tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Tau and Phosphorylated Tau in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: Tobias Skillbäck, Christoffer Rosén, Fredrik Asztely, Niklas Mattsson, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Identifying a clinical distinction between the invariably lethal prion disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and nonprion rapidly progressive dementias is important and sometimes difficult; thus, reliable tools for diagnosis are in great demand. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the diagnostic performance of dementia cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and the T-tau to P-tau ratio for CJD by analyzing the results from a large database of routine clinical samples in combination with diagnosis information from the Swedish Mortality Registry. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This was a retrospective cohort study. We cross-referenced the Swedish Mortality Registry with a data set of CSF measurements of T-tau and P-tau performed in routine clinical testing at the Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory of the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, which serves most of Sweden. The data set consisted of 9765 deceased individuals with CSF measures, including 93 with CJD, with 52 autopsy-verified samples (56%). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> For each patient, T-tau and P-tau levels in CSF were measured and the T-tau to P-tau ratio was calculated. Biomarker levels (adjusted for age and sex) were analyzed in relation to the recorded cause of death and time of death. We specifically tested a previously defined CJD biomarker profile (T-tau &gt;1400 ng/L and T-tau to P-tau-ratio &gt;25). <h3>Results</h3> Patients who died of CJD had elevated CSF T-tau levels and T-tau to P-tau ratio, but not elevated CSF P-tau levels, compared with patients who died of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias. The previously defined biomarker profile had a specificity of 99.0%, a sensitivity of 78.5%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 79.9. When tested against common differential diagnoses, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio of this profile was 78.5%, 99.6%, and 196.6, respectively, in relation to AD and 78.5%, 99.3%, and 109.3, respectively, in relation to other dementias. In CJD individuals (n = 30) with repeated measurements, but not in those with AD (n = 242) or other dementias (n = 258), T-tau levels and T-tau to P-tau ratios increased over time. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this routine clinical setting, the combination of increased T-tau levels and increased T-tau to P-tau ratios in CJD patients has a very high specificity against important differential diagnoses to CJD and may serve as a clinically useful diagnostic test.
Donor splice site mutation in the apolipoprotein (Apo) C-II gene (Apo C-IIHamburg) of a patient with Apo C-II deficiency.
Authors: S S Fojo, U Beisiegel, U Beil, K Higuchi, M Bojanovski, R E Gregg, H Greten, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The DNA, RNA, and protein of apo C-II have been analyzed in a patient with apo C-II deficiency (apo C-IIHamburg). Markedly reduced levels of plasma and intrahepatic C-II apolipoprotein were demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Northern, slot blot, and in situ hybridization studies revealed low levels of a normal-sized apo C-II mRNA. No major rearrangement of the apo C-II gene was detected by Southern blotting. Sequence analysis of apo C-II genomic clones revealed a G-to-C substitution within the donor splice site of intron II. This base substitution resulted in the formation of a new Dde I and loss of a Hph I restriction enzyme cleavage site. Amplification of the mutant sequence by the polymerase chain reaction and digestion with Dde I and Hph I restriction enzymes established that the patient was homozygous for the G-to-C mutation. This is the initial report of the DNA sequence of an abnormal apo C-II gene from a patient with deficiency of apo C-II. We propose that this donor splice site mutation is the primary genetic defect that leads to defective splicing and ultimately to an apo C-II deficiency in this kindred.
Risk of Early-Onset Neonatal Infection with Maternal Infection or Colonization: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Grace J. Chan, Anne CC Lee, Abdullah H. Baqui, Jingwen Tan, Robert E. Black
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background Neonatal infections cause a significant proportion of deaths in the first week of life, yet little is known about risk factors and pathways of transmission for early-onset neonatal sepsis globally. We aimed to estimate the risk of neonatal infection (excluding sexually transmitted diseases [STDs] or congenital infections) in the first seven days of life among newborns of mothers with bacterial infection or colonization during the intrapartum period. Methods and Findings We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the World Health Organization Regional Databases for studies of maternal infection, vertical transmission, and neonatal infection published from January 1, 1960 to March 30, 2013. Studies were included that reported effect measures on the risk of neonatal infection among newborns exposed to maternal infection. Random effects meta-analyses were used to pool data and calculate the odds ratio estimates of risk of infection. Eighty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies (8.4%) were from high neonatal mortality settings. Considerable heterogeneity existed between studies given the various definitions of laboratory-confirmed and clinical signs of infection, as well as for colonization and risk factors. The odds ratio for neonatal lab-confirmed infection among newborns of mothers with lab-confirmed infection was 6.6 (95% CI 3.9–11.2). Newborns of mothers with colonization had a 9.4 (95% CI 3.1–28.5) times higher odds of lab-confirmed infection than newborns of non-colonized mothers. Newborns of mothers with risk factors for infection (defined as prelabour rupture of membranes [PROM], preterm <37 weeks PROM, and prolonged ROM) had a 2.3 (95% CI 1.0–5.4) times higher odds of infection than newborns of mothers without risk factors. Conclusions Neonatal infection in the first week of life is associated with maternal infection and colonization. High-quality studies, particularly from settings with high neonatal mortality, are needed to determine whether targeting treatment of maternal infections or colonization, and/or prophylactic antibiotic treatment of newborns of high risk mothers, may prevent a significant proportion of early-onset neonatal sepsis. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
India moves to curb unethical drug promotional practices
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Medical Council of India has launched new rules to stop doctors accepting gifts or sponsorships from drug companies, amid longstanding concerns about unethical drug promotional practices in the country.

The council, India’s apex regulatory agency for licensing doctors, has issued a code of conduct that prohibits doctors from accepting gifts, payments, assistance with travel, or hospitality from drug companies or their representatives.

In amendments to rules governing the professional conduct, etiquette, and ethics of doctors, the council has also specified that medical practitioners should not accept any monetary grants from drug …
Kidney Transplant Chains Amplify Benefit of Nondirected Donors
Authors: Marc L. Melcher, Jeffrey L. Veale, Basit Javaid, David B. Leeser, Connie L. Davis, Garet Hil, John E. Milner
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Despite the potential for altruistic nondirected donors (NDDs) to trigger multiple transplants through nonsimultaneous transplant chains, concerns exist that these chains siphon NDDs from the deceased donor wait list and that donors within chains might not donate after their partner receives a transplant.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the number of transplantations NDDs trigger through chains.<h3>Design</h3>Retrospective review of large, multicenter living donor–recipient database.<h3>Setting</h3>Fifty-seven US transplant centers contributing donor-recipient pairs to the database.<h3>Participants</h3>The NDDs initiating chain transplantation.<h3>Main Outcomes Measure</h3>Number of transplants per NDD.<h3>Results</h3>Seventy-seven NDDs enabled 373 transplantations during 46 months starting February 2008. Mean chain length initiated by NDDs was 4.8 transplants (median, 3; range, 1-30). The 40 blood type O NDDs triggered a mean chain length of 6.0 (median, 4; range, 2-30). During the interval, 66 of 77 chains were closed to the wait list, 4 of 77 were ongoing, and 7 of 77 were broken because bridge donors became unavailable. No chains were broken in the last 15 months, and every recipient whose incompatible donor donated received a kidney. One hundred thirty-three blood type O recipients were transplanted.<h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3>This large series demonstrates that NDDs trigger almost 5 transplants on average, more if the NDD is blood type O. There were more blood type O recipients than blood type O NDDs participating. The benefits of transplanting 373 patients and enabling others without living donors to advance outweigh the risk of broken chains that is decreasing with experience. Even 66 patients on the wait list without living donors underwent transplantation with living-donor grafts at the end of these chains.
Normal intestinal dietary fat and cholesterol absorption, intestinal apolipoprotein B (ApoB) mRNA levels, and ApoB-48 synthesis in a hypobetalipoproteinemic kindred without any ApoB truncation
Authors: Judit I. Pulai, Maurizio Averna, Rai Ajit K. Srivastava, Mickey A. Latour, Ray E. Clouse, Richard E. Ostlund, Gustav Schonfeld
Journal: Metabolism (1997)
May and Worth's Manual of Diseases of the Eye
Authors: Herbert E. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The books which are summaries of ophthalmology intended "for the student and the general practitioner of medicine" have contributed much to medical and ophthalmic education over the years, and have been classics in ophthalmology. The American publication under review, for example, is the 24th edition of this highly successful textbook. There is a remarkable condensation of information in the 430 pages, and a knowledge of all of this information would do credit not only to students and general practitioners but to specialists as well. In some ways, a work such as this suffers from the accretion of information from a general survey. Therapies which many would consider obsolete continue to receive prominent mention, whereas minimal stress is placed on some newer techniques and procedures which have become of prime importance. For example, more space is given to a detailed discussion of diphtheritic conjunctivitis, a condition rarely seen in this era,
LENSES FOR THE STUDY OF THE SCISSOR MOVEMENT, CONIC CORNEA AND SPHERIC ABERRATION WITH THE RETINOSCOPE.
Authors: JAMES THORINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

As the scissor movement, conic cornea and spheric aberration, as recognized by the retinoscope, are so difficult of demonstration, except in the individual patient, the writer has had made three lenses which will illustrate these conditions respectively, when placed in front of his schematic eye; and thus the beginner in retinoscopy may have the opportunity to see, know and study these important and interesting manifestations, before proceeding direct and in comparative ignorance to his patient. Figure 1, is a plano-concave cylinder of 2 D., mounted in a cell of the trial case and to one half of its plane surface is cemented (at the same axis) a plano-convex cylinder of 4. D., thus making a combination lens, one-half of which is a -2 D., and the other half a +2 D. Placing this lens with its axis at 180 degrees, before the schematic eye at emmetropia (zero) and the observer
Eosinophils: ‘new’ roles for ‘old’ cells
Authors: A. Munitz, F. Levi‐Schaffer
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Prominent blood and tissue eosinophilia is manifested in a number of inflammatory states, particularly in allergic diseases. Eosinophils are a source of numerous cytokines and growth factors, thus in principle they can display both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory activities as well as immunoregulatory ones. In this review, we will discuss the cross‐talk between eosinophils and other cell types that they come in contact with in the inflammatory milieu, such as mast cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. ‘New’ roles for eosinophils in cancer and novel activatory signals will also be described.
Genetic studies of autoimmunity and retrovirus expression in crosses of New Zealand black mice. II. The viral envelope glycoprotein gp70.
Authors: S K Datta, P J McConahey, N Manny, A N Theofilopoulos, F J Dixon, R S Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The retroviral envelope glycoprotein, gp70 was measured in the serum of New Zealand Black (NZB) and SWR mice and the progeny of their crosses. The serum gp70 values segregated to "NZB-like" and "SWR-like" levels in these mice. A complex mechanism determined the inheritance of NZB-like serum gp70 levels. We found that the factors determining the expression of this retroviral protein were independent of the genes (Nzv-1 and Nzv-2) that determined the expression of infectious xenotropic virus. Autoimmune disease, including immune deposit nephritis could be dissociated from the degree of expression of serum gp70. By contrast, presence of circulating immune complexes and anti-DNA antibody did correlate with the development of nephritis in these crosses. A significant correlation was found between high grade expression of serum gp70 and the presence of lymphomas in these mice.
Abdominal Patterns of lndium-111 Labeled Leukocyte Imaging
Authors: LUCIE CARRIER, DANIEL PICARD, RAYMONDE CHARTRAND, DANIEL DIONNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

In-111 oxine WBC abdominal scanning is now a widely accepted technique for the detection of abdominal infectious processes. High sensitivity and specificity are achieved. In-111 labeled leukocyte accumulation, however, does not always suggest the diagnosis of abscess. Higher specificity could be obtained by the knowledge of the In-111 leukocyte distribution pattern in the abdomen in other pathologic states like inflammation of abdominal wounds, stoma; surgical complication without abscess formation; inflammatory or ischemic bowel disease; or swallowing leukocytes which subsequently are visualized in the intestinal lumen. One hundred fifty-two consecutive WBC scans performed over 18 months were reviewed and classified according to their pattern of uptake: 96 cases showed no abdominal uptake, and 56 had accumulation of leukocytes in the abdomen. Twenty-eight of these patients had proven abdominal abscess, and the remaining 26 were positive due to other causes. This report briefly discusses the distribution pattern of In-111 labeled leukocytes in the latter patients and compares the results obtained using different diagnostic criteria.
A piece of my mind. The night doctor
Authors: J. H. Karlawish
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2380: Reduced CD44 and OTP gene expression are strong indicators of poor prognosis in pulmonary carcinoids.
Authors: Dorian RA Swarts, Mieke Henfling, Leander van Neste, Robert J. van Suylen, Anne-Marie Dingemans, Winand NM Dinjens, Annick Haesevoets, Martina Rudelius, Erik Thunnissen, Marco Volante, Wim van Criekinge, Manon van Engeland, Frans CS Ramaekers, Ernst-Jan M. Speel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Pulmonary carcinoids are well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors showing usually a favorable prognosis. However, there is a risk for late recurrence and/or distant metastasis. Because histological classification in typical and atypical (AC) carcinoids is difficult and its reliability to predict disease outcome varies, we evaluated three genes as potential prognostic markers, i.e., OTP, CD44 and RET. Methods: These genes were analyzed in 56 frozen carcinoids by quantitative RT-PCR. RET was further studied by methylation and mutation analysis. Immunohistochemistry for CD44 and OTP protein expression was performed on 292 carcinoids. Results: Low mRNA expression levels of CD44 (p=1.3e-5) and OTP (p=0.012), and high levels of RET (p=0.0025), were strongly associated with a low 20-year survival of carcinoid patients. High RET expression was not related to promoter hypomethylation or gene mutations. A direct link between gene expression and protein levels was confirmed for CD44 and OTP, but not for RET. Within all carcinoids as well as ACs, absence of CD44 protein was significantly associated with low 20-year survival (p=8.6e-5 and p=0.00015, respectively). The absence of nuclear OTP followed by complete loss of expression was also significantly associated with unfavorable disease outcome in all carcinoids (p=2.9e-5). Multivariate analysis revealed that CD44 and OTP immunostaining combined with histopathology is the optimal indicator for patient outcome. Conclusions: Our study indicates that CD44 and OTP are strong indicators of poor outcome. We therefore argue for implementation of these markers in routine diagnostics in addition to histopathology to improve subclassification of pulmonary carcinoids into prognostically relevant categories. Citation Format: Dorian RA Swarts, Mieke Henfling, Leander van Neste, Robert J. van Suylen, Anne-Marie Dingemans, Winand NM Dinjens, Annick Haesevoets, Martina Rudelius, Erik Thunnissen, Marco Volante, Wim van Criekinge, Manon van Engeland, Frans CS Ramaekers, Ernst-Jan M. Speel. Reduced CD44 and OTP gene expression are strong indicators of poor prognosis in pulmonary carcinoids. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2380. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2380
The Cell Builders
Authors: Sharad D. Deodhar
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book deals with one of the more exciting, recent developments in cancer therapy: the use of the body's own defense mechanisms in combating cancer. This approach utilizes agents collectively referred to as<i>biological response modifiers</i>, which are receiving a great deal of attention nationally and internationally. Tumor-directed monoclonal antibodies, interferons, and interleukins are examples of these agents.
THE SPARING EFFECT OF COXSACKIE VIRUS INFECTION ON EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Young mice infected with Group B Coxsackie virus were rendered markedly resistant to poliomyelitis virus given from 4 to 10 days later. A sparing effect was detectable in somewhat older mice and in young mice inoculated with poliomyelitis after shorter intervals, but in both cases few mice survived. Interference was manifest by survival, by prolongation of the course of poliomyelitis, and by a decreased frequency of poliomyelitis.
HLA DRB4 0101-restricted immunodominant T cell autoepitope of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in primary biliary cirrhosis: evidence of molecular mimicry in human autoimmune diseases.
Authors: S Shimoda, M Nakamura, H Ishibashi, K Hayashida, Y Niho
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

We established six T cell clones specific for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)-E2 peptides from four different patients with primary biliary cirrhosis using 33 different peptides of 17-20 amino acid residues corresponding to human PDC-E2 as stimulating antigens. The minimal T cell epitopes of these six T cell clones were all mapped to the same region of the PDC-E2 peptide 163-176 (GDLLAEIETDKATI), which corresponds to the inner lipoyl domain of PDC-E2. The HLA restriction molecules for this epitope were all identified as HLA DRB4 0101. The common essential amino acids of this epitope for these T cell clones were E, D, and K at positions 170, 172, and 173, respectively; other crucial amino acids for this epitope differed in each T cell clone. In addition, the alanine-substituted peptides at positions 170 and 173, but not 172, inhibited the proliferation of all T cell clones induced by the original peptide of human PDC-E2 163-176, indicating that amino acid D at position 172 is a critical MHC-binding site for all T cell clones tested. Interestingly, all T cell clones reacted to PDC-E2 peptide 36-49 (GDLIAEVETDKATV), which corresponds to the outer lipoyl domain of human PDC-E2. Furthermore, one T cell clone cross-reacted with exogenous antigens such as Escherichia coli PDC-E2 peptide 31-44/134-147/235-248 (EQSLITVEGDKASM), which has an EXDK sequence. This is a definite demonstration of the presence of molecular mimicry at the T cell clonal level in human autoimmune diseases. It is also considered possible to design peptide-specific immunotherapy based on the findings of T cell autoepitopes in primary biliary cirrhosis.
P5 Lymphocyte adhesion to brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: H.E. de Vries, A.C.E. Moor, M.C.M. Blom-Roosmalen, A.G. de Boer, J. Kuiper, Th.J.C. van Berkel, D.D. Breimer
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1994)
Internal Medicine Residency Program Violations of the Minimum Autopsy Rate
Authors: I. J. Schatz
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Campman<sup>1</sup>sends a compelling message: in spite of the documented value of autopsies, physicians are not requesting them and pathologists are not performing them. The Residency Review Committee for Internal Medicine recognized this problem by requiring autopsies in at least 15% of deaths on the medical service in accredited residency programs. Residents also must be notified about autopsies performed on their patients and should attend them, and pathological material should be used during formally structured subsequent teaching sessions. Despite these rigorous requirements, we now have evidence to support Campman's conclusions: from January 1991 to May 1994, 51% of 386 internal medicine residency programs reviewed for accreditation were cited for violation of this particular standard (Table). Clearly, the educational community in internal medicine has not convinced its constituents of the value of autopsies. Even the risk of an important citation, which might lead to an adverse