tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Researchers Promote Science to Curb Methamphetamine Addiction
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of Bretylium Tosylate for the Treatment of Premature Ventricular Contractions
Authors: DONALD W. ROMHILT, SAUL S. BLOOMFIELD, RAYMOND J. LIPICKY, RICHARD M. WELCH, NOBLE O. FOWLER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

In a controlled setting bretylium tosylate was evaluated for efficacy, toxicity, onset, and duration of action in eight patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVC). Four patients received a single im dose of bretylium, 4 mg/kg, with before and after control days; the other four patients received bretylium, 2 and 4 mg/kg, on different days with before and between control days. PVC were quantified from stored continuous ECG tape recordings by an automated arrhythmia-detection system. Five patients had 50% or more reduction of PVC frequency with bretylium 4 mg/kg, and one with 2 mg/kg. Bretylium 4 mg/kg but not 2 mg/kg reduced mean PVC frequency by half beginning at the sixth hour and continuing for 12 hours. Hypotension began within 1 hour. Maximum fall in mean supine blood pressure was 17/6 mm Hg with 2 mg/kg, and 25/12 mm Hg with 4 mg/kg. Plasma bretylium concentration was maximum at about 1 hour with a mean elimination half-life of 10 hours. A controlled quantitative method for evaluation of antiarrhythmic drugs in man demonstrated that bretylium can be effective in suppressing PVC frequency. The dissociation between hypotensive and antiarrhythmic effects of bretylium suggested that its antiarrhythmic effect was independent of adrenergic neuronal blockade.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Paul J. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1976)

FIDLER and Brook<sup>1</sup>recently reported two cases of slipped upper femoral epiphysis during treatment with growth hormone. Rennie and Mitchell<sup>2</sup>reported a similar case. We have been unable to find reports of slipped capital femoral epiphysis following administration of chorionic gonadotropin, which has also been known to cause a growth spurt.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old young man, with a skeletal age of 14 years, was seen in Rutgers Medical School-Raritan Valley Hospital emergency room in December 1974, with right hip pain. His height was 1.87 meters, and weight was 75 kg. He had normal body proportions and normal testicular development and pubic hair pattern. In July 1974, he had been treated for "retarded puberty," manifested by absence of axillary and pubic hair. Results of an examination at that time had indicated a low testosterone level. He was treated with chorionic gonadotropin, 3,000 units twice weekly for
US group suggests way to boost access to trial data while preventing misuse
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A working group convened by the Multiregional Clinical Trials Center at Harvard University has recommended a new approach to ensuring that clinical trial sponsors make participant level data publicly available while protecting against inappropriate use of the data.1 

It said that one way to achieve this might be with an independent board that oversaw data requests and use. Anyone using the data would have to follow a scientifically valid analytical plan.

Michelle Mello, professor of law and public health at the Harvard School of Public Health and the report’s lead author, said, “Our experiences with Vioxx [rofecoxib], Avandia [rosiglitazone], and other widely prescribed drugs that were revealed to have serious safety risks show how important it is to give independent scientists access to clinical trial data.

“The question is: how can we achieve the powerful public health benefits of data sharing while protecting research participants’ privacy, avoiding ‘junk science,’ …
Modulation of airway intraepithelial dendritic cells following exposure to steroids.
Authors: D J Nelson, A S McWilliam, S Haining, P G Holt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Recent studies from our laboratory have identified a network of constitutively class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Ia)-bearing dendritic cells (DC) within the epithelium of the conducting airways of laboratory animal species and in humans. These studies have also demonstrated that the density of the DC network increases within the airway epithelium in response to inflammatory challenge. In the present report, we demonstrate that exposure of adult rats to inhaled steroids leads to a rapid but readily reversible decrease both in the number of airway intraepithelial DC, and in their surface Ia expression. Similar changes are also seen in response to high doses of systemic dexamethasone. In addition, we demonstrate that steroid inhalation reduces the rate of postnatal expansion of the airway intraepithelial DC network in rat pups, and prevents the rapid expansion of the DC network in adults which occurs during the acute inflammatory response following inhalation of microbial stimuli.
Renal Response to Chronic Intravenous Salt Loading in the Rat
Authors: Terrance M. Daugharty, Iris F. Ueki, Delys P. Nicholas, Barry M. Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The natriuresis of acute Ringer's loading is associated with a rise in the rate of delivery of fluid beyond the proximal tubule due both to a rise in glomerular filtration and a fall in absolute reabsorption, the latter being causally mediated, at least in part, by the accompanying fall in postglomerular vascular [protein]. To determine whether these factors also contribute to the renal response to chronic Ringer's loading, nine rats given continuous infusions, 30% body weight/day over 5-14 days, were studied using free-flow micro-puncture techniques. Results were compared with data from 10 chronic control rats given less than 1.5% body wt/day. Late proximal tubule fluid-to-plasma [inulin] ratios, (TF/P)(IN), single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR), absolute proximal reabsorption, and postglomerular vascular [protein] in chronic control rats and chronically loaded rats averaged 2.2+/-SE 0.1 (n = 35) and 1.5+/-0 (35), P<0.001; 37+/-2 (35) and 47+/-4 nl/min (35), P<0.05; 19+/-1 (35) and 16+/-2 nl/min (35), P>0.2; and 9.5+/-0.3 (8) and 8.6+/-0.3 g/100 ml (8), P>0.05, respectively. Thus the fall in (TF/P)(IN) and the rise in distal delivery during chronic Ringer's loading were due almost entirely to the rise in SNGFR, and not to any large fall in absolute reabsorption. Hence chronic and acute Ringer's loading increase delivery of proximal tubule fluid by different mechanisms, with chronic sodium homeostasis being governed overwhelmingly by adjustments in GFR. When, however, an acute Ringer's load was infused into chronically loaded rats, we observed significant and parallel reductions in absolute proximal reabsorption and postglomerular vascular [protein]. These findings suggest that the difference between the effects of chronic vs. acute Ringer's loading on absolute proximal reabsorption may have been due, at least in part, to the corresponding difference in the effects these two loading procedures have on postglomerular vascular [protein].
IS DIPHTHERIA DOOMED BY THE DISCOVERY OF ANTITOXIN?
Authors: F. E. WAXHAM
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Probably, with the exception of Koch's tuberculin, nothing has so interested and excited the civilized world as antitoxin, the new remedy for diphtheria. Like all other new advances and discoveries in medicine, it has its advocates who claim it as a specific when properly and timely used, also its enemies who decry its use and proclaim it a huge fraud; others again who admit the value of antitoxin but claim that its dangers more than offset its advantages; still again there are others, and among them Virchow, who acknowledge the dangers of the new remedy and yet claim that the lessened mortality under its use more than compensates for the dangers and risks of its employment. From all this conflicting testimony it is difficult to estimate its true value, but at present date the evidence is decidedly in its favor. The opponents of antitoxin point to the anatomic lesions found
The role of action in verbal communication and shared reality
Authors: Gerald Echterhoff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract In examining the utility of the action view advanced in the Pickering &amp; Garrod (P&amp;G) target article, I first consider its contribution to the analysis of language vis-à-vis earlier language-as-action approaches. Second, I assess the relation between coordinated joint action, which serves as a blueprint for dialogue coordination, and the experience of shared reality, a key concomitant and product of interpersonal communication.
Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of Barrett's oesophagus: a community-based study
Authors: D A Corley, A Kubo, T R Levin, G Block, L Habel, W Zhao, P Leighton, G Rumore, C Quesenberry, P Buffler, J Parsonnet
Journal: Gut (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Gastric colonisation with the <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> bacterium is a proposed protective factor against oesophageal adenocarcinoma, but its point of action is unknown. Its associations with Barrett's oesophagus, a metaplastic change that is a probable early event in the carcinogenesis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, were evaluated <h3>Methods:</h3> A case–control study was carried out in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population, a large health services delivery organisation. Persons with a new Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis (cases) were matched to subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) without Barrett's oesophagus and to population controls. Subjects completed direct in-person interviews and antibody testing for <i>H pylori</i> and its CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene product A) protein. <h3>Results:</h3> Serological data were available on 318 Barrett's oesophagus cases, 312 GORD patients and 299 population controls. Patients with Barrett's oesophagus were substantially less likely to have antibodies for <i>H pylori</i> (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.70) than population controls; this inverse association was stronger among those with lower body mass indexes (BMIs &lt;25, OR = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.20) and those with CagA+ strains (OR = 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.35). The associations were diminished after adjustment for GORD symptoms. The <i>H pylori</i> status was not an independent risk factor for Barrett's oesophagus compared with the GORD controls. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and CagA+ status were inversely associated with a new diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that <i>H pylori</i> colonisation protects against Barrett's oesophagus and that the association may be at least partially mediated through GORD.
Malignant Tumour of the Small Intestine
Authors: F. J. C. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1949)

LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA TREATED WITH URETHANE MEDITSHRNAL and was having haematemesis and melaena.The temperature rose intermittently to 1020 F. (38.90 C.), and the pulse to 160.As death appeared imminent from blood loss, 600 ml. of Group 0 blood was transfused, with marked clinical improvement, on July 23.The same day urethane, 1i gr. (0.1 g.) thrice daily orally, was started.The succeeding blood counts are shown in the accompanying Table and Chart.The changes in the blood picture were associ-Record of Blood Counts W.B.C.
Improved Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation After Blockade of Endothelin Receptors in Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Carmine Cardillo, Umberto Campia, Crescence M. Kilcoyne, Melissa B. Bryant, Julio A. Panza
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Hypertensive patients have both impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increased activity of the endothelin (ET-1) system, which participate in their increased vascular tone and may predispose them to atherosclerosis. This study investigated the contribution of increased ET-1 activity to the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator function of hypertensive patients. Methods and Results — Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh; 7.5, 15, and 30 μg/min) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.8,1.6, and 3.2 μg/min) were assessed by strain-gauge plethysmography before and after nonselective blockade of ET A and ET B receptors by combined infusion of BQ-123 (ET A blocker; 100 nmol/min) and BQ-788 (ET B blocker; 50 nmol/min). During saline administration, the vasodilator response to ACh was significantly blunted in hypertensive patients compared with controls ( P &lt;0.001), whereas the vasodilator effect of SNP was not different between groups ( P =0.74). Blockade of ET-1 receptors resulted in a significant increase in FBF from baseline in hypertensive patients ( P &lt;0.008) but not in controls ( P =0.15). In hypertensive patients, a combined ET A/B blockade resulted in a significant potentiation of the vasodilator response to ACh compared with saline ( P =0.01), whereas the response to SNP was unchanged ( P =0.44). In contrast, the response to ACh was not significantly modified by ET-1 receptor antagonism in healthy subjects ( P =0.14 compared with saline). Conclusions — These findings indicate that blockade of ET-1 receptors improves endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in hypertensive patients, thereby suggesting that an increased ET-1 activity may play a role in the pathophysiology of this abnormality.
A cause of paired ventricular extrasystoles.
Authors: S Kinoshita, K Fujita, K Kanda, Y Tanabe, T Kawasaki
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Eight patients with ventricular extrasystoles are reported in whom coupling intervals of the extrasystoles to the proceding sinus beats were variable and in whom paired ventricular extrasystoles were occasionally seen. In all patients, paired ventricular extrasystoles were initiated only by comparatively late coupled ventricular extrasystoles. However, the interval between the first and the second of these paired extrasystoles was always much shorter than the coupling interval of this first extrasystole to the preceding sinus beat, so that the latter extrasystole often interrupted the T wave of the first one, indicating the R-on-T phenomenon. In two patients there was a gap between the ranges of coupling intervals for single extrasystoles and for the first ones of paired extrasystoles. These observations suggest the presence of longitudinal dissociation in the reentrant pathway as one of the causes of paired ventricular extrasystoles.
Further Observations on the Effects of Thyroid Hormone Preparations on Cholesterolemia and Atherogenesis in Cholesterol-Fed Cockerels
Authors: J. STAMLER, R. PICK, L. N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Administration of large doses of thyroid hormone preparations (desiccated thyroid powder, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, diiodotyrosine) to cholesterol-fed chicks was associated with decreased rate of weight gain and partial inhibition of hypercholesterolemia. Consistent, definitive inhibition of aorta and coronary atherogenesis was not observed, despite partial suppression of hypercholesterolemia. Potassium iodide and thyroid-stimulating hormone of the anterior pituitary were essentially without effect.
The paradoxical world of protein O-GlcNAcylation: a novel effector of cardiovascular (dys)function
Authors: S. A. Marsh, J. C. Chatham
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

This editorial refers to 'O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the vascular effects of ET-1 via activation of the RhoA/Rhokinase pathway' by V.V
HUMAN INFESTATION WITH THE RAT TAPEWORM (HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA)
Authors: Esther B. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In 1922, Riley and Shannon<sup>1</sup>thoroughly reviewed the literature covering human infestation with<i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i>and were able to find a total of sixty-one cases, many being from Japan. They added a case of their own in a 9 months old baby in Minnesota from whom twenty worms were recovered. Since the publication of their paper three more cases have been reported: Butka<sup>2</sup>reported one in a 16 months old baby who passed one worm; Momma<sup>3</sup>reported one in an 18 months old child who passed four worms; and Gundrum and Snyder<sup>4</sup>reported a case in California in a 15 months old boy who passed eight worms. The possible sources of human contamination offer a field for speculation. The natural hosts of the adult worm are the mouse and the rat. The intermediate hosts, which harbor the cysticercoid, have been demonstrated to be the rat and mouse
Interaction of asbestos with metaplastic squamous epithelium developing in organ cultures of hamster trachea.
Authors: C D Woodworth, B T Mossman, J E Craighead
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The normal mucociliary epithelium of the respiratory tract in chronic cigarette smokers often is replaced focally by a metaplastic squamous epithelium. Because asbestos workers who smoke have a substantially greater risk of bronchogenic carcinoma than nonsmokers, we hypothesized that interaction of asbestos with squamous epithelium might be a contributing factor. To address this question, an in vitro model was developed to study the interaction of asbestos with both mucociliary and squamous epithelium. Explants of tracheas from hamsters were cultured in either a chemically defined minimal essential medium, which maintains a differentiated epithelium, or a nutritionally complex medium, which encourages the development of squamous metaplasia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure quantitatively the development of a squamous epithelial surface on the explants. The interaction of chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos with cells of the mucociliary and squamous epithelium was studied using both SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Long fibers of asbestos were cleared, whereas shorter fibers were phagocytized by cells of the mucociliary epithelium. In contrast, asbestos was phagocytized by superficial squamous cells regardless of fiber length, and fibers penetrated between intercellular junctions in the metaplastic epithelium. The relevance of these interactions to the induction of bronchogenic carcinoma is discussed.
Cocaine Use, Risk Taking, and Fatal Russian Roulette
Authors: Peter M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the association between recent cocaine use and risk taking, particularly in the form of playing Russian roulette, a paradigm for extreme risk-taking behavior. <h3>Design.</h3> —A case-control study. <h3>Cases and Controls.</h3> —The prevalence of cocaine use among all Russian roulette fatalities (N=14) was compared with a demographically similar, randomly selected sample (N=54) of all suicides by handgun during a contemporaneous 4-year period in New York City, NY. <h3>Results.</h3> —Recent use of cocaine, the most common drug found at autopsy, was detected in 64% of Russian roulette fatalities and in 35% of the control group (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). All Russian roulette fatalities were male and usually young and unemployed. Blacks and Hispanics accounted for 80% of all cases and were overrepresented compared with their numbers in the general population. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —In some populations cocaine may be associated with life-threatening risk-taking behaviors. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:2635-2637)
A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT PATCH TEST
Authors: H. S. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1935)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Because of the complicating dermatitis that occurs after the use of any adhesive agent, such as tape or the gluelike substance that has been used on the cotton felt rings, the following simple method has proved effective. It eliminates the use of rubber tissue or any agent that might produce a dermatitis through allergy. A circular piece of sterile absorbent cotton about the size of a silver dollar (38 mm.) and from 0.5 to 1 cm. thick is used and the suspected agent is placed on this. If a powder is used, an amount covering an area about 1 cm. square is placed in the center of the cotton; if a liquid is used a small piece of cotton 1 cm. square may be soaked with the agent and placed in the center of the circular pad of cotton. After the skin has been cleansed with ether,
914. A Dichotomous Role for Interleukin−10 in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Greg G. Simon, Fletcher Schwartz, Clive Wasserfall, Mark A. Atkinson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Depending on the time, dose, route of administration, and location of expression, interleukin-10 (IL-10) can modulate the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice; including evidence for disease prevention upon early and late (e.g., 12 wk) administration involving systemic over-expression. To further define the role for IL-10 in the pathogenesis of T1D, a recombinant adeno-associated serotype 1 virus containing a tetracycline inducible murine IL-10 construct (rAAV1-teton-IL-10) was developed and injected IM (7X109 particles) into 4 wk old female NOD mice. 3 groups (n=10 each) of vector treated animals received doxycycline (200mg/Kg) in their food from 4-8 wk, 8-12 wk or 12-16 wk of age. Two PBS injected control groups were used; one with and the other without doxycycline in their food. At 36 weeks of age, the rates of T1D were 40%, 10%, 30% for the rAAV-teton-IL-10 groups from 4-8, 8-12 and 12-16 wk respectively. Interestingly, animals that developed T1D did so within 2-4 wk of IL-10 vector turn on. The remaining animals were diabetes free until 36 wk age. Put another way, the 40% of rAAV-teton-IL-10 treated mice had T1D between 7-8 wk of age whereas the control rates were significantly slower (p<0.05). The serum levels of IL-10 from treated mice were exponentially greater than in our previous studies (121+/|[minus]|86 ng/ml; mean SD). The T1D rates were 75% and 30% in the PBS with or without doxycycline control groups respectively. Histological analysis of rAAV-IL-10 treated mice indicated marked inflammation in liver, salivary glands, acinar as well as endocrine pancreas and splenomegaly,in groups producing high levels of IL-10. In sum, rather than 100% protection, as seen previously with moderate levels, extreme overexpression of IL-10 can actually accelerate T1D in this model. Furthermore, primed effector T cells capable of beta cell destruction are present early in NOD mice and high levels of IL-10 may allow for their destructive capabilities.
REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH THE XENON-133 INHALATION METHOD
Authors: Rona Notestine Ariel, Charles J. Golden, Richard A. Berg, Merton A. Quaife, J. William Dirksen, Jeffrey Coffman, Benjamin Graber
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Ariel, Rona Notestine; Golden, Charles J.; Berg, Richard A.; Quaife, Merton A.; Dirksen, J. William; Coffman, Jeffrey; Graber, Benjamin Author Information