tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment on trabecular bone in involutional osteoporosis: a multicentre trial.
Authors: J Reeve, P J Meunier, J A Parsons, M Bernat, O L Bijvoet, P Courpron, C Edouard, L Klenerman, R M Neer, J C Renier, D Slovik, F J Vismans, J T Potts
Journal: BMJ (1980)

After baseline studies, 21 patients with osteoporosis were treated with human parathyroid hormone fragment (PTH 1-34) given as once-daily subcutaneous injections for 6-24 months. The dose used did not cause hypercalcaemia even in the first few hours after injection. Calcium and phosphate balances improved in some patients, but there was no significant improvement in the group values. There were, however, substantial increases in iliac trabecular bone volume: the mean increase, confirmed by repeat blind measurements, was 70% above mean baseline volume. The new bone was histologically normal. Those patients who had the largest increases in 47Ca-kinetic and histomorphometric indices of new bone formation showed the greatest increases in trabecular bone volume, suggesting that treatment with human parathyroid hormone fragment caused a dissociation between formation and resorption rates that was confined to trabecular bone. Since vertebrae are four-fifths composed of trabecular bone, this hormone fragment may prove useful in treating patients with the crush fracture syndrome.
The Role of the Heart in Shock
Authors: Richard J. Bing
Journal: JAMA (1962)

FOR MANY YEARS the heart has been implicated as an important factor in the production of irreversible shock. In 1942 Wiggers and Werle<sup>1</sup>noticed that during the terminal stages of hemorrhagic shock effective atrial pressure rose while arterial pressure fell. This was interpreted as signifying myocardial insufficiency. Kondo and Katz in 1945 produced shock by venous occlusion of the hind limbs and found a consistent decline in heart size which was explained as the result of diminution in venous return.<sup>2</sup>In 1944, Kohlstaedt and Page noticed that after an initial diminution in the size of the heart, progressive bleeding led to an increase in both the systolic and diastolic size of the heart.<sup>3</sup>Apparently, the stroke volume was diminished, while the residual volume of the heart increased. Wiggers in extensive studies on hemorrhagic shock concluded that deterioration of myocardial expulsive power contributed to the progressive circulatory failure
Effect of homoeopathy on pain and other events after acute trauma: placebo controlled trial with bilateral oral surgery
Authors: P. Lokken, P. A. Straumsheim, D. Tveiten, P. Skjelbred, C. F. Borchgrevink
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine whether homoeopathy has any effect on pain and other inflammatory events after surgery. <b>Design</b>: Randomised double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial with “identical” oral surgical procedures performed on two separate occasions in 24 patients. <b>Interventions</b>: Treatment started 3 hours after surgery with either homoeopathy or placebo. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Postoperative pain and preference for postoperative course assessed by patients on visual analogue scales. Measurements of postoperative swelling and reduction in ability to open mouth. Assessment of bleeding after surgery. <b>Results</b>: Pain after surgery was essentially the same whether treated with homoeopathy or placebo. Postoperative swelling was not significantly affected by homoeopathy, but treatment tended to give less reduction in ability to open mouth. No noticeable difference was seen in postoperative bleeding, side effects, or complaints. Thirteen of the 24 patients preferred the postoperative course with placebo. <b>Conclusions</b>: No positive evidence was found for efficacy of homoeopathic treatment on pain and other inflammatory events after an acute soft tissue and bone injury inflicted by a surgical intervention. Differences in the order of 30% to 40% would have been needed to show significant effects. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages This crossover trial studied the effects of homoeopathy on pain and other events of removal of impacted wisdom teeth Remarkably similar assessments of pain were observed with homoeopathy and placebo No positive evidence could be found for homoeopathic effects
Unraveling the chronic toxicity of lead: an essential priority for environmental health.
Authors: A C Todd, J G Wetmur, J M Moline, J H Godbold, S M Levin, P J Landrigan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Although population exposure to lead has declined, chronic lead toxicity remains a major public health problem in the United States affecting millions of children and adults. Important gaps exist in knowledge of the pathophysiology of chronic lead intoxication. These gaps have impeded development of control strategies. To close current gaps in knowledge of chronic lead toxicity, we propose an integrated, multidisciplinary, marker-based research program. This program combines a) direct measurement of individual lead burden by 109Cd X-ray fluorescence analysis of lead in bone, b) determination of ALA-D phenotype, an index of individual susceptibility to lead, and c) assessments of subclinical injury produced by lead in the kidneys, nervous system and, reproductive organs. Data from this research will provide answers to questions of great public health importance: a) Are current environmental and occupational standards adequate to prevent chronic lead intoxication? b) is lead mobilized from the skeleton during pregnancy or lactation to cause fetal toxicity? c) Is lead mobilized from bone during menopause to cause neurotoxicity? d) What is the significance of genetic variation in determining susceptibility to lead? e) What is the contribution of lead to hypertension, renal disease, chronic neurodegenerative disease or declining sperm counts? f) Is chelation therapy effective in reducing body lead burden in persons with chronic overexposure to lead?
1131-150 Right ventricular dysfunction on preoperative transesophageal echocardiography predicted poor outcomes of cardiac surgery
Authors: Svetlana Barbarash, Craig Saunders, Ravi Karanam, Thomas Prendergast, Daniel Goldstein, Fred Sardari, Paul Burns, Simon Cheung, Marc Cohen, Chunguang Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A Lecture ON THERAPEUTIC INOCULATIONS OF BACTERIAL VACCINES. AND THEIR PRACTICAL EXPLOITATION IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE: Delivered at the Medical Graduates' College and Polyclinic
Authors: A. E. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1903)

THE therapeutic method which I propose to consider with You to-day is a method as yet almost unexploited.None the Tess it is a method which is, if I am not mistaken, destined to revolutionize our ordinary practice in dealing with localized bacterial invasions.In dealing with these our treatment has in the past consisted in making repeated applications of anti- septics or, in the case where this is impractlcable, extirpating the seat of infection.The time will come when, before embarking on either of these methods of treatment, and above all before acquiescing in a policy of leaving the bacterial invasion unchecked, an .endeavourwill be made in every case to arrest the invasion and to prevent its recurrence by calling into action the forces of resistance which lie latent in the organism.The physician of the future will, I foresee, take upon himself the r8le of an immunizator.Defore developing my ideas in a more concrete form, and pointing out where the opportunities already lie for the exploitation of methods of immunization, it will be essential for us to obtain a clear conception of the immunizing reaction which is initiated by the inoculation of a vaccine.And we may group together under the appellation of vaccines attenuated living cultures of micro-organismsf sterilized cul- tures, and derivatives of such cultures.It will be convenient, at the outset, to discriminate from the more complicated processes associated with actual disease the simpler reactions evoked by such vaccines.Let us note that in actual disease we have to deal with a reaction of im-2munity hampered and often frustrated by jprocesses of necrosis and cell degeneration induced by the action of the bacterial toxins.In the case of properly-conducted vaccination pro- .cedures,we have to deal with processes of immunization un- -complicated and unfrustrated.It is with these immunizing
Lead-Induced Inclusion Bodies: Composition and Probable Role in Lead Metabolism
Authors: John F. Moore, Robert A. Goyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Lead-induced inclusion bodies in renal tubular cells of rats have been studied in vitro after isolation by differential centrifugation. The inclusion bodies are insoluble in physiological media but may be dissolved in denaturants like 6M urea and sodium deoxycholate. They contain about 40–50 μg of lead/mg protein, but only about 10% of this is tightly bound. They also contain calcium, iron, zinc, copper, and cadmium. The protein is rich in glutamic and aspartic acids, glycine and cystine. When dissolved in 6M urea, the protein migrates as a single band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis and has a molecular weight of 27,500. It is suggested that the inclusion bodies function as an intracellular depot of nondiffusible lead. Further studies have been directed toward finding a free, unaggregated lead-containing protein fraction. Nuclear proteins from kidneys of lead-toxic rats were separated into NaCl-, Tris-, and NaOH-soluble fractions and an insoluble acidic fraction. A quantitatively small lead-containing protein was found in the 0.14M NaCl fraction. Amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, and ability to bind lead are similar to those of insoluble inclusion body protein. The possible role of this soluble lead-binding protein in the formation of nuclear inclusion bodies is at present time not certain. These studies do suggest, however, that protein-bound lead in renal tubular cells may be partitioned between insoluble and nondiffusible morphologically discrete inclusion bodies and a soluble, extractable fraction which is presumably diffusable.
Two-Stage Tuberculin Skin Testing in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Carol T. Webster, Fred M. Gordin, John P. Matts, Joyce A. Korvick, Carol Miller, Katherine Muth, Lawrence S. Brown, C. Lynn Besch, Jones O. Kumi, Catherine Salveson, Arlene Bincsik, Karen Irvin, Geri Maiatico
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In this study we estimated occurrence of the booster effect in a population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and assessed the relation between the booster effect, T-lymphocyte CD4 cell counts, tuberculosis risk categories, and HIV exposure categories. Patients were recruited from 13 participating sites of the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). A two-stage tuberculin skin test was applied to 709 HIV-infected patients using the Mantoux method. An induration reading < 5 mm on the first test and ≥ 5 mm on the second skin test defined the booster effect. Overall, 18 patients, or 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.2) experienced the booster effect. Boosted responses were seen in eight (2.1%) anergic patients, six (4.5%) nonanergic patients, and four (2.5%) with anergy status unknown. Boosting was noted in 1 of the 131 women enrolled. Age, race, CD4 cell count, injection drug use, anergy status, tuberculosis risk categories, and HIV exposure categories were not predictive of boosting. The booster effect occurs in a small percentage of HIV-infected patients tested, thus identifying small numbers of patients with latent tuberculosis infection. The two-stage procedure is probably of limited value in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons.
Absence of the JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with splanchnic venous thrombosis and without overt myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Alessia Fiorini, Patrizia Chiusolo, Elena Rossi, Tommaso Za, Daniela G. De Ritis, Angela Ciminello, Giuseppe Leone, Valerio De Stefano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)
Hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Rami S. Komrokji, Maria Corrales‐Yepez, Mohamed A. Kharfan‐Dabaja, Najla H. Al Ali, Eric Padron, Dana E. Rollison, Javier Pinilla‐Ibarz, Ling Zhang, Pearlie K. Epling‐Burnette, Jeffrey E. Lancet, Alan F. List
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

We hypothesized that hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic factor in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We analyzed records of 767 patients treated at Moffitt Cancer Center between January 2001 and December 2009 to evaluate the relationship between serum albumin (SA) at the time of presentation and overall survival (OS). Patients (median age of 69 years) were stratified into three groups based on SA concentration (≤3.5, 3.6-4.0, and >4.0 g/dL). Two-thirds of the patients had low or intermediate-1 International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)-based risk for MDS. Median OS by SA concentration of ≤3.5, 3.6-4.0, and >4.0 g/dL was 11, 23, and 34 months, respectively (P < 0.005), whereas rate of acute myeloid leukemia progression was highest in patients with low SA (≤3.5 g/dL). The SA level offered prognostic discrimination for outcomes within the lower and higher IPSS risk groups, as well as with the MD Anderson risk model. In multivariable analysis, SA was a significant independent co-variate for OS after adjustment for IPSS, age, serum ferritin, and transfusion dependence (hazard ratio = 0.8; 95% CI 0.6-0.9; P = 0.004). Our findings indicate that hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic biomarker that may serve as a surrogate representative of disease biology or comorbidities in patients with MDS.
Differential Effects of Progenitor Cell Populations on Left Ventricular Remodeling and Myocardial Neovascularization After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Christophe Dubois, Xiaoshun Liu, Piet Claus, Glenn Marsboom, Peter Pokreisz, Sara Vandenwijngaert, Hélène Dépelteau, Witold Streb, Lertlak Chaothawee, Frederik Maes, Olivier Gheysens, Zeger Debyser, Hilde Gillijns, Marijke Pellens, Thierry Vandendriessche, Marinee Chuah, Desiré Collen, Erik Verbeken, Ann Belmans, Frans Van de Werf, Jan Bogaert, Stefan Janssens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: Is the reentrant circuit always confined in the right atrium?
Authors: Claudio Tondo, Kenichiro Otomo, James McClelland, Karen Beckman, Mario Gonzalez, Lawrence Widman, Mauricio Arruda, Mathias Antz, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Ralph Lazzara, Warren Jackman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Effect of Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices on the Endometrium
Authors: Robert Israel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The human uterine cavity is a space of variable size and configuration.<sup>1</sup>Intrauterine contraception, by its very nature, introduces a foreign body into this space, to the presence of which the uterus must accommodate. Any uterine-tissue reaction to the intrauterine device, if present, should be apparent in the endometrium, the lining of the uterine cavity in direct contact with the device. Intrauterine contraception has enjoyed a resurgence of popularity since 1959. During the past five years, uterine bacteriology<sup>2,3</sup>and cytology have been studied in association with the device. Other than superficial appraisal by the endometrial biopsy, uterine pathology has been given little reported attention.<sup>4</sup>Allen,<sup>5</sup>examining the histological findings from 18 uteri that had contained a stainless steel ring from six days to five months, noted no evidence of endometrial infection. More recently, Willson and his co-workers<sup>6</sup>reported on observations made of 292 endometrial specimens
Explaining Epidemics and Other Studies in the History of Medicine
Authors: Guenter B. Risse
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Readers interested in the medical past will certainly welcome this collection of essays by one of the most distinguished contemporary historians in the field. Written during the past three decades, Professor Rosenberg's 16 works cover an impressive range of subjects primarily dealing with American medicine, from domestic healing to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the title suggests a strong emphasis on epidemics, the book contains a rich mix of issues and topics. The first of three parts collects a number of essays focusing on medical ideas and their social consequences. The second group examines institutions such as dispensaries and hospitals and the medical care they provided during the past century. A third section contains more recent contributions in which the author uses the historical perspective to illuminate a number of critical contemporary issues, including psychiatry and deinstitutionalization of the insane, social responses to disease, the roots of our hospital
QUANTITATIVE MoAb RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY IMAGING WITH MIRDOSE2 DOSIMETRY
Authors: W. D. Erwin, M. W. Groch, G. L DeNardo, D. J. Macey, S. J. DeNardo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Erwin, W. D.; Groch, M. W.; DeNardo, G. L; Macey, D. J.; DeNardo, S. J. Author Information
Fruitful Metabolism of Error
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1977)

When T. S. Eliot wrote,  last temptation is the greatest treason:/To do the right  for the wrong  ( Murder in. the Cathedral ), he clearly did not have in mind the scientific investigator. To the moral philosopher, motivation may be paramount, but to the scientist, the important thing is the result—the deed—regardless of the reason that prompted it. Many important scientific breakthroughs have been made in the course of research inspired by wrong reasons. False notions of astrology led to major discoveries in astronomy. Futile pursuits of alchemy paved the way to achievements in modern chemistry. In this century, Domagk's discovery of the effectiveness of Prontosil against streptococci was a deed of the utmost benefit, yet the underlying assumption was false. The colorless part of the molecule, sulfanilamide, rather than the red dye held by Domagk to be the active agent, was responsible for the antibacterial action. A long
The SUPPORT project and improving care for seriously ill patients
Authors: J. E. Parrillo
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  — The observational portion of the SUPPORT project1finds that when interviewed by research nurses, 31% of patients and/or their families preferred that CPR be withheld but only 47% of the interviewed physicians accurately reported this preference during the final interview. On the surface, this information suggests miscommunication and lack of understanding of the wishes of the patient and family. However, this study also found that 79% of all patients who died had a no-CPR order written. Of patients wishing a no-CPR order who died, probably all had no-CPR orders written, and the authors failed to include this important data in their report.  The interventional aspect of the SUPPORT project found that providing daily computer probability estimates of patient survival to physicians and hospital staff did not change several undesirable outcomes. In interpreting these data, it is important to understand that, based on other data from
Endoscopic treatment of biliary disorders in patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy via a permanent access loop
Authors: E. Parlak, S. Disibeyaz, E. Oztas, B. Cicek, M. Ulas, Y. Ozogul, E. Ozdemir, T. Olcer, N. Sasmaz, B. Sahin
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

The management of biliary disorders in patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis is challenging and remains controversial. Our aim is to share our experiences of endoscopic treatment via a permanent access loop in 5 patients. Endoscopic treatment via a permanent access loop is an invaluable procedure for the management of stenotic hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis, anastomotic leakage, and hepatolithiasis. It may even be life-saving for some patients.
Aortocoronary bypass grafting: an internist's perspective.
Authors: H D McIntosh
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Seven hundred fifty thousand to 1 million persons in this country have undergone aortocoronary bypass grafting since 1968, but many questions regarding the indications for the procedure and its advantages and disadvantages persist. Based on this surgical experience and on observations made during the last decade regarding nonoperative therapy and changes in the natural history of coronary heart disease, at least eight considerations should influence attitudes regarding the role of surgery: (1) The operation is a significant addition to the management of some patients with coronary heart disease. (2) The operative mortality in many centers is gratifyingly low. (3) Mortality from coronary heart disease in this country has declined strikingly during the past decade. (4) Because of the declining mortality from coronary heart disease, the prognosis of patients with the disease seen in 1980 is uncertain. (5) Coronary heart disease is a progressive disease and surgery does not prevent the progression of the disease in the native circulation. (6) Reports of therapeutic results, whether surgical or medical, are often biased toward the positive side. (7) Aortocoronary bypass does appear to postpone premature death in symptomatic patients with stenosis of the left main coronary artery, and possibly in symptomatic patients with three-vessel disease and modest impairment of left ventricular contractility. (8) Conclusions of meetings of "experts" regarding therapy may not by applicable to the country at large. The profession and the general public should be so informed.
RADIATION DOSIMETRY AND RADIATION BEST PRACTICE USE FOR NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES: RESULTS FROM THE 66 COUNTRY INCAPS (IAEA NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY PROTOCOLS) STUDY
Authors: Andrew Jeffrey Einstein, Thomas N. Pascual, John Mahmarian, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Joao Vitola, Erin Kulick, Mathew Mercuri, Joseph Meeks, Diana Paez, Maurizio Dondi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Legionnaires' Disease in Vermont, May to October 1977
Authors: Harry N. Beaty
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Thirty-two confirmed and 24 highly probable cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred in Vermont between May 1 and Oct 15, 1977. Confirmed cases had positive results for direct fluorescent antibody testing of lung tissue or fourfold rise in antibody titer. Highly probable cases had one elevated titer (≥1:256) and a compatible illness. Forty-eight (86%) had underlying chronic disease, and 22 (39%) were immunocompromised. Prominent early symptoms were fever, cough, chills, and malaise. All but one patient had verified pneumonia. Courses ranged from a pneumonia not requiring hospitalization to respiratory failure necessitating support with mechanical ventilation. Seventeen patients died. Although the clinical presentation was variable, rapid development of high fever and leukocytosis together with negative cultures of lower respiratory tract secretions strongly suggested the diagnosis in an epidemic setting. (<i>JAMA</i>240:127-131, 1978)
ON THE COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND THE VEINS: PROVISIONAL REPORT FROM THE LONDON COMMITTEE OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, APPOINTED TO MAKE AN EXPERIMENTAL INQUIRY INTO THIS SUBJECT
Authors: T. Hodgkin
Journal: BMJ (1854)

This directio of the placental blood to the saI head appeam tome like.wise to sccount for the generally fatal result of breech presentAltions and to explin aWdJuty the important obsevatious and diretlons of =_y_md Dr.