tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Black Lung Disease
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vanishing Mediastinal Mass
Authors: Marc de Perrot, Yaron Shargall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 39-year-old man with no notable medical history was being examined because of a transient ischemic attack. On a chest radiograph, a mediastinal mass was detected when the patient was in the supine position (Panel A, arrow) but disappeared when he was standing (Panel B). This finding indicates an aneurysm of the superior mediastinal venous system. Computed tomography with the administration of intravenous contrast material confirmed a large aneurysm of the azygos vein (Panels C and D). Because of the risk of complications, such as venous thrombosis, the aneurysm was surgically removed and the azygos vein ligated. The patient had . . .
M6 Level of asthma control in primary care in the UK as determined by the RCP 3 questions
Authors: J Fettiplace, S Jogee, N Rajakumaraswamy
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> From 2012, the Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) in Asthma was amended to include an objective assessment of a patient’s asthma control using the RCP 3 questions. In the last month Have you had difficulty sleeping because of your asthma symptoms (including cough)? Have you had your usual asthma symptoms during the day (cough, wheeze, chest tightness or breathlessness)? Has your asthma interfered with your usual activities (for example, housework, work/school, etc.)? Controlled asthma is defined as answering ‘no’ to all 3 questions. Cegedim Ltd, who own the InPS Vision prescribing software, have access to anonymised QOF data and have used 150 GP practices which are selected to provide UK-wide representation. This has enabled an analysis to determine real-world levels of asthma control in primary care in the UK. <h3>Methods</h3> Asthma patients were identified according to QOF business rules. Patients who had provided responses to the RCP 3 questions (during the period March 2012–February 2013) were selected. A subset of those who had been on the same medication for the 12 months prior to that assessment were specified, defined as consistently prescribed the same medication at the time of assessment and 12 months prior. <h3>Results</h3> A cohort of 19,582 asthma patients who had completed the RCP 3 question assessment during the study period with 12 months of consistent therapy was identified. One-quarter (25%) of patients were controlled (answered ‘no’ to all questions). For patients at BTS Step 1 (SABA only) and BTS Step 2 (ICS monotherapy), the proportion controlled was 28% and 27% respectively. For patients at BTS Step 3 and above (ICS and LABA in combination, including as separate inhalers) the proportion was 23% (see figure). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Asthma control in primary care in the UK is poor with only 25% of asthmatics achieving control as defined by the RCP 3 questions; levels of control were consistent across BTS steps. Interventions to understand barriers and improve asthma control are warranted.
Cambodia cracks down on illegal drug vendors in bid to counter antimalarial resistance
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The emergence of resistance to artemisinin derivatives in western Cambodia last year could prove a serious setback for international efforts to control malaria. In an attempt to counter the spread of resistance to the most effective remaining antimalarials, local authorities have cracked down on unlicensed pharmacies in the country, closing down more than 60% in the past six months.

Shunmay Yeung, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told the BMJ that Cambodia was where resistance to chloroquine first emerged in the late 1950s and that if artemisinin follows a similar path it would be “potentially disastrous for global malaria control.”

Dr Yeung said that there are several reasons why Cambodia could be experiencing …
Looking at the liver.
Authors: M P McBrien
Journal: BMJ (1970)

are endemic could explain the finding of rickettsial antibodies in the sera of multiple sclerosis patients studied by Le Gac.It should be noted that rickettsiae are endemic not only in tropical Africa but also in northern Africa and other areas bordering the Mediterranean, including France.The only rickettsia affecting man known to be endemic in Britain is R. burneti, and no indication that Q fever is related to multiple sclerosis has been shown by the British in- vestigations involving microagglutination tests in altogether 79 and complement fixa- tion tests in 125 multiple sclerosis cases.I therefore agree with Professor Field and Miss Chambers and with my local colleagues that there is no acceptable evidence for a rickettsial aetiology of multiple sclerosis, and I see no grounds for diverting time and resources to clinical trial of Le Gac's treatment.-Iam, etc.,
Regulation of FcεRI-mediated degranulation by an adaptor protein 3BP2 in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells
Authors: Kiyonao Sada, S. M. Shahjahan Miah, Koichiro Maeno, Shinkou Kyo, Xiujuan Qu, Hirohei Yamamura
Journal: Blood (2002)
Non-rheumatic `subvalvar' mitral regurgitation: Surgical pathology and results of operation in 37 patients
Authors: P. K. Caves, M. Paneth
Journal: Thorax (1973)

Thirty-seven patients with non-rheumatic subvalvar mitral regurgitation are reported, representing 16% of all patients with mitral regurgitation submitted to open operation over a five-and-a-half-year period. In 22 older patients with `idiopathic9 chordal lesions, the commonest finding was rupture of chordae to the posterior leaflet. The aortic leaflet chordae were most frequently involved following myocardial infarction (7 patients) or bacterial endocarditis (3 patients). Three other younger patients had ruptured chordae and two patients had rupture of the posteromedial papillary muscle following acute myocardial infarction. The mitral valve was repaired in 16 patients with ruptured chordae, of whom only eight obtained a satisfactory late result. In the other 21 patients the valve was replaced with a mounted aortic homograft or a Starr-Edwards prosthesis. It is concluded that mitral valve repair should be reserved for patients with symmetrical rupture of the chordae controlling the centre of the posterior leaflet, as regurgitation may reappear after other forms of repair due to progressive rupture of other abnormal chordae or breakdown of the repair. The early and late mortality in the patients with a definite antecedent myocardial infarction was much higher than in the other groups, and emergency valve replacement soon after rupture of the papillary muscle was unsuccessful in both patients.
Pavlovian perceptions and primate realities
Authors: Frank E. Poirier, Michelle Field
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The extent to which Pavlovian feed-forward mechanisms operate in primates is debatable. Monkeys and apes are long-lived, usually gregarious, and intelligent animals reliant on learned behavior. Learning occurs during play, mother-infant interactions, and grooming. We address these situations, and are hesitant to accept Domjan et al.'s reliance on Pavlovian conditioning as a major operant in primates.
Doctors and the dictator
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In his review of Rengger and Longchamp’s Historical Essay on the Paraguayan Revolution and the Dictatorship of Doctor Francia , Thomas Carlyle, who from the safety of Cheyne Row, Chelsea, was much in favour of the said dictator, whom he greatly admired, wrote: “The Messrs Rengger and Longchamp were, and we hope still are, two Swiss surgeons; who in the year 1819 resolved on carrying their talents into South America, into Paraguay, with views towards ‘natural history,’ among other things.”

The heavy sarcasm disguises an inaccuracy. The Swiss surgeons said in their book (actually written by Rengger alone) that they were primarily interested in natural history and hoped to keep themselves by practising medicine. They were not interested …
Intense pulsed light vs. long-pulsed dye laser treatment of telangiectasia after radiotherapy for breast cancer: a randomized split-lesion trial of two different treatments
Authors: P. Nymann, L. Hedelund, M. Haedersdal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Chronic radiodermatitis is a common sequela of treatment for breast cancer and potentially a psychologically distressing factor for the affected women.To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of treatments with a long-pulsed dye laser (LPDL) vs. intense pulsed light (IPL) in a randomized split-lesion trial.Thirteen female volunteers with radiodermatitis and Fitzpatrick skin types II-III were included in the study. Subjects received a series of three treatments at 6-week intervals with half-lesion LPDL (V-beam Perfecta, 595 nm) and half-lesion IPL (Ellipse Flex); the interventions were randomly assigned to left/right or upper/lower halves. Primary end-points were reduction in telangiectasia, patient satisfaction and preferred treatment. Secondary end-points were pain and adverse effects. Efficacy was registered by blinded photographic evaluations 3 months after the final treatment.Eleven patients completed the study. Telangiectasia cleared with both treatments but the efficacy of LPDL was superior. Blinded photographic evaluations showed median vessel clearances of 90% (LPDL) and 50% (IPL) (P = 0.01). LPDL treatments were associated with lower pain scores than IPL treatments [median visual analogue scale (VAS) score 4.3 and 6.0, respectively, P < 0.01]. Patients were slightly more satisfied with LPDL (median VAS score 8) than IPL treatments (median VAS score 7; P < 0.05) and more preferred LPDL (n = 9) to IPL (n = 2) (P < 0.01). Two patients withdrew from the study because of hypopigmentation of the IPL treated areas, which slowly repigmented within 1 year.This study was based on two specific laser and IPL devices, and found the LPDL treatment to be advantageous compared with IPL due to superior vessel clearance and less pain.
Absorption of some glycol ethers through human skin in vitro.
Authors: P H Dugard, M Walker, S J Mawdsley, R C Scott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

To assist evaluation of the hazards of skin contact with selected undiluted glycol ethers, their absorption across isolated human abdominal epidermis was measured in vitro. Epidermal membranes were set up in glass diffusion cells and, following an initial determination of permeability to tritiated water, excess undiluted glycol ether was applied to the outer surface for 8 hr. The appearance of glycol ether in an aqueous "receptor" phase bathing the underside of the epidermis was quantified by a gas chromatographic technique. A final determination of tritiated water permeability was compared with initial values to establish any irreversible alterations in epidermal barrier function induced by contact with the glycol ethers. 2-methoxyethanol (EM) was most readily absorbed (mean steady rate 2.82 mg/cm2/hr), and a relatively high absorption rate (1.17 mg/cm2/hr) was also apparent for 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (PM). There was a trend of reducing absorption rate with increasing molecular weight or reducing volatility for monoethylene glycol ethers (EM, 2.82 mg/cm2/hr; 2-ethoxyethanol, EE, 0.796 mg/cm2/hr; 2-butoxyethanol, EB, 0.198 mg/cm2/hr) and also within the diethylene glycol series: 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol (DM, 0.206 mg/cm2/hr); 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (DE, 0.125 mg/cm2/hr) and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol (DB, 0.035 mg/cm2/hr). The rate of absorption of 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (EEAc) was similar to that of the parent alcohol, EE. Absorption rates of diethylene glycol ethers were slower than their corresponding monoethylene glycol equivalents. Combination of intrinsic toxicity and ability to pass across skin contribute to assessment of hazards of contact with undiluted glycol ethers.
<i>In vitro</i> screening for inhalant allergy with multi SX 1 RAST® (Phadiatop®)
Authors: C. Köhl, M. Debelić
Journal: Allergy (1991)

A new in vitro screening test for inhalant allergy (Phadiatop®, Pharmacia Uppsala, Sweden) was evaluated for its effectiveness in identifying allergic patients. The test is based on the radio‐allergo‐sorbent‐test (RAST®). Specific IgE antibodies to different inhalant allergens are detected simultaneously. Serum samples from 300 patients and controls were run with Phadiatop. 96% of 150 patients with proved allergic disease were correctly identified by Phadiatop. 92% of 150 individuals without clinically relevant allergic hypersensitivity were found correctly to be negative. Allergic disease was proved or excluded by case history, skin prick test, RAST and, in some cases, additionally by provocation challenge.
Preconditioning and postconditioning: The essential role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Authors: S LIM, S DAVIDSON, D HAUSENLOY, D YELLON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) at the time of myocardial reperfusion is a critical determinant of cell death. Emerging studies suggest that suppression of mPTP opening may underlie the cardioprotection elicited by both ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and postconditioning (IPost). To further evaluate the role of the mPTP in cardioprotection, we hypothesized that hearts deficient in cyclophilin-D (CYP-D-/-), a key component of the mPTP, will be resistant to cardioprotection conferred by ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning.Male/female wild type or CYP-D-/- mice were subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. In wild type mice subjected to in vivo myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, a significant reduction in myocardial infarct size was observed with the following treatments (n>/=6/group; P<0.05): (1) IPC (28+/-4% vs. 46.2+/-4% in control); (2) Diazoxide (5 mg/kg) pre-treatment (26.4+/-3% vs. 54+/-10% in vehicle control); (3) IPost-1 or IPost-2, three or six 10-s cycles of ischemia-reperfusion (27.2+/-3% and 32+/-4%, respectively vs. 46.2+/-4% in control); (4) Bradykinin (40 mug/kg) (28.3+/-1% vs. 48+/-4% in vehicle control); (5) cyclosporin-A (10 mg/kg) (32.3+/-3% vs. 48+/-4% in vehicle control) (6) sanglifehrin-A (25 mg/kg) (29.3+/-3% vs. 48+/-4% in vehicle control). Interestingly, however, no infarct-limiting effects were demonstrated in CYP-D-/- mice with the same treatment protocols: (27.9+/-5% in control vs. 31.2+/-7% with IPC, 30.2+/-5% with IPost-1, 24.7+/-8% with IPost-2; 30.1+/-4% in vehicle control vs. 26.4+/-7% with diazoxide; 24.6+/-4% in vehicle control vs. 24.9+/-5% with bradykinin, 26.8+/-7% with cyclosporin-A, 32.5+/-6% with sanglifehrin-A: n>/=6/group: P>0.05).This study demonstrates that the mPTP plays a critical role in the cardioprotection elicited by ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning.
THE PREPARATION OF HIGHLY PURIFIED PR8 INFLUENZA VIRUS FROM INFECTED MOUSE LUNGS
Authors: C. A. Knight
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

Highly purified preparations of PR8 influenza virus were obtained from perfused, infected mouse lungs by a combination of methods involving adsorption of the virus on and elution from chicken red cells and differential centrifugation. Such preparations were found to possess 50 per cent infectivity end-points at 10(-11) to 10(-11.8), and 10(-13) to 10(-14.3) gm. of nitrogen in mice and in chick embryos, respectively. A sedimentation constant of 683 S was obtained for the material and electron micrographs revealed essentially spherical particles about 100 mmicro in diameter. The material was isoelectric at pH 5.4 and chemical analyses on several of the preparations indicated the presence of 10.1 per cent of nitrogen, 1.06 per cent of phosphorus, 6.2 per cent of carbohydrate and about 33 per cent of lipid. Positive tests were obtained for both ribonucleic and desoxyribonucleic acids. The virus was precipitated strongly by antisenim to purified PR8 virus obtained from the allantoic fluid of infected chick embryos and this serum inhibited the agglutination of red cells by the mouse virus to a dilution of about 40,000. In general, the properties of the virus isolated from infected mouse lungs were found to coincide with those of the virus obtained from the allantoic fluid of infected chick embryos.
No difference between alfacalcidol and paricalcitol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Ditte Hansen, Knud Rasmussen, Henning Danielsen, Helmut Meyer-Hofmann, Egidijus Bacevicius, Thomas G. Lauridsen, Jens K. Madsen, Birgitte G. Tougaard, Peter Marckmann, Peter Thye-Roenn, Jørgen E. Nielsen, Svend Kreiner, Lisbet Brandi
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Pyrolysis products of PCBs.
Authors: J Paasivirta, R Herzschuh, T Humppi, E Kantolahti, J Knuutinen, M Lahtiperä, R Laitinen, J Salovaara, J Tarhanen, L Virkki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Model compound studies which were previously done for impurities and environmental residues of chlorophenols and for wastes of chlorination processes were extended to the impurities and pyrolysis products of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Model compounds were commercial products or synthesized and their structures proven by spectroscopic methods. These models were used as analytical reference substances in GC/ECD and GC/MS studies of the pyrolyzed PCB samples. In addition to previously known neutral components like polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), chlorophenolic substances, especially polychlorophenols (PCPs) and polychlorinated biphenylols (PCB-OHs) were observed as major pyrolysis products of PCBs. Capacitor fires are suggested to produce in many cases chlorophenols which are major toxic hazards to people.
Mutations in the cardiac troponin I gene associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akinori Kimura, Haruhito Harada, Jeong-Euy Park, Hirofumi Nishi, Manatsu Satoh, Megumi Takahashi, Shitoshi Hiroi, Taishi Sasaoka, Nobuhisa Ohbuchi, Takeyuki Nakamura, Takeshi Koyanagi, Tae-Hong Hwang, Jin-A Choo, Kyu-Sung Chung, Akira Hasegawa, Ryozo Nagai, Osamu Okazaki, Hiroshi Nakamura, Masunori Matsuzaki, Tsuguya Sakamoto, Hironori Toshima, Yoshinori Koga, Tsutomu Imaizumi, Takehiko Sasazuki
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Very Low Density Lipoprotein–Mediated Signal Transduction and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 in Cultured HepG2 Cells
Authors: Cristina Banfi, Luciana Mussoni, Patrizia Risé, Maria Grazia Cattaneo, Lucia Vicentini, Fiorenzo Battaini, Claudio Galli, Elena Tremoli
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

In normal subjects and in patients with cardiovascular disease, plasma triglycerides are positively correlated with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels. Moreover, in vitro studies indicate that VLDLs induce PAI-1 synthesis in cultured cells, ie, endothelial and HepG2 cells. However, the signaling pathways involved in the effect of VLDL on PAI-1 synthesis have not yet been investigated. We report that VLDLs induce a signaling cascade that leads to an enhanced secretion of PAI-1 by HepG2 cells. In myo-[(3)H]inositol-labeled HepG2 cells, VLDL (100 microg/mL) caused a time-dependent increase in [(3)H]inositol phosphates, the temporal sequence being tris>bis>monophosphate. VLDL brought about a time-dependent stimulation of membrane-associated protein kinase C (PKC) activity and arachidonate release. Finally, VLDL stimulated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and this effect was reduced by 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), which suggests that PKC plays a pivotal role in MAP kinase phosphorylation. VLDL-induced PAI-1 secretion was completely prevented by U73122, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, by H7 or by PKC downregulation, and by mepacrine (all P<0.01 versus VLDL-treated cells). 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)-octyl ester, which prevents Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, inhibited VLDL-induced PAI-1 secretion by 60% (P<0.05), and the MAP kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 completely suppressed both basal and VLDL-induced PAI-1 secretion. These data demonstrate that VLDL-induced PAI-1 biosynthesis results from a principal signaling pathway involving PKC-mediated MAP kinase activation.
The function of the discussion section in academic medical writing
Authors: J. R Skelton
Journal: BMJ (2000)

There is growing interest in the dissemination of research results and concern for how important messages can be most efficiently disseminated. A recent editorial on the writing of discussion sections and the problems connected with this provided a timely contribution.1 The particular problem Docherty and Smith perceive is that authors use “rhetoric” to make claims about their findings which “go beyond the data.” The function of the discussion section is seen as simply a way to “sell the paper” and as such it is “the weakest part of the paper … careful explanation gives way to polemic.” The suggested solution is that contributors should be asked to write highly structured discussion sections as a way of imposing discipline and banishing speculation. The argument in favour of doing so is “[m]uch the same as that for structured abstracts,” which “have been shown to include more important information than unstructured summaries.”

In this article, we highlight several difficulties with this line of argument. We argue that discussion sections already have a fairly conventionalised structure; that some speculative language in the discussion section is desirable; and that, even if speculative language were not desirable, it would be impossible to get rid of it by virtue of a tighter structure.

#### Summary points

There is concern that authors speculate beyond their results when they write discussion sections and that these sections should therefore be formally structured

If authors do not go beyond their results, however, their discussion is tautologous

In any case, speculation cannot be removed by imposing structural rules

What is needed to assist authors is detailed, evidence based guidance about how to write discussions

To find out how discussion sections …