tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reporting disease activity in clinical trials of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: EULAR/ACR collaborative recommendations
Authors: D Aletaha, R Landewe, T Karonitsch, J Bathon, M Boers, C Bombardier, S Bombardieri, H Choi, B Combe, M Dougados, P Emery, J Gomez-Reino, E Keystone, G Koch, T K Kvien, E Martin-Mola, M Matucci-Cerinic, K Michaud, J O'Dell, H Paulus, T Pincus, P Richards, L Simon, J Siegel, J S Smolen, T Sokka, V Strand, P Tugwell, D van der Heijde, P van Riel, S Vlad, R van Vollenhoven, M Ward, M Weinblatt, G Wells, B White, F Wolfe, B Zhang, A Zink, D Felson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To make recommendations on how to report disease activity in clinical trials of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) endorsed by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). <h3>Methods:</h3> The project followed the EULAR standardised operating procedures, which use a three-step approach: (1) expert-based definition of relevant research questions (November 2006); (2) systematic literature search (November 2006 to May 2007); and (3) expert consensus on recommendations based on the literature search results (May 2007). In addition, since this is the first joint EULAR/ACR publication on recommendations, an extra step included a meeting with an ACR panel to approve the recommendations elaborated by the expert group (August 2007). <h3>Results:</h3> Eleven relevant questions were identified for the literature search. Based on the evidence from the literature the expert panel recommended that each trial should report the following items: (1) disease activity response and disease activity states; (2) appropriate descriptive statistics of the baseline, the endpoints and change of the single variables included in the core set; (3) baseline disease activity levels (in general); (4) the percentage of patients achieving a low disease activity state and remission; (5) time to onset of the primary outcome; (6) sustainability of the primary outcome; (7) fatigue. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> These recommendations endorsed by EULAR and ACR will help harmonise the presentations of results from clinical trials. Adherence to these recommendations will provide the readership of clinical trials with more details of important outcomes, while the higher level of homogeneity may facilitate the comparison of outcomes across different trials and pooling of trial results, such as in meta-analyses.
Detection of hepatitis GB virus type C RNA in serum and liver from children with chronic viral hepatitis B and C
Authors: J M Lopez-Alcorocho, A Millan, E R Garcia-Trevijano, J Bartolome, M Ruiz-Moreno, M Otero, V Carreno
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The aim of this work was to study the presence of the hepatitis GB virus type C (HGBV-C) in liver and serum samples of children with chronic viral hepatitis, the time course of changes in viral RNA, and the possible acquisition routes of infection. Frozen serum and liver samples from 58 children with chronic hepatitis B (n = 33) or C (n = 25) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-seven children had been included in different interferon trials. Two additional serum samples from the HGBV-C-positive children as well as serum samples from 29 of their relatives were also analyzed. HGBV-C RNA was detected in serum and liver samples from 9 of 58 (15%) of children as well as in serum samples from 3 of 29 of the relatives of the HGBV-C- infected children: the mother and the brother of one child (index case A) and the mother of another child (index case B). The homologies of the HGBV-C RNA sequences were 93% between index case A and his mother, 88% between index case A and his brother, and 94% between index case B and his mother. In the 3 children receiving alpha-interferon, HGBV-C RNA became undetectable during treatment although it reappeared in 2 of them after therapy. In conclusion, we found that 15% of children with chronic viral hepatitis were coinfected with HGBV-C. HGBV-C RNA was simultaneously present in serum and liver samples and tended to remain detectable even after alpha-interferon therapy. Our results suggest that vertical transmission of HGBV-C may occur.
Receptor-like Cytoplasmic Kinases Integrate Signaling from Multiple Plant Immune Receptors and Are Targeted by a Pseudomonas syringae Effector
Authors: Jie Zhang, Wei Li, Tingting Xiang, Zixu Liu, Kristin Laluk, Xiaojun Ding, Yan Zou, Minghui Gao, Xiaojuan Zhang, She Chen, Tesfaye Mengiste, Yuelin Zhang, Jian-Min Zhou
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Early management of persistent non-specific low back pain: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: P. Savigny, P. Watson, M. Underwood
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Most episodes of acute low back pain resolve spontaneously.1 However, among those in whom low back pain and disability have persisted for over a year, few return to normal activities. Thus the focus for preventing the onset of long term disability caused by non-specific low back pain is on the early management of persistent low back pain (pain present for more than six weeks and less than one year). No consensus exists on how to help health professionals and their patients choose the best treatments for this condition. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the early management of non-specific low back pain.1 The diagnosis of specific causes of low back pain (malignancy, infection, fracture, ankylosing spondylitis, and other inflammatory disorders) is not part of this guideline. NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. The box lists treatments that should not be offered for non-specific low back pain. #### Treatments not recommended for non-specific low back pain ##### Do not offer
Dietary protein sources in early adulthood and breast cancer incidence: prospective cohort study
Authors: M. S. Farvid, E. Cho, W. Y. Chen, A. H. Eliassen, W. C. Willett
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To investigate the association between dietary protein sources in early adulthood and risk of breast cancer. Prospective cohort study. Health professionals in the United States. 88,803 premenopausal women from the Nurses' Health Study II who completed a questionnaire on diet in 1991. Incident cases of invasive breast carcinoma, identified through self report and confirmed by pathology report. We documented 2830 cases of breast cancer during 20 years of follow-up. Higher intake of total red meat was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer overall (relative risk 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.40; P(trend) = 0.01, for highest fifth v lowest fifth of intake). However, higher intakes of poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, and nuts were not related to breast cancer overall. When the association was evaluated by menopausal status, higher intake of poultry was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (0.73, 0.58 to 0.91; P(trend) =0.02, for highest fifth v lowest fifth of intake) but not in premenopausal women (0.93, 0.78 to 1.11; P(trend) = 0.60, for highest fifth v lowest fifth of intake). In estimating the effects of exchanging different protein sources, substituting one serving/day of legumes for one serving/day of red meat was associated with a 15% lower risk of breast cancer among all women (0.85, 0.73 to 0.98) and a 19% lower risk among premenopausal women (0.81, 0.66 to 0.99). Also, substituting one serving/day of poultry for one serving/day of red meat was associated with a 17% lower risk of breast cancer overall (0.83, 0.72 to 0.96) and a 24% lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (0.76, 0.59 to 0.99). Furthermore, substituting one serving/day of combined legumes, nuts, poultry, and fish for one serving/day of red meat was associated with a 14% lower risk of breast cancer overall (0.86, 0.78 to 0.94) and premenopausal breast cancer (0.86, 0.76 to 0.98). Higher red meat intake in early adulthood may be a risk factor for breast cancer, and replacing red meat with a combination of legumes, poultry, nuts and fish may reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Sequence and timing of ventricular wall motion in patients with bundle branch block. Assessment by radionuclide cineangiography.
Authors: S W Rosenbush, N Ruggie, D A Turner, P L Von Behren, P Denes, E W Fordham, M W Groch, J V Messer
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We determined the sequence and timing of inward ventricular wall motion by least-square phase analysis of radionuclide cineangiograms in 10 patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB), five patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) and 11 patients with normal conduction. All LBBB and RBBB patients had normal coronary arteries and no segmental wall motion abnormalities. The left ventricle (LV) was divided into eight segments and the right ventricle (RV) into three; sequence and timing were scored by three observers. In normal subjects, wall motion begins in either or both ventricles and ends in the LV or both ventricles. In patients with LBBB it begins in the RV and ends in the LV; in patients with RBBB is begins in the LV and ends in the RV or both ventricles. The intraventricular wall motion is also altered in the ventricle ipsilateral to a bundle branch block. In LBBB, the mean time of onset of LV wall motion is delayed 1.9 frames (38 msec), whereas RV wall motion is normal. In RBBB, the onset of RV wall motion is delayed 1.3 frames (26 msec), whereas LV wall motion is not delayed.
Liver tumor promoters stimulate growth of transplanted hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Per O. Seglen, Gunnar Sæter, Per E. Schwarze
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Cell suspensions or tissue fragments from primary hepatocellular carcinomas and benign neoplastic nodules, induced by treating rats with chemical carcinogens, were transplanted by intraportal injection or subcapsular implantation in the livers of syngeneic host rats. Both nodule and carcinoma transplants produced high numbers of hepatocellular carcinomas in the hosts 2 to 5 mo after transplantation. Treatment of the host rats with liver tumor promoters (phenobarbital or 2-acetylaminofluorene) greatly stimulated tumor outgrowth, demonstrating that even established carcinoma cells can be promoter-sensitive. Tumor outgrowth was also stimulated by partial hepatectomy of the hosts, the regenerative stimulus interacting synergistically with the tumor promoters.
OPEN VERSUS ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM IN THE ELECTIVE AND EMERGENT SETTING IN A POOLED POPULATION OF 37,781 PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Dustin Thomas, Edward Hulten, Shane Ellis, David M. Anderson, Nathan Anderson, Fiora McRae, Jamil Malik, Todd Villines, Ahmad Slim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
INFECTION OF THE GALLBLADDER BY GIARDIA LAMBLIA
Authors: Howard R. Hartman
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The frequency with which Giardia lamblia invades the biliary system and actually gains entrance to the gallbladder is still an unanswered question.  Clinical observations by ourselves and other workers 1 have definitely verified the fact that giardial organisms are often found in the B fraction of bile obtained by the Meltzer-Lyon technic of duodenal drainage. This fact does not prove, however, that the parasites actually do invade the gallbladder. Hollander 2 has pointed out that the hypertonic solution which is introduced into the duodenum to obtain the B fraction of bile causes liberation of fluid into the duodenal lumen and that this fluid may wash the giardial organisms from the deep crypts of the duodenal mucosa into the lumen and thus account for the presence of the parasites in the duodenal aspirate.  Reports of cases in the literature in which giardial parasites have been obtained from bile from the gallbladder
A unit for source and protective isolation in a general hospital.
Authors: G A Ayliffe, J R Babb, L Taylor, R Wise
Journal: BMJ (1979)

An isolation unit consisting of 12 ventilated cubicles was investigated over 18 months. Out of 462 patients admitted, 262 (57%) required source and 200 (43%) protective isolation. Admissions of patients with staphylococcal sepsis fell from 16 in the first three months to six in the last three months. Staphylococcus aureus was recovered from 12% of nurses9 fingers and often in small numbers from protective clothing and uniforms, but only two patients acquired a strain from a nurse or another patient. Gram-negative bacilli were rarely recovered from hands or protective clothing of nurses, and there was no evidence of spread of infectious diseases. This inexpensive unit, with simple but efficient isolation-nursing techniques, successfully prevented the spread of infection.
Rheumatic "Activity" as Judged by the Presence of Aschoff Bodies in Auricular Appendages of Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: WILLIAM F. MCNEELY, LAURENCE B. ELLIS, DWIGHT E. HARKEN
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Clinical data have been correlated with heart muscle biopsy findings in 183 patients undergoing operation for mitral stenosis. It was not possible to relate the finding of Aschoff lesions to the usual clinical or laboratory evidences of rheumatic carditis, although older patients and those exhibiting auricular fibrillation were least likely to be histologically "active." The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
311. Oncolytic Adenovirus CG5757 Preferentially Infects Primary Human Tumor Tissues and Shows Strong Anti-Tumor Activity in Tumor Models Following Systemic Administration
Authors: Yuanhao Li, Trini Arroyo, Stephen Thorne, Tony Reid, Natalie Nguyen, Neeraja Idamakanti, Melinda VanRoey, Gail Colbern, De-Chao Yu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
A human adenovirus serotype 5 based oncolytic virus CG5757 was designed to preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells that have a defective retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway and overexpress telomerase. Tumor selectivity of CG5757 was examined using a newly developed ex vivo primary tumor tissue culture model. Primary human colorectal tumors were obtained after surgical resection and placed in Millicell insert with media containing hormones, which can keep tissue viable for about 5 days. The paired tumor or normal tissues from same tissue sample were used in a viral infection experiment to determine the tumor selectivity of CG5757. Cultured tissues were infected with CG5757 or wild type (wt) Ad5 for five days, and progeny viral production was determined by TCID50 assay. Results of the paired tissue cultures from five colon cancer patients indicate that wt Ad5 has similar viral productivity in tumor and normal tissues, whereas CG5757 has higher productivity in tumor tissues. In general, CG5757 produces 100- to 1,000-fold more virus in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Immunohistochemical staining for adenoviral E1A shows that CG5757 has positive infection only in the cancer tissue (colon), whereas no signal is detected in normal tissues of colon, pancreas or spleen. Similarly in vitro viral specificity characterization using a panel of tumor cell lines also suggest a strong tumor selectivity of CG5757. Anti-tumor efficacy of CG5757 following intravenous injection was examined in a subcutaneous tumor model. In this study, pre-established prostate cancer LNCaP xenografts in nude mice were treated with two intravenous injections of 4|[times]|1010 viral particles of CG5757 given at a 3-day interval. Significant anti-tumor efficacy was observed in CG5757-treated animals. Eight weeks after treatment, CG5757-treated animals exhibited approximately 72% inhibition of tumor growth. These studies demonstrate the potential therapeutic efficacy of such dual promoter-controlled oncolytic adenoviruses in cancers that are Rb-defective and telomerase-positive.
Successful Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning
Authors: A. T. Proudfoot, S. S. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1967)

In Cases 3 and 4 the electrocardiographic changes were peculiar to hypercalcacamia and to hypokalaemia respectively, in spite of the combination of the two biochemical distur- bances in both of the patients.-Finally, it seems noteworthy that in some cases of hypothyroidism with mild hyper- calcaemia, or with a hypercalcaemic pattern of the electrocardiographic record, we failed to note the presence of hypokalaemia and/or an associated electrocardiographic picture of the hypokalaemic type.-Weare, etc.,
Blood Groups and Malignancy-Reply
Authors: R. Dominguez
Journal: JAMA (1964)

I agree with Dr. Milmore that our statement that "in the type A individual a second cancer is more likely to develop" does require "knowledge of the blood group distribution of patients with only one cancer as well as of patients with two or more cancers." Our original manuscript submitted toThe Journalstated that as blood group controls we could use (1) the white population of the United States or (2) 478 singlecancer white patients taken at random from our survey. The following Table was submitted as Table 5. The manuscript was returned for possible revision. (From the letter of the Staff Editor, I copy the following sentence: "The major criticism raised by our reviewers is that the control data are not ideal...." The statement to which Dr. Milmore refers, and which I copied above, was referred to by the Editor as a statement which does "not necessarily follow
Abstract 2610: Association of polymorphisms and haplotypes in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene with breast cancer in Korean women
Authors: Mi Kyung Kim, Han-Sung Kang, Sei Hyun Ahn, Kyeong-Man Hong, Siddhartha Kumar Mishra, Kyung Hwan Shin, Jungsil Ro, Keun Seok Lee, Seok Won Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Abstract The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis plays an important role in cancer biology. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor that plays important roles in numerous cellular functions and signal transduction pathways. IGF1R may also play a role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. However, studies of common variation in the IGF1R gene, involved in steroid hormone and IGF-1 metabolism, have yet to provide convincing evidence that such variants predict breast cancer risk. We genotyped 384 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1026 cases of breast cancer and 392 age-matched control in a population of Korean women. Of the 384 SNPs, fifty one SNPs in the IGF1R gene were examined for association with breast cancer in the study. All the SNPs investigated were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These SNPs tested were significantly associated with breast cancer risk, after correction for multiple comparisons stratified by adjusting for age at diagnosis, BMI, age at menarche, and age at first parturition. Among 51 IGF1R SNPs, three intron located SNPs (rs8032477, rs11635251, and rs12916884) with homozygous genotype (variant genotype) had increased risk of breast cancer (OR(CI 95%): 0.66(0.44-0.99), 0.54(0.37-0.80), and 0.59(0.37-0.94)). Seven of the 51 IGF1R SNPs were in LD and in one haplotype block, and were likely to be associated with breast cancer risk. Overall, this comprehensive case-control study found statistically significant associations between breast cancer risk and polymorphisms in IGF1R gene. Taking the status of the IGF1R polymorphism into consideration, our results may help in improving the ability to develop effective treatment modalities for those conditions in which IGF1R is involved. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the association between IGF1R polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2610. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2610
DIET AND NEPHROLITHIASIS
Authors: Stanley Goldfarb, M.D
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1994)

▪ Abstract Pharmacologic therapy of recurrent nephrolithiasis continues to be the mainstay of the strategy to prevent recurrence. This approach persists even in the face of increasing evidence of a marked benefit of mere entry into a nonpharmacologic diet and fluid modification protocol at a clinic specializing in the evaluation and therapy of recurrent nephrolithiasis (the “Stone Clinic effect”). This review examines the role of diet in the pathogenesis of various forms of nephrolithiasis and the effectiveness of dietary therapy in preventing new stone formation. Recent and older evidence support a primary role for modification of diet, particularly diet protein and sodium intake, in the prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis.
Letter: Family pathology and family treatment.
Authors: S Lieberman
Journal: BMJ (1976)

health food stores.It was estimated that if the patients adhered to the diet they would receive in the region of 18 g of fibre per day.We do not claim that bran tablets have any "magical," properties that cannot be obtained with a sensible HRD or ordinary miller's bran, but tablets which are specifically prescribed are more convenient for the patient than a diet and are more likely to be regularly taken.
CX3CR1 is critical for Salmonella-induced migration of dendritic cells into the intestinal lumen
Authors: Claudio Nicoletti, Juan Luis Arques, Eugenio Bertelli
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

We have demonstrated that direct antigen sampling of bacteria by intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) is accompanied by a rapid migration of CD11c+CX3CR1+MHCII+CD8-CD11b- DCs into the intestinal lumen upon exposure to non-invasive SPI1-Salmonella. Importantly, intraluminal DCs internalized Salmonella but were not able to cross the epithelium to return into tissue, thus showing that these DCs do not function as antigen-presenting cells and participate in the conventional regulation of immune responses to intestinal pathogens. Here we show that the presence of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, that plays a vital role in DC-mediated antigen sampling and clearance in the gut, is also instrumental for the transepithelial migration of DCs. The latter observation, along with the notion that CX3CR1-deficient mice displayed higher susceptibility to Salmonella infection compared to wild type mice raises the possibility that Salmonella-induced migration of "bacteria-capturing" DCs into the lumen may be an important mechanism of mucosal defence and clearance.