tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Anticoagulation to Prevent Systemic Emboli
Authors: E.A. LOELIGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Oral Anticoagulation to Prevent Systemic EmboliE.A. LOELIGERE.A. LOELIGERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-570_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Weinreich and coworkers' (1) long-term follow-up with serial echocardiography of patients at risk for left ventricular mural thrombi after acute myocardial infarction is probably the first study to prove the important role of long-term oral anticoagulation in the prevention of systemic emboli.The authors state that a dose of warfarin was administered to maintain the prothrombin time between 1.5 to 2 times the control value, but no information is given about the modification of the prothrombin time test nor about the tissue type and brand of the thromboplastin used. If Quick's test was used together with one...References1. WEINREICHBURKEPAULETTO DJF. Left ventricular mural thrombi complicating acute myocardial infarction: long-term follow-up with serial echocardiography. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:789-94. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LOELIGERLEWIS ES. Progress in laboratory control of oral anticoagulants. Lancet. 1982;2:318-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. A double-blind trial to assess long-term oral anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients after myocardial infarction: report of the Sixty Plus Reinfarction Study research group. Lancet. 1980;2:989-94. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Risks of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients after myocardial infarction: Second report of the Sixty Plus Reinfarction Study research group. Lancet. 1982;1:64-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Academisch Ziekenhuis Leiden The Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 570-571KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionEchocardiographyProthrombin time Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cyclophosphamide-Induced Bladder Cancer
Authors: Michael C. Sneller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 January 1997Cyclophosphamide-Induced Bladder CancerMichael C. Sneller, MD, McClellan M. Walther, MD, and Cheryl Talar-Williams, MPH, PACMichael C. Sneller, MDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, McClellan M. Walther, MDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, and Cheryl Talar-Williams, MPH, PACNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Gossmann suggests that our finding of an association between nonglomerular hematuria and bladder cancer in patients receiving cyclophosphamide may be biased because we did cystoscopy only in patients with nonglomerular hematuria. Dr. Gossman does not accurately quote the literature when stating that 25% of cases of bladder cancer are not associated with hematuria. The reference actually states that as many as 25% of patients with bladder cancer may not have hematuria as their initial clinical manifestation [1]. Such patients have other signs and symptoms of tumor invasion that lead to diagnostic cystoscopy, and nearly all patients with ...REFERENCE1. Garnick MD, Brenner BM. Tumors of the urinary tract. In: Wilson JD, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Petersdorf RG, Martin JB, Fauci AS, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1991:1209-12. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael C. Sneller, MD; McClellan M. Walther, MD; Cheryl Talar-Williams, MPH, PACAffiliations: National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 1Page: 86KeywordsBladder cancerCyclophosphamideCystoscopySigns and symptomsUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
HIV Antibody Screening in a General Hospital Population
Authors: Jeffrey L. Lennox, Robert R. Redfield, Donald S. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Sir William Osler, in an 1897 address to the New York Academy of Medicine, said, "Know syphilis in all its manifestations and relations, and all other things clinical will be added unto you."<sup>1</sup>In 1987, clinicians are faced with another sexually transmitted disease with protean clinical manifestations, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The HIV epidemic is still in its early stages. Although progressive premature T-cell destruction is the critical pathogenic mechanism by which HIV induces disease,<sup>2</sup>the complete clinical spectrum of primary and secondary consequences of HIV infection remains to be elucidated. <h3>Study.—</h3> We performed a pilot study in an attempt to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infections among patients presenting for medical care at our institution. During a three-week period in August 1986, all serum specimens sent to the hospital laboratory for a chemical profile (liver function, electrolyte, serum urea nitrogen, glucose, and
Abstract 3593: Generation of a potent and selective inhibitor of ALK, CH5424802, showing superior oral bioavailability, PK profile and in vivo efficacy
Authors: Nobuhiro Oikawa, Kazutomo Kinoshita, Kohsuke Asoh, Noriyuki Furuichi, Toshiya Itoh, Hatsuo Kawada, Sosuke Hara, Takuho Miyagi, Jun Ohwada, Saori Taniguchi, Kazuo Hattori, Takuo Tsukuda, Kenji Takanashi, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Toshiyuki Tsukaguchi, Nobuya Ishii, Yuko Aoki, Nobuo Shimma
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase that is constitutively activated in some cancers, due to gene alterations such as chromosomal translocation, amplification, or point mutation. It has been recognized as an attractive solid tumor target since the discovery in 2007 of the fusion gene, comprised of portions of the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) gene and the ALK gene, which is detected in ca. 6.7% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We have identified a lead compound as an ALK inhibitor through kinase panel screening of in-house kinase-oriented library. The lead compound had a unique scaffold but showed a rather broad kinase inhibition profile. Therefore, we examined structure-activity relationship from the viewpoint of the kinase selectivity as well as ALK inhibition potency. Finally, we identified CH5424802 as a clinical candidate having high selectivity over other kinases including c-Met, c-Kit and KDR. CH5424802 has a preferable PK profile and good oral bioavailability in rats and monkeys. CH5424802 showed preferential antitumor activity against cancers with gene alterations of ALK, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells expressing EML4-ALK fusion both in vitro and in vivo. CH5424802 is currently being investigated in Phase I/II clinical trials for patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3593. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3593
Abstract 5266: Role of nuclear Met receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Judy Wai Ping Yam, Sze Keong Tey
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by c-Met proto-oncogene which triggers a wide range of normal physiological signaling cascades upon activation by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). However, aberrant Met expression and activity are commonly found in human cancers. Emerging evidence has shown the presence of nuclear Met (nMet) in some cancerous tissues and cell lines, suggesting that nMet could have unexplored functions in the nucleus. Met is an attractive therapeutic target for human cancers. Indeed, therapeutic antibodies and inhibitors that antagonize dysregulated Met are currently in clinical trials. However, the classic therapeutic strategies against the Met surface receptor will unequivocally exhibit limitations in acting against nMet. Despite the oncogenic role of Met in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the existence and functions of nMet in HCC has never been reported. In this study, we aim to evaluate the clinical relevance and characterize the functions of nMet in HCC. We studied nMet expression in 103 human HCC paired samples by immunohistochemistry. Our data showed that nMet was overexpressed in 89.3% of HCC tissues and its expression was progressively increased along HCC development. Nonetheless, nMet overexpression was significantly associated with venous invasion and poorer overall survival. We found that nMet, which has a lower molecular weight than Met, could only be detected using an antibody against the carboxyl terminus of Met (C28) in tumorous tissues. This finding suggests that nMet only comprises the carboxyl cytoplasmic region of full length Met. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that juxtamembrane deletion of Met accumulates in the nucleus whereas truncated tyrosine kinase domain accumulates in the cytoplasm, implying a region important for nuclear localization of the cytoplasmic fragment. Cellular fractionation also confirmed the existence of nMet in the nuclear fraction of HCC cells. To explore the functional role of nMet, expression vector was constructed to express the cytoplasmic protein of Met in cells. In vitro functional study showed that overexpression of nMet augments the invasiveness of HCC cells suggesting the unexplored functional effect of nMet exerted within nucleus in promoting HCC invasiveness. Furthermore, we showed that nMet activates NF-kappaB reporter activity which might enhance the pro-metastatic gene expression to promote tumor invasiveness and aggressiveness. Citation Format: Judy Wai Ping Yam, Sze Keong Tey. Role of nuclear Met receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5266. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5266
Health effects of obstructive sleep apnoea and the effectiveness of continuous positive airways pressure: a systematic review of the research evidence
Authors: J. Wright, R. Johns, I. Watt, A. Melville, T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <i>Additional data from this article are available on the www.bmj.com/</i> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the research evidence for the health consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea and the effectiveness of continuous positive airways pressure. <b>Design:</b> A systematic review of published research, studies being identified by searching Medline (1966-96), Embase (1974-96), and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) (1982-95); scanning citations; and consulting experts. Studies in all languages were considered which either investigated the association between obstructive sleep apnoea in adults and key health outcomes or evaluated the effectiveness of treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea with continuous positive airways pressure in adults. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Mortality, systematic hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, vehicle accidents, measures of daytime sleepiness, and quality of life. <b>Results:</b> 54 epidemiological studies examined the association between sleep apnoea and health related outcomes. Most were poorly designed and only weak or contradictory evidence was found of an association with cardiac arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease, cardiac failure, systemic or pulmonary hypertension, and stroke. Evidence of a link with sleepiness and road traffic accidents was stronger but inconclusive. Only one small randomised controlled trial evaluated continuous positive airways pressure. Five non-randomised controlled trials and 38 uncontrolled trials were identified. Small changes in objectively measured daytime sleepiness were consistently found, but improvements in morbidity, mortality, and quality of life indicators were not adequately assessed. <b>Conclusions:</b> The relevance of sleep apnoea to public health has been exaggerated. The effectiveness of continuous positive airways pressure in improving health outcomes has been poorly evaluated. There is enough evidence suggesting benefit in reducing daytime sleepiness in some patients to warrant large randomised placebo controlled trials of continuous positive airways pressure versus an effective weight reduction programme and other interventions. <h3>Key messages</h3> Obstructive sleep apnoea is claimed to be an important cause of premature death and disability There is increasing pressure to provide sleep services for the treatment of patients with sleep apnoea Epidemiological evidence suggests that sleep apnoea causes daytime sleepiness and possibly vehicle accidents Evidence for a causal association between sleep apnoea and other adverse health outcomes is weak There is a paucity of robust evidence for the clinical and cost effectiveness of continuous positive airways pressure in the treatment of most patients with sleep apnoea
Genetic toxicology of phthalate esters: mutagenic and other genotoxic effects.
Authors: G R Douglas, A P Hugenholtz, D H Blakey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The effects of DEHP on sperm morphology and on peripheral blood micronuclei were studied for 12 weeks following five subacute IP injections of DEHP at 1/6, 1/12, and 1/60 of the LD50 per day. Sperm morphology was examined in both adult mice and rats, while peripheral blood micronuclei were scored in mice up to 4 weeks after treatment. In mice, DEHP at 1/6 LD50 significantly depressed body weight gain for up to 12 weeks after treatment, and reduced epididymal sperm number by 4 weeks. Numbers of morphologically abnormal sperm did not differ from controls in the 12 weeks following treatment. In addition, DEHP did not increase the numbers of peripheral blood micronuclei. Studies in the rat indicated that exposure to doses of 1/6 and 1/12 of the LD50 per day of DEHP resulted in a reduced gain in body weight compared to controls. Testis weight, sperm number, and numbers of morphologically abnormal sperm were unaffected by DEHP following treatment. In separate experiments, DEHP did not induce sister chromatid exchange (SCE) or DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Although DEHP is known to cause testicular atrophy in rats and to a lesser extent in mice, it did not cause an increase in abnormal sperm in either species. Together with the CHO and micronucleus data, these findings suggest that DEHP has a low probability of causing genetic damage capable of being transmitted through the male germ line.
X-ray Treatment of Inoperable Carcinoma of Rectum without Colostomy
Authors: Ff. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1941)

MXEDICAL JOURNAL1poikilodernmia, and Darier-'s disease.These cataracta syn- dermatotica may show very variable pictulres sometimes they appear as anterior subcapsular marginal opacities, sometimes as a typical shield-like cataract, or as a uniform yellow star-like opacity in the posterior cortex."The exact classification of eczema is not definitely settled.Some include in the term ' allergic eczema " all the diseases already mentioned-neurodermatitis, poikilo- dermia, sclerodermia, Darier's disease, etc.; bLut others differentiate between a local lesion-e.g., prurigo Besnier, which commonily affects the flexures-and allergic eczema, typified as a generalized rash.If this difference be ad- mitted it will be found that very few cases of cataract have been described associated with generalized eczema. SummaryThe lenis is developed from surface ectoderm, and vet very rarely is involved in skin diseases.Cases have been reported of cataract associated with skin disease, usually neurodermatitis.Generalized allergic eczema is not the same as neLiro- dermatitis, and a case is reported of cataract-beginning at the age of 26-in a man subject to allergic eczema.Most cataracts reported have similar features and are situated beneath the anterior capsule.It has been suggested that cataract formation in these cases is due to endocrine dysfunction (probably parathyroid).There does not seem to be enouigh evidence to support this.It is suiggested that the cataract formation is influenced by the fact that both lens and skin have a common origin from surface ectoderm.The skin is sensitized to produce an eczematous rash and the lens capsule is affected in some way.This defect in the lens capsule disturbs its metabolism and allows opacities to form in the lens stubjacent to the capsule.
Nephrology: An Approach to the Patient With Renal Disease
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book represents an interesting experiment: Can one write a textbook of nephrology for internists? The effort to do this has led to a certain amount of omission and perhaps is also responsible for the lack of bibliographic citations in the text. In any event, a careful reading of several chapters has convinced me that the end result is a textbook for nephrologists. The chapters range the entire spectrum from excellent to poor, but the reviewer must pay tribute to the high points. The discussion of the pathogenesis of acute renal failure by Gross and colleagues is superb. They have taken all of the well-known experimental data that support one or another theory and combined them into a clearly stated hypothesis in which a drop in filtration rate, induced by cortical vasoconstriction, is the initiating event. One can easily imagine Dr Trueta smiling benignly from somewhere on high. The clinical
Platelet activation In mice and human Helicobacter pylori infection.
Authors: J I Elizalde, J Gómez, J Panés, M Lozano, M Casadevall, J Ramírez, P Pizcueta, F Marco, F D Rojas, D N Granger, J M Piqué
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Extracts of Helicobacter pylori (HP) have been shown to induce leukocyte adhesion in mesenteric venules, but the effects of HP infection on gastric microvessels are unknown. Inflammatory cell interactions in the gastric microcirculation were studied by intravital videomicroscopy in mice inoculated with either saline or fresh isolates of HP. Platelet aggregates were detected and quantified in murine portal blood, while endothelial P-selectin expression was determined using the dual radiolabeled mAb technique. Platelet activation and aggregation were studied in HP-infected patients and controls by measuring the platelet-aggregate ratio and platelet P-selectin expression. HP infection induced a marked increase in the flux of rolling leukocytes and the appearance of platelet and leukocyte- platelet aggregates in murine gastric venules. The HP-induced rolling and platelet aggregate formation was abrogated by mAbs against L- or P-, but not E- selectin. Endothelial cell expression of P-selectin was not altered, but platelet P-selectin expression was enhanced in HP-infected mice. Circulating platelet aggregates and activated platelets were also detected in HP-infected patients. These findings indicate that platelet activation and aggregation contribute to the microvascular dysfunction and inflammatory cell recruitment associated with HP infections.
A randomized trial comparing methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy with and without Er:YAG ablative fractional laser treatment in Asian patients with lower extremity Bowen disease: results from a 12-month follow-up
Authors: D.Y. Ko, K.H. Kim, K.H. Song
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) is an effective treatment for Bowen disease (BD) of the lower extremities. Er:YAG (erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet) ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment removes the stratum corneum to increase MAL uptake and may improve efficacy. However, no studies have directly compared the efficacy of MAL-PDT with and without Er:YAG AFL therapy in treating BD of the lower extremities in Asians.To compare the efficacy, recurrence rate, cosmetic outcomes and safety between Er:YAG AFL-assisted MAL-PDT (Er:YAG AFL-PDT) and standard MAL-PDT.Twenty-one patients with a total of 58 BD lesions randomly received either one session of Er:YAG AFL-PDT or two sessions of MAL-PDT in two symmetrical areas. Er:YAG AFL therapy was performed with 550-600 μm ablation depth, level 1 coagulation, 22% treatment density and a single pulse. MAL cream was then applied under occlusion for 3 h and illuminated with a red light-emitting diode lamp at 37 J cm(-2) . A second session of MAL-PDT was administered 7 days later. Overall response rate, recurrence rate, cosmetic outcomes and safety were assessed at 1 week, 3 and 12 months after treatment.After 3 months, Er:YAG AFL-PDT was significantly more effective (93.8%) than MAL-PDT (73.1%; P = 0.031), and the recurrence rate was significantly lower for Er:YAG AFL-PDT (6.7%) than MAL-PDT (31.6%) at 12 months (P = 0.022). No significant difference was found between Er:YAG AFL-PDT and MAL-PDT in terms of cosmetic outcomes or safety.Er:YAG AFL-PDT showed significantly higher efficacy and lower recurrence rate than did standard MAL-PDT for treating lower extremity BD in an Asian population.
Ectopic Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting With Hypercalcemic Crisis, Ectopic Uptake in Bone Scan and Obstruction of Superior Vena Cava
Authors: Zhaowei Meng, Dong Li, Yujie Zhang, Peng Zhang, Jian Tan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 28-year-old Chinese man diagnosed with hypercalcemic crisis was referred for Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid imaging, which revealed a massive sestamibi-avid lesion in right-site of upper mediastinum. Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated the lesion encroached and obstructed bilateral innominate veins and superior vena cava. Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan and SPECT displayed ectopic uptakes in the lungs and stomach. Preoperative suspicion of parathyroid carcinoma prompted an en bloc surgery, which was confirmed in histopathology. Our case showed that although ectopic parathyroid carcinoma causing hypercalcemic crisis, extraskeletal microcalcifications, and great vessel obstruction is rare, parathyroid imaging and bone scan can help solve these diagnostic challenges.
627 ROLE OF FDG PET IN PATIENTS WAITING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: T. Decaens, E. Itti, A. Laurent, A. Luciani, J. Tran Van Nhieu, M.-L. Auriault, E. Evangelista, M. Meignan, D. Azoulay, C. Duvoux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)