tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
White piedra caused by <i>Trichosporon inkin</i> : a report of two cases in a northern climate
Authors: L.J. Goldberg, E.M. Wise, N.S. Miller
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article White piedra caused by Trichosporon inkin: a report of two cases in a northern climate Get access L.J. Goldberg, L.J. Goldberg Department of Dermatology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA U.S.ADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA U.S.A E‐mail: lynngold@bu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.M. Wise, E.M. Wise Department of Dermatology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.S. Miller N.S. Miller Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 3, 1 September 2015, Pages 866–868, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13824 Published: 01 September 2015
Knockdown of NAT12/NAA30 reduces tumorigenic features of glioblastoma-initiating cells
Authors: Awais A. Mughal, Zanina Grieg, Håvard Skjellegrind, Artem Fayzullin, Mustapha Lamkhannat, Mrinal Joel, M. Shakil Ahmed, Wayne Murrell, Einar O. Vik-Mo, Iver A. Langmoen, Biljana Stangeland
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy and confers a dismal prognosis. GBMs harbor glioblastoma-initiating cells (GICs) that drive tumorigenesis and contribute to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Consequently, there is a strong rationale to target this cell population in order to develop new molecular therapies against GBM. Accumulating evidence indicates that Nα-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs), that are dysregulated in numerous human cancers, can serve as therapeutic targets. Microarrays were used to study the expression of several NATs including NAT12/NAA30 in clinical samples and stem cell cultures. The expression of NAT12/NAA30 was analyzed using qPCR, immunolabeling and western blot. We conducted shRNA-mediated knockdown of NAT12/NAA30 gene in GICs and studied the effects on cell viability, sphere-formation and hypoxia sensitivity. Intracranial transplantation to SCID mice enabled us to investigate the effects of NAT12/NAA30 depletion in vivo. Using microarrays we identified genes and biochemical pathways whose expression was altered upon NAT12/NAA30 down-regulation. While decreased expression of the distal 3'UTR of NAT12/NAA30 was generally observed in GICs and GBMs, this gene was strongly up-regulated at the protein level in GBM and GICs. The increased protein levels were not caused by increased levels of the steady state mRNA but rather by other mechanisms. Also, shorter 3'UTR of NAT12/NAA30 correlated with poor survival in glioma patients. As well, we observed previously not described nuclear localization of this typically cytoplasmic protein. When compared to non-silencing controls, cells featuring NAT12/NAA30 knockdown exhibited reduced cell viability, sphere-forming ability, and mitochondrial hypoxia tolerance. Intracranial transplantation showed that knockdown of NAT12/NAA30 resulted in prolonged animal survival. Microarray analysis of the knockdown cultures showed reduced levels of HIF1α and altered expression of several other genes involved in the hypoxia response. Furthermore, NAT12/NAA30 knockdown correlated with expressional dysregulation of genes involved in the p53 pathway, ribosomal assembly and cell proliferation. Western blot analysis revealed reduction of HIF1α, phospho-MTOR(Ser2448) and higher levels of p53 and GFAP in these cultures. NAT12/NAA30 plays an important role in growth and survival of GICs possibly by regulating hypoxia response (HIF1α), levels of p-MTOR (Ser2448) and the p53 pathway.
Nanoscale Cellular Changes in Field Carcinogenesis Detected by Partial Wave Spectroscopy
Authors: Hariharan Subramanian, Hemant K. Roy, Prabhakar Pradhan, Michael J. Goldberg, Joseph Muldoon, Randall E. Brand, Charles Sturgis, Thomas Hensing, Daniel Ray, Andrej Bogojevic, Jameel Mohammed, Jeen-Soo Chang, Vadim Backman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Understanding alteration of cell morphology in disease has been hampered by the diffraction-limited resolution of optical microscopy (&amp;gt;200 nm). We recently developed an optical microscopy technique, partial wave spectroscopy (PWS), which is capable of quantifying statistical properties of cell structure at the nanoscale. Here we use PWS to show for the first time the increase in the disorder strength of the nanoscale architecture not only in tumor cells but also in the microscopically normal-appearing cells outside of the tumor. Although genetic and epigenetic alterations have been previously observed in the field of carcinogenesis, these cells were considered morphologically normal. Our data show organ-wide alteration in cell nanoarchitecture. This seems to be a general event in carcinogenesis, which is supported by our data in three types of cancer: colon, pancreatic, and lung. These results have important implications in that PWS can be used as a new method to identify patients harboring malignant or premalignant tumors by interrogating easily accessible tissue sites distant from the location of the lesion. [Cancer Res 2009;69(13):5357–63]
Angiotensin receptor blockers reduce erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M E Perry, M M Chee, W R Ferrell, J C Lockhart, R D Sturrock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

The proinflammatory properties of angiotensin II have been well described.1 Indeed, the angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) is present and upregulated in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).2 Two separate studies, have confirmed the therapeutic effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)3 and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)4 on joint inflammation in both mouse and rat. ACEi may differ from ARB as the former tend to be non-specific in their anti-inflammatory effect.

To assess the effect of ACEi and ARB on human C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels, a retrospective analysis was performed …
Mechanically Induced Intravascular and Extravascular Hemolysis in Dogs
Authors: HERBERT W. WALLACE, RONALD F. COBURN, FOWZI HABBOUSHE, WILLIAM S. BLAKEMORE, CAROLYN E. SHEPARD
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The endogenous production of carbon monoxide and the flow of hemoglobin to and from plasma were measured in 11 anesthetized dogs after pumping blood through an extracorporeal circuit for short periods. Two different pumps were used. In all animals the increase in CO production was greater than could be explained by catabolism of hemoglobin lost from plasma, an average of 11.4 times greater with one pump and 2.49 times greater with the other pump. Evidence is presented that this discrepancy could not be explained by catabolism of heme other than that of hemoglobin, and we therefore concluded that rates of hemoglobin catabolism were much greater than indicated by plasma hemoglobin kinetics and that extravascular hemolysis is a major cause of erythrocyte destruction during mechanically induced hemolysis. Extravascular hemolysis apparently caused an average of 72.9% and 37.2% (with the two pumps) of the total quantity of erythrocytes destroyed during pumping and for 3 hours after pumping.
Treatment of chronic constipation with lactulose syrup: results of a double-blind study.
Authors: A Wesselius-De Casparis, S Braadbaart, G E Bergh-Bohlken, M Mimica
Journal: Gut (1968)

Although correction of faulty bowel habits and a change in dietary regimen is helpful in many cases of constipation, there remains a group of patients who cannot easily accept the prescribed regimen, or in whom no desired effect is obtained.It is here that there is a need for effective bowel regulation without the use of drastic laxatives.Because prolonged treatment of what is essentially a harmless disease may be required, a bowel regulator must be carefully chosen.It should have a gentle effect, without any systemic action (presumably therefore not absorbed), no adverse effects such as cramps or salt depletion, and no contraindications, and it must be neither toxic nor habit forming.Since lactulosel, first studied by Mayerhofer and Petuely (1959), largely meets these requirements, we have carried out a double-blind study of the effect of lactulose in patients with severe constipation.Lactulose, ,B-galactosido-fructose, is a synthetic disaccharide which is not digested in the small intestine since the specific disaccharidase is lacking (Dahlqvist and Gryboski, 1965).It passes un- changed into the colon where it serves as an energy source for the carbohydrate-splitting bacteria, predominantly Lactobacillus acidophilus and L.
Disappearance of Hb F and i antigen during the first year of life
Authors: Annie Henri, Ugo Testa, Hoi Tonthat, Jean Riou, Monique Titeux, William Vainchenker, Franck Feuilhade, Frédéric Galacteros, Henri Rochant
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract In order to investigate whether a common control mechanism is involved in the diminution of i antigen expression and that of Hb F content in human erythrocytes during the postnatal period, we compared changes in 72 normal infants aged from 0 to 12 months. The proportion of hemoglobins (Hb F, Hb A, Hb A 2 ) and the quantitation of „i”︁ antigen were determined on the total population of red blood cells. In addition, the percentage of individual cells containing Hb F or „i”︁ antigen or both (F cells, „i”︁ cells, and F + „i”︁ cells) were evaluated by using a rhodamine‐conjugated anti‐Hb F and a fluorescein conjugated anti‐i system on the same smear preparation, The results provided by the two most sensitive techniques (F cell counting and „i”︁ agglutinability) indicated that the curves of disappearance of Hb F and „i”︁ antigen along the 12 first months after birth were identical. A strong correlation (r = 0.97, P &lt; 0.0001) existed between the percentage of F cells and „i”︁ antigen expression. In addition, the progressive increase in Hb A 2 concentration was inversely correlated firstly with the proportion of Hb F and second with the expression of the „i”︁ antigen. These results suggest that the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin and the transformation of „i”︁ antigen expression occurring during the first year following birth are governed by a common control mechanism.
Survival Methods
Authors: David Oakes, Derick R. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2008)

urvival analysis concerns outcome variables that are the times to the occurrence of events such as myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, or death.Rao and Schoenfeld 1 give an excellent account of frequently used techniques in survival analysis, including Kaplan-Meier estimation of a single survival distribution, the log-rank test for comparing 2 survival distributions, and Cox's proportionalhazards model (PHM) for assessing the affect of multiple predictors on survival.Our article delves more deeply into the methodology, emphasizing the use of time-dependent covariates both as devices for assessing the fit of a model and as risk predictors in their own right.We review the accelerated life model as an important alternative to the PHM.We address the analysis of event-time data when individuals may experience multiple events and the use of combined end points.We describe the use of cumulative incidence curves as an alternative to Kaplan-Meier estimation in situations involving competing risks.Finally, we mention some issues related to the analysis of quality of life and cost-effectiveness data in survival studies.
Preventability of Cancer: The Relative Contributions of Biologic and Social and Physical Environmental Determinants of Cancer Mortality
Authors: Graham A. Colditz, Esther K. Wei
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2012)

Whereas models of cancer disparities and variation in cancer burden within population groups now specify multiple levels of action from biologic processes to individual risk factors and social and physical contextual factors, approaches to estimating the preventable proportion of cancer use more traditional direct models often from single exposures to cancer at specific organ sites. These approaches are reviewed, and the strengths and limitations are presented. The need for additional multilevel data and approaches to estimation of preventability are identified. International or regional variation in cancer may offer the most integrated exposure assessment over the life course. For the four leading cancers, which account for 50% of incidence and mortality, biologic, social, and physical environments play differing roles in etiology and potential prevention. Better understanding of the interactions and contributions across these levels will help refine prevention strategies.
Mortality in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Finland, Estonia, and Lithuania: follow-up of nationwide cohorts.
Authors: T Podar, A Solntsev, A Reunanen, B Urbonaite, R Zalinkevicius, M Karvonen, R E LaPorte, J Tuomilehto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

To assess mortality of population-based cohorts of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients from the Eastern European countries of Estonia and Lithuania and compare this information with recent data from Finland.Estonian (n = 518) and Finnish (n = 5,156) type 1 diabetic cohorts were diagnosed between 1980 and 1994, and the Lithuanian (n = 698) cohort was diagnosed between 1983 and 1994. The mortality of these cohorts was determined in 1995. Life-table analysis, Cox survival analysis with covariates, and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were used. Causes of death were analyzed.Survival after 10 years duration of type 1 diabetes was similar in Estonia (94.3%) and Lithuania (94.0%), but much higher in Finland (99.1%). In the Cox survival analysis with covariates, the country of origin and age at diagnosis were found to be significant predictors of mortality. The SMR for the Estonian cohort was 4.35 (95% CI 2.25-7.61), the highest for the Lithuanian cohort was 7.55 (4.89-11.15), and the lowest for the Finnish cohort was 1.62 (1.10-2.28). The most common cause of death in Estonia and Lithuania was diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and in Finland, it was violent causes. No deaths from late complications of diabetes have been documented so far in any of the three countries.Our results demonstrate a high rate of short-term deaths due to DKA and inferior survival of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients in Estonia and Lithuania compared with Finland. In Finland, the survival of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients has improved and is only slightly inferior to that of the background population.
Heterogeneity in the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro revealed by sensitivity to hydrocortisone.
Authors: A Altman, I R Cohen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

In the present study we used hydrocortisone (HC) treatment in vivo as a probe to analyze two different in vitro systems for the regeneration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), namely the antifibroblast reaction (AFR) and the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) system. We found that cells remaining in the thymus after HC treatment had increased reactivity in these two systems. However, the same treatment in the spleen severely depressed the MLC reactivity in both the proliferative and the cytolytic phases, while markedly increasing the AFR reactivity. These findings demonstrate heterogeneity of CTL precursors and/or their pathways of differentiation into effector cells. In addition, MLC-reactive cells in the thymus appear to be distinct from such cells in the spleen, as judged from their differential sensitivity to HC.
Carbon Nanotubes Enhance CpG Uptake and Potentiate Antiglioma Immunity
Authors: Dongchang Zhao, Darya Alizadeh, Leying Zhang, Wei Liu, Omar Farrukh, Edwin Manuel, Don J. Diamond, Behnam Badie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Stimulation of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) has been shown to counteract the immunosuppressive microenvironment and to inhibit tumor growth in glioma models. Because TLR9 is located intracellularly, we hypothesized that methods that enhance its internalization may also potentiate its immunostimulatory response. The goal of this study was to evaluate carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a CpG delivery vehicle in brain tumor models.Functionalized single-walled CNTs were conjugated with CpG (CNT-CpG) and evaluated in vitro and in mice bearing intracranial GL261 gliomas. Flow cytometry was used to assess CNT-CpG uptake and antiglioma immune response. Tumor growth was measured by bioluminescent imaging, histology, and animal survival.CNT-CpG was nontoxic and enhanced CpG uptake both in vitro and intracranial gliomas. CNT-mediated CpG delivery also potentiated proinflammatory cytokine production by primary monocytes. Interestingly, a single intracranial injection of low-dose CNT-CpG (but not free CpG or blank CNT) eradicated intracranial GL261 gliomas in half of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, surviving animals exhibited durable tumor-free remission (>3 months), and were protected from intracranial tumor rechallenge, demonstrating induction of long-term antitumor immunity.These findings suggest that CNTs can potentiate CpG immunopotency by enhancing its delivery into tumor-associated inflammatory cells.
Exercise and Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Paul D. Thompson, David Buchner, Ileana L. Piña, Gary J. Balady, Mark A. Williams, Bess H. Marcus, Kathy Berra, Steven N. Blair, Fernando Costa, Barry Franklin, Gerald F. Fletcher, Neil F. Gordon, Russell R. Pate, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Antronette K. Yancey, Nanette K. Wenger
Journal: Circulation (2003)

HomeCirculationVol. 107, No. 24Exercise and Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Visual imagery is not always like visual perception
Authors: Martha E. Arterberry, Catherine Craver-Lemley, Adam Reeves
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The “Perky effect” is the interference of visual imagery with vision. Studies of this effect show that visual imagery has more than symbolic properties, but these properties differ both spatially (including “pictorially”) and temporally from those of vision. We therefore reject both the literal picture-in-the-head view and the entirely symbolic view.
Pulmonary asbestos and dust content in East Africa.
Authors: P G Stovin, P Partridge
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Measurements were made of the asbestos fibre and dust content of samples from 96 surgically excised lungs; 42 necropsies on patients with lung cancer, 11 necropsies on patients with non-pulmonary malignancies, and 59 necropsies on patients without any malignant disease. The patients9 ages ranged from 45 to 74 years at the time of study. None of the patients had asbestosis. The distribution of fibres and dust content of the lungs showed a log-normal distribution. There was no significant difference in fibre counts or dust content between men and women, and between lung cancer and non-cancer patients. The only group with an association with a high asbestos fibre count was four necropsy cases of pleural mesothelioma. There was no significant relationship between asbestos fibre count and dust content of the lung. The present data suggest that asbestos fibre counts below 100,000 per gram of dried lung are not related to specific asbestos disease, although in the surgical cases who were closely questioned on their residential and occupational histories most of those with fibre counts above 30,000 per gram dried lung had had occasions of definite or very likely asbestos exposure.
Generation 2.5 Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting the Androgen Receptor and Its Splice Variants Suppress Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Yoshiaki Yamamoto, Yohann Loriot, Eliana Beraldi, Fan Zhang, Alexander W. Wyatt, Nader Al Nakouzi, Fan Mo, Tianyuan Zhou, Youngsoo Kim, Brett P. Monia, A. Robert MacLeod, Ladan Fazli, Yuzhuo Wang, Colin C. Collins, Amina Zoubeidi, Martin Gleave
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Enzalutamide (ENZ) is a potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, progression to ENZ-resistant (ENZ-R) CRPC frequently occurs with rising serum PSA levels, implicating AR full-length (ARFL) or variants (AR-Vs) in disease progression.To define functional roles of ARFL and AR-Vs in ENZ-R CRPC, we designed 3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) targeting exon-1, intron-1, and exon-8 in AR pre-mRNA to knockdown ARFL alone or with AR-Vs, and examined their effects in three CRPC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts.ENZ-R-LNCaP cells express high levels of both ARFL and AR-V7 compared with CRPC-LNCaP; in particular, ARFL levels were approximately 12-fold higher than AR-V7. Both ARFL and AR-V7 are highly expressed in the nuclear fractions of ENZ-R-LNCaP cells even in the absence of exogenous androgens. In ENZ-R-LNCaP cells, knockdown of ARFL alone, or ARFL plus AR-Vs, similarly induced apoptosis, suppressed cell growth and AR-regulated gene expression, and delayed tumor growth in vivo. In 22Rv1 cells that are inherently ENZ-resistant, knockdown of both ARFL and AR-Vs more potently suppressed cell growth, AR transcriptional activity, and AR-regulated gene expression than knockdown of ARFL alone. Exon-1 AR-ASO also inhibited tumor growth of LTL-313BR patient-derived CRPC xenografts.These data identify the AR as an important driver of ENZ resistance, and while the contributions of ARFL and AR-Vs can vary across cell systems, ARFL is the key driver in the ENZ-R LNCaP model. AR targeting strategies against both ARFL and AR-Vs is a rational approach for AR-dependent CRPC.