tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Too Much Use of Drugs
Authors: ROBERT F. THOMPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 July 1972Too Much Use of DrugsROBERT F. THOMPSON, M.D.ROBERT F. THOMPSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-1-150_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wonder how many other "prescribing physicians were dismayed by the paper of Stolley, et al (Drug Prescribing and Use in an American Community, 76:537-540, 1972) and your editorial comment in the April issue. Such ideas should certainly be distributable to all physicians, along with the pharmaceutical propaganda. Alas!I should like to suggest an alternative to the emphasis of these papers. Although there were allusions to the role of the teaching center, my feeling was that the finger of blame was being pointed at me and the drug industry. I think I am more likely to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByFamily Characteristics Associated with Marijuana Use among Adolescents 1 July 1972Volume 77, Issue 1Page: 150-150KeywordsDrugsEmotions Issue Published: 1 July 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Presence of distinct AP-1 dimers in normal and transformed rat hepatocytes under basal conditions and after epidermal growth factor stimulation
Authors: F Nadori, B Lardeux, M Rahmani, A Bringuier, A Durand-Schneider, D Bernuau
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Activation of the transcriptional regulator AP-1, a dimeric complex formed of various combinations of Fos and Jun proteins, is a key step in the cellular response to mitogens. Because different dimers are believed to display different regulatory functions, we hypothesized that transformed cells that lack normal growth constraints might display AP-1 dimers that are different from those of normal cells. We therefore compared in primary and transformed rat hepatocytes (1) the composition of AP-1 dimers under basal conditions and (2) AP-1 induction by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Under basal conditions, AP-1 contained predominantly Jun homodimers in both cell types. However, whereas normal hepatocytes contained only JunD, both JunD and JunB were present in the AP-1 complex of 7777 cells. EGF treatment triggered almost identical programs of fos and jun gene activation at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level in both cell types, with an early accumulation of c-fos, c-jun, and junB mRNAs, but no change in junD mRNA levels. In both cell types, c-Fos and Fra-1 proteins increased after EGF treatment, but differences in the induction of Jun proteins were noted, with an increase of c-Jun in hepatocytes and an increase of JunB in 7777 cells. In both cell types, activation of AP-1 DNA binding activity by EGF was accompanied by the recruitment of Fra-1 into AP-1, detected earlier in 7777 cells than in hepatocytes, and with the transient appearance of c-Fos in 7777 cells only. Finally, EGF activated AP-1-dependent transcription in 7777 cells but not in hepatocytes. These data indicate important differences in the functional activity of AP-1 in transformed hepatocytes.
Atrial Fibrillation Node aBLAtion and Clinical ouTcomEs in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (ABLATE-CRT) Trial
Authors: Serkan Çay, Fatih Uçar, Ahmet Duran Demir, Göksel Çağırcı, Serkan Topaloğlu, Dursun Aras, Sinan Aydoğdu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Angiotensin-1—converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism, plasma ACE levels, and their association with the metabolic syndrome and electrocardiographic coronary artery disease in Pima Indians
Authors: D.K. Nagi, C.A. Foy, V. Mohamed-Ali, J.S. Yudkin, P.J. Grant, W.C. Knowler
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS WITH DAPSONE
Authors: CYRIL M. ROSS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS WITH DAPSONE Get access CYRIL M. ROSS, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P., F.R.F.P.S. CYRIL M. ROSS, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P., F.R.F.P.S. Dermatologist to the Boksburg‐Benoni and Far East Rand Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 10, 1 October 1961, Pages 367–370, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14398.x Published: 01 October 1961
Nutrition During and After Cancer Treatment: A Guide for Informed Choices by Cancer Survivors
Authors: J. Brown, T. Byers, K. Thompson, B. Eldridge, C. Doyle, A. M. Williams
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2001)

Many studies have been conducted about dietary interventions aimed at preventing cancer. The American Cancer Society has published guidelines on diet, nutrition and cancer prevention, which are updated periodically as new evidence emerges, and other groups, too, have issued statements or guidelines about nutritional strategies to prevent cancer. Much less is known, however, about optimal nutrition for cancer survivors. This report looks at the different phases of cancer survivorship, from active treatment to advanced disease, and presents existing evidence from which informed decisions can be made regarding dietary choices. Popular complementary and alternative methods related to dietary intervention are reviewed. Nutrition information is also provided according to common cancer sites. As this is an area that requires survivors and health care providers to communicate effectively, a special section on "frequently asked questions" is provided for use as a patient education handout.
Determinants and Mechanisms of Flecainide-Induced Promotion of Ventricular Tachycardia in Anesthetized Dogs
Authors: Suzanne Ranger, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Class IC antiarrhythmic agents such as flecainide are known to have potentially significant ventricular proarrhythmic actions, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. While some studies have reported proarrhythmia in both healthy dogs and dogs that previously have had a myocardial infarction (MI), there are no published, controlled studies comparing proarrhythmia in healthy dogs vs in dogs with MI. In addition, the concentration dependence of proarrhythmia is unknown and the electrophysiological changes associated with proarrhythmia are not well established. Methods We administered successive loading and maintenance infusions of flecainide until ventricular tachyarrhythmia or death occurred in 13 healthy dogs and 19 dogs with 72-hour-old MIs (MI dogs). Ventricular proarrhythmia, defined as reproducible ventricular tachycardia absent under control conditions and occurring in the presence of flecainide, was observed in 4 of 13 healthy dogs (31%) and 15 of 19 MI dogs (79%, P =.02), and drug-induced spontaneous ventricular tachycardia occurred in 8 of 19 MI dogs but in no healthy dogs ( P =.007). Activation data at the time of proarrhythmia were available for 11 MI dogs and provided evidence for reentry in 9, with a complete epicardial reentry circuit identified in 4 dogs and a partial circuit in 5. While flecainide slowed ventricular conduction in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, there were no significant differences between overall drug-induced conduction changes in MI dogs compared with healthy dogs. However, in 7 MI dogs for whom activation data were available during ventricular pacing at concentrations comparable to those causing proarrhythmia, flecainide induced a new arc of block in 6 of 7, whereas an arc of block was never observed in the absence of proarrhythmia. Conduction block was induced transverse to fiber orientation in a rate-dependent fashion and was caused by a regionally-specific effect of the drug. No differences were noted between refractory periods proximal and distal to the site of block. Conclusions Prior MI strongly predisposes dogs to flecainide proarrhythmia, which occurs in the majority of such dogs in a concentration-related way. In most cases, activation data suggest that anisotropic reentry around a localized arc of rate-dependent transverse conduction block underlies proarrhythmia. These results provide insights into the conditions and mechanisms underlying the ability of flecainide to promote the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia.
1373 EFFECT OF IRON DEPLETION ON LIVER DAMAGE IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: L. Valenti, A.L. Fracanzani, P. Dongiovanni, E. Fatta, E.A. Pulixi, M. Maggioni, S. Rovida, S. Fargion
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
EVALUATION OF THE UTILITY OF ADDING Co-57 TRANSMISSION AND MARROW SCINTIGRAPHY TO 3-PHASE BONE AND LABELED LEUKOCYTE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF OSTEOMYELITIS IN VIOLATED BONE
Authors: H. D. Tran, B. J. Barron, B. Browner, K. Lyssy, L. M. Lamki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
FIRST DEMONSTRATION THAT INCREASED PLAQUE VOLUME AND MORE NON-CALCIFIED PLAQUE BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE, INDEPENDENT OF LUMINAL SIZE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Jesus Gustavo Vazquez Figueroa, Parag H. Joshi, Abhinav Sharma, Zhen Qian, Torrance Laury, Sarah Rinehart, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Anastrozole shows promise for early breast cancer
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (Arimidex) has shown similar disease-free survival but fewer side effects than the established treatment, tamoxifen, in a major trial of postmenopausal women with hormone sensitive, early breast cancer ( Lancet 2002;359:2131-9).

First results from the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) trial showed a small but non-significant increase in disease-free survival at three years with anastrozole (89.4% compared with 87.4% with tamoxifen (hazard ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval …
The application of image analysis and neural network technology to the study of large-cell liver-cell dysplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: C S An, L M Petrovic, I Reyter, T Tolmachoff, L D Ferrell, S N Thung, S A Geller, A M Marchevsky
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Liver cell dysplasia (LCD) is considered a preneoplastic lesion, whose characterization and differentiation from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and from the reactive changes seen in cirrhosis has been controversial. We studied 12 cases of LCD (large cell type) with image analysis techniques (IA) and compared the findings with those of HCC (n = 40), and a spectrum of non-neoplastic hepatic lesions including normal liver and cirrhosis (n = 49). A minimum of 200 Feulgen-stained nuclei were measured from each lesion with the CAS 200 image analysis system. The data were collected with the aid of CellSheet software. Thirty-four variables were measured, including geometric, textural, and photometric nuclear features and DNA ploidy. The data were analyzed with multivariate statistics and a backpropagation neural network (NN). Stepwise statistical analysis selected 22 variables that were statistically significant in the three groups with P values <.05. Various NN architectures were developed using these variables. The best NN architecture included a sigmoidal transfer function, 14 input, 16 hidden, and 3 output neurons. It trained to completion after 8,887 runs using 90% of the lesions. This NN yielded a 100% cross-validation rate for unknown cases. These data support the concept of LCD (large cell type) as a lesion that can be objectively distinguished from HCC and non-neoplastic liver. Our study also demonstrates the potential usefulness of IA for the evaluation of difficult histopathological problems.
Relation between lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and airways obstruction.
Authors: M Caplin, F Festenstein
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Since cigarette smoking is an important cause of lung cancer and chronic bronchitis both conditions should occur together more often in cigarette smokers than would result from chance. If they do commonly occur together then severe airways obstruction, which is often associated with chronic bronchitis, should also be often associated with lung cancer. To discover whether this were so three groups of patients were studied at the London Chest Hospital. Two hundred men and 43 women who presented with lung cancer provided information on the prevalence of defined chronic bronchitis and airways obstruction in those suffering from lung cancer. The third group consisted of 233 men presenting with defined chronic bronchitis who were kept under observation to discover how many would die from lung cancer. The results suggested that simple bronchitis and lung cancer often occur together but that obstructive bronchitis and lung cancer do not often occur together. The lack of association between lung cancer and severe airways obstruction requires an explanation.
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON PHENOXYPROPAZINE
Authors: NORMAN W. IMLAH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

A preliminary clinical investigation of a new MAO inhibiting antidepressant, phenoxypropazine, is reported. Of 20 cases, 14 were improved, and in 12 cases the response was highly satisfactory after 6 weeks. Side effects were comparatively few, and with one exception, mild. Hypotensive activity was slight.
Abdomen and Rectum and Anus
Authors: Robert M. Kradjian
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Despite its ungainly title,<i>Abdomen and Rectum and Anus</i>is a gracefully written text. Containing 56 chapters contributed by 41 authors, it is volume 10 of a 17-volume work entitled<i>Clinical Surgery,</i>and is essentially a treatise on abdominal surgery. The book is divided into two parts. The first, devoted to surgery of the abdomen, contains a systematic coverage of the usual surgical topics. Outstanding chapters include discussions of abdominal incisions, abdominal hernia, peptic ulceration of the esophagus, achalasia of the cardia, intestinal obstruction, Hirschsprung's disease, liver abscess, regional enteritis, carcinoma of the gallbladder, pancreatitis, portal hypertension, and tumors of the liver. The second part is devoted to surgical diseases of the rectum and anus. The reader will find few fundamental differences between British surgical thought as presented here and American surgical practice. The book's distinguishing feature is its "Britishness": the writing of our English colleagues is often vigorous and
PNEUMONIA IN CHILDHOOD.
Authors: AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

While the symptomatology of pneumonia has been thoroughly worked out, and the disease is viewed as infectious by those most competent to judge, there remains yet some diversity of opinion as to the relations between the varieties designated respectively croupous or lobar and catarrhal or lobular. Pneumonia is no longer considered the pulmonary localization of a constitutional disorder, but rather a true inflammation of the lung, dependent, as experience has shown, upon a variety of causes. While the essential and the final cause is some low form of vegetal life, we have learned that the active bacterium is not always the same and that its mere presence is not sufficient to constitute or initiate the disease-process. On the contrary, certain conditions must have been previously fulfilled in order that the activity of the microörganism shall be expended in a specific direction. Pneumonia in adult life differs from the same disease
A New Type of Metal Recognition by Human T Cells
Authors: Katharina Gamerdinger, Corinne Moulon, David R. Karp, Jeroen van Bergen, Frits Koning, Doris Wild, Ulrike Pflugfelder, Hans Ulrich Weltzien
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

In spite of high frequencies of metal allergies, the structural basis for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted metal recognition is among the unanswered questions in the field of T cell activation. For the human T cell clone SE9, we have identified potential Ni contact sites in the T cell receptor (TCR) and the restricting human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR structure. The specificity of this HLA-DR–promiscuous VA22/VB17+ TCR is primarily harbored in its α chain. Ni reactivity is neither dependent on protein processing in antigen-presenting cells nor affected by the nature of HLA-DR–associated peptides. However, SE9 activation by Ni crucially depends on Tyr29 in CDR1α, an N-nucleotide–encoded Tyr94 in CDR3α, and a conserved His81 in the HLA-DR β chain. These data indicate that labile, nonactivating complexes between the SE9 TCR and most HLA-DR/peptide conjugates might supply sterically optimized coordination sites for Ni ions, three of which were identified in this study. In such complexes Ni may effectively bridge the TCR α chain to His81 of most DR molecules. Thus, in analogy to superantigens, Ni may directly link TCR and MHC in a peptide-independent manner. However, unlike superantigens, Ni requires idiotypic, i.e., CDR3α-determined TCR amino acids. This new type of TCR–MHC linkage might explain the high frequency of Ni-reactive T cells in the human population.
Increased Risk of Cancer Other Than Melanoma in CDKN2A Founder Mutation (p16-Leiden)-Positive Melanoma Families
Authors: Femke A. de Snoo, D. Timothy Bishop, Wilma Bergman, Inge van Leeuwen, Clasine van der Drift, Frans A. van Nieuwpoort, Coby J. Out-Luiting, Hans F. Vasen, Jeanet A.C. ter Huurne, Rune R. Frants, Rein Willemze, Martijn H. Breuning, Nelleke A. Gruis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: We report the largest study to date analyzing the risk of cancers other than melanoma in melanoma families positive for the same CDKN2A mutation. Experimental Design: We studied family members of 22 families positive for the p16-Leiden founder mutation who had attended a surveillance clinic or were their close relatives. Within this cohort, observed and expected rates of cancer were computed by mutation status consisting of 221 (proven plus obligate) carriers, 639 (proven plus obligate) noncarriers, and 668 first-degree relatives whose carrier risk was estimated from the relationship to known carriers and the age and melanoma status of that person and their relatives. Results: Our analysis shows a relative risk (RR) of cancer other than melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer of 4.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.3-5.6], predominantly attributable to the increased risk for pancreatic cancer (RR, 46.6; 95% CI, 24.7-76.4), but also for other cancers. We provide substantial proof for pancreatic cancer being a key component of the p16-Leiden phenotype. Inclusion of this cancer in a penetrance analysis leads to an estimated RR of pancreatic cancer for mutation carriers of 47.8 (95% CI, 28.4-74.7). Conclusions: This study shows clear evidence of increased risk of cancers other than melanoma in CDKN2A families carrying the p16-Leiden mutation. Further research is necessary to determine if similar risks apply to families with CDKN2A mutations other than p16-Leiden.
DeJong's The Neurologic Examination
Authors: Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>DeJong's The Neurologic Examination</i>is the fifth edition of a classic neurologic didactic text. The late Dr Russell DeJong, one of the pioneers of modern American neurology, a founder of the American Academy of Neurology, and the first editor of the journal<i>Neurology</i>, wrote the first edition more than 30 years ago. The original text was designed to follow the lectures on the neurological examination given to junior and senior medical students at the University of Michigan. With time and subsequent editions, the book grew and grew. Armin Haerer, a very experienced and able academic neurologist, has assumed responsibility for producing the current fifth edition, which now has over 800 pages of text. The book is quite large and heavy and would take considerable time to read thoroughly, much more than is now allotted for medical student courses in physical examination and even clinical neurology. Although DeJong conceived of the
Involvement of Human Histamine N-methyltransferase Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Atopic Dermatitis in Korean Children
Authors: H.S. Lee, S.H. Kim, K.W. Kim, H.B. Park, Y.H. Kim, H.M. Jee, H.S. Park, M.H. Sohn, K.E. Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
958. Biomarker Studies of Interferon-Beta in Mice Following Gene Based Delivery
Authors: Harald Petry, Linda Cashion, Oliver Ast, Ann Orme, Paul Szymanski, Cynthia Gross, Terry Hermiston, Maxine Bauzon, Peiyin Wang, Alan Brooks, Perry Liu, Hu Sheng Qian, Jude R. Samulski, Gabor M. Rubanyi, Richard N. Harkins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Interferon beta (IFN-) has been shown to be an effective drug for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However dose-dependent side effects from administration of IFN- protein have limited its therapeutic efficacy and clinical utility. IFN- gene therapy offers an alternative approach to overcome these obstacles, and it would be advantageous over bolus delivery of protein. A critical issue in developing such a new approach is in vivo detection of biologically active IFN- in pre-clinical animal models. Several biomarkers have been established in humans undergoing IFN- therapy, including MxA (myxovirus resistant protein) an antiviral protein induced by IFN-. The goal of the present study was to establish and validate a quantitative PCR-based assay to measure RNA expression of Mx1, the murine homologue of human MxA, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of mice following IFN- protein administration or gene-based delivery. In parallel it was investigated whether IP10, which was recently reported to be up-regulated following IFN- treatment in MS patients, could also be used as biomarker in mice. IP-10 has the advantage that it can be assayed directly by ELISA in plasma samples.
Précis of<i>The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system</i>
Authors: Jeffrey A. Gray
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1982)

Abstract A model of the neuropsychology of anxiety is proposed. The model is based in the first instance upon an analysis of the behavioural effects of the antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol) in animals. From such psychopharmacologi-cal experiments the concept of a “behavioural inhibition system” (BIS) has been developed. This system responds to novel stimuli or to those associated with punishment or nonreward by inhibiting ongoing behaviour and increasing arousal and attention to the environment. It is activity in the BIS that constitutes anxiety and that is reduced by antianxiety drugs. The effects of the antianxiety drugs in the brain also suggest hypotheses concerning the neural substrate of anxiety. Although the benzodiazepines and barbiturates facilitate the effects of γ-aminobutyrate, this is insufficient to explain their highly specific behavioural effects. Because of similarities between the behavioural effects of certain lesions and those of the antianxiety drugs, it is proposed that these drugs reduce anxiety by impairing the functioning of a widespread neural system including the septo-hippocampal system (SHS), the Papez circuit, the prefrontal cortex, and ascending monoaminergic and cholinergic pathways which innervate these forebrain structures. Analysis of the functions of this system (based on anatomical, physiological, and behavioural data) suggests that it acts as a comparator: it compares predicted to actual sensory events and activates the outputs of the BIS when there is a mismatch or when the predicted event is aversive. Suggestions are made as to the functions of particular pathways within this overall brain system. The resulting theory is applied to the symptoms and treatment of anxiety in man, its relations to depression, and the personality of individuals who are susceptible to anxiety or depression.