tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hot talent, high performance, and bags of money -- and that's just the UKSEM speaker list!
Authors: Andrew Franklyn-Miller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Daniel Coyle in The Talent Code 1 talks of hotbeds of talent such as Spartak Tennis Club in Moscow and the ‘footsal’ fields of Sao Paulo producing talent well in excess of expectations. He extends the story to Florence in the Renaissance from which came Michelangelo, Dante, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo – a remarkable pool of excellence! There are certain centres in the world, where a collection of factors combine to make them special, whether it be coaching, learning, drive, ambition or just something in the water.

There are also hotbeds of sport and exercise medicine talent such as the Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne and the Oslo Sports Trauma Centre, Norway (http://www.ostrc.no). Here, a collection of individuals including Roald Bahr and Lars Engebretsen along with Paul McCrory and Kim Bennell with international colleagues have inspired, driven and rolled out significant work, much greater than larger institutes because the ‘climate is right’. In the UK, we are perhaps yet to find the right climate, but the time is surely now in the build up to the London 2012 Games.

When the British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine launched UKSEM, its interdisciplinary world class sports and exercise medicine conference in 2010, the aim was to create a world class event by bringing together not just physicians, but the full multidisciplinary team including coaches, athletes, conditioners, physiotherapists and soft tissue therapists among many. The aim was to re-create that climate of talent, to build performance not just in the athlete, but in the whole support staff, to find answers, challenge concepts and new solutions. London 2010 was a great success with 700 delegates and 100 speakers in Sport and Exercise from all over the world. 2011 launches new innovations such as installment payments, …
P209 What might patients mean by "Sleepiness"?
Authors: R. Ghiassi, L. O'Byrne, A. R. Cummin, M. R. Partridge
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients describe the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in diverse ways. Clinicians and scientists may have difficulty in differentiating sleepiness from tiredness and tools to measure subjective or objective sleepiness do not always match clinician assessment of sleepiness. To better understand how patients9 view ‘sleepiness’ we asked those under investigation for OSAS to describe in their own words what sleepiness means to them. <h3>Methods</h3> 24 patients (20 male and 4 female) participated in the study. ESS scores were recorded the morning after sleep study when patients were also asked to record in their own words what sleepiness means to them. Three independent scorers, (nurse, scientist and physician) and an independent academic referee, themed answers. Participants also underwent on Oxford Sleep Resistant Test (OSLER) to quantify objective daytime sleepiness as a comparator. <h3>Results</h3> ESS scores were grouped into the following ranges: ≤10, 11–15, 16–24 and mean OSLER scores calculated for each group, table 1. Individually, OSLER scores did not correlate well with ESS scores and there was great variability in levels of objective daytime sleepiness. On average each patient gave 6 descriptors relating to sleepiness. Descriptors of sleepiness fell into three main categories: <i>mental function</i> (eg, “mugginess”), <i>physical sensation</i> (eg, “even moving about is exhausting”) and <i>related to sleep or actual sleep</i> (eg, “I always fall asleep in the cinema”). Patients with an ESS: ≤10 gave more descriptors relating to <i>physical sensations</i> of sleepiness. Conversely patients with an ESS ≥11 gave more descriptors <i>related to sleep or actual sleep</i>. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has begun to assess how patients using their own words, describe the symptom of ‘sleepiness’. Answers fell broadly into one of three categories: <i>mental function</i>, <i>physical sensation</i> and <i>related to or actual sleep</i>. Further understanding the construct of sleepiness to the patient may have importance in determining who is likely to benefit from therapy with CPAP.
Memory lapse in people with higher education can signal stroke risk, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Subjective reports of memory lapses are independently associated with an increased risk of stroke in people who are educated to university level, a follow-up study has found.1

“Studies have shown how stroke causes memory complaints,” explained Arfan Ikram, lead author and associate professor of neuroepidemiology at Erasmus University Rotterdam in the Netherlands. “Given the shared underlying vascular pathology, we posed the reverse question: ‘Do memory complaints indicate an increased risk of strokes?’”

To explore this question …
Abstract 483: Genome-wide analysis identify molecular regulators of metastasis
Authors: Seongho Ryu, Vivek Mittal
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Metastasis of primary tumors to distant target organs such as the lungs is a major factor contributing to cancer-related mortality. To identify key miRNAs of metastasis we have performed high throughput Solexa sequencing on tumors harvested form variety of metastatic tumor models. In this study, we will present the identification of novel candidates of microRNAs and their target genes. We also validate their biological properties both in vitro and in vivo models of breast and prostate cancer metastasis. Since relatively little is known about regulation system of miRNAs that governs metastasis, the identification and validation of upstream factors will be of great benefit in understanding metastasis regulation. We performed a meta-analysis combines miRNA expression profiles and genome-wide epigenetic modification signatures obtained by using ChIP-SEQ technique. We will also discuss potential clinical significance of key candidates identified in this screen. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 483.
Nonfunctioning Kidney With Calcification
Authors: Alan Furness White
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. White: This 48-year-old man was found to have values of 1+ for albumin and 2+ for bacteria and many red blood cells (RBC) on routine urinalysis. He denied any chest, abdominal, or urinary-tract symptoms. Roentgenograms of the chest and abdomen were obtained. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Joseph T. Ferrucci, Jr.: The chest is unremarkable except for a fibrotic scar or two in the upper lobe of the right lung. On the abdominal roentgenogram, the gas pattern is normal, and there is no hepatic or splenic enlargement. The renal outlines are poorly defined. The left kidney appears normal. There is a suggestion of a bulky soft-tissue mass in the lower pole of the right kidney, containing several areas of calcification. At this point I am considering a renal tumor and would like to see an intravenous urogram. Dr. White: Intravenous urography was performed, and these are representative films. Dr. Ferrucci: The urograms
Obesity and Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Anoar Zacharias, Thomas A. Schwann, Christopher J. Riordan, Samuel J. Durham, Aamir S. Shah, Robert H. Habib
Journal: Circulation (2005)

New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery that has substantial effects on outcomes. In the general (nonsurgical) adult population, AF has been linked to increasing obesity, which correlates with left atrial enlargement. It is not known whether postoperative AF is similarly linked to obesity.This was a retrospective analysis of the incidence of AF in terms of body mass index (BMI). A total of 8051 consecutive cardiac surgery patients (1994 to 2004; mean age 64 [SD 11] years; 5372 men [67%]) who were free of any history of preoperative AF or flutter were included in the analysis. This series included 3164 obese patients (39%; median age 62 years) and 4887 nonobese patients (61%; median age 66 years), who were further divided on the basis of BMI (kg/m2) into 6 groups: BMI <22 kg/m2, 22< or =BMI< or =25 kg/m2 (normal), 25<BMI> or =30 kg/m2 (overweight), 30<BMI > or =35 kg/m2 (obese I), 35<BMI> or =40 kg/m2 (obese II), and BMI >40 kg/m2 (obese III). Unadjusted AF incidence was similar in obese and nonobese patients (n=742 [23.5%] versus n=1068 [21.9%], respectively; P=0.099). Covariate-adjusted ORs for AF were systematically greater for larger patients than for patients in the normal group (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.18 [1.00 to 1.40], 1.36 [1.14 to 1.63], 1.69 [1.35 to 2.11], and 2.39 [1.81 to 3.17] for overweight, obese I, obese II, and obese III, respectively). Other AF predictors included age (adjusted OR=1.52 [95% CI 1.46 to 1.58] per 10 years), mitral valve surgery (adjusted OR=2.42 [95% CI 1.92 to 3.06]), aortic valve surgery (adjusted OR=1.79 [95% CI 1.45 to 2.22]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted OR=1.28 [95% CI 1.12 to 1.46]), male gender (adjusted OR=1.24 [95% CI 1.10 to 1.40]), preoperative beta-blocker use (adjusted OR=1.17 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.32]), vascular disease (adjusted OR=1.18 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.32]), white race (adjusted OR=1.33 [95% CI 1.07 to 1.66]), history of arrhythmia other than AF/flutter (adjusted OR=0.80 [95% CI 0.68 to 0.96]), ejection fraction <40% (adjusted OR=1.16 [95% CI 1.03 to 1.31]), left main disease (adjusted OR=1.15 [95% CI 1.00 to 1.32]), and off-pump surgery (adjusted OR=0.61 [95% CI 0.44 to 0.83]). The obesity-AF association was confirmed in 4 1-to-1 propensity-matched obese versus nonobese comparisons and in 2 separate derivation/validation subcohort analyses.Obesity is an important determinant of new-onset AF after cardiac surgery. Future postoperative AF risk models should incorporate BMI or obesity levels. Studies examining the efficacy of AF-minimizing prophylactic interventions in high-BMI patients, particularly in the elderly, may be warranted.
National Eye Institute issues clinical alert about CMV retinitis in AIDS
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

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Randomized Trials Describing Lung Inflammation after Pleurodesis with Talc of Varying Particle Size
Authors: Nick A. Maskell, Y. C. Gary Lee, Fergus V. Gleeson, Emma L. Hedley, Gerry Pengelly, Robert J. O. Davies
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

We report two trials describing whether talc pleurodesis with a mean particle size of less than 15 microm ("mixed" talc) produces more lung and systemic inflammation than tetracycline or "graded" talc (most particles < 10 microm were removed). First, 20 patients with malignant effusions received tetracycline or mixed talc. Changes in lung and systemic inflammation from lung clearance scans, oxygen saturations, and C-reactive protein from baseline to 48 hours after pleurodesis were recorded. Lung inflammation (change in isotope clearance, talc -9.26, SD 14.3 vs. tetracycline 4.10, SD 13.8 minutes; difference = -13.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], -26.6 to -0.2; p = 0.05) and systemic inflammation (change in C-reactive protein, talc 198 SD 79.2 vs. tetracycline 74 SD 79.4 microg/L; difference = 124; 95% CI, 50 to 199; p = 0.004) were greater after talc. Second, 48 patients received mixed or graded talc, and gas exchange was assessed from changes in the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. Mixed talc worsened gas exchange (oxygen gradient change, mixed 2.17 SD 1.74 kPa, 16.3 13.1 mm Hg vs. graded 0.72 SD 2.46 kPa 5.4 18.5 mm Hg, difference = 1.45; 95% CI, 0.2 to 2.7; p = 0.03) and induced more systemic inflammation than graded talc. We conclude that the routine use of graded talc for pleurodesis would reduce the morbidity of this procedure.
Ambient Particulate Air Pollution, Environmental Tobacco Smoking, and Childhood Asthma: Interactions and Biological Mechanisms
Authors: Andrea Baccarelli, Joel D. Kaufman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

and may provide a explanation for the reductions in lung function observed with reduced serum 25(OH)D, both in asthma and in populations without asthma (15).Until the various hypotheses raised by this work are refined and tested further, we are left concluding that vitamin D status is an easily measurable and correctable clinical state that might have direct bearing on important clinical parameters such as lung function, bronchodilator responsiveness, and airway hyperresponsiveness, in part via effects on ASM.The inclusion of appropriate surrogate clinical outcomes and translational mechanistic aims into ongoing and future clinical vitamin D supplementation trials in asthma is an opportunity to determine if this is the case.
Percutaneous catheter modification of the atrioventricular node. A potential cure for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
Authors: L M Epstein, M M Scheinman, J J Langberg, D Chilson, H R Goldberg, J C Griffin
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Our purpose was to describe a technique of atrioventricular (AV) node modification for patients with drug refractory AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Nine patients (mean age, 45 +/- 20; range, 14-82) with recurrent drug refractory AVNRT (n = 8) or sudden cardiac death thought to be precipitated by AVNRT (n = 1) underwent a percutaneous catheter procedure to modify AV nodal function. The area between the electrode recording the maximal His-bundle electrogram and the ostium of the coronary sinus was divided into three zones. Perinodal direct current shocks of 100-300 J were delivered to one (n = 2), two (n = 3), or three (n = 4) zones without complications. The procedure endpoints were modification of AV conduction (either first degree AV block or complete retrograde ventriculo-atrial [VA] block) and failure to induce AVNRT before or after isoproterenol and/or atropine administration. Six of nine patients (67%) have had no inducible or spontaneous AVNRT over a mean follow-up of 12.3 +/- 4.1 months (range, 4.5-17). One of the six underwent repeat, successful modification, because AVNRT was inducible at restudy 2 days after the initial procedure. AVNRT recurred in three patients (33%), one early (3 days) and two late (3-4 months). Two of these patients underwent complete ablation of the AV junction and permanent pacemaker placement, whereas one is controlled with drug therapy. Therefore, AV nodal modification resulted in tachycardia control without antiarrhythmic drugs in six of nine (67%) and obviated the need for complete AV junctional ablation in seven of nine patients (78%). Elimination of AVNRT appears to result from either block in the retrograde fast pathway or modification of the antegrade slow pathway, such that AVNRT cannot be sustained. Additional findings suggest that an atrio-Hisian accessory connection may not be involved in AVNRT in some of these patients. Percutaneous catheter AV nodal modification appears to be a promising technique for treatment of refractory AVNRT and may obviate need for complete AV junctional ablation in a substantial number of patients with drug/pacemaker refractory AVNRT.
Influence of aortic valve disease on systolic stiffness of the human left ventricular myocardium.
Authors: T Wisenbaugh, J L Elion, S E Nissen
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The new concept of systolic myocardial stiffness was applied to the study of ejection mechanics in aortic valve disease. Frame-by-frame analysis of stress (sigma) and volume (V) was performed for two differently loaded beats in 26 patients who underwent simultaneous cineangiography and micromanometry: nine normal subjects, eight with isolated aortic regurgitation (AR), and nine with aortic stenosis (AS). Maximum myocardial stiffness (maxEav) was defined as the slope of the end-systolic (es) stress-strain relationship. End-systole was defined as the frame where stiffness was maximal, and strain was defined as epsilon = loge (Dm/Dom), where Dm is left ventricular midwall diameter and Dom is the theoretical Dm at zero stress. Expressed in terms of cavity volume, epsilon = gamma X loge (V/Vo), where gamma is the geometric factor relating Dm to V during systole. Vo was obtained by extrapolating to sigma es = 0 the function, sigma es = maxEav X gamma X loge (Ves/Vo), which was fit to the end-systolic data. Vo always had a value greater than zero. MaxEav was preserved in the AR group (1575 +/- 565) and increased in the AS group (1877 +/- 544; p = .02) compared with normal (1320 +/- 268), suggesting maintenance of contractile force per unit of myocardium in these two lesions. However, theoretical "unloaded" shortening fraction (SFo) was depressed in the AS group (0.30 +/- 0.06; p = .01) compared with normal (0.37 +/- 0.04), preserved in the AR group (0.34 +/- 0.07; p = .24), and inversely related to maxEav (r = -.66, p = .01), suggesting a disparity between shortening potential and force potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MISTREATMENT OF THE MENTALLY ILL
Authors: ROBERT WALKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Current psychiatric formulations along the lines of "[he is] . . . withdrawing into psychosis as an escape from reality" or "the patient is a passive-dependent person who wants to be taken care of by others" appear to be modern restatements of medieval phrases like "he has surrendered himself to the devil." Until the etiology of the functional psychoses becomes clearly established, treating such patients as if they were physically ill manifesting mental symptoms would seem to expose us to a less harmful philosophical-moral error than behaving towards them as if the disordered behavior reflects psychological causes primarily. Irrespective of etiology, however, depriving a person of all opportunity to be gainfully employed while undergoing an active psychotic condition is to add insult to injury. We must offer the mentally ill person an opportunity to contribute towards his own support despite his handicap. In addition to rehabilitative devices and "ego strengthening" techniques such as so-called halfways houses, we need to expand tremendously special work setups such as CHIRP both in hospitals and in the community. In addition, we must recognize that perhaps for some time to come there will be a not inconsiderable subgroup of patients who may have to make a life career of special employment. A final modification of our traditions must be the acceptance, until more definitive treatment techniques are developed, of certain patients as maximally restored if they can hold even part-time special employment in a psychiatric setting. Like other handicapped persons, the ability of the mental patient to make a living ought to be minimally interfered with by his affliction. Only a truly enlightened society can provide the necessary atmosphere, support and guidance to make such adjustment possible, however, and diminish, if not eliminate entirely, mistreatment of the mentally ill. I hope that Szasz's concern with civil rights of the mentally ill will lead him to view with favor the present observations.
THE MARGIN OF ERROR IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROSYPHILIS OF THE PARETIC TYPE
Authors: IRA A. DARLING
Journal: JAMA (1918)

to me that pleural effusions have more frequently fol¬ lowed in these cases.On several occasions, high fever with severe vomiting ensued, which, however, ceased in a few days.No cases of pleural shock, pleural infection, gas embo¬ lism, harmful puncture of the lung, or cardiac dilation were encountered.If these dangers were so formidable, this circumstance seems the more striking, because our patients, in many instances, were injected without pro¬ longed preliminary observation, and in every case at the patient's home or in the office.Subcutaneous emphysema was frequently encountered in the earlier cases.But it was never alarming, although in one case the gas infiltrated into the tissues of the neck.We bch'eve that the earlier cases presented this feature because we injected a large amount of gas, and allowed the patients to get out of bed too soon.Excessive cough¬ ing will cause this complication, as was demonstrated in one case.The use of a sharp needle for the subsequent refilling injections will aid in obviating subcutaneous emphysema.,
Adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells in an animal model of a diet-induced fatty liver
Authors: Tetsuji Fujita
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

I read with interest an excellent study by Ma et al. that clarified the mechanisms of progression from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a mouse model of a high-diet-induced fatty liver.1 The authors revealed that CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box P3+ hepatic regulatory T cells (T regs) decreased during the administration of a high-fat diet, and the levels of T regs were less than half of those in control mice at the end of the 8-week experiment. Marked reduction of T regs, which was caused by apoptosis due to oxidative stress, was associated with enhanced expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and its intracellular mediators in liver. Adoptive-transferred T regs suppressed high-fat diet-induced intrahepatic TNF alpha signaling. Mice in which T regs were depleted or T regs were transferred, both of which were fed diets containing a high amount of fat, were given a single relatively low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 μg/mouse) to induce hepatic injury. Six hours after injection of LPS, LPS-induced liver damage was compared between the groups. A pretreatment with adoptive transfer of T regs significantly attenuated hepatotoxicity of LPS in mice with hepatic steatosis. The authors speculate that enhanced LPS signaling followed by proinflammatory cytokine production as a second hit necessary for the progression from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis can be reduced by restoring the function of T regs. T regs are engaged in the regulation of organ-specific immune responses to pathogens and self-proteins. A recent in vitro study indicates that activated T regs rapidly inhibit induction of Th1 cytokine mRNA, whereas suppression of anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines is delayed.2 This article by Ma and colleagues may be the cornerstone for a better understanding of a variety of immune-related liver diseases in addition to nonalcoholic liver disease. I would like to ask the authors whether animal models with chronic endotoxemia, which are described in a recent article,3 are more suitable than those with acute endotoxemia for the study to investigate the role of T regs in liver disease. Mild chronic endotoxemia has been observed in chronic liver disease,4 chronic kidney disease,5 and chronic cardiovascular disease.6 Tetsuji Fujita M.D.*, * Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.