tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Medicare Modernization Act on Low-Income Persons
Authors: Dawn E. Havrda, Beth A. Omundsen, William Bender, Mary Ann Kirkpatrick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Low-income Medicare beneficiaries without prescription benefits have high out-of-pocket medication expenses that can discourage adherence to treatment regimens. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA) of 2003 created a temporary drug discount card program and a prescription benefit with low-income provisions to assist with medication expenditures for eligible seniors. Objective: To determine the impact of the new drug discount card and prescription benefit on medication expenditures by low-income Medicare recipients who require pharmaceutical company assistance for obtaining medications. Design: Retrospective, nonrandomized evaluation. Setting: Family practice physicians' office in northern Virginia. Patients: 137 Medicare recipients without prescription coverage who received assistance from pharmaceutical companies for medications. Measurements: Patients were stratified into 3 categories according to income, household size, and the federal poverty line (FPL), as defined by the new Medicare act. Participants' long-term oral and inhaled medications, dosages, and instructions for use were obtained. The MMA criteria for low-income provisions were applied for the drug discount program and for the prescription benefit. Medication costs under the new Medicare benefits were compared with those incurred without assistance and with the use of pharmaceutical company programs for the cohort and FPL categories. Results: In all income categories, medication costs were lower after enrollment in all programs than those of patients without assistance. Compared with pharmaceutical company assistance, Medicare drug discount cards resulted in less savings for all income groups. For the prescription benefit, persons with incomes less than 135% of FPL had the greatest benefit because of low-income subsidies. Persons ineligible for low-income subsidies receiving the standard benefit had a smaller reduction in out-of-pocket costs and variable monthly expenditures; they realized a superior savings with pharmaceutical company assistance programs. Limitations: The generalizability of these findings is limited because the authors used a discount pharmacy to determine drug costs for persons receiving no assistance, could not determine asset criteria for the MMA drug benefit low-income subsidy, and used a selected Medicare population. Conclusions: In a low-income Medicare population without prescription coverage, pharmaceutical company programs offered considerable savings and were superior to the Medicare drug discount cards. For the Medicare prescription plan, the greatest savings was among those eligible for low-income subsidies. Month-to-month medication costs may vary substantially for persons ineligible for such subsidies, and pharmaceutical company assistance may be a better alternative.
Bacteraemia with Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - A Reappraisal
Authors: H.J. O'Connor, I. Hamilton, C. Lincoln, S. Maxwell, A.T.R. Axon
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

To assess the risk of infective endocarditis for susceptible patients having upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, we have prospectively studied the incidence, level, duration and source of endoscopy-related bacteraemia and the microorganisms involved. Blood was drawn for aerobic and anaerobic culture and pour plate estimation from 50 patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy. Blood cultures were positive in two patients with the isolation of Streptococci and other oropharyngeal organisms during and 5 min after endoscopy. Pre-endoscopy salivary cultures in both patients grew Streptococci identical to those isolated from the blood; pour plates were negative. We conclude that though the risk of infective endocarditis after upper GI endoscopy is probably very low, the finding of a 4% incidence of transient low-level bacteraemia of oropharyngeal origin argues for antibiotic prophylaxis for susceptible patients.
ACTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL EPIDEMOLYTIC TOXIN ON MOUSE SKIN IN ORGAN CULTURE
Authors: H. MORAG McCALLUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article ACTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL EPIDEMOLYTIC TOXIN ON MOUSE SKIN IN ORGAN CULTURE Get access H. MORAG McCALLUM H. MORAG McCALLUM Department of Patholoyy, Royal Beatson Memorial Hospital, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue s8, 1 June 1972, Pages 40–41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb15413.x Published: 01 June 1972
The lungs as receptor sites for cardiovascular regulation.
Authors: J T Shepherd
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The heart and lungs contain numerous receptors that, when activated, can modulate the behavior of the heart and blood vessels.However, the separate roles of these two organs in causing the reflex circulatory adjustments are difflicult to assess.Present evidence indicates that the lungs can tonically inhibit the vasomotor center and that lung inflation causes a reflex decrease in blood pressure as a result of dilatation of systemic vessels, bradycardia and a negative inotropic effect on the ventricles.This lung inflationvasodepressor reflex is due to activation of low-threshold pulmonary stretch receptors, subserved by vagal afferents.The inhibition exerted by the lungs on the limb and kidney vessels is similar during normocapnia but, in certain species, the inhibition of the renal vessels becomes much greater during hypercapnia.Thus, receptors in the lungs may preserve renal blood flow during respiratory acidosis and therefore contribute to the restora- tion of acid-base balance.The lung inflation reflex also modulates the response to activation of the arterial chemoreceptors by attenuating the chemoreceptor-induced bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction.Dur- ing diving, the annulment of the pulmonary depressor reflex by the reflex respiratory arrest permits the full ex- pression of the trigeminal reflex and chemoreflex so that the arterial blood pressure is maintained by constric- tion of systemic vessels and the available oxygen is distributed to the mnost vulnerable systems, the brain and lungs.Other lung receptors can also affect the cardiovascular system in abnormal circumstances.Juxtapulmonary capillary receptors linked to nonmedullated vagal afferents can he activated by pulmonary congestion to cause reflex bradycardia, tachypnea and depression of the somatic nervous system.Mechanoreceptors in the pulmonary arteries, when activated with pressure up to 60 mm Hg, cause systemic hypotension and occasional bradycardia; with higher pressures, the systemic pressure increases.Some mechanoreceptors in the lung parenchyma, which increase their discharge with lung inflation, are subserved by medullated fibers that pass in the sympathetic nerves to the spinal cord.Their function is unknown.IN THE PAST 25 YEARS, our knowledge of the lung has advanced remarkably.Much is now known of its ultrastructure, gas mixing, distribution and ex- change, the control of the breathing patterns, the effects of gravity on the pulmonary circulation, the measurement and distribution of lung water, hypoxic constriction of the pulmonary vessels, surfactant from the alveolar type II cells, and the ability of the en- dothelial cells of the lung capillaries to remove, produce or modify bioactive materials.'Attention has also been focused on the receptors in the tracheobronchial tree and lung parenchyma.While their pre-
Medical equipment for expeditions
Authors: R. Ingle
Journal: BMJ (1981)

moon.Had we included admissions for self-injury and accidental poisoning, including smoke injury, the figures would have been 390 and 336.The mean number of selfpoisoning admissions, with standard deviation, on full moon days was 5 9 2 3 (range 2-10) but on new moon days only 5-1 2 6 (0-12).We made comparisons for each full moon and new moon pair, and found t= 1 8487, df= 61.If we merely ask whether there might be a significant difference among the pairs then p = 007, which does not reach standards for significance.However, the report from India specified a direction of difference and allowed a prediction, and if we consequently adopt a one-tailed test then p =0035.The likelihood that the higher rate of admissions for poisoning on full moon days than on new moon days in Edinburgh, as in Patna, could be a matter of chance alone would thus be only about 1 in 28.
Multiple forms of human plasma renin substrate.
Authors: P Eggena, H Hidaka, J D Barrett, M P Sambhi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The objective of this investigation was to determine whether heterogeneity of plasma renin substrate could be observed in states of steroid excess and various forms of hypertensive disease. In states of stimulated renin substrate production by estrogens or glucocorticoids, multiple forms of renin substrate were apparent when stimulation was excessive. Stimulation of substrate production caused by uremia associated with hypertension showed similar results. None, or only trace quantities of the additional forms of renin substrate were evident in subjects with normal or suppressed levels of plasma renin substrate. The additional forms of renin substrate could be distinguished from the normal form on the basis of cross-reactivity with a specific antiserum to the normal form, electrophoretic mobility, and kinetic rate constants. Differences in rate constants of the various forms of plasma renin substrate may account for the altered rate of the renin reaction associated with several states of hypertension. In plasma of patients with renovascular hypertension, significant quantities of a protein which cross-reacted with the antiserum but could not generate angiotensin I were observed.
Targeted Deep Resequencing of Thirteen Candidate Genes Reveals Novel Variants Determining Asthma Risk in Individuals of African Ancestry
Authors: Rasika A. Mathias, Lili Huang, Li Gao, Nicholas M. Rafaels, Candelaria I. Vergara, Ingo Ruczinski, Terri H. Beaty, Kathleen C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Myocyte apoptosis during acute myocardial infarction in the mouse localizes to hypoxic regions but occurs independently of p53.
Authors: S Bialik, D L Geenen, I E Sasson, R Cheng, J W Horner, S M Evans, E M Lord, C J Koch, R N Kitsis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Significant numbers of myocytes die by apoptosis during myocardial infarction. The molecular mechanism of this process, however, remains largely unexplored. To facilitate a molecular genetic analysis, we have developed a model of ischemia-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis in the mouse. Surgical occlusion of the left coronary artery results in apoptosis, as indicated by the presence of nucleosome ladders and in situ DNA strand breaks. Apoptosis occurs mainly in cardiac myocytes, and is shown for the first time to be limited to hypoxic regions during acute infarction. Since hypoxia-induced apoptosis in other cell types is dependent on p53, and p53 is induced by hypoxia in cardiac myocytes, we investigated the necessity of p53 for myocyte apoptosis during myocardial infarction. Myocyte apoptosis occurs as readily, however, in the hearts of mice nullizygous for p53 as in wild-type littermates. These data demonstrate the existence of a p53-independent pathway that mediates myocyte apoptosis during myocardial infarction.
The New Zealand cervical cancer study: could it happen again?
Authors: C. Paul
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The author is one of the medical advisers to the judge who led a government inquiry into allegations that an experimental research program at the National Women's Hospital in Auckland, New Zealand, to study the natural course of cervical carcinoma in situ had withheld conventional treatment from some patients. She argues that the research proposal should not have been approved at the outset, that consent should have been sought from the patients, that the study was not monitored adequately, and that the concerns of other doctors were not acted on. The reasons for this failure to protect the safety of patients go beyond the individual researcher and must be sought in the attitudes of doctors to science, to accountability, and perhaps to women.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Inversely Associated With the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Michael J. LaMonte, Carolyn E. Barlow, Radim Jurca, James B. Kampert, Timothy S. Church, Steven N. Blair
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Few studies have reported the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome incidence, particularly in women. Methods and Results— We prospectively studied 9007 men (mean±SD age, 44±9 years; body mass index, 25±3 kg/m 2 ) and 1491 women (age, 44±9 years; body mass index, 22±2 kg/m 2 ) who were free of metabolic syndrome and for whom measures of waist girth, resting blood pressure, fasting lipids, and glucose were taken during baseline and follow-up examinations. Baseline cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified as duration of a maximal treadmill test. Metabolic syndrome was defined with NCEP ATP-III criteria. During a mean follow-up of 5.7 years, 1346 men and 56 women developed metabolic syndrome. Age-adjusted incidence rates were significantly lower (linear trend, P &lt;0.001) across incremental thirds of fitness in men and women. After further adjustment for potential confounders, multivariable hazard ratios for incident metabolic syndrome among men in the low, middle, and upper thirds of fitness, were 1.0 (referent), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.84), and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.54) (linear trend P &lt;0.001); in women, they were 1.0 (referent), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.46), and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.80) (linear trend P =0.01), respectively. Similar patterns of significant inverse associations between fitness and metabolic syndrome incidence were seen when men were stratified on categories of body mass index, age, and number of baseline metabolic risk factors, but patterns were variable in women. Conclusions— Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong and independent predictor of incident metabolic syndrome in women and men. Clinicians should consider the potential benefits of greater cardiorespiratory fitness in the primary prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly among patients who have already begun to cluster metabolic syndrome components.
The Pathogenesis of Vasodilatory Shock
Authors: Donald W. Landry, Juan A. Oliver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Profound vasoconstriction in the peripheral circulation is the normal response to conditions in which the arterial pressure is too low for adequate tissue perfusion, such as acute hemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock. In other conditions, the most frequent of which is septic shock,1,2 hypotension occurs as a result of failure of the vascular smooth muscle to constrict. Such so-called vasodilatory shock is characterized not only by hypotension due to peripheral vasodilatation but also by a poor response to therapy with vasopressor drugs. This syndrome has long attracted interest and defied understanding, but recent work on the function of vascular smooth . . .
Metoclopramide and Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: G. Mazzacca, A. D'arienzo, G. Ambrogio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Metoclopramide and Secondary HyperaldosteronismG. MAZZACCA, M.D., A. D'ARIENZO, M.D., G. AMBROGIO, M.D.G. MAZZACCA, M.D., A. D'ARIENZO, M.D., G. AMBROGIO, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1024_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Albibi and McCallum (1) recently reviewed the pharmacologic aspects and clinical applications of metoclopramide. They mentioned that the drug increases plasma aldosterone levels. We should like to point out that this effect also can be elicited in clinical conditions with secondary hyperaldosteronism, such as liver cirrhosis with ascites. In 15 patients with ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver and with high serum aldosterone levels (288 ± 74 pg/mL), we found that a parenteral bolus of 10 mg of metoclopramide caused a further statistically significant increase of the hormonal serum concentrations (354 ± 90 pg/mL;p<...Reference1. ALBIBI R and MCCALLUM R. Metoclopramide: pharmacology and clinical application. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:86-95. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. MAZZACCA, M.D.; A. D'ARIENZO, M.D.; G. AMBROGIO, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1024-1025KeywordsAldosteroneAscitesAttentionBlood plasmaCirrhosisDrugsLiver ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Isolation, cloning and allergenic reactivity of natural profilin Cit s 2, a major orange allergen
Authors: G. López‐Torrejón, M. D. Ibáñez, O. Ahrazem, R. Sánchez‐Monge, J. Sastre, M. Lombardero, D. Barber, G. Salcedo
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Orange is among the most widely consumed fruits, and among the plant food sources causing allergic reactions according to popular perception. However, its relevant allergenic components are virtually unknown. Profilin is a well-defined minor plant panallergen, showing prevalences around 30% in fruits and vegetables.Twenty-three orange-allergic patients were studied. Natural orange profilin, named Cit s 2, was purified by affinity chromatography and characterized by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis and isolation of its coding cDNA. Reactivity to Cit s 2 was analyzed in vivo by skin prick tests (SPT) and in vitro by IgE immunodetection, specific IgE determination in individual sera and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-inhibition assays.The N-terminal amino acid sequence and molecular mass of natural Cit s 2, both fully in agreement with the complete amino acid sequence deduced from its coding cDNA, demonstrated its profilin nature. An unexpectedly high reactivity to Cit s 2 was found in vivo (78% of positive SPT responses) and in vitro (87% of sera from orange allergic patients had specific IgE to Cit s 2). The purified allergen inhibited around 50% of the IgE binding to an orange pulp extract.Orange profilin Cit s 2, unlike other plant food profilins, is a major and highly prevalent allergen.
Disseminated <i>Mycobacterium kansasii</i> infection with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Neta Goldschmidt, Samir Nusair, Alexander Gural, Gail Amir, Uzi Izhar, Uri Laxer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract A 64‐year‐old woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was admitted due to prolonged fever and lung infiltrates. An open lung biopsy was required to make the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and infection with Mycobacterium kansasii . She was treated successfully with combined antimycobacterial therapy for 14 months. However, the leukemia progressed and the patient developed recurrent bilateral lung infiltrates. Blood and bronchoalveolar fluid cultures yielded growth of Acinetobacter . She died shortly thereafter due to septic shock. The relationship between M. kansasii infection, PAP, and abnormal host defense in CML is discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 74:221–223, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the spatial distribution of late ventricular potentials by body surface mapping in patients with ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: G Faugère, P Savard, R A Nadeau, D Derome, M Shenasa, P L Page, R Guardo
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Low-level activity at the end of the QRS complex was analyzed from 63 thoracic leads in 15 normal subjects and in 21 patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT). The latter had old myocardial infarction and no conduction disturbances and had not been receiving antiarrhythmic drugs. In both normal subjects and patients with VT, isopotential maps of the time-averaged and filtered (25 Hz high-pass) electrocardiograms during the terminal portion of the QRS were dipolar, i.e., they showed single positive and negative regions. For patients with VT, the extrema were either distant, with one over the precordial area and the other over the back, or close together in the precordial region. In 10 patients, maps recorded after administration of antiarrhythmic drugs remained the same while QRS duration was prolonged. In six patients, maps recorded before antiarrhythmic surgery showed distant extrema for septal or posterobasal VT sites of origin and close extrema for anterior or posteroapical sites. Generally, QRS duration was reduced and maps were modified after surgery. Late potentials can be well detected with only three orthogonal leads because their distributions are dipolar, but maps provide additional information about their distribution, which may be related to conduction delay sites and possibly to VT sites of origin. Sources near the torso surface would produce close extrema, whereas deeper sources would produce distant extrema.
Methylation of 12S rRNA Is Necessary for In Vivo Stability of the Small Subunit of the Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosome
Authors: Metodi D. Metodiev, Nicole Lesko, Chan Bae Park, Yolanda Cámara, Yonghong Shi, Rolf Wibom, Kjell Hultenby, Claes M. Gustafsson, Nils-Göran Larsson
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
South Africa draws up new rules for foreign doctors
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Doctors with qualifications from countries outside South Africa will have to serve a minimum of two years in public hospitals before they can enter the private sector, say new rules awaiting promulgation in South Africa.

The Health Professions Council (the professional registration body), together with the government, has had to decide on a new set of rules for foreign doctors, after several court cases that have arisen from earlier ad hoc changes. The earlier changes also resulted in several anomalies, which needed to be ironed out.

The new rules will effectively …
Why Should We Be Concerned About Biological Warfare?
Authors: Richard Danzig
Journal: JAMA (1997)

There is a widespread tendency to think about defense against biological warfare as unnecessary, as someone else's responsibility, or as simply too difficult. Unfortunately, however, the dangers posed by biological weapons did not disappear when the United States began to unilaterally dismantle its own of-fensive program in 1969. The dangers did not vanish with the signing of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention of 1972, and they did not dissipate with the end of the Cold War or the threat of nuclear retaliation against Iraq during the Persian Gulf conflict. Only by planning and investing in the right training and defensive measures can we diminish the likelihood that biological weapons will be used and reduce the risks, disruption, and casualties in the event that such weapons are used.<sup>1</sup>Fortunately, significant improvements can be made in our defensive posture at relatively modest levels of investment, and both the Department of
Letter by Anderson et al Regarding Article, “Abnormal Conduction and Morphology in the Atrioventricular Node of Mice With Atrioventricular Canal–Targeted Deletion of Alk3/Bmpr1a Receptor”
Authors: R.H. Anderson, M.R. Boyett, H. Dobrzynski, J. Yanni, V.M. Christoffels, A.F.M. Moorman
Journal: Circulation (2008)