tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Asthma
Authors: Gordon L. Snider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Eberle, a Philadelphia physician, in 1830, defined asthma1 as a "paroxysmal affection of the respiratory organs, characterized by a great difficulty of breathing, tightness across the breast, and a sense of impending suffocation, without fever or local inflammation." In modern times, asthma is still defined in clinical terms, without mention of cause, as a disease characterized by increased responsiveness of the airways to various stimuli, manifested by slowing of forced expiration, which changes in severity either spontaneously or as a result of therapy.2 Extrinsic asthma is believed to occur as a result of inhalation, or less often ingestion, of an . . .
A Colchicine Derivative in Therapy of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ellen M. Lessmann
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Desacetylmethylcolchicine decreased the leukocyte count and produced reduction or disappearance of immature cells in the peripheral blood in all of 14 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. These effects were usually accompanied by regression of splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, rise in hemoglobin concentration, and subjective improvement. A beneficial effect was also observed in some cases of blastic crisis. This drug appeared to have greater selectivity of action against cells of the granulocytic series than other antileukemic agents. Continuous adminstration proved necessary to maintain remission. Regulation of dosage was difficult; hematologic relapse occurred with suboptimal doses and toxic manifestations occurred with doses above the optimum. The drug's principal advantages are: prompt therapeutic action, possible effectiveness against myeloblastic proliferation, and rapid reversibility of its toxic effects.
Bone marrow molecular alterations after myocardial infarction: Impact on endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: T THUM, D FRACCAROLLO, P GALUPPO, D TSIKAS, S FRANTZ, G ERTL, J BAUERSACHS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Standard drugs post-myocardial infarction (MI) such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) increase levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). However, potential underlying mechanisms have not yet been investigated.We studied the effects of ACE inhibition or statin treatment on EPC levels and on bone marrow molecular pathways involved in EPC mobilization after MI in rats. Three days post-infarction, acetylated LDL (acLDL)+/Ulex europeus-1 (UEA-1)+/VEGF receptor-2+/eNOS+ EPC levels and formation of endothelial colony forming units (CFU) were reduced to 60+/-12% (p < 0.05) and 68+/-7% (p < 0.05). In bone marrow, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity were repressed. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity was unchanged, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased two-fold in bone marrow. ACE or HMG-CoA reductase inhibition resulted in significant increases in EPC levels. ACE inhibition increased bone marrow ERK phosphorylation and MMP-9 activity. Statin therapy enhanced bone marrow VEGF protein levels, Akt phosphorylation, eNOS activity and normalized increased ROS levels. Augmented EPC levels in the early post-infarction phase by ACE inhibition or statin treatment were associated with improved cardiac function and increased capillary density in the peri-infarct area 7 days after MI. Moreover, increased EPC levels in response to ACE inhibition or statin treatment were sustained 10 weeks post-infarction.Increased ROS and impaired MMP-9 activity in bone marrow likely contribute to reduced EPC mobilization in the early post-infarction phase. ACE inhibition or statin treatment increased EPC levels with distinct drug-specific effects on bone marrow molecular alterations.
Confidence Intervals: Academia and Clinic: The Use of Predicted Confidence Intervals When Planning Experiments and the Misuse of Power When Interpreting Results
Authors: Steven N. Goodman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Corrections15 March 1995Correction: Confidence Intervals: The Use of Predicted Confidence Intervals When Planning Experiments and the Misuse of Power When Interpreting ResultsFREESteven N. Goodman and Jesse A. BerlinSteven N. GoodmanSearch for more papers by this author and Jesse A. BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-6-199503150-00029 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In the article by Goodman and Berlin [1], the second sentence of the first full paragraph on page 202 should have read “The power of an experiment is the pretrial probability of all significant outcomes taken together (under a specified alternative hypothesis), and any attempt to apply power to a single outcome is problematic”.REFERENCE1. Goodman SN, Berlin JA. The use of predicted confidence intervals when planning experiments and the misuse of power when interpreting results. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:200-6. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven N. Goodman; Jesse A. BerlinAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1995Volume 122, Issue 6Page: 478KeywordsConfidence intervals ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Vascular changes in forearm and calf during sleep in man
Authors: A W ZBROZYNA, D M WESTWOOD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Vascular changes in forearm and calf during sleep in man Get access A W ZBROZ̃YNA, A W ZBROZ̃YNA From the Department of Physiology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D M WESTWOOD D M WESTWOOD From the Department of Physiology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 9, September 1988, Pages 666–673, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.9.666 Published: 01 September 1988 Article history Accepted: 22 April 1988 Published: 01 September 1988
Official resigns from UNAIDS to “tell the truth”
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Dr Jean-Louis Lamboray, one of the founders of UNAIDS, the joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS, announced his resignation from the secretariat this week because he “can't continue with an institution that doesn't make a difference.”

Dr Lamboray, a Belgian doctor, represented the World Bank in 1987 during the conception and design of UNAIDS, which is cosponsored by 10 UN organisations including the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef). He intends …
Anticonvulsant Therapy: To Stop or Not to Stop
Authors: Edward F. Rabe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The management of childhood epilepsy is cloaked in uncertainty. The physician treating an infant or child with recurrent seizures will, first of all, subject the patient to a neurologic examination and to studies of blood, urine, cranium and brain electrical activity. Conclusions from these studies are usually more satisfying regarding what the patient does not have than what the patient does have. However, armed with the knowledge of an electroencephalographic abnormality, a clinical description of the seizure type (or types), and historical and clinical inference that the patient does not have a deteriorating neurologic or psychologic condition, the physician must . . .
Town and Gown: "A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand"
Authors: Michael H. Dykes
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Attention has recently been drawn to the erosion of respect for the medical practitioner, which appears to have taken place in Western society during the past decade and has been ascribed to the divisive impact of the scientific method on the medical profession.<sup>1</sup>Vital as the scientific method is in establishing a sound basis for medical practice, Little<sup>1</sup>believes it has created a situation wherein "The researcher criticizes the clinician because he will not measure; the clinician criticizes the researcher because he will not cope with patients. Both criticisms are valid." It is difficult to conceive of a more forthright epitome of the town and gown division that all physicians must recognize, at least tacitly, within their profession. Perhaps this division within a single profession is to some extent a reflection of the dangerous general divisiveness that Gardner<sup>2</sup>believes currently afflicts our society as a whole. Gardner's
What are the results of hepatitis C treatment in a general population?
Authors: C. Hatem, A. Minello, S. Bresson-Hadni, V. Jooste, P. Evrard, A.C. Gossard, B. Obert, E. Rassiat, C. Milan, C. Bonithon-Kopp, J. Faivre, E. Monnet, J.P. Miguet, C. Lepage, P. Hillon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Snake Bites—A Correction.
Authors: J. D. Carhart
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the issue ofThe Journalfor September 28th I notice the following item, clipped from<i>The Southern Practitioner</i>, which is calculated to make a very false impression, at least in the minds of your northern readers, and to do our section of the State of Texas great injustice: Dr. L. G. Lincecum, of Lampasas, Texas, reports that he has treated more than one hundred cases of bites inflicted by poisonous reptiles, and that he has never seen a case result fatally that was treated by the hypodermic administration of permanganate of potassium and the administration of chloroform locally and by means of inhalation. He gives the permanganate in 1 and 2 grain doses. I have now practiced medicine in Texas eight years, part of the time in the northwest portion of the State known as the Panhandle, and the last five and one-half years in Lampasas.
Acute Respiratory Disease in University of Wisconsin Students
Authors: Alfred S. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

ACUTE respiratory diseases are the commonest illnesses in the United States, outranking the next closest contender by five times. They are probably responsible for more absenteeism from school, industry and military duty than any other illness, imposing a tremendous financial burden. They stand fourth as a cause of days disabled. Yet knowledge of their etiology, prevention and treatment is meager indeed.The investigation reported in this paper deals with this problem in university students. As a well defined and closely followed group, students offer an opportunity for relatively long-term observation and careful study. Medical care in this university is provided . . .
BRITISH MEDICAL DEGREES
Authors: MAX MILLARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Letters and Comments1 June 1967BRITISH MEDICAL DEGREESMAX MILLARD, M.B., F.R.C.P.I., M.C.PATH.MAX MILLARD, M.B., F.R.C.P.I., M.C.PATH.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-6-1295 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In the review in the ANNALS (February) of her recently published book Medical Practice in Modern England Rosemary Stevens is quoted as writing, "only a minute proportion of practitioners in England has a valid claim to the title 'Doctor.'"This prods me to a periodically repeated effort to acquaint American physicians with the fact that the graduating diploma from the British medical schools is the Bachelor of Medicine, B.M. or M.B. in the Latin abbreviation. This is the exact equivalent of the American M.D. and does not denote inferior status. The M.D. can be earned as a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pathologic Anatomy Jackson Memorial Hospital Miami, Fla. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1967Volume 66, Issue 6Page: 1295-1295 Issue Published: 1 June 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
WHO urges east Asian countries to step up health spending
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The World Health Organization has called on countries to commit themselves to the goal of universal access to health care and to increase public spending on health to reduce the financial burden on individuals.

Since the launch of WHO’s health financing strategy for its Western Pacific region in September last year ( BMJ 2009;339:b3989, doi:10.1136/bmj.b3989), several countries in the region have made big steps towards universal coverage, but progress has been poor in others, with out of pocket costs still accounting for as much as 60% of medical expenditure in some Asian countries. 

“When the poor fall sick, the cost of treatment—if they can afford it at all—often …
PERCUTANEOUS INDUCED LEFT VENTRICLE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH RE-OPEN LAD IN A CLINICAL RELEVANT ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: Jin-Shen Li, Xinhua Yin, Nakamura Takamitsu, Pendyala K. Lakshmana, Irena Brants, Stephen Frohwein, Jack P. Chen, Nicolas Chronos, Robert Matheny, Dongming Hou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Sedation and preparation
Authors: A. Riphaus, T. Wehrmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Although many editorials for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy have been published over recent years, sedation and surveillance seems to be a topic for a never-ending story. Many recently published data have shown that sedation with short-acting propofol seems to be the ideal drug for endoscopic procedures, whether for diagnostic [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] or therapeutic [3] purposes, even in elderly high-risk patients [8], and is therefore recommended as the first choice in the currently published international guidelines [9] [10] [11]. Newer indications for the use of propofol have been investigated. In a recently published randomized controlled trial (RCT) the use of propofol was compared with midazolam for sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Results showed that the advantage of propofol lies in the avoidance of acute deterioration of minimal encephalopathy in these patients [12].
Short-term statin administration in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits resistant to postconditioning: effects on infarct size, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and nitro-oxidative stress
Authors: I. Andreadou, D. Farmakis, E. Prokovas, F. Sigala, A. Zoga, K. Spyridaki, A. Papalois, A. Papapetropoulos, M. Anastasiou-Nana, D. T. Kremastinos, E. K. Iliodromitis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

The effectiveness of postconditioning (POC) in hypercholesterolaemia is in dispute. We investigated the effects of 3-day lipophilc (simvastatin) or hydrophilic (pravastatin) statin treatment, without or with POC in normocholesterolaemic (Norm) and hypercholesterolaemic (Chol) rabbits. Norm or Chol rabbits were subjected to 30 min ischaemia and randomized in two series of 12 groups each: control, simvastatin (Sim), pravastatin (Prav), POC, Sim-POC, Prav-POC, Chol, Sim-Chol, Prav-Chol, POC-Chol, Sim-POC-Chol, Prav-POC-Chol. After ischaemia, rabbits of the first series underwent 3 h reperfusion, followed by infarct size, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein plasma level evaluation; animals of the second series underwent 10 min reperfusion followed by tissue sampling for nitrotyrosine (NT), malondialdehyde, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Akt analyses. N-nitro-l-arginine methylester (L-NAME) was given in two additional groups (POC-L-NAME and Prav-Chol-L-NAME) for infarct size assessment. All interventions reduced infarction in Norm (24.3 ± 1.3, 25.9 ± 2.8, 27.9 ± 3.1, 23.3 ± 2.3, and 33.4 ± 2.5%, in POC, Sim, Prav, Sim-POC, and Prav-POC groups, respectively, vs. 49.3 ± 1.9% in control, P < 0.05), but only Prav did so in Chol animals (25.7 ± 3.3 and 25.3 ± 3.9% in Prav-Chol and Prav-POC-Chol vs. 50.9 ± 1.7, 44.8 ± 4.3, 41.5 ± 3.5, and 49.3 ± 5.5% in Chol, Sim-Chol, POC-Chol, and Sim-POC-Chol, respectively, P < 0.05). L-NAME abolished the infarct size-limiting effect of POC and Prav-Chol. Prav induced the greatest reduction in NT, while it was the only intervention that increased myocardial eNOS and Akt in Chol rabbits (P < 0.05 vs. all others). Prav, in contrast to same-dose Sim or POC, reduces infarction in Chol rabbits independently of lipid lowering, potentially through eNOS activation and nitro-oxidative stress attenuation.
Risk factors for winter outbreak of acute diarrhoea in France: case-control study
Authors: L. Letrilliart, J.-C. Desenclos, A. Flahault
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To assess the potential role of consumption of shellfish (particularly raw oysters) and tap water in the winter epidemic of acute diarrhoea in France. <b>Design:</b> Population based, case-control study during the 1995–6 winter epidemic of acute diarrhoea in France. <b>Setting:</b> A national network comprising 1% of general practitioners in France. <b>Subjects:</b> 568 pairs of cases and controls consulting in general practice and interviewed by 209 doctors from 26 December 1995 to 31 January 1996. Cases and controls were matched for age, doctor, and time of consultation. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Adjusted relative risk of diarrhoea estimated from conditional logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> The risk of acute diarrhoea was not increased in people who had recently eaten raw oysters (odds ratio 1.1; 95% confidence interval 0.9% to 1.4%) or other shellfish such as clams, cockles, and mussels, or in those people who usually consumed tap rather than bottled water (0.8; 0.6% to 1.1%). The risk was, however, increased in people who had had recent contact with a person with diarrhoea, either within the household (adjusted odds ratio 5.0) or in the workplace (3.1), and in people who lived with a child ≤2 years of age (1.6). Recent treatment with either oral penicillin or cephalosporin was also independently associated with acute diarrhoea in winter. <b>Conclusions:</b> The winter epidemic of acute diarrhoea in France is probably not caused by consumption of either shellfish or tap water. A viral aetiology, however, is suggested by the speed with which the acute diarrhoea is transmitted. <h3>Key messages</h3> Acute diarrhoea has a strong seasonal pattern in France with a large outbreak starting regularly at the beginning of January and lasting about four to six weeks The results of this case-control study ruled out the consumption of shellfish and tap water as causes of the winter outbreak of acute diarrhoea in France ß-Lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins, were associated with the outbreak The speed with which acute diarrhoea is transmitted is compatible with a viral aetiology
Society and Drugs: Social and Cultural Observations; Students and Drugs: College and High School Observations
Authors: Marshall F. Gilula
Journal: JAMA (1970)

National hysteria as well as the real problem of increasing drug abuse manage to tax the experience and knowledge of nearly every practicing physician. Those who feel uneasy about their ability to handle drug problems will find this twovolume work comprehensive, erudite, and readable. Mind-altering drugs have become a social force as well as a social problem. To understand and deal with the problem, we need to know the social effects of psychoactive drugs. These volumes give the reader a broad working perspective by describing the "social use of psychoactive drugs, the correlates, background, and short-term consequence of that use, and the cultural, attitudinal, and interpersonal milieu in which sentiments and conduct focused on drugs arise and are expressed." <i>Society and Drugs</i>details the historical and cultural determinants of drug use. There are separate historical chapters on alcohol, opium, cannabis, tobacco, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Quality of the historical chapters alone
Robert Miles Frankel
Authors: C. Ramsden
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Robert Miles Frankel was born in Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, the first child of Eric (obituary at http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6773) and Constance Frankel. He spent most of his formative years in Wanstead, then in Essex, now an eastern suburb of London, and attended the Forest School. By his own admission, he did not apply himself to his studies and was often to be found badger watching in nearby Epping Forest, perfecting magic tricks or playing the guitar. Despite this, he gained a place at the London Hospital Medical College in east London.

His proudest moments at medical school relate to his satirical coverage of new consultant appointments in the medical school magazine, where he also published a new anatomical acronym (HNABL: head, neck, arms, body, legs). While a student, he developed an interest in one of east London’s most infamous characters, Jack the Ripper, and scoured the hospital archives for new details.

After an elective in St Finbarr’s Hospital in Cork, he graduated in 1967 and did his house jobs at Poplar Hospital for Accidents in London’s Docklands, an area he always declared was the best training ground he could have hoped for. This set him up for a life of work as a generalist …
Unrestricted women's sexuality or opportunism? Quasi-mathematical asides on Gangestad and Simpson's strategic female pluralism
Authors: Jim McKnight, Nigel Bond
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Women's mating strategies have typically been characterised as restrictive or coy. However, recent research on sociosexual behaviour suggests that the frequency of women's extra-pair copulations is a function of an unrestricted personality. While agreeing with the general thrust of Gangestad &amp; Simpson's strategic pluralism theory we suggest that it is more likely a matter of finely calculated reproductive opportunism.
Measles data are reliable
Authors: M. Ramsay, D. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A major challenge for hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries is to improve management of patients diagnosed with sepsis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Model as a strategy to implement a managed sepsis protocol aimed at reducing sepsis mortality. We performed a longitudinal, prospective, non-randomised study using PDSA cycles for translating and implementing improvement actions and tools. Baseline case mortality/case fatality data were collected, and compliance rates were evaluated according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines (3-hour care-bundle). Sepsis multidisciplinary work teams were designated and were responsible to develop Driver Diagrams and implement process changes in the intensive care unit, wards and emergency department. Satisfaction levels of healthcare professionals were assessed (balance variables). The study was carried out in a public quaternary hospital, in São Paulo city, Brazil (Hospital Municipal da Vila Santa Catarina). The number of patients with sepsis studied was 416 who were followed over a 15-month period. The data analyses were carried out by statistical process control. Case fatality rates were kept below a prespecified target of 25% (15.9%) during the period. Satisfaction level of the participating staff was high (95.2%) and 71% of participants reported no work overload. The IHI model was found to be a feasible and useful strategy for implementing a sepsis management clinical protocol.
Reply to Ole Øyen and Per F. Pfeffer’s Letter to the Editor re: Antonio Rosales, José T. Salvador, Guillermo Urdaneta, et al. Laparoscopic Kidney Transplantation. Eur Urol 2010;57:164–7
Authors: Antonio Rosales, José T. Salvador, Guillermo Urdaneta, Dyler Patiño, María Montlleó, Salvador Esquena, Jorge Caffaratti, Javier Ponce de León, Luis Guirado, Humberto Villavicencio
Journal: European Urology (2010)