tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Note on a Case of Enormous Dilatation of the First Part of the Duodenum, Causing Great Dilatation and Proptosis of the Stomach: Gastro-Jejunostomy: Necropsy
Authors: G. Barling
Journal: BMJ (1901)

which in this animal closely resemble those observed in man.The experiments were commenced in the spring of I898, and the small-pox material has been obtained from cases coming under observation during outbreaks of this disease at Middlesbrough, London, and GLlasgow.In each of the three separate series of experiments the human small-pox lymph or pulp was first inoculated directly on calves, and in every instance, so far as could be observed, with altogether negative results.But with monkeys success was as invariably obtained, and when, after one or more pas- sages through this animal, the contents of the local inoculation vesicles were employed for insertion on the calf, an effect was now produced which, after one or more removes in that animal, was indistinguishable from typical vaccinia.More- over, from the contents of vesicles raised in this manner on the calf, a considerable number of children have, in turn, been vaccinated, and afterwards kept under observation for about a couple of months.Every such vaccination "took" normally, and in no case was any bad result subsequently observed by myself or the parents of the children, no " generalisation " of the eruption occurring in any instance.I obtained a series of photographs of monkeys, calves, and children, which I hope, together with full details of the experiments, to have the opportunity of publishing shortly.The point of interest in these experiments is found in the fact that whereas the human small-pox material employed could not be got to " take" directly on the calf, nevertheless results typical of ordinary vaccinia were obtained when the strain of lymph, after inoculation with it of a series of monkeys, was again transferred from the inoculation vesicles on this animal to the epidermis of the calf.
Probiotics for the Prevention of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>–Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Bradley C. Johnston, Stephanie S.Y. Ma, Joshua Z. Goldenberg, Kristian Thorlund, Per O. Vandvik, Mark Loeb, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Antibiotic treatment may disturb the resistance of gastrointestinal flora to colonization. This may result in complications, the most serious of which is Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD). Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for the prevention of CDAD in adults and children receiving antibiotics. Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Web of Science, and 12 gray-literature sources. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials including adult or pediatric patients receiving antibiotics that compared any strain or dose of a specified probiotic with placebo or with no treatment control and reported the incidence of CDAD. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles; extracted data on populations, interventions, and outcomes; and assessed risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines were used to independently rate overall confidence in effect estimates for each outcome. Data Synthesis: Twenty trials including 3818 participants met the eligibility criteria. Probiotics reduced the incidence of CDAD by 66% (pooled relative risk, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.49]; I 2 = 0%). In a population with a 5% incidence of antibiotic-associated CDAD (median control group risk), probiotic prophylaxis would prevent 33 episodes (CI, 25 to 38 episodes) per 1000 persons. Of probiotic-treated patients, 9.3% experienced adverse events, compared with 12.6% of control patients (relative risk, 0.82 [CI, 0.65 to 1.05]; I 2 = 17%). Limitations: In 13 trials, data on CDAD were missing for 5% to 45% of patients. The results were robust to worst-plausible assumptions regarding event rates in studies with missing outcome data. Conclusion: Moderate-quality evidence suggests that probiotic prophylaxis results in a large reduction in CDAD without an increase in clinically important adverse events. Primary Funding Source: None.
The Effect of Sympathectomy for Essential Hypertension on the Hallucal Circulation
Authors: MILTON MENDLOWITZ, ARTHUR S. W. TOUROFF
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The effects of sympathectomy on the hallucal circulation were studied in patients with essential hypertension. Return of sympathetic nerve function of variable degree could be demonstrated in every patient. An increase in non-neurogenic or intrinsic resistance was also found to be attributable to the sympathectomy. This could not be reversed by benzodioxane and was therefore probably not produced by circulating epinephrine. The possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed.
Troponin I as a Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in 70-Year-Old Men
Authors: Björn Zethelius, Nina Johnston, Per Venge
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a standard for detection of myocardial damage, has recently been reported to predict acute myocardial infarction or death in patients with unstable coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiac TnI concentrations increase with age in subjects free from clinical signs of CHD, suggesting silent myocardial damage. We investigated the association between cTnI and future CHD and mortality in a community-based cohort of men. Methods and Results— A community-based study was conducted from August 1991 to May 1995 among 1203 men in Uppsala, Sweden, aged 70 years at baseline with a follow-up of up to 10.4 years with the use of registry data (National Board of Health and Welfare, Sweden). CHD was defined with the use of data taken from the Cause of Death Registry or from first-time hospitalization for CHD as recorded in the Hospital Discharge Registry. Cardiac TnI concentrations were measured blinded for outcome, in frozen baseline plasma samples, with the use of the AccuTnI from Beckman Coulter, Inc. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazards are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for a 1-SD increase. In men free from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cTnI predicted death (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46; P =0.003) or first CHD event (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.54; P =0.001) after adjustment for conventional risk factors: total and HDL cholesterol, plasma glucose, body mass index, smoking, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions— In this first longitudinal report, cTnI was shown to predict death and first CHD event in men free from CVD at baseline, indicating the importance of silent cardiac damage in the development of CHD and mortality.
Review body recommends 2.5% increase General practitioners will decide where to visit patients General Medical Council proposes increase in lay membership Medical deans to manage registrar training European Union undermines medical advisory committee Royal college calls for changes to general practice training
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The 1995 report of the Doctors' and Dentists' Review Body has recommended a 2.5% increase for salaried doctors in the NHS and a 3% increase for general practitioners from 1 April (p 419).

The recommended increases in general practitioners' fees will be announced later.

The value and number of distinction awards for consultants has increased: A+ to pounds sterling49 820 (up seven to 250); A to pounds sterling36 710 (up 23 to 861); B to pounds sterling20 975 (up 45 to 1910); and C to pounds sterling10 490 (up 100 to 4377).

Examples of some of the increases are set out below.

View this table:

Doctors in the hospital service and in public and community health



# General practitioners will decide where to visit patients {#article-title-2}

General practitioners' terms of service have been amended to make clear that they will be responsible for judging whether or not a patient consultation should take place and when and where it should take place. In the past doctors have felt obliged to visit patients in their homes if a home visit was requested and this has contributed to the increase in out of hours calls. Now they will be able to decide whether to give advice by telephone, whether to see patients at the surgery, in some other clinical setting, or in the patient's home or whether to recommend a direct referral to hospital. The alternative premises must be approved by the family health services authority (FHSA) and patients must be told where the premises are. They must be “proper and sufficient” and …
FMR1 CGG allele size and prevalence ascertained through newborn screening in the United States
Authors: Flora Tassone, Ka Pou Iong, Tzu-Han Tong, Joyce Lo, Louise W Gane, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Danh Nguyen, Lisa Y Mu, Jennifer Laffin, Don B Bailey, Randi J Hagerman
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

Abstract Background Population screening for FMR1 mutations has been a topic of considerable discussion since the FMR1 gene was identified in 1991. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome (FXS) and in genetic testing methods have led to new, less expensive methodology to use for large screening endeavors. A core criterion for newborn screening is an accurate understanding of the public health burden of a disease, considering both disease severity and prevalence rate. This article addresses this need by reporting prevalence rates observed in a pilot newborn screening study for FXS in the US. Methods Blood spot screening of 14,207 newborns (7,312 males and 6,895 females) was conducted in three birthing hospitals across the United States beginning in November 2008, using a PCR-based approach. Results The prevalence of gray zone alleles was 1:66 females and 1:112 males, while the prevalence of a premutation was 1:209 females and 1:430 males. Differences in prevalence rates were observed among the various ethnic groups; specifically higher frequency for gray zone alleles in males was observed in the White group compared to the Hispanic and African-American groups. One full mutation male was identified (&gt;200 CGG repeats). Conclusions The presented pilot study shows that newborn screening in fragile X is technically feasible and provides overall prevalence of the premutation and gray zone alleles in the USA, suggesting that the prevalence of the premutation, particularly in males, is higher than has been previously reported.
Wilson's disease: a diagnostic dilemma.
Authors: H Nazer, V F Larcher, R J Ede, A P Mowat, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A 13 year old boy presented with headache, sore throat, myalgia, and fever and subsequently developed haemolytic anaemia and acute liver failure. Wilson9s disease, a rare cause of acute liver failure, was diagnosed at necropsy. In such cases Wilson9s disease must be diagnosed at an early stage for treatment to be effective. The most reliable indications are increased urinary and hepatic copper concentrations.
All-Cause Mortality After Diabetes-Related Amputation in Barbados: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Ian R. Hambleton, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Henry S. Fraser, Nish Chaturvedi, Anselm J. Hennis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Our report on diabetes-related amputation in Barbados (1), together with data from Morbach et al. (2), offers tentative evidence of a different hierarchy of mortality following lower-extremity amputation in people with diabetes in the developing world, with more deaths caused by overwhelming infection. In a recent Caribbean publication, septicemia was again the most common cause of postoperative mortality (3), contributing …
Treatment of Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Peter W. de Leeuw, Cornelis T. Postma, Abraham A. Kroon
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
312 PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS D VIRUS IN THE WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON – FAR FROM A VANISHING DISEASE!
Authors: W.S.M. Braga, M.D.C. Castilho, F.G. Borges, A.C.D.S. Martinho, I.S. Rodrigues, E.P. de Azevedo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
STAT3 and STAT1 mediate IL-11–dependent and inflammation-associated gastric tumorigenesis in gp130 receptor mutant mice
Authors: Matthias Ernst, Meri Najdovska, Dianne Grail, Therese Lundgren-May, Michael Buchert, Hazel Tye, Vance B. Matthews, Jane Armes, Prithi S. Bhathal, Norman R. Hughes, Eric G. Marcusson, James G. Karras, Songqing Na, Jonathon D. Sedgwick, Paul J. Hertzog, Brendan J. Jenkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Deregulated activation of STAT3 is frequently associated with many human hematological and epithelial malignancies, including gastric cancer. While exaggerated STAT3 signaling facilitates an antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and proproliferative environment for neoplastic cells, the molecular mechanisms leading to STAT3 hyperactivation remain poorly understood. Using the gp130Y757F/Y757F mouse model of gastric cancer, which carries a mutated gp130 cytokine receptor signaling subunit that cannot bind the negative regulator of cytokine signaling SOCS3 and is characterized by hyperactivation of the signaling molecules STAT1 and STAT3, we have provided genetic evidence that IL-11 promotes chronic gastric inflammation and associated tumorigenesis. Expression of IL-11 was increased in gastric tumors in gp130Y757F/Y757F mice, when compared with unaffected gastric tissue in wild-type mice, while gp130Y757F/Y757F mice lacking the IL-11 ligand–binding receptor subunit (IL-11Rα) showed normal gastric STAT3 activation and IL-11 expression and failed to develop gastric tumors. Furthermore, reducing STAT3 activity in gp130Y757F/Y757F mice, either genetically or by therapeutic administration of STAT3 antisense oligonucleotides, normalized gastric IL-11 expression and alleviated gastric tumor burden. Surprisingly, the genetic reduction of STAT1 expression also reduced gastric tumorigenesis in gp130Y757F/Y757F mice and coincided with reduced gastric inflammation and IL-11 expression. Collectively, our data have identified IL-11 as a crucial cytokine promoting chronic gastric inflammation and associated tumorigenesis mediated by excessive activation of STAT3 and STAT1.
Digestion of native collagen in the gut.
Authors: M L Harkness, R D Harkness, M F Venn
Journal: Gut (1978)

The digestion and absorption of collagen, native and artificially cross-linked, has been examined in the rat and the Gaboon viper, by feeding known quantities and measuring the hydroxy-proline content of the faeces and of the contents of the gut at different levels, and comparing with an unabsorbable marker (polyethylene glycol). Incubation of collagen in vitro with pepsin at 37 degrees C at pH 1.5 followed by trypsin or chymotrypsin converted about 40% into dialysable material.
Alkaline Phosphatase and Thyroiditis
Authors: JOHN S. FENNELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1978Alkaline Phosphatase and ThyroiditisJOHN S. FENNELL, M.D.JOHN S. FENNELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-1-143 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dalovisio and colleagues (1) have recently reported on increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels in three patients with subacute thyroiditis. These patients had other liver enzyme abnormalities, but hepatitis B antigen was negative. The authors suggested that the raised alkaline phosphatase was probably of hepatic origin and postulated that there may be damage to the liver by "the as yet unidentified etiological agent of subacute thyroiditis." We wish to report here the case of a patient with subacute thyroiditis in whom there was also evidence of hepatic dysfunction, including an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (2).A 36-year-old man...References1. DALOVISIOBLONDECORTEZPANKEY JLLG: Subacute thyroiditis with increased serum alkaline phosphatase. Ann Intern Med 88:505-507, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. FINNELLTOMKIN JG: Sub-acute thyroiditis and hepatitis in a case of infectious mononucleosis. Postgrad Med J, 1978, in press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. GREENE J: Subacute thyroiditis. Am J Med 51:97-108, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PULLEN H: Infectious mononucleosis. Br Med J 1:350-352, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. DALOVISIOBLONDECORTEZPANKEY JLLG: Subacute thyroiditis with increased serum alkaline phosphatase. Ann Intern Med 88:505-507, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Virginia Richmond, VA 23298 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByOCCULT SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS WITH UNUSUAL FEATURESThyroid Disease and Alkaline PhosphataseDAVID V. HAMILTON, M.B., B. CHIR. 1 July 1978Volume 89, Issue 1Page: 143-144KeywordsAntigensEnzymesHepatitis BLiverPhosphatasesThyroid Issue Published: 1 July 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Identification of novel immune phenotypes for allergic and nonallergic childhood asthma
Authors: Diana Raedler, Nikolaus Ballenberger, Elisabeth Klucker, Andreas Böck, Ragna Otto, Olivia Prazeres da Costa, Otto Holst, Thomas Illig, Thorsten Buch, Erika von Mutius, Bianca Schaub
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Tamoxifen as initial sole treatment of localised breast cancer in elderly women: a pilot study.
Authors: P E Preece, R A Wood, C R Mackie, A Cuschieri
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Removable subcuticular skin suture in acute appendicitis: a prospective comparative clinical trial Standard surgical teaching advises the use of interrupted sutures for skin closure in potentially infected wounds.'-3Trials supporting or refuting this premise are few.So far as we are aware no trial has been performed using a removable subcuticular stitch for skin closure in acute appendicitis.We report the results of a prospective trial to compare the two methods of skin closure. Patients, methods, and resultsOne hundred and eighty-four patients with acute appendicitis were entered into a prospective trial to compare skin wounds closed by a continuous subcuticular Prolene suture with those closed with interrupted Prolene sutures.Only patients with appendicitis subsequently confirmed histo- logically were included; perforation of the appendix did not contraindicate entry into the trial.All skin incisions were transverse or oblique, and the abdomen was entered through standard grid-iron or transrectus approaches.Drains (17/146; 12 %) and antibiotics (53/146; 35°%) were used at the discretion of the surgeon.Dexon was used for peritoneal and muscle closure in all cases.Neither peritoneal nor wound lavage was performed and, no topical agents were applied to the wound.After closure of the muscle layer a randomly selected sealed envelope was opened to determine the choice of skin suture.The severity of the appendicitis was classified as: (a) acute inflammation, (b) pus present, or (c) perforation.All wounds were examined daily and again two weeks after the patient left hospital; those with a discharge were considered to be infected.Skin sutures were removed between five and seven days after operation.
Severe Cognitive Impairment Associated With Intrathecal Antibodies to the NR1 Subunit of the<i>N</i>-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Robert Fleischmann, Harald Prüss, Berit Rosche, Markus Bahnemann, Harald Gelderblom, Katrin Deuschle, Lutz Harms, Ute Kopp, Klemens Ruprecht
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) can either present with or develop severe cognitive impairment during the course of their disease. However, the mechanisms underlying severe cognitive dysfunction in MS are not well understood. <h3>Observations</h3> We report on a woman who was diagnosed as having MS at age 33 years and who after giving birth at age 37 years developed cognitive impairment with severe memory dysfunction as the leading symptom. Treatment with different immunotherapies, including cyclophosphamide and natalizumab, did not improve her cognitive deficits, necessitating admission to a nursing home at age 39 years. During a thorough reevaluation at age 43 years, analysis of current and stored cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples demonstrated an intrathecal synthesis of IgG antibodies to the NR1 subunit of the<i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, that is, the characteristic laboratory finding of anti–<i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Although the patient initially stabilized under therapy with corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and mitoxantrone, severe cognitive impairment persisted and she eventually died from the sequelae of her disease. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This report suggests that the occasional occurrence of severe cognitive impairment in patients with MS may, in some cases, be related to a superimposed antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis.
The Efficacy of Generic Primidone
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> An article entitled "Increased Seizure Frequency With Generic Primidone"1 contained specific observations of a patient, including blood levels, and was of particular concern to the Food and Drug Administration because it alleged the therapeutic failure of a generic primidone product that had been evaluated by the administration as therapeutically equivalent to the trade name product Mysoline. This is to report that the Food and Drug Adminstration's Therapeutic Inequivalence Action Coordinating Committee initiated an investigation on publication of the article. The authors were contacted, investigators looked at hospital records, and samples of the batch of the drug product in question were analyzed. Samples of the product showed that it met all US Pharmacopeia and Food and Drug Administration standards. An inspection of the manufacturer revealed no manufacturing problems. The failure actually occurred in October 1985, nearly 2 years before publication of the article. Three months after switching