tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fluticasone propionate attenuates platelet-activating factor-induced gas exchange defects in mild asthma
Authors: A.A. Acuña, J. Gabrijelcic, E.M. Uribe, R. Rabinovich, J. Roca, J.A. Barberà, K.F. Chung, R. Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Inhaled glucocorticosteroids may reduce airway mucosal oedema in acute asthma. Inhaled platelet-activating factor (PAF) provokes pulmonary gas exchange disturbances, similar to those shown in severe asthma, which may be due to increased airway plasma leakage. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the effects of high doses of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) in 12 patients with mild asthma before and after PAF inhalation. Patients were studied before and 12 h after inhaling FP (6 mg) or placebo (P), and then at 5, 15 and 45 min after PAF challenge. Compared with vehicle, FP inhaled before PAF improved forced expiratory volume in one second and respiratory system resistance ( R rs ), increased peripheral blood neutrophils and reduced eosinophil counts. After PAF, FP enhanced transient neutropenia at 5 min and facilitated the recovery of oxygen tension in arterial blood (FP: 93±4 mmHg; P: 83±4 mmHg) at 45 min, without influencing the increases in R rs . In conclusion, the improvement of platelet-activated factor-induced oxygen tension in arterial blood disturbances after fluticasone proprionate suggests that inhaled glucocorticosteroids may possess vasoconstrictor properties in the pulmonary circulation.
Fas antigen stimulation induces marked apoptosis of T lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.
Authors: P D Katsikis, E S Wunderlich, C A Smith, L A Herzenberg, L A Herzenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) of T lymphocytes has been proposed as a mechanism which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Activation of Fas (CD95) can either result in costimulation of proliferation and cytokine production or in the induction of apoptosis of T lymphocytes. This raises the possibility that Fas is involved in the observed T cell apoptosis during HIV disease. In this report we show that peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals undergo apoptosis in vitro in response to antibody stimulation (cross-linking) of Fas at a much higher frequency than from uninfected controls. This anti-Fas-induced T cell apoptosis is markedly higher than spontaneous T cell apoptosis in HIV-infected individuals. Antibodies against other members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor receptor family such as CD27, CD30, CD40, 4-1BB, p55 TNF receptor, p75 TNF receptor, and TNF receptor-related protein did not result in any increase of T cell apoptosis above that spontaneously observed in HIV+ individuals. Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis was much higher in symptomatic HIV-infected individuals; and the magnitude of anti-Fas-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis correlated inversely with peripheral blood CD4+ T cell absolute counts. Surface expression of Fas on T cells was also found to be higher in HIV-infected individuals. Resting and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells both underwent apoptosis in response to anti-Fas antibody. L-Selectin positive memory CD4+ T cells were especially susceptible to anti-Fas-induced apoptosis. These findings show that CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected individuals are primed in vivo to undergo apoptosis in response to Fas stimulation, suggesting that Fas signaling may be responsible for the T lymphocyte functional defects and depletion observed in HIV disease.
Deliberate self-poisoning: a study in London casualty departments.
Authors: A H Ghodse
Journal: BMJ (1977)

During a prospective study of the whole spectrum of drug-related problems treated in one month by 62 casualty departments in the Greater London area, 949 cases of deliberate self-poisoning were identified. Nearly three-quarters of the patients were under the age of 40 years and in all age groups women outnumbered men. Psychoactive drugs of some sort were used in 673 incidents (71%) and ordinary analgesics and other drugs were used in 252 (27%). The incidence of polydrug overdose (423; 45%) was much higher than that found in other studies. In at least 256 incidents (27%) there was a history of repeated overdose in the previous 12 months. Comparison with other studies showed a steady decline in the use of barbiturates in deliberate self-poisoning but an increase in the use of non-barbiturate hypnotics, minor tranquilisers, and antidepressants.
Duodenal reflux during insulin-stimulated secretion
Authors: R. G. Faber, R. C. G. Russell, C. M. S. Royston, P. Whitfield, M. Hobsley
Journal: Gut (1974)

Insulin-stimulated secretion has been studied in 67 subjects with intact vagi. The relationship between the changes in the concentrations of hydrogen and sodium ions in individual 10-minute samples showed a highly significant negative correlation. In quantitative terms, this correlation could be explained by the mixing of isotonic gastric juice and duodenal reflux but not by back-diffusion. In 37 subjects duodenal juice was labelled with either bromsulphalein (BSP) or indocyanine green (ICG), both dyes being excreted only in the bile. In aspirated gastric juice there were highly significant positive correlations between the concentration of the dye and the concentration of duodenal reflux calculated from a formula based on the output of sodium ions. The volume of duodenal reflux occurring during insulin-stimulated secretion was estimated from the sodium output in normal controls, in preoperative patients with duodenal ulcer, and in patients following vagotomy with or without a drainage procedure. Reflux following gastrojejunostomy greatly exceeded that occurring in all other groups. Reflux following vagotomy with no drainage procedure was less than that in preoperative patients, and in patients in whom pyloroplasty or gastrojejunostomy had been performed.
THE PRESERVATION OF YELLOW FEVER VIRUS
Authors: W. A. Sawyer, W. D. M. Lloyd, S. F. Kitchen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. The virus of yellow fever may be preserved for at least 154 days in the blood or liver tissue of infected monkeys if the material is dried in a vacuum while in the frozen state and kept in the refrigator in sealed glass containers. A gradual diminution of virulence is noticeable in the older specimens. 2. If infectious blood is dried in a vacuum at room temperature, instead of in the frozen state, and is stored in sealed containers in the refrigerator, the virus may survive as long as 155 days. 3. The virus may be preserved for at least 30 days in liver kept continuously frozen. 4. Storage of blood or liver in 50 per cent glycerine in the refrigerator will usually keep the virus alive for 60 days and may do so for 100 days, but with the injection of the older material there is a marked tendency toward lengthening of the incubation period and increase in the number of recoveries. 5. Yellow fever virus in citrated or clotted blood, when kept in the refrigerator, dies out rapidly. 6. In our experience the most satisfactory method of preserving strains of yellow fever virus in the laboratory consists of freezing and drying blood taken from a monkey on the first day of an attack of experimental yellow fever and storing the dry material in sealed glass tubes in a cold place.
Gefitinib, cisplatin, and concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer: EGFR FISH, protein expression, and mutational status are not predictive biomarkers
Authors: E.-H. Tan, C. Goh, W.T. Lim, K.C. Soo, M.L. Khoo, T. Tan, D.S.W. Tan, M.K. Ang, Q.S. Ng, P.H. Tan, A. Lim, J. Hwang, Y.H.F. Teng, T.H. Lim, S.H. Tan, N. Baskaran, K.M. Hui
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Actions of parathyroid hormone in the vitamin D-deficient dog.
Authors: R L Ney, W Y Au, G Kelly, K I Radde, F C Bartter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

The effects of parathyroid hormone on bone and kidney have been well documented (1).It has not been settled, however, whether the hormone exerts similar actions in the rachitic animal.Rasmussen and associates have found that parathyroid hormone lowers the serum phosphorus in the vitamin D-depleted rat (2).Harrison and Harrison, however, observed that vitamin D-depleted rats did not respond to parathyroid hormone with either an increase in urinary phosphorus or a decrease in serum phosphorus (3).In both of these studies, the serum calcium of vitamin D-depleted rats failed to increase after an injection of para- thyroid extract at a dosage that elevated the se- rum calcium of control animals (2, 3).In con- trast, in recent studies by Toverud (4, 5), it was found that the serum calcium decreases after para- thyroidectomy in vitamin D-depleted rats; an in- crease in serum calcium was observed after the administration of parathyroid extract to the vita- min D-depleted, parathyroidectomized animals.Earlier investigations (6) had shown that para- thyroid extract could increase the serum calcium in the rachitic dog, although the effect was not as great as that in normal dogs and bore no con- sistent relationship to dosage.However, the rachitic dogs were not parathyroidectomized be- fore the administration of parathyroidextract.It was therefore possible that the animals were
Improved MDI inhaler technique observed in adult asthma patients with Web based education
Authors: Fiona Shetty, Rakesh Gupta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:

Inhaler is most common medication for asthma treatment. Large numbers of patients do not use inhalers well enough to benefit from the prescribed medications and 50% of the nurses, doctors and respiratory therapists are unable to adequately describe or perform critical steps of using inhalers correctly. Effective teaching strategies can improve patient education and substantially reduce problems with inhaler use.

Methods:

We conducted a study with 35 chronic asthma patients who have been using HFA metered dose inhalers for more than 6 months. Each patient demonstrated the technique with at least one critical mistake. 1) We had an Asthma Educator demonstrate the correct inhaler technique to group of 35 patients and assessment was done after one month. 2) An online inhaler training program was introduced to the same group of 35 patients and assessment was done after another one month.

Results:

On first visit after one month, all 35 patients demonstrated the technique with at least one critical mistake. On second visit after another one month of using the online inhaler training program, 24 patients out of 35 performed the inhaler technique correctly without any mistakes.

Conclusion:

This analysis identifies the need of more effective patient educational tools that help patients to practice the correct inhaler technique regularly at their own pace with reinforcement to get better treatment outcome.
VIDD during weaning: Comparison between pressure controlled and pressure support ventilation
Authors: Ulrike Olgemoeller, Wolfgang Koerber, Carl-Peter Criée
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: 

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving treatment in acute respiratory failure. Invasive controlled MV induces diaphragm muscle dysfunction (ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction, VIDD).

The existence of VIDD is scientifically proven in animal models and there is strong evidence for the occurrence of VIDD in humans (Jaber et al. AJRCCM 2011).

The purpose of this study was to assess diaphragmatic strength in patients during prolonged weaning being ventilated with different modes.

Methods: 

In 22 patients we measured the endotracheal pressure after bilateral anterior magnetic stimulation of the N. phrenicus (twPet) as an index of diaphragmatic strength. After a 24-hour-period of controlled ventilation we randomized the patients in a group with controlled ventilation (group 1) and a group undergoing ventilatory support in an assisted mode (group 2) during the next 5 days.

Results: 

TwPet at the time of admission was decreased in both groups (group 1: 0,33 kpa; group 2: 0,39 kpa) compared to normal values of Twitch mouth pressure in our laboratory (1,9 kPa). In group 2 twPet increased significantly from 0,39 kpa to 0,66 kpa (p=0,0195*) whereas it shows only a small, not significant (p=0,99) increase in group 1 from 0,33 kpa to 0,35 kpa.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions: 

In patients who were ventilated in the assisted mode the increasing twPet could indicate a quicker recovery of the diaphragma from VIDD.

 [1]: pending:yes
EVALUATING INFLUENCES ON CLASSIFICATIONS OF SEVERITY FOR INJURIES IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL
Authors: L Hammond, J Lilley, G Pope, W Ribbans
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background According to consensus definitions for football surveillance, injury severity is classified from ‘slight’ to ‘career ending’, based on number of days absence from participation. Objective To examine whether different definitions of return to participation (RTP), and playing in matches while injured, affect groupings of injury severity in professional football. Design Secondary analysis of prospective injury data. Setting English league football. Participants Male professional footballers contracted to a Championship, League 1 and League 2 football team (n=78). Interventions 1) RTP, defined as ‘return to full participation in training (RTT)’ and ‘return to match play (RTM)’ in 161 injuries. 2) Presence of pain or symptoms that directly preceded or followed time loss, in 45 episodes of playing while injured. Main outcome measurements Injury severity, measured by the number of days from date of injury to RTP, expressed according to consensus statement severity groupings. Results Median days absence from participation was significantly higher for RTM than RTT, although this did not affect average severity groupings (z=-8.824, P&lt;.001; RTM: mean 15.7±2.3 days [ moderate injury ], median 6 days [ mild injury ]; RTT: mean 10.9±2.2 days [ moderate injury ], median 4 days [ mild injury ]). Differences were observed in the distribution of injuries grouped according to their severity with the two definitions of RTP. Two thirds of cases where athletes played in matches while injured were reclassified into higher severity groupings when the time spent playing in matches while injured, either directly preceding or following a period of absence, was counted. Conclusions When measured in days, football injury severity is directly influenced by definitions of RTP, and may be affected by match scheduling. Pain or injury symptoms do not contribute towards current severity classifications, yet often precede or follow a period of absence. Therefore, expressions of injury severity in football should encompass more than just absence from participation.
IL-1β Receptor Antagonist Reduces Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Adriana M. Hung, Charles D. Ellis, Ayumi Shintani, Cindy Booker, T. Alp Ikizler
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Chronic inflammation is highly prevalent in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and associates with increased mortality. IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is elevated in MHD patients. A balance between IL-1β and its naturally occurring antagonist may determine the inflammatory response and its consequences in this population. We performed a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of the administration of recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on biomarkers of inflammation and nutrition in MHD patients with three consecutive high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) measurements >5 mg/L. We randomly assigned 22 patients to placebo or IL-1ra (1:1) for 4 weeks; 14 completed the trial. Patients in the IL-1ra arm had a 53% reduction in mean hsCRP compared with 1% in the placebo arm (P = 0.008), a 40% reduction in mean IL-6 levels compared with a 20% increase in the placebo arm (P = 0.03), and a 23% increase in mean prealbumin compared with 6% in the placebo arm (P = NS). In conclusion, the administration of IL-1ra in MHD patients can lower biomarkers of inflammation. Whether IL-1ra administration improves survival in this population requires additional long-term studies.
Evaluation of an 111In-Radiolabeled Peptide as a Targeting and Imaging Agent for ErbB-2 Receptor–Expressing Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Senthil R. Kumar, Thomas P. Quinn, Susan L. Deutscher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The cellular targeting and tumor imaging properties of a novel ErbB-2-avid peptide, discovered from bacteriophage display, were evaluated in human breast carcinoma cells and in breast carcinoma–xenografted mice. Experimental Design: The affinity of the ErbB-2 targeting peptide KCCYSL and its alanine substituted counterparts for the extracellular domain (ECD) of purified recombinant ErbB-2 (ErbB-2-ECD) was assessed by fluorescence titration. Binding of the KCCYSL peptide to breast and prostate carcinoma cells was analyzed by confocal microscopy. A DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL peptide conjugate was radiolabeled with 111In, and stability, target binding, and internalization were analyzed in vitro. In vivo biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging studies were done with the radiolabeled peptide in MDA-MB-435 human breast tumor–bearing severe combined immunodeficient mice. Results: KCCYSL peptide exhibited high affinity (295 ± 56 nmol/L) to ErbB-2-ECD. Substitution of alanine for lysine, tryptophan, and cysteine reduced the peptide affinity ∼ 1- to 2.4-fold, whereas replacing leucine completely abolished binding. Both biotin-KCCYSL and 111In-DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL were capable of binding ErbB-2–expressing human breast carcinoma cells in vitro. Approximately 11% of the total bound radioactivity was internalized in the carcinoma cells. Competitive binding studies indicated that the radiolabeled peptide exhibited an IC50 value of 42.5 ± 2.76 nmol/L for the breast carcinoma cells. 111In-DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL was stable in serum and exhibited rapid tumor uptake (2.12 ± 0.32 %ID/g) at 15 min postinjection and extended retention coupled with rapid whole body disappearance, as observed by biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging studies, respectively. Conclusions: The DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL peptide has the potential to be used as a tumor-imaging agent and a vehicle for specific delivery of radionuclide or cytotoxic agents for tumors overexpressing ErbB-2.
Skeletal effects and functional outcome with olpadronate in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: a 2-year randomised placebo-controlled study
Authors: Ralph Sakkers, Dieke Kok, Raoul Engelbert, Alice van Dongen, Maarten Jansen, Hans Pruijs, Ab Verbout, Dave Schweitzer, Cuno Uiterwaal
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
PRODUCTION OF TL ANTIBODY BY MICE IMMUNIZED WITH TL- CELL POPULATIONS
Authors: Katsutoshi Komuro, Edward A. Boyse, Lloyd J. Old
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

TL- mice make TL antibody when immunized with spleen or bone marrow cells from TL+ donors, despite the fact that these cells do not express TL antigen. This has been shown to depend on maturation of TL- precursors, contained in the inoculum, into TL+ cells under influence of the recipient's thymus; the differentiated TL+ cells then evoke production of TL antibody.
Hunt’s 11% pay rise offer to junior doctors fails to avert ballot on action
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2015)

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The revised offer1 from the UK government and NHS Employers of an 11% rise in basic pay to junior doctors as part of a new working contract has failed to prevent the BMA beginning a ballot of its junior doctor members on taking industrial action.

On 4 November England’s health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, issued a letter to all junior doctors in England outlining the offer attached to a new contract, which is due to begin in August next year.2

The letter give details of the government’s proposals for the contract, such as a basic 11% pay rise (even though in September the Department of Health said that its proposals would see the basic salary being “around 15% higher than it is now”), the maximum working week to be cut from 91 to 72 hours and a new maximum shift pattern, and a concession on working unsociable hours on Saturdays, which would mean normal hours …
Prostacyclin-IP signaling and prostaglandin E2-EP2/EP4 signaling both mediate joint inflammation in mouse collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Tetsuya Honda, Eri Segi-Nishida, Yoshiki Miyachi, Shuh Narumiya
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Prostaglandin (PG)I2 (prostacyclin [PGI]) and PGE2 are abundantly present in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Although the role of PGE2 in RA has been well studied, how much PGI2 contributes to RA is little known. To examine this issue, we backcrossed mice lacking the PGI receptor (IP) to the DBA/1J strain and subjected them to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). IP-deficient (IP−/−) mice exhibited significant reduction in arthritic scores compared with wild-type (WT) mice, despite anti-collagen antibody production and complement activation similar to WT mice. IP−/− mice also showed significant reduction in contents of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 in arthritic paws. Consistently, the addition of an IP agonist to cultured synovial fibroblasts significantly enhanced IL-6 production and induced expression of other arthritis-related genes. On the other hand, loss or inhibition of each PGE receptor subtype alone did not affect elicitation of inflammation in CIA. However, a partial but significant suppression of CIA was achieved by the combined inhibition of EP2 and EP4. Our results show significant roles of both PGI2-IP and PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling in the development of CIA, and suggest that inhibition of PGE2 synthesis alone may not be sufficient for suppression of RA symptoms.
THE OCCURRENCE OF "MORPHIA RASH" IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MORPHINE SALTS FROM OPIUM
Authors: S. ERNEST DORE, E. W. PROSSER THOMAS, G. COLMAN GREEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1944)

Journal Article THE OCCURRENCE OF “MORPHIA RASH” IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MORPHINE SALTS FROM OPIUM Get access S. ERNEST DORE, M.D., F.R.C.P., S. ERNEST DORE, M.D., F.R.C.P. English Factory Manager, Messrs. J. F. Macfarlan & Co Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. W. PROSSER THOMAS, M.D., E. W. PROSSER THOMAS, M.D. English Factory Manager, Messrs. J. F. Macfarlan & Co Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. COLMAN GREEN, B.Sc, F.R.I.C., A.M.I.Chem.E. G. COLMAN GREEN, B.Sc, F.R.I.C., A.M.I.Chem.E. English Factory Manager, Messrs. J. F. Macfarlan & Co Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 56, Issue 7-8, 1 July 1944, Pages 177–182, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1944.tb10854.x Published: 01 July 1944
Hierarchy disruption: Women and men
Authors: János M. Réthelyi, Mária S. Kopp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The application of evolutionary perspectives to analyzing sex differences in aggressive behavior and dominance hierarchies has been found useful in multiple areas. We draw attention to the parallel of gender differences in the worsening health status of restructuring societies. Drastic socio-economic changes are interpreted as examples of hierarchy disruption, having differential psychological and behavioral impact on women and men, and leading to different changes in health status.