tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of improving regional and global ventricular function by preload alterations during acute ischemia in the canine left ventricle.
Authors: W Y Lew, E Ban-Hayashi
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We examined the influence of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) on the mechanical interaction between ischemic and nonischemic areas during acute myocardial ischemia. Circumferentially oriented ultrasonic segment gauges were implanted in the midwall of the anterior apex and posterior apex of the left ventricle in seven anesthetized dogs. Stroke volume was measured with a flow probe around the ascending aorta in five of these animals. We varied LVEDP with vena caval occlusion and dextran infusions to three matched levels (7, 12, and 19 mm Hg) before and 30 min after complete occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery. With acute ischemia, the anterior apex or ischemic zone demonstrated marked segmental lengthening during isovolumetric systole (end-diastole to aortic valve opening) and akinesis during the ejection phase (aortic valve opening to closure). In the posterior apex or nonischemic area, isovolumetric shortening increased and ejection phase shortening decreased during acute ischemia when compared with those under control conditions at the same LVEDP. Thus, a portion of the shortening generated by the nonischemic area was expended in stretching the ischemic zone during isovolumetric systole, thereby reducing the amount of ejection phase shortening. As LVEDP was increased, there was a parallel decrease in both the amount of isovolumetric lengthening in the ischemic zone and the isovolumetric shortening in the nonischemic area. As a result, acute ischemia produced less of a reduction in ejection phase shortening in the nonischemic area and in stroke volume at high as compared with low LVEDP. We conclude that the ischemic zone imposes a mechanical disadvantage on the nonischemic area, the magnitude of which is directly proportional to the amount of isovolumetric lengthening or bulge in the ischemic zone. An increase in LVEDP during acute ischemia improves regional and global ventricular function by both the Frank-Starling mechanism in the nonischemic (but not the ischemic) area and by reducing the mechanical disadvantage that the ischemic zone imposes on the nonischemic area.
Importance of Interleukin-8 in the Development of Reexpansion Lung Injury in Rabbits
Authors: MORIO NAKAMURA, SEITARO FUJISHIMA, MAKOTO SAWAFUJI, AKITOSHI ISHIZAKA, TSUYOSHI OGUMA, KENZO SOEJIMA, HIROAKI MATSUBARA, SADATOMO TASAKA, KOJI KIKUCHI, KOICHI KOBAYASHI, EIJI IKEDA, MICHAEL SADICK, CAROLINE A. HEBERT, NAOKI AIKAWA, MINORU KANAZAWA, KAZUHIRO YAMAGUCHI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Reexpansion of a collapsed lung induces increased microvascular permeability leading to reexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE). This study was designed to prove the hypothesis that local overproduction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) induces inflammatory cell accumulation which leads to the induction of REPE. Initially, we examined the detailed characteristics of a rabbit model of REPE in association with IL-8 production and its mRNA expression. The lung tissue to plasma ratio of radiolabeled albumin (T/P ratio), the lung wet to dry ratio, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophil counts were significantly increased in the reexpanded lung. IL-8 concentrations and mRNA expression were significantly increased in the reexpanded lung homogenate. Immunohistochemically, alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial cells in the reexpanded lung and AMs in the collapsed lung were positive for IL-8. Second, we examined the effect of pretreatment with a specific monoclonal anti-IL-8 antibody (Ab) or control IgG on the development of REPE. The T/P ratio and BAL neutrophil counts were conspicuously decreased by pretreatment with anti-IL-8 Ab, but not with control IgG. On a histopathological study, lung injury and leukocyte infiltration were attenuated by the pretreatment with anti-IL-8 Ab. In conclusion, IL-8 production is enhanced in the reexpanded lung, and contributes to the development of REPE. The pretreatment with anti-IL-8 antibody may be useful as a novel protective therapy for this disease.
Australia Antigen Detection by "Sandwich" Counterelectrophoresis
Authors: Edward R. Burka
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Detection of Australia antigen is performed in many clinical laboratories by counterelectrophoresis (CEP). Recently J. B. Smith described a "sandwich" counterelectrophoresis (SCEP) technique which is very sensitive for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein.<sup>1</sup>In a pilot experiment with the use of SCEP, we found that Australia antigen in the serum of a carrier could be detected at higher dilutions than by our regular CEP method. We have used a Shandon electrophoresis unit with a cooling apparatus operated at 200 m and 60 to 80 ma thus permitting completion of a run in 30 minutes. Barbital buffer at pH 8.6 is used to make 0.6% agarose plates.<sup>2</sup>Because we have found that certain sera contain a heat labile factor, probably Clq, that can mask Australia antigen just as rheumatoid factor can, all fresh specimens are heat inactivated for 30 minutes at 56 C.<sup>3</sup>Human rather than
AN OUTBREAK OF BOTULISM
Authors: J. C. Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1941)

On March 22, 1941 a family of 6, 2 adults and 4 children aged 7, 9, 11 and 12 years respectively, partook of a meal designated as supper at approximately 6 p. m. The supper consisted of macaroni, prepared with commercially canned mushroom sauce designated as Italian style, milk, apples and oranges. The food of all previous and later meals was considered of no consequence in the light of the clinical symptoms developing in 3 of the children andthe subsequent field or epidemiologic investigation. It is of importance to note that the commercially canned mushroom sauce was not heated but was poured directly over the cooked macaroni and served, the 3 children affected obtaining the first servings. The remaining persons, 2 adults and 1 child aged 7 years, likewise consumed this mixture of macaroni and unheatedmushroom sauce. The first symptoms of botulism occurred in 1 child, aged 11, at 4:
Medication Use in US Youth With Mental Disorders
Authors: Kathleen R. Merikangas, Jian-ping He, Judith Rapoport, Benedetto Vitiello, Mark Olfson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

To evaluate the prevalence, demographic and clinical correlates, and specificity of classes of psychotropic medications indicated for mental disorders.Cross-sectional survey.Direct household interviews of combined household and school samples representative of the general population of adolescents in the United States.Ten thousand one hundred twenty-three adolescents aged 13 to 18 years who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) mental disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders.Psychotropic medication use in the past 12 months.Among youth with any DSM-IV mental disorder, 14.2% reported that they had been treated with a psychotropic medication in the past 12 months. Strong associations emerged between specific disorders and classes of medications with evidence for efficacy. Antidepressants were most frequently used among those with primary mood disorders (14.1%); stimulant use was most common among those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (20.4%); and antipsychotic use was infrequent and mostly seen among those with serious developmental disorders. Less than 2.5% of adolescents without a 12-month mental disorder had been prescribed psychotropic medications, and most had evidence of psychological distress or impairment reflected in a previous mental disorder, subthreshold condition, or developmental disorder. Appropriate medication use was significantly more frequent among those in treatment in the mental health specialty sector than general medicine or other settings.These findings challenge recent concerns over widespread overmedication and misuse of psychotropic medications in US youth. In fact, these data highlight the need for greater recognition and appropriate treatment of youth with mental health disorders.
Medical Ethics and Living a Life
Authors: Robert Coles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

A black woman in Mississippi's Delta told me in 1969, as I went from home to home with other doctors trying to understand how it went for extremely poor and hard-pressed people:We don't have it good here. It's no good at all. I turn and ask the Lord, a lot of times, why it's so — the unfairness in this world. But I'll never get an answer. My daddy told me: "Don't expect answers to the really big questions — not from anyone. We're put here, and we don't know why, and we try to figure out why while . . .
Immediate or Deferred Surgery for General Peritonitis Associated with Appendicitis in Children
Authors: William E. Ladd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1938)

1. Bower, J. O.; Burns, J. C, and Mengle, H. A.: The bacteriology of spreading peritonitis complicating acute perforative appendicitis. Surgery 3:645-657, 1938. 2. Coller, F. A., and Potter, E. B.: Treatment of peritonitis associated with appendicitis. J. A. M. A. 103:1753-1758, 1934. 3. Deaver, J. B.: The acute abdomen. Med. Record 93:47-52, 1918. 4. Guerry, L. G.: A study of the mortality in appendicitis. Ann. Surg. 84:283-287, 1926. 5. Hertzler, A. E.: Surgical Pathology of the Peritoneum. 304 pp. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1935. 6. Jopson, J. H., and Pfeiffer, D. B.: The limitations of the Ochsner treatment in certain cases of suppurative peritonitis. Ann. Surg. 77:194-205, 1923. 7. Ochsner, A. J.: The elimination of the inflamed, gangrenous or perforated vermiform appendix from the general peritoneal cavity. Chicago M. Rec. 19:279-299, 1900. 8. Priestley, J. T., and McCormack, C. J.: Generalized peritonitis secondary to rupture of appendix, with special reference to serum therapy. Surg., Gyncc. 8t Obst. 63:675-680, 1936. 9. Reid, M. R.: The appendicitis problem. Surgery 3:601-605, 1938. 10. Royster, H. A.: personal communication. 11. Walker, I. J.: A comparative mortality study of acute appendicitis. New Eng. J. Med. 208:113-123, 1933.
Topical pimecrolimus and tacrolimus transiently induce neuropeptide release and mast cell degranulation in murine skin
Authors: S. Ständer, H. Ständer, S. Seeliger, T.A. Luger, M. Steinhoff
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The topical calcineurin inhibitors pimecrolimus and tacrolimus have been demonstrated to be an effective new anti-inflammatory therapy. The only clinically relevant side-effect reported is transient application site burning and stinging itch at the beginning of topical therapy.In order to understand the underlying mechanism of this effect, we examined whether or not the compounds are able to stimulate neuropeptide release in normal murine skin as well as in a mouse model of experimentally induced irritant contact dermatitis.Balb/c mice were treated with 1% pimecrolimus cream or 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. Untreated and corresponding vehicle-treated mice served as controls. Skin specimens were investigated by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction.Topical application of pimecrolimus and tacrolimus was followed by an initial release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from primary afferent nerve fibres in murine skin during the early inflammatory response. The release of the neuropeptides and their binding to mast cells (MCs) led to MC degranulation. Mediators of MCs such as histamine and tryptase may induce pruritus and burning by binding to the corresponding receptors (histamine receptor 1, proteinase-activated receptor 2) on sensory nerve fibres, which explains the initial side-effects during therapy with calcineurin inhibitors.It may be speculated that calcineurin inhibitors directly stimulate intracellular signalling pathways or bind to ion channels such as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 or receptors involved in nociception.
Pulmonary Hazard of the Ingestion of Mineral Oil in the Apparently Healthy Adult
Authors: Louis Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

PERIODIC reports of harm resulting from the ingestion or aspiration of mineral oil have appeared in the medical literature and even in the lay press. Recently, it has been shown that the taking of liquid petrolatum with food prevents substantial amounts of food carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, from entering the body.1 This fact and some corollaries thereto have been established to the satisfaction of authors of the latest books on nutrition and vitamin therapy and have provoked editorial comment.2 More than two decades have elapsed since it was demonstrated that serious harm can be done to the lungs . . .
Is One 60° Fundus Photograph Sufficient for Screening of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?
Authors: Flemming Møller, Merete Hansen, Anne Katrin Sjølie
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

To compare one 60 degrees fundus photograph to seven field stereo fundus photographs in identifying proliferative diabetic retinopathy.A total of 44 eyes in 23 patients with moderate/severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were included. Evaluation of each eye was based on one 60 degrees fundus photograph. Eyes were re-examined using seven field 30 degrees stereo fundus photographs according to the protocol of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, and the photographs were examined independently by three ophthalmologists to identify retinal neovascular lesions. In addition, fluorescein angiography was performed in all patients to verify the presence of the lesions.In four eyes of three patients (11.1% of eyes) evaluated based on seven field stereo photographs, retinal neovascularization was found. This condition was not found on examination of 60 degrees fundus photographs.Examination of one 60 degrees fundus photograph was found to be insufficient as a screening procedure in patients with moderate/severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
An association between hypocholesterolaemia and colorectal carcinoma in an Irish population.
Authors: J S O'Rourke, A Johnson, P Collins, J Duignan, D Bouchier-Hayes
Journal: Gut (1992)

A group of 114 Irish patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the large bowel had significantly lower serum cholesterol concentrations than an age and sex matched group drawn from the general population. The hypocholesterolaemiac trait was manifest in male and female patients. Rigorous control procedures established that it was neither an artefact of nutritional compromise nor of preoperative bowel preparatory protocols. The data suggested that the appreciable hypocholesterolaemia observed was not influenced by the pathological stage or degree of differentiation of the tumour.
Relaxation of rabbit ventricular muscle by Na-Ca exchange and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump. Ryanodine and voltage sensitivity.
Authors: D M Bers, J H Bridge
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

We studied relaxation during rapid rewarming of rabbit ventricular muscles that had been activated by rapid cooling. Rewarming from 1 degree to 30 degrees C (in less than 0.5 second) activates mechanisms that contribute to the reduction of intracellular calcium concentration and thus relaxation (e.g., sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR] calcium pump and sarcolemmal Na-Ca exchange and calcium pump). Rapid rewarming in normal Tyrode's solution induces relaxation with a half-time (t1/2) of 217 +/- 14 msec (mean +/- SEM). During cold exposure, changing the superfusate to a sodium-free, calcium-free medium with 2 mM CoCl2 (to eliminate Na-Ca exchange) slightly slows relaxation upon rewarming in the same medium (t1/2 = 279 +/- 44 msec). Addition of 10 mM caffeine (which prevents SR calcium sequestration) to normal Tyrode's solution during cold superfusion slows relaxation somewhat more (t1/2 = 376 +/- 31 msec) than sodium-free, calcium-free solution. However, if both interventions are combined (sodium-free + caffeine) during the cold exposure and rewarming, the relaxation is greatly slowed (t1/2 = 2,580 +/- 810 msec). These results suggest that either the SR calcium pump or, to a lesser extent, sarcolemmal Na-Ca exchange can produce rapid relaxation, but if both systems are blocked, relaxation is very slow. If muscles are equilibrated with 500 nM ryanodine before cooling, relaxation upon rewarming is not greatly slowed (t1/2 = 266 +/- 37 msec) even if sodium-free, calcium-free solution is applied during the cold and rewarming phases (t1/2 = 305 +/- 66 msec). This result suggests that ryanodine does not prevent the SR from accumulating calcium to induce relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abdominal aortic aneurysm events in postmenopausal women
Authors: J. T Powell, P. E Norman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains the only curative treatment for myelofibrosis. Most post-transplantation events occur during the first two years and hence we aimed to analyze the outcome of 2-year disease-free survivors. A total of 1055 patients with myelofibrosis transplanted between 1995 and 2014 and registered in the registry of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation were included. Survival was compared to the matched general population to determine excess mortality and the risk factors that are associated. In the 2-year survivors, disease-free survival was 64% (60-68%) and overall survival was 74% (71-78%) at ten years; results were better in younger individuals and in women. Excess mortality was 14% (8-21%) in patients aged
Transient Small-Bowel Obstruction Secondary to the Olive Tip Released During Esophageal Self-Expandable Metal Stent Placement
Authors: F. J. Jiménez-Pérez, J. Vila, M. Iñarrairaegui, D. Carral, F. Borda
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Several complications have been reported after esophageal self-expandable metal stent placement. These include stent migration, bleeding, perforation, fistula formation and occlusion [1] [2]. An increased incidence of migration and bleeding has been described for stents placed across the gastroesophageal junction [3]. We present a case of transient small-bowel obstruction after esophageal stenting, caused by the delivery device for the stent.
Ankylosing Spondylosis in Familial Hypophosphatemia.
Authors: Rahel K. Steinhauser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Ankylosing Spondylosis in Familial Hypophosphatemia.Rahel K. Steinhauser, M.D., Charles I. Scott Jr., M.D., Jane A. Mays, Victor A. McKusick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Rahel K. Steinhauser, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles I. Scott Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jane A. MaysSearch for more papers by this author, Victor A. McKusick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-811_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA large group of adults, including several family groups, with vitamin-D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets have been studied. Ankylosing spondylosis, as well as boney fusion and restricting periarticular osseous changes in the extremities are crippling manifestations in the untreated adult male. Females heterozygous for the X-borne gene responsible for this disorder show wide variability in all the manifestations of the disorder, consistent with the Lyon principle. Some females show hypertrophic skeletal changes similar to those of affected males but rarely in such extreme form. Since both vitamin D and parathyroid hormone are necessary for normal mobilization of bone and since immunoassay shows... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Rahel K. Steinhauser, M.D.; Charles I. ScottJr., M.D.; Jane A. Mays; Victor A. McKusick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 811-811KeywordsBoneImmunoassaysParathyroid hormoneVitamin D ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
(43) Hidradenitis suppurativa and response to oral steroids
Authors: J.F.B. Norris, W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (43) Hidradenitis suppurativa and response to oral steroids Get access J.F.B. Norris, J.F.B. Norris The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. Cunliffe W.J. Cunliffe The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Page 96, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12083.x Published: 01 June 1987
Photosensitized killing of cultured fibroblasts from patients with peroxisomal disorders due to pyrene fatty acid-mediated ultraviolet damage.
Authors: G Hoefler, E Paschke, S Hoefler, A B Moser, H W Moser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The influence of pyrene-fatty acids on the resistance of cells to ultraviolet (UV) radiation was investigated in cultured fibroblasts from patients with five types of peroxisomal disorders. All showed reduced survival compared to control. The effect varied with the biochemical defect involved and the chain length of the pyrene fatty acid. Reduced survival was observed in cells deficient in plasmalogens (rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata) and in cells deficient in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation (bifunctional enzyme deficiency), which accumulated pyrene-fatty acids. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy fibroblasts accumulated pyrene-fatty acids and showed increased UV sensitivity only when exposed to longer-chain pyrene fatty acids. UV radiation resistance was lowest in cells with combined impairment of plasmalogen synthesis and fatty acid oxidation (Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy), suggesting that UV sensitivity correlates inversely with the ratio of plasmalogens to radical producing substances. Fibroblasts deficient in plasmalogens gained normal UV resistance when their plasmalogen levels were normalized by hexadecylglycerol. UV resistance increased when Zellweger cells were fused with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy cells, and also when Zellweger cells belonging to different complementation groups were fused. The results provide leads to the pathogenesis of the multiple malformations associated with peroxisomal disorders and a method for the selection of cells in which the metabolic defect has been corrected.
A CASE OF UNSUSPECTED POISONING BY LEAD
Authors: J. Tunstall
Journal: BMJ (1856)

ASSOCIATION MEDICAL JOUiNAL. 377 case of a young woman, who had been admitted with exces- sive pain, of old standing, at the back and internal side of the femur, and wher it was necessary that something should be done, if not amputation high up in the thigh.Every week almost we observe portions of diseased or dead bone removed, but one of the difficulties here was to find whether there really was much or any sequestrum in pro- ces of separation.The patient herself was -most anxious something should be done, and if not done at St. Bartholo- *I Cases conpliCated with gastritis, ouie of two tbiii-s halppen-eitt,er the seat of pain is in the epigstriumn, or exists in evern other part of the abdomen.' (bead Diseases, a Treatise from the Frenich of '.Taanqerel des Plenches, with Notes aud Additions on the Use of Lead ['ipe and its Sub- sLitutes By