tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Rollover Epidemic in North Dakota from 1994 to 1997
Authors: Vinod K. Seth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters19 March 2002A Rollover Epidemic in North Dakota from 1994 to 1997Vinod K. Seth, MDVinod K. Seth, MDUniversity of North Dakota School of MedicineBismarck, ND 58501-1259Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-6-200203190-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:During the past few years, I felt that reports of vehicle rollovers in the news media were increasing. Also, in 1996, a patient who replaced roofs of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) told me something that stuck in my mind: He could never find enough accident-damaged SUVs with intact roofs to repair SUVs that had only roof damage. Since I have a teenager who is of driving age, I decided to study the issue.I obtained copies of North Dakota Vehicular Crash Facts for 1994 through 1997 (1-4). These publications detailed all aspects of fatal and nonfatal vehicle ...References1. . 1994 North Dakota Vehicular Crash Facts. Bismarck, ND: North Dakota Department of Transportation; 1995. Google Scholar2. . 1995 North Dakota Vehicular Crash Facts. Bismarck, ND: North Dakota Department of Transportation; 1996. Google Scholar3. . 1996 North Dakota Vehicular Crash Facts. Bismarck, ND: North Dakota Department of Transportation; 1997. Google Scholar4. . 1997 North Dakota Vehicular Crash Facts. Bismarck, ND: North Dakota Department of Transportation; 1998. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Vinod K. Seth, MDAffiliations: University of North Dakota School of MedicineBismarck, ND 58501-1259 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRisk of Injury to Child Passengers in Sport Utility Vehicles 19 March 2002Volume 136, Issue 6 Page: 491 Keywords Adolescents Alcohols Drugs Sports ePublished: 19 March 2002 Issue Published: 19 March 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Outcomes and Effectiveness of Renal Artery Stenting in Patients With Critical Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis: Does it İmprove Blood Pressure Control and Renal Function Assessed by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate?
Authors: Ahmet Çağrı Aykan, Mustafa Yıldız, Süleyman Karakoyun, Tayyar Gökdeniz, Can Yücel Karabay, İbrahim Akın, Çetin Gül
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Breast Cancer Prevention Trial: A Correction
Authors: James N. Atkins
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Mr Marwick 1 stated that the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial was  the value of tamoxifen in preventing breast cancer in the contralateral breast of women who have had the  This obviously is incorrect.  Two different National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Cancer Project (NSABP) trials were mixed up. The Breast Cancer Prevention Trial is investigating the value of tamoxifen citrate in preventing breast cancer in women who are at high risk for the development of breast cancer who have never had invasive disease. To my knowledge, NSABP has never had a study that was designed to try to prevent contralateral breast cancer. NSABP B-14 did demonstrate that using tamoxifen results in a 40% to 50% decrease in the incidence of contralateral breast cancer, but the objective of that study was to determine the worth of using tamoxifen in stage I breast cancer patients.
Thrombocytosis in Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: DAVID A. MOROWITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Six patients with either ulcerative or granulomatous intestinal disease were noted to have markedly elevated concentrations of circulating blood platelets during a period of increased clinical activity of their bowel disorders. The series included three males and three females, ranging in age from 13 to 52 years. Platelet counts were observed for periods varying from 37 to 89 days, and concentrations generally ranged between 500,000 and 1.3 million/mm3. Careful examination failed to disclose any primary hematologic disease, though granulocytic and megakaryocytic hyperplasia of the bone marrow were noted. Other factors capable of inducing thrombocytosis, such as anemia, iron deficiency, and active gastrointestinal bleeding, were not uniformly present. Myelosuppressive therapy was used in three patients with the highest platelet concentrations in an effort to decrease the likelihood of hemorrhagic or thrombotic phenomena often associated with thrombocythemia. One patient with untreated thrombocytosis who underwent surgery demonstrated markedly increased bleeding, requiring numerous transfusions. No other cause of bleeding could be found. No thrombotic episodes were observed. The cause of the increased platelet concentrations is unknown but probably represents an exaggerated though nonspecific response of the bone marrow to chronic inflammation.
Management of feverish children at home.
Authors: A. L. Kinmonth, Y. Fulton, M. J. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To compare the acceptability and effects on temperature of advice to unwrap children and give paracetamol or warm sponging treatments in the management of feverish illness at home. DESIGN--A randomised, open, parallel group study using factorial design comparison of unwrapping, warm sponging plus unwrapping, paracetamol plus unwrapping, and paracetamol and warm sponging plus unwrapping. SETTING--Homes of willing families with a feverish child recruited after consulting one of 21 participating general practitioners in Southampton. SUBJECTS--52 children aged from 3 months to 5 years with axillary temperatures before treatment of &gt; or = 37.8 degrees C and &lt; 40 degrees C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Response to advice assessed over four hours; temperature assessed by continuous data logging from an axillary thermistor; acceptability of treatment to child and parent scored on Likert scales immediately after treatment and on return to health. RESULTS--Response to treatment advice varied; unwrapping alone had little effect on temperature. Paracetamol increased the time below 37.2 degrees C in four hours by 109 (95% confidence interval 74 to 145) minutes compared with unwrapping; warm sponging caused the fastest reduction in temperature. Parents discriminated between treatments, preferring paracetamol. CONCLUSION--Advice to give paracetamol is more effective than sponging or unwrapping in controlling temperature in children at home and is more acceptable to parents. Warm sponging has an additive effect and reduces fever more quickly than paracetamol.
GMC consults on dropping vexatious complaints at an early stage
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Vexatious or serial complaints to the General Medical Council against doctors will be filtered out at an early stage, if proposed changes to the council’s fitness to practise rules go ahead.

The move follows lobbying by Professionals Against Child Abuse, an organisation set up to defend paediatricians involved in child protection work after one high profile doctor, David Southall, was subjected to a record number of complaints. Dr Southall has been a particular target of the campaigning group, Mothers Against Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Abuse …
Supramaximal Dose of Candesartan in Proteinuric Renal Disease
Authors: Ellen Burgess, Norman Muirhead, Paul Rene de Cotret, Anthony Chiu, Vincent Pichette, Sheldon Tobe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

High levels of proteinuria predict renal deterioration, suggesting that interventions to reduce proteinuria may postpone the development of severe renal impairment. This multicenter Canadian trial evaluated whether supramaximal dosages of candesartan would reduce proteinuria to a greater extent than the maximum approved antihypertensive dosage. The authors randomly assigned 269 patients who had persistent proteinuria (> or =1 g/d) despite 7 wk of treatment with the highest approved dosage of candesartan (16 mg/d) to 16, 64, or 128 mg/d candesartan for 30 wk. The median serum creatinine level was 130.0 micromol/L (1.47 mg/dl), and the median urinary protein excretion was 2.66 g/d; most (53.9%) patients had diabetic nephropathy. The mean difference of the percentage change in proteinuria for patients receiving 128 mg/d candesartan compared with those receiving 16 mg/d candesartan was -33.05% (95% confidence interval -45.70 to -17.44; P < 0.0001). Reductions in BP were not different across the three treatment groups. Elevated serum potassium levels (K+ > 5.5 mEq/L) led to the early withdrawal of 11 patients, but there were no dosage-related increases in adverse events. In conclusion, proteinuria that persists despite treatment with the maximum recommended dosage of candesartan can be reduced by increasing the dosage of candesartan further, but serum potassium levels should be monitored during treatment.
Myocardial blood flow in congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relationship to peak wall stress and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening.
Authors: M B Weiss, K Ellis, R R Sciacca, L L Johnson, D H Schmidt, P J Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Myocardial blood flow/unit mass (MBF) and the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption were measured in seven control subjects (group I) and 15 patients (pts) with cardiomyopathy (CM), group II (group IIa-congestive CM: 10 pts; group IIb-hypertrophic CM: 5 pts). In group I left ventricular (LV) MBF was 64 +/- 8 (SD) ml/100g-min; it was significantly lower in IIa (45 +/- 15 ml/100g-min, P less than 0.01) and IIb (39 +/- 7 ml/100g-min, P less than 0.01). However, calculated total LV flow (LV mass X MBF) was increased in the two CM groups. In nine CM pts, LV MBF increased in response to atrial pacing from 41 +/- 7 to 63 +/- 13 ml/100g-min. In group IIa, calculated peak wall stress was normal (4.39 +/hortening (MVcf) was significantly reduced (0.53 +/- 0;18 vs 1.26 +/- 0.12 circum/sec, P less than 0.01). In IIb, MVcf was normal but peak stress was significantly reduced (2.80 +/- 0.75 vs 4.51 +/- 1.10 dynes/cm2 X 10(5), P less than 0.05). Multiple regression analysis based on all pts yielded, MBF - 16.9 MVcf + 9.30 Stress + 0.26 Heart Rate - 26.4 (r=0.79). The data indicate that MBF is reduced in CM patients and the regression analysis suggests that MBF in these 22 pts with normal coronary arteriograms was determined largely by heart rate, peak stress, and ventricular performance.
Comorbidity and Continuity of Psychiatric Disorders in Youth After Detention
Authors: Karen M. Abram, Naomi A. Zwecker, Leah J. Welty, Jennifer A. Hershfield, Mina K. Dulcan, Linda A. Teplin
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

IMPORTANCE Psychiatric disorders and comorbidity are prevalent among incarcerated juveniles.To date
Diagnostic Stomatology: A Clinical Pathologic Approach
Authors: Allen G. Doner
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book is a classic on the correlation of oral lesions to the "total patient." It should be of interest to both the medical and dental professions as it discusses oral symptoms of systemic diseases or dysfunctions, laboratory tests, normal and abnormal ranges and their significance, and case histories. The first chapter deals with the nature of oral disease; the second chapter, with normal laboratory values; the third, with physiology and pathology of blood; the fourth, with urine; the fifth, with saliva; and the sixth through 12th, with tests for infection, clinical intoxication, neoplasia, hormonal imbalance, nutritional disturbances, stress disorders, and hemorrhagic diathesis. In each chapter, the carefully discussed clinical findings are followed by the indicated laboratory tests, including their analysis. It should be useful as a reference text to those engaged in medicine and dentistry.
Remarks on the Phenomenon of the Nutrition of Tissues: With an Inquiry into the Nutritive Value of Beef-Tea
Authors: W. Marcet
Journal: BMJ (1872)

ON considering the composition of food, and comparing it with that of the tissues to be nourished, we observe at once that the nutritive material contains albumen, phosphoric acid, potash, and magnesia, which, finding their way ultimately from blood into tissues, are assimi- lated or fixed, becoming bound together, by means of water, in such a way as to form a solid body, having the same structure and the same composition as the tissue, the waste of which these substances are re- pairing.I have shewn (see BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, February ioth and 24th, 1872) that the constituents of food assume partly the colloid, partly the crystalloid condition (those which are colloid being alone directly concerned in the formation of tissues), and they may be considered as retaining this form after they have been assimi- lated; but these substances cannot be removed in the process of waste, unless by undergoing a metamorphosis from the colloid into the crystalloid or diffusible state.Muscular tissue acquires this new power of diffusibility from the action of potash, which blood yields to tissues in sufficient quantity, not only to assist in building them up (an extremely small proportion of potash enters into their formation, if they contain any at all), but also to transform the assimilated phosphoric acid into a crystalloid phosphate, thereby causing its elimination by a process of diffusion; at the same time, a phenomenon of oxidation effects the removal of the albuminous portions of the tissue by transforming them into kreatine, kreatinine, and sulphuric acid, these several substances being all crystalloid and consequently diffusible.Tissues only contain very small and somewhat varying proportions of chlorine, amounting, when calculated as chloride of sodium, to a mean of 0.275 grammes of this for 200 grains of ox-flesh, and about i i per cent. of the whole of the mineral constituents.This substance must perform some important function in muscular tissue, as it is never absent from it, although it does not actually form part of the assimi- lated tissue.Blood must clearly contain the same kind of substances as we find in tissues, but their relative proportion respectively is vastly different, and no connexion can be traced between the composition of blood or of serum and that of the various solid portions of the body.We must therefore completely set aside an old idea that the serum of blood finds its way into tissues for their nutrition by a kind of process of filtration.Indeed, nothing like a filtration is possible through the capillaries, as their walls are so thoroughly impervious and homogeneous that Vir- chow compares them to a film of collodion." A film of collodion is not more homogeneous nor more continuous than the membrane of a capillary.
Association Between Telomerase Activity and Outcome in Patients With Nonmetastatic Ewing Family of Tumors
Authors: A. Ohali, S. Avigad, I.J. Cohen, I. Meller, Y. Kollender, J. Issakov, I. Gelernter, Y. Goshen, I. Yaniv, R. Zaizov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Telomerase is considered a molecular marker for malignancy. The aim of this study was to determine telomerase activity (TA) as a prognostic factor at diagnosis and as a marker for minimal residual disease during therapy and follow-up in nonmetastatic Ewing family of tumors (EFT). Patients and Methods: Primary tumor specimens and 97 peripheral blood (PBL) samples from 31 EFT patients were analyzed for TA by the Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP assay). The telomerase catalytic subunit (human telomerase reverse transcriptase [hTERT]) gene expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and telomere length was determined by Southern blotting. The presence of the EFT chimeric transcripts was analyzed by RT-PCR. Correlations with progression-free survival were evaluated. Results: At diagnosis, TA in primary tumors did not correlate with outcome. During therapy and follow-up, highly significant correlation was observed between high TA in PBL samples and adverse prognosis (P &lt; .0001). None of the patients harboring low TA progressed, with a long follow-up (median, 60 months) and a progression-free survival (PFS) of 100%. In nine patients, high TA actually could predict relapse, long before overt clinical relapse. The group of patients with high TA and positive RT-PCR had the most adverse outcome; PFS of 20% (P = .0025). TA was found to be a better prognostic factor than RT-PCR and histopathologic response at surgery. Conclusion: The results suggest that TA is a significant prognostic variable, superior to the established clinical prognostic parameters during therapy and tumor surveillance. It could be used in combination with RT-PCR for a new risk classification.
Abstract 5263: The APC tumor suppressor controls epithelial polarization and morphogenesis
Authors: Jenifer R. Prosperi, Adam Schwertner, Frank F. Yang, Kathleen H. Goss
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a multifunctional tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated or lost in most epithelial-derived tumor types, including colorectal, breast and renal cancer. We have previously demonstrated that germline heterozygous Apc mutation disrupts mammary epithelial integrity. In addition, Apc mutation advances polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT)-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Interestingly, in both of these models, the effect of Apc mutation was independent of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. The objective of the present study was to extend these observations to in vitro models and identify the molecular mechanism by which APC exerts its tumor suppressive function through regulation of epithelial polarity and morphogenesis. Using lentiviral-mediated RNA interference, APC was stably suppressed in non-transformed HC11 mammary and MDCK kidney epithelial cells. Although the APC-knockdown cells did not show any significant morphological or growth differences compared to control vector-only or scrambled shRNA-infected cells on plastic, they showed a dramatic multi-layering phenotype when cultured on permeable supports. Moreover, the polarized localization of basolateral markers, such as Dlg and Scrib tumor suppressor proteins, and apical proteins, including MUC1, was severely disrupted. When the cells were cultured under three-dimensional conditions and compared to controls, the APC-knockdown epithelial cells formed enlarged, non-spherical acini and cysts with filled-in lumens, many of which were invasive into the surrounding matrix. Remarkably, in the MDCK APC-knockdown cells, inverted polarity was observed with the apical marker gp135 localized to the periphery of the cysts. Similar to our previous in vivo studies, these polarization defects associated with APC loss did not appear to require activation of the Wnt signaling pathway but likely involve dysregulation of APC-associated cytoskeletal and polarity complex components. These data indicate that APC is a potent regulator of epithelial polarization and morphogenesis and suggest that one mechanism by which APC loss promotes tumorigenesis is by disrupting epithelial architecture to subsequently drive tumor cell growth, survival and invasion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5263. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5263
C-Reactive Protein Modulates Risk Prediction Based on the Framingham Score
Authors: Wolfgang Koenig, Hannelore Löwel, Jens Baumert, Christa Meisinger
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The Framingham Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) prediction score is recommended for global risk assessment in subjects prone to CHD. Recently, C-reactive protein (CRP) has emerged as an independent predictor of CHD. We sought to assess the potential of CRP measurements to enhance risk prediction based on the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in a large cohort of middle-aged men from the general population. Methods and Results— We measured CRP and traditional cardiovascular risk factors at baseline in 3435 white men of German nationality, 45 to 74 years of age. All men were drawn from 3 random samples of the general population in the Augsburg area located in Southern Germany in 1984 to 1985, 1989 to 1990, and 1994 to 1995 (response rate, 80%), and the FRS was calculated in all of them. Outcome was defined as nonfatal and fatal coronary events, including sudden cardiac death. During an average follow-up of 6.6 years, a total of 191 coronary events occurred. Cox regression showed a significant contribution of CRP to coronary event risk prediction independent of the FRS ( P =0.0002). In stratified analysis for 5 categories of FRS, CRP significantly added prognostic information to the FRS in subjects in 2 intermediate risk categories ( P =0.03 and P =0.02). Conclusions— Our results suggest that CRP enhances global coronary risk as assessed by the FRS, especially in intermediate risk groups. This might have implications for future risk assessment.
Death From Respiratory System Disease Among Seventh-Day Adventist Men
Authors: Frank R. Lemon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

There were 850 deaths among 11,071 Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) men from 1958 to 1962. The group was similar to other men in California except for occupation, an older age distribution, and much less tobacco exposure. The total number of deaths observed and death from respiratory disease were approximately one half and one fourth, respectively, of that expected at comparable ages for California men. In the SDA group, the 28 deaths contributed to by emphysema or lung cancer were concentrated in a minority with a history of heavy tobacco usage; only one such death occurred among 3,913 (35%) SDA "lifetime" members who had never smoked. The findings from this study are consistent with previous epidemiologic studies and predictions of a large reduction in lung cancer and other mortality in any nonsmoking US population. The findings support the causal relationship of cigarette smoking to lung cancer but discount the "selection or constitutional" theory.
HIV trial stopped early after good results
Authors: A. Boulton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A United States National Institutes of Health trial of patients with advanced HIV disease has been stopped early because a combination of three drugs showed significant benefits.

The US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases study known as ACTG 320 examined the safety and efficacy of adding a protease inhibitor (indinavir) to two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors-zidovudine and lamivudine. …