tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rabies in North America and Europe
Authors: C. J Finnegan, S. M Brookes, N. Johnson, J. Smith, K. L Mansfield, V. L Keene, L. M McElhinney, A. R Fooks
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Rabies is caused by infection with a negative-stranded RNA virus within the Lyssavirus genus (family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales), mainly transmitted via saliva following a bite from an infected animal. Transmission may also occur through mucous membranes, but not through intact skin. The main source of infection from domestic reservoir species is dogs and cats.

There are seven rabies virus (RV) genotypes, six of which have similar effects in man; the exception is genotype 2, which has never been isolated in human cases. The main genotypes of interest for the purpose of this review are 1, 5 and 6. Genotype 1 viruses have a worldwide distribution and are generally found in terrestrial animals. Genotypes 5 and 6, commonly known as European bat lyssaviruses (EBLs), are restricted in distribution to Europe and are frequently isolated from European bats. Genotype 1 viruses have never been isolated from European bats.

Rabies can probably infect most if not all mammals. The virus enters the central nervous system of the new host, causing an encephalomyelitis which is always fatal once symptoms develop. The manifestations in human cases include spasms, hallucinations, hydrophobia, aerophobia, dysphasia, paralysis and coma. Extreme agitation and convulsions can be interspersed with periods of lucidity. World wide, the disease causes many thousands of human deaths each year. The World Health Organization (WHO) World Survey of Rabies for the year 1997 gave an estimate of between 35 000 and 50 000 annually1. Gross under-reporting is likely because many countries lack the necessary diagnostic facilities; also, the populations most affected tend to be rural (especially in developing countries) with erratic notification systems. African and Asian countries are particularly affected because of their animal reservoirs and the lack of healthcare and control measures. The subject has been thoroughly reviewed by King and Turner2. Here we focus on human rabies in North America and Europe.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis disrupts intestinal barrier integrity through hematopoietic TLR-2 signaling
Authors: Camille Jung, Ulrich Meinzer, Nicolas Montcuquet, Elodie Thachil, Danielle Château, Raphaële Thiébaut, Maryline Roy, Ziad Alnabhani, Dominique Berrebi, Monique Dussaillant, Eric Pedruzzi, Sophie Thenet, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Frederick Barreau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Intestinal barrier function requires intricate cooperation between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. Enteropathogens are able to invade the intestinal lymphoid tissue known as Peyer's patches (PPs) and disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. In mice infected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, we found that PP barrier dysfunction is dependent on the Yersinia virulence plasmid and the expression of TLR-2 by hematopoietic cells, but not by intestinal epithelial cells. Upon TLR-2 stimulation, Y. pseudotuberculosis–infected monocytes activated caspase-1 and produced IL-1β. In turn, IL-1β increased NF-κB and myosin light chain kinase activation in intestinal epithelial cells, thus disrupting the intestinal barrier by opening the tight junctions. Therefore, Y. pseudotuberculosis subverts intestinal barrier function by altering the interplay between immune and epithelial cells during infection.
Does B7-1 expression confer antigen-presenting cell capacity to tumors in vivo?
Authors: A Y Huang, A T Bruce, D M Pardoll, H I Levitsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Tumors engineered to express the costimulatory molecule B7-1 can elicit CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-dependent antitumor responses in immunocompetent mice. It has been postulated that this result reflects direct priming of CTL by the modified tumor in vivo. Previous studies of the immune response to a B7-1- murine colon carcinoma expressing influenza nucleoprotein (NP) as a model tumor antigen have demonstrated the crucial role of bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the priming of NP-specific CTL in vivo. In this system, no evidence of direct CTL priming by tumor was detected. We have performed a similar analysis to determine if B7-1 transfectant of this tumor results in the direct priming of CTL, and to compare this response to that primed by host APCs. When H-2b--&amp;gt;H-2bxd bone marrow chimeras were immunized with a single injection of CT26/NP/B7-1 (H-2d), NP-specific CTL were detected that were restricted to the bone marrow haplotype (H-2b), but not to the tumor haplotype. In contrast, CTL recognizing the NP antigenic epitope in the context of the tumor's major histocompatibility complex were detectable only after multiple immunizations. These results suggest that whereas B7-1+ tumor vaccines result in some degree of direct presentation to CD8+ T cells, the dominant mechanism of CTL priming is through the uptake and presentation of tumor antigens by bone marrow-deprived APCs. However, repeated immunization with B7-1+ tumor cells can efficiently expand the directly primed CD8+ CTL population.
Asthma, eosinophilic pleuropneumonia, and pericarditis without vasculitis.
Authors: J M Van den Bosch, S S Wagenaar, C J Westermann
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The combination of asthma, pulmonary infiltrates, blood eosinophilia, and disease of the pleura or pericardium is rare.Two patients are reported who showed these features, but who lacked evidence of vasculitis.
Therapeutic DC vaccination with IL-2 as a consolidation therapy for ovarian cancer patients: a phase I/II trial
Authors: Soyoung Baek, Yong-Man Kim, Sung-Bae Kim, Choung-Soo Kim, Seog-Woon Kwon, YongMan Kim, HyunSoo Kim, Hyunah Lee
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Comparison of Positron Emission Tomography Scanning and Sentinel Node Biopsy in the Detection of Micrometastases of Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: K.M. Acland, C. Healy, E. Calonje, M. O’Doherty, T. Nunan, C. Page, E. Higgins, R. Russell-Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a surgical technique for detecting micrometastatic disease in the regional draining nodes. 2-fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning is an imaging technique that can detect clinically undetectable metastases. This prospective study was undertaken to compare the sensitivity of FDG-PET scanning with SNB in the detection of micromatastatic malignant melanoma.Fifty consecutive patients (23 women, 27 men; mean age, 53 years) with primary melanoma >1 mm thick or lymphatic invasion were recruited (mean, 2.41 mm). Primary lesions had been narrowly excised (<1 cm). Patients underwent PET scanning followed by SNB, using a dual technique. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was used to identify the draining basin. Lymph nodes were examined histologically and immunostained for S100 and HMB 45.The sentinel node (SN) was identified in all patients. Fourteen patients (28%) had positive SNBs, including eight patients with melanoma <1.5 mm thick. In none of these 14 patients did PET scans identify metastatic disease in the SN or draining basin. In seven patients, the PET scans were positive in other locations, and in four cases, this was suspicious of metastatic disease. However, no patient has developed recurrent melanoma (mean follow-up, 15 months). All patients with positive SNBs underwent therapeutic lymph node dissection. Further lymph node involvement was found in two patients (primary lesions, 1.3 mm and 3.5 mm thick).This study demonstrates the limitations of FDG-PET scanning in staging patients with primary melanoma. SNB is the only reliable method for identifying micrometastatic disease in the regional draining node.
Complement C4 Inhibits Systemic Autoimmunity through a Mechanism Independent of Complement Receptors Cr1 and Cr2
Authors: Zhibin Chen, Sergei B. Koralov, Garnett Kelsoe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

The complement system enhances antibody responses to T-dependent antigens, but paradoxically, deficiencies in C1 and C4 are strongly linked to autoantibody production in humans. In mice, disruption of the C1qa gene also results in spontaneous autoimmunity. Moreover, deficiencies in C4 or complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/CR2) lead to reduced selection against autoreactive B cells and impaired humoral responses. These observations suggest that C1 and C4 act through CR1/CR2 to enhance humoral immunity and somehow suppress autoimmunity. Here we report high titers of spontaneous antinuclear antibody (ANA) in C4−/− mice. This systemic lupus erythematosus–like autoimmunity is highly penetrant; by 10 mo of age, all C4−/− females and most males produced ANA. In contrast, titers and frequencies of ANA in Cr2−/− mice, which are deficient in CR1 and CR2, never rose significantly above those in normal controls. Glomerular deposition of immune complexes (ICs), glomerulonephritis, and splenomegaly were observed in C4−/− but not Cr2−/− mice. C4−/−, but not Cr2−/−, mice accumulate activated T and B cells. Clearance of circulating ICs is impaired in preautoimmune C4−/−, but not Cr2−/−, mice. C4 deficiency causes spontaneous, lupus-like autoimmunity through a mechanism that is independent of CR1/CR2.
Co-cultures of multiple cell types mimic pulmonary cell communication in response to urban PM10
Authors: E. Alfaro-Moreno, T. S. Nawrot, B. M. Vanaudenaerde, M. F. Hoylaerts, J. A. Vanoirbeek, B. Nemery, P. H. M. Hoet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The current authors evaluated whether a system of co-cultures of relevant cells (pneumocytes (A549), macrophages (THP-1), mast cells (HMC-1) and endothelial cells (EAHY926)) would mimic the responses to particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm (PM 10 ) previously reported in vivo . The role of mast cells was considered of special interest. Single cultures, bicultures (A549 + HMC-1 in a 10:1 ratio; THP-1 + HMC-1 in a 2:1 ratio) and tricultures (A549 + THP-1 + HMC-1 in a 10:2:1 ratio) were exposed to urban PM 10 (24 h at 0, 10, 30 or 100 µg·cm −2 ). Additionally, EAHY926 cells were introduced in inserts above the tricultures. The released cytokines were evaluated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter array system. THP-1 + HMC-1 bicultures and the tricultures released more granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and MIP-1α in response to PM 10 than the sum of the single cultures. Tricultures with EAHY926 released more G-CSF, MIP-1α, IL-8 and MIP-1β than the EAHY926 single culture. The bicultures, tricultures and tricultures with EAHY926 provide results that are consistent with the local and systemic effects previously described for particulate matter effects, i.e. inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and bone marrow cell mobilisation. Mast cells seem to play a significant role in the co-culture responses.
Health resource consumption and costs attributable to chemotherapy-induced toxicity in German routine hospital care in lymphoproliferative disorder and NSCLC patients
Authors: B.J. Paessens, C. von Schilling, K. Berger, M. Shlaen, C. Müller-Thomas, R. Bernard, C. Peschel, A. Ihbe-Heffinger
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
A polymorphism in the VKORC1 gene is associated with an interindividual variability in the dose-anticoagulant effect of warfarin
Authors: Giovanna D'Andrea, Rosa Lucia D'Ambrosio, Pasquale Di Perna, Massimiliano Chetta, Rosa Santacroce, Vincenzo Brancaccio, Elvira Grandone, Maurizio Margaglione
Journal: Blood (2004)
Role of CT colonography in colorectal cancer screening: risks and benefits
Authors: C. P. Pox, W. Schmiegel
Journal: Gut (2010)

The purpose of this article is to review recent developments in the role of CT colonography with an emphasis on colorectal cancer screening. An introduction to the concept and method of CT colonography is given as well as a summary of the data on performance of CT colonography. Furthermore, details on side effects, efficacy and cost-effectiveness and the possible role of extracolonic findings are provided. The impact CTC could have on colonoscopy and other possible indications of the method are also mentioned.
GENECODIS: a web-based tool for finding significant concurrent annotations in gene lists.
Authors: Pedro Carmona-Saez, Monica Chagoyen, Francisco Tirado, Jose M Carazo, Alberto Pascual-Montano
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

We present GENECODIS, a web-based tool that integrates different sources of information to search for annotations that frequently co-occur in a set of genes and rank them by statistical significance. The analysis of concurrent annotations provides significant information for the biologic interpretation of high-throughput experiments and may outperform the results of standard methods for the functional analysis of gene lists. GENECODIS is publicly available at http://genecodis.dacya.ucm.es/.
Dynamic expiratory airway collapse and evaluation of collateral ventilation with Chartis
Authors: Pallav L Shah, Felix J F Herth
Journal: Thorax (2013)

We thank Gesierich et al 1 for raising some important issues regarding the evaluation of collateral ventilation using the Chartis flow catheter. In our review, we only provided two classical examples of Chartis expiratory flow and inspiratory pressure results; one from a patient with no collateral ventilation and another from a patient with significant collateral ventilation.2 However, in clinical practice, a range of findings are observed that sit in the ‘grey zone’.

In our practice and the results from an open-label multicentre study of valves where collateral ventilation was assessed with the Chartis system, it is evident that adequate assessment was not possible in about 15% of patients.3 A variety of factors may be responsible. Blockage of the catheter by secretions or apposition of the catheter against …
The Ly-3 antigens on mouse thymocytes: immune precipitation and molecular weight characterization.
Authors: P J Durda, P D Gottlieb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Specific anti-Ly sera were employed to precipitate Ly antigens from Nonidet P-40 extracts of mouse thymocytes labeled with 125I using lactoperoxidase and with NaB3H4 using galactose oxidase. Thymocytes from mice of the congenic strains C57BL/6J (Ly-2.2, Ly-3.2 positive), C57BL/6Ly-2a, Ly-3a (Ly-2.1, Ly-3.1 positive) and C57BL/6-Ly-2a (Ly-2.1, Ly-3.2-positive) were used as sources of labeled antigens and as immune adsorbants to permit evaluation of the specificity of each anti-Ly serum employed. Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions are consistent with the Ly-3.1 antigen containing a glycoprotein subunit with an apparent mol wt of 35,000 daltons. Specific precipitates obtained using anti-Ly-2.1 serum yielded SDS-PAGE profiles identical to that obtained with anti-Ly-3.1 serum, suggesting that the Ly-2 and Ly-3 antigens have the same molecular weight distribution. The relationships of these results to the observed close genetic and topological linkage of Ly-2 and Ly-3 and to the genetic linkage of these loci with the IB-peptide marker, a mouse Bk-region polymorphism, are discussed.
Igκ allelic inclusion is a consequence of receptor editing
Authors: Rafael Casellas, Qingzhao Zhang, Nai-Ying Zheng, Melissa D. Mathias, Kenneth Smith, Patrick C. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

The discovery of lymphocytes bearing two light chains in mice carrying self-reactive antibody transgenes has challenged the “one lymphocyte–one antibody” rule. However, the extent and nature of allelically included cells in normal mice is unknown. We show that 10% of mature B cells coexpress both Igκ alleles. These cells are not the result of failure in allelic exclusion per se, but arise through receptor editing. We find that under physiological conditions, editing occurs both by deletion and by inclusion with equal probability. In addition, we demonstrate that B lymphocytes carrying two B-cell receptors are recruited to germinal center reactions, and thus fully participate in humoral immune responses. Our data measure the scope of allelic inclusion and provide a mechanism whereby autoreactive B cells might “escape” central tolerance.
Clinical biopsychosocial risk factors for depression in lung cancer patients: a comprehensive analysis using data from the Lung Cancer Database Project
Authors: K. Shimizu, N. Nakaya, K. Saito-Nakaya, T. Akechi, Y. Yamada, M. Fujimori, A. Ogawa, D. Fujisawa, K. Goto, M. Iwasaki, S. Tsugane, Y. Uchitomi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
More Than a Billion People Taking Statins?
Authors: John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A systematic review of outcome data for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with and without fibrosarcomatous change
Authors: Christine A. Liang, Anokhi Jambusaria-Pahlajani, Pritesh S. Karia, Rosalie Elenitsas, Paul D. Zhang, Chrysalyne D. Schmults
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Overexpression of caveolin-1 in adult T-cell leukemia
Authors: Shigeki Sawada, Chie Ishikawa, Hiroe Tanji, Sawako Nakachi, Masachika Senba, Taeko Okudaira, Jun-Nosuke Uchihara, Naoya Taira, Kazuiku Ohshiro, Yasuaki Yamada, Yuetsu Tanaka, Hiroshi Uezato, Koichi Ohshima, Ken Sasai, Boudewijn M. T. Burgering, Madeleine Duc Dodon, Masahiro Fujii, Hajime Sunakawa, Naoki Mori
Journal: Blood (2010)
Diastolic function abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis. Evaluation by echo Doppler transmitral flow and pulmonary venous flow: relation with duration of disease
Authors: M. Di Franco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

The aim of this study was to evaluate left ventricular filling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), analysing transmitral flow and pulmonary venous flow, with special regard to age and disease duration.32 patients affected by RA according to ARA criteria were selected, without evidence of cardiac disease, and compared with matched control subjects. All patients and the control group were submitted to M-mode, two dimensional, Doppler and colour Doppler (continuous and pulsed wave) echocardiography. The following diastolic parameters were evaluated: transmitralic flow (E/A ratio), pulmonary venous flow (S/D ratio), a-Pw, IVRT and DT.In RA patients left ventricular filling abnormalities were found characterised by a reduced E/A ratio (mean (SD) 1.16 (0.31) v. controls 1.37 (0.32); p = 0.02) and an increased S/D ratio (1.43 (0.40) v. controls 1.22 (0.29); p = 0.017). In the group of patients a relation was found between E/A ratio and disease duration (r= 0.40, p = 0.01 Spearman rank correlation).At present, it is concluded that RA patients, in absence of clinical evidence of heart disease, show diastolic dysfunction characterised by impaired E/A and S/D ratio. The relation between transmitral flow alteration and disease duration suggests a sub-clinical myocardial involvement.
Use of low flow oxygen therapy in a population
Authors: Paul Easton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Low flow oxygen therapy (LFOT) is treatment for resting hypoxemia (PaO2 ≤ 55 mmHg) with COPD, as per classic clinical trials showing increased life expectancy (MRC, Lancet 1981;NOTT, Annals IM 1980). Contempory LFOT has evolved despite limited new evidence to guide usage. Usually LFOT comes from multiple sources making it difficult to capture population incidence and cost, or characterize usage. However, in the province of Alberta, LFOT arises from a single public program.  Question: What is the incidence and cost of low flow oxygen therapy (LFOT) and proportion of resting hypoxemia among LFOT users, in a modern population?  Results: For 2012, population of Alberta was 3.65 million; total LFOT cost $27.6 million CDN; mean number of LFOT users per month 6,250. Therefore, 171 LFOT users per 100,000 population; program cost $756,000 per 100,000.  Examining LFOT groups, resting hypoxemia accounted for only 64% from qualification by 1st, 2nd or 3rd/final ABG. The remaining 36% of LFOT users did not qualify by resting hypoxemia, including 16% who qualified by air versus oxygen 6 minute walk tests, 11% received oxygen for severe nocturnal desaturation.  Summary: A modern population with oxygen therapy from a single source, provided LFOT for 171 users per 100,000 population. Overall cost was $756, 000 CDN per 100,000. Only 64% acquired LFOT for resting hypoxemia. It is not certain what change in life expectancy is conferred by this pattern of oxygen usage.
Innateness, autonomy, universality, and the neurobiology of regular and irregular inflectional morphology
Authors: David Kemmerer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Müller's goal of bringing neuroscience to bear on controversies in linguistics is laudable. However, some of his specific proposals about innateness and autonomy are misguided. Recent studies on the neurobiology of regular and irregular inflectional morphology indicate that these two linguistic processes are subserved by anatomically and physiologically distinct neural subsystems, whose functional organization is likely to be under direct genetic control rather than assembled by strictly epigenetic factors.