Rheumatoid arthritis, poverty and smoking
Authors: D HUTCHINSON
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

<h3>Background</h3> Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is a rare disease characterized by persistent urticarial lesions and hypocomplementemia associated with systemic features involving musculoskeletal, pulmonary, renal and gastrointestinal systems. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develops in &gt;50% of patients with HUVS, although the pathogenesis is unknown. <h3>Objectives</h3> We describe 6 paediatric patients with HUVS, three of whom carry a homozygous variant of <i>DNASE1L3</i> and present a peculiar clinical phenotype. <h3>Methods</h3> A Targeted Resequencing using a panel including genes already known to be mainly associated to Interferonopathies Lupus-like (<i>DNASE1</i>, <i>DNASE2</i>, <i>DNASE1L3</i>, <i>TREX1</i>) on the Illumina NextSeq® platform was performed. All variants identified were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and, when possible, family members were tested to study the segregation of identified variants. We applied in silico studies only to variants with an allelic frequency ≤1%. <h3>Results</h3> All patients described are Caucasian and 3 of them are female. Two patients presented at onset with extended cutaneous manifestation, joints and abdominal involvement with cholecystitis. They did not develop renal or pulmonary involvement. In contrast, the other four patients presented a more severe disease. All of them developed renal involvement (from microhaematuria up to nephrotic syndrome) with renal biopsy showing mesangial glomerulonephritis in three patients and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (ANCA negative) in one. Moreover, two of them developed also pulmonary vasculitis (Table 1). A homozygous <i>DNASE1L3</i> variant (c.290_291delCA) was identified in three of these patients. All of them were treated with glucocorticoid and dapsone at onset. Cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine were used in patients with renal involvement. None of them developed SLE. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HUVS is very rare disease in childhood. Approximately 50% of HUVS patients develop SLE. Genetic susceptibility to SLE is recognized and <i>DNASE1L3</i>-related SLE have been reported. Özçakar et al. have described 5 children from two families with HUVS who carry the same variant on <i>DNASE1L3</i> that we report here (1). Our patients confirm that variant in <i>DNASE1L3</i> can cause HUVS and support the hypothesis that this variant is responsible of a more severe phenotype with major organ involvement (renal and pulmonary). Patients with HUVS need to be followed very strictly for the risk to develop SLE. Presence of variant in <i>DNASE1L3</i> can identify patients with more severe disease and high risk to develop major organ involvement. These patients need more aggressive and possibly life-long immunosuppressive treatment. <h3>References</h3> [1] Ozçakar ZB, et al. DNASE1L3 Mutations in Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis Syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2013Aug;65(8):2183-9. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> Marco Ranalli: None declared, Chiara Passarelli: None declared, Virginia Messia: None declared, Manuela Pardeo: None declared, Emanuela Sacco: None declared, Antonella Insalaco: None declared, Marina Vivarelli: None declared, Fabrizio De Benedetti Grant/research support from: Abbvie, SOBI, Novimmune, Roche, Novartis, Sanofi, Pfizer, Claudia Bracaglia: None declared