tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for extrathymic changes in the T cell receptor gamma/delta repertoire.
Authors: C M Parker, V Groh, H Band, S A Porcelli, C Morita, M Fabbi, D Glass, J L Strominger, M B Brenner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The germline repertoire of variable genes for the TCR-gamma/delta is limited. This, together with the availability of several V delta-specific and a C delta-specific mAbs, has made it possible to assess differences in the TCR-gamma/delta repertoire in man. TCR-gamma/delta cells expressing particular V gene segments have been previously shown to be localized in different anatomical sites. In this study, analysis of TCR-gamma/delta V gene segment usage performed on subjects from the time of birth through adulthood revealed striking age-related changes in the TCR-gamma/delta repertoire in peripheral blood. V delta 1+ gamma/delta T cells predominated in thymus as well as in peripheral blood at birth and then persisted as a relatively constant proportion of CD3+ PBL. However, V delta 2+ gamma/delta T cells that constitute a small proportion of the CD3+ cells in thymus and in peripheral blood at birth, then expand and account for the major population of gamma/delta T cells in PBL in adults. No parallel postnatal expansion of V delta 2+ cells in the thymus was observed, even when paired thymus-peripheral blood specimens were obtained on subjects between the ages of 3 d and 8 yr. The subset of V delta 2+ lymphocytes that was expanded in peripheral blood expressed high levels of CD45RO suggesting prior activation of these cells, consistent with the possibility that their expansion might have resulted from exposure to foreign antigens or superantigens. In contrast, V delta 1+ T cells in PBL showed no comparable increase in relative numbers and were either negative or expressed only low levels of CD45RO. Consistent with evidence for extrathymic peripheral expansion of selective TCR-gamma/delta subsets, no link between MHC haplotype and differences in the TCR-gamma/delta V gene usage between individuals was apparent, and identical twins displayed TCR-gamma/delta variable gene segment phenotypes that were strikingly different from one another. The elements that determine the TCR-gamma/delta repertoire in individuals are not known. It is possible that both thymic selection and extrathymic factors may influence the peripheral repertoire. Recently, TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytes have been shown to expand markedly in peripheral lymphoid tissues and infectious lesions in response to mycobacterial antigens, and a correlation between mycobacterial responses and TCR-gamma/delta V gene usage has been shown in mice. The data presented here demonstrated peripheral age-related changes in the gamma/delta repertoire and point to the importance of extrathymic expansion of specific gamma/delta subsets in generating the human TCR-gamma/delta repertoire.
PRPF8 defects cause missplicing in myeloid malignancies
Authors: A. Kurtovic-Kozaric, B. Przychodzen, J. Singh, M. M. Konarska, M. J. Clemente, Z. K. Otrock, M. Nakashima, Eric D Hsi, K. Yoshida, Y. Shiraishi, K. Chiba, H. Tanaka, S. Miyano, S. Ogawa, J. Boultwood, H. Makishima, Jaroslaw P Maciejewski, Richard A Padgett
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
TREATMENT OF ACUTE INFECTIONS OF THE JOINT BY LAVAGE AND DIRECT MEDICATION
Authors: JOHN W. CHURCHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Since the publication of a paper 1 in 1915 in which a new method for the treatment of acute infections of joints, particularly of the knee joint, was described, I have been interested in the further development of the apparatus devised for this purpose and in the collection o f further clinical data as to the efficiency of the method. The rather crude machine described in my first article answered the purpose well, but there were a number of mechanical defects in it, and these made i t somewhat awkward. These defects have been entirely overcome, and an apparatus that is simple and efficient has now been devised, so that the problem of thorough irrigation and cleansing of a joint cavity is solved.  As I stated in my former article, any attempt to apply an antiseptic to the lining membrane of a joint, with the hope that this substance would
Lithium and Pregnancy--III, Lithium Ingestion by Children Breast-Fed by Women on Lithium Treatment
Authors: M. Schou, A. Amdisen
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Children breast-fed by women on lithium treatment ingested lithium with the milk. Their serum lithium concentration was one-third to one-half the concentration in the nursing women9s serum. Bottle-feeding should be considered for children of women on lithium treatment.
Fall in deaths from heart disease may be ending as Canada sees a rise in prevalence
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is rising in adults younger than 50 and people of lower socioeconomic status, a study has found ( CMAJ 2009 Jul 20, doi:10.1503/cmaj.081629).

“Our results indicate that young people are increasingly bearing the burden of cardiovascular risk factors,” said Douglas Lee, cardiologist and scientist at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, and the study’s lead author. “This is an important group because they are the ones who will predict future heart disease, and earlier onset of cardiovascular disease means potentially longer and more intensive treatment over their lifetime.” 

The study sampled Canadians aged 12 years and older from all socioeconomic and ethnic groups from 1994 to 2005. The prevalence of heart …
Diabetes, Blood Lipids, and the Role of Obesity in Coronary Heart Disease Risk for Women
Authors: TAVIA GORDON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Diabetes and a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level are associated with each other and with a higher coronary heart disease risk in women. Moreover, both are strongly associated with obesity. These findings are reported from the Framington Study, in which persons aged 49 to 82 were characterized, after overnight fast, for blood lipids by the method of Fredrickson and Levy and then followed for the subsequent development of coronary heart disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also associated with coronary heart disease risk in women, but fasting triglycerides were not associated with risk after allowing for the association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diabetes. A low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the presence of diabetes appeared to raise the coronary heart disease risk in women relative to that of men.
Caffeine and Headache
Authors: J. R. Harrie
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> One type of headache practically never diagnosed is that caused by caffeine. Caffeine and the other methylxanthines are used by most of us so frequently that we seldom suspect them as a cause of headache or other symptoms. Insomnia, nervousness, and cardiac arrhythmia are occasionally produced by coffee, tea, cola, cocoa, chocolate, analgesics, and awakeners. The symptoms are usually ignored. A patient of mine suffered from constant headaches day and night for more than two years. She took compound aspirin tablets constantly even though they provided incomplete relief. Exhaustive investigation by several physicians provided no diagnosis. Tension was suspected, but when the psychiatrist failed to find tension in her home life, he suggested that the headaches might have been caused by too much serenity in the home! Unable to accept that, as a last resort all medications and all sources of caffeine were discontinued. The patient has
Demonstration of peptide-specific and cross-reactive epitopes in proteins reacting with antimitochondrial antibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Marco Fusconi, Harold Baum, Adriana Caselli, Fabio Cassani, Giorgio Ballardini, Marco Lenzi, Umberto Volta, Daniela Zauli, Francesco B. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1992)
TEACHING OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY IN OUR MEDICAL SCHOOLS
Authors: SIDNEY K. SIMON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The Section on Gastro-Enterology and Proctology completes this year the first decade of its existence. The section was established in 1916, in answer to an insistent demand on the part of a constantly enlarging group of the Association membership for a specialized section covering affections of the upper and lower digestive tract. To those of us whose interest has been pledged to the advancement of the two great independent specialties represented, the event of the passing of the first milestone, so to speak, is one of no little importance. The record of the section's achievements during its initiatory period exhibits a full measure of outstanding accomplishments, both in the character and scope of the scientific material submitted, and in the evidence of the ardent interest on the part of the increasing numbers of those in attendance at our yearly sessions. Full credit and justification should thus be accorded the pioneers
Little benefit from mesalazine taken prophylactically after surgery for Crohn's disease
Authors: P RUTGEERTS
Journal: Gut (2001)

Little benefit from mesalazine taken prophylactically after surgery for Crohn's disease CommentaryThe main disadvantage of surgery for Crohn's disease is postoperative recurrence of disease even when all macroscopically involved bowel is removed.Risk factors for early recurrence are ileal or ileocolonic resection with ileocolonic anastomosis, heavy smoking, especially in females, and perforating type of disease.Within weeks to months after resection, new lesions can be visualised endoscopically just proximal to the ileocolonic anastomosis that will later evolve to full blown Crohn's disease.The placebo group in controlled recurrence prevention trials yielded symptomatic recurrence rates of about 20% at one year and 40% at two years.Subsequently there is a 10% increase in symptomatic recurrence per follow up year.Strategies to prevent recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileocolonic resection have been largely unsuccessful to
Amenorrhoea in Anorexia Nervosa: Assessment and Treatment with Clomiphene Citrate
Authors: J. C. Marshall, T. R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Seven patients with anorexia nervosa were studied, three during the acute stages of the illness, and four in whom weight gain had been achieved, but who suffered from persistent amenorrhoea of 18 to 79 months' duration.In the acute stage all patients had low serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels which were unresponsive to clomiphene citrate. In those who had regained weight the mean basal LH levels were normal, and they responded to clomiphene with an initial doubling of serum LH during administration of the drug, followed by a second peak of serum LH four to seven days after the drug was stopped. Menstruation occurred in these patients 13 to 19 days after the clomiphene was discontinued, and in two patients regular spontaneous menstruation was initiated.The low LH levels unresponsive to clomiphene in the acute stage provide evidence for a hypothalamic abnormality in anorexia nervosa. After regain of body weight the drug seems to be effective in treating the amenorrhoea which may be persistent.
Effects of Nitroglycerin on Regional Myocardial Blood Flow in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lawrence D. Horwitz, Richard Gorlin, Warren J. Taylor, Harvey G. Kemp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Regional myocardial blood flow before and after sublingual nitroglycerin was measured in 10 patients with coronary artery disease. During thoracotomy, (133)Xe was injected directly into the subepicardium in diseased regions of the anterior left ventricular wall, and washout rates were recorded with a scintillation counter. All disappearance curves were closely approximated by two exponential decays analyzed as two parallel flow systems by the compartmental method. The appearance of a double exponential decay pattern in diseased regions suggests that the slow phase was associated with collateral blood flow, although nonhomogeneous myocardium-to-blood partition coefficients for xenon cannot be excluded. Nitroglycerin increased the rapid phase flow in 9 of 10 patients and the slow flow in 7 of 10 patients. Average flow increased in 9 of the 10 patients (P < 0.01). Mean rapid phase flow in the control state was 110 ml/100 g per min and after nitroglycerin increased to 132 ml/100 g per min (P < 0.01); slow phase flow increased from 12 ml/100 g per min to 15 ml/100 g per min (P < 0.05). It is concluded that, under these conditions, nitroglycerin improves perfusion in regions of diseased myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease.
Value of holter monitoring in predicting long-term efficacy and inefficacy of amiodarone used alone and in combination with class 1A antiarrhythmic agents in patients with ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Soo G. Kim, Samuel D. Felder, Ilona Figura, Debra R. Johnston, Lawrence E. Waspe, John D. Fisher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Abstract 1070: Circadian transcriptional factor Period 2 modulates cyclin B1 expression
Authors: Jianhua Yang, Carla V. Finkielstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The proper timing of cell division is a major factor contributing to the regulation of normal growth and emerges as a fundamental process in the development of most cancers. The existence in most, if not all, living organisms of many behavioral and physiological events that occur at well-defined and controlled times argues for the presence of time-keeping systems that allow them to adapt to cyclic changes in environmental conditions. Disruption of circadian rhythm has recently emerged as a new potential risk factor in the development of cancer, pointing to the core gene period 2 (per2) as a tumor suppressor. However, it remains unclear how the circadian network regulates tumor suppression. In the present study, we use cDNA microarray analysis to identify Per2 target genes following siRNA knock-down expression of Per2 in mouse hepatocytes AML12 cells. We identified cyclin B1, a key G2/M regulator of the cell cycle, as a downstream target gene that is negatively regulated by Per2 under normal conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed our observations by showing cyclin B1 expression is enhanced under Per2 knock-down condition. Accordingly, Bmal1 expression, a target gene of Per2, was specifically augmented under Per2 over-expression conditions. Further experiments focused in characterizing the regulation of the human cyclin B1 promoter by Per2 using luciferase reporter assays. Results show cyclin B1 reporter activity is enhanced in siPer2 transfected cells compared to control scrambled siRNA. Promoter analysis defined the region comprising −484 to −284 of human cyclin B1 promoter containing response elements for gene trans-activation while the region between −284-1 is mainly responsible for Per2 regulation. Our results show the canonical E-box between −284-1 is not required for Per2 regulation of cyclin B1, suggesting non-canonical E-boxes might be directly responsible for Per2-mediated expression. FACS analysis revealed that siPer2 treated cells exhibit a reduced G2/M phase with correspondingly higher cyclin B1 protein levels and reduced Tyr-15-cdc2 phosphorylation compared to scrambled siRNA treated cells. Our previous results show Per2 stability is directly controlled by the endogenous levels of heme whose endogenous levels oscillate in a 24 h cycle. Here, we evaluated whether cyclin B1 expression is altered in heme-treated cells. In contrast to its up-regulation in siPer2 treated cells, luciferase reporter assay showed a decrease in cyclin B1 promoter activity in response to heme treatment. These results may reflect a complex pattern of regulation in which Per2 acts as a sensor molecule to monitor changes in both environmental and cellular conditions that will impact cell progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1070.
Renalase is a novel target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in protection against cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Meng Du, Kun Huang, Dan Huang, Liu Yang, Lu Gao, Xiaojing Wang, Dandan Huang, Xiangrao Li, Cheng Wang, Fengxiao Zhang, Yan Wang, Min Cheng, Qiangsong Tong, Gangjian Qin, Kai Huang, Lin Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

AimsRenalase, an enzyme that can metabolize catecholamine, was recently reported to attenuate the ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cardiac injury. This work was undertaken to investigate the functions and regulation mechanisms of renalase in protection against cardiac I/R injury.
Are Placebos in Advanced Cancer Trials Ethically Justified?
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ATLANTA—While the value of including placebo groups in clinical trials is undisputed, whether and how to give placebos to patients with advanced cancer and to other terminally ill individuals is not so clear. Individuals with expertise in ethics, regulation, and clinical trial design weighed in on the question at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in June. In the past, patients with advanced cancers were never given placebos in clinical trials. For one thing, using a placebo was not usually feasible in blinded studies because of the toxic effects of traditional cytotoxic agents. But now, with the development of molecularly targeted agents, there are reduced adverse effects that make it conceivable to randomize patients to a placebo in such trials. But ethical issues remain. “Is it ethical to randomize a terminally ill patient to a placebo when, in the absence of the trial, a physician would give agents with the intent of improving the quantity and quality of life?” asked Christopher Daugherty, MD, of the University of Chicago.
Arguments in editorial were not "biologically implausible"
Authors: K. McPherson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In a news article Woodman reports that “controversy about the contraceptive pill and its effect on the risk of breast cancer was rekindled” in an editorial that I wrote in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1 The editorial was intended in part to reduce undue complacency about the safety of the pill. Ex cathedra statements by Professor John Guillebaud in Woodman's article—that my argument “is biologically implausible”—need to be well justified, since …
Nocturnal Respiratory Rate Predicts Non–Sudden Cardiac Death in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michael Dommasch, Daniel Sinnecker, Petra Barthel, Alexander Müller, Ralf J. Dirschinger, Alexander Hapfelmeier, Katharina M. Huster, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Marek Malik, Georg Schmidt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Physician-Oriented Data Processing
Authors: Samuel Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1975)

PATIENT care as a primary objective of the laboratory computer has often been overlooked by people who design laboratory systems. The clinical pathologists, microbiologists, chemists, hospital administrators, laboratory equipment manufacturers, and especially the computer designers have frequently tried to decide what the laboratory itself needs, and what kind of services it will provide, rather than asking what the physician needs and wants from the laboratory for the care of his patients. There has been a fairly high degree of agreement within the computer industry as to what the clinical laboratory needs and wants, although in practice their systems have not achieved widespread success (fewer than 3% of clinical laboratories have computer systems<sup>1</sup>). Computer industry proposals usually call for a high degree of automation and for complete computerization of the clinical laboratory. The systems proposed are usually based on large central computers to be used for all hospital data processing
Smallpox and Vaccination in Japan
Authors: Jay Frank Schamberg
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The opponents of vaccination in England and in the United States are circulating the statistics of smallpox in Japan in recent years with a view to discrediting the prophylactic effect of vaccination in that country. They point out that Japan, which is supposed to be a thoroughly vaccinated country, has had, in the twenty years from 1889 to 1908, 171,500 cases of smallpox, and that in 1908 there were 18,139 cases. If the inhabitants of Japan were all thoroughly well vaccinated, these figures would seriously challenge the effectiveness of vaccination as a preventive measure against smallpox. There is, however, information at hand to show that a very large number of Japanese subjects have not been successfully vaccinated, and this information comes to us from an unimpeachable and authentic source. Dr. T. Amako, director of the Municipal Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Kobe, Japan, has recently published an
The Dynamics of the Heart in Complete A-V Block
Authors: JOHN LIND, CARL WEGELIUS, HENRIK LICHTENSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The conduction disturbances in atrioventricular block are well known from numerous electrocardiographic studies, but the effect on the heart work, especially on the individual chambers, could not be recorded before the introduction of visualization of the heart chambers by angiocardiography. Rapid biplane angiocardiography with simultaneous electrocardiographic yields information on cardiac dynamics not available by procedures with a purely static anatomic perception.
WHO urges action on drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The World Health Organization has called on governments to intensify efforts to counter the growing epidemic of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. It wants them to commit more funds for new drugs and diagnostics and to boost capacity for treatment.

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis is implicated in 5% of new cases, a WHO report says. Almost 490 000 cases were identified in 2006, out of a total of nine million new cases of tuberculosis.

“Tuberculosis drug resistance needs a frontal assault. If countries and the international community fail to address it aggressively now we will lose this battle,” said Mario Raviglione, director of WHO’s Stop TB campaign.

Paul Dunn, WHO coordinator for drug resistance and tuberculosis-HIV, told the BMJ that he was concerned that “the level of awareness of tuberculosis programmes by public health officials and …
Lesions About the Junction of Medulla and Spinal Cord
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1974)

TO ERR in the diagnosis of a relievable disorder is a tragedy. A readily missed and usually eminently relievable lesion of the nervous system is one about the junction of the medulla and cervical spinal cord (a junction lesion). Here, the arrangement of nervous structures and their blood supply<sup>1</sup>is such as to result in a multiplicity and variance of symptoms and signs from patient to patient, signs that may come and go. A recent leading article in<i>The Lancet'</i><sup>2</sup>called attention to missed foramen magnum tumors. Aneurysms and subarachnoid cysts in this locale, characterized by remission and exacerbation, test diagnostic acumen. The most common mistake in diagnosis has been to call these troubles "multiple sclerosis," and perhaps next most common, "cervical spondylosis." A sign of multiple sclerosis, the tingling shock that occurs on first flexing the neck (Lhermitte sign) has been found in junction lesions. Also, horizontal