tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phenylalanine Absorption and Metabolism in Parkinsonian Patients
Authors: A.-K. Granerus, R. Jagenburg, S. Rodjer, A. Svanborg
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Oral and intravenous L-phenylalanine loading tests were performed in 13 Parkinsonian patients and in 12 control subjects matched for age and weight. The results showed a normal intestinal absorption and a normal elimination from plasma of phenylalanine in the Parkinsonian patients.
The Employee Health Service and Infection Control in US Hospitals, 1976-1977
Authors: Robert W. Haley
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To assess the methods being used in US hospitals to prevent the spread of contagious illnesses from hospital employees to patients, we analyzed information obtained in the SENIC Project (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control) from interviews with hospital officials and staff nurses. In general, staff nurses and their first-line supervisors appeared to be unfamiliar with some published recommendations outlining when an illness or exposure should exclude them temporarily from patient contact. The infection control nurse had authority to exclude employees in fewer than half of the hospitals. Although employees would be financially penalized in less than 10% of hospitals for missing work on account of a contagious illness, staff nurses in larger hospitals were more reluctant to consult the employee health service if they believed they would lose pay. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:962-966)
Prometheus the impostor.
Authors: N Laor
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The problem of scientific fraud has been used to indict the whole system of science. The response of the scientific community has been understandably heated but insufficient. The discussion seems to have reached an impasse as both parties in the dispute share mistaken views. A switch is needed to a framework in which the democratic foundation of the scientific society and the free spirit of scientific inquiry can be preserved.Prometheus here is modern science, which in recent years has been rocked by revelations of major research fraud. In their 1982 book, Betrayers of the Truth, William Broad and Nicholas Wade claimed that the process of scientific inquiry encourages dishonesty. Laor challenges their assumptions and their solutions, as well as those of three influential scientific philosophers who have written about error and deceit: Francis Bacon, Paul K. Feyerabend, and Thomas S. Kuhn. He endorses Karl Popper's view of the scientific method, which creates progress from the identification of error, and Joseph Agassi's insistence on democratic science and public discussion. Laor concludes that the scientific community must recognize the inevitability of human fallibility, and determine what role it plays in research.
Prophylactic Inoculations against Animal Diseases
Authors: L. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Over sixty years have elapsed since the classical experiments of Pasteur on preventive inoculation against anthrax in sheep-so well depicted in the Pasteur film-opened up a new epoch in the history of medicine.The relief of human and animal suffering that has resulted from subsequent progress in that field of research is simply in- calculable.Certainly several hundred millions of animals in the world at large have been saved from severe suffer- ing in the past half-century by these means.Some faint idea of the benefits to animals as a class may be gathered from the data in the following table of the officially recorded preventive inoculations against five only of the principal epidemic diseases of animals in seven recent years in the British Empire (Table I).Brief notes on the nature and prophylaxis of those diseases may be of interest.TABLE I.-Prophylactic Inioculationts againist Epidenmic Antimlal
The Contraceptive Pill
Authors: B. Pirquet
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate and pyruvate concentrations were determined in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus but without disturbance of consciousness and five who recovered from hypoglycaemic coma. CSF lactate was slightly but significantly higher in diabetes mellitus (1.78, SEM 0.04 m mol/l) than that in 15 control subjects (1.40, SEM 0.05 m mol/l). In those who recovered from hypoglycaemic coma, CSF lactate was markedly elevated to 2.45-4.43 m mol/l. CSF glucose concentrations, however, were substantially the same between treated hypoglycaemic and diabetes mellitus groups. These findings indicate that CSF lactate levels increase with glycaemic levels in diabetes mellitus owing to enhanced glucose influx into glycolytic pathway of the brain, and also increases in treated hypoglycaemic coma probably due to mitochondrial dysfunction or damage.
High-Density Lipoprotein and Dietary Fatty Acids—Reply
Authors: Inder M. Singh, Mehdi H. Shishehbor, Benjamin J. Ansell
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P4-16-04: Outcome of stage II/III breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant versus adjuvant radiotherapy in British Columbia.
Authors: AE Lohmann, D Voduc, C Speers, S Chia
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Backgroud: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NRT) is generally recommended after systemic therapy for inoperable stage III breast cancer. At the BCCA, neoadjuvant radiation is also frequently offered for patients with operable node positive disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There is a lack of randomised trial data comparing outcomes in stage II/III breast cancer when radiation therapy is delivered neoadjuvantly versus adjuvantly. Aim: The primary objective of this study is to assess the clinical outcomes, as measured by relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), of women with stage II/III breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and either neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods: Patients were identified by linking the Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit (BCOU) with the British Columbia Cancer Agency Pharmacy data repository. Inclusion criteria included: Female, referred to BCCA with newly diagnosed disease, clinical stage II or III breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, breast surgery performed as part of the initial treatment plan, RT (given adjuvantly or neo-adjuvantly to the breast/chest wall +/− regional nodes). Patients were excluded if they had a previous or synchronous in situ or invasive breast cancer. Demographic data, treatment characteristics, ER, PR and HER-2 status (when available) were extracted. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kaplan Méier curves survival analyses were produced using SPSS, V. 14. Results: Between Jan 1, 1995 and Dec 31, 2008, 687 patients with stage II/III disease were identified. 394 patients received neo-adjuvant and 293 patients received adjuvant radiation. Patients treated with neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant RT differed in age (median: 51yrs vs. 49yrs, p &amp;lt; 0.001), margin status (86.5% negative/5.1% positive/ 8.4% unknown vs. 94.2% negative/1.7% positive/4.1% unknown, p = 0.02), surgery (94.2% vs. 87.7% mastectomy, p = 0.003), and type of chemotherapy (50.3% vs. 24.6% anthracycline only, p &amp;lt; 0.001) respectively. No differences in 5-year RFS (60.0 vs. 64.8 %, respectively, p = 0.07), 5 year BCSS (67.9 vs. 73.1 %, respectively p = 0.17) and 5-year OS (66.2 vs. 72.5 %, respectively, p = 0.06) were seen in the neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant population. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this retrospective study, the sequence of use of radiation pre-operative compared to post-operative following neoadjuvant chemotherapy appears to have similar clinical outcomes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-16-04.
EFFECT OF ZIDOVUDINE ON SERUM HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIGEN LEVELS IN SYMPTOM-FREE SUBJECTS
Authors: FrankDe Wolf, Jaap Goudsmit, Jan De Gans, RoelA. Coutinho, JoepM.A. Lange, Paul Cload, PeterTh.A. Schellekens, A.Paul Fiddian, Jan van der Noordaa
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Effectiveness of eye protection in the metal working industry.
Authors: A Banerjee
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Mean (range) vartable costs associated with prescribing, investigation, and referral behaviour of general practitioners Cost per 100 Cost per 100 consultations as Frequency per 100 consultations* proportion of overall cost Cost per item Item of service consultations (f) (%) (f) Prescription 67-4 302.
ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITINS AND COELIAC DISEASE
Authors: M. KAVAI, S. CSORBA, M. SZABOLCS, J. JEZERNICZKY, L. FÉSÜS, B. SZABÓ
Journal: Allergy (1977)

SUMMARY Four fractions, fraction A, B, C, and D, were isolated from the aqueous extract of wheat flour on a Sephadex G‐75 column. It was found that the repeated gel‐filtrated fraction A reacts as an antigen with the sera of coeliac patients. On the basis of its molecular weight and amino acid composition, it is gliadin. Each of the 28 coeliac patients had heat‐stable precipitating antibody and higher than normal IgE levels were found in the sera of only three individuals. Specific antigliadin IgE in low quantity was found in only one case. The sera reacting with antigens in high titres were absorbed by anti‐IgG and anti‐IgA whereupon the antibody level considerably decreased. The main circulating antibody of the patients was IgG.
The role of degradation in the acute control of protein balance in adult man: Failure of feeding to stimulate protein synthesis as assessed by L-[1-13C]leucine infusion
Authors: S. Melville, M.A. McNurlan, K.C. McHardy, J. Broom, E. Milne, A.G. Calder, P.J. Garlick
Journal: Metabolism (1989)
Immune reactions in epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Authors: S. PYRHONEN, S. JABLONSKA, S. OBAŁEK, E. KUISMANEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Serum antibodies against human papilloma virus have been measured using immunodiffusion and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in twelve patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). The results were compared with those from sixty‐six patients with other types of human papilloma virus diseases. Antibody prevalences were slightly lower in patients with EV than in the control patients. More remarkable was the difference between EV patients and control subjects in tests of non‐specific cell‐mediated immunity, which was markedly depressed in the majority of patients with EV, but in the main preserved in patients with common warts. No specific immunological parameter was shown to be associated with malignant conversion of EV lesions, but malignancy was linked to the character of the inducing virus, and particularly to HPV type 5.
Femoropopliteal Bypass Grafts Utilizing Autogenous Veins
Authors: ROBERT L. CALDWELL, JAMES A. DEWEESE, CHARLES G. ROB
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The results of 157 consecutive autogenous saphenous vein bypass grafts followed for periods up to eight and a half years are presented. The operations were performed on 145 patients with the following indications: (1) intermittent claudication (41%); (2) rest pain (25%); (3) gangrene (34%). The early patency rate in patients with intermittent claudication was 83%, and of these 83% remained patent; with rest pain, 74% and of these 86% remained patent; with gangrene, 63% and of these 76% remained patent. The success rate was highest in (1) nondiabetic patients; (2) extremities with two or three patent vessels at the level of the popliteal trifurcation; (3) extremities in which short grafts were used, whether or not the reconstruction crossed the knee joint. Angiograms on 29 patent grafts and 12 thrombosed grafts revealed: (1) absence of atheromatous changes in the grafts; (2) absence of aneurysmal dilatation in the body of the graft; (3) an equal incidence of progression of original disease in patent grafts and in late thrombosed grafts. Autogenous venous bypass grafts function well in the arterial system for prolonged periods. The results continue to support the superiority of vein grafts over both thromboendarterectomies and synthetic-tube bypass grafts in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusive disease.
Fractures on the chest radiograph in detection of alcoholic liver disease.
Authors: D R Lindsell, A G Wilson, J D Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The presence of fractures seen on routine chest radiography was assessed in patients with liver disease to see whether it might provide a useful marker of alcoholism. Chest radiographs taken at the time of liver biopsy were examined in 149 patients--72 with alcoholic liver disease (32 (44%) cirrhotic) and 77 with various forms of non-alcoholic liver disease (15 (19 . 5%) cirrhotic)--and in 149 controls. Fractures (85 rib, two clavicular) were much more common in patients with alcoholic liver disease (20 subjects; 28%) than in patients with non-alcoholic liver disease (1; 1 . 3%) or controls 10; 6 . 7%). In alcoholic liver disease rib fractures were significantly more likely to be bilateral or multiple (more than two) or both (p less than 0 . 01). Of patients with alcoholic liver disease, those with fractures were significantly older than those without, but there was no difference in sex, social class, the proportion with cirrhosis, or the proportion known to be alcoholic at the time of the radiograph. In liver disease fractures on the chest radiograph diagnosed alcoholism with 95% specificity and 28% sensitivity. These often overlooked or ignored findings in the chest radiograph may have a wider role in the detection of alcoholism.
BENIGN ULCER OF THE ESOPHAGUS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC ACETANILID POISONING
Authors: William L. Wolfson
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The majority of benign esophageal ulcerations are believed to be peptic erosions analogous to peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. This tenet is emphasized by the high incidence of esophageal ulcers in diaphragmatic herniations of the stomach in which the loss of the pinch-cock mechanism allows regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus. Another cause of esophageal ulcer is pressure from aneurysms or intubations. The disease has also been ascribed to infectious disorders, exanthematous fevers, debilitating diseases, and uremia. In reviewing the literature of esophageal ulcers for the past 20 years, however, we were unable to discover any report that this condition occurred as a sequel to drug poisoning. Therefore, the case we present of an esophageal ulceration presumably developing in a patient suffering from chronic acetanilid poisoning should be of general interest.  Chronic acetanilid poisoning is not so frequent now as it was 50 years ago, when the
Salty, bitter, sweet and sour survive unscathed
Authors: David A. Booth
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Types of sensory receptor can only be identified by multidimensional discrimination of a familiar version of a sensed object from variants that disconfound putative types. By that criterion, there is as yet no evidence against just the four classic types of gustatory receptor, for sodium salts, alkaloids, sugars, and proton donors.
The effect of concurrent oral administration of propranolol and disopyramide on cardiac function in healthy men.
Authors: W F Cathcart-Rake, J E Coker, F L Atkins, D H Huffman, K M Hassanein, D D Shen, D L Azarnoff
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Sixteen healthy men were evaluated for left ventricular performance changes and beta-blockade after therapeutic oral doses of disopyramide and propranolol administered alone and concurrently. The volunteers were randomly assigned to receive one of two drug treatment regimens that differed in the sequence and duration of administration of the drugs. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiographically determined ejection fraction (EF) and systolic time intervals. Beta-blockade was assessed by changes in exercise heart rate. Both disopyramide and propranolol exhibited negative inotropic activity, as evidenced by significant, although clinically inconsequential, decreases in EF and increases in the ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time. The negative inotropic effects of a single 200-mg dose of disopyramide and an 80-mg dose of propranolol were comparable, while chronic disopyramide therapy (200 mg every 6 hours for 1 week) had a greater negative inotropic effect than chronic propranolol therapy (80 mg every 8 hours for 1 week). Only propranolol had beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity. When the drugs were administered concurrently, the negative inotropic effects of oral propranolol and disopyramide were neither additive nor synergistic.
THE TRIGLYCERIDE/HDL RATIO REMAINS AS AN INDEPENDENT PLASMA LIPID MARKER OF MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP FROM THE MEDICINE ANGIOPLASTY OR SURGERY STUDY II (MASS II) TRIAL
Authors: Antonio Casella-Filho, Whady Hueb, Vivian Jonke, Raul Santos, Desiderio Favarato, Eduardo Lima, Alexandre Segre, Paulo Cury Rezende, Cibele Larrosa Garzillo, Ana PM Chacra, Jose Ramires, Roberto Kalil-Filho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Detection of Incomplete Ablation After Yttrium-90 Implantation of Pituitary
Authors: J. G. Sprunt, A. C. Brownie, J. S. Kinnear
Journal: BMJ (1963)

ness of Y/sup 90/ irradiation of the pituitary to eliminate its se cretory activity. Metyrapone is injected and urinary excretion of 17- hydroxycorticosteroids is measured. Nine out of l7 patients implanted with 9 mC Y/sup 90/ showed residual hypophyseal endocrine activity on the basis of this test. (BBB)
Definition of conditions that enable antigen-specific activation of the majority of isolated trinitrophenol-binding B cells.
Authors: J C Cambier, J G Monroe, M J Neale
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

In an effort to further elucidate the early cellular events in generation of antibody responses, we have determined the requirements for antigen-specific initiation of the G0 to G1 transition by isolated trinitrophenol (TNP) -binding B lymphocytes. TNP-binding cells were isolated from normal B6D2F1 splenocyte populations using hapten affinity fractionation on disulfide-bonded TNP-gelatin-coated plates. Populations prepared in this way are greater than or equal to 96% immunoglobulin positive and 70-95% antigen binding. Isolated cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence of a variety of TNP conjugates including TNP-Brucella abortus (Ba), TNP-Ficoll, TNP-sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), TNP-human gamma globulin (HGG), or TNP-ovalbumin (OVA) before being harvested and subjected to acridine orange cell cycle analysis. As many as 80% of cells were in cycle by 48 h in response to TNP-Ba, a thymus-independent (TI1 antigen. A smaller proportion (congruent to 40%) were in cycle in response to TNP-Ficoll, a TI2 antigen. Significant activation was not detected in cultures challenged with the thymus-dependent immunogens TNP-SRBC, TNP-HGG, and TNP-OVA. Addition of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, B cell growth factor, and/or T cell-replacing factor to cultures did not facilitate responses to these immunogens, suggesting a requirement for antigen-specific T cell help for entry into cell cycle induced by thymus dependent antigens. Activation by TNP-Ba was antigen specific and independent of accessory cells, occurring with equal efficiency in bulk and single-cell cultures. Activation by TNP-Ba was inhibitable by anti-Fab and anti-mu antibodies, but not by anti-delta antibodies. Results indicate that activation of TNP-binding cells to enter cell cycle by TNP-Ba is independent of accessory cells and requires interaction of antigen with cell surface IgM. Exposure to thymus-dependent TNP-immunogens plus nonspecific helper factors is insufficient to cause entry of TNP-binding cells into cycle.
Long-term follow-up study of asymptomatic hbsag-positive voluntary blood donors in austria: A clinical and histologic evaluation of 242 cases
Authors: Brigitte Dragosics, Peter Ferenci, Eva Hitchman, Helmut Denk
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Two hundred forty-two voluntary blood donors, referred after detection of HBsAg positivity, underwent clinical evaluation and liver biopsy and were prospectively followed for an average of 3.5 years. At initial testing, 65% of HBsAg carriers had normal laboratory findings; during follow-up, 26% of these carriers developed abnormal test results, at least transiently. Liver histology was normal in 31.4%, revealed nonaggressive liver disease in 63.6% and chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis in 5%, only. All except one case of chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis were associated with abnormal blood biochemical tests. Sequential liver biopsies obtained in 56 HBsAg carriers after a minimal interval of 4 years showed mitigation of inflammatory changes in 5.4% and developing chronic active hepatitis in three cases (5.4%). One carrier died of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Upon follow-up, HBsAg persisted in 98%. Anti-HBe was found in 90% of all carriers already at the initial testing. HBeAg positivity (7.5%) was associated with chronic active hepatitis as well as nonaggressive liver disease; clearance of HBeAg occurred in 40% after 2 to 8 years. Because of the subclinical progression of liver disease and the increased risk for developing primary hepatocellular carcinoma in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, routine blood testing, including alpha-fetoprotein screening, as well as abdominal ultrasound surveillance are indicated. Liver biopsy, however, should be restricted to carriers with abnormal biochemical findings.