tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An integrated physiological and performance profile of professional tennis
Authors: Daniel J Hornery, Damian Farrow, Iñigo Mujika, Warren Young
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

To describe the physiological responses to tournament tennis in relation to prevailing environmental conditions, match notation, and skills that underpin performance.14 male professional tennis players (mean (SD) age, 21.4 (2.6) years; height, 183.0 (6.9) cm; body mass, 79.2 (6.4) kg) were studied while contesting international tennis tournaments. Environmental conditions, match notation, physiological (core temperature, hydration status, heart rate, blood variables), and performance indices (serve kinematics, serve velocity, error rates) were recorded.Hard and clay court tournaments elicited similar peak core temperature (38.9 (0.3) v 38.5 (0.6) degrees C) and average heart rate (152 (15) v 146 (19) beats/min) but different body mass deficit (1.05 (0.49) v 0.32 (0.56)%, p<0.05). Average pre-match urine specific gravity was 1.022 (0.004). Time between points was longer during hard court matches (25.1 (4.3) v 17.2 (3.3) s, p<0.05). Qualitative analysis of first and second serves revealed inverse relations between the position of the tossing arm at ball release and the position of the ball toss and progressive match time (respectively, r = -0.74 and r = -0.73, p<0.05) and incurred body mass deficit (r = 0.73 and r = 0.73, p<0.05).Participants began matches in a poor state of hydration, and experienced moderate thermoregulatory strain and dehydration during competition. These adverse physiological conditions may compromise performance and influence notational analyses.
Inhibition of idiosyncratic reactions to aspirin in asthmatic patients by clemastine.
Authors: A Szczeklik, M Serwonska
Journal: Thorax (1979)

An H1-receptor blocking antihistamine, clemastine, taken before aspirin gave complete or partial protection against flushing, rhinorrhea, cough, and headache in ten asthmatic patients with idiosyncrasy to aspirin. In five of the ten patients aspirin-precipitated bronchoconstriction was also reduced or prevented after pretreatment with clemastine. Thus histamine appears to play a part in the production of most non-respiratory symptoms occurring after aspirin ingestion in intolerant patients with asthma. Bronchial reactions might depend partly on histamine and partly on the action of other spasmogens. It is suggested that inhibition of prostaglandins of the E series by aspirin-like drugs plays a crucial part in the release of histamine from tissue stores in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic patients. Clemastine might be of use in the treatment of acute reactions to aspirin.
Identification of the long non-coding RNA POU3F3 in plasma as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yu-Suo Tong, Xiao-Wei Wang, Xi-Lei Zhou, Zi-Hao Liu, Tong-Xin Yang, Wei-Hong Shi, Hai-Wei Xie, Jin Lv, Qing-Quan Wu, Xiu-Feng Cao
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Recent studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were present in the blood of cancer patients and have shown great potential as powerful and non-invasive tumor markers. However, little is known about the value of lncRNAs in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We hypothesized that ESCC-related lncRNAs might be released into the circulation during tumor initiation and could be utilized to detect and monitor ESCC. Ten lncRNAs (HOTAIR, AFAP1-AS1, POU3F3, HNF1A-AS1, 91H, PlncRNA1, SPRY4-IT1, ENST00000435885.1, XLOC_013104 and ENST00000547963.1) which previously found to be differently expressed in esophageal cancer were selected as candidate targets for subsequent circulating lncRNA assay. A four-stage exploratory study was conducted to test the hypothesis: (1) optimization of detected method to accurately and reproducibly measure ESCC-related lncRNAs in plasma and serum; (2) evaluation of the stability of circulating lncRNAs in human plasma or serum; (3) exploration the origin of ESCC-related lncRNAs in vitro and in vivo; (4) evaluation the diagnostic power of circulating lncRNAs for ESCC. ESCC-related lncRNAs were detectable and stable in plasma of cancer patients, and derived largely from ESCC tumor cells. Furthermore, plasma levels of POU3F3, HNF1A-AS1 and SPRY4-IT1 were significantly higher in ESCC patients compared with normal controls. By receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, among the three lncRNAs investigated, plasma POU3F3 provided the highest diagnostic performance for detection of ESCC (the area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.842; p < 0.001; sensitivity, 72.8%; specificity, 89.4%). Moreover, use of POU3F3 and SCCA in combination could provide a more effective diagnosis performance (AUC, 0.926, p < 0.001, sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 81.4%). Most importantly, this combination was effective to detect ESCC at an early stage (80.8%). Plasma POU3F3 could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of ESCC, and the combination of POU3F3 and SCCA was more efficient for ESCC detection, in particular for early tumor screening.
Differences in A1C by Race and Ethnicity Among Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: William H. Herman, Yong Ma, Gabriel Uwaifo, Steven Haffner, Steven E. Kahn, Edward S. Horton, John M. Lachin, Maria G. Montez, Tina Brenneman, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—We sought to examine racial and ethnic differences in A1C in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We studied 3,819 individuals aged ≥25 years with IGT who were found to be eligible to participant in the Diabetes Prevention Program. A1C was compared among five racial and ethnic groups before and after adjustment for factors that differed among groups or might affect glycemia including age, sex, education, marital status, blood pressure, adiposity (BMI and waist circumference), hematocrit, fasting and post–glucose load glucose levels, glucose area under the curve (AUC), β-cell function, and insulin resistance. RESULTS—Mean ± SD A1C was 5.91 ± 0.50%. Among whites, A1C was 5.80 ± 0.44%, among Hispanics 5.89 ± 0.46%, among Asian 5.96 ± 0.45%, among American Indians 5.96 ± 0.46%, and among blacks 6.19 ± 0.59%. Age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, fasting glucose, glucose AUC, corrected insulin response, and insulin resistance were each independent predictors of A1C. Adjusting for these and other factors, mean A1C levels were 5.78% for whites, 5.93% for Hispanics, 6.00% for Asians, 6.12% for American Indians, and 6.18% for blacks (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS— A1C levels are higher among U.S. racial and ethnic minority groups with IGT after adjustment for factors likely to affect glycemia. Among patients with IGT, A1C may not be valid for assessing and comparing glycemic control across racial and ethnic groups or as an indicator of health care disparities.
Bridging the gap between intuitive and formal number concepts: An epidemiological perspective
Authors: Helen De Cruz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The failure of current bootstrapping accounts to explain the emergence of the concept of natural numbers does not entail that no link exists between intuitive and formal number concepts. The epidemiology of representations allows us to explain similarities between intuitive and formal number concepts without requiring that the latter are directly constructed from the former.
Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction Case Fatality and Stroke Case Fatality in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Richard J. Stevens, Ruth L. Coleman, Amanda I. Adler, Irene M. Stratton, David R. Matthews, Rury R. Holman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Patients with diabetes have a higher case fatality rate in myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke than those without diabetes: that is, MI and stroke are more often fatal if diabetes is present. We investigated whether the risk of MI or stroke being fatal in type 2 diabetes can be estimated using information available around the time diabetes is diagnosed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Analyses were based on 674 cases of MI (351 fatal) that occurred in 597 of 5,102 U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) patients for whom covariate data were available during a median follow-up of 7 years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine differences in risk factors, measured within 2 years of diagnosis of diabetes, between fatal and nonfatal MI. Similar analyses were performed for 234 strokes (48 fatal) that occurred in 199 patients. RESULTS—Patients with fatal MI had higher HbA1c than those with nonfatal MI (odds ratio 1.17 per 1% HbA1c, P = 0.014). Patients with fatal stroke had higher HbA1c than those with nonfatal stroke (odds ratio 1.37 per 1% HbA1c, P = 0.007). Other risk factors for MI case fatality included increased age, blood pressure, and urine albumin level. CONCLUSIONS—The risk of MI or stroke being fatal in type 2 diabetes is associated with risk factors, including HbA1c, measured many years before onset of MI or stroke. Equations have been added to the UKPDS Risk Engine to estimate likely case fatality rates in MI and stroke.
Oxygen Gas–Filled Microparticles Provide Intravenous Oxygen Delivery
Authors: John N. Kheir, Laurie A. Scharp, Mark A. Borden, Edward J. Swanson, Andrew Loxley, James H. Reese, Katherine J. Black, Luis A. Velazquez, Lindsay M. Thomson, Brian K. Walsh, Kathryn E. Mullen, Dionne A. Graham, Michael W. Lawlor, Carlo Brugnara, David C. Bell, Francis X. McGowan
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

A foam suspension containing oxygen gas–filled microparticles can deliver life-sustaining oxygen during a 15-min period of complete asphyxia.
SWINE INFLUENZA
Authors: Paul A. Lewis, Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. A hemophilic bacillus has been regularly obtained in culture from the respiratory tract of a series of swine experimentally infected with swine influenza and from a small number of spontaneous field cases of the disease. It has not been observed in respiratory tract cultures from a group of swine free from influenza. 2. The cultural and morphological characters of the organism have been described and the name Hemophilus influenzas (variety suis) suggested. The organism exhibits marked serological diversity, since only two out of eight strains studied were serologically identical. It is usually non-pathogenic for rabbits and white rats, and irregularly pathogenic for white mice. One strain of the organism was pathogenic for guinea pigs while two others were not. 3. Eleven out of thirteen attempts to induce symptoms of disease in swine by intranasal inoculation with pure cultures of H. influenzae suis were entirely negative. The remaining two attempts which suggested a positive result have been discussed. 4. Attention has been called to the marked similarity which exists between non-indol-producing strains of H. influenzae and H. influenzae suis.
Concanavalin A-mediated activation of antigen-primed lymphocytes into secondary cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Authors: B Bonavida
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

A secondary specific cytotoxic response is obtained when lymphocytes primed in vivo to a tumor allograft are exposed to Con A in culture. The secondary cytotoxic cells generated are specific to target cells bearing antigens of the primary sensitizing cells and are qualitatively indistinguishable from the response obtained upon secondary antigenic stimulation. The cell-mediated cytotoxicity is independent of concanavalin A (Con A) and is not affected by the Con A-specific inhibitor, alpha-methyl-D-mannose pyranoside. Furthermore, cultures containing a mixture of submitogenic concentrations of Con A and stimulating antigens showed synergy and augmentation of cytotoxic activity. It is suggested that activation of prekiller cells by Con A into CTL may be mediated via the same or similar receptors normally triggered by the stimulating antigens. Functional similarities between ConA and the lymphocyte-defined antigens of the major histocompatibility complex region are discussed.
Evaluating the Combined Effect of Comorbidity and Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics on the Risk of Death in Men After Prostate-Specific Antigen Recurrence
Authors: Jennifer Y. Wo, Ming-Hui Chen, Paul L. Nguyen, Andrew A. Renshaw, Marian J. Loffredo, Philip W. Kantoff, Anthony V. D'Amico
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose We examined whether time-dependent continuous prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity at recurrence was associated with all cause mortality (ACM) adjusting for comorbidity levels among men treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) alone with or without androgen suppression therapy (AST) in the setting of a randomized controlled trial. Patients and Methods From 1995 to 2001, 206 men with localized, unfavorable prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive RT alone or RT and AST combined. Cox multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between PSA velocity at recurrence and ACM, adjusting for known prostate cancer prognostic factors, including Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 comorbidity level. Results With a median follow-up of 8.4 years, 89 biochemical recurrences and 74 ACM deaths occurred. Among all patients, higher PSA velocity was associated with increased ACM (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.44; P &lt; .001) after adjusting for age, treatment arm, comorbidity score, and salvage AST. For 89 patients with biochemical recurrence, increasing PSA velocity at recurrence (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.09; P ≤ .001) and moderate to severe comorbidity score (HR, 7.94; 95% CI, 1.55 to 40.52; P = .01) were associated with increased ACM. PSA velocity at recurrence was associated with significantly higher risk of ACM among patients with no or minimal comorbidity (P &lt; .001), but not moderate to severe comorbidity (P = .12). Conclusion Rapid PSA velocity at recurrence is significantly associated with an increased risk of ACM among patients with no or minimal comorbidity but not moderate to severe comorbidity. These findings support judicious use of salvage AST, particularly in men with moderate to severe comorbidities, where prospective surveillance protocols are needed.
Eppur si muove, or COPD treatment success and inflammation
Authors: J. B. Soriano, N. C. Barnes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

It has been said that if science was to be given a start date, it should be 1632, when the Italian astronomer and physicist, Galileo Galilei, published the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems 1. Galileo studied the heavens systematically and, in December 1610, used his telescope to show that Venus went through phases, just like the Moon. This observation was incompatible with the Ptolemaic system, the geocentric view that persisted for at least 2,000 yrs, which stated that the Earth was the centre of the Universe. Galileo provided the crucial observations that proved the Copernican heliocentric hypothesis. His work and his actions helped to set up what we now call science. Galileo uttered the landmark phrase “ Eppur si muove ” meaning “And yet it moves,” after being forced to recant in 1633 before the inquisition of his book and of his belief that the Earth moved around the Sun.

In the current issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Powrie et al. 2 report on a well-conducted, 1-yr clinical trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The trial confirms results of previous studies showing that tiotropium reduces exacerbations and improves lung function and symptoms 3. However, the trial also examines mechanisms, with the primary end-point being a measure of the potential anti-inflammatory effects of tiotropium. To the surprise of the investigators, the observed clinical …
Infliximab plus Prednisone or Placebo plus Prednisone for the Initial Treatment of Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: Carlo Salvarani, PierLuigi Macchioni, Carlo Manzini, Giuseppe Paolazzi, Aldo Trotta, Paolo Manganelli, Marco Cimmino, Roberto Gerli, Maria Grazia Catanoso, Luigi Boiardi, Fabrizio Cantini, Catherine Klersy, Gene G. Hunder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: A reliable alternative to steroids for treating polymyalgia rheumatica has not yet been identified. Although infliximab has been used occasionally in steroid-resistant cases, its efficacy has not been demonstrated in a controlled study. Objective: To compare the efficacy of prednisone plus infliximab with that of prednisone plus placebo in patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: 7 rheumatology clinics in Italy. Patients: 51 patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica. Patients with associated giant cell arteritis and those who had been previously treated with steroids or biological or immunosuppressive agents were excluded. Intervention: Initial therapy with oral prednisone tapered from 15 mg/d to 0 mg/d over 16 weeks according to a standard protocol, plus infusions of placebo or infliximab, 3 mg/kg of body weight, at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14, and 22. Measurements: The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of patients without relapse or recurrence through week 52. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients no longer taking prednisone, the number of relapses and recurrences, the duration of prednisone therapy, and the cumulative prednisone dose. Results: Four patients (3 in the infliximab group and 1 in the placebo group) did not complete the trial. The proportion of patients who were free of relapse and recurrence at 52 weeks did not differ between groups (6 of 20 patients [30%] in the infliximab group vs. 10 of 27 patients [37%] in the placebo group; adjusted risk difference, −3 percentage points [95% CI, −31 to 24 percentage points]; P = 0.80). In a sensitivity analysis that included dropouts, the best-case scenario yielded a difference of 5 percentage points (CI, −21 to 31 percentage points) between the groups. The secondary outcomes at weeks 22 and 52 did not differ between the groups. Limitations: The study had a small sample and a short follow-up. A low dosage of infliximab was used, and the prednisone dosage was rapidly tapered. Conclusions: Although too small to be definitive, the trial provides evidence that adding infliximab to prednisone for treating newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica is of no benefit and may be harmful. If there is benefit, it is unlikely to be large. Australian Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN012606000205538.
Nitroglycerin effect on coronary flow reserve measurements: Transthoracic doppler echocardiographic study
Authors: Nozomi Watanabe, Yasuko Yamaura, Tomohiko Toyoda, Miwako Tsukiji, Maki Akiyama, Shuichiro Kaji, Yasuhiro Saito, Tkkashi Akasaka, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Pharmacy Benefit Management Companies: Dimensions of Performance
Authors: Helene L. Lipton, David H. Kreling, Ted Collins, Karen C. Hertz
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1999)

▪ Abstract Research on pharmacy benefit management companies focuses on descriptive accounts of the organizations and the scope of their services. This review provides a critical analysis of publicly available research on contemporary issues surrounding the operations and effects of pharmacy benefit management companies. There has been very little systematic, empirical research on these issues; major questions concerning the impact of pharmacy benefit management companies on quality, costs, and patient outcomes remain unanswered. We analyze what is known and what needs to be known, and we explore major research challenges that lie ahead in the assessment of the pharmacy benefit management company's role in the health care system and in improving the public's health.
Comparison of cognitive and UHDRS measures in monitoring disease progression in Huntington’s disease: a 12-month longitudinal study
Authors: Eng A Toh, Michael R MacAskill, John C Dalrymple-Alford, Daniel J Myall, Leslie Livingston, Sandy AD Macleod, Tim J Anderson
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2014)

Progressive cognitive decline is a feature of Huntington's disease (HD), an inherited neurodegenerative movement disorder. Comprehensive neuropsychological testing is the 'gold standard' to establish cognitive status but is often impractical in time-constrained clinics. The study evaluated the utility of brief cognitive tests (MMSE and MoCA), UHDRS measures and a comprehensive neuropsychological tests battery in monitoring short-term disease progression in HD. Twenty-two manifest HD patients and 22 matched controls were assessed at baseline and 12-month. A linear mixed-effect model showed that although the HD group had minimal change in overall global cognition after 12 months, they did show a significant decline relative to the control group. The controls exhibited a practice effect in most of the cognitive domain scores over time. Cognitive decline at 12-month in HD was found in the executive function domain but the effect of this on global cognitive score was masked by the improvement in their language domain score. The varying practice effects by cognitive domain with repeated testing indicates the importance of comparing HD patients to control group in research trials and that cognitive progression over 12 months in HD should not be judged by changes in global cognitive score. The three brief cognitive tests effectively described cognition of HD patients on cross-sectional analysis. The UHDRS cognitive component, which focuses on testing executive function and had low variance over time, is a more reliable brief substitute for comprehensive neuropsychological testing than MMSE and MoCA in monitoring cognitive changes in HD patients after 12 months.
Antegrade Perfusion With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Patients With Non–Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract: Who May Benefit?
Authors: Gianluca Giannarini, Thomas M. Kessler, Frédéric D. Birkhäuser, George N. Thalmann, Urs E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2011)