tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multifactorial intervention after a fall in older people with cognitive impairment and dementia presenting to the accident and emergency department: randomised controlled trial
Authors: F. E Shaw
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the effectiveness of multifactorial intervention after a fall in older patients with cognitive impairment and dementia attending the accident and emergency department. <b>Design:</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Participants:</b> 274 cognitively impaired older people (aged 65 or over) presenting to the accident and emergency department after a fall: 130 were randomised to assessment and intervention and 144 were randomised to assessment followed by conventional care (control group). <b>Setting:</b> Two accident and emergency departments, Newcastle upon Tyne. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Primary outcome was number of participants who fell in year after intervention. Secondary outcomes were number of falls (corrected for diary returns), time to first fall, injury rates, fall related attendances at accident and emergency department, fall related hospital admissions, and mortality. <b>Results:</b> Intention to treat analysis showed no significant difference between intervention and control groups in proportion of patients who fell during 1 year9s follow up (74% (96/130) and 80% (115/144), relative risk ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.05). No significant differences were found between groups for secondary outcome measures. <b>Conclusions:</b> Multifactorial intervention was not effective in preventing falls in older people with cognitive impairment and dementia presenting to the accident and emergency department after a fall. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Multifactorial intervention prevents falls in cognitively normal older people living in the community and in those who present to the accident and emergency department after a fall Fall prevention strategies have not been tested by controlled trials in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia who fall <h3>What this study adds</h3> No benefit was shown from multifactorial assessment and intervention after a fall in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia presenting to the accident and emergency department The intervention was less effective in these patients than in cognitively normal older people
Anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies of the T15 idiotype are optimally protective against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Authors: D E Briles, C Forman, S Hudak, J L Claflin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

In the mouse, most anti-PC antibody is found in one of the three murine anti-PC idiotype families: T15, M603, or M511. The antibodies within each of these idiotypic families have characteristic fine specificities for phosphorylcholine (PC)-analogues. In this paper we compare the ability of hybridoma IgM anti-PC antibodies of the three idiotype families to protect mice from fatal infection with S. pneumoniae. Antibody bearing the T15 idiotype was approximately 8 times as effective as antibody with the M603 idiotype and approximately 30 times as protective as antibody with the M511 idiotype. Reports by others have shown that the heavy chains of virtually all mouse anti-PC antibodies are produced by translocation of a single variable region gene and that the direct translation of this gene (in the absence of somatic mutations) results in heavy chains characteristic of the T15 idiotype. Thus, our findings suggest that the T15 germ line heavy chain variable region gene may have been selected through evolution to code for antibody binding PC-containing pathogens such as S. pneumoniae. Our observations may also explain the existence of regulatory mechanisms that result in maintenance of T15 idiotype expression in murine anti-PC immune responses.
Mammary Tumors in Strains BL/LyDe and SWR/LyDe Mice
Authors: Margaret K. Deringer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Strain BL/LyDe mice have been shown to possess the mammary tumor virus. Its presence has been demonstrated by the occurrence of mammary tumors in agent-free C3HfB and C3HeB females foster-nursed by strain BL. The virus has not been demonstrated in strain SWR/LyDe by the same procedure.
Cellular and Humoral Immunity to Leukemia Cells in BCG-Induced Growth Control of a Murine Leukemia 2
Authors: L. Olsson, Irène Florentin, Nicole Kiger, G. Mathé
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The antitumor effects of weekly iv injections of 1.0 mg BCG and/or sc injections of 10(7) irradiated leukemia cells were studied in an isogeneic, transplantable lymphoid leukemia in the C57BL/6 mouse. The injections were started at day 1 after ip inoculation of 10(5) leukemia cells. BCG prolonged the survival time of most animals and cured 22%. BCG plus irradiated cells cured only about 10% of the mice, and irradiated cells alone had no curative effect. Individual tumor-bearing mice in the various experimental groups were examined with respect to ascites tumor cell number; complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in sera; direct and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity to tumor cells of lymphoid cells from peritoneal fluid, the spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes; and the cytology of ascites, the spleen, and lymph nodes. Only the antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (ADLMC) was correlated with the ascites tumor cell number, since the ADLMC was high only in mice with a tumor cell number less than that of the controls. Furthermore, since mice with a low tumor cell number had predominantly only lymphocytes as the nonmalignant cell type in their peritoneal fluid, ADLMC may have had an important role in BCG-induced control of tumor growth.
A comparison of bioreactors for culture of fetal mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Zhi-Yong Zhang, Swee Hin Teoh, Erin Yiling Teo, Mark Seow Khoon Chong, Chong Woon Shin, Foo Toon Tien, Mahesh A. Choolani, Jerry K.Y. Chan
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Combined surgical and X-ray treatment for angiosarcoma of the scalp: report of a case with a favourable outcome
Authors: C.U. BRAND, N. YAWALKAR, C. von
           BRIEL, T. HUNZIKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Classic angiosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm of vascular differentiation which is highly aggressive. The diagnosis is often delayed and, since the despotize to treatment mainly depends on the size of the tumour, the prognosis is usually poor. Here we report a 76‐year‐old man in whom an extensive angiosarcoma of the scalp was treated by excision followed by wide‐field radiotherapy. More than 4 years later there are no signs of local recurrence or of metastasis.
Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: what is the relationship?
Authors: M A Schuckit, V Hesselbrock
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

In this critical review the authors evaluate the literature regarding the relationship between lifelong DSM-III-R anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence. Many alcohol-dependent individuals demonstrate severe anxiety symptoms in the context of acute or protracted abstinence syndromes, but it is unclear whether these anxiety conditions are independent psychiatric disorders or temporary syndromes likely to disappear on their own.Reports since 1975 describing the relationship between alcoholism and anxiety disorders were reviewed to determine whether 1) lifelong anxiety disorders are unusually prevalent among alcohol-dependent individuals, 2) children of alcoholics are more likely to develop anxiety disorders than comparison populations, 3) anxiety syndromes are likely to disappear with abstinence, 4) the rate of alcohol dependence among subjects with lifelong anxiety disorders is higher than normal, 5) there is familial crossover between alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders, and 6) alcoholism is often preceded by anxiety disorders in groups from the general population studied prospectively.The interaction between alcohol use and anxiety disorders is complex. The available data, while imperfect, do not prove a close relationship between life-long anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence. Further, prospective studies of children of alcoholics and individuals from the general population do not indicate a high rate of anxiety disorders preceding alcohol dependence.The high rates of comorbidity in some studies likely reflect a mixture of true anxiety disorders among alcoholics at a rate equal to or slightly higher than that for the general population, along with temporary, but at times severe, substance-induced anxiety syndromes.
Relationship of the Use of Adjunctive Pharmacological Agents to Symptoms and Level of Function in Schizophrenia
Authors: Robert W. Buchanan, Julie Kreyenbuhl, Julie M. Zito, Anthony Lehman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Adjunctive pharmacological agents are extensively used in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of the use of adjunctive agents, the extent to which their use conforms with Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) recommendations for adjunctive pharmacological treatment and the relationship of conformance with treatment recommendations to demographic and clinical variables and to symptoms and level of function.Outpatients with schizophrenia (N=344) underwent an extensive interview, and their medical records were reviewed. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, medications, and role functioning were collected.More than two-thirds of the outpatients received antiparkinsonian agents, and 50% received an adjunctive agent other than an antiparkinsonian agent. Fifty-four (15.7%) outpatients received two or more non-anti-parkinsonian adjunctive agents. Rates of conformance with the PORT treatment recommendations for the use of adjunctive agents ranged from 49% to 65%, depending on the type of agent. Ethnicity and diagnosis were the only two patient characteristics that were consistently related to conformance with PORT treatment recommendations. The treatment recommendation for adjunctive mood stabilizers was the only recommendation for which conformance was related to multiple measures of patients' symptoms and level of function.Adjunctive agents are widely used in the pharmacological treatment of patients with schizophrenia, but there is a limited relationship between use of these agents in conformance with treatment recommendations and measures of symptoms and level of function. Longitudinal, prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical utility of adjunctive agents.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Abused and Neglected Children Grown Up
Authors: Cathy Spatz Widom
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which childhood abuse and neglect increase a person's risk for subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to determine whether the relationship to PTSD persists despite controls for family, individual, and lifestyle characteristics associated with both childhood victimization and PTSD.Victims of substantiated child abuse and neglect from 1967 to 1971 in a Midwestern metropolitan county area were matched on the basis of age, race, sex, and approximate family socioeconomic class with a group of nonabused and nonneglected children and followed prospectively into young adulthood. Subjects (N = 1,196) were located and administered a 2-hour interview that included the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule to assess PTSD.Childhood victimization was associated with increased risk for lifetime and current PTSD. Slightly more than a third of the childhood victims of sexual abuse (37.5%), 32.7% of those physically abused, and 30.6% of victims of childhood neglect met DSM-III-R criteria for lifetime PTSD. The relationship between childhood victimization and number of PTSD symptoms persisted despite the introduction of covariates associated with risk for both.Victims of child abuse (sexual and physical) and neglect are at increased risk for developing PTSD, but childhood victimization is not a sufficient condition. Family, individual, and lifestyle variables also place individuals at risk and contribute to the symptoms of PTSD.
Effects of Recombinant Adenovirus-Mediated Uncoupling Protein 2 Overexpression on Endothelial Function and Apoptosis
Authors: Ki-Up Lee, In Kyu Lee, Jin Han, Dae-Kyu Song, Yun Mi Kim, Hai Sun Song, Hyoun Sik Kim, Woo Je Lee, Eun Hee Koh, Kee-Ho Song, Sung Min Han, Min Seon Kim, In-Sun Park, Joong-Yeol Park
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Increased oxidative stress in vascular cells plays a key role in the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is an important regulator of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that, UCP2 functions as an inhibitor of the atherosclerotic process in endothelial cells. Adenovirus-mediated UCP2 (Ad-UCP2) overexpression led to a significant increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and decrease in endothelin-1 mRNA expression in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Moreover, UCP2 inhibited the increase in ROS production and NF-kappaB activation, and apoptosis of HAECs induced by lysophophatidylcholine (LPC) and linoleic acid. LPC and linoleic acid caused mitochondrial calcium accumulation and transient mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, which was followed by depolarization. UCP2 overexpression prevented these processes. In isolated rat aorta, Ad-UCP2 infection markedly improved impaired vascular relaxation induced by LPC. The data collectively suggest that UCP2, functions as a physiologic regulator of ROS generation in endothelial cells. Thus, measures to increase UCP2 expression in vascular endothelial cells may aid in preventing the development and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Angiotensin II as a Morphogenic Cytokine Stimulating Renal Fibrogenesis
Authors: Christiane Rüster, Gunter Wolf
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system attenuate glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Although the mechanisms underlying their antifibrotic effects are complex, angiotensin II (Ang II) emerges as a major profibrogenic cytokine. Ang II modulates renal cell growth, extracellular matrix synthesis, and degradation by multiple fibrotic pathways. One of the main targets of Ang II in renal fibrosis is TGFβ. Many, but not all, of the stimulatory effects of Ang II on fibrogenesis depend on the induction of TGFβ and its downstream mediators of matrix accumulation, inflammation, and apoptosis. However because of the difficulty in targeting TGFβ, connective tissue growth factor β (CTGF), a downstream mediator of TGFβ, has become a more promising antifibrotic target. Ang II can directly induce expression of renal CTGF and mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Other profibrotic factors stimulated by Ang II include endothelin-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2. Finally, connections among Ang II, hypoxia, and the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α contribute to fibrogenesis. A better understanding of the multiple morphogenic effects of Ang II may be necessary to develop better strategies to halt the progression of renal disease.
Congenital Heart Disease in the Older Adult
Authors: Ami B. Bhatt, Elyse Foster, Karen Kuehl, Joseph Alpert, Stephen Brabeck, Stephen Crumb, William R. Davidson, Michael G. Earing, Brian B. Ghoshhajra, Tara Karamlou, Seema Mital, Jennifer Ting, Zian H. Tseng
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Efficacy and safety of hydrostatic balloon dilatation of ileocolonic Crohn's strictures: a prospective longterm analysis.
Authors: H Couckuyt, A M Gevers, G Coremans, M Hiele, P Rutgeerts
Journal: Gut (1995)

Preliminary reports have suggested that dilatation using hydrostatic through the scope balloons may be useful for the treatment of Crohn's strictures, A prospective longterm follow up (mean (SD) 33.6 (11.2) months) was carried out in 55 Crohn's patients with 59 ileocolonic strictures submitted to 78 dilatation procedures. Hydrostatic balloons were used (Rigiflator, Microvasive) with a diameter of 18 mm on inflation. As soon as the balloons became available dilatation up to a diameter of 20 and 25 mm was attempted. The dilatations were performed under general anaesthesia using propofol (Diprivan). The patients were kept for one night in the hospital after dilatation. Seventy (90%) procedures were technically successful and passage of the stricture with a 13.6 mm diameter colonoscope was possible after 73% of the dilatations. Complications occurred in six patients (11%; 8% of procedures), including sealed perforations (n = 2), retroperitoneal perforations (n = 2), and intraperitoneal perforations (n = 2). Two of the patients were treated surgically with a one stage resection of the stricture and recovered uneventfully. Four patients were treated conservatively with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. There was no mortality. Dilatation completely relieved obstructive symptoms in 20 patients after one procedure, in another 14 patients after two (n = 13) or three (n = 1) dilatations. Total longterm success rate was 34 of 55 patients (62%). Nineteen patients (38%) were operated on because of persistent obstructive symptoms. The data show that endoscopic dilatation using the through the scope hydrostatic balloon system relieves obstructive symptoms resulting from ileocolonic Crohn's strictures. The procedure, however, carries a definite risk of perforation.
Sideroblastic anemia terminating in myelofibrosis
Authors: Daniel F. Lukowicz, Thomas J. Myers, Joseph A. Grasso, Maurice M. Albala
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract Two patients with primary acquired sideroblastic anemia who eventually developed myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia are reported. Splenectomy was performed in one patient because of increasing blood transfusion requirements, and splenic histology revealed both myeloid metaplasia and ringed sideroblasts. The second patient showed a partial response of the sideroblastic anemia to pyridoxine therapy during the early stages of development of the myelofibrosis. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia may represent a nonspecific response of the marrow tissue to sideroblastic anemia as to other primary hematologic disorders.
Dr. Cook and Colleagues Reply
Authors: JUDITH A. COOK, LISA A. RAZZANO, JANE K. BURKE-MILLER, SUSAN A. PICKETT-SCHENK, DENNIS D. GREY, ANTHONY F. LEHMAN, WILLIAM R. McFARLANE, PAUL B. GOLD, H. STEPHEN LEFF, CRYSTAL BLYLER,, MARCIA G. TOPRAC, LAURA BLANKERTZ, MICHAEL SHAFER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)
Reperfusion injury of ischemic skeletal muscle is mediated by natural antibody and complement.
Authors: M R Weiser, J P Williams, F D Moore, L Kobzik, M Ma, H B Hechtman, M C Carroll
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Reperfusion of ischemic tissue induces an acute inflammatory response that can result in necrosis and irreversible cell injury to both local vascular endothelium and parenchyma. To examine the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury, we have used mice deficient in complement components C3, C4, or serum immunoglobulin in a hindlimb model of ischemia. We found that mice homozygous deficient in C3 or C4 were equally protected against reperfusion injury based on a significant reduction in leakage of radiolabeled albumin out of the vasculature. This demonstrates that classical pathway complement is an important factor in the initiation of inflammation following reperfusion. Furthermore, mice deficient in serum immunoglobulin were equally protected and this protection could be reversed by reconstitution with serum from normal mice. Thus, this report describes a novel mechanism for reperfusion injury that involves antibody deposition and activation of complement leading to inflammation permeability.
Screening for Lung Cancer: What Comes Next?
Authors: Nir Peled, Maya Ilouze
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

See accompanying article on page 3880 In recent years, targeted therapies have increased the average survival in patients with advanced lung cancer to 3.5 years, 1 and immuno-modulation may increase it even further. 2,3 It is important to note that only approximately 20% of the non–small-cell lung cancer adenocarcinomas (mainly epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase genetic aberrations) are treatable with targeted therapies, 1 and only approximately 20% of patients with non– small-cell lung cancer will derive long-term benefit from current immunotherapies. However, patients stand to gain from another breakthrough in the field of lung cancer: use of annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening achieved a 20% reduction
Ausbildung in Gruppenpsychotherapie
Authors: R. Battegay
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

According to a differentiation in allocentered and autocentered groups, only the latters are called therapeutic in the strict sense of the word. It is pointed to the fact that the psychological and sociological level have to be separated in group psychotherapy; both, however, must be integrated in our considerations. Pointing to the group dynamics, the following stages of training are named: (1) participation in an analytic training group (self-experience group); (2) training as co-therapist; (3) single or group control by an experienced therapist, and (4) theoretic training. The experience of oneself in the frame of an analytic training group has to be the base of training. The control by an experienced therapist as well as the theoretic training should start after 1 year; otherwise the theoretic knowledge could be used as a mean of defense and thus, the candidates might probably not find the approach to their emotional experience any more. That is why the formation-before information-takes the first place in the training of group psychotherapists.
STUDIES ON INFLAMMATION
Authors: Valy Menkin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

Foreign protein such as horse serum injected into an inflamed peritoneal cavity penetrates into the blood stream less rapidly than when introduced into the normal cavity. Foreign protein injected into a cutaneous inflammatory area is held in situ for a longer period than when injected into an inflamed peritoneal cavity. Foreign protein introduced into the circulating blood stream accumulates in an inflamed area, where it is found in greater concentration than in normal tissue. Accumulation of foreign protein at the site of inflammation explains the phenomenon of local anaphylaxis described by Auer in rabbits sensitized to horse serum. The antigen accumulating in the inflamed ear reacts with antibody, intensifies a pre-existing inflammatory reaction and produces necrosis of the ear.