tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes With Glyburide vs Insulin in Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Wendy Camelo Castillo, Kim Boggess, Til Stürmer, M. Alan Brookhart, Daniel K. Benjamin, Michele Jonsson Funk
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Glyburide is thought to be safe for use during pregnancy for treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, there are limited data on the effectiveness of glyburide when compared with insulin as used in a real-world setting.To estimate the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM treated with glyburide compared with insulin.Retrospective cohort study of a population-based cohort from a nationwide US employer-based insurance claims database from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011. We identified women with GDM and their newborns. We excluded those with type 1 or 2 diabetes and those younger than 15 years or older than 45 years.Treatment with glyburide or insulin during pregnancy within 150 days before delivery.We used binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences with 95% confidence intervals for the association of glyburide with diagnosis codes for obstetric trauma, cesarean delivery, birth injury, preterm birth, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, jaundice, large for gestational age, and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit. Inverse probability of treatment weights were used to adjust for maternal characteristics that differed between the treatment groups.Among 110,879 women with GDM, 9173 women (8.3%) were treated with glyburide (n = 4982) or insulin (n = 4191). After adjusting for differences at baseline, newborns of women treated with glyburide were at increased risk for neonatal intensive care unit admission (RR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.23-1.62), respiratory distress (RR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.23-2.15), hypoglycemia (RR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.00-1.95), birth injury (RR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00-1.82), and large for gestational age (RR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.16-1.76) compared with those treated with insulin; they were not at increased risk for obstetric trauma (RR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.71-1.20), preterm birth (RR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.93-1.21), or jaundice (RR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.48-1.91). The risk of cesarean delivery was 3% lower in the glyburide group (adjusted RR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.00). The risk difference associated with glyburide was 2.97% (95% CI, 1.82-4.12) for neonatal intensive care unit admission, 1.41% (95% CI, 0.61-2.20) for large for gestational age, and 1.11% (95% CI, 0.50-1.72) for respiratory distress.Newborns from privately insured mothers treated with glyburide were more likely to experience adverse outcomes than those from mothers treated with insulin. Given the widespread use of glyburide, further investigation of these differences in pregnancy outcomes is a public health priority.
Short-burst oxygen therapy for COPD patients: a 6-month randomised, controlled study
Authors: T. Eaton, W. Fergusson, J. Kolbe, C. A. Lewis, T. West
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Short-burst oxygen therapy (SBOT) remains widely advocated for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite a lack of supporting evidence. The aim of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study was to determine whether SBOT improves health-related quality of life (HRQL) or reduces acute healthcare utilisation in patients discharged following an acute exacerbation of COPD. Consecutive patients were screened; 78 of 331 were eligible for randomisation to cylinder oxygen, cylinder air or usual care following discharge. Patients were elderly with high acute healthcare utilisation, forced expiratory volume in one second of &lt;1 L and had dyspnoea limiting daily activity but were not hypoxaemic at rest. Over the 6-month study period, there were no significant differences between patient groups in HRQL (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) except for CRQ emotion domain. There were no significant differences in acute healthcare utilisation. Time to readmission was greatest in the usual care group. Cylinder use was high initially, but rapidly fell to very low levels within weeks in both cylinder oxygen and air groups. In conclusion, the availability of short-burst oxygen therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients discharged from hospital following an acute exacerbation did not improve health-related quality of life or reduce acute healthcare utilisation. These results provide no support for the widespread use of short-burst oxygen therapy.
Effects of down-regulation of microRNA-23a on TNF-α-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways
Authors: Wei Ruan, Jun-mei Xu, Suo-bei Li, Ling-qing Yuan, Ru-ping Dai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

AimsEndothelial cell injury induced by inflammatory factors plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous vascular diseases. MicroRNAs are well known to be implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis in inflammatory responses; however, it remains to be determined whether microRNAs are associated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated endothelial cell injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of microRNAs in TNF-α-induced endothelial cell apoptosis.
A fresh look at the causes and treatments of recurrent miscarriage, especially its immunological aspects
Authors: O. Christiansen
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

The scientific basis for many traditionally accepted causes of recurrent miscarriage (RM) is weak. A significant proportion of RM cases with relatively few miscarriages can presumably be attributed to the random occurrence of consecutive chromosomally abnormal conceptions. New insights in the immunological interactions taking place at the feto-maternal interface provide us with the opportunity to propose detailed pathophysiological models for immunologically mediated RM. Scientific support for the theory that RM is a consequence of graft rejection-like allo-immune reactions against paternal human leukocyte antigens on the fetus is sparse. Conversely, there is considerable evidence that decidual natural killer cells play a role in the implantation and early invasion of the trophoblast and in the pathogenesis of RM. T helper (Th) cells from women with RM react against trophoblast antigens in vitro with the secretion of mainly interleukin-2 and interferon-γ (a so-called Th1 response), which are known to inhibit trophoblast growth. The predisposition to a Th1 response against a given antigen may be determined by an individual's class II histocompatibility genes. In accordance with this, case-control, prospective and family studies indicate that maternal histocompatibility haplotypes comprising DR1 and DR3 alleles confer susceptibility to RM. The frequent occurrence of autoantibodies in women with RM is compatible with the theory of a Th1 response against trophoblast as a cause of the syndrome, but the autoantibodies themselves probably do not cause RM. Keywords: anticardiolipin antibodies/autoimmunity/HLA/pregnancy/recurrent spontaneous abortion
Oxypred: Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding Proteins
Authors: S. Muthukrishnan, Aarti Garg, G.P.S. Raghava
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2007)

Abstract This study describes a method for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins. Firstly, support vector machine (SVM) modules were developed using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition for predicting oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 85.5% and 87.8%, respectively. Secondly, an SVM module was developed based on amino acid composition, classifying the predicted oxygen-binding proteins into six classes with accuracy of 95.8%, 97.5%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 99.4%, and 96.0% for erythrocruorin, hemerythrin, hemocyanin, hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, and myoglobin proteins, respectively. Finally, an SVM module was developed using dipeptide composition for classifying the oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 96.1%, 98.7%, 98.7%, 85.6%, 99.6%, and 93.3% for the above six classes, respectively. All modules were trained and tested by five-fold cross validation. Based on the above approach, a web server Oxypred was developed for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins (available from http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/oxypred/).
Antibody titres at diagnosis and during follow-up of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Nuria Gresa-Arribas, Maarten J Titulaer, Abiguei Torrents, Esther Aguilar, Lindsey McCracken, Frank Leypoldt, Amy J Gleichman, Rita Balice-Gordon, Myrna R Rosenfeld, David Lynch, Francesc Graus, Josep Dalmau
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2013)
Early Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction with Sensitive Cardiac Troponin Assays
Authors: Tobias Reichlin, Willibald Hochholzer, Stefano Bassetti, Stephan Steuer, Claudia Stelzig, Sabine Hartwiger, Stefan Biedert, Nora Schaub, Christine Buerge, Mihael Potocki, Markus Noveanu, Tobias Breidthardt, Raphael Twerenbold, Katrin Winkler, Roland Bingisser, Christian Mueller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

We conducted a multicenter study to examine the diagnostic accuracy of new, sensitive cardiac troponin assays performed on blood samples obtained in the emergency department from 718 consecutive patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin levels were determined in a blinded fashion with the use of four sensitive assays (Abbott–Architect Troponin I, Roche High-Sensitive Troponin T, Roche Troponin I, and Siemens Troponin I Ultra) and a standard assay (Roche Troponin T). The final diagnosis was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists.
Effects of short-term treatment strategies over 4 weeks in Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Frank Mayer, Anja Hirschmüller, Steffen Müller, Martin Schuberth, Heiner Baur
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

The therapeutic efficacy of non-surgical treatment strategies in Achilles tendinopathy (AT) has not been well clarified. Time-consuming and costly combinations of treatment for pain, physiotherapy and biomechanical procedures are often applied.To analyse the efficacy of single therapeutic regimens commonly used over a short period of 4 weeks.31 male runners (mileage >32 km/week) with unilateral, untreated AT completed 4 weeks of either physiotherapy (10 treatments: deep-friction, pulsed ultrasound, ice, sensory motor training; (P)), wearing custom fit semirigid insoles (I) or remained without treatment (control group C). Before and after treatment, all patients underwent a treadmill test and a plantar flexion strength exercise. Subjective pain (Pain Disability Index, Pain Experience Scale), as well as strength performance capacity (peak torque), was analysed (mean, 95% CI, repeated measures analysis of variance, alpha = 0.05).Pain was reduced to <50% of the baseline value after physiotherapy or after wearing insoles (p<0.05). Individual pain reduction was >50% (25%) in 89% (100%) of subjects in I and 55% (73%) in P. Higher eccentric plantar flexion peak torques after treatment were observed in I and P.Most patients with AT experience a reduction in pain after only 4 weeks of differentiated, non-surgical treatment consisting of physiotherapy or semirigid insoles.
Lenalidomide in combination with rituximab for patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma: a phase 1/2 clinical trial
Authors: Michael Wang, Luis Fayad, Nicolaus Wagner-Bartak, Liang Zhang, Fredrick Hagemeister, Sattva S Neelapu, Felipe Samaniego, Peter McLaughlin, Michelle Fanale, Anas Younes, Fernando Cabanillas, Nathan Fowler, Kate J Newberry, Luhong Sun, Ken H Young, Richard Champlin, Larry Kwak, Lei Feng, Maria Badillo, Maria Bejarano, Kimberly Hartig, Wendy Chen, Yiming Chen, Catriona Byrne, Neda Bell, Jerome Zeldis, Jorge Romaguera
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Myocardial velocity gradient as a noninvasively determined index of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tomoko Kato, Akiko Noda, Hideo Izawa, Takao Nishizawa, Fuji Somura, Akira Yamada, Kohzo Nagata, Mitsunori Iwase, Akimasa Nakao, Mitsuhiro Yokota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A multileft evaluation of the Biotest legionella urinary antigen EIA
Authors: Timothy Harrison, S⊘en Uldum, Stella Alexiou-Daniel, Jette Bangsborg, Sverker Bernander, Vladimir Drasar, Jerome Etienne, Jürgen Helbig, Diane Lindsay, Ivo Lochman, Teresa Marques, Fernando de Ory, Igor Tartakovskii, Günther Wewalka, Franz Fehrenbach
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1998)
Mortality associated with foodborne bacterial gastrointestinal infections: Case selection and clinical data are important
Authors: S. J O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The article by Helms et al raises the importance of case selection and clinical data on the estimates of short and long term mortality from clinical illness.1 Clinicians' understanding of an illness entails identifying symptoms and signs, in relation to age, sex, and geography, the three variables for which the authors selected controls. But clinicians also decide on the necessity for diagnostic laboratory tests. Results deemed …
Patients who acquire hepatitis C early in life have a markedly increased mortality even when cirrhosis is absent at diagnosis and disease duration is short
Authors: C. Niederau, S. Lange, T. Heintges, A. Erhardt, M. Buschkamp, D. Hürter, M. Nawrocki, L. Kruska, F. Hensel, W. Petry, D. Häussinger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
CD28-independent induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Tanuja Chitnis, Nader Najafian, Kald A. Abdallah, Victor Dong, Hideo Yagita, Mohamed H. Sayegh, Samia J. Khoury
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell–mediated disease initiated by antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Signaling through CD28 is a critical second signal for activation of T cells, and CD28 knockout (CD28KO) mice have been reported to be resistant to induction of EAE. We now report that CD28KO mice have no intrinsic defect in mediating disease, because they developed EAE after passive transfer of primed T cells. After immunization, peripheral T cells from CD28KO mice were primed and developed memory phenotype, but had decreased antigen-specific IFN-γ production as compared with cells from wild-type (WT) animals. Reimmunization of CD28KO mice brought out clinical disease and increased IFN-γ production in vitro. Pathologically, there were cellular infiltrates in the central nervous system, in contrast to single-immunized mice. We show furthermore that blocking B7-1 or CTLA4, but not B7-2, in CD28KO mice induces disease after a single immunization. Thus, EAE can be induced in animals lacking CD28-dependent costimulation, suggesting that alternative costimulatory pathways were used. Blocking the OX40-OX40L costimulatory pathway differentially affected disease induction in CD28KO mice as compared with WT controls. Our data show that EAE may develop in the absence of CD28 T-cell costimulation. These findings have implications for therapies aimed at blocking costimulatory signals in autoimmune diseases.
Penetration of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin into alveolar macrophages, epithelial lining fluid, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Authors: P Schuler, K Zemper, K Borner, P Koeppe, T Schaberg, H Lode
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Sparfloxacin (SPX), a novel fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, has been shown, in vitro, to be more effective against common pulmonary pathogens, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and some intracellular organisms, than ciprofloxacin (CPX). The objective of this open, comparative, randomized study in two parallel groups was to assess the serum concentrations and penetration of SPX and CPX into alveolar macrophages (AMs), epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and peripheral polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). Patients received either a single oral dose of SPX, 400 mg (16 patients), or CPX, 500 mg (15 patients), at various times before a routine diagnostic bronchoscopy was performed. Antibiotic concentrations were determined by using a microbiological assay. The median serum elimination half-lives were 17.3 h for SPX and 5.3 h for CPX. Peak levels (median+/-68% confidence range) of CPX were attained in AMs (7.6+/-1.7 mg x L(-1)) at 5 h after admission, and in both ELF (2.13+/-0.91 mg x L(-1)) and PMNs (9.1+/-6.2 mg x L(-1)) at 2.5 h after administration. SPX achieved comparable peak levels in PMNs (median+/-68% range, 9.4+/-1.1 mg x L(-1) at 5 h), but peak concentrations attained in AMs and ELF (35.1+/-15.4 and 32.2+/-28.2 mg x L(-1), respectively, at 24 h) were several times higher than those of CPX. SPX demonstrated substantially greater accumulation in all three sites than did CPX (peak site to serum ratios of 11.0+/-4.3, 65.5+/-28.4 and 63.0+/-66 versus 4.94+/-0.64, 10.6+/-3.7 and 10.6+/-3.7 for PMNs, AMs and ELF, respectively). The results indicate, that sparfloxacin has a long elimination half-life and that it achieves higher concentrations in alveolar macrophages and epithelial lining fluid than ciprofloxacin. Site concentrations of sparfloxacin greatly exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations of common respiratory pathogens.
Rheumaderm: current issues in rheumatology and dermatology
Authors: P C M VAN DE KERKHOF
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Rheumaderm: current issues in rheumatology and dermatology . C Mallia, J Uitto. (Pp 582; £107.25.) London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999. ISBN 0-306-46047-5.

Rheumaderm aims to elucidate the “overlap area” between dermatology and rheumatology. It is a collection of papers presented during the congress Rheuma Derm '97 and comprises reports of plenary lectures, free communications, and …
Natural Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer
Authors: Matthew D. Vesely, Michael H. Kershaw, Robert D. Schreiber, Mark J. Smyth
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2011)

The immune system can identify and destroy nascent tumor cells in a process termed cancer immunosurveillance, which functions as an important defense against cancer. Recently, data obtained from numerous investigations in mouse models of cancer and in humans with cancer offer compelling evidence that particular innate and adaptive immune cell types, effector molecules, and pathways can sometimes collectively function as extrinsic tumor-suppressor mechanisms. However, the immune system can also promote tumor progression. Together, the dual host-protective and tumor-promoting actions of immunity are referred to as cancer immunoediting. In this review, we discuss the current experimental and human clinical data supporting a cancer immunoediting process that provide the fundamental basis for further study of immunity to cancer and for the rational design of immunotherapies against cancer.
Lower gastrointestinal malignancy in Crohn's disease.
Authors: W R Connell, J P Sheffield, M A Kamm, J K Ritchie, P R Hawley, J E Lennard-Jones
Journal: Gut (1994)

An increased incidence of carcinoma of the small bowel and colon has been described in patients with Crohn9s disease. Tumours arising in the rectum and anus are reported less often. Between 1940 and 1992, of some 2500 patients with Crohn9s disease seen at this hospital, 15 are known to have developed carcinoma of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Malignancy occurred in the colon in two patients, in the upper two thirds of rectum in one, in the lower third of rectum in seven, and in the anus in five. The 12 patients with carcinoma arising in the anus or lower rectum had longstanding severe anorectal Crohn9s disease, which included a stricture in four, fistula in four, proctitis in one, abscess in two, and enlarged anal skin tags in one. The development of malignancy in patients with Crohn9s disease may apply particularly to those with chronic complicated anorectal disease.
Immunology of the Maternal-Fetal Interface
Authors: Adrian Erlebacher
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2013)

The immune cells that reside at the interface between the placenta and uterus are thought to play many important roles in pregnancy. Recent work has revealed that the composition and function of these cells are locally controlled by the specialized uterine stroma (the decidua) that surrounds the implanted conceptus. Here, I discuss how key immune cell types (natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells) are either enriched or excluded from the decidua, how their function is regulated within the decidua, and how they variously contribute to pregnancy success or failure. The discussion emphasizes the relationship between human and mouse studies. Deeper understanding of the immunology of the maternal-fetal interface promises to yield significant insight into the pathogenesis of many human pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, and congenital infection.
Identification of a novel water-soluble activator of wild-type and F508del CFTR: GPact-11a
Authors: J. Bertrand, B. Boucherle, A. Billet, P. Melin-Heschel, L. Dannhoffer, C. Vandebrouck, C. Jayle, C. Routaboul, M-C. Molina, J-L. Décout, F. Becq, C. Norez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

One of the major therapeutic strategy in cystic fibrosis aims at developing modulators of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels. We recently discovered methylglyoxal alpha-aminoazaheterocycle adducts, as a new family of CFTR inhibitors. In a structure-activity relationship study, we have now identified GPact-11a, a compound able not to inhibit but to activate CFTR. Here, we present the effect of GPact-11a on CFTR activity using in vitro (iodide efflux, fluorescence imaging and patch-clamp recordings), ex vivo (short-circuit current measurements) and in vivo (salivary secretion) experiments. We report that GPact-11a: 1) is an activator of CFTR in several airway epithelial cell lines; 2) activates rescued F508del-CFTR in nasal, tracheal, bronchial, pancreatic cell lines and in human CF ciliated epithelial cells, freshly dissociated from lung samples; 3) stimulates ex vivo the colonic chloride secretion and increases in vivo the salivary secretion in cftr(+/+) but not cftr(-/-) mice; and 4) is selective for CFTR because its effect is inhibited by CFTR(inh)-172, GlyH-101, glibenclamide and GPinh-5a. To conclude, this work identifies a selective activator of wild-type and rescued F508del-CFTR. This nontoxic and water-soluble agent represents a good candidate, alone or in combination with a F508del-CFTR corrector, for the development of a CFTR modulator in cystic fibrosis.