tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Globalization and Health: Pathways, Evidence and Policy
Authors: Stephen Gloyd
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES AND THE CONTAGIOUSNESS OF PUERPERAL FEVER: An Address delivered to the Trowbridge Division of the Bath and Bristol Branch of the British Medical Association
Authors: C. J. Cullingworth
Journal: BMJ (1905)

~~~Society for Medical Improvement, of which Wendell CONTAGIOUSNESS OF PUERPERAL FEVER Holmes was a member, the stated business having been concluded somewhat early, one of the members, An Address delivered to the Trowbridge Division of the in order to fill up the time, renorted an incident that had Bath and Bristol Branch of the British Medical Association.recently occurred in the neighbourhood.A physician had
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Larry D. Greenfield
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  We report here a case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with upper mediastinal metastases treated with radiation therapy. The patient is a 52-year-old woman who had a right-lobe thyroidectomy in 1957 because of the tumor. In November 1972, the remainder of the thyroid gland was ablated with 88 millicuries of sodium iodide I 131. In July 1973, the patient suffered wheezing and dyspnea at rest, secondary to severe tracheal narrowing resulting from recurrent carcinoma extending into the mediastinum, as noted on the chest x-ray film; serum calcitonin level at this time was 22 ng/ml (normal,
Superselective microcoil embolization for endoscopically uncontrollable bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: C. Lee, J. Park, T. Lee, S. Lee, I. Chung, S. Park, H. Kim, S. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 57-year-old man underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of early gastric cancer of the antrum ([Fig. 1]). There was no immediate bleeding after the procedure, and a proton pump inhibitor was given intravenously for the prevention of delayed bleeding after ESD. Twelve hours after ESD, the patient suddenly developed hematemesis and melena. His systolic blood pressure was 80 mm Hg and heart rate was 110 beats per minute. His hemoglobin level decreased from 14.5 g/dL to 9.2 g/dL. Emergency gastroscopy revealed profuse oozing of blood from the artificial ulcer with an overlying clot. Endoscopic hemostasis using hemoclips was attempted, however, cessation of bleeding was not achieved as the active oozing masked its source ([Fig. 2]).
113 Long-term outcome after resection of large hepatocellular carcinoma: A compared study of 2102 patients over the past decade in China
Authors: X.P. Chen, F.Z. Qiu, Z.D. Wu, Z.W. Zhang, Z.Y. Huang, Y.F. Chen, B.X. Zhang, W.G. Zhang, S.Q. He
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
GPs' diagnoses of type II diabetes rose by 50% in 10 years, study shows
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The prevalence of type II diabetes has increased by more than 50% in a decade, a UK study of GP consultations indicates.

The number of patients with a diagnosis of high blood pressure has also increased by a third, and consultations for hypothyroidism are up too, shows the study in the British Journal of General Practice (2005;55:589-95).

The results should prompt …
HIGH FREQUENCY OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES AT EARLY REPOLARIZATION PHASE IN IDIOPATHIC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
Authors: Yuka Hayashi, Hiroshi Watanabe, Kazuki Okamura, Masahito Sato, Yukio Hosaka, Hiroshi Furushima, Masaomi Chinushi, Hirotaka Oda, Masaaki Okabe, Yoshifusa Aizawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Atlas der Angiokardiographie angeborener Herzfehler
Authors: Aaron Arkin
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This atlas is the first of its kind to appear in the German language. The authors have combined their roentgenographic studies with the clinical data. The indications for angiocardiography and the special technique for obtaining satisfactory angiocardiograms are described. The severity of a lesion can be determined by analysis of the pathological changes and the hemodynamics; changes in the heart and blood vessels in systole and diastole can only be determined with serial angiocardiograms. Such studies are indispensable in determining the indications for surgery. The general section of the atlas discusses the historical and technical data of angiocardiography. The normal and abnormal passage of the catheter is described with excellent roentgenograms and sketches. There are descriptions of the normal angiocardiogram. The special section presents the stenoses of the ventricular outflow tracts: pulmonary stenoses and aortic stenoses. The abnormal intracardiac and extracardiac communications, (1) interatrial defects, (2) patent ductus arteriosus, and
Availability of Tanning Beds on US College Campuses
Authors: Sherry L. Pagoto, Stephenie C. Lemon, Jessica L. Oleski, Jonathan M. Scully, Gin-Fei Olendzki, Martinus M. Evans, Wenjun Li, L. Carter Florence, Brittany Kirkland, Joel J. Hillhouse
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Indoor tanning is widespread among young adults in the United States despite evidence establishing it as a risk factor for skin cancer. The availability of tanning salons on or near college campuses has not been formally evaluated.To evaluate the availability of indoor tanning facilities on US college and university campuses (colleges) and in off-campus housing surrounding but not owned by the college.This observational study sampled the top 125 US colleges and universities listed in US News and World Report. Investigators searched websites of the colleges and nearby housing and contacted them by telephone inquiring about tanning services.Frequency of indoor tanning facilities on college campus and in off-campus housing facilities, as well as payment options for tanning.Of the 125 colleges, 48.0% had indoor tanning facilities either on campus or in off-campus housing, and 14.4% of colleges allow campus cash cards to be used to pay for tanning. Indoor tanning was available on campus in 12.0% of colleges and in off-campus housing in 42.4% of colleges. Most off-campus housing facilities with indoor tanning (96%) provide it free to tenants. Midwestern colleges had the highest prevalence of indoor tanning on campus (26.9%), whereas Southern colleges had the highest prevalence of indoor tanning in off-campus housing facilities (67.7%). Presence of on-campus tanning facilities was significantly associated with enrollment (P = .01), region (P = .02), and presence of a school of public health (P = .01) but not private vs public status (P = .18) or presence of a tobacco policy (P = .16). Presence of tanning facilities in off-campus housing was significantly associated with region (P = .002) and private vs public status (P = .01) but not enrollment (P = .38), tobacco policy (P = .80), or presence of a school of public health (P = .69).Reducing the availability of indoor tanning on and around college campuses is an important public health target.
Fortunes of war
Authors: B. G Jones
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The patient was an army major who, at the age of 90, had long since retired from her military nursing career. Her independence was restricted because of increasing difficulty with shoulder movements. Simple activities like washing and everyday tasks such as cooking and cleaning were becoming painful.

Clinical and radiological examination revealed bilateral rotator cuff arthropathy. For her age she was in particularly good health, and we offered her a shoulder arthroscopy. She was intrigued by the concept of “keyhole surgery” and the advances of modern orthopaedic surgery. She began to indulge in …
Patupilone Acts as Radiosensitizing Agent in Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Barbara Hofstetter, Van Vuong, Angela Broggini-Tenzer, Stephan Bodis, Ilja F. Ciernik, Doriano Fabbro, Markus Wartmann, Gerd Folkers, Martin Pruschy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Interference with microtubule function is a promising antitumoral concept. Paclitaxel is a clinically validated tubulin-targeting agent; however, treatment with paclitaxel is often limited by taxane-related toxicities and is ineffective in tumors with multidrug-resistant cells. Patupilone (EPO906, epothilone B) is a novel non-taxane-related microtubule-stabilizing natural compound that retains full activity in multidrug-resistant tumors and is clinically less toxic than paclitaxel. Here we have investigated the effect of combined treatment with ionizing radiation and patupilone or paclitaxel in the P-glycoprotein-overexpressing, p53-mutated human colon adenocarcinoma cell line SW480 and in murine, genetically defined E1A/ras-transformed paclitaxel-sensitive embryo fibroblasts. Patupilone and paclitaxel alone and in combination with ionizing radiation reduced the proliferative activity of the E1A/ras-transformed cell line with similar potency in the sub and low nanomolar range. SW480 cells were only sensitive to patupilone, and combined treatment with low-dose patupilone (0.1 nmol/L) followed by clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation (2 and 5 Gy) resulted in a supra-additive cytotoxic effect. Inhibition of the drug efflux protein P-glycoprotein with verapamil resensitized SW480 cells to treatment with low doses of paclitaxel alone and in combination with IR. In tumor xenografts derived from SW480 cells a minimal treatment regimen with patupilone and fractionated irradiation (1 × 2 mg/kg plus 4 × 3 Gy) resulted in an at least additive tumor response with extended tumor growth arrest. Analysis by flow cytometry in vitro revealed an apoptosis- and G2-M-independent mode of radiosensitization by patupilone. Interestingly though, a transient accumulation of cells in S phase was observed on combined treatment.Overall, patupilone might be a promising alternative in paclitaxel-resistant, P-glycoprotein-overexpressing tumors for a combined treatment regimen using ionizing radiation and a microtubule inhibitor.
Opposing adrenergic actions of intravenous metformin on arterial pressure in female spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: J Peuler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Intravenous (iv) injection of the antidiabetic drug metformin rapidly lowers mean arterial pressure (MAP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, if autonomic ganglia or α-adrenoceptors are first blocked then metformin rapidly raises MAP in SHR. This study was conducted to further characterize the adrenergic mechanisms of these opposing iv actions of the drug. Methods: Conscious, undisturbed female SHR with indwelling vascular catheters were used to measure acute effects of iv metformin (100 mg/kg; before and after sustained ganglionic blockade, GB, with chlorisondamine, 5 mg/kg) on: (1) circulating levels of catecholamines, (2) MAP after pharmacologic modulation of β- as well as α-adrenoceptors and (3) all the above in the absence as well as presence of the adrenal medulla. Results: Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels (pg/ml) were rapidly increased by iv metformin (8 SHR, p<0.05) both before GB (ΔNE=+146±41; ΔE=+119±31) and after GB (ΔNE=+79±24; ΔE=+120±32). Similar increases in plasma NE (though not E) were seen in SHR without adrenal medullae. Blockade of β-adrenoceptors with propranolol (pro; 3 mg/kg, 8 SHR) enhanced the rapid depressor response to iv metformin before GB (ΔMAP, mmHg: −38±4 with pro vs −17±3 without pro; p<0.05) and attenuated the rapid pressor response to iv metformin after GB (ΔMAP, mmHg: +8±3 with pro vs +30±4 without pro; p<0.05). Results were similar in SHR without adrenal medullae. Finally, if baseline MAP under GB was raised back to hypertensive levels with iv infusion of either NE or phenylephrine then iv metformin did not raise but rather reduced MAP in SHR. Conclusion(s): The acute depressor action of iv metformin in female SHR (1) is most likely due to a direct vasodilator action which includes inhibition of α-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and (2) is buffered by an acute β-receptor-mediated pressor action likely due to a direct metformin-induced release of NE from postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings.
Adenovirus-mediated E2-EPF UCP Gene Transfer Prevents Autoamputation in a Mouse Model of Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Jung Hwa Lim, Hyo Jung Shin, Kyeong-Su Park, Chan Hee Lee, Cho-Rok Jung, Dong-Soo Im
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

E2-EPF ubiquitin carrier protein (UCP) stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inducing ischemic vascular responses. Here, we investigated the effect of UCP gene transfer on therapeutic angiogenesis. Adenovirus-encoded UCP (Ad-F-UCP) increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in cells and mice. Conditioned media from UCP-overexpressing cells promoted proliferation, tubule formation, and invasion of human umbilical-vascular-endothelial cells (HUVECs), and vascularization in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Ad-F-UCP increased the vessel density in the Martigel plug assay, and generated copious vessel-like structures in the explanted muscle. The UCP effect on angiogenesis was dependent on VEGF and FGF-2. In mouse hindlimb ischemia model (N = 30/group), autoamputation (limb loss) occurred in 87% and 68% of the mice with saline and Ad encoding β-galactosidase (Ad-LacZ), respectively, whereas only 23% of the mice injected with Ad-F-UCP showed autoamputation after 21 days of treatment. Ad-F-UCP increased protein levels of HIF-1α, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), smooth muscle cell actin (SMA) in the ischemic muscle, and augmented blood vessels doubly positive for PECAM-1 and SMA. Consequently, UCP gene transfer prevented muscle degeneration and autoamputation of ischemic limb. The results suggest that E2-EPF UCP may be a target for therapeutic angiogenesis.
Dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) genetic polymorphism: pleiotropic effects on heritable renal traits
Authors: Maple M. Fung, Brinda K. Rana, Chih-Min Tang, Tetsuo Shiina, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Fangwen Rao, Rany M. Salem, Jill Waalen, Michael G. Ziegler, Paul A. Insel, Daniel T. O'Connor
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Preliminary report: Effect of adrenal androgen and estrogen on bone maturation and bone mineral density
Authors: Osamu Arisaka, Megumi Hoshi, Sanae Kanazawa, Michio Numata, Daisuke Nakajima, Shinko Kanno, Masaho Negishi, Kiyoshi Nishikura, Akihisa Nitta, Mariko Imataka, Takeshi Kuribayashi, Kenichi Kano
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Antimicrobials
Authors: Eileen F. Murphy, Siobhan F. Clarke, Tatiana M. Marques, Colin Hill, Catherine Stanton, R. Paul Ross, Robert M. O’Doherty, Fergus Shanahan, Paul D. Cotter
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Obesity is associated with a number of serious health consequences, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and a variety of cancers among others and has been repeatedly shown to be associated with a higher risk of mortality. The relatively recent discovery that the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota may affect the risk of developing obesity and related disorders has led to an explosion of interest in this distinct research field. A corollary of these findings would suggest that modulation of gut microbial populations can have beneficial effects with respect to controlling obesity. In this addendum, we summarize our recent data, showing that therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota using different antimicrobial strategies may be a useful approach for the management of obesity and metabolic conditions. In addition, we will explore some of the mechanisms that may contribute to microbiota-induced susceptibility to obesity and metabolic diseases.
THE INFLUENCE OF TYPHOID BACILLI ON THE ANTIBODIES OF NORMAL AND IMMUNE RABBITS
Authors: Carroll G. Bull
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

The subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous inoculation of cultures of typhoid bacilli did not cause, as far as could be determined, a decrease in the antibody content of the blood serum of the rabbit. On the other hand, the intravenous inoculation of typhoid bacilli causes a rapid mobilization of normal antibodies, thus increasing their concentration in the blood, to be followed somewhat later, as in the other forms of inoculation, by the production of so called acquired antibodies. No such condition as the negative phase of Wright was discovered, although especially looked for in the experiments.
UTERUS BILOCULARIS.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: L. H. DUNNING
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Of the various forms of malformation of the uterus due to defective development of the ducts of Müller, uterus bilocularis shows the least deviation from the normal, and ranks as second in point of frequency of occurrence. Of the 271 cases of such malformations, the histories of which have been studied by the writer, there were of uterus bipartitus, 14; uterus unicornis, 18; uterus bicornis, 175; uterus bilocularis, 68. This represents all the cases on record and classified in the library of the Surgeon-General's Office to May 1, 1888. The causes operating to produce these malformations are unknown. The inner walls of the ducts of Müller meet and coalesce previous to the eighth week of embryonic life. The septum disappears between the eighth and twelfth weeks. It is in these periods that the form of malformation is, in the main, determined. When the walls of the ducts fuse, but do
Clarification Regarding “Phase II Trials Published in 2002: A Cross-Specialty Comparison Showing Significant Design Differences between Oncology Trials and Other Medical Specialties” and the Accompanying Commentary, “Phase II Cancer Trials: Out of Control?”
Authors: Bruce A. Chabner, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

To the Editors: We would like to clarify our comments about the use of placebos in phase II cancer clinical trials, as discussed in the article by Michaelis and Ratain, “Phase II Trials Published in 2002: A Cross-Specialty Comparison Showing Significant Design Differences between Oncology Trials and Other Medical Specialties” (1), and the accompanying commentary, “Phase II Cancer Trials: Out of Control” by Chabner (2).In particular, the commentary addressed the “problematic” inclusion of a control group treated only with placebo as one arm of a randomized phase II evaluation of an experimental compound. Although many oncologists would find it difficult to offer such a trial to patients with progressive and potentially fatal disease, we both strongly endorse certain “innovative” trial designs that use placebos. Such designs might include either a limited period of placebo treatment versus initial therapy with experimental drug, a trial of a standard agent plus placebo versus the same standard agent plus an experimental agent, or a randomized discontinuation design in which all patients receive experimental drug, and, thereafter, stable patients receive either continued experimental drug or placebo, until disease progression. These and other designs might provide valuable information regarding the effect of the experimental drug on disease progression, and at the same time provide an opportunity to assess the effect of drug on biomarkers. In these and other trial designs, periods of placebo treatment are not likely to adversely affect patient outcomes compared with “standard” treatment. Other novel designs using placebos are certainly possible.
The Indirect Costs of Graduate Medical Education
Authors: James M. Cameron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Abstract This analysis, aimed at measuring the indirect costs associated with hospital teaching programs, found that university teaching hospitals were 33 per cent more costly than nonteaching hospitals with respect to direct hospital costs (excluding overhead) after adjustment for differences in case mix using diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). This study found major teaching hospitals (not administered by a university) to be 18 per cent and minor teaching hospitals 9 per cent more costly than nonteaching hospitals. These cost differentials were due primarily to the greater intensity of services provided in teaching settings rather than to the cost per unit of service. Inclusion of the full costs of physician services reduced the cost differences among teaching categories. Although teaching hospitals, especially university teaching hospitals, are demonstrably more expensive than nonteaching hospitals for the same types of cases, researchers and policy makers must consider the physician-substitution effect. This is particularly important in the light of the current controversy over the integration of physician costs for inpatient services into Medicare's DRG-based prospective-payment system. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1233–8).
Anabolic Steroid Use Among Male High School Seniors-Reply
Authors: William E. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  Amsel et al make several observations that further focus the public health implications of the nonmedical use of anabolic steroids. While the extent of needle sharing among anabolic steroid users is unknown, we agree that this behavior could increase the rate of human immunodeficiency virus infection. In fact, we mention this concern in an article that will appear in the Journal of Drug Education . 1   Drs Eriksen and Kondo criticize the generalizability of our findings to the entire population of adolescent males. In our study, we made every attempt to consider the characteristics of the sampling process as it relates to its representativeness as well as to the issues of overreporting and underreporting. We acknowledged in our article that the presence of a certified athletic trainer as a requisite for a high school to be in the study population introduces a potential bias. However, we contend that