tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in coagulation parameters with exercise in patients with classic hemophilia
Authors: Barbara Koch, Naomi L. C. Luban, Frank M. Galioto, Margaret E. Rick, David Goldstein, John F. Kelleher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Vigorous exercise is known to increase VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag levels transiently in normal individuals. Although exercise programs are frequently advocated in the management of hemophilia, the effects of exercise on coagulation parameters in these patients have not been well studied. Eleven hemophiliacs were exercised on a bicycle ergometer to maximum voluntary effort as evidenced by an increase in pulse, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine (norephinephrine and epinephrine) levels. The effects of this exercise on coagulation parameters, including functional and antigenic components of the factor VIII molecule, were determined. The entire group demonstrated a decrease in mean prothrombin time (11.7 to 11.2 sec). Four mild hemophiliacs demonstrated an increase in mean VIII:C (14.5% to 17.3%), and VIII:CAg (12% to 17.8%). Changes in VIII:C and VIII:CAg were not noted in the seven severe hemophiliacs. Both severe and mild patients demonstrated significant changes in fibrinogen, factor II, and factor VII after exercise. This study indicates that submaximal exercise modifies coagulation parameters in patients with hemophilia.
The predictive accuracy of anti-Müllerian hormone for live birth after assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Stamatina Iliodromiti, Thomas W. Kelsey, Olivia Wu, Richard A. Anderson, Scott M. Nelson
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2014)

BACKGROUNDAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an established marker of ovarian reserve and a good predictor of poor or excessive ovarian response after controlled hyperstimulation. However, it is unclear whether it can predict the ultimate outcome of assisted conception, live birth. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether AMH is a predictor of live birth in women undergoing assisted conception.
Prophylaxis and follow-up after possible exposure to HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus outside hospital: evaluation of policy 2000-3
Authors: Gerard J B Sonder, Rosa M Regez, Kees Brinkman, Jan M Prins, Jan-Willem Mulder, Joke Spaargaren, Roel A Coutinho, Anneke van den Hoek
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Problem</b> Prophylactic treatment and follow-up after exposure to HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C outside hospital needs to be improved. <b>Background and setting</b> Until January 2000, people in Amsterdam could report exposure outside hospital to either a hospital or the municipal health service. If they reported to the municipal health service, they were then referred to hospitals for HIV prophylaxis, whereas the municipal health service handled treatment and follow-up related to hepatitis B and hepatitis C and traced sources. For cases reported to a hospital, hospital staff often did not trace HIV sources or follow up patients for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. <b>Key measures for improvement</b> Providing adequate treatment for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C after exposure for all reported exposures outside hospital. <b>Strategies for change</b> On 1 January 2000, a new protocol was introduced in which three Amsterdam hospitals and the municipal health service collaborated in the treatment and follow-up of exposures outside hospital. Both municipal health service and hospitals can decide whether HIV prophylaxis is necessary and prescribe accordingly. All people exposed in the community who report to hospitals are subsequently referred to the municipal health service for further treatment and follow-up. <b>Effects of change</b> The protocol is effective in that most people comply with treatment and follow-up. When indicated, HIV prophylaxis is started soon after exposure. In nearly two thirds of cases the municipal health service traced and tested the source. <b>Lessons learnt</b> Provision of treatment and follow-up in one place enables treatment, tracing and testing sources, and follow-up, including counselling and registration of all reported exposures in Amsterdam, which allows for swift identification of emerging epidemiological trends. Since May 2004 all Amsterdam hospitals have participated in the protocol.
The Toll-like Receptor Protein Rp105 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide Signaling in B Cells
Authors: Hirotaka Ogata, I-hsin Su, Kensuke Miyake, Yoshinori Nagai, Sachiko Akashi, Ingrid Mecklenbräuker, Klaus Rajewsky, Masao Kimoto, Alexander Tarakhovsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

The susceptibility to infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria is largely determined by innate immune responses to bacteria cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The stimulation of B cells by LPS enhances their antigen-presenting capacity and is accompanied by B cell proliferation and secretion of large quantities of LPS-neutralizing antibodies. Similar to macrophages and neutrophils, the LPS-induced activation of B cells is dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR)4. Here, we demonstrate that the responses of B cells to LPS are also regulated by another TLR protein, RP105, which is predominantly expressed on mature B cells in mice and humans. The analysis of mice homozygous for the null mutation in the RP105 gene revealed impaired proliferative and humoral immune responses of RP105-deficient B cells to LPS. Using originally LPS-unresponsive Ba/F3 cells expressing exogenous TLR4 and RP105, we demonstrate the functional cooperation between TLR4 and RP105 in LPS-induced nuclear factor κB activation. These data suggest the existence of the TLR4–RP105 signaling module in the LPS-induced B cell activation.
Decreased Insulin Secretion but Not Insulin Sensitivity in Normal Glucose Tolerant Thai Subjects
Authors: Chatchalit Rattarasarn, Supamai Soonthornpan, Rattana Leelawattana, Worawong Setasuban
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Reduced insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity has been demonstrated in normal glucose tolerant (NGT) subjects whose 2-h plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test were 5.6–7.7 mmol/l compared with those with 2-h plasma glucose levels <5.6 mmol/l (1,2,3). These data are from high-risk ethnic subjects. Whether these data are true in Asians is uncertain.

We studied insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in 51 NGT and 15 impaired glucose …
Evidence of false-positive results in a commercially available rotavirus assay in the vaccine era, Australia, 2011 to 2012
Authors: S Ye, S Roczo-Farkas, D M Whiley, S B Lambert, J Robson, C Heney, G Nimmo, K Grimwood, T P Sloots, C D Kirkwood
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Concerns were raised about specificity of the VIKIA Rota-Adeno immunochromatographic kit. Only 28-37% of samples positive with the VIKIA kit could be confirmed using two real-time RT-PCR assays and three ELISA kits. On re-analysis of a subset of the positive samples, 86% remained positive with the VIKIA kit, however, 90% remained negative in the other assays. In a highly vaccinated population we found a high number of false-positive rotavirus tests with a widely-used commercial kit.
Modulation of cellular phospholipid fatty acids and leukotriene B4 synthesis in the human intestinal cell (CaCo-2).
Authors: V C Dias, J L Wallace, H G Parsons
Journal: Gut (1992)

The ability of a human colonocyte epithelial cell line (CaCo-2) to synthesise leukotriene B4 was examined. In addition, the effects of stimulation with calcium ionophore, inhibition by a drug which specifically prevents activation of 5-lipoxygenase, and modification of the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids on leukotriene B4 synthesis were assessed. Incubation with calcium ionophore (A23187) resulted in a dose and time dependent increase in leukotriene B4 synthesis. After cell phospholipids had been enriched with oleic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid, leukotriene B4 synthesis was found to be increased 3.2-fold, 5.5-fold, and 6.1-fold above control. Treatment with MK-886 inhibited leukotriene B4 synthesis by 79% to 94% in the various groups. Variations in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of intestinal epithelial cells could be important in the modulation of cellular responses. We have shown for the first time in this human intestinal epithelial cell its ability to synthesise leukotriene B4. In addition, leukotriene B4 synthesis can be modulated by the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids, which can be altered by dietary fatty acids. The synthesis of chemotatic factors, such as leukotriene B4, by the mucosal epithelium may contribute to the recruitment of granulocytes into the colonic mucosa and across the epithelium, giving rise to the crypt abscesses which characterise ulcerative colitis.
The nature and consequence of genetic variability within Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: M. Kato-Maeda, P.J. Bifani, B.N. Kreiswirth, P.M. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Phenotypic diversityA hallmark of the natural history of tuberculosis has long been variability in the outcome of exposure.Only 30% of exposed persons show evidence of infection, and, of those infected, only 10% become ill.Among those who become ill, there is variability in disease time course, severity, and anatomic distribution.The prevailing dogma is that this variability is due to host and environmental factors, but there is considerable evidence that bacterial determinants contribute as well.Comparison of laboratory strains in vivo and in vitro.Early on, the availability of laboratory-attenuated MTB showed that there could be variability between strains.In 1905, MTB strain H37 was cultivated from the sputa of a 19-year-old male with pulmonary tuberculosis.Subsequently, it was grown in different media and used in guinea pig and rabbit experiments.Beginning in 1922, it was noted that some isolates, whose colony morphology had changed, were not able to produce disease.This attenuated progeny came to be known as H37Ra.Somewhat analogously, Calmette and Guérin passaged one M. bovis isolate (which causes tuberculosis in cattle) 230 times, to generate the attenuated bacterium known as BCG.This live attenuated organism is the world's most widely used vaccine.Studies comparing H37Rv, H37Ra, and BCG have identified phenotypic differences in vivo and in vitro.For instance, the number of bacteria recovered from the lungs and spleens of infected guinea pigs after inoculation with H37Ra is 100-fold less than with H37Rv at 3 weeks and declines rapidly thereafter (1).In other studies, H37Ra fails to grow progressively in
Lamivudine-Zidovudine Combination for Prevention of Maternal-Infant Transmission of HIV-1
Authors: Laurent Mandelbrot
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextZidovudine reduces maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection by two thirds. Combination antiretroviral therapies are potentially more effective prevention.ObjectivesTo assess the safety of perinatal lamivudine-zidovudine therapy, especially in children, and its effects on viral load, acquisition of drug resistance, and maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1 in a nonbreastfeeding population.Design and SettingThe Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS) 075 Study, an open-label, nonrandomized intervention trial conducted in the context of an ongoing observational cohort study in 48 sites in France.PatientsA total of 445 HIV-1–infected pregnant women were enrolled as the study cohort from February 1997 to September 1998; controls consisted of 899 pregnant women who had received zidovudine monotherapy in May 1994 to February 1997 as standard care.InterventionThe study cohort received lamivudine in addition to the standard Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group 076 Study zidovudine prophylaxis regimen. Lamivudine was initiated in women at 32 weeks' gestation through delivery at 150 mg twice per day orally; children received lamivudine, 2 mg/kg twice per day for 6 weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresHIV-1 infection status and tolerance of therapy in children through age 18 months; maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA levels through 6 weeks after delivery.ResultsThe transmission rate in the study group was 1.6% (7/437; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7%-3.3%). In a multivariable analysis, transmission in the study group was 5-fold lower than in controls. In the study group, maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA level was less than 500 copies/mL at delivery in 74%; the median decrease was 1.24 (range, −1.63 to 3.40) log10 copies/mL. The M184V lamivudine resistance mutation was detected at 6 weeks after delivery in specimens from 52 of 132 women. The most frequent serious adverse events in children were neutropenia and anemia, requiring blood transfusion in 9 children and premature treatment discontinuation in 19. Two uninfected children died at age 1 year from neurologic complications related to mitochondrial dysfunction.ConclusionsLamivudine-zidovudine may be effective in preventing maternal-infant HIV transmission. However, severe adverse effects and emergence of resistance to lamivudine occurred. Thus, the role of this combination therapy in this setting is as yet unclear, and further research involving a variety of strategies is needed to definitively ascertain its utility for preventing maternal-infant HIV transmission.
In-patient Treatment of Civilian Neurotic Casualties
Authors: W. S. Maclay, J. Whitby
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Finally, the role of a children's hospital as a reservoir of infection is obvious.There is a long incubation period, and many nurses happened to be on holiday when they became ill, and thus carried infection into parts of Berkshire, Hampshire, Kent, Lancashire, Middlesex, Oxfordshire, Stafford- shire, and Sussex.There seems no reason why the thread of infection should die out of the hospital while it exists in its present form, for its population is continually being refreshed by the influx of susceptible children and young nurses.If this should not be enough, another outbreak could be started by the admission of a patient incubating the disease-a fairly common event. SummaryInfectious hepatitis became endemic in a hospital early in 1940, and in the following winter an epidemic started.It gradually subsided in the next year and a half, but the frequent introduction of young nurses and children into the community is likely to maintain the infection and form a reservoir from which the disease can be distributed to other places.Infection is usually transmitted from case to case, but abor- tive cases are probably important links in the chain of infection.Young children and senior nurses are less susceptible than older children and junior nurses.The incubation period is usually about a month, but shorter and considerably longer periods are possible.The-duration of infectivity is uncertain.Hepatitis is easily transmitted, but is probably less infectious than varicella or rubella.The disease often produces several weeks of invalidism.The blood sedimentation rate, may remain elevated for some weeks after a mild attack.
Interaction between cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic gunaosine monophosphate in guinea pig ventricular myocardium.
Authors: A M Watanabe, H R Besch
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying adrenergic-cholinergic antagonism in ventricular myocardium. Myocardial contractility, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) levels were measure in isolated guinea pig ventricles after treatment with various inotropic agents given alone and simultaneously with acetylcholine. Acetylcholine alone markedly elevated cyclic GMP levels but did not substantially change myocardial contractility. However, the same concentration of acetylcholine significantly attenuated the inotropic effect of isoproterenol and histamine, two drugs that may act by increasing myocardial levels of cyclic AMP. The decrease in the inotropic response to isoproterenol did not appear to be due to a decrease in the generation of cyclic AMP, because cyclic AMP levels were similar in hearts receiving isoproterenol alone and those receiving isoproterenol with acetylcholine. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP also antagonized the intropic action of isoproterenol. Acetylcholine did not alter the inotropic effects of ouabain, an agent that increases myocardial contractility without changing cyclic AMP levels. These results suggest that cyclic GMP mediates the antiadrenergic effects of acetylcholine by specifically antagonizing the inotropic actions of cyclic AMP.
Classification of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with interstitial lung disease: assessment of a machine learning approach using high-dimensional transcriptional data
Authors: Su Yeon Kim, James Diggans, Dan Pankratz, Jing Huang, Moraima Pagan, Nicole Sindy, Ed Tom, Jessica Anderson, Yoonha Choi, David A Lynch, Mark P Steele, Kevin R Flaherty, Kevin K Brown, Humam Farah, Michael J Bukstein, Annie Pardo, Moisés Selman, Paul J Wolters, Steven D Nathan, Thomas V Colby, Jeffrey L Myers, Anna-Luise A Katzenstein, Ganesh Raghu, Giulia C Kennedy
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015)
The effects of ambient temperature on outpatient visits for varicella and herpes zoster in Shanghai, China: A time-series study
Authors: Yingying Yang, Renjie Chen, Jinhua Xu, Qiao Li, Xiaohui Xu, Sandie Ha, Weimin Song, Jianguo Tan, Feng Xu, Haidong Kan
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
A Biosynthetic Alternative to Human Donor Tissue for Inducing Corneal Regeneration: 24-Month Follow-Up of a Phase 1 Clinical Study
Authors: Per Fagerholm, Neil S. Lagali, Kimberley Merrett, W. Bruce Jackson, Rejean Munger, Yuwen Liu, James W. Polarek, Monica Söderqvist, May Griffith
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

A biosynthetic cornea is stably integrated with host tissues for 2 years after implantation and produces nerve regeneration and vision improvement.
Genetic Alterations Associated With Cryptorchidism
Authors: Alberto Ferlin
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Cryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital birth defect in male children and represents an important risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer. Major regulators of testicular descent are the hormones insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and testosterone, and disruption of these pathways might cause cryptorchidism.To determine the frequency of genetic alterations in cryptorchidism.Case-control study in 2 departments of pediatric surgery in Italy between January 2003 and March 2005.Six hundred male infants with cryptorchidism. Boys were followed up for 2 to 3 years (through January 2008) and orchidopexy was performed in those who were persistently cryptorchid. We analyzed 300 noncryptorchid male children aged 1 to 4 years as controls.Karyotype anomalies and INSL3, INSL3 receptor, and androgen receptor gene mutations.The frequency of genetic alterations in boys with cryptorchidism was low (17/600 [2.8%; 95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.7%-4.5%]) and was significantly higher in participants with persistent cryptorchidism (16/303 [5.3%; 95% CI, 3.0%-8.4%]; P = .001) and those with bilateral cryptorchidism (10/120 [8.3%; 95% CI, 4.1%-14.8%]; P = .001) than in controls (1/300 [0.3%; 95% CI, 0.1%-0.8%]). Boys with persistent cryptorchidism had a 17-fold greater odds of having a genetic alteration (odds ratio, 16.7; 95% CI, 2.2-126.5). The most common genetic findings in those with cryptorchidism were 8 cases of Klinefelter syndrome and 5 cases of mutations in the INSL3 receptor gene. Genetic alterations were not found in boys with low birth weight or low gestational age, who had frequent spontaneous descent of the testes.In a small percentage of the study population, there was a statistically significant association between bilateral and persistent cryptorchidism and genetic alterations, including Klinefelter syndrome and INSL3 receptor gene mutations.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Elevated Placental Adenosine Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia”
Authors: Takayuki Iriyama, Kaiqi Sun, Nicholas F. Parchim, Jessica Li, Cheng Zhao, Anren Song, Laura A. Hart, Sean C. Blackwell, Baha M. Sibai, Lee-Nien L. Chan, Teh-Sheng Chan, John M. Hicks, Michael R. Blackburn, Rodney E. Kellems, Yang Xia
Journal: Circulation (2015)
The influence of circulating catecholamines and prostaglandins on canine renal hemodynamics during hemorrhage.
Authors: W L Henrich, W A Pettinger, R E Cronin
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

The relationship between circulating catecholamines and prostaglandins and the independent contribution of circulating catecholamines to renal vasoconstriction during hemorrhage is unknown. The renal hemodynamic effects of a 30% decrease in blood pressure by hemorrhage were therefore studied in three groups of anesthetized dogs which had undergone prior bilateral renal denervation. A constant unilateral infusion of the catecholamine antagonist phenoxybenzamine (POB, 0.2 micrograms/kg per min) into the renal artery during hemorrhage was also performed. In the control (C) dogs (n = 6), hemorrhage was not associated with significant changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or renal blood flow (RBF) in either POB-infused and denervated or noninfused, denervated kidneys. In the second group of dogs (n = 8), pretreated with the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin (IN, 10 mg/kg, iv), POB-infused and denervated kidneys had a significantly higher GFR (30 vs. 23 ml/min, P less than 0.05) and RBF (180 vs. 130 ml/min, P less than 0.0-5) than contralateral denervated kidneys during the hemorrhage period. Similar results were observed in the third group of dogs (n = 6) pretreated with the chemically dissimilar prostaglandin inhibitor meclofenemate (M). Circulating plasma catecholamines increased to a similar degree in C (116 to 530 pg/ml, P less than 0.005), IN (116 to 488 pg/ml, P less than 0.005), and M (75 to 315 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) groups; the major part of this increase was due to an increase in plasma norepinephrine (NE). These results indicate that, in this model of hemorrhage, plasma NE exerts a moderate but significant renal vasoconstrictor effect which is unmasked by prostaglandin inhibition.
Tinnitus Perception and Distress Is Related to Abnormal Spontaneous Brain Activity as Measured by Magnetoencephalography
Authors: Nathan Weisz, Stephan Moratti, Marcus Meinzer, Katalin Dohrmann, Thomas Elbert
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying tinnitus perception are not well understood. Surprisingly, there have been no group studies comparing abnormalities in ongoing, spontaneous neuronal activity in individuals with and without tinnitus perception. Methods and Findings Here, we show that the spontaneous neuronal activity of a group of individuals with tinnitus (n = 17) is characterised by a marked reduction in alpha (8–12 Hz) power together with an enhancement in delta (1.5–4 Hz) as compared to a normal hearing control group (n = 16). This pattern was especially pronounced for temporal regions. Moreover, correlations with tinnitus-related distress revealed strong associations with this abnormal spontaneous activity pattern, particularly in right temporal and left frontal areas. Overall, effects were stronger for the alpha than for the delta frequency band. A data stream of 5 min, recorded with a whole-head neuromagnetometer under a resting condition, was sufficient to extract the marked differences. Conclusions Despite some limitations, there are arguments that the regional pattern of abnormal spontaneous activity we found could reflect a tinnitus-related cortical network. This finding, which suggests that a neurofeedback approach could reduce the adverse effects of this disturbing condition, could have important implications for the treatment of tinnitus.