tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4801: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from subchronic exposure to butylated-hydroxytoluene (BHT) inhibits gap junctional communication in a toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner.
Authors: Thomas Hill, Carla-Maria Alexander, Alison K. Bauer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Subchronic dosing of BHT in mice is a well-known model used to discretely study the tumor promotion stage of lung adenocarcinoma. Using this model, we have previously shown that functional toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is protective against inflammatory sequelae and primary tumor formation in the mouse lung. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been shown to regulate the signal transduction pathways of cells, and inhibition of this communication by toxicant exposure has been linked to dysregulation and eventual carcinogenic endpoints. As part of our research on the protective nature of TLR4 during tumor promotion, we utilized the BHT subchronic model (4 weekly i.p. doses of BHT) to examine the early effects on BALF in both BALB/c (BALB; Tlr4 sufficient) and C.C3H-Tlr4Lps-d mice (BALBLps-d-d; Tlr4 mutant). Analysis of the BALF 24 hours after the final dose for protein content and cytology was indicative of an inflammatory profile in all mice treated with BHT. Magnitude of response to BHT was highest in the BALBLps-d mice; the BALB appeared resistant. In an effort to further characterize the response of the pulmonary epithelium, the BALF samples were used to treat cultured C10 cells, a murine immortalized line derived from BALB/c alveolar type II cells, which are a precursor cell type for adenocarcinoma. Using the scrape-load dye transfer assay, a well-defined method to measure GJIC, we demonstrated marked inhibition of cellular communication after a 4 hour exposure to cell-free BALF that is both treatment and strain dependent. The direction and magnitude of effect is in parallel with that of the direct analysis of the BALF, i.e. we observed more inhibition in BALF from BALBLps-d compared to BALB mice. In addition, quantitative PCR (QPCR) analysis of C10 cells exposed to cell-free BALF for 24 hours indicates alterations in the transcription patterns in genes of innate immunity that are also treatment and strain dependent. These novel findings suggest endocrine signaling from the inflammatory milieu are complicit in the inhibition of GJIC during the promotion phase of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, these data establish a link between active gap junctions, tumor promotion, and the protective nature of TLR4 in an ex vivo model which will facilitate a mechanistic examination of these protective effects at the molecular level. Funded by ACS RSG-10-162-01-LIB (AKB). Citation Format: Thomas Hill, Carla-Maria Alexander, Alison K. Bauer. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from subchronic exposure to butylated-hydroxytoluene (BHT) inhibits gap junctional communication in a toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4801. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4801
Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal basement membrane laminin and type IV collagen in bullous lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: T. KARTTUNEN, H. AUTIO-HARMAINEN, O. RASANEN, J. RISTELI, L. RISTELI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Antibodies against the human basement membrane proteins, laminin and the 7-S domain of type IV collagen, were used to study the epidermal basement membrane in lesional skin from four patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. The staining pattern of both antigens was mostly fragmented and sometimes absent on papillary microabscesses, but when present it was attached to the epidermal basal cells. On papillary microblisters and larger blisters the staining of both antigens showed discontinuities and was located in the floor of the blister, except for two cases where tiny fragments of laminin staining were also seen in the roof of larger blisters. These results suggest that blister formation in dermatitis herpetiformis takes place between the epidermal basal cells and the basement membrane.
Statins and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Yu-Tse Tsan, Chang-Hsing Lee, Jung-Der Wang, Pau-Chung Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Statins have potential protective effects against cancers, but no studies have focused on patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the use of statins in HBV-infected patients and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).We conducted a population-based cohort study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 33,413 HBV-infected patients were included as the study cohort. Each patient was individually tracked from 1997 to 2008 to identify incident cases of HCC since 1999. Subsequent use of statin, other lipid-lowering agents, aspirin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was identified. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association between the use of statins and the occurrence of HCC in the HBV-infected cohort.There were 1,021 HCCs in the HBV cohort during the follow-up period of 328,946 person-years; the overall incidence rate was 310.4 HCCs per 100,000 person-years. There was a dose-response relationship between statin use and the risk of HCC in the HBV cohort. The adjusted HRs were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.99), 0.41 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.61), and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.67) for statin use of 28 to 90, 91 to 365, and more than 365 cumulative defined daily doses (cDDDs), respectively, relative to no statin use (< 28 cDDDs).Statin use may reduce the risk for HCC in HBV-infected patients in a dose-dependent manner. Further mechanistic research is needed.
Formate in serum and urine after controlled methanol exposure at the threshold limit value.
Authors: A d'Alessandro, J D Osterloh, P Chuwers, P J Quinlan, T J Kelly, C E Becker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Methanol will be present as a new air pollutant when methanol-powered vehicles are introduced in the United States. Little is known about the effect of low-dose methanol exposure. It is controversial whether or not formate, the main metabolite responsible for methanol's acute toxicity, is a sensitive biological marker of toxicity or exposure. We studied the effect of a 4-hr exposure at rest to 200 ppm of methanol vapors on endogenous serum formate and on urinary formic acid excretion. A randomized, double-blind study of human exposure to a constant concentration of methanol was performed in a whole-body exposure chamber. Twenty-six healthy volunteers, each serving as his or her own control, participated in sham and methanol exposures. Urine (at 0, 4, 8 hr) and serum specimens (15 time points over 8 hr) collected before, during, and after the exposure were measured for formate. We found no significant differences in serum formate concentration between exposure and control conditions either at any time point or for area under the curve. Mean concentrations at the end of the exposure were: exposed 14.28 +/- 8.90 mg/l and control 12.68 +/- 6.43 mg/l. A slight, but nonsignificant (p = 0.08), increase in urine formate excretion rate was found at 4 hr (exposed 2.17 +/- 1.69 mg/4 hr and control 1.67 +/- 1.02 mg/4 hr). Age, sex, folic acid level, and smoking were not significant covariates. At 200 ppm, methanol exposure does not contribute substantially to endogenous formate quantities. Serum and urine formate determinations are not sensitive biological markers of methanol exposure at the threshold limit value.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of p27 (Kip1) in Human Pituitary Glands and in Various Types of Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Kiyoteru Komatsubara, Shigeyuki Tahara, Katsuya Umeoka, Naoko Sanno, Akira Teramoto, R Yoshiyuki Osamura
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2001)
Dose response curves for the effect of gastrin II on acid gastric secretion in man
Authors: G. M. Makhlouf, J. P. A. McManus, W. I. Card
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPsJS The acid gastric secretory response pattem of a single human subject to gastrin II by injection has been subjected to detailed statistical analysis.Both linear and sigmoid relationships between log dose and response were obtained, depending upon the parameters selected.There is a preliminary indication that the maximal acid response to gastrin II is similar to the maximal acid response to histamine.
Opportunities for prevention: Hepatitis C prevalence and incidence in a cohort of young injection drug users
Authors: Cari L. Miller, Caitlin Johnston, Patricia M. Spittal, Kathy Li, Nancy LaLiberté, Julio S. G. Montaner, Martin T. Schechter
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The objective of this study was to compare sociodemographic, drug, and sexual risk characteristics between hepatitis C virus (HCV) baseline positive and negative young (13-24 years) injection drug users (IDUs) and to determine prospective risk factors for HCV seroconversion among the youth. Data were collected through the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study (VIDUS). To date, more than 1,400 Vancouver-area IDUs have been enrolled and followed up; 234 were aged 24 years and younger. Semiannually, participants have completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and have undergone serologic testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken to investigate predictors of baseline HCV positivity. In the multivariate analyses, Cox regression models with time-dependent covariates were used to identify predictors of HCV seroconversion. Of the 232 young injectors, 107 (46%) were HCV positive at baseline and a further 37 HCV seroconverted during the study period for an incidence rate of 37.3 per 100 person-years. Baseline positivity was associated with Aboriginal ancestry, older age, greater number of years injecting drugs, recent incarceration, sex trade work, more than 100 lifetime sexual partners, a previous sexually transmitted disease, living in the IDU epicenter, and injection more than once per day of heroin, cocaine, and speedball. Factors independently associated with HCV seroconversion were having a partner who uses injection drugs, requiring help to inject, and injection of cocaine more than once daily. In conclusion, unlike older IDUs, more than one half of young injectors were HCV negative at recruitment. Thus, there is a window of opportunity for prevention. However, the incidence rate of HCV among these young IDUs is alarming, suggesting that the opportunity to intervene is exceedingly small.
Abstract P5-14-17: Post-lumpectomy tumorbed delineation for breast boost or partial breast irradiation: The influence of additional MRI and CT imaging
Authors: MD den Hartogh, MEP Philippens, IE van Dam, CE Kleynen, RJHA Tersteeg, ANTJ Kotte, M van Vulpen, B van Asselen, DHJG van den Bongard
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Rationale/Purpose In early stage breast cancer patients, most recurrences occur in the vicinity of the original tumor location. Therefore, after initial lumpectomy it is important to accurately delineate the tumorbed (TB) area for breast boost and partial breast irradiation on the planning-CT scan. However, consistency in TB delineation among radiation oncologists is low on standard CT imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional pre- and postoperative MRI and CT imaging could increase consistency in standard CT-guided target volume delineation among radiation oncologists. Methods Fourteen cT1-2 patients underwent MRI and CT imaging in supine radiotherapy position before and after lumpectomy. TBs were delineated by 4 breast radiation oncologists following delineation guidelines on the standard postoperative planning-CT alone, and planning-CT registered to 1) postoperative MRI (T1 (with and without fat suppression) and T2 weighted sequences) 2) preoperative contrast-enhanced (CE) CT, and 3) preoperative CE-MRI (T1 weighted sequence with fat suppression). Consistency was defined by the conformity index (CI), which was calculated by dividing the encompassing volume of each observer pair, by the volume of overlap for each observer pair. Furthermore, volumes and the distance between centres of mass (dCOM) of the delineated TBs were determined. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare variables between different imaging modalities, with a significance level of a = 0.05. Results Results of the analysis are shown in Table 1. Addition of a postoperative MRI to the standard postoperative planning CT did not influence the CI (p = 0.176) or dCOM (p = 0.110). However, the TB volumes increased significantly with a median increase of 6 cm3 (p&amp;lt;0.001). Addition of a preoperative CT or MRI increased the CI by 0.01 and 0.02 (both p&amp;lt;0.001). Furthermore, preoperative CT and MRI increased dCOM (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001) and volumes (both p&amp;lt;0.001). Table 1 medianrange p-valueVolume (cm3) CT224-934 CT + postoperative MRI283-964&amp;lt;0.001CT + preoperative CT266-933&amp;lt;0.001CT + preoperative MRI257-933&amp;lt;0.001 Conformity index CT0.570.00-0.90 CT + postoperative MRI0.610.00-0.890.176CT + preoperative CT0.580.00-0.90&amp;lt;0.001CT + preoperative MRI0.590.00-0.89&amp;lt;0.001 dCOM (mm) CT50-53 CT + postoperative MRI40-520.110CT + preoperative CT31-420.004CT + preoperative MRI50-480.001 Conclusion Although significant, the addition of postoperative MRI, preoperative CE-CT or preoperative CE-MRI did not result in a clinically relevant improvement of the consistency in postoperative CT-guided TB delineation among radiation oncologists. Furthermore, target volumes increased with all imaging modalities. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-14-17.
Efficacy of extermination/intensive cleaning in reduction of cockroach allergen in inter-city North Carolina homes
Authors: M. Sever, S. Arbes, J.C. Gore, L. Liu, E. Long, J. Archer, E. Nuebler, M. Walter, H. Mitchell, C. Schal, D.C. Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Cluster analysis and disease mapping--why, when, and how? A step by step guide
Authors: S. F Olsen, M. Martuzzi, P. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Growing public awareness of environmental hazards has led to an increased demand for public health authorities to investigate geographical clustering of diseases.Although such cluster analysis is nearly always ineffective in identifying causes ofdisease, it often has to be used to address public concern about environmental hazards.Interpreting the resulting data is not straightforward, however, and this paper presents a guide for the non-specialist.The pitfalls include the fact that cluster analyses are usually done post hoc, and not as a result of a prior hypothesis.This is particularly true for investigations prompted by reported clusters, which have the inherent danger of overestimating the disease rate through "boundary shrinkage" of the population from which the cases are assumed to have arisen.In disease surveillance the problem ofmaking multi- ple comparisons can be overcome by testing for clustering and autocorrelation.When rates of dis- ease are illustrated in disease maps undue focus on areas where random fluctuation is greatest can be minimised by smoothing techniques.Despite the fact that cluster analyses rarely prove fruitful in identifying causation, they may-like single case reports-have the potential to generate new knowledge.
Hodgkin's Disease, Hypothyroidism, and Hyperthermia
Authors: YALE S. ARKEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1982Hodgkin's Disease, Hypothyroidism, and HyperthermiaYALE S. ARKEL, M.D., ANDREAS A. SAVOPOULOS, M.D.YALE S. ARKEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANDREAS A. SAVOPOULOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-5-682_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We report the case of a ritualistic jogger who developed hyperthermia while jogging 8 months after she was found to have Hodgkin's disease.A 39-year-old white woman presented with an enlarged left cervical lymph node and was found, after exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy in April 1980, to have Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis type, stage II A. She was subsequently treated with mantle radiation (total, 4000 rad). Her medical history included hyperthyroidism treated initially with propylthiouracil and then by subtotal thyroidectomy in 1974. After radiation therapy for the Hodgkin's disease was completed, the patient developed hypothyroidism, which was...References1. WYNDHAM C. Heat stroke and hyperthermia in marathon runners. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1971;301:128-38. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. NINININI WN. Post splenectomy hyperthermia: current status of the problem. Rev Mod Moyen Orient. 1965;22:333-7. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: YALE S. ARKEL, M.D.; ANDREAS A. SAVOPOULOS, M.D.Affiliations: St. Michael's Medical Center Newark, NJ 07102 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1982Volume 96, Issue 5Page: 682-682KeywordsHodgkin lymphomaHyperthermiaHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismLaparotomyLymph nodesRadiation therapySplenectomyThyroidectomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
High plasma calcitonin concentrations in chronic bronchitis.
Authors: F G Galan, J Hurtado, R P Cano, M G Peralta
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers in patients aged over 65The use of beta-blockers in elderly patients with hypertension has been questioned owing to the increased incidence of heart failure in this age group.As our clinical impression at the outpatient hyper- tension clinic was that beta-blockers were well tolerated by elderly patients,' we decided to analyse the use and tolerability of beta- blockers in all patients over 65 who were being treated with these drugs, with special reference to the occurrence of heart failure. Patients, methods, and resultsA total of 301 patients aged over 65 years were being treated at the clinic.Two hundred and seventeen of these were aged from 65 to 69, 58 from 70 to 74, and 26 over 75.Each year the doctors complete a computer record form for each patient with standardised questions about the case history, current antihypertensive treatment, side effects, and reasons for changes in treatment.Dyspnoea on exertion was diagnosed as heart failure if treatment with diuretics or digitalis was indicated.Analysis of the prescription of beta-blockers in the different groups showed that three-quarters of the patients from 65 to 74 years and half of those aged over 75 were receiving beta-blockade.Analysis of the total treat- ment showed that 42 (14%) were receiving beta-blockers alone, 51 (17%) were receiving diuretics alone, and 193 (64%) were receiving combined treatment with beta-blockers and diuretics or other drug combinations; 15 (5%) were receiving no treatment.The mean dose for the two most commonly used beta-blockers was 189 mg/day for the beta,-selective meto- prolol and 252 mg/day for the non-selective propranolol.Analysis of the blood pressures showed good pressure control of 156/91 mm Hg in those aged 65-69, 166/94 mm Hg in those aged 70-74, and 174/93 mm Hg in those aged over 75.Changes of the beta-blocker medication fell into three groups: discon- tinuation (21 patients (10%)), reduction of the dose (12 patients (5-5%)), and change to another type (49 patients (22.5 %))-for example, from a non- selective to a beta,-selective blocker (30 patients (14%)).The reasons for changing from a non-selective to a beta,-selective blocker were similar to those leading to withdrawal of beta-blockade (see table ).Heart failure was diagnosed in 23 patients, of whom 16 (70%) were on beta-blockade in combination with diuretics, digitalis, or both.Reason for withdrawal of beta-blockers No % Sleep disturbances
Medium-Chain Triglycerides
Authors: Robert W. Harkins
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A medium-chain triglyceride mixture (MCT) has recently become available, providing a special source of fat, containing triglycerides of octanoic and decanoic acids, C<sub>8</sub>and C<sub>10</sub>fatty acids, respectively. These triglycerides are digested and absorbed differently from the long-chain triglycerides which comprise most dietary fats. Thus MCT may be useful in the nutritional management of subjects with impaired fat digestion or absorption. The medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), octanoic and decanoic acid, are present in small concentrations in the milk of different animal species and comprise about 15% of the fatty acids of coconut oil, the commercial source of MCT. In preparation, coconut oil is hydrolyzed, the fatty acids are fractionally distilled to isolate the octanoic and decanoic acid fraction, and this is esterified with glycerol. The resulting oil contains approximately 75% of the fatty acids as octanoic and 25% as decanoic acid, and is more readily miscible with water
Popliteal cyst rupture in normal knee joints.
Authors: D G Macfarlane, P A Bacon
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Rupture of popliteal cysts is a well-recognised cause of pain and swelling in the calf.Confusion may arise because the symptoms and signs resemble those produced by a deep venous throm- bosis.1 2 3 The important differentiating factor is evidence of joint disease, so that a diagnosis of popliteal cyst rupture is unlikely to be considered in patients with healthy knee joints.We report on six patients in whom rupture of a popliteal cyst appears to have caused pain and swelling in the calf in the absence of underlying disease of the knee joint.Because this was thought not to occur, deep venous thrombosis of the calf was erroneously diagnosed. Case reportsCase 1-A fit 26-year-old man on holiday from Ireland developed pain in the back of the left calf while sightseeing on foot.There was no history of symptoms from the knee, and he denied having injured it, although he played gaelic football regularly.On examination there was slight periarticular swelling but no joint effusion.The calf was warm, swollen, and tender, and Homans' sign was positive.He was given anticoagulants, but because of the atypical history the diagnosis was recon- sidered.A venogram of the left leg was normal.An arthrogram of the left knee showed a popliteal cyst connected by a thin