tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sudden Death in Young Adults: A 25-Year Review of Autopsies in Military Recruits
Authors: Robert E. Eckart, Stephanie L. Scoville, Charles L. Campbell, Eric A. Shry, Karl C. Stajduhar, Robert N. Potter, Lisa A. Pearse, Renu Virmani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Sudden death among military recruits is a rare but devastating occurrence. Because extensive medical data are available on this cross-sectional and diverse population, identification of the underlying causes of sudden death may promote health care policy to reduce the incidence of sudden death.To determine the causes of nontraumatic sudden death among a cohort of military recruits.Retrospective cohort study using demographic and autopsy data from the Department of Defense Recruit Mortality Registry.Basic military training.All nontraumatic sudden deaths from a monitored 6.3 million men and women age 18 to 35 years.Descriptive analysis, crude mortality rates of causes of sudden death, and frequency of events as a function of cause of death.Of 126 nontraumatic sudden deaths (rate, 13.0/100,000 recruit-years), 108 (86%) were related to exercise. The most common cause of sudden death was an identifiable cardiac abnormality (64 of 126 recruits [51%]); however, a substantial number of deaths remained unexplained (44 of 126 recruits [35%]). The predominant structural cardiac abnormalities were coronary artery abnormalities (39 of 64 recruits [61%]), myocarditis (13 of 64 recruits [20%]), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (8 of 64 recruits [13%]). An anomalous coronary artery accounted for one third (21 of 64 recruits) of the cases in this cohort, and, in each, the left coronary artery arose from the right (anterior) sinus of Valsalva, coursing between the pulmonary artery and aorta.This cohort underwent a preenlistment screening program that included history and physical examination; this may have altered outcomes.Cardiac abnormalities are the leading identifiable cause of sudden death among military recruits; however, more than one third of sudden deaths remain unexplained after detailed medical investigation.
Civilian Casualties in Vietnam
Authors: DONALD H. KUIPER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1971Civilian Casualties in VietnamDONALD H. KUIPER, M.D., F.A.C.P.DONALD H. KUIPER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-324_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: After reading Mr. Vastyan's article, "Civilian War Casualties and Medical Care in South Vietnam" (Ann Intern Med74:611-624, 1971), I feel it necessary to react in order to set this matter in perspective. Throughout the paper numerous references are made to the apparent lack of response to civilian health needs by the Department of Defense personnel (physicians). At the risk of sounding callous, I find it unacceptable to draft physicians to serve in this most unpopular war for purposes other than providing medical support for the fighting troops. When a physician is forced by the military to...References1. : Field Manuel 27-10: The Law of Land Warfare. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1965 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Michigan State University E. Lansing, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1971Volume 75, Issue 2Page: 324-325KeywordsArmed forces Issue Published: 1 August 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mucinous Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Morphological Change from Polypoid to Depressed Lesion within a Short Period
Authors: C. B. Ryu, J. Y. Cho, J. S. Lee, M. S. Lee, S. Y. Jin, C. S. Shim
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A 55-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with epigastric discomfort and generalized weakness of 2 months’ duration. On physical examination there was a mass on palpation in the thyroid area. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (Figure [1]) revealed a polypoid lesion on the lesser curvature of the antrum. At 2 weeks later, when we performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy (Figure [2]) for polypectomy, we found a depressed lesion where previously the polypoid lesion had been located. Histopathological evaluation of the endoscopic biopsy specimen disclosed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a hypoechoic mucosal thickening with an internal anechoic cystic area in the lateral margin of the lesion. Because the patient refused operation, endoscopic mucosal resection was carried out. Histopathological evaluation of the endoscopic mucosal resection specimen (magnification × 200) disclosed mucin pools including a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma which invaded the muscularis mucosa and a considerable part of the submucosa. Although she was scheduled to return for operation 2 months later, we were not able to follow up this patient any further.
Commentaries on the end of year editorial on the definition of ischaemia in last December's issue
Authors: M. Tani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Commentaries on the end of year editorial on the definition of ischaemia in last December's issue Get access Masato Tani, Dr Masato Tani, Dr Department of Geriatric Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 2, February 1995, Pages 281–282, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)90001-2 Published: 01 February 1995
Mantle cell lymphoma in the Chinese: Clinicopathological features and treatment outcome
Authors: C. S. Chim, A.C. L. Chan, C. K. Choo, Y. L. Kwong, A.K. W. Lie, Raymond Liang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We report the clinical, molecular, and immunohistological findings of 20 Chinese patients with mantle cell lymphoma diagnosed over a 10-year period. The disease affected mainly elderly patients (median age, 65.5 years) with a male predominance (M/F, 3/1). Eighty percent presented with advanced stage III/IV disease but only 25% had B symptoms. Eighty-five percent had extranodal disease at presentation. Complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) were achieved in 45% and 40% of the patients, respectively. There was no difference in the CR rate for patients treated with anthracycline-containing or nonanthracycline-containing regimens (43% and 50%, P = 0.67). Disease progression or relapse was observed after a median of 26 months in patients who initially responded to treatment. Extranodal relapse occurred in the central nervous system (n = 1), bone marrow (n = 1), pleura (n = 2), orbit (n = 2), and the gastrointestinal tract (n = 3). The median overall survival (OS) was 52 months but there were no long-term survivors. This was not different from the median OS of 53 months of patients with diffuse large cell (DLC) lymphoma treated in the same center over the same period (log rank, P = 0.76). Of the 12 patients who were tested for bcl-1 rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), five (42%) were positive for rearrangement in the major translocation cluster (MTC) region. The median OS rates were 45 months and 63 months for PCR positive and negative patients, respectively (P = 0.97). In conclusion, MCL is a disease mainly of the elderly in the Chinese with a male predominance and most had advanced-stage disease and extranodal involvement at presentation. Clinicopathologic features and treatment outcome were similar to Caucasian patients, in that the disease combined the aggressive nature of DLC lymphoma and the incurability of low-grade lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol. 59:295–301, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Review of Carotid Cavernous Fistula Including Diagnosis and Evaluation by Nuclear Medicine Angiography
Authors: PHILIP MATIN, REX B. SHAFER, TIMOTHY E. TULLY, DAVID A. GOODWIN, DONOVAN B. REINKE, MARIO p. PLIEGO, SOM N. NAYYAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

The various causes and differential diagnosis of carotid cavernous fistula are discussed as well as the description of the use of radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with carotid cavernous fistulas. Radionuclide angiography has proven extremely useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with carotid cavernous fistulas. The procedure is of maximum benefit in situations where repeat studies are required at frequent intervals. Five cases are described in which the nuclear medicine technique was instrumental in primary diagnosis and follow-up.
Biotinylated thermoresponsive micelle self-assembled from double-hydrophilic block copolymer for drug delivery and tumor target
Authors: Cheng Cheng, Hua Wei, Bao-Xian Shi, Han Cheng, Cao Li, Zhong-Wei Gu, Si-Xue Cheng, Xian-Zheng Zhang, Ren-Xi Zhuo
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A
Authors: Laura N. Vandenberg, Ibrahim Chahoud, Jerrold J. Heindel, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Francisco J.R. Paumgartten, Gilbert Schoenfelder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. Importantly, results from a large number of biomonitoring studies are at odds with the results from two toxicokinetic studies.We examined several possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies could come to seemingly conflicting conclusions.We examined > 80 published human biomonitoring studies that measured BPA concentrations in human tissues, urine, blood, and other fluids, along with two toxicokinetic studies of human BPA metabolism.The > 80 biomonitoring studies examined included measurements in thousands of individuals from several different countries, and these studies overwhelmingly detected BPA in individual adults, adolescents, and children. Unconjugated BPA was routinely detected in blood (in the nanograms per milliliter range), and conjugated BPA was routinely detected in the vast majority of urine samples (also in the nanograms per milliliter range). In stark contrast, toxicokinetic studies proposed that humans are not internally exposed to BPA. Some regulatory agencies have relied solely on these toxicokinetic models in their risk assessments.Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes.
Insufficient Stocking of Poisoning Antidotes in Hospital Pharmacies
Authors: Richard C. Dart
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether antidotes for poisoning and overdose are available in hospitals that provide emergency department care. <h3>Design.</h3> —Written survey of hospital pharmacy directors, each of whom reported the amount currently in stock of 8 different antidotes: antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent, cyanide kit, deferoxamine mesylate, digoxin immune Fab, ethanol, naloxone hydrochloride, pralidoxime chloride, and pyridoxine hydrochloride. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Pharmacy directors of all hospitals with emergency departments in Colorado, Montana, and Nevada. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Proportions of hospitals with insufficient stocking of each antidote, defined as complete lack of the antidote or an amount inadequate to initiate treatment of 1 seriously poisoned 70-kg patient. <h3>Results.</h3> —Questionnaires were mailed to 137 hospital pharmacy directors and 108 (79%) responded. Only 1 (0.9%) of the 108 hospitals stocked all 8 antidotes in adequate amounts. The rate of insufficient stocking for individual antidotes ranged from 2% (for naloxone) to 98% (for digoxin immune Fab). In a multiple regression analysis, smaller hospital size and lack of a formal review of antidote stocking were independent predictors of the number of antidotes stocked insufficiently. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Insufficient stocking of antidotes is a widespread problem in Colorado, Montana, and Nevada. Although these states are served by a certified regional poison center, potentially lifesaving antidotes are frequently not available when and where they might be needed to treat a single poisoned patient.
Perivalvular Abscess Complicating Infective Endocarditis: Complementary Role of Echocardiography and Indium-111-Labeled Leukocytes
Authors: RICHARD J. CAMPEAU, CHRISTOPHER INGRAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 49-year-old black man with hypertension-induced chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis and a history of arteriovenous access graft infection was admitted with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis, dyspnea, and periincisional erythema over his arteriovenous graft fistula. Results of a transthoracic echo demonstrated aortic sclerosis and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Results of a whole-body In-111 white cell (WBC) scan were negative over the arteriovenous graft site; however, an intense abnormal focus of labeled WBCs was evident to the left of the sternum. A subsequent transesophageal echocardiogram showed a mixed cystic-solid calcified mass adjacent the left aortic cusp. Surgery confirmed a perivalvular abscess. As a whole-body imaging modality, the In-111 WBC scintigram indicated the true location of the infectious process responsible for the patient's sepsis. The combination of echocardiography and radiolabeled WBC imaging increases sensitivity for detection of endocarditis/perivalvular abscess. Radiolabeled WBC imaging is more efficacious for monitoring therapy because the echocardiogram often does not change with treatment of endocarditis/perivalvular abscess.
Glandular mast cells with distinct phenotype are highly elevated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Tetsuji Takabayashi, Atsushi Kato, Anju T. Peters, Lydia A. Suh, Roderick Carter, James Norton, Leslie C. Grammer, Bruce K. Tan, Rakesh K. Chandra, David B. Conley, Robert C. Kern, Shigeharu Fujieda, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Prospective comparison of a conventional and an accelerated protocol for programmed ventricular stimulation in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: F Morady, A Kadish, M de Buitleir, W H Kou, H Calkins, S Schmaltz, S Rosenheck, J Sousa
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND This study compared the sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of a "conventional" and "accelerated" programmed stimulation protocol in 293 patients with coronary artery disease who had a history of sustained or nonsustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). METHODS AND RESULTS In the conventional protocol, one and two extrastimuli were introduced during sinus rhythm and during basic drive trains at cycle lengths of 600 and 400 msec at the right ventricular apex and then at the outflow tract or septum. In the accelerated protocol, one, two, and then three extrastimuli were introduced at each of three basic drive train cycle lengths (350, 400, and 600 msec) at the right ventricular apex; the procedure was repeated at a second right ventricular site. Six hundred thirty-four electrophysiological tests were performed using one of these two protocols either in the baseline state (293 tests) or during drug testing (341 tests). The yield of sustained, monomorphic VT was 89% with the conventional protocol and 92% with the accelerated protocol during baseline tests in patients who had a history of sustained VT (p = 0.05); 20% and 34%, respectively, during baseline tests in patients with a history of nonsustained VT (p = 0.06); and 70% and 77%, respectively, during drug testing (p = 0.2). To induce sustained, monomorphic VT, 10.1 +/- 5.0 (mean +/- SD) protocol steps and 14.4 +/- 8.7 minutes were required with the conventional protocol, compared with 4.0 +/- 3.7 steps and 5.6 +/- 6.1 minutes with the accelerated protocol (p less than 0.001 for each comparison). Among the tests in which sustained, monomorphic VT was induced, sustained polymorphic VT or ventricular fibrillation was induced more often with the conventional protocol (3.6%) than with the accelerated protocol (0.9%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The efficiency of programmed stimulation can be improved by the early use of a basic drive train cycle length of 350 msec and three extrastimuli. Compared with a conventional stimulation protocol, the accelerated protocol used in this study reduces the number of protocol steps and duration of time required to induce monomorphic VT by an average of more than 50% and improves the specificity of programmed stimulation without impairing the yield of monomorphic VT.
The Hypocholesterolemic Effects of β-Glucan in Oatmeal and Oat Bran
Authors: Michael H. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Oat cereals rich in the water-soluble fiber beta-glucan have been studied as a dietary therapy for hypercholesterolemia. To determine the hypocholesterolemic response of beta-glucan in the diet, 156 adults with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels above 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) or between 3.37 and 4.14 mmol/L (130 and 160 mg/dL) with multiple risk factors were randomized to one of seven groups. Six groups received either oatmeal or oat bran at doses (dry weight) of 28 g (1 oz), 56 g (2 oz), and 84 g (3 oz). A seventh group received 28 g of farina (beta-glucan control). At week 6 of treatment, significant differences were found for both total cholesterol and LDL-C levels among the farina control and the treatment groups who were receiving 84 g of oatmeal, 56 g of oat bran, and 84 g of oat bran, with decreases in LDL-C levels of 10.1%, 15.9%, and 11.5%, respectively. Fifty-six grams of oat bran resulted in significantly greater reductions in LDL-C levels than 56 g of oatmeal. Nutrient analysis shows no difference in dietary fat content between these treatment groups; therefore, the higher beta-glucan content of oat bran most likely explains the significantly greater LDL-C reductions. A dose-dependent reduction in LDL-C levels with oat cereals supports the independent hypocholesterolemic effects of beta-glucan.
A Gene Expression Signature that Can Predict Green Tea Exposure and Chemopreventive Efficacy of Lung Cancer in Mice
Authors: Yan Lu, Ruisheng Yao, Ying Yan, Yian Wang, Yukihiko Hara, Ronald A. Lubet, Ming You
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Green tea has been shown to be a potent chemopreventive agent against lung tumorigenesis in animal models. Previously, we found that treatment of A/J mice with either green tea (0.6% in water) or a defined green tea catechin extract (polyphenon E; 2.0 g/kg in diet) inhibited lung tumor tumorigenesis. Here, we described expression profiling of lung tissues derived from these studies to determine the gene expression signature that can predict the exposure and efficacy of green tea in mice. We first profiled global gene expressions in normal lungs versus lung tumors to determine genes which might be associated with the tumorigenic process (TUM genes). Gene expression in control tumors and green tea-treated tumors (either green tea or polyphenon E) were compared to determine those TUM genes whose expression levels in green tea-treated tumors returned to levels seen in normal lungs. We established a 17-gene expression profile specific for exposure to effective doses of either green tea or polyphenon E. This gene expression signature was altered both in normal lungs and lung adenomas when mice were exposed to green tea or polyphenon E. These experiments identified patterns of gene expressions that both offer clues for green tea's potential mechanisms of action and provide a molecular signature specific for green tea exposure.
Angiocardiography
Authors: Stanley M. Wyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

SURGICAL exploration of the mediastinum today can be accomplished with minimal risk, and yet a certain mortality and morbidity are inherent in the procedure. For this reason, the advantage of being able to determine without exploration the nature of a radiographic shadow in the mediastinum is apparent. If the shadow in question represents a vessel no corrective procedure may be needed, or surgery may be contraindicated because of the danger of injury to a vascular structure. Conversely, if a mediastinal mass is shown to be separate from the vascular system its nature can be identified only by histologic examination.History . . .
Managing Chronic Atrial Fibrillation: A Markov Decision Analysis Comparing Warfarin, Quinidine, and Low-Dose Amiodarone
Authors: Dennis L. Disch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To compare the relative risks and benefits of several clinical strategies for managing patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Design: Five recent randomized, controlled trials of warfarin in atrial fibrillation, 6 randomized, controlled trials of quinidine, and 13 longitudinal studies of low-dose amiodarone were used. A MEDLINE search was also done (1966 to present). Measurements: A Markov decision analysis model was used to assess outcomes in large, hypothetical cohorts of patients with atrial fibrillation followed from 65 to 70 years of age within four clinical strategies: 1) no treatment; 2) warfarin; 3) electrical cardioversion followed by quinidine to maintain normal sinus rhythm; and 4) electrical cardioversion followed by low-dose amiodarone. Results: In this hypothetical cohort, fewer patients had disabling events with amiodarone (1.4%) than with quinidine (1.8%), warfarin (2.6%), or no treatment (7.4%). Amiodarone appeared to be associated with the lowest 5-year mortality (13.6%) when compared with warfarin (14.4%), quinidine (15.2%), and no treatment (18.2%). In terms of quality-adjusted life-years, amiodarone had the highest expected value (4.75 years), followed by warfarin (4.72 years), quinidine (4.68 years), and no treatment (4.55 years). Amiodarone remained the preferred strategy using the most plausible scenarios of risks associated with atrial fibrillation. Choices among warfarin, quinidine, and no treatment depended on estimates of bleeding rates with warfarin, stroke rates after discontinuing warfarin, quinidine-related mortality, and the quality of life with warfarin. Conclusion: Cardioversion followed by low-dose amiodarone to maintain normal sinus rhythm appears to be a relatively safe and effective treatment for patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
Electrical stimulation of bone growth wins clinical acceptance
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The use of electrotherapy to stimulate bone growth in the treatment of nonunited fractures, failed surgical fusions, and congenital pseudoarthroses, long an experimental procedure, has finally come of age. As was evident from the intense interest in the technique at the recent meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery in Atlanta, the proponents of the technique need no longer endure the scorn of colleagues. "To put it bluntly," says Carl T. Brighton, MD, PhD, professor and chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, "electricity works. There is a growing interest in this technique. We are just beginning to realize the tremendous promise it holds." Adds C. Andrew L. Bassett, MD, professor of orthopedic surgery at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, "It is inevitable that slowly but surely there will be less and less bone grafting for