tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in the Diagnosis and Management of Nonseminomatous Germ-Cell Testicular Cancer
Authors: Paul H. Lange, K. Robert McIntire, Thomas A. Waldmann, Thomas R. Hakala, Elwin E. Fraley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Although alpha fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin are present in the serum of some patients with testicular tumors, measurement of these substances has had limited clinical value because the conventional assays are relatively insensitive. With the development of radioimmunoassays for alpha fetoprotein and for the beta-glycoprotein chain of human chorionic gonadotropin, it is possible to detect much lower serum levels of these products. Preliminary reports have suggested that serial determinations of these markers by radioimmunoassay can be useful clinically in patients with nonseminomatous germ-cell testicular tumors.1 , 2 We here describe our 22-month experience with the measurements of alpha fetoprotein and human . . .
Encephalopathy Following Jejunoileostomy
Authors: Richard Catlin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have seen instances of encephalopathy following jejunoileostomy as reported by Ayub et al (1981;246:970) on a number of occasions. The symptoms are sometimes severe but are usually mild and transient, and they are often reported in retrospect. In February 1981, the following case clarified the problem for me. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 48-year-old man had a relatively successful jejunoileal bypass (JIB) seven years previously, experiencing satisfactory weight loss but also experiencing an episode of ureteral calculus, periodic episodes of bypass enteritis, continuing hypertension, and, more recently, several episodes of furunculosis and pustular dermatitis. The patient experienced light-headedness for two weeks and marked spatial disorientation for three days, to the extent that he was unable to walk without losing his balance. The diarrhea that the patient experienced had become more fluid, and he had five or six bowel movements a day. His symptoms varied in severity
Activity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors against human NUP214-ABL1-positive T cell malignancies
Authors: A Quintás-Cardama, W Tong, T Manshouri, F Vega, P A Lennon, J Cools, D G Gilliland, F Lee, J Cortes, H Kantarjian, G Garcia-Manero
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
The COACH risk engine: a multistate model for predicting survival and hospitalization in patients with heart failure
Authors: Douwe Postmus, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Tiny Jaarsma, Marie Louise Luttik, Johan Lassus, Alexandre Mebazaa, Markku S. Nieminen, Veli‐Pekka Harjola, James Lewsey, Erik Buskens, Hans L. Hillege
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
INFLUENCE OF AGE IN CAUSING OPACITY OF THE CRYSTALLINE LENS, AND THE PROPER USE OF THE WORD "CATARACT."
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The subject of the pathology of cataract is too extensive to be profitably considered in the time at our disposal for the purpose; I shall, therefore, confine myself to one or two phases of the influences which determine opacity of the crystalline lens. The common use of the phrase "senile cataract" argues a general consent in the view that advanced age has some fixed relation to the condition. That it can not be a necessary, or the only causative factor is demonstrated by the large number of young persons that we see with opacity of the crystalline lens, and by the other fact that many reach even an advanced age without suffering from such opacity. Of recent years much attention has been directed to certain other probable or possible factors. Among these there can be little doubt but that eye-strain exerts an important influence. Many times where there had been
AIDS' Economic, Social Impact Heightens Concern
Authors: Sandra Smrek Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

PREDICTIONS of worldwide economic, social, and political ramifications that further heighten the seriousness of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3377-3378) apparently are being borne out. Not only do the growing numbers of patients with AIDS tax already-over-burdened health care systems, says a World Bank official, but crowded city conditions have made skilled urban workers whose jobs are vital to the economy a high-risk group in developing countries. Rodolfo Bulatao, a World Bank demographer, says it's "quite possible" that today's 2% and 3% gross national product rates in some of these countries might decline to zero as a result. Michael Gerber, PhD, executive director, African Medical and Research Foundation, says that AIDS particularly affects the 20-year-old to 45-year-old age group in many countries on that continent. Because the very old and very young depend on persons in this vulnerable age group, he says, deaths from AIDS can decimate the
Four-Dollar Generics — Increased Accessibility, Impaired Quality Assurance
Authors: Niteesh K. Choudhry, William H. Shrank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The affordability of prescription medications is one of the most pressing public health issues in the United States. Many patients take less than their prescribed doses to make medications last longer or do not fill prescriptions at all because of cost.1 Both patients without insurance coverage for drugs and those with such coverage underuse medications because of cost2 — and this problem has grown as employers have cut back on drug benefits. The failure to provide essential medications for chronic diseases may have massive adverse consequences for public health and the overall costs of health care. As we prepare to . . .
Ketamine or Phencyclidine
Authors: Miles K. Crowder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue (229:763, 1974), Shaffer describes a series of cases characterized by anesthesia, analgesia, nystagmus, dizziness, diplopia, visual distortions, and psychosis. These findings were attributed to ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine. Phencyclidine is a major component of street drug preparations.<sup>1</sup>In one series, phencyclidine was detected in 184 of 237 street drug samples.<sup>2</sup>In liquid form, phencyclidine is sprayed on marihuana, parsley, oregano, or other plant leaves and sold as "angel dust." As a powder, it is marketed as phencyclidine or "peace pills."<sup>3</sup>It is frequently sold as LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, cocaine, 3, 4 - methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), tetrahydrocannabinol, and other more "attractive" drugs. Or it may be mixed with these agents.<sup>2,3</sup> Both ketamine and phencyclidine are sympathomimetic anesthetics.<sup>4</sup>However, phencyclidine is a much more potent hallucinogen.<sup>4-6</sup> The abuse of these compounds is a massive and generally unrecognized problem. Recently, 41
The Impact of Diagnostic Testing on Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Diana Verrilli
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To gain insight into the usefulness of managing the earlier phase of decision making, we examined the relationship between selected diagnostic tests and the therapeutic interventions they might trigger.Medicare's National Claims History and Part B files were used to obtain summary information on 100% of all physician claims submitted from 1987 through 1993. We regressed the annual rates of selected therapeutic interventions on selected diagnostic tests, which had been previously paired based on the clinical expectation that the test might drive subsequent intervention.These data represent the physician services received by approximately 30 million elderly Americans in each of 7 years.Coefficient of determination (R2).The annual rate for the diagnostic tests increased rapidly during the period (range, 1.4- to 3.0-fold increase) and accounted for the bulk of the variance in therapeutic intervention rates (R2>0.80, P<.01) for five diagnostic-therapeutic pairs: cardiac catheterization with cardiac revascularization procedures, imaging of the spine with back surgery, swallowing studies with percutaneous gastrostomy, mammography with breast biopsy and excision, and prostate biopsy with prostatectomy. Although the rate of abdominal ultrasound increased during the period, it was not related with either cholecystectomy or abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.There has been a substantial increase in diagnostic testing in the United States that closely tracked the increase of clinically relevant downstream procedures. Managing diagnostic testing could be an important strategy for controlling the increase of therapeutic interventions.
Umbilical Cord Blood for Transplantation-Reply
Authors: Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Howe mistakenly suggests that we have argued for evaluating the safety and efficacy of UCB in populations that would not have access to this technology for "financial or other reasons." Our argument for establishing publicly funded UCB banks that recruit donations from people of "all races, income levels, and ethnic groups" assumes that provisions are made for making UCB available to all who need it. Although Howe misinterprets our arguments, we agree that there should be a mechanism to provide donor families with coverage toward a transplant in the event such therapy is needed. Howe's claim regarding the likelihood that banked UCB will be limited to an affluent minority is really an incompletely tested empirical claim that embraces important cautions for those developing procedures for UCB banking. Nevertheless, it is encouraging that in contrast to the trends in transplant management cited by Howe, early experience suggests that
INFECTION OF GUINEA PIGS BY APPLICATION OF VIRUS OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS TO THEIR NORMAL SKINS
Authors: Howard J. Shaughnessy, Joseph Zichis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

As shown in Table I, 97 guinea pigs were used in this study. Fifty-seven were exposed by placing a virus suspension on their normal skins. Of this number, 34 had screw-top capsules attached to them. Thirteen were exposed by spreading the virus suspension on their feed and cage litter. Ten were inoculated intracerebrally to establish the potency of the virus. The remaining 17 were not exposed artificially to the virus and were employed as controls to detect cross infection. Twenty-two guinea pigs, to which capsules were attached, died as a result of virus infection; 1 died of unknown causes and 11 survived without showing any clinical signs of the infection. Sixteen of the animals without the capsules died of virus infection and 7 did not become infected. The 10 guinea pigs that were inoculated intracerebrally became infected and died. None of the animals that were exposed by spreading the virus on the feed and the litter in the cages, or those used as unexposed controls, developed any clinical signs of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis. It is realized that minute abrasions, not visible with a hand lens, may have been present in the skins of these guinea pigs. However, any condition of this nature would be a factor encountered in any normal skin. In view of these facts, it is believed that these results indicate that the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis may infect guinea pigs through the normal, apparently intact, skin.
London's healthcare services again
Authors: E. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Physician assisted suicide, euthanasia, or withdrawal of treatmentDistinguishing between them clarifies moral, legal, and practical positions T he Supreme Court of the United States has returned the vexing question of physician assisted suicide to state governments.In unanimous rulings last month, Chief Justice Rehnquist, writing for the court, held that there is no fundamental right to assistance in committing suicide 1 and that, legally, distinguishing between refusing life saving medical treatment and requesting assistance in suicide "comports with fundamental legal principles of causation and intent." 2 By its rulings, the Supreme Court invalidated the decisions of two of the American Courts of Appeal.In March 1996 the appeals court for the Ninth Circuit had lifted a ban by Washington state on physician assisted suicide in Compassion in Dying v Washington. 3 That court, which has jurisdiction in 13 western states, including Hawaii, had concluded that "a competent adult ... has a strong liberty interest in choosing a dignified and humane death"-including not just refusal of treatment but also "hastening one's own death."However, the Supreme Court held that the interest in question, which Chief Justice Rehnquist characterised as the "right to commit suicide with another's assistance," is not one of the "fundamental rights and liberties ... 'deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition'."
Phase I Study of the Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor BMS-214662 Given Weekly in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Vali Papadimitrakopoulou, Sofia Agelaki, Hai T. Tran, Merrill Kies, Robert Gagel, Ralph Zinner, Edward Kim, Gregory Ayers, John Wright, Fadlo Khuri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: A phase I trial of BMS-214662, a selective farnesyltransferase inhibitor with significant preclinical antitumor activity in which drug was given as a weekly 1-hour infusion for four of six weeks, was conducted to evaluate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic effect on farnesyltransferase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Experimental Design: BMS-214662 was given to 27 patients with solid tumors at 10 escalating dose levels (28-220 mg/m2) allowing intrapatient dose escalation; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were done at the first seven dose levels. Results: Grade 4 neutropenia (four patients) was the most common dose-limiting toxicity followed by aminotransferase elevation (grade 3 alanine aminotransferase and grade 4 aspartate aminotransferase) and grade 3 dehydration. Most frequent toxicities were neutropenia in 11 (14%), anemia in 15 (19%), fatigue in 9 (12%), and nausea and diarrhea in 6 (8%) of courses, respectively. One minor response lasting 18 weeks in a patient with non–small cell lung cancer, serum calcitonin level reduction accompanied by disease stabilization in two of four patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, and stable disease in 16 of 25 evaluable patients was seen. No correlation was observed between dose and Cmax, total body clearance (mean, 26.15 ± 10.88 L per hour per m2), volume of distribution at steady state (mean, 39.51 ± 17.91 L/m2), or half-life (mean, 2.63 ± 1.81 hours); a moderate correlation existed between dose given and systemic drug exposure (AUC). Substantial inhibition of peripheral blood mononuclear cell farnesyltransferase activity but near complete recovery by 24 hours was seen. Conclusion: BMS-214667 was well tolerated as a weekly 1-hour i.v. infusion for four of six weeks with evidence of pharmacodynamic effect. The study was terminated before maximum tolerated dose was reached. Alternative schedules of drug administration might result in improved pharmacodynamic profile.
Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Fakir M. Amirul Islam, Elaine W. Chong, Allison M. Hodge, Robyn H. Guymer, Khin Zaw Aung, Galina A. Makeyeva, Paul N. Baird, John L. Hopper, Dallas R. English, Graham G. Giles, Liubov D. Robman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
THE IMPACT OF RACE ON IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Luis Gruberg, Puja B. Parikh, Allen Jeremias, Srihari S. Naidu, Richard A. Shlofmitz, Sorin J. Brenner, Thomas Pappas, Kevin P. Marzo, David L. Brown
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
HCC: What's the score
Authors: D Shouval
Journal: Gut (2002)

Choosing a scoring system for staging hepatocellular carcinoma is a difficult task

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common neoplasm in East Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean countries, with an age adjusted incidence rate of up to 20–28 cases per 105 in men. Major progress has been made in the prevention of HCC through universal vaccination of neonates and children at risk worldwide, yet available treatment options for patients with established tumours rarely lead to complete cure. HCC is recognised for its heterogeneous clinical and biological presentation, variable natural course, and its relationship to defined risk factors and aetiologic agents, as well as the difficulty in predicting response to different modes of treatment. The time interval from an undetectable tumour to a 2 cm lesion may vary between four and 12 months which leaves a relatively narrow window for optimal intervention in already established tumours with a fast doubling time. In the past decade, a number of new palliative and potentially curative means of treatment have been introduced in the clinical management of HCC. However, evaluation of efficacy of interventions such as surgical resection, ablative procedures including alcohol injection, chemoembolisation, radiofrequency, and others, or liver transplantation is difficult without agreement on universal surveillance and staging systems for early identification and follow up of HCC.

Randomised controlled trials for assessment of surveillance and intervention become exceedingly difficult to perform in the presence of a plethora of new treatment modalities, frequently of unproven …
Relation between socioeconomic deprivation and death from a first myocardial infarction in Scotland: population based analysis
Authors: Kate Macintyre, Simon Stewart, James Chalmers, Jill Pell, Alan Finlayson, James Boyd, Adam Redpath, John McMurray, Simon Capewell
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Health policy now explicitly addresses the increasing inequalities arising within many countries.1 Although it is generally accepted that socioeconomic factors influence the overall rates of coronary heart disease events,2 studies of case fatality after admission to hospital for acute myocardial infarction show only modest socioeconomic gradients.3 By focusing on those who survive to reach hospital, however, such studies may underestimate the true influence of socioeconomic deprivation. Reports suggest that around 70-80% of deaths within 30 days of a myocardial infarction occur before admission to hospital, and this proportion increases with age.4 We therefore examined the effect of socioeconomic deprivation not only on case fatality in patients admitted with myocardial infarction but also on the risk of death before admission.

Data were obtained from the Scottish Morbidity Record and General Register Office on all Scottish residents for whom a first myocardial …
Massage During Last Weeks of Pregnancy Reduces Episiotomies During Delivery
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
906 EFFICACY OF 3 YEARS OF TELBIVUDINE TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH GENOTYPE B/C CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB)
Authors: Y.-C. Chen, C.-W. Hsu, Y.-F. Liaw, J. Jia, N. Leung, J. Hou, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, J. Niu, L.L. Wei, X.-Q. Zhou, W. Bao, P. Lopez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Exacerbation of chronic epidural abscess following a fludarabine-based preparative regimen
Authors: Yuji Miura, Masahiro Kami, Eiji Kusumi, Naoko Murashige, Kazuhiro Masuoka, Madoka Yoshimura, Shintaro Tachibana, Shuichi Taniguchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)
Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias
Authors: L. Thomas Sheffield
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The editors of<i>Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias</i>have set out to present a comprehensive update of the entire field of electrocardiology. They have enlisted 67 experts who have contributed 33 chapters divided among six sections: Mechanisms, Experimental Arrhythmias, Clinical Arrhythmias, Diagnostic Procedures, Pharmacologic Treatment, and Nonpharmacologic Treatment. The editors have written or coauthored chapters on "Wide QRS Tachycardia" (Fisch) and "Automaticity," "Dispersion of Refractoriness," and "Antiarrhythmic Drugs" (Surawicz). Their experience and authority are evident. It is common for large multiauthored works to suffer from heterogeneity of style and varying quality of illustrations, but in this case the editors have effectively avoided these pitfalls. One suspects that there was a welcome degree of editorial interaction with the contributors in order to achieve the good results seen in this book. All of the chapters are easy to read and comprehend. The pervading style is simple and clear with a tolerable degree of
Antiribonucleoprotein antibodies in connective tissue diseases: estimation by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
Authors: B Bresnihan, C Bunn, M L Snaith, G R Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1977)

One hundred and seventy-two patients with various connective tissue diseases were investigated for the presence of serum antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) and its major components, ribonucleo-protein (RNP) and Sm antigen. The counter-immunoelectrophoresis assay allowed independent detection and measurement of antibodies to the different components. All 13 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) had anti-RNP antibody in high titres, 16% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had low titres, and none of the patients with scleroderma had anti-RNP antibody. MCTD seems to be more benign than either SLE or scleroderma. The counterimmunoelectrophoresis assay is a simple and sensitive technique for confirming the diagnosis.
Early Discharge after Heart Attacks and the Efficient Use of Hospitals
Authors: Richard S. Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Thirty years ago most patients with a myocardial infarction were required to remain at rest in bed in a hospital for six weeks. Ten years ago the period of bed rest was three weeks, but six weeks of hospitalization was still common. The article by McNeer and his associates in this issue of the Journal is the most recent in a long series of clinical studies from the United Kingdom and the United States that have resulted in a progressive shortening of the period of hospitalization after myocardial infarction.1 2 3 4 5 It is now clear that certain patients designated as "low risk" . . .
POSSIBILITIES OF LIQUID AIR TO THE PHYSICIAN.
Authors: A. CAMPBELL WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It is now over a year since I began the use of liquid air in the hospitals of New York, and less than a year since I published in the<i>Medical Record</i>a preliminary report of the results obtained by its use up to that time; and I am led to-day to accept your invitation to present this subject to your Section, no less by the pleasant recollections of the last time I appeared before you, than by the many communications I have received since publishing my report, from all parts of the world, demonstrating the lack of knowledge of the public as well as physicians as to what liquid air really is. I have received requests from physicians from nearly all parts of the United States, from Mexico, from Germany and even from New Zealand, asking that a small package be sent and all expense would be paid at