tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Oral Lichen Planus in an Ethnic Chinese Cohort of 232 Patients
Authors: Yu Zhou, Lu Jiang, Jie Liu, Xin Zeng, Qian‐ming Chen
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2010)

Oral lichen planush (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and has been reported to have a correlation with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in some regional investigations. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of HCV in patients with oral lichen planus in an ethnic ChineseThe antibody of HCV infection was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, the clinical characteristics of whole the cohort have also been studied, such as the gender, age, clinical type, habits and social factors.Of all 232 patients, the antibody of HCV infection was detected positive in 4 patients (1.72%) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was lower than that in control group of 2.5%, but not significant (P=0.309). The positive rate of HCV antibody in the erosive type ones (4.2%) was higher than that in the reticular type ones (1.0%), but this difference was proved to be not significant (P=0.389). The clinical characteristics of whole cohort, such as the gender, age, clinical type, habits and social factors, showed the outcome obtained in the present study were similar to thao of our previous study.HCV may play no etiological role in oral lichen planus in ethnic Chinese OLP patients.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: M. Kenton King, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The evolution of an acute inflammatory exudate produced in rabbits by the intraperitoneal injection of saline has been described. Evidence has been presented that polymorphonuclear leucocytes release endogenous pyrogen into the cell-free fluid of the exudate. Leucocytes from such exudates have also been shown to release pyrogen into the surrounding medium during incubation in vitro at 37 degrees C. The results of parallel cytological studies have provided evidence which suggests that the leucocytes give up their pyrogen while functionally intact. These observations add further support to the hypothesis that polymorphonuclear leucocytes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of fever.
Serum and Glucocorticoid-Responsive Kinase-1 Regulates Cardiomyocyte Survival and Hypertrophic Response
Authors: Takuma Aoyama, Takashi Matsui, Mikhail Novikov, Jongsun Park, Brian Hemmings, Anthony Rosenzweig
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Serum- and glucocorticoid-responsive kinase-1 (SGK1), a serine-threonine kinase that is highly expressed in the heart, has been previously reported to regulate sodium channels. Because SGK1 is a PI 3-kinase-dependent kinase with structural homology to Akt, we examined its regulation in the heart and its effects on cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis and hypertrophy in vitro.Rats were subjected to aortic banding, and expression of total and phosphorylated SGK1 was examined. Both phospho- and total SGK1 increased 2 to 7 days after banding. Phospho-SGK1 was also upregulated in CMs stimulated in vitro with IGF-I or phenylephrine. Infection of CMs with an adenoviral vector encoding constitutively active SGK1 (Ad.SGK1.CA) inhibited apoptosis after serum-deprivation or hypoxia (P<0.05), whereas expression of kinase-dead SGK1 (Ad.SGK1.KD) increased it and partially mitigated the protective effects of IGF-I (P<0.05). SGK1 activation was also sufficient to increase cell size, protein synthesis, sarcomere organization, and ANF expression both at baseline and in response to phenylephrine but was not necessary for the hypertrophic response to phenylephrine. Evaluation of potential downstream signaling pathways demonstrated that SGK1 induces phosphorylation of tuberin, p70s6kinase, and GSK3beta in CMs, which may contribute to its effects.SGK1 is dynamically regulated during acute biomechanical stress in the heart and inhibits CM apoptosis while enhancing the hypertrophic response.
Changes in fatal and near-fatal asthma in an urban area of South Africa from 1980–1997
Authors: H.J. Zar, D. Stickells, A. Toerien, D. Wilson, M. Klein, E.D. Bateman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Over the past two decades, changes in the health services designed to improve access to and quality of asthma care have occurred in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of fatal and near-fatal asthma (NFA) from 1980–1997 in an urban part of South Africa. A retrospective analysis of fatal asthma and NFA in the Cape Town City Council area was performed. Mortality data were obtained from death notification records. Data on NFA were obtained from the records of patients admitted for asthma to intensive care units (ICUs) at major academic hospitals serving the area. There were 1,506 deaths (mean age 56 yrs) from asthma reported; 39 and 3% occurred in people under 55 and 15 yrs, respectively. Average annual asthma mortality rate (8.1±1.9 per 100,000 population) was highest amongst people of mixed race (10.1±2.0), followed by Blacks (6.8±3.1) and Whites (5.0±1.9, p&lt;0.001). Asthma mortality declined by 0.28 deaths per 100,000 population per year; rates decreased in all ethnic groups. Most deaths (72.3%) were outside a health facility and a higher number of deaths occurred on weekends (223 deaths·day −1 ) than weekdays (207 deaths·day −1 , p=0.014). Paediatric asthma ICU admissions declined by 1.81 children·yr −1 . The annual number of adults admitted to ICU for asthma, and the proportion requiring intermittent positive pressure ventilation did not change. These results indicate that the incidence of fatal and near-fatal asthma in this area has declined over the period and this may reflect improved asthma management. However, the relatively high asthma mortality rate in people of mixed race and the predominance of deaths outside health facilities and on weekends suggest problems with access to care.
Risk of post-discharge venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty. Is prolonged thromboprophylaxis warranted or dangerous?
Authors: M T NURMOHAMED, W F LEMS, B A C DIJKMANS
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE)—that is, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)—are common complications after major hip or knee surgery. Without thromboprophylaxis, the incidence of DVT in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery is more than 50%, and fatal PE is reported to occur in 1–6% of these patients.1 These data are based on investigations in which predominantly osteoarthritis (OA) patients were studied. Only a few (small) studies were performed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients: Abernethy reports an incidence of DVT of more than 70% and overall incidence of PE of approximately 2% in RA patients who have undergone a knee arthroplasty,2 and Kelly reports, in his review,3 an incidence of fatal PE of approximately 1% in RA patients undergoing total hip replacement and not receiving thromboprophylaxis (table 1). The risk of developing DVT seems to be similar for RA patients undergoing total hip replacement and those undergoing knee replacement surgery.4

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Table 1 
Inhospital venous thromboembolism, without thromboprophylaxis, in major orthopaedic surgery patients



Data are conflicting regarding the risk for developing VTE for RA patients in comparison with OA patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. Similar incidences of VTE have been reported for OA patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery,5 6 whereas one large retrospective study indicated a possibly lower rate of thromboembolic complications in RA patients (table 1).7 In this investigation, inhospital morbidity and mortality of 721 RA patients and 8859 OA patients, who underwent an elective hip replacement operation, were analysed retrospectively. The incidence of thromboembolic events was 0.3% in the RA group versus 1.2% in the OA group (p = 0.07). At first sight, these very low incidences of VTE are remarkable, but they are probably related to a very short observation period and underdiagnosing, by only observing clinical VTE. Hence, the incidence of VTE …
Effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation preceding cognitive behavioural management for chronic low back pain: sham controlled double blinded randomised controlled trial
Authors: K. Luedtke, A. Rushton, C. Wright, T. Jurgens, A. Polzer, G. Mueller, A. May
Journal: BMJ (2015)

To evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural management in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.Double blind parallel group randomised controlled trial with six months' follow-up conducted May 2011-March 2013. Participants, physiotherapists, assessors, and analyses were blinded to group allocation.Interdisciplinary chronic pain centre.135 participants with non-specific chronic low back pain >12 weeks were recruited from 225 patients assessed for eligibility.Participants were randomised to receive anodal (20 minutes to motor cortex at 2 mA) or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (identical electrode position, stimulator switched off after 30 seconds) for five consecutive days immediately before cognitive behavioural management (four week multidisciplinary programme of 80 hours).Two primary outcome measures of pain intensity (0-100 visual analogue scale) and disability (Oswestry disability index) were evaluated at two primary endpoints after stimulation and after cognitive behavioural management.Analyses of covariance with baseline values (pain or disability) as covariates showed that transcranial direct current stimulation was ineffective for the reduction of pain (difference between groups on visual analogue scale 1 mm (99% confidence interval -8.69 mm to 6.3 mm; P=0.68)) and disability (difference between groups 1 point (-1.73 to 1.98; P=0.86)) and did not influence the outcome of cognitive behavioural management (difference between group 3 mm (-10.32 mm to 6.73 mm); P=0.58; difference between groups on Oswestry disability index 0 point (-2.45 to 2.62); P=0.92). The stimulation was well tolerated with minimal transitory side effects.This results of this trial on the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation for the reduction of pain and disability do not support its clinical use for managing non-specific chronic low back pain.Trial registration Current controlled trials ISRCTN89874874.
METRAZOL AS A DIAGNOSTIC AID IN EPILEPSY
Authors: H. H. GOLDSTEIN, J. WEINBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

Differences of convulsive reactivity are manifested when a stimulating agent to the central nervous system is given to a group of individuals. In 84 patients suffering from functional psychoses and with a standard dose of metrazol used as a stimulant, 1.19% developed a seizure. The one patient having a convulsion was quite possibly incorrectly diagnosed. Of 34 epileptic patients, 47.05 per cent developed seizures on a dose equal to that for schizophrenic and other patients. Patients developing grand mal seizures with a dose of five cubic centimeters or less per 100-pound body weight (45. 5 kilograms) have an increased irritability of the nervous system and epilepsy is to be suspected in the absence of any evidence of organic disease of the brain.
Effect of octreotide on gall stone prevalence and gall bladder motility in acromegaly.
Authors: S M Catnach, J V Anderson, P D Fairclough, R C Trembath, P A Wilson, E Parker, G M Besser, J A Wass
Journal: Gut (1993)

Octreotide therapy in acromegaly is associated with an increased prevalence of gall stones, which may be the result of an inhibition of gall bladder motility. Gall stone prevalence in untreated acromegalic patients relative to the general population is unknown, however, and the presence of gall stones and gall bladder motility in these patients and in acromegalic patients receiving octreotide was therefore examined. Thirty four percent of 39 patients who had taken octreotide for a mean of 20 months had gall stones compared with 16% of 38 patients who had not been treated with octreotide (p &lt; 0.005). In a subgroup of 21 patients studied prospectively over 4 to 18 months, two patients developed stones. No patient had symptoms referrable to their gall stones. In 31 untreated acromegalic patients, the mean fasting gall bladder volume was similar to that in normal subjects. Maximal percentage emptying, however, was impaired (34 v 64%, p &lt; 0.001) and the mean postprandial residual gall bladder volume increased (21.7 v 9.0 ml, p &lt; 0.001). Treatment with octreotide increased the mean postprandial residual volume further to 36.8 ml (p &lt; 0.001). Gall bladder emptying in untreated acromegalic subjects is impaired. Octreotide further increases postprandial residual gall bladder volume and this may be a factor in the increased gall stone prevalence seen in these patients.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF SALMON PATCHES IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE.
Authors: M. A. SMITH, P. A. MANFIELD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article THE NATURAL HISTORY OF SALMON PATCHES IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE. Get access M. A. SMITH, M. A. SMITH St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. A. MANFIELD P. A. MANFIELD St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 1, 1 January 1962, Pages 31–33, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13908.x Published: 01 January 1962
Regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by macrophage activation.
Authors: W A Scott, N A Pawlowski, H W Murray, M Andreach, J Zrike, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Levels of zymosan-induced arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism by peritoneal macrophages elicited with inflammatory agents and resident macrophages were similar. Thyioglycollate (THIO)-elicited macrophages represented the exception; however, the diminished metabolism by these cells was reproduced by exposing resident cells to 5 mg/ml THIO broth in vitro. In contrast, reduced prostaglandin synthesis by macrophages from mice variously treated with the immunologic agents, Corynebacterium parvum or Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG), closely correlated with enhanced antitoxoplasma activity, one measure of macrophage activation. This relationship, although not causative, suggested that the capacity for 20:4 metabolism is a function of the macrophage activation state. Modulation of macrophage 20:4 metabolism in vivo apparently required factors in addition to lymphocyte-derived products. Treatment of resident macrophages in vitro with BCG lymphokine was without effect on 20:4 release or prostaglandin synthesis. Activated macrophages from animals inoculated i.p. with C. parvum exhibited reduced 20:4 release and also failed to metabolize 70% of the 20:4 released in response to a zymosan stimulus. Consequently, the quantities of 20:4 metabolites formed were significantly less than expected from 20:4 release. These activated macrophages displayed greatly reduced synthesis of prostacylcin and leukotriene C compared with other 20:4 metabolites. It appeared that factors that regulate macrophage 20:4 metabolism influence the level of the inducible phospholipase and synthetic enzymes for specific 20:4 oxygenated products.
Calcific tendonitis of the quadriceps
Authors: B Varghese, G S Radcliffe, C Groves
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

The case reported is of a 46 year old male who presented with a history of acute on chronic knee pain. The clinical features and investigations suggested a tear of the quadriceps tendon, with pre-existing chronic calcific enthesopathy. The operative findings were of an acute collection of calcific material within the quadriceps tendon. This acute presentation and calcific collection have not previously been reported in the quadriceps tendon.
GnRH-analogues and oral contraceptives for fertility preservation in women during chemotherapy
Authors: Z. Blumenfeld, M. von Wolff
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2008)

For preserving fertility in women during chemotherapy, the character of invasive techniques, such as ovarian cryopreservation and other techniques, await further experience. Meanwhile, non-invasive techniques have attempted to minimize the gonadotoxic effect of chemotherapy, by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-analogues (GnRH-a) or oral contraceptives (OC). We performed a computerized MEDLINE search to identify articles published on fertility preservation using GnRH-a or OCs. Nine human-controlled studies reported the use of GnRH-a and four reported the use of OCs in parallel to chemotherapy. All nine studies analysing the effect of GnRH-a found lower rates of premature ovarian failure (POF) in patients receiving GnRH-a compared with the controls. Summarizing the studies resulted in 11.1% incidence of POF in patients who received GnRH-a compared with 55.5% incidence in the controls. Evidence using the fertility preserving effect of OC is limited. Two studies showed lower POF rates in OC-treated patients. The summarized data revealed a POF rate of 13.2% in patients who received OCs compared with that of 29.8% in the controls. The published clinical studies provide evidence, but do not prove statistically, that GnRH-a co-treatment reduces gonadotoxicity. Owing to the retrospective and non-randomized nature of most of the studies, definite conclusions concerning the reduction of POF by GnRH-a can still not be unequivocally drawn. As GnRH-a and OC have no serious side effects and as GnRH-a can even reduce chemotherapy-induced complications, such as severe menometrorrhagia, GnRH-a are considered by many clinicians as a clinically useful co-treatment in chemotherapy. The published clinical studies on OC also suggest a possible effect on the reduction of POF under certain conditions.
Increased Susceptibility of the Heart to Ventricular Fibrillation During Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: PAUL H. GERST, WILLIAM H. FLEMING, JAMES R. MALM
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Alterations of acid-base balance, clearly defined as metabolic or respiratory in origin, were produced in anesthetized dogs; ventricular fibrillation thresholds were determined during these conditions. During metabolic acidosis, we found that the heart became more susceptible to ventricular fibrillation, as indicated by a decrease in the ventricular fibrillation threshold value. During metabolic alkalosis, the threshold to ventricular fibrillation increased. In contrast, similar variations in pH owing to respiratory acidosis and alkalosis did not affect the ventricular fibrillation threshold. Hyperventilation in dogs with metabolic acidosis, even though resulting in alkaline arterial blood pH, did not protect the hearts from the increased susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation which existed as long as a base deficit was present. These results indicate that the heart is more susceptible to ventricular fibrillation during acidosis caused by metabolic factors and that primary variations in carbon dioxide tension have no such effect. Our study on dogs, under controlled conditions, provides experimental evidence in support of clinical experience which suggests that metabolic acidosis predisposes the heart to ventricular fibrillation.
Dextromethorphan reduces oxidative stress and inhibits atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice
Authors: S.-L. Liu, Y.-H. Li, G.-Y. Shi, S.-H. Tang, S.-J. Jiang, C.-W. Huang, P.-Y. Liu, J.-S. Hong, H.-L. Wu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsMacrophage-related oxidative stress plays an important role in the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis. Recently, dextromethorphan (DXM), a common cough-suppressing ingredient with a high safety profile, was found to inhibit the activation of microglia, the resident macrophage in the nervous system. We investigated whether DXM could reduce macrophage production of cytokines and superoxide and the resultant influence on atherosclerosis formation in mice.
Phase I Trial of Intraperitoneal Administration of an Oncolytic Measles Virus Strain Engineered to Express Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Evanthia Galanis, Lynn C. Hartmann, William A. Cliby, Harry J. Long, Prema P. Peethambaram, Brigitte A. Barrette, Judith S. Kaur, Paul J. Haluska, Ileana Aderca, Paula J. Zollman, Jeff A. Sloan, Gary Keeney, Pamela J. Atherton, Karl C. Podratz, Sean C. Dowdy, C. Robert Stanhope, Timothy O. Wilson, Mark J. Federspiel, Kah-Whye Peng, Stephen J. Russell
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Edmonston vaccine strains of measles virus (MV) have shown significant antitumor activity in preclinical models of ovarian cancer. We engineered MV to express the marker peptide carcinoembryonic antigen (MV-CEA virus) to also permit real-time monitoring of viral gene expression in tumors in the clinical setting. Patients with Taxol and platinum-refractory recurrent ovarian cancer and normal CEA levels were eligible for this phase I trial. Twenty-one patients were treated with MV-CEA i.p. every 4 weeks for up to 6 cycles at seven different dose levels (10(3)-10(9) TCID(50)). We observed no dose-limiting toxicity, treatment-induced immunosuppression, development of anti-CEA antibodies, increase in anti-MV antibody titers, or virus shedding in urine or saliva. Dose-dependent CEA elevation in peritoneal fluid and serum was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of patient tumor specimens revealed overexpression of measles receptor CD46 in 13 of 15 patients. Best objective response was dose-dependent disease stabilization in 14 of 21 patients with a median duration of 92.5 days (range, 54-277 days). Five patients had significant decreases in CA-125 levels. Median survival of patients on study was 12.15 months (range, 1.3-38.4 months), comparing favorably to an expected median survival of 6 months in this patient population. Our findings indicate that i.p. administration of MV-CEA is well tolerated and results in dose-dependent biological activity in a cohort of heavily pretreated recurrent ovarian cancer patients.
Germline Polymorphisms in <i>RNF31</i> Regulate Linear Ubiquitination and Oncogenic Signaling
Authors: Paolo Grumati, Ivan Dikic
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

A new study proposes that the cancerous behavior of B cells in a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is caused by excessive activity of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) complex, which underlies abnormal NF-κB signaling. Two rare germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the RNF31 gene have been identified as being responsible. The use of a small inhibiting peptide may downregulate the abnormal LUBAC activity and counteract neoplastic cell growth.
INDUCTION OF B-TYPE RECEPTORS FOR PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR IN VASCULAR INFLAMMATION: POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF VASCULAR PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS
Authors: Kristofer Rubin, Anders Tingström, Göran K Hansson, Erik Larsson, Lars Rönnstrand, Lars Klareskog, Lena Claesson-Welsh, Carl-Henrik Heldin, Bengt Fellström, Louis Terracio
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Ursodeoxycholic acid increases the more active isoform of methionine adenosyltransferase, a key enzyme in hepatic glutathione production
Authors: R. Cincu, C.M. Rodríguez-Ortigosa, F. Ruiz, M.A. Avila, J. Quiroga, J.M. Mato, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)