tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are the results of gradual versus continuous increase of load in ergometric tests comparable
Authors: Alexandra M. Preisser, Marcial Velasco Garrido, Cordula Bittner, Volker Harth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Standard exercise testing (ET) comprises progressive exercise provocation with cardiovascular monitoring. Exercise tolerance is estimated from workload. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is a non-invasive measurement of ventilatory gas exchange and provides more accurate quantifications of cardiorespiratory fitness. Workload is usually increased stepwise in ET and continuously (ramp) in CPX. Are the results comparable?

Methods: 32 healthy volunteers (17 f/15 m, age 26.8±6.1, BMI 24.5±3.0) underwent exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer up to maximum physical exhaustion; under ramp protocol (CPX) and 2-7 days later with stepwise increase (ET). We compared physical performance under both methods according to max. workload, PWC150, PWC170, and exercise duration using paired t-tests.

Results: There were no significant differences in maximum heart rate (CPX: 177±11.7/min ET: 179±11.2/min, ns) or maximal workload (220±51 vs. 209±43, ns). PWC150 and PWC150/kg were higher (157±51 vs. 146±42, and 2.1±0.5 vs. 1.9±0.4, both p<0.001). Exercise duration was almost equal (12.1 vs. 11.3 min, ns). Women achieved a sign. better wattage compared with predicted (185±29.5 vs. 156 W pred, p<0.001) and also for V'O2(2336±448 vs. 2064 ml/min pred, p<0.05). Men showed slight better V'O2(3349±625 vs. 3289 ml/min pred, ns), wattage was below the reference value (240±35.1 vs. 268 W pred, ns).

Conclusions: Overall physical performance was higher with CPX. Since the results are similar, we recommend the CPX: wattage and other parameters in performance assessment are to be determined directly. The target values of the wattages on the bicycle ergometer for women need to be reviewed.
Précis of<i>The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique</i>
Authors: Adolf Grünbaum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1986)

Abstract This book critically examines Freud's own detailed arguments for his major explanatory and therapeutic principles, the current neorevisionist versions of psychoanalysis, and the hermeneuticists' reconstruction of Freud's theory and therapy as an alternative to what they claim was a “scientistic” misconstrual of the psychoanalytic enterprise. The clinical case for Freud's cornerstone theory of repression – the claim that psychic conflict plays a causal role in producing neuroses, dreams, and bungled actions – turns out to be ill-founded for two main reasons: (a) Even if clinical data were valid, the method of free association has failed to support the psychoanalytic theory of unconscious motivation; (b) Clinical data tend in any case to be artifacts of the analyst's self-fulfilling expectations, thus losing much of their evidential value. The hypothesis that psychoanalytic treatment is in reality a placebo poses a serious challenge to the assumption that insight is a key causal factor when therapy is successful. This challenge has yet to be met by psychoanalysts. Similar conclusions undermine the neorevisionist versions of psychoanalysis. The most influential hermeneuticists, on the other hand, are shown to have imposed an alien philosophy on psychoanalysis, partly through their reliance on gross misconceptions of the natural sciences. Karl Popper's criticism of the Freudian corpus as empirically untestable has misjudged its evidential weaknesses, which are more subtle. If there exists empirical evidence for the principal psychoanalytic doctrines, it cannot be obtained without well-designed extraclinical studies of a kind that have for the most part yet to be attempted.
Effect of Antihypertensive Drug Treatment on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women and Men
Authors: Francois Gueyffier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Trials of drug therapy for hypertension have shown that such therapy has a clear overall benefit in preventing cardiovascular disease. Although these trials have included slightly more women than men, it is still not clear whether treatment benefit is similar for both sexes. Objective: To quantify the average treatment effect in both sexes and to determine whether available data show significant differences in treatment effect between women and men. Design: Subgroup meta-analysis of individual patient data according to sex. Analysis was based on seven trials from the INDANA (INdividual Data ANalysis of Antihypertensive intervention trials) database and was adjusted for possible confounders. Patients: 20 802 women and 19 975 men recruited between 1972 and 1990. Interventions: Primarily β-blockers and thiazide diuretics. Results: In women, treatment effect was statistically significant for stroke (fatal strokes and all strokes) and for major cardiovascular events. In men, it was statistically significant for all categories of events (total and specific mortality, all coronary events, all strokes, and major cardiovascular events). The odds ratios for any category of event did not differ significantly between men and women. In absolute terms, the benefit in women was seen primarily for strokes; in men, treatment prevented as many coronary events as strokes. Graphical analyses suggest that these results could be completely explained by the difference in untreated risk. Conclusions: In terms of relative risk, treatment benefit did not differ between women and men. The absolute risk reduction attributable to treatment seemed to depend on untreated risk. These findings underline the need to predict accurately the untreated cardiovascular risk of an individual person in order to rationalize and individualize antihypertensive treatment.
Compression-Only CPR or Standard CPR in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Leif Svensson, Katarina Bohm, Maaret Castrèn, Hans Pettersson, Lars Engerström, Johan Herlitz, Mårten Rosenqvist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Emergency medical dispatchers give instructions on how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) over the telephone to callers requesting help for a patient with suspected cardiac arrest, before the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. A previous study indicated that instructions to perform CPR consisting of only chest compression result in a treatment efficacy that is similar or even superior to that associated with instructions given to perform standard CPR, which consists of both compression and ventilation. That study, however, was not powered to assess a possible difference in survival. The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to evaluate the possible superiority of compression-only CPR over standard CPR with respect to survival.
Epigenomic diversity of colorectal cancer indicated by LINE-1 methylation in a database of 869 tumors
Authors: Yoshifumi Baba, Curtis Huttenhower, Katsuhiko Nosho, Noriko Tanaka, Kaori Shima, Aditi Hazra, Eva S Schernhammer, David J Hunter, Edward L Giovannucci, Charles S Fuchs, Shuji Ogino
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation plays a role in genomic instability and carcinogenesis. LINE-1 (L1 retrotransposon) constitutes a substantial portion of the human genome, and LINE-1 methylation correlates with global DNA methylation status. LINE-1 hypomethylation in colon cancer has been strongly associated with poor prognosis. However, whether LINE-1 hypomethylators constitute a distinct cancer subtype remains uncertain. Recent evidence for concordant LINE-1 hypomethylation within synchronous colorectal cancer pairs suggests the presence of a non-stochastic mechanism influencing tumor LINE-1 methylation level. Thus, it is of particular interest to examine whether its wide variation can be attributed to clinical, pathologic or molecular features. Design Utilizing a database of 869 colorectal cancers in two prospective cohort studies, we constructed multivariate linear and logistic regression models for LINE-1 methylation (quantified by Pyrosequencing). Variables included age, sex, body mass index, family history of colorectal cancer, smoking status, tumor location, stage, grade, mucinous component, signet ring cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), microsatellite instability, expression of TP53 (p53), CDKN1A (p21), CTNNB1 (β-catenin), PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2), and FASN, and mutations in KRAS, BRAF , and PIK3CA . Results Tumoral LINE-1 methylation ranged from 23.1 to 90.3 of 0-100 scale (mean 61.4; median 62.3; standard deviation 9.6), and distributed approximately normally except for extreme hypomethylators [LINE-1 methylation &lt; 40; N = 22 (2.5%), which were far more than what could be expected by normal distribution]. LINE-1 extreme hypomethylators were significantly associated with younger patients (p = 0.0058). Residual plot by multivariate linear regression showed that LINE-1 extreme hypomethylators clustered as one distinct group, separate from the main tumor group. The multivariate linear regression model could explain 8.4% of the total variability of LINE-1 methylation (R-square = 0.084). Multivariate logistic regression models for binary LINE-1 hypomethylation outcomes (cutoffs of 40, 50 and 60) showed at most fair predictive ability (area under receiver operator characteristics curve &lt; 0.63). Conclusions LINE-1 extreme hypomethylators appear to constitute a previously-unrecognized, distinct subtype of colorectal cancers, which needs to be confirmed by additional studies. Our tumor LINE-1 methylation data indicate enormous epigenomic diversity of individual colorectal cancers.
NEARLY DOUBLED 5-YEAR-MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND PRIOR STROKE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: RESULTS OF THE STAR-REGISTRY
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Uwe Zeymer, Andrea Papp, Ralf Zahn, Jochen Senges
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Blockade of Interleukin-12 Function by Protein Vaccination Attenuates Atherosclerosis
Authors: A.D. Hauer, C. Uyttenhove, P. de Vos, V. Stroobant, J.C. Renauld, T.J.C. van Berkel, J. van Snick, J. Kuiper
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been identified as a key inducer of a type 1 T-helper cell cytokine pattern, which is thought to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. We sought to study the role of IL-12 in atherosclerosis by inhibition of IL-12 using a newly developed vaccination technique that fully blocks the action of IL-12. Methods and Results— LDL receptor–deficient (LDLr −/− ) mice were vaccinated against IL-12 by 5 intramuscular injections of IL-12–PADRE complex in combination with adjuvant oil-in-water emulsion (low dose)/MPL/QS21 every 2 weeks. Two weeks thereafter, atherogenesis was initiated in the carotid artery by perivascular placement of silicone elastomer collars. IL-12 vaccination resulted in the induction of anti–IL-12 antibodies that functionally blocked the action of IL-12 as determined in an IL-12 bioassay. Blockade of IL-12 by vaccination of LDLr −/− mice resulted in significantly reduced (68.5%; P &lt;0.01) atherogenesis compared with control mice without a change in serum cholesterol levels. IL-12 vaccination also resulted in a significant decrease in intima/media ratios (66.7%; P &lt;0.01) and in the degree of stenosis (57.8%; P &lt;0.01). On IL-12 vaccination, smooth muscle cell and collagen content in the neointima increased 2.8-fold ( P &lt;0.01) and 4.2-fold ( P &lt;0.01), respectively. Conclusions— Functional blockade of endogenous IL-12 by vaccination resulted in a significant 68.5% reduction in atherogenesis in LDLr −/− mice. Vaccination against IL-12 also improved plaque stability, from which we conclude that the blockade of IL-12 by vaccination may be considered a promising new strategy in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Increased serum neopterin levels in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome
Authors: F.F.V. Hamerlinck, J. Toonstra, W.A. van Vloten
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Increased serum neopterin levels in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome Get access F.F.V. Hamerlinck, F.F.V. Hamerlinck Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Toonstra, J. Toonstra Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.A. Van Vloten W.A. Van Vloten Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 6, 1 December 1999, Pages 1136–1152, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03221.x Published: 01 December 1999
High-Resolution Quantitative Computed Tomography Demonstrating Selective Enhancement of Medium-Size Collaterals by Placental Growth Factor-1 in the Mouse Ischemic Hindlimb
Authors: Weiming Li, Weiqun Shen, Robert Gill, Angela Corbly, Bonita Jones, Rama Belagaje, Yuke Zhang, Shaoqing Tang, Yan Chen, Yan Zhai, Guoming Wang, Asavari Wagle, Kwan Hui, Michael Westmore, Jeffrey Hanson, Yun-Fei Chen, Michael Simons, JaiPal Singh
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The process of arteriogenesis after occlusion of a major artery is poorly understood. We have used high-resolution microcomputed tomography (mu-CT) imaging to define the arteriogenic response in the mouse model of hindlimb ischemia and to examine the effect of placental growth factor-1 (PlGF-1) on this process.After common femoral artery ligation, mu-CT imaging demonstrated formation of collateral vessels originating near the ligation site in the upper limb and connecting to the ischemic calf muscle region. Three-dimensional mu-CT and quantitative image analysis revealed changes in the number of segments and the segmental volume of vessels, ranging from 8 to 160 microm in diameter. The medium-size vessels (48 to 160 microm) comprising 85% of the vascular volume were the major contributor (188%) to the change in vascular volume in response to ischemia. Intramuscular injections of Ad-PlGF-1 significantly increased Sca1+ cells in the circulation, alpha-actin-stained vessels, and perfusion of the ischemic hindlimb. These effects were predominantly associated with an increase in vascular volume contributed by the medium-size (96 to 144 microm) vessels as determined by mu-CT.High-resolution mu-CT delineated the formation of medium-size collaterals representing a major vascular change that contributed to the restoration of vascular volume after ischemia. This effect is selectively potentiated by PlGF-1. Such selective enhancement of arteriogenesis by therapeutically administered PlGF-1 demonstrates a desirable biological activity for promoting the growth of functionally relevant vasculature.
Brief Communication: Radiographic Contrast Infusion and Catecholamine Release in Patients With Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Smita K. Baid
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is useful for localizing pheochromocytoma. However, in patients with suspected pheochromocytoma, CT is often canceled or not performed because of the strong belief that intravenous contrast may induce hypertensive crisis. Objective: To examine whether intravenous low-osmolar contrast administration during CT induces catecholamine release that increases blood pressure or heart rate. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Participants: 22 patients with pheochromocytoma (15 nonadrenal and 7 adrenal) and 8 unmatched control participants without pheochromocytoma. Measurements: Plasma catecholamine levels, blood pressure, and heart rate. Results: Plasma catecholamine levels within and between groups did not significantly differ before and after intravenous administration of low-osmolar CT contrast. Patients with pheochromocytoma experienced a clinically and statistically significant increase in diastolic blood pressure that was not accompanied by corresponding increases in plasma catecholamine levels. The difference became non–statistically significant after adjustment for use of α- and β-blockers. Limitation: The study lacked a placebo group, and the sample was relatively small. Conclusion: Intravenous low-osmolar contrast–enhanced CT can safely be used in patients with pheochromocytoma who are not receiving α- or β-blockers. Funding: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health.
BLOOD REGENERATION IN SEVERE ANEMIA
Authors: F. S. Robscheit-Robbins, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

A liver extract No. 343, N.N.R. known to be fully potent in pernicious anemia shows but 10 to 20 per cent of the potency of whole liver feeding in severe continuous secondary anemia due to bleeding in dogs. There are wide individual variations which are not noted with whole liver feeding. Supplementing this liver extract with whole bile does not modify the reaction. Supplementing this liver extract with liver ash or apricot ash shows the sum of the two expected feeding reactions. When we supplement this liver extract with small amounts of whole liver (50 to 100 gm.) we may observe hemoglobin and red cell production in excess of the sum of the expected separate reactions. Whether the liver extract increases the potency of the whole liver feeding or vice versa, it suggests similar possibilities in various human secondary anemias. Liver and kidney fractions of varied types deserve much study to ascertain their effect upon widely divergent types of human anemias.
Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia
Authors: Hagop Kantarjian, Varsha Gandhi, Jorge Cortes, Srdan Verstovsek, Min Du, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Francis Giles, Stefan Faderl, Susan O'Brien, Sima Jeha, Jan Davis, Zeev Shaked, Adam Craig, Michael Keating, William Plunkett, Emil J Freireich
Journal: Blood (2003)
CD4+ Vα14 natural killer T cells are essential for acceptance of rat islet xenografts in mice
Authors: Yasuto Ikehara, Yohichi Yasunami, Shohta Kodama, Takanobu Maki, Masahiko Nakano, Toshinori Nakayama, Masaru Taniguchi, Seiyo Ikeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Pancreatic islet transplantation represents a potential treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of the immune reactions against allogeneic and xenogeneic transplanted islets remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ Vα14 natural killer T (NKT) cells, a recently identified lymphoid cell lineage, are required for the acceptance of intrahepatic rat islet xenografts. An anti-CD4 mAb, administrated after transplantation, allowed islet xenografts to be accepted by C57BL/6 mice, with no need for immunosuppressive drugs. The dose of anti-CD4 mAb was critical, and the beneficial effect appeared to be associated with the reappearance of CD4+ NKT cells at around 14 days after transplantation. Interestingly, rat islet xenografts were rejected, despite the anti-CD4 mAb treatment, in Vα14 NKT cell–deficient mice, which exhibit the normal complement of conventional lymphoid cells; adoptive transfer of Vα14 NKT cells into Vα14 NKT cell–deficient mice restored the acceptance of rat islet xenografts. In addition, rat islet xenografts were accepted by Vα14 NKT mice having only Vα14 NKT cells and no other lymphoid cells. These results indicate that Vα14 NKT cells play a crucial role in the acceptance of rat islet xenografts in mice treated with anti-CD4 antibody, probably by serving as immunosuppressive regulatory cells.
Specific Detection of Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Toru Mori, Mitsunori Sakatani, Fumio Yamagishi, Tetsuya Takashima, Yoshiko Kawabe, Keiji Nagao, Eriko Shigeto, Nobuyuki Harada, Satoshi Mitarai, Masaji Okada, Katsuhiro Suzuki, Yoshikazu Inoue, Kazunari Tsuyuguchi, Yuka Sasaki, Gerald H. Mazurek, Izuo Tsuyuguchi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The tuberculin skin test for immunologic diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has many limitations, including being confounded by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination or exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria. M. tuberculosis–specific antigens that are absent from BCG and most nontuberculous mycobacteria have been identified. We examined the use of two of these antigens, CFP-10 and ESAT-6, in a whole blood IFN-γ assay as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated individuals. Because of the lack of an accurate standard with which to compare new tests for M. tuberculosis infection, specificity of the whole blood IFN-γ assay was estimated on the basis of data from people with no identified risk for M. tuberculosis exposure (216 BCG-vaccinated Japanese adults) and sensitivity was estimated on the basis of data from 118 patients with culture-confirmed M. tuberculosis infection who had received less than 1 week of treatment. Using a combination of CFP-10 and ESAT-6 responses, the specificity of the test for the low-risk group was 98.1% and the sensitivity for patients with M. tuberculosis infection was 89.0%. The results demonstrate that the whole blood IFN-γ assay using CFP-10 and ESAT-6 was highly specific and sensitive for M. tuberculosis infection and was unaffected by BCG vaccination status.
1099 SERUM- AND GLUCORTICOID-INDUCED KINASE 1 (SGK1) PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE GLUCOCORTICOID DEPENDENT TRANS-DIFFERENTIATION OF A PANCREATIC PROGENITOR CELL TO HEPATOCYTES
Authors: K. Wallace, Q. Long, E. Fairhall, K. Charlton, M.C. Wright
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Three-Year Predictive Validity of DSM-IV Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Diagnosed at 4–6 Years of Age
Authors: Benjamin B. Lahey, William E. Pelham, Jan Loney, Heidi Kipp, Ashley Ehrhardt, Steve S. Lee, Erik G. Willcutt, Cynthia M. Hartung, Andrea Chronis, Greta Massetti
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Predictive validity is a fundamental consideration in evaluating the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly for younger children.The authors conducted four annual assessments of ADHD and functional impairment using multiple informants in 255 probands and matched comparison children who were 4-6 years old in wave 1.Nearly all children who met full criteria for ADHD in wave 1 met full criteria for ADHD over the next 3 years and continued to display marked functional impairment relative to comparison children, even when intelligence, co-occurring psychopathology, and demographic characteristics were controlled.These findings support the validity of the DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD in younger children by demonstrating that the symptoms and associated impairment are likely to persist well into elementary school.