tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book: Thelonious Monk: His Life and Music Book: Straight, No Chaser. The Life and Genius of Thelonious Monk
Authors: S. A Spence
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Thomas Fitterling Berkeley Hills Books, £15.95, pp 238 ISBN 0 9653774 1 5 Leslie Gourse Books with Attitude, £16.99, pp 340 ISBN 1 901526 08 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>,![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img>![Graphic][6]</img> Thelonious Monk's music is instantly recognisable, sounding as if the modernist Schoenberg had inherited the jazz tradition of Fats Waller: angular music, jangling with discordant note clusters, set over jerking rhythms which nevertheless seem to "swing." It is redolent of his beloved New York and expressive of a singular world view. But in the emerging literature that addresses his troubled life it is his state of mind which recurrently punctuates the rhythms of his musical career. In each of these works the authors eventually ask "What went wrong with Monk?" Thelonious "Sphere" Monk was born in North Carolina in 1917. His family lived on the "coloured side" of town. They moved to New York when Thelonious was 6 years old, his mother becoming the sole breadwinner when his father returned to North Carolina. From then until the 1980s, Monk would live in the same small apartment; first with his mother and siblings, later joined by his wife and then by their own children. At 14, he was contributing to the family's income by playing at "rent parties" (where neighbours subsidised their impoverished hosts). At 16, he became a … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif
Oseltamivir Carboxylate, the Active Metabolite of Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu), Detected in Sewage Discharge and River Water in Japan
Authors: Gopal C. Ghosh, Norihide Nakada, Naoyuki Yamashita, Hiroaki Tanaka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Oseltamivir phosphate (OP; Tamiflu) is a prodrug of the anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) and has been developed for the treatment and prevention of both A and B strains of influenza. The recent increase in OP resistance in influenza A virus (H1N1; commonly called "swine flu") has raised questions about the widespread use of Tamiflu in seasonal epidemics and the potential ecotoxicologic risk associated with its use in the event of a pandemic.The objectives of this study were to develop an analytical method for quantitative determination of OC in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent and receiving river water, and to investigate the occurrence of OC in STP effluent and river water in Japan during a seasonal flu outbreak.We developed an analytical method based on solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using this method, we analyzed samples from three sampling campaigns conducted during the 2008-2009 flu season in Kyoto City, Japan.The highest concentration of OC detected in STP discharge was 293.3 ng/L from a conventional activated-sludge-based STP; however, we detected only 37.9 ng/L from an advanced STP with ozonation as a tertiary treatment. In the receiving river water samples, we detected 6.6-190.2 ng/L OC, during the peak of the flu season.OC is present in STP effluent and river water only during the flu season. Ozonation as tertiary treatment in STP will substantially reduce the OC load in STP effluent during an influenza epidemic or pandemic.
Tumor necrosis factor and endotoxin in the pathogenesis of liver and pulmonary injuries after orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat
Authors: Moritaka Goto, Yoshiyuki Takei, Sunao Kawano, Shingo Tsuji, Hiroyuki Fukui, Hiroaki Fushimi, Yoshiya Nishimura, Toru Kashiwagi, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

This study examines whether tumor necrosis factor and endotoxin are involved in the pathogenesis of primary nonfunction of graft and pulmonary complication after orthotopic liver transplantation. Livers from Lewis rats were stored for either 1 or 4 hr in ice-cold Euro-Collins solution (1-hr storage and 4-hr storage group, respectively). Subsequently, donor livers were implanted orthotopically. In some experiments, anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody was administered intravenously before and immediately after the surgery into animals that received livers stored for 4 hr. Blood samples for the measurement of tumor necrosis factor and endotoxin were collected by way of an indwelling catheter placed in the suprahepatic vena cava. Serum tumor necrosis factor was elevated at all time points studied postoperatively in rats of the 4-hr storage group; however, tumor necrosis factor was not detected in the serum in the 1-hr storage group. Endotoxin was also elevated significantly in the serum of the former group compared with levels in the serum of the latter group. The peak value of endotoxin occurred 1 hr earlier than that of tumor necrosis factor, suggesting that the rise in endotoxin stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor. The histological study of livers stored for 4 hr showed substantial hepatocellular degeneration 24 hr after surgery, whereas hepatocellular damage was minimal in the 1-hr storage group. Serum ALT levels 24 hr after the operation in the 1-hr and 4-hr storage groups were 169 +/- 46 IU/L and 374 +/- 41 IU/L (mean +/- S.E.M., p less than 0.05), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PITAVASTATIN 4 MG PROVIDES SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER REDUCTION IN LDL-C COMPARED TO PRAVASTATIN 40 MG WITH NEUTRAL EFFECTS ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM: PRESPECIFIED SAFETY ANALYSIS FROM THE SHORT-TERM PHASE 4 PREVAIL US TRIAL IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERLIPIDEMIA OR MIXED DYSLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Vladimir Kryzhanovski, Roger Morgan, Craig Sponseller, Michael Davidson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Nasal response of rhinitic and non-rhinitic subjects to histamine and methacholine: a comparative study.
Authors: O J Corrado, C A Gould, J Y Kassab, R J Davies
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The nasal responses to provocation with histamine and methacholine were compared in 20 subjects with and 20 without rhinitis. Two variables were measured: nasal airways resistance and the development of rhinorrhoea. Histamine had a greater effect than methacholine in increasing nasal airways resistance while the converse was true for rhinorrhoea. Rhinitic subjects had a significantly greater response to histamine induced changes in nasal airways resistance (p less than 0.05), rhinorrhoea (p less than 0.05) and methacholine induced rhinorrhoea (p less than 0.01) than those without rhinitis. No significant differences were found between the two groups in methacholine induced changes in nasal airways resistance. The findings show that, like the lower airways of patients with asthma, the nasal mucosa of rhinitic subjects shows a greater responsiveness to non-specific agonists than that of non-rhinitic subjects.
Risk Factors for Parvovirus B19 Infection in Pregnancy
Authors: Anne Kristine Valeur-Jensen
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextParvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy has been associated with fetal death. However, the incidence of and risk factors for infection in pregnant women have not been well studied.ObjectivesTo estimate a pregnant woman's risk of infection with parvovirus B19 in epidemic and endemic situations and to study risk factors for infection.DesignPopulation-based cohort study conducted between November 1992 and June 1994.SettingThree regions in Denmark.ParticipantsA total of 30,946 pregnant women from a consecutive and population-based screening.Main Outcome MeasuresSpecific IgG antibodies in serum samples obtained in the first trimester of pregnancy and from the newborn infant to assess past infection and seroconversion. Information on family structure, educational background, socioeconomic status, and pregnancy outcome was obtained from national registers.ResultsBased on 30,946 serum samples, 65.0% of pregnant women had evidence of past infection. Annual seroconversion rates among susceptible women during endemic and epidemic periods were 1.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2%-1.9%) and 13.0% (95% CI, 8.7%-23.1%), respectively. Baseline seropositivity was significantly correlated with increasing number of siblings, having a sibling of the same age, number of own children, and occupational exposure to children. Risk of acute infection increased with the number of children in the household as follows: 0 children odds ratio (OR), 1 (reference); 1 child OR, 3.17 (95% CI, 2.24-4.49); 2 children OR, 5.47 (95% CI, 3.55-8.45); 3 or more children OR, 7.54 (95% CI, 3.80-14.94). Having children aged 6 to 7 years resulted in the highest rate of seroconversion among mothers (6.8%; OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.89-8.73). Compared with other pregnant women, nursery school teachers had a 3-fold increased risk of acute infection (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.62-5.89). Population-attributable risk of seroconversion was 55.4% for number of own children and 6.0% for occupational exposure.ConclusionsThe risk of infection is high for susceptible pregnant women during epidemics and associated with the level of contact with children. Nursery school teachers have the highest occupational risk, but most infections seem to be the result of exposure to the woman's own children.
Molecular analysis of a female Lesch-Nyhan patient.
Authors: N Ogasawara, J T Stout, H Goto, S Sonta, A Matsumoto, C T Caskey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We report the identification of a female patient with the X-linked recessive Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase [HPRT] deficiency). Cytogenetic and carrier studies revealed structurally normal chromosomes for this patient and her parents and demonstrated that this mutation arose through a de novo gametic event. Comparison of this patient's DNA with the DNA of her parents revealed that a microdeletion, which occurred within a maternal gamete and involved the entire HPRT gene, was partially responsible for the disease in this patient. Somatic cell hybrids, generated to separate maternal and paternal X chromosomes, showed that expression of two additional X-linked enzymes, phosphoglycerate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were expressed only in cells that contained the maternal X chromosome, suggesting the presence of a functionally inactive paternal X chromosome. Furthermore, comparison of methylation patterns within a region of the HPRT gene known to be important in gene regulation revealed differences between DNA from the father and the patient, in keeping with an active HPRT locus in the father and an inactive HPRT locus in the patient. Together these data indicate that nonrandom inactivation of the cytogenetically normal paternal X chromosome and a microdeletion of the HPRT gene on an active maternal X chromosome were responsible for the absence of HPRT in this patient.
Curcumin inhibits the replication of enterovirus 71 in vitro
Authors: Ying Qin, Lexun Lin, Yang Chen, Shuo Wu, Xiaoning Si, Heng Wu, Xia Zhai, Yan Wang, Lei Tong, Bo Pan, Xiaoyan Zhong, Tianying Wang, Wenran Zhao, Zhaohua Zhong
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. The epidemic of HFMD has been a public health problem in Asia-Pacific region for decades, and no vaccine and effective antiviral medicine are available. Curcumin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries to treat a diversity of disorders including viral infections. In this study, we demonstrated that curcumin showed potent antiviral effect again EV71. In Vero cells infected with EV71, the addition of curcumin significantly suppressed the synthesis of viral RNA, the expression of viral protein, and the overall production of viral progeny. Similar with the previous reports, curcumin reduced the production of ROS induced by viral infection. However, the antioxidant property of curcumin did not contribute to its antiviral activity, since N-acetyl-l-cysteine, the potent antioxidant failed to suppress viral replication. This study also showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was activated by either viral infection or curcumin treatment, but the activated ERK did not interfere with the antiviral effect of curcumin, indicating ERK is not involved in the antiviral mechanism of curcumin. Unlike the previous reports that curcumin inhibited protein degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), we found that curcumin had no impact on UPS in control cells. However, curcumin did reduce the activity of proteasomes which was increased by viral infection. In addition, the accumulation of the short-lived proteins, p53 and p21, was increased by the treatment of curcumin in EV71-infected cells. We further probed the antiviral mechanism of curcumin by examining the expression of GBF1 and PI4KB, both of which are required for the formation of viral replication complex. We found that curcumin significantly reduced the level of both proteins. Moreover, the decreased expression of either GBF1 or PI4KB by the application of siRNAs was sufficient to suppress viral replication. We also demonstrated that curcumin showed anti-apoptotic activity at the early stage of viral infection. The results of this study provide solid evidence that curcumin has potent anti-EV71 activity. Whether or not the down-regulated GBF1 and PI4KB by curcumin contribute to its antiviral effect needs further studies.
Effect of Duration and Intermittency of Rifampin on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dick Menzies, Andrea Benedetti, Anita Paydar, Ian Martin, Sarah Royce, Madhukar Pai, Andrew Vernon, Christian Lienhardt, William Burman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Treatment regimens for active tuberculosis (TB) that are intermittent, or use rifampin during only the initial phase, offer practical advantages, but their efficacy has been questioned. We conducted a systematic review of treatment regimens for active TB, to assess the effect of duration and intermittency of rifampin use on TB treatment outcomes.
A Case of D.D.T. Poisoning in Man
Authors: V. B. Wigglesworth
Journal: BMJ (1945)

NMEDICAL JCURNALdiagnosis was strangulated omental hernia with abscess formation and early peritonitis.Oper-ation was immediately performed under local analgesia.Pus was found under the skin around and in the hiernial sac, which was gangrenous, though the omentum, the only contents of the sac, was viable.The pus within the sac was aspirated, but on displacing the omentum pus welled out from within the abdomen.The sac was excised and the viable peritoneum at the internal ring closed.The skin was loosely sutured, with drainage.tothe peritoneum.He was given morphine, atd an intra- venous drip was inserted, but death occurred some 27 hours later.Necropsy showed diffuse suppuration in-the left inguinal canal and acute diffuse peritonitis, starting from the region of the left internal abdominal ring.No cause for the lesions was found, as the gut and omentum were viable and the gangrenous sac had been excised at operation.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF URETERAL CALCULUS IN THE FEMALE.
Authors: EDGAR GARCEAU
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The treatment of ureteral calculus in the female differs essentially from that in the male, owing to anatomic considerations. In the male, the comparatively straight course of the ureter from the kidney down to the bladder, and its position on the pelvic wall, make access to it comparatively easy through an extraperitoneal incision. In the female, however, the broad ligament, placed, as it is, directly above the most dependent portion of the ureter, renders access to the deep pelvic portion of the ureter a matter of some difficulty. Stones in either sex, impacted at any portion of the ureter from the kidney to the superior strait, are easy to remove. Stones in the female, impacted at any point between the base of the broad ligament and the bladder, are accessible through the vagina in the majority of instances; but stones in the female lying between the superior strait and the
Prison Health Care
Authors: B. Jaye Anno
Journal: JAMA (1985)

By the time I completed Richard Smith's book<i>Prison Health Care</i>, published by the British Medical Association in 1984, I still had a number of questions that remained unanswered. For one thing, I was curious about the author, since there was no indication of his background or current affiliation. For another, I was still unsure about the book's purpose or its intended audience. <i>Prison Health Care</i>is a compilation of articles that appeared in the<i>British Medical Journal</i>. It describes the organization and provision of prison health services in England and Wales, and secondarily, in Scotland and Northern Ireland. For contrast, there are chapters that briefly describe the prison systems and their health care provision mechanisms in the Netherlands and in the US federal system. From the perspective of an American criminologist who has been involved for the past decade in improving health services for inmates, I was interested most
Abstract 3916: PML nuclear bodies are juxtaposed to DNA-DSBs following IR-induced DNA damage
Authors: Kenneth Chor Kin Tse, Shane M. Harding, Gaetano Zafarana, Kashif Ahmed, Graham Dellaire, David Bazett-Jones, Robert G. Bristow
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) tumor suppressor protein aggregates in discrete PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) that are detectable by immunofluorescent microscopy. PML-NB number can change in response to cell cycle and various cell stresses, including DNA damage. Intra-nuclear γH2AX foci form following ionizing radiation (IR) as a function of dose and time and are used as an indicator of DNA double strand breaks (DNA-DSBs). However, whether PML-NBs are associated with exogenous or endogenous (e.g. DNA replication associated) damage was unclear. Using G0-G1 synchronized human fibroblast (GM05757) to exclude endogenous DNA damage, we examined the intra-nuclear locales of γH2AX and other DNA repair biomarkers with respect to PML-NBs following IR. PML +/+ and -/- MEFs did not vary in DNA-DSB repair based on comet assay. Consistent with this, PML-NBs did not respond to immediate DNA damage. However, 3D-confocal microscopy studies showed that PML-NBs associated with the majority of residual γH2AX sites at later times (24h post-IR). Using quantitative microscopy, these associations were distinguishable as juxtaposition and not true co-localization (i.e., between γH2AX and DSB marker 53BP1). Continued presence of damage sensing and signaling proteins (MRE11, NBS1, MDC1 and 53BP1) and persistent kinase activity (DNA-PK, ATM, CHK2) was observed at these residual γH2AX sites. Absence of RAD51 and BRCA1 indicated that these were not replication-associated breaks and the exclusion of TRF2 suggested that these were not telomeric regions; rather PML-NBs associated specifically with unrepaired exogenous DSBs. Residual γH2AX sites were not enriched in eu- or heterochromatin. Interestingly, scanning electron imaging revealed a lower chromatin density near residual γH2AX foci, suggesting chromatin remodeling in the vicinity of unrepaired breaks. Live cell experiment using GFP-PML IV and mCherry-53BP1tudor domain suggested that PML-NB mobility facilitated the association with residual 53BP1 foci. Our data suggests that maintenance of genomic stability may depend, in part, on the association between PML-NBs and residual γH2AX foci. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3916. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3916
Incidence of Dyspnea and Assessment of Cardiac and Pulmonary Function in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease Receiving Ticagrelor, Clopidogrel, or Placebo in the ONSET/OFFSET Study
Authors: Robert F. Storey, Kevin P. Bliden, Shankar B. Patil, Arun Karunakaran, Rosemary Ecob, Kathleen Butler, Renli Teng, Cheryl Wei, Udaya S. Tantry, Paul A. Gurbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Future Translational Applications From the Contemporary Genomics Era
Authors: Caroline S. Fox, Jennifer L. Hall, Donna K. Arnett, Euan A. Ashley, Christian Delles, Mary B. Engler, Mason W. Freeman, Julie A. Johnson, David E. Lanfear, Stephen B. Liggett, Aldons J. Lusis, Joseph Loscalzo, Calum A. MacRae, Kiran Musunuru, L. Kristin Newby, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Stephen S. Rich, Andre Terzic
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The field of genetics and genomics has advanced considerably with the achievement of recent milestones encompassing the identification of many loci for cardiovascular disease and variable drug responses. Despite this achievement, a gap exists in the understanding and advancement to meaningful translation that directly affects disease prevention and clinical care. The purpose of this scientific statement is to address the gap between genetic discoveries and their practical application to cardiovascular clinical care. In brief, this scientific statement assesses the current timeline for effective translation of basic discoveries to clinical advances, highlighting past successes. Current discoveries in the area of genetics and genomics are covered next, followed by future expectations, tools, and competencies for achieving the goal of improving clinical care.
A Comparison of the Effects of Carvedilol and Nebivolol on Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Non-ischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Mustafa Karabacak, Abdullah Doğan, Fatih Kahraman, Ahmet Kenan Türkdoğan, Şenol Tayyar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Re: See W, Iversen P, Wirth M, McLeod D, Garside L, Morris T. Immediate treatment with bicalutamide 150 mg as adjuvant therapy significantly reduces the risk of PSA progression in early prostatic cancer. Eur Urol 2003;44:512–8
Authors: Andrea Tubaro, Cosimo De Nunzio
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Cyanide-Induced Parkinsonism and F-18 FDG PET/CT Findings
Authors: I Sarikaya, H Apaydin, U Topal, O Karaoglan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Parkinsonian syndrome developed in a young male following a suicide attempt with cyanide. MRI was reported as showing bilateral decreased signal on the T1 image and increased signal on the T2 image in both lentiform and caudate nuclei as well as a minimally increased signal on T1 image in the cerebellar white matter consistent with hypoxic–ischemic changes. F-18 FDG PET/CT scan of the brain demonstrated absent FDG accumulation in both putamens. There was also diminished FDG uptake in both caudate nuclei and the cerebellum. The CT scan demonstrated hypodense areas representing encephalomalacic changes both in the putamens as well as in the caudate nuclei. Similar areas were also present in the cerebellum.
Prescribing Hormone Replacement Therapy for Menopausal Symptoms
Authors: Sally E. McNagny
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

This paper addresses the clinical presentation of menopause, pretreatment assessment for hormone replacement therapy, benefits and risks of this treatment, common hormone replacement regimens and their side effects, and patient management. The case-based discussion focuses on the clinical management of a patient who is considering hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms.