tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased F-18 FDG Intestinal Uptake in Diabetic Patients on Metformin
Authors: Bohdan Bybel, I. David Greenberg, Judy Paterson, Jaylene Ducharme, William D. Leslie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A matched case-control study was performed to assess the relationship between metformin use and the degree of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) bowel activity in diabetic patients.Seventy-seven diabetic patients referred to our department for a positron emission tomography/computed tomography study, including 45 on metformin, were compared with nondiabetic controls matched for sex, age, and body mass index. Positron emission tomography studies were obtained in a standard manner and reviewed in a blinded fashion. F-18 FDG uptake in the GI tract was evaluated quantitatively using maximal standardized uptake values and visually using a previously published semiquantitative scale.F-18 FDG uptake in small and large bowel was significantly increased in metformin patients compared with nondiabetic controls both visually and quantitatively (all P < 0.0001), as well as compared with nonmetformin patients with diabetes. Control sites (liver, fat, muscle) showed similar uptake. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that metformin was the variable most strongly associated with bowel uptake.Physiologic accumulation of F-18 FDG in bowel is increased in diabetic patients maintained on metformin.
Abstract 3728: Anti-Notch1 antibody (OMP-52M51) impedes tumor growth and cancer stem cell frequency (CSC) in a chemo-refractory breast cancer xenograft model with an activating Notch1 mutation and screening for activated Notch1 across multiple solid tumor types.
Authors: Belinda Cancilla, Jennifer Cain, Min Wang, Lucia Beviglia, Jalpa Shah, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Laura Esserman, Tim Hoey, Ann M. Kapoun
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Notch pathway plays a central role in embryonic development, the regulation of stem and progenitor cells, and is implicated in many human cancers. Notch1 is also known to be activated by oncogenic mutations in tumors including T cell leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-small cell lung cancer. Here we report the discovery of similar mutations in breast cancer. We have developed a primary human xenograft model from a patient bearing an activating Notch1 mutation and have shown that blocking Notch signaling in this model with a novel anti-Notch1 antibody, OMP-52M51, impeded tumor growth and reduced cancer stem cell (CSC) frequency. OMP-52M51 is a humanized antibody that binds with high affinity and selectivity to human Notch1 and antagonizes Notch signaling. Additionally, we sought to determine the frequency of Notch pathway activation across a large panel of human tumors (n&amp;gt;600) by an immunohistochemistry assay that detects the activated form of Notch1 using a polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the Notch1 intracellular domain (ICD). Using this test and a rigorous H-score cut-off of 30, we found elevated Notch1 in 7-29% of the following cancers: chemo-resistant breast, gastric, cholangiocarcinoma, esophageal, hepatacellular carcinoma (HCC), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The class of patients that showed the highest frequency of elevated Notch1.ICD was chemo-resistant breast cancer (∼30%). This frequency was significantly higher than in unselected breast cancer patients, suggesting that Notch1 signaling plays a significant role in breast cancer chemoresistance. Interestingly, the human xenograft model which showed sensitivity to OMP-52M51 was derived from a patient that failed to respond to pre-operative chemotherapy and developed metastatic disease following surgery. Thus, chemo-resistant breast cancer as well as the other tumors with high Notch1.ICD may represent important classes of patients who could benefit from anti-Notch1 therapy in the clinic. Citation Format: Belinda Cancilla, Jennifer Cain, Min Wang, Lucia Beviglia, Jalpa Shah, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Laura Esserman, Tim Hoey, Ann M. Kapoun. Anti-Notch1 antibody (OMP-52M51) impedes tumor growth and cancer stem cell frequency (CSC) in a chemo-refractory breast cancer xenograft model with an activating Notch1 mutation and screening for activated Notch1 across multiple solid tumor types. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3728. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3728
Redesigning cancer care
Authors: David Kerr, Helen Bevan, Ben Gowland, Jean Penny, Don Berwick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Patients with cancer in the UK suffer more delays and worse survival than those in many other European states. The national cancer plan has set ambitious targets for improved care. The cancer services collaborative is using improvement methods to reduce delays and improve the service for patients. The nine cancer networks using these methods have cut waiting times and improved patients' experiences of care.
Effect of celecoxib on restenosis after coronary angioplasty with a Taxus stent (COREA-TAXUS trial): an open-label randomised controlled study
Authors: Bon-Kwon Koo, Yong-Seok Kim, Kyung-Woo Park, Han-Mo Yang, Dong-A Kwon, Jin-Wook Chung, Joo-Yong Hahn, Hae-Young Lee, Jin-Shik Park, Hyun-Jae Kang, Young-Seok Cho, Tae-Jin Youn, Woo-Young Chung, In-Ho Chae, Dong-Ju Choi, Byung-Hee Oh, Young-Bae Park, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: The Lancet (2007)
Usefulness of noninvasive assessment of coronary flow reserve using contrast enhanced transthoracic color doppler echocardiography for detecting left anterior descending stenosis with comparison of stress thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Masako Okada, Takahiro Ota, Eiichi Nagashima, Kenji Shimeno, Eriko Murata, Keiji Nagae, Shiro Yanagi, Kazuyoshi Hirota, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Cost-effectiveness of Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment
Authors: Syed Bilgrami
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 November 1993Cost-effectiveness of Prostate Cancer Screening and TreatmentSyed Bilgrami, MD and Bernard Greenberg, MDSyed Bilgrami, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Bernard Greenberg, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Garnick discussed the early treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, total androgen blockade, and the cost of 1 year of flutamide therapy. He stated that 165 000 new cases of prostate cancer are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 1993, with 25% of patients presenting with stage D2 disease. The early use of total androgen blockade is gaining widespread acceptance in such patients, but it should be noted that the use of flutamide for 1 year as part of total androgen blockade will cost more than 100 million dollars in this country alone. Unfortunately, ...References1. Crawford ED, Eisenberger MA, McLeod DG, Spaulding JT, Benson R, Dorr FA, et al. A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1989; 321:419-24. Google Scholar2. Keuppens F, Denis L, Smith P, Carval HO AP, Newling D, Bond A, et al. Zoladex and flutamide versus bilateral orchiectomy. A randomized phase III EORTC 30853 study. Cancer. 1990; 66:1045-57. Google Scholar3. Iversen P, Christensen MG, Friis E, Hornbol P, Hvidt V, Iversen HG, et al. A phase III trial of zoladex and flutamide versus orchiectomy in the treatment of patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 1990; 66:1058-66. Google Scholar4. Beland G, Elhilali M, Fradet Y, Laroche B, Ramsey EW, Trachtenberg J, et al. A controlled trial of castration with and without nilutamide in metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Cancer. 1990; 66:1074-9. Google Scholar5. Lunglmayr G. A multicenter trial comparing the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog zoladex, with zoladex plus flutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 1990; 18(Suppl 3):28-9. Google Scholar6. Janknegt RA, Abbou CC, Bartoletti R, Bernstein-Hahn L, Bracken B, Brisset JM, et al. Orchiectomy and nilutamide or placebo as treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer in a multinational double-blind randomized trial. J Urol. 1993; 149:77-83. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe fall in incidence of prostate carcinoma: On the down side of a prostate specific antigen induced peak in incidence--Data from the Utah Cancer Registry 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1054-1055KeywordsAndrogensCancer screeningCancer treatmentProstate cancerProstate diseases Issue Published: 15 November 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF IMMUNITY WITH PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE
Authors: Alvan L. Barach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. The antigenic function of a pneumococcus vaccine made from the intact cell was compared with that derived fron a watery extract of the cell free from formed elements. In each instance, the immunity produced was dependent upon type-specific protective substance and not upon the elaboration of the common protein antibody. 2. The vaccine made from the intact cell resulted in both active and passive immunity which began on the 3rd day, increased markedly to the 5th, and remained approximately stationery to the 7th day. In the case of the Berkefeld filtrate of the shaken bacteria and the filtrate of the broth culture, the immunity began on the 4th day, increased to the 5th, and remained approximately stationery to the 7th day. The immunity produced by Pneumococcus Type I vaccine is greater than that produced by Type II. On the 3rd day, mice vaccinated with Type I vaccine resisted 100,000 minimal lethal doses, whereas mice immunized with Type II resisted 10,000 minimal lethal doses. On the 5th day, a larger percentage of mice survived these doses than on the 3rd day. 3. Certain factors related to the preparation and dosage of the vaccine are discussed. 4. As far as the time interval and the degree of immunity produced are concerned, these results suggest the possibility of employing pneumococcus vaccine in suitable doses in the treatment of lobar pneumonia. That an earlier activity of the immunity mechanism could actually be initiated in a patient with lobar pneumonia has still to be demonstrated.
Phlogiston, fluid intelligence, and the Lynn–Flynn effect
Authors: Martin Voracek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Blair's assertion that fluid intelligence (gF) is distinct from general intelligence ( g ) is contradictory to cumulative evidence from intelligence research, including extant and novel evidence about generational IQ gains (Lynn–Flynn effect). Because of the near unity of gF and g, his hypothetical concept of gF' (gF “purged” of g variance) may well be a phlogiston theory.
Sheffield Medical Society: January 26, 1843
Authors: W. Overend
Journal: BMJ (1843)

SHEFFIELD MIEDICAL SOCIETY. consider hydrochloric acid as the sole agent of solution for azotised alimentary substances.Thus, while the acid merely causes fibrini to swell out to a very great extent, but does not dissolve it, complete solution is obtained by adding a few drops of yeast; and this proves tllat hydrochloric acid is not the onily solvent in gastric juice.We should also, perhaps, take into accounit the animal substance calledpepsine, and which MM. Schwann and Deschamps have found in the stomach.The experiments of the authors, likewise, render it highly probable that wlhen the ileutral azotised sub- stances are dissolved in the stomach they pass di- rectly into the veiins; glutenl is taken up in the same way.Starch and facculent substances are wholly, or in part, converted into lactic acid and thus absorbed.Fatty substances evidently resist the action of the stomach and pass on into the intestinal canal.The authors regard fat as containing the chief ingredients necessary for the production of chyle.Feb. 6, 1843.
Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocity
Authors: Derek Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Priscilla Hayner 

Routledge, £16.99, pp 340 ISBN 0 415 92477 4

Rating: 

The programme director of the International Centre for Transitional Justice in New York has produced a scholarly yet compellingly written review of the 21 official truth commissions established around the world since 1974 to document state crimes and to address concepts of reparation, reconciliation, and reform.

Hayner starts with an anecdote. “Do you want to remember, or to forget?” she asked a Rwandan government official who had lost every single member of his family in the 1994 genocide. He replied, “We must remember what happened in order to keep it from …
Early surgery in the management of severe ulcerative colitis.
Authors: J. C. Goligher, F. T. de Dombal, N. G. Graham, G. Watkinson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

During the last two decades there has been a substantial improvement in the overall outlook for patients suffering from ulcerative colitis.Nevertheless, many patients continue to ex- perience severe attacks of this disease, and the mortality from these attacks is often very high.Thus Gallagher et al. (1962) stated that nearly two-thirds of their patients with "fulmin- ating" attacks of colitis during 1950-8 died; Edwards and Truelove (1963) reported a 26.8% fatality rate in all severe attacks treated during the previous decade; while Demole (1956) noted a 40% fatality rate in all acute attacks of colitis.Recently we also described a large series of cases with severe attacks of ulcerative colitis, the fatality rate of which was considerable, being 9.6% in severe first attacks and 13.7% in severe relapses (de Dombal et al., 1965a).In the care of these patients it had been our practice to submit practically all cases to intensive conventional medical therapy (usually includ- ing large doses of corticosteroids), for a period of 10 days or so in the first instance.Only if this regimen failed to secure a remission within that time-or if perforation or massive uncontrollable haemorrhage occurred-was surgical treatment considered.In view of the disappointing results obtained it seemed to us that a drastic change in our plan of management was justi-
The Deficiency of PGI2 Signaling Induces STAT6-independent Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: W. Zhou, D.R. Dowell, M.M. Huckabee, D.C. Newcomb, K. Goleniewska, G. FitzGerald, R.S. Peebles Jr.
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)

S A T U R D A Y 209 Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells from Asthmatic Subjects Respond Differently to Stimulation with Poly(I:C) and Diesel Exhaust Particles C. V. E. Chehrazi, K. M. Horvath, I. Jaspers; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. RATIONALE: It has been suggested that NK cells in asthmatic and healthy subjects differ, but it is unknown whether these differences alter NK responses to virus and contribute to increased asthmatic susceptibility to viral infections. Data from our lab suggest that diesel exhaust exposure enhances virally-induced exacerbation of allergic inflammation, yet the role of NK cells in these responses is unknown; therefore, we examined the response of asthmatic peripheral NK cells to polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)a mimetic of virus-derived dsRNA] and diesel exhaust particles (DEP). METHODS: NK cells were isolated from the blood of asthmatic subjects and subsequently incubated with vehicle, poly(I:C), DEP, or poly (I:C)+DEP. Flow cytometry and cytokine analysis were performed to evaluate changes in cell surface markers and mediator profiles, respectively. RESULTS: As compared to vehicle control, poly(I:C) and DEP stimulation significantly augmented surface expression of CD16, which mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In contrast, only DEP stimulation significantly enhanced surface expression of CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL10, which is expressed by virally-infected cells and promotes NK chemotaxis. Analysis of cytokines and other cell surface receptors will be performed. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation with poly(I:C) and DEP alters the expression of cell surface markers involved in NK activity. Whereas NK cytotoxicity appears enhanced by stimulation with dsRNA, NK chemotactic potential appears enhanced by DEP, suggesting that the NK response of asthmatics may be altered by air pollution. These novel findings offer insight into potential mechanisms by which pollutant exposure amplifies asthmatic morbidity due to viral infection.
Clinically Evident, Non-terminal Infections with Herpesviruses and the Wart Virus in Immunosuppressed Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: E. S. Spencer, H. K. Andersen
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The clinical incidence of herpes simplex lesions, herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus infection, and warts has been determined in a group of renal allograft recipients. Herpes simplex lesions appeared to be no more common after transplantation than before in those patients subject to recurrent attacks. Among 74 patients there were seven cases of herpes zoster and seven serologically proved cases of cytomegalovirus infection with clinical manifestations. The incidence of warts increased with length of time after transplantation, 42% of patients being affected more than one year after transplantation. All of the viral infections studied behaved as in healthy adults, and serious illness, dissemination, wide-spread lesions, and complications were not seen. No factors other than immunosuppression and steroid therapy could be identified with certainty as predisposing to these infections.
Osseous Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Ganesh Krishna, Rajinder K. Chitkara
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patient-Controlled Analgesia: Confidence in Postoperative Pain Control
Authors: A Black
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Margaret L Heath, Veronica J Thomas Oxford University Press, £25, pp 216 ISBN 0-19-262165-3

Patient controlled analgesia is now at the forefront of approaches to improving postoperative pain control. Though a great deal has been written about the concept, I have not read anything that has paid so much detailed and comprehensive attention to the practicalities as this book by Margaret Health and Veronica Thomas. It is all there: how to approach a patient preoperatively, how to start postoperative pain treatment in the recovery room, how to check that it is working on …
THE ACTION OF TESTICLE, KIDNEY, AND SPLEEN EXTRACTS ON THE INFECTIVE POWER OF BACTERIA
Authors: M. Pijoan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The addition of testicle extract to cultures of 20 different bacteria just prior to inoculation enhances their infectious activity to a high degree. Kidney extracts enhance the infections of staphylococci to a less degree than testicle extracts, while spleen extracts never give rise to enhancement, and often cause the lesion to be less than would ordinarily be the case.
NOTE ON THE FORAMEN OVALE
Authors: J. L. W. Thudichum
Journal: BMJ (1855)

twM ta*Wa hm dsa by blood.l n.o advied modate blood-lotting, and then only in !tong and robust patients.The great Louis of the Htel Dieu remark, " It is an error to beieve you can regxlat pneumonia by blood-letting.In at -cases, if the bleeding 1s praCtised in the period when the disease is on the inerease, .thelocal symptoms are thereby aggravated, although the general symptoms may improve."He believes, however, it will in the end shorten the duration of the dis- ea.From his cases, he concluded that the disease lasted only eighteen days, when bleeding was resorted to before the fourth day of the disease, when after that period it lasted twenty-one days.This i6 the result obtained at La (harit6 and Pitie.The experience of these hospitals proves that by blood-letting early, you only anticipate the period of cure, in some of the cases which yield to it.4. Patients affected with pneumonia bear depletion well.It seems, therefore, unphiosophical not to afford them that relief which this operation ensures.But the truth of this proposition is founded in part on the truth of the three former; and if these be disputed, there cannot be said to be relief from depletion.And, again, patients do not bear depletion well in the present day.The type of exist- ing diseases is, aud indeed has been for some years back, adynamic, and in none is this more true than for pneumonia, which is fatal exactly in proportion as it is adynamic.Patients do not bear depletion as formerly; thirty years ago powerful medicines and heroic blood-letting was the order of the day, and eminently successful.The practitioner who would now follow the practice of his forefathers in this respect would meet with universal reprobation.Hence one of the reasons that that archquackery, homemopathy, has taken so well among many.Typhus and low fevers have been upon the increase, and generally those diseases arising from cachectic blood, a better instance than which I could scarcely give than the extraordinary frequency of furuncu- lar and carbuncular disease.The following are the number of deaths from typhus and pneumonia for the years 1839-1850, taking typhus as the measuremint of debility in the population.Year.Typhus.
In vitro susceptibility to dexamethasone- and doxorubicin-induced apoptotic cell death in context of maturation stage, responsiveness to interleukin 7, and early cytoreduction in vivo in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Christian Wuchter, Velia Ruppert, Martin Schrappe, Bernd Dörken, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Leonid Karawajew
Journal: Blood (2002)