tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human C-Reactive Protein Does Not Promote Atherosclerosis in Transgenic Rabbits
Authors: Tomonari Koike, Shuji Kitajima, Ying Yu, Kazutoshi Nishijima, Jifeng Zhang, Yukio Ozaki, Masatoshi Morimoto, Teruo Watanabe, Sucharit Bhakdi, Yujiro Asada, Y. Eugene Chen, Jianglin Fan
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Although there is a statistically significant association between modestly raised baseline plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) values and future cardiovascular events, the debate is still unsettled in regard to whether CRP plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.We generated 2 lines of transgenic (Tg) rabbits expressing human CRP (hCRP). The plasma levels of hCRP in hCRP-Tg-1 and hCRP-Tg-2 rabbits were 0.4+/-0.13 (n=14) and 57.8+/-20.6 mg/L (n=12), respectively. In addition, hCRP isolated from Tg rabbit plasma exhibited the ability to activate the rabbit complement. To define the role of hCRP in atherosclerosis, we compared the susceptibility of hCRP-Tg rabbits to cholesterol-rich diet-induced aortic and coronary atherosclerosis with that of non-Tg rabbits. After being fed with a cholesterol-rich diet for 16 weeks, Tg and non-Tg rabbits developed similar hypercholesterolemia and lesion sizes in both aortic and coronary arteries. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting revealed that hCRP was indeed present in the lesions but did not affect macrophage accumulation and smooth muscle cell proliferation of the lesions.Neither high nor low plasma concentrations of hCRP affected aortic or coronary atherosclerosis lesion formation in hCRP-Tg rabbits.
Two malignant pleural mesotheliomas with unusual histological features.
Authors: B Goldstein
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Morphologically, mesotheliomas may be composed of epithelial and/or sarcomatous elements with various patterns, such as tubular, papillary, tubulopapillary, and diffuse epithelial or mixtures of these. Two cases are descirbed in which, in addition to typical mesothelioma, there was cartilage with foci of calcification and ossificated with the mesothelioma, which suggested that they formed an integral part of the tumour. One of the cases also showed a cuff of cartilage and bone round blood vessels and bronchioles in the lung parenchyma. The patholgenesis could be explained if the mesothelial cell is considered to be totipotent and able to give rise to epithelial and connective tissue elements. Other theories that must be considered are: that there are two separate neoplasms; that there is a circulating substance, perhaps induced by the mesothelioma, which stimulated the cartilage and bone formation; and that the cartilage and bone were due to a previous or associated infection such as tuberculosis. Calcification is also common in asbestotic pleural plaques.
Experience of an intercostal chest drain training course in the Yorkshire and Humber postgraduate deanery
Authors: Georgina Esterbrook, Tim Sutherland, Matthew Callister, James McCreanor, Joe Hogg, Peter Smith, Richard Teoh, Jack Kastelik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  A significant number of deaths and cases of serious harm have been reported as a result of the insertion of seldinger chest drains. Reasons include poor training and inadequate supervision of trainees. We devised a simulation chest drain insertion course to improve competency and reduce adverse events.   Methods:  A half-day course was devised, consisting of a lecture, theory examination, practical simulation session and a competency-based assessment. Emphasis is placed on teaching current guidelines and small group supervised practice on manikins. A certificate of competence is provided for all candidates successfully completing the course. Feedback for each aspect of the course was collected based on 5 point Likert scale.   Results:  Over 18 months, 13 courses took place and 140 feedback forms returned. In over 96% of cases, all aspects were rated as good or very good. The course was praised for the ratio of trainers to candidates, the length of time for practice, the seniority of the trainers and the length of course. A significant number of candidates would recommend the course to a colleague as part of medical training.   Discussion:  In our region, this is the first course dedicated to teaching seldinger chest drain insertion. It successfully employs a variety of different educational methods, and provides a ratio of senior trainers to candidates that facilitates learning. In comparison to other practical skills courses, this course dedicates more time to individual tuition and practice to thoroughly assess safety and competency. We would recommend that the simulation training of chest drain insertion should be available to all trainees in respiratory medicine.
Thalidomide for treatment of severe intestinal bleeding
Authors: J Bauditz
Journal: Gut (2004)

Apart from its anti-inflammatory activity, which has been used for the treatment of active Crohn's disease, thalidomide is also a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. We therefore studied the effect of thalidomide in six patients with severe recurrent intestinal bleeding refractory to standard treatment (three patients with Crohn's disease (CD), three patients with obscure intestinal bleeding; mean of 56 blood transfusions within the last 24 months). Bleeding stopped within two weeks after the start of thalidomide in all patients. Haemoglobin normalised without further transfusions for the whole observation period (mean follow up 33 months) while patients needed a mean of 2.2 (CD) and 3.1 (obscure bleeding) blood units/month in the 12 months before treatment. After three months of thalidomide therapy, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were strongly suppressed compared with pretreatment levels. (CD 818 (82) <i>v</i> 129 (86) pg/ml; obscure bleeding 264 (68) <i>v</i> 50 (25) pg/ml). All six patients reported transient fatigue. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in one patient with CD after nine months and was reversible after lowering the dose to 100 mg daily. These results indicate that thalidomide might be useful for patients with otherwise refractory intestinal bleeding.
Women’s Early Warning Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jean C. McSweeney, Marisue Cody, Patricia O’Sullivan, Karen Elberson, Debra K. Moser, Bonnie J. Garvin
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Data remain sparse on women's prodromal symptoms before acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study describes prodromal and AMI symptoms in women.
Serologic Detection of Human Papillomavirus-Related Anogenital Disease: New Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Joel M. Palefsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Serologic Detection of Human Papillomavirus-Related Anogenital Disease: New Opportunities and Challenges Get access Joel M. Palefsky Joel M. Palefsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 6, 15 March 1995, Pages 401–402, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.6.401 Published: 15 March 1995 Article history Received: 08 February 1995 Accepted: 09 February 1995 Published: 15 March 1995
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of High-Dose Human Regular U-500 Insulin Versus Human Regular U-100 Insulin in Healthy Obese Subjects. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2496–2501
Authors: Amparo de la Peña, Matthew Riddle, Linda A. Morrow, Honghua H. Jiang, Helle Linnebjerg, Adam Scott, Khin M. Win, Marcus Hompesch, Kenneth F. Mace, Jennie G. Jacobson, Jeffrey A. Jackson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)
Models of visual word recognition
Authors: Dennis Norris
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2013)

Reading is a complex process that draws on a remarkable number of diverse perceptual and cognitive processes. In this review, I provide an overview of computational models of reading, focussing on models of visual word recognition-how we recognise individual words. Early computational models had 'toy' lexicons, could simulate only a narrow range of phenomena, and frequently had fundamental limitations, such as being able to handle only four-letter words. The most recent models can use realistic lexicons, can simulate data from a range of tasks, and can process words of different lengths. These models are the driving force behind much of the empirical work on reading. I discuss how the data have guided model development and, importantly, I also provide guidelines to help interpret and evaluate the contribution the models make to our understanding of how we read.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor: from unknown coagulation inhibitor to major antithrombotic principle
Authors: A Lindahl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Time for primary review 20 days.

Acute thrombosis is the major immediate cause of cardiovascular death. The thrombotic process is also a stimulus for developing and continuing the atherosclerotic process. To control thrombus formation has been the aim of scientists during several decades. Exposure of tissue factor (TF) to blood, for instance on rupture of atherosclerotic plaques or on endothelial cell damage, may cause acute obstruction of a vessel due to thrombus formation. Thus, the physiological TF inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), is of interest both pathophysiologically and for its pharmacological potential in inhibiting TF-induced thrombus formation. Exposure of TF to circulating blood starts the coagulation cascade by binding to Factor VII(a) (FVIIa), and the complex of FVIIa and TF activates Factor X (FX) and Factor IX (FIX). TFPI is dependent on some degree of coagulation activation and formation of activated FX (FXa) in order to inhibit the FVIIa/TF complex. Physiologically, TFPI's main role is inhibition of small amounts of tissue factor, and this inhibition is probably essential for maintaining a normal hemostatic balance. It is not known whether total lack of this inhibitor is compatible with life, since no such deficiency has been found. Serial measurements of increasing plasma TFPI during the course of a disease may signal poor prognosis. Heparin accelerates TFPI's inhibitory effect and free TFPI has great heparin affinity. TFPI probably contributes significantly to the anticoagulant properties of the endothelium, and may be particularly important for the outcome of vascular injury. The discovery of the inhibitory principle of TFPI has opened a new arena for pharmacological intervention in the thrombotic process. This may well be a major breakthrough for the control of acute thrombosis in cardiovascular disease. Recombinant TFPI has proved effective in the treatment of experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis and thrombosis. Whether TFPI …
Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Robert Roberts
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

There is almost no data on the genetics of acute coronary syndromes, so this review discusses primarily the 50 genetic risk variants associated with coronary artery disease that are of genome-wide significance in the discovery population and replicated in an independent population. All of these risk variants are extremely common with more than half occurring in >50% of the general population. They increased only minimally the relative risk for coronary artery disease. The most striking finding is that 35 of the 50 risk variants act independently of known risk factors, indicating there are several pathways yet to be appreciated, contributing to the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. All of the genetic variants seem to act through atherosclerosis, except for the ABO blood groups, which show that A and B are associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction, mediated by a prolonged von Willebrand plasma half life leading to thrombosis. The potential molecular mechanisms of 9p21 are discussed, including cell cycle kinase inhibitors. Discovery of risk variants associated with PCSK9 has led to the development of novel treatment for plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A monoclonal antibody inhibiting PCSK9 has already undergone phase I and II clinical trials, showing it is a potent inhibitor of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and is mediated through more rapid removal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the plasma. This therapy complements that of statin therapy, which inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol. The benefits of Mendelian randomization to assess safety and efficacy and their limitations are discussed along with future directions.
Identification of kinase fusion oncogenes in post-Chernobyl radiation-induced thyroid cancers
Authors: Julio C. Ricarte-Filho, Sheng Li, Maria E.R. Garcia-Rendueles, Cristina Montero-Conde, Francesca Voza, Jeffrey A. Knauf, Adriana Heguy, Agnes Viale, Tetyana Bogdanova, Geraldine A. Thomas, Christopher E. Mason, James A. Fagin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Exposure to ionizing radiation during childhood markedly increases the risk of developing papillary thyroid cancer. We examined tissues from 26 Ukrainian patients with thyroid cancer who were younger than 10 years of age and living in contaminated areas during the time of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. We identified nonoverlapping somatic driver mutations in all 26 cases through candidate gene assays and next-generation RNA sequencing. We found that 22 tumors harbored fusion oncogenes that arose primarily through intrachromosomal rearrangements. Altogether, 23 of the oncogenic drivers identified in this cohort aberrantly activate MAPK signaling, including the 2 somatic rearrangements resulting in fusion of transcription factor ETS variant 6 (ETV6) with neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 3 (NTRK3) and fusion of acylglycerol kinase (AGK) with BRAF. Two other tumors harbored distinct fusions leading to overexpression of the nuclear receptor PPARγ. Fusion oncogenes were less prevalent in tumors from a cohort of children with pediatric thyroid cancers that had not been exposed to radiation but were from the same geographical regions. Radiation-induced thyroid cancers provide a paradigm of tumorigenesis driven by fusion oncogenes that activate MAPK signaling or, less frequently, a PPARγ-driven transcriptional program.
The Relationship of Borderline Personality Disorder to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Events
Authors: Julia A. Golier, Rachel Yehuda, Linda M. Bierer, Vivian Mitropoulou, Antonia S. New, James Schmeidler, Jeremy M. Silverman, Larry J. Siever
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the relationship of borderline personality disorder to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with respect to the role of trauma and its timing. METHOD: The Trauma History Questionnaire and the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R were administered to 180 male and female outpatients with a diagnosis of one or more DSM-III-R personality disorders. Path analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between borderline personality disorder and PTSD. RESULTS: High rates of early and lifetime trauma were found for the subject group as a whole. Compared to subjects without borderline personality disorder, subjects with borderline personality disorder had significantly higher rates of childhood/adolescent physical abuse (52.8% versus 34.3%) and were twice as likely to develop PTSD. In the path analysis of the relationship between borderline personality disorder and PTSD, none of the different types of paths (direct path, indirect paths through adulthood traumas, paths sharing the antecedent of childhood abuse) was significant. The associations with both trauma and PTSD were not unique to borderline personality disorder; paranoid personality disorder subjects had an even higher rate of comorbid PTSD than subjects without paranoid personality disorder, as well as elevated rates of physical abuse and assault in childhood/adolescence and adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: The associations of personality disorder with early trauma and PTSD were evident, but modest, in borderline personality disorder and were not unique to this type of personality disorder. The results do not appear substantial or distinct enough to support singling out borderline personality disorder from the other personality disorders as a trauma-spectrum disorder or variant of PTSD.
Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition on angiographic complications during percutaneous coronary intervention in the ESPRIT trial
Authors: James C Blankenship, Gudaye Tasissa, J.Conor O’Shea, Elias A Iliadis, Fouad A Bachour, David J Cohen, Henry K Lui, Tift Mann, Eric Cohen, James E Tcheng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Helicobacter pylori infection and long term proton pump inhibitor therapy
Authors: K E L McColl
Journal: Gut (2003)

Should Helicobacter pylori infection be eradicated in patients requiring long term proton pump inhibitor therapy for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?

Should Helicobacter pylori infection be eradicated in patients requiring maintenance proton pump inhibitor therapy for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease? This question has stimulated heated debate and contention over the past few years. The issue first came to prominence in 1996 when Kuipers et al published their study purporting to demonstrate that omeprazole accelerated the development of corpus atrophic gastritis in H pylori infected subjects.1 This rung alarm bells due to the fact that atrophic gastritis is a well recognised risk factor for gastric cancer in H pylori infected subjects. There was therefore concern that proton pump inhibitor therapy was modifying the inflammatory response to H pylori infection in such a way as to increase the risk of gastric cancer. For this reason, some experts have recommended that H pylori infection should be eradicated prior to long term proton pump inhibitor therapy.2

The original paper by Kuipers et al was widely criticised due to weaknesses in its design,3 and its claim that proton pump inhibitor therapy accelerated atrophy in H pylori infected subjects was not supported by the FDA Gastrointestinal Drugs Advisory Committee.4 In 1999, Lundell et al published a study claiming that proton pump inhibitor therapy did not accelerate the development of corpus atrophy in H pylori infected subjects.5 However, their conclusion was challenged because there was evidence of accelerated development of moderate and severe atrophy in the H pylori infected group on proton pump inhibitor therapy and the size of this effect was similar to that reported by Kuipers and colleagues.6–8 The paper by Kuipers and colleagues9 in the current issue of Gut confuses the issue further as they did not observe any …
THE NOMENCLATURE OF TUBERCULIN DOSES
Authors: J. A. Codd
Journal: BMJ (1913)

case is tuberLculous, a fluctuation of tlho index follows, and, according to the amount of tllc autoinoculation, the negative plhase comes late or early (or is not fouud at all), and is, finially, followed by a positive plhase.The numiber of examinations and their spacing are tiiimed to hiit off, if possible, both negative ancd positive plhase, so tllat the double evidence of disease mnay be obtainicd.rTlie evidence from opsonic examiniiation must be viewved in just pro- portion witlh evidence der-ived fromi otlhler sources.Not too muclh reliance slhould be placed on fluctuations of slighlt extenit, for experimiental error is large, probably 20 per cent., even in tlle imaost comIipetenit lhands.And now I will end my lecture withi a few words of advice on general lines.To begin witlh, I R-ould rendiitd you that plltlhisis is a disease of intermlittent course, that
Increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase serum levels in ankylosing spondylitis and relationship with the inflammatory process
Authors: E Toussirot, G Dumoulin, P Saas, N U. Nguyen, G Le Huede, D Wendling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Osteoporosis is a well described feature of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with vertebral compression fractures and low bone mineral density, mainly at the femoral neck.1–3 Bone remodelling has been previously evaluated in AS: bone resorption markers (crosslinked telopeptide of collagen type I, βCTX-I) were found to be increased in some studies,4 5 but not all,3 while divergent results were obtained for bone formation markers (normal or decreased osteocalcin levels, normal or elevated bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP)).1 Bone metabolism may also be evaluated by means of a new marker, namely isoform 5b of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP5b) which is a specific …
Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity With Risks of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in Men
Authors: Duck-chul Lee, Xuemei Sui, Timothy S. Church, I.-Min Lee, Steven N. Blair
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter fitness) and various obesity measures with risks of incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes.This was a prospective cohort study of 14,006 men (7,795 for the analyses of IFG), who did not have an abnormal electrocardiogram or a history of heart attack, stroke, cancer, or diabetes.Of the men, 3,612 (39,610 person-years) and 477 (101,419 person-years) developed IFG and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Compared with the least fit 20% in multivariate analyses, IFG and type 2 diabetes risks in the most fit 20% were 14 and 52% lower, respectively (both P < 0.001). Men with BMI > or =30.0 kg/m2, waist girth >102.0 cm, or percent body fat > or =25 had 2.7-, 1.9-, and 1.3-fold higher risks for type 2 diabetes, respectively, compared with those for nonobese men (all P < 0.01), and the results for IFG were similar. In the combined analyses, obese unfit (least fit 20%) men had a 5.7-fold higher risk for type 2 diabetes compared with normal-weight fit (most fit 80%) men. We observed similar trends for the joint associations of BMI and fitness with IFG and those of waist girth or percent body fat and fitness with both IFG and type 2 diabetes.Low fitness and obesity increased the risks of IFG and type 2 diabetes by approximately similar magnitudes. When considered simultaneously, fitness attenuated but did not eliminate the increased risks of IFG and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity, and the highest risk was found in obese and unfit men.
Factor XII inhibition reduces thrombus formation in a primate thrombosis model
Authors: Anton Matafonov, Philberta Y. Leung, Adam E. Gailani, Stephanie L. Grach, Cristina Puy, Qiufang Cheng, Mao-fu Sun, Owen J. T. McCarty, Erik I. Tucker, Hiroaki Kataoka, Thomas Renné, James H. Morrissey, Andras Gruber, David Gailani
Journal: Blood (2014)