tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE GEOWTH OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM IN THE SKIN
Authors: T. J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.– Epidermal‐dermal interactions are discussed and the importance of the blood vessel as part of the dermis is emphasized. The manner in which vascular endothelium grows and the factors controlling its growth are discussed. In the papilla the epidermis, nerve endings, fibroblast, melanocyte, mast cell and histiocyte are the immediate neighbours of the endothelium of the papillary blood vessel. As such their possible influence on the endothelium is emphasized and analysed.
Incidence of Acute Mountain Sickness at Intermediate Altitude
Authors: A. Bruce Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The incidence of acute mountain sickness was determined by questionnaire in 454 individuals who attended week-long continuing medical education programs at ski resorts in the Rocky Mountains with base elevations of about 2000 m. As a control group, 96 individuals who attended continuing medical education programs at sea level in San Francisco completed similar questionnaires. Study subjects were classified as having acute mountain sickness when they reported three or more of the five possible cardinal symptoms: headache, insomnia, dyspnea, anorexia, and fatigue. Only symptoms with an intensity of at least grade 2 (moderate) out of 5 were analyzed. Acute mountain sickness—like symptoms occurred in 25% of subjects at 2000 m compared with 5% of subjects at sea level. The incidence of acute mountain sickness at 2000 m was greatest among subjects who had come from lower altitudes. Half of the subjects with symptoms took medication. The duration of symptoms was short, with 90% of all symptoms that were reported occurring in the first 72 hours. Acute mountain sickness is common at intermediate altitudes, and it is frequently severe enough to prompt self-medication. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:732-734)
Multimodal Nanoparticle for Primary Tumor Delineation and Lymphatic Metastasis Mapping in a Head‐and‐Neck Cancer Rabbit Model
Authors: Nidal Muhanna, Thomas D. MacDonald, Harley Chan, Cheng S. Jin, Laura Burgess, Liyang Cui, Juan Chen, Jonathan C. Irish, Gang Zheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

64 Cu-porphysome nanoparticles enable superior delineation of neoplastic tissues, metastatic lymph nodes, and vascular drainage on head and neck cancer orthotopic rabbit model using positron emission tomography imaging. Additionally, the nanoparticles exhibit selective fluorescence activation in tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, which permits intraoperative real-time visualization of disease tissues to precisely define surgical margins and prevents collateral damage during surgeries.
Registering Results From Clinical Trials
Authors: An-Wen Chan
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correlation between the response of the heart to sympathetic stimulation and the release of endogenous catecholamines into the coronary sinus of the dog.
Authors: N Yamaguchi, J de Champlain, R Nadeau
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The relationship between the increase in catecholamine levels of the coronary sinus blood and the amplitude of various cardiac responses to adrenergic nerve stimulation was studied in anesthetized dogs. Plasma catecholamine levels in both coronary sinus and aortic blood were measured by a modification of the radiometric enzymatic assay for tissue catecholamines and were found to be 0.622 plus or minus 0.104 (SE) ng/ml and 0.933 plus or minus 0.116 ng/ml, respectively, under basal conditions. The catecholamine levels in coronary sinus blood increased linearly during right cardioaccelerator nerve stimulation up to a frequency of 10 Hz. At this frequency, maximum values were observed in both coronary sinus blood catecholamine levels and cardiac responses. The correlation between the response in heart rate, mean coronary blood flow, and dP/dt of left ventricular pressure and the increase in endogenous catecholamine levels of coronary sinus blood was significant, but the relationship was nonlinear. The present experimental design may prove to be a reliable means of studying the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of cardiovascular function in vivo.
Priming of Natural Killer Cells by Nonmucosal Mononuclear Phagocytes Requires Instructive Signals from Commensal Microbiota
Authors: Stephanie C. Ganal, Stephanie L. Sanos, Carsten Kallfass, Karin Oberle, Caroline Johner, Carsten Kirschning, Stefan Lienenklaus, Siegfried Weiss, Peter Staeheli, Peter Aichele, Andreas Diefenbach
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Effect of the Look AHEAD Study Intervention on Medication Use and Related Cost to Treat Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: J. Bruce Redmon, Alain G. Bertoni, Stephanie Connelly, Patricia A. Feeney, Stephen P. Glasser, Henry Glick, Frank Greenway, Louise A. Hesson, Michael S. Lawlor, Maria Montez, Brenda Montgomery
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of a lifestyle intervention to produce weight loss and increased physical fitness on use and cost of medications to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Look AHEAD is a multicenter randomized controlled trial of 5,145 overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 45–76 years. An intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) involving group and individual meetings to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity was compared with a diabetes support and education (DSE) condition. Medications prescribed to treat diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were compared at baseline and 1 year. Medication costs were conservatively estimated using prices from a national online pharmacy. RESULTS Participants randomized to an ILI had significantly greater improvements in CVD risk parameters and reduced medication use and cost compared with those assigned to DSE. At 1 year, average number of medications prescribed to treat CVD risk factors was 3.1 ± 1.8 for the ILI group and 3.6 ± 1.8 for the DSE group (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), with estimated total monthly medication costs of $143 and $173, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). DSE participants meeting optimal care goals at 1 year were taking an average of 3.8 ± 1.6 medications at an estimated cost of $194/month. ILI participants at optimal care required fewer medications (3.2 ± 1.7) at lower cost ($154/month) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS At 1 year, ILI significantly improved CVD risk factors, while at the same time reduced medication use and cost. Continued intervention and follow-up will determine whether these changes are maintained and reduce cardiovascular risk.
A Comparison of Levomethadyl Acetate, Buprenorphine, and Methadone for Opioid Dependence
Authors: Rolley E. Johnson, Mary Ann Chutuape, Eric C. Strain, Sharon L. Walsh, Maxine L. Stitzer, George E. Bigelow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In a 17-week randomized study of 220 patients, we compared levomethadyl acetate (75 to 115 mg), buprenorphine (16 to 32 mg), and high-dose (60 to 100 mg) and low-dose (20 mg) methadone as treatments for opioid dependence. Levomethadyl acetate and buprenorphine were administered three times a week. Methadone was administered daily. Doses were individualized except in the group assigned to low-dose methadone. Patients with poor responses to treatment were switched to methadone.
Timing of Myelosuppression During Thiopurine Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Implications for Monitoring Recommendations
Authors: James D. Lewis, Oren Abramson, Monina Pascua, Liyan Liu, Laura M. Asakura, Fernando S. Velayos, Susan M. Hutfless, James E. Alison, Lisa J. Herrinton
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Human peripheral and gastric lymphocyte responses to Helicobacter pylori NapA and AphC differ in infected and uninfected individuals
Authors: H J Windle
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background: In this study, we identify the nature of the immunological response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lamina propria gastric lymphocytes (LPL) to two Helicobacter pylori antigens, the neutrophil activating protein (NapA) and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AphC). These antigens were identified and selected for study based on the observation that serological recognition of these proteins was associated with H pylori negative status in humans. Aims: The aim was to study the serological, proliferative, and cytokine responses of PBMC and LPL, obtained from H pylori infected and uninfected individuals, to these antigens. Methods: Patient serum, PBMC, and LPL were used to determine antibody isotype, and proliferative and cytokine responses to recombinant forms of NapA and AphC using western blotting and ELISA. Results: Western blotting revealed antibody reactivity to recombinant NapA and AphC among the H pylori negative population studied. Both the proliferative and interferon γ responses of PBMC and LPL to NapA and AphC were significantly higher in H pylori negative compared with H pylori positive subjects. Analysis of the IgG subclass profiles to both antigens revealed a T helper 1 associated IgG3 antibody response in uninfected individuals. However, interleukin 10 production was greater in H pylori positive individuals in response to these antigens. Conclusions: Taken together these data are consistent with an immune response to these antigens skewed towards a T helper 1 response in the uninfected cohort.
Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Medical Patients
Authors: Alain Leizorovicz, Patrick Mismetti
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Given the increased number of patients hospitalized for acute medical illnesses and the associated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), the use of prophylaxis has become a public health matter. Thromboprophylaxis is not widely practiced in acutely ill medical patients, due in part to the heterogeneity of this group and the perceived difficulty in assessing those who would most benefit from treatment. Nevertheless, the results of recent well-conducted clinical trials support the evidence-based recommendations for more widespread systematic use of low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) in this population. Three large well-controlled studies (MEDENOX, PREVENT, and ARTEMIS) in acutely ill medical patients confirm previous findings that different at-risk patient populations show a consistent 50% reduction in VTE events with LMWH and fondaparinux. A meta-analysis in nearly 5000 patients in internal medicine comparing UFH and LMWH revealed a trend for reduction of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with LMWH. Based on duration of use in clinical trials in acutely ill medical patients, prophylactic treatment with UFH and LMWH is recommended for 2 weeks.
Extracellular killing of Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes by macrophage precursors derived from bone marrow cultures.
Authors: M Baccarini, S Hockertz, A F Kiderlen, M L Lohmann-Matthes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Flagellates of the genus Leishmania are obligate intracellular parasites of vertebrates including man. The microorganisms reside and multiply inside the phagolysosomes of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. We here report on the spontaneous leishmanicidal activity exerted extracellularly by immature cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Highly purified, bone marrow-derived macrophage precursor cells displayed a strong spontaneous leishmanicidal activity already at very low effector/target rations (3:1, 6:1). This leishmanicidal activity was effective against both promastigotes and amastigotes as targets. The cytotoxic effect was evident within 4 h and maximal after 12 h of effector-target organism cocultivation, as determined by a radiolabel-release assay. An intimate cell-cell contact seemed necessary for the parasites to be killed.
Brain biopsy for intracranial mass lesions in AIDS
Authors: Esteban Martinez, Angeles Marcos, Elena Martinez-Chamorro, Carmen Martinez-Chamorro, Pere Domingo, M.J. O'Doherty, P. Lewis, T.O. Nunan, Martin Preuss, Hermann Christian Schumacher, Clemens Bergs, Mario Brock
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Breast Conservation Therapy for Invasive Breast Cancer in Ashkenazi Women With BRCA Gene Founder Mutations
Authors: Mark Robson, Deborah Levin, Mark Federici, Jaya Satagopan, Faina Bogolminy, Alexandra Heerdt, Patrick Borgen, Beryl McCormick, Clifford Hudis, Larry Norton, Jeff Boyd, Kenneth Offit
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Whether women with breast cancer who have inherited mutations in these genes have a different outcome after breast conservation therapy than women with "sporadic" cancer is unresolved. Consequently, we compared the outcomes after breast conservation therapy in Ashkenazi women with or without germline mutations in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 (hereafter called BRCA).We studied 305 women of Ashkenazi Jewish descent undergoing breast-conserving treatment for 329 invasive breast cancers. We reviewed their clinical records, retrieved their archival tissue samples, and tested those samples for the founder mutations BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 5382insC, and BRCA2 6174delT. Genetic results were linked to clinical data and outcomes by univariate and multivariate analyses. All Pvalues are two-sided.We detected mutations in BRCA genes in 28 of 305 women. Women with BRCA mutations were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer before the age of 50 years (P<.001) and to have lymph node involvement (P =.04). Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence was more common in women with BRCA mutations, although this did not reach statistical significance (relative risk [RR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-5.03). Women with mutations were more likely to develop contralateral breast cancer (RR = 3.50; 95% CI = 1.78-8.74; P =.001). Distant disease-free survival was shorter in women with mutations (66.2% versus 84.3% at 10 years; P =.05), as was breast cancer-specific survival (71.9% versus 87.2% at 10 years; P =.02). Tumor stage and nodal status, but not mutation status, were predictive of distant disease-free and breast cancer-specific survival in multivariate analysis.Women with BRCA founder mutations are at increased risk for breast cancer-related events after breast conservation. However, mutation status is not an independent predictor of survival and should not influence decisions regarding adjuvant therapy. The increased contralateral breast cancer risk in women heterozygous for BRCA mutations mandates careful surveillance.
The diagnosis and treatment of peptic oesophagitis
Authors: G. Wooler
Journal: Gut (1961)

An account is given of the treatment of peptic oesophagitis, in which the importance of repairing a hernia which is producing peptic ulceration is emphasized. Mobilization of the oesophagus muct be carried out as far up as is necessary for the hernia to reduce without tension. When there is a firm stricture which will not respond to treatment, associated with shortening of the oesophagus, resection and interposing a loop of jejunum is the operation of choice which in this series has been performed without mortality.
5'-CpG island methylation of the LKB1/STK11 promoter and allelic loss at chromosome 19p13.3 in sporadic colorectal cancer
Authors: J Trojan
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> In patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), causative germline mutations in the<i>LKB1/STK11</i> gene on chromosome 19p13.3 have been identified. Because of the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 19p13.3 in hamartomas and the cancer susceptibility of patients with PJS, LKB1/STK11 is suggested to act as a tumour suppressor. However, the frequency of genetic and epigenetic inactivation of<i>LKB1/STK11</i> in sporadic tumours is unclear. <h3>AIMS</h3> To investigate the <i>LKB1/STK11</i> gene for promoter hypermethylation and allelic loss in tumour specimens of patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. <h3>METHODS</h3> DNA from 50 consecutive paraffin embedded sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas and corresponding normal epithelium was extracted. After bisulphite treatment, specimens were analysed for methylation of the<i>LKB1/STK11</i> promoter 5′-CpG island by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). In addition, tumours were analysed for LOH of chromosome 19p13.3. In tumours exhibiting LOH, <i>LKB1/STK11</i> was sequenced. <h3>RESULTS</h3> MSP was successful in 48 of 50 tumour specimens. Of those, four (8%) demonstrated hypermethylation of the<i>LKB1/STK11</i> promoter 5′-CpG island. Moreover, LOH at either D19S886 or D19S878 was observed in five of 38 (13%) informative tumours. All five tumours showing LOH at 19p13.3 were advanced and four of five were located in the left sided colon. There was no correlation between LOH and<i>LKB1/STK11</i> promoter hypermethylation or somatic mutation. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In sporadic colorectal cancer, hypermethylation of the<i>LKB1/STK11</i> promoter and allelic loss at the<i>STK 11</i> gene locus are rare events. LOH at 19p13.3 was associated with advanced tumour stage and left sided location but not with <i>LKB1/STK11</i> promoter hypermethylation or somatic mutation.
Targeting Wnt Signaling in Colon Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: E. Melo Felipe de Sousa, Louis Vermeulen, Dick Richel, Jan Paul Medema
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

The identification of cancer stem cell (CSC) populations in virtually all tumor types has widespread clinical consequences. CSCs are suggested to be the only cells within malignancies endowed with tumorigenic capacity and are, therefore, directly implicated in therapy resistance and minimal residual disease. The genetic and molecular mechanisms sustaining CSCs are only currently emerging. For instance, aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for many cancer types and especially those of the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, Wnt signaling activity was shown to designate colon CSCs and is, therefore, an attractive target for new therapeutics. Here, we review some of the latest developments that have been achieved to inhibit the Wnt pathway in the context of colon CSCs. Moreover, we discuss some of the pitfalls that can be anticipated and present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Structures of an MHC Class I Molecule from B21 Chickens Illustrate Promiscuous Peptide Binding
Authors: Michael Koch, Simon Camp, Trevor Collen, David Avila, Jan Salomonsen, Hans-Joachim Wallny, Andrew van Hateren, Lawrence Hunt, Jansen P. Jacob, Fiona Johnston, Denise A. Marston, Iain Shaw, P. Rod Dunbar, Vincenzo Cerundolo, E. Yvonne Jones, Jim Kaufman
Journal: Immunity (2007)
<i>IL1RN</i>Coding Variant Is Associated with Lower Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Increased Plasma IL-1 Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Nuala J. Meyer, Rui Feng, Mingyao Li, Yang Zhao, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Paula Tejera, Robert Gallop, Scarlett Bellamy, Melanie Rushefski, Paul N. Lanken, Richard Aplenc, Grant E. O’Keefe, Mark M. Wurfel, David C. Christiani, Jason D. Christie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) behaves as a complex genetic trait, yet knowledge of genetic susceptibility factors remains incomplete.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXX. The Class Frizzled Receptors
Authors: Gunnar Schulte
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2010)

The receptor class Frizzled, which has recently been categorized as a separate group of G protein-coupled receptors by the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, consists of 10 Frizzleds (FZD(1-10)) and Smoothened (SMO). The FZDs are activated by secreted lipoglycoproteins of the Wingless/Int-1 (WNT) family, whereas SMO is indirectly activated by the Hedgehog (HH) family of proteins acting on the transmembrane protein Patched (PTCH). Recent years have seen major advances in our knowledge about these seven-transmembrane-spanning proteins, including: receptor function, molecular mechanisms of signal transduction, and the receptor's role in embryonic patterning, physiology, cancer, and other diseases. Despite intense efforts, many question marks and challenges remain in mapping receptor-ligand interaction, signaling routes, mechanisms of specificity and how these molecular details underlie disease and also the receptor's important role in physiology. This review therefore focuses on the molecular aspects of WNT/FZD and HH/SMO signaling discussing receptor structure, mechanisms of signal transduction, accessory proteins, receptor dynamics, and the possibility of targeting these signaling pathways pharmacologically.
The Envelope Glycoprotein Ectodomains Determine the Efficiency of CD4+ T Lymphocyte Depletion in Simian– Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Macaques
Authors: Gunilla B. Karlsson, Matilda Halloran, Dominik Schenten, Juliette Lee, Paul Racz, Klara Tenner-Racz, Judith Manola, Rebecca Gelman, Bijan Etemad-Moghadam, Elizabeth Desjardins, Richard Wyatt, Norma P. Gerard, Luisa Marcon, David Margolin, John Fanton, Michael K. Axthelm, Norman L. Letvin, Joseph Sodroski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected humans underlies the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Using a model in which rhesus macaques were infected with chimeric simian–human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs), we show that both the level of viremia and the structure of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein ectodomains individually contributed to the efficiency with which CD4+ T lymphocytes were depleted. The envelope glycoproteins of recombinant SHIVs that efficiently caused loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes exhibited increased chemokine receptor binding and membrane-fusing capacity compared with those of less pathogenic viruses. These studies identify the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein ectodomains as determinants of CD4+ T lymphocyte loss in vivo and provide a foundation for studying pathogenic mechanisms.