tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Common-Source Outbreak of Fulminant Hepatitis B in a Hospital
Authors: Ilana Oren
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

A nosocomial outbreak of fulminant hepatitis B infection at a medical center in Haifa, Israel, between 7 and 26 June 1986, involved five patients who had been hospitalized previously in the medical ward in late April and early May (first generation). This outbreak had an unusual clinical course, with fulminant hepatic failure associated with acute renal failure from acute glomerulonephritis, leading to death within a few days. The onset dates of hepatitis were tightly clustered temporally and incubation periods were short. Extensive laboratory and epidemiologic evaluation showed that the probable common-source vehicle of transmission was a multiple-dose vial of heparin and normal saline flush solution that may have been contaminated by blood of a known HBsAg carrier, who was positive for anti-HBe, hospitalized at the same time. A sixth patient died in August 1986 (second generation), after his initial admission in June that coincided with the terminal hospitalizations of three first-generation patients. Those patients had marked coagulopathies, and transmission to the sixth patient most probably occurred through environmental contamination by patients or through cross-contamination between patients through staff. The unusually high mortality rate (5 of 6) in this outbreak has not been definitely explained.
Development of a Substrate of Atrial Fibrillation During Chronic Atrioventricular Block in the Goat
Authors: Hans-Ruprecht Neuberger, Ulrich Schotten, Sander Verheule, Sabine Eijsbouts, Yuri Blaauw, Arne van Hunnik, Maurits Allessie
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Atrial dilatation is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). In the present study, we monitored the electrophysiological changes during progressive atrial dilatation in chronically instrumented goats. Methods and Results— In 8 goats, 2 screw-in leads with piezoelectric crystals were implanted transvenously in the right atrium. After 2 weeks, atrial diameter and effective refractory period were measured. AF paroxysms were induced by burst pacing to determine the baseline AF cycle length and stability of AF. After His-bundle ablation, the above measurements were repeated once a week. After 4 weeks of complete AV block, the free wall of the right atrium was mapped and the atrium was fixed in formalin for histological analysis. After His-bundle ablation, the ventricular rate decreased from 113.8±4.8 to 44.6±2.5 bpm. Right atrial diameter increased gradually by 13.5±3.9% during 4 weeks of AV block ( P &lt;0.01). The duration of induced AF paroxysms increased from 4.6 seconds to 6.4 minutes ( P &lt;0.05). Atrial effective refractory period and AF cycle length remained constant. Spontaneous paroxysms of AF were not observed. Atrial mapping during rapid pacing revealed that slow conduction (&lt;30 cm/s) was present in 3.7±1.0% of the mapped area (control, 0.9±0.5%, P &lt;0.05). Histological analysis showed hypertrophy without atrial fibrosis. Connexin40 and connexin43 expression was unchanged. Conclusions— Chronic AV block in the goat leads to progressive atrial dilatation, prolongation of induced AF paroxysms, and local conduction delays. The increase in AF stability was not a result of a shortening of atrial refractoriness or atrial fibrosis.
Norepinephrine Elicits β <sub>2</sub> -Receptor–Mediated Dilation of Isolated Human Coronary Arterioles
Authors: Dong Sun, An Huang, Seema Mital, Maryanne R. Kichuk, Charles C. Marboe, Linda J. Addonizio, Robert E. Michler, Akos Koller, Thomas H. Hintze, Gabor Kaley
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The exact role of adrenoceptors in norepinephrine (NE)-mediated regulation of the human coronary circulation has yet to be elucidated. Thus, the goals of this study were to characterize the adrenoceptors involved in the responses to NE in isolated human coronary arterioles and small arteries. Methods and Results — Arterioles (n=39) and small arteries from the left ventricle of explanted human hearts were isolated and cannulated. Vessels from the hearts of 21 patients were studied: 15 males and 6 females, aged 0.5 to 63 years. Nineteen patients were considered to be New York Heart Association class 4. All hearts exhibited hypertrophy (190±20%). The passive diameter of arterioles was 167±8 μm (range 97 to 323 μm). NE (10 −7 to 3×10 − 7 mol/L) elicited concentration-dependent dilations (47±4 μm) that were unaffected by endothelium removal, N ω -nitro- l -arginine (10 − 4 mol/L, an NO synthase inhibitor), or practolol (10 −6 mol/L, a β 1 -receptor blocker). However, administration of propranolol (10 −5 mol/L, a combined β 1 - and β 2 -blocker) or butoxamine (10 −6 mol/L, a β 2 -receptor blocker) completely eliminated the NE-induced dilation. Constrictions to NE (2 of 39 vessels) were inhibited by prazosin (10 −6 mol/L, an α 1 -receptor blocker). Methoxamine (10 − 9 to 10 −5 mol/L, an α 1 -agonist) had no effect, whereas U44619, a thromboxane mimetic, elicited dose-dependent constriction of vessels. Conclusions — Our data indicate that isolated human coronary arterioles and small arteries dilate to NE via β 2 -receptors on smooth muscle. These findings are important to our understanding of the mechanisms action of NE in the human coronary circulation.
Health effects of passive smoking .5. Parental smoking and allergic sensitisation in children.
Authors: D P Strachan, D G Cook
Journal: Thorax (1998)

BACKGROUND: A systematic review was conducted of the effects of parental smoking on immunoglobulin (IgE) levels, skin prick positivity, and allergic rhinitis or eczema in children. Asthma was excluded in order to distinguish more clearly the effect of passive smoke exposure on allergic sensitisation. METHODS: Thirty six relevant publications were identified after consideration of 692 articles selected by electronic search of the Embase and Medline databases using keywords relevant to passive smoking in children. The search was completed in April 1997 and identified nine studies of IgE in neonates, eight of IgE in older children, 12 which included skin prick tests, and 10 describing symptoms of allergic disease other than asthma or wheezing. A quantitative meta-analysis was possible only for the studies reporting skin prick tests. RESULTS: Several large studies failed to confirm early reports of a substantial or statistically significant association of maternal smoking with concentrations of total serum IgE in neonates or in older children. No consistent association emerged between parental smoking and allergic rhinitis or eczema. Few of these studies adjusted for potential confounding variables. The quantity and quality of evidence was greatest for skin prick tests, and studies of parental smoking during pregnancy or infancy were broadly consistent in showing no adverse effect on prick positivity (pooled odds ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.24). There was much greater and statistically significant (p = 0.002) heterogeneity of odds ratios relating current parental smoking to skin prick positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Parental smoking, either before or immediately after birth, is unlikely to increase the risk of allergic sensitisation in children.
Whole Genome Oligonucleotide-Based Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis Identified Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 As a Prognostic Marker for Advanced-Stage Serous Ovarian Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Michael J. Birrer, Michael E. Johnson, Ke Hao, Kwong-Kwok Wong, Dong-Choon Park, Aaron Bell, William R. Welch, Ross S. Berkowitz, Samuel C. Mok
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose To identify markers that can predict overall survival in patients with high-grade advanced stage serous adenocarcinomas. Patients and Methods Oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed on 42 microdissected high-grade serous ovarian tumor samples. aCGH segments were obtained and a prediction Cox model was built and validated by the standard leave one out analysis. Both DNA and mRNA copy numbers of selected genes located on the candidate aCGH segments were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses. The gene that showed the highest correlation was further validated on an independent set of specimens and was selected for further functional studies. Results Two chromosomal regions, 4p16.3 and 5q31-5q35.3, exhibited the strongest correlation with overall survival (P &lt; .01). From the 5q31 region, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) was selected for further validation study. FGF-1 mRNA copy number was significantly correlated with DNA copy number and protein expression levels (P = .021 and &lt; .001), and both FGF-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly associated with overall survival (P = .018 and .042). This association was validated for protein expression on an independent set of 81 samples, significant to P = .006. Further studies showed significant correlation between FGF-1 protein expression and CD31+ staining in the tumor stroma (P = .024). Finally, both cancer cells and endothelial cells treated with exogenous FGF-1 showed a significant increase in cell motility and survival. Conclusion Amplification of FGF-1 at 5q31 in ovarian cancer tissues leads to increased angiogenesis, and autocrine stimulation of cancer cells, which may result in poorer overall survival in patents with high-grade advanced stage serous ovarian cancer.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of suspected cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Mohamad A. Eloubeidi, Victor K. Chen, Nirag C. Jhala, Isam E. Eltoum, Darshana Jhala, David C. Chhieng, Sujath A. Syed, Selwyn M. Vickers, C. Mel Wilcox
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by <i>Geniculosporium</i> species; a new fungal pathogen, p. 346
Authors: None Suzuki, None Udagawa, None Wakita, None Yamada, None Ichikawa, None Furukawa, None Takigawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A 70-year-old Japanese timberworker dealing with imported timber from the U.S.A. and Russia had an asymptomatic subcutaneous nodule with a small fistula on his left knee. Histopathological examination of the nodule revealed brownish hyphal elements in encapsulated pyogranuloma. The fungus isolated from a discharge of the fistula and an excised specimen of the lesion was identified as Geniculosporium sp., which represents a conidial state (anamorph) of several genera such as Anthostomella, Biscogniauxia, Euepixylon, Leprieuria, Nemania, Phylacia and Rosellinia in the Xylariaceae. Whereas this dematiaceous hyphomycete is commonly found on decaying wood and bark of various trees, to our knowledge, this is the first case of a phaeomycotic cyst caused by fungi belonging to the genus Geniculosporium.
The role of supplemental oxygen during submaximal exercise in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: E.F. McKone, S.C. Barry, M.X. FitzGerald, C.G. Gallagher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Repeated bouts of submaximal exercise are an important part of most pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. Patients with moderate-to-severe cystic fibrosis (CF) often demonstrate oxygen desaturation during submaximal exercise, which may limit their ability to participate in these programmes. This study examines whether arterial desaturation contributes to submaximal exercise limitation by testing whether supplemental O 2 improves submaximal exercise capacity. Eight patients with CF (mean forced expiratory volume in one second 41% predicted) each underwent two submaximal exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer at 80% of maximal workload. The two tests were identical except for the addition of supplemental O 2 (inspiratory O 2 fraction 39%) during one of the tests. Exercise duration was significantly longer in the supplemental O 2 study versus control (673±63 s versus 835±99 s). Arterial O 2 saturation was also higher in the supplemental O 2 study than the control exercise test (96±0.3% versus 86±1.5%). There was no statistical difference at end exercise between O 2 consumption, minute ventilation and heart rate. There was a significant relationship between improvement in exercise capacity and the amount of desaturation during the control exercise test. Results indicate that supplemental oxygen improves submaximal exercise capacity in patients with moderate-to-severe cystic fibrosis. Oxygen therapy may be an important intervention to improve participation and maximise the benefits of pulmonary exercise rehabilitation programmes.
Cell kinetics analysis of background colonic mucosa of patients with intestinal neoplasms by ex vivo autoradiography.
Authors: S Nakamura, I Kino, S Baba
Journal: Gut (1988)

Studies of the cell kinetics of the colonic crypts could explain the morphogenesis of colonic adenomas and results suggest that a derangement of the proliferative zone of the colonic crypts takes place before adenoma development. This study was conducted to determine whether this is the case or not. The labelling distribution and labelling index (LI) of the colonic crypts was examined with ex vivo autoradiography. Eight patients with intestinal neoplasms, three with familial polyposis coli, four with ordinary colon cancer, and one with two colonic adenomas. Similar labelling distributions and absent upward shift of the active proliferative zone in crypts were observed in patients with familial polyposis and in those with non-polyposis cancer, or adenomas. The non-proliferative zone of the crypts was well preserved in all eight patients. The mean of the labelling index of the three patients with familial polyposis coli was 8.35% (3.17), values expressed as means (SD) and that of the five patients with non-polyposis cancer, or adenomas was 8.55% (3.20). None of the eight patients showed derangement of the proliferative zone of colonic crypts. This result is compatible with the hypothesis that adenomas are detected first as 'buds of adenomas', which sprout into the lamina propria mucosae in the middle part of normal crypts.
Metabolic Aspects of the Relationship Between the Contractility and Membrane Potentials of the Rat Atrium
Authors: J. LEYDEN WEBB, PHILIP B. HOLLANDER
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Some of the relationships between metabolism, membrane potentials and contractility in cardiac tissue have emerged from a study of the effects of anoxia, depletion of substrate and dinitrophenol on the rat atrium. The repolarization phase of the action potential was shown to be particularly sensitive to disturbances in metabolism. Depression of metabolism resulted in a more rapid repolarization, which may provisionally be interpreted as an acceleration of K + efflux; restoration of metabolism reversed this effect. A concept relating membrane potentials and metabolism is presented, involving the presence of bound ATP within the membrane.
Japanese multicenter experience of endoscopic necrosectomy for infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis: The JENIPaN study
Authors: I. Yasuda, M. Nakashima, T. Iwai, H. Isayama, T. Itoi, H. Hisai, H. Inoue, H. Kato, A. Kanno, K. Kubota, A. Irisawa, H. Igarashi, Y. Okabe, M. Kitano, H. Kawakami, T. Hayashi, T. Mukai, N. Sata, M. Kida, T. Shimosegawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Only a few large cohort studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic necrosectomy for infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Therefore, a multicenter, large cohort study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic necrosectomy and to examine the procedural details and follow-up after successful endoscopic necrosectomy. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A retrospective review was conducted in 16 leading Japanese institutions for patients who underwent endoscopic necrosectomy for infected WOPN between August 2005 and July 2011. The follow-up data were also reviewed to determine the long-term outcomes of the procedures. <b>Results</b>: Of 57 patients, 43 (75 %) experienced successful resolution after a median of 5 sessions of endoscopic necrosectomy and 21 days of treatment. Complications occurred in 19 patients (33 %) during the treatment period. Six patients died (11 %): two due to multiple organ failure and one patient each from air embolism, splenic aneurysm, hemorrhage from a Mallory – Weiss tear, and an unknown cause. Of 43 patients with successful endoscopic necrosectomy, recurrent cavity formation was observed in three patients during a median follow-up period of 27 months. <b>Conclusions</b>: Endoscopic necrosectomy can be an effective technique for infected WOPN and requires a relatively short treatment period. However, serious complications can arise, including death. Therefore, patients should be carefully selected, and knowledgeable, skilled, and experienced operators should perform the procedure. Further research into safer technologies is required in order to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes-Related Autoantibodies in Adults With Celiac Disease
Authors: Graziella Bruno, Silvia Pinach, Silvia Martini, Maurizio Cassader, Gianfranco Pagano, Carla Sategna Guidetti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Studies have shown a 4% prevalence of celiac disease in type 1 diabetic patients. Few data, however, are available on the prevalence of type 1 diabetes-related antibodies in patients with celiac disease, with studies being limited by the recruitment of low numbers of children only (1,2). We have assessed prevalence of type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies (islet cell antibody [ICA], GAD antibody [GADA], and antibodies to the protein tyrosine phosphatase-related IA-2 [anti-IA2]) in a cohort of 378 nondiabetic adults with celiac disease (89 untreated and 289 treated with a gluten-free diet), aged 33.9 …
Humoral immune response against fibrinogen epitopes citrullinated in vivo in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue detected by autoantibody multiplexing
Authors: J. Ronnelid, E. Ossipova, L. Mathsson, A. Catrina, P. Matsson, L. Israelsson, V. Malmstrom, L. Klareskog, P.-J. Jakobsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> The anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibody (ACPA) response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might be driven by key autoantigens citrullinated in the target organ. We have recently by using high definition mass spectrometry defined fibrinogen sequences which are citrullinated in RA synovial tissue.1 <h3>Objective</h3> To use a newly developed multiplexing assay to investigate the humoral immune response against such in vivo citrullinated fibrinogen epitopes. <h3>Methods</h3> The Phadia ImmunoCAP ISAC chip was used to bind four synthetic fibrinogen peptides containing citrulline as shown in vivo corresponding to the α chain positions 573 and 591, the β chain positions 72 and 74, as well as their arginine-containing control peptides. 848 RA patients and 150 controls from the Epidemiological Investigations in Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort were investigated. Peptide-specific ELISA tests were developed for validation of the microarray in a smaller group of RA sera (n=123) and controls (n=20). <h3>Results</h3> Using the 98th percentile among the controls, 13.3% (113/848) of the RA patients had antibodies against the citrullinated 573 peptide. There was a substantial reactivity also to the arginine control peptide both in RA patients and controls, not generally observed for other arginine-containing control peptides. After subtraction of the arginine response, the net immune response discriminated better between patients and controls, and using the 98th percentile for the net citrulline response among HC, 35.5% (301/848) of the RA patients were autoantibody positive. The area under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.610 for uncorrected values, but after subtraction of the readout for arginine controls the AUC increased to 0.800. The microarray showed good correlation to autoantibody levels measured with ELISA (r=0.83). The four peptides showed considerably divergent responses in ROC curve analyses both before and after correction for arginine control peptides, and the remaining three citrullinated peptides are currently validated. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study proves a substantial autoantibody reactivity against fibrinogen epitopes citrullinated in vivo in RA synovial tissue. Autoantibody multiplexing can be used for the screening humoral reactivities against large numbers of potential autoantigenic epitopes, for example, those found citrullinated in vivo. This technique also allows easy correction for autoantibody reactivity against the arginine-containing peptide backbone normally not performed with ACPA ELISA tests. Concerning the fibrinogen 573 peptide, such correction increased the diagnostic performance of autoantibody measurement considerably.
Gene expression profiling for molecular classification of multiple myeloma in newly diagnosed patients
Authors: Annemiek Broyl, Dirk Hose, Henk Lokhorst, Yvonne de Knegt, Justine Peeters, Anna Jauch, Uta Bertsch, Arjan Buijs, Marian Stevens-Kroef, H. Berna Beverloo, Edo Vellenga, Sonja Zweegman, Marie-Josée Kersten, Bronno van der Holt, Laila el Jarari, George Mulligan, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Mark van Duin, Pieter Sonneveld
Journal: Blood (2010)
Derivation of sarcomas from mesenchymal stem cells via inactivation of the Wnt pathway
Authors: Igor Matushansky, Eva Hernando, Nicholas D. Socci, Joslyn E. Mills, Tulio A. Matos, Mark A. Edgar, Samuel Singer, Robert G. Maki, Carlos Cordon-Cardo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), now termed high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, is a commonly diagnosed mesenchymal tumor, yet both the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and cell of origin remain unidentified. We present evidence demonstrating that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are the progenitors of MFH. DKK1, a Wnt inhibitor and mediator of hMSC proliferation, is overexpressed in MFH. Using recombinant proteins, antibody depletion, and siRNA knockdown strategies of specific Wnt elements, we show that DKK1 inhibits hMSC commitment to differentiation via Wnt2/beta-catenin canonical signaling and that Wnt5a/JNK noncanonical signaling regulates a viability checkpoint independent of Dkk1. Finally, we illustrate that hMSCs can be transformed via inhibition of Wnt signaling to form MFH-like tumors in nude mice, and conversely, MFH cells in which Wnt signaling is appropriately reestablished can differentiate along mature connective tissue lineages. Our results provide mechanistic insights regarding the cell of origin of MFH, establish what we believe is a novel tumor suppressor role for Wnt signaling, and identify a potential therapeutic differentiation strategy for sarcomas.
XANTHOMA DIABETICORUM WITH PURPURIC AND ULCERATING LESIONS*
Authors: J. FERGUSON SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

Journal Article XANTHOMA DIABETICORUM WITH PURPURIC AND ULCERATING LESIONS Get access J. FERGUSON SMITH J. FERGUSON SMITH Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 46, Issue 5, 1 May 1934, Pages 223–225, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb10212.x Published: 01 May 1934