tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leisure-Time Physical Activity but Not Work-Related Physical Activity Is Associated With Decreased Plasma Viscosity
Authors: Wolfgang Koenig, Malte Sund, Angela Do¨ring, Edzard Ernst
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Regular leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). This has been mainly explained by its impact on traditional CHD risk factors, but more recently it was also shown to lower fibrinogen, which largely determines plasma viscosity. No data on the effect of work activity (WA) on plasma viscosity have been published.We studied the relationship between self-reported LTPA or WA and plasma viscosity as well as other CHD risk factors in 3522 men and women age 25 to 64 years. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire. LTPA was inversely associated with plasma viscosity in both sexes. The unadjusted mean differences in plasma viscosity in men between no activity and the highest activity were 0.024 mPa.s (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.016 to 0.032 mPa.s, P < .001) during winter and 0.024 mPa.s (95% CI, 0.016 to 0.031 mPa.s, P < .001) during summer. After adjustment for age, cholesterol, smoking, blood pressure, body mass index, and years of education, mean differences decreased but still remained substantial and statistically significant (0.010 mPa.s; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.018 mPa.s [P = .009] for winter activity; and 0.010 mPa.s; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.017 mPa.s [P = .011] for summer activity). Similar results were found in women. WA showed no appreciable association with plasma viscosity after controlling for the covariates.LTPA is inversely associated with plasma viscosity, independent of other risk factors, whereas WA shows no material effect in men and women. Decreased plasma viscosity may represent one mechanism through which LTPA confers a decrease of CHD risk.
Multiple Versus Single Antipsychotic Agents for Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients: Case-Control Study of Risks Versus Benefits
Authors: Franca Centorrino, Jessica L. Goren, John Hennen, Paola Salvatore, James P. Kelleher, Ross J. Baldessarini
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Since use of multiple drugs to treat psychiatric patients is increasing, and research on this practice is rare, the authors carried out a retrospective case-control study of multiple versus single antipsychotic treatment in psychiatric inpatients. METHOD: Inpatient treatment groups receiving either antipsychotic monotherapy or polytherapy were matched in terms of age, sex, diagnostic category, and admission clinical ratings (Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF] and Clinical Global Impression [CGI]), which yielded 70 subject pairs. They were compared in terms of total chlorpromazine-equivalent daily dose, changes in total daily dose, length of hospitalization, incidence of adverse effects, and changes in clinical ratings (CGI, GAF, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score) between admission and discharge. RESULTS: Initial doses were closely similar at admission for both treatment groups, but the median total final antipsychotic dose was 78% higher for those receiving antipsychotic polytherapy versus monotherapy. Also, median length of stay in the hospital was 55% (8.5 days) longer, and risk of adverse effects was 56% higher with polytherapy, whereas clinical improvement scores were similar (within 11%) for both treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term treatment with multiple antipsychotics was associated with major increases in drug exposure, adverse events, and time in the hospital but with no apparent gain in clinical benefit. These findings require further testing in controlled prospective studies.
Exercise interventions for weight management during pregnancy and up to 1 year postpartum among normal weight, overweight and obese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: K J Elliott-Sale, C T Barnett, C Sale
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

The prevalence of excessive gestation weight gain, extended postpartum weight retention and pregravid obese women is increasing and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes.To review the evidence from studies employing exercise-only interventions for weight management among pregnant and postpartum women.Ten databases were searched for randomised controlled trials conducted during pregnancy or within the 12 months following childbirth and published between 1990 and 2013.There were no restrictions to the type, frequency, duration or intensity of exercise intervention. Interventions not specifically designed to target weight were excluded. The outcomes were a change in body weight (kg) or body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)).All data were continuous and were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD), with 95% CIs. Data were analysed with a fixed-effect model and heterogeneity was determined using the I(2) statistic.Five studies were included in this review. Exercise significantly reduced gestational weight gain (WMD=-2.22 kg, CI -3.14 to -1.3, p≤0.00001) and had no significant effect on postpartum weight loss (WMD=-1.74 kg, CI -3.59 to 0.10, p=0.06) or BMI during pregnancy (WMD=-2.8 kg/m(2), CI -5.60 to 0.00, p=0.05) or postpartum (WMD=-0.54 kg/m(2), CI -1.17 to 0.08, p=0.09).There is currently limited evidence to suggest that exercise can be used to limit maternal gestational weight gain.
Grounding consciousness: The mesodiencephalon as thalamocortical base
Authors: Bjorn Merker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

My response addresses general commentary themes such as my neglect of the forebrain contribution to human consciousness, the bearing of blindsight on consciousness theory, the definition of wakefulness, the significance of emotion and pain perception for consciousness theory, and concerns regarding remnant cortex in children with hydranencephaly. Further specific topics, such as phenomenal and phylogenetic aspects of mesodiencephalic-thalamocortical relations, are also discussed.
Smoking ban in public places also cuts smoking at home
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A total ban on smoking in enclosed public places would lead to less smoking in the home and reduce the deadly effects of passive smoking, argued a comprehensive study of passive smoking published last week by the Royal College of Physicians. The study said that the estimated 12 200 deaths each year in the United Kingdom from passive smoking were entirely preventable. It recommended that preventing passive smoking at home was a “public health priority” and that helping smokers to stop by having a ban in enclosed public places would lead …
Regression of established pulmonary metastases and subcutaneous tumor mediated by the systemic administration of high-dose recombinant interleukin 2.
Authors: S A Rosenberg, J J Mulé, P J Spiess, C M Reichert, S L Schwarz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Incubation of resting lymphoid cells with recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) in vitro leads to the generation of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells capable of lysing fresh tumor cell suspensions in short-term chromium-release assays. Our previous studies (7) have demonstrated that the injection of LAK cells plus low doses of recombinant IL-2 were capable of inhibiting the growth of pulmonary metastases. We have now explored the ability of high doses of recombinant IL-2, administered systemically, to generate LAK cells in vivo, and to mediate antitumor effects directly. Administration of increasing doses of recombinant IL-2 intraperitoneally resulted in the generation of LAK cells in the spleens of recipient mice. Doses of 100,000 U recombinant IL-2 administered intraperitoneally approximately every 8 h for 5 d were capable of dramatically inhibiting established 3-d pulmonary metastases from the MCA-105 and MCA-106 syngeneic sarcomas and the syngeneic B16 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice. Grossly visible metastases present at 10 d after tumor injection also underwent regression following IL-2 therapy. Surprisingly, established 10 d pulmonary metastases were more susceptible to the effects of IL-2 than were the smaller 3 d pulmonary metastases. All antitumor effects of the systemic administration of recombinant IL-2 were eliminated if mice received prior treatment with 500 rad total body irradiation. The administration of high doses of recombinant IL-2 was also capable of inhibiting the growth of 3-d established subcutaneous tumors from the MCA-105 sarcoma, and of mediating the inhibition of growth and regression of established palpable subcutaneous MCA-105 sarcomas. Lymphocytes, which appeared morphologically to be activated, were present at the site of regressing tumor, and it appears that the mechanism of the antitumor effect of recombinant IL-2 administered systemically is via the generation of LAK cells in vivo, although this hypothesis remains to be proven. The ready availability of high doses of recombinant human IL-2, and the demonstration of antitumor effects seen in animal models have led us to the initiation of the clinical trials of recombinant IL-2 in humans.
THE ELIMINATION OF IRON AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE LIVER AND SPLEEN IN EXPERIMENTAL ANEMIA. II
Authors: Harry Dubin, Richard M. Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

Blood destruction due to a single injury, as by sodium oleate, or acting through a short period of time, as by toluylenediamine or hemolytic immune serum, is not characterized, in the absence of hemoglobinuria, by an increased elimination of iron in the urine. This holds, not only for the evanescent injury caused by sodium oleate, but also for the severe type caused by hemolytic immune serum, in which a progressive destruction of the blood may persist for 2 weeks or more with constant evidence of the disintegration of erythrocytes as shown by bile pigment in the urine. This finding is in accord with previous investigations of anemia in both man and animals. Likewise, no striking increase is evident, under such circumstances, in the percentage of iron excreted in the feces. The total amount of iron in the feces has been notably increased in two experiments with hemolytic serum, but as the percentage was not appreciably altered, the difference depends presumably on variations in the bulk of feces rather than upon increased elimination. This evidence of the power of the body to conserve the iron rephagocytosis is negligible, is to be fragmented one by one, while still circulating, to a fine, hemoglobin-containing dust. The cell fragments are rapidly removed from the blood, but their ultimate fate remains to be determined. The facts indicate that they are removed from the blood by the spleen, and under exceptional conditions, by the bone marrow.
Off-line sampling of exhaled air for nitric oxide measurement in children: methodological aspects
Authors: Q. Jöbsis, S.L. Schellekens, A. Kroesbergen, W.C.J. Hop, J.C. de Jongste
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Measurement of nitric oxide in exhaled air is a noninvasive method to assess airway inflammation in asthma. This study was undertaken to establish the reference range of exhaled NO in healthy school-aged children and to determine the influence of ambient NO, noseclip and breath-holding on exhaled NO, using an off-line balloon sampling method. All children attending a primary school (age range 8–13 yrs) underwent NO measurements on two occasions with high and low ambient NO. Each time, the children performed four expiratory manoeuvres into NO-impermeable balloons, with and without 10 s of breath-holding and with and without wearing a noseclip. Exhalation flow and pressure were not controlled. NO was measured within 4 h after collection, by means of chemiluminescence. All children completed a questionnaire on respiratory and allergic disorders, and performed flow/volume spirometry. With low ambient NO, the mean exhaled NO value of 72 healthy children with negative questionnaires and normal lung function was 5.1±0.2 parts per billion (ppb) versus a mean of 6.8±0.3 ppb in the remaining 49 children with positive questionnaires for asthma and allergy, and/or recent symptoms of cold (p=0.001). Exhaled and ambient NO were significantly related, especially with ambient NO &gt;10 ppb (r=0.86, p=0.0001 versus r=0.34, p=0.004 for ambient values &lt;10 ppb). The use of a noseclip, with low ambient NO and without breath-holding, caused a small decrease in exhaled NO values (p=0.001). The effect of breath-holding on exhaled NO depended on ambient NO. With ambient NO &gt;10 ppb, exhaled NO decreased, whereas with ambient NO &lt;10 ppb, exhaled NO increased after 10 s breath-hold. It is concluded that off-line sampling in balloons is a simple and, hence, attractive method for exhaled nitric oxide measurements in children which differentiates between groups with and without self-reported asthma, allergy and colds, when ambient nitric oxide is &lt;10 parts per billion. Wearing a noseclip and breath-holding affected measured values and should, therefore be standardized or, preferably, avoided.
Fibrillation Threshold of Premature Ventricular Responses
Authors: Jaok Han, Garcia de Jalon, Gordon K. Moe
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The degree of temporal dispersion of recovery of excitability of premature ventricular responses, estimated as the range of local refractory periods at various points on the surface of the right ventricle, is greater within a radius of 10 to 15 mm from the stimulated site than at greater distances. The fibrillation threshold of early premature beats is significantly lower than that of responses initiated in fully excitable tissue. The effect of prematurity on the fibrillation threshold is greater at points near the site of origin of the premature response. The observed spatial and temporal relationships suggest that the fibrillation threshold is related inversely to the degree of asymmetry in the excitable field.
Retinol binding protein 4 concentrations are influenced by renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takayuki Masaki, Futoshi Anan, Tetsuo Tsubone, Koro Gotoh, Seiichi Chiba, Isao Katsuragi, Tomoko Nawata, Tetsuya Kakuma, Hironobu Yoshimatsu
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Temporal changes in sebum excretion and propionibacterial colonization in preadolescent children with and without acne
Authors: K. Mourelatos, E.A. Eady, W.J. Cunliffe, S.M. Clark, J.H. Cove
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Temporal changes in sebum excretion and propionibacterial colonization in preadolescent children with and without acne Get access K. Mourelatos, K. Mourelatos The Skin Research Centre, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A. Eady, E.A. Eady The Skin Research Centre, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. Cunliffe, W.J. Cunliffe The Skin Research Centre, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.M. Clark, S.M. Clark The Skin Research Centre, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.H. Cove J.H. Cove The Skin Research Centre, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Correspondence: J.H. Cove. E‐mail: mic6jhc@bmb.leeds.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 1, 1 January 2007, Pages 22–31, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07517.x Published: 01 January 2007
Immune Checkpoint Modulation for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jean-Charles Soria, Aurélien Marabelle, Julie R. Brahmer, Scott Gettinger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Therapies targeting immune checkpoints have recently shown encouraging activity in patients with heavily pretreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), independently of NSCLC histology or mutational status, with low toxicity profiles when used as monotherapy. Objective response rates of approximately 20% have been reported in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with antagonist antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint, programmed death 1 (PD-1) on activated T cells, or its primary ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed within the tumor microenvironment. Response rates appear to be higher in patients with tumor PD-L1 expression documented by immunohistochemistry, although responses have been appreciated in patients with reportedly PD-L1-negative tumor specimens. Antibodies directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), another immunosuppressive T-cell signaling molecule, are also being evaluated in clinical trials, with one randomized phase II trial demonstrating improved immune-related progression-free survival in lung cancer patients when added to standard chemotherapy. Additional clinical trials are combining anti-CTLA-4 antibodies with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Combinations of other immune checkpoint antagonists or agonist antibodies with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies are also being pursued.
Isolation of Gene Associated With High Metastatic Potential in Rat Mammary Adenocarcinomas
Authors: S. M. Phillips, A. J. Bendall, I. A. Ramshaw
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

This report describes our isolation of pGM21, a novel gene showing enhanced expression in rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines with high metastatic potential. We constructed a library of 25,000 complementary DNA (cDNA) clones enriched for genes associated with metastasis. To build this library, we hybridized messenger RNA (mRNA) from a poorly metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (DMBA8) with cDNA from the highly metastatic variant line (DMBA8 ascites). One-fifth of the library was screened by differential cDNA hybridization. After three rounds of screening, we had isolated 14 cDNA clones that showed higher mRNA expression in the more metastatic cells. When we used Northern blot screening of these cDNA clones against several related rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines and a line that was independently derived, one of the clones showed levels of expression consistently correlating with high metastatic potential. Southern blot analysis indicated that no gene rearrangement or amplification accounted for this change. Partial sequencing of this isolated clone revealed a 45-nucleotide segment homologous to mRNA from human elongation factor 1 subunit α, which is involved in protein synthesis. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of the gene corresponding to pGM21 may be important in the development of metastasis. (J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 199–203, 1990)
The poor responder in IVF: is the prognosis always poor? A systematic review
Authors: J.F. Oudendijk, F. Yarde, M.J.C. Eijkemans, F.J.M. Broekmans, S.L. Broer
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2011)

In IVF treatment a considerable proportion of women are faced with a low number of oocytes retrieved. These poor responders have reduced pregnancy rates compared with normal responders. However, this may not be applicable to all poor responders. This review aims at identifying patient characteristics and ovarian reserve tests (ORT) that will determine prognosis for pregnancy in poor responders. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and SCOPUS databases in April 2010. Studies regarding patient characteristics or ORT in poor responders and their pregnancy prospects were included. All included papers were summarized in descriptive tables. Nineteen studies were included. Pooled data of six studies comparing poor and normal responders demonstrated clearly lower pregnancy rates in poor responders (14.8 versus 34.5%). Ten studies indicated that older poor responders have a lower range of pregnancy rates compared with younger (1.5–12.7 versus 13.0–35%, respectively). Four studies showed that pregnancy prospects become reduced when fewer oocytes are retrieved (0–7% with 1 oocyte versus 11.5–18.6% with 4 oocytes). Five studies concerning pregnancy rates in subsequent cycles suggested a more favourable outcome in unexpected poor responders, and if ≥2 oocytes were retrieved. Poor responders are not a homogeneous group of women with regards to pregnancy prospects. Female age and number of oocytes retrieved in particular will modulate the chances for pregnancy in current and subsequent cycles. Applying these criteria will allow the identification of couples with a reasonable prognosis and balanced decision-making on the management of poor responders.
Abdominal manifestations in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: O Richer, T Ulinski, I Lemelle, B Ranchin, C Loirat, J C Piette, P Pillet, P Quartier, R Salomon, B Bader-Meunier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Childhood-onset lupus erythematosus is a rare disorder of unknown origin.To describe the frequency of gastrointestinal manifestations at presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus SLE and at follow-up, and discuss the specific causes of these manifestations.Medical records of 201 patients with childhood-onset SLE followed up in French paediatric nephrological, haematological and rheumatological centres were reviewed and abstracted for gastrointestinal manifestations.Gastrointestinal involvement was recorded in 39 (19%) children. The median (range) age at the time of initial gastrointestinal manifestations was 11.3 (4.5-16) years. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present at or occurred within 1 month after diagnosis in 32% patients. Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom, present in 34 (87%) patients. It was mostly related to lupus involvement, especially ascites (n = 14) and pancreatitis (n = 12), more rarely to treatment-induced events (n = 1) or infection (n = 1) and never to events unrelated to SLE. Three children with surgical abdomen underwent a laparotomy before SLE was diagnosed, with a final diagnosis of lupus peritonitis and lupus acalculous cholecystitis. C reactive protein values were <40 mg/l in all but two patients who had surgical abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography scans were abnormal in 58% and 83% of the evaluated patients, respectively. Corticosteroids, associated with intravenous cyclophospamide in eight patients, led to complete remission of gastrointestinal involvement in 30 of 31 treated patients.Gastrointestinal involvement is common in children with SLE, and is mainly due to primary lupus involvement. Corticoidsteroid treatment should be promptly considered in children with lupus presenting with abdominal pain after infectious disease; side effects of treatment and intestinal perforation have been excluded.