tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Simplified single sample 13Carbon urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori: comparison with histology, culture, and ELISA serology.
Authors: R P Logan, R J Polson, J J Misiewicz, G Rao, N Q Karim, D Newell, P Johnson, J Wadsworth, M M Walker, J H Baron
Journal: Gut (1991)

There is no ideal method for detecting Helicobacter pylori. The 9standard9 13Carbon urea breath test (13C-UBT), which involves collecting eight to 15 breath samples and subsequent costly analysis, was modified by pooling 21 samples of expired breath taken at five minute intervals for 40 minutes into a collecting bag, from which a single 20 ml aliquot was taken and analysed by mass spectrometry. This test was evaluated on 50 patients after routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and results were compared with those from the standard 13C-UBT, bacteriology, ELISA serology, and histology--the latter being taken as the gold standard. H pylori were seen in 34 of 50 (68%) patients (in three it was detected in biopsy specimens from the corpus alone). The modified 13C-UBT was positive (pooled excretion delta 13CO2 greater than 5 per mil) in 31 patients and negative in 19 (three false negative results), specificity was 100% (standard 13C-UBT 94%) and sensitivity 92% (standard 13C-UBT 93%). The modified 13C-UBT had a coefficient of variation within subjects of 3.7%. For the ELISA serology and culture the specificities were both 100%, but the sensitivities were 82% and 68% respectively. The 13C-UBT results correlated with the grade of histological gastritis. The modified 13C-UBT is simpler, cheaper, more reproducible, and provides an easy non-invasive method for the detection of H pylori.
The physiologic basis of dobutamine as compared with dipyridamole stress interventions in the assessment of critical coronary stenosis.
Authors: A Y Fung, K P Gallagher, A J Buda
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Noninvasive cardiac imaging with echocardiography or thallium-201 scintigraphy utilizing pharmacologic agents as alternatives to exercise is gaining popularity. We investigated the physiologic rationale underlying the optimal choice of pharmacologic stress for functional versus perfusion imaging. With the use of an open-chest dog model, a critical stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery was produced with total ablation of hyperemic response to a 15 sec period of complete occlusion. Regional left ventricular wall thickening was assessed by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. Regional myocardial blood flow was determined by microspheres in both the flow-restricted left circumflex area and the control area supplied by the left anterior descending artery. Eight dogs received 15 micrograms/kg/min dobutamine intravenously for 10 min, and nine dogs received 0.14 mg/kg/min dipyridamole intravenously for 4 min. Dobutamine induced wall thickening abnormalities in all dogs while dipyridamole induced dysfunction in only 55% of the animals studied (p less than .01). Subendocardial blood flow to the left circumflex area was unchanged after both dobutamine and dipyridamole when compared with baseline blood flow. However, subendocardial blood flow increased markedly after dipyridamole in the control area. Regional subendocardial blood flow ratio (left anterior descending/left circumflex) was 3.74 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- SEM) after dipyridamole versus 1.27 +/- 0.09 after dobutamine (p less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ECT clinics are below standard
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

An audit of 53 clinics that carry out electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in England and Wales shows that 70% are below standard.

The research, carried out by the Royal College of Psychiatrists and presented at its winter meeting in London this week, found that 16 clinics were rated as good or exemplary, 26 as deficient in some area …
Horizons in Neuropsychopharmacology
Authors: S. H. Kraines
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This is a book for true students who would appreciate more fully the interrelation and interdependence of neurophysiology and psychiatry. Consisting of papers by 20 contributors who worked directly or indirectly in the laboratory of Dr. Harold Himwich, the volume creates the impression of something solid—the papers are well presented, extensively documented; the subject material is carefully delineated, well planned, and thoughtfully executed. This is not a publication for cursory reading. The topics cover the range of the various biogenic amines (the catecholamines and serotonin particularly) along with experimental studies of anti-parkinsonian drugs, phenylketonuria, the "energy flow of the brain," bacterial neurotoxins, cerebral circulation, and water ingestion. The nature of this volume may best be illustrated by quoting some of the intriguing comments: "Optimal improvement of behavior with phenothiazine therapy occurs with very slight extrapyramidal signs" (p 42). "Intensification of psychotic behavior is associated with a rise in urinary tryptamine—while
Effect of a 12-Month Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Hepatic Steatosis in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mariana Lazo, Steven F. Solga, Alena Horska, Susanne Bonekamp, Anna Mae Diehl, Frederick L. Brancati, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Steven E. Kahn, Jeanne M. Clark
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Weight loss through lifestyle changes is recommended for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes is unproven. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) is a 16-center clinical trial with 5,145 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes, who were randomly assigned to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to induce a minimum weight loss of 7% or a control group who received diabetes support and education (DSE). In the Fatty Liver Ancillary Study, 96 participants completed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify hepatic steatosis and tests to exclude other causes of liver disease at baseline and 12 months. We defined steatosis &amp;gt;5.5% as NAFLD. RESULTS Participants were 49% women and 68% white. The mean age was 61 years, mean BMI was 35 kg/m2, mean steatosis was 8.0%, and mean aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were 20.5 and 24.2 units/l, respectively. After 12 months, participants assigned to ILI (n = 46) lost more weight (−8.5 vs. −0.05%; P &amp;lt; 0.01) than those assigned to DSE and had a greater decline in steatosis (−50.8 vs. −22.8%; P = 0.04) and in A1C (−0.7 vs. −0.2%; P = 0.04). There were no significant 12-month changes in AST or ALT levels. At 12 months, 26% of DSE participants and 3% (1 of 31) of ILI participants without NAFLD at baseline developed NAFLD (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A 12-month intensive lifestyle intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces steatosis and incident NAFLD.
644. A Dual-Action Armed Replicating Adenovirus for the Treatment of Bone Metastases of Breast Cancer
Authors: James J. Cody, Joanne T. Douglas
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The majority of patients with advanced breast cancer develop osteolytic metastases in the skeleton, which lead to such complications as pain, fractures, hypercalcemia and a general decrease in the quality of life. Current therapies for bone metastases are not curative in nature. Thus, new treatments are needed for osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRADs) are a new class of anti-cancer agents that offer the potential ability to infect and lyse all the cells of a tumor. In clinical trials, replicating adenoviruses have exhibited safety but not the desired level of efficacy, demonstrating a need for improvement. One approach to enhance the efficacy of a CRAD is to arm it with a therapeutic transgene. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), the recently described inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption, represents a promising candidate with which to arm a replicating adenovirus designed to treat osteolytic bone metastasis. We hypothesize that a replicating adenovirus armed with a gene for OPG will be able to inhibit breast cancer bone metastasis and reduce the tumor burden in the bone through two actions: direct lysis of the tumor cells by replication of the virus and inhibition of bone resorption by the production of OPG. Previously, we have shown the feasibility of this hypothesis by employing a two-component system in which cells are coinfected with a non-replicating OPG expressing adenovirus and wild-type adenovirus. It was shown that the production of OPG neither inhibits viral replication nor reduces the oncolytic potency of a replicating adenovirus. We have now constructed a conditionally replicating adenovirus in which E3B has been replaced by an OPG-Fc fusion gene (Ad-Δ24-OPG-Fc-RGD). The placement of the transgene within the genome is intended to result in high levels of expression, late in the infection cycle. Selectivity at the level of replication is conferred by the deletion of 24 base pairs within E1A (Δ24), which prevents the binding of E1A and cellular Rb and limits replication to cells with disregulated cell cycles. Transductional selectivity is conferred by the incorporation of an RGD peptide sequence within the fiber knob, which directs infection towards cells expressing αv integrins. In order to evaluate the various modifications of this virus, a panel of control viruses has been constructed as well. These viruses are being evaluated in vitro for selectivity of replication in the target breast cancer cells as well as transgene expression levels and kinetics. These viruses will also be evaluated to ensure that the expression of OPG-Fc does not reduce the oncolytic potency of a CRAd. This armed, replicating adenovirus will then be evaluated in vivo in a murine model of breast cancer bone metastasis. This CRAd represents a new agent with which to treat breast cancer bone metastasis.
Inhibition of Erythroid Progenitor Cells by Anti-Kell Antibodies in Fetal Alloimmune Anemia
Authors: Janet I. Vaughan, Monica Manning, Ruth M. Warwick, Elizabeth A. Letsky, Neil A. Murray, Irene A.G. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In alloimmune anemia of the newborn, the level of hemolysis caused by the presence of antibodies to antigens of the Kell blood-group system is less than that caused by antibodies to the D antigen of the Rh blood-group system, and the numbers of reticulocytes and normoblasts in the baby's circulation are inappropriately low for the degree of anemia. These findings suggest that sensitization to Kell antigens results in suppression of fetal erythropoiesis as well as hemolysis.
Hypernatremia From Water Softener Malfunction During Home Dialysis
Authors: William A. Nickey
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In many parts of the country, naturally occurring concentrations of calcium and magnesium necessitate pretreatment of water before dialysis.<sup>1</sup>The following case is presented to describe a serious hypernatremia during home hemodialysis resulting from malfunction of a water softener. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 44-year-old man with uremia due to chronic glomerulonephritis had been treated by home hemodialysis since March 1967, performed with disposable twin-coil dialyzers in a single-canister, 100-liter tank. Water for dialysis is processed by an automatically cycled cation exchange resin water softener. On April 3, 1970, after two hours of uneventful dialysis, just after a change of the dialysis bath, the patient suddenly felt flushed, developed severe pain in the neck and a headache, and complained of yellow vision. Following a period of profound thirst, he vomited and became combatitive and disoriented. Dialysis was discontinued approximately 10 to 15 minutes after the onset
Alcohol Ingestion by Donors Amplifies Experimental Airway Disease after Heterotopic Transplantation
Authors: Patrick O. Mitchell, David M. Guidot
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) after lung transplantation is triggered by alloimmunity, but is ultimately mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1)-dependent airway fibrosis.Chronic alcohol use increases TGF-beta(1) expression and renders the lung susceptible to injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that donor alcohol abuse could prime the lung allograft for OB, as many organ donors have a history of alcohol abuse.Tracheas from control and alcohol-fed rats (8 wk) were heterotopically transplanted into recipients with varying degrees of alloimmune mismatch and analyzed for obliterative airway disease severity on Postoperative Day 21.Although donor alcohol ingestion did not increase the number of antigen-presenting cells or infiltrating lymphocytes, it nevertheless increased allograft lumenal collagen content fourfold compared with allografts from control donors. In parallel, alcohol increased TGF-beta(1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in allografts. Alcohol amplified airway disease even in isografts with minor alloimmune mismatches. In contrast, it did not cause any airway disease in isografts in a pure isogenic background, suggesting that a minimal alloimmune response is necessary to trigger alcohol-induced airway fibrosis.Although alloimmune inflammation is required to initiate airway disease, alcohol primes the allograft for greater TGF-beta(1) expression, myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and fibrosis than by alloimmune inflammation alone. This has serious clinical implications, as many lung donors have underlying alcohol abuse that may prime the allograft recipient for subsequent OB.
A Series of 1,817 Patients Seen in a Casualty Department
Authors: P. Mestitz
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Many patients go to the casualty department of this hospital as they would to their own doctor's surgery.At the same time, the casualty officer has the resources of a large hospital at his disposal.It therefore seemed worth while to analyse complaints, diagnosis, and treat- ment of a large series of such patients.Material.-Thehospital is situated in Central London, in an area occupied chiefly by tailoring workshops, and very near the polyglot Soho district.The series consists of all patients seen by me between September, 1954, and January, 1955.All patients with obviously " surgical " conditions, such as infected hands and road accidents, are sent to a separate surgical department.Virtually all other patients are seen by one of the two casualty medical officers.
Cardioprotective effect of hormone replacement therapy Is not due to a selection bias
Authors: M Stampfer, F Grodstein, D Spiers, W F M Posthuma, R G J Westendorp, J P Vandenbroucke
Journal: BMJ (1994)

these values would not be.On the basis of validation work done in Britain on the Guy's score5 this would deprive about 5% of patients with infarcts of aspirin treatment, resulting in an increase of only about two preventable events per 1000 patients per three years.Delaying aspirin treatment for 30 days may also "result in an increase in some preventable events, but it is difficult to calculate how many and the number is probably not great.Until the results for the international stroke trial are available it is probably best to delay aspirin for 14 days anyway.The assumption that aspirin will cause rebleeding in all cases of haemorrhagic stroke is almost certainly pessimistic but is based on the axiom "first of all do no harm."
Reduced Incidence and Delayed Onset of Diabetes in Perforin-deficient Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: David Kägi, Bernhard Odermatt, Peter Seiler, Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Tak W. Mak, Hans Hengartner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

To investigate the role of T cell–mediated, perforin-dependent cytotoxicity in autoimmune diabetes, perforin-deficient mice were backcrossed with the nonobese diabetes mouse strain. It was found that the incidence of spontaneous diabetes over a 1 yr period was reduced from 77% in perforin +/+ control to 16% in perforin-deficient mice. Also, the disease onset was markedly delayed (median onset of 39.5 versus 19 wk) in the latter. Insulitis with infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells occurred similarly in both groups of animals. Lower incidence and delayed disease onset were also evident in perforin-deficient mice when diabetes was induced by cyclophosphamide injection. Thus, perforin-dependent cytotoxicity is a crucial effector mechanism for β cell elimination by cytotoxic T cells in autoimmune diabetes. However, in the absence of perforin chronic inflammation of the islets can lead to diabetogenic β cell loss by less efficient secondary effector mechanisms.
Abnormal antithrombin III with defective serine protease binding (antithrombin III "Denver").
Authors: J E Sambrano, L J Jacobson, E B Reeve, M J Manco-Johnson, W E Hathaway
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

A hereditary (three family members) deficiency of antithrombin III (AT-III) in which AT-III antigen (AT-III ag) is normal in spite of low heparin cofactor and antithrombin activity is described. Plasma levels were: AT-III ag, 0.92-0.96 U/ml; AT-III heparin cofactor activity, 0.54-0.62 U/ml; progressive antithrombin activity index, 0.13-0.18; anti-Xa activity, 0.50-0.56 U/ml. Plasma crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) patterns performed with and without added heparin were normal, but serum CIE revealed a decreased complex peak. Purification of the patient's plasma AT-III by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography showed a normal protein recovery and elution profile, but the purified AT-III fraction showed only 50% of the normal progressive thrombin neutralization and anti-Xa activity. When thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes were formed by incubating with excess thrombin, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis revealed that half the patient AT-III formed TAT complexes while the remainder migrated as free AT-III. All the control AT-III formed TAT complexes. The patient's nonreacting AT-III (AT-III "Denver"), isolated by affinity chromatography, showed CIE and SDS-PAGE migration patterns characteristic of normal AT-III but failed to bind thrombin or Xa. Calculations from turnover studies in one patient and normal subjects with autologous 131I-AT-III suggested that AT-III "Denver" is removed from the plasma slightly more rapidly than normal. These studies indicate that the patients' variant AT-III molecule was characterized by normal heparin interaction but defective binding and inhibition of thrombin and Xa. These characteristics allow isolation of the nonreactive variant molecule by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography.
Cavernous chylangioma of jejunal mesentery.
Authors: E S Field
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Lymphangiomatous malformations are less common than haemangiomata, and those containing chyle are very rare.A recently treated case is described here.Case Report A 14-year-old boy was admitted to hospital on 3 April, 1970 hav- ing had generalized colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation for five days.A similar attack one year previously had subsided with conservative management.On examination there was lower abdominal tenderness, and peritonitis could not be excluded.At operation a milky-white tumour (Fig. 1) was found in the mesentery of the proximal 6in (15 cm) of jejunum.The bowel
Research provides clues as to how gut microbiota affect infant health
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Two studies provide new information on how gut microbiota may contribute to the overall health of infants and why a melamine contaminant in pet food, milk, and formula has proved so deadly to some.

A study in the journal of the Canadian Medical Association found significant differences in the commensal bacterial population of healthy infants at four months, depending on whether they were delivered naturally or by caesarean section and whether they were breast or bottle fed.1

The small but intensely studied sequential sample of 24 healthy term infants for whom a stool sample was available was conducted as part of the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) …
Diet and duodenal ulcer.
Authors: T L Cleave
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The measures to be taken following accidental contamination of the fingers or other parts of the body are difficult to define.There are good reasons for believing that while human immunoglobulin can -attenuate infectious hepatitis it has almost consistently failed to influence the course of post- transfusion hepatitis.'Therefore the dictum that prevention is better than cure is perhaps the best advice that can be offered at this stage, and the degree of caution to be exer- cised in laboratories and post-mortem rooms cannot be exaggerated.-Iam, etc.,
Acute Bereavement, Threatened Loss, Ego Defenses and Adrenocortical Function
Authors: Selby Jacobs, John Mason, Thomas Kosten, Stanislav Kasl, Adrian Ostfeld, Stephen Atkins, Charles Gardner, Sanford Schreiber
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

In this study of 43 acutely bereaved widows and widowers and a comparison group of 24 nonbereaved married persons who experienced critical illness in a spouse, we found no evidence of higher levels of affective arousal, higher levels of adrenocortical activity, less effective ego defenses, or higher levels of defensive work among bereaved persons by comparison with nonbereaved persons. Furthermore, we failed to observe expected relationships between ego defensive function and adrenocortical activity among either bereaved or nonbereaved persons. These observations are consistent with one previous study of bereaved parents.
An introduction to the jargon of molecular biology Part I
Authors: B. Swynghedauw, A. Barrieux
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article An introduction to the jargon of molecular biology Part I Get access Bernard Swynghedauw, Bernard Swynghedauw U 127-INSERM, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 Bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: B Swynghedauw, A Barrieux. Correspondence to Dr Swynghedauw. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alice Barrieux Alice Barrieux U 127-INSERM, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 Bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: B Swynghedauw, A Barrieux. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 1414–1420, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.8.1414 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Accepted: 17 May 1993 Published: 01 August 1993