tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Fiber, Simple Sugars, and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Cathrine Lau, Kristine Færch, Charlotte Glümer, Inge Tetens, Oluf Pedersen, Bendix Carstensen, Torben Jørgensen, Knut Borch-Johnsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

To examine the relationship between daily glycemic index, daily glycemic load, simple sugars, dietary fiber, and the prevalence of a measure of insulin resistance in 30- to 60-year-old nondiabetic Danish men and women.The Inter99 study is a nonpharmacological intervention study. We used baseline data and examined cross-sectional associations between carbohydrate-related dietary factors and an estimate of insulin resistance in 5,675 subjects at 30-60 years. The dietary intake was estimated from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Multiple regressions were performed with HOMA-IR as the dependent variable and carbohydrate-related factors as explanatory variables. All models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, total energy intake, BMI, and waist circumference.Intake of lactose was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.0001), whereas daily glycemic load and intake of glucose, fructose, dietary fiber, total carbohydrate, fruit, and vegetables were inversely associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). Intake of dietary fiber explained the associations with daily glycemic load and total carbohydrate and attenuated the association with fruit and vegetables. No significant associations were observed for daily glycemic index or sucrose.Habitual intake of diets with a high glycemic index and high glycemic load or diets with a high content of total carbohydrate including simple sugars was not associated with the probability of having insulin resistance. Furthermore, intake of dietary fiber was inversely associated with the probability of having insulin resistance.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma; a common association, but of what clinical importance?
Authors: J M Goldman, J R Bennett
Journal: Gut (1990)

Leading articleGastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma; a common association, but of what clinical importance?effect on the antireflux barrier and further promote gastro- oesophageal reflux.Experimental work, however, has shown that maximum inspiratory efforts in normal subjects can produce transdiaphragmatic pressures of 300 cm H20 with- out causing gastro-oesophageal reflux.In asthmatic patients on July 14, 2023 by guest.
End-Therapy Positron Emission Tomography for Treatment Response Assessment in Follicular Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Junhee Pyo, Kyung Won Kim, Heather A. Jacene, Christopher G. Sakellis, Jennifer R. Brown, Annick D. Van den Abbeele
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Use of 2[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in postchemotherapy response assessment in follicular lymphoma is still a controversial issue. Here, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the predictive value of FDG-PET in predicting outcome after chemotherapy of follicular lymphoma.Comprehensive literature search in Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed to identify studies which evaluate predictive value of end-therapy PET and/or computed tomography (CT) in patients with follicular lymphoma. To quantitatively compare the predictive value of PET and CT, pooled hazard ratios (HRs) comparing progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with positive and negative results were adopted as the primary indicators for meta-analysis. To explore the efficiency in determining complete remission (CR), pooled CR rates of PET- and CT-based response criteria were calculated. Pooling of these parameters was based on the random-effects model.Review of 285 candidate articles identified eight eligible articles with a total of 577 patients for qualitative review and meta-analysis. The pooled HRs of end-therapy PET and CT were 5.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.7-7.2] and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.2-5.8), respectively, which implies that PET is more predictive of PFS after chemotherapy than CT. The pooled CR rates of PET- and CT-based response criteria were 75% (95% CI, 70-79%) and 63% (95% CI, 53-73%), respectively, which implies that PET is more efficient in distinguishing CR (without residual disease) from other states with residual disease. In addition, qualitative systematic review indicates the same findings.Consistent evidence favoring PET-based treatment assessment should be considered in the management of patients with follicular lymphoma.
Brain Connectivity Abnormalities Predating the Onset of Psychosis
Authors: André Schmidt, Renata Smieskova, Jacqueline Aston, Andor Simon, Paul Allen, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Philip K. McGuire, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Klaas E. Stephan, Stefan Borgwardt
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Brain imaging studies have identified robust changes in brain structure and function during the development of psychosis, but the contribution of abnormal brain connectivity to the onset of psychosis is unclear. Furthermore, antipsychotic treatment can modulate brain activity and functional connectivity during cognitive tasks.To investigate whether dysfunctional brain connectivity during working memory (WM) predates the onset of psychosis and whether connectivity parameters are related to antipsychotic treatment.Dynamic causal modeling study of functional magnetic resonance imaging data.Participants were recruited from the specialized clinic for the early detection of psychosis at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.Seventeen participants with an at-risk mental state (mean [SD] age, 25.24 [6.3] years), 21 individuals with first-episode psychosis (mean [SD] age, 28.57 [7.2] years), and 20 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 26.5 [4] years).Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were recorded while participants performed an N-back WM task. Functional interactions among brain regions involved in WM, in particular between frontal and parietal brain regions, were characterized using dynamic causal modeling. Bayesian model selection was performed to evaluate the likelihood of alternative WM network architectures across groups, whereas bayesian model averaging was used to examine group differences in connection strengths.We observed a progressive reduction in WM-induced modulation of connectivity from the middle frontal gyrus to the superior parietal lobule in the right hemisphere in healthy controls, at-risk mental state participants, and first-episode psychosis patients. Notably, the abnormal modulation of connectivity in first-episode psychosis patients was normalized by treatment with antipsychotics.Our findings suggest that the vulnerability to psychosis is associated with a progressive failure of functional integration of brain regions involved in WM processes, including visual encoding and rule updating, and that treatment with antipsychotics may have the potential to counteract this.
Comparison of three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with a blood pool contrast agent and nuclear scintigraphy for the detection of experimentally induced gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: P R Hilfiker, D Weishaupt, G M Kacl, F H Hetzer, M D Griff, S G Ruehm, J F Debatin
Journal: Gut (1999)

To compare the performance of 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with an intravascular contrast agent with that of scintigraphy, with respect to detection and localisation of gastrointestinal haemorrhage in vivo in pigs.Intraluminal bleeding sites were surgically created in the small bowel and colon of six pigs. The animals underwent scintigraphy with (99m)Tc labelled red blood cells and 3D MRI following administration of an intravascular contrast agent (NC100150) at five minute intervals over 30 minutes. For analysis, the intestinal tract was divided into six segments. Based on the two evaluated methods, each segment was characterised on a five point scale regarding the presence of a bleed. At autopsy, the surgically manipulated bowel segments were inspected for the presence of haemorrhage.Bleeding was confirmed at autopsy in 18/36 segments. Contrast extravasation with subsequent movement through the bowel could be documented on MRI data sets. All segments were correctly characterised, resulting in 100% sensitivity and specificity for MRI. Based on scintigraphy, interpretation of seven segments (19%) was false (sensitivity/specificity of 78%/72%). Differences in diagnostic performance were evident in the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, with an area under the MRI curve of 0.99 and under the scintigraphy curve of 0.85.In conjunction with an intravascular contrast agent, 3D MRI permits accurate detection and localisation of gastrointestinal bleeding. The extent and evolution of intestinal bleeding can be determined with repeated data acquisition.
Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA suggest a sister group relationship between Xenarthra (Edentata) and Ferungulates
Authors: U. Arnason, A. Gullberg, A. Janke
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Phylogenetic analysis of 12 protein-coding genes from complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules of various mammals including a xenarthran representative, the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), showed that the order Xenarthra (Edentata) is a sister group to the ferungulates (carnivores, perissodactyls, artiodactyls, cetaceans). Morphological and previous molecular analyses have placed the Xenarthra basal to other extant eutherians. The present findings are in striking contrast with that understanding. The results suggest that Xenarthra and ferungulates separated about 86 MYA.
Did Changes in Drug Reimbursement After the Medicare Modernization Act Affect Chemotherapy Prescribing?
Authors: Mark C. Hornbrook, Jennifer Malin, Jane C. Weeks, Solomon B. Makgoeng, Nancy L. Keating, Arnold L. Potosky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) decreased fee-for-service (FFS) payments for outpatient chemotherapy. We assessed how this policy affected chemotherapy in FFS settings versus in integrated health networks (IHNs).We examined 5,831 chemotherapy regimens for 3,613 patients from 2003 to 2006 with colorectal cancer (CRC) or lung cancers in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research Surveillance Consortium. Patients were from four geographically defined regions, seven large health maintenance organizations, and 15 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. The outcome of interest was receipt of chemotherapy that included at least one drug for which reimbursement declined after the MMA.The odds of receiving an MMA-affected drug were lower in the post-MMA era: the odds ratio (OR) was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89). Important differences across cancers were detected: for CRC, the OR was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.92); for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the OR was 1.60 (95% CI, 1.09 to 2.35); and for small-cell lung cancer, the OR was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.34 to 1.16). After the MMA, FFS patients were less likely to receive MMA-affected drugs: OR, 0.73 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89). No pre- versus post-MMA difference in the use of MMA-affected drugs was detected among IHN patients: OR, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.56). Patients with CRC were less likely to receive an MMA-affected drug in both FFS and IHN settings in the post- versus pre-MMA era, whereas patients with NSCLC were the opposite: OR, 1.60 (95% CI, 1.09 to 2.35) for FFS and 6.33 (95% CI, 2.09 to 19.11) for IHNs post- versus pre-MMA.Changes in reimbursement after the passage of MMA appear to have had less of an impact on prescribing patterns in FFS settings than the introduction of new drugs and clinical evidence as well as other factors driving adoption of new practice patterns.
Isolated Hyperglycemia at 1 Hour on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Pregnancy Resembles Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Predicting Postpartum Metabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Ravi Retnakaran, Ying Qi, Mathew Sermer, Philip W. Connelly, Bernard Zinman, Anthony J.G. Hanley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—Gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT), defined by a single abnormal value on antepartum 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is a metabolically heterogeneous disorder. Indeed, the antepartum metabolic phenotype of women with a single abnormal value at 1 h during the OGTT (1-h GIGT) resembles that of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), whereas GIGT at 2 or 3 h (2/3-h GIGT) is similar to normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Thus, we hypothesized that 1-h GIGT would be associated with the same adverse outcomes as GDM, i.e., increased infant birth weight and postpartum metabolic dysfunction. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 361 women underwent an antepartum glucose challenge test (GCT) and a 3-h OGTT, assessment of obstetrical outcome at delivery, and metabolic characterization by OGTT at 3 months postpartum. The antepartum GCT/OGTT identified five study groups: GDM (n = 97), 1-h GIGT (n = 28), 2/3-h GIGT (n = 34), abnormal GCT NGT (abnormal GCT with NGT on OGTT) (n = 128), and normal GCT NGT (normal GCT with NGT on OGTT) (n = 74). RESULTS—Caesarian section rate was higher in women with 1-h GIGT, but birth weight did not differ significantly between the non-GDM groups (P = 0.1978). At 3 months postpartum, glycemia (area under the glucose curve) progressively increased across the groups from normal GCT NGT to abnormal GCT NGT to 2/3-h GIGT to 1-h GIGT to GDM (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), while both insulin sensitivity (ISOGTT) and β-cell function (insulinogenic index/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) progressively decreased (P = 0.002 and P &amp;lt; 0.0001, respectively). The strongest independent negative predictors of insulinogenic index/HOMA-IR were GDM (t = −4.1, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and 1-h GIGT (t = −3.8, P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS—Like GDM, 1-h GIGT is associated with postpartum glycemia, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction.
Bursting of cardiac sodium channels after acute exposure to 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine.
Authors: S C Dudley, C M Baumgarten
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Physiological concentrations of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) acutely increased burst-mode gating of Na+ channels in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Bursting was measured as the ratio of long events to the total number of events multiplied by 100 (%LE); a long event was defined as a set of openings or a single opening with a total duration greater than or equal to five times the control mean open time (MOT) for cell-attached patches. In the cell-attached configuration, adding either 5 or 50 nM T3 to the pipette increased the %LE. %LE had a biphasic voltage dependence and peaked at -50 mV, although the largest percentage change from control occurred between -30 and -40 mV. Neither unitary conductance nor the overall MOT was altered by T3-induced bursting. However, the MOT of openings within bursts increased, implying a kinetically distinct mode of channel gating during bursts. Long events sometimes were grouped into runs, but the more usual pattern suggested that modal shifts occurred in approximately 1 second. Similar behavior was observed with triiodothyroacetic acid, a T3 analogue that does not elicit protein synthesis. To investigate involvement of soluble second messengers, cell-attached recordings were made with and without T3 in the bath. Placed outside the pipette, 50 and 100 nM T3 failed to alter MOT, unitary current, or %LE. Na+ channel gating also was unaffected by patch excision and by exposing the cytoplasmic face of inside-out patches to 50 nM T3. Nevertheless, excision to the inside-out configuration with 5 nM T3 in the pipette dramatically increased the %LE and lengthened MOT. These results suggest that T3 induced Na+ channel bursting by an extranuclear mechanism that requires proximity of T3 to the extracellular face of the Na+ channel. Furthermore, T3 was not membrane permeant on the time scale of these experiments. Na+ channel bursting may contribute to the propensity for arrhythmias in hyperthyroidism and to the positive inotropic effect of acute T3 administration in the stunned and ischemic myocardium.
Task force on chronic interstitial lung disease in immunocompetent children
Authors: A. Clement, None committee members
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Chronic interstitial lung diseases in children represent a heterogeneous group of disorders of both known and unknown causes that share common histological features. Despite many efforts these diseases continue to present clinical management dilemmas, principally because of their rare frequency that limits considerably the possibilities of collecting enough cases for clinical and research studies. Through a Task Force conducted by the European Respiratory Society, which comprised respiratory physicians and basic scientists from across Europe, 185 cases of interstitial lung diseases in immunocompetent children were collected and reviewed. The present report provides important clinically-relevant information on the current approach to diagnosis and management of chronic interstitial lung diseases in children. In addition, recommendations for the management of paediatric interstitial lung diseases, as well as new insights into interstitial lung diseases pathophysiology during childhood are discussed.
Sequential Adjuvant Epirubicin-Based and Docetaxel Chemotherapy for Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: The FNCLCC PACS 01 Trial
Authors: Henri Roché, Pierre Fumoleau, Marc Spielmann, Jean-Luc Canon, Thierry Delozier, Daniel Serin, Michel Symann, Pierre Kerbrat, Patrick Soulié, Françoise Eichler, Patrice Viens, Alain Monnier, Anita Vindevoghel, Mario Campone, Marie-Josèphe Goudier, Jacques Bonneterre, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Anne-Laure Martin, Jean Genève, Bernard Asselain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

The PACS 01 trial compared six cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) with a sequential regimen of three cycles of FEC followed by three cycles of docetaxel (FEC-D) as adjuvant treatment for women with node-positive early breast cancer.Between June 1997 and March 2000, 1,999 patients with operable node-positive breast cancer were randomly assigned to either FEC every 21 days for six cycles, or three cycles of FEC followed by three cycles of docetaxel, both given every 21 days. Hormone-receptor-positive patients received tamoxifen for 5 years after chemotherapy. The primary end point was 5-year disease-free survival (DFS).Median follow-up was 60 months. Five-year DFS rates were 73.2% with FEC and 78.4% with FEC-D (unadjusted P = .011; adjusted P = .012). Multivariate analysis adjusted for prognostic factors showed an 18% reduction in the relative risk of relapse with FEC-D. Five-year overall survival rates were 86.7% with FEC and 90.7% with FEC-D, demonstrating a 27% reduction in the relative risk of death (unadjusted P = .014; adjusted P = .017). The incidence of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia, the need for hematopoietic growth factor, and incidence of nausea/vomiting were higher with FEC. Docetaxel was associated with more febrile neutropenia in the fourth cycle, stomatitis, edema, and nail disorders. Though rare overall, there were fewer cardiac events after FEC-D (P = .03), attributable mainly to the lower anthracycline cumulative dose.Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy with FEC followed by docetaxel significantly improves disease-free and overall survival in node-positive breast cancer patients and has a favorable safety profile.
β-Adrenergic Blocking Property of <i>dl</i> -Sotalol Maintains Class III Efficacy in Guinea Pig Ventricular Muscle After Isoproterenol
Authors: William J. Groh, Kevin J. Gibson, John H. McAnulty, James G. Maylie
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Catecholamines antagonize the efficacy of several class III antiarrhythmic agents. To determine the role of the intrinsic β-adrenergic blocking property of dl -sotalol in maintaining class III efficacy during a high-catecholamine state, we compared the electrophysiological properties of dl -sotalol with those of d -sotalol, which is devoid of significant β-adrenergic blocking effect, before and after isoproterenol infusion. Methods and Results Action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD 90 ) was prolonged in isolated guinea pig papillary muscles perfused with d -sotalol and dl -sotalol 10 −4 mol/L over stimulation cycle lengths from 200 to 2000 ms. The increases in APD 90 for d -sotalol and dl -sotalol over control were 10.9±2.5 to 23.7±4.8 ms and 27.9±4.0 to 39.0±5.6 ms, respectively. APD 90 shortened to less than control in papillary muscles treated with d -sotalol but not dl -sotalol on addition of isoproterenol 10 −6 mol/L: −31.2±3.5 to −18.3±4.8 ms and 10.5±3.6 to 33.3±7.8 ms, respectively, P &lt;.003. Single guinea pig ventricular myocytes were studied by the whole-cell patch clamp method. Time-dependent (I out ) and total (I tot ) outward current in response to a 300-ms pulse to 20 mV and tail current (I tail ) to −35 mV were measured after Ca 2+ channel block and Na + channel inactivation. I out , I tail , and I tot were reduced in myocytes perfused with d -sotalol and dl -sotalol 10 −4 mol/L: I out , −36.1±4.1%, −40.5±3.3%; I tail , −59.3±4.6%, −62.2±11.1%; I tot , −27.3±4.3%, −50.0±11.8%. I out and I tot increased to a greater degree in myocytes treated with d -sotalol than dl -sotalol on addition of isoproterenol 10 −6 mol/L: I out , 100.3±20.6%, 11.3±7.6%, P =.002; I tot , 86.8±39.2%, −41.1±20.9%, P =.01. I tail tended to increase more in myocytes treated with d -sotalol than dl -sotalol on addition of isoproterenol, but the difference was not significant (−9.1±13.5%, −28.0±9.0%). Conclusions The β-adrenergic blocking property of dl -sotalol maintains APD prolongation and repolarizing outward current block during isoproterenol infusion in guinea pig ventricular muscle. Extrapolation of these data to a clinical setting may explain the efficacy of dl -sotalol in diminishing ventricular arrhythmia recurrence.
Prevalence of Alterations in DNA Mismatch Repair Genes in Patients With Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Paul J. Limburg, William S. Harmsen, Helen H. Chen, Steven Gallinger, Robert W. Haile, John A. Baron, Graham Casey, Michael O. Woods, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Noralane M. Lindor
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)