tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-481 Comparison of newer generation drug-eluting stents with bare metal stents in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A pooled analysis of EXAMINATION and COMFORTABLE AMI trials
Authors: Manel Sabate, Lorenz Räber, Dik Heg, Salvatore Brugaletta, Henning Kelbaek, Angel Cequier, Miodrag Ostojic, Andres Iñiguez, David Tüller, Antonio Serra, Andreas Baumbach, Patrick Serruys, Clemens von Birgelen, Rosana Hernandez-Antolin, Marco Roffi, Vicente Mainar, Marco Valgimigli, Peter Juni, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human airway epithelium.
Authors: F H Guo, S C Erzurum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Nitric oxide is an important mediator of inflammatory responses in the lung and a key regulator of pulmonary vascular and bronchomotor tone. We have shown that the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) isoform is continuously expressed in human airway epithelium at mRNA and protein/activity levels in vivo. However, removal of epithelial cells from the in vivo airway environment resulted in rapid loss of iNOS expression, which suggested that expression is dependent upon conditions and/or factors present in the airway. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for maintenance of expression in vivo, we evaluated regulation of iNOS expression in primary human airway epithelial cells. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was sufficient for induction of iNOS in primary human airway epithelial cells (HAEC) in vitro, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) potentiated the expression through stabilization of iNOS mRNA. The IFN-gamma/IL-4-induced iNOS expression in HAEC was delayed in onset and prolonged with expression up to 1 week. Furthermore, transfer of overlying culture media [conditioned media (CM)] to other HAEC led to iNOS induction. Interestingly, IFN-gamma/IL-4 induction of iNOS was dependent on new protein synthesis, whereas CM induction of iNOS was not. IFN-gamma and IL-4 activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1 and STAT6) in HAEC, but CM transfer to HAEC produced even higher levels of STAT1 activation than achieved by direct addition of cytokines. Thus, IFN-gamma/IL-4, which occurs in human lung lining fluid, led to iNOS expression in human airway epithelium through production of soluble mediators and stabilization of mRNA.
Predictors of neointimal regression six months after intravascular brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis
Authors: Hiroyuki Okura, Thosaphol Limpijankit, Hideaki Kaneda, Ryota Sakurai, Gary S. Mintz, Alexandra J. Lansky, Ron Waksman, Paul G. Yock, Yasuhiro Honda, Peter J. Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Selective Renal Artery Embolization
Authors: Manuel Mariasoosai
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IN A PATIENT with metastatic sarcoma to the kidney from a primary liposarcoma of the chest wall, the successful management of hematuria by use of embolization of the right renal artery can preclude the need for nephrectomy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 62-year-old man with a known history of liposarcoma of the chest wall with metastases in the lungs (Fig 1) being treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) was admitted from the emergency room for hematuria and clot retention. The hemorrhage was severe, requiring the transfusion of four units of blood. An excretory urogram showed a delay in the function of the right kidney with a suggestion of a mass in the upper pole. The bladder showed multiple filling defects. Cystoscopy showed bleeding from the right ureteral orifice. Splaying of calyces and infundibula in the upper pole of the right kidney was demonstrated with a retrograde pyelogram. A clinical diagnosis of
America's Safety Net and Health Care Reform — What Lies Ahead?
Authors: Irwin Redlener, Roy Grant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To say that the current U.S. health care “system” is a dysfunctional and costly patchwork of employer-based insurance, private markets, public programs, and special initiatives is, by any measure, an understatement. Fortunately, recognition of this reality has at last made major reform of the system not only inevitable, but imminent. Even without knowing the final details of the bill that will make its way to President Barack Obama's desk, we can assume that it will make affordable insurance coverage available and required for many, but not all, of the 45 million people who are currently uninsured. But what will happen . . .
ICCE Consensus for Esophageal Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: V. K. Sharma, R. Eliakim, P. Sharma, D. Faigel
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its complications are a common and increasing health-care problem in the developed nations. The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2000, a national survey designed to provide information about the use of ambulatory care services in the United States, revealed that GERD is the second most common diagnosis, resulting in 2.5 million outpatient visits annually [1]. A publication on selected digestive diseases in the United States suggested that GERD was the third most prevalent disease in the United States with the highest annual direct costs ($ 9.3 billion/year) [2].
ANEURYSM OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE FOLLOWING CORONARY INFARCT IN LIVING PATIENT
Authors: E. I. Fogel
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In 1903, D. G. Hall,<sup>1</sup>reviewing 112 cases of aneurysms of the heart, found post mortem, said: "Aneurysms of the heart must necessarily be of interest rather to the pathologist than to the clinician, for they are outside of the pale of practical diagnosis." He reported that, among the 112 cases of aneurysms of the heart, there were 92 of the left ventricle, over 60 per cent of these being at or near the apex of the heart. These were due to coronary occlusion that occurred between the ages of 40 and 70. Seventy-four per cent were in males and 32 of the 112 died suddenly. More recent reports on aneurysms of the left ventricle show statistics similar to Hall's. Cases of left ventricular aneurysm, diagnosed ante mortem by the fluoroscope and x-rays, and substantiated at autopsy, have been reported by Lutembacher (two cases),<sup>2</sup>Heitz and Corone<sup>3</sup>
Large-Diameter Metal Stents are Associated with Stent-Related Esophageal Complications
Authors: P. D. Siersema, M. Y. Homs, E. J. Kuipers
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

We read with interest the recent article by Hasan et al. [1] which described three patients who developed an esophagorespiratory fistula at the proximal edge of the upper flange of a large-diameter Flamingo Wallstent. This stent has a proximal diameter of 30 mm. In all three cases, the fistula developed some time after stent placement and the authors speculated that the fistulas had formed as a result of pressure necrosis caused by the proximal flange of the Flamingo Wallstent. The authors found only one other report of an esophagorespiratory fistula occurring at this site [2]. In that study, however, a Wallstent with a proximal diameter of 20 mm had been used.
Experimental model of effects on normal tissue of injury current from ischemic region.
Authors: R C Tan, T Osaka, R W Joyner
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

An ischemic myocardial region contains cells with a depolarized resting membrane potential. This depolarization leads to an intercellular current flow between the ischemic region and the surrounding normal myocardial cells, which has been termed an "injury current." We have devised an experimental model system in which an isolated rabbit ventricular cell is electrically coupled to a model depolarized cell to evaluate the effects of this injury current on the electrical properties of a normal ventricular cell. We found that the action potential duration of the isolated cell could be reversibly altered by varying the coupling resistance such that the action potential duration was shortened by high values of coupling resistance but could be considerably prolonged by lower resistance coupling. We did not observe automaticity in the isolated cell as a consequence of coupling to the depolarized model. The changes in action potential duration were accompanied by alterations in the frequency at which the isolated cell could respond to repetitive stimuli. In addition, the depolarization of the isolated cell produced by the electrical coupling led to a significant increase in the cellular excitability. This last effect may be of particular importance in understanding the mechanisms for origination of arrhythmias in the border zone of myocardial ischemia.
Immunization and Challenge with Toluene Diisocyanate Decrease Tachykinin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Immunoreactivity in Guinea Pig Central Airways
Authors: CRISTINA E. MAPP, ROSARIA E. LUCCHINI, DEBORAH MIOTTO, PASQUALE CHITANO, LAURA JOVINE, MARINA SAETTA, PIERO MAESTRELLI, DAVID R. SPRINGALL, JULIA POLAK, LEONARDO M. FABBRI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a potent sensitizer that causes occupational asthma in a significant proportion of subjects exposed. We used an animal model to investigate whether neuropeptide changes occur in the airways of immunized and TDI-challenged guinea pigs. Animals were immunized by weekly intradermal injections, challenged with TDI (5 to 20 ppb) after the third injection, and killed 6 h after exposure. Control guinea pigs received injections of saline. Lung tissue was processed immediately and analyzed for nerves using the streptavidin-biotin complex peroxidase method with antisera to the neural marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene- related peptide (CGRP). We also quantified the inflammatory infiltrate in the submucosa of central airways, and we measured the serum level of specific IgG and IgG1. Specific antibodies against TDI were present only in immunized animals. Immunized as compared with nonimmunized animals had a significant increase in eosinophils in the submucosa of central airways, and a further increase was observed 6 h after TDI challenge. Immunization and TDI challenge did not modify the number of mononuclear cells in the submucosa of central airways in both nonimmunized and immunized animals. TDI exposure did not change the overall innervation in both nonimmunized and immunized animals, but the density of PGP 9.5-positive nerves was significantly different between nonimmunized and immunized TDI-challenged animals. The density of SP-, and CGRP-immunostained nerves was significantly lower in immunized TDI-challenged than in nonimmunized animals. TDI exposure significantly decreased the density of SP-positive nerves in nonimmunized animals. A negative relationship was found between the presence of airway inflammation, as indexed by eosinophil cell infiltration, and the density of PGP 9.5-, SP-, and CGRP-immunostained nerves. In conclusion, TDI produces airway inflammation and neuropeptides changes in the central airways of immunized guinea pigs 6 h after TDI challenge. These findings support an interaction between tachykinins, inflammatory (i.e., eosinophils) and possibly immune cells.
Immune responses during human Schistosomiasis mansoni. Evidence for antiidiotypic T lymphocyte responsiveness.
Authors: M S Lima, G Gazzinelli, E Nascimento, J C Parra, M A Montesano, D G Colley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We present a method for the examination of antiidiotypic cell-mediated reactivity during chronic human infections. Pooled and individual sera from patients with schistosomiasis mansoni were purified on immunoaffinity columns of schistosomal egg antigens (SEA). The eluates contained anti-SEA antibodies, but not SEA. These antibody preparations, and their F(ab)2 fragments, stimulated dose-dependent proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMN) and T lymphocytes from some, but not all active or former schistosomiasis mansoni patients, and could do so autologously. Stimulation required presentation by plastic-adherent cells. The eluates did not stimulate PBMN from persons who had never had schistosomiasis. Affinity-purified anti-SEA antibodies from former patients (cured for greater than 10 yr) did not stimulate PBMN from patients with active infections. Reabsorption on SEA columns removed stimulatory activity from the eluates. We propose that multiclonal, SEA-related idiotypes expressed by some anti-SEA antibodies stimulate proliferation of T lymphocytes that express antiidiotypic specificities.
P1219 IMPACT OF IL-28B GENE POLYMORPHISM ON INTRAFAMILIAL TRANSMISSION, AND RESPONSE TO TREATMENT OF HCV. IS IT OF THE SAME IMPORTANCE?
Authors: N.M. Elwan, F.-H. Assal, L. AboAli, L. Effat, K. Sayed, S. Shalaby, M. Abdel-Hamid
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Multiple Multilocular Cysts of the Mesentery
Authors: W. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1891)

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The Request to Die
Authors: Philip R. Muskin
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Published reports indicate that 2.5% of deaths in the Netherlands are the result of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide. It is not known how many patients make these requests in the United States, but the issue has gained considerable attention, including that of the Supreme Court. The focus of the writing and discussion regarding the request to die has been on a patient's capacity. There has not been an adequate focus on the possible meanings contained within the request to die. A patient's request to die is a situation that requires the physician to engage in a dialogue to understand what the request means, including whether the request arises from a clinically significant depression or inadequately treated pain. This article outlines some of the thoughts and emotions that could underlie the patient's request to die. Recommendations are made regarding the role of the primary care physician and the role of the psychiatric consultant in the exploration of the meaning of the request.
Selective consumption of large platelets during massive bleeding.
Authors: C B Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

To see whether selective consumption of either small or large platelets occurs during haemostasis in vivo the mean platelet volume was studied in six patients who developed thrombocytopenia after trauma. The mean platelet volume at the onset of thrombocytopenia was significantly lower than that on admission (p less than 0.01): selective loss of large platelets had occurred.
Camptodactyly
Authors: Armand Littman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Camptodactyly is an autosomal dominant trait occurring in less than 1% of the population. We have studied an involved kindred of 71 persons through seven generations. Penetrance was variable and involvement of the right hand predominated. Prevalence rate decreased with succeeding generations, suggesting "genetic dilution" of a necessary modifier gene. Association with radio-ulnar synostosis was found in two sons of sisters, but orthopedic or biochemical associations were not confirmed, and linkage with peptic ulcer was disestablished.
A Phase I Study of Erlotinib and Hydroxychloroquine in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sarah B. Goldberg, Jeffrey G. Supko, Joel W. Neal, Alona Muzikansky, Subba Digumarthy, Panos Fidias, Jennifer S. Temel, Rebecca S. Heist, Alice T. Shaw, Patricia O. McCarthy, Thomas J. Lynch, Sreenath Sharma, Jeffrey E. Settleman, Lecia V. Sequist
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
FRACTURES OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL, AND THEIR TREATMENT.Read by Title in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy, at the Fort-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn, May, 1890.
Authors: HAL C. WYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Benjamin Bell, of Edinburgh, writing about 100 years ago, said: "A great variety of symptoms are enumerated by authors as indicating a compressed state of the brain from external injuries, but the most frequent, as well as the most remarkable, are the following: giddiness, dimness of sight, stupefaction, loss of voluntary motion, vomiting, apoplectic stertor in the breathing, convulsive tremors in different muscles, a dilated state of the pupils even when the eyes are exposed to a clear light, paralysis of different parts, especially of the side of the body opposite to the injured part of the head, involuntary evacuation of the urine and fæces, an oppressed and in many cases an irregular pulse, and when the violence done to the head has been considerable, it is commonly attended with a discharge of blood from the nose, eyes and ears. Some of the milder symptoms, such as vertigo, stupefaction, and
The mTORC1 Inhibitor Everolimus Prevents and Treats Eμ-<i>Myc</i> Lymphoma by Restoring Oncogene-Induced Senescence
Authors: Meaghan Wall, Gretchen Poortinga, Kym L. Stanley, Ralph K. Lindemann, Michael Bots, Christopher J. Chan, Megan J. Bywater, Kathryn M. Kinross, Megan V. Astle, Kelly Waldeck, Katherine M. Hannan, Jake Shortt, Mark J. Smyth, Scott W. Lowe, Ross D. Hannan, Richard B. Pearson, Ricky W. Johnstone, Grant A. McArthur
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2012)

MYC deregulation is common in human cancer. IG-MYC translocations that are modeled in Eμ-Myc mice occur in almost all cases of Burkitt lymphoma as well as in other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Deregulated expression of MYC results in increased mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. As tumors with mTORC1 activation are sensitive to mTORC1 inhibition, we used everolimus, a potent and specific mTORC1 inhibitor, to test the requirement for mTORC1 in the initiation and maintenance of Eμ-Myc lymphoma. Everolimus selectively cleared premalignant B cells from the bone marrow and spleen, restored a normal pattern of B-cell differentiation, and strongly protected against lymphoma development. Established Eμ-Myc lymphoma also regressed after everolimus therapy. Therapeutic response correlated with a cellular senescence phenotype and induction of p53 activity. Therefore, mTORC1-dependent evasion of senescence is critical for cellular transformation and tumor maintenance by MYC in B lymphocytes.This work provides novel insights into the requirements for MYC-induced oncogenesis by showing that mTORC1 activity is necessary to bypass senescence during transformation of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, tumor eradication through senescence elicited by targeted inhibition of mTORC1 identifies a previously uncharacterized mechanism responsible for significant anticancer activity of rapamycin analogues and serves as proof-of-concept that senescence can be harnessed for therapeutic benefit
The Tufts Comprehensive Community Health Action Program
Authors: William F. Maloney
Journal: JAMA (1967)

At the clinical convention in Las Vegas, Charles L. Hudson, MD, observed that the American Medical Association has too long been preoccupied with constructing jurisdictional boundaries between the private and the public sectors of medicine. No violence would have been done had he extended this critique to academic medicine as well. Our preoccupation with teaching and research has too often and too long led us away from assuming responsibility for the interface between private and public medicine and between academic and community medicine. Today the university can no longer ignore this vitally important frontier. We believe that the time has come for the university to reach into the community and engage in direct action, in service, and teaching, and research, in this setting. Such a move would effectively establish a countercurrent to the important movement of the past half century. More and more of medical care—requiring complex equipment, multiple
Haemodynamical effects of L-camitine on patients with congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ioannis K. Rizos, Aristoteles N. Primikiropoulos, Leonidas K. Hadjinkolaou, Kostas I. Kapetanios, Sotiris C. Stamou, Petros D. Papadopoulos, Pavlos K. Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Role of Echocardiography in Patients Undergoing Elective Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David I. Silverman, Warren J. Manning
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Abstract —Echocardiography has emerged as a fundamental tool in the evaluation of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Transthoracic echocardiography remains a primary tool for the evaluation and management of many patients presenting with their first episode of AF, but it is not adequate for exclusion of atrial thrombi. TEE offers excellent visualization of the atria and accurate identification or exclusion of thrombi. In concert with therapeutic anticoagulation, a TEE-guided approach to early cardioversion appears to have a safety profile similar to that of conventional therapy (1 month of precardioversion warfarin). The TEE-guided approach offers the advantages of simplified anticoagulation management and shorter duration of sustained AF, thereby allowing for a more rapid recovery of atrial mechanical function. Warfarin should be continued for 1 month after cardioversion to allow for more complete recovery of atrial function and for prophylaxis should the patient revert to AF. Cost-effectiveness models demonstrate that TEE-guided cardioversion represents a cost-effective strategy, but only if the transthoracic echocardiogram is omitted. For patients with a thrombus on the initial TEE, follow-up TEE (to document thrombus resolution) is recommended before cardioversion.
Improvement in Exercise Capacity With Nitric Oxide Inhalation in Patients With Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Toshio Hasuda, Toru Satoh, Akito Shimouchi, Fumio Sakamaki, Shingo Kyotani, Takahiro Matsumoto, Yoichi Goto, Norifumi Nakanishi
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) exhibit a poor exercise capacity due to an impaired vasodilatory response of their pulmonary arteries. By causing the pulmonary artery to dilate, inhaled nitric oxide (NO) may allow an increase in exercise capacity in patients with PH. Methods and Results —On 2 separate days, 3 days apart, 14 patients with precapillary PH (10 primary PH, 4 residual PH after correction of an intracardiac shunt; age, 40±12 years; mean pulmonary artery pressure, 60±23 mm Hg) performed exercise, with and without inhalation of 20 ppm NO, on a cycle ergometer. The work rate was increased 15 W/min until their symptom-limited maximum, with breath-by-breath gas analysis. Patients were randomly and blindly selected to inhale NO on either their first or second test. Peak exercise load and anaerobic threshold tended to increase, but not significantly. Peak oxygen consumption (V̇ o 2 ) and ΔV̇ o 2 /ΔW ratio increased significantly, by 18% and 22%, respectively (peak V̇ o 2 , 13.6±3.6 to 16.0±4.1 mL · kg −1 · min −1 ; ΔV̇ o 2 /ΔW ratio, 5.8±2.4 to 7.1±2.3 mL · kg −1 · min −1 · W −1 ; both P &lt;0.01). Peak V̇ o 2 increased &gt;10% in 12 of the 14 patients. However, respiratory quotient at peak exercise decreased from 1.22±0.15 to 1.09±0.15 ( P &lt;0.01). Conclusions —Inhaled NO substantially increases oxygen consumption at the same workload during exercise. This finding supports the possibility of ambulatory NO inhalation therapy in patients with precapillary PH.
Americans swap the couch for pills
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

More Americans are being treated for depression than ever before, suggesting that the stigma associated with the disease is declining, but the percentage of people on antidepressant drugs has risen dramatically, and fewer are receiving psychotherapy.

The change probably doesn't stem from an actual increase in depression, according to a study published in JAMA last week (2002;287:203-9), but is most likely connected to the destigmatisation of mental health problems in general and depression in particular, the rise of managed care insurance plans, and the arrival of powerful drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

“The increase in the treatment …