tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA11: The epigenetic stability of pluripotent and somatic cell states
Authors: Jacob H. Hanna
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The identity of somatic and pluripotent cells can be epigenetically reprogrammed and forced to adapt a new functional cell state by different methods and distinct combinations of exogenous factors. The aspiration to utilize such ex vivo reprogrammed pluripotent and somatic cells for therapeutic purposes necessitates understanding of the mechanisms of reprogramming and elucidating the extent of equivalence of the in vitro derived cells to their in vivo counterparts. I will present and analyze our recent advances toward understanding these fundamental questions, and discuss the role of chromatin remodeling complexes in influencing the characteristics of pluripotency and reprogramming. I will further highlight future possibilities for utilizing epigenetic reprogramming for experimental and theoretical modeling of gene expression regulation, cell fate decisions and early mammalian development. Citation Format: Jacob H. Hanna. The epigenetic stability of pluripotent and somatic cell states. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
Sampling rates required for digital recording of intracellular and extracellular cardiac potentials.
Authors: R C Barr, M S Spach
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Electrocardiograms and cardiac electrograms now frequently are measured for both clinical and experimental purposes by direct digital sampling, with no recording of the signal in analog form. This study examined the question of what sampling rates were required to measure accurately the continuous waveforms from the digital samples. Body surface waveforms and intracellular and extracellular waveforms measured directly from cardiac tissues were evaluated. Cardiac measurements included waveforms from the atrium, ventricle, atrioventricular transmission system and individual Purkinje strands. Sampling rates as high as 15,000 samples/sec were required to record accurately extracellular waveforms of the ventricular conduction system. Decreasing sampling rates were required as the recording site shifted through the ventricle to the body surface, where sampling rates as high as 1500 samples/sec were necessary.
Reduction in coagulation factor VII plasma levels by R353Q but not the −323P0/10 promoter polymorphism in healthy Tunisians
Authors: Nabil Mtiraoui, Nesrine Aboud, Hatem Bouraoui, Sondes Haizem, Jean Christophe Gris, Marc Busson, Hala Tamim, Wassim Y. Almawi, Touhami Mahjoub
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

The association between the R353Q and -323P0/10 (10-bp insertion in the promoter region at position -323) factor VII mutations and plasma factor VII levels was investigated in a group of 214 healthy Tunisians. The frequency for the Q allele was 0.253 and that for the 10-bp allele was 0.206, and their distribution was variable, with a high prevalence of the 10-bp allele (0.306) seen in North Tunisia and a high prevalence of the Q allele (0.288) see in the Sahel region. No significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between the two mutations, and the most prevalent haplotype was -323P0/353R (0.589 +/- 0.054). Carriers of the R353Q (P < 0.001), but not -323P0/10 (P = 0.088), factor VII mutations had lower mean factor VII serum concentrations. This reduction in mean serum factor VII was more pronounced among homozygous (Q/Q) carriers and among males (49.9%) compared to females (32.7%). Adjusting for all other variables in the linear regression analysis (sex, age, region, smoking, and R353Q and -323P0/10 mutations), heterozygous carriers of the -323P0/10 and R353Q mutation had on average reductions of 10 units (P = 0.005) and 30 units (P < 0.001) in plasma factor VII, respectively, compared to noncarriers, while homozygote carriers of the R353Q (-43.3, P < 0.001), but not carriers of the -323P0/10 (-6.30, P = 0.356), had significantly lower levels of mean plasma factor VII. These data suggest that part of the previously described effects on FVIIc levels associated with the R/Q polymorphism may be explained by genetic variation in the promoter region of the FVII gene.
A 4 year old boy with recurrent wheeze and chest infections
Authors: A. Gupta, D. S Urquhart, S. Donovan, A. Bush
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 4 year old boy presented with a history of recurrent wheeze and chest infections over the previous two years, which had caused him to be admitted to hospital many times. Previous chest radiographs had shown right middle and lower lobe changes. The episodes had been treated with antibiotics with limited effect. Treatment for asthma (a bronchodilator and steroid inhalers) also failed to improve the situation. He was admitted for a 24 hour investigation, a 20 hour epoch of which is displayed below (figure)⇓. Twenty hour trace ### Short answers View this table: Details of episodes of reflux
The Better Outcomes Associated with Warfarin use in Patients with Heart Failure in Either Atrial Fibrillation or Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Güliz Kozdağ, Ender Emre, Gokhan Ertas, Yasar Akay, Irem Yilmaz, Tayfun Sahin, Teoman Kilic, Halil Ekren, Umut Celikyurt, Goksel Kahraman, Ertan Ural, Onur Argan, Dilek Ural
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
P4-11-10: Perceptions, Knowledge and Satisfaction with Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy among Young Women with Breast Cancer.
Authors: MS Tracy, ME Meyer, K Sepucha, S Gelber, J Hirshfield-Bartek, S Troyan, M Morrow, L Schapira, S Come, E Winer, AH Partridge
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: There has been an increasing prevalence of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM), particularly among younger women with breast cancer. There has been limited research evaluating patient preference, knowledge and decision-making regarding this issue. Methods: We surveyed women who had bilateral mastectomy who were enrolled in a multicenter, longitudinal cohort study of women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 and younger. The CPM survey included 23 items on decision making, knowledge, and satisfaction with CPM. Results: Of the 550 patients enrolled as of November 2010, 157 (28.5%) had bilateral mastectomy, of whom 124 completed the CPM survey (response rate 79%). Women with bilateral breast cancer (3) or bilateral prophylactic (1) indications for surgery were excluded. Median age at diagnosis was 37 years (range 26–40); 26 women (21%) reported having a genetic mutation (21 BRCA1 and 5 BRCA2). Excluding mutation carriers, women estimated that a median of 10 of 100 women (range 0–90) would develop contralateral breast cancer in the 5 years after unilateral breast cancer treatment and that 5 of 100 women (range 0 — 98) treated with CPM would develop contralateral breast cancer. Eighteen percent of all respondents believed that women who undergo bilateral mastectomy live longer. Women were asked the importance of potential reasons for undergoing CPM (see Table 1). Eighty-two percent of women were “extremely confident” in their decision to undergo CPM and 92% would “definitely” still choose CPM. Conclusion: Young women with breast cancer have high rates of CPM. Many young women who have undergone CPM overestimate the risk of contralateral disease and the benefits of CPM, including believing that CPM will prevent metastasis and extend life. Interventions to counsel young women with early breast cancer to help them make optimal surgical treatment decisions are needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-10.
Doctors must warn women who seek abortion in South Dakota
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors in South Dakota must tell every woman who seeks an abortion that the procedure “will terminate the life of a whole, separate, unique, living human being”; that she “has an existing relationship with that unborn human being and that the relationship enjoys protection under the United States constitution and the laws of South Dakota”; and that she faces the risk of depression, suicide, infertility, and risks to future pregnancies if she has an abortion.

The “informed consent” law, which came into effect in June, was denounced this week in an editorial and a perspectives article in the New England Journal of Medicine (2008;359:23, doi:10.1056/NEJMe0809669 and 2008;359:2189-91, http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/359/21/2189)

The editorial called the law “an affront to the first amendment rights of physicians and an embarrassment to the people of South Dakota . . . If states are permitted to mandate ideological speech about abortion, what is to stop them from doing the same for …
The University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In 1973, the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Medicine graduated its first doctors of medicine. The graduates of 1983 will bring the total graduates to 510.  The UMKC experience stands as an experiment in medical education in that it was designed, with no traditional school as its root, for (1) admission to medical school of 90% of its students directly from high school, (2) a full calendar of 12 months per year rather than the nine-month academic calendar, (3) both a liberal arts and a medical degree to be earned in six calendar years, (4) early and repetitive contact with patients to be the model, (5) students to have assignments for a full four-year period to a clinician-counselor (docent), and (6) the entire program to be completed in six years, not eight years.  This decade of experience has value for institutions of higher education with
The G-protein coupled bile salt receptor TGR5 is expressed in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Verena Keitel, Roland Reinehr, Petros Gatsios, Claudia Rupprecht, Boris Görg, Oliver Selbach, Dieter Häussinger, Ralf Kubitz
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) constitute a permeable barrier between hepatocytes and blood. SEC are exposed to high concentrations of bile salts from the enterohepatic circulation. Whether SEC are responsive to bile salts is unknown. TGR5, a G-protein–coupled bile acid receptor, which triggers cAMP formation, has been discovered recently in macrophages. In this study, rat TGR5 was cloned and antibodies directed against the C-terminus of rat TGR5 were developed, which detected TGR5 as a glycoprotein in transfected HepG2-cells. Apart from Kupffer cells, TGR5 was detected in SEC of rat liver. SEC expressed TGR5 over the entire acinus, whereas endothelial cells of the portal or central veins were not immunoreactive toward TGR5 antibodies. In isolated SEC, TGR5 mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription (RT) PCR, immunofluorescence microscopy, and Western blot analysis. Bile salts increased cAMP in isolated SEC and induced mRNA expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), a known cAMP-dependent gene. In addition, bile acids activated eNOS by phosphorylation of eNOS at amino acid position 1177. In line with eNOS activation, bile acids induced NO production in liver slices. This is the first report on the expression of TGR5 in SEC. Conclusion: The data suggest that SEC are directly responsive toward specific bile salts. Regulation of eNOS in SEC by TGR5 connects bile salts with hepatic hemodynamics. This is of particular importance in cholestatic livers when bile salt concentrations are increased. (Hepatology 2007;45:695–704.)
An Objective Approach for the Assessment of Interchangeability of Cross-Reactive Food Allergens in Diagnostic Tests for Specific IgE
Authors: J. Lidholm, A. Marknell DeWitt, L. Mattsson, J. Ostling, G. Lilja, M. Nordlund, B. Ballmer-Weber, S. Scheurer, A. Wangorsch, H. Kofler, J. Sastre, E. Enrique, S. Vieths, K. Andersson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
PREVALENCE AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN GROUP-1 PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION.
Authors: Malik Al-Omari, Charles D. Burger, Khadija Alassas, Gary Lane, Joseph Blackshear, Steven Ung, Robert Safford, Christopher Austin, Preetham Kumar, Pragnesh Parikh, Brian Shapiro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Intermittent inspiratory muscle training induces fiber hypertrophy in rat diaphragm.
Authors: A Bisschop, G Gayan-Ramirez, H Rollier, R Gosselink, R Dom, V de Bock, M Decramer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The effects of 8 wk of moderate load intermittent inspiratory resistive loading on diaphragm contractility, and histochemistry of the diaphragm, scalenes, and gastrocnemius were studied in rats. A resistance was placed in the inspiratory port of a Hans-Rudolph valve, through which each animal breathed during 30 min/d, 5 times/wk (loaded group, n = 10). These rats were compared with animals breathing through the same device without inspiratory resistance (control group, n = 10). During loading, animals generated mean inspiratory pressures of -3.2 +/- 1.7 cm H2O with a TI/Ttot of 0.69 +/- 0.06, resulting in a tension-time index of 0.050. At the end of training, the diaphragm mass increased in loaded animals (0.17 +/- 0.01% body mass) compared with control animals (0.15 +/- 0.01%, p < 0.01), while scalene and gastrocnemius mass remained unchanged. Diaphragmatic force as well as fatigue resistance were similar in both groups, whereas time to peak tension was significantly (p < 0.01) shorter in loaded rats (18.8 +/- 1.7 ms) compared with control rats (21.2 +/- 1.8 ms), half-relaxation time remaining unchanged. Finally, hypertrophy of diaphragmatic type IIa (+19%, p < 0.01) and IIx/b (+12%, p < 0.05) was present in the loaded group. Histochemistry of the scalenes remained unchanged, whereas type IIx/b hypertrophy (+12%, p < 0.001) was observed in the gastrocnemius internus. We speculate that the latter was due to multiple escape maneuvers. We conclude that intermittent inspiratory muscle training: (1) caused fast twitch fiber hypertrophy in the diaphragm; (2) did not produce any effect in the scalenes.
Telomeric refinement of the MCKD1 locuson chromosome 1q21
Authors: Matthias T.F. Wolf, Bruno Van Vlem, Hans C. Hennies, Isabella Zalewski, Stephanie M. Karle, Markus Puetz, Franziska Panther, Edgar Otto, Arno Fuchshuber, Norbert Lameire, Bart Loeys, Friedhelm Hildebrandt
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Aerobic and Resistance Training for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gen-Min Lin
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells in vitro inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF.
Authors: V A Fadok, D L Bratton, A Konowal, P W Freed, J Y Westcott, P M Henson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Apoptosis in vivo is followed almost inevitably by rapid uptake into adjacent phagocytic cells, a critical process in tissue remodeling, regulation of the immune response, or resolution of inflammation. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages has been suggested to be a quiet process that does not lead to production of inflammatory mediators. Here we show that phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils (in contrast to immunoglobulin G-opsonized apoptotic cells) actively inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as leukotriene C4 and thromboxane B2, by human monocyte-derived macrophages. In contrast, production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, prostaglandin E2, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) was increased. The latter appeared to be involved in the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production because addition of exogenous TGF-beta1, prostaglandin E2, or PAF resulted in inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine production. Furthermore, anti-TGF-beta antibody, indomethacin, or PAF receptor antagonists restored cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages that had phagocytosed apoptotic cells. These results suggest that binding and/or phagocytosis of apoptotic cells induces active antiinflammatory or suppressive properties in human macrophages. Therefore, it is likely that resolution of inflammation depends not only on the removal of apoptotic cells but on active suppression of inflammatory mediator production. Disorders in either could result in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Family Practitioners' Knowledge About Treatment of Depressive Illness
Authors: Richard Ketai
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Since nonpsychiatrists, particularly family practitioners, treat a large proportion of patients with depressive illness, their knowledge in this area should be assessed. An audience of 227 family practitioners at a postgraduate symposium were examined on basic principles of treatment of depressive illness, particularly the use of tricyclic antidepressants. Their responses were compared to a group of 17 university psychiatrists. The results showed that the family practitioners knew the right treatment for endogenous depression but tended to prescribe inadequate doses of tricyclics and gave too short a therapeutic trial as compared to psychiatrists. Both the psychiatrists and family practitioners tended to discontinue medications about three to six months after improvement, which is considered a somewhat short treatment span but not inappropriate. Family practitioners need to become better informed about tricyclic dosages and therapeutic trials. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2600-2603, 1976)
Using twin studies to label disease as genetic or environmental is inappropriate
Authors: A. J MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The cover of the BMJ on 2 February poses the question “Rheumatoid arthritis: is it genetic?” and answers “Probably not.” Neither the question nor the response is valid.

The Danish twin study on which this conclusion is based identified no concordant monozygotic twin pairs and only two concordant dizygotic pairs from a sample of 37 338.1 By modelling the reported numbers of confirmed cases of rheumatoid arthritis, we calculate that the study had 80% power to detect a …
Steroid-resistant Inflammation in a Rat Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Is Associated with a Lack of Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Activation
Authors: Mark A. Birrell, Sissie Wong, David J. Hele, Kerryn McCluskie, Elizabeth Hardaker, Maria G. Belvisi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Emphysema is one component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a respiratory disease currently increasing in prevalence worldwide. The mainstay therapy adopted to treat patients with COPD is glucocorticoids; unfortunately, this treatment has limited impact on disease symptoms or underlying airway inflammation.There is an urgent need to develop therapies that modify both the underlying inflammation, thought to be involved in disease progression, and the structural changes in the emphysematous lung.We have characterized an elastase-driven model of experimental emphysema in the rat that demonstrates COPD-like airway inflammation and determined the impact of a clinically relevant glucocorticoid.We observed an increase in lung neutrophils, lymphomononuclear cells, mucus production, and inflammatory cytokines. Also present were increases in average air space area, which are associated with emphysema-like changes in lung function, such as increased residual volume and decreased flow; these increases in area were maintained for up to 10 weeks. In addition, we observed that elastase-induced airway neutrophilia is steroid resistant. Interestingly, the inflammation observed after elastase administration was found to be temporally associated with a lack of nuclear factor-kappaB pathway activation. This apparent nuclear factor-kappaB-independent inflammation may explain why treatment with a glucocorticoid was ineffective in this preclinical model and could suggest parallels in the steroid-resistant human disease.We believe that this model, in addition to its suitability for testing therapies that may modify existing emphysema, could be useful in the search for new therapies to reduce the steroid-resistant airway inflammation evident in COPD.
Tumor Board Studies Could Improve Cancer Care
Authors: A. Jacobs-Perkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Tumor Board Studies Could Improve Cancer Care Get access Andree Jacobs-Perkins Andree Jacobs-Perkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 10, 16 May 1990, Page 814, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.10.814 Published: 16 May 1990
Paediatrician David Southall is restored to the medical register
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The child protection paediatrician David Southall is free to practise again after the UK Court of Appeal quashed the General Medical Council’s decision to strike him off the medical register for accusing a mother of drugging and murdering her son.

In an addendum to its judgment last month allowing his appeal and overturning a High Court judgment in the GMC’s favour ( BMJ 2010;340:c2195, 20 Apr, doi:10.1136/bmj.c2195), the three appeal court judges also quashed the finding that he had made the accusation.

He maintained—backed up by a social worker who was at the interview in 1998—that he had not accused the mother, Mandy Morris, of murder and that her belief that she had been accused was a misperception.

The judges, who allowed the …
Attitudes to the psychiatric outpatient clinic.
Authors: D H Skuse
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Fifty patients were interviewed before their first ever appointment at a psychiatric outpatient clinic about their attitude to the forthcoming visit. Many did not know that it was a psychiatrist they were to see at the hospital. Widespread misconceptions about the nature of a psychiatric consultation were uncovered. Many felt the referral carried an implicit threat of social stigma. Patient9s misconceptions were relieved, and only 13% subsequently failed to attend the clinic compared with 30% of a control group.