tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DELINQUENTS IN THE ARMY
Authors: ALEXANDER J. N. SCHNEIDER, CYRUS W. LAGRONE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

There are a number of selective factors which have operated in determining the group character of the army delinquents with which the present investigation deals. Some of these selective factors have been mentioned; others are easily inferred. Within the limits of the group studied, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. The majority of army delinquents were delinquent prior to entering the army. In about three-fourths of the cases, delinquency in the army seems to be either a continuation of prior delinquent patterns or to arise from predisposing conditions within the person which are simply evoked while in the army. 2. Approximately one-fourth of the group had not been in trouble prior to entering the army and their histories showed no indication that would point toward subsequent delinquency. 3. Most army delinquents are sent to the rehabilitation center for offenses of a military nature; and the military offense in which there is the greatest recidivism is AWOL. 4. Most army delinquents did not receive a promotion while in the army. 5. The rate of delinquency among members of the Regular Army and among men who volunteered appears to be higher than among men inducted through Selective Service. 6. Most army delinquents, though they became involved in misconduct in the first six months of service, had accumulated a total of one year or more "good time" in the army prior to being sent to the rehabilitation center. 7. The majority of army delinquents come from homes broken either by death, separation or divorce. 8. The family and social background of most army delinquents shows numerous disorganizing influences on the individual's development. Conditions such as alcoholism, arrests, mental disorders, quarreling, unsteady employment, and poverty prevail with high frequency. 9. In the majority of army delinquents, neither parent nor parent-substitute went beyond the eighth grade in school. 10. The school adjustment of most army delinquents was poor. More than one-half did not complete the ninth grade; about one-half failed one or more grades, and approximately one-third were either truant or were disciplinary problems. 11. The majority of army delinquents are below average in intelligence. 12. Most army delinquents had begun working before they were 17 years old, and over one-half were either common or farm laborers. 13. The majority of army delinquents grew up in either rural communities or in towns of less than 25,000 population. 14. About one-half of the army delinquents have never been married. 15. Most army delinquents exhibited one or more rather serious emotional disorders as a child or adolescent. 16. Alcoholism and tattooing appear among army delinquents with high frequency. 17. From a psychiatric viewpoint, the majority of army delinquents exhibit definite disorders of personality.
Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Clare L Gillies, Keith R Abrams, Paul C Lambert, Nicola J Cooper, Alex J Sutton, Ron T Hsu, Kamlesh Khunti
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To quantify the effectiveness of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library searched up to July 2006. Expert opinions sought and reference lists of identified studies and any relevant published reviews checked. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised controlled trials that evaluated interventions to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. <b>Results</b> 21 trials met the inclusion criteria, of which 17, with 8084 participants with impaired glucose tolerance, reported results in enough detail for inclusion in the meta-analyses. From the meta-analyses the pooled hazard ratios were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.60) for lifestyle interventions <i>v</i> standard advice, 0.70 (0.62 to 0.79) for oral diabetes drugs <i>v</i> control, 0.44 (0.28 to 0.69) for orlistat <i>v</i> control, and 0.32 (0.03 to 3.07) for the herbal remedy jiangtang bushen recipe <i>v</i> standard diabetes advice. These correspond to numbers needed to treat for benefit (NNTB) and harm (NNTH) of 6.4 for lifestyle (95% credible interval, NNTB 5.0 to NNTB 8.4), 10.8 for oral diabetes drugs (NNTB 8.1 to NNTB 15.0), 5.4 for orlistat (NNTB 4.1 to NNTB 7.6), and 4.0 for jiangtang bushen (NNTH 16.9 to NNTB 24.8). <b>Conclusions</b> Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions reduce the rate of progression to type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. Lifestyle interventions seem to be at least as effective as drug treatment.
Increased Oxidative Damage to Peripheral Blood Leukocyte DNA in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Der-Cherng Tarng, Tzen Wen Chen, Tung-Po Huang, Chiu-Lan Chen, Tsung-Yun Liu, Yau-Huei Wei
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

This study focuses on the extent of oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes of chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) patients. 8-Hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents in peripheral leukocyte DNA were measured by an HPLC-electrochemical detection method in 24 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, 22 nondialyzed patients with advanced renal failure, and 42 CPD patients. Mean 8-OHdG content was the highest in CPD patients, followed by the nondialyzed patients, and then by the healthy subjects (19.4 versus 11.9 versus 8.3/10(6) dG; ANOVA P < 0.001). In nondialyzed subjects, peripheral leukocyte 8-OHdG contents inversely correlated with renal creatinine clearance (r = -0.772; P < 0.001). Deficiency of blood antioxidants in CPD and nondialyzed patients was expressed by the lower plasma levels of ascorbate, cholesterol-standardized alpha-tocopherol and whole-blood reduced glutathione, and the higher levels of whole-blood oxidized glutathione as compared with healthy subjects (ANOVA P < 0.05). Mean serum ferritin and iron levels and transferrin saturation were higher in the CPD patients than those in the nondialyzed patients and controls (ANOVA P < 0.05). Flow cytometric analyses of intracellular reactive oxygen species production of peripheral leukocytes showed that spontaneous production by granulocytes, as well as phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced production by granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes, were the highest from CPD patients, followed by nondialyzed patients, and then by the healthy subjects (ANOVA P < 0.05). Forward stepwise multiple regression disclosed that uremia, PD treatment, spontaneous and PMA-induced reactive oxygen species production in leukocytes, and serum iron were the independent determinants of peripheral leukocyte 8-OHdG content (R(2) = 0.769; P < 0.001). In conclusion, profound increased 8-OHdG levels in peripheral leukocyte DNA occur in the course of chronic renal failure, gradually increase with its progression, and are further exacerbated by PD treatment.
Phase III Comparison of Doxorubicin and Dacarbazine Given by Bolus Versus Infusion in Patients With Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Southwest Oncology Group Study
Authors: M. Zalupski, B. Metch, S. Balcerzak, W. S. Fletcher, R. Chapman, J. D. Bonnet, G. R. Weiss, J. Ryan, R. S. Benjamin, L. H. Baker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Phase III Comparison of Doxorubicin and Dacarbazine Given by Bolus Versus Infusion in Patients With Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Southwest Oncology Group Study Get access Mark Zalupski, Mark Zalupski * 1Wayne State University Medical CenterDetroit, Mich. * Correspondence to: Mark Zalupski, M.D., Division of Hematology/Oncol-ogy, Wayne State University, P.O. Box 02188, Detroit, MI 48202. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara Metch, Barbara Metch 2Southwest Oncology Group Statistical CenterSeattle, Wash. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stanley Balcerzak, Stanley Balcerzak 3Ohio State University Health CenterColumbus, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William S. Fletcher, William S. Fletcher 4Oregon Health Sciences UniversityPortland, Ore. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Chapman, Robert Chapman 5Henry Ford HospitalDetroit, Mich. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John D. Bonnet, John D. Bonnet 6Scott and White ClinicTemple, Tex. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Geoffrey R. Weiss, Geoffrey R. Weiss 7University of Texas Health Science CenterSan Antonio, Tex. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James Ryan, James Ryan 8Wayne State University Medical CenterDetroit, Mich. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert S. Benjamin, Robert S. Benjamin 9The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Tex. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laurence H. Baker Laurence H. Baker 10Wayne State University Medical CenterDetroit, Mich. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 13, 3 July 1991, Pages 926–932, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.13.926 Published: 03 July 1991 Article history Received: 29 January 1991 Revision received: 28 March 1991 Accepted: 04 April 1991 Published: 03 July 1991
The influence of angiotensin II-induced increase in aortic wall mass on compliance in rats in vivo
Authors: Debbie L Brouwers-Ceiler, H.J.Marjorie G Nelissen-Vrancken, Jos F.M Smits, Jo G.R De Mey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: This study was undertaken to examine the effects of angiotensin II-induced structural changes in the aortic wall on the dynamic mechanical properties of the vessel in the rat. Methods: Wistar rats were infused s.c. with 250 ng/kg/min angiotensin II (Ang II) for 14 days (ANG). Both ANG and control rats (CON) were equipped with an arterial catheter for measurement of arterial blood pressure. Thoracic aorta diameter, compliance coefficient (CC), and distensibility coefficient (DC) were determined non-invasively in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals using a B-mode imager attached to a vessel wall tracking system. After sacrifice, medial cross-sectional area (CSA), and elastin and collagen densities were determined by morphometry on cross-sections. Media thickness (Mt) and wall-to-lumen ratio (W/L) were subsequently calculated. Results: Ang II infusion significantly increased mean arterial blood pressure in conscious rats (122±3 mmHg CON vs. 157±4 mmHg ANG). This was normalized when the rats were anesthetized, thus making it possible to determine CC and DC under isobaric conditions where the diastolic diameters were also similar. Two-week infusion of Ang II induced a significant increase in CSA from 0.48±0.02 mm2 in CON to 0.61±0.03 mm2. Mt and W/L were likewise increased, but collagen and elastin densities remained unchanged. CC and DC were not effected by this increase in aortic wall mass (CC: 0.143±0.009 CON, 0.147±0.014 mm2/kPa ANG; DC: 0.052±0.005 CON, 0.051±0.004 kPa−1 ANG). Conclusions: An increase in aortic wall mass resulting from chronic infusion of angiotensin II does not alter the dynamic compliance of the vessel under isobaric conditions.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of Jak2–Stat5 Signaling By Jak2 Inhibitor AZD1480 Potently Suppresses Growth of Both Primary and Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lei Gu, Zhiyong Liao, David T. Hoang, Ayush Dagvadorj, Shilpa Gupta, Shauna Blackmon, Elyse Ellsworth, Pooja Talati, Benjamin Leiby, Michael Zinda, Costas D. Lallas, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Peter McCue, Leonard Gomella, Dennis Huszar, Marja T. Nevalainen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Progression of prostate cancer to the lethal castrate-resistant stage coincides with loss of responsiveness to androgen deprivation and requires development of novel therapies. We previously provided proof-of-concept that Stat5a/b is a therapeutic target protein for prostate cancer. Here, we show that pharmacologic targeting of Jak2-dependent Stat5a/b signaling by the Jak2 inhibitor AZD1480 blocks castrate-resistant growth of prostate cancer.Efficacy of AZD1480 in disrupting Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling and decreasing prostate cancer cell viability was evaluated in prostate cancer cells. A unique prostate cancer xenograft mouse model (CWR22Pc), which mimics prostate cancer clinical progression in patients, was used to assess in vivo responsiveness of primary and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to AZD1480. Patient-derived clinical prostate cancers, grown ex vivo in organ explant cultures, were tested for responsiveness to AZD1480.AZD1480 robustly inhibited Stat5a/b phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity in prostate cancer cells. AZD1480 reduced prostate cancer cell viability sustained by Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling through induction of apoptosis, which was rescued by constitutively active Stat5a/b. In mice, pharmacologic targeting of Stat5a/b by AZD1480 potently blocked growth of primary androgen-dependent as well as recurrent castrate-resistant CWR22Pc xenograft tumors, and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice versus vehicle or docetaxel-treated mice. Finally, nine of 12 clinical prostate cancers responded to AZD1480 by extensive apoptotic epithelial cell loss, concurrent with reduced levels of nuclear Stat5a/b.We report the first evidence for efficacy of pharmacologic targeting of Stat5a/b as a strategy to inhibit castrate-resistant growth of prostate cancer, supporting further clinical development of Stat5a/b inhibitors as therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
High Choline Concentrations in the Caudate Nucleus in Antipsychotic-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Juan R. Bustillo, Laura M. Rowland, John Lauriello, Helen Petropoulos, Roger Hammond, Blaine Hart, William M. Brooks
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies of medicated patients with schizophrenia suggest high choline levels in the caudate nucleus. However, assessments of antipsychotic-naive patients are needed. METHOD: The authors studied 11 antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients and 11 normal comparison subjects with single-voxel 1H-MRS of the left caudate nucleus. Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, choline, and creatine were determined and corrected for the proportion of cerebrospinal fluid in the voxel. RESULTS: The patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher levels of choline than the comparison subjects, while the other two metabolites did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: High caudate choline levels in schizophrenia are not secondary to antipsychotic treatment.
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery Does Not Improve Diaphragmatic Contractile Properties or Atrophy in Hamsters with Elastase-induced Emphysema
Authors: ERIC MARCHAND, PAUL DE LEYN, GHISLAINE GAYAN-RAMIREZ, FRANTISEK PALECEK, VERA de BOCK, RENÉ DOM, MARC DECRAMER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

It is claimed that lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) improves inspiratory muscle function. As diaphragm structure and function are not directly appraisable in patients, we studied the effects of LVRS on the diaphragm in vitro contractile properties and morphology in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema. Four months after intratracheal instillation of elastase (40 U/100 g), hamsters underwent either bilateral LVRS (LVRS, n = 11) or a sham operation (SHAM, n = 8). Four animals died during the perioperative period in LVRS (n = 7). Hamsters instilled with saline served as control (CTL, n = 8). Animals were studied at the age of 9 mo. LVRS was associated with a significant 25% decrease in functional residual capacity compared to SHAM (p < 0.05). Compared with CTL, LVRS and SHAM showed a significant 18% and 14% reduction in diaphragm mass, respectively (p = 0.02). LVRS had a significantly decreased twitch tension compared to CTL and SHAM (p < 0.01). Both LVRS and SHAM showed increased resistance to muscle fatigue compared with CTL. The histochemical analysis revealed a significant shift from type IIx/b toward type IIa fibers in LVRS and SHAM compared with CTL. In conclusion, emphysema is associated with functional adaptations but LVRS does not appear to beneficially alter the diaphragm contractile and morphological characteristics in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema.
Phosphate May Promote CKD Progression and Attenuate Renoprotective Effect of ACE Inhibition
Authors: Carmine Zoccali, Piero Ruggenenti, Annalisa Perna, Daniela Leonardis, Rocco Tripepi, Giovanni Tripepi, Francesca Mallamaci, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Phosphate may promote the onset and progression of chronic nephropathies. Here we evaluated the relationships between baseline serum phosphate levels, disease progression, and response to ACE inhibition in 331 patients with proteinuric nephropathies in the prospective Ramipril Efficacy In Nephropathy (REIN) trial. Independent of treatment, patients with phosphate levels in the highest two quartiles progressed significantly faster either to ESRD or to a composite endpoint of doubling of serum creatinine or ESRD compared with patients with phosphate levels below the median (P < 0.001). Results were similar when we analyzed phosphate as a continuous variable (P ≤ 0.004). The renoprotective effect of ramipril decreased as serum phosphate increased (P ≤ 0.008 for interaction); this modification of the treatment effect by phosphate persisted despite adjusting for potential confounders such as GFR and urinary protein. In summary, these data suggest that phosphate is an independent risk factor for progression of renal disease among patients with proteinuric CKD, and high levels of phosphate may even attenuate the renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitors. Future trials should test whether reducing serum phosphate improves renal outcomes and optimizes the renoprotective effect of ACE inhibition.
Gene Expression Profiling for Molecular Characterization of Inflammatory Breast Cancer and Prediction of Response to Chemotherapy
Authors: François Bertucci, Pascal Finetti, Jacques Rougemont, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Valéry Nasser, Béatrice Loriod, Jacques Camerlo, Rebecca Tagett, Carole Tarpin, Gilles Houvenaeghel, Catherine Nguyen, Dominique Maraninchi, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Rémi Houlgatte, Daniel Birnbaum, Patrice Viens
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer with a 5-year survival limited to ∼40%. Diagnosis, based on clinical and/or pathological criteria, may be difficult. Optimal systemic neoadjuvant therapy and accurate predictors of pathological response have yet to be defined for increasing response rate and survival. Using DNA microarrrays containing ∼8,000 genes, we profiled breast cancer samples from 81 patients, including 37 with IBC and 44 with noninflammatory breast cancer (NIBC). Global unsupervised hierarchical clustering was able to some extent to distinguish IBC and NIBC cases and revealed subclasses of IBC. Supervised analysis identified a 109-gene set the expression of which discriminated IBC from NIBC samples. This molecular signature was validated in an independent series of 26 samples, with an overall performance accuracy of 85%. Discriminator genes were associated with various cellular processes possibly related to the aggressiveness of IBC, including signal transduction, cell motility, adhesion, and angiogenesis. A similar approach, with leave-one-out cross-validation, identified an 85-gene set that divided IBC patients with significantly different pathological complete response rate (70% in one group and 0% in the other group). These results show the potential of gene expression profiling to contribute to a better understanding of IBC, and to provide new diagnostic and predictive factors for IBC, as well as for potential therapeutic targets.
The association between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee symptoms, function and quality of life 10–15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: B E Øiestad, I Holm, L Engebretsen, M A Risberg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Background There are conflicting results in the literature regarding the association between radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and symptoms and function in subjects with previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Aim To investigate the associations between radiographic tibiofemoral knee OA and knee pain, symptoms, function and knee-related quality of life (QOL) 10–15 years after ACL reconstruction. Study design Cross-sectional study. Material and methods 258 subjects were consecutively included at the time of ACL reconstruction and followed up prospectively. The authors included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score to evaluate knee pain, other symptoms (symptoms), activities of daily living and sport and recreation (Sport/Rec) and QOL. The subjects underwent standing radiographs 10–15 years after the ACL reconstruction. The radiographs were graded with the Kellgren and Lawrence (K&amp;L) classification (grade 0–4). Results 210 subjects (81%) consented to participate in the 10–15-year follow-up. Radiographic knee OA (K&amp;L ≥grade 2) was detected in 71%, and 24% showed moderate or severe radiographic knee OA (K&amp;L grades 3 and 4). No significant associations were detected between radiographic knee OA (K&amp;L grade ≥2) and pain, function or QOL, respectively, but subjects with radiographic knee OA showed significantly increased symptoms. Severe radiographic knee OA (K&amp;L grade 4) was significantly associated with more pain, symptoms, impaired Sport/Rec and reduced QOL. Conclusion Subjects with radiographic knee OA showed significantly more symptoms than those without OA, and subjects with severe radiographic knee OA had significantly more pain, impaired function and reduced quality of life than those without radiographic knee OA 10–15 years after ACL reconstruction.