tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Indoor Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure with Respiratory Symptoms in Children with Asthma
Authors: Kathleen Belanger, Janneane F. Gent, Elizabeth W. Triche, Michael B. Bracken, Brian P. Leaderer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Chronic exposure to indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a public health concern. Over half of U.S. households have a source of NO2, and experimental data suggest potential for adverse respiratory effects.Objective: To examine associations of indoor NO2 exposure with respiratory symptoms among children with asthma.Methods: NO2 was measured using Palmes tubes, and respiratory symptoms in the month before sampling were collected during home interviews of mothers of 728 children with active asthma. All were younger than 12 yr, lived at the sampled home for at least 2 mo, and had asthma symptoms or used maintenance medication within the previous year.Measurements: Respiratory symptoms (wheeze, persistent cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness).Results: Mean (SD) NO2 was 8.6 (9.1) ppb in homes with electric ranges and 25.9 (18.1) ppb in homes with gas stoves. In models stratified by housing type (a factor associated with socioeconomic status), gas stove presence and elevated NO2 were each significantly associated with respiratory symptoms, controlling for age, ethnicity, medication, mold/mildew, water leaks, and season of sampling. Among children in multifamily housing, exposure to gas stoves increased likelihood of wheeze (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.15, 4.47), shortness of breath (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.12, 5.06), and chest tightness (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.76, 10.69), whereas each 20-ppb increase in NO2 increased both likelihood of any wheeze (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04, 2.21) or chest tightness (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.04, 2.49), and days of wheeze (rate ratio (RR), 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.68) or chest tightness (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.18, 1.91).Conclusion: Exposure to indoor NO2 at levels well below the Environmental Protection Agency outdoor standard (53 ppb) is associated with respiratory symptoms among children with asthma in multifamily housing.
Re: Hassan Abol-Enein, Derya Tilki, Ahmed Mosbah, et al. Does the Extent of Lymphadenectomy in Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer Influence Disease-Free Survival? A Prospective Single-Center Study. Eur Urol 2011;60:572–7
Authors: HaiLiang Zhang, DingWei Ye
Journal: European Urology (2011)
PTU-066 An “alcohol contract” has not reduced rates of post-transplant drinking following transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: Abstract PTU-066 Figure 1
Authors: S Kendrick, A Elsharkawy, S Latimer, M Hudson, S Masson
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Reports of patients returning to drinking after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remain a source of unease for professionals and the public. Recidivism rates of 10%–16% are reported with a low rate of alcohol-related graft loss.<sup>1 2</sup> In 2005, the UK Transplant liver advisory group recommended an “alcohol contract” in which ALD patients listed for OLT confirmed in writing their commitment to abstinence.<sup>3</sup> The purpose of our study was to measure the rates and consequences of post-OLT alcohol intake in a UK transplant program and assess the effect of the “alcohol contract” on rates of post-transplant drinking. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospectively collected data were reviewed for 100 randomly selected patients transplanted for ALD—32 patients transplanted since the “alcohol contract” was implemented (February 2007) and 68 patients transplanted before. <h3>Results</h3> Overall (n=100; 62 male, median age 54), 37 patients reported some alcohol intake post-OLT. The proportion of patients returning to any alcohol was 35.3% before the “alcohol contract” and 40.6% after (NS; p=0.66). For heavy drinking (&gt;21 units [168 g ethanol]/week) this was 16.2% and 15.6%, respectively (NS; p=1.0). Four patients underwent OLT despite pre-transplant liver histology consistent with active ALD. After OLT, one of these returned to heavy drinking and another denied drinking but had a positive blood alcohol. At explant, 10 patients had features of active ALD: six of these returned to drinking post-OLT. Blood alcohol was measured in only 24 of 63 patients reporting abstinence. Two had positive tests; one of these subsequently disclosed heavy drinking. During follow-up, 23 patients died. Most deaths (87%) occurred in those (63%) who did not return to drinking. Only one death in 673 patient-years of follow-up could be directly attributed to alcohol intake. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Post-OLT recidivism is higher in our cohort than other published series but the impact of drinking on post-transplant survival remained low. The introduction of an “alcohol contract” may have value in improving public perception of transplantation in ALD patients but is insufficient to alter rates of recidivism. Random blood alcohol testing is inadequate to detect post-transplant drinking. More robust abstinence support and better assessment measures might improve outcomes. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Tomé</b>, <i>et al. J Hepatol</i> 2002;<b>36</b>:793–8. 2. <b>Wells</b>, <i>et al. Liver Transplantation</i> 2007;<b>13</b>:1728–35. 3. <b>Bathgate</b>, <i>et al. Lancet</i> 2006;<b>367</b>:2045–6.
The effect of bile acid hydrophobicity on nucleation of several types of cholesterol crystals from model bile vesicles
Authors: Mark F.J. Stolk, Bert J.M. van de Heijning, Karel J. van Erpecum, Anja M.W.C. van den Broek, Willem Renooij, Gerard P. van Berge-Henegouwen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
1013 IS ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS A USEFUL CLINICAL SCREENING TEST FOR NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IN RESOURCE POOR SETTINGS?
Authors: M.A. Niriella, A.S. Dassanayake, K.V.U. Kalubovila, A.P. de Silva, A.R. Wickramasinghe, N. Kato, M. Makaya, H.J. de Silva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Topic: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
Authors: Chase Patterson Kimball
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

The author identifies the role of the patient, his family and health professions in the acute phases of treatment, relating present reactions to previous developmental patterns, the illness-onset situation and future anticipations. The physician is seen as a general systems analyst using a number of conceptual approaches to behavior in assessing his patient's reactions. Specific reactions are identified as characteristic of the illness course constituting an acute, convalescent and rehabilitative phase. In each of these are specific illness-related problems and tasks for the patient.
Dual-Chamber Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Selection Is Associated With Increased Complication Rates and Mortality Among Patients Enrolled in the NCDR Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry
Authors: Thomas A. Dewland, Cara N. Pellegrini, Yongfei Wang, Gregory M. Marcus, Edmund Keung, Paul D. Varosy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Lay campaigners for prostate screening are funded by industry
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A lay men's group which campaigns for men to take the prostate specific antigen screening test for prostate cancer gets 95% of its funding from the pharmaceutical industry, its chief execu-tive officer admitted last week.

The group, called Us Too! International, also led the attack on two doctors who wrote articles in the San Francisco Chronicle (2002 Jan 18;sect A:29) and the BMJ (2002;324:431) arguing that routine screening for prostate cancer was not supported by the evidence.

Us Too! International claims to be the world's largest “grassroots, independent, patient-focused charitable organisation” and has 380 chapters in nine countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The group emphasises its independence, saying …
Second malignancy after Hodgkin disease treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy: long-term risks and risk factors
Authors: Andrea K. Ng, M. V. Patricia Bernardo, Edie Weller, Kendall Backstrand, Barbara Silver, Karen C. Marcus, Nancy J. Tarbell, Mary Ann Stevenson, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Peter M. Mauch
Journal: Blood (2002)
Trends in the Surgical Treatment of Prostate Cancer in Wisconsin, 1989-1991
Authors: G. Pezzino, P. L. Remington, H. A. Anderson, L. Harms, J. L. Phillips, R. Bruskewitz, D. Peterson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Radical prostatectomy (removal of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles) is usually considered a definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer. Although a sharp increase and wide geographic variation in radical prostatectomy rates have been recently documented, the reasons for this increase and the factors that make men diagnosed with the disease more likely to be treated surgically are not well known.Our purpose was to examine trends in the use of surgical treatment for prostate cancer, as well as the factors associated with the choice of surgical treatment and how these factors changed in Wisconsin in the period 1989 through 1991.We carried out a population-based cohort study. A cohort of Wisconsin men diagnosed from 1989 through 1991 with prostate cancer was identified through the Wisconsin cancer reporting system. To determine which men diagnosed with prostate cancer were treated with surgery, we linked prostate cancer records to the Wisconsin hospital discharge database. The outcome measured was radical prostatectomy within 6 months from the date of the diagnosis of prostate cancer.The yearly number of prostate cancer cases reported from 1989 through 1991 rose 33%, from 2468 to 3278. During the same period, the yearly number of radical prostatectomies rose 226%, from 283 to 922. Patients diagnosed in 1991 were twice as likely to have surgery as those diagnosed in 1989, the proportion of cases receiving surgical treatment rising from 12% to 25%. Patients who were white, less than 65 years of age, had a cancer reported to be at regional stage, and who were first reported by large hospitals were more likely to be treated surgically.The use of surgery to treat prostate cancer has increased dramatically in Wisconsin, doubling in a 3-year period, despite the fact that studies have not shown surgery to be more effective than other options for many patients. The increase observed in the rate of surgery was about the same across age, race, stage at diagnosis, and hospital size. The reasons for this increase are probably multifactorial.Risks, costs, and benefits of surgical treatment should be carefully compared with those of alternative management approaches. Patients should be enabled to make an informed decision, based on the current best evidence, on the treatment option they prefer.
Genomic Profiles for Disease Risk
Authors: Kenneth Offit
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NEW FACES FOR A NEW ERA IN MEDICINE
Authors: Raymond G. Bunge
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Physicians and patients of the United States are members of the American culture. Together with their fellow citizens they live in a common physical environment and are immersed in a social milieu of conventional beliefs, customs, behavioral patterns, and activities. It is difficult to escape the deluge of visual and verbal symbols of native culture unabashedly poured forth by word and picture machines, the controllers of which strive ceaselessly to satisfy a voracious public appetite of bulimic proportions. Rapid, economical transportation systems foster easy access to far-away regions and locales; in the United States, people love to travel and like vacations, and their commercial enterprises often impel distant relocations of their homes. Having no propensities for being hermits and rather given to making and hearing talk, they are, so to speak, over their heads in the lively Americanscene. Immersion in the social milieu begins in infancy, and one must struggle
Multicentre randomised control trial comparing real time teledermatology with conventional outpatient dermatological care: societal cost-benefit analysis
Authors: R Wootton
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> Comparison of real time teledermatology with outpatient dermatology in terms of clinical outcomes, cost-benefits, and patient reattendance <b>Design:</b> Randomised controlled trial with a minimum follow up of three months. <b>Setting:</b> Four health centres (two urban, two rural) and two regional hospitals <b>Subjects:</b> 204 general practice patients requiring referral to dermatology services; 102 were randomised to teledermatology consultation and 102 to traditional outpatient consultation. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Reported clinical outcome of initial consultation, primary care and outpatient reattendance data, and cost-benefit analysis of both methods of delivering care. <b>Results:</b> No major differences were found in the reported clinical outcomes of teledermatology and conventional dermatology. Of patients randomised to teledermatology, 55 (54%) were managed within primary care and 47 (46%) required at least one hospital appointment. Of patients randomised to the conventional hospital outpatient consultation, 46 (45%) required at least one further hospital appointment, 15 (15%) required general practice review, and 40 (39%) no follow up visits. Clinical records showed that 42 (41%) patients seen by teledermatology attended subsequent hospital appointments compared with 41 (40%) patients seen conventionally. The net societal cost of the initial consultation was £132.10 per patient for teledermatology and £48.73 for conventional consultation. Sensitivity analysis revealed that if each health centre had allocated one morning session a week to teledermatology and the average round trip to hospital had been 78 km instead of 26 km, the costs of the two methods of care would have been equal. <b>Conclusions:</b> Real time teledermatology was clinically feasible but not cost effective compared with conventional dermatological outpatient care. However, if the equipment were purchased at current prices and the travelling distances greater, teledermatology would be a cost effective alternative to conventional care
Combined potassium and calcium channel antagonistic activities as a basis for neutral frequency dependent increase in action potential duration: comparison between BRL-32872 and azimilide
Authors: A Bril
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: The effects of BRL-32872, azimilide and a selective blocker of the delayed rectifier potassium current, E-4031, were measured at two different basic cycle lengths (BCL), 300 and 1000 ms. Calcium channel antagonists of sarcolemmal (verapamil and nitrendipine) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (ryanodine) membranes were used to investigate whether the inhibition of the calcium current or the calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum could alter the reverse-rate dependence of E-4031 on action potential duration (APD). Methods: Guinea pig isolated papillary muscles were superfused with a Tyrode solution maintained at 37°C and stimulated at a BCL of 300 or 1000 ms. The standard microelectrode technique was used to record action potential parameters and to study the effects of azimilide, BRL-32872 and E-4031. E-4031 was superfused at increasing concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 μM) in the absence or in the presence of verapamil (0.3 μM), nitrendipine (0.03 μM) or ryanodine (0.1 μM). Results: BRL-32872 and azimilide induced a self-limited concentration-dependent increase in APD. The effect of BRL-32872 was not dependent on the stimulation frequency whereas the effect of azimilide was significantly reduced at the shorter BCL. E-4031 induced a concentration-dependent increase in APD at both stimulation BCL. The increase in APD was significantly more pronounced in fibres stimulated at a BCL of 1000 ms than in fibres stimulated at a BCL of 300 ms, characterising the reverse-frequency dependent effect of class III antiarrhythmic agents. The reverse-frequency dependence in action potential prolongation induced by E-4031 was significantly reduced in the presence of a low concentration of verapamil (0.3 μM), nitrendipine (0.03 μM), or ryanodine (0.1 μM). Conclusion: The results show that BRL-32872, in contrast to azimilide, does not induce the reverse-rate dependency of action potential prolongation typically produced by class III antiarrhythmic agents such as E-4031. Our results also show that reverse-rate dependency induced by E-4031 can be reduced by the simultaneous administration of a low concentration of a calcium channel antagonist or an inhibitor of the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. It is thus suggested that compounds with a suitable balance of potassium and calcium antagonistic activities may have less adverse effects than purely selective potassium channel blockers.
Remodeling after directional coronary atherectomy (with and without adjunct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty): a serial angiographic and intravascular ultrasound analysis from the optimal atherectomy restenosis study
Authors: Alexandra J. Lansky, Gary S. Mintz, Jeffrey J. Popma, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Donald S. Baim, Richard E. Kuntz, Charles Simonton, Robert M. Bersin, Tomaki Hinohara, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Molecular simulation of the primary and secondary structures of the Aβ(1-42)-peptide of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Peter P. Mager
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1998)

The major protein constituent of the deposits of Alzheimer's disease is the so-called amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) which was derived from proteolysis of a large transmembrane amyloid precursor protein. Some physicochemical and biological properties of the Abeta(1-42) peptide are described in this paper. Three functional areas of the soluble Abeta(1-42) peptide were found: (i) a lipophilic region in the middle of the peptide (Lys16 to Ala21), (ii) a second lipophilic core at the end (Lys28 to Val40), and (iii) polarized and charged, solvent-exposed areas. Using molecule coordinates found experimentally by NMR-solution spectroscopy, subsequent Gasteiger-MM+ geometry optimization led to the result that the first lipophilic core has an alpha-helical structure which is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen-bonding forces. The result is a loop-like molecule. The second lipophilic core has a beta-sheet structure, and is able to form long-ranged, noncovalent, mainly hydrophobic forces with other beta-sheets of Abeta peptides. The beta-strands run in an antiparallel direction. The aggregates are highly stable and ordered. The negatively charged, solvent-exposed residues are potential sites for a crosslinking with membrane-bound receptors. A perspective in drug research is the development of drugs that bind to individual beta-sheets by noncovalent interactions, blocking the associations between the individual Abeta peptides and preventing the formation of amyloid aggregates.
Patients’ Preferences in Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN 1976 the National Surgical Adjuvant Project for Breast and Bowel Cancers (NSABP) launched a multicenter randomized clinical trial to compare mastectomy with "lumpectomy," with and without radiation, in the treatment of breast cancer. Two years later, only a small fraction of the expected number of patients had been enlisted, and the trial was in jeopardy because of this low rate of accrual. What happened?In this issue of the Journal, Taylor and her colleagues present the results of a questionnaire study of why participating physicians entered so few of their eligible patients into the trial.1 They found a . . .
Targeting Multiple Arms of the Apoptotic Regulatory Machinery
Authors: Yun Dai, Steven Grant
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract ABT-737 targets Bcl-2/Bcl-xL but not Mcl-1, which confers resistance to this novel agent. Here, we summarize recent findings indicating that Mcl-1 represents a critical determinant of ABT-737 sensitivity and resistance, and that Mcl-1 down-regulation by various pharmacologic agents or genetic approaches dramatically increases ABT-737 lethality in diverse malignant cell types. These findings also show that the multidomain proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak play important functional roles in ABT-737–mediated apoptosis, and that Bak activation is essential in potentiation of ABT-737 lethality by agents that down-regulate Mcl-1. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel therapeutic strategy targeting multiple arms of the apoptotic machinery. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):2908–11]
Hepatobiliary Imaging in Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis with Fatty Liver
Authors: TERUHITI MOCHIZUKI, MARTIN CHARRON, AJIT N. SHAH, JEFFREY DOBKIN, W. NEWLON TAUXE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with Tc-99m mebrofenin in a patient with acute alcoholic hepatitis and fatty liver is reported and is compared to CT and ultrasound. It demonstrated two hot spots that corresponded to regions not involved with fatty liver, as evidenced by normal density areas on CT and relatively hypoechoic areas on ultra-sonography.
Quantitative Regulation of Class Switch Recombination by Switch Region Transcription
Authors: Chung-Gi Lee, Kazuo Kinoshita, Arulvathani Arudchandran, Susana M. Cerritelli, Robert J. Crouch, Tasuku Honjo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

The isotype specificity of immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching is regulated by a cytokine which induces transcription of a specific switch (S) region, giving rise to so-called germline transcripts. Although previous studies have demonstrated that germline transcription of an S region is required for class switch recombination (CSR) of that particular S region, it has not been shown whether the level of S region transcription affects the efficiency of CSR. We addressed this question by using an artificial DNA construct containing a constitutively transcribed μ switch (Sμ) region and an α switch (Sα) region driven by a tetracycline-responsive promoter. The construct was introduced into a switch-inducible B lymphoma line and the quantitative correlation between Sα region transcription and class switching efficiency was evaluated. The level of Sα transcription was linearly correlated with CSR efficiency, reaching a plateau at saturation. On the other hand, we failed to obtain the evidence to support involvement of either RNA–DNA heteroduplex or trans germline transcripts in CSR. Taken together, it is likely that S region transcription and/or transcript processing in situ may be required for CSR. We propose that because of the unusual properties of S region DNA, transcription induces the DNA to transiently be single stranded, permitting secondary structure(s) to form. Such structures may be recognition targets of a putative class switch recombinase.