tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between a history of periodontitis and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide, population-based, case–control study
Authors: Hsin-Hua Chen, Nicole Huang, Yi-Ming Chen, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Pesus Chou, Ya-Ling Lee, Yiing-Jenq Chou, Joung-Liang Lan, Kuo-Lung Lai, Ching-Heng Lin, Der-Yuan Chen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Objective To investigate the association between the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a history of periodontitis. Methods This nationwide, population-based, case–control study used administrative data to identify 13 779 newly diagnosed patients with RA (age ≥16 years) as the study group and 137 790 non-patients with RA matched for age, sex, and initial diagnosis date (index date) as controls. Using conditional logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounders, including geographical region and a history of diabetes and Sjögren's syndrome, ORs with 95% CI were calculated to quantify the association between RA and periodontitis. To evaluate the effects of periodontitis severity and the lag time since the last periodontitis visit on RA development, ORs were calculated for subgroups of patients with periodontitis according to the number of visits, cumulative cost, periodontal surgery and time interval between the last periodontitis-related visit and the index date. Results An association was found between a history of periodontitis and newly diagnosed RA (OR=1.16; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.21). The strength of this association remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders (OR=1.16; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.20), and after variation of periodontitis definitions. The association was dose- and time-dependent and was strongest when the interval between the last periodontitis-related visit and the index date was &lt;3 months (OR=1.64; 95% CI 1.49 to 1.79). Conclusions This study demonstrates an association between periodontitis and incident RA. This association is weak and limited to lack of individual smoking status.
Identification of HLA-A2–Restricted T-Cell Epitopes Derived From the MUC1 Tumor Antigen for Broadly Applicable Vaccine Therapies
Authors: Peter Brossart, Kathrin S. Heinrich, Gernot Stuhler, Lars Behnke, Volker L. Reichardt, Stefan Stevanovic, Alexandra Muhm, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Lothar Kanz, Wolfram Brugger
Journal: Blood (1999)
Laryngeal Hypersensitivity in the World Trade Center–exposed Population
Authors: Daniel McCabe, Kenneth W. Altman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Upper airway symptoms among responders to the terrorist attack on 9/11 are progressive and multifactorial. For those symptoms that are laryngeal in origin, we are using a multidisciplinary approach that includes respiratory retraining and laryngeal desensitization through a speech pathologist trained in airway disorders. Our treatment paradigm and laryngeal hypersensitivity are discussed in this essay.
Angiotensin II receptor blockade limits glomerular injury in rats with reduced renal mass.
Authors: R A Lafayette, G Mayer, S K Park, T W Meyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The effects of angiotensin II (AII) blockade were compared with the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in rats with reduced nephron number. Rats were subjected to five-sixths renal ablation and divided into four groups with similar values for blood pressure and serum creatinine after 2 wk. Group 1 then served as untreated controls, while group 2 received the AII receptor antagonist MK954 (which has previously been designated DuP753), group 3 received the converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril, and group 4 received a combination of reserpine, hydralazine, and hydrochlorothiazide. Micropuncture and morphologic studies were performed 10 wk later. Converting enzyme inhibition, AII receptor blockade, and the combination regimen were equally effective in reversing systemic hypertension (time-averaged systolic blood pressure: group 1, 185 +/- 5 mmHg; group 2, 125 +/- 2 mmHg; group 3, 127 +/- 2 mmHg; group 4, 117 +/- 4 mmHg). Micropuncture studies showed that glomerular transcapillary pressure was reduced significantly by converting enzyme inhibition and by AII blockade but not by the combination regimen (delta P: group 1, 49 +/- 1 mmHg; group 2, 42 +/- 1 mmHg; group 3, 40 +/- 2 mmHg, group 4, 47 +/- 1 mmHg). Reduction of systemic blood pressure was associated with the development of markedly less proteinuria and segmental glomerular sclerosis in rats receiving enalapril and MK954 but not in rats receiving the combination regimen (prevalence of glomerular sclerotic lesions: group 1, 41 +/- 4%; group 2, 9 +/- 1%; group 3, 9 +/- 1%; group 4, 33 +/- 6%). These results indicate that the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on remnant glomerular function and structure depend on reduction in AII activity and are not attributable simply to normalization of systemic blood pressure.
Novel strategy to identify genetic risk factors for COPD severity: a genetic isolate
Authors: C. C. van Diemen, D. S. Postma, Y. S. Aulchenko, P. J. L. M. Snijders, B. A. Oostra, C. M. van Duijn, H. M. Boezen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Studies using genetic isolates with limited genetic variation may be useful in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) genetics, but are thus far lacking. The associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes and lung function in COPD were studied in a genetic isolate. In 91 subjects with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage ≥1 COPD, who were members of an extended pedigree including 6,175 people from the Genetic Research in Isolated Populations study, 32 SNPs were analysed in 13 candidate genes: a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 33 gene ( ADAM33 ), transforming growth factor-β1 gene ( TGFB1 ), matrix metalloprotease-1 gene ( MMP1 ), MMP2 , MMP9 , MMP12 , tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 gene ( TIMP1 ), surfactant protein A1 gene ( SFTPA1 ), SFTPA2 , SFTPB , SFTPD , glutathione S-transferase P1 gene ( GSTP1 ), and haem oxygenase 1 gene ( HMOX1 ). Their relation to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) and FEV 1 /IVC were studied using restricted maximum likelihood linear mixed modelling, accounting for pedigree structure. Significant associations were replicated in the general Vlagtwedde/Vlaardingen study. Six SNPs in TGFB1 , SFTPA1 , SFTPA2 and SFTPD were significantly associated with FEV 1 /IVC in subjects with GOLD stage ≥1 COPD. Two SNPs in TGFB1 (C to T substitution at nucleotide -509 and substitution of leucine 10 with proline (Leu10Pro)), Leu50Val in SFTPA1 and Ala160Thr in SFTPD showed evidence suggestive of association with FEV 1 /IVC in subjects with GOLD stage ≥2 COPD. The TGFB1 associations were replicated in GOLD stage ≥2 patients from the Vlagtwedde/Vlaardingen population, with similar effect sizes. It was shown that a genetic isolate can be used to determine the genetics of lung function, which can be replicated in COPD patients from an independent population.
Intensive immunosuppression versus prednisolone in the treatment of connective tissue diseases.
Authors: P Hollingworth, A de Vere Tyndall, B M Ansell, T Platts-Mills, J M Gumpel, J Mertin, D S Smith, A M Denman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Intensive immunosuppression (IIS) was compared with prednisolone alone over a 2-year period in the treatment of severe connective tissue diseases. IIS consisted of 15 daily infusions of 750 mg antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg/day, and prednisolone reducing from 150 mg, followed by maintenance azathioprine and prednisolone. The initial dose for prednisolone by itself was 60 mg and patients not responding to this regimen over a minimum of one month were then given IIS. Forty-one patients with life-threatening or severely disabling polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM), or systemic lupus erythematosus received one or other treatment. All 11 patients who received IIS for PAN remitted. Ten of these had renal impairment which was reversed or halted with IIS, and in 6 of these renal function had been deteriorating with prednisolone alone. One patient died of pneumonia in renal failure 9 months later but with PAN in remission. Two further patients, neither having renal involvement, achieved remission with prednisolone alone. Early cytotoxic treatment would seem to be indicated in PAN when there is renal involvement. Two patients with DM entered remission or prednisolone alone. The remaining 12, of whom 5 had failed steroid therapy, received IIS. Improvement or halting of deterioration was achieved in all 12 with best results in those without marked muscle wasting consequent to disease of long duration. The results suggest that IIS may be a useful adjunct in those patients failing to respond to prednisolone. IIS seemed no more effective than prednisolone alone in the treatment of the 14 patients with SLE and in particular lupus nephritis. Flares in disease activity were common in both groups and appeared to be related to prednisolone dosage. IIS was generally well tolerated, though infection occurred in 2 patients. Vertebral collapse or osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurred in 3 patients following IIS, all of whom had been previously receiving prednisolone for long periods.
SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX IN THE COURSE OF INFLUENZAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: F. P. Weber
Journal: BMJ (1919)

from patients wlho walked into my surgery complaining of " induenza " anid not apparently very ill.All the swabs were examnined for tue at one of two recognized pathological laboratories.The followina are shiort notes on a few selected cases: Case 1.-A child about two years old was brought by its mother.It was pale, listless, and evidently seriously ill.No physical signs could be found in the chest or throat.A swab taken from the nose was found to be positive for diphtheria.Case 2.-A Roval Marine who came to my surgery said he was suffering from " flu."I took a swab from his nose and told him to come to me againi the next dav.He did not return, but the swab was found to be positive.A few days later I receiveed an urgent letter from his C.O. saying that the man had returned to duty and had related what had happened, and I gave particulars as requested, but so far nothing more has been communicated to me on the subiect.Case 3.-A soldier oln leave, seen in bed, complained of head- ache anid nose bleedinig.There was considerable pyrexia.The throat was red, but there were no physical signs in the chest.A swab was taken from the nose.After a day or two dullness and fine crepitations were found at the left base, and a positive report was returnled by the pathologist with regard to the swab.The sputum was rusty and was found to contain Klebs-Loeffler bacilli.Case 4.-A soldier complained of pain in back and legs and cough.There was a mitral systolic murmur and the heart was somewhat dilated.He had an up and down temperature (maximum about 1020) for a few days.A swab taken from the nose was found to contain diphtheria bacilli.Case 5.-A soldier, who had been gassed, complained of sore eyes and throat; the tongue was furred and the breath foul.He was pale and very ill.He had an up and down temperature (maximum about 1030), and in a few days began to develop phlebitis in the left leg.A swab taken frQm the nose was found to contain llebs-Loeffler bacilli.Case 6.-A soldier, who had been gassed and was suffering from ophthalmia, had pyrexia reachiing 1040.A swab was taken from the nose and diphtheria bacilli found.Case 7.-A soldier, complaining of inifluenza, had a mitral systolic murmur.There were a few rfles ill the lungs, and he expectorated rusty sputum.There was moderate pyrexia which subsided after a few days.A swab was taken from the nose and diphtheria bacilli founld.Case 8.-A man, whose illness had been diagnosed influenza complained of sore throat.A swab taken was fouLud to contain B13.dillhlther-iae.
Effects of Carotid Sinus Nerve Stimulation on Blood-Flow Distribution in Conscious Dogs at Rest and during Exercise
Authors: Stephen F. Vatner, Dean Franklin, Robert L. Van Citters, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The effects of stimulating the carotid sinus nerves on the distribution of cardiac output and peripheral vasoactivity was studied in intact, unanesthetized dogs instrumented with ultrasonic or electromagnetic flow probes on the ascending aorta, mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries, and miniature pressure gauges in the aorta. A radiofrequency pacemaker was used to stimulate the nerves in dogs at rest, during treadmill exercise, and after autonomic blockade. Thirty-second periods of stimulation in the resting dog resulted in an average decrease in aortic pressure of 28%, cardiac output remained unchanged, total peripheral resistance fell 29%, mesenteric flow 12%, mesenteric vascular resistance 18%, renal flow 8%, and renal vascular resistance 22%. In the iliac bed flow increased by 90% while resistance declined by 62%. Heart rate decreased initially by 13%, and returned to control during stimulation. The bradycardia was determined to be predominantly due to vagal stimulation. During treadmill exercise carotid sinus nerve stimulation resulted in similar decreases in arterial pressure, mesenteric and renal resistance, and a further decrease in iliac resistance from exercise control values. Thus, electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves in the conscious dog produced a differential pattern of peripheral vasodilatation, the most profound dilatation being observed in the hind-limb circulation. This release of sympathetic tone also occurred during stimulation in exercising animals when the muscular bed was already dilated on a metabolic basis.
Thiazide Diuretics Exacerbate Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sirirat Reungjui, Carlos A. Roncal, Wei Mu, Titte R. Srinivas, Dhavee Sirivongs, Richard J. Johnson, Takahiko Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Fructose is a commonly used sweetener associated with diets that increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Thiazide diuretics are frequently used in these patients for treatment of hypertension, but they also exacerbate metabolic syndrome. Rats on high-fructose diets that are given thiazides exhibit potassium depletion and hyperuricemia. Potassium supplementation improves their insulin resistance and hypertension, whereas allopurinol reduces serum levels of uric acid and ameliorates hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Both potassium supplementation and treatment with allopurinol also increase urinary nitric oxide excretion. We suggest that potassium depletion and hyperuricemia in rats exacerbates endothelial dysfunction and lowers the bioavailability of nitric oxide, which blocks insulin activity and causes insulin resistance during thiazide usage. Addition of potassium supplements and allopurinol with thiazides might be helpful in the management of metabolic syndrome.
A BAFF/APRIL-dependent TLR3-stimulated pathway enhances the capacity of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts to induce AID expression and Ig class-switching in B cells
Authors: Michele Bombardieri, Ngar-Woon Kam, Fabia Brentano, Ken Choi, Andrew Filer, Diego Kyburz, Iain B McInnes, Steffen Gay, Christopher Buckley, Costantino Pitzalis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objectives To dissect the role of toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling and B cell survival/proliferating factors in the crosstalk between rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) and B cells. Methods RASF, rheumatoid arthritis dermal fibroblasts (RADF) and osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASF) were analysed for the expression of B cell survival/proliferating factors BAFF and APRIL in resting conditions and upon stimulation with TLR2/TLR3/TLR4 ligands. Unswitched IgD+ B cells were co-cultured with RASF/OASF/RADF in the presence/absence of TLR ligands and with/without BAFF/APRIL blocking antibodies. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mRNA expression, Iγ-Cμ and Iα-Cμ circular transcripts (CTs; markers of ongoing class-switching to IgG and IgA) and IgM/A/G production were measured to assess functional activation of B cells. Results TLR3 and to a lesser extent TLR4, but not TLR2 stimulation, induced up to ∼1000-fold BAFF mRNA and increased soluble BAFF release. APRIL was less significantly regulated by TLR3. Resting and TLR3-stimulated RASF released higher levels of BAFF/APRIL compared with RADF. TLR3 stimulation of RASF but not RADF in co-culture with B cells strongly enhanced AID expression, Iγ-Cμ and Iα-Cμ CTs and class-switching to IgG/IgA. Blockade of BAFF/APRIL signalling completely inhibited TLR3-induced, RASF-dependent expression of AID, CTs and the secretion of IgG/IgA. Conclusions RASF produce high levels of BAFF and APRIL constitutively and in response to TLR3 stimulation. These factors are critical in directly modulating AID expression, class-switch recombination and IgG/IgA production in IgD+ B cells. Overall, this work highlights a novel and fundamental role for the TLR3/B cell survival factor axis in sustaining B cell activation in the rheumatoid arthritis synovium.
INJURIES TO THE BOWEL FROM SHELL AND BULLET WOUNDS
Authors: P. L. Mummery
Journal: BMJ (1914)

injury.In two cases we have seen it well marked within thirty-six lhours, and in several otlhers already extensive on the tlhird and fourth day.Several patients hiave died of it on tlle third (lay follow- ing that of the injury, and in othier patients it lhas pro- gressed so far that amputation has been performed on tllc third day.OOnset.This is characterized by swellitg of the inju-ed part, and ihe gangrene seemiis especially liable to occtur in con- nexion witlh that swelling of a limb wllich is due to
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: S Braude, H Kennedy, M Hodson, J Batten
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Seven adult patients with cystic fibrosis who had radiological evidence of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy were reviewed. In five of the patients symptoms were particularly pronounced at times of acute infective exacerbations; appropriate treatment of the infective episodes resulted in reduction or resolution of the bone pain and joint effusions. Despite this symptomatic relief periosteal changes persisted radiologically and their chronic nature was indicated by changes in the midshafts of long bones. Four of the seven patients had transient gynaecomastia or mastalgia related to infective exacerbations. It is hypothesised that a neuroendocrine mechanism--namely, release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide--might account for the osteoarthropathy.
Positive Psychology in Clinical Practice
Authors: Angela Lee Duckworth, Tracy A. Steen, Martin E.P. Seligman
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2004)

Positive psychology is the scientific study of positive experiences and positive individual traits, and the institutions that facilitate their development. A field concerned with well-being and optimal functioning, positive psychology aims to broaden the focus of clinical psychology beyond suffering and its direct alleviation. Our proposed conceptual framework parses happiness into three domains: pleasure, engagement, and meaning. For each of these constructs, there are now valid and practical assessment tools appropriate for the clinical setting. Additionally, mounting evidence demonstrates the efficacy and effectiveness of positive interventions aimed at cultivating pleasure, engagement, and meaning. We contend that positive interventions are justifiable in their own right. Positive interventions may also usefully supplement direct attempts to prevent and treat psychopathology and, indeed, may covertly be a central component of good psychotherapy as it is done now.
Resistance of contracting myocardium to swelling with hypoxia and glycolytic blockade
Authors: M. B. PINE, J. B. CAULFIELD, O. H. L. BING, W. W. BROOKS, W. H. ABELMANN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

The interrelationship of myocardial metabolism, performance and tissue hydration was examined in isolated contracting rat, guinea pig and dog myocardium. Myocardial metabolism was altered by blocking aerobic, and both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Myocardial water content and distribution were measured in rat myocardium using 3H-inulin and 51Cr-EDTA as extracellular markers. Myocardial hydration was also evaluated by light and electron microscopy. The relative susceptibility of non-contracting slices of rat and guinea pig myocardium and kidney to swelling secondary to these interventions was also explored. Hypoxia resulted in a partially reversible reduc- tion in mechanical function; hypoxia plus glycolytic blockade led to irreversible severe contracture and total loss of tension development. Neither hypoxia nor hypoxia plus glycolytic blockade resulted in increased total tissue or extracellular water in previously contracting preparations or in non-contracting slices of myocardium. On the other hand, there were significant increases in cellular water in similarly treated kidney slices after each intervention. Thus, despite severe, irreversible derangements of mechanical function, myocardium did not swell under conditions which produced swelling in renal cortex.
Contrasting chromatin organization of CpG islands and exons in the human genome
Authors: Jung Kyoon Choi
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

CpG islands and nucleosome-free regions are both found in promoters. However, their association has never been studied. On the other hand, DNA methylation is absent in promoters but is enriched in gene bodies. Intragenic nucleosomes and their modifications have been recently associated with RNA splicing. Because the function of intragenic DNA methylation remains unclear, I explored the possibility of its involvement in splicing regulation.Here I show that CpG islands were associated not only with methylation-free promoters but also with nucleosome-free promoters. Nucleosome-free regions were observed only in promoters containing a CpG island. However, the DNA sequences of CpG islands predicted the opposite pattern, implying a limitation of sequence programs for the determination of nucleosome occupancy. In contrast to the methylation-and nucleosome-free states of CpG-island promoters, exons were densely methylated at CpGs and packaged into nucleosomes. Exon-enrichment of DNA methylation was specifically found in spliced exons and in exons with weak splice sites. The enrichment patterns were less pronounced in initial exons and in non-coding exons, potentially reflecting a lower need for their splicing. I also found that nucleosomes, DNA methylation, and H3K36me3 marked the exons of transcripts with low, medium, and high gene expression levels, respectively.Human promoters containing a CpG island tend to remain nucleosome-free as well as methylation-free. In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation and nucleosome occupancy. Exonic DNA methylation seems to function together with exonic nucleosomes and H3K36me3 for the proper splicing of transcripts with different expression levels.