tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Indian regulators are accused of laxity in not banning drugs
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors and health activists in India have said that they would welcome a government ban on the arthritis drug rofecoxib but warned that there are other drugs withdrawn elsewhere in the world but still sold and prescribed in India.

They pointed out last week that Indian drug regulatory authorities have refused to ban the sale of 11 other drugs and over 80 combinations of drugs that have been discarded or have never been approved in many countries.

After the drug company Merck's recent announcement of the worldwide withdrawal of rofecoxib (Vioxx) ( BMJ 2004;329:816, 9 October) Indian drug officials said that they would examine Indian data on adverse reactions to decide …
Identifying Individuals at High Risk for Diabetes
Authors: Maria Inês Schmidt, Bruce B. Duncan, Heejung Bang, James S. Pankow, Christie M. Ballantyne, Sherita H. Golden, Aaron R. Folsom, Lloyd E. Chambless
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To develop and evaluate clinical rules to predict risk for diabetes in middle-aged adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities is a cohort study conducted from 1987–1989 to 1996–1998. We studied 7,915 participants 45–64 years of age, free of diabetes at baseline, and ascertained 1,292 incident cases of diabetes by clinical diagnosis or oral glucose tolerance testing. RESULTS—We derived risk functions to predict diabetes using logistic regression in a random half of the sample. Rules based on these risk functions were evaluated in the other half. A risk function based on waist, height, hypertension, blood pressure, family history of diabetes, ethnicity, and age was performed similarly to one based on fasting glucose (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.71 and 0.74, respectively; P = 0.2). Risk functions composed of the clinical variables plus fasting glucose (AUC 0.78) and additionally including triglycerides and HDL cholesterol (AUC 0.80) performed better (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Evaluation of scores based on the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program or with slight variations showed AUCs of 0.75 and 0.78, respectively. Rules based on all these approaches, while identifying 20–56% of the sample as screen positive, achieved sensitivities of 40–87% and specificities of 50–86%. CONCLUSIONS—Rules derived from clinical information, alone or combined with simple laboratory measures, can characterize degrees of diabetes risk in middle-aged adults, permitting preventive actions of appropriate intensity. Rules based on the metabolic syndrome are reasonable alternatives to rules derived from risk functions.
Hydrochlorothiazide and Myalgias
Authors: Nagesh G. Kavi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1988Hydrochlorothiazide and MyalgiasNagesh G. Kavi, MD, Charles E. Mengel, MDNagesh G. Kavi, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Charles E. Mengel, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-84 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Hydrochlorothiazide is a commonly used diuretic and antihypertensive agent. Mild muscular symptoms with weakness, easy fatigability, and occasional cramps are common adverse reactions associated with this medication. These symptoms are often attributed to the presence of hypokalemia (1). Muscle spasm and muscular aches are also potential adverse reactions (2). We treated a patient who apparently had an unusually severe reaction to hydrochlorothiazide typified by an acute debilitating myalgic syndrome and chills.A 57-year-old black man, known to be hypertensive, had been treated the previous year with hydrochlorothiazide and methyldopa with satisfactory control of his blood pressure. He...References1. McMahon F. Diuretics—the thiazide, thiazide-like, and loop diuretics. In: Management of Essential Hypertension—The New Low-Dose Era. 2nd ed. New York: Futura Publishing Company, Inc.; 1984:75-155. Google Scholar2. Physician's Desk Reference. 42nd ed. Oradell, New Jersey: Medical Economics Company, Inc.; 1988:1347-8. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nagesh G. Kavi, MD; Charles E. Mengel, MDAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Leavenworth, KS 66048 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMyopathy Associated with Atorvastatin-Ezetimibe Combination TherapyDiuretic drugs 1 July 1988Volume 109, Issue 1Page: 84-84KeywordsAdverse reactionsBlood pressureDiureticsMusclesMyalgiaPain ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
385. Gene Correction in the Absence of DNA Repair: A Universal Model Involving Homologous Pairing and DNA Replication
Authors: Hetal Parekh-Olmedo, Erin Brachman, Eric B. Kmiec
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Our laboratory has been studying the mechanism and regulation of targeted gene repair in mammalian cells. Using a robust cell line where the genomic correction frequencies average 1%, we have been able to modulate the process of DNA replication and observe its effect on the gene repair reaction. In our hands, gene correction occurs predominantly in S phase cells especially when the movement of the replication fork is delayed. Reminiscent of its role in homeologous recombination, several labs, including ours, have observed that the mismatch repair pathway appears to interfere with gene repair activity. Taking all of these observations into consideration, we now propose a universal model for gene repair in which the oligonucleotide becomes incorporated into the newly synthesized daughter strand at or near a stalled replication fork. Assimilation of the oligonucleotide creates a single mismatched base pair which, in the case of a MMR-deficient cell line, is tolerated through a single round of replication. During a second round, the replication machinery uses the oligonucleotide as the parental template and synthesizes the second strand of a fully converted allele. This model explains a multitude of unrelated observations that surround the variability of this technique. The integrated model of gene repair will be presented with examples from yeast and mammalian cells that strongly support its validity.
Treating type 2 diabetes in elderly people may do more harm than good, study finds
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Drugs to reduce blood sugar levels can do more harm than good in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, a study has reported.

Researchers from University College London and the University of Michigan in the United States used data from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study, a 20 year study of type 2 diabetes treatments involving more than 5000 people in the United Kingdom. They modelled the net gains or losses to quality of life associated with treatments for lower blood sugar and calculated additional impacts on quality of life from published medical evidence on the burden, safety, and efficacy of different treatments. 

Specifically, the researchers looked at the effectiveness of diabetes treatments …
Rap1 promotes VEGFR2 activation and angiogenesis by a mechanism involving integrin αvβ3
Authors: Sribalaji Lakshmikanthan, Magdalena Sobczak, Changzoon Chun, Angela Henschel, Jillian Dargatz, Ramani Ramchandran, Magdalena Chrzanowska-Wodnicka
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Role of Endoscopy in the Correct and Rapid Positioning of Feeding Tubes
Authors: E.M.H. Mathus-Vliegen, G.N.J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

The recognition of the importance of the enteral route for (hyper) alimentation led us to develop three methods for enteral placement of feeding tubes using endoscopic techniques. With these three treatment modalities it was possible to carry out enteral administration of nutrients in a group of patients, in whom otherwise only total parenteral feeding or enteral feeding by needle catheter jejunostomy was considered feasible. The use of endoscopic equipment permitted correct placement of tubes beyond the stomach either in the duodenum, at the ligament of Treitz or into the jejunum. Also simultaneous distal feeding combined with proximal intestinal drainage in the case of fistula, perforation, anastomotic leakage, or gastric dysfunction was achieved using this endoscopic approach.
Inhibition of protein kinase Cε prevents hepatic insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Varman T. Samuel, Zhen-Xiang Liu, Amy Wang, Sara A. Beddow, John G. Geisler, Mario Kahn, Xian-man Zhang, Brett P. Monia, Sanjay Bhanot, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is strongly associated with hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the molecular signals linking hepatic fat accumulation to hepatic insulin resistance are unknown. Three days of high-fat feeding in rats results specifically in hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance. In this setting, PKCepsilon, but not other isoforms of PKC, is activated. To determine whether PKCepsilon plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance, we treated rats with an antisense oligonucleotide against PKCepsilon and subjected them to 3 days of high-fat feeding. Knocking down PKCepsilon expression protects rats from fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance and reverses fat-induced defects in hepatic insulin signaling. Furthermore, we show that PKCepsilon associates with the insulin receptor in vivo and impairs insulin receptor kinase activity both in vivo and in vitro. These data support the hypothesis that PKCepsilon plays a critical role in mediating fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance and represents a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
Re: Puppo P, Introini C, Calvi P, Naselli A. Long term results of excision of small renal cancer surrounded by a minimal layer of grossly normal parenchyma: review of 94 cases. Eur Urol 2004;46:477–81
Authors: Marco Carini, Alberto Lapini, Andrea Minervini, Sergio Serni
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Glans Resurfacing for the Treatment of Carcinoma In Situ of the Penis: Surgical Technique and Outcomes
Authors: Majid Shabbir, Asif Muneer, Jas Kalsi, Chitranjan J. Shukla, Evangelos Zacharakis, Giulio Garaffa, David Ralph, Suks Minhas
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Surface particls on leukaemic lymphocytes.
Authors: H K Narang
Journal: BMJ (1973)

it has alone the theoretical advantage of inducing immnune tolerance,' has a suppressive effect on experimental autoimmune disease,2 and is more effective than other alkylating agents in suppressing antibody production.3Accepting the fact that patients may be too few for a controlled trial, I feel that patients given treatment of this type should have frequent scientific assessment of the activity of their disease.In the case of S.L.E.one might expect a record of frequent estimations of a2-globulins, complement components, cryoglobulins, serum DNA, and RNA antibodies, as well as L.E. cells and antinuclear factor.
Proangiogenic neutrophilic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells emerge via two parallel pathways in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma
Authors: Jennifer Ko, Patricia Rayman, Dana Obery, Daniel Lindner, Ernest Borden, James Finke
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Targeted therapy including anti-angiogenic therapy, kinase inhibitors, and immunotherapy dominate cancer drug development in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and malignant melanoma (MM), where traditional methodologies have failed. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) may represent a
Environmental Asbestotic Pleural Plaques in Northeast Corsica: Correlations with Airborne and Pleural Mineralogic Analysis
Authors: F. Rey, C. Boutin, J. R. Viallat, J. Steinbauer, P. Alessandroni, P. Jutisz, D. Di Giambattista, M. A. Billon-Galland, P. Hereng, P. Dumortier, P. De Vuyst
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We report a prevalence study of environmental pleural plaques in subjects over 50 years old from the northeastern Corsican village of Murato, built on asbestos surface deposits. The percentage of plaques was 41%, versus 7.5% in the control village of Vezzani. Although surface deposits contain both chrysotile and tremolite, airborne pollution and asbestos lung burden of exposed inhabitants consist essentially of tremolite as assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, TEM analysis of the parietal pleura of three animals bred in exposed areas showed a predominance of short fibers of chrysotile. The respective roles of tremolite and chrysotile in inducing pleural plaques in Corsica should thus be considered.—Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 5):251–252 (1994)
Health technology assessments: what do differing conclusions tell us?
Authors: F. B. Kristensen, A. Gerhardus
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Analysis of national decisions on HPV vaccination shows the value of greater exchange, agreement on core methods, and increased collaboration between Europe’s health technology assessment agencies, say <b>Finn Børlum Kristensen</b> and <b>Ansgar Gerhardus</b>
Hemophilic Pseudotumor of Bone
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Hemarthrosis is one of the more common and disabling complications of hemophilia. The condition is recurrent more often than not, tends to occur especially in the knees, and eventuates in chronic arthritis. Involvement of bones has been reported less frequently, which adds interest to a report by Jensen and Putman in the current issue of<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>(129:717-719, 1975). The authors report the case of a 21-year-old man, a known hemophiliac since he was 3 months old, who was admitted to the hospital for treatment of acute hemorrhage into his left knee and right hip. A chest roentgenogram, incidentally obtained, disclosed an expansile, destructive lesion in the proximal part of the left clavicle. Only then, on reexamination, was the head of the left clavicle noted to be larger than that of the right clavicle, and only then did the patient recall being struck in the chest
Developing Professional Judgement in Health Care
Authors: R. L Cruess
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Della Fish, Colin Coles Heinemann, £17.99, pp 318 ISBN 0 7506 3123 6

Many people believe that the accomplishments of modern science have tilted the balance of health care away from art towards science. Attempts have been made to redress this by defining practice in other than scientific terms and by proposing actions to promote the art of medicine.

Some of the most successful attempts have been those of Schon ( The Reflective Practitioner , 1983; Educating the Reflective Practitioner , 1987). Building on Schon's work, these authors focus on the art of medicine, almost denying any role for science.

They contend that professional practice can be characterised in …
Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Microbiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Features
Authors: Richard V. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Diarrhea is a common complaint and a book discussing the mechanisms and clinical management of infectious diarrhea would be a useful addition to the clinician's library; Drs DuPont and Pickering have written such a monograph. The title is more inclusive than the contents: they have not discussed antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis, infestation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by metazoan parasites, or infections of the GI tract by sexually transmitted organisms or tuberculosis. The book has a succinct discussion of host-factors influencing susceptibility to, and expression of, infectious diarrhea. The reviews of diarrhea caused by enterotoxin-producing organisms and viruses are comprehensive and accompanied by excellent reference lists. Food-borne diarrheal syndromes and recently recognized agents such as<i>Campylobacter</i>and<i>Yersinia</i>are only briefly discussed in the chapter on epidemiology. In many parts of the world, the physician responsible for the investigation of epidemic diarrhea has no special training in infectious diseases and
latrogenic Obstructive Jaundice Caused by the Balloon of a Foley Catheter
Authors: FIKRI M. ABU ZIDAN, M S KUMAR, IBRAHIM M. HASSAN, MAHMOUD SAMHAN, SALAH DADAH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A rare kind of obstructive jaundice caused by compression on the common bile duct due to an inflated Foley catheter balloon placed in the duodenum after Suguira surgery for bleeding esophageal vesicles secondary to portal hypertension is presented. After deflating the balloon, the obstruction was relieved. Tc-99m HIDA studies were helpful in the diagnosis of obstruction of the common bile duct and the response following the deflation.
1108-123 The effect of eplerenone on markers of cardiac fibrosis: Insights from EPHESUS
Authors: Faiez Zannad, Jean-Marie Ketelslegers, Ernesto L Schiffrin, Gordon Williams, Susan Garthwaite, Weizhong He, Rajiv Patni, Bertram Pitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
RT-34 * USE OF HELICAL TOMOTHERAPY FOR HYPOFRACTIONATED TREATMENT OF LIMITED BRAIN METASTASES IN THE INITIAL AND RECURRENT SETTING: A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE
Authors: A. Walker, A. Elson, J. Bovi, C. Schultz
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), or both are commonly employed in the treatment of limited brain metastases in the initial or recurrent setting. Hypofractionated partial volume irradiation is also employed, however published experience using helical TomoTherapy for this purposes is limited. We reviewed our institutional experience to assess patient selection factors, fractionation scheme, and outcomes associated with this technique. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate patients treated with partial volume hypofractionated helical TomoTherapy-based IMRT for brain metastases at our institution. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (7M/6F, median age 62, median KPS 90) with a limited (1-9) number of brain metastases in the primary or recurrent setting were identified. Primary malignancies included colorectal (3), NSCLC (5), RCC (1), breast (1), melanoma (1), uterine (1) and ovarian (1). The median time from initial diagnosis to identification of brain metastases was 21 months (range 0-61.3 months). Treatment was delivered to intact metastases in 6 patients, to a single resection cavity in 6 patients, and to both in one patient. The median number of intact metastases treated was 2 (range 1-9). The most common fractionation schemes were 25 Gy in 5 fractions and 27.5 Gy in 5 fractions to each lesion. Previous treatments included WBRT (5), WBRT + SRS (3), SRS alone (1), and none (4). At a median of 6 months follow up (range 1.26-20.13 months) after TomoTherapy, 10 patients were deceased, 2 were alive, and one was lost to follow up. Systemic progression occurred in 7 patients and intracranial progression occurred in 5. The median intracranial progression free survival and overall survival after TomoTherapy was 6.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: TomoTherapy-based hypofractionated radiotherapy to a limited number of metastatic lesions is associated with favorable intracranial disease control and survival outcomes in the primary and recurrent setting for select patients.
A prospective multicenter international randomized trial comparing infarct artery stenting alone with infarct artery stenting plus abciximab in acute myocardial infarction: Principal report of the Abciximab and Carbostent Evaluation (ACE) trial
Authors: David Antoniucci, Alfredo Rodriguez, Albrecht Hempel, Angela Migliorini, Guido Parodi, Antonio L. Bartorelli, Antonio Colombo, Giobanni M. Santoro, Guia Moschi, Renato Valenti, Leonardo Bolognese, Maurizio Trapani, Cesar F. Vigo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Effect of intense angiotensin II suppression on the diuretic response to furosemide during chronic ACE inhibition.
Authors: J M Good, A J Brady, F H Noormohamed, C M Oakley, J G Cleland
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Contrary to expectation, most studies have demonstrated that initiation of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in conventional doses in patients with heart failure reduces the diuretic efficacy of furosemide. Recently, it has been suggested that single low doses (1 mg) but not high doses (25 mg) of captopril enhance furosemide-induced diuresis. It is not known whether the interaction between diuretics and ACE inhibitors are altered during long-term dosing. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight patients with heart failure treated with diuretics and ACE inhibitors for at least 3 months were studied. All patients were established on captopril 12.5 mg three times daily for 2 weeks before the study. Sodium intake was fixed before the study, and usual medication was withheld on study days. Intravenous furosemide was given on each of 2 study days to maintain a moderate, constant diuresis. Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined using clearance techniques, and urine was collected hourly over 4 hours. Captopril 12.5 mg or placebo was given in a randomized, single-blind fashion at the end of the first hour. Compared with placebo, captopril reduced plasma concentrations of angiotensin II (23 +/- 18 versus 4 +/- 3 pg/ml 1 hour after dosing, P &lt; .02) and systolic (131 +/- 31 versus 122 +/- 29 mm Hg, P &lt; .01) and diastolic (74 +/- 15 versus 67 +/- 13 mm Hg, P &lt; .05) blood pressures. GFR fell (55 +/- 24 versus 51 +/- 22 mL/min, P &lt; .02) and effective renal plasma flow rose during the first (198 +/- 76 versus 231 +/- 49 mL/min) and second hours after dosing (185 +/- 69 versus 247 +/- 74 mL/min, P &lt; .02). Similarly, urine volumes, in response to furosemide, increased after captopril (238 +/- 90 versus 283 +/- 111 mL, P &lt; .05, and 245 +/- 78 versus 311 +/- 92 mL, P &lt; .01, 1 and 2 hours after dosing). Urinary electrolyte concentrations fell, but total urinary sodium (22 +/- 7 versus 28 +/- 12 mmol/hr, P &lt; .01) and chloride (20 +/- 6 versus 25 +/- 11 mmol/hr, P &lt; .05) excretion increased in the 2 hours after dosing, as did fractional excretion of sodium (urinary sodium/urinary creatinine) (61 +/- 27 versus 75 +/- 36 mmol/mumol, P &lt; .01). CONCLUSIONS Intense although transient ACE inhibition with captopril enhances the diuretic effects of furosemide during long-term ACE inhibition.
Young less tolerant of mentally ill than the old
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A survey of public attitudes in Britain, conducted by the Royal College of Psychiatrists as part of its Changing Minds campaign against stigma, shows that stigmatising opinions about mental illness are more common among young people than older people.

Professor Michael Gelder, emeritus professor of psychiatry at the University of Oxford, presented the unpublished findings at a conference jointly organised by the Royal …
Sr2+ Binding to the Ca2+ Binding Site of the Synaptotagmin 1 C2B Domain Triggers Fast Exocytosis without Stimulating SNARE Interactions
Authors: Ok-Ho Shin, Jeong-Seop Rhee, Jiong Tang, Shuzo Sugita, Christian Rosenmund, Thomas C. Südhof
Journal: Neuron (2003)