tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum alkaline ribonuclease derived from vascular endothelial cells is raised in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis.
Authors: M Oribe, M Shingu, M Nobunaga
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

We investigated the mechanisms of the marked increase of alkaline ribonuclease (RNase) in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with vasculitis. Among various tissues examined, blood vessels contained higher levels of alkaline RNase than acid RNase. Cultured human endothelial cells contained significantly higher amounts of alkaline RNase than acid RNase. In contrast, acid RNase was predominant in most other tissues and cells. Endothelial cells cultured with sera from patients with vasculitis released alkaline RNase into the extracellular medium. The phosphocellulose chromatographic profile of these sera differed from that of sera from healthy subjects. These results imply that the alkaline RNase in sera of patients with vasculitis is derived from blood vessels, probably from endothelial cells.
More transparency in reviewing is called for
Authors: H. Seligmann
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–The recent calls for boycotting Israeli science assume that Israeli authors are as likely to publish as others.1 In fact, nations are differentially represented in scientific journals.

The total number of publications from a given country might be expected to correlate positively with the number from that country in any given journal. Data on the publication trends during 1973-2002 show for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and Science …
NERVE SUTURE FOR BULLET WOUNDS
Authors: R. A. Stoney, H. Meade
Journal: BMJ (1915)

Lecdbuck 19 3 Wild cat 3 0 Oribi ,, 26 1 Porcupine 1 0Three other species patlhogenic to the domuestic aninimals are also found-Trypanosona pecorztnt, Trypanosomcn simiac, and Trypanosoma capp-ae-Trypanosomta pecorum in 14.4 per cent.;Trypanosorna simiae in 1.7 per cent.;and Trypanosoma calprae in 11.1 per cent. of the wild
Assessment of ventilation-perfusion mismatching in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: M Ferrer, E Zavala, O Diaz, J Roca, PD Wagner, R Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) is a robust tool to assess both ventilation-perfusion (V'A/Q') distributions and the role of extrapulmonary factors determining arterial oxygenation during spontaneous breathing and in mechanically ventilated patients. Mixed expired gas sampling used in the MIGET is most often obtained from a 10-L mixing box (10L-MB) placed in the expiratory side of the ventilator circuit. Consequently, a considerable increase in the compression volume (Vc) would be expected which, in turn, can give rise to potential errors in the estimation of the effective tidal volume delivered to the patient. The effects of the 10L-MB on the Vc were compared with those produced by a newly designed 1-L, mixing box (IL-MB). At a given peak pressure (Ppeak) within the ventilator circuit, the Vc generated by the 10L-MB was about six-times higher than that produced by the 1L-MB. At a Ppeak =50 cmH2O, the Vc were 377 mL (10L-MB) and 67 mL (1L-MB) (p<0.001). In six patients, the mixed expired partial pressures of the six inert gases simultaneously collected from the two mixing boxes fell on the identity line. V'A/Q' distributions recovered using each of the two mixing boxes were equivalent. With the IL-MB, the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure levels (0, 6 and 12 cmH2O) on Vc and arterial carbon dioxide tension were negligible. In conclusion, the new 1-L mixing box provides efficient gas mixing and substantially decreases the compression volume. It is, therefore, recommended when studies requiring mixed expired gas are performed in ventilated patients.
Ectopic pregnancies in a Caesarean scar: review of the medical approach to an iatrogenic complication
Authors: R. Maymon, R. Halperin, S. Mendlovic, D. Schneider, A. Herman
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2004)

Implantation of a pregnancy within a Caesarean fibrous tissue scar is considered to be the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy and a life-threatening condition. We conducted a computer search of the English literature of all studies since 2002 to gather updated data on the outcome of such pregnancies. Sixty-six new cases were reported since 2002, possibly reflecting the increasing number of Caesareans currently being performed as well as the more widespread use of the transvaginal scan allowing their earlier detection. Analysis of these women's obstetric history revealed that those at risk for pregnancy in a Caesarean scar appear to have a history of dilatation and curettage, placental pathology, ectopic pregnancy, and IVF. Twenty-one out of 39 for which this information was available (54%) had undergone multiple (> or =2) Caesareans and 13 had previous dilatation and curettage, which might also be an associated factor. We review and discuss the features of contemporary work-ups, including a high index of awareness, a detailed history and a skillful ultrasound examination for an early and accurate diagnosis. Healthcare professionals should be familiar with the possibility of untoward sequelae and how a modern work-up can help in guiding conservative options, thus reducing morbidity and preserving fertility.
Interleukin-1 and IL-23 Induce Innate IL-17 Production from γδ T Cells, Amplifying Th17 Responses and Autoimmunity
Authors: Caroline E. Sutton, Stephen J. Lalor, Cheryl M. Sweeney, Corinna F. Brereton, Ed C. Lavelle, Kingston H.G. Mills
Journal: Immunity (2009)
BLOOD DESTRUCTION DURING EXERCISE
Authors: G. O. Broun
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

The following changes have been demonstrated to take place in the blood of dogs during exercise. 1. An increase in the per cent of cells and hemoglobin in the blood of the jugular vein occurs early in the course of exercise. It probably results from a redistribution of red corpuscles, with an increase in their proportion in the peripheral blood. 2. As exercise is continued, there is a definite increase in plasma volume. 3. A coincident decrease both in the total cell volume and the pigment volume during prolonged exercise suggests that blood destruction then occurs.
α6β2* and α4β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors As Drug Targets for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Maryka Quik, Susan Wonnacott
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2011)

Parkinson9s disease is a debilitating movement disorder characterized by a generalized dysfunction of the nervous system, with a particularly prominent decline in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Although there is currently no cure, drugs targeting the dopaminergic system provide major symptomatic relief. As well, agents directed to other neurotransmitter systems are of therapeutic benefit. Such drugs may act by directly improving functional deficits in these other systems, or they may restore aberrant motor activity that arises as a result of a dopaminergic imbalance. Recent research attention has focused on a role for drugs targeting the nicotinic cholinergic systems. The rationale for such work stems from basic research findings that there is an extensive overlap in the organization and function of the nicotinic cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in the basal ganglia. In addition, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) drugs could have clinical potential for Parkinson9s disease. Evidence for this proposition stems from studies with experimental animal models showing that nicotine protects against neurotoxin-induced nigrostriatal damage and improves motor complications associated with l-DOPA, the "gold standard" for Parkinson9s disease treatment. Nicotine interacts with multiple central nervous system receptors to generate therapeutic responses but also produces side effects. It is important therefore to identify the nAChR subtypes most beneficial for treating Parkinson9s disease. Here we review nAChRs with particular emphasis on the subtypes that contribute to basal ganglia function. Accumulating evidence suggests that drugs targeting α6β2* and α4β2* nAChR may prove useful in the management of Parkinson9s disease.
Single nucleotide polymorphism associations with response and toxic effects in patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma treated with first-line sunitinib: a multicentre, observational, prospective study
Authors: Jesus Garcia-Donas, Emilio Esteban, Luis Javier Leandro-García, Daniel E Castellano, Aranzazu González del Alba, Miguel Angel Climent, José Angel Arranz, Enrique Gallardo, Javier Puente, Joaquim Bellmunt, Begoña Mellado, Esther Martínez, Fernando Moreno, Albert Font, Mercedes Robledo, Cristina Rodríguez-Antona
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
Biochemical changes associated with development and reversal of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: S. SEN, R. C. TARAZI, F. M. BUMPUS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

This study is the first report describing the sequence of biochemical alterations of myocardium during the progression of naturally occurring hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and then with its reversal by α-methyldopa therapy. Changes in DNA, RNA, hydroxyproline, as well as incorporation of 14C lysine into cardiac myosin, were compared with the pattern found in suitably matched controls. A significant increase in RNA, hydroxy-proline, and 14C incorporation was observed in SHRs. Antihypertensive treatment caused reversal of hypertrophy and normalization of all biochemical parameters except hydroxyproline, the concentration of which increased significantly as myocardial weight decreased. These compositional changes may help explain the conflicting result of the haemodynamic effects of cardiac hypertrophy.
Reporting of patient-reported outcomes in recent trials in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review
Authors: U Kalyoncu, M Dougados, J-P Daurès, L Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Objectives: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been increasingly recognised as important in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of use of different PROs in recently published RA articles and to compare the tools used through a systemic literature review. Methods: (1) Data source: In PUBMED MEDLINE database, articles reporting any type of clinical study for adult patients with RA, published between February 2005 and February 2007, and reporting any type of PRO. Articles were excluded if they did not concern adult RA or if they did not report any PROs. (2) Data extraction: demographic characteristics of patients, study design, treatment assessed and all PROs. (3) Data analysis: descriptive. Results: Of 109 reports, 50 (45%) were randomised controlled trials and 59 were other types of studies. A total of 63 questionnaires or tools for PROs were used, corresponding to 14 domains of health. Frequently reported domains (and most frequent tools) were: function, 83% (most frequent tool, health assessment questionnaire, HAQ); patient global assessment, 61% (most frequent tool, visual analogue scale, VAS); pain, 56% (VAS); and morning stiffness 27%. Domains such as fatigue, coping or sleep disturbance were infrequently reported. Conclusions: PROs are reported with great heterogeneity in recently published trials in RA. Some domains that appear important from the patient’s perspective are infrequently reported. Further work is needed in this field.
Effects of PEEP on liver arterial and venous blood flows.
Authors: N Brienza, J P Revelly, T Ayuse, J L Robotham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Total venous return decreases with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). It is likely that the liver plays an important role in this response, either through the development of an increase in venous resistance or through an increase in the venous backpressure at the outflow end of the liver. In addition, hepatic arterial flow is reported to be selectively decreased by the application of PEEP. Therefore, to clarify the effects of PEEP on liver hemodynamics, we generated pressure-flow (P-Q) relationships in both liver vascular beds of anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs at PEEP of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O to obtain values of backpressure (Pback, mm Hg) from linear extrapolation of the P-Q relationships and resistance (mm Hg/ml/min/kg) from its slope. PEEP decreased portal vein flow (Qpv) and caused an increase in the liver venous resistance (from 0.08 +/- 0.01 to 0.16 +/- 0.02 mm Hg/ml/min/kg; p < 0.05). Ppvback and right atrial pressure (Pra) increased equally (from 5.1 +/- 0.3 to 9.9 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, p < 0.05, and from 4.0 +/- 0.2 to 8.6 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, p < 0.05, respectively, at PEEP 15). The reduction in portal venous flow was related to an increase in the backpressure to flow (as a result of an increase in Pra) and to an increase in liver venous resistances that may cause blood pooling in the splanchnic compartment and decrease venous return through the liver. PEEP increased Phaback (from 11.2 +/- 0.9 to 14.5 +/- 0.7 mm Hg at PEEP 15, p < 0.05) but did not change hepatic arterial resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
VCAM-1 serum levels are associated with arthropathy in hereditary haemochromatosis
Authors: Valerie Nell-Duxneuner, Roland Axmann, Emma Husar-Memmer, Tomáš Dallos, Christian Datz, Andreas Stadlmayr, Elmar Aigner, Matthias Englbrecht, Georg Schett, Jochen Zwerina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the role of vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) with or without arthropathy. Methods Sera from a large cross-sectional cohort of unselected HH patients (n=147) were obtained and compared to an age-matched and sex-matched control group. Serum levels of VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA and were correlated with clinical measures. Results VCAM-1 serum levels were elevated in HH patients as compared to matched controls (mean 913±456 vs 654±451 ng/ml, p&lt;0.0001). Within the HH patient group, VCAM-1 levels were much higher in patients with arthropathy and joint replacement surgery. VCAM-1 levels correlated well with radiographic measures of HH arthropathy (r=0.36, p&lt;0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed a highly significant association of VCAM-1 serum levels and the presence of HH arthropathy, independent from diabetes, body mass index and age. Conclusions VCAM-1 serum levels emerge as a biomarker for haemochromatosis arthropathy.
Physical and psychological evaluation of 'non-organic' abdominal pain.
Authors: O W Hill, L Blendis
Journal: Gut (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT A study of the psychiatric background of patients with abdominal pain without demonstrable physical disease.The patients came from significantly larger sibships than a control population and scored high for 'neuroticism'.The patients' symptoms often began in a setting of bereavement or some other upheaval in their lives.A number of patients were considerably depressed when seen and treatment for depression was followed by disappearance of pain.This offers an important therapeutic approach in many patients.
K201 modulates excitation–contraction coupling and spontaneous Ca2+ release in normal adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: C LOUGHREY, N OTANI, T SEIDLER, M CRAIG, R MATSUDA, N KANEKO, G SMITH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The drug K201 (JTV-519) increases inotropy and suppresses arrhythmias in failing hearts, but the effects of K201 on normal hearts is unknown.The effect of K201 on excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in normal myocardium was studied by using voltage-clamp and intracellular Ca(2+) measurements in intact cells. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function was assessed using permeabilised cardiomyocytes.Acute application of <1 micromol/L K201 had no significant effect on E-C coupling. K201 at 1 micromol/L decreased Ca(2+) transient amplitude (to 83+/-7%) without affecting I(Ca,L) or the SR Ca(2+) content. At 3 micromol/L K201 caused a larger reduction of Ca(2+) transient amplitude (to 60+/-7%) with accompanying reductions in I(Ca,L) amplitude (to 66+/-8%) and SR Ca(2+) content (74+/-9%). Spontaneous SR Ca(2+) release during diastole was induced by increasing intracellular [Ca(2+)]. At 1 micromol/L K201 reduced the frequency of spontaneous Ca(2+) release. The effect of K201 on SR-mediated Ca(2+) waves and Ca(2+) sparks was examined in beta-escin-permeabilised cardiomyocytes by confocal microscopy. K201 (1 micromol/L) reduced the frequency and velocity of SR Ca(2+) waves despite no change in SR Ca(2+) content. At 3 micromol/L K201 completely abolished Ca(2+) waves and reduced the SR Ca(2+) content (to approximately 73%). K201 at 1 micromol/L reduced Ca(2+) spark amplitude and frequency. Assays specific to SR Ca(2+)-ATPase and RyR2 activity indicated that K201 inhibited both SR Ca(2+) uptake and release.K201 modifies E-C coupling in normal cardiomyocytes. A dual inhibitory action on SERCA and RyR2 explains the ability of K201 to suppress spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) release during Ca(2+) overload without significantly affecting Ca(2+) transient amplitude.
Complex Actions of Sex Steroids in Adipose Tissue, the Cardiovascular System, and Brain: Insights from Basic Science and Clinical Studies
Authors: Judith L. Turgeon, Molly C. Carr, Pauline M. Maki, Michael E. Mendelsohn, Phyllis M. Wise
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2006)

Recent publications describing the results of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) and other studies reporting the impact of hormone therapy on aging women have spurred reexamination of the broad use of estrogens and progestins during the postmenopausal years. Here, we review the complex pharmacology of these hormones, the diverse and sometimes opposite effects that result from the use of different estrogenic and progestinic compounds, given via different delivery routes in different concentrations and treatment sequence, and to women of different ages and health status. We examine our new and growing appreciation of the role of estrogens in the immune system and the inflammatory response, and we pose the concept that estrogen’s interface with this system may be at the core of some of the effects on multiple physiological systems, such as the adipose/metabolic system, the cardiovascular system, and the central nervous system. We compare and contrast clinical and basic science studies as we focus on the actions of estrogens in these systems because the untoward effects of hormone therapy reported in the WHI were not expected. The broad interpretation and publicity of the results of the WHI have resulted in a general condemnation of all hormone replacement in postmenopausal women. In fact, careful review of the extensive literature suggests that data resulting from the WHI and other recent studies should be interpreted within the narrow context of the study design. We argue that these results should encourage us to perform new studies that take advantage of a dialogue between basic scientists and clinician scientists to ensure appropriate design, incorporation of current knowledge, and proper interpretation of results. Only then will we have a better understanding of what hormonal compounds should be used in which populations of women and at what stages of menopausal/postmenopausal life.
The use of the basic fuchsin stain in the recognition of early myocardial ischaemia
Authors: A. NAYAR, E. G. J. OLSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

A retrospective study evaluating haematoxylin basic fuchsin picric acid stain (HBFP) on necropsy material from 60 patients (1963 to 1970) has been undertaken. All had died of presumed myocardial infarction. Time before death varied between 30 minutes and 5 hours –too short for diagnostic histological appearances to develop. Results show that this stain is consistent and reliable.
Neuroimmune Regulation of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Claudia C. dos Santos, Yuexin Shan, Ali Akram, Arthur S. Slutsky, Jack J. Haitsma
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) contributes to the mortality in patients with acute lung injury by increasing inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that stimulation of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway may be an attractive way to attenuate inflammatory injury.To determine the role of vagus nerve signaling in VILI and establish whether stimulation of the vagus reflex can mitigate VILI.We performed bilateral vagotomy in a mouse model of high-tidal volume-induced lung injury. We performed pharmacological and electrical vagus nerve stimulation in a rat model of VILI following ischemia/reperfusion injury. To determine the contribution of the alpha 7 acetylcholine nicotinic receptor to pulmonary cell injury, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells to cyclic stretch in the presence of specific agonist or antagonist of the alpha 7 receptor.Vagotomy exacerbates lung injury from VILI in mice as demonstrated by increased wet-to-dry ratio, infiltration of neutrophils, and increased IL-6. Vagal stimulation attenuates lung injury in rats after ischemia/reperfusion injury ventilated with high-volume strategies. Treatment of both mice and rats with the vagus mimetic drug semapimod resulted in decreased lung injury. Vagotomy also increased pulmonary apoptosis, whereas vagus stimulation (electrical and pharmacological) attenuated VILI-induced apoptosis. In vitro studies suggest that vagus-dependent effects on inflammation and apoptosis are mediated via the α7 nicotinc acetylcholine receptor-dependent effects on cyclic stretch-dependent signaling pathways c-jun N-terminal kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6.Stimulation of the cholinergic antiinflammatory reflex may represent a promising alternative for the treatment of VILI.
TV: Lesbian doctors get a role model
Authors: J. de Gruchy
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A new story line in the current season of ER (Channel 4, Wednesdays at 9 pm), the American emergency room drama, focuses on lesbian doctors. In an episode entitled “Witch hunt,” shown on 6 June, lesbian psychiatrist Kim Legaspi was suspended following allegations of sexual harassment made by a suicidal patient struggling with her sexual identity. Dr Legaspi's apparent mistake was to disclose her own sexuality to the patient as a way of helping the woman.

While somewhat contrived, this developing storyline enables the programme to confront the issues faced by openly gay clinicians. The spotlight on Dr Legaspi's sexuality threatens to throw open the closet doors of Kerry Weaver, the previously heterosexual head of the …