tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pre-ischaemic exogenous surfactant reduces pulmonary injury in rat ischaemia/reperfusion
Authors: C. Muhlfeld, I-M. Schaefer, L. Becker, C. Bussinger, M. Vollroth, A. Bosch, R. Nagib, N. Madershahian, J. Richter, T. Wahlers, T. Wittwer, M. Ochs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The optimal timing of exogenous surfactant application to reduce pulmonary injury and dysfunction was investigated in a rat lung ischaemia and reperfusion injury model. Lungs were subjected to flush perfusion, surfactant instillation, cold ischaemia (4°C, 4 h) and reperfusion (60 min). Animals received surfactant before (group 1) or at the end (2) of ischaemia, or during reperfusion (3) or not at all (4). Control groups included "worst case" without Perfadex and surfactant (5), "no injury" without (6) or with surfactant (7), and ischaemia with pre-ischaemic surfactant (8). Intra-alveolar oedema and blood–air barrier injury were estimated by light and electron microscopic stereology. Perfusate oxygenation and pulmonary arterial pressure (<i>P</i><sub>pa</sub>) were determined during reperfusion in groups 1 to 4. Intra-alveolar oedema was almost absent in groups 1, 6, 7 and 8, pronounced in 2, 3 and 4, and severe in 5. Blood–air barrier injury was moderate in groups 1 and 8, slightly pronounced in 2, 3 and 4, extensive in 5 and almost absent in 6 and 7. Perfusate oxygenation was significantly higher in group 1 compared with groups 2 to 4. <i>P</i><sub>pa</sub> did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, exogenous surfactant attenuates intra-alveolar oedema formation and blood–air barrier damage and improves perfusate oxygenation in the rat lung, especially when applied before ischaemic storage.
Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III Consensus Report
Authors: P Malfertheiner, F Megraud, C O'Morain, F Bazzoli, E El-Omar, D Graham, R Hunt, T Rokkas, N Vakil, E J Kuipers
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Guidelines on the management of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, which cover indications for management and treatment strategies, were produced in 2000. <b>Aims:</b> To update the guidelines at the European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG) Third Maastricht Consensus Conference, with emphasis on the potential of <i>H pylori</i> eradication for the prevention of gastric cancer. <b>Results:</b> Eradication of <i>H pylori</i> infection is recommended in (<i>a</i>) patients with gastroduodenal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and low grade gastric, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma; (<i>b</i>) patients with atrophic gastritis; (<i>c</i>) first degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer; (<i>d</i>) patients with unexplained iron deficiency anaemia; and (<i>e</i>) patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Recurrent abdominal pain in children is not an indication for a “test and treat” strategy if other causes are excluded. Eradication of <i>H pylori</i> infection (<i>a</i>) does not cause gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) or exacerbate GORD, and (<i>b</i>) may prevent peptic ulcer in patients who are naïve users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). <i>H pylori</i> eradication is less effective than proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment in preventing ulcer recurrence in long term NSAID users. In primary care a test and treat strategy using a non-invasive test is recommended in adult patients with persistent dyspepsia under the age of 45. The urea breath test, stool antigen tests, and serological kits with a high accuracy are non-invasive tests which should be used for the diagnosis of <i>H pylori</i> infection. Triple therapy using a PPI with clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole given twice daily remains the recommended first choice treatment. Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, if available, is also a first choice treatment option. Rescue treatment should be based on antimicrobial susceptibility. <b>Conclusion:</b> The global burden of gastric cancer is considerable but varies geographically. Eradication of <i>H pylori</i> infection has the potential to reduce the risk of gastric cancer development.
C-kit+ cardiac progenitors exhibit mesenchymal markers and preferential cardiovascular commitment
Authors: Elisa Gambini, Giulio Pompilio, Andrea Biondi, Francesco Alamanni, Maurizio C. Capogrossi, Marco Agrifoglio, Maurizio Pesce
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

The heart contains c-kit+ progenitors that maintain cardiac homeostasis. Cardiac c-kit+ cells are multipotent and give rise to myocardial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, both in vitro and in vivo. C-kit+ cells have been thoroughly investigated for their stem cell activity, susceptibility to stress conditions and ageing, as well as for their ability to repair the infarcted heart. Recently, expression of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers and MSC differentiation potency have been reported in cardiac progenitor cells. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that c-kit+ cells may have phenotypic and functional features in common with cardiac MSCs. Culture of cells obtained from enzymatic dissociation of heart auricle fragments produced a fast-growing fibroblast-like population expressing mesenchymal markers. C-kit+ cells co-expressing MSC markers were identified in this population, sorted by flow cytometry and cultured in the presence or the absence of unselected cardiac cells from the same patients. Subsets of c-kit+ cells also co-expressed MSCs markers in vivo, as detected by immunofluorescence analysis of auricle tissue. Ex vivo expanded c-kit+ cells produced osteoblasts and adipocytes, although less preferentially than bone marrow-derived MSCs, possessed vascular smooth muscle cell features and were induced to differentiate into endothelium-like and cardiac-like cells. In line with previous findings, our results indicate that c-kit+ cardiac progenitors are primitive stem cells endowed with multilineage differentiation ability. They further suggest a possible relationship between these cells and a heart-specific MSC population with cardiovascular commitment potential.
Corticosteroids for pain relief in sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: G. Hayward, M. Thompson, C. Heneghan, R. Perera, C. Del Mar, P. Glasziou
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To evaluate whether systemic corticosteroids improve symptoms of sore throat in adults and children.Systematic review and meta-analysis.Cochrane Central, Medline, Embase, Database of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), NHS Health Economics Database, and bibliographies.Percentage of patients with complete resolution at 24 and 48 hours, mean time to onset of pain relief, mean time to complete resolution of symptoms, days missed from work or school, recurrence, and adverse events.We included eight trials, consisting of 743 patients in total (369 children, 374 adults). 348 (47%) had exudative sore throat, and 330 (44%) were positive for group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus. In addition to antibiotics and analgesia, corticosteroids significantly increased the likelihood of complete resolution of pain at 24 hours (four trials) by more than three times (relative risk 3.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 5.1), and at 48 hours (three trials) to a lesser extent (1.7, 1.3 to 2.1). Corticosteroids (six trials) reduced mean time to onset of pain relief by more than 6 hours (95% confidence interval 3.4 to 9.3, P<0.001), although significant heterogeneity was present. The mean time to complete resolution was inconsistent across trials and a pooled analysis was not undertaken. Reporting of other outcomes was limited.Corticosteroids provide symptomatic relief of pain in sore throat, in addition to antibiotic therapy, mainly in participants with severe or exudative sore throat.
Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein in Relation to the Development of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexico City Diabetes Study
Authors: Thang S. Han, Naveed Sattar, Ken Williams, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando, Michael E.J. Lean, Steven M. Haffner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—Recent evidence suggests that C-reactive protein (CRP) may predict development of diabetes in Caucasian populations. We evaluated CRP as a possible risk factor of the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in a 6-year study of 515 men and 729 women from the Mexico City Diabetes Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Baseline CRP, indexes of adiposity, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA-IR]) were used to predict development of the metabolic syndrome, defined as including two or more of the following: 1) dyslipidemia (triglyceride ≥2.26 mmol/l or HDL cholesterol ≤0.91 mmol/l in men and ≤1.17 mmol/l in women; &amp;lt;35 and 40 mg/dl for men and women); 2) hypertension (blood pressure &amp;gt;140/90 mmHg or on hypertensive medication); or 3) diabetes (1999 World Health Organization criteria). RESULTS—At baseline, CRP correlated significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.001) with all metabolic indexes in women, but less so in men. After 6 years, 14.2% of men and 16.0% of women developed the metabolic syndrome. Compared with tertile 1, women with CRP in the highest tertile had an increased relative risk of developing the metabolic syndrome by 4.0 (95% CI 2.0–7.9) and diabetes by 5.5 (2.2–13.5); these risks changed minimally after adjusting for BMI or HOMA-IR. The area under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the prediction of the development of the syndrome was 0.684 for CRP, increasing to 0.706 when combined with BMI and to 0.710 for a complex model of CRP, BMI, and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS—CRP was not a significant predictor of the development of the metabolic syndrome in men. Our data strongly support the notion that inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of diabetes and metabolic disorders in women.
Epigenetic therapy overcomes treatment resistance in T cell prolymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Zainul S. Hasanali, Bikramajit Singh Saroya, August Stuart, Sara Shimko, Juanita Evans, Mithun Vinod Shah, Kamal Sharma, Violetta V. Leshchenko, Samir Parekh, Thomas P. Loughran, Elliot M. Epner
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Epigenetic drugs can overcome resistance to monoclonal antibodies in T-PLL and activate therapeutic targets for antibody-drug conjugates.
Nab-Paclitaxel with Platinum Chemotherapy as 7-Th Line in a Case with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yoshihisa Ishiura, Hideko Ikeda, Yasutaka Shiba, Hideko Hayase, Mayumi Hamada, Kazumi Maruyama, Chiemi Obata, Norikazu Hirokami, Kazuo Kasahara
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Prediction of Autism by Translation and Immune/Inflammation Coexpressed Genes in Toddlers From Pediatric Community Practices
Authors: Tiziano Pramparo, Karen Pierce, Michael V. Lombardo, Cynthia Carter Barnes, Steven Marinero, Clelia Ahrens-Barbeau, Sarah S. Murray, Linda Lopez, Ronghui Xu, Eric Courchesne
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

The identification of genomic signatures that aid early identification of individuals at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the toddler period remains a major challenge because of the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder. Generally, ASD is not diagnosed before the fourth to fifth birthday.To apply a functional genomic approach to identify a biologically relevant signature with promising performance in the diagnostic classification of infants and toddlers with ASD.Proof-of-principle study of leukocyte RNA expression levels from 2 independent cohorts of children aged 1 to 4 years (142 discovery participants and 73 replication participants) using Illumina microarrays. Coexpression analysis of differentially expressed genes between Discovery ASD and control toddlers were used to define gene modules and eigengenes used in a diagnostic classification analysis. Independent validation of the classifier performance was tested on the replication cohort. Pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses were used to confirm biological relevance of the functional networks in the classifier. Participant recruitment occurred in general pediatric clinics and community settings. Male infants and toddlers (age range, 1-4 years) were enrolled in the study. Recruitment criteria followed the 1-Year Well-Baby Check-Up Approach. Diagnostic judgment followed DSM-IV-TR and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule criteria for autism. Participants with ASD were compared with control groups composed of typically developing toddlers as well as toddlers with global developmental or language delay.Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used in a classification test to establish the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the module-based classifier.Our signature of differentially coexpressed genes was enriched in translation and immune/inflammation functions and produced 83% accuracy. In an independent test with approximately half of the sample and a different microarray, the diagnostic classification of ASD vs control samples was 75% accurate. Consistent with its ASD specificity, our signature did not distinguish toddlers with global developmental or language delay from typically developing toddlers (62% accuracy).This proof-of-principle study demonstrated that genomic biomarkers with very good sensitivity and specificity for boys with ASD in general pediatric settings can be identified. It also showed that a blood-based clinical test for at-risk male infants and toddlers could be refined and routinely implemented in pediatric diagnostic settings.
Prevalence of high blood cholesterol among US adults. An update based on guidelines from the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel
Authors: C. T. Sempos
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To estimate the current levels and trends in the proportion of US adults with high blood cholesterol based on guidelines from the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP II).Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.Data for 7775 participants 20 years of age and older from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (data collected from 1988 through 1991) and for 9797 participants 20 through 74 years of age from NHANES II (data collected from 1976 through 1980) were used.From the data collection period in NHANES II (1976 through 1980) to the period in NHANES III (1988 through 1991), the proportion of adults with high blood cholesterol levels (> or = 240 mg/dL [6.21 mmol bd) fell from 26% to 20%, while the proportion with desirable levels (< 200 mg/dL [5.17 mmol/L]) rose from 44% to 49%. Currently, using the ATP II guidelines and NHANES III data, 40% of all adults 20 years of age and older would require fasting lipoprotein analysis; and 29% of all adults would be candidates for dietary therapy (as compared with 36%, using NHANES II data). Based on 1990 population data, it is estimated that approximately 52 million Americans 20 years of age and older would be candidates for dietary therapy. Assuming that dietary intervention would reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 10%, as many as 7% of all adult Americans (approximately 12.7 million) might be candidates for cholesterol-lowering drugs. This estimate reflects approximately 4 million adults with established coronary heart disease, of whom half are aged 65 years and older, and up to 8.7 million adults without established coronary heart disease, of whom up to 3.1 million are aged 65 years and older.Substantial progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of high blood cholesterol; yet a large proportion of all adults, approximately 29%, require dietary intervention for high blood cholesterol.
Patients' decisions about whether or not to take antihypertensive drugs: qualitative study
Authors: J. Benson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To describe the ways in which patients taking antihypertensive drugs balance reservations against reasons for taking them. <b>Design:</b> Qualitative study using detailed interviews. <b>Setting:</b> Two urban general practices in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants:</b> Maximum variety sample of 38 interviewees receiving repeat perscriptions for antihypertensives. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Interviewees9 reservations about drugs and reasons for taking antihypertensives. <b>Results:</b> Patients had reservations about drugs generally and reservations about antihypertensives specifically. Reasons for taking antihypertensive drugs comprised positive experiences with doctors, perceived benefits of medication, and pragmatic considerations. Patients weighed their reservations against reasons for taking antihypertensives in a way that made sense for them personally. Some individual patients weighed different reservations against different reasons for taking antihypertensives. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients9 ideas may derive from considerations unrelated to the drugs9 pharmacology. Doctors who want their patients to make well informed choices about antihypertensives and to reach concordant decisions about prescribing should explore how individuals strike this balance, to personalise discussion of drug use.
Large lung bullae in marijuana smokers
Authors: M. K Johnson
Journal: Thorax (2000)

The case histories are presented of four men with multiple large upper zone lung bullae but otherwise relatively preserved lung parenchyma. Each had a history of significant exposure to marijuana. In three of the four cases the tobacco smoking load had been relatively small, suggesting a possible causal role for marijuana in the pathogenesis of this unusual pattern of bullous emphysema.
Stent Placement Compared With Balloon Angioplasty for Small Coronary Arteries
Authors: René Koning, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Philippe Commeau, Khalife Khalife, Martine Gilard, Janusz Lipiecki, Pierre Coste, Marc Bedossa, Thierry Lefèvre, Philippe Brunel, Marie-Claude Morice, Luc Maillard, Philippe Guyon, Jacques Puel, Alain Cribier
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Stenting has been demonstrated to be superior to balloon angioplasty in de novo focal lesions located in large native vessels. However, in small vessels, the benefit of stenting remains questionable. Methods and Results A total of 381 symptomatic patients with de novo focal lesion located on a small coronary segment vessel (&lt;3 mm) were randomly assigned to either stent implantation (192 patients; 197 lesions) or standard balloon angioplasty (189 patients; 198 lesions). The primary end point was the angiographic restenosis rate at 6 months, as determined by quantitative coronary angiography. On intention-to-treat analysis, angiographic success rate and major adverse cardiac events were comparable: 97.9% and 4.6% versus 93.9% and 5.8% in the stent group and the balloon group, respectively. After the procedure, a larger acute gain was achieved with stent placement (1.35±0.45 versus 0.94±0.47 mm, P =0.0001), resulting in a larger minimal lumen diameter (2.06±0.42 versus 1.70±0.46 mm, P =0.0001). At follow-up (obtained in 91% of patients), angiographic restenosis rate was 21% in the stent group versus 47% in the balloon group ( P =0.0001), a risk reduction of 55%. Repeat target lesion revascularization was less frequent in the stent group (13% versus 25%, P =0.0006). Conclusions Elective stent placement in small coronary arteries with focal de novo lesions is safe and associated with a marked reduction in restenosis rate and subsequent target lesion revascularization rate at 6 months.
Long-term effects of bosentan on quality of life, survival, safety and tolerability in pulmonary arterial hypertension related to connective tissue diseases
Authors: C P Denton, J E Pope, H-H Peter, A Gabrielli, A Boonstra, F H J van den Hoogen, G Riemekasten, S De Vita, A Morganti, M Dolberg, O Berkani, L Guillevin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> This study investigated the long-term effects of bosentan, an oral endothelin ET<sub>A</sub>/ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonist, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) exclusively related to connective tissue diseases (CTD). <h3>Methods:</h3> A total of 53 patients with PAH related to connective tissue diseases (PAH–CTD) in World Health Organization (WHO) functional class III received bosentan 62.5 mg twice a day for 4 weeks and then 125 mg twice a day for 44 weeks in this open non-comparative study. Assessments at weeks 16 and 48 included WHO class, clinical worsening, quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) modified for scleroderma), and survival (week 48 only). Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the study. <h3>Results:</h3> At week 48, WHO class improved in 27% of patients (95% CI 16–42%) and worsened in 16% (95% CI 7–29%). Kaplan–Meier estimates were 68% (95% CI 55–82%) for absence of clinical worsening and 92% (95% CI 85–100%) for survival. Overall changes in quality of life were minimal. There were no unexpected side effects observed during the study. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> In most patients, bosentan was associated with improvement or stability of clinical status. The 92% estimate for survival at 48 weeks is a significant achievement in this patient population.
Non-periodic leg pain in patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: A DINC
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterised by recurrent bouts of fever and peritonitis, pleuritis, arthritis or erysipelas-like skin disease. Between the episodes, FMF patients are free of symptoms and appear healthy.1 However, interestingly we observe leg complaints after prolonged standing or sitting, or both, in FMF patients, who usually experience these painful manifestations during evenings or after long distance bus trips. Thus we conducted a questionnaire study on 40 FMF patients (age, mean (SD); 21.6 (2.7) years; F: M, 2: 38) and 180 healthy male subjects (age, 21.3 (0.2) years) to ascertain the frequency of these complaints, and some of FMF patients were also included in a test to provoke these symptoms. Table 1 shows the questionnaire. Positive cases were also questioned for the presence of swelling or redness during these painful periods, and whether these complaints followed by an episode.

View this table:

Table 1 
Questionnaire on lower extremity complaints



Although 14 of …
Nucleotide Metabolism in Cardiac Activity
Authors: PHILIP A. KHAIRALLAH, W. F. H. M. MOMMAERTS
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

The application of ion-exchange chromatography for the determination of adenosine nucleotides in mammalian hearts is described. It is found that 1 gram ventricular muscle contains nearly 5 x 10 -6 mole of adenine nucleotides, presumably present as ATP in the relaxed heart in vivo. After isolation of the heart, breakdown of ATP takes place especially under anaerobic conditions, and the reaction products AMP and IMP diffuse into the medium. Effects upon these reactions of glucose, glutamic acid and excess potassium are suggested by preliminary experiments.