tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Skills in Surgery
Authors: Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Dr. Nealon has reduced to 300 pages the basic techniques and information in surgery which ordinarily require many volumes to present. Although this is a book of particular interest to senior medical students and surgeons in training, various chapters contain handy information for practicing surgeons. The first portion of the book provides an introduction to the basic care of the surgical patient, the types and uses of surgical instruments and suture material, operating room conduct, and wound dressings. In these pages are excellent illustrations of surgical instruments referred to in the text. The basic types of surgical "sharps," including various styles of scalpel blades and scissors, are beautifully presented. Other topics specifically pertaining to general surgery are covered in chapters on burns, minor surgery, the breast, abdomen, anorectal lesions, and resuscitator techniques. Dr. Nealon expertly covers specialized techniques in pediatric surgery, gastrointestinal intubation, and urinary tract disorders. The entire book
Medical Metrication: U-100 Insulin
Authors: Ronald A. Arky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

For the American traveler the shops of London may offer fewer bargains than formerly, but the problem of monetary exchange has been simplified. No longer does the visitor to Britain have to stop and embarrassingly fumble with sixpence and shillings and calculate how many of each make up a pound. British currency now conforms to the decimal system, and for the American this single move toward metrication has its obvious advantages.In the clinical world widespread enthusiasm for the adoption of the metric system has not been apparent. For most of us a temperature of 98.6°F is still psychologically easier . . .
Addition of estramustine to chemotherapy and survival of patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Karim Fizazi, Aurelie Le Maitre, Gary Hudes, William R Berry, W Kevin Kelly, Jean-Christophe Eymard, Christopher J Logothetis, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Stefan Michiels
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2007)
Immunostaining of modified histones defines high-level features of the human metaphase epigenome
Authors: Edith Terrenoire, Fiona McRonald, John A Halsall, Paula Page, Robert S Illingworth, A Malcolm R Taylor, Val Davison, Laura P O'Neill, Bryan M Turner
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Immunolabeling of metaphase chromosome spreads can map components of the human epigenome at the single cell level. Previously, there has been no systematic attempt to explore the potential of this approach for epigenomic mapping and thereby to complement approaches based on chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and sequencing technologies. By immunostaining and immunofluorescence microscopy, we have defined the distribution of selected histone modifications across metaphase chromosomes from normal human lymphoblastoid cells and constructed immunostained karyotypes. Histone modifications H3K9ac, H3K27ac and H3K4me3 are all located in the same set of sharply defined immunofluorescent bands, corresponding to 10- to 50-Mb genomic segments. Primary fibroblasts gave broadly the same banding pattern. Bands co-localize with regions relatively rich in genes and CpG islands. Staining intensity usually correlates with gene/CpG island content, but occasional exceptions suggest that other factors, such as transcription or SINE density, also contribute. H3K27me3, a mark associated with gene silencing, defines a set of bands that only occasionally overlap with gene-rich regions. Comparison of metaphase bands with histone modification levels across the interphase genome (ENCODE, ChIP-seq) shows a close correspondence for H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, but major differences for H3K27me3. At metaphase the human genome is packaged as chromatin in which combinations of histone modifications distinguish distinct regions along the euchromatic chromosome arms. These regions reflect the high-level interphase distributions of some histone modifications, and may be involved in heritability of epigenetic states, but we also find evidence for extensive remodeling of the epigenome at mitosis.
Rendering the Leukemia Cell Susceptible to Attack
Authors: Dorothy A. Sipkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In mice, short-term treatment with interferon-α pushes dormant hematopoietic stem cells into a state of proliferation. This finding may be relevant to the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, and treatment may be more effective if patients are first "primed" with interferon-α.
Echocardiography of left ventricular masses.
Authors: T A Ports, J Cogan, N B Schiller, E Rapaport
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The M-mode and two-dimensinal real-time echocardiographic findings in 10 patients with left ventricular masses are discussed. Two patients had left ventricular tumors and eight had left ventricular thrombi. In all cases the diagnosis was confirmed by angiography or surgery. The intracavitary and intramural left ventricular tumors were detected both by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography . M-mode echocardiography, however, did not detect the left ventricular thrombus in all instances. Two-dimensional echocardiography was able to identify the four large and inhomogeneous left ventricular thrombi but did not clearly identify four cases of smaller mural thrombi. Echocardiography techniques useful in detection of left ventricular masses are discussed.
901–41 Preliminary Mortality Results from the Survival with Oral D-Sotalol (SWORD) Trial
Authors: A.L. Waldo, A.J. Camm, H. de Ruyter, P.L. Friedman, D.J. MacNeil, B. Pitt, C.M. Pratt, P.J. Schwartz, E.P. Veltri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Randomised clinical trial of medical evacuation and surgical curettage for incomplete miscarriage
Authors: E T M de Jonge, J D Makin, E Manefeldt, G H De Wet, R C Pattinson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> In their natural environment, most bacteria preferentially live as complex surface-attached multicellular colonies called biofilms. Biofilms begin with a few cells adhering to a surface, where they multiply to form a mature colony. When conditions deteriorate, cells can leave the biofilm. This dispersion is thought to be an important process that modifies the overall biofilm architecture and that promotes colonization of new environments. In <i>Caulobacter crescentus</i> biofilms, extracellular DNA (eDNA) is released upon cell death and prevents newborn cells from joining the established biofilm. Thus, eDNA promotes the dispersal of newborn cells and the subsequent colonization of new environments. These observations suggest that eDNA is a cue for sensing detrimental environmental conditions in the biofilm. Here we show that the toxin-antitoxin ParDE<sub>4</sub> stimulates cell death in areas of a biofilm with decreased O<sub>2</sub> availability. In conditions where O<sub>2</sub> availability is low, eDNA concentration is correlated with cell death. Cell dispersal away from biofilms is decreased when <i>parDE<sub>4</sub></i> is deleted, probably due to the lower local eDNA concentration. Expression of <i>parDE<sub>4</sub></i> is positively regulated by O<sub>2</sub> and the expression of this operon is decreased in biofilms where O<sub>2</sub> availability is low. Thus, PCD by an O<sub>2</sub>-regulated toxin-antitoxin system stimulates dispersal away from areas of a biofilm with decreased O<sub>2</sub> availability and favors colonization of a new, more hospitable environment.
Cognitive orientations in marathon running and "hitting the wall".
Authors: C D Stevinson, S J Biddle
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

To investigate whether runners' cognitions during a marathon are related to "hitting the wall". To test a new and more comprehensive system for classifying cognition of marathon runners.Non-elite runners (n = 66) completed a questionnaire after finishing the 1996 London marathon. The runners were recruited through the charity SPARKS for whom they were raising money by running in the race.Most runners reported that during the race their thoughts were internally associative, with internally dissociative thoughts being the least prevalent. Runners who "hit the wall" used more internal dissociation than other runners, indicating that it is a hazardous strategy, probably because sensory feedback is blocked. However, internal association was related to an earlier onset of "the wall", suggesting that too much attention on physical symptoms may magnify them, thereby exaggerating any discomfort. External dissociation was related to a later onset, probably because it may provide a degree of distraction but keeps attention on the race."Hitting the wall" for recreational non-elite marathon runners is associated with their thought patterns during the race. In particular, "the wall" is associated with internal dissociation.
Betty Gilson, MD: keeping the faith
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1981)

There are landmarks in our lives—old haunts, old habitations, or places we merely stopped for a moment—that entrench themselves in our memories, symbolizing the small metamorphoses and large transformations we have withstood. For Betty Gilson, MD, one such landmark was a certain hill in Montana. "There's a place called Hill 57," she begins, and her voice acquires a hint of vibrato as she speaks of the years just after World War II. She was a young mother and a new internist then, socially aware but "biomolecularly oriented," in her words. She and her cardiologist-husband, John Gilson, MD, had moved from Cleveland to the mountainous west they had both visited and loved as children, with their own two small children, Judith and Douglas. The relocation was dictated by the cardiologist's opportunity to join a large group practice in Great Falls. Townspeople expected the internist to serve as "physician's wife,"
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN.
Authors: JOHN F. ERDMANN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I shall take up in this paper the chief symptomatic factors in intussusception, strangulated hernia, post-operative bands, etc., Meckel's diverticulum, devoting the major portion of my time to intussusception. <h3>INTUSSUSCEPTION.</h3> This disease, barring a few accidental cases, is one that demands prompt surgical interference. Each successive case I see impresses me with the necessity of making operations of urgency in these cases, and of not temporizing with air inflation or water injections. The diagnosis is not difficult, although the symptomatology, as given in former text-books on diseases of children, etc., should be rewritten with a view of placing all stress on blood or bloody mucous stools, and not on the presence of a sausage-shaped tumor. In over 60 per cent. of a series of 28 cases seen by me, 24 of which I operated on, no tumor of any kind was palpable per rectum or through
Deciphering the immune pathomechanism of cutaneous drug reactions
Authors: W. J. Pichler
Journal: Allergy (2002)

The present peptide fragments to T-cells in the context of MHC molecules. Small chemical compounds are thought to acquire immunogenicity by covalent binding to proteins or peptides. This requires chemical reactivity of the compound or its metabolite. We recently elaborated a new pathway of drug presentation to T-cells, namely that even chemically nonreactive drugs like sulfamethoxazole (SMX) can be recognized in an MHC dependent way by T-cell receptors. This concept of "noncovalent drug presentation" is based on the finding that glutaraldehyde fixed cells could present chemically nonreactive drugs like sulfamethoxazole or lidocaine; and that the drug binding to MHC-peptide complexes is rather labile, as the drug can be washed away--in contrast to covalently binding drugs. Our data show that drugs can bind in a pharmacological way to immune-receptors like MHC or TCR, and that this labile binding is sufficient to elicit an immune response. This drug-presentation may occur in the skin and lead to different symptoms, dependent on the function of the reactive T-cell.
Acupuncture Anesthesia A Case Report
Authors: Wei-Chi Liu
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Acupuncture anesthesia for surgery, as a recent development in China from the ancient art of acupuncture, has caught the attention and piqued the curiosity of physicians and laymen in this country since the visit of American physicians to mainland China last year. Being an anesthesiologist with some understanding of Chinese traditional medicine, I have studied books on acupuncture, particularly those published in the past few years. They are mostly in Chinese and can be obtained in Hong Kong. Together with the information from Dimond<sup>1</sup>and Rosen, (<i>Hospital Tribune</i>, April 3, 1972), they gave me some idea of applying acupuncture for surgical anesthesia. Acupuncture has its own system and theory of body control, physiology, and pathology, which is incomprehensible to western physicians. Different points on certain meridians control certain organs or areas for certain diseases or pain. If the insertion of needles at proper points can control
Family history is important in estimating coronary risk
Authors: J. Younger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

NHS Direct Doctors may gain time to use their true skills if people start using NHS DirectEditor-O'Cathain et al's paper confirming that advice offered by nurses through NHS Direct was useful to callers 1 should make us question the generally hostile opinions on this service propounded in free publications that derive their income from pharmaceutical advertising. 2elephone advice can form an important part of an NHS that needs to meet people's concerns, even if some of these concerns seem trivial to doctors working under pressure.The primary end point of NHS Direct should be whether it meets the needs of its callers for information not whether it reduces work for any sector of the medical profession.If an increasingly information hungry population cannot get information from the NHS it will turn to other sources, which may be less reliable or relevant.Too often, medical staff see their role as tough gatekeepers of the NHS, excluding a public that would demand too much.This demeans the public and those working in the front line of the NHS.If the NHS develops several different front doors doctors may be freed to use their skills without waging a continual battle to persuade members of the public that they do not need further investigation, treatment, or referral.
A Maneuver To Reverse Raynaud's Phenomenon of the Fingers
Authors: Donald R. McIntyre
Journal: JAMA (1978)

MORE than just a medical curiosity, Raynaud's phenomenon causes discomfort, vexation, and, sometimes, disability. Measures currently used to treat Raynaud's phenomenon include vasodilating drugs, sympathectomy, and avoidance of local and general body cooling.  In 30% to 40% of affected persons, there are detectable underlying causes, eg, connective tissue disease; chronic occlusive arterial diseases; thoracic outlet syndromes; intoxication with ergot, lead, or arsenic; occupational trauma; cold agglutinins; cryoglobulins; peripheral nervous system diseases; and late results of cold injury. Naturally, seeking underlying causes is an integral part of treating patients with the condition.  The success of Vermont skiers in warming their cold hands by whirling their arms beckoned a similar approach toward Raynaud's phenomenon. Here is the maneuver that evolved: While standing, the patient swings the affected extremity briskly at approximately 80 rpm in the direction that a softball pitcher would move the arm, ie, downward behind the body, upward in front
ALPHA B-CRYSTALLIN SUPPRESS VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA BY INCREASING CONDUCTION VELOCITY AND ATTENUATING OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT AUTOIMMUNE MYOCARDITIS
Authors: Boyoung Joung, Hyewon Park, Hyelim Park, Ji Hyung Chung, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Reexpression of hSNF5 in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Cell Lines Causes Cell Cycle Arrest through a p21CIP1/WAF1-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Yasumichi Kuwahara, Aubri Charboneau, Erik S. Knudsen, Bernard E. Weissman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Loss of hSNF5 function is usually observed in malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), a highly aggressive pediatric neoplasm. Previous studies have shown that reexpression of hSNF5 in MRT cell lines causes G1 cell cycle arrest with p16(INK4A), p21(CIP1/WAF1), and cyclin D1 playing key roles in MRT cell growth control. However, we have shown that reexpression of hSNF5 induced cell cycle arrest in the absence of p16(INK4A) expression. These results indicate that the mechanism of hSNF5-induced cell cycle arrest is context dependent. Here, we investigated the relationship between p21(CIP1/WAF1) and hSNF5 in the regulation of growth using several MRT cell lines. We found that G1 cell cycle arrest occurred concomitant with an increase in p21(CIP1/WAF1) mRNA and protein levels and preceded p16(INK4A) mRNA and protein upregulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation data confirmed that hSNF5 appeared at both p21(CIP1/WAF1) and p16(INK4A) promoters after reexpression. We further showed that p21(CIP1/WAF1) induction showed both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. We also showed that reduction of p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression by RNAi significantly inhibited hSNF5-induced G(1) arrest. Our results show that both p21(CIP1/WAF1) and p16(INK4A) are targets for hSNF5 and that p21(CIP1/WAF1) upregulation during hSNF5-induced G(1) arrest precedes p16(INK4A) upregulation. These findings indicate that SNF5 mediates a temporally controlled program of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition to restrict aberrant proliferation in MRT cells.
Growth of drug resistant HIV in China is "worrying," says AIDS institute
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Resistance of HIV to drugs is increasing in China, Zhiwei Chen, director of the University of Hong Kong’s AIDS Institute, has said. Only seven of the more than 20 antiretroviral drugs on the market are available in China.

“The drug resistant mutations are not unique to Chinese people and therefore are consistent with those found in other countries,” he said. “However, the frequency of drug resistance after two years of treatment is high. The unique feature is that a significant portion of treated patients have developed AIDS due to the drug resistant mutations and the lack of second line drugs.”

At the same time, he said, …
Deaths of two hospital inpatients poisoned by pilocarpine.
Authors: S M Cordner, R R Fysh, H Gordon, S J Whitaker
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Two inpatients of one hospital ward died. Pilocarpine poisoning was suspected and subsequently confirmed by analysis of urine. The circumstantial evidence strongly suggested that the food given to the patients in the ward had been adulterated. Police inquiries failed to elicit any further information, and open verdicts were returned at the inquest. Precautions taken subsequently to prevent a similar event--sealing food containers and trolleys--entailed a capital cost of 43,000 pounds. In addition, food stores were kept locked and tighter control kept on drugs stored in ward pharmacies.
Massive Overdose and Death From Prophylactic Lidocaine
Authors: Bruce Burlington
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lidocaine hydrochloride has been recommended as an antiarrhythmic agent for patients with acute myocardial infarction even before they show development of arrhythmias.<sup>1</sup>There have been several studies attempting to show the value of prophylactic lidocaine.<sup>2</sup>While the routine administration of lidocaine will reduce the incidence of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, these arrhythmias can be treated as they appear, and no study has shown that prophylactic lidocaine leads to a significant reduction in mortality.<sup>3</sup>Furthermore, major toxic reactions, including seizures, arrhythmias, and myocardial depression, are associated with lidocaine use. We report a case of fatal lidocaine toxic reaction caused by accidental administration of a bolus overdose that had been intended as a prophylactic loading dose. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A man in his 60s with a history of angina and previous myocardial infarction came to the emergency room complaining of left infrascapular chest pain of
Peter Robert Fleming
Authors: R I S Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant physician, cardiologist, and teacher Westminster Hospital (b 1924; q Middlesex Hospital, London, 1948; MD, FRCP, DHMSA), died from fibrosing alveolitis on 16 December 2002.


Peter joined the Royal Air Force in 1949 and was a medical specialist at RAF hospitals in the Middle East. On his release he became a medical registrar at St Stephen's Hospital and then Westminster Hospital. In 1955 he 



was appointed a research fellow in the cardiac department at Guy's Hospital. He then became a senior registrar at Westminster Hospital, specialising in cardiology. In 1961 he was appointed senior lecturer in medicine and consultant physician in the newly formed professorial unit. He was the author of A Short History of Cardiology and editor of British Cardiology in the 20th Century. He leaves a wife, Elizabeth, and three children.
Indomethacin induced gastropathy in CD18, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, or P-selectin deficient mice
Authors: Z Morise, D N Granger, J W Fuseler, D C Anderson, M B Grisham
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions are thought to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced gastropathy. <h3>AIMS</h3> To optimise a mouse model of NSAID induced gastropathy and to evaluate the importance of adhesion molecules using adhesion molecule deficient mice. <h3>METHODS</h3> Gastropathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice or their adhesion molecule deficient counterparts via oral administration of indomethacin (20 mg/kg). Lesion scores, mucosal permeability, and histopathology were used to assess gastric mucosal injury. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Intragastric administration of indomethacin induced linear haemorrhagic mucosal lesions, primarily in the corpus of the stomach that were first observed at six hours. These lesions continued to develop over the next six hours with maximal lesion scores and mucosal permeabilities at 12 hours. When indomethacin was administered to mice deficient in CD18, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), or P-selectin, there were significant decreases in lesion scores compared with their C57BL/6 controls. In addition, mucosal permeabilities were found to be significantly lower in CD18 or ICAM-1 deficient mice observed at 12 hours. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Certain leucocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules are important determinants for full expression of indomethacin induced gastropathy. It is proposed that this modification of the mouse model may be useful for the investigation of other pathophysiological mechanisms of NSAID induced gastropathy.
THE QUESTIONABLE VALUE OF PRESENTDAY MORTALITY STATISTICS
Authors: Joseph C. Doane
Journal: JAMA (1922)

To the Editor:  —One cannot help being impressed by the casual way in which most hospitals regard the accuracy of their assigned cause of death, as expressed in the regulation death certificate. Particularly can this be observed in any large city hospital in which chronicity of all grades is treated. In some hospitals, in order to comply with the regulations of the Manual of the International List of the Causes of Death, when an elderly man or woman dies as the result of senile changes, general arteriosclerosis or cardiorenal disease, it is more than likely that the death certificate will contain as the cause of death, chronic myocarditis. Statistics, then, compiled from these data, contain such cases as cardiac deaths, thus falsely raising the general mortality rate for this type of disease. Then, too, the physician sees, in the course of a year, many sudden deaths, carelessly assigned to acute