tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Present use of five-day wards
Authors: D. Longson, B. Young
Journal: BMJ (1981)

serious consequences for a large number of patients.There is no substitute for histology or for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer; for these reasons we believe that endoscopy should still be undertaken in all cases where gastric ulceration is demonstrated or suspected radio- logically.The thrust of the argument of Dr Salter and his colleagues should have been towards radiologists and not endoscopists.
The Choice of Five Journals.
Authors: T. C. Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have not receivedThe Journalof the 12th inst. as yet. Is it the fault of the mailing clerk, or of the mails? I cannot afford to miss a single number ofThe Journal, as it is my choice out of the five weekly journals that come to my office, Please send me the one of that date, and oblige, Yours truly, Shelbyville, Ind.
Circular chromosome conformation capture (4C) uncovers extensive networks of epigenetically regulated intra- and interchromosomal interactions
Authors: Zhihu Zhao, Gholamreza Tavoosidana, Mikael Sjölinder, Anita Göndör, Piero Mariano, Sha Wang, Chandrasekhar Kanduri, Magda Lezcano, Kuljeet Singh Sandhu, Umashankar Singh, Vinod Pant, Vijay Tiwari, Sreenivasulu Kurukuti, Rolf Ohlsson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Aging does not reduce the hepatocyte proliferative response of mice to the primary mitogen TCPOBOP
Authors: Giovanna M. Ledda-Columbano, Monica Pibiri, Costanza Cossu, Francesca Molotzu, Joseph Locker, Amedeo Columbano
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

It has been shown that the magnitude of DNA synthesis and the time at which maximal DNA synthesis occurs after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) is greatly reduced in the liver of aged rodents compared to young animals. This reduction could represent an intrinsic defect in proliferation or a more specialized change in the response to PH. We therefore evaluated the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes in aged animals, following treatment with primary liver mitogens. We show that treatment of 12-month-old CD-1 mice with the hepatomitogen 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP) caused an increase in hepatocyte proliferation similar to that seen in young (8-week-old) mice. The labeling index was 82% in the livers of aged mice versus 76% in young animals. Histological observation demonstrated that the number of hepatocytes entering mitoses was similar in both groups; the mitotic indices were 2.5 per thousand and 2.7 per thousand, respectively. Additional experiments showed that the timing of DNA synthesis and M phase were nearly identical in both aged and young mice. Stimulation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis was associated with increased expression of several cell cycle-associated proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin A, cyclin B1, E2F, pRb, and p107); all were comparable in aged mice and young mice. TCPOBOP treatment also increased expression of the Forkhead Box transcription factor m1b (Foxm1b) to a similar degree in both groups. In conclusion, hepatocytes retain their proliferative capacity in old age despite impaired liver regeneration. These findings suggest that therapeutic use of mitogens would alleviate the reduction in hepatocyte proliferation observed in the elderly.
Bronchial Circulation in Severe Multiple Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
Authors: MARTIN H. LEES, CHARLES T. DOTTER
Journal: Circulation (1965)

In an infant with severe, multiple, peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses angiography clearly demonstrated enlarged tortuous bronchial arteries, especially in the right lung, where a major tortuosity corresponded closely to the point of maximal intensity of a loud continuous murmur. Increased bronchial circulation may be responsible for continuous murmurs in patients with severe multiple peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis.
The Value of Serum Thyroglobulin Measurement in Clinical Practice
Authors: Samuel Refetoff
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Thyroglobulin (TG) is a normal constituent of serum detectable by radioimmunoassay in 75% to 90% of healthy adults. Levels are altered in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. Although the indications for serum TG measurements have not been clearly established, it is simple, inexpensive, and presents no risk of radiation exposure. Problems include variable sensitivity and reproducibility of assays, interference by TG autoantibodies, and changes induced by certain diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Serum TG measurement is primarily used as a tumor marker in thyroid carcinoma. Values are almost invariably high with disseminated metastases. After total ablation of thyroid tissue, serum TG determination is useful in separating patients in remission from those with residual metastatic disease. Serial measurements in the same patients are useful in monitoring the effect of treatment of nonfunctioning thyroid metastases. It is of no proved value in the initial diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Controversy still exists regarding the advantages of measuring TG during hormonal therapy. The assay may aid in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis factitia, painless subacute thyroiditis, and neonatal hypothyroidism. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2352-2357)
TCT-364 Difference Of Stent Expansion Between Thin Strut Cobalt Chromium Platform And Thick Strut Stainless Platform In Calcified Lesions
Authors: Hideo Tsubata, Shinichiro Yamada, Yoshinori Yasaka, Seiichi Kobayashi, Takahiro Sawada, Shogo Oishi, Takayoshi Toba, Taishi Miyata, Misato Chimura, Hiroya Kawai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the muscle blood flow response to exercise in rats with heart failure
Authors: T. Hirai, R. Zelis, T. I. Musch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating blood flow (BF) to working skeletal muscle is impaired in chronic heart failure (CHF).The effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthesis, was studied in conscious rats with and without CHF due to myocardial infarction (MI). BF to the hindquarter musculature was measured with radiolabelled microspheres during exercise after 4 min of treadmill running (10% grade, 20 m/min) before and after L-NAME (20 mg/kg i.a.) administration.Before L-NAME administration, BF measured in the total hindquarter musculature was less (P < 0.05) during exercise in rats with a large MI (MI size; 44 +/- 2% of the left ventricular endocardial circumference; n = 8) when compared with sham-operated rats (SHAM; n = 10) and rats with a small MI (MI size; 25 +/- 4%; n = 5). The BF measured during exercise following L-NAME administration was similar between the 3 groups. Of the 28 individual hindquarter muscles, BF was reduced in 23 and 19 muscles following the administration of L-NAME for the SHAM rats and rats with a small MI, respectively. In comparison, BF was reduced to only 4 of 28 muscles in rats with a large MI.These results suggest that the contribution of the NO pathway to the hyperaemic BF responses found in the hindquarter muscles during exercise could be attenuated in rats with CHF. This attenuation of the NO pathway may be associated with the impairment of skeletal muscle BF distribution during exercise in CHF.
Insulin Detemir Does Not Cross the Human Placenta
Authors: Katarzyna Suffecool, Barak Rosenn, Eric E. Niederkofler, Urban A. Kiernan, Janelle Foroutan, Kwasi Antwi, Amanda Ribar, Priya Bapat, Gideon Koren
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Insulin detemir (IDet) is a relatively new long-acting insulin analog that offers improved absorption pharmacokinetics and slower tissue distribution due to high plasma protein binding (1). As IDet is increasingly used for treatment of insulin-requiring diabetes, including women with type 2 diabetes (who may conceive while being treated with IDet) as well as women with gestational diabetes mellitus, its transplacental pharmacokinetics warrants study (2). The placental transfer of IDet in humans has not been previously studied. The objective of this study was to determine whether IDet administered to pregnant women crosses the human placenta.

Sixteen pregnant women with either gestational diabetes mellitus (11 subjects) or type 2 diabetes (5 subjects) receiving IDet were enrolled in this institutional review board–approved study after giving informed consent. At delivery, …
What the Code Is.
Authors: W. P. Howle
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Oran, Mo., Aug. 26, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —If allowed space I will make a brief reply to Amicus Veritatis. To<i>believers</i>in the Code, medicine is a<i>profession;</i>to nonbelievers it is used as a<i>trade</i>. The Code was written for the benefit of believers and in condemnation of unbelievers and their practices. Any argument on the question should be addressed to believers. To them the Code is effective and has penalties for its violation—but to the unbeliever it is a dead letter. Very respectfully submitted,
Coronary artery imaging with intravascular high-frequency ultrasound.
Authors: B N Potkin, A L Bartorelli, J M Gessert, R F Neville, Y Almagor, W C Roberts, M B Leon
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Safe and effective clinical application of new interventional therapies may require more precise imaging of atherosclerotic coronary arteries. To determine the reliability of catheter-based intravascular ultrasound as an imaging modality, a miniaturized prototype ultrasound system (1-mm transducer; center frequency, 25 MHz) was used to acquire two-dimensional, cross-sectional images in 21 human coronary arteries from 13 patients studied at necropsy who had moderate-to-severe atherosclerosis. Fifty-four atherosclerotic sites imagined by ultrasound were compared with formalin-fixed and fresh histological sections of the coronary arteries with a digital video planimetry system. Ultrasound and histological measurements correlated significantly (all p less than 0.0001) for coronary artery cross-sectional area (r = 0.94), residual lumen cross-sectional area (r = 0.85), percent cross-sectional area (r = 0.84), and linear wall thickness (plaque and media) measured at 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees (r = 0.92). Moreover, ultrasound accurately predicted histological plaque composition in 96% of cases. Anatomic features of the coronary arteries that were easily discernible were the lumen-plaque and media-adventitia interfaces, very bright echoes casting acoustic shadows in calcified plaques, bright and homogeneous echoes in fibrous plaques, and relatively echo-lucent images in lipid-filled lesions. These data indicate that intravascular ultrasound provides accurate image characterization of the artery lumen and wall geometry as well as the presence, distribution, and histological type of atherosclerotic plaque. Thus, ultrasound imaging appears to have great potential application for enhanced diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis and may serve to guide new catheter-based techniques in the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Bronchial valve treatment for pulmonary air leak after anatomical lung resection for cancer
Authors: C. A. Dooms, H. Decaluwe, J. Yserbyt, P. De Leyn, D. Van Raemdonck, V. Ninane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

A persistent post-operative pulmonary expiratory air leak after an anatomical pulmonary resection is usually managed conservatively, but can be associated with significant morbidity and increased costs. The use of bronchial valves is a minimally invasive method that may be an effective and safe treatment in this setting. In a prospective study, the clinical efficacy of intrabronchial valve treatment in patients with a prolonged persistent pulmonary air leak after anatomical surgical resection for cancer was investigated. 10 out of 277 patients with anatomical pulmonary resection for cancer were included, and 90% were scheduled for valve treatment. We demonstrated an air leak cessation at a median of 2 days after valve placement, which resulted in chest tube removal at a median of 4 days after valve placement. Elective removal of the intrabronchial valves could be safely planned 3 weeks after valve implantation. Lung function alteration associated with airway occlusion by valves was limited. Intrabronchial valve treatment with the aid of a digital thoracic drainage system is an effective and safe therapy for patients with a prolonged pulmonary air leak after anatomical lung resection for cancer.
ACUTE AND CHRONIC BACILLARY DYSENTERY
Authors: Walter L. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Drs. Felsen and Wolarsky are to be congratulated for emphasizing the importance of bacillary dysentery. I should like to discuss three phases of their paper, acute bacillary dysentery, chronic bacillary dysentery, and their relationship to ulcerative colitis. The figures shown with respect to the increasing incidence of acute bacillary dysentery seem to be quite conclusive, but they do not conform to my recollections. One is on very dangerous grounds indeed to pit recollections against statistics, but many will recall that, in the earlier decades of this century, there were severe epidemics of bacillary dysentery in some areas and in other areas it was endemic. Certainly the infant death rate from bacillary dysentery in the first quarter of the century was high. It is exceedingly difficult for me to believe that the same condition obtains today or that the actual incidence of acute bacillary dysentery is as high
The Behavior of Chimpanzees in Their Natural Habitat
Authors: JANE VAN LAWICK-GOODALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

In his search for the biological basis of human behavior patterns, the scientist finds a fruitful resource in studying the chimpanzee, man's closest living relative. The author describes some of the findings from a longitudinal study of chimpanzees at Gombe, Tanzania; these concern the long period of infant and juvenile dependence on the mother, the affectionate bonds in the chimpanzee family, adolescence, and dominance. She also discusses some of the behavior patterns of chimpanzees that strikingly resemble some patterns in man, noting, however, that there are also important differences that point up the uniqueness of the human.
Can professionalism survive in the marketplace?
Authors: J P Bunker
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In 1970 the sociologist Eliot Freidson took the American medical profession to task for its lack of self discipline.1 Looking back at the erosion of professional autonomy since then, Freidson recently wrote that “it was the profession's own failure to regulate itself in the public interest that created the legal, economic, and political pressures of the past twenty- five years.”2

Freidson now worries that professionalism in American medicine and “the flexible discretionary judgment that is necessary to adapt services to individual [patients'] needs” may be crushed between the forces of government regulation on one side and the market forces of competition on the other. He accepts that “both market and bureaucratic methods should be used to reduce cost and control performance, but only elements of those that do not destroy or seriously weaken what is desirable in professionalism.”3

The bureaucratic oppression under which the British medical profession now labours seems considerably greater than that in the United States. As employees of the NHS, and therefore of the government, doctors are inescapably and directly subject to managerial control; and they are also inevitably, willingly or unwillingly, …
The Proposed Medical Examiners' Bill.
Authors: J. Sanderson Christison
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Chicago, Oct. 28, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the October issue of the<i>Chicago Medical Recorder</i>, there appears a report of some remarks I made at a recent meeting of the Chicago Medical Society, in reference to the proposed "Medical Examiners' Bill" for Illinois. The report simply contains my objection, and makes no mention of the remedy I suggested for the evil pointed out. I happen to know that this omission is not the fault of the stenographer. For this reason I ask theJournalto privilege me with a few remarks on the proposed bill. This Medical Bill, originated and prepared by physicians, is accordingly<i>pro bono publico</i>, i. e., for the purpose of excluding from the practice of medicine all persons not educationally fitted according to orthodox ideas. This is a laudable purpose and a child of a good principle. But the promoters of the proposed bill, as
Most training posts are filled, but 2000 trainee doctors may still be jobless in October
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

the chief medical officer for England, has named, in his latest annual report, "unacceptably poor" hand hygiene in hospitals and the chronic lack of organs for transplantation as the two most pressing public health issues.Despite improvements in some hand hygiene practices, he said, such as more widespread use of alcohol based handrubs, the percentage of healthcare staff complying with hand cleaning protocols seldom exceeded 60%-and was often even lower."Patients find it astonishing and alarming that often nurses and doctors do not routinely wash their hands," said Professor Donaldson."However, they often don't feel able to ask doctors or nurses if they've washed their hands."He said it might be possible to empower patients by providing them with their own alcohol based handrubs, which they would be able to offer to clinical staff.A pilot study to test this was already being organised in an NHS hospital, overseen by the hospital hygiene expert Didier Pittet of the World Health Organization.Professor Donaldson also renewed calls for the introduction of an opt-out system for organ donation, in which it would be assumed that people were willing to donate their organs unless they specified otherwise.This was, he said, vital to save lives "among a group of people who are currently dying at a rate of one a day."He said: "There is a shortage of organs in this country, as there is in other countries, and the situation is getting worse."He acknowledged that parliament had already rejected such an opt-out system, but he added: "Confronted with the worsening situation, people who opposed it in the past may now wish to change their minds.
728 Autoimmunity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Prevalence, clinical significance and correlates
Authors: E. Zuckerman, M. Molnar, I. Maor, A. Lanir, S. Zelbem-Sagi, R. Oren, A. Toubi, Y. Bechar, I. Levi, E. Toubi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Efflux of reduced glutathione after exposure of human lung epithelial cells to crocidolite asbestos.
Authors: S A Golladay, S H Park, A E Aust
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This study investigated glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in human lung epithelial cells (A549) exposed to crocidolite. Exposure of A549 cells to 3 micrograms/cm2 crocidolite resulted in a decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione by 36% without a corresponding increase in GSH disulfide. After a 24-hr exposure to crocidolite, 75% of the intracellular GSH lost was recovered in the extracellular medium, of which 50% was in reduced form. Since the half-life of reduced GSH in culture medium was less than 1 hr, this suggests that reduced GSH was released continuously from the cells after treatment. The release of GSH did not appear to result from nonspecific membrane damage, as there was no concomitant release of lactate dehydrogenase or 14C-adenine from loaded cells after crocidolite treatment for 24 hr. Crocidolite exposure resulted in the formation of S-nitrosothiols but no increase in the level of GSH-protein mixed disulfides or GSH conjugates. Exposure of A549 cells to crocidolite for 24 hr decreased gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity by 47% without changes in the activities of GSH reductase, GSH peroxidase, GSH S-transferase, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Treatment of cells with crocidolite pretreated with the iron chelator desferrioxamine B resulted in the same level of intracellular GSH depletion and efflux and the same decrease in gamma-GCS activity as treatment with unmodified crocidolite, which suggests that iron-catalyzed reactions were not responsible for the GSH depletion.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ANTITOXIN PRODUCED IN NORMAL AND ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS HYPERIMMUNIZED WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXOID
Authors: William J. Kuhns
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Studies were carried out on sera from eight subjects hyperimmunized with toxoid who developed marked immediate skin reactivity to toxoid associated with circulating non-precipitating antitoxin. With the use of the rabbit skin test, the agar diffusion technique, and three different methods for passive transfer of skin sensitivity, it was possible to obtain detailed qualitative and quantitative data relating to the antitoxin in these sera. It was found that specimens from six individuals contained only skin-sensitizing antitoxin. Two sera showed a lack of parallelism between antitoxin titers as obtained by rabbit skin test and titers as demonstrated by tests in human skin. It was presumed that these sera contained two different varieties of non-precipitating antitoxins, and that only one of them was skin-sensitizing antitoxin. A new technique is described for measurement of skin-sensitizing antitoxin. Its specificity is based upon the ability of this antitoxin to remain at skin sites and later neutralize the delayed specific toxic effects of intradermal Schick test reagent.
Does gastric acid release plasma somatostatin in man?
Authors: M R Lucey, J A Wass, P D Fairclough, M O'Hare, P Kwasowski, E Penman, J Webb, L H Rees
Journal: Gut (1984)

Food and insulin hypoglycaemia raise plasma concentrations of somatostatin. Both also stimulate gastric acid secretion but it is not clear whether gastric acid itself has any effect on somatostatin secretion. We, therefore, studied the effect on plasma concentrations of somatostatin of infusion of 0.1 N HC1 into the stomach and duodenum of healthy subjects. Plasma somatostatin did not rise with a small dose of HC1 given intragastrically (15 mmol) or intraduodenally (4 mmol). After an intraduodenal infusion of 60 mmol HC1 over 30 minutes, sufficient to reduce intraluminal pH to 2, plasma somatostatin rose moderately in five subjects from a mean value (+/- SEM) of 32 +/- 3 pg/ml to a peak at 10 minutes of 54 +/- 11 pg/ml. It is concluded that: (a) intragastric acid infusions do not release circulating somatostatin in man; and (b) that intraduodenal acidification albeit at grossly supraphysiological doses is a moderate stimulus of plasma somatostatin release. Therefore, gastric acid is unlikely to be a major factor mediating postprandial plasma somatostatin release in man.