tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of physical activity on cardiometabolic risk in adult greek women
Authors: EE Papadopoulou, K Kontopoulou, E Kouidi, D Psirropoulos, A Deligiannis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western populations. In clinical practice, the goal is to identify high-risk individuals, since global CVD risk information may contribute to CVD prevention. Therefore, it is important to take into account the metabolic syndrome-related CVD risk, as well as the risk posed by traditional CVD risk factors. Several studies have shown that physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for CVD, although it is not included in the traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. Limited information exists about the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, the role of physical activity on them and the burden of CVD in the adult female Greek population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity on the cardiometabolic risk factors in Greek healthy adult women. Methods Eighty eight women, aged 45.4±6.9 years, without any chronic disease, volunteered to participate in this study. All women were submitted to medical and anthropometric evaluation (measurement of waist circumference, weight, BMI and blood pressure) and laboratory testing for: total choles-terol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, glucose, CRP, apoA1 and apoB (automatic biochemical analyzer, Roche). Finally, all women filled-in a questionnaire of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-IPAQ). Results Of the total sample, 60.2% had a positive family his-tory of CVD, 46.6% were smokers and 9.1% alcohol drink-ers. Physical activity, based on the IPAQ, was found to have a mixed impact on the traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, by affecting mainly the levels of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. There was no correlation found among physical activity, blood pressure and the rest of the studied biochemical parameters in women. Conclusions Increased physical activity can reduce the car-diometabolic risk and improve the lipid profile in Greek adult women. Our results indicated that regular physical activity of any kind is essential for fitness and health. All health care professionals are encouraged to inform, consult and motivate individuals to be active.
Bipolar II Postpartum Depression: Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Verinder Sharma, Vivien K. Burt, Hendrica L. Ritchie
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Research on postpartum mood disorders has focused primarily on major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, and puerperal psychosis and has largely ignored or neglected bipolar II disorder. Hypomanic symptoms are common after delivery but frequently unrecognized. DSM-IV does not consider early postpartum hypomania as a significant diagnostic feature. Although postpartum hypomania may not cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning, it is often associated with subsequent, often disabling depression. Preliminary evidence suggests that bipolar II depression arising in the postpartum period is often misdiagnosed as unipolar major depressive disorder. The consequences of the misdiagnosis can be particularly serious because of delayed initiation of appropriate treatment and the inappropriate prescription of antidepressants. Moreover, no pharmacological or psychotherapeutic studies of bipolar postpartum depression are available to guide clinical decision making. Also lacking are screening instruments designed specifically for use before or after delivery in women with suspected bipolar depression. It is recommended that the treatment of postpartum bipolar depression follow the same guidelines as the treatment of nonpuerperal bipolar II depression, using medications that are compatible with lactation.
Self-deceivers' intentions and possessions
Authors: Michael Losonsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Although Mele's four sufficient conditions for self-deception are on track insofar as they avoid the requirement that self-deception involves contradictory beliefs, they are too weak, because they are broad enough to include cases of bias or prejudice that are not typical cases of self-deception. I discuss what distinguishes self-deception from other forms of bias.
Early detection of melanoma: Reviewing the ABCDEs
Authors: Hensin Tsao, Jeannette M. Olazagasti, Kelly M. Cordoro, Jerry D. Brewer, Susan C. Taylor, Jeremy S. Bordeaux, Mary-Margaret Chren, Arthur J. Sober, Connie Tegeler, Reva Bhushan, Wendy Smith Begolka
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor Pretreatment on Resistance of Solid Tumors to Cytotoxic Drugs
Authors: F. Luciani, M. Spada, A. De Milito, A. Molinari, L. Rivoltini, A. Montinaro, M. Marra, L. Lugini, M. Logozzi, F. Lozupone, C. Federici, E. Iessi, G. Parmiani, G. Arancia, F. Belardelli, S. Fais
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Resistance to antitumor agents is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with cancer. Some mechanisms of tumor resistance to cytotoxic drugs may involve increased acidification of extracellular compartments. We investigated whether proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), currently used in the anti-acid treatment of peptic disease, could inhibit the acidification of the tumor microenvironment and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to cytotoxic agents. Methods: We pretreated cell lines derived from human melanomas, adenocarcinomas, and lymphomas with the PPIs omeprazole, esomeprazole, or pantoprazole and tested their response to cytotoxic drugs in cell death assays. We also evaluated extracellular and intracellular pH and vacuolar-H + -ATPase (V-H + -ATPase) expression, distribution, and activity in PPI-pretreated cells by using western blot analyses, immunocytochemistry, laser scanning confocal analysis, and bioluminescence assays. Finally, we evaluated human melanoma growth and cisplatin sensitivity with or without omeprazole pretreatment in xenografted SCID/SCID mice. Results: PPI pretreatment sensitized tumor cell lines to the effects of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and vinblastine, with an IC 50 value reduction up to 2 logs. PPI pretreatment was associated with the inhibition of V-H + -ATPase activity and increases in both extracellular pH and the pH of lysosomal organelles. PPI pretreatment induced a marked increase in the cytoplasmic retention of the cytotoxic drugs, with clear targeting to the nucleus in the case of doxorubicin. In in vivo experiments, oral pretreatment with omeprazole was able to induce sensitivity of human solid tumors to cisplatin. Conclusion: Our results open new possibilities for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors through combination strategies based on the use of well-tolerated pH modulators such as PPIs.
Impact of Tumor Progression on Cancer Incidence Curves
Authors: E. Georg Luebeck, Kit Curtius, Jihyoun Jeon, William D. Hazelton
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer arises through a multistage process, but it is not fully clear how this process influences the age-specific incidence curve. Studies of colorectal and pancreatic cancer using the multistage clonal expansion (MSCE) model have identified two phases of the incidence curves. One phase is linear, beginning about age of 60 years, suggesting that at least two rare rate-limiting mutations occur before clonal expansion of premalignant cells. A second phase is exponential, seen in early-onset cancers occurring before the age of 60 years that are associated with premalignant clonal expansion. Here, we extend the MSCE model to include clonal expansion of malignant cells, an advance that permits study of the effects of tumor growth and extinction on the incidence of colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and esophageal adenocarcinomas in the digestive tract. After adjusting the age-specific incidence for birth-cohort and calendar-year trends, we found that initiating mutations and premalignant cell kinetics can explain the primary features of the incidence curve. However, we also found that the incidence data of these cancers harbored information on the kinetics of malignant clonal expansion before clinical detection, including tumor growth rates and extinction probabilities on three characteristic time scales for tumor progression. In addition, the data harbored information on the mean sojourn times for premalignant clones until occurrence of either the first malignant cell or the first persistent (surviving) malignant clone. Finally, the data also harbored information on the mean sojourn time of persistent malignant clones to the time of diagnosis. In conclusion, cancer incidence curves can harbor significant information about hidden processes of tumor initiation, premalignant clonal expansion, and malignant transformation, and even some limited information on tumor growth before clinical detection. Cancer Res; 73(3); 1086–96. ©2012 AACR.
Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated) in Adults with Septic Shock
Authors: V. Marco Ranieri, B. Taylor Thompson, Philip S. Barie, Jean-François Dhainaut, Ivor S. Douglas, Simon Finfer, Bengt Gårdlund, John C. Marshall, Andrew Rhodes, Antonio Artigas, Didier Payen, Jyrki Tenhunen, Hussein R. Al-Khalidi, Vivian Thompson, Jonathan Janes, William L. Macias, Burkhard Vangerow, Mark D. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

There have been conflicting reports on the efficacy of recombinant human activated protein C, or drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA), for the treatment of patients with septic shock.
The metabolic checkpoint kinase mTOR is essential for IL-15 signaling during the development and activation of NK cells
Authors: Antoine Marçais, Julien Cherfils-Vicini, Charlotte Viant, Sophie Degouve, Sébastien Viel, Aurore Fenis, Jessica Rabilloud, Katia Mayol, Armelle Tavares, Jacques Bienvenu, Yann-Gaël Gangloff, Eric Gilson, Eric Vivier, Thierry Walzer
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Suppressing TGFβ Signaling in Regenerating Epithelia in an Inflammatory Microenvironment Is Sufficient to Cause Invasive Intestinal Cancer
Authors: Hiroko Oshima, Mizuho Nakayama, Tae-Su Han, Kuniko Naoi, Xiaoli Ju, Yusuke Maeda, Sylvie Robine, Kiichiro Tsuchiya, Toshiro Sato, Hiroshi Sato, Makoto Mark Taketo, Masanobu Oshima
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Genetic alterations in the TGFβ signaling pathway in combination with oncogenic alterations lead to cancer development in the intestines. However, the mechanisms of TGFβ signaling suppression in malignant progression of intestinal tumors have not yet been fully understood. We have examined ApcΔ716 Tgfbr2ΔIEC compound mutant mice that carry mutations in Apc and Tgfbr2 genes in the intestinal epithelial cells. We found inflammatory microenvironment only in the invasive intestinal adenocarcinomas but not in noninvasive benign polyps of the same mice. We thus treated simple Tgfbr2ΔIEC mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) that causes ulcerative colitis. Importantly, these Tgfbr2ΔIEC mice developed invasive colon cancer associated with chronic inflammation. We also found that TGFβ signaling is suppressed in human colitis–associated colon cancer cells. In the mouse invasive tumors, macrophages infiltrated and expressed MT1-MMP, causing MMP2 activation. These results suggest that inflammatory microenvironment contributes to submucosal invasion of TGFβ signaling–repressed epithelial cells through activation of MMP2. We further found that regeneration was impaired in Tgfbr2ΔIEC mice for intestinal mucosa damaged by DSS treatment or X-ray irradiation, resulting in the expansion of undifferentiated epithelial cell population. Moreover, organoids of intestinal epithelial cells cultured from irradiated Tgfbr2ΔIEC mice formed “long crypts” in Matrigel, suggesting acquisition of an invasive phenotype into the extracellular matrix. These results, taken together, indicate that a simple genetic alteration in the TGFβ signaling pathway in the inflamed and regenerating intestinal mucosa can cause invasive intestinal tumors. Such a mechanism may play a role in the colon carcinogenesis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Cancer Res; 75(4); 766–76. ©2015 AACR.
Increased levels of exhaled carbon monoxide in bronchiectasis: a new marker of oxidative stress
Authors: I Horvath, S Loukides, T Wodehouse, S A Kharitonov, P J Cole, P J Barnes
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory lung disease associated with increased production of oxidants due mostly to neutrophilic inflammation. Induction of heme oxygenase (HO-1) by reactive oxygen species is a general cytoprotective mechanism against oxidative stress. HO-1 catabolises heme to bilirubin, free iron and carbon monoxide (CO). Exhaled CO measurements may therefore reflect an oxidative stress and be clinically useful in the detection and management of inflammatory lung disorders. <h3>METHODS</h3> The levels of exhaled CO of 42 non-smoking patients with bronchiectasis treated or not treated with inhaled corticosteroids were compared with CO levels in 37 normal non-smoking subjects. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Levels of exhaled CO were raised in patients with bronchiectasis, both those treated with inhaled corticosteroids (n = 27, median 5.5 ppm, 95% CI 5.16 to 7.76) and those not treated with inhaled corticosteroids (n = 15, median 6.0 ppm, 95% CI 4.74 to 11.8), compared with normal subjects (n = 37, median 3.0 ppm, 95% CI 2.79 to 3.81, p = 0.0024). There was no correlation between exhaled CO and HbCO levels (<i>r</i> = 0.42, p = 0.12) in normal subjects (n = 7), nor between the urine cotinine concentration and exhaled CO levels (<i>r</i> = 0.2, p = 0.12). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Increased levels of exhaled CO may reflect induction of HO-1 and oxidative stress in bronchiectasis. Measurement of exhaled CO may be useful in the management of bronchiectasis and possibly other chronic inflammatory lung disorders.
Short-Term Oral Endothelin-Receptor Antagonist Therapy in Conventionally Treated Patients With Symptomatic Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Gabor Sütsch, Wolfgang Kiowski, Xiao-Wei Yan, Patrick Hunziker, Stefan Christen, Werner Strobel, Jong-Hun Kim, Peter Rickenbacher, Osmund Bertel
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is important for increased vascular tone in patients with chronic heart failure, but the effects of endothelin-receptor blockade in addition to conventional triple therapy are unknown.Thirty-six men (mean age+/-SD, 55+/-8 years) with symptomatic heart failure (NYHA class III; left ventricular ejection fraction, 22.4+/-4.5%) despite treatment with diuretics, digoxin, and ACE inhibitors received, in a double-blind and randomized fashion, either additional oral bosentan (1.0 g BID; n=24) or placebo (n=12) over 2 weeks. Hemodynamic and hormonal (plasma ET-1, norepinephrine, renin activity, and angiotensin II) measurements were obtained before and repeatedly for 24 hours after administration of bosentan on days 1 and 14. Bosentan was discontinued in 1 patient with symptomatic hypotension, and 2 patients (bosentan group) declined hemodynamic investigations on day 14. Compared with placebo, bosentan on day 1 significantly decreased mean arterial pressure (difference from baseline over 12 hours [95% CIs], -13.9% [-16.0% to -11.7%]), pulmonary artery mean (-12.9% [-17. 4% to -8.3%]) and capillary wedge (-14.5% [-20.5% to -8.5%]) pressures, and right atrial pressure (-20.2% [-29.4% to -11.0%]). Cardiac output increased (15.1% [10.7% to 19.7%]), but heart rate was unchanged. Both systemic (-24.2% [-28.1% to -20.3%]) and pulmonary (-19.9% [-28.4% to -11.4%]) vascular resistance were reduced. After 2 weeks, cardiac output had further increased (by 15. 2% [10.8% to 19.6%]) and systemic (-9.3% [-12.3% to -6.4%]) and pulmonary (-9.7% [-16.3% to -3.1%]) vascular resistances further decreased compared with day 1. Heart rate remained unchanged. Plasma ET-1 levels increased after bosentan, but baseline levels of the other hormones were unchanged.Additional short-term oral endothelin-receptor antagonist therapy improved systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in heart failure patients who were symptomatic with standard triple-drug therapy. Further investigations are warranted to characterize the effects of long-term endothelin-receptor antagonist therapy on symptoms, morbidity, and mortality in such patients.
The place of consciousness in the information processing approach: The mental-pool thought experiment
Authors: Sam S. Rakover
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Velmans (1991a; 1991b) proposed that consciousness plays a minor explanatory role in the information processing approach and that unconscious mechanisms process stimuli and responses and intervene between them. In contrast, the present commentary describes a thought experiment suggesting that, although input information is initially processed unconsciously, subsequent processing involves consciousness, and consciousness plays an important role in the explanation of behavior.
The elite marathon runner: problems during and after competition.
Authors: P Hölmich, E Darre, F Jahnsen, T Hartvig-Jensen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

Two questionnaires were given to the participants of the Danish national marathon championship to obtain information on health, training habits, previous injuries and the medical problems sustained during and after the competition. All 60 participants replied to both questionnaires. The elite runner is training between 90-150 km per week, using one daily training session. He is generally careful about stretching and warming up and down. Forty-three per cent of runners sustained injuries in the last year that prevented them from training, but only 3% needed to stay off work. The most common reasons for not completing the race were exhaustion and injuries to the lower extremities. Sixty-one per cent of the runners who did not drink at all refreshment stations dropped out, whereas only 27% of those who did dropped out. There was no difference in relation to results or medical problems between the group who used a special diet before the run and those who did not. The major medical problems were gastrointestinal disturbances, skin lesions and pain or cramps in the lower extremities. No serious injuries were reported.
P219 A Retrospective Analysis Of The Relationship Between Ebus-tbna Diagnostic Utility And Lung Cancer Stage
Authors: C. Marchand, A. Medford
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an important minimally invasive technique in lung cancer staging and diagnosis. <h3>Aim</h3> A retrospective analysis of EBUS-TBNA performance in patients with suspected malignancy referred between November 2009 and December 2013 to a UK tertiary EBUS centre. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed consecutive EBUS-TBNA cases with CT/PET positive mediastinal/hilar nodes detected in suspected malignancy. EBUS-TBNA was performed as previously documented [Medford A. <i>et al</i>. QJM 2009; 102:859–864]. No rapid on-site cytology was available. <h3>Results</h3> 186 patients with suspected malignancy (intra/extrathoracic and lymphoproliferative) were referred for EBUS-TBNA. Mean age was 66(31–87) with a 3:2 male:female ratio. In this group the sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA was 95.5%, accuracy 96.2% and negative predictive value (NPV) 80.6%. The prevalence of malignancy was 84.4%. 159 patients (85%) were referred with suspected lung cancer. In this group the sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA was 94.7%, accuracy 95.6% and NPV 78.8%. The prevalence of lung cancer was 83.6%. The performance of EBUS-TBNA by lung cancer stage was also analysed, (See Table). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study shows high EBUS-TBNA diagnostic accuracy for all lung cancer stages. The NPV may have been reduced by the high prevalence of lung cancer in our cohort. The majority of EBUS-TBNA procedures were performed for radiological stage III-IV disease where confirmation of disease would select those suitable for palliative rather than radical treatment.
744 TENOFOVIR DF (TDF) IS SAFE AND WELL TOLERATED IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) PATIENTS WITH PRE-EXISTING MILD RENAL IMPAIRMENT
Authors: S. Fung, P. Kwan, A. Horban, M. Pelemis, P. Husa, H.W. Hann, J. Flaherty, B. Massetto, P. Dinh, J. Custodio, G.M. Subramanian, M. Fabri, E. Gane
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Gamma Paleohexaploidy in the Stem Lineage of Core Eudicots: Significance for MADS-Box Gene and Species Diversification
Authors: Dries Vekemans, Sebastian Proost, Kevin Vanneste, Heleen Coenen, Tom Viaene, Philip Ruelens, Steven Maere, Yves Van de Peer, Koen Geuten
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Comparative genome biology has unveiled the polyploid origin of all angiosperms and the role of recurrent polyploidization in the amplification of gene families and the structuring of genomes. Which species share certain ancient polyploidy events, and which do not, is ill defined because of the limited number of sequenced genomes and transcriptomes and their uneven phylogenetic distribution. Previously, it has been suggested that most, but probably not all, of the eudicots have shared an ancient hexaploidy event, referred to as the gamma triplication. In this study, detailed phylogenies of subfamilies of MADS-box genes suggest that the gamma triplication has occurred before the divergence of Gunnerales but after the divergence of Buxales and Trochodendrales. Large-scale phylogenetic and KS-based approaches on the inflorescence transcriptomes of Gunnera manicata (Gunnerales) and Pachysandra terminalis (Buxales) provide further support for this placement, enabling us to position the gamma triplication in the stem lineage of the core eudicots. This triplication likely initiated the functional diversification of key regulators of reproductive development in the core eudicots, comprising 75% of flowering plants. Although it is possible that the gamma event triggered early core eudicot diversification, our dating estimates suggest that the event occurred early in the stem lineage, well before the rapid speciation of the earliest core eudicot lineages. The evolutionary significance of this paleopolyploidy event may thus rather lie in establishing a species lineage that was resilient to extinction, but with the genomic potential for later diversification. We consider that the traits generated from this potential characterize extant core eudicots both chemically and morphologically.