tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The immunological component of the cellular inflammatory infiltrate in bronchiectasis.
Authors: J R Silva, J A Jones, P J Cole, L W Poulter
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Immunohistological analysis of bronchial biopsy specimens from nine patients with bronchiectasis and four control subjects was performed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies selected to show lymphocyte and macrophage subsets and signs of cellular activation. The cells taking part in the inflammatory response in the bronchial wall of patients with bronchiectasis were almost exclusively mononuclear cells, most of them T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes were observed in biopsy specimens from only two out of nine patients. CD8+ T cells outnumbered CD4+ cells in all patients in a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 10:1. Most T lymphocytes also strongly expressed CD7 antigen and a proportion of them expressed HLA-DR. Most of the lymphocytic infiltration occurred just beneath the basement membrane of the epithelium, though intraepithelial and submucosal infiltration was also seen. Non-lymphoid mononuclear cells expressing the phenotype of dendritic cells and macrophages were found dispersed throughout the infiltrate, most of them expressing HLA-DR. These observations support the hypothesis that cell mediated immunological reactions contribute to the inflammation associated with bronchiectasis.
Psychosocial and psychological interventions for prevention of postnatal depression: systematic review
Authors: Cindy-Lee Dennis
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the effects of psychosocial and psychological interventions compared with usual antepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum care on the risk of postnatal depression. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Cochrane pregnancy and childbirth group trials register, Cochrane depression, anxiety, and neurosis trials register, secondary references and review articles, and experts in the field. <b>Study selection</b> All published and unpublished randomised controlled trials of preventive psychosocial or psychological interventions in which the primary or secondary aim was a reduction in the risk of postnatal depression. All trials recruited pregnant women or new mothers less than six weeks postpartum. Eligible studies were abstracted, assessed for methodological quality, and pooled with relative risk for categorical data and weighted mean difference for continuous data. <b>Results</b> Fifteen trials with 7697 women were included. Although there was no overall statistically significant effect on the prevention of postnatal depression in the meta-analysis of all types of interventions (15 trials, n = 7697; relative risk 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.02), these results suggest a potential reduction in postnatal depression. The only intervention to have a clear preventive effect was intensive postpartum support provided by a health professional (0.68, 0.55 to 0.84). Identifying women "at risk" assisted in the prevention of postnatal depression (0.67, 0.51 to 0.89). Interventions with only a postnatal component were more beneficial (0.76, 0.58 to 0.98) than interventions that incorporated an antenatal component. In addition, individually based interventions were more effective (0.76, 0.59 to 1.00) than group based interventions (1.03, 0.65 to 1.63). <b>Conclusions</b> Diverse psychosocial or psychological interventions do not significantly reduce the number of women who develop postnatal depression. The most promising intervention is the provision of intensive, professionally based postpartum support.
Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks: Drug Repositioning in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jing Wang, Lauren Averett Byers
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Summary: Jahchan and colleagues report the use of a biostatistical analysis to identify effective therapeutics for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Their results reveal a new use for the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine in SCLC and shed light on the therapeutic potential of drug repositioning in cancer and other diseases. Cancer Discov; 3(12); 1333–5. ©2013 AACR. See related article by Jahchan et al., p. 1364
Bronchiectasis complicating chronic lymphatic leukaemia with hypogammaglobulinaemia.
Authors: G K Knowles, R Stanhope, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Bronchiectasis may occur as a consequence of hypogammaglobulinaemia.1 It has also recently been reported in children with normal serum immuno- globulins who had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.2We report an adult with chronic lymphatic leukaemia complicated by depressed IgG and IgA levels in both serum and respiratory secretions who developed bronchiectasis and sinusitis while on chemotherapy.We can find no previous report of this association. Case reportA 60-year-old man presented in June 1972 with malaise, generalised lymphadenopathy, and hepato- splenomegaly.He had been healthy previously with no history of childhood measles or whooping cough.He smoked six cigarettes per day, but had no cough or sputum.His chest was clear on examination and chest radiography was normal.His haemoglobin was 12 0 g/dl, white cell count 180x 109/1 with 93°' lymphocytes, 300 neutrophils, and 2 °O monocytes, and platelet count 70 x 109/1.Bone marrow showed a hypocellular specimen composed mainly of lymphocytes with scanty megakaryocytes.Treatment
Modulation of the transcription regulatory program in yeast cells committed to sporulation.
Authors: Gilgi Friedlander, Daphna Joseph-Strauss, Miri Carmi, Drora Zenvirth, Giora Simchen, Naama Barkai
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Abstract Background Meiosis in budding yeast is coupled to the process of sporulation, where the four haploid nuclei are packaged into a gamete. This differentiation process is characterized by a point of transition, termed commitment, when it becomes independent of the environment. Not much is known about the mechanisms underlying commitment, but it is often assumed that positive feedback loops stabilize the underlying gene-expression cascade. Results We describe the gene-expression program of committed cells. Sporulating cells were transferred back to growth medium at different stages of the process, and their transcription response was characterized. Most sporulation-induced genes were immediately downregulated upon transfer, even in committed cells that continued to sporulate. Focusing on the metabolic-related transcription response, we observed that pre-committed cells, as well as mature spores, responded to the transfer to growth medium in essentially the same way that vegetative cells responded to glucose. In contrast, committed cells elicited a dramatically different response. Conclusion Our results suggest that cells ensure commitment to sporulation not by stabilizing the process, but by modulating their gene-expression program in an active manner. This unique transcriptional program may optimize sporulation in an environment-specific manner.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus killer T cells are lethal only in weakly disseminated murine infections.
Authors: C J Pfau, J K Valenti, D C Pevear, K D Hunt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Two types of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) viruses were studied which, upon intracerebral injection into adult C3H mice, provoked either (a) acute fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease or (b) life-long persistent infection. Both virus types, (a) aggressive and (b) docile, had been found to induce LCM-specific lymphocytes with comparable in vitro lytic activity (11). Because the requirement for T cells in the development of adult LCM disease has been extensively documented, we sought other reasons for the lack of acute disease in mice infected with docile virus. A striking correlation was found between the outcome of the infection and spread of virus to visceral organs. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that a 300-plaque forming unit inoculum of docile virus induced a population of T cells in donor mice fully capable of causing CNS disease in identically infected recipients. This disease causing ability was lost if the interaction was delayed beyond 3 d after infection of the recipients, but could be preserved by lowering the size of the viral inoculum in the recipients. Furthermore, without adoptive transfer, very low intracerebral doses of docile virus (which mimicked the normally slow spread of aggressive virus) were lethal. On the other hand, very high doses of aggressive virus, which mimicked the normally rapid spread of docile virus, did not induce fatal CNS disease. The results suggest that rapid dissemination of the LCM infection creates multiple target organs which divert the focused lethal T cell attack on the brain.
Selective Inhibition of CYP17 With Abiraterone Acetate Is Highly Active in the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gerhardt Attard, Alison H.M. Reid, Roger A'Hern, Christopher Parker, Nikhil Babu Oommen, Elizabeth Folkerd, Christina Messiou, L. Rhoda Molife, Gal Maier, Emilda Thompson, David Olmos, Rajesh Sinha, Gloria Lee, Mitch Dowsett, Stan B. Kaye, David Dearnaley, Thian Kheoh, Arturo Molina, Johann S. de Bono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose It has been postulated that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) commonly remains hormone dependent. Abiraterone acetate is a potent, selective, and orally available inhibitor of CYP17, the key enzyme in androgen and estrogen biosynthesis. Patients and Methods This was a phase I/II study of abiraterone acetate in castrate, chemotherapy-naive CRPC patients (n = 54) with phase II expansion at 1,000 mg (n = 42) using a two-stage design to reject the null hypothesis if more than seven patients had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of ≥ 50% (null hypothesis = 0.1; alternative hypothesis = 0.3; α = .05; β = .14). Computed tomography scans every 12 weeks and circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration were performed. Prospective reversal of resistance at progression by adding dexamethasone 0.5 mg/d to suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone and upstream steroids was pursued. Results A decline in PSA of ≥ 50% was observed in 28 (67%) of 42 phase II patients, and declines of ≥ 90% were observed in eight (19%) of 42 patients. Independent radiologic evaluation reported partial responses (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) in nine (37.5%) of 24 phase II patients with measurable disease. Decreases in CTC counts were also documented. The median time to PSA progression (TTPP) on abiraterone acetate alone for all phase II patients was 225 days (95% CI, 162 to 287 days). Exploratory analyses were performed on all 54 phase I/II patients; the addition of dexamethasone at disease progression reversed resistance in 33% of patients regardless of prior treatment with dexamethasone, and pretreatment serum androgen and estradiol levels were associated with a probability of ≥ 50% PSA decline and TTPP on abiraterone acetate and dexamethasone. Conclusion CYP17 blockade by abiraterone acetate results in declines in PSA and CTC counts and radiologic responses, confirming that CRPC commonly remains hormone driven.
Genome sequencing of the high oil crop sesame provides insight into oil biosynthesis
Authors: Linhai Wang, Sheng Yu, Chaobo Tong, Yingzhong Zhao, Yan Liu, Chi Song, Yanxin Zhang, Xudong Zhang, Ying Wang, Wei Hua, Donghua Li, Dan Li, Fang Li, Jingyin Yu, Chunyan Xu, Xuelian Han, Shunmou Huang, Shuaishuai Tai, Junyi Wang, Xun Xu, Yingrui Li, Shengyi Liu, Rajeev K Varshney, Jun Wang, Xiurong Zhang
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., is considered the queen of oilseeds for its high oil content and quality, and is grown widely in tropical and subtropical areas as an important source of oil and protein. However, the molecular biology of sesame is largely unexplored.Here, we report a high-quality genome sequence of sesame assembled de novo with a contig N50 of 52.2 kb and a scaffold N50 of 2.1 Mb, containing an estimated 27,148 genes. The results reveal novel, independent whole genome duplication and the absence of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain in resistance genes. Candidate genes and oil biosynthetic pathways contributing to high oil content were discovered by comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses. These revealed the expansion of type 1 lipid transfer genes by tandem duplication, the contraction of lipid degradation genes, and the differential expression of essential genes in the triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway, particularly in the early stage of seed development. Resequencing data in 29 sesame accessions from 12 countries suggested that the high genetic diversity of lipid-related genes might be associated with the wide variation in oil content. Additionally, the results shed light on the pivotal stage of seed development, oil accumulation and potential key genes for sesamin production, an important pharmacological constituent of sesame.As an important species from the order Lamiales and a high oil crop, the sesame genome will facilitate future research on the evolution of eudicots, as well as the study of lipid biosynthesis and potential genetic improvement of sesame.
Nutrition in Medical Education
Authors: Marion Nestle, Robert B. Baron
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
CYSTINURIA: METABOLISM OF THE DISULFIDE OF CYSTEINE AND HOMOCYSTEINE*
Authors: George W. Frimpter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

The isolation and identification of the asymmetrical disulfide of L-cysteine and L-homocysteine, hereafter referred to as   were previously described (1). At that time the amino acid had been found only in the urine of patients with cystinuria. This paper attempts to explain the origin and significance of the mixed disulfide. In approaching this work, I first assessed the natural occurrence of mixed disulfide. To increase the compound's sensitivity to detection in a complicated area of the chromatogram, it was rendered radioactive by the administration of L-methionine-S35. The radioactive mixed disulfide was isolated from the urine of a patient with cystinuria after he was fed L-methionine-S35, and the specific activities of the two sulfur atoms were compared to each other and to cystine sulfur. The mixed disulfide, synthesized with S35 was administered to a patient with cystinuria, and its fate was studied. Finally, to define the role of the kidney in metabolism of the compound, concentrations in renal venous blood were compared with those in arterial blood.
Selective arterial embolization for life threatening hemobilia after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement
Authors: Juan González-Abraldes, Eduardo Moitinho, Juan C GarcÍa-Pagán, Angels Escorsell, Juan M Salmerón, Rosa Gilabert, Maribel Real, Xavier Muntanyá, Jaime Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: N. J. Aburto, S. Hanson, H. Gutierrez, L. Hooper, P. Elliott, F. P. Cappuccio
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analyses to fill the gaps in knowledge on potassium intake and health.Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database, and the reference lists of previous reviews.Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies reporting the effects of potassium intake on blood pressure, renal function, blood lipids, catecholamine concentrations, all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease were included.Potential studies were independently screened in duplicate, and their characteristics and outcomes were extracted. When possible, meta-analysis was done to estimate the effects (mean difference or risk ratio with 95% confidence interval) of higher potassium intake by using the inverse variance method and a random effect model.22 randomised controlled trials (including 1606 participants) reporting blood pressure, blood lipids, catecholamine concentrations, and renal function and 11 cohort studies (127,038 participants) reporting all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, or coronary heart disease in adults were included in the meta-analyses. Increased potassium intake reduced systolic blood pressure by 3.49 (95% confidence interval 1.82 to 5.15) mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 1.96 (0.86 to 3.06) mm Hg in adults, an effect seen in people with hypertension but not in those without hypertension. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 7.16 (1.91 to 12.41) mm Hg when the higher potassium intake was 90-120 mmol/day, without any dose response. Increased potassium intake had no significant adverse effect on renal function, blood lipids, or catecholamine concentrations in adults. An inverse statistically significant association was seen between potassium intake and risk of incident stroke (risk ratio 0.76, 0.66 to 0.89). Associations between potassium intake and incident cardiovascular disease (risk ratio 0.88, 0.70 to 1.11) or coronary heart disease (0.96, 0.78 to 1.19) were not statistically significant. In children, three controlled trials and one cohort study suggested that increased potassium intake reduced systolic blood pressure by a non-significant 0.28 (-0.49 to 1.05) mm Hg.High quality evidence shows that increased potassium intake reduces blood pressure in people with hypertension and has no adverse effect on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, or renal function in adults. Higher potassium intake was associated with a 24% lower risk of stroke (moderate quality evidence). These results suggest that increased potassium intake is potentially beneficial to most people without impaired renal handling of potassium for the prevention and control of elevated blood pressure and stroke.
THE PREPARATION AND FUNCTION OF THE HYPERTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME
Authors: Leonard T. Skeggs, Joseph R. Kahn, Norman P. Shumway
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

It has been shown by use of isolated, perfused rat kidneys that hypertensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor substance while hypertensin I is not. Hence it would appear that in intact animals the pressor activity of hypertensin I results from its rapid conversion to hypertensin II. An enzyme which effects this conversion has been procured from horse plasma in a semipurified form by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation and isoelectric precipitation. A method is described for estimating the activity of the enzyme. An example of the use of the preparation in converting purified hypertensin I to hypertensin II has been described.
Noninvasive characterization of stunned, hibernating, remodeled and nonviable myocardium in ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jagat Narula, Martin S Dawson, Binoy K Singh, Aman Amanullah, Elmo R Acio, Farooq A Chaudhry, Ramin B Arani, Ami E Iskandrian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Combining risk factors with faecal immunochemical test outcome for selecting CRC screenees for colonoscopy
Authors: Inge Stegeman, Thomas R de Wijkerslooth, Esther M Stoop, Monique E van Leerdam, Evelien Dekker, Marjolein van Ballegooijen, Ernst J Kuipers, Paul Fockens, Roderik A Kraaijenhagen, Patrick M Bossuyt
Journal: Gut (2013)

Objective Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is increasingly used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening but has a less than perfect sensitivity. Combining risk stratification, based on established risk factors for advanced neoplasia, with the FIT result for allocating screenees to colonoscopy could increase the sensitivity and diagnostic yield of FIT-based screening. We explored the use of a risk prediction model in CRC screening. Design We collected data in the colonoscopy arm of the Colonoscopy or Colonography for Screening study, a multicentre screening trial. For this study 6600 randomly selected, asymptomatic men and women between 50 years and 75 years of age were invited to undergo colonoscopy. Screening participants were asked for one sample FIT (OC-sensor) and to complete a risk questionnaire prior to colonoscopy. Based on the questionnaire data and the FIT results, we developed a multivariable risk model with the following factors: total calcium intake, family history, age and FIT result. We evaluated goodness-of-fit, calibration and discrimination, and compared it with a model based on primary screening with FIT only. Results Of the 1426 screening participants, 1112 (78%) completed the questionnaire and FIT. Of these, 101 (9.1%) had advanced neoplasia. The risk based model significantly increased the goodness-of-fit compared with a model based on FIT only (p<0.001). Discrimination improved significantly with the risk-based model (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve: from 0.69 to 0.76, (p=0.02)). Calibration was good (Hosmer-Lemeshow test; p=0.94). By offering colonoscopy to the 102 patients at highest risk, rather than to the 102 cases with a FIT result >50 ng/mL, 5 more cases of advanced neoplasia would be detected (net reclassification improvement 0.054, p=0.073). Conclusions Adding risk based stratification increases the accuracy FIT-based CRC screening and could be used in preselection for colonoscopy in CRC screening programmes.