tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced Insulin Sensitivity in Mexican-Americans From San Antonio With Elevated Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Compared With Mexicans From Mexico City
Authors: Francesco Belfiore, Silvia Iannello
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The interesting article by Burke et al. (1) in the September issue of Diabetes Care reports a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes among low-income Mexican-American residents in San Antonio, Texas, than in a comparable population from Mexico City, Mexico. This difference was not accounted for by the potential mediating factors examined (BMI; waist circumference; fasting and 2-h post–glucose load insulin and glucose; fasting triglycerides and HDL cholesterol; and percentage of impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, or hypertension).

However, in our opinion, an important consideration is missing: the possible role of reduced insulin sensitivity in the high incidence of type 2 diabetes in San Antonio. Indeed, analysis of the data shown in Table 2 of the paper by Burke et al. indicates that both men and women who were residents in San Antonio had statistically significant higher 2-h glucose and 2-h insulin levels compared with men and women who were residents in Mexico City. The simultaneous increase …
Nationwide IV Fluid Shortage Threatens Care
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opt-out scheme is still best way to increase organ donation, says BMA
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The BMA is calling for public discussion about new ways to boost the number of organs available for donation, including using organs from people who would currently be considered unsuitable and reversing a previous decision against an opt-out scheme.

A report published this week predicts that people will continue to die unnecessarily while waiting for a transplant even if the Organ Donation Taskforce meets its target of increasing the number of donors by 50% by 2013.

The BMA’s Medical Ethics Committee, which developed the report, recognises that the organ donation system has improved dramatically over the past 10 years, that new legislation has clarified previous uncertainties over consent and organ donation after circulatory death, and that a new legal system has been established for living organ donation. The government …
Evidence for an additional intracellular site of action of probucol in the prevention of oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. Use of a new water-soluble probucol derivative.
Authors: S Parthasarathy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) renders it more atherogenic. Probucol, a highly nonpolar antioxidant, is transported in lipoproteins, including LDL, and inhibits oxidative modification of LDL in vitro. The ability of probucol to inhibit atherogenesis in the LDL receptor-deficient rabbit has been attributed to its antioxidant effect. We report synthesis of a new water-soluble analogue of probucol that is very effective in preventing cell-induced LDL oxidation. The polar probucol derivative, diglutaryl probucol, is efficiently taken up by endothelial cells and macrophages in culture and is hydrolyzed to release the active antioxidant, probucol. The treated cells, after thorough washing, show a marked decrease in their capacity to oxidize LDL during a subsequent incubation. At high concentrations of the derivative, the cells also released free probucol into the medium. Thus, the effectiveness of probucol in vivo may be related both to its presence in LDL, acting as a nonspecific antioxidant, and to an additional ability to inhibit cell-mediated oxidation of LDL by virtue of its uptake into cells.
Learning from low income countries: mental health
Authors: Kwame McKenzie, Vikram Patel, Ricardo Araya
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Organising mental health services to harness the support of the family and community may improve outcomes Thirty one per cent of all years lived with disability are due to mental illness.Mental health problems are important in every country, even those with high burdens of illness due to infectious diseases. 1ealthy countries generally have more services to combat mental health problems than low income countries.In many low income countries there is typically one psychiatrist per population of 1 000 000, with little or no multidisciplinary team and few regular drugs.Given this mismatch, it is easy to conclude that there is little that psychiatry in developed countries can learn from poorer countries, but this is not the case.Services in low income countries are often greatly under-resourced, under strain, and leave most people with mental health problems with no care.But there are examples of different ways to treat or prevent mental illness from which high income countries can learn.][4][5][6] We do not aim to idealise low income countries, to demonise high technology and psychiatric care, or to offer the stereotype of cohesive traditional communities as a panacea, which could undermine the development of appropriate services.We simply present examples that challenge the orthodox, make us pause to think, and offer rational models for provision of care that high income countries may consider useful.
Pharmacologic Approaches to Radiation Protection
Authors: David M. Brizel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

The concept of the therapeutic ratio (TR) is central to understanding the rationale for using radioprotectors. The TR relates tumor control probabilities and normal tissue complication probabilities to one another. An ideal radioprotector will reduce the latter without compromising the former. It should also be minimally toxic itself. Radioprotective strategies can be classified under the categories of protection, mitigation, and treatment. Protectors are administered before radiotherapy (RT) and are designed to prevent radiation-induced injury. Amifostine is the prototype drug. Mitigants are administered after RT but before the phenotypic expression of injury and are intended to ameliorate injury. Palifermin can be considered as the prototype mitigant. Treatment is a strategy that is predominantly palliative and supportive in nature. Pharmacologic radioprotective strategies should be integrated with physical strategies such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy to realize their maximum clinical potential.
Health Communicator of the Year: Health communicators have the extra factor
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

What makes a successful health communicator in the digital age? Where once a poster or a pamphlet would have sufficed, today’s would be health communicators need an X factor Simon Cowell would be proud of. It is not enough to want to change the way people think about important issues; you also have to be able to use imaginative and effective methods of communication to do so. That means standing out from the crowd and being noticed, in addition to demonstrating balance, accuracy, and an evidence base.

All three of the shortlisted entries for this year’s BMJ Group health communicator of the year award have that something extra. Selected from a total of 15 strong entries, the shortlist includes one doctor, one broadcaster, and one film maker.

Ann McPherson is a general practitioner who in 2001 cofounded DIPEx (database of individual patient experiences), a web based resource in which patients describe their experiences of health and illness. Ten years on, and renamed HealthTalkOnline, the site has sections on 60 illnesses or health related issues. Each month it …
RETURN TO SPORT FOLLOWING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY(THA): DO WE ALL AGREE?
Authors: Y Kaplan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background As younger,healthier patients are having THA, a greater emphasis is being placed on postoperative function, activity, and exercise. With recent advances in implant technology and surgical technique, the survival rates for modern prosthetic designs and patients with these high demands are promising. There is no current consensus on the safety of resuming to sport. The main concerns nevertheless are remaining instability, wear, loosening, and fracture. Objective To provide a narrative literature review relating to returning to sporting activity following a THA. Design An electronic search was conducted up to October 2013, using medical subject headings and free-text words. Subject-specific search was based on the terms “total hip arthroplasty”, “return to sport” and “exercise”. Results 10 articles were found to be suitable. Only one was a prospective randomized study, comparing the type, intensity and frequency of sports activities performed after resurfacing hip arthroplasty vs. THA using a metal-on-metal bearing. All the rest were narrative reviews and expert opinion. One guideline consensus paper was published. Substantial limitations were observed in most of the publications, including small sample size, patient selection, trial quality, heterogeneity of outcome assessments, and potential sources of confounding variables not investigated. Conclusion Each sport should be evaluated on its potential risk to a joint replacement, whether from the force of repetitive injury or the possibility of catastrophic failure. Likewise, a surgeon can use techniques, biomaterials, and implants that will maximize an athlete's chance of success over time. There is a need for a long-term, high-quality, prospective randomized control trial that will compare low vs. high impact sports and their effect on the prostheses. Until then, definitive recommendations should be made based on each patient's expectations, goals and the surgeon's past experience.
Physics and engineering of transcatheter cardiac tissue ablation
Authors: Boaz Avitall, Miqdad Khan, David Krum, John Hare, Cynthia Lessila, Anwer Dhala, Sanjay Deshpande, Mohammad Jazayeri, Jasbir Sra, Masood Akhtar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Mechanisms responsible for antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity to isolated hepatocytes in chronic active hepatitis.
Authors: C Gonzales, A M Cochrane, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1979)

Lymphocytes from patients with chronic active hepatitis have been found to be cytotoxic for isolated rabbit hepatocytes. Although this reaction has been shown to be of the antibody-dependent type, no autologous serum was added to the assay system and in the present experiments the source of the antibody has been sought. The failure of puromycin to block the reaction argued against a role for antibody synthesised during the culture period, and the demonstration that normal mononuclear cells could become cytotoxic when preincubated in chronic active hepatitis sera was more in favour of the passive acquisition of an antibody from the circulation. Evidence for the existence of free antibody in the sera reacting with hepatocyte surface antigens came from an additional series of experiments in which it was shown that preincubation of hepatocytes in chronic active hepatitis sera rendered them susceptible to damage by normal mononuclear cells. This effect was almost completely abolished by adding a membrane lipoportein fraction of human liver (LSP) to the sera during the preincubation step, suggesting that the LSP contained those antigens on the hepatocyte surface against which the majority of the antibodies were directed.
Atelectasis After Endotracheal Anesthesia
Authors: Edward F. Skinner
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> This is a preventable complication of endotracheal anesthesia. The cause and prevention are simple. The right upper lobe atelectasis results when the endotracheal tube is inserted too deeply into the tracheobronchial tree and the lip of the endotracheal tube rests against the right upper lobe orifice, obstructing it and causing atelectasis of the right upper lobe. Prevention of this complication takes only a minute of the anesthetist's time. Before the endotracheal tube is inserted, it should be measured on the outside of the patient's neck so that it reaches almost but not quite to the angle of Louis. The angle of Louis corresponds to the bifurcation of the trachea and the carina internally. The endotracheal tube should be taped firmly to the patient's mouth so that it cannot slip deeper during operative manipulations.
Familial Hyperprolinemia
Authors: Mary L. Efron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

HYPERPROLINEMIA is a familial disorder characterized by elevation of the plasma proline concentration and in some cases by an aminoaciduria consisting of increased excretion, not only of proline but also of hydroxyproline and sometimes glycine.1 , 2 Only 1 family with the disorder has been reported in the literature to date. In that family multiple disorders were present both in hyperprolinemic and in nonhyperprolinemic members. It was therefore impossible to determine whether there was any relation between the clinical findings and the biochemical defect.Another family with hyperprolinemia has now been studied; many members of this second family had renal disease of . . .
Early qualitative risk assessment of the emerging zoonotic potential of animal diseases
Authors: Stephen Palmer, David Brown, Dilys Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Early qualitative risk assessment of the emerging zoonotic potential of animal diseases Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Statins may reduce risk of depression
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Long term use of statins provides psychological benefits as well as reducing the risk of coronary artery disease, a new study has found Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2003;42: 690-6.

The latest findings contradict earlier studies that linked use of statins to higher rates of suicide and depression Lancet 1992; 339: 727-29 and Cardiovascular Risk Factors 1995;5: 267-80).

The researchers, led by Yinong Young-Xu and Dr Charles Blatt of the Lown Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Harvard …
(15) The immunohistochemistry of systemic follicular lymphoma with cutaneous involvement
Authors: G.F. Oliver, R. Cerio, C. Dabski, R.K. Winkelmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article (15) The immunohistochemistry of systemic follicular lymphoma with cutaneous involvement Get access G.F. Oliver, G.F. Oliver Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Cerio, R. Cerio Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Dabski, C. Dabski Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.K. Winkelmann R.K. Winkelmann Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue s34, 1 July 1989, Page 60, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb05966.x Published: 01 July 1989
Low-Density Lipoprotein and High-Density Lipoprotein Particle Subclasses Predict Coronary Events and Are Favorably Changed by Gemfibrozil Therapy in the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial
Authors: James D. Otvos, Dorothea Collins, David S. Freedman, Irina Shalaurova, Ernst J. Schaefer, Judith R. McNamara, Hanna E. Bloomfield, Sander J. Robins
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Changes in conventional lipid risk factors with gemfibrozil treatment only partially explain the reductions in coronary heart disease (CHD) events experienced by men in the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial (VA-HIT). We examined whether measurement of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle subclasses provides additional information relative to CHD risk reduction. Methods and Results— This is a prospective nested case-control study of 364 men with a new CHD event (nonfatal myocardial infarction or cardiac death) during a 5.1-year (median) follow-up and 697 age-matched controls. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to quantify levels of LDL and HDL particle subclasses and mean particle sizes in plasma obtained at baseline and after 7 months of treatment with gemfibrozil or placebo. Odds ratios for a 1-SD increment of each lipoprotein variable were calculated with adjusted logistic regression models. Gemfibrozil treatment increased LDL size and lowered numbers of LDL particles (−5%) while raising numbers of HDL particles (10%) and small HDL subclass particles (21%). Concentrations of these LDL and HDL particles achieved with gemfibrozil were significant, independent predictors of new CHD events. For total LDL and HDL particles, odds ratios predicting CHD benefit were 1.28 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.47) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.81), respectively. Mean LDL and HDL particle sizes were not associated with CHD events. Conclusions— The effects of gemfibrozil on NMR-measured LDL and HDL particle subclasses, which are not reflected by conventional lipoprotein cholesterol measures, help to explain the demonstrated benefit of this therapy in patients with low HDL cholesterol.
The Role of the Liver and the Adrenal in Producing Elevated Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid Levels in Surgery1
Authors: Frank H. Tyler, C. Duwayne Schmidt, Kristen Eik-Nes, Harold Brown, Leo T. Samuels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

In another paper of this series (1) it was dem- onstrated that most patients undergoing surgery developed increased plasma levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Evidence was presented that these rises are mediated in part by extra-adrenal factors.The concept that extra-adrenal factors may affect adrenal steroid levels is not a new one but little evidence to support such a concept has been presented.The liver is known to contain enzyme systems capable of modifying these compounds in vitro (2).The reduced effect of the diseased liver in estrogen metabolism has been advanced by many authors as the explanation of the clinical evidence suggestive of estrogenic overactivity in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (3).That liver disease results in profound alteration of adrenocortical steroid metabolism also, has been demonstrated in current studies by Brown, Willardson, Samuels, and Tyler (4).Thus it seemed logical to study the relation of hepatic function to the magnitude of the rise in 17hydroxycorticosteroids after surgery.In addi- tion, it was hoped that by the determination of free and conjugated steroids of this type in the urine an estimate of the total adrenal output of these substances would be obtained.By the cor- relation of the data it was expected that the in- fluence of increased adrenal secretion and of im- paired steriod disappearance resulting from hepatic dysfunction could be evaluated at least on a qualitative basis.In this report data dealing with these aspects of the effect of surgery on adrenal steroid
Cricoarytenoid arthritis presenting as croup
Authors: Kavitha Masilamani, Anjum Gandhi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is one of the most common rheumatic diseases of childhood and a major cause of chronic disability. Most standard paediatric textbooks and review articles about this condition do not mention cricoarytenoid joint fixation as a presenting feature or complication.1 There are only a few cases reported worldwide, primarily in emergency medicine or anaesthesia journals.2 Early recognition of this potentially life-threatening condition can prevent the need for tracheostomy.
A Selective Tumor Microvasculature Thrombogen that Targets a Novel Receptor Complex in the Tumor Angiogenic Microenvironment
Authors: Amr El-Sheikh, Per Borgstrom, Gourab Bhattacharjee, Mattias Belting, Thomas S. Edgington
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract We have previously shown that part of the heparin-binding domain of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), designated HBDt, localizes very selectively to surfaces of the endothelial cells of i.t blood vessels. Here, we have coupled the HBDt to the extracellular domain of tissue factor (TFt), to locally initiate the thrombogenic cascade. In tumor-bearing mice, infusion of this HBDt.TFt results in rapid occlusive thrombosis selective only for tumor microvasculature with resultant infarctive destruction of tumors. We now show that infusion of an optimal combination of this HBDt.TFt and its requisite cofactor (factor VIIa) in tumor models results in significant tumor eradication. Binding studies and confocal microscopy indicate that the target for the HBDt.TFt seems to be a trimolecular complex of chondroitin C sulfate proteoglycan, neuropilin-1, and VEGF receptor-2, overexpressed together only in highly angiogenic sites of the tumor microenvironment. The HBDt.TFt was also colocalized with the trimolecular receptor complex in endothelial sprouts from tumor tissues, and its binding inhibited the growth of such sprouts. In vitro, we show that the HBDt structure has its highest affinity for chondroitin 6 sulfate. We show the potential of this HBDt.TFt as a candidate therapeutic and elucidate its target in vivo.
DYSKERATOSIS IN BOWEN'S DISEASE: THE ULTRASTRUOTURE AND FATE OF KERATINOCYTES WITH ALTERED TONO-FILAMENT-DESMOSOME COMPLEXES
Authors: JOSEF KARÁSEK, JAN PIT́HA, WOLFGANG OEHLERT, BOHUSLAV KONRAD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Summary.— The ultrastructure of dyskeratotic cells in Bowen's disease has been studied. It has been found that, in the suprabasal layers in some keratino-cytes, all tonofilament-desmosome complexes (TFDC), as well as many cytoplasmic organelles, are altered. The earliest stage of TFDG alteration con-sisted in the separation and retraction of tonofilaments from the desmosomes. The consequence of this was the disappearance of the desmosomes and acantholytic separation of the involved keratinocyte. Our findings indicate that this was followed by the disintegration of the involved keratinocyte apart from the tonofilaments. These were released into the intercellular space and finally into the corium through breaks In the basal lamina. The Langerhans and some other dendritic epidermal cells are likely to play a role in the latter process.