tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using a single-balloon enteroscope in patients with altered Roux-en-Y anatomy
Authors: A. Saleem, T. Baron, C. Gostout, M. Topazian, M. Levy, B. Petersen, L. Wong Kee Song
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is challenging to perform in patients with postsurgical gastrointestinal anatomy. We assessed the diagnostic and therapeutic success rates using single-balloon enteroscopy in patients with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.
Increasing dimethylarginine levels are associated with adverse clinical outcome in severe alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee, Mohammed Malaki, Nathan A. Davies, Stephen J. Hodges, Neil R. Dalton, Charles Turner, Sambit Sen, Roger Williams, James Leiper, Patrick Vallance, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Previous studies suggest reduced hepatic endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity contributes to increased intrahepatic resistance. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, undergoes hepatic metabolism via dimethylarginine-dimethylamino-hydrolase, and is derived by the action of protein-arginine-methyltransferases. Our study assessed whether ADMA, and its stereo-isomer symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are increased in alcoholic hepatitis patients, and determined any relationship with severity of portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement) and outcome. Fifty-two patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis were studied, 27 with acute alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, in whom hepatic venous pressure gradient was higher ( P = 0.001) than cirrhosis alone, and correlated with ADMA measurement. Plasma ADMA and SDMA were significantly higher in alcoholic hepatitis patients and in nonsurvivors. Dimethylarginine-dimethylamino-hydrolase protein expression was reduced and protein-arginine-methyltransferase-1 increased in alcoholic hepatitis livers. ADMA, SDMA and their combined sum, which we termed a dimethylarginine score, were better predictors of outcome compared with Pugh score, MELD and Maddrey's discriminant-function. Conclusion: Alcoholic hepatitis patients have higher portal pressures associated with increased ADMA, which may result from both decreased breakdown (decreased hepatic dimethylarginine-dimethylamino-hydrolase) and/or increased production. Elevated dimethylarginines may serve as important biological markers of deleterious outcome in alcoholic hepatitis. (Hepatology 2007;45:62–71.)
Radiation Exposure from Radioisotopes in Pediatrics
Authors: Ronald A. Seltzer, James G. Kereiakes, Eugene L. Saenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE increasing use of radionuclides in medical diagnosis and research demands accurate knowledge of the radiation exposure sustained during these procedures. Although this information is frequently available for adults1 2 3 only occasional reference is found to doses received by children,4 a group in whom there is great concern about radiation exposure. Furthermore, many of the available data are based upon experience with the inorganic form of the radionuclide whereas today many radionuclides are incorporated into other molecules. These "tagged" substances are metabolized differently from the inorganic forms, resulting in an altered radiation exposure.In a recent communication, we recorded the average . . .
Lister Revisited: Surgical Antisepsis and Asepsis
Authors: Dennis G. Maki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Perhaps the greatest single advance in the history of surgery, aseptic wound management, was conceived and advocated decades before bacteria were conclusively implicated in the genesis of wound suppuration and even before contagion was generally accepted. Although it was promulgated in the 1840's by Ignaz Semmelweis in Europe and Oliver Wendell Holmes in this country against bitter opposition, wide-scale acceptance awaited Joseph Lister's epochal studies of prevention of surgical-wound infection between 1865 and 1891.1 Noteworthy is the fact that Lister's enormous impact derived from his empiric and indomitable belief in chemical antisepsis (i.e., "against sepsis"). Initially applying compresses saturated in . . .
P2-223: Analysis of clinical and dosimetric factors associated with severe radiation pneumonitis in locally advanced Non–Small–Cell–Lung–Cancer patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and intensity–modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)
Authors: Anhui Shi, Guangying Zhu, Rong Yu, Fuhai Li, Dongming Li, Yan Sun, Bo Xu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Effects of MCI-154, a Calcium Sensitizer, on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in Pacing-Induced Heart Failure in the Dog
Authors: Shinobu Teramura, Tetsu Yamakado, Mitsugu Maeda, Takeshi Nakano
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background MCI-154 is a positive inotropic agent that increases the myofilament response to Ca 2+ . Whether MCI-154 has beneficial effects on left ventricular dysfunction in chronic heart failure is not known. We examined the effects of MCI-154 on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in pacing-induced heart failure in dogs. Methods and Results We studied eight anesthetized dogs before and 2 to 4 weeks after rapid right ventricular pacing. Left cineventriculograms with simultaneous left ventricular pressures (tip manometer) were obtained before and during intravenous administration of MCI-154 (1.0 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 for 15 minutes) in the control and heart-failure states. Left ventricular volume dynamics was derived from frame-by-frame (20-ms) analyses of left ventricular angiograms. In heart failure, left ventricular contractility as assessed by shifts of the end-systolic pressure-volume ratio, evaluated by inferior vena cava occlusion, was improved by MCI-154 (+1.94 mm Hg/mL, P &lt;.05) to an extent similar to that in the control state (+2.47 mm Hg/mL, P &lt;.05). MCI-154 also accelerated left ventricular relaxation, assessed by the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (T 1/2 ), in both states. The absolute decrease in T 1/2 with MCI-154 in heart failure was significantly greater than in the control state (−8.2 versus −3.1 ms, P &lt;.05). In heart failure, MCI-154 shifted the left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relation clearly downward, suggesting increased diastolic distensibility. Conclusions MCI-154 improved not only left ventricular systolic function but also diastolic relaxation and distensibility in a chronic heart failure model.
Alan Christopher Thackray
Authors: Robert M Thackray
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Founder of the Northern Ireland Renal ServiceMollie McGeown overcame gender prejudice in 1950s Northern Ireland medicine to build a career that changed the lives of thousands of people affected by kidney failure.After completing an MD thesis on endocarditis followed by a PhD in biochemistry, she was awarded a five year Medical Research Council fellowship and went on to develop an international reputation in calcium metabolism, hyperparathyroidism, and kidney stone disease.In 1959 she was appointed to set up a dialysis service for Northern Ireland and carried out the first successful dialysis on a uraemic patient later that year.This was a pivotal moment for patients in Northern Ireland with kidney failure.Over 200 patients in Northern Ireland at that time died each year from this cause.In 1971 a young woman treated by Mollie for pregnancy related renal failure founded the Northern Ireland Kidney Research Fund, which has to date raised £3m (€4.38m; $5.6m).Mollie was the patron of this fund up to her death.
Cerebral Circulation and Metabolism
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This volume contains the papers presented at the 6th International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism held in Philadelphia, June 1973. The papers themselves are succinctly presented and well edited. Each session is followed by a chairman's summary, which crystalizes the information presented under the general headings of Autoregulation, Chemical Control, Focal Lesions, Methodology, Ischemia, Clinical Stroke, Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring, Pharmacology and Anesthesia, and Neurogenic Control and Metabolism. It is particularly interesting to consider this authoritative compendium by looking back on the 25-year span of interest in the subject, which was initiated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1945 when Drs Seymour Kety and Carl F. Schmidt perfected their method for the measurement of total cerebral blood flow. Their innovation spawned enormous activity in the field of cerebral flow and metabolism, beginning with physiology and pharmacology of the human cerebral circulation and expanding to clinical
Estrogens from sewage in coastal marine environments.
Authors: Shannon Atkinson, Marlin J Atkinson, Ann M Tarrant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Estrogens are ancient molecules that act as hormones in vertebrates and are biologically active in diverse animal phyla. Sewage contains natural and synthetic estrogens that are detectable in streams, rivers, and lakes. There are no studies reporting the distribution of steroidal estrogens in marine environments. We measured estrogens in sewage, injection-well water, and coastal tropical and offshore tropical water in the Pacific Ocean, western Atlantic Ocean, and Caribbean Sea. Concentrations of unconjugated estrone ranged from undetectable (< 40 pg/L) in the open ocean to nearly 2,000 pg/L in Key West, Florida, and Rehoboth Bay, Delaware (USA); estrone concentrations were highest near sources of sewage. Enzymatic hydrolysis of steroid conjugates in seawater samples indicated that polar conjugates comprise one-half to two-thirds of "total estrone" (unconjugated plus conjugated) in Hawaiian coastal samples. Adsorption to basalt gravel and carbonate sand was less than 20% per week and indicates that estrogens can easily leach into the marine environment from septic fields and high-estrogen groundwater. Of 20 sites (n = 129 samples), the mean values from 12 sites were above the threshold concentration for uptake into coral, indicating that there is a net uptake of anthropogenic steroidal estrogen into these environments, with unknown impacts.
Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE assertion of black pride and aspiration has produced painful as well as happy readjustments: bloody civil strife together with burgeoning civil rights; abject mea culpa from some, abuse of the mea culpists by others; imposition of quotas welcomed today, to become cursed tomorrow. Sickle cell disease is a problem of blacks that has become a political weapon. Whitey can be clouted with both ends of the stick. If sickle cell was a<i>white</i>disease, it would have been conquered years ago—vs—genetic counseling to breed out sickle cell is cryptogenocide. In coping with this sickle cell crisis, biracial committees strive to avoid the racist epithet. Funds are awarded in excess of requirement, and projects are approved that no one wants. Even more funds are sought by fraudulent television solicitation: "While sickle cell anemia cannot be cured, early detection can prevent its spread.... Send contributions...." College children are encouraged to organize
Targeting myocardial substrate metabolism in heart failure: potential for new therapies
Authors: Hossein Ardehali, Hani N. Sabbah, Michael A. Burke, Satyam Sarma, Peter P. Liu, John G.F. Cleland, Aldo Maggioni, Gregg C. Fonarow, E. Dale Abel, Umberto Campia, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Basic and Advanced Visual Cardiology: Illustrated Case Report Multi-Media Approach
Authors: Nelson B. Schiller
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Of<i>Basic and Advanced Visual Cardiology</i>Dr Jules Constant writes in the foreword that it is "the first time in publishing history an English translation of a Japanese cardiology book" has been produced. If this claim is so (and I have no reason to question it), why has this particular book been so honored? The reason given by Dr Constant is that "the illustrations are so clearly labeled that they serve for a model for teachers and publishers and show us teaching can be an art as well as a science." I quite agree. The illustrations are not only copious, they are indeed the most clearly labeled and accurately executed I have seen. In fact, the book is basically a pictorial atlas strung together with a rather loose stroma of clinical pathophysiology and case histories. Its strong points include the extraordinary reproduction and labeling of chest x-ray films, angiograms, electrocardiograms,
Abstract 3784: HMGB1 affects plasma amino acid profiles in colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Hiroki Kuniyasu, Yi Luo, Hitoshi Ohmori, Kiyomu Fujii, Tomonori Sasahira, Yoshitomo Chihara, Junya Yoneda, Kazutaka Shimbo, Sachise Eto
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Alteration of the plasma free amino acid profile was reported to be a potential marker of colorectal cancer and breast cancer. The plasma amino acid profile has been reported as a relevant marker for early detection of colorectal cancer (Okamoto N et al. Int J Med Med Sci, 2009). In the present study, we examined the plasma amino acid profile as a marker for evaluating colon cancer risk. The amino acid profiles were examined in the mouse plasma using DMH-induced C57BL6 mouse colon carcinogenesis model. The plasma amino acid profiles of DMH-treated mice were different from that in control mice. Importantly, the plasma amino acid profile at procarcinogenic phase was also distinguished from the control. We focused on HMGB1, which was timely increased in serum and colon mucosa of the DMH-treated mice. In HMGB1-adeministrated mice, the plasma amino acid profiles showed a resemble pattern with that in the procarcinogenic phase mice. Decrease of most amino acids in the liver and skeletal muscle suggested an increase of catabolism in HMGB1-treated mice. In the mouse liver and muscle tissues, HMGB1 decreased pyruvate kinase M1 expression, and tetrazolium desoxydation, whereas lactate production was not increased. HMGB1 decreased phosphorylation levels of mTOR and increased protein levels of Beclin1 and LC3 in mouse liver and muscle tissue, whereas a mitochondrial marker, Diablo was not affected. Inhibitor of p38 MAPK abrogated HMGB1-induced autophagy signals. These findings suggest that HMGB1 affects energy production in mitochondria and activates autophagy signals, which might induce protein degradation and subsequent alteration of plasma amino acid profiles. The change of the plasma amino acid profiles might be a key finding detecting procarcinogenic status of the colon. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3784. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3784
Thiazide-Induced Hypokalemia With Associated Major Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Paul D. Redleaf
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A 48-year-old woman survived multiple episodes of ventricular tachycardia, flutter, and fibrillation which were associated with a profound thiazide-induced hypokalemia. The significant features of the case are (1) the dosage of hydrochlorothiazide was quite modest, (2) the patient had no known underlying heart disease and was not receiving digitalis, and (3) the arrhythmias were remarkably refractory to the usual therapeutic measures. When recurring ventricular tachyarrhythmias could not be controlled with quinidine sulfate, procainamide hydrochloride diphenylhydantoin sodium, and lidocaine hydrochloride, treatment with bretylium tosylate was instituted. No further episodes occurred thereafter, and it was possible to discontinue this agent without ventricular automatism after potassium repletion had been accomplished. Bretylium appears to be a new and effective agent for the control of major ventricular arrhythmias.
Dietary habits and their relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Giovanni Musso, Roberto Gambino, Franco De Michieli, Maurizio Cassader, Mario Rizzetto, Marilena Durazzo, Emanuela Fagà, Barbara Silli, Gianfranco Pagano
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The relations of dietary habits to insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceride metabolism were evaluated in 25 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 25 age–, body mass index (BMI)–, and gender–matched healthy controls. After a 7–day alimentary record, they underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated from the OGTT; an oral fat load test was also performed in 15 patients and 15 controls. The dietary intake of NASH patients was richer in saturated fat (13.7% ± 3.1% vs. 10.0% ± 2.1% total kcal, respectively, P = .0001) and in cholesterol (506 ± 108 vs. 405 ± 111 mg/d, respectively, P = .002) and was poorer in polyunsaturated fat (10.0% ± 3.5% vs. 14.5% ± 4.0% total fat, respectively, P = .0001), fiber (12.9 ± 4.1 vs. 23.2 ± 7.8 g/d, respectively, P = .000), and antioxidant vitamins C (84.3 ± 43.1 vs. 144.2 ± 63.1 mg/d, respectively, P = .0001) and E (5.4 ± 1.9 vs. 8.7 ± 2.9 mg/d, respectively, P = .0001). The ISI was significantly lower in NASH patients than in controls. Postprandial total and very low density lipoproteins triglyceride at +4 hours and +6 hours, triglyceride area under the curve, and incremental triglyceride area under the curve were higher in NASH compared with controls. Saturated fat intake correlated with ISI, with the different features of the metabolic syndrome, and with the postprandial rise of triglyceride. Postprandial apolipoprotein (Apo) B48 and ApoB100 responses in NASH were flat and strikingly dissociated from the triglyceride response, suggesting a defect in ApoB secretion. In conclusion, dietary habits may promote steatohepatitis directly by modulating hepatic triglyceride accumulation and antioxidant activity as well as indirectly by affecting insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceride metabolism. Our findings provide further rationale for more specific alimentary interventions, particularly in nonobese, nondiabetic normolipidemic NASH patients.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF "CREATIVE IMAGINATION" IN NORMAL PEOPLE AND IN MENTALLY DISEASED
Authors: Helge Lundholm
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1924)

Subjects.—Fifty normal people, 11 manic-depressive manics, 12 manic-depressive depressions, nine cases of dementia præcox and three psychopaths. Procedure of the Experiment.—A perfectly meaningless picture was shown to the subjects for two minutes. Previously an instruction was given, suggesting strongly to the subjects, that the picture is a representation of meaningful objects and urging them to report everything they see. The report was analyzed with emphasis on the relation between significant and non-significant statements. By the former are meant statements picking out parts of the picture as meaningful objects. Results.—The study of the normal group showed certain tendencies of sex differences. The 25 men gave together a larger number of significant statements than the 25 women, and thus seemed to have the capacity of "creating images" more strongly developed. Both among men and women there was a type of individual who talked a large number of words but few significant ones. To this "normal talkative type" belonged twice as many women as men. The attitude of the male subjects to the test was set more rapidly than the attitude of the female. The manic-depressive manics gave a considerably larger number of significant statements than the normal, thus showing an increased tendency of "creating images." The recovering manics approached the "normal talkative type" in their productions. The study of the manic-depressive depressions distinguishes the retarded depressions from the non-retarded ones. The former gave a much less number of both significant and non-significant words than the normal, thus showing a decreased tendency of "creating images." The non-retarded depressions gave also a small number of significant words but quite a large number of insignificant ones. Consequently they approach in their performance the "normal talkative type," just as the recovering manics do. The attitude of the depressed subject was always easily set and about invariably the one of "I can not." This is the phrase with which they mostly begin their productions and we consider their attitude as a beautiful expression of the "feeling of inadequacy" which is a characteristic symptom of melancholics. The non-retarded depressions showed a stronger tendency of perseveration in their productions than any of the other groups. The test result from dementia præcox cases and psychopaths shows a variability of features which makes impossible any general conclusions.
Tubulointerstitial and Glomerular Nephritis Associated With Rifampin
Authors: Patricia A. Gabow
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In a patient with tuberculosis and acute renal failure related to administration of therapeutic rifampin, treatment was discontinued for five weeks. It was reinstituted three weeks later. Unlike other patients previously described, the expected adverse renal reaction occurred only gradually and without symptoms, although tubular and glomerular disease developed. Also unique was a striking deposition of immunoglobulin about the tubules. This finding, in association with interstitial nephritis and tubular glycosuria, is similar to an experimental autologous renal disease mediated by antibody to tubular basement membrane. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2517-2518, 1976)
Psychotic Reaction to Disulfiram
Authors: Jordan M. Scher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recently, I had occasion to prescribe disulfiram (Antabuse) for an alcoholic patient, 0.5 gm three times a day, then 0.5 gm twice a day and finally, 0.5 gm once daily. It may well be that the patient began the drug too quickly after his previous alcoholic intake, 12 hours earlier. Within 24 hours the patient exhibited increasing mania. He became highly euphoric and extremely loquacious, but was coherent at all times. However, he lost his sense of judgment and discrimination, in that he readily revealed, much too openly, details of his personal life. The patient seemed to feel that he could confide in anyone and everyone. His affect was extremely warm, and one might have taken him for a very gregarious, outgoing individual except for the obvious excessiveness of the behavior. This reaction lasted approximately a month, toward the end of which time the patient received 0.5
Reply to J. I. Shin et al.
Authors: N. Uza, S. Yazumi
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We thank Drs. Jae Il Shin and Jae Seung Lee for their interest in our article ”Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in an elderly patient with unusual manifestation” [1]. They, like other authors, suggest the utility of measurement of factor XIII activity in the diagnosis of atypical HSP without skin rash. We agree with them that the measurement of plasma factor XIII activity might be helpful in the diagnosis of atypical HSP. Nevertheless all the patients in the reports cited by Lee & Shin were children with severe abdominal pain [2] [3]. Abdominal pain is one of the major manifestations of HSP [4]; however, it was absent in our patient. Moreover, as Gunasekaran et al. reported, decrease of factor XIII activity is not specific for HSP [3].