tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans: Review of 520 Cases with Special Reference to Pathogenic and Prognostic Factors
Authors: JOHN L. JUERGENS, NELSON W. BARKER, EDGAR A. HINES
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The clinical and follow-up data on 520 non-diabetic patients less than 60 years of age who had a clinical diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities made at the Mayo Clinic in the period 1939 through 1948 were reviewed from the standpoint of pathogenesis, prognosis, and clinical course of the disease. The ratio of males to females was 11 to 1, and the mean concentration of plasma cholesterol in the male patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans was approximately 50 mg. per 100 ml. greater than that of either of 2 control groups of men without clinical evidence of atherosclerosis. The incidence of smoking among the men with this disease was higher than in a comparable group of men without it. Obesity was not commonly associated with arteriosclerosis obliterans, while hypertension was associated with the disease about 3 times as often as in a control group without the disease. The survival rate for patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans was less favorable than that of a normal population of a similar age and sex distribution, and the survival rate for patients with atherosclerotic aorto-iliac occlusion was significantly less favorable than that of patients with atherosclerotic occlusion of the femoral artery. In approximately three fourths of the patients who died, the cause of death was thought to be disease of the coronary arteries. The presence of atherosclerosis elsewhere than in the arteries supplying the extremities, as manifested by clinical coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease at the time of diagnosis, had an adverse effect on survival. Four per cent of the patients required amputation of a leg shortly after the diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans was made at the clinic, and an additional 4.9 per cent subsequently required amputation during the 5-year period following the initial examination. Only 3.0 per cent of patients with intermittent claudication as the only symptom of their disease required an amputation during this period. Eleven and three-tenths per cent of patients who continued to smoke, but none who abstained from smoking, had amputations within 5 years. Since all patients of the series were treated before the advent of direct arterial surgery for segmental arterial occlusion, it is believed that the subsequent course of the disease in these patients may be used as a basis for comparative evaluation of results in patients subjected to direct arterial surgical procedures.
Care of Patients with Ascites
Authors: Bruce A. Runyon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Ascites is the pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The condition develops most frequently as part of the decompensation of previously asymptomatic chronic liver disease (Table 1). Ascites is the most common complication of such disease, occurring in 50 percent of patients within 10 years of a diagnosis of compensated cirrhosis; in comparison, variceal bleeding develops in only 25 percent2. The development of fluid retention in a person with chronic liver disease is a poor prognostic sign; only 50 percent of such people survive two years3. The prognosis of patients with noncirrhotic ascites is quite variable . . .
711 SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS DURING PEG-IFNA-2a +/− ADEFOVIR TREATMENT OF DELTA HEPATITIS: RESULTS FROM THE HEP-NET/INTERNATIONAL HIDIT-1 STUDY
Authors: H. Wedemeyer, C. Yurdaydin, K. Zachou, A. Erhardt, Y. Cakaloglu, H. Degertekin, S. Gürel, S. Zeuzem, G. Dalekos, M. Cornberg, M.P. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Diastolic Dysfunction in Normotensive Men with Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Paul Poirier, Peter Bogaty, Caroline Garneau, Louise Marois, Jean-G. Dumesnil
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE— Because a pseudonormal pattern of ventricular filling has never been considered in studies that reported a prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) between 20 and 40%, our aim was to more completely evaluate the prevalence of LVDD in subjects with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We studied 46 men with type 2 diabetes who were aged 38-67 years; without evidence of diabetic complications, hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or thyroid or overt renal disease; and with a maximal treadmill exercise test showing no ischemia. LVDD was evaluated by Doppler echocardiography, which included the use of the Valsalva maneuver and pulmonary venous recordings to unmask a pseudonormal pattern of left ventricular filling. RESULTS— LVDD was found in 28 subjects (60%), of whom 13 (28%)had a pseudonormal pattern of ventricular filling and 15 (32%) had impaired relaxation. Systolic function was normal in all subjects, and there was no correlation between LVDD and indexes of metabolic control. CONCLUSIONS— LVDD is much more common than previously reported in subjects with well-controlled type 2 diabetes who are free of clinically detectable heart disease. The high prevalence of this phenomenon in this high-risk population suggests that screening for LVDD in type 2 diabetes should include procedures such as the Valsalva maneuver and pulmonary venous recordings to unmask a pseudonormal pattern of ventricular filling.
Treating Low Sexual Desire — New Findings for Testosterone in Women
Authors: Julia R. Heiman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Decreased or low sexual desire is commonly reported by women from late adolescence through the seventh decade across a number of cultures. Estimates of prevalence range from 25 to 53%.13 Low desire is not always a "problem" causing distress for women,4,5 but it can have substantive negative effects on women's intimate relationships or their motivation to form them.6 Low desire may be caused by a number of factors, many "nonphysiological," including relationship distress, a partner who has an illness or a disorder, neglect of the physical aspects of the relationship, or more global psychosocial problems, such as job . . .
Common genetic variation in vitamin D metabolism is associated with liver stiffness
Authors: Frank Grünhage, Katrin Hochrath, Marcin Krawczyk, Aksana Höblinger, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Jürgen Geisel, Michael Trauner, Tilman Sauerbruch, Frank Lammert
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Recently, genome-wide studies identified genetic variants that affect serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy populations (rs12785878, near dehydrocholesterol reductase, DHCR7; rs10741657, at CYP2R1; and rs7041, at vitamin D binding protein, GC). Because vitamin D deficiency is associated with advanced liver disease, we hypothesized that these variants are associated with 25(OH)-vitamin D levels and liver fibrosis. Overall, 712 Caucasian patients with chronic liver diseases were included. Liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography (TE) and/or histology. Serum levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D were correlated with TE and fibrosis stages. Genotypes were determined using TaqMan assays and tested for association with vitamin D and liver stiffness. Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with liver stiffness and histology (P < 0.001). Homozygous carriers of the rare DHCR7 allele or the common CYP2R1 allele presented with reduced 25(OH)-vitamin D levels (P < 0.05). The variant rs12785878 in the DHCR7 locus was associated with liver stiffness in both patients with TE <7.0 kPa and TE between 7.0 and 9.5 kPa. 25(OH)-vitamin D levels correlated with sunshine hours at the time of inclusion (P < 0.001).Common variation in 25(OH)-vitamin D metabolism is associated with liver stiffness in patients presenting with low to moderately increased elasticity. Although the susceptible DHCR7 genotype confers small risk, we speculate that the observed stiffness differences indicate a stronger influence of 25(OH)-vitamin D on initiation rather than progression of hepatic fibrosis.
Abstract 2053: Differential regulation of hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α by hypoxia
Authors: Qun Lin, Xiangyu Cong, Zhong Yun
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF)-1α and -2α are the key transcription factors regulating the expression of hypoxia-induced genes critical for a wide range of tumor cell functions from survival to clonal selection to metastasis. Elevated HIF-α expression correlates with poor patient survival in a large number of cancers. Recent evidence suggests that HIF-2α appears to be preferentially expressed in neuronal tumor cells that exhibit cancer stem cell characteristics. Furthermore, elevated HIF-2α expression is co-localized in vivo with expression of neural crest progenitor markers, suggesting a preferential association of HIF-2α expression with the immature stem cell-like neuroblastoma cells. These observations suggest that expression of HIF-1α and -2α is differentially regulated in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully investigated. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional regulation HIF-1α and -2α under different hypoxic conditions. In addition to conventional hypoxia treatment, we developed an adaptive chronic hypoxia approach by preconditioning tumor cells at 5% O2 before reducing pO2 to hypoxia levels (below 2% O2) to mimic in vivo tumor hypoxia. We found that transcription of HIF-2α was consistently increased by hypoxia in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines, whereas transcription of HIF-1α showed variable levels of repression. Mechanistically, differential regulation of HIF-α transcription involved hypoxia-induced changes in actetylation of core histones H3 and H4 associated with the proximal promoters of the HIF-1α or HIF-2α gene. We also found that, although highly stable under acute hypoxia, HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins become destabilized under chronic hypoxia. Our results have thus provided new mechanistic insights into the differential expression and localization of HIF-1α and -2α proteins within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. These findings further underscore the importance of HIF-2α in the regulation of tumor progression, especially in the regulation of the stem cell-like tumor cell population as observed in neuronal tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2053. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2053
Meningococci Resistant to Sulphonamides
Authors: R. J. Fallon, W. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Of course the operation I advise carries certain risks, and indeed may be followed by grave complications.How could it be other- wise in dealing with patients often presented for surgical intervention in a near moribund condition ?I am sure, too, that Dr. Avery Jones and Professor Brooke would not wish to suggest that the methods of treatment they advocate are free of similar difficulties and of mortality similar to my own.With co- operation and not antagonism I am certain that many more patients could be spared an ileostomy life.-Iam, etc.,
Atlas of Nuclear Cardiology
Authors: Thomas Heston
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Can a Thoracic Surgeon Identify Lymph Node Metastases during Surgery Based on Their Size?: Analysis of 844 Metastatic and 10,462 Nonmetastatic Lymph Nodes
Authors: Ryuichi Suemitsu, Sadanori Takeo, Hironori Matsuzawa, Masafumi Yamaguchi, Seiya Momosaki, Noriko Uesugi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Recruitment of Minority Physicians into Careers in Internal Medicine
Authors: John T. Potts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Despite some initial success in the early 1970s, the important goal of increasing the numbers of under-represented minorities in medical school and on medical faculties has stalled short of proportionate representation. To further the current efforts of the Association of Professors in Medicine (APM) and other national medical groups that are devoted to improving the numbers of minorities in medicine, ideas and program information must be shared among institutions. In this spirit, we review our experience at Massachusetts General Hospital. We found that the first step toward this goal must be an institutional commitment based on increased awareness and on special effort focused on housestaff recruitment. Once the numbers of minorities increase, the department chairperson, training program directors, and other involved faculty can work with younger minority physicians; the cooperative relationship thus created can guide the development of a strong minority recruitment program without requiring an undue time commitment from minority trainees and faculty. The APM has a combined goal: to achieve early practical results in individual departments, to play a catalytic role with the community and other national medical organizations, and to increase the number of minorities entering medical school and careers in medicine generally.
The role of individual susceptibility in cancer burden related to environmental exposure.
Authors: H Bartsch, E Hietanen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Individual susceptibility to cancer may result from host factors including differences n metabolism, DNA repair, altered expression of protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and nutritional status. Since most carcinogens require metabolic activation before binding to DNA, variations in an individual's metabolic phenotype that have detected in enzymes involved in activation and detoxification should play an essential role in the development of environmental cancer. This phenotypic metabolic variation has now been related to genetic polymorphisms, and many genes encoding carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes have been identified and cloned. Consequently, allelic variants or genetic defects that give rise to the observed variation and new polymorphisms have been recognized. Development of simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays has enabled identification of an individual's genotype for a variety of metabolic polymorphisms. Thus, recent knowledge of the genetic basis for individual metabolic variation has opened new possibilities of studies focusing on increased individual susceptibility to environmentally induced cancer, which are reviewed with special reference to smoking-induced lung cancer. Cancer susceptibility due to chemical exposure is likely to be determined by an individual's phenotype for a number of enzymes (both activating and detoxifying) relevant to that of a single carcinogen or mixtures of carcinogens. Given the number and variability in expression of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and the complexity of chemical exposures, assessment of a single polymorphic enzyme (genotype) may not be sufficient. Mutations in the p53 gene are among the most common genetic changes in human cancer. The frequency and type p53 mutations can act as a fingerprint of carcinogen exposure and may therefore provide information about external etiological agents, intensity of exposure, and host factors affecting the tumorigenesis process. In human lung cancer, p53 mutations (both the mutation pattern and frequency) have been linked with tobacco smoking; the type of mutation most frequently observed is G:C to T:A transversion, a mutation preferentially induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide. An association between the presence of this transversion and the genotype deficient in glutathione S-transferase M1-mediated detoxification has been observed in lung cancer. Taken together, these findings suggest that determination of metabolic at risk genotypes in combination with levels of DNA adducts in target (surrogate) tissues and the p53 mutation pattern should allow the identification of susceptible individuals and subgroups in carcinogen-exposed populations.
Effectiveness of Acupuncture as Adjunctive Therapy in Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Brian M. Berman, Lixing Lao, Patricia Langenberg, Wen Lin Lee, Adele M.K. Gilpin, Marc C. Hochberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Evidence on the efficacy of acupuncture for reducing the pain and dysfunction of osteoarthritis is equivocal. Objective: To determine whether acupuncture provides greater pain relief and improved function compared with sham acupuncture or education in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Two outpatient clinics (an integrative medicine facility and a rheumatology facility) located in academic teaching hospitals and 1 clinical trials facility. Patients: 570 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (mean age [±SD], 65.5 ± 8.4 years). Intervention: 23 true acupuncture sessions over 26 weeks. Controls received 6 two-hour sessions over 12 weeks or 23 sham acupuncture sessions over 26 weeks. Measurements: Primary outcomes were changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and function scores at 8 and 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes were patient global assessment, 6-minute walk distance, and physical health scores of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: Participants in the true acupuncture group experienced greater improvement in WOMAC function scores than the sham acupuncture group at 8 weeks (mean difference, −2.9 [95% CI, −5.0 to −0.8]; P = 0.01) but not in WOMAC pain score (mean difference, −0.5 [CI, −1.2 to 0.2]; P = 0.18) or the patient global assessment (mean difference, 0.16 [CI, −0.02 to 0.34]; P > 0.2). At 26 weeks, the true acupuncture group experienced significantly greater improvement than the sham group in the WOMAC function score (mean difference, −2.5 [CI, −4.7 to −0.4]; P = 0.01), WOMAC pain score (mean difference, −0.87 [CI, −1.58 to −0.16];P = 0.003), and patient global assessment (mean difference, 0.26 [CI, 0.07 to 0.45]; P = 0.02). Limitations: At 26 weeks, 43% of the participants in the education group and 25% in each of the true and sham acupuncture groups were not available for analysis. Conclusions: Acupuncture seems to provide improvement in function and pain relief as an adjunctive therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee when compared with credible sham acupuncture and education control groups.
Clinical effect of reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen containing antithymocyte globulin for hematopoietic cell transplantation from unrelated‐donors
Authors: Kyoo‐Hyung Lee, Seong‐Jun Choi, Je‐Hwan Lee, Jung‐Hee Lee, Dae‐Young Kim, Miee Seol, Young‐Shin Lee, Young‐Ah Kang, Mijin Jeon, Sung‐Cheol Yun, Young‐Don Joo, Won‐Sik Lee, Myoung‐Joo Kang, Hawk Kim, Jae‐Hoo Park, Sung‐Hwa Bae, Hun‐Mo Ryoo, Min‐Kyoung Kim, Myung‐Soo Hyun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract The impact of reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) on the outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from unrelated ‐donors (UD) remains to be determined. We therefore assessed 128 patients, aged 16 to 66 years, with acute leukemia ( n = 105) or myelodysplastic syndrome ( n = 23) in a UD‐HCT trial using RIC with busulfan, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. Patients were transplanted with unmanipulated bone marrow (BM, n = 41) or mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (M‐PB, n = 87) and received cyclosporine and methotrexate for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. After a median follow‐up of 26.7 months (range, 5.9−70.7 months) in surviving patients, 19 patients had died without progression/recurrence of underlying disease, giving a cumulative incidence of transplantation‐related mortality (TRM) of 17% (95% confidence interval, 11%–27%; 1‐year TRM, 14%). Graft failure ( n = 7) and infections ( n = 5) were the most common causes of TRM. Only three patients died due to GVHD (acute, one; chronic, two). Graft failure, which occurred in eight patients, showed a significant correlation with graft source (BM, 6/41 vs. M‐PB, 2/87; P = 0.009). Donor‐patient HLA‐disparity did not correlate with GVHD, 1‐year TRM, and graft failure. RIC containing antithymocyte globulin led to decreased GVHD‐associated, as well as overall, TRM after UD‐HCT. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00627666. Am. J. Hematol. 86:399–405,2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vector Design Tour de Force: Integrating Combinatorial and Rational Approaches to Derive Novel Adeno-associated Virus Variants
Authors: Damien Marsic, Lakshmanan Govindasamy, Seth Currlin, David M Markusic, Yu-Shan Tseng, Roland W Herzog, Mavis Agbandje-McKenna, Sergei Zolotukhin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Methodologies to improve existing adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for gene therapy include either rational approaches or directed evolution to derive capsid variants characterized by superior transduction efficiencies in targeted tissues. Here, we integrated both approaches in one unified design strategy of "virtual family shuffling" to derive a combinatorial capsid library whereby only variable regions on the surface of the capsid are modified. Individual sublibraries were first assembled in order to preselect compatible amino acid residues within restricted surface-exposed regions to minimize the generation of dead-end variants. Subsequently, the successful families were interbred to derive a combined library of ~8 × 105 complexity. Next-generation sequencing of the packaged viral DNA revealed capsid surface areas susceptible to directed evolution, thus providing guidance for future designs. We demonstrated the utility of the library by deriving an AAV2-based vector characterized by a 20-fold higher transduction efficiency in murine liver, now equivalent to that of AAV8. Methodologies to improve existing adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for gene therapy include either rational approaches or directed evolution to derive capsid variants characterized by superior transduction efficiencies in targeted tissues. Here, we integrated both approaches in one unified design strategy of "virtual family shuffling" to derive a combinatorial capsid library whereby only variable regions on the surface of the capsid are modified. Individual sublibraries were first assembled in order to preselect compatible amino acid residues within restricted surface-exposed regions to minimize the generation of dead-end variants. Subsequently, the successful families were interbred to derive a combined library of ~8 × 105 complexity. Next-generation sequencing of the packaged viral DNA revealed capsid surface areas susceptible to directed evolution, thus providing guidance for future designs. We demonstrated the utility of the library by deriving an AAV2-based vector characterized by a 20-fold higher transduction efficiency in murine liver, now equivalent to that of AAV8.