tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrioventricular Block With 2:1 Conduction
Authors: Adam Elkin, Nora Goldschlager
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Influencing the Attitudes of Medical Students Toward Diabetes: Results of a controlled study
Authors: Robert M Anderson, Michael B Donnelly, Daniel W Gorenflo, Martha M Funnell, Kent J Sheets
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To determine the effect of two educational interventions on the diabetes-related attitudes of medical students.We studied 67 junior and senior medical students who were participating in the University of Michigan Medical School's Family Practice elective clerkship. Students were assigned to one of two interventions. The first was a 1-wk living-with-diabetes behavioral simulation that involved injections, blood glucose monitoring, diet, exercise, and record keeping. The second intervention involved reading an autobiography about living with diabetes and viewing a videotape about the psychosocial impact of diabetes.No differential impact was found between the two interventions. However, both interventions were followed by a modest positive change in the attitudes of the medical students (which were very positive to begin with) toward the importance of patient autonomy and the value of the team approach to diabetes care. The attitude gains persisted at follow-up for patient autonomy but returned to baseline for team care.This study suggests that these two educational interventions resulted in modest increases in the already positive attitudes of medical students toward the importance of patient autonomy and team care in diabetes. However, because the study did not include a group that received no treatment, we cannot be certain on this point. The attitude gain related to team care did not persist at follow-up. These findings are consistent with classical attitude research, which suggests that attitudes are sensitive to influences such as these interventions, but that attitude changes may not persist when those influences are changed or withdrawn. We were not able to find a differential impact between the two interventions and suspect that the general nature of the DAS used as the dependent measure may not have been sensitive enough to capture such a differential impact.
The Effect of Dexrazoxane on Myocardial Injury in Doxorubicin-Treated Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Steven E. Lipshultz, Nader Rifai, Virginia M. Dalton, Donna E. Levy, Lewis B. Silverman, Stuart R. Lipsitz, Steven D. Colan, Barbara L. Asselin, Ronald D. Barr, Luis A. Clavell, Craig A. Hurwitz, Albert Moghrabi, Yvan Samson, Marshall A. Schorin, Richard D. Gelber, Stephen E. Sallan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Doxorubicin chemotherapy is very effective in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but also injures myocardial cells. Dexrazoxane, a free-radical scavenger, may protect the heart from doxorubicin-associated damage.To determine whether dexrazoxane decreases doxorubicin-associated injury of cardiomyocytes, we randomly assigned 101 children with ALL to receive doxorubicin alone (30 mg per square meter of body-surface area every three weeks for 10 doses) and 105 to receive dexrazoxane (300 mg per square meter) followed immediately by doxorubicin. Serial measurements of serum cardiac troponin T were obtained in 76 of 101 patients in the doxorubicin group and 82 of 105 patients in the group given dexrazoxane and doxorubicin. A total of 2377 serum samples (mean, 15.1 samples per patient) were obtained before, during, and after treatment with doxorubicin. Troponin T levels were evaluated in a blinded fashion to determine whether they were elevated (>0.01 ng per milliliter)--the primary end point--or extremely elevated (>0.025 ng per milliliter).Elevations of troponin T occurred in 35 percent of the patients (55 of 158). Patients treated with doxorubicin alone were more likely than those who received dexrazoxane and doxorubicin to have elevated troponin T levels (50 percent vs. 21 percent, P<0.001) and extremely elevated troponin T levels (32 percent vs. 10 percent, P<0.001). The median follow-up was 2.7 years. The rate of event-free survival at 2.5 years was 83 percent in both groups (P=0.87 by the log-rank test).Dexrazoxane prevents or reduces cardiac injury, as reflected by elevations in troponin T, that is associated with the use of doxorubicin for childhood ALL without compromising the antileukemic efficacy of doxorubicin. Longer follow-up will be necessary to determine the influence of dexrazoxane on echocardiographic findings at four years and on event-free survival.
722 OBESITY-INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE HYPERRESPONSIVE- NESS TO CHEMOKINES: A NEW MECHANISM OF FATTY LIVER INFLAMMATION IN OBESE MICE
Authors: A. Bigorgne, A.-M. Cassard-Doulcier, L. Bouchet-Delbos, S. Naveau, I. Dagher, S. Prévot, I. Durand-Gasselin, J. Couderc, P. Valet, D. Emilie, G. Perlemuter
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Holistic Health or Holistic Hoax?
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Holistic health, a term increasingly bandied about with reserve or reverence depending on one's perspective, is an uncharted or at least fuzzy area for many physicians. Its proponents, a curious axis of faith healers, chiropractors, clergymen, and PhDs, along with MDs, RNs, DOs, and others without visible signs of qualifications, preach a message as old as the Bible and as American as apple pie: personal growth through self-actualization and maximum functioning of mind, body, and spirit. Their methods of achieving such laudable goals run the full gamut from laying on of hands and kinesiology through internal purging or external application of castor oil, to meditation, unusual diets, and some of the most recent scientific developments, including biofeedback. Holistic practitioners profess to treat the whole person, not simply disease. They claim traditional Western or scientific medicine is too disease oriented and splits mind from body. They not only integrate both but
Whole genome RNA expression profiling of endoscopic biliary brushings provides data suitable for biomarker discovery in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Michael H. Chapman, Robert Tidswell, James S. Dooley, Neomal S. Sandanayake, Virginie Cerec, Maesha Deheragoda, Alvin J.X. Lee, Charles Swanton, Fausto Andreola, Stephen P. Pereira
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Adverse drug reactions result in 250 000 UK admissions a year
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More than a quarter of a million patients are admitted to hospital in the United Kingdom because of harmful effects after taking drugs, a BMA report estimates this week.

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The report cites research from 2004 suggesting that these cases cost the NHS around £466m (€680m; $870m) a year.

The research, by Munir Pirmohamed and colleagues at the University of Liverpool, was based on an analysis of 18 820 admissions to hospital over six months, which found that 1225 were related to an adverse drug reaction ( BMJ 2004;329: 15-9). Aspirin, diuretics, warfarin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs …

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Democrats Drop Universal Coverage
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

ALTHOUGH JOURNALISTS covering the 1996 Democratic Convention in August complained about lack of news, the convention did make history in at least one noteworthy way: For the first time since the Truman administration, the Democratic Party is not calling for universal health care coverage. While the Democrats adopted their national platform and renominated President Bill Clinton, Physicians for a National Health Program held a 96-hour-long vigil outside the Chicago, Ill, convention to protest what it says is the Democrats' "ominous retreat" from the party's nearly half-century-long commitment to provide the nation with universal health insurance. Unlike 12 consecutive party platforms before it, the 1996 Democratic National Platform does not list universal health care coverage as a goal. Instead, it only says that Democrats "must take further steps to ensure that Americans have access to quality, affordable health care," and that they "should start by making sure that people get help
<i>The Significance of the Physical Constitution in Mental Disease.</i>By F. I. Wertheimer, M. D., Associate in Psychiatry, Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Florence E. Hesketh, Charlton Fellow in Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital; with a preface by Lewellys F. Barker, M. D. Medical Monographs X. (<i>Baltimore: The Williams &amp; Wilkins Company, 1926.</i>)
Authors: H. A. Bunker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1927)
Streptococcal pharyngitis. Placebo-controlled double-blind evaluation of clinical response to penicillin therapy
Authors: M. S. Krober
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Forty-four children with a clinical diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis had throat cultures performed at the initial evaluation and were assigned by randomization to receive either oral penicillin or a placebo for 72 hours. The treating physician, who remained blind to the treatment regimen, recorded the child's temperature and assessed the presence and severity of other signs and symptoms initially and at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The throat culture was positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in 26 (59%) of the initial study group, and most of these children developed a fourfold or greater titer rise in antistreptococcal antibodies in their serum, confirming the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. Statistically significant clinical improvement was observed in the group of 11 children who were later shown to have been taking penicillin compared with the group of 15 who had taken the placebo. Significant differences in the presence and degree of fever and severity of symptoms persisted in the placebo-treated group for 48 hours. We conclude that early penicillin treatment of children with streptococcal pharyngitis significantly alters the acute clinical course of the disease.
TCT-351 The Obesity Paradox in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Sirolimus-eluting Stent: Comparison of De Novo and In-stent Restenosis Lesions
Authors: Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Kazushige Kadota, Yusuke Hyodo, Koshi Miyake, Haruki Eguchi, Yuki Hayakawa, Naoki Saito, Hideaki Otsuji, Suguru Otsuru, Daiji Hasegawa, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Naoki Oka, Harumi Katoh, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Toxic Shock Syndrome in Oregon
Authors: STEVEN D. HELGERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

To ascertain the risk factors associated with toxic shock syndrome in Oregon a retrospective questionnaire was given to 18 patients (cases) and to two sets of age- and sex-matched controls. One set of controls consisted of friends (friend-controls) chosen by each patient. The second set of controls was selected from women attending a family planning clinic (clinic-controls). Patients were more likely to have used Rely (Procter & Gamble) tampons than friend-controls who were tampon users (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between cases and friend-controls with respect to birth control methods. There were no significant differences between cases and controls for history of sexually transmitted diseases or vaginal infection, frequently of intercourse, intercourse during menstruation, or frequency of tampon change.
New dosing schedules of dasatinib for CML and adverse event management
Authors: Siu-Fun Wong
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Resistance to imatinib in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) has emerged as a significant clinical issue. Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has 325-fold greater in vitro activity against native BCR-ABL (breakpoint cluster region-Abelson leukemia virus) compared with imatinib and can overcome primary (intrinsic) and secondary (acquired) imatinib resistance. Here, we review the clinical profile of dasatinib in imatinib-resistant and -intolerant patients and share clinical approaches for managing adverse events (AEs) to ensure maximum patient benefit. References were obtained through literature searches on PubMed as well as from the Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American Society of Hematology, and European Hematology Association. Phase II and III studies of dasatinib in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML in any phase or Ph+ ALL were selected for discussion. Dasatinib is currently indicated for the treatment of patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML or Ph+ ALL. AEs associated with dasatinib are typically mild to moderate, and are usually resolved with temporary treatment interruption and/or dose adjustments. A Phase III dose optimization study showed that in patients with chronic phase (CP) CML, 100 mg once-daily dasatinib improves the safety profile, particularly pleural effusion and thrombocytopenia, while maintaining efficacy compared with the previously recommended dose of 70 mg twice-daily. Dasatinib has a manageable safety profile. For patients with CP CML, a new recommended starting dose of 100 mg once daily has recently been approved. The recommended dose for patients with advanced CML or Ph+ ALL remains 70 mg twice daily.
Mechanisms of gas exchange abnormality in patients with chronic obliterative pulmonary vascular disease.
Authors: D R Dantzker, J S Bower
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We have examined the mechanisms of abnormal gas exchange in seven patients with chronic obliteration of the pulmonary vascular bed secondary to recurrent pulmonary emboli or idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. All of the patients had a widened alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and four were significantly hypoxemic with arterial partial presssures of oxygen less than 80 torr. Using the technique of multiple inert gas elimination, we found that ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) relationships were only minimally abnormal with a mean of 10% (range, 2--19%) of cardiac output perfusing abnormal units. These units consisted of shunt and units with VA/Q ratios less than 0.1. In addition, the dead space was found to be normal in each patient. There was no evidence for diffusion impairment, and the widened alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was completely explained by VA/ inequality. Significant hypoxemia occurred only when VA/Q inequality was combined with a low mixed venous oxygen content.
Altered neuregulin 1–erbB4 signaling contributes to NMDA&gt; receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia
Authors: Chang-Gyu Hahn, Hoau-Yan Wang, Dan-Sung Cho, Konrad Talbot, Raquel E Gur, Wade H Berrettini, Kalindi Bakshi, Joshua Kamins, Karin E Borgmann-Winter, Steven J Siegel, Robert J Gallop, Steven E Arnold
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Determination of platinum, palladium, and lead in biological samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Authors: J B Tillery, D E Johnson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

A flameless atomic absorption method for the coextraction of platinum and palladium from biological and environmental samples by high molecular weight amine (HMWA) is given. Also, methods for lead determination in biological samples by use of extraction flameless analysis and direct aspiration-flame analysis are reported. A study of lead contamination of Vacutainer tubes is given.
Ambient Ozone Concentrations and the Risk of Perforated and Nonperforated Appendicitis: A Multicity Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Gilaad G. Kaplan, Divine Tanyingoh, Elijah Dixon, Markey Johnson, Amanda J. Wheeler, Robert P. Myers, Stefania Bertazzon, Vineet Saini, Karen Madsen, Subrata Ghosh, Paul J. Villeneuve
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Environmental determinants of appendicitis are poorly understood. Past work suggests that air pollution may increase the risk of appendicitis.Objectives: We investigated whether ambient ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations were associated with appendicitis and whether these associations varied between perforated and nonperforated appendicitis.Methods: We based this time-stratified case-crossover study on 35,811 patients hospitalized with appendicitis from 2004 to 2008 in 12 Canadian cities. Data from a national network of fixed-site monitors were used to calculate daily maximum O3 concentrations for each city. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate city-specific odds ratios (ORs) relative to an interquartile range (IQR) increase in O3 adjusted for temperature and relative humidity. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to derive a pooled risk estimate. Stratified analyses were used to estimate associations separately for perforated and nonperforated appendicitis.Results: Overall, a 16-ppb increase in the 7-day cumulative average daily maximum O3 concentration was associated with all appendicitis cases across the 12 cities (pooled OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13). The association was stronger among patients presenting with perforated appendicitis for the 7-day average (pooled OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.36) when compared with the corresponding estimate for nonperforated appendicitis [7-day average (pooled OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.09)]. Heterogeneity was not statistically significant across cities for either perforated or nonperforated appendicitis (p > 0.20).Conclusions: Higher levels of ambient O3 exposure may increase the risk of perforated appendicitis.
Statistical Methods for Linking Health, Exposure, and Hazards
Authors: Frances Jean Mather, LuAnn Ellis White, Elizabeth Cullen Langlois, Charles Franklin Shorter, Christopher Martin Swalm, Jeffrey George Shaffer, William Ralph Hartley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (EPHTN) proposes to link environmental hazards and exposures to health outcomes. Statistical methods used in case-control and cohort studies to link health outcomes to individual exposure estimates are well developed. However, reliable exposure estimates for many contaminants are not available at the individual level. In these cases, exposure/hazard data are often aggregated over a geographic area, and ecologic models are used to relate health outcome and exposure/hazard. Ecologic models are not without limitations in interpretation. EPHTN data are characteristic of much information currently being collected--they are multivariate, with many predictors and response variables, often aggregated over geographic regions (small and large) and correlated in space and/or time. The methods to model trends in space and time, handle correlation structures in the data, estimate effects, test hypotheses, and predict future outcomes are relatively new and without extensive application in environmental public health. In this article we outline a tiered approach to data analysis for EPHTN and review the use of standard methods for relating exposure/hazards, disease mapping and clustering techniques, Bayesian approaches, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for estimation of posterior parameters, and geostatistical methods. The advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed.
Obstetric Fistula in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Andrew Browning
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2004)

In this perspective, Andrew Browning of the Fistula Hospital in Addis Ababa discusses a study on obstetric fistula in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study was originally published in the West African Journal of Medicine [1]. With the journal's permission, we have made a PDF of the full-text article freely available on our website (see Text S1).
THE DIAGNOSIS OF FRONTAL TUMOURS
Authors: J. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Those of us who had to deal with malaria during the late war fouLnid a similar difficultv before us.But it was sooIn apparent to us all that, although we could treat primary malaria successfully by massive doses of quiinine, such treatment was useless, if not harmful, in tlhe chronic infections.Smaller doses were more efficacious.Syplhilitic heart disease is of the chronic type.Another consideration should also be borne in mind.It is well known that the administration of tube3rculin in large doses to a patient suffering from phthisis may pro- duce both a general reaction anrd a local one at the site of the focus.A similar reaction may occur in syplhilis if large doses of the arsenical preparations are adminis- tered (Jarisch-Herxheimor reaction).19The general opiinion is that this is due to the sudden liberation of toxinis from the bodies of the organisms that are destroyed.But, whatever tlhe cause, it is obviously hazardous to expose a patient w-ith, possibly, a narrowved coronlary orifice to the danger of a local reaction and the complete obstruction of the artery.If arsenic is used in sulch cases it should only be subsequent to a course of mercury and iodide, anid in moderate doses.We lhave tlhus contintied to treat cases of cardiac syphilis along the usual lines, with moderate doses of mercury an(d iodide, etc., over long periods of time.Small doses of kharsivan, or ineokharsivan, are sometimes uisefull, as are Donovaan's solution, the green iodide of miiercurv, arsenic iodide, anid potassium iodide.The results wlhicll we have observed hiave sometimes been extremely satisfactory.We must always remember, however, that thc truc treatmenit of cardiac syphilis is prcventivc, the successful treatmenit of the primary illness, and that cardiac syplhilis is tile resuilt of error, on the part of the patient or his medical adcviser.
ETHYLENE AND ACETYLENE AS ANESTHETICS
Authors: Charles N. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the editorial on the use of ethylene and acetylene as general anesthetics (The Journal, May 12), mention is made of the early works of Lewin, Rosemann and others, who reported marked anesthetic effects obtained by using acetylene on animals. It would be well to point out, however, that these men were working with impure acetylene from crude carbid, which now is known to contain poisonous impurities, particularly phosphin and hydrogen sulphid. In fact, Chuard (<i>Bull. Soc. chim.</i>17:678, 1897) attributes its effectiveness as an insecticide in certain cases to the phosphin it contains. In view of these facts, we cannot look on the work of these men as a reliable test of acetylene as an anesthetic. For some months, work has been carried on in the laboratories of physiologic chemistry at the Kansas State Agricultural College on the effects of purified acetylene as a general anesthetic