tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 genotype and risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers
Authors: L. C. Harty, N. E. Caporaso, R. B. Hayes, D. M. Winn, E. Bravo-Otero, W. J. Blot, D. V. Kleinman, L. M. Brown, H. K. Armenian, J. F. Fraumeni, P. G. Shields
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

The consumption of alcoholic beverages is a strong risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (oral cancers). Alcohol dehydrogenase type 3 (ADH3) metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, a carcinogen. We evaluated whether individuals homozygous for the fast-metabolizing ADH3(1) allele (ADH3[1-1]) have a greater risk of developing oral cancer in the presence of alcoholic beverage consumption than those with the slow-metabolizing ADH3(2) allele (ADH3[1-2] and ADH3[2-2]).As part of a population-based study of oral cancer conducted in Puerto Rico, the ADH3 genotypes of 137 patients with histologically confirmed oral cancer and of 146 control subjects (i.e., individuals with no history of oral cancer) were determined by molecular genetic analysis of oral epithelial cell samples. Risks were estimated by use of multiple logistic regression analyses.Compared with nondrinkers with the ADH3(1-1) genotype, consumers of at least 57 alcoholic drinks per week with the ADH3(1-1), ADH3(1-2), and ADH3(2-2) genotypes had 40.1-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.4-296.0), 7.0-fold (95% CI = 1.4-35.0), and 4.4-fold (95% CI = 0.6-33.0) increased risks of oral cancer, respectively; the risk associated with the ADH3(1-1) genotype, compared with the ADH3(1-2) and ADH3(2-2) genotypes combined, was 5.3 (95% CI = 1.0-28.8) among such drinkers. Considering all levels of alcohol consumption, the risk of oral cancer per additional alcoholic drink per week increased 3.6% (95% CI = 1.9%-5.4%) for subjects with the ADH3(1-1) genotype and 2.0% (95% CI = 0.9%-3.0%) for subjects with the ADH3(1-2) or ADH3(2-2) genotype (two-sided P = .04).The ADH3(1-1) genotype appears to substantially increase the risk of ethanol-related oral cancer, thus providing further evidence for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde.
FOXP3 Up-regulates <i>p21</i> Expression by Site-Specific Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 2/Histone Deacetylase 4 Association to the Locus
Authors: Runhua Liu, Lizhong Wang, Guoyun Chen, Hiroto Katoh, Chong Chen, Yang Liu, Pan Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

p21 loss has been implicated in conferring oncogenic activity to known tumor suppressor gene KLF4 and cancer drug tamoxifen. Regulators of p21, therefore, play critical roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we report that X-linked tumor suppressor FOXP3 is essential for p21 expression in normal epithelia and that lack of FOXP3 is associated with p21 down-regulation in breast cancer samples. A specific FOXP3 binding site in the intron 1 is essential for p21 induction by FOXP3. FOXP3 specifically inhibited binding of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and HDAC4 to the site and increased local histone H3 acetylation. Short hairpin RNA silencing of either HDAC2 or HDAC4 is sufficient to induce p21 expression. Our data provides a novel mechanism for transcription activation by FOXP3 and a genetic mechanism for lack of p21 in a large proportion of breast cancer.
Chlorine, pH, and Control of Legionella in Hospital Plumbing Systems
Authors: Stanley J. States
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We wish to add a few comments to the excellent letter recently published inThe Journalconcerning control of<i>Legionella</i>in potable water.<sup>1</sup>Mead et al showed that continuous hyperchlorination of plumbing systems, at chlorine levels as low as 0.5 mg/L or less, may be adequate to prevent colonization and replication of<i>Legionella</i>. Their finding is based on experience with a hospital system in which chlorine is being supplied at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L and in which, for corrosion control purposes, the water pH has been elevated from 6.7 to 8.8. It is not certain to us that control of<i>Legionella</i>can be achieved by low chlorine concentrations alone. In an earlier study, it was shown that natural strains of legionellae are substantially more resistant to chlorine than a number of other waterborne bacteria.<sup>2</sup>Furthermore, legionellae obtained from a hyperchlorinated hospital plumbing system
Elevated Cytosolic Na <sup>+</sup> Increases Mitochondrial Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Failing Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Michael Kohlhaas, Ting Liu, Andreas Knopp, Tanja Zeller, Mei Fang Ong, Michael Böhm, Brian O'Rourke, Christoph Maack
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Oxidative stress is causally linked to the progression of heart failure, and mitochondria are critical sources of reactive oxygen species in failing myocardium. We previously observed that in heart failure, elevated cytosolic Na(+) ([Na(+)](i)) reduces mitochondrial Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](m)) by accelerating Ca(2+) efflux via the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Because the regeneration of antioxidative enzymes requires NADPH, which is indirectly regenerated by the Krebs cycle, and Krebs cycle dehydrogenases are activated by [Ca(2+)](m), we speculated that in failing myocytes, elevated [Na(+)](i) promotes oxidative stress.We used a patch-clamp-based approach to simultaneously monitor cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) and, alternatively, mitochondrial H(2)O(2) together with NAD(P)H in guinea pig cardiac myocytes. Cells were depolarized in a voltage-clamp mode (3 Hz), and a transition of workload was induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation. During this transition, NAD(P)H initially oxidized but recovered when [Ca(2+)](m) increased. The transient oxidation of NAD(P)H was closely associated with an increase in mitochondrial H(2)O(2) formation. This reactive oxygen species formation was potentiated when mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake was blocked (by Ru360) or Ca(2+) efflux was accelerated (by elevation of [Na(+)](i)). In failing myocytes, H(2)O(2) formation was increased, which was prevented by reducing mitochondrial Ca(2+) efflux via the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger.Besides matching energy supply and demand, mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake critically regulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. In heart failure, elevated [Na(+)](i) promotes reactive oxygen species formation by reducing mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. This novel mechanism, by which defects in ion homeostasis induce oxidative stress, represents a potential drug target to reduce reactive oxygen species production in the failing heart.
West Nile virus outbreak in humans, Greece, 2012: third consecutive year of local transmission
Authors: D Pervanidou, M Detsis, K Danis, K Mellou, E Papanikolaou, I Terzaki, A Baka, L Veneti, A Vakali, G Dougas, C Politis, K Stamoulis, S Tsiodras, T Georgakopoulou, A Papa, A Tsakris, J Kremastinou, C Hadjichristodoulou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Tardy DCs to the (Th1) rescue
Authors: Rebecca Blank
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

In newborns, the sluggish appearance of one cell population means death to another, according to Lee et al. on page 2269. These results may help explain why newborns are highly susceptible to certain infections.






Figure 1

Delayed development of interferon-γ–producing Th1 cells in newborns.




Newborn mice exposed to antigen respond by activating both T helper (Th)-1 and Th2 cells. Yet a second exposure causes allergy-promoting Th2 cells to thrive but microbe-fighting Th1 cells to die. Previous work by this group showed that antigen exposure during the first few days of life caused Th1 cells to express the cytokine receptor chain IL-13Rα1, a receptor not commonly found on these cells, which then teamed up with the IL-4Rα chain. The resulting heteroreceptor induced Th1 cell death when triggered by Th2-promoting IL-4 during secondary antigen exposure.

At six days of age, the authors now show, Th1 cells had a reversal of fortune. The turning point was marked by the appearance of a subset of antigen-presenting CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) that churned out life-saving IL-12. Giving newborns extra IL-12, which is feebly produced before day 6, or providing them with IL-12–producing DCs blunted the expression of IL-13Rα1 and rescued the Th1 cells. What delays the development of this DC population relative to other subsets remains unknown. RB
Psoriasis: familial predisposition and environmental factors.
Authors: G Kavli, O H Forde, E Arnesen, S E Stenvold
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In a survey for coronary risk factors 14 667 adult men and women answered a questionnaire on lifestyle, diet, and health, including whether they had psoriasis. The overall prevalence of psoriasis was 4.79% in men and 4.85% in women. The data showed an increasing incidence of psoriasis. The association with family history, lifestyle, diet, and health was explored by multiple regression analysis. The occurrence of psoriasis in first degree relatives contributed to more than 90% of the explained variance for both sexes. Of the other variables, only the positive association with rheumatoid arthritis was significant in both sexes. It is concluded that the examined environmental factors have only minor effects on the prevalence of psoriasis.
Neoplastic transformation of cultured mammalian cells by estrogens and estrogenlike chemicals.
Authors: T Tsutsui, J C Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Estrogens are clearly carcinogenic in humans and rodents but the mechanisms by which these hormones induce cancer are only partially understood. Stimulation of cell proliferation and gene expression by binding to the estrogen receptor is one important mechanism in hormonal carcinogenesis; however, estrogenicity is not sufficient to explain the carcinogenic activity of all estrogens because some estrogens are not carcinogenic. Estrogens are nonmutagenic in many assays but exhibit specific types of genotoxic activity under certain conditions. We have studied extensively the mechanisms by which estrogens induce neoplastic transformation in a model in vitro system and our findings are summarized in this review. 17beta-Estradiol (E2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) and their metabolites induce morphological and neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells that express no measurable levels of estrogen receptor. Treatment of the cells with E2 or DES fails to induce DNA damage, chromosome aberrations and gene mutations in SHE cells but results in numerical chromosome aberrations (aneuploidy) that could arise from microtubule disruption or disfunction of mitotic apparatus. Estrogen-induced genotoxicity is detected in cells following treatment with estrogen metabolites or following exogenous metabolic activation of estrogens. The estrogens induce DNA adduct formation that is detected by 32P-postlabeling. Both aneuploidy induction and DNA damage caused by DNA adduct formation correlate with the estrogen-induced cell transformation and may be important in hormonal carcinogenesis. We propose that multiple effects of estrogens acting together cause genetic alterations leading to cell transformation.
Teaching Clinical Medicine by Iterative Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Studies of clinical problem solving show that physicians form diagnostic hypotheses on the basis of minimal clinical findings and that these hypotheses create a context within which to gather additional relevant data.1 , 2 By an iterative process, hypotheses are either eliminated or confirmed, and those that survive are made progressively more specific. This concept of clinical problem solving is supported by extensive research in cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence.3 , 4 Nonetheless, these observations have not been exploited in the teaching of clinical medicine. Instead, students are expected to learn diagnostic problem solving by reading textbooks, studying clinicopathological conferences, attending conferences dominated by . . .
Chemical fingerprint analysis of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma by high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Baozhong Duan, Jianyong Hu, Linfang Huang, Xianying Yang, Fuying Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma (also called "Longdan" in Chinese) is commonly used for eliminating damp-heat and quenching the fire of liver and gall bladder in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, a novel and reliable method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed both for quantitative analysis of four bioactive compounds (loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and sweroside) and chemical fingerprint analysis of "Longdan". In quantitative analysis, four compounds showed good regressions (R2>0.9987) within the test ranges and the recovery of the method was in the range 97.61−102.49%. In fingerprint analysis, ten characteristic peaks were selected to evaluate the similarities of the crude drugs, and the HPLC chromatograms of twenty samples from different regions of China showed similar patterns. The results demonstrated that the combination of the quantitative and chromatographic fingerprint analyses offered an efficient way to evaluate the quality consistency of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma.
Abstract 4484: A novel objective, image-based phenotypic assay reveals higher α-radiation-induced γ-H2AX level in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a risk predictor for lung cancer
Authors: Yonggang He, Yilei Gong, Jian Gu, Jie Lin, David W. Chang, Scott M. Lippman, Jack Roth, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Intermediate phenotypic biomarker measures the summary results of genetic variations and may enhance predictive power in cancer risk assessment. In this study, we developed a novel objective, image-based phenotypic assay to measure α-radiation induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and used it as a potential biomarker for lung cancer risk prediction. γ-H2AX formation in the chromatin flanking DNA DSBs is one of the most sensitive DNA damage markers. In an ongoing lung cancer case-control study, the baseline and α-radiation-induced γ-H2AX immunofluorescence intensities in the PBLs from 403 untreated lung cancer patients and 307 controls subjects were assessed, and the ratio of the induced γ-H2AX level to the baseline γ-H2AX level was used as a variable to evaluate the sensitivity to mutagen challenge. The mean γ-H2AX ratio was significantly higher in cases than controls (case vs. control: 1.46±0.14 vs. 1.41±0.12, p &amp;lt; 0.001). A significantly decreasing trend in γ-H2AX ratio with age was observed for both cases (p for trend =0.003) and controls (p for trend =0.011). Dichotomized at the median level of the γ-H2AX ratio in controls, individuals with high ratio exhibited a significantly increased risk of lung cancer (OR=2.33, 95%CI: 1.67-3.23). There was also a dose-response relationship with lung cancer risk in tertile and quartile analysis (p for trend &amp;lt; 0.001 for both). Analysis of the joint effects of risk factors revealed an apparently elevated risk of lung cancer for subjects with a higher γ-H2AX ratio who were ever smokers, compared with subjects with a low ratio who were never smokers (OR=12.68, 95%CI: 6.84-23.51, p &amp;lt; 0.001). This is the first study applying relative quantification of the γ-H2AX level in PBL to assess the risk for developing lung cancer. Susceptibility to DNA DSBs might help to identify individuals at high risk for this cancer. α-radiation-induced DNA damage as determined with the new γ-H2AX assay could be a novel phenotypic risk factor of lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4484. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4484
The uptake of soluble and nanoparticulate imaging isotope in model liver tumours after intra-venous and intra-arterial administration
Authors: Ross W. Stephens, Karen J. Knox, Lee A. Philip, Kelly M. Debono, Jessica L. Bell, David W. King, Christopher R. Parish, Tim J. Senden, Marcel R. Tanudji, Jillean G. Winter, Stephanie A. Bickley, Michael J. Tapner, Jian H. Pang, Stephen K. Jones
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Authors: JAY H. ROBBINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a hereditary disease clinically manifested primarily on sun-exposed skin, which develops abnormal pigmentation and malignant tumors. Mental retardation, areflexia, and other neurological abnormalities are seen in some patients. Only one biochemical defect has been found: cells from various tissues repair ultraviolet-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage slowly, compared with normal cells. Cell fusion studies show that genetic complementation can occur between fibroblasts from certain pairs of patients, thus overcoming the DNA-repair defect in each member of the pair and demonstrating the heterogeneity of the genetic lesion. The patients at NIH who have slow DNA repair comprise four distinct complementation groups, indicating that at least four mutations can cause defective DNA repair.
Comparative analysis of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements at diagnosis and relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) shows high stability of clonal markers for monitoring of minimal residual disease and reveals the occurrence of second T-ALL
Authors: T Szczepański, V H J van der Velden, T Raff, D C H Jacobs, E R van Wering, M Brüggemann, M Kneba, J J M van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
What's in a name? eNOS and anaphylactic shock
Authors: C. J. Lowenstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

In this issue of the JCI, a study by Cauwels and colleagues suggests a central role for eNOS, the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase, as a mediator of anaphylaxis (see the related article beginning on page 2244). Why is an enzyme originally described as a physiological mediator of vascular homeostasis implicated in the spectacular vascular collapse that is characteristic of anaphylaxis? And is the eNOS involved in anaphylaxis necessarily exerting its effect solely in the vascular endothelium, or might this "endothelial enzyme" actually be playing a more fundamental role in an entirely different tissue? After all, what's in a name?
Postoperative Reactions in Children: "Normal" and Abnormal Responses After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: DOLORES A. DANILOWICZ, H. PAUL GABRIEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors note the acute responses of 68 children who underwent cardiac operations and describe in detail the grossly abnormal reactions of four, discussing the possible predisposing factors in three of the four children. The major normal reactions were divided into four groups: anxiety, anger, cooperation, and compliance. The relation of these reactions to preoperative personality and preparation and to postoperative medical complications remains uncertain. Careful evaluations of personality, before and after children undergo major operations, are needed to produce information that will be useful in preparing other children for similar operations.
Colon Polyps and Cancer
Authors: J. H. Bond
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

A number of recent publications dealing with colon polyps and cancer emphasize cost-effectiveness and the outcomes of screening and follow-up surveillance of high-risk groups. These groups include patients with either a past personal history or a family history of colorectal adenomas or cancer. Several papers address the effectiveness and compliance with different methods of screening of the asymptomatic, average-risk population for colorectal neoplasia. Other important publications deal with colorectal cancer prevention, the natural history of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, diagnosis of polyps and cancer, colonoscopic polypectomy, management of the patient with a malignant polyp, and endoscopic treatment of obstructing cancer.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF A LBBB-TYPE STRAIN PATTERN PREDICTS RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY BETTER THAN TIME-TO-PEAK METHODS
Authors: Niels Risum, Christian Jons, Niels T. Olsen, Thomas Fritz-Hansen, Nana Valeur, Mads Kronborg, Niels E. Bruun, Michael V. Hojgaard, Magnus Jensen, Sogaard Peter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Treatment of Oesophagogastric Tumours
Authors: A. I. Morris, P. Collins
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Endoscopic therapeutic interventions for oesophagogastric tumours are continuing to evolve. The indications for endoscopic therapy and the devices themselves are continuing to develop. It is important that the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of these strategies should be clearly defined, so that their role in patient management can be established. This article reviews noteworthy literature in this area published between June 2003 and 1 September 2004.
Diagnosis of Amoebic Liver Abscess: Value of Liver Biopsy
Authors: K. J. Keeley, A. Schmaman, A. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL JOURNAL presence of tympanic injection, otitis media, and abnormal physical signs in the chest (notably rhonchi and/or crepitations).Table IV shows the incidence of these complications, which are few in number, and no significant differences emerge.Virugon 0 8 7 1 9 5 3 1 2 O.M.=Otitis media.TI.=Tympanic injection.R.S.=Respiratory signs.Conclusions There are no differences between the two groups on the basis of the comparisons noted above, which con- firmed the clinical impressions gained.The number of patients with complications is very small, and it might be that a study of a much larger number of cases would reveal subtle differences.The College of General Practitioners (1957) has suggested that the use of antibiotics produces a small reduction in the incidence of complications but that their use was not justified.No significant differences were found between virugon and penicillin V in the treatment of 200 cases of measles.
Meaningful Roles for Medical Students in the Provision of Longitudinal Patient Care
Authors: Raymond H. Curry
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Function and structure of the mucosa of continent ileostomy reservoirs in dogs.
Authors: None Philipson, N G Kock, J W Robinson, H Menge, V Mirkovitch
Journal: Gut (1975)

Continent ileostomy reservoirs were constructed in dogs. Nine to 29 days after formation of the pouches, they were excised together with a loop of adjacent ileum for biochemical and morphological assessment. The villous and epithelial cell heights were reduced, whereas villous width and mitotic index were increased. The mucosa of the pouch was able to absorb phenylalanine and Beta-methyl-glucoside against a concentration gradient, although this absorptive capaciti was lower than that of normal ileum. Similar considerations applied to oxygen consumption. The results indicate that the mucosa of the pouch undergoes transformation, but the intergrity of the epithelial layer is maintained.