tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vascular Access for Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Neil Lempert
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IN CERTAIN circumstances, vascular access for chronic intravenous chemotherapy in patients with malignant disease becomes difficult. Suitable superficial veins for the administration of chemotherapy occasionally become unavailable during the course of a prolonged regimen. The following case report illustrates an instance when a bovine heterograft arteriovenous fistula was used for repetitive chemotherapy in a patient with Hodgkin disease. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A problem was recently encountered in finding venipuncture sites for the administration of intravenous medication to a 22-year-old girl suffering from nodular sclerosing Hodgkin disease. An attempt was made to administer chemotherapy, but superficial veins were impossible to find. It was decided to create a bovine graft arteriovenous fistula so that combination intravenous medication could be administered and the necessary blood samples for analysis drawn. On May 6,1974, a bovine heterograft arteriovenous fistula was created as a loop in her left arm. A 6.5-mm bovine graft was anastomosed
Shapely centrefolds? Temporal change in body measures: trend analysis
Authors: M. Voracek
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Body mass index (weight (kg)/(height (m)2) and waist:hip ratio in women are linked to fertility, endocrine status, risk of major diseases, and longevity.1–3 Health related optimums for body mass index (20 or slightly lower2) and waist:hip ratio (0.7 or slightly lower3) are also maximally sexually attractive to men. 1 3 According to evolutionary research, these attractiveness optimums reflect evolved optimal design and thus should not be subject to temporal change.3

This assumption is not consonant with the decline in the optimally attractive body mass index that has occurred in the past few decades, as exemplified by fashion models depicted in the media. With …
Pseudobradycardia During Holter Monitoring
Authors: C. Craig Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1982)

AMBULATORY ECG (Holter) monitoring is a widely used and effective technique for detecting arrhythmias and determining the efficacy of antiarrhythmic treatment. Major therapeutic decisions are often based on the results of these recordings. However, electrode, lead, recorder, and playback components may malfunction and produce artifacts that simulate serious arrhythmias. Pseudotachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias caused by component malfunction are well described in the literature.<sup>1-4</sup>However, to our knowledge, artifacts produced by tampering with the recorder have not been described pre[ill]usly. We discuss herein a case of pseudobradycardia and asystole apparently produced by this newly uncovered mechanism. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old woman arrived at an outlying hospital with atypical chest pain and recurrent syncope that resulted in numerous visits to the emergency service. She was found to have frequent ventricular premature beats (VPBs). Attempts to control the arrhythmia failed, and she was then referred to the cardiology service at the
Role of 18F-Choline PET/CT in Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Maria Cristina Marzola, Sotirios Chondrogiannis, Alice Ferretti, Gaia Grassetto, Lucia Rampin, Arianna Massaro, Paolo Castellucci, Maria Picchio, Adil Al-Nahhas, Patrick M. Colletti, Adriano Marcolongo, Domenico Rubello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ¹⁸F-choline PET/CT (18FCH-PET/CT) in restaging patients previously treated by radical prostatectomy for a prostate cancer, presenting with biochemical relapse during follow-up (FU).Three hundred thirty-one patients referred to us from January 2009 to April 2011 to perform 18FCH PET/CT were evaluated: 233 of them (mean age 69.7 years) met the inclusion criteria of the study: (1) biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy (trigger PSA>0.2 ng/mL) (n=224) and (2) high risk for relapse (elevated Gleason score≥8) in spite PSA<0.1 ng/mL during FU (n=9). Trigger PSA was available for all patients (mean 8 ng/mL) and in 44 of them also PSA kinetic (PSA velocity-PSAvel; PSA doubling time-PSAdt). Correlation between 18FCH PET/CT detection rate and trigger PSA, PSAvel, PSAdt, and tumoral spread distribution were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Subsequent minimum FU was 1 year (mean 26 months, range 12-40).Overall detection rate of 18FCH PET/CT was 54%, which significantly increased when the trigger PSA increases (P<0.001). PET-positive patients presented a "fast" PSA kinetic (mean PSAdt=6 months and mean PSAvel=9.3 ng/mL/yr), while PET-negative patients presented a "slow" PSA kinetic (mean PSAdt=15.4 months and mean PSAvel=0.9 ng/mL/yr). Disease relapse was local in 17% of cases, distant in 66%, and combined in 17%.Overall 18FCH PET/CT detection rate was 54% (ie, similar to that reported in literature with ¹¹C-choline), which increases with the increase in trigger PSA: this condition was particularly true in patients with accelerated PSA kinetic. In about 20% of patients, 18FCH PET/CT demonstrated local relapses early enough to offer locoregional radiation therapy.
DIONYSOS study comparing dronedarone with amiodarone
Authors: G E. Cook, L. D Sasich, S. R Sukkari
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In their clinical review of the management of atrial fibrillation, Lafuente-Lafuente and colleagues mention the anticipated release of results comparing dronedarone with amiodarone.1 The results of the DIONYSOS study of the efficacy and safety of dronedarone v amiodarone for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation were made publicly …
Intestinal Actinomycosis Treated with Chloramphenicol and Aureomycin
Authors: H. H. D. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1951)

It has been found that by this means the majority of cases clear up in one to three weeks.One case, which had been treated in plaster at a hospital remote from Leeds and had a recurrence of pain when the plaster was removed after six weeks, recovered completely in two weeks by this treatment.In three cases the pain was so intense that the patient had to give up his manual work for two -weeks, and recovery occurred in about six weeks.In cases in which the pain persisted although this regime was carried out, electrotherapy was added, but the.patient continued at work. SummaryClinical observations and dissections have shown that the current description of the anatomical background of teno- synovitis of the wrist is inaccurate.It is not, in fact, a lesion of the tendons of the long muscles of the thumb, but a lesion of the tendon sheaths of extensores carpi radialis.The mode of onset of 44 cases as seen in Leeds is described and classified.A rational anatomical background, in view of the new knowledge, is propounded for all these cases.The clinical picture of the lesion is described.Various methods of treatment are discussed.The routine treatment, by means of ung.iodi, as carried out in Leeds General Infirmary, cleared up most of the,cases in one to three weeks.
Carcinoma of the Esophagus and Cardia
Authors: F. Henry Ellis, Robert C. Jackson, Julius T. Krueger, Herman J. Moersch, O. Theron Clagett, Robert P. Gage
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

RESECTIVE surgery for carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia can now be carried out with a reasonably low mortality. Opinion varies, however, over whether this form of treatment benefits the patient sufficiently in terms of relief of symptoms and prolongation of life to justify the risk and the expense and discomfort of a major operative procedure. Recent developments now make several methods of treatment available. Supervoltage radiation therapy,1 operations to relieve swallowing by the transplantation of loops of jejunum2 and colon3 and combined resection and supervoltage radiation therapy4 have their supporters. It is therefore extremely difficult to select the best . . .
Detection of primary epstein‐barr virus infection in a patient with x‐linked lymphoproliferative disease receiving immunoglobulin prophylaxis
Authors: Motohiko Okano, Rifaat M. Bashir, Jack R. Davis, David T. Purtilo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Serologic diagnosis for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection is problematic when patients receive exogenous immunoglobulin. We recently diagnosed primary EBV infection by detecting EBV‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) and EBV‐DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in a patient with X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) who received prophylactic immunoglobulins for EBV infection. These combined techniques may be helpful for early and accurate diagnosis of EBV infection in highly vulnerable patients.
Babies' sleeping position.
Authors: C. Hiley
Journal: BMJ (1992)

a conserved breast, although the definition of local recurrence does depend on the extent and meticulousness of histopathological examination.Wide excision to ensure clear margins certainly compromises cosmetic results, particularly in small breasts, and the relative importance of cosmesis and local recurrence needs to be determined for each patient.Adequate radiotherapy minimises the risk of local recurrence, and if there is local recurrence survival does not seem to be affected adversely.The effect of a booster dose of radiation in relation to completeness of excision is currently the subject of a clinical trial by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment ofCancer.
Car Occupant Death According to the Restraint Use of Other Occupants
Authors: Peter Cummings, Frederick P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextA car occupant could be killed if struck by another occupant who was catapulted forward, backward, or sideways in a crash.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between death of a car occupant (the target) and restraint use by other occupants.DesignMatched-pair cohort study comparing the outcomes of 2 target occupants in the same passenger car that crashed.SettingUnited States traffic crashes in 1988-2000, using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.SubjectsTarget pairs, at least 1 of whom died: 61 834 front-seat pairs, 5278 rear-seat pairs, and 21 127 pairs on the left or right side.Main Outcome MeasuresAdjusted risk ratio (RR) for death within 30 days of a crash.ResultsThe risk of death was greater for a restrained front target occupant in front of an unrestrained occupant compared with a restrained front target in front of a restrained occupant (adjusted RR, 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.31). For a restrained rear target occupant behind an unrestrained occupant compared with a restrained rear target occupant behind a restrained occupant, the adjusted RR was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.10-1.36). For a restrained side target occupant sitting next to an unrestrained occupant compared with a restrained side target occupant sitting next to a restrained occupant, the adjusted RR was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.08-1.22). Among unrestrained target occupants, the adjusted RRs were, for front targets, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.97-1.12), rear targets, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.10-1.36), and side targets, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.80-0.92).ConclusionPersons who wish to reduce their risk of death in a crash should wear their own restraint and should ask others in the same car to use their restraints.
Incidental removal of distal common bile duct adenoma after plastic stent placement
Authors: V. Prachayakul, P. Aswakul, U. Kachintorn
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

We report a case of a 53-year-old man who presented with a history of recurrent fever with intermittent jaundice over a few months. Ascending cholangitis was suspected. Abdominal ultrasound showed no gallstone and an only slightly dilated common bile duct (CBD). The patient's blood tests were normal.
Transcapillary escape rate of albumin and plasma volume in patients with varying degrees of psoriasis
Authors: ANNE-MARIE WORM, NIELS ROSSING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Plasma albumin, plasma volume and the transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb), i.e. the fraction of the intravascular mass of albumin that passes to the extravascular space per unit time, were determined using 125I-labelled albumin in 26 patients with varying degrees of psoriasis. For the patients as a group the plasma albumin concentration and the TERalb values were not significantly different from the control group. This contrasts with earlier findings in erythrodermic patients. The plasma volume was significantly reduced whether it was expressed in relation to body weight, height or surface area (P less than 0.001). Thus the intravascular mass of albumin (IVM), determined as the product of the plasma volume and the plasma albumin concentration, was also significantly reduced (P less than 0.001). We found no correlation between the involved skin area and any of the above mentioned parameters. The possible mechanisms in the reduction of the plasma volume and the IVM are discussed. It is suggested that reduced IVM may reflect reduced total albumin mass due to lowered rates of albumin synthesis or increased rates of turnover.
Interferon gamma protects against hepatic tumor growth in rats by increasing Kupffer cell tumoricidal activity
Authors: H M Karpoff, C Tung, B Ng, Y Fong
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

An increasing number of hepatic resections are being performed as potentially curative surgery for malignant liver neoplasms. Hepatectomy and subsequent liver regeneration produce a local environment that enhances growth of microscopic residual tumor. To determine if pretreatment with murine interferon γ (IFN–γ) can protect against such enhanced tumor growth, Buffalo rats were randomized to receive a 3–day treatment of IFN–γ (50,000 U/qD intraperitoneally) or saline. Groups then underwent intrasplenic injection of 10(6) Morris hepatoma cells, followed 1 hour later by sham (control) or partial hepatectomy (PH) of 70%. PH significantly enhanced tumor growth within the liver control, 8 ± 3 nodules per liver; PH, 73 ± 12 nodules per liver; P &lt; .001). This enhancement was attenuated by prior administration of IFN–γ IFN–γ/PH, 16 ± 3; P &lt; .001 vs. PH). Growth factor release and liver regeneration were not affected significantly by pretreatment with IFN–γ. The effect of IFN–γ on tumor growth is associated with a significant enhancement of Kupffer cell (KC)–mediated tumoricidal activity (percentage of specific lysis, 55 ± 10% control, 78 ± 11% IFN–γ, P &lt; .01) but not lymphocyte–mediated tumoricidal activity. Because microscopic residual disease may be present after hepatectomies for cancer, IFN–γ may be useful agent in retarding growth of residual tumors.
Drug Interactions With Anticoagulants
Authors: Harold M. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article (<b>214:</b>2035, 1970) Sigell and Flessa imply that both the barbiturates and chloral hydrate exert a similar effect on anticoagulant therapy. Although it is true that both drugs decrease the plasma half-life of the coumarin anticoagulants, the mechanisms of action and the therapeutic outcome of both situations are not the same. In 1966, Cucinell et al<sup>1</sup>concluded that chloral hydrate was an inducer of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes because it shortened the plasma half-life of bishydroxycoumarin, and, in two patients, it appeared to decrease the hypoprothrombinemic effect of the drug. On the basis of this evidence, chloral hydrate has been generally included with the many sedatives (both barbiturate and nonbarbiturate) that are enzyme inducers. However, studies with rat liver slices and microsomal preparation could demonstrate no enzyme induction by chloral hydrate.<sup>2</sup> In two studies, one conducted by MacDonald et al<sup>3</sup>and
SOX9 Elevation in the Prostate Promotes Proliferation and Cooperates with <i>PTEN</i> Loss to Drive Tumor Formation
Authors: Martin K. Thomsen, Laurence Ambroisine, Sarah Wynn, Kathryn S.E. Cheah, Christopher S. Foster, Gabrielle Fisher, Daniel M. Berney, Henrik Møller, Victor E. Reuter, Peter Scardino, Jack Cuzick, Narasimhan Ragavan, Paras B. Singh, Francis L. Martin, Christopher M. Butler, Colin S. Cooper, Amanda Swain
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Dysregulation of tissue development pathways can contribute to cancer initiation and progression. In murine embryonic prostate epithelia, the transcription factor SOX9 is required for proper prostate development. In this study, we examined a role for SOX9 in prostate cancer in mouse and human. In Pten and Nkx3.1 mutant mice, cells with increased levels of SOX9 appeared within prostate epithelia at early stages of neoplasia, and higher expression correlated with progression at all stages of disease. In transgenic mice, SOX9 overexpression in prostate epithelia increased cell proliferation without inducing hyperplasia. In transgenic mice that were also heterozygous for mutant Pten, SOX9 overexpression quickened the induction of high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. In contrast, Sox9 attenuation led to a decrease proliferating prostate epithelia cells in normal and homozygous Pten mutant mice with prostate neoplasia. Analysis of a cohort of 880 human prostate cancer samples showed that SOX9 expression was associated with increasing Gleason grades and higher Ki67 staining. Our findings identify SOX9 as part of a developmental pathway that is reactivated in prostate neoplasia where it promotes tumor cell proliferation.
Expression of connective tissue growth factor in experimental rat and human liver fibrosis
Authors: Valerie Paradis, Delphine Dargere, Michel Vidaud, Anne-Charlotte de Gouville, Stephane Huet, Vincent Martinez, Jean-Michel Gauthier, Nathalie Ba, Rodolphe Sobesky, Vlad Ratziu, Pierre Bedossa
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) stimulates in vitro fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of CTGF in liver fibrogenesis. CTGF expression was investigated both at the protein and mRNA level in biopsies of chronic liver diseases, in experimental models of liver fibrosis, and in hepatic stellate cells in culture. CTGF immunostaining was observed in most human liver biopsies with significant fibrosis. An increase of CTGF immunostaining was associated with a higher score of fibrosis both in the group of chronic hepatitis C (χ 2 = 9.3; P &lt; .01) and in the non-hepatitis C group (χ 2 = 7.2; P &lt; .02). In situ hybridization showed CTGF mRNA expression in spindle cells in both the fibrous septa and sinusoidal lining. In experimental models of liver fibrosis, CTGF accumulated in parallel with the development of septal fibrosis and cirrhosis. Quantification of CTGF mRNA by a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay showed a significant increase of CTGF mRNA in both CCl 4 -induced and bile duct-ligated rat models of liver fibrosis. Expression of CTGF protein and mRNA was definitively assigned to hepatic stellate cells, because CTGF was detected by Western blot both in lysate and supernatant of a hepatic stellate cell line derived from rats. These cells also displayed CTGF protein and mRNA as shown by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. In conclusion, this study shows that CTGF is strongly expressed during liver fibrogenesis, and hepatic stellate cells seem to be the major cellular sources of CTGF in the liver.
Neutrophil adhesion in leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome type 2.
Authors: M L Phillips, B R Schwartz, A Etzioni, R Bayer, H D Ochs, J C Paulson, J M Harlan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We have previously reported a newly discovered congenital disorder of neutrophil adhesion, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome type 2 (LAD II). The clinical manifestations of this syndrome are similar to those seen in the classic leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome, now designated type 1 (LAD I), but the two syndromes differ in the molecular basis of their adhesion defects. LAD I is caused by a deficiency in the CD18 integrin adhesion molecules while LAD II patients are deficient in expression of sialyl-Lewis X (SLeX), a carbohydrate ligand for selectins. In this report we demonstrate that neutrophils from a LAD II patient bind minimally or not at all to recombinant E-selectin, purified platelet P-selectin, or P-selectin expressed on histamine-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but have normal levels of L-selectin and CD11b/CD18 integrin, and adhere to and migrate across endothelium when CD11b/CD18 is activated. We compare LAD I and LAD II patient neutrophil function in vitro, demonstrating that integrin and selectin adhesion molecules have distinct but interdependent roles in neutrophil adhesion during an inflammatory response.
DEG/ENaC but Not TRP Channels Are the Major Mechanoelectrical Transduction Channels in a C. elegans Nociceptor
Authors: Shana L. Geffeney, Juan G. Cueva, Dominique A. Glauser, Joseph C. Doll, Tim Hau-Chen Lee, Misty Montoya, Snetu Karania, Arman M. Garakani, Beth L. Pruitt, Miriam B. Goodman
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Douglas Francis Freebody
Authors: Barrie Parker
Journal: BMJ (2006)

British family planning doctor whose assisted suicide in a Swiss clinic refuelled UK euthanasia debate Anne Turner's final trip to continental Europe was one she resented having to make.She loved travelling to Europe, often for the opera.But having decided to kill herself, she felt frustrated at the need to leave the comfort of her cosy bungalow in Bath.However, with typical self assurance, Dr Turner made precise plans.She would die in Switzerland on 24 January 2006, the day before her 67th birthday.Events early in the childhood of the woman dubbed "Boadicea" by a friend can probably be credited for the independence and strength of character that she exhibited throughout her life.Just 18 months after her birth in Harrogate in 1939, she was evacuated, with her sister, from war torn Europe to Vancouver in Canada.She only just made it.A German U boat sank the vessel behind the one in which she was travelling and such evacuations promptly ceased.But having safely reached North America, she enjoyed living with cousins and a grandmother.In 1945 however, she returned to Westerham, Kent, in England and to parents she didn't know-and to the austere, postwar landscape.She would later joke that it felt as if she had been evacuated to the United Kingdom rather than returned home.After her carefree existence in Canada, the grey skies, food rations, and lack of central heating did not endear her to her native land.Her father, a civil servant, and her mother, a local councillor, were strict and somewhat distant parents.So being packed off to boarding school in 1952 seemed more like a release than a frightening trip into the unknown.Shortly after leaving school a lifethreatening adder bite provided a first glimpse of her mortality.Her response was not fear but curiosity.And from this near-death experience she decided that dying was as easy as going to sleep.In 1958 she went to St Thomas' to study medicine.On the first day she met her future husband, Jack Turner.After qualifying, they worked in the south of England before settling in Bath, where they found jobs in general practice and began a family.Anne Turner soon developed an interest in family planning, and was to play a key role