tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Postangioplasty β-Irradiation on Endothelial Function in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Eric Thorin, David Meerkin, Olivier F. Bertrand, Patrice Paiement, Michel Joyal, Raoul Bonan
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Postangioplasty (PTCA) intracoronary radiation therapy (ICRT) has been demonstrated to limit restenosis. The consequences of these procedures on coronary reactivity are unknown.Porcine coronary arteries were studied after PTCA immediately (n=5) and 6 weeks (n=5) after ICRT (n=5 and 5, respectively), after combined PTCA+ICRT (n=5 and 7, respectively), and after no intervention (n=11). A 3-cm-long source train of Sr/Y(90) was used in vivo to deliver 16 Gy at a depth of 2 mm from the source center, as used in clinical trials. Arterial rings were mounted on myographs to record isometric tension. After achieving steady-state contraction to depolarizing physiological solution containing 40 mmol/L KCl, measured baseline tension was significantly elevated immediately after all interventions. It returned to normal levels 6 weeks after PTCA and ICRT alone but was significantly reduced if combined. Active contractions induced by 40 mmol/L KCl were maintained after combined therapy both immediately after and at 6 weeks. In these depolarizing conditions, nitric oxide-dependent relaxation to substance P was trivial after PTCA+ICRT and reduced after ICRT, whereas in the presence of physiological solution and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine, substance P-induced relaxation was reduced after PTCA and abolished after PTCA+ICRT 6 weeks after intervention. In rings without endothelium, the relaxation mediated by sodium nitroprusside (0.1 micromol/L) was reduced immediately after PTCA and at 6 weeks.PTCA+ICRT altered the passive mechanical properties of porcine coronary arterial wall. Furthermore, at 6 weeks, receptor-operated release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor was reduced by ICRT and PTCA alone, respectively, and was prevented by their combination.
Balloon Dilation of Severe Aortic Stenosis in the Fetus
Authors: Wayne Tworetzky, Louise Wilkins-Haug, Russell W. Jennings, Mary E. van der Velde, Audrey C. Marshall, Gerald R. Marx, Steven D. Colan, Carol B. Benson, James E. Lock, Stanton B. Perry
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Preventing the progression of fetal aortic stenosis (AS) to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) requires identification of fetuses with salvageable left hearts who would progress to HLHS if left untreated, a successful in utero valvotomy, and demonstration that a successful valvotomy promotes left heart growth in utero. Fetuses meeting the first criterion are undefined, and previous reports of fetal AS dilation have not evaluated the impact of intervention on in utero growth of left heart structures.We offered fetal AS dilation to 24 mothers whose fetuses had AS. At least 3 echocardiographers assigned a high probability that all 24 fetuses would progress to HLHS if left untreated. Twenty (21 to 29 weeks' gestation) underwent attempted AS dilation, with technical success in 14. Ideal fetal positioning for cannula puncture site and course of the needle (with or without laparotomy) proved to be necessary for procedural success. Serial fetal echocardiograms after intervention demonstrated growth arrest of the left heart structures in unsuccessful cases and in those who declined the procedure, while ongoing left heart growth was seen in successful cases. Resumed left heart growth led to a 2-ventricle circulation at birth in 3 babies.Fetal echocardiography can identify midgestation fetuses with AS who are at high risk for developing HLHS. Timely and successful aortic valve dilation requires ideal fetal and cannula positioning, prevents left heart growth arrest, and may result in normal ventricular anatomy and function at birth.
Familial Fatal Varicella
Authors: Ernest B. Hook
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Five children in a family contracted chickenpox during a two-week interval and two died. Clinical observations suggested that both fatalities were due to chickenpox pneumonia and this was confirmed by necropsy study of one patient. In addition, a clinical pattern compatible with varicella pneumonia developed in another sibling who survived. The other two experienced benign illnesses. The children were between the ages of 2 and 10 years. The deaths occurred in a 9-year-old boy and a 6-year-old girl. All children in the family were in good health prior to the varicella-zoster viral infection with the exception of recent intrafamilial rubella. Study of the parents and surviving children failed to reveal an obvious immunologic deficit.
The Effects of Bone Erosion From Aortic Aneurysm on the Regional Uptake of FDG
Authors: Julie Louring-Andersen, Ian Law
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 71-year-old white man with a known right-sided apical nonsmall cell lung carcinoma was referred for a F-18 FDG whole body PET-CT examination after chemotherapy before radiotherapy. A staging CT scan had revealed an asymptomatic fusiform 65 mm in diameter nondissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta just below the carina. An abnormal crescent-shaped uptake was identified at the margin between the aneurysm and the adjacent thoracic vertebral bodies. At this site a correspondingly shaped bone erosion on CT was proof of the chronic effects of the aneurysm. There were no signs of regional inflammation or malignancy. The FDG uptake was interpreted as evidence of ongoing nonmalignant bone remodeling secondary to the pulsating pressure of the aneurysm. This case demonstrates a potential pitfall in the interpretation of bone associated foci using FDG PET, and once again underlines the importance of correlated anatomic imaging for appropriate clinical management.
Renal Artery Revascularization
Authors: John A. Libertino
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Fifteen patients with nonfunctioning kidneys and complete main or segmental renal artery occlusion that was discovered on angiographic investigation for hypertension underwent renal artery revascularization. Renal blood flow was restored in all patients. Of these patients, 13 experienced excellent recovery of renal function, one patient had slight return of function, and one patient showed no evidence of improvement. Histologic evidence of intact viable glomeruli, angiographic appearance of collateral circulation, and the presence of proximal occlusion with a patent distal renal artery were necessary for successful results. Revascularization of the ischemic nonfunctioning kidney with restoration of renal function is preferable to nephrectomy when all appropriate criteria are satisfied. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1340-1342, 1980)
Foreign doctors win High Court challenge over training places
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Guidance from the Department of Health that makes it harder for doctors who trained abroad to compete with UK medical graduates for NHS training posts was ruled “unlawful and of no effect” by the Court of Appeal last week.

Lords Justices Sedley, Maurice Kay, and Rimer ruled that a government department could not impose restrictions unsanctioned by parliament which went further than the immigration rules.

The guidance to NHS employers was that doctors on the highly skilled migrant programme (HSMP) whose leave to remain in the United Kingdom was due to expire before the end date of any training post on offer, should be offered the post only if there were no suitable UK or EU candidates. The guidance was first challenged earlier this year …
Steroid naive eosinophilic asthma: anti-inflammatory effects of fluticasone and montelukast
Authors: L Jayaram
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists reduce airway eosinophilia and have been used as first line anti-inflammatory therapy for mild persistent asthma. <b>Methods:</b> A multicentre, randomised, placebo controlled, parallel group study was performed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of fluticasone propionate and montelukast as measured by sputum eosinophils in 50 adults with symptomatic steroid naive asthma and sputum eosinophilia of ⩾3.5%. <b>Results:</b> Eighteen patients received low dose fluticasone (250 μg/day), 19 received montelukast (10 mg/day), and 13 were given placebo for 8 weeks. Fluticasone treatment resulted in a greater reduction in sputum eosinophils (geometric mean (SD) 11.9 (2.3)% to 1.7 (5.1)%) than montelukast (10.7 (2.3)% to 6.9 (3.8)%; p = 0.04) or placebo (15.4 (2.4)% to 7.8 (4.2)%; p = 0.002), and improvement in FEV<sub>1</sub> (mean (SD) 2.6 (0.9) l to 3.0 (0.9) l) than montelukast (2.8 (0.7) l to 2.8 (0.9) l; p = 0.02) or placebo (2.4 (0.8) l to 2.4 (0.9) l; p = 0.01). Treatment with fluticasone suppressed sputum eosinophilia within a week while montelukast only attenuated it. The effect of montelukast was maximal at 1 week and was maintained over 4 weeks. The effect of fluticasone was maintained over 8 weeks while that of montelukast was not. <b>Conclusions:</b> Montelukast is not as effective as low dose fluticasone in reducing or maintaining an anti-inflammatory effect in steroid naïve eosinophilic asthma.
745-3 New Observations in Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Luz-Maria Rodriguez, Joep L.R.M. Smeets, Yash Lokhandwala, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Helen Hatzinikolaou, Georgios Grecas, Albert Meyer, Jeronimo Farré, Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Genetic determinants of ulcerative colitis include the ECM1 locus and five loci implicated in Crohn's disease
Authors: Sheila A Fisher, Mark Tremelling, Carl A Anderson, Rhian Gwilliam, Suzannah Bumpstead, Natalie J Prescott, Elaine R Nimmo, Dunecan Massey, Carlo Berzuini, Christopher Johnson, Jeffrey C Barrett, Fraser R Cummings, Hazel Drummond, Charlie W Lees, Clive M Onnie, Catherine E Hanson, Katarzyna Blaszczyk, Mike Inouye, Philip Ewels, Radhi Ravindrarajah, Andrew Keniry, Sarah Hunt, Martyn Carter, Nick Watkins, Willem Ouwehand, Cathryn M Lewis, Lon Cardon, Alan Lobo, Alastair Forbes, Jeremy Sanderson, Derek P Jewell, John C Mansfield, Panos Deloukas, Christopher G Mathew, Miles Parkes, Jack Satsangi
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis
Authors: John P. Tampas
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Infantile cortical hyperostosis was first described and named by Caffey and Silverman in 1945.4Smyth, Potter, and Silverman12described a similar group of cases in a separate and independent report the next year. These reports stimulated a great deal of interest in the disease, and by 1952 there were over 100 case reports in the literature. It soon became apparent that infantile cortical hyperostosis, rarely recognized before its description in 1945, was now diagnosed and reported with increasing frequency. Yet, although the number of cases of infantile cortical hyperostosis seems to be increasing, and in spite of the fact that the disease is recognized in pediatric practice so commonly that only cases of unusual interest are now being published, our experience of having observed 11 cases in 2 generations of one family reveals that much is still to be learned about this interesting entity.  Clinical Picture  The
Dissecting the NHS bonanza.
Authors: J. Appleby
Journal: BMJ (1988)

combination chemotherapy as a proportion probably have germ cell tumours and may be cured.' "The main task of doctors is to recognise what is treatable.Germ cell tumours in men deserve a higher profile both with the public and with doctors in all specialties.The maxim "exclude lymphoma" should be supplemented by "Could this be a germ cell tumour?"
1077. Phase I Clinical Trial of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV)-Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Vectors
Authors: Mark L. Brantly, Margaret Humphries, Sihong Song, Thomas Conlon, Amy Poirier, Barry J. Byrne, Richard Snyder, Terence R. Flotte
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Introduction: Several groups have demonstrated that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are capable of sustained expression of therapeutic proteins when administered to skeletal muscle. In the case of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, a single injection of a rAAV2 vector in mice resulted in sustained AAT secretion at levels that would be therapeutic for prevention of lung disease in humans suffering from this disorder (11|[mu]|M, approximately 800 mg/ml or 80 mg/dl). There is currently no definitive therapy for these patients, since the licensed protein replacement products are in short supply and require weekly intravenous infusions. Recently, we completed the ongoing preclinical testing (mouse, rabbit, and primate) of the rAAV2-AAT vector in muscle, completed clinical grade production of rAAV2-AAT, and initiated a phase I clinical trial of rAAV-AAT gene therapy in patients with AAT deficiency. MEHODS: The trial is an open-labeled, single administration study being performed in a total of 12 adult AAT-deficient patients with mild to moderate lung disease. Four cohorts of three subjects each are being used with a dose escalation between cohorts. The dosages for the four cohorts range from 2.1 |[times]| 1012 vector genomes (vg) per patient to 6.9 |[times]| 1013 vg/patient. Subjects are screened and allowed a 28-day period for washout of their protein replacement. An ultrasound-guided injection technique is used to avoid inadvertent intravascular injection. The primary endpoints of the study assess safety with examinations of the injection site, hematology, chemistry, coagulation studies, and pulmonary function tests. Biological activity of the vector is primarily assessed by detection in the serum of normal M-variant AAT protein by an isoelectric focusing gel/ immunoblot technique. Serum is also assayed for antibodies to rAAV2 capsid and to AAT. Blood and semen DNA are also being assayed for vector DNA sequences.
Pediatric Seizure Drugs Tested
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expression and Localization of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Ligand and Receptor Protein During Acute and Chronic Rejection of Rat Cardiac Allografts
Authors: Karl B. Lemström, Petri K. Koskinen
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The molecular mechanisms of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remain largely unknown. Using rat cardiac allografts, we examined by immunohistochemistry the expression and localization of platelet-derived growth factor ligand (PDGF-AA and -BB) and receptor (Rα and Rβ) proteins during acute and chronic rejection. Methods and Results In acute rejection, a prominent induction of both PDGF ligand and receptor proteins occurred in the interstitial mononuclear inflammatory cells ( P &lt;.05), most of which were ED1-immunoreactive. PDGF-Rβ was also induced in the capillary endothelium ( P &lt;.01). In cardiac allografts with severe intimal thickening, PDGF-AA expression was localized to the media and intima, whereas PDGF-BB expression was less prominent and was detected mainly in interstitial ED1-immunoreactive inflammatory cells. Double staining revealed that intimal cells expressing PDGF-AA were α-smooth muscle actin–positive but also α-smooth muscle actin–negative myofibroblast-like cells and to a lesser extent, ED1-immunoreactive cells. Both PDGF-Rα and -Rβ expression occurred in intimal, arterial endothelial, and interstitial mononuclear inflammatory cells. High-dose cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment significantly reduced both PDGF-AA and PDGF-Rα expression in intimal cells. Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed that PDGF-AA, PDGF-Rα, and PDGF-Rβ expression in intimal cells and PDGF-BB expression in interstitial mononuclear inflammatory cells correlated with intimal thickening. Conclusions Alloimmune injury induces the expression of PDGF ligands, especially of PDGF-AA, in the graft vasculature and sufficient immunosuppression with CsA suppresses the expression of PDGF and inhibits the development of CAV. PDGF may have a substantial role in the regulation of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in an autocrine or paracrine manner during the development of CAV.
The Hyperviscosity Syndrome
Authors: Michael C. Perry
Journal: JAMA (1976)

DISORDERS that simultaneously involve several organ systems can produce confusing clinical pictures, and the combination of oronasal bleeding, visual impairment, and altered sensorium is particularly striking in this regard. Nevertheless, this is the picture that can be produced by an increased serum viscosity.<sup>1,2</sup>The bleeding characteristically occurs from the nose, mouth, or gums but may stem from the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. Postoperative oozing is also common. Ocular symptoms range from partial to complete loss of vision due to retinal hemorrhages, venous changes, or even papilledema. The neurologic disturbances, often known as the Bing-Neel syndrome, include headache, dizziness, true vertigo, deafness, nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, paresthesias, and postural hypotension. Less often, congestive heart failure or renal impairment is seen. The main cause of the hyperviscosity syndrome is increased viscosity of the serum (as in macroglobulinemia or myeloma), although increased numbers of cells (polycythemia or leukemia) or increased resistance of cells
Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: a large trial to assess the effects of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure
Authors: Luigi Tavazzi, Gianni Tognoni, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Roberto Latini, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Roberto Marchioli, Gian Luigi Nicolosi, Maurizio Porcu
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
Long-term outcome of intravenous therapy with rituximab in patients with primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas
Authors: A. Brandenburg, D. Humme, D. Terhorst, S. Gellrich, W. Sterry, M. Beyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Background The monoclonal antibody rituximab directed against the B-cell antigen CD20 was approved for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and maintenance therapy in follicular lymphomas more than a decade ago. However, median follow-up in case series of intravenous rituximab therapy in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL) lasts only up to 3 years. We retrospectively analysed a cohort of CBCL patients treated with rituximab to gain more long term information. Patients and methods Eighteen patients, treated intravenously with rituximab for a primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma [follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL), n = 11; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCLBCL, leg type), n = 5; marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL), n = 2] were included. The response rate (RR), time to relapse (TTR), and course of the disease after treatment were analysed. Results The overall RR was 89% (16 of 18 patients). Within the median follow-up time of 52 months, 81% (13 of 16) of patients experienced a relapse; the median TTR was 25 months. The duration of remission was significantly shorter in patients presenting with generalized skin lesions at start of therapy. Both nonresponding patients suffered from PCLBCL, leg type, with extracutaneous manifestations. In responders severe adverse events, the occurrence of extracutaneous dissemination or nodal lymphomas were not observed during follow-up. Conclusions Therapy with rituximab is effective and safe for the treatment of PCFCL, but relapses, in particular in patients with generalized skin involvement, are commonly observed. However, all patients with relapses responded well to treatment and therefore maintenance therapy does not seem to be indicated. Patients with PCLBCL, leg type, should receive chemotherapy in addition to rituximab.
Association of the Eosinophilia–Myalgia Syndrome with the Ingestion of Tryptophan
Authors: Philip A. Hertzman, William L. Blevins, James Mayer, Bruce Greenfield, Marilyn Ting, Gerald J. Gleich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We report on a series of three patients with an unusual syndrome of eosinophilia and myalgia associated with the oral ingestion of tryptophan that was recognized in New Mexico in October 1989. All three patients, who were women 37 to 44 years of age, had severe muscle pain, muscle weakness, mouth ulcers, and striking eosinophilia (more than 8×109 cells per liter). Other manifestations included fever, abdominal pain, dyspnea, skin rash, and elevated serum concentrations of aminotransferase and aldolase.
NNT is highly misleading when assessing chronic disease prevention
Authors: T. E. Strandberg
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The use of absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat (NNT) instead of relative risk reduction (RRR) has been advocated when communicating the effect of various treatments to patients.1 2 However, the use of NNT in the prevention of chronic disease may be highly misleading and may underestimate long term benefits.

In a hypothetical primary prevention trial …
Local delivery of lipid-complexed oligonucleotide to balloon-injured pig coronary arteries: Radiolabelling pharmacokinetic and correlative fluorescence microscopic analysis
Authors: Keith A. Robinson, Nicolas A.F. Chronos, Elisabeth Schieffer, Spencer J. Palmer, Gustavo D. Cipolla, Peter G. Milner, Spencer B. King
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Treatment of acne with isotretinoin
Authors: A.J. Miller, D.H. Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Treatment of acne with isotretinoin Get access A.J. Miller, A.J. Miller Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.H. Jones D.H. Jones Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 6, 1 December 1984, Page 736, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb14157.x Published: 01 December 1984
Serum Heat-Stable Lactate Dehydrogenase in the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Theodore Peters
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), heatstable LDH (HLDH), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were compared in 12 diagnostic categories. The measurement of HLDH was found to be a simple means of increasing the accuracy of the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and of helping to separate this diagnosis from associated conditions such as superimposed liver damage related to pulmonary infarction or congestive failure. An elevated HLDH level together with a heat-stable to total LDH ratio above 0.5 gives a high probability of the occurrence of myocardial infarction in a relevant clinical setting.