tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2271: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in <i>p53</i> codon 72 is associated with grade III tumors in African Americans with breast carcinoma
Authors: Chandrakumar Shanmugam, Chura Salih, Venkat R. Katkoori, Liselle L. Bovell, Tom Callens, Ludwine M. Messiaen, Omar Hameed, William E. Grizzle, Upender Manne
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Breast carcinomas (BCs) are more aggressive in African Americans (AAs) than in non-Hispanic Caucasian Americans (NHCAs); the reasons for this difference have not been fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at codon 72 of the p53 gene are significantly associated with a worse outcome in AAs with colorectal carcinomas. Therefore, we determined the prevalence of such SNPs in BCs and its possible association with adverse clinical or pathological features of BCs in AAs as well as NHCAs. Methods: To determine the phenotypic status at codon 72, DNA samples, extracted from 137 BCs and their matching benign tissues (from 47 AAs and 90 NHCAs), were analyzed for genotypes by direct sequencing of exon 4. Also, these samples were evaluated for microsatellite (MS) instability by use of the ABI 3100 system. The results obtained were correlated with the demographic and clinicopathological features of the BCs. Results: Overall, SNPs leading to either Arg/Pro or Pro/Pro at codon 72 were observed in 102 of 137 (74%) BCs, with a slightly higher prevalence in AAs compared to NHCAs (39 of 47; 83% vs. 63 of 90; 70%). The most frequent phenotype was Arg/Pro (84 of 137; 61%), followed by Arg/Arg (35 of 137; 26%) and Pro/Pro (18 of 137; 13%). The prevalence of the homozygous Pro/Pro phenotype, known to be associated with aggressive tumor behavior, was higher in AAs compared to NHCAs (19% vs. 10%). BCs with Pro/Pro or Arg/Pro SNPs were significantly more prevalent in grade III tumors (84%) than in grade I and II tumors (60%) (P=0.005); specifically, this distribution was highly significant in AAs (100% vs. 53%; χ2P=0.0001) as compared to NHCAs (72% vs. 62%; χ2P=0.451). Also, in AAs, BCs with the Pro/Pro phenotype were more frequently associated with MS stable status compared to the other phenotypes (63% vs. 18%; χ2P=0.011). Furthermore, Pro/Pro phenotype was associated with a shorter median survival in AAs (39.9 months) compared to NHCAs (112.2 months). Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that SNPs at codon 72 of p53 gene are associated with aggressive tumor behavior in AAs. Additionally, the Pro/Pro phenotype is associated with MS stable disease and with a shorter median survival in AAs but not in NHCAs. These studies were supported by the UAB-SPORE grant (a pilot study and a supplement) from NCI/NIH (5P50CA089019) and by the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation (POP0601383). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2271. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2271
FRACTURE OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL, WITH LOSS OF BRAIN SUBSTANCE, FOLLOWED BY RECOVERY
Authors: George H. Hyslop
Journal: JAMA (1922)

While loss of brain substance is relatively common in fractures of the vault of the skull, its occurrence is quite rare with basal fractures. Rawling<sup>1</sup>observed two cases of such nature. One patient, with escape of brain substance from the right nostril, died a few hours after the injury. The second case was thus described by Rawling:<sup>2</sup> "A lad, 11 years of age, fell some distance out of a window on to his head. He was admitted under the care of my colleague, Mr. Lockwood. On admission he was unconscious, and was bleeding freely from the right ear and nose. Shortly afterward it was noticed that brain matter was issuing from the right external auditory meatus, sufficient brain matter being obtained to fill a teaspoon. The extensive nature of the brain injury was confirmed by the fact that the left arm and leg were paralyzed for some days.
Trichinosis Masquerading as a Penicillin Allergy
Authors: Philip Altus
Journal: JAMA (1980)

TRICHINOSIS is a parasitic infection most frequently involving striated muscle. Inadequately cooked pork is the most common source of acquisition, although wild animal flesh has been implicated in several cases.<sup>1</sup>Adulteration of "safe" meats with pork by common utensils or meat grinders contributes to the prevalence of the infection. The incidence of this disease has been gradually declining, and it is presently very infrequently encountered in this country. As a result, many physicians may not be aware of the diagnosis until late in the course of the disease. In 1976, there were 96 cases reported to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), only one of which occurred in Florida.<sup>2</sup>We describe here a patient demonstrating vague symptoms and laboratory data that could have been misleading. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old man came to the Tampa (Fla) General Hospital emergency room complaining of fever, chills, and myalgias. The
Studies of Hypertension and Carbohydrate Intolerance Associated with Wilms Tumor
Authors: GABRIEL SPERGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

An infant with a Wilms tumor and severe hypertension was studied to evaluate the concept that a humoral substance secreted by the tumor caused the hypertension. Abnormal glucose tolerance, hypokalemia, decreased insulin release, positive response to intravenously administered phentolamine, elevated plasma renin concentrations, normal urinary aldosterone, and increased vanillylmandelic acid levels were found. These abnormalities reverted towards normal postoperatively. Assays of the tumor did not reveal the enzymes necessary for catecholamine biosynthesis, but it was inferred that a catecholamine-like substance plays a role in the hypertension and carbohydrate abnormalities sometimes associated with Wilms tumors and that this tumor may belong in the group of nonendocrine neoplasms that can directly or indirectly cause clinically significant endocrine activity.
Evidence for increased expression of eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-4 in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Rame A. Taha, Eleanor M. Minshall, Donald Y.M. Leung, Mark Boguniewicz, Andrew Luster, Shigeo Muro, Masdo Toda, Qutayba A. Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Clinical pharmacokinetics: a comprehensive system for therapeutic drug monitoring and prescribing.
Authors: B Whiting, A W Kelman, S M Bryson, F H Derkx, A H Thomson, G H Fotheringham, S E Joel
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Clinical pharmacokinetics is an expanding scientific discipline which can make an impact on treatment in coronary care, intensive care, paediatrics, general medicine and surgery, and general practice. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid system of drug assay, to report the result, to assess the influence of pathological and clinical factors on the pharmacokinetics of certain drugs, and to use a computer to determine the optimum dosage of drugs. The clinical pharmacokinetics laboratory in Stobhill is available to all clinical departments and to general practitioners in the area. Digoxin, theophylline, and phenytoin have been assessed. Initial samples of these drugs showed that only about a third were in the therapeutic range; samples obtained after the issue of the laboratory report showed an improvement. The predictive performance of the computer program improved with feedback of one or two drug concentrations. Dosages of drugs chosen on an empirical basis may not lead to optimum treatment, and by testing samples early the dosage of the drug can be adjusted. It is hoped that the results achieved will encourage other clinical, pharmaceutical, and scientific colleagues to develop laboratories along similar lines.
Report recommends tighter legislation and better road design to reduce traffic injuries and deaths
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Better legislation and its enforcement are needed to reduce the number of deaths and injuries associated with road traffic crashes in young people throughout Europe, a report published by the World Health Organization warns this week.⇓





Almost 32 000 people younger than 25 years in the WHO European region die after injuries caused by road traffic every year, making it the third leading cause of death in this age group. About half of the children younger than 15 years old who are killed die as pedestrians, whereas people aged 15-24 years are most likely to die while driving a car or motorcycle. Road traffic injuries are also a leading cause of attendance at hospital in these age groups.

The policy briefing says that children and young adults need special consideration because they may not have the necessary skills and experience to handle road environments that …
The hot air on passive smoking
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

News p 881

“The truth is rarely pure, and never simple,” railed the editorial writer from the Sunday Telegraph on 8 March, forgetting to acknowledge Oscar Wilde. Oh yes, they were on to a good one. The spin doctors down at British American Tobacco (BAT) had passed the newspaper an exclusive: “Passive smoking doesn't cause cancer—official.”

According to the piece, the World Health Organisation's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) had discovered that environmental tobacco smoke was just epidemiological hot air. But worse still, the infamous nanny factory, “whose institutional raison d'etre is to interfere as widely as possible in the day to day life of as many people as possible,” had been caught by BAT trying to withhold this embarrassing stuff from us all, slipping it discreetly into a few paragraphs in their biennial report. The Sunday Times picked up the story from an …
Bioethics Commission Examines Informed Consent From Subjects Who Are 'Decisionally Incapable'
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE NATIONAL Bioethics Advisory Commission has turned its attention from an administration-mandated consideration of cloning to one of the major issues it was created to examine—the further steps needed to better protect human subjects who participate in medical research.  The commission is addressing the issue of obtaining informed consent from decisionally incapable subjects, in the phrase used by the chair of its human subjects subcommittee, James F. Childress, PhD, Kyle Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville.  While federal regulations have been in force for a number of years to ensure that properly informed consent is obtained from human research subjects or their legally authorized surrogates, these regulations do not address the competence of research subjects to decide to participate in studies. Some research, especially in the area of neurobiology, involves subjects who may be cognitively impaired to some degree.  At the subcommittee's meeting in July, the
Forum calls for action on child health to tackle heart disease
Authors: R. Little
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Every child born today should be able to live to at least the age of 65 free of avoidable coronary heart disease, a report from the National Heart Forum has said.

The forum has launched a framework of recommendations, called Young @Heart, which focuses on reducing rates of early death from coronary heart disease by addressing the risk factors of poor nutrition, inactivity, and smoking among children and young people.

“There is a substantial body of evidence to suggest that to prevent coronary heart disease in the adult we must begin with the child” said Professor David Wood, vice chairman of the forum and professor of cardiovascular medicine at Charing Cross Hospital in London. …
FcγRIIB1 Inhibition of BCR-Mediated Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis and Ca2+ Mobilization Is Integrated by CD19 Dephosphorylation
Authors: Keli L Hippen, Anne Mette Buhl, Daniele D'Ambrosio, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Christoph Persin, John C Cambier
Journal: Immunity (1997)
ABSCESS OF LIVER: RECOVERY.
Authors: L. L. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1889)

glazed appearance has given way to a moist, juicy state of the surface ; irregular elevations are seen corresponding to the distended crypts.There may also be infiltration and oedema of the turbi- nated processes and septum, causing nasal occlu¬ sion, enlargement and tenderness of the anterior cervical and maxillary glands, uvula, palate and tonsils.The third stage is a continuation of the second, and is diagnosticated by a denudation or an ero¬ sion of the epithelial layer, leaving a raw surface, especially where there is much desquamation ; supplementing this is a muco-purulent or a puru¬ lent secretion.Should resolution take place, the inflammatory products are absorbed, the blood¬ vessels contract to their normal size, excessive se¬ cretion is arrested, and the mucous surface pre¬ sents its former healthy appearance.
Hemodialysis vascular access morbidity in the United States
Authors: Harold I. Feldman, Philip J. Held, John T. Hutchinson, Eva Stoiber, Marguerite F. Hartigan, Jesse A. Berlin
Journal: Kidney International (1993)

Extensive morbidity related to hemodialysis vascular access exists among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, but the risk factors for this morbidity have not been extensively studied. Medicare ESRD patient data were obtained from 1984, 1985, and 1986. Hospitalization for vascular access morbidity (ICD-996.1, 996.6, or 996.7) was analyzed among prevalent patients and, using survival analysis, among incident patients to assess sex, age, race, and underlying cause of renal failure as risk factors. We found that 15 to 16% of hospital stays among prevalent ESRD patients were associated with vascular access-related morbidity. Black race, older age, female sex, and diabetes mellitus as a cause of kidney failure were all independent risk factors for access-related morbidity. The rate ratio comparing Blacks to Whites was 1.12 (95% C.I., 1.09, 1.16); > 64 years to 20 to 44 years, 1.53 (1.46, 1.59); men to women, 0.81 (0.79, 0.84); and diabetes to glomerulonephritis, 1.29 (1.24, 1.35). We conclude that hemodialysis vascular access malfunction causes much hospitalization among ESRD patients. Women, Blacks, the elderly, and diabetics appear to be at particularly high risk, and additional studies are needed to understand these patterns.
Prognosis for infants born at 23 to 28 weeks' gestation.
Authors: C Skeoch, P Galea
Journal: BMJ (1987)

We are not told whether any weight change occurred with treatment of acromegaly during the study or whether the patients, particularly those said to have abnormal glucose tolerance at the outset, were advised to make any prudent dietary changes.No specific information is given on individual relationships between glucose tolerance and growth hormone values and it is not therefore clear whether these would be expected to vary inversely or directly with SMS 201-995 treatment.Does better growth hormone suppression imply better insulin suppression?This study addresses an important question in relation to a novel treatment which may find widespread clinical use in the management of acromegaly but does not present the information necessary to support the authors' favourable con- clusion.
A new way of looking at Manet: the revelations of radiography.
Authors: J Loveday
Journal: BMJ (1986)

One of the advantages of painting in oils is that the picture may be changed as work proceeds.Figures can be painted in or out, postures can be changed, and even the shape of the picture can be altered.The exhibition "The Hidden Face of Manet" (an investigation of the artist's working process), held at the Courtauld Institute added to change the shape.Some figures had been painted out and others added.For example, in the painting of Olympia, the cat on the end of the bed had obviously been added later.Similarly Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe, the painting that caused such a furore when first exhibited at the Salon des Refuses in 1863, underwent many changes during its execution.Originally, there was a wide open landscape instead of the trees on the left, and the clothes and food in the foreground of
CGRP-Receptor Antagonists — A Fresh Approach to Migraine Therapy?
Authors: Paul L. Durham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Migraine is a chronic disease that affects 12 percent of the general population. In addition to severe, debilitating headache, patients with migraines may experience nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine remains one of the most underdiagnosed and undertreated neurologic conditions and has substantial socioeconomic effects in developed countries. It is now considered to be a neurovascular disorder because its pathology involves important interactions between the cerebral nerves and blood vessels.Current theories propose that migraine-specific triggers promote primary brain dysfunction, which evokes changes in the dilation of meningeal blood vessels and the activation of perivascular trigeminal nerves. . . .
Familial Histiocytosis in Offspring of Two Pregnancies after Artificial Insemination
Authors: David N. Shapiro, Raymond J. Hutchinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

FAMILIAL erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare (but frequently fatal) disease of childhood that was described in 1952 by Farquhar and Claireaux.1 2 3 Its clinical features include recurrent fever, irritability, anorexia, vomiting, pallor, and hepatosplenomegaly. The patient's age at presentation is usually under two years, and most cases are diagnosed before the patients reach three months of age.4 A fatal outcome with progressive pancytopenia, liver dysfunction, and lymphocytic meningitis usually occurs within six months of presentation; the average survival is six weeks after diagnosis. We report the tragic occurrence of this disease in two siblings conceived through artificial insemination with sperm from . . .
Plasma Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Gustavo A. Heresi, Metin Aytekin, Jennie Newman, Joseph DiDonato, Raed A. Dweik
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) promotes healthy vascular function, and it is decreased in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance predisposes to pulmonary vascular disease.
High-Grade Dysplasia in Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in the Upper Esophagus after Radiotherapy: Successful Eradication 2 Years after Endoscopic Treatment by Argon Plasma Coagulation
Authors: G. Sauvé, A. Croué, B. Denez, J. Boyer
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

The incidence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper part of the esophagus has been estimated at between 0.1 % and 10 % [1]. Only nine cases of upper esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from ectopic gastric mucosa have been reported [2].
The cholesterol facts. A summary of the evidence relating dietary fats, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease. A joint statement by the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The Task Force on Cholesterol Issues, American Heart Association.
Authors: J C LaRosa, D Hunninghake, D Bush, M H Criqui, G S Getz, A M Gotto, S M Grundy, L Rakita, R M Robertson, M L Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1990)
Early epidermal response after a single dose of gamma-rays in organotypic culture of human breast skin
Authors: E. Donetti, M. Bedoni, E. Boschini, A.A.E. Bertelli, C. Sforza, N. Gagliano
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Skin reaction is the most common side-effect of radiation therapy. Radiation-induced dermal fibrosis has been characterized histologically, but little is known about the epidermis overlying fibronecrotic lesions.To characterize the epidermal response 24 h after a single clinically relevant dose of gamma-rays in cultured human breast skin.Biopsies obtained from cosmetic surgery (n = 7) were placed epidermis upwards in a Transwell system, and were exposed to a single dose of gamma-irradiation (2 Gy). A parallel set of nonirradiated skin fragments was incubated under the same conditions. Both irradiated and nonirradiated fragments were harvested 24 h after irradiation and processed for light microscopy and molecular biology analysis. A quantitative analysis of cell proliferation was performed after 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Cytokeratin 10 (CK10) and desmocollin 1 (Dsc1) expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Dsc1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 gene expression was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis.The mean percentage inhibition of epidermal proliferation in irradiated samples was 53.7% (P < 0.01, paired Student's t-test). The inhibition of cell proliferation was significant in five of seven samples (P < 0.05, unpaired Student's t-test). Normal cell architecture was found in irradiated samples. Throughout the epithelial compartment, the distribution patterns of CK10 and Dsc1 were comparable in nonirradiated and irradiated fragments. Condensation of CK10 filaments suggested a cytoskeletal rearrangement in irradiated samples. Dsc1 and TGF-beta1 mRNA levels were, respectively, reduced and unmodified 24 h after irradiation.A perturbation of epidermal homeostasis occurs as early as 24 h after a single dose of gamma-rays. Our immunofluorescence observations indicate that keratinocyte terminal differentiation is not yet affected at the protein level 24 h after exposure to gamma-rays. The lack of an inverse relationship between TGF-beta1 gene expression and epidermal proliferation, together with decreased Dsc1 gene expression, may represent the early molecular basis for the development of the late effects of radiotherapy observed many months/years after radiotherapy. Our findings set the stage for further investigation of the best time to begin topical treatment at the start of radiation therapy.