tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
139 Does valgan (ganciclovir hydrochloride) provide effective prophylaxis against cytomegaloviral (CMV) infection in liver transplant recipients?
Authors: A. Jain, M. Orloff, K. Lansing, R. Kashyap, K. Mark, R. Betts, M. Menegus, A. Bozorgzadeh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Twenty-four hour monitoring of heart rate and activity in patients with diabetes mellitus: a comparison with clinic investigations.
Authors: T Bennett, P A Riggott, D J Hosking, J R Hampton
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Heart rate and activity were recorded continuously in 11 selected diabetics during a normal day, and the observations were compared with results obtained in the same patients in the diabetic outpatient clinic 10 months earlier. Both sets of findings agreed well in heart rate variability and postural tachycardia. In patients with well-controlled diabetes simple tests of reflex cardiovascular control produce results that may be useful in following the course of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in hepatitis C virus antibody ELISA-positive blood donors according to RIBA-2 status: A case-control survey
Authors: Lawrence Serfaty, Philippe Giral, Marie Hélène Elghouzzi, Anne Marie Jullien, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Studies of blood donors positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are probably biased by the large number of false-positive results. We evaluated the epidemiological and biological characteristics of 177 such donors with regard to the confirmatory second-generation RIBA test (Ortho Diagnostic Systems) and have compared the results to those from an age- and sex-matched control group of 177 donors negative for antibody to hepatitis C virus on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay was positive in 38% of cases, indeterminate in 6% and negative in 56%. The case-control study showed a significantly higher frequency of intravenous drug abuse (27% vs. 0%), blood transfusion (22% vs. 9%), history of jaundice (21% vs. 7%), elevated ALT level (49% vs. 4%) and HBc antibody positivity (32% vs. 7%) in second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay-positive donors. No such differences were found between the second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay-negative donors and their controls. The 35 second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay-positive donors without histories of transfusion or intravenous drug abuse had a significantly higher frequency of surgery with major blood loss or prolonged stays in areas of hepatitis B virus endemicity than did their controls (20% vs. 0% and 49% vs. 26%, respectively). In conclusion, at least one risk factor for HCV infection was identified in 82% of the second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay-positive donors, 91% of whom could have been identified on the basis of these risk factors, ALT level and presence of HBc antibody.
An anatomy of errors
Authors: B. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

He came in calmly (and went out in a huff).

I had my nose in his medical notes (first error). I did not look up as he opened the door, a missed opportunity to notice the expression on his face, the way he walked, etc (second error), or to give a welcoming smile. He told me that he had a chronic pain in his back. I told him to hurry up and take his clothes off down to his waist and get on the couch so that I could examine him (three errors in under 60 …
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO THIAMINE
Authors: Merritt H. Stiles
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In making a report on a patient with symptoms suggesting sensitivity to thiamine hydrochloride (The Journal, July 19, p. 176) Laws stated that an intradermal test made with a commercial preparation of thiamine resulted in the formation of a large urticarial wheal, that thiamine given parenterally was capable of sensitizing human beings and that "it seems advisable to make intradermal tests with thiamine hydrochloride before administering it, particularly to patients who previously have received thiamine." Unfortunately, no mention was made of the strength of the commercial preparation used in making the intradermal test. While I am in entire agreement with Laws as to the possible development of human hypersensitivity to thiamine, I have pointed out in an article published in the July issue of the<i>Journal of Allergy</i>(Hypersensitivity to Thiamine Chloride, with a Note on Hypersensitivity to Pyridoxine Hydrochloride) that the significance of wheal formation following
The Doctor's PDA and Smartphone Handbook: Databases
Authors: Mohammed Al-Ubaydli, Chris Paton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

A database is the computer equivalent of a filing cabinet full of forms. Like a filing cabinet, a database can store a lot of information, and by using forms, the information is structured, which paves the way for statistical analysis and audits.

A database on a handheld computer has many advantages over a filing cabinet. First, you can carry all the forms you need. This is great for audits, because you can enter data about patients at any time, including while you are with the patient during the ward round or when you can get hold of the patient's notes from the consultant's secretary.

Second, you can carry all the information you have filled out in the past. Not only is the handheld device orders of magnitude smaller than a filing cabinet, the sorting and searching tools are very fast. For example, if you have a list of patients, it only takes a few seconds to sort it by each patient's name and then to sort it again by consultant's name. You can quickly search for a patient whose date of birth is before a certain year and whose blood results are within a certain range.

Finally, you can share the information with colleagues. Beaming makes this quick and easy to do as you meet with colleagues during the day. It takes more effort and expertise to do this with synchronization, but it means you can get the information without needing a face-to-face meeting.
Identification and characterization of cell-substratum adhesion receptors on cultured human endothelial cells.
Authors: S M Albelda, M Daise, E M Levine, C A Buck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

A series of immunological approaches was utilized to identify the molecules involved in cell-substratum adhesion of human endothelial cells (EC) derived from adult large vessels, fat capillaries, and umbilical veins. A polyclonal antibody prepared against partially purified extracellular matrix receptors disrupted adhesion of EC to a wide variety of substrates and identified four groups of glycoproteins migrating with apparent Mr of 150, 125, 110, and 95 kD in immunoprecipitation experiments. Specific monoclonal antibodies identified these proteins as members of the Integrin family of extracellular matrix receptors and included the alpha and beta chains of the fibronectin receptor (alpha 5/beta 1), a collagen receptor (alpha 2 beta 1), a multifunctional receptor that binds to fibronectin, collagen, and laminin (alpha 3/beta 1), as well as a receptor related to platelet IIb/IIIa (alpha v/beta 3). To directly test the importance of these molecules in cell-substratum adhesion, these proteins were purified by a combination of ion exchange, lectin affinity, and immunoaffinity chromatography and used to block the biological activity of the adhesion-disrupting polyclonal antibody. Immunofluorescence experiments further supported the role of these glycoproteins in adhesion. The GPIIb/IIIa-like receptor localized to well-formed adhesion plaques on EC plated on fibrinogen, but not on fibronectin, laminin, or type IV collagen. Receptors containing the beta 1 subunit were visualized as discontinuous fibrils which colocalized with fibronectin fibrils and actin stress fibers.
Virus-Related Genetic Material in Cancer and Blood Specimens From Humans
Authors: Elie Arida
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have obtained evidence for the presence of virus-related genetic material in tumor and blood specimens from three patients with colon cancer and five patients with rectal cancer. Three of the patients had liver metastases, and one of them also had peritoneal metastases, which were included in the investigation. The assay was based on a recently developed technique used to detect viral genes in murine sarcomatransformed cells and virus-related genetic material in human urinary bladder carcinoma cells.<sup>1,2</sup>The technique makes use of the ability of lipid-enveloped viral cores to pass selectively into an ether phase. The specific messenger activity of the disrupted cores is subsequently measured in an eukaryotic translation system derived from wheat germ.<sup>1,2</sup> The materials investigated (homogenates, microsomal<sup>3</sup>and soluble fractions of tumors, homogenates of whole blood cells, leucocytes, erythrocyte hemolysate and ghost fractions of erythrocytes, and plasma), containing traces of the
New Concept in University Community Mental Health Services
Authors: Philip Mechanick
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A group of medical students under faculty supervision has developed an experimental advisory service to assist troubled college students who are reluctant to seek formal psychiatric care because of fears of its "stigma," suspicion of university administration, and/or a belief that older professional personnel cannot understand the problems of their generation. A medical student advisor has unique positive attributes of clinical training and experience, yet is of peer age. Walk-in centers ("Talking Points"), located at strategic areas on campus, are manned during key hours. Complete anonymity of contacts is guaranteed. Psychiatric staff members hold regular supervisory sessions to review cases. In the first 14 weeks of operation, 71 clients (1% of the undergraduate population) were seen. Problems have included depression, social maladjustment, incipient psychosis, fear of pregnancy, and suicidal attempts. Clients requiring professional care are referred.
CLINICAL VALUE OF SERUM AMYLASE DETERMINATION
Authors: Theodore S. Malinowski
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The diagnostic difficulties encountered in disease of the pancreas because of its inaccessibility to physical and roentgenologic examination and lack of simple biochemical tests, such as those used in the detection of diseases of the hepatobiliary tract, are well known. A fairly satisfactory approach to this problem has been the use of tests of pancreatic function.<sup>1</sup>In essence, most tests of pancreatic function deal mainly with the detection of disturbances in pancreatic enzyme concentration in the duodenal contents following hormonal (secretin) stimulation. Such studies have proved invaluable in the detection of pancreatic insufficiency in chronic disease of the pancreas but are of extremely limited value in the patient with acute illness.<sup>2</sup>In practice, the study of impaired external pancreatic function by analysis of duodenal contents is too time consuming, cumbersome, and, most of all, distasteful to the patient. A fairly simple and informative test of acute pancreatic disease
Comparison of daily interferon ALFACON-1 with standard regimens of thrice weekly interferon ALFACON-1 in patients with chronic hepatitis C — interim results from an ongoing international trial
Authors: S. Zeuzem, M. Manns, V. Rustgi, S. Aurora, C. Smith, M. Shiffman, R. Reddy, R. Reindollar, D. Slaker, R. Rai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Bilateral Increased Tl-201 Uptake of Lacrimal Glands Caused by Crying of a Child During Injection
Authors: GAMZE ĈAPA, BERNA DEĞİRMENCİ, HATICE DURAK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 4-year-old boy with retinoblastoma whose left eye was enucleated was referred for tumor imaging. Tl-201 tumor imaging was performed to detect possible recurrence of the primary tumor. He was agitated and cried during injection, and as a result bilateral increased lacrimal gland uptake was seen on early images. Crying during injection should be excluded, especially in children, when significant lacrimal gland uptake of Tl-201 is present.
Enhanced cleavage of type II collagen by collagenases in osteoarthritic articular cartilage.
Authors: R C Billinghurst, L Dahlberg, M Ionescu, A Reiner, R Bourne, C Rorabeck, P Mitchell, J Hambor, O Diekmann, H Tschesche, J Chen, H Van Wart, A R Poole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We demonstrate the direct involvement of increased collagenase activity in the cleavage of type II collagen in osteoarthritic human femoral condylar cartilage by developing and using antibodies reactive to carboxy-terminal (COL2-3/4C(short)) and amino-terminal (COL2-1/4N1) neoepitopes generated by cleavage of native human type II collagen by collagenase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (collagenase-1), MMP-8 (collagenase-2), and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). A secondary cleavage followed the initial cleavage produced by these recombinant collagenases. This generated neoepitope COL2-1/4N2. There was significantly more COL2-3/4C(short) neoepitope in osteoarthritis (OA) compared to adult nonarthritic cartilages as determined by immunoassay of cartilage extracts. A synthetic preferential inhibitor of MMP-13 significantly reduced the unstimulated release in culture of neoepitope COL2-3/4C(short) from human osteoarthritic cartilage explants. These data suggest that collagenase(s) produced by chondrocytes is (are) involved in the cleavage and denaturation of type II collagen in articular cartilage, that this is increased in OA, and that MMP-13 may play a significant role in this process.
Immunohistological examination of open sacroiliac biopsies of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: detection of tumour necrosis factor in two patients with early disease and transforming growth factor in three more advanced cases
Authors: R J Francois
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To characterise the immunohistological features of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at different disease stages. <b>Methods:</b> Biopsy samples from sacroiliac joints (SIJs) of five patients with AS, two with early, three with advanced changes and samples from age matched controls from one necropsy SIJ and two iliac bone marrow (BM) biopsies were studied. Paraffin sections were immunostained in triplicate for T cells (CD3, CD8), macrophages (CD68), and the cytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon γ, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, IL10, and transforming growth factor β<sub>1</sub> (TGFβ<sub>1</sub>). Stained cells were counted over one entire high power field (×400) per section in BM, cartilage, and other connective tissue (CT). Results are the mean of three sections. <b>Results:</b> CD3+ T cells were numerous in the BM of early AS, and in the CT of one patient with early and one with late AS, with variable proportions of CD8+ T cells. All patients with AS had more CD68+ macrophages than controls in BM and CT; in cartilage, one patient with early and one with late AS had increased CD68+ cells, some being osteoclasts. The patient with very early AS had large numbers of TNFα cells in the three tissular areas; for the other patient with early disease they were found only in CT and cartilage. IL6 was seen in 4/4 patients with AS in most areas. Patients with early disease had more T cells, TNFα, and IL6, and patients with advanced AS more TGFβ<sub>1</sub>. <b>Conclusion:</b> The immunohistological findings of a limited sample suggest a role for BM in sacroiliitis, for TNFα and IL6 in early, active lesions, and for TGFβ<sub>1</sub> at the time of secondary cartilage and bone proliferation.
Human SH2B1 mutations are associated with maladaptive behaviors and obesity
Authors: Michael E. Doche, Elena G. Bochukova, Hsiao-Wen Su, Laura R. Pearce, Julia M. Keogh, Elana Henning, Joel M. Cline, Anne Dale, Tim Cheetham, Inês Barroso, Lawrence S. Argetsinger, Stephen O’Rahilly, Liangyou Rui, Christin Carter-Su, I. Sadaf Farooqi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Src homology 2 B adapter protein 1 (SH2B1) modulates signaling by a variety of ligands that bind to receptor tyrosine kinases or JAK-associated cytokine receptors, including leptin, insulin, growth hormone (GH), and nerve growth factor (NGF). Targeted deletion of Sh2b1 in mice results in increased food intake, obesity, and insulin resistance, with an intermediate phenotype seen in heterozygous null mice on a high-fat diet. We identified SH2B1 loss-of-function mutations in a large cohort of patients with severe early-onset obesity. Mutation carriers exhibited hyperphagia, childhood-onset obesity, disproportionate insulin resistance, and reduced final height as adults. Unexpectedly, mutation carriers exhibited a spectrum of behavioral abnormalities that were not reported in controls, including social isolation and aggression. We conclude that SH2B1 plays a critical role in the control of human food intake and body weight and is implicated in maladaptive human behavior.
Pituitary iron and volume predict hypogonadism in transfusional iron overload
Authors: Leila J. Noetzli, Ashok Panigrahy, Steven D. Mittelman, Aleya Hyderi, Ani Dongelyan, Thomas D. Coates, John C. Wood
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Hypogonadism is the most common morbidity in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias such as thalassemia major. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure pituitary R2 (iron) and volume to determine at what age these patients develop pituitary iron overload and volume loss. We recruited 56 patients (47 with thalassemia major, five with chronically transfused thalassemia intermedia and four with Blackfan-Diamond syndrome) to have pituitary MRIs to measure pituitary R2 and volume. Hypogonadism was defined clinically based on the timing of secondary sexual characteristics or the need for sex hormone replacement therapy. Patients with transfusional iron overload begin to develop pituitary iron overload in the first decade of life; however, clinically significant volume loss was not observed until the second decade of life. Severe pituitary iron deposition (Z > 5) and volume loss (Z < -2.5) were independently predictive of hypogonadism. Pituitary R2 correlated significantly with serum ferritin as well as liver, pancreatic, and cardiac iron deposition by MRI. Log pancreas R2* was the best single predictor for pituitary iron, with an area under the receiving operator characteristic curve of 0.88, but log cardiac R2* and ferritin were retained on multivariate regression with a combined r(2) of 0.71. Pituitary iron overload and volume loss were independently predictive of hypogonadism. Many patients with moderate-to-severe pituitary iron overload retained normal gland volume and function, representing a potential therapeutic window. The subset of hypogonadal patients having preserved gland volumes may also explain improvements in pituitary function observed following intensive chelation therapy.
Systematic Review: The Long-Term Effects of False-Positive Mammograms
Authors: Noel T. Brewer, Talya Salz, Sarah E. Lillie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Although abnormal screening mammograms deleteriously affect the psychological well-being of women during the time immediately surrounding the tests, their long-term effects are poorly understood. Purpose: To characterize the long-term effects of false-positive screening mammograms on the behavior and well-being of women 40 years of age or older. Data Sources: English-language studies from the MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases through August 2006. Study Selection: Studies were identified that examined the effects of false-positive results of routine screening mammography on women's behavior, well-being, or beliefs. Data Extraction: Two investigators independently coded study characteristics, quality, and effect sizes. Data Synthesis: 23 eligible studies (n = 313 967) were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis showed that U.S. women who received false-positive results on screening mammography were more likely to return for routine screening than those who received normal results (risk ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.12]). The effect was not statistically significant among European women (risk ratio, 0.97 [CI, 0.93 to 1.01]), and Canadian women were less likely to return for routine screening because of false-positive results (risk ratio, 0.63 [CI, 0.50 to 0.80]). Women who received false-positive results conducted more frequent breast self-examinations and had higher, but not apparently pathologically elevated, levels of distress and anxiety and thought more about breast cancer than did those with normal results. Limitations: Correlational study designs, a small number of studies, a lack of clinical validation for many measures, and possible heterogeneity. Conclusions: Some women with false-positive results on mammography may have differences in whether they return for mammography, occurrence of breast self-examinations, and levels of anxiety compared with women with normal results. Future research should examine how false-positive results on mammography affect other outcomes, such as trust and health care use.
Abstract 4416: The pre-neoplastic lesion, mucin-depleted foci, reveals as <i>de novo</i> high-grade dysplasia in rat colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Changxu Cui, Reika Takamatsu, Hiroshi Doguchi, Akiko Matsuzaki, Masanao Saio, Naoki Yoshimi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) have recently been recognized as the pre-neoplastic lesions in the colon of carcinogen-treated rodents. In the present study, we analyzed the sequential development of ACF and MDF histopathologically in the colon of rats from 5 to 40 weeks after DMH treatment. The number of ACF per colon increased over time during the experiment, and was much more than the numbers of tumor, while the number of MDF per colon remained unchanged from the early stage (the 5th week after carcinogen exposure), and approximate to that of tumor. The incidence of ACF, which was much higher than that of tumor, also increased gradually in a time-dependent way. The incidence of MDF, however, was similar to that of tumor and did not have significant change during the whole experiment. No the lesion as dysplasia with high-grade (DHG) or adenocarcinoma (AC) was found in any large ACF from the 5th to 40th week histopathologically, whereas all of the large MDF showed DHG or AC. Even at 5 weeks, MDF shows the appearance as DHG. We classified to two forms of MDF, a flat and a protruded MDF. At the 40 weeks, the number of a flat MDF per colon decreased significantly compared with that in the 20 weeks (p&amp;lt;0.05), but number of a protruded MDF per colon increased (p&amp;lt;0.01), and the percentage of DHG in a protruded MDF decreased but that of AC increased remarkably. In conclusion, MDF might develop into cancer through the so-called “de novo cancer” pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4416. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4416