tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
South Africa: Professional Strife in a Minor Key
Authors: STANLEY S. B. GILDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Abroad1 September 1975South Africa: Professional Strife in a Minor KeySTANLEY S. B. GILDER, M.B., B.S., B.SC.STANLEY S. B. GILDER, M.B., B.S., B.SC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-3-424 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe great majority of doctors, in my experience, take little interest in political life; when they become politicians, they seem to drift away from being doctors. However, being human, doctors like to enjoy a good standard of living. So the usual common meeting ground for politicians and doctors is economic, as numerous examples from all over the Western world have shown. South Africans are no different from the rest, and one of the sources of professional irritation in recent years has been the fee tariffs set by government in relation to medical schemes.All the different elements in the American... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 110 Nuffield Street, Rietondale, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1975Volume 83, Issue 3Page: 424-425 Issue Published: 1 September 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Was Rodney Ledward a statistical outlier?:Ledward's managers knew for 10 years that he was a risk
Authors: Nigel Dudley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council and the future of revalidation GMC member respondsEditor-Esmail and Kmietowicz give an inaccurate account of the General Medical Council's policy development on revalidation, ignoring an iterative process with interested parties since 1998 in an attempt to introduce the most fundamental change to medical regulation since its foundation in 1858. 1 2 The GMC clearly has had regard to the legitimate interests of three principal groups-government and the NHS, patients and the public, and the various tribes that make up the UK medical profession.Despite suggestions to the contrary, an initial exploratory meeting on revalidation convened by Sir Donald Irvine in June 1998 was held in the context of a high profile professional conduct case, but well before the Bristol inquiry report and absolutely nothing to do with Rodney Ledward or, indeed, Harold Shipman.It was recognised then that some doctors were not keeping fully up to date nor were they indulging in reflective practice.Irvine correctly proposed that there was a need to make registration with the GMC more meaningful to the public than a mere recognition that doctors had reached a certain standard of professional knowledge in their early 20s.Both articles promote the idea that the doctors' regulator should be filling the vacuum within the NHS created by its failing to fulfil its public responsibility to monitor doctors' clinical standards.Clinical governance is now, slowly, being developed and eventually will extend from systems and teams to individuals-but is it reasonable, as both authors postulate, that such monitoring should become the financial and moral responsibility of the GMC sitting in London and Manchester rather than local managers at the coalface?Although revalidation is a continuing process, it becomes summative only every five years.The NHS and its local systems must not be allowed to abrogate their responsibility for the safety of patients on a day to day basis.Nor should they demand that the GMC and its prime function of assuring fitness to practise and the meaning of the medical register be inappropriately promoted as the first line of defence for the maintenance of clinical quality and safety.
Letter: Accidents on holiday.
Authors: M J Merlin
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In our experience many doctors and medical students believe that dextrose is a carbohydrate that is different from glucose and do not realise that dextrose is the name given in the British Pharmacopoeia (1973) and the British Pharmaceutical Codex (1973) for glucose monohydrate.This causes confusion in under- standing disease and in treatment.Glucose is the scientifically acceptable trivial name for D( +)-glucose.We make a plea for the universal use in medicine of "glucose" as the only name for this compound and of "glucose mono- hydrate" when it is necessary to specify that the glucose molecule is not anhydrous (as it carries one molecule of water)-and for the abandonment by pharmacists of the name "dextrose."
Functional MicroRNA Is Transferred between Glioma Cells
Authors: Mark Katakowski, Benjamin Buller, Xinli Wang, Thomas Rogers, Michael Chopp
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded 17- to 27-nucleotide RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional silencing of target mRNAs. Here, we transformed rat 9L gliosarcoma cells to express cel-miR-67, a miRNA that lacks homology in rat. Coculture of these cells with cells that expressed a luciferase reporter that contained a complementary sequence to cel-miR-67 resulted in significant suppression of luciferase expression. This effect was also observed in the U87-MG human glioma cell line. Moreover, luciferase suppression was inhibited by the addition of carbenoxolone to cocultures, suggesting that gap junction communication regulates intercellular transfer of miRNA. Finally, in situ hybridization revealed the presence of cel-miR-67 in cel-miR-67-null 9L cells after coculture with cel-miR-67-expressing cells. Our data show that miRNA transcribed in glioma cells can be transferred to adjacent cells and induces targeted inhibition of protein expression in the acceptor cells. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of targeted intercellular protein regulation between brain tumor cells.
No effect of cancer-associated SNP rs6983267 in the 8q24 region on co-expression of MYC and TCF7L2 in normal colon tissue
Authors: Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson, Jennifer L Hall
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2009)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6983267, located within the 8q24 region, is strongly associated with risk of colorectal and prostate cancer. It has been suggested that the mechanism of this association is related to differential interaction of TCF7L2 protein (previously known as TCF-4) with alleles of rs6983267, influencing the expression of a well-known oncogene, MYC, located 335 Kb telomeric. Here, we tested the correlation between mRNA expression of MYC and several alternatively spliced forms of TCF7L2 in 117 non-cancer colon samples. We observed a strong correlation (r = 0.60, p < 10-6) between expression of MYC and a unique splicing form of TCF7L2. The level of MYC expression in these samples was associated with expression of some TCF7L2 splicing forms but not with genotypes of rs6983267, or interaction of rs6983267 with TCF7L2 expression. These findings suggest that some splicing forms of TCF7L2 may be functionally important for regulation of MYC expression in colon tissue but this regulation is not directly dependent on rs6983267.
Analog Computer Model of the Vectorcardiogram
Authors: RONALD H. SELVESTER, CLARENCE R. COLLIER, ROBERT B. PEARSON
Journal: Circulation (1965)

This Study demonstrates the feasibility of developing an analog computer model of the electrical events of the heart, based on a rational application of experimental knowledge of ventricular depolarization. Not only did the results resemble normal vectorcardiographic loops, but also changes were analogized from concepts of pathologic physiology that produced configurations resembling known clinical vectorcardiographic abnormalities. It is expected that all known vectorcardiographic deviations can eventually be simulated on a rational basis, and, further, that previously unrecognized alterations may be found permitting diagnosis of infarction or other processes not possible by present knowledge and criteria. The present study strongly supports the view that most, if not all, of the factors known to influence the electrical field of the heart can be simulated by computer technics. When this is accomplished, it may be possible to remove much of the dogma and empiricism from traditional electrocardiographic theory and place it on a more rational foundation. The need for further exploration in this area seems imperative.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Is Not the Sole Physiologic Mediator of Prolactin Release during Suckling
Authors: K. M. Gautvik, A. H. Tashjian, I. A. Kourides, B. D. Weintraub, C. T. Graeber, F. Maloof, K. Suzuki, J. E. Zuckerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Suckling elevated serum prolactin but had no effect on circulating thyrotropin, tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine in seven post-partum women. Injections of 6 and 300 μg of thyrotropin-releasing hormone raised serum concentrations of both prolactin and thyrotropin, but not of tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine. One or 2 μg of thyrotropin-releasing hormone had no effect on either prolactin or thyrotropin, although in three subjects, 6 μg caused similar relative increases in both serum prolactin and thyrotropin. Lactotrophs and thyrotrophs in the post-partum pituitary gland appear to be similarly responsive to exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and the failure to observe thyrotropin release with suckling is not due to blockade of the response of thyrotrophs by high levels of circulating thyroid hormones. The selective increase in serum prolactin induced by suckling, therefore, is not caused solely by release of endogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (N Engl J Med 290:1162–1165, 1974)
Call of the Pipes
Authors: Angelee Deodhar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Ad Libitum15 June 1998Call of the PipesAngelee DeodharAngelee DeodharChandigarh 160023, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail From a hospital bedI watch the leaves of autumndance a strathspey, a reelin tartans of russet, goldto a skirl of celestial pipesand I, a piobair barraichte*am back in the Highlands a cairdwith my tartan wrapped companionunder my armtogether we pipe sweet musicwatch others dancenow the music's all insidethe rales, the rouchi, the tympanionly the doctors hear itthrough their stethoscopesmy angled driftwood fingersplay on the tubesthey've hooked me towhile I await my turn to danceto the final call of the pipes.*(Pronounced PEA bar bah RISH ta) Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chandigarh 160023, IndiaCorresponding Author: Angelee Deodhar, House 1028, Sector 24-B, Chandigarh 160023, India. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1020 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
London scientists blame NHS reforms for brain drain
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An exodus of top medical researchers from London to posts elsewhere in Britain and abroad is being blamed on government mismanagement of the NHS. The brain drain includes several leading figures in genetics and gene therapy. Among them is Professor Bob Williamson, famous for his part in the discovery of the gene for cystic fibrosis. He is leaving St Mary's Hospital to take up a post as professor of genetics at Melbourne University in Australia.

Professor Williamson said that he had always resisted headhunting offers in the past but that things had “gone far enough” in London's hospitals. He said that the commercialisation of the NHS had made research all but impossible …
Access to Follicular Dendritic Cells Is a Pivotal Step in Murine Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-cell Activation and Proliferation
Authors: Kristina Heinig, Marcel Gätjen, Michael Grau, Vanessa Stache, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Kerstin Gerlach, Raluca A. Niesner, Zoltan Cseresnyes, Anja E. Hauser, Peter Lenz, Thomas Hehlgans, Robert Brink, Jörg Westermann, Bernd Dörken, Martin Lipp, Georg Lenz, Armin Rehm, Uta E. Höpken
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

In human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis, B-cell antigen receptor signaling seems important for leukemia B-cell ontogeny, whereas the microenvironment influences B-cell activation, tumor cell lodging, and provision of antigenic stimuli. Using the murine Eμ-Tcl1 CLL model, we demonstrate that CXCR5-controlled access to follicular dendritic cells confers proliferative stimuli to leukemia B cells. Intravital imaging revealed a marginal zone B cell-like leukemia cell trafficking route. Murine and human CLL cells reciprocally stimulated resident mesenchymal stromal cells through lymphotoxin-β-receptor activation, resulting in CXCL13 secretion and stromal compartment remodeling. Inhibition of lymphotoxin/lymphotoxin-β-receptor signaling or of CXCR5 signaling retards leukemia progression. Thus, CXCR5 activity links tumor cell homing, shaping a survival niche, and access to localized proliferation stimuli.CLL and other indolent lymphoma are not curable and usually relapse after treatment, a process in which the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role. We dissect the consecutive steps of CXCR5-dependent tumor cell lodging and LTβR-dependent stroma-leukemia cell interaction; moreover, we provide therapeutic solutions to interfere with this reciprocal tumor-stroma cross-talk.
Fiberoptic Endoscopy And Bronchoscopy
Authors: William F. Spence
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The editorial of Dr. Henry Colcher (225:58-59, 1973) interested me. In his discourse about fiberoptic endoscopy, Dr. Colcher makes no mention of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, which is also enjoying a striking increase in popularity among physicians.  For many years before the introduction of these instruments I sought to instruct medical residents in the technique of bronchoscopy and its usefulness and indications. These efforts were frequently criticized by those who thought this was not something that could or should be done by internists. My critics included both internists and surgeons. Now with the introduction of fiberoptic instruments, physicians are finding that there is much to be gained by examining the tracheobronchial tree and that the procedure can be learned by most any physician willing to make the effort. I believe the benefits of this new trend will be that more doctors will become interested and knowledgeable about disorders of
Identification of molecular targets associated with transformed diffuse large B cell lymphoma using highly purified tumor cells
Authors: Ulrika Andréasson, Michael Dictor, Mats Jerkeman, Mattias Berglund, Christer Sundström, Johan Linderoth, Richard Rosenquist, Carl A. K. Borrebaeck, Sara Ek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) frequently transforms into the more aggressive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL‐tr), but no protein biomarkers have been identified for predictive or early diagnosis. Gene expression analyses have identified genes changing on transformation but have failed to be reproducible in different studies, reflecting the heterogeneity within the tumor tissue and between tumor samples. Gene expression analyses on Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays were performed, using flow cytometry sorted tumor cells derived from FL and transformed DLBCL. To identify molecular targets associated with the transformation, subsequent immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses of the corresponding proteins were performed. Using highly purified cells, this study identified 163 genes, which were significantly deregulated during the transformation in a majority of cases. Among the upregulated transcripts, 13 genes were selected for validation using IHC, based on the availability of commercial antibodies, and galectin‐3 and NEK2 proteins specifically identify DLBCL‐tr, when compared with FL. We demonstrate that by purifying tumor cells through cell sorting, thereby reducing the heterogeneity due to infiltrating cells, it was possible to identify distinct differences between tumor entities rather than variations due to cellular composition. Galectin‐3 and NEK2 both identified a subgroup of DLBCL‐tr, and the function of these protein markers also suggests a biological role in the transformation process. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SERUM TRANSAMINASE ESTIMATIONS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF COLLAGEN DISEASES.
Authors: C. F. H. VICKERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article SERUM TRANSAMINASE ESTIMATIONS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF COLLAGEN DISEASES. Get access C. F. H. VICKERS, M.B., M.R.G.P.(Lond.), M.R.G.P.(Ed.). C. F. H. VICKERS, M.B., M.R.G.P.(Lond.), M.R.G.P.(Ed.). Senior Registrar, Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 5, 1 May 1961, Pages 185–193, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14430.x Published: 01 May 1961
Long-term clinical and histological outcomes in patients with spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance
Authors: Sang Hoon Ahn, Young Nyun Park, Jun Yong Park, Hye-Young Chang, Jung Min Lee, Ji Eun Shin, Kwang-Hyub Han, Chanil Park, Young Myoung Moon, Chae Yoon Chon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Assessment of Diagnostic Performance of Quantitative Flow Measurements in Normal Subjects and Patients With Angiographically Documented Coronary Artery Disease by Means of Nitrogen-13 Ammonia and Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Otto Muzik, Claire Duvernoy, Rob S.B. Beanlands, Steve Sawada, Firat Dayanikli, Edwin R. Wolfe, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Evolution of bHLH transcription factors: modular evolution by domain shuffling?
Authors: B. Morgenstern, W. R. Atchley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Multidomain proteins usually contain several conserved and apparently independently evolved domains. As a result, classifications based on only a single small domain may obscure the true evolutionary relationships of the proteins. The current classification of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins is based on the conserved bHLH domain alone. Herein, we explore whether sequence homology and, therefore, evolutionary relationships can be detected among the flanking or non-bHLH components of the amino acid sequences of 122 bHLH proteins. These 122 proteins were the same proteins previously used to construct the existing classification of the bHLH-domain-containing proteins. Several possible scenarios are examined in order to explain the observed patterns of sequence divergence, including (1) monophyly, (2) convergent evolution, (3) addition of functional components to the bHLH domain, and (4) modular evolution with domain shuffling. Drawing on several lines of evidence, we suggest that modular evolution by domain shuffling may have played an important role in the evolution of this large group of transcriptional regulators.
The causes of autism spectrum disorders
Authors: P. Szatmari
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The first Exchange-Traded Note (ETN) was introduced in 2006. Since then, at least 64 other ETNs have been issued, with more announced. This financial security, which is growing in number and popularity, is often confused with Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) and seems to be largely misunderstood by the general investing public and even by institutional investors and academicians. Since no academic work has been published on the subject, this article offers a seminal introduction to ETNs. It provides five basic categories of information: 1) descriptive information about ETNs, 2) fine print related to ETNs that we believe investors should understand before purchasing shares, 3) a few simple examples of ETNs that are available, 4) a simple analysis of how closely ETN market prices track their indicative values (something akin to NAV), and 5) a discussion of why ETNs may appeal to various investor classes. The authors believe this article will provide the catalyst for much future empirical work on these financial securities. <b>TOPICS:</b>Other real assets, exchange-traded funds and applications, passive strategies
IL-33–dependent induction of allergic lung inflammation by FcγRIII signaling
Authors: Melissa Y. Tjota, Jesse W. Williams, Tiffany Lu, Bryan S. Clay, Tiara Byrd, Cara L. Hrusch, Donna C. Decker, Claudia Alves de Araujo, Paul J. Bryce, Anne I. Sperling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Atopic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs generally marked by excessive Th2 inflammation. The role of allergen-specific IgG in asthma is still controversial; however, a receptor of IgG-immune complexes (IgG-ICs), FcγRIII, has been shown to promote Th2 responses through an unknown mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate that allergen-specific IgG-ICs, formed upon reexposure to allergen, promoted Th2 responses in two different models of IC-mediated inflammation that were independent of a preformed T cell memory response. Development of Th2-type airway inflammation was shown to be both FcγRIII and TLR4 dependent, and T cells were necessary and sufficient for this process to occur, even in the absence of type 2 innate lymphoid cells. We sought to identify downstream targets of FcγRIII signaling that could contribute to this process and demonstrated that bone marrow-derived DCs, alveolar macrophages, and respiratory DCs significantly upregulated IL-33 when activated through FcγRIII and TLR4. Importantly, IC-induced Th2 inflammation was dependent on the ST2/IL-33 pathway. Our results suggest that allergen-specific IgG can enhance secondary responses by ligating FcγRIII on antigen-presenting cells to augment development of Th2-mediated responses in the lungs via an IL-33-dependent mechanism.
Challenges in drug discovery for thiazolidinedione substitute
Authors: Jian-ping Ye
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a powerful insulin sensitizer in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It acts as a ligand to the nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) and induces transcription of PPARγ-responsive genes. TZD controls lipid synthesis and storage in adipose tissue, liver and many other tissues through PPARγ. Derivatives of TZD, such as rosiglitazone (Avandia) and pioglitazone (Actos), are more powerful than metformin or berberine in insulin sensitization. Although they have common side effects such as weight gain and edema, these did not influence their clinical application in general. However, recent findings of risk for congestive heart failure and bladder cancer have significantly impaired their future in many countries. European countries have prohibited those drugs, and US will terminate application of rosiglitazone in clinics and hospitals. The multiple country actions may mark the end of TZD era. As a result, there is a strong demand for identification of TZD substitute in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this regard, literature about PPARγ ligands and potential TZD substitute are reviewed in this article. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor is emphasized as a new class of insulin sensitizer here. Regulators of SIRT1, CREB, NO, p38, ERK and Cdk5 are discussed in the activation of PPARγ.