tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human intestinal epithelial cells secrete interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-8 but not interleukin-1 or interleukin-6
Authors: R Daig
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> There is growing evidence that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are involved in the mucosal immune system. <h3>AIM</h3> To assess the pattern of cytokines secreted by IECs and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNCs). To achieve this, the expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, and IL-8 in human primary colonic and ileal IECs and LPMNCs from the same patient were studied. <h3>METHODS</h3> IECs and LPMNCs were isolated from surgical specimens or endoscopic biopsy samples. mRNA expression was investigated by northern blot analysis. Secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1ra was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. <h3>RESULTS</h3> IL-1ra mRNA levels were higher in IECs than in LPMNCs in all probands. IL-8 mRNA was only present in low amounts in the IECs from two controls. In none of the specimens were IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA present in IECs. Transcripts encoding IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, and IL-8 were identified in LPMNC preparations of all specimens. IECs from normal mucosa produced no detectable amounts of IL-1β or IL-6, whereas LPMNCs did. IECs secreted some IL-8 (65 (9) pg/10<sup>5</sup> cells) but significantly more was generated by LPMNCs (408 (43) pg/10<sup>5</sup> cells, p&lt;0.0001). However, IECs secreted more IL-1ra than did LPMNCs (120 (12) <i>v</i> 94 (11) pg/10<sup>5</sup> cells). In acute inflammation, IEC IL-1ra secretion was significantly increased. A correlation between secreted IL-1ra and the macroscopical degree of inflammation was found in Crohn9s disease (<i>r</i> = 0.64, p&lt;0.0001, n = 36) and ulcerative colitis (<i>r</i> = 0.76, p&lt;0.0001, n = 24). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> IECs from normal mucosa express and secrete IL-1ra and low amounts of IL-8, but no IL-1 or IL-6. In inflamed mucosa the secretion of IL-1ra by IECs is slightly increased but may be not sufficient to antagonise the greatly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by LPMNCs and the IECs themselves.
Different versions of Glasgow coma scale in British hospitals: Distinction must be made between real clinical condition and numbers
Authors: S. J Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We disagree with Wiese that the universal use of the revised 15 point Glasgow coma scale is the panacea to solve the recurrent problems communicating with local neurosurgical units.1–3

We believe that much of the difficulty and confusion is due to assigning a …
A large sample of finnish diabetic sib-pairs reveals no evidence for a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus susceptibility locus at 2qter.
Authors: S Ghosh, E R Hauser, V L Magnuson, T Valle, D S Ally, Z E Karanjawala, J B Rayman, J I Knapp, A Musick, J Tannenbaum, C Te, W Eldridge, S Shapiro, T Musick, C Martin, A So, A Witt, J B Harvan, R M Watanabe, W Hagopian, J Eriksson, S J Nylund, K Kohtamaki, E Tuomilehto-Wolf, M Boehnke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

In the first reported positive result from a genome scan for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), Hanis et al. found significant evidence of linkage for NIDDM on chromosome 2q37 and named the putative disease locus NIDDM1 (Hanis et al. 1996. Nat. Genet. 13:161-166). Their total sample was comprised of 440 Mexican-American affected sib-pairs from 246 sibships. The strongest evidence for linkage was at marker D2S125 and best estimates of lambdas (risk to siblings of probands/population prevalence) using this marker were 1.37 under an additive model and 1.36 under a multiplicative model. We examined this chromosomal region using linkage analysis in a Finnish sample comprised of 709 affected sib-pairs from 472 sibships. We excluded this region in our sample (multipoint logarithm of odds score </= -2) for lambdas >/= 1.37. We discuss possible reasons why linkage to 2q37 was not found and conclude that this region is unlikely to be playing a major role in NIDDM susceptibility in the Finnish Caucasian population.
Cryptogenic Drop Attacks: An Affliction of Women
Authors: D. L. Stevens, W. B. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A drop attack was defined as falling without warning, not apparently due to any malfunction of the legs, not induced by change of posture or movement of the head, and not accompanied by vertigo or other cephalic sensation. All 33 patients attending a neurological clinic with a primary complaint fulfilling these criteria were women, and a further seven examples were found by questioning 200 consecutive patients at a gynaecological clinic. No affected male was found.In all but one patient, falls occurred only when walking. They were not due to wearing high-heeled shoes. The average age at onset was 44.5 years and in younger women onset was often during pregnancy. The accepted causes of drop attacks were not found with certainty in any of these patients. The sex incidence and the circumstances of the falls suggest that the cause may lie in differences between the two sexes in the mechanism of walking rather than in any central disturbance. Drop attacks in women commonly occur as an isolated symptom for many years, and although distressing have no serious prognostic implications.
Interrelationship between splenic and superior mesenteric venous circulation manifested by transient splenic arterial occlusion using a balloon catheter
Authors: Osamu Nishida, Fuminori Moriyasu, Takefumi Nakamura, Nobuyuki Ban, Kensuke Miura, Masahiko Sakai, Haruto Uchino, Takeo Miyake
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

We examined the hemodynamic changes induced by transient splenic arterial occlusion using a balloon catheter to investigate the hemodynamic effect of transcatheter splenic arterial embolization--a procedure that has been used since its introduction in 1973 as therapy for hypersplenism and more recently for portal hypertension. The blood flow volume was measured in 20 patients with liver disease using an ultrasonic duplex system (Toshiba SAL50A/SDL-01A). The portal venous pressure was also measured via a 3F catheter using a transducer. The catheter was placed in position by substituting it for a 25-gauge needle that had been inserted into the portal vein under ultrasonic guidance percutaneously and transhepatically. Splenic arterial occlusion caused a drop in splenic venous blood flow from 708 +/- 487 to 241 +/- 155 ml per min, in portal venous blood flow from 993 +/- 439 to 807 +/- 419 ml per min and in portal venous pressure from 17.4 +/- 7.2 to 14.4 +/- 6.1 mm Hg. The latter two reductions were less than expected from the decrease in the splenic venous blood flow volume. This phenomenon was caused by an increase in the mesenteric venous blood flow from 475 +/- 126 to 630 +/- 270 mm per min. This increase may be due to a compensatory mechanism under the control of a regulatory loop in the liver or portal vein, and there seems to be a relationship between splenic and intestinal circulation in portal hypertension that maintains hepatic circulation.
The Physically Handicapped Physician
Authors: Stanley F. Wainapel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue ofThe Journal(1982;248:877), Dr Nancy Roeske dealt sensitively and informatively with the problem of the visually impaired physician. Her statement that loss of eyesight is not synonymous with loss of medical knowledge was a particularly cogent one. A valuable resource for the physician with a visual or other physical handicap has recently come into existence—The American Society of Handicapped Physicians (ASHP). The ASHP was founded by Dr Spencer B. Lewis, a family practitioner who, although he became blind as a result of diabetic retinopathy, continued an active practice until his untimely death on April 6,1982. Ironically, the organization he had conceived and nurtured was officially recognized by the state of Louisiana only nine days after his death. The goals of the ASHP include advocacy, support, education, and rehabilitation services for the physician who has a physical handicap. We estimate that there are
143. Regulated, High Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Mediated Long-Term Gene Expression in the Brain Even in the Presence of a Peripheral Immune Response to Adenovirus
Authors: Weidong Xiong, Shyam Goverdhana, James F. Curtin, Carlos Barcia-Gonzalez, Jeffrey M. Zirger, Gwendalyn D. King, Sandra A. Sciascia, Mariana Puntel, Marianela Candolfi, Donna Palmer, Philip Ng, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria G. Castro
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

For gene therapy of chronic neurological disorders, vector systems should allow long-term transduction of brain cells in the complete absence of undesirable long-term side-effects. We have engineered a novel regulatable system consisting of a tetracycline-dependent reverse-transactivator, rtTA2S-M2, in combination with Tet-repressor, tTSKid, under the control of either the major immediate early human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) promoter or murine (mCMV) promoter, encoded within high capacity, helper-dependent adenovirus vectors (HC-Adv). We assessed inducibility, leakiness and time course of expression in-vitro and in-vivo within the central nervous system (CNS). We also assessed cell-type specific expression within neurons and glial cells, and the efficiency of the regulatable vectors in the presence of a systemic immune response to adenovirus. HC-Adv vectors, i.e., STK120mBM [pSTK120m (TRE-|[beta]|-Gal-pA)-(mCMV pr.-rtTA2S-M2-IRES-tTSKid-pA)-Kanamycin] and STK120hBM [pSTK120.1 (TRE-|[beta]|-Gal-pA)-(hCMV pr.-rtTA2S-M2-IRES-tTSKid-pA)-Kanamycin] were injected into the striatum of rat brains at 1|[times]|107 blue forming units. Twenty-four hours prior to injection, the rats were given drinking water with 2 mg/ml doxycycline (Dox) and 1% sucrose, or 1% sucrose only. At the appropriate time points, rats were perfused and brains were post-fixed in 4% PFA for 3 days and vibratome sectioned for immunohistochemistry. Assessment of transgene expression levels in vivo revealed higher potency of the mCMV driven TetOn switch when compared to the hCMV driven switch in the presence of Dox. Both mCMV and hCMV encoded regulatable switches produced negligible gene expression levels in the absence of Dox. Our results demonstrate that the rtTA2S-M2 transactivator in conjunction with IRES and tTSKid transcriptional silencer displays strong and stringent induction kinetics with negligible basal activity in the uninduced state; in vivo data show stringent regulation kinetics of |[beta]|-Galactosidase expression with co-localization of |[beta]|-Galactosidase within MAP-2 (neurons) and GFAP (astrocytes) immunoreactive cells in the striatum; expression of |[beta]|-Galactosidase was dependent on the concentration of Dox and the time after HC-Adv administration. Regulated, long-term transduction in the CNS was attained even in the presence of a systemic immune response to adenovirus as could be encountered in human patients, making HC-Adv vectors very attractive for CNS gene therapy.
The Effects of Particulate Matter Sources on Daily Mortality: A Case-Crossover Study of Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Bart Ostro, Aurelio Tobias, Xavier Querol, Andrés Alastuey, Fulvio Amato, Jorge Pey, Noemí Pérez, Jordi Sunyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Dozens of studies link acute exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution with premature mortality and morbidity, but questions remain about which species and sources in the vast PM mixture are responsible for the observed health effects. Although a few studies exist on the effects of species and sources in U.S. cities, European cities-which have a higher proportion of diesel engines and denser urban populations-have not been well characterized. Information on the effects of specific sources could aid in targeting pollution control and in articulating the biological mechanisms of PM.Our study examined the effects of various PM sources on daily mortality for 2003 through 2007 in Barcelona, a densely populated city in the northeast corner of Spain.Source apportionment for PM ≤ 2.5 μm and ≤ 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5 and PM10) using positive matrix factorization identified eight different factors. Case-crossover regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of each factor.Several sources of PM2.5, including vehicle exhaust, fuel oil combustion, secondary nitrate/organics, minerals, secondary sulfate/organics, and road dust, had statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Also, in some cases relative risks for a respective interquartile range increase in concentration were higher for specific sources than for total PM2.5 mass.These results along with those from our multisource models suggest that traffic, sulfate from shipping and long-range transport, and construction dust are important contributors to the adverse health effects linked to PM.
People without health insurance in New York State.
Authors: M. R. Chassin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

choose not to spend their money on private dentistry, with others not being able to afford to do so.The fact that most dentists are no longer prepared to take on new NHS patients will have the most impact on those with limited incomes, who will now have to wait many weeks and travel considerable distances to be seen.Is it appropriate to target the least well off in society, who anyway have little political influence?If dentists are concerned about their income and wish to protest, surely an alternative would be to increase charges to private patients.Certainly this would have commanded greater respect than their present action has done.
Twin–Twin Transfusion — As Good as It Gets?
Authors: Nicholas M. Fisk, Paula Galea
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome poses a major challenge for fetal therapy. Untreated, it results in inordinate perinatal mortality and morbidity. It affects two babies, both of whom are structurally normal. Because the connections mediating intertwin transfusion lie on the placental surface, they should be amenable to therapeutic interruption.Although all monochorionic twins have vascular anastomoses and thus intertwin transfusion, the clinical syndrome develops in only 15 percent. This results in midtrimester discordance in amniotic-fluid levels and growth between the twins, with signs of hypovolemia and uteroplacental insufficiency in the donor and hypervolemia and cardiac dysfunction in the recipient (Figure 1). . . .
Computer programmes for the medical man: a solution.
Authors: M. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The application of electronic computers to medical problems offers roseate visions, which the experts are busily working towards.Even ordinary medical research workers and clini- cians are beginning to understand some of the possibilities, and a few of them are even beginning to think that these machines might be of help to them in their everyday work.Unfortunately, when they try to find out something about the practical use of electronic computers they come up against difficulties.This is true even for those who are acquainted with programmers, or can get in touch with computing installations.It is the purpose of this paper to give an account of these difficulties and to provide a solution.How a Computer Works A digital computer is a device for manipulating symbols.
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance does not seem to predict response to telaprevir in chronic hepatitis C in the REALIZE trial
Authors: Zobair Younossi, Francesco Negro, Lawrence Serfaty, Stanislas Pol, Moises Diago, Stefan Zeuzem, Pietro Andreone, Eric J. Lawitz, Stuart Roberts, Roberto Focaccia, Graham R. Foster, Andrzej Horban, Isabelle Lonjon-Domanec, Bruce Coate, Ralph DeMasi, Gaston Picchio, James Witek
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Baseline homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a marker for insulin resistance, has been associated with poor virologic response to peginterferon alpha/ribavirin (PR) in chronic hepatitis C. We evaluated the association between baseline HOMA-IR and pretreatment factors on sustained virologic response (SVR) to telaprevir (TVR) in genotype 1 patients with hepatitis C and prior peginterferon/ribavirin (PR) treatment failure. Patients were randomized to 12 weeks of TVR (750 mg q8h) plus peginterferon (180 μg/week) and ribavirin (1,000-1,200 mg/day) (with or without a 4-week lead-in) followed by PR, or PR alone (PR48), for 48 weeks. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses explored the prognostic significance of baseline HOMA-IR alone and adjusted for other pretreatment factors and SVR. The TVR arms were pooled for the purposes of this analysis. In all, 662 patients were randomized; 578 had baseline HOMA-IR and other prognostic data and were included in this analysis. Median baseline HOMA-IR was 2.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.7-4.3); 207 (36%), 206 (36%), and 165 (29%) patients had baseline HOMA-IR <2, 2 to <4, and ≥ 4, respectively. Male gender, higher body mass index, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, maximum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, and fibrosis stage were associated with higher baseline HOMA-IR. Baseline HOMA-IR was associated with SVR in univariate analysis, but not after adjustment for other baseline prognostic factors (TVR: OR = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71,1.29; PR48: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.25,1.43).In patients with prior PR treatment failure, baseline HOMA-IR correlated with SVR in univariate but not multivariate analyses, suggesting other factors have a more direct causal relationship with virologic response to TVR-based therapy than HOMA-IR.
Transcriptome Characterization of Estrogen-Treated Human Myocardium Identifies Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Interacting Protein as a Sex-Specific Element Influencing Contractile Function
Authors: Georgios Kararigas, Virginie Bito, Hanna Tinel, Eva Becher, Istvan Baczko, Christoph Knosalla, Barbara Albrecht-Küpper, Karin R. Sipido, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Area, surface, and contour: Psychophysical correlates of three classes of pictorial completion
Authors: Birgitta Dresp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

A simple working taxonomy with three classes of pictorial completion is proposed as an alternative to Pessoa et al.'s classification: area, surface, and contour completion. The classification is based on psychophysical evidence, not on the different phenomenal attributes of the stimuli, showing that pictorial completion is likely to involve mechanistic interactions in the visual system at different levels of processing. Whether the concept of “filling-in” is an appropriate metaphor for the visual mechanisms that may underlie perceptual completion is questioned.
Antitumor Effect of 89Sr for Multiple Bone Metastases of Breast Cancer
Authors: Yukihiro Hama
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

89Sr is useful for the palliation of painful bone metastasis, but its antitumor activity as a monotherapy has not been shown by 18F-FDG PET. Here, we report a case of a 75-year-old woman with multiple bone metastases of breast cancer in which 18F-FDG PET demonstrated a significant reduction in uptake of 18F-FDG after administration of 89Sr.
BLOODLESS VAGINAL MYOMECTOMY.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: OSCAR J. MAYER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Probably no question of abdominal surgery has given rise to more animated discussion and bitter controversy than the treatment of uterine fibroids in all their three varieties—submucous, interstitial and subserous. After electrolysis failed to realize the hopes that were held out to the profession by Apostoli, laparo-myotomy and abdominal hysterectomy were once more eagerly resorted to, and led to many modifications in treating the pedicle so as to avoid hemorrhage and infection. Present indications are that all these methods will soon be discarded for the more correct and ideal operation of removing the uterus<i>in toto</i>. Arrest of growth of the neoplasms was sought by bringing about artificial menopause following oöphorectomy. More recently, ligation of the uterine and ovarian arteries has been recommended to effect atrophy of the growths and uterus. Vaginal enucleation is only applicable to such tumors as either can be pulled through the cervix, or those that
COMPUTER AIDED IMAGE ANALYSIS TO ENHANCE IN VIVO DIAGNOSIS OF PLAQUE EROSION BY INTRAVASCULAR OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Zhao Wang, Haibo Jia, Jinwei Tian, Rocco Vergallo, Tsunenari Soeda, Aaron Aguirre, James Fujimoto, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Efficacy of Percutaneous and Intradermal Skin Tests, and Patch Test to Predict Hypersensitivity to Trimetropin-Sulfametoxazol (TMP-SMX) in Hiv-infected Patients
Authors: P. Mantilla Guevara, D.D. Delgado, G.R. Hernandez Vivas, V. Quintero Parada
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Abstract LB-237: Epigenetic antagonism between Polycomb and SWI/SNF complexes duringoncogenic transformation
Authors: Boris G. Wilson, Xi Wang, Xiaohua Shen, Elizabeth S. McKenna, Madeleine E. Lemieux, Yoon-Jae Cho, Edward C. Koelhoffer, Scott L. Pomeroy, Stuart H. Orkin, Charles W.M Roberts
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract While epigenetic alterations are widely present in cancers, in the context of genomic instability it has been difficult to determine the degree to which epigenetic alterations serve as primary drivers of tumorigenesis. Cancers initiated by mutation of the SNF5 chromatin remodeling subunit, despite being highly aggressive and lethal, are diploid and genomically stable, making them an ideal model for this purpose. SNF5 is a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin complex and is mutated in the large majority of malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT), highly lethal cancers that occur in kidney, brain, and soft tissues of young children. Inactivating mutations in SNF5 have also recently been found to occur in a variety of other cancers and mutations in other SWI/SNF subunits occur frequently in ovarian, endometrial, renal, and lung cancers. Given our findings of genomic stability, we hypothesize that the consequences of SNF5 loss are fundamentally epigenetic in nature; that characterization of the epigenetic changes present in our model systems, rather than in cancers with genome instability, will identify those epigenetic alterations capable of driving oncogenic transformation; and lastly that cancers carrying mutations in the SWI/SNF complex can be effectively treated with epigenetically targeted therapies. Analysis of Drosophila mutants suggests that Polycomb and SWI/SNF complexes can serve antagonistic developmental roles. However, the relevance of this relationship to human disease is unclear. Here we have investigated functional relationships between these epigenetic regulators in oncogenic transformation. Mechanistically, we show that loss of the SNF5 tumor suppressor leads to elevated expression of the Polycomb gene EZH2 and that Polycomb targets are broadly H3K27-trimethylated and repressed in SNF5-deficient fibroblasts and cancers. Further, we show antagonism between SNF5 and EZH2 in the regulation of stem cell-associated programs and that Snf5 loss activates those programs. Finally, using conditional mouse models, we show that inactivation of Ezh2 blocks tumor formation driven by Snf5 loss. Collectively, we demonstrate that the rapid onset of tumor formation following SNF5 loss arises due to imbalanced epigenetic antagonism between the SWI/SNF complex and the Polycomb complex PRC2. Our work reveals essential roles for epigenetic modifications during tumor formation and demonstrates that inactivation of EZH2 can have therapeutic efficacy against cancer in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-237. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-237