tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen to tritiated thymidine as a marker of proliferating hepatocytes in rats.
Authors: J Foley, T Ton, R Maronpot, B Butterworth, T L Goldsworthy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an endogenous nuclear protein, has recently been used to identify replicating cells. PCNA was compared to tritiated thymidine ([3H]-TdR), a reliable and accurate exogenous labeling agent, to ascertain if PCNA gives comparable results for quantitative cell proliferation. Male F344 rats were treated with a single dose of 500 mg/kg 4-acetylaminofluorene (4-AAF), a known liver mitogen. Rats (n = 5) were euthanized and necropsied at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 96, or 192 hr after treatment. Two hours before necropsy, rats were pulsed-dosed with [3H]-TdR (2 mCi/kg body weight). Livers were sectioned, autoradiography performed, and labeling indexes (LI), a measurement of the percentage of S-phase hepatocytes, determined. One and a half years after the completion of this study, the archival paraffin blocks of the liver tissue were sectioned and stained for PCNA by an immunohistochemical procedure. Immunocytochemical staining patterns of proliferating cell nuclear antigen antigen expression permitted the recognition of G1, S, G2, M, and quiescent cells. PCNA LI, generated by scoring only cells exhibiting S-phase staining patterns, was compared to the pulse [3H]-TdR LI for each animal. Similar periportal staining patterns of S-phase nuclei were detected by both markers. The [3H]-TdR LI and the PCNA LI exhibited a peak at 24 hr of approximately the same magnitude. However, while the [3H]-TdR LI had returned to near baseline at the 48-hr time point, the PCNA LI remained elevated until the 96-hr time point. This sustained elevation of the PCNA index cannot be explained at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Combining wet and dry research: experience with model development for cardiac mechano-electric structure-function studies
Authors: T. Alexander Quinn, Peter Kohl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Since the development of the first mathematical cardiac cell model 50 years ago, computational modelling has become an increasingly powerful tool for the analysis of data and for the integration of information related to complex cardiac behaviour. Current models build on decades of iteration between experiment and theory, representing a collective understanding of cardiac function. All models, whether computational, experimental, or conceptual, are simplified representations of reality and, like tools in a toolbox, suitable for specific applications. Their range of applicability can be explored (and expanded) by iterative combination of 'wet' and 'dry' investigation, where experimental or clinical data are used to first build and then validate computational models (allowing integration of previous findings, quantitative assessment of conceptual models, and projection across relevant spatial and temporal scales), while computational simulations are utilized for plausibility assessment, hypotheses-generation, and prediction (thereby defining further experimental research targets). When implemented effectively, this combined wet/dry research approach can support the development of a more complete and cohesive understanding of integrated biological function. This review illustrates the utility of such an approach, based on recent examples of multi-scale studies of cardiac structure and mechano-electric function.
Ethical aspects of new medicines targeted at treatment of RA
Authors: C GARCIA-PORRUA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

We read with interest the article reported by Kreutz et al “European regulatory aspects on new medicines targeted at treatment of rheumatoid arthritis”.1 The use of placebo studies for the development of new medicines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains controversial.2 Placebo studies are useful when testing …
LOWER CD4 NADIR AND HIGH HIV VIRAL LOAD ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED LEVELS OF ADMA IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Rushi Parikh, Rebecca Scherzer, Carl Grunfeld, Elaine Nitta, Anna Leone, Jeffrey Martin, Steven Deeks, Peter Ganz, Priscilla Hsue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 1608: Posterior Shift of the Anterior Papillary Muscle is a Determinant of Improvement after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Tetsuya Hara, Kohei Yamashiro, Katsunori Okajima, Teishi Kajiya
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can improve heart failure symptoms and decrease mitral regurgitation (MR). Improved coordinated timing of mechanical activation of papillary muscle was reported to be a contributor to reduction of MR after CRT. Purpose : We tested the hypothesis that the anatomical location of anterior papillary muscle (A-PM) affects improvement of MR and other parameters after CRT. Methods : Twenty-three patients (age 69.8 ± 8.2 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 29.4 ± 6.9%, 16 male, 20 non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, 3 previous myocardial infarcion) underwent both CRT and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) were studied. We measured the angle between the anterior edge of the left ventricular free wall and A-PM (Ang. PM) in cross sectional images of left ventricle obtained by MDCT. Patients were divided into 2 groups; 13 patients with severe A-PM displacement (Ang.PM &gt;100 degree) and 10 patients with Ang.PM &lt;100 degree. In both groups, parameters obtained by echocardiography, NYHA functional class, and brain natriuretic peptide before and 6 months after CRT were analyzed. Results : Mean Ang.PM was 106 ± 12.2 degree. LVEF and NYHA functional class were significantly improved after 6 months of CRT in both groups (p &lt; 0.05, respectively). However, significant decreases of the proportion of grade 2– 4 MR, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, and brain natriuretic peptide level after 6 months of CRT were observed only in patients with severe A-PM dislocation (p = 0.02, p = 0.04, p = 0.03 respectively). Conclusion : Posterior shift of A-PM may have a potential to predict improvement after CRT.
Telemonitoring based service redesign for the management of uncontrolled hypertension: multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: B. McKinstry, J. Hanley, S. Wild, C. Pagliari, M. Paterson, S. Lewis, A. Sheikh, A. Krishan, A. Stoddart, P. Padfield
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To determine if an intervention consisting of telemonitoring and supervision by usual primary care clinicians of home self measured blood pressure and optional patient decision support leads to clinically important reductions in daytime systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure. <b>Design</b> Multicentre randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 20 primary care practices in south east Scotland. <b>Participants</b> 401 people aged 29-95 years with uncontrolled blood pressure (mean daytime ambulatory measurement ≥135/85 mm Hg but ≤210/135 mm Hg). <b>Intervention</b> Self measurement and transmission of blood pressure readings to a secure website for review by the attending nurse or doctor and participant, with optional automated patient decision support by text or email for six months. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Blinded assessment of mean daytime systolic ambulatory blood pressure six months after randomisation. <b>Results</b> 200 participants were randomised to the intervention and 201 to usual care; primary outcome data were available for 90% of participants (182 and 177, respectively). The mean difference in daytime systolic ambulatory blood pressure adjusted for baseline and minimisation factors between intervention and usual care was 4.3 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 6.5; P=0.0002) and for daytime diastolic ambulatory blood pressure was 2.3 mm Hg (0.9 to 3.6; P=0.001), with higher values in the usual care group. The intervention was associated with a mean increase of one general practitioner (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 1.6; P=0.0002) and 0.6 (0.1 to 1.0; P=0.01) practice nurse consultations during the course of the study. <b>Conclusions</b> Supported self monitoring by telemonitoring is an effective method for achieving clinically important reductions in blood pressure in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in primary care settings. However, it was associated with increase in use of National Health Service resources. Further research is required to determine if the reduction in blood pressure is maintained in the longer term and if the intervention is cost effective. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN72614272.
Both the flashlamp-pumped dye laser and the long-pulsed tunable dye laser can improve results in port-wine stain therapy
Authors: K. Scherer, S. Lorenz, M. Wimmershoff, M. Landthaler, U. Hohenleutner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Both the flashlamp‐pumped dye laser and the long‐pulsed tunable dye laser can improve results in port‐wine stain therapy Get access K. Scherer, K. Scherer Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Lorenz, S. Lorenz Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Wimmershoff, M. Wimmershoff Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Landthaler, M. Landthaler Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Hohenleutner U. Hohenleutner Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany Prof. Dr med. Ulrich Hohenleutner.E‐mail: Ulrich.Hohenleutner@klinik.uni‐regensburg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 1, 1 July 2001, Pages 79–84, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04285.x Published: 01 July 2001
TRANSFUSION AND SPLENECTOMY IN PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA
Authors: Ralph C. Larrabee
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —In a recent article on splenectomy in chronic hemorrhagic (thrombocytopenic) purpura, Brill and Rosenthal state  experience has led them to believe that transfusion is not only useless as a curative measure, but seems to increase the  ( Am. J. M. Sc.  166 :503, 1923). Unfortunately, they do not report their two cases in detail. Our experience in the blood service at the Boston City Hospital has been more with the acute than the chronic type, but it has led to quite the contrary opinion.  In these acute cases we have found the value of transfusion very great. In order, however,  its benefits may be realized, certain facts in regard to platelets and the limitations of the influence of transfusion on them must be heeded. It is true  a single transfusion will stop the bleeding only in a very mild case, and  the benefit
A 15-Myr-Old Genetic Bottleneck
Authors: T. Paape, B. Igic, S. D. Smith, R. Olmstead, L. Bohs, J. R. Kohn
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Balancing selection preserves variation at the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) of flowering plants for tens of millions of years, making it possible to detect demographic events that occurred prior to the origin of extant species. In contrast to other Solanaceae examined, SI species in the sister genera Physalis and Witheringia share restricted variation at the S-locus. This restriction is indicative of an ancient bottleneck that occurred in a common ancestor. We sequenced 14 S-alleles from the subtribe Iochrominae, a group that is sister to the clade containing Physalis and Witheringia. At least 6 ancient S-allele lineages are represented among these alleles, demonstrating that the Iochrominae taxa do not share the restriction in S-locus diversity. Therefore, the bottleneck occurred after the divergence of the Iochrominae from the lineage leading to the most recent common ancestor of Physalis and Witheringia. Using cpDNA sequences, 3 fossil dates, and a Bayesian-relaxed molecular clock approach, the crown group of Solanaceae was estimated to be 51 Myr old and the restriction of variation at the S-locus occurred 14.0-18.4 Myr before present. These results confirm the great age of polymorphism at the S-locus and the utility of loci under balancing selection for deep historical inference.
Cost-Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasonography with Fine-Needle Aspiration vs. Mediastinotomy in Patients with Lung Cancer and Suspected Mediastinal Adenopathy
Authors: L. Aabakken, G. A. Silvestri, R. Hawes, C. E. Reed, V. Marsi, B. Hoffman
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: The use of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guidance for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of mediastinal lymph nodes has become an important aid in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. In many cases, it may be an alternative to mediastinoscopy/mediastinotomy (MED), but the cost-effectiveness of the two techniques has not been compared. The aim of this study was to apply a decision-analysis model to compare the cost-effectiveness of EUS and MED in the preoperative staging of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
Management of Microinvasive Carcinoma
Authors: Horatio T. Enterline
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Invasion implies a breakthrough of the basement membrane of the cervical mucosa by proliferating epithelial cells. Although replacement of endocervical glands by tumor cells represents a somewhat later stage of disease, it is still intraepithelial carcinoma (stage 0). Even after careful study, it may be impossible to be certain of the presence of the earliest stages of invasion. Such borderline cases are termed intraepithelial (or in situ) carcinoma with questionable invasion. The earliest recognizable indication of invasion is the presence of microscopic "tongues" or clusters of cells, breaking the otherwise smooth junction of epithelial cells and stroma. These single or multiple points of invasion may occur either from the surface or from the tumor within glands. Although microscopic in size, these areas of invasion automatically place a case in the stage I category. These have variously been termed intraepithelial (or in situ) carcinoma with foci of microinvasion, carcinoma with early
Use of 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]-Fluoro-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography to Monitor Therapeutic Response by Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children: Report of a Retrospective Case Study
Authors: Fangyu Peng, Galina Rabkin, Otto Muzik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The purpose of this study was to study the use of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) for monitoring therapeutic response by rhabdomyosarcoma (RMSA) in children.A retrospective case study was performed by searching a computer database for the patients with RMSA in whom F-18 FDG PET studies were performed pre- and posttreatment. The data of the PET studies from these patients were analyzed in conjunction with clinical treatment and other imaging studies to determine whether interval changes of F-18 FDG uptake by the RMSA reflect response of RMSA to treatment.Four patients with RMSA who received both pretreatment and posttreatment F-18 FDG PET studies were identified from the database and included in this study. A dramatic decrease of F-18 FDG uptake by the tumor was evident in the patients who had a favorable response to the therapy and prolonged remission of the disease. In contrast, persistent abnormal FDG uptake in one patient was associated with early relapse of the RMSA.F-18 FDG PET may be useful for monitoring therapeutic response by RMSA in children, which needs to be verified with a prospective study in a larger patient population.
Pulmonary alveolar macrophages in molecular epidemiology and chemoprevention of cancer.
Authors: S De Flora, A Izzotti, F D'Agostini, G A Rossi, R M Balansky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

In addition to possessing an extraordinary sweeping activity, pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) are equipped with the biochemical mechanisms involved in the metabolism of carcinogens, which were found to be inducible in humans by cigarette smoke. Moreover, several defense processes were stimulated in rat PAM after in vivo administration of the anticarcinogen N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts, as revealed by synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry, were selectively detected in PAM of smokers and persisted up to 6 months. The amount of adducts was significantly correlated with the number of currently smoked cigarettes but not with the cigarettes smoked in a lifetime (pack-years). Nevertheless, deviations from the regression line pointed out the role of interindividual variability factors in adduct formation. Probably due to the low mitotic rate of PAM in the respiratory lumen, the frequency of micronuclei was not enhanced in smokers. However, parallel assays in rats showed that micronuclei can be enhanced after massive intratracheal administration of benzo[a]pyrene or whole-body exposure to high amounts of mainstream cigarette smoke, which also induced BPDE-DNA adducts in lung cells and other organs, including the heart. All these adverse effects were markedly inhibited by the oral administration of NAC, which provides the premise and rationale for a future study on the protective effects of oral NAC in heavy smokers.
Prevalence and prognostic significance of silent and symptomatic ischemia after coronary bypass surgery: A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) randomized population
Authors: Donald A. Weiner, Thomas J. Ryan, Lori Parsons, Lloyd D. Fisher, Bernard R. Chaitman, L.Thomas Sheffield, Felix E. Tristani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Rural HIV prevention programmes among India's sex workers can increase condom use, study finds
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Community based HIV prevention programmes among female sex workers in rural India can substantially increase the use of condoms, HIV counselling, and testing services, a new study has found.

The study was published in the July 2014 issue of the Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health and was led by Reynold Washington, an adjunct professor at the St John’s Research Institute in Karnataka. It noted that, in India, the HIV epidemic is concentrated in high risk groups, such as intravenous drug users, men who have sex with men, female sex workers, and people who attend sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics.

“Almost 70% of India’s population resides in rural areas, and 57% of people …
Airflow in unilateral vocal cord paralysis before and after Teflon injection.
Authors: Y Cormier, H Kashima, W Summer, H Menkes
Journal: Thorax (1978)

The effect of unilateral vocal cord paralysis and intracordal Teflon injection on maximum expiratory and inspiratory flows was studied in 15 consecutive patients. Ten patients had a ratio of forced expiratory flow to forced inspiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (Ve50/Vi50) more than one. Of the remaining five, four had low Ve50 consistent with underlying bronchial disease. Repeat studies were obtained in 10 patients two or more weeks after Teflon injection into a vocal cord for voice therapy. Maximum expiratory flow rates did not change (means 6.64 +/- 0.881/sec before and 6.47 +/- 1.101/s after injection). Inspiratory flow at 50% vital capacity improved in all six patients with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) greater than 75% of the forced vital capacity (FVC). In patients with an FEV1 less than 75% FVC, no consistent changes could be seen. We conclude that a high Ve50/Vi50 suggestive of variable extrathoracic airways obstruction is a frequent finding in the presence of unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Teflon injection does not cause a significant reduction in forced expiratory flows and improves inspiratory flows in subjects without evidence of underlying bronchial disease.
Research into medical accidents: a case of negligence?
Authors: C. A. Vincent
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Public awareness of medical accidents is growing, as the rapidly rising rate of litigation and the correspond- ing increase in defence society subscriptions testify.In many activities-for example, aviation, road and rail travel, industry-errors and accidents are the object of systematic study.24Aircraft accidents are extensively investigated and extraordinary measures taken to minimise the risks of air travel.The risk of death under anaesthesia is comparable to the risk of accident on a commercial flight.5Yet in anaesthesia, and medicine generally, accidents are seldom discussed publicly and few studies are conducted.Many doctors do, of course, review their work in morbidity and mortality meet- ings.This does not usually extend to systematic study, however, and the results are not usually communicated to the wider medical community.I suggest here that research into medical accidents has been greatly neglected but that accidents can and should be studied. Accidents, errors, and negligenceA consistent finding in all accident research is that the main cause of accidents is human error,6 often compounded by organisational factors.78Even catastrophes such as the accidents at nuclear power plants at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island were the result not of unusual circumstances but of quite ordinary slips and lapses.9Assuming some parallels with other areas, two points can be made about the study of medical accidents.Firstly, the main focus of investigation should be on the actions of those concerned, rather than on patient characteristics or tech- nical faults.Secondly, the study of medical accidents should include errors and near misses (cases where an accident was narrowly averted).Error does not necessarily imply negligence.Some accidents involve negligence, but most do not.Researchers should in any case not assess negligence, for three reasons.Firstly, few medical errors are likely to involve negligence; secondly, cooperation can be expected only if researchers treat information obtained as confidential;thirdly, the assessment of negligence is (ultimately) a matter for the courts.Blame, if any, should be assessed separately from cause and by people other than researchers. Studies of medical accidentsThis section provides a brief overview of research relevant to medical accidents.The examples cited are scattered studies and do not indicate a coherent body of research.The most striking finding is the paucity of the literature.
Toxic Effect of Antitoxin.
Authors: C. C. Gratiot
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Shullsburg, Wis., April 11, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The account of the death of a child from a prophylactic dose of antitoxin, in theJournalof April 4, makes me desire to put on record a case similar in its action although death did not occur. The facts are as follows: February 4, I was called to see Henry Snyder. Found him and his five-year old daughter affected with a severe type of diphtheria. I injected the father with a 1500 units and the daughter with a 1000 units strength, Behring's antitoxin, with good results. Mrs. Snyder, who was nursing her husband and child, complained some of her throat and wanted me to examine it. I found the arches of the fauces a little red, nothing more, pulse and temperature both normal, appetite good. She was apparently in good health, except being fatigued from broken rest. As she was the