tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disparities by Race, Age, and Sex in the Improvement of Survival for Major Cancers
Authors: Chenjie Zeng, Wanqing Wen, Alicia K. Morgans, William Pao, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei Zheng
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Substantial progress has been made in cancer diagnosis and treatment, resulting in a steady improvement in cancer survival. The degree of improvement by age, race, and sex remains unclear.To quantify the degree of survival improvement over time by age, race, and sex in the United States.Longitudinal analyses of cancer follow-up data from 1990 to 2010, from 1.02 million patients who had been diagnosed as having cancer of the colon or rectum, breast, prostate, lung, liver, pancreas, or ovary from 1990 to 2009 and who were included in 1 of 9 population-based registries of the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for cancer-specific death were estimated for patients diagnosed as having any of these cancers during 1995 to 1999, 2000 to 2004, and 2005 to 2009, compared with those diagnosed in 1990 to 1994.Significant improvements in survival were found for cancers of the colon or rectum, breast, prostate, lung, and liver. Improvements were more pronounced for younger patients. For patients aged 50 to 64 years and diagnosed from 2005 to 2009, adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 0.57 (95% CI, 0.55-0.60), 0.48 (95% CI, 0.45-0.51), 0.61 (95% CI, 0.57-0.69), and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.30-0.36), for cancer of the colon or rectum, breast, liver, and prostate, respectively, compared with the same age groups of patients diagnosed during 1990 to 1994. However, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for elderly patients (those 75-85 years old) were only 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.69-0.84), and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.61-0.70), for the same 4 cancer sites, respectively. A similar, although weaker, age-related period effect was observed for lung and pancreatic cancers. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for lung cancer were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73-0.77) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.81-0.86), respectively, for patients aged 50 to 64 years and 75 to 85 years diagnosed between 2005 and 2009, compared with the same age groups of patients diagnosed between 1990 and 1994 (0.73 [95% CI, 0.69-0.77] and 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85-0.95], respectively. Compared with whites or Asians, African Americans experienced greater improvement in prostate cancer survival. From 1990 to 2009, ovarian cancer survival declined among African Americans but improved among whites. No apparent sex difference in the degree of improvement for any non-sex-specific cancer was noted.Younger patients experienced greater benefit from recent oncology advances than elderly patients. African Americans experienced poorer survival than whites for all cancers, and the racial difference decreased for prostate cancer but increased for ovarian cancer. Identifying factors associated with varied improvement in cancer survival can inform future improvements in cancer care for all.
Randomized phase II trial of carboplatin versus paclitaxel and carboplatin in platinum-sensitive recurrent advanced ovarian carcinoma: a GEICO (Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario) study
Authors: A.J. González-Martín, E. Calvo, I. Bover, M.J. Rubio, A. Arcusa, A. Casado, B. Ojeda, C. Balañá, E. Martínez, A. Herrero, B. Pardo, E. Adrover, J. Rifá, M.J. Godes, A. Moyano, A. Cervantes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Two cases of adult T-cell leukaemia
Authors: E. MATSUNAGA, Y. FUJII, N. SHIRAISHI, S. SEGUCHI, H. SHINKAI, S. TAKAYASU, T. YAMAMURA, S. MAEDA, K. YAMAGUCHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

A 70‐year‐old male and a 46‐year‐old female, both living in Japan, were seen because of multiple erythematous papules and plaques on the trunk and extremities. The peripheral white blood cell counts were increased to 30000–80000/mm3. The majority of white cells had characteristic lobulated and deeply indented nuclei. The patients and most of their family members had anti‐ATLV antibody. Using an OKT series of monoclonal antibodies the tumour cells were found to be T‐cells. Trisomy 21 was detected in the first case and ATL virus proviral DNA in the second.
Elevated Lactate Levels in Patients With Poorly Regulated Type 1 Diabetes and Glycogenic Hepatopathy: A New Feature of Mauriac Syndrome
Authors: Martijn C.G.J. Brouwers, Janneke C. Ham, Eddie Wisse, Shivani Misra, Sabine Landewe, Miranda Rosenthal, Dipesh Patel, Nick Oliver, Henk J.G. Bilo, Elaine Murphy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Glycogenic hepatopathy is a rare but probably underdiagnosed feature of poorly controlled diabetes, in particular type 1 diabetes. It is characterized by excessive hepatic glycogen storage as first described in 1930 by Mauriac as a part of a syndrome comprising growth retardation, delayed puberty, and Cushingoid features in young patients with type 1 diabetes (1). Recent case reports have demonstrated that glycogenic hepatopathy can be the sole presenting feature of Mauriac syndrome (reviewed in ref. 2).

Here, we describe four strikingly similar cases of young adults with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes who presented with excess hepatic glycogen storage and increased plasma lactate levels. The combination of these metabolic abnormalities led to the initial presumption …
Aspergillus culture filtrates and sputum sols from patients with pulmonary aspergillosis cause damage to human respiratory ciliated epithelium in vitro
Authors: R Amitani, T Murayama, R Nawada, W J Lee, A Niimi, K Suzuki, E Tanaka, F Kuze
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Aspergillus species frequently colonize lower respiratory tracts and lungs with localized underlying conditions (healed tuberculous cavity, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, etc.) even in subjects without systemic predisposing factors. We investigated the in vitro effects of culture filtrates of Aspergillus species and sputum sols from patients with pulmonary aspergillosis on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and epithelial integrity of human respiratory ciliated epithelium. Culture filtrates of 25 clinically isolated fungi (16 Aspergillus fumigatus, three Aspergillus niger, one Aspergillus flavus, three Candida albicans, and two Cryptococcus neoformans) were obtained by culturing the fungi in Medium-199 at 37 degrees C for 7 days, and five sputum sols were obtained from patients with pulmonary aspergillosis infected by A. fumigatus. During 6 h experiments using a photometric technique, 14 out of 16 A. fumigatus culture filtrates caused progressive and significant reduction in CBF associated with marked epithelial disruption, whilst the culture filtrates of A. niger and A. flavus caused minor epithelial damage without slowing of CBF, and Medium-199 alone (Control) showed neither epithelial damage nor slowing of CBF. All of the sputum sols also caused significant slowing of CBF as well as epithelial disruption. Culture filtrates of C. albicans and Cr. neoformans had no effects on human respiratory epithelium. We conclude that Aspergillus species, especially A. fumigatus release a factor (or factors) which causes damage to respiratory epithelium and slows CBF, and that these factors may contribute to the colonization of the lower respiratory tracts by the Aspergillus species and may possibly contribute to the further proliferation and spread of the lesions in pulmonary aspergillosis.
Involvement of LOX-1 in Dendritic Cell-Mediated Antigen Cross-Presentation
Authors: Yves Delneste, Giovanni Magistrelli, Jean-François Gauchat, Jean-François Haeuw, Jean-Pierre Aubry, Kayo Nakamura, Naoko Kawakami-Honda, Liliane Goetsch, Tatsuya Sawamura, Jean-Yves Bonnefoy, Pascale Jeannin
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Lifestyle related risk factors in the aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux
Authors: M Nilsson
Journal: Gut (2004)

The aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux is largely unknown. The authors' aim was to examine the relation between lifestyle habits and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms.Participants of two consecutive public health surveys in Nord-Trondelag, Norway.In a case control study within the two public health surveys, 3153 individuals who in the second survey reported severe heartburn or regurgitation during the last 12 months were defined as cases, while 40 210 people without reflux symptoms constituted the control group. The risk of reflux symptoms was estimated and multivariately calculated as odds ratios in relation to exposure to tobacco smoking, alcohol, coffee, tea, table salt, cereal fibres, and physical exercise.There was a significant dose response association between tobacco smoking and reflux symptoms. Among people who had smoked daily for more than 20 years the odds ratio was 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.5 to 1.9) compared with non-smokers. A similar positive association was found for table salt intake. The odds ratio for reflux was 1.7 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.0) among those who always used extra table salt compared with those who never did so. We found moderately strong negative associations between the risk of reflux and exposure to coffee, bread high in dietary fibre content, and frequent physical exercise. Intake of alcohol or tea did not affect the risk of reflux.Tobacco smoking and table salt intake seem to be risk factors for gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms. Dietary fibres and physical exercise may protect against reflux. Alcohol, coffee, and tea do not seem to be risk factors for reflux.
Comparison of Estrogen Receptor Results From Pathology Reports With Results From Central Laboratory Testing
Authors: Laura C. Collins, Jonathan D. Marotti, Heather J. Baer, Rulla M. Tamimi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

We compared estrogen receptor (ER) assay results abstracted from pathology reports with ER results determined on the same specimens by a central laboratory with an immunohistochemical assay. Paraffin sections were cut from tissue microarrays containing 3093 breast cancer specimens from women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study, 1851 of which had both pathology reports and tissue available for central laboratory testing. All sections were immunostained for ER at the same time. The original assays were biochemical for 1512 (81.7%) of the 1851 specimens, immunohistochemical for 336 (18.2%), and immunofluorescent for three (0.2%). ER results from pathology reports and repeat central laboratory testing were in agreement for 87.3% of specimens (1615 of the 1851 specimens; kappa statistic = 0.64, P < .001). When the comparison was restricted to the specimens for which the ER assays were originally performed by immunohistochemistry, the agreement rate increased to 92.3% of specimens (310 of the 336 specimens; kappa statistic = 0.78, P < .001). Thus, ER assay results from pathology reports appear to be a reasonable alternative to central laboratory ER testing for large, population-based studies of patients with breast cancer.
Differential alteration of vascular reactivity in rabbit aorta with modest elevation of serum cholesterol.
Authors: L A Merkel, L M Rivera, G E Bilder, M H Perrone
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The effect of diet-induced, moderate elevation of serum cholesterol on vascular reactivity in isolated rabbit abdominal aortic rings was examined by using a series of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agonists. Serum cholesterol of rabbits that were fed a cholesterol-free, casein-rich diet for 10 weeks was elevated approximately 4.5-fold compared with values found in control rabbits that were fed standard lab chow (223 +/- 41 versus 51 +/- 5 mg/dl, respectively). Relaxation responses to carbamylcholine chloride and (+/-)-isoproterenol hydrochloride in vessels from hypercholesterolemic rabbits were markedly inhibited in the presence of norepinephrine, prostaglandin F2 alpha, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and angiotensin II but not in the presence of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. The depressed vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic vessels appeared to depend on the agonist initiating the contraction. Sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations were unchanged in rings from hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared with rings from control rabbits for all contractile agonists except KCl. Isolated aortic rings from hypercholesterolemic rabbits exhibited a slight but significantly increased vasoconstrictor sensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine and KCl but not to norepinephrine, prostaglandin F2 alpha, angiotensin II, or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate compared with aortic rings from control rabbits. These results demonstrate that modest elevation of serum cholesterol is sufficient to depress vasodilator and enhance vasoconstrictor responses to certain agonists. Vasodilator effects are impaired to a greater extent by a small increase in serum cholesterol than are responses to vasoconstrictor agonists. It is postulated that the induction of differential alterations in vascular reactivity with moderate increase in serum cholesterol may represent important early events predisposing arteries to vasospasm.
Primary Care Physicians Who Treat Blacks and Whites
Authors: Peter B. Bach, Hoangmai H. Pham, Deborah Schrag, Ramsey C. Tate, J. Lee Hargraves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In the United States, black patients generally receive lower-quality health care than white patients. Black patients may receive their care from a subgroup of physicians whose qualifications or resources are inferior to those of the physicians who treat white patients.
NCCN Task Force Report: Optimizing Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma With Molecular Targeted Therapy
Authors: Gary R. Hudes, Michael A. Carducci, Toni K. Choueiri, Peg Esper, Eric Jonasch, Rashmi Kumar, Kim A. Margolin, M. Dror Michaelson, Robert J. Motzer, Roberto Pili, Susan Roethke, Sandy Srinivas
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

The outcome of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma has been substantially improved with administration of the currently available molecularly targeted therapies. However, proper selection of therapy and management of toxicities remain challenging. NCCN convened a multidisciplinary task force panel to address the clinical issues associated with these therapies in attempt to help practicing oncologists optimize patient outcomes. This report summarizes the background data presented at the task force meeting and the ensuing discussion.
COPD, obesity and non-invasive ventilation
Authors: Sandhya George, Sebastian Böing, Christina Priegnitz, Norbert Anduleit, Winfried Randerath
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition and in its severe form can lead to hypercapnic respiratory failure, with the need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Obesity is increasingly prevalent in society, so that some COPD patients also suffer from obesity. Both COPD and obesity can lead to sleep related hypoventilation, before manifest chronic (daytime) hypercapnic failure. A diagnosis of obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) cannot formally be made in the presence of COPD. However a subgroup of obese COPD patients exist, in whom COPD severity alone cannot explain the presence of respiratory failure.

Aims and objectives

To evaluate the characteristics of patients with COPD in our domiciliary non-invasive ventilation program in order to study the relationship between obesity and COPD.

Methods

A retrospective data analysis of all patients with COPD started on a NIV therapy between 2009-2010 in our hospital. Lung function, blood gas analysis and body mass index (BMI) were recorded at the initial presentation and at the 6 week and 6 month check.

Results

The mean pCO2 upon therapy initiation was 60 mmHg, falling overall to a mean of 43.8 mmHg at 6 weeks and remained at 42.3 mmHg at 6-12 months. The initial FEV1 was lower in COPD patients with a low ( 30).

Discussion

Obesity and a likely associated hypoventilation contributes to the development of hypercapnic respiratory failure in some patients with COPD. Obese COPD patients have a FEV1 which is higher than expected upon the onset of hypercapnic respiratory failure and require NIV at an earlier stage. The overlap between OHS and COPD needs to be further researched.
Association between CD8+ T-cell infiltration and breast cancer survival in 12 439 patients
Authors: H.R. Ali, E. Provenzano, S.-J. Dawson, F.M. Blows, B. Liu, M. Shah, H.M. Earl, C.J. Poole, L. Hiller, J.A. Dunn, S.J. Bowden, C. Twelves, J.M.S. Bartlett, S.M.A. Mahmoud, E. Rakha, I.O. Ellis, S. Liu, D. Gao, T.O. Nielsen, P.D.P. Pharoah, C. Caldas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
UK research gets £84m boost
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Twelve medical institutions in the UK and Ireland are to share an £84m (€121m; $155m) award to boost clinical research facilities over the next five years.

The award, the largest of its type, comes from a consortium of research funders led by the Wellcome Trust, and will help make the United Kingdom a world leader in clinical research, says the trust's director Mark Walport.

The money will go to developing existing clinical research facilities and setting up new ones. The facilities would give the UK a greatly enhanced capacity to do first class research in key areas including …
A mouse plasma PeptideAtlas as a resource for disease proteomics
Authors: Qing Zhang, Rajasree Menon, Eric W Deutsch, Sharon J Pitteri, Vitor M Faca, Hong Wang, Lisa F Newcomb, Ronald A DePinho, Nabeel Bardeesy, Daniela Dinulescu, Kenneth E Hung, Raju Kucherlapati, Tyler Jacks, Katerina Politi, Ruedi Aebersold, Gilbert S Omenn, David J States, Samir M Hanash
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract We present an in-depth analysis of mouse plasma leading to the development of a publicly available repository composed of 568 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry runs. A total of 13,779 distinct peptides have been identified with high confidence. The corresponding approximately 3,000 proteins are estimated to span a 7 logarithmic range of abundance in plasma. A major finding from this study is the identification of novel isoforms and transcript variants not previously predicted from genome analysis.
Palmoplantar pustulosis and sternocostoclavicular arthro-osteitis.
Authors: E Edlund, U Johnsson, L Lidgren, H Pettersson, G Sturfelt, B Svensson, J Theander, H Willén
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Seventeen patients with shoulder pain and radiographic involvement of the sternoclavicular or sternocostal joints, or both, are described. Eleven of these patients also had palmoplantar pustulosis. Histological examination of the joints showed chronic and subacute inflammation, increased osteoblastic activity, and cartilage degeneration. Propionibacterium acnes was cultured in tissue samples from seven of the 15 biopsied patients, a finding at variance with those of previous reports. The possibility that sternoclavicular arthro-osteitis is of infectious origin should be the subject of further investigation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may provide pain relief, possibly owing to their inhibitory action on osteoblasts. In cases of severely restricted movement or severe pain resection of the medial clavicle may be considered.
Severe exacerbations predict excess lung function decline in asthma
Authors: T. R. Bai, J. M. Vonk, D. S. Postma, H. M. Boezen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Severe asthma exacerbations are periods of intense airway inflammation that have been hypothesised to contribute to structural changes in the airways. If so, accelerated lung function decline over time should be more prevalent in adult patients with asthma who have frequent exacerbations than those without, but to date this has not been demonstrated. A cohort study was performed in order to investigate the effect of severe exacerbations on the progression of airway obstruction in 93 nonsmoking asthmatics with moderate-to-severe disease prior to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Subjects were followed for > or =5 yrs (median follow-up 11 yrs). In total, 56 (60.2%) subjects experienced at least one severe exacerbation (median rate 0.10.yr(-1)). Oral corticosteroid use and more severe airway obstruction at baseline were associated with a higher exacerbation rate. Independent of these variables, asthma patients with frequent exacerbations had a significantly larger annual decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1); median difference (95% confidence interval) 16.9 (1.5-32.2) mL.yr(-1)). Exacerbation rate significantly predicted an excess decline in FEV(1), such that one severe exacerbation per year was associated with a 30.2 mL greater annual decline in FEV(1). These data support the hypothesis that exacerbations, indicating intermittent periods of worsening airway inflammation, are associated with excess lung function decline in asthma.
HGF-MET signals via the MLL-ETS2 complex in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shugaku Takeda, Han Liu, Satoru Sasagawa, Yiyu Dong, Paul A. Trainor, Emily H. Cheng, James J. Hsieh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

HGF signals through its cognate receptor, MET, to orchestrate diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell fate specification, organogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL), an epigenetic regulator, plays critical roles in cell fate, stem cell, and cell cycle decisions. Here, we describe a role for MLL in the HGF-MET signaling pathway. We found a shared phenotype among Mll(-/-), Hgf(-/-), and Met(-/-) mice with common cranial nerve XII (CNXII) outgrowth and myoblast migration defects. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that MLL was required for HGF-induced invasion and metastatic growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. HGF-MET signaling resulted in the accumulation of ETS2, which interacted with MLL to transactivate MMP1 and MMP3. ChIP assays demonstrated that activation of the HGF-MET pathway resulted in increased occupancy of the MLL-ETS2 complex on MMP1 and MMP3 promoters, where MLL trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4), activating transcription. Our results present an epigenetic link between MLL and the HGF-MET signaling pathway, which may suggest new strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Vitreous Surgery for Chronic Macular Holes
Authors: Daniel B. Roth, William E. Smiddy, William Feuer
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)

Objective:The purpose of the study is to compare the results of vitreous surgery for a group of patients with chronic macular holes with a group of patients with acuteonset macular holes undergoing identical surgery.Design: A case-control study design was used. Participants:The duration of symptoms of visual loss due to macular holes was greater than 1 year's duration in 11 eyes in each group consecutively operated on within a few days.Intervention: All patients underwent macular hole surgery.Main Outcome Measures: Ophthalmoscopic resolution of the macular hole, improvement of 2 lines of visual acuity or greater, improvement in mean and median visual acuity, and rate of 20/40 or greater final visual acuity.Results: The hole resolved in 9 of 11 eyes in the chronic group and 10 of 11 eyes in the acute group.The mean (median) preoperative visual acuity was 20/151 (20/200) in the chronic group and 20/139 (20/200) in the acute group.The 3-month mean (median) postoperative visual acuity was 20/85 (20/80) in the chronic group and 20/62 (20/63) in the acute group.The final mean (median) postoperative visual acuity was 20/96 (20/ 100) in the chronic group and 20/48 (20/50) in the acute group (P = 0.022).The mean interval to final follow-up examination was 70 weeks for the chronic group and 44 weeks for the acute group.Five (45%) of 11 eyes with chronic holes and 8 (73%) of 11 eyes in the acute group had a final visual acuity of 2 lines or better than the preoperative visual acuity.Cataract extraction had been performed by the final follow-up examination in 7 chronic eyes (64%) and 2 acute eyes (18%).Conclusions: Chronic macular holes have a similar anatomic success rate, but a poorer visual prognosis than acute holes after macular hole surgery.Vitreous surgery benefits some patients with idiopathic macular holes of greater than 1 year's duration.