tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MENTAL PATIENTS THROUGH THE AUTOKINETIC PHENOMENON
Authors: ALBERT C. VOTH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

The autokinetic phenomenon is the visual experience of apparent movement of a stationary object, and can be observed most effectively by looking at a fixed pin-point light in a totally dark room. The phenomenon is offered here as a projective measure of personality structure, and in this sense is used as a diagnostic indicator in mental illness. The test has a proven high reliability. An index figure into which various aspects of the movement pattern is calculated is used for each subject. The movement is more pronounced in schizophrenia, epilepsy, psychasthenia, neurasthenia and anxiety states. In the manic-depressive and involutional psychoses, and in conversion hysteria, movement is, as a rule, either absent or much less extensive. Atypical test results are discussed in the light of more detailed diagnostic opinions of the staff of the hospital in which the tests were given. Prognostic indications are found in the extent and patterns of movement. Limited or medium amount of movement may be considered prognostically more favorable than extensive or no movement. Fairly accurate limits, expressed in indices, have been established in this connection. Erratic movement patterns presage, on the average, a less favorable course of illness. Sex differences are shown in that more men than women observe autokinetic movement. Under comments some implications and analogies are presented to show relationships between autokinesis and mental disturbances, and some suggestions are offered for further investigation.
Problems in Hemostasis During and After Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Henry Gans
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME in patients operated upon for correction of cardiac defects with the aid of a pump oxygenator constitutes a significant problem. Study of this problem in over 60 patients has furnished information indicating that, as a rule, more than one factor is responsible for postoperative bleeding tendencies occasionally noted in these patients. In a number of instances, preexisting defects can be demonstrated in the cellular and plasmatic components of blood. These abnormalities may disturb the normal coagulation mechanism. During and after cardiac bypass these changes may become magnified and severe enough to result in hemorrhagic diathesis. Methods In 60 patients the fibrinogen concentration, plasminogen concentration, platelet count and thrombin time, preoperative hemoglobin, Lee White clotting time, one-stage prothrombin time (Quick), and platelet count were determined as described elsewhere. Preexisting Defects Prolongation of Lee White clotting time in a number of patients appeared to occur more frequently in cyanotic
A Complication of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: M. D. Baetz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 September 1994A Complication of Ambulatory Blood Pressure MonitoringM. D. Baetz, MD, George Pylypchuk, MD, and Marilyn Baetz, MDM. D. Baetz, MDSearch for more papers by this author, George Pylypchuk, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Marilyn Baetz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-6-199409150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A recent review noted the rapid increase in the use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [1]. This procedure is considered to be well tolerated and is associated with few complications [2]. We report a case involving significant complications from such monitoring.A 46-year-old woman was placed on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Measurements were set at 20-minute intervals during the day and hourly at night. She had no history of diabetes, bleeding disorders, or easy bruisability. After 12 hours on the machine, the patient noted that she had pain in her arm and a rash on her ...References1. Appel LF, Stason WB. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:867-83. Google Scholar2. White WB, Manoor GA. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 1993; 2:928-34. Google Scholar3. White WB. The Rumpel-Leede sign associated with a non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitor (Letter). JAMA. 1985; 253:1724. Google Scholar4. Creevy PA, Burris JF, Mroczek WJ. Phlebitis associated with noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor (Letter). JAMA. 1985; 254:2411. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAnesthetic Concerns During Surgical Excision of Intracranial Arteriovenous MalformationsMonitoring Devices in the Intensive Care UnitNIBP Monitoring as a Cause for Intraoperative Hypotension and Postoperative Monoparesis in a Patient Undergoing Lumbar LaminectomyComparison of Ecchymosis Rates With Measurement of Automated and Manual Blood Pressures in Patients Receiving Eptifibatide TherapySpecial anesthetic considerations for stereotactic radiosurgery in childrenSide effects of ambulatory blood pressure monitoringAcute Biceps Compartment Syndrome Associated with the Use of a Noninvasive Blood Pressure MonitorAmbulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Diagnosis of Hypertension 15 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 6Page: 468-469KeywordsBlood pressureCapillariesHematologic testsHemorrhageRashesSystolic pressure Issue Published: 15 September 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Serum Haptoglobin in Hemolytic Disease
Authors: Lawrence Rice
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Inadequate construction of study and control groups by Marchand et al (1980;243:1909) inflates the apparent sensitivity and specificity of their serum haptoglobin assay. More important, there is no reason to believe that the test has much practical value. Classification of megaloblastic anemia with hemolytic anemias advances the hypothesis of Marchand and coworkers, but it ignores that this is a problem of decreased RBC production because of ineffective erythropoiesis (intramedullary hemolysis); the shortened RBC survival contributes little to the anemia. It is then no wonder that Marchand and associates find little correlation between reticulocytosis and hemolysis, as megaloblastic anemia occurs with absolute reticulocytopenia. The control group of nonhemolytic diseases does not include other diseases characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, such as sideroblastic anemia and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. In hypersplenism, a disease that is clearly hemolytic, haptoglobin levels are normal, but only two such patients were studied. These factors greatly
A death on the lawn
Authors: J. Woodward
Journal: BMJ (2000)

with one randomly selected person aged 16 or over at 1845 of these addresses, a response rate of 70%.Interviews were preceded by a spoken explanation of unlinked anonymous testing of blood and its value to public health.All analyses were on weighted data.Overall, 31.5% (95% confidence interval 29.3% to 33.7%) of participants were aware of unlinked anonymous testing of blood for HIV.Multiple logistic regression showed that awareness was strongly associated with age (P < 0.001), being highest in the age group 25-44 (39%), decreasing to 19% in those aged 75 and over, and being lowest in the 16-24 age group (14%).Awareness was also significantly associated with age at leaving full time education (P = 0.03) and to some extent with region (P = 0.06).Awareness was highest in Wales (41%), where a promotional campaign had recently been run, and lowest in south west England (23%) (table ).Disagreement (those disagreeing or strongly disagreeing on a five point scale) with unlinked anonymous testing of blood for HIV was 26.3% (95% confidence interval 24.3% to 28.4%).Multiple logistic regression showed that disagreement was strongly associated with age (P = 0.004).It decreased from 31% in those aged 16-24 to 17% in those aged 75 and over.Disagreement was significantly associated with region (P = 0.02), being highest in the Midlands (32%) and lowest in south east England (19%), and was also associated with age at leaving education (P = 0.06) (table ).Disagreement was significantly higher in respondents who were unaware of the policy (30.8%) than in those who were aware (16.7%) (P < 0.001).The final question, about disagreement with unlinked anonymous testing of blood for other usually fatal diseases, provided results broadly similar to those for HIV.
Principles of Home Care for the Patient With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Ernest H. Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1980)

AS CHARLES G. Moertel, MD, has noted in the introduction to this series of articles, "the overwhelming majority of patients with malignant disease will suffer the effects of advanced cancer and will present a compelling need for effective symptomatic and supportive management." Given the wide variations in the clinical course of incurable malignant neoplasms, the need for effective management may extend from a few weeks to one or more years. However, it is not the duration but rather the quality of life that is the foremost concern of such patients and their families. In most cases the environment of the home, with its accustomed comforts and access to family and friends, can ease the adjustments and compromises that disease imposes. Yet many patients with advanced cancer and their families view discharge from the hospital to home as a mixed blessing. Fears and anxieties concerning the physical well-being of the patient,
Humoral immune response to influenza vaccination in patients with primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy. An analysis of isotype distribution and size of the influenza-specific antibodies.
Authors: A W van den Wall Bake, W E Beyer, J H Evers-Schouten, J Hermans, M R Daha, N Masurel, L A van Es
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by mesangial deposits of IgA1, increased serum IgA1 levels, and circulating immune complexes containing predominantly IgA1. It has previously been found that patients with IgAN have a higher than normal IgA response to vaccination, but the IgA subclasses have not been studied. To investigate whether the IgA hyperresponsiveness is limited to the subclass IgA1, which is involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN, we compared the immune responses of 18 patients with 22 healthy controls after intramuscular vaccination with inactivated influenza virus. Antibody titers were significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) for the IgA1 subclass in patients versus controls, but not for the other isotypes. A substantial portion of the IgA and IgA1 antiinfluenza immune response comprised polymers in both patients and controls. There was no preferential response of polymers in patients. Patients produced significantly more monomeric IgA1 antibodies than controls. These results show that patients with IgAN have a hyperresponsiveness limited to the subclass IgA1 and mainly expressed by an excess of monomers.
Airway responsiveness to mannitol 24 h after allergen challenge in atopic asthmatics
Authors: B. E. Davis, D. O. Amakye, D. W. Cockcroft
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Airway responsiveness to indirect stimuli correlates positively with airway inflammation. In atopic asthmatics, allergen inhalation is associated with an influx of inflammatory cells and increased responsiveness to the direct-acting stimuli methacholine at 3 and 24 h after exposure. We have shown mannitol responsiveness decreases 3 h after allergen inhalation. The current investigation assessed mannitol responsiveness 24 h after allergen challenge.Eleven mild atopic asthmatics completed allergen challenges on two separate occasions. In random order, methacholine or mannitol challenges were performed 24 h pre- and post-allergen challenge. Levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide were also measured.Allergen challenge increased airway responsiveness to methacholine 24 h postchallenge; the geometric mean (95% CI) methacholine PC20 decreased from 5.9 mg/ml (1.8-19.4) to 2.2 mg/ml (0.81-5.89); P = 0.01. This coincided with a significant increase (P = 0.02) in FeNO levels. Conversely, allergen challenge decreased airway responsiveness to mannitol; geometric mean (95% CI) dose-response ratio was significantly higher after allergen exposure (57 mg/% FEV1 fall [27-121] to 147 mg/% FEV1 fall [57-379]; P = 0.03), and FeNO levels were not significantly increased (P = 0.054).Allergen-induced changes in airway responsiveness to direct and indirect stimuli are markedly different. The loss in responsiveness to mannitol is likely not explainable by a refractory state. The effect(s) of allergen exposure on airway responsiveness to indirect-acting stimuli require further investigation.
Diffuse Uptake of Osteotropic Radionuclide in the Breast Secondary to Superior Vena Caval Obstruction
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, RICHARD L. BAJAKIAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Osteotropic radionuclide uptake in breast tissue has been described in a variety of benign and malignant lesions. The authors present a case of diffuse unilateral breast uptake secondary to neoplastic obstruction of the right brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. Following radiotherapy, the vascular obstruction resolved and the breast uptake was no longer observed.
A9.8 Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): findings in videocapillaroscopy: Abstract A9.8 Table 1
Authors: J Uceda, M L Velloso, R Martínez, J L Marenco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Videocapillaroscopy allows for the detection of changes in microcirculation characteristic of connective tissue diseases. Differences in the capillaroscopic findings have been found between healthy adults and healthy children. Currently there is no defined capilaroscopic pattern in JIA. <h3>Objective </h3> Describe periungual capillaroscopy findings in a series of children with JIA. <h3>Materials and Methods </h3> Medical records of patients less than 18 years old were reviewed. We identified 14 patients, current mean age of 11.35, and predominantly female. All videocapillaroscopy were performed by the same rheumatologist. <h3>Results</h3> Microvascular alterations were found in 12 patients. All had tortuous capillaries, 4 had bushy morphology and 1 had twister morphology. Venus plexus was very visible in 9 patients. Dilated capillaries were found in 6 and 6 other patients showed a lower capillary density. Data analysed by JIA forms showed more frequent capillary dilation in the oligoarticular and enthesis forms and less capillary density in the oligoarticular form. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In JIA, only nonspecific changes have been described, such as tortuosity and elongation of capillaries, micropetequias and increased venular plexus visibility, these changes are more frequent in polyarticular JIA and patients with positive RF or ANA. In the overall assessment of our series, we found morphological alterations in all children (capillary tortuosity) and excellent visibility subpapilar venous plexus and disorganisation disorganised bed in a high percentage of children with JIA regardless of subtype. In all children with polyarticular JIA and enthesitis related, capillary dilation was observed. No increased Microvascular alterations in children with ANA + , or in which they maintained clinical activity. Thus, our study confirms the existence of nonspecific JIA and highlights the possibility that capillary dilation is a specific finding in polyarticular JIA and enthesitis related, although the sample is small and will need to conduct studies that clarify this possibility and can help determine whether it may be clinically useful.
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a high-pressure situation
Authors: J. C. Munson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The combination of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) was first described in 1990 by Wiggins et al. 1. Subsequent case studies further described what are now recognised as hallmarks of the syndrome: significant dyspnoea, a predilection for the disease among male smokers, normal or near normal lung volumes resulting from the opposing effects of hyperinflation and fibrosis, and a significantly reduced diffusing capacity 2–4. More recent work has demonstrated that significant pulmonary hypertension is also common in patients with CPFE and associated with shortened survival 5–7. However, these studies relied on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) without confirmation by right heart catheterisation (RHC) to diagnose pulmonary hypertension, an approach that may have important limitations 8, 9.

In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Cottin et al. 10 present the results of a retrospective, multicentre cohort study of patients with CPFE and pulmonary hypertension confirmed by RHC. The study cohort was derived from a population of patients meeting diagnostic criteria for CPFE who were reported to a registry of orphan diseases and who subsequently underwent annual TTE to assess for the development of pulmonary hypertension. Patients were referred for RHC by their treating physicians guided by the TTE results. Those with a mean pulmonary artery pressure ( P pa) >25 mmHg, a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure  240 dyn·s·cm−5 were included in the analysis. The patient cohort had a median follow-up after RHC of 8 months.

This study not only confirms many of the clinical characteristics of CPFE described in prior studies but also …
High STAT5 levels mediate imatinib resistance and indicate disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wolfgang Warsch, Karoline Kollmann, Eva Eckelhart, Sabine Fajmann, Sabine Cerny-Reiterer, Andrea Hölbl, Karoline V. Gleixner, Michael Dworzak, Matthias Mayerhofer, Gregor Hoermann, Harald Herrmann, Christian Sillaber, Gerda Egger, Peter Valent, Richard Moriggl, Veronika Sexl
Journal: Blood (2011)
Serosurvey of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Parturients
Authors: Sheldon Landesman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Although perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is well documented, seroprevalence rates of HIV in populations of women of reproductive age have not yet been reported. To determine the seroprevalence of HIV in childbearing women from a population with a high incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cord blood samples were collected from 602 infants delivered at an inner-city municipal hospital in New York. Demographic and HIV risk factor information was also collected from mothers of these infants. Twelve (2%) of 602 samples (95% confidence interval, 1% to 4%) were positive for HIV on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. In interviews, seven of 12 seropositive women had risk factors as defined by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta; the remaining five seropositive women had no self-identified risk factors. The HIV seroprevalence rate in our hospital (2.0%) is several times higher than that of many other diseases for which screening is already routine. This serosurvey indicates that HIV infection of inner-city parturients is a significant problem that warrants broadly implemented health strategies. Furthermore, the data also suggest that if risk factor information elicited by physicians is used to initiate HIV antibody counseling and testing of pregnant women, a significant number of seropositive parturients is missed. In areas with significant seroprevalence rates of HIV infection, a broader counseling and testing program may be needed. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:2701-2703)
Neuro-Röntgendiagnostik des Schädels
Authors: Daniel Snydacker
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Dietrich has presented an extremely well-organized textbook on x-ray diagnosis of neurological abnormalities of the skull. The opening section of the first chapter deals with techniques in explicit terms; the remainder of the chapter is devoted to a description of the normal roentgenographic findings of the skull. The second chapter describes developmental anomalies in a precise and methodical fashion. Pathological conditions of the skull, including, particularly, tumors, inflammatory lesions, and defects secondary to trauma, are discussed in the third chapter. Bony changes secondary to brain lesions and brain changes visible on the roentgenogram are the subjects of the fourth and last chapter. Arteriography and pneumoencephalography, which should have a place in a book of this kind, are omitted. The illustrations are numerous and effective, and the format of the book is pleasing. There is a well-organized and complete bibliography for each chapter. The book is recommended particularly for roentgenologists; neurologists
NEUTRALIZATION OF VIRUSES BY HOMOLOGOUS IMMUNE SERUM
Authors: David A. J. Tyrrell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

On the assumption that antibody is added to virus particles in a stepwise manner and that the reaction follows the law of mass action, a theoretical equation for the equilibrium state of virus neutralization reactions has been deduced. The theory has been found to be in reasonable accord with the available data for the neutralization of bacterial viruses and can be applied also to data for the neutralization of animal viruses.
Opposing roles of Akt and STAT3 in the protection of the maternal heart from peripartum stress
Authors: Melanie Ricke-Hoch, Insa Bultmann, Britta Stapel, Gianluigi Condorelli, Ursula Rinas, Karen Sliwa, Michaela Scherr, Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy in previously healthy women. Mice with a cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3, CKO) develop PPCM. PI3K-Akt signalling is thought to promote cardiac hypertrophy and protection during pregnancy. We evaluated the role of activated Akt signalling in the maternal heart postpartum.CKO mice were bred to mice harbouring an Akt transgene, specifically expressed in cardiomyocytes (CAkt(tg)) generating CKO; CAkt(tg), CAkt(tg), CKO, and wild-type sibling mice. CAkt(tg) and CKO;CAkt(tg) female mice developed PPCM with systolic dysfunction. Both genotypes displayed cardiac hypertrophy and lower capillary density, showed increased phosphorylation of p66 Src homology 2 domain containing protein and FoxO3A, and reduced expression of manganese superoxide dismutase as well as increased cathepsin D activity and increased miR-146a levels [indicative for generation of the anti-angiogenic 16 kDa prolactin (PRL)]. Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis was accelerated in CKO;CAkt(tg) and associated with high postpartum mortality. The PRL blocker, bromocriptine (BR), prevented heart failure and the decrease in capillary density in CKO;CAkt(tg) and CAkt(tg) mice. BR attenuated high mortality, up-regulation of CCL2, and cardiac inflammation as well as fibrosis in CKO;CAkt(tg). PRL infusion induced cardiac inflammation in CKO;CAkt(tg) independent of pregnancy. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, PRL and interferon γ (IFNγ) induced the expression of CCL2 via activation of Akt.Postpartum Akt activation is detrimental for the peripartum heart as it lowers anti-oxidative defence and in combination with low STAT3 conditions, accelerate cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. PRL and its cleaved 16 kDa form are central for Akt-induced PPCM as indicated by the protection from the disease by PRL blockade.