tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toward a Genuinely Patient-Centered Metric of Depression Recovery
Authors: Joan Trujols, Maria J. Portella, Víctor Pérez
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Budesonide/Formoterol Combination Therapy as Both Maintenance and Reliever Medication in Asthma
Authors: Paul M. O'Byrne, Hans Bisgaard, Philippe P. Godard, Massimo Pistolesi, Mona Palmqvist, Yuanjue Zhu, Tommy Ekström, Eric D. Bateman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Asthma control is improved by combining inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting beta2-agonists. However, fluctuating asthma control still occurs. We hypothesized that in patients receiving low maintenance dose budesonide/formoterol (bud/form), replacing short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) reliever with as-needed bud/form would provide rapid symptom relief and simultaneous adjustment in antiinflammatory therapy, thereby reducing exacerbations. In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study, 2,760 patients with asthma aged 4-80 years (FEV1 60-100% predicted) received either terbutaline 0.4 mg as SABA with bud/form 80/4.5 microg twice a day (bud/form + SABA) or bud 320 microg twice a day (bud + SABA) or bud/form 80/4.5 microg twice a day with 80/4.5 microg as-needed (bud/form maintenance + relief). Children used a once-nocte maintenance dose. Bud/form maintenance + relief prolonged time to first severe exacerbation (p < 0.001; primary endpoint), resulting in a 45-47% lower exacerbation risk versus bud/form + SABA (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.44, 0.67) or bud + SABA (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval 0.43, 0.65). Bud/form maintenance + relief also prolonged the time to the first, second, and third exacerbation requiring medical intervention (p < 0.001), reduced severe exacerbation rate, and improved symptoms, awakenings, and lung function compared with both fixed dosing regimens.
Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial of Transobturator Tapes in Management of Urodynamic Stress Incontinence in Women: 3-Year Outcomes from the Evaluation of Transobturator Tapes Study
Authors: Mohamed Abdel-fattah, Alyaa Mostafa, Akinbowale Familusi, Ian Ramsay, James N'Dow
Journal: European Urology (2012)
The Influence of Pancreatic Secretions on the Fat Tolerance of Humans
Authors: NORBERT W. TIETZ, TOM A. BORDEN, JAMES C. HAMILTON, NORMA L. MURPHEY
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

A high fat meal was given to 78 volunteers. Total esterifled fatty acid, cholesterol, and lipase levels were determined in a fasting blood specimen and in specimens obtained 3 and 6 hours after the meal. Attempts were made to correlate the fat tolerance of the individual with the level of fat splitting enzymes in the various serum specimens. The influence of Pancreatic Hormone, whole pancreatic preparations, secretin, and heparin on the fat tolerance as well as on the lipase level was determined. Attempts were made to correlate the findings of fat tolerance and glucose tolerance tests done on the same individuals.
Hobson's Choice and the Need for Combinations of New Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: M. B. Sporn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

The excellent article by O’Regan, Jordan, and colleagues in this issue of the Journal (1) highlights the “Hobson’s Choice” currently available for clinical prevention or treatment of early breast cancer.In the 1600s, Thomas Hobson ran a large stable and rented horses at Cambridge University.He compelled customers to rent the one horse that happened to be nearest the stable door or go without—hence the term “Hobson’s Choice.” In current parlance, it has the connotation of an apparently free choice when there is no real alternative.Presently, we are faced with the clinical equivalent of a Hobson’s Choice if we wish to use more than one experimental drug for prevention or adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer.In spite of numerous animal studies that indicate that treatment with combinations of two or more drugs is most effective, our current clinical choice appears to be the selection of a single experimental drug, not the oppor
Polypoid melanoma is not rare
Authors: H.M. Shaw, J. F. Thompson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Polypoid melanoma is not rare Get access H.M. Shaw, H.M. Shaw Sydney Malenoma Unit, Missendeen Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. F. Thompson J. F. Thompson Sydney Malenoma Unit, Missendeen Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 2, 1 August 1996, Pages 333–334, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01181.x Published: 01 August 1996
We are all businesspeople now
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I was flat broke. At university I spent my summers working as many hours as I could in whatever job I could find. One summer I worked in a large Glasgow pub, pulling pints, remembering rounds, totting up orders in my head, clearing up vomit, cashing up, unblocking urinals, carrying cash to the night safe, and breaking up the occasional fight. At the end of the summer, the brewery’s regional manager asked me if I wanted to become a trainee pub manager. I phoned my dad who proffered some well chosen expletives as advice. This …
Scarring skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus are characterized by high numbers of skin-homing cytotoxic lymphocytes associated with strong expression of the type I interferon-induced protein MxA
Authors: J. Wenzel, M. Uerlich, E. Worrenkamper, S. Freutel, T. Bieber, T. Tuting
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Infiltrating T lymphocytes are considered to play a major pathological role in skin lesions of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), a cutaneous autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. Earlier histological studies revealed that the inflammatory infiltrate in CLE skin lesions is predominantly composed of T lymphocytes, with a slight predominance of CD4+ over CD8+ T cells, but failed to explain the development of scarring skin lesions, characteristic for chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (CDLE). Because recent investigations have highlighted the relevance of cytotoxic lymphocytes in autoimmune tissue destruction, we hypothesized that the scarring CDLE lesions might be caused by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.To analyse skin biopsies of 15 patients with CLE [10 female, five male; localized CDLE (lCDLE), n = 5; disseminated CDLE (dCDLE), n = 5, subacute CLE (SCLE), n = 5] and five control biopsies taken from healthy controls and to characterize the inflammatory infiltrate. Methods We used immunohistochemistry, including staining for the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B, the skin-homing molecule cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) and the protein MxA, which is specifically induced by type I interferons (IFNs).We found a strong coexpression of granzyme B and CLA on lesional lymphocytes of patients with scarring lCDLE and dCDLE, which was significantly enhanced when compared with nonscarring SCLE and healthy controls. The increased expression of granzyme B was closely associated with the lesional expression of the type I IFN-induced protein MxA.Our results provide evidence that type I IFNs and potentially autoreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes targeting adnexal structures are highly associated with scarring lupus erythematosus lesions and might be responsible for their scarring character.
Glycemic Variability: Both Sides of the Story
Authors: Antonio Ceriello, Eric S. Kilpatrick
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

### Case for a relationship between postprandial hyperglycemic variability and complication risk

In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, large prospective clinical studies have shown a strong relationship between time-averaged mean levels of glycemia as measured by HbA1c and diabetes complications (1). However, as reviewed elsewhere, in recent years several pieces of evidence have raised the possibility that glycemic instability may also contribute to the development of diabetes complications (2).

Also reviewed elsewhere, in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance the degree of glycemia 2 h after a glucose challenge is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease than fasting glycemia (3). In subjects already known to have type 2 diabetes, postprandial glycemia can have the same deleterious effect on the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (4). Furthermore, these findings have been supported by pathophysiological evidence demonstrating that acute fluctuations in glycemia can produce significant alterations in normal homeostasis, such as those of endothelial dysfunction and increased inflammation (3). Taken together, these data begin to explain how acute increases in glycemia may influence the development of cardiovascular disease.

However, the concept of glucose variability, even taking the above evidence into consideration, is more complex a phenomenon because it introduces the idea that multiple fluctuations of glycemia in the same individual could be more harmful than a simple episode of acute hyperglycemia or, indeed, chronic stable hyperglycemia.

#### Clinical evidence in diabetes.

An extensive evaluation of this concept has been done by Kilpatrick, Rigby, and Atkin (5), who first reported that glycemic instability is not a predictor of microvascular complications in patients from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), in particular retinopathy, and then reported that mean daily glucose as well as pre- and postprandial hyperglycemia (PPG) predicted cardiovascular disease in the same cohort (6). Interestingly, the same author more recently reported that HbA1c instability, rather than that of glucose, is a predictor of microvascular …
Bariatric Surgery Induces Weight Loss but Does Not Improve Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Matthias Lannoo, Bruno Dillemans, Yves Van Nieuwenhove, Steffen Fieuws, Chantal Mathieu, Pieter Gillard, André D’Hoore, Bart Van Der Schueren
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Brethauer et al. (1) report an improvement of glycemic control following bariatric surgery in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, the small sample size and limited time of follow-up of this latest and other previous reports preclude drawing firm conclusions (1–3).

We collected data from 22 patients with confirmed type 1 diabetes and BMI ≥35 kg/m2 from three Belgian bariatric surgery centers. Six patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy and 16 had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Overall, we compared BMI, glycemic control (as assessed by A1C), and daily insulin dose between pre- and postsurgery using a linear mixed model with a random patient and a fixed period effect. P values < 0.05 are considered significant. At each time point, mean ± SEM is given in Fig. 1. …
Abortion: Social Context, Psychodynamic Implications
Authors: Nada L. Stotland
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

A case report presented by a US psychoanalyst suggests that the trauma of reproductive loss, such as miscarriage of a wanted pregnancy, can trigger suppressed feelings associated with an earlier induced abortion. The patient entered psychoanalysis when she was a 24-year-old graduate student to address relationship problems. As a 19-year-old college student, she became pregnant and chose to have an induced abortion because she was not ready to make a permanent commitment to her boyfriend or to provide properly for a child. She reported feeling grateful at the time that motherhood was not imposed on women as punishment for being sexually active and that childbearing was a free choice. The patient married during psychoanalytic treatment and decided she wanted to have a child. She experienced a hydatiform molar pregnancy, following which memories of the abortion 10 years earlier began to surface in the analysis for the first time. Her grief about the recent pregnancy loss melded with emotions about the earlier abortion. Through the analytic relationship, the patient was able to experience and express this sadness. This case underscores the need for psychotherapists to ensure that the political importance of protecting women's right to reproductive choice does not obstruct the exploration of complex emotions that may be associated with a voluntary induced abortion.
Acute effects of heart laser on ischemic myocardium
Authors: N. Hattan, K. Ban, S. Abe, M.U. Mohammed, T. Sekka, Y. Sugio, Y. Shinozaki, Y. Onishi, E. Tanaka, S. Handa, H. Nakazawa, H. Mon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Long-term outcomes of autoimmune pancreatitis: a multicentre, international analysis
Authors: Phil A Hart, Terumi Kamisawa, William R Brugge, Jae Bock Chung, Emma L Culver, László Czakó, Luca Frulloni, Vay Liang W Go, Thomas M Gress, Myung-Hwan Kim, Shigeyuki Kawa, Kyu Taek Lee, Markus M Lerch, Wei-Chih Liao, Matthias Löhr, Kazuichi Okazaki, Ji Kon Ryu, Nicolas Schleinitz, Kyoko Shimizu, Tooru Shimosegawa, Roy Soetikno, George Webster, Dhiraj Yadav, Yoh Zen, Suresh T Chari
Journal: Gut (2012)

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a treatable form of chronic pancreatitis that has been increasingly recognised over the last decade. We set out to better understand the current burden of AIP at several academic institutions diagnosed using the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria, and to describe long-term outcomes, including organs involved, treatments, relapse frequency and long-term sequelae.23 institutions from 10 different countries participated in this multinational analysis. A total of 1064 patients meeting the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for type 1 (n=978) or type 2 (n=86) AIP were included. Data regarding treatments, relapses and sequelae were obtained.The majority of patients with type 1 (99%) and type 2 (92%) AIP who were treated with steroids went into clinical remission. Most patients with jaundice required biliary stent placement (71% of type 1 and 77% of type 2 AIP). Relapses were more common in patients with type 1 (31%) versus type 2 AIP (9%, p<0.001), especially those with IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (56% vs 26%, p<0.001). Relapses typically occurred in the pancreas or biliary tree. Retreatment with steroids remained effective at inducing remission with or without alternative treatment, such as azathioprine. Pancreatic duct stones and cancer were uncommon sequelae in type 1 AIP and did not occur in type 2 AIP during the study period.AIP is a global disease which uniformly displays a high response to steroid treatment and tendency to relapse in the pancreas and biliary tree. Potential long-term sequelae include pancreatic duct stones and malignancy, however they were uncommon during the study period and require additional follow-up. Additional studies investigating prevention and treatment of disease relapses are needed.
Should pulmonary embolism be suspected in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Authors: O. T Rutschmann, J. Cornuz, P.-A. Poletti, P.-O. Bridevaux, O. W Hugli, S. D Qanadli, A. Perrier
Journal: Thorax (2006)

The cause of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often difficult to determine. Pulmonary embolism may be a trigger of acute dyspnoea in patients with COPD.To determine the prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.123 consecutive patients admitted to the emergency departments of two academic teaching hospitals for acute exacerbation of moderate to very severe COPD were included. Pulmonary embolism was investigated in all patients (whether or not clinically suspected) following a standardised algorithm based on d-dimer testing, lower-limb venous ultrasonography and multidetector helical computed tomography scan.Pulmonary embolism was ruled out by a d-dimer value <500 microg/l in 28 (23%) patients and a by negative chest computed tomography scan in 91 (74%). Computed tomography scan showed pulmonary embolism in four patients (3.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2% to 8%), including three lobar and one sub-segmental embolisms. The prevalence of pulmonary embolism was 6.2% (n = 3; 95% CI, 2.3% to 16.9%) in the 48 patients who had a clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism and 1.3% (n = 1; 95% CI, 0.3% to 7.1%) in those not suspected. In two cases with positive computed tomography scan, the venous ultrasonography also showed a proximal deep-vein thrombosis. No other patient was diagnosed with venous thrombosis.The prevalence of unsuspected pulmonary embolism is very low in patients admitted in the emergency department for an acute exacerbation of their COPD. These results argue against a systematic examination for pulmonary embolism in this population.
Immunoglobulin G Fc Receptor FcγRIIIa 158 V/F Polymorphism Correlates With Rituximab-Induced Neutropenia After Autologous Transplantation in Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Wen-Kai Weng, Robert S. Negrin, Philip Lavori, Sandra J. Horning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Rituximab has been given after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for recurrent or refractory B-cell lymphoma with the goal of eradicating minimal residual disease. Our previous report showed that administration of two courses of rituximab after transplantation is feasible, with encouraging clinical outcomes after a short follow-up. However, neutropenia after the first or second post-transplantation rituximab treatment occurred in 52% of patients. We previously reported that polymorphisms of two immunoglobulin G Fc receptors predict rituximab response, presumably because of their role in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In the current report, we determine whether FcgammaR polymorphisms are correlated with clinical outcomes in 33 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received post-transplantation rituximab.Genomic DNA was used for FcgammaRIIIa V/F or the FcgammaRIIa H/R genotyping. The FcgammaR polymorphisms were then correlated with the incidence of rituximab-induced neutropenia, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS).The FcgammaRIIIa 158 V allele dose was correlated with a higher incidence of rituximab-induced neutropenia. The odds of neutropenia after the first or second post-transplantation rituximab increased three-fold with each V allele (robust z = 2.08, P = .038). The FcgammaRIIa polymorphism had no impact on rituximab-induced neutropenia. We did not observe a correlation of either FcgammaRIIIa or FcgammaRIIa polymorphism with EFS or OS.The high affinity FcgammaRIIIa 158 V allele is associated with rituximab-induced neutropenia after autologous transplantation. This is a potential tool to identify a high-risk population for developing neutropenia after antibody therapy.
Twenty-Year Transplant-Free Survival Rate Among Patients With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Willemien de Vries, Jenneke Homan–Van der Veen, Jan B.F. Hulscher, Josette E.H.M. Hoekstra–Weebers, Roderick H.J. Houwen, Henkjan J. Verkade
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Requirement of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for Hyperplasia Induced by E5, a High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Oncogene
Authors: Sybil M. Genther Williams, Gary L. Disbrow, Richard Schlegel, Daekee Lee, David W. Threadgill, Paul F. Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Multicellular organisms rely on complex networks of signaling cascades for development, homeostasis, and responses to the environment. These networks involve diffusible signaling molecules, their receptors, and a variety of downstream effectors. Alterations in the expression or function of any one of these factors can contribute to disease, including cancer. Many viruses have been implicated in cancer, and some of these modulate cellular signal transduction cascades to carry out their life cycles. High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the causative agents of most cervical and anogenital cancers, encode three oncogenes. One of these, E5, has been postulated to transform cells in tissue culture by modulating growth factor receptors. In this study, we generate and characterize transgenic mice in which the E5 gene of the most common high-risk HPV, HPV16, is targeted to the basal layer of the stratified squamous epithelium. In these mice, E5 alters the growth and differentiation of stratified epithelia and induces epithelial tumors at a high frequency. Through the analysis of these mice, we show a requirement of the epidermal growth factor receptor for the hyperplastic properties of E5.
Chronic amphotericin nephropathy
Authors: S N Heyman, I E Stillman, M Brezis, F H Epstein, K Spokes, S Rosen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

The two major hypotheses for the pathogenesis of amphotericin nephrotoxicity are direct interaction with epithelial cell membranes and vasoconstriction. Studies indicating the special vulnerability of the medullary ray and medulla to hypoxia led to a reexamination of amphotericin nephrotoxicity. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: amphotericin injection (5 mg/kg daily for 3 wk), amphotericin plus salt depletion, vehicle, and salt depletion and vehicle. The amphotericin group had polyuria (P < 0.01) but normal serum creatinine. In contrast, amphotericin plus salt depletion rats exhibited renal failure (creatinine of 1.49 +/- 0.05 versus amphotericin alone 0.98 +/- 0.01; P < 0.01). Semiquantitative histologic analysis of cortical and medullary injury correlated with functional impairment. Cortical changes in the amphotericin group were largely restricted to the medullary ray, where focal rupture and calcification of thick ascending limbs were noted. The S2/S3 tubules in the medullary rays showed focally diminished cell complexity with histiocytic/lymphocytic infiltration. However, calcification was also seen in the area of the macula densa. Morphometry revealed that the thick ascending limbs in the medulla were hypertrophied (1,420 +/- 63 versus 1,195 +/- 48 microns 2 for vehicle; P < 0.05). In contrast, in the amphotericin and salt depletion group, the changes in the medullary ray extended to the labyrinth and the thick ascending limbs in the inner stripe showed atrophic changes (772 +/- 23 microns 2; P < 0.01 versus vehicle). Thus, changes as a result of amphotericin toxicity take place both in areas known to be most vulnerable to hypoxia (medullary ray and medulla), and in areas rich in oxygen (adjacent to glomerulus). Salt depletion potentiates the cortical changes and converts medullary hypertrophy to atrophy. These findings support a dual pathogenesis for amphotericin nephropathy (direct toxicity and vasoconstriction).