tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antidiuretic Action of the Urine of Patients in Cardiac Failure
Authors: BERNARD A. BERCU, STANLEY N. ROKAW, EDWARD MASSIE
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Stimulated by the increasing interest in the operation of antidiuretic principles and the recent development of new concepts of the mechanism of heart failure, this investigation was planned to study antidiuretic effects of the urine of patients with heart failure. It is noteworthy that an antidiuretic effect was induced in hydrated dogs by the intravenous injection of concentrated dialyzed urine of 12 of 15 patients with congestive heart failure. No such effect was exerted by urine from normal controls. Additional studies indicated that the antidiuresis could not be attributed to a substance with the characteristics of commercial Pitressin.
Redirecting<i>In vivo</i>Elicited Tumor Infiltrating Macrophages and Dendritic Cells towards Tumor Rejection
Authors: Cristiana Guiducci, Alain P. Vicari, Sabina Sangaletti, Giorgio Trinchieri, Mario P. Colombo
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract A hostile tumor microenvironment interferes with the development and function of the adaptive immune response. Here we report the mechanisms by which large numbers of tumor-infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) can be redirected to become potent effectors and activators of the innate and adaptive immunity, respectively. We use adenoviral delivery of the CCL16 chemokine to promote accumulation of macrophages and DC at the site of preestablished tumor nodules, combined with the Toll-like receptor 9 ligand CpG and with anti–interleukin-10 receptor antibody. CpG plus anti–interleukin-10 receptor antibody promptly switched infiltrating macrophages infiltrate from M2 to M1 and triggered innate response debulking large tumors within 16 hours. Tumor-infiltrating DC matured and migrated in parallel with the onset of the innate response, allowing the triggering of adaptive immunity before the diffuse hemorrhagic necrosis halted the communication between tumor and draining lymph nodes. Treatment of B6&amp;gt;CXB6 chimeras implanted with BALB/c tumors with the above combination induced an efficient innate response but not CTL-mediated tumor lysis. In these mice, tumor rejection did not exceed 25%, similarly to that observed in CCR7-null mice that have DC unable to prime an adaptive response. The requirement of CD4 help was shown in CD40-KO, as well as in mice depleted of CD4 T cells, during the priming rather than the effector phase. Our data describe the critical requirements for the immunologic rejection of large tumors: a hemorrhagic necrosis initiated by activated M1 macrophages and a concomitant DC migration to draining lymph nodes for subsequent CTL priming and clearing of any tumor remnants.
Progress in tuberculosis control and the evolving public-health system in China
Authors: Longde Wang, Jianjun Liu, Daniel P Chin
Journal: The Lancet (2007)

China has the world's second largest tuberculosis epidemic, but progress in tuberculosis control was slow during the 1990s. Detection of tuberculosis had stagnated at around 30% of the estimated total of new cases, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was a major problem. These signs of inadequate tuberculosis control can be linked to a malfunctioning health system. The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, brought to light substantial weaknesses in the country's public-health system. After the SARS epidemic was brought under control, the government increased its commitment and leadership to tackle public-health problems and, among other efforts, increased public-health funding, revised laws that concerned the control of infectious diseases, implemented the world's largest internet-based disease reporting system, and started a programme to rebuild local public-health facilities. These measures contributed to acceleration in efforts to control tuberculosis. By 2005, the detection of cases of tuberculosis had increased to 80% of the estimated total new cases, permitting China to achieve the 2005 global tuberculosis control targets. At the same time, specific efforts to improve tuberculosis control also contributed to strengthening of the public-health system. We examine how the strengthening of a disease control programme and the public-health system worked together to achieve a desired health outcome.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation, antiphospholipid antibodies, and ischaemic necrosis of extremities.
Authors: A G Bird, R Lendrum, R A Asherson, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

A middle aged woman presented with acute, severe, intravascular coagulation leading to ischaemic necrosis of the extremities. Pulmonary involvement required artificial ventilation, and there was evidence of hepatic, pancreatic, and renal damage, which resolved without complication. These events may have been triggered by the ingestion of compound diuretic tablets. The finding of the 9lupus anticoagulant9 and anticardiolipin antibodies, together with high titre antinuclear factor in the serum, and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen (RNP), and a past history of spontaneous abortion, suggest that this was a dramatic manifestation of an immune connective tissue disorder.
Response and Resistance in a Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patient With an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation and Leptomeningeal Metastases Treated With High-Dose Gefitinib
Authors: David M. Jackman, Alison J. Holmes, Neal Lindeman, Patrick Y. Wen, Santosh Kesari, Ana M. Borras, Christopher Bailey, Francisca de Jong, Pasi A. Jänne, Bruce E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfected patients are at high risk of developing precancerous anal lesions (anal intraepithelial neoplasia) and anal malignancies. 1The natural history (that is, progression and persistence) of HPV-associated lesions is accelerated by HIV-related immunosuppression, which may result in the reactivation of previously acquired HPV infection and loss of control of HPV viral replication. 2The longer life expectancy of these coinfected patients in the era of HAART provides an opportunity for invasive anal carcinoma to develop from its dysplastic precursor.The prognosis of anal squamous cell carcinoma is poor in HIV-positive patients, who often present with advanced tumors. 3The appropriate treatment of patients with advanced anal cancer and HIV infection is uncertain. 4oncomitant radiation therapy and chemotherapy (fluorouracil and mitomycin-C) is the current standard of care for HIV-negative patients with invasive anal carcinoma, and that approach has been investigated and applied successfully in HIV-positive patients with similar anal cancers, particularly those with CD4ϩ T-lymphocyte counts greater than 200 cells/L. 5,6HIV-positive patients with anal cancer treated with HAART tend to fare better than those patients who are not receiving HAART. 7It is prudent to point out that our patient never had an anal Papanicolaou (Pap) test (Fig 3, high-grade dysplastic squamous cells; ThinPrep, Cytyc Corporation, Marlborough, MA).HIV-associated anal carcinoma appears to mirror cervical carcinoma in unscreened women, presenting late in the course of the disease and having a protracted, ultimately fatal, course. 8Screening of HIV-positive patients for anorectal dysplasia and/or malignancy by means of an anal Pap test could save lives.
Phase III Study of Cisplatin With or Without Paclitaxel in Stage IVB, Recurrent, or Persistent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: David H. Moore, John A. Blessing, Richard P. McQuellon, Howard T. Thaler, David Cella, Jo Benda, David S. Miller, George Olt, Stephanie King, John F. Boggess, Thomas F. Rocereto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To determine whether cisplatin plus paclitaxel (C+P) improved response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), or survival compared with cisplatin alone in patients with stage IVB, recurrent, or persistent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible: patients with measurable disease, performance status (PS) 0 to 2, and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function received either cisplatin 50 mg/m2 or C+P (cisplatin 50 mg/m2 plus paclitaxel 135 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for six cycles. Tumor measurements and quality-of-life (QOL) assessments were obtained before each treatment cycle.Of 280 patients entered, 6% were ineligible. Among 264 eligible patients, 134 received cisplatin and 130 received C+P. Groups were well matched with respect to age, ethnicity, PS, tumor grade, disease site, and number of cycles received. The majority of all patients had prior radiation therapy (cisplatin, 92%; C+P, 91%). Objective responses occurred in 19% (6% complete plus 13% partial) of patients receiving cisplatin versus 36% (15% complete plus 21% partial) receiving C+P (P = .002). The median PFS was 2.8 and 4.8 months, respectively, for cisplatin versus C+P (P < .001). There was no difference in median survival (8.8 months v 9.7 months). Grade 3 to 4 anemia and neutropenia were more common in the combination arm. There was no significant difference in QOL scores, although a disproportionate number of patients (cisplatin, n = 50; C+P, n = 33) dropped out of the QOL component, presumably because of increasing disease, deteriorating health status, or early death. CONCLUSION C+P is superior to cisplatin alone with respect to response rate and PFS with sustained QOL.
Assessing 2-Month Clinical Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Anne-Claire Barbot, Pascale Mussault, Pierre Ingrand, Jean-Marc Tourani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

The aim of this study was to assess clinical, laboratory, and subjective (patient's preferences) prognostic factors in hospitalized patients with advanced solid tumors.This prospective study surveyed 177 patients from two French hospitals who had not reached the stage of active dying but had an estimated survival of less than 6 months (median survival, 58 days).Univariate analysis showed that 10 of the 13 clinical and laboratory factors reported in the literature affected survival at 2 months. Poor prognostic factors were number of metastatic sites, cerebral metastasis, low Karnofsky index, dyspnea at rest, anorexia, edema, confusion, low serum albumin, extremely high leukocyte counts, and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The patient's desire to continue curative treatment was also associated with survival. The multivariate analysis selected four independent criteria: Karnofsky index (in three classes: <or= 30%, 40% to 60%, or >or= 70%), number of metastatic sites (>or= two or < two), low serum albumin (in three classes: <or= 24, 24 to 33, and >or= 33 g/L), and LDH concentration (>or= 600 IU or < 600 IU). The combination of these four criteria assessed prognosis better than the Karnofsky index alone, producing three prognostic profiles: one with short survival (< 2 months: no patient survived to 4 months); one with an expectation of intermediate survival (25% were alive at 4 months), and a final group surviving for several months (80% were alive at 4 months).The prognostic profiles defined by combinations of these four factors may be potentially useful but need further validation before their application in the daily practice.
Genetic factors conferring an increased susceptibility to develop Crohn's disease also influence disease phenotype: results from the IBDchip European Project
Authors: Isabelle Cleynen, Juan R González, Carolina Figueroa, Andre Franke, Dermot McGovern, Martin Bortlík, Bart J A Crusius, Maurizio Vecchi, Marta Artieda, Magdalena Szczypiorska, Johannes Bethge, David Arteta, Edgar Ayala, Silvio Danese, Ruud A van Hogezand, Julian Panés, Salvador Amado Peña, Milan Lukas, Derek P Jewell, Stefan Schreiber, Severine Vermeire, Miquel Sans
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Through genome-wide association scans and meta-analyses thereof, over 70 genetic loci (Crohn9s disease (CD) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) are significantly associated with CD. We aimed to investigate the influence of CD-SNPs and basic patient characteristics on CD clinical course, and develop statistical models to predict CD clinical course. <h3>Design</h3> This retrospective study included 1528 patients with CD with more than 10 years of follow-up from eight European referral hospitals. CD outcomes of interest were ileal (L1), colonic (L2) and ileocolonic disease location (L3); stenosing (B2) or penetrating behaviour (B3); perianal disease; extraintestinal manifestations; and bowel resection. A complicated disease course was defined as stenosing or penetrating behaviour, perianal disease and/or bowel resection. Association between CD-SNPs or patient characteristics and specified outcomes was studied. <h3>Results</h3> Several CD-SNPs and clinical characteristics were statistically associated with outcomes of interest. The <i>NOD2</i> gene was the most important genetic factor, being an independent predictive factor for ileal location (p=2.02×10<sup>-06</sup>, OR=1.90), stenosing (p=3.16×10<sup>-06</sup>, OR=1.82) and penetrating (p=1.26×10<sup>-02</sup>, OR=1.25) CD behaviours, and need for surgery (p=2.28×e-05, OR=1.73), and as such was also the strongest factor associated with a complicated disease course (p=6.86×10<sup>-06</sup>, OR=2.96). Immunomodulator (azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate) use within 3 years after diagnosis led to a reduction in bowel stenoses (p=1.48×10<sup>-06</sup>, OR=0.35) and surgical rate (p=1.71×10<sup>-07</sup>, OR=0.34). Association between each outcome and genetic scores, created using significant SNPs in the univariate analysis, revealed large differences in the probability of developing fistulising disease (<i>IL23R</i>, LOC441108, <i>PRDM1</i>, <i>NOD2;</i> p=9.64e-4, HR=1.43), need for surgery (<i>IRGM</i>, <i>TNFSF15</i>, C13ORF31, <i>NOD2</i>; p=7.12×10<sup>-03</sup>, HR=1.35), and stenosing disease (<i>NOD2</i>, <i>JAK2</i>, <i>ATG16L1;</i> p=3.01×10<sup>-02</sup>, HR=1.29) among patients with low and high score. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This large multicentre cohort study has found several genetic and clinical factors influencing the clinical course of CD. <i>NOD2</i> and early immunomodulator use are the clinically most meaningful predictors for its clinical course.
NEW GROWTHS OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: R. H. J. Swan
Journal: BMJ (1933)

The two latter are considered by some authorities to constitute " closed " tuberculosis, but the term does not appear to be quite accurate, as the pelvis is so exten- sively involved.It is difficult to place this particular specimen in the groups mentioned.If placed in Group 3 almost complete destruction of the whole kidney would be implied, and this is far from being the case.Such a specimen might be rightly considered as one of " closed renal tuberculosis," and be placed accordingly in a final and fifth group under that heading.The term " closed " could then be considered inadmissible in cases falling into Groups 3 and 4.I am greatly indebted to Professor Seymour Barling for permission to publish this case and for his advice and help.
Transfusion of human volunteers with older, stored red blood cells produces extravascular hemolysis and circulating non–transferrin-bound iron
Authors: Eldad A. Hod, Gary M. Brittenham, Genia B. Billote, Richard O. Francis, Yelena Z. Ginzburg, Jeanne E. Hendrickson, Jeffrey Jhang, Joseph Schwartz, Shruti Sharma, Sujit Sheth, Anthony N. Sireci, Hannah L. Stephens, Brie A. Stotler, Boguslaw S. Wojczyk, James C. Zimring, Steven L. Spitalnik
Journal: Blood (2011)
Osmosensory Mechanisms in Cellular and Systemic Volume Regulation
Authors: Stine Falsig Pedersen, András Kapus, Else K. Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Perturbations of cellular and systemic osmolarity severely challenge the function of all organisms and are consequently regulated very tightly. Here we outline current evidence on how cells sense volume perturbations, with particular focus on mechanisms relevant to the kidneys and to extracellular osmolarity and whole body volume homeostasis. There are a variety of molecular signals that respond to perturbations in cell volume and osmosensors or volume sensors responding to these signals. The early signals of volume perturbation include integrins, the cytoskeleton, receptor tyrosine kinases, and transient receptor potential channels. We also present current evidence on the localization and function of central and peripheral systemic osmosensors and conclude with a brief look at the still limited evidence on pathophysiological conditions associated with deranged sensing of cell volume.
THE EFFECT OF MEPROBAMATE (MILTOWN<sup>®</sup>), RO 1-9569/12 (NITOMAN<sup>®</sup>), AND SCH-6673 (TINDAL<sup>®</sup>) ON THE ODOR OF SCHIZOPHRENIC SWEAT
Authors: KATHLEEN SMITH, ALFONSO CORZO MOODY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)
Primary Mesothelioma of the Pericardium
Authors: JOHN THOMAS, JAMES M. PHYTHYON
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Mesotheliomas of the pericardium are one of the causes of sanguineous pericardial effusion. Clinical and pathologic features of a case of this rare condition are presented. Certain clinical manifestations and laboratory findings that may serve as a basis for future antemortemn diagnosis are emphasized.
Oral lenalidomide with rituximab in relapsed or refractory diffuse large cell, follicular and transformed lymphoma: a phase II clinical trial
Authors: M Wang, N Fowler, N Wagner-Bartak, L Feng, J Romaguera, S S Neelapu, F Hagemeister, M Fanale, Y Oki, B Pro, J Shah, S Thomas, A Younes, C Hosing, L Zhang, K J Newberry, M Desai, N Cheng, M Badillo, M Bejarano, Y Chen, K H Young, R Champlin, L Kwak, L Fayad
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Measuring participation in UK medical schools: More insight is needed
Authors: J Alastair Lack
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In their article on medical school admissions Seyan et al pay no attention to the three major determinants of academic aptitude for any career—IQ, EQ (emotional quotient), and education.1 Testing for aptitude for a career as broad as medicine is challenging, but certainly an adequate IQ as …
1353 A PHASE IIB STUDY OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LB80380 VS ENTECAVIR IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: C.L. Lai, S.H. Ahn, K.S. Lee, S.H. Um, M. Cho, S.K. Yoon, J.W. Lee, N.W. Park, Y.O. Kwon, J.H. Sohn, J.Y. Lee, H.E. Park, J.A. Kim, K.H. Han, M.F. Yuen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
D538G Mutation in Estrogen Receptor-α: A Novel Mechanism for Acquired Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Keren Merenbakh-Lamin, Noa Ben-Baruch, Adva Yeheskel, Addie Dvir, Lior Soussan-Gutman, Rinath Jeselsohn, Roman Yelensky, Myles Brown, Vincent A. Miller, David Sarid, Shulamith Rizel, Baruch Klein, Tami Rubinek, Ido Wolf
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Resistance to endocrine therapy occurs in virtually all patients with estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive metastatic breast cancer, and is attributed to various mechanisms including loss of ERα expression, altered activity of coregulators, and cross-talk between the ERα and growth factor signaling pathways. To our knowledge, acquired mutations of the ERα have not been described as mediating endocrine resistance. Samples of 13 patients with metastatic breast cancer were analyzed for mutations in cancer-related genes. In five patients who developed resistance to hormonal therapy, a mutation of A to G at position 1,613 of ERα, resulting in a substitution of aspartic acid at position 538 to glycine (D538G), was identified in liver metastases. Importantly, the mutation was not detected in the primary tumors obtained prior to endocrine treatment. Structural modeling indicated that D538G substitution leads to a conformational change in the ligand-binding domain, which mimics the conformation of activated ligand-bound receptor and alters binding of tamoxifen. Indeed, experiments in breast cancer cells indicated constitutive, ligand-independent transcriptional activity of the D538G receptor, and overexpression of it enhanced proliferation and conferred resistance to tamoxifen. These data indicate a novel mechanism of acquired endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Further studies are needed to assess the frequency of D538G-ERα among patients with breast cancer and explore ways to inhibit its activity and restore endocrine sensitivity.
Zoledronic acid to prevent bone loss in the first 6 months after renal transplantation
Authors: Martin Haas, Zdenka Leko-Mohr, Paul Roschger, Josef Kletzmayr, Christoph Schwarz, Christa Mitterbauer, Rudolf Steininger, Stefan Grampp, Klaus Klaushofer, Günter Delling, Rainer Oberbauer
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Oral Antihyperglycemic Agents and Renal Disease
Authors: Jean-Franc[COMBINING CEDILLA]ois Yale
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and UK Prospective Diabetes Study trials in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, have proved the importance of intensive glucose management in the prevention of microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy). Both trials showed encouraging trends for a decrease in macrovascular complications, and this is being pursued in new studies. These findings have led to more strict goals for glucose control. As glucose levels are aimed to be closer to the normal range, the risk for hypoglycemia also increases dramatically. The choice of the agent therefore is more influenced currently by the risk for hypoglycemia. There are presently four classes of oral antihyperglycemic agents. These agents differ greatly in terms of mechanisms of action, efficacy, side effect profiles, and cost. Except for Acarbose, all classes decrease the glycosylated hemoglobin by a similar magnitude: 1.0 to 1.5%. In chronic renal failure, the oral agents that can be used therefore include the insulin secretagogues repaglinide and nateglinide and the thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) with caution. Insulin also can be used safely in renal failure.
A British family with herediatary pancreatitis.
Authors: J R Sibert
Journal: Gut (1975)

A family with hereditary pancreatitis is described. Nine family members definitely have had pancreatitis, whilst 15 more are suspected of having the disease. The condition presents as recurrent attacks of epigastric or central abdominal pain, sometimes radiating to the back, often associated with vomiting. The attacks of pain usually last three to four days. The inheritance fits well with an autosomal dominant pattern with limited penetrance, as it does in other families described in the literature. There is no aminoaciduria as has been described in some previously reported families. The attacks of pain start in childhood or young adult life (mean age of onset inthis family is 12-6 years) and appear to cease in this family by the age of 40 years. The diagnosis of pancreatitis in members of the family who have had confirmed pancreatitis was made by finding a raised serum amylase concentration in four cases, at laparotomy in four cases, and by pancreatic calcification seen on radiography in one case, The literature on the condition is reviewed, and it is speculated that the condition may have been underdiagnosed in Britain.