tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Death and Fire&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Synergistic T cell activation via the physiological ligands for CD2 and the T cell receptor.
Authors: B E Bierer, A Peterson, J C Gorga, S H Herrmann, S J Burakoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

T cells may be activated either by the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex or the cell surface receptor CD2. A natural ligand for CD2 has been found to be lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), a widely distributed cell surface glycoprotein. To investigate the interaction of these two pathways, we have expressed the cDNA encoding the human CD2 molecule in a murine T cell hybridoma that produces IL-2 in response to HLA-DR antigens. Expression of the CD2 molecule markedly enhances IL-2 production in response to LFA-3+ antigen-bearing stimulator cells, and this stimulation is inhibited by anti-CD2 and anti-LFA-3 mAb. To further define the role of LFA-3 in antigen-dependent T cell activation, we have studied the ability of the purified ligands of CD2 and the TCR to stimulate the hybridoma. Neither liposomes containing purified HLA-DR antigens nor liposomes containing purified LFA-3 were able to stimulate the parent or the CD2+ hybridoma. However, liposomes containing both purified LFA-3 and HLA-DR, the physiological ligands for CD2 and the TCR, respectively, stimulate IL-2 production by the CD2+ but not the parent hybridoma, suggesting that complementary interactions between the TCR-CD3 complex and the CD2 pathway may regulate lymphocyte activation. To determine whether the CD2/LFA-3 interaction participates in cell-cell adhesion and provides an activation signal, we have constructed a cytoplasmic deletion mutant of CD2, CD2 delta B, in which the COOH-terminal 100 amino acids of CD2 have been replaced with a serine. Hybridomas expressing the CD2 delta B molecule were examined. Deletion of the cytoplasmic domain of CD2 did not alter binding of LFA-3 but eliminated the ability of CD2 to increase the response of the hybridoma to liposomes containing both HLA-DR and LFA-3, demonstrating that adhesion of LFA-3 to CD2 alone was insufficient for activation, and that the cytoplasmic domain was required for LFA-3 stimulation through the CD2 molecule. T cells may be activated by purified LFA-3 binding to CD2 and the TCR interacting with its ligand, and these signals appear to be synergistic for the T cell. These results suggest that the CD2/LFA-3 interaction not only plays a role in cell-cell adhesion but provides a stimulatory signal for T cell activation.
New Therapeutic Strategies in Radiation Therapy
Authors: Timothy J. Kinsella
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Radiation therapy has been an integral part of curative cancer therapy for many decades. The tolerance of normal tissues traversed by radiation and resistant tumor cell populations traditionally have limited the radiocurability to certain tumors, especially with higher clinical stages. However, research in radiobiology and radiation physics is providing ways to increase cure while limiting morbidity. Computer-controlled dynamic treatment, radioprotector drugs, hyperbaric oxygen, carbogen breathing during irradiation, particle irradiation, and hypoxic cell sensitizing drugs are presently undergoing clinical evaluation with some encouraging preliminary results. We review the fundamental concepts underlying these clinical trials and analyze the results.
AMOEBIC HEPATITIS WITH HAEMATEMESIS
Authors: R. E. Drake-Brockman
Journal: BMJ (1931)

IMEDICAL JOURN<ALNo part of the buinion itself is removed.When the patient is returned to the ward, the end of the bed is raised on 6-inch blocks, and a cradle placed over the operated foot.AFTER-TREATMENT This is of great importance.On the second day, strips of adhesive plaster, half an inch wide, are applied to the dorsal and plantar aspects of the big toe, and their long
European Real-Life Experience Of Omalizumab (Xolair) And Maintenance Oral Corticosteroid Use In Patients With Severe Persistent Allergic Asthma
Authors: M. Molimard, R. Niven, R. Buhl, V. Le Gros, A. Thielen, J. Thirlwell, Z. Panahloo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Survival after Tachyarrhythmic Arrest — What Are We Waiting For?
Authors: Leslie A. Saxon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Approximately 225,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur annually in the United States. It is a little-known fact that at least double that number of cardiac arrests occur in hospitalized patients.1 Survival after cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation requires prompt defibrillation, regardless of the setting in which it occurs.2,3 Therefore, it is clear that timely defibrillation in the hospital is an important determinant of the quality of cardiovascular care.If out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation occurs where there are readily available automated external defibrillators (AEDs), such as in an airport or a casino, . . .
Quinine-induced Pancytopenia and Coagulopathy
Authors: Steven K. Schmitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 January 1994Quinine-induced Pancytopenia and CoagulopathySteven K. Schmitt, MD and J. Walton Tomford, MDSteven K. Schmitt, MDThe Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this author and J. Walton Tomford, MDThe Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We describe a patient similar to those with quinine-induced pancytopenia and coagulopathy described by Maguire and colleagues [1].A 74-year-old white woman was hospitalized with acute-onset fever and chills on 13 May 1991. The physical examination was unrevealing. Laboratory results included a serum creatinine level of 140 µmol/L (1.6 mg/dL), a lactate dehydrogenase level of 298 U/L, pancytopenia (hemoglobin concentration, 103 g/L; platelet count, 22 × 109/L; and leukocyte count, 1.7 × 109/L), and coagulopathy (prothrombin time, 14.8 seconds; partial thromboplastin time, 43.3 seconds; and fibrin degradation products >0.04 g/L). She recovered without specific therapy, and two ...References1. Maguire RB, Stroncek DF, Campbell AC. Recurrent pancytopenia, coagulopathy, and renal failure associated with multiple quinine-dependent antibodies. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119; 215-7. Google Scholar2. Stroncek DF, Vercellotti GM, Hammerschmidt DE, Christie DJ, Shankar RA, Jacob HS. Characterization of multiple quinine-dependent antibodies in a patient with episodic hemolytic uremic syndrome and immune agranulocytosis. Blood. 1992; 80:241-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrug-induced immune thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and managementTherapeutic Approaches to Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenic PurpuraDrug-Induced Immune ThrombocytopeniaDrug-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndromeShould People with Nocturnal Leg Cramps Drink Tonic Water and Bitter Lemon?SHOULD PEOPLE WITH NOCTURNAL LEG CRAMPS DRINK TONIC WATER AND BITTER LEMON?Multiple Quinine-Dependent Antibodies in a Patient With Episodic Thrombocytopenia, Neutropenia, Lymphocytopenia, and Granulomatous HepatitisQuinine induced lupus-like syndrome and cardiolipin antibodies.Platelet-associated bleeding disorders 1 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 1Page: 90-91KeywordsAttentionCoagulopathyFeversHemoglobinPlateletsQuinineResearch laboratoriesSepsisTemperatureVomiting Issue Published: 1 January 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Left ventricular noncompaction in patients with β‐thalassemia: Uncovering a previously unrecognized abnormality
Authors: Antonio Piga, Filomena Longo, Khaled M. Musallam, Andrea Veltri, Francesca Ferroni, Amedeo Chiribiri, Rodolfo Bonamini
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy with potentially serious outcomes. It results in multiple and excessive trabeculations, deep intertrabecular recesses, and a thickened ventricular myocardium with two distinct layers, compacted and noncompacted. The condition is most commonly congenital; however, acquired forms have also been described. A recent report of LVNC detected in a β‐thalassemia twin suggested an association with cardiac siderosis. In a cross‐sectional study of 135 transfusion‐dependent patients with β‐thalassemia (130 major and 5 intermedia, mean age 29.6 ± 7.7 years, 49.6% males) presenting for cardiac iron assessment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for LVNC. None of the patients had neuromuscular or congenital heart disease. Eighteen patients (13.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.6–20.1) fulfilled the preassigned strict criteria for LVNC on cardiac MRI. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without LVNC with respect to demographics; hemoglobin levels; splenectomy status; systemic, hepatic, and cardiac iron overload indices; hepatic disease and infection studies; or iron chelator type. Patients with LVNC were more likely to have heart failure (adjusted odds ratio = 1.77; 95% CI = 0.29–10.89); although with high uncertainty. Patients with β‐thalassemia have a higher prevalence of LVNC than normal individuals. As this finding could not be explained by conventional risk factors in this patient population, further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of LVNC is warranted. This remains crucial for an entity with adverse cardiac outcomes, especially in patients with β‐thalassemia where cardiac disease remains a primary cause of mortality. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reply to T. Maughan et al
Authors: Benoist Chibaudel, Frédérique Maindrault-Goebel, Christophe Tournigand, Aimery de Gramont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We thank Maughan et al for their interest and commentary on the OPTIMOX2 (Optimized Leucovorin-Fluorouracil-Oxaliplatin) study, which should be considered along with the editorial by Hochster. Some remarks have already been discussed. Maintenance therapy and chemotherapy-free interval were stopped at progression in most patients. They were stopped in six patients (3%) before (but not until) the tumor reached the baseline measure in case of previous response, or in case of tumor-related symptoms. The COIN (COntinuous chemotherapy versus INtermittent chemotherapy) trial showed that continuous therapy was associated with a trend toward better survival compared with chemotherapy discontinuation, as in the OPTIMOX2 study. The hazard ratio for overall survival in the OPTIMOX2 study was 1.14, with a 95% CI of 0.8259 to 1.574, compared with the hazard ratio of 1.084 in the COIN trial, with a 80% CI of 1.008 to 1.165. We used duration of disease control (DDC) because it has been proven that progression-free survival (PFS) is not a suitably reliable end point to predict overall survival (OS) when patients can receive more than one course of treatment. It has been proposed that DDC can capture the treatment effect in strategic trials. It is defined as the sum of PFS of the first treatment phase and the PFS of the following treatment phases when progression is not observed at their first evaluation. We showed in a pooled analysis that there was a strong association between DDC and OS (r 0.93; P .001), but there was no statistically significant correlation between PFS and OS (r 0.45; P .49). There is no difficulty in using DDC if data postprogression are available. On the basis of the OPTIMOX study, we decided not to plan chemotherapy discontinuation at baseline, but only in selected patients after at least 6 months induction chemotherapy. A normal carcinoembryonic antigen level at 3 months from baseline was found to be a predictive factor for a prolonged chemotherapy-free interval and favorable prognostic factor for overall survival. We agree that additional large data sets will give us new information about patient eligibility for chemotherapy discontinuation. Benoist Chibaudel, Frederique Maindrault-Goebel, Christophe Tournigand, and Aimery de Gramont Hopital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
Ombudsman plans to locate blame in complaints cases
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1996)

When the British health ombudsman begins investigating complaints about the clinical judgment of NHS doctors this year he intends to consider questions of fault. This is in contrast with the trend in litigation, where most medical negligence claims are settled out of court with no admission of fault or explanation.

In a paper describing his new powers the ombudsman, Mr William Reid, states that legal proceedings, even when damages are paid, provide no assurance to the complainant that any …
Limitations of the Antibody-Coated Bacteria Test in Patients With Neurogenic Bladders
Authors: John L. Merritt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A Fairley washout test and antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test were performed for 35 urinary tract infections in 32 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. The Fairley test result was used as a standard reference and was combined with clinical and ureteral catheterization culture findings when doubt existed. The Fairley test localized 35 infections: 9 to the kidney, 24 to the bladder, and 2 to the prostate. The ACB test results were positive in five of the nine renal infections and negative in four. In three of the four patients with negative results, radiological, clinical, or ureteral culture evidence of upper urinary tract infection supported localization to the upper urinary tract. Of the 26 infections localized by the Fairley test to the lower urinary tract, 20 showed negative and six showed positive ACB test results. Two of the six patients with positive results had prostate infections; the other four had chronic or recurrent cystitis. The ACB test cannot be relied on alone to localize urinary tract infections in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors in Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Anita Deswal, Nancy J. Petersen, Arthur M. Feldman, James B. Young, Bill G. White, Douglas L. Mann
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Previous reports have shown that elevated circulating levels of cytokines and/or cytokine receptors predict adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, these studies were limited by small numbers of patients and/or they were performed in a single center. In addition, these studies did not have sufficient size to address the influence of age, race, sex, and cause of heart failure on the circulating levels of these inflammatory mediators in patients with heart failure. Methods and Results —We analyzed circulating levels of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and interleukin-6) and their cognate receptors in 1200 consecutive patients who were enrolled in a multicenter clinical trial of patients with advanced heart failure. This analysis constitutes the largest analysis of cytokines and cytokine receptors to date. Analysis of the patients receiving placebo showed that increasing circulating levels of TNF, interleukin-6, and the soluble TNF receptors were associated with increased mortality. In men, there was a linear increase in circulating levels of TNF with advancing age. Women ≤50 years of age had relatively low levels of TNF, but TNF levels were disproportionately higher in women &gt;50 years of age. No differences existed in cytokines and/or cytokine receptors in whites versus nonwhites, and circulating levels of cytokines and cytokine receptors were significantly greater in patients with ischemic heart disease. Conclusions —Cytokines and cytokine receptors are independent predictors of mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. Moreover, circulating levels of cytokines are modified by age, sex, and cause of heart failure.
Anti-PDGFR- antibodies measured by non-bioactivity assays are not specific for systemic sclerosis
Authors: E Balada, C P Simeon-Aznar, J Ordi-Ros, M Rosa-Leyva, A Selva-O'Callaghan, J Pardos-Gea, V Fonollosa-Pla, M Vilardell-Tarres
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To evaluate the presence of anti-PDGFR-alpha antibodies by immunological methods in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Fifty-eight women diagnosed with SSc and 36 healthy women controls were included. IgG anti-PDGFR-alpha were measured by ELISA and immunoblot. Associations with clinical and immunological findings were also studied.Non-significant differences were detected between patients with SSc and controls: median value 0.287 (range 0-2.06) versus median value 0.226 (range 0-2.94), respectively (p = 0.583). No correlation between the presence of anti-PDGFR-alpha antibodies and clinical and serological features was found. Serum samples from patients with SSc and healthy people who had high titres of anti-PDGFR-alpha antibodies by ELISA recognised the same band corresponding to PDGFR-alpha by immunoblot.Although anti-PDGFR-alpha antibodies seem to be disease-specific when determined by bioactivity assays, these antibodies are also detected in normal subjects when immunological methods are used. Thus, anti-PDGFR-alpha antibodies may arise from natural autoantibodies. Possibly, SSc autoantibodies recognise a different epitope on the PDGFR-alpha molecule which triggers its stimulatory effect when analysed by functional assays. Alternatively, naturally occurring autoantibodies may even become pathogenic after affinity maturation and class switching in genetically susceptible subjects.
BMA meeting: Conversion therapy for homosexuals should not be funded by the NHS
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The NHS should not fund “discredited” conversion therapy for homosexual people, representatives at the BMA conference have voted.

The BMA has called on the Department of Health to investigate cases where it seems that conversion therapy has been funded with NHS money to prevent it happening in future.

Conversion therapy is treatment directed at helping gay and lesbian people modify their sexual orientation to heterosexuality.

Speaking for the motion, junior doctor, Tom Dolphin said, “This isn’t about therapy designed to help …
Methotrexate and sulfasalazine promote adenosine release by a mechanism that requires ecto-5'-nucleotidase-mediated conversion of adenine nucleotides.
Authors: L Morabito, M C Montesinos, D M Schreibman, L Balter, L F Thompson, R Resta, G Carlin, M A Huie, B N Cronstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We and others have shown that an increased extracellular concentration of adenosine mediates the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate and sulfasalazine both in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism by which these drugs increase extracellular adenosine remains unclear. The results of the experiments reported here provide three distinct lines of evidence that adenosine results from the ecto-5'-nucleotidase- mediated conversion of adenine nucleotides to adenosine. First, pretreatment of a human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) with methotrexate increases extracellular adenosine after exposure of the pretreated cells to activated neutrophils; the ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha, beta-methylene adenosine-5'-diphosphate (APCP) abrogates completely the increase in extracellular adenosine. Second, there is no methotrexate-mediated increase in extracellular adenosine concentration in the supernate of cells deficient in ecto-5'-nucleotidase, but there is a marked increase in extracellular adenosine concentration in the supernates of these cells after transfection and surface expression of the enzyme. Finally, as we have shown previously, adenosine mediates the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate and sulfasalazine in the murine air pouch model of inflammation, and injection of APCP, the ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor, abrogates completely the increase in adenosine and the decrement in inflammation in this in vivo model. These results not only show that ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity is a critical mediator of methotrexate- and sulfasalazine-induced antiinflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo but also indicate that adenine nucleotides, released from cells, are the source of extracellular adenosine.
P568 VIROLOGICAL AND CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PREDICTING RECURRENCE OF HEPATITIS B RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER SURGICAL RESECTION
Authors: I.F. Hung, D.K. Wong, D.Y. Fong, A.H. Chui, W. Seto, J.Y. Fung, J.C. Yuen, R. Tiu, O. Choi, C.-L. Lai, R. Poon, M.-F. Yuen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Human mating models can benefit from comparative primatology and careful methodology
Authors: Agustin Fuentes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Conditional mating strategies and within-sex variation in mating patterns occur across a wide range of primate taxa. Attempts to model the evolution of human mating strategies should incorporate current primatological data sets and phylogenetic perspectives. However, comparisons between interview and questionnaire-based human behavioral data and observationally and experimental generated nonhuman behavioral data should be conducted with prudence.
Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm in Marfan's Syndrome
Authors: Allan L. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1965)

CARDIOVASCULAR stigmata are present in 30% to 60% of patients with Marfan's syndrome and dissecting aneurysm occurring in a medionecrotic aorta accounts for at least one third of the cardiovascular manifestations.1In the past, the diagnosis of aortic dissection was either inferred from the clinical signs or made at autopsy.2,3Angiography has not been widely used in the evaluation of these cases. Aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic sinuses of Valsalva and aneurysm of the ascending aorta have been demonstrated by contrast study.4  The purpose of this paper is to report an aneurysm of the pulmonary artery, aneurysm of the ascending aorta, and dissection in the entire aorta in a patient with Marfan's syndrome. In addition, the dissecting hematoma is shown in the preoperative and postoperative angiograms.  Report of a Case  Clinical History:—  The patient (G-NHCH- B 48062), a 33-year-old white male laborer, was admitted to the Yale-New