tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation between humoral responses to HIV gag and env proteins at seroconversion and clinical outcome of HIV infection.
Authors: R Cheingsong-Popov, C Panagiotidi, S Bowcock, A Aronstam, J Wadsworth, J Weber
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To study the contribution of the humoral response to HIV-I at seroconversion to disease outcome after 84 months. DESIGN--A retrospective longitudinal study. SETTING--Two haemophilia centres in the United Kingdom. PATIENTS--88 Haemophiliac patients infected with HIV-I for whom sera were available from before seroconversion and in whom clinical follow up data were available. RESULTS--Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference between a high titre (greater than 1600) p24 antibody response at seroconversion and prolonged time before the development of HIV related disease (p = 0.0008). In contrast, higher titres of antibody to gp120 at seroconversion (greater than 25,600) correlated with more rapid clinical deterioration (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS--The first humoral response to HIV proteins at seroconversion is associated with clinical outcome; patients with an initial low titre antibody response to the gagp24 protein have a significantly faster rate of progression to CDC stage IV disease. Patients with a high titre p24 antibody response progress to AIDS more slowly, and these data provide an explanation why p24 antigenaemia is not universally detected in patients with AIDS. It is unclear whether the association between a strong initial p24 antibody response and slower progression of HIV disease is causal and if so whether it is due to viral or host factors.
The prophylactic use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in recurrent herpes simplex infections
Authors: M. WACHSMAN, L. AURELIAN, J.W. BURNETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

In an open study, continuous oral therapy with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (ibuprofen or indomethacin) reduced the incidence and frequency of recurrent eruptions in nine of 16 patients with herpes simplex virus infection. Retrospective analysis of seven cases indicated that natural killer cell enhancement assays might allow us to predict the clinical outcome of such treatment.
Points: Dialysis arthropathy: amyloid or iron?
Authors: A. Argiles
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Professor D C Carter (7 March, p 593) com- ments on the treatment of hepatic metastases by surgical debulking, but the value of hepatic arterial embolisation is not mentioned.'2In our experience, when vascular endocrine metastases are detected in the liver, providing that the intrahepatic portal veins are patent, hepatic arterial embolisation can provide
Residency Reform: A Perspective from the Association of Professors of Medicine
Authors: Harold J. Fallon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Article15 June 1992Residency Reform: A Perspective from the Association of Professors of MedicineHarold J. Fallon, MDHarold J. Fallon, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-12-1041 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptProfound changes in the science and practice of medicine have occurred during the past decade. Simultaneously, external factors have dramatically altered the conduct and location of patient care and the financial stability of academic health centers. These changes have diminished the relevance of a residency curriculum developed for an era of less specialization, less sophisticated medical technology, and a different health care delivery system. Virtually all constituencies in internal medicine have affirmed the need for fundamental changes in the curriculum to educate internists better in the science and technology of medicine and in how internists can provide efficient and effective... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Harold J. Fallon, MDAffiliations: Medical College of Virginia Richmond, VA 23298-0500 Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAssociations between subspecialty fellowship interest and knowledge of internal medicine: A hypothesis-generating study of internal medicine residentsRedesigning Residency Education in Internal Medicine: A Position Paper from the Association of Program Directors in Internal MedicineJohn P. Fitzgibbons, MD, Donald R. Bordley, MD, Lee R. Berkowitz, MD, Beth W. Miller, MD, and Mark C. Henderson, MDReforming internal medicine residency trainingConfidence of academic general internists and family physicians to teach ambulatory proceduresWhat is the cost of ambulatory education?The experiential curriculum: an alternate model for anaesthesia educationTime analysis of a general medicine serviceThe case history in historical perspectiveThe Economics of Survival for Academic Psychiatry 15 June 1992Volume 116, Issue 12_Part_2 Page: 1041-1041 Keywords Health care Mean corpuscular volume Patients Residency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 June 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Methodology of Clinical Drug Trials
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Increasing attention is being paid to clinical drug trials of late, in part because of renewed worry about adverse effects of medication and because of a general subscription to ethical considerations that seem to have been present in a much more abridged form in the past. A second edition of a popular American text recently appeared, and the massive<i>Clinical Epidemiology</i>of Alvan Feinstein also addressed such questions and their interpretations. Now we have a translation of a French book, seemingly sponsored without commercial considerations pertaining to any specific compound by a pharmaceutical company, Hoechst AG. Louis Lasagna has written the preface (one of the major misspellings in the book is the name of his institution, the Sackler, not Sacker, School of Biomedical Education of Tufts University). This short volume is an excellent guide for those who must design clinical drug trials and those who either conduct them or read
Subendocardial Infarction: A Prognostic Paradox
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The absence of Q waves coupled with the presence of depressed rather than elevated ST segments, characteristic of the current of injury, used to convey a modicum of reassurance. True, the patient suffered an acute myocardial infarction, but it was after all only subendocardial, not transmural. The extent of the damage was limited, and the associated clinical manifestations and complications were less severe than in infarcts involving the entire thickness of the myocardial wall.  Although still reassuring with regard to short-range complications of shock and congestive heart failure, the long-range prognosis of subacute myocardial infarction—Levy et al 1 inform us—is anything but heartening. Comparing data on 119 patients at a mean follow-up period of 36 months with corresponding data on 36 patients whose infarcts were subendocardial, these investigators found that the latter group had a higher (33% vs 15%) incidence of sudden death from other cardiac causes. Survivors of subendocardial
Physical Activity Levels of Women Attending Glasgow Breast Clinics.
Authors: A. Tan, E. Pavlidou, K. Ogston, J. Doughty, C. Wilson, A. Campbell, S. Tovey
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract IntroductionEpidemiological studies suggest that moderate intensity recreational physical activity (PA) improves breast cancer survival. We aimed to assess the current levels of PA in breast cancer survivors and a cohort of women with benign disease attending clinics in Glasgow.Materials and MethodsPatients at breast clinics at the GRI and WIG were recruited over a 5 week period. Data on physical activity levels (occupational, household, recreational) over the 7 days were recorded using the International Physical Activity Questionaire (IPAQ).ResultsA total of 352 patients were recruited with 141 (40.1%) of the patients completing the questionnaire successfully (table 1).Table 1 Women attending symptomatic clinicBreast cancer survivorsNo. patients 9742Median Age 4263Average physical activity levels (MET-Hr / Week)Total11493.4 Physical19.619.7 Household35.740.0 Occupational40.523.9 Recreational PA appears to be the major influence on breast cancer survival (1) and the reported MET-hr/week for each cohort are shown in table 2.Table 2Recreational Physical activity levels (MET-Hr / Week)Women attending symptomatic clinicBreast cancer survivors&amp;lt;533 (34%)21 (50%)5 - 1014 (14%)5 (12%)10 - 1918 (19%)8 (19%)&amp;gt;1932 (33%)8 (19%) DiscussionScottish guidelines (2) suggest 30min of moderate exercise most days a week is beneficial (&amp;gt;10MET-hr/week) but over 60% of our patients were not achieving this. A recreational PA level of &amp;gt;5MET/hr/week has been demonstrated to confer a benefit on breast survival (1). However 50% of our breast cancer survivors are not meeting this relatively modest target (equivalent to 1hr15min moderate activity/week). With the planned implementation of an exercise programme for all newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in Glasgow, we hope to improve levels of recreational physical activity and will re-audit following its introduction.References1. Friedenreich CM, Gregory J, Prospective cohort study of lifetime physical activity and breast cancer survival. Int J Cancer. 2009 Apr 15;124(8):1954-622. Let's Make Scotland more active: A strategy for physical activity. Physical activity task force http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/02/16324/17895 [Online March 2009] Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2066.
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Activates Nuclear Factor-κB in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wolfgang Dichtl, Lennart Nilsson, Isabel Goncalves, Mikko P. S. Ares, Cristina Banfi, Federico Calara, Anders Hamsten, Per Eriksson, Jan Nilsson
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —High plasma levels of VLDL are associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis. Here we show that VLDL (75 to 150 μg/mL) activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor known to play a key role in regulation of inflammation. Oxidation of VLDL reduced its capacity to activate NF-κB in vitro, whereas free fatty acids such as linoleic and oleic acid activated NF-κB to the same extent as did VLDL. Intravenous injection of human VLDL (6 mg protein per kg) into rats resulted in arterial activation of NF-κB as assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Aortic endothelial cells showed positive nuclear staining for the activated RelA (p65) subunit of NF-κB at 6 to 24 hours after injection. There was also a parallel expression of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, as well as the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Pretreatment of the rats with diet containing 1% of the antioxidant probucol for 8 weeks did not inhibit arterial activation of NF-κB in response to injection of VLDL. Moreover, injection of triglycerides (10% Intralipid, 5 mL/kg) activated arterial expression of NF-κB to the same extent as VLDL. Our results suggest that VLDL may promote the development of atherosclerotic lesions by activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. The effect appears to be mediated by a release of VLDL fatty acids but not to involve VLDL oxidation.
Patient dies after judge gives UK hospital trust permission to withhold blood products
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Jehovah’s Witness who had a bleeding duodenal ulcer has died eight days after a High Court judge declared that it would be lawful for the hospital trust treating her to withhold lifesaving blood or blood products.

Mr Justice Peter Jackson ruled that the 63 year old woman, who had a history of depression and paranoid schizophrenia, had capacity to decide for herself and was “adamant” that she did not want the treatment.

He made the declaration after an emergency hearing by video link from Newcastle upon Tyne on 18 February, and the patient died early …
The Neuropsychiatric Effects of Treatment with Interleukin-2 and Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells
Authors: KIRK D. DENICOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

To study the neuropsychiatric manifestations of therapy with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.Longitudinal survey of consecutive patients who were given the treatment. Each patient was initially interviewed within 5 days before treatment, and a personal and family psychiatric history was obtained during this first session. Cognitive tests and mood self-rating instruments were administered at the beginning and end of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell treatments, before discharge, and at a follow-up visit 2 to 4 weeks after discharge.National Cancer Institute inpatient units at the National Institutes of Health.Sequential samples of 44 patients with metastatic cancer (age range, 28 to 69 years) who were treated systemically with recombinant interleukin-2 combined with autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells between 30 December 1985 and 31 March 1986.Of the 44 patients studied, 15 developed severe behavioral changes that necessitated acute intervention, and 22 patients had severe cognitive changes (all 22 became disoriented and many also had psychometric evidence of cognitive deterioration). The neuropsychiatric side effects were dose and time related, appearing more frequently at the higher dose and almost uniformly at the end of each treatment phase. All 39 patients who were seen at follow-up had a return to their baseline cognitive scores. None of the factors investigated was found to be predictive of the development of neuropsychiatric toxicity.The development of clinically significant neuropsychiatric changes during the administration of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells was common and may be treatment limiting. A marked latency in the appearance of neuropsychiatric changes after treatment onset was noted in almost all patients. Every patient studied recovered from the neuropsychiatric side effects.
From asthma to AirBeat: community-driven monitoring of fine particles and black carbon in Roxbury, Massachusetts.
Authors: Penn Loh, Jodi Sugerman-Brozan, Standrick Wiggins, David Noiles, Cecelia Archibald
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Asthma is an ongoing environmental justice concern in Roxbury, an urban neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Residents, especially local youth, were the first to investigate the potential links between high asthma rates and air pollution, particularly from diesel buses and trucks. A youth-led march for clean air and community air monitoring projects drew governmental and media attention to these problems. In 1998, a collaboration of environmental justice, government, and research groups came together to develop a real-time air pollution monitoring system known as AirBeat. This community-based participatory research project was designed to answer community questions about whether there are pollution "hot spots" in Roxbury and the degree to which diesel emissions are contributing to health problems. AirBeat measures and reports levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter < or= to 2.5 microm), ozone, and black carbon on an hourly basis. These data are accessible via a website, telephone hotline, and a flag warning system. AirBeat is successful because community residents and organizations participate as equal partners with an equitable share of funding. The project also promotes a community sense of ownership and pride. Dozens of youth have developed leadership and scientific skills. The media have extensively covered the project as a community victory. The data support the claim that Dudley Square in Roxbury is a hot spot for air pollution. This information is now being used to advocate for alternative fuel transit buses and other clean air measures. Finally, this project has strengthened community partnerships with research and governmental institutions.
Abstract LB-248: Development of lipid-based transfection reagents for efficient expression of transgenes in hard-to-transfect cell types
Authors: Dezhong Yin, Joy Wells, James Clinton, Lysa-Anne Volpe, Kevin Grady, Jeanmarie Curley
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract How to balance high efficiency of transgene expression with low cytotoxicity is a central concern for cell biology. Developing lipid-based transfection reagents that have those attributes and can be conveniently used for multiple cell types is critical for studies in cancer biology and cell biology. To address these concerns, ATCC has developed two lipid-based transfection reagents, GeneXPlus and TransfeX™ that provide a powerful tool for efficiently transfecting a broad spectrum of cell types including continuous cancer cell lines, stem cells, immortalized cells, and primary cells with little or no cytotoxicity. For recognized hard-to-transfect cancer cell lines, like THP-1, SH-SY5Y, and Raw 264.7 cells, we have achieved over 30% GFP expression without obvious cytotoxicity by using the GeneXPlus and an EF1α-GFP vector. TransfeX™ has been found to be highly suitable for the transfection of stem cells, immortalized cell lines, and many types of primary cells such as mammary, renal and bronchial epithelial cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, and human dermal fibroblasts. We have developed optimized transfection protocols for the TransfeX™ transfection reagent for different cell types and achieved over 50% transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. ATCC will provide data showing the broad spectrum of cell types successfully transfected with either GeneXPlus or TransfeX™. Citation Format: Dezhong Yin, Joy Wells, James Clinton, Lysa-Anne Volpe, Kevin Grady, Jeanmarie Curley. Development of lipid-based transfection reagents for efficient expression of transgenes in hard-to-transfect cell types. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-248. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-248
Taking a collaborative approach to research
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The UK Clinical Research Collaboration has just launched a new initiative to encourage more doctors into research. Dr Liam O'Toole , who is heading up the organisation, talks about its goals

“Igniting our potential” is the incendiary slogan of the still infant UK Clinical Research Collaboration (it is just one year old). The man responsible for lighting the blue touch paper, or at any rate holding the match-box, is the organisation's acting chief executive, Liam O'Toole. He wants the NHS to be a global leader in medical research. His mood is bullish. “There's an enormous amount of goodwill,” he claims. “Everyone's facing in the same direction and wants to roll their sleeves up and sort it out.” No dissenting voices? None that Dr O'Toole is aware of.

The collaboration is run by a board of about 20 appointees, who represent the key players in clinical research, including the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the Department of Health, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, the Association of Medical Research Charities, and the Academy of Medical Sciences. The government has pledged an increase in funding to meet the costs of new research.

Dr O'Toole's confidence is probably justified because the problem that the collaboration was created to tackle, the under-performance of clinical research in the United Kingdom, has …
COMBINED TREATMENT WITH FLUTAMIDE AND SURGICAL OR MEDICAL (LHRH AGONIST) CASTRATION IN METASTATIC PROSTATIC CANCER
Authors: F Labrie, A Dupont, A Belanger, P Poyet, M Giguere, Y Lacourciere, J Emond, G Monfette, J.P Borsanyi, GraemeH Urwin
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
FRACTIONATION OF THE ACID-SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE ESTERS IN THE LESIONS OF ECZEMA AND PSORIASIS.
Authors: M.G.P. McCABE, P. D. MIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article FRACTIONATION OF THE ACID‐SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE ESTERS IN THE LESIONS OF ECZEMA AND PSORIASIS. Get access M.G.P. McCABE, B.Sc, M.G.P. McCABE, B.Sc Research AssistantThe Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. D. MIER, B.Sc P. D. MIER, B.Sc LecturerThe Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1963, Pages 358–362, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13574.x Published: 01 August 1963
Epidemiology of Diarrheal Disease Outbreaks on Cruise Ships, 1986 Through 1993
Authors: Denise Koo
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the epidemiology of cruise-associated diarrheal disease outbreaks from 1986 through 1993, to determine if the incidence had changed since 1985, and to determine the preventability of outbreaks that continue to occur. <h3>Design.</h3> —The numerator data were collated from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) outbreak investigation reports from 1986 through 1993. The denominator data were summations of cruise ship data on the number of passengers and length of cruises collected during routine diarrheal illness surveillance, available only for the period 1989 through 1993. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Cruise ships with outbreaks of diarrheal disease. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Cruise ship passengers and crew or staff who participated in the original investigations. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The incidence of outbreaks during the study period, pathogens isolated, and vehicles of transmission implicated in investigations. <h3>Results.</h3> —Among cruises of 3 to 15 days, CDC staff investigated 1.4 outbreaks per 1000 cruises, or 2.3 outbreaks per 10 million passenger-days. An etiologic agent was implicated in 21 (68%) of 31 investigated outbreaks: bacterial in 12, viral in nine. A specific vehicle of transmission was identified in 16. The most common vehicles of transmission were undercooked scallops (three outbreaks caused by enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>), eggs (two outbreaks caused by<i>Salmonella</i>serotype Enteritidis, one by Norwalk-like virus), and food items provided by caterers during onshore excursions (three outbreaks, one caused by<i>Shigella sonnei</i>). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Observance of two simple precautions could have prevented almost one third (5/16, or 31%) of the investigated outbreaks on cruise ships. Cruise lines have been reminded to cook seafoods thoroughly and to use pasteurized eggs for menu items calling for pooled eggs. Preventing food handlers from working while ill and not using onshore caterers for offship excursions might have prevented at least an additional one third (5/16) of these outbreaks. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:545-547)
Is NF- B a useful therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: M Feldmann, E Andreakos, C Smith, J Bondeson, S Yoshimura, S Kiriakidis, C Monaco, C Gasparini, S Sacre, A Lundberg, E Paleolog, N J Horwood, F M Brennan, B M J Foxwell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

There is increasing evidence that NF-κB is a major, if not the major transcription factor regulating inflammation and immunity. While this implies that blocking NF-κB might be therapeutically beneficial, it raises clear questions regarding the balance between efficacy and safety. In this brief review we discuss the effects of NF-κB blockade in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation and immunity, and consider possible therapeutic targets within the NF-κB family.