tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Baseline Factors Predicting Placebo Response to Treatment in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bryan H. King, Kimberly Dukes, Craig L. Donnelly, Linmarie Sikich, James T. McCracken, Lawrence Scahill, Eric Hollander, Joel D. Bregman, Evdokia Anagnostou, Fay Robinson, Lisa Sullivan, Deborah Hirtz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

The finding of factors that differentially predict the likelihood of response to placebo over that of an active drug could have a significant impact on study design in this population.To identify possible nonspecific, baseline predictors of response to intervention in a large randomized clinical trial of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.Randomized clinical trial of citalopram hydrobromide for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and prominent repetitive behavior. Baseline data at study entry were examined with respect to final outcome to determine if response predictors could be identified. A total of 149 children and adolescents 5 to 17 years of age (mean [SD] age, 9.4 [3.1] years) from 6 academic centers were randomly assigned to citalopram (n = 73) or placebo (n = 76). Participants had autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified; had illness severity ratings that were moderate or more than moderate on the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale; and scored moderate or more than moderate on compulsive behaviors measured with the modified Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.Twelve weeks of treatment with citalopram (10 mg/5 mL) or placebo. The mean (SD) maximum dose of citalopram was 16.5 (6.5) mg by mouth daily (maximum dose, 20 mg/d).A positive response was defined as having a score of at least much improved on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale at week 12. Baseline measures included demographic (sex, age, weight, and pubertal status), clinical, and family measures. Clinical variables included baseline illness severity ratings (the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised, and the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale). Family measures included the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire.Several baseline predictors of response were identified, and a principal component analysis yielded 3 composite measures (disruptive behavior, autism/mood, and caregiver strain) that significantly predicted response at week 12. Specifically, participants in the placebo group were significantly less likely than participants in the citalopram group to respond at week 12 if they entered the study more symptomatic on each of the 3 composite measures, and they were at least 2 times less likely to be responders.This analysis suggests strategies that may be useful in anticipating and potentially mitigating the nonspecific response in randomized clinical trials of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00086645.
Digital ultraviolet therapy: a novel therapeutic approach for the targeted treatment of psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: T. Werfel, F. Holiangu, K.-H. Niemann, O. Schmerling, F. Lüllau, A. Zedler, H.-D. Sträter, M. Niebuhr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

8-Methoxypsoralen-UVA (PUVA) and narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) are well-established treatments for chronic plaque-type psoriasis vulgaris. However, long-term risks of PUVA therapy include premature skin ageing and squamous cell carcinoma.To develop a device for targeted UV therapy of psoriatic plaques with protection of the healthy adjacent skin to reduce the risk for premature skin ageing and squamous cell carcinoma.In total 28 patients with exacerbated psoriasis vulgaris were treated with the digital phototherapy device skintrek(®) [cream PUVA (n = 8), bath PUVA (n = 11) and UVB (n = 9)] or with conventional bath PUVA (n = 9) or NB-UVB (n = 4).The local Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score was significantly reduced from a mean of 6·25 at baseline to 2·75 at the end of therapy in the skintrek cream PUVA group, from 6·4 to 3·0 in the skintrek bath PUVA group and from 5·5 to 2·0 in the skintrek UVB group. Treatment with skintrek cream PUVA reduced the mean local PASI by 54%, while skintrek bath PUVA did so by 51% and skintrek UVB by 63%. Targeted skintrek PUVA and skintrek UVB of inflamed psoriatic skin avoided skin pigmentation and were not inferior to conventional bath PUVA and NB-UVB therapy regimens.Targeted UV therapy of psoriatic plaques with the digital phototherapy device skintrek is as effective as conventional cream and bath PUVA, as well as NB-UVB, while simultaneously sparing the healthy adjacent skin. It therefore potentially reduces the carcinogenic risk, reduces premature skin ageing and avoids tanning of healthy surrounding skin.
Use of surface acoustic waves to reduce pain and discomfort related to indwelling nasogastric tube
Authors: A. Schlager, Y. Metzger, S. Adler
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Nasogastric intubation, one of the most widely utilized therapeutic procedures in medical practice, is associated with trauma, pain, and discomfort, which can occur both at insertion and during the indwelling phase. Although lubricating jelly is useful during the insertion phase, insertion can still cause great discomfort. Furthermore, the jelly is rapidly absorbed and therefore is unable to decrease the friction between the tissues and the tube during the indwelling phase of the nasogastric tube. The aim of this study was to test a device, the NG-Shield, that generates surface acoustic waves on the surfaces of the nasogastric tube to reduce contact time and thus friction between the nasogastric tube and body tissues.Twenty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled in a single-center, crossover, blinded study, in which a nasogastric tube was inserted and left indwelling for 6 hours. Throughout the indwelling period the device was activated and deactivated alternately every hour, and the volunteers were questioned every hour about their pain and discomfort levels as well as grading pain and discomfort upon insertion and removal of the nasogastric tube. Pain and discomfort levels were compared between active and nonactive phases of the device.The activated NG-Shield was found to reduce both pain and discomfort significantly in both the nose and throat throughout the indwelling phase.The NG-Shield is a safe and effective device for reducing pain and discomfort associated with an indwelling nasogastric tube.
POSTURE IN DIFFICULT LABOUR
Authors: R. C. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1924)

T MBDit iO- 22l Au(.'-r21- IDCLJUNr seeems probable that this procedure prevented the subsequent development of a much more grave disturbance of hepatic funiiction.4. The van den Bergh test is simple.It is the most rapid and most easily applied of all the tests applicable to the investigation of disturbed hepatic function, and, with experience, is reliable.The results obtained are accurate enough for all clinical purposes, although no colorimetric nmethod of this kind can pretend to more than approximate acuracy.5. It is suggested that the van den Bergh test, if used as a routine in cases of sypphilis undergoing treatment by arsenobenzol compounds, affords a strong safeguard against the development of the grave condition of post-salvarsan jaundice, fatalities from which are more frequent than general mortality statistics would lead one to believe.The -small amount of serum necessary for the test is readily obtained when taking the blood for the routine Wassermani reactions.A ckno wlcdgemen ts.
Vesicle pool mobilization during action potential firing at hippocampal synapses
Authors: Timothy A Ryan, Stephen J Smith
Journal: Neuron (1995)

Using the fluorescent membrane label FM 1-43, we have measured the release, reuptake, and repriming of synaptic vesicles in response to action potential stimulation of cultured hippocampal neurons. We find that approximately 90% of a recycling vesicle pool is released during 60 s of 10 Hz action potential firing, and that a single action potential releases approximately 0.5% of that pool. Our data also indicate that endocytic reuptake of vesicle membrane externalized by 10 Hz action potentials lags exocytosis, with a half-time on the order of 20 s, and that the minimum time for repriming of an endocytosed vesicle is on the order of 15 s. Finally, we find that once vesicles have undergone this repriming period, they become functionally mixed in the vesicle pool within a few minutes; the probability of release for recently recycled vesicles is indistinguishable from that of vesicles that have resided within the bouton for much longer periods.
Spindle Epithelial Tumor With Thymus-Like Differentiation of the Thyroid
Authors: Sami Ajmi, Sihem Trimeche, Manel Nouira, Raja Sfar, Amel Trabelsi, Habib Essabbah
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE) of the thyroid is a rare tumor that occurs habitually in children and young adults. To date, about 20 cases of SETTLE have been reported in the English medical literature. It is considered to be a tumor of low malignancy with a favorable outcome, but delayed blood-borne metastases have been reported (sometimes over 20 years after initial treatment). In the current report, the authors describe an interesting case of SETTLE in a young woman. Double phase Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy showed accumulation of the tracer in the thyroid mass.
Type III Procollagen Peptide in the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Association of Increased Peptide Levels in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid with Increased Risk for Death
Authors: Joan G. Clark
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of the N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen (procollagen III) are increased in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome and, if so, whether increased procollagen III levels in lavage fluid are associated with increased fatality rates. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital affiliated with a medical school. Patients: 117 consecutive patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome prospectively identified on admission; 6 healthy volunteers served as controls. Measurements: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid procollagen III levels in 117 patients at 3, 7, and 14 days after onset of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (total of 196 lavage samples). Results: The median procollagen III level was 1.75 U/mL (range, 0 to 13.4 U/mL) in lavage fluid obtained from patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. We detected procollagen III levels in lavage fluid from 80% of patients (94 of 117) but not in 6 normal volunteers. The overall fatality rate was 41% (48 of 117 patients). In a univariate analysis, the relative risk (RR) for death was increased in patients with procollagen III levels of 1.75 U/mL or more obtained on day 3 (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.3), day 7 (RR, 2.7; CI, 1.4 to 5.4), and day 14 (RR, 2.7; CI, 1.1 to 6.3). Inclusion of other variables in a multivariate model only minimally decreased the risk associated with increased procollagen III levels. Conclusion: Increased levels of type III procollagen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are frequently detected in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome and are strongly associated with increased risk for fatal outcome independent of other variables related to fatality in patients with the syndrome.
AICAR prevents heat-induced sudden death in RyR1 mutant mice independent of AMPK activation
Authors: Johanna T Lanner, Dimitra K Georgiou, Adan Dagnino-Acosta, Alina Ainbinder, Qing Cheng, Aditya D Joshi, Zanwen Chen, Viktor Yarotskyy, Joshua M Oakes, Chang Seok Lee, Tanner O Monroe, Arturo Santillan, Keke Dong, Laurie Goodyear, Iskander I Ismailov, George G Rodney, Robert T Dirksen, Susan L Hamilton
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Abstract 3169: MicroRNA-144 induces proliferation and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through repression of PTEN
Authors: Li Yi Zhang, Li Fu, Xin Yuan Guan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a characteristic type of head and neck cancer which is frequent in Southern China. Different from other head and neck cancers, tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) mutation and deletion in NPC is uncommon. Conversely, downregulation of TSGs expression by miRNA is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism of nasopharyngeal tumorigenesis. In this study, we report that miR-144 is commonly upregulated in NPC specimens and NPC cell lines, its repression decreased cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, invasion and tumor growth, establishing an important oncogenic role for this miRNA. Further, we verified tumor suppressor gene PTEN as a direct target through luciferase reporter assay in NPC cell lines. Similar to the restoring miR-144 expression in miR-144 attenuated cells, PTEN downregulation in miR-144 attenuated cells increase cell growth and invasion. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-144 suppressed the expression of PTEN to downregulate p53 while suppressing the expression of pAKT and cyclin D1 induce G1-phase cell-cycle arrest. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-144 functions as an onco-miRNA in NPC, and its onco-effects are mediated chiefly by repressing PTEN expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3169. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3169
Abstract LB-204: Gene expression profiling of hormone-regulating pathways in tumoral and peritumoral breast tissues
Authors: Flageole Christine, Étienne Audet-Walsh, Alain Bélanger, Chantal Guillemette
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of our investigation was to study the mRNA expression of sex-steroids pathways involved in androgen and estrogen synthesis and metabolism in tumor and surrounding peritumoral normal breast tissues. High integrity RNA was purified and specific quantitative realtime PCR assays was performed to assess expression level of thirty two genes in breast tissues from the 4 quadrants of postmenopausal mastectomy patients diagnose with breast cancer. The expression changes between tumors (n=31) and paired normal (n=86) tissues were assessed using a general linear model on log-transformed data. Results: The main pathway involved in estrogen synthesis in postmenopausal women, steroid sulfatase, was detected at lower levels in tumor tissues compared to non-malignant tissues. mRNA expression levels of aromatase converting androgen to estrogen were relatively constant between peritumoral normal and tumoral tissues while androgen conjugating enzymes leading to inactive metabolites were overexpressed in tumoral tissues (1.4-fold; P &amp;lt; 0.04). Expression of CYP1A1, involved in the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-catecholestrogens, was constantly detected at lower level in tumors compared to peritumoral tissues (3.7 fold; P &amp;lt; 0.001). However, no prominent changes for the catechol-o-methytransferase (COMT), involved in the conversion of 2-hydroxy-catecholestrogens to methoxy metabolites with cancer-protective properties, was noted. In contrast, CYP1B1 expression was enhanced by 1.7 fold in tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.001) suggesting a greater in situ formation of 4-hydroxy-catecholestrogens, a group of metabolites associated with DNA damage and production of redox species. Data also reveal a lower expression in tumors of the NAD(P)H quinone oxydoreductase 2 (NQO2) most active against catechol estrogens (1.8-fold; P=0.04), while expression of NQO1 remained unchanged. These observations were further enhanced in estrogen receptor positive tumors. Conclusion: Our data add to the emerging evidence of an imbalance in the production of androgen, estrogen and their metabolites in breast tumors, preferentially leading to the accumulation of carcinogenic metabolites while decreasing protective metabolites in neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-204.
Bacteriuria and Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was most interested in the report of Takahashi and Loveland (227:762, 1974). They found a higher prevalence of bacteriuria among users of oral contraceptives at virtually all ages studied. Certain aspects of this study deserve comment. For example, the finding that the prevalence of bacteriuria did not appear to rise with age is surprising, since this is a well-described feature of urinary tract infections. My main reason for writing, however, is to provide comparative data from a study we conducted some years ago in Virginia (<i>N Engl J Med</i>278:635, 1968). Data on oral contraceptive use were gathered from a control population in a study of the prevalence of bacteriuria among nuns. Our criterion for significant bacteriuria was three consecutive urine cultures containing more than 100,000 colonies per milliliter, in which the same species of bacteria was recovered in each culture. All of the patients were white
Hypertension: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<b>Management of Essential Hypertension,</b>by F. Gilbert McMahon, 468 pp, with illus, $18.50, Mt Kisco, NY, Futura, 1978. Lulled into complacency by the safety, simplicity, and effectiveness of the current "stepped-care" treatment of hypertension for 98% of its victims, physicians have devoted less attention to the substantial scientific inquiry into its mechanisms during the last decade than otherwise would have been given to a disease of this importance. The authors of both books reviewed here estimate that 23 million adult Americans (one in ten) have high blood pressure and consequently have a higher-than-average risk of stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, and renal failure. Davis et al have tapped the highly developed perspectives of 33 leading investigators to present the neglected scientific progress of recent years in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, neurovegetative factors, vascular reactivity, intravascular volume interaction, mineralocorticoids, oral contraceptives, prostaglandins, and other renal humoral regulators in the regulation
Possible Role of Cytomegalovirus in Atherogenesis
Authors: Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

ATHEROSCLEROTIC plaques consist of complex accumulations produced by arterial smooth muscle cells, which proliferate excessively at the site of plaque formation. To explain the onset of this abnormal cellular proliferation, it has been suggested that injury to the endothelial lining of the artery results in exposure of underlying smooth muscle cells to hormones, low-density lipoproteins, and various growth-promoting factors associated with serum and platelets. It has also been suggested that a transforming event causes arterial smooth muscle cells to begin dividing and form a focus of proliferating cells.  The possibility of viral infection playing a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is compatible with the hypotheses described above, since viruses may cause cell destruction, alter cellular metabolism, or induce transformation of infected cells. Recent work in this area has been stimulated by the finding that atherosclerotic lesions, strikingly similar to those in human disease, were reproducibly induced in chickens by
Fusion proteins between ligands for NKG2D and CD20-directed single-chain variable fragments sensitize lymphoma cells for natural killer cell-mediated lysis and enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: C Kellner, D Hallack, P Glorius, M Staudinger, S Mohseni Nodehi, M de Weers, J G J van de Winkel, P W H I Parren, M Stauch, T Valerius, R Repp, A Humpe, M Gramatzki, M Peipp
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
miRNA-24 and miRNA-466i-5p controls inflammation in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Subramanian Saravanan, Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham, Hamza Hanieh, Kulandaivelu Karikalan, Durairaj Sekar, Rukkumani Rajagopalan, Villianur Ibrahim Hairul Islam
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
18F-NAF IS A PREDICTOR OF PROGRESSION AND OUTCOME IN AORTIC VALVE DISEASE
Authors: William Jenkins, Marc Dweck, Anoop Shah, Mark Pringle, Calvin Chin, Hamish Richardson, Alison Fletcher, Renzo Pessotto, Nicholas Boon, Edwin JR van Beek, James Rudd, David Newby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cutaneous malignant melanomas occurring under cyclosporin A therapy: a report of two cases
Authors: Y. MEROT, P.A. MIESCHER, F. BALSIGER, P. MAGNENAT, E. FRENK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Two patients are reported with cutaneous malignant melanoma who had been on treatment with cyclosporin A. The first case was a 44-year-old man with systemic sclerosis and the second a 52-year-old woman who had a renal transplant. In both cases cyclosporin A was administered with a low dose of prednisone.
Helical tomotherapy in the treatment of anal canal cancer: Preliminary results
Authors: M. Ozsahin, M. Pachoud, R. Moeckli, G. Letenneur, C. Lacombe, M. Montemurro, M. Betz, O. Matzinger, R. O. Mirimanoff, A. Zouhair
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15098 Background: To report a single-center experience treating patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal using helical tomotherapy (HT) and concurrent chemotherapy, and compare the dosimetric results with 3D conformal radiotherapy (RT) or intensity modulated RT (IMRT). Methods: From May 2007 to December 2007, 8 patients were treated with HT and concurrent chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and mitomycin) for anal squamous-cell carcinoma. All patients underwent computed-tomography-based treatment planning, with pelvic regions and inguinal nodes receiving 36 Gy in 1.8 Gy per fraction. Following a planned one-week break, primary tumor site and involved nodes were boosted to a total dose of 59.4 Gy. DVHs of several organs at risk (OAR; bladder, small intestin, rectum, femoral heads, penile bulb, external genitalia) were assessed in terms of conformal avoidance. All toxicity was scored according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. HT plans and treatment were implemented using Tomotherapy, Inc., software and hardware. For dosimetric comparisons, 3D RT and/or IMRT plans were also computed for each patient using the CMS planning system, for treatment with 6–18 MV photons and/or electrons with suitable energies from a Siemens Primus linear accelerator equipped with a multileaf collimator. Results: With 360-degree-of-freedom beam projection, HT has an advantage over other RT techniques (3D or IMRT). There is significant improvement over 3D or IMRT plans in terms of dose conformity around the planning treatment volume (PTV), and dose gradients are steeper outside the target volume, resulting in reduced doses to OARs. Using HT, acute tolerance was acceptable, and seemed to be better than historical standards. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that HT combined with concurrent chemotherapy for anal cancer is effective and tolerable. Compared to 3D RT or IMRT, there is better conformity around the PTV, and OAR sparing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.