tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aggressiveness of breast cancers found with and without screening.
Authors: P. J. Klemi, H. Joensuu, S. Toikkanen, J. Tuominen, O. Rasanen, J. Tyrkko, I. Parvinen
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To examine how breast cancers found by mammographic screening differ from those found outside screening. DESIGN--Comparative cohort study. SETTING--Turku, southwestern Finland. PATIENTS--126 women aged 40-74 years with breast cancer detected during the first round of mammographic screening in 1987-90 and 125 women within the same age range with breast cancer detected outside screening during the same period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Primary tumour size, axillary nodal status, histological features, oestrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations, ploidy, and S phase fraction. RESULTS--Compared with the controls women with cancers detected by screening had a smaller primary tumour (57 (46%) screened v 11 (10%) controls had tumours less than or equal to 11 mm in diameter, p less than 0.0001), and less often had axillary nodal metastases (104 (83%) screened v 71 (57%) controls node negative, p less than 0.0001). After adjustment for the smaller size of the primary tumour compared with control cancers, those cancers detected by screening were less likely to have axillary nodal metastases (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.84), poor histological differentiation (0.20, 0.08 to 0.49), high mitotic counts (0.38, 0.15 to 0.97), tumour necrosis (0.45, 0.22 to 0.93) or to be of the ductal histological type (0.46, 0.22 to 0.95). They had low oestrogen receptor (0.29, 0.12 to 0.70) and progesterone receptor (0.35, 0.17 to 0.92) concentrations less often and had smaller S phase fractions (0.72, 0.55 to 0.96) than control cancers. CONCLUSIONS--Even after adjustment for the smaller size of screen detected breast cancers, their histological and cytometric features suggest low malignant potential. They may also be less likely to metastasise to axillary lymph nodes than cancers found outside screening.
Nurture is more important than nature in childhood obesity, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A study comparing the weight of biological and adopted children to that of their parents has found that lifestyles, rather than genes, are primarily responsible for the children being overweight.1

The researchers, from the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics and Political Science, concluded that policies to influence parents’ lifestyles could help to tackle overweight in children.

For the study the researchers compiled data from 13 years …
Langerhans' cells and subtypes of human papillomavirus in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Authors: R. J. Hawthorn, J. B. Murdoch, A. B. MacLean, R. M. MacKie
Journal: BMJ (1988)

There is strong circumstantial evidence that human papillomavirus is a cofactor in the development of cervical neoplasia. Systemic immunosuppression has also been implicated. A study was therefore carried out examining the relation between subtypes of human papillomavirus and local immunocompetent cells in the cervix. Colposcopically directed punch biopsy specimens were taken from normal cervix and from histologically proved cervical intraepithelial neoplasia for immunohistochemical studies. Human papillomavirus genome probing was performed on the abnormal specimens. A relation was apparent between decreased Langerhans' cells and moderate to high copy numbers of human papillomavirus type 16. The reduction in Langerhans' cells was significant for human papillomavirus type 18 even at low copy numbers. Conversely, the absence of human papillomavirus was associated with increased numbers of Langerhans' cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. These findings suggest that the proposed oncogenic potential of human papillomavirus type 16 and human papillomavirus type 18 in particular may be mediated by a specific effect on the afferent limb of the immune response.
Symptoms May Return After Carpal Tunnel Surgery
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE INITIAL relief of carpal tunnel surgery may be shadowed by significant scar pain and weakness in almost a third of subjects after 2 years. The surgery, in which the carpal tunnel is decompressed by release of the transverse ligament and debridement, is the most common surgery in the worker's compensation population. Painful scars were most common in patients receiving such compensation, compared to patients covered by private insurance or other forms of payment, according to a retrospective review of 60 cases at the State University of New York, Buffalo, School of Medicine. "This high incidence of symptom recurrence has not been previously reported," says Michael P. Nancollas, MD, a fellow in hand surgery at the western New York school who presented the findings at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons meeting in Anaheim, Calif. <h3>Five-Year Follow-up</h3> The study found at an average of 5.5 years' follow-up that 30% of
The New Insulins--Lente, Ultralente, and Semilente
Authors: I. Murray, R. B. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1953)

I8 20 22 24 DAYS OF TREATMENT FIG.2.-Fasting and noon blood sugars, glycosuria, ketosis, and dosage of lente insulin in a male patient aged 40.New case; control good.There have been remarkably few hypoglycaemic reac- tions either in the in-patients or in the out-patients.Such reactions as have occurred have been quite typical and relatively mild, except in one or two instances in which the dose given has been clearly too large and had to be greatly reduced.Reactions have been observed at 10 a.m., three hours after injection, and at noon in the same patient, but not on the same day.The commonest times at which patients on lente insulin before breakfast are liable to have hypoglycaemic reactions appear to be during the morning or afternoon.Nocturnal reactions are uncommon in our experience, and hypoglvcaemia rarely occurs in the early hours of the morning.
Shades of Patrick Henry
Authors: Thomas J. Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I wish to report toJournalreaders that during a recent wandering away from Connecticut into Greenwich Village I discovered a sign in a store in this center for hippies. In large printing it read: <h3>Give me Librium or Give me Meth</h3> The spirit of America lives in the hearts of all.
All Gifts Large and Small
Authors: Dana Katz, Arthur L Caplan, Jon F Merz
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

Much attention has been focused in recent years on the ethical acceptability of physicians receiving gifts from drug companies. Professional guidelines recognize industry gifts as a conflict of interest and establish thresholds prohibiting the exchange of large gifts while expressly allowing for the exchange of small gifts such as pens, note pads, and coffee. Considerable evidence from the social sciences suggests that gifts of negligible value can influence the behavior of the recipient in ways the recipient does not always realize. Policies and guidelines that rely on arbitrary value limits for gift-giving or receipt should be reevaluated.
Aminoguanidine treatment increases elasticity and decreases fluid filtration of large arteries from diabetic rats.
Authors: M S Huijberts, B H Wolffenbuttel, H A Boudier, F R Crijns, A C Kruseman, P Poitevin, B I Lévy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The accumulation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) on collagen and the subsequent stiffening of this matrix protein in diabetes has been described many years ago. Structural modification of collagen in the arterial wall might have important effects on arterial elasticity. Aminoguanidine is known to decrease the formation of AGEs. In this study we evaluated the effects of aminoguanidine treatment on different parameters reflecting arterial wall elasticity in diabetic rats. We demonstrated that treatment of diabetic rats with aminoguanidine resulted in a significant increase in carotid static compliance (+39%, P < 0.01 under control conditions, and +27%, P < 0.01 after abolition of vascular tone by KCN), and a decrease in characteristic aortic input impedance (-40%, P < 0.01). The arterial pulse pressure in aminoguanidine-treated rats was decreased (-15%, P < 0.05) and the pulsatile component of left ventricular power output was relatively diminished (-35%, P < 0.05). In addition, we observed a lower fluid filtration across the carotid wall. These results indicate an increased vascular elasticity, an improved left ventricular-arterial coupling, and a decreased vascular permeability in diabetic rats after aminoguanidine treatment, suggesting that AGE-accumulation on collagen negatively affects arterial wall properties in experimental diabetes.
Re: Florian Jentzmik, Carsten Stephan, Kurt Miller, et al. Sarcosine in Urine after Digital Rectal Examination Fails as a Marker in Prostate Cancer Detection and Identification of Aggressive Tumours. Eur Urol 2010;58:12–8
Authors: Arun Sreekumar, Laila M. Poisson, Thekkelnaycke M. Rajendiran, Amjad P. Khan, Qi Cao, Jindan Yu, Bharathi Laxman, Rohit Mehra, Robert J. Lonigro, Yong Li, Mukesh K. Nyati, Aarif Ahsan, Shanker Kalyana-Sundaram, Bo Han, Xuhong Cao, Jaeman Byun, Gilbert S. Omenn, Debashis Ghoshd, Subramaniam Pennathur, Danny C. Alexander, Alvin Berger, Jeffrey R. Shuster, John T. Wei, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Christopher Beecher, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Inappropriate expression of blood group antigens on biliary and colonic epithelia in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Authors: S Bloom, A Heryet, K Fleming, R W Chapman
Journal: Gut (1993)

The distribution of carbohydrate antigens of the ABO, Lewis, and Kell systems was examined in biliary and colonic epithelial of 11 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) using a panel of 11 monoclonal antibodies. Controls consisted of 27 liver biopsy specimens (11 normal, six alcoholic liver disease, five extrahepatic obstruction, and five primary biliary cirrhosis) and 24 colonic biopsy specimens (six normal, four Crohn9s disease, and 14 ulcerative colitis). There was inappropriate staining with anti-A (four of six, 66%) and anti-B (nine of 11, 81%) in biliary epithelium of PSC patients compared with normal and disease controls. Expression of Lewis antigens was increased in patients with cholestatic liver disease. Ninety one per cent of PSC patients showed a similar pattern of inappropriate staining by anti-A and anti-B antibodies in colonic epithelium compared with 33% of normal and 42% of inflammatory bowel disease controls. There is inappropriate expression of A and B carbohydrate antigens in biliary and colonic epithelium in PSC. Whether these oncofetal antigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition is discussed.
Serious gaps in response to Griffiths.
Authors: E. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1989)

not seem to have a carcinogenic effect, but hepatotoxicity is common.Patients should be followed up closely and should have a liver biopsy after a total dose of I * 5 g-that is, after one to two years of low dose treatment.Unfortunately the trials we have mentioned are difficult to assess as inhaled steroids were either not given at all or given in uncertain amounts.There is clearly a need for an alternative treatment to systemic steroids in this group of patients.The treatment should be less toxic and at least as efficacious.In any trials of new drugs optimal doses of bronchodilators and inhaled steroids should be rigidly defined, and it is important to know whether the drug is effective in its own right or only as a "steroid sparing agent."
Fish Oil in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Peter Rossing, Birgitte V Hansen, Flemming S Nielsen, Bjarne Myrup, Gunhild Hølmer, Hans-Henrik Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE Recent studies in nondiabetic kidney diseases suggest that dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) may have beneficial effects on albuminuria, kidney function, arterial blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, we evaluated the long-term effect of fish oil in diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 1-year double-blind randomized controlled study comparing fish oil (4.6 g n-3 fatty acids/day) with placebo (olive oil) was performed in an outpatient clinic in a tertiary referral center. Thirty-six normotensive IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy were included; 18 were treated with fish oil. Seven patients dropped out (four received fish oil), and results for the remaining 29 are presented. Albuminuria (enzyme immunoassay), glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-labeled EDTA plasma clearance), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, and lipid profile were determined every 6 months. RESULTS Albuminuria increased by 22% (1–46%) (mean [95% CI]) in the fish oil group vs. 15% (−11–49%) in the placebo group (NS). Glomerular filtration rate decreased from 116 ± 7 to 105 ± 7 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2 (mean ± SE) vs. from 108 ± 6 to 103 ± 7, fish oil and placebo, respectively (NS). No significant changes occurred in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure: from 141 ± 4/82 ± 2 mmHg to 142 ± 5/83 ± 2 vs. from 140 ± 4/78 ± 2 to 144 ± 4/80 ± 3, fish oil and placebo, respectively (NS). In the fish oil group, serum triglycerides (median [range]) decreased from 0.97 (0.5–4.0) mmol/l to 0.8 (0.4–3.0) vs. from 1.01 (0.4–2.0) to 1.09 (0.4–2.0) in the placebo group (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and VLDL cholesterol decreased from 0.45 (0.23–1.88) to 0.37 (0.21–1.43) mmol/l vs. from 0.44 (0.21–0.94) to 0.41 (0.17–1.94) (P &amp;lt; 0.05), but total and LDL cholesterol rose in the fish oil compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Our study does not suggest that fish oil has beneficial effects on albuminuria, kidney function, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia in normotensive IDDM patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy.
The IL-23/IL-17 axis in inflammation
Authors: Yoichiro Iwakura, Harumichi Ishigame
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

IL-23 induces the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into highly pathogenic helper T cells (Th17/Th(IL-17)) that produce IL-17, IL-17F, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma and IL-4. Two studies in this issue of the JCI demonstrate that blocking IL-23 or its downstream factors IL-17 and IL-6, but not the IL-12/IFN-gamma pathways, can significantly suppress disease development in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease and MS (see the related articles beginning on pages 1310 and 1317). These studies suggest that the IL-23/IL-17 pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
FRI0192 Effect of TNF Blocking Therapy on Osteoclasts from Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients
Authors: I.P. Perpétuo, R. Raposeiro, J. Caetano-Lopes, E. Vieira-Sousa, R. Campanilho-Marques, C. Ponte, H. Canhão, M. Ainola, J.E. Fonseca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease of the axial skeleton, characterized by systemic osteoporosis along with new local bone formation. Previous studies have shown that serum levels of TNF, IL-6 and IL-17 are increased in AS patients and may be implicated in the development of secondary osteoporosis, since these cytokines are able to induce osteoclast (OC) differentiation and, therefore, bone resorption. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this work we aimed to assess the effects of TNF-blocking therapy in the systemic inflammatory environment of AS patients with active disease as well as in OC differentiation and activity. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with AS starting TNF-blocking therapy were recruited for this study and blood was collected at baseline and 6 months after the first treatment administration. We performed ELISAs in the serum of these patients to assess cytokine levels and bone turnover markers. We also characterized RANKL surface expression in circulating neutrophils, B and T lymphocytes and monocyte subpopulation frequency and phenotype by flow cytometry. We cultured circulating monocytes from AS patients, before and after therapy, and from healthy controls under osteoclastogenic conditions. We performed two functional assays (TRAP staining and resorption pit assay) and analyzed the expression of osteoclast specific genes. <h3>Results</h3> We found no differences (before and after treatment) in any of the circulating monocytes9 subpopulations regarding frequency or cell death assessed by annexin staining. Phenotype analysis only revealed differences in the classical monocyte subpopulation where there was a significant decrease in HLA-DR surface expression after treatment. The frequency of RANKL positive B lymphocytes was reduced after treatment. No changes were observed on RANKL expression in neutrophils or T lymphocytes after treatment. Before TNF-blocking treatment AS patients have increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines when compared with healthy subjects. After TNF-blocking therapy IL-17, TGF-β and osteoprotegerin were significantly decreased. Interestingly, we observed that after TNF-blocking therapy, gene expression was favouring osteoclastogenesis and that differentiated OCs have increased resorption activity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that in AS patients there might be a paradoxical effect of TNF blocking therapy that induces OC activity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
"The Spooner Bill."
Authors: U. O. B. Wingate
Journal: JAMA (1899)

tabes, is made more pronounced in the statistics of the author.In all some 136 cases of tabes were closely studied, and of these, deducting six doubtful cases, 28.6 per cent, had had syphilis, while 71.4 per cent, were distinctly nonsyphilitic."The author also considers the evidence derived from the fruitfulness of syphilitic medication, and gives his approval of the general methods used to strengthen the body-baths, massage and electricity."•-Ed.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON KERATOHYALIN IN WARTS
Authors: E. MEIROWSKY, G. BEHR, S. KEYS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1948)

Journal Article SOME OBSERVATIONS ON KERATOHYALIN IN WARTS Get access E. MEIROWSKY, M.D., E. MEIROWSKY, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. BEHR, M.H.C.P., G. BEHR, M.H.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. KEYS, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P S. KEYS, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 60, Issue 9, 1 September 1948, Pages 275–278, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1948.tb11301.x Published: 01 September 1948
Melanoma in Relatives
Authors: Louis Bauman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Apropos of the LETTER of Robertson toThe Journal( 217 :1553, 1971) I feel it pertinent to mention the following reports.  In January of 1970, when he was 38 years old, a man had a malignant melanoma removed from his scapular area. Histologically, the lesion was invasive and one out of 16 left axillary lymph nodes was positive. In January 1971, a firm, hard nodule was noted near the site of the primary graft. This lesion was excised and found to represent metastatic malignant melanoma. In May, the patient developed severe persistent pains in the back which at first did not respond to the usual muscle relaxants and analgesias. Further specialized x-ray films revealed a lytic lesion in the dorsal vertebral column. Subsequent to this, incapacitating pain made itself evident and the patient developed multiple lytic lesions in the back, became bedridden, and died of generalized metastases,
EXPERIMENTAL TRICHOPHYTON INFECTIONS IN HUMANS AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY OF T. RUBRUM INFECTIONS
Authors: Sharat C. Desai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article EXPERIMENTAL TRICHOPHYTON INFECTIONS IN HUMANS AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY OF T. RUBRUM INFECTIONS Get access Sharat C. Desai Sharat C. Desai Medicare Research Clinics, 105/106, Maker Bhavan No. 3, 21, New Marine Lines, Bombay, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 6, 1 December 1974, Pages 713–714, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12462.x Published: 01 December 1974
A community study of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing. Health outcomes.
Authors: L G Olson, M T King, M J Hensley, N A Saunders
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Four hundred forty-one subjects 34 to 69 yr of age were recruited from a random sample of the community. They answered a questionnaire and were monitored in their homes for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). This report concerns the association between observed SDB and arterial hypertension and vascular disease. Hypertension was defined as self-report of a diagnosis of hypertension made by a physician, current treatment for hypertension, or a systolic pressure greater than 150 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg. Coronary artery disease was defined by self-report of angina or myocardial infarction of "heart attack." There were few cases of stroke or claudication, and a category of "occlusive vascular disease" was defined by self-report of coronary artery disease or of "blocked arteries" or stroke. Subjects were classified as snorers (n = 289) or nonsnorers (n = 73) by self-report of regular snoring, and as having SDB (n = 79) if more than 15 abnormal respiratory events were recorded per hour of recording. There were significant increases in the prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and occlusive vascular disease from nonsnorers (26, 7, and 10%, respectively) through snorers (39, 12, and 17%) to subjects with SDB (57, 20, and 28%). The crude odds ratio for SDB versus nonsnorers was 3.8 (95% CI, 1.9 to 7.5) for hypertension, 3.5 (1.2 to 10.0) for coronary artery disease, and 3.7 (1.5 to 9.1) for occlusive vascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TV report on DTP galvanizes US pediatricians
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1982)

An NBC television documentary on the risks of the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine, aired in April 1982, alarmed parents and elicited criticism from physicians that the program was biased. This article discussed the controversial broadcast, the incidence and risks of whooping cough (pertussis), and the contraindications to receiving the pertussis component of the DPT vaccine. Conflicting reports on the numbers of American and British children damaged by the shots, and physicians' attitudes for and against DPT immunization, are examined.
VITAMINS: CHARMS OR NUTRIENTS
Authors: Charles S. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This morning while walking to my medical student lecture on vitamins, I passed a store window full of vitamin preparations. These included "natural vitamin B complex tablets," "super-natural high potency natural vitamins," vitamin A with 50,000 U. S. P. units per capsule, vitamin E capsules with 100 international units, and "natural" vitamin A and D capsules, among others. What should I advise students about preparations like these, some of which might produce toxicity if long continued, about vitamin preparations also containing various unnecessary minerals, about prophylactic and supplemental multivitamin mixtures? I decided that they should be offered the known facts, be given my reasoned (I hope) opinion, and left to think for themselves. The facts are that many vitamins are known to be required by man, that some in large doses may be toxic, that most have intracellular metabolic activities as coenzymes and that normal individuals eating a variety of
Election to General Medical Council: Representation of Scotland
Authors: A. Allison, W. H. Brown, R. C. Buist, A. K. Chalmers, D. E. Dickson, C. E. Douglas, D. Laing, J. S. Muir, A. W. Mackintosh, J. H. P. Paton, J. B. Simpson, M. B. Steuart, W. E. Terret, R. Thin, G. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1934)