tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of growth in low potassium medium or ouabain on membrane Na,K-ATPase, cation transport, and contractility in cultured chick heart cells.
Authors: D Kim, J D Marsh, W H Barry, T W Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Growth of cultured cells in low potassium medium has been shown to result in an increase in the number of Na,K-ATPase sites. This phenomenon and its physiological and pharmacological consequences were examined in spontaneously beating monolayers of cultured chick heart cells. Growth of cells in 1 mM extracellular potassium, 2 microM ouabain, or 1 microM veratridine for 48 hours caused 60%, 40%, or 20% increases, respectively, in the total number of specific ouabain binding sites measurable in intact cells. Acute exposure of control cells grown in 4 mM to 1 mM extracellular potassium caused elevation of steady state [Na+]i by 37%, while 1 microM veratridine exposure increased [Na+]i by 12%. After 48 hours of growth in 1 mM extracellular potassium, intracellular sodium concentrations declined to near-control levels. In cells grown in low extracellular potassium and then equilibrated with 4 mM potassium for 30 minutes, the positive inotropic effects of 1 mM extracellular potassium and 0.3 microM isoproterenol, expressed as a percent of contractile response to 3.6 mM calcium, were 40 +/- 6% and 37 +/- 5% (means +/- SEM), respectively, in low potassium-grown cells, compared with 63 +/- 8% and 35 +/- 4% in control cells. Growth of cells in low potassium shifted the concentration-effect curve for ouabain to the right. The rapid component of calcium uptake in zero extracellular sodium was significantly lower in low potassium-grown cells than in control cells after equilibration in 1 mM extracellular potassium for 30 minutes. These findings demonstrate that prolonged exposure of cultured heart cells to 1 mM extracellular potassium or ouabain causes induction of additional functional sarcolemmal sodium pump sites. The increased levels of intracellular sodium caused by these interventions appear to be an important determinant of sodium pump site density. The reduced contractile response of cells grown in 1 mM extracellular potassium and ouabain (but not isoproterenol) supports the view that elevated intracellular sodium due to Na,K-ATPase inhibition mediates the positive inotropic response to low extracellular potassium and ouabain, probably via augmented transsarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchange. In addition, our results support a mechanism of inotropic action of digitalis glycosides based on inhibition of the sodium pump rather than altered calcium binding properties of sarcolemmal sites due to cardiac glycoside binding to Na,K-ATPase.
NICE sticks to its advice to drop threshold for prescribing statins
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The group responsible for recommending the wider use of statins had faced “completely unjustified attacks on their integrity,” the director of the Centre for Clinical Practice at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) complained at a press conference in London to launch the final version of the guidance.

Mark Baker said that the group had shown great resilience in producing “important and high quality guidance, of which we’re all proud.” All panel members had declared any relevant interests, and none stood to gain financially from the guidance, he added.

When released in draft form for consultation, the guidance prompted the publication of a letter signed, among others, by Richard Thompson, president of the Royal College of Physicians, and Clare Gerada, former chairwoman of the Royal College of General Practitioners, warning of the risks of medicalising five million healthy people on the basis of drug company trials.1 A majority of the NICE panel members had ties to companies that made statins, the letter claimed, and it called for the guidance to be shelved. …
Comparative Benefits and Harms of Second-Generation Antidepressants for Treating Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Gerald Gartlehner, Richard A. Hansen, Laura C. Morgan, Kylie Thaler, Linda Lux, Megan Van Noord, Ursula Mager, Patricia Thieda, Bradley N. Gaynes, Tania Wilkins, Michaela Strobelberger, Stacey Lloyd, Ursula Reichenpfader, Kathleen N. Lohr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Second-generation antidepressants dominate the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), but evidence on the comparative benefits and harms of these agents is contradictory. Purpose: To compare the benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating MDD in adults. Data Sources: English-language studies from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from 1980 to August 2011 and reference lists of pertinent review articles and gray literature. Study Selection: 2 independent reviewers identified randomized trials of at least 6 weeks' duration to evaluate efficacy and observational studies with at least 1000 participants to assess harm. Data Extraction: Reviewers abstracted data about study design and conduct, participants, and interventions and outcomes and rated study quality. A senior reviewer checked and confirmed extracted data and quality ratings. Data Synthesis: Meta-analyses and mixed-treatment comparisons of response to treatment and weighted mean differences were conducted on specific scales to rate depression. On the basis of 234 studies, no clinically relevant differences in efficacy or effectiveness were detected for the treatment of acute, continuation, and maintenance phases of MDD. No differences in efficacy were seen in patients with accompanying symptoms or in subgroups based on age, sex, ethnicity, or comorbid conditions. Individual drugs differed in onset of action, adverse events, and some measures of health-related quality of life. Limitations: Most trials were conducted in highly selected populations. Publication bias might affect the estimates of some comparisons. Mixed-treatment comparisons cannot conclusively exclude differences in efficacy. Evidence within subgroups was limited. Conclusion: Current evidence does not warrant recommending a particular second-generation antidepressant on the basis of differences in efficacy. Differences in onset of action and adverse events may be considered when choosing a medication. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
TCT-395 Serial Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation 6-, 12- and 24-month Follow-up after Nobori Biolimus A9-eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Akihide Konishi, Toshiro Shinke, Hiromasa Otake, Tomofumi Takaya, Masayuki Nakagawa, Takumi Inoue, Tsuyoshi Ohsue, Yu Taniguchi, Masamichi Iwasaki, Ryo Nishio, Noritoshi Hiranuma, Hiroto Kinutani, Masaru Kuroda, Hachidai Takahashi, Daisuke Terashita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
TOPICAL TREATMENT OF THE AIR PASSAGES, WITH EXHIBITION OF A NEW ATOMIZING VAPORIZER.Read at the Chicago Medical Society.
Authors: HOMER M. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The topical treatment of diseases of the air passages is a subject of much interest to the medical profession. It is fortunate that such is the case when we consider that in the disease of pulmonary consumption alone, the death rate is one in six or seven of all deaths in the United States, not even counting those which result from other diseases of the respiratory organs. This statement is not true of any other disease or diseases. Probably the mortality is due to two facts: 1, that this class of diseases is very difficult to prevent or cure; and 2, that medical research has given less attention to these specific diseases. In presenting the subject of topical treatment of the air passages, there is no intention of claiming that a new method or remedy has been discovered, but rather a wish to emphasize the importance of thorough local application
Discoveries in Biological Psychiatry
Authors: Charles Savage
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This book is certainly timely. Watson's account of his discovery of<i>The Double Helix</i>had aroused widespread interest in the process of discovery. Ayd and Blackwell point out that there are many similar accounts in the literature. The accounts of discovery in biological psychiatry I found fascinating. At times it reads like a great adventure story, describing the inspiration, the overcoming of resistance, the battle for priority, and the final acclaim. The book is recommended for the young investigator and the tiring administrator alike. It covers such diverse subjects as the discovery of amphetamines, flurothyl (Indoklon), meprobamate, benzodiazepines, reserpine, butyrophenone, thioxanthenes, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, imipramine, chlorpromazine, and lithium. There are also exciting accounts by Blackwell of his discovery of the tyramine-induced hypertensive reaction to monoamine-oxidase inhibitors, by Elkes of the birth of psychopharmacology, by Hofmann of his discovery of synthetic and naturally occurring hallucinogens, and by Tracy Putnam of the
Compliance with drug treatment.
Authors: A Smith, J C Mucklow, I Wandless
Journal: BMJ (1979)

ProblemWe are told that many patients do not take their drugs in the way they have been prescribed.Yet very few patients will admit to this.How can we spot them and what should we do when we have ? AdviceWe know from numerous studies thatthere is no area of therapeutics where good compliance can be guaranteed.Esti- mates of the size of the problem vary according to the type of patient studied, the disease, and the treatment used, but it is now widely accepted that at least half of patients receiving drugs will deviate appreciably from the prescription.Methods available for measuring compliance include the assay of drug metabolites or tracer substances in biological fluids, and indirect assessment by patient interview or tablet count.No single method is entirely satisfactory: direct assays seldom give an overall idea of behaviour and indirect measures are prone to error and bias.The aim is to obtain an estimate of the ratio between tablets taken and tablets prescribed, and a discreet tablet count remains the most practical method.One possible alternative for patients receiving continual repeat
Are the Epidemiology and Microbiology of Methicillin-Resistant &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/EMPH&gt; Changing?
Authors: John M. Boyce
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EXPERIMENTAL SARCOSPORIDIOSIS IN THE GUINEA-PIG AND ITS RELATION TO A CASE OF SARCOSPORIDIOSIS IN MAN
Authors: Samuel T. Darling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

1. Guinea-pigs, naturally uninfected by sarcosporidia, were infected by feeding them with rat's muscle that was naturally infected by Sarcocystis muris, and by ripe mobile sporozoites from the same source. The infection was not visible grossly, but was detected upon very careful search through many sections of muscle. 2. Sarcosporidia were not found in the guinea-pigs until after an interval of 164 days from the first feeding, or 152 days after the most favorable feeding, when many teased-out mobile sporozoites were fed. 3. The prolonged period of incubation or latency, and the greater time required for infection of guinea-pigs here over that required by Negri (7) in Pavia, may be related to the fact that the experiment here was conducted in the tropics where the guinea-pig is a native. 4. Sarcosporidia of this apparently abortive type in unusual hosts cannot be specifically identified until their derivation and host relationships have been determined. 5. Morphologically, the guinea-pig sarcosporidia derived from Sarcocystis muris are identical with those found by the writer in the biceps of a Barbadian negro, and both probably represent abortive or aberrant forms.
Effect of 6-month supervised exercise on low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B kinetics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Michael Stolinski, Saima Alam, Nicola C. Jackson, Fariba Shojaee-Moradie, Claire Pentecost, William Jefferson, Emmanuel R. Christ, Richard H. Jones, A. Margot Umpleby
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Electrical Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Andreas Goette, Clegg Honeycutt, Jonathan J. Langberg
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Atrial fibrillation is self-perpetuating, suggesting that the tachyarrhythmia causes electrophysiological changes that contribute to the progressive nature of the disease. In animal models, pacing-induced rapid atrial rates result in sustained atrial fibrillation. This is mediated by shortening of refractory periods termed electrical remodeling. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the time course of electrical remodeling and to define mechanisms of the phenomenon. Methods and Results Closed-chest dogs were anesthetized, pretreated with atropine and propranolol, and subjected to 7 hours of atrial pacing at 800 bpm. The effective and absolute refractory periods (ARP and ERP) were measured during and after rapid pacing, and transvenous endocardial biopsy specimens were examined using electron microscopy. Despite autonomic blockade and the absence of change in right atrial pressure, persistent atrial tachycardia caused ARP and ERP to fall by &gt;10%. Electrical remodeling developed quickly, with more than half of the phenomenon occurring during the first 30 minutes of high-rate pacing. Pretreatment with glibenclamide in doses sufficient to block the ATP-sensitive potassium current had no effect. Atrial electrical remodeling was blocked by verapamil and accentuated by hypercalcemia. Biopsy specimens from controls subjected to rapid pacing showed mitochondrial swelling consistent with calcium overload. Biopsies from verapamil-treated animals were normal. Conclusions Atrial electrical remodeling develops quickly, is progressive, and may be persistent. Shifts in autonomic tone, atrial stretch, or depletion of high-energy phosphates do not contribute significantly to the phenomenon. Results of the study suggest that atrial electrical remodeling is mediated by rate-induced intracellular calcium overload.
The Endoscopic Spectrum of Late Radiation Damage of the Rectosigmoid Colon
Authors: F.C.A. den Hartog Jager, M. van Haastert, J.J. Batterman, G.N.J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

The endoscopic spectrum of late radiation damage to the rectosigmoid colon in 90 patients seen over a 10 year period (1973-1983) is presented.
SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL VEIN LIGATION
Authors: H. W. Keisker
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We appreciate the abstracting of our article, "Results Obtained by Superficial Femoral Vein Ligation," (Keisker and Bowers: Surgery<b>47:</b>224 [Feb.] 1960) inThe Journal, May 14, page 208. In the abstract, however, there is a mistake concerning the statistical analysis of the follow-up studies which would tend to influence the reader against superficial femoral vein ligation. In the original article appears the following statement. "Thirty-eight patients revealed no swelling by observation, history, or measurement. The swelling was mild in 38 cases and severe in 10 cases." The abstract, however, states, "Thirty-eight patients complained of severe swelling of the legs, and 10 complained of mild swelling." We sincerely believe in the efficacies of the operation for the reasons mentioned in the article and hope that the impression given by the abstract can be corrected.
Pempidine for Hypertension
Authors: K. Somers
Journal: BMJ (1961)

COMPARATIVE TUBERCULIN-TESTING 1 13 sources of mycobacterial infections.It has also been shown that there is a qualitative difference between these two P.P.D. preparations as well as a quantitative difference.Evidence is presented suggesting that as well as an increase in the incidence of tuberculin sensitivity with age there is also an increase in size or intensity of reactions with age.There is also evidence from the material presented and from other sources that type-specific P.P.D.s give early intense reactions (24 hours) whereas reactions to a heterologous P.P.D. are delayed, reaching their greatest intensity at 72 hours or later.Limitations of our knowledge of the materials and the technique of comparative tuberculin-testing of human subjects are reviewed.Other aspects of comparative tuberculin-testing requiring fuller investigation are mentioned.We acknowledge the help we have received from many people, particularly the schoolchildren and the staff of the schools.We particularly thank Dr.
A synthesis of psychological interventions for the bereaved
Authors: Pamela M Kato, Traci Mann
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (1999)

Several interventions have been implemented to address the adverse psychological and physical consequences associated with bereavement. In this review, we summarize four major theories of bereavement, present a qualitative review of bereavement intervention studies, and assess the overall effectiveness of bereavement intervention studies in a quantitative meta-analysis. Summaries of the theories are drawn from published theoretical works. The qualitative and quantitative reviews were based on searches of Medline, PsychINFO, and Dissertation Abstracts International databases using the keywords "bereaved" and "bereavement." Overall, the interventions were largely methodologically flawed, rarely specified what theory of bereavement they were testing, and slowed surprisingly weak effect sizes. Possible interpretations for the small effect sizes are discussed, and future directions are outlined.
Challenges of private provision in the NHS
Authors: Catherine Guly, Richard Sidebottom, Kim Hakin, Keith Bates
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Timmins questions whether the benefits of using independent providers for health care outweighs the risks.1 He notes the tendency for treatment centres to take on simpler cases, leaving the NHS to deal with complex surgery, but he brushes over the devastating effect that this is having on surgical training.1

Cataract surgery is the most common operation performed by treatment centres. It takes intensive training to become a good cataract surgeon. It is usually possible to predict which cataract operations are going to be difficult or high risk when the patient is seen before the procedure.2 In our department, these complex cases are listed as “consultant to do.” The remainder are listed as “any surgeon to do,” and it is these patients who may be suitable for training.​training.




Figure 1



Credit: PASCAL GOETGHELUCK/SPL




Since Netcare, a mobile treatment unit, and the Shepton Mallet treatment centre started operating in Somerset, we have noticed a dramatic reduction in training opportunities for cataract surgery. The number of “any surgeon to do” patients on each consultant list has halved from three patients per operating list in 2003 to 1.5 patients per list in 2005. Trainees are often unable to operate because of a lack of suitable cases. This will affect all ophthalmic training grades, but particularly senior house officers.

Fielder and Watson, noting that Action on Cataracts had failed to consider surgical training, made some excellent suggestions about how training could be improved.3 Their ideas of high volume service and low volume training surgical lists, with blocks of intensive surgical training seem eminently sensible. The demand for surgery was apparently overestimated when planning treatment centres.1 Could the NHS now use this excess capacity in the form of low volume surgical training lists? It seems very “short sighted” that, although the number of cataract operations performed in the UK is increasing, the future of cataract surgery training is under threat.
PREDICTORS OF HIGH RISK CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL STRESS MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT
Authors: Rine Nakanishi, Sean W. Hayes, Piotr Slomka, Mathews Fish, Heidi Gransar, Reza Arsanjani, Aryeh Shalev, Yuan Xu, Louise Thomson, John D. Friedman, Guido Germano, Daniel Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Collateral Circulation in Clinical Surgery
Authors: Theodore B. Massell
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The title of this volume is deceptive in that the book comprises much more than a discussion of collateral circulation. That subject is fully covered both anatomically and clinically; however, the authors have actually produced a compendium of applied anatomy, physiology, and clinical management of most of the arterial lesions encountered in surgical practice. Only details of operative technique are omitted, but other recent publications have adequately covered that subject. The authors have read and utilized almost every significant publication in English relevant to their subject. Each chapter is followed by a full bibliography. Generally, the reference material is well correlated and presented as a coherent text. Unfortunately, in a few chapters, the authors seem somewhat lacking in the personal experience needed to appreciate fully their reference matter and have turned out rather disconnected catalogues of the findings recorded in their bibliography. This defect is especially apparent in the section
Roller-Coaster Headache
Authors: Y. Bo-Abbas, C.F. Bolton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: On the basis of a prospective study, Fuchs and colleagues (Dec.22 issue) 1 estimate that the relative risk of colorectal cancer is 5.37 for people younger than 45 years of age who have one or more affected first-degree relatives.In an attempt to identify families with colon cancer, we have obtained detailed information on family history from 17 unselected patients with very-early-onset colon cancer (onset at the age of 39 or younger) through the records of the tumor registry of the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal.None of the patients were from families with polyposis syndromes.Among the 129 first-degree relatives of these 17 patients, 6 reportedly had colon cancer.On the basis of incidence rates for the population of Quebec, there was only 1.0 case expected in this group (P Ͻ 0.01).The observed relative risk of 6.0, which is similar to that reported by Fuchs et al., is equivalent to a lifetime risk of 23 percent.We believe that these data strongly support the recommendation by Fuchs et al. that all first-degree relatives of patients with early-onset colon cancer be offered genetic assessment and regular screening by colonoscopy.