tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations on MENOPAUSAL INSANITY AND BACTERIAL TOXAEMIA
Authors: T. G. Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1932)

improvement followed this, and at subsequent examina-Observations tions a diagnosis of fibrosis uteri was made.Operation ON was discussed, but, since the patient was unvilling-MlENOP'AUSAL INSANiITY AND BACTERIAL q the condition not being very severe-op3rative treatment MENOPAUSAL INSANTY AND BACTERIAL was not carried out. TOXAEMIADuring the spring of 1930 some friends noticed that BY her manner had to a certain extent changed.She was more silent than usual, and was apathetic.In Jutly, 1930, T. GILLMAN MOORHEAD, M.D., -P.R.C.P.I. she went for a-holiday with her husband.During this CONSULTING I'IIY'SICIAN, MERCEIR'S HOSP'IT.AL, DIU5LIN holiday she suffered from severe uterine haemorrhage, and felt very unwell.On her return home she was in Focal sepsis as a factor in the causation of mental disease fair health, till one day she received a severe mental was one of the subjects under discussion at the Annual shock in the shape of a telephone message telling her of Meeting of the British Medical* Association in Edinburgh the illness of a relative.Half an hour afterwards she in 1927.To this discussion William Hunter contributed was found lying on her bed in a semi-coInscious state.the opening paper, and review%ed the subject at considerable She was then unable to answer questions, and had appar- length.He quoted the experience of Cotton -in America ently forgotten everything that had happened to her in and of Graves in Birmingham to the effect that the theprevious few months.She was removed to a nursing removal of septic foci frequently led to im-provement or home, where a tentative diagnosis of cerebral thrombosis was made, though it is probable that the condition was complete recovery in cases of even apparently hopeless really one of acute stupor.She recovered slowly, and insanity.Hunter rightly laid stress on the fact that the after two months was able to return home, although only test of the part played by a septic focus as a cause her mental state was far from normal, her memory being of insanity in any given iindividual was the test of removal extremely defective.Her voice at this time was clear, but of that focus.In the discussion that followed there was when spoken to she generally repeated what was said to by no means general agreement as to the part played.her,-and presented in many ways the phenomena of by sepsis in mental disorder; and it was pointed out that automatism.focal sepsis existed just as frequently in the sane asIn October, 1930, as already stated, I first saw the
Some sex hormone profiles are consistent over time in normal menstruating women: implications for sports injury epidemiology
Authors: S J Shultz, L Wideman, M M Montgomery, B J Levine
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

It is unclear whether sex hormone profiles obtained in two consecutive months are consistent within women. Month-to-month consistency in daily, nadir, peak and mean hormone concentrations during the early follicular and luteal phases in recreationally active, young eumenorrheic women was prospectively examined.60 healthy, non-smoking women who reported normal and consistent menstrual cycles lasting 26-32 days for the past 6 months were followed prospectively to obtain serum samples for the first 6 days of menses and for 8 days after a positive ovulation test over two consecutive months. Month-to-month consistency of daily concentrations of oestradiol (pg/ml), progesterone (ng/ml), testosterone (ng/dl), sex hormone-binding globulin (nmol/l) and free androgen index were determined using linear mixed models. Month-to-month consistency in nadir, peak and mean concentrations were then assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and SEM to more precisely examine intraindividual consistency.Linear mixed models revealed stable hormone concentrations across cycles and cycles by day. Reliability estimates for nadir, peak, mean menses and mean postovulatory concentrations range from 0.56 to 0.86 for oestradiol, 0.44 to 0.91 for progesterone, 0.60 to 0.86 for testosterone, 0.88 to 0.97 for sex hormone-binding globulin and 0.78 to 0.91 for free androgen index.Hormone profiles were reproducible over two consecutive months. To reduce month-to-month intraindividual variations and improve measurement consistency, it is recommended that multiple samples be taken over consecutive days as opposed to a single sample.
Differential Expression of Axl and Gas6 in Renal Cell Carcinoma Reflecting Tumor Advancement and Survival
Authors: Anna Gustafsson, Danuta Martuszewska, Martin Johansson, Carl Ekman, Sassan Hafizi, Börje Ljungberg, Björn Dahlbäck
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is implicated in several cancers. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the expression of Axl and its ligand Gas6 in various renal cell carcinoma (RCC) types and in oncocytoma.Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to quantify tumor mRNA levels for Axl and Gas6 in a cohort (n = 221) of RCC patients. Serum levels of soluble sAxl and Gas6 proteins were measured using specific ELISA assays (n = 282). The presence of Axl protein in tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (n = 294). Results were correlated to tumor-associated variables, clinical biochemical tests, and patient survival.Tumor Axl mRNA levels correlated independently to survival when assessed against tumor stage and grade. In the study group, the median cancer-specific survival of all RCC patients during 307 months of follow-up was 55 months (confidence interval, +/-40.4). The 25% of patients with lowest tumor Axl mRNA levels had significantly better survival than the rest (P = 0.0005), with 70% of the patients still alive at the end of follow-up. In contrast, in patients with medium-high Axl mRNA, only 25% were alive at the end of follow-up. Tumor Gas6 mRNA levels correlated to survival, tumor-associated variables, and disease severity as did serum levels of soluble sAxl and Gas6 protein. However, no correlation between Axl protein in tumor tissue and survival was found.Axl and Gas6 expression in RCC are associated with tumor advancement and patient survival. In particular, low tumor Axl mRNA levels independently correlated with improved survival.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor–Mediated Radiosensitization of Human Cancer Cells: Class Differences and the Potential Influence of p53
Authors: In Ah Kim, Jin Hee Shin, Il Han Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Jae Sung Kim, Hong Gyun Wu, Eui Kyu Chie, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park, Gary D. Kao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) are emerging as potentially useful components of the anticancer armamentarium and as useful tools to dissect mechanistic pathways. HDIs that globally inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC) have radiosensitizing effects, but the relative contribution of specific HDAC classes remains unclear. Newly characterized HDIs are now available that preferentially inhibit specific HDAC classes, including SK7041 (inhibits class I HDACs) and splitomicin (inhibits class III HDACs). We investigated in human cancer cells the relative radiosensitizations that result from blocking specific HDAC classes. We found that trichostatin A (TSA; inhibitor of both class I and II HDACs) was the most effective radiosensitizer, followed by the class I inhibitor SK7041, whereas splitomicin (inhibitor of class III) had least effect. Interestingly, radiosensitization by TSA in cell lines expressing p53 was more pronounced than in isogenic lines lacking p53. Radiosensitization of cells expressing p53 by TSA was reduced by pifithrin-α, a small-molecule inhibitor of p53. In contrast, the radiosensitization by TSA of cells expressing low levels of p53 was enhanced by transfection of wild-type p53–expressing vector or pretreatment with leptomycin B, an inhibitor of nuclear export that increased intracellular levels of p53. These effects on radiosensitization were respectively muted or not seen in cells treated with SK7041 or splitomicin. To our knowledge, this may be among the first systematic investigations of the comparative anticancer effects of inhibiting specific classes of HDACs, with results suggesting differences in the degrees of radiosensitization, which in some cell lines may be influenced by p53 expression.
Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 envelope protect more effectively in vivo than those to the CD4 receptor
Authors: Amarendra Pegu, Zhi-yong Yang, Jeffrey C. Boyington, Lan Wu, Sung-Youl Ko, Stephen D. Schmidt, Krisha McKee, Wing-Pui Kong, Wei Shi, Xuejun Chen, John-Paul Todd, Norman L. Letvin, Jinghe Huang, Martha C. Nason, James A. Hoxie, Peter D. Kwong, Mark Connors, Srinivas S. Rao, John R. Mascola, Gary J. Nabel
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 envelope protect more effectively than an antibody to the CD4 cell receptor in rhesus macaques.
Prophylactic effects of olsalazine v sulphasalazine during 12 months maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis. The Danish Olsalazine Study Group.
Authors: S Kiilerich, K Ladefoged, T Rannem, P J Ranlov
Journal: Gut (1992)

In a Danish multicentre trial we compared the relapse preventing effects of olsalazine and sulphasalazine in patients with ulcerative colitis over a 12 month treatment period. Two hundred and twenty seven patients (118 men) with at least two previous attacks of ulcerative colitis were randomly allocated according to a prearranged treatment schedule to olsalazine 500 mg bd or sulphasalazine 1 g bd in a double blind, double dummy fashion. One hundred and ninety seven patients completed the trial. The relapse rate after 12 month in the olsalazine group was 46.9% v 42.4% in the sulphasalazine group with a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions of -9% to 18%. Seven per cent of the patients were withdrawn from the trial because of adverse drug reactions and these were equally distributed between the two groups.
Toward Resolving Deep Neoaves Phylogeny: Data, Signal Enhancement, and Priors
Authors: R. C. Pratt, G. C. Gibb, M. Morgan-Richards, M. J. Phillips, M. D. Hendy, D. Penny
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

We report three developments toward resolving the challenge of the apparent basal polytomy of neoavian birds. First, we describe improved conditional down-weighting techniques to reduce noise relative to signal for deeper divergences and find increased agreement between data sets. Second, we present formulae for calculating the probabilities of finding predefined groupings in the optimal tree. Finally, we report a significant increase in data: nine new mitochondrial (mt) genomes (the dollarbird, New Zealand kingfisher, great potoo, Australian owlet-nightjar, white-tailed trogon, barn owl, a roadrunner [a ground cuckoo], New Zealand long-tailed cuckoo, and the peach-faced lovebird) and together they provide data for each of the six main groups of Neoaves proposed by Cracraft J (2001). We use his six main groups of modern birds as priors for evaluation of results. These include passerines, cuckoos, parrots, and three other groups termed "WoodKing" (woodpeckers/rollers/kingfishers), "SCA" (owls/potoos/owlet-nightjars/hummingbirds/swifts), and "Conglomerati." In general, the support is highly significant with just two exceptions, the owls move from the "SCA" group to the raptors, particularly accipitrids (buzzards/eagles) and the osprey, and the shorebirds may be an independent group from the rest of the "Conglomerati". Molecular dating mt genomes support a major diversification of at least 12 neoavian lineages in the Late Cretaceous. Our results form a basis for further testing with both nuclear-coding sequences and rare genomic changes.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Results of Intraaortic Balloon Pumping and Surgery for Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: W. BRUCE DUNKMAN, ROBERT C. LEINBACH, MORTIMER J. BUCKLEY, ELDRED D. MUNDTH, ARTHUR R. KANTROWITZ, W. GERALD AUSTEN, CHARLES A. SANDERS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The AVCO balloon pump has been employed in treating 40 patients with cardiogenic shock from acute myocardial infarction (CS-MI). All patients were given a trial of medical therapy with hemodynamic monitoring. The time from the development of shock to institution of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) was less than 24 hours in all but nine patients. Prior to IABP the mean hemodynamic values were: cardiac index (CI) 1.7 liters/min/m 2 ; mean arterial pressure (MAP) 66 mm Hg; pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAW) 22 mm Hg. After 24-48 hours of IABP the CI and MAP had increased 0.8 liters/min/m 2 and 8 mm Hg, respectively, and the PAW had decreased 4.8 mm Hg. During IABP the shock syndrome was reversed in 31 patients. Four of 25 patients treated with IABP alone survived to be discharged, but two have died from subsequent infarctions. Because of the persistent high mortality, 15 patients judged unable to survive off IABP have undergone emergency surgical procedures with IABP continuing during preoperative angiography and postoperatively. Six were long-term survivors. It is concluded: (1) IABP is a safe, effective means of supporting the circulation in CS-MI; (2) IABP alone will improve survival in some patients; (3) IABP can provide circulatory support during angiography and the perioperative period in patients requiring revascularization for survival; and (4) some patients with CS-MI have myocardial necrosis too extensive to permit survival without permanent circulatory assistance or total cardiac replacement.
Renal Artery Revascularization
Authors: Anthony A. Bavry, Samir R. Kapadia, Deepak L. Bhatt, Dharam J. Kumbhani
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Gijs W. D. Landman, MD, PhD; Kornelis J. J. van Hateren, MD, PhD; Peter R. van Dijk, MD, PhD; Susan J. J. Logtenberg, MD, PhD; Sebastiaan T. Houweling, MD, PhD; Klaas H. Groenier, PhD; Henk J. G. Bilo, MD, PhD, FRCP; Nanne Kleefstra, MD, PhD
Quantitative Metabolome Profiling of Colon and Stomach Cancer Microenvironment by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Akiyoshi Hirayama, Kenjiro Kami, Masahiro Sugimoto, Maki Sugawara, Naoko Toki, Hiroko Onozuka, Taira Kinoshita, Norio Saito, Atsushi Ochiai, Masaru Tomita, Hiroyasu Esumi, Tomoyoshi Soga
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, even in the presence of an adequate oxygen supply (Warburg effect). However, little has been reported regarding the direct measurements of global metabolites in clinical tumor tissues. Here, we applied capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which enables comprehensive and quantitative analysis of charged metabolites, to simultaneously measure their levels in tumor and grossly normal tissues obtained from 16 colon and 12 stomach cancer patients. Quantification of 94 metabolites in colon and 95 metabolites in stomach involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the TCA and urea cycles, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolisms resulted in the identification of several cancer-specific metabolic traits. Extremely low glucose and high lactate and glycolytic intermediate concentrations were found in both colon and stomach tumor tissues, which indicated enhanced glycolysis and thus confirmed the Warburg effect. Significant accumulation of all amino acids except glutamine in the tumors implied autophagic degradation of proteins and active glutamine breakdown for energy production, i.e., glutaminolysis. In addition, significant organ-specific differences were found in the levels of TCA cycle intermediates, which reflected the dependency of each tissue on aerobic respiration according to oxygen availability. The results uncovered unexpectedly poor nutritional conditions in the actual tumor microenvironment and showed that capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, which is capable of quantifying the levels of energy metabolites in tissues, could be a powerful tool for the development of novel anticancer agents that target cancer-specific metabolism.
Ontogeny of B cells in the chicken. I. Sequential development of clonal diversity in the bursa.
Authors: P M Lydyard, C E Grossi, M D Cooper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The initial development and distribution of lymphocytes expressing surface IgM (sIgM) and of specific antigen-binding cells (ABC) were studied in the chicken in an attempt to gain information on the process by which B-cell diversity is generated. The antigens used were sheep erythrocytes (SE), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and poly-L(Tyr, Glu)poly-D,L-Ala-poly-L-Lys (TGAL). The results indicate that generation of the total sIgM-positive population begins in the bursa and that specific clones of ABC develop in a fixed sequential pattern which is not influenced by either deprivation of or deliberate exposure to exogenous antigens. Cells bearing sIgM by immunofluorescence (IgM-positive cells) were detected first in the bursa on the 12th day of incubation, KLH-ABC and TGAL-ABC by the 16th day, and SE-ABC on the 18th day. The doubling time of the sIgM-positive population of bursal cells was determined to be approximately 10 h before significant antigen-independent seeding to the spleen began a few days before hatching. Clonal expansion of SE-ABC in the bursa also appeared to be antigen independent as was the initial development of SE-ABC in the blood and spleen which ceased abruptly after bursectomy at hatching. Specific ABC were observed to develop in multiple bursal follicles as small foci of ABC among the much larger total population of sIgM-positive cells within an individual follicle. Intravenously infused SE-ABC homed to the embryonic spleen but not to the bursa. The results are interpreted as favoring a hypothetical model in which individual stem cells give rise to multiple clones of B cells by a predetermined pattern of sequential expression of variable region genes.
Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia
Authors: V. Soriano, I. Hewlett, A. Heredia, J. Pedreira, M. Gutiérrez, R. Bravo, A. Castro, J. González-Lahoz, R.S. Kaczmarski, G.J. Mufti, S. Sutherland, G. Yousef, F. Davison, J. Moxham, E. Gane, Roger Williams, StanleyH. Weiss, CarolWeston Klein, RaghavanK. Mayur, James Besra, ThomasN. Denny, S.A. Misbah, H.M. Chapel, Jeffrey Laurence
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
The conservation and evolutionary modularity of metabolism
Authors: José M Peregrín-Alvarez, Chris Sanford, John Parkinson
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Cellular metabolism is a fundamental biological system consisting of myriads of enzymatic reactions that together fulfill the basic requirements of life. The recent availability of vast amounts of sequence data from diverse sets of organisms provides an opportunity to systematically examine metabolism from a comparative perspective. Here we supplement existing genome and protein resources with partial genome datasets derived from 193 eukaryotes to present a comprehensive survey of the conservation of metabolism across 26 taxa representing the three domains of life.In general, metabolic enzymes are highly conserved. However, organizing these enzymes within the context of functional pathways revealed a spectrum of conservation from those that are highly conserved (for example, carbohydrate, energy, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism enzymes) to those specific to individual taxa (for example, those involved in glycan metabolism and secondary metabolite pathways). Applying a novel co-conservation analysis, KEGG defined pathways did not generally display evolutionary coherence. Instead, such modularity appears restricted to smaller subsets of enzymes. Expanding analyses to a global metabolic network revealed a highly conserved, but nonetheless flexible, 'core' of enzymes largely involved in multiple reactions across different pathways. Enzymes and pathways associated with the periphery of this network were less well conserved and associated with taxon-specific innovations.These findings point to an emerging picture in which a core of enzyme activities involving amino acid, energy, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism have evolved to provide the basic functions required for life. However, the precise complement of enzymes associated within this core for each species is flexible.
A thermographic and clinical comparison of three intra-articular steroid preparations in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H A Bird, E F Ring, P A Bacon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

We have compared three intra-articular steroid preparations in a double blind study on 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and bilateral synovitis of the knees. One knee was injected with 1.0 ml of either prednisolone t-butyl acetate, methyl prednisolone acetate, or triamcinolone hexacetonide, and the patients were followed up for 6 weeks with regular clinical and thermographic assessments. Thermographic improvement was seen with all 3 drugs but was greatest initially and longest lasting with triamcinolone. No significant systemic improvement was seen with any drug after a single injection, though all 3 steroid preparations suppressed endogenous cortisol.
LMX1B is Essential for the Maintenance of Differentiated Podocytes in Adult Kidneys
Authors: Tillmann Burghardt, Jürgen Kastner, Hani Suleiman, Eric Rivera-Milla, Natalya Stepanova, Claudio Lottaz, Marion Kubitza, Carsten A. Böger, Sarah Schmidt, Mathias Gorski, Uwe de Vries, Helga Schmidt, Irmgard Hertting, Jeffrey Kopp, Anne Rascle, Markus Moser, Iris M. Heid, Richard Warth, Rainer Spang, Joachim Wegener, Claudia T. Mierke, Christoph Englert, Ralph Witzgall
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Mutations of the LMX1B gene cause nail-patella syndrome, a rare autosomal-dominant disorder affecting the development of the limbs, eyes, brain, and kidneys. The characterization of conventional Lmx1b knockout mice has shown that LMX1B regulates the development of podocyte foot processes and slit diaphragms, but studies using podocyte-specific Lmx1b knockout mice have yielded conflicting results regarding the importance of LMX1B for maintaining podocyte structures. In order to address this question, we generated inducible podocyte-specific Lmx1b knockout mice. One week of Lmx1b inactivation in adult mice resulted in proteinuria with only minimal foot process effacement. Notably, expression levels of slit diaphragm and basement membrane proteins remained stable at this time point, and basement membrane charge properties also did not change, suggesting that alternative mechanisms mediate the development of proteinuria in these mice. Cell biological and biophysical experiments with primary podocytes isolated after 1 week of Lmx1b inactivation indicated dysregulation of actin cytoskeleton organization, and time-resolved DNA microarray analysis identified the genes encoding actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins, including Abra and Arl4c, as putative LMX1B targets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments in conditionally immortalized human podocytes and gel shift assays showed that LMX1B recognizes AT-rich binding sites (FLAT elements) in the promoter regions of ABRA and ARL4C, and knockdown experiments in zebrafish support a model in which LMX1B and ABRA act in a common pathway during pronephros development. Our report establishes the importance of LMX1B in fully differentiated podocytes and argues that LMX1B is essential for the maintenance of an appropriately structured actin cytoskeleton in podocytes.