tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative decellularization and recellularization of normal versus emphysematous human lungs
Authors: Darcy E. Wagner, Nicholas R. Bonenfant, Charles S. Parsons, Dino Sokocevic, Elice M. Brooks, Zachary D. Borg, Melissa J. Lathrop, John D. Wallis, Amanda B. Daly, Ying Wai Lam, Bin Deng, Michael J. DeSarno, Takamaru Ashikaga, Roberto Loi, Daniel J. Weiss
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Lung changes are present in ACPA positive RA patients already at disease onset
Authors: G. Reynsdottir, A. Harju, M. Engstrom, S. Nyren, M. Skold, A. Eklund, J. Grunewald, L. Klareskog, A. I. Catrina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> We have previously shown that smoking increases citrullination in the lungs of healthy smokers and hypothesised that this process is an important step in the early development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To test this we investigated lung function and citrullination in a cohort of RA patients with very early disease, already at the time of diagnosis. <h3>Patients and methods</h3> 108 patients, 74 female and 34 male, median age 55 (range 22–84) with symptom duration less than 1 year and time of diagnosis less than 1 week, naive to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment, were included in the study and followed up for 6 months. Disease activity (DAS28) and lung function (x-ray, HRCT and dynamic spirometry) were performed at baseline and 6 months after inclusion in the study. All patients were started on anti rheumatic treatment according to clinical practice with 90% of the patients started on methotrexate. In a subgroup of 15 patients bronchoscopy was performed at inclusion and 6 months later and BAL samples as well as mucosal large bronchial biopsies were retrieved. Presence of citrullinated proteins and peptydilamino deiminase (PAD) enzymes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry <h3>Results</h3> 66% of the patients were anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) positive, 26% were current smokers and 22% have reported a previous lung pathology. All patients had active disease with a mean DAS of 5.5±1.1 at inclusion that decreased significantly to 3.1±1.4 after 6 months. A majority of the patients (63%) had any type of changes on HRCT either focal or diffuse. ACPA and rheumatoid factor but not smoking status associated with the presence of changes on HRCT. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a significant increase in expression of both PAD2 and PAD4 in the lungs of current smokers independent of the ACPA status. Results on citrullinated protein expression are pending. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Smoking leads to high PAD expression in the lungs of RA patients already at the disease onset. However presence of ACPA, independent of smoking status, predicted the presence of lung HRCT changes. Taking together these findings suggests that smoking (and other yet unidentified factors) promotes site specific citrullination (such as in lungs) leading to generation of ACPA immunity and lung changes very early in the disease process.
NK4, an antagonist of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), inhibits growth of multiple myeloma cells: molecular targeting of angiogenic growth factor
Authors: Wenlin Du, Yutaka Hattori, Taketo Yamada, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Morihiko Sagawa, Takemi Otsuki, Takako Niikura, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Yasuo Ikeda
Journal: Blood (2006)
Fertility, reproduction, and genetic disease: studies on the mutagenic effects of environmental agents on mammalian germ cells.
Authors: M D Shelby, J B Bishop, J M Mason, K R Tindall
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Because genetically based diseases have a major impact on human health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has conducted a research and testing program for more than a decade to address chemical induction of heritable genetic damage in the germ cells of mammals. Although most genetic disease results from preexisting mutations, a portion is due to the occurrence of new mutations. The supposition that exposure to mutagenic chemicals contributes to the occurrence of new mutations in the human population is strongly supported by the results from animal models. Such studies clearly demonstrate the potential of environmental chemicals to induce mutations in both somatic and reproductive cells of mammals. This NIEHS program has become a leader in the identification of genetic hazards in the environment and in the acquisition of animal model data used by regulatory agencies in assessing genetic risks to human health.
Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV: The Effect of Breast-feeding
Authors: Angus Nicoll
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Mansergh and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have made an important contribution to the study of methods of reducing vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developing countries, and we endorse their conclusion that zidovudine treatment will be an inefficient use of limited resources in the poorest settings. However, we would like to highlight the sensitivity of their findings to levels of breast-feeding. The authors describe an average sub-Saharan African setting where most mothers choose the healthier option of breast-feeding.<sup>1</sup>The description of the model overlooks the fact that any intervention that reduces the risk of prenatal or perinatal HIV-1 transmission alone is likely to increase the number and proportion of infections that take place through breast-feeding. Even if there is an overall gain in infections prevented, a number of mother-to-child infections/transmissions prevented prenatally will merely be delayed into the postnatal period. The size of this effect
Alexithymia and Negative Affect: Relationship to Cigarette Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Smoking Cessation
Authors: Mark A. Lumley, Karen Downey, Laurence Stettner, Francine Wehmer, Ovide F. Pomerleau
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

Alexithymia is associated with substance abuse and may interfere with successful psychotherapy. Alexithymia's relation to smoking, nicotine dependence, and smoking cessation therapy is unknown, and potentially overlaps with negative affect. Three studies addressed the relations between alexithymia, negative affect, and smoking. In Study 1, 67 young adult smokers were more depressed than 370 past or never smokers, but no different on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale total or sub-scale scores. In Study 2, negative affect – but not alexithymia – was related to greater nicotine dependence among 99 chronic smokers. In Study 3, alexithymia tended to predict increased patient participation in cognitive-behavioral therapy for smoking; low nicotine dependence – but neither alexithymia nor negative affect – predicted abstinence from smoking at treatment end. Alexithymia appears to be independent of negative affect and unrelated to cigarette smoking or nicotine dependence, suggesting that the affect regulation deficits in alexithymia play a negligible role in nicotine addiction.
Abstract 3712: Gap junction enhancer potentiates cytotoxic effect of cisplatin
Authors: Ying Ding, Thu A. Nguyen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cisplatin is one of the most widely used anti-cancer drugs due to its highly effective apoptosis induction and DNA damage function. However, increasing reports of side effects and drug resistances indicate the limitation of cisplatin in cancer therapeutics. Recent studies showed that inhibition of gap junctions is one of the reasons that diminishes the cytotoxic efficiency and contributes to drug resistance. Therefore, identification of molecules that counteracts gap junctional inhibition without decreasing the anticancer effect of cisplatin in combinational treatment is essential to reverse resistance and potentiate drug efficacy. This study investigates the effects of combinational treatment of cisplatin and substituted quinoline PQ1, a gap junction enhancer, in T47D breast cancer cells. Cell viability was studied by both trypan blue method and morphology change. Ki67 was used as a marker to examine cell proliferation. Gap junction activity was examined by scrap load/dye transfer (SL/DT) and the expressions of connexins, the components of gap junction. Expressions of apoptotic factors, caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2, were measured by western blot analysis. Our results showed that compared with single cisplatin treatment, combinational treatment of PQ1 and cisplatin increased gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) as well as expressions of connexins (Cx26, Cx32 and Cx43), and subsequently decreased cell viability. Ki67 was greatly decreased by combinational treatment indicating the inhibition of proliferation. Expressions of pro-apoptotic factors, caspase-3, caspases-8, caspase-9, and bax, were activated or increased by pretreating T47D cells with PQ1; whereas, the pro-survival factor, bcl-2, was decreased by the pretreatment. Our studies imply that PQ1 has the potential to be used in the combinational treatment to counteract the drug resistance and potentiate the efficacy of cisplatin in breast cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3712. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3712
Right ventricular ejection fraction during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: L L Johnson, D M McCarthy, R R Sciacca, P J Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The effect of the location of right coronary artery (RCA) lesions upon right ventricular ejec- tion fraction (RVEF) during exercise was investigated using first-pass radionuclide angiography.Thirty-seven patients were studied at rest and during upright bicycle exercise: 11 controls (group 1) and 26 patients with significant (>70%) coronary artery stenosis, divided into those without lesions of the RCA proximal to the acute margin (group 2, n = 14) and those with proximal RCA lesions (group 3, n = 12).In group 1, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased from 0.68 ± 0.07 (SD) at rest to 0.76 ± 0.06 during exercise (p < 0.01), and RVEF increased from 0.47 ± 0.04 to 0.57 ± 0.06 (p < 0.01).In group 2, LVEF fell from 0.63 ± 0.13 to 0.58 ± 0.11 during exercise (p < 0.01), while RVEF increased from 0.49 ± 0.06 to 0.58 ± 0.09 (p < 0.01).The LVEF response to exercise in group 2 was significantly different from that in group 1 (p < 0.01); the RVEF response did not differ significantly.When group 2 was subdivided into patients without RCA lesions and those with distal RCA lesions, there was no significant difference in the RVEF response to exercise.In group 3, LVEF fell from 0.53 ± 0.17 at rest to 0.45 ± 0.14 during exercise (p < 0.01), while RVEF did not change significantly (0.50 ± 0.07 at rest and 0.46 ± 0.10 during exercise).The LVEF response to exercise in group 3 was not significantly different from that in group 2; however, the RVEF response differed significantly from that in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.01).Proximal RCA lesions are associated with a fall in LVEF and no change in RVEF during exercise, while coronary artery disease that does not involve the proximal RCA results in a fall in LVEF and a rise in RVEF.Thus, there can be a dissociation of the exercise response of the right and left ventricles, determined by the location of coronary artery lesions.
Infiltration of the kidney by αβ and γδ T cells: Effect on progression in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Michael C. Falk, Gwen Ng, Geoffrey Y. Zhang, Greg C. Fanning, L. Paul Roy, Kym M. Bannister, Anthony C. Thomas, Anthony R. Clarkson, Andrew J. Woodroffe, John F. Knight
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
"What is the Matter with the Candle Test of the Visual Field? "
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1888)

<h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —It seems hardly right to be making a fuss over anything so presumably well-known and generally used as the candle test of the visual field. But Dr. Cheatham's pertinent query (Journal, November 17) in connection with Dr. Chisolms' report can, I regret to say, be applied to other cataract operations—as in the following instance: In some years past I have had under observation a patient (senile) who had chorio-retinitis in the left eye and steady maturing cataract in the right. Recently the cataract became fully matured and the question arose as to an operation. The chorio-retinitis in the left eye had been for some time at a standstill and there was fair eccentric vision sufficient for getting about, self-help at the table, etc., but not for reading or writing with any satisfaction. My patient was naturally not content in this condition and hoped for relief (at least to
Eye injuries caused by directed jets of water from a fire hose.
Authors: J F Acheson, D Wong, A H Chignell
Journal: BMJ (1987)

as high a concentration as this spontaneously.Nevertheless, there was no indication of increased aggression, though she was very dramatically virilised.A wide range of ovarian tumours can secrete androgens.'Though virilisation is often severe, serum testosterone concentrations are usually increased only up to the normal male range at the most.After resection ofthe tumour she showed a dramatic response that greatly exceeded everyone's expectations.The diagnosis was delayed principally because the wrong test was carried out.This case shows that measurements of serum testosterone and androstenedione concentrations, perhaps with dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, are very much better at excluding virilising tumours than urinary 17 ketosteroid excretion, which correlates poorly with serum androgen concentrations.2Ketosteroid excretion generally represents the weaker adrenal androgens,3 and though her testosterone concentration 11 years previously was probably much lower than it was at the time of diagnosis it would doubtless already have been considerably increased at that time.
Preconception Care of Diabetes
Authors: John L. Kitzmiller
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To test the value of intensive management of diabetes before and during early pregnancy, 84 women recruited prior to conception were compared with 110 women who were already pregnant referred at 6 to 30 weeks' gestation. All underwent daily measurement of fasting and postprandial capillary blood glucose levels. Mean blood gluose levels during embryogenesis and organogenesis were within 3.3 to 7.8 mmol/L in 50% of preconception subjects and exceeded 10 mmol/L in 6.5%. One major congenital anomaly occurred in 84 infants (1.2%) of women treated before conception compared with 12 anomalies in 110 infants (10.9%) of mothers in the postconception group. Transient symptomatic hypoglycemia occurred during embryogenesis in 60% of women in the preconception group, with a median frequency of 2.7 episodes per week, but was not associated with excess malformations. We conclude that education and intensive management for glycemic control of diabetic women before and during early pregnancy will prevent excess rates of congenital anomalies in their infants. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:731-736)
Liver Abscess Caused by Adult Ascaris Lumbricoides
Authors: H. A. J. Reay, A. P. Dignan, C. Maunder
Journal: BMJ (1964)

COMMENTSevere arteriospastic disease in 'migraine is rare because ergotamine tartrate is used only from time to time and therefore vasoconstriction is intermittent.Such disease with gangrene and even death has been reported many times in other condi- tions and in the presence of contraindications-these being thyrotoxicosis, sepsis (especially puerperal fever), hepatic disease, renal disease, obliterative vascular disease, and cardiovascular disease (Von Storch, 1938).There are only 12 cases reported in the literature of prolonged arteriospasm due to the use of ergot preparations in migraine (Silfverskiold, 1947; Cleveland and King, 1948; Martinetti, 1949; Thompson, McClure, and Landowne, 1950; Peters and Horton, 1951 (three cases) ; Fairbairn, 1958 (two cases); Ellison, 1960 (overdose of suppositories); Young and Humphries, 1961 ; Allen, Barker, and Hines, 1962).In these cases the drug was administered either by injection or suppository or both.In none of them was amputation of a major limb a sequel to the arteriospasm.The case reported here followed a similar course to those cited above.There was severe arteriospasm both of large and small arteries in the upper and lower limbs, with recovery 48 hours after stopping the drug and starting treatment.There were no contraindications to its use, but the patient developed tolerance to the drug with withdrawal headaches, and a vicious circle was set up (Wolfson and Graham, 1949 ; Peters and Horton, 1951; and Friedman, Brazil, and Von Storch, 1955).The dose of oral ergotamine tartrate should not exceed 8 mg.for each attack or 24 mg. a week, and the smallest possible dose should always be used.I wish to thank Dr. W. B.
P4-20-05: Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Comparison of Epidemiology, Biology, and Prognosis between Japan and the United States, a Hospital-Based Study.
Authors: H Yamauchi, A Natori, N Hayashi, K Soejima, O Takahashi, T Fukui, S Nakamura, M Cristofanilli, N Ueno
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a challenging disease characterized by low incidence, rapid progression, and poor survival. The epidemiology of IBC has been slow to emerge, given that the rarity of IBC makes large prospective clinical trials difficult. Compared to non-IBC, well-established features of IBC include a younger age of onset and lower frequency of hormone receptor positivity. Higher body mass index (BMI) is a purported risk factor. Previous reports also suggest that IBC is associated with more racial disparities, including incidence and age at diagnosis. The epidemiology of IBC in East Asia, however, has not been investigated. We performed a comparative study of IBC in Japan versus the United States to determine its epidemiologic and clinical features and to evaluate the differences in epidemiological factors between the two countries. Patients and Method: Patients who visited St. Luke's International hospital (SLIH) in Tokyo, Japan and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA) in Texas, USA between 2003 and 2009 were identified. Epidemiological and biological data were collected from electronic medical records. Patient and tumor characteristics were tabulated and stratified by hospital. Kaplan-Meier curves were created for survival estimates and log-rank test was used for cross-group comparisons. Cox proportional-hazard analysis was used to identify a subset of significant prognostic variables that related to overall survival. Result: 34 patients at SLIH and 531 patients at MDA were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 52 years old (range, 32–81, SD, 10.8) and 50 years old (range, 22–87, SD, 11.6), respectively (P=0.476). Mean BMI was 22.9 kg/m2 (range, 17.3−30.5, SD 3.3 ) and 31.0 kg/m2 (range, 13.6−88.9, SD, 7.8) respectively (P&amp;lt;0.01). Clinical Staging was not significantly different; Stage IIIB 38.2%, Stage IIIC 26.5%, and Stage IV 32.4% at SLIH versus 48.6%, 23.7%, and 27.3% at MDA (P= 0.167). Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative cases were, respectively, 50.0% and 64.7% at SLIH and 50.5% and 64.2% at MDA (ER, P= 0.935; PR, P=0.908). Her-2 over-expression cases were 38.2% at SLIH and 28.6% at MDA (P=0.174). A significant difference in nuclear grade was seen between SLIH and MDA: 20.6% at SLIH were Grade 3 versus 68.7% at MDA (P&amp;lt;0.01). Median overall survival at SLIH was 3.6 years versus 2.3 years at MDA (P=0.570). No prognostic factors were associated with overall survival. Conclusion: Though IBC at SLIH differed significantly from IBC at MDA by several epidemiologic and biologic factors, there was no significant difference in survival. To define the epidemiological, prognostic, and risk factors of IBC in Japan, as well as in the world, further studies are needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-20-05.
Fallout from Chernobyl and incidence of childhood leukaemia in Finland, 1976-92
Authors: A Auvinen, M Hakama, H Arvela, T Hakulinen, T Rahola, M Suomela, B Soderman, T Rytomaa
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess effects of fallout from Chernobyl on incidence of childhood leukaemia in Finland. <b>Design</b> : Nationwide cohort study. External exposure measured for 455 Finnish municipalities with instruments driven 19 000 km throughout the country. Values specific to municipalities corrected for shielding due to houses and fallout from A bomb testing. Internal exposure estimated from whole body measurements on a random sample of 81 children. Mean effective dose for two years after incident calculated from these measurements. Data on childhood leukaemia obtained from Finnish cancer registry and verified through hospitals treating childhood cancers. <b>Setting</b> : Finland, one of the countries most heavily contaminated by the Chernobyl accident; the population was divided into fifths by exposure. <b>Subjects</b> : Children aged 0-14 years in 1976-92. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Standardised incidence ratio of childhood leukaemia and relative excess risk of childhood leukaemia per mSv. From incidence data of Finnish cancer registry for 1976-85, expected numbers specific to sex and age group (0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years) were calculated for each municipality for three periods (1976-85, 1986-8, and 1989-92) and pooled as exposure fifths. Dose response was estimated as regression slope of standardised incidence ratios on mean doses for fifths for each period. <b>Results</b> : Population weighted mean effective doses for first two years after the accident were 410 µSv for the whole country and 970 µSv for the population fifth with the highest dose. In all Finland the incidence of childhood leukaemia did not increase 1976-92. The relative excess risk 1989-92 was not significantly different from zero (7% per mSv; 95% confidence interval −27% to 41%). <b>Conclusions</b>: An important increase in childhood leukaemia can be excluded. Any effect is smaller than eight extra cases per million children per year in Finland. The results are consistent with the magnitude of effect expected.
TCT-201 Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) validation of non-invasive and invasive measures of carotid stenosis severity in the CARUS Registry. [Carotid Artery intravasculaR Ultrasound academic regiStry]
Authors: Piotr Musialek, Lukasz Tekieli, Piotr Pieniazek, Tadeusz Przewlocki, Anna Kablak-Ziembicka, Zbigniew Moczulski, Jakub Stepniewski, Mariusz Trystula, Wieslawa Tracz, Piotr Podolec
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)