tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of colorectal cancer in men on long-term androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Silke Gillessen, Arnoud Templeton, Giancarlo Marra, Yong-Fang Kuo, Emanuele Valtorta, Vahakn B. Shahinian
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Androgen deprivation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or orchiectomy is a common but controversial treatment for prostate cancer. Uncertainties remain about its use, particularly with increasing recognition of serious side effects. In animal studies, androgens protect against colonic carcinogenesis, suggesting that androgen deprivation may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.We identified 107 859 men in the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database who were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1993 through 2002, with follow-up available through 2004. The primary outcome was development of colorectal cancer, determined from SEER files on second primary cancers. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the influence of androgen deprivation on the outcome, adjusted for patient and prostate cancer characteristics. All statistical tests were two-sided.Men who had orchiectomies had the highest unadjusted incidence rate of colorectal cancer (6.3 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3 to 7.5), followed by men who had GnRH agonist therapy (4.4 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI = 4.0 to 4.9), and men who had no androgen deprivation (3.7 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI = 3.5 to 3.9). After adjustment for patient and prostate cancer characteristics, there was a statistically significant dose-response effect (P(trend) = .010) with an increasing risk of colorectal cancer associated with increasing duration of androgen deprivation. Compared with the absence of these treatments, there was an increased risk of colorectal cancer associated with use of GnRH agonist therapy for 25 months or longer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.53) or with orchiectomy (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.66).Long-term androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Who Should Have Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation?
Authors: Susan Orel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

During the last two decades, tremendous advances have been made in the performance and interpretation of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Technical requirements for optimal breast imaging including the requirement for a breast MRI biopsy system are now being defined as part of a voluntary American College of Radiology (ACR) breast MRI accreditation program. The ACR BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) lexicon for breast MRI has brought uniformity to the interpretation of breast MRI examinations. With these advances in imaging technique, interpretation guidelines, and increasing availability of MR-compatible breast biopsy systems, MRI of the breast is rapidly gaining popularity in clinical practice in both the diagnostic setting and, more recently, in the screening setting. The clinical indications for breast MRI, however, remain to be defined. There are clinical indications that have emerged where MRI, as an adjunct to mammography, seems to be the imaging study of choice. There are other indications, specifically breast cancer staging, in which MRI is being utilized with increasing frequency, but in which controversy persists.
KUVA (khellin plus ultraviolet A) stimulates proliferation and melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes and melanoma cells in vitro
Authors: G. Carlie, N.B.A. Ntusi, P.A. Hulley, S.H. Kidson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Khellin is a naturally occurring furochromone which, when combined with artificial ultraviolet (UV) A or solar irradiation (KUVA), is reported to repigment vitiligo skin as effectively as PUVA photochemotherapy. The exact mechanism of KUVA-induced repigmentation is unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the effect of khellin and KUVA on proliferation and melanogenesis of normal human melanocytes and Mel-1 melanoma cells in vitro. Methods Cultured normal human melanocytes, Mel-1 melanoma cells and fibroblasts were treated with khellin, UVA and KUVA and the effect on proliferation determined by cell counting. The effect on melanogenesis was determined by a radiometric melanin formation assay. Changes in gene expression and protein synthesis were determined by Northern blot, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and Western blot analyses. Results Khellin stimulated proliferation of Mel-1 melanoma cells and melanocytes at concentrations between 1 nmol L−1 and 0·5 mmol L−1 with a peak effect at 0·01 mmol L−1 khellin. In contrast, khellin inhibited proliferation of fibroblasts over the entire concentration range tested. At concentrations above 0·5 mmol L−1, khellin was cytotoxic to both melanocytic cells and fibroblasts. Exposure of khellin-treated cells to single doses of UVA between 150 and 280 mJ cm−2 resulted in an enhanced proliferative effect. Khellin and KUVA also stimulated the melanogenic enzyme activity of pigmented cells, with the most effective treatment being 0·01 mmol L−1 khellin with 250 mJ cm−2 UVA. Western blot, Northern blot and RT–PCR analysis revealed that these increases in melanogenic enzyme activity were not due to increases in gene expression or protein synthesis. UVA treatment resulted in an increase in enzyme glycosylation and this correlated with the increase in melanogenesis. Conclusions We conclude that khellin activated by UVA stimulates melanocyte proliferation and melanogenesis. Our results point to the possibility that current treatment regimens might be improved if reduced khellin doses are applied and suggest that improved delivery vehicles be tested.
Mutations in the autoinflammatory cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome gene: epidemiological study and lessons from eight years of genetic analysis in France
Authors: L Cuisset, I Jeru, B Dumont, A Fabre, E Cochet, J Le Bozec, M Delpech, S Amselem, I Touitou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) consist of a continuum of autoinflammatory diseases caused by a defect in interleukin 1β regulation. Although symptoms may vary widely, the discovery, in 2001, of the gene involved ( NLRP3 ) has dramatically helped diagnosis. Objectives To define the spectrum and prevalence of NLRP3 mutations in France and to delineate initial criteria before molecular analysis. Methods Retrospective review (2001–9) of genetic analysis data and request forms of patients living in France with an NLRP3 mutation since the set up of CAPS molecular diagnosis by the three French laboratories providing this test (GenMAI network). Results Over 800 analyses of this gene have been conducted, identifying 135 cases with an NLRP3 mutation (55 probands; 33 multiplex families); the estimated prevalence in France was equal to 1/360 000. A total of 21 different sequence variants were detected, among which four are common and nine are new mutations. Conclusions Although the number of NLRP3 test requests has doubled over the past 5 years, genetic screening has not contributed to enhanced detection of new index cases each year. There are two possible reasons for this: (i) no clinical prerequisite for genetic diagnosis and (ii) few new large families are now identified (unlike the initial study based on a selection by linkage). A set of initial clinical criteria have been drawn up which it is recommended should be fulfilled before a patient is tested: at least three recurrent bouts, age at disease onset &lt; 20 years and elevated levels of C-reactive protein, especially in individuals with urticaria and moderate fever.
Relaxation therapy and continuous ambulatory blood pressure in mild hypertension: a controlled study.
Authors: G A van Montfrans, J M Karemaker, W Wieling, A J Dunning
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the long term effects of relaxation therapy on 24 hour ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure in patients with mild untreated and uncomplicated hypertension. DESIGN--Four week screening period followed by randomisation to receive either relaxation therapy or non-specific counselling for one year. Ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure was measured before and after treatment. SETTING--Outpatient clinic in Amsterdam9s university hospital. SUBJECTS--35 Subjects aged 20-60 who were being treated by general practitioners for hypertension but were referred to take part in the study. At three consecutive screening visits all subjects had a diastolic blood pressure without treatment of 95-110 mm Hg. Subjects were excluded if they had damaged target organs, secondary hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a cholesterol concentration greater than 8 mmol/l, or a history of malignant hypertension. INTERVENTIONS--The group allocated to relaxation therapy was trained for eight weeks (one hour a week) in muscle relaxation, yoga exercises, and stress management and continued exercising twice daily for one year with monthly visits to the clinic. The control group had the same attendance schedule but had no training and were requested just to sit and relax twice a day. All subjects were asked not to change their diet or physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Changes in ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure after one year of relaxation therapy or non-specific counselling. RESULTS--Mean urinary sodium excretion, serum concentration of cholesterol, and body weight did not change in either group. Diastolic pressures measured by sphygmomanometry were 2 and 3 mm Hg lower in subjects in the relaxation group and control group respectively at the one year follow up compared with initial readings. The mean diastolic ambulatory intra-arterial pressure during the daytime had not changed after one year in either group, but small treatment effects could not be excluded: the mean change for the relaxation group was -1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -6 to 3.9 mm Hg) and for the control group -0.4 mm Hg (-5.3 to 4.6 mm Hg). Mean ambulatory pressure in the evening also had not changed over the year, and in both groups nighttime pressure was 5 mm Hg higher. The variability in blood pressure was the same at both measurements. CONCLUSIONS--Relaxation therapy was an ineffective method of lowering 24 hour blood pressure, being no more beneficial than non-specific advice, support, and reassurance--themselves ineffective as a treatment for hypertension.
Negative Attributional Style in Seasonal and Nonseasonal Depression
Authors: Robert D. Levitan, Neil A. Rector, R. Michael Bagby
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: There is a substantial relationship between dysfunctional cognitions and the clinical course of major depression. This study examined whether this association extends to patients with seasonal affective disorder. METHOD: A revised version of the Attributional Style Questionnaire was used to assess negative attributional style and predict response to treatment in a group of depressed outpatients, 26 with seasonal depression and 30 with nonseasonal, unipolar major depression. RESULTS: Pretreatment scores on negative attributional style did not differ between the patients with seasonal affective disorder and those with nonseasonal depression. Negative attributional style predicted poor response to pharmocotherapy in the nonseasonal depression group but did not predict response to light therapy in the group with seasonal affective disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Dysfunctional cognitions may play a lesser role in seasonal affective disorder than in nonseasonal depression.
Expectancy bias as sole or partial account of selective associations?
Authors: Susan Mineka, Michael Cook
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Davey reviews evidence purporting to distinguish between two accounts of selective associations – expectancy bias and evolved predispositions, although these hypotheses largely apply to different levels of causal analysis. Criticisms of primate studies in which subjects lack prior exposure to stimuli seem uncompelling. Expectancies may sometimes serve as proximal mediators in selective associations, but other factors, both proximate and ultimate, are clearly also involved.
The fibroproliferative response in acute respiratory distress syndrome: mechanisms and clinical significance
Authors: Ellen L. Burnham, William J. Janssen, David W.H. Riches, Marc Moss, Gregory P. Downey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) continues to be a major healthcare problem, affecting &gt;190 000 people in the USA annually, with a mortality of 27–45%, depending on the severity of the illness and comorbidities. Despite advances in clinical care, particularly lung protective strategies of mechanical ventilation, most survivors experience impaired health-related quality of life for years after the acute illness. While most patients survive the acute illness, a subset of ARDS survivors develops a fibroproliferative response characterised by fibroblast accumulation and deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix components in the lung. Historically, the development of severe fibroproliferative lung disease has been associated with a poor prognosis with high mortality and/or prolonged ventilator dependence. More recent studies also support a relationship between the magnitude of the fibroproliferative response and long-term health-related quality of life. The factors that determine which patients develop fibroproliferative ARDS and the cellular mechanisms responsible for this pathological response are not well understood. This article reviews our current understanding of the contribution of pulmonary dysfunction to mortality and to quality of life in survivors of ARDS, the mechanisms driving pathological fibroproliferation and potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or attenuate fibroproliferative lung disease.
Reporting Methods of Blinding in Randomized Trials Assessing Nonpharmacological Treatments
Authors: Isabelle Boutron, Lydia Guittet, Candice Estellat, David Moher, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Philippe Ravaud
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Blinding is a cornerstone of treatment evaluation. Blinding is more difficult to obtain in trials assessing nonpharmacological treatment and frequently relies on “creative” (nonstandard) methods. The purpose of this study was to systematically describe the strategies used to obtain blinding in a sample of randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological treatment. Methods and Findings We systematically searched in Medline and the Cochrane Methodology Register for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing nonpharmacological treatment with blinding, published during 2004 in high-impact-factor journals. Data were extracted using a standardized extraction form. We identified 145 articles, with the method of blinding described in 123 of the reports. Methods of blinding of participants and/or health care providers and/or other caregivers concerned mainly use of sham procedures such as simulation of surgical procedures, similar attention-control interventions, or a placebo with a different mode of administration for rehabilitation or psychotherapy. Trials assessing devices reported various placebo interventions such as use of sham prosthesis, identical apparatus (e.g., identical but inactivated machine or use of activated machine with a barrier to block the treatment), or simulation of using a device. Blinding participants to the study hypothesis was also an important method of blinding. The methods reported for blinding outcome assessors relied mainly on centralized assessment of paraclinical examinations, clinical examinations (i.e., use of video, audiotape, photography), or adjudications of clinical events. Conclusions This study classifies blinding methods and provides a detailed description of methods that could overcome some barriers of blinding in clinical trials assessing nonpharmacological treatment, and provides information for readers assessing the quality of results of such trials.
Results of a phase II pilot study of moderate dose radiotherapy for inoperable desmoid-type fibromatosis—an EORTC STBSG and ROG study (EORTC 62991–22998)
Authors: R.B. Keus, R.A. Nout, J.-Y. Blay, J.M. de Jong, I. Hennig, F. Saran, J.T. Hartmann, M.P. Sunyach, S.J. Gwyther, M. Ouali, A. Kirkpatrick, P.M. Poortmans, P.C.W. Hogendoorn, W.T.A. van der Graaf
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
A case report of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) associated with adalimumab
Authors: Manoj Ray, Jeffrey R Curtis, John W Baddley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by polyomavirus JC. It results from lytic infection of glial cells and is often fatal.1 ,2 A common risk factor for PML is immunosuppression due to HIV infection or malignancy (or its treatment). PML has also been reported in those using immunomodulation therapies.3 A previous study estimated incidence of PML at 0.2/100 000 among patients with autoimmune diseases who did not have HIV or malignancy. Based on the single case of PML exposed to a biological agent, another study reported the incidence rate (IR) of PML was 2.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 71) per 100 000 person-years in patients who were exposed to biological agents and 0.8 (95% CI 0.2 to 2.5) per 100 000 person-years in those not exposed to biological agents.4

Cases of PML associated …
Dietary Fat Reduction and Plasma Estradiol Concentration in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Authors: R. Prentice, D. Thompson, C. Clifford, S. Gorbach, B. Goldwin, D. Byar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Dietary Fat Reduction and Plasma Estradiol Concentration in Healthy Postmenopausal Women Get access Ross Prentice, Ross Prentice * Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA. * Correspondence to: Ross Prentice, PH.D., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, 1124 Colombia St., Seattle, WA 98104. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donovan Thompson, Donovan Thompson Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carolyn Clifford, Carolyn Clifford Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer InstituteBethesda. MD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sherwood Gorbach, Sherwood Gorbach Community Health/Nutrition Unit, Tults University School of MedicineBoston, MA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barry Goldwin, Barry Goldwin Community Health/Nutrition Unit, Tults University School of MedicineBoston, MA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Byar David Byar Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer InstituteBethesda. MD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 2, 17 January 1990, Pages 129–134, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.2.129 Published: 17 January 1990 Article history Received: 03 July 1989 Accepted: 22 August 1989 Published: 17 January 1990
1117 TELAPREVIR FRENCH COHORT AUTHORIZATION FOR TEMPORARY USE IN GENOTYPE 1 HEPATITIS C CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH PRIOR PARTIAL RESPONSE OR RELAPSE
Authors: B. Hadacek, A.-C. Danton, N. Barbé, F. Masson, D. Quélard, D. Naessens, G. Picchio, J. Witek, I. Lonjon-Domanec, A. Miara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Use of ultramolecular potencies of allergen to treat asthmatic people allergic to house dust mite: double blind randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: G T Lewith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathic immunotherapy on lung function and respiratory symptoms in asthmatic people allergic to house dust mite. <b>Design:</b> Double blind randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> 38 general practices in Hampshire and Dorset. <b>Participants:</b> 242 people with asthma and positive results to skin prick test for house dust mite; 202 completed clinic based assessments, and 186 completed diary based assessments. <b>Intervention:</b> After a four week baseline assessment, participants were randomised to receive oral homoeopathic immunotherapy or placebo and then assessed over 16 weeks with three clinic visits and diary assessments every other week. <b>Outcome measure:</b> Clinic based assessments: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>), quality of life, and mood. Diary based assessments: morning and evening peak expiratory flow, visual analogue scale of severity of asthma, quality of life, and daily mood. <b>Results:</b> There was no difference in most outcomes between placebo and homoeopathic immunotherapy. There was a different pattern of change over the trial for three of the diary assessments: morning peak expiratory flow (P=0.025), visual analogue scale (P=0.017), and mood (P=0.035). At week three there was significant deterioration for visual analogue scale (P=0.047) and mood (P=0.013) in the homoeopathic immunotherapy group compared with the placebo group. Any improvement in participants9 asthma was independent of belief in complementary medicine. <b>Conclusion:</b> Homoeopathic immunotherapy is not effective in the treatment of patients with asthma. The different patterns of change between homoeopathic immunotherapy and placebo over the course of the study are unexplained.
Is There a Role for Pelvic Irradiation in Localized Prostate Adenocarcinoma? Preliminary Results of GETUG-01
Authors: Pascal Pommier, Sylvie Chabaud, Jean Leon Lagrange, Pierre Richaud, François Lesaunier, Elisabeth Le Prise, Jean Philippe Wagner, Meng Huor Hay, Veronique Beckendorf, Jean Philippe Suchaud, Pierre Marie Pabot du Chatelard, Valerie Bernier, Nicolas Voirin, David Perol, Christian Carrie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose To assess the benefit and toxicity and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes of pelvic nodes irradiation in nonmetastatic prostate carcinoma patients. Patients and Methods Between December 1998 and June 2004, 444 patients with T1b-T3, N0 pNx, M0 prostate carcinoma were randomly assigned to either pelvic and prostate radiotherapy or prostate radiotherapy only. Patients were stratified according to the prognostic factor of lymph node involvement (LNI). Short-term 6-month neoadjuvant and concomitant hormonal therapy was allowed only for patients in the high-risk group. The pelvic dose was 46 Gy. The total dose recommended to the prostate was changed during the course of the study from 66 Gy to 70 Gy. Criteria for progression-free survival (PFS) included biologic prostate-specific antigen recurrences or a local or metastatic evolution. Acute and late toxicities were recorded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and Late Effects in Normal Tissues Subjective, Objective, Management, and Analytic scales, respectively. The QOL outcome was recorded with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, the International Prostatic Symptom Score, and the Sexual Function Index scales. Results With a 42.1-month median follow-up time, the 5-year PFS and overall survival were similar in the two treatment arms for the whole series and for each stratified group. On multivariate analysis, low LNI risk and hormonal therapy were statistically associated with increased PFS. However, subgroup analyses based on these factors did not show any benefit for pelvic irradiation. There were no significant differences in acute and late digestive toxicities and in QOL outcomes. Conclusion Pelvic node irradiation was well tolerated but did not improve PFS.