tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SAFETY AND FEASIBILITY OF SAME–DAY PCI AND CAROTID ARTERY STENTING
Authors: Manu Kaushik, Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula, Alok Saurav, Anand Deshmukh, Jamil Abuzetun, Venkata Alla, Michael D. White, Aryan Mooss, Thomas Lanspa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 promotes hepatic fibrosis in mice
Authors: Patrice N. Mimche, Lauren M. Brady, Christian F. Bray, Choon M. Lee, Manoj Thapa, Thayer P. King, Kendra Quicke, Courtney D. McDermott, Sylvie M. Mimche, Arash Grakoui, Edward T. Morgan, Tracey J. Lamb
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Beyond the well-defined role of the Eph (erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular) receptor tyrosine kinases in developmental processes, cell motility, cell trafficking/adhesion, and cancer, nothing is known about their involvement in liver pathologies. During blood-stage rodent malaria infection we have found that EphB2 transcripts and proteins were up-regulated in the liver, a result likely driven by elevated surface expression on immune cells including macrophages. This was significant for malaria pathogenesis because EphB2(-/-) mice were protected from malaria-induced liver fibrosis despite having a similar liver parasite burden compared with littermate control mice. This protection was correlated with a defect in the inflammatory potential of hepatocytes from EphB2(-/-) mice resulting in a reduction in adhesion molecules, chemokine/chemokine receptor RNA levels, and infiltration of leukocytes including macrophages/Kupffer cells, which mediate liver fibrosis during rodent malaria infections. These observations are recapitulated in the well-established carbon tetrachloride model of liver fibrosis in which EphB2(-/-) carbon tetrachloride-treated mice showed a significant reduction of liver fibrosis compared to carbon tetrachloride-treated littermate mice. Depletion of macrophages by clodronate-liposomes abrogates liver EphB2 messenger RNA and protein up-regulation and fibrosis in malaria-infected mice.During rodent malaria, EphB2 expression promotes malaria-associated liver fibrosis; to our knowledge, our data are the first to implicate the EphB family of receptor tyrosine kinases in liver fibrosis or in the pathogenesis of malaria infection.
THE RENAL RESPONSE TO INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS IN MAN 1
Authors: Betty Crawford, Henry Ludemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

The administration of isotonic saline solution to dogs in quantities equal to one-half or more of the volume of extracellular fluid leads to a prompt increase in glomerular filtration rate and the excretion of sodium and chloride. Although factors possibly influencing tubular reabsorptive activity, such as the adrenal and neurohypophysial hormones, are not as yet amenable to quantitative study, the general correlation between filtration rate and sodium excretion in the dog has led many investigators to believe that changes in glomerular activity constitute one of the most important mechanisms in the maintenance of salt and water balance in this animal (1-5). So effective is this renal response that, with other adjunctival mechanisms, dogs may be maintained on diets containing 4 gm. of salt per kg. per day (corresponding to 280 gm. per day in a 70 kg. man) without gain in weight or apparent disturbance in salt and water balance (5). An extensive literature is available (6) on the excretion of sodium, chloride and water in patients receiving saline infusions, but in great part the information contained therein is merely descriptive of the fact of diuresis (or absence of diuresis) and is not correlated with the measurable physiological mechanisms concerned in the excretion of sodium and water. No information is available on the effect of saline solutions on renal function in man, and the present studywas undertaken to obtain information, comparable to that available on the dog, on the changes in filtration rate, renal blood flow and electrolyte excretion after the rapid administration of saline infusions.
THE USE OF MICROCRYSTALS OF SULFATHIAZOLE IN SURGERY
Authors: LESLIE A. CHAMBERS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In certain procedures it is desirable to inject neutral suspensions of the sulfonamides through fine hypodermic needles. Usually this is not possible with suspensions of the drugs currently available because of the large size and irregular shapes of the crystals. Dr. B. F. Souders and Dr. S. Brand Rose independently suggested that the crystals might be comminuted by sonic vibration. Direct vibration of suspensions of the preformed crystals produced no measurable effect, but an indirect procedure involving sonic agitation has been developed which reduces the crystal size sufficiently to permit passage through 26 gage needles. Essentially, the preparation of the microcrystalline sulfonamides consists in the neutralization, at low temperature, of a solution of a sodium salt of the drug, the reacting mixture being kept in violent agitation by sonic vibration or by some suitable high speed mixing device. The size of the resulting crystals may be regulated within wide limits
Prospective randomised trial of laser therapy only and laser therapy followed by endoscopic intubation for the palliation of malignant dysphagia.
Authors: H Barr, N Krasner, A Raouf, R J Walker
Journal: Gut (1990)

Forty six consecutive patients admitted for the relief of malignant dysphagia were prospectively randomised to receive laser therapy only or initial laser therapy followed by endoscopic intubation. Twenty patients were treated in each group with six exclusions. The patients9 swallowing ability was assessed before and during the remainder of their life on a 0-4 scale with 0 being normal swallowing and 4 total dysphagia. The patient9s quality of life was measured at the same times, using a physician9s assessment (QL index) and the patient9s own assessment using a linear analogue self assessment (LASA). There was a significant correlation between all the QL index and the LASA scores collected (n = 126; rs = 0.594, p less than 0.001). The mean monthly dysphagia grade correlated with the QL index (rs = 0.433, p less than 0.001) and the LASA (rs = 0.272, p less than 0.002). There was no significant difference in the dysphagia grade before or after treatment in either group. Dysphagia fluctuated more in those treated with the laser only, however, than in those with a tube inserted. There was also no significant difference in the quality of life measured between the two groups of patients. The complication rate (laser only 10%, laser/intubation 40%, p less than 0.05) was significantly higher in intubated patients. The recurrent dysphagia rate (laser only 25%, laser/intubation 45%, NS) was higher in patients treated with intubation, but they required fewer endoscopic procedures. Overall both procedures were effective in relieving dysphagia and in maintaining quality of life. There was no procedure related mortality in either group.
Trials With Metronidazole in Amebic Dysentery
Authors: Frank Scott
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Six patients with amebic dysentery were treated with metronidazole (Flagyl). The response to treatment in all cases was rapid; signs and symptoms of amebic dysentery disappeared within 48 hours. In one patient an ameboma resolved after 14 days of treatment. Except for a transient skin eruption in the 18-month-old child during the first 24 hours of treatment, there were no untoward reactions to the drug. We consider metronidazole to be an exceedingly promising drug and probably the most effective amebicidal preparation currently available.
The absorption of oleic acid in the bile fistula rat
Authors: D. R. Saunders, A. M. Dawson
Journal: Gut (1963)

A technique is described for collecting thoracic duct lymph in a portable glass saddle from an unrestrained rat. Uniformly labelled oleic acid in various physical states was given to rats with thoracic duct and bile fistulae to study the influence of bile salts on the amount absorbed and on the route of transport and esterification after absorption. It is suggested that in addition to their emulsifying action bile salts may stimulate the esterification of absorbed oleic acid by the intestinal mucosa.
Population of Los Angeles.
Authors: George H. Kress
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Los Angeles, Cal., Aug. 27, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On page 613 of the Educational Number (August 25) ofThe Journal, under the California heading, the city of Los Angeles is given a population of 116,420. Since clinical facilities are dependent somewhat on the amount of population, a correction is in order if a proper impression is to be given. The population of Los Angeles at the present time is over 240,000 instead of 116,420. I refer you to the enclosed article from to-day's Los Angeles<i>Times</i>showing the most recent figures. The school census last spring showed a population of 230,000. Further, the city water department has 50,977 service pipes in use and five persons to a service pipe is a conservative average. The monthly health reports are based on a population of 200,000, in order to allow a safe margin, but this estimate will shortly be increased. Los
Amplification of PPM1D in human tumors abrogates p53 tumor-suppressor activity
Authors: Dmitry V. Bulavin, Oleg N. Demidov, Shin'ichi Saito, Paivikki Kauraniemi, Crissy Phillips, Sally A. Amundson, Concetta Ambrosino, Guido Sauter, Angel R. Nebreda, Carl W. Anderson, Anne Kallioniemi, Albert J. Fornace, Ettore Appella
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Action potential duration and endocardial modulation of myocardial contraction in the ferret
Authors: A. M Shah, M. J Shattock, M. J Lewis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Endocardial endothelium releases substances which modulate myocardial contraction. Selective endocardial removal abbreviates contraction by removing a contraction prolonging substance "endocardin". The aim of the study was to investigate whether changes in action potential duration underlie these contractile effects.The contractile effects of shortening the action potential were first characterised, using a potassium channel "opener" cromakalim (3 microM). Transmembrane action potentials were then recorded in isolated ferret papillary muscles before and after endocardial removal.Cromakalim-induced action potential abbreviation reduced contractile twitch duration. Endocardial removal itself however did not alter action potential duration.Endocardial modulation of cardiac contraction does not involve changes in action potential duration.
English Medical Humanists: Thomas Linacre and John Caius
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The 16th century, when medieval modes of thought were giving way to  concepts, was a fascinating period. One phase of this change took the form of a revival of Greek studies. The humanism of the early Renaissance, which held that the most important goal of scholarship was to retrieve the classic Greek models in their original excellence, affected medicine as well as literature. In this early stage the most modern medicine looked to the past rather than the future, for it wanted to recover the original work of Galen, in its original purity of doctrine, before it had been distorted by medieval commentators. The original texts, it was thought, would resolve any current problems and furnish the important answers.  In England the humanists included two famous physicians, Thomas Linacre and John Caius. Linacre, classical scholar, traveler, physician, priest (less from piety than from worldliness), friend of Erasmus, was a
Taurolidine and oxidative stress: a rationale for local treatment of mesothelioma
Authors: N. Aceto, P. Bertino, D. Barbone, G. Tassi, L. Manzo, C. Porta, L. Mutti, G. Gaudino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos-related, aggressive tumour, resistant to most anticancer therapies. Akt is a key mediator of mesothelioma cell survival and chemoresistance. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism by which taurolidine (TN), a known synthetic compound with antimicrobial and antineoplastic properties, leads to mesothelioma cell death. Apoptosis was studied by annexin V binding, cell cycle analysis, caspase-8 activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL). Oxidative stress was measured by nitrite production and DNA oxidative damage. Protein expression and phosphorylation were evaluated by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. TN induces cell death of mesothelioma cells, but not of non-neoplastic human mesothelial cells. After TN treatment of mesothelioma cells, Akt but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 activity is inhibited a in time- and dose-dependent manner. Protein phosphatase (PP)1α and PP2A are activated several hours after drug addition. Apoptosis induced by TN is driven by oxidative stress and cell exposure to sulfydryl donors, such as glutathione monoethylester and l -N-acetylcysteine, significantly reduced pro-apoptotic effects and Akt inhibition. Conversely, expression of constitutively activated Akt did not affect cytoxicity elicited by TN, which retained its ability to inhibit the kinase. TN induces mesothelioma cell death via oxidative stress, accompanied by inhibition of Akt signalling. This provides a promising molecular rationale for TN as local treatment of malignant mesothelioma.
Interactions of lysyl-bradykinin and antidiuretic hormone in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule.
Authors: V L Schuster, J P Kokko, H R Jacobson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Although intrarenal infusions of kinins produce diuresis, it is not clear to what extent this response is due to hemodynamically mediated medullary washout and/or to direct epithelial effects of kinins. Recent evidence has shown that bradykinin binds to collecting tubules in vitro. We therefore examined the interactions of lysyl-bradykinin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) with respect to hydraulic conductivity (Lp) in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule perfused in vitro. To ensure adequate substrate for prostaglandin synthesis, the bath contained 2.5 microM arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid produced no change in base-line Lp and had no effect on the subsequent response to a supramaximal dose of ADH (100 microU/ml). Therefore, all subsequent experiments were done in the presence of arachidonic acid. Lysyl-bradykinin (10(-9)M) added to either the lumen or bath had no effect on base-line Lp. Collecting tubules which were exposed for 1 h to bath lysyl-bradykinin (10(-9)M) had a significantly diminished subsequent Lp in response to ADH (P less than 0.02). In tubules exposed to bath lysyl-bradykinin plus indomethacin (5 microM), the subsequent ADH response was normal. Lysyl-bradykinin (10(-9)M) added to the lumen had no effect on subsequent ADH response. We conclude that lysyl-bradykinin from the basolateral side inhibits the hydroosmotic response of the cortical collecting tubule to ADH, and that this inhibition is probably prostaglandin-mediated. Lysyl-bradykinin does not affect water flow from the luminal surface. These data indicate that the diuresis seen with kinin infusions may result, at least in part, from a direct epithelial effect. They also suggest a role of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in modulating water transport in vivo.
Pediatric Research Gets Boost From Web
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The advisory noted that options for treating depression in patients with coronary heart disease include cognitive behavioral therapy, physical activity such as cardiac rehabilitation and aerobic exercise, and antidepressant drugs (treatment with sertraline or citalopram, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, appears to be safe soon after an acute myocardial infarction). But such intervention is not just to improve a patient’s mental health, said Alexander H. Glassman, MD, chief of clinical psychopharmacology at the New York State Psychiatric Institute in New York City. “We have evidence that the people who do not get better from their depression are at very high risk of dying,” said Glassman commenting on the advisory. “The cardiologist needs to understand they need intensive medical treatment immediately.”
CORRESPONDENCE.
Authors: H.G. Adamson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1937)

Journal Article CORRESPONDENCE: MOLLUSCUM SEBACEUM Get access H.G. Adamson H.G. Adamson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 49, Issue 5, 1 May 1937, Pages 261–262, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1937.tb10401.x Published: 01 May 1937
Sleep Duration and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Zhilei Shan, Hongfei Ma, Manling Xie, Peipei Yan, Yanjun Guo, Wei Bao, Ying Rong, Chandra L. Jackson, Frank B. Hu, Liegang Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

It remains unclear how many hours of sleep are associated with the lowest risk of type 2 diabetes. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and risk of type 2 diabetes.PubMed and Embase were searched up to 20 March 2014 for prospective observational studies that assessed the relationship of sleep duration and risk of type 2 diabetes. Both semiparametric and parametric methods were used.Ten articles with 11 reports were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A total of 18,443 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were ascertained among 482,502 participants with follow-up periods ranging from 2.5 to 16 years. A U-shaped dose-response relationship was observed between sleep duration and risk of type 2 diabetes, with the lowest risk observed at a sleep duration category of 7-8 h per day. Compared with 7-h sleep duration per day, the pooled relative risks for type 2 diabetes were 1.09 (95% CI 1.04-1.15) for each 1-h shorter sleep duration among individuals who slept <7 h per day and 1.14 (1.03-1.26) for each 1-h increment of sleep duration among individuals with longer sleep duration.Our dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies shows a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and risk of type 2 diabetes, with the lowest type 2 diabetes risk at 7-8 h per day of sleep duration. Both short and long sleep duration are associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, underscoring the importance of appropriate sleep duration in the delay or prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Abstract 4573: Inhibition of tumor growth by human IgM-isotype monoclonal antibody to ganglioside GD2
Authors: Candice Krauthauser, Nicholas Nicolaides, JianMin Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Monoclonal antibody, MORAb-028, a human IgM derived from patients with melanoma, specifically binds to tumor cell surface ganglioside-GD2 with high specificity, and kills GD2-expressing target cells via complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC). This CDC-mediated anti-tumor activity of MORAb-028 has been confirmed in vitro using various GD2-expressing tumor cells in presence of rat sera. In the present study, intraperitoneal (i.p) and intratumoral (i.t.) treatment models in nude rats were developed to investigate in vivo anti-tumor activity of MORAb-028. These compartmental models provide an in vivo system to monitor IgM anti-tumor activity that has not been possible in previous studies due to the rodent poly-Ig-Receptor (PIgR) that is able to sequester systemically administered hIgM in the liver thereby lowering serum IgM steady-state levels that in turn lowers distribution of IgM to targeted tumors. In the present study, murine EL4-luc2 cells that express high levels of GD2 were engineered to express a luciferase-reporter-gene enabling in vivo bioluminescent detection for monitoring tumor status. These cells were used in two different models to test the ability of MORAb-028 to impact tumor growth. An i.p. model was developed whereby tumor cells were injected directly into the peritoneal cavity of nude rats followed immediately by a single i.p. dose of MORAb-028 at 3mg/kg, a dose that has showed activity in vitro. Tumor progression was monitored by bioluminescence using IVIS living imaging system. On day 24 post treatment, a significant reduction in tumor progression was observed in the MORAb-028-treated animals in comparison to the control. Only minimal tumor growth (∼3 to 5 mm3) was observed in MORAb-028-treated animals in contrast to control animals, in which tumor occupied the entire peritoneal cavity. In a second model EL-4-luc cells were implanted subcutaneously and antibody was directly administered to palpable tumors. Here, a single intratumoral injection of MORAb-028 was administered into established (300-400 mm3) tumors. Results showed that MORAb-028 treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and eradicated nearly the entire tumor in ∼30% of the animals. Six days post treatment the tumor volume in MORAb-028-treated animals was ∼250 mm3, whereas the tumor volume was &amp;gt;1500mm3 in control animals. Animals with eradicated tumors showed no sign of recurrence at day 30 when the study was terminated. These data indicate that MORAb-028 is a potent agent to treat GD2-positive tumors in rat models. These results also suggest that this antibody may be useful in clinical applications for the treatment of GD2-positive human cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4573. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4573
The Role of the Private Foundation
Authors: COLIN M. MACLEOD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Because of limited resources, philanthropic foundations usually have operated on the basis that their funds are catalytic or best used as "seed money." On the other hand, in recent times the dramatic success in increasing the world supply of food grains has resulted because foundations concentrated their fiscal and scientific resources. It is suggested in the current time of social crisis that a similar concentration of resources by foundations in the health field may be a more appropriate approach than the wider distribution of seed money.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Measures
Authors: James H. Stein
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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