tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic steatosis in response to acute alcohol exposure in zebrafish requires sterol regulatory element binding protein activation
Authors: Michael J. Passeri, Ayca Cinaroglu, Chuan Gao, Kirsten C. Sadler
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Steatosis is the most common consequence of acute alcohol abuse and may predispose to more severe hepatic disease. Increased lipogenesis driven by the sterol response element binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors is essential for steatosis associated with chronic alcohol ingestion, but the mechanisms underlying steatosis following acute alcohol exposure are unknown. Zebrafish larvae represent an attractive vertebrate model for studying alcoholic liver disease (ALD), because they possess the pathways to metabolize alcohol, the liver is mature by 4 days post-fertilization (dpf), and alcohol can be simply added to their water. Exposing 4 dpf zebrafish larvae to 2% ethanol (EtOH) for 32 hours achieves ∼80 mM intracellular EtOH and up-regulation of hepatic cyp2e1, sod, and bip, indicating that EtOH is metabolized and provokes oxidant stress. EtOH-treated larvae develop hepatomegaly and steatosis accompanied by changes in the expression of genes required for hepatic lipid metabolism. Based on the importance of SREBPs in chronic ALD, we explored the role of Srebps in this model of acute ALD. Srebp activation was prevented in gonzo larvae, which harbor a mutation in the membrane-bound transcription factor protease 1 (mbtps1) gene, and in embryos injected with a morpholino to knock down Srebp cleavage activating protein (scap). Both gonzo mutants and scap morphants were resistant to steatosis in response to 2% EtOH, and the expression of many Srebp target genes are down-regulated in gonzo mutant livers. Conclusion: Zebrafish larvae develop signs of acute ALD, including steatosis. Srebp activation is required for steatosis in this model. The tractability of zebrafish genetics provides a valuable tool for dissecting the molecular pathogenesis of acute ALD. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Stem Cell Guidelines
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physicians, Patients, and Society
Authors: Leighton E. Cluff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Editorials1 May 1991Physicians, Patients, and SocietyLeighton E. Cluff, MDLeighton E. Cluff, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-805 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the last few decades, physicians have become better able to prevent, diagnose, treat, and cure many disorders. As this power has increased, physicians have turned their attention more and more to personal health care, leaving to others the responsibility for addressing society's health care problems.Those who practice medicine are charged with the obligation to apply their knowledge and skills for people's well-being. Physicians, I believe, have responsibilities to serve both individuals and the public. These responsibilities are skewed toward providing personal medical care, and physicians understandably focus their attention almost exclusively on their obligations to individuals through one-on-one... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical practice, ethics and economics: the physician at the crossroadsLa neumología y la cirugía torácica en la década de los 90 1 May 1991Volume 114, Issue 9Page: 805-806KeywordsHealth care Issue Published: 1 May 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Esophageal stents for the relief of malignant dysphagia due to extrinsic compression
Authors: N. van Heel, J. Haringsma, M. Spaander, M. Bruno, E. Kuipers
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aims: In patients with primary esophageal cancer, luminal patency can be restored by placement of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS). The use of SEMS in patients with dysphagia caused by malignant extrinsic compression has largely been unreported. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of SEMS in a large cohort of patients with malignant extrinsic compression.
Abstract 3935: Microfluidic analysis of triple negative breast cancer epithelial cells in response to chemotherapeutic treatments coupled with oxygen gradients
Authors: Thomas F. Byrd, Kevin Seale
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Multi-trap nanophysiometers (MTNPs) are used in trapping and studying very small numbers of cells. These precisely manufactured instruments, made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), contain microfluidic channels and chambers that house arrays of three-sided cell traps. Trapped MCF7 breast cancer cells were perfused with media and gradients of chemotherapeutic agents specific to triple-negative breast cancer while oxygen levels were modulated within the device and quantified by the incorporation of an oxygen-sensing film. Rapid switching between perfusion channels and gas enabled precise dosing of cells with chemotherapeutic agents in a chamber simulating a variety of tumor microenvironments ranging from anoxic to normoxic. Preliminary results show a positive correlation between oxygen concentration and non-translational motion of trapped cells over a four hour time period. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3935. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3935
Perceptions of Appropriateness of Care in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kazuto Yamashita
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Two Years After Iraqi Invasion, US Military Medicine Studies Desert Shield/Storm While Looking Ahead
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

TWO YEARS ago tomorrow, the United States began sending troops and medical support personnel to Southwest Asia in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Since this so-called 100-hour war ended February 28, 1991, the US military has been analyzing what went right and what did not in the land, air, and sea combat and in its medical facilities. Another case of the generals and admirals refighting the last war? No, says Vice Admiral (retired) James A. Zimble, MD. <h3>Asking 'What if...?'</h3> Zimble, who was surgeon general of the US Navy during the August 1990 through February 1991 Desert Shield/ Storm buildup and fighting, says this nation's military physicians and coworkers "were more ready in terms of medical response than in any war in history." Now, he says, it's important to apply the lessons learned and continue to be as prepared as possible for whatever challenges today's uncertain world may bring
Revised mental health bill fails to persuade patients or professionals
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The latest government attempts to win over detractors of the controversial mental health bill, first proposed in 2002 but later withdrawn for redrafting after an outcry over its contents, seem to have failed at the first hurdle.

When health minister Rosie Winterton launched the revised bill last week professionals and patients' groups protested that the changes still didn't go far enough.

After the more than 2000 responses to the last draft bill ( BMJ 2002;325: 987) the government had made “some important changes,” Ms Winterton said.

“I think we have a bill that strikes the right balance between an individual's need for treatment and the health and safety of others,” she said.

Professor Louis Appleby, national director for mental health, acknowledged that the new act was …
HCV infection should be managed in specialist centres
Authors: G Dusheiko
Journal: Gut (2002)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may cause slowly progressive chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, advanced liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 These varying outcomes of type C hepatitis pose a challenge and responsibility which requires firstly, that antiviral treatment is targeted as precisely as possible to those who have progressive disease, and secondly, that patients with advanced disease are managed by specialist centres with the capability of minimising the morbidity of the disease. Presently, most patients with community and hospital associated hepatitis C requiring treatment are referred to specialist liver centres.

The hepatologist has a pivotal role in the management of chronic hepatitis C. This includes the differential diagnosis, clinical management, and assessment of the stage of disease. Hepatology has become an increasingly specialised discipline and hepatologists are ideally placed to collate investigations and to ensure the appropriate management of coexisting liver disease. Specialist hepatologists also provide the continuity and follow up required for understanding the sometimes complex dynamic nature of the disease.

There is a unique requirement for the histopathological investigation of hepatitis C to inform and deliver the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Useful classifications for staging and grading of disease have been devised.2 There is a need for experienced clinical input to complement the interpretation of liver biopsies by histopathologists who …
Tetanus. Prevention and treatment
Authors: R. J. Rothstein
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DESPITE the willingness of physicians to provide tetanus toxoid boosters to patients with a wide variety of wounds, the disease produced by the neurotoxin liberated byClostridium tetanicontinues to be a serious health problem. An estimated 50,000 people die annually from tetanus throughout the world.1In 1975, there were 102 cases, with 45 fatalities in the United States.2  Physicians who frequently encounter patients with fresh wounds or who may be faced with a case of developing tetanus should be aware of both prophylactic immunization schedules and the treatment of patients with established tetanus.  Prevention  The major contribution the physician can make to reduction of morbidity and mortality from tetanus is prevention of the disease. Fortunately, it is completely preventable through adequate immunization and proper wound care. Tetanus occurs only in patients who have not had adequate primary immunization or who have not received adequate immunization boosters since
STUDIES OF TOTAL PULMONARY CAPACITY AND ITS SUB-DIVISIONS. III. CHANGES WITH BODY POSTURE
Authors: Alberto Hurtado, Walter W. Fray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

It has been known for nmany years that the posture of the body has an influenice on pulmonary capacity.More than 25 years ago Bohr (3) andl Plesch (10) found that the residual air increases in the recumbent l)ositioll.Christie and Beams (6) in 1922 observed a reduction of 5.5 per cent in '0S' 1 (1 V(RI R F\(I' R'oM 10( ()S1', 'Vxi IONS )
Pain is often misdiagnosed
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Pain is frequently misdiagnosed, affects men and women equally, and is undertreated in children, according to speakers at an American Medical Association seminar in New York last week.

Forty per cent or more of patients with chronic pain are misdiagnosed, said Dr Nelson Hendler, a psychiatrist in the neurosurgery department at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore and director of a private pain clinic. “Physicians don't do a …
"Survey fatigue" is blamed for German GPs' failure to take part in study
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Lack of time and “survey fatigue” are partly to blame for a failure of GPs and other primary care doctors to take part in a study of leg ulcer care in Germany, say the study researchers, who achieved a recruitment rate of only 2% of practices contacted.

The researchers have now published the reasons why so many doctors did not want their patients to take part in the randomised controlled trial of an interdisciplinary intervention to enhance leg ulcer patients’ self care ( BMC …
ABC of clinical haematology: Haematological disorders at the extremes of life
Authors: A. C Newland, T. G J R Evans
Journal: BMJ (1997)

### Anaemia in neonates

#### Common causes of anaemia in newborn infants

The haemoglobin concentration at birth is 159-191 g/l. It rises transiently in the first 24 hours but then slowly falls to as low as 95 g/l by 9 weeks. By 6 months, the concentration stabilises at around 125 g/l, the lower end of the adult range, increasing towards adolescence. The normal fall in haemoglobin concentration seen in full term infants is accentuated in prematurity and may fall to less than 90 g/l by 4 weeks. Preterm infants are particularly prone to multiple nutritional deficiencies because of rapid growth. Pronounced anaemia may be assumed if the infant gains insufficient weight or is fatigued while feeding.

#### Haemolytic disease in newborn infants Recommendations for prophylactic anti-D immunoglobulin in RhD negative women 

#### Reasons for failure of prophylaxis

View this table:

Normal haematology values in newborn infants



#### HIV infection

Haemolytic disease in newborn infants is due to destruction of fetal red cells by antibodies from the mother that cross the placenta. The most important are antibodies to the …
Low-molecular-weight heparin and prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis.
Authors: V V Kakkar, B Djazaeri, J Fok, M Fletcher, M F Scully, J Westwick
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin as a prophylactic agent was assessed in 150 consecutive patients over the age of 40 undergoing major abdominal surgery. Fifty of these patients received 1250 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) units of low-molecular-weight heparin every 12 hours: three developed isotopic deep vein thrombosis, which was confirmed by phlebography in two cases. The other 100 patients received a single injection of 1850 APTT units of low-molecular-weight heparin. Three of them developed isotopic deep vein thrombosis; phlebography failed to confirm the presence of thrombi in each case. None of the 150 patients studied died from fatal or contributory pulmonary emboli. Low-molecular-weight heparin was not associated with any increase in preoperative or postoperative bleeding. The effect of equal amounts of postoperative bleeding. The effect of equal amounts of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin on the coagulation mechanism during surgery was investigated in another 30 patients. The clotting assays and results of in-vivo platelet function tests indicated that both preparations produced similar effect. Intragroup comparisons, however, showed significant differences in the anti-factor Xa activity, lipoprotein lipase release, and plasma prekallikrein concentrations. A single injection of low-molecular-weight heparin daily is a convenient way of preventing deep vein thrombosis in high-risk patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
Association Between Serum Amyloid A Proteins and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Alistair I. Fyfe, L.S. Rothenberg, Frederick C. DeBeer, Rita M. Cantor, Jerome I. Rotter, Aldons J. Lusis
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are a family of inflammatory apolipoproteins that may modify high-density lipoprotein structure and function. Elevations of SAA have been reported in unstable coronary syndromes, but the levels and types of SAA protein in humans with spontaneous or transplant-associated coronary artery disease are not known.SAA levels were analyzed using an ELISA in 76 sera from 36 patients after cardiac transplantation and in 346 other individuals, 85 patients with atherosclerotic coronary disease plus 261 of their relatives. The mean SAA level was 5-fold higher in transplant patients (203+/-181 microg/mL [23 to 934 microg/mL]) compared with normal subjects without coronary disease (36+/-16 microg/mL [2.8 to 193 microg/mL], P<.005). The mean SAA level was significantly elevated in patients with transplant coronary disease (206+/-160 microg/mL, n=23) compared with those without (140+/-104 microg/mL, n=12, P=.02). Elevated SAA levels were associated with increased mortality after transplantation. On multiple regression analysis, SAA levels were predicted by corticosteroid dose, pretransplant diagnosis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, and the presence of transplant coronary disease. SAA levels were elevated in patients with spontaneous atherosclerotic coronary disease (49+/-31 microg/mL) compared with unaffected relatives (39+/-36 microg/mL, mean+/-SD, P=.02). There was no evidence for a genetic contribution to SAA levels. All inducible human SAA protein types were documented by immunoblotting in both spontaneous and transplant coronary disease.Environmentally determined elevations in SAA levels in patients with both spontaneous and transplant coronary artery disease provide further evidence for a potential pathophysiological link between inflammation, lipoprotein metabolism, and the development of atherosclerosis.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 Is Involved in Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth
Authors: Pirjo Laakkonen, Marika Waltari, Tanja Holopainen, Takashi Takahashi, Bronislaw Pytowski, Philipp Steiner, Daniel Hicklin, Kris Persaud, James R. Tonra, Larry Witte, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) binds VEGF-C and VEGF-D and is essential for the development of the lymphatic vasculature. Experimental tumors that overexpress VEGFR-3 ligands induce lymphatic vessel sprouting and enlargement and show enhanced metastasis to regional lymph nodes and beyond, whereas a soluble form of VEGFR-3 that blocks receptor signaling inhibits these changes and metastasis. Because VEGFR-3 is also essential for the early blood vessel development in embryos and is up-regulated in tumor angiogenesis, we wanted to determine if an antibody targeting the receptor that interferes with VEGFR-3 ligand binding can inhibit primary tumor growth. Our results show that antibody interference with VEGFR-3 function can inhibit the growth of several human tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the blood vessel density of anti-VEGFR-3–treated tumors was significantly decreased and hypoxic and necrotic tumor tissue was increased when compared with tumors treated with control antibody, indicating that blocking of the VEGFR-3 pathway inhibits angiogenesis in these tumors. As expected, the anti-VEGFR-3–treated tumors also lacked lymphatic vessels. These results suggest that the VEGFR-3 pathway contributes to tumor angiogenesis and that effective inhibition of tumor progression may require the inhibition of multiple angiogenic targets. [Cancer Res 2007;67(2):593–9]