, J S Horvath, P K Whelton
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Plasma renin activity, arterial and venous angiotensin II (A II) concentrations, and plasma aldosterone concentration were measured in 16 normal subjects (mean age = 34 years) after 8 hours of recumbency, following 2 hours of ambulation, and again 30 minutes after administration of furosemide intravenously. Measurements were obtained during periods of sodium restriction and again during sodium surfeit. Both arterial and venous A II exhibited a 3-fold increase from low values of 8.8 +/- 2.5 and 8.6 +/- 2.5 pg/ml of plasma, respectively, during recumbency on high sodium intake to values of 23.9 +/- 4.1 and 26.5 +/- 6.2 pg/ml, respectively, following intravenous furosemide during sodium restriction. Corresponding values for aldosterone exhibited a 5-fold rise from 5.6 ng/100 ml to 32.0 ng/100 ml, whereas plasma renin activity (PRA) measured by an in vitro assay exhibited a 20-fold rise from 0.6 +/- 0.2 ng of angiotensin I (AI) generated per ml per hour to 13.1 ng/ml per hour. Despite the disparity in the magnitude of these increases, significant correlations were identified between all four of the measured parameters, indicating a major role of the renin-angiotensin system in regulating aldosterone output in response to volume and posture-related stimuli. Values of arterial and venous immunoreactive A II were closely correlated ( r = +0.72, P less than 0.005), but significant differences were demonstrated between low and high salt periods, suggesting that changes in metabolism of A II in the peripheral circulation may occur during sodium restriction.
A Large Whale Heart
Authors: GEORGE J. RACE, W. L. JACK EDWARDS, E. R. HALDEN, HUGH E. WILSON, FRANCIS J. LUIBEL
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A large whale heart weighing 256 pounds (116 Kg.) was dissected. The coronary arteries had extremely large right and left marginal branches, which supplied the major lateral mass of the right and left ventricles. The venous system was similar to other mammals. Crude ventricular volume and cardiac output was calculated to be 453 L. per minute based on a rate of 10 per minute. The size of the cardiac muscle fiber was similar to the human myocardium except in a fetal whale heart (wt. 1,600 Gm.) in which very small fibers were found. The aorta was found to be 20 cm. in diameter and the wall to consist of very large interwoven bundles of elastie tissue and fibrous tissue apparently devoid of muscle. There was no evidence of arteriosclerosis. Comparative estimated cardiac output/body weight ratios and heart weight/body weight ratios were made between the whale and the human.
MYOCARDIAL SYSTOLIC DEFORMATION AND TORSION ASSESSED BY SPECKLE TRACKING FOR EARLY DETECTION OF EPIRUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Maria Florescu, Stefania Magda, Oana Aurelia Enescu, Dan Jinga, Mircea Cinteza, Dragos Vinereanu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)