tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does captopril lower blood pressure in anephric patients?
Authors: A J Man in 't Veld, G J Wenting, M A Schalekamp
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Does captopril lower blood pressure in anephric patients?Captopril inhibits peptidyldipeptide hydrolase, the enzyme that con- verts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and degrades bradykinin.Capto- pril's antihypertensive action seems to depend on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system in relation to the state of sodium balance.'-3It is not clear, particularly in patients with normal or low plasma renin activity, whether captopril lowers blood pressure by eliminating the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II or by allowing the vasodilator bradykinin to accumulate.We have studied captopril's effect on supine and standing blood pressure in an anephric woman in three different states of sodium balance.
Transient Hypertension And Phenylpropanolamine
Authors: Philip H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reference to Ostern and Dodson's communication on "Hypertension Following Ornade Ingestion" (<b>194</b>:472, 1965), I can report a somewhat similar, although less alarming, experience with Contac, a proprietary preparation containing 50 mg of phenylpropanolamine. The blood-pressure readings in two young men taking physical examinations for insurance purposes were found to be at the range of 180/110 mm Hg. The men had ingested Contac for treatment of acute rhinitis. These pressures returned to normal the following day, after discontinuance of the medication.
TCT-581 Optical coherence tomography during everolimus-eluting bioabsorbable vascular scaffold implantation in patients whith acute coronary syndrome.
Authors: Manuel Pan, Romero Miguel, Ojeda Soledad, Suàrez De Lezo Javier, Mazuelos Francisco, Jose Segura, Medina Alfonso, Suàrez De Lezo Josè
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Efficacy and safety of interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients: a Czech multicenter study
Authors: Petr Husa, Vladislav Krtek, Jiri Svejda, Jaroslav Stransky, Blanka Cieslarova, Vit Nadvornik, Jiri Ehrmann, Petr Urbanek, Miroslava Volfova
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Continuing Education Courses for Physicians
Authors: Rutledge W. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE 23rd annual listing of continuing education courses for physicians in the United States appears in the following pages. In it included 7,330 courses offered by 1,504 institutions and organizations for the period from Sept 1, 1977, to Aug 31, 1978. <h3>Purpose of the List</h3> The list of courses is published as a service to all physicians who are interested in maintaining their competence and skill through the medium of formal courses and other organized activities in continuing medical education. It is recognized that there are many ways in which physicians may remain abreast of advances in medicine, and participation in formal courses is only one of them. The number of physicians who appreciate the value of regular, formal study has been increasing steadily, however, and participation in the listed courses continues to grow. The list has also been useful to staff members of institutions and organizations offering the courses,
Review of company postmarketing surveillance studies.
Authors: P. C. Waller, S. M. Wood, M. J. Langman, A. M. Breckenridge, M. D. Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To review postmarketing surveillance studies sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry since the introduction of voluntary guidelines in 1987 and to evaluate their contribution to monitoring drug safety. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of the information submitted to the Medicines Control Agency on postmarketing surveillance studies. SETTING--United Kingdom. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Study designs, projected and actual sample sizes, provision of interim and final reports, number of suspected serious adverse reactions reported, identification of new drug safety hazards. RESULTS--31 studies had been conducted under the guidelines, of which 27 were prospective and four retrospective. Nine studies had at least one comparator group, the remainder were uncontrolled. The median projected sample size for the studies was 5600 patients. Only five studies had achieved at least 75% of the projected sample size. 11 studies had been abandoned, predominantly because of difficulties in recruitment, and 15 were ongoing. One study had identified an important new safety hazard. CONCLUSIONS--Company postmarketing surveillance studies have made only a limited contribution to the assessment of drug safety, principally because of weak study designs and difficulties in recruitment. The guidelines require modification to take this experience into account.
NEED OF DERMATOLOGISTS FOR DEEPER KNOWLEDGE OF ALLERGY
Authors: James H. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  InThe Journal, October 27, page 1275, Dr. Coca begins his paper with the statement If one should inquire which of the existing medical specialties would profit especially through a deeper knowledge of allergic disease, one would necessarily think first of dermatology.  On page 1277 Dr. Coca says: I have treated three patients according to Sulzberger's plan, all of which were much more sensitive by skin test to oidiomycin than to trichophytin. One of the three, a traveling salesman with large lesions on both forearms and elsewhere on the body, was unable to take the injections regularly and during the few months of his treatment his skin sensitivity remained stationary and his local condition remained unchanged. This case was later seen to be one of psoriasis.  The last sentence would seem to indicate that the need of the dermatologist for a deeper knowledge of allergy is equaled
Left ventricular response to isometric exercise in patients with denervated and innervated hearts.
Authors: W M Savin, E L Alderman, W L Haskell, J S Schroeder, N B Ingels, G T Daughters, E B Stinson
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Patients with cardiac denervation resulting from allograft transplantation have been observed to increase their diastolic and systolic blood pressure during isometric exercise without concomitant cardioacceleration. To determine the mechanism for the blood pressure increase, heart rate, blood pressure, and ventricular volumes (measured using fluoroscopy of tantalum midwall myocardial markers) were recorded before and after a 50% maximal voluntary contraction. Seven cardiac transplant recipients (denervated heart) and seven nontransplant patients (innervated heart) were studied. Innervated and denervated heart patients increased systolic blood pressure by 16% and 21% and total peripheral resistance by 20% and 12%, respectively. The percentage responses were not significantly different between groups, except for heart rate, which increased 17% in innervated heart patients and 2% in denervated heart patients (p less than 0.05). Neither group had enhanced contractility or increases in cardiac output, suggesting that the blood pressure increases resulted in both groups from increased peripheral resistance.
Methods for the Local Application of Sulphanilamide
Authors: F. Hawking
Journal: BMJ (1941)

on July 29, two days after an indwelling catheter was resumed, and on July 30 his pulse was a steady 72 and his temperature normal.The catheter was removed on July 31.Even before its removal fluid injected into the bladder by the catheter re- turned freely by the urethra outside the catheter.On .~\\July 31 a rigor occurred with a temperature of 105°and an acute right orchitis.With Dr. G. S. Haynes's concur- rence sulphapyridine was Al/I f, ,given; the temperature fell in forty-eight hours, and 1\\<s/ } / 1/ / subsequent convalescence was uneventful.Urine was passed snaturally and easily after August 1, and the patient de- scribes the stream as " better than normal."Drawing of right half-prostateThe specimen after reof Case 2; natural size, weight moval was an almost globular II oz.mass 42 cm. in diameter, and weighing ILT oz.On section the mass was a typical adenoma without cysts.On the left aspect was visible, adherent to but separable from it, a smooth elastic band representing the right half of the prostatic urethra.Above, this broadened out to terminate in a torn edge at the urethral outlet of the bladder.Below, it narrowed to a point short of the verumontanum, where the urethra had been half torn across (see Fig.).
Determinants of ignition times: Topographies of cell assemblies and the activation delays they imply
Authors: Friedemann Pulvermüller, Bettina Mohr
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The cell assembly model of language posits that words are laid down in the cortex by discrete sets of neurons distributed over specific parts of the brain. The strong internal links of these "word webs" may not only bind articulatory and acoustic knowledge of a lexical item, they may also link word and meaning; for example, by connecting neuron populations related to word forms to those of actions and perceptions to which the words refer. Therefore, the cortical activation elicited by words should reflect aspects of word meaning, a postulate that has received strong support from recent work using neurophysiological and metabolic imaging. Segalowitz & Lane make the point that this neurobiological model can also be used to predict reaction times in behavioral experiments, using the behavioral distinction between content and function words as an example. We acclaim their view, but warn that response times might be related to different mechanisms at the neuronal level, including the cortical distribution and internal connectivity of cell assemblies along with their mutual connections in the grammatical (syntactic and semantic) network.
Binge Drinking Induces Whole-Body Insulin Resistance by Impairing Hypothalamic Insulin Action
Authors: Claudia Lindtner, Thomas Scherer, Elizabeth Zielinski, Nika Filatova, Martin Fasshauer, Nicholas K. Tonks, Michelle Puchowicz, Christoph Buettner
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Rats given alcohol to simulate binge drinking exhibit the first signs of diabetes, a result of altered insulin action in the brain.
Significance of Smoking as a Postoperative Prognostic Factor in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Takeshi Hanagiri, Kenji Sugio, Makiko Mizukami, Yoshinobu Ichiki, Masakazu Sugaya, Manabu Yasuda, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Kosei Yasumoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Camels could be the source of MERS coronavirus, research finds
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Camels could be a reservoir of a respiratory virus that has been circulating in the Middle East and has been implicated in 46 deaths, an international team of researchers has found.1

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first detected last year. Previous research has shown that the virus can replicate in cell lines from bats (believed to be the source of the SARS coronavirus outbreak in 2002-03), but bats are thought unlikely to be the source of the MERS outbreak. And since human to human transmission of MERS appears rare, public health researchers have been looking for an alternative animal reservoir.

Chantal Reusken, of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in the Netherlands, and colleagues, said that dromedary camels may be the culprits. They …
Respiratory viruses and sudden infant death.
Authors: A L Williams, E C Uren, L Bretherton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Viruses were shown to be present in the respiratory tract in 200 of 763 cases of the sudden infant death syndrome studied in the nine years 1974-82. Epidemiological and pathological evidence suggested that the distribution of viruses in the sudden infant death syndrome differs between infants aged 3 months or less and those aged over 3 months: the incidence of detection of virus was 14% in the younger group compared with 39% in the older group. The distribution of the viruses in these two groups was compared with that in 1341 live infants with respiratory virus infections. Adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and rhinovirus had similar distribution among the victims of the sudden infant death syndrome and live controls. The incidence of detection of respiratory syncytial virus was increased in the older infants dying of the sudden infant death syndrome (90% of the cases detected) compared with the older group of live infants (53%). Antibody studies, detection of virus, and epidemiological data suggest that respiratory syncytial virus may be a precipitating factor of sudden death in older infants.
Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting
Authors: Michael C. Anderson, Simon Hanslmayr
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2014)

Not all memories are equally welcome in awareness. People limit the time they spend thinking about unpleasant experiences, a process that begins during encoding, but that continues when cues later remind someone of the memory. Here, we review the emerging behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that suppressing awareness of an unwelcome memory, at encoding or retrieval, is achieved by inhibitory control processes mediated by the lateral prefrontal cortex. These mechanisms interact with neural structures that represent experiences in memory, disrupting traces that support retention. Thus, mechanisms engaged to regulate momentary awareness introduce lasting biases in which experiences remain accessible. We argue that theories of forgetting that neglect the motivated control of awareness omit a powerful force shaping the retention of our past.
A Controlled Clinical Trial of Cimetidine in the Recurrence of Variceal Hemorrhage: Implications about the Pathogenesis of Hemorrhage
Authors: Brian R.D. Macdougall, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

In a prospective randomized double–blind controlled trial, 51 patients, 16 with cirrhosis and 35 with extrahepatic portal hypertension all of whom presented with variceal bleeding, were given either long–term cimetidine in a dosage of 1.6 gm daily (24 patients) or placebo tablets (27 patients). Thirty–eight patients completed 2 years of treatment. For 16 patients with cirrhosis, there was no significant difference in the frequency of rebleeding between the cimetidine (62.5%) and placebo (75.0%) groups. Similarly, in 35 patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension, the frequency with which bleeding recurred in the cimetidine (37.5%) and placebo groups (36.8%) was not significantly different. Gastric acid and esophageal function studies, including basal acid output, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, esophageal acid reflux, and clearance measurements, showed no significant differences between patients with cirrhosis or extrahepatic portal hypertension both before and after variceal bleeding and in healthy control subjects. These results suggest that it is unlikely that gastric acid reflux is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of variceal hemorrhage, and cimetidine does not prevent recurrent episodes of bleeding.
Bronchial elastic fibers in normal subjects and asthmatic patients.
Authors: J Bousquet, J Y Lacoste, P Chanez, P Vic, P Godard, F B Michel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Elastic fibers required to maintain bronchial patency during ventilation may be damaged in asthma as a result of repair following inflammation or stretching during exacerbations. Fifteen normal subjects and 40 asthmatics of variable severity were studied. Bronchial biopsies were obtained from a subsegmental bronchus using a flexible bronchoscope. The elastic fibers were examined using orceine-eosine sustaining and/or immunohistochemistry with two monoclonal antibodies against elastin or transmission electron microscopy (six asthmatics and four control subjects). Orceine-eosine staining revealed that most normal subjects had normal fibers throughout the submucosa whereas of the 21 asthmatics analyzed only three had a normal superficial elastin network. In five patients, elastin had virtually disappeared. In the remaining patients, fibers appeared fragmented. The deeper layer of elastic fibers was abnormal in 17 asthmatics, fibers being patchy, tangled, and thickened. The fragmentation of the superficial network of elastic fibers shown in asthmatics was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopy studies suggested that the elastinolytic process and fragmentation of elastic fibers occurred in asthmatics. Elastinolysis occurs in the airways of asthmatics possibly as a result of repair elicited by chronic inflammation. Mechanical stretch induced by breathing and edema may lead to the fragmentation of fibers in asthmatic airways.
Ultrasonography in Jaundice
Authors: KENNETH J.W. TAYLOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1978Ultrasonography in JaundiceKENNETH J.W. TAYLOR, M.D., PH.D.KENNETH J.W. TAYLOR, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-6-1007 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Lapis and colleagues (Ann Intern Med89:61-63, 1978) gave rise to considerable concern among our referring physicians, since our experience with ultrasound in the jaundiced patient during the past 5 years has led us to totally different results and conclusions (1, 2), results that have been substantiated by many other independent groups (3, 4). Lapis and associates cause considerable confusion with their terminology for different parts of the biliary tree: They use the term bile ducts and hepatic ducts to refer to the common bile duct, the right, left, and common hepatic ducts, and...References1. TAYLORMCCREADY KV: A clinical evaluation of grey-scale ultrasonography. Br J Radiol 49:244-252, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. TAYLORROSENFIELD KA: Grey-scale ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. Arch Surg 112:820-825, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ISIKOFFDIACONIS MJ: Ultrasound: a new diagnostic approach to the jaundiced patient. JAMA 238:221-223, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. NEIMANMINTZER JR: Accuracy of biliary duct ultrasound: comparison with cholangiography. Am J Roentgenol 129:979-982, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TAYLORHILL KC: Scanning techniques in grey-scale ultrasonography. Br J Radiol 49:918-920, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. TAYLORROSENFIELD KA: Grey-scale ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. Arch Surg 112:820-825, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06510 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1978Volume 89, Issue 6Page: 1007-1008KeywordsBile ductsBiliary systemUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 December 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bmi1 Controls Tumor Development in an Ink4a/Arf-Independent Manner in a Mouse Model for Glioma
Authors: Sophia W.M. Bruggeman, Danielle Hulsman, Ellen Tanger, Tessa Buckle, Marleen Blom, John Zevenhoven, Olaf van Tellingen, Maarten van Lohuizen
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
Nathan Smith (1762–1829), Politician
Authors: Oliver S. Hayward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THERE is a little of the politician in all men. Most physicians sternly repress this facet of their character. However, anyone concerned with medical education nowadays finds that he must cultivate his ability to deal with the politicians of the city, the state and perhaps more particularly the federal Government. It may be of some interest to know that two hundred years ago the need was as great as it is now. Nathan Smith, though a skilled surgeon and busy in his practice, was a medical educator, one of the foremost of his time, who in the course of his . . .
Interferon-gamma inhibits arterial stenosis after injury.
Authors: G K Hansson, J Holm
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Arterial injury initiates a proliferative response among the smooth muscle cells of the artery. This leads to the formation of a thickened intima that may reduce the diameter of the arterial lumen. Such intimal lesions often develop after vascular surgery and angioplastic procedures. Previous cell culture studies have shown that the lymphokine, interferon-gamma (gIFN), inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS We therefore tested whether administration of exogenous gIFN could inhibit the development of intimal lesions. Rat carotid arteries were denuded with a balloon catheter, resulting in the formation of a standardized intimal lesion. The animals were then treated with recombinant rat gIFN at 200,000 units (approximately 400,000 units or 100 micrograms/kg body wt) administered parenterally once daily for 7 days. Autoradiographic analysis of 3H-thymidine incorporation revealed that gIFN reduced the early smooth muscle replication by approximately 75%. gIFN treatment for 1 week resulted in a 50% reduction of intimal cross-section area at 2 weeks after injury when compared to control rats injected with buffer alone. The difference in lesion development persisted in rats analyzed 10 weeks after injury, suggesting that proliferative events during the first week determine the long-term development of the intima. Inhibition of lesion development was accompanied by expression of the class II histocompatibility (Ia) gene, RT1B, suggesting that both were directly related to the administration of gIFN. CONCLUSIONS These results show that gIFN is a potent inhibitor of the formation of arterial proliferative lesions in vivo. It is possible that gIFN could be useful in preventing arterial stenosis after surgery and angioplasty in man.
Antibiotics in Tests for Toxicity of Snake Venom
Authors: Floyd Boys
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Preliminary experiments on the effects of snake venom on rabbits have revealed that the injection of solutions of venoms as ordinarily supplied, although under aseptic conditions, may be followed by indications not only of venom poisoning but also of bacterial action. Experimental and clinical observations on cases of snake envenomization wherein antibiotics have not been employed (to wit, in animal experiments to eliminate any bacteria contaminating the venom, and in naturally envenomated animals or humans to prevent or minimize secondary tissue bacterial contamination), cannot be accepted as reliable indicators of venom action since bacterial action may be an important factor in the symptomatology and results of the envenomization. <h3>The Problem</h3> The scientific literature of recent years has included several publications which appear to substantiate the above conclusion. In 1956, Parrish and others<sup>1</sup>reviewed the literature pertaining to the bacterial contaminants in the mouths and the venom glands of venomous
Systemic lupus erythematosus: two patients treated with danazol
Authors: K D Morley, A Parke, G R V Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Two women with systemic lupus erythematosus who showed premenstrual flaring of the disease were treated with danazol, which resulted in clinical improvement. This form of treatment needs to be assessed more widely, as there is little reported evidence that hormonal regulation has therapeutic value in systemic lupus erythematosus.