tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Methods for Drug Delivery
Authors: Paul T. Kefalides
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Currents15 June 1998New Methods for Drug DeliveryPaul T. Kefalides, MDPaul T. Kefalides, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail As scientists in academia and industry invent new ways to give medicines to patients, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are promising to develop drugs of the future that are better targeted to a patient's disease and can be more easily administered. A selection of patches, nasal sprays, pumps, liposomes, and viral vectors is now making its way through the pharmaceutical pipeline, and these various technologies may soon render the “spoonful of sugar” obsolete.To make drug delivery needle-free, researchers have found ways to bypass drug absorption barriers in the skin and mucosa. Key advances in chemical formulation have enabled the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFormulation of Therapeutic Proteins: Strategies for Developing Oral Protein FormulationsChapter 2: Nanostructure‒Mediated Drug DeliveryNiosomes from glucuronic acid-based surfactant as new carriers for cancer therapy: Preparation, characterization and biological propertiesNanotechnology and carbon nanotubes; A review of potential in drug deliveryEngineering Of Therapeutic ProteinsNanostructure-Mediated Drug DeliveryNanostructure-mediated drug delivery 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1053-1055KeywordsAmphotericinCellsDrug deliveryDrugsGene therapyInsulinInsulin secretionLiposomesLungsToxicity Issue Published: 15 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Emulation of kinesthesia during motor imagery
Authors: Norihiro Sadato, Eiichi Naito
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Illusory kinesthetic sensation was influenced by motor imagery of the wrist following tendon vibration. The imagery and the illusion conditions commonly activated the contralateral cingulate motor area, supplementary motor area, dorsal premotor cortex, and ipsilateral cerebellum. This supports the notion that motor imagery is a mental rehearsal of movement, during which expected kinesthetic sensation is emulated by recruiting multiple motor areas, commonly activated by pure kinesthesia.
Effect of Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening on Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Øyvind Holme, Magnus Løberg, Mette Kalager, Michael Bretthauer, Miguel A. Hernán, Eline Aas, Tor J. Eide, Eva Skovlund, Jørn Schneede, Kjell Magne Tveit, Geir Hoff
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Colorectal cancer is a major health burden. Screening is recommended in many countries.To estimate the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in a population-based trial.Randomized clinical trial of 100,210 individuals aged 50 to 64 years, identified from the population of Oslo city and Telemark County, Norway. Screening was performed in 1999-2000 (55-64-year age group) and in 2001 (50-54-year age group), with follow-up ending December 31, 2011. Of those selected, 1415 were excluded due to prior colorectal cancer, emigration, or death, and 3 could not be traced in the population registry.Participants randomized to the screening group were invited to undergo screening. Within the screening group, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy or combination of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). Participants with positive screening test results (cancer, adenoma, polyp ≥10 mm, or positive FOBT) were offered colonoscopy. The control group received no intervention.Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.A total of 98,792 participants were included in the intention-to-screen analyses, of whom 78,220 comprised the control group and 20,572 comprised the screening group (10,283 randomized to receive a flexible sigmoidoscopy and 10,289 to receive flexible sigmoidoscopy and FOBT). Adherence with screening was 63%. After a median of 10.9 years, 71 participants died of colorectal cancer in the screening group vs 330 in the control group (31.4 vs 43.1 deaths per 100,000 person-years; absolute rate difference, 11.7 [95% CI, 3.0-20.4]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56-0.94]). Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 253 participants in the screening group vs 1086 in the control group (112.6 vs 141.0 cases per 100,000 person-years; absolute rate difference, 28.4 [95% CI, 12.1-44.7]; HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70-0.92]). Colorectal cancer incidence was reduced in both the 50- to 54-year age group (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.94) and the 55- to 64-year age group (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.96). There was no difference between the flexible sigmoidoscopy only vs the flexible sigmoidoscopy and FOBT screening groups.In Norway, once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening or flexible sigmoidoscopy and FOBT reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality on a population level compared with no screening. Screening was effective both in the 50- to 54-year and the 55- to 64-year age groups.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00119912.
Resin Hemoperfusion in Acute Digoxin Intoxication
Authors: George H. Gleeson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Acute intoxication with large amounts of digoxin is associated with an appreciable mortality of 20% to 25% despite good supportive care.<sup>1</sup>Successful management depends on rapid reduction of serum digoxin concentration. Although poorly removed by hemodialysis, digoxin has been shown to be effectively removed experimentally by hemoperfusion over charcoal or lipophilic resins.<sup>2,3</sup> We have successfully used hemoperfusion over a resin (Amberlite XAD-4) to treat a 40-year-old physician who had taken one hundred 0.5-mg digoxin tablets in a suicide attempt three hours before admission. Repeated gastric lavage was performed, and some particulate matter was recovered from the stomach. The initial 12-lead standard ECG showed normal sinus rhythm with first degree atrioventricular (AV) block and ST sagging in V<sub>4</sub>to V<sub>6</sub>; however, continuous monitoring soon showed frequent sinus pauses and slow AV junctional escape beats. Because of the massive amount of digoxin purportedly ingested and
Selective increase of brain lactate synthesis in experimental acute liver failure: Results of a [1H-13C] nuclear magnetic resonance study
Authors: Claudia Zwingmann, Nicolas Chatauret, Dieter Leibfritz, Roger F. Butterworth
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Acute liver failure (ALF) results in alterations of energy metabolites and of glucose-derived amino acid neurotransmitters in brain. However, the dynamics of changes in glucose metabolism remain unclear. The present study was undertaken using 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the rates of incorporation of glucose into amino acids and lactate via cell-specific pathways in relation to the severity of encephalopathy and brain edema in rats with ALF because of hepatic devascularization. Early (precoma) stages of encephalopathy were accompanied by significant 2- to 4.5-fold ( P &lt; .001) increases of total brain glutamine and lactate concentrations. More severe (coma) stages of encephalopathy and brain edema led to a further significant increase in brain lactate but no such increase in glutamine. Furthermore, 13 C isotopomer analysis showed a selective increase of de novo synthesis of lactate from [1- 13 C]glucose resulting in 2.5-fold increased fractional 13 C enrichments in lactate at coma stages. [2- 13 C]glutamine, synthesized through the astrocytic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase, increased 10-fold at precoma stages but showed no further increase at coma stages of encephalopathy. 13 C-label incorporation into [4- 13 C]glutamate, synthesized mainly through neuronal pyruvate dehydrogenase, was selectively reduced at coma stages, whereas brain GABA synthesis was unchanged at all time points. In conclusion, increased brain lactate synthesis and impaired glucose oxidative pathways rather than intracellular glutamine accumulation are the major cause of brain edema in ALF. Future NMR spectroscopic studies using stable isotopes and real-time measurements of metabolic rates could be valuable in the elucidation of the cerebral metabolic consequences of ALF in humans.
Romney's running mate backtracks on plans to slash health insurance cover for older people
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Rationale and objectives</h3> Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is a rare disease with a small number of established occupational aetiologies. We describe a case series of severe OB in workers making glass-reinforced plastics. <h3>Methods</h3> Workplace exposures were the likely cause after the independent diagnosis of OB in two workers laying up the fibreglass hulls of yachts; the second worker took over the job of the first after he left following a lung transplant. Presentation of these two cases at international meetings led to others identifying similar workers. <h3>Main results</h3> We identified six workers with good evidence of OB. All were involved in preparing fibreglass with styrene resins, five as boat builders laying up fibreglass hulls and one during cooling-tower fabrication. The disease came on rapidly without unusual acute exposures. Two patients had lung transplants, while another died while waiting for one. Histology confirmed OB in the four with biopsies/post-mortem examinations or explanted lungs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A rare, potentially fatal disease occurring in six workers laying up fibreglass with styrene resins from five different worksites suggests that work exposures were the cause of their OB. The precise agent responsible awaits identification.
Lymphoma with Autoimmune Neutropenia and Hepatic Sinusoidal Infiltration: A Syndrome
Authors: MARGOT S. KRUSKALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A relation between lymphoma and autoimmune neutropenia, unlike autoimmune hemolytic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, has not previously been well documented. We report a patient with a disorder presenting as autoimmune agranulocytosis, splenomegaly, and infiltration of the hepatic sinusoids by lymphocytes. Antineutrophil antibodies were present. Over a 2½-year period, the illness progressed to an aggressive, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with terminal liver failure and fibrosis. Peripheral blood lymphocyte markers identified the tumor as a proliferation of T-cells of the helper class. A review of previous literature disclosed other reports of similar patients who had neutropenia, a lymphoproliferative illness, and hepatic disease. Our case is representative of a previously unrecognized syndrome characterized by autoimmune neutropenia in the setting of a lymphoproliferative disorder of T cells, with a predilection for liver involvement.
A METHOD OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR THE PARALYZED PATIENT
Authors: T. C. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The advent of the Drinker respirator has made possible the prolonged treatment of respiratory paralysis, but the problem still remains of treating the patient until he can be placed in a respirator. Many large institutions keep a respirator always on hand for such emergencies, but it is obviously impossible for the family doctor or smaller hospitals to have one immediately available and some means of artificial respiration must be resorted to. Numerous methods have been described and it is only because in my experience they have at times been unsatisfactory that the following modification is suggested. The older standard methods have been compared<sup>1</sup>and the only one found adequate was the Schafer prone pressure method. This will maintain normal exchange in the ordinary case and is fairly satisfactory except that the repeated pressure on the lower thorax often
P1203 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TELAPREVIR-BASED TRIPLE THERAPY IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED VERSUS HCV MONOINFECTED PATIENTS: A MATCHED-COHORT STUDY
Authors: A. Pascale, A. Boyd, J. Bottero, H. Stitou, N. Valin, F. Benjelloun, O. Chazouilleres, P.-M. Girard, L. Serfaty, K. Lacombe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Career preferences of doctors graduating in 1974.
Authors: J Parkhouse, C McLaughlin
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Questionnaires were sent to all 2348 doctors who had graduated from medical schools in England, Scotland, and Wales in 1974 asking about their career preferences. Most were in their second preregistration post, and the response rate was 86-1%. The most popular first choice of career was general practice (665 of the responders; 32-9%), followed by medicine (454; 22-5%), surgery (321; 15-9%), and paediatrics (129; 6-4%). Only 507 of the responders (25-1%), however, stated that their preference was "definite". First choices differed widely between men and women graduates and between graduates of different medical schools.
Clinical End Points in Coronary Stent Trials
Authors: Donald E. Cutlip, Stephan Windecker, Roxana Mehran, Ashley Boam, David J. Cohen, Gerrit-Anne van Es, P. Gabriel Steg, Marie-angèle Morel, Laura Mauri, Pascal Vranckx, Eugene McFadden, Alexandra Lansky, Martial Hamon, Mitchell W. Krucoff, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Although most clinical trials of coronary stents have measured nominally identical safety and effectiveness end points, differences in definitions and timing of assessment have created confusion in interpretation.The Academic Research Consortium is an informal collaboration between academic research organizations in the United States and Europe. Two meetings, in Washington, DC, in January 2006 and in Dublin, Ireland, in June 2006, sponsored by the Academic Research Consortium and including representatives of the US Food and Drug Administration and all device manufacturers who were working with the Food and Drug Administration on drug-eluting stent clinical trial programs, were focused on consensus end point definitions for drug-eluting stent evaluations. The effort was pursued with the objective to establish consistency among end point definitions and provide consensus recommendations. On the basis of considerations from historical legacy to key pathophysiological mechanisms and relevance to clinical interpretability, criteria for assessment of death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stent thrombosis were developed. The broadly based consensus end point definitions in this document may be usefully applied or recognized for regulatory and clinical trial purposes.Although consensus criteria will inevitably include certain arbitrary features, consensus criteria for clinical end points provide consistency across studies that can facilitate the evaluation of safety and effectiveness of these devices.
Eicosanoid mediator expression in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in normal subjects and patients with atopic asthma and cystic fibrosis.
Authors: L. M. Kuitert, R. Newton, N. C. Barnes, I. M. Adcock, P. J. Barnes
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Eicosanoids such as leukotrienes, prostaglandins, lipoxins, and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) cause bronchoconstriction, increased microvascular permeability, mucus secretion, and polymorph chemotaxis. These pro-inflammatory effects are important in diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis where the levels of mediators are increased both in the stable and acute state. A study was conducted to examine the expression of the mRNA for the enzymes of the eicosanoid pathways (5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), cyclo-oxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1, COX-2), and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO)) in normal subjects and in patients with stable atopic asthma and stable cystic fibrosis.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of total RNA for 5-LO, FLAP, COX-1, COX-2, and 15-LO in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells from the three subjects groups.The expression of mRNA for 5-LO and FLAP was similar in normal subjects and in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. COX-1 was increased in both cell types in asthmatic patients. COX-2 and 15-LO were increased in polymorphs of patients with atopic asthma but not in mononuclear cells. COX-2 and 15-LO were undetectable in either cell type in patients with cystic fibrosis whereas COX-1 levels in polymorphs were similar to those in patients with asthma.The increased leukotriene production in asthma and cystic fibrosis is not explained by an increase in transcription of 5-LO and FLAP. Transcription of 15-LO and COX-2 is increased in atopic asthma. Transcription of COX-1 is increased in both atopic asthma and cystic fibrosis.
Clinical Trial Evidence to Advance the Science of Cholecystectomy
Authors: Joseph S. Solomkin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Remodeling of Channel-Forming ORAI Proteins Determines an Oncogenic Switch in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Charlotte Dubois, Fabien Vanden Abeele, V’yacheslav Lehen’kyi, Dimitra Gkika, Basma Guarmit, Gilbert Lepage, Christian Slomianny, Anne Sophie Borowiec, Gabriel Bidaux, Mohamed Benahmed, Yaroslav Shuba, Natalia Prevarskaya
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Medical Considerations Regarding Flight Crews
Authors: William H. Whaley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The American Medical Association Commission on Emergency Medical Services should be congratulated for placing in readable form and in one place compilations of information not commonly known or understood by physicians not actively engaged in the specialty of aviation medicine. Although the communication published inThe Journalentitled "Medical Aspects of Transportation Aboard Commercial Aircraft" (1982;247:1007) concerned primarily passengers, many physicians in general medical practice will be asked questions by aviation flight attendants and others about the advisability of continuing to work in the aircraft environment when certain medical conditions develop. The general advice given in the communication applies to the aircrew; however, the restrictions on continuing flight duties are much more restrictive on pilots, flight attendants, and other professionals than they are on the passenger. Federal air regulations dictate that airlines operate to maximize safety considerations, and any condition that would have an adverse effect on
Reye's Syndrome and Medication Use
Authors: Thomas J. Halpin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Ninety-seven Reye's syndrome (RS) cases in Ohio children with onsets from December 1978 through March 1980 were studied for medication use during their pre-RS illness. They were matched with 156 control subjects for age, race, sex, geographic location, time, and type of illness. Only the use of aspirin was reported by significantly more cases (97%, 94/97) than controls (71%, 110/156) during the pre-RS matched illness. Using a multiple logistic model to control for the presence of fever, headache, and sore throat statistically, the difference in aspirin use remained significant. Conversely, fewer cases (16%) took medications containing acetaminophen than controls (33%). In 87% of the cases receiving aspirin, their maximum daily dosage did not exceed recommended levels, but their doses were higher than those of controls receiving aspirin. No relationship was found between dosage and stage of RS encephalopathy.
NICE likely "to take blame" as healthcare budgets tighten, chairman says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the body that appraises treatments for the NHS, can expect to come under fire as a “perfect storm” of financial and organisational pressures on the health and social care systems approaches, a conference has heard.

NICE’s remit for producing guidance and quality standards on social care will expand on 1 April 2013.

Its chairman designate, David Haslam, told a Westminster Health Forum seminar on the body’s future role that the job he was about to take up was “almost certainly impossible,” given the challenges that lay ahead.

He said that the effect of an ageing population and increasing cost pressures in health and social care meant that difficult funding decisions would …
Switching Emergency Contraception to Over-the-Counter Status
Authors: David A Grimes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Hormonal emergency contraception is safe, effective, and available by prescription in the United States. This article explains why dropping the prescription requirement for emergency contraception would pose no risk to women and would improve public health by preventing unintended pregnancies. The author points out that over-the-counter sale of emergency contraceptive products is appropriate, because women are easily able to determine when and how to use them.
Antipsychotic Drugs in Dementia
Authors: Peter V. Rabins, Constantine G. Lyketsos
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal