tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DSM-5 Field Trials in the United States and Canada, Part I: Study Design, Sampling Strategy, Implementation, and Analytic Approaches
Authors: Diana E. Clarke, William E. Narrow, Darrel A. Regier, S. Janet Kuramoto, David J. Kupfer, Emily A. Kuhl, Lisa Greiner, Helena C. Kraemer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Objective This article discusses the design, sampling strategy, implementation, and data analytic processes of the DSM-5 Field Trials. Method The DSM-5 Field Trials were conducted by using a test-retest reliability design with a stratified sampling approach across six adult and four pediatric sites in the United States and one adult site in Canada. A stratified random sampling approach was used to enhance precision in the estimation of the reliability coefficients. A web-based research electronic data capture system was used for simultaneous data collection from patients and clinicians across sites and for centralized data management. Weighted descriptive analyses, intraclass kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients for stratified samples, and receiver operating curves were computed. The DSM-5 Field Trials capitalized on advances since DSM-III and DSM-IV in statistical measures of reliability (i.e., intraclass kappa for stratified samples) and other recently developed measures to determine confidence intervals around kappa estimates. Results Diagnostic interviews using DSM-5 criteria were conducted by 279 clinicians of varied disciplines who received training comparable to what would be available to any clinician after publication of DSM-5. Overall, 2,246 patients with various diagnoses and levels of comorbidity were enrolled, of which over 86% were seen for two diagnostic interviews. A range of reliability coefficients were observed for the categorical diagnoses and dimensional measures. Conclusions Multisite field trials and training comparable to what would be available to any clinician after publication of DSM-5 provided “real-world” testing of DSM-5 proposed diagnoses.
Effect of Diet and Exercise Intervention on Blood Pressure, Insulin, Oxidative Stress, and Nitric Oxide Availability
Authors: Christian K. Roberts, Nosratola D. Vaziri, R. James Barnard
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Diet and exercise can affect blood pressure and atherosclerotic risk. Methods and Results— The present study was designed to examine the effects of a short-term, rigorous diet and exercise intervention on blood pressure, hyperinsulinemia, and nitric oxide (NO) availability. Men (n=11) were placed on a low-fat, high-fiber diet combined with daily exercise for 45 to 60 minutes for 3 weeks. Pre- and post fasting blood was drawn for serum lipid, insulin, 8-isoprostaglandin F 2α (8-iso-PGF 2α ), and glucose measurements. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and 24-hour urinary NO metabolite excretion (NO X ), a marker of NO bioavailability, were measured. Systolic ( P &lt;0.01) and diastolic BP ( P &lt;0.01) and 8-iso-PGF 2α decreased ( P &lt;0.05), whereas urinary NO X increased ( P &lt;0.05). There was a significant reduction in fasting insulin ( P &lt;0.01) and a significant correlation between the decrease in serum insulin and the increase in urinary NO X ( r 2 =0.68, P &lt;0.05). All fasting lipids decreased significantly, and the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio improved. Although body weight and body mass index ( P &lt;0.01) decreased, obesity was still present and there were no correlations between the change in body mass index and the change in insulin, BP, or urinary NO X . Conclusions— This intervention resulted in dramatic improvements in BP, oxidative stress, NO availability, and the metabolic profile within 3 weeks, mitigating the risk for atherosclerosis progression and its clinical sequelae.
Reactive oxygen production by cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells during phagocytosis is associated with stimulation of lipoxygenase activity.
Authors: L Baud, J Hagege, J Sraer, E Rondeau, J Perez, R Ardaillou
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

To investigate the phagocytic capability of glomerular mesangial cells and the biochemical events associated with phagocytosis, rat cultured mesangial cells were incubated in the presence of opsonized zymosan (STZ) and production of reactive-oxygen species and lipoxygenase products were determined. Mesangial cells were identified on the basis of morphologic (presence of microfilaments and pattern of staining by an anti-myosin antiserum) and physiologic (contractile activity in response to angiotensin II) characteristics. No contamination by esterase-positive cells was observed. Electron microscopy revealed that the phagocytic process started after 5 min of incubation, and affected approximately 50% of the cells. Superoxide anion (.O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation by mesangial cells exposed to STZ increased with time and STZ concentration. Cells incubated with zymosan particles treated with heated serum produced undetectable amounts of .O2- and 6 times less H2O2 than cells exposed to STZ. Pretreatment by cytochalasin B produced a marked decrease in STZ-stimulated production of reactive oxygen species. [3H]Arachidonic acid was incorporated into mesangial cell phospholipids and its release and conversion into monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) was measured by radiometric high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Incubation with STZ markedly stimulated the release of arachidonic acid from its phospholipid stores and its transformation into 11-, 12-, and 15-HETE. Lipoxygenase inhibitors inhibited STZ-stimulated H2O2 production, whereas they did not modify the phagocytic process as shown by the absence of any effect on the uptake of 125I-STZ by the mesangial cells. This study demonstrates that a high percentage of rat cultured mesangial cells phagocytose opsonized particles. The phagocytic process results in an oxidative burst that appears to be dependent on stimulation of the lipoxygenase pathway.
Impact of Genomics on Personalized Cancer Medicine
Authors: Carlos L. Arteaga, José Baselga
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Recent advances in tumor genetics and drug development have led to the generation of a wealth of anticancer targeted therapies. A few recent examples indicate that these drugs are mainly, if not exclusively, active against tumors of a particular genotype that can be identified by a diagnostic test, usually by detecting a somatic alteration in the tumor DNA. However, for the majority of targeted therapies in development, there are still no clinical tools to determine which patients are most likely to benefit or, alternatively, be resistant de novo to these novel agents or drug combinations.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PACATAL
Authors: PAUL E. FELDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. Pacatal is capable of eliciting therapeutic responses in chronically psychotic patients. 2. It is most efficacious for those aspects of behavior which are related to increased anxiety and least efficacious for judgment, insight, orientation, memory and affect. 3. The clinically significant side-effects are those related to the atropine-like action of Pacatal. Untreated eye complications, following prolonged administration of Pacatal, may lead to ulceration of the corneal epithelium. 4. It is recommended that any prolonged ocular disturbance as a result of Pacatal medication be treated with Neostigmine. 5. All the side-effects produced by Pacatal can be obliterated by symptomatic medication, lowering of daily dosage or discontinuation of the medication. 6. The results obtained with Pacatal are encouraging and warrant further investigation upon a prognostically better group of psychotic patients.
Relation Between Component Parts of Fibrocystic Disease Complex and Breast Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D L Page, R Vander Zwaag, L W Rogers, L T Williams, W E Walker, W H Hartmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Specimens of benign breast disease obtained from biopsies performed at Vanderbilt Hospital (Nashville, Tenn.) between 1952 and 1959 were histologically reviewed and characterized as to individual component types of fibrocystic disease. Follow-up for information regarding breast cancer development was 94% successful. Carcinoma developed more often when epithelial proliferative lesions were present. Atypical lobular hyperplasia had a greater predictive value than other epithelial lesions and was associated with an elevated risk six times that expected prior to the age of 45 years and a tripling of risk after the age of 45 years. Various ductal hyperplastic lesions are associated with approximately a doubly Increased risk that is present only if the lesions are identified at biopsy after the age of 45 years. Women with cysts, sclerosing aden os is, fibrosis, and other non hyperplastic changes were at no greater risk for subsequent carcinoma than women in the general population.
Ultrastretchable and Flexible Copper Interconnect‐Based Smart Patch for Adaptive Thermotherapy
Authors: Aftab M. Hussain, Ernesto Byas Lizardo, Galo A. Torres Sevilla, Joanna M. Nassar, Muhammad M. Hussain
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Unprecedented 800% stretchable, non-polymeric, widely used, low-cost, naturally rigid, metallic thin-film copper (Cu)-based flexible and non-invasive, spatially tunable, mobile thermal patch with wireless controllability, adaptability (tunes the amount of heat based on the temperature of the swollen portion), reusability, and affordability due to low-cost complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible integration. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Evidence for the Existence of Two Distinct Functions for the Inducible NO Synthase in the Rat Kidney
Authors: Clarice Kazue Fujihara, Ana Lúcia Mattar, José Mauro Vieira, Denise Maria Avancini Costa Malheiros, Irene de Lourdes Noronha, Anderson Ricardo Roman Gonc[COMBINING CEDILLA]alves, Gilberto de Nucci, Roberto Zatz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. The functional role of the NO synthase (NOS) isoforms in the normal or diseased kidney is uncertain. This study examined the renal expression of the endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS) isoforms by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses in sham-operated rats (S) and in rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). Primary antibodies from two different sources were used to detect iNOS. Additional S and Nx rats were chronically treated with aminoguanidine (AG), a selective iNOS inhibitor. All three isoforms were clearly expressed in S kidney. Their renal abundance, evaluated by Western blot analysis, fell in Nx rats. With the use of anti-iNOS antibodies from two distinct sources, the immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of what appeared to be two distinct iNOS fractions: a "tubular" fraction, present in S and with decreased intensity in Nx; and an "interstitial" fraction, observed only in inflamed areas of Nx rats. AG treatment greatly attenuated renal injury in Nx rats by a direct antiinflammatory effect, likely related to iNOS inhibition, rather than to amelioration of renal hemodynamics or to reduced protein glycation. These observations suggest that: (1) the functional role of the renal iNOS isoform may vary dramatically under different physiologic conditions; (2) caution should be taken in the interpretation of immunohistochemical iNOS data, because antibodies from different sources may detect different iNOS fractions; and (3) AG treatment may become useful in the treatment of human progressive nephropathies, even those not associated with diabetes or aging.
Attributing Inpatient Medicare Costs to Diabetes Among the Texas Elderly
Authors: Roy R. McCandless
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

This study compares alternative methods for attributing hospital utilization and costs to diabetes. Findings from five "numerator" methods, found in the literature and based on presence of certain diagnoses or combinations of diagnoses in the billing records, were compared to benchmark findings derived from attributable risk calculations.Estimates of non-HMO, short-term, nonspecialized hospital stays, hospital days, and costs attributable to diabetes in Texas were derived from the 1995 Medicare inpatient database (MEDPAR) for persons aged at least 65 years at the end of 1994. Attributable risk calculations applied age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence, based on the combined 1987-1994 National Health Interview Surveys, to 1995 Medicare non-HMO, Part A (hospital insurance) enrollment among the Texas elderly. Alternative prevalence estimates were based on the 1994-1996 Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.The five numerator methods yielded cost estimates that were 10, 10, 75, 144, and 172% of the benchmark estimate.This study documents great variation in diabetes cost estimates that might result from alternative methods for selecting diagnoses or combinations of diagnoses as criteria for attributing costs to diabetes. Whereas no method that ignores population prevalence yielded an accurate cost estimate, I suggest that further empirical study may be helpful in selecting those combinations of diagnoses that might, on average, reasonably estimate diabetes costs in situations where population denominators are unavailable or prevalence is unknown.
Component-resolved diagnosis of baker's allergy based on specific IgE to recombinant wheat flour proteins∗
Authors: Ingrid Sander, Hans-Peter Rihs, Gert Doekes, Santiago Quirce, Esmeralda Krop, Peter Rozynek, Vera van Kampen, Rolf Merget, Ursula Meurer, Thomas Brüning, Monika Raulf
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Diagnostic Significance of d.Xylose Excretion Test
Authors: D. Fowler, W. T. Cooke
Journal: Gut (1960)

This paper assesses the use of d.xylose as a test of function of the small intestine. In general d.xylose excretion is associated with disturbance of the intestinal wall of the upper jejunum. Low readings are found with adult coeliac disease but rarely with regional enteritis.
Luminal Ca <sup>2+</sup> Controls Termination and Refractory Behavior of Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Induced Ca <sup>2+</sup> Release in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Dmitry Terentyev, Serge Viatchenko-Karpinski, Héctor H. Valdivia, Ariel L. Escobar, Sandor Györke
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Despite extensive research, the mechanisms responsible for the graded nature and early termination of Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in cardiac muscle remain poorly understood. Suggested mechanisms include cytosolic Ca 2+ -dependent inactivation/adaptation and luminal Ca 2+ -dependent deactivtion of the SR Ca 2+ release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs). To explore the importance of cytosolic versus luminal Ca 2+ regulatory mechanisms in controlling CICR, we assessed the impact of intra-SR Ca 2+ buffering on global and local Ca 2+ release properties of patch-clamped or permeabilized rat ventricular myocytes. Exogenous, low-affinity Ca 2+ buffers (5 to 20 mmol/L ADA, citrate or maleate) were introduced into the SR by exposing the cells to “internal” solutions containing the buffers. Enhanced Ca 2+ buffering in the SR was confirmed by an increase in the total SR Ca 2+ content, as revealed by application of caffeine. At the whole-cell level, intra-SR [Ca 2+ ] buffering dramatically increased the magnitude of Ca 2+ transients induced by I Ca and deranged the smoothly graded I Ca -SR Ca 2+ release relationship. The amplitude and time-to-peak of local Ca 2+ release events, Ca 2+ sparks, as well as the duration of local Ca 2+ release fluxes underlying sparks were increased up to 2- to 3-fold. The exogenous Ca 2+ buffers in the SR also reduced the frequency of repetitive activity observed at individual release sites in the presence of the RyR activator Imperatoxin A. We conclude that regulation of RyR openings by local intra-SR [Ca 2+ ] is responsible for termination of CICR and for the subsequent restitution behavior of Ca 2+ release sites in cardiac muscle.
Estimation of lung volumes from chest radiographs using shape information.
Authors: R J Pierce, D J Brown, M Holmes, G Cumming, D M Denison
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The cross-sectional shapes of the chest and its contained structures have been assessed in post-mortem anatomical sections and from computerised tomographic scans in living subjects. These shapes are described by simple equations that can be used to increase the accuracy of measuring lung volumes from chest radiographs. Radiographic estimates of total lung capacity, using the equations, were compared with plethysmographic and single-breath helium dilution measurements in 35 normal subjects. The postures commonly used for taking chest radiographs were found, on average, to decrease total lung capacity (TLC) and to increase residual volume by about 200 ml when compared with the sitting positions used for the other two measurements (studies made in 18 of the subjects). After correction for this effect, the radiographic estimates of TLC, which measure the displacement volume of the lung, exceeded the plethysmographic estimates of contained gas volume by a mean of 720 ml, which was taken as the volume of tissue, blood, and water in the lungs. The single-breath dilution estimates of TLC fell short of the plethysmographic values by a mean of 480 ml, taken as the volume of contained gas that was inaccessible to helium in 10 seconds. The tomographic studies suggested that the radiographic technique of measuring lung displacement volumes has an accuracy of +/- 210 ml. The method is rapid and simple to use and has intra- and inter-observer variabilities of less than 1% and less than 5% respectively.
Response to glucocorticoids at 2 weeks predicts the effectiveness of DMARD induction therapy at 3 months: post hoc analyses from the tREACH study
Authors: Pascal Hendrik Pieter de Jong, Rogier A Quax, Margriet Huisman, A H Gerards, Richard A Feelders, Peter B de Sonnaville, Jolanda J Luime, Angelique E Weel, J M Hazes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate if a glucocorticoid (GC) response at 2 weeks, defined by EULAR response criteria, can predict active disease (Disease Activity Score (DAS)&gt;2.4) at 3 months. <h3>Methods</h3> For this study, data of the Treatment in the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort study (tREACH), an ongoing clinical trial that evaluates different induction therapies in early rheumatoid arthritis, were used. We selected patients who had a high probability of progressing to persistent arthritis (&gt;70% based on the prediction model of Visser). All patients within the high-probability stratum, who had a baseline DAS&gt;2.2 and a DAS assessment at 2 weeks after randomisation, were included (n=120). Besides GC response at 2 weeks, we investigated which other factors were associated with active disease (DAS&gt;2.4) after 3 months of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment. All variables with a p≤0.25 were assessed in our logistic regression model with backward selection. Variables were eliminated until all remaining variables had a significant association (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Results</h3> Patients who did not respond to GC bridging therapy at 2 weeks had an overall OR of having active disease at 3 months of 10.29 (95% CI 3.34 to 31.64; p&lt;0.001) in comparison with responders. The corrected OR was 14.00 (95% CI 3.31 to 59.21; p&lt;0.001). Our final model predicting response at 3 months included the following variables: gender, GC response, induction therapy arms and baseline DAS, which had an explained variance of 39%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> GC response at 2 weeks is a useful tool for recognising those patients who will probably have active disease (DAS&gt;2.4) after 3 months of DMARD treatment.
IL-9 aggravates the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice
Authors: W. Zhang, T. Tang, D. Nie, S. Wen, C. Jia, Z. Zhu, N. Xia, S. Nie, S. Zhou, J. Jiao, W. Dong, B. Lv, T. Xu, B. Sun, Y. Lu, Y. Li, L. Cheng, Y. Liao, X. Cheng
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsRecently, interleukin (IL)-9 was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Here, we tested whether IL-9 was related to atherosclerosis and investigated the underlying mechanisms.
Effect of Thyroparathyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy on Renal Function and the Nephrotic Syndrome in Rat Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis
Authors: Robert C. Tomford, Malcolm L. Karlinsky, Bruce Buddington, Allen C. Alfrey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Dietary phosphorus restriction (PR) prevents uremia in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN). One possible mechanism by which PR could be protective would be through the suppression of parathyroid hormone. To evaluate this possibility two separate protocols were designed. In the first rats were thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) before (n = 11) or 5 wk after (n = 7) NSN induction and compared to sham-operated parathyroid intact rats with NSN (n = 12). At the end of the 23-wk study, intact rats were azotemic, plasma creatinine 3.80±0.81 mg/100 ml vs. 0.65±0.07 for TPTX rats (P < 0.001). During the study 75% of intact rats died of uremia in contrast to none of the TPTX rats (P < 0.001). Renal histological damage was greatly diminished and calcification prevented in TPTX rats. The proteinuria of the heterologous phase was unaffected, but the protein excretion and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) of the autologous phase were markedly decreased in the TPTX rats. The degree of HTG and proteinuria had a high positive correlation (P < 0.001). Late TPTX also produced significant decreases in proteinuria and HTG regardless of the degree of azotemia, and prevented azotemia if the plasma creatinine at the time of TPTX was ≤0.85 mg/100 ml.