tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The First American Medical Publications
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

A RECENT survey of early medical books published in America has disclosed the unique character of the type of literature made available to the public and the physicians by local printers in the days of the British colony.1 Of the 20 imprints published before 1722, all were made in Cambridge or in Boston as broadsides or pamphlets. Before the country was settled into a pattern of medical reporting based on personal experience the first books were almost always impressions of publications already printed in London. Some were sermons, for many of the clergy either practiced or were well acquainted with . . .
Effects of naftidrofuryl on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis.
Authors: A J Williams, J Osman, C Skinner
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Naftidrofuryl enhances oxidative phosphorylation and might therefore be expected to improve exercise tolerance and breathlessness in advanced chronic bronchitis. This hypothesis was tested in a four-week placebo-controlled trial in 11 bronchitic patients. Seven patients completed the study. There was no evidence of any benefit from naftidrofuryl either subjectively or after a 12-minute walking test.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Rat Kidney from Ureteral Obstruction via an Antiapoptotic Pathway
Authors: Jin Hyun Kim, Jung Ill Yang, Myeong Hee Jung, Jeong Seok Hwa, Kee-Ryeong Kang, Dong Jun Park, Gu Seob Roh, Gyeong Jae Cho, Wan Sung Choi, Se-Ho Chang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

This study examined the functional significance of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on renal injury induced by ureteral obstruction in the rat kidney. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups, after which unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed: untreated (group 1), treated with 30 mg/kg body wt hemin (group 2), and treated with 50 microg/kg body wt zinc (alpha) protoporphyrin eta (ZnPP) and 30 mg/kg hemin (group 3). After 7 and 14 d, histologic changes and the expression of HO-1, Bcl-2, Bad, TGF-beta, and cleaved caspase-3 were examined. Tubular lumens were dilated and epithelial cells were flattened on day 7 after UUO. Interstitial fibrosis and separation of the tubules were markedly increased on day 14. In contrast, the kidneys that were treated with hemin exhibited minimal interstitial fibrosis and flattening of epithelial cells on day 7 and fewer changes on day 14 than in the controls. However, treatment with ZnPP, an inhibitor of HO enzyme activity, eliminated the beneficial effect of hemin on interstitial fibrosis and tubular dilation. Increased HO-1 expression was associated with increased Bcl-2. In the ZnPP-treated rats, Bcl-2 signals were decreased compared with the hemin group. The level of proapoptotic Bad was not changed in any group. The positive cells for cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased in renal tubular epithelial cells and tubulointerstitial cells in the obstructed rats, and hemin treatment decreased the caspase-3 activation. This study demonstrates that upregulation of HO-1 provides protection against renal injury that follows UUO. This effect is dependent on modulation of the antiapoptotic pathway by HO-1 expression.
Tetany after Removal of Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: N. S. Conway
Journal: BMJ (1949)

single daily injection.On the 27th day slight morning nausea appeared and four days later she began to vomit.Benadryl, 50 mg.eight-hourly, was started on the fol!owing day.During the next twelve days there was no nausea and she vomited only once.Identical capsules containing phenobarbitone were substituted.Twenty-four hours later the vomiting reappeared.The next day the same capsules containing 100 mg. of antistin were substituted; vomiting ceased after the first dose.Antistin in tablet form was continued for ten days.After its withdrawal neither nausea nor vomniting reappeared and she remained free from these symptoms throughout the remainder of the 32 weeks of streptomycin treatment.In at least three of these cases we would have had to stop the streptomycin if we had not been able to control the nausea and vomiting.With the continuous administration of benadryl it was possible to complete the full four-months course.We would emphasize, however, that giddiness due to strep.omycin was not relieved by the antihistamine drugs.SummaryAntihistamine drugs were found to relieve the nausea and vomiting which sometimes occur during treatment with strepto- mycin.This conclusion was supported by control tests in four severe cases.Giddiness due to streptomycin was not relieved.We are grateful for the co-operation of the physicians of the Bronmpton Hospital under whose care the patients were admitted.We also wish to thank the hospital pharmacists for help with the control tests and Messrs. Parke, Davis and Co. for a supply of empty capsules.
Genetic Diversity in Hemoglobins
Authors: Harold N. Bass
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their excellent discussion of "Genetic Diversity in Hemoglobins: Disease and Nondisease" (239:2681, 1978), Scott and Gilbert comment on the gene prevalence for several common autosomal recessive hematologic and nonhematologic disorders. However, they do not make it clear whether they are talking about gene frequency or the proportion of heterozygotes (carriers) for that particular gene in the population. By the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the heterozygote proportion is approximately twice the gene frequency.<sup>1</sup> Thus, the figure of 5% to 6% given by Scott and Gilbert for cystic fibrosis really represents the carrier rate in the white population of the United States, while the gene frequency is half that, or 2.5% to 3% (1/40 to 1/33). Multiplying the gene frequency by itself would give the generally accepted incidence of 1/1,600 to 1/1,089 for newborns with cystic fibrosis (homozygotes). Similarly, the figures given for phenylketonuria in the general population (2%)
Oral cytarabine ocfosfate in acute myeloid leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma – phase I/II studies and pharmacokinetics
Authors: J Braess, M Freund, A Hanauske, G Heil, C Kaufmann, W Kern, M Schüssler, W Hiddemann, E Schleyer
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Maldevelopment of Oesophagus
Authors: R. Theron
Journal: BMJ (1926)

MALDEVELOPMENT OF OESOPHAGUS.[I TEDICAr JOURNLS the stained cloth is present.If the solution be heated after the reagents have been added, a clear ruby-red colour is quickly given.It is a wise precaution to remove the stained cloth before adding the reagents if the material be dyed a deep reddish hue, lest the dye coming inlto solution impart a pinkislh coloul, simulating a positive reaction xvhen blood is absent.Stains composed of pig, ox, and sheep blood were also tested, but no difference in reaction fromi that of human blood of the same age was revealed.
Coronary Collateral Flow after Traumatic Fistula between Right Coronary Artery and Right Atrium
Authors: Stuart L. Siepser, Alfred J. Kaltman, Noel Mills, Tretorn Pughkem, Arthur C. Fox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

OUR experience with early diagnosis and repair of a traumatic fistula between right coronary artery and right atrium in an adolescent provided an opportunity to examine the appearance and disappearance of coronary collateral circulation.Case ReportA 14-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital on May 18, 1971, in shock after sustaining a bullet wound in the chest. Immediate thoracotomy revealed that the bullet had perforated the right ventricle and right atrium, and lodged in the lower lobe of the right lung. Pericardial tamponade was apparent. The perforations were sutured, the pericardium was removed, and the chest closed. Several days . . .
Different Effects of Thrombin Receptor Activation on Endothelium and Smooth Muscle Cells of Human Coronary Bypass Vessels
Authors: Zhihong Yang, Frank Ruschitzka, Ton J. Rabelink, Georg Noll, Friedgard Julmy, Hana Joch, Verena Gafner, Ivan Aleksic, Ulrich Althaus, Thomas F. Lüscher
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Thrombin is implicated in coronary bypass graft disease; it cleaves its receptor’s extracellular N-terminal domain and unmasks a new N-terminus as a tethered ligand. We studied the effects of thrombin receptor activation in human internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein (SV). Methods and Results To study the effects of thrombin receptor activation on vasomotion, isolated blood vessels were suspended for isometric tension recording, and the effects on cell proliferation were studied in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of IMA and SV. Thrombin receptor expression in IMA and SV was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistology. Receptor function was studied by analyzing the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42 MAPK ). In IMA thrombin evoked endothelium-dependent relaxations (65±5%) that were mimicked by thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) and reduced by the thrombin inhibitors recombinant (r-) hirudin and d -Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) ( P &lt;.05). In SV thrombin caused contractions (36±5% of 100 mmol/L KCl) that were inhibited by r-hirudin or PPACK ( P &lt;.05) but not mimicked by TRAP. In SMCs thrombin induced more pronounced [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation (inhibited by r-hirudin or PPACK) in SV than IMA ( P &lt;.05), but activation of p42 MAPK was similar in both vessels. TRAP induced weaker activation of p42 MAPK than thrombin and did not stimulate [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation in SMCs of SV or IMA. Immunohistology and RT-PCR demonstrated that the endothelium and SMCs of IMA and SV express thrombin receptor. Conclusions Functional thrombin receptors are present on endothelium and SMCs of IMA and SV. Endothelial thrombin receptors mediate relaxation in IMA but not SV. Thrombin causes much more pronounced contraction and proliferation in SMCs of SV than IMA independent of tethered receptors, suggesting other thrombin receptors exist. These differences of thrombin receptor activation in IMA and SV may be important in the development of and therapy for graft disease.
Hemodynamic versus adrenergic control of cat right ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: G Cooper, R L Kent, C E Uboh, E W Thompson, T A Marino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cardiac hypertrophy in response to hemodynamic overloading is a primary result of the increased load or is instead a secondary result of such other factors as concurrent sympathetic activation. To make this distinction, four experiments were done; the major experimental result, cardiac hypertrophy, was assessed in terms of ventricular mass and cardiocyte cross-sectional area. In the first experiment, the cat right ventricle was loaded differentially by pressure overloading the ventricle, while unloading a constituent papillary muscle; this model was used to ask whether any endogenous or exogenous substance caused uniform hypertrophy, or whether locally appropriate load responses caused ventricular hypertrophy with papillary muscle atrophy. The latter result obtained, both when each aspect of differential loading was simultaneous and when a previously hypertrophied papillary muscle was unloaded in a pressure overloaded right ventricle. In the second experiment, epicardial denervation and then pressure overloading was used to assess the role of local neurogenic catecholamines in the genesis of hypertrophy. The degree of hypertrophy caused by these procedures was the same as that caused by pressure overloading alone. In the third and fourth experiments, beta-adrenoceptor or alpha-adrenoceptor blockade was produced before and maintained during pressure overloading. The hypertrophic response did not differ in either case from that caused by pressure overloading without adrenoceptor blockade. These experiments demonstrate the following: first, cardiac hypertrophy is a local response to increased load, so that any factor serving as a mediator of this response must be either locally generated or selectively active only in those cardiocytes in which stress and/or strain are increased; second, catecholamines are not that mediator, in that adrenergic activation is neither necessary for nor importantly modifies the cardiac hypertrophic response to an increased hemodynamic load.
END-RESULTS FROM TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR BY THE CALIPER METHOD
Authors: CYRIL J. GLASPEL
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Since the appearance of the preliminary report on the treatment of war fractures of the femur by means of extension by the caliper or ice tong method, by Major Frederic A. Besley,<sup>1</sup>more than fifty cases have been treated by this method, and the end-results have been sufficiently satisfactory to merit discussion. To review briefly the technic of obtaining extension by means of the calipers: The patient generally arrives at the base hospital within from twelve to forty-eight hours after being wounded, depending on whether or not his condition is satisfactory for transportation. His wounds have usually been excised at a clearing station and all damaged skin, fascia, muscle, detached bone and foreign bodies, such as metal, clothing and dirt, removed. He is transported in a Thomas splint with moderate extension maintained by the use of glue applied below the knee joint. We consider the Thomas splint an ideal
Leukemia in Utah and Radioactive Fallout From the Nevada Test Site
Authors: Walter Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Previous studies reported an association between leukemia rates and amounts of fallout in southwestern Utah from nuclear tests (1952 to 1958), but individual radiation exposures were unavailable. Therefore, a case-control study with 1177 individuals who died of leukemia and 5330 other deaths (controls) was conducted using estimates of dose to bone marrow computed from fallout deposition rates and subjects' residence locations. A weak association between bone marrow dose and all types of leukemia, all ages, and all time periods after exposure was found. This overall trend was not statistically significant, but significant trends in excess risk were found in subgroups defined by cell type, age, and time after exposure. The greatest excess risk was found in those individuals in the high-dose group with acute leukemia who were younger than 20 years at exposure and who died before 1964. These results are consistent with previous studies and with risk estimates for other populations exposed to radiation. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:585-591)
Large Burns in Humans
Authors: Michael J. Saliba
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Seven patients with deep second- and third-degree burns covering 15%, 31%, 34%, 40%, 47%, 51%, and 60% of their bodies were treated with large doses of heparin sodium administered parenterally and topically. Heparin relieved the pain and prevented burn extension so that the initial burn size was the maximum eventual size. No edema, symptoms of toxic reactions, or shock developed. Compared to Brooks' formula or Evans' formula, fluid therapy requirements were significantly less (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). No escharotomy or fasciectomy was required during heparin treatment; one fasciectomy was done later. There was enhanced revascularization, granulation, and re-epithelialization without contracture, infection, or graft. No bleeding problems occurred. No respiratory problems occurred during treatment. One case of pneumonitis occurred later. One death from gram-negative septicemia occurred 35 days after heparin therapy was terminated. The effect of heparin was dose-related and dose-dependent.
Now Is the Time to Emphasize the Autopsy in Quality Assurance
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has adopted a revised standard that includes changes in the autopsy policy, which will become effective for survey on Jan 1,1989. The new standard reads as follows: MS.8.1.7.3 The medical staff, with other appropriate hospital staff, develops and uses criteria that identify deaths in which an autopsy should be performed. MS.8.1.7.3.1 Findings from autopsies are used as a source of clinical information in quality assurance activities. MR.2.2.15.9 When an autopsy is performed, provisional anatomic diagnoses are recorded in the medical record within three days, and the complete protocol is made part of the record within sixty days, unless exceptions for special studies are established by the medical staff. Dennis O'Leary, MD, Joint Commission president, has stated: "The Joint Commission has always emphasized the importance of the autopsy as a valuable aid in evaluation of the quality of care and in continuing professional
Predictive value of systolic blood pressure in young men for elevated systolic blood pressure 12 to 15 years later.
Authors: P Froom, M Bar-David, J Ribak, D Van Dyk, B Kallner, J Benbassat
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined annually for 12 to 15 years in 719 men, 18 to 30 years old at entry into the study. SBP values at entry were compared with those measured in the same individuals at the end of the follow-up period. The cutoff point separating "normal" from "elevated" SBP was arbitrarily set at 140 mm Hg. The highest SBP recorded at entry was 170 mm Hg. Elevated SBP on follow-up was 2.3 times more common among subjects with elevated SBP at entry. Yet, 89.2% of the subjects with elevated SBP at entry had a normal SBP on follow-up. A normal SBP at entry did not reduce the risk of elevated SBP on follow-up.
Velocity and starting block variables during a 30 m sprint run
Authors: Saeed Ilbeigi, Friso Hagman, Bart Van Gheluwe
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Performance in sprinting is mainly determined by the ability to accelerate, to increase maximal velocity and to maintain velocity during the race. These factors are strongly influenced by structural and metabolic characteristics, anthropometric components but also certainly by biomechanical considerations (Mero et al ., 1992). Sixty Flemish adolescent sprint athletes (mean age 14.8 ± 1.7 years) volunteered. Anthropometrical measurements were used to calculate corrected thigh girth, corrected calf girth and total body skeletal muscle mass (Poortmans et al ., 2005). The running velocity and time during a 30-m sprint was recorded using a laser device (IBEO Lasertechnik). The horizontal propulsion forces while in contact with the start blocks were registered by two start blocks (Berg, Olympia). The velocity of the sprinters after leaving the blocks continuously increased during the 30-m sprint. Moreover, the results presented a significant influence of age, gender and other anthropometrical parameters on block velocity, block acceleration, force and impulse, where the older boys displayed significantly higher block variable values than girls. In the present study, age, skeletal muscle mass and thigh girth circumference were found to be the best predictors for the velocity during 30 m sprints, block velocity and maximal forces applying on the blocks. In this way, it has been well documented that a successful sprint start can be attributed to the ability of an athlete to exert large horizontal forces (Baumann, 1976; Harland &amp; Steele, 1997). This is made evident by the strong relationship between block velocity and horizontal force production. Therefore, the horizontal force production that is related to muscle mass and muscle volume can be a good predictor for the velocity of the sprinters.
Web Resources for Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics
Authors: Tao Chen, Jie Zhao, Jie Ma, Yunping Zhu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2015)

Abstract With the development of high-resolution and high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS) technology, a large quantum of proteomic data is continually being generated. Collecting and sharing these data are a challenge that requires immense and sustained human effort. In this report, we provide a classification of important web resources for MS-based proteomics and present rating of these web resources, based on whether raw data are stored, whether data submission is supported, and whether data analysis pipelines are provided. These web resources are important for biologists involved in proteomics research.
Predictors of Course and Outcome in Hypochondriasis after Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment
Authors: Wolfgang Hiller, Rolf Leibbrand, Winfried Rief, Manfred M. Fichter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

Predictors of treatment outcome were evaluated in a clinical sample suffering from hypochondriasis.The sample consisted of 96 patients with hypochondriacal disorder according to DSM-IV or high syndrome scores on the Illness Attitude Scales (IAS) or Whiteley Index (WI). After intense inpatient cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), 60% of the patients were classified as responders because of substantial improvements or recovery from hypochondriacal symptomatology.Non-responders were characterized by a higher degree of pre-treatment hypochondriasis, more somatization symptoms and general psychopathology (SCL-90R), more dysfunctional cognitions related to bodily functioning, higher levels of psychosocial impairments, and more utilization of the health care system as indicated by the number of hospital days and costs for inpatient treatments and medication. No predictive value was found for sociodemographic variables, comorbidity with other mental disorders and chronicity. Multiple linear regression showed that pre-treatment variables significantly predicted IAS scores at post-treatment (R(2) = 0.59), changes during treatment (0.10), IAS scores at follow-up two years later (0.41) and changes between baseline and follow-up (0.25).The results demonstrate the relevance of various psychopathological variables and health care utilization as important indicators for outcome and further course of clinical hypochondriasis.
Prospective validation of an acute respiratory distress syndrome predictive score.
Authors: J E Heffner, L K Brown, C A Barbieri, K S Harpel, J DeLeo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We derived an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Score (ARDS Score) from previously described training set data. To validate its diagnostic accuracy for identifying a complicated course (early death or prolonged intubation) in acute lung injury, 50 patients were prospectively scored using an ARDS Score decision threshold of > or = 2.5 to discriminate between an uncomplicated (successful extubation after < or = 14 d) and complicated course. Predictor factors incorporated in the ARDS Score were collected on Day 4 and Day 7 of ARDS and included PaO2/PAO2 ratio, required positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and chest radiograph progression. The diagnostic accuracy of the ARDS Score for determining a complicated course as well as overall survival was compared with three other available indices. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the ARDS Score and Lung Injury Score (LIS) had the greatest diagnostic accuracy for determining a complicated course, but the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS Score) (score > or = 14) more accurately identified survival. The LIS components of static respiratory system compliance (Crs) and chest radiograph description did not differ between patient groups. The interobserver concordance of the dynamic chest radiograph interpretation included in the ARDS Score was significant (p < 0.05). We conclude that the previously derived ARDS Score has valid diagnostic accuracy for identifying patients with ARDS who will follow a complicated course.
Efficacy of oral ribavirin treatment in Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: A quasi-experimental study from Turkey
Authors: Nazif Elaldi, Hurrem Bodur, Sibel Ascioglu, Aysel Celikbas, Zulal Ozkurt, Haluk Vahaboglu, Hakan Leblebicioglu, Neziha Yilmaz, Aynur Engin, Mehmet Sencan, Kemalettin Aydin, Ilyas Dokmetas, Mustafa Aydin Cevik, Basak Dokuzoguz, Mehmet Ali Tasyaran, Recep Ozturk, Mehmet Bakir, Ramazan Uzun
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)