tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Flexible fiberoptic brnchoscopy through the laryngeal mask airway in a small premature infant: It is accesible via pediatric 3.7 mm bronchoscope
Authors: Ahmet Hakan Gedik, Erkan Cakir, Ufuk Topuz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Childhood flexible bronchoscopy (FB), 0 age up to 18 years, can be used safely for wider indications in children of different weights and ages. Ultra-thin bronchoscope is used for premature or newborn infants. They are of limited diagnostic value when excessive bronchial secretions obstruct the view of the working field due to the absent of the suction channel. Besides, bronchoalveolar lavage can not be evaluated, and these bronchoscopes can not be used theurapeutically in some cases such as atelectasis. 3.5, 3.7, 3.8 mm in diameter pediatric bronchoscopes have suction channels. The use of bronchoscope with suction channel, especially in patients under 2.5 kg may lead to problems when the nasal mucosa is narrow. In addition, it may cause bronchospasm and hypoxia in small infants during procedure beacuse almost completely obstruct the airway. Laringeal mask airway (LMA) can prevent both bronchospasm and hypoxia as it does not need nasal route beside allowing positive pressure ventilation during the procedure. The FB with 3.7 mm bronchoscope through LMA of a 1910 gr and 75 day old premature baby who had atelectasis was performed succesfully in our clinic and no complication was seen. Our case was presented due to being the first performed and reported case in the literature of FB with 3.7 mm bronchoscope through LMA in a small premature baby with this weight.
First safety and response results of a randomized phase III study with liposomal platin in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN)
Authors: C. F. Jehn, S. Siebmann, G. Pecher, K. Wernicke, K. Possinger, D. Lüftner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6040 Background: Cisplatin is one of the most active chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, its clinical efficacy is limited by its renal- and hematotoxicity profile. In a randomized, multicenter phase III trial, we replaced conventional cisplatin by a liposomal formulation of cisplatin (lipoplatin), and compared the safety and efficacy profiles of patients (pts) in the two treatment arms. Methods: Arm A: 100 mg/m 2 /d lipoplatin (d 1,8,15) plus 1,000 mg/m 2 /d 5-FU (d 1–5) q3w for 6 cycles; arm B: 100 mg/m 2 /d cisplatin (d 1) plus 1,000 mg/m 2 /d 5-FU (day 1–5) q3w for 6 cycles. Inclusion criteria: histologically confirmed SCCHN, age 18–75, renal function (creatinine clearance &gt;50 ml/min) and primary metastatic disease or progressive SCCHN. Results: 62 pts were randomized, from which 43 pts (39 m; 4 w) were evaluable for outcome and toxicity. In the cisplatin arm hematotoxicity was more frequent (grades I/II: 28 pts, grades III/IV: 2 pts) than in the lipoplatin arm (grades I/II: 15 pts, grades III/IV: 3 pts). The rate of anemia was similar between the treatment arms. 13 pts in the lipoplatin arm experienced renal toxicity with (grade I: 3pts) and (grade II: 10 pts), as measured by a reduction of the creatinine clearance (grade I: 99–75 ml/min; grade II: 74–50 ml/min; grade III: &lt;50 ml/min). Renal toxicity occurred in 8 patients in the cisplatin arm with 1 pt (grade I) and 3 pts (grade II), however 5 pts developed grade III. No renal toxicity grade III was developed in the lipoplatin arm until now. Outcome was as follows: lipoplatin arm: PR: 3 pts; SD: 13 pts; PD: 9 pts; cisplatin arm: PR: 8 pts; SD: 9 pts; PD: 1 pts. Thus, the non-PD pts (PR or SD) was 16/25 (64 %) in the lipoplatin arm vs 17/18 (94%) cases in the cisplatin arm. Conclusions: Liposomal platin seems to reduce both the renal and hematological toxicity as compared to conventional cisplatin to a clinically relevant extent. This reduction of side effects will influence the chance to preserve the dose density of chemotherapy, and thereby, the efficacy of treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Autoantibodies to Autonomic Nerves Associated With Cardiac and Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Viktoria Granberg, Niels Ejskjaer, Mark Peakman, Göran Sundkvist
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—This study examines whether autonomic nerve autoantibodies (ANabs) are associated with development of autonomic neuropathy using a prospective study design. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A group of type 1 diabetic patients were followed prospectively with regard to autonomic nerve function on four occasions. At the third examination, 41 patients were tested for ANabs (complement-fixing autoantibodies to the sympathetic ganglion, vagus nerve, and adrenal medulla), and the results were related to cardiac autonomic nerve function (heart rate variation during deep breathing [expiration/inspiration ratio] and heart-rate reaction to tilt [acceleration and brake index]) and to peripheral sympathetic nerve function (vasoconstriction after indirect cooling [vasoconstriction index]). RESULTS—ANabs were detected in 23 of 41 (56%) patients at the third examination. Compared with patients without ANabs (ANabs−), patients with ANabs (ANabs+) showed significantly higher frequencies of at least one abnormal cardiac autonomic nerve function test at the third examination (17 of 23 [74%] vs. 7 of 18 [39%]; P = 0.03) and fourth examination (15 of 21 [71%] vs. 4 of 16 [25%]; P &amp;lt; 0.01). In contrast, there was no similar difference at the first or second examination. The relative risk for ANabs+ patients to develop cardiac autonomic neuropathy at follow-up was 7.5 (95% CI 1.72–32.80). The vasoconstriction index was more abnormal in ANabs+ than in ANabs− patients at the fourth examination (median 1.40 [interquartile range 1.58] vs. 0.35 [2.05]; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—ANabs were associated with future development of cardiac and peripheral autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients, implying an etiological relationship between nervous tissue autoimmunity and these diabetes complications.
Immunologic and Virologic Effects of Subcutaneous Interleukin 2 in Combination With Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: R T Davey, R L Murphy, F M Graziano, S L Boswell, A T Pavia, M Cancio, J P Nadler, D G Chaitt, R L Dewar, D K Sahner, A M Duliege, W B Capra, W P Leong, M A Giedlin, H C Lane, J O Kahn
Journal: JAMA (2000)

While interleukin 2 (IL-2) is capable of inducing a marked expansion of the CD4 T-lymphocyte pool, limited data exist on whether IL-2 treatment can add significantly to the immunologic and virologic effects of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART).To determine the rate and magnitude of CD4 cell recovery and viral suppression when using a combination therapy of IL-2 and ART compared with ART alone.Randomized, controlled multicenter trial conducted from April 1996 through April 1998 at 8 clinical sites in the United States.Eighty-two adult outpatients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and had baseline CD4 cell counts of 200 x 10(6)/L to 500 x 10(6)/L and baseline RNA levels of fewer than 10,000 copies/mL were randomized; 78 completed the study.Thirty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive a combination therapy of subcutaneous IL-2 (administered in 5-day courses every 8 weeks at a starting dosage of 7.5 mIU twice per day) and ART; 43 were to receive ART therapy alone.Interleukin 2 safety and differential effects on CD4 cell counts, CD4 cell percentages, and plasma HIV RNA levels.The mean (SD) percentage increase in CD4 cell counts at 1 year for patients who received IL-2 was 112% (113%) compared with 18% (35%) in recipients of ART alone (P<.001). Both groups had mean (SD) increases in CD4 cell percentage: from 20.4% (6.3%) to 32.3% (12.4%) for the combination therapy group compared with 20.4% (5.1%) to 23.0% (7.2%) for recipients of ART alone (P<.001). Using a sensitive viral RNA assay, mean viral load changes were -0.28 and 0.09 log(10) copies for IL-2 recipients and control patients, respectively (P=.03). Twenty (67%) of 30 evaluable patients receiving IL-2 achieved final viral loads of fewer than 50 copies/mL compared with 13 (36%) of 36 control patients (P=.02). Toxic effects were common among patients who received IL-2 and were managed with antipyretics, hydration, rest, and dosage reduction as needed.Intermittent therapy with IL-2 and ART produced a substantially greater increase in CD4 cells and was associated with a larger decrease in viral load than ART alone. Clinical end-point trials will be necessary to determine whether the enhanced viral suppression and CD4 cell increases associated with IL-2 therapy will translate into improved clinical outcomes. JAMA. 2000;284:183-189
Endometrial alterations in endometriosis: a systematic review of putative biomarkers
Authors: K.E. May, J. Villar, S. Kirtley, S.H. Kennedy, C.M. Becker
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2011)

BACKGROUNDEndometriosis is usually diagnosed by an invasive procedure such as a laparoscopy. Great interest therefore lies in the potential to identify biomarkers which may be surrogates of disease presence or activity, especially relating to the effects of therapy. We have reviewed the existing literature on endometrial differences in women with endometriosis, and assess their potential use as disease biomarkers.
Perceptual wind-up in the human oesophagus is enhanced by central sensitisation
Authors: S Sarkar
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Oesophageal acid infusion induces enhanced pain hypersensitivity in non-acid exposed upper oesophagus (secondary hyperalgesia) in patients with non-cardiac chest pain, thus suggesting central sensitisation contributes to visceral pain hypersensitivity in functional gut disorders (FGD). Perceptual wind-up (increased pain perception to constant intensity sensory stimuli at frequencies ⩾0.3 Hz) is used as a proxy for central sensitisation to investigate pain syndromes where pain hypersensitivity is important (for example, fibromyalgia). <b>Aims:</b> Wind-up in central sensitisation induced human visceral pain hypersensitivity has not been explored. We hypothesised that if wind-up is a proxy for central sensitisation induced human visceral pain hypersensitivity, then oesophageal wind-up should be enhanced by secondary hyperalgesia. <b>Methods:</b> In eight healthy volunteers (seven males; mean age 32 years), perception at pain threshold to a train of 20 electrical stimuli applied to the hand and upper oesophagus (UO) at either 0.1 Hz (control) or 2 Hz was determined before and one hour after a 30 minute lower oesophageal acid infusion. <b>Results:</b> Wind-up occurred only with the 2 Hz train in the UO and hand (both p = 0.01). Following acid infusion, pain threshold decreased (17 (4)%; p = 0.01) in the UO, suggesting the presence of secondary hyperalgesia. Wind-up to the 2 Hz train increased in the UO (wind-up ratio 1.4 (0.1) to 1.6 (0.1); p = 0.03) but not in the hand (wind-up ratio 1.3 (0.1) and 1.3 (0.1); p = 0.3) <b>Conclusion:</b> Enhanced wind-up after secondary oesophageal hyperalgesia suggests that visceral pain hypersensitivity induced by central sensitisation results from increased central neuronal excitability. Wind-up may offer new opportunities to investigate the contribution of central neuronal changes to symptoms in FGD.
Colorectal cancer screening uptake over three biennial invitation rounds in the English bowel cancer screening programme
Authors: Siu Hing Lo, Stephen Halloran, Julia Snowball, Helen Seaman, Jane Wardle, Christian von Wagner
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine patterns of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake over three biennial invitation rounds in the National Health Service (NHS) Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed data from the BCSP9s Southern Hub for individuals (n=62 099) aged 60–64 years at the time of first invitation to screening with a follow-up period that allowed for two further biennial invitations. Data on sex, age and a neighbourhood-level measure of socioeconomic deprivation were used in the analysis. Outcomes included uptake of guaiac-based faecal occult blood (gFOB) test screening, inadequate gFOB screening (≥1 test kit(s) returned but failed to complete further gFOB tests needed to reach a conclusive test result), test positivity, compliance with follow-up examinations (usually colonoscopy) and diagnostic outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> Overall gFOB uptake was 57.4% in the first, 60.9% in the second and 66.2% in third biennial invitation round. This resulted in 70.1% of the initial cohort having responded at least once, 60.7% at least twice and 44.4% three times. Participation in the first round was strongly predictive of participation in the second round ('Previous Responders': 86.6% vs 'Previous Non-Responders': 23.1%). Participation in the third round was highest among 'Consistent Screeners' (94.5%), followed by 'Late Entrants' (78.0%), 'Dropouts' (59.8%) and 'Consistent Non-Responders' (14.6%). Socioeconomic inequalities in uptake were observed across the three rounds, but sex inequalities decreased over rounds. Inadequate gFOB screening was influenced by screening history and socioeconomic deprivation. Screening history was the only significant predictor of follow-up compliance. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Screening history is associated with overall gFOB uptake, inadequate gFOB screening and follow-up compliance. Socioeconomic deprivation is also consistently associated with lower gFOB uptake and inadequate gFOB screening. Improving regular screening among identified 'at-risk' groups is important for the effectiveness of CRC screening programmes.
Accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients and long term symptoms.
Authors: C MacArthur, M Lewis, E G Knox
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the association between accidental dural puncture and long term headache and related symptoms. DESIGN--Postal questionnaire survey to elucidate new symptoms occurring after childbirth, and linking of these to data in obstetric and anaesthetic case notes. Women were surveyed between 13 months and nine years after delivery. SETTING--Birmingham Maternity Hospital. SUBJECTS--4700 women who had delivered their most recent baby under epidural anaesthesia, 74 of whom had suffered an accidental dural puncture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Frequencies of new headache or migraine or neck ache starting within three months after childbirth and lasting over six weeks. RESULTS--Among the 74 women who had had an accidental dural puncture there were 17 (23%) who reported one or more of the above symptoms. By comparison, among those who had had an epidural anaesthetic but no recorded puncture, only 329 (7.1%) reported these symptoms. The duration of the headache or migraine or neck ache in the dural tap group ranged from nine weeks to over eight years. Ten of these women reported still unresolved symptoms. CONCLUSIONS--Conclusions on causality were tentative. Most women would remember a dural tap, and this might influence their reporting of subsequent symptoms attributable to the event. In addition, detailed characterisation of the symptoms was not available. Nevertheless, the findings provide a clear indication of the need for further study of the possible long term sequelae of accidental dural puncture.
Upregulation of CD14 and CD18 on Monocytes In Vitro by Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies
Authors: RAINER NOWACK, KATHARINA SCHWALBE, LUIS-FELIPE FLORES-SUÁREZ, BENITO YARD, FOKKO J. VAN DER WOUDE
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. The expression of CD14, CD18, and major histocompatibility complex II on unprimed monocytes from healthy donors after incubation with IgG from patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-positive active Wegener's granulomatosis ( n = 6) and microscopic polyangiitis ( n = 6) in comparison with IgG from healthy controls ( n = 6) was studied. Monocytes were incubated with IgG (100 μg/ml) at 37°C, and expression of antigens was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter after 18 h. Cytoplasmic ANCA (C-ANCA) IgG and perinuclear ANCA (P-ANCA) IgG in comparison with control IgG increased the expression of CD14 (49.2% [SD: 37, P &lt; 0.001], and 55.8% [SD: 41, P &lt; 0.05]) and CD18 (11.4% [SD: 18, P &lt; 0.01] and 8% [SD: 26, P &lt; 0.05]) but did not change the major histocompatibility complex II expression. Upregulation of CD14 started after 6 h and reached a peak after 10 to 14 h of incubation and was not inhibited by polymyxin B. F(ab) 2 fragments of C- and P-ANCA IgG also increased expression of CD14 and CD18 as compared with control IgG F(ab) 2 , but for CD14 less than with complete IgG. ANCA IgG depleted of antiproteinase 3 and antimyeloperoxidase antibodies by immunoadsorption failed to upregulate CD14. Monoclonal murine antibodies against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase yielded a strong upregulation of CD14 when compared with an isotype control or human control IgG. The data show that CD14 and CD18 are upregulated on monocytes by C- and P-ANCA IgG in vitro , as well as by monoclonal antibodies against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase and that this effect is not dependent on Fcγ receptor crosslinking. Upregulation of CD14 and CD18 on monocytes by ANCA suggests a pathogenetic role of ANCA monocyte interactions in systemic vasculitis.
Recurrent unstable angina after directional coronary atherectomy is related to the extent of initial coronary plaque inflammation
Authors: Martijn Meuwissen, Jan J Piek, Allard C van der Wal, Steven A.J Chamuleau, Karel T Koch, Peter Teeling, Chris M van der Loos, Jan G.P Tijssen, Anton E Becker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The Fallacy of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Neoplasia
Authors: David Tarin
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Epithelial mesenchymal transition has been postulated as a versatile mechanism which facilitates cellular repositioning and redeployment during embryonic development, tissue reconstruction after injury, carcinogenesis, and tumor metastasis. The hypothesis originates from parallels drawn between the morphology and behavior of locomotory and sedentary cells in vitro and in various normal and pathologic processes in vivo. This review analyzes data from several studies on embryonic development, wound healing, and the pathology of human tumors, including work from our own laboratory, to assess the validity of the proposal. It is concluded that there is no convincing evidence for conversion of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cell lineages in vivo and that the biological repertoire of normal and malignant cells is sufficient to account for the events and processes observed, without needing to invoke radical changes in cell identity.
Vascular change measured with independent component analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI predicts bevacizumab response in high-grade glioma
Authors: Peter S. LaViolette, Alex D. Cohen, Melissa A. Prah, Scott D. Rand, Jennifer Connelly, Mark. G. Malkin, Wade. M. Mueller, Kathleen M. Schmainda
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

BackgroundStandard pre- and postcontrast (T1 + C) anatomical MR imaging is proving to be insufficient for accurately monitoring bevacizumab treatment response in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). We present a novel imaging biomarker that detects abnormal tumor vasculature exhibiting both arterial and venous perfusion characteristics. We hypothesized that a decrease in the extent of this abnormal vasculature after bevacizumab treatment would predict treatment efficacy and overall survival.
Interaction of CD44 and hyaluronan is the dominant mechanism for neutrophil sequestration in inflamed liver sinusoids
Authors: Braedon McDonald, Erin F. McAvoy, Florence Lam, Varinder Gill, Carol de la Motte, Rashmin C. Savani, Paul Kubes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Adhesion molecules known to be important for neutrophil recruitment in many other organs are not involved in recruitment of neutrophils into the sinusoids of the liver. The prevailing view is that neutrophils become physically trapped in inflamed liver sinusoids. In this study, we used a biopanning approach to identify hyaluronan (HA) as disproportionately expressed in the liver versus other organs under both basal and inflammatory conditions. Spinning disk intravital microscopy revealed that constitutive HA expression was restricted to liver sinusoids. Blocking CD44–HA interactions reduced neutrophil adhesion in the sinusoids of endotoxemic mice, with no effect on rolling or adhesion in postsinusoidal venules. Neutrophil but not endothelial CD44 was required for adhesion in sinusoids, yet neutrophil CD44 avidity for HA did not increase significantly in endotoxemia. Instead, activation of CD44–HA engagement via qualitative modification of HA was demonstrated by a dramatic induction of serum-derived HA-associated protein in sinusoids in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced hepatic injury was significantly reduced by blocking CD44–HA interactions. Administration of anti-CD44 antibody 4 hours after LPS rapidly detached adherent neutrophils in sinusoids and improved sinusoidal perfusion in endotoxemic mice, revealing CD44 as a potential therapeutic target in systemic inflammatory responses involving the liver.
Assessment of herd immunity and cross-protection after a human papillomavirus vaccination programme in Australia: a repeat cross-sectional study
Authors: Sepehr N Tabrizi, Julia M L Brotherton, John M Kaldor, S Rachel Skinner, Bette Liu, Deborah Bateson, Kathleen McNamee, Maria Garefalakis, Samuel Phillips, Eleanor Cummins, Michael Malloy, Suzanne M Garland
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Extended analysis of a genome-wide association study in primary sclerosing cholangitis detects multiple novel risk loci
Authors: Trine Folseraas, Espen Melum, Philipp Rausch, Brian D. Juran, Eva Ellinghaus, Alexey Shiryaev, Jon K. Laerdahl, David Ellinghaus, Christoph Schramm, Tobias J. Weismüller, Daniel Nils Gotthardt, Johannes Roksund Hov, Ole Petter Clausen, Rinse K. Weersma, Marcel Janse, Kirsten Muri Boberg, Einar Björnsson, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Isabelle Cleynen, Philip Rosenstiel, Kristian Holm, Andreas Teufel, Christian Rust, Christian Gieger, H-Erich Wichmann, Annika Bergquist, Euijung Ryu, Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Heiko Runz, Martina Sterneck, Severine Vermeire, Ulrich Beuers, Cisca Wijmenga, Erik Schrumpf, Michael P. Manns, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Stefan Schreiber, John F. Baines, Andre Franke, Tom H. Karlsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)