tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of Myosin Heavy-Chain Isoforms in the Respiratory Muscles Following Inspiratory Resistive Breathing
Authors: JOAQUIM GEA, QUTAYBA HAMID, GUY CZAIKA, ERCHENG ZHU, VID MOHAN-RAM, GEOFFREY GOLDSPINK, ALEJANDRO GRASSINO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We investigated the effect of inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB) on the expression of the genes encoding fast and slow isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in respiratory muscles. Eleven mongrel dogs were studied for baseline MyHC messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, seven of which were also used to study the effects of IRB. For this latter objective, awake and spontaneously breathing animals were subjected to 2 h of IRB (80 cm H2O/L/s) per day for four consecutive days. mRNA expression was assessed in the diaphragm, external intercostal muscle, and a limb muscle, using both slot– blot and in situ hybridizations with isoform-specific probes. A current semiquantitative scoring method (from 0 to 4) was used to quantify the in situ mRNA expression levels, and slot–blot data were analyzed with densitometry. Prior to IRB, slow- and fast-MyHC mRNA expression was moderate, similar, and homogeneous throughout the different regions of the diaphragm, with scores of 1.50 ± 0.54 (mean ± SD) for slow and 2.13 ± 0.35 for fast mRNAs in the costal region of the diaphragm, and of 1.81 ± 0.37 for slow and 2.13 ± 0.64 for fast mRNAs in the crural region of the diaphragm. Although expression of fast-MyHC mRNA remained unchanged after IRB, the relative expression of the mRNA for the slow isoform increased in costal ( + 30%), crural ( + 12%), and external intercostal ( + 27%) muscles. MyHC mRNA expression did not change in limb muscles. We conclude that breathing with a moderate inspiratory resistance for a short period induces the expression of slow MyHC in respiratory muscles.
Scheduled second-look endoscopy is not recommended after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasms (the SAFE trial): a multicentre prospective randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Satoshi Mochizuki, Noriya Uedo, Ichiro Oda, Kazuhiro Kaneko, Yorimasa Yamamoto, Takeshi Yamashina, Haruhisa Suzuki, Shinya Kodashima, Tomonori Yano, Nobutake Yamamichi, Osamu Goto, Takeshi Shimamoto, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Gut (2014)

To clarify the effectiveness of second-look endoscopy (SLE) at preventing bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).A multicentre prospective randomised controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted at five referral institutions across Japan. Patients with a solitary gastric neoplasm were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were previous oesophagogastric surgery or radiation therapy; perforation and the administration of antithrombotics, steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients were assigned to the SLE group or the non-SLE group by a computer-generated random sequence after ESD and were treated perioperatively with a proton pump inhibitor. SLE was performed one day after ESD. The primary endpoint was post-ESD bleeding, defined as an endoscopically proven haemorrhage. The trial had the power to detect a non-inferiority criterion of 7% between the groups.From February 2012 to February 2013, 130 and 132 patients were assigned to the SLE and the non-SLE groups, respectively. All patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis of the primary endpoint. Post-ESD bleeding occurred in seven patients with (5.4%) SLE and five patients with (3.8%) non-SLE (risk difference--1.6% (95% CI -6.7 to 3.5); pnon-inferiority<0.001), meeting the non-inferiority criterion. All 12 patients with post-ESD bleeding and one patient with a delayed perforation were successfully managed with conservative treatment.SLE after gastric ESD is not routinely recommended because it does not contribute to the prevention of post-ESD bleeding for patients with an average bleeding risk.UMIN-CTR000007170.
Unusual limb injury associated with sport parachuting
Authors: A B Y Ng, A Alfred, D Q Donaldson, R S Bale
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

The case is reported of an open injury of the right arm sustained during a parachute jump. The fracture was managed in the usual way with wound debridement, wound irrigation, skeletal stabilisation, and reconstruction of the soft tissues. Good shoulder and elbow function were achieved. The combined effort of an orthopaedic trauma surgeon and plastic surgeon is essential to improve outcomes in such cases.
The ALK/ROS1 Inhibitor PF-06463922 Overcomes Primary Resistance to Crizotinib in ALK-Driven Neuroblastoma
Authors: Nicole R. Infarinato, Jin H. Park, Kateryna Krytska, Hannah T. Ryles, Renata Sano, Katherine M. Szigety, Yimei Li, Helen Y. Zou, Nathan V. Lee, Tod Smeal, Mark A. Lemmon, Yael P. Mossé
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Neuroblastomas harboring activating point mutations in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) are differentially sensitive to the ALK inhibitor crizotinib, with certain mutations conferring intrinsic crizotinib resistance. To overcome this clinical obstacle, our goal was to identify inhibitors with improved potency that can target intractable ALK variants such as F1174L. We find that PF-06463922 has high potency across ALK variants and inhibits ALK more effectively than crizotinib in vitro. Most importantly, PF-06463922 induces complete tumor regression in both crizotinib-resistant and crizotinib-sensitive xenograft mouse models of neuroblastoma, as well as in patient-derived xenografts harboring the crizotinib-resistant F1174L or F1245C mutations. These studies demonstrate that PF-06463922 has the potential to overcome crizotinib resistance and exerts unprecedented activity as a single targeted agent against F1174L and F1245C ALK-mutated xenograft tumors, while also inducing responses in an R1275Q xenograft model. Taken together, these results provide the rationale to move PF-06463922 into clinical trials for treatment of patients with ALK-mutated neuroblastoma.The next-generation ALK/ROS1 inhibitor PF-06463922 exerts unparalleled activity in ALK-driven neuroblastoma models with primary crizotinib resistance. Our biochemical and in vivo data provide the preclinical rationale for fast-tracking the development of this agent in children with relapsed/refractory ALK-mutant neuroblastoma.
Dairy Foods, Calcium, and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Cohort Studies
Authors: E. Cho, S. A. Smith-Warner, D. Spiegelman, W. L. Beeson, P. A. van den Brandt, G. A. Colditz, A. R. Folsom, G. E. Fraser, J. L. Freudenheim, E. Giovannucci, R. A. Goldbohm, S. Graham, A. B. Miller, P. Pietinen, J. D. Potter, T. E. Rohan, P. Terry, P. Toniolo, M. J. Virtanen, W. C. Willett, A. Wolk, K. Wu, S.-S. Yaun, A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, D. J. Hunter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Studies in animals have suggested that calcium may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. However, results from epidemiologic studies of intake of calcium or dairy foods and colorectal cancer risk have been inconclusive. Methods: We pooled the primary data from 10 cohort studies in five countries that assessed usual dietary intake by using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. For most studies, follow-up was extended beyond that in the original publication. The studies included 534 536 individuals, among whom 4992 incident cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed between 6 and 16 years of follow-up. Pooled multivariable relative risks for categories of milk intake and quintiles of calcium intake and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Milk intake was related to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Compared with the lowest category of intake (<70 g/day), relative risks of colorectal cancer for increasing categories (70–174, 175–249, and ≥250 g/day) of milk intake were 0.94 (95% CI = 0.86 to 1.02), 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81 to 0.96), and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.78 to 0.94), respectively ( Ptrend <.001). Calcium intake was also inversely related to the risk of colorectal cancer. The relative risk for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.78 to 0.95; Ptrend = .02) for dietary calcium and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.69 to 0.88; Ptrend <.001) for total calcium (combining dietary and supplemental sources). These results were consistent across studies and sex. The inverse association for milk was limited to cancers of the distal colon ( Ptrend <.001) and rectum ( Ptrend = .02). Conclusion: Higher consumption of milk and calcium is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer.
Delineation of a cross-reactive idiotype on human autoantibodies with antibody against a synthetic peptide.
Authors: P P Chen, S Fong, D Normansell, R A Houghten, J G Karras, J H Vaughan, D A Carson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Antibody against a cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) on human IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies was induced by immunization of rabbits with a synthetic peptide ( PSL2 ) corresponding to the second complementarity-determining region (CDR), and adjacent amino acid residues of the kappa light chain of the IgM-RF Sie . The anti-peptide antibody bound efficiently to IgM-RF proteins known to share a cross-reactive idiotype, and to their isolated kappa chains. The anti-CRI was absorbed by, and eluted from, a peptide-Sepharose affinity column. The antibody activity was inhibited by the free peptide in solution. The anti-peptide antibody thus identifies a public idiotype on human IgM-RF, that is largely dependent on the primary sequence of the second CDR of the light chain. Such peptide-induced antiidiotypes of predefined specificity may facilitate studies of the molecular basis of idiotypic cross-reactions, the inheritance and somatic diversification of antibody molecules, and the regulation of the idiotype network.
AB1154-HPR Men's Strategies of Handling Participation Restrictions Related to Rheumatoid Arthritis (The Swedish Tira Study)
Authors: A. Sverker, M. Björk, I. Thyberg, M. Thyberg, E. Valtersson, G. Östlund
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> In spite of early interventions and advancements in medication disability and restricted work capacity is closely related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Around 1/3 of diagnosed patients are men, however few studies describe men9s need and experiences of living with RA [1]. <h3>Objectives</h3> To explore male strategies of handling participating restriction in everyday life. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study 25 men with early RA from the TIRA2 cohort [2], age 20 – 63, were interviewed about participation restrictions with Critical Incident Technique [3]. Transcribed interviews were synthesized into dilemmas and linked to ICF participation [4] codes and the strategies in handling these dilemmas were analyzed and categorized using content analysis [5]. <h3>Results</h3> The men described four types of strategies of handling participating restriction in everyday life. Resilience strategies; to find enjoyments, develop self-trust, and a new body-knowledge. Daily routine strategies; use more time on each task and rest in between activities, adjust medication to activity, adjust movements finding new ways to conduct work tasks and physical training. Avoidance strategies; avoid alcohol, social contacts after work, inform of RA and sometimes medicine. Action strategies; continue activities, attend activities as a spectator instead of being an active participant, go home if needed, say no, ask for help, and talk about RA. Acceptance strategies; accept pain, accept less work pace, accept less endurance and fewer activities. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Men described dilemmas in everyday life due to RA, but not all experienced being restricted in life they rather expressed reorganizing their everyday lives. <h3>References</h3> Shuttleworth RP (2004). Disabled masculinity; Expanding the masculine repertoire. In Smith BG, Hutchinson B (Eds). Gendering disability, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers University Press. Björk M, Thyberg I, Rikner K, Balogh I, Gerdle B. Sick leave before and after diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: a report from the Swedish TIRA project. J Rheumatol 2009;36:1170-1179. Flanagan, C (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51: p. 327-358. Cieza A, Geyh S, Chatterji S, Kostanjsek N, Ustun B, Stucki G ICF linking rules: an update based on lessons learned. J Rehabil Med. 2005;37:212-8. Sverker A, Thyberg I, Östlund G, Valtersson E, Thyberg M. (2013). Participation in work in early rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative interview study interpreted in terms of the ICF. Disability &amp; Rehabilitation May (3); ISSN1464-5165 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3717
Randomized Phase III Intergroup Trial of Isotretinoin to Prevent Second Primary Tumors in Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: S. M. Lippman, J. J. Lee, D. D. Karp, E. E. Vokes, S. E. Benner, G. E. Goodman, F. R. Khuri, R. Marks, R. J. Winn, W. Fry, S. L. Graziano, D. R. Gandara, G. Okawara, C. L. Woodhouse, B. Williams, C. Perez, H. W. Kim, R. Lotan, J. A. Roth, W. K. Hong
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Promising data have suggested that retinoid chemoprevention may help to control second primary tumors (SPTs), recurrence, and mortality of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: We carried out a National Cancer Institute (NCI) Intergroup phase III trial (NCI #I91–0001) with 1166 patients with pathologic stage I NSCLC (6 weeks to 3 years from definitive resection and no prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy). Patients were randomly assigned to receive a placebo or the retinoid isotretinoin (30 mg/day) for 3 years in a double-blind fashion. Patients were stratified at randomization by tumor stage, histology, and smoking status. The primary endpoint (time to SPT) and the secondary endpoints (times to recurrence and death) were analyzed by log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: After a median follow-up of 3.5 years, there were no statistically significant differences between the placebo and isotretinoin arms with respect to the time to SPTs, recurrences, or mortality. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of isotretinoin versus placebo was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 1.49) for SPTs, 0.99 (95% CI = 0.76 to 1.29) for recurrence, and 1.07 (95% CI = 0.84 to 1.35) for mortality. Multivariate analyses showed that the rate of SPTs was not affected by any stratification factor. Rate of recurrence was affected by tumor stage (HR for T2 versus T1 = 1.77 [95% CI = 1.35 to 2.31]) and a treatment-by-smoking interaction (HR for treatment-by-current-versus-never-smoking status = 3.11 [95% CI = 1.00 to 9.71]). Mortality was affected by tumor stage (HR for T2 versus T1 = 1.39 [95% CI = 1.10 to 1.77]), histology (HR for squamous versus nonsquamous = 1.31 [95% CI = 1.03 to 1.68]), and a treatment-by-smoking interaction (HR for treatment-by-current-versus-never-smoking = 4.39 [95% CI = 1.11 to 17.29]). Mucocutaneous toxicity (P<.001) and noncompliance (40% versus 25% at 3 years) were higher in the isotretinoin arm than in the placebo arm. Conclusions: Isotretinoin treatment did not improve the overall rates of SPTs, recurrences, or mortality in stage I NSCLC. Secondary multivariate and subset analyses suggested that isotretinoin was harmful in current smokers and beneficial in never smokers.
Frequency of Personality Disorders in Two Age Cohorts of Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. McGlashan, Donald M. Quinlan, Martha L. Walker, David Greenfeld, William S. Edell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the frequency of DSM-III-R personality disorders in adolescent and young adult psychiatric inpatients. METHOD: Structured diagnostic interviews were reliably performed with a series of 255 consecutively admitted inpatients (138 adolescents and 117 young adults). RESULTS: Most personality disorders were diagnosed in similar frequencies in the two study groups. Passive-aggressive personality disorder was diagnosed with lower frequency and dependent personality disorder with higher frequency in the young adult than in the adolescent group. CONCLUSIONS: The isomorphism of relative frequencies among psychiatric inpatients suggests that what is seen in adolescents are valid forms of most adult personality disorders. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:140–142)
Booster Vaccination With Further Live Attenuated Measles Vaccine
Authors: James W. Bass, Scott B. Halstead, Gerald W. Fischer, John K. Podgore, William R. Pearl, Manuel Schydlower, Robert A. Wiebe, Frederick M. Ching
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Revaccination with live attenuated measles vaccine was evaluated in a large group of children to determine (1) if protective antibody to measles infection could be augmented and (2) after what interval will the revaccination yield optimal results. The rate of decline in measles hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody was observed to be directly related to the time interval since the previous vaccination, and individuals with declining titers became increasingly responsive to revaccination with a maximal response approximately four to six years after previous vaccination. Six-month follow-up studies demonstrated sustained elevations in measles HI antibody titers. Measles-neutralizing antibody showed less tendency to sustain a titer increase with revaccination. The observations suggest that revaccination with live, further attenuated measles vaccine is safe and may augment immunity.
Antioxidant intake and adult-onset wheeze: a casecontrol study
Authors: C Bodner, D Godden, K Brown, J Little, S Ross, A Seaton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

An increase in prevalence of wheezing illness in the UK has coincided with a reduction in the consumption of natural antioxidants, which may modulate the lung's response to oxidant stress, limiting the expression of airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms. The hypothesis that intakes and plasma levels of natural antioxidants would be determinants of adult-onset wheezing illness was tested. A nested case-control study was conducted in 94 cases with adult-onset wheeze and 203 controls aged 39-45 yrs identified in a 30-yr follow-up survey. Antioxidant intake was measured by a food frequency questionnaire, and plasma and red cell measurements of antioxidant status were obtained. Outcome measures were onset of wheeze since age 15 yrs (ever wheeze) and wheeze occurring in the past 12 months (current wheeze). After adjusting for the effects of smoking, socioeconomic status, atopy, family history of atopic disease and total energy intake, intakes of vitamin E (odds ratio (OR) = 4.02 for low compared to high tertile of intake) and plasma levels of ascorbate (OR = 0.98 per unit) and alpha-tocopherol:triglyceride ratio (OR = 0.34 per log(e) unit) were inversely related to adult-onset wheeze. In analyses stratified by social class and smoking, intakes of vitamin C and E and plasma levels of ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol:triglyceride ratio were inversely related to current wheeze in the manual social class and among current smokers. No independent associations of vitamin A, beta-carotene or total plasma antioxidant capacity were found. The results support the hypothesis that deficiencies of vitamins C and E are associated with wheezing symptoms. Smokers in the manual social class are particularly susceptible to these effects.
The natural history of bone marrow lesions in community-based adults with no clinical knee osteoarthritis
Authors: M L Davies-Tuck, A E Wluka, Y Wang, D R English, G G Giles, F Cicuttini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Although bone marrow lesions (BML) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, their natural history in a healthy population is unknown. This study in a healthy, pain-free population aimed to examine the natural history of BML; factors associated with incidence and progression of BML over 2 years and whether incident BML are associated with the development of pain. <h3>Methods:</h3> 271 subjects with no clinical knee osteoarthritis, being pain free at baseline, underwent magnetic resonance imaging of their dominant knee at baseline and 2 years later. The presence of BML was assessed. <h3>Results:</h3> In knees initially free of BML, incident BML developed in 14% of people over the study period. Increased body mass index (BMI; odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.2, p = 0.001) was associated with incident BML. Those who developed a BML were more likely to develop knee pain compared with those in whom no BML developed (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 15.1, p = 0.03). Among those in whom BML were present at baseline, 46% completely resolved. There was no association between age, gender and BMI and persistence of BML over 2 years. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> In this healthy population, the rate of incident BML is lower than previously described in a population with osteoarthritis. Incident BML are associated with increased BMI and the development of pain. Approximately half the BML present at baseline resolved. These data suggest that in pain-free people with no clinical knee osteoarthritis, BML are reversible and may provide a target for interventions aimed at the prevention of knee osteoarthritis.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of romiplostim treatment of patients with low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome receiving lenalidomide
Authors: Eunice S Wang, Roger M Lyons, Richard A Larson, Sunil Gandhi, Delong Liu, Carmen Matei, Bart Scott, Kuolung Hu, Allen S Yang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2012)

Lenalidomide treatment in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may lead to thrombocytopenia and dose reductions/delays. This study evaluated the safety and tolerability of the thrombopoietin mimetic romiplostim and its effects on the incidence of clinically significant thrombocytopenic events (CSTEs) in lower risk MDS patients receiving lenalidomide.Patients were assigned to weekly placebo (n = 12) or romiplostim 500 μg (n = 14) or 750 μg (n = 13) for four 28-day lenalidomide cycles.The treatment groups were generally similar with respect to baseline disease characteristics. Del(5q) abnormalities were noted in 1 (8%) patient in the placebo group, 3 (21%) in the romiplostim 500 μg group, and two (15%) in the 750 μg group. CSTEs were noted in 8 (67%) patients in the placebo group, 4 (29%) in the romiplostim 500 μg group, and 8 (62%) in the romiplostim 750 μg group. Throughout the study, median platelet counts trended lower in placebo-treated than in romiplostim-treated patients. Thrombocytopenia-related adjustments in lenalidomide occurred in 6 (50%) patients in the placebo group, 5 (36%) in the romiplostim 500 μg group, and 2 (15%) in the 750 μg group. Although the percentages of patients who received platelet transfusions were similar across treatment groups, there was a trend toward lower numbers of transfusions in both romiplostim groups during each treatment cycle. There were two serious treatment-related adverse events during the treatment period (cerebrovascular accident, placebo; worsening thrombocytopenia, romiplostim 500 μg). Two patients (romiplostim 500 and 750 μg, respectively) had an increase in bone marrow blasts to >20% during treatment, but had no post-treatment biopsy to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of progression to AML.These data suggest that romiplostim administered to MDS patients during lenalidomide treatment may decrease the frequency of dose reductions/delays due to thrombocytopenia. Additional study is needed to confirm the results of this preliminary trial.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00418665.