tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of taping for the prevention of ankle ligament sprains.
Authors: P Firer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

The effectiveness of taping in the prevention of sports injuries has only been studied in detail with regard to the lateral ligaments of the ankle. It appears that taping can protect against injury. The mechanism by which taping works is not certain, but mechanical factors play a role which decreases with exercise. The major effect of taping may be its proprioceptive effect on underlying muscle groups.
Inhibition of Pim1/3 Kinase Prevents Peanut-Induced Diarrhea and Intestinal Inflammation by Enhancing Runx3 Expression and Suppressing Th2 and Th17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: M. Wang, J. Domenico, M. Okamoto, S. Ashino, Y. Shin, E.W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Patient Perception of Physician Compassion After a More Optimistic vs a Less Optimistic Message
Authors: Kimberson Tanco, Wadih Rhondali, Pedro Perez-Cruz, Silvia Tanzi, Gary B. Chisholm, Walter Baile, Susan Frisbee-Hume, Janet Williams, Charles Masino, Hilda Cantu, Amy Sisson, Joseph Arthur, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Information regarding treatment options and prognosis is essential for patient decision making. Patient perception of physicians as being less compassionate when they deliver bad news might be a contributor to physicians' reluctance in delivering these types of communication.To compare patients' perception of physician compassion after watching video vignettes of 2 physicians conveying a more optimistic vs a less optimistic message, determine patients' physician preference after watching both videos, and establish demographic and clinical predictors of compassion.Randomized clinical trial at an outpatient supportive care center in a cancer center in Houston, Texas, including English-speaking adult patients with advanced cancer who were able to understand the nature of the study and complete the consent process. Actors and patients were blinded to the purpose of the study. Investigators were blinded to the videos observed by the patient.One hundred patients were randomized to observe 2 standardized, roughly 4-minute videos depicting a physician discussing treatment information (more optimistic message vs less optimistic message) with a patient with advanced cancer. Both physicians made an identical number of empathetic statements (5) and displayed identical posture. After viewing each video, patients completed assessments including the Physician Compassion Questionnaire (0 = best, 50 = worst).Patients' perception of physician compassion after being exposed to a more optimistic vs an equally empathetic but less optimistic message.Patients reported significantly better compassion scores after watching the more optimistic video as compared with the less optimistic video (median [interquartile range], 15 [5-23] vs 23 [10-31]; P < .001). There was a sequence effect favoring the second video on both compassion scores (P < .001) and physician preference (P < .001). Higher perception of compassion was found to be associated with greater trust in the medical profession independent of message type: 63 patients observing the more optimistic message ranked the physician as trustworthy vs 39 after the less optimistic message (P = .03).Patients perceived a higher level of compassion and preferred physicians who provided a more optimistic message. More research is needed in structuring less optimistic message content to support health care professionals in delivering less optimistic news.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02357108.
Disease Education by the B.B.C
Authors: C. M. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (1958)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Single-cell RNA sequencing is now a standard method used to reveal the molecular details of cellular heterogeneity, but current approaches have limitations on speed, scale, and ease of use that stem from the complex microfluidic devices or fluid handling steps required for sample processing. We therefore developed a method that does not require specialized microfluidic devices, expertise, or hardware. Our approach is based on pre-templated instant partitions (PIPs) that allow single cell encapsulation and barcoding of cDNA in uniform droplet emulsions with only a vortexer. PIP-seq accommodates a wide range of emulsification formats, including microwell plates and large-volume conical tubes, enabling thousands of samples or millions of cells to be processed in minutes. We demonstrate that PIP-seq produces high-purity transcriptomes in mouse-human mixing studies, is compatible with multi-omics measurements, and can accurately characterize cell types in human breast tissue when compared to a commercial microfluidic platform. Single-cell transcriptional profiling of mixed phenotype acute leukemia using PIP-seq revealed the emergence of heterogeneity within chemotherapy resistant cell subsets that was hidden by standard immunophenotyping. PIP-seq is a simple, flexible, and scalable next generation workflow that extends single-cell sequencing to new applications, including screening, diagnostics, and disease monitoring.
The “mesh” approach to human memory: How much of cognitive psychology has to be thrown away?
Authors: Boris M. Velichkovsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

While sharing the author's interest in the development of an action-based framework for memory research, I think the present version is neither new nor particularly productive. More differentiation is needed to describe memory functioning in a variety of domains and on the many levels of activity regulation. Above all, Glenberg's proposals seem to contradict empirical data.
Effect of antiepileptic drugs on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Authors: J Dana-Haeri, A Richens
Journal: BMJ (1981)

other action of beta-blocking drugs in the lung.There is recent evidence to suggest that this may be the case.4The practical implication of this is that the allegedly greater safety of cardioselective beta-blockers in asthma may be based on a false premise.Hence, while I agree that on present evidence selective drugs are preferable to unselective ones, I do feel that great caution is required.A possible alternative to a cardioselective beta-blocker in the treatment of hypertension in asthma is labetalol, an unselective beta- blocker with additional alpha-blocking proper- ties.In a placebo-controlled comparison with propranolol this drug was shown to have no adverse bronchial effect in asthmatics.5 Whether this makes it safer in clinical practice than pure beta-blockers is not clear-perhaps its apparent safety lies in the fact that it is rarely used in asthmatics.Dr Raine and her colleagues describe near- fatal bronchoconstriction and refer to another near-fatal case.Fatal cases have in fact been reported.6Finally, the acute effects we have so far been considering may not be the greatest danger to asthmatics with beta-blocking drugs.Pre- viously mild asthma may become much worse and remain so long after the beta-blocker is stopped.7
Assessment of new drugs: a clinical pharmacologist's view.
Authors: A M Breckenridge
Journal: BMJ (1980)

One of the central roles of the clinical pharmacologist is the assessment of new drugs in man and in this respect he has a necessarily close relationship with the pharmaceutical industry.He is largely dependent on industry for the production of new chemical entities; but his independence of judgment must be preserved at all costs.Industry in its turn appreciates that competent independent arbiters of their new products are important for its prosperity.Currently both parties, clinical pharmacology and industry, feel threatened by a third party, governmental drug regulatory authorities.The purpose of this article is to delineate problems currently faced by the clinical pharmacologist in assessing new drugs and to suggest some possible solutions. BackgroundThe assessment of new chemical entities in man progresses in four phases.In the first phase the drug, already tested satis- factorily in animals, is given to human volunteers in doses initially too small to have a therapeutic effect, the aims being to compare the pharmacology of the compound with results previously obtained in animals and to examine how man tolerates it.In Britain (but not in the United States) phase I studies may be done without governmental permission, but clearly ethical consent is required.A clinical trials certificate must be granted by Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) before the drug is given to any patient in the second phase of its evaluation in man.Only a few patients-40 or 50-may be given the drug in this phase II development, since the aim is to discover if the pharmacological effect discovered in preclinical
Bronchodilatation induced by deep breaths in relation to transpulmonary pressure and lung volume.
Authors: C J Duggan, J Chan, A J Whelan, N Berend
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Induced bronchoconstriction in normal subjects can be transiently reversed by a deep breath (airway hysteresis). The mechanisms of airway hysteresis are not fully understood. The aim of these studies was to determine whether the nature of the deep breath (slow or fast inspiration, five or 10 second breath hold) affects the resultant bronchodilatation. Bronchoconstriction was induced in 10 normal subjects by inhalation of histamine until specific airway conductance (sGaw) was halved (mean (SEM) post-histamine sGaw 0.099* (0.009) s-1 cm H2O-1). A subsequent deep breath to total lung capacity (TLC) increased sGaw by 57% (13%) and neither the rate of inspiration to TLC nor periods of breath holding at TLC produced a significantly different degree of bronchodilation. Reducing the volume of the deep breath produced progressively less bronchodilatation and this was no longer significant after a breath to 68% (2%) TLC. To determine whether the volume of the deep breath or the accompanying increase in transpulmonary pressure (PstL) was responsible for the effect on sGaw, subjects were studied with an oesophageal balloon in place with and without their chest strapped. Subjects took a deep breath to a PstL of 20 cm H2O after bronchoconstriction had been induced by histamine. The degree of bronchodilatation (mean (SEM) %) was not significantly different (strap on 25 (6), strap off 36 (5)) even though significantly larger lung volumes (as % TLC) were reached with the strap off (strap on 57 (2), strap off 78 (3)). These results suggest that PstL rather than lung volume during a deep breath determines airway hysteresis.
Modeling organic chemical fate in aquatic systems: significance of bioaccumulation and relevant time-space scales.
Authors: R V Thomann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The importance of aquatic food chain bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in contributing to human dose is derived. It is shown that for chemicals with log octanol water partition coefficients greater than about 3, the role of food chain transfer to fish consumed by humans becomes the more dominant route over drinking water. Modeling of aquatic food chain bioaccumulation then becomes necessary to accurately estimate dose of such chemicals to humans. The relevant time and space scales for groundwater and surface water also indicate a division of organic chemicals at a log octanol water partition coefficient of about 3. For chemicals greater than that level, groundwater transport is minimal, while for chemicals with log octanol water coefficients of less than about 3, detention times are long relative to surface water and biodegradation processes become more significant. An illustration is given of modeling the groundwater transport of two organic chemicals (BCEE and benzene) and a metal (chromium) at a Superfund site. The model indicates that after 10 years only a relatively small fraction of the chemicals had traveled in the groundwater about 300 m to the point of release from the site to surface water. On the other hand, steady state in the adjacent stream and lake is reached rapidly over a distance of 2000 m, illustrating the difference in spatial and temporal scales for the groundwater and surface water.
Neonatal Fc Receptor Expression in Dendritic Cells Mediates Protective Immunity against Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kristi Baker, Timo Rath, Magdalena B. Flak, Janelle C. Arthur, Zhangguo Chen, Jonathan N. Glickman, Inti Zlobec, Eva Karamitopoulou, Matthew D. Stachler, Robert D. Odze, Wayne I. Lencer, Christian Jobin, Richard S. Blumberg
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Black and White Families: A Study in Complementarity
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In this book, the author uses a structured family case-study format to research the different modes of adaptation made by black and white middle-class, working-class, and poor families. He demonstrates that families of different social class and racial status are similar, and families of similar social class and racial status are different. This empirical evidence for the principle of social complementarity demonstrates that "the adaptations by race and social class... are situationally, not biologically determined." Owing to their situation, dominant and subdominant populations within similar social classes have some different modes of adaptation to a common society. Both black and white middleclass families serve and participate in organized society, but are different in that white families emphasize individual freedom while black families emphasize group conformity. Workingclass black and white families are similar in knowing how to sacrifice on behalf of others, ie, working hard to feed, clothe, and house their
Carcinogenic Activity of Cigarette Smoke Condensate
Authors: Robert J. Needles
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have a few comments to make concerning the paper of Drs. Bock, Moore, Dowd, and Clark, entitled "Carcinogenic Activity of Cigarette Smoke Condensate" (<i>JAMA</i><b>181</b>:668 [Aug 25] 1962). There are several questions which have to do with the debate on the causes of cancer. When one reflects upon the broad implications of this work, he is struck by several anomalies. The mice were standard laboratory animals, and while the weight is not given, we presume it was more or less 30 gm. On the backs of these mice, from which the hair had been shaved, the equivalent of 8.3 cigarettes per day, in tar, was painted. A certain number of "skin tumors" were produced, presumably by this irritating procedure, some of which were squamous-cell carcinomas, although "the numbers of these carcinomas" were few. The amount of tar obtained from filter-cigarettes was less than from the
Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization Predicts Myocardial Viability in Early Stage of Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shin Takiuchi, Hiroshi Ito, Katsuomi Iwakura, Yoshiaki Taniyama, Nagahiro Nishikawa, Tohru Masuyama, Masatsugu Hori, Yorihiko Higashino, Kenshi Fujii, Takazo Minamino
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The aim of the present study was to characterize temporal changes in cyclic variation of ultrasonic integrated backscatter (IBS), which reflects intrinsic contractile performance, in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to elucidate the clinical value of tissue characterization in predicting myocardial viability.We recorded short-axis IBS images before and 3, 7, and 21 days after reperfusion in 26 patients with AMI and obtained the cyclic variation of IBS in the normal and infarct zones. When cyclic variation showed synchrony and asynchrony, we expressed its magnitude as positive and negative values, respectively, called the phase-corrected magnitude. We also measured average wall motion score (dyskinesis, 4; normal, 0) of the infarct segments. The phase-corrected magnitude was lower in the infarct zone than in the normal zone before reperfusion (0.3+/-2.5 versus 5.2+/-1.7 dB, P<.05). At day 3, the phase-corrected magnitude increased by 2.1+/-2.6 dB despite no improvement in wall motion. Improvement in wall motion was observed only at day 21. The patients with the phase-corrected magnitude of > or =2.0 dB at day 3 showed significantly lower wall motion score at day 21 than did the other patients (1.7+/-0.6 versus 2.4+/-0.5, P<.01).In patients with AMI, cyclic variation of IBS is blunted during ischemia but recovers much faster after reperfusion than the improvement in wall motion. The greater phase-corrected magnitude at day 3 may be a predictor of better functional improvement.
Cancer Survivor Coalition Growing Rapidly
Authors: John Burklow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Cancer Survivor Coalition Growing Rapidly Get access John Burklow John Burklow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 1, 3 January 1990, Pages 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.1.9 Published: 03 January 1990
LACERATIONS OF THE FEMALE SEXUAL ORGANS CONSEQUENT UPON PARTURITION; —THEIR CAUSES AND THEIR PREVENTION.
Authors: S. D. GROSS
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read before the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, American Medical Association, May, 1884. My object in appearing before you, as stated in the programme, is to read a paper on lacerations of the female sexual organs consequent upon parturition. It may seem odd, if not impertinent, to those of you who do not know me intimately, that I should venture to discourse upon such a subject so essentially in the hands of specialists; but they will perhaps pardon me if I tell them that, although I have all my professional life, now extending over a period of fifty-six years, been a general practitioner, yet during the first third of a century of that life I was more or less extensively engaged in obstetric practice; while during the last third I have had more or less to do almost daily with the treatment of female diseases requiring the use
Renal Disease and Prostatic Hypertrophy
Authors: Larry C. Watson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two important basic concepts were not discussed in the question entitled, "Indeterminate Chronic Renal Disease in Patient With Prostatic Hypertrophy" (<b>217</b>: 702, 1971). The first is the value of the phenolsulfonphthalein excretion test in the presence of urinary bladder retention. With incomplete emptying of the bladder, the test may be inaccurate, and is "worthless in evaluating renal function if voluntary voiding of timed urine specimens is used in patients with bladder retention...."<sup>1</sup> The second and more important concept is the management of postoperative atelectasis. The treatment of choice is<i>not</i>antibiotics but simple removal of the obstruction to adequate ventilation (ie, mucus plugs, restrictive respiration secondary to pain, etc) so that the airless alveoli may be reaerated.<sup>2</sup>
Enhanced Response of Blood Monocytes to In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide-Challenge in Patients With Recurrent Unstable Angina
Authors: Giovanna Liuzzo, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Antonino Buffon, Vittoria Rizzello, Christian Colizzi, Francesca Ginnetti, Luigi M. Biasucci, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Circulation (2001)

C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels have been associated with short- and long-term occurrence of coronary events. We investigated whether circulating inflammatory cell responsiveness to low-grade stimuli could contribute to the reported association between CRP and coronary events.We studied 32 patients with unstable angina who were followed for 24 months and were free of symptoms for 6 months (group 1): 19 patients had persistently high CRP levels (>0.3 mg/dL) (group 1A); 13 patients had normal CRP levels (group 1B). During the follow-up, 12 (63%) group 1A but no group 1B patients developed an infarction or recurrence of unstable angina (P<0.001). Eighteen patients with chronic stable angina (group 2) and 18 healthy subjects (group 3) were studied as controls. Interleukin (IL)-6 production (median, range) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 4 hours of in vitro stimulation with 1 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly higher in group 1A (4526 pg/mL, 3042 to 10 583 pg/mL) than in group 1B (1752 pg/mL, 75 to 3981 pg/mL), group 2 (707 pg/mL, 41 to 3275 pg/mL), and group 3 (488 pg/mL, 92 to 3503 pg/mL) (all P<0.001). No significant differences were observed among the other groups. IL-6 production after LPS-challenge was correlated with baseline CRP levels (r=0.42, P=0.005).Mononuclear cells of patients with recurrent phases of instability exhibit an enhanced production of IL-6 in response to low-dose of LPS, correlated with baseline CRP levels, 6 months after the last acute event. This persisting enhanced acute-phase responsiveness may help explain the association between CRP and acute coronary events.
Brain abnormalities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neuropsychological study
Authors: I Tracey, C.H Thompson, J.F Dunn, P.R.J Barnes, P Styles, G.J Kemp, C.D Rae, G.K Radda, M Pike, R.B Scott
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Manual vs Device-Assisted CPR
Authors: Roger J. Lewis, James T. Niemann
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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COLOSTOMY AND POSTERIOR RESECTION FOR CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM
Authors: FRED W. RANKIN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The evolution of the operative treatment of carcinoma of the rectum has established certain principles which, applied to a large group of cases, indicate that in the main two types of maneuver are most serviceable: the one-stage and the multiple-stage abdominoperineal operation. Experience has taught that the two cardinal fundamentals in dealing with carcinoma of the rectum are the establishment of an artificial anus and the removal of the local growth with wide dissection of the contiguous tissues, which are apt to be invaded by carcinoma, as well as the adjacent lymph nodes. The earlier operations for carcinoma of the rectum, neither of these principles being recognized, were, in reality, local cauterization or excision of the growth, and were in practically all instances followed by rapid and fatal recurrence. The establishment of an artificial anus, inguinal or through the rectus muscle, is advantageous from two standpoints: it permits of the