tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMPETITION FOR HIGH TALENT
Authors: M. H. Trytten
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The concern relating to the subject of compteition for high talent is one which is becoming increasingly manifest in a great variety of subject fields, among many professional organizations, and among many lay groups. The competition to recruit talented youths by the many specialized segments of our fields and professions seems certain to become an ever increasing concern of each activity segment of our intricate technological and industrial society.  It was this concern which led to the existence of the office where I serve. The practical cessation of graduate training during World War II, the advanced level of activity in the sciences, and the extraordinary stimulation of technology and science in and after the war produced an apparent disparity between the requirements for personnel of advanced training and the oncoming supply. Positive steps seemed indicated to call attention to facts and point to needed action.  Agencies for Recruitment  Since that
Reversal of Advanced Digoxin Intoxication with Fab Fragments of Digoxin-Specific Antibodies
Authors: Thomas W. Smith, Edgar Haber, Lawrence Yeatman, Vincent P. Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Purified Fab fragments of ovine digoxin-specific antibodies reversed severe digoxin intoxication in a patient who had taken 22.5 mg of the drug with suicidal intent. Atrioventricular block with extreme bradycardia was temporarily managed by pacing, but progressive, intractable hyperkalemia (serum potassium of 8.7 meq per liter) with increasing pacing threshold and progressive intraventricular conduction delay was controlled only after infusion of 1100 mg of Fab. Sinus rhythm returned 10 minutes after completion of Fab infusion. Within five hours, the serum potassium concentration fell to 4.0 meq per liter. Free digoxin concentrations in serum fell sharply to undetectable levels, whereas total serum digoxin concentration concomitantly increased 12-fold. Renal excretion of digoxin bound to Fab was documented. Reversal of toxicity was not accompanied by hemodynamic instability, and antibodies to sheep Fab fragments were not detected in the patient's serum after treatment. Thus, purified digoxin-specific Fab fragments are capable of rapid reversal of advanced digoxin toxicity.
RISK STRATIFICATION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN THE IMPROVE-IT TRIAL
Authors: Erin Ann Bohula May, Jennifer A. White, Michael Blazing, Robert Giugliano, Thomas Musliner, Andrew Tershakovec, Amy McCagg, Deepak Bhatt, Christopher Cannon, Robert Califf, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The Inner Consultation
Authors: D. Warriner
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Crucial to the satisfaction of general practice is the consultation, allowing the patient’s unadulterated narrative to be heard, guiding the clinician to formulate hypotheses, and embellishing the symbiotic doctor-patient relationship. The doctor must listen but also must examine, investigate, refer, and above all document, to differentiate the self limiting white noise from the pernicious red flag—and all this while acting without pressure from time, patient, or prejudice.

I was lent The Inner Consultation during my foundation year 2 placement in general practice and found it a revelation; it imparted order to consultations …
Community Mental Health Services in Britain
Authors: DOUGLAS BENNETT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Although the practice of psychiatry was similar in the United States and Britain during the last century, since then their paths have diverged, especially since the Second World War and the institution in Britain of the National Health Service. The major postwar development in Britain has been in social psychiatry, with particular reference to hospitalized psychotic patients. More recently, plans have been made to close mental hospitals and shift the locus of inpatient care to the general hospital. Projections have been made to provide services on a sector basis, in which teams of psychiatrists, nurses, and social workers serve population groups of 60,000 each and provide outpatient and transitional facilities as well as inpatient care. The author compares the different approaches in the United States and Britain and notes that, while neither can provide an ideal service, both can learn much from the differences.
Dexamethasone inhibits the proliferation of hepatocytes and oval cells but not bile duct cells in rat liver
Authors: Peter Nagy, Andras Kiss, Janos Schnur, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Recent advances have implicated the importance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the regulation of liver growth. Therefore, we studied how dexamethasone, a well-known inhibitor of these cytokines, influences the proliferation of different hepatic cell populations. As we expected, dexamethasone pretreatment suppressed the expression of both TNF and IL-6 after partial hepatectomy and significantly reduced the proliferative response of the hepatocytes. Furthermore, the proliferative response of hepatocytes could be rescued by IL-6 administration. Dexamethasone also severely diminished the induction and expansion of oval cells induced by the 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy (AAF/PH) protocol but did not have any effect on the proliferation of the bile duct cells stimulated by bile duct ligation. The differential inhibition of these two morphologically very similar cell types may be used to characterize divergent regulatory mechanisms responsible for the proliferative response of oval cells and adult bile epithelial cells.
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis are fully functional and not reduced in frequency
Authors: Moritz Peiseler, Marcial Sebode, Björn Franke, Frederike Wortmann, Dorothee Schwinge, Alexander Quaas, Udo Baron, Sven Olek, Christiane Wiegard, Ansgar W. Lohse, Christina Weiler-Normann, Christoph Schramm, Johannes Herkel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
SANDY CREEK PREFERS THE VOLUNTARY WAY
Authors: Mark L. Herman
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The following article is being quoted word for word as it appeared in a local newspaper,<i>The Watertown Times</i>, on Wednesday, May 4, 1949. <h3>New Doctor</h3> As I see It in the Sandy Creek News: A new doctor is coming in July and a new dentist about the same time; we got a barber in Sandy Creek as well as one in Lacona, so our hair doesn't grow down our necks, and it goes to show you what can be done if a bunch of fellows really get busy and try to put something over. I reproduce the item in the hope that it may be copied by newspapers all over the country, because in its few short lines there is a world of implication. In a very unassuming and straightforward manner it proclaims that the United States citizen when he becomes a community force, on even
Low Incidence of Rheumatoid Factor and Autoantibodies in Nigerian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: B. M. Greenwood, E. M. Herrick
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Sera from 53 Nigerian patients satisfying the American Rheumatism Association criteria for a diagnosis of definite or probable rheumatoid arthritis and sera from sick and healthy Nigerian controls were tested for rheumatoid factor, autoantibodies, and immunoglobulin levels. Rheumatoid factor and autoantibodies were found no more frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in controls. These findings confirm the clinical impression that Nigerian patients with polyarthritis satisfying the criteria for a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis differ from Caucasian patients with the disease in a number of important respects. They suggest that either these patients do not have rheumatoid arthritis but a distinct clinical syndrome or that in Nigeria the course of rheumatoid arthritis is modified by genetic or environmental factors.
Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: J A Vale, J G Prior, J P O'Hare, R J Flanagan, J Feehally
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with peritoneal dialysisEthylene glycol is commonly available as a constituent of antifreeze solutions and is itself non-toxic.Since, however, the ingestion of over about 100 ml ethylene glycol (1 8 mol; 110 g) in an adult is potentially lethal owing to the production of toxic metabolites, treatment with an inhibitor of ethylene glycol metabolism, of which ethanol is the most convenient, should be started as soon as is practicable.Peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis is also indicated to enhance the elimination of unchanged ethylene glycol and possibly also its metabolites, especially since renal impairment is one of the first serious mani- festations of poisoning with this compound.There have been few reports1 5 of the use of dialysis in such cases, however, and the amount of ethylene glycol recovered was calculated in only two patients, one a child treated with peritoneal dialysis4 and one an adult treated with Details of three patienits poisoned with ethylene glycol and treated with peritoneal dialysis Amount of Approximate Pre-dialysis Duration of ethylene glycol Renal excretion Case Age (years) amount of ethylene glycol
Reviews and Notes: Harrison's CD-ROM and Harrison's Plus CD-ROM
Authors: Paul Gorman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine15 May 1996Reviews and Notes: Harrison's CD-ROM and Harrison's Plus CD-ROMPaul Gorman, MDPaul Gorman, MDOregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201-3098Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-10-199605150-00041 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Version 1.0. KG Isselbacher, JB Martin, E Braunwald, AS Fauci, JD Wilson, and DL Kasper; eds and the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1995. Harrison's CD-ROM [Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th edition], $195.00. Harrison's Plus CD-ROM [Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th edition, and USP Drug Information for the Health Care Professional], $395.00 (includes 2 free updates within 12 months of purchase). Order phone 800-262-4729.Macintosh requirements: 4 MB RAM, System 7.0 or later, hard disk with at least 2 MB free, CD-ROM drive, Apple Macintosh-compatible printer, 256-color monitor for viewing color plates. IBM requirements: IBM 386 or ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201-3098 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1996Volume 124, Issue 10Page: 935-936KeywordsComputersDrug informationForecastingHealth careHealth information technologyInformation retrievalMitral stenosisRunningSoftware designUnited States pharmacopeia ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Origin of the Bacterial SET Domain Genes: Vertical or Horizontal?
Authors: Raul Alvarez-Venegas, Monther Sadder, Alexander Tikhonov, Zoya Avramova
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

The presence of Supressor of variegation-Enhanser of zeste-Trithorax (SET) domain genes in bacteria is a current paradigm for lateral genetic exchange between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Because a major function of SET domain proteins is the chemical modification of chromatin and bacteria do not have chromatin, there is no apparent functional requirement for the existence of bacterial SET domain genes. Consequently, their finding in only a small fraction of pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria was taken as evidence that bacteria have obtained the SET domain genes from their hosts. Furthermore, it was proposed that the products of the genes would, most likely, be involved in bacteria–host interactions. The broadened scope of sequenced bacterial genomes to include also free-living and environmental species provided a larger sample to analyze the bacterial SET domain genes. By phylogenetic analysis, examination of individual chromosomal regions for signs of insertion, and evaluating the chromosomal versus SET domain genes' GC contents, we provide evidence that SET domain genes have existed in the bacterial domain of life independently of eukaryotes. The bacterial genes have undergone an evolution of their own unconnected to the evolution of the eukaryotic SET domain genes. Initial finding of SET domain genes in predominantly pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria resulted, most probably, from a biased sample. However, a lateral transfer of SET domain genes may have occurred between some bacteria and a family of Archaea. A model for the evolution and distribution of SET domain genes in bacteria is proposed.
Reply to Benedict T. Blake-James and Mark Emberton’s Letter to the Editor re: Giacomo Novara, Antonio Galfano, Vincenzo Ficarra and Walter Artibani. Anticholinergic Drugs in Patients with Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 2006;50:675–83
Authors: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Evaluation of HIV-1 Immunogen, an Immunologic Modifier, Administered to Patients Infected With HIV Having 300 to 549 × 10&lt;SUP&gt;6&lt;/SUP&gt;/L CD4 Cell Counts&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: James O. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextDespite enormous improvements achieved through the use of antiretroviral therapies (ARTs), the risk for eventual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression remains high. Agents that enhance the immunologic mechanism for viral recognition might reduce disease progression.ObjectiveTo determine whether the addition of HIV-1 Immunogen would confer added clinical efficacy to that achievable by ARTs.Design and SettingMulticenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial beginning March 1996 and ending May 1999 conducted at 77 centers in the United States providing primary care or referral care for persons infected with HIV.PatientsAdults infected with HIV who have baseline CD4 cell counts between 300 × 106/L and 549 × 106/L without prior acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–defining conditions receiving stable ART (or no therapy) were screened and 2527 were randomized.InterventionsTen units of HIV-1 Immunogen, derived from a Zairian HIV isolate, inactivated and formulated with incomplete Freund adjuvant, was administered intramuscularly every 12 weeks. The placebo was incomplete Freund adjuvant. Changes in ARTs were allowed.Main Outcome MeasuresHIV progression-free survival; secondary end points included overall survival, changes in HIV RNA, CD4 cell counts, CD4 percentage, body weight, and immunogenicity.ResultsThe overall event rate was 1.8 per 100 person-years of follow-up. Fifty-three subjects developed clinical progression in each treatment group (relative risk [RR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-1.42; P = .89). There were 19 and 23 deaths in the placebo and HIV-1 Immunogen groups, respectively (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.44-1.48; P = .49). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to changes in HIV RNA (P = .59), CD4 percentage (P = .63), or body weight (P = .89). Subjects in the HIV-1 Immunogen group had an increase in average CD4 cell count of approximately 10 × 106/L greater than the placebo group (P = .02).ConclusionHIV-1 Immunogen with unrestricted ART failed to demonstrate an increase in HIV progression-free survival.
Hepatoprotective effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist, GFT505, in rodent models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Bart Staels, Anne Rubenstrunk, Benoit Noel, Géraldine Rigou, Philippe Delataille, Lesley J. Millatt, Morgane Baron, Anthony Lucas, Anne Tailleux, Dean W. Hum, Vlad Ratziu, Bertrand Cariou, Rémy Hanf
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. To date, no pharmacological treatment is approved for NAFLD/NASH. Here, we report on preclinical and clinical data with GFT505, a novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta (PPAR-α/δ) agonist. In the rat, GFT505 concentrated in the liver with limited extrahepatic exposure and underwent extensive enterohepatic cycling. The efficacy of GFT505 was assessed in animal models of NAFLD/NASH and liver fibrosis (Western diet [WD]-fed human apolipoprotein E2 [hApoE2] transgenic mice, methionine- and choline-deficient diet-fed db/db mice, and CCl4-induced fibrosis in rats). GFT505 demonstrated liver-protective effects on steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. In addition, GFT505 improved liver dysfunction markers, decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, and inhibited proinflammatory (interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and F4/80) and profibrotic (transforming growth factor beta, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, collagen type I, alpha 1, and collagen type I, alpha 2) gene expression. To determine the role of PPAR-α-independent mechanisms, the effect of GFT505 was assessed in hApoE2 knock-in/PPAR-α knockout mice. In these mice, GFT505 also prevented WD-induced liver steatosis and inflammation, indicating a contribution of PPAR-α-independent mechanisms. Finally, the effect of GFT505 on liver dysfunction markers was assessed in a combined analysis of four phase II clinical studies in metabolic syndrome patients. GFT505 treatment decreased plasma concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: The dual PPAR-α/δ agonist, GFT505, is a promising liver-targeted drug for treatment of NAFLD/NASH. In animals, its protective effects are mediated by both PPAR-α-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (Hepatology 2013; 58:1941–1952)
Abnormal Alpha-Cell Function in Diabetes
Authors: Walter A. Müller, Gerald R. Faloona, Eugenio Aguilar-Parada, Roger H. Unger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The effect of large carbohydrate or protein meals upon plasma glucagon was compared in 14 nondiabetic and 24 diabetic patients. In nondiabetic subjects carbohydrate suppressed mean glucagon concentration from 126 ± 15 μμg (S.E.M.) to 90 ± 11 μμg (S.E.M.) per milliliter. In adult-type and juvenile-type diabetes, however, glucagon did not fall despite marked hyperglycemia. In nondiabetic subjects protein increased mean glucagon from 121 ± 11 (S.E.M.) to a peak of 203 ± 18 μμg (S.E.M.) per milliliter. In diabetes of both types protein induced a similar rise in glucagon despite fasting plasma glucose levels averaging above 215 mg per 100 ml. In nondiabetic subjects made hyperglycemic by glucose infusion, protein ingestion failed to stimulate glucagon. In normal persons glucagon falls after carbohydrate and rises after protein, unless hyperglycemia is induced. In diabetic patients glucagon is not suppressed by carbohydrate and rises normally after protein despite hyperglycemia. Inappropriate hyperglucagonemia appears to be a common feature of human diabetes that must exaggerate the metabolic consequences of insulin lack and unfavorably influence diabetic control.
Applications submitted to regional research committees in 1976 and their outcome.
Authors: B T Williams
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In 1976 regional research committees in England and their equivalent in the Welsh Office judged 608 proposals for funding under the locally organised research scheme. Of these, 521 were new proposals and 87 were resubmissions. Medically and dentally qualified applicants made 451 (87%) of the new proposals; nearly two-thirds came from teaching areas and 21% from staff of academic departments. Two hundred and ninety new proposals were approved, 154 rejected, and 77 were referred back for modification. Approval was commoner for applications from teaching areas, from medical staff, and for the less expensive projects. Some regional committees did not support research into the organisation of health services. Under a quarter of the resubmitted projects were rejected. The scheme is not yet used by a wide range of health-care professions. Medical staff in teaching areas still use it most. In some regions prospective researchers, especially those without previous experience, need a comprehensive and easily identifiable counselling service, so that the fund may be exploited in the way originally intended and the number of unsuccessful proposals reduced.
Introduction to Clinical Therapeutics
Authors: John A. Jarcho, Julie R. Ingelfinger, Caren G. Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Five years ago, the Journal introduced Clinical Practice, a series of review articles intended to provide practical guidance in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of clinical problems at the interface of primary and specialty care. Our goal was to combine in a concise format a critical review of the literature with practical advice about management. Authors are chosen for their established expertise in a subject area and asked to provide clinical recommendations, specifying whether these are supported by rigorous data. In this issue of the Journal, we introduce a related series of review articles entitled Clinical Therapeutics. Like Clinical Practice . . .
Abstract 4159: Expression of miRNAs associated with DNA repair capacity in women with breast cancer.
Authors: Jaime L. Matta, Luisa Morales, Carmen Ortiz, Celestino Zayas, Erick Suarez
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous, short (19-24 nucleotides) non-protein-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level via binding to 3′-untranslated regions of protein-coding transcripts. A low DNA repair capacity (DRC) is an important risk factor for breast cancer (BC). We are currently investigating whether miRNAs expression is associated with dysregulation of DRC in women with BC. To that effect, we obtained plasma from 30 BC cases and 30 controls selected based on their DRC levels. DRC was measured in lymphocytes using a host cell reactivation assay. Samples were analyzed for miRNA expression utilizing protocols from Applied Biosystems (Life Technologies). After QA/QC, 27 BC cases and 29 controls whose DRC data was available from our cohort study were selected and miRNAs isolated from plasma. The miRNA expression profiling was performed utilizing the RT-PCR TaqMan Array Human MicroRNA A Cards v 2.0 (Applied Biosystems). Single-stranded cDNA was synthesized from 200 ng of total RNA in 8 Multiplex RT primer pool reactions containing stem-looped RT primers that were specific to mature miRNAs. U6 snRNA-001973 was selected for normalization based on our own experimental validations. To quantify the association of the miRNA expression the fold change () was estimated for every detector with the p-values based on the t-test. Significant candidate miRNAs were determined with the false discovery rate of 4%. The results showed that twelve miRNAs are underexpressed in patients with BC relative to controls. These candidate miRNAs were associated with the expression of twenty seven DNA repair genes. Two of these genes (RPA3, MMS19L) are part of the NER pathway which has recently been linked to breast carcinogenesis. Our pilot study data suggests that differential expression of some miRNAs might be associated with dysregulation of DRC in women with BC. Supported by grants S06 GM008239-20, MBRS-RISE GM082406 [NIH-NIGMS] and 1SCA157250-2 from the NCI Center to Reduce Health Disparities, and NIH-MBRS Program (NIGMS). Citation Format: Jaime L. Matta, Luisa Morales, Carmen Ortiz, Celestino Zayas, Erick Suarez. Expression of miRNAs associated with DNA repair capacity in women with breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4159