tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Grazoprevir–Elbasvir Combination Therapy for Treatment-Naive Cirrhotic and Noncirrhotic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1, 4, or 6 Infection
Authors: Stefan Zeuzem, Reem Ghalib, K. Rajender Reddy, Paul J. Pockros, Ziv Ben Ari, Yue Zhao, Deborah D. Brown, Shuyan Wan, Mark J. DiNubile, Bach-Yen Nguyen, Michael N. Robertson, Janice Wahl, Eliav Barr, Joan R. Butterton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Novel interferon- and ribavirin-free regimens are needed to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of grazoprevir (NS3/4A protease inhibitor) and elbasvir (NS5A inhibitor) in treatment-naive patients.Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02105467).60 centers in the United States, Europe, Australia, Scandinavia, and Asia.Cirrhotic and noncirrhotic treatment-naive adults with genotype 1, 4, or 6 infection.Oral, once-daily, fixed-dose grazoprevir 100 mg/elbasvir 50 mg for 12 weeks, stratified by fibrosis and genotype. Patients were randomly assigned 3:1 to immediate or deferred therapy.Proportion of patients in the immediate-treatment group achieving unquantifiable HCV RNA 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12); adverse events in both groups.Among 421 participants, 194 (46%) were women, 157 (37%) were nonwhite, 382 (91%) had genotype 1 infection, and 92 (22%) had cirrhosis. Of 316 patients receiving immediate treatment, 299 of 316 (95% [95% CI, 92% to 97%]) achieved SVR12, including 144 of 157 (92% [CI, 86% to 96%]) with genotype 1a, 129 of 131 (99% [CI, 95% to 100%]) with genotype 1b, 18 of 18 (100% [CI, 82% to 100%]) with genotype 4, 8 of 10 (80% [CI, 44% to 98%]) with genotype 6, 68 of 70 (97% [CI, 90% to 100%]) with cirrhosis, and 231 of 246 (94% [CI, 90% to 97%]) without cirrhosis. Virologic failure occurred in 13 patients (4%), including 1 case of breakthrough infection and 12 relapses, and was associated with baseline NS5A polymorphisms and emergent NS3 or NS5A variants or both. Serious adverse events occurred in 9 (2.8%) and 3 (2.9%) patients in the active and placebo groups, respectively (difference <0.05 percentage point [CI, -5.4 to 3.1 percentage points]); none were considered drug related. The most common adverse events in the active group were headache (17%), fatigue (16%), and nausea (9%).The study lacked an active-comparator control group and included relatively few genotype 4 and 6 infections.Grazoprevir-elbasvir achieved high SVR12 rates in treatment-naive cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with genotype 1, 4, or 6 infection. This once-daily, all-oral, fixed-combination regimen represents a potent new therapeutic option for chronic HCV infection.Merck & Co.
The war in Bosnia: Volunteer teams raise morale
Authors: J. Beavis, G. Keene, C. Dunling
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> T2 hypointensity in the basal ganglia of patients with MS has been associated with clinical progression and cognitive decline. Our objectives were the following: 1) to compare signal in T2WI, R2 (ie, 1/T2), and R2* (ie, 1/T2*) relaxation rates and quantitative susceptibility mapping; and 2) to investigate the associations among MR imaging, clinical scores, and cognitive measures of inhibitory control linked to basal ganglia functioning. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> Twenty-nine patients with MS underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests including the Flanker and Stroop tasks. 7T MR imaging included 3D gradient-echo and single-echo multishot spin-echo EPI. Quantitative susceptibility mapping images were calculated by using a Wiener filter deconvolution algorithm. T2WI signal was normalized to CSF. R2 and R2* were calculated by log-linear regression. Average MR imaging metrics for the globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate were computed from manually traced ROIs including the largest central part of each structure. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Marked spatial variation was consistently visualized on quantitative susceptibility mapping and T2/T2*WI within each basal ganglia structure. MR imaging metrics correlated with each other for each basal ganglia structure individually. Notably, caudate and putamen quantitative susceptibility mapping metrics were similar, but the putamen R2 was larger than the caudate R2. This finding suggests that tissue features contribute differently to R2 and quantitative susceptibility mapping. Caudate and anterior putamen quantitative susceptibility mapping correlated with the Flanker but not Stroop measures; R2 did not correlate with inhibitory control measures. Putamen quantitative susceptibility mapping and caudate and putamen R2 correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Our study showed that quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2 may be complementary indicators for basal ganglia tissue changes in MS. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased performance of basal ganglia–reliant tasks involving inhibitory control is associated with increased quantitative susceptibility mapping.
Sandfly Fever in the Middle East
Authors: E. R. Cullinan, S. R. F. Whittaker
Journal: BMJ (1943)

JOURNAL 54 cream.The membrane remained intact for eight days, when it separated.The lower part of the arm had healed; all the rest of the original burnt areas were covered by brownish sloughs, which separated 11 days later, leaving granulating surfaces, which it was decided to graft.Case 8.-Female aged 27, seen as an out-patient 24 hours after scalding leg with boiling water.After cleaning, a membrane was applied, with almost immediately relief of pain.The membrane dried up, but two days later a small area in the centre became digested.Healing proceeded rapidly under the intact parts of the membrane, and was complete in 12 days.Experimental Burns Burns were produced on the upper part of the extensor surface of the forearms by the application of the end of a copper cylinder, I in. in diameter, through which hot water was-flowing.The apparatus was devised by Prof. R. A. Peteis (Leach, Peters, and Rossiter, 1943).The results are set out in tabular form below: Siubject I (R. G. M.) Time Left Arm Right Arm 0 56°C.applied for 45 seconds 56°C.for 50 seconds Blistering and detachment ofBlistering and detachment of cuticle over whole area.cuticle over whole area.30 mins.Covered by fibrin membrane Covered by fibrin membrane,
REPORT ON THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: DeLANCEY ROCHESTER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

This report covers in most of the cases a period of about eight months, in some of the cases a period of nearly two years. The various remedies, upon the use of which the report is made, are Edson's aseptolin, Paquin's tubercle antitoxin and Vaughan's nuclein. In all cases where the stomach does not rebel, cod liver oil was also used. Alcoholic stimulants have not been used, except as temporarily called for. Locally, inhalations, sprays and insufflations consisting of iodoform in ether and in powder, menthol in albolene, essence of peppermint and a mixture of acetanilid, carbolic acid and glycerite of tar according to the formula of Dr. R. P. Lincoln of New York City, have been used. In all cases reported the tubercle bacillus was found in the sputum. Following is the detailed statement of cases treated by aseptolin (which is a solution containing 3 per cent. of absolute
Support doctors who lead change programmes
Authors: R. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Everyone agrees that the NHS needs “transformational change” and more “clinical leadership.” Yet to many doctors the processes that purport to support and approve major change consist of a mountain of bureaucracy focused on political risk avoidance. Continually saying, “Yes, we will support this if you can only produce this further proof,” creates more and more hurdles, hindering change. It results in doctors who have led change programmes having to act like circus animals performing meaningless tricks and then being told that their act is not good enough. So in my benign dictatorship I would insist on “yes” meaning “Yes, we …
Cuffed Tracheotomy Tube to Prevent Aspiration
Authors: Stanley Stellar
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the past year, two patients, both critically ill after neurosurgical procedures that had resulted in multiple complications, died with a terminal episode of aspiration despite the presence of tracheotomies. In both cases, aspiration of stomach contents occurred in the presence of "adequately" functioning and "well-fitting" tracheotomy tubes. Special nursing care had been provided for both patients, and was available at all times. It was first thought that a tracheo-esophageal fistula had developed. Autopsies showed that this was untrue. The only reasonable postulate is that regurgitation of stomach contents took place in these patients whose cough and pharyngeal reflexes were depressed and that stomach contents then gravitated down through the trachea between the tracheotomy tube and tracheal wall and thus found their way into the bronchi and lungs. The overflow of gastric contents through the tracheotomy tube thus became visible to nurses and physicians in attendance. In
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Mimicking an Ectopic Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma Demonstrated by Tc-99m Sestamibi in a Hypercalcemic Patient
Authors: TZU-CHEN YEN, KAI-YUAN TZEN, CHI-MING LEE, CHENG-CHIEN TSAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Hypercalcemia was an incidental finding of a physical checkup in a 63-year-old woman. Laboratory data showed hypercalcemia, low serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level, and high serum c-terminal parathyroid hormone-related protein level. A Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) scan was performed to search for any hypercalcemia-related malignancy. An area of abnormal accumulation of MIBI in the right superior mediastinal region was noted. Because malignancy in the right superior mediastinum seemed certain, she had a CT. The results of the chest CT scan revealed an enlarged lymph node in the right upper mediastinum. Cytologic analysis during bronchoscopy showed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
Comparative Basic Cardiology
Authors: Paul F. Cranefield
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In progress for many years, this monumental work has been worth waiting for. It is a magnificently glorified review which succeeds in its author's aim of giving  as to the gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, embryology, electron microscopy, histochemistry, and electrophysiology of numerous species of hearts. Dr. Robb offers us information derived from the widest range of sources. She has explored the periodical literature with meticulous care; she has translated important excerpts from books and periodicals in many languages; and she has compiled an admirable bibliography which contains some 2,500 detailed citations.  The bulk of the book deals with anatomy. Every aspect of the anatomy of the heart is dealt with, species by species. Where no information was to be found, Dr. Robb often has made investigations herself. As one of its outstandingly useful features, the present volume reprints the illustrations from a very large number of articles and books
Dietary fibre and blood pressure
Authors: A. Wright, P G Burstyn, M J Gibney
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Ninety-four volunteers participated in a three-day weighed dietary survey and had their blood pressures measured once. They were classified according to their fibre intake. Subjects with a high-fibre intake were found to have lower mean blood pressures than those with a low-fibre intake. Forty-two of the volunteers further participated in a group of experiments. Those eating a high-fibre diet decreased their dietary fibre, and those eating a low-fibre diet increased their dietary fibre. The first group (11 subjects) showed increased mean blood pressures after four weeks of eating the experimental diet. The last group (31 subjects) showed decreased mean blood pressures after four weeks of eating the experimental diet. The 11 subjects consuming the low-fibre experimental diet showed a decrease in mean blood pressure when some of the saturated fat in their diet was replaced by polyunsaturated fat. A similar substitution carried out by 14 of the subjects consuming the high-fibre experimental diet also resulted in decreased mean blood pressure, but this was not statistically significant. Twelve more volunteers, with hypertension, were all found to have low-fibre diets. They consumed a high-fibre diet for a six-week experimental period, but their mean blood pressures did not decrease significantly; individual recordings varied substantially during this period.It is suggested that differences in the type and quantity of dietary fibre and fat may be responsible for the lower mean blood pressures of groups of vegetarians compared with similar groups of non-vegetarians.
THE TRICHO SYSTEM AGAIN
Authors: George Miller MacKee
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I saw the following Tricho Institute case yesterday in my clinic: Miss S. T., New York, a blonde with a fine complexion, gave a history of having received treatment at the Tricho Institute three years ago. There is now marked telangiectasia of the chin and anterior neck, with a little on the sides of the neck, which is very disfiguring. The telangiectasia did not appear until two years after treatment and has been getting steadily worse. There is also a little atrophy. In spite of all this, the woman still has considerable hair in the area involved! [Comment.—This makes the twentieth case of disfiguring x-ray burns following the use of the Tricho System for the removal of hair that has been reported in The Journal. How much longer will the health authorities of the country permit beauty parlors to continue to use Albert C. Geyser's dangerous and
Abstract 1508: Gene expression analysis of perfusable nodules grown on <i>ex vivo</i> 3D model shows effects on extracellular matrix, cell signaling and immune response.
Authors: Dhruva K. Mishra, Chad Creighton, Yiqun Zhang, Don L. Gibbons, Jonathan M. Kurie, Min P. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor microenvironment plays a very important role in regulating the cell behavior within a tissue, largely by interacting with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recently, our lab has developed a novel ex vivo lung model that forms perfusable tumor nodules, which mimic human lung cancer histopathology and protease secretion patterns better than tumor cells grown on a petri dish. In this study, we have compared the genome-wide gene expression profiles (Affymetrix 430_2) and protein arrays (Reverse phase protein array or RPPA) of 2D (monolayer) culture versus our ex vivo 3D cell culture using 393p cells, derived from mice lung cancer. Expression array data showed a set 1314 gene probes differentially expressed between monolayer 2D culture and 3D ex vivo cell culture. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed genes showed the upregulation of several genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM1, BMP15, FMOD, cathepsin, MMP9, MMP10), cell signaling (VEGFA, TGFB2, FGF20), and immune response (C1, C3, MHC class II, IL1α, IL1RA, IL13, TNF receptor superfamily, CXCL2). Selected genes were also validated using real time PCR. We found 46 proteins with significant (p&amp;lt;0.01) differential levels in 2D vs 3D cell cultures of 393p. The proteins associated with extracellular matrix (Collagen VI, Caveolin1, Fibronectin) and cell signaling (mTOR, p38 (phosphorylated), Caspase 7 (Cleaved), BAD (phosphorylated), PI3K) were upregulated in 3D ex vivo cell culture compared to conventional 2D culture. Thus, our results showed the insightful influence of the 3D ex vivo model and its three-dimensional perfusable environment over cell growth and its behavior in terms of significant differences in gene expression and protein patterns as compared to the same cells grown on conventional 2D cell cultures. Citation Format: Dhruva K. Mishra, Chad Creighton, Yiqun Zhang, Don L. Gibbons, Jonathan M. Kurie, Min P. Kim. Gene expression analysis of perfusable nodules grown on ex vivo 3D model shows effects on extracellular matrix, cell signaling and immune response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1508. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1508
Is it unethical for doctors to encourage healthy adults to donate a kidney to a stranger? Yes
Authors: W. Glannon
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Walter Glannon</b> argues that doctors should not encourage their patients to put themselves at risk for the benefit of others, but <b>Antonia Cronin</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7140) believes that encouraging altruistic donation is legitimate
Specificities of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Women Who Have Never Smoked
Authors: Julien Mazières, Isabelle Rouquette, Benoit Lepage, Julie Milia, Laurent Brouchet, Nicolas Guibert, Michèle Beau-Faller, Pierre Validire, Paul Hofman, Pierre Fouret
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Abstract 3426: The lower incidence of loss of IGF2 imprinting, but not that of WT1, WTX or CTNNB1 abnormality may cause different incidence rates of Wilms tumor between Japanese and Caucasian populations
Authors: Masayuki Haruta, Yasuhito Arai, Shohei Honda, Junjiro Ohshima, Fumio Kasai, Hidenobu Soejima, Hajime Okita, Jun-ichi Hata, Masahiro Fukuzawa, Yasuhiko Kaneko
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Incidence rates of Wilms tumor (WT) markedly differ among ethnic groups; the epidemiological studies showed that the incidence of WT in Japanese children is about half of that of WT in Caucasian children. In Hawaii and Britain, the rates of WT in Asian descent were less than two-third or a half of those in Caucasian children, and these findings suggest that the different incidences of WT may be caused by genetic factor(s), but not by environmental factor(s). Development of WT is associated with mutations of certain genes, including WT1, WTX and CTNNB1, and abnormal expression of IGF2, namely, loss of imprinting (LOI). The frequency of these abnormalities occurs in 10-15% (WT1), 7-15% (WTX), 5-13% (CTNNB1) and 30-60% (IGF2 LOI) of sporadic WTs based on the studies in North-American or European children. To demonstrate the molecular characteristic in Japanese WT, we examined mutations/deletions of WT1, WTX and CTNNB1 using Southern blot, SNP array, sequencing and/or real-time PCR, and expression pattern of IGF2 using the ApaI polymorphism site in exon 9 and the methylation status of the CTCF binding site 6 at H19-differential methylated region (DMR) in 101 sporadic and 13 syndromic WTs in Japanese children. Abnormalities of WT1, WTX or CTNNB1 were detected in 24 (23.8%), 24 (23.8%), and 21 (20.8%)of 101 sporadic WTs, respectively, and in 13 (100%), 0, and 10 (76.9%) of 13 syndromic WTs, respectively. LOI of IGF2 was found in 24 (23.8%) of sporadic WTs and in 1 (7.7%) of syndromic WTs. Thus, the incidence of WT1, WTX or CTNNB1 abnormality was higher, but that of LOI of IGF2 was lower in Japanese children than in Caucasian counterparts. Because the incidence of WT in Japanese children is about half of that of WT in Caucasian ones, the population-based incidences of WT1, WTX or CTNNB1 abnormality may be similar between the two ethnic groups. In contrast, the incidence rate of IGF2-LOI in Japanese children was lower than those of IGF2-LOI in Caucasian children, and the difference in the population-based incidences is much larger. A recent study of 47 Japanese patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome revealed a significantly lower frequency of H19-DMR hypermethylation in Japanese patients than in North American and European patients (Sasaki et al, Eur J Hum Genet 2007). This and the present findings suggest that susceptibility to epigenetic alterations differs between Japanese and Caucasian populations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3426.
Fall in Plasma Content of Free Fatty Acids Associated with Sight of Food
Authors: S. B. Penick, Helen Prince, Lawrence E. Hinkle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

A RELATION between blood glucose and free fatty acids in the blood has been known since Dole's1 paper was published in 1956. In the postabsorptive state, when readily available carbohydrate stores have been exhausted, free fatty acids are mobilized from fat stores by hydrolysis of triglycerides under the influence of the sympathetic nervous system, by the mediation of both epinephrine and norepinephrine. This increased mobilization is reflected in relatively high levels of free fatty acids in plasma. In the immediate postprandial state, with elevated blood glucose levels and easily available carbohydrate, mobilization of free fatty acids decreases and relatively low . . .
Hepatic lipid droplet biology: Getting to the root of fatty liver
Authors: Douglas G. Mashek, Salmaan A. Khan, Aishwarya Sathyanarayan, Jonathan M. Ploeger, Mallory P. Franklin
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Hepatic steatosis is defined by the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs). Once thought to be only inert energy storage depots, LDs are increasingly recognized as organelles that have important functions in hepatocytes beyond lipid storage. The lipid and protein composition of LDs is highly dynamic and influences their intrinsic metabolism and signaling properties, which ultimately links them to the changes in hepatic function. This concise review highlights recent discoveries in LD biology and unique aspects of hepatic LDs and their role in liver disease. (H epatology 2015;62:964–967)
Elevated frequencies of highly activated CD4+ T cells in HIV+ patients developing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Lis R. V. Antonelli, Yolanda Mahnke, Jessica N. Hodge, Brian O. Porter, Daniel L. Barber, Rebecca DerSimonian, Jamieson H. Greenwald, Gregg Roby, JoAnn Mican, Alan Sher, Mario Roederer, Irini Sereti
Journal: Blood (2010)
RELATIONSHIP OF SYNTAX SCORE WITH MARKERS OF VASCULAR INFLAMMATION
Authors: Saurabh Rajpal, Mohammad A. Rana, Elvis Peter, Shivang Shah, Sibile Pardue, Henock Gebregziabher, Pavan Katikaneni, Jai Varma, Nuri Akkus, Chris Kevil
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
BETA 1-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISM DOES NOT INFLUENCE HEART RATE RESPONSE DURING DOBUTAMINE-ATROPINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Vlad Cotarlan, Alessandra Brofferio, Jennifer Sartorius, Glenn Gerhard, Xin Chu, Valerie Butcher, Sharon Stein, Jamshid Shirani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Combined endoscopic approach in the treatment of benign broncho-oesophageal fistula
Authors: G De Luca, S Griffo, M Monaco, G Fraioli, L Di Tommaso, P Stassano
Journal: Thorax (2008)

The treatment of benign broncho-oesophageal fistula is usually surgical but sometimes other methods of treatment are preferred. The case history is described of an adult in poor general condition in which an endoscopic approach combined with the use of fibrin glue on the bronchial side and metallic clips on the oesophageal side was used to close the fistula.