tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cd8 Expression up to the Double-Positive CD3Low/Intermediate Stage of Thymic Differentiation Is Sufficient for Development of Peripheral Functional Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: X.-L. Zhang, S. Zhao, S.H. Borenstein, Y. Liu, B. Jayabalasingham, J.W. Chamberlain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Control of CD8α transcription during development of α/β T cell receptor (TCR) T lymphocytes is mediated by at least two distinct stage-specific cis-acting transcriptional mechanisms (i.e., enhancers). On the CD8α−/−knockout (KO) background, cis-mechanism I and cis-mechanism II together mediate appropriate stage- and sublineage-specific transgenic (Tg) CD8α expression and “rescue” development of peripheral CD8+ single-positive (SP) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In contrast, on the wild-type (WT)/CD8+/+ or CD8α−/−KO backgrounds, a CD8α Tg directed by cis-mechanism I alone is activated during the double negative [DN] to double positive [DP] transition and expressed up to the CD3low/intermediate DP stage but not in more mature DP or SP thymocytes or peripheral T cells. As loss of cis mechanism I activity occurs around the onset of positive selection, it is possible that events associated with TCR/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) interactions and selection are involved in initiating these changes in CD8α transcription. To examine this issue, phenotypic and functional studies were performed for thymocytes and T cells of CD8α−/−KO mice that expressed a CD8α Tg under control of cis-mechanism I only. Despite loss of CD8α expression at the DP CD3low/intermediate stage, increased populations of mature CD3hiCD4−CD8− thymocytes and CD3+CD4−CD8− peripheral T cells were detected. By several criteria, including MHC class I–restricted antigen recognition, these cells have at least partially undergone positive and negative selection. Therefore, initiation of selection and sublineage commitment are determined before loss of cis-mechanism I–mediated control of CD8α transcription. Further, CD8 expression beyond the CD3low/intermediate DP thymic stage is not essential for CTL development in vivo or function.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor—A Positive and Negative Regulator of Tumor Growth
Authors: Laura M. Vecchiarelli-Federico, David Cervi, Mehran Haeri, Yanmei Li, Andras Nagy, Yaacov Ben-David
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Over the past decade, the well-documented role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor angiogenesis has led it to become one of the leading therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. Emerging evidence from genetically modified animal models, however, suggests that elevated levels of VEGF, or a proangiogenic phenotype, may impede, rather than promote, early tumor development and progression. For example, hypermorph VEGF transgenic mice display delayed progression of a retroviral-induced murine leukemia, and knockdown of VEGF expression within the myeloid compartment accelerates tumor progression. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this paradox, whereby VEGF induces changes within the hematopoietic compartment and tumor microenvironment through recruitment of tumor inhibitory monocytic cells and the negative regulation of tumor angiogenesis. Thus, it is apparent that the levels of VEGF expression in both tumor and nontumor tissues, as well as the context and timing of its modulation relative to cancer induction, play an important role in determining the effects of VEGF expression on tumorigenicity. In light of these recent findings, the various mechanisms underlying the negative role of VEGF during early tumor development, progression, and metastasis will be discussed.
Coyotes Demonstrate How Habitat Specialization by Individuals of a Generalist Species Can Diversify Populations in a Heterogeneous Ecoregion
Authors: B. N. Sacks, D. L. Bannasch, B. B. Chomel, H. B. Ernest
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The tendency for individuals to disperse into habitat similar to their natal habitat has been observed in a wide range of species, although its population genetic consequences have received little study. Such behavior could lead to discrete habitat-specific population subdivisions even in the absence of physical dispersal barriers or habitat gaps. Previous studies of coyotes have supported this hypothesis in a small region of California, but its evolutionary significance ultimately depends on the extent and magnitude of habitat-specific subdivision. Here, we investigated these questions using autosomal, Y chromosome, and mitochondrial markers and >2,000 coyotes from a broad region, including 2 adjacent ecoregions with contrasting levels of habitat heterogeneity—the California Floristic Province (CFP) (heterogeneous landscape) and the Desert–Prairie ecoregion (DPE) (homogeneous landscape). Consistent with predictions, we found a close correspondence between population genetic structure and habitat subdivisions throughout the CFP and virtual panmixia over the larger DPE. Conversely, although genetic diversity was similar in these 2 ecoregions overall, it was lower within sites of the CFP, as would be the expected consequence of greater genetic drift within subregions. The magnitude of habitat-specific genetic subdivisions (i.e., genetic distance) in the CFP varied considerably, indicating complexity (e.g., asymmetric gene flow or extinction/recolonization), but, in general, was higher than that due to geographic distance or recent human-related barriers. Because habitat-specific structure can enhance a species' adaptive potential and resilience to changing environments, these findings suggest the CFP may constitute an evolutionarily important portion of the range for coyotes and sympatric species exhibiting habitat-specific population structure.
Immunologic responses to bacteriophage ϕX 174 in immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: Hans D. Ochs, Starkey D. Davis, Ralph J. Wedgwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Immunologic responses to bacteriophage varphiX 174 were studied in 26 patients with immunodeficiency diseases. In eight cases of infantile X-linked agammaglobulinemia, there was prolonged circulation of phage and no detectable antibody response. The remaining 18 patients cleared phage normally and produced antibodies. 10 of these patients made only IgM antibody in spite of repeated immunization; all of these have recurrent respiratory tract infections and require treatment with gamma globulin and antibiotics. Eight patients made both IgM and IgG antibody; they experience either milder or no infections, and only one requires treatment with gamma globulin. Prolonged circulation of bacteriophage varphiX 174 and the absence of a detectable antibody response appear to be distinguishing characteristics of X-linked agammaglobulinemia if severe combined immunodeficiency can be excluded.
Cancer Statistics, 2009
Authors: A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward, Y. Hao, J. Xu, M. J. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2009)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are standardized by age to the 2000 United States standard million population. A total of 1,479,350 new cancer cases and 562,340 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2009. Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men (1.8% per year from 2001 to 2005) and women (0.6% per year from 1998 to 2005), largely because of decreases in the three major cancer sites in men (lung, prostate, and colon and rectum [colorectum]) and in two major cancer sites in women (breast and colorectum). Overall cancer death rates decreased in men by 19.2% between 1990 and 2005, with decreases in lung (37%), prostate (24%), and colorectal (17%) cancer rates accounting for nearly 80% of the total decrease. Among women, overall cancer death rates between 1991 and 2005 decreased by 11.4%, with decreases in breast (37%) and colorectal (24%) cancer rates accounting for 60% of the total decrease. The reduction in the overall cancer death rates has resulted in the avoidance of about 650,000 deaths from cancer over the 15-year period. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year. Although progress has been made in reducing incidence and mortality rates and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons younger than 85 years of age. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population and by supporting new discoveries in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment.
Biological Interactions and Potential Health Effects of Extremely-Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields From Power Lines and Other Common Sources
Authors: T S Tenforde
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1992)

Various different effects of ELF magnetic fields have been reported to occur at the cellular, tissue, and animal levels. Certain effects, such as the induction of magnetophosphenes in the visual system, have been established through replication in several laboratories. Many other effects, however, have not been independently verified or, in some cases, replication efforts have led to conflicting results. A substantial amount of experimental evidence indicates that the effects of ELF magnetic fields on cellular biochemistry, structure, and function can be related to the induced current density, with a majority of the reported effects occurring at current density levels in excess of 10 mA/m2. These effects, therefore, occur at induced current-density levels that exceed the endogenous currents normally present in living tissues. From this perspective, it is extremely difficult to interpret the results of recent epidemiological studies that have reported a correlation between cancer incidence and exposure to 50-Hz or 60-Hz magnetic fields with very low flux densities. The levels of current density induced in tissue by occupational or residential exposure to these fields are, in nearly all circumstances, significantly lower than the levels found in laboratory studies to produce measurable perturbations in biological functions. There is a clear need for additional epidemiological research to clarify whether exposure to ELF magnetic fields is, in fact, causally linked to cancer risk. Laboratory animal studies conducted under controlled conditions are also needed to determine whether ELF magnetic fields can initiate or promote tumors. In addition, more studies of both a theoretical and experimental nature are needed to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which low-intensity magnetic fields can influence living systems. A growing body of evidence indicates that cell membranes play a key role in the transduction and amplification of ELF field signals. Elucidation of the physical and biochemical pathways that mediate these transmembrane signaling events will represent a major advance in our understanding of the molecular basis of magnetic field effects of biological systems.
CLL-cells induce IDOhi CD14+HLA-DRlo myeloid-derived suppressor cells that inhibit T-cell responses and promote TRegs
Authors: Regina Jitschin, Martina Braun, Maike Büttner, Katja Dettmer-Wilde, Juliane Bricks, Jana Berger, Michael J. Eckart, Stefan W. Krause, Peter J. Oefner, Katarina Le Blanc, Andreas Mackensen, Dimitrios Mougiakakos
Journal: Blood (2014)
Basic capacities can be modified or circumvented by deliberate practice: A rejection of talent accounts of expert performance
Authors: K. Anders Ericsson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

To make genuine progress toward explicating the relation between innate talent and high levels of ability, we need to consider the differences in structure between most everyday abilities and expert performance. Only in expert performance is it possible to show consistently that individuals can acquire skills to circumvent and modify basic characteristics (talent).
Strongyloides stercoralis infection in former Far East prisoners of war.
Authors: G V Gill, D R Bell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Out of 602 consecutive people who had been prisoners of war in the Far East and were screened for tropical diseases, 88 (15%) were found to have Strongyloides stercoralis infection a mean period of 30 years after their return from the tropics. The classical strongyloid creeping eruption was the most common symptom (84%), while gastrointestinal disturbances were rare (5%). Thiabendazole was highly effective in eradicating the infection. Strongyloidiasis is an important condition, as when the host is immunosuppressed fatal hyperinfection may occur. Many undiagnosed cases of strongyloidiasis must exist among former prisoners of war, and it is thus important to identify and treat these patients.
Studies of HLA, fertility and mate choice in a human isolate
Authors: C Ober
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes in pregnancy and in human mate choice has been investigated in the Hutterites, an inbred population of European origins. High-resolution HLA haplotypes were defined by alleles at 16 loci in >1000 Hutterites. Prospective studies of pregnancy outcome previously demonstrated increased fetal loss rates among Hutterite couples matching for HLA-B antigens (P = 0.033) or for the entire 16-locus haplotype (P = 0.002). Among living children of couples matching for HLA-B or the haplotype, there was a non-significant deficit of children who were heterozygous and compatible with the mother; the number of living children who were compatible and homozygous or incompatible and heterozygous was not different than expectations (HLA-B, P = 0.095; haplotype, P = 0.376). Mate choice among 411 couples was non-random with respect to the HLA haplotype, assessed by a variety of methods (P = 0.020 to <0.001). These combined data indicate a role for HLA region genes in both pregnancy outcome and mate choice, and suggest that selection acting on these genes occurs pre-conceptually as well as during pregnancy. This review outlines previously published studies on HLA, fertility and mate choice in the Hutterites. Keywords: fertility/HLA/human inbred population/mate choice
Targeted expression of a human pituitary tumor–derived isoform of FGF receptor-4 recapitulates pituitary tumorigenesis
Authors: Shereen Ezzat, Lei Zheng, Xian-Feng Zhu, Gillian E. Wu, Sylvia L. Asa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

It is estimated that up to one in five individuals develop pituitary gland tumors. Despite the common occurrence of these tumors, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying their development remain largely unknown. We report the identification of a novel pituitary tumor–derived, N-terminally truncated isoform of FGF receptor-4 (ptd-FGFR4). The corresponding mRNA results from alternative transcription initiation and encodes a polypeptide that lacks a signal peptide and the first two extracellular Ig-like domains. ptd-FGFR4 has a distinctive cytoplasmic residence, is constitutively phosphorylated, and is transforming in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that targeted expression of ptd-FGFR4, but not FGFR4, results in pituitary tumors that morphologically recapitulate the human disease.
Clinical and Ethical Aspects of Placebos in Clinical Practice
Authors: Donald M. Marcus
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
BRADYCARDIA IN APPENDICITIS; REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Mitchell Bernstein, Ralph Goldsmith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Case Reports1 May 1937BRADYCARDIA IN APPENDICITIS; REPORT OF A CASEMITCHELL BERNSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., RALPH GOLDSMITH, M.D., F.A.C.S.MITCHELL BERNSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., RALPH GOLDSMITH, M.D., F.A.C.S.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-11-1716 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe occurrence of bradycardia in a patient manifesting acute abdominal symptoms which proved to be due to a gangrenous appendix prompted us to investigate this subject. It is interesting to note that inThe Journal of the American Medical Associationof December 1906, Maurice Kahn1directed attention to the presence of bradycardia in appendicitis. He stated that "in the last six cases of gangrenous appendicitis in which this symptom was evinced, the diagnosis of the gangrenous state was made before operation, based on the bradycardia alone. So it would appear from this that given a case presenting other unmistakable signs...Bibliography1. KAHN M: Bradycardia in appendicitis, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1906, xlvii, 2011. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. VON BOKAY J: Beitrag zur Bradykardie bei der Appendicitis in Kindesalter, Deutsch. med. Wchnschr., 1908, xxxiv, 699. Google Scholar3. BROCA A: Troubles reflexes du pouls dans l'appendicite (ralentissement, arythmie, accélération), Presse méd., 1908, xvi, 1. Google Scholar4. VAQUEZ H: Contribution à l'étude des arythmies de pouls lent et l'épreuve de l'atropine, Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris, 1907, series 24, page 936. Google Scholar5. VAQUEZLAIDLAW : Diseases of the heart, ed. 1, 1924, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, p. 544. Google Scholar6. LOEPER M: La bradycardie dans les affections intestinales, Presse méd. belge, 1913, lxv, 863. Google Scholar7. BÉNARD R: Appendicite et arythmies: bradycardies et extra systoles, Comp. rénd. de la Soc. de biol., 1913, lxxiv, 1094. Google Scholar8. DECOURTBASCOURRET JM: Les bradycardies au cours des affections gastrointestinales, Jr. méd. franc., 1932, xxi, 311-318. Google Scholar9. HOWELL : Textbook of physiology, ed. 11, 1930, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pages 607-608. Google Scholar10. GOLTZ F: Vagus und Herz, Virchow's Arch. f. path. Anat., 1863, xxvi, 11. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Received for publication October 5, 1936.From the Medical Service of Dr. Mitchell Bernstein and the Surgical Service of Dr. Ralph Goldsmith, Jewish Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1937Volume 10, Issue 11Page: 1716-1721KeywordsAppendicitisBradycardiaMedical services ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...
Value of sentinel node status as a prognostic factor in melanoma: prospective observational study
Authors: Stephen Kettlewell, Colin Moyes, Caroline Bray, David Soutar, Alan MacKay, Dominique Byrne, Taimur Shoaib, Barun Majumder, Rona MacKie
Journal: BMJ (2006)

To establish the prognostic value of knowledge of sentinel node status in melanoma.Single centre prospective observational study, with sentinel nodes identified by lymphoscintigraphy, gamma probe, and intraoperative blue dye and examined by both conventional histopathology and immunopathology.Specialist surgical service in west of Scotland.482 patients with melanoma who consented to sentinel node biopsy in 1996-2003.Time to recurrence of or death from melanoma.Of 472 patients who consented to sentinel node biopsy and in whom at least one sentinel node was identified, 367 (78%) had no tumour in the sentinel node. At mean follow-up of 42 months, 299 (82%) of this group were alive and free from disease, 24 were alive with melanoma recurrence, and 31 had died of melanoma. Of 105 patients with a positive sentinel node biopsy, 44 (42%) were alive and disease free, 12 were alive with recurrence, and 46 had died of melanoma. The survival difference between patients who were negative and those who were positive for tumour in the sentinel node was highly significant at all thickness levels over 1.0 mm (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that sentinel node status was independent of tumour thickness and ulceration. 71/105 (68%) patients with a positive sentinel node had a negative completion lymphadenectomy, and 44/71 (62%) were alive and disease free at follow-up; 34 patients with a positive sentinel node had further nodes involved, and only 4 (12%) were disease free (P < 0.001). 16 patients (13 sentinel node biopsy positive; 3 negative) died of other causes.Sentinel node status is a highly significant predictor of prognosis in melanoma and should be considered in adjuvant studies. However, it should not be regarded as a standard of care until mature data from ongoing randomised trials are available.