tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Renal Impairment after Immersion and Near-Drowning
Authors: S. TIMOTHY SPICER, DAVID QUINN, NYEIN N. NYI NYI, BRIAN J. NANKIVELL, JAMES M. HAYES, ELLIOTT SAVDIE
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Acute renal impairment (ARI) secondary to immersion and near-drowning is rarely described and poorly understood. A retrospective case-control study was performed: ( 1 ) to determine the incidence of ARI associated with near-drowning or immersion and ( 2 ) to define the clinical syndrome and to assess clinical predictors of ARI. Of 30 patients presenting after immersion or near-drowning, 50% were identified with ARI, with a mean admission serum creatinine of 0.24 ± 0.33 mmol/L (2.7 ± 3.7 mg/dl). These patients were a heterogeneous group: Eight had mild reversible ARI, three had ARI related to shock and multisystem failure, two had rhabdomyolysis-related ARI, and two had severe isolated ARI. Two patients required supportive hemodialysis and two died. Patients with ARI experienced more marked acidosis than control patients, as measured by serum bicarbonate ( P &lt; 0.001), pH ( P &lt; 0.001), and base excess ( P &lt; 0.001). There was also a higher admission lymphocyte count in the ARI group ( P = 0.056). Dipstick hematuria on admission was significantly more common in patients with ARI ( P = 0.016), and patients with 2 to 3+ of admission dipstick proteinuria had a higher peak serum creatinine than patients with less proteinuria ( P &lt; 0.05). Admission predictors of ARI by univariate logistic regression analysis included reduced serum bicarbonate ( P = 0.002), pH ( P = 0.001), and base excess ( P &lt; 0.001). The best predictor of ARI on multivariate analysis was a negative base excess ( P = 0.01). In summary, acute renal impairment commonly occurs after immersion and near-drowning and is a heterogeneous condition. Although mild reversible renal impairment (serum creatinine &lt; 0.30 mmol/L) (3.4 mg/dl) is usual, severe acute renal failure requiring dialysis can occur. It is recommended that any patient who presents after near-drowning or immersion should be assessed for potential ARI by serial estimations of serum creatinine, particularly when there is an increase in the initial serum creatinine, marked metabolic acidosis, an abnormal urinalysis, or a significant lymphocytosis.
Sleep patterns in a cohort of school children with primary snoring referred to a tertiary sleep clinic in Singapore
Authors: Arun Kumar Pugalenthi, Oon Hoe Teoh, Anne Goh, Jasmine Tan, Soh Gin Tan, Meilan Lim, Biju Thomas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:  Previous studies in Singaporean infants and preschool children have shown significantly later bedtimes and shorter total sleep times compared to Caucasian children. However, data on school aged children is lacking.   Aim:  To describe the sleep pattern in school-aged children (6-18 years) referred to a tertiary sleep clinic in Singapore with complaints of snoring.   Methods:  Data were collected prospectively between years 2000 to 2012 from sleep questionnaires completed by parents, prior to overnight polysomnography. Parent reported bedtime, rise time and sleep duration were analysed. Data on children with evidence of sleep disordered breathing on the sleep study were excluded.   Results: 838 children (mean [SD] age = 10 [2.98] years, 70.3% males) were studied. The usual bedtime, rise time and the duration of sleep are summarised in Table 1.   Conclusion:  School aged children in Singapore with primary snoring have later bedtime and shorter total sleep time than recommended. This may indicate socioeconomic and cultural influences. Whether or not this observation has any impact on health, remains to be determined.
Physiological effects of roflumilast at rest and during exercise in COPD
Authors: Denis E. O’Donnell, Dirk Bredenbröker, Manja Brose, Katherine A. Webb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 500 μg roflumilast, taken once daily for 12 weeks, on airway physiology during rest and exercise in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in 250 patients with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) of 30-80% predicted and a functional residual capacity of ≥ 120% pred. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry and body plethysmography, and pre-bronchodilator constant work rate cycle exercise at 75% of peak work rate were evaluated. Exercise measurements included ventilation, breathing pattern, inspiratory capacity (IC) and arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (S(p,O(2))). Compared with placebo, 12 weeks of treatment with roflumilast was associated with: small but progressive increases in pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV(1) and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity; small decreases in specific airway resistance; and no significant changes in resting vital capacity, IC or measurements of lung hyperinflation. There was no treatment effect on exercise endurance time. At a standardised exercise time after roflumilast, compared with placebo, IC increased by 0.12 L (p = 0.008) and S(p,O(2)) increased by 0.7% (p = 0.020); peak ventilation increased by 1.9 L · min(-1) (p = 0.014). Roflumilast treatment was associated with progressive improvement of airway function but not lung hyperinflation. Newly described non-bronchodilator effects of roflumilast included small but consistent improvements in air trapping and S(p,O(2)) during exercise.
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection with cutaneous and sinus lymphoproliferation in a white female patient with 25 years' follow-up: an original case report
Authors: C. Picard, S. Gouarin, F. Comoz, M. Barreau, L. Verneuil, X. Troussard, A. Dompmartin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is characterized by chronic infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms associated with very high viral load, as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We present an unusual case in a French woman who was followed up over 25 years with cutaneous and sinus lymphoproliferation. This white woman presented with a long history of recurrent cutaneous necrotic papules of the skin, which started during childhood and healed spontaneously with depressed scars. The lesions spread to the left maxillary sinus and were associated with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with no other visceral locations. Pathological examination of the skin and sinus revealed a dermal monoclonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, CD7(+) and CD20(-) , with no epidermotropism. T-cell receptor rearrangement was positive, showing the monoclonality from the first biopsy. This T-cell proliferation was positive for EBV-encoded small RNA and was associated with a high EBV viral load. Since then, the patient has been in good health, despite a permanently high EBV viral load. Hydroa vacciniforme (HV)-like lymphoma and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma were discussed, but none really fit our case. Natural killer cell lymphoma was ruled out because of the indolent course, but sinus lesions do not exist in HV-like lymphoma. A therapeutic approach is difficult because of the coexistence of viral infection and monoclonal T-cell proliferation. Chemotherapy is not efficient and induces immunosuppression, which may worsen the prognosis. Although rituximab may have an immunomodulatory function, it was not effective in our case.
Transient adrenergic stimulation can precondition the rat heart against postischaemic contractile dysfunction
Authors: G. K Asimakis, K. Inners-McBride, V. R Conti, C.-j. Yang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Transient β adrenergic stimulation can precondition the rat heart against postischaemic contractile dysfunction Get access Gregory K Asimakis, Gregory K Asimakis Cardiothoracic Surgery E-28, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0528, USA: G K Asimakis, K Inners-McBride, V R Conti, C Yan. Correspondence to Dr Asimakis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karen Inners-McBride, Karen Inners-McBride Cardiothoracic Surgery E-28, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0528, USA: G K Asimakis, K Inners-McBride, V R Conti, C Yan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Vincent R Conti, Vincent R Conti Cardiothoracic Surgery E-28, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0528, USA: G K Asimakis, K Inners-McBride, V R Conti, C Yan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chun-jie Yang Chun-jie Yang Cardiothoracic Surgery E-28, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0528, USA: G K Asimakis, K Inners-McBride, V R Conti, C Yan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 11, November 1994, Pages 1726–1734, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.11.1726 Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Received: 09 June 1994 Accepted: 18 August 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
Cyclic ADP-Ribose Is the Primary Trigger for Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in the Rat Lung In Situ
Authors: Michelle Dipp, A. Mark Evans
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is unique to pulmonary arteries, and it aids ventilation/perfusion matching. However, in diseases such as emphysema, HPV can promote hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. We recently showed that hypoxia constricts pulmonary arteries in part by increasing cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) accumulation in the smooth muscle and, thereby, Ca(2+) release by ryanodine receptors. We now report on the role of cADPR in HPV in isolated rat pulmonary arteries and in the rat lung in situ. In isolated pulmonary arteries, the membrane-permeant cADPR antagonist, 8-bromo-cADPR, blocked sustained HPV by blocking Ca(2+) release from smooth muscle ryanodine-sensitive stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Most importantly, we showed that 8-bromo-cADPR blocks HPV induced by alveolar hypoxia in the ventilated rat lung in situ. Inhibition of HPV was achieved without affecting (1) constriction by membrane depolarization and voltage-gated Ca(2+) influx, (2) the release (by hypoxia) of an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor, or (3) endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction. Our findings suggest that HPV is both triggered and maintained by cADPR in the rat lung in situ.
DSM-5 Field Trials in the United States and Canada, Part II: Test-Retest Reliability of Selected Categorical Diagnoses
Authors: Darrel A. Regier, William E. Narrow, Diana E. Clarke, Helena C. Kraemer, S. Janet Kuramoto, Emily A. Kuhl, David J. Kupfer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Objective The DSM-5 Field Trials were designed to obtain precise (standard error <0.1) estimates of the intraclass kappa as a measure of the degree to which two clinicians could independently agree on the presence or absence of selected DSM-5 diagnoses when the same patient was interviewed on separate occasions, in clinical settings, and evaluated with usual clinical interview methods. Method Eleven academic centers in the United States and Canada were selected, and each was assigned several target diagnoses frequently treated in that setting. Consecutive patients visiting a site during the study were screened and stratified on the basis of DSM-IV diagnoses or symptomatic presentations. Patients were randomly assigned to two clinicians for a diagnostic interview; clinicians were blind to any previous diagnosis. All data were entered directly via an Internet-based software system to a secure central server. Detailed research design and statistical methods are presented in an accompanying article. Results There were a total of 15 adult and eight child/adolescent diagnoses for which adequate sample sizes were obtained to report adequately precise estimates of the intraclass kappa. Overall, five diagnoses were in the very good range (kappa=0.60–0.79), nine in the good range (kappa=0.40–0.59), six in the questionable range (kappa=0.20–0.39), and three in the unacceptable range (kappa values <0.20). Eight diagnoses had insufficient sample sizes to generate precise kappa estimates at any site. Conclusions Most diagnoses adequately tested had good to very good reliability with these representative clinical populations assessed with usual clinical interview methods. Some diagnoses that were revised to encompass a broader spectrum of symptom expression or had a more dimensional approach tested in the good to very good range.
Prediction of erosiveness and rate of development of new erosions in early rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: T T Mottonen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Fifty eight patients suffering from a recent onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. Fifty six patients were followed up for 24 months and two for 18 months. Erosions were detected in 17 patients at the onset and at the end of the follow up period the number of patients with erosions was 44. The erosiveness in the joint groups studied was as follows: metatarsophalangeal (MTP) (36 patients), metacarpophalangeal (MCP) (22), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) (21), interphalangeal (IP) joints of first toes and wrists (13), elbows and knees (two), and shoulders, ankles, and hips (one). Erosiveness in the feet was twice that in the fingers, and the erosions in the feet appeared at an earlier phase of disease. Destructions favoured the dominant hand. Swelling in the PIP joints appeared to be a better predictor of erosiveness than joint tenderness. The number of joints to become eroded was significantly increased in the patients with flexor tenosynovitis in the hands. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was more closely related to progression of joint damage than C reactive protein (CRP) or haemoglobin. The rate of development of new erosions was the same in seronegative and seropositive patients. In addition, HLA-DR4 allele did not correlate either with seropositivity or with erosiveness. Adequate antirheumatic drug treatment (gold in most instances) was not able to restrain the erosive process despite decreased rheumatoid disease activity.
MACOP-B versus ProMACE-MOPP in the treatment of advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial by the non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cooperative Study Group.
Authors: M R Sertoli, G Santini, T Chisesi, A M Congiu, A Rubagotti, A Contu, L Salvagno, P Coser, A Porcellini, M Vespignani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE The aim of our study was to compare in a multicentric randomized trial two regimens widely used in the treatment of advanced-stage intermediate- to high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and to assess whether a third-generation regimen (methotrexate with leucovorin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin [MACOP-B]) was superior to a second-generation regimen (procarbazine, methotrexate with leucovorin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide [ProMACE-MOPP]). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1987 and August 1991, 221 patients with diffuse intermediate- to high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Working Formulation groups F, G, H, and K), stage II bulky (&gt; 10 cm), III, or IV, were randomized by the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cooperative Study Group (NHLCSG) to receive ProMACE-MOPP for six cycles or MACOP-B for 12 weeks. Survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival were determined, and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was performed. RESULTS In the two groups of patients, there was no significant difference in terms of complete remission (CR) rate (49.1% with ProMACE-MOPP and 52.3% with MACOP-B), 3-year overall survival rate (45.2% with PROMACE-MOPP and 52.3% with MACOP-B), and 3-year progression-free survival rate (36.4% with ProMACE-MOPP and 36.1% with MACOP-B). In terms of toxicity, no significantly greater toxicity occurred in either arm. Overall toxicity was acceptable. The most frequent side effects were grade II through IV leukopenia, infection, mucositis, and anemia. Treatment-related deaths were equally distributed. CONCLUSION No significant differences in terms of efficacy and/or toxicity between ProMACE-MOPP and MACOP-B are evident. These results are consistent with recent randomized trials showing that the new-generation aggressive regimens are no better than previous ones.
The use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Francesco Lapi, Abbas Kezouh, Samy Suissa, Pierre Ernst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Adrenal insufficiency is a potential complication of therapy with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). Although prior studies found the highest risk of adrenal insufficiency with fluticasone, a more potent ICS, these results might be explained by a channelling bias and concomitant exposure to oral corticosteroids. We re-examined the relationship between the use of ICSs and adrenal insufficiency by using a cohort of patients treated for respiratory conditions during 1990–2005, identified in the healthcare databases from the province of Quebec, Canada, with follow-up until 2007. A nested case–control analysis was performed within this cohort. Cases of adrenal insufficiency were matched with up to 10 controls. 392 cases were identified (incidence rate 1.1 per 10 000 person-years). Although the rate of adrenal insufficiency was not significantly higher among all current users of ICSs, patients receiving the highest dosages showed a greater risk (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.16–2.90). Consistently, an increased risk was estimated for the highest tertile of ICS dose (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.07–3.37) cumulated in the year before the event. ICS at high doses appear to be a significant independent risk factor for adrenal insufficiency. Physicians prescribing ICS at such dosages should be sensitive to the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency in their patients.
Methylmercury-cholinesterase interactions in rats.
Authors: F L Hastings, G W Lucier, R Klein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The interaction of methylmercury hydroxide (MMH) and cholinesterases was studied in male and female rats. MMH administered subcutaneously in doses of 10 mg/kg for 2 days reduced the level of plasma cholinesterase (ButChE) by 68% in females and 47% in males while brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was unaffected. Normal females had higher but more variable ButChE levels than normal males. In a time-course experiment, a single dose of MMH (10 mg/kg) reduced ButChE levels when mercury levels reached 22 mug/ml in the blood. A 10% reduction in brain AChE was observed at 72 hours; however, mercury reached a concentration of only 2.0 mug/g in brain tissue. The determination of the Michaelis constant Km and maximum velocity value Vmax for butyrylcholine and ButChE in control and MMH-treated (1 mg/kg) animals indicated that MMH reduced Vmax only. Since no loss in ButChE activity occurred when MMH and control plasma were incubated in vitro, MMH is not a direct inhibitor of ButChE. Because only the inactive monomeric form of ButChE contains free sulfhydryl groups, it is postulated that MMH combines covalently with the sulfur, preventing formation of active enzyme. By analogy, it is believed this is also the case with AChE.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MULTIPLICATION CYCLE OF PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM)
Authors: Harold S. Ginsberg, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

A study of the multiplication of PVM in the mouse lung yielded evidence in support of the hypothesis that discrete cycles occur. The cycle is characterized by a latent period of about 15 hours, an incremental period of 10 to 15 hours and a total duration of 24 to 30 hours. The yield of virus per cycle is approximately 16-fold. A large proportion, approximately 90 per cent, of PVM is lost on intranasal inoculation and cannot be recovered from the lung. Of the virus which reaches the lung, almost all becomes non-infective within 12 hours even though a considerable amount retains the capacity to cause hemagglutination. During the incremental period infective virus appears as soon as any increase in hemagglutination is demonstrable.
Premetastatic soil and prevention of breast cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Y. Liu, A. Kosaka, M. Ikeura, G. Kohanbash, W. Fellows-Mayle, L. A. Snyder, H. Okada
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

As therapies for systemic cancer improve and patients survive longer, the risk for brain metastases increases. We evaluated whether immune mechanisms are involved in the development of brain metastasis. We conducted our studies using BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma cells in the mammary gland. The brains of mice bearing 4T1 tumors at day 14 had no detectable metastatic tumor cells but presented with marked accumulation of bone marrow–derived CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells, which express high levels of inflammatory chemokines S100A8 and S100A9. In vitro, S100A9 attracts 4T1 cells through Toll-like receptor 4 and CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells through Toll-like receptor 4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. Systemic treatment of 4T1-bearing mice with anti-Gr1 (RB6-8C5) monoclonal antibody reduces accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells in the day-14 premetastatic brain as well as subsequent brain metastasis of 4T1 cells detected on day 30. Furthermore, treatment of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib or genetic disruption of cyclooxygenase-2 in 4T1 cells inhibits the inflammatory chemokines and infiltration of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells in the premetastatic brain and subsequent formation of brain metastasis. Our results suggest that the primary tumor induces accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells in the brain to form "premetastatic soil" and inflammation mediators, such as S100A9, that attract additional myeloid cells as well as metastatic tumor cells. Celecoxib and anti-Gr1 treatment may be useful for blockade of these processes, thereby preventing brain metastasis in patients with breast cancer.
1212 PHARMACOKINETIC MODELLING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE AND PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF FALDAPREVIR OR BI-207127 IN HCV GT1-INFECTED PATIENTS IN SOUND-C2
Authors: S. Olson, K. Baron, M. Riggs, W.O. Böcher, F.J. Mensa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
MicroRNAs and Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Conrad P. Hodgkinson, Martin H. Kang, Sophie Dal-Pra, Maria Mirotsou, Victor J. Dzau
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

The human heart has a limited capacity to regenerate lost or damaged cardiomyocytes after cardiac insult. Instead, myocardial injury is characterized by extensive cardiac remodeling by fibroblasts, resulting in the eventual deterioration of cardiac structure and function. Cardiac function would be improved if these fibroblasts could be converted into cardiomyocytes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that promote mRNA degradation and inhibit mRNA translation, have been shown to be important in cardiac development. Using this information, various researchers have used miRNAs to promote the formation of cardiomyocytes through several approaches. Several miRNAs acting in combination promote the direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. Moreover, several miRNAs have been identified that aid the formation of inducible pluripotent stem cells and miRNAs also induce these cells to adopt a cardiac fate. MiRNAs have also been implicated in resident cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current literature as it pertains to these processes, as well as discussing the therapeutic implications of these findings.
Virulence factors and genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus from infection and carriage in Gabon
Authors: F. Schaumburg, U. Ateba Ngoa, K. Kö sters, R. Köck, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner, B. Lell, G. Peters, A. Mellmann, K. Becker
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)