tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Luteinising hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome: Authors' reply
Authors: R Homburg, H S Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1989)

surgeries and have reported our early findings.2We extended our study to include animals for slaughter.As Drs McCarthy and Zumla refer to the organism being difficult to culture it is appropriate to present our methods, which by using a selective medium make the isolation and recognition of DF-2 organisms comparatively easy.Cotton wool tipped swabs of incisor teeth and gingival margins were placed in Amies char- coal based transport medium for delivery to the laboratory, where they were cultured using brain- heart infusion agar (Difco) containing horse blood 5%, cysteine hydrochloride 0 5 g/l, kanamycin 25 mg/l, and vancomycin 1 mg/l.Plates were incubated in 95% air and 5% carbon dioxide in 95% relative humidity at 37°C and examined after three and five days.Under these conditions DF-2 grew after three days as smooth grey convex, circular colonies about 2-3 mm in diameter.Gram stained smears showed pleomorphic Gram negati-ve bacilli with tapering ends, filamentous organisms being commonly seen.The identity of suspected isolates was confirmed using methods similar to those of Weaver et aP3 with the addition of rapid enzyme tests.In addition to organisms that conformed to previous descriptions of DF-2 others were isolated that fermented glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, and usually raffinose and inulin.They are thus similar to the DF-2 like strains reported by Weaver et al.4Altogether 469 swabs were collected from dogs, cats, and other animals; the table shows the results.
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Outcome After Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Christopher B. Granger, Jack Hirsh, Robert M. Califf, Jacques Col, Harvey D. White, Amadeo Betriu, Lynn H. Woodlief, Kerry L. Lee, Edwin G. Bovill, R. John Simes, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Although intravenous heparin is commonly used after thrombolytic therapy, few reports have addressed the relationship between the degree of anticoagulation and clinical outcomes. We examined the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in 29 656 patients in the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) trial and analyzed the relationship between the aPTT and both baseline patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods and Results Intravenous heparin was administered as a 5000-U bolus followed by an initial infusion of 1000 U/h, with dose adjustment to achieve a target aPTT of 60 to 85 seconds. aPTTs were collected 6, 12, and 24 hours after thrombolytic administration. Higher aPTT at 24 hours was strongly related to lower patient weight ( P &lt;.00001) as well as older age, female sex, and lack of cigarette smoking (all P &lt;.0001). At 12 hours, the aPTT associated with the lowest 30-day mortality, stroke, and bleeding rates was 50 to 70 seconds. There was an unexpected direct relationship between the aPTT and the risk of subsequent reinfarction. There was a clustering of reinfarction in the first 10 hours after discontinuation of intravenous heparin. Conclusions Although the relationship between aPTT and clinical outcome was confounded to some degree by the influence of baseline prognostic characteristics, aPTTs higher than 70 seconds were found to be associated with higher likelihood of mortality, stroke, bleeding, and reinfarction. These findings suggest that until proven otherwise, we should consider the aPTT range of 50 to 70 seconds as optimal with intravenous heparin after thrombolytic therapy.
Radionuclide Imaging of Septic Joints and Their Differentiation from Periarticular Osteomyelitis and Cellulitis in Pediatrics
Authors: ROBERT LISBONA, LEONARD ROSENTHALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Thirty-eight children who had septic arthritis, juxtaarticular osteomyelitis, cellulitis or a combination thereof were studied on consecutive days with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) and 67Ga-citrate (67Ga) imaging, respectively, in an attempt to make a definitive diagnosis. The 99mTc-MDP uptake reflects the bone response to the septic process, whereas 67Ga seems to be concentrated at the site of infection by the inflammatory components. By utilizing the information from both modalities the septic focus was disclosed in all cases, and in the majority of patients the precise location of the infection, i.e., bone, synovium, or adjacent soft tissue was possible. The relatively poor resolution of the gamma camera vis a vis radiography was the limiting factor, particularly with infants, in determining the exact site of the septic process. Early in the evolution of the disease radionuclide imaging is considerably more sensitive than radiography.
The effect of glucocorticoids on thyrotropin secretion
Authors: John F. Wilber, Robert D. Utiger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The effect of large doses of glucocorticoids on thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in normal and hypothyroid humans has been studied. Plasma TSH concentrations were measured before, during, and after treatment with dexamethasone given orally for 24-48 hr. In 17 patients with primary hypothyroidism, plasma TSH levels fell significantly during treatment to a mean of 54% of control (range 23-96%). Within 48 hr after the withdrawal of dexamethasone, TSH concentrations transiently increased above pretreatment values. The mean increase was to 156% of control (range 106-294). Similar changes, but of smaller magnitude, were observed in 15 normal subjects. Administration of single oral doses of dexamethasone and oral or intravenous doses of cortisol were followed by reduction of plasma TSH levels to 18-47% of control within 8-12 hr in eight hypothyroid patients. This fall also was followed by significant TSH rises above control values before they returned to the pretreatment levels. Mineralocorticoid administration was not followed by any changes in plasma TSH concentrations in three subjects.TSH responses to steroid were also studied in rats. In hypothyroid rats given dexamethasone intravenously, plasma TSH fell to 63% of control in 30-90 min and then returned to normal or above in 3-4 hr. Dexamethasone also reduced plasma TSH concentrations in normal rats but no rebound was observed in these animals. Dexamethasone did not block the increase in plasma TSH produced by thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) administration in vivo. Neither basal nor TRF-mediated TSH release from hemipituitaries in vitro was reduced by dexamethasone or corticosterone. These studies indicate that glucocorticoids reduce TSH secretion and suggest that this effect occurs at a suprahypophyseal level.
Caffeine enhances the slow-pressor response to angiotensin II in rats. Evidence for a caffeine-angiotensin II interaction with the sympathetic nervous system.
Authors: A Ohnishi, P Li, R A Branch, B Holycross, E K Jackson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The purpose of this study was to determine if caffeine augments the slow-pressor response to chronic low-dose infusions of angiotensin II (AII) or the rapid-pressor response to acute infusions of AII. AII was infused (125 ng/min i.p.) for 12 d via mini-osmotic pumps in four groups of rats: group I, intact rats not treated with caffeine (n = 9); group II, intact rats treated with caffeine (0.1% in drinking water, n = 9); group III, rats previously sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine, but not treated with caffeine (n = 10); and group IV, rats previously sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine and treated with caffeine (n = 10). Chronic low-dose AII infusions slowly elevated systolic blood pressure in all groups. Caffeine greatly augmented this slow-pressor response to AII in intact animals; however, caffeine failed to enhance AII-induced hypertension in sympathectomized rats. Caffeine pretreatment did not enhance the rapid-pressor response to acute intravenous infusions of AII. We conclude that caffeine augmented the slow-pressor effect of chronic low-dose infusions of AII via a mechanism that involved the sympathetic nervous system.
An Ethicist's Perspective on Health Care Reform
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

AT A TIME when this nation is scrutinizing numerous health care proposals for their economic, political, and legal palatability ( JAMA . 1992;268:2139-2141 and 1992;268:1635-1639), little emphasis has been placed, so it seems, on ethical considerations.  In the eyes of one medical ethicist, the debate is not only about politics and economics, but about a fundamental moral issue of how we treat people, especially people who are least able to defend themselves.  So contends Charles Dougherty, PhD, professor of philosophy and director of Creighton University's Center for Health Policy and Ethics. (Please see previous article.)  Dougherty (pronounced DOCK er tee) is author or coauthor of five books and three dozen articles in scholarly journals on the ethics of health care. He has helped design the health care proposal of Sen Robert J. Kerrey (D, Neb) and also that of the Catholic Health Association, St Louis, Mo, whose more than 1200 facilities comprise
Bone marrow glycophorin‐positive erythroid cells of myelodysplastic patients responding to high‐dose rHuEPO therapy have a different gene expression pattern from those of nonresponders
Authors: Agostino Cortelezzi, Gualtiero Colombo, Caterina Pellegrini, Ilaria Silvestris, Lorenza Moronetti Mazzeo, Silvano Bosari, Giorgio Lambertenghi Deliliers, Nicola Stefano Fracchiolla
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract The main clinical problems of low‐risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), as defined by the International Prognostic Scoring System, are infections and the need for frequent transfusions due to ineffective myelopoiesis and peripheral blood cytopenia. Promising results in treating MDS‐related anemia have been obtained using high‐dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). To evaluate the molecular basis of the response to rhEPO, we used commercially available macro‐arrays to investigate gene expression profiles in the glycophorin‐expressing (Gly + ) bone marrow (BM) erythroid cells of five responders (ERs) and five non‐responders (ENRs) to rhEPO treatment. The cells were separated by means of positive selection using an immunomagnetic procedure, after which flow cytometry showed that their purity was more than 97% in all cases. The array data were validated by means of real time RT‐PCR. The results showed that the genes responsible for proliferation/differentiation and DNA repair/stability were repressed in the BM Gly + erythroid cells of the ENRs, but almost normally expressed in the ERs. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in signal transduction suggested that the activity of the MAPK signaling pathway is inhibited in ERs. The different gene expression profiles of ERs and ENRs may provide a basis for early gene testing as a means of predicting the response to rhEPO of MDS patients with low endogenous EPO levels. Am. J. Hematol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of dwell time on carbonyl stress using icodextrin and amino acid peritoneal dialysis fluids
Authors: Yasuhiko Ueda, Toshio Miyata, Eric Goffin, Atsushi Yoshino, Reiko Inagi, Yoshitaka Ishibashi, Yuko Izuhara, Akira Saito, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Charles van Ypersele de Strihou
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Psychological problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas. II: Prospective study.
Authors: J Devlen, P Maguire, P Phillips, D Crowther
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Patients treated for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have a better prognosis than other patients with cancer so may have a lower prevalence of psychological and social morbidity. Trained interviewers used standardised methods to assess 90 patients at a mean of 32 months after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy had commonly caused adverse effects including hair loss, vomiting, nausea, and loss of appetite. Although most patients were free of disease and not receiving treatment at follow up, some still suffered from a lack of energy (31 patients), loss of libido (19), irritability (22), and tiredness (19); 30 patients complained of continued impairment of thinking or disturbance of short term memory. After diagnosis 21 patients had suffered from an anxiety state or depressive illness, or both, while 27 had experienced borderline anxiety or depression, or both. Mood disturbance was positively correlated with adverse effects of treatment, particularly those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Social adjustment was less affected, but failure to return to work, or a long delay in returning to work, and a persistent lack of interest in leisure activities gave cause for concern. These findings of substantial psychiatric and social morbidity in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma prompted a prospective study of these patients to determine their nature and duration.
847-6 Serum inflammatory markers correlate with hemoglobin levels in women undergoing evaluation for suspected ischemia: Results from the national heart, lung, and blood institute WISE study
Authors: Christopher B Arant, Timothy R Wessel, Marian B Olson, Steven E Reis, Oscar Marroquin, C.Noel Bairey Merz, George Sopko, William J Rogers, Barry L Sharaf, Karen M Smith, Sunil Mankad, B.Della Johnson, Eileen Handberg, Carl J Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Vaccination against rubella.
Authors: J S Dodge
Journal: BMJ (1972)

mean level of serum vitamin B12 among smokers is significantly less than among non-smokers.They discuss various factors which may have affected the serum B12 level, but they do not mention folate deficiency, which is common during pregnancy.Low serum Bi2 levels have been observed in over 40% of patients with megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency, and the levels rise slowly to within the normal range on treatment with folic acid alone.1 2 As Dr.McGarry and Miss Andrews have not published the serum folate levels in their group of pregnant women, it is not possible to draw conclusions from the B12 levels unless all the women were taking folic acid.-Iam, etc.,
A FOURTH DETAILED REPORT OF THE SUPERIOR AND LASTING RESULTS OF MY BI-INGUINAL OPERATION FOR SIMPLE AND COMPLICATED ASEPTIC RETROVERSION OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: A. GOLDSPOHN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Since Professor Kossmann<sup>1</sup>of Berlin has designated this operation by my name in a paper before the Berlin Medical Society, I may be excused for naming it so also, although I have so far applied to it its anatomic name only, notwithstanding that the combination of an extended Alexander operation, with bi-inguinal celiotomy and the Bassini hernia technic in closing the wounds with anchorage of the round ligaments to Poupart's ligaments, was made by me completely and solely in 1893, and performed in at least 75 cases, of which 47 were published, before I learned that any one else also was doing it. This operation owes its origin and persistent growth, in the face of much opposition, to the mandates of several stern anatomic facts: (1) The round ligaments of the uterus are the only structures connected with it that, as a part of it, are composed sufficiently of
THE TREATMENT OF FLAT FOOT BY THOMAS' METHOD.Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: W. R. TOWNSEND
Journal: JAMA (1890)

To the frequent occurrence and annoying symptoms of flat foot, we no doubt owe the large number of methods of treatment: we may choose between the braces of Whitman, Roberts, Woodbury, Sayre and others; the traction shoe of Shaffer and other mechanical appliances for forcibly twisting the distorted foot into position; the operation of Ogston and those who have modified his procedure; the supramalleolar osteotomy of Trendelenberg; tenotomies of different muscles; the treatment by means of pads of various materials placed under the arch of the foot; the use of suitable foot and toe exercises; the employment of artificial muscles to hold up the flattened foot; and the method of Hugh Owen Thomas, of Liverpool.  This list is probably not complete, but it is certainly varied enough to suit all men and all cases.  It is not my purpose in this paper to criticise or compare these methods one with
Gallium-67 Imaging and Computed Tomography in Early Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: SHLOMO LEIBOWICH, SABAH S. TUMEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is characterized by symptoms associated with gradual compression of retroperitoneal structures. This case report demonstrates the use of Ga-67 imaging and CT in the early diagnostic work-up of this disorder.
Points: Accumulation of midazolam in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Authors: A J Rampton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

but no obstructing lesion or other abnormality were found.He had an uneventful recovery.Acute pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel is a recognised, potentially fatal, clinical syndrome.'The mechanism is unknown, but the condition may be associated with serious pathology inside or outside the abdomen.'-3Our experience suggests that pulmonary thromboembolism may lead to this condition.1 Addison NV.Pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel.
OP0207-HPR Gender Differences in Educational Needs to Manage the Disease in Individuals with Spondyloarthritis: Table 1.
Authors: E. Haglund, S. Bergman, A. Bremander
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Patient education is a recommended part of the management of rheumatic diseases but knowledge is scarce concerning what educational needs that are most important from the patient9s point of view. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim was to evaluate what educational needs individuals with spondyloarthritis (SpA) reported to better manage their disease. Also to study if educational needs differ between men and women. <h3>Methods</h3> In 2011 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n=250) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n=250) were randomly chosen from a register at a specialist rheumatology clinic in a southwest region in Sweden. All patients identified were asked to answer to a postal survey. The survey included the ENAT (Educational Needs Assessment Tool) to assess educational needs of the patients. The questionnaire included 39 questions (rated as not at all important - extremely important) including seven domains measuring specific aspects of educational needs; managing pain (score 0-24), movements (0-20), feelings (0-16), disease process (0-28), treatment from health professionals (0-28), self-help (0-24) and support from others (0-16), with a total score 0-156. Descriptive data and difference needs between men and women were calculated using Chi-2-test and t-test. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 106 patients with AS (67% men) and 89 patients with PsA (40% men) responded and were included in the analyses. Mean age (SD) was 54 (13) years for AS and 58 (13) years for PsA. The individuals had a mean disease duration of 24 (range 2-52) years and 17 (3-42) years for AS and PsA patients respectively. In the question whether the patients wanted information to manage their rheumatic disease 43% (AS) and 45% (PsA) answered yes with no significant differences between the sexes. Educational needs differed in AS patients stratified on sex in the domains for pain and self-help and in PsA patients in the domains for pain and movements where women reported more extensive educational needs (Table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> There are extensive educational needs in patients with SpA, particularly in aspects of managing pain, movements and self-help. Almost half of the individuals wanted more information to make life easier while living with the disease. There is generally an increased need for information in women which should be considered in the clinical routine. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3224
Good news for mice with heart attacks: preventing acute myocardial injury by inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: G. A. MacGowan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Prevention of ischaemic injury in the heart in clinical situations currently relies on limiting ischaemic time as much as possible, despite a wealth of knowledge underlying the basic cellular processes that can reduce injury, such as in preconditioning. In the current issue of Cardiovascular Research , Chua et al. 1 describe the protective effects of overexpressing a modified apoptosis inhibitor (bifunctional apoptosis regulator, BAR) on acute myocardial injury, providing important information about the regulation of these pathways and the potential for future therapeutic targets.

Apoptosis as a physiological process is important in cardiac development. In chick embryo outflow tracts, at specific stages of development, the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes can reach 50% of total.2 In the adult heart apoptosis is important as a mechanism of cell loss in acute injury situations, such as ischemia and reperfusion injury, and also more indolent forms of heart injury, such as ventricular remodelling. Two pathways controlling apoptosis are described—extrinsic and intrinsic pathways (recently reviewed in detail3,4). The extrinsic pathway is mediated by the death receptor Fas/FasL with activation of caspase 8, … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +44 191 2137140; fax: +44 191 223 1175. E-mail address : guy.macgowan{at}nuth.nhs.uk
Woman's Hospital and Foundlings' Home.
Authors: Katharine V. H. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Detroit, June 22, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Longyear, President of the medical staff of the Woman's Hospital and Foundlings' Home, has requested me to ask you to notice in your journal the following resolution, which was adopted at a recent meeting of the Trustees of that Hospital: Whereas, The arrangement, providing that nurses from the Correspondence School of Health and Hygiene be allowed to practice in the Woman's Hospital and Foundlings' Home, was made without due consideration; therefore <i>Resolved</i>, That such arrangement be, and is hereby discontinued from this date, and that a resolution to the effect that no relation whatever exist between the said Correspondence School of Health and Hygiene and the Woman's Hospital and Foundlings' Home be published in medical journals
Dietary Oat Fiber Sources and Blood Lipids
Authors: Gregg M. Koval
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.—Cooper et al<sup>1</sup>have recently reviewed the variations and practical utility of blood lipid measurements and have suggested that oat bran has only a modest cholesterol-lowering effect, and that dietary fiber grain supplements reduce cholesterol levels mainly because they replace dietary saturated fats. They base their conclusions primarily on a publication by Swain et al<sup>2</sup>; however, additional studies have since examined the relationships between dietary fiber, diet, and blood lipids, and have concluded that the cholesterol-lowering effects of fiber are not strictly a function of dietary substitution.<sup>3-5</sup> Anderson et al<sup>3</sup>studied 20 hypercholesterolemic men in the metabolic ward who were randomly allocated to either oat bran or wheat bran for 21 days after a 7-day control-diet period. Control and treatment diets were designed to be identical in energy content and nutrients, and differed only in the amount of soluble fiber. Oat bran significantly decreased
Diabetes mellitus associated with the 3243 mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) mutation: Insulin secretion and sensitivity
Authors: Yoshihiko Suzuki, Takashi Iizuka, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Tetsuo Nishikawa, Yoshihito Atsumi, Takashi Kadowaki, Yoshitomo Oka, Hiroko Kadowaki, Matsuo Taniyama, Kazuhiro Hosokawa, Takayuki Asahina, Kempei Matsuoka
Journal: Metabolism (1997)