tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The natural history of asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function.
Authors: R O Bonow, D R Rosing, C L McIntosh, M Jones, B J Maron, K K Lan, E Lakatos, S L Bacharach, M V Green, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function, aortic valve replacement has been recommended to preserve left ventricular function.In such patients, however, the natural history without operation is unknown.We therefore performed serial studies in 77 asymptomatic patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction at rest as determined by radionuclide angiography and normal left ventricular fractional shortening as determined by echo- cardiography; 63 patients had 3 + to 4 + aortic regurgitation visualized by aortic root cineangiography, and the other 14 patients had pulse pressures >70 mm Hg.During mean follow-up of 49 months (range 6 to 114) no patient died and 12 patients underwent aortic valve replacement because of the onset of symptoms (11 patients) or the onset of left ventricular dysfunction without symptoms (one patient).By life table analysis, the percent of patients who did not require operation was 90 ± 3% ( + SE) at 3 years, 81 + 6% at 5 years, and 75 ± 7% at 7 years.In the 12 who did have surgery there were no operative or late deaths (postoperative follow-up 8 to 75 months, mean 38), left ventricular ejection fraction increased (45 ± 5% [ + SD] preoperatively, 58 + 11 postoperatively; p < .001),and left ventricular diastolic dimension determined echocardiographically decreased (74 4 mm preoperative- ly, 52 + 5 mm postoperatively; p < .001).Thus, in asymptomatic patients with normal left ventricular function, death is rare, and less than 4% per year require aortic valve replacement because symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction develop.When aortic valve replacement is delayed until symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction develop, postoperative survival is excellent, and left ventricular size and function improve postoperatively.Hence, "prophylactic" aortic valve replacement to preserve left ventricular function should not be performed in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function.Circulation 68, No. 3, 509-517, 1983.LEFT VENTRICULAR systolic function is an important determinant of long-term prognosis in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation.Numerous studies indicate that symptomatic patients with impaired pre- operative left ventricular function are at risk for irre- versible myocardial dysfunction and death from con- gestive heart failure after aortic valve replacement.'-7Hence, many investigators recommend that asymp- tomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with left ven- tricular dysfunction should undergo operation before the development of severe symptoms.4' 8-13The fear of a patient developing irreversible left ventricular failure
TCT-3 Outcomes in STEMI patients treated with clopidogrel or prasugrel: A propensity adjusted analysis from the INFUSE-AMI Trial
Authors: Keith G. Oldroyd, Sorin Brener, Akiko Maehara, Magdi El-Omar, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Ke Xu, Roxana Mehran, C. Michael Gibson, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for advanced myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Samer Bibawi, Dima Abi‐Said, Luis Fayad, Paolo Anderlini, Naoto T. Ueno, Rakesh Mehra, Issa Khouri, Sergio Giralt, James Gajewski, Michelle Donato, David Claxton, Ira Braunschweig, Koen van Besien, Michael Andreeff, Borje S. Andersson, Elihu H. Estey, Richard Champlin, Donna Przepiorka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Sixty-two adults underwent marrow or blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched related donor using high-dose thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (TBC) as the preparative regimen for treatment of advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (refractory anemia with excess blasts with or without transformation) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) past first remission. All evaluable patients engrafted and had complete donor chimerism. A grade 3-4 regimen-related toxicity occurred in eight (13%) patients, and a diagnosis of MDS was the only independent risk factor for grade 3-4 regimen-related toxicity (hazard ratio 9.25, P = 0.01). Day-100 treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 19%. Poor-prognosis cytogenetics increased the risk of day-100 TRM (hazard ratio 11.4, P = 0.003), and use of tacrolimus for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis reduced the risk of day-100 TRM (hazard ratio 0.13, P = 0.027). For all patients, the three-year relapse rate was 43% (95% CI, 28%-58%). Refractoriness to conventional induction chemotherapy prior to transplantation was an independent risk factor for relapse (hazard ratio 10.8, P = 0.02). Three-year survival was 26% (95% CI, 14%-37%); survival rates were 29% for those transplanted for AML in second remission, 31% transplanted for AML in relapse, and 17% with MDS, and there were no independent risk factors for survival. TBC is an active preparative regimen for advanced AML. Patients with advanced MDS appeared to have a higher risk of toxicity and early mortality, and alternative preparative regimens should be considered for these patients.
The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult
Authors: Lynn C. Smitherman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Negligence of medical experts
Authors: Frank Frizelle
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Reduction in mortality from breast cancerDecrease with screening was marked in younger age group Editor-Based on a complicated statistical model, Olsen et al reported that the breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen dropped by 25% for women aged 50-79 when comparing mortality in the screening period (1991-2001) with a pre-screening period (1981-91) and claimed that this decrease was caused by screening. 1According to Statistics Denmark, 217 breast cancer deaths occurred in Copenhagen in the age group 35-54 years in the period 1981-90 and 196 deaths in 1991-2000. 2By comparing these data with those in the article by Olsen et al we calculate that less than 5% of the breast cancer mortality in this age group is caused by tumours diagnosed after age 50 years when women were invited to screening.The number of exposure years increased from about 484 000 to about 538 000.This gives a significant 19% (age adjusted) reduction in breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.No reduction at all occurred in the age group 55-79. 2Our estimates are based on raw and complete data.In contrast, the estimates in the paper by Olsen et al are sensitive to exclusion of data and model choice.In Copenhagen a drop in breast cancer mortality may reflect a higher fertility quotient due to non-Western immigration, fewer nulliparous women, and other non-screening related factors.It is therefore strange that no causal note was made by Olsen et al on the marked decrease in the breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.
Reversal of Vascular and Renal Crises of Scleroderma by Oral Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Blockade
Authors: Jorge A. Lopez-Ovejero, Stuart D. Saal, William A. D'Angelo, Jhoong S. Cheigh, Kurt H. Stenzel, John H. Laragh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

UNTIL successful medical management of scleroderma crisis was reported,1 2 3 4 bilateral nephrectomy was thought to be the only therapy to control this emergency and permit survival.5 6 7 We report here two cases of dramatic reversal of scleroderma vascular and renal crises with the oral angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor SQ 14225 (Captopril).8 , 9 Case Reports Case 1. Scleroderma was diagnosed in a 33-year-old woman in 1976. In 1977, a hospital evaluation revealed that her blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg, serum creatinine 0.8 mg per 100 ml, creatinine clearance 86 ml per minute, urinary protein less than 100 mg per 24 hours, plasma renin activity 2.0 . . .
Phase I and Biomarker Study of ABT-869, a Multiple Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Refractory Solid Malignancies
Authors: Chiung-Ing Wong, Tong-San Koh, Ross Soo, Septian Hartono, Choon-Hua Thng, Evelyn McKeegan, Wei-Peng Yong, Chien-Shing Chen, Soo-Chin Lee, John Wong, Robert Lim, Norita Sukri, Siew-Eng Lim, Ai-Bee Ong, Joyce Steinberg, Neeraj Gupta, Rajendra Pradhan, Rod Humerickhouse, Boon-Cher Goh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To determine the safety and tolerability of ABT-869 at escalating doses and its effects on biomarkers relevant for antiangiogenic activity in patients with solid malignancies.Patients with solid malignancies refractory to or for which no standard effective therapy exists were enrolled onto escalating-dose cohorts and treated with oral ABT-869 once daily continuously.Thirty-three patients were studied at doses of 10 mg/d, 0.1 mg/kg/d, 0.25 mg/kg/d, and 0.3 mg/kg/d. Dose-limiting toxicities in the first cycle (21 days) included grade 3 fatigue in a patient at 10 mg/d, grade 3 proteinuria and grade 3 hypertension in two separate patients at 0.25 mg/kg/d, and grade 3 hypertension and grade 3 proteinuria in two separate patients at 0.3 mg/kg/d, which was the maximum-tolerated dose. Other significant treatment-related adverse events included asthenia, hand and foot blisters, and myalgia. Oral clearance of ABT-869 was linear, with a mean of 2.7 +/- 1.2 L/h and half-life of 18.4 +/- 5.7 hours, with no evidence of drug accumulation at day 15. Two patients with lung cancer and one patient with colon cancer achieved partial response. Stable disease for more than four cycles was observed in 16 patients (48%). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) showed dose-dependent reduced tumor vascular permeability that correlated with drug exposure. By day 15 of treatment, circulating endothelial cells were significantly reduced (P = .007), whereas plasma vascular endothelial growth factor was increased (P = .004).ABT-869 by continuous once-daily dosing was tolerable at doses </= 0.25 mg/kg/d. Biomarker evidence of antiangiogenic activity and DCE-MRI evidence of tumor antiangiogenesis were observed together with promising clinical activity.
Prevalence of atopy and parasitic infections in urban and rural children in Ghana*1
Authors: B.B. Obeng, A.S. Amoah, R. Van Ree, I. Hesse, K. Bosompem, L. Rodrigues, S. Chai, M.D. Wilson, M. Yazdanbakhsh, D.A. Boakye
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse-Reply
Authors: Mary M. Devlin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  The Judicial Council of the American Medical Association has approved the following opinion on the physician's ethical responsibilities in regard to abuse of children, elderly persons, and others at risk.  Laws that require the reporting of cases of suspected abuse of children and elderly persons often create a difficult dilemma for the physician. The parties involved, both the suspected offenders and the victims, will often plead with the physician that the matter be kept confidential and not be disclosed or reported for investigation by public authorities.  Children who have been seriously injured, apparently by their parents, may, nevertheless, try to protect their parents by saying that the injuries were caused by an accident, such as a fall. The reason may stem from the natural parent-child relationship or fear of further punishment. Even institutionalized elderly patients who have been physically maltreated may be concerned that disclosure of what has
Elevated Plasma Glucose and Lowered Triglyceride Levels From Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Type II Diabetes
Authors: Karen E Friday, Marian T Childs, Christine H Tsunehara, Wilfred Y Fujimoto, Edwin L Bierman, John W Ensinck
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

We studied the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (omega 3FA) on glucose homeostasis and lipoprotein levels in eight type II (non-insulin-dependent)-diabetic subjects ingesting 8 g/day omega 3FA for 8 wk as marine-lipid concentrate capsules. After omega 3FA supplementation, fasting plasma glucose levels increased 22% (P = .005) and meal-stimulated glucose increased 35% (P = .036). The percentage of glucose elevation correlated with percentage ideal body weight (r = .73, P = .04). No significant changes were seen in fasting or meal-stimulated plasma insulin, glucose disposal, or insulin-to-glucagon ratios. Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels showed consistent reductions of 56% (P less than .001) and 42% (P less than .001), respectively, after omega 3FA supplementation. Total cholesterol levels decreased 7% (P less than .05) without alteration in low- or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Thus, omega 3FA supplementation at a dose of 8 g/day significantly improves plasma TG levels but increases fasting and meal-stimulated glucose concentrations in the type II diabetic patient not treated with insulin or sulfonylurea agents. Marine-lipid concentrate capsules supplying large amounts of omega 3FAs should be used cautiously in the type II diabetic patient.
Possible Association Between Leukemia in Children and Virus-Like Agents
Authors: William H. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT The conceptual and experimental problems that must be solved to etiologically implicate viruses in human cancer have been assessed in two classic reports.1,2 The natural history of leukemia in children, with its relative clinical homogeneity and its peak incidence at 31/2 years of age,3 suggests a common antecedent infectious process. Leukemia in animals4 commonly is caused by a virus; it is not unreasonable to assume that viruses also may cause some forms of leukemia in man, particularly childhood leukemia. Attempts to transmit leukemia from one human to another have failed,5 and since human subjects are not suitable for such experiments, indirect evidence must be compiled to implicate virus infection in the etiology of human leukemia. There is agreement1 that investigations should include at least the following steps: (1) isolation, preferably by cell culture, of virus-like agents from leukemic patients; (2) compilation of evidence that
S7. KEYNOTE LECTURE: Immunobiological properties of the human cancer stem cells
Authors: C Maccalli, EZ Elisabetta Zambon, FC Filippo Capocefalo, GP Giorgio Parmiani
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Cells with “stem cell properties”, denominated cancer stem cells (CSCs), have been recently isolated from a variety of human solid tumors. These cells have been considered as responsible of resistance to standard therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy,
Affections of the Lids
Authors: Herbert E. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

While the book represents the opinions of authors of knowledge and experience, its limitations are best described in a well-written chapter by Dr. Noel Stowe: "Because of the problem of selection in presenting a subject of this scope in one short chapter, many interesting topics have had to be curtailed or ignored." In 255 pages, the authors attempt to summarize all diseases which can involve the lids, and their medical and surgical management. Nineteen different authors contribute 18 chapters, which vary widely in quality and depth. Some chapters represent little more than lists of various diseases. Others, more extensive, offer a discussion of medical and surgical procedures which can be useful. No chapter contains a complete review of the literature on any subject, but all are subjective descriptions of the authors' opinions. In some cases, the recommended treatment could be questioned. For example, there is considerable doubt that herpes zoster
Renin mRNA quantification using polymerase chain reaction in cultured juxtaglomerular cells. Short-term effects of cAMP on renin mRNA and secretion.
Authors: R Della Bruna, A Kurtz, P Corvol, F Pinet
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The aim of the present study was to set up a method to quantify renin mRNA levels in mouse renal juxtaglomerular cells, the main physiological site of renin synthesis. Because of the scarcity of the cells, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction had to be developed to measure renin mRNA. Juxtaglomerular cells were isolated and cultured for 2 days under various conditions, and renin mRNA was measured directly from the cytoplasm of the cultured cells without prior RNA purification. An internal standard consisting of a mutated renin mRNA with an insertion of 60 bp was designed to quantify the reaction, ensuring an identical detection and amplification efficiency to the target RNA. Renin mRNA could be precisely quantified between 0.6 and 20 pg, thus allowing its detection in approximately 5000 juxtaglomerular cells. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, led to a concentration-dependent maximal threefold increase in renin mRNA in the cultures after 20 hours of incubation. The half-maximal effective dose was 3 x 10(-7) mol/L. The effect of forskolin was mimicked by 10(-5) mol/L isoproterenol, a beta-receptor agonist, and by 10(-5) mol/L isobutylmethylxanthine. A time-course study showed a rapid increase in renin mRNA within 3 hours after forskolin and isoproterenol addition. Renin secretion in the culture medium was measured in parallel and found to be stimulated by both agents. These results show that quantitative polymerase chain reaction is a suitable tool for studying renin gene expression in cultured juxtaglomerular cells. Our findings indicate that cAMP is a potent and fast activator of renin gene transcription and renin secretion in renal juxtaglomerular cells.
Assessing the risk of measles resurgence in a highly vaccinated population: Belgium anno 2013
Authors: N Hens, S Abrams, E Santermans, H Theeten, N Goeyvaerts, T Lernout, E Leuridan, K Van Kerckhove, H Goossens, P Van Damme, P Beutels
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Factors Contributing to Declines in Cardiac Mortality
Authors: Peter D. Rumm
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Hunink and colleagues 1 are to be commended for their effort in attempting to model the various contributions of preventive and secondary modalities on the observed decline in mortality associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) from 1980 through 1990. However, their application of the model extends too far into the realm of causal inference, in which mathematical models have a limited role. We believe that their inferential procedures and logical stance are in error.  The authors' argument may be summarized in the following syllogism: Their major premise is that reductions in CHD mortality are caused either by changes in risk factors or by changes in treatment; their minor premise is that only 50% of the reduction in CHD mortality can be attributed directly to risk factor changes; and their conclusion is that a large portion of prevented deaths are attributable to improvements in treatment.  The major
Mozart older than we thought
Authors: A. Lock
Journal: BMJ (1982)

comitantly decrease end-diastolic volume and pressure, would, by Laplace's law, decrease oxygen consumption by decreasing the wall tension-related energy expenditure during pressure generation.There will also be the added beneficial effect in that coronary blood flow, which is maximal during diastole, would increase with the fall in end-diastolic pressure.An increase in arterial pressure may also reflexly decrease heart rate, another important determinant of myocardial oxygen consump- tion.
In vitro response to influenza immunisation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases.
Authors: L Turner-Stokes, G Cambridge, T Corcoran, J S Oxford, M L Snaith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Reduced in vitro anti-influenza antibody response by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs) after vaccination was confirmed in a group of 28 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and also in 16 patients with some other autoimmune syndromes. This group of patients with SLE had higher serum anti-DNA binding, but there was no evidence of increased autoantibody production after vaccination, nor any clinical or laboratory evidence of flares in disease activity that are sometimes seen to follow intercurrent infection. Although a reduced in vitro antibody response may, to some extent, reflect redistribution of antibody producing cells, there appears to be more generalised impairment of the immune response in these patients, which cannot be accounted for by steroid/immunosuppressive therapy.
MAGE: The Spell Is Broken
Authors: Katayoun Rezvani
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The success of immunotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma is hampered partly by limited expression of tumor-specific antigens in the malignant cells. One strategy to increase tumor immunogenicity may be to enhance the expression of Hodgkin lymphoma-specific antigens such as MAGE-A4 using epigenetic-modifying drugs in combination with cancer testis antigen-specific immunotherapy.
Septicaemia in the Neutropenic Patient
Authors: K. Atkinson, H. E. M. Kay, T. J. McElwain
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A total of 29 cases of septicaemia proved by blood culture in 22 severely neutropenic patients with acute leukaemia or aplastic anaemia have been studied. The recovery rate was 75% in the Gram-positive septicaemias and 60% in the Gram-negative septicaemias in which treatment response could be evaluated. Neutropenia predisposed to septicaemia and its degree seemed to be important. The underlying state of the bone marrow was an important prognostic factor; the neutrophil count at the time of diagnosis and the infecting organism were less important. Gentamicin was the single most useful antibiotic, and the infection was controlled largely with gentamicin and one other antibiotic, most often carbenicillin. Possibly a similar result could have been obtained with gentamicin alone, but since the bacterial flora in a given environment is changeable empirical antibiotic regimens should remain flexible.