tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effects of Psychotherapy
Authors: Rolf Sandell
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Ratings of 'Change after Psychotherapy' (CHAP) in a group of psychologists and a group of psychology students are found to have generally acceptable or high reliability and concordant validity. Factor analyses of the change scales yield basically a common factor, splitting at a higher level into an outer, behavioral, and an inner, intrapsychic change factor, the former indicated by the 'symptoms' and 'adaptive capacity' scales and the latter by the 'self-insight' and 'basic conflict' scales. Factor analyses also support the construct validity of the 'extratherapeutic conditions' scale. This indicates that summing the change scales will yield a measure of nonspecific change, like global change ratings, whereas the adjusted sum will measure more specifically psychotherapeutic change. A scalogram analysis of the change scales reveals a cumulative pattern that is open to theoretically opposed interpretations about the process relations between inner and outer change.
Genetic Control of Phenylbutazone Metabolism in Man
Authors: J. A. Whittaker, D. A. P. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The purposes of the present investigation were to assess the genetic contribution to thevariability between individuals in the rate at which they metabolize phenylbutazone and to characterize the type of inheritance that controls the metabolism of the drug. The 155 persons investigated included 43 unrelated random individual subjects and the members of 28 two-generation family units. None of these subjects had taken drugs in the six months preceding the experiments. Each subject ingested an oral dose of phenylbutazone and the plasma half-life of the drug was determined. These non-pretreated plasma phenylbutazone half-lives suggest the existence of polygenic control, but the value of the data is marred by the frequency distribution being very skewed. The 142 persons given a second test, included 41 unrelated random subjects and 24 two-generation family units. A three-day course of oral phenobarbitone was followed by an oral dose of phenylbutazone and the plasma half-life of the latter determined. The phenobarbitone was given with the aim of “inducing” drugmetabolizing enzymes in the liver, thus rendering the environment more uniform. When the post-phenobarbitone half-lives were adjusted to a standard height they were approximately normally distributed. There was a significant regression of mean offspring value on mid-parent value, indicating that about 65% of the observed phenotypic variance of post-phenobarbitone plasma phenylbutazone half-lives is due to the additive effects of genes. Phenylbutazone metabolism in man is thus shown to be under polygenic control, and genetically controlled in a similar manner and to a similar degree to body height. Improved understanding of phenylbutazone metabolism may lead to improved therapeutic efficacy and a lower incidence of adverse reactions.
Melanocortin-4 Receptors Expressed by Cholinergic Neurons Regulate Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Jari Rossi, Nina Balthasar, David Olson, Michael Scott, Eric Berglund, Charlotte E. Lee, Michelle J. Choi, Danielle Lauzon, Bradford B. Lowell, Joel K. Elmquist
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Preferential Localization of Human Adherent Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells in Tumor Microcirculation
Authors: A. Sasaki, R. J. Melder, T. L. Whiteside, R. B. Herberman, R. K. Jain
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Preferential Localization of Human Adherent Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells in Tumor Microcirculation Get access Akihiko Sasaki, Akihiko Sasaki 1Microcirculation Lanoratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert J. Melder, Robert J. Melder 1Microcirculation Lanoratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Theresa L. Whiteside, Theresa L. Whiteside 2Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of PittsburghPa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald B. Herberman, Ronald B. Herberman 2Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of PittsburghPa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rakesh K. Jain Rakesh K. Jain * 1Microcirculation Lanoratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, Pa Present address: A. Sasaki, Department of Physiological Hygiene, The Institute for Public Health, Tokyo 108, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 6, 20 March 1991, Pages 433–437, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.6.433 Published: 20 March 1991 Article history Received: 13 September 1990 Revision received: 06 December 1990 Accepted: 17 December 1990 Published: 20 March 1991
Teaching New Tricks to an Old Foe: Murinizing Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Gisa Gerold, Charles M. Rice, Alexander Ploss
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) naturally infects only humans and chimpanzees. The determinants responsible for this narrow species tropism are not well defined. Virus cell entry involves human scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), CD81, claudin-1 and occludin. Among these, at least CD81 and occludin are utilized in a highly species-specific fashion, thus contributing to the narrow host range of HCV. We adapted HCV to mouse CD81 and identified three envelope glycoprotein mutations which together enhance infection of cells with mouse or other rodent receptors approximately 100-fold. These mutations enhanced interaction with human CD81 and increased exposure of the binding site for CD81 on the surface of virus particles. These changes were accompanied by augmented susceptibility of adapted HCV to neutralization by E2-specific antibodies indicative of major conformational changes of virus-resident E1/E2-complexes. Neutralization with CD81, SR-BI- and claudin-1-specific antibodies and knock down of occludin expression by siRNAs indicate that the adapted virus remains dependent on these host factors but apparently utilizes CD81, SR-BI and occludin with increased efficiency. Importantly, adapted E1/E2 complexes mediate HCV cell entry into mouse cells in the absence of human entry factors. These results further our knowledge of HCV receptor interactions and indicate that three glycoprotein mutations are sufficient to overcome the species-specific restriction of HCV cell entry into mouse cells. Moreover, these findings should contribute to the development of an immunocompetent small animal model fully permissive to HCV.
Multi-center evaluation of the LCX HCV RNA quantitative assay
Authors: J.-M. Pawlotsky, W. Jilg, A.R. Zanetti, M. Bouvier-Alias, B. Hottenträger, L. Romanò, L. Lennartz, R. Ofsaiof, D. Campbell, G. Leckie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Diesel exhaust particle induction of IL-17A contributes to severe asthma
Authors: Eric B. Brandt, Melinda Butsch Kovacic, Gerald B. Lee, Aaron M. Gibson, Thomas H. Acciani, Timothy D. Le Cras, Patrick H. Ryan, Alison L. Budelsky, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Activation of c-Src gene product in hepatocellular carcinoma is highly correlated with the indices of early stage phenotype
Authors: Yasuhiro Ito, Hisaaki Kawakatsu, Tsutomu Takeda, Masato Sakon, Hiroaki Nagano, Takao Sakai, Eiji Miyoshi, Katsuhisa Noda, Masahiko Tsujimoto, Ken-ichi Wakasa, Morito Monden, Nariaki Matsuura
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Acute life‐threatening cardiovascular toxicity with umbilical cord blood infusion: The role of dextran
Authors: Robert W. Ma, John M. Kwan, David D. Ma, Keith C. Fay
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is being increasingly used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to its immediate availability. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dextran-40 are commonly used for processing and cryopreservation of UCB. Adverse UCB infusion-related events are usually mild. However, reports of severe life-threatening events are now emerging. DMSO has been proposed as a possible cause of infusion-related reactions. In this report, we draw attention to an acute near-fatal reaction with UCB infusions resulting in myocardial ischemia and acute renal failure. We propose that dextran-40 in UCB infusion products be considered as a potential causative agent contributing to this infusion-related reaction, based on reports of known adverse reactions to dextran-40 in non-transplant settings.
Lymphangiogenesis, Lymphatic Endothelial Cells and Lymphatic Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer — A Review of Mechanisms
Authors: Zhuang Zhang, Joseph I Helman, Long‐jiang Li
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2010)

Lymphatic metastasis is a continuous and complicated process. The detailed mechanisms of lymphatic metastasis are still not very clear, despite considerable research efforts in recent years. Previously, it was commonly accepted that there were no lymphatic vessels in the primary tumor. However, recent studies have demonstrated that lymphatic vessels are detectable in certain types of cancer, and more and more evidence has shown that cancer cells invade into local lymph nodes mainly via peritumoral lymphatic vessels. Moreover, activated endothelial cells may also be important, having an influence on lymphatic metastasis of cancer cells. This article, based on recent research findings, provides an in‐depth discussion of the relationship between lymphangiogenesis, tumor‐derived lymphatic endothelial cells and lymphatic metastasis in head and neck cancer.
ABC of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic therapy for cerebrovascular disorders
Authors: G. Y H Lip
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability throughout the world. It is the third commonest cause of death in developed countries, exceeded only by coronary artery disease and cancer.



Annual risk of stroke or vascular death among patients in various high risk subgroups



The incidence of stroke is 1-2 cases in 1000 people a year in the Western world, and is probably slightly higher among African-Caribbeans than other ethnic groups. Cerebrovascular disorders are uncommon in people aged  75 in a year. Stroke is slightly more common in men, but women tend to have a poorer prognosis because of a higher mean age at onset. The incidence of stroke has been declining in recent decades in many Western countries because of better population control of hypertension, smoking, and other risk factors. However, the absolute number of strokes continues to increase because of the ageing population, which is predicted to peak in 2015. Thus, the present annual incidence of 700 000 strokes in the United States is expected to rise to 1 100 000 in 2015, without further advances in prevention.

About 80-85% of the strokes are ischaemic, with the rest primarily haemorrhagic. Even among patients with ischaemic stroke, there is much heterogeneity in aetiological and pathophysiological factors contributing to the disease.



Classification of stroke by mechanism, with estimates of the frequency of various categories of abnormalities



Atherosclerosis of the major cerebral vessels probably accounts for most ischaemic strokes, either as thrombotic occlusion at the site of atherosclerotic plaques or atherogenic embolism. Embolism from a source in the heart (cardioembolic stroke) and lipohyalinosis of the penetrating small cerebral vessels (lacunar stroke) account for a substantial proportion of …
Positive cardiac inotropic effect of albumin infusion in rodents with cirrhosis and ascites: molecular mechanisms
Authors: Alessia Bortoluzzi, Giulio Ceolotto, Elisabetta Gola, Antonietta Sticca, Sergio Bova, Filippo Morando, Salvatore Piano, Silvano Fasolato, Silvia Rosi, Angelo Gatta, Paolo Angeli
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and molecular mechanism of albumin infusion on cardiac contractility in experimental cirrhosis with ascites. Cardiac contractility was recorded ex vivo in rats with cirrhosis and ascites and in control rats after the injection in the caudal vein of albumin, saline, or hydroxyethyl starch (HES). Gene and protein expression of β-receptors and pathways involved in their intracellular signaling such as Gα(i2) protein (Gα(i2)), adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3), protein expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were evaluated in cardiac tissue in both groups. Phosphorylation and membrane-translocation of the cytosolic components of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H)-oxidase and translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were also evaluated. After saline intravenous injection, cardiac contractility was significantly reduced in rats with cirrhosis as compared to control rats (P < 0.01). This was associated with: (1) increased expression of protein Gα(i2) (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.05), iNOS (P < 0.05); (2) increased NAD(P)H-oxidase activity (P < 0.05); (3) increased nuclear translocation of NF-κB (P < 0.05); and (4) lower expression of Adcy 3 (P < 0.05) in cardiac tissue of rats with cirrhosis. After albumin injection cardiac contractility (P < 0.01), protein expression of TNF-α, iNOS, Gα(i2), and Adcy3, NAD(P)H-oxidase activity and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in cardiac tissue of rats with cirrhosis were reversed to control levels (P < 0.05). HES injection did not modify cardiac contractility and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in cardiac tissue of rats with cirrhosis.Albumin exerts a positive cardiac inotropic effect in rats with cirrhosis and ascites counteracting the negative effects of oxidative stress- and TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB-iNOS pathway and oxidative stress-induced alteration of β-receptor signaling.
Crime, Alcoholism, and the Symptoms of Disease
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE great social changes of the 1960's — the war on poverty, the re-examination of criminal law and procedure and the surge of political force in minority groups – find another expression in the ruling of a high federal court that a patient with chronic alcoholism cannot be punished criminally for public drunkenness.In the case, Driver v. Hinnant,1 the defendant, Joe B. Driver, was a typical, skid-row alcoholic. He had been sentenced in a North Carolina State Court to two years in jail as a more than three-times repeater. Actually, he had been convicted of public intoxication over . . .
It's Over, Debbie
Authors: Michael G. Lamb
Journal: JAMA (1988)

the Editor.  —It is with regret and disappointment that I findTHE JOURNALpublishing an article that takes a sympathetic stance on euthanasia. The recent essay describes a weary, irritated gynecology resident who performs an act of mercy killing.1I find this action to be very distressing, saddening, and reprehensible, both medically and ethically. Alternative therapies for pain relief as well as consultation with the patient's physician and family seemingly were ignored.  Ethically, there are two major philosophical tenets that must be considered when the question of mercy killing arises. One principle is that physicians and indeed all men should develop and cultivate an abiding reverence for life. This concept was the cornerstone of the philosophy of Dr Albert Schweitzer. He believed that deep respect must be accorded to all life irrespective of race, deformity, infirmity, or intellectual ability. Schweitzer states, To the man who is truly ethical,
Journal should show balance, not bias, when reporting on PFI
Authors: B. McCloskey
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Yet again the BMJ has compromised its integrity by uncritically yielding to its bias against hospital developments made under the private finance initiative (PFI). In reporting Dr Richard Taylor's election as a member of parliament, Gulland quotes from the Pollock report on Worcestershire's private finance initiative.1 As Deakin and …
OC-085 Predicting Local or Systemic Recurrence after Curative Resection for Colorectal Cancer: the Role of Elastica Stains to Optimise Detection of Venous Invasion
Authors: E Wright, C C McAteer, D C McMillan, P G Horgan, A K Foulis, C S Roxburgh
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Following colorectal cancer resection, high-risk tumour pathology guides provision of adjuvant therapy and follow-up. Currently, routinely assessed features include local invasion, nodal status,venous invasion (VI), serosal invasion, differentiation and margin status. It was recently reported that elastica tissue stains increase frequency of detection of VI to &gt; 50%, reducing interobserver variation, increasing its prognostic value (Roxburgh 2010, Kirsch 2013). Given recurrence is either local, systemic or both, we sought to examine the role of routinely assessed pathological criteria including VI (detected using elastica) in determining recurrence following resection for colorectal cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> From an institutional database 555 patients undergoing curative resection between 1997–2009 were identified with recurrence and follow-up data available. Pathology data was taken from reports issued at the time. VI was assessed prospectively with routine elastica staining for 417 patients and retrospectively in 138. Analysis was performed with binary logistic regression. Due to a high number of comparisons, to enter the multivariate model a significance level of &lt; 0.01 was used. <h3>Results</h3> Of 555 patients, 141 (25%) developed recurrence. Frequency of VI detection was 54%. On logistic regression, elastica detected VI, T stage, lymph node involvement, serosal involvement, margin involvement, tumour perforation, peri-tumoural inflammation (Klintrup grade) and tumour necrosis were predictors of recurrence (any site, all P &lt; 0.05). Differentiation was not. On multivariate analysis VI (OR 3.27, P &lt; 0.001), lymph node involvement (OR 2.34, P = 0.005), serosal invasion (OR 2.38, P = 0.005), Klintrup grade (OR 0.68, P = 0.037) were independently predictors of recurrence. Most recurrence was systemic (75%). The same features predicted systemic recurrence as did overall recurrence but on multivariate analysis, only VI (OR 2.90, P = 0.004), lymph node involvement (OR 2.27, P = 0.012) and necrosis (OR 1.63, P = 0.013)were independent predictors of systemic recurrence. In the 35 cases of local recurrence VI, T stage, lymph node involvement, serosal involvement and margin involvement were significantly related (P &lt; 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only VI (OR 2.28, P = 0.057) and T stage (OR 2.53, P = 0.003) were independent predictors. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Whilst several pathological features predict local and systemic recurrence after surgery, VI detected at increased frequency (54%) with elastica stains was the only consistent, independent predictor of recurrence, at least as important as nodal spread. These results support implementation of routine measures such as elastica staining to optimise reporting of VI. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Sucrose for Ulcers
Authors: Harry Perelman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— Dr. George X. Trimble's references to the use of granulated sugar (197:790, 1966) go back only to 1957. This treatment was in use by several surgeons at St. Louis Jewish Hospital in 1941 when I was an intern there. They had apparently used it for some years, having learned the procedure in Europe. We were not particularly aware of the physiology involved at that time, but we did see some very good results. I still occasionally find it a useful agent in the treatment of certain ulcers.
Physiological response to aerosol propellants.
Authors: R D Stewart, P E Newton, E D Baretta, A A Herrmann, H V Forster, R J Soto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Acute exposures to isobutane, propane, F-12, and F-11 in concentrations of 250, 500, or 1000 ppm for periods of 1 min to 8 hr did not produce any untoward physiological effects as determined by the methods employed which included serial EKG's and continuous monitoring of modified V5 by telemetry during exposure. Repetitive exposures to these four propellants were also without measurable untoward physiological effect with the exception of the eight male subjects repetitively exposed to 1000 ppm, F-11, who did show minor decrements in several of the cognitive tests. Of particular importance is the observation that none of the subjects showed any decrement in pulmonary function or alteration in cardiac rhythm as the result of exposure to concentrations of the gases or vapors far greater than encountered in the normal use of aerosol products in the home.
Abstract 3835: Impaired pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 induction by IL-2 does not affect IFNγ production in NK cells of breast cancer patients
Authors: Gordana M. Konjevic, Sandra S. Radenkovic, Tatjana Srdic, Svetislav Jelic, Ljiljana Stamatovic, Momcilo Inic
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 in tumors have oncogenic potential, STAT dysregulation has not been extensively investigated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of breast cancer patients. Alterations in JAK-STAT pathway in cancer patients contribute to immunosuppression and inadequate antitumor immune response. In this study baseline level and cytokine-mediated activation of pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 were investigated in PBL of breast cancer patients and healthy controls after in vitro treatment with IL-2 for 24h at 37C. Induction of pSTATs was assessed in cellular lysates by Western blotting using anti-pSTAT antibodies. PBL of breast cancer patients and controls were analyzed for intracellular IFNγ, CD3 and CD16 receptor expression and NK cell activity using Flow cytometry and 51Cr-release assay, respectively. The induction of pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 in PBL by IL-2 is significant for controls and patients, although the effect in patients is lower. Moreover, PBL and CD3-CD16+ NK cells of breast cancer patients compared to controls have significantly lower baseline level of IFNγ. IL-2 significantly increases the production of IFNγ in PBL inspite of impaired induction of pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 in breast cancer patients. Evaluation of NK cell subset shows highly significant induction of IFNγ by IL-2 in breast cancer patients and in healthy controls. Inspite of this, we found that NK cell activity of breast cancer patients is significantly lower compared to healthy controls suggesting that NK cell activity is more dependent on STATs inducibility than IFNγ production in these patients. These results provide evidence that evaluation of STAT expression and cytokine induction in PBL of breast cancer patients could be of diagnostic and therapeutic significance during non-specific active immunotherapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3835.
Effects of cyclosporine in osteopontin null mice
Authors: Marilda Mazzali, Jeremy Hughes, Marcio Dantas, Lucy Liaw, Susan Steitz, Charles E. Alpers, Raimund H. Pichler, Hui Y. Lan, Cecilia M. Giachelli, Stuart J. Shankland, William G. Couser, Richard J. Johnson
Journal: Kidney International (2002)