tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Rhesus Monkeys: Critical Periods and Regional Selectivity for Effects on Brain Cell Development and Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Theodore A. Slotkin, Kent E. Pinkerton, Frederic J. Seidler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Perinatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in humans elicits neurobehavioral deficits. We exposed rhesus monkeys to ETS during gestation and through 13 months postnatally, or postnatally only (6-13 months). At the conclusion of exposure, we examined cerebrocortical regions and the midbrain for cell damage markers and lipid peroxidation. For perinatal ETS, two archetypal patterns were seen in the various regions, one characterized by cell loss (reduced DNA concentration) and corresponding increases in cell size (increased protein/DNA ratio), and a second pattern suggesting replacement of larger neuronal cells with smaller and more numerous glia (increased DNA concentration, decreased protein/DNA ratio). The membrane/total protein ratio, a biomarker of neurite formation, also indicated potential damage to neuronal projections, accompanied by reactive sprouting. When ETS exposure was restricted to the postnatal period, the effects were similar in regional selectivity, direction, and magnitude. These patterns resemble the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure in rodent and primate models. Surprisingly, perinatal ETS exposure reduced the level of lipid peroxidation as assessed by the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive species, whereas postnatal ETS did not. The heart, a tissue that, like the brain, has high oxygen demand, displayed a similar but earlier decrease (2-3 months) in lipid peroxidation in the perinatal exposure model, whereas values were reduced at 13 months with the postnatal exposure paradigm. Our results provide a mechanistic connection between perinatal ETS exposure and neurobehavioral anomalies, reinforce the role of nicotine in these effects, and buttress the importance of restricting or eliminating ETS exposure in young children.
OCEAN CLIMATES: THEIR EFFECTS AND THE CASES THEY BENEFIT.
Authors: JOHN A. ROBISON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

We are all familiar with land climates, for obvious reasons, but a study of ocean climates is desirable, because a sea voyage is often beneficial when a change of land climate is of no avail. And why this is true is readily comprehended when the differences in the climates are observed. 1. The climate of the sea is more equable on account of the temperature being varied by ocean currents instead of winds, as is the case on land. That this is true is proven by the fact that the hottest and coldest months on land are August and February, respectively, because the winds are scorching and freezing during those months, while the hottest and coldest on the sea are September and March, because the southern cauldrons are at their highest and lowest temperatures during those periods. 2. The sea air is warmer. While this statement applies to the parts
Role of Transcoronary Ablation of Septal Hypertrophy in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV, and Outflow Obstruction Only Under Provocable Conditions
Authors: Frank H. Gietzen, Christian J. Leuner, Ludger Obergassel, Claudia Strunk-Mueller, Horst Kuhn
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy (TASH) for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy seems to be an effective alternative to surgical myectomy. It remains a point of debate whether an outflow obstruction at rest is a necessary criterion for interventional therapy. Methods and Results — TASH was compared in 45 consecutive patients with no resting gradient and a provocable gradient of ≥30 mm Hg (group I) and in 84 consecutive patients with a resting gradient of ≥30 mm Hg (80±33 mm Hg) (group II). At baseline, all patients were in NYHA functional class (FC) III or IV, unresponsive to medical treatment. Patients in group I were older (63±12 versus 55±17 years, P =0.005) and had a lower postextrasystolic gradient (110±44 versus 171±40 mm Hg, P &lt;0.001). The groups were similar with respect to NYHA FC (3.1±0.3 versus 3.1±0.3), basal septal thickness (22±4 versus 23±3 mm), maximal oxygen consumption (13.1±4.6 versus 14.5±5.0 mL/kg per minute), and pulmonary artery mean pressure at workload (42±9 versus 42±10 mm Hg) ( P &gt;0.05). Median follow-up was 7 months after TASH. The 2 groups showed a significant and similar improvement in provocable obstruction (to 24±24 and 56±51 mm Hg, respectively), basal septal thickness (to 12±3 and 12±4 mm, respectively), NYHA FC (to 1.7±0.6 and 1.5±0.6, respectively), maximal oxygen consumption (to 16.0±5.3 and 16.6±6.0 mL/kg per minute, respectively), and pulmonary artery mean pressure at workload (to 36±9 and 34±9 mm Hg, respectively) ( P &gt;0.05). Conclusions — TASH seems to have beneficial clinical and hemodynamic effects in patients with either provocable or resting outflow obstruction.
Consensus in Clinical Nutrition
Authors: D J A Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Richard V Heatley, J Hilary Green, Monty S Losowsky Cambridge University Press, £70, pp 560 ISBN 0-521-44134-X

It is said that Rothschild made his fortune at Waterloo by having the best courier system to bring him news of the battle direct to the floor of the London Stock Exchange (the information superhighway?). Richard Heatley and his colleagues in Leeds have followed this principle. For 10 years they have kept abreast of the times by assembling …
Geschichte der Medicinischen Wissenschaften in Deutschland
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

August Hirsch, best known for his classic study on historical-geographical pathology, also wrote a history of medicine in Germany, published in 1893, shortly before his death. This text, never translated, is now reprinted as part of a 24-volume series which covers the history of scholarship in Germany and which includes both liberal arts and the natural sciences, and ranges from history of German philosophy or theology to history of mineralogy, zoology, or medicine. All but one of the volumes were originally published in the 19th century. The present volume will interest medical historians. It offers a concentrated view of the middle European medical scene, particularly during the 17th, 18th, and first half of the 19th century. Important non-Germanic figures, predominantly Swiss, Dutch, English, and French physicians, receive considerable attention, but the emphasis is mostly on the central European area. The reprint is important for medical historiography, and will take its
ANGIOGRAPHIC AND INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND PREDICTORS OF SIDE BRANCH FAILURE DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH PROVISIONAL SIDE BRANCH STENTING APPROACH IN COMPLEX CORONARY BIFURCATION LESIONS
Authors: Ricardo A. Costa, Fausto Feres, Rodolfo Staico, J. Ribamar Costa, Dimytri Siqueira, Alexandre Abizaid, Luiz A. Mattos, Luiz F. Tanajura, Amanda Sousa, J. Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
(10) Naevus flammeus and naevus anaemicus
Authors: S.W. Lanigan, J.A. Cotterill
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (10) Naevus flammeus and naevus anaemicus Get access S.W. Lanigan, S.W. Lanigan The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Cotterill J.A. Cotterill The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Pages 58–59, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12051.x Published: 01 June 1987
SYNTHETIC EXTENDED-CHAIN ANALOGUES OF VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL HÆMORRHAGIC SHOCK
Authors: J.H. Cort, J. Hammer, M. Ulrych, Z. PÍ&Sbreve;A, T. DOU&Sbreve;A, J. Rudinger
Journal: The Lancet (1964)
Hazards of Prolonged Use of Beclomethasone Spray
Authors: T. J. H. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was interested to read the answer given by Dr Irwin Polk to a question concerning the hazards of long-term use of inhaled beclomethasone, which appeared inThe Journal. This inhaled steroid has been used in the United Kingdom since 1972 and is available for prescription in more than 100 countries throughout the world. Its sales during the past decade suggest that more than 4 million patient-years of experience has been gained with this drug and, indeed, more than 500 clinical trials have been reported. The safety of inhaled beclomethasone has been well established by worldwide experience, and I know of no reports of clinically important systemic side effects from its treatment. It is true that with sensitive tests some systemic activity can be observed during therapy,<sup>1</sup>but most studies have shown that plasma cortisol levels and response to adrenal stimulation remains intact unless the dose of
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS WITH THE INTRADERMAL PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN RABBITS
Authors: Kenneth Goodner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. The continuation of our experiments with intradermal Type I pneumococcus infection in rabbits has furnished further evidence of the marked analogies between this condition and that of human lobar pneumonia. 2. It has been found that the amount of antiserum necessary for successful therapy increases as the disease progresses, and that this progression has a definite mathematical character. Such a condition, it seems, can only be caused by a progressive accumulation of some toxic or antagonistic substance, the exact nature of which is not known. 3. Various lots of antipneumococcus sera have been tested for their therapeutic properties. The results from seven such sera show that this therapeutic value does not parallel the mouse-protective value. It is suggested that the rabbit technic may prove useful for the routine comparison and standardization of antipneumococcus sera since it represents a simple method for determining that property for which the serum is to be utilized. 4. The effect of non-specific therapy in this condition has been determined to be a transient disappearance from the blood stream of circulating organisms. This result was obtained with such heterologous materials as normal horse serum and typhoid vaccine but not with the homologous normal rabbit serum. 5. Rabbits recovering from the intradermal disease without treatment or with such inadequate treatment that the disease runs its normal course, were shown to have a definite though not permanent immunity. Cases in which the disease had been arrested at 24 hours by effective therapy with heterologous immune serum showed no immunity after the early disappearance of the passively administered elements. Cases which were brought to early recovery with immune homologous serum did show a definite immunity comparable to that which was developed in other animals as the result of an untreated course of the disease. 6. The immunity conferred by single and multiple vaccination is reported. The possibility of the application of such methods in the pneumonias of man is discussed and a method for such an application is suggested.
Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Apelin in Humans
Authors: A.G. Japp, N.L. Cruden, G. Barnes, N. van Gemeren, J. Mathews, J. Adamson, N.R. Johnston, M.A. Denvir, I.L. Megson, A.D. Flapan, D.E. Newby
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Apelin, the endogenous ligand for the novel G protein-coupled receptor APJ, has major cardiovascular effects in preclinical models. The study objectives were to establish the effects of acute apelin administration on peripheral, cardiac, and systemic hemodynamic variables in healthy volunteers and patients with heart failure.Eighteen patients with New York Heart Association class II to III chronic heart failure, 6 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography, and 26 healthy volunteers participated in a series of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Measurements of forearm blood flow, coronary blood flow, left ventricular pressure, and cardiac output were made by venous occlusion plethysmography, Doppler flow wire and quantitative coronary angiography, pressure wire, and thoracic bioimpedance, respectively. Intrabrachial infusions of (Pyr(1))apelin-13, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside caused forearm vasodilatation in patients and control subjects (all P<0.0001). Vasodilatation to acetylcholine (P=0.01) but not apelin (P=0.3) or sodium nitroprusside (P=0.9) was attenuated in patients with heart failure. Intracoronary bolus of apelin-36 increased coronary blood flow and the maximum rate of rise in left ventricular pressure and reduced peak and end-diastolic left ventricular pressures (all P<0.05). Systemic infusions of (Pyr(1))apelin-13 (30 to 300 nmol/min) increased cardiac index and lowered mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance in patients and healthy control subjects (all P<0.01) but increased heart rate only in control subjects (P<0.01).Acute apelin administration in humans causes peripheral and coronary vasodilatation and increases cardiac output. APJ agonism represents a novel potential therapeutic target for patients with heart failure.
Discrimination at the Doctor's Office
Authors: Holly Fernandez Lynch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Prof. Holly Lynch on the ethical and legal issues surrounding physicians' discrimination against patients. (00:00)Download Recent years have seen highly publicized examples of doctors' rejecting patients on the basis of such characteristics as sexual orientation and weight. Differential treatment based on negative moral judgments of patients is unethical, and legal standards largely agree.
Psychiatric Syndromes in Critically III Patients
Authors: William F. Kiely
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE WIDESPREAD development of critical care units in general hospitals during the past decade has produced many benefits for the seriously ill and injured. Among the less heralded of these has been the sharpened focus of attention on altered states of consciousness, emotional reactions, and behavioral patterns of the critically ill.<sup>1</sup>Psysicians and nurses are called on to appraise and evaluate cognitive clarity, feelings, and behavior of patients. The importance of the patient's previous life experiences, coping style, and personality assets and vulnerabilities serve as the basis for planning and implementing treatment programs in such intensive care facilities.<sup>2</sup>Physiologic and psychologic adaptive patterns in the face of stress are part of a unitary response to challenge, and both reflect subcortically centered systems of defense. <h3>Approach vs Avoidance Patterns</h3> Hess,<sup>3</sup>as early as 1925, pointed out that an animal's reaction to environmental challenge is importantly reflective of the
Scottish Television Experiment
Authors: A. D. Roy
Journal: BMJ (1964)

is not proposed that this should be displaced by T.N.M.They can be complementary.Definitions of T might be as follows: T1 : Tumour confined to the mucosa, pedunculated or not, and limited to one-quarter of the circumference of the bowel.T2: Tumour penetrating the muscular coat but not producing fixation of the rectum, or tumour involving more than one-quarter but less than one-half of the circumference of the bowel.T3: Tumour producing fixation of the rectum but not invading other organs, or tumour involving more than half the circumference of the bowel.T4: Tumour extending to other organs.
The Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Authors: Janet W. Rich-Edwards, JoAnn E. Manson, Charles H. Hennekens, Julie E. Buring
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Coronary heart disease has long been recognized as the leading cause of death among middle-aged men, but it is an equally important cause of death and disability among older women. By the age of 60 years, only 1 in 17 women in the United States has had a coronary event, as compared with 1 in 5 men. After the age of 60, however, coronary heart disease is the primary cause of death among women. In this age group, one in four women, as well as one in four men, die of coronary heart disease.1 The annual numbers of American women . . .
Nalidixic Acid and Oxolinic Acid in the Treatment of Chronic Bacteriuria
Authors: ERNEST ATLAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The effects two organic acid antimicrobials, nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid, were compared in vitro and in patients with chronic bacteriuria. Oxolinic acid was found to be more active in inhibiting Enterobacteriaceae, whereas neither agent was very effective against strains of Pseudomonas. Both nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid appeared less active when tested against a higher inoculum of bacterial cells. This difference was more pronounced with nalidixic acid and was most marked when tested in liquid medium. The results of a controlled clinical trial in 54 patients demonstrated that treatment with 2 g/day oxolinic acid was associated with less emergence of resistance during therapy than was the case with 4 g/day nalidixic acid. Although the relative role of these agents in the treatment of chronic bacteriuria remains uncertain, it appears that oxolinic acid, because of its decreased tendency to evoke highly resistant mutants, has distinct potential advantages over nalidixic acid.
Resuscitation decisions are often not documented early enough
Authors: P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—I was not surprised to see that national guidelines on resuscitation decisions are being ignored.1 I have worked in several hospitals on acute medical wards and often have seen fudged resuscitation decisions. I believe that the decision on resuscitation should, as with any treatment, be made by the patient first. If the patient is unable or too ill to make the decision it should be made in consultation with …
Hysterectomy and Normal Menses?
Authors: Arthur F. Greenwald
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Has anyone called attention to the apparent error in the article "Corpus Luteum Hemorrhage" (239:2270, 1978)? In case 3 (middle column of p 2271), Drs Waxman and Baird state that the patient had a hysterectomy, but the last line of the case report says: "Normal menses has returned." Reminds me of that old column filler in the<i>New Yorker</i>magazine entitled "Our Forgetful Authors."
Mutagenic activity of phthalate esters in bacterial liquid suspension assays.
Authors: J L Seed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The mutagenic activities of several phthalate esters have been evaluated in an 8-azaguanine resistance assay in Salmonella typhimurium. Three phthalate esters were found to be mutagenic: dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate. A number of other phthalate esters were not found to be mutagenic, including di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate. A metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2-ethylhexanol, was also noted to be mutagenic. The mutagenic activity of this agent and others in this series was dose dependent but weak. No dose-response curve exceeded more than 3.5 times background at maximally testable concentrations. A liquid suspension histidine reversion assay of dimethyl phthalate showed levels of mutagenic activity similar to that observed in the azaguanine resistance assay. The data suggest a need for further investigation of the mutagenic potential of these agents in other assay systems.
AB1374 Health care outcomes research: Effectiveness of a severity index for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: O. Baser, L. Wang, J. Du, H. Wang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To develop a claims-based severity index for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using large U.S. claims data. <h3>Methods</h3> Adult patients with at least two RA diagnoses 2 months apart were identified from a large U.S. claims database (10/1/2008-09/30/2009). Patients were required to have at least 12 months continuous health plan enrollment before and after the index date (first RA diagnosis date). A severity index for rheumatoid arthritis (SIFRA) was developed by calculating a weighted sum of 47 RA-related indicators including laboratory, clinical and functional status, extra-articular manifestations, surgical history, and medications assessed by an expert Delphi panel of six rheumatologists. Two versions of SIFRA were derived for patients with and without laboratory information. Correlations between SIFRA and previously validated claims-based indexes for RA severity (CIRAS), and other traditional comorbidity indexes were calculated. The relationship between SIFRA and heath care costs was also examined using histograms. <h3>Results</h3> The Spearman’s rank correlations between SIFRA and CIRAS were 0.525 for SIFRA without laboratory data and 0.539 for SIFRA with laboratory data. The correlations between SIFRA and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (0.1503 without, 0.1135 with laboratory data), Elixhauser Index (0.105 without, 0.079 with laboratory data) and Chronic Disease Score (CDS) (0.255 without, 0.239 with laboratory data) were low. Histograms showed that patients in the upper tercile of SIFRA incurred $9,123 more all-cause health care costs and $1,326 more RA-related health care costs than patients in the lower tercile of SIFRA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SIFRA demonstrated evidence of being a significant determinant of total and RA-related health care costs for RA patients, and was found to have moderate correlations with the previously validated CIRAS score, and. To control for severity in RA-related outcomes research, this study suggests that SIFRA could be an important methodological tool. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Dynamics of BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia after sequential treatment with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Jorge Cortes, Elias Jabbour, Hagop Kantarjian, C. Cameron Yin, Jianqin Shan, Susan O'Brien, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Francis Giles, Megan Breeden, Nubia Reeves, William G. Wierda, Dan Jones
Journal: Blood (2007)
Etidronate and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Victor A. Forys
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the past 2 years I have been treating patients with osteoporosis with etidronate disodium. Patients are instructed to avoid dairy products, calcium supplements, and any other source of calcium on days 1 through 18. On days 4 through 18, the patient is instructed to take 200 mg of etidronate disodium twice a day; after day 18 the patient takes 500 mg of calcium with vitamin D two times daily until the start of the next cycle. Each cycle starts with a season of the year (ie, spring, summer, fall, winter) for ease of memory. I have selected the patient population on the basis of multiple compression fractures, and the drug appears effective in preventing new compression fractures as well as long-bone fractures, as has been reported previously.<sup>1</sup> Surprisingly, I have also noted that patients report less osteoarthritic pain, and several patients have stopped using their