tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Cellular Microencapsulation Technology for Evaluation of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drugs In Vivo
Authors: James McMahon, Steven Schmid, Owen Weislow, Sherman Stinson, Richard Camalier, Robert Gulakowski, Robert Shoemaker, Rebecca Kiser, Donald Dykes, Steadman Harrison, Joseph Mayo, Michael Boyd
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

We investigated the feasibility of micro-encapsulation technology for the evaluation of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs in vivo. The ability to place human cells in microcapsules with semipermeable membranes for implantation into test animals led to the development of this assay. The anti-HIV activity assay involves microencapsulating human T-lymphoblastoid cells sensitive to the cytopathic effects of HIV; the encapsulated cells are then implanted into athymic nude mice and recovered after drug treatment in vivo. A positive antiviral effect of the test substance is indicated by growth or survival of the virus-infected cells in the microcapsules. Several HIV-sensitive cell lines of T-lymphocyte, monocyte, and nonlymphocyte origin were examined for growth in microcapsules in vitro and in vivo. Light and electron microscopic analysis of the capsules and the human cells contained therein revealed the invasion of mouse immune cells and other adverse effects that could not be overcome by any of numerous technical modifications attempted. We conclude that cellular microencapsulation technology is not feasible for in vivo drug-testing protocols because of immunogenic reactions.
Comparison of Chemstrip uG, Clinitest, and Diastix Urine Test Methods in Diabetic Children
Authors: Douglas O Sobel, Marion Balsam
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The new urine test, Chemstrip uG, was compared with Clinitest and Diastix methods by pediatric diabetic patients and by health care professionals. With the children testing all urine samples (N = 108), accuracy for Chemstrip uG and Clinitest was similar and superior to that of Diastix. When the children tested specimens containing up to only 2.2% glucose (N = 75), all test methods were shown to have generally similar accuracies. The diabetic children, however, preferred Chemstrip uG (P less than 0.02). It is concluded that Chemstrip uG is a clinically useful and acceptable method for self-monitoring of urine glucose in diabetic children.
Abstract 2710: Pulmonary inflammation associated with Chitinase-3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) expression accelerates breast cancer metastasis to the lung.
Authors: Stephania Libreros, Ramon Garcia-Areas, Roberto Carrio, Vijaya Iragavarapu-Charyulu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastasis of a primary tumor to distant organs is the principal cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer. Recently, it was reported that asthmatic patients have a greater propensity to develop distant metastasis to the lung. Using a ragweed pulmonary inflammation model, we found that asthmatic mice implanted with 4T1 mammary tumors have a 5-fold increase in formation of metastatic foci in their lungs compared to non-asthmatic 4T1 mammary tumor-bearing mice. Further, asthmatic tumor-bearing mice showed accelerated tumor growth and shorter disease-free survival. We have previously reported that Chitinase-3 like-1 protein (CHI3L1) expression is increased in mammary tumor-bearing mice and that it induces production of prometastatic mediators, CCL2, CXCL2 and MMP-9 by macrophages. Asthmatic patients have been reported to exhibit elevated levels of CHI3L1 in their lungs and circulation while in breast cancer patients these levels are further elevated. We found that the levels of CHI3L1 are higher in circulation and lungs of asthmatic mammary tumor-bearers compared to mice with either asthma or tumor alone. It is unknown if exposure to high levels of CHI3L1 previous to tumorigenesis accelerates metastasis. We hypothesize that CHI3L1-induced pulmonary inflammation generates the proper environment for recruiting circulating breast cancer cells as well as proinflammatory leukocytes (M2 macrophages and myeloid derived suppressors), resulting in increased rate of metastasis to the lung. Treatment of 4T1 asthmatic mammary tumor-bearing mice with chitin microparticles, the ligand of CHI3L1, resulted in decreased levels of metastasis to the lung. These studies provide an understanding of the role of CHI3L1 and existing inflammation in accelerating metastasis, the major cause of death in breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Stephania Libreros, Ramon Garcia-Areas, Roberto Carrio, Vijaya Iragavarapu-Charyulu. Pulmonary inflammation associated with Chitinase-3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) expression accelerates breast cancer metastasis to the lung. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2710. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2710
Unified Criteria for Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of ADPKD
Authors: York Pei, James Obaji, Annie Dupuis, Andrew D. Paterson, Riccardo Magistroni, Elizabeth Dicks, Patrick Parfrey, Benvon Cramer, Eliecer Coto, Roser Torra, Jose L. San Millan, Robert Gibson, Martijn Breuning, Dorien Peters, David Ravine
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Individuals who are at risk for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are often screened by ultrasound using diagnostic criteria derived from individuals with mutations in PKD1. Families with mutations in PKD2 typically have less severe disease, suggesting a potential need for different diagnostic criteria. In this study, 577 and 371 at-risk individuals from 58 PKD1 and 39 PKD2 families, respectively, were assessed by renal ultrasound and molecular genotyping. Using sensitivity data derived from genetically affected individuals and specificity data derived from genetically unaffected individuals, various diagnostic criteria were compared. In addition, data sets were created to simulate the PKD1 and PKD2 case mix expected in practice to evaluate the performance of diagnostic criteria for families of unknown genotype. The diagnostic criteria currently in use performed suboptimally for individuals with mutations in PKD2 as a result of reduced test sensitivity. In families of unknown genotype, the presence of three or more (unilateral or bilateral) renal cysts is sufficient for establishing the diagnosis in individuals aged 15 to 39 y, two or more cysts in each kidney is sufficient for individuals aged 40 to 59 y, and four or more cysts in each kidney is required for individuals ≥60 yr. Conversely, fewer than two renal cysts in at-risk individuals aged ≥40 yr is sufficient to exclude the disease. These unified diagnostic criteria will be useful for testing individuals who are at risk for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the usual clinical setting in which molecular genotyping is seldom performed.
Somatic mutation and CDR3 lengths of immunoglobulin kappa light chains expressed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in normal individuals.
Authors: S L Bridges, S K Lee, M L Johnson, J C Lavelle, P G Fowler, W J Koopman, H W Schroeder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Immunoglobulin secretion by plasma cells infiltrating synovial membranes is a prominent feature of RA. Previous analyses of a cDNA library generated from synovium of RA patient BC revealed immunoglobulin kappa light chain transcripts with extensive somatic mutation, frequent N region addition, and unexpected variation in the lengths of CDR3 regions which form the center of the antigen binding site. To determine if these characteristics are present in other individuals, we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequenced > or = 10 V kappa-containing amplicons from nine tissue samples: synovia of three individuals with long-standing RA (including patient BC), PBLs of two of these individuals, and PBLs or splenocytes of four normal individuals. Increased levels of somatic mutation in PBLs appeared to correlate with increased age, which may reflect accumulation of circulating memory cells and/or decreased bone marrow production of naive B lymphocytes. Two of three RA synovial samples and both RA PBL samples exhibited increased proportions of clones with unusual CDR3 lengths. Enrichment for these antibody binding sites could be due to abnormal regulation of the emerging repertoire or to selection for B lymphocytes bearing antibodies of unusual specificity, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.
Procaterol inhibits IL-1β- and TNF-α-mediated epithelial cell eosinophil chemotactic activity
Authors: S. Koyama, E. Sato, T. Masubuchi, A. Takamizawa, K. Kubo, S. Nagai, T. Isumi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Theophylline inhibits eosinophilic infiltration into the bronchial wall. It is unknown whether this is mediated by a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP)-dependent reduction in eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) from bronchial epithelial cells (BEC). Therefore the effect of a beta2-agonist, procaterol and theophylline on the release of ECA from a BEC line, BEAS-2B was evaluated in response to interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). ECA was assessed using a blind-well chemotactic chamber, and the release and gene expression of cytokines were evaluated by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha stimulated the release of ECA from BEAS-2B cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Procaterol and theophylline directly inhibited eosinophil migration to IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-conditioned medium. The pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with the same concentrations of procaterol inhibited the release of ECA in a dose-dependent fashion. Anti-IL-8, anti-regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibited ECA. Procaterol inhibited the release of RANTES, GM-CSF and IL-8 in a dose-dependent fashion. The effect of theophylline was less potent. Procaterol augmented cAMP levels in BEAS-2B cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The expression of IL-8, RANTES, and GM-CSF messenger ribonucleic acid was not inhibited by procaterol and theophylline. These data indicate that procaterol and theophylline may directly inhibit eosinophil migration and that procaterol may further inhibit the release of eosinophil chemotactic activity from BEAS-2B cells via a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent mechanism. This warrants further studies on the involvement of bronchial epithelial cells in the anti-inflammatory effects of procaterol and theophylline in patients with asthma.
Bevacizumab Combined With Weekly Paclitaxel, Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin, or Topotecan in Platinum-Resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: Analysis by Chemotherapy Cohort of the Randomized Phase III AURELIA Trial
Authors: Andres M. Poveda, Frédéric Selle, Felix Hilpert, Alexander Reuss, Antonella Savarese, Ignace Vergote, Petronella Witteveen, Aristotelis Bamias, Nana Scotto, Lada Mitchell, Eric Pujade-Lauraine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Identified as prognostic factors for overall survival; selected chemotherapy, as recorded in the case report form, was also identified as a prognostic factor.
NK/T-cell lymphomas ‘nasal type’: an Italian multicentric retrospective survey
Authors: L. Pagano, A. Gallamini, G. Trapè, L. Fianchi, D. Mattei, G. Todeschini, A. Spadea, S. Cinieri, E. Iannitto, M. Martelli, A. Nosari, E. Di Bona, M.E. Tosti, M.C. Petti, P. Falcucci, M. Montanaro, A. Pulsoni, L.M. Larocca, G. Leone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
On the Prognosis of Secondary Symptoms and Conditions of Exophthalmic Goitre
Authors: W. H. White
Journal: BMJ (1886)

I HAVE collected together the following twelve cases of exophthalmic goitre, with a view of discovering what becomes of them after they leave the hospital.Wherever possible, I have visited the patients at their own homes; when that has not been possible, I have written to them.
Exercise Capacity and Mortality in Black and White Men
Authors: Peter Kokkinos, Jonathan Myers, John Peter Kokkinos, Andreas Pittaras, Puneet Narayan, Athanasios Manolis, Pamela Karasik, Michael Greenberg, Vasilios Papademetriou, Steven Singh
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Exercise capacity is inversely related to mortality risk in healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular diseases. This evidence is based largely on white populations, with little information available for blacks.
Congenital Aneurysms of the Coronary Arteries with Report of a Case
Authors: IRA GORE, JOHN SMITH, ROBERT CLANCY
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A case is presented of congenital aneurysm of a coronary artery in a patient with angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Etiologies other than coronary atheroselerosis should be considered in young patients with clinical coronary disease; they include syphilitic ostial stenosis, coronary embolization, pulmonary origin of a coronary artery, and necrotizing arteritis in addition to aneurysm of a coronary artery. In this instance the aneurysm caused a shadow that was seen by x-ray but was not identified during life.
Association Between <i>BRAF</i> V600E Mutation and Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Mingzhao Xing, Ali S. Alzahrani, Kathryn A. Carson, Young Kee Shong, Tae Yong Kim, David Viola, Rossella Elisei, Bela Bendlová, Linwah Yip, Caterina Mian, Federica Vianello, R. Michael Tuttle, Eyal Robenshtok, James A. Fagin, Efisio Puxeddu, Laura Fugazzola, Agnieszka Czarniecka, Barbara Jarzab, Christine J. O'Neill, Mark S. Sywak, Alfred K. Lam, Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre, Pilar Santisteban, Hirotaka Nakayama, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Giovanni Tallini, Elizabeth H. Holt, Vlasta Sýkorová
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To investigate the prognostic value of BRAF V600E mutation for the recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Patients and Methods This was a retrospective multicenter study of the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and recurrence of PTC in 2,099 patients (1,615 women and 484 men), with a median age of 45 years (interquartile range [IQR], 34 to 58 years) and a median follow-up time of 36 months (IQR, 14 to 75 months). Results The overall BRAF V600E mutation prevalence was 48.5% (1,017 of 2,099). PTC recurrence occurred in 20.9% (213 of 1,017) of BRAF V600E mutation–positive and 11.6% (125 of 1,082) of BRAF V600E mutation–negative patients. Recurrence rates were 47.71 (95% CI, 41.72 to 54.57) versus 26.03 (95% CI, 21.85 to 31.02) per 1,000 person-years in BRAF mutation–positive versus –negative patients (P &lt; .001), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.82 (95% CI, 1.46 to 2.28), which remained significant in a multivariable model adjusting for patient sex and age at diagnosis, medical center, and various conventional pathologic factors. Significant association between BRAF mutation and PTC recurrence was also found in patients with conventionally low-risk disease stage I or II and micro-PTC and within various subtypes of PTC. For example, in BRAF mutation–positive versus –negative follicular-variant PTC, recurrence occurred in 21.3% (19 of 89) and 7.0% (24 of 342) of patients, respectively, with recurrence rates of 53.84 (95% CI, 34.34 to 84.40) versus 19.47 (95% CI, 13.05 to 29.04) per 1,000 person-years (P &lt; .001) and an HR of 3.20 (95% CI, 1.46 to 7.02) after adjustment for clinicopathologic factors. BRAF mutation was associated with poorer recurrence-free probability in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses in various clinicopathologic categories. Conclusion This large multicenter study demonstrates an independent prognostic value of BRAF V600E mutation for PTC recurrence in various clinicopathologic categories.
Application of the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex technique for ultraimmunocytochemical characterization of leukemic cells
Authors: Takahiro Yano, Ken‐Ichi Ohtake, Kazuo Kameda, Masahiro Kizaki, Tetsuhei Ogawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract For simultaneous demonstration of cellular ultrastructure, myeloperoxidase activity, and presence of a membrane‐bound antigen in a given blood cell, we examined three different fixatives: periodate‐lysine‐paraformaldehyde (PLP) and paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde for their applicability to preembedding electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies and the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex (ABC) technique. This procedure was examined in samples from 3 normal volunteers and 29 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LSCL), blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML‐BC), or other unclassified leukemias. PLP fixation preserved the immunoreactivity of surface glycoproteins as well as immunoglobulins to the most satisfactory extent. Leukemic cells fixed with PLP maintained their fine structural details, so that we could identify their cytoplasmic organelles, although glutaraldehyde produced the best preservation of cellular ultrastructure. In three patients with ALL, our method revealed that a significant portion of blasts possessed both lymphoid surface antigens and peroxidase‐positive cytoplasmic granules. Our method was also useful in identifying the lineage of peroxidase‐negative leukemic cells, including monoblastic leukemia and megakaryoblastic leukemia cells. Ultraimmunocytochemistry using PLP fixation and the ABC technique may be a promising strategy for determining the nature of blastic cells that remain unclear after a conventional work‐up, for characterizing leukemic cells in patients with a relatively low blast cell count in the bone marrow or peripheral blood, and for estimating the presence and frequency of leukemia with multilineage expression.
The role of rapid on-site evaluation in the adequacy EBUS-TBNA specimens in the verification of mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Authors: Grigorii Kudriashov, Igor Vasiliev, Nataliya Blum, Nikolay Yakushenko, Armen Avetisyan, Andrey Kozak, Dmitrii Vetugov, Peter Yablonsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Some papers showed the possibility of EBUS-TBNA in the verification of isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy (Ye T., 2011) Diagnostic accuracy of this method is highly variable in different authors. The relationship of number of lymph node passes and adequacy EBUS-TBNA specimens is significantly (Yarmus L.,2013). The role of EBUS-TBNA with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is unknown for verification of isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy (IML).   Aim:  To determine the role of ROSE in the adequacy of EBUS-TBNA specimens.   Methods:  Prospective clinical trial of 25 consecutive patients with IML during 2013. All patients underwent EBUS-TBNA of mediastinal lymph nodes. VATS procedure performed as a gold standard. All specimens underwent morphological, microbiological analysis and PCR. Before procedure patients were separated into 2 groups. ROSE was made in group 1 (13 patients/52%). ROSE was not done in group 2 (12 patients/48%).   Results:  EBUS-TBNA specimens were accepted pathologically adequate from 13/100% patients in 1 group, from 6/50% patients in 2 group (p   Conclusion:  Performance ROSE is more preferable to increase adequacy of EBUS-TBNA specimens.
Outcomes of transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood and bone marrow in children with acute leukaemia: a comparison study
Authors: Mary Eapen, Pablo Rubinstein, Mei-Jie Zhang, Cladd Stevens, Joanne Kurtzberg, Andromachi Scaradavou, Fausto R Loberiza, Richard E Champlin, John P Klein, Mary M Horowitz, John E Wagner
Journal: The Lancet (2007)
Celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes: a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?
Authors: Raivo Uibo, Marina Panarina, Kaupo Teesalu, Ija Talja, Epp Sepp, Meeme Utt, Marika Mikelsaar, Kaire Heilman, Oivi Uibo, Tamara Vorobjova
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2011)
Cyclin D1 overexpression is a favorable prognostic variable for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and single or double autologous transplantation
Authors: Simona Soverini, Michele Cavo, Claudia Cellini, Carolina Terragna, Elena Zamagni, Deborah Ruggeri, Nicoletta Testoni, Patrizia Tosi, Antonio de Vivo, Marilina Amabile, Tiziana Grafone, Emanuela Ottaviani, Barbara Giannini, Delia Cangini, Francesca Bonifazi, Antonino Neri, Sonia Fabris, Sante Tura, Michele Baccarani, Giovanni Martinelli
Journal: Blood (2003)
Modulation of HLA class II antigen expression by transfection of sense and antisense DR alpha cDNA.
Authors: V Lotteau, J Sands, L Teyton, P Turmel, D Charron, J L Strominger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

In the human there are three isotypic forms of MHC class II gene products (HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP). The isotype-matched alpha-beta dimers are predominant but isotype-mismatched dimers can also be expressed (DR alpha-DQ beta). Here it is shown that the expression of the DR alpha-DQ beta dimer can be correlated to a high ratio of DR alpha/DR beta mRNA. The DR alpha chain expression was modulated by transfection of a sense and antisense DR alpha cDNA. Overexpression of DR alpha promoted the appearance of the DR alpha-DQ beta dimer. On the other hand, pre-existing DR alpha-DQ beta dimer expression was suppressed after antisense DR alpha cDNA transfection. Therefore, imbalanced expression of the alpha and beta chain from a given isotype could lead to the modification of HLA class II phenotype.
Lymphadenopathy in rheumatic patients.
Authors: C A Kelly, A J Malcolm, I Griffiths
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Lymph node biopsy specimens from 22 patients with chronic inflammatory joint disease have been studied. The histology has been reviewed and immunoperoxidase staining carried out for the major immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, macrophage markers, and MT1, MB1 surface markers. Although two of these patients had been initially diagnosed and treated for malignant lymphoma, the clinical course has not substantiated the diagnosis, and on review malignancy could not be identified in any of the biopsy specimens. Careful attention to specific histological features, together with adequate clinical information, is therefore essential if the true nature of the lymph node enlargement is to be recognised. Clinical review of the 22 patients suggested that lymphadenopathy may, in some cases, be an early feature of inflammatory polyarthritis, and this was supported by the observation that 20% of patients with otherwise unexplained reactive lymphadenopathy developed an inflammatory polyarthropathy within one year of biopsy.
Rescue of p53 Function by Small-Molecule RITA in Cervical Carcinoma by Blocking E6-Mediated Degradation
Authors: Carolyn Ying Zhao, Laszlo Szekely, Wenjie Bao, Galina Selivanova
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Proteasomal degradation of p53 by human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein plays a pivotal role in the survival of cervical carcinoma cells. Abrogation of HPV-E6–dependent p53 destruction can therefore be a good strategy to combat cervical carcinomas. Here, we show that a small-molecule reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis (RITA) is able to induce the accumulation of p53 and rescue its tumor suppressor function in cells containing high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 by inhibiting HPV-E6–mediated proteasomal degradation. RITA blocks p53 ubiquitination by preventing p53 interaction with E6-associated protein, required for HPV-E6–mediated degradation. RITA activates the transcription of proapoptotic p53 targets Noxa, PUMA, and BAX, and repressed the expression of pro-proliferative factors CyclinB1, CDC2, and CDC25C, resulting in p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, RITA showed substantial suppression of cervical carcinoma xenografts in vivo. These results provide a proof of principle for the treatment of cervical cancer in a p53-dependent manner by using small molecules that target p53. Cancer Res; 70(8); 3372–81. ©2010 AACR.