tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
One million threatened by suspension of Sudan's relief lifeline
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Aid for millions of civilians in southern Sudan is in jeopardy after the United Nations suspended flights operated by Operation Lifeline Sudan in the wake of bombing raids against relief facilities.

The aid lifeline, established for 11 years and one of the largest relief operations, assists people on both sides of the 17 year civil war in Sudan. In the current year it aims to deliver 100000 tonnes of food to 2.4 million people.

Aid workers fear widespread famine could occur. Now is the time of the greatest food deficit—the “hungry” season between planting and the harvest in October. A senior UN official, Kevin …
Chronic, Recurrent Small-Vessel Cutaneous Vasculitis-Reply
Authors: Thomas R. Cupps
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  We agree with Dr Callen that a larger sample size would be helpful, as is the case with most clinical studies. However, we disagree that a uniform histological picture is required before one can make conclusions regarding a cutaneous vasculitic syndrome. We have emphasized previously that any vasculitic syndrome requires a clinico pathologic definition, with no single criterion completely characterizing any vasculitic syndrome. 1,2 In fact, the spectrum of histological appearance from the acute findings of leukocytoclastic venulitis to the subacute and chronic findings of lymphocytic and mixed cellular infiltrates bespeaks the continuum of disease activity in these patients and is consistent with the acute and recurrent exacerbations superimposed on subacute and chronic lesions that are manifest in these patients. Moreover, in animal models of serum-sickness—induced vasculitis, the pattern of the inflammatory infiltrate may vary from an acute to chronic pattern depending on the timing of the biopsy
C3-06: ERCC1 expression as a predictive marker in stage IIIA, N2 positive non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery
Authors: In Gyu Hwang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byeong-Bae Park, Sarah Park, Sang Cheol Lee, Young Chan Ahn, Kwhanmien Kim, Jhingook Kim, Jung Ho Han, Keunchil Park, Young Soo Choi, Young Mog Shim, Jin Seok Ahn
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Don't forget children with imported malaria in non-endemic countries
Authors: S. Ladhani, D. Shingadia, A. Riordan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We were disappointed by the paucity of information about children in Whitty and colleagues’ review of imported malaria1 since 15-20% of imported malaria occurs in children.2 In the only paragraph on severe or complicated malaria in children the authors quote a paper on endemic childhood malaria in Kenya.

Children with imported malaria …
Total Parenteral Nutrition and Human Insulin
Authors: Edward R. Ahrens, Thomas S. Kaluzynski, Ved V. Gossain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Total Parenteral Nutrition and Human InsulinEDWARD R. AHRENS, M.D., THOMAS S. KALUZYNSKI, M.D., VED V. GOSSAIN, M.D.EDWARD R. AHRENS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS S. KALUZYNSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, VED V. GOSSAIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-567_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although human insulin of recombinant DNA and semisynthetic origin has been available for general use for at least a year, the exact indications for its use have not been clearly defined. The clinical potential of human insulin has been outlined by Dr. Skyler (1). A recent review inThe Medical Letter(2) has agreed with Dr. Skyler's recommendations that because of human insulin's favorable immunogenicity (less antigenic, less immunogenic), its use may be indicated in patients with immunologic complications of insulin therapy (immunologic insulin resistance, insulin allergy, and lipoatrophy). Additionally, human insulin may be preferable in patients...References1. SKYLER J. Human insulin of recombinant DNA origin: clinical potential. Diabetes Care. 1982;5(suppl 2): 181-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Human insulin. Med Lett. 1983;25:63-4. Google Scholar3. GALLOWAYBRESSLER JR. Insulin treatment in diabetes. Med Clin North Am. 1978;62:663-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTotal parenteral nutrition for patients with advanced life-limiting cancer: decision-making in the face of conflicting evidencePalladium and OxygenA Key to the Literature of Total Parenteral Nutrition: Update 1987Human insulin 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 567-567KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAntigensDNAInsulinInsulin resistanceTotal parenteral nutrition Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Nutritional Requirements in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Roy M Pitkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Additional intakes of virtually all nutrients are needed for the support of pregnancy. Energy requirements average 300 kcal/day above nonpregnant needs, which should provide for a weight gain of 400 g/wk during the last two trimesters. Total protein intake of 1.3 g/kg/day is recommended for the adult gravida. Gestational needs for iron and perhaps for folacin cannot be met by the usual diet and supplementation is advised. Other nutrients, although needed in increased amounts, can be provided by a well-balanced diet.
Abstract 2327: Defining the determinants of sensitivity and resistance to BET bromodomain inhibition
Authors: Nicole Follmer, Jennifer Mertz, Andrew Conery, Barbara Bryant, Charlie Hatton, Richard Centore, Hon-Ren Huang, Kerry Spillane, Robert Sims
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains by small molecule inhibitors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Accordingly, we have recently initiated clinical trials to assess this mechanism in patients. Recent evidence demonstrates that BET bromodomain inhibition leads to anti-proliferative activity in pre-clinical models of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. This anti-proliferative activity involves down-regulation of the transcription factor MYC, among other cancer-relevant pathways. However, heterogeneity exists in the response to BET bromodomain inhibition at both the molecular and phenotypic level. Given this complexity, the molecular determinants of sensitivity and resistance to BET bromodomain inhibition remains poorly understood. Current efforts are aimed at addressing this key issue by integrating the following: (1) phenotypic endpoints observed upon BET bromodomain inhibition with transcriptional changes, including down-regulation of MYC and other transcription factors important for regulating proliferation and cell death, such as MYB and BCL-2,(2) transcriptional response with BET protein chromatin binding and eviction, and (3) phenotypic endpoints and transcriptional response with genomic context. Our data potentially stratify indications within hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, and provide insight into patient selection strategies. Citation Format: Nicole Follmer, Jennifer Mertz, Andrew Conery, Barbara Bryant, Charlie Hatton, Richard Centore, Hon-Ren Huang, Kerry Spillane, Robert Sims. Defining the determinants of sensitivity and resistance to BET bromodomain inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2327. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2327
OC-044 Predictors Of Advanced Neoplasia At Surveillance In Screening Population- A Study Of All High And Intermediate Risk Gorup Subjects In First Six Year Of Nhs Bcsp: Abstract OC-044 Table 1
Authors: D Majumdar, AP Hungin, DW Wilson, C Nickerson, MD Rutter
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In NHS BCSP, high and intermediate risk subjects with colorectal adenomas undergo surveillance colonoscopies. This guideline evidence was derived mostly from general population based studies. This study aims to evaluate the individual and adenoma specific characteristics detected at the index colonoscopy which can predict occurrence of advanced neoplasia during surveillance in a well-defined FOB screening population. <h3>Methods</h3> The national BSCP database was interrogated to identify all subjects who participated during the period of June 2006 to July 2012 and completed their first surveillance. The subjects where all the adenomas were retrieved during screening colonoscopy were included. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors which determine occurrence of CRC and advanced adenoma (AA= adenoma with size ≥10 mm/ &gt;25% villous histology/ high grade dysplasia) at surveillance. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 17694 high and intermediate risk subjects participated, and 7015 of them completed their first surveillance and were included for analysis. The adenoma specific factors evaluated were high grade dysplasia, villous histology ≥25%, and size ≥10 mm, number of adenomas and any proximal location of adenoma at screening. The individual characteristic evaluated was gender. The outcomes measured at surveillance were detection of CRC, AA, non-advanced adenoma (NAA) and normal finding. Any location proximal to splenic flexure was considered as proximal location for this study. There were 43 (0.6%) subjects with CRC, 786 (11.2%) with AA, 5566 (79.3%) with NAA and 620 (8.8%) subjects with normal findings during first surveillance. The result of the multivariate analysis was summarised in the table below. Table 1 showing significant result of multivariate analysis: <h3>Conclusion</h3> In contrast with current guidelines, the size of adenomas failed to achieve statistical significance. The number of adenomas, male gender and any proximal location at screening were the important predictors of advanced adenoma during surveillance (table). Future adjustments in the risk stratification strategy for screening population could incorporate these predictors to identify high and low risk cohorts more accurately at screening. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups (update from 2002),<i> Gut</i> 2010;59:666–690 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
359. Production of Megakaryocytes and Platelets from Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) ES Cells by Constitutive Expression of tal1/scl Gene
Authors: Tomoko Yokoo, Ryo Kurita, Erika Sasaki, Kashiya Takasugi, Hideyuki Imoto, Yoshikuni Tanioka, Yasushi Soda, Kenzaburo Tani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Since the successful establishment of human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines in 1998, transplantation of the differentiated ES cells to specific organ has been expected to cure its defective function. For the realistic medicine, the preclinical studies using animal model systems including non-human primates are essential. We have already demonstrated that 1) non-human primates of common marmosets (CM) are suitable for the laboratory animal models for preclinical studies of hematopoietic stem cell therapy and 2) tal1/scl gene transduction using a lentiviral vector is a very useful tool for the efficient hematopoietic cell differentiation from CM ES cells. In this study, we especially focused on the differentiation of CM ES cells to megakaryocytes and platelets in order to investigate the feasibility of future new transfusion therapy. Firstly, we established CM ES cell line, which expressed tal1/scl gene constitutively (CM ES-tal1/scl). This ES cell line exhibited undifferentiated morphology and expressed stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3 and SSEA- 4, while SSEA-1 was not detected. The induction of hematopoietic cells from CM ES-tal1/scl was more efficient than that of original ES cell line. Next, by using this cell line, we planned to produce megakaryocytes and platelets efficiently. During semi-long culture (- 1 month) in the presence of Tpo, we obtained some proplatelet- like CD 41 positive structures in the adherent cells. Furthermore, 2|[ndash]| 4% of CD41 positive platelet-like fraction was observed in the culture supernatant by flow cytometry, although the induction efficiency was still low. To establish more efficient culture conditions, gene transduction of gata1, runx1, and NF-E2 genes into CM ES cells has been under investigation.
Reduced adenylyl cyclase activation with no decrease in β-adrenergic receptors in basenji greyhound leukocytes: Relevance to β-adrenergic responses in airway smooth muscle
Authors: Charles W. Emala, Michael A. Levine, Arash Aryana, Joseph B. Margolick, Carol A. Hirshman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
On the lipoprotein abnormality in type III hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Steven Quarfordt, Robert I. Levy, Donald S. Fredrickson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Two lipoprotein species were isolated by starch block electrophoresis from the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (S(f) 20-400) of patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. One of these, alpha(2)-VLDL, had a content of lipid and protein and physical characteristics similar to VLDL from normal subjects or patients with other forms of hyperglyceridemia. The other species, beta-VLDL, contained more cholesterol and less triglyceride in relation to the protein, than normal VLDL. Only the apoprotein of low density lipoprotein was immunochemically detectable in the beta-VLDL; the proteins in the alpha(2)-VLDL reacted with antisera specific for low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. The electrophoretic mobility of beta-VLDL was similar to that of low density lipoprotein and significantly less than that of alpha(2)-VLDL. Isolated beta-VLDL had a lesser mean flotation rate than alpha(2)-VLDL, but both alpha(2)- and beta-VLDL were found throughout the S(f) 20-400 flotation range.The relative quantities of alpha(2)- and beta-VLDL could be varied by changing the diet or by heparin administration. Most of the VLDL from type III patients on a high carbohydrate diet was in the alpha(2)-VLDL form. During fasting, alpha(2)-VLDL fell and beta-VLDL increased becoming the predominant species of VLDL. Heparin-induced acceleration of triglyceride clearance also increased beta-VLDL and decreased alpha(2)-VLDL. These findings suggest a precursor-product relationship between the alpha(2)- and beta-forms of VLDL.
Abstract 5057: HuGAL-F2, a humanized monoclonal antibody to Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, effectively inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts
Authors: Lihong Wang, Park Hangil, Sophea Chhim, Yi Ding, Jin Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract FGF2 (also known as basic FGF; bFGF) is a potent mitogenic and angiogenic growth factor believed to play a role in various tumors, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of the HuGAL-F2 humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) derived from our neutralizing anti-FGF2 mAb, GAL-F2. The GAL-F2 mAb was previously shown to recognize a unique epitope on human FGF2 in a competitive binding assay with various other anti-FGF2 mAbs. By testing several FGF2-FGF1 chimeric proteins followed by alanine scanning mutagenesis of FGF2, we demonstrated that FGF2 residues F40 and M151 are critical for GAL-F2 binding and that residues R31, Y33, K55 and S152 are also part of the epitope. Using well-established humanization techniques, GAL-F2 was humanized to create HuGAL-F2, which binds FGF2 with at least as high affinity as GAL-F2. HuGAL-F2 also had similar activity to GAL-F2 in various bioassays such as inhibition of FGF2-induced proliferation of Mv 1 Lu epithelial cells and HUVEC cells. Hepatomas are characterized by neovascularization, and angiogenesis plays a key role in their growth. Thus, we determined the levels of two angiogenic factors, FGF2 and VEGF, secreted from several HCC cell lines (HEP-G2, HLE, HLF, SK-HEP-1, and SMMC-7721) using ELISA. All these cell lines secreted significant levels of FGF2 and VEGF. To demonstrate that FGF2 indeed plays an important role in HCC tumor growth and to investigate the therapeutic potential of HuGAL-F2, we tested the efficacy of HuGAL-F2 in xenograft tumor models of the HCC lines, SMMC-7721 and HEP-G2. HuGAL-F2, administered i.p. at 5 mg/kg twice per week, significantly inhibited the growth of established xenografts of both these cell lines. Moreover, in the HEP-G2 model, GAL-F2 and HuGAL-F2 were equally effective as sorafenib (Nexavar) and the A4.6.1 anti-VEGF mouse precursor mAb of bevacizumab (Avastin) and had strong additive activity with each of these agents. We conclude that FGF2 is a promising molecular target, and that HuGAL-F2 is a viable clinical candidate for the treatment of HCC and possibly other cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5057. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5057
Effect of cleansing the birth canal with antiseptic solution on maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in malawi: clinical trial
Authors: T. E Taha, R. J Biggar, R. L Broadhead, L. A R Mtimavalye, P. G Miotti, A. B Justesen, G. N Liomba, J. D Chiphangwi
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine if cleansing the birth canal with an antiseptic at delivery reduces infections in mothers and babies postnatally. <b>Design:</b> Clinical trial; two months of no intervention were followed by three months of intervention and a final month of no intervention. <b>Setting:</b> Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (tertiary care urban hospital), Blantyre, Malawi. <b>Subjects:</b> A total of 6965 women giving birth in a six month period and their 7160 babies. <b>Intervention:</b> Manual wipe of the maternal birth canal with a 0.25% chlorhexidine solution at every vaginal examination before delivery. Babies born during the intervention were also wiped with chlorhexidine. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Effects of the intervention on neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. <b>Results:</b> 3635 women giving birth to 3743 babies were enrolled in the intervention phase and 3330 women giving birth to 3417 babies were enrolled in the non-intervention phase. There were no adverse reactions related to the intervention among the mothers or their children. Among infants born in the intervention phase, overall neonatal admissions were reduced (634/3743 (16.9%) <i>v</i> 661/3417 (19.3%), P&lt;0.01), as were admissions for neonatal sepsis (7.8 <i>v</i> 17.9 per 1000 live births, P&lt;0.0002), overall neonatal mortality (28.6 <i>v</i> 36.9 per 1000 live births, P&lt;0.06), and mortality due to infectious causes (2.4 <i>v</i> 7.3 per 1000 live births, P&lt;0.005). Among mothers receiving the intervention, admissions related to delivery were reduced (29.4 <i>v</i> 40.2 per 1000 deliveries, P&lt;0.02), as were admissions due to postpartum infections (1.7 <i>v</i> 5.1 per 1000 deliveries, P=0.02) and duration of hospitalisation (Wilcoxon P=0.008). <b>Conclusions:</b> Cleansing the birth canal with chlorhexidine reduced early neonatal and maternal postpartum infectious problems. The safety, simplicity, and low cost of the procedure suggest that it should be considered as standard care to lower infant and maternal morbidity and mortality.
Multidisciplinary Approaches to Biomedical Research—Reply
Authors: Howard J. Federoff, Elaine R. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Medical services for new towns.
Authors: D Miles
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Relation of lecithin :sphingomyelin ratio (LSR) to presence of vernix in amntiotic fluxid LSR I Total ;2 !2 1-3 >3 No vernix seen 17 12 4 33 Cloudy, with doubtful 0 4 8 12 presence of vernix Vernix definitely present 0 5 29 34 Total 17 21 41 79Z2= 3487; DF 4; P <0(001; contingency coefficient 0-55.LSR is sometimes found in clear amniotic fluid, no immature LSR (> 2) was seen whenever vernix was present.Our findings suggest that amnioscopy might be used to assess fetal maturity before induction of labour.Induction can proceed if vernix is seen in the amniotic fluid and amniocentesis for the measurement of amniotic fluid LSR need be performed only when no vernix is seen.
The effect of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) on nasal airway resistance in healthy subjects is not mediated by nitric oxide
Authors: M. Maniscalco, M. Sofia, S. Faraone, L. Carratù
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background : The nose is an important source of nitric oxide (NO) in man, but the relevance of NO production to the response to inflammatory mediators is not clear. Methods : In this study, we evaluated the effect of NO inhibition on nasal airway resistance (NAR) at baseline, after an acute challenge with platelet‐activating factor (PAF), a potent proinflammatory factor, and after an acute challenge with bradykinin (BK), both of which are mediators of allergic rhinitis in man. Eight healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Nasal NO production was measured by the chemiluminescence method, and NAR was measured by active anterior rhinomanometry. Results : Basal nasal NO concentration was 500.6±115.6 ppb; it significantly decreased after topical administration of the NO‐synthase inhibitor L‐NAME, and the NO‐synthase substrate l ‐arginine caused a recovery in NO production. The administration of L‐NAME did not cause any change in basal NAR. In a double‐blind fashion, we performed nasal challenge with PAF and BK after topical pretreatment with either placebo or L‐NAME. After placebo pretreatment, both PAF and BK caused a significant increase in NAR (respectively, from 0.29±0.11 Pa s cm −3 to 0.75±0.21 Pa s cm −3 , and from 0.36±0.18 Pa s cm −3 to 0.71±0.25 Pa s cm −3 ; P &lt;0.001, n =8). Pretreatment with L‐NAME did not prevent the PAF‐induced increase in NAR (from 0.31±0.10 Pa s cm −3 to 0.71±0.27 Pa s cm −3 ), whereas it prevented the BK‐induced increase in NAR (from 0.33±0.15 Pa s cm −3 to 0.43±0.16 Pa s cm −3 ). Conclusions : Topical administration of the NO‐synthase inhibitor L‐NAME at doses sufficient to decrease NO nasal production does not prevent the PAF‐induced increase in NAR, indicating that NO generation in vivo is not involved in the nasal response to PAF.