tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
mRNA expression of variant fas molecules in acute leukemia cells
Authors: Hiroto Inaba, Yoshihiro Komada, Qing-Sheng Li, Xao-Li Zhang, Shigeki Tanaka, Eiichi Azuma, Hatsumi Yamamoto, Minoru Sakurai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Fas (Apo-1/CD95) is a cell membrane receptor involved in apoptotic cell death. Soluble variant forms (sFas) lacking the transmembrane domain due to alternative splicing have been identified. Up-regulation of sFas expression is reportedly implicated in prereceptorial blockage of Fas-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. We examined mRNA expression of Fas and sFas in fresh leukemia cells. All leukemia cells expressed both mRNAs of full-length Fas (FasFull) and sFas with deletion of exon6 (FasDel6). The ratio of FasFull/FasDel6 mRNA expression was not always correlated with Fas-mediated growth inhibition. Interestingly, in a 6-year-old boy with acute myelogenous leukemia, blast cells obtained at onset and at the time of bone marrow relapses expressed distinct amounts of FasDel6 mRNA. Furthermore, the level of FasDel6 expression appeared to be correlated with Fas-resistance in leukemia blasts. In addition, sFas protein levels were elevated in patients' sera at onset with subsequent return to normal levels after complete remission. These results indicated that sFas could be synthesized and released by leukemia blasts and suggested that up-regulation of Fas variant transcript might render leukemia blasts resistant to Fas-mediated growth inhibition in certain cases.
THE VIRULENCE OF DIPHTHERIA-LIKE ORGANISMS: A NOTE ON THE INTRACUTANEOUS TEST
Authors: A. J. Eagleton, E. M. Baxter
Journal: BMJ (1921)

+, 42 (since dead).sleeping sickness).,, 44.30.^;,, 45.PI 33 (since dead).Deaths and Causes.Case 1 ... Sleeping sickness.PI 3 ... Disappeared; presumably dead.5 ... ?Sleepinig sickiness (no records).9 ...
Evolutionary analysis of TATA-less proximal promoter function
Authors: D. L. Crawford, J. A. Segal, J. L. Barnett
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Many molecular studies describe how components of the proximal promoter affect transcriptional processes. However, these studies do not account for the likely effects of distant enhancers or chromatin structure, and thus it is difficult to conclude that the sequence variation in proximal promoters acts to modulate transcription in the natural context of the whole genome. This problem, the biological importance of proximal promoter sequence variation, can be addressed using a combination of molecular and evolutionary analyses. Provided here are molecular and evolutionary analyses of the variation in promoter function and sequence within and between populations of Fundulus heteroclitus for the lactate dehydrogenase-B (Ldh-B) proximal promoter. Approximately one third of the Ldh-B proximal promoter contains interspersed regions that are functionally important: (1) they bind transcription factors in vivo, (2) they effect a change in transcription as assayed by transient transfection into two different fish cell lines, and (3) they bind purified transcription factors in vitro. Evolutionary analyses that compare sequence variation in these functional regions versus the nonfunctional regions indicate that the changes in the Ldh-B proximal promoter sequences are due to directional selection. Thus, the Ldh-B proximal promoter sequence variations that affect transcriptional processes constitute a phenotypic change that is subject to natural selection, suggesting that proximal promoter sequence variation affects transcription in the natural context of the whole genome.
Multiple Bilateral Pulmonary Aspergillomata
Authors: V. Plihal, Z. Jedlickova, J. Viklicky, A. Tomanek
Journal: Thorax (1964)

An increasing number of cases of pulmonary aspergillosis have been reported in the last few years.Up to now about 200 cases of this disease have been described in various papers, the most frequent form of pulmonary aspergillosis being the aspergilloma, of which a full account is given by Villar, Pimentel, and Costa (1962).The majority of these papers were concerned with solitary aspergillomata, and only in a few of them were multiple granulomata described.The former were first reported by Hinson, Moon, and Plummer (1952) and later by Le Nouene, Esquirol, and Ardaillou (1956).These authors described multiple, but unilateral, aspergillomata.Bilateral disease of this type was first mentioned by Lageze, Berard, Galy, and Touraine (1953).Seven other papers, mostly by French authors and covering bilateral multiple granulomata, were presented subsequently (Le Nouene, Sarremejean, and Secousse, 1957;
Increased Frequency of the Uncommon Tumor Necrosis Factor − 857T Allele in British and Dutch Patients with Sarcoidosis
Authors: Jan C. Grutters, Hiroe Sato, Panagiotis Pantelidis, Anna L. Lagan, Deirdre S. McGrath, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Jules M. M. van den Bosch, Athol U. Wells, Roland M. du Bois, Kenneth I. Welsh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Interindividual variation in the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α suggests the existence of functionally distinct TNF alleles, which might play a role in sarcoidosis. We investigated five potentially functional biallelic TNF promoter polymorphisms at nucleotide positions − 1,031(T/C), − 863(C/A), − 857(C/T), − 307(G/A), and − 237(G/A) in two clinically well-defined groups of white patients (British [UK] and Dutch [NL]) with sarcoidosis, each with their own control subjects. Polymorphisms were determined using SSP-PCR. A total of 772 individuals were studied (96 UK patients, 354 UK control subjects, 100 NL patients, 222 NL controls). A significant increase in the rarer TNF − 857T allele was found in both sarcoidosis populations. In total 25.5% of the sarcoid patients carried the TNF − 857T allele versus 14.1% of the control subjects (p = 0.003, pc = 0.02). In the sarcoidosis group the allele frequency of this polymorphism was 13.5% versus 7.3% in the control subjects (p = 0.0003, pc = 0.002). Subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in the rarer TNF − 307A (TNF-2) allele in patients with Löfgren's syndrome (p = 0.006, pc = 0.03). Our finding does not necessarily imply that the two polymorphisms relate to different functions; it may be that one or both are in linkage disequilibrium with the causal site. This requires further studies of functionality and linkage disequilibrium.
Effects of hepatitis B virus, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and familial tendency on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chien-Jen Chen, Kung-Yee Liang, Ah-Seng Chang, Yo-Chi Chang, Sheng-Nan Lu, Yun-Fan Liaw, Wen-Yu Chang, Maw-Chang Sheen, Tong-Ming Lin
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Independent and interactive effects related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma were assessed using a community-based case-control study for hepatitis B virus, habitual alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, peanut consumption and history of hepatocellular carcinoma among the immediate family. All 200 male newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma patients were recruited consecutively through the period of study as the case group from two teaching medical centers in northern and southern Taiwan. Healthy community residents matched one-to-one with cases on age, sex, ethnic group and residential area were selected as the control group. The carrier status of HBsAg and HBeAg was determined by blind radioimmunoassays, and other risk factors were obtained through standardized interviews according to a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between hepatocellular carcinoma and the carrier status of HBsAg and HBeAg with an odds ratio of 16.7 and 56.5, respectively, for carriers of HBsAg alone and for carriers of both HBsAg and HBeAg. There was a dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and hepatocellular carcinoma with an odds ratio of 1.1, 1.5 and 2.6, respectively, for those who smoked 1 to 10, 11 to 20 and more than 20 cigarettes a day. A significant association with hepatocellular carcinoma was also observed for the habitual alcohol consumer with an odds ratio of 3.4. Those whose immediate family had a history of hepatocellular carcinoma were more likely to have the disease develop, with an odds ratio of 4.6. However, the frequency of peanut consumption was not significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chronic idiopathic pulmonary hilar fibrosis: A clinicopathological entity
Authors: M. H. Yacoub, V. C. Thompson
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Idiopathic pulmonary hilar fibrosis is a condition related to mediastinal fibrosis, characterized by localization of the fibrosing process to one or both pulmonary hila. This results in pulmonary hypertension and bronchial narrowing. Three patients suffering from this disease, in whom the diagnosis has been confirmed by thoracotomy, are reported. The clinical and pathological features are described and previously reported cases are reviewed. The syndrome is classified into two types, according to whether the obstruction affects mainly the pulmonary artery or veins. The disease is a self-limiting one but may lead to organic changes in the lungs causing severe disability.
The Pathophysiology of Tachycardia-dependent Paroxysmal Atrioventricular Block After Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: NABIL EL-SHERIF, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG, RALPH LAZZARA, RONALD HOPE, DAVID O. WILLIAMS, PHILIP SAMET
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The pathophysiology of paroxysmal A-V block (PAVB) was studied in 20 anesthetized dogs after ligation of the anterior septal artery. Simultaneous recording of leads II and aV R , as well as intracardiac recordings from the His bundle (Hb) and both bundle branches, were monitored. In 18 of 20 experiments, PAVB was localized in the Hb. In all experiments, PAVB occurred subsequent to Mobitz type II A-V block. In eight experiments, PAVB occurred spontaneously during sinus rhythm and was preceded by a period of Wenckebach periodicity superimposed upon a 2:1 A-V block. Vagal-induced slowing of the sinus rate resulted in immediate resumption of 1:1 A-V conduction. In 18 experiments, PAVB was induced by atrial pacing at a critical heart rate in each case (180-300 beats/min). Evidence is presented that A-V conduction was consistently blocked below a critical H-H interval. Slowing the pacing rate, termination of pacinig or increasing the pacing rate until physiological A-V nodal block occurred, all could result in a longer H-H interval and immediate resumption of A-V conduction. When the critical heart rate for PAVB was maintained, a slow idioventricular escape rhythm occurred. Five patients who developed PAVB after acute myocardial ischemia are also reported providing the clinical counterpart for the experimental observations. In all five cases, PAVB occurred on acceleration of the sinoatrial rate (105-140 beats/min) which was spontaneous in two and induced by drugs given for varied therapeutic indications in three (isoprenaline in two and atropine sulfate in one). In all five, PAVB was associated with Mobitz type II and/or 2:1 A-V block. These experimental and clinical observations suggest that PAVB after acute myocardial ischemia appears to be due to a tachycardia-dependent repetitive concealed conduction in the ischemic His-Purkinje system, probably mainly in the Hb. The clinical observations point out potential consequences of a rapid atrial rate in patients with acute myrocarcial ischemia and type II A-V block.
Increased Availability and Open Probability of Single L-Type Calcium Channels From Failing Compared With Nonfailing Human Ventricle
Authors: Frank Schröder, Renate Handrock, Dirk J. Beuckelmann, Stephan Hirt, Roger Hullin, Leo Priebe, Robert H. G. Schwinger, Joachim Weil, Stefan Herzig
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The role of the L-type calcium channel in human heart failure is unclear, on the basis of previous whole-cell recordings. Methods and Results —We investigated the properties of L-type calcium channels in left ventricular myocytes isolated from nonfailing donor hearts (n=16 cells) or failing hearts of transplant recipients with dilated (n=9) or ischemic (n=7) cardiomyopathy. The single-channel recording technique was used (70 mmol/L Ba 2+ ). Peak average currents were significantly enhanced in heart failure (38.2±9.3 fA) versus nonfailing control hearts (13.2±4.5 fA, P =0.02) because of an elevation of channel availability (55.9±6.7% versus 26.4±5.3%, P =0.001) and open probability within active sweeps (7.36±1.51% versus 3.18±1.33%, P =0.04). These differences closely resembled the effects of a cAMP-dependent stimulation with 8-Br-cAMP (n=11). Kinetic analysis of the slow gating shows that channels from failing hearts remain available for a longer time, suggesting a defect in the dephosphorylation. Indeed, the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid was unable to stimulate channel activity in myocytes from failing hearts (n=5). Expression of calcium channel subunits was measured by Northern blot analysis. Expression of α 1C - and β-subunits was unaltered. Whole-cell current measurements did not reveal an increase of current density in heart failure. Conclusions —Individual L-type calcium channels are fundamentally affected in severe human heart failure. This is probably important for the impairment of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
Intra–bone marrow injection of allogeneic bone marrow cells: a powerful new strategy for treatment of intractable autoimmune diseases in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Taketoshi Kushida, Muneo Inaba, Hiroko Hisha, Naoya Ichioka, Takashi Esumi, Ryokei Ogawa, Hirokazu Iida, Susumu Ikehara
Journal: Blood (2001)
BRONCHOSCOPY AS AN AID IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: LOUIS H. CLERF
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Bronchial asthma has been described by the early writers as a form of asthma in which there occurs spasm of the bronchus and swelling of the bronchial mucous membrane. These statements were based on clinical deductions and supported by meager data obtained at autopsy. As a result, numerous theories were expounded to explain the clinical manifestations and, as is often the case, many of these, although not founded on fact, still influence the teachings of the present day. With the advent of bronchoscopy in the field of diagnosis, it became possible to make direct observations on the appearances, movements and secretions of the trachea and bronchi in the living. In 1907, Nowotny<sup>1</sup>bronchoscopically observed a case of bronchial asthma and made direct applications to the bronchial mucosa through the bronchoscope with favorable results. Since that observation many patients have been bronchoscopically examined by numerous observers. Various observations have been
ABC of vascular diseases. Rehabilitation of the amputee.
Authors: S. J. Chadwick, J. H. Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1992)

A successful above knee amputation.The patient was walking on crutches within 10 days of operation.He had run eight miles a day until acute thrombosis of a popliteal aneurysm produced irreversible ischaemia.Most lower limb amputations are now done because of vascular insufficiency.In 1987, 4985 new lower limb amputees were referred to the disablement service centres (previously known as artificial limb and appliance centres) in England.Two thirds of these amputations were done for peripheral vascular disease and more than a fifth for the complications of diabetes mellitus.About 80% of the patients were over 60 years old at the time of amputation.The probleTms to be faced after amputation, therefore, are not only those of achieving independent mobility, but also of managing illnesses associated with advancing years and returning to the community.There are three important aims: * To produce a soundly healed stump and a patient who can walk.The level of amputation is therefore crucial: above the knee amputations heal readily but many patients who have them never master walking on a prosthesis.The converse is true of below knee amputations * Early rehabilitation with a prosthesis * Cost effectiveness.These may be achieved with a hospital based rehabilitation team that liaises closely with the disablement service centre, the general practitioner, and the community services.A bilateral above knee amputee who was confined to a wheelchair but remained motivated and relatively independent.A well healed below knee amputation stump.The muscularity of the leg has not been adequately accounted for, resulting in a bulky stump that is difficult to fit with a prosthesis.
Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the Netherlands: Lessons From the Dutch
Authors: H Hendin, C Rutenfrans, Z Zylicz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

For 2 decades, both physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia have been given legal sanction in the Netherlands. In response to domestic and international concern about their policies, the Dutch government appointed a commission that oversaw a study of the practice of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in 1990.1That study, which was largely replicated in a 1995 study, was supported by the Royal Dutch Medical Association with the promise that physicians who participated would receive immunity from prosecution for anything they revealed.  See also p 1705.  In 1996, the investigators published a report of their new findings in Dutch2and summarized their work in 2 articles in theNew England Journal of Medicine,3,4which was supported by an editorial in that journal.5These reports have given a favorable interpretation to what could be seen as evidence of little or no improvement by declaring that since matters have not
Cationic amphiphilic macromolecule (CAM)–lipid complexes for efficient siRNA gene silencing
Authors: Li Gu, Leora M. Nusblat, Nasim Tishbi, Sarah C. Noble, Chaya M. Pinson, Evan Mintzer, Charles M. Roth, Kathryn E. Uhrich
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Comparative analysis of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in different types of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries from human heart explants
Authors: T Padró
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: Clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease result primarily from the progressive development of atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombus formation; processes which may be accelerated by an enhanced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in the vessel wall. In the present study, content and expression of PAI-1 were comparatively analyzed in human coronary arteries in relation to the presence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions. Methods: Segments of coronary arteries obtained from heart explants (n = 15) were classified by the presence and types of atherosclerotic lesions. Antigen and activity levels of PAI-1 were determined in protein extracts of intimal and medial layers. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on serial sections of representative tissue specimens. Results: Total PAI-1 antigen consistently increased from macroscopically normal areas (MNAs) to early lesions (ELs) and to maximal levels in fibrous (FPs) and calcified (CPs) plaques. No PAI activity was detected, although PAI-1 in its free form was present in all vascular specimens. Both free PAI-1 and PAI-1 complexed with plasminogen activators were significantly increased in extracts of advanced lesions. However, there was a 2–3 fold molar excess of free versus complexed PAI-1 in FPs and CPs. These findings suggest the presence of relevant amounts of PAI-1 in its substrate rather than in its inhibitor conformation in areas of advanced lesions. Compared with MNAs, PAI-1 mRNA was strongly expressed within the thickened intima of ELs. The highest PAI-1 expression was observed in FPs and CPs, being mainly localized in areas surrounding the necrotic cores in co-localization with infiltrating macrophages. Conclusions: PAI-1 content is consistently increased in relation to the severity of the lesions in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. The concomitant elevation of PAI-1 mRNA suggests that the PAI-1 increase is regulated by local synthesis in the areas of atherosclerotic lesions.
Kenneth Cunningham Rankin
Authors: G. Walker
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Kenneth Cunningham Rankin (“Ken”) was born in Egypt and divided his life between serving in Africa and in Scotland. He did well at school, where he was inspired by reading an account of the work of Albert Schweitzer in Africa. After graduating from Edinburgh University he continued his surgical training in the same Institution. However, travel was always in his blood, and he spent a year as a surgeon on the Canberra. In 1967 the lure of Africa proved irresistible, and he worked for a year at the Sibasa Rural Hospital in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The next year found him based at Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, but he combined this with visits to rural areas in Natal and elsewhere, helping people displaced by the apartheid …
Caspases: pharmacological manipulation of cell death
Authors: Inna N. Lavrik, Alexander Golks, Peter H. Krammer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, play a central role in apoptosis. During the last decade, major progress has been made to further understand caspase structure and function, providing a unique basis for drug design. This Review gives an overview of caspases and their classification, structure, and substrate specificity. We also describe the current knowledge of how interference with caspase signaling can be used to pharmacologically manipulate cell death.
869-5 Primary angioplasty is more cost-effective than prehospital thrombolysis for patients within 90 minutes from a percutaneous coronary intervention center: One-year follow-up of a CAPTIM substudy
Authors: Gerald Vanzetto, Eric Bonnefoy, Helene Bouvaist, Stephanie Marliere, Jean Cassagnes, Paul Touboul, Jacques Machecourt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Humanizing the Basic Sciences
Authors: J. Duguid
Journal: BMJ (1967)

IAJO 377push the loop out of the inserter into the uterine cavity extremely slowly at the beginning, while the remainder of the loop may be extruded more rapidly.Since both the above perforations occurred in the puer- peral uterus I am of the opinion that those less experienced in the procedure should defer insertion of the I.U.C.D. until three or four months following delivery.-Iam, etc., Nairobi, D. WAGHMARAE.Kenya. Cardiac Catheter IntroducerSIR,-Occasionally difficulty may be ex- perienced in introducing a cardiac catheter into a small vein or artery.To overcome this a shoehorn type of introducer has been designed.The narrow end of the shoehorn is easily introduced into the lumen of a small vessel and advanced to distend it.The tip of the catheter is then passed into the vessel through the hollowed-out shoehorn.The crook on the handle ensures easy mancuvrability.
Vaccine Program Advisory Committee Sticks Secretary Lee With Plan to Fix Vaccination System
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A LONG-AWAITED plan for more effective use of vaccines is in the hands of the assistant secretary for health, Philip Lee, MD. By unanimous vote, an advisory committee to the National Vaccine Program Office approved the plan and recommended that the program office's director, Kenneth J. Bart, MD, send it to Lee. If it is put into effect, the plan's drafters believe that some 25 major human diseases caused by viruses or bacteria can be eliminated or at least controlled by vaccines. Given the Clinton administration's much-publicized Comprehensive Childhood Vaccination Initiative, which calls for universal immunization of all eligible children, the plan amounts to a blueprint for almost certain action. Although the emphasis is on fully immunizing children by the age of 2 years, the plan also deals with the need to immunize adults. (The most recent "Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices," recommended by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee and