tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phenytoin has little effect on in-vitro models of wound healing
Authors: SARAH M. VIJAYASINGHAM, P.J. DYKES, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

It has been reported that phenytoin induces gingival and connective tissue hyperplasia and may be of use in wound healing. In this study the effect of phenytoin on human epidermal keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts has been investigated in vitro. Cell cultures were exposed to increasing concentrations of phenytoin from 10(-9) to 10(-4) M in the presence of 1 and 10% serum supplemented medium. In addition the effect of phenytoin on epidermal cell migration (epiboly) has been investigated using organ culture of human skin. No stimulation of cell growth was observed, and only a mild toxicity affecting keratinocytes was seen at the highest concentrations. Similarly, no effect on epidermal cell migration in vitro was observed. The lack of a direct effect in vitro suggests that any in-vivo effect was not the result of interaction between phenytoin and keratinocytes or fibroblasts but possibly due to indirect modulation via other cell types, such as inflammatory or lymphoreticular cells.
Tumor Regression Model of Cervical Cancer – Response
Authors: Jian Z. Wang, Zhibin Huang, Simon S. Lo, John C. Grecula, Nina A. Mayr, William T.C. Yuh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

We appreciate Dr. Mirk's comments on our article recently published in Cancer Research ([1][1]) and the potential value of the positron emission tomography (PET) in the assessment of early response to radiation therapy in cervical cancer. The primary goal of our article ([1][1]) was to establish a
MUMMIFICATION OF LEFT ARM FOLLOWING MAMMARY CARCINOMA
Authors: Otto Van der Velde
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The case reported here is one which I have recently observed and studied and which I have discussed with other surgeons and pathologists, none of whom could recall a parallel case either from their own experience or from their knowledge of the literature. The case was of great interest to me because of its rarity and also from the point of view of development. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. D., a white woman, aged 65, whose previous history had been negative, had come under my observation at various times for numerous minor complaints, but all were of psychogenic origin. She was the type of patient who enjoyed poor health. However, in August, 1928, she presented herself with what was considered a fairly early carcinoma of the left breast. There were no apparent signs of axillary metastases. Operation was advised, and a complete amputation was done elsewhere by a competent surgeon, but
Oblique rib views after blunt chest trauma: an unnecessary routine?
Authors: P D Evans
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Iron-deficiency anaemia is a widespread and largely preventable problem in the paediatric population, with numerous potential sequelae. We describe the case of a 2-year-old girl presenting with non-specific symptoms, who was found to be iron-deficient and anaemic, in the context of excessive cow’s milk consumption. We explore the patient’s diagnostic journey, including a neurological deterioration and the link between her iron deficiency and the final diagnosis.
Molecular characterization of a 10‐kDa buckwheat molecule reactive to allergic patients’ IgE
Authors: R. Matsumoto, K. Fujino, Y. Nagata, S. Hashiguchi, Y. Ito, Y. Aihara, Y. Takahashi, K. Maeda, K. Sugimura
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Using the sera from buckwheat (BW)-allergic patients, several putative causative molecules were reported. However, few molecules were determined on the molecular structure. We demonstrated in 2000 that the major allergen with 24 kDa (BW24KD) is a legumin-like storage protein.The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize further a major allergen with 10 kDa by molecular cloning.Buckwheat allergens were identified by immunoblotting analysis using sera from 14 allergic and two nonallergic individuals. We identified a protein with 10 kDa (BW10KD) that reacted with immunoglobulin E (IgE) more strongly than with IgG and IgA in 57% of the allergic patients but not with IgE in nonallergic individuals. Analyses were performed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and molecular cloning. Physiological significance was assessed by an immunoblotting experiment showing that the reactivity of an allergic patient's serum IgE to BW10KD was competitively inhibited by natural BW extracts.Molecular cloning experiments indicated that BW10KD as a BW allergen was a member of the 2S-albumin multigene family.
An Open, Randomised, Multicentre, Phase 3 Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Two Tamoxifen Schedules in Preventing Gynaecomastia Induced by Bicalutamide Monotherapy in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Davide Bedognetti, Alessandra Rubagotti, Giario Conti, Francesco Francesca, Ottavio De Cobelli, Luca Canclini, Michele Gallucci, Francesco Aragona, Pasquale Di Tonno, Pietro Cortellini, Giuseppe Martorana, Alberto Lapini, Francesco Boccardo
Journal: European Urology (2009)
SETBP1 mutation analysis in 944 patients with MDS and AML
Authors: F Thol, K J Suchanek, C Koenecke, M Stadler, U Platzbecker, C Thiede, T Schroeder, G Kobbe, S Kade, P Löffeld, S Banihosseini, G Bug, O Ottmann, W-K Hofmann, J Krauter, N Kröger, A Ganser, M Heuser
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
The Final Push for Polio Eradication: Addressing the Challenge of Violence in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria
Authors: Seye Abimbola, Asmat Ullah Malik, Ghulam Farooq Mansoor
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Seye Abimbola and colleagues provide a view from Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan on global efforts to eradicate polio in those countries. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
995 A dynamic model to predict sustained virological response to combination peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS(®)) and ribavirin (COPEGUS(®)) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: P FERENCI, M FRIED, M CHANEAC
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Current therapy involving pegylated interferon-α alone (Pegasys, PEG-Intron™) or in combination with ribavirin (1) (Rebetrol™, Copegus™), is expensive, associated with side-effects and exhibits only modest success rates. Future therapies need to include the more elusive HCV subtypes and should benefit from targeting viral replication directly. This chapter discusses therapies that include inhibitors of viral protein targets and inhibitors for non-viral targets. Fueled by the success of targeting the HIV protease and reverse transcriptase, the largest anti-HCV drug discovery efforts have been directed towards NS3 protease and NS5b RNA polymerase. NS3 is a relatively small serine protease of the chymotrypsin family and peptide sequence requirements for both efficient cleavage and competitive inhibition are well known. As low micromolar inhibition could be achieved with hexapeptides derived from N-terminal P-site cleavage products, the vast majority of work has not strayed from competitive peptidic inhibitors with either a covalent (‘serine traps') or non-covalent mode of interaction. NS5b is essential for viral replication and uses single-stranded HCV RNA as a template to initiate de novo synthesis.
Effect of cetirizine on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: M. Aubier, C. Neukirch, C. Peiffer, M. Melac
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Although H 1 antihistamine compounds (H 1 ) are highly effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), their role in the treatment of asthma is still controversial. Because a strong association between AR and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) has been reported, this study was designed to assess the effect of a new H 1 anti histamine, cetirizine (C), on nonspecific BHR in patients with AR. Twelve patients were included in a double‐blind, crossover, placebo‐controlled trial. All patients had positive skin tests for common allergens and showed BHR to inhaled methacholine after specific nasal allergenic challenge. After a washout period of 1 week to ensure the stability of the BHR, the patients received, by crossover randomization, C 10 mg daily or placebo (P) for 2 weeks. After each treatment period, BHR and nasal blocking index (NBI) were measured 1 and 6 h after nasal challenge. Bronchial responsiveness was expressed as methacholine PD 20 , the provocation dose of methacholine causing a 20% decrease in FEV 1 . Measurements were then performed after 2 weeks of C and after 2 weeks of P. Baseline values of PD 20 (median) measured before challenge showed no difference after cetirizine or after placebo (1.36 mg). Results 1 h after allergen did not show significant differences between C (methacholine PD 20 =0.522 mg) and placebo (methacholine PD 20 =0.455 mg). By contrast, 6 h after challenge, methacholine PD 20 was 0.918 mg for C and 0.483 mg for P ( P =0.042). Similarly, NBI showed no change between C and P 1 h after challenge, whereas the difference was significant 6 h after challenge ( P =0.011). These data demonstrate a protective nasal effect of C against BHR measured 6 h after nasal allergen challenge in patients with AR. They suggest that C may be useful in patients with asthma associated with AR.
Prevention of Melanoma by Recognition of Its Precursors
Authors: Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, Arthur R. Rhodes, Arthur J. Sober
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

"Fear has big eyes." This proverb describes our feelings about cancer: we are all afraid of cancer and we are continually seeking clues to detect it as early as possible. Unfortunately, there are few early warnings. Although self-examination of the breasts and testicles for nodules has been widely publicized, self-examination of the skin to detect melanoma has not been adequately emphasized. Early melanoma is usually easy to recognize. Moreover, the prognosis is negatively correlated with tumor thickness: patients with early "thin" primary melanoma have a 95 to 100 per cent survival rate, whereas those with thick lesions have a dismal . . .
Contrast echocardiographic estimation of regional myocardial blood flow after acute coronary occlusion.
Authors: A J Kemper, T Force, R Kloner, M Gilfoil, L Perkins, S Hale, K Alker, A F Parisi
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Contrast echocardiography can predict pathologic area at risk during acute coronary occlusion. In this study we evaluated (1) whether the intensity and timing of contrast appearance in ischemic regions can provide a quantitative measure of residual myocardial perfusion, and (2) whether changes in these parameters observed after serial injections reflect changes in blood flow to acutely ischemic tissue. Supra-aortic hydrogen peroxide contrast echocardiography was performed in 12 consecutive dogs at 1, 20, and 120 min after acute circumflex coronary occlusion. Contrast enhancement was determined qualitatively with a segmental four-point scoring system based on the appearance time and peak perceived intensity of contrast enhancement and quantitatively with a computer algorithm designed to reflect these parameters. Comparison was made in each segment to concomitant radioactive microsphere blood flow. Qualitative scoring related systematically to normalized segmental blood flow (3+ = 93%; 2+ = 61%; 1+ = 32%; 0 = 18%; p less than .01 for each vs adjacent value), as did quantitative analysis including all segments (r = .78; p less than .01) and isolated to the ischemic region (flow = 1.13 intensity change +6.8%; r = .83, p less than .001). Changes in microsphere flow in ischemic regions between sequential observations were correlated with changes in qualitative score (r = .88, p less than .001) and results of quantitative analysis (r = 0.70, p less than .01). The amount of contrast enhancement can provide quantitative information about residual myocardial blood flow in ischemic regions and can also be used to track changing patterns of flow in vivo after acute coronary occlusion.
Myocardial Infarction—A Ten-year Experience in a Midwestern General Hospital
Authors: C. T. ANASTASSIADIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

Excerpt This study presents a ten-year experience in the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction in a 150-bed general hospital in La Crosse, Wisconsin, a city of 45,000 inhabitants. The cases were seen in the Lutheran Hospital and the Gundersen Clinic, which are attached and which share common medical records and medical staff. Because the policy of this closed medical staff is to treat all heart attacks in the hospital, no patients were treated at home. It is believed, therefore, that this report approximates general medical experience with acute myocardial infarction in smaller midwestern hospitals of the United States. MATERIALS
We need cooperation rather than competition
Authors: Michael Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A year or two from now general practitioners will be in charge of the NHS budget in England, except in a few specialist areas. Pages of analysis and comment have been written since the white paper was published last July, and the main concerns of the various stakeholders are well documented, boiling down to competition law, sly privatisation, cherry picking of the profitable patients, and the widening gap in health inequality. On the cheerier side, it is taken as read that family doctors are best placed to decide what their patients need and how they can provide for those needs. It’s great to see this unquestioning faith in good old GPs who, a blink of an eye ago, were accused of being fat cats with the new GP contract and never available when their patients wanted them.

Luckily, the businessman Sir Gerry Robinson asked recently on BBC Newsnight , “What evidence is there that GPs know what is best for their patients?” There have been successful pockets of practice …
Evaluation of <sup>3</sup>H‐Histamine Incorporation into Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
Authors: M. Barazarte, M. C. Conroy, A. L. de Weck
Journal: Allergy (1982)

We have examined the use of 3 H‐histamine for evaluating in vitro basophil responses. Incubation of 3 H‐histainine for 4 h with basophil‐enriched mononuclear fractions containing autologous plasma, resulted in the best incorporation of the label. Even so, less than 3 % of the added label was actually recovered and other leukocytes also bound or incorporated 3 H‐histamine. Labeled mononuclear preparations failed to release 3 H‐histamine when challenged with zymosan‐activated serum or anti‐IgE, but endogenous histamine released under the same experimental conditions could be determined fluorometrically. The calcium ionopbore, A23187, however, did cause a dose‐dependent release of 3 H‐histamine. We conclude that 3 H‐histamine is not preferentially incorporated into basophil granules, and that this technique cannot be used for assessing allergen and/or IgE‐mediated basophil responses.
Identification of resident hepatic stem cell populations
Authors: Nicholas A Shackel, Fiona J Warner, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Human hepatic stem cells (hHpSCs), which are pluripotent precursors of hepatoblasts and thence of hepatocytic and biliary epithelia, are located in ductal plates in fetal livers and in Canals of Hering in adult livers. They can be isolated by immunoselection for epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive (EpCAM+) cells, and they constitute approximately 0.5–2.5% of liver parenchyma of all donor ages. The self-renewal capacity of hHpSCs is indicated by phenotypic stability after expansion for &gt;150 population doublings in a serum-free, defined medium and with a doubling time of approximately 36 h. Survival and proliferation of hHpSCs require paracrine signaling by hepatic stellate cells and/or angioblasts that coisolate with them. The hHpSCs are approximately 9 microm in diameter, express cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19, CD133/1, telomerase, CD44H, claudin 3, and albumin (weakly). They are negative for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1, and for markers of adult liver cells (cytochrome P450s), hemopoietic cells (CD45), and mesenchymal cells (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and desmin). If transferred to STO feeders, hHpSCs give rise to hepatoblasts, which are recognizable by cordlike colony morphology and up-regulation of AFP, P4503A7, and ICAM1. Transplantation of freshly isolated EpCAM+ cells or of hHpSCs expanded in culture into NOD/SCID mice results in mature liver tissue expressing human-specific proteins. The hHpSCs are candidates for liver cell therapies. Reproduced from Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2007, 204:1973–1987. Copyright 2007 Rockefeller University Press.
Efficacy vs Effectiveness
Authors: Sherry L. Pagoto, Stephenie C. Lemon
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Medial Rectus Muscle of Patients with Consecutive Exotropia after Medial Rectus Muscle Recession
Authors: Takashi Negishi, Akiko Hikoya, Haruo Isoda, Yoko Tsuchiya, Mayu Sawada, Yoshihiro Hotta, Miho Sato
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Winds of change: reducing transboundary air pollutants.
Authors: C G Reuther
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, persistent organic pollutants, particulate matter, and heavy metals---air pollutants once thought to be problems that could be solved locally, where the effects occur---are all currently being discussed in international forums. A spate of meetings and agreements in recent months has shown many international governments to be more willing than ever to try to limit the amount of their air pollution that drifts into other countries. Prompting this policy shift are increasing emissions in some parts of the world, better monitoring, and an improved understanding of air pollution transport and the effects of air pollution. In most regions of the world, however, no international agreements on air pollution exist at all, while in others, many overlapping local, multilateral, and global agreements address the problem simultaneously. According to the World Health Organization, air pollution causes nearly 3 million deaths per year, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that ground-level ozone causes damage to U.S. crops totaling $1-2 billion each year.
Effects of a Palliative Care Intervention on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Marie Bakitas, Kathleen Doyle Lyons, Mark T. Hegel, Stefan Balan, Frances C. Brokaw, Janette Seville, Jay G. Hull, Zhongze Li, Tor D. Tosteson, Ira R. Byock, Tim A. Ahles
Journal: JAMA (2009)

There are few randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of palliative care interventions to improve the care of patients with advanced cancer.To determine the effect of a nursing-led intervention on quality of life, symptom intensity, mood, and resource use in patients with advanced cancer.Randomized controlled trial conducted from November 2003 through May 2008 of 322 patients with advanced cancer in a rural, National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center in New Hampshire and affiliated outreach clinics and a VA medical center in Vermont.A multicomponent, psychoeducational intervention (Project ENABLE [Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends]) conducted by advanced practice nurses consisting of 4 weekly educational sessions and monthly follow-up sessions until death or study completion (n = 161) vs usual care (n = 161).Quality of life was measured by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy for Palliative Care (score range, 0-184). Symptom intensity was measured by the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (score range, 0-900). Mood was measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (range, 0-60). These measures were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and every 3 months until death or study completion. Intensity of service was measured as the number of days in the hospital and in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the number of emergency department visits recorded in the electronic medical record.A total of 322 participants with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract (41%; 67 in the usual care group vs 66 in the intervention group), lung (36%; 58 vs 59), genitourinary tract (12%; 20 vs 19), and breast (10%; 16 vs 17) were randomized. The estimated treatment effects (intervention minus usual care) for all participants were a mean (SE) of 4.6 (2) for quality of life (P = .02), -27.8 (15) for symptom intensity (P = .06), and -1.8 (0.81) for depressed mood (P = .02). The estimated treatment effects in participants who died during the study were a mean (SE) of 8.6 (3.6) for quality of life (P = .02), -24.2 (20.5) for symptom intensity (P = .24), and -2.7 (1.2) for depressed mood (P = .03). Intensity of service did not differ between the 2 groups.Compared with participants receiving usual oncology care, those receiving a nurse-led, palliative care-focused intervention addressing physical, psychosocial, and care coordination provided concurrently with oncology care had higher scores for quality of life and mood, but did not have improvements in symptom intensity scores or reduced days in the hospital or ICU or emergency department visits.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00253383.
Bile acids activate fibroblast growth factor 19 signaling in human hepatocytes to inhibit cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene expression
Authors: Kwang‐Hoon Song, Tiangang Li, Erika Owsley, Stephen Strom, John Y. L. Chiang
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Mouse fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) and human ortholog FGF19 have been identified as the bile acid–induced intestinal factors that mediate bile acid feedback inhibition of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene (C YP7A1) transcription in mouse liver. The mechanism underlying FGF15/FGF19 inhibition of bile acid synthesis in hepatocytes remains unclear. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-specific agonist GW4064 strongly induced FGF19 but inhibited CYP7A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in primary human hepatocytes. FGF19 strongly and rapidly repressed CYP7A1 but not small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA levels. Kinase inhibition and phosphorylation assays revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MAPK/Erk1/2) pathway played a major role in mediating FGF19 inhibition of CYP7A1. However, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of SHP did not affect FGF19 inhibition of CYP7A1. Interestingly, CDCA stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) in hepatocytes. FGF19 antibody and siRNA specific to FGFR4 abrogated GW4064 inhibition of CYP7A1. These results suggest that bile acid–activated FXR is able to induce FGF19 in hepatocytes to inhibit CYP7A1 by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. Conclusion: The hepatic FGF19/FGFR4/Erk1/2 pathway may inhibit CYP7A1 independent of SHP. In addition to inducing FGF19 in the intestine, bile acids in hepatocytes may activate the liver FGF19/FGFR4 signaling pathway to inhibit bile acid synthesis and prevent accumulation of toxic bile acid in human livers. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:297-305.)