tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Future Role of the VA Hospital System: A National Health-Policy Dilemma
Authors: Saul J. Farber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

IN response to a Congressional mandate contained in federal legislation (PL 93–82 of 1973) the Committee on Health Care Resources in the Veterans Administration of the National Research Council made an extensive study of the Veterans Administration health-care system. The scope of the charge to the committee was detailed in correspondence with the appropriate bodies of Congress, the VA and the National Academy of Sciences. The committee report was submitted by the National Academy of Sciences to the Congress and the Veterans Administration in June, 1977.1 The study was conducted during an era when important policy changes in health-care delivery . . .
Now Irish eyes are open
Authors: M. E Black
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Ryan report on the systematic child cruelty visited upon over 30 000 children incarcerated in state institutions in Ireland from 1914 to 2000 vindicated the victims who were raped and sexually abused (www.childabusecommission.ie). But it has not fixed the problem—yet. We all suspected that bad things were going on behind the institutional walls; they filtered out in a miasma of whispered words. But the abuse was barely questioned, as few Irish people would have challenged the church on any issue during that time. A solid, smooth wall of denial and diversion …
Value of computed tomography of the abdomen and chest in investigation of Cushing's syndrome.
Authors: F E White, M C White, P L Drury, I K Fry, G M Besser
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on 37 patients with biochemically proved Cushing9s syndrome to evaluate the role of CT in the investigation of this condition. CT rapidly and correctly identified all 15 adrenocortical tumours, distinguishing five carcinomas from the 10 adenomas. In ACTH-dependent Cushing9s syndrome appreciable bilateral adrenal enlargement was common in patients with an ectopic source (6 of 10 cases), while those with a pituitary source usually had normal sized adrenals (9 of 10). Two patients with a history of over seven years had bilateral adrenal nodules. CT was more accurate in locating a primary ectopic source of ACTH (5 of 12 cases) than any other technique and was particularly valuable in detecting small (less than 1.5 cm) peripheral lung carcinoid tumours which may be undetectable by conventional x-ray techniques. Its speed, accuracy, and simplicity make CT the technique of choice both to show the adrenal anatomy and to locate a suspected ectopic ACTH-secreting tumour in patients with proved Cushing9s syndrome.
Cost-effectiveness of sorafenib treatment in field practice for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Calogero Cammà, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Salvatore Petta, Marco Enea, Massimo Iavarone, Antonio Grieco, Antonio Gasbarrini, Erica Villa, Claudio Zavaglia, Raffaele Bruno, Massimo Colombo, Antonio Craxì
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The purpose was to assess the cost-effectiveness of sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients incorporating current prices and the results of the recent published field practice SOraFenib Italian Assessment (SOFIA) study. We created a Markov Decision Model to evaluate, in a hypothetical cohort of Caucasian male patients, aged 67 years with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) C HCC, or BCLC B HCC who were unfit or failed to respond to locoregional therapies, well compensated cirrhosis, and with performance status 0–1 according to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), the cost-effectiveness of the following strategies: (1) full or dose-adjusted sorafenib for BCLC B and C patients together; (2) full or dose-adjusted sorafenib for BCLC B patients; (3) full or dose-adjusted sorafenib for BCLC C patients. Outcomes include quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). In the base-case analysis dose-adjusted sorafenib was the most effective of the evaluated strategies. For dose-adjusted sorafenib, QALY was 0.44 for BCLC B and C patients together, 0.44 for BCLC C patients, and 0.38 for BCLC B patients. The ICER of dose-adjusted sorafenib compared with BSC was €34,534 per QALY gained for BCLC B and C patients together, €27,916 per QALY gained for BCLC C patients, and €54,881 per QALY gained for BCLC B patients. Results were sensitive to BSC survival rate, and sorafenib treatment duration. Conclusion: In daily practice dose-adjusted, but not full-dose, sorafenib is a cost-effective treatment compared to BSC in intermediate and advanced HCC. (Hepatology 2013)
Pneumonia Treatment Standards in Emergency Departments—Reply
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply to R. Glynne-Jones et al
Authors: Didier Peiffert, Laetitia Tournier-Rangeard, Jean-Pierre Gérard, Claire Lemanski, Eric François, Marc Giovannini, Xavier Mirabel, Olivier Bouché, Thierry Conroy, Beata Juzyna, Françoise Mornex, Jean-Michel Hannoun-Lévy, Jean-François Seitz, Antoine Adenis, Christophe Hennequin, Michel Ducreux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)
THE DEPRESSION OF GROWTH OF THE UTERUS, ADRENALS, AND OVARIES BY FLUORINATED STEROIDS IN THE PREGNANE SERIES
Authors: Charles Huggins, Elwood V. Jensen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Progesterone, 5-pregnene-3,20-dione, and desoxycorticosterone were found to be partial but significant inhibitors of estrone-induced growth of the uterus of hypophysectomized rats but they did not depress the amount of growth elicited by testosterone. The presence of both the 2-carbon side chain at position 17 and an oxygenated function at position 3 is necessary for the inhibitory activity of progesterone. The introduction of a hydroxyl group in the progesterone molecule at positions 6 (beta), 11 (alpha), 16 (alpha) or 17 (alpha) destroyed its growth-inhibitory activity. 11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone is weaker than progesterone in the inhibition of estrone-induced uterine growth; unlike progesterone it has the capacity to depress growth elicited by testosterone. The introduction of a flourine atom in the 9 (alpha) position resulted in a striking increase of the growth-inhibitory activity of 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone and hydrocortisone. 9alpha-Flouro-11beta-hydroxyprogesterone is a partial but significant inhibitor of growth of the uterus in hypophysectomized rats injected simultaneously with large doses of estrone or testosterone. It is more powerful than progesterone in transforming the vaginal epithelium to mucus cells in the presence of estrone. Administered alone, the only detectable growth was a slight increase in size of the preputial glands. 9alpha-Flouro-11beta-hydroxyprogesterone suppresses in part the growth of the adrenals, ovaries, and uterus in intact rats at a dose level which does not cause loss of body weight or inhibit body growth. Many rats treated with this compound in small amount had extensive mucification of the vagina resembling that of late pregnancy.
Tamoxifen As Chemoprevention in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutation Carriers With Breast Cancer: A Pilot Survey of Physicians
Authors: Beth N. Peshkin, Claudine Isaacs, Clinton Finch, Sheryl Kent, Marc D. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To assess physician recommendations about the use of tamoxifen in premenopausal BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Methods: We mailed surveys to a stratified random sample of 1,286 physicians selected from the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium mailing list. Eligible participants were physicians whose practice consisted of ≥ 10% breast cancer patients. Participants were asked to complete a three-part, 10-minute questionnaire. Demographics and responses to hypothetical patient vignettes were analyzed. Results: Of potentially eligible participants, 27% responded to the survey, and 260 participants were included in the final analysis. Physicians did not distinguish between BRCA1 and BRCA2 status in making recommendations about tamoxifen to breast cancer patients; however, in an unaffected woman, they were more likely to recommend tamoxifen to a BRCA2 mutation carrier than to a BRCA1 mutation carrier (73% v 57%; P &lt; .0001). In newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, physicians were much more likely to recommend tamoxifen to an estrogen receptor (ER)–positive mutation carrier versus an ER-negative carrier (94% v 27%; P &lt; .0001). When the mutation carrier was diagnosed 10 years ago, physicians were still much more likely to recommend tamoxifen if the tumor was ER-positive versus ER-negative (79% v 35%; P &lt; .0001). Conclusion: Physicians’ recommendations about tamoxifen use in mutation carriers with a history of breast cancer seem to be heavily dependent on ER status. This finding suggests that among mutation carriers, physicians are influenced by adjuvant treatment guidelines more so than the potential role that tamoxifen might play in the reduction of risk for contralateral breast cancer.
Rate of surgery for lung cancer in England and Wales rose 50% in five years
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The proportion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer in England and Wales who had surgery rose by more than half in five years, up from 14% in 2008 to 22% in 2012, the latest national audit has shown.

Data from the 2012 patient cohort of the national lung cancer audit also show that people with lung cancer are living longer than they were five years ago. The average survival time from the first time patients were seen in secondary care among the 40 200 people in England and Wales who were given a diagnosis of lung cancer in 2012 was …
Reducing the Incidence of Non-A,Non-B Post-Transfusion Hepatitis by Testing Donor Blood for Alanine Aminotransferase
Authors: Mark C. Hornbrook, Roger Y. Dodd, Philip Jacobs, Leonard I. Friedman, Kenneth E. Sherman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Recent studies have established a relation between elevated alanine aminotransferase levels in donor blood and the incidence of non-A,non-B hepatitis in recipients of such blood. Routine testing of donor blood for alanine aminotransferase activity in order to reduce hepatitis is not currently supported, largely because the results of such testing are unknown. We assessed the potential economic benefits of screening donor blood for alanine aminotransferase as a means to reduce post-transfusion hepatitis. Benefits, defined as the expected costs of hepatitis potentially avoided, ranged from $898 to $31,629 per 1000 blood units collected. This wide range reflected lack of information about the natural history of non-A,non-B hepatitis. Costs were defined as the direct costs of testing and the indirect costs associated with loss of blood product, additional donor recruitment, and informing donors of their abnormal aminotransferase levels; costs ranged from $3,151 to $4,003 per 1000 units. Our results suggest that if prospective studies demonstrate that exclusion of blood with elevated aminotransferase levels decreases non-A,non-B hepatitis in recipients, the net economic impact may be positive. However, because of major uncertainties about the medical consequences of non-A,non-B hepatitis, the benefit estimates are so broad that they preclude a definitive policy decision. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 307:1315–21.)
Family Violence and the Caring Professions
Authors: I. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Paul Kingston, Bridget Penhale Macmillan, £14.99, pp 300 ISBN 0 333 60001 0

The work of most doctors brings them into contact with families whose members' lives are blighted by violence; that some doctors fail to realise this has much to do with society's continued idealisation of the family as the repository of all that is good in human relationships. Family Violence and the Caring Professions rehearses the evidence for the opposite view that, apart from the police and the military, the family is the most violent grouping and the home the most violent setting in our society.

The …
Peridural Effusion of Drugs Following Sympathetic Blockade
Authors: James A. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Lumbar, paravertebral sympathetic block injections with a lidocaine and contrast solution resulted in significant peridural spread of contrast solution. Bilateral, extensive peridural effusion was demonstrated by multiple roentgenographic techniques. Preliminary studies indicate that agents used in stellate block procedures also extend to the peridural space. These studies cast doubt on the specificity of sympathetic blockade techniques. The findings offer an explanation for some of the sensory and motor phenomena resulting from sympathetic blocks. Neurolytic drugs used in large volumes for sympathetic blocks cannot be assumed to always produce their effects by acting within the area of injection. Sympathetic block procedures are useful for diagnosis and treatment; however, the volume of injected agent used in sympathetic block procedures should be limited, and increased vigilance for complications which may result should be practiced.
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in Persons without the Right Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Peter H. Hackett, C. Edward Creagh, Robert F. Grover, Benjamin Honigman, Charles S. Houston, John T. Reeves, Aris M. Sophocles, Mechteld Van Hardenbroek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

HIGH-ALTITUDE pulmonary edema is an unusual and puzzling illness.1,2 We have seen four patients without a right pulmonary artery, all of whom had high-altitude pulmonary edema at moderate altitudes (2000 to 3000 m) in Colorado. Both of these conditions are so uncommon that their association by chance is highly unlikely. The implications of this association were recognized by Dr. Houston when the first of our four cases was called to his attention by another member of the group. In each of the four patients edema developed in the left lung, which received the entire right ventricular output. This occurrence . . .
The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project 25 years later
Authors: M. P. Cunningham
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1997)

The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project was initiated 25 years ago to demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale screening for breast cancer. A retrospective view shows that it has more than fulfilled its mission; among other important accomplishments it has significantly advanced both the notion and science of population-based breast cancer screening and provided a huge data base for epidemiologic research.
Target organs in chronic bioassays of 533 chemical carcinogens.
Authors: L S Gold, T H Slone, N B Manley, L Bernstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A compendium of carcinogenesis bioassay results organized by target organ is presented for 533 chemicals that are carcinogenic in at least one species. This compendium is based primarily on experiments in rats or mice; results in hamsters, nonhuman primates, and dogs are also reported. The compendium can be used to identify chemicals that induce tumors at particular sites, and to determine whether target sites are the same for chemicals positive in more than one species. The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB), which includes results of 3969 experiments, is used in the analysis. The published CPDB includes details on each test, and literature references. Chemical carcinogens are reported for 35 different target organs in rats or mice. More than 80% of the carcinogens in each of these species are positive in at least one of the 8 most frequent target sites: liver, lung, mammary gland, stomach, vascular system, kidney, hematopoietic system, and urinary bladder. An analysis is presented of how well one can predict the carcinogenic response in mice from results in rats, or vice versa. Among chemicals tested in both species, 76% of rat carcinogens are positive in mice, and 71% of mouse carcinogens are positive in rats. Prediction is less accurate to the same target site: 52% of rat carcinogens are positive in the same site in mice, and 48% of mouse carcinogens are positive in the same site in rats. The liver is the most frequent site in common between rats and mice.
Morphological effects of mechanical forces on the human humerus.
Authors: X Qu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

Various mechanical forces produce a variable stimulus intensity on bone and have different effects on its growth and development. The aim of this project was to study the effects of a variety of mechanical forces on human humerus morphology. This was investigated by measuring the cortical thickness (cm) and diameter (cm) of the humerus at its proximal, middle and distal thirds from radiographs. The humerus of each of 46 men (five controls, six swimmers, eight gymnasts, seven javelin throwers, nine discus throwers and 11 weightlifters) was radiographed on both right and left sides. The humerus size variation among the participants, in order of increasing size, was found to be as follows: gymnasts, controls, swimmers, javelin throwers, weightlifters and discus throwers respectively. The humeral cortex was largest in the weightlifters, being significantly (P less than 0.05) thicker at distal, medial and proximal sites. The proximal and distal humeral sites in javelin and discus throwers were significantly thicker than those of the control subjects. From the results, static load would seem to provide a higher stimulus to bone than dynamic loading.
Beneficial actions of N-dimethyl propranolol on myocardial oxygen balance and transmural perfusion gradients distal to a severe coronary artery stenosis in the canine heart.
Authors: G J Gross, D C Warltier, H F Hardman
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of N-dimethyl propranolol (DMP), the quaternary derivative of propranolol, and propranolol on the transmural distribution (endo/epi) of coronary blood flow in normal and ischemic regions of the myocardium. The distribution of blood flow between subendocardium and subepicardium of a nonischemic region and one distal to a severe left circumflex coronary artery stenosis was determined by use of tracer microspheres (15 microgram) in intact dog hearts. DMP (1,5 and 10 mg/kg I.V.) produced a small dose-related increase in endo/epi of the nonischemic region (1.15 +/- 0.04--1.24 +/- 0.05), whereas a larger increase was observed in the ischemic region (0.61 +/- 0.08--1.09 +/- 0.10). DMP also produced a significant increase in ischemic subendocardial blood flow (0.59 +/- 0.12--0.76 +/- 0.11 ml/min/g). Similarly, propranolol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg I.V.) produced a small increase in endo/epi of the nonischemic region (1.18 +/- 0.08--1.30 +/- 0.07) and a larger increase in the ischemic region (0.72 +/- 0.17--1.18 +/- 0.09). However, propranolol did not increase ischemic subendocardial blood flow. It is concluded that DMP may be an alternative to propranolol in certain types of acute myocardial ischemia when beta-adrenergic blockade is undesirable.
Letter: Emergency bed service.
Authors: C D Walker
Journal: BMJ (1974)

were found in one family and one more (in a girl of 15) in the other family.The parents did not consider there was anything wrong with the child, but both the girls complained of low backache and vague limb pains for which they had been taking aspirin tablets.Serum calcium and phosphate levels were within the normal range but all had markedly raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels.Rickets during rapid pubertal growth has al,o been freauently reDortedl 2 in Asian immigrants, especially in young girls.In ad- dition to the language problems the custo- mary seclusion of young girls in Pakistani families put them at additional risk of missed diagnosis till the appearance of deformities of the legs and pelvis or perhaps even later.A case, I think, therefore exists for the routine screening of young immigrant girls for rickets before leaving school and also for the screening of other children in the family when a case of rickets is found.There may be a genetic predisposition to rickets.
Safety of targeting ROR1 for cancer immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in a primate model
Authors: S Carolina Berger, Daniel Sommermeyer, Michael Hudecek, Michael Berger, Ashwini Balakrishnan, Paulina Paskiewicz, Paula Kosasih, Christoph Rader, Stanley Riddell
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Immunotherapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) specific for a tumor cell-surface molecule is effective for CD19+ B cell malignancies. There is interest in extending CAR-T cell therapy to epithelial tumors, which requires identifying molecules that can be
Distress Intolerance, Kynurenic Acid, and Schizophrenia
Authors: Daniel C. Javitt
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal