tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 18F-FDG Excretion Patterns in Malignant Obstructive Uropathy
Authors: Arthur Cho, Yong Eun Chung, Jae-hoon Lee, Mijin Yun, Jong Doo Lee, Won Jun Kang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

This study aims to evaluate whether (18)F-FDG excretion patterns reflect renal function in malignant obstructive uropathy and to evaluate if these patterns predict internal ureteral stent success.One hundred twelve patients who underwent PET/CT for abdominal tumors and displayed hydronephrosis on CT and 59 patients who underwent PET/CT for cancer screening were included in a retrospective study. Hydronephrosis was graded by initial CT and correlated with visual analysis of (18)F-FDG renal parenchymal uptake and excretion patterns. Stent insertion was performed for 84 patients after PET. Follow-up CT was reviewed for hydronephrosis improvement.There were 4 PET patterns in obstructive hydronephrosis which correlated linearly with hydronephrosis severity and serum creatinine levels. Patients with no parenchymal retention and renal excretion (PET pattern 1) showed 97% (28/29) hydronephrosis improvement after stent insertion, and patients with no parenchymal retention and no renal excretion showed 0% (0/9) hydronephrosis improvement after stent insertion. Multivariate analysis showed creatinine levels and PET pattern predicted stent success, but CT hydronephrosis did not.There are 4 PET patterns of obstructive hydronephrosis which correlated with hydronephrosis grade and creatinine levels. Some of these PET patterns can be useful in the prediction of hydronephrosis improvement after stent insertion. Recognition of these patterns in obstructive hydronephrosis may be helpful in improving patient prognosis and quality of life.
Thrombopoietin levels in patients with disorders of platelet production: Diagnostic potential and utility in predicting response to TPO Receptor agonists
Authors: Robert S. Makar, Olga S. Zhukov, Mervyn A. Sahud, David J. Kuter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the major regulator of megakaryopoiesis. Measurement of serum TPO levels may help distinguish between various causes of thrombocytopenia and predict treatment response to TPO receptor agonists. Serum TPO levels from 118 healthy volunteers and 88 patients with abnormal platelet counts were measured using a quantitative ELISA assay. The mean (range) TPO level in healthy volunteers was 39 (7-99) pg/mL. TPO values were correlated with the patient's diagnosis, platelet count, and response to TPO receptor agonists. 88 patients with history of consumptive thrombocytopenia (39) or hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia (49) were analyzed. Median (interquartile range) TPO level for consumptive thrombocytopenia patients was 63 (48-98) pg/mL with a corresponding median (interquartile range) platelet count of 73 (28-146) × 10(9) /L. In contrast, hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia patients had platelet counts [59 (30-117) × 10(9) /L] comparable with consumptive thrombocytopenia patients, but significantly higher serum TPO levels [706 (358-1546) pg/mL, P < 0.0001]. Analysis of 21 ITP patients treated with TPO receptor agonists demonstrated that a TPO level >95 pg/mL was associated with lack of clinical response (P < 0.002). TPO levels may have diagnostic utility in discriminating between patients with hypoproliferative and consumptive thrombocytopenia. Elevated TPO levels in ITP patients may predict a poor clinical response to treatment with TPO receptor agonists.
Report on a Case of Anomalous Cardiac Murmur
Authors: W. T. Gairdner, D. N. Knox
Journal: BMJ (1876)

THE considerations which seemed to render expedient the very careful and thorough investigation by Dr. Knox of the preparation now re- ported on were partly anatomical and partly clinical.It will be remembered, that the cardiac symptoms in the case presented last ses- sion were by no means prominent, and, indeed, except from the point of view of physical diagnosis, they were not a very important part of the record then presented.The really fatal symptoms were shown by the post mo; tent examination to have had their origin in a widely dif- fused melanotic cancer of the abdominal, and also of the thoracic, organs, chiefly, however, in the peritoneum; and the whole duration which could be definitely assigned, after most careful inquiry, to the fatal illness, was not more than four weeks.(See BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, April ioth, I875.)In the course of the investigation of the antecedents, a rheumatic history was plainly enough elicited, a severe attack of rheumatic fever four years before having confined the patient to bed for five months, and two less severe attacks subsequently having occurred, all of them, however, ending in apparent recovery, and without any such positive injury to the cardiac functions as could be verified through the statements of the patient, unless it were in respect of a degree of palpitation felt on exertion.It was ascertained that the dropsical symptoms present on admission had originated in the abdominal cavity, and the amount of altered structure which could be physically determined as existing there made it at least unneces- sary to look to the heart as the cause of the dropsy ; while, in other respects, the aspect of the patient was by no means that of severe cardiac disease, and there was, in particular, an entire absence of cyanosis.Under these circumstances, a murmur of peculiar intensity and harshness, extremely superficial in character, and associated with a distinct fremitus appreciable by the finger over a limited area, corre- sponding almost exactly with the position of the conus arteriosuts of the right ventricle, at once attracted attention.The murmur was much
Familial nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma and pesticide use
Authors: Shizuo Kojya, Jun Matsumura, Li Ting, Tadashi Hongyo, Johji Inazawa, Mitsunori Kirihata, Katsuyuki Aozasa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Familial occurrence of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTCL) in pesticide users is presented. The proband (71 years old, male) and son (39 years old) were both diagnosed with NNKTCL within interval of 26 months. Laboratory data showed slight anemia, with no abnormal cells in peripheral blood. They and their wives were farmers and used large amounts of pesticides (fungicides and insecticides) in the hothouse. NNKTCL did not develop in the wives. Proband's father was diagnosed with malignant lymphoma of the neck and died of the disease. Genetic analyses of the peripheral blood leukocytes and tumor tissues did not show p53 and k-ras gene mutations and microsatellite instability. Metaphase cells from peripheral blood leukocytes bore specific marker chromosomes (father, 44XY,−14,−17,−18,−22,+2mar; son, 46XY,−17,+1mar). Environmental exposures to pesticides in conjunction with familial or genetic factors might increase the risk for NNKTCL. Am. J. Hematol. 66:145–147, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Standardization of Suprarenal Products.
Authors: E. G. Swift
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Detroit, Sept. 25. 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A very erroneous impression is likely to he made on the minds of your numerous readers by vour editorial on page 944 ofThe Journal, September 22. To 19 men out of 20 the clear meaning of the article is that manufacturers do not standardize their suprarenal preparations, whereas, speaking emphatically for ourselves, we do standardize these products, with special reference to our adrenalin and adrenalin solution, ointment and inhalant. We have always done so. InThe Journalas far back as 1902 (see page 150, Jan. 18, 1902), our exact method of standardization was set forth in the fullest detail by our chief pharmacologist, Dr. E. M. Houghton. We have no objection to government supervision over the suprarenal preparations of the market; some of them need it. But the very thing which you are urging we have performed systematically ever since we
100 years of x rays
Authors: J. Caroe
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—I think it pertinent to mention the importance of the discovery of x rays in another area that has affected our medical lives, besides those areas mentioned by Daniel J Nolan.1 The news took some time to reach South Australia: all communication took six weeks by boat. The discovery was exciting for my grandfather William Bragg, who was professor of physics at Adelaide University, and figure 1 shows an x ray picture …
Illustrations of the Tolerance of Injuries Occasionally Exhibited by the Brain
Authors: G. P. May
Journal: BMJ (1850)

认知功能下降和痴呆不仅对人类健康构成重大威胁，也是家庭及社会的负担，据估计，其发病率在全球范围内将有所增加^1。由于缺乏有效的治疗措施，采取能够防止或延缓痴呆发生的预防措施十分必要。但是在此之前，我们应确定需要干预的因素及干预人群。
1008 PEG-interferon alfa-2B and ribavirin in treatment naive African American patients infected with HCV genotype 1
Authors: D STEIN, S MCKENZIE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The Inner Mongolia Highland (IMH), along the northern edge of the North China Craton, was considered to be a long-standing topographic highland, whose exhumation history remains elusive. The aim of this study is to reveal Late Paleozoic exhumation processes of the IMH based on an integrated analysis of stratigraphy, petrography of clastic rocks, and U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from Permian–Triassic succession in the middle Yanshan belt. The results of the study show that the Benxi Formation, which was originally regarded as a Late Carboniferous unit, proves to be Early Permian in age because it contains detrital zircons as young as ∼298 Ma. The Lower Shihezi Formation is demonstrated to be a unit whose age spans the boundary of the Middle and Upper Permian, constrained by a U–Pb age of 260 ± 2 Ma from a dacite layer. Clastic compositions of conglomerate and sandstone change markedly, characterised by the predominance of sedimentary components in the Benxi–Shanxi Formations, by large amounts of volcanic clastics in the Lower and Upper Shihezi Formations, and by the presence of both metamorphic and igneous clastics in the Sunjiagou–Ermaying Formations. Sedimentary clastics include chert, carbonate, sandstone and quartzite, which may have been derived from Proterozoic to Lower Paleozoic sedimentary covers. Volcanic clasts were directly related to volcanic eruptions, while granite and gneiss grains were sourced from exhumed Late Paleozoic intrusive rocks and basement rocks. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages can be divided into five populations: 2.6–2.4 Ga, 1.9–1.7 Ga, 400–360 Ma, 325–290 Ma and 270–250 Ma. Precambrian detrital zircons are typically subrounded to rounded in shape, implying a recycling origin. Late Paleozoic zircons show oscillatory zones and their Th/U ratios >0.4, suggesting a magmatic origin. Most Phanerozoic zircons have negative εHf(T) values of −3.2 to −25.5, which are compatible with those of Late Paleozoic plutons in the IMH. The results indicate that the IMH may have been covered with Proterozoic to Lower Paleozoic sedimentary strata, which then underwent subsequent erosion and served as provenances for adjacent Late Paleozoic basins. Vertical changes in both clastic compositions and detrital zircon ages in Permian–Triassic strata imply an unroofing process of the IMH. Three phases of the IMH uplift are distinguished. The first-phase uplift commenced 325–312 Ma and resulted from magmatic intrusion related to southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The second-phase uplift took place in the Middle Permian and may be attributed to crustal contraction related to the collision of the North China Craton and the Southern Mongolia terrane. The third-phase uplift happened at the end of the Permian, and may have been induced by upwelling of calc-alkali magma under an extensional setting.
A safe approach to perform endoscopic mucosal resection of a duodenal adenocarcinoma located close to a duodenal diverticulum
Authors: Seiichiro Abe, Ichiro Oda, Hiroyuki Takamaru, Satoru Nonaka, Haruhisa Suzuki, Shigetaka Yoshianaga, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Not infrequently duodenal adenomas and adenocarcinomas are located in difficult or awkward positions that can impede their resection endoscopically. Duodenal diverticuli are common, occurring in 5 % of individuals. Herein, we describe a safe technique for the removal of an early duodenal adenocarcinoma that was located close to a diverticulum.
Strategies to reduce dosing errors
Authors: J A Nelder
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Prescribing antidepressants in general practiceWhat is an effective dose?Editor-What should be the advised dosage of a tricyclic antidepressant for major depression?In his editorial Tony Kendrick quotes a recommended dose of a typical tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, as 125 mg daily. 1 This dosage is at the higher end of the range of dosages quoted for all tricyclic antidepressants in the British National Formulary.If followed it would have major implications for the prescribing habits of general practitioners.The recommended dosage for amitriptyline for major depression is quoted from a consensus statement published in the BMJ in 1992. 2 The source of this recommendation is a double blind placebo controlled trial of amitriptyline among depressed patients in general practice. 3 In this trial patients given the active drug received amitriptyline 75 mg daily by the end of the first week, amitriptyline 100 mg during the second week, and amitriptyline 125-175 mg, depending on improvement, during the remaining four weeks of the study.The median dose of amitriptyline given over the six week study period was 125 mg.It is the median tolerated dose.Figure 1 in the paper by Hollyman et al clearly shows a response to treatment in the first two weeks, when the lower dose of amitriptyline was given. 3 Kendrick discusses the results of several investigations into the effectiveness of antidepressants at different dosages.Similar investigations have been used to develop the dose range of every prescribable antidepressantfor example, Kerihuel and Dreyfus reviewed 34 randomised clinical trials of lofepramine. 4 In the papers reviewed the concentration of lofepramine giving a clinical response ranged from 105 mg to 210 mg, which is equivalent to 75-150 mg amitriptyline.The principle that more severe cases of major depression require higher doses of antidepressants is also valid.It also holds true for newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.For example, a study of prescribing patterns across 23 381 prescriptions shows that a prescription for higher than the initial dose was required in 6.8% of patients taking fluoxetine, 21.1% of patients taking paroxetine, and 51% of patients taking sertraline. 5
Medicare Payment Dispute May Stymie Flu Shots
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE EFFORT to get as many people as possible immunized against influenza in the coming season may be stymied before it starts, thanks to what some physicians regard as inadequate reimbursement for administration of the vaccine. With considerable fanfare this summer, the Medicare program announced that for the first time it would reimburse its beneficiaries for influenza vaccinations. But even as the word went out that the agency expected as many as 15 million of the 36 million Medicare beneficiaries to line up for their free flu shots, there was rumbling that some physicians had decided not to participate in the program because the fee they receive from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) fails to cover their costs of giving it. How many physicians are in fact proposing not to participate in the program is unknown. But, says David Fedson, MD, "I have been told by the American Lung
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF ADJUSTMENT TO CANCER OF THE BREAST
Authors: Richard Renneker
Journal: JAMA (1952)

This paper is the result of a joint investigation by a group of psychoanalysts and surgeons, headed by Dr. Catherine Bacon of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis and Dr. Max Cutler of the Chicago Tumor Institute. Our problem was an exploratory study of the possible psychosomatic aspects of cancer of the breast. The results of this research will be published in a subsequent joint communication. One of us (R. R.) was particularly impressed by the surgeon's interest in the problem of how, why, when, and what to tell the patient with breast carcinoma. The problem was sharply focused during observation of the emotional reactions of 50 women operated on by one of us (M. C.) to the handling by their referring or staff physicians. Our paper is an outgrowth of this analyst's observations and incorporates within it the surgeon's practical experience in the correct, intuitive emotional management of his many cancer patients in the past.  In the development of almost every field of science a periodic point is reached at which that particular group is not currently integrating or utilizing its total research advancements or parallel ones in auxiliary fields. The
The influence of hydrosalpinx on IVF and embryo transfer: a review
Authors: A. Strandell
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

Several retrospective studies have shown an impaired outcome of IVF in the presence of hydrosalpinx. The retrospective data have been compiled and presented in meta-analyses, demonstrating a reduction by half in the probability of achieving a pregnancy in the presence of hydrosalpinx and a doubled rate of spontaneous abortion. The main theories trying to explain the underlying mechanisms have focused on potential embryotoxic properties of the fluid or impaired endometrial receptivity to implantation. Several mouse studies have suggested an embryotoxic effect of the hydrosalpingeal fluid, a finding which is not supported in studies on human embryos. It is believed that the fluid exerts a detrimental effect on the endometrium by altering the receptivity or simply by causing a mechanical hindrance for implantation. Different treatment options would then be tubal ligation, salpingostomy, aspiration of hydrosalpinx fluid or salpingectomy. The effect of aspiration has been studied in a few retrospective trials with contradictory results. Treatment with salpingectomy has entered into clinical practice without proper evidence for its benefit. Concerns have also been raised about the potential hazard of surgical intervention to ovarian circulation and function. A randomized controlled trial on salpingectomy prior to IVF has now been conducted as a multicentre study in Scandinavia. Laparoscopic salpingectomy prior to IVF was shown to be beneficial in patients with large hydrosalpinges that were visible on ultrasound, a result which supports the theory of the fluid being involved in the impaired implantation process.
Re: Child Abuse-Reply
Authors: Michael P. Biber
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The case report was intended to alert medical personnel to a potential hazard of mechanical head restraint. The question of battering seemed irrelevant to the main point of the article. At the time of the patient's hospitalization, Neurology, the consulting service, advised that the patient's family be investigated by the Boston City Hospital Trauma X team. During the ensuing 3 1/2 years, the child has not been reported as a battering suspect to the Inflicted Injury Unit of the Massachusetts Department of Public Welfare. All cases in which there is suspicion of battering must, by Massachusetts law, be registered with the Unit.
how culture might constrain color categories
Authors: debi roberson, catherine o'hanlon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

if language is crucial to the development of shared colour categories, how might cultural constraints influence the development of divergent category sets? we propose that communities arrive at different sets of categories because the tendency to group by perceptual similarity interacts with environmental factors (differential access to dying and printing technologies), to make different systems optimal for communication in different situations.
COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFT PATIENTS WHO WERE VERSUS THOSE WHO WERE NOT ENROLLED IN THE STENTING OF SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFTS RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Tesfaldet T. Michael, Neeraj Badhey, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Hypertension, Exercise, and Beta-Adrenergic Blockade
Authors: Philip A. Ades
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine whether beta-adrenergic blocking agents affect exercise tolerance, exercise conditioning response, and blood pressure response to conditioning in hypertensive patients. Design: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with a 10-week exercise period. Setting: Outpatient, monitored exercise program at a community-based, university-sponsored cardiac rehabilitation facility. Patients: Thirty adults with mean resting blood pressure of 145 mm Hg or greater (systolic), 95 mm Hg or greater (diastolic), or a combined systolic and diastolic pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater. Mean systolic pressure of 170 mm Hg or more or mean diastolic pressure of 105 mm Hg or more was exclusionary. Mean blood pressure was 145/95 mm Hg; mean age was 46.5 years. Intervention: The beta-1-nonselective blocker was propranolol, 80 mg twice daily. The beta-1-selective blocker was metoprolol, 100 mg twice daily, compared with placebo. All patients did exercise conditioning consisting of 40 sessions of aerobic exercise with heart rate monitoring. Measurements and Main Results: Resting systolic blood pressure measured without drug therapy was lowered markedly after exercise conditioning on placebo (146 to 135 mm Hg) and on metoprolol (144 to 133 mm Hg) (P < 0.05), but not on propranolol (no change). Acutely, propranolol decreased both maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and exercise duration compared with metoprolol and placebo. Chronically, VO2max increased 24% (95% CI, 8 to 40) in response to training on placebo and 8% on metoprolol (95% CI, 3 to 14); it did not increase on propranolol (95% CI, -10 to 15). Conclusions: If an exercise program is to be recommended as an adjunct to pharmacologic beta-blockade for hypertension, blood-pressure-lowering effects are preserved and exercise capacity is less affected with a beta-1-selective agent than with a beta-1-nonselective agent. Antihypertensive medications may be avoided altogether for selected patients who sustain an aerobic exercise program.
Association of chronic mucus hypersecretion with FEV1 decline and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease morbidity. Copenhagen City Heart Study Group.
Authors: J Vestbo, E Prescott, P Lange
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The aim of this study was to examine the association between chronic mucus hypersecretion, and FEV1 decline, and subsequent hospitalization from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We used data from The Copenhagen City Heart Study on 5,354 women and 4,081 men 30 to 79 yr of age with assessment of smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, and spirometry at two surveys 5 yr apart. Information on COPD hospitalization during 8 to 10 yr of subsequent follow-up was obtained from a nationwide register. Chronic mucus hypersecretion was significantly associated with FEV1 decline; the effect was most prominent among men, where chronic mucus hypersecretion at both surveys was associated with an excess FEV1 decline of 22.8 ml/yr (95% confidence interval, 8.2 to 37.4) compared with men without mucus hypersecretion, after adjusting for age, height, weight change, and smoking; in women, the excess decline was 12.6 ml/yr (0.7-24.6). Chronic mucus hypersecretion was associated with subsequent hospitalization due to COPD after adjusting for age and smoking; relative risk was 5.3 (2.9 to 9.6) among men and 5.1 (2.5 to 10.3) among women. After further adjusting for FEV1 at the second survey, the relative risk was reduced to 2.4 (1.3 to 4.5) for men and 2.6 (1.2 to 5.3) for women. Chronic mucus hypersecretion was significantly and consistently associated with both an excess FEV1 decline and an increased risk of subsequent hospitalization because of COPD.