tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulatory responses during competitive singles tennis
Authors: S M Morante, J R Brotherhood
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objectives: To provide examples of thermoregulatory responses during competitive singles tennis and comparisons with continuous, steady-state running. Methods: Typical examples of body core (rectal) temperature, skin temperature and heart rate were selected to show the differing characteristics of tennis and running, and the corresponding thermal environments. Rectal and skin temperatures were logged each minute and heart rate logged every 15 seconds throughout the competitive “best of three sets” singles tennis matches and 60-minute continuous, steady-state running trials. Tennis matches were completed outdoors in widely varying thermal environments, and the running trials were completed in the laboratory under stable conditions. Results: Rectal temperature in tennis was raised only slightly above resting levels, reaching a plateau relative to the exercise intensity. Rectal temperature during tennis was found to take longer to reach a plateau than continuous, steady-state exercise. Skin temperature during tennis varied widely depending on environmental air temperature, and was lower than that of runners at the same air temperature. Heart rate was very similar between opponents for both average and response characteristics during tennis. A wider range and higher peak values were found for tennis players compared with runners. Conclusions: This report provides a descriptive account of thermoregulatory response characteristics during singles tennis. Differences between outdoor tennis and continuous, steady-state running in the laboratory for each of these responses were found.
Apolipoprotein e genotype and changes in serum lipids and maximal oxygen uptake with exercise training
Authors: Paul D Thompson, Gregory J Tsongalis, Richard L Seip, Cherie Bilbie, Mary Miles, Robert Zoeller, Paul Visich, Paul Gordon, Theodore J Angelopoulos, Linda Pescatello, Linda Bausserman, Niall Moyna
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Relationship Between Reproductive Status and Mood in Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Peter J. Schmidt, Nazli Haq, David R. Rubinow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Mood and reproductive function were prospectively evaluated in asymptomatic premenopausal women to determine whether the onset of depression was temporally linked to the perimenopause.Twenty-nine asymptomatic, regularly cycling women were monitored longitudinally for an average of 5 years until at least 6 months of amenorrhea occurred. Outcome measures included mood ratings and menstrual diaries completed daily, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone obtained at 3-6-month intervals. The number of episodes of depression and their timing relative to the final menstrual period were determined. Differences in outcome measures between women who did and did not become depressed during the perimenopause were determined by Student's t test, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact test.The authors observed 11 episodes of new-onset depression in nine of the 29 women. In the 24 months surrounding the last menstrual period nine episodes of depression were observed. Six of the nine women who became depressed during the study had no prior depressive episodes. For the 24 months surrounding the final menses, the risk for onset of depression was 14 times as high as for a 31-year premenopausal period of time. Women who developed depression during the perimenopause were not distinguished from those who remained asymptomatic on the basis of symptom profile, duration of the perimenopause, endocrine measures, or past historical variables.These preliminary data suggest that events related to the late perimenopause may be associated with an increased susceptibility to develop depression in some women.
Cytokine regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in rat hepatocytes: NF-κB-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) prevents apoptosis
Authors: Marieke H. Schoemaker, Jenny E. Ros, Manon Homan, Christian Trautwein, Peter Liston, Klaas Poelstra, Harry van Goor, Peter L.M. Jansen, Han Moshage
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
The transferome of metabolic genes explored: analysis of the horizontal transfer of enzyme encoding genes in unicellular eukaryotes
Authors: John W Whitaker, Glenn A McConkey, David R Westhead
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Abstract Background Metabolic networks are responsible for many essential cellular processes, and exhibit a high level of evolutionary conservation from bacteria to eukaryotes. If genes encoding metabolic enzymes are horizontally transferred and are advantageous, they are likely to become fixed. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has played a key role in prokaryotic evolution and its importance in eukaryotes is increasingly evident. High levels of endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT) accompanied the establishment of plastids and mitochondria, and more recent events have allowed further acquisition of bacterial genes. Here, we present the first comprehensive multi-species analysis of E/HGT of genes encoding metabolic enzymes from bacteria to unicellular eukaryotes. Results The phylogenetic trees of 2,257 metabolic enzymes were used to make E/HGT assertions in ten groups of unicellular eukaryotes, revealing the sources and metabolic processes of the transferred genes. Analyses revealed a preference for enzymes encoded by genes gained through horizontal and endosymbiotic transfers to be connected in the metabolic network. Enrichment in particular functional classes was particularly revealing: alongside plastid related processes and carbohydrate metabolism, this highlighted a number of pathways in eukaryotic parasites that are rich in enzymes encoded by transferred genes, and potentially key to pathogenicity. The plant parasites Phytophthora were discovered to have a potential pathway for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis of E/HGT origin not seen before in eukaryotes outside the Plantae. Conclusions The number of enzymes encoded by genes gained through E/HGT has been established, providing insight into functional gain during the evolution of unicellular eukaryotes. In eukaryotic parasites, genes encoding enzymes that have been gained through horizontal transfer may be attractive drug targets if they are part of processes not present in the host, or are significantly diverged from equivalent host enzymes.
HETEROTOPIC ARTIFICIAL HEART AS BRIDGE TO CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: A. Carpentier, P. Perier, J.P. Brugger, G. Dreyfus, B. Berthier, B. Abry, M. Meli, CH. Hahn, D. Bensasson, P. Guibourt, B. Mollin, C. Dubost, R. Odermatt, L. Schahmaneche, D. Tournay, R. Guillemain, J.N. Fabiani, J. Gay
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
On the Origin and Structure of Certain Loose Bodies in the Knee-Joint
Authors: H. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1888)

a letter from Professor Humphry in the JOUrUNAL of March 17th (at page 613), on " Loose Bodies in the Knee-Joint,' the follow- ing sentences occur: "I am correctly stated to have expressed my scepticism in regard to the possibility of the formation of these loose bodies by the detachment of portions of the articular cartilages."" It must be a very extraordinary and violent acci- dent that would break off into the joint a piece of the articular cartilage, with or without bone, of the femur or the tibia.One can scarcely imagine the occurrence of such an accident, or con- ceive how it could take place." We have a ready and sufficient explanation of the formation of loose bodies in the growth...... of tufts or processes of synovial membrane, which......naturally con- taining cartilage cells, may become the seat of cartilage-growth and ossification, and by rupture of the pedicle become loose in the joint.We need not therefore search for other and highly impro- bable modes of origin."" I can scarcely suppose that anyone really believes that a portion of bone detached by the process of necro- sis can be converted into one of these bodies, though such a sug- gestion is actually made in a recent and important work on surgery."But for the adjective "important," I should conclude that the work alluded to is one for which I am responsible (Diseases of the Joints, Cassell and Co. 1886), for I have stated, at page 181, (1) that "pieces of cartilage, with or without por- tions of the underlying bone may, after injury, as pointed out by Teale, Sir James Paget, and others, exfoliate and drop loose into the joint, without the symptoms of inflammation usually observed in cases that end in necrosis; or (2) a piece of cartilage, or of cartilage and some of the adjacent bone may be chipped off and fall
The second sound in pulmonary embolism: an experimental study
Authors: A. A. LUISADA, D. M. MACCANON, B. COLEMAN, M. WATTS, L. FEIGEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The authors study the cause of the wide splitting of the second heart sound in experimental obstruction of small pulmonary arteries. It is demonstrated that the obstruction causes a retrograde flow at the beginning of diastole, which slows the drop of pressure in the right ventricle and delays the closure of the pulmonary valve.
Parallels and contrasts with primate cultural research
Authors: Robert C. O'Malley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The types of cetacean cultural behavior patterns described (primarily food-related and communication-related) reflect a very different research focus than that found in primatology, where dietary variation and food processing is emphasized and other potentially “cultural” patterns have (until recently) been relatively neglected. The lack of behavioral research in all but a few cetacean species is also notable, as it mirrors a bias in primatology towards only a few genera.
Severe Pneumonia Due to Aeromonus Hydrophila in a Patient with Advanced Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm(Ipmn)
Authors: Yasuyuki Shigematsu, Takafumi Koyama, Yoriko Hasegawa, Ayako Hiramatsu, Takao Fujisawa, Yumi Fujimoto, Kentaro Narita, Yuko Yukawa, Takeshi Yanagihara, Yu Oyama
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Information provision for allergic consumers – where are we going with food allergen labelling?
Authors: E. N. C. Mills, E. Valovirta, C. Madsen, S. L. Taylor, S. Vieths, E. Anklam, S. Baumgartner, P. Koch, R. W. R. Crevel, L. Frewer
Journal: Allergy (2004)

As the current treatment for food allergy involves dietary exclusion of the problem food, information for food‐allergic consumers provided on food labels about the nature of allergenic ingredients is important to the management of their condition. The members of an EU‐funded networking project, InformAll, focusing on developing strategies for the provision of credible, reliable sources of information for food allergy sufferers, regulators and the food industry, have been considering these matters with respect to food labelling. This paper presents an overview of the genesis of the new EU directive on food labelling, its relevance to food‐allergic consumers and the problems that might arise if precautionary labelling becomes more widespread in response to concerns regarding inadvertent allergen contamination in foods. International efforts to define threshold levels of allergens able to trigger a reaction coupled with validated allergen detection methods are essential if the food industry is to implement effective hazard control procedures and address the problems of cross‐contact allergens without devaluing the information provided to consumers on food labels.
RAPID TREATMENT OF THE PSYCHOTIC PATIENT INTEGRATING ELECTRONARCOSIS AND PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: ESTHER BOGEN-TIETZ, JO H. JORDAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

The psychotic patient, no matter what his underlying character structure may be, reacts against deprivation with the defense of a break with reality. Intensive EN quickly produces a state in which gratification of infantile needs becomes the basis for reality contact. While reality contact is sustained with maintenance EN, re-education leads to a secure basis for restructuring psychotherapy. This, in turn, makes the defensive break with reality unnecessary.
Suppression of Apoptosis by Nitric Oxide via Inhibition of Interleukin-1β–converting Enzyme (ICE)-like and Cysteine Protease Protein (CPP)-32–like Proteases
Authors: Stefanie Dimmeler, Judith Haendeler, Michael Nehls, Andreas M. Zeiher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Physiological levels of shear stress alter the genetic program of cultured endothelial cells and are associated with reduced cellular turnover rates and formation of atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. To test the hypothesis that shear stress (15 dynes/cm2) interferes with programmed cell death, apoptosis was induced in human umbilical venous cells (HUVEC) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Apoptosis was quantified by ELISA specific for histone-associated DNA-fragments and confirmed by demonstrating the specific pattern of internucleosomal DNA-fragmentation. TNF-alpha (300 U/ml) mediated increase of DNA-fragmentation was completely abrogated by shear stress (446 +/- 121% versus 57 +/- 11%, P <0.05). This anti-apoptotic activity of shear stress decreased after pharmacological inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide (NO)-synthase by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and was completely reproduced by exogenous NO-donors. The activation of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like and cysteine protease protein (CPP)-32-like cysteine proteases was required to mediate TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis of HUVEC. Endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) as well as exogenous NO donors inhibited TNF-alpha-induced cysteine protease activation. Inhibition of CPP-32 enzyme activity was due to specific S-nitrosylation of Cys 163, a functionally essential amino acid conserved among ICE/CPP-32-like proteases. Thus, we propose that shear stress-mediated NO formation interferes with cell death signal transduction and may contribute to endothelial cell integrity by inhibition of apoptosis.
Long-Term in Utero Drainage of Fetal Hydrothorax
Authors: Charles H. Rodeck, Nicholas M. Fisk, David I. Fraser, Umberto Nicolini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

FETAL hydrothorax has a perinatal mortality of 57 to 100 percent. Mortality is higher when the hydrothorax occurs in association with generalized hydrops than when it is an isolated finding.1 , 2 Intrathoracic compression of the developing lung produces pulmonary hypoplasia, which is the main cause of perinatal death in fetuses with hydrothorax.1 , 2 Large pleural effusions may cause hydramnios by interfering with fetal swallowing and hydrops by vena caval obstruction and cardiac compression.3 , 4 Chylothorax, the most common cause of hydrothorax in neonates,5 can be diagnosed by demonstrating chylomicrons in pleural fluid after alimentation; however, the differentiation of this entity from other causes . . .
Diagnostic Value of Radiologic Techniques in Lymph Node Staging of Gastric and Esophagogastric Junction Tumors
Authors: Nadia Hindi, Victor Moreno, Santiago Valderrabano, Monica Coronado, Miguel Angel Granado, Eva Marin, Maria Dolores Martin-Arranz, Ana Custodio, Elsa Bernal, Beatriz Jimenez, Oliver Higuera, Javier Salinas, Jaime Feliu, Juan Antonio Gonzalez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Severe recurrent cholestatic hepatitis C following orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: L K Schluger, P A Sheiner, S N Thung, J Y Lau, A Min, D C Wolf, I Fiel, D Zhang, M A Gerber, C M Miller, H C Bodenheimer
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Recurrent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is almost universal following orthotopic liver transplantation although clinical severity varies. Data on 135 patients who underwent transplantation for hepatitis C cirrhosis were reviewed. We describe a progressive, severe cholestatic form of hepatitis occurring in a subgroup of patients with recurrent hepatitis C. Ten patients with severe recurrent hepatitis C were identified; 1 has died, 1 awaits retransplantation, and 8 have undergone retransplantation. All 10 developed severe progressive cholestatic hepatitis, with a mean rise in bilirubin to 24.7 mg/dL at the time of retransplantation. Histology at initial recurrence was of mild hepatitis without evidence of rejection. The failed grafts showed either cirrhosis or confluent hepatic necrosis. The onset of cholestasis preceded retransplantation by less than 5 months. Our study suggests that a minority of patients with recurrent hepatitis C after undergoing liver transplantation develop a severe progressive cholestatic hepatitis and liver failure.
Health impact of pain in the hip region with and without radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis: a study of new attenders to primary care
Authors: F. Birrell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To assess the health impact of hip pain at the time of first presentation to primary care, and the influence on this of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis. <h3>SUBJECTS AND METHODS</h3> Cross sectional survey of 195 patients (63 male, 132 female), aged 40 years and over, presenting with a new episode of hip pain, recruited from 35 general practices across the UK. Health status at presentation was determined by a structured questionnaire on symptoms, healthcare use, and health related quality of life (SF-36). Pelvic radiographs were assessed blindly for hip osteoarthritis using standard scoring systems. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The overall impact on health was substantial. Before their first consultation, three quarters of patients needed analgesics, half used topical creams or ointments, and one in eight used a walking stick. Most of these impact measures were, however, unrelated to the degree of radiographic change, though use of a walking stick was increased in those with the most severe damage. Health status, as judged by the SF-36, was also impaired for measures of physical function and pain, but the impact on the "mental health", "general health", and "vitality" dimensions was small. There was a weak relation between the SF-36 scores and radiographic change, with many domains unrelated to the severity of radiographic damage. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> This study is the first to show the therapeutic impact and pattern of impairment in health status resulting from hip pain at the time of first presentation to the healthcare services. Unlike many regional pain syndromes seen in primary care, such as back pain, hip pain does not impact on wider aspects of quality of life, such as general health status, mental health, or vitality. Furthermore, any impact of hip pain in this group is not markedly influenced by the degree of structural damage. Further follow up is required to determine whether such damage influences the persistence of any adverse impact.
P13 Clinical, radiographic and pulmonary function findings in silicosis
Authors: C. Lucas, N. Hirani, A. Simpson, P. Reid
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Introduction Silicosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of respirable silica. The condition is irreversible, and may be complicated by other pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases. We describe clinical, radiographic and pulmonary function testing characteristics in a case series of silicosis. Methods Cases were identified from clinics in two Edinburgh teaching hospitals. The diagnosis was based on characteristic radiographic features and a history of exposure to respirable silica; in two subjects silicosis was confirmed by surgical biopsy. Average length of follow up was 64 months. Results 18 cases were identified, all were male. Median age = 52 years (range 28–66). 12 subjects worked as stonemasons, 5 as miners and 1 in a brick works. Common symptoms at presentation were dyspnoea (61%), cough (44%) and sputum (33%) but one-third were entirely asymptomatic and identified by radiological screening. Asymptomatic subjects tended to be younger; median 41 (range 28–66) vs 53 (range 28–66). 15 subjects (83%) had an abnormal CXR; the remainder had abnormalities on HRCT only. PMF was present in 9 cases (50%), one of whom was asymptomatic, and significant emphysema was present in 2 cases (11%). 60% of subjects with simple silicosis had normal spirometry and normal transfer factor (TCO). Seven subjects had obstructive spirometry; four were ex- or current smokers (average 16.5 pack years) and three never smokers. Only three subjects had a restrictive defect on spirometry, two of whom had radiographic evidence of PMF. 81% with a reduction in gas transfer had either a smoking habit or PMF. Lymphopenia was present in six subjects. Ten subjects had immunology performed; four were positive for anti-nuclear antibodies; one subject had a pre-existing diagnosis of systemic sclerosis and one subsequently developed SLE. All subjects had normal renal function. Two subjects developed mycobacterium tuberculosis and two (both smokers) developed bronchogenic carcinoma. Conclusions Despite the risks of silicosis being well described and legislation aimed at controlling silica exposure local experience suggests a resurgence of silicosis, particularly amongst younger workers who may be asymptomatic and may not have significant lung function changes.
Syndromes of Glucocorticoid Resistance
Authors: George P. Chrousos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Glucocorticoid resistance results from the partial, albeit apparently generalized, inability of glucocorticoids to exert their effects on target tissues. The condition is associated with compensatory increases in circulating pituitary corticotropin and cortisol, with the former causing excess secretion of both adrenal androgens and adrenal steroid biosynthesis intermediates with salt-retaining activity. The manifestations of glucocorticoid resistance vary from chronic fatigue (perhaps a result of glucocorticoid deficiency in the central nervous system) to various degrees of hypertension with or without hypokalemic alkalosis or hyperandrogenism, or both, caused by increased cortisol and other salt-retaining steroids and adrenal androgens, respectively. In women, hyperandrogenism can result in acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, oligoanovulation, and infertility; in men, it may lead to infertility and in children, to precocious puberty. Different molecular defects, such as point mutations or a microdeletion of the highly conserved glucocorticoid receptor gene, alter the functional characteristics or concentrations of the intracellular receptor and appear to cause glucocorticoid resistance. The extreme variability in the clinical manifestations of glucocorticoid resistance and its mimicry of many common diseases can be explained by the overall degree of glucocorticoid resistance, differing sensitivity of target tissues to mineralocorticoids or androgens or both, and perhaps different biochemical defects of the glucocorticoid receptor, with selective resistance of certain glucocorticoid responses in specific tissues. The various different symptoms of classic glucocorticoid resistance and the theoretical potential of this condition to appear surreptitiously emphasize the importance of the glucocorticoid receptor in the pathogenesis of human disease.