tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Comparison of Current Ballistocardiographic Methods
Authors: S. A. TALBOT, W. K. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1955)

In part I was discussed the nature and magnitude of force artefacts in the ballistocardiogram (BCG) arising from coupling the body to ground. The effect of this grounding on the reading of cardiovascular motion, momentum and force was explained, using the simple one-mass dynamics. Part II dealt with the effects on the ballistocardiogram of a second mass, a platform supporting the body. The body itself is a cutoff filter (of the resonant type) by its springy supporting tissues which couple the body and platform masses. In the displacement ballistocardiogram this attenuates the upper frequencies recorded from stiffly sprung platforms, or from the direct-body whatever its coupling to earth. In the acceleration record, the body mass and spring cut off the lower ballistocardiographic frequencies, while platform mass and body-spring cut off the higher frequencies. The size of these errors and their bearing on multilateral recording were discussed.)
Splenic Uptake on Bone Scanning in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: VIKRAM S. DRAVID, SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Splenic uptake of bone-seeking radionuclides has been described in cases of infarction and/or iron deposition, as seen in patients with sickle cell anemia, glucoses-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, trauma, and tumors (such as metastatic breast carcinoma and lymphomas). It appears to associated with hemolytic anemia. Although the precise cause for splenic uptake in this case is not known, it may be related to hemosiderosis, which is associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia or multiple blood transfusions.
In vitro synergistic interaction of alligator and human estrogen receptors with combinations of environmental chemicals.
Authors: S F Arnold, P M Vonier, B M Collins, D M Klotz, L J Guillette, J A McLachlan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The effect of mixtures of environmental chemicals with hormonal activity has not been well studied. To investigate this phenomenon, the estrogen receptor (ER) from the American alligator (aER) or human (hER) was incubated with [3H]17beta-estradiol in the presence of selected environmental chemicals individually or in combination. The environmental chemicals included the insecticide chlordane, which has no estrogenic activity, and the pesticides dieldrin and toxaphene, which have very weak estrogenic activity. Chlordane, dieldrin, and toxaphene individually demonstrated no appreciable displacement of [3H]17beta-estradiol from aER and hER at the concentration tested. A combination of these chemicals inhibited the binding of [3H]17beta-estradiol by 20 to 40%. Alachlor, a chemical recently discovered to have weak estrogenic activity, also displaced [3H]17beta-estradiol more effectively in combination with dieldrin than alone. These results indicate that combinations of some environmental chemicals inhibit [3H]17beta-estradiol binding in a synergistic manner. This suggests that the ER may contain more than one site for binding environmental chemicals. The possibility that the ER binds multiple environmental chemicals adds another level of complexity to the interaction between the environment and the endocrine system.
Survival in Patients With Severe Aortic Regurgitation and Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction Is Improved by Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Ashvin R. Kamath, Padmini Varadarajan, Rami Turk, Unnati Sampat, Reena Patel, Sumit Khandhar, Ramdas G. Pai
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction entails a higher surgical risk. Though it may improve symptoms and LV size, it is not known whether it translates into a survival benefit.This retrospective cohort study included patients screened from our echocardiographic database between 1993 and 2007 for patients with severe AR and LV ejection fraction (EF) < or =35%. Charts reviews were conducted for clinical, pharmacological, and surgical information. Mortality data were obtained from the social security death index and analyzed as a function of AVR adjusted for the propensity score. Of the 785 patients with severe AR, 166 patients had severe LV dysfunction defined as an EF < or =35%: 69% of these were men, age 65+/-16 years, and LV EF was 23+/-8%. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that performance of AVR (n=53) was associated with a better survival (P=0.001). Adjusted for the propensity score, AVR was associated with a significantly lower mortality hazard (HR 0.59, CI 0.42 to 0.98, P=0.04).There is a clear reluctance to offer AVR in a large number of patients with severe AR associated with LV dysfunction. However, the performance of AVR in these patients is associated with a mortality benefit supporting the current ACC/AHA guidelines.
Postoperative management after thymectomy.
Authors: A B Loach, A C Young, J M Spalding, A C Smith
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This paper reports a retrospective study of the preoperative and postoperative management of 28 patients who underwent thymectomy between 1956 and 1973. Patients who received postoperative artificial ventilation were compared with the group who did not with respect to sex, age, severity of disease, preoperative vital capacity, and thymic histology. Evidence is presented that postoperative artificial ventilation is required when the preoperative vital capacity with the patient on optimum anticholinesterase treatment is less than 2 litres. Additional features associated with a probable need for artificial ventilation were the presence of a thymoma, bulbar symptoms, especially dysphagia, and age over 50 years. These should be taken into account in any patient whose vital capacity is close to the critical level of 2 litres. When postoperative ventilation was required it was usually necessary for 12 days or more, and tracheostomy should therefore be done at or before thymectomy. Most patients in this series received the same dose of anticholinesterases after operation as before it and no evidence was found of a sudden decrease in requirements for anticholinesterase therapy. Two patients did not, and in them a myasthenic crisis was precipitated. We propose that the preoperative drug regimen can be continued in the immediate postthymectomy period, allowing selection of patients for tracheostomy and artificial ventilation primarily on the basis of the preoperative vital capacity.
Physician Obligation To Patient
Authors: Eugene Guazzo
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Regarding Dr. Peeke's remarks in his article, "The Physician's Obligation to His Patients" (<b>204</b>:88, 1968), I respectfully submit that what he says. "... the place of the general practitioner in rural America is involvement in every phase of the family life, and in all phases of medicine, indeed, in all phases of community life," applies equally well to the<i>city</i>GP or family physician. The anonymity which urban living and working affords can be the lot of practicing city physicians, especially subspecialists, if they desire. Indeed, many do so desire and would feel uncomfortable and professionally put-upon if expected to behave (practice) in a manner expected of a Gemeinschaft physician. But the city-dweller<i>needs and desires</i>this kind of doctor. Indeed the physician who will practice in the city and who will do those things which Dr. Peeke illustrates so poignantly by the story of the tragic
Decreased Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine) Synthesis in Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: McC. GOODALL, W. R. HARLAN, HAROLD ALTON
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Three patients with idiopathic orthostatic (postural) hypotension were infused over a 4-hr period with 104.6 µc of 3-hydroxytyramine-2- 14 C, the immediate precursor in the synthesis of the sympathetic neurohormone, that is, noradrenaline (norepinephrine). Urine was collected during the infusion period and at various intervals thereafter for a total of 5 days. By means of column fractionation, the various metabolic products of hydroxytyramine, including endogenous noradrenaline and its metabolic products, were separated, identified, and their radioactivity measured. From the comparison of the hydroxytyramine metabolic pattern of normal subjects to that of idiopathic orthostatic hypotensive patients, it was apparent that the greatest changes occurred in the formation of noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (MOMA, VMA). The synthesis of noradrenaline was significantly reduced in the hypotensive patients, and there was also a marked reduction in the formation of MOMA, the principal metabolic product of noradrenaline. The implication of these findings is that the pathogenesis of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension is related to a defect in the neurogenic structures involved in the biosynthesis of noradrenaline. This conclusion is further supported by the fact that one of the subjects (M.Q.) at autopsy showed only degenerative changes in the sympathetic ganglia and neurons.
Immunological reactivity in dermatophytosis
Authors: JON M. HANIFIN, LEON F. RAY, WALTER C. LOBITZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Patients with Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum infections were compared in terms of cutaneous responses and in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to trichophytin and other antigens. Twelve out of fourteen T. mentagrophytes patients exhibited delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to trichophytin. Most T. rubrum patients (thirty-seven out of forty-nine) lacked delayed reactions to trichophytin specifically, but these patients frequently manifested immediate weal reactions to this antigen. Positive lymphocyte responses correlated with the presence of delayed but not immediate cutaneous reactions. Serum from chronic T. rubrum patients failed to inhibit lymphocyte responses. Possible mechanisms for selective anergy in chronic T. rubrum patients are discussed.
Epidemic Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis: Report of Post Mortem Examination in Three Cases of this Disease
Authors: J. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1876)

55'r more so to vie with each other in the common cause of humanity.Then, perhaps, they may come to acknowledge the truth of the saying of Cicero in his oration Pro Li, aiio, " Neque enim ulla alia re homines propijus ad Deos accedant, quam salutem hominibus dando".
The Utilisation of Sewage and the Prevention of River Pollution
Authors: J. N. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1872)

quantity of miilk or brotlh, warm.If it be for cattel, it must also be blooded and well washed, and given with a drenching-horn ; and the dose may be proportioned to the bigness or strength of the creature that is to take it.To a man or woman, it must be given after blood-letting, and well washlilng the face and hands, or place that may be bitten.A man or womani imiay take it in warm milk, beer, ale, broth, or how lhe best likes it, fasting two or three several mornings to make sure.
A STUDY OF THE RADICAL CURE OF HERNIA BY MARCY'S METHOD.WITH A REPORT OF EIGHT CASES INCLUDING OPERATIONS. Read before the Gynecological Society of Boston.
Authors: ALBERT H. TUTTLE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The operation for the radical cure of hernia consists in the treatment of the viscera, peritoneal sac, the opening in the abdominal wall, and the incision of the skin. Marcy's operation differs very materially from all others in three important respects, viz: the manner of suturing the rings with a perineal needle, taking a shoemaker's stitch; the suture material, kangaroo tendon, a non-irritating, easily made aseptic material which is very strong and capable of resisting absorption and softening for a very long time, sufficiently long for the complete metamorphosis of a plastic exudation into firm connective tissue; the restoration of the obliquity of the inguinal canal by a free dissection of the canal, the elevation of the cord, and the tight closure of the internal ring below it, the dropping of the cord, and the reformation of the canal by drawing together the tissues from either side over the cord
Bad medicine: paediatric ear, nose, and throat surgery
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

When I was 6 years old I once woke with pus and blood on my pillow. Concerned, my mother took me to our doctor, who sent me to the local hospital. There they physically pinned me down and suctioned out my discharging ear. I can still feel the pain of that event and now reflect: why did they do this procedure? Current common paediatric ear, nose, and throat operations include grommets, tonsillectomy, and adenoidectomy. But why operate?

Grommets are used in otitis media with effusion, more commonly called glue ear. …
A DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING PATIENTS WITH REDUCED FRACTURE OF FEMUR
Authors: Carl J. Hollingworth
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Occasionally it is necessary to move, sometimes for a considerable distance, a patient with a fractured femur which has not yet united but which has been reduced by traction. The problem then arises of how to make such a change with the least pain and distress to the patient and, if possible, without loss of the extension that has already been gained. Of course, a Thomas splint can always be used if one is available, but for the benefit of those who may not have such an apparatus at hand I want to suggest a very simple device, which was used recently with great success. It was desired to move a child, aged 2 years, to her home across the city. She had been in the hospital three days, during which time overriding of the fragments had been eliminated by weights and vertical overhead extension of the injured leg. The
Multiple perspectives on word production
Authors: Willem J. M. Levelt, Ardi Roelofs, Antje S. Meyer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The commentaries provide a multitude of perspectives on the theory of lexical access presented in our target article. We respond, on the one hand, to criticisms that concern the embeddings of our model in the larger theoretical frameworks of human performance and of a speaker's multiword sentence and discourse generation. These embeddings, we argue, are either already there or naturally forgeable. On the other hand, we reply to a host of theory-internal issues concerning the abstract properties of our feedforward spreading activation model, which functions without the usual cascading, feedback, and inhibitory connections. These issues also concern the concrete stratification in terms of lexical concepts, syntactic lemmas, and morphophonology. Our response stresses the parsimony of our modeling in the light of its substantial empirical coverage. We elaborate its usefulness for neuroimaging and aphasiology and suggest further cross-linguistic extensions of the model.
Agency finds it harder to monitor infections after surgery as length of hospital stay falls
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Many infections at surgical sites are not detected, an expert from the Health Protection Agency told a conference last week.

Yet they account for a substantial proportion of healthcare associated infections and lead to further disease, extended hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs, Jennie Wilson, the agency’s programme lead for surveillance of surgical site infections, said.

The agency’s surgical site infection surveillance service sets benchmark rates for infection and enables participating hospitals to compare and use their own data to improve, she said. A total of 300 English hospitals are registered with the service, and since 2004 all acute trusts with orthopaedic services must supply at least three months of data on infection rates after orthopaedic surgery.

Although rates submitted by hospitals taking part vary widely, rates overall have fallen since the service …
Speed of treatment affects outcome in anaphylaxis
Authors: N. I Jowett
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Sadana et al give undue emphasis to the role of intravenous adrenaline in the treatment of acute anaphylaxis,1 which detracts from the essential points made by Hughes and Fitzharris in their article on managing anaphylaxis.2 The problem is not how to give adrenaline but to ensure that first responders give this life saving drug early, rather than just …
CD36 coordinates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by facilitating intracellular nucleation of soluble ligands into particulate ligands in sterile inflammation
Authors: Frederick J Sheedy, Alena Grebe, Katey J Rayner, Parisa Kalantari, Bhama Ramkhelawon, Susan B Carpenter, Christine E Becker, Hasini N Ediriweera, Adam E Mullick, Douglas T Golenbock, Lynda M Stuart, Eicke Latz, Katherine A Fitzgerald, Kathryn J Moore
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Ethical dilemmas of brain failure in the elderly
Authors: G. S Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Doctors caring for patients with senile dementia are faced with the dilemma of making treatment decisions for dying, incompetent persons whose lives can be prolonged but not enhanced by modern medical technology. British physician Robertson explores the idea of encouraging elderly people to sign a written declaration of their treatment preferences if afflicted with an incurable dementia. Such a move could help relieve many elderly of their fears of a prolonged, undignified death; encourage physicians to incorporate patients' expressed wishes into treatment decisions; improve the image of geriatric medicine; and clarify public objectives in medical care of the aged.
Serum cobalt-activated acylase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in toxic hepatitis.
Authors: A Szczeklik, A Wiernikowski, J Musial, E Wozny
Journal: Gut (1975)

Marked activity of cobalt-activated acylase was found in the sera of 33 of 37 patients with acute toxic hepatitis due to poisoning with either amanita mushrooms or chemicals. The activity of the enzyme showed a positive correlation with that of serum transaminases, reached the highest levels on the patient9s admission to hospital and within a few days fell rapidly to undetectable levels. Slight acylase activity was observed in the majority of patients intoxicated with drugs or carbon monoxide but was not seen in sera of those poisoned with non-amanita mushrooms who showed no signs of liver injury. Unlike acylase, the serum activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase remained unchanged over the first days of acute toxic hepatitis. The determination of serum cobalt-activated acylase might be of value in the diagnosis of acute liver injury.
Achieving a Uniform Federal Primary Care Policy
Authors: Peter P. Budetti
Journal: JAMA (1993)

FEDERAL policy toward primary care often seems hopelessly inconsistent. Just as there is no uniform, consistent policy toward housing, food, or health care coverage, there is no uniform federal primary care policy. Rather, primary care policy consists of the net total of a wide range of decisions made by several branches of the federal government, most often with no explicit consideration given to primary care. Some federal health legislation apparently establishes primary care as a national priority. Other federal policies leave primary care languishing while specialties and subspecialties prosper. This article explores the extent of this dichotomy and suggests possible opportunities for modifying the situation. The effects of these de facto federal policies on primary care are identified across four areas: education and training, physician payment, the service delivery system, and research. Based on this analysis, the obstacles to a coherent primary care policy, and possible ways to overcome those
The role of opioids in cancer pain
Authors: Columba Quigley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Columba Quigley, as a specialist in palliative medicine, works in a hospital based support team. She also works with a community based palliative care team and in a hospice, where patients are admitted for terminal care, respite, and control of symptoms. Pain occurs often in patients with cancer, particularly those with advanced disease. In addition, pain is one of the most feared symptoms in people with a diagnosis of cancer. Using analgesics (particularly opioids) appropriately effectively controls cancer pain in most patients
Comprehensive neurotoxicity assessment.
Authors: B M Kulig
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Significant progress has been made in recent years in terms of both the conceptualization of neurotoxicity assessment strategies as well as in the development of behavioral techniques for evaluating neurotoxic exposures. A tiered approach, for example, has been advocated as an assessment strategy in which testing would proceed in a stepwise fashion from general screening using simple behavioral methods and neuropathology (tier 1) to the characterization of effects (tier 2) using more specific testing techniques. With respect to tier-1 testing, behavioral observational methods have been standardized for screening purposes, and these technically simple techniques, together with automated methods for motor activity assessment, are being increasingly incorporated into chemical and drug safety evaluations for regulatory purposes. With respect to tier-2 testing, more technically sophisticated techniques and behavioral paradigms are available for characterizing the behavioral effects of chemical exposures on motor, sensory, and cognitive processes. Paradigms involving learned and unlearned behavior, for example, have been described for quantifying a variety of clinical signs of motor impairment including paretic gait disorders, tremor, and coordination deficits. Likewise, robust noninvasive behavioral methods capable of tracking changes in visual, auditory, and somatosensory thresholds during the course of exposure are also available. With respect to cognitive testing, numerous maze and operant techniques and paradigms measuring different aspects of performance, learning, and memory have been elaborated. This paper presents an overview of behavioral techniques currently used to assess neurotoxicity in adult laboratory animals and discusses their application to hazard identification and other areas of risk assessment.
Laxity in Pension Examiners.
Authors: J. J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Bloomsburg, Pa., Oct. 10, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an article inThe Journalof October 5 on "Laxity in Pension Examiners," the claim is made of "certain abuses" of "serious carelessness," and that the public has "a conviction of a vast amount of fraud in the pension business," and that the publication of such facts as these confirm it. Let us examine the alleged facts. If they are true, then the above allegations stand. If they are false, then they fall. The "facts" consist of an experience with one board of pension examiners, who examined twenty applicants at once, from one section and found them all suffering from heart disease. These applicants were then examined before disinterested physicians who found no heart disease in any of the cases. Is this probable? Is it possible, that twenty soldiers aged from 55 to 75 years, who have suffered all the privations
Tc-99m Sestamibi/F-18 FDG Myocardial SPECT in Takayasu Arteritis With Coronary Artery Involvement
Authors: Min-Fu Yang, Ke-Fei Dou, Xiong-Jing Jiang, Zuo-Xiang He
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Coronary arteries may be involved in some patients with Takayasu arteritis. Evaluation of myocardial involvement due to coronary lesions may provide important information in the clinical management of these patients. We report Tc-99m sestamibi and F-18 FDG myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in 3 cases of such patients.