tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Diarrhea Associated with Drinking Untreated Water
Authors: Julie Parsonnet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Purpose: To determine the cause of an outbreak of chronic diarrhea and to define the clinical profile of the illness. Design: A case series of patients with chronic diarrhea and case-control and cohort studies to determine the vehicle and cause of the illness. Setting: Rural Henderson County, Illinois. Patients: Seventy-two patients who had onset of chronic diarrheal illness between May and August 1987. Controls were local residents and eating companions who did not have diarrheal illness. A cohort study included 80 truck drivers from a local firm. Methods and Measurements: Nonbloody diarrhea was characterized by extreme frequency (median, 12 stools/d), marked urgency, fecal incontinence, and weight loss (mean, 4.5 kg). The median incubation period was 10 days. Nine patients were hospitalized; none died. Diarrhea persisted in 87% of patients after 6 months. Antimicrobial therapy produced no clinical improvement. No bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, or parasitic agents known to be enteropathogenic were detected in stools or implicated water. Three of five small-bowel biopsies showed mild inflammatory changes. Mild inflammation was also seen in two of nine colonic biopsies. Case-control studies implicated a local restaurant (P = 0.0001, odds ratio = 19) and subsequently the untreated well water served in the restaurant (P = 0.04, odds ratio = 9.3) as the vehicle of transmission. Conclusions: This is the first outbreak of chronic diarrhea linked to drinking untreated water. The causative agent and pathophysiologic mechanism of the illness remain elusive.
Government in Medicine
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Although I am not a provider of reproductive medical services, I was alarmed to read of the recent decision of the Supreme Court in Gonzales v. Carhart. Why should I feel so concerned? The practical consequences of the “partial-birth abortion” bill are so far from my medical practice in pulmonary and intensive care medicine that the ruling should have no impact on me. Indeed, since most health care practitioners will not be directly affected by this decision, why should we care at all? It is because, as Charo1 and Greene2 point out in this issue of the Journal, with . . .
NIR-Triggered Drug Delivery by Collagen-Mediated Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Aoune Barhoumi, Borja Salvador-Culla, Daniel S. Kohane
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Second harmonic generation is a process through which nonlinear materials such as collagen can absorb two photons and scatter one with twice the energy. Collagen upconverts 730 nm (near-IR) to 365 nm (UV) through second harmonic generation, which cleaves a molecule bound to collagen via a UV-sensitive linker. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tracheostomy or Not?
Authors: Dennis A. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE ROLE of tracheostomy in the management of patients with acute upper-airway obstruction has changed considerably in the past few decades. Once the prime initial technique for relieving sudden airway embarrassment, tracheostomy is now only one of several methods available, each of which has specific advantages and disadvantages. This report presents some of the indications for tracheostomy and establishes some guidelines for the initial management of suddenly compromised airways. Tracheostomy has been known for more than two thousand years.<sup>1</sup>It was discussed by the Greek physician Asclepiades in 100 BC and by the Moslem physician Avenzoar in the 12th century AD. For the next 800 years, reports appeared in the world's literature describing tracheostomy for the relief of upper-airway obstruction from foreign bodies, infection, or trauma. Tracheostomy has been used increasingly for treatment of upperrespiratory tract obstruction and ventilatory failure over the last 50 years, especially during the past
End-of-Life Care and the Effects of Bereavement on Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia
Authors: Richard Schulz, Aaron B. Mendelsohn, William E. Haley, Diane Mahoney, Rebecca S. Allen, Song Zhang, Larry Thompson, Steven H. Belle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Although family caregiving has been intensively studied in the past decade, little attention has been paid to the impact of end-of-life care on caregivers who are family members of persons with dementia or to the caregivers' responses to the death of the patient.
Transgenic expression of proximal tubule peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α in mice confers protection during acute kidney injury
Authors: Shenyang Li, Kiran K. Nagothu, Varsha Desai, Taewon Lee, William Branham, Carrie Moland, Judit K. Megyesi, Mark D. Crew, Didier Portilla
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
RECENT ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGY SIGNIFICANT TO PSYCHIATRY
Authors: H. HOUSTON MERRITT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Rapid strides have been made in the advancement of our knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and biochemistry of the nervous system. These advances have led directly or indirectly to the eradication of some diseases of the nervous system and to a more effective therapy of many others. Significant as these advances are, they are not adequate enough for us to be complacent. There are many facts that are unknown: the physiological nature of sleep; the pathophysiology of the minor and major physical disturbances; the nature of metabolic defect in the lipoidoses and progressive muscular dystrophy; and the toxic or metabolic origin of diseases such as paralysis agitans, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
60 SVR12 RATES AND SAFETY OF TRIPLE THERAPY INCLUDING TELAPREVIR OR BOCEPREVIR IN 221 CIRRHOTIC NON RESPONDERS TREATED IN THE FRENCH EARLY ACCESS PROGRAM (ANRS CO20-CUPIC)
Authors: H. Fontaine, C. Hezode, C. Dorival, D. Larrey, F. Zoulim, V. De Ledinghen, V. Canva, L. Alric, M. Bourlière, S. Pol, T. Poynard, G. Riachi, P.-H. Bernard, J.-J. Raabe, J. Gournay, S. Métivier, J.-M. Pawlotsky, D. Samuel, Y. Barthe, F. Carrat, J.-P. Bronowicki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A Note on the Employment of Diphtheria Antitoxin as a Culture Medium for the Diphtheria Bacillus: And on some Practical Points in Connection with the Preparation of Diphtheria Antitoxin
Authors: A. E. Wright, D. Semple
Journal: BMJ (1895)

MEMORANDA.[xLo -907 is, of course, only feasible in the anterior, lateral, or posterior wall of the middle and upper zones.When the peritoneum i8 included in the ablation, free drainage of the bladder must be maintained in order to afford the bladder wound time to heal.As an example of the value of resection, I may mention that I ablated a large piece, of the left lateral wall of the bladder for epithelioma two years ago.'The patient is still at work and in good health.RESULTS.These 70 ablations include recurrences.I have had 5 deaths, 2 as the direct result of the operation.2The remaining 3 deaths occurred in carcinomatous cases at or about the third week after the operation, the patients dying of renal compli- cations.
Abstract 3892: BATF3 is a novel regulator of breast cancer cell invasion.
Authors: Elliot Stein, Di Jia, Marsha Moses
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The escape from tumor dormancy has been shown to be mediated by the acquisition of the angiogenic phenotype. Utilizing an in vivo model that reliably recapitulates the transition from the preangiogenic to the angiogenic phenotype, we have identified and validated the differential expression of a number of genes including a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like-3 (BATF3). We further found that the mRNA level of BATF3 is significantly upregulated in angiogenic tumor lesions compared to preangiogenic lesions. In order to investigate the role of BATF3 in breast cancer neovascularization, we established a panel of ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively, which stably overexpress BATF3 by lentiviral transduction. Cells overexpressing BATF3 exhibited significantly increased levels of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) compared to their wild type counterparts. Overexpression of BATF3 also significantly increased cell invasion in both cell lines. Moreover, MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-9) levels and activity were significantly increased in MDA-MB-231-BATF3 cells. This latter observation suggested that the increased invasiveness observed might be due to elevated levels of MMP-9, which has been shown to regulate tumor cell invasion by remodeling the surrounding extracellular matrix. TIMP-1, an endogenous inhibitor of MMP-9 activity, was also significantly increased in MDA-MB-231-BATF3 cells, however the ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 is dramatically higher in these cells as compared with control cells. Interestingly, BATF3 also significantly suppressed cell proliferation in both the MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that BATF3 may play a dual role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, growth and progression. (Supported by NIH P01 CA045548, The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, The Advanced Medical Research Foundation, and the Harvard College Research Program). Citation Format: Elliot Stein, Di Jia, Marsha Moses. BATF3 is a novel regulator of breast cancer cell invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3892. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3892
Endoscopic treatment with argon plasma coagulation for portal hypertensive gastropathy with no response to pharmacological therapy
Authors: B. Gonzalez-Suarez, D. Monfort, M. Piqueras, M. Planella, C. Aracil, A. Gallego, X. Torras, J.M. Lopez-Balaguer, C. Villanueva, J. Balanzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
A CASE OF ABORTUS FEVER IN YORKSHIRE
Authors: A. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1932)

Only two patients reported a second operation, but it seems possible that some of those who did not reply to the questionary would fall into the category of " subse- quent operations."One patient had a cholecystectomy performed after a previous cholecystostomy had failed to relieve her symptoms, while the other had a second operation for adhesions.Operative Mortality.-Ofthe 153 operations performed there were nine deaths, giving an operative mortality of 5.8 per cent.for all cases.This figure may appear somewhat high when compared with that quoted by Davis, 3.75 per cent., and 4.73 per cent. in a series of 4,032 cases by various American surgeons quoted by Sanders, but it must be remembered that the present series includes the most serious cases, and that in the United States patients suffering from cholecystitis come for treatment at a much earlier stage than they do in this country.This latter fact is emphasized by Rendle Short in the Index to Prognosis, and appears to be confirmed by Sanders's statement that only 40 per cent. of his 500 cases had stones, whereas 87 per cent. of the present series had the combined pathology of inflammation and stones.Further, a series of fifty-three consecutive operations performed more recently showed an operative mortality of less than 2 per cent., which compares favourably with the best American figures.The causes of death were as follows: paralytic ileus, 1 case ; suppurative cholangitis, 2 cases ; associated with acute pancreatitis, 1 case; pneumonia, 1 case; " chol- aemia," 1 case; and post-operative collapse and cardiac failure, 3 cases.From a perusal of similar series, these causes appear to be the ones usually found.Cholecystectomy was performed in 117 cases, cholecystostomy in
Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Hip Pathology in the Newborn
Authors: J. Leonard Goldner
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In a very few years the author of this small monograph has accumulated much valuable information by personal observation and experience. He has recorded the essential details that he has observed after examining 6,000 newborns and dissecting 300 hips of stillborns, premature infants, and fetuses. Emphasis is placed on the clinical signs that suggest and imply subluxation or dislocation although x-ray corroboration is always needed. Ortolani's sign (clicking of the hip due to instability) occurred in 39 hips of 29 babies observed in 6,000 newborns. All of these showed an acetabular index over 28 degrees and absent acetabular beak when x-ray was taken with the back flat and the femurs abducted. This information is probably the most important single contribution that the author makes. The anatomic dissections allow the reader to understand clearly the mechanism of the abnormally developed hip and illustrate well the changes occurring in the lumbus, the
Antibodies to Escherichia coli in chronic liver diseases.
Authors: A E Simjee, J M Hamilton-Miller, H C Thomas, W Brumfitt, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1975)

Patients with chronic active hepatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis have serum antibodies to many more serotypes of Escherichia coli than do patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or cryptogenic cirrhosis, or normal controls. They also have antibodies against more serotypes than cirrhotic patients with a portacaval shunt. These observations suggest that factors other than shunting of blood away from the liver are responsible for the increased range of antibodies. These factors are discussed. There was no correlation between the number of serotypes to which antibodies were present and the serum immunoglobulin concentration. In three patients, each with chronic active hepatitis, the antibodies were predominantly of the IgM class, while the elevation of globulin in general was mainly due to increased IgG and IgA levels. Antibodies to Escherichia coli, therefore, probably contribute only a small part of the increased globulin levels found in patients with chronic liver disease.
Management of Anaphylaxis from the Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Rocuronium Bromide: Can We Go with the Flow
Authors: C.H. Bridts, D.G. Ebo, M.M. Hagendorens, C.H. Mertens, L.S. De Clerck, W.J. Stevens
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Management of Multiple Primary Lung Cancer in Patients with Centrally Located Early Cancer Lesions
Authors: Jitsuo Usuda, Shuji Ichinose, Taichirou Ishizumi, Hiroki Hayashi, Keishi Ohtani, Sachio Maehara, Shoutarou Ono, Naohiro Kajiwara, Osamu Uchida, Hidemitsu Tsutsui, Tatsuo Ohira, Harubumi Kato, Norihiko Ikeda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Review: Accuracy of monofilament testing for diagnosing peripheral neuropathy of the feet varies
Authors: David Edelman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club18 May 2010Review: Accuracy of monofilament testing for diagnosing peripheral neuropathy of the feet variesDavid Edelman, MDDavid Edelman, MDDurham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (D.E.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationDros J, Wewerinke A, Bindels PJ, van Weert HC. Accuracy of monofilament testing to diagnose peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7:555-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19901316Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: Neurology: References1 Perkins BA, Olaleye D, Zinman B, Bril V. Simple screening tests for peripheral neuropathy in the diabetes clinic. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:250-6. Google Scholar2 Smieja M, Hunt DL, Edelman D, et al. Clinical examination for the detection of protective sensation in the feet of diabetic patients. J Gen Intern Med. 1999;14:418-24. [PMID: 10417599] Google Scholar3 Rith-Najarian SJ, Stolusky T, Gohdes DM. Identifying diabetic patients at high risk for lower-extremity amputation in a primary health care setting. A prospective evaluation of simple screening criteria. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:1386-9. [PMID: 1425105] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (D.E.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 May 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 May 2010Volume 152, Issue 10Page: JC5-11KeywordsLikelihood ratioNervesNeurologyNeuropathyPeripheral neuropathyPopulation statisticsSpecificitySystematic reviewsTouchUlcers ePublished: 18 May 2010 Issue Published: 18 May 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: results of treatment and options in management.
Authors: J A Pain, A E Gimson, R Williams, E R Howard
Journal: Gut (1991)

Twenty two patients (19 females) with focal nodular hyperplasia were seen between 1973 and 1989. Five were children, and all the adults were aged under 42 years (median 33 years). Fourteen patients (64%) were symptomatic on presentation. Twelve of the 14 adult women had taken the oral contraceptive pill. Twelve patients, nine of whom were symptomatic, underwent hepatic resection shortly after presentation. There were no deaths or major complications, and all remain well on follow up. Four patients underwent either hepatic artery embolisation or ligation. After an interval of six to 10 years they were asymptomatic and only one has histological evidence of residual focal nodular hyperplasia. Of five patients initially treated conservatively, two were asymptomatic and have remained so for three and 13 years. One of the three symptomatic patients became symptom free after stopping the contraceptive pill. The management of focal nodular hyperplasia requires a flexible approach. Lesions which are asymptomatic can be observed with regular ultrasound and treated if they enlarge or become symptomatic. Symptomatic patients who present while taking the contraceptive pill can also have a trial of conservative treatment. Other symptomatic patients, including those who previously took the pill, are best treated by surgical resection, and, where this is not possible, by embolisation.
Chlorpropamide-Induced Hypoglycemia in a Child With Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Lawrence R. Kuhns
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A recent discussion of diabetes insipidus<sup>1</sup>indicated that experience to date is limited as to whether or not treatment with chlorpropamide involves a significant hazard from hypoglycemia. The following case report emphasizes the possible dangers of this drug in patients with diabetes insipidus. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> An 11-year-old girl weighing 29 kg (64 lb) had had a craniopharyngioma which was partially removed at the age of 5 years. The patient did well postoperatively except for poor vision secondary to optic nerve damage. Maintenance therapy consisted of thyroid extract, 0.09 gm daily; prednisone, 3 mg daily in divided doses, and vasopressin (Pitressin) tannate in oil, 1 ml every two days. She had been on a similar regimen for six years. During a routine outpatient visit, chlorpropamide treatment, 250 mg twice daily was instituted in an attempt to eliminate the need for vasopressin injections. During the next
Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Lynn T. Tanoue, Nichole T. Tanner, Michael K. Gould, Gerard A. Silvestri
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults of age 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and are currently smoking or have quit within the past 15 years. This recommendation is largely based on the findings of the National Lung Screening Trial. Both policy-level and clinical decision-making about LDCT screening must consider the potential benefits of screening (reduced mortality from lung cancer) and possible harms. Effective screening requires an appreciation that screening should be limited to individuals at high risk of death from lung cancer, and that the risk of harm related to false positive findings, overdiagnosis, and unnecessary invasive testing is real. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects of screening will inform appropriate implementation, with the objective that an evidence-based and systematic approach to screening will help to reduce the enormous mortality burden of lung cancer.
Nocardiosis after appendicectomy.
Authors: D W Burdon
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Nocardiosis is a rare infection of world-wide distribution caused by Nocardia asteroides, and less often by other Nocar- dia species.The genus Nocardia is placed in the order Actinomycetales, together with the genera Actinomyces and Mycobacterium.Characteristically, nocardia grow in filaments which show branching, and this gives them a superficial re- semblance to fungi.Nevertheless, they are classified at true bacteria.Nocardiosis usually occurs as a chronic respiratory disease.Metastasis to secondary sites is frequent and may involve any tissue.In the following case infection appears to have originated from the intestinal lumen.Though this is a recog- nized route of infection in actinomycosis, it has not been associated with nocardiosis.The diagnosis in this case was not established until one year after the onset of symptoms, and this report is made to increase awareness of this condition.
Effect of rate on left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction during chronic ventricular pacing.
Authors: K A Narahara, M L Blettel
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Resting left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated in 22 patients with permanent ventricular pacemakers. LV ejection fraction and volume indexes were determined by gated blood pool scintigraphy at ventricular pacing rates of 50-100 beats/min. In patients with a normal heart size, increases in pacing rates resulted in significant linear decreases in stroke volume index and ejection fraction. However, end-systolic volume index and cardiac index did not change. Patients with cardiomegaly appeared to respond differently. End-diastolic volume index decreased significantly as the pacing rate was increased from 50 to 100 beats/min. Ejection fraction was significantly reduced only at pacing rates of 90 and 100 beats/min. Mean cardiac index was highest at ventricular pacing rates of 70-90 beats/min. Increases in cardiac index, achieved by increasing the pacing rate, were maintained over a 4.3-month follow-up. Patients with underlying sinus rhythm had a 27% increase in cardiac output in association with an increase in ejection fraction from 55% to 62% when sinus rhythm was compared to ventricular pacing at a rate of 60 beats/min. These data suggest that patients with cardiomegaly have a narrow range of optimal pacing rates at rest.