tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cervical Stabilization-Traction Board
Authors: Donald J. Prolo
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The cervical stabilization-traction board is a device for easy, immediate, immobilization of the injured cervical spine at the accident site. The patient's trunk is fixed to a rigid board by straps that do not encumber thoracic or abdominal structures. Movable blocks to which is secured a halter sling stabilize and distract head and neck in the position. These structures are found in all age groups. Roentgenograms may be taken with the device in place. No secondary transfers are necessary until definitive therapy is instituted.
Book: Death, Hope and Sex
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

James S Chisholm Cambridge University Press, £17.95, pp 310 ISBN 0 521 59708 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> There have been many attempts to use evolutionary theory to justify controversial moral or social positions. In the 19th century the British social philosopher Herbert Spencer proposed a social Darwinism that would marry evolutionary ideas and Protestant ethics. In the 1970s, the discipline of sociobiology gained popular appeal for its synthesis of the natural and social sciences. And in Sweden's recent policies of eugenic sterilisation the state itself was attempting an enforced “survival of the fittest.” James Chisholm wants to save evolutionary theory from accusations of misuse and abuse. We have nothing to fear from it, he argues, for it offers a humane explanation for our behaviour and … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
The Mood-Elevating Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Depression
Authors: Mark Germine
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Wehr<sup>1</sup>describes the the mood-elevating effects of sleep deprivation as an unexplained phenomenon. He discusses a number of potential biological explanations, none of which are very cogent, but does not discuss any psychodynamic or cognitive formulations of the problem. A psychodynamic model of the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation has been proposed.<sup>2</sup> This model is based on the well-documented principle that the brain is an associative organ, and that associations are structured by conscious activities that are diminished or suspended during sleep.<sup>3</sup>The function of this structuring process is to protect the conscious mind from unpleasant or painful affects and to promote pleasant or pleasurable affects. According to the model proposed,<sup>2</sup>in depression, the process of awakening leads to the introduction into waking consciousness of repressed, painful associations that occur during sleep, leading to the development of depressed affect. This model explains
Risks From Polio Vaccination-Reply
Authors: Walter A. Orenstein
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The ratio of one case of paralytic poliomyelitis for every 3.2 million doses of OPV distributed represents the CDC's best estimate, based on available data, of the risk of polio to recipients and contacts after a single dose of OPV. Parents or guardians of children who receive vaccine purchased with federal funds are informed of this risk each time they appear in a clinic to have their children vaccinated. An estimate of the overall risk in a three- or four-dose series might be useful. However, it does not properly inform persons of the risk of a given dose administered on the day of the clinic visit. In addition, data to calculate the number of children vaccinated each year are not generally available. Simply dividing the number of doses distributed by 3 or 4 may not accurately reflect the number of vaccinated persons. Finally, rates per 100,000 live births
Book: The Medical Documentation of Torture
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Eds Michael Peel, Vincent Iacopino Greenwich Medical Media, £39.50, pp 228 ISBN 1 84110 068 4 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> I spent some time last month at a medical centre in Dover that deals with the immediate health needs of asylum seekers arriving from the continent. Asylum seekers are routinely pulled off the backs of lorries and freight trains: 40 to 50 claim asylum at these docks every day. Many have travelled for months in poor conditions, and are inevitably exhausted and traumatised. The general practitioner at the medical centre will deal with anything from sprained ankles—often the result of being pushed from lorries at haste—and cuts from scaling barbed wire border fences, to minor ailments stemming from fatigue … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
MTERF4 Regulates Translation by Targeting the Methyltransferase NSUN4 to the Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosome
Authors: Yolanda Cámara, Jorge Asin-Cayuela, Chan Bae Park, Metodi D. Metodiev, Yonghong Shi, Benedetta Ruzzenente, Christian Kukat, Bianca Habermann, Rolf Wibom, Kjell Hultenby, Thomas Franz, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Paul Tempst, B. Martin Hallberg, Claes M. Gustafsson, Nils-Göran Larsson
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Mechanism of the blunted renal response to atrial natiuretic factor (ANF) in cirrhotics with ascites, evidence against a role of impaired systemic hemodynamics
Authors: P. Ginés, J. Llach, Ll. Titó, W. Jiménez, S. Badalamenti, JM. Salmerón, C. Toledo, V. Arroyo, J. Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Myocardial Fibrosis and Function in Hypertrophied and Failing Myocardium From the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Wesley W. Brooks, Oscar H. L. Bing, Kathleen G. Robinson, Mara T. Slawsky, David M. Chaletsky, Chester H. Conrad
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background After a period of stable hypertrophy, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) develop heart failure between 18 to 24 months of age, with depression of active myocardial function and increased passive stiffness. We tested the hypothesis that chronic ACE inhibition by captopril would prevent and possibly reverse impairment of myocardial function. Methods and Results Male SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were assigned to no treatment or captopril treatment (2 g/L in drinking water) begun at ages 12, 18, and 21 months; animals were studied at 24 months of age, or earlier when evidence of heart failure was found in SHR (mean age, 19±2 months). In an additional group, captopril treatment was begun when SHR developed heart failure; surviving animals were studied at 24 months of age. In untreated SHR, relative to WKY, isometric stress development at L max , maximum rate of stress development, and shortening velocity were depressed, whereas passive stiffness was increased, in association with the development of myocardial fibrosis. In the SHR treated before cardiac dysfunction, captopril administration attenuated hypertrophy and prevented contractile dysfunction, fibrosis, and increased passive stiffness. Captopril treatment begun after cardiac function was impaired reduced left ventricular hypertrophy but did not restore intrinsic contractile function or reduce fibrosis or passive stiffness. Conclusions In the male SHR, early treatment with captopril was associated with the most marked attenuation of dysfunction relative to the untreated SHR. Treatment initiated after the onset of heart failure improved clinical signs of heart failure and decreased left ventricular hypertrophy in surviving animals but did not reverse the fibrosis and contractile dysfunction associated with heart failure.
Medical Education Toward the 21st Century
Authors: Scott Sarran
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In a recent JAMA article, 1 the authors made several generalizations regarding the discipline of  practice that need rebuttal.  First, the authors state that family medicine programs do not have a strong basis in psychiatry. It is not our intent to duplicate the work of psychiatrists in caring for patients with chronic psychiatric disorders. However, it is clear from surveys of practicing physicians 2 and their patients 3 that  physicians frequently deal with acute psychosocial and psychosomatic problems, offering compassion, concern, and minor advice to their patients' satisfaction.  The authors go on to state that there has been little research in the field (of  practice). A recent review 4 described the continuing growth and development of a literature base relevant to  practice. Although it is true that much of the  practice literature published to date is descriptive and comparative rather than interventional,
Energy and Substrate Metabolism in Obesity and Postobese State
Authors: Luc Tappy, Jean P Felber, Eric Jéquier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

The total energy expenditure (EE) of human beings is represented by basal metabolic rate (which corresponds to 60-70% of EE), dietary-induced thermogenesis (10% of EE), and the energy expended in physical activity (20-30% of EE). Obese individuals have an increased total EE compared with lean subjects; this increase is essentially due to an increased lean body mass concomitant with obesity, and is completely reverted after weight loss. Glucose-induced thermogenesis (GIT), measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, has been found to be decreased in obese individuals, although some discrepancy exists between studies. The observed decreases in GIT show a gradation, increasing progressively from obese patients with normal glucose tolerance to obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and an increased insulin response after OGTT to obese patients with NIDDM and a hypoinsulinemic response after OGTT. The defect in GIT appears to be related to impairment in nonoxidative glucose storage and with the degree of insulin resistance. Obese patients after weight loss show a further decrease in GIT after OGTT or during a euglycemic clamp, which remains unclear. Obese patients have an increased basal lipid oxidation and a decreased suppression of lipid oxidation after OGTT or during a euglycemic clamp. Glucose oxidation and storage are both markedly decreased during a euglycemic clamp. In contrast, the defect in glucose storage is less apparent after OGTT, due to the compensatory effect of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Patients with Severe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: James M. Pluda
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To describe the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a group of patients with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving long-term dideoxynucleoside antiretroviral therapy. Design: We examined the records of all patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex who were entered into three long-term phase I trials of zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) or zidovudine-containing regimens at the National Cancer Institute between 1985 and 1987. Setting: The Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Participants: Fifty-five HIV-infected patients with AIDS or severe AIDS-related complex. Measurements and Main Results: Eight of fifty-five patients (14.5%; 95% CI, 6.5% to 26.7%) developed a high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell type, a median of 23.8 months (range, 13 to 35 months) after starting antiretroviral treatment. Using the method of Kaplan and Meier, the estimated probability of developing lymphoma by 30 months of therapy was 28.6% (CI, 13.7% to 50.3%) and by 36 months, 46.4% (CI, 19.6% to 75.5%). The patients who developed lymphoma had less than 100 T4 cells/mm3 for a median of 17.8 months (range, 7 to 35 months) and less than 50 T4 cells/mm3 for a median of 15.3 months (range, 5.5 to 35 months) before the diagnosis. All patients presented with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in extranodal sites, and two developed primary brain involvement in the setting of Toxoplasma infection. Conclusion: Patients with symptomatic HIV infection who survive for up to 3 years on antiretroviral therapy may have a relatively high probability of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Prolonged survival in the setting of profound immunosuppression with substantial T4-cell depletion is probably an important factor in the development of these lymphomas. However, a direct role of therapy itself cannot be totally discounted. As improved therapies for the treatment of HIV infection and its complications result in prolonged survival, non-Hodgkin lymphoma may become an increasingly significant problem.
Noninvasive prediction of the angiographic extent of coronary artery disease after myocardial infarction: comparison of clinical, bicycle exercise electrocardiographic, and ventriculographic parameters.
Authors: D D Morris, A Rozanski, D S Berman, G A Diamond, H J Swan
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To assess alternative criteria for the prediction of multivessel coronary artery disease after myocardial infarction, we compared the clinical, bicycle electrocardiographic, and radionuclide ventriculographic (ejection fraction and wall motion) responses in 110 patients undergoing coronary angiography after myocardial infarction. Ninety-seven of the 110 patients had multivessel coronary artery disease (two or more diseased vessels). Clinical or electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in 41 of 97 (sensitivity = 43%) patients with multivessel disease, and in only two of 13 (specificity = 85%) patients without multivessel disease. The average information content of these combined clinical and electrocardiographic variables relative to perfect discrimination was 5%. Among the scintigraphic parameters, the conventional criterion for ejection fraction abnormality, a rise of less than 5% had a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 62% for multivessel coronary artery disease, while a fall in ejection fraction of 5% or more had a sensitivity of 39% and specificity of 92% for multivessel coronary artery disease. The presence of an exercise wall motion abnormality in the nonadjacent noninfarcted (remote) region had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 55% for multivessel coronary artery disease. A more stringent criterion, worsening of remote wall motion with exercise, had a sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 75%. When this latter criterion was combined with a fall in ejection fraction, the sensitivity for multivessel coronary artery disease increased to 62%, specificity remained 75%, and information content increased from 5% to 10%. We conclude that conventional diagnostic criteria for abnormal clinical, bicycle electrocardiographic, or scintigraphic results do not identify patients with additional coronary artery disease after infarction with high accuracy. Two alternative ventriculographic parameters--a fall in ejection fraction and wall motion worsening--are similar to clinical parameters in specificity, but have a higher sensitivity and information content.
(14) Spitz naevus naevus
Authors: J.A. Cotterill
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (14) Spitz naevus naevus Get access J.A. Cotterill J.A. Cotterill The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Page 63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12055.x Published: 01 June 1987
Atypical Lymphatic Mapping in Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tatiana Segard, Sophie Guillemard, Pierre-Ludovic Giacalone, Michel Rossi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Sentinel lymph node detection is applied widely for the management of breast cancer, and the external lymphoscintigraphy provides the surgeon with an accurate map of the lymphatic drainage. Although the most frequent drainage for breast cancer is toward the axillary nodes in 94%, various patterns have been described, especially in the internal mammary chain. In the literature, lymphatic drainage in breast cancer is usually limited to the trunk. We report an atypical case with drainage to an upper extremity.
The future of sports medicine.
Authors: S N Blair
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

Goal settingA new editor, a new publisher, a new beginning.Before we look to the future, however, we should recognise the achievements of the past and laud the evolution of the Journal under the guidance of my predecessors in the editorial chair.Henry Robson was synonymous with the Journal for many years and when reading the journal one felt that he had lovingly crafted almost every word himself.Sadly Henry is no longer with us, and his wife Ada died late last year, so ending long family links with the Journal.Peter Sperryn is the other major figure in the development of the Journal who almost single handedly brought it from its humble beginnings to its current international status.In the early days he did much of secretarial work and subediting himself during many hours, ensuring the Journal's publication through difficult times.He built links with many of the leading international figures of sports medicine and promoted the Journal enthusiastically worldwide.Those who attended the 1995 BASM annual congress were witness to the great esteem in which he is held by the BASM membership for his outstanding contribution to the Journal, but Peter has been an inspiration to an entire generation of sports medicine not alone through his dedication to the Journal but through his writing and teaching.We all hope he will continue in this mission.One of his last major achievements as editor was bringing the Journal to BMJ publications and it was this vision and foresight that ensures its future success.It is a great honour to be his successor and I am very grateful for his warm and enthusiastic encouragement.
Taking hormone replacement therapy
Authors: F. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Women and health professionals should make the decision jointly and review it periodically 

In the United Kingdom women at midlife are facing the decision whether to take hormone replacement therapy or not. The backdrop to this includes widespread discussion in the media of hormone replacement therapy, high levels of lay awareness, a medical profession that is mostly pro-hormone replacement therapy (although expressing some concern about long term side effects such as breast cancer), one of the highest rates of breast cancer in Europe,1 and a large but changing clinical evidence base.2 In some regions the decision to use hormone replacement therapy or not may be less prominent in society owing to a different backdrop, such as low levels of breast cancer or less awareness of hormone replacement therapy. Furthermore the experience of the menopause is closely linked with a woman's physical and social environment.3 4 Interaction between health professionals and women about hormone replacement therapy is one of the ways in which the role and status of hormone replacement therapy …
New HHS Data Standards for Race, Ethnicity, Sex, Primary Language, and Disability Status
Authors: Rashida Dorsey, Garth Graham
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE NECESSITY OF SHORTENING LARGE NERVES WHEN AMPUTATING
Authors: W. G. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1903)

BRAGHIAATJITUGBI [lJOT t' *71[After the present paper liad been written the record of a very interesting successfu lcase, by Dr. E. C. Taylor, appeare%I in the Lancet for June 6th, I903.]What has' been s,aid will serve to point 1th e moPaL that unrelaxed vigilance must be observed in every case, and during every stage, of a radical-cure-of herniia, w he her inguinal or femoral,, the bladder, as,already stated, being occasionally'found in the sac of a femo6alheriua.
Prognostic Impact of Microvasculopathy on Survival After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Nicola E. Hiemann, Ernst Wellnhofer, Christoph Knosalla, Hans B. Lehmkuhl, Julia Stein, Roland Hetzer, Rudolf Meyer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Epicardial vasculopathy has been shown to be associated with poor outcome after heart transplantation. We demonstrate that histologically proven stenotic microvasculopathy is a novel prognostic factor for long-term survival. Methods and Results— In 9713 biopsies harvested within the first posttransplantation year from 873 patients (83% male; mean age, 49.1±0.6 years), light microscopic evaluations (×200) were performed for microvasculopathy, defined as stenotic endothelial and/or medial disease. Prevalence of severe epicardial vasculopathy was defined by presence of ≥75% luminal stenosis in coronary angiography (available in 611 of 873 patients), which was present in 118 of 611 patients (19%). For Kaplan-Meier analysis, we defined fatal cardiac events as lethal acute myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and graft failure. Stenotic microvasculopathy was present in 379 of 873 patients (43%) and was due to medial (345/379; 91%) rather than endothelial disease (2/379; 1%) or a combination of both (31/379; 8%; P &lt;0.001). Endothelial disease (median [95% CI], 12.07 [10.69 to 13.44] versus 12.73 years [10.16 to 15.30]; P =0.3329) and nonstenotic medial disease (12.44 [11.14 to 13.74] versus 12.43 years [10.51 to 14.35]; P =0.4047) did not decrease overall survival or time to fatal cardiac event. Stenotic microvasculopathy was associated with poor overall survival (10.90 [9.16 to 12.60] versus 13.40 years [11.79 to 15.07]; P =0.0374) and decreased freedom from fatal cardiac events (1, 5, 10 years, 95.6±1.4%, 86.9±2.3%, 75.5±3.1% versus 99.1±0.5%, 96.8±1.0%, 89.8±1.9%; P &lt;0.0001). This finding was independent of epicardial transplant vasculopathy ( P =0.0031). Conclusions— Stenotic microvasculopathy is frequent in routinely processed biopsies and a new prognostic factor for long-term survival after heart transplantation.
Red-Cell pH and Oxygen Affinity of Hemoglobin
Authors: Poul Astrup
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Displacement of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve by a change in carbon dioxide tension, discovered in 1904 by Bohr, Hasselbalch and Krogh1 and since named the Bohr effect, is caused by the effect of the concomitant pH change on the hemoglobin molecule. Although this effect of pH is an immediate one, a more sustained effect of pH on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin also exists.2 , 3 The latter is attributable to the influence of pH on the activity of glycolytic enzymes in the red cells, leading to changed concentrations of certain organic phosphoric compounds, especially 2,3-diphospho-glycerate (2,3-DPG), which has a marked influence . . .