tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Right Bundle-Branch Block and ST-Segment Elevation in Leads V <sub>1</sub> Through V <sub>3</sub>
Authors: Josep Brugada, Ramon Brugada, Pedro Brugada
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Five years ago, we described a specific ECG pattern of right bundle-branch block and ST-segment elevation in leads V 1 through V 3 associated with sudden death in patients without demonstrable structural heart disease. Information on long-term outcome has become available due to pooled data on a large cohort of patients with this syndrome who are followed at 33 centers worldwide. Methods and Results —Data on 63 patients (57 men; mean age, 38±17 years) with the described ECG pattern were analyzed in terms of arrhythmic events and sudden death. Events were analyzed for patients with at least one episode of aborted sudden death or syncope of unknown origin before recognition of the syndrome (symptomatic patients, n=41) and for patients in whom the ECG pattern was recognized by chance or because of screening related to sudden death of a relative (asymptomatic patients, n=22). During a mean follow-up of 34±32 months, an arrhythmic event occurred in 14 symptomatic patients (34%) and 6 asymptomatic patients (27%). An automatic defibrillator was implanted in 35 patients, 15 received pharmacological therapy with β-blockers and/or amiodarone, and 13 did not receive treatment The incidence of arrhythmic events was similar in all therapy groups (log-rank 0.86); however, total mortality was 0% in the implantable defibrillator group, 26% in the pharmacological group, and 31% in the no therapy group (log-rank 0.0005). All mortality was due to sudden death. Conclusions —Patients without demonstrable structural heart disease and an ECG pattern of right bundle-branch block and ST-segment elevation in leads V 1 through V 3 are at risk for sudden death. Amiodarone and/or β-blockers do not protect them against sudden death, and an implantable defibrillator seems to be the present treatment of choice.
LOCAL INSULIN REACTION
Authors: Joseph Hajek
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Lasersohn<sup>1</sup>recently reported a case of diabetes mellitus in a young woman treated with insulin, the administration of which was followed by a local erythema. This case differs so materially from an experience I have had that a report may prove of some interest. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A white woman, aged 27, admitted to St. Luke's Hospital, June 27, 1930, said that sugar was found in her urine about four months before and that, in spite of dieting, it had persisted up to the present time. Her family history contained no record of diabetes on either the maternal or the paternal side. Her past history recorded no disease, except for whooping cough and measles in childhood. She had a daughter, aged 6 years. The pregnancy and labor were uneventful. Detailed inquiry into her mode of life about the time of the onset of diabetes failed to show a
Lasting improvement of renovascular hypertension by transluminal dilatation of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic renal artery stenoses. A follow-up study.
Authors: F Mahler, P Probst, M Haertel, P Weidmann, A Krneta
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Sixteen consecutive patients with renovascular hypertension were treated by transluminal dilatation and observed during 6 - 39 months (mean 21.8 months). Poststenotic renal artery pressure increased (p less than 0.001) and the renal arteries were patent on angiograms taken immediately after dilatation. In 13 patients, angiography was repeated 2 - 9 months later; at that time the selective renal vein renin ratio had decreased (p less than 0.001). At the end of the follow-up, blood pressure was improved or normal in 14 cases. One of the eight patients with atherosclerosis was normotensive without treatment, compared with five of six patients with fibromuscular dysplasia (p less than 0.05). The results in two cases with vasculitis are uncertain. The four patients with relapses, one after intimal catheter dissection, were treated successfully by redilatation. Thus, renovascular hypertension can be improved by transluminal dilatation in patients with atherosclerosis and in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia with lasting success and a low morbidity rate.
Oxaliplatin encapsulated in PEG-coated cationic liposomes induces significant tumor growth suppression via a dual-targeting approach in a murine solid tumor model
Authors: Amr S. Abu Lila, Shinji Kizuki, Yusuke Doi, Takuya Suzuki, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Hiroshi Kiwada
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus With Anti–Laminin-332 Autoantibodies in a Patient With Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
Authors: Kazumitsu Sugiura, Hiroshi Koga, Riho Ishikawa, Takaaki Matsumoto, Mika Matsubara, Rika Hagiwara, Yoshinao Muro, Takashi Hashimoto, Masashi Akiyama
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

To our knowledge, only 4 cases of paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) associated with follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) have been reported.1-4 We describe herein a patient with PNP associated with FDCS with anti–laminin-332 autoantibodies.
Bulimarexia and Related Serious Eating Disorders with Medical Complications
Authors: ROBERT T. HARRIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Bulimarexia, an eating disorder that is characterized by binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or abuse of cathartic or diuretic drugs, has been defined as both a sequela of anorexia nervosa and a distinct eating disorder. In this review the presentation, prevalence, and complications of the various eating disorders—anorexia nervosa, pica, rumination disorder of infancy, and bulimia/ bulimarexia—are discussed. Detailed attention is given to the potential medical hazards of bulimarexia. These hazards may be categorized according to the organ system affected or the individual behavioral components of bulimarexia. Because bulimarexia is commonly practiced in secrecy, its presentation may be in the form of one of its medical complications. Therefore, physicians must know the behavioral components of bulimarexia and its potential medical hazards. Optimal care of these patients requires collaborative efforts from a physician and behavioral therapist.
Final Mammography Recommendation?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE National Cancer Institute (NCI) has accepted a recommendation from its advisory board that women in their 40s who are at average risk of breast cancer get a screening mammogram every 1 to 2 years.  The decision by the NCI reverses its position, promulgated at a National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus conference earlier this year ( JAMA . 1997; 277:519-520), that routine mammography is not indicated for women in their 40s.  The recommendation from the National Cancer Advisory Board, appointed by President Clinton, promises to defuse a politically controversial issue.  Previously, the NCI said the data were not strong enough to justify recommending populationwide, routine mammographic screening of women in this age group. When the NIH consensus conference in January essentially reaffirmed this position, its report set off protests from breast cancer screening advocates and their congressional supporters.  Richard Klausner, MD, NCI director, asked the institute's 18-member advisory board to take
Activation of FOXO3a by the Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Induces Estrogen Receptor α Expression Reversing Invasive Phenotype of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Karine Belguise, Shangqin Guo, Gail E. Sonenshein
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Previously, we showed that the bioactive green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits growth in soft agar of breast cancer cells with Her-2/neu overexpression. Using gene expression profiling, here we show that EGCG treatment of Her-2/neu–driven mammary tumor cells alters the expression of key regulators in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, reducing invasive phenotype. Specifically, the epithelial genes E-cadherin, γ-catenin, MTA3, and estrogen receptor α (ERα) were up-regulated by EGCG, whereas the proinvasive snail gene was down-regulated. Consistently, EGCG inhibited branching colony growth and invasion in Matrigel. EGCG treatment similarly inhibited invasive phenotype of mouse mammary tumor cells driven by Nuclear Factor-κB c-Rel and protein kinase CK2, frequently found overexpressed in human breast disease. Recently, we identified the Forkhead box O transcription factor FOXO3a as a major transcriptional regulator of ERα. Given the pivotal role of ERα in preventing EMT, we hypothesized that the activation of FOXO3a by EGCG plays an important role in the observed reversal of invasive phenotype in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. EGCG treatment activated FOXO3a. Ectopic expression of a constitutively active FOXO3a overrode transforming growth factor-β1–mediated invasive phenotype and induced a more epithelial phenotype, which was dependent on ERα expression and signaling. Conversely, a dominant negative FOXO3a reduced epithelial phenotype of ERα-low breast cancer cells. These results identify, for the first time, a role for FOXO3a in the inhibition of invasive phenotype in breast cancer cells with active ERα signaling and elucidate a novel mechanism whereby EGCG represses EMT of breast cancer cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5763–70]
β-Blockers as Initial Therapy for Hypertension
Authors: Charles S. Wiysonge
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Are β-blockers associated with lower rates of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events when used as initial treatment in individuals with hypertension compared with placebo, no treatment, or other drugs?Initial therapy of hypertension with β-blockers is not associated with reduced all-cause mortality but is associated with modest reductions in cardiovascular events compared with placebo or no treatment. Calcium channel blockers and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are associated with greater reductions in cardiovascular event rates than β-blockers. This evidence derives from trials of traditional β-blockers (eg, atenolol and propranolol), because there are currently no mortality and cardiovascular event data on the new vasodilating β-blockers (eg, carvedilol and nebivolol).
Health System Reform and Quality
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE US health care delivery system is changing rapidly, dominated mainly by the shift from fee-for-service to managed care medicine. What are the implications for the practice of medicine as a result of the shift from patient-based to population-based medicine? As resources directed to health care are reduced, how will the trade-off between cost and quality be altered? Will quality even remain on the agenda as health system reform proceeds? Health services research over the past 25 years has produced many findings relevant to these issues. For example, losing or acquiring health insurance affects people's health; but if economic incentives are used to alter the amount of care consumed, then the use of clinically based tools is required to avoid the approximately equal decline in necessary and lessthan-necessary care. To keep quality of care on the agenda, physicians should be provided both information about the use of specific health services
INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF ANTIMONIUM TARTARATUM IN KALA-AZAR
Authors: G. C. Low
Journal: BMJ (1919)

I briefly described the history of the introduction of intra.venous injections of tartar emetic in trypanosomiasis, leislimaniasis, and other tropical diseases.It is unnecessary, therefore,.to enter upon this again, apart from saying.tlhat the beneficial effeets-of the drug.havebeen well proved -since-that date,-especially in leishmaniasis.Thlie case I now report is of special interest, first because the infection was.acq.ired almost certainly-in Baglidad, where this disease does nGt, apparetly exist itndigenously; secondly, because it is the first case.I knowof wlliclh lhas been treated in England by this method;and, thlirdly, because-ai u-nfortunate attack of influenza, by-carrying the patient.offjust at the termination of his.. tLeatrnent, gave tlhe opportunity of.definitely determining--whether or not a complete sterilization of hi& Lei,hsmaniia donovani had takenwplace.Histrwyof the Case.The patient -.was born in England, and was never outof it till, 1916.Joining. the army in the end of that year, he served a.month in France and then, was transferred to India.He arrived there in March, 1917, and was stationed first at Bombay tlhenl at Karachi.While there he went for a trip to Bangalore.aud back, but, apart from that, had visited no other parts of I1)dia.After this he went to Mesopotamia, arriving in Baghdad.
Development and characterization of amoxicillin loaded floating microballoons for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori induced gastric ulcer
Authors: Rajendra Awasthi, Giriraj T. Kulkarni
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

The current communication reports in vitro characterization of the optimized hollow floating microballoons of amoxicillin on the basis of micromeritic properties and in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Amoxicillin loaded hollow microballoons were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. The morphological characterization was done on the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate drug–polymer interactions. The correlation between the in vitro buoyancy of microballoons and their physical properties, e.g. density and porosity were elucidated. The results of FTIR spectroscopy revealed the absence of any drug–polymer interactions. The porosity values of more than 69% and diameter to thickness ratio greater than 2.90, proved a high cavity volume within the microballoons in all size ranges. The spherical shape of microballoons with hollow internal cavity was confirmed from SEM photomicrographs. The in vitro MIC results showed a sustained drug effect from the microballoons. In conclusion, it can be said that the developed microballoons can be used for the effective treatment of Helicobacter pylori induced gastric ulcer.
Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane and sodium bicarbonate to buffer metabolic acidosis in an isolated heart model.
Authors: D Sirieix, S Delayance, M Paris, S Massonnet-Castel, A Carpentier, J F Baron
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Metabolic acidosis induces a decrease in the developed force of cardiac muscle by affecting every step of the excitation--contraction coupling pathway. Due to transient worsening in intracellular acidosis, the value of administering sodium bicarbonate therapeutically during acute acidosis has been questioned. An alternative therapeutic drug, Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM) has the advantage of diffusing into the intracellular space. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of metabolic acidosis on myocardial performance and to determine the effects of alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate, THAM, and their combination. Using a blood-perfused isolated heart preparation, left ventricular contractility and relaxation were measured at normal pH and during metabolic acidosis (pH = 7.0). Acidosis dramatically impaired myocardial contractility and relaxation. After buffering with sodium bicarbonate, although plasma bicarbonate concentration was normalized, pH remained below normal owing to an increased PaCO2. Contractility and relation were initially worsened, then slightly improved to return to control values. THAM uncompletely buffered acidosis but significantly improved contractility and relaxation. The combination of THAM with sodium bicarbonate perfectly buffered acidosis without modifying PaCO2 and significantly improved contractility. The combination of THAM with sodium bicarbonate is based on the ability of THAM to capture the CO2 produced by the sodium bicarbonate buffer. This combination achieves a perfect correction of metabolic acidosis and improves myocardial performance.
Book: The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do
Authors: M. Perkins
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Judith Rich Harris Bloomsbury Publishing, £9.99, pp 473 ISBN: 0 7475 4894 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> In an age when it is virtually impossible to browse in a bookshop or pass through a supermarket checkout without being bombarded by various types of literature on how to parent your children, it is indeed timely and to some extent refreshing to read a book dedicated to propounding the theory that … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
A lesson in a dish of beans
Authors: Melita Gordon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Many people ask about the six years I spent working in Malawi and how it's really possible to achieve anything useful in a poverty stricken country that is ravaged by AIDS. I usually reply that the teaching you deliver is just as important, and probably longer lasting, than the clinical practice. If you too are curious please join me now on my round in the men's ward of a government hospital. It is February: rainy season and hungry season. We are aiming to see 56 patients sharing 32 beds; three quarters of these patients have HIV. Our team comprises a clinical officer, a house officer, a medical student, and a messenger. The few nurses are too busy to join us. We have three hours.

The first call is to the diarrhoea side room, a sobering array of wasted bodies and sunken eyes. The floor is wet with poorly mopped spills from bed pans. Most of these men meet the criteria for newly available antiretrovirals from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. …
Cardiac Rehabilitation-Reply
Authors: Nanette K. Wenger
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> An "appropriate goal" not only for coronary rehabilitation, but for total coronary care, is to achieve disease regression if feasible. This is second only to the goal of prevention of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Many features epidemiologically associated with an increased coronary risk, both before and after myocardial infarction, are currently being tested both in the laboratory and in the clinical arena. The responsibility of the investigator and the clinician to both the public and the patient population is to present neither optimism nor pessimism but realism. Regular physical activity for the patient recovered from myocardial infarction is safe if sensibly regulated and can be recommended for the documented advantages of improving physical work capacity, improving psychological status, and aiding in weight control. It may help alter other more powerful coronary risk factors. However, current evidence cannot define an alteration in reinfarction, in survival, or in the development
Some patients with colorectal cancer may have been missed by Northern Ireland registry
Authors: H. Comber
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The number of new patients with colorectal cancer (3217 over a five year period) given by Kee et al1 would give a crude incidence of colorectal cancer in Northern Ireland of 39.5 per 100 000 people. As their study included only patients having surgery, however, correction needs to be made …
Caspase Inhibition Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction and Heart Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Sepsis
Authors: RÉMI NEVIÈRE, HAROLD FAUVEL, CLAUDE CHOPIN, PIERRE FORMSTECHER, PHILIPPE MARCHETTI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Despite intensive therapy, severe septic shock is commonly associated with myocardial dysfunction and death in humans. No new therapies have proven efficiency against cardiovascular alterations in sepsis. Here, we addressed the question of a beneficial effect of pharmacological inhibition of caspases on myocardial dysfunction following endotoxin treatment. Hearts from rats treated with endotoxin (10 mg/kg, intravenously) were isolated 4 h posttreatment for analysis. Assessment of myocardial contractility ex vivo and detection of apoptosis were performed. Hearts from endotoxin-treated rats displayed multiple caspase activities and also typical apoptosis pattern as detected by TUNEL, DNA fragmentation assays, and cytochrome c release as compared with control rats. z-VAD.fmk (3 mg/kg, intravenously), a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor (but not the irrelevant peptide z-FA.fmk), in coinjection with endotoxin, not only reduced caspase activities and nuclear apoptosis but also completely prevented endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction evaluated 4 h and even 14 h after endotoxin challenge. These data indicate that caspase activation plays an important role in myocardial cell dysfunction. Moreover, these results suggest that inhibitors of caspases may have important therapeutic applications in sepsis.
Complication of Dicumarol Therapy-Reply
Authors: Frank C. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reply to Dr. H. B. Eisenstadt's comments, the following should be considered: Our patient had rather severe nausea and vomiting during the first 2 to 3 weeks following infarction and was unable to take bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol). Due to this situation heparin was the anticoagulant of choice. I don't believe a fixed recommended schedule of both heparin and bishydroxycoumarin given immediately can be carried out on all patients, as Dr. Eisenstadt suggests, to avoid a mishap. The usual loading dose of bishydroxycoumarin is 200-300 mg. on the initial day, followed by 200 mg. on the second day. Since the site of action of bishydroxycoumarin and heparin in the clotting mechanism is entirely different, there is no reason to reduce the usual loading dose of bishydroxycoumarin even though the patient had been on heparin for three weeks. It might be pointed out that our patient's prothrombin time 24
Gluconeogenesis, glucose handling, and structural changes in livers of the adult offspring of rats partially deprived of protein during pregnancy and lactation.
Authors: S P Burns, M Desai, R D Cohen, C N Hales, R A Iles, J P Germain, T C Going, R A Bailey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Maternal protein restriction is a model of fetal programming of adult glucose intolerance. Perfused livers of 48-h- starved adult offspring of rat dams fed 8% protein diets during pregnancy and lactation produced more glucose from 6 mM lactate than did control livers from rats whose dams were fed 20% protein. In control livers, a mean of 24% of the glucose formed from lactate in the periportal region of the lobule was taken up by the most distal perivenous cells; this distal perivenous uptake was greatly diminished in maternal low protein (MLP) livers, accounting for a major fraction of the increased glucose output of MLP livers. In control livers, the distal perivenous cells contained 40% of the total glucokinase of the liver; this perivenous concentration of glucokinase was greatly reduced in MLP livers. Intralobular distribution of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase was unaltered, though overall increased activity could have contributed to the elevated glucose output. Hepatic lobular volume in MLP livers was twice that in control livers, indicating that MLP livers had half the normal number of lobules. Fetal programming of adult glucose metabolism may operate partly through structural alterations and changes in glucokinase expression in the immediate perivenous region.