tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Significance of Serum and Urinary Protein Electrophoresis in Acute and Chronic Renal Disease.
Authors: Stanley H. Bernstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Diagnostic Significance of Serum and Urinary Protein Electrophoresis in Acute and Chronic Renal Disease.Stanley H. Bernstein, M.D., F.A.C.P., Jona Allerhand, M.D., James I. Berkman, M.D.Stanley H. Bernstein, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Jona Allerhand, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James I. Berkman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-337_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlterations in protein fractions, revealed by paper and immunoelectrophoresis, can be correlated with specific types of kidney disease. Sera and urine samples were analyzed in 25 patients in whom renal biopsy established an acute or chronic renal disease by means of cellulose-acetate paper electrophoresis and by immunoelectrophoresis. Antiserum was prepared by immunizing rabbits with pooled sera from patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). Using these methods, it was possible to differentiate PSGN from acute nephritis occurring in patients without prior streptococcal infection. In both acute and chronic PSGN there were elevations in serum and urine gamma globulin which were not... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stanley H. Bernstein, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Jona Allerhand, M.D.; James I. Berkman, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 337-338KeywordsGlomerulonephritisImmunoelectrophoresisNephritisPaper electrophoresisProteinsRabbitsRenal diseasesSerum proteinsStreptococcal infectionsUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Influence of Gastric Acidity on Bacterial and Parasitic Enteric Infections
Authors: RALPH A. GIANNELLA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

In the early twentieth century various investigators believed that patients with reduced gastric acid secretion were especially susceptible to bacterial enteric infections. Since many bacteria are promptly killed in an acidic environment, gastric acidity was thought to act as a "barrier" to ingested microorganisms. Despite a century of study, the concept of a "gastric barrier" to ingested microorganisms is still insufficiently understood. In this paper we update the older observations and discuss the interaction between bacteria and gastric acid, and other variables that may influence the survival of ingested bacteria in the stomach. In addition to recent data dealing with nontyphoidal salmonellosis, cholera, and shigellosis, we present information pertinent to other bacterial and parasitic enteric diseases. We believe that the available data, although incomplete, support the concept that gastric hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria increases both susceptibility to and severity of bacterial and perhaps also of certain parasitic enteric infections.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of IL-5 synthesis in atopic diseases: A study with allergen-specific human helper T cells
Authors: Akio Mori, Osamu Kaminuma, Matsunobu Suko, Tadashi Mikami, Yoko Nishizaki, Takeo Ohmura, Akihiko Hoshino, Yumiko Asakura, Keiji Miyazawa, Toru Ando, Yasushi Okumura, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Hizokazu Okudaira
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
Statins and Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Jin-Fu Xu, George R. Washko, Kiichi Nakahira, Hiroto Hatabu, Avignat S. Patel, Isis E. Fernandez, Mizuki Nishino, Yuka Okajima, Tsuneo Yamashiro, James C. Ross, Raúl San José Estépar, Alejandro A. Diaz, Hui-Ping Li, Jie-Ming Qu, Blanca E. Himes, Carolyn E. Come, Katherine D'Aco, Fernando J. Martinez, MeiLan K. Han, David A. Lynch, James D. Crapo, Danielle Morse, Stefan W. Ryter, Edwin K. Silverman, Ivan O. Rosas, Augustine M. K. Choi, Gary M. Hunninghake
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

The role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) in the development or progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is controversial.To evaluate the association between statin use and ILD.We used regression analyses to evaluate the association between statin use and interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in a large cohort of smokers from COPDGene. Next, we evaluated the effect of statin pretreatment on bleomycin-induced fibrosis in mice and explored the mechanism behind these observations in vitro.In COPDGene, 38% of subjects with ILA were taking statins compared with 27% of subjects without ILA. Statin use was positively associated in ILA (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.50; P = 0.04) after adjustment for covariates including a history of high cholesterol or coronary artery disease. This association was modified by the hydrophilicity of statin and the age of the subject. Next, we demonstrate that statin administration aggravates lung injury and fibrosis in bleomycin-treated mice. Statin pretreatment enhances caspase-1-mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro; the latter responses were abolished in bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from Nlrp3(-/-) and Casp1(-/-) mice. Finally, we provide further insights by demonstrating that statins enhance NLRP3-inflammasome activation by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation in macrophages.Statin use is associated with ILA among smokers in the COPDGene study and enhances bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in the mouse through a mechanism involving enhanced NLRP3-inflammasome activation. Our findings suggest that statins may influence the susceptibility to, or progression of, ILD. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00608764).
Rectal perforation caused by mesalazine enema in a patient with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Keiichiro Kume, Tatsuyuki Watanabe, Jyunnzi Oshima, Ichiro Yoshikawa, Masaru Harada
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

We report on a rare complication of rectal perforation caused by mesalazine enema in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
Delivery of I[kappa ]B superrepressor gene with adenovirus reduces early alcohol-induced liver injury in rats
Authors: Takehiko Uesugi, Matthias Froh, Gavin E. Arteel, Blair U. Bradford, Erwin Gábele, Michael D. Wheeler, Ronald G. Thurman
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Chronic alcohol administration increases gut-derived endotoxin in the portal blood, which activates Kupffer cells through nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) to produce toxic mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines, leading to liver injury. Therefore, a long-term intragastric ethanol feeding protocol was used here to test the hypothesis that NF-kappaB inhibition would prevent early alcohol-induced liver injury. Adenoviral vectors encoding either the transgene for IkappaB superrepressor (AdIkappaB-SR) or the bacterial beta-galactosidase reporter gene (AdlacZ) were administered intravenously to Wistar rats. Animals were fed a high-fat liquid diet with either ethanol or isocaloric maltose-dextrin (control) for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in mean urine alcohol concentrations between the groups fed ethanol. IkappaB-SR expression was increased for up to 2 weeks after injection, but was undetectable at 3 weeks. NF-kappaB activation was increased by ethanol and associated with up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). These increases were blunted significantly up to 2 weeks by AdIkappaB-SR. Dietary alcohol significantly increased liver to body weight ratios and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in AdlacZ-treated animals, effects that were blunted significantly in AdIkappaB-SR-treated rats. Ethanol caused severe steatosis, inflammation, and focal necrosis in AdlacZ-treated animals. These pathologic changes were significantly decreased by AdIkappaB-SR. The protective effects of IkappaB-SR were significant 2 weeks after injection, but were lost at 3 weeks when IkappaB-SR was no longer expressed. Ethanol increased 4-hydroxynonenal as a maker of oxidative stress in both AdlacZ and AdIkappaB groups. These data support the hypothesis that NF-kappaB inhibition prevents early alcohol-induced liver injury even in the presence of oxidative stress.
THE EVALUATION OF IATROGENIC ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AFTER CATHETER-BASED MITRAL VALVE CLIP REPAIR; TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Takeji Saito, Masaki Izumo, Yoko Fukuoka, Azusa Furugen, Jun Tanaka, Kenji Harada, Swaminatha Gurudevan, Kirsten Tolstrup, Robert Siegel, Saibal Kar, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Detection of Melanoma Cells Displaying Multiple Genomic Changes in Histopathologically Negative Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Authors: Anja Ulmer, Jörg R. Fischer, Stefan Schanz, Karl Sotlar, Helmut Breuninger, Klaus Dietz, Gerhard Fierlbeck, Christoph A. Klein
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Improved detection of early-disseminated melanoma cells may eventually translate into more effective patient care. We present a novel strategy for detection of melanoma cells in sentinel lymph nodes and confirm their malignant descent by genomic characterization. Experimental Design: In sentinel lymph nodes from 358 melanoma patients, we prospectively compared the rates of tumor cell detection between immunocytochemistry using HMB45 and Melan A antibodies on disaggregated lymph node samples and standard histopathology (H&amp;E staining and immunostaining on tissue sections). Immunocytochemical melanoma cell detection was controlled by testing lymph node samples from 59 nonmelanoma patients and by isolation and comparative genomic analysis of 30 antigen-positive cells. Results: Of the 358 patients, 43 (12%) were positive by standard histopathology, whereas HMB45 immunocytochemistry detected 159 of 358 (44%) positive patients. None of the control samples reacted with the HMB45 antibody. Reexamination of samples that were classified as negative by histopathology revealed that extensive serial sectioning would be necessary to achieve sensitivity similar to HMB45 immunocytochemistry. Interestingly, both the number of immunocytochemically positive samples and the number of positive cells in the sentinel node correlated with the thickness of the primary tumor (r = 0.34; P = 0.001 and P &amp;lt; 0.0001, respectively). Twenty-four of 30 isolated immunocytochemically positive cells (80%) displayed chromosomal aberrations, some of which were isolated from histopathologically negative nodes. Conclusion: Immunocytochemical detection of melanoma cells in sentinel lymph nodes is superior to standard histopathology. It remains to be determined whether the detection and genomic characterization of isolated melanoma cells in sentinel lymph nodes will provide relevant prognostic information.
The estrogenicity of bisphenol A-related diphenylalkanes with various substituents at the central carbon and the hydroxy groups.
Authors: P Perez, R Pulgar, F Olea-Serrano, M Villalobos, A Rivas, M Metzler, V Pedraza, N Olea
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The chemical structure of hydroxylated diphenylalkanes or bisphenols consists of two phenolic rings joined together through a bridging carbon. This class of endocrine disruptors that mimic estrogens is widely used in industry, particularly in plastics. Bisphenol F, bisphenol A, fluorine-containing bisphenol A (bisphenol AF), and other diphenylalkanes were found to be estrogenic in a bioassay with MCF7 human breast cancer cells in culture (E-SCREEN assay). Bisphenols promoted cell proliferation and increased the synthesis and secretion of cell type-specific proteins. When ranked by proliferative potency, the longer the alkyl substituent at the bridging carbon, the lower the concentration needed for maximal cell yield; the most active compound contained two propyl chains at the bridging carbon. Bisphenols with two hydroxyl groups in the para position and an angular configuration are suitable for appropriate hydrogen bonding to the acceptor site of the estrogen receptor. Our data suggest that estrogenicity is influenced not only by the length of the substituents at the bridging carbon but also by their nature. Because diphenylalkane derivatives are widespread and their production and use are increasing, potential exposure of humans to estrogenic bisphenols is becoming a significant issue. The hazardous effects of inadvertent exposure to bisphenol-releasing chemicals in professional workers and the general populations therefore deserve investigation.
EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO THE SUN ON THE CIRCULATING LYMPHOCYTES IN MAN
Authors: Herbert D. Taylor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

Chronic solar dermatitis was accompanied, in 25 of the 38 individuals studied, by an appreciable increase, percentage and absolute, in the number of circulating lymphocytes. In eight there was a definite decrease and in five no appreciable change after prolonged exposure to the rays of the summer sun. Of the thirteen subjects with no increase in blood lymphocytes, six failed to tan, three were so dark originally that to determine an increase was impossible, and five had an extremely high lymphocyte count at the first count. Blood counts on white persons living in the Philippines indicate that the blood lymphocytes are likewise increased after a prolonged period of residence in the tropical zone. Because of the parallelism between the tanning and the blood changes it seems probable that the lymphocytosis observed in the majority of instances, which is similar to the response of the blood of animals to small doses of the x-rays, is due to the effects of the ultra-violet rays contained in the solar spectrum.
FDG PET/CT Detection of Intussusception Caused by Aggressive Fibromatosis
Authors: Zhaohui Zhu, Fang Li, Hongming Zhuang, Jue Yan, Chenxi Wu, Wuying Cheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 55-year-old woman with worsening abdominal pain for 2 months underwent FDG PET/CT to evaluate possible malignancy. A focus of intense FDG uptake was observed in the region of the cecum and ascending colon on PET images, suspicious for malignancy. The corresponding CT images showed an ovoid-shape mass causing ileocolic intussusception. The intussusception was resolved by surgically dissecting the mass. The pathologic diagnosis was aggressive fibromatosis.
Blood Vessel Growth
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Our United States legacy: lessons learned from the British Empire
Authors: Judith L. Swain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

History can teach us important lessons, and I have chosen to talk about lessons that we Americans can learn from the rise and fall of the British Empire, and from the legacy that empire has left us. The history of the British Empire, or of any empire for that matter, illustrates an important lesson for the US — that one’s dominance in the world can be relatively fleeting in the grand scheme of things. I’d like to give a short review of the history of the British Empire to provide a feel for the active time frame of a modern empire, and then review some of the legacies that empire has left us. Then I’d like to turn and look at some of the possible legacies that we, as citizens of the United States, might leave to future generations. The British Empire was the largest physical empire in history, and for over 2 centuries the foremost global power. The emphasis that England put on discovery, in the form of maritime exploration, formed the roots of the British Empire in the 15th century. For the US, discovery in the form of science and technology forms the basis of much of our dominance today. Britain’s
A CASE OF PARASITIC HEMOPTYSIS OR INFECTION WITH THE DISTOMA WESTERMANII.
Authors: A. D. MACKENZIE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The value of the examination of sputum for tubercle bacilli depends almost solely on their presence, and it is generally recognized that repeated failure to find them does not exclude the existence of tuberculosis in the lungs. This fact is intimately connected in its relation to differential diagnosis, with the characteristics of the sputum in parasitic hemoptysis, for in this disease some of the general symptoms of tuberculosis, such as emaciation, general weakness and anemia, are usually associated with the continued expectoration of bloodstained, mucopurulent material. There are obvious reasons, especially applicable to certain parts of the United States, why parasitic hemoptysis should be excluded in cases suspected of being tuberculous, and in which the sputum is free from tubercle bacilli, although it continuously possesses various admixtures with blood. This is illustrated by the following account of a case admitted to my service in the St. Vincent's
Fibrinolytic therapy for unstable angina — A double blind placebo-controlled trial with alteplase
Authors: Michael J. Roberts, Albert J. McNeill, Gavin W.N. Dalzell, Daniel J. Flannery, Carol M. Wilson, George C. Patterson, Sam W. Webb, Norman P.S. Campbell, Mazhar M. Khan, Adeniyi O. Molajo, A.A.Jennifer Adgey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Bacteriology of abscesses of the CNS.
Authors: A J Keogh
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ruling out the presence of bony secondaries, confirming the indication for primary surgical treatment.Whole-body bone scanning is easy to perform, non-invasive in nature, takes 30 minutes of the patient's time, and costs approximately £6.It should be routinely performed in the staging of carcinoma of the bronchus.
Intrahepatic arterial versus intravenous fluorouracil and folinic acid for colorectal cancer liver metastases: a multicentre randomised trial
Authors: David J Kerr, Colin S McArdle, Jonathan Ledermann, Irving Taylor, David J Sherlock, Peter M Schlag, John Buckels, David Mayer, Dionne Cain, Richard J Stephens
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
Plasma Cells and IL-4 in Chronic Bronchitis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Jie Zhu, Yusheng Qiu, Monica Valobra, Shengyang Qiu, Swati Majumdar, Dean Matin, Virginia De Rose, Peter K. Jeffery
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Airway wall inflammation, IL-4, and mucus hypersecretion are thought to be associated.Objectives: To quantify bronchial inflammatory cells in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB) with and without airflow obstruction (AO), determining the cells expressing IL-4 and IL-5 and their association with submucosal gland mucin.Methods: We applied immunohistochemistry to identify, and double-labeling to colocalize, IL-4 and IL-5 to distinct inflammatory cells in resected bronchi from (1) 11 asymptomatic smokers (AS), (2) 11 smokers with CB, and (3) 10 smokers with CB and AO.Measurements and Main Results: There were greater numbers of mucosal and gland CD45+ leukocytes in CB (epithelium, 673/mm2; subepithelium, 698/mm2; gland, 517/mm2) than in AS (331, 237, and 178/mm2, respectively; p < 0.01 for all) or CB + AO (375, 243, and 215/mm2, respectively; p < 0.05 for all). There were greater numbers of subepithelial and submucosal gland plasma cells in CB (subepithelium, 110/mm2; gland, 213/mm2) compared with AS (38 and 41/mm2, respectively; p < 0.01 for both), and more subepithelial mast cells in CB (204/mm2) than in AS (65/mm2; p < 0.01) or CB + AO (115/mm2; p < 0.01). In CB, the percentage of gland occupied by mucin was positively correlated with the numbers of interstitial CD45+ cells, plasma cells, and IL-4 protein+ cells. In CB, 69 and 62% of gland-associated plasma cells expressed IL-4 and IL-5, respectively.Conclusions: Inflammatory cells are increased in bronchial submucosal glands and mucosa of large airways in smokers with CB. Gland-associated plasma cells express IL-4, and these likely promote mucus hypersecretion.
I Remember Nothing More: The Warsaw Children's Hospital and the Jewish Resistance
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1991)

If it had not been for the Nazi invasion of Poland, Adina Blady Szwajger might have been a pediatrician working among academically inclined colleagues on a staff with many other women physicians, treating the relatively few sick children of a cosmopolitan European city. Instead, Dr Szwajger spent the war in her native Warsaw, both inside the Jewish ghetto and out, alternately plying her trade on uniformly doomed children and working the resistance. After war's end, she went on to practice medicine for 40 years. "But," she writes, "somewhere underneath I thought that I had no right to carry out my profession. After all, one does not start one's work as a doctor by leading people not to life but to death.... And it does not help me that I know that it was all in order to save people's lives, that it was all necessary... along the way something was
The Clinical Significance of Aminoaciduria
Authors: Irving B. Brick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE observation of an excess of amino acids in urine has received little attention from the clinician. In recent years clinical investigators have noted the finding in various conditions, usually obscure in character, and have attempted to clarify its meaning. In a few diseases the presence of aminoaciduria is leading to new concepts of the nature of the condition studied. Since it appears that aminoaciduria may have importance in the basic understanding of some pathologic processes, a review of current knowledge of the subject is undertaken.The amino acid nitrogen concentration of the plasma, which remains quite constant at 3 . . .
The inhibition of TNF-α-induced E-selectin expression in endothelial cells via the JNK/NF-κB pathways by highly N-acetylated chitooligosaccharides
Authors: Chia-Wen Lin, Li-Jing Chen, Pei-Ling Lee, Chih-I Lee, Jui-Che Lin, Jeng-Jiann Chiu
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)