tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cloning and sequencing of murine T3 gamma cDNA from a subtractive cDNA library.
Authors: W G Haser, H Saito, T Koyama, S Tonegawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The coding sequences of the murine and human T3 gamma chains are of identical length (182 amino acids) and contain a remarkable conservation of residues. The most striking observation is the high degree of homology between the murine and human cytosolic domains (89%), suggesting that the effector function of the T3 complex may be extremely similar or identical within human and murine lymphocytes. Both murine and human T lymphocytes can express two T3 gamma mRNA transcripts, suggesting that a second polyadenylation signal is present downstream. A poly(A) tail is not found in the 3' untranslated region of the murine gamma presented here, indicating that the murine clones analyzed represent mRNA generated by reading through the overlapping poly(A) signals at position 850-860 and possibly terminating at a position that would produce the 1.0 kb transcript.
Accuracy of a Continuous Real-Time ECG Dysrhythmia Monitoring System
Authors: FRANK YANOWITZ, PLATO KINIAS, DAVID RAWLING, HARRY A. FOZZARD
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The accuracy of QRS detection and premature ventricular beat (PVB) recognition by an on-line computer system was evaluated in a prospective study. Long-term studies in six cardiac patients and short term studies in thirty revealed a QRS detection accuracy of 99%. PVB accuracy was tested in twenty-eight patients for a total time of 415 minutes. About 10% of the heart beats in this group were recognized as PVBs by the cardiologist; 90% of these were correctly identified by the computer system. False positive PVBs were less than 1% of the PVBs. The major types of PVBs missed were fusion beats and late PVBs. Some were unrecognized because of coincident excessive movement artifact. The computer system appeared to be sufficiently reliable to warrant further clinical studies.
In vivo regulation of interleukin 1β in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes
Authors: Helen J. Lachmann, Philip Lowe, Sandra Daniela Felix, Christiane Rordorf, Kieron Leslie, Sheril Madhoo, Helmut Wittkowski, Stephan Bek, Nicole Hartmann, Sophie Bosset, Philip N. Hawkins, Thomas Jung
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

The investigation of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in human inflammatory diseases is hampered by the fact that it is virtually undetectable in human plasma. We demonstrate that by administering the anti–human IL-1β antibody canakinumab (ACZ885) to humans, the resulting formation of IL-1β–antibody complexes allowed the detection of in vivo–produced IL-1β. A two-compartment mathematical model was generated that predicted a constitutive production rate of 6 ng/d IL-1β in healthy subjects. In contrast, patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), a rare monogenetic disease driven by uncontrolled caspase-1 activity and IL-1 production, produced a mean of 31 ng/d. Treatment with canakinumab not only induced long-lasting complete clinical response but also reduced the production rate of IL-1β to normal levels within 8 wk of treatment, suggesting that IL-1β production in these patients was mainly IL-1β driven. The model further indicated that IL-1β is the only cytokine driving disease severity and duration of response to canakinumab. A correction for natural IL-1 antagonists was not required to fit the data. Together, the study allowed new insights into the production and regulation of IL-1β in man. It also indicated that CAPS is entirely mediated by IL-1β and that canakinumab treatment restores physiological IL-1β production.
Aminophylline in bradyasystolic cardiac arrest: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Riyad B Abu-Laban, Caroline M McIntyre, James M Christenson, Catherina A van Beek, Grant D Innes, Robin K O'Brien, Karen P Wanger, R Douglas McKnight, Kenneth G Gin, Peter J Zed, Jeffrey Watts, Joe Puskaric, Iain A MacPhail, Ross G Berringer, Ruth A Milner
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
Hypoglycemia After Antimicrobial Drug Prescription for Older Patients Using Sulfonylureas
Authors: Trisha M. Parekh, Mukaila Raji, Yu-Li Lin, Alai Tan, Yong-Fang Kuo, James S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Certain antimicrobial drugs interact with sulfonylureas to increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some Unusual but Instructive Surgical Emergencies
Authors: H. D. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1950)

If the cause of acute symptoms is clear, proper treatment is begun without delay, including, if necessary, a well-placed incision. Only too often, however, the diagnosis is in doubt even in common conditions ; and in uncommon ones the delays and difficulties are obviously increased. The delays which occur are shown by the following eight cases, only two of which were admitted to hospital within twelve hours of the onset of the symptoms, two being delayed for two days, two for three days, one for seven days, and one for ten days. The difficulties in diagnosis are seen in the case reports which follow, and in the litera ture : for instance, in strangulation of the stomach in a diaphragmatic hernia operation is commonly delayed until gangrene has occurred (Warren, 1919), in biliary peritonitis a wrong diagnosis is usual (Fifield, 1926), and in strangula tion of gut through a hole in the greater omentum a correct diagnosis has not been reported. The following histories, with a brief discussion of the literature, are therefore presented in the hope that they may help in the diagnosis and treatment of future cases.
Short term outcome of isolated tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL); a series of 152 cases
Authors: Dushantha Madegedara, Manjula Weerakoon, Duminda Yasaratne, Damith Nandadeva, Hansa Kumara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim To assess the short-term outcome of TBL, in an endemic setting with intermediate disease burden.

Setting Respiratory Unit II, Kandy, Sri Lanka.

Methodology A descriptive case series from TB registry, Jan 2008 - Dec 2011.

Results Out of total 3410 TB patients, 933 (27%) were extrapulmonary. 152 (86 females; mean age 36.0 years) had isolated lymphadenitis. Cervical nodes were the commonest involved in 79%. 144 had histological and/or microbiological confirmation, while 8 were treated on strong clinical grounds.

49 (34%) of confirmed cases did not respond to initial six month course of category I anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT), but all responded to prolonged or alternative therapy. Some of them required category II ATT, while repeat LN biopsy showed coexisting fungal & atypical mycobacterial disease in a few. Five with large residual nodes had them surgically excised. Among the empirically treated cases, alternative or coexisting diagnoses including malignancy and lymphoma, were made in 5 (62%) on early reassessment.

![Figure][1] 



All were HIV negative and drug resistance not identified in the group. Only 9 developed major adverse reactions (hepatitis 8, vestibular neuronitis 1) to ATT.

Conclusion TBL showed a varying response to a six month course of category I ATT. One third of confirmed cases warranted treatment modifications for good response in our setting. Majority of empirically treated cases had alternative diagnoses.

 [1]: pending:yes
Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Using Genetically Engineered Antibody-Streptavidin Fusion Proteins for Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Steven I. Park, Jaideep Shenoi, Shani M. Frayo, Donald K. Hamlin, Yukang Lin, D. Scott Wilbur, Patrick S. Stayton, Nural Orgun, Mark Hylarides, Franz Buchegger, Aimee L. Kenoyer, Amanda Axtman, Ajay K. Gopal, Damian J. Green, John M. Pagel, Oliver W. Press
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) using streptavidin (SAv)-biotin technology can deliver higher therapeutic doses of radioactivity to tumors than conventional RIT. However, “endogenous” biotin can interfere with the effectiveness of this approach by blocking binding of radiolabeled biotin to SAv. We engineered a series of SAv FPs that downmodulate the affinity of SAv for biotin, while retaining high avidity for divalent DOTA-bis-biotin to circumvent this problem. Experimental Design: The single-chain variable region gene of the murine 1F5 anti-CD20 antibody was fused to the wild-type (WT) SAv gene and to mutant SAv genes, Y43A-SAv and S45A-SAv. FPs were expressed, purified, and compared in studies using athymic mice bearing Ramos lymphoma xenografts. Results: Biodistribution studies showed delivery of more radioactivity to tumors of mice pretargeted with mutant SAv FPs followed by 111In-DOTA-bis-biotin [6.2 ± 1.7% of the injected dose per gram (%ID/gm) of tumor 24 hours after Y43A-SAv FP and 5.6 ± 2.2%ID/g with S45A-SAv FP] than in mice on normal diets pretargeted with WT-SAv FP (2.5 ± 1.6%ID/g; P = 0.01). These superior biodistributions translated into superior antitumor efficacy in mice treated with mutant FPs and 90Y-DOTA-bis-biotin [tumor volumes after 11 days: 237 ± 66 mm3 with Y43A-SAv, 543 ± 320 mm3 with S45A-SAv, 1129 ± 322 mm3 with WT-SAv, and 1435 ± 212 mm3 with control FP (P &amp;lt; 0.0001)]. Conclusions: Genetically engineered mutant-SAv FPs and bis-biotin reagents provide an attractive alternative to current SAv-biotin PRIT methods in settings where endogenous biotin levels are high. Clin Cancer Res; 17(23); 7373–82. ©2011 AACR.
CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Yi-Qiang Chen, Huan-Zhong Shi, Xue-Jun Qin, Wu-Ning Mo, Xiang-Dong Liang, Ze-Xin Huang, Hai-Bo Yang, Cong Wu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Active suppression by CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T lymphocytes plays an important role in the downregulation of T-cell responses to foreign and self-antigens.To analyze whether the CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T lymphocytes exist and function normally in malignant pleural effusion.The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+) T lymphocytes in pleural effusion and peripheral blood from patients with lung cancer with malignant effusion, pleural lavage and peripheral blood from patients with lung cancer without effusion, and peripheral blood from healthy control subjects were determined by flow cytometry. The expressions of forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 and cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 were also examined. CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells from pleural effusion and peripheral blood were isolated, and were cultured to observe the effects of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells on proliferation response of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells in vitro.There were increased numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in malignant pleural effusion from patients with lung cancer compared with pleural lavage from patients with lung cancer without pleural effusion, and that these cells have constitutive high-level expression of Foxp3 and cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen-4. Furthermore, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells mediate potent inhibition of proliferation response of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, and anticytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 monoclonal antibody could reduce the inhibitory activity of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells.The increased CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells found in malignant pleural effusion express high levels of Foxp3 transcription factor and potently suppress the proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, and cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 is involved in the suppressive activity of pleural CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells.
Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in HIV-lnfected Persons
Authors: Giorgio Antonucci, Enrico Girardi, Mario C. Raviglione, Giuseppe Ippolito, Paolo Almi, Gioacchino Angarano, Orlando Armignacco, Sergio Babudieri, Nazario Bevilacqua, Alessandra Bini, Patrizia Bottura, Evangelo Boumis, Paolo Costigliola, Antonio Chirianni, Giovanni Di Perri, Isabella Errante, Marco Libanore, Elio Manzillo, Lorenzo Minoli, Pasquale Narciso, Gabriella Pagano, Gianpietro Pellizzer, Elisabetta Rapiti, Stefano Rusconi, Domenico Santoro, Eliana Savalli, Marcello Tavio, Antonio Traverso, Pierluigi Viale
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To analyze how demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics influence the risk of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)— infected individuals; to examine the incidence of tuberculosis associated with change in skin test responsiveness in HIV-infected, tuberculin-negative, nonanergic individuals. <h3>Design.</h3> —Multicenter cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Twenty-three infectious disease units in public hospitals in Italy. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A consecutive sample of 3397 HIV-infected subjects were considered for entry in the study. Of these, 2695 who were followed up for at least 4 weeks were enrolled in the study; 739 subjects (27.4%) were unavailable for follow-up. The median duration of follow-up was 91 weeks. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Culture-proven tuberculosis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Eighty-three episodes of tuberculosis were observed. Incidence rates of tuberculosis were 5.42 per 100 person-years among tuberculin-positive subjects, 3.00 per 100 person-years among anergic subjects, and 0.45 per 100 person-years among tuberculin-negative nonanergic subjects. In multivariate analysis, being tuberculin-positive (hazard ratio [HR], 9.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.84 to 25.72) or anergic (HR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.40 to 8.00), or having a CD4<sup>+</sup>lymphocyte count less than 0.20× 10<sup>9</sup>/L (HR, 4.87; 95% CI, 2.35 to 10.11) or between 0.20 and 0.35×10<sup>9</sup>/L (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.09 to 5.05) were statistically significantly associated with the risk of tuberculosis. Incidence of tuberculosis increased with decreasing levels of CD4<sup>+</sup>lymphocytes in the three groups of subjects with different skin test responsiveness. Skin tests were repeated 1 year after enrollment in 604 tuberculin-negative nonanergic subjects; three cases of tuberculosis were observed among the 13 subjects who converted to tuberculin reactivity. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Risk of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons can be more precisely quantified by jointly considering skin test reactivity and CD4<sup>+</sup>lymphocyte count. Periodic skin tests in tuberculin-negative nonanergic individuals can be useful in identifying individuals at high risk of active tuberculosis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:143-148)
Effect of Thalidomide on Cardiac Remodeling in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Lars Gullestad, Thor Ueland, Jan G. Fjeld, Even Holt, Torstein Gundersen, Kjell Breivik, Magne Følling, Anders Hodt, Rita Skårdal, John Kjekshus, Arne Andreassen, Elin Kjekshus, Ragnhild Wergeland, Arne Yndestad, Stig S. Frøland, Anne Grete Semb, Pål Aukrust
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Inflammation and matrix degradation may play a pathogenic role in chronic heart failure (CHF), and therefore, we examined whether thalidomide, a drug with potential immunomodulating and matrix-stabilizing properties, could improve left ventricular (LV) function in patients with CHF secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) or coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and Results— Fifty-six patients with CHF and an LV ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt;40% who were already on optimal conventional cardiovascular treatment were randomized to thalidomide (25 mg QD increasing to 200 mg QD) or placebo and followed up for 12 weeks. Our main findings were as follows: (1) During thalidomide treatment but not during placebo, there was a marked increase in LVEF (&amp;7 EF units) along with a significant decrease in LV end-diastolic volume and heart rate. (2) This improvement in LVEF was accompanied by a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-2 without any changes in its endogenous tissue inhibitor, suggesting a matrix-stabilizing net effect. (3) Thalidomide also induced a decrease in total neutrophil count and an increase in plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, suggesting both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory effects. (4) The effect of thalidomide on LVEF was more marked in IDCM than in CAD, possibly partly reflecting that the former group was able to tolerate a higher thalidomide dosage. Conclusions— Although our results must be confirmed in larger studies that also examine the effects on morbidity and mortality, our findings suggest a role for thalidomide in the management of CHF in addition to traditional cardiovascular medications.
Care of Children Exposed to the Traumatic Effects of Disasterby ShawJon A., M.D., EspinelZelde, M.D., M.A., M.P.H., and ShultzJames M., M.S., Ph.D. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2012, 243 pp., $54.00.
Authors: Rupinder Legha, Daniel Savin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)
Antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and nine species of environmental mycobacteria in Crohn's disease and control subjects.
Authors: K J Stainsby, J R Lowes, R N Allan, J P Ibbotson
Journal: Gut (1993)

Cultural and serological studies have provided limited, often conflicting, evidence of a role for mycobacteria in the pathogenesis of Crohn9s disease. Interest has focussed on Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, previously considered to be common in the environment with no major role as a human pathogen. Whether a specific serum antibody response to mycobacteria occurs in Crohn9s disease or ulcerative colitis was investigated. Sera from patients with Crohn9s disease (n = 38), ulcerative colitis (n = 15), and a healthy control population (n = 30) were assayed in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using eight filtered sonicate mycobacterial preparations and a purified protein derivative made from the bovine tubercle bacillus. In addition, IgG, IgM, and IgA levels to M paratuberculosis were determined in sera from patients with active (n = 24) or inactive (n = 29) Crohn9s disease and the control populations. There was strong evidence of contact with environmental mycobacteria in all patients and control populations, with the greatest responses to preparations of M avium, M tuberculosis, and M kansasii. A large proportion of patients with Crohn9s disease had antibodies that bound most antigens tested but there were no statistical differences between these values and those of the control population. Similarly, there were no differences in antibody levels to M paratuberculosis in patient and control groups. Although a subset of patients with active Crohn9s disease (25%) had IgG concentrations that exceeded the control mean by more than 2 SD, this phenomenon may not be specific to Crohn9s disease: 20% of a small group of patients with coeliac disease had similarly raised IgG levels to M paratuberculosis. These findings do not provide serological evidence of a role for this organism in the pathogenesis of Crohn9s disease.
Neurologic Consequences of Cocaine Use
Authors: M. C. Rowbotham, D. H. Lowenstein
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1990)

Neurologic consequences of cocaine use frequently present as medical emergencies in the form of stroke, repeated seizures, encephalopathy, acute headache, and unusual transient neurological deficits. The often fatal or disabling neurologic syndromes have only recently been recognized but are now well documented. Cocaine use is a significant cause of stroke in young adults, and the full, long-term ramifications of maternal cocaine use on the fetus will not be known for years to come. Unfortunately, there is not effective treatment other than abstinence, and our understanding of the pathophysiology of cocaine-associated neurologic illness remains limited.
Sirolimus-Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Obstructive Superficial Femoral Artery Disease
Authors: Stephan H. Duda, Benjamin Pusich, Goetz Richter, Peter Landwehr, Vincent L. Oliva, Alexander Tielbeek, Benjamin Wiesinger, Jan Bart Hak, Hans Tielemans, Gerhard Ziemer, Ecatarina Cristea, Alexandra Lansky, Jean P. Bérégi
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Stent implantation for obstructive femoropopliteal artery disease has been associated with poor long-term outcomes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of shape memory alloy recoverable technology (SMART) nitinol self-expanding stents coated with a polymer impregnated with sirolimus (rapamycin) versus uncoated SMART stents in superficial femoral artery obstructions. Methods and Results— Thirty-six patients were recruited for this double-blind, randomized, prospective trial. All patients had chronic limb ischemia and femoral artery occlusions (57%) or stenoses (average lesion length, 85±57 mm). Patients were eligible for randomization after successful guidewire passage across the lesion. Eighteen patients received sirolimus-eluting SMART stents and 18 patients received uncoated SMART stents. The primary end point of the study was the in-stent mean percent diameter stenosis, as measured by quantitative angiography at 6 months. The in-stent mean percent diameter stenosis was 22.6% in the sirolimus-eluting stent group versus 30.9% in the uncoated stent group ( P =0.294). The in-stent mean lumen diameter was significantly larger in the sirolimus-eluting stent group (4.95 mm versus 4.31 mm in the uncoated stent group; P =0.047). No serious adverse events (death or prolonged hospitalization) were reported. Conclusions— The use of sirolimus-eluting SMART stents for superficial femoral artery occlusion is feasible, with a trend toward reducing late loss compared with uncoated stents. The coated stent also proved to be safe and was not associated with any serious adverse events.
The timing of serum infliximab loss, or the appearance of antibodies to infliximab (ATI), is related with the clinical activity in ATI-positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab
Authors: Ch Plasencia, D Pascual-Salcedo, P Alcocer, M G Bonilla, A Villalba, D Peiteado, F Arribas, J Díez, M T Lopez-Casla, E Martín-Mola, A Balsa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the development of antibodies to infliximab (ATI) is associated with poor clinical response.1 ,2–7 Nevertheless, there is no plausible explanation for why not all patients with ATI experience high disease activity. To investigate whether the timing of ATI appearance and/or drug disappearance is correlated with clinical activity, we measured the infliximab (Ifx) and ATI levels in patients 4 weeks after infusion (n+4).

Eleven ATI-positive patients with RA receiving Ifx every 8 weeks were included. Disease activity was assessed by DAS28 and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria at baseline, and during weeks n and n+8. The serum drug and ATI levels were determined using a capture and bridging ELISA, as previously described,1 ,6 ,8–10 at weeks n, n+4 and n+8.

Patients were divided according to the findings from week n+4: Group 1 (ATI-positive=without Ifx and ATI-positive, ATI-negative=with or without Ifx and ATI-negative); Group 2 (with Ifx=ATI-negative and with Ifx, without Ifx=ATI-positive or ATI-negative and without Ifx). Table 1 shows the patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. At week n+8, four patients were moderate responders and …
Race/Ethnicity Disparities in Dysglycemia Among U.S. Women of Childbearing Age Found Mainly in the Nonoverweight/Nonobese
Authors: Jessica A. Marcinkevage, C.J. Alverson, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Henry S. Kahn, Julia Ruben, Adolfo Correa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To describe the burden of dysglycemia-abnormal glucose metabolism indicative of diabetes or high risk for diabetes-among U.S. women of childbearing age, focusing on differences by race/ethnicity.