tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstetrics: A Text-Book for the Use of Students and Practitioners
Authors: Bernard A. Eskin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<b>Williams Obstetrics</b>, by F. Gary Cunningham, Paul C. MacDonald, Norman F. Gant, Kenneth J. Leveno, Larry C. Gilstrap III, Gary D. V. Hankins, and Steven L. Clark, 20th ed, 1448 pp, with illus, $115, ISBN 0-8385-9638-X, Stamford, Conn, Appleton &amp; Lange, 1997. <b>Study Guide for Williams Obstetrics</b>, by Larry C. Gilstrap III, Susan M. Cox, Alvin L. Brekken, and F. Gary Cunningham, 20th ed, 270 pp, paper, $55, ISBN 0-8385-9641-x, Stamford, Conn, Appleton &amp; Lange, 1997. Many textbooks in the various specialties have gained historical significance as we approach the millennium, since so much growth in each major specialty has occurred during this century. Obstetrics and reproductive medicine have been particularly vigorous. For this reason surviving textbooks of "midwifery" have required numerous revisions to describe and define the level of clinical care available. The first edition of this textbook was written in 1903 by John Whitridge Williams, then professor of
Experience in Clinical Lung Transplantation
Authors: Frank J. Veith, Spencer K. Koerner, Jack W. C. Hagstrom, Lari Attai, Allan Bloomberg, Elliot Jacobson, Hideo Nagashima, Scott J. Boley, Marvin L. Gliedman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Observations on two patients who received single lung allografts indicate that one transplanted lung can provide total gas exchange while carrying virtually the entire cardiac output at tolerable pulmonary-artery pressures (18 to 19 mm Hg), and that human lung allograft rejection can be reversed with corticosteroid treatment. Although the remaining emphysematous lung in one patient had high vascular resistance, compliance, and expiratory airway resistance, it appears that the resulting ventilation-perfusion imbalances did not produce serious respiratory insufficiency until allograft rejection further impaired transplant ventilation. Thus, better immunosuppression, rather than bilateral procedures, is a pressing need in lung transplantation.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 is expressed in different types of congenital ichthyosis:<i>in vivo</i>evidence for its cross-linking into the cornified cell envelope by transglutaminase-1
Authors: V. Oji, M.E. Oji, N. Adamini, T. Walker, K. Aufenvenne, M. Raghunath, H. Traupe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), a regulatory serpin of the plasminogen activator (PA) system, has been described as a potential component of the cornified cell envelope (CE). Protease inhibitors are essential for skin homeostasis and in particular for the regulation of the desquamation process. Therefore, an aberrant expression of PAI-2 could be involved in the pathogenesis of certain cornification disorders. Objectives Evaluation of the expression of PAI-2 in different types of congenital ichthyosis, especially in lamellar ichthyosis/nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (LI/NCIE) and in Netherton syndrome (NTS). Demonstration of the functional relationship between PAI-2 and transglutaminase (TGase)-1. Patients and methods Using immunohistochemistry we evaluated cryosections from individuals suffering from LI/NCIE (n = 67), NTS (n = 6), ichthyosis–follicularis–atrichia–photophobia syndrome (n = 2) and Harlequin ichthyosis (n = 1) in comparison with psoriasis vulgaris and healthy skin. Moreover, we assessed the respective TGase-1 activity and the presence of TGase-1 protein. A functional assay was developed to elucidate whether PAI-2 is a substrate for TGase-1. Results PAI-2 is expressed in different types of congenital ichthyosis and there is a strong correlation between TGase-1 activity and PAI-2 protein signal. Double staining revealed a strong colocalization of TGase-1 activity and PAI-2 protein. The epidermal incorporation of the specific PAI-2 peptide containing a TGase binding site revealed a strong pericellular staining in the stratum granulosum in healthy skin. In contrast, TGase-1-deficient skin showed only a lamellar staining in the stratum corneum. Conclusions We provide in vivo evidence that PAI-2 is a substrate of TGase-1. The normal expression of PAI-2 in a large group of TGase-1-proficient LI/NCIE patients makes it rather unlikely that PAI-2 alone is a primary molecular cause of LI/NCIE.
Bad medicine: the rise of duloxetine
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I like to understand how things work. Complexity makes me wary because it often conceals a lack of understanding. We are told that medicine is incredibly complex yet paradoxically we offer the crude simplicity of drug interventions. Some drugs are used in multiple conditions, and this so called indication creep broadens pharmaceutical companies’ potential for profit—certainly good business if not good medicine.⇑

Duloxetine is such a drug and the number four top seller, with projected sales of $4bn (£2.4bn; €2.9) in the United States this year.1 It is licensed for depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, and incontinence. Its …
A CASE OF HUMAN INTESTINAL MYIASIS
Authors: J. F. D. Shrewsbury
Journal: BMJ (1930)

Reports of cases of myiasis?infestation with fly larvae? arc infrequent in the medical literature of this country. Possibly the incidence of infestation is higher than the published reports suggest, especially in regard to intestinal myiasis, since in those cases in which larvae are only present in small numbers the condition may pass unrecognized. The case here reported is that of a little girl, aged 3 years, a doctor's daughter. The child suddenly developed a mild enteritis, which began with an attack of vomiting and persisted for about a fortnight. During this period her father noticed, on two separate occasions, a single hi ira in her motions. Eventually, some three weeks after the onset of her illness, two more larvae were found in the chamber one morning, immediately after the child had urinated. No faeces were passed on this occasion, but, in view of the previous findings, the larvae were most prob ably passed per anum. There were never any symptoms of the urethral or vaginal irritation that would certainly have accompanied the presence of fly larvae in the urethra or the vagina. No more larvae were evacuated, and the child made a speedy and complete recovery from her enteritis.
Immediate‐type heat urticaria: report of a case and study of plasma histamine release
Authors: None Baba, None Nomura, None Hanada, None Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We report a 68-year-old man who had immediate-type heat urticaria with systemic symptoms. Immersing his hand in water at 42 degrees C (heat challenge test) produced an urticarial response, with an increase in the plasma histamine level from 0.26 to 7.64 ng/mL. Administration of oral antihistamines alone did not suppress either the urticarial response or the increase in plasma histamine. However, a combination of antihistamines and desensitization improved the skin lesions and reduced the plasma histamine level. The heat challenge test subsequently provoked a negative response and there was no increase in plasma histamine level 3 months after starting the combination therapy. These results indicate that the histamine level reflected the result of the heat challenge test and the amelioration of the skin eruption.
Notes of a Case of Sclerotitis, Apparently of Dental Origin
Authors: J. Hern
Journal: BMJ (1889)

tages and shortcomings woutld be more clearly recognised by all.-Dr. LITTLE (Manchester) said the subject of cataract extraction was a wide one, and hewould only refer to a fewpoints.Hewas oneof those who were brought up in the iridectomy school, and followed the the teachings of Graefe.He had a large experience in extraction with iridectomy, and had always obtained excellent results, equally good to any statistics hitherto recorded by other opera- tors.He was not therefore disposed to substitute any other
Medicaid Revisited — Skirmishes over a Vast Public Enterprise
Authors: John K Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The author describes new Medicaid policies signed into law on February 8, 2006, as part of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. This act permits states to impose more cost-sharing on beneficiaries, reduce benefits, and deny nursing home benefits to persons with substantial equity in their homes.
Learning landmarks and routes in multi-floored buildings
Authors: Alain Berthoz, Guillaume Thibault
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Existing studies have proposed that humans preferentially memorize buildings as a collection of floors. Yet this might stem from the fact that environments were also explored by floors. We have studied this potential bias with a learning and recognition experiment. We have detected a positive influence of the learning route – by floors, and also crucially by columns – on spatial memory performances.
AB1022 Osteoporosis is associated with chronic liver disease
Authors: L. Mnif, M. Medhioub, L. Chtourou, M. Boudabbous, A. Amouri, N. Tahri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Bone manifestations are well-known extra hepatic complication of chronic liver disease. The prevalence of osteoporosis among patients with chronic liver diseases ranges from 10% to 60%. <h3>Objectives</h3> the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in patients with chronic liver disease. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was carried out in 60 patients with viral hepatitis B, C and primary biliary cirrhosis (PCB).Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm) was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was diagnosed when BMD was 2.5 standard deviations below the mean peak value in young adults (T score, 22.5 SD). Patients with other pathology that may change the bone metabolism were excluded. <h3>Results</h3> Sixty patients (29 women and 31 men) were included in our study, with a mean age of 51.2 years (19-82 years). Thirteen patients had PBC (21.7%), thirteen suffering from hepatitis C (21.7%) and thirty four had hepatitis B (56.7%). Cirrhosis was found in 36.7% of patients (Child A: n=6, child B: n=10, Child C: n=6). No patient was taking calcium supplements, six of them had a history of fractures, and only four had a family history of osteoporosis. Eighteen patients had osteoporosis (30%), eighteen had osteopenia (30%) and 24 patients had normal bone density. Osteoporosis was found in 27% of patients with hepatitis B, 30% of patients with hepatitis C and in 70% of patients with PBC. The bone loss was associated with advanced age (54.5±12, 87 VS 46.2±16 years, p=0.03), with a low body mass index (23.6±4,7 vs 26,67±6 kg/m 2, p=0.0038) and with a low albumin levels (33.6±6 vs 38.2±5.36 g/l, p=0.004). It was also significantly associated with the presence of esophageal varices (p=0.02) and PBC (p=0.04). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Osteoporosis is effectively a complication of chronic liver disease. Cholestasis in addition to advanced age, low body mass index, low albumin level and the presence of esophageal varices are risk factors of osteoporosis in chronic liver disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Tracie C. Collins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 May 2003Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis and TreatmentTracie C. Collins, MD, MPHTracie C. Collins, MD, MPHDivision of General Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-10-200305200-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Coffman JD and Eberhardt RT, eds. 356 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 2003. $129.50. ISBN 1588290522. Order phone 973-256-1699.Field of medicine: Vascular disease.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Internists and clinical researchers who want to improve their knowledge of arterial occlusive disease.Purpose: To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and most up-to-date treatment of arterial occlusive disease.Content: The book is divided into 19 chapters. The first 14 chapters focus on prevalence, natural history, and treatment options for patients with atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and arteries of the lower extremities, the most common form of arterial occlusive disease. One chapter ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of General Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 May 2003Volume 138, Issue 10Page: 856KeywordsGene therapyMedical risk factorsNatural history of diseasePatientsPopulation statisticsRacial and ethnic issuesSoftware toolsVascular diseasesVascular insufficiencyVascular medicine ePublished: 20 May 2003 Issue Published: 20 May 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Allergic contact sensitizing chemicals as environmental carcinogens.
Authors: R E Albert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Chemicals that were bioassayed by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and that also produce allergic dermatitis (ACD) in humans were evaluated for their tumorigenic characteristics. The impetus for the study was that most contact sensitizers, i.e., those that produce ACD, and genotoxic carcinogens are chemically similar in that they are electrophilic, thereby producing adducts on macromolecules including protein and DNA. This similarity in chemical behavior suggests that many contact sensitizers might be environmental carcinogens. All of the published NTP bioassays by early 1996 that had both genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies were included in this analysis. The NTP chemicals had been chosen for bioassay without regard to their ability to produce ACD. Of the 209 chemicals that were bioassayed, there were 36 (17%) that were known to be human contact sensitizers; about half of these were positive on tumor bioassays. The contact sensitizers differed from the NTP sample as a whole by having a proportionately larger number of nongenotoxic chemicals by the Ames Salmonella assay, presumably because more of them were selected on the basis of widespread usage rather than structural resemblance to known carcinogens. Compared to the nongenotoxic chemicals, the genotoxics were stronger carcinogens in that they had a higher incidence of positive tumor bioassays, with twice the number of organs in which tumors were induced. The nongenotoxic chemicals had a preference for tumor induction in parenchymal tissues in contrast to epithelial tissues. The contact sensitizers showed essentially the same characteristics as the whole NTP sample when stratified according to genotoxicity. Judging by the chemicals that were chosen primarily for their widespread use rather than for their structural resemblance to carcinogens, the addition of a test for contact sensitization to the Ames test as a screening tool would increase the tumorigenic detection efficiency by about 40% because of the nongenotoxic tumorigens. A ballpark estimate suggests that there could be several thousand contact sensitizers for humans in commercial use that are rodent tumorigens.
Physiological modeling of toxicokinetic interactions: implications for mixture risk assessment.
Authors: S Haddad, K Krishnan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Most of the available data on chemical interactions have been obtained in animal studies conducted by administering high doses of chemicals by routes and scenarios different from anticipated human exposures. A mechanistic approach potentially useful for conducting dose, scenario, species, and route extrapolations of toxic interactions is physiological modeling. This approach involves the development of mathematical descriptions of the interrelationships among the critical determinants of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. The mechanistic basis of the physiological modeling approach not only enables the species, dose, route, and scenario extrapolations of the occurrence of toxicokinetic interactions but also allows the extrapolation of the occurrence of interactions from binary to multichemical mixtures. Examples are presented to show the feasibility of predicting changes in toxicokinetics of the components of complex chemical mixtures based on the incorporation of binary interaction data within physiologically based models. Interactions-based mixture risk assessment can be performed by simulating the change in the tissue dose of the toxic moiety of each mixture component during combined exposures and calculating the risk associated with each tissue dose estimate using a tissue dose versus response curve for all components. The use of such a mechanistic approach should facilitate the evaluation of the magnitude and relevance of chemical interactions in assessing the risks of low-level human exposures to complex chemical mixtures.
Predisposing factors in infants and children up to the age of 3 for the presentation with either wheezy or simple bronchitis
Authors: Johannes Forster, Gabi Ihorst, Julia Bittscheid, Sigrid Hameister, Miriam Posselt, Isabelle Kambeck, Heidrun Gurth, Verena Legner, Angela Rohwedder, Gudula Petersen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
THE RECONDITIONING AND REHABILITATING PROGRAM IN ARMY HOSPITALS
Authors: WALTER E. BARTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

Out of the renewed interest in the convalescent hospital patient brought about by the necessities of war, it may be anticipated that increased attention will be given in civilian practice after the war to reconditioning. The reconditioning program begins at the moment convalescence begins while the patient is still in bed. A planned program of physical fitness training, of educational reconditioning and of recreation has been instituted in all army hospitals. An occupational therapy program stressing masculine interests, new activities and useful work has been developed and coordinated with physical therapy and remedial exercise under medical supervision. Patients are removed from the overprotecting sympathy and sickbed atmosphere of the hospital as soon as possible and segregated in a Reconditioning Unit to continue their convalescence. Progressive physical training, education and recreation are planned to direct attention from disability and illness to healthy activities that promote physical and mental fitness. Rehabilitation, which has as its objective the retraining of individuals to overcome the handicaps of disabilities, the development of self reliance and social adjustment and placement in useful work assignment, is largely the responsibility of other government agencies. The medical department of the Army can undertake the beginnings of such rehabilitation simultaneously with medical and surgical treatments. Rehabilitation programs of the blind, the deafened and the amputee were briefly presented.
The Influence of Sex on Efficacy, Adverse Events, Quality of Life, and Delivery of Treatment in National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Trials
Authors: Paul Wheatley-Price, Aurélie Le Maître, Keyue Ding, Natasha Leighl, Vera Hirsh, Lesley Seymour, Andrea Bezjak, Frances A. Shepherd
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
A STUDY OF THE DIAGNOSES IN CASES SEEN AT THE PSYCHOPATHIC DEPARTMENT AND HOSPITAL DEPARTMENT OF THE BOSTON STATE HOSPITAL
Authors: LAWSON G. LOWREY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1921)

1. Forty per cent of the yearly admissions to the Psychopathic Department are committed to some one of the state hospitals. 2. In 1203 cases we have ascertained the diagnosis made by the other institution, together with notes concerning the condition of the patient. 3. An average of 6 per cent of cases receive no diagnosis at the Psychopathic. Excluding these, the diagnoses of other institutions agree with ours in 83 per cent of cases. 4. Of the transferred cases, 41.6 per cent received a diagnosis of dementia precox—the other institutions agreeing in 89 per cent; 13.3 per cent were diagnosed manic depressive, with agreement of 82 per cent; and 13 per cent were cases of all forms of neurosyphilis, with agreement in 98 per cent. 5. In 8 per cent of the cases the other institution disagreed on first or second report, but eventually made a diagnosis agreeing with ours. 6. Accordingly "general impressions" of our diagnostic errors are not borne out by these figures. 7. Thirty-nine per cent of the transfers were to the Hospital Department of the Boston State Hospital. 8. Excluding 31 unclassified cases, the hospital staff agreed with us in 84 per cent of cases, although in 50 cases they did not at first do so. 9. The common causes of errors in diagnosis are: (1) insufficient data, either of history or observation; (2) too great stress on one or two symptoms, particularly certain spinal fluid findings; (3) insufficient stressing of important symptoms; (4) multiplicity of signs; (5) changes in general picture of psychosis; (6) failures of interpretation. 10. The necessity for complete analysis from every possible angle is accordingly emphasized, as well as the necessity for careful and orderly interpretation of the data when procured. 11. Extensive and intensive consideration of the individual case is the great desideratum. 12. Since, with a good working technique, diagnoses can be so easily determined in all except the unusual cases, we can pay more attention to treatment than is now usually the case; at the same time bringing to bear on each case all modern methods, laboratory or other, which will aid in understanding the processes of disease.
Plasma Renin Activity in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: J. J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The recent Clinical Science communications by Conn et al<sup>1</sup>and Conn<sup>2</sup>contain errors of both fact and interpretation, on some of which we wish to comment. Of a patient we described<sup>3-5</sup>with hypertension, measurably low plasma renin concentration, and overproduction of aldosterone following renal artery reconstruction, Dr. Conn remarks, "in view of our results (Conn, et al, 1964), one would suggest that, at that time [1963], the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism could have been made." Our earlier statement<sup>3</sup>that "this combination [ie, hypertension, overproduction of aldosterone, and low plasma renin] might be anticipated in patients with aldosteronism due to primary abnormalities in the adrenal glands," and the subsequent confirmation of this prediction in such cases,<sup>6,7</sup>precludes major disagreement on this point. However, of the same patient's investigations Dr. Conn remarks, "it would seem wise to look for the [adrenal] tumor, especially when
Tc-99m HIDA Hepatobiliary Agent in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: PEI-WEN WANG, DAR-IN TAI, HUE-YONG CHEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Twelve patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules were studied with Tc-99m HIDA imaging. Lung scanning was performed 1,2,3, 4, and 5 hours after administration of 6 mCi of Tc-99m HIDA with a preset count format of 400 K. In two patients, pulmonary uptake was clearly seen at 1 hour; in the other two patients, uptake could not be detected until 3 hours later. The overall detection rate of 33% suggests that Tc-99m HIDA has limited usefulness as a routine diagnostic tool in the detection of hepatoma metastases. The uptake may include both specific and nonspecific mechanisms.