tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prolonged sitting increases risk of serious illness and death regardless of exercise, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Prolonged sitting is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, regardless of physical activity levels, a systematic review has shown. It recommended that people who think that they exercise enough should be made more aware of the dangers of sitting for long periods.

Current Canadian guidelines recommend that adults take 150 minutes of physical exercise a week in bouts of at least 10 minutes to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. But …
Consuming—Not Avoiding—Peanuts Leads to Fewer Peanut Allergies in Kids
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

High-risk children who consumed peanut products from infancy until they were 5 years old were significantly less likely to develop a peanut allergy than those who avoided peanuts, according to the LEAP randomized trial (Du Toit G et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372[9]:803-813).
So-Called Synthetics and Ethical Nostrums.
Authors: Wm. J. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1904)

New York City, May 1, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 28, there appears a letter from Dr. Summers of the Organic Chemical Company, formerly the Liberty Chemical Company. The letter hardly requires an answer. Still a few remarks may help to throw some light on the entire patent nostrum controversy. Dr. Summers asks the question: If his thermol is nothing but impure acetphenetidin, how did he obtain a patent on it? Dr. Summers did not obtain a patent on thermol. He obtained a patent on acet-salicyl-phenetidin; in the patent the word thermol is not mentioned. The company tries to give the impression that thermol is acet-salicyl-phenetidin, but it will be noticed that on the thermol boxes the name acet-salicyl-phenetidin does not appear, and as a matter of fact the product for which a patent was obtaned and thermol are two different substances! I present one proof which
Heparin-Induced Spinal Fractures
Authors: James W. Squires
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A 27-year-old woman received heparin sodium for 152 days because of antepartum iliofemoral thrombophlebitis. At the end of this time, spinal osteoporosis and multiple vertebral fractures became clinically evident and were attributed to the prolonged administration of heparin. Previously reported cases of "heparin osteoporosis" were reviewed. The significance of the daily dose of heparin and the duration of therapy are reemphasized. This therapeutic complication and the management of antepartum iliofemoral thrombophlebitis are discussed. Prolonged administration of heparin in daily doses exceeding 10,000 units is potentially hazardous. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2417-2418, 1979)
The Importance of Supporting Autonomy in Medical Education
Authors: Geoffrey C. Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Many thoughtful leaders in medicine have asserted their belief that when physicians are more humanistic in their interactions with patients, their patients have more positive health outcomes.Consequently, many advocates have called for the practice of teaching students and residents to provide more humanistically oriented care. This article reviews research from motivational psychology, guided by self-determination theory, that suggests that when medical educators are more humanistic in their training of students, the students become more humanistic in their care of patients. Being humanistic in medical education can be achieved through support of the autonomy of students. Autonomy support means working from the students' perspectives to promote their active engagement and sense of volition with respect to learning. Research suggests that when educators are more supportive of student autonomy, students not only display a more humanistic orientation toward patients but also show greater conceptual understanding and better psychological adjustment.
Hypoxia in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: T. T. Chapman, D. T. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1967)

of Poupart's ligament, yet they do not make the body incorrectly constructed here too, and Poupart's ligament a cause of femoral throm- bosis.Furthermore, the artery-vein crossing does not explain the great number of cases of ilio-femoral thrombosis that present on the right side.Thus it could be inferred that in a woman with white leg of pregnancy on the left side the main cause may well be a hostile iliac artery, whereas in one with white leg on the right side the main cause is almost certainly something else.
Tumor suppression induced by intratumor administration of adenovirus vector expressing NK4, a 4-kringle antagonist of hepatocyte growth factor, and naive dendritic cells
Authors: Toshiaki Kikuchi, Makoto Maemondo, Koh Narumi, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Toshihiro Nukiwa
Journal: Blood (2002)
Pelvic Lesion Simulated by Asymmetric Marrow Uptake Following Umbilical Artery Injection of Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid
Authors: LINDA VACHON, PATRICK COLLETTI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

There is avid first-pass extraction of Tc-99m sulfur colloid by bone marrow. This factor must be considered when injection of the isotope is made via an unusual route. Tc-99m sulfur colloid was injected via an umbilical artery catheter into an infant's left iliac artery, causing marked marrow uptake in the left pelvis. The paucity of uptake on the right side of the pelvis simulated metastatic replacement of the marrow. A repeat study done via the jugular vein demonstrated no abnormalities of pelvic marrow uptake.
All Pleural Effusions Are Not Created Equal
Authors: KEVIN DUWE, ALEXANDER KHANDJI, CHARLES RIEDEL, RASHID FAWWAZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Pleural effusions have a multitude of causes. There are few instances when nuclear medicine has a direct role in establishing the cause. One includes the development of a thecal-pleural fistula. Generally, computed tomographic myelography has largely supplanted radionuclide cisternography to demonstrate these fistulae. However, in cases of intermittent or small cerebrospinal fluid leaks, radionuclide cisternography can be helpful in identifying these defects because of its greater visibility within the pleural space. The authors report a case of a thecal-pleural fistula after a remote thoracoscopic discectomy diagnosed with Tc-99m DPTA cisternography and computed tomographic myelography.
Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in Histiocytosis X
Authors: MURIEL FARTOUKH, MARC HUMBERT, FRÉDÉRIQUE CAPRON, SOPHIE MAÎTRE, FLORENCE PARENT, CATHERINE LE GALL, OLIVIER SITBON, PHILIPPE HERVÉ, PIERRE DUROUX, GÉRALD SIMONNEAU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Diminished exercise capacity in advanced pulmonary histiocytosis X does not appear to be related to ventilatory limitation but may be related to pulmonary vascular dysfunction. Pulmonary hemodynamics and respiratory function were studied in 21 consecutive patients with advanced pulmonary histiocytosis X, and compared with parameters of patients with other severe chronic lung diseases (29 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 14 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). All patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X displayed severe pulmonary hypertension: mean pulmonary arterial pressure, 59 ± 4 mm Hg; cardiac index, 2.6 ± 0.8 L/min/m2; and total vascular pulmonary resistance, 25 ± 3 IU/m2 (p < 0.05, as compared with patients with other chronic lung diseases). PaO2 was similar in the three groups, whereas FEV1 was lower in patients with other chronic lung diseases (p < 0.05). In contrast to other chronic lung diseases, the degree of pulmonary hypertension was not related to variables of pulmonary function in pulmonary histiocytosis X. Histopathology was available for 12 patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X and revealed proliferative vasculopathy involving muscular arteries and veins, with prominent venular involvement. Two consecutive lung samples (taken before and after the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension) were available for six patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X, and showed that pulmonary vasculopathy worsened, whereas parenchymal and bronchiolar lesions remained relatively unchanged. These results indicate that pulmonary hypertension in pulmonary histiocytosis X might be related to an intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease, in which the pulmonary circulation is involved independent of small airway and lung parenchyma injury. Fartoukh M, Humbert M, Capron F, Maı̂tre S, Parent F, Le Gall C, Sitbon O, Hervé P, Duroux P, Simonneau G. Severe pulmonary hypertension in histiocytosis X.
TGR5 reduces macrophage migration through mTOR-induced C/EBPβ differential translation
Authors: Alessia Perino, Thijs Willem Hendrik Pols, Mitsunori Nomura, Sokrates Stein, Roberto Pellicciari, Kristina Schoonjans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The bile acid–responsive G protein–coupled receptor TGR5 is involved in several metabolic processes, and recent studies suggest that TGR5 activation may promote pathways that are protective against diet-induced diabetes. Here, we investigated the role of macrophage-specific TGR5 signaling in protecting adipose tissue from inflammation and associated insulin resistance. Examination of adipose tissue from obese mice lacking macrophage Tgr5 revealed enhanced inflammation, increased chemokine expression, and higher macrophage numbers compared with control obese animals. Moreover, macrophage-specific deletion of Tgr5 exacerbated insulin resistance in obese animals. Conversely, pharmacological activation of TGR5 markedly decreased LPS-induced chemokine expression in primary macrophages. This reduction was mediated by AKT-dependent activation of mTOR complex 1, which in turn induced the differential translation of the dominant-negative C/EBPβ isoform, liver inhibitory protein (LIP). Overall, these studies reveal a signaling pathway downstream of TGR5 that modulates chemokine expression in response to high-fat diet and suggest that targeting this pathway has the potential to be therapeutically exploited for prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Connotations of 'Hispanic'-Reply
Authors: Edmund L. Dubois
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  Use of the term Hispanic in our classification of races of patients with lupus was only a means of dividing the patient population. Obviously, in southern California the term refers primarily to Mexican-Americans, and this is the group that we were considering. I realize that the use of any so-called racial subdivision creates problems and is often incorrect, but we wanted a means of separating the patient population into different groups.
THE TREATMENT OF BLENNORRHŒA NEONATORUM.Read before the Illinois State Medical Society, May, 1893.
Authors: BOERNE BETTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

When we consider that from 20 to 40 per cent. of our blind must attribute their affliction to blennorrhœa neonatorum, we are forced to admit one of two things: Either the treatment is not understood or it is not intelligently carried out by a great number of physicians. Our medical journals during the last decade teem with articles devoted to curative and prophylactic measures of this disease. Every physician at this date has been sufficiently impressed with the importance of employing preventive treatment and of the gravity of blennorrhoea neonatorum. Notwithstanding these long continued and oft repeated instructions as to the method of treatment, numerous children are still deprived of their vision. Many cases of blennorrhoea are lost. I have lately seen, in consultation at my office, about a dozen babies where one or both corneæ were destroyed when brought to my notice. An analysis of these and numerous other
High prevalence of esophageal involvement in lichen planus: a study using magnification chromoendoscopy
Authors: R. Quispel, O. van Boxel, M. Schipper, V. Sigurdsson, M. Canninga-van Dijk, A. Kerckhoffs, A. Smout, M. Samsom, M. Schwartz
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de R. Quispel et al., pp. 187Endoscopy 2009; 41(03): 387-387DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306764
Knockout of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Gene Results in Neonatal Death and Supersensitivity to Cocaine and Amphetamine
Authors: Yan-Min Wang, Raul R Gainetdinov, Fabio Fumagalli, Fei Xu, Sara R Jones, Cheryl B Bock, Gary W Miller, R.Mark Wightman, Marc G Caron
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Does anyone survive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? A nationwide study re-evaluating the data of the Finnish Cancer Registry
Authors: M Carpelan-Holmstrom
Journal: Gut (2005)

Worldwide survival data for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas are the lowest among the 60 most frequent types of organ cancers. Hence published data on long time survivors of this disease are controversial. We performed a nationwide study comprising all Finnish patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the period 1990-1996 who survived for at least five years after diagnosis.Data on patients registered as five year survivors of pancreatic cancer were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and Statistics Finland. Slides or paraffin blocks were collected from patients recorded as having histologically proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and were re-evaluated in a double blind fashion by three pathologists with special expertise in pancreatic pathology.Between 1990 and 1996, the Finnish Cancer Registry recorded 4922 pancreatic cancer patients, 89 of whom survived for at least five years. Reviewing this series of patients revealed 45 (49%) non-PDACs and 18 cases without histological verification. In 26 patients recorded as having histologically proven PDAC, re-evaluation of histological specimens confirmed PDAC in only 10 patients.This study indicates that (1) the prognosis of PDAC remains poor and (2) careful histopathological review of all patients with pancreatic cancer is mandatory if survival data are to be meaningful.
Spinal decompression sickness with delayed onset, delayed treatment, and full recovery.
Authors: P Halpern, A Greenstein, Y Melamed, J Y Margulies, G C Robin
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Decompression sickness iscaused bynitrogen bubbles formed inthe bodyofdivers andpeople working withcompressed airwholeave a compressed environment toofast. The bubbles mostcommonly afflict thejoints, skin, brain, spinal cord, andlungs. Decompression sickness, ifuntreated, maycause permanent functional damageandis potentially fatal. We report anunusual case ofdecompression sickness affecting thebrain andspinal cordinwhichneurological symptoms andsigns first appeared five hoursafter thedive. Symptomswere partially relieved byoxygen, dextran 40,anddexamethasone but disappeared fully onlyduring hyperbaric treatment. Casereport A 20-year-old healthy malediver workedat20metres for40minutes and ascended withonethree-minute decompression stopatthreemetres. Two hourslater hecomplained ofheadache, sorethroat, andmalaise, andfive hourslater ofpainintheleft kneeandleft elbow, headache, andconfusion. Onexamination histemperature was385°Candamildfollicular tonsilitis wasfound. Therewerenoother abnormalities. Twohourslater sensory loss intheright thigh, mildparaparesis, andloss ofsensation aroundtheanus developed. Hereceived 20mgdexamethasone intravenously, 500mldextran 40,andsodiumlactate (Hartmann's solution); oxygenwasgiven bymask. Twohourslater hewasadmitted totheIsraeli NavalHyperbaric Institute fully conscious andco-operative butusxable tostand. Neurological examinationshowedhypoaestbesia intheL3dermatome ontheright, patellar reflex weakbilaterally, Achilles reflex normal bilaterally, abdominal reflexes missing, andsevere paraparesis. Laboratory findings werenormal, aswerefindings on chestandspinal radiography andelectrocardiography. He wasputintoa recompression chamberandcompressed to18metresbreathing 100% oxygen(according toUS Navytable No 6,(figure)). After 35minutes he showedsignsofimprovement. Afterthreehours20minutesatadepth equivalent toninemetres neurological examination showed noabnormalities.
99mTc Disphosphonate Uptake Due to Splenosis
Authors: Giorgio Baldari, Alessandro Sindoni, Alice Belletti, Sergio Baldari, Livia Ruffini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 72-year-old man was referred for a triphasic bone scintigraphy to evaluate painful prosthetic implant of the knee. In all the study phases, images showed abnormal uptake close to the tibial portion of the implant. Interestingly, later whole-body images revealed high radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the left hypochondrium. Subsequent radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy confirmed radiotracer accumulation in the same localizations. As an important background the patient underwent splenectomy owing to Banti syndrome 60 years earlier. A 99mTc-labeled heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy was then performed, which confirmed radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the left hypochondrium being consistent with splenosis.
Ending End-of-Life Phobia — A Prescription for Enlightened Health Care Reform
Authors: Benjamin W Corn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Reform is coming to U.S. health care. A sense of urgency regarding the redesign of policies prevailed well before Barack Obama was elected president under the banner of change. A debate is now raging over a wide span of topics, including prescription plans, physician reimbursement, and solutions for the medical liability problem. But thought leaders have been remarkably reticent with respect to one aspect of the health care system: end-of-life care. Given that patients with terminal illness require a disproportionate concentration of expenditures, the silence is deafening. Sure, the summer's controversy over “death panels” provided fodder for late-night comedians, but . . .
LEFT VENTRICULAR NON-COMPACTION ASSESSED BY CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: Daniel Zakhary, Boshra Louka, Christine King, Abdul Moiz Hafiz, Jonathan Kahan, Melissa Fazzari, Joshua DeLeon, Kevin Marzo, Juan Gaztanaga, Joseph Germano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Large and Small Artery Occlusion in Diabetics and Nondiabetics with Severe Vascular Disease
Authors: MARGARET C. CONARD
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Casts were made of the vascular lumen of 20 successive extremities amputated for gangrene. Half of the patients were diabetic. All nondiabetics had arteriosclerotic vascular disease plus acute occlusion. Only one diabetic had an acute episode. There was no significant difference in age, blood pressure, or digital blood flow between the two groups. Diabetics had somewhat greater occlusion of the calf vessels and less occlusion in the foot than nondiabetics; the overall extent of large artery occlusion was equal in the two groups. There was no increase in small vessel occlusion with diabetes. Small vessel occlusions were present in all areas of muscle and skin examined. The findings indicate that: (1) very extensive occlusion must be present to result in necrosis; (2) in nondiabetics, amputation was required only when sudden occlusion was superimposed on previous occlusive disease; (3) both large and small vessels are occluded to about the same extent in diabetics and nondiabetics when amputation is required, and (4) either diabetes or sudden occlusion in conjunction with chronic vascular disease can result in insufficient collateral flow and subsequent death of tissues.
The Disappearance of Reye's Syndrome — A Public Health Triumph
Authors: Arnold S. Monto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Today, few young parents in the United States recognize the name Reye's syndrome or react strongly to it. A short time ago the response was far different. In the 1970s and 1980s, Reye's syndrome was feared by parents in a way that was reminiscent of the fear of poliomyelitis before the introduction of vaccine. Like polio, Reye's syndrome occurred mainly in children, in clusters of cases over limited periods and in limited geographic areas, generating headlines in local newspapers. Both could produce death or permanent disability. However, paralytic polio was easily recognized clinically and was associated with a specific virus. . . .
Cold–Hot Mismatch Between Tc-99m HMPAO–Labeled Leukocytes and Tc-99m Ciprofloxacin in Axial Skeleton Infections
Authors: HORACIO AMARAL, BARBARA MORALES, ROSSANA PRUZZO, KEITH E. BRITTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy is a well-established technique for the diagnosis of inflammation and infection with a typical presentation of a hot spot within the abnormal areas. However, in some cases of osteomyelitis of the axial skeleton, a cold defect pattern has been described. Tc-99m ciprofloxacin is a new agent claimed to be specific for imaging sites containing viable bacteria. In this report, we present three cases of proved bacterial infection of the axial skeleton with a mismatch pattern between Tc-99m ciprofloxin and tagged leukocytes. Although Tc-99m–labeled leukocyte scanning showed a cold defect, probably caused by bone marrow replacement, the Tc-99m ciprofloxacin consecutively revealed a hot spot at the site of infection. These data suggest that Tc-99m ciprofloxacin should be a better agent than radiolabeled leukocytes for detecting osteomyelitis of the axial skeleton.
THROMBOSIS OF THE PENIS AND URETHRAL HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: C. Morson
Journal: BMJ (1934)

rJTHIBRITuSH 249The average time taken to control these patients was seventeen days, and the limits seven to forty-six days respectively; figures which compare very favourably indeed with the average expectation of thirty-five days for mild chorea cases and the sixty-seven days for severe ones referred to in the earlier part of this paper.The drug diminished the discomforts of the patients at all stages of the treatment, and did not produce any of that mental depression which accompanies the use of chloretone and certain other hvpnotics.There was no undue drowsi- ness or digestive derangeinent.There was no relapse or secondary exhaustion when the drug was finally withdrawin. ConclusionsCalcium aspirin (Coplans)* affords a method of treating chorea without occasioning exhaustion, discomfort, or risk to the patient.It is less toxic" '30 than acetyl-salicylic acid itself, and is free from the irritant action of the parent substance on the stomach and bladder.It is freely soluble, almost tasteless, and is rapidly absorbed.It has a triple action: (1) anti-rheumatic, (2) correction of calcium deficiency, (3) sedative to the brain.The best results are secured when the patient is kept in bed during treatment and protected from undue emotional and mental stress.