tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Multidomain Lifestyle Modification on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: An Eighteen-Month Community-Based Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kang Soo Lee, Yunhwan Lee, Joung Hwan Back, Sang Joon Son, Seong Hye Choi, Young-Ki Chung, Ki-Young Lim, Jai Sung Noh, Sang Hyun Koh, Byoung Hoon Oh, Chang Hyung Hong
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A healthy lifestyle may protect against cognitive decline. We examined outcomes in elderly individuals after 18 months of a five-group intervention program consisting of various modalities to prevent cognitive decline. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing 460 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older in a geriatric community mental health center in Suwon, Republic of Korea, between 2008 and 2010. We developed an intervention program based on the principles of contingency management, which could be delivered by ordinary primary health workers. Group A (n = 81) received standard care services. Group B (n = 80) received bimonthly (once every 2 months) telephonic care management. Group C (n = 111) received monthly telephonic care management and educational materials similar to those in group B. Group D (n = 93) received bimonthly health worker-initiated visits and counseling. Group E (n = 94) received bimonthly health worker-initiated visits, counseling, and rewards for adherence to the program. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The primary outcome was the change in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores from baseline to the final follow-up visit at 18 months. Group E showed superior cognitive function to group A (adjusted coefficient β = 0.99, p = 0.044), with participation in cognitive activities being the most important determining factor among several health behaviors (adjusted coefficient β = 1.04, p &lt; 0.01). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Engaging in cognitive activities, in combination with positive health behaviors, may be most beneficial in preserving cognitive abilities in community-dwelling older adults.
HEALTH EXAMINATIONS AND THE PHYSICIAN
Authors: J. ROSSLYN EARP
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Three years ago it was decided to require of all applicants for admission to Antioch College a thorough medical examination. Since applications are received from practically every state in the Union, it was manifestly impossible for members of the college health department to undertake this work. An examination form was therefore drawn up to the end that reports should be comparable and should provide all the information necessary in selecting a student for a college in which half the time is spent in industrial employment. About 2,500 examinations have now been made, and it is possible to draw from the results certain conclusions as to the attitude of physicians in general toward the health examination. Since the report is not only a basis for selection but also a guide in assigning each freshman student to a particular industry, the examination must be made in some detail. The information required is
Fractionation and characterization of the immunosuppressive substance in crude extracellular products released by Streptococcus intermedius.
Authors: M P Arala-Chaves, M T Porto, P Arnaud, M J Saraiva, H Geada, C C Patrick, H H Fudenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The noncytotoxic immunosuppressive substance detected in crude extracellular products of Streptococcus intermedius (CEP-SI) was fractionated by two steps of preparative isoelectric focusing in sucrose gradients using ampholytes of pH range from 3.5 to 6 and 4 to 5, respectively. The in vitro and in vivo suppressor effects of the most highly purified fraction of CEP-Si, designated fraction 3' (F3'EP-Si), corresponded well with those of the original CEP-Si. F3'EP-Si was sensitive to the effects of alpha, gamma, and delta chymotrypsin, trypsin, and heating. It contained approximately 1% of the total amount of protein found in the original CEP-Si, corresponding to a single band on analytical isoelectric focusing, stainable by Coomassie Blue and of isoelectric point of 4.25. The absorption spectrum of F3'EP-Si had a maximum at 260 nm but its biological activity was resistant to deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease A and it did not contain material stainable by methylene blue. It was also resistant to neuraminidase and did not contain material stainable by periodic acid schiff. We conclude that the substance responsible for the suppressor activity of CEP-Si is a protein of molecular weight approximately 90,000, which adheres to Sephadex of cellulose acetate and forms complexes with other, nonactive constituents of CEP-Si.
Liver anti-inflammatory pathways: Potential ways to control liver damage
Authors: Fiona J. Warner, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) is an orphan nuclear receptor believed to play a key role in bile acid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, and intestinal cell crypt renewal. LRH-1 has recently been reported to negatively regulate the hepatic acute phase response by antagonizing, at least in part, the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein signaling pathway. Here we have shown, using adenovirus-mediated LRH-1 overexpression and gene-silencing experiments, that the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) gene is a novel LRH-1 target gene in hepatic cells. Promoter mapping and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that LRH-1 regulates IL-1RA gene expression under inflammatory conditions at the transcriptional level via the binding to an LRH-1 response element. Interestingly, IL-1RA induction by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide is significantly lower in LRH-1 heterozygous compared with wild-type mice, demonstrating the contribution of LRH-1 in IL-1RA gene regulation. Finally, RNA interference experiments indicate that LRH-1 blocks the hepatic acute phase response by, at least in part, inducing IL-1RA expression. Taken together, these results lead to the identification of IL-1RA as a novel LRH-1 target gene and demonstrate the existence of multiple mechanisms contributing to the overall anti-inflammatory properties of LRH-1 in hepatic cells.
PENTOSURIA AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Robert E. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Although recognized<sup>1</sup>in 1892, few cases of chronic essential pentosuria have been reported. Enklewitz and Lasker<sup>2</sup>in 1933 were able to find reports of 100 cases, to which they added 12. They pointed out, however, that the condition is not excessively rare if consistently looked for in all instances in which a small amount of reducing substances' is found in the urine. Marble<sup>1</sup>reported in 1932 that 3 cases had been found at the Joslin Clinic in a series of 9,000 cases of mellituria and by 1940 was able to report recognition of 9 cases. He emphasized the likelihood of their being mistakenly classified as examples of renal glycosuria unless the ty[ill] of urinary sugar is determined. Obviously there is equal danger of their being mistaken for cases of diabetes mellitus and of being treated as such. The occurrence of chronic pentosuria in association with diabetes mellitus
Atopic dermatitis and congenital deafness
Authors: F. SCHULTZ LARSEN, P. VASE, H. SCHMIDT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

In a family with perceptive, non‐progressive hearing loss several of the members suffered from atopic dermatitis. The proband had a severe atopic dermatitis and an extremely high IgE value. Some of the family members suffered from atopic dermatitis, others from deafness, and some from both diseases. The co‐existence of these two disorders has been previously described in two families. Atopic dermatitis and perceptive, non‐progressive congenital deafness might be genetically associated.
The targeted podocyte
Authors: Agnes B. Fogo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The podocyte plays a key role both in maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier and in glomerular structural integrity. Podocyte injury and loss contribute to proteinuria and progressive sclerosis. Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have variably decreased or caused proteinuria and sclerosis in human disease and experimental settings. In this issue of the JCI, two interesting studies of podocyte-specific manipulation of the mTOR system shed light on the complexity of this pathway in the podocyte.
Unusual case of dermatomyositis.
Authors: J A Foley, C M Roland Payne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases we found 2 Schmorl G. Junghanns H. Ile Iiieit ma spine in lien/iltl, 01(1 differences between the seropositive and seronegative disease.2nd American edition translaited aind editcd by E F patients that to some extent paralleled our original
Non‐myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Keren Osman, Brian Elliott, John Mandeli, Eileen Scigliano, Adriana Malone, Luis Isola, Celia Grosskreutz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

In multiple myeloma (MM), allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) carries a lower relapse risk than autologous transplantation but a greater transplant-related mortality. Nonmyeloablative conditioning for allogeneic transplantation (NST) reduces transplant-related toxicity. Results are encouraging when used during first remission in low-risk patients, but less-so in relapsed or refractory disease. This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 20 previously treated MM patients who underwent NST from matched-related or matched-unrelated donors from 2000-2006. Median age was 52.7 years (37.2-68.0). Twenty-five percent had advanced or high-risk disease. Eleven still had active disease prior to NST. Conditioning was total body irradiation 200 cGy on a single fraction on day -5, followed by antithymocyte globulin (ATG) 1.5 mg/kg/day and fludarabine 30 mg/m(2)/day on days -4 to -2. All received immunosuppression, most commonly with oral mycofenylate mofetil and cyclosporine beginning on day -5. At day 100, 50% had achieved complete remission. Transplant-related mortality was 25%. Median overall survival (OS) was 21.2 months (0.6-90+) and progression-free survival (PFS) 6.6 months (0.6-90+). Both OS and PFS were 24% at 3 years. OS was significantly greater for patients with age <52 years (median 27 months vs. 7.9 months, P = 0.031), and there was a trend toward greater OS for those with beta2 microglobulin <2.5 mg/l (median 27 months vs. 7.7 months, P = 0.08). Donor characteristics and Ig type had no significant effect on survival. These data suggest a benefit of NST in relapsed/refractory MM. Randomized trials must be performed to confirm and further qualify this benefit.
ABC of Medical Computing: CD ROMS, MULTIMEDIA, AND OPTICAL STORAGE SYSTEMS
Authors: A. Millman, N. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1995)

CD ROMs (compact disc read only memory) have emerged as one of the most useful technologies of the 1990s. They look identical to the familiar audio compact disc, but store large amounts of computer data rather than music. Fortunately, they are as easy to use as their audio counterparts. Prices start at just a few pounds, although subscriptions to some of the medical databases can be expensive (about £1000 a year).

To access these titles you need a CD ROM drive in your computer. If necessary, these drives are easy to install, but they are increasingly found as a standard fitting on many new computers.



CD ROM drive.



Each CD ROM has a capacity of over 600 megabytes—equivalent to more than 400 floppy disks—and can store up to 300000 pages of text. They are therefore ideal for storing articles published in medical journals. The disc shown opposite contains every article published in the BMJ over the past seven years (over 17000). Another disc in the same series contains every article published over the past year in the Lancet, BMJ, Annals of Internal Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, and JAMA. SilverPlatter produces several text based CD ROMs covering a wide range of medical topics. For example, the AIDSLINE disc contains over 99000 records from 1980 to the present taken from over 3000 journals, plus government reports, letters, technical reports, abstracts and papers from meetings, monographs, special publications, and theses. Any of these discs can easily be searched for a specific word or phrase. Any relevant articles that you find can then be printed out or viewed on the screen.



Macmillan's Medical Compact Library.



More complex CD ROM titles containing a rich mixture of text, colour photographs, video clips, animations, and stereo sound are now being released. These are known as …
Myelodysplastic syndromes, from French-American-British to World Health Organization: comparison of classifications on 431 unselected patients from a single institution
Authors: Thomas Nösslinger, Regina Reisner, Elisabeth Koller, Helga Grüner, Heinz Tüchler, Hadwiga Nowotny, Elisabeth Pittermann, Michael Pfeilstöcker
Journal: Blood (2001)
Pharmacokinetics of propafenone hydrochloride sustained-release capsules in male beagle dogs
Authors: Liping Pan, Yafang Qian, Minlu Cheng, Pan Gu, Yanna He, Xiaowen Xu, Li Ding
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

This paper describes the development and validation of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric assay for propafenone and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of propafenone administered as a new propafenone hydrochloride sustained-release capsule (SR-test), as an instant-release tablet (IR-reference) and as the market leader sustained-release capsule (Rythmol, SR-reference) in male beagle dogs (n=8). In Study A comparing SR-test with IR-reference in a crossover design T max and t 1/2 of propafenone for SR-test were significantly higher than those for IR-reference while C max and AUC were lower demonstrating the sustained release properties of the new formulation. In Study B comparing SR-test with SR-reference the observed C max and AUC of propafenone for SR-test (124.5±140.0 ng/mL and 612.0±699.2 ng·h/mL, respectively) were higher than for SR-reference (78.52±72.92 ng/mL and 423.6±431.6 ng·h/mL, respectively) although the differences were not significant. Overall, the new formulation has as good if not better sustained release characteristics to the market leader formulation.
Depression Vulnerabilities in Patients with Different Levels of Depressive Symptoms after Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Nina Rieckmann, Matthew M. Burg, William Gerin, William F. Chaplin, Lynn Clemow, Karina W. Davidson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal vulnerabilities have been studied in patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for major depression and dysthymia. The extent to which these vulnerabilities are present in cardiac patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms – a risk factor for mortality – is unknown. Moreover, few studies have examined interrelations among depression vulnerabilities. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A consecutive cohort of 314 patients with acute coronary syndrome completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and measures of cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal vulnerabilities (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Pleasant Events Schedule for the Elderly, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and an inventory of role transitions) within 1 week of hospital admission. Of the patients, 166 were classified as nondepressed (BDI score, 0–4), 91 as mildly depressed (BDI score, 10–16), and 57 as moderately to severely depressed (BDI score, &gt;16). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Compared with nondepressed patients, both mildly depressed and moderately to severely depressed patients exhibited higher mean levels of all vulnerabilities as well as a higher prevalence of more than one elevated vulnerability, defined by threshold scores. Vulnerabilities were only minimally interrelated (r = 0.01–0.25), and they were independently associated with mild and moderate depressive symptom status. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; This is the first study to show that cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal depression vulnerabilities are uniquelyassociated with concurrent depressive symptoms. There appeared to be only modest overlap between vulnerabilities, supporting the idea that depression in medically ill patients is a multifaceted phenomenon, even in the presence of minimally elevated depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are required before causality and treatment implications can be addressed.
Elimination of Coincident <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Nasal and Hand Carriage with Intranasal Application of Mupirocin Calcium Ointment
Authors: David R. Reagan, Bradley N. Doebbeling, Michael A. Pfaller, Carol T. Sheetz, Alison K. Houston, Richard J. Hollis, Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of mupirocin calcium ointment in the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus nasal and hand carriage in healthy persons. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Setting: Clinical research unit of a tertiary medical center. Subjects: Health care workers with stable S. aureus nasal carriage. Interventions: Subjects (n = 68) were randomly assigned to receive either mupirocin or placebo intranasally twice daily for 5 days. Measurements and Main Results: Cultures of the hands and nares were obtained at baseline and 72 hours after therapy. The nares were also cultured 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after therapy. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA were used to confirm strain identity. There were no serious side effects. Mupirocin decreased the frequency of S. aureus nasal carriage at each time interval: At 3 months, 71% of subjects receiving mupirocin remained free of nasal S. aureus compared with 18% of controls. This difference (53%; 95% CI, 26% to 80%) was significant (P < 0.0001). Additionally, analysis of plasmid patterns showed that 79% of subjects in the mupirocin group were free of the initial colonizing strain at 3 months. The proportion of hand cultures positive for S. aureus in the mupirocin group after therapy was lower than in the placebo group (2.9% compared with 57.6%). This difference (53%; 95 CI, 30% to 80%) was significant, after adjustment for the frequency of hand carriage at baseline (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: When applied intranasally for 5 days, mupirocin calcium ointment is safe and effective in eliminating S. aureus nasal carriage in healthy persons for up to 3 months and appears to have a corresponding effect on hand carriage at 72 hours after therapy.
The Humanity of Man — Men of the Past — Clinical Trial
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

SIR Wilfred Le Gros Clark, professor of anatomy at Oxford, chose a solemn and yet undeniably relevant subject for his presidential address at Norwich to the British Association for the Advancement of Science. As one of the world's leading anthropologists, he was able to speak with unusual authority as he traced the development of man from the "hominid" stage to the present time. Recent discoveries suggested that modern man's ancestors lived half a million years or more ago. These hominid creatures had brains that were little larger than those of a gorilla, but they evidently used tools and had the . . .
Measurement of DNA sequence copy number variation using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays
Authors: D.G. Albertson, R. Segraves, B. Huey, X. Zhang, J. Palmer, S. Blackwood, A. Snijders, G. Hamilton, B. Ljung, S. Dairkee, L. Bolund, H. Yuang, E. Niebuhr, J.W. Gray, D. Pinkel
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
TCT-263 Not Early Change in Serum Level Cystatin C, but Baseline Serum Cystatin C Level Predicted Contrast Induced Nephropathy and Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Hyung-Bok Park, Gwang-Sil Kim, Dong-Ho Shin, Jung-Sun Kim, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Donghoon Choi, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Young-Guk Ko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
US Health Care: What's Wrong and What's Right
Authors: Russell B. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1972)

If you are highly skeptical of the value of public opinion polls, you will not be particularly interested in this volume. If, on the other hand, you are impressed by the growing sophistication in the techniques of opinion sampling and recognize the immense reliance that so many of our legislators place on polls, you will find this study by Stephen Strickland, PhD, to be of striking interest. Dr. Strickland has worked assiduously with the Gallup organization in detailed opinion sampling of the public and of physicians, on a rather full spectrum of health and medical issues. This study seems to be objective and free from personal value judgments. Indeed, if there is any weakness in the presentation, it stems from the fact that the author does introduce conjectures in explaining some of the findings, and these surmises tend to be more "liberal" than "conservative." They are, however, all clearly labeled
Immunohistochemical colocalization of glycoxidation products and lipid peroxidation products in diabetic renal glomerular lesions. Implication for glycoxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: K Horie, T Miyata, K Maeda, S Miyata, S Sugiyama, H Sakai, C van Ypersole de Strihou, V M Monnier, J L Witztum, K Kurokawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) include a variety of protein adducts whose accumulation alters the structure and function of tissue proteins and stimulates cellular responses. They have been implicated in tissue damage associated with diabetic complications. To assess the possible link between AGE accumulation and the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), we have examined the immunohistochemical localization of various AGE structures postulated to date, i.e., pentosidine, Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), and pyrraline, in diabetic and control kidneys. CML and pentosidine accumulate in the expanded mesangial matrix and thickened glomerular capillary walls of early DN and in nodular lesions and arterial walls of advanced DN, but were absent in control kidneys. By contrast, pyrraline was not found within diabetic glomeruli but was detected in the interstitial connective tissue of both normal and diabetic kidneys. Although the distribution of pyrraline was topographically identical to type III collagen, distribution of pentosidine and CML was not specific for collagen type, suggesting that difference in matrix protein composition per se could not explain heterogeneous AGE localization. Since oxidation is linked closely to the formation of pentosidine and CML, we also immunostained malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product whose formation is accelerated by oxidative stress, assuming that local oxidative stress may serve as a mechanism of pentosidine and CML accumulation. Consistent with our assumption, diabetic nodular lesions were stained positive for MDA. These findings show that AGE localization in DN varies according to AGE structure, and suggest that the colocalization of markers of glycoxidation (pentosidine and CML) with a marker of lipid peroxidation reflects a local oxidative stress in association with the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerular lesions. Thus, glycoxidation markers may serve as useful biomarkers of oxidative damage in DN.
Plasma Protein Synthesis in the Human Fetus and Placenta1
Authors: Joseph Dancis, Nancy Braverman, John Lind
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Electrophoretic studies of human fetal plasma have demonstrated a protein pattern in which all major fractions are present (1). The site of origin of these plasma proteins is not known. Presumably they may be synthesized by the mother and merely circulate in the fetus as the result of placental transfer, or they may be synthesized by the placenta or the fetus. The gamma globulin level is high at birth and falls during the first weeks of life (2). This led to the assumption that the gamma globulin found at