tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Eczema provoked by methyl dopa
Authors: RONALD CHURCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Sixteen patients are described in whom seborrhoeic or nummular eczema erupted while they were taking methyl dopa. The eruption only responded to treatment when the methyl dopa was stopped. In eight patients who had recovered, test doses of methyl dopa caused rapid recurrence of eczema. The mechanism is obscure but appears to be provocation of endogenous eczema rather than a true drug eruption.
Cefazolin vs Penicillin-Reply
Authors: Stephen G. Jenkinson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In Reply.—  With reference to Dr Plotkin's letter, we agree that our article does not support the conclusion that cefazolin is superior to penicillin G procaine in treating uncomplicated pneumococcal pneumonia. The authors did not mean to imply that cefazolin is an appropriate single agent for the treatment of Gramnegative pneumonias, but merely that if a patient has clinical pneumococcal pneumonia and no organisms seen on Gram's stain of sputum, cefazolin would offer a broader spectrum of coverage than penicillin alone. The elevation of BUN referred to in the article by Gold et al1was found in only three patients out of 1,006 and was not associated with any clinical sequelae (personal communication). Cefazolin is an effective agent in treating pneumococcal pneumonia and can be particularly useful in treating patients with a history of penicillin allergy other than the immediate type I hypersensitivity reaction. This represents a significant group
Prevention and Treatment of Mental Retardation
Authors: Norman Tiber
Journal: JAMA (1967)

After many years of neglect, we have started to invest our resources in the prevention and treatment of mental retardation. This has resulted in the rapid development of clinical programs which are built on foundations of fact and fiction. Some specialists in mental retardation still continue to play the role of "expert." Others are aware of our lack of knowledge and the need to reexamine a variety of clinical issues concerning the retarded. It is to the latter population that Dr. Philips' book is directed. The text consists of a series of readings, many of them papers presented at a symposium held in San Francisco, in November 1964. Additional material has been added in order to provide a multidisciplinary view of the clinical problems we face in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of the retarded. The authors included in the volume represent subspecialties in the fields of biology, chemistry,
BMA threatens to withdraw its support for revalidation
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The BMA has called on the General Medical Council to delay introducing its revalidation proposals until certain practical problems have been addressed.

The council is due to finalise its proposals in the near future, but the BMA council's chairman, Dr Ian Bogle, has asked the GMC's president, Sir Donald Irvine, to postpone any decision.

In a …
Volleyball injuries presenting in casualty: a prospective study.
Authors: L Solgård, A B Nielsen, B Møller-Madsen, B W Jacobsen, J Yde, J Jensen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

During 1986, all sports injuries (n = 5222) were prospectively recorded at the two casualty departments in Arhus, Denmark. Volleyball injuries (n = 278) accounted for 5.3% of all sports injuries. An evaluation of the rehabilitation period and the consequences of the injuries was undertaken by questionnaire three years after the injury. The injury incidence was 1.9 injuries/1000 inhabitants/year. Hand, finger, and ankle sprains were the most frequent injuries. Female players had significantly more hand/finger injuries than male players, who incurred more ankle/foot injuries. Knee (6%) and ankle injuries (31%) were responsible for the longest duration of absence from sports participation. There were relatively few chronic injuries. The study suggests the need to enhance prophylactic measures with regard to blocking and overhand pass techniques, in order to reduce the number and extent of ankle and hand/finger injuries.
Taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer
Authors: Gordon Stirrat
Journal: BMJ (2005)

a banner headline on the front page of a popular tabloid newspaper read: "Cancer danger of folic acid" on the basis of a paper by Charles et al on taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. 1 2 Although coverage in the broadsheets was more balanced, the overall message would inevitably cause concern to women taking folate to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defect in a desired pregnancy.Despite the likelihood that the most likely explanation for the reported association is chance, as reported in the commentary to the paper, 2 numerous susceptible women will probably not take folate, and some of these may conceive fetuses with neural tube defects.In addition, what company or government will take responsibility for fortification of wheat and corn flour with folate, now that this question has been raised?The authors themselves point out that the numbers are small and the confidence intervals large.The risk was also associated with a much larger dose of folate than is routinely used to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.Those who write such papers and those who publish them cannot disclaim ethical responsibility for how the data are interpreted and must consider more carefully their ethical responsibilities in such situations.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH A SPIRAL ORGANISM FOUND IN A WILD RAT AND IDENTICAL WITH THE ORGANISM CAUSING RAT-BITE FEVER
Authors: H. Mooser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

1. The spiral organism isolated from a wild rat has proved identical with that from a human case of rat-bite fever in Mexico City. 2. Rabbits can easily be infected with these organisms. 3. The subcutaneous inoculation of them is followed after 3 to 5 days by a local edema, induration, and inflammation: primary lesion. 4. About 8 days after the appearance of the primary lesion, edematous swellings and inflammation appear on the head and genitals: secondary lesions. 5. The organism can be transmitted from rabbit to rabbit by coitus. 6. Protective antibodies are to be found in the blood of infected rabbits at a time when the local lesions are still active. The peculiar character of certain of the lesions is probably due to the escape of the antibodies from the blood stream. 7. The organism belongs to the genus Treponema.
Perinatal and multigenerational effect of carcinogens: possible contribution to determination of cancer susceptibility.
Authors: H Yamasaki, A Loktionov, L Tomatis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Perinatal exposure to carcinogens may contribute to the determination of susceptibility to cancer in two situations: a) exposure in utero of embryonal or fetal somatic cells to carcinogens, and b) prezygotic exposure of the germ cells of one or both parents to carcinogens. Epidemiological as well as experimental studies demonstrate that exposure to carcinogens in utero increases the occurrence of cancer postnatally. Studies with experimental animals suggest that prezygotic exposure of germ cells to carcinogens can result in an increased incidence of cancer not only in immediate but also in subsequent generations. Although several studies suggest a transgeneration effect of carcinogens in human populations, the evidence cannot yet be considered conclusive. In particular, while some hypotheses can be advanced, the mechanism(s) by which increased susceptibility or predisposition to cancer may be transmitted via the germ cells has not yet been clarified. In conjunction with exposure both in utero and prezygotically, it is important to consider postnatal exposure to possible tumor-promoting agents. Results from experimental animals suggest that oncogenes can be activated transplacentally, and human studies indicate that tumor-suppressor gene inactivation may be involved in the transgenerational effect of carcinogens.
THE ETIOLOGY OF CERTAIN LESIONS AT THE HIP-JOINT
Authors: W. R. Thrower
Journal: BMJ (1930)

Jo~~~iint to a, complete derangement, wiitli the head of theo AT THE HIP-JOINT.~~~~femiiit' lyinig anywhere.fromi the dorsumii il'i to the obturator fora men.The mi-ost common place Isstaedo h BY dorsumn i1ii above thte aceitabulumi, wh-lere it is pr-obably W. R. THROWERl, MB,BSLN. . .driven by the w,eighit of the body fallinig oni an already WEYMOUTHE.dislocated joinit; that the capsule stretches wvith the excur- I PROPOSE to correlate somie relcent re-searches inl thle ' oth bneiwat oud eexcedfmte anatoy ofthe artsaboutthe ip-jint,withi special developmnental evidence already.coisidlered, thle capsule( indicatehe prac-being-iiisencbhvmnal in.or-igin anld reallyA part of thle limil) r-eferencee to their emlbryvology, anid to idct h rc bid."-tical application of this bv illu-stratlive p)athological conl- Itiuneesrto nu raetecrdalymos ditions,.In a paper suchi as thils it is imipossible to dealansin 'tith all the various possible lesions, buit I will mention ofti-oniin hems atsatr dansi few of the more important ~~information being-, that obtain-ed bv y -ray Poorps a fw o th mre mpo-taitfromi the standpoinit of how Befomre pass~ing to thie rationale of hl)hOn smtographs.pthiev occur, giving an ouitlinie of the niecessar-y treatment; ingnrl oee,ant Ip-on svpoatlg ill eneal,howver a oteabout treatmlemit mnay b)e Per- this is better, than takinig a list of diseases anid discussing miitted.The earlier, the coniditioni is diagno.-,edthie more them seriatimi.IsUccessful is thie treatment.This is niow being pracLicallyThe first sign of the ltimbs in the dev-elopin-g foetuis is standardized as reduction of the dislocation by mianipulasceen at the third week, wheni the four limib buds ap.pear; inadfxto ftm ib ul lxdadeetdi Mu thie lower extr-emities the bud consists of ten lateral a plaster-case; fromi this pos.~ition' the limib is gradpmally
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: a retrospective analysis of 12 patients evaluated in four tertiary hospitals in Spain
Authors: P. Iranzo, J.E. Herrero‐González, J.M. Mascaró‐Galy, R. Suárez‐Fernández, A. España
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an exceedingly rare subepidermal blistering disease caused by antibodies against type VII collagen. Studies summarizing the clinical and immunological features of this disease in large series of patients are scarce.To analyse the clinical and immunopathological characteristics, treatment responses and outcomes of 12 patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita from four tertiary hospitals in Spain.An extensive retrospective review of clinical charts.The mean age of onset was 48 years and the mean delay to diagnosis was 20·75 months. The classical phenotype occurred in 42% of cases, inflammatory in 42% and mixed in 17%. Mucosal involvement was present in 75%. Linear IgG deposition along the basement membrane zone was consistently present on direct immunofluorescence examination. Indirect immunofluorescence study was positive in 67% of the cases. Frequently associated diseases were neoplasms (25%), inflammatory bowel disease (25%), hepatitis C virus infection (17%) and thyroid dysfunction (17%). Therapeutic responses were variable.The prevalence of neoplasms was similar to that seen in inflammatory bowel disease. Multicentric prospective studies including larger numbers of patients are required for a better knowledge and management of this disease.
The Effect of Monochromatic Infrared Energy on Sensation in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Judy K. Clifft, Richard J. Kasser, Timothy S. Newton, Andrew J. Bush
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) on plantar sensation in subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 39 subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy completed the 8-week study. Subjects received 30 min of active or placebo MIRE three times a week for 4 weeks. Plantar sensation was tested with monofilaments at the beginning of the study (M1), following 4 weeks of treatment (M2), and after an additional 4 weeks of nontreatment (M3). The number of sites that could sense the 5.07 monofilament was totaled at M1, M2, and M3. Data were analyzed using a special repeated-measures statistic followed by a post hoc Tukey-Kramer test. RESULTS—The average number of sites that patients could sense the 5.07 monofilament increased for both the active and placebo groups. There were significant gains from M1 to M2 (P &amp;lt; 0.002), no significant gains from M2 to M3 (P = 0.234), and significant gains from M1 to M3 (P &amp;lt; 0.002) for both the active and placebo groups. There were no significant differences between active and placebo groups at any measurement. CONCLUSIONS—Thirty minutes of active MIRE applied 3 days per week for 4 weeks was no more effective than placebo MIRE in increasing sensation in subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Clinicians should be aware that MIRE may not be an effective modality for improving sensory impairments in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Neutrophil sequestration in lungs removed at surgery. The effect of microscopic emphysema.
Authors: C Selby, E Drost, M Gillooly, E Cameron, D Lamb, W MacNee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Neutrophils within the lungs are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. We have studied the intravascular distribution of reinjected autologous 111In-labeled neutrophils in lung specimens resected 10 min after reinjection from 10 patients undergoing surgery for peripheral bronchogenic tumors. An excess of neutrophils relative to that expected for the 99mTc-labeled erythrocyte blood volume was confirmed in all specimens (range, 3- to 136-fold). In seven specimens which were completely examined, this excess displayed a skewed distribution, with a median neutrophil sequestration of 20-fold excess, and correlated with local blood volume (r = -0.51; p < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation between alveolar wall surface area per unit volume of lung (AWUV) and neutrophil excess, when randomly selected tissue blocks from each specimen were analyzed (r = 0.34, n = 51, p = 0.012). This same trend was demonstrated when whole specimen median values were considered (r = 0.64, n = 7, p = 0.07). Thus in areas of the lungs with lower AWUV values (increasing microscopic emphysema), fewer neutrophils were present. These studies add further support to the view that emphysema per se is not associated with an increased sequestration of pulmonary intravascular neutrophils.
Complications of Trauma
Authors: G. Edward Braunschneider
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This is indeed a very remarkable book—over 600 pages, packed with solid information for use in the prehospital, surgical, and postoperative phases of trauma care. It is written in an easy-to-read style but with careful attention to detail. It is authoritative, as Dr Mattox has assembled a faculty of nearly 80 contributing authors. Apparently nearly all are actively engaged in trauma care. The illustrations are plentiful and well chosen and add much clarity to the written page. Leading off with "The Big Five Complications"—hemorrhage, respiratory failure, renal failure, sepsis, and multiorgan failure—the text then proceeds to more specific complications by anatomic region and organ system. Many points and procedures are amplified by comments on the basic science principles involved. Brief references to the recent historical aspects of trauma care enliven the discussions and remind us how far we have come in the last several decades. The reader is cautioned against
CD8 T Cell-Specific Downregulation of Histone Hyperacetylation and Gene Activation of the IL-4 Gene Locus by ROG, Repressor of GATA
Authors: Miyuki Omori, Masakatsu Yamashita, Masamichi Inami, Maki Ukai-Tadenuma, Motoko Kimura, Yukiko Nigo, Hiroyuki Hosokawa, Akihiro Hasegawa, Masaru Taniguchi, Toshinori Nakayama
Journal: Immunity (2003)
OPA1 Mutations Associated with Dominant Optic Atrophy Influence Optic Nerve Head Size
Authors: Piero Barboni, Michele Carbonelli, Giacomo Savini, Beatrice Foscarini, Vincenzo Parisi, Maria L. Valentino, Arturo Carta, Annamaria De Negri, Federico Sadun, Massimo Zeviani, Alfredo A. Sadun, Simone Schimpf, Bernd Wissinger, Valerio Carelli
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Visualisation of hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T cells using peptide-MHC tetramers: Variations in the viral epitope and relationship with the viral load
Authors: F.X. Lópex-Labrador, X.-S. He, M. Berenguer, Y. Lu, J. Boisvert, R. Cheung, B. Rehermann, M.M. Davis, T. Wright, H.B. Greenberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Words in "In A Word"—Reply
Authors: W. Clay Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Electrospun PGS:PCL Microfibers Align Human Valvular Interstitial Cells and Provide Tunable Scaffold Anisotropy
Authors: Nafiseh Masoumi, Benjamin L. Larson, Nasim Annabi, Mahshid Kharaziha, Behnam Zamanian, Kayle S. Shapero, Alexander T. Cubberley, Gulden Camci‐Unal, Keefe. B. Manning, John E. Mayer, Ali Khademhosseini
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) can be useful in the repair of congenital or acquired valvular diseases due to their potential for growth and remodeling. The development of biomimetic scaffolds is a major challenge in heart valve tissue engineering. One of the most important structural characteristics of mature heart valve leaflets is their intrinsic anisotropy, which is derived from the microstructure of aligned collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, a directional electrospinning technique is used to fabricate fibrous poly(glycerol sebacate):poly(caprolactone) (PGS:PCL) scaffolds containing aligned fibers, which resemble native heart valve leaflet ECM networks. In addition, the anisotropic mechanical characteristics of fabricated scaffolds are tuned by changing the ratio of PGS:PCL to mimic the native heart valve's mechanical properties. Primary human valvular interstitial cells (VICs) attach and align along the anisotropic axes of all PGS:PCL scaffolds with various mechanical properties. The cells are also biochemically active in producing heart‐valve‐associated collagen, vimentin, and smooth muscle actin as determined by gene expression. The fibrous PGS:PCL scaffolds seeded with human VICs mimick the structure and mechanical properties of native valve leaflet tissues and would potentially be suitable for the replacement of heart valves in diverse patient populations.
Patterns of Circulatory Response to the Use of Respirators
Authors: GEORGE H. A. CLOWES, WILLIAM A. COOK, VESELIN VUJOVIC, MISA ALBRECHT
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Serial determinations of the cardiac output, blood gas, and electrolyte values have revealed three basic patterns of circulatory response in 42 patients whose respiratory tidal gas exchange was assumed by a volume displacement respirator for periods up to 12 days: 1. In 15 patients with severe chest and pulmonary injuries, the cardiac indices increased from very low levels (average 1.7±0.3 L/m 2 /min) to 2.8±0.7 L/m 2 /min as profound hypoxia and acidosis were corrected. 2. Eight patients with severe bronchial obstruction or respiratory insufficiency (emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by pneumonitis) responded by a decrease of the cardiac output from an average of 3.3 L/m 2 /min to 2.4±0.7 L/m 2 /min. Usually, in a state of combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis (pCO 2 81 mm Hg, pO 2 47 mm Hg), these patients became alkalotic as the arterial pCO 2 approached 40 mm Hg. 3. Nine patients with low cardiac outputs (average 1.4±0.4 L/m 2 /min) following cardiac operations were markedly improved by use of a respirator. Although there was little change in the cardiac output (average 1.4±0.3 L/m 2 /min) for one or two days, metabolic acidosis was dramatically reduced (–7.4 to –1.3 mEq/L). A circulatory output previously inadequate for body perfusion became adequate when the work of respiration was removed. Ten patients with combined respiratory and cardiac dysfunction exhibited mixed circulatory reactions to the use of a respirator. From these data, it is concluded that mechanical ventilation can improve an abnormal metabolic status due to cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction by increasing blood gas exchange. When a normal cardiovascular system is present and capable of responding, cardiac output rises to a value sufficient to satisfy the total body requirements for circulation. By decreasing the perfusion requirements of the respiratory muscles, the total demand for circulation is reduced, and perfusion to other parts of the body is improved in patients incapable of elevating the cardiac output.
Elective Single-Embryo Transfer versus Double-Embryo Transfer in in Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Ann Thurin, Jon Hausken, Torbjörn Hillensjö, Barbara Jablonowska, Anja Pinborg, Annika Strandell, Christina Bergh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The risks of premature birth and perinatal death are increased after in vitro fertilization. These risks are mainly due to the high incidence of multiple births, which relates to the number of embryos transferred.We performed a randomized, multicenter trial to assess the equivalence of two approaches to in vitro fertilization with respect to the rates of pregnancy that result in at least one live birth and to compare associated rates of multiple gestation. Women less than 36 years of age who had at least two good-quality embryos were randomly assigned either to undergo transfer of a single fresh embryo and, if there was no live birth, subsequent transfer of a single frozen-and-thawed embryo, or to undergo a single transfer of two fresh embryos. Equivalence was defined as a difference of no more than 10 percentage points in the rates of pregnancy resulting in at least one live birth.Pregnancy resulting in at least one live birth occurred in 142 of 331 women (42.9 percent) in the double-embryo-transfer group as compared with 128 of 330 women (38.8 percent) in the single-embryo-transfer group (difference, 4.1 percentage points; 95 percent confidence interval, -3.4 to 11.6 percentage points); rates of multiple births were 33.1 percent and 0.8 percent, respectively (P<0.001). These results do not demonstrate equivalence of the two approaches in rates of live births, but they do indicate that any reduction in the rate of live births with the transfer of single embryos is unlikely to exceed 11.6 percentage points.In women under 36 years of age, transferring one fresh embryo and then, if needed, one frozen-and-thawed embryo dramatically reduces the rate of multiple births while achieving a rate of live births that is not substantially lower than the rate that is achievable with a double-embryo transfer.