tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma characteristics in cleaning workers, workers in other risk jobs and office workers
Authors: J.P. Zock, M. Kogevinas, J. Sunyer, D. Jarvis, K. Torén, J.M. Antó
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Several studies have demonstrated an excess risk for asthma among cleaning workers. The aim of this analysis was to compare clinical, immunological and functional characteristics associated with asthma in cleaners and other occupational groups. Cleaners, workers exposed to high molecular weight (MW) agents, workers exposed to low MW agents, and office workers were identified from an international community-based epidemiological study. Influence of sex, smoking, age and atopy on the relationships with asthma was investigated. Rates of respiratory symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, atopic sensitisation and lung function were compared between asthmatics from the four groups (case-case analysis). The risk for asthma in workers exposed to low MW agents was higher among nonatopics than among atopics. Case-case analysis showed no major differences in asthma characteristics between cleaners and workers exposed to high or low MW agents. Asthmatic cleaners had less atopy, more chronic bronchitis and a lower lung function as compared to office workers. Asthma in cleaning workers showed many similarities with that in workers known to be at risk for occupational asthma. Atopic sensitisation did not seem to play an important role in cleaning-related asthma.
Lymphocyte population and apoptosis in the lungs of smokers and their relation to emphysema
Authors: J. Majo, H. Ghezzo, M.G. Cosio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Previously, it had been shown that T-lymphocytes are the predominant inflammatory cells found in the alveolar wall of smokers and their numbers correlated with the extent of emphysema. However, the phenotype of these cells was not defined. The aim of this study was to describe the different T-cell phenotypes and investigate the possible presence of apoptosis in the lung parenchyma of smokers. Samples from lungs were obtained at surgery from 15 patients who smoked and six who had never smoked. Samples were frozen and prepared for histological and immunocytochemical examination. Slides were stained for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, γδ T-cells, CD56 natural killers ((NK) cells), and elastase (neutrophils). Anti-CD95 monoclonal antibodies and in situ end-labelling techniques were used to detect Fas expression and apoptosis. Positive staining cells were expressed as cells·mm alveolar wall −1 , percentage of total cells, and Fas/APO and apoptosis index. Emphysema was identified macroscopically, microscopically and reported as present or absent. All subjects had pulmonary function tests before surgery. Neutrophils were the predominant cell in the lung parenchyma of nonsmokers and smokers without emphysema. In smokers with emphysema, the CD3+ and CD8+ were the predominant cells (p&lt;0.05) in the alveolar wall. γδ cells were increased in all smokers and no increased numbers of NK cells was found. The T-cell numbers·mm alveolar wall −1 showed a bilinear relationship with the amount smoked increasing at an inflection point of 30 packs yr −1 (R 2 =0.345; p&lt;0.01). Apoptosis in smokers showed a bilinear relationship with the amount smoked increasing sharply in smokers with emphysema (R 2 =0.3613; p&lt;0.009). It is concluded that the pathogenesis of emphysema might be mediated by T-lymphocytes, mainly CD8+ cytolytic T-cells, and that apoptosis might be one of the mechanisms of lung destruction leading to the development of emphysema. If this is the case, it could be speculated that T-cell inflammation is a response to antigenic stimuli originating in the lung and induced by cigarette smoking.
The Next Era of Palliative Care
Authors: Yael Schenker, Robert Arnold
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased atherosclerosis in myeloperoxidase-deficient mice
Authors: Marie-Luise Brennan, Melissa M. Anderson, Diana M. Shih, Xiao-Dan Qu, Xuping Wang, Asha C. Mehta, Lesley L. Lim, Weibin Shi, Stanley L. Hazen, Jason S. Jacob, Jan R. Crowley, Jay W. Heinecke, Aldons J. Lusis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme enzyme secreted by activated phagocytes, generates an array of oxidants proposed to play critical roles in host defense and local tissue damage. Both MPO and its reaction products are present in human atherosclerotic plaque, and it has been proposed that MPO oxidatively modifies targets in the artery wall. We have now generated MPO-deficient mice, and show here that neutrophils from homozygous mutants lack peroxidase and chlorination activity in vitro and fail to generate chlorotyrosine or to kill Candida albicans in vivo. To examine the potential role of MPO in atherosclerosis, we subjected LDL receptor–deficient mice to lethal irradiation, repopulated their marrow with MPO-deficient or wild-type cells, and provided them a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 14 weeks. White cell counts and plasma lipoprotein profiles were similar between the two groups at sacrifice. Cross-sectional analysis of the aorta indicated that lesions in MPO-deficient mice were about 50% larger than controls. Similar results were obtained in a genetic cross with LDL receptor–deficient mice. In contrast to advanced human atherosclerotic lesions, the chlorotyrosine content of aortic lesions from wild-type as well as MPO-deficient mice was essentially undetectable. These data suggest an unexpected, protective role for MPO-generated reactive intermediates in murine atherosclerosis. They also identify an important distinction between murine and human atherosclerosis with regard to the potential involvement of MPO in protein oxidation.
Exercise Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jan-Willem van Dijk, Kyra Tummers, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Fred Hartgens, Luc J.C. van Loon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Given the transient nature of exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity, it has been speculated that daily exercise is preferred to maximize the benefits of exercise for glycemic control. The current study investigates the impact of daily exercise versus exercise performed every other day on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.Thirty type 2 diabetic patients (age 60 ± 1 years, BMI 30.4 ± 0.7 kg/m(2), and HbA(1c) 7.2 ± 0.2%) participated in a randomized crossover experiment. Subjects were studied on three occasions for 3 days under strict dietary standardization but otherwise free-living conditions. Blood glucose homeostasis was assessed by continuous glucose monitoring over 48 h during which subjects performed no exercise (control) or 60 min of cycling exercise (50% maximal workload capacity) distributed either as a single session performed every other day or as 30 min of exercise performed daily.The prevalence of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >10 mmol/L) was reduced from 7:40 ± 1:00 h:min per day (32 ± 4% of the time) to 5:46 ± 0:58 and 5:51 ± 0:47 h:min per day, representing 24 ± 4 and 24 ± 3% of the time, when exercise was performed either daily or every other day, respectively (P < 0.001 for both treatments). No differences were observed between the impact of daily exercise and exercise performed every other day.A short 30-min session of moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise substantially reduces the prevalence of hyperglycemia throughout the subsequent day in type 2 diabetic patients. When total work is being matched, daily exercise does not further improve daily glycemia compared with exercise performed every other day.
Margarine: a supplement may be decisive.
Authors: M Wjst
Journal: Thorax (2008)

A recent study in Thorax described margarine intake as a risk factor for allergic diseases ( Thorax 2007; 62 :677–83). This association has now been replicated in about 10 studies, but without any convincing explanation.1 Margarine is the only food factor to date that is associated with allergic diseases without provoking any direct allergic reaction.

Margarine was invented by the French chemist Hippolyte Mege-Mouries at the demand of emperor Napoleon IIIrd 1869 as a cheap replacement …
Accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) for evaluation of N2/3 disease in lung cancer: Experience over six years
Authors: Markus Hofer, Ivo Tosoni, Dieter Erdin, Felix Grieder, Hans Gelpke, Thomas Hess
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction : Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is the standard procedure for mediastinal staging in lung cancer with good accuracy in expert centres. The initial learning curve is well known but not the effect of long term experience on diagnostic yield.   Methods : Analysis of all EBUS done at our institution for staging of LC from 3/2007 to 9/2013. Data, including procedure time were prospectively registered. Stadium IV diseases or N1/2 diseases without surgical confirmation were excluded. All investigations were done under conscious sedation and with rapid on-site cytology.   Results : 261 patients (mean age 66±10 years) were evaluated. 152 patients (58%) finally had N2/3 disease. 10/261 patients (3.8%) had a false negative EBUS. Sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) of EBUS were 93%, 100% and 92%, respectively. Sensitivity and NPV increased over time from 92% and 91% in the first 130 investigations to 95% and 93% afterward. Six of ten patients with false negative EBUS had a false negative PET/CT too, four had only a micrometastasis. Seven patients were evaluated after neoadjuvant treatment, four were true negative, two true positive and one false positive (micrometastasis). Median procedure time for EBUS was 26 minutes (1 st /3 st  17/40 minutes) with median two evaluated lymph nodes (range 1-7).   Conclusion : EBUS has a very good accuracy for the evaluation of the N2/3 disease in lung cancer. Over time, sensitivity and NPV steadily increased from 92% and 91% to 95% and 93% with improving results beyond 130 procedures. EBUS can easily and safely be performed under conscious sedation within reasonable time.
A Web-based, Tailored Asthma Management Program for Urban African-American High School Students
Authors: Christine L. M. Joseph, Edward Peterson, Suzanne Havstad, Christine C. Johnson, Sarah Hoerauf, Sonja Stringer, Wanda Gibson-Scipio, Dennis R. Ownby, Jennifer Elston-Lafata, Unto Pallonen, Victor Strecher
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Urban African-American youth, aged 15–19 years, have asthma fatality rates that are higher than in whites and younger children, yet few programs target this population. Traditionally, urban youth are believed to be difficult to engage in health-related programs, both in terms of connecting and convincing.Objectives: Develop and evaluate a multimedia, web-based asthma management program to specifically target urban high school students. The program uses “tailoring,” in conjunction with theory-based models, to alter behavior through individualized health messages based on the user's beliefs, attitudes, and personal barriers to change.Methods: High school students reporting asthma symptoms were randomized to receive the tailored program (treatment) or to access generic asthma websites (control). The program was made available on school computers.Measurements and Main Results: Functional status and medical care use were measured at study initiation and 12 months postbaseline, as were selected management behaviors. The intervention period was 180 days (calculated from baseline). A total of 314 students were randomized (98% African American, 49% Medicaid enrollees; mean age, 15.2 yr). At 12 months, treatment students reported fewer symptom-days, symptom-nights, school days missed, restricted-activity days, and hospitalizations for asthma when compared with control students; adjusted relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were as follows: 0.5 (0.4–0.8), p = 0.003; 0.4 (0.2–0.8), p = 0.009; 0.3 (0.1–0.7), p = 0.006; 0.5 (0.3–0.8), p = 0.02; and 0.2 (0.2–0.9), p = 0.01, respectively. Positive behaviors were more frequently noted among treatment students compared with control students. Cost estimates for program delivery were $6.66 per participating treatment group student.Conclusions: A web-based, tailored approach to changing negative asthma management behaviors is economical, feasible, and effective in improving asthma outcomes in a traditionally hard-to-reach population.
Reply to G. Cai et al
Authors: Jian Zhou, Jie Hu, Jiping Wang, Ying Wu, Jia Fan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

We would like to thank Cai et al 1 for their comments on our article. 2In the study by Gao et al, 3 microRNA (miRNA) was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded dysplastic nodules, hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and the adjacent nontumorous liver tissues.This study 3 showed that miRNA deregulation at the tissue level was an early event and accumulated throughout the various steps of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.In our study, the panel with seven miRNAs (miR-122, miR-192, miR-21, miR-223, miR-26a, miR-27a, and miR-801) was identified in the plasma of patients with HCC. 2 The discrepancy between the two studies would be primarily a result of the different categories of the study specimens (tissue v plasma).To our knowledge, the expression profiles of plasma miRNA are different from that of tissue miRNA.Plasma circulating miRNA was reported to have diverse origins. 4It is well known that most hepatitis B virus-related HCCs involve two disease processes: the HCC as well as liver damage as a result of either hepatitis or cirrhosis.Thus, liver damage, tumor immune response, and/or hepatitis may also influence the miRNA profiles in the plasma of patients with HCC.Therefore, the expression profiles of plasma miRNAs in patients with HCC may not trend according to the expression profiles in HCC tissue.For example, studies by Wang et al 4 and Starkey Lewis et al 5 found miR-122 and miR-192 to be associated with liver damage, and the two miRNAs expressed opposite regulations in the tissue and plasma specimens.This indicates that the miRNA profiles in the plasma specimens are more complicated compared with those in pure tumor tissue in patients with HCC.At the tissue level, two studies revealed the differences in miRNA dysregulation in early versus advanced HCCs. 3,6Such differences have not been reported in the current plasma studies of miRNA profiles.It would be interesting to further investigate the differences in miRNA spectrum and expression level between early and advanced HCCs in the plasma of patients with HCC.
Moderate concentrations of supplemental oxygen worsen hypercapnia in obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a randomised crossover study
Authors: Carly Ann Hollier, Alison Rosemary Harmer, Lyndal Jane Maxwell, Collette Menadue, Grant Neville Willson, Gunnar Unger, Daniel Flunt, Deborah Ann Black, Amanda Jane Piper
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In people with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), breathing 100% oxygen increases carbon dioxide (PCO<sub>2</sub>), but its effect on pH is unknown. This study investigated the effects of moderate concentrations of supplemental oxygen on PCO<sub>2</sub>, pH, minute ventilation (V<sub>E</sub>) and physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub>) among people with stable untreated OHS, with comparison to healthy controls. <h3>Methods</h3> In a double-blind randomised crossover study, participants breathed oxygen concentrations (F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) 0.28 and 0.50, each for 20 min, separated by a 45 min washout period. Arterialised-venous PCO<sub>2</sub> (PavCO<sub>2</sub>) and pH, V<sub>E</sub> and V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub> were measured at baseline, then every 5 min. Data were analysed using general linear model analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 28 participants were recruited (14 OHS, 14 controls). Among OHS participants (mean±SD arterial PCO<sub>2</sub> 6.7±0.5 kPa; arterial oxygen 8.9±1.4 kPa) F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.28 and 0.50 maintained oxygen saturation 98–100%. After 20 min of F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.28, PavCO<sub>2</sub> change (ΔPavCO<sub>2</sub>) was 0.3±0.2 kPa (p=0.013), with minimal change in V<sub>E</sub> and rises in V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub> of 1±5% (p=0.012). F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.50 increased PavCO<sub>2</sub> by 0.5±0.4 kPa (p=0.012), induced acidaemia and increased V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub> by 3±3% (p=0.012). V<sub>E</sub> fell by 1.2±2.1 L/min within 5 min then recovered individually to varying degrees. A negative correlation between ΔV<sub>E</sub> and ΔPavCO<sub>2</sub> (r=−0.60, p=0.024) suggested that ventilatory responses were the key determinant of PavCO<sub>2</sub> rises. Among controls, F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.28 and 0.50 did not change PavCO<sub>2</sub> or pH, but F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.50 significantly increased V<sub>E</sub> and V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub>. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Commonly used oxygen concentrations caused hypoventilation, PavCO<sub>2</sub> rises and acidaemia among people with stable OHS. This highlights the potential dangers of this common intervention in this group.
Epidemiology and Treatment of Painful Procedures in Neonates in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Ricardo Carbajal
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Effective strategies to improve pain management in neonates require a clear understanding of the epidemiology and management of procedural pain.To report epidemiological data on neonatal pain collected from a geographically defined region, based on direct bedside observation of neonates.Between September 2005 and January 2006, data on all painful and stressful procedures and corresponding analgesic therapy from the first 14 days of admission were prospectively collected within a 6-week period from 430 neonates admitted to tertiary care centers in the Paris region of France (11.3 millions inhabitants) for the Epidemiology of Procedural Pain in Neonates (EPIPPAIN) study.Number of procedures considered painful or stressful by health personnel and corresponding analgesic therapy.The mean (SD) gestational age and intensive care unit stay were 33.0 (4.6) weeks and 8.4 (4.6) calendar days, respectively. Neonates experienced 60,969 first-attempt procedures, with 42,413 (69.6%) painful and 18,556 (30.4%) stressful procedures; 11,546 supplemental attempts were performed during procedures including 10,366 (89.8%) for painful and 1180 (10.2%) for stressful procedures. Each neonate experienced a median of 115 (range, 4-613) procedures during the study period and 16 (range, 0-62) procedures per day of hospitalization. Of these, each neonate experienced a median of 75 (range, 3-364) painful procedures during the study period and 10 (range, 0-51) painful procedures per day of hospitalization. Of the 42,413 painful procedures, 2.1% were performed with pharmacological-only therapy; 18.2% with nonpharmacological-only interventions, 20.8% with pharmacological, nonpharmacological, or both types of therapy; and 79.2% without specific analgesia, and 34.2% were performed while the neonate was receiving concurrent analgesic or anesthetic infusions for other reasons. Prematurity, category of procedure, parental presence, surgery, daytime, and day of procedure after the first day of admission were associated with greater use of specific preprocedural analgesia, whereas mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation and administration of nonspecific concurrent analgesia were associated with lower use of specific preprocedural analgesia.During neonatal intensive care in the Paris region, large numbers of painful and stressful procedures were performed, the majority of which were not accompanied by analgesia.
Does genomic risk information motivate people to change their behavior?
Authors: Nora B Henrikson, Deborah Bowen, Wylie Burke
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

The recent flood of information about new gene variants associated with chronic disease risk from genome-wide association studies has understandably led to enthusiasm that genetic discoveries could reduce disease burdens and increase the availability of direct-to-consumer tests offering risk information. However, we suggest caution: if it is to be any benefit to health, genetic risk information needs to prompt individuals to pursue risk-reduction behaviors, yet early evidence suggests that genetic risk may not be an effective motivator of behavior change. It is not clear how genetic information will inform risk-based behavioral intervention, or what harms might occur. Research is needed that examines the behavioral consequences of genetic risk knowledge in the context of other motivators and social conditions, as well as research that determines the subgroups of people most likely to be motivated, in order to inform policy decisions about emerging genetic susceptibility tests. Without such research, it will not be possible to determine the appropriate health care uses for such tests, the impact on health care resources from consumer-initiated testing, or the criteria for truthful advertising of direct-to-consumer tests.
1170-142 Differential vasodilatory effects of CVT-3146, an A 2A adenosine receptor agonist in various vascular beds in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Arvinder K Dhalla, Jiang Xu, William Kussmaul, Peter P Kurnik, Amir Pelleg, Luiz Belardinelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)