tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adults
Authors: S D Ryder
Journal: Gut (2003)

This document, on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), was commissioned by the British Society of Gastroenterology as part of a wider initiative to develop guidelines for clinicians in several areas of clinical practice.Cancer care has been the subject of increased scrutiny, with the development of care guidelines forming a major part of the strategy to reduce cancer related mortality in the UK.There is a strong suggestion that HCC is a disease which will be seen more frequently over the next few years, mainly as a result of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic.Previously, HCC has been a relatively rare tumour in the UK and much of the data pertaining to its diagnosis and therapy are derived from studies outside of the UK.Because of the lack of screening programmes and the fact that a significant proportion of HCC presents as symptomatic disease in individuals not known to have liver disease, most non-surgical therapies have been used in patients with advanced disease.There are a significant number of variables known to influence prognosis, with stage of underlying liver disease and tumour size at presentation being the most important.Controlling for these variables is difficult and these factors have contributed to a dearth of randomised controlled trials of treatment for this tumour.There is however a substantial amount of evidence available which can form the basis of a framework for diagnosis and management.Guidelines are not rigid protocols and they should not be construed as interfering with local clinical judgement.Hence they do not represent a directive of proscribed routes but a basis on which clinicians can consider the options available more clearly.. . . . . .
Evaluation of left ventricular mechanical restitution in closed-chest dogs based on single-beat elastance.
Authors: G L Freeman, J T Colston
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The mechanical restitution of the left ventricle of closed-chest dogs was modeled as a monoexponential relation, using peak single-beat elastance as a measure of contractile strength. Data were obtained from nine dogs chronically instrumented with three sets of piezoelectric diameter gauges to assess ventricular volume and high-fidelity manometers to measure pressure. Mechanical restitution curves were obtained during both atrial and ventricular pacing in six dogs. The time constant of mechanical restitution was 64.3 +/- 11.4 msec for atrial and 122.2 +/- 26.3 msec for ventricular paced runs (p less than 0.01). These values are smaller than those previously reported from isolated hearts or isolated muscle segments. Although the time of onset of mechanical restitution was longer for atrial than for ventricular runs (255.1 +/- 14.3 versus 225.1 +/- 9.6 msec, p less than 0.05), the plateau to which mechanical function rose was not different. During ventricular pacing, fusion beats were noted in four dogs. The magnitude of the mechanical contribution of these fusion beats fell to a nadir at approximately 250 msec, suggesting that intracellular calcium available for crossbridge interaction is dropping during this time. In three additional dogs, the time constant of postextrasystolic restitution was found to vary depending on the preceding extrasystolic interval. Thus, mechanical restitution of the ventricle is a dynamic process that can be assessed using an elastance-based approach in the in situ heart.
Complete characterization of the microRNAome in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Giridharan Ramsingh, Daniel C. Koboldt, Maria Trissal, Katherine B. Chiappinelli, Todd Wylie, Sunita Koul, Li-Wei Chang, Rakesh Nagarajan, Todd A. Fehniger, Paul Goodfellow, Vincent Magrini, Richard K. Wilson, Li Ding, Timothy J. Ley, Elaine R. Mardis, Daniel C. Link
Journal: Blood (2010)
Effects of varying the electrical conductivity of the medium between the heart and the body surface on the epicardial and praecordial electrocardiogram in the pig
Authors: T. AKIYAMA, J. F. RICHESON, J. T. INGRAM, J. ORAVEC
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Journal Article Effects of varying the electrical conductivity of the medium between the heart and the body surface on the epicardial and praecordial electrocardiogram in the pig Get access TOSHIO AKIYAMA, TOSHIO AKIYAMA From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York Address for correspondence and reprints: Toshio Akiyama, M.D., Cardiology Unit–Box 679, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. F. RICHESON, J. F. RICHESON From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES T. INGRAM, JAMES T. INGRAM From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN ORAVEC JOHN ORAVEC From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 12, Issue 12, December 1978, Pages 697–702, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/12.12.697 Published: 01 December 1978
The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study: A Cohort Mortality Study With Emphasis on Lung Cancer
Authors: Michael D. Attfield, Patricia L. Schleiff, Jay H. Lubin, Aaron Blair, Patricia A. Stewart, Roel Vermeulen, Joseph B. Coble, Debra T. Silverman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Current information points to an association between diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer and other mortality outcomes, but uncertainties remain.
Identifying supportive and palliative care needs in people with a recent diagnosis of thoracic cancer: acceptability of the SPARC questionnaire
Authors: A. Wilcock, R. Klezlova, S. Coombes, A. Rawson, R. Bentley, D. Hooper, M. Maddocks
Journal: Thorax (2010)

National guidelines recommend that physical, psychological, social, spiritual and financial support needs are routinely assessed in people with lung cancer, as a minimum, around the time of diagnosis, on completion of primary treatment, when there is significant deterioration of symptoms and when dying is diagnosed.1 2 Self-assessment is considered a useful part of the process and several tools have been highlighted.3 One of these, the Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral to Care (SPARC), contains 45 questions with 56 possible responses covering seven areas of potential need.4 For most questions, patients rate the degree to which they have been distressed or bothered by a symptom …
Impact of acid secretion, gastritis, and mucus thickness on gastric transfer of antibiotics in rats
Authors: P V Sherwood
Journal: Gut (2002)

The success of Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens depends on gastric pH, inflammation, and mucus thickness. Our aim was to investigate the effects of acid secretion, inflammation, and mucolysis on gastric antibiotic transfer.A total of 134 anaesthetised rats were given metronidazole, amoxicillin, or clarithromycin intravenously and gastric contents were aspirated via an indwelling cannula. Acid secretion was controlled by either omeprazole or pentagastrin while gastritis was induced by infection with H pylori or dosing with iodoacetamide. Mucolysis was achieved by instilling pronase into the gastric lumen.Metronidazole transfer increased with acid secretion and fell with omeprazole, independently of gastric pH. Clarithromycin was also transferred with acid but was then rapidly degraded. Omeprazole prevented this degradation, raising gastric luminal concentrations. Omeprazole did not alter amoxicillin transfer. Gastritis induced by H pylori did not alter gastric transfer of metronidazole and amoxicillin but that of clarithromycin was increased by 23%. However, gastritis induced by iodoacetamide reduced clarithromycin transfer without any effect on metronidazole or amoxicillin transfer. Pronase treatment increased amoxicillin transfer fourfold and metronidazole by 66% but reduced clarithromycin transfer by 35%.Metronidazole and clarithromycin are predominantly transferred with gastric acid rather than by an acid trapping mechanism. Pronase increases the appearance of amoxicillin and metronidazole in gastric secretions.
Patterns of Resistance and Incomplete Response to Docetaxel by Gene Expression Profiling in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Jenny C. Chang, Eric C. Wooten, Anna Tsimelzon, Susan G. Hilsenbeck, M. Carolina Gutierrez, Yee-Lu Tham, Mamta Kalidas, Richard Elledge, Syed Mohsin, C. Kent Osborne, Gary C. Chamness, D. Craig Allred, Michael T. Lewis, Helen Wong, Peter O'Connell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Chemotherapy for operable breast cancer decreases the risk of death. Docetaxel is one of the most active agents in breast cancer, but resistance or incomplete response is frequent. Patients and Methods Core biopsies from 24 patients were obtained before treatment with neoadjuvant docetaxel (four cycles, 100 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks), and response was assessed after chemotherapy. After 3 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical specimens (n = 13) were obtained, and laser capture microdissection (LCM; n = 8) was performed to enrich for tumor cells. From each core, surgical, and LCM specimen, sufficient total RNA (3 to 6 μg) was extracted for cDNA array analysis using the Affymetrix HgU95-Av2 GeneChip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Results From the initial core biopsies, differential patterns of expression of 92 genes correlated with docetaxel response (P = .001). However, the molecular patterns of the residual cancers after 3 months of docetaxel treatment were strikingly similar, independent of initial sensitivity or resistance. This relative genetic homogeneity after treatment was observed in both LCM and non-LCM surgical specimens. The residual tumor after treatment in tumors that were initially sensitive indicates selection of a residual and resistant subpopulation of cells. The gene expression pattern was populated by genes involved in cell cycle arrest at G 2 M (eg, mitotic cyclins and cdc2) and survival pathways involving the mammalian target of rapamycin. Conclusion A specific and consistent gene expression pattern was found in residual tumors after docetaxel treatment. These profiles provide therapeutic targets that could lead to improved treatment.
Documenting the Effects of Armed Conflict on Population Health
Authors: Barry S. Levy, Victor W. Sidel
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

War and other forms of armed conflict have profound adverse effects on population health. It is important to document these effects to inform the general public and policy makers about the consequences of armed conflict, provide services to meet the needs of affected populations, protect human rights and document violations of international humanitarian law, and help to prevent future armed conflict. Documentation can be accomplished with surveillance, epidemiological surveys, and rapid assessment. Challenges include inadequate or absent data systems, social breakdown, forced migration, reporting biases, and the fog of war. The adverse effects of the Iraq War on population health demonstrate how the effects of armed conflict on population health can be documented. We recommend the establishment of an independent mechanism, operated by the United Nations or a multilateral organization, to investigate and document the effects of armed conflict on population health.
Atypical mycobacteriosis as a complication of talc pneumoconiosis
Authors: C De Coster, JM Verstraeten, P Dumortier, P De Vuyst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

A 57 year old man, receiving compensation for talc pneumoconiosis since 1977, was admitted to hospital for the first time in 1987, with symptoms of weight loss, fever, dyspnoea and productive cough. A chest roentgenogram showed bilateral cavitation. Two years later, Mycobacterium xenopi was found in sputum cultures. Despite specific oral antibiotherapy, the patient's health deteriorated and he died in 1990. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an association of talcosis with a M. xenopi pneumonia. The relative timing of the two diseases suggests that talc pneumoconiosis predisposed to the infection by M. xenopi.
Twelve year clinical study of patients with hypoxic cor pulmonale given long term domiciliary oxygen therapy.
Authors: C B Cooper, J Waterhouse, P Howard
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Patients presenting with chronic obstructive airways disease and hypoxic cor pulmonale were assessed during a period of clinical stability. Seventy two patients (53 male) with a mean age of 60 years were selected for long term oxygen therapy. Mean FEV1 was 0.78 l and forced vital capacity 1.9 l. The mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was 6.1 kPa (46 mm Hg) and the mean arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) 6.9 kPa (52 mm Hg). All patients had a PaO2 of less than 8.0 kPa (60 mm Hg) and 57 patients had a PCO2 of more than 6.0 kPa (45 mm Hg). Pulmonary haemodynamics were measured in 45 patients yielding the following mean values: pulmonary artery pressure 28.3 mm Hg; cardiac output 5.9 l min-1; total pulmonary vascular resistance 59.2 kPa l-1 S. Oxygen delivery systems, including 23 oxygen concentrators, were installed in the patients' homes. Flow rates were adjusted to raise PaO2 to more than 8.0 kPa (60 mm Hg) for at least 15 hours each day and close supervision was maintained. Overall five year survival was 62%, which is better than previously reported for this type of patient; but the 10 year survival was only 26% owing to an observed acceleration in death rate at about this time. Progressive disturbances of the pulmonary circulation were arrested. Mortality was associated with the severity of airflow obstruction, reflecting a continuing pathological process affecting the airways.
Free perforation in Crohn's disease
Authors: D. M. Steinberg, W. T. Cooke, J. Alexander-Williams
Journal: Gut (1973)

Free perforation is a rare complication of Crohn's disease. Seven cases were found in a total series of 360 in Birmingham. It occurs during an acute exacerbation of chronic disease, particularly in the presence of distal obstruction. The incidence of this complication may becoming less common and steroid therapy was not a precipitating factor. Primary resection of the perforated and distal obstructed bowel is likely to give the best results.
Photodynamic Therapy with 3-(1′-Hexyloxyethyl) Pyropheophorbide <i>a</i> for Cancer of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Nestor Rigual, Gal Shafirstein, Michele T. Cooper, Heinz Baumann, David A. Bellnier, Ulas Sunar, Erin C. Tracy, Daniel J. Rohrbach, Gregory Wilding, Wei Tan, Maureen Sullivan, Mihai Merzianu, Barbara W. Henderson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: The primary objective was to evaluate safety of 3-(1′-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) photodynamic therapy (HPPH-PDT) for dysplasia and early squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Secondary objectives were the assessment of treatment response and reporters for an effective PDT reaction. Experimental Design: Patients with histologically proven oral dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or early-stage HNSCC were enrolled in two sequentially conducted dose escalation studies with an expanded cohort at the highest dose level. These studies used an HPPH dose of 4 mg/m2 and light doses from 50 to 140 J/cm2. Pathologic tumor responses were assessed at 3 months. Clinical follow up range was 5 to 40 months. PDT induced cross-linking of STAT3 were assessed as potential indicators of PDT effective reaction. Results: Forty patients received HPPH-PDT. Common adverse events were pain and treatment site edema. Biopsy proven complete response rates were 46% for dysplasia and carcinoma in situ and 82% for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) lesions at 140 J/cm2. The responses in the carcinoma in situ/dysplasia cohort are not durable. The PDT-induced STAT3 cross-links is significantly higher (P = 0.0033) in SCC than in carcinoma in situ/dysplasia for all light doses. Conclusion: HPPH-PDT is safe for the treatment of carcinoma in situ/dysplasia and early-stage cancer of the oral cavity. Early-stage oral HNSCC seems to respond better to HPPH-PDT in comparison with premalignant lesions. The degree of STAT3 cross-linking is a significant reporter to evaluate HPPH-PDT–mediated photoreaction. Clin Cancer Res; 19(23); 6605–13. ©2013 AACR.
Expression and Activity of Histone Deacetylases in Human Asthmatic Airways
Authors: Kazuhiro Ito, Gaetano Caramori, Sam Lim, Tim Oates, K. Fan Chung, Peter J. Barnes, Ian M. Adcock
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes. Chromatin modification plays a critical role in the regulation of these genes. Acetyaltion of histones by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) is associated with increased gene transcription, whereas hypocetylation induced by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is associated with suppression of gene expression. We have examined the expression and activity of HATs and HDACs in bronchial biopsies from normal subjects and subjects with asthma. There was no difference in the site of HDAC1–HDAC6 expression between normal subjects and subjects with asthma, but subjects with asthma had reduced HDAC enzymatic activity and reduced HDAC1 and HDAC2 protein expression, as measured by Western blotting. In contrast, subjects with asthma treated with inhaled steroids were found to have greater HDAC activity than untreated subjects with asthma, although still lower than control subjects. In contrast, although there was no change in the site of HAT (CREB binding protein and p300/CREB binding protein–associated factor) expression, HAT activity was increased in subjects with asthma. HAT activity was reduced to control levels in subjects with asthma treated with inhaled steroids. The increase in HAT activity and reduced HDAC activity in asthma may underlie the increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes, and this is reversed, at least in part, by treatment with inhaled steroids.
What determines levels of passive smoking in children with asthma?
Authors: L. Irvine, I. K. Crombie, R. A. Clark, P. W. Slane, K. E. Goodman, C. Feyerabend, J. I. Cater
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Children with parents who smoke are often exposed to high levels of environmental tobacco smoke, and children with asthma are particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of passive smoking. Data were collected from parents who smoke and from their asthmatic children. The families are currently taking part in a randomised controlled trial to test an intervention designed to reduce passive smoking in children with asthma. This paper reports on the baseline data. Questionnaire data and cotinine levels were compared in an attempt to assess exposure and to identify factors which influence exposure of the children. The aim of the study was to identify the scope for a reduction in passive smoking by these children. METHODS: A sample of 501 families with an asthmatic child aged 2-12 years was obtained. Factors influencing passive smoking were assessed by interviewing parents. Cotinine levels were measured from saliva samples using gas liquid chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection. RESULTS: Cotinine levels in children were strongly associated with the age of the child, the number of parents who smoked, contact with other smokers, the frequency of smoking in the same room as the child, and crowding within the home. Parental cotinine levels, the amount smoked in the home, and whether the home had a garden also exerted an independent effect on cotinine levels in the children. CONCLUSIONS: Many children are exposed to high levels of environmental tobacco smoke and their cotinine levels are heavily dependent upon proximity to the parent who smokes. Parents who smoke have a unique opportunity to benefit their child9s health by modifying their smoking habits within the home.
Response: Re: Mortality From Lymphohematopoietic Malignancies and Brain Cancer Among Embalmers Exposed to Formaldehyde
Authors: M. Hauptmann, P. A. Stewart, J. H. Lubin, L. E. Beane freeman, R. W. Hornung, R. F. Herrick, R. N. Hoover, J. F. Fraumeni, A. Blair, R. B. Hayes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)
HLA antigens in persistent palmoplantar pustulosis and its relationship to psoriasis
Authors: JOANNA M. WARD, R. M. R. BARNES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

HLA typing was performed on 93 patients with persistent palmoplantar pustulosis. The incidence of either HLA B13 or BW17 was not significantly increased as compared to controls. In addition the frequency of BW35 was no different from controls. However, the present results document a significantly increased frequency (38.7%) of B8. Taken together these data are good evidence that palmoplantar pustulosis is a genetically distinct disease entity from psoriasis vulgaris, despite the increased incidence of psoriasis in the condition.
Polymorphism, Divergence, and the Role of Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome Evolution
Authors: A. D. Cutter, A. M. Moses
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

A contentious issue in molecular evolution and population genetics concerns the roles of recombination as a facilitator of natural selection and as a potential source of mutational input into genomes. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular, has injected both insights and confusion into this topic, as an early system subject to genomic analysis with subsequent conflicting reports. Here, we revisit the role of recombination in mutation and selection with recent genome-wide maps of population polymorphism and recombination for S. cerevisiae. We confirm that recombination-associated mutation does not leave a genomic signature in yeast and conclude that a previously observed, enigmatic, negative recombination–divergence correlation is largely a consequence of weak selection and other genomic covariates. We also corroborate the presence of biased gene conversion from patterns of polymorphism. Moreover, we identify significant positive relations between recombination and population polymorphism at putatively neutrally evolving sites, independent of other factors and the genomic scale of interrogation. We conclude that widespread natural selection across the yeast genome has left its imprint on segregating genetic variation, but that this signature is much weaker than in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis.
Mesothelioma after lung transplantation
Authors: P N Chhajed, L Bubendorf, H Hirsch, A Boehler, W Weder, M Tamm
Journal: Thorax (2006)

The case history is presented of a lung transplant recipient who developed malignant mesothelioma. This is thought to be the first such report. Mesothelioma should be suspected in lung transplant recipients with a haemorrhagic pleural effusion in the native lung when there is no convincing evidence for bronchogenic carcinoma or post transplant lymphoproliferative disease, even in the absence of exposure to asbestos.