tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research Advances Target Epilepsy
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review: Hormone therapy reduces mortality in younger postmenopausal women
Authors: Angela M. Cheung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club20 April 2010Review: Hormone therapy reduces mortality in younger postmenopausal womenAngela M. Cheung, MD, PhDAngela M. Cheung, MD, PhDUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (A.M.C.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-02009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSalpeter SR, Cheng J, Thabane L, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE. Bayesian meta-analysis of hormone therapy and mortality in younger postmenopausal women. Am J Med. 2009;122:1016-22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19854329Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: References1 Smith TC, Spiegelhalter DJ, Thomas A. Bayesian approaches to random-effects meta-analysis: a comparative study. Stat Med. 1995;14:2685−99. [PMID: 8619108] Google Scholar2 Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Greyber E, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Mortality associated with hormone replacement therapy in younger and older women: a meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:791-804. [PMID: 15209595] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (A.M.C.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 April 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOvariectomy Activates Chronic Low‐Grade Inflammation Mediated by Memory T Cells, Which Promotes Osteoporosis in MicePromoter length polymorphism in UGT1A1 and the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer 20 April 2010Volume 152, Issue 8Page: JC4-9KeywordsAbsolute risk reductionEstrogensHormonal therapyHormonesMortalityNumber needed to treatObservational studiesRandomized trialsRelative riskRisk management ePublished: 20 April 2010 Issue Published: 20 April 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Electrolytes of Arterial Wall in Experimental Renal Hypertension
Authors: LOUIS TOBIAN, LOIS WHITE
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

In rats with renal hypertension, smooth muscle cells in the wall of the aorta appear to have more water, sodium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus per unit of cell solids than similar cells in normotensive rats. When the blood pressure of a few hypertensive rats dropped to normal as a result of a low sodium diet, the potassium and phosphorus in the arterial cells also appeared to decrease to normal levels. These studies give indications of the compositional changes in arterial smooth muscle cells that are associated with renal hypertension.
Platelet Transfusions and Supportive Care
Authors: Isaac Djerassi
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two major obstacles to optimal chemotherapy were observed by Sidney Farber not long after he discovered in 1947 that folic acid antagonists can produce remissions in children with acute leukemia. Those obstacles were the massive hemorrhages and infection secondary to thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, caused by the disease or by complications of the treatment. Control of bleeding and infection was needed to bring about the full effectiveness of antitumor agents. Accordingly, Farber proposed the concept of supportive therapy and initiated programs of research to remove those obstacles.<sup>1</sup> In 1954,I joined in this research effort with Dr. Farber and his colleagues, Dr. Gustave Freeman, who had separated platelets from whole blood successfully, and Dr. Edmund Klein, who developed the closed plastic bag method for separation of platelets and other blood components. The safety and the efficacy of platelet transfusions were reevaluated and established.<sup>2</sup> Further studies provided guidelines for dose-scheduling of
TIS21 negatively regulates hepatocarcinogenesis by disruption of cyclin B1-Forkhead box M1 regulation loop
Authors: Tae Jun Park, Ji Yeon Kim, Paul S. Oh, So Young Kang, Bong Wan Kim, Hee Jung Wang, Kye Yong Song, Hyoung Chin Kim, In Kyoung Lim
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

A functional and biochemical interaction of TIS21/BTG2/PC3 with Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), essential transcription factor for hepatocyte regeneration and a master regulator of mitotic gene expression, was explored. Growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), developed by a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), was the same in both the TIS21+/+ and TIS21−/− mice until 6 months, whereas it was significantly higher in the TIS21−/− mice at 9 months. Expression of TIS21 was significantly lower in both human and murine HCCs than in the surrounding tissues. Forced expression of TIS21 impaired growth, proliferation, and tumorigenic potential of Huh7 cells. At the mechanistic level, TIS21 inhibited FoxM1 phosphorylation, a required modification for its activation, by reducing cyclin B1–cdk1 activity, examined by in vitro kinase assay and FoxM1 mutant analyses. These observations were further confirmed in vivo by the reciprocal control of TIS21 expression and FoxM1 phosphorylation in the diethylnitrosamine-induced HCCs and TIS21−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF), in addition to increased expression of cyclin B1 and cdk1 activity. Conclusion: TIS21 negatively regulated hepatocarcinogenesis in part by disruption of the FoxM1–cyclin B1 regulatory loop, thereby inhibiting proliferation of transformed cells developed in mouse and human livers.
Recurrent RAS and PIK3CA mutations in Erdheim-Chester disease
Authors: Jean-François Emile, Eli L. Diamond, Zofia Hélias-Rodzewicz, Fleur Cohen-Aubart, Frédéric Charlotte, David M. Hyman, Eunhee Kim, Raajit Rampal, Minal Patel, Chezi Ganzel, Shlomzion Aumann, Gladwys Faucher, Catherine Le Gall, Karen Leroy, Magali Colombat, Jean-Emmanuel Kahn, Salim Trad, Philippe Nizard, Jean Donadieu, Valérie Taly, Zahir Amoura, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Julien Haroche
Journal: Blood (2014)
A Lecture ON SOME INVESTIGATIONS OF SENSATION
Authors: J. S. B. Stopford
Journal: BMJ (1925)

steadily advanced, till eventually that branch of thera- leutics now known as medical hydrology maV be said to liave gradually enmerged from a form of empiricism, based largely on tradition and superstitious belief, to a recogiiizcd branchl of scientific medicine.I thinik we may justly claim that the work of this Association, in stimulating the study of medicine and tih1 allied sciences, has contributed largely to the remarkable advances made in the treatment of disease duringf the last century.It is interesting to note that of the eleven names mentioned of those present at the original meeting at Worcester, when the Association was first founded, two are those of Dr. Edward Barlow and Mr. Soden, both of Bath; also that Bath supplied no fewer than six members of the original Council of the Association.It is further recorded that at the first Annual Meeting, held in Bristol on July 19th, 1833, Dr. Barlow, who became President in 1838, gave " an address of a retrospective nature "; so that ninety-two years ago, almost to the day, the originial members of this Association were probably listening to an address given on almost the same lines-as that which I have ventured to deliver to you to-night.
Autoimmune hepatitis with incidental histologic features of bile duct injury
Authors: Albert J. Czaja, Herschel A. Carpenter
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Bile duct changes are atypical of autoimmune hepatitis. Our aims were to assess the frequency and significance of these changes in classical disease. Liver biopsy specimens were reviewed under code from 84 patients who satisfied international scoring criteria for autoimmune hepatitis, and the findings were correlated with clinical features and outcome. Twenty patients (24%) had biliary changes, including 6 with destructive cholangitis, 4 with ductopenia, and 10 with nondestructive cholangitis. Patients with and without bile duct changes had similar laboratory findings. Diagnostic scores for autoimmune hepatitis were lower in patients with bile duct changes (16.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 19.1 +/- 0.2, P <.0001). The frequencies of scores sufficient for a definite (80% vs. 97%, P =.03) or probable diagnosis (20% vs. 3%, P =.03) were also less in this group. Patients with destructive cholangitis and/or ductopenia responded as well to therapy as patients with nondestructive cholangitis, and outcomes in each group were similar to those of patients without biliary changes. We concluded that biliary changes can occur in classic autoimmune hepatitis, and they are not associated with distinctive clinical features or treatment response. They may be coincidental findings associated with classic disease or weak expressions of a variant syndrome. In the absence of a cholestatic clinical syndrome, they do not compel a different management strategy.
p16INK4a expression in actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease
Authors: M.E. Salama, M.N. Mahmood, H.S. Qureshi, C. Ma, R.J. Zarbo, A.H. Ormsby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Progression of cutaneous squamous neoplasms from actinic keratosis (AK) to Bowen's disease (BD; squamous cell carcinoma in situ) has important implications for clinical management and treatment, thus requiring accurate diagnosis. p16INK4a is a cell cycle regulatory tumour suppressor protein that negatively regulates D‐type cyclins in the G1 cell cycle phase via intimate interplay with the retinoblastoma gene. Expression of a paraffin‐reactive p16INK4a marker has recently been shown to increase in cervical squamous neoplasms as lesions progress from low‐grade dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma in situ. p16INK4a expression in the progression of squamous cutaneous neoplasia, however, has not been evaluated. Objectives To evaluate p16INK4a expression in the progression of squamous cutaneous neoplasia. Methods Biopsies of 203 squamous cutaneous neoplasms with unequivocal features of AK (n = 87) and BD (n = 116) as well as a benign squamous control group (verruca vulgaris: n = 10; seborrhoeic keratosis: n = 11; scar tissue: n = 8) obtained between January and December 2001 at Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit, MI, U.S.A.) were immunostained for p16INK4a (Dako; clone E6H4; dilution 1 : 50) using large core (1·5 mm) tissue microarray analysis. Nuclear/cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in > 10% of neoplastic cells was considered positive. Results Of 203 cases, 166 (81·8%) were interpretable (AK 59; BD 107). Mean patient age was 71·0 years (range 33–93); 57% were male. Sites of involvement were: head and extremities 75·9%, trunk/buttocks 21·7%, genital region 2·4%. p16INK4a immunostaining was positive in 90 of 107 (84·1%) BD cases, four of 59 (6·8%) AK cases and none of 29 benign squamous controls. The sensitivity and specificity of p16INK4a for a diagnosis of BD (vs. benign squamous controls/AK) was 84·1% and 95·5%, respectively (P < 0·0001, Fisher's exact test, two‐sided). Conclusions p16INK4a is a sensitive and specific marker for distinguishing BD from AK/benign squamous cutaneous lesions and may be helpful as an adjunct to histomorphology in the diagnosis and appropriate clinical management of these lesions.
A new approach for explaining dreaming and REM sleep mechanisms
Authors: Amina Khambalia, Colin M. Shapiro
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The following review summarizes and examines Mark Solms's article Dreaming and REM Sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms, which argues why the understanding of REM sleep as the physiological equivalent of dreaming needs to be re-analyzed. An analysis of Solms's article demonstrates that he makes a convincing argument against the paradigmatic activation-synthesis model proposed by Hobson and McCarley and provides provocative evidence to support his claim that REM and dreaming are dissociable states. In addition, to situate Solms's findings in concurrent research, other studies are mentioned that are further elucidated by his argument. [Solms]
Abstract 736: Development of a novel circulating tumor cell technology for cancer predictive biomarker analysis.
Authors: Zhigang Kang, William Dahut, James Gulley, Yunkai Yu, Paul S. Meltzer, Liang Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Circulation tumor cells are critically important to understand tumor metastasis and may have a potential to noninvasively evaluate the cancer for clinical management. The isolation and characterization of CTC represent a major technological challenge. While the CellSeach system by J&amp;J has shown that CTC enumeration can be an independent predictor of survival for breast, prostate and colon cancer, little molecular information can be obtained from the CTC to have an impact on patient management or clinical outcome. Most hormone dependent castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) becomes refractory after one to three years of treatment, many through the amplification or mutation of the androgen receptor gene. As multiple targeted agents become available for this cancer and no tumor material can be obtained due to bone metastasis, there is an urgent need to be able to evaluate biomarkers of CRPC for clinical management of the patients. In order to assess biomarkers that may influence the management of CRPC, we worked on a novel antibody-independent CTC purification technology for isolation of Live CTC from CRPC. Citation Format: Zhigang Kang, William Dahut, James Gulley, Yunkai Yu, Paul S. Meltzer, Liang Cao. Development of a novel circulating tumor cell technology for cancer predictive biomarker analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 736. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-736
TRAUMATIC LESIONS OF THE EYE.
Authors: FRANK W. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I do not purpose to burden an organization of this character with an exhaustive narration relative to this subject. I desire rather to present it only in a general way, for no paper of reasonable length can properly treat in detail a subject so varied and manifold. The clinical pictures presented by traumatic lesions of the eye are practically without number. The diversity of structure and the still greater diversity of inflicting agents makes a complete catalogue of injuries to the eye impossible. Some one, who has taken the great pains to do so, has listed seventy different pathologic conditions of the eye and orbit due to bullet wounds alone. These ocular traumatisms are becoming more frequent, for modern conditions, with the increase of mechanical appliances, rapid transit, etc., and the more general use of chemicals and gases, make their demands of the eye as well as of other parts
EFFECTS OF HYPERTONIC SALINE IN THE TOXAEMIAS OF LATER PREGNANCY
Authors: V. J. Harding, H. B. Van Wyck
Journal: BMJ (1930)

Bn_689The presence of cancer cells growing in the epidermis leads to a definite reaction in the cutis.There occurs new formation of capillaries, and this is accompanied by exten- sive infiltration of leucocytes and plasma cells; I have also met with eosinophils in large numbers.When the growth within the epidermis is discontinuous, a definite relation- ship between the affection of the epidermis a-nd the under- lying cellular reaction can often be recognized.Owing to the new formation of blood vessels and their congested state, and to a certain amount of exudate which soaks through the epidermis, the characteristic features of such lesions areo produced.Of course, at a later sta,ge the affected epidermis may become destroyed, and then fhere is a red surface formed by granulation tissue.
Malignant Thymoma and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: William L. Morgan, Hugh R. Dudley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

MUCH has been written concerning the relation of myasthenia gravis to the thymus. There are fewer articles, however, describing myasthenia gravis with thymoma, and fewer still on its relation to malignant thymoma. In 1942 only 5 such cases had been collected.1 Castleman and Norris2 stated that thymoma occurred in 10 to 15 per cent of cases of myasthenia gravis and that "if implantation connotes malignancy, then the thymoma may be carcinomatous in a very small percentage of cases (between 5–10%)." Most authors agree with this figure of the association of thymoma with myasthenia gravis3 4 5 6; in 1951 an estimated 130 . . .
Oxygen and Athletes
Authors: Kenneth H. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Small increments in performance can be the difference between winning and losing an athletic contest. Coaches and athletes constantly seek methods to produce these increments by improved training techniques or ergogenic aids. Many ergogenic aids are banned in competition and during training by sports governing bodies, but breathing oxygenrich air is permitted during recovery in many sports. It is common to see a college or professional football player come to the sidelines, place a mask over his nose and mouth, and breathe from an oxygen tank. Coaches and players apparently believe that this procedure hastens recovery and will permit the athlete to return to competition with renewed vigor. Priestley himself said "I fancied that my breast felt peculiarly light and easy for some time afterwards [after breathing 100% oxygen]" (as reported by Welch).<sup>1</sup> Furthermore, many years ago, Hill and Flack<sup>2,3</sup>suggested that supplemental oxygen might speed recovery from
The role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in<i><i>Helicobacter pylori</i></i>pathogenesis
Authors: Alexander Sheh, James G Fox
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori overturned the conventional dogma that the stomach was a sterile organ and that pH values < 4 were capable of sterilizing the stomach. H. pylori are an etiological agent associated with gastritis, hypochlorhydria, duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. It is now appreciated that the human stomach supports a bacterial community with possibly 100s of bacterial species that influence stomach homeostasis. Other bacteria colonizing the stomach may also influence H. pylori-associated gastric pathogenesis by creating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modulating inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarize the available literature concerning the gastric microbiota in humans, mice, and Mongolian gerbils. We also discuss the gastric perturbations, many involving H. pylori, that facilitate the colonization by bacteria from other compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, and identify risk factors known to affect gastric homeostasis that contribute to changes in the microbiota.
Cutaneous Effects of Sun Exposure
Authors: David N. Silvers
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Extensive skin changes in an 85-year-old man continuously exposed to sunshine during a 63-year career as a lifeguard bear testimony to the potentially harmful effects of ultraviolet light.  Warnings against prolonged exposure to sunlight have been meager and little heeded, yet, in this era of increased leisure, vacationing in sunny climes and tanning of the skin have become status symbols.  Herewith we report a case of the severe effects of prolonged exposure to sunlight.  Report of a Case.—  The patient is an 85-year-old, white, blond, blue-eyed man who had worked continuously and year round as a lifeguard from the age of 15 to retirement at 78 (63 years!). In this occupation he spent summers in New York and winters in Florida. In the course of the years, every part of his body except that covered by skimpy bathing trunks became heavily but unevenly pigmented and studded with
UTILITY OF FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE (BASED ON SYSTOLIC PRESSURE) IN THE ENDPOINT DETERMINATION AFTER ILIOFEMORAL INTERVENTION
Authors: Naotaka Murata, Hideaki Aihara, Yoshimitsu Soga, Kei Ichihashi, Yoshio Kobayashi, Atsushi Tosaka, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: incidence and mechanisms.
Authors: G H Bardy, D L Packer, L D German, J J Gallagher
Journal: Circulation (1984)

During the electrophysiologic study of 435 patients referred for evaluation of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 42 (10%) had preexcited reciprocating tachycardia (defined as a macro-reentrant tachycardia that used an accessory atrioventricular [AV] pathway for antegrade conduction). The ages of the patients ranged from 9 to 67 years (27 +/- 14). Thirty-three were male patients, nine female, and eight had Ebstein's anomaly. Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia cycle length was 220 to 430 msec (294 +/- 42). Significant hemodynamic compromise in the laboratory directly related to preexcitated reciprocating tachycardia occurred in only one patient. However, in 10 patients a transformation to atrial fibrillation was seen after a spontaneously occurring premature atrial contraction. Only 17 of the 42 patients with preexcited reciprocating tachycardia during electrophysiologic study had the same tachycardia documented clinically. These 17 patients were more often younger with multiple accessory pathways and with no history of orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia when compared with 25 patients in whom preexcited reciprocating tachycardia could be induced only in the laboratory. Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia was induced in the laboratory in 22 of 374 (6%) patients with single accessory pathways and in 20 of 61 (33%) of those with multiple accessory pathways. In the 20 patients with multiple accessory pathways, the spectrum of reentrant circuits included fusion over two or more accessory pathways or fusion over both an accessory pathway and the AV node. In the 22 patients with a single accessory pathway and true antidromic reciprocating tachycardia, all but two episodes were at least 4 cm from the AV node. No patient with true antidromic reciprocating tachycardia had a posterior septal accessory AV pathway. Only in patients with multiple accessory pathways was the posterior septal accessory AV pathway used as the antegrade limb.
Cancer-testis antigen MAGE-C2/CT10 induces spontaneous CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: H Reinhard, S Yousef, T Luetkens, B Fehse, B Berdien, N Kröger, D Atanackovic
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Cancer-testis antigen MAGE-C2/CT10 induces spontaneous CD4 +  and CD8 +  T-cell responses in multiple myeloma patients