tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4074: Transcription factors involved in the genesis and progression of cancer differently modulated by transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-Beta3) in prostate cell lines.
Authors: Silvia Caggia, Saverio Candido, Massimo Libra, Venera Cardile
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-β3) is a member of a family of multifunctional cytokines that control different cellular processes including cell proliferation, morphogenesis, migration, extracellular matrix production, cytokine secretion, and apoptosis, as well as in normal physiological and disease processes. Among the various isoforms of TGF-β, TGF-β1 has been the most studied form, especially in the context of tumor development. In contrast, only few studies have been focused on the role of TGF-β3 in tumorogenesis. Recently, it has been shown that the transcription factors Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is involved in the TGF-β3 pathway. YY1 is known to be associated with cancer progression. One the potential mechanisms of this association is linked with the inactivation of p53. On this ground, the aims of this study were i) to explore the correlated expression of p53 and YY1 in a human benign prostate hyperplasia cell line (BPH-1) and in two prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP (androgen-sensitive) and DU-145 (androgen-refractory) after treatment with different dose of TGF-β3; ii) to determine, in TGF-β3-treated prostate cell lines, the expression of a fraction of intracellular signalling pathways involved in both cell cycle progression and in apoptosis. TGF-β3 stimulation in prostate cancer cell lines showed different effects, such as YYI downregulation and p53 overexpression. These effects are also associated with a different modulation of intracellular signaling pathways (PI3K, AKT, pAKT, PTEN, Bcl-2, Bax, and iNOS). In conclusion, these findings may have important therapeutic implications in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Silvia Caggia, Saverio Candido, Massimo Libra, Venera Cardile. Transcription factors involved in the genesis and progression of cancer differently modulated by transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-Beta3) in prostate cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4074. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4074
CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH IN THE FIRST TWO DECADES OF LIFE
Authors: M. K. King
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Carcinoma of the stomach is rare in patients under 30 years of age. Before the age of 20 it is so rare that those cases which have occurred in the past have usually been the subject of individual reports. However, "No age is immune and a diagnosis relying to any degree on the 'cancer age' may lead to a fatal issue."<sup>1</sup> Including the case herein described, I have been able to collect from the literature a total of forty cases of cancer of the stomach occurring in the first two decades of life. In 1900, Osler and McCrae<sup>2</sup>collected six cases in the first and thirteen cases in the second decade of life. In 1924, Sullivan<sup>3</sup>again reviewed the subject and collected a total of twenty-one cases, omitting thirteen of the cases previously collected by Osler and McCrae, possibly because of doubtful proof of their authenticity. If
ART and uterine pathology: how relevant is the maternal side for implantation?
Authors: Daniela Galliano, José Bellver, César Díaz-García, Carlos Simón, Antonio Pellicer
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2014)

Assisted reproduction technology (ART) has become a standard treatment for infertile couples. Increased success rates obtained over the years have resulted primarily from improved embryo quality, but implantation rates still remain lower than expected. The uterus, an important player in implantation, has been frequently neglected. While a number of uterine pathologies have been associated with decreased natural fertility, less information exists regarding the impact of these pathologies in ART. This report reviews the evidence to help clinicians advise ART patients.An electronic search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed to identify articles in the English, French or Spanish language published until May 2014 which addressed uterine pathology and ART. Data from natural conception were used only in the absence of data from ART. Studies were classified in decreasing categories: RCTs, prospective controlled trials, prospective non-controlled trials, retrospective studies and experimental studies. Studies included in lower categories were only used if insufficient evidence was available. Pooled data were obtained from systematic reviews with meta-analyses when available. The summary of the evidence for the different outcomes and the degree of the recommendation for interventions were based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) statement recommendations.There is strong evidence that surrogacy is effective for uterine agenesia. For the remaining pathologies, however, there is very little evidence that the established treatments improve outcomes, or that these pathologies have a negative effect on ART. In the presence of an apparently normal uterus, assessing endometrial receptivity (ER) is the goal; however diagnostic tests are still under development.The real effect of different uterine/endometrial integrity pathologies on ART is not known. Moreover, currently proposed treatments are not based on solid evidence, and little can be done to assess ER in normal or abnormal conditions. No strong recommendations can be given based on the published experience, bringing an urgent need for well-designed studies. In this context, we propose algorithms to study the uterus in ART.
Accumulation of O6-methylguanine in human DNA after therapeutic exposure to methylating agents and its relationship with biological effects.
Authors: S A Kyrtopoulos, V L Souliotis, C Valavanis, V A Boussiotis, G A Pangalis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

O6-Methylguanine has been measured in peripheral blood leukocytes of 14 patients during one or more cycles of treatment with procarbazine (daily treatment for 10 days) and in 12 patients during one or more cycles of treatment with dacarbazine (single dose per cycle). Adduct formation at levels up to about 0.4 fmole/microgram DNA was detected in all procarbazine- and all but one dacarbazine-treated patients at some point after treatment. O6-Methylguanine accumulated during procarbazine treatment in a dose-related manner (mean rate of accumulation 2.8 x 10(-4) fmole/microgram DNA per mg/m2 dose) and appeared to approach a plateau by the end of the cycle (above 600 mg/m2 cumulative dose). The average rate of O6-methylguanine formation 2 hr after dacarbazine treatment was 11 +/- 8 x 10(-4) fmole/microgram DNA per mg/m2 dose. Individuals examined on more than one treatment cycle with either drug showed broadly similar methylation responses. The rate of adduct accumulation showed a nonsignificant, negative correlation with the pretreatment lymphocyte levels of the repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) in the case of procarbazine and no correlation in the case of dacarbazine. No consistent lymphocyte AGT depletion was noted as a result of treatment with either drug. No correlation between O6-methylguanine formation and hematological toxicity was observed. In eight patients showing full remission after treatment with dacarbazine, the value of O6-methylguanine (averaged over all the cycles) was 0.252 +/- 0.120 fmole/microgram DNA while in four patients showing partial or no response it was 0.087 +/- 0.110 fmole/microgram DNA (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pressure on public spending budgets likely to last seven more years
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Austerity is here to stay, through to the 2015 election and even possibly the one due in 2020, the Institute for Government has said. 

“There is more to come, for a long time to come,” the institute declared in a joint press briefing held with the Institute for Fiscal Studies on the issues to be considered by the chancellor of the exchequer, George Osborne, in his 2015-16 spending review, expected on 26 June.

Health has been largely protected from the cuts in public spending introduced by the coalition government in 2010; but as a direct result spending in other government departments has been disproportionately affected, explained Carl Emmerson, deputy director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. 

He predicted that in addition to the 9.1% cut in spending promised by the government in 2010 (and already largely achieved), a further cut of 2.8% was likely to be announced by Osborne in his review of spending for 2015-16. In the following two years, 2016-18, which Osborne will not deal with, Emmerson estimated that a further 7.6% cut would be needed, …
Abuse of Methylamphetamine
Authors: D. Hawks, M. Mitcheson, A. Ogborne, G. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Seventy-four regular users of methylamphetamine injections were interviewed in four settings by use of a relatively structured standardized questionary. All but two had injected methylamphetamine within the previous 48 hours and had on average been using methylamphetamine continuously for 19 months.Significant features found in those interviewed were British nationality, single status, under 25 years of age, and a history of parental separation, absence, or bereavement. Educational standards were poor and a history of consistent truancy from secondary school was frequently reported.Comparison of their best and present occupations showed that downward drift had occurred. Forty-one per cent. of the sample had some definite or tentative evidence of neurotic disturbance in childhood. Twenty-three per cent. had been sentenced to detention centre, approved school, or Borstal training, and 20% had been sentenced to prison. Sixty-five per cent. had been charged with offences of one sort and 24% had been convicted of both drug and non-drug offences.A significant number had been heavy drinkers in the past, while most had been, and in many cases still were, multiple-drug users who had first started to use drugs between the ages of 16 and 20 years. They tended to have obtained methylamphetamine initially from people they knew or from sellers. While the majority were currently getting methylamphetamine from doctors, the fact that 40% gave non-medical agents as their major source of drugs suggests that a significant number were supplementing their supplies from illicit sources. More than one-half were rated as being continually involved in the "drug scene."Most of those interviewed accepted frequent psychotic episodes as a side-effect of their use of methylamphetamine. Malnutrition, weight loss, and sleep disturbance were frequent.
[743] IMMUNE RESPONSES AND FIBROSIS IN ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Authors: M.G. Neuman, G.G. Katz, I. Malkiewitz, J.-P. Benhamou, P. Marcelin, D.C. Valla, M. Bourliere, H. Schmilovitz-Weiss, Z. Ben-Ari, R. Tur-Kaspa, C. Trepo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Barry J. Maron
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Context Throughout the past 40 years, a vast and sometimes contradictory literature has accumulated regarding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic cardiac disease caused by a variety of mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins and characterized by a broad and expanding clinical spectrum.Objectives To clarify and summarize the relevant clinical issues and to profile rapidly evolving concepts regarding HCM.Data Sources Systematic analysis of the relevant HCM literature, accessed through MEDLINE (1966-2000), bibliographies, and interactions with investigators.Study Selection and Data Extraction Diverse information was assimilated into a rigorous and objective contemporary description of HCM, affording greatest weight to prospective, controlled, and evidence-based studies.Data Synthesis Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a relatively common genetic cardiac disease (1:500 in the general population) that is heterogeneous with respect to diseasecausing mutations, presentation, prognosis, and treatment strategies.Visibility attached to HCM relates largely to its recognition as the most common cause of sudden death in the young (including competitive athletes).Clinical diagnosis is by 2-dimensional echocardiographic identification of otherwise unexplained left ventricular wall thickening in the presence of a nondilated cavity.Overall, HCM confers an annual mortality rate of about 1% and in most patients is compatible with little or no disability and normal life expectancy.Subsets with higher mortality or morbidity are linked to the complications of sudden death, progressive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation with embolic stroke.Treatment strategies depend on appropriate patient selection, including drug treatment for exertional dyspnea (␤-blockers, verapamil, disopyramide) and the septal myotomymyectomy operation, which is the standard of care for severe refractory symptoms associated with marked outflow obstruction; alcohol septal ablation and pacing are alternatives to surgery for selected patients.High-risk patients may be treated effectively for sudden death prevention with the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.Conclusions Substantial understanding has evolved regarding the epidemiology and clinical course of HCM, as well as novel treatment strategies that may alter its natural history.An appreciation that HCM, although an important cause of death and disability at all ages, does not invariably convey ominous prognosis and is compatible with normal longevity should dictate a large measure of reassurance for many patients.
Fatal cholestatic jaundice in elderly patients taking benoxaprofen.
Authors: H M Taggart, J M Alderdice
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Fatal cholestatic jaundice in elderly patients taking benoxaprofenBenoxaprofen is a relatively new propionic acid derivative that is extensively prescribed for patients with arthritis.The most important adverse effect so far reported is a photosensitivity skin reaction.We report five cases of cholestatic jaundice with fatal outcome in elderly women taking this preparation. Case reportsAll patients were women over the age of 80 years and were treated with benoxaprofen 600 mg daily.Case 1-An 86-year-old woman presented in January 1981 with a confusional state.She had a smooth firm liver palpable 6 cm below the costal margin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 75 mm in first hour, and a slightly raised alkaline phosphatase activity.She recovered spontaneously and was not seen until June 1981 when benoxaprofen was started for longstanding rheumatoid arthritis.Her final illness began in November 1981, when she
Tuberculosis Screening of Applicants for US Immigration
Authors: James Bayuk
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The review of tuberculosis (TB) surveillance data by Dr Cantwell and colleagues<sup>1</sup>highlights non—US-born individuals as the source of 60% of the total increase in TB cases in the United States and acknowledges specific concerns about overseas diagnosis of TB and follow-up after immigration to the United States. The large potential contribution of active TB cases by migrants is demonstrated by data retrieved from the Immigration Examination Clinic in Manila, Philippines, and a brief summary of current screening procedures. One purpose for the immigration medical examination is to exclude applicants with infectious TB.<sup>2</sup>This is determined by an abnormal chest roentgenogram (CXR) and whether or not the sputum smear is positive or negative for tubercle bacilli. An applicant with a stable, abnormal CXR and negative sputum smears is eligible to migrate to the United States. An applicant with an abnormal CXR or series suggestive of active
Editor in chief of Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association resigns
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The editor in chief of the Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association ( Tidsskriftet for Den Norske Legeforening ) has resigned after 13 years in the post, despite protests from six leading editors from around the world.

Charlotte Haug, who is also vice chair of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), will leave the Norwegian journal on 10 February.

A notice about Haug’s departure from the journal, which was posted on the website of the Norwegian Medical Association, said that the journal had undergone considerable change in the past 10-15 years as a result of rapid developments in technology and falling revenue from advertising. A reorganisation of the journal during this time led to …
AN EPIDEMIC OF STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION IN A SKIN HOSPITAL
Authors: W. C. NOBLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY. The epidemic spread of a streptococcus through the wards of a skin hospital is described. Nineteen patients had lesions infected with a Group A Type T 8/25/Imp 19 streptococcus resistant to tetracycline and neomycin. Five skin or nasal carriers were also detected.
A CASE OF PHANTOM TUMOR.
Authors: C. N. COOPER
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Mrs. W., aged 44, and mother of four living children, consulted me about March I, 1882, with reference to her expected confinement. She ceased menstruation the previous July,but having a slight show in September, since which time there had been no sign of menstruation. She is the subject of extreme prolapsus uteri, which for two years has caused the os to present at the vulva whenever she is upon her feet for a considerable time. This condition still exists. Mrs. W. is confident that she is pregnant, for she has felt motion for nearly three months, and her breasts have enlarged, appear lively and contain a fluid resembling thin breast milk. Her abdomen is not as large as usual at this period of gestation, and sometimes becomes quite small for her. At other times the distension appears to be mostly on one side—always the left. I informed the patient that
The Unborn Patient
Authors: Stefan Ansbacher
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Faber and Ross reviewed two recent treatises on Life Before and at Birth ( Science [Aug 22] 1969, p 783). They concluded that prenatal research is expensive. It is therefore often done on a casual basis by workers whose primary obligations lie elsewhere, and the results are less brilliant. This criticism may not be justifiable considering such data as presented by Gregg and Hutchinson inThe Journal( 209 :1059, 1969). Less brilliant, however, is the editorial comment on page 1081 by Warren J. Warwick, MD, The Unborn Patient. He concedes that the unborn is neither a vital statistic nor a tax deduction. Yet, he affirms that the unborn is a person; in fact, he may be a patient for which the patient-physician contract obtains, although he has never been met. Views such as Dr. Warwick's are not conducive to research and are much closer to the 1600 BC
The applicability and prognostic value of the new TNM classification system for primary cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: results on a large cohort of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and comparison with the system used by the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group
Authors: N.J. Senff, R. Willemze
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Recently, a consensus proposal was published for a TNM classification system for all primary cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, meant to document extent of disease in a consistent manner. The applicability and the prognostic significance of this system have not been investigated thus far.To test the applicability and prognostic relevance of the proposed TNM classification system on a cohort of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL).The study group included 71 primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas (PCMZL), 171 primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphomas (PCFCL) and 58 primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, leg type (PCLBCL, LT). As only patients with primary cutaneous lymphoma were included (T1-3, N0M0), only the T-rating was scored. The results were compared with the scoring as applied by the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group.The system was easily applicable to all cases. In PCMZL and PCFCL no correlation was found between T-score and survival (5-year disease-specific survival: T1, 100% and 98%; T2, 94% and 93%; T3, 100% and 88%, respectively). In PCLBCL, LT there was a clear, although statistically not significant, association between increasing T-score and reduced survival (5-year disease-specific survival: T1, 75%; T2, 49%; T3, 0%; P = 0.077). Comparing the TNM system with the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group system, there was a discrepancy in the classification of 20 cases.The new TNM system is a useful tool to document disease extent in patients with CBCL and provides prognostic information in the group of patients with PCLBCL, LT.
Effect of high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid on its biliary enrichment in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Daniel Rost, Gerda Rudolph, Petra Kloeters-Plachky, Adolf Stiehl
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has beneficial effects in cholestatic liver diseases. In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), there is evidence that high doses (±20 mg/kg) of UDCA may be more effective than average doses. Biliary enrichment of UDCA at such high doses may represent the decisive factor for its beneficial effect. Up to now it is not clear how high-dose UDCA correlates with its biliary enrichment and whether bacterial degradation of large amounts of UDCA may lead to an increased bacterial formation of more toxic hydrophobic bile acids. We determined the biliary bile acid composition in 56 patients with PSC including 30 patients with repeat bile samples treated with various doses of UDCA. At a UDCA dose of 10-13 mg/kg/d (n = 18) biliary UDCA represented 43.1% + 0.3% (mean + SD) of total bile acids; at a UDCA dose of 14-17 mg/kg (n = 14), its biliary content increased to 46.9% + 0.3%, at 18-21 mg/kg (n = 34) to 55.9% + 0.2%, at 22-25 mg/kg (n = 12) to 58.6% + 2.3%, and at 26-32 mg/kg (n = 8) to 57.7% + 0.4%. During UDCA treatment, the biliary content of all other bile acids was unchanged or decreased. In conclusion , biliary enrichment of UDCA increases with increasing dose and reaches a plateau at 22-25 mg/kg. There was no increase of toxic hydrophobic bile acids. If biliary enrichment of UDCA represents the decisive factor for its clinical effect, it seems likely that UDCA doses of up to 22-25 mg/kg may be more effective than lower doses. (Hepatology 2004;40:693-698.)