tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal Disease in Hypertensive Blacks: MRFIT-Reply
Authors: James D. Neaton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —This study provided a clear answer to the two questions prompting the study: It showed that one in 20 MRFIT participants with mild to moderate hypertension (DBP, 90 to 115 mm Hg) lost renal function at a rate placing them at substantial risk for the development of end-stage renal disease; furthermore, treatment that reduced diastolic pressure lower than 95 mm Hg removed this risk. The identification of risk associated with this hypertensive group and the recognition that the risk appears to be removed by adequate treatment are findings with important implications for prevention of hypertension-related end-stage renal disease.<sup>1</sup> Failure to demonstrate benefit from treatment among blacks is a finding of concern and importance. The numbers of blacks in this group were not small compared with data previously available,<sup>2</sup>and the findings cited above persisted after controlling for possibly confounding factors. Differences in mean reciprocal creatinine slope
Inherited Characters in Twins
Authors: S. Godfrey
Journal: BMJ (1964)

1~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL uterine haemorrhage in several instances of chorioncarcinoma.Toxic effects with this form of treatment are usually slight or absent, and it lacks the finality of hysterectomy on the patient's child-bearing capacity.The risks and unpleasantness of systemic chemotherapy are not to be underestimated, but when it offers a substantial expectation of cure and of further normal pregnancies it would be unfortunate if serious delays in its application result from any impression that it is a fate wores than death.-Iam, etc.,
Crime, Law and Corrections
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

When Adolf Eichmann was imprisoned in Israel, I. S. Kulcsar, a psychiatrist, interviewed him seven times and carried out psychological tests which were later interpreted by Shoshanna Kulcsar and Lipot Szondi (inventor of the Szondi test). These three have collaborated in an extremely interesting study of Eichmann's personality, which is the first essay in this volume. Unfortunately, the other papers in this huge book are not equal to the first in either interest or importance. Many distinguished psychiatrists, lawyers, psychologists, and penologists contributed essays, but most of these are summaries or repetitions of what has been said before. Despite some difference of opinion as to the relationship of psychiatric disorder to crime, most of the authors share common viewpoints. They agree that criminals usually have personality problems rather than actual psychoses or neuroses, that we need better methods of correction but that it is futile to attempt to cure crime
Pregnancy and early onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis
Authors: E. Musiej-Nowakowska, R. Ploski
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To study interaction of early onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis (EOP-JCA) and pregnancy in the Polish population, in particular to confirm the ameliorating effect of pregnancy on disease activity reported by others and to analyse the factors that govern the occurrence of postpartum flare, with emphasis on the potential role of breast feeding. <h3>METHODS</h3> The reproductive outcome and disease status in 39 adult women with history of EOP- JCA was examined by means of a questionnaire and an interview. In all patients the disease onset occurred before the 6th birthday, 19 had persistent pauciarticular JCA (PeEOP-JCA) and 20 had extended pauciarticular JCA (ExEOP-JCA). <h3>RESULTS</h3> 23 women had at least one successful pregnancy, seven had unsuccessful pregnancies but all of them had also one or more successful pregnancies. Among those who have never been pregnant (n=16) there was a higher frequency of eye disease and ExEOP-JCA compared with the rest of the group. In almost all cases pregnancy was associated with remission of disease activity, however a postpartum flare appeared after 22 pregnancies (52%). The flares were more frequent in women who had an active disease before pregnancy, had a flare after a previous pregnancy and/or were breast feeding. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In EOP-JCA patients pregnancy generally has a good outcome and induces amelioration of disease activity. After delivery, however, a flare of disease often appears, especially in women who were breast feeding, had a postparum flare previously or had an active disease before pregnancy. The pattern of interaction between disease and pregnancy found in EOP-JCA makes EOP-JCA similar in this respect to RA, but different from systemic lupus erythematosus and ankylosing spondylitis.
Sheila Mary Gray
Authors: J. D. Steven
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Objective.</h3> To assess the effect of golimumab (human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-α) plus methotrexate (MTX) on selected inflammatory biomarkers, and to determine if these effects predict clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods.</h3> Sera from adults with active RA despite MTX therapy, who received subcutaneous injections of placebo + MTX (MTX alone, n = 34) or golimumab 50 or 100 mg every 2 or 4 weeks + MTX (n = 137), were analyzed for levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin 18 (IL-18), E-selectin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). <h3>Results.</h3> Golimumab + MTX treatment significantly decreased serum CRP, SAA, IL-18, E-selectin, TIMP-1, and MMP-9 levels (median percent changes of −4.1% to −74.3% across treatment groups) versus MTX alone (−5.8% to 9.7%) when first measured at Week 4; decreases were sustained through Week 16. Larger magnitudes of decrease in all biomarkers were observed for clinical responders versus nonresponders. For golimumab + MTX, regression analyses including all biomarkers and select clinical measures showed that reductions in levels of several markers (SAA, E-selectin, MMP-9) as early as Week 4 correlated significantly with improvement in swollen joint count (SJC) at Week 16, as did reductions in E-selectin with improvement in tender joint count at Week 16. After accounting for the biomarkers, however, treatment group was no longer significant for SJC. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> Significant decreases in several inflammatory biomarkers were associated with golimumab + MTX therapy. Decreases in serum levels of SAA, E-selectin, and MMP-9 at Week 4 may be useful in predicting clinical response at Week 16.
Closing the Communication Gap
Authors: Stewart Wolf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A joint resolution passed by the 90th Congress and signed into law by the President on August 3, 1968, established the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications. Operating as a part of the National Library of Medicine, the Center is charged with developing a "national network for knowledge" to reach educators, practitioners and researchers in the biomedical field.The "knowledge explosion" in medicine and related sciences has offered a challenge to the present-day educational process that medical schools are hardly equipped to meet. At a time when the shortage of physicians has created an urgent need for educational efficiency, . . .
Low-nicotine cirgarettes and health.
Authors: F Schmidt
Journal: BMJ (1976)

respiratory arrest and died.No additional informa- tion was obtained at post-mortem examination.Presumably in our patient the normal blood loss from the corpus luteum was magnified by anticoagulation.Menorrhagia and irregular prolonged menstrual cycles are common in renal failure, but some of these cycles are ovulatory.1Often an oral contraceptive agent is advised to reduce the menstrual blood loss in these patients, who are already anaemic.A more simple approach would be to use medroxyprogesterone 150 mg intramuscularly three-monthly.This would prevent ovulation and conception and would perhaps abolish menstruation.There may therefore be a place for the regular use of a long-acting progester- one in some menstruating women being treated by chronic haemodialysis.
Carotid endarterectomy--the evidence
Authors: J. J Earnshaw
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The aim of carotid endarterectomy is to reduce the risk of stroke and death in patients with carotid artery disease. The benefit to society of surgeons undertaking this operation lies in the balance between the risks of the natural history of the carotid disease and the risks of the surgical treatment. Carotid endarterectomy is probably the vascular surgical procedure with the most scientific evidence in its favour.

In this article the reliability of evidence is graded A-C according to the classification in Box 1.

The natural history of carotid disease is quite different for patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid arterial stenoses. Symptomatic stenoses include those causing transient ischaemic attack and amaurosis fugax. Also included are patients who have had a previous completed stroke. Asymptomatic patients may have a significant carotid stenosis found incidentally, they may have a moderate stenosis that progresses on duplex follow-up, or finally they may have a stenosis identified as part of a routine preoperative work-up before major surgery such as coronary artery bypass grafting.
P1 OSCILLATING PRESSURE CONDITIONS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE RAT AND PIG LIVER DECELLULARIZATION
Authors: B. Struecker, A. Butter, K. Hillebrandt, R. Voitl, D. Polenz, A. Reutzel-Selke, K. Jöhrens, D. Geisel, N. Raschzok, P. Neuhaus, I.M. Sauer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Effects of dibutyl phthalate as an environmental endocrine disruptor on gonadal sex differentiation of genetic males of the frog Rana rugosa.
Authors: H Ohtani, I Miura, Y Ichikawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

To examine the effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on gonadal sex differentiation, genetically male tadpoles of Rana rugosa were exposed to dilute solutions of DBP at concentrations of 0.1, 1, or 10 microM during days 19-23 after fertilization, which is the critical period of gonadal sex differentiation in R. rugosa. Tadpoles were necropsied on day 40. The genetically male tadpoles were produced from crossings between males (ZZ) of one local population, in which females are the heterogametic sex, and females (XX) of another local population, in which males are the heterogametic sex. As positive control groups, tadpoles were exposed to dilute solutions of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) at concentrations of 0. 01, 0.1, or 1 microM during the same period. The internal structure of the gonads was histologically examined in a total of 30 control tadpoles, 86 E(2)-treated tadpoles, and 90 DBP-treated tadpoles. The gonads of the control tadpoles all showed the typical structure of testes. In contrast, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 microM E(2) treatments caused the undifferentiated gonads of 18, 63, and 100% of the tadpoles, respectively, to develop into gonads of complete or partial ovarian structure. After 0.1, 1, and 10 microM DBP treatment, 0, 7, and 17% of tadpoles, respectively, were similarly affected. These findings suggest that DBP was about 1,000-fold less potent than E(2). Nevertheless, DBP is an environmentally dangerous hormone that disrupts the pathways of testicular differentiation in genetically male animals.
Websites violate US laws banning treatment claims
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Many websites with information on herbal remedies routinely violate the 1994 US law restricting manufacturers of supplements from making any claims for disease prevention, treatment, or cure.

At the annual meeting of the American Academy of Family Physicians in Atlanta, Georgia, earlier this month, Dr Robert Bonakdar of the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine in La Jolla, California, presented the results of a study about non-compliance with the Dietary Supplement …
When "Noninvasive" Means "Invasive"
Authors: DAVID H. SPODICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980When "Noninvasive" Means "Invasive"DAVID H. SPODICK, M.D., D.SC.DAVID H. SPODICK, M.D., D.SC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-722_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their excellent review "Noninvasive Assessment of Myocardial Function," Shine and associates(1) present a superb account of the state-of-the-art in echocardiography and radionuclide angiocardiography. Yet do radionuclide studies really qualify as noninvasive? I think the designation "noninvasive" should mean exactly what it says, that is, that the body is not penetrated in any way. Intravenous injection of radionuclide material is in and of itself invasive. Moreover, the rays emitted by the isotopes are also clearly a form of penetration, although "in reverse." (One might make the same rigid definition with regard to the ultrasound beam, too, but...References1. SHINE K, PERLOFF J, CHILD J, MARSHALL R, and SCHELBERT H. Noninvasive assessment of myocardial function. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:78-90. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SPODICK D. Vogue words—ectopic language. JAMA. 1978;240:2439-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID H. SPODICK, M.D., D.SC. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBuzz Words and Buzz Procedures 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 722-722KeywordsAngiocardiographyEchocardiographyIntravenous injectionsUltrasound imaging ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Israel accused of ignoring psychiatric problems in Palestinian prisoners
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1997)

An Israeli psychiatrist maintains that some Palestinians charged with terrorist or other violent acts have been imprisoned when they were mentally ill and medically unfit to stand trial. Government psychiatrists had said the men were fit to stand trial, calling them malingerers or claiming that they suffered from simple anxiety due to their detention.

The chairman of the Association of Israeli-Palestinian Physicians for Human Rights, Dr Ruchama Marton, has called on the Israeli Medical Association to hold an inquiry into the diagnosis and treatment of mentally ill Palestinian detainees. In an open letter to the association she says: “Palestinian detainees …
Medical implications of the Taser
Authors: J. Payne-James, B. Sheridan, G. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Several tactical options are available to police officers facing potentially aggressive or violent people or those with acute behavioural disturbance. The less lethal options include restraint, batons, incapacitant sprays, impact rounds, and conducted energy devices such as Tasers. Although none is risk free, Tasers have attracted particular controversy, with Amnesty International identifying more than 300 deaths associated with their use in the United States. However, association is not causation, and other factors complicate the interpretation of fatal outcomes. Recommendations for research into the risks of conducted energy devices -- reporting of all incidents when the device is used and of all incidents with health consequences -- are made. Language: en
VASECTOMY FOR THE PREVENTION OF OPERATIVE EPIDIDYMITIS
Authors: William T. Belfield
Journal: JAMA (1928)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —This measure has attained general approval as a preliminary to prostatectomy; its success proves the assumption that such infection of the epididymis is an extension from a prior infection of the corresponding seminal vesicle. Now this vesiculitis is of course not abolished by occlusion of the vas; its persistence may cause frequent and painful urination—a veritable "prostatisme sans prostate"; and such toxemia as has at times compelled urologists, e. g., Thomson-Walker—to remove the vesicles subsequent to prostatectomy. Such toxemia may be an unrecognized factor in some operative deaths. Now the minor operative procedure necessary to occlude the vas, whether vasectomy or vas ligation, permits the injection of mercurochrome or other solution through the vas into the vesicles. Here it remains for days, being gradually pumped into the prostatic urethra and bladder, as the coloring of the urine shows. This measure goes far toward averting not only epididymitis
RISK FACTORS FOR BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PCI WITH ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY WITH BIVALIRUDIN IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. RESULTS FROM THE IMPROVER-REGISTRY.
Authors: Uwe Zeymer, Steffen Schneider, Harald Darius, Dietrich Gulba, Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE STEGOMYIA AND FOMITES.
Authors: STANFORD E. CHAILLE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

As a student since 1851 of yellow fever, especially of its causation and prevention; and as a citizen of New Orleans, who has shared its blighted prosperity and its grief, greater, because of this disease, than has afflicted any other place in our country, I deem it my first duty to express most profound and grateful appreciation of those who have, since 1900, contributed facts of incalculable value for prevention and for commerce. The notable experiments of Dr. Walter Reed and his assistants, Drs. James Carroll and A. Agramonte—added to and strengthened by the researches and labors of Drs. Carlos J. Finlay and John Guiteras, of Drs. W. C. Gorgas, John W. Ross, H. R. Carter and probably others—and rendered possible by the official encouragement and aid of Surgeon-General Sternberg, U. S. A., and of Governor-General Wood, M.D., have contributed to our knowledge of yellow fever facts that I hope
A Gain-of-Function Mutation in the<i>HIF2A</i>Gene in Familial Erythrocytosis
Authors: Melanie J. Percy, Paul W. Furlow, Guy S. Lucas, Xiping Li, Terence R.J. Lappin, Mary Frances McMullin, Frank S. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha, which has three isoforms, is central to the continuous balancing of the supply and demand of oxygen throughout the body. HIF-alpha is a transcription factor that modulates a wide range of processes, including erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and cellular metabolism. We describe a family with erythrocytosis and a mutation in the HIF2A gene, which encodes the HIF-2alpha protein. Our functional studies indicate that this mutation leads to stabilization of the HIF-2alpha protein and suggest that wild-type HIF-2alpha regulates erythropoietin production in adults.
Improvement of Hepatic Lesion Characterization by 18F-FDG PET/CT with the Use of the Lesion to Background Liver Activity Ratio
Authors: Prashant Jolepalem, John N Rydberg, CY Oliver Wong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

This study aimed to develop a reproducible method to improve (18)F-FDG PET/CT's diagnostic accuracy when characterizing hepatic lesions.This was a retrospective study of 76 patients with various types of cancer who had 134 liver lesions described on diagnostic CT, MRI, or (18)F-FDG PET/CT. All 134 lesions were imaged by PET/CT. For comparison, all 134 lesions were also imaged either by MRI (58 lesions) or by diagnostic CT (107), with some imaged by both. The original reader's interpretation was used to determine the diagnostic validity of each modality. The (18)F-FDG PET/CT findings were then re-stratified using the ratio of the SUV(max) of the liver lesion to the SUV(avg) of liver background (SUV(TLR)). The standard of reference was histopathology and/or imaging follow-up. Eighty-nine out of the 134 lesions were positive for metastases. Two-tailed P values were calculated using a chi-square test.A SUV(TLR) greater than 2.0 strongly correlated with metastasis, while less than 2.0 strongly correlated with benign activity. Based on the original interpreter's visual analysis (PET(VA)), (18)F-FDG PET/CT had an accuracy of 74.6% with a high sensitivity (95.5%), but limited specificity (33.3%). Using the SUV(TLR) cutoff value of 2.0 to objectively re-stratify these cases, there was improvement in accuracy to 97.8%, sensitivity to 100%, and specificity to 93.3%. These values were statistically significant by chi-square analysis, with P = 0.0001 for both PET(VA) and SUV(TLR). The 58 MRI lesions and 107 diagnostic CT lesions that were reviewed had accuracies of 70.7% (P = 0.008) and 73.8% (P = 0.0001), respectively.Using a cutoff value of 2.0 for SUV(TLR) to objectively evaluate for potential hepatic metastases on (18)F-FDG PET results in a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy over subjective visual analysis alone. In this limited study, use of SUV(TLR) more accurately characterized hepatic lesions than the original CT or MRI interpretations.
Antagonism between Gefitinib and Cisplatin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells: Why Randomized Trials Failed?
Authors: Chun-Ming Tsai, Jen-Ting Chen, David J. Stewart, Chao-Hua Chiu, Chun-Liang Lai, Shih-Yin Hsiao, Yuh-Min Chen, Kuo-Ting Chang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
TCT-235 Accuracy of 320 computed tomography coronary angiography in detection of functionally significant stenoses - comparison with FFR
Authors: Brian Ko, James Cameron, Michael Leung, Dennis Wong, Darryl Leong, Ian Meredith, Paul Antonis, Yuvi Malaiapan, Sujith Seneviratne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Inhibition of Liver Fibrosis by L-Azetidine-2-Carboxylic Acid in Rats Treated with Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Marcos Rojkind
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC), an analogue of proline, has been shown to partially ameliorate hepatic cirrhosis induced in rats by CCl(4). AZC caused a diminution in formation of collagen in the liver accompanied by a relative decrease in the pool of free proline. The synthesis of noncollagenous proteins in the livers of treated rats did not appear to be affected.
THE EDUCATION OF GRADUATES
Authors: A. Macphail
Journal: BMJ (1919)

MEDICINE is the onlyprofession, whicl shows any eoree-n'.for the furtheredneation of its graiduates.-Upon' a' -giveiS?day the gr4euate may profess that he has acquired' the: mystery, but no one believes him.There is a great gulf fixed between knowing a thing-and professing to know it, and a still wider gulf between the knowing and the doing of it.Study of medicinq mutt continue so long as life endures.