tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<b> <i>In Vivo</i> </b> Flow Cytometry
Authors: Irene Georgakoudi, Nicolas Solban, John Novak, William L. Rice, Xunbin Wei, Tayyaba Hasan, Charles P. Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The fate of circulating tumor cells is an important determinant of their ability to form distant metastasis. Here, we demonstrate the use of in vivo flow cytometry as a powerful new method for detecting quantitatively circulating cancer cells. We specifically examine the circulation kinetics of two prostate cancer cell lines with different metastatic potential in mice and rats. We find that the cell line and the host environment affect the circulation kinetics of prostate cancer cells, with the intrinsic cell line properties determining the initial rate of cell depletion from the circulation and the host affecting cell circulation at later time points.
Driving and obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: John Stradling
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Driving is a skill requiring many simultaneous cerebral activities, mainly eye-hand coordination with accurate speed and direction computations.1 This high level of activity requires full concentration, as evidenced by the higher accident rates in those who use mobile phones while driving.2 There is very good evidence that inadequate sleep is an important cause of fatigue-related driving accidents, possibly causing up to 20% of all accidents.3 Most of these sleep-related accidents are due to lifestyle issues such as driving without having had adequate sleep, and happen at times when vigilance is naturally low (eg, in the afternoon and at night).3 Furthermore, accidents are extremely expensive to society, with fatal accidents costing over £1 million.4 For nearly 20 years the part played by sleep disorders—particularly obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)—has been recognised.5 OSA can grossly fragment sleep and produces excessive daytime sleepiness that is likely to cause the increased road traffic accident rates seen in patients with OSA. However, it is not entirely clear what aspects of sleep fragmentation in OSA lead to poorer driving ability: is it just sleepiness and inevitable “microsleeps” at the wheel or is there also general impairment of driving skills including eye-hand coordination such as occurs with excess alcohol? The evidence suggests mixed effects during simulated driving.6

As with arguments over OSA and cardiovascular risk,7 there may be confounders influencing any apparent relationship between OSA and driving accidents. For example, obesity itself is a cause of excessive sleepiness without necessarily the presence of OSA.8 Obesity may influence mechanical aspects of driver ability such as proper scanning of the road (particularly to the sides), as well as fully effective braking and steering in hazardous situations. Other risk factors for OSA such as alcohol consumption may also be important confounders. In …
Defenders of the Race: Jewish Doctors and Race Science in Fin-De-Siècle Europe
Authors: Toby Gelfand
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In 1901 at the Fifth International Zionist Congress, Theodor Herzl's lieutenant, Dr Max Nordau, called for research on Jewish social demography. He is quoted in John Efron's<i>Defenders of the Race</i>: "How many criminals, mentally ill, deaf-mutes, cripples, blind, and epileptics do the Jewish people have?" Supported by impressive erudition drawing on extensive reading, especially in German-language sources, Efron's monograph uncovers a world of scholarship that sought answers to Nordau's questions and many related issues, collectively constituting what Efron calls Jewish race science. Sociological and anthropological research on Jews by Jews began, he shows, as a response to a general climate of late 19th-century science and medicine in which the Jewish race was increasingly viewed as an object of research and, more frequently than not, stereotyped in negative terms. Specifically, the rise of racial anti-Semitism throughout Europe, epitomized in its most violent form by the pogroms in Russia beginning in
Increasing Long-Term Major Vascular Events and Resource Consumption in Patients Receiving Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass
Authors: Shengshou Hu, Zhe Zheng, Xin Yuan, Wei Wang, Yunhu Song, Hansong Sun, Jianping Xu
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Despite its widespread use and short-term efficacy, substantial uncertainty remains about the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB).A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted of 6665 consecutive patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) at our institution during 1999 to 2006. All patients were followed up until September 30, 2008. Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between OPCAB and conventional CABG. The 2 main long-term outcome measures were repeat revascularization and the composite outcome of major vascular events. Cost comparison at 2 years in a propensity-matched sample during follow-up was also a study interest. The overall mean baseline age was 60.3+/-8.6 years, and 17.0% were women. Compared with conventional CABG, patients who underwent OPCAB had lower rates of atrial fibrillation (P=0.003) and requirements for blood transfusion (P=0.03) and ventilation time >24 hours (P<0.001). After an average of 4.5 years of follow-up, the rates of repeat revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.89) and major vascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.39) were significantly higher in the OPCAB than the conventional CABG group. At 2 years, OPCAB was associated with increased additional direct costs per patient compared with conventional CABG and had a similar survival rate.Compared with conventional CABG, OPCAB is associated with small short-term gain but increased long-term risks of repeat revascularization and major vascular events, especially among high-risk patients. Moreover, OPCAB consumes more resources and is less cost-effective in the long run.
503. A Novel Herpes Simplex Virus Helper Based Production of Adeno- Associated Virus Vectors for Treatment of Retinal Angiogenesis
Authors: Guo-jie Ye, Chris Drogemuller, Darby Thomas, Marina Scotti, Wen Kang, David Knop, Sanford Boye, Peter Pechan, James Peterson, William Hauswirth, Abraham Scaria, Samuel Wadsworth
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

AGTC's proprietary rAAV vector production method uses recombinant herpes simplex virus (HSV) as the helper agent for rAAV production. This production method has been demonstrated to be both highly scalable and productive compared to other rAAV production methods such as the transient co-transfection or adenovirus co-infection process. rAAV production by rHSV-1 methodology requires two recombinant HSV-1 vectors, rHSV-1- rep2cap2 which expresses the AAV 2 rep and cap genes, and a second rHSV-1 that contains the therapeutic gene of interest flanked by the AAV-2 inverted terminal repeats. Both rHSV vectors are deleted in an essential gene for HSV replication and hence they are propagated only in a complementing cell line. Here we report the construction and characterization of rHSV-TR-shFlt-1 that contains a novel soluble hybrid version of Flt-1, the receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This novel shFlt-1 is a high-affinity binder of VEGF, a central player in pathologic neovascularization in both wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). To construct rHSV-TR-shFlt-1, a shuttle plasmid containing the expression cassette of sFlt-1 flanked with homologous HSV-1 sequences was first constructed and co-transfected with rHSVd27.1- TR-GFP viral DNA into complementing V27 cells. rHSV-TR-shFlt-1 was screened against the parental rHSV-1-GFP viruses that express fluorescent GFP, and the homologous recombination was further confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Selected rHSV-TR-shFlt-1 clones were propagated through 10 passages and their ability to produce rAAV2-TR-shFlt-1 vector was examined by real-time PCR. The expression level, size, and in-vitro biological activity of sFlt-1 expressed in rAAV2-TR-shFlt-1 transduced cells were determined by ELISA, immunoblot, and the HUVECs proliferation assay respectively. Stability studies indicated that the rHSV-TR-shFlt-1 helpers maintained their ability to produce rAAV comparable to that of the positive control rHSV-1-GFP through 10 passages. Preliminary data from the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model suggests that rAAV2-shFlt-1 derived from rHSV1- TR-shFlt-1 is able to inhibit retinal neovascularization, and there is no significant difference compared to rAAV2-shFlt-1 vector made by the transfection method. To our knowledge this is the first report of the construction and characterization of a recombinant HSV helper virus to produce a rAAV vector encoding a therapeutic gene for inhibition of ocular angiogenesis. Further preclinical evaluation of the AAV2-shFlt-1 is in the process.
Risk of breast cancer in women who attend the NHS breast screening programme: cohort study
Authors: A. G Threlfall, C. B J Woodman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Not all women invited to participate in the NHS breast screening programme will do so; those who do not may differ in their risk of breast cancer from those who do.This "self selection" for screening can result in women at either high or low risk being overrepresented in those screened.A screening programme in which those who attend have a high risk of breast cancer is likely to detect more cancers and be of more benefit to the women screened than a programme with a similar participation rate but no self selection of women at high risk.In the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York (HIP) and Stockholm trials, the incidence of breast cancer in non-attenders was lower than in the control group but no difference was observed in the Edinburgh trial. 1 2 We report, for the first time, the incidence of breast cancer in women who declined to participate in the NHS breast screening programme.
Rationing Human Life
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

What is a human life worth? Is each human life worth the same as every other? Or does the worth of a human life depend on the following: What country, state, county, or city a person lives in? The color of a person's skin, the language spoken, the person's age, gender, or sexual preference? Whether the person: Has an IQ of 150 or less than 50? Is a heart surgeon or a jaundiced newborn? Is a concert violinist or a victim of trisomy 21? Is a star professional quarterback or a quadriplegic? Is a millionaire or is on welfare? Is a mother of five young children or is a convicted rapist? Is a practicing psychologist or an institutionalized schizophrenic? Is a social worker or an active street heroin addict? Is a celebrated ethicist or a functional illiterate? Is primarily productive or primarily consumptive? These questions are being asked and choices
Global left ventricular longitudinal strain is closely associated with increased neurohormonal activation after acute myocardial infarction in patients with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction: a two‐dimensional speckle tracking study
Authors: Mads Ersbøll, Nana Valeur, Ulrik Madvig Mogensen, Mads Andersen, Rasmus Greibe, Jacob Eifer Møller, Christian Hassager, Peter Søgaard, Lars Køber
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Thousands of patients may be being detained illegally
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Department of Health is financing an appeal to the House of Lords against a Court of Appeal ruling last December which means that tens of thousands of mentally incapacitated patients are being detained illegally in hospitals and nursing homes.

The department is also briefing lawyers to intervene in the case on its behalf to outline to the law lords the implications of the appeal court's judgment for the NHS. It is asking for an expedited appeal, but a judgment is not expected before late spring at the earliest.

Three appeal court judges, headed by the Master of …
Psychotherapy of Nazi Victims
Authors: Gustav Dreifuss
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

For 20 years I have been trying to help Nazi victims by psychotherapy. I find that the confrontation with the holocaust by working with the victims during many years, is for the psychotherapist extremely painful and full of stress. Comparing these treatments with other treatments, it may be that beyond the empathy with the personal victim, the patient. I, the Jewish therapist, identify with the fate of the Jewish people. What happened to this patient could have happened to me, to my family, to my friends - and can happen again.
Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
Authors: Cathy E Elks, John R B Perry, Patrick Sulem, Daniel I Chasman, Nora Franceschini, Chunyan He, Kathryn L Lunetta, Jenny A Visser, Enda M Byrne, Diana L Cousminer, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Tõnu Esko, Bjarke Feenstra, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Daniel L Koller, Zoltán Kutalik, Peng Lin, Massimo Mangino, Mara Marongiu, Patrick F McArdle, Albert V Smith, Lisette Stolk, Sophie H van Wingerden, Jing Hua Zhao, Eva Albrecht, Tanguy Corre, Erik Ingelsson, Caroline Hayward, Patrik K E Magnusson, Erin N Smith, Shelia Ulivi, Nicole M Warrington, Lina Zgaga, Helen Alavere, Najaf Amin, Thor Aspelund, Stefania Bandinelli, Inês Barroso, Gerald S Berenson, Sven Bergmann, Hannah Blackburn, Eric Boerwinkle, Julie E Buring, Fabio Busonero, Harry Campbell, Stephen J Chanock, Wei Chen, Marilyn C Cornelis, David Couper, Andrea D Coviello, Pio d'Adamo, Ulf de Faire, Eco J C de Geus, Panos Deloukas, Angela Döring, George Davey Smith, Douglas F Easton, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Valur Emilsson, Johan Eriksson, Luigi Ferrucci, Aaron R Folsom, Tatiana Foroud, Melissa Garcia, Paolo Gasparini, Frank Geller, Christian Gieger, Vilmundur Gudnason, Per Hall, Susan E Hankinson, Liana Ferreli, Andrew C Heath, Dena G Hernandez, Albert Hofman, Frank B Hu, Thomas Illig, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Andrew D Johnson, David Karasik, Kay-Tee Khaw, Douglas P Kiel, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Ivana Kolcic, Peter Kraft, Lenore J Launer, Joop S E Laven, Shengxu Li, Jianjun Liu, Daniel Levy, Nicholas G Martin, Wendy L McArdle, Mads Melbye, Vincent Mooser, Jeffrey C Murray, Sarah S Murray, Michael A Nalls, Pau Navarro, Mari Nelis, Andrew R Ness, Kate Northstone, Ben A Oostra, Munro Peacock, Lyle J Palmer, Aarno Palotie, Guillaume Paré, Alex N Parker, Nancy L Pedersen, Leena Peltonen, Craig E Pennell, Paul Pharoah, Ozren Polasek, Andrew S Plump, Anneli Pouta, Eleonora Porcu, Thorunn Rafnar, John P Rice, Susan M Ring, Fernando Rivadeneira, Igor Rudan, Cinzia Sala, Veikko Salomaa, Serena Sanna, David Schlessinger, Nicholas J Schork, Angelo Scuteri, Ayellet V Segrè, Alan R Shuldiner, Nicole Soranzo, Ulla Sovio, Sathanur R Srinivasan, David P Strachan, Mar-Liis Tammesoo, Emmi Tikkanen, Daniela Toniolo, Kim Tsui, Laufey Tryggvadottir, Jonathon Tyrer, Manuela Uda, Rob M van Dam, Joyce B J van Meurs, Peter Vollenweider, Gerard Waeber, Nicholas J Wareham, Dawn M Waterworth, Michael N Weedon, H Erich Wichmann, Gonneke Willemsen, James F Wilson, Alan F Wright, Lauren Young, Guangju Zhai, Wei Vivian Zhuang, Laura J Bierut, Dorret I Boomsma, Heather A Boyd, Laura Crisponi, Ellen W Demerath, Cornelia M van Duijn, Michael J Econs, Tamara B Harris, David J Hunter, Ruth J F Loos, Andres Metspalu, Grant W Montgomery, Paul M Ridker, Tim D Spector, Elizabeth A Streeten, Kari Stefansson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, André G Uitterlinden, Elisabeth Widen, Joanne M Murabito, Ken K Ong, Anna Murray
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Prophylaxis of wound infection.
Authors: T A Stoker, H Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1971)

largeness in body, nor no sickness, nor lack of natural functions in those things that properly belong to the procreation of child- ren, but contrarywise, by judgement of physicians that know her estate on those things and by the opinion of women, being most acquainted with her Majesty's body in such things as properly appertain, to show probability of her aptness to have children, even at this day."3If the evidence of this memorandum is accepted, the factors which influenced Elizabeth against marriage were probably political, psychological, and religious, not to mention personal survival, rather than any physical complaint.
Ruth Martha Scott-Jupp (nee Perrott) (Mrs Deane)
Authors: R. Scott-Jupp
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Ruth Perrott was born on 5 September 1925 in Bandon, County Cork. Her early life was shaped by tragedy. Her parents died from tuberculosis when she was 2, and she was adopted by her aunt and uncle. Unconventionally for a woman from southern Ireland at that time, she chose to study medicine, and in 1943 was accepted into Trinity College Dublin. She was one of only a handful of women in a male dominated college, and was not allowed to dine or socialise with her fellow male students. She graduated in 1948, and fully qualified …
A Cost Analysis of Topical Drug Regimens for Dermatophyte Infections
Authors: Mary-Margaret Chren
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To examine the extra cost of using higher-priced drugs as initial therapy for dermatophyte infections, because the many available effective drugs vary considerably in cost.Cost analysis from the purchaser's perspective, comparing two prototypical regimens to treat tinea pedis: one in which all patients initially receive a lower-priced drug and those with unresponsive infections receive a higher-priced drug at a follow-up office visit, and one in which all patients receive the higher-priced drug from the outset. The reference drug was miconazole, an imidazole available without a prescription, for which reported overall efficacy rates are 70% to 100%.The threshold efficacy rate (the efficacy rate of miconazole below which it is always less expensive to use a specific higher-priced drug first) and the extra cost (of beginning therapy with a higher-priced drug).Assuming the Medicare-approved charge for a follow-up visit ($21.98), it is less expensive to begin therapy with a prescription drug only if the efficacy rate of miconazole is less than 55%; this threshold efficacy rate varied from 26% (for a $0 total cost of the follow-up visit) to 79% (for an $89 total cost of the follow-up visit). If the efficacy rate of miconazole is 70%, the extra cost per patient for all patients to receive the least expensive prescription antifungal drug instead of miconazole first was $15.23 and $8.64 if total visit costs were $0 and $21.98; miconazole remained the less expensive alternative as long as the total cost of the follow-up visit was less than $50.76.For reported efficacy rates and standard costs of a follow-up office visit, using miconazole first and then treating only those patients with unresponsive infections with a higher-priced prescription drug is less expensive than treating all patients with the higher-priced drug.
Cancer of the Cervix in a Mexican Population
Authors: Leonard A. Schonberg
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A cytologic survey of 2,161 women in Tijuana, Mexico, revealed 135 abnormal smears and 51 cervical carcinomas. The incidence of cervical cancer was 2.36%. Twenty-five of these lesions were preinvasive. The importance of screening programs in the lower socioeconomic groups is shown by the high incidence of cervicalcancer cases uncovered.
Bleomycin, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone (BACOP) Combination Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Diffuse Histiocytic Lymphoma
Authors: PHILIP S. SCHEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

A new combination chemotherapy program for patients with diffuse histiocytic and mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphoma was designed to prevent tumor recurrence during the recovery period of each treatment cycle. A myelosuppressive phase consisting of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine was followed by the nonmyelosuppressive agents bleomycin and prednisone to suppress regrowth of lymphoma while allowing for a return in bone marrow function. Twelve of 25 patients (48%) with advanced, previously untreated, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma achieved a complete remission as determined by restaging 1 month after discontinuation of treatment. The median duration of complete response after completion of therapy is in excess of 1 year (range, 5 to 30 months), and no patient has relapsed. Based on previous experience, it is anticipated that the majority of these patients will achieve an extended disease-free survival for what had previously been regarded as an invariably fatal disease.
THE RELATION OF OPHTHALMOLOGY TO DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND ITS ACCESSORY SINUSES
Authors: WALTER R. PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The possibility of involvement of the orbit or its contents in diseases of the nose and accessory sinuses has been so well established from an anatomic point of view as to need no further proof. It is only necessary to study the investigations of Onodi, Birch-Hirschfeld and Loeb to be convinced of this fact. When considered from a clinical point of view, however, the frequency of the association is less constant than the anatomic investigations might lead one to suppose. While in many cases the causal connection is obvious, there are others in which a relation is difficult or indeed impossible to establish. Diseases are excited in the eye through the nose by direct communication, in the orbit through the anatomic relations of the accessory sinuses, through nervous reflex action, and as a result of general toxemia. It is not always easy from subjective symptoms alone to determine whether the
Serum ferritin predicts early mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Rakhi Maiwall, Suman Kumar, A.K. Chaudhary, Jaswinder Maras, Zeeshan Wani, Chandan Kumar, A. Rastogi, C. Bihari, Chitranshu Vashisht, S.K. Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Criteria for Psychotherapeutic Outcome
Authors: P.E. Sifneos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

In an attempt to investigate the results of a variety of psychotherapies offered in the psychiatric clinic of the Beth Israel Hospital, we have used twelve outcome criteria for improvement. Findings on 53 patients treated by 14 therapists are presented, and a tentative comparison is made between a homogeneous group of patients who received short-term and long-term psychotherapies. Although a somewhat higher percentage of the long-term patients obtained symptomatic improvement compared to the short-term ones, impressive changes in motivation for change, self-esteem and interpersonal relations seem to have taken place in the short-term psychotherapy group.
Using a mock trial to make a difficult clinical decision.
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Many clinical decisions have to be taken with inadequate scientific information. Reaching a consensus among experts has been tried as one response to this problem. Another, described here, is to use legal process to dissect a difficult question. In this case a mock trial--using barristers, expert witnesses, and a jury--was conducted on whether bone marrow transplantation should be offered to all children with symptomatic sickle cell disease. Transplantation seems to offer about a 90% cure rate for a condition that may kill 15% of children before they reach 20. But transplantation carries a 10% risk of death or severe disability, and doctors cannot predict which children will suffer severely from their sickle cell disease and which will suffer little or nothing. The jury eventually reached a majority decision that transplantation should not be offered now to all symptomatic children.
HIV and refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)
Authors: Geoffrey A. Modest, Timothy P. Cooley, Jeff F. Zacks
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We report the case of a 36 year old man who was hospitalized with pneumonia and pancytopenia with refractory anemia with excess blasts confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. He was subsequently found to have advanced HIV infection. Both the HIV infection and the myelodysplastic syndrome responded to highly active anti‐retroviral therapy (HAART) with sustained normalization of his hematologic abnormalities within 79 days. Am. J. Hematol. 70:318–319, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.