tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5387: Exploring effects of nanosecond and microsecond pulsed electric field ablation in a rat orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model
Authors: Ru Chen, Nova M. Sain, Stephen J. Beebe, Gary Long, Peter Shires
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cancer in the world. A diagnosis of HCC carries a guarded prognosis, especially when metastasis is documented. Reliable, curative treatment for very early, early, and intermediate stages is still an inconsistent ideal. Nanosecond (ns), or microsecond (μs) pulsed electric fields (PEFs) that produce irreversible electroporation (IRE) could be used to ablate local tumor masses through minimal invasive or open surgery delivery. Both nsPEFs and μsPEFs induce permanent permeabilization of cells resulting in cell death without any thermal effect. NsPEFs can also impact intracellular organelles and induce apoptosis. Previous studies indicated under certain condition, there was a protective tumor response following nsPEFs treatment in mouse subcutaneous HCC model. In these studies, we specifically test the efficacy of nsPEFs and μsPEFs in an orthotopic HCC rat tumor model. N1S1 cells stably transfected with luciferase were used to generate tumors. Orthotropic insertion of transfected N1S1 HCC cells in Sprague Dawley rat livers was used as the model. Different pulses numbers, rise times and pulse durations were applied. The effect on treated tumor tissue suggests that a single treatment of 500 or 1000 100ns pulses with either slow (50ns) or fast (10ns) rise times and 50 kV/cm can eliminate HCC tumors. Continuous delivery of eighty 100μs microsecond pulses at 2.5 kV/cm dramatically reverses lesion enlargement. 1000 pulses of 100 ns PEFs with fast rise times provoke an innate immune response. Immune responses in this orthotopic HCC model are still under investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5387. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5387
Lentivirus-mediated Gene Transfer in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Is Impaired in SHIV-infected, ART-treated Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Patrick M Younan, Christopher W Peterson, Patricia Polacino, John P Kowalski, Willimark Obenza, Hannah W Miller, Brian P Milless, Phil Gafken, Stephen C DeRosa, Shiu-Lok Hu, Hans-Peter Kiem
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Recent studies have demonstrated that genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can reduce HIV viremia. We have developed an HIV/AIDS-patient model in Simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected pigtailed macaques that are stably suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (ART: raltegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir). Following SHIV infection and ART, animals undergo autologous HSC transplantation (HSCT) with lentivirally transduced cluster of differentiation (CD)34(+) cells expressing the mC46 anti-HIV fusion protein. We show that SHIV(+), ART-treated animals had very low gene marking levels after HSCT. Pretransduction CD34(+) cells contained detectable levels of all three ART drugs, likely contributing to the low gene transfer efficiency. Following HSCT recovery and the cessation of ART, plasma viremia rebounded, indicating that myeloablative total body irradiation cannot completely eliminate viral reservoirs after autologous HSCT. The kinetics of recovery following autologous HSCT in SHIV(+), ART-treated macaques paralleled those observed following transplantation of control animals. However, T-cell subset analyses demonstrated a high percentage of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-expressing CD4(+) T-cells after HSCT. These data suggest that an extended ART interruption time may be required for more efficient lentiviral transduction. To avoid complications associated with ART interruption in the context of high percentages of CD4(+)CCR5(+)T-cells after HSCT, the use of vector systems not impaired by the presence of residual ART may also be beneficial.
TWO-YEAR RESULTS OF THE PLATINUM RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING PLATINUM CHROMIUM PROMUS ELEMENT AND COBALT CHROMIUM PROMUS/XIENCE V EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN DE NOVO CORONARY ARTERY LESIONS
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Paul Teirstein, Ian Meredith, Alain Bouchard, Didier Carri&eacute;, Helge M&ouml;llmann, Keith Oldroyd, Jack Hall, Dominic Allocco, Keith Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effect of octreotide on fasting gall bladder emptying, antroduodenal motility, and motilin release in acromegaly.
Authors: M F Stolk, K J van Erpecum, H P Koppeschaar, M Samsom, A J Smout, L M Akkermans, T L Peeters, G P vanBerge-Henegouwen
Journal: Gut (1995)

Subcutaneous octreotide (Sandostatin) injections lead to gall stone formation in 13-50% of acromegaly patients during one year of therapy. This study explored the effects of octreotide on interdigestive gall bladder emptying, antroduodenal motility, and motilin release. Ambulatory antroduodenal manometry was performed in six acromegaly patients before and after two months of octreotide therapy (100 micrograms thrice daily, subcutaneously). Ultrasonographic gall bladder volume measurements and plasma motilin concentrations were obtained during two migrating motor complex (MMC) cycles. Before octreotide treatment, nine of 26 phase III activities started in the antrum and 17 of 26 in the duodenum whereas during treatment 47 of 48 of phase III activity started in the duodenum (p &lt; 0.05). Before treatment, interdigestive gall bladder emptying (mean (SEM) 39.9 (4.0)% of maximal fasting volume) and plasma motilin peaks preceded antral phase III but not duodenal phase III. During octreotide therapy no significant motilin fluctuation or gall bladder emptying was seen. Fasting gall bladder volume increased from 40.9 (9.1) ml before to 68.0 (14.8) ml (p &lt; 0.05) during octreotide treatment. In conclusion, two months9 treatment with octreotide increases the number of duodenal phase III like activity and virtually abolishes antral phase III, plasma motilin peaks, and interdigestive gall bladder emptying. These effects might contribute to the high risk of gall stone formation during longterm octreotide treatment.
Lipid mediators of inflammation as novel plasma biomarkers to identify patients with bacteremia
Authors: Kelvin K.W. To, Kim-Chung Lee, Samson S.Y. Wong, Ka-Ching Lo, Yin-Ming Lui, Akhee S. Jahan, Andrea L. Wu, Yi-Hong Ke, Chun-Yiu Law, Kong-Hung Sze, Susanna K.P. Lau, Patrick C.Y. Woo, Ching-Wan Lam, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
A Study of the Usefulness and Limitations of Electrical Countershock, Cardiac Massage, Epinephrine and Procaine in Cardiac Resuscitation from Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: RENÉ WÉGRIA, CHARLES W. FRANK, HSUEH-HWA WANG, GEORGE MISRAHY, ROBERT MILLER, PETER KORNFELD
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The efficacy of electrical countershock, cardiac massage, epinephrine and procaine in stopping ventricular fibrillation and restoring a competent ventricular contraction was studied in anesthetized dogs. It was found that countershock is a reliable means of stopping fibrillation. However, it must be preceded by cardiac massage if not applied promptly after the initiation of fibrillation. Epinephrine helps restore a competent ventricular contraction once fibrillation has been stopped by countershock but it increases the incidence of recurrence of fibrillation. The doses of procaine which constitute a reliable means of stopping fibrillation depress the rhythmicity of the heart to such an extent that the cessation of fibrillation is followed by prolonged periods of cardiac standstill.
683 LOW PRE-TREATMENT NUMBERS OF CD4+/PD1+ LYMPHOCYTES AND LOW HCV-SPECIFIC IL-10 PRODUCTION DURING THERAPY WITH PEGYLATED-INTERFERON+RIBAVIRIN PREDICT RESPONSE IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: I. Carey, A. Mendes, D. Cebecauerova, S. Bansal, P. Subramaniam, S. Tizzard, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Thomas Wakley, Astley Cooper and the death of George IV
Authors: Roger Jones
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

King George IV of England died on 26 June 1830. His last illness and death were the subject of a series of astonishingly critical articles published in the Lancet, which castigated not only the quality of information contained in the bulletins from Windsor Castle about the Royal Illness, but also the quality of medical care that the King received. These articles were written by Thomas Wakley, the legendary founding editor of the Lancet, and were not only scathing about the King's medical attendants, but repeatedly demanded to know why Sir Astley Cooper, regarded by many as the leading clinician of his day, had not been called to the Court to minister to the King. Cooper had got to know the King socially after performing a minor operation on him several years before and had been widely applauded for his treatment of the Duke of York in 1827, who eventually succumbed to congestive cardiac failure. Wakley had smelt a medical rat at Court, and repeatedly referred to ‘the conjuror’ and ‘the magician’, a shadowy presence behind the throne who, for obscure reasons, was determined to keep Cooper away from the King's deathbed. Wakley was so exercised by Cooper's exclusion from the care of George IV that he demanded that the matter be debated in Parliament.

The epicentre of this drama, involving three extraordinarily colourful characters, is Guy's Hospital, London. Sir Astley Cooper was the senior surgeon at Guy's, Wakley trained there, and so did another individual who, as we shall see later, may have had more than a little to do with the exclusion of Cooper from the Court at Windsor.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Two-Step Postexercise ECG
Authors: Peter F. Cohn
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A total of 305 selected patients with chest pain syndromes were studied with both the two-step test and selective coronary cinearteriography. All patients were suspected clinically of having coronary artery disease. Subjects with positive responses were subdivided according to degree of ischemic R-ST depression, and those with negative responses according to immediate postexercise heart rate. Results of this study suggest that the diagnostic accuracy of a moderate stress test (such as the two-step) is greatly enhanced when postexercise heart rate, degree of R-ST depression, and presence of preexercise electrocardiographic abnormalities are considered. Retention of the two-step test as a screening procedure appears justified.
Burn Patients Confront Pain, Fear, Loss of Control
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A TOUCH, a brush against a sheet, even an air current, can cause burn patients pain. The searing kind of pain, caused when partial-thickness burns leave nerves exposed, punctuates the constant, underlying pain experienced by the patient. But physical pain is only one of many personal challenges that burn patients must confront. Psychological factors are so critical for burn patients that a handful of burn centers, including the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Tex, employ a psychiatric clinical nurse specialist on their staff. "Fires happen so fast," says Thomas M. Summers, RN, MEd, MSN, a US Army lieutenant colonel and the specialist at USAISR. "In just a short period of time this person moves from being an independent person to somebody who is 100% dependent on other people. The frustration, helplessness, powerlessness that comes out of that is just awesome sometimes. It's more
Randomized comparative long-term survival study of endoscopic and thoracoscopic esophageal wall repair after NOTES mediastinoscopy in healthy and compromised animals
Authors: A. Fritscher-Ravens, T. Cuming, C. Eisenberger, M. Ghadimi, A. Nilges, P. Meybohm, S. Schiffmann, B. Jacobsen, F. Seehusen, H. Niemann, W. Knoefel
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has not yet been widely adopted because of lack of suitable equipment and fear of possible serious complications, especially in the mediastinum. We compared endoscopic with thoracoscopic esophageal wall repair after full-thickness esophageal wall incision (FTEI) and NOTES mediastinoscopy in healthy versus compromised animals.After FTEI for mediastinoscopy, 24 pigs (12 healthy, 12 compromised) were randomly allocated to endoscopic or thoracoscopic repair (each arm of each group, n = 6). They were kept alive for 3 months after endoscopic closure with prototype T-anchor suturing or thoracoscopic repair.FTEI and mediastinoscopy were uneventful in all as was the initial repair of the incision (mean repair times: thoracoscopic 65 +/- 3.2 minutes, endoscopic 52 +/- 5.1 minutes; P < 0.0005). Post procedure, all 12 healthy pigs thrived with no complications or deaths. Two compromised animals died during the preparation period, and had to be replaced. In the compromised group, during endoscopic repair, 2 / 6 pigs suffered from gastric reflux into esophagus and mediastinum; the repair was completed and the pigs kept alive; one subsequently died of mediastinitis, and in the other, autopsy showed a gastric abscess in the lower mediastinum. Regarding the compromised thoracoscopic subgroup, one animal died from mediastinitis and all had abscesses at or near the incision sites.Transesophageal mediastinoscopy could be performed equally well as the transthoracic procedure, both in healthy and compromised animals. However, on follow-up, the compromised animals had worse outcomes, with more complications and two deaths (17 %), one in each arm.
RECOVERY FROM LEUKANEMIA.
Authors: CHARLES E. TEETER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —The case here reported is that of a child, aged 6, youngest of seven children, two of whom died during early life of scarlet fever. The parents are both healthy and there is no specific taint. <h3>History.</h3> —This child was always well, was a breast-fed infant, and the only illness from which she had suffered was an attack of measles two or three years ago. She never had malaria, rheumatism, or influenza. Her color was always good, she was not short of breath, and could run and play as well as any other child of her age. Wednesday, May 3, 1905: She went to school and seemed in her usual health. Thursday, May 4: She was taken sick with general malaise, nausea, headache, no chill; temperature in the afternoon was 101 F. Thursday night she began to vomit, and Friday the vomiting was incessant; she was very restless, tossing
Number of people with dementia will reach 65.7 million by 2030, says report
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Developing countries will be hit hardest by the worldwide increase in the numbers of people with dementia, says a report from the World Health Organization and Alzheimer’s Disease International.

The report, Dementia: a public health priority , says that low and middle income countries face the largest growth in numbers of people with the disease over the coming years but warns that these countries do not have the workforce or infrastructure to cope with the problem.

Currently 58% of people with dementia live in low and middle income countries and this is projected to increase to 71% by 2050. Rapid increases in the numbers and proportions of older people are forecast …
THE OBSTETRICS OF A GENERAL PRACTICE IN THE LAST DECADE
Authors: A. F. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1932)

In all the recent talk in the medical and in the public press about unreduced maternal mortality and morbidity there smoulders very near the surface a fire which could easily be fanned to a flame of spurious indignation against our profession.It is being laid to our door that this blot upon the nation's life has not been effaced in our time.I am convinced that, wherever the blame is to rest, it does not cloak the shoulders of any general practitioner who is worth his salt.If any man brings an enlightened enthusiasm into his work, his results will stand investigation and comparison with those obtained in any institution, or by any system in which the general practitioner is not used, and it may be well, therefore, to examine the practice of the obstetric art as it obtains for most of us in a practitioner's life in the year 1931.Of 330 consecutive maternity cases (190 primiparae and 140 multiparae) 201 were normal-103 primiparae and 98 multiparae-a two-thirds normality.By normality I mean: (1) that these women delivered themselves with no more help than that obtained from anaesthetics or uterine muscle stimulants; (2) that they developed no sustained rise of temperature ; and (3) that they displayed no complications before, during, or after confinement.There have been two deaths-one due to embolism and the other to perforated gastric ulcer.It might be thought that one outlet of escape for fatal cases was by way of hospital admission.Two patients in this series were admitted to hospital-one for Caesarean section, and one for uncontrolled diarrhoea in the third week.It has always to be borne in mind also, when looking at his statistics, that the practitioner is the casualty clearing station for the midwives of his district.
10-minute consultation: Newly diagnosed hypertension
Authors: C. A'Court
Journal: BMJ (2002)

This is part of a series of occasional articles on common problems in primary care A 59 year old man has had, in the past three months, three successive pairs of blood pressure readings of 158/98 mm Hg, 150/92 mm Hg, and 156/96 mm Hg. The values were measured according to the recommendations of the British Hypertension Society. He has no history of coronary heart disease, transient ischaemic attack, ischaemic stroke, or peripheral vascular disease. View this table: How benefits of treating hypertension, shown as numbers needed to treat (NNTs), vary according to severity of hypertension, age, and formally estimated risk level
Direct muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of hepatic glucose production in humans.
Authors: P J Boyle, S B Liggett, S D Shah, P E Cryer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To explore the potential role of the parasympathetic nervous system in human glucoregulatory physiology, responses to the muscarinic cholinergic agonist bethanechol (5.0 mg s.c.) and antagonist atropine (1.0 mg i.v.) were measured in normal humans. There were no changes in the plasma glucose concentration or rates of glucose production or utilization following atropine administration. After bethanechol administration there were no changes in the plasma glucose concentration or fluxes despite increments in plasma glucagon (75 +/- 7 to 103 +/- 10 pg/ml, P less than 0.02). There were no changes in insulin or C-peptide levels. To test the hypothesis that direct muscarinic inhibition of glucose production was offset by an indirect action of the agonist, specifically increased glucagon secretion with consequent stimulation of glucose production, bethanechol was administered while glucagon levels were held constant with the islet clamp technique (somatostatin infusion with insulin, glucagon and growth hormone replacement at fixed rates). Under that condition the muscarinic agonist induced a 25% decrement in the plasma glucose concentration (101 +/- 8 to 75 +/- 8 mg/dl, P less than 0.05). When compared with separate clamp control studies (with placebo rather than bethanechol injection) both the rate of glucose production and the glucose concentration were reduced (P less than 0.05) following bethanechol injection; the rate of glucose utilization was unaltered. Thus, we conclude: Withdrawal of parasympathetic tone does not appear to be an important glucoregulatory process in humans. Direct muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of hepatic glucose production occurs in humans but during generalized muscarinic activation this is offset by an indirect muscarinic action, increased glucagon secretion with consequent stimulation of glucose production. Thus, particularly if regional neuronal firing occurs, the parasympathetic nervous system may play an important role in human glucoregulatory physiology.
Foxp1 is an essential transcriptional regulator for the generation of quiescent naive T cells during thymocyte development
Authors: Xiaoming Feng, Gregory C. Ippolito, Lifeng Tian, Karla Wiehagen, Soyoung Oh, Arivazhagan Sambandam, Jessica Willen, Ralph M. Bunte, Shanna D. Maika, June V. Harriss, Andrew J. Caton, Avinash Bhandoola, Philip W. Tucker, Hui Hu
Journal: Blood (2009)
Discoloured tongue: a new cause?
Authors: C. Scully
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, Superficial transient discoloration of the dorsum of the tongue and other soft tissues and teeth may be of various colours, typically yellowish or brown and may be caused by certain foods and beverages (such as coffee and tea), habits (such as tobacco and betel)1 and drugs (such as iron salts, chlorhexidine or antibiotics),2–4 especially if these also induce xerostomia (such as psychotropic agents).5 When such discoloration noticeably affects the posterior dorsum of the tongue and the filiform papillae are excessively long and stained dark brown or black, the term black hairy tongue is used, but this is less common than other discolorations. We report a 40‐year‐old caucasian male, who suffered from gastro‐oesophageal reflux only and who had an otherwise clear medical history and no regular drug use or habits such as tobacco use, who presented complaining of a discoloured tongue. The only recent change was a history of use of lansoprazole 15 mg capsules daily for the previous month. Examination revealed no extraoral abnormalities and the only detectable oral abnormality was a yellowish discoloured somewhat hairy tongue mainly on the dorsum bilaterally and posteriorly. Unstimulated whole saliva sialometry revealed a normal salivary flow rate. The discoloration was therefore attributed to the lansoprazole and, by 2 weeks after the end of his 8‐week course of lansoprazole, his tongue had returned to a normal appearance.
Scombrotoxic atrial flutter.
Authors: L Borysiewicz, D Krikler
Journal: BMJ (1981)

problem as a long-term effect of treatment with guanethidine or thioridazine hydrochloride.A high proportion of our patients receiving the alpha,-blocking agent indoramin described a similar phenomenon.Failure of ejaculation with indoramin is probably due to its action on transmission at the short adrenergic neurones of the male reproductive tract, although further studies are indicated, including studies of urine obtained before and after masturbation, to determine whether retrograde ejaculation occurs.Although a few reports' 5 have mentioned sexual dysfunction in a small number of patients, the high incidence of failure of ejaculation without disturbance of erection and with the sensation of orgasm has not been emphasised.Two-thirds of our patients suffered from failure of ejaculation while taking the fairly low daily dose of 60 mg indoramin, and this emphasises the need to question patients about sexual performance when they are being treated with this or other alpha- adrenergic-blocking agents.This finding may also support the hypothesis that this group of drugs may be developed for use as reversible male contraceptives.4