tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a prevention program for diabetic ketoacidosis in children. An 8-year study in schools and private practices.
Authors: M Vanelli, G Chiari, L Ghizzoni, G Costi, T Giacalone, F Chiarelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To shorten the period of carbohydrate intolerance preceding the diagnosis of IDDM in children.The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was studied in newly diagnosed diabetic children aged 6-14 years, in the area of Parma, Italy, 8 years after an information program on DKA was introduced to teachers, students, parents, and pediatricians. Information was provided by displaying a poster with a few practical messages in 177 primary and secondary public schools. The pediatricians working in the same area were given equipment for the measurement of both glycosuria and blood glucose levels, as well as cards listing guidelines for the early diagnosis of diabetes, to be given to patients. A toll-free number was also provided. Clinical and laboratory features of 24 young diabetic patients diagnosed in the Parma area (group 1) were compared with those of 30 patients coming from two nearby areas in which no campaign for the prevention of DKA had been carried out (group 2).From 1 January 1991 to 31 December 1997, DKA was diagnosed in 3 children from group 1 (12.5%) and in 25 children from group 2 (83.0%) (chi 2 = 26.8; P = 0.0001). The three cases of DKA in group 1 were observed in 1991 (n = 1) and in 1992 (n = 2). No patients from the Parma area who had DKA were admitted to our unit after 1992. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 5.0 +/- 6.0 and 28.0 +/- 10.0 days (P < 0.0001), in groups 1 and 2, respectively, Metabolic derangements were less severe in patients of group 1 than in those of group 2. Hospitalization for the treatment of overt diabetes and for the teaching of self-management of the disease lasted 5.4 +/- 1.2 days in group 1 and 13.3 +/- 2.4 days in group 2 (P = 0.002). The total cost of the 8-year campaign was $23,470.The prevention program for DKA in diabetic children aged 6-14 years, carried out in the Parma area during the last 8 years, was successful. Thanks to this program, cumulative frequency of DKA in new-onset IDDM decreased from 78% during 1987-1991 to 12.5% during 1991-1997. None of the newly diagnosed diabetic children aged 6-14 years and from the Parma area were ever admitted to the hospital for DKA after 1992.
AMA AUXILIARY ACTIVITIES 1977-1978
Authors: Chester L. Young
Journal: JAMA (1978)

That person is a success who has lived well, laughed often and loved much; who has gained the respect of intelligent men and the love of children; who has filled his niche and accomplished his task; who leaves the world better than he found it; who never lacked appreciation of earth's beauty or failed to express it; who looked for the best in others and gave the best he had.
Does This Patient Have a Pleural Effusion?
Authors: Camilla L. Wong, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Sharon E. Straus
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Pleural effusion is a common finding among patients presenting with respiratory symptoms. The value of the bedside examination to detect pleural effusion is unclear.<h3>Objective</h3>To systematically review the evidence regarding the accuracy of the physical examination in assessing the probability of a pleural effusion.<h3>Data Sources</h3>We searched MEDLINE (1950-October 2008) and EMBASE (1980-October 2008) using Ovid to identify English-language studies conducted in a clinical setting. Additional studies were identified by searching the bibliographies of retrieved articles and contacting experts in the field.<h3>Study Selection</h3>We included prospective studies of diagnostic accuracy that compared at least 1 physical examination maneuver with radiographic confirmation of pleural effusion.<h3>Data Extraction</h3>Three authors independently appraised study quality and extracted relevant data. Data regarding participant recruitment, reference standard, diagnostic test(s), and test accuracy were extracted. Disagreements were resolved by consensus.<h3>Data Synthesis</h3>We identified 310 unique citations, but only 5 prospectively conducted studies met inclusion criteria (N = 934 patients). A random-effects model was used for quantitative synthesis. Of the 8 physical examination maneuvers evaluated in the included studies (conventional percussion, auscultatory percussion, breath sounds, chest expansion, tactile vocal fremitus, vocal resonance, crackles, and pleural friction rub), dullness to conventional percussion was most accurate for diagnosing pleural effusion (summary positive likelihood ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-33.8), while the absence of reduced tactile vocal fremitus made pleural effusion less likely (negative likelihood ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.37).<h3>Conclusions</h3>Based on the limited number of studies, dullness to percussion and tactile fremitus are the most useful findings for pleural effusion. Dull chest percussion makes the probability of a pleural effusion much more likely but requires a chest radiograph to confirm the diagnosis. When the pretest probability of pleural effusion is low, the absence of reduced tactile vocal fremitus makes pleural effusion less likely so that a chest radiograph might not be necessary depending on the overall clinical situation.
Stem and progenitor cells in myelodysplastic syndromes show aberrant stage-specific expansion and harbor genetic and epigenetic alterations
Authors: Britta Will, Li Zhou, Thomas O. Vogler, Susanna Ben-Neriah, Carolina Schinke, Roni Tamari, Yiting Yu, Tushar D. Bhagat, Sanchari Bhattacharyya, Laura Barreyro, Christoph Heuck, Yonkai Mo, Samir Parekh, Christine McMahon, Andrea Pellagatti, Jacqueline Boultwood, Cristina Montagna, Lewis Silverman, Jaroslaw Maciejewski, John M. Greally, B. Hilda Ye, Alan F. List, Christian Steidl, Ulrich Steidl, Amit Verma
Journal: Blood (2012)
Congenital mitral stenosis. A review of 20 years' experience.
Authors: R L Collins-Nakai, A Rosenthal, A R Castaneda, W F Bernhard, A S Nadas
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The clinical course of 38 patients with congenital mitral stenosis (MS) is reviewed. Associated cardiac defects were present in 28 patients, including tetralogy of Fallot in five. In all but one of the eight patients with supravalvar mitral ring (SVR), there were concomitant abnormalities of the mitral valve. Delay in the diagnosis of MS was common. Serial cardiac catheterizations and pulmonary pathologic examination indicated that pulmonary vascular obstructive disease develops during childhood. Mitral valve surgery was performed in 19 of 38 patients: valvotomy alone in eight, excision of SVR in five (two ofwhom also had valvotomy) and mitral valve replacemtnt in seven. Additional non-mitral cardiac surgery was performed in 18 patients. Overall surgical mortality was 49%; mortality for surgery on the mitral valve was 26%. Only patients having mitral valve replacement or with isolated SVR which was then resected became asymptomatic and had normal hemodynamics on postoperative catheterization.
Clinical experience with two physiologic bicarbonate/lactate peritoneal dialysis solutions in automated peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Max Dratwa, Martin Wilkie, Jean.-Philippe. Ryckelynck, P.M. ter Wee, Peter Rutherford, Catherine Michel, Alexandra Hopwood, Lynne Curtis, Nicolas Denys, Jose C. Divino Filho, Dirk Faict
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Reassurance Therapy
Authors: JOSEPH D. SAPIRA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Reassurance therapy consists of six, sequential obligatory steps: [1] eliciting a detailed description of the symptom, [2] eliciting the affective meaning of the symptom, [3] examining the patient, [4] making a diagnosis, [5] explaining the symptom to the patient, and [6] reassuring the patient. The omission of one or more of these steps results in ineffective reassurance.
Enhanced circulating levels of neurally derived calcitonin gene related peptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: M. Zaidi, P. J R Bevis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Enhanced circulating levels of neurally derived calcitonin gene related peptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats Get access Mone Zaidi, Mone Zaidi Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter J R Bevis Peter J R Bevis Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 2, February 1991, Pages 125–128, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.2.125 Published: 01 February 1991 Article history Received: 26 March 1990 Accepted: 17 September 1990 Published: 01 February 1991
Findings Suggest Heart-Healthy Diets May Reduce Risk of Kidney Stones
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer
Authors: T. Hakozaki, L. Minwalla, J. Zhuang, M. Chhoa, A. Matsubara, K. Miyamoto, A. Greatens, G.G. Hillebrand, D.L. Bissett, R.E. Boissy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Cutaneous hyperpigmentation occurs in multiple conditions. In addition, many Asian women desire a lighter skin colour. Thus, there is a need for the development of skin lightening agents. Niacinamide is a possible candidate. Objectives To investigate the effects of niacinamide on melanogenesis in vitro and on facial hyperpigmentation and skin colour in vivo in Japanese women. Methods Melanin production was measured in a purified mushroom tyrosinase assay, cultured melanocytes, a keratinocyte/melanocyte coculture model, and a pigmented reconstructed epidermis (PREP) model. The clinical trials included 18 subjects with hyperpigmentation who used 5% niacinamide moisturizer and vehicle moisturizer in a paired design, and 120 subjects with facial tanning who were assigned to two of three treatments: vehicle, sunscreen and 2% niacinamide + sunscreen. Changes in facial hyperpigmentation and skin colour were objectively quantified by computer analysis and visual grading of high-resolution digital images of the face. Results Niacinamide had no effect on the catalytic activity of mushroom tyrosinase or on melanogenesis in cultured melanocytes. However, niacinamide gave 35–68% inhibition of melanosome transfer in the coculture model and reduced cutaneous pigmentation in the PREP model. In the clinical studies, niacinamide significantly decreased hyperpigmentation and increased skin lightness compared with vehicle alone after 4 weeks of use. Conclusions The data suggest niacinamide is an effective skin lightening compound that works by inhibiting melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes.
A Case of Giant-cell Polyphlebitis
Authors: A. Chakravarti, G. Chakravarti
Journal: BMJ (1955)

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSISMEDIB&NRnHAL 253 damping-down method for the acute exudative lesions, expecting the surgeon to remove the cavity-bearing area at a later date.Tracheo-bronchial disease is still a problem.Many patients in whom tuberculous disease of the walls of the bronchi can be visualized through the bronchoscope are not permanently cured by drugs.If such tracheo- bronchial disease is removable, we feel that localized segmental resection is eventually indicated.We have termed these methods a " dynamic approach" to the problem of tuberculosis.With prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment more patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are now getting well than ever could have done so previously.
Cadmium analysis by radiochemical neutron activation analysis.
Authors: R R Greenberg, M Gallorini, T E Gills
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) has been routinely used at the National Bureau of Standards to analyze Cd in a variety of environmentally important matrices. The method used to separate Cd from other neutron-activated products is solvent extraction. Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate [Zn(DDC)2] in chloroform will quantitatively extract Cd from an aqueous solution over a pH range from 1 to 12. In addition to the extraction of Cd, Zn(DDC)2 will also extract Cu, which can interfere with the Cd analysis by producing a high background level of radiation. This can be avoided by first extracting with Bi(DDC)3 in chloroform which removes Cu, but not Cd. Copper concentrations can, therefore, be determined in addition to Cd. This two extraction radiochemical separation procedure is very versatile and is often used as part of a larger multi-element analysis scheme. One such scheme involves the use of an inorganic-ion exchanger, Hydrated Manganese Dioxide (HMD), to retain As, Sb, Se, and Cr prior to extraction. The eluted fraction is then extracted with Bi(DDC)3 to remove Cu, and then with Zn(DDC)2 to remove Cd.
Reactive multiple keratoacanthoma in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency
Authors: S. Hsu, A.N. Hill, N. Conrad, A.C. Wood, J.A. Reed
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Reactive multiple keratoacanthoma in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency Get access S. Hsu, S. Hsu Departments of Dermatology and Sylvia Hsu, E‐mail: shsu@bcm.tmc.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.N. Hill, A.N. Hill Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Conrad, N. Conrad Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.C. Wood, A.C. Wood Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Reed J.A. Reed Departments of Dermatology andPathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, FB 800, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 6, 1 June 2003, Pages 1270–1271, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05279.x Published: 01 June 2003
Immunoglobulin levels in atopic eczema.
Authors: A. Varelzidis, A. B. Wilson, R. H. Meara, J. L. Turk
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The term  atopic dermatitis  was given by Wise and Sulzberger (1933) to those inflammatory dermatoses which are intimately associated with other allergic manifestations with a strong hereditary influence, such as hay-fever and asthma, described by Coca and Cooke (1923) as atopic. Patients suffering from atopic conditions have a high incidence of circulating antibodies of a particular type. These antibodies, known as reagins, are responsible for positive immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions when the patient is skin-tested with a wide range of naturally occurring antigens. These antibodies cannot be demonstrated by in vitro techniques. However, their presence can be shown by the passive transfer technique of Prausnitz and K?stner (1921). They also differ from other circulating antibodies by having a high affinity for skin and being heat-labile. In June 1964 a committee of the World Health Organization defined proteins of animal origin with known antibody activity as immunoglobulins. The human immunoglobulins have been divided into three major groups. Two groups of molecular weight -^150,000 were called IgG (previously y, 7Sy, yss, or y2) and IgA (previously ?2A or YiO The third group consists of the macroglobulins of molecular weight r?900,000 and is called IgM (previously Yi*_ P^m, or 19Sy). Most circulating antibodies occur in the IgG fraction, though the IgM fraction contains red-cell iso-antibodies, saline anti-D (rhesus) antibodies, and immune antibodies directed against the somatic antigens of Salmonella spp. Until recently many workers considered reagin-type anti bodies to be immunoglobulins of the type IgA. However, more recently there has been evidence to suggest that the concept has been somewhat oversimplified, and in fact molecules of the class of IgG might be involved. As there is no doubt that reagin type antibodies are readily demonstrated in patients with atopic eczema, the present study was undertaken to determine the levels of immunoglobulins in patients with atopic eczema as compared with those with other skin conditions, including other patterns of eczema. Until recently this has not been possible because of the lack of a simple quantitative technique for deter mining accurately the levels of these different forms of immunoglobulins (Fahey and McKelvey, 1965). Previous work has been of a semi-quan?i?ative type either by the use of scanning of electrophoresis strips (Tickner, McCabe, and Mier, 1959), or, more recently, by the arbitrary assessment of the degree of precipitation in immunoelectrophoresis (K?lder, 1965).
Law against asylum seekers may have public health impact
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The first effects of the implementation of the widely criticised section 55 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 were reported by health services in east Kent this week.

So far 36 asylum seekers in the area who applied for asylum after having arrived in the United Kingdom, as opposed to applying at the port of entry, have been denied benefit support and accommodation, under new government plans to get tough on asylum seekers. The number of asylum seekers presenting to services as destitute is rising by the day, say health service representatives in East Kent.

“As of eight days ago we have noted a sharp rise in cases of asylum seekers who have been refused social support from the Home Office's National Asylum Support Service,” said Dr Peter Le Feuvre, a GP in Dover. “They are still allowed to go on and claim political asylum, but they are being given seven day eviction notices from the Home Office accommodation centres, so they have no money and nowhere to live …
MEDICAL AID IN HASTE
Authors: James Brown Thornton
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The latest arrival in the matter of automobile plates, the function of which is to notify traffic officers and others that the driver, or owner, is a medical man—presumably, has just been seen in Boston. It is circular, and a little larger than the caduceus. The upper circle shows the words,Osteopathic Physician; the lower circle, the words,Right of Way. In addition, a foot or so lower, rests the now so much abused green cross. In due time, presumably, will arrive distinctive plates for the chiropractor, the Christian science healer, and the rest of the group.
Did Residual Normality ever have a chance?
Authors: Susan C. Levine, Terry Regier, Tracy L. Solomon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Thomas &amp; Karmiloff-Smith (T&amp;K-S) show that the assumption of residual normality (RN) does not hold in connectionist simulations, and argue that RN has been inappropriately applied to childhood disorders. We agree. However, we suggest that the RN hypothesis may never have been fully viable, either empirically or computationally.
Pten deletion in RIP-Cre neurons protects against type 2 diabetes by activating the anti-inflammatory reflex
Authors: Linyuan Wang, Darren Opland, Sue Tsai, Cynthia T Luk, Stephanie A Schroer, Margaret B Allison, Andrew J Elia, Caren Furlonger, Akira Suzuki, Christopher J Paige, Tak W Mak, Daniel A Winer, Martin G Myers, Minna Woo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Long-Term, High-Dose Glucocorticoids and Bone Mineral Content in Childhood Glucocorticoid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Mary B. Leonard, Harold I. Feldman, Justine Shults, Babette S. Zemel, Bethany J. Foster, Virginia A. Stallings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation, impair growth, and induce obesity. We determined the effects of long-term treatment with glucocorticoids on bone mineral content in children with glucocorticoid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, a disorder with minimal known independent effects on bone.We performed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the whole body and spine in 60 children and adolescents with the nephrotic syndrome and 195 control subjects. We used linear regression analysis of log-transformed values to compare the bone mineral content in patients with that in controls.Patients had received an average of 23,000 mg of glucocorticoids and were shorter (P=0.008) and had a greater body-mass index (P<0.001) than controls. The bone mineral content of the spine, adjusted for bone area, age, sex, degree of maturation (Tanner stage), and race, did not differ significantly between patients and controls (ratio, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.02; P=0.51). After adjustment for the z score for body-mass index, the bone mineral content of the spine was significantly lower in patients than in controls (0.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.99; P=0.01). Whole-body bone mineral content, adjusted for height, age, sex, degree of maturation, and race, was significantly higher in patients than in controls (ratio, 1.11; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.18; P<0.001); however, the addition of the z score for body-mass index to the model eliminated the association with the nephrotic syndrome (ratio, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.94 to 1.03; P=0.55).Intermittent treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids during growth does not appear to be associated with deficits in the bone mineral content of the spine or whole body relative to age, bone size, sex, and degree of maturation. Glucocorticoid-induced increases in body-mass index were associated with increased whole-body bone mineral content and maintenance of the bone mineral content of the spine.
The removal of mercury from dental-operatory wastewater by polymer treatment.
Authors: E D Pederson, M E Stone, V G Ovsey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The mercury (Hg) content of dental-operatory wastewater has become an issue in many localities, and Hg removal is rapidly becoming a matter of concern for all dental clinics. This preliminary study tested the efficacy of polymers for the removal of Hg contaminants from the dental-unit wastewater stream. Two commercially available polymers were used to treat dental-operatory wastewater. Used separately, each polymer removed from 74.9% to 88.4% of the Hg from dental-wastewater supernatant. The polymers used in combination, within the recommended pH range, removed up to 99.9% of the total Hg from dental-wastewater supernatant. The estimated optimal concentration of the two polymers is approximately 2.33 ml of each per liter of waste, and more than 90% of the Hg may be removed with 0.13 ml/l. Results indicate that a combination of the two polymers may sufficiently reduce Hg levels to allow discharge of clarified supernatants into public sewer systems.