tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glibenclamide attenuates peaked T wave in early phase of myocardial ischemia
Authors: T KONDO, I KUBOTA, H TACHIBANA, M YAMAKI, H TOMOIKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

ECG peaked T wave appears during the early phase of myocardial ischemia, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) in this ECG change.In 12 anesthetized, open-chest dogs, the sinus node was crushed and the right atrium was paced at a cycle length of 400 ms. The left anterior descending coronary artery was abruptly occluded for 60 s before (control) and 15 min after an intravenous infusion of vehicle (n = 6) or glibenclamide (1 mg/kg, n = 6), a blocker of KATP. Forty-eight epicardial electrograms were simultaneously recorded from the anterior surface of the left ventricle. The potentials at 40, 80 and 120 ms from the J point were measured, and these points corresponded to the early, middle and late phases of the T wave, respectively.During the control occlusion, T wave increased time-dependently and the maximal T-wave change was noted at the end of 60 s of coronary occlusion. The extents of T-wave elevation at the early, mid and late T phases were 5.5 +/- 0.5, 7.3 +/- 0.8 and 11.7 +/- 1.8 mV, respectively, and these T-wave elevations were significantly reduced by 33 +/- 21%, 59 +/- 12% and 63 +/- 13%, respectively, after the pretreatment with glibenclamide but not with its vehicle. The % reductions of mid and late T by glibenclamide were significantly larger than that of early T wave (P < 0.05).An abrupt coronary occlusion accompanied peaked T wave as an early ECG wave change. As the extent of this T-wave elevation was attenuated by glibenclamide, the ischemia-induced alteration of ventricular repolarization can partly (60%) be explained by the modification of KATP activation.
Treatment of Psychosis and Mania in the Postpartum Period
Authors: Veerle Bergink, Karin M. Burgerhout, Kathelijne M. Koorengevel, Astrid M. Kamperman, Witte J. Hoogendijk, Mijke P. Lambregtse-van den Berg, Steven A. Kushner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Postpartum psychosis is a severe disorder that warrants acute clinical intervention. Little is known, however, about what interventions are most effective. The authors present treatment response and remission outcomes at 9 months postpartum using a four-step algorithm in patients with first-onset psychosis or mania in the postpartum period. Treatment involved the structured sequential administration of benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, lithium, and ECT. The outcome of clinical remission was examined in 64 women consecutively admitted for postpartum psychosis. Remission was defined as the absence of psychotic, manic, and severe depressive symptoms for at least 1 week. Women who remitted on antipsychotic monotherapy were advised to continue this treatment as maintenance therapy, and women who required both antipsychotics and lithium to achieve remission were maintained on lithium monotherapy. Relapse was defined as the occurrence of any mood or psychotic episode fulfilling DSM-IV-TR criteria. Using this treatment algorithm, the authors observed that nearly all patients (98.4%) achieved complete remission within the first three steps. None of the patients required ECT. At 9 months postpartum, sustained remission was observed in 79.7%. Patients treated with lithium had a significantly lower rate of relapse compared with those treated with antipsychotic monotherapy. Multiparity and nonaffective psychosis were identified as risk factors for relapse. The authors conclude that a structured treatment algorithm with the sequential addition of benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and lithium may result in high rates of remission in patients with first-onset postpartum psychosis and that lithium maintenance may be most beneficial for relapse prevention.
Tackle technique training
Authors: S Hendricks, E Jordaan, M I Lambert
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The tackle event in rugby union places players at the highest risk of injury compared to any other facet of play. National programmes such as the RugbySmart (New Zealand) and BokSmart (South Africa) equip players, coaches and support staff with information to reduce the risk of injury by promoting safe technique. For the tackle, technical instructions are usually given as a set of points for pre, during and postcontact. The study aimed to determine: (1) which pre, during and postcontact points are emphasised during training to promote safe technique? (2) where do players receive their information on tackle technique? (3) at what playing level do players learn the most on tackle technique? and (4) do factors associated with technique and safety carry over into matches? A questionnaire was designed to assess attitude and behaviour on a five-point Likert scale. The study was conducted at the 2009 Cape Schools week rugby tournament. Questionnaires were handed out to 220 players at the tournament and 75% (n=164) completed questionnaires were returned for analysis. Player demographics: age 17±1 years; height 179±9 cm; body mass 84.5±13.0 kg; playing experience=8±3 years. As a tackler, players felt coaches place the most emphasis on body position and aiming for the waist before contact. During contact, leg drive and staying on feet was emphasised the most. After contact, following through and staying on your feet was emphasised the most by coaches. Televised rugby matches and programmes had more influence on players' tackling technique than rugby training videos or books. Most of their knowledge on tackle technique was obtained at under 19 level. During matches, bringing the opposition player down at all cost was more important than proper technique, staying on your feet and safety. Coaches seem to be emphasising good techniques during tackle training. However, the importance of these techniques is not carried over into matches.
Fibulins 3 and 5 Antagonize Tumor Angiogenesis <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Allan R. Albig, Jason R. Neil, William P. Schiemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Lethal tumor growth and progression cannot occur without angiogenesis, which facilitates cancer cell proliferation, survival, and dissemination. Fibulins (FBLN) 5 and 3 are widely expressed extracellular matrix proteins that regulate cell proliferation in a context-specific manner. Reduced FBLN-5 expression has been associated with cancer formation and progression in humans, whereas its constitutive expression antagonizes endothelial cell angiogenic sprouting in vitro. Thus, FBLN-5 may suppress tumorigenesis by preventing tumor angiogenesis. FBLN-3 is homologous to FBLN-5 and expressed in endothelial cells, yet its role in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis is unknown. We find FBLN-3 expression to be altered in some human tumors and that its constitutive expression in endothelial cells inhibited their proliferation, invasion, and angiogenic sprouting, as well as their response to vascular endothelial growth factor as measured by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. In endothelial cells, both FBLNs (a) reduced angiogenic sprouting stimulated by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); (b) inhibited matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity; and (c) stimulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression. More importantly, both FBLNs prevented angiogenesis and vessel infiltration into bFGF-supplemented Matrigel plugs implanted in genetically normal mice, as well as decreased the growth and blood vessel density in tumors produced by MCA102 fibrosarcoma cells implanted s.c. into syngeneic mice. Our findings establish FBLN-3 and FBLN-5 as novel angiostatic agents capable of reducing tumor angiogenesis and, consequently, tumor growth in vivo and suggest that these angiostatic activities may one day be exploited to combat tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer patients. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2621-9)
Berberine modulates AP-1 activity to suppress HPV transcription and downstream signaling to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Sutapa Mahata, Alok C Bharti, Shirish Shukla, Abhishek Tyagi, Syed A Husain, Bhudev C Das
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Abstract Background- Specific types of high risk Human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) particularly, HPV types 16 and 18 cause cervical cancer and while the two recently developed vaccines against these HPV types are prophylactic in nature, therapeutic options for treatment and management of already existing HPV infection are not available as yet. Because transcription factor, Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) plays a central role in HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis, we explored the possibility of its therapeutic targeting by berberine, a natural alkaloid derived from a medicinal plant species, Berberis which has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties with no known toxicity; however, the effect of berberine against HPV has not been elucidated. Results- We studied the effect of berberine on HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line, SiHa and HPV18-positive cervical cancer cell line, HeLa using electrophoretic mobility gel shift assays, western and northern blotting which showed that berberine could selectively inhibit constitutively activated AP-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and downregulates HPV oncogenes expression. Inhibition of AP-1 was also accompanied by changes in the composition of their DNA-binding complex. Berberine specifically downregulated expression of oncogenic c-Fos which was also absent in the AP-1 binding complex. Treatment with berberine resulted in repression of E6 and E7 levels and concomitant increase in p53 and Rb expression in both cell types. Berberine also suppressed expression of telomerase protein, hTERT, which translated into growth inhibition of cervical cancer cells. Interestingly, a higher concentration of berberine was found to reduce the cell viability through mitochondria-mediated pathway and induce apoptosis by activating caspase-3. Conclusion- These results indicate that berberine can effectively target both the host and viral factors responsible for development of cervical cancer through inhibition of AP-1 and blocking viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 expression. Inhibition of AP-1 activity by berberine may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the anti-HPV effect of berberine. We propose that berberine is a potentially promising compound for the treatment of cervical cancer infected with HPV.
Sleep problems are of higher priority for improvement for patients with ankylosing spondylitis than for patients with other inflammatory arthropathies
Authors: T. Heiberg, E. Lie, D. van der Heijde, T. K. Kvien
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

The most widely used domains for the assessment of therapeutic efficacy in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) include patient global, pain, function, fatigue and inflammatory activity.1 A recently proposed composite score includes back pain, patient global, peripheral pain/swelling, duration of morning stiffness, fatigue and acute phase reactants.2 The selection of patient-reported outcomes in trials and clinical care should be consistent with outcomes that are important to patients,3 because health professionals and patients may have diverging opinions.4

The aim of this post-hoc exploratory analysis was to examine priorities for improvement in dimensions of health across inflammatory rheumatic diseases, within the setting of the Norwegian disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (NOR–DMARD) register.5 The study was approved by the regional ethical committee …
Africa's Need
Authors: H. V. Corbett
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The effects of smoking on the localisation and clinical course of Crohn9s disease is evaluated in 231 patients. Heavy smokers (greater than 10 cigarettes/day) had an increased risk of operation at least once--odds ratios for heavy smokers compared with never smokers after five and 10 years were 1.14 and 1.24 respectively (p = 0.03 and p = 0.017). The risk of further operations was even higher and after 10 years the odds ratio was 1.79 (p = 0.015). The accumulated number of fistulae and/or abscesses was higher for smokers than for never smokers (p = 0.046). Patients with a high life time tobacco exposure (greater than 150 cigarette years) and heavy smokers (greater than 10 cigarettes/day) had small bowel disease more often than patients with lower life time exposure (less than or equal to 150 cigarette years) and patients smoking less than or equal to 10 cigarettes/day (p = 0.002 and p = 0.045 respectively). The course of Crohn9s disease analysed in different ways was unfavourable for smokers, especially heavy smokers. Patients with Crohn9s disease should be dissuaded from smoking.
Risk of Geographic Atrophy in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials
Authors: Juan E. Grunwald, Ebenezer Daniel, Jiayan Huang, Gui-shuang Ying, Maureen G. Maguire, Cynthia A. Toth, Glenn J. Jaffe, Stuart L. Fine, Barbara Blodi, Michael L. Klein, Alison A. Martin, Stephanie A. Hagstrom, Daniel F. Martin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
A Report on the Present State of Knowledge Respecting the Etiology and Prevention of Diphtheria: Presented on behalf of the English Committee to the Eighth International Congress of Hygiene and Demography at Buda-Pesth
Authors: E. Seaton
Journal: BMJ (1894)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Dialysis patients are extremely vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We recently reported the results of a prospective cohort study measuring serial monthly semi quantitative IgG antibody levels to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain in fully vaccinated in-center hemodialysis patients after receiving the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccination. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective cohort study measuring the serologic response of hemodialysis patients to a booster dose of BNT162b2 vaccine at an average of 2, 6 and 11 weeks post vaccination. <h3>Results</h3> Of 35 hemodialysis patients in the original cohort, 27 (77.1%) received a third dose of BNT162b2. Antibody level significantly increased from pre-booster to 2 weeks post-booster (median (25<sup>th</sup>, 75<sup>th</sup> percentile) from 59.94 (29.69, 177.8) to 6216 (3806, 11730)), an average increase of 112 fold. Antibody levels dropped to a median of 2654 BAU/mL (1650, 8340) 6 weeks post-booster and to a median of 1444 BAU/mL (1102, 2020) between weeks 6 and 11 post-booster. Antibody levels at 11 weeks remained an average of 40 fold higher than pre-booster levels. Overall, antibody levels declined 47% month to month post-booster. Nine (33%) patients had negative or borderline detectable antibody levels pre-booster and 8 of 9 developed positive (&gt;35.2 BAU/mL) antibody levels post-booster. Those with prior infection had a lower proportional increase in antibody level (51 fold) compared with the median change in COVID naïve patients (144 fold) from pre-booster to 2 weeks post-booster. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data demonstrates that hemodialysis patients obtain a robust humoral response from a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine although antibody levels wane over time.
Caloric Restriction Primes Mitochondria for Ischemic Stress by Deacetylating Specific Mitochondrial Proteins of the Electron Transport Chain
Authors: Ken Shinmura, Kayoko Tamaki, Motoaki Sano, Naomi Nakashima-Kamimura, Alexander M. Wolf, Taku Amo, Shigeo Ohta, Yoshinori Katsumata, Keiichi Fukuda, Kyoko Ishiwata, Makoto Suematsu, Takeshi Adachi
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Rationale: Caloric restriction (CR) confers cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the exact mechanism(s) underlying CR-induced cardioprotection remain(s) unknown. Recent evidence indicates that Sirtuins, NAD + -dependent deacetylases, regulate various favorable aspects of the CR response. Thus, we hypothesized that deacetylation of specific mitochondrial proteins during CR preserves mitochondrial function and attenuates production of reactive oxygen species during ischemia/reperfusion. Objective: The objectives of the present study were (1) to investigate the effect of CR on mitochondrial function and mitochondrial proteome and (2) to investigate what molecular mechanisms mediate CR-induced cardioprotection. Methods and Results: Male 26-week-old Fischer344 rats were randomly divided into ad libitum–fed and CR (40% reduction) groups for 6 months. No change was observed in basal mitochondrial function, but CR preserved postischemic mitochondrial respiration and attenuated postischemic mitochondrial H 2 O 2 production. CR decreased the level of acetylated mitochondrial proteins that were associated with enhanced Sirtuin activity in the mitochondrial fraction. We confirmed a significant decrease in the acetylated forms of NDUFS1 and cytochrome bc 1 complex Rieske subunit in the CR heart. Low-dose Resveratrol treatment mimicked the effect of CR on deacetylating them and attenuated reactive oxygen species production during anoxia/reoxygenation in cultured cardiomyocytes without changing the expression levels of manganese superoxide dismutase. Treatment with nicotinamide completely abrogated the effect of low-dose Resveratrol. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that CR primes mitochondria for stress resistance by deacetylating specific mitochondrial proteins of the electron transport chain. Targeted deacetylation of NDUFS1 and/or Rieske subunit might have potential as a novel therapeutic approach for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion.
A cancer therapeutic nanoparticle vaccine targeting HAAH improves 3-week survival from 12.5% to 100% in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Steven Fuller, Michael S Lebowitz, Solomon Stewart, Hossein A Ghanbari
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (HAAH) is over-expressed on the surface of cancer cells. It is an embryonic protein that is demonstrated to be responsible for cancer etiology: cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness. When normal cells are transfected to over-
Psychosocial Issues in Diabetes
Authors: William J Wishner, Raiann M Young
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

In the past few years, there has been an increasing awareness of the psychologic, social, and anthropologic determinants in human life as direct modifiers of human behavior in respect to chronic illness. These factors have been implicated both positively and negatively in modifying the treatment and outcome of diabetes as well as other chronic illnesses. The literature surrounding these issues unfortunately has escaped the eyes of the health care professional because, in part, of the fact that it has been published in areas of psychologic and social literature rather than in traditional medical journals. This series of reviews is designed to provide further awareness of these important issues as they affect the natural history of the disease.
Neutrophil chemotaxis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: R A Clark, H R Kimball, J L Decker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Microbial nitrification is a critical process governing nitrogen availability in aquatic systems and provides energy for aphotic carbon fixation. Nitrifiers are phylogenetically and physiologically diverse, but the factors controlling this diversity, and its biogeochemical implications, are poorly understood, particularly in freshwater systems. Here, we characterized the taxonomic, genomic, and metabolic diversity of free-living nitrifiers across Earth’s largest freshwater system, the Laurentian Great Lakes. Surprisingly, ammonia oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) related to <i>Nitrosospira</i> dominated over ammonia oxidizing Archaea (AOA) at most stations, even in oligotrophic lakes with extremely low substrate concentrations. Nitrite oxidizing Bacteria (NOB) <i>Ca</i>. Nitrotoga and <i>Nitrospira</i> each dominated a subset of stations, even switching within a lake. Among four ecotypes of <i>Nitrosospira</i> we identified, one encodes proteorhodopsin, which could enhance survival of this AOB in transparent, low nutrient lakes. Genome reconstructions for free-living AOA, AOB, and NOB indicate small genomes across all taxa and diverse adaptations to sunlight and oxidative stress. Our findings expand the known functional diversity of nitrifiers and provide the first integrated picture of freshwater nitrifier genomics and ecology. As lakes worldwide undergo rapid environmental change, understanding the relationship between microbial biodiversity and nitrogen cycling is essential for predicting future ecosystem health and services.
A PATIENT WHO CHANGED MY PRACTICE
Authors: C. M De Wind
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In 1989 I was in charge of a small, remote hospital on the Uganda and Zaire border. It belonged to the local Anglican church but apart from being a missionary I was also the government's district medical officer. We had running water, solar power electricity, and a basic laboratory—a typical rural African hospital. Histopathology services were available through the help of a London teaching hospital, where …
Cognitive and Emotional Neuroprostheses
Authors: Walid V. Soussou, Theodore W. Berger
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2008)

The preceding chapters describe BCI applications that restore motor or communication functions of the brain to patients paralyzed by spinal cord injuries or muscular dystrophies. These BCIs extract electrophysiological signals from healthy motor cortices and process them into control commands for computers, robotic machines, or communication devices. The brain can suffer damage directly, however, from genetic disorders or injuries from stroke or disease. Damage to the brain can lead to numerous cognitive impairments, such as memory loss, mood or personality alterations, and even behavioral changes that include motor or communication dysfunction. This chapter presents some of the developments of neuroprostheses that aim to address such cognitive or emotional dysfunction.
Platelet larceny: spurious hypoxaemia due to extreme thrombocytosis
Authors: A. Mehta, A. E. Lichtin, A. Vigg, J. G. Parambil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Rapid oxygen consumption by markedly increased numbers of hypermetabolic leukocytes in leukaemic patients resulting in the apparent diagnosis of hypoxaemia on arterial blood gas analyses is termed leukocyte larceny. In the present report, a case of polycythaemia vera, extreme thrombocytosis, normal leukocyte counts and arterial hypoxaemia in the absence of clinical, radiological or physiological evidence of lung disease is described. This pseudohypoxaemia case was established by pulse oximetry, as well as by incubation of a blood specimen with potassium cyanide, and became less significant after the use of cytoreductive agents showed a proportionate increase in arterial oxygen tension as platelet counts decreased on serial arterial blood gas analyses. The present case report demonstrates spurious hypoxaemia due to extreme thrombocytosis and shows that, beside significant leukocytosis, even markedly elevated platelet counts can cause larceny of arterial blood oxygen.