tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mast cells in newly formed lining tissue during acute inflammation: a six day air pouch model in the mouse.
Authors: Y M Sin, A D Sedgwick, E P Chea, D A Willoughby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The neural circuitry of motion processing in insects, as in primates, involves the segregation of different types of visual information into parallel retinotopic pathways that subsequently are reunited at higher levels. In insects, achromatic, motion-sensitive pathways to the lobula plate are separated from color-processing pathways to the lobula. Further parallel subdivisions of the retinotopic pathways to the lobula plate have been suggested from anatomical observations. Here, we provide direct physiological evidence that the two most prominent of these latter pathways are, indeed, functionally distinct: recordings from the retinotopic pathway defined by small-field bushy T-cells (T4) demonstrate only weak directional selectivity to motion, in striking contrast with previously demonstrated strong directional selectivity in the second, T5-cell, pathway. Additional intracellular recordings and anatomical descriptions have been obtained from other identified neurons that may be crucial in early motion detection and processing: a deep medulla amacrine cell that seems well suited to provide the lateral interactions among retinotopic elements required for motion detection; a unique class of Y-cells that provide small-field, directionally selective feedback from the lobula plate to the medulla; and a new heterolateral lobula plate tangential cell that collates directional, motion-sensitive inputs. These results add important new elements to the set of identified neurons that process motion information. The results suggest specific hypotheses regarding the neuronal substrates for motion-processing circuitry and corroborate behavioral studies in bees that predict distinct pathways for directional and nondirectional motion.
Combination aerosol therapy to treat Burkholderia cepacia complex
Authors: P. G. Middleton, T. J. Kidd, B. Williams
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Burkholderia cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, yet no definitive treatment is currently available. This report describes a new approach to treat B. cepacia infection in CF patients, using a combination of amiloride and tobramycin aerosols. Four adults with the typical clinical syndrome of CF were recruited after repeated positive sputum cultures for B. cepacia . Aerosols of amiloride and tobramycin were given three times daily for 1–6 months, and repeated sputum cultures were collected to assess efficacy. Three of the four patients treated with the combined therapy eradicated B. cepacia from their sputum cultures for at least 2 yrs, and there were no adverse events. This novel combination may provide a new therapeutic option for Burkholderia cepacia infections. Furthermore, the strategy of combining antibiotics with ion transport agents may have ramifications for the treatment of other multi-resistant organisms.
B-type natriuretic peptide at presentation and prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Jessica L. Mega, David A. Morrow, James A. de Lemos, Marc S. Sabatine, Sabina A. Murphy, Nader Rifai, C.Michael Gibson, Elliott M. Antman, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Randomized phase III trial comparing docetaxel plus epirubicin versus docetaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment in women with advanced breast cancer
Authors: D. Mavroudis, P. Papakotoulas, A. Ardavanis, K. Syrigos, S. Kakolyris, N. Ziras, C. Kouroussis, N. Malamos, A. Polyzos, C. Christophyllakis, N. Kentepozidis, V. Georgoulias
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
<i>NUAK2</i> Amplification Coupled with <i>PTEN</i> Deficiency Promotes Melanoma Development via CDK Activation
Authors: Takeshi Namiki, Tomonori Yaguchi, Kenta Nakamura, Julio C. Valencia, Sergio G. Coelho, Lanlan Yin, Masakazu Kawaguchi, Wilfred D. Vieira, Yasuhiko Kaneko, Atsushi Tanemura, Ichiro Katayama, Hiroo Yokozeki, Yutaka Kawakami, Vincent J. Hearing
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

The AMPK-related kinase NUAK2 has been implicated in melanoma growth and survival outcomes, but its therapeutic utility has yet to be confirmed. In this study, we show how its genetic amplification in PTEN-deficient melanomas may rationalize the use of CDK2 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy. Analysis of array-CGH data revealed that PTEN deficiency is coupled tightly with genomic amplification encompassing the NUAK2 locus, a finding strengthened by immunohistochemical evidence that phospho-Akt overexpression was correlated with NUAK2 expression in clinical specimens of acral melanoma. Functional studies in melanoma cells showed that inactivation of the PI3K pathway upregulated p21 expression and reduced the number of cells in S phase. NUAK2 silencing and inactivation of the PI3K pathway efficiently controlled CDK2 expression, whereas CDK2 inactivation specifically abrogated the growth of NUAK2-amplified and PTEN-deficient melanoma cells. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed an association of CDK2 expression with NUAK2 amplification and p-Akt expression in melanomas. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of CDK2 was sufficient to suppress the growth of NUAK2-amplified and PTEN-deficient melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our results show how CDK2 blockade may offer a promising therapy for genetically defined melanomas, where NUAK2 is amplified and PTEN is deleted.
Vitamin a hepatotoxicity in multiple family members
Authors: Gerald Y. Minuk, James K. Kelly, Wei-Sek Hwang
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Three of five family members experienced symptoms and biochemical evidence of hepatitis that could not be explained on the basis of infectious, metabolic or immunologic disorders of the liver. A history of prolonged ingestion of moderate amounts of vitamin A (20,000 to 45,000 IU per day for 7 to 10 years) was obtained in each of the three family members and was absent in the remaining two unaffected individuals. A liver biopsy performed in one family member confirmed the diagnosis of vitamin A toxicity. This report emphasizes the finding that even moderate amounts of vitamin A, when ingested over a prolonged period of time, can cause significant hepatocellular injury.
Relationship between lactate arteriovenous gradient and tissue lactate content in subendocardial and subepicardial layers of the ischaemic in situ heart
Authors: S. A. MAKDESSI, J. L ANDRIEU, Q. T. CHAH, A. J TUDURI, G. FAUCON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

Myocardial lactate content and simultaneous evolution of a lactate arteriovenous gradient associated with incomplete obstruction of the left coronary bed were studied in dog hearts. Samples of blood were taken from a peripheral artery and the coronary sinus; transmural samples of myocardial tissue were obtained from the left ventricular wall by drill biopsy in animals under total cardiopulmonary by-pass. Lactate content was assessed in subendocardial and subepicardial layers separately. A 40 to 70% reduction in coronary flow induced a quick reduction and even an inversion of the positive lactate gradient while the tissue content, which was similar to the arterial content, rose considerably, chiefly in the subendocardial layer. Lactate accumulating in tissue was released into the blood approximately in proportion to the tissue concentration. The value of employing the lactate concentration difference between arterial blood and coronary sinus blood as an index of the severity and duration of myocardial ischaemia is discussed.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Current Era Compared With 1985–1986
Authors: David O. Williams, Richard Holubkov, Wanlin Yeh, Martial G. Bourassa, Mahdi Al-Bassam, Peter C. Block, Paul Coady, Howard Cohen, Michael Cowley, Gerald Dorros, David Faxon, David R. Holmes, Alice Jacobs, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Spencer B. King, Richard Myler, James Slater, Vladimir Stanek, Helen A. Vlachos, Katherine M. Detre
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Although refinements have occurred in coronary angioplasty over the past decade, little is known about whether these changes have affected outcomes. Methods and Results —Baseline features and in-hospital and 1-year outcomes of 1559 consecutive patients in the 1997–1998 Dynamic Registry who were having first coronary intervention were compared with 2431 patients in the 1985–1986 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Registry. Compared with patients in the 1985–1986 Registry, Dynamic Registry patients were older (mean age, 62 versus 58 years; P &lt;0.001) and more often female (32.1% versus 25.5%; P &lt;0.001). In the Dynamic Registry, procedures were more often performed for acute myocardial infarction (22.9% versus 9.9%; P &lt;0.001) and treated lesions were more severe (84.5% versus 82.5% diameter reduction; P &lt;0.001), thrombotic (22.1% versus 11.3%; P &lt;0.001) or calcified (29.5% versus 10.8%; P &lt;0.001). Stents were used in 70.5% of Dynamic Registry patients, whereas 1985–1986 patients received balloon angioplasty alone. Procedural success was higher in the Dynamic Registry (92.0% versus 81.8%; P &lt;0.001) and the rate of in-hospital death, myocardial infarction, and emergency coronary bypass surgery combined was lower (4.9% versus 7.9%; P =0.001) than in the 1985–1986 Registry. The 1-year rate for CABG was lower in the Dynamic Registry (6.9% versus 12.6%; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —Although Dynamic Registry patients had more unstable and complex coronary disease than those in the 1985–1986 Registry, their rate of procedural success was higher whereas rates of complications and subsequent CABG were lower. Results of percutaneous coronary intervention have improved substantially over the past decade.
Lithium and Symptomatic Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Jambur Ananth, Stephen E Dubin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

Hyperparathyroidism with or without adenoma has occasionally been reported in association with lithium treatment, and in symptomatic patients depression, psychosis and an exacerbation of existing psychopathology may occur. Three lithium-treated patients with hyperparathyroidism are reported, in whom discontinuation of lithium in one and removal of parathyroid adenomata in two led to both a reduction in plasma calcium levels and an improvement in their psychopathology.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Polymorphism Pro12Ala Is Associated With Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hui Zhang, Shimiao Zhu, Jing Chen, Yang Tang, Hailong Hu, Viswanathan Mohan, Radha Venkatesan, Jianmin Wang, Haiping Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Insulin resistance plays a part in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ Pro to Ala alteration at codon 12 (Pro12Ala) polymorphism and the risk of insulin resistance has been confirmed. The association between the polymorphism and DN risk has also been widely studied recently, but no consensus was available up to now.A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and reference lists of relevant articles was carried out, and then 18 case-control studies involving 3,361 DN cases and 5,825 control subjects were identified.In the overall analysis, the Ala12 variant was observed to be significantly associated with decreased DN risk (odds ratio 0.76 [95% CI 0.61-0.93]). Some evidence of heterogeneity among the included studies was detected, which could be explained by the difference of ethnicity and stage of DN. Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity and stage of DN were performed, and results indicated the Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with the risk of DN in Caucasians but no similar association was observed in Asians. Additionally, we observed that Ala12 was associated with decreased risk of albuminuria. With only a few of subjects were available, we failed to detect statistically significant association between the polymorphism and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Our results indicated that the Ala12 variant is a significantly protective factor for DN. Future research should focus on the effect of Pro12Ala polymorphism on ESRD and gathering data of Africans.
Pfs2400 can mediate antibody-dependent malaria transmission inhibition and may be the Plasmodium falciparum 11.1 gene product.
Authors: Z Feng, R N Hoffmann, R S Nussenzweig, M Tsuji, H Fujioka, M Aikawa, T H Lensen, T Ponnudurai, L G Pologe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been raised against Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte stage protein extracts, in an effort to identify novel parasite antigens that might mediate malaria transmission-blocking immunity. mAb 1A1 identified Pfs2400, a sexual stage-specific antigen of greater than 2 megadaltons, that is associated with the outer leaflet of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane in mature circulating gametocyte-infected red blood cells. Upon induction of gametogenesis, Pfs2400 partitions between the gamete plasmalemma and the degenerating erythrocyte membrane. The antigen is no longer detectable in the fully emerged gamete. mAb 1A1 dramatically reduces the number of oocysts formed in P. falciparum gametocyte-fed mosquitoes. The cognate antigen is probably the product of the Pf11.1 gene (Scherf et al. 1988. EMBO [Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.]J. 7:1129) on the basis that a peptide composed of two copies of the degenerate nine amino acid repeat sequence in the Pf11.1 protein, can inhibit binding of mAb1A1 to the native antigen. The mechanism of transmission inhibition mediated by the Pfs2400 is discussed.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in 2 patients with underlying IFN-γ receptor deficiency
Authors: Bianca Tesi, Elena Sieni, Conceição Neves, Francesca Romano, Valentina Cetica, Ana Isabel Cordeiro, Samuel Chiang, Heinrich Schlums, Luisa Galli, Stefano Avenali, Annalisa Tondo, Clementina Canessa, Jan-Inge Henter, Magnus Nordenskjöld, Amy P. Hsu, Steven M. Holland, João F. Neves, Chiara Azzari, Yenan T. Bryceson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Aspiration of normal or asymptomatic pathological joints for diagnosis and research: indications, technique and success rate
Authors: E Pascual, M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Although joint aspiration is a basic clinical skill, aspiration of normal joints, or asymptomatic clinically quiescent joints, is only rarely undertaken. There are two main indications for this procedure. Firstly, for definitive diagnosis of crystal-associated arthritis (gout and pseudogout) during the intercritical period and for subsequent monitoring of treatment success of gout; and secondly, to obtain normal synovial fluid for biomarker research. The justification for these indications, the success rate and the technical aspects related to this procedure are presented in this article.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a heterogenous disease.
Authors: D G Haegert, J Stuart, J L Smith
Journal: BMJ (1975)

By using several techniques to detect surface markers on T and B lymphocytes, 11 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.) were studied. In four cases an insignificant number of markers were detected on the lymphoblast populations. In one case a significant number of blasts formed both sheep red blood cell rosettes and Fc rosettes, suggesting a T-cell origin for the neoplastic cells, and in another case the presence of Fc and C3 receptors on the lymphoblast population indicated a B-cell origin. In a further five cases 14-43% of the blasts had detectable surface immunoglobulin. It is concluded that A.L.L. is a heterogeneous disorder, some cases failing to express surface markers and others having either a T-or a B-lymphocyte origin or both.
Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma: A 50-Year Perspective
Authors: George P. Canellos, Saul A. Rosenberg, Jonathan W. Friedberg, T. Andrew Lister, Vincent T. DeVita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

George P. Canellos, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Saul A. Rosenberg, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Jonathan W. Friedberg, James P. Wilmont Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY T. Andrew Lister, Barts Cancer Institute, University of London, London, United Kingdom Vincent T. DeVita, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
Mitochondria: pharmacological manipulation of cell death
Authors: L. Bouchier-Hayes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Cell death by apoptosis or necrosis is often important in the etiology and treatment of disease. Since mitochondria play important roles in cell death pathways, these organelles are potentially prime targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we discuss the mechanisms through which mitochondria participate in the cell death process and also survey some of the pharmacological approaches that target mitochondria in various ways.
Health Progress in the United States
Authors: J. Michael McGinnis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ON JUNE 25, 1992, Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Louis W. Sullivan released the results of progress toward the nation's health objectives for 1990, culminating a 10-year process to chart a course for our nation's health. In 1979,<i>Healthy People: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</i><sup>1</sup>introduced and quantified new opportunities for improving the health of Americans through changes in behavioral choices (health promotion), the environment (health protection), and access to screening, immunization, and counseling (clinical preventive services). Specific goals were set for achievement by the year 1990, according to age groups. In 1980, measurable objectives designed to achieve these goals were released in<i>Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation</i>.<sup>2</sup>This article summarizes the nation's progress toward those health goals and objectives, reviews the role of the objectives process in offering a sense of the opportunities, and describes the relationship to
Pacemaker Malfunction From Urethral Electrocautery
Authors: R. Brain Smith
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Demand pacemakers are used with increasing frequency, especially in elderly patients. Many are also of the age group who need surgical treatment of prostatic disease.<sup>1</sup>This report illustrates an unusual complication in such a patient during the use of a transurethral electrocautery. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 81-year-old man suffered daily episodes of pain in the chest lasting 10 to 15 minutes for three months. Digoxin treatment was stopped prior to his admission because the heart rate was 48 beats per minute. Intermittently, nodal rhythm, sinus bradycardia, atrial tachycardia, and periods of sino-atrial block occurred. There was no response to atropine but isoproterenol intravenously given maintained a heart rate of between 45 and 50 beats per minute. A transvenous pacemaker inserted into the right ventricle maintained a heart rate of 80 beats per minute with occasional premature ventricular contractions. During the patient's consideration for insertion of
Anticipating the Clinical Use of Prognostic Gene Expression–Based Tests for Colon Cancer Stage II and III: Is Godot Finally Arriving?
Authors: Anita Sveen, Arild Nesbakken, Trude H. Ågesen, Marianne G. Guren, Kjell M. Tveit, Rolf I. Skotheim, Ragnhild A. Lothe
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: According to current recommendations for adjuvant treatment, patients with colon cancer stage II are not routinely offered chemotherapy, unless considered to have a high risk of relapse based on specific clinicopathological parameters. Following these criteria, it is challenging to identify the subgroup of patients that will benefit the most from adjuvant treatment. Contrarily, patients with colon cancer stage III are routinely offered chemotherapy, but due to expected adverse effects and frailty, elderly patients are often excluded from standard protocols. Colon cancer is a disease of the elderly and accordingly, there is a large subgroup of patients for which guidelines for adjuvant treatment remain less clear. In these two clinical settings, improved risk stratification has great potential impact on patient care, anticipating that high-risk patients will benefit from chemotherapy. However, microsatellite instability is the only molecular prognostic marker recommended for clinical use. Experimental Design: In this perspective, we provide an updated view on the status and clinical potential of the many proposed prognostic gene expression–based tests for colon cancer stage II and III. Results: The main limitation for clinical implementation is lack of prospective validation. For patients with stage II, highly promising tests have been identified and clinical trials are ongoing. For elderly patients with stage III, the value of such tests has received less focus, but promising early results have been shown. Conclusion: Although awaiting results from prospective trials, improved risk assessment for patients with stage II and III is likely to be achieved in the foreseeable future. Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6669–77. ©2013 AACR.
Imaging the inflammatory activity of sarcoidosis
Authors: Ruth G.M. Keijsers, Daniel A.F. van den Heuvel, Jan C. Grutters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Accurate assessment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ involvement in sarcoidosis is one of the great challenges for clinicians. This assessment includes the evaluation of symptoms and of sarcoidosis activity in a specific organ and its functional consequences. In this review, radiological and nuclear techniques to image the inflammatory activity of sarcoidosis are described, in particular 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The current use of this technique in clinical practice is explained, particularly in patients with persistent symptoms, stage IV disease and cardiac sarcoidosis.
Abdominal muscle and quadriceps strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: W D-C Man
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Quadriceps muscle weakness is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but is not observed in a small hand muscle (adductor pollicis). Although this could be explained by reduced activity in the quadriceps, the observation could also be explained by anatomical location of the muscle or fibre type composition. However, the abdominal muscles are of a similar anatomical and fibre type distribution to the quadriceps, although they remain active in COPD. Cough gastric pressure is a recently described technique that assesses abdominal muscle (and hence expiratory muscle) strength more accurately than traditional techniques. A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that more severe weakness exists in the quadriceps than in the abdominal muscles of patients with COPD compared with healthy elderly controls. <b>Methods:</b> Maximum cough gastric pressure and quadriceps isometric strength were measured in 43 patients with stable COPD and 25 healthy elderly volunteers matched for anthropometric variables. <b>Results:</b> Despite a significant reduction in mean quadriceps strength (29.9 kg <i>v</i> 41.2 kg; 95% CI −17.9 to −4.6; p = 0.001), cough gastric pressure was preserved in patients with COPD (227.3 cm H<sub>2</sub>O <i>v</i> 204.8 cm H<sub>2</sub>O; 95% CI −5.4 to 50.6; p = 0.11). <b>Conclusions:</b> Abdominal muscle strength is preserved in stable COPD outpatients in the presence of quadriceps weakness. This suggests that anatomical location and fibre type cannot explain quadriceps weakness in COPD. By inference, we conclude that disuse and consequent deconditioning are important factors in the development of quadriceps muscle weakness in COPD patients, or that activity protects the abdominal muscles from possible systemic myopathic processes.