tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise and Vitamin D in Fall Prevention Among Older Women
Authors: Kirsti Uusi-Rasi, Radhika Patil, Saija Karinkanta, Pekka Kannus, Kari Tokola, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, Harri Sievänen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

While vitamin D supplementation and exercise are recommended for prevention of falls for older people, results regarding these 2 factors are contradictory.To determine the effectiveness of targeted exercise training and vitamin D supplementation in reducing falls and injurious falls among older women.A 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled vitamin D and open exercise trial conducted between April 2010 and March 2013 in Tampere, Finland. Participants were 409 home-dwelling women 70 to 80 years old. The main inclusion criteria were at least 1 fall during the previous year, no use of vitamin D supplements, and no contraindication to exercise.Four study groups, including placebo without exercise, vitamin D (800 IU/d) without exercise, placebo and exercise, and vitamin D (800 IU/d) and exercise.The primary outcome was monthly reported falls. Injurious falls and the number of fallers and injured fallers were reported as secondary outcomes. In addition, bone density, physical functioning (muscle strength, balance, and mobility), and vitamin D metabolism were assessed.Intent-to-treat analyses showed that neither vitamin D nor exercise reduced falls. Fall rates per 100 person-years were 118.2, 132.1, 120.7, and 113.1 in the placebo without exercise, vitamin D without exercise, placebo and exercise, and vitamin D and exercise study groups, respectively; however, injurious fall rates were 13.2, 12.9, 6.5, and 5.0, respectively. Hazard ratios for injured fallers were significantly lower among exercisers with vitamin D (0.38; 95% CI, 0.17-0.83) and without vitamin D (0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.99). Vitamin D maintained femoral neck bone mineral density and increased tibial trabecular density slightly. However, only exercise improved muscle strength and balance. Vitamin D did not enhance exercise effects on physical functioning.The rate of injurious falls and injured fallers more than halved with strength and balance training in home-dwelling older women, while neither exercise nor vitamin D affected the rate of falls. Exercise improved physical functioning. Future research is needed to determine the role of vitamin D in the enhancement of strength, balance, and mobility.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00986466.
Corneal In Vivo Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy in Patients with Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Yiqian Hu, Yukihiro Matsumoto, Enrique Sato Adan, Murat Dogru, Kazumi Fukagawa, Kazuo Tsubota, Hiroshi Fujishima
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Heterochronic evolution reveals modular timing changes in budding yeast transcriptomes
Authors: Daniel F Simola, Chantal Francis, Paul D Sniegowski, Junhyong Kim
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Gene expression is a dynamic trait, and the evolution of gene regulation can dramatically alter the timing of gene expression without greatly affecting mean expression levels. Moreover, modules of co-regulated genes may exhibit coordinated shifts in expression timing patterns during evolutionary divergence. Here, we examined transcriptome evolution in the dynamical context of the budding yeast cell-division cycle, to investigate the extent of divergence in expression timing and the regulatory architecture underlying timing evolution. Using a custom microarray platform, we obtained 378 measurements for 6,263 genes over 18 timepoints of the cell-division cycle in nine strains of S. cerevisiae and one strain of S. paradoxus. Most genes show significant divergence in expression dynamics at all scales of transcriptome organization, suggesting broad potential for timing changes. A model test comparing expression level evolution versus timing evolution revealed a better fit with timing evolution for 82% of genes. Analysis of shared patterns of timing evolution suggests the existence of seven dynamically-autonomous modules, each of which shows coherent evolutionary timing changes. Analysis of transcription factors associated with these gene modules suggests a modular pleiotropic source of divergence in expression timing. We propose that transcriptome evolution may generally entail changes in timing (heterochrony) rather than changes in levels (heterometry) of expression. Evolution of gene expression dynamics may involve modular changes in timing control mediated by module-specific transcription factors. We hypothesize that genome-wide gene regulation may utilize a general architecture comprised of multiple semi-autonomous event timelines, whose superposition could produce combinatorial complexity in timing control patterns.
Hope for the Best, and Prepare for the Worst
Authors: James D. Brody
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters4 November 2003Hope for the Best, and Prepare for the WorstJames D. Brody, MDJames D. Brody, MDFrom Jersey Shore Medical Center; Neptune, NJ 07753.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-9-200311040-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I am grateful to the authors of Hope for the Best, and Prepare for the Worst (1). Strategies to enhance communication are crucial to strengthening the patient–physician relationship and improving outcomes. As a patient with a recent diagnosis of advanced lung cancer, I've experienced perspectives on dying that never occurred to me in nearly 20 years of practice.Making a will and the other suggestions made by the authors are sensible goals. What more is there in preparing for the worst? Tonight I think about the worst, and I pray for the strength to face it. I ...Reference1. Back AL, Arnold RM, Quill TE. Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:439-43. [PMID: 12614110] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Jersey Shore Medical Center; Neptune, NJ 07753. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHope for the Best, and Prepare for the Worst Anthony L. Back , Robert M. Arnold , and Timothy E. Quill Metrics Cited byThirty Years Later: An Oncologist Reflects on Kübler-Ross's WorkDecision making in palliative radiation therapy: reframing hope in caregivers and patients with brain metastasesThirty Years Later: An Oncologist Reflects on Kubler-Ross's Work 4 November 2003Volume 139, Issue 9Page: 791-792KeywordsExerciseFearLung and intrathoracic tumorsPalliative careProteins ePublished: 4 November 2003 Issue Published: 4 November 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PTU-198 Serum FGF19 Levels are Related to Disease Activity in Ileal Crohn’S Disease
Authors: J D Nolan, I Johnston, T Dew, S Pattni, J R Walters
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> FGF19 is a polypeptide hormone produced in the ileum. It’s transcription is stimulated by bile acid (BA) activation of the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). In human cell lines the transcription of FGF19 is suppressed by pro inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) via inhibitory effects on ‘FXR’. We hypothesised that circulating FGF19 levels will be low in patients with active ileal Crohn’s disease and that these levels will increase after the administration of anti-inflammatory treatments commonly used to induce clinical remission. <h3>Methods</h3> Fasting circulating FGF19 levels were measured using ELISA. Disease activity was assessed using the Harvey Bradshaw index. In a cross sectional study, 30 patients with Crohn’s disease involving the ileum (and no previous intestinal resections) were recruited, 12 with active disease (HBI &gt; 4) and 8 with inactive disease. In longitudinal studies, 4 patients with active colonic disease and 5 patients with active disease involving the ileum had samples taken whilst their disease was active and again during medically induced clinical remission (HBI &lt; 4 induced by corticosteroids or anti-TNF) over 6 weeks later. 6 patients with CD involving the ileum (5 with previous ileal resection) whose disease remained inactive, had FGF19 levels samples measured taken on 2 separate occasions over 6 weeks apart. Non parametric statistical tests were used (Mann whitney, medians and ranges shown). <h3>Results</h3> In the cross sectional study serum FGF19 levels were significantly lower in those patient with CD involving the ileum with active disease (median 40, 3- 338) compared to inactive disease (median 147, 46 –255, p = 0.0486). In the longitudinal studies, serum FGF19 levels were significantly lower in the patients with CD involving the ileum whilst their disease was active (median 35, range 3 – 54) compared to paired levels taken after medically induced remission (median 141, range 116 – 184, p = 0.002). Paired FGF19 levels were not statistically different in the 4 patients with colonic Crohn’s disease during active disease (median 105, range 36 – 151) compared to medically induced clinical remission (median 86, range 40 – 120, p = 0.48). There was no significant difference in paired FGF19 levels In the 6 patients with CD involving the ileum with inactive disease taken on 2 seperate occasions (5 with previous ileal resections). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Circulating FGF19 levels are lower during active ileal or ileo-colonic crohn’s disease and increase after medically induced clinical remission. FGF19 levels may be induced by anti-inflammatory treatments either as a result of the inhibition of inflammtory cytokines within the ileum or due to enhanced BA absorption post treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
OC-116 Bowel screening wales—first round report: Abstract OC-116 Table 1
Authors: H Heard
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> This report describes the first round of Bowel Screening Wales (BSW). It is the first overview showing the entire performance of the national bowel screening programme in Wales. <h3>Methods</h3> The first round for BSW took place between 27 October 2008 and 24 November 2010. The Bowel Screening Information Management System obtains demographic information directly from the Welsh Demographic Service (WDS). This is the basis for the activity and outcome data presented here. This report is based on information available to BSW on the 1 August 2011. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 847 773 invitation letters were issued to 412 025 participants. 55.2% of participants invited returned a completed test kit within six months of invitation date. Women have a higher uptake (58.8%) compared to men (51.5%). Uptake around Wales varies between areas, ranging from 49% in Wrexham and Cardiff to nearly 59% in Anglesey and Bridgend. Initially, positive rates were as expected at around 0.2% for Faecal Occult Blood (FOB) kits, rising to 0.5%. Positive rates for both test kits were 2.3% and 2.4% in early 2009, rising to 3% during 2009. Around 1% of Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) kits were spoilt compared to 1.8% of FOB test kits. 6807 participants with a positive test result made an assessment appointment, waiting on average around 2 weeks. 82.7% attended the appointment; the majority were by phone with only seven participants attending face to face. 5594 participants were found fit for colonoscopy and offered the procedure. 89.4% of these attended with 2.8% declining and 0.2% not attending. Waiting times for colonoscopy were on average around 10 weeks. Abstract OC-116 table 1 shows the final outcome of the 5230 colonoscopy procedures. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The first round of screening was very successful demonstrating a pathology yield of over 70%. BSW face ongoing challenges with interesting new developments for a maturing programme. BSW is now well placed to begin planning further age expansion and development. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
CD99 expression is positively regulated by Sp1 and is negatively regulated by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 through nuclear factor-κB
Authors: Im-soon Lee, Min Kyung Kim, Eun Young Choi, Anja Mehl, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Min Chan Gil, Martin Rowe, Seong Hoe Park
Journal: Blood (2001)
Hypothesis-free analysis of ATG16L1 demonstrates gene-wide extent of association with Crohn's disease susceptibility: Table 1
Authors: Johan Van Limbergen, Boyko Kabakchiev, Joanne M Stempak, Phil Schumm, Wei Xu, Paul Henderson, Stephen Girardin, Anne M Griffiths, Dana Philpott, Mark Silverberg
Journal: Gut (2012)

We read with interest the recent paper by Plantinga et al showing a role for the threonine to alanine (T300A)-variant of ATG16L1 in regulating the expression of ATG16L1 and cytokine production in response to a NOD2-ligand.1 ATG16L1 , notably T300A (rs2241880) in exon 9, was first implicated in Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility in a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) study, followed by a tagging SNP study and regression analysis.2 These authors were unable to demonstrate differences in ATG16L1 expression based on T300A-genotype or intestinal inflammation.

ATG16L1 consists of a N-terminal Atg5-interacting domain, a coiled-coil domain (involved in self-dimerisation, containing the T300A variant) and seven WD-domains (putatively interacting with NOD2) at the C-terminus. In ATG16L1-deficient and hypomorphic mice, canonical and bacteria-induced autophagy, Paneth-cell homeostasis and interleukin-1β secretion were dependent on ATG16L1.3 ,4 By contrast, studies focusing on T300A have shown conflicting results.1 , …
Melanoma excision by general practitioners in North–East Thames region, England
Authors: None Khorshid, None Pinney, None Newton Bishop
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A retrospective study of pathology reports of melanomas excised by general practitioners (GPs) was undertaken in the course of a population-based study of melanoma, with a telephone survey of the current practice of those GPs who had excised melanomas. The objectives of this study were to identify all cases of cutaneous melanoma excised by GPs in the North-East Thames Region between 1989 and 1993, and to review the management of those patients. The main outcome measures of the study were: (i) the patterns of distribution of GP excisions within the region; (ii) the histological subtypes of melanomas excised, the accuracy of the pre-excision clinical diagnosis and the adequacy of treatment of the GP-treated tumours compared with the control group; and (iii) the reported current practice in the management of pigmented skin lesions by the GPs who had excised melanomas. Eight hundred and nineteen melanomas were excised in the region during the study period, of which 59 were excised by GPs. The Breslow thickness of tumours was similar in both GP-excised and non-GP-excised groups. Tumours were more likely to be amelanotic in the GP-excised group (P < 0.001). Incomplete excision was significantly more likely in the GP group (P < 0.001). The GPs made a confident clinical diagnosis of melanoma in only 17% of patients prior to surgery. The reported referral rate to specialists by this subset of GPs of patients with pigmented lesions was low, and at interview half of the GPs reported that they felt confident enough to manage patients with suspected skin cancers on their own. The majority of the GPs did not routinely obtain histological examination of skin lesions they believed to be benign. In conclusion, there are problems with the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and inadequacy of excision of melanomas removed in primary care. In the majority of cases, however, patients were subsequently appropriately treated by referral to specialist units. There was an under-usage of pathological examination of samples by the GPs interviewed.
An Illegitimate microRNA Target Site within the 3′ UTR of <i>MDM4</i> Affects Ovarian Cancer Progression and Chemosensitivity
Authors: Jessika Wynendaele, Anja Böhnke, Eleonora Leucci, Søren Jensby Nielsen, Irina Lambertz, Stefanie Hammer, Nadja Sbrzesny, Dana Kubitza, Anja Wolf, Elise Gradhand, Katharina Balschun, Ioana Braicu, Jalid Sehouli, Silvia Darb-Esfahani, Carsten Denkert, Christoph Thomssen, Steffen Hauptmann, Anders Lund, Jean-Christophe Marine, Frank Bartel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Overexpression of MDM4 (also known as MDMX or HDMX) is thought to promote tumorigenesis by decreasing p53 tumor suppressor function. Even modest decrease in Mdm4 levels affects tumorigenesis in mice, suggesting that genetic variants of MDM4 might have similar effects in humans. We sequenced the MDM4 gene in a series of ovarian cancer cell lines and carcinomas to identify mutations and/or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified an SNP (SNP34091) in the 3′-UTR of MDM4 that creates a putative target site for hsa-miR-191, a microRNA that is highly expressed in normal and tumor tissues. Biochemical evidence supports specific miR-191–dependent regulation of the MDM4-C, but not MDM4-A, variant. Consistently, the A-allele was associated with statistically significant increased expression of MDM4 mRNA and protein levels in ovarian carcinomas. Importantly, the wild-type genotype (A/A) is more frequent (57.8% vs. 42.2% for A/C and C/C, respectively) in patients with high-grade carcinomas than in patients with low-grade carcinomas (47.2% vs. 52.5% for A/A and A/C + C/C, respectively). Moreover, A/A patients who do not express the estrogen receptor had a 4.2-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–13.5; P = 0.02] increased risk of recurrence and 5.5-fold (95% CI = 1.5–20.5; P = 0.01) increased risk of tumor-related death. Unexpectedly, the frequency of p53 mutations was not significantly lower in A/A patients. We conclude that acquisition of an illegitimate miR-191 target site causes downregulation of MDM4 expression, thereby significantly delaying ovarian carcinoma progression and tumor-related death. Importantly, these effects appear to be, at least partly, independent of p53. Cancer Res; 70(23); 9641–9. ©2010 AACR.
The Use of 2 Contrast Filling Patterns in the Diagnosis of a Giant Coronary Aneurysm
Authors: Yun-Hyeong Cho, Eui-Young Choi, Se-Jung Yoon, Jeehyun Lee, Young-Jin Kim, Jong-Won Ha, Yangsoo Jang, Byung-Chul Chang, Namsik Chung
Journal: Circulation (2007)
A tool to identify recent or present rheumatoid arthritis flare from both patient and physician perspectives: The ‘FLARE’ instrument
Authors: Jean-Marie Berthelot, Michel De Bandt, Jacques Morel, Fatima Benatig, Arnaud Constantin, Philippe Gaudin, Xavier Le Loet, Jean-Francis Maillefert, Olivier Meyer, Thao Pham, Alain Saraux, Elisabeth Solau-Gervais, Elisabeth Spitz, Daniel Wendling, Bruno Fautrel, Francis Guillemin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is a lack of consensus about the definition of flare of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a measurement tool. <h3>Objectives</h3> To develop a self-administered tool integrating the perspectives of the patient and the rheumatologist, enabling the detection of present or recent-past RA flare. <h3>Methods</h3> The patient perspective was explored by semistructured individual interviews of patients with RA. Two health psychologists conducted a content analysis to extract items best describing flare from the interviews. The physician9s perspective was explored through a Delphi exercise conducted among a panel of 13 rheumatologists. A comprehensive list of items produced in the first round was reduced in a four-round Delphi process to select items cited by at least 75% of the respondents. The identified elements were assembled in domains—each converted into a statement—to constitute the final self-administered Flare Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis (FLARE) questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> The content of 99 patient interviews was analysed, and 10 domains were identified: joint swelling or pain, night pain, fatigue and different emotional consequences, as well as analgesic intake. The Delphi process for physicians identified eight domains related to objective RA symptoms and drug intake, of which only four were common to domains for patients. Finally, 13 domains were retained in the FLARE questionnaire, formulated as 13 statements with a Likert-scale response modality of six answers ranging from ‘absolutely true’ to ‘completely untrue’. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Two different methods, for patient and physician perspectives, were used to develop the FLARE self-administered questionnaire, which can identify past or present RA flare.
Maternal Food Consumption during Pregnancy and the Longitudinal Development of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Saskia M. Willers, Alet H. Wijga, Bert Brunekreef, Marjan Kerkhof, Jorrit Gerritsen, Maarten O. Hoekstra, Johan C. de Jongste, Henriette A. Smit
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Maternal diet during pregnancy has the potential to affect airway development and to promote T-helper-2–cell responses during fetal life. This might increase the risk of developing childhood asthma or allergy.Objectives: We investigated the influence of maternal food consumption during pregnancy on childhood asthma outcomes from 1 to 8 years of age.Methods: A birth cohort study consisting of a baseline of 4,146 pregnant women (1,327 atopic and 2,819 nonatopic). These women were asked about their frequency of consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, egg, milk, milk products, nuts, and nut products during the last month. Their children were followed until 8 years of age. Longitudinal analyses were conducted to assess associations between maternal diet during pregnancy and childhood asthma outcomes over 8 years.Measurements and Main Results: Complete data were obtained for 2,832 children. There were no associations between maternal vegetable, fish, egg, milk or milk products, and nut consumption and longitudinal childhood outcomes. Daily consumption of nut products increased the risk of childhood wheeze (odds ratio [OR] daily versus rare consumption, 1.42; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06–1.89), dyspnea (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.16–2.15), steroid use (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.06–2.46), and asthma symptoms (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.08–1.99).Conclusions: Results of this study indicate an increased risk of daily versus rare consumption of nut products during pregnancy on childhood asthma outcomes. These findings need to be replicated by other studies before dietary advice can be given to pregnant women.