tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Class IV HD-Zip Gene Family in Streptophytes
Authors: Christopher S. Zalewski, Sandra K. Floyd, Chihiro Furumizu, Keiko Sakakibara, Dennis W. Stevenson, John L. Bowman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Class IV homeodomain leucine zipper (C4HDZ) genes are plant-specific transcription factors that, based on phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana, play an important role in epidermal development. In this study, we sampled all major extant lineages and their closest algal relatives for C4HDZ homologs and phylogenetic analyses result in a gene tree that mirrors land plant evolution with evidence for gene duplications in many lineages, but minimal evidence for gene losses. Our analysis suggests an ancestral C4HDZ gene originated in an algal ancestor of land plants and a single ancestral gene was present in the last common ancestor of land plants. Independent gene duplications are evident within several lineages including mosses, lycophytes, euphyllophytes, seed plants, and, most notably, angiosperms. In recently evolved angiosperm paralogs, we find evidence of pseudogenization via mutations in both coding and regulatory sequences. The increasing complexity of the C4HDZ gene family through the diversification of land plants correlates to increasing complexity in epidermal characters.
Quality of Life in IBS Patients Treated With Mebeverine Hydrochloride or Pinaverium Bromide–Results of an International Prospective Observational Cohort Study in Poland, Egypt, Mexico, and China
Authors: Xiaohua Hou, Shengliang Chen, Yali Zhang, Weihong Sha, Xiaofeng Yu, Hesham Elsawah, Afifi Fahmy Afifi, Hisham Raafat El Khayat, Alaa Nouh, Mohamed Fathalla Hassan, Ayman Abdel Fatah, Isabel Rucker Joerg, Juan Manuel Sanchez Núñez, Rodolfo Osthoff Rueda, Grazyna Jurkowska, Michal Walczak, Ewa Malecka-Panas, Krzysztof Linke, Marek Hartleb, Gwendolyn Janssen-van Solingen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Interactions between Non-Physician Clinicians and Industry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Quinn Grundy, Lisa Bero, Ruth Malone
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

In a systematic review of studies of interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry, Quinn Grundy and colleagues found that many of the issues identified for physicians' industry interactions exist for non-physician clinicians. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Physician-Assisted Death in Psychiatric Practice in the Netherlands
Authors: Johanna H. Groenewoud, Paul J. van der Maas, Gerrit van der Wal, Michiel W. Hengeveld, Alfons J. Tholen, Willem J. Schudel, Agnes van der Heide
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In 1994 the Dutch Supreme Court ruled that in exceptional instances, physician-assisted suicide might be justifiable for patients with unbearable mental suffering but no physical illness. We studied physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in psychiatric practice in the Netherlands.
Epidural Analgesia for Labor and Delivery
Authors: Joy L. Hawkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 30-year-old pregnant woman is undergoing induction of labor and is experiencing severe pain despite intravenous opioid administration. Epidural analgesia is recommended. Epidural analgesia involves the injection of a local anesthetic agent and an opioid analgesic agent into the lumbar epidural space. These agents diffuse across the dura and act on the spinal nerve roots. Rates of cesarean delivery are not increased with epidural analgesia.
The Relationship Between Systemic and Whole-Body Hematocrit Is Not Constant during Ultrafiltration on Hemodialysis
Authors: Sandip Mitra, Paul Chamney, Roger Greenwood, Ken Farrington
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

The measurement of relative blood volume (RBV) changes during ultrafiltration assume a constant mass and distribution of circulating blood components such as hematocrit. The authors examine the validity of this assumption in 10 subjects undergoing repeated direct measurements of systemic hematocrit and plasma volume (PV(icg)) using indocyanine green dilution at four stages of dialysis with intermittent ultrafiltration. Ultrasonic RBV changes were monitored. Absolute blood volumes (ABV) were initially derived for each PV(icg) estimate, and corresponding measured systemic hematocrit was adjusted by a factor of 0.86 to correct for the difference between the systemic and whole-body hematocrit (constant Fcell ratio). PV(icg) and ABV changes correlated closely (R = 0.98; P <0.001). ABV changes overestimated reduction in PV(icg) during ultrafiltration (mean difference, -140 +/- 202 ml). The calculated red cell mass however was variable (P <0.01). Fcell ratio was then adjusted at each blood volume measurement (Fcell(1), 0.87 +/- 0.02; Fcell(2), 0.89 +/- 0.03; Fcell(3), 0.94 +/- 0.06; Fcell(4), 0.94 +/- 0.04; P <0.01) to maintain a constant red cell mass (2146 +/- 460 ml). When ABV was recalculated using PV(icg), systemic hematocrit and variable Fcell (ABV(Fvariable)), the mean difference between PV(icg) changes and ABV(Fvariable) changes, was negligible (-0.2 +/- 35 ml). During intermittent ultrafiltration, RBV changes systematically underestimated the percentage reduction in ABV (mean difference, 7.7 +/- 10.6%). When corrected for variations in Fcell, ABV(Fvariable) and RBV differences were negligible (mean difference 1.2 +/- 2.6%). Varying Fcell ratio probably reflects microvascular volume change with net fluid shift from the microcirculation to macrocirculation (intravascular refill). This may result in underestimation of changes in systemic hematocrit and RBV during dialysis such that they were less than those predicted by directly measured changes in plasma volume.
AUTOIMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH <i>PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS</i>
Authors: ERNESTO MENDES, RAIMUNDO MARTINS DE CASTRO
Journal: Allergy (1976)

The presence of conventional autoantibodies in the sera from 28 patients with Pemphigus foliaceus (South American pemphigus) was investigated. Gastric parietal cell antibody was found in six patients (21.4 per cent); and in two of them mitochondrial antibody was also detected. Antibody to smooth muscle was found in one patient. Based on the above results, the role of autoimmunity in Pemphigus foliaceus was discussed. Nuclear and rheumatoid factors were not detected, and antibodies against glomerular components, salivary duct and thyreoglobulin were not found.
TSLP Elicits IL-33–Independent Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses to Promote Skin Inflammation
Authors: Brian S. Kim, Mark C. Siracusa, Steven A. Saenz, Mario Noti, Laurel A. Monticelli, Gregory F. Sonnenberg, Matthew R. Hepworth, Abby S. Van Voorhees, Michael R. Comeau, David Artis
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are essential to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis–like disease in a TSLP-dependent, IL-33–independent manner.
Defective suppression by insulin of leucine-carbon appearance and oxidation in type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Evidence for insulin resistance involving glucose and amino acid metabolism.
Authors: P Tessari, R Nosadini, R Trevisan, S V De Kreutzenberg, S Inchiostro, E Duner, G Biolo, M C Marescotti, A Tiengo, G Crepaldi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To determine whether a resistance to insulin in type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is extended to both glucose and amino acid metabolism, six normal subjects and five patients with IDDM, maintained in euglycemia with intravenous insulin administration, were infused with L-[4,5-3H]leucine (Leu) and [1-14C]alpha ketoisocaproate (KIC). Steady-state rates of leucine-carbon appearance derived from protein breakdown (Leu + KIC Ra) and KIC (approximately leucine) oxidation were determined at basal and during sequential euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic (approximately 40, approximately 90 and approximately 1,300 microU/ml) clamps. In the euglycemic postabsorptive diabetic patients, despite basal hyperinsulinemia (24 +/- 6 microU/ml vs. 9 +/- 1 microU/ml in normals, P less than 0.05), Leu + KIC Ra (2.90 +/- 0.18 mumol/kg X min), and KIC oxidation (0.22 +/- 0.03 mumol/kg X min) were similar to normal values (Leu + KIC Ra = 2.74 +/- 0.25 mumol/kg X min) (oxidation = 0.20 +/- 0.02 mumol/kg X min). During stepwise hyperinsulinemia, Leu + KIC Ra in normals decreased to 2.08 +/- 0.19, to 2.00 +/- 0.17, and to 1.81 +/- 0.16 mumol/kg X min, but only to 2.77 +/- 0.16, to 2.63 +/- 0.16, and to 2.39 +/- 0.08 mumol/kg X min in the diabetic patients (P less than 0.05 or less vs. normals at each clamp step). KIC oxidation decreased in normal subjects to a larger extent than in the diabetic subjects. Glucose disposal was reduced at all insulin levels in the patients. In summary, in IDDM: (a) Peripheral hyperinsulinemia is required to normalize both fasting leucine metabolism and blood glucose concentrations. (b) At euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps, lower glucose disposal rates and a defective suppression of leucine-carbon appearance and oxidation were observed. We conclude that in type 1 diabetes a resistance to the metabolic effects of insulin on both glucose and amino acid metabolism is present.
Maternal animal protein intake during pregnancy and risk of overweight in offspring 20 years later: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ekaterina Maslova, Dorte Rytter, Bodil H Bech, Tine B Henriksen, Morten A Rasmussen, Sjurdur F Olsen, Thorhallur I Halldorsson
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Effects of oxygen inhalation in ascitic cirrhotic patients: Therapeutic implications?
Authors: Jens H. Henriksen
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

In patients with cirrhosis, O 2 uptake, i.e., O 2 consumption, is abnormally deceased. We administered 50% O 2 for 30 min in eight patients with alcoholic cirrhosis to determine whether the subsequent increase in arterial O 2 content may correct the low O 2 consumption. In addition, we studied in these patients the reflex control of cardiac output and blood pressure by arterial baroreceptors, as O 2 inhalation induces a systemic vasoconstriction. Arterial O 2 tension, oxyhaemoglobin saturation and arterial O 2 content significantly increased as well as systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure. In contrast, O 2 consumption (which was below normal values) under basal conditions, O 2 transport, O 2 extraction ratio, heart rate, right atrial and pulmonary wedged pressures, cardiac output, hepatic venous pressures, hepatic and azygos blood flows were unaffected by O 2 administration. In three patients receiving air, no significant change was observed. Our results show that, in patients with cirrhosis, inhalation of 50% O 2 does not correct O 2 consumption. We may conclude that reflex control of cardiac output and arterial pressure by arterial baroreceptors is impaired in these patients.
A FURTHER NOTE ON RELAPSING FEBRILE NODULAR NON-SUPPURATIVE PANNICULITIS
Authors: F. PARKES WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article A FURTHER NOTE ON RELAPSING FEBRILE NODULAR NON‐SUPPURATIVE PANNICULITIS Get access F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician to the German Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 6, 1 June 1935, Pages 230–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09861.x Published: 01 June 1935
Reduction of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane by heparanase does not lead to proteinuria
Authors: M.J. van den Hoven, T.J. Wijnhoven, J.-P. Li, E. Zcharia, H.B. Dijkman, R.G. Wismans, A.L. Rops, J.F. Lensen, L.P. van den Heuvel, T.H. van Kuppevelt, I. Vlodavsky, J.H.M. Berden, J. van der Vlag
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Inhibiting the mTOR Pathway Synergistically Enhances Cytotoxicity in Ovarian Cancer Cells Induced by Etoposide through Upregulation of c-Jun
Authors: Hiroaki Itamochi, Tetsuro Oishi, Muneaki Shimada, Shinya Sato, Kazunori Uegaki, Jun Naniwa, Seiya Sato, Michiko Nonaka, Naoki Terakawa, Junzo Kigawa, Tasuku Harada
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The mTOR pathway is thought to be a central regulator of proliferation and survival of cells. Rapamycin and its analogs are undergoing clinical trials in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. This study aimed to assess the potential to use rapamycin and anticancer agents in combination for first- and second-line chemotherapy to treat ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: We used six ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cell lines (KF, KOC-2S, SHIN-3, SK-OV-3, TU-OS-3, and TU-OS-4) in this study. We treated the cells with rapamycin and anticancer agents, then assessed cell viability, apoptosis, and the expression of protein in apoptotic pathways and molecules downstream of the mTOR signaling pathways. We also investigated the effect of these drug combinations on survival in nude mouse xenograft models. Results: Synergistic effects were observed in five cell lines from the combination of etoposide and rapamycin. However, we observed antagonistic effects when rapamycin was combined with gemcitabine, cisplatin, or paclitaxel on more than two cell lines. Rapamycin dramatically enhanced apoptosis induced by etoposide and the expression of cleaved caspase 9. This effect was associated with upregulation of phosphorylated c-Jun and downregulation of Bcl-xL. The synergistic interaction of rapamycin and etoposide was lower when the c-Jun pathway was suppressed by a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor (SP600125). Finally, treating nude mice with rapamycin and etoposide significantly prolonged survival in the model mice with ovarian cancer xenografts. Conclusions: Chemotherapy with rapamycin and etoposide combined is worth exploring as a treatment modality for women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(14); 4742–50. ©2011 AACR.
The human immunodeficiency virus gp120 binding site on CD4: delineation by quantitative equilibrium and kinetic binding studies of mutants in conjunction with a high-resolution CD4 atomic structure.
Authors: U Moebius, L K Clayton, S Abraham, S C Harrison, E L Reinherz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The first immunoglobulin V-like domain of CD4 contains the binding site for human immunodeficiency virus gp120. Guided by the atomic structure of a two-domain CD4 fragment, we have examined gp120 interaction with informative CD4 mutants, both by equilibrium and kinetic analysis. The binding site on CD4 appears to be a surface region of about 900 A2 on the C" edge of the domain. It contains an exposed hydrophobic residue, Phe43, on the C" strand and four positively charged residues, Lys29, Lys35, Lys46, and Arg59, on the C, C', C", and D strands, respectively. Replacement of Phe43 with Ala or Ile reduces affinity for gp120 by more than 500-fold; Tyr, Trp, and Leu substitutions have smaller effects. The four positively charged side chains each make significant contributions (7-50-fold). This CD4 site may dock into a conserved hydrophobic pocket bordered by several negatively charged residues in gp120. Class II major histocompatibility complex binding includes the same region on CD4; this overlap needs to be considered in the design of inhibitors of the CD4-gp120 interaction.
Comparison of eicosanoids in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Orsolya Drozdovszky, Balázs Antus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Current methods of monitoring lung diseases do not directly reflect underlying inflammatory processes, and mediator levels in respiratory samples obtained by different sampling techniques could be different. In this study we have compared the concentrations of prostaglandin E 2  (PGE 2 ), 8-isoprostane, cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-LTs) and leukotriene B 4  (LTB 4 ) in induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collected from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).  23 stable, ex-smoker COPD patients (age: 63.1±1.8 years, 45.1±3.5 pack-years) were investigated. Levels of eicosanoids were determined by enzyme-immunoassay (Cayman). Data are presented as median with interquartile ranges.  Concentrations of cys-LTs were significantly higher in sputum (211.9 [128.6-827.1] pg/ml) compared to BAL (122.5 [60.4-256.1] pg/ml) or EBC (33.8 [19.9-58.1] pg/ml, p 4  levels were also higher in sputum compared to BAL (8-isoprostane: 29.7 [13.8-60.8] vs. 22.0 [12.7-57.7] pg/ml, p=NS; LTB 4 : 276.1 (105.4-594.7] vs. 27.5 [10.7-84.3] pg/ml, p 2  was detectable only in sputum and BAL. Of importance, we found significant correlations between the number of neutrophils and the levels of LTB 4  (r=0.52, p  Our data suggest that eicosanoid levels are highest in the sputum and lowest in the EBC. Nonetheless, mediators only in sputum show associations with inflammatory cell profiles.
Homologous Recombination in GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus
Authors: Michael Worobey, Edward C. Holmes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Analysis of 33 GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) full or nearly full genome sequences revealed several putative inter- and intrasubtype recombinants. The breakpoints of the recombinant regions were mapped using a maximum-likelihood method, and the statistical significance for each region was tested using Monte Carlo simulation. The results were highly significant and provided evidence for the existence of complex mosaic genomes showing as many as nine recombination events, with breakpoints in the 5′ UTR and in all of the coding regions except the short NS4b gene. Recombination was confirmed by separate phylogenetic analysis of the various recombinant regions and by Sawyer's runs test. Taken together, these findings demonstrate for the first time that recombination is common in natural populations of GBV-C and that it takes place both within and between subtypes. The wide-ranging implications of such nonclonal history for reconstructing the spread and timescale of GBV-C evolution are discussed.
MicroRNA-218 Regulates Vascular Patterning by Modulation of Slit-Robo Signaling
Authors: Eric M. Small, Lillian B. Sutherland, Kartik N. Rajagopalan, Shusheng Wang, Eric N. Olson
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale: Establishment of a functional vasculature requires the interconnection and remodeling of nascent blood vessels. Precise regulation of factors that influence endothelial cell migration and function is essential for these stereotypical vascular patterning events. The secreted Slit ligands and their Robo receptors constitute a critical signaling pathway controlling the directed migration of both neurons and vascular endothelial cells during embryonic development, but the mechanisms of their regulation are incompletely understood. Objective: To identify microRNAs regulating aspects of the Slit-Robo pathway and vascular patterning. Methods and Results: Here, we provide evidence that microRNA (miR)-218, which is encoded by an intron of the Slit genes, inhibits the expression of Robo1 and Robo2 and multiple components of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that miR-218 directly represses the expression of Robo1, Robo2, and glucuronyl C5-epimerase (GLCE), and that an intact miR-218–Slit–Robo regulatory network is essential for normal vascularization of the retina. Knockdown of miR-218 results in aberrant regulation of this signaling axis, abnormal endothelial cell migration, and reduced complexity of the retinal vasculature. Conclusions: Our findings link Slit gene expression to the posttranscriptional regulation of Robo receptors and heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes, allowing for precise control over vascular guidance cues influencing the organization of blood vessels during development.
Lysis of inducer T cell clones by activated macrophages and macrophage-like cell lines.
Authors: A Rao, S J Faas, L J Miller, P S Riback, H Cantor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

We describe a sequence of reciprocal interactions between cloned inducer T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC) that results in selective depletion of the antigen-reactive inducer cells. We show that corecognition of antigen and I-A by hapten-reactive inducer T cell clones results in (a) release of macrophage-activating factor (MAF) and other lymphokines, (b) expression of lytic activity by a subset of MAF-sensitized APC after triggering, and (3) lysis (mediated by the activated and triggered macrophage) of the inducer T cell clone and other cells in the vicinity. We suggest that this sequence of steps may limit the extent of macrophage-mediated tissue destruction by depleting the specific inducer T cell clones that initiate the response.
Zona glomerulosa cells of the mouse adrenal cortex are intrinsic electrical oscillators
Authors: Changlong Hu, Craig G. Rusin, Zhiyong Tan, Nick A. Guagliardo, Paula Q. Barrett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Aldosterone, which plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure, is produced by zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells of the adrenal gland. When dysregulated, aldosterone is pathogenic and contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal disease. Although sustained production of aldosterone requires persistent Ca2+ entry through low-voltage activated Ca2+ channels, isolated ZG cells are considered nonexcitable, with recorded membrane voltages that are too hyperpolarized to permit Ca2+ entry. Here, we show that mouse ZG cells within adrenal slices spontaneously generate membrane potential oscillations of low periodicity. This innate electrical excitability of ZG cells provides a platform for the production of a recurrent Ca2+ signal that can be controlled by Ang II and extracellular potassium, the 2 major regulators of aldosterone production. We conclude that native ZG cells are electrical oscillators, and that this behavior provides what we believe to be a new molecular explanation for the control of Ca2+ entry in these steroidogenic cells.
Portal cholangiopathy: radiological classification and natural history
Authors: E. Llop, C. de Juan, S. Seijo, A. Garcia-Criado, J. G. Abraldes, J. Bosch, J. C. Garcia-Pagan
Journal: Gut (2011)

Portal cholangiopathy (PC) is identified in over 80% of patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), but the true impact of this condition is not well known. This study investigated the relationship between cholangiographic abnormalities and clinical symptoms and their evolution over time.67 consecutive patients with non-tumoral non-cirrhotic PVT following a standardised diagnostic protocol were studied. Findings at magnetic resonance angiography and cholangiography (MRA/MRC) were classified as no PC, grade I PC (minimal irregularities), grade II PC (stenosis without dilation) and grade III PC (stenosis with dilation). These changes were related to the presence of symptoms.22 patients were diagnosed with acute PVT and 45 presented with chronic PVT. Overall, 52 patients had PC (6 grade I, 12 grade II and 34 grade III). 14 patients developed symptoms, all of whom had grade III PC. 30% of patients with acute PVT developed grade III PC within 1 year. In those without grade III PC, follow-up MRC showed no progression of the biliary lesions to grade III. The 5-year probability of developing symptoms of PC after acute PVT was 19%. In 45 patients with chronic PVT, MRA/MRC showed grade III PC in 26. In those without grade III PC, no progression of PC was observed at further follow-up MRC. The prevalence of symptoms of PC in these patients was 22%.PC is a frequent complication that develops and stabilises early after PVT and becomes symptomatic in its more severe form (grade III). These data suggest that follow-up MRA/MRC is not mandatory and strategies to prevent the development of symptoms of PC should be tested in patients with grade III PC.