tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogenic Regulation of Host Immunity against an Estrogen Receptor–Negative Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Edward M. Curran, Barbara M. Judy, Ngozi A. Duru, Hui-Qun Wang, Leoncio A. Vergara, Dennis B. Lubahn, D. Mark Estes
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The risk of developing breast cancer is positively correlated with exposure to increased levels of estrogen and/or an increased duration of estrogen exposure. Many different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association of estrogens with breast cancer risk; however, the well-documented immune modulatory properties of estrogen have received little attention. In part, this is due to a lack of suitable models for studying this relationship. Experimental Design: We have developed an animal model using estrogen receptor (ER)-negative human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-468, xenografted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. We also generated the ER-α knockout (ER-αKO) mice on the SCID background and then tested the ability of 17β-estradiol to stimulate growth of xenografted ER-negative human breast cancer tumors in wild-type and ER-αKO SCID mice. We quantified vascularization of tumors, macrophage recruitment to the tumor site by immunocytochemistry, and inflammatory cytokine production. Results: We show that estrogen treatment of C57BL/6/SCID mice promotes the growth of xenografted ER-negative tumors in wild-type mice and this estrogen-induced tumor growth is abrogated in ER-αKO mice. Tumor neovascularization of estrogen-treated mice was unchanged versus control; however, estrogen treatment of the C57BL/6/SCID host suppressed macrophage recruitment to and inflammatory cytokine production at the tumor site. Conclusions: These data are consistent with estrogen modulation of the inflammatory response as a contributing factor in estrogen-stimulated growth of an ER-negative tumor. This effect on the host innate immune response was mediated by ER-α.
Structural conservation and variation in the mitochondrial control region of fringilline finches (Fringilla spp.) and the greenfinch (Carduelis chloris)
Authors: H. D. Marshall, A. J. Baker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

We sequenced the entire control region and portions of flanking genes (tRNA(Phe), tRNA(Glu), and ND6) in the common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), blue chaffinch (F. teydea), brambling (F. montifringilla), and greenfinch (Carduelis chloris). In these finches the control region is similar in length (1,223-1,237 bp) and has the same flanking gene order as in other birds, and contains a putative TAS element and the highly conserved CSB-1 and F, D, and C boxes recognizable in most vertebrates. Cloverleaf-like structures associated with the TAS element at the 5' end and CSB-1 at the 3' end of the control region may be involved with the stop and start of D-loop synthesis, respectively. The pattern of nucleotide and substitution bias is similar to that in other vertebrates, and consequently the finch control region can be subdivided into a central, conserved G-rich domain (domain II) flanked by hypervariable 5'-C-rich (domain I) and 3'-AT-rich (domain III) segments. In pairwise comparisons among finch species, the central domain has unusually low transition/transversion ratios, which suggests that increased G + T content is a functional constraint, possibly for DNA primase efficiency. In finches the relative rates of evolution vary among domains according to a ratio of 4.2 (domain III) to 2.2 (domain I) to 1 (domain II), and extensively among sites within domains I and II. Domain I and III sequences are extremely useful in recovering intraspecific phylogeographic splits between populations in Africa and Europe, Madeira, and a basal lineage in Nefza, Tunisia. Domain II sequences are highly conserved, and are therefore only useful in conjunction with sequences from domains I and III in phylogenetic studies of closely related species.
UK state pension inadequate for healthy living, report says
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The minimum income needed for older people to enjoy a healthy life in England is 50% higher than the state pension.

A single pensioner aged at least 65 years needs £131 a week, and a couple need £208 (€310; $430) a week, a study has calculated ( International Journal of Epidemiology 2007 Jul 12 doi: 10.1093/ije/dym129). The state pension is £139.60, before any additional means tested benefits, for a couple aged at least 65 years. It is £87.30 for a single person—£43.70 below the amount that the paper says is adequate for a single person.

“The results suggest that inadequate income currently …
Advanced Lymphosarcoma: Intensive Cyclical Combination Chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone
Authors: CHARLES M. BAGLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Thirty-five patients with advanced lymphosarcoma (32 without previous therapy) were treated with intensive 5-day courses of cyclophosphamide and prednisone, with vincristine given on the first day; this was repeated every 3 weeks until complete remission was attained or tumor resistance appeared. There were 20 (57%) complete and 12 (34%) partial responses. Eighty-nine percent of the complete remissions Fasted more than 1 year. Of all 35 patients, 79% lived more than 1 year. Survival of complete responders was significantly better than that of partial responders. Patients with more extensive disease had significantly shorter survival. Toxicity, chiefly leukopenia, was tolerable, reversible, and not cumulative. In inducing frequent and longlasting complete remissions this regimen (CVP) appears superior to those previously reported.
Life threatening haemoptysis controlled by laser photocoagulation.
Authors: W M Edmondstone, E M Nanson, A A Woodcock, F J Millard, M R Hetzel
Journal: Thorax (1983)

We have recently described the use of the neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet laser in palliative treatment of carcinoma of the bronchus.'We now report a case of acute massive haemoptysis controlled by emergency laser photo- coagulation as a primary treatment.Case report
TWO CASES OF INFANTILE MYXEDEMA
Authors: JAMES FREDERICK CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

There are no less than six cases of infantile myxedema, resulting in a cretinoid condition, in Iowa, and probably many more. Since the condition is frequently unrecognized, it is possible that the accompanying photographs of the two cases occurring in my practice may help to call attention to the value and importance of early treatment. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —E. M.<sup>1</sup>was first seen when 20 years and 4 months of age ( Fig. 1 ). Thyroid feeding was at once begun. Improvement ivas rapid even at this late age. In the first 18 months the increase in weight was 13% pounds, and in height was 5% inches (Fig. 2). She now, at nearly 23 years of age, appears as a bright active child of 7 or 8 years, with, since treatment ivas begun, an entire new growth of hair, new teeth and a normal soft skin. <h3>Case 2.</h3> —. B., born
Metabolic Syndrome or “Central Obesity Syndrome”?
Authors: Gary T.C. Ko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

I read with interest the recent two articles on metabolic syndrome published in Diabetes Care , one by Ford (1) on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) among adults in the U.S. and the other by Kahn et al. (2) that critically appraised the definitions of metabolic syndrome.

Ford reported a higher prevalence estimate of the metabolic syndrome than the estimate based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definition (unadjusted prevalence 39.0 ± 1.1 vs. 34.5 ± 0.9%, respectively) in U.S. adults (1). The lower IDF criteria as compared with NCEP criteria for defining central obesity (men ≥94 vs. >102 cm and women ≥80 vs. >88 cm) appeared to account for much of this difference (3,4). The NCEP criteria suggest selecting three of five …
Idiopathic Bone Infarction Mimicking Metatastic Disease
Authors: BILL MOURATIDIS, FRED LOMAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 70-year-old woman presented with pain in and around the left knee. There was no significant medical, drug, or trauma history. Plain radiograph results showed osteoporosis with patchy sclerosis in the proximal left tibia. Bone scan results showed marked focal uptake in the sclerotic lesion and additional lesions in the lower limbs. Approximately half the lesions were gallium-avid. Although the findings favored bone infarcts, none were considered diagnostic to exclude malignancy. Results of a bone biopsy of the proximal left tibia confirmed bone infarct. No cause was found and her symptoms resolved. Bone infarcts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal hot spots, especially if they are periarticular, even if no predisposition is present.
Obesity in psoriasis: the metabolic, clinical and therapeutic implications. Report of an interdisciplinary conference and review
Authors: W. Sterry, B.E. Strober, A. Menter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Experts on psoriasis convened with authorities from other medical specialties to discuss the recently described association between psoriasis, obesity and subsequent cardiovascular comorbidity. Similar to other diseases of increased systemic inflammation, psoriasis has been linked to a heightened risk of myocardial infarction, especially in the more severely affected, younger patients. However, unlike in other inflammatory diseases - such as rheumatoid arthritis - more severely affected patients with psoriasis are much more likely to be obese. Importantly, the pathophysiology of both psoriasis and obesity shows many shared cytokines that are known to contribute to features of the metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. The strong association between psoriasis and obesity potentially makes psoriasis an important healthcare issue that requires an update in its standard of care. This meeting reviewed the evidence-based literature and addressed how, moving forward, dermatologists and other specialists may redefine the magnitude of health risk associated with more severe psoriasis and its comorbidities, while clarifying both the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the association with obesity.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS AND PROBLEMS OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Authors: Richard B. Capps
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Outbreaks of infectious (epidemic) hepatitis have been recognized for at least 200 years and probably for very much longer.<sup>1</sup>Although they are particularly extensive among armies in the field, civilian epidemics have also been frequently encountered. Accurate data are not presently available in this country because the disease is not generally reportable, but according to our personal experience epidemics are constantly occurring. That this virus infection represents one of the commoner infectious diseases occurring in this country is shown by recent studies with a specific skin test material.<sup>2</sup>It was found that approximately 35% of adults had positive reactions, indicating presumptive prior infection with the virus. The importance of this disease, however, is due not only to its high incidence but also to its relatively serious nature. Although the mortality rate is usually under 1%, the period of disability is frequently prolonged, and the occurrence of chronic cases
Inhibin: a new circulating marker of hydatidiform mole?
Authors: T. Yohkaichiya, T. Fukaya, H. Hoshiai, A. Yajima, D. M. de Kretser
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To define the concentrations of inhibin in serum and tissue of patients with hydatidiform mole and assess their value as a clinical marker of the condition. DESIGN--Prospective study of new patients with hydatidiform mole, comparison of paired observations, and case-control analysis. SETTING--A university hospital, two large public hospitals, and a private women9s clinic in Japan. PATIENTS--Seven consecutive referred patients seen over four months with newly diagnosed complete hydatidiform mole, including one in whom the mole was accompanied by viable twin fetuses (case excluded from statistical analysis because of unique clinical features). All patients followed up for six months after evacuation of molar tissue. END POINT--Correlation of serum inhibin concentrations with trophoblastic disease. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Serum concentrations of inhibin, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and follicle stimulating hormone were compared before and seven to 10 days after evacuation of the mole. Before evacuation the serum inhibin concentrations (median 8.3 U/ml; 95% confidence interval 2.4 to 34.5) were significantly greater than in 21 normal women at the same stage of pregnancy (2.8 U/ml; 2.1 to 3.6), and inhibin in molar tissue was also present in high concentrations (578 U/ml cytosol; 158 to 1162). Seven to 10 days after evacuation inhibin concentrations in serum samples from the same patients declined significantly to values (0.4 U/ml; 0.1 to 1.4) similar to those seen in the follicular phase of normal menstrual cycles. None of the four patients whose serum inhibin concentrations were 0.4 U/ml or less after evacuation developed persistent trophoblastic disease. Though serum human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations declined after evacuation (6.6 x 10(3) IU/l; 0.8 x 10(3) to 32.6 x 10(3], they remained far higher than in non-pregnant women. Serum follicle stimulating hormone concentrations remained suppressed. CONCLUSIONS--In this small study serum inhibin concentrations higher than those found in the early follicular phase one to two weeks after evacuation of a hydatidiform mole seemed to be specific for persistent trophoblastic disease. Further data are needed to confirm these promising results.
The Determinants of Plasma-Renin Activity in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Murray Esler, Andrew Zweifler, Otelio Randall, Stevo Julius, Vincent DeQUATTRO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Plasma-renin activity was studied, under different conditions of stimulation, in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. In normal subjects, three components of renin release, "basal," "neural," and "sodium-sensitive," could be delineated. Among the hypertensive patients, abnormal patterns of renin release were noted. The categorization of patients according to "plasma-renin status," however, differed with the conditions of testing, being dependent both on the pathophysiology of the essential hypertension and the character of the renin-releasing stimulus, specifically whether this stimulus elevated plasma-renin activity through a predominantly neural (upright posture) or non-neural mechanism (dietary sodium deprivation). Abnormal plasma-renin activity in essential hypertension resulted in part from disordered sympathetic nervous system function. Patients with mild hypertension and elevated plasma-renin activity exhibited increased neural stimulation of renin release, whereas in patients with low plasma-renin values, all three components of renin release, including the neural element, were diminished.
Mechanical effects of heart contraction on coronary flow
Authors: R. J. DOMENECH, J. M. DE LA PRIDA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article Mechanical effects of heart contraction on coronary flow Get access RAUL J. DOMENECH, RAUL J. DOMENECH Departmento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Sede Oriente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JULIO M. DE LA PRIDA JULIO M. DE LA PRIDA Departmento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Sede Oriente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 4, July 1975, Pages 509–514, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.4.509 Published: 01 July 1975
Computers and Common Sense; The Myth of Thinking Machines
Authors: Marshall Brucer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

"The criticism of science in the 20th century... is somewhat equivalent to criticizing the Roman Catholic Church in the 12th century." During the 20th century science has become the most sacred of all the cows, sacred because "criticism" has been equated with "censorship" (everybody knows that censorship is evil), a cow because it can be milked periodically from the public funds. Mr. Taube has written 118 pages to document his reasons for writing the last 10 pages. The thesis is: A human being can dig a hole in the ground with his hands; he can also dig it with a shovel, but this does not mean that the hand is a shovel. The hand is similar in some respects to a shovel, but it is not a shovel. The translating machines, learning machines, thinking machines, are all names for nonexistent machines. They are interesting goals, but so is a New
Considering lipids as a vital sign: a new model for the rapid and effective delivery of coronary prevention management using point of care testing
Authors: Stephen Devries, Maria Ayala, Jennifer Broadhurst, Marcie Chantaparanont, Mary Conroy, Julie Esguerra, Beulah Jefferson, Mary McGarrigle, Olga Pineda, Marianne Riley-Jensen, Patrice Spinella
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
ECFMG Scores of Graduates Of Zagreb Medical School
Authors: Ivan Damjanov
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Only roughly a third of all the graduates of the University of Zagreb School of Medicine (UZSM) who take the examination given by the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) score the 75 or more needed to pass the examination. We have analyzed some of the possible reasons in 103 Yugoslav graduates of our medical school who took the ECFMG examination in 1967 or 1970. The list was compiled from records sent biannually to the Dean of UZSM. Foreign graduates were eliminated. The university records of the Yugoslav graduates were analyzed. Data on 1,342 other students who graduated in 1967 or 1970 served for comparison.  The analyzed group consisted of 30 women and 73 men, 24 to 47 years of age. The mean interval between graduation and first examination was 6.7 years (range, 0 to 19).  We compared the average grades of those taking the ECFMG
1251 HEPATITIS A VIRUS GENOTYPE AND ITS CORRELATION TO ACUTE HEPATITIS A CLINICAL OUTCOME IN KOREA: 2006-2008
Authors: S.-H. Jeong, H. Yun, H.J. Lee, J.-H. Jang, J.-W. Kim, S.H. Lee, S.J. Park, Y.M. Park, S.G. Hwang, K.S. Rim, S.-K. Kang, H.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Are Physicians Advising Smokers to Quit?
Authors: C. F. Fuhrmann
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Anda et al entitled "Are Physicians Advising Smokers to Quit?"<sup>1</sup>is timely and emphasizes several key points in disease prevention. Helping high-risk patients to quit can have a high payoff. A number of recent studies have shown significant reduction in mortality in smokers who have successfully quit after a myocardial infarction. If physicians will take just 60 seconds to counsel their patients on quitting, they can substantially increase the quitting rate among their patients.<sup>2</sup>In fact, the highest quitting rate reported to date has been among patients who, after a myocardial infarction, were told at the bedside in the coronary care unit by their physician that they could never smoke again.<sup>3</sup> Anda et al point out in their article that most physicians do not advise their patients to quit smoking. One reason is lack of training, but in my opinion the
Induction of suppressor activity in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and in cultures with concanavalin A.
Authors: J B Innes, M M Kuntz, Y T Kim, M E Weksler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

T lymphocytes that are activated in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) have suppressor activity. Concanavalin A (Con A) augments the suppressor activity generated in cultures containing both T and non-T lymphocytes and can induce suppressor activity in T-lymphocyte preparations that contain too few (10%) non-T cells to generate a significant autologous MLR. However, when such T-lymphocyte preparations are further depleted of adherent cells and contain less than 2% non-T cells, Con A fails to induce suppressor activity. These findings support the concept that an autologous MLR may play an important role in generation of suppressor cells by Con A.
Drug-loaded polyelectrolyte microcapsules for sustained targeting of cancer cells
Authors: Viviana Vergaro, Flavia Scarlino, Claudia Bellomo, Rosaria Rinaldi, Daniele Vergara, Michele Maffia, Francesca Baldassarre, Gianluigi Giannelli, Xingcai Zhang, Yuri M. Lvov, Stefano Leporatti
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2011)
pH/temperature sensitive magnetic nanogels conjugated with Cy5.5-labled lactoferrin for MR and fluorescence imaging of glioma in rats
Authors: Lingyu Jiang, Qing Zhou, Ketao Mu, Hui Xie, Yanhong Zhu, Wenzhen Zhu, Yanbing Zhao, Huibi Xu, Xiangliang Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
THE EFFECT OF POSITIVE-CHOICE CONFLICTS ON NORMAL AND NEUROTIC MONKEYS
Authors: JULES H. MASSERMAN, LOUIS AARONS, STANLEY WECHKIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

1. Normal monkeys subjected to increasingly difficult choices between nearly equally desired food at first oscillate in their responses and then develop neurotic disturbances similar to those induced by aversive conflicts. 2. Non-aversive stresses applied to monkeys previously subjected to aversive experiences accentuate their neuroses. 3. These phenomena may be comparable to the aberrations of behavior in human beings likewise faced with difficult decisions between equally desirable but mutually exclusive strivings.
LONGITUDINAL FRACTURE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY OF THE RADIUS
Authors: Robert C. Parrish
Journal: JAMA (1913)

While transverse fracture of the lower end of the radius is the most frequent of all fractures, longitudinal fracture is an uncommon injury.  In 1858 at a meeting of the Boston Society for Medical Imprvement, Bigelow 1 showed the lower extremity of a radius which presesented on its articular surface a stellate crack, with longitudinal fissures running up the shaft for a distance of more than an inch. The patientt had sustained other injuries which ultimately proved fatal. At first he comoplained only of lameness of the wrist, but after several days the wrist was swollen, and persistent tenderness led to a diagnosis of fracture.  Skiagram showing longitudinal fissures In fracture of the radius.  Dr. Bigelow also reported having seen a similar case two years previously, in which the cracks were not so extended.  Cotton 2 says of this type of fracture, So far as we know they are the result of direct violence by crushing. They are very
Intestinal Obstruction From Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
Authors: M. D. Paris
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare, seldom recognized disorder characterized by several intramural pockets of gas involving any portion of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is also known as peritoneal pneumatosis and intestinal emphysema. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not known. However, frequent association with respiratory ailments has been described. We describe a patient with PCI with associated Hodgkin's disease who had radiological evidence of intestinal obstruction.  Report of a Case.—  A 57-year-old man had a two-week history of progressive dilation of the small bowel and near complete intestinal obstruction of the jejunum. This was initially attributed to a large internal hernia. His past medical history was relevant on three counts: First, his condition had been diagnosed as duodenal ulcer disease 18 months earlier. Second, he had received radiotherapy to the right side of his neck for Hodgkin's disease in 1963, and apparently he