tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Behavior therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The need for a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Stefano Bellentani, Riccardo Dalle Grave, Alessandro Suppini, Giulio Marchesini
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is systematically associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, where behavior therapy remains the primary treatment, simultaneously addressing all the clinical and biochemical defects. However, very few studies have tested the effectiveness of intensive behavior therapy in NAFLD, aimed at lifestyle modifications to produce stable weight loss by reduced calorie intake and increased physical activity. Searching the literature for studies testing weight loss and lifestyle modifications for the treatment of NAFLD, only 14 reports were traced where the entry assessment satisfied well-defined criteria. The final effectiveness was based on hard histological outcomes in 5 cases. All but 1 were pilot, uncontrolled studies or limited case series, and in general the details of treatment were scanty. In only 3 cases treatment was carried out along the guidelines of behavior treatment to reduce excess nutrition and increase exercise; in these cases, a remarkable effect on weight loss and an improvement in liver histology were reported. The principles of behavior therapy are presented in detail, to help physicians change their prescriptive attitude into a more empowerment-based approach. A brief section is also included on the practical aspects and public policies to be implemented at societal level to obtain the maximum effects in lifestyle changes. There is a need for multidisciplinary teams including dietitians, psychologists, and physical activity supervisors caring for patients with NAFLD. Alternatively, general practitioners and physicians working in gastrointestinal units should limit their intervention to engage patients with NAFLD before referral to specialized teams set up for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. (Hepatology 2008.)
Factors Associated with Improvement and Worsening of Visual Acuity 2 Years after Focal/Grid Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Lloyd Paul Aiello, Allison R. Edwards, Roy W. Beck, Neil M. Bressler, Matthew D. Davis, Frederick Ferris, Adam R. Glassman, Michael S. Ip, Kellee M. Miller
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Abstract P3-15-06: Results of the MARS study on the management of antiangiogenics’ renovascular safety in breast cancer
Authors: J Gligorov, N Janus, C Daniel, P Beuzeboc, I Ray-Coquard, J-B Rey, C Jouannaud, J-P Spano, J-C Thery, J-F Morere, F Goldwasser, O Mir, F Scotté, S Oudard, M Azizi, R Dorent, G Deray, V Launay-Vacher
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Anti-VEGF drugs (AVD) are widely used in cancer patients (pts). Hypertension (HTN) and proteinuria (Pu) are class-side-effects of AVD, related to the inhibition of the VEGF pathway. The MARS study has been conducted to assess the renovascular tolerance of these drugs in the clinical setting. Methods: This multicentric, prospective, observational study evaluated the renovascular safety of AVD in pts naive from any AVD, conducted in 7 centres in France, from 2009 to 2012, with a follow-up (f/u) of 1 year. Data collected included: gender, age, serum creatinine (SCr), diabetes, HTN, hematuria (Hu) and dipstick Pu, at baseline and at each visit. Results: 1124 cancer pts were included; 402 breast cancer (BC) pts received bevacizumab (1st line: 14.4%; median durations of treatment: months)). Median age at inclusion was 55 years (19-65). Visceral, bone and cerebral metastasis frequencies were 74.7, 5.1 and 2.5%, respectively. HTN prevalences: 12.4%. Baseline renal assessment retrieved: Pu 23.9%, Hu 16.2%, mean aMDRD 96.4 ml/min/1.73m2 and 14 pts with aMDRD&amp;lt;60. The incidence of de novo Pu and HTN during f/u was 61.7 and 16.8% (Table). 69.7% of pts with Pu at inclusion improved or remained stable. Among pts with de novo Pu, 75.7% afterwards improved/normalized. No grade 4 Pu has been reported. Renal function remained stable with a mean aMDRD of 96.2 at the end of f/u. 7.4% had grade 2-3 SCr increase (no grade 3-4). No thrombotic micro-angiopathy (TMA) was reported. Conclusion: These results on the renovascular safety of bevacizumab in BC pts showed that 1) TMA is rare, 2) Grade 3 Pu developed in 4.6% of pts, with no grade 4, 3) less than 17% developed HTN, and 4) aMDRD was stable. Furthermore, in case of a renovascular effect, investigators followed the recommendations from the French Society of Nephrology (Halimi JM. Nephrol Ther 2008) and no treatment withdrawal for unmanageable renovascular toxicity occurred. Renovascular effects in MARS breast cancer patients treated with bevacizumabRenovascular effectsPrevalence at inclusionIncidence during follow-up (de novo**)Pu* (All grades)23.9%61.7%Pu* (Grade 1)22.2%47.1%Pu* (Grade 2)1.7%10.0%Pu* (Grade 3)0.0%4.6%Pu* (Grade 4)0.0%0.0%Hypertension12.4%16.8%Hu* (All Hu)16.2%42.1%Hu* (Traces/+)11.7%33.2%Hu* (++)2.6%6.3%Hu* (+++)1.9%2.6%SCr increase* (All grades)-80.0%SCr increase* (Grade 1)-68.6%SCr increase* (Grade 2)-7.1%SCr increase* (Grade 3)-0.3%*NCI-CTC v4; **de novo = patients with no event at inclusion and who presented an event during follow-up. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-15-06.
Coagulation failure in pregnancy.
Authors: L. D. Courtney
Journal: BMJ (1970)

gastritis may be associated with an ulcer crater on the pyloric ring or in the prepyloric stomach.It is cured by vagal sec- tion yet the disease is commonly associated with absent free hydrochloric acid in the fasting juice and a low response to histamine.In vagotomy we have, in a sense, the right operation found for the wrong reasons.We must, therefore, not let low
Proinflammatory effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus, a bacterium used as hay preservative
Authors: C Duchaine, E Israel-Assayag, M Fournier, Y Cormier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Bacterial cultures, such as Pediococcus pentosaceus, are used to treat hay with the objective of preventing hay heating and moulding, and thus, the development of the microbial growth which causes farmer's lung. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such bacterial cultures have the potential to induce a pulmonary inflammatory response. Mice were instilled 3 days week-1 for 3 weeks with either saline or nonviable preparations of P. pentosaceus, Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, Lactococcus lactis (control bacteria) or with the combinations of S. rectivirgula and P. pentosaceus. P. pentosaceus induced a significant inflammatory response in the lung which was similar to that produced by S. rectivirgula. L. lactis produced a response of a lower intensity. The total number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage were: S. rectivirgula: 6.4 x 10(5) cells.mL-1; P. pentosaceus: 4.3 x 10(5) cells.mL-1; S. rectivirgula + P. pentosaceus: 5.4 x 10(5) cells.mL-1, L. lactis: 6.8 x 10(5) cells.mL-1 and saline group 3.7 x 10(4) cells.mL-1. The lung index was higher in S. rectivirgula+P. pentosaceus and P. pentosaceus groups than in S. rectivirgula, L. lactis and saline groups. The quantity of specific immunoglobulin G and A (IgG and IgA) to P. pentosaceus and L. lactis levels (in the blood and/or lavage fluid) were similar to those against S. rectivirgula. In mice, P. pentosaceus has the potential to induce a similar inflammatory response in the lung as S. rectivirgula, which is the most common antigen responsible for farmer's lung disease in Quebec. Further studies are needed to verify whether farmers can develop farmer's lung or other lung responses to this new potential antigen.
Shorter adult height is linked to raised risk of coronary artery disease, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Genetically determined shorter adult height is associated with significantly increased risk of coronary artery disease, shows a large UK study that suggests the finding is due to a link between shorter height and adverse lipid profile.

Researchers used a genetic approach to investigate this association by looking at 180 height associated genetic variants in 65 066 patients with diagnosed coronary artery …
The Million Dollar Question
Authors: Timothy E. Quill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

If you haven't seen Million Dollar Baby and plan to do so, stop reading. There is much to like about the film. As a father of athletic young women, I loved the physicality of the young female fighter's boxing scenes, though I live in dread of the sucker punch that can change everything. As someone who had to decide about withdrawing life support for my brother who was severely injured in a bicycling accident, I could identify with the agony felt by Clint Eastwood's trainer character as he contemplated the unthinkable — helping the now-quadriplegic former boxer to die. As . . .
MORAL INSANITY IN INEBRIETY.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

it, and so, by making public their demands my inquis- itors may benefit.It is needless to record statistics in speaking of this every-day evil whereby our tympani are assailed, and which by becoming inured deceive us into believing there is no particular harm done.Even though statistics were brought forth, what objections might arise to the statement: "noises create a disturb- ance of the nervous elements to the degree that they are vouched a place in the category of causations of disease."Therefore, it is the object of this paper to reason from pure observation, and attempt a clear
Management and Outcome Differences in Supraglottic Cancer Between Ontario, Canada, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Areas of the United States
Authors: Patti A. Groome, Brian O’Sullivan, Jonathan C. Irish, Deanna M. Rothwell, Karleen Schulze, Padraig R. Warde, Ken M. Schneider, Robert G. Mackenzie, D. Ian Hodson, J. Alex Hammond, Sunil P.P. Gulavita, Libni J. Eapen, Peter F. Dixon, Randy J. Bissett, William J. Mackillop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: We compared the management and outcome of supraglottic cancer in Ontario, Canada, with that in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program areas in the United States. Methods: Electronic, clinical, and hospital data were linked to cancer registry data and supplemented by chart review where necessary. Stage-stratified analyses compared initial treatment and survival in the SEER areas (n = 1,643) with a random sample from Ontario (n = 265). We also compared laryngectomy rates at 3 years in those patients 65 years and older at diagnosis. Results: Radical surgery was more commonly used in SEER, with absolute differences increasing with increasing stage: I/II, 17%; III, 36%; and IV, 45%. The 5-year survival rates were 74% in Ontario and 56% in SEER for stage I/II disease (P = .01), 55.7% in Ontario and 46.8% in SEER for stage III disease (P = .40), and 28.5% in Ontario and 29.1% in SEER for stage IV disease (P = .28). Cancer-specific survival results mirrored the overall survival results with the exception of stage IV disease, for which 34.6% of Ontario patients survived their cancer compared with 38.1% in SEER (P = .10). This stage IV difference was more pronounced when we further controlled for possible cause of death errors by restricting the comparison to patients with a single primary cancer (P = .01). Three-year actuarial laryngectomy rates differed. In stage I/II, these rates were 3% in Ontario compared with 35% in SEER (P &lt; 10 −3 ). In stage III disease, the rates were 30% and 54%, respectively (P = .03), and in stage IV disease they were 33% and 64% (P = .002). Conclusion: There are large differences in the management of supraglottic cancer between the SEER areas of the United States and Ontario. Long-term larynx retention was higher in Ontario, where radiotherapy is widely regarded as the treatment of choice and surgery is reserved for salvage. In stages I to III, survival was similar in the two regions despite the differences in treatment policy. In stage IV, there may be a small survival advantage in the U.S. SEER areas related to the higher use of primary surgery.
GOITER IN THE SOUTHEAST
Authors: EDWARD G. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1918)

This paper is based on a routine systematic study of 407 patients with thyroid enlargements, somewhat less than half of whom have come to operation. The observations recorded in the histories have been made by myself, so that the information possesses whatever of merit may attach to personal responsibility, and lacks whatever of incertitude may result from multiple personal equations. The particular points covered in the histories are some thirty-five in number and, of course, only a few can be commented on in this paper. For the most part the facts do not differ materially from those recorded respecting goiters everywhere. The outstanding features of the exophthalmic type—tachycardia weakness, loss of weight, nervous instability, cardiac and renal disturbances, lymphocytosis, menstrual irregularities, larities, fluctuation of symptoms, etc.—all run approximately true to recognized form. Among sixty-six patients in this class we have noted only two instances of skin bronzing, and only two
Man-made Death
Authors: Eugene, J. Schweitzer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent commentary, Mr Rhodes<sup>1</sup>recommended that statistics should be assembled to determine exactly where the man-made deaths are occurring in the world today. The statistics would focus attention on the guilty parties and allow a first step toward resolution of the problem. The suggested approach is inherently flawed because it ignores the central, essential prerequisite for eliminating the many forms of man-made death: the guilty parties must first come to value human life per se over anything else. As long as preservation of human life is negotiable relative to a perceived greater good, killing will be inevitable. Compilation of statistics is unlikely to alter societal ideologies. For example, some relevant statistics have already been compiled concerning abortions in the United States: around 20 million human beings have been killed in utero since<i>Roe v</i>Wade in 1973, and in some cities there are now
Blunted Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Experimental Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Gloria Juliana Rey-Parra, Stephen L. Archer, Richard D. Bland, Kurt H. Albertine, David P. Carlton, Soo-Chul Cho, Beth Kirby, Al Haromy, Farah Eaton, Xichen Wu, Bernard Thébaud
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD), caused by prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) with O(2)-rich gas, is the most common cause of long-term hospitalization and recurrent respiratory illness in extremely premature infants. Recurrent episodes of hypoxemia and associated ventilator adjustments often lead to worsening CLD. The mechanism that causes these hypoxemic episodes is unknown. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), which is partially controlled by O(2)-sensitive voltage-gated potassium (K(v)) channels, is an important adaptive response to local hypoxia that helps to match perfusion and ventilation in the lung.To test the hypothesis that chronic lung injury (CLI) impairs HPV.We studied preterm lambs that had MV with O(2)-rich gas for 3 weeks and newborn rats that breathed 95%-O(2) for 2 weeks, both of which resulted in airspace enlargement and pulmonary vascular changes consistent with CLD.HPV was attenuated in preterm lambs with CLI after 2 weeks of MV and in newborn rats with CLI after 2 weeks of hyperoxia. HPV and constriction to the K(v)1.x-specific inhibitor, correolide, were preferentially blunted in excised distal pulmonary arteries (dPAs) from hyperoxic rats, whose dPAs exhibited decreased K(v)1.5 and K(v)2.1 mRNA and K(+) current. Intrapulmonary gene transfer of K(v)1.5, encoding the ion channel that is thought to trigger HPV, increased O(2)-sensitive K(+) current in cultured smooth muscle cells from rat dPAs, and restored HPV in hyperoxic rats.Reduced expression/activity of O(2)-sensitive K(v) channels in dPAs contributes to blunted HPV observed in neonatal CLD.
Analysis of risk factors for post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease in Japan
Authors: Koki Takahashi, Takeo Juji, Masaki Miyamoto, Shigeharu Uchida, Taksuya Akaza, Kenji Tadokoro, Yoichi Shibata, Takashi Ino, Akira Hidano
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Analysis of the Human Cancer Glycome Identifies a Novel Group of Tumor-Associated<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine Glycan Antigens
Authors: Tero Satomaa, Annamari Heiskanen, Iréne Leonardsson, Jonas Ångström, Anne Olonen, Maria Blomqvist, Noora Salovuori, Caj Haglund, Susann Teneberg, Jari Natunen, Olli Carpén, Juhani Saarinen
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The cell surface is covered by a dense layer of protein- and lipid-linked glycans. Although it has been known that distinct glycan structures are associated with cancer, the whole spectrum of cancer-associated glycans has remained undiscovered. In the present study, we analyzed the protein-linked cancer glycome by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric glycan profiling of cancer patient tissue samples. In lung cancer, we detected accumulation of a novel group of tumor-associated glycans. These protein-linked glycans carried abnormal nonreducing terminal beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. A similar phenomenon was also detected in structural analyses of tumor-derived glycosphingolipids. This showed that glycan biosynthesis may dramatically change in cancer and that direct glycome analysis can detect the resulting marker glycans. Based on the structural knowledge, we further devised a covalent labeling technique for the detection of GlcNAc-expressing tumors with a specific transferase enzyme. In normal tissues, terminal GlcNAc antigens are capped by galactosylation. Similarly to common cancer-associated glycan antigens T, Tn, and sialyl-Tn, the newly discovered GlcNAc antigens result from incomplete glycosylation. In conclusion, the identified terminal GlcNAc glycans should be recognized as a novel class of tumor markers.
Malignant clonal expansion of large granular lymphocytes with a Leu- 11+, Leu-7- surface phenotype: in vitro responsiveness of malignant cells to recombinant human interleukin 2
Authors: S Koizumi, H Seki, T Tachinami, M Taniguchi, A Matsuda, K Taga, T Nakarai, E Kato, N Taniguchi, H Nakamura
Journal: Blood (1986)
Prospects for Research in Reproductive Health and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Robert L. Goldenberg
Journal: JAMA (2001)

In the last several decades there have been major improvements in the ability to control fertility, treat infertility, and reduce maternal, fetal, and infant mortality. However, neither the preterm birth rate nor the rate of long-term neurologic disabilities associated with preterm birth has declined. Increasing knowledge of the events leading to preterm birth and the pathophysiology of neonatal brain and lung injury suggests that the mortality and long-term impairments associated with these conditions will decrease. The large disparities in reproductive health and birth outcomes between industrialized and developing countries and between most other ethnic groups and blacks in the United States could be reduced by better access to already existing effective interventions.
The Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy: Effect of Sex, Age, Duration of Disease, and Mode of Therapy
Authors: Pesach Segal, Giora Treister, Moshe Yalon, Ruth Sandak, Meir Berezin, Michaela Modan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Studying 445 diabetic patients, we investigated the effects of sex, age, duration of disease, and mode of diabetes therapy on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. Of the study participants, 193 were treated with insulin injections, 164 took oral antidiabetic medications, and 88 were managed on diet alone. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy washighest among insulin-treated patients (64%), while in the oral medication and diet groups, it was 36% and 12%, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy was more prevalent among patients with prolonged duration of disease. Sex and age did not seem to affect the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy when adjustments were made for the duration of disease.
The Marfanoid Hypermobility Syndrome
Authors: BRYAN A. WALKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A patient had the marfanoid habitus but no evidence of evolvement of the aorta or dislocation of the lenses. This was associated with extreme, generalized hypermobility of the joints and marked hyperextensibility of the skin, suggesting the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. There have been at least four previous reports of this combination of findings. The clinical features of this condition differ significantly from those of both the Marfan syndrome and the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and it is suggested that this marfanoid hypermobility syndrome is a distinct entity within the heritable disorders of connective tissue.
High estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes in stage 2–4 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Davide Bolignano, Simone Lennartz, Daniela Leonardis, Graziella D'Arrigo, Rocco Tripepi, Insa E. Emrich, Francesca Mallamaci, Danilo Fliser, Gunnar Heine, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
A Comparison of Immunohistochemical Assays and FISH in Detecting the ALK Translocation in Diagnostic Histological and Cytological Lung Tumor Material
Authors: John Le Quesne, Manisha Maurya, Slaveya G. Yancheva, Mary O’Brien, Sanjay Popat, Andrew C. Wotherspoon, David Gonzalez de Castro, Andrew G. Nicholson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

Detection of the ALK rearrangement in a solid tumor gives these patients the option of crizotinib as an oral form of anticancer treatment. The current test of choice is fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), but various cheaper and more convenient immunohistochemical (IHC) assays have been proposed as alternatives.
A Leading Medical School Seriously Damaged: Vienna 1938
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Misguided by the notion that the decline of the German race would be prevented by purifying "Aryan blood" and eliminating foreign, particularly Jewish, influences, the Nazis evicted all Jews from universities within their growing empire during the Third Reich.The Medical Faculty of Vienna suffered more than any other European faculty from "race hygiene." Within weeks of the Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938, 153 of the Faculty's 197 members were dismissed. By far the most frequent reason for dismissal was Jewish origin. Most victims managed to emigrate, many died in concentration camps, and others committed suicide. The "cleansing" process encountered little resistance, and the vacant posts were quickly filled with persons known not for their medical expertise but for their political trustworthiness. It was in this climate that medical atrocities could be committed. After the collapse of the Third Reich, most members of the Faculty were burdened with a Nazi past. Most remained in office, and those who had to leave were reinstituted swiftly. The Jews evicted in 1938 were discouraged from returning. These events have significantly—and with long-lasting effects—damaged the quality of a once-leading medical school. This story needs to be told to honor its victims and to fortify us so that history does not repeat itself.
The Diaphragm in COPD
Authors: Dudley F. Rochester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by increased resistance to airflow, air trapping, and hyperinflation of the lungs. The increased resistance to airflow increases the work and energy required for breathing. Hyperinflation puts the inspiratory muscles, especially the diaphragm, at a mechanical disadvantage. As lung volume increases, the inspiratory muscles are passively shortened by their own elasticity rather than by active contraction. Thus, COPD not only makes it harder to breathe but also impairs the capacity of the respiratory muscles to handle the added load.Most of this ventilatory burden is borne by the inspiratory muscles. One way to . . .