tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytokine levels in human synovial fluid during the different stages of acute gout: role of transforming growth factor β1 in the resolution phase
Authors: Anna Scanu, Francesca Oliviero, Roberta Ramonda, Paola Frallonardo, Jean-Michel Dayer, Leonardo Punzi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Three illustrative cases are briefly presented to demonstrate the potential fallibility in administration of a test dose prior to epidural anesthesia. Possible mechanisms are discussed of the central nervous system or cardiovascular toxic reactions to local anesthetics that can occur even if the test dose demonstrates no alterations.
Subpopulations at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from air pollution
Authors: I. Annesi-Maesano, N. Agabiti, R. Pistelli, M‐F. Couilliot, F. Forastiere
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Epidemiological research to identify subpopulations with enhanced susceptibility to air pollution is still at an early stage. From the available studies, there is evidence that both “endogenous” and “exogenous” factors contribute to individual susceptibility. Females and the elderly are at an increased risk of pollution-related diseases. Moreover, some chronic clinical conditions seem to be good candidates for identifying the “frail” populations: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including asthma, coronary heart diseases, congestive heart failure, and heart rhythm disorders. It seems clear that epidemiological research on susceptibility in the future should investigate the underlying biological and physiological mechanisms, in addition to the environmental and toxicological effects.
Prospective Study of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: V. A. Kirsh, U. Peters, S. T. Mayne, A. F. Subar, N. Chatterjee, C. C. Johnson, R. B. Hayes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

BackgroundSeveral epidemiologic studies have reported associations between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk of prostate cancer, but the findings are inconsistent and data on clinically relevant advanced prostate cancer are limited.
CYTOSTATIC ELIMINATION OF SYNGENEIC RAT TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO BY NONSPECIFICALLY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES
Authors: R. Keller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Syngeneic tumor cell lines induced in inbred DA rats by polyoma virus, dimethylbenzanthracene, or methylcholanthrene were interacted in vitro with syngeneic effector cells. Glycogen-induced peritoneal exudate cells, predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and proteose peptone-induced peritoneal cells, principally macrophages, were the effector cells employed. Activated, nonimmune macrophages or exudative polymorphonuclear leukocytes produced pronounced morphological changes in syngeneic tumor cells as evidenced by a substantial reduction in tumor cell numbers and appearance of shrunken cells, even though there was no increase in cell debris. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes exerted a generally similar but quantitatively much diminished effect. These effector cells constantly produced a decrease in the incorporation by tumor cells of DNA precursors such as [(3)H]thymidine and of RNA precursors such as [(3)H]uridine. In this regard, the effector cells were quite refractory to high doses of X-irradiation. Interaction of target cells with activated, nonimmune macrophages yielded low but consistent signs of cytotoxicity, whereas polymorphonuclear leukocytes gave no such effects. Elimination of functional macrophages by silica, an agent specifically toxic for macrophages, resulted in unrestricted tumor cell proliferation despite continued generation of cytotoxicity. Accordingly, cytostatic mechanisms appear to play a predominant role in the elimination of tumor cells by nonimmune phagocytes. Evidence from a variety of experimental approaches suggest that the cytostatic effect is dependent on cell-to-cell contact.
Interferon alfa-2b for decompensated liver disease caused by either chronic hepatitis B or C: preliminary results of a pilot study.
Authors: M Dimopoulou, K Fafoutis, K Basiliou, J Ketikoglou, G Karvountzis
Journal: Gut (1993)

This pilot study was designed to assess the tolerance and effectiveness of interferon alfa-2b in patients with decompensated liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis B (n = 7) or C (n = 5). Preliminary results suggest that patients may benefit from small doses of interferon (improvement in liver function tests and reduction in alanine aminotransferase), although the decreased tolerance and dose dependent increase in side effects in these patients with liver disease underlines the need for close follow up and the dose adjustment of interferon treatment.
Docetaxel-induced prostate cancer cell death involves concomitant activation of caspase and lysosomal pathways and is attenuated by LEDGF/p75
Authors: Melanie Mediavilla-Varela, Fabio J Pacheco, Frankis Almaguel, Jossymar Perez, Eva Sahakian, Tracy R Daniels, Lai Sum Leoh, Amelia Padilla, Nathan R Wall, Michael B Lilly, Marino De Leon, Carlos A Casiano
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2009)

Abstract Background Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and high mortality, particularly among African American men when compared to other racial/ethnic groups. It is generally accepted that docetaxel, the standard of care for chemotherapy of HRPC, primarily exerts tumor cell death by inducing mitotic catastrophe and caspase-dependent apoptosis following inhibition of microtubule depolymerization. However, there is a gap in our knowledge of mechanistic events underlying docetaxel-induced caspase-independent cell death, and the genes that antagonize this process. This knowledge is important for circumventing HRPC chemoresistance and reducing disparities in prostate cancer mortality. Results We investigated mechanistic events associated with docetaxel-induced death in HRPC cell lines using various approaches that distinguish caspase-dependent from caspase-independent cell death. Docetaxel induced both mitotic catastrophe and caspase-dependent apoptosis at various concentrations. However, caspase activity was not essential for docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity since cell death associated with lysosomal membrane permeabilization still occurred in the presence of caspase inhibitors. Partial inhibition of docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity was observed after inhibition of cathepsin B, but not inhibition of cathepsins D and L, suggesting that docetaxel induces caspase-independent, lysosomal cell death. Simultaneous inhibition of caspases and cathepsin B dramatically reduced docetaxel-induced cell death. Ectopic expression of lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), a stress survival autoantigen and transcription co-activator, attenuated docetaxel-induced lysosomal destabilization and cell death. Interestingly, LEDGF/p75 overexpression did not protect cells against DTX-induced mitotic catastrophe, and against apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), suggesting selectivity in its pro-survival activity. Conclusion These results underscore the ability of docetaxel to induce concomitantly caspase-dependent and independent death pathways in prostate cancer cells. The results also point to LEDGF/p75 as a potential contributor to cellular resistance to docetaxel-induced lysosomal destabilization and cell death, and an attractive candidate for molecular targeting in HRPC.
The use of nano-quercetin to arrest mitochondrial damage and MMP-9 upregulation during prevention of gastric inflammation induced by ethanol in rat
Authors: Somsuta Chakraborty, Sami Stalin, Nirmalendu Das, Somsubhra Thakur Choudhury, Swarupa Ghosh, Snehasikta Swarnakar
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Batting head injury in professional cricket: a systematic video analysis of helmet safety characteristics
Authors: Craig Ranson, Nicholas Peirce, Mark Young
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Batters in cricket are continuing to sustain head and facial injuries despite wearing protective helmets. Objective To gain an understanding of the types and mechanisms of head injuries sustained by batters wearing a helmet. Methods Injury type, location and mechanism were categorised via analysis of 35 videos of National or International cricketers sustaining a head injury while batting. Results 53% of the injuries occurred following ball impact to either the helmet faceguard and peak, or the faceguard alone. Ten injuries (29%) resulted from the ball penetrating the gap between the helmet peak and faceguard. 29% of the injuries involved the ball contacting the face following penetration of the gap between the helmet peak and faceguard. Fractures, lacerations and contusions were the most common injuries associated with face or faceguard impacts while concussion was more commonly associated with impacts to the side or rear of the helmet shell. Many of the injuries described resulted in prolonged or permanent absence from cricket. Conclusions Significant head and facial injuries occur in cricket batters despite wearing of helmets. Cricket helmet design and associated National and International Safety Standards should be improved to provide increased protection against head injury related to ball impact to the faceguard and shell of the helmet.
Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic
Authors: Simon Cauchemez, Neil M Ferguson, Claude Wachtel, Anders Tegnell, Guillaume Saour, Ben Duncan, Angus Nicoll
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2009)

In response to WHO raising the influenza pandemic alert level from phase five to phase six, health officials around the world are carefully reviewing pandemic mitigation protocols. School closure (also called class dismissal in North America) is a non-pharmaceutical intervention that is commonly suggested for mitigating influenza pandemics. Health officials taking the decision to close schools must weigh the potential health benefits of reducing transmission and thus case numbers against high economic and social costs, difficult ethical issues, and the possible disruption of key services such as health care. Also, if schools are expected to close as a deliberate policy option, or just because of high levels of staff absenteeism, it is important to plan to mitigate the negative features of closure. In this context, there is still debate about if, when, and how school closure policy should be used. In this Review, we take a multidisciplinary and holistic perspective and review the multiple aspects of school closure as a public health policy. Implications for the mitigation of the swine-origin influenza A H1N1 pandemic are also discussed.
Androgen Receptor Mutations in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9663
Authors: Mary-Ellen Taplin, Barur Rajeshkumar, Susan Halabi, Cary P. Werner, Bruce A. Woda, Joel Picus, Walter Stadler, Daniel F. Hayes, Philip W. Kantoff, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Eric J. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

The mechanisms responsible for prostate cancer androgen independence are diverse. Mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene that broaden ligand specificity have been implicated. Bone marrow specimens containing prostate tumor were obtained from men undergoing antiandrogen withdrawal for AR sequence analysis and clinical correlation.Eligible men enrolled on a trial of antiandrogen withdrawal had a minimum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 5 ng/dL that was increasing on castration therapy including an antiandrogen. With informed consent, marrow biopsies were obtained to collect prostate tumor. Additional samples were obtained from men enrolled on chemotherapy trials. AR cDNA or DNA was polymerase chain reaction-amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The AR CAG repeat length was recorded.One hundred eighty-four bone marrow biopsies were obtained, and 48 had prostate tumor detected by light microscopy. The ARs from these 48 samples were sequenced. Overall, five (10%) of 48 tumors had mutated ARs. AR point mutations were detected in the hormone-binding domain involved in transcription factor binding. Three mutations were novel in prostate cancer. One tumor sample had a CAG repeat length of 21, compared with germline length of 22 repeats. There was no association between detectability of AR mutations and antiandrogen withdrawal response or survival.These data suggest that AR mutations are present in approximately 10% of patients with prostate cancer who experience treatment failure with hormone therapy that included an antiandrogen. Mutations in the AR likely confer a growth advantage for a subset of progressive prostate cancers. Correlation of AR mutation with antiandrogen withdrawal response or survival could not be made.
Behavioral and Intellectual Markers for Schizophrenia in Apparently Healthy Male Adolescents
Authors: Michael Davidson, Abraham Reichenberg, Jonathan Rabinowitz, Mark Weiser, Zeev Kaplan, Mordehai Mark
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Subtle behavioral and intellectual abnormalities are often present in apparently healthy adolescents who later develop schizophrenia. The authors investigated whether these abnormalities can predict vulnerability for schizophrenia before the first psychotic manifestation.The study consisted of linking the Israeli Draft Board Registry with the National Psychiatric Hospitalization Case Registry. The draft board tests measure intelligence, social functioning, organizational ability, interest in physical activity, and individual autonomy. Patients (N = 509) were compared to nonpatients, i.e., adolescents not appearing in the National Psychiatric Registry (N = 9,215), matched to patients by age, gender, and school attended at time of testing.Healthy male adolescents who were later hospitalized for schizophrenia had significantly lower test scores on all measures than adolescents not reported to the National Psychiatric Registry. The strongest predictors for schizophrenia were deficits in social functioning, organizational ability, and intellectual functioning. When patients were compared to matched nonpatients, the prediction model had a 75% sensitivity, a 100% specificity, a positive predictive value of 72%, and an overall rate of correct classification of 87.5%. Applied to the Israeli Draft Board Registry, the model yielded a sensitivity of 74.7%, a validated specificity of 99.7%, and a positive predictive value of 42.7%.This study demonstrated that simple assessment tools can predict predisposition to schizophrenia in healthy male adolescents. The model's predictive ability does not change as a function of the time elapsed between testing and first hospitalization. This suggests that the model identifies apparently healthy individuals who will manifest the disease later who are not prodromal to psychosis. Easily applied tools allowing early identification of schizophrenia or vulnerability to it may enable early intervention.
Mobile Text Messaging for Health: A Systematic Review of Reviews
Authors: Amanda K. Hall, Heather Cole-Lewis, Jay M. Bernhardt
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

The aim of this systematic review of reviews is to identify mobile text-messaging interventions designed for health improvement and behavior change and to derive recommendations for practice. We have compiled and reviewed existing systematic research reviews and meta-analyses to organize and summarize the text-messaging intervention evidence base, identify best-practice recommendations based on findings from multiple reviews, and explore implications for future research. Our review found that the majority of published text-messaging interventions were effective when addressing diabetes self-management, weight loss, physical activity, smoking cessation, and medication adherence for antiretroviral therapy. However, we found limited evidence across the population of studies and reviews to inform recommended intervention characteristics. Although strong evidence supports the value of integrating text-messaging interventions into public health practice, additional research is needed to establish longer-term intervention effects, identify recommended intervention characteristics, and explore issues of cost-effectiveness.
Heeding Our Words: Complexities of Research Among Low-Literacy Populations
Authors: Melissa A. Simon, XinQi Dong, Narissa Nonzee, Charles L. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Melissa A. Simon, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL XinQi Dong, Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL Narissa Nonzee and Charles L. Bennett, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; and Center for Management of Complex Chronic Care, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
Cancer cell kill, in vivo biodistribution and antitumor properties of AS1411, a G-rich oligonucleotide aptamer
Authors: Christopher Ireson, Colin Green, Julie Cook, Hakim Djeha, Christy Ritchie, David Jones, Lloyd R. Kelland
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

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AS1411 (formerly AGRO100) is a 26 mer unmodified guanosine rich oligonucleotide (GRO) that has been shown to bind as an aptamer to cell surface nucleolin and induce S-phase cell cycle arrest. AS1411 is the first nucleic acid aptamer to be used systemically for the treatment of cancer. In an initial Phase I trial involving 17 patients at the Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, promising signs of anticancer efficacy have been reported, especially in renal cancer patients, at doses causing no significant adverse effects (up to 10mg/kg/day given over 7 days). The aim of these studies was to further define the preclinical pharmacological properties of AS1411 in order to guide clinical dosing and scheduling and identify possible sensitive tumor types. AS1411 induced kill of a broad range of human cancer cell lines, derived from both hematological and solid cancers, typically requiring a 4-day exposure to concentrations of around 5μM. Biodistribution studies used intravenously administered tritiated AS1411 (1, 10 and 25 mg/kg) and mice bearing subcutaneous lung (A549) or renal (A498) cancer human xenografts. Results showed that AS1411 was taken up preferentially in xenografted tumors of renal and, to a lesser extent, lung; tumor to blood ratios were typically 3-5 and were maintained up to 4 days post dosing. Across the 1 to 25mg/kg dose-range studied approximately linear pharmacokinetics were obtained between dose administered and both plasma and tumor drug levels. Significant levels of AS1411 were also detected in the colon and small intestine although to date, in rodents, dogs and patients, no gastrointestinal related toxicities have been observed. Efficacy determinations (using AS1411 given iv daily for 5 days at doses of 5, 10, 40 mg/kg) are ongoing in mice bearing A549 and A498 xenografts. The Phase I study has now re-opened to allow further dose escalation in patients with renal cancer and NSCLC.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Aortic Intramural Hematoma
Authors: Arturo Evangelista, Rosa Dominguez, Carmen Sebastia, Armando Salas, Gaieta Permanyer-Miralda, Gustavo Avegliano, Cristina Elorz, Teresa Gonzalez-Alujas, Herminio Garcia Del Castillo, Jordi Soler-Soler
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) evolves very dynamically in the short-term to regression, dissection, or aortic rupture. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term clinical and morphological evolution of medically treated IMH. Methods and Results— Fifty of 68 consecutive patients with aortic IMH monitored clinically and by imaging techniques at 3, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter were prospectively studied. Mean follow-up was 45±31 months. In the first 6 months, total IMH regression was observed in 14 and progression to aortic dissection in 18 patients; in 14 of these, the dissection was localized, and 12 later developed pseudoaneurysm. At the end of follow-up, the IMH had regressed completely without dilatation in 17 patients (34%), progressed to classical dissection in 6 (12%), evolved to fusiform aneurysm in 11 (22%), evolved to saccular aneurysm in 4 (8%), and evolved to pseudoaneurysm in 12 (24%). Evolution to dissection was related to echolucency ( P &lt;0.02) and to longitudinal extension of IMH ( P &lt;0.01). Multivariate analysis showed an independent association between regression and smaller maximum aortic diameter and between aneurysm formation and atherosclerotic ulcerated plaque and absence of echolucent areas in IMH. Conclusions— The most frequent long-term evolution of IMH is to aortic aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm. Complete regression without changes in aorta size is observed in one third of cases, and progression to classical dissection is less common. A normal aortic diameter in the acute phase is the best predictor of IMH regression without complications, and absence of echolucent areas and atherosclerotic ulcerated plaque are associated with evolution to aortic aneurysm.
Mechanism of malabsorption in giardiasis: a study of bacterial flora and bile salt deconjugation in upper jejunum.
Authors: B N Tandon, R K Tandon, B K Satpathy, None Shriniwas
Journal: Gut (1977)

Sixty-three unselected cases of giardiasis, with no evidence of other systemic disease, were screened for evidence of steatorrhoea. No patient had any evidence of protein-energy malnutrition. Seventeen (27%) of the cases had steatorrhoea; three (17-8%) of the 17 patients having steatorrhoea also had D-xylose malabsorption. Vitamin B12 absorption was normal in all. Bacterial culture and qualitative analysis of bile salt in jejunal fluid was carried out in all the 17 cases having steatorrhoea as well as 13 cases with normal absorptive parameters (eight cases of irritable bowel syndrome and five cases of giardia infection) who served as controls. All the patients showing bacterial overgrowth had free bile acids in their duodenal aspirate. Free bile acids could also be detected in jejunal aspirates of five of the seven patients having no bacterial overgrowth. Two control cases of giardia infection with normal small bowel function and sterile duodenal aspirate showed evidence of bile salt deconjugation. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of steatorrhoea in patients with giardiasis. The possible role of giardia in bile salt deconjugation is suggested.