tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Routine Chest Roentgenography in Pregnancy
Authors: Charles R. Bonebrake
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In an effort to determine if routine prenatal chest roentgenograms were of practical value, the records of 12,109 consecutive deliveries at the Mayo Clinic were reviewed retrospectively. The roentgenograms were obtained during the first or second prenatal visit and additionally when warranted by notable symptoms or physical findings in subsequent prenatal visits. Forty-eight patients had appreciable roentgenographic abnormalities. The findings of the general medical examination (which was routinely done at the first prenatal visit) were reviewed to determine if the chest abnormalities would have been suspected from the results of physical examination alone. In every case, a positive history or abnormal physical finding would have suggested the presence of the major abnormality or of the need for roentgenography to be performed.
Dark Urine After Hair Coloring
Authors: William S. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, a 45-year-old woman complained of a dark brown discoloration of the urine following each of the seven times that she had had an application of black hair coloring at her local beauty salon. The discoloration was present in the first two voidings after the hair treatment, with a time span of approximately five hours. Subsequent urine specimens were grossly clear. There was no apparent systemic distress. One of the first reports of discolored urine after use of pigments was published in 1886<sup>1</sup>; since then similar reports have appeared.<sup>2</sup>The discoloration was believed to be a result of the absorption of aniline, which is used as an intermediate in manufacture of the dyestuff. The aniline component caused a secondary methemoglobinemia and methemoglobinuria, often with clinical cyanosis. No cyanosis was evident in our patient. Both urine and blood were examined for methemoglobulins by spectrographic methods, since
Observational intensity bias associated with illness adjustment: cross sectional analysis of insurance claims
Authors: J. E. Wennberg, D. O. Staiger, S. M. Sharp, D. J. Gottlieb, G. Bevan, K. McPherson, H. G. Welch
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To determine the bias associated with frequency of visits by physicians in adjusting for illness, using diagnoses recorded in administrative databases.
Course of brittle diabetes: 12 year follow up.
Authors: R Tattersall, R Gregory, C Selby, D Kerr, S Heller
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the course of brittle diabetes. DESIGN--12 year follow up of patients identified in 1977-9 as having brittle diabetes; retrospective review of the case notes. SETTING--Nottingham health district. SUBJECTS--25 brittle diabetic patients were identified in 1979-9; 11 (five men) had three or more admissions with ketoacidosis between June 1977 and 1979 and 14 (eight men) had three or more attendances at the accident and emergency department with hypoglycaemia in 1978. Two controls from our diabetic register were matched to each patient for age, sex, and duration of diabetes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Frequency of ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia in the 12 years after ascertainment; diabetic control and complications in 1988-90; retrospective attribution of the cause of brittleness. RESULTS--Patients with recurrent ketoacidosis had had a median (range) of 28 (8-67) episodes. One man died of a cerebral tumour but five of the surviving nine patients had not been admitted in the past two years, although diabetic control remained poor (median haemoglobin A1 concentration 14%). Seven patients had pure hypoglycaemic brittleness, and five had also had eight or more admissions with ketoacidosis (mixed brittleness). Two died of uraemia within a year after ascertainment and two others in hypoglycaemic coma seven and 12 years later. Brittle diabetes was in most cases related to a specific situation, usually unhappiness at home or school. CONCLUSIONS--Brittle diabetes is often episodic and almost always related to stressful life circumstances. Once the underlying cause is removed it tends to improve. Recurrent hypoglycaemic brittleness of psychological origin has a poor prognosis.
Laser treatment of palate results in severe postoperative pain
Authors: M Wareing, D Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Anthony Hinton and Victoria Moore-Gillon write that the recently developed operation of palatal stiffening by laser is less painful than conventional uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.1 The evidence for this is uncertain as no controlled studies have been carried out, but laser operations on the …
732 PROPORTION OF DEFECTIVE HBV DNA ISSUED FROM A SINGLY SPLICED RNA AND ENCODING FOR HBSP IS RELATED TO THE COURSE OF VIRAL INFECTION
Authors: F. Redelsperger, B. Lekbaby, N. Désiré, A.M. Roque-Afonso, S. Brichler, G. Perlemuter, P. Dubreuil, N. Bacon, F. Zatla, C. Le Pendeven, D. Kremsdorf, P. Soussan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Former BMA chairman faces charges of misconduct and deficient performance
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The former chairman of the BMA, James Johnson, faces charges of professional misconduct and deficient professional performance in his work as a surgeon, in a two month hearing at the General Medical Council that opened on 20 September.

In seven cases between June 2006 and January 2008 Mr Johnson, a vascular surgeon at Halton General Hospital in Runcorn, Cheshire, is accused of failing to make patients aware of the potential risks and benefits of surgery. Some operations are also alleged not to have been surgically …
THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF BASELINE QRS DURATION ON IMPROVEMENT IN LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Zuyue Wang, Steven Goldstein, Joseph Lindsay, Augusto Pichard, Lowell Satler, Liang Fu, Zuyi Wang, Petros Okubagzi, Soha Ahmad, Allen Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Effect of Renal Sympathetic Denervation on Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Resistant Hypertension: A Pilot Study”
Authors: Felix Mahfoud, Markus Schlaich, Ingrid Kindermann, Christian Ukena, Bodo Cremers, Mathias C. Brandt, Uta C. Hoppe, Oliver Vonend, Lars C. Rump, Paul A. Sobotka, Henry Krum, Murray Esler, Michael Böhm
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Serum hepatitis in a haemophiliac.
Authors: J Fitzpatrick, C C Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The measures to be taken following accidental contamination of the fingers or other parts of the body are difficult to define.There are good reasons for believing that while human immunoglobulin can -attenuate infectious hepatitis it has almost consistently failed to influence the course of post- transfusion hepatitis.'Therefore the dictum that prevention is better than cure is perhaps the best advice that can be offered at this stage, and the degree of caution to be exer- cised in laboratories and post-mortem rooms cannot be exaggerated.-Iam, etc.,
The Seveso studies on early and long-term effects of dioxin exposure: a review.
Authors: P A Bertazzi, I Bernucci, G Brambilla, D Consonni, A C Pesatori
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The industrial accident that occurred in the town of Seveso, Italy, in 1976 exposed a large population to substantial amounts of relatively pure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Extensive monitoring of soil levels and measurements of a limited number of human blood samples allowed classification of the exposed population into three categories, A (highest exposure), B (median exposure), and R (lowest exposure). Early health investigations including liver function, immune function, neurologic impairment, and reproductive effects yielded inconclusive results. Chloracne (nearly 200 cases with a definite exposure dependence) was the only effect established with certainty. Long-term studies were conducted using the large population living in the surrounding noncontaminated territory as reference. An excess mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases was uncovered, possibly related to the psychosocial consequences of the accident in addition to the chemical contamination. An excess of diabetes cases was also found. Results of cancer incidence and mortality follow-up showed an increased occurrence of cancer of the gastrointestinal sites and of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue. Experimental and epidemiologic data as well as mechanistic knowledge support the hypothesis that the observed cancer excesses are associated with dioxin exposure. Results cannot be viewed as conclusive. The study is continuing in an attempt to overcome the existing limitations (few individual exposure data, short latency period, and small population size for certain cancer types) and to explore new research paths (e.g., differences in individual susceptibility).
What Does It Take to Bind CAR?
Authors: Lane K. Law, Beverly L. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) have been used as reagents for biological studies and therapeutic protocols for the treatment of human patients. The two most commonly used Ads, Ad2 and Ad5, infect a broad range of tissues through interaction with the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor CAR. Both mutational analyses and crystal structure data have established residues in the fiber knob and shaft critical for Ad-CAR binding. In this report we review the contributions of various residues to Ad-CAR binding, taking into consideration the documented cellular tropism of other Ad serotypes.
Role of systolic blood pressure and plasma triglycerides in diabetic peripheral arterial disease. The Edinburgh Artery Study.
Authors: A S MacGregor, J F Price, C M Hau, A J Lee, M N Carson, F G Fowkes
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a diabetic population and to examine whether different levels of these risk factors might explain why diabetic subjects have an increased risk of PAD compared with normal glucose tolerance subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 1,592 men and women aged 55-74 years selected at random from the age-sex registers of 11 general practices in Edinburgh, Scotland. Subjects underwent a comprehensive medical examination, including assessment for PAD (intermittent claudication on World Health Organization questionnaire or major asymptomatic disease on noninvasive testing) and a glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 288 (18.7%) were found to have diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The prevalence of PAD was greater in those with diabetes/IGT (20.6%) compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (12.5%) (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.17-2.31). Among the diabetes/IGT group, mean levels of smoking, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides were higher in subjects with PAD than in those without PAD (P &amp;lt; or = 0.05). Mean levels of systolic blood pressure and plasma triglycerides were also higher in diabetic subjects than in nondiabetic subjects with PAD (P &amp;lt; or = 0.05). In multivariate analysis, those with diabetes/IGT no longer had a significantly higher risk of PAD after adjusting separately for systolic blood pressure (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.85-1.73) and plasma triglycerides (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.89-1.79). Simultaneous adjustment for both systolic blood pressure and triglycerides reduced the risk of PAD among diabetic subjects to 1.11 (95% CI 0.78-1.58). CONCLUSIONS: Increased mean levels of triglycerides and systolic blood pressure may help to explain the higher prevalence of PAD in diabetic subjects compared with that in normal glucose tolerance subjects.
Current issues in the design and interpretation of clinical trials.
Authors: S J Pocock
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Though there have been considerable improvements in the use of statistical methods for clinical trials in recent years, there remain major practical difficulties in the design and interpretation of many trials. This paper concentrates on problems relating to randomisation, the overemphasis on significance testing, and the inadequate size of many trials. Each topic is illustrated by examples from recent trials.
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, or virus reactivation with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with <scp>HIV</scp> ?
Authors: A. Almudimeegh, C. Rioux, H. Ferrand, B. Crickx, Y. Yazdanpanah, V. Descamps
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

We report a case of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in a patient with HIV receiving antitoxoplasmic drugs (adiazine and pyrimethamine) and levetiracetam along with highly active antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir–emtricitabine, darunavir and ritonavir). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was reactivated in the 7 weeks before the development of DRESS but was successfully treated with ganciclovir and corticosteroids. DRESS flare was concomitant with another CMV reactivation after the withdrawal of ganciclovir. This case report is an example of DRESS that may be considered real DRESS or virus reactivation with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (VRESS) as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The case confirms that herpesvirus reactivation precedes DRESS or VRESS, and suggests the need to monitor herpesvirus infection in patients at risk for the infection or after the initiation of culprit drugs.
THE SURGICAL RELATIONS OF TRAUMATISM OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVES.
Authors: HAROLD N. MOYER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

which normal appendices are found are thus imperfectly based. CONCLUSIONS.It is such experiences as these which have brought me to the conclusion that every case of appendicitis whose diagnosis is thoroughly established should be operated on, always, if possible, in the interval be- tween attacks.Of the diagnosis, however, we should be reasonably certain.In view of the occasional diffi- culties of diagnosis., it may happen now and then that a normal appendix is removed.But I have come to the conclusion, too, that it is better to have a few normal appendices removed than that one which ought to have come out should remain and cause the death of its owner.The appendix is not an organ of which we need be especially proud.It is useless and exceedingly vul- nerable and without powers of resistance when attacked.1506 Spruce Street.DISCUSSION.Dr. Charles G. Stockton, Buffalo-I can not refrain from saying a word on the subject.I wish to compliment Dr. Ty- son on his courage in attempting to classify appendicitis and, perhaps, his classification is as good as can be made.It seems to me that the classifications usually given are altogether in- adéquat«.I agree with Dr. Tyson in his statement that appen- dicitis should be operated on; I would like to go still further and say that it should be operated on immediately.I disprove of the delay of from twenty-four to forty-eight hours which some surgeons allow.For this delay physicians are often responsible.The danger lies in postponing the operation twenty-four hours.Either operate immediately or else do not operate till late in the interval, is a good rule.
The Capillary Network of Normal and Emphysematous Human Lungs Studied by Injections of Indian Ink
Authors: J. A. Reid, B. E. Heard
Journal: Thorax (1963)

In the past few years there has been renewed interest in the pathology of pulmonary emphysema, and the need has arisen to demonstrate the patterns of pulmonary capillaries more clearly.The present paper describes an injection method developed for such purposes using a mixture of black waterproof ink and gelatin.Some prelimi- nary findings in normal and emphysematous lungs are described. METHODThe lung was removed from the chest with care to avoid perforating the pleura.Where there were dense adhesions, extrapleural dissection was carried out.Fresh material was used wherever possible.Blood clots were massaged from the large pulmonary vessels, and a selected cannula of suitable size, made by mounting a grooved rubber bung broad and distally on glass tubing, was tied into the pulmonary artery.Two litres of normal saline was run through the arteries slowly to wash out some of the blood.Mucus was sucked from the bronchi with a narrow glass cannula attached to a filter pump, and the lungs were distended once with air via the bronchi and floated on warm water.Early trials with dilute mixtures of Raybar cream (50% barium sulphate) and gelatin failed to fill the capillary bed.Since radio-opacity was not desired, barium sulphate was replaced by ink as follows:Pelican black waterproof drawing ink 400 ml.Distilled water 100 ml.Gelatin 45 g.Thymol 0 5 g.
Bufexamac crystals in synovial fluid analysis.
Authors: C H Moens, D Moens, P H Moens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

picture in a case of childhood dermatomyositis.A fiveyear-old girl was first hospitalised in 1971 with muscular pain and weakness accompanied by mild malar erythema and an erythematous/violaceous maculopapular eruption over the extensor surfaces of the interphalangeal joints, elbows, and knees; the electromyogram (EMG) was consistent with myositis.Without treatment the patient presented spontaneous remission during the following our patient, as in the adult reported by Foley and Payne,' the clinical course of the disease was polyphasic with recurrences separated by long periods of spontaneous remissions.
Fish health and environmental health.
Authors: R A Murchelano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Surveys conducted to evaluate the health of marine-bottom fishes have been conducted in the eastern and western North Atlantic for the past 15 years, usually in conjunction with fish stock assessment cruises. The health of the fish sampled was evaluated using certain integumental and skeletal lesions and anomalies as markers to signify compromised health status. The results of these surveys indicate that fish health is poorer in coastal waters that have been anthropogenically degraded. Monitoring programs to determine the status and trends in levels of inorganic and organic contaminants in fish tissue and sediments have disclosed high levels of chemical contaminants in several coastal areas of the northeastern United States. Histopathological examinations of liver tissues of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, from Boston Harbor, one of the more chemically contaminated sites, has revealed a high prevalence of hepatocarcinoma.
Polypoid Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma of the Esophagus Occurring After Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation
Authors: K. Kume, I. Murata, I. Yoshikawa, K. Kanagawa, M. Otsuki
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

This report describes a rare case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting as a polypoid mass in the lower esophagus after endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL). A 56-year-old man underwent EVL for variceal bleeding in September 1993. He presented with dysphagia and tarry stool in December 1993. An endoscopic examination revealed a semipedunculated polypoid mass at the lower part of the esophagus, where EVL had been performed 3 months previously. The histologic examination at autopsy revealed that the polypoid mass consisted of metastatic HCC that had spread via the retrograde portal flow.
A COMPARISON OF THE PEPTIDES RELEASED FROM RELATED RABBIT ANTIBODIES BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
Authors: David Gitlin, Ezio Merler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Rabbit antibodies against pneumococcus capsular polysaccharides of Types II, III, VI, VII, and XII were isolated from type-specific antisera by precipitation with homologous antigen and hydrolyzed with either subtilisin, chymotrypsin or trypsin. Purified antibodies were also hydrolyzed with papain; the two polypeptides with active antibody sites and the crystallizable polypeptide were separated, studied in the ultracentrifuge and hydrolyzed with either subtilisin or chymotrypsin. The resulting peptides were separated on filter paper by electrophoresis and chromatography. 1. The two polypeptides with antigen-combining activity, fractions I and II, each constituted about 25 per cent of the original antibody molecule; the crystallizable polypeptide did not combine with antigen, fraction III, and represented about 35 per cent of the original antibody molecule. About 10 to 15 per cent of the original antibody molecule was hydrolyzed by papain into about 35 peptides. 2. The peptide patterns obtained for hydrolyzates of fraction I were almost identical with those obtained for fraction II obtained from the same antibody and were quite different for those obtained for fraction III. 3. Many of the peptide spots in the patterns obtained with whole antibody hydrolysates contained at least two peptides derived from different parts of the antibody molecule. 4. Differences were observed in the peptide patterns for different antibodies that suggested the existence of differences in both primary and tertiary structures among these antibodies.
Humidification of Inspired Air
Authors: Yong H. Han
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A comparative evaluation of various types of humidifiers and heat and moisture exchangers was made on normal volunteer subjects and tracheostomized patients. The respiratory water loss during oral breathing in normal adults was 27.7 mg/liter of expired air which represents 75% saturation with water vapor at 32 C. It was directly proportional to the minute volumes. The net water loss from the respiratory tract decreased as the absolute humidity of the inspired air increased. Atropinized and anesthetized subjects expired 28.6 mg and 23.4 mg/liter of air. Rebreathing through an external dead space of 100 ml reduced normal respiratory water loss by 3 mg. A heat and moisture exchanger reduced the normal respiratory water loss by one half. Under the usual conditions employed, with oxygen tents or nebulizers, subjects were in negative water balance.
Cigarette advertising and children's smoking: why Reg was withdrawn
Authors: G B Hastings, H Ryan, P Teer, A M MacKintosh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To examine the appeal of the Embassy Regal "Reg" campaign to young people.Three quantitative surveys and one piece of qualitative research: (a) self completion questionnaire administered in classrooms, (b) questionnaire led interviews with children, (c) questionnaire led interviews with adults, and (d) group discussions with children and adults.(a) Secondary and middle schools in England; (b) north of England, Scotland, and Wales; (c) north of England, Scotland, and Wales; and (d) Glasgow.(a) 5451 schoolchildren aged 11-15 recruited by stratified random sampling; (b) 437 children aged 5-10 recruited by quota sampling; (c) 814 adults aged 15-65 recruited by quota sampling; and (d) 12 groups of children aged 10-15, three groups of adults aged 18-24, and three groups of adults aged 35-55.Children were familiar with cigarette advertising and in particular the Reg campaign. Although younger children struggled to understand the creative content of the adverts, older and smoking children could understand and appreciate the humour. They considered Reg to be amusing and could relate to the type of joke used in the advert. In addition Reg's flippant attitude towards serious issues appealed to the children. While adults aged 18-24 understood the campaign they did not identify with it, and 35-55 year olds (the campaign's supposed target) were unappreciative of the campaign.The Reg campaign was getting through to children more effectively than it was to adults and held most appeal for teenagers, particularly 14-15 year old smokers. It clearly contravened the code governing tobacco advertising, which states that advertising must not appeal to children more than it does to adults, and it may have had a direct impact on teenage smoking. In view of these findings the Advertising Standards Authority's decision to withdraw the Reg campaign seems appropriate.