tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a Distal Attachment in Endoscopic Resection of Colorectal Polyps Situated behind Semilunar Folds
Authors: H. Yoshikane, H. Hidano, A. Sakakibara, Y. Niwa, H. Goto
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

It is difficult, dangerous, and time consuming to resect colorectal polyps situated behind the semilunar folds. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a distal attachment in the endoscopic resection of these polyps.The study group consisted of 11 patients, each with a colorectal polyp situated behind a semilunar fold, and of which the base was invisible without the use of a distal attachment. With the attachment fitted to the distal end of the endoscope, we pressed the semilunar fold situated at the anal side of the polyp so that the polyp, including its base, could be brought within the visual field. Maintaing the optimal position, we snared, ligated, and resected all polyps by electrocautery.The polyps were of sessile type in eight patients and pendunculated type in three, with a diameter ranging from 7 to 18 mm (mean 11 mm). Although the base of the polyp was invisible under conventional observation, pressing the fold brought good visualization. The optimal position for snaring the polyp was secured by fine endoscopic adjustment, and the polyps were easily resected in all patients.We conclude that the distal attachment is a simple but very valuable tool in the endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps situated behind the semilunar folds, and recommend its routine use in both diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LYMPH AND BLOOD VESSELS OF THE RABBIT TRACHEA
Authors: Beatrice Carrier SeegaL, David Seegal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Winternitz, Smith, and Robinson have offered as experimental evidence in support of the lymphatic path of infection in lobar pneumonia, a series of injection experiments of the rabbit's tracheal submucosa. What these investigators supposed to be lymphatics are shown by us to be an unusual type of venous supply consisting of short, wide, and richly anastomosing vascular channels. 2. There is little homology between the structure and distribution of the lymph and blood vessels in the human and rabbit trachea. 3. Injections of pneumococci by the tracheal route to produce lobar pneumonia in the rabbit include an intravenous administration of these organisms when the mucosa is pierced or injured.
Patterns and Trends in Food Portion Sizes, 1977-1998
Authors: Samara Joy Nielsen, Barry M. Popkin
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> While general consensus holds that food portion sizes are increasing, no empirical data have documented actual increases. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine trends in food portion sizes consumed in the United States, by eating location and food source. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Nationally representative data from the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (1977-1978) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (1989-1991, 1994-1996, and 1998). The sample consists of 63 380 individuals aged 2 years and older. <h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3> For each survey year, average portion size consumed from specific food items (salty snacks, desserts, soft drinks, fruit drinks, french fries, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, pizza, and Mexican food) by eating location (home, restaurant, or fast food). <h3>Results</h3> Portion sizes vary by food source, with the largest portions consumed at fast food establishments and the smallest at other restaurants. Between 1977 and 1996, food portion sizes increased both inside and outside the home for all categories except pizza. The energy intake and portion size of salty snacks increased by 93 kcal (from 1.0 to 1.6 oz [28.4 to 45.4 g]), soft drinks by 49 kcal (13.1 to 19.9 fl oz [387.4 to 588.4 mL]), hamburgers by 97 kcal (5.7 to 7.0 oz [161.6 to 198.4 g]), french fries by 68 kcal (3.1 to 3.6 oz [87.9 to 102.1 g]), and Mexican food by 133 kcal (6.3 to 8.0 oz [178.6 to 226.8 g]). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Portion sizes and energy intake for specific food types have increased markedly with greatest increases for food consumed at fast food establishments and in the home.
VERY LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH BARE-METAL STENTS FOR UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Akihiro Nomura, Kyohei Yamaji, Yoshimitsu Soga, Shinichi Shirai, Kenji Ando, Koyu Sakai, Masashi Iwabuchi, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
SPECTINOMYCIN-RESISTANT PENICILLINASE-PRODUCING NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
Authors: WinstonA. Ashford, HarveyJ.U. Adams, StevenR. Johnson, Clyde Thornsberry, DavidW. Potts, J.C. English, JamesW. Biddle, HaroldW. Jaffe
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
MULTIPLE SEVERE INJURIES FROM A BOMB EXPLOSION: OPERATION: RECOVERY
Authors: N. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1917)

I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M EDICALJOUSNAl 30J very occasionally, owing to the light respiration, the patient may become a trifle bluish under chloroform.Since 1901, whlen I first used it by the closed metlhod, I gave etljyl clhloride as a preliminary to etherization, but since administering "mitigated ether" it occurred to me that a better preliminary would be a few drops of a mixture of two parts of etlher and one part of clhloroform dropped into the bag of the inlhaler, just as is etlhyl chloride.At first I used to drop tlle mixture on to a little wad of wool fixed in the angle piece to whicll the bag is attached, but I soon found it better to spray directly into the bag 15 to 20 drops (not minims-2 drops are about equal to 1 minim) Pf EAC1.This quiantity seems to be equivalent to the usual dose of 3 c.cm. of ethyl chloride.The few drops of this mixture do not volatilize so quickly as does etlhvl chloride, the vapour does not surge into tlle lhead so rapidly, and the transition from tle one mixture of clhloroforn and etlher to anotlher mixture of the same comnponents seems some- what easier, quicker, and smnoother than from ethyl chloride to ether or to "mitigated ether."The small quantity of mixture so administered is far less costly and more convenient than ethyl clhloride, and I now use it before giving ether in private worlk.With regard to the course of anaestlhesia during the administration of E156C I lhave had two cases in which respiration ceased, in one of wlicll the fault was due to inadvertence.In bothl cases the pulse and colour remained excellent, and respiration quickly restarted after a few compressions of the chest.Otherwise I lhave had no danger or trouble;With regard to lung troubles I liave had four cases of pneumonia and two or three of bronchitis.Pneumzonia.Case 1.-Patient aged 25; stone in ureter.No cough before operation.Anaesthletic, EXCI, E16C1.Aniaesthesia lasted about fifty minutes.Three days afterwards the patient develope(l a high temperature aud cough.The officer in charge said the patient had a bronchopneumonic patch lasting three days.Case 2.-Patient aged 22; double hernia.Had cough for years and been subject to attacks of bronichitis since childhood.Anaesthetic, E2C1, Er6C1, followed by clhloroform as soon as under.Developed pnenmonic signs at riglht base, later on had signs at bothbases.The patieit was very ill, but recovered.Case 3.-Patient aded 26; appendicectomy.Anaesthetic, E16CI, chloroform for a few minlutes, El6Cl.Administration Jasted half an hour.Had general bronchitis and right apical pneumonia.Denies previous cough.Case 4.-Patient aged 23; inephrolithotomy.Rather pinik and flabby-lookinig; clhest niormal, no cough.Anaesthetic, E2C1, E16C1.Perfect aniaesthesia for three-quarters of an hour.Next day developed bronchitis and higlh temperature, then bronchopneumonia; very ill for tthree days.The ward was a very cold and draughty onle.Bronchitis.
Abstract LB-48: DCLK1 targeted monoclonal antibodies demonstrate therapeutic potential against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dongfeng Qu, Nathaniel Weygant, Randal May, Parthasarathy Chandrakesan, Daniel Owen, Sripathi Sureban, Courtney Houchen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is overexpressed and marks a population of tumor-initiating cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It regulates key oncogenes, pluripotency factors, angiogenic factors, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related transcription factors. Therefore, DCLK1 may be a novel therapeutic target in PDAC. In this study we evaluated whether DCLK1-targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demonstrate therapeutic activity against pancreatic cancer. Human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1) were treated with mAbs against the C-terminal domain of human DCLK1 to assess their effect on gene expression, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity. Gene expression levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The proliferative and invasive potential of cells with or without mAb treatment were compared using a MTT assay for proliferation, wound healing assay for migration, and Matrigel coated transwell assay for invasion. Tumor xenografts originated from AsPC-1 cells in nude mice were also treated with these mAbs. Here we demonstrate that treating AsPC-1 cells with mAb against DCLK1 resulted in a more than 50% decrease in DCLK1 mRNA expression. The expression levels of several key tumor suppressor microRNAs, let7a, miR144, and miR200, were upregulated in cells treated with these mAbs. The expression levels of pancreatic cancer related oncogenes KRAS, NOTCH, and REG4, angiogenic factors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and EMT related genes, ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAIL, SLUG, and TWIST, were significantly downregulated (among 30-50% reduction) in the cells treated with mAb against DCLK1. Furthermore, AsPC-1 cells exhibited more than 20% decrease in migration and more than 40% decrease in invasion following anti-DCLK1 mAb treatment. Moreover, AsPC-1 xenograft tumor volumes were reduced approximately 20% following mAb treatment. These data implicate the C-terminal of DCLK1 as a potential signal transduction regulator of DCLK1 in cancer via tumor suppressor microRNA related mechanism similar to siRNA mediated knockdown of DCLK1. These results suggest that utilizing mAb targeting DCLK1 may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the tumor stem-like cell subpopulation in PDAC. Citation Format: Dongfeng Qu, Nathaniel Weygant, Randal May, Parthasarathy Chandrakesan, Daniel Owen, Sripathi Sureban, Courtney Houchen. DCLK1 targeted monoclonal antibodies demonstrate therapeutic potential against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-48. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-48
Criteria in Radioisotope Detection of Venous Thrombosis
Authors: K. Jeyasingh, H. I. Glass, N. H. Hills, J. S. Calnan
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Forty-one patients out of a larger series undergoing elective surgery were examined for the presence of venous thrombosis in the legs by means of the (125)I-fibrinogen technique. The radioisotope data were analysed by three different methods. The percentage uptake was calculated and, by the generally accepted difference of 15%, 22 patients had evidence of thrombosis. The statistical index, which takes account of the errors due to radioactivity counting inherent in the percentage uptake calculation, indicated thrombosis in 36 patients. The relative uptake index, which allows for the errors due to unequal distribution of radioactivity throughout the normal limb as well as the errors due to radioactivity counting, provided evidence of thrombosis in a total of 34 patients, compared with only 22 patients when assessed by the "15%" criterion.
Neutrophil-mediated microvascular dysfunction in postischemic canine skeletal muscle. Role of granulocyte adherence.
Authors: D L Carden, J K Smith, R J Korthuis
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Recent studies implicate a role for granulocytes in the genesis of the microvascular and parenchymal cell dysfunction, which occurs upon reperfusion of ischemic tissues. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying this neutrophil-mediated injury are not completely understood, it is clear that an essential first step in granulocyte migration from the vascular lumen to the interstitial space is adherence to vascular endothelium. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prevention of neutrophil adherence with monoclonal antibody IB4 directed against the neutrophil CD11/CD18 glycoprotein adherence complex or neutrophil depletion with a specific polyclonal antineutrophil serum would attenuate the microvascular dysfunction seen in postischemic skeletal muscle. Changes in vascular permeability were assessed by measurement of the solvent drag reflection coefficient for total plasma proteins (sigma) in isolated canine gracilis muscle subjected to ischemia/reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion plus antineutrophil serum, or ischemia/reperfusion plus IB4. Estimates of sigma averaged 0.83 +/- 0.04 in nonischemic, control gracilis muscles, while ischemia/reperfusion was associated with a marked increase in vascular permeability (decrease in sigma to 0.54 +/- 0.04) and vascular resistance (increased by 135 +/- 41% over the control value). Prevention of neutrophil adherence or neutrophil depletion prevented this increase in vascular permeability (sigma = 0.80 +/- 0.03 and 1.01 +/- 0.06, respectively) and resistance (decrease of 16.51 +/- 8.0% and increase of 2.4 +/- 4.6% over control values, respectively). The results of this study suggest that neutrophils play a critical role in the genesis of microvascular dysfunction in postischemic skeletal muscle. Furthermore, neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelium appears to be a prerequisite for the production of this injury.
When to start drug therapy in epilepsy
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Discussing the usefulness of drugs in childhood epilepsy, Dr Newton (January 2004, JRSM1) suggests that ‘After two seizures most people will have a further seizure and this is probably the pivotal point at which the decision to treat or to delay treatment should be made’. Since antiepileptic drugs do not alter the natural course or long-term remission rate of epilepsy, the primary aim of treatment is to prevent seizure recurrence. In certain patients the recurrence rate after a single episode is particularly high—for example, those with a history of brain injury;2 those who had status epilepticus;3 and those who had a partial rather than a generalized seizure.4 The risk of recurrence after a first episode of seizure is much higher in children with abnormal electroencephalograms (EEGs) than in those with normal EEGs (80% versus 31%).5 Those with an abnormal CT scan at initial seizure have a higher risk of recurrence than those with normal scans.6 Though I agree with Dr Newton that antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are generally not required after a first episode of unprovoked seizure, these are factors that might favour early treatment.

Children and parents also need education on how to avoid precipitating factors. In one study, a lower relapse rate (uninfluenced by AED therapy) was observed in a group educated to avoid such factors.7 If drugs are prescribed, many patients and caregivers need help in managing prescriptions to minimize the risk of adverse effects.8
Screening Measure to Assess Knowledge of Diabetes in Pregnancy
Authors: Anthony Spirito, Laurie Ruggiero, Andrea Bond, Lee Rotondo, Donald R Coustan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The purpose of this study was to develop a brief measure to assess knowledge regarding diabetes in pregnancy (Diabetes in Pregnancy Knowledge Screen [DPKS]). A test-retest design was used for subjects enrolled in a diabetes in pregnancy program at a university hospital. There were 58 women with overt diabetes (OD; insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent) and 67 women with gestational diabetes (GD). Three forms of the DPKS scale were developed for use with women with OD and women with GD treated or not treated with insulin. Adequate readability, internal consistency (r = 0.71), and testretest reliability (r = 0.76) were demonstrated with the DPKS. Initial support for the validity of the measure is suggested by its ability to differentiate women with GD versus OD, women on insulin versus those who are diet controlled, and women with shorter versus longer duration of illness. The DPKS may prove a useful clinical tool for diabetes educators working with pregnant women.
INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ON THE PREVALENCE OF PNEUMONIA.Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: C. MAX RICHTER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

More than ever, physicians try to discover the cause of disease. Great discoveries have been made and for a number of diseases certain bacilli have been found to be the specific agents. More than ten years ago it was believed that such a bacillus had been discovered as the direct cause of pneumonia, and many consider pneumonia to-day an infective disease caused by a diplococcus. Still it is a relatively rare occurrence that this bacillus pneumoniæ is found in pneumonia, and the riddle of the nature of this disease is by no means solved. If I am ready now to bring indirect proofs of the nature of pneumonia before you, without referring to bacillar origin, I am induced to do so from the extraordinary exactness of such proofs. We understand that under the heading of pneumonia a number of different forms of this disease are included and we have reason
GP is struck off for imposing his religious views on a vulnerable patient
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A Christian GP has been struck off the UK medical register for exploiting a suicidal patient’s vulnerability by imposing his religious views on her, significantly risking her health.

Thomas O’Brien, 56, “soaked” the patient with religion, which strongly influenced her to stop her antidepressant and blood pressure medicines, a panel of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service found.

“Patient A” had anxiety, depression, and a borderline personality disorder related to childhood abuse. O’Brien was a …
Respiratory symptoms in Danish farmers: an epidemiological study of risk factors.
Authors: M Iversen, R Dahl, J Korsgaard, T Hallas, E J Jensen
Journal: Thorax (1988)

An epidemiological study was performed with a self administered questionnaire in a representative sample of 1685 Danish farmers. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of self reported asthma, wheezing during work, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis and to evaluate possible risk factors for the development of these symptoms. A response rate of 73.3% was obtained. The prevalence of asthma was 7.7% and of chronic bronchitis 23.6% in responders. The prevalence of asthma and chronic bronchitis increased from 3.6% and 17.9% in 31-50 year old farmers to 11.8% and 33.0% in 51-70 year old farmers, and from 5.5% and 17.5% in dairy farmers to 10.9% and 32.0% in pig farmers. A logistic regression analysis with correction for age and smoking habits confirmed that pig farming was a risk factor for asthma (odds ratio 2.03), chronic bronchitis (odds ratio 1.53), and wheezing during work (odds ratio 3.33).
Climate change: permission to act
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Last month Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, called climate change the defining issue for public health for the 21st century (www.who.int/dg/speeches/2007/20071211_maryland/en/index.html). Why are her words important? Because they place climate change squarely in the health arena. They give doctors not just permission but a professional duty to work to tackle climate change. So, what should doctors do?

A J McMichael and colleagues explore the risks to health and social equity posed by climate change and environmental degradation (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39392.473727.AD). Rising temperatures and extreme weather will bring shortages of food, water, and fuel and loss of homes and livelihoods. Promoting …
The Administration Responds to the Cost Spiral
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

At a time when the general economy is slowing, medical-care costs are rising at a virtually unprecedented rate. This dynamic is leading the Reagan administration to design new cost-control mechanisms for Medicare and Medicaid that would sharply limit reimbursement levels for providers and increase the cost of care for consumers. This phenomenon is also calling into serious question the effectiveness of the four-year-old "Voluntary Effort to Contain Health Care Costs," which the nation's major private health interests launched in their successful effort to thwart former President Carter's hospital-cost-control legislation.Although the Reagan administration is firmly on record as being in . . .
CD5 positive B cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: phorbol ester mediated enhancement of detection.
Authors: P Youinou, L Mackenzie, J Jouquan, P Le Goff, P M Lydyard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

CD5 molecules present on human T cells are detectable but weakly expressed on some human B cells. We have increased the sensitivity of their detection by treating the B enriched cells with phorbol myristic acetate (PMA), a tumour promoting agent. The numbers of CD5+ B cells in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were higher than in control blood, and after PMA treatment this was statistically significant. CD5+ B cells were also increased in tonsils, lymph nodes, and spleens after PMA activation. There were no significant differences between the percentages of B cells carrying chi or lambda light chains in their expression of CD5 molecules in patients with RA.
Boundaries in the Physician-Patient Relationship
Authors: Arnold A. Lazarus
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Drs Gabbard and Nadelson<sup>1</sup>on professional boundaries in the physician-patient relationship correctly states that boundary issues have probably been most extensively addressed in the psychiatric literature. Perhaps the most serious boundary violation occurs when a therapist abandons his or her fiduciary responsibilities by entering into a sexual relationship with a patient. Consequently, throughout their article, Gabbard and Nadelson stress the theme of sexual misconduct both explicitly and implicitly. It is in the latter regard, where insinuations of possible sexual impropriety are raised, that their exposition is particularly troublesome. Unethical practitioners with sexual intentions in mind might begin to pave the way by any of the following: making inappropriate personal revelations, scheduling the patient at times when nobody else is present, prolonging the therapy sessions, using suggestive language, arranging meetings outside the office, offering services above and beyond the call of duty, greatly reducing
THE RELATION OF LIFE INSURANCE TO INEBRIETY.Read before the American Association for the Study and Cure of Inebriety, at the monthly meeting in New York City, Dec. 10, 1890.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

As introductory to a brief study of this subject some general experience will make clear the conclusions which I wish to urge. During the past fourteen years I have been exclusively engaged in the institutional cure and treatment of inebriates. In the large number of persons of this class who have come under my observation many of them have been insured for large amounts in the best life insurance companies of the country. I have no statistics of the exact number, but I am confident that from a third to one-half of all the inebriates under my care carry insurance policies of greater or less amount. While the object of all companies is to insure only sound healthy lives, it is evident that this is not the fact in a large number of cases. It has come to my knowledge that many of these cases have been insured