tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rectal and anal cancers
Authors: C V Mann
Journal: Gut (1984)

gut disorders (peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease) were given perfunctory treatment.(ii) 'This book was written to help physicians in their care of patients with digestive diseases'.It is certainly too detailed for the student, not practical enough for the resident, too unbalanced for those taking higher medical diplomas and, only in parts, up to the high standards required by trainee and trainer gastroenterologists.Internists will use the even larger and better proportioned rivals for occasional reference.On balance therefore, I do not feel that I can recommend this book to any particular group of readers.This is a pity because some sections are undoubtedly good and stimulating.
Quantitative analysis of glycogen repletion by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the conscious rat.
Authors: G I Shulman, L Rossetti, D L Rothman, J B Blair, D Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

In order to directly determine the amount of label exchange that occurs in the tricarboxylic cycle from labeled alanine and lactate after the ingestion of a glucose load [1-13C]glucose was administered by continuous intraduodenal infusion to awake catheterized rats to achieve steady state jugular venous glycemia (160 mg/dl) for 180 min. Liver was freeze-clamped at 90 and 180 min, and perchloric acid extracts of the liver were subjected to 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Dilution in the oxaloacetate pool was determined by comparing the intrahepatic 13C enrichments of C2, C3 positions of glutamate with the C2, C3 positions of alanine and lactate. In addition steady state flux equations were derived for calculation of relative fluxes through pyruvate dehydrogenase/TCA cycle flux and pyruvate kinase flux/total pyruvate utilization. After glucose ingestion in a 24-h fasted rat direct conversion of glucose was responsible for 34% of glycogen. The intrahepatic dilution factor for labeled pyruvate in the oxaloacetate pool was 2.4. Using this factor, alanine and lactate contributed approximately 55% to glycogen formation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase flux ranged between 24 and 35% of total acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) production and pyruvate kinase flux relative to total pyruvate utilization was approximately 40%.
The Mixed Lineage Nature of Nitrogen Transport and Assimilation in Marine Eukaryotic Phytoplankton: A Case Study of Micromonas
Authors: Sarah M. McDonald, Joshua N. Plant, Alexandra Z. Worden
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

The prasinophyte order Mamiellales contains several widespread marine picophytoplankton (≤ 2 μm diameter) taxa, including Micromonas and Ostreococcus. Complete genome sequences are available for two Micromonas isolates, CCMP1545 and RCC299. We performed in silico analyses of nitrogen transporters and related assimilation genes in CCMP1545 and RCC299 and compared these with other green lineage organisms as well as Chromalveolata, fungi, bacteria, and archaea. Phylogenetic reconstructions of ammonium transporter (AMT) genes revealed divergent types contained within each Mamiellales genome. Some were affiliated with plant and green algal AMT1 genes and others with bacterial AMT2 genes. Land plant AMT2 genes were phylogenetically closer to archaeal transporters than to Mamiellales AMT2 genes. The Mamiellales represent the first green algal genomes to harbor AMT2 genes, which are not found in Chlorella and Chlamydomonas or the chromalveolate algae analyzed but are present in oomycetes. Fewer nitrate transporter (NRT) than AMT genes were identified in the Mamiellales. NRT1 was found in all but CCMP1545 and showed highest similarity to Mamiellales and proteobacterial NRTs. NRT2 genes formed a bootstrap-supported clade basal to other green lineage organisms. Several nitrogen-related genes were colocated, forming a nitrogen gene cluster. Overall, RCC299 showed the most divergent suite of nitrogen transporters within the various Mamiellales genomes, and we developed TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction primer-probes targeting a subset of these, as well as housekeeping genes, in RCC299. All those investigated showed expression either under standard growth conditions or under nitrogen depletion. Like other recent publications, our findings show a higher degree of "mixed lineage gene affiliations" among eukaryotes than anticipated, and even the most phylogenetically anomalous versions appear to be functional. Nitrogen is often considered a regulating factor for phytoplankton populations. This study provides a springboard for exploring the use and functional diversification of inorganic nitrogen transporters and related genes in eukaryotic phytoplankton.
ACUTE NON-SUPPURATIVE ENCEPHALITIS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: ISAAC A. ABT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Acute non-suppurative encephalitis is neither a rare nor new disease among children. Striking cases, however, are of interest. Attention was first called to this class of cases by Strümpell<sup>1</sup>in 1884: Cerebral palsies in children depend on inflammation of the gray substance of the motor cortex. There is, therefore, an acute polioencephalitis analogous to acute poliomyelitis. Both depend on the same infection which sometimes becomes localized in the brain, sometimes in the cord. Strümpell's publication aroused much interest and subsequent investigations were made by Bernhardt, Wollenberg, Krast and Möbius in Germany; Marie in France; Ross, Abercrombie, Gowers and Ashby in England; Sachs, Peterson and Osler in the United States. With the evolution of the subject, it became evident that Strümpell was not entirely correct in the assumption that cerebral palsy in children was due to a single process, but several pathologic changes, such as cerebral hemorrhage, embolism, and thrombosis,
A bisexually reproducing all-triploid vertebrate
Authors: Matthias Stöck, Dunja K. Lamatsch, Claus Steinlein, Jörg T. Epplen, Wolf-Rüdiger Grosse, Robert Hock, Thomas Klapperstück, Kathrin P. Lampert, Ulrich Scheer, Michael Schmid, Manfred Schartl
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
PLK1 Inhibitors Synergistically Potentiate HDAC Inhibitor Lethality in Imatinib Mesylate–Sensitive or –Resistant BCR/ABL+ Leukemia Cells <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Girija Dasmahapatra, Hiral Patel, Tri Nguyen, Elisa Attkisson, Steven Grant
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors (e.g., BI2536) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (e.g., vorinostat) interact synergistically in the BCR/ABL+ leukemia cells sensitive or resistant to imatinib mesylate (IM) in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Design: K562 and LAMA84 cells sensitive or resistant to imatinib mesylate and primary CML cells were exposed to BI2536 and vorinostat. Effects on cell viability and signaling pathways were determined using flow cytometry, Western blotting, and gene transfection. K562 and BV173/E255K animal models were used to test in vivo efficacy. Results: Cotreatment with BI2536 and vorinostat synergistically induced cell death in parental or imatinib mesylate–resistant BCR/ABL+ cells and primary CD34+ bone marrow cells but was minimally toxic to normal cells. BI2536/vorinostat cotreatment triggered pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of p-BCR/ABL, caspase activation, PARP cleavage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage (manifest by increased expression of γH2A.X, p-ATM, p-ATR), events attenuated by the antioxidant TBAP. PLK1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown significantly increased HDACI lethality, whereas HDAC1–3 shRNA knockdown reciprocally increased BI2536-induced apoptosis. Genetic interruption of the DNA damage linker H1.2 partially but significantly reduced PLK1/HDAC inhibitor–mediated cell death, suggesting a functional role for DNA damage in lethality. Finally, BI2536/vorinostat cotreatment dramatically reduced tumor growth in both subcutaneous and systemic BCR/ABL+ leukemia xenograft models and significantly enhanced animal survival. Conclusions: These findings suggest that concomitant PLK1 and HDAC inhibition is active against imatinib mesylate–sensitive or refractory CML and ALL cells both in vitro and in vivo and that this strategy warrants further evaluation in the setting of BCR/ABL+ leukemias. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 404–14. ©2012 AACR.
Enhanced external counterpulsation improves endothelial function in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease
Authors: Piero O Bonetti, Gregory W Barsness, Paul C Keelan, Theresa I Schnell, Geralyn M Pumper, Jeffrey T Kuvin, Robert P Schnall, David R Holmes, Stuart T Higano, Amir Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Cardiac macrophages and their role in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Stefan Frantz, Matthias Nahrendorf
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Cardiac macrophages are abundant in the healthy heart and after myocardial infarction (MI). Different macrophage phenotypes likely promote myocardial health vs. disease. Infarct macrophages are inflammatory and derive from circulating monocytes produced by the haematopoietic system. These cells are centrally involved in inflammatory tissue remodelling, resolution of inflammation during post-MI healing, and left ventricular remodelling. Presumably, macrophages interact with myocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Although macrophages are primarily recruited to the ischaemic myocardium, the remote non-ischaemic myocardium macrophage population changes dynamically after MI. Macrophages' known roles in defending the steady state and their pathological actions in other disease contexts provide a road map for exploring cardiac macrophages and their phenotypes, functions, and therapeutic potential. In our review, we summarize recent insights into the role of cardiac macrophages, focus on their actions after ischaemia, and highlight emerging research topics.
Levels of Intervention: Communicating with More Precision About Planned Use of Critical Interventions
Authors: Carolyn Ells
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Terms such as “resuscitation,” “CPR,” “DNR,” “full code,” and “no code” mean different things to different people, which challenges communications within and between the general population, healthcare professionals, healthcare institutions and legal jurisdictions. In promoting steps to change clinical practice and the expectations of healthcare users, Kyle Brothers and colleagues (2010) recommend that “DNAR” (or “Do Not Attempt Resuscitation”) be used by healthcare professionals in their discussions with patients, families, and the general population. They hope that doing so will help to undermine false confidence in the public about the potential success of resuscitation procedures. Their recommendation retains a problematic ambiguity that turns on the concept of “resuscitation” itself. I suggest instead that all such terms be made obsolete and the next steps in promoting cultural change include more precise development and communication of the care goals and plan regarding responses to cardio-pulmonary arrest and acute life-threatening events. My aim here is to urge a shift in how healthcare professionals talk to patients, the general public and each other, and to share one hospital’s experience in striving for more precise communication through practice assessment and policy change. A significant source of ambiguity and miscommunication surrounds the term “resuscitation.” “Resuscitation” is variously interpreted to imply use of some combination of chest compressions, assisted ventilation, fluids, blood, drugs, shock, dialysis, surgery, and other options available in the vast armamentarium of contemporary healthcare. Some expect that a care plan for “resuscitation” applies only if cardio-pulmonary arrest has occurred; others expect that “resuscitation” includes steps to prevent and reverse acute life-threatening events as well. The same procedures may be interpreted as “resuscitation” in some situations but not others. The same procedures may align with the goals of care in some situations but go against those goals in others. Especially in high-stakes communications about how healthcare professionals will respond to cardio-pulmonary arrest or acute life-threatening events, the use of ambiguous short-hand expressions for complex intervention strategies is highly problematic and should be avoided. Likewise, other factors (e.g., problems in the therapeutic relationship or healthcare team relationships,
The Childless Couple Carves a Pumpkin
Authors: David Brown
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The top comes off with a perfect bevel; it won't fall in, ever. A nose close to the edge catches the mysterious air drawn from the ground (it seems) to fill this extravagant space, air sweet as August and cool as October, this unbreathed air. The seeds cling to the sides in their slimy tendrils as if the yellow vortex had slung them there as the flower (long gone) pulled a fecund darkness from behind. But that is not the point tonight. The seeds come our— whether to roast up, salt-encrusted, like a school of fish left high and dry, or throw away, as in the way— there's no tradition here. Out they go this year. The empty belly is made emptier, and the cutting begins. One takes the eyes and nose, the other the mouth; there are no triangles, no cuts for a small hand guiding a blade, but
Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured-Reply
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —The May 15 JAMA contained many comprehensive proposals for responsible health care reform in this country. The editorial noted the adverse disparity between types of physicians. Two subsequent articles in the Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured column have focused on production of primary care physicians. 1,2 The Editor believes that we must increase the number and percentage of primary care physicians by the following measures:   Sharply and promptly increasing the number of MD graduates entering primary care.  Providing meaningful fiscal incentives and disincentives to effect and maintain the shift by widespread application of the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale.3  Developing retraining opportunities and pathways for many (?? say?? 100 000 or so) of the oversupplied specialists to become competent practicing primary care physicians   .
Abstract 5190: DNA aptamer-targeted periostin inhibits adhesion and migration of breast cancer
Authors: Yu Jin Lee, Il Shin Kim, Yoon Dong Kim, Kyung Min Lee, Dong-Young Noh, Kyong-Tai Kim, Sung-Ho Ryu, Pann-Ghill Suh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumor metastasis is multiple step pathological process involved in the final phase of tumor development. During this process, tumor cells obtain invasiveness and metastatic potential. Periostin, a mesenchyme-specific gene, has emerged as critical contributor of tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Clinical evidence has supported that periostin are highly expressed in several cancers including breast, where it is associated with a poor outcome. Thus, periostin is a potential therapeutic target for the regulation of breast cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we generated and characterized a DNA aptamer directed against human periostin (PNDAs) through utilization of Advanced-SELEX process. Aptamers have been selected that bind to periostin with nanomolar binding affinity (Kd: 1nM) and specificity. Furthermore, PNDA specifically binds to periostin which is expressed in breast cancer tissues and serum. In addition, PNDA treatment led to a reduction of integrin-mediated breast cancer cell migration and adhesion by 50%. Also, PNDA can significantly decrease activation of various components of integrin signal transduction pathways and their downstream effector molecules. Together, our data suggest that DNA aptamer targeting periostin may have potential as an agent to inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5190. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5190
Seek referral to a heart rhythm specialist for atrial fibrillation
Authors: R. J. Schilling
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Delamothe’s article on improvements in care for atrial fibrillation was ill informed and misleading.1 The attention now given to cardiac arrhythmias has been the result of at least 10 years’ hard work and pre-dated any interest by drug companies in the problem. Outrage expressed by patients that arrhythmia was completely ignored by …
Treatment of Acromegaly
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Acromegaly is the clinical expression of chronic secretion of excessive amounts of growth hormone. Its cardinal clinical manifestation is thickening of the skin, soft tissue, and bones of the hands and feet. It also causes thickening of these tissues throughout the body and enlargement of most viscera.The effects of hypersecretion of growth hormone are slowly progressive. Therefore, the course of acromegaly is usually insidious, but it ultimately results in considerable disability, in addition to the often cosmetically distressing acral enlargement and the accompanying need for larger rings, gloves, and shoes. Some of the disability results from tissue overgrowth; nasopharyngeal . . .
Medical Care of the Pregnant Patient
Authors: Robert L. Barbieri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes2 September 2008Medical Care of the Pregnant PatientRobert L. Barbieri, MDRobert L. Barbieri, MDFrom Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Medical Care of the Pregnant Patient2nd edition. Rosene-Montella K, Keely EJ, Lee RV, Barbour LA, eds. 600 pages. Philadelphia: American Coll of Physicians; 2007. $89.95. ISBN 9781930513860. Order at www.acponline.org.Field of medicine: Interface of obstetrics and internal medicine.Format: Hardcover book with CD-ROM.Audience: Physicians in internal medicine, family medicine, and obstetrics-gynecology, as well as nurse practitioners and certified nurse midwives.Purpose: To educate clinicians on how to improve the medical care they provide to pregnant women.Content: A comprehensive treatise on the approach to the pregnant woman with a medical problem.Highlights: The editors and authors have ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 September 2008Volume 149, Issue 5Page: 368KeywordsLabor and deliveryNursesPregnancySoftware tools ePublished: 2 September 2008 Issue Published: 2 September 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Generation of Dimethylnitrosamine in Water Purification Systems
Authors: Michael L. Simenhoff
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA), a carcinogen, was detected at levels up to 32 μg/L in dialysate from five of 16 dialysis units surveyed. Blood drawn from patients at one of these units in which DMNA was raised in the dialysate showed a significant increase in the amount of DMNA in the patient's blood when predialysis levels were compared with 15-minute intradialysis levels. The presence of a mixed-bed deionizer without an antecedent carbon filter appeared to be necessary for DMNA production. These data suggest that DMNA is generated in certain water purification systems and may then diffuse into the patient's blood. Guidelines for deionizer-treated water should be revised to include an activated carbon filter. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2020-2024)
The foot and leg in running sports
Authors: P. N. Sperryn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

84 30 seconds of maximal cycling exercise (MacDonald et al, 1983).This may be a result of a larger muscle mass being utilised during sprint running as compared to sprint cycling.The disturbance to blood glucose was particularly marked when one considers that the subjects were running for only 30 seconds.This may be a reflection of the influence of exercise-induced increases in catecholami-ne concentration (MacDonald et al, 1983;Brooks et al, 1985).In summary, the 30 second maximal sprint test on a non- motorised treadmill has proved a valuable and reliable model for the examination of the performance and metabolic responses of athletes to sprint running in a laboratory.The performance test did differentiate between the two groups of athletes, and with further modification, particularly to take into account the influence of body weight, it could provide a useful method for estimating the anaerobic power of individuals during sprint running.
Atypical and columnar cell lesions in breast needle biopsies for indeterminate microcalcifications: predictors of higher risk findings requiring surgical excision.
Authors: CT Albarracin, E Sigauke, G Whitman, WT Yang, E Resetkova, MM Johnson, CV Nguyen, N Sneige
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3004 Background: Columnar cell lesions (CCL) are frequently identified in biopsies performed for calcifications. The primary objective of this study is to identify histologic features of CCL in directional vacuum-assisted needle biopsies (DVAB) that could predict a higher risk lesion requiring excision.&amp;#x2028; Design: From June 2002 to January 2008, we retrieved the materials for 88 DVABs and their subsequent segmental resections. We excluded carcinomas, intraductal papillomas, fibroadenomas, adenosis, or radial scars. Using World Health Organization criteria, CCLs were classified as CCL with no atypia (CCL-NA), CCL with cytologic atypia (CCL-CA; flat epithelial atypia), or architectural atypia/atypical ductal hyperplasia (CCL-ADH) in the background of CCL. In cases with atypia, the involved terminal duct lobular units/ducts (TDLUs) were quantified. Atypical cases were separated two groups as follows: minimal ADH (≤2 TDLU and minimal cytologic atypia) and extensive ADH/borderline DCIS (≥3 TDLU and/or significant cytologic atypia bordering on DCIS).Radiographs were evaluated to assess amount of calcifications removed. Biopsy results were correlated with the subsequent surgical excision results.&amp;#x2028; Results: Eight of 88 biopsies were excluded because of overdiagnosis or because the lesions were not associated with microcalcifications. The remaining 80 biopsies included 5 cases of CCL-NA, 4 pure CCL-CA, 20 mixed CCL-CA + ADH and 51 pure CCL-ADH. Microcalcifications were identified in association with the targeted lesions. There were no higher risk findings in any of the resection specimens with CCL-NA and pure CCL-CA. Ten of the atypical lesions showed carcinoma on excision (9 DCIS and 1 invasive cancer). Twenty-five percent (9/36) extensive ADH/borderline DCIS showed carcinoma on excision. In contrast, only 2.5% (1/39) of minimal ADH cases showed carcinoma on excision. Radiologic review revealed residual abnormality in this one case.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: In summary, the extent of lobular involvement by atypia (CCL-CA or CCL-ADH) correlated with the presence or absence of higher risk lesions upon subsequent excision. These results suggest that additional surgery may not be necessary for CCL-CA or CCL-ADH that is limited to ≤ 2 foci provided sampling of the microcalcifications is adequate. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3004.