tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Samuel J. Mann, Thomas G. Pickering
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Purpose: To review recent advances in detecting renovascular hypertension. Data Sources: Original English-language reports obtained through a MEDLINE search for the years 1987 to 1991. Also, a manual search through Index Medicus as well as bibliographies of original reports and selected review articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Cited studies were critically reviewed with emphasis on study size, patient sample, methods, diagnostic criteria, and reproducibility of results. Where applicable, reviews that combined the results of smaller studies are cited. Results: A sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 89% have been reported for the captopril test and of 93% and 95%, respectively, for captopril scintigraphy with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The sensitivity and specificity of renal vein renin determination are 80% and 62%, respectively and may increase with the use of stricter technical criteria and maneuvers to stimulate renin secretion. These tests differentiate renovascular hypertension from essential hypertension more reliably than from asymmetric renal parenchymal disease; however, they do not reliably distinguish unilateral from bilateral stenosis. Other tests are less widely used. Intravenous pyelography (sensitivity, 74.5%; specificity, 86.2%) has the disadvantages of radiation and dye load exposure. Intravenous angiography is expensive and invasive and does not always enable visualization of the origin of the renal artery. The roles of duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography remain to be clarified. Conclusions: Noninvasive tests are cost effective and have a high predictive value in patients with clinical clues suggestive of renovascular hypertension. These tests are not recommended for use in patients with a low likelihood of disease.
Varying capacities for replication of rat adipocyte precursor clones and adipose tissue growth.
Authors: H Wang, J L Kirkland, C H Hollenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Rat adipocyte precursor populations contain clones varying in capacity for replication. In this study we explored factors controlling the frequency of clones of varying replicative capacities (clonal composition). We also explored the relationship between this frequency and fat depot growth. In perirenal and epididymal depots clonal composition was identical bilaterally; perirenal depots contained more extensively replicating clones. Although there were large interanimal differences in clonal composition, variation between animals was always in the same direction for both depots. Clonal composition was unaffected by undernutrition while with animal growth the frequency of the most extensively replicating clones was reduced. Differentiation of precursors occurred in all clones, while differentiation did not occur in skin fibroblasts cloned under identical conditions. Clonal composition and mature fat cell number were related in that fat cell numbers were identical bilaterally in both depots and increased more extensively with growth in perirenal than epididymal tissue. We conclude (a) that clonal composition of adipocyte precursor populations is regulated genetically and by age, (b) that this composition determines, at least in part, the capacity for adipose depot growth.
FCRL2 expression predicts IGHV mutation status and clinical progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Fu Jun Li, Shouluan Ding, Jicun Pan, Mikhail A. Shakhmatov, Elena Kashentseva, Jiongru Wu, Yufeng Li, Seng-jaw Soong, Nicholas Chiorazzi, Randall S. Davis
Journal: Blood (2008)
Treatment of marrow stroma with interferon-alpha restores normal beta 1 integrin-dependent adhesion of chronic myelogenous leukemia hematopoietic progenitors. Role of MIP-1 alpha.
Authors: R Bhatia, P B McGlave, C M Verfaillie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The mechanisms by which interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) restores normal hematopoiesis in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are not well understood. We have recently demonstrated that IFN-alpha acts directly on CML hematopoietic progenitors to restore their adhesion to marrow stroma by modulating beta 1 integrin receptor function. In the present study we examined the effect of IFN-alpha treatment of marrow stroma on subsequent adhesion of CML progenitors. Stromal layers were preincubated with IFN-alpha (10,000 microns/ml) for 48 h. Subsequent coincubation with CML progenitors for 2 h resulted in significantly increased adhesion of CML progenitors. We demonstrated that alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrin receptors were involved in the enhanced adhesion of CML progenitors, suggesting that IFN-alpha-treated stroma can upregulate CML integrin function. This effect is due, at least in part, to IFN-alpha-induced increased stromal production of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), which upregulates beta 1 integrin-dependent adhesion of CML progenitors to stroma. Thus, IFN-alpha treatment of marrow stroma restores beta 1 integrin-dependent adhesion of CML progenitors, at least in part through induction of MIP-1 alpha production. These observations provide further insights into mechanisms by which IFN-alpha may restore normal hematopoiesis in CML.
Developmental aspects of the male reproductive system
Authors: Jack Davies
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAMMALIAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INVOLVES: (1) an indifferent or ambisexual stage, in which both the male (Wolffian) and female (Mullerian) duct systems are present; (2) sexual differentiation, in which the phenotypic sex is expressed by the enhancement of Mullerian structures in the female and Wolffian structures in the male and reciprocal suppression of the opposite duct system; (3) cytodifferentiation, in which the epithelial, stromal and muscular features are regionally established; and (4) actual response to endogenous hormones, especially in mammals, such as the human and guinea pig, in which the differentiated tissues respond according to their capability. Specifically in the male, the onset of sexual differentiation is signaled by the elaboration of an androgenlike material (possibly testosterone) and a Mullerian-inhibiting factor from the testis. In the absence of these two influences, or one of them, the reproductive tract remains essentially female in configuration, a normal situation in the female and in abnormal males in which the urogenital sinus and Wolffian structures are incapable of hormonal responses due to the lack of specific enzymes or receptors. Male differentiation in particular involves enlargement of the penis and its canalization by the urethra, scrotal development and descent of the testis, and the formation of accessory glandular structures from the urogenital sinus or Wolffian ducts (bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles, ampulla, prostate). Remnants of the Mullerian system may persist at the upper pole of the testis and are normally present (uterus masculinus) in relation to the prostatic part of the urethra.The emergence of the characteristic parts of the male reproductive system in higher mammals in relation to phylogeny and the detailed origin of these in individual ontogeny are described. The use of the guinea pig as a model animal system for the study of transplacental effects of hormones (diethylstilbestrol, estradiol) and teratogens is briefly discussed.
STRANGULATION OF TRAUMATIC DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA OCCURRING NINE MONTHS AFTER ORIGINAL ACCIDENT
Authors: R. D. B. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Conclusion 1.A case of primary diffuse lymphosarcoma of stomach with polypoid masses has been described.2. Metastasis has been shown to occur in liver, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bone marrow.3. The important points in the differential diagnosis cf the condition have been indicated.
Surgical Considerations of Ventricular Septal Defect Associated with Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries and Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: E. S. IMAMURA, TETSUO MORIKAWA, KATSUHIKO TATSUNO, SOUJI KONNO, TATSUTA ARAI, SHIGERU SAKAKIBARA
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with complete transposition of the great arteries was studied, and each of the typical anatomic varieties was depicted to emphasize the characteristic features of the VSD. Among the 32 specimens, 13 cases were found to have a VSD lying anterosuperior to the origin of the papillary muscle of the conus, indicating that repair of the VSD could be performed without difficulty. Such a defect situated above the crista supraventricularis has proved to be technically most preferable, as shown in the case report. In contrast, the remaining 19 cases appeared to be inappropriate for the technique, as the VSD was overhung by a part of the tricuspid valve. Additional analysis was made of the angiocardiographic appearances of the VSD, demonstrating some characteristic patterns.
An Apparent Exception to Schwarz’s Dictum, “No Acid — No Ulcer”
Authors: Jon I. Isenberg, Harvey Spector, Larry A. Hootkin, J. Loren Pitcher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

IT has been said that peptic-ulcer disease does not occur in the absence of gastric acid — i.e., "no acid — no ulcer."1 This statement has been referred to as Schwarz's dictum.2 The patient described below had a benign gastric ulcer and no titratable acid after repeated maximal betazole stimulation tests.Case ReportA 62-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of fatigue. Physical examination was unremarkable.The hematocrit was 26 per cent. Iron-deficiency anemia was documented.Gastroscopy, performed with an Olympus GTF-A gastrocamera, disclosed a benign-appearing gastric ulcer on the lesser curvature distal to the angulus. Gastric . . .
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOSE, ANTI-FACTOR XA ACTIVITY, AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS RANDOMIZED TO EDOXABAN IN THE ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 TRIAL
Authors: Christian T. Ruff, Robert Giugliano, Eugene Braunwald, David Morrow, Sabina Murphy, Naveen Deenadayalu, Petr Jarolim, Joshua Betcher, Minggao Shi, Karen S. Brown, Indravadan Patel, Michele Mercuri, Elliott Antman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 2223: Identification of novel protein modulators of p53 family function using photochemical crosslinking of stapled peptides.
Authors: Kenneth M. Felsenstein, Kathryn M. Headley, Kevin A. Murray, Elisabeth A. Russell, Federico Bernal
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Considered to be the “guardian of the genome,” the tumor suppressor p53 works to counteract genetic mutation through cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis to prevent proliferation of damaged cells. Dysfunction of the p53 pathway is a large driver of tumorigenesis, with an estimated more than 50% of cancers bearing some p53 abnormality; hence, the normalization of p53 function is considered an important clinical goal for cancer therapy. Many of the interactions involving p53 have been extensively studied; however, absent structural information, the identification of the precise nature of the binding interactions proves challenging, more so if they are transient. Using the hydrocarbon stapled peptide methodology previously used by our group to study interactions mediated by alpha-helices, we have begun identifying novel binding targets of the p53 transactivation domain (TAD) as well as its related proteins p63 and p73 through biochemically specific, covalent photochemical crosslinking reactions. Methodologically, we have developed the use of photoreactive stapled alpha helices (pSAHs) representing a unique way to use highly selective, biochemically specific cross-linking reagents. These can be used more broadly to study protein-protein binding interactions in cell-free and cell based assays. The technique has allowed us to learn more about the biologically active state of proteins that interact with the p53-family member TADs as well as the identification of unexplored binding partners and their mechanism of action in disease. Citation Format: Kenneth M. Felsenstein, Kathryn M. Headley, Kevin A. Murray, Elisabeth A. Russell, Federico Bernal. Identification of novel protein modulators of p53 family function using photochemical crosslinking of stapled peptides. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2223. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2223
Cancer Immunotherapy with Alloreactive Lymphocytes
Authors: Shimon Slavin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In this issue of the Journal, Childs and colleagues present preliminary evidence that in patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer, infusions of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells after a preparative regimen that does not ablate the bone marrow (nonmyeloablative stem-cell transplantation) may be an effective treatment.1 This report opens new therapeutic possibilities not only for metastatic renal-cell cancer but also for other solid tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.The basis of this treatment rests in part on observations that were made in patients who were treated with the classic approach to certain types of leukemia: very high doses . . .
Children's exposure assessment: a review of factors influencing Children's exposure, and the data available to characterize and assess that exposure.
Authors: E A Cohen Hubal, L S Sheldon, J M Burke, T R McCurdy, M R Berry, M L Rigas, V G Zartarian, N C Freeman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We review the factors influencing children's exposure to environmental contaminants and the data available to characterize and assess that exposure. Children's activity pattern data requirements are demonstrated in the context of the algorithms used to estimate exposure by inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion. Currently, data on children's exposures and activities are insufficient to adequately assess multimedia exposures to environmental contaminants. As a result, regulators use a series of default assumptions and exposure factors when conducting exposure assessments. Data to reduce uncertainty in the assumptions and exposure estimates are needed to ensure chemicals are regulated appropriately to protect children's health. To improve the database, advancement in the following general areas of research is required: identification of appropriate age/developmental benchmarks for categorizing children in exposure assessment; development and improvement of methods for monitoring children's exposures and activities; collection of activity pattern data for children (especially young children) required to assess exposure by all routes; collection of data on concentrations of environmental contaminants, biomarkers, and transfer coefficients that can be used as inputs to aggregate exposure models.
Abstract IA-18: Mouse embryonic stem cells exist in a unique metabolic state
Authors: Steven L. McKnight
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The cell division cycle of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is considerably more rapid than that of even the most aggressively growing cancer cells. In order to investigate whether mouse ES cells might exist in a unique metabolic state supportive of rapid growth, organic extracts were prepared and analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Upon comparison of mouse ES cells with differentiating embryoid bodies, such assays revealed profound differences in the abundance of metabolites associated with one-carbon metabolism and purine biosynthesis. It was also noted that the abundance of both threonine and acetyl-CoA changed markedly as ES cells were cued to differentiate into embryoid bodies. These differences in metabolite abundance were traced to the copious, ES cell specific expression of the gene encoding threonine dehydrogenase (TDH). TDH gene expression was 1,000-fold higher in ES cells than any of 7 tissues assayed from adult mice. The TDH enzyme catalyzes the mitochondrial breakdown of threonine into glycine and acetyl-CoA. Glycine is further catabolized by mitochondrial enzymes associated with the glycine cleavage system to foster the charging (methylation) of tetrahydrofolate, a key intermediate in purine synthesis. The acetyl-CoA produced from TDH-mediated breakdown of threonine is fed into the TCA cycle. This TDH-dependent metabolic pathway is used in rapidly growing microbial organisms, including bacteria and yeast — and is a component of what has been termed the high flux backbone of microbial metabolism. “Drop-out” culture media were prepared individually missing each of the 20 amino acids. It was observed that mouse ES cells grow fine in all drop-out media except that lacking threonine. Cell division and DNA synthesis of mouse ES cells were abruptly impeded in threonine-deficient culture medium. Threonine dependence was not observed for any of a number of other cell lines that do not express the TDH gene, including HeLa cells, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, or NIH 3T3 cells. These studies provide evidence that mouse ES cells are unique in using threonine as a metabolic fuel. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):IA-18.
Cell motility mediated by rho and rho-associated protein kinase plays a critical role in intrahepatic metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Takuya Genda, Michiie Sakamoto, Takafumi Ichida, Hitoshi Asakura, Masamichi Kojiro, Shuh Narumiya, Setsuo Hirohashi
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can invade the portal vein and metastasizes to other parts of the liver even at a relatively early stage of the disease, with less tumor spread occurring outside the liver. This intrahepatic metastasis is the main cause of liver failure and death in HCC patients. To analyze the mechanisms of intrahepatic metastasis we have constructed metastatic models using orthotopic implantation of human HCC cell lines. Five HCC cell lines formed liver tumors after injection into the livers of SCID mice, and of those 5 cell lines, Li7 and KYN-2 cells also resulted in vascular tumor thrombi and intrahepatic metastasis. These 2 cell lines had markedly higher cell motilities than the other 3 cell lines in vitro . Their motilities appeared to be Rho-mediated; serum and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) evoked actin reorganization and motility of Li7 cells, and C3 exoenzyme exposure reduced the motility of both serum-stimulated Li7 cells and KYN-2 cells. Dominant negative and active forms of p160 Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (p160ROCK), one of the downstream effectors of Rho, were separately and stably introduced into Li7 cells. Dominant active p160ROCK transfectants showed increased motility that was independent of serum and LPA, and dominant negative p160ROCK transfectants showed reduced motility under stimulation. Furthermore, implantation of dominant negative p160ROCK transfectants resulted in a reduced metastatic rate in vivo compared with the parent cells or a control transfectant. These findings indicate that cell motility mediated by the Rho/p160ROCK signaling pathway plays a critical role in intrahepatic metastasis of human HCC.
A Domestic Test for Albuminous Urine.
Authors: J. G. Truax
Journal: JAMA (1895)

New York City, October, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —This is the title of a paper read by the writer at the last meeting of the New York Medical Association, held in New York City, Oct. 15,1895. Thinking that an abstract of the important part of that paper might be of some value to the readers of theJournal, it is sent to theJournalwith the hope that you will deem it worthy of publication. The method of making this test is as follows: pour into a test tube an inch of urine; with a dropper, drop carefully upon the surface of the urine half its quantity of alcohol. If albumin be present in the urine, a white line will form between the two fluids, the same as in the cold nitric acid test. The other method is to put the alcohol in the test tube first, and drop as
Abstract 1944: <i>In vitro</i> analysis of suicide gene expression and function in human T lymphocytes transduced to express a tumor targeted chimeric antigen receptor
Authors: Jae Park, Raymond Yeh, Isabelle Riviere, Michel Sadelain, Renier Brentjens
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Adoptive infusion of T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeted to tumor associated antigens (TAAs) is a promising novel approach to cancer therapy. However, in light of the fact that most TAAs targeted by such modified T cells are expressed, at least to some degree, by normal tissues as well as the fact that clinical experience with this technology is limited, safeguards are needed in the form of additional expression of transduced suicide genes by these T cells to allow for the efficient in vivo abrogation of infused T cells in the setting of unanticipated adverse events which may develop in the context of planned clinical trials. Herein we report the in vitro function of 3 different suicide genes each initially inserted distal to a CAR gene and an IRES (internal ribosome entry site) element cloned into the SFG retroviral vector. Specifically, in this study we evaluated the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK SR39), E. coli derived nitroreductase (NTR), and inducible caspase-9 (iCasp-9). We initially found that all 3 suicide genes functioned sub-optimally in the second position of these IRES based bicistronic vectors. In order to enhance suicide gene expression we deleted the IRES elements replacing them with 2A linker peptides, which significantly improved gene expression and the cell growth inhibition upon the addition of respective substrate. In PG13 cells transduced with SFG 1928z. IRES. NTR we found 40% inhibition at 5mM of metronidazole (MTZ), but 90% in PG13 cells transduced with SFG 1928.2A.NTR. Similarly, PG13 (1928z.IRES.HSV-TK) fibroblasts exhibited 60% inhibition at 1µM of ganciclovir compared to 85% inhibition of PG13 (1928z.2A.HSV-TK) fibroblasts. Consistent with these findings, we found that human T cells transduced with either 1928z.2A.NTR or 1928z.2A.HSV-TK demonstrated 90% and 88% inhibition respectively at similar substrate concentrations. In light of this encouraging in vitro data, we are currently in the process of assessing respective suicide gene function in vivo using a syngeneic, immune-competent mouse model recently developed in our laboratory. Ultimately we anticipate that these studies will allow us to rationally select the optimal suicide gene-prodrug combination to be incorporated into future clinical trials utilizing gene modified tumor targeted T cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1944.
Automation of Behavioral Observations on Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients
Authors: MERVIN ROSENBERG, BERNARD C. GLUECK, WALTER L. BENNETT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The authors describe a computerized nursing observation reporting system that records moment-to-moment patient behavior in a more objectively accurate, condensed, and accessible manner than has previously been possible. Since a basic goal of therapy is to help the patient modify his maladaptive behavior, the system reported here would facilitate timely treatment by the therapist. At the same time, such a computerized system permits a standardization and quantification of behavioral observations, resulting in useful predictor indices that reveal significant patterns of change in patient behavior.