tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stable incidence of advanced breast cancer argues against screening effectiveness
Authors: P. Autier, C. Pizot, M. Boniol
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Swedish trials on mammography screening of women aged 40-74 years indicated that two to four rounds of screening could significantly reduce the risk of being diagnosed with and dying from advanced breast cancer.1 Because stage at diagnosis is independent of treatment efficacy, the trials concluded that the introduction of screening in general populations …
Cardioprotection by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - the experimental evidence
Authors: J. R Parratt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Cardioprotection by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - the experimental evidence Get access James R Parratt James R Parratt Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Gl 1 XW, United Kingdom: Professor J R Parratt. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 2, February 1994, Pages 183–189, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.2.183 Published: 01 February 1994 Article history Received: 25 June 1993 Accepted: 16 September 1993 Published: 01 February 1994
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Plasmid Construction and Delivery for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Suna Choi, Seungjoon Oh, Minhyung Lee, Sung Wan Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino-acid hormone produced by intestinal L cells. It has been proposed that GLP-1 can be used as a new treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus because it acts to augment insulin secretion and its effectiveness is maintained in type 2 diabetic patients. Despite its many remarkable advantages as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, GLP-1 is not immediately clinically applicable because of its extremely short half-life. One way to overcome this drawback is GLP1 gene delivery, which enables GLP-1 production in the body. In this study, the effect of GLP1 gene delivery was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using a new plasmid constructed with a GLP1 (7–37) cDNA. The expression of the GLP1 gene was driven by a SV40 promoter/enhancer. To increase the expression level of GLP-1, nuclear factor κB binding sites were introduced. The in vitro results showed expression of GLP-1 and in vitro activity of GLP-1, which is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic action. A single systemic administration of polyethyleneimine/pSIGLP1NFκB complex into DIO mice resulted in increasing insulin secretion and decreasing blood glucose levels for a duration longer than 2 weeks.
Serum digoxin in patients with thyroid disease.
Authors: M S Croxson, H K Ibbertson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Serum digoxin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 17 hyperthyroid and 16 hypothyroid patients after a seven-day course of oral digoxin. The significantly higher levels of serum digoxin in patients with hypothyroidism and lower levels in those with hyperthyroidism were closely related to the measured changes of glomerular filtration rate and digoxin serum half time in these two groups. Differences in serum digoxin concentration contribute to the altered sensitivity to digoxin shown by patients with thyroid disease.
The Physiologic Generation Cycle of Woman.
Authors: Geo. W. Reese
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Mahanoy City, Pa., Sept. 9, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, September 5, page 627, synopsis of Dr. Jennie G. Drennan's paper on the "Physiologic Generation Cycle of Woman," the following statement is made: In mammals and primitive woman ovulation occurs at distinct periods of the year and at no other time. Mating with the primitive woman was much like that of the brute creation now; as soon as she was sexually mature she married and entered on the physiologic cycle of a mammal, etc. It has seemed to me in the course of my studies that ovulation depended more on the abundance of food at the command of woman than any other cause, regardless of the stage at which she lived in the history of civilization. I wish Dr. Drennan would state the grounds on which she bases her statement, for it is a very interesting scientific fact
A Simple Automated Method for Measuring Pressure–Volume Curves during Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: QIN LU, SILVIA R. R. VIEIRA, JACK RICHECOEUR, LOUIS PUYBASSET, PIERRE KALFON, PIERRE CORIAT, JEAN-JACQUES ROUBY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Measurement of respiratory compliance is advocated for assessing the severity of acute respiratory failure (ARF). Recently, the administration of an automated constant flow of 15 L/min was proposed as a method easier to implement at the bedside than supersyringe or inspiratory occlusions methods. However, pressure-volume (P-V) curves were shifted to the right because of the resistive properties of the respiratory system. The aim of this study was to compare the P-V curves obtained using two constant flows-3 and 9 L/min-during volume-controlled mechanical ventilation with those obtained with the supersyringe and the inspiratory occlusions methods. Fourteen paralyzed patients with ARF were studied. The supersyringe and the inspiratory occlusions methods were performed according to usual recommendations. The new automated method was performed during volume-controlled mechanical ventilation by setting the inspiratory:expiratory ratio at 80%, the respiratory frequency at 5 breaths/min, and the tidal volume at 500 or 1,500 ml. These peculiar ventilatory settings were equivalent to administering a constant flow of 3 or 9 L/min during a 9.6-s inspiration. Esophageal and airway pressures were recorded. P-V curves obtained by the 3-L/min constant-flow method were identical to those obtained by the reference methods, whereas the P-V curve obtained by the 9-L/min constant flow was slightly shifted to the right. The slopes of the P-V curves and the lower inflection points were not different between all methods, indicating that the resistive component induced by administering a constant flow equal to or less than 9 L/min is not of clinical relevance. Because the 3-L/min constant-flow method is not artifacted by the resistive properties of the respiratory system and does not require any other equipment than a ventilator, it is an easy-to-implement, inexpensive, safe, and reliable method for measuring the thoracopulmonary P-V curve at the bedside.
Abstract 5199: Tumor vascularization by endothelial differentiation of endometrial cancer stem cells
Authors: Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Satoru Kyo, Xivzhi Zhang, Masahiro Takakura, Yoshiko Maida, Yasunari Mizumoto, Yukiko Bono, Toshiyuki Sasagawa, Masaki Inoue
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Evidence for existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been reported in several malignant tumors. CSCs have properties of self-renewal, tumorigenesis and multilineage differentiation. Many studies about CSCs have focused on self-renewal, tumorigenesis. However, it is unclear about multilineage differentiation. Our previous study showed CD133 was a CSC marker and a critical prognostic marker in endometrial cancer. In that study, we demonstrated that CD133+ cells were capable of generating both CD133+ and CD133- cells, whereas CD133 cells did not generate CD133+ cells, indicating that CD133+ CSCs have a differential ability. The present study investigated endothelial differentiation of endometrial cancer cells. We have established endometrial cancer cells from normal human endometrial epithelial cells by introduction of HPV16 E6/E7, hTERT and K-ras genes (EM-E6/E7/hTERT/K-ras cells). Histological findings of tumors formed from EM-E6/E7/hTERT/K-ras cells showed that tumors were composed of solid and vascular regions. Vascular regions were stained human-specific anti-CD31 antibody, suggesting that EM-E6/E7/hTERT/K-Ras cells are capable of differentiating to endothelial cells. Subcutaneous xenografts from clinical samples in endometrial cancer also demonstrated that human endometrial tumors contained human vessels labeled by human-specific anti-CD31 antibody. Endothelial tube formation assay (in vitro angiogenesis) revealed that isolated CD133+ endometrial cancer cells could show tube formation while CD133- cells could not, indicating that CD133+ endometrial cancer cells had an ability of endothelial differentiation. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed high expression of VEGFR1 in CD133+ cells. We demonstrated a new function of CSCs in endometrial cancer cells. These findings shed light on the establishment of new target therapy to endometrial cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5199. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5199
Eosinophilic cellulitis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus
Authors: C.W. Farrar, D.M. Guerin, N.J.E. Wilson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome) has been previously reported in only two cases of non‐haematological malignancy: a 42‐year‐old woman with anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),1 and a 17‐year‐old girl with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.2 We report a case of eosinophilic cellulitis occurring in a patient with SCC of the bronchus. A 79‐year‐old woman presented with a 1‐month history of an asymptomatic erythematous rash which had developed rapidly over the abdomen, chest and thighs. Twelve months prior to presentation she had undergone a right‐sided lobectomy for a poorly differentiated SCC of the bronchus. Her only medication was ibuprofen, which she took intermittently for arthralgia. The rash consisted of infiltrated annular plaques, with central areas of pallor and regression. Histology of a biopsy taken from a typical plaque showed classical features of eosinophilic cellulitis, with a dense perivascular and diffuse infiltrate of eosinophils within the dermis (Fig. 1). Typical flame figures were also identified. Haematological investigations revealed a circulating eosinophilia, 0·6 × 109 L−1 (normal 0·03–0·06 × 109). The rash settled without treatment, but recurred within 2 months. This second episode resolved with cetirizine 10 mg daily, and the eosinophil count returned to normal.
Coronary Collateral Size, Flow Capacity, and Growth
Authors: Julia Rockstroh, B. Greg Brown
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Stimulation of coronary collateral growth has potential clinical value, yet techniques to assess such growth in patients are limited. Methods and Results — A cineangiographic approach to classify the dominant collaterals and to quantify their lumen caliber and flow capacity was developed and validated. For measurement of 0.4- to 1.5-mm-diameter phantoms, mean error ranged from −0.01 to +0.02 mm. To illustrate the utility of such a method, 52 collateral pathways were measured in 13 patients with 17 occluded arteries before and after 10 years of intensive lipid therapy. The mean variance, ς, of 9 separate measurements of each collateral was ±0.101 mm. At pretreatment, collateral diameter averaged 0.50±0.11 mm (SD) (range, 0.3 to 1.4 mm) without tapering or central narrowing. Over 10 years, mean increase in diameter was +16% ( P =0.028); in area, +64% ( P =0.015); and in estimated flow capacity, +214% ( P =0.009). Certain lipoprotein characteristics tended to predict collateral growth. Patients for whom angina disappeared during 10 years had a greater increase in flow capacity than those for whom it persisted (+331% versus 4%; P =0.05). Conclusions — Coronary collateral diameter can be estimated with a precision of 0.10 mm. Flow capacity of the network is well approximated by measurement of the 2 or 3 largest connections serving an occluded artery. Initial studies with this method show that disappearance of angina is significantly associated with growth in collateral flow capacity. Collateral growth tends to associate with lipid therapy and with certain in-treatment lipid measures.
Sherrington—His Life and Thought
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This is more than a biography; it is an appraisal of a remarkable man with carefully selected excerpts from his work by two equally remarkable men who were among Sherrington's distinguished group of trainees. Sherrington might well be called the father of modern neurological science, although many of his contemporaries made substantial contributions. Born in 1857, he died in 1952, and therefore, he lived during, wrote about, and reflected on the most adventuresome period in medical science. During his life, Sherrington was held in respect, admiration, and affection by most of the great medical scientists both in England and abroad. He carried on lively discussions and correspondence with men like Rudolph Virchow, Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Sir William Osier, Sir Howard Florey, and many more. In this book we catch fascinating glimpses of these giants of medicine through Sherrington's letters. Both Eccles and Gibson studied under Sherrington and have brought
Persistently raised alkaline phosphatase in a woman with osteomalacia
Authors: H U Rehman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 45 year old woman was referred by psychiatrists for assessment of raised alkaline phosphatase. She had been admitted to a psychiatry ward for management of schizophrenia and was being treated with fluphenazine and olanzapine. She had been otherwise well and denied any gastrointestinal symptoms or any bone or muscle pains. Her blood tests results were as follows (normal ranges in brackets)): 

Abdominal ultrasound showed normal physiology in the gallbladder, common bile duct, common hepatic duct, and liver parenchyma. Further tests showed that the patient was vitamin D deficient, with a serum level of calcidiol of 23 nmol/l (normal range 25-250 nmol/l). Tests for anti-nuclear and anti-mitochondrial antibodies were negative. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) 5000 units daily and calcium 1500 mg daily were commenced. 

Three months later, the patient’s calcidiol level was still only 22 nmol/l. On repeat testing, her alkaline phosphatase concentration had risen to 573 U/l. Vitamin D2 was replaced with calcitriol 0.25 µg daily. Her calcidiol concentration went up to 126 nmol/l and alkaline phosphatase came down to 253 U/l when tested three months later. 

Over the next five months, the patient’s alkaline phosphatase concentration ranged from 267 U/l to 279 U/l, despite normal levels of calcidiol (i.e., 165 nmol/l). Given that the patient had no gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional vitamin D deficiency was thought to be the cause of her vitamin deficiency. However, the biochemical abnormalities did not return to normal after vitamin D replacement. Further investigations were positive for coeliac antibodies (normal values in brackets):

Anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA >200 U/ml (<10)

Anti-gliadin …
Clinic Explores Novel Approaches to Improving Health in Hispanic Community
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

PEOPLE WHO live in ZIP code 79905 are among the poorest of the poor in the fourth-most impoverished city in the United States. The population of this Texas community, which butts up against the US-Mexico border in eastern El Paso, consists mostly of native-born Mexican Americans and documented and undocumented Mexican immigrants. Until the establishment of a community clinic in 1990 run by a Presbyterian ministry called Project Vida (meaning Life), most members of this neighborhood had few options when they became ill. They either ignored their problems, crossed the border for cheaper, more accessible health care offered in Mexico, or turned to the emergency department of Thomason, El Paso County's public hospital. But as is well known, care provided by emergency departments is not only expensive, it usually is not the best kind of medicine for nonemergency problems. In an attempt to decrease inappropriate use of its emergency department
Letter to the editor concerning ‘Elevated serum antibodies against insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 allow detecting early-stage cancers: evidences from glioma and colorectal carcinoma studies’
Authors: W.A. Hassan, M. Bjerre, R. Hjortebjerg, N.E. Magnusson, N. Ramshanker, J. Frystyk
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Machine Medicine and Its Relation to the Fatally Ill
Authors: Howard P. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The remarkable advance of medicine has brought immense benefits to man. At the same time it has created problems, strange and uncomfortable dimensions, in the spiritual, moral, ethical, and economic aspects of the care of the dying. We can restore life to some whose hearts have stopped. It is possible to resist the advance of certain fatal diseases for long periods. Malfunctioning organs are replaced with those that function, or devices are available to assist or take over their function. Drugs and mechanical devices can prolong the life of a dying person for long periods. Many live and are active after having literally been brought from the dead by our resuscitative skills. Others live comfortably with artificial heart valves or implanted cardiac pacemakers. The artificial kidney, immunosuppressive agents, steroids, and cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, and a host of other agents are important and relatively new means of prolonging life and avoiding
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome with Granulomatous Colitis
Authors: ROGER A. SCHINELLA, M. ALBA GRECO, BARTON L. COBERT, LARRY W. DENMARK, RODY P. COX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome consists of tyrosine-positive albinism, a defect in the second phase of platelet aggregation, and widespread accumulation of a ceroidlike pigment in tissue. Pulmonary fibrosis has also been reported. In this paper, we describe two families with documented Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in which four members, two from each family, developed granulomatous colitis. This adds another disease entity to those associated with this syndrome. We discuss possible connecting links between these disease expressions.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Cardiac Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Antonis S. Manolis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To review the radiofrequency ablation method, describe the technique, and discuss the indications, results, and limitations of its use in patients with cardiac tachyarrhythmias. Data Sources: Peer-reviewed reports in the literature by clinical investigators who use radiofrequency catheter ablation as identified by a MEDLINE search and our own experience with this intervention in 214 patients with cardiac tachyarrhythmias. Study Selection: All articles reporting results of radiofrequency ablation for cardiac tachyarrhythmias and articles describing the ablation technique or comparing it with direct-current or surgical methods. Results of Data Synthesis: Percutaneous catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias using high-voltage, direct current was limited by a high complication rate and a need for general anesthesia. This method was recently replaced by a new safe and efficacious technique using low-voltage, high-frequency (radiofrequency) alternating current. Nonsurgical cure of many supraventricular arrhythmias is now feasible with radiofrequency ablation, especially in patients with accessory pathways or atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. For these arrhythmias, success rates are greater than 90%. The indications for ablation include preexcitation syndromes, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and other selected atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. The efficacy and safety profile of this technique has made it feasible for children as well as adults. Conclusions: Percutaneous radiofrequency catheter ablation has evolved as a safe and effective method for managing and curing the two most common forms of supraventricular tachycardia: those associated with preexcitation syndromes and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this method or to evaluate alternative transcatheter techniques in patients with atrial tachycardias and, more importantly, in the large population of patients with ischemic ventricular tachycardia.
Antileukotactic properties of tumor cells.
Authors: J P Brozna, P A Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

A chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) has been found in extracts of Walker and Novikoff tumor cells maintained in rats. The CFI directly inactivates the bacterial chemotactic factor as well as the leukotactic activity (fro both neutrophils and monocytes) associated with C3 and C5 fragments and with culture fluids of lectin-stimulated lymphoid cells. The inactivation of the bacterial chemotactic factor is temperature and pH dependent. Subcellular fractionation procedures indicate that CFI is largely associated with the microsomal and cytosol fractions of tumor cells. CFI activity is also found in rat neutrophils, alveolar macrophages, and in extracts of liver, spleen, and kidney from normal animals. CFI derived from normal tissues also directly inactivates the bacterial chemotactic factor and has the ability to inactivate chemotactic activity associated with C3 and C5 fragments. A feature of the tumor-associated CFI is its presence in ascitic fluids of animals bearing tumor cells and the relative absence of any CFI activity in acute inflammatory exudates. The finding of the tumor-associated CFI may explain, at least in part, the tendency of malignant tumor cells to suppress cellular inflammatory reactions.
Risk of breast cancer in women with history of benign disease of the breast.
Authors: M M Roberts, V Jones, R A Elton, R W Fortt, S Williams, I H Gravelle
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A consecutive series of 791 women who had attended diagnostic breast clinics during 1967-70 and been found to be free of malignant disease were later traced to determine their subsequent incidence of breast cancer. Of the 770 (97%) successfully traced, 22 had developed breast cancer. Based on data from the Welsh Cancer Registry only eight cases of breast cancer had been expected, so that the excess risk for the group was 2.7. The increased risk occurred in all age groups and in women deemed "essentially normal" as well as in those who had had a pathological abnormality. The risk was increased when epithelial hyperplasia was present. No excess mortality from breast cancer was apparent, but follow up was short. More breast symptoms were experienced and more biopsies performed than expected in this group of women. Women with a past history of benign breast disease have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer. Selective screening of these women, however, may be uneconomic and a cause of groundless anxiety.