tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NUTRITIONAL CYTOPENIA IN MONKEYS RECEIVING THE GOLDBERGER DIET
Authors: Paul L. Day, William C. Langston, William J. Darby, Joel G. Wahlin, Virginia Mims
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

Experiments are reported upon young rhesus monkeys which were given a diet essentially the same as the Goldberger black tongue-producing diet, supplemented in various ways. Those receiving the unsupplemented diet developed the syndrome characterized by leucopenia, anemia, gingivitis, diarrhea, and death, which has been previously described in monkeys receiving our diet of refined foodstuffs. An animal receiving the Goldberger diet supplemented with ascorbic acid and liver extract exhibited normal growth and development and has maintained a normal blood picture for approximately 2 years. Likewise, the feeding of a crude liver extract to an animal with profound anemia and leucopenia was followed by a dramatic reticulocyte response and ultimate recovery. However, the ash of liver extract failed to maintain a normal blood picture or to prolong life. Supplementing the diet with ascorbic acid, thiamin chloride, nicotinic acid (or amide), and riboflavin failed to prevent the leucopenia, gingivitis, diarrhea, and death. The combination of nicotinic acid and riboflavin, however, appeared to have a definite erythropoietic effect. Shigella paradysenteriae was isolated from the stools of several of the animals which received the deficient diet. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between the deficiency, the infection, and the blood picture. Three of the animals exhibited edema of the face. It is evident that the Goldberger diet, even when supplemented with nicotinic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, and ascorbic acid, is inadequate for maintenance of health in the young monkey. The nature of the deficiency manifestations would indicate that the diet is deficient in the substance or substances which we have previously termed vitamin M.
Urgent ERCP with pancreatic stent placement or replacement for salvage of post-ERCP pancreatitis
Authors: Tossapol Kerdsirichairat, Rajeev Attam, Mustafa Arain, Yan Bakman, David Radosevich, Martin Freeman
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Urgent placement or replacement of pancreatic stents shortly after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) might attenuate the course of evolving post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). <b>Patients and methods: </b>Salvage ERCP with de novo pancreatic stent placement or replacement of outwardly migrated stents was performed within 2 – 48 hours in patients with evolving PEP accompanied by severe pain, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and major elevations in serum amylase and lipase. Serial pain scores, amylase and lipase levels, and hospital course were studied. <b>Results:</b> PEP according to Cotton consensus criteria developed after 64 (2 %) of 3216 ERCPs over 3 years. Of the 64 patients with PEP, 14 underwent salvage ERCP (5 without and 9 with prior pancreatic stents, 7 of which had migrated outwards prematurely). All patients had SIRS and a high score (≥ 3) for the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis. Median clinical onset of PEP was at 5 hours (range 0 – 68 hours) in patients with prophylactic pancreatic stents vs. 2 hours (range 0.5 – 2.5 hours) in patients without prophylactic pancreatic stents (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Salvage ERCP was performed at a median of 10 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 2.4 – 22.7 hours). Improvement in pain, amylase, lipase, and resolution of SIRS were statistically significant at 24 hours after salvage ERCP (<i>P</i> = 0.003). Median length of hospital stay was 2 days (IQR 1 – 4.75). No necrotizing pancreatitis or late complications occurred. <b>Conclusion: </b>Urgent salvage ERCP with de novo pancreatic stent placement or replacement of a migrated stent is a novel approach in the setting of early PEP, and was associated with rapid resolution of clinical pancreatitis and reduction in levels of amylase and lipase.
Bisphosphonate Risks and Benefits: Finding a Balance
Authors: Julie R. Gralow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

interventions were offered to those patients referred to specialist services to estimate costs, which would help future planning.A weakness of this study is the lack of health economic evaluation, which is essential if we are to persuade health care providers to financially support such services in increasingly pressurized health care systems.This large and well-designed RCT provides further evidence that screening, detection, and appropriate management of distress and depression/anxiety in patients with cancer can be beneficial.It is likely that different models of psychosocial care will work in different health care settings.Community and hospital practices are encouraged to look at the efficacy and practicalities of different models of managing distress, to find which will best suit local practices before starting their implementation.At the same time, further research should look at the collaboration between the oncology team and specialist psychooncology services, and should include a health economic evaluation, to facilitate applications in clinical practice.Supporting patients appropriately at key time points of their cancer journey has the potential to reduce the development of significant psychiatric morbidity, to help patients manage better the effect of treatment, and return to fully functional lives and survivorship after treatment.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: M. Al Batata
Journal: JAMA (1977)

INFECTIONS have been a frequent and serious complication of renal transplantation.<sup>1</sup>Immunosuppressive therapy predisposes patients to a variety of infections with both common and opportunistic organisms. However, only a few cases of pulmonary tuberculosis have been reported. The diagnosis was established by sputum examination in some cases, but it was an incidental finding at autopsy in others.<sup>2</sup>The skin test with purified protein derivative proved unreliable and was nonreactive in all the patients. To our knowledge, this is the first case where tuberculosis was diagnosed on open lung biopsy in a renal transplant patient. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old man was admitted to Milwaukee County General Hospital in February 1976 with a three-month history of fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, productive cough, and nasal congestion. The patient had congenital, obstructive urologic disease leading to progressive pyelonephritis and eventual renal failure, and he had multiple urologic procedures as a
5-Lipoxygenase and 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) Immunoreactivity in Lungs from Patients with Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: LAUREL WRIGHT, RUBIN M. TUDER, JUN WANG, CARLYNE D. COOL, ROBERT A. LEPLEY, NORBERT F. VOELKEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Inflammatory infiltrates and endothelial cell proliferation have been appreciated in plexiform and concentric lesions, which characterize the vascular remodeling in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Leukotriene production by perivascular and alveolar macrophages relies on activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), with translocation of the enzyme to the nuclear membrane, and association with the 5-LO activating protein (FLAP). Using immunohistochemical staining, we localized and semi-quantitatively estimated the abundance of 5-LO and FLAP in lungs obtained from patients with PPH, patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), and normal control subjects. Expression of 5-LO and FLAP was prominent in alveolar macrophages in both the normal and PPH lungs; however, alveolar macrophages were more frequently clustered in the vicinity of remodeled blood vessel in PPH. Medium- and small-size pulmonary arteries in PPH showed more abundant FLAP expression than in control and ILD lungs. 5-LO expression in small arteries in PPH was more intense than in control and ILD patients. Endothelial cells in plexiform and concentric lesions in PPH expressed both 5-LO and FLAP. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of 5-LO transcripts in macrophages and endothelial cells of the remodeled vessels in PPH. We propose that the overexpression of 5-LO and FLAP represents evidence for the participation of inflammation in the process of PPH vasculopathy or, alternatively, that the overabundance of the enzymes involved in generation of inflammatory mediators may themselves be related to vascular cell proliferation and cell growth.
Forensic oximetry: Is it possible to confirm that the same patient has worn an oximeter on 2 nights?
Authors: Liam O'Reilly, Judith Savage, Claire O'Sullivan, Brendan Cooper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:   We suspected a patient had performed home oximetry on their partner as they did not wish to receive treatment or be stopped from driving due to their obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). We wanted to see if it was possible to recognise a pulse rate “fingerprint” in patients who had performed two consecutive sleep studies. We wanted to determine the normal variation in pulse rate (PR) on 2 nights in the same subject. The mean PR or the SD of the PR should be close enough to tell that the same patient is using the device.    Method:   We reviewed mean and standard deviation (SD) of the pulse rates recorded during routine overnight oximetry and a multi-channel study in 37 patients [17F:20M Mean (SD); Age 50.8 (13.9) years;) with suspected OSAHS 16.4 (28.4) >4% dips per hour.] 37% of patients had confirmed OSAHS.    Results:   The results (Table 1) show that mean difference in heart rate was 3.5 bpm (+/- 7.1) and that statistically there was no little difference between the 2 nights. However, analysis by Bland & Altman (Fig 1) shows that the variation in pulse rate was 9-12%.    Discussion   :  The variation in pulse rate between any two oximetry studys is on average 10% or between +/-7 bpm difference in the mean PR. However, 3 out of 37 patients had greater variation than this.    Conclusion:   It is not possible on an individual basis to confirm if the same patient has performed an oximetry study. We have shown the expected normal range in PR for the same patient.
Dysfunctional Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Michael S. Goligorsky, Kaoru Yasuda, Brian Ratliff
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Putative endothelial progenitor cells play a role in organ regeneration, and their incompetence may be important in the development of chronic kidney disease. The mechanisms of this incompetence are broad and range from poor mobilization, viability, and engraftment to impaired differentiation into mature endothelial cells. By contrasting the role of endothelial progenitor cells in tissue regeneration with their developing incompetence in chronic kidney disease, we emphasize the importance of designing rational pharmacologic strategies to tackle such incompetence in the broader search for therapies to attenuate chronic disease.
Microglia Development and Function
Authors: Debasis Nayak, Theodore L. Roth, Dorian B. McGavern
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2014)

Proper development and function of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) depend critically on the activity of parenchymal sentinels referred to as microglia. Although microglia were first described as ramified brain-resident phagocytes, research conducted over the past century has expanded considerably upon this narrow view and ascribed many functions to these dynamic CNS inhabitants. Microglia are now considered among the most versatile cells in the body, possessing the capacity to morphologically and functionally adapt to their ever-changing surroundings. Even in a resting state, the processes of microglia are highly dynamic and perpetually scan the CNS. Microglia are in fact vital participants in CNS homeostasis, and dysregulation of these sentinels can give rise to neurological disease. In this review, we discuss the exciting developments in our understanding of microglial biology, from their developmental origin to their participation in CNS homeostasis and pathophysiological states such as neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegeneration, sterile injury responses, and infectious diseases. We also delve into the world of microglial dynamics recently uncovered using real-time imaging techniques.
Final results of the STent versus directional coronary Atherectomy Randomized Trial (START)
Authors: Etsuo Tsuchikane, Satoru Sumitsuji, Nobuhisa Awata, Toshinori Nakamura, Tomoko Kobayashi, Masahiro Izumi, Satoru Otsuji, Hitone Tateyama, Makoto Sakurai, Tohru Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Integrated care reduces hospital utilization among patients with severe COPD
Authors: Elena Titova, Synnøve Sunde, Sigurd Steishamn, Anne Hildur Henriksen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  It has been shown that various integrated care models (ICM) effectively improve disease control and reduce hospital admission (HA) rates in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In Trondheim an ICM (COPD-Home) was developed in 2008 and adapted to local healthcare facilities.   Aims and objectives : To determine the efficacy of the COPD-Home ICM in reducing hospital utilization among patients with severe and very severe COPD (GOLD III and IV 2010).   Methods:  A single centre, prospective, open, controlled clinical study comparing the COPD-Home ICM (IC) with usual care (UC). IC consists of an education program, self-management plan, home visits and a call centre for patient support and communication.   Results:  Eighty-six patients in the IC group (ICG) and 70 patients UC group (UCG), mean age 73.9 ± 9.2 years (56% women) were included, and after 2 years follow-up 51 and 49 patients in the respective groups were available for control. During the year prior to inclusion the number of hospital admissions (HA) for acute COPD exacerbation or pneumonia was 67 and 79 in the ICG and UCG respectively. After 1 year the change in HA rates was -53.7% in the ICG and 0% in the UCG (P= 0.08). After 2 years the change in HA rates was still -44.7% in the ICG compared to +13.9% in the UCG (P=0.01). The number of in-hospital days followed the same pattern as HA rates in both groups. There was a trend towards a shorter survival time among patients in the ICG compared to the UCG, hazard ratio 1.48 [95% CI 0.85 to 2.58].   Conclusion:  The COPD-Home ICM reduced hospital utilization in patients with COPD III and IV with a persisting effect throughout the 2 year follow-up period.
Serum immunoglobulins in calcific pancreatitis
Authors: S. Bank, B. H. Novis, E. Petersen, E. Dowdle, I. N. Marks
Journal: Gut (1973)

Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in 40 patients with calcific pancreatitis. A significant elevation of the mean serum IgA and IgG concentration when compared with a control group was found. The IgA was raised in 50% and the IgG in 27·5% when the individual results were assessed. The IgA did not appear to be of the secretory type. The possible significance of the raised IgA and IgG is discussed with reference to local pancreatic IgA production, autoimmune factors in chronic pancreatitis, and the ductal protein plugs in this disease.
Mis-sense mutation Val&amp;rarr;Ile in exon 17 of amyloid precursor protein gene in Japanese familial Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Satoshi Naruse, Shuichi Igarashi, Kenju Aoki, Kiyotoshi Kaneko, Kuniko Iihara, Tadashi Miyatake, Hisasgi Kobayashi, Takashi Inuzuka, Teruo Shimizu, Takeshi Kojima, Shoji Tsuji
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Breast Cancer Onset in Twins and Women With Bilateral Disease
Authors: Mikael Hartman, Per Hall, Gustaf Edgren, Marie Reilly, Linda Lindstrom, Paul Lichtenstein, Jaakko Kaprio, Axel Skytthe, Julian Peto, Kamila Czene
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Little is known of the onset of breast cancer in high-risk populations. We investigated the risk of breast cancer in twin sisters and in the contralateral breast taking family history into consideration. Patients and Methods We analyzed a Scandinavian population-based cohort of 2,499 female twin pairs, in which at least one had a diagnosis of breast cancer and estimated the risk of breast cancer in the sister. Using a total of 11 million individuals in Sweden with complete family links, we identified 93,448 women with breast cancer and estimated the risk of a bilateral breast cancer. Results The incidence of breast cancer in twin sisters of breast cancer patients was 0.64% per year and 0.42% per year in mono- and dizygotic twin sisters, respectively. In comparison, the risk of familial (affected first-degree relative) and nonfamilial bilateral breast cancer was 1.03% per year and 0.68% per year, respectively. Contrary to the risk of unilateral disease, the risk of cancer in the nonaffected twin and the opposite breast was not affected by age or time since first event. The relative risk of familial bilateral cancer was 52% higher (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.64) and the relative risk in the dizygotic twin sister was 25% lower (IRR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.91) compared with the risk of nonfamilial bilateral cancer. Conclusion The elevated risk of breast cancer in high-risk groups is little affected by age and time since diagnosis. Our findings suggest that susceptible groups of women might have already aggregated genetic prerequisites for breast cancer.
Additional Minocycline Pleurodesis after Thoracoscopic Surgery for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Jin-Shing Chen, Hsao-Hsun Hsu, Robert J. Chen, Shuenn-Wen Kuo, Pei-Ming Huang, Pi-Ru Tsai, Jang-Ming Lee, Yung-Chie Lee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Ipsilateral recurrence rates of spontaneous pneumothorax after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery are higher than rates after open thoracotomy.This study was conducted to determine whether additional minocycline pleurodesis would be effective in diminishing recurrence after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.Between June 2001 and February 2004, 202 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were treated by conventional or needlescopic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The procedures included resection of blebs and mechanical pleurodesis by scrubbing the parietal pleura. After the operation, patients were randomly assigned to additional minocycline pleurodesis (103 patients) or to observation (99 patients).Patients in the minocycline group had higher intensity chest pain and required a higher accumulated dose of meperidine. Short-term results showed that the two groups had comparable chest drainage duration, postoperative hospital stay, and complication rates. Patients in the minocycline group demonstrated a trend of decreased rate of prolonged air leaks (1.9 vs. 6.1%, p = 0.100). After a mean follow-up of 29 mo (12-47 mo), recurrent ipsilateral pneumothorax was noted in two patients in the minocycline group and eight patients in the observation group (p = 0.044 by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test). Postoperative long-term residual chest pain and pulmonary function were comparable in both groups.Although associated with intense immediate chest pain, additional minocycline pleurodesis is a safe and convenient procedure that can reduce the rate of ipsilateral recurrence after thoracoscopic treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
Is LF really a linguistic level?
Authors: Nick Chater
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Carruthers’ argument depends on viewing logical form as a linguistic level. But logical form is typically viewed as underpinning general purpose inference, and hence as having no particular connection to language processing. If logical form is tied directly to language, two problems arise: a logical problem concerning language acquisition and the empirical problem that aphasics appear capable of cross-modular reasoning.
Electrocardiographic Changes During Exercise in Acute Hypoxia and Susceptibility to Severe High-Altitude Illnesses
Authors: Baptiste Coustet, François J. Lhuissier, Renaud Vincent, Jean-Paul Richalet
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— The goals of this study were to compare ECG at moderate exercise in normoxia and hypoxia at the same heart rate, to provide evidence of independent predictors of hypoxia-induced ECG changes, and to evaluate ECG risk factors of severe high-altitude illness. Methods and Results— A total of 456 subjects performed a 20-minute hypoxia exercise test with continuous recording of ECG and physiological measurements before a sojourn above 4000 m. Hypoxia did not induce any conduction disorder, arrhythmias, or change in QRS axis. The amplitude of the P wave in V 1 was lower in hypoxia than in normoxia. The amplitudes of the R, S, and T waves and the Sokolow index decreased in hypoxia. Under hypoxia, the amplitude of the ST segment decreased in II and V 6 and increased in V 1 , the ST slope rose in V 5 and V 6 , and the J point was lower in II, V 5 , and V 6 . Multivariate regression of hypoxic/normoxic ratios of electrophysiological parameters and clinical characteristics showed a correlation between the decrease in Sokolow index and T-wave amplitude in V 5 with desaturation at exercise. Trained status and low body mass index were associated with a smaller decrease in T-wave amplitude in V 5 and V 6 . Comparison of ECG between subjects suffering or not suffering from severe high-altitude illness failed to show any difference. Conclusions— During a hypoxia exercise test, a dose-dependent hypoxia-induced decrease in the amplitude of the P/QRS/T waves was observed. No standard ECG characteristic predicted the risk of developing severe high-altitude illness. Further studies are required to clarify the cause of these electric changes and their potential predictive role in cardiac events.
Studies in chronic allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. 4. Comparison with a group of asthmatics.
Authors: J L Malo, T Inouye, R Hawkins, G Simon, M Turner-Warwick, J Pepys
Journal: Thorax (1977)

A comparison is made of lung function tests and radiographic findings in 20 asthmatic patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis paired in terms of sex, age, and duration of asthma with 20 other asthmatics in whom the diagnosis of aspergillosis was excluded in order to see if the aspergillosis causes more lung damage. One hundred per cent of the patients with aspergillosis and 75% of the patients with asthma alone showed a significantly reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) before bronchodilator. All the patients in the two groups had a significantly reduced maximal expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity breathing air (V50air) but the severity of the reduction was statistically greater in the aspergillosis group. Reversibility in FEV1 of 15% and more was found in 50% of patients with asthma alone as against 31% of patients with aspergillosis. The degree of reversibility of FEV1 was also statistically greater in patients with asthma alone. Improvement of less than 20% of V50 after helium-oxygen breathing was found in 33% of the patients with asthma alone and in 75% of the patients with aspergillosis. Patients with aspergillosis also showed significantly (0-001 less than P less than 0-01) more reduced gas transfer factor. Radiological features of overinflation were as common in the two groups. Tubular and ring shadows were found in 95% and 60% respectively of patients with aspergillosis as against 45% and 15% of patients with asthma alone.
Phase II study of oxaliplatin versus oxaliplatin combined with infusional 5-fluorouracil in hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer patients
Authors: J.P. Droz, X. Muracciole, N. Mottet, M. Ould Kaci, J.M. Vannetzel, N. Albin, S. Culine, J.-M. Rodier, J.-L. Misset, S. Mackenzie, E. Cvitkovic, G. Benoit
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)