tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Der1-mediated Preprotein Import into the Periplastid Compartment of Chromalveolates?
Authors: M. S. Sommer, S. B. Gould, P. Lehmann, A. Gruber, J. M. Przyborski, U.-G. Maier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Phototrophic chromalveolates possess plastids surrounded by either 3 or 4 membranes, revealing their secondary endosymbiotic origin from an engulfed eukaryotic alga. In cryptophytes, a member of the chromalveolates, the organelle is embedded within a designated region of the host's rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Its eukaryotic compartments other than the plastid were reduced to the mere remains of its former cytosol, the periplastid compartment (PPC, PP space), and its nucleus, the nucleomorph, separated from the RER by its former plasma membrane, the periplast membrane (PPM). In the nucleomorph genome of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta, we identified several genes sharing homology with components of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery of yeast and higher eukaryotes, namely ORF201 and ORF477, homologs of membrane-bound proteins, Der1p (Degradation in the ER protein 1) and the RING-finger ubiquitin ligase Hrd1, and a truncated version of Udf1, a cofactor of Cdc48, a lumenal ATPase. Exemplarily, studies on the Der1-homolog ORF201 showed that this protein partially rescued a yeast deletion mutant, indicating the existence of a functional PPC-specific ERAD-like system in cryptophytes. With the noninvestigated exception of haptophytes a phylogenetically and mechanistically related system is apparently present in all chromalveolates with 4 membrane-bound plastids because amongst others, PPC-specific Derlins (Der1-like proteins), CDC48 and its cofactor Ufd1 were identified in the nuclear genomes of diatoms and apicomplexa. These proteins are equipped with the required topogenic signals to direct them into the periplastid compartment of their secondary symbionts. Based on our findings, we suggest that all chromalveolates with 4 membrane-bound plastids express an ERAD-derived machinery in the PPM of their secondary plastid, coexisting physically and systematically adjacent to the host's own ERAD system. We propose herewith that this system was functionally adapted to mediate transport of nucleus-encoded PPC/plastid preproteins from the RER into the periplastid space.
Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China
Authors: S. Liu, Y. Zhou, X. Wang, D. Wang, J. Lu, J. Zheng, N. Zhong, P. Ran
Journal: Thorax (2007)

There is increasing evidence for a possible association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the use of biomass fuels for cooking and heating in developing countries. Data on the prevalence of COPD and objective measurements of indoor pollution from biomass fuel have not been widely available from China. A study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of COPD in two study communities in Guangdong province in China and to measure the association between COPD and indoor biomass fuel air pollution.A cluster disproportional random sampling survey was performed in populations aged over 40 years in urban (Liwang) and rural (Yunyan) areas in Guangdong, China. Spirometry was performed in all subjects and a post-bronchodilator ratio of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity of <0.70 was defined as COPD. Measurements of indoor and outdoor air pollutants were also performed in a random sample of households.The overall prevalence of COPD in the two areas (Liwang and Yunyan) was 9.4%. The prevalence of COPD in both the whole population and a subpopulation of non-smoking women in rural Yunyan was significantly higher than in urban Liwang (12.0% vs 7.4%, and 7.2% vs 2.5%, respectively). The use of biomass fuel was higher in rural Yunyan than in urban Liwang (88.1% vs 0.7%). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between COPD and exposure to biomass fuel for cooking. Multivariate analysis showed a positive association between COPD and urban/rural area (surrogate for fuel type and local exhaust ventilation in kitchen) after adjustment for sex, age group, body mass index, education, occupational exposure, respiratory disease in family, smoking status, life quality and cough in childhood; similar results were found in non-smoking women. Pollutants measurements showed that concentrations of carbon monoxide, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <or=10 microm, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the kitchen during biomass fuel combustion were significantly higher than those during LPG combustion.Indoor pollutants from biomass fuels may be an important risk factor for COPD in rural South China.
Chromatin accessibility reveals insights into androgen receptor activation and transcriptional specificity
Authors: Alok K Tewari, Galip Yardimci, Yoichiro Shibata, Nathan C Sheffield, Lingyun Song, Barry S Taylor, Stoyan G Georgiev, Gerhard A Coetzee, Uwe Ohler, Terrence S Furey, Gregory E Crawford, Phillip G Febbo
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Epigenetic mechanisms such as chromatin accessibility impact transcription factor binding to DNA and transcriptional specificity. The androgen receptor (AR), a master regulator of the male phenotype and prostate cancer pathogenesis, acts primarily through ligand-activated transcription of target genes. Although several determinants of AR transcriptional specificity have been elucidated, our understanding of the interplay between chromatin accessibility and AR function remains incomplete. We used deep sequencing to assess chromatin structure via DNase I hypersensitivity and mRNA abundance, and paired these datasets with three independent AR ChIP-seq datasets. Our analysis revealed qualitative and quantitative differences in chromatin accessibility that corresponded to both AR binding and an enrichment of motifs for potential collaborating factors, one of which was identified as SP1. These quantitative differences were significantly associated with AR-regulated mRNA transcription across the genome. Base-pair resolution of the DNase I cleavage profile revealed three distinct footprinting patterns associated with the AR-DNA interaction, suggesting multiple modes of AR interaction with the genome. In contrast with other DNA-binding factors, AR binding to the genome does not only target regions that are accessible to DNase I cleavage prior to hormone induction. AR binding is invariably associated with an increase in chromatin accessibility and, consequently, changes in gene expression. Furthermore, we present the first in vivo evidence that a significant fraction of AR binds only to half of the full AR DNA motif. These findings indicate a dynamic quantitative relationship between chromatin structure and AR-DNA binding that impacts AR transcriptional specificity.
Tuberculin skin test sensivity in asthma patients
Authors: Soner Demirbas, Faruk Ozer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tuberculin reaction which develops with Th 1 type immune reaction in asthma in which Th2 type immune reaction is dominant.

Material and method: This study included 36 cases with allergic asthma, 64 cases with non allergic asthma and 51 cases without asthma. Tuberculin skin test was applied with Monteux method to all cases and induration diameter developed after 72 hours was recorded as millimeter.

Results: Tuberculin positivity was significantly different between cases with asthma and cases without asthma (p 0.05). With respect to tuberculin positivity, significant difference was not present between asthma cases that are allergic and non allergic (p>0.05).

Conclusion: While the tuberculin skin test results are evaluated presence of allergic diseases should be taken into consideration.
When to Start Sulphonamide Treatment in Gonorrhoea
Authors: D. K. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1938)

T cells gene-modified to express chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) have shown potent antitumor activity in vivo and are in clinical trials at locations worldwide. However, CAR activity has been investigated in mouse models in which Ag expression is restricted to the tumor. To explore the impact of normal tissue expression of the target Ag, we developed a mouse CD19-specific CAR to investigate antitumor efficacy against a syngeneic B cell lymphoma cell line within a background of normal CD19<sup>+</sup> host B cells. Mouse T cells engrafted with the amCD19CD3ζ CAR specifically lysed A20 lymphoma targets and B cells in vitro. These T cells also eradicated a 12-d established disseminated A20 lymphoma in mice preconditioned with 6 Gy total body irradiation. In the short-term (7 d after adoptive transfer), amCD19z T cells underwent Ag-dependent proliferation in vivo with a concomitant depletion in host B cell levels. However, the levels of amCD19z CAR<sup>+</sup> T cells decreased significantly at later time points, at which point host B cells returned, eventually reaching normal levels. In contrast, CAR<sup>+</sup> T cells lacking a signaling domain or specificity for mCD19 persisted over extended periods in blood and spleen. Importantly, no overt clinical signs of autotoxicity were observed in tumor-free or tumor-bearing mice treated with amCD19z T cells over an extended period of time. These observations highlight the importance of studying the activity of CAR<sup>+</sup> T cells in autologous models that have the normal range of tissue expression of Ag.
Neuroendocrine regulation of the corpus luteum in the human. Evidence for pulsatile progesterone secretion.
Authors: M Filicori, J P Butler, W F Crowley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The pattern of episodic gonadotropin release was studied in 15 normal female volunteers during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle with 24 h of blood sampling for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels at 10-min intervals. Six subjects (two in the early, two in the mid-, and two in the late luteal phase) also had each of these specimens processed for progesterone levels. A progressive slowing of LH pulsations was present across the luteal phase with the mean LH pulse frequency declining from 15.2 pulses/24 h in the early to 8.4/24 h in the late luteal phase. A trend towards reduction in the amplitude of LH pulses was also observed (12.3 +/- 2.2 SD mIU/ml in the early vs. 8.6 +/- 3.4 mIU/ml in the late luteal phase; NS). In addition, LH pulses of heterogeneous amplitude were identified during the same 24-h study. The mean +/- SD of the larger and of the smaller LH pulses was 16.9 +/- 4.7 and 2.3 +/- 1.0 mIU/ml, respectively (P less than 0.001). While the slowing of the frequency of all LH pulses correlated well (r = 0.80, P less than 0.001) with the day of the luteal phase and poorly with the actual plasma progesterone levels, the incidence of the small LH pulses was highest in the mid-luteal phase and correlated well with the mean progesterone plasma levels (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01). In the early luteal phase, the pattern of progesterone secretion was stable over the 24-h studies and showed no relationship to episodic LH release. In contrast, in the mid- and late luteal phase, plasma progesterone concentrations rapidly fluctuated during the 24-h studies from levels as low as 2.3 to peaks of 40.1 ng/ml, often within the course of minutes. Progesterone increments closely attended episodes of LH release, as documented by the significant (P less than 0.05) cross-correlation between LH and progesterone levels, at time lags of 25-55 min. The results of this study indicate that in the human luteal phase: (a) the frequency of pulsatile release of LH declines progressively and correlates well with the duration of exposure to progressively and correlates well with the duration of exposure to progesterone; (b) the amplitude of LH pulses varies with the appearance of an increased percentage of smaller pulses correlating well with the acute level of progesterone; (c) in the early luteal phase, the pattern of progesterone secretion is stable; (d) in the mid- and late luteal phase, progesterone secretion is episodic, and correlates with LH pulsatile release; and (e) single progesterone estimations in the mid- and late luteal phase do not accurately reflect corpus luteum adequacy.
ZNF217 Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer That Drives Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion
Authors: Julie A. Vendrell, Aurélie Thollet, Nhan T. Nguyen, Sandra E. Ghayad, Stéphanie Vinot, Ivan Bièche, Evelyne Grisard, Véronique Josserand, Jean-Luc Coll, Pierre Roux, Laura Corbo, Isabelle Treilleux, Ruth Rimokh, Pascale A. Cohen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The Krüppel-like zinc finger protein ZNF217 is a candidate oncogene in breast cancer. In this study, we showed that high levels of expression of ZNF217 mRNA are associated with poor prognosis and the development of metastases in breast cancer. Overexpression of ZNF217 in breast cancer cells stimulated migration and invasion in vitro and promoted the development of spontaneous lung or node metastases in mice in vivo. ZNF217 also promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human mammary epithelial cells, and the TGF-β-activated Smad signaling pathway was identified as a major driver of ZNF217-induced EMT. In addition, a TGF-β autocrine loop sustained activation of the TGF-β pathway in ZNF217-overexpressing mammary epithelial cells, most likely because of ZNF217-mediated direct upregulation of TGFB2 or TGFB3. Inhibition of the TGF-β pathway led to the reversal of ZNF217-mediated EMT. Together, our findings indicate that ZNF217 mRNA expression may represent a novel prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Therapeutic targeting of ZNF217 of the TGF-β signaling pathway may benefit the subset of patients whose tumors express high levels of ZNF217.
Bioengineering Challenges for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
Authors: Michael S. Sacks, Frederick J. Schoen, John E. Mayer
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2009)

Surgical replacement of diseased heart valves by mechanical and tissue valve substitutes is now commonplace and enhances survival and quality of life for many patients. However, repairs of congenital deformities require very small valve sizes not commercially available. Further, a fundamental problem inherent to the use of existing mechanical and biological prostheses in the pediatric population is their failure to grow, repair, and remodel. It is believed that a tissue engineered heart valve can accommodate many of these requirements, especially those pertaining to somatic growth. This review provides an overview of the field of heart valve tissue engineering, including recent trends, with a focus on the bioengineering challenges unique to heart valves. We believe that, currently, the key bioengineering challenge is to determine how biological, structural, and mechanical factors affect extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and in vivo functionality. These factors are fundamental to any approach toward developing a clinically viable tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV), regardless of the particular approach. Critical to the current approaches to TEHVs is scaffold design, which must simultaneously provide function (valves must function from the time of implant) as well as stress transfer to the new ECM. From a bioengineering point of view, a hierarchy of approaches will be necessary to connect the organ-tissue relationships with underpinning cell and sub-cellular events. Overall, such approaches need to be structured to address these fundamental issues to lay the basis for TEHVs that can be developed and designed according to truly sound scientific and engineering principles.
Glycoproteins on the Surface of Neuroblastoma Cells12
Authors: Mary Catherine Glick
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Glycoproteins on the Surface of Neuroblastoma Cells Get access Mary Catherine Glick Mary Catherine Glick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 3, September 1976, Pages 653–663, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.3.653 Published: 01 September 1976
THE TRANSMISSION OF PERIODIC OPHTHALMIA OF HORSES BY MEANS OF A FILTERABLE AGENT
Authors: Alan C. Woods, Alan M. Chesney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

A filterable agent has been obtained from the humors and tissues of the eyes of horses suffering from active periodic ophthalmia. The intra-vitreous injection of this filtrate produced in normal horses the same clinical and pathological picture observed in the natural disease. This filtrate injected into rabbits produced a different clinical picture, but the essential pathological lesions closely resembled those found in horses. After passage of the filterable agent through six generations of rabbits, it again produced the clinical and pathological picture of the natural disease when injected into the eyes of normal horses. It appears, in this epidemic at least, that this filterable agent was the specific etiological factor of the periodic ophthalmia.
Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine
Authors: F. B. Coles
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The Sept 9 issue ofThe Journalhighlighted the continuing controversy regarding the efficacy of the<i>Haemophilus</i>b polysaccharide vaccine. While the majority of studies cite a vaccine efficacy of 44% to 90%,<sup>1-3</sup>the case-control study from Minnesota raised questions not only regarding efficacy but also about possible negative effects of vaccination.<sup>4</sup>During 1986, Alexander et al<sup>5</sup>published population-based data from Jefferson County, Alabama, that showed a significant reduction in the number of cases of invasive<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b (Hib) disease during 1986 among children aged 24 to 48 months, suggesting that the vaccine had lowered the incidence of disease within that age group. We reviewed age-specific hospitalization information for<i>H influenzae</i>meningitis using federally standardized computer data on all hospital discharges (about 3 million per year) from all general hospitals (N = 295) in New York State (population, 17.76 million) for 1980
Calcium and phosphate transport in isolated segments of rabbit Henle's loop.
Authors: A S Rocha, J B Magaldi, J P Kokko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Calcium and phosphate transport was examined in rabbit thin descending, thin ascending, and thick ascending limbs of Henle by in vitro perfusion of isolated tubular segments. Permeability coefficients for these segments with 45Ca and 32PO4 were determined for both lumen-to-bath and bath-to-lumen directions. Both the thin descending and thin ascending limbs were found to be relatively impermeable to both 45Ca and 32PO4. In neither segment were we able to show evidence for net transport of calcium or phosphate. In contrast, the thick ascending limb of Henle showed a decrease in calcium lumen-to-bath concentration from 0.97 +/- 0.02 to 0.88 +/- 0.02 when perfused at 4.8 nl min-1. 45Ca lumen-to-bath and bath-to-lumen fluxes were 19.96 +/- 1.05 and 9.89 +/- 0.02 peq-min-1-cm-1, respectively, and the potential difference was +3.8 +/- 0.3 mV (lumen positive). The observed calcium flux ratio was significantly higher than that predicted by Ussing's equation. When ouabain was added to the bath the potential difference fell to +1.1 +/- 0.3 mV, whereas the calcium efflux was only slightly diminished (29.5 +/- 5.3-23.7 +/- 5.1 peq-cm-1-min-1). Ouabain had no effect on the influx of Ca across the thick ascending limb of Henle. There was no net transport of phosphate across the thick ascending limb. Phosphate permeability was exceedingly low bidirectionally across the thick ascending limb. Our findings indicate: (a) all segments of Henle's loop are relatively impermeable to calcium and phosphate; (b) net transport of phosphate seems to be absent in Henle's loop; (c) net calcium reabsorption, which cannot be explained by passive mechanisms, occurs in the thick ascending limb.
High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone ST80-IV in hospital and community settings in Algiers
Authors: K. Antri, N. Rouzic, O. Dauwalder, I. Boubekri, M. Bes, G. Lina, F. Vandenesch, M. Tazir, N. Ramdani-Bouguessa, J. Etienne
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Combined Effects of p53, p21, and pRb Expression in the Progression of Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sunanda J. Chatterjee, Ram Datar, David Youssefzadeh, Ben George, Peter J. Goebell, John P. Stein, Lillian Young, Shan-Rong Shi, Conway Gee, Susan Groshen, Donald G. Skinner, Richard J. Cote
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To determine the combined effects of p53, p21, and pRb alterations in predicting the progression of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.p53, p21, and pRb expression was examined immunohistochemically on archival radical cystectomy samples from 164 patients with invasive or high-grade recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC; lymph node-negative, 117 patients; lymph node-positive, 47 patients). Median follow-up was 8.6 years. Based on percentage of nuclear reactivity, p53 was considered as wild-type (0% to 10%) or altered (>10%); p21 was scored as wild-type (>10%) or altered (<10%); and pRb status was considered wild-type (1% to 50%) or altered (0% or >50%).As individual determinants, the p53, p21, and pRb status were independent predictors of time to recurrence (P<.001, P<.001, and P<.001, respectively), and overall survival (P<.001, P=.002, and P=.001, respectively). By examining these determinants in combination, patients were categorized as group I (no alteration in any determinant, 47 patients), group II (any one determinant altered, 51 patients), group III (any two determinants altered, 42 patients), and group IV (all three determinants altered, 24 patients). The 5-year recurrence rates in these groups were 23%, 32%, 57%, and 93%, respectively (log-rank P<.001), and the 5-year survival rates were 70%, 58%, 33%, and 8%, respectively (log-rank P<.001). After stratifying by stage, the number of altered proteins remained significantly associated with time to recurrence and overall survival.This study suggests that alterations in p53, p21, and pRb act in cooperative or synergistic ways to promote bladder cancer progression. Examining these determinants in combination provides additional information above the use of a single determinant alone.