tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired elastic properties of ascending aorta in patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: P N Margos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To investigate the elastic properties of the ascending aorta in untreated patients with giant cell arteritis compared with age and sex matched normal controls.Distensibility of the ascending aorta and aortic strain were measured in 22 patients with a recent diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (documented by a positive temporal artery biopsy) before initiation corticosteroid treatment, and in 44 age and sex matched healthy subjects. Aortic distensibility was calculated as 2x[pulsatile change in aortic diameter]/[(diastolic aortic diameter)x(aortic pulse pressure)], and aortic strain as [pulsatile change in aortic diameter]/[diastolic aortic diameter]. Aortic diameters were measured by echocardiography. Aortic pressures were obtained by external sphygmomanometry.Distensibility of the ascending aorta and aortic strain were both lower in patients with giant cell arteritis than in the controls (p<0.01). In the patients with giant cell arteritis, aortic distensibility was inversely correlated with white blood cell count (p<0.05), but not with erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C reactive protein.Compared with healthy subjects, aortic distensibility and aortic strain are decreased in patients with giant cell arteritis before initiation of corticosteroid treatment. There was an association between the degree of reduction of aortic distensibility and the white blood cell count in the patient group.
Four Questions about Protein Diets
Authors: Philip Felig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Recent reports from the Food and Drug Administration and Center for Disease Control have alerted the medical community to sudden death occurring in patients treated for obesity with low calorie liquid protein diets.1 A detailed report of one of these deaths appears elsewhere in this issue of the Journal. Thus far at least 15 cases have been reported of sudden death in women, without a previous history of cardiac or other underlying disease, who had adhered to a liquid protein, hypocaloric diet.1 The women were 23 to 51 years of age (mean of 38), had followed the diet for . . .
Hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with compensated hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis aware of their HCV status improves survival: A modeling approach
Authors: Abbas Mourad, Sylvie Deuffic-Burban, Nathalie Ganne-Carrié, Thibaud Renaut-Vantroys, Isabelle Rosa, Anne-Marie Bouvier, Guy Launoy, Stephane Cattan, Alexandre Louvet, Sébastien Dharancy, Jean-Claude Trinchet, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Philippe Mathurin
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Because of the ongoing debate on the benefit of ultrasound (US) screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we assessed the impact of screening on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related compensated cirrhosis patients aware of their HCV status. A Markov model simulated progression from HCC diagnosis to death in 700 patients with HCV-related compensated cirrhosis aware of their HCV status to estimate life expectancy (LE) and cumulative death at 5 years. Five scenarios were compared: S1, no screening; S2, screening by currently existing practices (57% access and effectiveness leading to the diagnosis of 42% at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage [BCLC-0/A]); S3, S2 with increased access (97%); S4, S2 with an efficacy of screening close to that achieved in a randomized controlled trial leading to the diagnosis of 87% of patients at stage BCLC-0/A; S5, S3+S4. The analysis was corrected for lead-time bias. Currently existing practices of HCC screening increased LE by 11 months and reduced HCC mortality at 5 years by 6% compared to no screening ( P = 0.0013). Compared to current screening practices, we found that: 1) increasing the rate of access to screening would increase LE by 7 months and reduce HCC mortality at 5 years by 5% ( P = 0.045); 2) optimal screening would increase LE by 14 months and reduce HCC mortality at 5 years by 9% ( P = 0.0002); 3) the combination of an increased rate of access and optimal effectiveness of HCC screening would increase LE by 31 months and decrease HCC mortality at 5 years by 20% ( P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion : The present study shows that US screening for HCC in patients with compensated HCV-related cirrhosis aware of their HCV status improves survival and emphasizes the crucial role of screening effectiveness. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:1471-1481)
High-dose therapy followed by autologous purged stem cell transplantation and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: a randomized multicenter study by the GOELAMS with final results after a median follow-up of 9 years
Authors: Emmanuel Gyan, Charles Foussard, Philippe Bertrand, Patrick Michenet, Steven Le Gouill, Christian Berthou, Hervé Maisonneuve, Vincent Delwail, Rémi Gressin, Philippe Quittet, Jean-Pierre Vilque, Bernard Desablens, Jérôme Jaubert, Jean-François Ramée, Nina Arakelyan, Antoine Thyss, Cécile Moluçon-Chabrot, Roselyne Delépine, Noël Milpied, Philippe Colombat, Eric Deconinck
Journal: Blood (2008)
The Etiology of Osteoporosis
Authors: Geoffrey M. Berlyne
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE cause of senile osteoporosis is unknown. There have been several pieces of evidence suggesting that excessive or unbalanced action of parathyroid hormone may be responsible.<sup>2</sup> We have now demonstrated that old persons with senile osteoporosis have high levels of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), that PTH levels are related to the degree of osteoporosis as measured morphometrically in the second metacarpal bone, and that PTH levels are directly correlated with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, which are significantly higher in old people. <h3>Methods</h3> Two groups of volunteers were studied: a young group of healthy army conscripts or healthy student nurses, 18 to 19 years of age, and an elderly group of otherwise healthy residents of the Beersheva Old People's Home, 65 years of age and over (mean age, 76.8 years). Roentgenographic examination of the hands was performed under standard conditions without a grid. The "area ratio" of the second
Notch signals spread breast cancer
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Cancer cells are more dangerous when they are on the move. Leong et al. (page 2935) now reveal that the Notch receptor sets cancer cells on this metastatic journey.






Figure 1

Human breast cancer cells that overexpress Notch (green) lose E-cadherin (red) and metastasize.




Breast cancer cells grow aggressively and enter the circulation when they stop expressing E-cadherin, which glues cells together. E-cadherin is suppressed by Notch signaling in some cell types during periods of development, when cells need to move around to form three-dimensional organs.

Increased levels of Notch and its ligand Jagged are found in breast cancer patients who have malignant tumors and are therefore less likely to survive. Leong et al. now find that Notch activation by Jagged frees cancer cells by shutting off their E-cadherin glue.

When Notch receptor levels were increased in E-cadherin–expressing human breast cancer cells, the cells turned on Slug—one of the several known transcriptional suppressors of E-cadherin. Slug levels were also increased in primary human breast cancers that had high levels of Jagged and Notch, suggesting that this Jagged–Notch–Slug pathway puts cancer cells on the road.

How Notch receptors are ramped up in cancer cells is unknown. But the availability of patients' cell lines that overexpress Notch receptors and ligands allowed the authors to transplant mice with human breast tumors. Mice transplanted with cancer cells that lacked E-cadherin developed metastatic tumors. The tumor growth and metastasis was prevented when E-cadherin expression was enforced by blocking Notch signaling with soluble Notch receptors. Whether these Notch inhibitors also block metastasis of human cancers remains to be tested.

Notch-mediated loss of E-cadherin also protected the cancer cells from apoptosis, which is normally triggered in cells that detach from their support structures. Metastasizing tumor cells that expressed Notch lacked caspase activity and thus survived the transit to new tumor sites. The team is now trying to understand how Notch blocks tumor cell apoptosis.
CARE OF POLIOMYELITIS PATIENT
Authors: Thomas C. Galloway
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journalof Oct. 11, 1952, page 607, Dr. Leona Baumgartner provides an excellent listing of standards for the care of poliomyelitis respirator patients. There is, I believe, one serious omission. No note is made of provision for continuous suction for removal of secretion from the pharynx. Such secretion may lead to grave anoxia by blocking or spasm if allowed to remain even a few minutes. Even with a tracheotomy, saliva or other fluid may overflow into the trachea owing to loss of the protective function of the larynx. In my experience no ordinary electrical suction apparatus is adequate for this removal, especially if it is used intermittently. A Venturi type of water suction apparatus or a central vacuum tank connected through a collecting bottle to a nasal catheter with the perforated end lying where secretion accumulates (usually in the hypopharynx) keeps the pharynx clear, prevents
Mendelian Randomization Study of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence of Causal Association from Population Studies
Authors: Roman Pfister, Stephen Sharp, Robert Luben, Paul Welsh, Inês Barroso, Veikko Salomaa, Aline Meirhaeghe, Kay-Tee Khaw, Naveed Sattar, Claudia Langenberg, Nicholas J. Wareham
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Using mendelian randomization, Roman Pfister and colleagues demonstrate a potentially causal link between low levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a hormone released by damaged hearts, and the development of type 2 diabetes.
Thyrombolysis, thyroid cancer, and the need for scepticism
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

This will be one of many examples of overdiagnosis being discussed next week (10-12 September) at the Preventing Overdiagnosis conference in Dartmouth, New Hampshire (www.preventingoverdiagnosis.net/).If you're not able to be there in person, do follow it on Twitter at #PODC2013.
Variation of Liver SUV on 18FDG-PET/CT Studies in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: David Groheux, Marc Delord, Domenico Rubello, Patrick M. Colletti, Minh-Loan Nguyen, Elif Hindié
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

It has been proposed to use liver as reference organ when assessing tumor response with PET. We investigated whether liver FDG uptake is dependent on clinical, biological, or technical factors.Sixty-one women with breast carcinoma had FDG-PET/CT imaging at baseline and then after the second course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. SUV values were measured over the primary breast tumor and in a region of interest of 30-mm diameter within the liver.Liver SUVmean values for the 61 women were not different before and after the 2 courses of chemotherapy (2.27 vs 2.35; P = 0.18). No significant correlation was found between the delay postinjection and liver SUV. Liver SUVmean increased with blood glucose level (P = 0.007 on baseline PET studies, and P = 0.067 on postchemotherapy studies). Liver SUVmean increased significantly with increasing patient age, which was observed on baseline (P = < 0.001) and postchemotherapy studies (P = 0.002). Again, liver SUVmean increased with body weight (P = 0.037 on baseline studies and 0.003 on postchemotherapy studies). On multivariate analysis, 2 independent variables remained correlated to liver SUV, namely, age and weight. We found no statistically significant correlation between the studied physiological variables and breast tumor SUVmax. However, there was a trend for lower SUVmax with increasing blood glucose level or age.FDG liver uptake depends on many factors such as age, weight, and blood glucose level. Some of these variables seem to have an opposite impact on tumor SUVmax. These findings challenge the usefulness of liver as reference.
Rectal carcinoma presenting as massive metastatic involvement of foot bones.
Authors: M J Sworn, R Buchanan, F J Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1978)

table for aspartate transaminase and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.The blood urea concentration was 3-6 mmol/l; serum concentrations of potassium were between 3-6 and 4-4 mmol/l, magnesium 0 75 mmol/l, and calcium 2-65 mmol/l.At necropsy there was an extensive inferior myocardial infarction.The macroscopic changes were compatible with the infarct having occurred two weeks previously.There was no evidence of perforation of the ventricular wall or recent extension of infarction.Cardiac enzyme concentrations (IU1l) Day
Response of Patients with Mild and Moderate Hemophilia A and von Willebrand's Disease to Treatment with Desmopressin
Authors: BEATRIZ de la FUENTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Desmopressin was administered intravenously to 68 patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease of mild or moderate severity to assess the safety, reproductibility, and range of response to this new therapeutic alternative. A rise in factor VIII-von Willebrand factor levels was seen in 64 patients, and the magnitude was sufficient to provide normal hemostasis in 55 ot 68 spontaneous or traumatic bleeding episodes, dental procedures, or operations. Thus, our experience shows that most patients with mild or moderate hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease can be treated effectively without plasma derivatives. Patients who had two or more infusions of desmopressin at different times had similar responses each time, and members of the same family also had similar responses after desmopressin infusions. Because this drug can be administered without significant side effects, it should have an important role in the management of patients with mild or moderate hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.
662 HEMORRHAGIC COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING INVASIVE PROCEDURES IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH NORMAL OR ABNORMAL COAGULOPATHY. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: G. Napolitano, M.R. Valvano, N. Caruso, A. Merla, W. Lauriola, A. Ippolito, D. Siena, G. Niro, F. Florio, A. Andriulli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Bone Metastasis: Monitoring and Treatment
Authors: James C. Arseneau
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This multiauthored book attempts to address the pathophysiology, screening and monitoring, management, and evaluation of response of metastatic bone disease—an ambitious undertaking, to be sure. The practical result is a not inappropriate focus on breast cancer and, to a much lesser extent, on prostate cancer, with only a cursory mention of other malignant neoplasms involving bone. The first section deals with the pathophysiology of metastatic bone disease. In addition to providing a scientific underpinning for the more clinically oriented sections that follow, these chapters provide a concise overview of a vast body of literature. Sections on screening for and monitoring and evaluation of response of bone metastases are mainly concerned with methods of imaging. While isotopic bone scanning is correctly identified as the single most valuable means to accomplish these goals, the authors make something of a plea for greater use of bone scans for screening and follow-up of metastatic
DESCENSUS AND SUSPENSION OF OVARIES.
Authors: A. GOLDSPOHN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The medical profession has during the last two decades been more especially interested in the<i>exciting causes</i>of disease, the infections, and the ravages of these microbic invasions. The transcending value of the conquests in this direction amply explained and justified this tendency. But we are finding out that the infections, after all, are generally playing only a part, and, in some cases, a small part, in the aggregate causation of many diseases. We recall the tenets of our fathers who spoke of<i>predisposing causes</i>and find that these are just as prevalent in our day. Within the female pelvis and abdomen these causes are created mostly by displacements of the internal generative organs, with the consequent embarrassment of their circulation and impaired trophic conditions. As pertaining to the uterus, this fact has been recognized for a long time by the majority of gynecologists and general practitioners, and it explains
<sup>1</sup> H NMR Spectroscopic Imaging of Myocardial Triglycerides in Excised Dog Hearts Subjected to 24 Hours of Coronary Occlusion
Authors: Ingrid M. Straeter-Knowlen, William T. Evanochko, Jan A. den Hollander, Paul E. Wolkowicz, James A. Balschi, James B. Caulfield, David D. Ku, Gerald M. Pohost
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Myocardial ischemic insult causes depression of fatty-acid β-oxidation and increased fatty-acid esterification with triglyceride (TG) accumulation. This accumulation has been demonstrated to occur in the territory with diminished blood flow surrounding an infarct, ie, the region at risk. To evaluate whether the extent of TG accumulation in the canine heart after 24 hours of ischemia could be detected, we applied myocardial 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic imaging (SI). Methods and Results Seven adult mongrel dogs underwent 24 hours of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Postmortem, the hearts were excised and the size and location of the infarct were determined. With a Philips 1.5-T clinical NMR imaging/spectroscopic system, two-dimensional (2D) 1 H NMR SI was performed. TG 1 H NMR chemical shift images were reconstructed from the frequency domain spectra by numerical integration. A statistically significant ( P &lt;.05) increase in TG signal intensity was demonstrated in the region at risk compared with the nonischemic control region. There was an intermediate quantity of TG in the infarct region. Biochemical determination of tissue TG content (milligrams per gram wet weight) in the control, at-risk, and infarct regions confirmed the 1 H NMR measurements. Histological evaluation with oil red O staining also demonstrated graded TG accumulation in myocytes. The highest TG levels were found in the at-risk region and the lowest levels in the control region. Conclusions By use of 2D 1 H NMR SI, the present study confirms and extends previous work that demonstrates preferential accumulation of TG in the reversibly injured myocardium after 24 hours of coronary occlusion. This study provides an important step toward the clinical application of TG imaging. When TG imaging is ultimately possible, resultant data would have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
Some Pathologic Conditions Associated With Renal and Adrenal Hypertension
Authors: Sheldon C. Sommers
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ALL chronic hypertensive states in human subjects manifest some renal or adrenal alterations, or both. Persistently elevated systemic blood pressures damage the delicate intrarenal and periadrenal arterioles to produce the familiar arteriolosclerotic changes and eventually varying degrees of parenchymal degeneration and atrophy with stromal fibrosis result. More cogent diagnostic and therapeutic problems than those provided by renal and adrenal lesions secondary to chronic hypertension are (1) the relatively uncommon primary renal or adrenal abnormalities responsible for increased blood pressures and (2) the renal or adrenal alterations that may secondarily exaggerate or maintain any hypertensive state. <h3>Primary Renal Hypertension</h3> Goldblatt's renal arterial clamping experiments are mirrored by the natural human condition in which either parts or all of one or both kidneys are served by stenotic renal arteries.<sup>1</sup>Quantitative determinations have not been made of the precise range of cross-sectional narrowing required to set off the Goldblatt mechanism. Usually the
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent Shunt: Effects on Hemodynamics and Sodium Homeostasis in Cirrhosis and Refractory Ascites
Authors: Florence Wong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To assess the effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on systemic and renal hemodynamics, neurohumoral factors, and sodium homeostasis in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites.Prospective study with 1-year follow-up.Tertiary referral center and university-affiliated hospital.7 patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites had metabolic studies done while receiving a 22 mmol/d sodium, 1 L/d fluid diet.TIPS insertion.Urinary sodium excretion, systemic and renal hemodynamics, hormonal profile, and central blood volume were measured before, at day 1 after, and at 1 month after TIPS insertion.Immediately after TIPS insertion, mean corrected sinusoid pressure decreased from 18.2 +/- 2.2 mm Hg to 7.7 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (P < 0.001); mean cardiac output increased from 6.83 +/- 0.68 L/min to 8.62 L/min (P = 0.005); and mean systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1018 +/- 103 dyne.s.cm-5 to 762 +/- 46 dyne.s.cm-5 (P = 0.011). Mean plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone levels, and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (5.8 +/- 0.7 mmol/d before TIPS insertion compared with 6.0 +/- 1.8 mmol/d 1 day after insertion) were unchanged; mean elevated plasma norepinephrine levels significantly increased. By 1 month after insertion, mean proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium had decreased, and this had led to a mean natriuresis of 15.1 +/- 3.1 mmol/d (P = 0.02 compared with baseline), which was associated with a decrease in plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels to within the normal range.Our results suggest that natriuresis associated with TIPS is delayed and occurs in the presence of increased systemic vasodilatation at 1 month after insertion and that TIPS insertion should not be done in any patients with refractory ascites without careful attention to cardiac and renal status. However, in carefully selected patients, TIPS is a safe and effective means of managing refractory ascites.
[343] PDGF-BB IS AN EFFECTIVE MITOGENIC AND CHEMOTACTIC STIMULUS FOR BONE MARROW-DERIVED HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS, PUTATIVE PRECURSORS OF PROFIBROGENIC MYOFIBROBLAST-LIKE CELLS
Authors: L. Valfre' di Bonzo, E. Novo, E. Zamara, S. Cannito, I. Ferrero, D. Rustichelli, S. Colombatto, M. Pinzani, S.T. Forbes, F. Fagioli, M. Parola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk.
Authors: M A Austin, M C King, K M Vranizan, R M Krauss
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In a community-based study of 301 subjects from 61 nuclear families, two distinct phenotypes (denoted A and B) were identified by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoretic analysis of low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses. Phenotype A was characterized by predominance of large, buoyant LDL particles, and phenotype B consisted of a major peak of small, dense LDL particles. Previous analysis of the family data by complex segregation analysis demonstrated that these phenotypes appear to be inherited as a single-gene trait. In the present study, the phenotypes were found to be closely associated with variations in plasma levels of other lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein measurements. Specifically, phenotype B was associated with increases in plasma levels of triglyceride and apolipoprotein B, with mass of very low and intermediate density lipoproteins, and with decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL2 mass, and plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I. Thus, the proposed genetic locus responsible for LDL subclass phenotypes also results in an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype.