tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Thomas G. Benedek
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Edmund Dubois remains a major contributor to the third edition of his distinguished monograph, published two years after his death. Of the 20 contributors, Dubois and Daniel J. Wallace each have written all or part of 12 of the 24 chapters. This remains a primarily clinical text, which has evolved from studies of the 520 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) that Dubois gathered between 1951 and 1964.  All aspects of systemic and discoid LE, from the epidemiologic to the electron microscopic level, are presented thoroughly and concisely, aided by excellent utilization of tables. These display the organ-specific disease manifestations, findings from Dubois' cases and other series, differential diagnostic attributes, and medications, with their formulas and dosages—everything is made available. The LE cell, although admittedly of largely historic importance, is accorded a 15-page chapter. Clinically relevant advances in immunology are adequately described in chapters on lymphocytes and immune regulation and
Young People With Cancer: A Handbook for Parents
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

An absolutely great handbook for every parent of a child with malignancy, and you can't beat the price! It was written in conjunction with the Candlelighters Foundation and keeps the parents' needs clearly in focus. The text briefly describes common malignancies, medical procedures, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There is an excellent chart with the side effects of the various chemotherapeutic agents. Included also is practical advice on when to call the doctor, dietary tips, strategies for coping with clinic delays, and handling side effects. Practical advice for the parent in dealing with neighbors, friends, and siblings is extremely well done. The book concludes with a synopsis of other publications of interest to the parents as well as social resources. This handbook provides a handy reference for families struggling through the diagnosis, workup, and therapy of a child with a malignancy. It definitely augments our counseling and reinforces that the frustrations
1042-79 Impact of altered expression balance of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases genes on coronary plaque rupture: Results from quantitative tissue analysis using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method
Authors: Shuichiro Higo, Shinsuke Nanto, Takeo Higashikata, Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda, Aiji Sakamoto, Hitonobu Tomoike, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Internal commitment and efficient habit formation
Authors: Robert H. Frank
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Rachlin's attack on the internal commitment model rests on the demonstrably false claim that self-punishment does not exist. He is correct that habits are an effective device for solving self-control problems, but his additional claim that they are the only such device makes it hard to explain how good habits develop in the first place. Someone with a self-control problem would always choose the spuriously attractive reward, which, over time, would create bad habits.
RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH AND NON-SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA DETECTED 30-DAYS AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN THE PLATO (PLATELET INHIBITION AND PATIENT OUTCOMES) TRIAL
Authors: An Bui, Christopher Cannon, Philippe Steg, Robert Storey, Steen Husted, Fang Ren, Stefan James, Eric Michelson, Anders Himmelmann, Lars Wallentin, Benjamin Scirica
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Similarities and Differences in Patient Evaluation by U. S. and U. K. Psychiatrists
Authors: MYRON G. SANDIFER, ANTHONY HORDERN, GERALD C. TIMBURY, LINDA M. GREEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Comparisons were made between evaluations of 23 U. S. patients by 33 U. S. psychiatrists and eight U. K. psychiatrists. The most striking finding was that the U. S. psychiatrists reported almost twice as many symptoms as the U. K. group. Two possible explanations are offered. Also, the U. K. psychiatrists tended to report more symptoms that "overshoot the mark" such as elation, while reporting much less underactivity (dependence, indecisiveness) than did U. S. psychiatrists.
Somatostatin coordinately regulates glucagon gene expression and exocytosis in HIT-T15 cells.
Authors: D M Kendall, V Poitout, L K Olson, R L Sorenson, R P Robertson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Somatostatin (SRIF) regulates secretion from several endocrine cell types. SRIF inhibits both insulin and glucagon secretion and reduces insulin gene expression. However, whether SRIF inhibition of glucagon secretion from the pancreatic alpha cell is mediated via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins is not presently known, nor has it been determined whether SRIF can regulate glucagon gene expression. Consequently, we performed studies in the transformed islet cell line HIT-T15 to determine whether the inhibitory effect of SRIF on glucagon exocytosis is preserved in this cell line, whether this effect is mediated through a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism, and whether SRIF has an inhibitory effect on glucagon gene expression. Confocal microscopy with immunostaining revealed that 15-25% of HIT-T15 cells contained glucagon. In static incubations forskolin (FSK, 1 microM) increased glucagon secretion 3.6 +/- 0.9-fold (P < 0.01) and mixed amino acids (15 mM) increased glucagon secretion 2.8 +/- 0.4-fold (P < 0.01). Addition of SRIF significantly inhibited both forskolin- and amino acid-stimulated secretion. Maximal inhibition of both FSK- and amino acid-stimulated secretion occurred at SRIF concentrations > or = 10(-8) M and these inhibitory effects were completely prevented by pertussis toxin pretreatment. In addition to inhibiting glucagon secretion, SRIF significantly reduced both basal and FSK-stimulated glucagon mRNA levels and this reduction in glucagon mRNA was completely prevented by the addition of cyclic AMP analogue. Glucagon gene promoter activity, as assessed by transient transfection experiments, was stimulated 2.1 +/- 0.25-fold by forskolin (P < 0.01). This effect was significantly inhibited by SRIF (71 +/- 4% reduction from FSK alone, P < 0.04) suggesting that SRIF inhibition of the glucagon promoter may, at least in part, account for the observed decrease in glucagon mRNA levels. These studies uniquely demonstrate that glucagon secretion from the HIT-T15 cell line is inhibited by SRIF through a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism and that SRIF also inhibits glucagon gene expression in part by reducing glucagon promoter activity. These findings indicate that SRIF can coordinately regulate glucagon delivery by the alpha cell both at the level of gene expression and hormone exocytosis.
Thatcher and Blair
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

For many years the publishing firm of Victor Gollancz issued its books in a distinctive yellow cover. The works of all its authors, from the most famous to the completely unknown, were given more or less the same cover. A few words on the front were all that were used to attract the buyer.

In 1958 Gollancz published a novel entitled The Graver Tribe (a quotation from the poet, clergyman, and doctor George Crabbe), by Edward Candy. Above the title were the words “A novel about surgeons” and below “Should a person of sound mind have the right to his own life-or-death decisions?”

Fascination with …
Prescriptions with potential drug interactions dispensed at Swedish pharmacies in January 1999: cross sectional study
Authors: J. Merlo, H. Liedholm, U. Lindblad, A. Bjorck-Linne, J. Falt, G. Lindberg, A. Melander
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The growing use of pharmacological agents means that drug interactions are of increasing interest for public health. 1Monitoring of potential drug interactions may improve the quality of drug prescribing and dispensing, and it might form a basis for education focused on appropriate prescribing.
Call for better regulation of tissue products
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In an effort to prevent the spread of disease through negligent handling of human tissue products, a scientific advisory body to the European Commission has called for greater regulation of tissue products—including skin, bone, and corneas—used for human transplant and medical research.

The European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies says that while human organs and blood have been regulated by law at national level, human tissues have been largely neglected. “We were amazed to observe that there is no European regulation or control on the use and collection of human tissue,” …
Long-term survival of paediatric patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis treated with lung lavage
Authors: A. Spock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

To the Editors: 

I read with interest the article by Beccaria et al . 1 and the accompanying editorial by Morgan 2, relating to the benefit of lung lavage in the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Although pulmonary alveolar proteinosis occurs rarely in paediatric patients and is usually fatal, I would like to put forward data concerning the successful long-term benefit of lung lavage in paediatric patients.

My colleagues and I have successfully used …
New initiative to make systematic review protocols more transparent
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Painless, sterile, noninfiltrated corneal ulceration and perforation, which may occur after recent cataract surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren9s syndrome, appears to be a distinct clinical entity. The cause is probably multifactorial. Contributing factors may be the underlying systemic disease process in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren9s syndrome, the associated keratoconjunctivitis sicca, the surgical procedure, and the postoperative use of oral and topical corticosteroids. Two cases of this clinical entity are reported here. Preoperative recognition by cataract surgeons that corneas in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren9s syndrome have an increased risk for postoperative ulceration should prompt postoperative preventive measures.
An Assessment of Diltiazem and Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertension
Authors: James F. Burris
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This multicenter, factorial-design trial assessed the safety and additive antihypertensive efficacy of a slow-release (SR) formulation of diltiazem hydrochloride given alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide for treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. After a 4- to 6-week placebo run-in period, 297 qualifying patients were randomized to receive placebo, 1 of 4 doses of diltiazem SR monotherapy, 1 of 3 doses of hydrochlorothiazide monotherapy, or 1 of 12 possible combinations of diltiazem SR and hydrochlorothiazide for 6 weeks. A dose-related reduction in blood pressure was demonstrated for each drug as monotherapy and for the two drugs in combination. Absolute blood pressures of patients who received combination therapy were lower by an overall mean of 3.0 mm Hg diastolic and 8.0 mm Hg systolic vs diltiazem SR used alone and 3.5 mm Hg diastolic and 4.0 mm Hg systolic vs hydrochlorothiazide used alone. At the largest doses used, 50% of patients achieved goal blood pressure while taking hydrochlorothiazide, 57% while taking diltiazem SR, and 75% while taking combination therapy. Combination therapy was well tolerated. This trial clearly demonstrates that diltiazem SR and hydrochlorothiazide have additive antihypertensive effects.
Practice based health needs assessment: use of four methods in a small neighbourhood
Authors: S. A Murray, L. J C Graham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To explore the use of four methods to define health needs in a community, with a view to formulating guidelines for practice based assessment of health needs.Collection of data on health needs for a specific neighbourhood with four complementary methods: rapid participatory appraisal, postal survey, analysis of routinely available small area statistics, and collation of practice held information.Council estate of 670 homes in Edinburgh.Description and comparison of health needs found by the different methods.Each method yielded particular insights into both health and health care needs.An extended primary care team with public health support can assess health and health care needs in a neighbourhood by means of a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. Different methods may be more suitable to assess different health needs or to explore potential service provision in the community or in primary or secondary care. A composite method may be most informative.
Onychomycosis in clinical practice: factors contributing to recurrence
Authors: R.K. Scher, R. Baran
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

The treatment of onychomycosis has improved in recent years and many patients can now expect a complete and lasting cure. However, for up to 25% of patients, persistent disease remains a problem, thus presenting a particular challenge to the clinician. For these patients, it is obviously important to ensure that a correct diagnosis of onychomycosis has been made, as misdiagnosis will inevitably jeopardize the perception of therapeutic effectiveness. Although onychomycosis accounts for about 50% of all nail diseases seen by physicians, nonfungal causes of similar symptoms include repeated trauma, psoriasis, lichen planus, local tumours vascular disorders and inflammatory diseases. Predisposing factors that contribute to a poor response to topical and/or oral therapy include the presence of a very thick nail, extensive involvement of the entire nail unit, lateral nail disease and yellow spikes. However, poor penetration of systemic agents to the centre of infection, or the inability of topical agents to diffuse between the surface of the nail plate and the active disease below, probably contributes to this. Other factors contributing to recurrence may be related to the patient's family history, occupation, lifestyle or underlying physiology. In addition, patients with concomitant disease (e.g. peripheral vascular disease, diabetes) or patients who are immunosuppressed (e.g. those with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) are more susceptible to onychomycosis. In the elderly, the prevalence of onychomycosis may be as high as 60%, and increases with age; in this population, physical trauma plays a major role in precipitating recurrence, especially in patients with faulty biomechanics due to underlying arthritis and bone abnormalities. It is also possible that recurrence in some cases is due to early termination of treatment or use of an inappropriate dose, and these possibilities should be eliminated before further investigations are undertaken. There is good evidence to suggest that a combination of oral and topical therapies, when given at the same time, yield excellent clinical outcomes, although there remains a need for more effective topical agents with greater nail penetration and more effective oral antifungal agents.
1026-56 Patterns of lesion calcification in infarct-related arteries: An intravascular ultrasound analysis of 250 patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Jun-ichi Kotani, Gary S Mintz, Prithviraj B Rai, Constantine C Pappas, John C Pappas, Augusto D Pichard, Lowell F Satler, William O Suddath, John R Laird, Kenneth M Kent, Neil J Weissman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Legalised euthanasia will violate the rights of vulnerable patients
Authors: R J D George, I G Finlay, David Jeffrey
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<i>Doctors in the United Kingdom can accompany their patients every step of the way, up until the last. The law stops them helping their patients take the final step, even if that is the patient9s fervent wish. Next month9s debate in the House of Lords could begin the process of changing the law. To help doctors decide where they stand we publish a range of opinions</i>
Deflection of a Diagnosis
Authors: Paul Rousseau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

On Being a Doctor16 January 2007Deflection of a DiagnosisPaul Rousseau, MDPaul Rousseau, MDFrom Glendale, Arizona.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail He sits there, a skeletal silhouette, his body reminiscent of a Holocaust victim, his eyes closed halfway to death.“What did they tell you in the hospital, Jim?”“Nothin'. They told me nothin', Doc.”Patients often lament that doctors fail to explain their diagnosis, illness, medications, or treatment—and sometimes that's true; sometimes disease constructs a mental embargo on the inflow of information, particularly when the news is unsettling.“So you don't know what's going on?”It's an honest question. Many patients have an innate sense of what is occurring and are just waiting to hear the grim revelation from their ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Glendale, Arizona.Corresponding Author: Paul Rousseau, MD, 17 W. Vernon Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85003; e-mail, [email protected]com PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOn Being a Doctor: Deflection of a Diagnosis Paul C. Rousseau Metrics Cited byOn Being a Doctor: Deflection of a DiagnosisPaul C. Rousseau, MD 16 January 2007Volume 146, Issue 2Page: 146KeywordsArthritisBiopsyBoneChildrenEmotionsForecastingGraduate medical education ePublished: 16 January 2007 Issue Published: 16 January 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Can Accountable Care Organizations Improve Population Health?
Authors: Douglas J. Noble, Lawrence P. Casalino
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review: Self-testing or self-management of oral anticoagulation reduces thromboembolic events and mortality more than usual care
Authors: Julio Hajdenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Bloomfield HE, Krause A, Greer N, et al. Meta-analysis: effect of patient self-testing and self-management of long-term anticoagulation on major clinical outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:472-82. 21464349
Microbial Modulation of Granulopoiesis
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1978)

It is well known that microorganisms can be tied into the metabolism and the regulatory network of the human organism. Intestinal bacteria, for instance, participate in a large number of the host's metabolic processes. They synthesize vitamins, particularly those of the B complex family. They convert cholesterol to coprostanol, and fatty acids to corresponding alcohols. They deaminate amino acids and degrade them to indole, skatole, methane, ammonia, and benzoic acid. Furthermore, they deconjugate bile acids—a metabolic process that involves a feedback loop, wherein the dampening arm is the bactericidal action of the deconjugated acids. By destroying the bacteria responsible for the deconjugation, its products regulate the rate of their own production. Regulatory feedback interactions between bacteria and their human hosts may be even more intricate, as suggested by recent studies on the regulation of granulopoiesis. It has been known for some time that bacterial endotoxins stimulate mononuclear cells, preponderantly monocytes,
A Synthetic Anticoagulant: A Polysulfuric Acid Ester of Polyanhydromannuronic Acid (Paritol)
Authors: C. W. SORENSON, IRVING S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The effects of the use of Paritol administered intravenously to 35 individuals are herein reported. This synthetic anticoagulant produces a prolongation of the clotting time similar to that produced by heparin but of longer duration, if appropriate dosage is used. As with heparin, at therapeutic clotting time levels, the prothrombin time is slightly prolonged. Certain untoward effects have been noted and are described. Further studies with Paritol appear justified in order to evaluate its usefulness as a rapidly acting anticoagulant.
The Measurement of Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II Levels in Men and Women by Immunoassay
Authors: Marian C. Cheung, John J. Albers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

To study apolipoprotein A-II, a simple, precise, and accurate immunodiffusion assay was developed and applied in a population sample of industrial employees. Apolipoprotein A-II (A-II) did not increase with age in men (r = −0.20, n = 172), but showed a slight increase with age in women (0.1 mg/dl per yr, r = 0.20, n = 188). A-II correlated significantly with apolipoprotein A-I (A-I) (r = 0.71) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (men, r = 0.64; women, r = 0.49). The A-I/A-II ratio was significantly related to HDL cholesterol (men, r = 0.29; women, r = 0.44). Women on no medication (n = 92) had A-II levels similar to men (34±5 and 33±5 mg/dl, mean±SD, respectively), whereas women on oral contraceptives or estrogens had significantly higher levels (39±6 mg/dl, n = 75, P < 0.01). The plasma A-I/A-II weight ratio was 3.6±0.4 for men and 3.8±0.5 for women. In the d = 1.10-1.21 subfraction, both males and females had similar A-I, A-II, and HDL cholesterol levels (men: mean, 97, 27, and 32 mg/dl, respectively; women: mean, 104, 28, and 36 mg/dl, respectively). Women had approximately twice the amount of A-I, A-II, and HDL cholesterol than men in the d = 1.063-1.10 fraction (men: mean, 10, 2, and 10 mg/dl, respectively; women: mean, 24, 4, and 19 mg/dl, respectively). The A-I/A-II weight ratio in the d = 1.063-1.10 fraction (men, 5.1±0.7; women, 6.1±1.3) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than that in the d = 1.10-1.21 fraction (men, 3.7±0.2; women, 3.8±0.2). Furthermore, the weight ratio of cholesterol to total apoprotein A in the d = 1.063-1.10 fraction (men, 0.75±0.09; women, 0.67±0.05) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that found in the d = 1.10-1.21 fraction (men, 0.26±0.04, women, 0.28±0.05). Thus, the compositions of HDL hydrated density subclasses are significantly different from each other. These results suggest that the differences in HDL between men and women are due primarily to differences in the relative proportions of HDL subclasses rather than to the intrinsic differences in HDL structure.