tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular function in trained and untrained healthy subjects.
Authors: B Z Bar-Shlomo, M N Druck, J E Morch, G Jablonsky, J D Hilton, D H Feiglin, P R McLaughlin
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Left ventricular function was compared in 18 normal sedentary controls (mean age 28 years, range 22 - 34 years) and nine endurance-trained athletes (mean age 19 years, range 15 - 25 years) at rest and during supine bicycle exercise. Gated radionuclide angiocardiograms were performed at rest and at each level of graded maximal supine bicycle exercise. Heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and the relative changes in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were assessed. Athletes attained a much greater work load than controls (mean 22.1 kpm/kg body weight vs 13 kpm/Kg body weight). Both groups achieved similar increased in heart rate, blood pressure and ejection fractions. In the controls, the mean end-diastolic volume increased to 124% of that at rest (p less than 0.02) during exercise and the mean end-systolic volume decreased to 81% of the rest level (p less than 0.02). In contrast, the mean end-diastolic volume did not significantly change during exercise in the athletes, and the mean end-systolic volume decreased to 64% of rest (p less than 0.05). Thus, although trained and untrained healthy subjects had similar increases in the left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise, different mechanisms were used to achieve these increases. Untrained subjects increased end-diastolic volumes, whereas trained subjects decreased the end-systolic volumes. The ability of athletes to exercise without increasing preload may be an effect of training amd might have important implications in reducing myocardial oxygen demand during exercise.
Genetic adaptation of bacteria to halogenated aliphatic compounds.
Authors: D B Janssen, J R van der Ploeg, F Pries
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The bacterial degradation and detoxification of chlorinated xenobiotic compounds requires the production of enzymes that are capable of recognizing and converting compounds which do not occur at significant concentrations in nature. We have studied the catabolic route of 1,2-dichloroethane as an example of a pathway for the conversion of such a synthetic compound. In strains of Xanthobacter and Ancylobacter that have been isolated on 1,2-dichloroethane, the first catabolic step is catalyzed by a hydrolytic haloalkane dehalogenase. The enzyme converts 1,2-dichloroethane to 2-chloroethanol but is also active with many other environmentally important haloalkanes such as methylchloride, methylbromide, 1,2-dibromoethane, epichlorohydrin, and 1,3-dichloropropene. Further degradation of 2-chloroethanol proceeds by oxidation to the carboxylic acid and dehalogenation to glycolate. The aldehyde dehydrogenase prevents toxicity of the reactive chloroacetaldehyde that is formed as an intermediate and is necessary for establishing a functional 2-chloroethanol degradative pathway in a strain that is not capable of growth on this compound.
Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 formation in response to adrenergic stimulation in humans: a mechanism for local control of vascular response to sympathetic activation?
Authors: G. G N. SERNERI, G. MASOTTI, G. F GENSINI, L. POGGESI, R. ABBATE, M. MANNELLI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 formation in response to adrenergic stimulation in humans: a mechanism for local control of vascular response to sympathetic activation? Get access GIAN G NERI SERNERI, GIAN G NERI SERNERI * *Address for reprint requests. Professor Gian G Neri Serneri, Istituto di Clinica Medica IV, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GIULIO MASOTTI, GIULIO MASOTTI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GIAN F GENSINI, GIAN F GENSINI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LOREDANA POGGESI, LOREDANA POGGESI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROSANNA ABBATE, ROSANNA ABBATE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MASSIMO MANNELLI MASSIMO MANNELLI †University of Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 5, May 1981, Pages 287–295, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.5.287 Published: 01 May 1981
Ten to Thirteen Year Follow-up on Patients after a Blalock-Taussig Operation
Authors: HELEN B. TAUSSIG, HILARY CRAWFORD, SALVATORE PELARGONIO, STELLA ZACHARIOUDAKIS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Analysis of 224 patients who were living 5 years after operation showed that at the end of 10 to 13 years, 40 per cent were still doing well, 46 per cent had failed to maintain improvement, 2 per cent had developed cardiac failure, and 12 per cent had died. The majority of patients who had failed to maintain improvement suffered from increasing cyanosis and dyspnea associated with a small heart and clear lung fields; hence these patients can be helped by a second operation:— either a second anastomosis or total correction. The results of a second anastomosis have, however, not been as satisfactory as the first anastomosis. Clearly total correction is the ideal. The age at which total correction is indicated depends not only on the skill of the surgeon but on the severity of the abnormality. The long-time results of total correction are unknown. Inasmuch as abnormal tissue does not grow as fast as normal tissue, the possibility exists that the area in which tissue has been excised and a patch inserted may fail to grow or even contract and cause the right ventricle to become abnormally small. Analysis of the results at the end of 5, 10, and 13 years showed that only 10 patients (less than 5 per cent) had required a second operation at the end of a years and only 20 per cent had required a second operation in the ensuing 5 years. Older patients, i.e., those between 8 and 12 years, had done far better than younger children. Only two of a group of 38 children operated upon between 8 and 12 years of age had required a second operation within 10 years. Thus a Blalock-Taussig operation offers the child an excellent chance to attain the major part of his growth before total correction is undertaken. A further advantage of an early anastomotic procedure is that it restores the pulmonary vascular bed to normal and thereby renders it easier for the lungs to adjust to the full circulatory load placed on them at the time of the total correction. The conclusion is reached, therefore, that for infants and small children a Blalock-Taussig operation is preferable. For children who have attained or nearly attained full growth, total correction is the ideal. For many patients, especially those between 8 and 12 years of age for whom total correction is not possible, a simple Blalock-Taussig operation offers an extremely good prognosis.
The Role of Adjunctive Exenatide Therapy in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Vandana S. Raman, Kimberly J. Mason, Luisa M. Rodriguez, Krishnavathana Hassan, Xiaoying Yu, Lisa Bomgaars, Rubina A. Heptulla
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Exenatide improves postprandial glycemic excursions in type 2 diabetes. Exenatide could benefit type 1 diabetes as well. We aimed to determine an effective and safe glucose-lowering adjuvant exenatide dose in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eight subjects completed a three-part double-blinded randomized controlled study of premeal exenatide. Two doses of exenatide (1.25 and 2.5 μg) were compared with insulin monotherapy. Prandial insulin dose was reduced by 20%. Gastric emptying and hormones were analyzed for 300 min postmeal. RESULTS Treatment with both doses of exenatide versus insulin monotherapy significantly reduced glucose excursions over 300 min (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Exenatide administration failed to suppress glucagon but delayed gastric emptying (P &amp;lt; 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive exenatide therapy reduces postprandial hyperglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This reduction in glucose excursion occurs despite reduction in insulin dose. We suggest that exenatide has therapeutic potential as adjunctive therapy in type 1 diabetes.
Shear stress affects the intracellular distribution of eNOS: direct demonstration by a novel in vivo technique
Authors: Caroline Cheng, Rien van Haperen, Monique de Waard, Luc C. A. van Damme, Dennie Tempel, Laurens Hanemaaijer, Gert W. A. van Cappellen, Joop Bos, Cornelis J. Slager, Dirk J. Duncker, Anton F. W. van der Steen, Rini de Crom, Rob Krams
Journal: Blood (2005)
Risk of narcolepsy in children and young people receiving AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine: retrospective analysis
Authors: E. Miller, N. Andrews, L. Stellitano, J. Stowe, A. M. Winstone, J. Shneerson, C. Verity
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the risk of narcolepsy in children and adolescents in England targeted for vaccination with ASO3 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 vaccine (Pandemrix) from October 2009. <b>Design</b> Retrospective analysis. Clinical information and results of sleep tests were extracted from hospital notes between August 2011 and February 2012 and reviewed by an expert panel to confirm the diagnosis. Vaccination and clinical histories were obtained from general practitioners. <b>Setting</b> Sleep centres and paediatric neurology centres in England. <b>Participants</b> Children and young people aged 4-18 with onset of narcolepsy from January 2008. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The odds of vaccination in those with narcolepsy compared with the age matched English population after adjustment for clinical conditions that were indications for vaccination. The incidence of narcolepsy within six months of vaccination compared with the incidence outside this period measured with the self controlled cases series method. <b>Results</b> Case notes for 245 children and young people were reviewed; 75 had narcolepsy (56 with cataplexy) and onset after 1 January 2008. Eleven had been vaccinated before onset; seven within six months. In those with a diagnosis by July 2011 the odds ratio was 14.4 (95% confidence interval 4.3 to 48.5) for vaccination at any time before onset and 16.2 (3.1 to 84.5) for vaccination within six months before onset. The relative incidence from the self controlled cases series analysis in those with a diagnosis by July 2011 with onset from October 2008 to December 2010 was 9.9 (2.1 to 47.9). The attributable risk was estimated as between 1 in 57 500 and 1 in 52 000 doses. <b>Conclusion</b> The increased risk of narcolepsy after vaccination with ASO3 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 vaccine indicates a causal association, consistent with findings from Finland. Because of variable delay in diagnosis, however, the risk might be overestimated by more rapid referral of vaccinated children.
Data driven attempt to create a clinical algorithm for identification of women with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk of osteoporosis
Authors: T. K Kvien
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To examine relations between osteoporosis and low bone mass and demographic and clinical variables in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in an attempt to develop a data driven clinical tool for identification of patients at high risk of osteoporosis. <h3>METHODS</h3> All patients were recruited from a county based register and were examined cross sectionally with a variety of clinical and health status measures as well as bone density measures (anteroposterior spine L2-4, total hip, and femoral neck). Associations between osteoporosis (T score ⩽−2.5SD) and low bone mass (T score ⩽−1SD), on the one hand, and demographic and clinical measures, on the other, were examined bivariately and by logistic regression analyses. <h3>RESULTS</h3> 394 patients with a mean age of 54.8 years were examined. The percentages having osteoporosis/low bone mass were 16.8/45.8, 14.7/54.5 and 14.7/55.5 in spine L2-4, total hip, and femoral neck, respectively. Osteoporosis and low bone mass were bivariately related to age, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, disease process measures, presence of deformed joints, physical disability, current use of corticosteroids, and history of non-vertebral fracture. In multivariate analyses, age &gt;60 years, low BMI, and current use of corticosteroids were consistently related to osteoporosis and to low bone mass at all sites. The presence of deformed joints was associated with osteoporosis at the total hip, and a history of previous non-vertebral fracture with osteoporosis at the femoral neck. The Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ) ⩾1.5 and non-vertebral fracture were also independently associated with low bone mass at the hip. The logistic regression analyses models could, however, only predict osteoporosis with a sensitivity of about 50–60% and a specificity of 80–90% at the various measurement sites, and low bone mass with a sensitivity and specificity of about 70%. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Consideration of demographic and disease markers may be of some help in predicting presence of osteoporosis or low bone mass, but a combination of markers cannot be used as a clinical tool with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the identification of osteoporosis or low bone mass in patients with RA.
TGF-β–Induced Upregulation of <i>malat1</i> Promotes Bladder Cancer Metastasis by Associating with suz12
Authors: Yu Fan, Bing Shen, Mingyue Tan, Xinyu Mu, Yan Qin, Fang Zhang, Yong Liu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: TGF-β promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by inducing an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the underlying mechanisms causing this are not entirely clear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been shown to play important regulatory roles in cancer progression. The lncRNA malat1 (metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is a critical regulator of the metastasis phenotype of lung cancer cells. Experimental Design: We, therefore, investigated whether TGF-β regulates malat1 expression to promote tumor metastasis of bladder cancer. The expression levels of malat1 and EMT markers were assayed in specimens of bladder cancer. The role of malat1 in regulating bladder cancer metastasis was evaluated in cell and animal models. Results: TGF-β induces malat1 expression and EMT in bladder cancer cells. malat1 overexpression is significantly correlated with poor survival in patients with bladder cancer. malat1 and E-cadherin expression is negatively correlated in vitro and in vivo. malat1 knockdown inhibits TGF-β–induced EMT. malat1 is associated with suppressor of zeste 12 (suz12), and this association results in decrease of E-cadherin expression and increase of N-cadherin and fibronectin expression. Furthermore, targeted inhibition of malat1 or suz12 suppresses the migratory and invasive properties induced by TGF-β. Finally, we demonstrated that malat1 or suz12 knockdown inhibits tumor metastasis in animal models. Conclusion: These data suggest that malat1 is an important mediator of TGF-β–induced EMT, and suggest that malat1 inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic option for suppressing bladder cancer progression. Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1531–41. ©2014 AACR.
The CAN questionnaire relates differences in the quality of life of asthmatics (PAQL)
Authors: Manuel Praena Crespo, Nieves Aquino Llinares, Juan Carlos Fernandez-Truan, Carmen Candela-Fúster, Javier Gálvez-González, Concepción Segovia-Ferrera
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  The CAN is a questionnaire developed and validated in Spanish to assess the degree of asthma control. The asthma poorly controlled, affects the quality of life.  Objectives:  Verify that CAN scores relates differences in quality of life measured with the PAQL.  Methods  Descriptive and inferential study in asthmatic adolescents both genders, of 10 to 13 years old at schools in Andalusia. We use CAN and PAQL (self-administered version) and analyzed the data using regression techniques and inference nonparametric (Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis)  Results  We studied 401 students with asthma (180 women). Of these, 125 have controlled asthma (CAN   Conclusions:  The CAN is an asthma control questionnaire that discriminate differences in asthma quality of life.
Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus prednisone alone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: patient-reported outcome results of a randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Ethan Basch, Karen Autio, Charles J Ryan, Peter Mulders, Neal Shore, Thian Kheoh, Karim Fizazi, Christopher J Logothetis, Dana Rathkopf, Matthew R Smith, Paul N Mainwaring, Yanni Hao, Thomas Griffin, Susan Li, Michael L Meyers, Arturo Molina, Charles Cleeland
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
A congenital abnormality of the olecranon fossa
Authors: J. G. P. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1972)

[Aim] Accumulated leukocytes in the lungs produce several inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which will induce ALI/ARDS. It has been reported that hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) gas has potential as eliminating highly reactive ROS and RNS. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of H<sub>2</sub> gas inhalation on direct lung injury and indirect contralateral lung injury. [Methods] Anesthetized C57BL/6J male mice were intubated, and 5 μl of 0.1N HCl was administered to the left lung. Mice were randomly grouped to saline treatment instead of HCl (Sham), HCl-treatment (HCl), and 2% H<sub>2 </sub>gas inhalation with the HCl-treatment (HCl-H<sub>2</sub>) groups. Extra-vascular wet to dry ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the treated left lung and untreated right lung, and serum IL-6 level were evaluated 4 hrs after the treatment. [Results] This aspiration pneumonia model induced direct lung injury and contralateral lung injury. The extra-vascular wet to dry ratios of the left and right lungs were significantly larger in the HCl group compared to the Sham and the HCl-H<sub>2 </sub>group (n=10, <i>P</i>&lt;0.01), suggesting that H<sub>2</sub> gas was effective not only in the direct injured lung but also in contralateral lung. MPO activity of the left lung was also significantly larger in the HCl group compared to those in the Sham and HCl-H<sub>2</sub> groups (n=3,<i> P</i>&lt;0.05). IL-6 was increased in the HCl group, but it did not statistically differ to the level in the HCl-H<sub>2</sub> group, suggesting H<sub>2</sub> gas did not interfere in the cytokine production. [Conclusion] H<sub>2 </sub>gas inhalation ameliorated direct lung injury and indirect contralateral lung injury in a murine aspiration pneumonia model.
Arteriolar wall thickening in hypertensive rats unrelated to pressure or sympathoadrenergic influences.
Authors: W C Plunkett, H W Overbeck
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We have previously reported that experimental aortic coarctation in rats is accompanied by non-pressure-related increases in the wall-to-lumen ratio (W/L) of cremaster arterioles. To investigate the role of the sympathoadrenergic system in this arteriolar wall thickening, we partially constricted or sham-constricted the abdominal aorta in adrenal-demedullated, 6-week-old rats that had had guanethidine injections to produce peripheral sympathectomy (S rats, n = 17 coarcted, 16 sham-coarcted) and in sham-demedullated, sham-sympathectomized control rats (SS rats, n = 13 coarcted, 15 sham-coarcted). In both SS and S rats with coarctation, tail and femoral arterial and conscious abdominal aortic pressures were not increased but carotid pressures rose by greater than 30% (p less than 0.01), accompanied by 46-75% increases in cardiac ventricular weight/body weight. In coarcted rats, 4-6 weeks after aortic constriction, compared with sham-coarcted rats, whether S or SS, observation of the cremaster microcirculation revealed increased wall area, wall thickness, and W/L of third- to fifth-order arterioles, both in the resting state and after maximal relaxation with topical nitroprusside. For example, in coarcted S rats wall area after nitroprusside was elevated by 24%, 39%, and 37% in third-, fourth-, and fifth-order arterioles (p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that arteriolar wall thickening in hypertension may occur independently of intra-arterial pressure or sympathoadrenergic influences. Humoral growth factors may be involved.
Recent trends in resection rates among non-small cell lung cancer patients in England
Authors: Sharma P Riaz, Karen M Linklater, Richard Page, Michael D Peake, Henrik Møller, Margreet Lüchtenborg
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Lung cancer resection rates are low in England, but reports have indicated an increase in recent years. We analysed the recent trends in surgical resection by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation and surgical procedure in England.Data on 286 217 patients with non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed between 1998 and 2008 were extracted from the English Cancer Repository Dataset and information on surgical resection for these patients was retrieved from linked Hospital Episode Statistics records. We calculated the OR of undergoing surgery per 1-year increment by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation and surgical procedure. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the association between age and type of surgery.The proportion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing surgery increased from 8.8% in 1998 to 10.6% in 2008. The increase was similar between levels of socioeconomic deprivation, slightly more pronounced among women (OR=1.023 per 1-year calendar increment, 95% CI 1.016 to 1.029) than men (OR=1.010, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.015) and most prominent with increasing age (75-79 age group: OR 1.051, 95% CI 1.041 to 1.062; 80-84 age group: OR 1.102, 95% CI 1.080 to 1.124; and 85+ age group: OR 1.130, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.193). Increasing age was associated with a decreased likelihood of undergoing pneumonectomy (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.89 per 5-year age increment) or sleeve resection (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.79) compared with lobectomy, and a slightly increased likelihood of undergoing a wedge resection (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10).Resection rates have increased in England in recent years and most markedly so in the older age groups.