tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Changes in Left Ventricular Volume and Contractility during Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Complete Heart Block
Authors: FREDARICK L. GOBEL, CHARLES R. JORGENSEN, KAZUTO KITAMURA, YANG WANG
Journal: Circulation (1971)

To determine whether changes in preload and contractility may account for clinical improvement in patients with complete heart block (CHB) when the ventricular rate is increased by pacing, 10 hemodynamic studies were performed in nine patients with CHB. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) was measured before and during pacing by the dye-dilution and the angiographic techniques. Changes in contractility were assessed from the first derivative of ventricular pressure divided by a common peak isovolumic pressure (CPIP) to correct for afterload and by EDV to correct for preload. EDV decreased during pacing, the mean value decreasing from 242 to 180 ml ( P &lt; 0.001). Since the left ventricular dp/dt is influenced by afterload and preload, improvement in contractility indices was consistent only after allowances were made for changes in aortic diastolic pressure and EDV. The mean dp/dt/CPIP divided by EDV increased from 0.120 to 0.160 ( P &lt; 0.005). The mean left ventricular enddiastolic pressure decreased from 17.0 to 9.7 mm Hg ( P &lt; 0.05) during pacing, while the mean cardiac index increased from 2.0 to 2.5 liters/min/m 2 ( P &lt; 0.025). The clinical improvement seen after pacing in patients with CHB results, in part, from an increase in contractility and a decrease in EDV and pressure.
Genetic Variation in the <i>FAS</i> Gene and Associations with Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Bradford J. Glavan, Tarah D. Holden, Christopher H. Goss, R. Anthony Black, Margaret J. Neff, Avery B. Nathens, Thomas R. Martin, Mark M. Wurfel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Fas (CD95) modulates apoptosis and inflammation and is believed to play an important role in lung injury.To determine if common genetic variation in FAS is associated with acute lung injury (ALI) susceptibility, risk of death, and FAS gene expression.We genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPS) in FAS in samples from healthy white volunteers (control subjects, n = 294) and patients with ALI (cases, n = 324) from the ARDSnet Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT). FAS genotypes associated with ALI in the discovery study were confirmed in a nested case-control validation study of critically ill patients at risk for ALI (n = 657). We also tested for associations between selected tagSNPS and FAS mRNA levels in whole blood from healthy control subjects exposed to media alone or LPS ex vivo.We identified associations between four tagSNPs in FAS (FAS(-11341A>T) [rs17447140], FAS(9325G>A) [rs2147420], FAS(21541C>T) [rs2234978], and FAS(24484A>T) [rs1051070]) and ALI case status. Haplotype-based analyses suggested that three of the tagSNPs (FAS(9325G>A), FAS(21541C>T), and FAS(24484A>T)) function as a unit. The association with this haplotype and ALI was validated in a nested case-control study of at-risk subjects (P = 0.05). This haplotype was also associated with increased FAS mRNA levels in response to LPS stimulation. There was no association between FAS polymorphisms and risk of death among ALI cases.Common genetic variants in FAS are associated with ALI susceptibility. This is the first genetic evidence supporting a role for FAS in ALI.
244. New Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease by Down Regulation of α-Synuclein
Authors: Hideki Mochizuki, Hiromi Hayashita-Kinoh, Masanori Yamada, Yoshikuni Mizuno
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by selective degeneration of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and abnormal cytoplasmic aggregates of α-synuclein. There is substantial evidence from molecular genetics, transgenic animal studies, and aggregation/toxicity studies with recombinant α-synuclein to suggest that conversion of this protein from soluble monomers to aggregated insoluble forms in the brain is a key event in the pathogenesis of PD. In the present study, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector delivery of α-synuclein ribozyme was tested for its silencing effect on degenerating nigrostriatal neurons in MPP+ model of PD. We designed α-synuclein ribozyme against human α-synuclein gene expression and constructed α-synuclein ribozyme carried rAAV vector (designated rAAV-SynRz). Co-transfection of rAAV-SynRz and rAAV-α- synuclein into HEK293 cells resulted down regulating α-synuclein protein expression in vitro. Then, rAAV-SynRz was injected into SN of the MPP+-treated rats. Cell counts of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra revealed that rAAV-SynRz protected a significant number of TH positive cells when compared with cell counts of rAAV-EGFP or no rAAV injected rats. In close agreement, 56.2% of TH-positive cells remained in the nigral rAAV-SynRz group vs only 30.9% of in the EGFP group or 31.8% of no-rAAV treatment. These data indicated that using of rAAV-SynRz could survive more TH-positive neuron in SN in MPP+ model. Down regulation of α-synuclein expression might be a possible therapeutic tool for gene therapy of PD.
Reduction in Cardiovascular Events During Pravastatin Therapy
Authors: Robert P. Byington, J. Wouter Jukema, Jukka T. Salonen, Bertram Pitt, Albert V. Bruschke, Helena Hoen, Curt D. Furberg, G. B. John Mancini
Journal: Circulation (1995)

It has been documented that the HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, or statins, can decrease cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with clinical coronary disease and moderately to severely elevated lipid levels. Additional data are required to demonstrate a reduction of vascular events in coronary patients with less than severely elevated lipid levels and in subgroups of this population.
Evaluation of Drug Therapy: Proceedings of the Symposium on Evaluation of Drug Therapy in Neurologic and Sensory Diseases
Authors: Norman DeNosaquo
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The National Advisory Neurological Diseases and Blindness Council is to be commended for sponsoring this 2-day conference which examined the problems of drug therapy evaluation. The program was planned around 4 half-day sessions, the first of which considered the problems of testing from the point of view of a pharmacologist, a representative of the pharmaceutical industry, a representative of the Food and Drug Administration, and several biostatisticians. The second and third sessions consisted of the meetings of the 8 special panels which considered such items as epilepsy, vertigo, neuralgias and neuropathies, headache, glaucoma and Parkinsonism. The last general session heard reports by the panel chairmen on the results of their deliberations and closed with a summation by Dr. Francis M. Forster, the general chairman. The general outline for testing programs was presented by the biostatisticians and touched on such items as the number of patients needed for a study, double
Chiropractic: The Victim's Perspective
Authors: Gregory W. Albers
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>Chiropractic: The Victim's Perspective</i>explores the field of chiropractic therapy from its inception in the early 1900s, when it was touted as a panacea for all human ailments, to its modern-day struggles for recognition as a legitimate and reimbursable form of medical care for patients with low back pain. The author, George Magner, who has a bachelor of science degree in biology, developed tinnitus and sensory loss following chiropractic cervical manipulation for treatment of low back pain. After learning that chiropractic neck manipulation is of no value for treatment of back pain, Magner founded Victims of Chiropractic, a support network and clearinghouse for information about the hazards of chiropractic therapy. The author has done extensive investigation of the scientific and medical basis for chiropractic therapy and concludes that it is primarily based on quackery, fraud, deception, and greed. In fact, the author admits, "I wrote this book as a way
Psoriasis in patients with HIV infection: From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation
Authors: Kavita Menon, Abby S. Van Voorhees, Bruce F. Bebo, Dafna D. Gladman, Sylvia Hsu, Robert E. Kalb, Mark G. Lebwohl, Bruce E. Strober
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
Mutant presenilins of Alzheimer's disease increase production of 42-residue amyloid β-protein in both transfected cells and transgenic mice
Authors: Martin Citron, David Westaway, Weiming Xia, George Carlson, Thekla Diehl, Georges Levesque, Kelly Johnson-wood, Michael Lee, Peter Seubert, Angela Davis, Dora Kholodenko, Ruth Motter, Robin Sherrington, Billie Perry, Hong Yao, Robert Strome, Ivan Lieberburg, Johanna Rommens, Soyeon Kim, Dale Schenk, Paul Fraser, Peter St George Hyslop, Dennis J. Selkoe
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Intranasal lidocaine for treatment of migraine
Authors: R. J. Lane
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —In my otolaryngology clinical practice, I have identified and treated patients with middle turbinate headache syndrome (MTHS), 1 which may simulate symptoms of acute migraine. These patients have enlarged middle turbinates often due to pneumatization (concha bullosa). It is theorized that contact between an enlarged middle turbinate and either the septum or lateral nasal wall may cause headache referred to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. These patients also typically respond to lidocaine or cocaine introduced intranasally with temporary relief of pain and headache. The diagnosis of MTHS is suspected with nasal endoscopy and is confirmed with a coronal computed tomographic (CT) scan of the sinus that demonstrates concha bullosa. Since the clinical presentation can be similar to migraine headache, I would recommend a coronal CT scan of the sinus and turbinates be performed in patients with headaches of questionable etiology.  Treatment of MTHS is directed at relieving the
Immunological Deficiency States.
Authors: Charles A. Janeway
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Immunological Deficiency States.Charles A. Janeway, M.D.Charles A. Janeway, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-733_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFor years, clinicians were primarily concerned with states of immunological hyperactivity, but in recent years attention has been turned to an ever-broadening spectrum of clinical conditions in which hypofunction of the immunologic apparatus of the body either occurs spontaneously or is produced purposefully in order to restrain the manifestations of hypersensitivity or to prevent homograft rejection.Combined evidence from clinical observations on patients and experimental work in animals makes it apparent that the capacity to manifest the delayed type of hypersensitivity and the ability to form antibodies are both dependent upon the integrity of the lymphoid structures, and that the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles A. Janeway, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 733-733KeywordsADHDAntibodiesHomograftsHypersensitivity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
A new approach to patient indexing.
Authors: J C Edwards, K Thompson, D G Jameson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

A computer based rheumatology patient index is described. Patients are indexed according to essential clinical and laboratory data without reference to Procrustean diagnostic labels. The stored information can be searched for a wide range of practical and scientific purposes. The software was devised in the windows environment for the Apricot Xen for maximum speed and intelligibility.
Ethics review of research and audit
Authors: Kamran Abbasi, Iona Heath
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Journals should not abdicate their responsibility 

W hat is the difference between audit and research? This may be an impossible question to answer although it hasn't stopped people trying. The distinction has important consequences, as Derick Wade points out in this issue, one of which is that many ethics committees exclude audit studies from their remit (p 468). 1 Responsibility for classification of a study as research or audit currently rests primarily with the investigator. A question that we are asked frequently is whether or not approval from an ethics committee is required for audit. A second question is whether or not journals consider studies that do not have approval from an ethics committee.

Researchers understand why ethical approval is required for research. Many investigators also understand that seeking approval from an ethics committee has become a …
RESULTS OF PROPHYLACTIC VACCINATION AGAINST PNEUMONIA AT CAMP WHEELER
Authors: Russell L. Cecil, Henry F. Vaughan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. 13,460 men, or about 80 per cent of the entire camp strength, were vaccinated against pneumonia with pneumococcus lipovaccine. 2. The dosage employed in all cases was 1 cc. of the lipovaccine containing approximately 10 billion each of Pneumococcus Types I, II, and III. 3. Both the local and general reactions produced by the vaccine were usually mild. Only 0.7 per cent of those who received the vaccine were sufficiently affected to need hospital care. None of these was seriously ill, and a majority of them returned to duty on the 2nd or 3rd day after admission. 4. Most of the troops inoculated were under observation for 2 or 3 months after vaccination. During this period there were 32 cases of Pneumococcus Type I, II, and III pneumonia among the vaccinated four-fifths of camp, and 42 cases of pneumonia of these types among the unvaccinated one-fifth of camp. If, however, all cases of pneumonia that developed within 1 week after vaccination are excluded from the vaccinated group, there remain only 8 cases of pneumonia produced by fixed types, and these were all secondary to severe attacks of influenza. This exclusion is justified by the fact that protective bodies do not begin to appear in the serum until the 8th day after injection of pneumococcus lipovaccine. 5. There is no evidence whatever that pneumococcus vaccine predisposes the individual even temporarily toward either pneumococcus or streptococcus pneumonia. 6. The weekly incidence rate for pneumonia (all types) among the vaccinated troops was conspicuously lower than that for the unvaccinated troops. 7. The pneumonia incidence rate per 1,000 men during the period of the experiment was twice as high for unvaccinated recruits as for vaccinated recruits, and nearly seven times as high for unvaccinated seasoned men as for vaccinated seasoned men. 8. Influenza causes a marked reduction in resistance to pneumonia even among vaccinated men. Of the 155 cases of pneumonia (all types) developing 1 week or more after vaccination, 133 were secondary to influenza. 9. The death rate for 155 cases of pneumonia (all types) that developed among vaccinated men 1 week or more after vaccination was only 12.2 per cent, whereas the death rate for 327 cases of all types that occurred among unvaccinated troops was 22.3 per cent. The death rate for primary pneumonia among vaccinated troops was 11.9 per cent. Among unvaccinated, it was 31.8 per cent, almost three times as great. On the other hand, the mortality rate in pneumonia secondary to influenza is about the same for the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. 10. In conclusion, it must be admitted that the results of pneurnococcus vaccination at Camp Wheeler have not been so striking as those obtained at Camp Upton in 1918, largely on account of the influenza epidemic; but, although influenza obscured to some extent the effect of pneumococcus vaccination at Camp Wheeler, the results are sufficiently encouraging to justify its further application in civil as well as in military life.
Diagnosis of Bilateral Abdominal Cryptorchidism by Laparoscopy
Authors: N. Cortesi, P. Ferrari, E. Zambarda, A. Manenti, A. Baldini, F. Pignatti Morano
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

The authors report a case of abdominal retention of both testes, where the exact diagnosis was made by laparoscopy. They suggest the usefulness of laparoscopy also in urology.
SOME QUESTIONS RELATIVE TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF ANESTHETIC LEPROSY.
Authors: J. G. McDOUGAL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

A. von Bergmann.has recently made some statements in regard to the increase of leprosy in Riga, and these are illustrative of what may be happening on the Pacific Coast.Riga, a city of 250,000 inhabitants, is the most active trade center of the Russian Baltic provinces.Von Bergmann says that undoubtedly in the Middle Ages there was leprosy in the city, but in the course of time it died out, and the last leper hospital was closed two hundred years ago, and Riga was for years as free of this scourge as either Berlin or Vienna.The very knowledge of it had vanished, and the writer says that when the older practicing physicians are now shown a case of leprosy they claim never to have seen anything before resembling it.The registers of the hospital show, however, that since the beginning of the sixties, two or three patients a year have been admitted as lepers, but they were mostly from outlying districts.Between 1870 and 1880, however, inhabitants of Riga were registered as lepers, and after this the number increased rapidly, for in the years 1881 to 1886, twenty-seven patients were admitted, and from 1887 to 1890, sixty-four.According to von Bergmann, the facts seem to be that Riga was
Intra-Abdominal Abscess Demonstrating an Unusually Large Intra-Abdominal Pattern on an lndium-111 Leukocyte Scan
Authors: RICHARD R. BLACK, MARIANO FERNANDEZ-ULLOA, BUCKLEY ter PENNING, JAMES YELLIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Indium-111 WBC imaging of a patient with occult septicemia revealed a large focal pattern of radiopharmaceutical distribution within the abdominal cavity at 24 hours post radiopharmaceutical administration. This finding was felt to represent a large intra-abdominal abscess. A five liter peritoneal abscess was found at surgery. This case illustrates an unusual presentation of an intra-abdominal abscess.
Hormone replacement therapy and tumour grade in breast cancer: prospective study in screening unit
Authors: C. Harding, W F Knox, E B Faragher, A Baildam, N J Bundred
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Several studies report an increased incidence of breast cancer in women taking hormone replacement therapy (apparently a duration dependent phenomenon)1 2 3; however, a decreased mortality from breast cancer has been reported in women using the treatment.1 We assessed the prognostic factors for breast cancers detected by screening at one unit to determine if cancers developing in women who used hormone replacement therapy have a better prognosis.

All postmenopausal women (>12 months since last menstrual period or women over 50 who had had a hysterectomy) with invasive breast cancer detected at our screening unit between 1989 and 1994 were identified. Prognostic factors and history of use of hormone replacement therapy were recorded. Women taking hormone replacement therapy for more than three months within the year before their breast cancer diagnosis were considered “users.” After definitive surgery, pathological tumour size, grade, …
Circulating antibodies and antigenic cross-reactivity in Hendersonula toruloidea and Scytalidium hyalinum infections
Authors: M.K. MOORE, R.J. HAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Twelve (34%) of thirty-five patients with an active infection on the palms or soles caused by Hendersonula toruloidea or Scytalidium hyalinum were found to have circulating antibodies to these organisms by counter immunoelectrophoresis or immunodiffusion, compared with 9% of uninfected controls. In every instance there was cross-reactivity between the positive patients' sera and the heterologous non-dermatophyte antigen. Using crossed and intermediate gel immunoelectrophoresis it was found that cytoplasmic extracts of H. toruloidea and S. hyalinum showed 34 and 41 precipitin peaks respectively, most of which were shared by both organisms. No cross-reactions were observed between the non-dermatophyte cytoplasmic extracts and hyperimmune animal antisera raised to Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Aspergillus fumigatus or Candida albicans. Exoantigens prepared from the two non-dermatophytes showed similar cross-reactivity between the two species. It appears that H. toruloidea and S. hyalinum are very similar in antigenic structure, a finding which lends support to the view that they may be closely related. They are also antigenically distinct from other pathogenic fungi which commonly infect skin, a fact which may be useful in their cultural identification as well as their recognition in tissue specimens.
Baseline Markers of Inflammation Are Associated With Progression to Macroalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Nathaniel L. Baker, Kelly J. Hunt, Patricia A. Cleary, Richard Klein, Gabriel Virella
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The current study aimed to determine in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications cohort whether or not abnormal levels of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction measured in samples collected at DCCT baseline were able to predict the development of macroalbuminuria.Levels of inflammation and endothelial cell dysfunction biomarkers were measured in 1,237 of 1,441 patients enrolled in the DCCT study who were both free of albuminuria and cardiovascular disease at baseline. To test the association of log-transformed biomarkers with albuminuria, generalized logistic regression models were used to quantify the association of increased levels of biomarkers and development of abnormal albuminuria. Normal, micro-, and macroalbuminuria were the outcomes of interest.In the logistic regression models adjusted by DCCT treatment assignment, baseline albumin excretion rate, and use of ACE/angiotensin receptor blocker drugs, one unit increase in the standardized levels of soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) was associated with an 87% increase in the odds to develop macroalbuminuria and one unit increase in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1; total and active), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR)-1 and -2 lead to a 30-50% increase in the odds to develop macroalbuminuria. Following adjustment for DCCT baseline retinopathy status, age, sex, HbA1c, and duration of diabetes, significant associations remained for sE-selectin and TNFR-1 and -2 but not for IL-6 or PAI-1.Our study indicates that high levels of inflammatory markers, mainly E-selectin and sTNRF-1 and -2, are important predictors of macroalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes.