tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Metastatic Parathyroid Carcinoma With Tc-99m Sestamibi Imaging
Authors: SAIF AL-SOBHI, LUAI H. ASHARI, STIG INGEMANSSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: To assess the use of Tc-99m sestamibi to localize recurrent and metastatic parathyroid carcinoma. Methods: A patient with a history of parathyroid carcinoma that was resected 6 months before had high serum calcium and high serum parathyroid hormone levels. Tc-99m sestamibi imaging was performed to localize the recurrence. Results: Tc-99 sestamibi imaging detected the recurrence and the metastatic lymph nodes. These findings were confirmed surgically and pathologically. Conclusion: Tc-99m sestamibi can be useful in diagnosing and localizing metastatic parathyroid carcinoma.
<i>Gestalt</i> view of the limbic system and the Papez circuit – another approach to unity and diversity of brain structures and functions
Authors: Hans J. Markowitsch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The idea of distinct brain systems for the processing of episodic and other forms of memory is welcome. The two brain systems actually proposed however, appear to be stripped of further existing connections and could be integrated with one another. If integrating them, it seems more logical to propose one enlarged system of limbic structures whose individual components make partly different contributions to the forms of memory under discussion.
Betrayal in blue pinstripe?
Authors: K. Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Not long after Labour's first landslide victory, I attended a lecture by someone from the Department of Health. It was a rather odd experience. The DoH apparatchik had the appearance one would expect from superimposing all the features of an identikit box: a sort of homogenised Warren Beatty. His prose had the same sort of rather amorphous allure. Both speaker and speech would not have looked out of place in the colour supplements, between an in depth profile of …
Predicting the Fallout from <i>King v. Burwell</i> — Exchanges and the ACA
Authors: Nicholas Bagley, David K. Jones, Timothy Stoltzfus Jost
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

If the Supreme Court rules that Americans buying health insurance from federally run exchanges don't qualify for ACA subsidies, states without state-established exchanges will face insurance-market destabilization, and it will be hard to pick up the pieces.
HIV-1 Actively Replicates in Naive CD4+ T Cells Residing within Human Lymphoid Tissues
Authors: Daniel A Eckstein, Michael L Penn, Yael D Korin, Deirdre D Scripture-Adams, Jerome A Zack, Jason F Kreisberg, Mario Roederer, Michael P Sherman, Peggy S Chin, Mark A Goldsmith
Journal: Immunity (2001)
The 3′ Enhancer CNS2 Is a Critical Regulator of Interleukin-4-Mediated Humoral Immunity in Follicular Helper T Cells
Authors: Yohsuke Harada, Shinya Tanaka, Yasutaka Motomura, Yasuyo Harada, Shin-ichiro Ohno, Shinji Ohno, Yusuke Yanagi, Hiromasa Inoue, Masato Kubo
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Landmark article July 9, 1960: Closed-chest cardiac massage. By W. B. Kouwenhoven, James R. Jude, and G. Guy Knickerbocker
Authors: W. B. Kouwenhoven
Journal: JAMA (1984)

When cardiac arrest occurs, either as standstill or as ventricular fibrillation, the circulation must be restored promptly; otherwise anoxia will result in irreversible damage. There are two techniques that may be used to meet the emergency: one is to open the chest and massage the heart directly and the other is to accomplish the same end by a new method of closed-chest cardiac massage. The latter method is described in this communication. The closed-chest alternating current defibrillator<sup>1</sup>that was developed in our laboratories has proved to be an effective and reliable means of arresting ventricular fibrillation. Its counter-shock must be sent through the chest promptly, or else cardiac anoxia will have developed to such a degree that the heart will no longer be able to resume forceable contractions without assistance. Our experience has indicated that external defibrillation is not likely to be followed by the return of spontaneous heart
Effect of gas density on respiratory sounds.
Authors: H Pasterkamp, I Sanchez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The generation of normal lung sounds by turbulent air flow has been questioned because gas density appears to have only a minor effect. We studied whether gas density has a greater influence on lung sounds at higher frequencies than traditionally measured. Six healthy adult men breathed air followed by a mixture of 80% helium and 20% oxygen (He-O2) at a target flow of 1.5 L/s. Flow and sounds at the trachea and posterior right lower lobe were simultaneously acquired by computer. Fourier analysis was applied to sounds at target flow +/- 0.2 L/s. Average power spectra were computed for each recording site, respiratory phase, and respired gas. He-O2 reduced the power of inspiratory lung sounds below 300 Hz by only 1.7 +/- 1.5 dB whereas power between 300 and 600 Hz was reduced by 4.6 +/- 1.4 dB (p<0.05). Tracheal sound power was reduced less consistently but all subjects showed an upward frequency shift in power maxima on He-O2, similar to formant shifts observed in helium speech. Our findings suggest that flow turbulence is the major determinant of lung sounds at higher frequencies. Current instruments for auscultation and recording of respiratory sounds may have to be modified to optimize their response in this higher frequency range.
Military Misconduct and Homelessness Among US Veterans Separated From Active Duty, 2001-2012
Authors: Adi V. Gundlapalli, Jamison D. Fargo, Stephen Metraux, Marjorie E. Carter, Matthew H. Samore, Vincent Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Journal: JAMA (2015)

This study used Veterans Health Administration data to investigate the association between misconduct-related separations and homelessness among recently returned active-duty US military service members.
JAK2 V617F mutation analysis in different myeloid lineages (granulocytes, platelets, CFU-MK, BFU-E and CFU-GM) in essential thrombocythemia patients
Authors: L Florensa, B Bellosillo, C Besses, E Puigdecanet, B Espinet, E Pérez-Vila, R Longarón, R M Vilà, F Solé, S Serrano
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Donald S. Baim
Journal: JAMA (1992)

While angioplasty was initially thought only to compress plaque, the dominant mechanism is now known to be fracture of plaque and plastic deformation of the vessel wall. Such plaque fractures are evident angiographically (as intimal filling defects or dissection) in most successful dilatations, without interfering with antegrade flow or vessel healing. In 5% of angioplasty attempts, however, local dissection leads to abrupt closure of the dilated vessel—inhibition of antegrade flow with profound myocardial ischemia.<sup>1</sup>Most closure events become apparent before the patient leaves the cardiac catheterization laboratory, although a small number occur within 24 hours. Since there was initially no way to reverse abrupt closure, it was critical to perform all angioplasties with cardiac surgical standby so that prompt bypass might limit myocardial infarction. Even with an available operating room, however, it was rare to institute cardiopulmonary bypass within 1 hour of the onset of ischemia. Although half of
Critical care management of patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Sophie Buyse, Luis Teixeira, Lionel Galicier, Eric Mariotte, Virginie Lemiale, Amélie Seguin, Philippe Bertheau, Emmanuel Canet, Adrienne de Labarthe, Michaël Darmon, Michel Rybojad, Benoit Schlemmer, Elie Azoulay
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Israeli doctors warn against rubber bullets
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rubber bullets should not be considered a safe method of crowd control, Israeli doctors have argued after a review of the use of rubber bullets by Israeli police against Palestinians showed a high number of injuries and some deaths.

Rubber bullets were used for the first time by British forces in Northern Ireland in 1970. They were intended to inflict superficial, painful injuries, deterring demonstrators from further action but avoiding the risk of serious injury and death associated with conventional bullets.

However, a retrospective study of 595 casualties admitted to hospitals in Israel during …
Enhanced endothelial adhesiveness in hypercholesterolemia is attenuated by L-arginine.
Authors: P S Tsao, L M McEvoy, H Drexler, E C Butcher, J P Cooke
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND We have shown that chronic administration of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine normalizes NO-dependent vasodilation and markedly inhibits atherogenesis in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model. We hypothesized that this antiatherogenic effect is due to modulation of endothelial adhesiveness by endothelium-derived NO. METHODS AND RESULTS New Zealand White rabbits were fed normal chow (Cont), a high-cholesterol diet (Chol), a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with L-arginine (Arg), or a normal diet supplemented with the NO synthase antagonist L-nitroarginine (L-NA) for 2 weeks. In additional studies, some animals receiving L-NA were also treated with hydralazine to normalize blood pressure. After 2 weeks, thoracic aortas were harvested, opened longitudinally, and placed in a culture dish with the endothelial surface exposed to medium containing WEHI 78/24 cells, a monocytoid cell line. After incubation with the monocytoid cells for 30 minutes on a rocking platform, the aortic segments were washed repeatedly to remove nonadherent cells and adherent cells counted by epifluorescent microscopy. Monocytoid cell binding to aortic endothelium was significantly increased in Chol (P &lt; .001 versus Cont); binding was markedly reduced in arginine-fed hypercholesterolemic animals (P &lt; .05, Arg versus Chol). Monocytoid cell binding to aortic endothelium was also significantly increased in L-NA (P &lt; .05); hydralazine normalized blood pressure but did not reduce monocytoid cell binding. To confirm that alterations in NO activity modulate endothelial cell-monocyte interaction, the release of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by thoracic aortas was assessed by a chemiluminescent technique. The concentration of NOx in the conditioned medium from segments of Arg thoracic aortas was significantly greater than that from Cont aortas, whereas that from L-NA aortas was significantly less. CONCLUSIONS Hypercholesterolemia enhances the adhesiveness of aortic endothelium for monocytes; this effect is attenuated by dietary L-arginine. Conversely, inhibition of NO synthesis enhances monocyte binding. The results suggest that endothelium-derived NO plays an important role in regulating the endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes. Alterations in NO activity may play a critical role in atherogenesis.
Quantitative aspects in the assessment of liver injury.
Authors: G L Plaa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Liver function data are usually difficult to use in their original form when one wishes to compare the hepatotoxic properties of several chemical substances. However, procedures are available for the conversion of liver function data into quantal responses. These permit the elaboration of dose-response lines for the substances in question, the calculation of median effective doses and the statistical analysis of differences in liver-damaging potency. These same procedures can be utilized for estimating the relative hazard involved if one compares the liver-damaging potency to the median effective dose for some other pharmacologie parameter. Alterations in hepatic triglycerides, lipid peroxidation, and the activities of various hepatic enzymes can also be quantitiated in a dose-related manner. This permits the selection of equitoxic doses required for certain comparative studies and the selection of doses in chemical interaction studies. The quantitative problems involved in low-frequency adverse reactions and the difficulty these present in the detection of liver injury in laboratory animals are discussed.
THE PHYSICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY BASIS OF MARRIAGE.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The perpetuation of a custom is dependent on the ordinary laws of evolution. Marriage as a union of the sexes and the basis of the family, the primary unit of society, is perpetuated by the action of both physical and psychic factors. It is my purpose to consider one of these physical factors only, the influence of the venereal diseases in initiating and perpetuating monogamy. The two great venereal diseases, syphilis and gonorrhea, are well recognized as producing sterility or at least diminishing fertility. These diseases are ever contagious and generally spread through the sexual act. The sexual union of adolescents is never attended by gonorrhea and only by inherited syphilis unless one of the parties was previously infected. Such a healthy union is most prolific. After venereal disease has been acquired by either party the fertility of both is likely to be diminished. In the earliest stages of society
Creative thinkers sought to lead innovation in the NHS in England
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

NHS England has launched a plan to recruit a selection of the world’s “leading thinkers and innovators” to help accelerate innovation in the UK health service.

Applications are being invited to apply for the NHS Innovation Fellowship, a new scheme that will appoint around 15 to 20 individuals each year to work with clinicians …
Operative Endoscopy Today
Authors: L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

Operative endoscopy permits therapeutic measures to be carried out that spare the patient major surgery. In its narrower sense, operative endoscopy was "inaugurated" with total biopsy of polyps. A complication occasionally seen with polyp-ectomies, namely haemorrhage, provided the impetus for developing endoscopic haemostasis using the laser beam and the electro-hydro probe. The possibility of cannulating the papilla of Vater and carrying out ERCP permitted the endoscopist not only to visualize concrements in the common bile duct, presenting as filling defects in the contrast material column-but also, when in a prepapillary location, to feel them with the tip of the catheter. The prepapillary concrement was, as it were, a sort of provocation for the diagnostic endoscopist. His response was to construct a simple papillotome, with the aid of which the roof of the papilla of Vater could be slit. In general, after papillotomy bile duct stones pass spontaneously, or can be extracted. In principle it is possible to destroy stones which cannot pass by employing pressure waves in the common bile duct induced by spark discharge in a liquid medium, or to reduce them in size by means of locally introduced dissolving agents. A relatively new branch of operative endoscopy involves interventions that might be described as prosthetic endoscopy. This includes the passing of plastic tubes down an oesophagus constricted by tumor growth, and the introduction of drainage tubes into the biliary system. Foreign body extraction, concerned primarily with swallowed objects located in the stomach, is an older but still very useful possibility of operative endoscopy.
Comparative Evaluation of Tc-99m Cystine and Tc-99m MAG3 in Normals and Patients With Renal Functional Impairment
Authors: Mridula Misra, Prasanta K. Pradhan, Kakali De, Susmita Chandra, Birendra K. Das
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Tc-99m cystine has been proved to be a good renal agent in animals for morphologic as well as the functional status of the kidney. In this study, we compared Tc-99m cystine with Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine, which is used for evaluation of renal function in normal patients, and those with various degrees of renal functional impairment. The clearance values and static images are compared with Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine. The results show that Tc-99m cystine has good radiopharmaceutical characteristics suitable for evaluation of both renal function as well as morphology.
METABOLIC DEFICIENCY AS A POSSIBLE FACTOR IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC STATES
Authors: Erwin Wexberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

1. Sixty-two patients were studied in whom organic disease of the central nervous system was probably induced, at least in part, by metabolic deficiency. Mental symptoms were present in 25 of these cases. 2. The deficiency is termed a "neurometabolic crisis." It may be caused by absolute or relative avitaminosis, by starvation of various origins or by endocrine factors. 3. Causation of the mental symptoms in certain cases is outlined, schematically, as a complex system of vicious circles, in which the two factors of anxiety and metabolic imbalance both play a part. 4. In view of our personal good results in such cases, a high-vitamin diet is recommended for tentative trial not only in acute or subacute psychoses characterized by delirium and amentia, but also in acute episodes of the organic-reaction type which occur in the course of schizophrenic and manic-depressive psychosis.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS OF IODIDS
Authors: EARL D. OSBORNE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

I shall present here a summary of the results of certain studies of the pharmacology and therapeutics of iodids carried on in the Section on Dermatology and Syphilology of the Mayo Clinic during the last two years. Detailed accounts of methods and data covering each phase of the work will be published later. Throughout these studies the method of Kendall<sup>1</sup>for the determination of iodin has been scrupulously followed. The advantages of this method are numerous, chief among which are its delicacy and accuracy with minute amounts of iodin, and, therefore, its adaptability to small amounts of blood and spinal fluid. <h3>ADMINISTRATION BY MOUTH</h3> It is well known that small doses of iodids by mouth are rapidly absorbed and eliminated. The recent use of massive doses of iodids has raised the question of whether large doses are absorbed proportionately and, if they are absorbed, whether the iodid is excreted
Wilhelm Meyer Memorial
Authors: F. Semon, J. R. Reynolds, C. Heath, T. Barr, H. T. Butlin, W. B. Cheadle, A. E. Cumberbatch, W. B. Dalby, G. P. Field, C. E. Fitzgerald, D. Grant, F. d. H. Hall, G. MacDonald, U. Pritchard, E. Smith, P. Smyly, W. M. Whistler, W. Williams, E. C. Baber, Ch. A. Ballance
Journal: BMJ (1895)
Leishmania Repression of Host Translation through mTOR Cleavage Is Required for Parasite Survival and Infection
Authors: Maritza Jaramillo, Maria Adelaida Gomez, Ola Larsson, Marina Tiemi Shio, Ivan Topisirovic, Irazú Contreras, Randi Luxenburg, Amy Rosenfeld, Rodney Colina, Robert W. McMaster, Martin Olivier, Mauro Costa-Mattioli, Nahum Sonenberg
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Protein Abnormalities in Neuromuscular Diseases—Part 2
Authors: W. King Engel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>Tissue Protein Deficiency</h3> Phosphorylase in Muscle Phosphorylase Deficiency Dr. Engel: The first example of tissue protein deficiency is illustrated by a 52-year-old woman who had progressive muscle weakness and wasting in the proximal-limb and trunk regions from age 48, but she was apparently quite normal up to that time (Fig 12). Clinical and laboratory studies indicated that she had a disease of muscle, that is, a myopathy. Known causes of myopathy beginning in her age group, such as collagen-vascular disease and distant neoplasia, could not be found by careful studies. At that point the diagnosis appeared to be the most common one in female patients of her age group—namely, late-onset myopathy, cause unknown. The muscle biopsy confirmed that there was a myopathy, evidenced by disruption of the internal architecture of the muscle fibers and increased connective tissue around individual muscle fibers. However, an additional finding turned up. Routine histochemistry revealed
Bronchoscopic Investigation in Cases of Haemoptysis
Authors: J. E. G. McGibbon, E. T. Baker-Bates
Journal: BMJ (1937)

of insulin twice daily.The blood sugar fell to 0.162 and then to 0.081 gram per 100 c.cm.; later it returned to 0.25 gram per 100 c.cm., and remained about this figure for six weeks.With insulin discontinued but the diet kept the same the blood sugar seven days later was 0.286 and fourteen days later 0.304 gram per 100 c.cm.Two months later the fasting blood sugar was 0.19 gram per 100 c.cm.This patient later went to India, and the last I heard of her was a rather indignant letter from her doctor asking why insulin had been discontinued, and by the next mail an urgent message from her husband asking for instructions, as a determined attempt to get her sugar-free was making heM very ill.In this case, as in many others, insulin did produce a temporary reduction of blood sugar, but this was followed later by a rise to a higher level than before she came under treatment.Evidently the effect of insulin had been to increase storage for a time until the warehouses had reached the limit of their capacity, when the blood sugar returned to its old level.Other Considerations I could quote many such instances in which arteriosclercsis, retinitis, or cataract has often been the principal feature, and bearing in mind the success of liver therapy in the cases associated with pernicious anaemia I have used it on them too, and believe I have seen a clinical improvement, although I have not been able to demon- strate any marked fall in the blood-sugar level.Before leaving this matter I would refer to the subject of arterio- sclerotic heart disease, and particularly to coronary thrombosis.Here a moderate glycosuria is common, and lowering of the blood sugar either by carbohydrate starvation or by insulin undoubtedly aggravates the disease.Any reduction of the blood-sugar level to the region of 0.1 gram per 100 c.cm. gives rise to symptoms of vague ill-health, and the optimum figure may be two or three times the normal.It is in these cases particularly that insulin must be used with great caution, and if we blindly try to achieve a laboratory ideal there is a grave risk of sudden death.Race, too, has an important bearing, and the arteriosclerotic type is often seen in Jews.Diabetes mellitus often appears in the Jewish race, but the cases are nearly always past middle life, and the acute pancreatic type with acetonuria is very uncommon.Usually the disease itself is mild, and they first come under observation for cataract, retinitis, or hyperpiesis rather than for glycosuria.The response to insulin is