tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species stimulate insulin-like growth factor I synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Patrick Delafontaine, Li Ku
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: The objective was to study potential regulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I), its binding proteins, and the IGF I receptor by reactive oxygen species in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods: We used cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells exposed to xanthine (100 μM) and xanthine oxidase (5 μU/ml) or H2O2 (200 μM) and measured IGF I mRNA levels by solution hybridization/RNase protection assays, IGF I protein levels by radioimmunoassay, and IGF binding proteins by Western ligand blotting. Additionally, we measured the effect of anti-IGF I antiserum on xanthine/xanthine oxidase- and H2O2-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation. Results: Xanthine/xanthine oxidase and H2O2 stimulated increases in IGF I mRNA and protein levels and reduced IGF binding protein-4 levels in conditioned medium. The effect of xanthine/xanthine oxidase was inhibited by the scavengers superoxide dismutase and catalase. Xanthine/xanthine oxidase- and H2O2-stimulated DNA synthesis was completely inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IGF I antiserum. Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species increased vascular smooth muscle cell synthesis of IGF I and reduced levels of the inhibitory IGF binding protein-4. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species-induced DNA synthesis was inhibited by an anti-IGF I antiserum. These findings suggest that the autocrine IGF I system plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle cell growth responses to reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the findings have important implications for understanding biological responses to changes in redox state.
Abstract 3522: Preclinical development of an anti-CD30/anti-CD16A bispecific tetravalent TandAb antibody for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Stefan H. Knackmuss, Uwe Reusch, Carmen Burkhardt, Ivica Fucek, Fabrice Le Gall, Hans-Gerd Pauels, Eugene A. Zhukovsky, Melvyn Little
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract NK cells are professional cytotoxic immune effector cells and, unlike cytotoxic T cells, exist in a constitutively activated state not requiring pre- or co-stimulation. Thus, NK cells are attractive effectors to employ for cancer immunotherapy with bispecific antibodies. To improve the recruitment and activation of NK cells for lysis of tumor cells, we isolated a human antibody that was highly specific for the A isoform of FcαRIII (CD16A) and displayed substantially lower dissociation constant than native or Fc-optimized mAbs. The variable domains of this antibody were used to construct a tetravalent bispecific antibody, termed TandAb, consisting solely of antibody variable domains, with two valencies for CD16A (on effector cells) and two for CD30 (on target cells). CD30 represents a validated tumor target which is expressed on Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg lymphoma cells, and on some activated immune cells. The binding properties of the TandAb and its efficacy for inducing tumor cell lysis were compared to those of a native anti-CD30 mAb, a mAb with enhanced Fc receptor binding properties, and an anti-CD30 bispecific diabody, all of which comprised the same anti-CD30 variable domains as the TandAb. Due to its bivalency for CD16A, the TandAb was retained longer on NK cells than the IgGs or the bispecific diabody, and relatively high concentrations of IgG were necessary to displace it from NK cells. The TandAb bound equally well to both CD16A alleles (158F, 158V) indicating a potentially broader patient response than that achieved with current therapeutic mAbs. The TandAb did not induce any systemic activation of NK cells even though it's binding was bivalent to CD16A. In a cytotoxicity assay, the TandAb displayed higher potency (EC50) and higher efficacy (maximal lysis) than the IgGs or the bispecific diabody. Cynomolgus monkeys were identified as the only relevant species for toxicity testing. Pharmacokinetics studies revealed half-lives for the TandAb up to 22.9 h after repeated dosing. No MTD was reached in a single dose escalation study to a maximum dose of 100 mg/kg. A pivotal 28 days toxicity study in which animals were dosed repeatedly up to 10 mg/kg every other day revealed an excellent safety profile. Several immunological parameters were assessed indicating no signs of immunotoxicity or systemic cytokine release. In conclusion, TandAbs may provide a more effective treatment for tumors that are refractory to treatment with IgGs and is currently being evaluated in the Phase I clinical trial. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3522. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3522
Authors' reply to Bunker
Authors: M. Arya, J. Kalsi, J. Kelly, A. Muneer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We acknowledge Bunker’s expertise and contribution in the field of genital lichen sclerosus et atrophicus,1 but our article covered all premalignant and malignant diseases of the penis, not just lichen sclerosus.2

We emphasised that the risk of developing penile squamous …
Relation between preexistent coronary collateral circulation and the incidence of restenosis after successful primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Izuru Nakae, Masatoshi Fujita, Tetsuro Fudo, Tomoyuki Iwase, Terumitsu Tanaka, Shun-Ichi Tamaki, Ryuji Nohara, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Aspirin in the Prevention of Coronary Disease
Authors: Valentin Fuster, Marc Cohen, Jonathan Halperin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The salutary effects of willow bark have been known to several cultures for centuries. Salicin, the active ingredient, is a bitter glycoside from which sodium salicylate was isolated in 1829 by Leroux, who demonstrated its antipyretic effects.1 The pharmaceutical chemist Hoffman, while employed by the Bayer Company, later prepared acetylsalicylic acid, which was shown to have antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. It was introduced into clinical medicine at the turn of the century, under the name "aspirin."1 The inhibitory action of this compound on blood platelets was not discovered until the late 1960s,2 and it has been little more than a . . .
George Andrew Strain
Authors: Hazel Isaacs
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Hartlepool (b 1909; q St Andrews 1933), died from bronchopneumonia on 26 February 2006.




Figure 1




George's testimonials for his first house jobs were provided by the medical officer from Shackleton's Antarctic expedition. In 1936 he joined his uncle in general practice in Hartlepool, where he remained until he retired in 1980. In 1940 George served in the Royal Air Force as medical officer with 127 Squadron until being called back in 1945 to what was mainly singlehanded general practice. George was also part time anaesthetist at a local maternity hospital, gave first aid lectures for several organisations, and was medical officer for Hartlepool United Football Club for many years. He is survived by Ethel, his wife of nearly 55 years; a daughter; and two grandsons.
2D SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY WAS HELPFUL TO PREDICT MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION AND INTRAMYOCARDIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN ACUTE PHASE OF ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AFTER REPERFUSION THERAPY
Authors: Hang Zhao, Heng Ge, Zheng Li, Xuedong Shen, Zhiqing Qiao, Ben He
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Travel Notes on Ceylon and the Singhalese.
Authors: V. Wijetunge
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Chicago, Nov. 23, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with much interest the "Travel Notes" on Ceylon by your able correspondent, Dr. Nicholas Senn. The statements of Dr. Senn apparently seek to give the impression that the Singhalese are the aborigines of Ceylon and are savages. The doctor says that "Ceylon was called Singhala by the natives of the island." It is not so. Originally Ceylon was known as Lanka or Lanka Dwipe (meaning the resplendent island). The word Singhalese was not derived from the name of the island, and the Singhalese are not the aborigines of Ceylon. Singhala (Sanskrit) means, literally, lion-killer—Singha, lion; hala, to fell. And the story is this: Wangu Desa, northeastern part of India, was the original abode of the ancestors of the present Singhalese race. A lion that devastated a part of that country, defying the prowess of many warriors, was killed by Prince
Concepts in Cancer Medicine
Authors: Michael B. Shimkin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The American Association for Cancer Education was founded in 1966, around the nationally subsidized Coordinators of Cancer Education. A self-assessment syllabus was prepared in 1976 and expanded a few years later into the presentConcepts.  The 46-chapter, 700-page volume is divided into three major sections: basic science, clinical detection and support, and site-specific tumors. Annotated references and self-assessment problems and answers conclude almost every chapter.  The sponsorship, relationship to official agencies, and similar backgrounds of the 48 contributors (exactly half being from the University of Wisconsin) guarantee orthodox positions, supported by rather pat answers to the problems. It would have been desirable to expand on truly controversial issues, rather than options. And, of course,Conceptsreflects the therapeutic overkill that typifies modern medicine. How can an asymptomatic patient with pulmonary metastases of melanoma accept a no treatment option (p 295) when aggressiveness is urged on the physician (p 385), even
Nuclear gene trees and the phylogenetic relationships of the mangabeys (Primates: Papionini)
Authors: E. E. Harris, T. R. Disotell
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Phylogenetic relationships of mangabeys within the Old World monkey tribe Papionini are inferred from analyses of nuclear DNA sequences from five unlinked loci. The following conclusions are strongly supported, based on congruence among trees derived for the five separate gene regions: (1) mangabeys are polyphyletic within the Papionini; (2) Cercocebus is the sister taxon to the genus Mandrillus; and (3) Lophocebus belongs to a clade with Papio and Theropithecus, with Papio as its most likely sister taxon. Morphologically based phylogenies positing mangabey monophyly were evaluated by mapping the sequences for each locus on these trees. The data seem to fit these trees poorly in both maximum-parsimony and likelihood analyses. Incongruence among nuclear gene trees occurred in the interrelationships among Lophocebus, Papio, and Theropithecus. Several factors that may account for this incongruence are discussed, including sampling error, random lineage sorting, and introgression.
An Introduction to the Hospitalist Model
Authors: Robert M. Wachter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Motivated by a search for improved quality and efficiency, increasing numbers of hospitals and physicians are moving from systems in which all primary care providers manage their own hospitalized patients or rotate this responsibility among themselves at infrequent intervals to voluntary or mandatory systems in which patients are "handed off" to the care of an inpatient physician, the "hospitalist." All hospitalists manage medical patients in the hospital. Other potential roles for these physicians include triage in the emergency department, transfer of "out-of-network" patients, management of patients in the intensive care unit, preoperative and postoperative management of surgical patients, and leadership in hospital quality improvement and regulatory work. Hospitalists may add value by being more available to inpatients, having more hospital experience and expertise, and having an increased commitment to hospital quality improvement compared with primary care providers. Potential disadvantages of the hospitalist model include loss of information as a result of discontinuity of care, patient dissatisfaction, loss of acute care skills by primary care physicians, and burnout among hospitalists. A variety of models of care are needed to meet the clinical, organizational, financial, and political demands of diverse health care systems. The favored model should be that which produces the best clinical outcomes and the highest patient satisfaction at the lowest cost.
The Haemodynamics of Cardiac Tamponade and Blood Volume Overload in Dogs
Authors: D. DeCristofaro, C. K. Liu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Haemodynamic responses to blood volume overload of 20 ml. whole blood per kg during experimental tamponade in dogs were studied. With blood volume overload, cardiac output, stroke volume, pericardial and left atrial pressures, and PA to LA pressure gradient were increased. Loss of the “y” descent of the atrial pressure curve and reduction of PA to LA pressure gradient were noted during tamponade.
On the relationship between time-series studies, dynamic population studies, and estimating loss of life due to short-term exposure to environmental risks.
Authors: Richard T Burnett, Anup Dewanji, Francesca Dominici, Mark S Goldberg, Aaron Cohen, Daniel Krewski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

There is a growing concern that short-term exposure to combustion-related air pollution is associated with increased risk of death. This finding is based largely on time-series studies that estimate associations between daily variations in ambient air pollution concentrations and in the number of nonaccidental deaths within a community. Because these results are not based on cohort or dynamic population designs, where individuals are followed in time, it has been suggested that estimates of effect from these time-series studies cannot be used to determine the amount of life lost because of short-term exposures. We show that results from time-series studies are equivalent to estimates obtained from a dynamic population when each individual's survival experience can be summarized as the daily number of deaths. This occurs when the following conditions are satisfied: a) the environmental covariates vary in time and not between individuals; b) on any given day, the probability of death is small; c) on any given day and after adjusting for known risk factors for mortality such age, sex, smoking habits, and environmental exposures, each subject of the at-risk population has the same probability of death; d) environmental covariates have a common effect on mortality of all members of at-risk population; and e) the averages of individual risk factors, such as smoking habits, over the at-risk population vary smoothly with time. Under these conditions, the association between temporal variation in the environmental covariates and the survival experience of members of the dynamic population can be estimated by regressing the daily number of deaths on the daily value of the environmental covariates, as is done in time-series mortality studies. Issues in extrapolating risk estimates based on time-series studies in one population to estimate the amount of life lost in another population are also discussed.
When Doctors Marry Doctors
Authors: C. Seth Landefeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters19 October 1999When Doctors Marry DoctorsC. Seth Landefeld, MDC. Seth Landefeld, MDUniversity of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94121 (Landefeld)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Rollman's interest in our work and agree that readers ought not to generalize inappropriately from our data. Nonetheless, we reemphasize that young doctors married to other doctors differed substantially from their peers in many characteristics of their professional and family lives. Moreover, these differences were most marked for female physicians. The findings reported in our original paper and those of our subsequent analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that parenting triggers marked changes in professional and family roles for many physicians and that these changes may be greatest for female physicians married to physicians. Longitudinal ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94121 (Landefeld) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoWhen Doctors Marry Doctors: A Survey Exploring the Professional and Family Lives of Young Physicians Nancy W. Sobecks , Amy C. Justice , Susan Hinze , Heidi Taylor Chirayath , Rebecca J. Lasek , Mary-Margaret Chren , John Aucott , Barbara Juknialis , Richard Fortinsky , Stuart Youngner , and C. Seth Landefeld When Doctors Marry Doctors Bruce L. Rollman Metrics 19 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 8Page: 631-632KeywordsChildrenLongitudinal studiesSexual identity Issue Published: 19 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tenure in Medical Schools-Reply
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> These letters reinforce one of the major arguments of my essay—that tenure is a highly emotional issue. Equating the preservation of tenure with humanitarianism, Oslerian tradition, and the "stupidity" of medical school administrations is obfuscatory and irrelevant. They also ignore the most important point of my article—namely, that in medical school, tenure guarantees only a small fraction of a faculty member's income. If all other sources of income are removed, the part that is protected by tenure would not be enough to sustain the life-style of most faculties, including probably the writers of the letters. These letters should also not be taken out of context with those of many thoughtful comments I have received. These arguments hold that at a time when retirement age is moving ever higher, or is being abolished altogether, the concept of tenure will keep universities from placing on their faculties the brightest young
A Reluctant Doctor Shopper
Authors: S.G. Cassiere
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998A Reluctant Doctor ShopperS.G. Cassiere, MDS.G. Cassiere, MDShreveport, LA 71103Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:My perspective is that of a general internist in private practice for the past 18 years who has no academic or administrative ties. What merits does this experience have for Annals? I raise a few questions to place Ms. Bingham's anecdote [1] in proper perspective before we strike out her general internist.Was the author's general internist on call when she called him at home on that Saturday? If he wasn't, she should have called the internist covering for her physician that weekend. Why the author had the physician's home number is unknown; the subsequent events provide ...References1. Bingham J. A reluctant doctor shopper. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:569-70. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Shreveport, LA 71103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 786 Issue Published: 1 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Vitamin E Deficiency in Variant Angina
Authors: Kunihisa Miwa, Yuko Miyagi, Akihiko Igawa, Keiko Nakagawa, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Oxidative modification of LDL has been suggested to increase coronary vasoreactivity to agonists. A deficiency of vitamin E, a major antioxidant, may be related to the occurrence of coronary artery spasm.Vitamin E levels were determined with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography in normolipidemic subjects, including 29 patients with active variant angina (group 1), 13 patients with inactive stage of variant angina without anginal attacks during the past 6 months (group 2), 32 patients with a significant (>75%) organic coronary stenosis and stable effort angina (group 3), and 30 patients without coronary artery disease (group 4). Total lipid levels in blood were calculated as total cholesterol plus triglyceride levels. The plasma alpha-tocopherol levels as well as alpha-tocopherol/lipids were significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 through 4. Also, the plasma gamma-tocopherol levels were significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 through 4. The vitamin E levels were not significantly different between group 1 patients with and those without a significant organic stenosis. In group 1, both alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels were significantly elevated after a > or = 6-month angina-free period. The alpha-tocopherol levels in the LDL fraction were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 4. Plasma alpha-tocopherol levels were significantly correlated with those in the LDL fractions. In 6 patients of group 1 still having anginal attacks while receiving calcium channel blockers, the addition of vitamin E acetate (300 mg/d) significantly elevated plasma alpha-tocopherol levels and inhibited the occurrence of angina.Plasma vitamin E levels were significantly lower in patients with active variant angina than in subjects without coronary spasm, suggesting an association between vitamin E deficiency and coronary artery spasm.
Process and outcome of care for patients with ovarian cancer.
Authors: A Liberati, C Mangioni, L Bratina, G Carinelli, S Marsoni, F Parazzini, M Regallo, R Talamini, G Tognoni
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The process and outcome of care for a group of patients with ovarian cancer treated over two years in two groups of Italian general hospitals were investigated. The quality of diagnostic and therapeutic measures did not substantially differ in specialised and non-specialised centres when selected indicators of quality of care were examined. Similarly, no differences in survival emerged for the two groups of hospitals. Overall results of the Italian series compared well with statistics of survival published by international centres for cancer, suggesting that when the yield of available treatments is limited both the process and outcome of care should be evaluated to obtain a reliable picture of quality of care. In the light of these results there are useful implications for planning future clinical trials and ways of caring.