tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
Authors: Aaron T. Ludwig, Jill M. Moore, Yi Luo, Xiaohong Chen, Nicole A. Saltsgaver, Michael A. O’Donnell, Thomas S. Griffith
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) use in the treatment of bladder cancer was first reported in 1976, but the mechanism of the induced antitumor activity has still not been fully explained. BCG is a potent immunostimulant, normally producing a Th1 cytokine response, including IFN. Recent studies have shown CpG oligodeoxynucleotide induce tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression via IFN production. Given that Mycobacterial DNA contains high amounts of CpG motifs, we hypothesized that BCG’s antitumor properties are akin to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, where the cytokine response to BCG induces TRAIL up-regulation. Using ELISA, urine IFN-γ, and TRAIL levels were initially undetectable in BCG therapy patients but were high after later induction treatments. More importantly, patients that responded to BCG therapy had significantly higher urine TRAIL levels, which killed bladder tumor cells in vitro versus nonresponders. Flow cytometry of fresh urine revealed TRAIL-expressing neutrophils. Given these data, we propose TRAIL plays a role in BCG-induced antitumor effects.
Pregnancy loss, menopause, and the onset of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: N J McHugh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Behqet's disease Sir: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies have been detected in patients with idiopathic necrotising and crescentic glomerulonephritis, active Wegener's granulomatosis, and micro- scopic polyarteritis nodosa.'Behcet's disease, an inflammatory disorder of unknown cause, is characterised by oral and genital ulcerations associated with systemic manifestations due to large and small vessel vasculitis.Ocular, cutaneous, and central nervous system involvement are often the translation of small vessel vasculitis.2Crescen- tic glomerulonephritis has also been reported.3
Patients who have 4G Alleles in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor1 Gene Have Higher Mean Platelet Volume Values at the Time of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Çağlar Emre Çağlıyan, Mehmet Balli, Ozge Ozalp Yuregir, Rabia Eker Akilli, Kamuran Tekin, Sevcan Tug Bozdogan, Murat Cayli, Mesut Demir, Ayhan Usal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
INCIDENCE, MANAGEMENT PATTERNS AND OUTCOMES OF PERIOPERATIVE ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION FOLLOWING ELECTIVE NONCARDIAC SURGERY
Authors: Navdeep Gupta, Karthik Murugiah, Aditi Gupta, Kanishka Rajput, Barbara Slawski, Michael Cinquegrani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Expression of RORγt Marks a Pathogenic Regulatory T Cell Subset in Human Colon Cancer
Authors: Nichole R. Blatner, Mary F. Mulcahy, Kristen L. Dennis, Denise Scholtens, David J. Bentrem, Joseph D. Phillips, Soo Ham, Barry P. Sandall, Mohammad W. Khan, David M. Mahvi, Amy L. Halverson, Steven J. Stryker, Anne-Marie Boller, Ashima Singal, Rebekka K. Sneed, Bara Sarraj, Mohammed Javeed Ansari, Martin Oft, Yoichiro Iwakura, Liang Zhou, Andreas Bonertz, Philipp Beckhove, Fotini Gounari, Khashayarsha Khazaie
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

T regs that expand in human colon cancer have proinflammatory properties and contribute to tumor progression.
Bipolar II Disorder: Modeling, Measuring, and Managing
Authors: Ellen Frank
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum Antibodies Against <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Outer Membrane Protein Cross-React With the Heavy Chain of Immunoglobulin in the Wall of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Jes S. Lindholt, Jette Støvring, Lars Østergaard, Sigitas Urbonavicius, Eskild W. Henneberg, Bent Honoré, Henrik Vorum
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) has been demonstrated in arteries and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, the validity of the methods used is questioned, and antibiotic treatment trials have thus far shown disappointing results. Nevertheless, antibodies against the Cp outer membrane proteins (OMPs) have been associated with progression of atherosclerosis and AAAs. The aim of this study was to detect Cp OMPs in the wall of AAA patients by use of purified serum antibodies directed against Cp OMP and to assess potential cross-reacting proteins in AAA walls.Seventeen patients undergoing infrarenal AAA repair were studied. Full AAA thickness tissue was collected from the anterior wall of the aneurysm. Anti-OMP was extracted from seropositive AAA patients by use of an ELISA kit (Labsystems). Analysis was performed by use of 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometric protein identification. OMP antigens were not detected in 16 of 17 AAA walls. However, 3 major AAA proteins cross-reacted with anti-OMP. The proteins were all identified as heavy chains of human immunoglobulin.We could not find evidence of Cp OMP in 16 of 17 AAA walls, but instead, all samples showed a strong cross-reaction between Cp OMP antibodies and human immunoglobulin. This might indicate that AAA is an autoimmune disease, perhaps triggered by an initial Cp infection.
Immunomodulation with regulatory T cells and Fas-ligand ameliorate established inflammatory colitis
Authors: Ayelet Kaminitz, Nadir Askenasy, Esma S Yolcu
Journal: Gut (2013)

We follow with interest, evidence published in this Journal concerning the sensitivities to apoptosis of effector and regulatory T cells (Treg) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a possible mechanism of breakdown in self-tolerance.1–4 The persistent and relapsing pattern of IBD might originate from outstanding resistance of human enteric cells to apoptosis5 or excessive apoptosis of Treg.3 Thus, therapeutic approaches aiming to restore enteric immune homeostasis should either delete effector cells or improve Treg survival, though it is unclear whether Treg apoptosis is causative or a consequence of enteric autoimmunity in IBD patients.3 Targeted deletion of effector cells has been achieved with a fusion protein composed of interleukin-2 (IL-2, internalisation moiety) and active caspase-2 (apoptotic molecule), bypassing the apparent defective caspase function in colitogenic cells.6 We reasoned that Treg endowed with enhanced killing activity might significantly attenuate the course of inflammatory colitis by shifting the effector/suppressor balance.

In prior studies, we showed that administration of relatively small numbers of Treg decorated with Fas-ligand (FasL) protein (killer Treg), but not naive Treg, delays the onset of hyperglycaemia in prediabetic non-obese diabetic …
In vitro effects of a sulfonylurea on insulin action in adipocytes. Potentiation of insulin-stimulated hexose transport.
Authors: B L Maloff, D H Lockwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The mechanism(s) by which the oral sulfonylurea, tolazamide, exerts its extrapancreatic hypoglycemic effects was studied using rat epididymal adipose tissue maintained 20-44 h in the presence or absence of the drug. Insulin binding, hexose transport and glucose metabolism were compared in adipocytes isolated from the cultured tissue. In contrast to earlier reports that suggested that sulfonylureas alter the binding of insulin, neither receptor number nor affinity were changed by tolazamide treatment. The uptake of the glucose analogs 2-deoxyglucose and 3-0-methylglucose in the absence of insulin (i.e., basal) was also unchanged. However, exposure to tolazamide resulted in a potentiation of the stimulatory effects of insulin by approximately 30% at each hormone concentration assayed (0.4-40 ng/ml). This potentiation was dependent on the tolazamide concentration (0.003-0.30 mg/ml), with a maximal effect observed at therapeutic levels. A tolazamide analog hypoglycemic activity in vivo was found not to enhance either basal or insulin-stimulated uptake in vitro. Conversion of 0.1-5.0 mM glucose to CO2 and total lipids in the presence of insulin was also potentiated by tolazamide treatment. The inability of the drug to directly stimulate basal glucose uptake was paralleled by its lack of effect on glucose metabolism. At 50 mM glucose, where transport is no longer rate-limiting, tolazamide did not potentiate metabolism in the absence or the presence of insulin. These studies demonstrate that tolazamide in vitro alters postreceptor insulin action without influencing the receptor, and suggests insulin-stimulated hexose transport as the cellular process responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonyureas in adipose tissue.
Measurement of midwall myocardial dynamics in intact man by radiography of surgically implanted markers.
Authors: N B Ingels, G T Daughters, E B Stinson, E L Alderman
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Tiny radiopaque helices (0.85 times 1.5 mm) of pure tantalum wire were implanted by means of a simple insertor instrument into the left ventricular myocardium in 24 patients at the time of cardiac surgery. The markers were positioned in such a way as to outline the profile of the left ventricle when viewed in a 30 degree right anterior oblique projection. Biplane studies showed that all markers could be placed very nearly in a plane using the surface anatomy of the heart as a guide to implantation. Implantation of markers required approximately two minutes. No intraoperative or postoperative complications ascribable to the markers have occurred. They remain firmly in place and allow acquisition of a noninvasive ventriculogram at any time after surgery. The dynamic geometry of the left ventricle was determined by analysis of cineradiograms of these markers. Utilization of a single-plane (right anterior oblique) cineradiogram to obtain measurements of major transverse ventricular diameters, mean circumferential shortening, and circumferential shortening velocity results in underestimation of lenghts by 1.4%, overestimation of shortening by 1.2% of end-diastolic length, and overestimation of velocity by 0.05 circ/sec, when compared with values obtained simultaneously from biplane cineradiograms.
House Officer Employment-Reply
Authors: Louis J. Kettel
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  Mr Schechter's response is appreciated. There is less disagreement in philosophy than he perceives. I neither justified nor defended the working conditions of present or past house officers. Neither did I argue for or against salary or other forms of compensation. Rather, the need is for concern, regardless of the setting today or in the past. The attitude of concern for house officers can be rationalized to another level if the employee-employer relation is the emphasis. Indeed, I argue for special attention to the circumstances of house officer employment, recognizing that the presence of compensation may create an adversarial environment in which personal problem-solving becomes very difficult.
An imprinted IMAGe: insights into growth regulation through genomic analysis of a rare disease
Authors: Renuka P Dias, Eamonn R Maher
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

Missense mutations in the imprinted gene that encodes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C, also called p57Kip2) result in a rare disorder associated with prenatal growth retardation (IMAGe syndrome). Loss-of-function mutations in CDKN1C have been previously described in the congenital overgrowth syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and some cancers. In contrast, a recent study by Arboleda et al. proposes that the CDKN1C mutations associated with IMAGe syndrome have a gain-of-function effect. These findings highlight how rare genetic disorders can provide important insights into the regulation of critical processes such as regulation of cell growth.
The diagnostic value of biopsy of small peripheral lymph nodes in patients with suspected lymphoma
Authors: Beverly W. Baron, Joseph M. Baron
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

In a patient with suspected lymphoma, it is considered desirable to confirm the diagnosis by excisional biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes. However, sometimes the ideal nodes are positioned internally, requiring a deep invasive procedure for access, or the patient may have underlying medical conditions that make it risky to perform such an invasive procedure. Under a protocol approved by our institution's review board (IRB), we reviewed five patients in whom superficial lymph nodes were biopsied which were smaller than usually considered optimal for diagnosis (=2 cm). In each of these cases, the biopsy yielded diagnostic information upon which treatment could be based, sparing the patient a deep invasive procedure. We suggest that in situations in which large internal lymph nodes are not easily accessible and/or the patient's clinical situation precludes more invasive procedures, including deep core needle biopsy of a large mass, it is worthwhile to consider the removal of smaller, superficial lymph nodes with minimal risk which may suffice for diagnosis.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in Carriage and Disease
Authors: Srdjan Vitovski, Kim T. Dunkin, Anthony J. Howard, Jon R. Sayers
Journal: JAMA (2002)

INFLUENZAEcauses a number of diseases in humans, including both localized and systemic infections. 1 Early work established that not all isolates of this gram-negative bacterium possess the same pathogenic potential.Lower respiratory tract infections caused by nontypeable H influenzae (NTHi) strains are responsible for significant mortality in both infants and children in developing countries. 2They also represent a major cause of morbidity in both developed and developing countries.In general, carriers of NTHi are healthy but occasionally develop localized acute respiratory tract infections (eg, otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis).In addition, NTHi is associated with exacerbations of underlying lung disease (eg, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis).Less frequently, it has been reported to cause septicemia, endocarditis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, and meningitis, illnesses more usually associated with H influenzae type b (Hib). 3Also, NTHi is reported as causal in female genital tract infection and postpartum and neonatal infection (including septicemia). 4Brazilian purpuric fever is the most serious disease exclusively caused by strains of NTHi. 5 Attempts to identify a particular virulence factor responsible for NTHi pathogenesis have so far been unsuccessful.Evidence suggests that NTHi relies on more than 1 specific factor or mechanism to colonize the human nasopharyngeal tract and then, on occa-
A DIPHTHERIA SURVEY
Authors: Edward S. Godfrey
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 8, 1922, page 1072, Dr. C. Hampson Jones, commissioner of health of Baltimore, suggested in a letter to the editor the value ofThe Journal's giving an annual review of diphtheria in cities of the United States in much the same way that it reviews typhoid mortality. In an editorial note appended to Dr. Jones' letter it is stated that the suggested survey had been under consideration for some time and would probably be undertaken. Nearly two years have since elapsed, and so far as I know the matter is still only under consideration or perhaps has even fallen from that estate. I am writing this letter because I am quite convinced that nothing national or state authorities can do would stimulate antidiphtheria work in cities so much as publishing annually their mortality and morbidity rates with appropriate comment thereon. The following
Diffuse Bone Marrow Accumulation of FDG in a Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Mimics Hematopoietic Cytokine-Mediated FDG Uptake on Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Amol Takalkar, Jian Q. Yu, Rakesh Kumar, Yan Xiu, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

It is well known that bone marrow stimulants such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can cause diffuse and increased FDG accumulation in bone marrow on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Therefore, diffuse bone marrow FDG uptake is commonly attributable to the effect of hematopoietic cytokines. However, diffuse bone marrow FDG uptake can also be caused by other etiologies. We report a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia who had images similar to hematopoietic cytokine-mediated FDG bone marrow uptake.
Transporters Associated with Antigen Processing (TAP)-independent Presentation of Soluble Insulin to α/β T Cells by the Class Ib Gene Product, Qa-1b
Authors: S. Mark Tompkins, Jennifer R. Kraft, Chinh T. Dao, Mark J. Soloski, Peter E. Jensen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

T cell hybridomas isolated from nonresponder H-2b mice immunized with pork insulin were stimulated by insulin in the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unmatched antigen presenting cells. The restriction element used by these CD4− T cells was mapped to an oligomorphic MHC class Ib protein encoded in the T region and identified as Qa-1b using transfectants. The antigenic determinant was localized to the insulin B chain, and experiments with truncated peptides suggested that it is unexpectedly long, comprising most or all of the 30 amino acid B chain. The antigen processing pathway used to present insulin to the Qa-1b– restricted T cells does not require transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP), and it is inhibited by chloroquine. A wide variety of cell lines from different tissues efficiently present soluble insulin to Qa-1b–restricted T cells, and insulin presentation is not enhanced by phagocytic stimuli. Our results demonstrate that Qa-1b can function to present exogenous protein to T cells in a manner similar to MHC class II molecules. Therefore, this class Ib protein may have access to a novel antigen processing pathway that is not available to class Ia molecules.
401 EARLY ON-TREATMENT PLASMA RIBAVIRIN CONCENTRATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ON-TREATMENT ANAEMIA AND TREATMENT OUTCOME IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS
Authors: R.J. Ali, S.K. Roberts, J. Ray, W. Sievert, G. McCaughan, M. Weltman, D. Crawford, W. Cheng, W. Rawlinson, J. Thommes, B. Rizkalla, M. Yoshihara, G.J. Dore, G.V. Matthews
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Radioiodine Bronchogram in Acute Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: SIEMA M. BAKHEET, MUHAMMAD M. HAMMAMI, JOHN POWE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

In this article, the authors described a 31-year-old woman with differentiated thyroid cancer is presented who had radioiodine uptake in the distribution of the tracheobronchial tree in association with symptoms of an acute respiratory tract infection. As expected, the uptake was transient and disappeared on the follow-up scan performed after 10 days of antibiotic treatment.
Medical journals and industry ties
Authors: M. Chew, C. Brizzell, K. Abbasi, F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The BMJ was one of the first medical journals to seek declarations of competing interests from authors.Our focus is on financial competing interests as we believe these to be the most identifiable.We do, however, understand that competing interests come in many forms and we also routinely ask authors to declare relevant non-financial competing interests.The governing principle has been that transparency is a panacea. 1 We placed faith in this principle, but mounting experience and evidence tell us that we were only half right. 2 Transparency remains essential, but it isn't sufficient to eliminate bias or perception of bias.We believe this risk of bias is particularly important for clinical educational articles that are designed to guide patient care, when authors' biases may be less visible to general medical readers.For some years we have sought to minimise as well as declare competing interests for these articles.Recently we introduced more active management of competing interests, requiring authors to complete a more detailed declaration and excluding authors with close ties.Now we have decided to go a step further, as heralded three years ago. 3From next year our clinical education articles will be authored by experts without financial ties to industry (box).By industry we mean companies producing drugs, devices, or tests; medical education companies; or other companies with an interest in the topic of the article.We are phasing in this policy to start with editorials, clinical reviews, and most practice series.We hope that by the end of 2016, this will have extended to the rest of our education section: our specialist state of the art reviews and diagnostics and therapeutics series.
Cholera outbreak highlights poor health services in southern Sudan
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An outbreak of cholera has spread quickly across southern Sudan, emphasising the scale and urgency of postwar reconstruction in a region where almost half the population is displaced and only one in four people have access to medical services.

An outbreak of diarrhoea that was first detected in early February in the town of Yei, near Sudan's southern border, spread quickly to the regional capital, Juba. A total of 4906 cases and 89 deaths were reported by the end of the month. By early March infections …
Transpulmonary thermodilution for the assessment of hemodynamic patterns in patients with severe scorpion envenomation
Authors: Anis Chaari, Kamilia Chtara, Hedi Chelly, Chokri Ben Hamida, Rania Ammar, Olfa Turki, Mabrouk Bahloul, Mounir Bouaziz
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
PROCAINE AND PROCAINE AMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE IN SKELETAL PAIN
Authors: Eugene F. Traut
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Attempts to control the pain of joint disease and its associated syndromes have led to the use of procaine hydrochloride. It has been injected intravenously to relieve the pain of chronic arthritis, especially degenerative arthritis. The relief obtained has not been striking or long lasting. Side-reactions have been common. Better results followed intra-articular injections of this drug.  Procaine hydrochloride injections have not as frequently benefited patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Graubard reported good results with intravenous injections of this agent in rheumatoid arthritis. The claimed effectiveness and harmlessness have been challenged.1  Procaine is an ester. It is promptly hydrolyzed by fluids of the human body into its substituent parts: para-aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol. The splitting of the drug is enzymatic owing to procaine esterase. This esterase is found in plasma, the liver, the lungs, and mucous membranes. The drug cannot be detected in the blood two minutes after the intravenous