tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors Make a Difference in Glycemic Control
Authors: Helen Jones, Lynn Edwards, T. Michael Vallis, Laurie Ruggiero, Susan R. Rossi, Joseph S. Rossi, Geoffrey Greene, James O. Prochaska, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—This study compared diabetes Treatment As Usual (TAU) with Pathways To Change (PTC), an intervention developed from the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM), to determine whether the PTC intervention would result in greater readiness to change, greater increases in self-care, and improved diabetes control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Participants were stratified by diabetes treatment and randomized to treatment with PTC or TAU as well as being randomized regarding receipt of free blood testing strips. The PTC consisted of stage-matched personalized assessment reports, self-help manuals, newsletters, and individual phone counseling designed to improve readiness for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), healthy eating, and/or smoking cessation. A total of 1,029 individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who were in one of three pre-action stages for either SMBG, healthy eating, or smoking were recruited. RESULTS—For the SMBG intervention, 43.4% of those receiving PTC plus strips moved to an action stage, as well as 30.5% of those receiving PTC alone, 27.0% of those receiving TAU plus strips, and 18.4% of those receiving TAU alone (P &amp;lt; 0.001). For the healthy eating intervention, more participants who received PTC than TAU (32.5 vs. 25.8%) moved to action or maintenance (P &amp;lt; 0.001). For the smoking intervention, more participants receiving PTC (24.3%) than TAU (13.4%) moved to an action stage (P &amp;lt; 0.03). In intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of those receiving the SMBG intervention, PTC resulted in a greater reduction of HbA1c than TAU, but this did not reach statistical significance. However, in those who moved to an action stage for the SMBG and healthy eating interventions, HbA1c was significantly reduced (P &amp;lt; 0 0.001). Individuals who received the healthy eating intervention decreased their percentage of calories from fat to a greater extent (35.2 vs. 36.1%, P = 0.004), increased servings of fruit per day (1.89 vs. 1.68, P = 0.016), and increased vegetable servings (2.24 vs. 2.06, P = 0.011) but did not decrease weight. However, weight loss for individuals who received the healthy eating intervention and who increased SMBG frequency as recommended was significantly greater, with a 0.26-kg loss in those who remained in a pre-action SMBG stage but a 1.78-kg loss in those performed SMBG as recommended (P ≤ 0. 01). CONCLUSIONS—This study demonstrates that this intervention has the potential of positively impacting the health of broad populations of individuals with diabetes, not just the minority who are ready for change.
Responsiveness and minimum clinically important difference of the 4 metre gait speed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Samantha S.C. Kon, Jane L. Canavan, Amy L. Clark, Claire M. Nolan, Sarah E. Jones, Paul Cullinan, Michael I. Polkey, William D.-C. Man
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Gait speed is a consistent predictor of adverse outcomes such as disability and mortality in community elders (Studenski 2011). We have recently shown that the 4 metre gait speed (4GS) is a quick, reliable measure in COPD patients that correlates with exercise capacity and health related quality of life (Kon 2012).   Aim  To determine the responsiveness of 4GS to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and longitudinal change; determine the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MID) of 4GS in COPD.   Methods  4GS, ISW (incremental shuttle walk), MRC and SGRQ (St.George’s Respiratory Questionnaire) were measured pre and post an 8-week PR programme in 301 COPD patients. In 139 patients, 4GS was measured 1 year apart. Paired t tests were used to compare outcomes with PR. Correlations between change in 4MGS and other measures were assessed using Pearson’s correlation. MID was assessed using distribution and anchor based methods.   Results  Baseline characteristics: age 71years (64,76); FEV 1 pred 49%(32,63); MRC3 (2,4); M:F 165:136. There was a significant change in 4GS with PR (mean change 0.08m/s, p 47.5m) at 1 year showed a mean change of -0.11m/s.   Conclusion  The 4GS in a simple to use assessment tool which is responsive to PR and changes with time. Distribution and anchor based methods support a MID of 0.11m/s.
The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on bone mineral density: a study of female twins
Authors: F M K Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Osteoporosis is associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly in postmenopausal women. The effect of moderate alcohol intake on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk remains unclear. <b>Objective:</b> To carry out a twin study to investigate this effect while controlling for genetic effects and other confounding variables. <b>Methods:</b> BMD was determined at the hip and lumbar spine in 46 pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for alcohol consumption. Biochemical evidence of altered bone metabolism was sought. <b>Results:</b> A positive association between alcohol consumption and BMD was shown, in contrast to the negative effect of smoking on BMD. Markers of bone turnover were not associated with alcohol or BMD. <b>Conclusions:</b> Moderate alcohol consumption is not harmful to bone health in women and may even be beneficial. Beneficial effects do not appear to be mediated through an action on bone metabolism.
Impaired Langerhans cell migration in psoriasis
Authors: Marie Cumberbatch, Minal Singh, Rebecca J. Dearman, Helen S. Young, Ian Kimber, Christopher E.M. Griffiths
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

We have examined whether psoriasis is associated with systemic effects on epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) function and, specifically, the migration of LCs from the skin. Compared with normal skin, the frequency and morphology of epidermal LCs in uninvolved skin from patients with psoriasis was normal. However, mobilization of these cells in response to stimuli that normally induce migration (chemical allergen, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) was largely absent, despite the fact that treatment with TNF-α and IL-1β was associated with comparable inflammatory reactions in patients and controls. The failure of LC migration from uninvolved skin was not attributable to altered expression of receptors for IL-1β or TNF-α that are required for mobilization, nor was there an association with induced cutaneous cytokine expression. Although a role for altered dynamics of LC migration/turnover has not been formally excluded, these data reveal a very consistent decrement of LC function in psoriasis that may play a decisive role in disease pathogenesis.
Common variant in MTNR1B associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired early insulin secretion
Authors: Valeriya Lyssenko, Cecilia L F Nagorny, Michael R Erdos, Nils Wierup, Anna Jonsson, Peter Spégel, Marco Bugliani, Richa Saxena, Malin Fex, Nicolo Pulizzi, Bo Isomaa, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Peter Nilsson, Johanna Kuusisto, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Michael Boehnke, David Altshuler, Frank Sundler, Johan G Eriksson, Anne U Jackson, Markku Laakso, Piero Marchetti, Richard M Watanabe, Hindrik Mulder, Leif Groop
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Outbreak of multidrug-resistant TB in a cyber-gaming cafe
Authors: Yee Tang Wang, Cynthia Chee, Suay Hong Gan, Jeffery Cutter, Jayne Lim, Suhana Solhan, Peng Lim Ooi, Chwee Kim Koh, Han Kee Lim, Li-Hwei Sng, Li-yang Hsu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Traditional foci of TB transmission are households, workplaces and congregate settings where it is assumed that the maximum exposure occurs. In recent years, modern living and an inexorable urbanisation in crowded cities have spawned new patterns of behaviour.

We describe an outbreak of MDRTB which seemed to begin in a single cyber-gaming cafe as its nucleus. In addition to the Index Case, 4 other cases of MDRTB emerged in the subsequent months; all having identical genotypic fingerprints by the spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR methods.

We will describe the 5 cases, their epidemiologic linkage, and the public health action taken to date.

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To our knowledge, this is the first report of MDRTB spread in the setting of cyber gaming cafes. It is ironical that the “virtual world”, which has oft been blamed for reducing social interactions, is responsible for the congregation of adolescents and young adults for hours-on-end in conditions conducive to the transmission of infectious disease.
Chemokine-coupled β2 integrin–induced macrophage Rac2–Myosin IIA interaction regulates VEGF-A mRNA stability and arteriogenesis
Authors: Alan R. Morrison, Timur O. Yarovinsky, Bryan D. Young, Filipa Moraes, Tyler D. Ross, Nicolle Ceneri, Jiasheng Zhang, Zhen W. Zhuang, Albert J. Sinusas, Ruggero Pardi, Martin A. Schwartz, Michael Simons, Jeffrey R. Bender
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Myeloid cells are important contributors to arteriogenesis, but their key molecular triggers and cellular effectors are largely unknown. We report, in inflammatory monocytes, that the combination of chemokine receptor (CCR2) and adhesion receptor (β2 integrin) engagement leads to an interaction between activated Rac2 and Myosin 9 (Myh9), the heavy chain of Myosin IIA, resulting in augmented vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression and induction of arteriogenesis. In human monocytes, CCL2 stimulation coupled to ICAM-1 adhesion led to rapid nuclear-to-cytosolic translocation of the RNA-binding protein HuR. This activation of HuR and its stabilization of VEGF-A mRNA were Rac2-dependent, and proteomic analysis for Rac2 interactors identified the 226 kD protein Myh9. The level of induced Rac2–Myh9 interaction strongly correlated with the degree of HuR translocation. CCL2-coupled ICAM-1 adhesion-driven HuR translocation and consequent VEGF-A mRNA stabilization were absent in Myh9−/− macrophages. Macrophage VEGF-A production, ischemic tissue VEGF-A levels, and flow recovery to hind limb ischemia were impaired in myeloid-specific Myh9−/− mice, despite preserved macrophage recruitment to the ischemic muscle. Micro-CT arteriography determined the impairment to be defective induced arteriogenesis, whereas developmental vasculogenesis was unaffected. These results place the macrophage at the center of ischemia-induced arteriogenesis, and they establish a novel role for Myosin IIA in signal transduction events modulating VEGF-A expression in tissue.
IMPACT OF IMAGING METHODOLOGY ON MEASUREMENTS OF AORTIC SIZE IN PATIENTS WITH THORACIC AORTIC ANEURYSMS - RESULTS FROM THE GENTAC IMAGING DATABASE
Authors: Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Joseph Daoko, Jamie C. Fong, Sonia Sethi, Dorinna D. Mendoza, Richard B. Devereux, Craig T. Basson, Kathryn Holmes, Poyee P. Tung, Dianna M. Milewicz, Reed Pyeritz, Cheryl Maslen, Barbara Kroner, Donald Brambilla, H.E. Tolunay, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Kim Eagle, on behalf of the GenTAC study investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Isoform-Specific Regulation by <i>N</i> <sup>G</sup> , <i>N</i> <sup>G</sup> -Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase of Rat Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Vascular Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor/NO
Authors: Dan Wang, Pritmohinder S. Gill, Tinatin Chabrashvili, Maristela L. Onozato, Julie Raggio, Margarida Mendonca, Kathryn Dennehy, Min Li, Paul Modlinger, James Leiper, Patrick Vallance, Oscar Adler, Anna Leone, Akihiro Tojo, William J. Welch, Christopher S. Wilcox
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which inhibits NO synthase, is inactivated by N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). We tested whether DDAH-1 or -2 regulates serum ADMA (S(ADMA)) and/or endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)/NO. Small inhibitory (si)RNAs targeting DDAH-1 or -2, or an siRNA control were given intravenously to rats. After 72 hours, EDRF/NO was assessed from acetylcholine-induced, NO synthase-dependent relaxation and 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate for NO activity in isolated mesenteric resistance vessels (MRVs). Expression of mRNA for DDAH-1 versus -2 was 2- and 7-fold higher in the kidney cortex and liver, respectively, whereas expression of DDAH-2 versus -1 was 5-fold higher in MRVs. The proteins and mRNAs for DDAH-1 or -2 were reduced selectively by 35% to 85% in the kidney cortex, liver, and MRVs 72 hours following the corresponding siRNA. S(ADMA) was increased only after siDDAH-1 (266+/-25 versus 342+/-39 [mean+/-SD] nmol x L(-1); P<0.005), whereas EDRF/NO responses and NO activity were not changed consistently by siDDAH-1 but were greatly reduced after siDDAH-2. Mean arterial pressure was not changed significantly by any siRNA. In conclusion, S(ADMA) is regulated by DDAH-1, which is expressed at sites of ADMA metabolism in the kidney cortex and liver, whereas EDRF/NO is regulated primarily by DDAH-2, which is expressed strongly in blood vessels. This implies specific functions of DDAH isoforms.
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis type of IgA pemphigus: demonstration of autoantibodies to desmocollin-1 and clinical review
Authors: H. Yasuda, H. Kobayashi, T. Hashimoto, K. Itoh, M. Yamane, J. Nakamura
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

We describe a 40-year-old Japanese man with a 3-year history of vesiculopustular lesions resembling subcorneal pustular dermatosis. Histopathology showed subcorneal pustules containing a few acantholytic cells, and direct immunofluorescence disclosed IgA deposition in the intercellular space of the upper epidermis. Circulating IgA autoantibodies of very low titre were also demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. A novel cDNA transfection technique clearly detected IgA autoantibodies reactive with human desmocollin-1. Combined therapy with dapsone and etretinate improved the skin lesions. We review the clinical features of 49 patients in the literature who presented with vesiculopustular lesions and intraepidermal IgA deposition.
Response to Letter Regarding Article by Banki et al, “Acute Neurocardiogenic Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage”
Authors: Nader M. Banki, Alexander Kopelnik, Michael W. Dae, Jacob Miss, Poyee Tung, Michael T. Lawton, Barbara J. Drew, Elyse Foster, Wade Smith, William W. Parmley, Jonathan G. Zaroff
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Acute Neurocardiogenic Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage"We were very interested to read Dr Gnecchi-Ruscone's comments regarding our article. 1Similar to stress cardiomyopathy (SC), elevated catecholamine levels are frequently observed after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 2 In our series, the mean plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were 129Ϯ102 pg/mL and 372Ϯ494 pg/mL, respectively. 3The majority of the levels are lower than those reported for SC, 4 though the difference may be explained by the fact that our samples were drawn an average of 5 days after SAH symptom onset; catecholamine levels may have been higher closer to the time of hemorrhage.In our cohort, we observed 2 strikingly different patterns of regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) of the left ventricle (LV).Some patients with SAH do have extensive apical RWMAs consistent with those observed in SC.Others, however, have RWMAs that affect only the base of the LV and have hyperdynamic function of the apex. 5In the majority of cases, both patterns of RWMA resolve during the hospitalization.Why neurological injury and/or psychological stress result in 2 such divergent LV phenotypes is currently unclear, though the apexsparing pattern matches the typical distribution of the myocardial sympathetic nerves (less innervation at the apex).Similar to what is seen in SC, women are more likely then men to have neurocardiogenic injury after SAH. 6 The rate of cardiac troponin I release (Ͼ1 mg/dL) was 25% for women versus 9% for men.After adjusting for relevant covariates, the odds ratio for a cardiac troponin I level Ͼ1 for female gender was 35 (95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 495, Pϭ0.009).The higher rate of cardiac injury among women with both SC and SAH does suggest that women are more susceptible to cardiac dysfunction in the setting of increased sympathetic activation.
Heberden Oration, 1974. Human arthritis applied to animal models. Towards a better therapy.
Authors: D A Willoughby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Glynn arthritis -ve O Coverslip 2 d ±, 7 d -ve -5 Coverslip 2 d +ve, 7 d +ve O UV erythema -ve
Increased vascular endothelial cell markers in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Hideo Wada, Kouzou Minamikawa, Yoshihiro Wakita, Tutomu Nakase, Toshihiro Kaneko, Michiaki Ohiwa, Shigehisa Tamaki, Katsumi Deguchi, Shigeru Shirakawa, Tatsuya Hayashi, Koji Suzuki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We examined vascular endothelial cell markers, thrombomodulin (TM), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐l (PAI‐I), tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA), and von Willebrand factor, in 80 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The levels of thrombin‐antithrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin‐α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) and FDP‐D‐dimer were significantly increased both before and after the onset of DIC, but were not correlated with organ failure or prognosis. However, the PIC/TAT ratio was lower in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis, and it was also lower in those with organ failure than in those without. Plasma TM, PAI‐I, and t‐PA levels were increased in DIC patients with organ failure or poor outcome, but were not significantly increased before the onset of DIC. We consider that the prognosis of patients with DIC might be related to organ failure or endothelial cell damage and that plasma levels of TM, PAI‐I, and t‐PA might be useful in the detection of these disorders and in assessing prognosis. A hypofibrinolytic state might enhance organ failure in patients with DIC. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional Diseases of the Uterus
Authors: T. S. Beck
Journal: BMJ (1851)

WHEN I decided to draw the attention of the members of this Society to the Functional Diseases of the Uterus, I soon became convinced that only a fraction of the questions which this subject naturally gives rise to could be considered, during the short space of time which is allotted to the reading of a paper; and hence arose a fresh difficulty, viz., the selection of the points most worthy of consideration.After some thought, I have come to the conclusion, that the most practical method of treating the subject will be to take a case which has occurred in practice, to detail the history, symptoms, and treatment, and then to consider what conclusions can be drawn from the facts thus brought forward.
Hypercytokinaemia accompanies HIV-tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: R. Tadokera, G. Meintjes, K.H. Skolimowska, K.A. Wilkinson, K. Matthews, R. Seldon, N.N. Chegou, G. Maartens, M.X. Rangaka, K. Rebe, G. Walzl, R.J. Wilkinson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Increased access to combination antiretroviral therapy in areas co-endemic for tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-1 infection is associated with an increased incidence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) whose cause is poorly understood. A case-control analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in TB-IRIS patients sampled at clinical presentation, and similar control patients with HIV-TB prescribed combined antiretroviral therapy who did not develop TB-IRIS. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence or absence of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis for 6 and 24 h. Stimulation with M. tuberculosis increased the abundance of many cytokine transcripts with interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) being greater in stimulated TB-IRIS cultures. Analysis of the corresponding proteins in culture supernatants, revealed increased IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IFN-γ, GM-CSF and TNF in TB-IRIS cultures. In serum, higher concentrations of TNF, IL-6, and IFN-γ were observed in TB-IRIS patients. Serum IL-6 and TNF decreased during prednisone therapy in TB-IRIS patients. These data suggest that cytokine release contributes to pathology in TB-IRIS. IL-6 and TNF were consistently elevated and decreased in serum during corticosteroid therapy. Specific blockade of these cytokines may be rational approach to immunomodulation in TB-IRIS.
Epigenetic regulation of CpG promoter methylation in invasive prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lesley A Mathews, Elaine M Hurt, Xiaohu Zhang, William L Farrar
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Recently, much attention has been focused on gaining a better understanding of the different populations of cells within a tumor and their contribution to cancer progression. One of the most commonly used methods to isolate a more aggressive sub-population of cells utilizes cell sorting based on expression of certain cell adhesion molecules. A recently established method we developed is to isolate these more aggressive cells based on their properties of increased invasive ability. These more invasive cells have been previously characterized as tumor initiating cells (TICs) that have a stem-like genomic signature and express a number of stem cell genes including Oct3/4 and Nanog and are more tumorigenic compared to their 'non-invasive' counterpart. They also have a profile reminiscent of cells undergoing a classic pattern of epithelial to mesenchymal transition or EMT. Using this model of invasion, we sought to investigate which genes are under epigenetic control in this rare population of cells. Epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, are key events regulating the process of normal human development. To determine the specific methylation pattern in these invasive prostate cells, and if any developmental genes were being differentially regulated, we analyzed differences in global CpG promoter methylation. Results Differentially methylated genes were determined and select genes were chosen for additional analyses. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase BMX and transcription factor SOX1 were found to play a significant role in invasion. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed the methylated gene list frequently displayed genes from the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Cells which have decreased levels of the targets BMX and SOX1 also display loss of STAT3 activity. Finally, using Oncomine, it was determined that more aggressive metastatic prostate cancers in humans also have higher levels of both Stat3 and Sox1 . Conclusions Using this method we can begin to understand which genes are epigenetically regulated in the invasive population compared to the bulk tumor cells. These aggressive sub-populations of cells may be linked to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, making their patterns of epigenetic regulation very attractive for biomarker analysis.
Intensified chemotherapy with ACVBP plus rituximab versus standard CHOP plus rituximab for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LNH03-2B): an open-label randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Christian Récher, Bertrand Coiffier, Corinne Haioun, Thierry Jo Molina, Christophe Fermé, Olivier Casasnovas, Catherine Thiéblemont, André Bosly, Guy Laurent, Franck Morschhauser, Hervé Ghesquières, Fabrice Jardin, Serge Bologna, Christophe Fruchart, Bernadette Corront, Jean Gabarre, Christophe Bonnet, Maud Janvier, Danielle Canioni, Jean-Philippe Jais, Gilles Salles, Hervé Tilly
Journal: The Lancet (2011)