tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of hydroxylapatite coating crystallinity on biosolubility, cell attachment efficiency and proliferation in vitro
Authors: L. Chou, B. Marek, W.R. Wagner
Journal: Biomaterials (1999)

A hydroxylapatite (HA) coating with ∼97% crystalline HA content (MP-1 treated HA coating, MP-HA) was tested in vitro for its biosolubility and cellular biocompatibility. The MP-HA coating was compared with a standard HA coating with ∼63% crystallinity (SHA) and an amorphous HA coating with ∼25% crystallinity (AHA), as well as a titanium (Ti) surface without HA coating as a control. The topographic study with scanning electron microscopy indicated that MP-HA appeared more coarse, with projected nodules which altered the shape of cells attached to the substrate. Biosolubility study indicated that MP-HA had the least effect on the culture medium pH, while AHA (P<0.01) and SHA (P<0.05) significantly raised the medium pH up to 8.2 and 7.75, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed essentially unchanged levels of the total soluble phases of all coatings after incubation with culture medium, except that the CaO phase was rapidly dissolved from AHA coatings and completely eliminated from SHA coatings. Cultures of human gingival fibroblasts on these HA coatings showed that MP-HA and SHA had about the same cell attachment efficiency which was relatively lower than that of AHA coatings. MP-HA generated significant higher cell proliferation rate relative to AHA (P<0.01) and SHA (P<0.05). This study indicated that surface chemistry and topography of lower crystallinity might be favorable to cell attachment, but that elevated medium pH might result in a cytotoxic effect that inhibits the proliferation of attached cells on coating surfaces.
Brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase contributes to the comorbidity of pain and depression
Authors: Hyangin Kim, Lucy Chen, Grewo Lim, Backil Sung, Shuxing Wang, Michael F. McCabe, Gabriel Rusanescu, Liling Yang, Yinghong Tian, Jianren Mao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Pain and depression are frequently comorbid disorders, but the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. Here, we report that brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan metabolism, plays a key role in this comorbidity. We found that chronic pain in rats induced depressive behavior and IDO1 upregulation in the bilateral hippocampus. Upregulation of IDO1 resulted in the increased kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and decreased serotonin/tryptophan ratio in the bilateral hippocampus. We observed elevated plasma IDO activity in patients with both pain and depression, as well as in rats with anhedonia induced by chronic social stress. Intra-hippocampal administration of IL-6 in rats, in addition to in vitro experiments, demonstrated that IL-6 induces IDO1 expression through the JAK/STAT pathway. Further, either Ido1 gene knockout or pharmacological inhibition of hippocampal IDO1 activity attenuated both nociceptive and depressive behavior. These results reveal an IDO1-mediated regulatory mechanism underlying the comorbidity of pain and depression and suggest a new strategy for the concurrent treatment of both conditions via modulation of brain IDO1 activity.
Chemotherapy Induced Febrile Neutropenia of Docetaxel with Cyclophosphamide (TC) for Adjuvant Therapy of Breast Cancer in the Community – Reality Check.
Authors: R. Myers, B. Higgins, J. Myers, M. Leung, S. Rajagopal, G. Jones, J. Stakiw
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Following the publication of the paper utilising docetaxel and cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer Jones et al JCO 24:5381-5387/2006, we elected to use this program for low to intermediate risk breast cancer patients at the Carlo Fidani Cancer Centre in Mississauga Ontario. From January 2008 until June 2009 we have treated 86 patients. After treating our first 16 patients 6 had developed febrile neutropenia requiring admission to hospital. These patients were subsequently treated with either dose reduction or filgastrim/pegfilgastrim was added. For all 70 subsequently treated patients with this program, either dose reduction or primary prophylaxis with filgatrim or pegfilgastrim was used,prophylactic antibiotics were not used. In this cohort 2 patients required admission to hospital with infection and only 1 was neutropenic (2/70=3%). Details of all patients will be presented. The likelihood of this difference occurring from chance was small p&amp;lt; .0005. (Fischer exact test) Within the paper the quoted febrile neutropenia rate was 5% for the TC group. In the first publication JCO 24:5381-5387, 2006 it is stated that neither prophylactic antibiotics nor growth factors were routinely used whereas in the second paper JCO 27:1177-1183,2009 it is stated that prophylactic quinoline antibiotics were recommended but not required. It is important in a landmark study like this one that details regarding anciliary treatments be detailed so that it may be used safely in the community. Our rate of febrile neutropenia without filgastrim/pegfilgastrim was 6/16=37.5%. The causes of the differences between our rate of fne and that seen in the paper will be discusseed. In addition the differences we saw in the fne rate when either filgastrim/pegfilgatrim were added were markedly improved. In conclusion the TC program given a fne rate &amp;gt; 30 % would mandate the usage of filgastrim or pegfilgastrim for primary prophylaxis. The addition of figastrim/pegfilgastrim markedly reduced our fne rate. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2092.
Transcoronary chemical ablation of ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: P Brugada, H de Swart, J L Smeets, H J Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1989)

After identification of the artery supplying blood to the arrhythmogenic area, transcoronary chemical ablation of ventricular tachycardia was undertaken in three patients with incessant tachycardia in whom the other therapeutic options had failed. Sterile ethanol (96%) was given at a dose of 1.5 ml in two patients and a total of 6 ml in the third. The arrhythmia was cured in two patients and suppressed during a 1-month period in the third until new collateral blood supply to the arrhythmogenic area developed and ventricular tachycardia recurred. The procedure was then repeated successfully. After administration of ethanol in the high interventricular septum, one patient developed temporary complete atrioventricular block and a pacemaker was implanted. No other complications occurred. We observed that in patients with ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction, it is possible to identify and catheterize small coronary arteries responsible for blood supply to the site of origin or pathway of ventricular tachycardia. After careful transcoronary mapping with saline, chemical ablation can prevent further episodes of the arrhythmia in selected patients.
Crying in Stairwells: How Should We Grieve for Dying Patients?-Reply
Authors: Stephen Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I thank Dr Siegel for his response. His assessment that our medical education does not adequately address a physician's own emotional response to patients is an understatement. The medical training I received touched on such topics as delivering bad news and taking into account the impact of a hospitalization on a patient and his or her family, but in retrospect I am amazed that the emotional impact the patient might have on me was never discussed. One aspect that his letter fails to take into account is the awkward position that house officers are often placed in. In "A Father's Eyes," I am a cross-covering intern, unsure of what has transpired in the critical days prior to my brief interaction with this family and unsure of where these parents are in terms of their own emotional response to their son's sudden illness. In Siegel's letter, he speaks of
An Address ON DILATATION AND HYPERTROPHY OF THE HEART AND SOME OTHER POINTS IN CARDIAC PATHOLOGY: Delivered before the Eastbourne Medical Society
Authors: S. West
Journal: BMJ (1906)

<h3>Background</h3> BXCL701 is an oral competitive inhibitor of DPPs, primarily DPP8/9, that activates inflammasome mediated pyroptosis. BXCL701 therefore, can induce an innate immune reaction and tumor inflammation, bridging between innate and adaptive immunity, potentially leading to synergistic anticancer activity when combined with PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a phase 2, open-label, single-center study (NCT04171219) of oral BXCL701 0.3 mg BID on days 1–14 and intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg on day 1 of a 21-day cycle with a safety lead-in to evaluate RECIST/iRECIST response rate in patients with advanced solid cancers. After confirming safety and dose limiting toxicities (DLT) in the first 6 patients, additional patients are being enrolled to a PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (ab) naïve cohort and PD-1/PD-L1 ab pretreated cohort. Each cohort is planned to enroll 9 patients, and if a partial (PR) or complete response (CR) is observed the cohort is expanded to a total of 17 patients. The treatment is considered promising if at least 3 PRs or CRs are observed in a cohort of 17 patients. <h3>Results</h3> As of August 24, 2020, 14 patients were treated; 5 patients (prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, uveal melanoma, liposarcoma, basal cell carcinoma) were enrolled in the PD-1/PD-L1 ab naïve cohort and 9 patients (leiomyosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary, melanoma, myxoid sarcoma, pleomorphic sarcoma, colorectal cancer, anaplastic astrocytoma, prostate cancer) were enrolled to PD-1/PD-L1 ab pretreated cohort. Among all 14 patients, there was 1 episode of grade 4 hypotension (recovered) and 1 episode of grade 5 hypotension attributed to BXCL701. In the PD-1/PD-L1 ab naïve cohort, of 3 patients with available imaging, 2 had a PR (uveal melanoma previously treated with PD-1/OX40 fusion protein [-31%] n=1; and microsatellite stable endometrial cancer [-62%], n=1). In the PD-1/PD-L1 ab pretreated cohort, there were no objective responses in 5 patients with available imaging; however, a patient with pleomorphic sarcoma refractory to PD-1 antibody monotherapy demonstrated a tumor shrinkage of -18% on the first restaging imaging. <h3>Conclusions</h3> BXCL701 in combination with pembrolizumab demonstrated encouraging signals of activity in selected difficult-to-treat cancers. Mitigation strategies to prevent events of high-grade hypotension are being implemented to allow the enrollment continuation. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> NCT04171219 <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> The study was approved by MD Anderson IRB
ULTIMATE RESULTS OF ELECTRICITY IN FIBROID TUMORS.
Authors: G. BETTON MASSEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

A physician recently asked me the question if there really was any value in the electric treatment of fibroid tumors of the uterus. Being a general practitioner unfamiliar with the subject itself, and yet not entirely unfamiliar with my well-known position on this question, I was somewhat taken aback, as the expression is, at the assumption that my private views could differ from my public statements, and was most emphatic in my endorsement of published views. Subsequent reflection convinced me, however, that his question was a natural one and intended to elicit an expression of these esoteric views of our work which we sometimes indulge in to intimate professional friends, and which so happily govern the deliberate work of many men who are commonly thought too enthusiastic and over-professional. Taking for granted that those interested in hearing this short paper are in the same confidentially inquiring mood I shall endeavor
Association of active and passive smoking with risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study
Authors: J. Luo, K. L. Margolis, J. Wactawski-Wende, K. Horn, C. Messina, M. L. Stefanick, H. A. Tindle, E. Tong, T. E. Rohan
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the association between smoking and risk of invasive breast cancer using quantitative measures of lifetime passive and active smoking exposure among postmenopausal women. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> 40 clinical centres in the United States. <b>Participants</b> 79 990 women aged 50–79 enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study during 1993–8. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Self reported active and passive smoking, pathologically confirmed invasive breast cancer. <b>Results</b> In total, 3520 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were identified during an average of 10.3 years of follow-up. Compared with women who had never smoked, breast cancer risk was elevated by 9% among former smokers (hazard ratio 1.09 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.17)) and by 16% among current smokers (hazard ratio 1.16 (1.00 to 1.34)). Significantly higher breast cancer risk was observed in active smokers with high intensity and duration of smoking, as well as with initiation of smoking in the teenage years. The highest breast cancer risk was found among women who had smoked for ≥50 years or more (hazard ratio 1.35 (1.03 to1.77) compared with all lifetime non-smokers, hazard ratio 1.45 (1.06 to 1.98) compared with lifetime non-smokers with no exposure to passive smoking). An increased risk of breast cancer persisted for up to 20 years after smoking cessation. Among women who had never smoked, after adjustment for potential confounders, those with the most extensive exposure to passive smoking (≥10 years' exposure in childhood, ≥20 years' exposure as an adult at home, and ≥10 years' exposure as an adult at work) had a 32% excess risk of breast cancer compared with those who had never been exposed to passive smoking (hazard ratio 1.32 (1.04 to 1.67)). However, there was no significant association in the other groups with lower exposure and no clear dose response to cumulative passive smoking exposure. <b>Conclusions</b> Active smoking was associated with an increase in breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. There was also a suggestion of an association between passive smoking and increased risk of breast cancer.
Reiter's Syndrome in Homosexual Men
Authors: L. A. HEALEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1986Reiter's Syndrome in Homosexual MenL. A. HEALEY, M.D.L. A. HEALEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-1-145_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The relative infrequency of Reiter's syndrome in homosexual men is puzzling since the distribution of the HLA-B27 antigen is the same in this group as in the population at large and the frequency of chlamydial and shigella infections is apparently increased. The study by Melbye and colleagues (1) suggests a possible explanation: infection by the human T-lymphotropic virus type III may so alter the immunologic profile that these men do not respond to those infections by developing this reactive form of arthritis....Reference1. MELBYE M, BIGGAR R, and EBBESEN P. Long-term seropositivity for human T-lymphotrophic virus type III in homosexual men without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: development of immunologic and clinical abnormalities. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:496-500. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: L. A. HEALEY, M.D.Affiliations: The Mason Clinic Seattle, WA 98111-0900 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPsoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionSeronegative spondarthritides 1 July 1986Volume 105, Issue 1 Page: 145-145 Keywords Antigens Chlamydia infection HIV Homosexuals Reactive arthritis Shigella ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Emissions of arsenic in Sweden and their reduction.
Authors: L Lindau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The role of arsenic in Sweden is generally described, including raw materials, exports/imports, products, consumption, etc. An attempt was also made to estimate the transport of arsenic in Sweden. The quantities of arsenic in raw materials, the emissions of arsenic from such processes as copper smelters and chemical industries, and the amounts of products containing arsenic were calculated. The studies show that a copper smelter is the main user of arsenical materials, the very largest emitting source and also the plant which manufacturers most arsenic products. A summary of measurements of arsenic in air, water and soil in Sweden has also been made. The concentrations near a smelter, in the Baltic, in cities and in "clean-air areas" are given. The efforts made to date to reduce the emissions of arsenic and the measures planned for the next few years are described. A reduction has already been achieved and a further rather large decrease will come, especially in arsenic levels in water. The possibilities of minimizing the use of materials and products containing arsenic is also discussed.
RODENT CONTROL AND TRICHINOSIS
Authors: Bertram P. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There appeared inThe Journal, June 28, page 2855, an editorial discussing progress in the control of trichinosis with particular reference to the value of rodent control in reducing the incidence of infection with Trichinella spiralis among garbage-fed swine. The difference between the observations of Hobmaier and Geiger and those of McNaught and Zapata formed the basis for the statement that "rodent control apparently is a statistically verifiable method of reducing trichinosis percentage in garbage-fed swine." The California Department of Public Health, cooperating with the United States Public Health Service, has examined 261 garbage-fed swine from the same area. These examinations were conducted under the supervision of Dr. K. B. Kerr as part of the statewide survey of the trichinosis problem. Of these, 13.8 per cent were found infected with Trichinella, an incidence comparable to that found by Hobmaier and Geiger previous to the institution of rodent
Proportion of crimes attributable to mental disorders in the Netherlands population
Authors: DAVID J. VINKERS, EDWIN DE BEURS, MARKI BARENDREGT, THOMAS RINNE, HANS W. HOEK
Journal: World Psychiatry (2012)

The proportion of crimes attributable to mental disorders in the population (population attributable risk, PAR) is estimated to be 5.2% for violent crimes and 15.7% for arson  [1] . However, only a minority of crimes committed by mentally ill defendants is directly attributable to the underlying mental disorder  [2] . The relationship between crime and mental disorders is confounded by socioeconomic status, previous institutionalization, coexisting substance abuse, and personality disorders  [3] . We had the unique opportunity to examine the PAR for crime fully attributable to mental illness, as accountability for indicted crimes is routinely assessed in pre-trial reported defendants in the Netherlands  [4] . A severe psychiatric disorder, usually of psychotic nature, is a necessary condition for a finding of “not accountable” and absolves a person of guilt. The total number of crimes and defendants between 2000 and 2006 was obtained from the national Dutch registry. The PAR of crimes fully attributable to mental disorders was calculated as the fraction of persons deemed “not accountable” out of the total number of defendants.
CX-4945, an Orally Bioavailable Selective Inhibitor of Protein Kinase CK2, Inhibits Prosurvival and Angiogenic Signaling and Exhibits Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Adam Siddiqui-Jain, Denis Drygin, Nicole Streiner, Peter Chua, Fabrice Pierre, Sean E. O'Brien, Josh Bliesath, Mayuko Omori, Nanni Huser, Caroline Ho, Chris Proffitt, Michael K. Schwaebe, David M. Ryckman, William G. Rice, Kenna Anderes
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Malignant transformation and maintenance of the malignant phenotype depends on oncogenic and non-oncogenic proteins that are essential to mediate oncogene signaling and to support the altered physiologic demands induced by transformation. Protein kinase CK2 supports key prosurvival signaling pathways and represents a prototypical non-oncogene. In this study, we describe CX-4945, a potent and selective orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of CK2. The antiproliferative activity of CX-4945 against cancer cells correlated with expression levels of the CK2α catalytic subunit. Attenuation of PI3K/Akt signaling by CX-4945 was evidenced by dephosphorylation of Akt on the CK2-specific S129 site and the canonical S473 and T308 regulatory sites. CX-4945 caused cell-cycle arrest and selectively induced apoptosis in cancer cells relative to normal cells. In models of angiogenesis, CX-4945 inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration, tube formation, and blocked CK2-dependent hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) transcription in cancer cells. When administered orally in murine xenograft models, CX-4945 was well tolerated and demonstrated robust antitumor activity with concomitant reductions of the mechanism-based biomarker phospho-p21 (T145). The observed antiproliferative and anti-angiogenic responses to CX-4945 in tumor cells and endothelial cells collectively illustrate that this compound exerts its antitumor effects through inhibition of CK2-dependent signaling in multiple pathways. Finally, CX-4945 is the first orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of CK2 to advance into human clinical trials, thereby paving the way for an entirely new class of targeted treatment for cancer. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10288–98. ©2010 AACR.
Effect of Routine Sterile Gloving on Contamination Rates in Blood Culture
Authors: Nak-Hyun Kim, Moonsuk Kim, Shinwon Lee, Na Ra Yun, Kye-Hyung Kim, Sang Won Park, Hong Bin Kim, Nam-Joong Kim, Eui-Chong Kim, Wan Beom Park, Myoung-don Oh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Blood culture contamination leads to inappropriate or unnecessary antibiotic use. However, practical guidelines are inconsistent about the routine use of sterile gloving in collection of blood for culture. Objective: To determine whether the routine use of sterile gloving before venipuncture reduces blood culture contamination rates. Design: Cluster randomized, assessor-blinded, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00973063). Setting: Single-center trial involving medical wards and the intensive care unit. Participants: 64 interns in charge of collection of blood for culture were randomly assigned to routine-to-optional or optional-to-routine sterile gloving groups for 1854 adult patients who needed blood cultures. Intervention: During routine sterile gloving, the interns wore sterile gloves every time before venipuncture, but during optional sterile gloving, sterile gloves were worn only if needed. Measurements: Isolates from single positive blood cultures were classified as likely contaminant, possible contaminant, or true pathogen. Contamination rates were compared by using generalized mixed models. Results: A total of 10 520 blood cultures were analyzed: 5265 from the routine sterile gloving period and 5255 from the optional sterile gloving period. When possible contaminants were included, the contamination rate was 0.6% in routine sterile gloving and 1.1% in optional sterile gloving (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.87]; P = 0.009). When only likely contaminants were included, the contamination rate was 0.5% in routine sterile gloving and 0.9% in optional sterile gloving (adjusted odds ratio, 0.51 [CI, 0.31 to 0.83]; P = 0.007). Limitation: Blood cultures from the emergency department, surgical wards, and pediatric wards were not assessed. Conclusion: Routine sterile gloving before venipuncture may reduce blood culture contamination. Primary Funding Source: None.