tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The influence of ultraviolet radiation on allergic contact dermatitis in the guinea-pig. I. UVB radiation
Authors: WARWICK L. MORISON, JOHN A. PARRISH, MICHAEL E. WOEHLER, KURT J. BLOCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article The influence of ultraviolet radiation on allergic contact dermatitis in the guinea‐pig. I. UVB radiation Get access WARWICK L. MORISON, WARWICK L. MORISON Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JOHN A. PARRISH, JOHN A. PARRISH Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MICHAEL E. WOEHLER, MICHAEL E. WOEHLER GTE Laboratories, Inc., Walthan, Massachusetts 02154, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KURT J. BLOCH KURT J. BLOCH Clinical Immunology and Allergy Units of the Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 104, Issue 2, 1 February 1981, Pages 161–164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00039.x Published: 01 February 1981 Article history Accepted: 25 April 1980 Published: 01 February 1981
Silent Obstruction after Extracorporeal Piezoelectric Lithotripsy
Authors: A. H. MAHMOUD, A. H. ELGAZZAR, T. E. G. NILSSON, H. M. ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) is frequently used to treat renal calculi. We are presenting a case that developed silent ureteric obstruction following three sessions of EPL of 4,000 shocks each. The obstruction was silent and asymptomatic, and was detected 6 weeks later on a routine follow-up renogram. The obstruction was due to an impacted stone fragment in the lower ureter. After release of the obstruction, the kidney function did not return to pre-therapy levels due to irreversible damage. This case demonstrates the importance of doing renograms before and within a few days after shock therapy for renal stones.
"Disappointing" progress in children's health despite 10bn funding
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Government policies and programmes have failed significantly to improve the health of the under fives in England since 1998 despite over £10bn (€11bn; $16bn) in funding, says a new report by the Audit Commission.

The commission has called on councils and NHS organisations to work more closely together to deal with the health of children from conception to the age of five, and develop “innovative” ways of reaching disadvantaged groups within their communities.

The report highlights that the number of health visitors in England has fallen by 10% just as immunisation …
Early identification of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Authors: M. Pocchiari
Journal: BMJ (1998)

See pp 577, 593 

Unequivocal evidence now exists that the variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by the same strain of agent as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and that this strain differs from other strains isolated from cases of classic sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 1 2 At present definitive diagnosis of either form of the disease is possible only after death, but clinicians are under great pressure to distinguish between the two forms and in particular to be able to identify cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as early as possible.

Exposure of the human population in Britain to the agent causing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is likely to have occurred in the 1980s through beef products affected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Although it is reassuring that there have been only 24 cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (23 in Britain and 1 in France) and that the number of new cases did not increase in the last year, it is impossible to predict how many people are now incubating the variant form of disease. As well as concern over the size of any possible “epidemic” there is also the remote possibility that the level of infectivity outside the nervous system is …
Molecular cloning and sequence of the complementary DNA encoding human mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase and study of the variant enzymes in cultured fibroblasts from patients with 3-ketothiolase deficiency.
Authors: T Fukao, S Yamaguchi, M Kano, T Orii, Y Fujiki, T Osumi, T Hashimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Complementary DNAs encoding the precursor of human hepatic mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) (EC 2.3.1.9) were cloned and sequenced. The cDNA inserts in these clones were 1,518 bases in length when overlapped, and encoded the 427-amino acid precursor of this enzyme (45,199 mol wt). This amino acid sequence included a 33-residue leader peptide moiety and a 394-amino acid subunit of the mature enzyme (41,385 mol wt). The T2 gene expression in fibroblasts from four patients with 3-ketothiolase deficiency was analyzed by Northern blotting. The T2 mRNA in all four cell lines had the same 1.7 kb as that of the control. However, the amounts of T2 mRNA differed: the content was reduced in two cell lines (cases 1 and 3), whereas it was within a normal range in others (cases 2 and 4). Pulse labeling followed by subcellular fractionation revealed that the T2 proteins in the fibroblasts from these patients are present in the mitochondria. These results suggest that different mechanisms are involved in the enzyme defects in the four patients.
Doctors should avoid making assumptions about patients' choices at the end of life
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The General Medical Council has issued comprehensive new guidance for doctors on end of life care, including advice on how to decide whether to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and when to withhold or withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration.

The guidance, which comes into force on 1 July, covers the whole of the United Kingdom and replaces the GMC’s 2002 guide on withholding or withdrawing life prolonging treatments. It follows extensive consultation and takes into account recent court cases, the Mental Capacity Act 2005, GMC guidance on consent in 2007, and government strategies on end of life care in England and Scotland.

The GMC said it also wanted to use the guidance …
Modeling the Impact of Antiretroviral Use in Developing Countries
Authors: Stefano M Bertozzi, Sergio Bautista-Arredondo
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Ideally, evaluations of strategies related to the use of antiretroviral agents would use large-scale randomized trials with HIV-related mortality as the primary endpoint. In reality, however, such studies are rarely conducted, given the long follow-up needed and the substantial costs. Furthermore, people currently living with HIV/AIDS need treatment now, not at the conclusion of long-term prospective trials.

Model-based methods are a powerful and practical means of performing formal comparisons of health interventions when the ideal is not possible. Model-based analyses synthesize data from multiple sources, permitting decision makers to understand the likely impact of different strategies and to set priorities for clinical trials [ 1]. Models also offer a practical framework for managing uncertainty via (1) sensitivity analysis (i.e., sensitivity of the model's outputs to variation in the model's parameters that are either variable or estimated with uncertainty) and (2) analysis of different scenarios (which can represent different settings and/or different levels of optimism in the values of the model's parameters) [ 2, 3]. Finally, models permit analyses that extrapolate beyond the limitations of a trial's time constraints, geographic setting, and study population [ 4, 5]. 

Probably the most important contribution of mathematical models relies not in the specific point estimates they generate, but rather, in the insights they provide regarding the likely impact of changes in different variables—such as access to treatment, sexual behavior, natural history of the disease, quality of care and adherence—on life expectancy and epidemic dynamics.
Adjunct effect of loratadine in the treatment of acute sinusitis in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: J. J. Braun, J. P. Alabert, F. B. Michel, M. Quiniou, C. Rat, J. Cougnard, W. Czarlewski, J. Bousquet
Journal: Allergy (1997)

H 1 ‐blockers are often added to the standard treatment of acute sinusitis, but this is not supported by a controlled study. A multicentric, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study was done in 139 allergic patients (15–65 years) to assess the adjunct efficacy of loratadine in acute exacerbation of rhinosinusitis. Sinusitis was diagnosed by symptoms and confirmed by rhinoscopy and sinus radiograph. Allergy was characterized by skin tests, RAST, and history. Patients were treated with antibiotics (14 days), oral corticosteroids (10 days), and loratadine (10 mg OD) or placebo (28 days). Treatment efficacy was assessed over 28 days by symptom scores quoted daily by patients. Physicians also rated total symptom scores at entry and at day 28. At entry, both groups had similar symptoms. Placebo‐treated patients improved significantly, but patients who received loratadine had a significantly greater improvement in sneezing ( P =0.003) after 14 days, and in nasal obstruction ( P =0.002) after 28 days. Physicians found that patients receiving loratadine were significantly improved compared to placebo patients ( P =0. 0125). Loratadine in addition to standard therapy was found to improve the control of some symptoms of sinusitis.
Effects of melittin on endothelium-dependent relaxation and cyclic GMP levels in rat aorta.
Authors: R M Rapoport, M Ashraf, F Murad
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The present study investigates the mechanism of endothelium-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Melittin, a polypeptide found in honeybee venom and a known activator of phospholipase A2, induced transient, endothelium-dependent relaxations of rat thoracic aortae contracted with norepinephrine. Higher concentrations of melittin induced relaxations followed by contractions. Prior incubation of melittin with trypsin abolished the changes in relaxation and contraction due to melittin. Melittin (10 micrograms/ml)-induced relaxations were associated with transiently elevated levels of cyclic GMP with a peak increase of 30-fold, which occurred 30 seconds after melittin exposure. Melittin (10 micrograms/ml) elevated cyclic AMP levels less than twofold and this effect was variable. A lower concentration of melittin (1 microgram/ml) elevated cyclic GMP levels approximately twofold, while exposure to 1 microgram/ml melittin in the presence of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, M&amp;B 22948 (1 mM), increased cyclic GMP levels fivefold. Removal of the endothelium prevented the increased levels of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP due to melittin. Exposure to the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue, prevented the increased levels of cyclic GMP. Methylene blue, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, parabromophenacyl bromide, inhibited melittin-induced relaxations, while the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, was without effect. Arachidonic acid increased cyclic AMP levels but had no effect on cyclic GMP levels in the presence or absence of indomethacin. Relaxations to melittin, and to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine, trypsin, histamine, and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, and/or the associated increased cyclic GMP levels, were reduced following exposure to melittin. Prior exposure to polyarginine (10 micrograms/ml), which induced endothelium-dependent relaxations that were prevented by methylene blue, also inhibited relaxations to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators. In contrast, relaxations to sodium nitroprusside were potentiated in tissues previously exposed to melittin. Removal of the endothelium by rubbing the intimal surface also potentiated relaxations to sodium nitroprusside. Scanning electron micrographs of the intimal surface demonstrated that melittin and polyarginine greatly damaged the endothelial cells. The present results suggest that polycation containing peptides induce endothelium-dependent relaxation through elevation of cyclic GMP levels within the smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TOTAL RETROFLEXION OF THE IRIS.
Authors: ALVIN A. HUBBELL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Cases of total retroflexion of the iris are of such rare occurrence that I venture to report the following: A. G., German, aged 55, laborer, presented himself to me at my clinic at the Charity Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Buffalo, N. Y., on May 26, 1899. Two weeks previous to that date he had fallen from a wagon, and had struck the left side of his face and head against the pavement. He did not think that there was a stone or other object on the pavement against which he fell, but it seems quite probable to me that he was mistaken. According to the patient's statement, there had ever been any injury or disease of either eye previous to this fall. Vision had been acute in both eyes, and the color of eyes and size of pupils had been alike. At the time of his first visit, the
A Prospective Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and the Development of AIDS in Subjects with Hemophilia
Authors: James J. Goedert, Craig M. Kessler, Louis M. Aledort, Robert J. Biggar, W. Abe Andes, Gilbert C. White, James E. Drummond, Kampala Vaidya, Dean L. Mann, M. Elaine Eyster, Margaret V. Ragni, Michael M. Lederman, Alan R. Cohen, Gordon L. Bray, Philip S. Rosenberg, Robert M. Friedman, Margaret W. Hilgartner, William A. Blattner, Barbara Kroner, Mitchell H. Gail
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We evaluated a multicenter cohort of 1219 subjects with hemophilia or related disorders prospectively, focusing on 319 subjects with documented dates of seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The incidence rate of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after seroconversion was 2.67 per 100 person-years and was directly related to age (from 0.83 in persons 1 to 11 years old up to 5.66 in persons 35 to 70 years old; Ptrend = 0.00003). The annual incidence of AIDS ranged from zero during the first year after seroconversion to 7 percent during the eighth year, with eight-year cumulative rates (±SE) of 13.3±5.3 percent for ages 1 to 17, 26.8±6.4 percent for ages 18 to 34, and 43.7±16.4 percent for ages 35 to 70. Serial immunologic and virologic markers (total numbers of CD4 lymphocytes, presence of serum interferon or HIV-1 p24 antigen, and low or absent serum levels of anti-p24 or anti-gp120) predicted a high risk for the subsequent development of AIDS. Adults 35 to 70 years old had a higher incidence of low CD4 counts than younger subjects (P≤0.005), whereas adolescents had a low rate of anti-p24 loss (P = 0.0007) and subjects 1 to 17 years old had a lower incidence of AIDS after loss of anti-p24 (P = 0.03). These findings not only demonstrate that the risk of AIDS is related directly to age but also suggest that older adults are disproportionately affected during the earlier phases of HIV disease, that adolescents may have a low replication rate of HIV, and that children and adolescents may tolerate severe immunodeficiency better because they have fewer other infections or because of some unmeasured, age-dependent cofactor or immune alteration in the later phase of HIV disease. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1141–8.)
Obstructive Lesions of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: DENTON A. COOLEY, ARTHUR C. BEALL, GRADY L. HALLMAN, DONALD L. BRICKER
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Currently available diagnostic methods and surgical technics now allow accurate assessment and effective correction of the majority of lesions producing obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. On the basis of anatomic location these lesions can be divided into supravalvular, valvular, and subvalvular stenosis, and valvular lesions further can be subdivided into congenital and acquired categories. Temporary cardiopulmonary bypass with a pump oxygenator provides sustained support of the circulation for operation, while surgical technics employed are selected on the basis of etiology and location of the lesion. Experience gained in operations on 296 patients with obstructive lesions of the left ventricular outflow tract since 1956 now has demonstrated that these operations usually can be performed with acceptable risk and with excellent functional results.
Association of diabetes and cataract.
Authors: R. McGuinness
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Acute Osteomyelitis-GreenOrganisms were isolated from 32 patients-31 of the organ- iSms were Staphylococcus aureus and one was 8i-haemolytic streptocoocu.Sensitivity tests showed that cloxacillin was the only antbiotic out of eight tested to which all were sensitive.Complete resolution was effected in 90% of cases.There was relative failure of treatment in 8% and absolute failure in 1.6%.I wish to thank Professor R. Roaf and Mr. G. E
Points from Letters: Contraception and Infertility
Authors: M. Brudenell
Journal: BMJ (1973)

FEBRuARY 1973 scribed in the subchondral osseous plate and trabecular bone' were present in all 17 patellae.Although the treatment is problematical, promising results have been obtained with graduated quadriceps exercises and intra- muscular nandrolone propionate.-Weare, etc.,
Reviews and Notes: Cardiology and Angiology: Sudden Death: Cardiac and Other Causes
Authors: Daniel R. Neuspiel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 February 1994Reviews and Notes: Cardiology and Angiology: Sudden Death: Cardiac and Other CausesDaniel R. NeuspielDaniel R. NeuspielAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Sudden Death: Cardiac and Other CausesDonald B. Hackel and Keith A. Reimer. 160 pages. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press; 1993. $75.00.The unexpected sudden death of a previously healthy person is always tragic and frustrating, and clinicians could benefit from more accessible information on this phenomenon. Hackel and Reimer aim to offer a concise yet comprehensive text on sudden death for use by internists, pediatricians, and pathologists, but the book falls somewhat short on delivery.Hackel and Reimer provide a fairly complete overview of the cardiac causes of sudden death, including pathology and possible mechanisms. Other interesting features ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 3Page: 255KeywordsAdolescentsAsthmaChildrenEpilepsyPathologistsPediatric infectionsPneumoniaPulmonary embolismShockSudden cardiac death ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The effect of age on hepatic gene transfer with self-inactivating lentiviral vectors in vivo
Authors: Frank Park, Kazuo Ohashi, Mark A Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

It is known that cellular proliferation, by either compensatory regeneration or direct hyperplasia, can augment lentiviral vector transduction into hepatocytes in vivo. For this reason, the present study was designed to determine if adolescent mice (3½ weeks of age), which still have relatively proliferating livers, would have differential transduction compared to older (7 weeks of age) mice. Self-inactivating lentiviral vectors containing the human α1-antitrypsin (hAAT) promoter driving the expression of either the bacterial lacZ gene or the hAAT cDNA were generated for these studies. We found that adolescent mice given lentiviral vectors expressing lacZ (50 μg p24/mouse) via intravenous administration had a significantly higher level of hepatocyte transduction as measured by X-gal staining of liver sections compared to the 7-week-old mice. In addition, serum hAAT levels were nearly 40-fold higher in 3½-week-old mice administered lentiviral vectors expressing hAAT (50 μg p24/mouse) compared to the 7-week-old mice. Moreover, the incorporation of a matrix attachment region from immunoglobulin κ significantly increased transduction of hepatocytes in vivo. Although there was a small reduction in the circulating levels of hAAT, likely due to an immune response against the transgene product, gene expression was sustained for the duration of the study (30 weeks in total). In conclusion, the present study strongly demonstrates that lentiviral vector transduction efficiency and transgene expression were significantly enhanced in adolescent compared to older mice.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Organic Voice Disorders
Authors: Charles W. Vaughan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

ORGANIC voice disorders are common, and their management is usually simple. Most people have experienced hoarseness with an upper-respiratory infection and know that treatment requires only time and the common-sense avoidance of vocal excess and other irritants such as smoking. The patient with a voice disorder who seeks the physician's help is therefore unusual. The nature of the organic disease, the resulting disabilities, and the patient's concerns about them are the factors that are important in making a diagnosis and formulating treatment.Any disease that affects the vocal instrument in any of its parts (the lungs and thorax, the vocal . . .
Complication of hysterotomy.
Authors: S. V. Sood
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Complication of HysterotomySnt,-I wish to report an unusual, yet important, complication of hysterotomy.This I believe will be of general medical interest, especially for those who are involved with undertaking termination of pregnancy.A 33-year-old housewife was admitted to hos- pital for abdominal termination of pregnancy and sterilization.The indications were parity, proctocolitis, and acute anxiety.
Predicting high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration isolate infection among patients with community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
Authors: Shey-Ying Chen, Po-Ren Hsueh, Wen-Chu Chiang, Edward Pei-Chuan Huang, Ching-Feng Lin, Chin-Hao Chang, Shyr-Chyr Chen, Wen-Jone Chen, Shan-Chwen Chang, Mei-Shu Lai, Wei-Chu Chie
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)