tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Once‐daily fluticasone furoate 50 mcg in mild‐to‐moderate asthma: a 24‐week placebo‐controlled randomized trial
Authors: W. W. Busse, E. D. Bateman, P. M. O'Byrne, J. Lötvall, A. Woodcock, H. Medley, R. Forth, L. Jacques
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Background Inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of treatment in asthma. Fluticasone furoate (FF) is a novel, once-daily ICS asthma therapy. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of FF 50 mcg in patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma. Methods A 24-week, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group phase III study. Three hundred and fifty-one patients (aged ≥12 years; uncontrolled by non-ICS therapy) were randomized to treatment (1 : 1 : 1) with once-daily FF 50 mcg dosed in the evening, twice-daily fluticasone propionate (FP) 100 mcg or placebo. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in evening trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at Week 24. Secondary endpoints were change from baseline in the percentage of rescue-free 24-h periods (powered endpoint), change from baseline in evening and morning peak expiratory flow, change from baseline in the percentage of symptom-free 24-h periods and number of withdrawals due to lack of efficacy. Results Evening trough FEV1 at Week 24 was not statistically significantly increased with FF 50 mcg once-daily (37 ml [95% CI: −55, 128]; P = 0.430), but was with FP 100 mcg twice daily (102 ml [10, 194]; P = 0.030), vs placebo. No consistent trends were observed across other endpoints, including the powered secondary endpoint. No safety concerns were raised for either active treatment. Conclusions FP 100 mcg twice daily improved evening trough FEV1 in patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma, but FF 50 mcg once daily did not demonstrate a significant effect. Secondary endpoints showed variable results. No safety concerns were identified for FF or FP.
Noninvasive pressure support ventilation (NIPSV) with face mask in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE)
Authors: T. Rusterholtz, J. Kempf, C. Berton, S. Gayol, C. Tournoud, M. Zaehringer, A. Jaeger, P. Sauder
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1999)
Nil by mouth
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Do philosophers choose their philosophy, or do their philosophies choose them? Did Hume die an equable death, for example, because of his philosophy, or did his famous even temperedness lead him to his philosophy of ironic stoicism with which his death was consonant?

One philosopher whose thought seems to have been determined by her temperament was Simone Weil (1909–43). She was a brilliant pupil and student, and one of those intimidatingly gifted children who master ancient Greek at a very early age (another was John Stuart Mill, who famously said in his autobiography that he thought it would have been better if he had learnt less Greek and …
Toxocariasis in the British Isles 1982-3.
Authors: G H Ree, A Voller, H A Rowland
Journal: BMJ (1984)

12% environ des chiens de Grande-Bretagne sont porteurs de Toxocara. La parasitose peut etre transmise aux humains, surtout aux enfants. Il faut y penser si un enfant presente une eosinophilie ou une endophtalmite. Le diagnostic serologique presente des difficultes
A Prospective Evaluation of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Authors: S. Adam Strickberger, K. Ching Man, Emile G. Daoud, Rajiva Goyal, Karin Brinkman, Carol Hasse, Frank Bogun, Bradley P. Knight, Raul Weiss, Marwan Bahu, Fred Morady
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy is integral to current therapy for ventricular tachycardia. Patients with an ICD frequently require concomitant antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Despite this, some patients still receive frequent ICD therapies for ventricular tachycardia. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective study was to determine the utility of ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with an ICD who experience frequent ICD therapies. Methods and Results Twenty-one consecutive patients with frequent ICD therapies despite antiarrhythmic drug therapy were the subjects of this study. The mean age was 69±6 years, and 17 were men. The mean ejection fraction was 0.22±0.08, and all patients had coronary artery disease. During the 36±51 days (range, 4 days to 7 months) preceding the ablation procedures, the patients received 34±55 ICD therapies for the clinical ventricular tachycardia, or a mean of 25±88 ICD therapies per month. The patients underwent radiofrequency ablation of the presumed clinical ventricular tachycardia by inducing the tachycardia and mapping according to endocardial activation, continuous electrical activity, pace mapping, concealed entrainment, or mid-diastolic potentials. Ablation of the clinical arrhythmia was successful in 76% of patients during 1.4±0.6 (range, 1 to 3) ablation procedures and required 12.5±9.2 applications of energy. During 11.8±10.0 months of follow-up, the frequency of ICD therapies per month decreased from 60±80 before successful ablation to 0.1±0.3 ICD therapies per month after ablation ( P =.01). A quality-of-life assessment demonstrated a significant improvement after successful ( P =.02) but not unsuccessful ablation ( P =.9). Conclusions Radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia as adjuvant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and an ICD has a reasonable success rate, significantly reduces ICD therapies, and appears to be associated with an improved quality of life.
FDA committee urges tight restrictions on rosiglitazone
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An advisory committee to the US Food and Drug Administration has recommended further restrictions on the drug rosiglitazone (Avandia), used to control type 2 diabetes. The decision came after two days of intense hearings on 13-14 July, outside Washington, DC.

There was no question about the effectiveness of the widely prescribed drug, but a trail of evidence indicated that long term use increased the risk of cardiovascular disease. The meeting focused on the quality of that evidence and the comparative merits of randomised controlled trials, observational studies, and a meta-analysis.

A consensus emerged that the data probably did indicate that rosiglitazone increased the risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly more so than did use of pioglitazone, a drug in the …
Comparison of Skin Tests and RAST for the Diagnosis of Bee Sting Allergy
Authors: R. Patrizzi, U. Müller, L. Yman, R. Hoigné
Journal: Allergy (1979)

Skin tests and estimation of specific IgE‐antibodies by the RAST are evaluated as diagnostic procedures in bee sting hypersensitivity with the following results: Tests with venom antigens are highly superior to tests with wholebody extracts. With bee venom results of skin tests and RAST correspond in 82%, with bee wholebody extracts in 68%. Both with skin tests and the RAST with bee venom a good discrimination between patients with bee sting hypersensitivity and non‐allergic controls is observed. Skin tests with bee venom are somewhat more sensitive than bee venom‐RAST. With the careful skin test procedure chosen, no adverse reactions were observed.
Flow intrusion characteristics and fracture properties of titanium-fibre-reinforced bone cement
Authors: L.D.Timmie Topoleski, Paul Ducheyne, John M. Cuckler
Journal: Biomaterials (1998)

Two clinically relevant considerations for a new bone cement are its fracture properties and flow intrusion characteristics. We present data for a titanium-fibre-reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) (Ti-PMMA). The fracture properties presented are a concise review of previously published material, while the flow intrusion observations are new. We performed fracture toughness and fatigue fracture experiments. Two types of fatigue specimens were designed and tested. A 'smooth' specimen represented the extreme case of minimum surface flaws. The lifetime of a 'smooth' specimen incorporates fatigue crack initiation (FCI) and fatigue crack propagation (FCP). 'Notched' specimens were created by machining a sharp notch into cylindrical specimens. The sharp notch effectively eliminated FCI from a random surface flaw and thus we made the assumption that the lifetime of the notched specimen was a function of FCP only. Fatigue testing was performed on rotating-bending fatigue machines until failure. Fibre addition resulted in a significant increase in fracture toughness over the control bone cement. Fibre addition and the combination of fibre addition and centrifugation increased the fatigue crack initiation and propagation resistance of the bone cement. For the intrusion studies, eight femurs were obtained from four dogs. The femurs were prepared following a procedure similar to that in human hip replacement surgery. One of the pair of femurs from each dog was filled with non-reinforced bone cement and the other was filled with Ti-PMMA. A stainless-steel rod was inserted into the cement to simulate the insertion of a prosthesis stem. The cemented bones were sectioned and then stained with Alizarin Red S to distinguish the bone from the PMMA or Ti-PMMA. Because of the irregular bone morphology, it was not practical to quantify intrusion depth, but instead to make general observations on the intrusion characteristics. The Ti fibres did not generally flow into the small openings; however, fibre addition did not hinder the bone cement's ability to penetrate into bone interstices.
New Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Reply
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Schinagl is making a semantic stretch. To "prolong" remission is not the same as to "maintain" it. Sulfasalazine can only prolong remission in patients willing to give themselves daily enemas "between acute attacks." Those acute attacks mean remission is not being maintained. Phillips et al have confused "enthusiasm" for the search for better treatment with enthusiasm for the use of drugs being studied. The article contains specific warnings about prolonged use of these drugs, especially cyclosporine and methotrexate. "These drugs are by no means accepted" as effective and safe, and "all have possible adverse reactions that can be serious," says Stephen Hanauer, MD, in the article. It will take years of follow-up to know whether any of these treatments prevent progression to cancer. Meanwhile, the enthusiasm for surgery expressed by Phillips et al is shared by few patients. The aversion patients have to having their colons cut up
579. Non-Invasive Measurement of Maximal Strength in the Normal and Dystrophic Dog Quadriceps Using Magnetic Stimulation of the Femoral Nerve
Authors: Frederick J. Balzer, Martin K. Childers, Janet R. Bogan, Daniel J. Bogan, Joe N. Kornegay, Hansell H. Stedman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

FJB and MKC contributed equally to this study. We have previously reported in detail the first gene transfer method to achieve virtually 100% myofiber transduction in proximal limb muscles of the dog - thus establishing the feasibility of high efficiency somatic gene transfer to striated muscle in a large mammal. Our group is currently undertaking to study the efficacy of therapeutic gene delivery in a canine model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Towards this end, our group has developed a novel, completely non-invasive, non-volitional assessment of proximal (quadriceps) muscle strength in the dystrophic dog using magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve. Using a computer controlled 1.4 Tesla electro- magnetic coil capable of inductively triggering isolated single twitches up to complete fusion and sustained supramax titanic contraction, we initially studied quadriceps force produced by inductive magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve in normal dogs with the result that supramaximal stimulation is rapidly achieved and well tolerated in lightly sedated dogs. Following this, we repeated the same experiment on a representative set of dystrophic dogs from the GRMD colony. Again the magnetic stimulation was well tolerated in this context, importantly in the oldest dog studied, a lightly sedated 18 month old GRMD male. Statistical analysis of the quadriceps tetanic force data for normal and GRMD dogs reveals that the general approach is highly reproducible. The average 8 month old GRMD dog tested had a maximal quadriceps force of 1.79 N/kg body weight, only 46% that of even the youngest normal dogs tested (3.91 N/kg at 7 weeks). In contrast, the previous tests of relative force showed that GRMD dogs doubled their strength in the TA/EDL muscle group from 3 to 6 months and thereafter maintained approximately 100% of the value found in the youngest normal dogs tested. Importantly, for the quadriceps force as measured by the present systems, the left versus right limb correlation is even better than that previously observed for tibiotarsal extension, and can be assessed in younger dogs. Based on our current experience we anticipate straightforward extrapolation of this approach to the measurement of quadriceps force in pups at 4 weeks, providing baseline information before the onset of clinically overt muscle weakness. We anticipate that the use of this test sequence in the DMD large animal model will allow us to define the response to regional gene therapy in terms of clinically relevant, statistically robust efficacy endpoints that are internally consistent and replicative.
Books in Review--1994
Authors: E. J. SEIFTER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

We receive an impressive number of books for review. Some texts are large, multiauthored compilations devoted to the broadest topics in cancer research, prevention, and treatment. Other texts are written by individual authors seeking to enlighten colleagues and the public about relatively narrow specializations or controversies. Some works are part of ongoing series, with guest editors and invited contributors, while others are collections of papers from major meetings held in exotic locales. An occasional book offers opinions so far removed from the mainstream that it would never see the light of day in the peer review world. Once again, we present our list of the best books reviewed in the Journal during the previous year. This year, an audiotape has been selected as a “best book.” We will continue to review these alternative information sources as we approach the 21st century. Books cannot be as timely as journals because of longer production times, but good books are superior in other ways. A wealth of carefully crafted figures, tables, and graphs can summarize visually the printed text. More interesting and entertaining styles of writing can convey data in a fashion rarely found in periodicals. Although most texts do not stand the test of time, the best are distinguished by their outstanding production values and writing style as well as their erudition.
Academic Boycott of South Africa
Authors: John Dommisse
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Professor Benatar has castigated all of us involved in promoting the academic boycott of South Africa.<sup>1</sup>He seems less pleased with the success of the academic boycott of South Africa in helping (together with the guerrilla struggle, the internal protests, and the world economic, military, nuclear, and sport boycotts) to bring the government to the negotiating table than he is concerned about real or imagined slights to some (like himself) in South Africa who were not the main architects of apartheid medicine and health care. I have not noticed this sensitivity among those who were most strongly against apartheid, even if they were also victims of the boycott. In fact, they proudly promoted and participated in the boycott and were willing to make the sacrifice of some temporary international communication and interplay for the sake of the greater purpose of the boycott— the eradication of apartheid.
Migration and "Low-Skilled" Workers in Destination Countries
Authors: Joan Benach, Carles Muntaner, Carlos Delclos, María Menéndez, Charlene Ronquillo
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

In the fourth article in a six-part PLoS Medicine series on Migration & Health, Joan Benach and colleagues discuss the specific health risks and policy needs associated with migration in destination countries, especially for low-skilled and illegal migrant workers.
Local activation variability during monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in the dog
Authors: D. S Rosenbaum, D. J Wilber, J. M Smith, D. Du, J. N Ruskin, H. Garan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Local activation variability during monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in the dog Get access David S Rosenbaum, David S Rosenbaum Correspondence to Dr Garan at Cardiac Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David J Wilber, David J Wilber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph M Smith, Joseph M Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Duke Du, Duke Du Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeremy N Ruskin, Jeremy N Ruskin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hasan Garan Hasan Garan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 3, March 1992, Pages 237–243, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.3.237 Published: 01 March 1992 Article history Received: 11 March 1991 Accepted: 18 September 1991 Published: 01 March 1992
New common variants affecting susceptibility to basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Simon N Stacey, Patrick Sulem, Gisli Masson, Sigurjon A Gudjonsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Margret Jakobsdottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Bardur Sigurgeirsson, Kristrun R Benediktsdottir, Kristin Thorisdottir, Rafn Ragnarsson, Dominique Scherer, Kari Hemminki, Peter Rudnai, Eugene Gurzau, Kvetoslava Koppova, Rafael Botella-Estrada, Virtudes Soriano, Pablo Juberias, Berta Saez, Yolanda Gilaberte, Victoria Fuentelsaz, Cristina Corredera, Matilde Grasa, Veronica Höiom, Annika Lindblom, Johannes J Bonenkamp, Michelle M van Rossum, Katja K H Aben, Esther de Vries, Mario Santinami, Maria G Di Mauro, Andrea Maurichi, Judith Wendt, Pia Hochleitner, Hubert Pehamberger, Julius Gudmundsson, Droplaug N Magnusdottir, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Hilma Holm, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Michael L Frigge, Thorarinn Blondal, Jona Saemundsdottir, Hjördis Bjarnason, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Ichiro Okamoto, Licia Rivoltini, Monica Rodolfo, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Johan Hansson, Eduardo Nagore, José I Mayordomo, Rajiv Kumar, Margaret R Karagas, Heather H Nelson, Jeffrey R Gulcher, Thorunn Rafnar, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Jon H Olafsson, Augustine Kong, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Ultrasoft X Rays: An Historical and Critical Review of the World Experience With Grenz Rays and Other X Rays of Long Wavelength
Authors: Thomas P. Kugelman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In this monograph, Hollander attempts a much-needed review and "defense" of grenz or Bucky ray therapy and its clinical applicability in dermatology today. His extensive experience, diligent research, and enthusiasm amply qualify him for this task. He succeeds in presenting a reasonably objective assessment of the advantages, risks, and problems of grenz-ray therapy, while dispelling some of the myths, confusion, and disagreements surrounding its use. The first half of the book covers radiation physics and other technical aspects, the remainder the therapy of skin diseases. Short chapters on historical background and other therapeutic applications add little substance. The reviewer, with a clinical dermatologist's bias, would have preferred condensing the technical chapters, which cover material familiar to most therapists, in favor of more critical evaluation and interpretation of the large mass of clinical data presented. Many isolated and conflicting case reports are cited with insufficient comment and analysis of discrepancies. A
Combined hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis of accidental hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis staff members: Comparison with immune globulin without vaccine in historical controls
Authors: Takehiro Mitsui, Keiko Iwano, Shigeru Suzuki, Chikao Yamazaki, Kazuo Masuko, Fumio Tsuda, Shinobu Aihara, Yoshihiro Akahane, Yuzo Miyakawa, Makoto Mayumi
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Twenty-three staff members serving in a hemodialysis unit were exposed accidentally to needlestick contaminated with blood containing hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen, as well as high levels of DNA polymerase activity (greater than 100 cpm). They received hepatitis B vaccine (20 micrograms) simultaneously with hepatitis B immune globulin (5 ml, 200 IU per ml) within 48 hr after the exposure, and the vaccination was repeated at 1 and 3 months. The protective efficacy was compared with that in a past study in the same unit in which 33 members were given hepatitis B immune globulin alone within 48 hr after the exposure to blood with similarly high levels of DNA polymerase activity. No differences were noted in age or sex between the staff members who were vaccinated and those who were not, nor were there any differences between their inocula in the titers of hepatitis B virus markers. During 12 months after the accident, only one (4%) of the 23 vaccinated members contracted hepatitis B virus infection, at a frequency significantly lower than 11 (33%) of the 33 members who did not receive vaccine (p less than 0.02). These results indicate that hepatitis B vaccine, when given in combination with hepatitis B immune globulin, is efficacious for postexposure immunoprophylaxis of accidental infection.
Electrocardiographic precordial mapping in anterior myocardial infarction. The critical period for interventions as exemplified by methylprednisolone.
Authors: A P Selwyn, K M Fox, E Welman, A Jonathan, J P Shillingford
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Serial 72-point precordial mapping of ECG has been recorded to describe the natural history of changes in the precordial areas of ST segment elevation and the development of Q waves in 51 patients with acute uncomplicated anterior myocardial infarction. Eight patients have been studied in the same way but received 25 mg/kg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate as a single intravenous injection within 6 hours from the onset of chest pain. There was a linear relationship between the stable precordial area of Q waves at 24 hours and the rapidly changing precordial areas of ST segment elevation at 2--3 hours, 5--6 hours and 12 hours after the onset of pain in the untreated patients. When methylprednisolone was given, the treated patients developed a smaller precordial area of Q waves at 24 hours than was predicted from the precordial area of ST elevation recorded before the drug was given. This study has introduced a technique that can provide a qualitative assessment of the relationship between ECG evidence of ischemia and infarction in each patient.