tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of injury in elite gaelic games
Authors: C Blake, J C Murphy, C Gissane, E O'Malley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Gaelic football and hurling are the national sports of Ireland. They are both high velocity, multidirectional, contact field games. To date, prospective injury data for these has been of short duration. Objective To describe the incidence and nature of sport-related injuries in elite male Gaelic football and hurling players over a 3 year period. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Elite-level county representative teams. Participants 16 male football and 16 hurling teams were tracked over the 2007–2009 seasons. Assessment of risk factors New injury diagnoses and classifications were recorded by the team physiotherapist or doctor onto the National GAA Injury Database, along with injury history and weekly team exposure to training and match hours. Main outcome measures Injury was defined as requiring 24 h time loss from training or match-play. Incidence rate was calculated as injuries/1000 h training and match-play. Results A total of 788 football and 671 hurling injuries were recorded. Incidence of injury/1000 h football training was 5.34 (2007), 3.67 (2008) and 3.37 (2009) and 5.13 (2007), 3.69 (2008) and 2.8 (2009) for hurling. Match-play injury rates were 97.0, 79.09 and 50.4/1000 h of football and 96.0, 87.4 and 46.5/1000 h of hurling. Lower limb injuries predominated (football: 74.2% to 76.7%; hurling: 68% to 70.5%). Hamstring injuries were the single most common injury overall (football: 17.4% to 25%, hurling: 15.7% to 16.5%). Upper limb injuries accounted for 9.2% to 14.7% of all football injuries and 16.6% to 24% of all hurling injuries. Muscle was the most frequently injured tissue (football: 38.3% to 45.8%; hurling: 35.5% to 42.2%) and fractures accounted for 3.3% to 5.3% football injuries and 6% to 7.9% hurling injuries. Conclusion These findings illustrate injury patterns in Gaelic football using a prospective methodology over consecutive seasons, thus providing a baseline from which injury prevention strategies can be evaluated.
Electroencephalographic Changes during Respiratory Cycles Predict Sleepiness in Sleep Apnea
Authors: Ronald D. Chervin, Joseph W. Burns, Deborah L. Ruzicka
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Common polysomnographic measures of sleep-disordered breathing have shown a disappointing ability to predict important consequences such as excessive daytime sleepiness. Using novel analytic techniques, this study tested the hypothesis that numerous, brief disruptions in cortical activity could occur on a breath-to-breath basis during nonapneic sleep. Spectral analysis proved the existence of respiratory cycle-related electroencephalographic changes in each of 38 adult patients evaluated by polysomnography for sleep-disordered breathing. Furthermore, the tendency for sigma (13-15 Hz) electroencephalographic power to vary with the respiratory cycle predicted next-day sleepiness as measured by the multiple sleep latency test. The predictive value was enhanced when the analysis was limited to those 27 patients who had sleep-disordered breathing (more than 5 apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep). In contrast, nocturnal rates of apneas and hypopneas, as well as minimal oxygen saturation, did not predict sleepiness as well. On average, sigma power increased notably during inspiration, whereas delta (1-4 Hz) power showed a simultaneous decrease. We conclude that electroencephalographic activity shows detectable changes during nonapneic respiratory cycles in adults evaluated for sleep-disordered breathing. Quantification of these changes, which may reflect numerous inspiratory microarousals, could prove useful in prediction of excessive daytime sleepiness.
Impact of initiating carvedilol before angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on cardiac function in newly diagnosed heart failure
Authors: Karen Sliwa, Gavin R. Norton, Ngalulawa Kone, Geoffrey Candy, John Kachope, Angela J. Woodiwiss, Carlos Libhaber, Pinhas Sareli, Rafique Essop
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Metapsychiatry: The Interface Between Psychiatry and Mysticism
Authors: STANLEY R. DEAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

After giving some historical background on psychic phenomena, including research on this subject by psychiatrists, the author sets forth ten distinguishing characteristics of the "ultraconscious summit." He suggests that if clinicians encourage patients to disclose any paranormal experiences and if data on these are collected and analyzed, then a rational breakthrough in this area might well occur.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Late Anthracycline Cardiac Toxicity in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Melissa M. Hudson, Shesh N. Rai, Cesar Nunez, Thomas E. Merchant, Neyssa M. Marina, Nia Zalamea, Cheryl Cox, Sean Phipps, Ronald Pompeu, David Rosenthal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines and cardiac radiation are at risk for late-onset cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to delineate the relationship between clinical factors and abnormalities of noninvasive cardiac testing (NICT). Patients and Methods Participants were recruited from a long-term follow-up clinic. Study measures comprised physical examination, laboratory evaluation, echocardiogram, and ECG. Mean fractional shortening (FS) and afterload were compared for survivors who did (at risk [AR]) and did not (no risk [NR]) receive potentially cardiotoxic modalities, and with values expected for comparable age- and sex-matched controls. Results The 278 study participants (mean age, 18.1 years; median age, 16.8 years; range, 7.5 to 39.7 years) included 223 survivors AR for cardiotoxicity after treatment with anthracyclines (median dose ± standard deviation [SD], 202 ± 109 mg/m 2 ) and/or cardiac radiation. Mean FS (± SD) was lower for AR (0.33 ± 0.06) compared with NR survivors (0.36 ± 0.05; P = .004) and normative controls (0.36 ± 0.04; P &lt; .001). Mean afterload (± SD) was higher for AR (58 ± 21 g/cm 2 ) compared with NR survivors (46 ± 15 g/cm 2 ; P &lt; .001) and normative controls (48 ± 13 g/cm 2 ; P &lt; .001). The distribution of FS and afterload among NR survivors did not differ from that of controls. After adjustment for age group at diagnosis and time since completion of therapy, anthracycline dose predicted decline in distribution of FS (P &lt; .001) and increase in distribution of afterload (P &lt; .001). Treatment with anthracycline doses ≥ 100 mg/m 2 increased the risk of abnormal NICT; survivors who received ≥ 270 mg/m 2 had a 4.5-fold excess risk of abnormal NICT (95% CI, 2.1 to 9.6) compared with controls. Conclusion Childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracycline doses ≥ 270 mg/m 2 are at greatest risk for abnormalities of FS and afterload.
Shield 1992-2012: 20 years of a reporting scheme for occupational asthma
Authors: Vicky Moore, Alastair Robertson, Emmet McGrath, Arun Dev Vellore, Sherwood Burge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

SHIELD is the Midland Thoracic Society9s rare surveillance scheme for occupational asthma in the West Midlands, England, UK (working population 2.2 million). The database is a useful tool to locate outbreaks within a particular field of work and discover causative agents. There have been 1644 notifications of occupational asthma since January 1992.  Isocyanates have been the commonest cause of occupational asthma over the last 20 years accounting for an average of 21% of all cases until 2005 when notifications dropped. Metal working fluid notification peaked in 2004 and 2005 due to a large outbreak in the manufacture of car engines; there has since been a smaller outbreak in another engineering works. Notification of occupational asthma to cleaning agents has risen in recent years. These include chlorine based products, products containing benzalkonium chloride and alcohol hand gels.  Chrome outbreaks have been related to stainless steel manufacture (welding and milling). Flour/amylase reports have risen in the last 2 years but cobalt, colophony and latex have remained at a low stable level. The latter agents are likely to remain low due to the availability of colopony-free solders and nitrile/vinyl gloves.  In summary, Shield remains a useful tool to identify occupational asthma outbreaks and trends in data. Although isocyanates remains the biggest offender, new causes are still being identified and old ones re-surfacing in different industries.
Nuclear magnetic resonance evaluation of metabolic and respiratory support of work load in intact rabbit hearts.
Authors: E D Lewandowski
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Pre-steady-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra can provide a nondestructive probe of metabolic events associated with the physiology of intact organs. Therefore, the relation between phosphorylation state and intermediary metabolism in rabbit hearts, oxidizing [2-13C]acetate, was examined with a combination of 31P and 13C NMR. Multiple enrichment of the tissue glutamate pool with 13C as an index of metabolic turnover within the tricarboxylic acid cycle was readily observed as a function of work load. Dynamic changes in pre-steady-state 13C spectra evolved according to work load and correlated closely to respiratory rate in rabbit hearts perfused 1) under normal conditions (n = 7), 2) at basal metabolic rates (20 mM KCl arrest, n = 5), 3) and at heightened contractile state (10(-7) M isoproterenol, n = 7). The ratio of signal intensity arising from the secondary labeling sites within glutamate (C-2 and C-3) to that of the initial labeling site (C-4) reached steady state within 8.5 minutes in isoproterenol-treated hearts versus 18.5 minutes in control hearts. Work load did not affect glutamate concentration or fractional enrichment at the C-4 position, although an unlabeled fraction of glutamate persisted. Arrested hearts displayed slowed evolution of steady-state 13C enrichment with increased contributions from anaplerotic sources for tricarboxylic acid intermediate formation (32%) as compared with control (9%). Thus, the response of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity to the demands of cardiac performance is likely to influence the recruitment of anabolic sources supplying the tricarboxylic acid cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endurance shuttle walking test: responsiveness to salmeterol in COPD
Authors: C. Brouillard, V. Pepin, J. Milot, Y. Lacasse, F. Maltais
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Few studies have shown that the endurance shuttle walking test (ESWT) is responsive to treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This exercise test needs to be further investigated because of its relevance for activity of daily living. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in patients with COPD, the responsiveness of the ESWT in detecting improvement in walking performance after a single dose of salmeterol. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 20 patients with COPD performed two ESWT at 80% of peak capacity 2.5 h after inhaling either a placebo or 50 µg of salmeterol. Cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored during each walking test. Inspiratory capacities and Borg ratings for dyspnoea were obtained every other minute throughout the tests. Compared with placebo, salmeterol produced a significant change in lung function and a significant improvement in walking performance (mean± sd difference in time: 117±20 s; difference in distance: 160±277 m). At isotime (the latest exercise time that was reached on both ESWT), a significant reduction in dyspnoea was observed after bronchodilation. Bronchodilation with salmeterol reduced dyspnoea during walking and improved walking capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These findings provide further support for the use of the endurance shuttle walking test as an evaluative tool in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Body Composition in Experimental Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Robert J. Adolph, Harry A. Bliss
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The bodies of four dogs with experimental congestive heart failure and of four normal dogs were homogenized. Analyses for water, fat, sodium, potassium, chloride, and nitrogen were carried out after discarding ascitic fluid in the animals with heart failure. Sodium and chloride concentrations were increased in dogs with heart failure. Otherwise the two groups did not differ significantly.
Bioartificial liver in acute liver failure: Impostor or simply misunderstood?
Authors: John O'Grady, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Objective: The HepatAssist liver support system is an extracorporeal porcine hepatocyte-based bioartificial liver (BAL). The safety and efficacy of the BAL were evaluated in a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial in patients with severe acute liver failure. Summary Background Data: In experimental animals with acute liver failure, we demonstrated beneficial effects of the BAL. Similarly, Phase I trials of the BAL in acute liver failure patients yielded promising results. Methods: A total of 171 patients (86 control and 85 BAL) were enrolled. Patients with fulminant/subfulminant hepatic failure and primary nonfunction following liver transplantation were included. Data were analyzed with and without accounting for the following confounding factors: liver transplantation, time to transplant, disease etiology, disease severity, and treatment site. Results: For the entire patient population, survival at 30 days was 71% for BAL versus 62% for control (P = 0.26). After exclusion of primary nonfunction patients, survival was 73% for BAL versus 59% for control (n = 147; P = 0.12). When survival was analyzed accounting for confounding factors, in the entire patient population, there was no difference between the 2 groups (risk ratio = 0.67; P = 0.13). However, survival in fulminant/subfulminant hepatic failure patients was significantly higher in the BAL compared with the control group (risk ratio = 0.56; P = 0.048). Conclusions: This is the first prospective, randomized, controlled trial of an extracorporeal liver support system, demonstrating safety and improved survival in patients with fulminant/subfulminant hepatic failure.
The Employment of the Lichen Cinereus Terrestris (of Ray) as a Preventive against Hydrophobia and Rabies
Authors: C. L. Prince
Journal: BMJ (1872)

likely to be the results of the operations.Each foot could be placed immediately, without difficulty, with the plantar surface at a right angle with the back of the leg.The internal border of the foot still pre- sented, although to a far less degree than before the operation, a certain A, is the Loft Astragalus, with a piece of the externial M\alleolus, B, loosely attached to it; c, the portion of the Scaphoid of the same side; while D represents the Astragalus of the right side, which was removed entire, and without injury.
Rapamycin reverses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of LEOPARD syndrome–associated PTPN11 mutation
Authors: Talita M. Marin, Kimberly Keith, Benjamin Davies, David A. Conner, Prajna Guha, Demetrios Kalaitzidis, Xue Wu, Jessica Lauriol, Bo Wang, Michael Bauer, Roderick Bronson, Kleber G. Franchini, Benjamin G. Neel, Maria I. Kontaridis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

LEOPARD syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant “RASopathy” that manifests with congenital heart disease. Nearly all cases of LS are caused by catalytically inactivating mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) gene that encodes the SH2 domain-containing PTP-2 (SHP2). RASopathies typically affect components of the RAS/MAPK pathway, yet it remains unclear how PTPN11 mutations alter cellular signaling to produce LS phenotypes. We therefore generated knockin mice harboring the Ptpn11 mutation Y279C, one of the most common LS alleles. Ptpn11Y279C/+ (LS/+) mice recapitulated the human disorder, with short stature, craniofacial dysmorphia, and morphologic, histologic, echocardiographic, and molecular evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Heart and/or cardiomyocyte lysates from LS/+ mice showed enhanced binding of Shp2 to Irs1, decreased Shp2 catalytic activity, and abrogated agonist-evoked Erk/Mapk signaling. LS/+ mice also exhibited increased basal and agonist-induced Akt and mTor activity. The cardiac defects in LS/+ mice were completely reversed by treatment with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR. Our results demonstrate that LS mutations have dominant-negative effects in vivo, identify enhanced mTOR activity as critical for causing LS-associated HCM, and suggest that TOR inhibitors be considered for treatment of HCM in LS patients.
Use of reactance to estimate transpulmonary resistance
Authors: M. K. Johnson, M. Birch, R. Carter, J. Kinsella, R. D. Stevenson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

This study examines the relationship of respiratory system resistance (R(rs)) and reactance (X(rs)) measured by forced oscillometry with transpulmonary resistance (R(L)) measured by oesophageal manometry. Simultaneous forced oscillometry using a single frequency of 5 Hz and oesophageal manometry were performed on five asthmatics during bronchoprovocation. The data obtained were used to derive prediction equations for R(L) from oscillometric parameters, which were tested on a further six asthmatics and 35 nonasthmatic subjects. In the first five asthmatic subjects, R(L) correlated more strongly with X(rs) than with R(rs). In the second set of asthmatics, R(L) ranged 0.0005-4.57 kPa.s.L(-1), with a median of 0.21 kPa.s.L(-1). The R(L) values predicted from X(rs) showed a mean+/-sd difference of -0.067+/-0.25 kPa.s.L(-1) compared with the values measured in this set of patients. X(rs) in subjects with other respiratory conditions appeared to follow the same relationship with R(L) as in asthmatics. Lumped element modelling suggested that the linear relationship between X(rs) and R(L) was a consequence of the increasing contribution of central and upper airway wall shunts as peripheral airway resistance rose, and that this effect was much larger than that due to changes in static elastance. In conclusion, the reactance of the respiratory system can predict transpulmonary resistance more accurately than can the resistance of the respiratory system.
Papillary Thyroid Cancer Incidence in the Volcanic Area of Sicily
Authors: Gabriella Pellegriti, Florent De Vathaire, Claudia Scollo, Marco Attard, Carla Giordano, Salvatore Arena, Gabriella Dardanoni, Francesco Frasca, Pasqualino Malandrino, Francesco Vermiglio, Domenico Massimo Previtera, Girolamo D'Azzò, Francesco Trimarchi, Riccardo Vigneri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

The steadily increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been attributed mostly to more sensitive thyroid nodule screening. However, various environmental factors, such as those associated with volcanic areas, cannot be excluded as risk factors. We evaluated thyroid cancer incidence in Sicily, which has a homogenous population and a province (Catania) that includes the Mt Etna volcanic area.In a register-based epidemiological survey, we collected all incident thyroid cancers in Sicily from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2004. The age-standardized incidence rate for the world population (ASR(w)) was calculated and expressed as the number of thyroid cancer diagnoses per 100 000 residents per year. The association of thyroid cancer incidence rate with sex, age, tumor histotype, and various environmental factors was evaluated by modeling the variation of the ASR(w). All statistical tests were two-sided.In 2002-2004, 1950 incident thyroid cancers were identified in Sicily (among women, ASR(w) = 17.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.9 to 18.7; and among men, ASR(w) = 3.7, 95% CI = 3.3 to 4.1). Although the percentage of thyroid cancers that were microcarcinomas (ie, < or = 10 mm) and ratio of men to women with thyroid cancer were similar in all nine Sicilian provinces, thyroid cancer incidence was statistically significantly higher in the province of Catania (among women, ASR(w) = 31.7, 95% CI = 29.1 to 34.3; and among men, ASR(w) = 6.4, 95% CI = 5.2 to 7.5) than in the rest of Sicily (among women, ASR(w) = 14.1, 95% CI = 13.2 to 15.0; and among men, ASR(w) = 3.0, 95% CI = 2.6 to 3.4) (all P values < .001). Incidence of papillary, but not follicular or medullary, cancers was statistically significantly increased in Catania province, and papillary tumors from patients in Catania more frequently carried the BRAF V600E gene mutation (55 [52%] of 106 tumors) than tumors from patients elsewhere in Sicily (68 [33%] of 205 tumors) (relative risk = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.8, P = .02). Cancer incidence was statistically significantly lower in rural areas than in urban areas of Sicily (P = .003). No association with mild iodine deficiency or industrial installations was found. Levels of many elements (including boron, iron, manganese, and vanadium) in the drinking water of Catania province often exceeded maximum admissible concentrations, in contrast to water in the rest of Sicily.Residents of Catania province with its volcanic region appear to have a higher incidence of papillary thyroid cancer than elsewhere in Sicily.
Interleukin-27 Acts as Multifunctional Antitumor Agent in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Claudia Cocco, Nicola Giuliani, Emma Di Carlo, Emanuela Ognio, Paola Storti, Manuela Abeltino, Carlo Sorrentino, Maurilio Ponzoni, Domenico Ribatti, Irma Airoldi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Multiple myeloma (MM) derives from plasmablast/plasma cells that accumulate in the bone marrow. Different microenvironmental factors may promote metastatic dissemination especially to the skeleton, causing bone destruction. The balance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity represents a critical issue in bone remodeling. Thus, we investigated whether interluekin-27 (IL-27) may function as an antitumor agent by acting directly on MM cells and/or on osteoclasts/osteoblasts.The IL-27 direct antitumor activity on MM cells was investigated in terms of angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, and chemotaxis. The IL-27 activity on osteoclast/osteoblast differentiation and function was also tested. In vivo studies were done using severe combined immunodeficient/nonobese diabetic mice injected with MM cell lines. Tumors from IL-27- and PBS-treated mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and PCR array.We showed that IL-27 (a) strongly inhibited tumor growth of primary MM cells and MM cell lines through inhibition of angiogenesis, (b) inhibited osteoclast differentiation and activity and induced osteoblast proliferation, and (c) damped in vivo tumorigenicity of human MM cell lines through inhibition of angiogenesis.These findings show that IL-27 may represent a novel therapeutic agent capable of inhibiting directly MM cell growth as well as osteoclast differentiation and activity.