tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOME OF THE USES OF CHLORALAMID.Read in the Section on Materia Medica and Pharmacy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: CHARLES C. BROWNING
Journal: JAMA (1894)

So many excellent and exhaustive articles have been written regarding the use of chloralamid since its introduction, that I will confine myself to a brief mention of observations in regard to a few conditions in which it has been reported of value to others and proven as such to myself. In one condition I go more into detail, because I have not seen a report of its having been used in this condition by others. Its utility is favorably reported in several conditions not herein mentioned. I began the use of chloralamid in 1890 while a member of the medical staff of the New York City Asylum for the Insane, and have used it with satisfaction in the following conditions, viz., neurasthenia, hysteria, pleuritis, phthisis, typhoid fever, melancholia, mania, dysmenorrhea, epilepsy and disorders due to organic diseases which were not accompanied by an extreme degree of nervous excitement or pain,
Medical software's free future
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The government in the United Kingdom spent £7.1bn ($9.9bn) on information systems in 1998-9, of which £1bn was in health care. Yet information systems are difficult to commission, purchase, and evaluate, and the results not always good.1

As computer hardware becomes an ever cheaper commodity with ever increasing power, it is clear that software is the rate limiting step in system development. Software is slippery stuff: its possibilities seem almost limitless, but implementing a system competently is a difficult activity that commands premium rates of pay. A lot of its cost lies in planning, implementing, and monitoring and enforcing exchanges between the parties involved, who might be, for example, a hospital wanting to buy an information system and a system supplier. Such exchanges have high transaction costs.2 …
Mid Staffordshire and Milton Keynes are granted conditional registration
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two troubled NHS foundation trusts, Mid Staffordshire and Milton Keynes Hospital, have been granted registration by the Care Quality Commission but must fulfil strict conditions to protect patients. If the conditions are not met their NHS licence to operate may be withdrawn.

The independent regulator announced that a further 64 NHS trusts will be registered without conditions. This is the first wave of registrations under the new tougher system for regulating standards in the NHS. Legally all 381 NHS trusts in England have to be registered with the commission by 1 April. Over the next two weeks the commission will announce how the remaining trusts have fared.

Cynthia Bower, the commission’s chief executive, said: “This is a tough new system, and we have stronger enforcement powers than ever before to make sure services improve.” The new powers include warning notices, fines, prosecution, restrictions on activities, and, in extreme cases, closure.

“This initial registration process is just the start of the system. For a number of trusts registration will be conditional on them taking immediate action to improve. Others have identified specific areas they …
Peroxynitrite Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size and Preserves Coronary Endothelium After Ischemia and Reperfusion in Cats
Authors: Tareck O. Nossuli, Reid Hayward, Rosario Scalia, Allan M. Lefer
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) is purported to exert cytotoxic effects at high doses. However, physiologically relevant concentrations of ONOO − inhibit polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) adhesion to the endothelium and attenuate PMN-mediated contractile dysfunction in isolated perfused rat hearts. We are unaware of any reports in vivo showing effects of peroxynitrite in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R). Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the in vivo effects of a physiologically relevant concentration of ONOO − (1 μmol/L) in a feline model of MI/R injury. Methods and Results ONOO − (1 μmol/L) or its vehicle (0.9% NaCl at pH 8.4) was infused intraventricularly, starting 10 minutes before reperfusion in cats subjected to 90 minutes of myocardial ischemia and 4.5 hours of reperfusion. ONOO − -treated cats demonstrated marked attenuation of cardiac necrosis after MI/R compared with cats receiving only vehicle ( P &lt;.001). Moreover, vasorelaxation of ischemic-reperfused left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery rings in response to the endothelium-dependent dilators acetylcholine and A23187 was greater in rings isolated from ONOO − -treated MI/R cats compared with MI/R cats receiving only vehicle, indicating that postreperfusion coronary vascular endothelial function was preserved by ONOO − . ONOO − also significantly reduced adherence of neutrophils to the ischemic-reperfused LAD coronary endothelium. Immunohistochemical localization of P-selectin was also significantly attenuated in hearts from ONOO − -infused MI/R cats. Conclusions These data suggest that physiologically relevant concentrations of ONOO − exert significant cardioprotective and vasculoprotective effects in MI/R in cats, at least partially by attenuating PMN-endothelium interactions.
Combination balloon-ultrasound imaging catheter (BUIC) allows continuous monitoring of balloon inflation, deflation, and immediate recoil in patients undergoing balloon angioplasty
Authors: Jeffrey M. Isner, Kenneth Rosenfield, Douglas W. Losordo, Paul Palefski, R.Eugene Langevin, Syed Razvi, Bernard D. Kosowsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Reducing maternal mortality: reaudit of recommendations in reports of confidential inquiries into maternal deaths
Authors: A. Benbow, M. Maresh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

and lower to pathology than expected from the general increase in the hospital specialties.This cohort was surveyed for the first time several years into the qualifiers' medical careers.We are cautious about interpreting recalled career choices because they may be influenced by the passage of time.None the less, the decline in choice of general practice as a first career between 1983 and 1988 and between 1988 and 1993 suggests that interest in general practice among newly qualified doctors has fallen gradually.We showed that, by 1995, the number of 1988 qualifiers who had left the NHS was no higher than that of 1983 qualifiers by 1990.However, there was a small but significant increase in the percentage of male doctors who were not in medical practice.We thank all the doctors who participated.We thank Janet Justice and Alison Stockford for coding data, Karen Hollick for help with tables, and Jean Davidson for assisting with programming.
Cimetidine and Meckel's Diverticulum
Authors: RICHARD A. KIRKPATRICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1978Cimetidine and Meckel's DiverticulumRICHARD A. KIRKPATRICK, M.D.RICHARD A. KIRKPATRICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-6-846_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Surgical excision of Meckel's diverticulum in patients in whom it is the site of gastrointestinal bleeding is curative; however, occasionally, patients cannot tolerate surgery for reasons such as receńt myocardial infarction, severe pulmonary disease, or advanced age. The patient described below had other reasons for avoiding surgery. Nonetheless, his case shows a successful medical approach to the management of Meckel's diverticulum.A 27-year-old logger and trapper came to our office complaining of abdominal pain. His general practitioner had ordered a complete series of gastrointestinal roentgenograms, an oral cholecystogram, an abdominal sonogram, and a wide variety of blood...References1. JEWETTDUSZYNSKIALLEN TDJ: The visualization of Meckel's diverticulum with tc-pertechnetate. Surgery 68:567-570, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. BERGQUISTNOLANADSONSCHUTT TNMA: Diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum by radioisotope scanning. Mayo Clin Proc 48:98-102, 1973 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. HENNISENBERGMAXWELLSTURDEVANT RJBR: Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by Cimetidine in patients with duodenal ulcer. N Engl J Med 291:371-375, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. CODE C: New antagonists excite an old histamine prospector. N Engl J Med 290:738-740, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCorrelation of gastric heterotopia and Meckel’s diverticular bleeding in children: a unique associationBleeding Meckel Diverticulum Responds to Intravenous PantoprazoleThe abdominal technetium scan (a decade of experience)Effect of Cimetidine on the Absorption of Vitamin B 12Unusual roentgenologic manifestations of Meckel's diverticulumIs nail trephining safe?Comparing methods of assessing gestational age. 1 June 1978Volume 88, Issue 6Page: 846-847KeywordsAbdominal painBloodHemorrhageMyocardial infarctionPulmonary diseasesSurgery Issue Published: 1 June 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Localization of the Kv1.5 K+ channel protein in explanted cardiac tissue.
Authors: D J Mays, J M Foose, L H Philipson, M M Tamkun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The cloned Kv1.5 K+ channel displays similar kinetics and pharmacology to a delayed rectifier channel found in atrial myocytes. To determine whether the Kv1.5 isoform plays a role in the cardiac action potential, it is necessary to confirm the expression of this channel in cardiac myocytes. Using antibodies directed against two distinct channel epitopes, the Kv1.5 isoform was localized in human atrium and ventricle. Kv1.5 was highly localized at intercalated disk regions as determined by colocalization with connexin and N-cadherin specific antibodies. While both antichannel antibodies localized the Kv1.5 protein in cardiac myocytes, only the NH2-terminal antibodies stained vascular smooth muscle. The selective staining of vasculature by this antiserum suggests that epitope accessibility, and perhaps channel structure, varies between cardiac and vascular myocytes. Kv1.5 expression was localized less in newborn tissue, with punctate antibody staining dispersed on the myocyte surface. This increasing organization with age was similar to that observed for connexin. Future work will address whether altered K+ channel localization is associated with cardiac disease in addition to changing with development.
ABC of Medical Computing: STORING AND MANAGING DATA ON A COMPUTER
Authors: N. Lee, A. Millman, M. Osborne, J. Cox
Journal: BMJ (1995)

All readers will be familiar with the traditional card index which is used to store relatively simple information such as a list of books in a library. Database programs are the electronic equivalent of a card index but offer several advantages. Most important of these is the ability to search and analyse the stored data rapidly and reliably. In addition to this, large amounts of information can be stored in a fraction of the space that would be required for equivalent paper records; several people on a network or multiuser system can use the same database simultaneously; and the results of searches can easily be printed in the form of a report. Furthermore, any stored data can be used by other programs such as a word processor (for creating circular letters or mailing labels), a spreadsheet (for manipulation and charting of the data), or a statistical program (for detailed analysis).

Information stored in a database is broken down into manageable portions which are stored in separate compartments called fields and records. For example, a surname would be entered into one field, and the first name or initial and date of birth into subsequent fields. A collection of fields relating to one person or event is called a record. A database can contain an unlimited number of records.

Flatfile databases are the most basic type and are analogous to a card index. They are easy to create with any database program and are ideal for storing simple information such as a list of names and addresses. They offer all the facilities that many people are likely to need.



Simple flatfile database.



In a relational database information is stored in several separate, cross referenced database files. Although more complex, this structure allows very powerful and efficient systems to be developed. A good …
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly.
Authors: A Capewell, J M Inglis, J Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

away is one essential function; and that the idea that prison can reform has had its day.Accepting the last conclusion means to me that we should follow much of the thinking of King and Morgan and use prison as little as possible and make prison as much like the outside world as is compatible wTith security.
In screening for congenital cataract, many false positive referrals will occur
Authors: S. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Rahi et al's data enable the annual incidence of congenital cataracts in the United Kingdom to be estimated.1 The incidence is roughly 3 per 10 000 live births after allowance is made for their assessment of the non-completeness of the data. This rarity does not make the condition unimportant but does raise considerable difficulties for a screening programme. This is especially so when the apparently …
Venous Thrombosis Made Easy
Authors: Edwin W. Salzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Modern techniques for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis have shown that up to two thirds of venous thrombi are silent and are never detected clinically, and that thrombi are present only half the time when signs and symptoms suggest their presence. Thus, the use of objective diagnostic tests is essential before a patient is subjected to a course of anticoagulant treatment. Although the frequency of fatal pulmonary embolism underscores the need to identify venous thrombosis before embolization occurs, the diagnostic tools available tend to be nonspecific or inconvenient and expensive, and the prospect of choosing from among phlebography, blood tests, . . .
Diffuse pulmonary alveolar fibrosis
Authors: J. G. Scadding
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Scadding, J. G. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 271-281. <b>Diffuse pulmonary alveolar fibrosis.</b> The problems of diagnostic categorization of diffuse pulmonary alveolar fibrosis are outlined, and attention is drawn to the different implications of categories defined aetiologically and histopathologically. The pattern of pulmonary insufficiency associated with changes of these sorts is described, and the importance of using a terminology of pulmonary insufficiency which refers unequivocally to disorders of function is emphasized. The usage of the word `interstitial9 in the context of inflammations of the lung is critically examined. It seems to be used to imply predominant involvement of alveolar walls, which in other contexts would be regarded as `parenchyma9. This unresolved conflict which accepted anatomical usage can be avoided by general acceptance of complementary conventions that `pneumonia9 refers to inflammations of the lung characterized by exudation into alveolar spaces leading to consolidation, and `alveolitis9 to those affecting predominantly alveolar walls. Some cases of alveolitis, so defined, can be shown to be due to reactions with inhaled organic dusts in the gas-exchanging part of the lungs in specifically sensitized individuals, constituting a group of aetiologically defined categories `extrinsic allergic alveolitis9. A few are due to ingested toxic substances. Many remain of unknown cause and show a strong and early tendency to alveolar wall fibrosis: they constitute a histopathologically defined category `cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis9.
Argon Plasma Coagulation in the Treatment of Barrett’s High-Grade Dysplasia and In Situ Adenocarcinoma
Authors: J.-L. Van Laethem, R. Jagodzinski, M. O. Peny, M. Cremer, J. Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Endoscopic therapy of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and superficial adenocarcinoma associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE), using Nd:YAG laser, KTP laser, or photodynamic therapy (PDT), has been reported to be effective in a curative role. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) appears to be effective in the eradication of nondysplastic Barrett's mucosa, but no results are available in the management of early neoplasms complicating BE. We report our initial experience in the application of APC in this indication.Ten patients (mean age 74.2) with histologically proven HGD (n = 7) or in situ adenocarcinoma (n = 3) associated with BE (mean length 6 cm) and unfit for surgery were treated using APC and high-dose omeprazole (40 mg daily) until squamous re-epithelialization or complete eradication of the initially apparent lesions. Endoscopic follow-up was maintained at every 3 months.Complete eradication of HGD and in situ adenocarcinoma was achieved after a mean number of 3.3+/-1.5 APC sessions in 8/10 patients (80%). The eight patients with complete clearance of the neoplastic areas did not show any evidence of local recurrence during a median follow-up of 24 months (range 12-36 months). One patient with initial HGD had persistence of HGD 30 months after initial diagnosis, and one patient progressed to invasive adenocarcinoma after failure of APC and PDT.APC is safe and effective in the management of HGD and in situ adenocarcinoma associated with BE, and might represent an interesting alternative in selected patients who are not candidates for surgery.
A congenital anomaly in a preterm newborn
Authors: M. J Schuurman, S. G Robben, J. V Been
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A boy was born by spontaneous preterm delivery at 33 weeks’ gestation (birth weight 1340 g). The pregnancy had been uneventful and no abnormalities had been noticed during regular obstetric checkups, including ultrasonographic evaluation.

On delivery, the infant had no respiratory drive and a pulse of around 80 beats a minute. After proper positioning to open the airway, his breathing was briefly supported by bag and mask. A heart rate above 100 beats/min was maintained throughout resuscitation. The one minute and five minute Apgar scores were 5 and 8, respectively.

The newborn was transferred from the delivery suite to the neonatal intensive care unit. Shortly after admission, an umbilical catheter was inserted for administration of parenteral nutrition. A nasogastric tube was passed to start enteral feeding. A chest and abdomen radiograph, obtained to verify proper position of the umbilical catheter, revealed an unanticipated congenital anomaly (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Chest and abdominal radiograph





### Short answers



Fig 2 Annotated chest and abdominal radiograph. (A) Nasogastric tube curled up in a blind, dilated upper oesophageal …
Clinically apparent eating disorders in young diabetic women: associations with painful neuropathy and other complications.
Authors: J M Steel, R J Young, G G Lloyd, B F Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Of 208 young women with insulin dependent diabetes, 15 (7%) had a clinically apparent eating disorder (anorexia nervosa or bulimia), a much higher prevalence than reported in non-diabetic women. Most, but not all, of these patients had a long history of poor glycaemic control. In contrast with previous suggestions, control did not deteriorate after the onset of the eating disorder. There was a high incidence and an early onset of diabetic complications. Eleven of the 15 patients had retinopathy, six with proliferative changes; six had nephropathy; and six neuropathy. Most strikingly, four patients with anorexia nervosa developed acute painful polyneuropathy. In each case pain started when the eating disorder developed, almost coinciding with the peak of weight reduction. Remission of pain occurred as weight was regained. The symptoms were accompanied by abnormalities in peripheral nerve electrophysiology and autonomic nerve function, some improvements in which accompanied weight recovery. It is suggested that nutritional factors may contribute to the high rate of early onset diabetic complications, particularly neuropathy.
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and TGF-β–Associated Kinase 1 Are Required for R-Ras–Mediated Transformation of Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Mete Erdogan, Ambra Pozzi, Neil Bhowmick, Harold L. Moses, Roy Zent
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cooperates with oncogenic members of the Ras superfamily to promote cellular transformation and tumor progression. Apart from the classic (H-, K-, and N-) Ras GTPases, only the R-Ras subfamily (R-Ras, R-Ras2/TC21, and R-Ras3/M-Ras) has significant oncogenic potential. In this study, we show that oncogenic R-Ras transformation of EpH4 cells requires TGF-β signaling. When murine EpH4 cells were stably transfected with a constitutively active R-Ras(G38V) mutant, they were no longer sensitive to TGF-β–mediated growth inhibition and showed increased proliferation and transformation in response to exogenous TGF-β. R-Ras/EpH4 cells require TGF-β signaling for transformation to occur and they produce significantly elevated levels of endogenous TGF-β, which signals in an autocrine fashion. The effects of TGF-β are independent of Smad2/3 activity and require activation of TGF-β–associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and its downstream effectors c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Thus, TAK1 is a novel link between TGF-β signaling and oncogenic R-Ras in the promotion of tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(15):6224–31]
Assessment of lidocaine metabolite formation as a quantitative liver function test in children
Authors: David A. Gremse, Hassan H. A-Kader, Timothy J. Schroeder, William F. Balistreri
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Lidocaine, an aminoethylamide, undergoes deethylation in the liver after intravenous injection, resulting in the formation of monoethylglycinexylidide. Serum monoethylglycinexylidide concentration can be measured by a simple, rapid fluorescent polarization immunoassay. We sought to determine whether lidocaine metabolism, as indicated by monoethylglycinexylidide formation, could be used as a quantitative index of hepatic function. Therefore we measured monoethylglycinexylidide formation in 10 healthy children and in 28 children with chronic liver disease. Patients with chronic liver disease were divided by disease severity as being at low, moderate or high risk for deterioration based on a clinical scoring system for liver transplant candidates. In healthy controls, the peak monoethylglyclnexylidide concentration 15 min after injection of lidocaine (1 mg/kg) was 97 ± 12 μg/L (mean ± S.E.). However, monoethylglycinexylidide concentration was decreased in 28 children with chronic liver disease (32 ± 5 μg/L, p < 0.001). Furthermore, this value was inversely proportional to the severity of liver disease. The mean difference in monoethylglycinexylidide concentration between the low-risk and high-risk groups was statistically significant (42 ± 6 vs. 11 ± 4 μg/L, respectively, p < 0.01). We conclude that the rate of formation of the lidocaine metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide is decreased in patients with chronic liver disease and is inversely related to disease severity. Therefore measurement of monoethylglycinexylidide concentration after lidocaine injection may be used as a quantitative assessment of liver function in children. We speculate that monoethylglycinexylidide formation may be a useful prognostic index in children with liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:565–569).