tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell-mediated mechanisms in murine lupus.
Authors: A S Russell, C R Stiller, J B Dossetor
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

A prospective investigation into the course of rheumatoid arthritis is reported. 100patients presenting within one year of the onset of their disease were documented and re-examined after mean intervals of 3 and 11 years.By final follow-up, 83 patients still alive were reassessed, and of the seventeen deaths, five could be related to the disease or its treatment.Although, in the series as a whole, females were more common than males (64 to 36), of the 42 patients presenting within the first 3 months of the illness the sex ratio was nearly equal.88 patients had positive Waaler-Rose tests at some stage in the disease; of these eighteen converted to positive from negative during an exacerbation of the arthritis, whereas eight reverted to negative during remissions.After 11 years there was a significant deterioration in functional capacity, but significant improvement occurred in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, Waaler- Rose titre, and stage of the disease.The original Waaler-Rose titre correlated with the number of joints involved after 11 years and with the x-ray scores for large joints.There was no significant differences between men and women and family history, and the site and speed of onset of arthritis did not affect the final outcome.There was no correlation between maximum erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the first year of disease and the final functional capacity, nor between the haemoglobin when first seen and the final outcome.Although this group of patients was collected at a rheumatology clinic and does not reflect the disease in the population at large, it does show that in the majority, the activity of the disease will remit.The poorer functional capacity may reflect an ageing population, whose average age at the onset was 50-6 years.
Passage of Inhaled Particles Into the Blood Circulation in Humans
Authors: A. Nemmar, P.H.M. Hoet, B. Vanquickenborne, D. Dinsdale, M. Thomeer, M.F. Hoylaerts, H. Vanbilloen, L. Mortelmans, B. Nemery
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Pollution by particulates has been consistently associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well-elucidated. Methods and Results — To assess to what extent and how rapidly inhaled pollutant particles pass into the systemic circulation, we measured, in 5 healthy volunteers, the distribution of radioactivity after the inhalation of “Technegas,” an aerosol consisting mainly of ultrafine 99m Technetium-labeled carbon particles (&lt;100 nm). Radioactivity was detected in blood already at 1 minute, reached a maximum between 10 and 20 minutes, and remained at this level up to 60 minutes. Thin layer chromatography of blood showed that in addition to a species corresponding to oxidized 99m Tc, ie, pertechnetate, there was also a species corresponding to particle-bound 99m Tc. Gamma camera images showed substantial radioactivity over the liver and other areas of the body. Conclusions — We conclude that inhaled 99m Tc-labeled ultrafine carbon particles pass rapidly into the systemic circulation, and this process could account for the well-established, but poorly understood, extrapulmonary effects of air pollution.
Successful directional atherectomy of de Novo coronary lesions assessed with three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound and angiographic follow-up
Authors: C. von Birgelen, G.S. Mintz, E.A. de Vrey, P.J. de Feyter, T. Kimura, J.J. Popma, M. Nobuyoshi, P.W. Serruys, M.B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Sotalol versus quinidine for the maintenance of sinus rhythm after direct current conversion of atrial fibrillation.
Authors: S Juul-Möller, N Edvardsson, N Rehnqvist-Ahlberg
Journal: Circulation (1990)

This open, parallel-group study compares quinidine and sotalol treatment for maintenance of sinus rhythm after direct current conversion of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. The patients from 15 centers in Sweden were randomized to sotalol (98 patients) or quinidine (85 patients) after 2 hours of sinus rhythm after direct current conversion. According to primary efficacy assessment, 52% of the patients in the sotalol group and 48% of the patients in the quinidine group remained in sinus rhythm during the following 6-month treatment period (NS). Furthermore, 34% of the patients treated with sotalol and 22% of the patients treated with quinidine relapsed into atrial fibrillation (NS). Heart rate after relapsing into atrial fibrillation was higher in the patients treated with quinidine (109 beats/min) than in the patients treated with sotalol (78 beats/min, p less than 0.001). Patients treated with sotalol were found to be less symptomatic at the time of relapse compared with relapsing patients in the quinidine group. In terms of safety, more patients were withdrawn from quinidine than from sotalol treatment (26% vs. 11%, p less than 0.05), and sotalol was generally better tolerated than quinidine. Twenty-eight percent of the patients treated with sotalol and 50% of the patients treated with quinidine reported side effects (p less than 0.01). The difference was primarily a result of early (within the first month of treatment) gastrointestinal and skin side effects in the group of patients treated with quinidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PREGNANT RAT INJECTED WITH NEPHROTOXIC RABBIT ANTI-RAT PLACENTA SERUM AND DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE
Authors: Emily N. Loeb, Abbie I. Knowlton, Herbert C. Stoerk, Beatrice C. Seegal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

1. Pregnancy enhances the susceptibility of the rat to intercurrent renal damage produced by anti-placenta serum. This is manifested by the development of renal hypertrophy and nephritis in a number of these animals. Both renal hypertrophy and nephritis are consistently intensified by the concomitant administration of DCA. 2. Hypertension develops in both pregnant and non-pregnant rats treated with the anti-placenta serum employed together with the daily administration of DCA. 3. Termination of pregnancy, in the face of continued DCA administration, fails to lower the blood pressure or to arrest the nephritic process.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and gene expression analyses of non-KRAS 12/13, RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: V.K. Morris, F. A. San Lucas, M.J. Overman, C. Eng, M.P. Morelli, Z.-Q. Jiang, R. Luthra, F. Meric-Bernstam, D. Maru, P. Scheet, S. Kopetz, E. Vilar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The link between nocturnal desaturation, HR and overall heart rate variability in severe asthma patients
Authors: Yira Feshcheko, Liudmila Iashina, Irina Chumak, Svetlana Ishchuk, Liudmila Savelieva, Inna Zvol
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim of the investigation - to evaluate the correlation between the minimum SaO2 and average HR during the night and overall heart rate variability in patients with severe asthma.

Materials and methods: 60 severe BA patients (27 male and 33 female aged from 24 to 83 years), FEV1 - (56,4 ± 2,0)% were studied with the use of Holter ECG monitoring and measurement of SaO2 during the night.

The results of the investigation. SaO2 was measured during the whole night, and determined the minimum SaO2 per night - (84,1 ± 1,2)%, average HR per night was (66,7 ± 1,8)%, SDANN (standard deviation of the average duration of NN intervals during 5-minute intervals) - (120,7 ± 6,5) ms. In the course of correlation analysis the presence of statistically significant (p <0,05) inverse connection between HR during the night and min.SaO2 per night (r -3,371) and direct connection between SDANN and SaO2 (r 2,114) was revealed.

Conclusion: Decreased SaO2 increases HR and decreases SDANN, indicating a decrease in the total variability of heart rate in this group of patients, reducing the activity of parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system, which indirectly reflects the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, in particular the vitally unsafe arrhythmias.
Cytomegalovirus-Induced γδ T Cells Associate with Reduced Cancer Risk after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Lionel Couzi, Yann Levaillant, Abdellah Jamai, Vincent Pitard, Regis Lassalle, Karin Martin, Isabelle Garrigue, Omar Hawchar, François Siberchicot, Nicholas Moore, Jean-François Moreau, Julie Dechanet-Merville, Pierre Merville
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

An increase in the number of blood γδ T cells follows cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients. These cells react against CMV-infected cells and tumor epithelial cells in vitro. We hypothesized that these CMV-induced γδ T cells play a protective role against cancer in kidney transplant recipients. We performed a longitudinal case-control study involving 18 recipients who developed cancer between 2 and 6 yr after transplantation and 45 recipients who did not. The median percentage of γδ T cells among total lymphocytes in patients with malignancies was significantly lower compared with that in control patients at 6, 12, and 18 mo before the diagnosis of cancer. Patients with a γδ T cell percentage of more than 4% were protected from cancer. An increase of the Vδ2neg γδ T cell subset significantly associated with lower incidence of cancer only in recipients who experienced pre- or postgraft CMV infection. Finally, a retrospective follow-up of 131 recipients for 8 yr revealed that CMV-naive recipients had an approximately 5-fold higher risk of cancer compared with CMV-exposed patients. In summary, these results suggest a protective role of CMV exposure against cancer in kidney transplant recipients.
Incidence of fatigue symptoms and diagnoses presenting in UK primary care from 1990 to 2001
Authors: A. M Gallagher, J. M Thomas, W. T Hamilton, P. D White
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Little is known about whether the incidence of symptoms of fatigue presented in primary care, and the consequent diagnoses made, change over time. The UK General Practice Research Database was used to investigate the annual incidence of both fatigue symptoms and diagnoses recorded in UK primary care from 1990 to 2001. The overall incidence of all fatigue diagnoses decreased from 87 per 100000 patients in 1990 to 49 in 2001, a reduction of 44%, while postviral fatigue syndromes decreased from 81% of all fatigue diagnoses in 1990 to 60% in 2001. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) together increased from 9% to 26% of all fatigue diagnoses. The incidence of fibromyalgia increased from less than 1 per 100000 to 35 per 100000. In contrast, there was no consistent change in the incidence of all recorded symptoms of fatigue, with an average of 1503 per 100000, equivalent to 1.5% per year. CFS/ME and fibromyalgia were rarely diagnosed in children and were uncommon in the elderly. All symptoms and diagnoses were more common in females than in males. The overall incidence of fatigue diagnoses in general has fallen, but the incidence rates of the specific diagnoses of CFS/ME and fibromyalgia have risen, against a background of little change in symptom reporting. This is likely to reflect fashions in diagnostic labelling rather than true changes in incidence.
Is the Effectiveness of Colonoscopy "Good Enough" for Population-Based Screening?
Authors: N. N. Baxter, L. Rabeneck
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

neoplasia detection in patients with no previous colonoscopy in this study was quite similar to rates in the literature ( 10 , 11 ). The rate of advanced neoplasia detection in those with previous colonoscopy was higher than rates reported for patients with a history of negative colonoscopy ( 12 ) but was lower than rates reported for patients with a history of previously identifi ed advanced neoplasia ( 13 ), indicating a blend of higher- and lowerrisk individuals in this group. The association between previous colonoscopy and detection of advanced neoplasia at screening in the study, as measured by the adjusted prevalence ratio, indicates a substantial protective effect of colonoscopy (prevalence ratio = 0.52, 95% confi dence interval [CI] = 0.37 to 0.73). However, the association varied with site of neoplasia; previous colonoscopy was strongly associated with detection of left-sided advanced neoplasia (prevalence ratio = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.53) but not right-sided advanced neoplasia (prevalence ratio = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.76). Overall, the rate of right-sided advanced neoplasia was low (3% of those undergoing screening colonoscopy in both groups); however, as a proportion of all advanced neoplastic lesions, right-sided lesions were overrepresented in the group having previous colonoscopy (50% of advanced neoplastic lesions were right-sided) as compared with those with no previous colonoscopy (23% of advanced neoplastic lesions were right-sided). This study has clear limitations, and the estimates of association
Physiological and metabolic characteristics of elite tug of war athletes
Authors: G Warrington, C Ryan, F Murray, P Duffy, J P Kirwan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

To determine the aerobic power (VO(2)MAX), body composition, strength, muscular power, flexibility, and biochemical profile of an elite international squad of tug of war athletes.Sixteen male competitors (mean (SEM) age 34 (2) years) were evaluated in a laboratory. For comparative purposes, data were analysed relative to normative data for our centre and to a group of 20 rugby forwards from the Irish international squad.The tug of war participants were lighter (83.6 (3.0) v 104.4 (1.8) kg, p<0.0001) and had less lean body mass (69.4 (2.1) v 86.2 (1.2) kg) than the rugby players and had lower than normal body fat (16.7 (0.9)%); all values are mean (SEM). Aerobic power measured during a treadmill test was 55.8 (1.6) ml/kg/min for the tug of war participants compared with 51.1 (1.4) ml/kg/min for the rugby forwards (p<0.03). A composite measure of strength derived from (sum of dominant and non-dominant grip strength and back strength)/lean body mass yielded a strength/mass ratio that was 32% greater (p<0.0001) for the tug of war group than the rugby group. Dynamic leg power was lower for the tug of war group than the rugby forwards (4659.8 (151.6) v 6198.2 (105) W respectively; p<0.0001). Leg flexibility was 25.4 (2.0) cm for the tug of war group. Back flexibility was 28.6 (1.4) cm which was lower (p<0.02) than the rugby forwards 34.2 (1.5) cm. Whereas blood chemistry and haematology were normal, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte volume were lower in the tug of war group than in the rugby players (p<0.05). All three haematological measures correlated with muscle mass (packed cell volume, r(2) = 0.37, p<0.0001; haemoglobin concentration, r(2) = 0.13, p<0.05; erythrocyte volume, r(2) = 0.21, p<0.01).The data indicate that international level tug of war participants have excellent strength and above average endurance relative to body size, but have relatively low explosive leg power and back flexibility. The data provide reference standards for the sport and may be useful for monitoring and evaluating current and future participants.
Associations Between Cigarette Smoking, Lifestyle Factors, and Microsatellite Instability in Colon Tumors
Authors: M. L. Slattery
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been reported to occur in approximately 10%–15% of colon tumors. MSI is characterized by the presence of mutations in tandemly repeated DNA sequences known as microsatellites. Some individuals with unstable tumors have inherited mutations in mismatch repair genes, but MSI is also observed in sporadic colon cancer. It is unknown whether lifestyle factors associated with colon cancer, such as physical activity, body size, cigarette smoking, or use of aspirin and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, contribute to MSI in sporadic tumors. Methods: Data from a population-based, case–control study of colon cancer were used. Case subjects were between 30 and 79 years of age at the time of diagnosis and included both men and women. Questionnaire data were used to obtain information on lifestyle factors. Tumor MSI was determined with the use of a panel of 10 tetranucleotide repeats and two mononucleotide repeats. A total of 1510 case subjects had valid questionnaire data and tumor DNA from which we were able to obtain MSI status. Questionnaire data were compared with lifestyle factors reported by 2410 population-based control subjects. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: MSI-positive (MSI+) tumors were most common in older people and women and in the proximal colon. Patients with MSI+ tumors were more likely to smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day than case subjects with MSI-negative (MSI−) tumors (odds ratio for being a smoker = 1.6 [95% confidence interval = 1.0–2.5] for men and 2.2 [95% confidence interval = 1.4–3.5] for women). The association between MSI+ tumors and cigarette smoking was strongest among case subjects who started to smoke at a young age, smoked for 35 or more years, and were either current smokers or had stopped fewer than 15 years before diagnosis. A statistically significant linear trend of increased risk of MSI+ tumors was observed with increasing amount smoked (P<.01). Conclusions: This study suggests that smoking cigarettes statistically significantly contributes to MSI in colon tumors. We estimate that approximately 21% of MSI in colon tumors may be attributable to cigarette smoking.
Occupational asthma due to manual metal-arc welding of special stainless steels
Authors: T. Hannu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Occupational asthma (OA) can be induced by fumes of manual metal-arc welding on stainless steel. In recent years, the use of special stainless steels (SSS) with high chromium content has increased. This study presents two cases of OA caused by manual metal-arc welding on SSS. In both cases, the diagnosis of OA was based on respiratory symptoms, occupational exposure and positive findings in the specific challenge tests. In the first case, a 46-yr-old welder had experienced severe dyspnoea while welding SSS (SMO steel), but not in other situations. Challenge tests with both mild steel and stainless steel using a common electrode were negative. Welding SSS with a special electrode caused a delayed 37% drop in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>). In the second case, a 34-yr-old male had started to experience dyspnoea during the past few years, while welding especially SSS (Duplex steel). The workplace peak expiratory flow monitoring was suggestive of OA. Challenge tests with both mild steel and stainless steel using a common electrode did not cause bronchial obstruction. Welding SSS with a special electrode caused a delayed 31% drop in FEV<sub>1</sub>. In conclusion, exposure to manual metal-arc welding fumes of special stainless steel should be considered as a new cause of occupational asthma.
Data are still needed for HPV immunisation programme
Authors: O Noel Gill, Catherine M Lowndes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer Assessing HER2/neu status incurs more costs for treatmentEditor-The results of recent trials are likely to continue to fuel the demand for trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer, 1 as well as a possible neoadjuvant treatment in the near future.However, Dent and Clemons did not discuss the difficulty in obtaining accurate and reproducible assessment of HER2/neu gene overexpression.Immunohistochemical testing measures HER2/neu protein expression whereas in situ hybridisation measures gene amplification.Patients with equivocal immunohistochemical results require in situ hybridisation to determine definitive status because interobserver variability using immunohistochemical testing is appreciable.At least 20% of patients with positive immunohistochemical results will be truly negative for HER2/neu gene amplification; these patients would not benefit from trastuzumab. 2 These difficulties in assessing HER2/ neu status have been encountered in studies testing trastuzumab, and in situ hybridisation testing has been used as the gold standard. 3 As the clinical utility of trastuzumab widens guidelines on HER2/neu testing must be clear to ensure appropriate use of trastuzumab.Clearly this testing will incur additional costs to trastuzumab treatment.
Time course of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: a rabbit model of regional hypoxia.
Authors: N G Vejlstrup, M O'Neill, B Nagyova, K L Dorrington
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

There is disagreement in the literature about the time required for hypoxic constriction of pulmonary vessels to reach its full intensity. Some studies suggest that only minutes are required, others that several hours are needed. We examined the time course over 6 h of changes in pulmonary shunt (as a fraction of cardiac output) following induction of unilateral hypoxia by collapse or liquid filling of the left lung in 47 anesthetized rabbits. The time course was examined at four degrees of lung inflation: during collapse and at airway pressures of 0.3 kPa, 0.6 kPa, and 0.9 kPa. The respective volumes (mean +/- SD) of the liquid-filled lung were estimated to be 6.4 +/- 1.0, 12.8 +/- 2.5, and 15.8 +/- 1.6 ml/kg body weight (BW). During sustained hypoxia (the period from 150 to 360 min after inducing hypoxia), shunt declined at a slow linear rate of 2.37 x 10(-4)/min, which was independent of lung inflation (p = 0.65 analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and significantly different from zero (p < 0.001). The stability of cardiac output in this animal model, as measured sequentially by thermodilution, was confirmed in a further 20 animals. The experiments provide evidence for a slow intensification of blood-flow diversion at a rate that does not depend upon the degree of lung inflation. Whether this change is a feature of hypoxic constriction itself, or some modulation of it, remains unclear.
Liver disease in a district hospital remote from a transplant centre: a study of admissions and deaths.
Authors: M H Davies, M J Langman, E Elias, J M Neuberger
Journal: Gut (1992)

The profile of liver disease admissions and associated deaths in a district general hospital was studied to determine whether patients with end stage liver disease are appropriately referred for consideration of liver transplantation. Admission details were provided by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) and their accuracy was assessed by case note analysis. According to OPCS, 77 patients with liver disease were admitted on 113 occasions between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 1989. The case notes of 74 (96%) were retrieved and examined. Only 64 (86%) had primary liver disease. Twenty four (31%) died of liver failure. Alcohol was the aetiological agent in two thirds. According to accepted criteria, 11 patients were suitable for liver transplant assessment but only three had been referred to a transplant centre. Of the remaining eight, five died during the study period. Two of the three patients referred died without transplantation; one underwent transplant and survived. There is discrepancy between OPCS data and true disease aetiologies, with approximately 40% under reporting of alcoholic liver disease. If this population is representative of the situation nationally, substantial numbers of patients with end stage liver disease might benefit from liver transplantation, but are not referred to a centre.