tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reference values for maximum work capacity in relation to body composition in healthy Dutch children
Authors: VA Gulmans, K de Meer, RA Binkhorst, PJ Helders, WH Saris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Exercise performance is associated with physical development. For sick children, there is a need for parameters reflecting exercise performance, which should be easy to measure and should take their nutritional state into account. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximum work-load (Wmax) and body weight (BW) as well as fat-free mass (FFM) in healthy children performing an incremental maximum exercise test on a bicycle ergometer, and to develop reference values for Wmax corrected for nutritional state. A random sample of 158 children (77 boys and 81 girls), aged 12-18 yrs, underwent an incremental maximum exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. BW and FFM were also measured. Correlation analysis showed a significant association (p &lt; 0.001) between BW and Wmax (boys: r = 0.82; girls: r = 0.73), and between FFM and Wmax (boys: r = 0.89; girls: r = 0.79). Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of gender on variance of Wmax/BW ratio as well as Wmax/FFM ratio. The influence of age was significant for Wmax/FFM (p = 0.003), but not for Wmax/BW. The maximum workload/body weight ratio and the maximum workload/fat-free mass ratio are useful parameters of work capacity in bicycle exercise testing in children. The reference values (mean, SD, median, and percentiles) for boys and girls aged 12-18 years can be used to predict workload corrected for body composition in healthy and sick children.
Physical and Emotional Health Effects and Social Consequences After Participation in a Low-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Dietary Trial for More Than 5 Years
Authors: T. Gregory Hislop, Chris D. Bajdik, Lynda G. Balneaves, Andrea Holmes, Selina Chan, Evelyn Wu, Zenaida U. Abanto, Andrea L. Butler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Little is known about the potential adverse effects of interventions to reduce dietary fat. We examined the physical and emotional health effects, and social consequences experienced by women at high risk for breast cancer who had participated in a low-fat diet intervention, randomized, controlled trial for at least 5 years.Participants in the Canadian Diet and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial from British Columbia were mailed a survey questionnaire that included the validated Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), and a series of questions on health-related and social constructs. Responses were compared between the diet intervention and control groups by menopausal status.Completed questionnaires were returned by 359 women in the diet intervention group and 382 in the control group. No significant differences were found between these groups for SF-36 and WHQ health outcomes, hair/nail changes, physical activity levels, family/friend support levels, and doctor visits. Significantly more women in the intervention group reported taking products for arthritis (other than pain medication), greater difficulty in maintaining eating habits in social situations and at work, greater stress, and guilt related to personal eating habits. These findings persisted for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Changes resulting from a low-fat diet intervention can be incorporated into women's daily lives with limited long-term negative effects.
Genome wide prediction of HNF4α functional binding sites by the use of local and global sequence context
Authors: Alexander E Kel, Monika Niehof, Volker Matys, Rüdiger Zemlin, Jürgen Borlak
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract We report an application of machine learning algorithms that enables prediction of the functional context of transcription factor binding sites in the human genome. We demonstrate that our method allowed de novo identification of hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)4α binding sites and significantly improved an overall recognition of faithful HNF4α targets. When applied to published findings, an unprecedented high number of false positives were identified. The technique can be applied to any transcription factor.
Expression of Retinoid Receptor Genes and Proteins in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: E. Picard, C. Seguin, N. Monhoven, C. Rochette-Egly, J. Siat, J. Borrelly, Y. Martinet, N. Martinet, J. M. Vignaud
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: Retinoids can suppress carcinogenesis in high-risk non-neoplastic bronchial lesions and can reduce the risk of second primary non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The effects of retinoids are mediated by nuclear receptors, i.e., the retinoic acid receptors (RARα, RARβ, and RARγ) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ). We investigated whether abnormalities in the in vivo expression of retinoid receptors are observed in NSCLC. METHODS: Expression of retinoid receptors in paired specimens of normal and cancerous tissues from the lungs of 76 patients with NSCLC was studied by use of anti-retinoid receptor antibodies (except those against RXRγ) and immunohistochemistry. RAR messenger RNAs were analyzed by use of in situ hybridization and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples were also studied for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 3p24. All P values are two-sided. RESULTS: All studied receptors were expressed in normal lung cells and in high- risk non-neoplastic lesions. In tumor cells, overexpression of RXRα and RARα was frequently observed. In contrast, RXRβ expression decreased in 18% of the tumor specimens. Furthermore, there was a marked decrease in the expression of RARβ in 63% of the tumors ( P <.0001). Decreased expression of RARγ was observed by RT-PCR in 41% of the tumors ( P <.0001). LOH at 3p24 was observed in 41% of the tumor specimens from informative patients and in 20% of the non-neoplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of RARα and RXRα is either normal or elevated in NSCLC. In contrast, a large percentage of tumors show a marked decrease in the expression of RARβ, RARγ, and RXRβ as well as a high frequency of LOH at 3p24, which was also observed in non-neoplastic lesions. These data suggest that altered retinoid receptor expression may play a role in lung carcinogenesis.
Autonomic Control of Vasomotion in the Porcine Coronary Circulation During Treadmill Exercise
Authors: Dirk J. Duncker, René Stubenitsky, Pieter D. Verdouw
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —To date, no studies have investigated coronary vasomotor control of myocardial O 2 delivery (MD o 2 ) and its modulation by the autonomic nervous system in the porcine heart during treadmill exercise. We studied 8 chronically instrumented swine under resting conditions and during graded treadmill exercise. Exercise up to 85% to 90% of maximum heart rate produced an increase in myocardial O 2 consumption (MV̇ o 2 ) from 163±16 μmol/min (mean±SE) at rest to 423±75 μmol/min ( P ≤0.05), which was paralleled by an increase in MD o 2 , so that myocardial O 2 extraction (79±1% at rest) and coronary venous O 2 tension (cvP o 2 , 23.7±1.0 mm Hg at rest) were maintained. β-Adrenoceptor blockade blunted the exercise-induced increase of MD o 2 out of proportion compared with the attenuation of the exercise-induced increase in MV̇ o 2 , so that O 2 extraction rose from 78±1% at rest to 83±1% during exercise and cvP o 2 fell from 23.5±0.9 to 19.6±1.1 mm Hg (both P ≤0.05). In contrast, α-adrenoceptor blockade, either in the absence or presence of β-adrenoceptor blockade, had no effect on myocardial O 2 extraction or cvP o 2 at rest or during exercise. Muscarinic receptor blockade resulted in a decreased O 2 extraction and an increase in cvP o 2 at rest, an effect that waned during exercise. The vasodilation produced by muscarinic receptor blockade was likely due to an increased β-adrenoceptor activity, since combined muscarinic and β-adrenoceptor blockade produced similar changes in O 2 extraction and cvP o 2 , as did β-adrenoceptor blockade alone. In conclusion, in swine myocardium, MV̇ o 2 and MD o 2 are matched during exercise, which is the result of feed-forward β-adrenergic vasodilation in conjunction with minimal α-adrenergic vasoconstriction. β-Adrenergic vasodilation is due to an increase in sympathetic activity but may also be supported by withdrawal of muscarinic receptor–mediated inhibition of β-adrenergic coronary vasodilation. The observation that cvP o 2 levels are maintained even during heavy exercise suggests that a decrease in cvP o 2 is not essential for coronary vasodilation during exercise.
NUPTs in Sequenced Eukaryotes and Their Genomic Organization in Relation to NUMTs
Authors: Erik Richly, Dario Leister
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

NUPTs (nuclear plastid DNA) derive from plastid-to-nucleus DNA transfer and exist in various plant species. Experimental data imply that the DNA transfer is an ongoing, highly frequent process, but for the interspecific diversity of NUPTs, no clear explanation exists. Here, an inventory of NUPTs in the four sequenced plastid-bearing species and their genomic organization is presented. Large genomes with a predicted low gene density contain more NUPTs. In Chlamydomonas and Plasmodium, DNA transfer occurred but was limited, probably because of the presence of only one plastid per cell. In Arabidopsis and rice, NUPTs are frequently organized as clusters. Tight clusters can contain both NUPTs and NUMTs (nuclear mitochondrial DNA), indicating that preNUPTs and preNUMTs might have concatamerized before integration. The composition of such a hypothetical preNUPT-preNUMT pool seems to be variable, as implied by substantially different NUPTs:NUMTs ratios in different species. Loose clusters can span several dozens of kbps of nuclear DNA, and they contain markedly more NUPTs or NUMTs than expected from a random genomic distribution of nuclear organellar DNA. The level of sequence similarity between NUPTs/NUMTs and plastid/mitochondrial DNA correlates with the size of the integrant. This implies that original insertions are large and decay over evolutionary time into smaller fragments with diverging sequences. We suggest that tight and loose clusters represent intermediates of this decay process.
Time heals all wounds—but 12-HHT is faster
Authors: Yael Gus-Brautbar, Dipak Panigrahy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

![Figure][1] 

Insight from Yael Gus-Brautbar (left) and Dipak Panigrahy



Chronic nonhealing wounds such as diabetic ulcers are a major problem associated with human disease. In this issue, Liu et al. offer new hope for tackling nonhealing wounds by defining a novel role for the leukotriene
Clinical benefit in patients with metastatic bone disease: results of a phase 3 study of denosumab versus zoledronic acid
Authors: S. Vadhan-Raj, R. von Moos, L.J. Fallowfield, D.L. Patrick, F. Goldwasser, C.S. Cleeland, D.H. Henry, S. Novello, V. Hungria, Y. Qian, A. Feng, H. Yeh, K. Chung
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Another Frontier in Microbiome Research: Preterm Birth
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association Between Red and Processed Meat Intake and Mortality Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Roma Shah, Eric J. Jacobs, Peter T. Campbell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Red and processed meat intake is convincingly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but its impact on prognosis after CRC diagnosis is unknown. We examined associations of red and processed meat consumption, self-reported before and after cancer diagnosis, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among men and women with invasive, nonmetastatic CRC.Participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort reported information on diet and other factors at baseline in 1992-1993, 1999, and 2003. Participants with a verified CRC diagnosis after baseline and up to June 30, 2009, were observed for mortality through December 31, 2010.Among 2,315 participants diagnosed with CRC, 966 died during follow-up (413 from CRC and 176 from cardiovascular disease [CVD]). In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, red and processed meat intake before CRC diagnosis was associated with higher risks of death as a result of all causes (top v bottom quartile, relative risk [RR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.59; Ptrend = .03) and from CVD (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.67; Ptrend = .08) but not CRC (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.51; Ptrend = 0.54). Although red and processed meat consumption after CRC diagnosis was not associated with mortality, survivors with consistently high (median or higher) intakes before and after diagnosis had a higher risk of CRC-specific mortality (RR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.89) compared with those with consistently low intakes.This study suggests that greater red and processed meat intake before diagnosis is associated with higher risk of death among patients with nonmetastatic CRC.
Matrix production and proteolitic activity of cardiomyocyte progenitor cells during in vitro differentiation
Authors: Noortje Noortje Bax, van Mh Mieke Marion, B Shah, Mjth Goumans, Carlijn Carlijn Bouten, van der Dwj Daisy Schaft
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Abstract 286 van Poster session 2 Frontiers in CardioVascular Biology, London 30th March – 1st April 2012 Second Congress of the ESC Council on Basic Cardiovascular Science.
Dual HER2 Targeting Impedes Growth of <i>HER2</i> Gene–Amplified Uterine Serous Carcinoma Xenografts
Authors: Jolijn W. Groeneweg, Silvia F. Hernandez, Virginia F. Byron, Celeste M. DiGloria, Hector Lopez, Vanessa Scialabba, Minji Kim, Ling Zhang, Darrell R. Borger, Rosemary Tambouret, Rosemary Foster, Bo R. Rueda, Whitfield B. Growdon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer that commonly harbors HER2 gene amplification. We investigated the effectiveness of HER2 inhibition using lapatinib and trastuzumab in vitro and in xenografts derived from USC cell lines and USC patient-derived xenografts. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry and FISH were performed to assess HER2 expression in 42 primary USC specimens. ARK1, ARK2, and SPEC2 cell lines were treated with trastuzumab or lapatinib. Cohorts of mice harboring xenografts derived from ARK2 and SPEC2 cell lines and EnCa1 and EnCa2 primary human USC samples were treated with either vehicle, trastuzumab, lapatinib, or the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib. Acute and chronic posttreatment tumor samples were assessed for downstream signaling alterations and examined for apoptosis and proliferation. Results: HER2 gene amplification (24%) correlated significantly with HER2 protein overexpression (55%). All models were impervious to single-agent trastuzumab treatment. Lapatinib decreased in vitro proliferation of all cell lines and in vivo growth of HER2-amplified xenografts (ARK2, EnCa1). In addition, dual therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib resulted in significant antitumor activity only in ARK2 and EnCa1 tumors. Dual HER2 therapy induced on target alteration of downstream MAPK and PI3K pathway mediators only in HER2-amplified models, and was associated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Conclusions: Although trastuzumab alone did not impact USC growth, dual anti-HER2 therapy with lapatinib led to improved inhibition of tumor growth in HER2-amplified USC and may be a promising avenue for future investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6517–28. ©2014 AACR.
Phase I Study of Individualized Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Regina V. Tse, Maria Hawkins, Gina Lockwood, John J. Kim, Bernard Cummings, Jennifer Knox, Morris Sherman, Laura A. Dawson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To report outcomes of a phase I study of individualized stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment (SBRT) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC).Patients with unresectable HCC or IHC, and who are not suitable for standard therapies, were eligible for six-fraction SBRT during 2 weeks. Radiation dose was dependent on the volume of liver irradiated and the estimated risk of liver toxicity based on a normal tissue complication model. Toxicity risk was escalated from 5% to 10% and 20%, within three liver volume-irradiated strata, provided at least three patients were without toxicity at 3 months after SBRT.Forty-one patients with unresectable Child-Pugh A HCC (n = 31) or IHC (n = 10) completed six-fraction SBRT. Five patients (12%) had grade 3 liver enzymes at baseline. The median tumor size was 173 mL (9 to 1,913 mL). The median dose was 36.0 Gy (24.0 to 54.0 Gy). No radiation-induced liver disease or treatment-related grade 4/5 toxicity was seen within 3 months after SBRT. Grade 3 liver enzymes were seen in five patients (12%). Two patients (5%) with IHC developed transient biliary obstruction after the first few fractions. Seven patients (five HCC, two IHC) had decline in liver function from Child-Pugh class A to B within 3 months after SBRT. Median survival of HCC and IHC patients was 11.7 months (95% CI, 9.2 to 21.6 months) and 15.0 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 29.0 months), respectively.Individualized six-fraction SBRT is a safe treatment for unresectable HCC and IHC.
Managing acute renal colic across the primary-secondary care interface: a pathway of care based on evidence and consensus
Authors: P J Wright
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Perhaps surprisingly there are as yet no guidelines for managing acute renal colic in primary care. A group of Durham general practitioners and specialists endeavour to remedy the deficiency 

Acute renal colic is a common, often recurrent condition with an annual incidence of 1-2 cases per 1000 and a lifetime risk of 10-20% for men and 3-5% for women.1–3 Patients usually present with acute pain and pose management challenges for the general practitioner, who may be uncertain whether immediate hospital admission is needed and, if not, how and when patients should be followed up.4 In many patients sent to hospital the pain remits on the way to hospital, or soon after admission, in response to the analgesia given by the general practitioner, making the admission perhaps unnecessary.5 The majority of those calling NHS Direct with acute renal colic are advised to contact their general practitioners “urgently”; a small number are referred to the accident and emergency services; and some are advised how to treat themselves.6

#### Summary points

There is uncertainty about the immediate management of patients presenting with acute renal colic in primary care, and whether this can be overcome by adopting a pre-established integrated pathway of care across the primary-secondary care interface

Intramuscular diclofenac 75 mg is recommended as first line of treatment when the diagnosis is clear and there are no signs of complications

If the severe pain does not remit within an hour the patient should be admitted to hospital

All patients, whether managed at home or in hospital, should be offered fast track urological investigation with follow up

Opaque radiography and ultrasound are being augmented by the use of spiral computed tomography in some centres in certain situations

We aimed to develop, by evidence based consensus, a management plan for patients with …
DNA methylome signature in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kazuhisa Nakano, John W Whitaker, David L Boyle, Wei Wang, Gary S Firestein
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Epigenetics can influence disease susceptibility and severity. While DNA methylation of individual genes has been explored in autoimmunity, no unbiased systematic analyses have been reported. Therefore, a genome-wide evaluation of DNA methylation loci in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from the site of disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was performed. <h3>Methods</h3> Genomic DNA was isolated from six RA and five osteoarthritis (OA) FLS lines and evaluated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 chip. Cluster analysis of data was performed and corrected using Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment for multiple comparisons. Methylation was confirmed by pyrosequencing and gene expression was determined by qPCR. Pathway analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. <h3>Results</h3> RA and control FLS segregated based on DNA methylation, with 1859 differentially methylated loci. Hypomethylated loci were identified in key genes relevant to RA, such as <i>CHI3L1</i>, <i>CASP1</i>, <i>STAT3, MAP3K5, MEFV</i> and <i>WISP3</i>. Hypermethylation was also observed, including <i>TGFBR2</i> and <i>FOXO1</i>. Hypomethylation of individual genes was associated with increased gene expression. Grouped analysis identified 207 hypermethylated or hypomethylated genes with multiple differentially methylated loci, including <i>COL1A1</i>, <i>MEFV</i> and <i>TNF</i>. Hypomethylation was increased in multiple pathways related to cell migration, including focal adhesion, cell adhesion, transendothelial migration and extracellular matrix interactions. Confirmatory studies with OA and normal FLS also demonstrated segregation of RA from control FLS based on methylation pattern. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Differentially methylated genes could alter FLS gene expression and contribute to the pathogenesis of RA. DNA methylation of critical genes suggests that RA FLS are imprinted and implicate epigenetic contributions to inflammatory arthritis.
The role of community programmes and mass events in promoting physical activity to patients: Table 1
Authors: A Bauman, N Murphy, A Lane
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

The challenge for physical activity promotion in clinical contexts is finding ways of encouraging patients to become more active. Brief advice in primary care is effective, in the short term, in increasing physical activity, but is only provided by a few clinicians on a regular basis. The possibilities for public health approaches include others in the practice providing brief advice, or referral to community facilities and programmes. Even these have limited evidence regarding their population reach. Therefore, innovative and alternative solutions are required. This review discusses three potential contributors: clinician advocacy for and engagement in physical activity as role models, referral to mass community participation events, and encouraging attendance at health fairs. These will not solve the inactivity crisis, but could add new approaches for clinicians, in advising their patients to initiate and try to become more physically active.