tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The coronary arteries and left ventricle in clinically isolated angina pectoris: a necropsy analysis.
Authors: W C Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Certain clinical and morphologic observations are described in 27 patients with severe isolated angina pectoris of either the stable (five patients) or the unstable form (22 patients). Twenty-four patients died during or shortly after cardiac operations designed to relieve angina pectoris and three died during cardiac catheterization. During life none had had clinical evidence of acute myocardial infarction or congestive cardiac failure. At necropsy, each had diffuse, extensive coronary atherosclerosis with severe luminal narrowing: the lumens of at least two, an average of three, of the four major epicardial coronary arteries were narrowed greater than 75% in cross-sectional area by old atherosclerotic plaques. Despite the severe coronary narrowing, there was little myocardial damage. Left ventricular scarring (excluding papillary muscle) was observed grossly in only 14 (52%) of the 27 patients and in each it involved only a small portion of myocardial wall. The left ventricular cavity was of normal size in all except two patients. The hearts were of normal weight in 15 (56%) patients, and the average increase above the upper range of normal for the other 12 hearts was 19%. Thus, clinically isolated, severe angina pectoris is associated with severe, diffuse luminal narrowing but relatively little myocardial damage.
P249 Assessment of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis using a new disease-specific tool for measuring HRQoL: the Quality of Life-Bronchiectasis (QOL-B) questionnaire
Authors: A. R. McCullough, C. M. Hughes, M. Tunney, J. S. Elborn, J. M. Bradley
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The QOL-B is the first disease-specific HRQoL questionnaire for bronchiectasis. Quittner <i>et al</i> (ATS, 2009) have provided preliminary data on reliability and validity of the questionnaire. It has not been used in bronchiectasis populations outside of the USA. <h3>Aim</h3> To assess HRQoL using the disease-specific QOL-B questionnaire and explore the relationship between FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted, age, gender, time from 1st <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolate and QOL-B. <h3>Methods</h3> This study is part of a larger study exploring adherence to treatment in bronchiectasis. Patients with bronchiectasis (confirmed by HRCT) were recruited if they had a positive sputum culture for <i>P aeruginosa</i> and were using nebulised antibiotics. Patients self-completed the QOL-B (eight domains, each scored 0–100, low-highHRQoL). Spirometry was performed according to ATS/ERS guidelines. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were completed for each QOL-B domain using four independent variables: age, gender, FEV<sub>1</sub>% and time from 1st <i>P aeruginosa</i> isolate. <h3>Results</h3> 71 patients were recruited: 22M/49F; mean (SD) age 65 (8) yrs; FEV<sub>1</sub> 60 (25) % predicted; mean time since first <i>P aeruginosa</i> isolate 51 (41) months. QOL-B domains showed impairment in HRQoL, mean (range): physical functioning 31 (0–100); vitality 37 (0–78); health perceptions 39 (8–92); social functioning 42 (0–100); role functioning 46 (0–100); respiratory functioning 53 (8–100); treatment burden 56 (11–89); and emotional functioning 73 (8–100). Males had significantly lower (p=0.046) physical functioning than females, mean (SD) 22.8 (23) vs 36.58 (27) respectively; however gender did not explain the variance in any of the QOL-B domains. Age, FEV<sub>1</sub>% and time from 1st <i>P aeruginosa</i> isolate together explained 5.5–26.9% of variance (r<sup>2</sup>) in domain scores. Age was related to health perceptions (r<sup>2</sup>=12.1%), treatment burden (r<sup>2</sup>=11.5%), social (r<sup>2</sup>=15.6%), role (r<sup>2</sup>=10.7%) and respiratory (r<sup>2</sup>=16%) functioning domains. FEV<sub>1</sub>% was related to physical (r<sup>2</sup>=18.8%) and role (r<sup>2</sup>=8.7%) functioning domains. Time from 1st <i>P aeruginosa</i> isolate was related to vitality (r<sup>2</sup>=11%), physical (r<sup>2</sup>=6.9%), social (r<sup>2</sup>=5.6%) and emotional (r<sup>2</sup>=5.5%) functioning domains. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HRQoL is impaired in patients with bronchiectasis. Older age is associated with better HRQoL. Higher FEV<sub>1</sub>% is associated with better physical and role functioning. Vitality, physical, social and emotional functioning improves with increased time from 1st <i>P aeruginosa</i> isolate.
Cardiac Function in Experimental Mitral Stenosis
Authors: F. J. HADDY, A. L. FERRIN, D. W. HANNON, J. F. ALDEN, W. L. ADAMS, I. D. BARONOFSKY
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

The results of 85 combined right and left heart catheterizations in normal dogs and dogs with experimental mitral stenosis are presented. Animals lived as long as 10 months with elevated pulmonary vein pressures. Pulmonary vein pressures in excess of 15 mm. Hg were associated with mitral orifice areas which were smaller than those found in normal animals. Elevation of pulmonary vein pressure was associated with a decrease in the pulmonary vascular pressure gradient, with no change in cardiac index as measured and with a decrease in calculated pulmonary vascular resistance.
Studies on human plasma C1 inactivator-enzyme interactions. II. Structural features of an abnormal C1 inactivator from a kindred with hereditary angioneurotic edema.
Authors: P C Harpel, T E Hugli, N R Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The function and several of the structural features of the C1 inactivator protein isolated from the plasma of a mother and daughter with the variant form of hereditary angioneurotic edema have been examined. These abnormal inhibitors shared immunologic identity with the normal C1 inactivator protein; however, they were inactive in inhibiting the functional activity of C1s. Analysis of the abnormal inhibitors by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested that each consisted of a single polypeptide chain, the mobility of which was slower than that of the normal C1 inactivator. The apparent molecular weight of the patients' inhibitors was 109,000 daltons as contrasted to 105,000 daltons, that of the normal C1 inactivator. The abnormal inhibitors failed to form a complex with C1s or plasmin as analyzed by SDS-acrylamide gels. The large proteolytic derivatives resulting from the plasmin- and trypsin-induced degradation of the abnormal inhibitors were approximately 3,000 daltons heavier than the corresponding products derived from normal C1 inactivator. Thus, the structural abnormality identified appeared to be a property of the core molecule. Treatment of the inhibitors with neuraminidase failed to demonstrate a difference between the normal and patient-derived C1 inactivator molecule. Neither were major differences found between the amino acid composition of the defective and normal inhibitors; however, the acidic amino acids tended to be higher in the patients' inhibitors, and the phenylalanine content lower. Thus, these studies have identified both structural and functional abnormalities in the C1 inactivator protein isolated from two related patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema. Examination of the interaction between endopeptidases and the inhibitors has further delineated the abnormal structural features.
Confusion of filters: potential hazard from ultraviolet lamps.
Authors: E F Ring, R A Harrison, K Stokes
Journal: BMJ (1980)

was given without obvious benefit there was synergism between mexiletine and practolol similar to the co-operative action between mexiletine and propranolol in refractory ventricular tachycardia proposed in your recent article.We found no adverse effects with the intravenous administration of mexile- tine in these patients and the successful dose varied from 60 mg to 250 mg given at a rate of 30 mg/min.
Reply to Ramya Nagarajan, Shanmugasundaram Rajaian, Nitin S. Kekre's Letter to the Editor re: Mireia Musquera, Lluis L. Peri, Ricardo Alvarez-Vijande, et al. Orthotopic Kidney Transplantation: An Alternative Surgical Technique in Selected Patients. Eur Urol 2010;58:927–33
Authors: Mireia Musquera, Lluis L. Peri, Ricardo Alvarez-Vijande, Federico Oppenheimer, Jose Maria Gil-Vernet, Antonio Alcaraz
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Risk- and response-based classification of childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a combined analysis of prognostic markers from the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) and Children's Cancer Group (CCG)
Authors: Kirk R. Schultz, D. Jeanette Pullen, Harland N. Sather, Jonathan J. Shuster, Meenakshi Devidas, Michael J. Borowitz, Andrew J. Carroll, Nyla A. Heerema, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Mignon L. Loh, Elizabeth A. Raetz, Naomi J. Winick, Stephen P. Hunger, William L. Carroll, Paul S. Gaynon, Bruce M. Camitta
Journal: Blood (2006)
Hypnoanesthesia in the Morbidly Obese
Authors: Don M. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The advent of chemical anesthesia relegated hypnosis to an adjunctive role in patients requiring major operations. Anesthesia can be utilized with acceptable risk in the great majority of patients encountered in modern practice. But an occasional patient will present--such as one with morbid obesity--who needs a surgical procedure and who cannot be safely managed by conventional anesthetic techniques. This report describes our experience with such a patient and illustrates some of the advantages and disadvantages of hypnoanesthesia. The greatest disadvantage is that it is unpredictable. Close cooperation between the patient, hypnotist, anesthesiologist, and surgeon is critical. However, the technique may be utilized to remove very large lesions in selected patients. Hypnoanesthesia is an important alternative for some patients who cannot and should not be managed with conventional anesthetic techniques.
Balancing mammography's benefits and harms
Authors: Joshua J Fenton, Joann G Elmore
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Are we overdiagnosing breast cancer? 

Cancer screening is intuitively appealing. Common sense would dictate that early detection is good. If you had a silent, potential-life-threatening cancer, wouldn't you want to know as early as possible, when treatment might have the greatest chance of cure? Many would say, “Of course!” Some are even willing to pay a lot of money to have whole-body cancer screening with computed tomography—all for the sake of early detection.1

Enthusiasm for cancer screening, however, may be based on misperceptions about the natural history of cancer and the benefits of early detection (see box). Indeed, some cancers may grow so slowly that they are unlikely to be diagnosed during one's lifetime, and others may regress. Detection of such cancers by screening, overdiagnosis , can lead to unnecessary, invasive treatment.

Overdiagnosis is thought to occur frequently in prostate cancer and neuroblastoma screening.2,3 While concerns have been raised about overdiagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with screening mammography,4 little is known about the extent of …
Oral bisphosphonates and oesophageal cancer
Authors: D. K. Wysowski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Evidence is inconclusive but cautious prescribing and active follow-up are advised

Oral bisphosphonates have been marketed for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis since the mid-1990s. In the linked nested case-control study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4444), Green and colleagues find that the risk of oesophageal cancer increases with the number of prescriptions of oral bisphosphonates.1 Is the association likely to be true? And if so, what should clinicians tell their patients?

In 1994, erosive oesophagitis was reported in five patients in a clinical trial of oral pamidronate.2 A year later, multiple ulcerative oesophagitis was described in a 59 year old woman who had taken one alendronate tablet a day for seven days with half a glass of water while lying down.3 She developed progressively severe retrosternal pain, odynophagia, and dysphagia, then stopped the drug and consulted her doctor, who prescribed an H2 receptor blocker without success. Endoscopy showed an ulcerated lesion in the lower oesophagus with spontaneously bleeding mucosa and a white exudate.

White exudate was also reported in five patients who took alendronate 10 mg a day and developed oesophageal symptoms after …
605 Decreased portal blood flow measured by Doppler is associated with severity of liver fibrosis in alcohols
Authors: G. Vanbiervliet, F. Le Breton, E. Marine-Barjoan, C. Tran, E. Gelsi, R. Anty, R. Salame, M.C. Saint-Paul, P.M. Huet, J.N. Bruneton, A. Tran
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Abstract B69: Preferential transfer of mitochondria from endothelial to cancer cells through tunneling nanotubes modulates chemoresistance
Authors: Jennifer Pasquier, Bella S Guerrouahen, Hamda Al Thawadi, Pegah Ghiabi, Mahtab Maleki, Nadine Abu-Kaoud, Arthur Jacob, Massoud Mirshahi, Ludovic Galas, Shahin Rafii, Frank Le Foll, Arash Rafii
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Our vision of cancer has changed during the past decades. Indeed tumors are now perceived as complex entities where tumoral and stromal components interact closely. Among the different elements of tumor stroma the cellular component play a primordial role. Bone Marrow derived mesenchymal cells (MSCs) are attracted to tumor sites and support tumor growth. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a major role in angiogenesis. While the literature documents many aspects of the cross talk between stromal and cancer cells, the role of direct hetero-cellular contact is not clearly established. Recently, Tunneling nanotubes (TnTs) have been shown to support cell-to-cell transfers of plasma membrane components, cytosolic molecules and organelles within cell lines. Herein, we have investigated the formation of heterocellular TnTs between stromal (MSCs and ECs) and cancer cells. We demonstrate that TnTs occur between different cancer cells, stromal cells and cancer-stromal cell lines. We showed that TnTs-like structure occurred in 3D anchorage independent spheroids and also in tumor explant cultures. In our culture condition, TnTs formation occurred after large membrane adhesion. We showed that intercellular transfers of cytoplasmic content occurred similarly between cancer cells and MSCs or ECs, but we highlighted that the exchange of mitochondria occurred preferentially between endothelial cells and cancer cells. We illustrated that the cancer cells acquiring mitochondria displayed chemoresistance. Our results illustrate the perfusion-independent role of the endothelium by showing a direct endothelial to cancer cell mitochondrial exchange associated to phenotypic modulation. This supports another role of the endothelium in the constitution of the metastatic niche. Citation Format: Jennifer Pasquier, Bella s. Guerrouahen, Hamda Al. Thawadi, Nadine Abu Kaoud, Mahtab Maleki, Frank Le Foll, Arash Rafii. Preferential transfer of mitochondria from endothelial to cancer cells through tunneling nanotubes modulates chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B69.
Health committee critical of community care
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

People in Britain with serious mental illness are being discharged abruptly and without adequate support into the community, says a report from the House of Commons health committee. Wrangling between government departments over responsibility for homeless mentally ill people is “exacerbating the already desperate plight of many mentally ill people on the streets or in inappropriate accommodation,” says the report. The amount of data available on care in the community for mentally ill people is also criticised as being “lamentable.”

The committee, which has members from all political parties, is …
NARCOTIC ADDICTION AMONG PHYSICIANS: A TEN-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: PETER L. PUTNAM, EVERETT H. ELLINWOOD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Physicians represented approximately two percent of the total male discharges from the USPHS Hospital in Lexington, Ky., in 1952. Most were over 40 years old. About 50 percent had only one admission to the hospital, while the remainder had from two to eight admissions from 1940 to 1962. Morphine and meperidine were the most commonly used drugs; many used barbiturates and alcohol in addition to the narcotic. There was no correlation between type of drug used and psychiatric diagnosis. Many had organic disease of varying severity. Most were married, Protestant and came from one of the southern states. When compared with a control group in 1950, there were no significant differences in AMA membership, specialty or type of practice Members of the patient group did move from one city to another twice as frequently as the controls. There was a more rapid attrition rate of the patient group from the AMA directories, and after ten years only 57 percent remained listed, while 81 percent of those in the control group were still listed. While this difference is significant(at p.<.01), it is also noteworthy that 57 percent of the patient group were still listed in the directory.
Do Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Provide Benefits Similar to Those of Traditional Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, with Less Gastrointestinal Toxicity?
Authors: Mark Feldman, Alexander T. McMahon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Two forms of cyclooxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), act as rate-limiting enzymes in prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. Discovery of these compounds led to the development of drugs that selectively or specifically inhibit the COX-2 isoform. Although the COX-1 isoform is expressed at fairly constant levels in cells, including the gastrointestinal mucosa and platelets, expression of COX-2 varies greatly. In many cells, low expression of COX-2 can be upregulated by various stimuli, including inflammatory cytokines, bacterial toxins, and growth factors; this suggests that COX-2 plays a role in inflammation, infection, and cellular proliferation. It was thought that newly developed drugs designed to block COX-2 but not COX-1 would have anti-inflammatory properties and would avoid inhibiting the synthesis of gastrointestinal prostaglandins (thereby avoiding ulcers) and platelet thromboxane (thereby avoiding bleeding). Gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding are side effects of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that block COX-1 and COX-2. Meloxicam and nimesulide, selective COX-2 inhibitors available outside the United States, are as effective as traditional NSAIDs but have similar gastrointestinal side effects. Celecoxib (Celebrex, G.D. Searle and Co., Chicago, Illinois) and rofecoxib (Vioxx, Merck and Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania), selective COX-2 inhibitors approved in the United States in the past year, are also as effective as traditional NSAIDs. However, celecoxib and rofecoxib have no antiplatelet activity and lead to fewer endoscopically detected gastric and duodenal ulcers than traditional NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Preliminary analyses of data pooled from several trials suggest that celecoxib and rofecoxib are associated with fewer clinically symptomatic ulcers and ulcer complications than traditional NSAIDs are. Postmarketing surveillance should help clarify the actual risk for serious ulcer complications with these new COX-2 inhibitors and reveal other potential nongastrointestinal toxic reactions that can result from their use.
Radiology — A Case Study in Technology and Manpower
Authors: John H. Knowles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IN the Transactions of the Würzburg Physical Medical Society on December 28, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen described "A New Kind of Rays." The magnitude of his discovery and the rapidity with which fellow scientists and the public at large grasped the implications represent a true scientific revolution1 that, in its wake, required a number of social, economic, educational, legal and institutional changes and adjustments. Public expectations of the cure, containment or amelioration and diagnosis of disease have been fulfilled. These expectations have been matched by increasingly serious social issues, such as high cost, maldistribution and suboptimal organization and utilization of . . .
Differential sensitivity of arteriolar alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor constriction to metabolic inhibition during rat skeletal muscle contraction.
Authors: K M Anderson, J E Faber
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Our previous studies in rat skeletal muscle have determined that neural constriction of large arterioles, which regulate blood flow and peripheral resistance, is mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors, whereas small arterioles, which determine effective capillary density, depend on alpha 2-receptors. During physical exercise, metabolic vasodilators from contracting skeletal muscle oppose neural vasoconstriction. By mechanisms that are not understood, adrenergic constriction of small arterioles is particularly sensitive to metabolic inhibition during imbalances in oxygen supply versus demand. This sensitivity may result from the reliance of small arterioles on alpha 2-receptors and a greater sensitivity of alpha 2 constriction to metabolic dilators. We previously demonstrated selective attenuation of arteriolar alpha 2 constriction during a reduction in the oxygen supply/demand ratio subsequent to decreased skeletal muscle perfusion. In the present study, intravital microscopy of rat cremaster skeletal muscle was used to examine the effect of increased oxygen demand on adrenergic constriction of arterioles. The effect of multiple frequencies of skeletal muscle contraction (via genitofemoral nerve stimulation) on alpha 1 (norepinephrine + rauwolscine) and alpha 2 (norepinephrine + prazosin) constriction was used to evaluate neural-metabolic interactions over a wide range of metabolic conditions. Low-frequency (less than or equal to 2 Hz) skeletal muscle contraction attenuated only alpha 2 constriction; contractions greater than or equal to 4 Hz attenuated alpha 1 constriction and further reduced alpha 2 constriction. Comparison of the frequency of contraction necessary to produce inhibition of 20% of maximal dilation indicated that alpha 2 constriction was approximately 10-fold more sensitive than alpha 1 constriction to "metabolic" inhibition. High-frequency, but not low-frequency, contraction also inhibited intrinsic tone. These data suggest that release of dilator substances during moderate exercise may preferentially attenuate alpha 2 constriction to produce small arteriolar dilation and increased capillary density. In contrast, metabolic signals associated with higher frequency muscle contraction may inhibit both intrinsic tone and large arteriolar alpha 1 tone so that blood flow and oxygen delivery increase to match the elevated oxygen demand of more heavily exercising muscle.