tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sport, age, and sex specific incidence of sports injuries in Western Australia
Authors: Mark R Stevenson, Peter Hamer, Caroline F Finch, Bruce Elliot, Marcie-jo Kresnow
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

To describe the trends in recreational sports injury in Perth, Western Australia.A prospective cohort study of sports injuries during the 1997 winter season (May to September).Sample of Australian football, field hockey, basketball, and netball players from the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia.A cohort of sports participants was followed over the five month winter sports season. Before the season, participants completed a baseline questionnaire and during the season were interviewed every four weeks by telephone.Overall, 92% of participants (n = 1391) who completed a baseline questionnaire completed at least one follow up telephone interview. About half (51%) of the cohort sustained one or more injuries during the winter season accounting for a total of 1034 injuries. Most injuries were of moderate (58%, n = 598) or minor (40%, n = 412) severity, with only 3% (n = 24) requiring emergency department treatment or a hospital stay. The injury incidence rate was greatest for football (20.3/1000 hours of participation), similar for field hockey and basketball (15.2/1000 hours and 15.1/1000 hours respectively), and lowest for netball (12.1/1000 hours). The incidence of injury was greatest in the first four weeks of the season, and participants aged between 26 and 30 years had about a 55% greater risk of injury than those aged less than 18 years.This is one of the first studies to show that recreational sports are safe. Although the likelihood of injury was greatest in the first month of the season, few injuries required admission to hospital or emergency department treatment. A greater emphasis on prevention in the early part of the season should help to reduce the elevated incidence of injury found at this time.
[723] LIVER MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND BIOGENESIS IN PATIENTS WITH NAFLD: HEPATIC EXPRESSION OF PGC1-ALPHA, COX2 AND COX4
Authors: M. Lemoine, M. Kim, V. Ratziu, V. Barbu, J.P. Bastard, D. Wendum, F. Paye, R. Poupon, C. Housset, J. Capeau, L. Serfaty
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Combined Aortic Surgery and Implantation of a Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Miralem Pasic, Manfred Hummel, Roland Hetzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: There is no clearly established strategy for the treatment of a patient with cardiomyopathy and a symptomatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. We report the successful use of an appro...
Diffusely Increased Tc-99m-MDP Uptake in Both Kidneys
Authors: KIYOSHI KOIZUMI, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Patients with diffusely increased uptake in both kidneys (often referred to as “hot kidneys”) on Tc-99m-MDP bone imaging were evaluated. Among 2056 patients reviewed, this finding was seen in 13 patients (0.63%): four with liver cirrhosis, two with lung cancer, one each with primary hepatoma, Hodgkin's disease, malignant lymphoma, thyroid cancer, leukemia, sideroblastic anemia, and diabetes mellitus. Renal vascular disease and iron overload are considered to be the major causes of this finding.
PRACTICAL POINTS IN MANAGEMENT OF CORD BLADDER
Authors: Gershom J. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1953)

In 1936, at a meeting of the Section on Urology,<sup>1</sup>I reported the performance of transurethral resection on the vesical neck of a paraplegic man; the operation resulted in great improvement in urinary function. This patient had sustained a fracture of the spinal column and was incontinent of urine but months later finally had regained vesical control. Shortly thereafter he could urinate only with great effort exerted by the abdominal muscles. The transurethral operation made it possible for him to void freely and empty his bladder completely but still control urination. In a previous publication, Braasch and I<sup>2</sup>outlined some of the theoretical and practical aspects in patients who had atonic bladders, including a number of patients who had neurogenic vesical dysfunction. In an article with Jacobson,<sup>3</sup>I examined the problem further and described 10 patients; 6 of them were adults varying in age from 24 to
Major mutations in calf-1 and calf-2 domains of glycoprotein IIb in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia enable GPIIb/IIIa complex formation, but impair its transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Nurit Rosenberg, Rivka Yatuv, Vladimir Sobolev, Hava Peretz, Ariella Zivelin, Uri Seligsohn
Journal: Blood (2003)
The Anger Camera and the Pertechnetate Ion in the Routine Evaluation of Thyroid Uptake and Imaging
Authors: JOHN B. SELBY, MARIA G. BUSE, NIHAL S. GOONERATNE, DON O. MOORE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

The thyroid traps the pertechnetate ion and iodine in a similar manner. Thus, 99mTc-pertechnetate may be used for thyroid uptake studies (including stimulation and suppression tests), as well as imaging. Images are obtained after an intravenous administration of 2-4 mCi of 99mTc-pertechnetate, and the scan is preceded by a trapping index at 20 minutes, measured as the neck to thigh ratio. In 1973, we compared 99mTc-pertechnetate with 131I in diagnostic uptake and imaging studies of the thyroid gland in 100 patients. We have had experience with an additional 100 patients, and modified our procedure so that the Anger camera with pinhole collimator will adequately replace the standard scintillation probe. Using the camera alone, with the 99mTc-pertechnetate makes the study less expensive and briefer, with no loss of information. Routine use of the scan aids in distinguishing diffuse from localized diseases.
Transforming Quality of Care and Improving Outcomes After Acute MI
Authors: William J French, Vanessa S Reddy, Hal V Barron
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Computer quantitation of ST segment response to graded exercise in untrained and trained normal subjects
Authors: C. T. M. Davies, A. H. Kitchin, A. V. Knibbs, J. M. Neilson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

A computer technique has been employed to record continuously the amplitude of selected points on the ECG waveform during and after graded exercise in untrained and trained young subjects. There was a wide scatter of values, a proportion lying outside previously suggested criteria of normality. The general pattern was one of increasing ST segment depression and slope with increasing severity of exercise.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and diagnosis by computed tomography.
Authors: C M McKee, P E Weir, J H Foster, G A Murnaghan, M E Callender
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A 39 year old woman was admitted to a maternity unit at 34 weeks9 gestation with nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Her condition deteriorated, and she was transferred to hospital, deeply unconscious and hypotensive. The diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy was initially suggested by the typical history of prodromal malaise and vomiting and the rapid onset of hepatic encephalopathy with profound hypoglycaemia and only small increases in transaminase activities. Computed tomography was performed: there was no enlargement of the liver or spleen, but the attenuation value over the liver indicated appreciable fatty infiltration of the liver, establishing the diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Computed tomography is of value in the diagnosis of liver disease of late pregnancy, and this technique may become the method of choice for the investigation of acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
The Prescription and Proscription of Chorionic Gonadotropin-Reply
Authors: John J. Ambre
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> As pointed out by Drs Amelar and Dubin, chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein, not a steroid. It is similar in structure to the other glycoprotein gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, and also resembles luteinizing hormone in its ability to stimulate testosterone production by the Leydig cells of the testis. Presumably, it is because of this androgenic activity that chorionic gonadotropin is used by athletes, although such practices sometimes defy logical explanation. Though the evidence that such use is widespread is unconvincing, there is concern that chorionic gonadotropin is used and abused in the same manner and for the same purpose as the anabolic-androgenic steroids. Therefore, chorionic gonadotropin has been placed on the list of banned substances by the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the US Olympic Committee and has been included in state controlled substances laws such as that of New York State. The writers' comments
Lactulose (cephulac) in portosystemic encephalopathy
Authors: M. E. Kosman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide that lowers elevated blood ammonia levels and improves symptoms in patients with portosystemic encephalopathy. It is generally well tolerated and appears to be a suitable alternative to neomycin sulfate for maintenance therapy to prevent recurrent attacks and to improve protein tolerance.
Back pain: the history and physical examination
Authors: B. M. Rothschild
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Given the scope of the article by Deyo et al, 1 I was surprised that the authors did not discuss fibromyalgia. It may well be the most common cause of low back pain and is identifiable by notation of typical tender  points. 2 Pressure, manually applied to specific sites, identifies the presence of such  areas. These sites include the temporalis (above the ear), anterior to the tragus of the ear, scalenus capitis, sternocleidomastoid, low anterior neck, pectoralis minor, manubrium of sternum, anterior and posterior axillary folds, low posterior neck, trapezius ridge, upper and lower rhomboids, parasagittal thoracolumbar spine, iliac crest, mid buttocks, mid vastus lateralis, and the quadriceps insertion at the patella.  While trigger points are not necessarily limited to the low back, low back pain is often the presenting complaint. The pain is often modulated by physical activity, weather changes, anxiety, and stress. It
Mast cell tryptase causes airway smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness in dogs.
Authors: K Sekizawa, G H Caughey, S C Lazarus, W M Gold, J A Nadel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Supernatants obtained by degranulation of dog mastocytoma cells greatly increased the sensitivity and the magnitude of the contractile response of isolated dog bronchial smooth muscle to histamine. The enhanced contractile response was reversed completely by H1-receptor antagonists and was prevented by an inhibitor of tryptase (a major protease released with histamine from secretory granules of mast cells). The potentiation of histamine-induced contractions was reproduced by active tryptase in pure form. The contractions due to the combination of histamine and purified tryptase were abolished by the Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil. The bronchoconstricting effects of KCl and serotonin, which, like histamine, contract airway smooth muscle by a mechanism predominantly involving membrane potential-dependent Ca2+ transport, were also potentiated by tryptase. However, the contractile effects of acetylcholine, which contracts dog airway smooth muscle by a mechanism independent of Ca2+ channels, were unaffected by tryptase. These findings show a striking promotion of agonist-induced bronchial smooth muscle contraction by mast cell tryptase, via direct or indirect effects on Ca2+ channels, and the findings therefore suggest a novel potential mechanism of hyperresponsiveness in dog bronchi.
Pediatric Information in Drug Product Labeling
Authors: Debbie Avant
Journal: JAMA (2012)

To the Editor: The dearth of information on drugs for children led to children being called "therapeutic orphans."In 1975, Wilson determined that 78% of drug labeling had inadequate pediatric information. 1In 1999, Wilson summarized 25 years of efforts to get pediatric information into labeling and extended his analysis. 2In the decade after Wilson's review, regulations and legislation have led to more pediatric studies and labeling. 3We hypothesized that a higher percentage of labeling has information on use in children compared with the analyses by Wilson in 1975 1 and in 1999. 2Methods.We evaluated labeling in the June 2009 electronic Physicians' Desk Reference 4 (ePDR) using methods established by Wilson 1 in analyzing the 1973 print PDR.Labeling was categorized as adequate if it stated that the drug was approved for pediatric use, had been studied, or had safety, efficacy, or dosing information for all appropriate pediatric populations; and inadequate if labeling lacked data on dosing, safety, or efficacy in at least 1 pediatric subpopulation.Partially labeled was a subgroup of inadequately labeled and defined as adequate labeling for at least 1 but not all appropriate pediatric subpopulations.Labeling in the ePDR was reviewed by 3 people (A.N.S., D.A., W.R.).Differences were reviewed by a fourth person who made final assignments (M.D.M.).The was 0.91.Topicals, nasal sprays and most over-the-counter products were excluded per the methods of Wilson.In products with multiple formulations, only 1 likely to be used in children (ie, oral formulation) was analyzed.Because limitations in the ePDR may lead to an underestimate of pediatric labeling, 2 subanalyses were performed.First we excluded products on the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) list of Products Deemed Not Relevant to Pediatrics. 5 Second, we compared the ePDR list with the FDA's Pediatric Labeling Changes Table (February 1998-June 2009), which reflects only pediatric legislative initiatives and is not comprehensive, to determine whether most new pediatric labeling changes were included in the ePDR. 3 Similar to Wilson, 2 we also assessed the labeling for all new molecular entities (NMEs) approved between 2002 and 2008 6 to determine if the product might be used in pediatrics and the adequacy of the pediatric information.
Early Use of X-ray Machines and Electrocardiographs at The Pennsylvania Hospital
Authors: Joel D. Howell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

TODAY physicians accept machines as a desirable part of medical practice and use them to care for patients throughout the United States. Such was not always the case. Medical technology has been widely used only since the early 20th century.<sup>1,2</sup>Many turn-of-the-century machines found their way into the growing number of hospitals.<sup>3-5</sup>Perhaps the machines that had the greatest impact were those that revealed parts of the human body previously hidden from view, such as the x-ray machine, or made visible otherwise imperceptible actions of the body, such as the electrocardiograph. This article examines how the x-ray machine became a part of routine patient care at the Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, between 1897 and 1927, and compares that process with the introduction of the electrocardiograph. It differs from most previous historical analysis of medical technology by focusing on how these instruments were actually used, not on how they were
Identification of Transcriptional Subgroups in <i>EGFR</i>-Mutated and <i>EGFR</i>/<i>KRAS</i> Wild-Type Lung Adenocarcinoma Reveals Gene Signatures Associated with Patient Outcome
Authors: Maria Planck, Sofi Isaksson, Srinivas Veerla, Johan Staaf
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

In lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR and KRAS mutations dominate the mutational spectrum and have clear therapeutic implications. We sought to determine whether transcriptional subgroups of clinical relevance exist within EGFR-mutated, KRAS-mutated, or EGFR and KRAS wild-type (EGFRwt/KRASwt) adenocarcinomas.Gene expression profiles from 1,186 adenocarcinomas, including 215 EGFR-mutated, 84 KRAS-mutated, and 219 EGFRwt/KRASwt tumors, were assembled and divided into four discovery (n = 522) and four validation cohorts (n = 664). Subgroups within the mutation groups were identified by unsupervised consensus clustering, significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) analysis, and centroid classification across discovery cohorts. Genomic alterations in identified mutation subgroups were assessed by integration of genomic profiles for 158 cases with concurrent data. Multicohort expression subgroup predictors were built for each mutation group using the discovery cohorts, and validated in the four validation cohorts.Consensus clustering within the mutation groups identified reproducible transcriptional subgroups in EGFR-mutated and EGFRwt/KRASwt tumors, but not in KRAS-mutated tumors. Subgroups displayed differences in genomic alterations, clinicopathologic characteristics, and overall survival. Multicohort gene signatures derived from the mutation subgroups added independent prognostic information in their respective mutation group, for adenocarcinoma in general and stage I tumors specifically, irrespective of mutation status, when applied to the validation cohorts. Consistent with their worse clinical outcome, high-risk subgroups showed higher expression of proliferation-related genes, higher frequency of copy number alterations/amplifications, and association with a poorly differentiated tumor phenotype.We identified transcriptional subgroups in EGFR-mutated and EGFRwt/KRASwt adenocarcinomas with significant differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and patient outcome, not limited to a mutation-specific setting.
Twelve-Hour Glycemic Profiles With Meals of High, Medium, or Low Glycemic Load
Authors: Lai-Ling Hui, E. Anthony S. Nelson, Kai-Chow Choi, Gary W.K. Wong, Rita Sung
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

tion, and worsened glycemic control, which might be related to the cytochrome P450 -mediated metabolic pathway (4,5).The results in this study are an important observation for patients with diabetes and are consistent with another report that pitavastatin, which is metabolized with little involvement of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (4), did not show these major adverse effects (6).Because pitavastatin has been marketed for only a few years, further studies with a greater number of subjects and a longer duration are needed to establish the safety of this agent.In conclusion, pitavastatin is effective in lowering LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels without affecting glycemic control in patients with diabetes.We believe that this agent must also help prevent the development of macrovascular disease in diabetic patients, as has been seen with other statins, but this still requires confirmation in a controlled clinical trial.
Mechanical Restraint Use and Fall-related Injuries among Residents of Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Mary E. Tinetti, Wen-Liang Liu, Sandra F. Ginter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To evaluate the association between mechanical restraint use and the occurrence of injurious falls among persons residing in skilled nursing facilities. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Twelve skilled nursing facilities in southern Connecticut. Participants: The 397 persons who were mobile and unrestrained at baseline. Measurements: Restraint use was defined both as the number of days restrained and as "never," "intermittently," or "continually" restrained. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of a serious fall-related injury. Analyses were done on the entire cohort as well as on a subgroup hypothesized as having a high risk for falls. Main Results: During one year of follow-up, 122 subjects (31%) became restrained, 83 intermittently and 39 continually. A serious fall-related injury was experienced by 5% (15 of 275) of unrestrained, compared with 17% (21 of 122) of restrained, subjects (chi-square= 12.478; P < 0.001). Restraint use remained independently associated with serious injury after adjusting for other factors, both in the entire cohort (adjusted odds ratio, 10.2; 95% Cl, 2.8 to 36.9) and in the high-risk subgroup (adjusted odds ratio, 6.2; Cl, 1.7 to 22.2). Among the 305 subjects who experienced two or fewer falls, the proportion having a serious injury was 15% for restrained subjects compared with 4% for unrestrained subjects (difference in proportions 11%, Cl, 4% to 17%), whereas the comparable proportions for the 92 subjects who experienced more than two falls were 20% and 16%, respectively. Results were similar in the high-risk subgroup. Conclusions: Mechanical restraints were associated with continued, and perhaps increased, occurrence of serious fall-related injuries after controlling for other injury risk factors. Study results suggest the need to consider whether restraints provide adequate, if any, protection.
A Review of the Epidemiologic Studies of Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: REUEL A. STALLONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

In response to case reports of toxic shock syndrome, six case-comparison studies were done in 1980. Early cases were predominantly in menstruating women, and the use of tampons was strongly associated with the onset of illness. Because of the widespread publication of this finding, the case-comparision studies had problems due to differential ascertainment and recall bias. However, the number of cases among women was so great and the relation with tampon use so marked that unreasonable assumptions are necessary if the results are to be attributed to these biases. The studies show the power of epidemiologic methods, even given the unfavorable circumstance of an uncommon condition, associated with a common practice. Although the absolute risk of toxic shock syndrome is small, tampon users have more than a tenfold excess risk of the condition over women not using tampons, and the use of tampons is an adequate explanation for the excess risk of women over men.
Rheumatologic symptoms can occur in histoplasmosis
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Nearly 7% of one patient group treated during Indianapolis' 1978-1979 histoplasmosis outbreak had rheumatologic manifestations, such as arthritis, arthralgia, or erythema nodosum. In reporting this to the American Rheumatism Association section at the Arthritis Foundation's annual meeting in Atlanta, Indiana University Medical Center investigators noted: "In most patients, the rheumatologic manifestations were sufficiently mild as to require no therapy or only salicylates or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, three patients were given prednisone." The Indianapolis outbreak claimed 15 lives. Before it subsided, 435 histoplasmosis cases were confirmed serologically. The source never was found (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1979;242:1010 and 1980;243:1130). The investigators—Jerome Rosenthal, MD, Kenneth D. Brandt, MD, Lawrence J. Wheat, MD, and Thomas G. Slama, MD—obtained their information from a review of the records of 381 patients "with symptomatic histoplasmosis infections" seen during the outbreak. Twenty-four (6.6%) of these patients had rheumatologic problems: Sixteen had joint pain without swelling (classified