tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pressure relieving support surfaces (PRESSURE) trial: cost effectiveness analysis
Authors: Cynthia Iglesias, Jane Nixon, Gillian Cranny, E Andrea Nelson, Kim Hawkins, Angela Phillips, David Torgerson, Su Mason, Nicky Cullum
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the cost effectiveness of alternating pressure mattresses compared with alternating pressure overlays for the prevention of pressure ulcers in patients admitted to hospital. <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness analysis carried out alongside the pressure relieving support surfaces (PRESSURE) trial; a multicentre UK based pragmatic randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 11 hospitals in six UK NHS trusts. <b>Participants</b> Intention to treat population comprising 1971 participants. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Kaplan Meier estimates of restricted mean time to development of pressure ulcers and total costs for treatment in hospital. <b>Results</b> Alternating pressure mattresses were associated with lower overall costs (£283.6 per patient on average, 95% confidence interval - £377.59 to £976.79) mainly due to reduced length of stay in hospital, and greater benefits (a delay in time to ulceration of 10.64 days on average, - 24.40 to 3.09). The differences in health benefits and total costs for hospital stay between alternating pressure mattresses and alternating pressure overlays were not statistically significant; however, a cost effectiveness acceptability curve indicated that on average alternating pressure mattresses compared with alternating pressure overlays were associated with an 80% probability of being cost saving. <b>Conclusion</b> Alternating pressure mattresses for the prevention of pressure ulcers are more likely to be cost effective and are more acceptable to patients than alternating pressure overlays.
Adequacy of Published Oncology Randomized Controlled Trials to Provide Therapeutic Details Needed for Clinical Application
Authors: Jennifer M. Duff, Helen Leather, Edmund O. Walden, Kourtney D. LaPlant, Thomas J. George
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) improve clinical care through evidence-based results. Guidelines exist for RCT result reporting, but specific details of therapeutic administration promote clinical application and reproduction of the trial design. We assess the reporting methodology in RCTs published in major oncology journals.Ten essential elements of RCT reporting were identified and included drug name, dose, route, cycle length, maximum number of cycles, premedication, growth factor support, patient monitoring parameters, and dosing adjustments for hematologic and organ-specific toxicity. All therapy-based oncology RCTs published between 2005 and 2008 in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO), Journal of the National Cancer Institute (JNCI), Blood, and Cancer were analyzed for inclusion of these 10 elements.Of 339 identified articles, 262 were included in the final analysis (165 from JCO, 31 from NEJM, 27 from Cancer, 20 from JNCI, and 19 from Blood). Premedication, growth factor support, and dose adjustments for toxicities were each reported less than half of the time. Only 30 articles (11%) met the main objective of complete data reporting (ie, all 10 essential elements) and was highest in JNCI (5/20; 25%), followed by Cancer (5/27; 18%), JCO (18/165; 11%), Blood (1/19; 5%), and NEJM (1/31; 3%). The presence of an online appendix did not substantially improve complete reporting.RCTs published in major oncology journals do not consistently report essential therapeutic details necessary for translation of the trial findings to clinical practice. Potential solutions to improve reporting include modification of submission guidelines, use of online appendices, and providing open access to trial protocols.
Differential expression and functionality of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the human hair follicle
Authors: I.S. Haslam, C. El-Chami, H. Faruqi, A. Shahmalak, C.A. O'Neill, R. Paus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Differential expression and functionality of ATP‐binding cassette transporters in the human hair follicle Get access I.S. Haslam, I.S. Haslam The Centre for Dermatology Research Institute of Inflammation and Repair University of Manchester Oxford Road Stopford Building Manchester M13 9PT U.K Correspondence Iain S. Haslam. E‐mail: iain.haslam@manchester.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. El‐Chami, C. El‐Chami The Centre for Dermatology Research Institute of Inflammation and Repair University of Manchester Oxford Road Stopford Building Manchester M13 9PT U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Faruqi, H. Faruqi The Centre for Dermatology Research Institute of Inflammation and Repair University of Manchester Oxford Road Stopford Building Manchester M13 9PT U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Shahmalak, A. Shahmalak Crown Cosma Clinic Thorley House Bailey Lane Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A. O'Neill, C.A. O'Neill The Centre for Dermatology Research Institute of Inflammation and Repair University of Manchester Oxford Road Stopford Building Manchester M13 9PT U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Paus R. Paus The Centre for Dermatology Research Institute of Inflammation and Repair University of Manchester Oxford Road Stopford Building Manchester M13 9PT U.KDepartment of Dermatology University of Münster Münster Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 6, 1 June 2015, Pages 1562–1572, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13549 Published: 01 June 2015
Exocytosis: Proteins and Perturbations
Authors: G J Augustine, M E Burns, W M DeBello, D L Pettit, F E Schweizer
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1996)

Exocytosis is the primary means of cellular secretion. Because exocytosis involves fusion between the plasma membrane and the membrane of secretory vesicles, it is likely that proteins on these two membranes, as well as additional proteins in cellular cytoplasm, mediate exocytosis. Although we know much about the proteins of secretory cells, we still have much to learn about how these proteins participate in exocytosis; in no case has an unambiguous exocytotic function been assigned to any of these proteins. To identify the roles of proteins in exocytosis it is necessary to perturb protein function in living secretory cells. We review a number of perturbation strategies and summarize what this approach has taught us about the functional roles of proteins in exocytosis, concluding with a molecular model of protein dynamics during exocytosis.
Hyperintense Plaque With Noncontrast T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Coronary Plaque Imaging Leading to Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Atsushi Tanaka, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Teruo Noguchi, Shoichi Koga, Yoshihiro Hiramatsu, Takaya Fukuyama, Nobuhiko Koga
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Ethinyl estradiol decreases acidification of rat liver endocytic vesicles
Authors: Rebecca W. Van Dyke, Karen V. Root
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Treatment with ethinyl estradiol is known to impair bile formation, bile acid transport and Na,K-ATPase activity, to alter receptor-mediated endocytosis and transcytosis of IgA and asialoorosomucoid and to affect membrane lipid composition and fluidity. Because appropriate sorting and trafficking of asialoorosomucoid requires adequate acidification of endocytic vesicles by a lipid-sensitive electrogenic proton pump, we examined the effects of 5 days of treatment with ethinyl estradiol (5 mg/kg body wt, subcutaneously) on acidification of early endosomes prepared from male rat livers. Littermate control animals received equal volumes of the solvent propylene glycol. Pretreatment with ethinyl estradiol reduced ATP-dependent initial rates of endosome acidification by 11% to 25% when measured in potassium medium containing 0 to 140 mmol/L chloride; these differences were significant at four of six chloride concentrations tested. The proton pumps of ethinyl estradiol and propylene glycol endosomes exhibited similar Michaelis-Menten constants for MgATP (Michaelis-Menten constant of 63 and 66 mumol/L in the absence of chloride and 101 and 126 mumol/L in the presence of chloride, respectively). Acidification of ethinyl estradiol and propylene glycol endosomes changed in the same manner when various cations or anions were substituted for potassium gluconate, although the effects of ethinyl estradiol were less marked in the absence of K+. Kinetics of inhibition for ethinyl estradiol and propylene glycol endosomes were similar for the proton pump inhibitors N-ethylmaleimide (50% inhibitory concentrations of 13.5 and 18.1 mumol/L), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (50% inhibitory concentrations of 206 and 216 mumol/L) and bafilomycin A (50% inhibitory concentrations of 11 and 6 nmol/L). Although initial rates of acidification were slower in ethinyl estradiol endosomes, ATP-dependent steady-state vesicle interior pH was the same as that of propylene glycol endosomes over a range of chloride concentrations; this appeared to be due mainly to a trend toward decreased proton leak rates in ethinyl estradiol endosomes. Overall, ethinyl estradiol treatment modestly decreased initial rates of acidification and vesicle proton leakage, perhaps because of changes in endosome lipid composition; differences in the number, density or activation state of proton pumps; or differences in endosome geometry. Because the decrease in acidification rates was small, the effects of estrogen on the efficiency of uncoupling of endocytosed ligands such as asialoorosomucoid from their receptors in early endosomes; thus the rates of sorting and distribution of ligands remain unclear.
Lactate and pH in faeces from patients with colonic adenomas or cancer.
Authors: H Hove, M Rye Clausen, P Brobech Mortensen
Journal: Gut (1993)

Earlier studies have reported that faecal pH is more alkaline in patients with colonic cancer, indicating a reduction in colonic carbohydrate fermentation to organic acids. The pH of faeces from 11 pre and 14 postoperative, selected colonic cancer patients without intestinal obstruction, major loss of appetite or weight, not treated with antibiotics, and without signs of dissemination or recurrence of the cancer, did not differ, however, from faecal pH in 17 patients with previous colonic adenomas removed by polypectomy and faecal pH in 17 age matched (mean 61 years) healthy controls (mean (SE) 7.03 (0.10), 7.15 (0.11), 7.20 (0.12), 7.11 (0.12) respectively; p = 0.82). Faecal pH in 20 younger (mean 32 years) healthy controls tended to be lower (6.89 (0.07) compared with the older age matched control group (p &lt; 0.06). Faecal concentrations of D-, L- or total D+L-lactate did not differ between the patients with present or previous colonic cancer, adenomas, and the healthy controls (D+L-lactate mean (SE) 3.2 (0.5), 3.1 (0.3), 3.5 (0.7), 4.1 (1.0) mmol/l respectively; p = 0.72), and the production pattern of lactate from different carbohydrates (glucose and dietary fibre) in 16.6% faecal homogenates was similar in all the three groups of patients and the healthy controls. Faecal pH was changed within days by modifications of the diet. An enteral diet free of fibre, starch, and lactose increased faecal pH within three days, whereas pH decreased when the colonic load of carbohydrates was increased by lactulose. Therefore, the reported alkaline faecal pH in patients with colonic cancer may reflect short term reduction in dietary intake and colonic fermentation secondary to the presence of the cancer, especially in patients with advanced disease, rather than long term differences in the precancer dietary habits.
Modulation of Striatal Projection Systems by Dopamine
Authors: Charles R. Gerfen, D. James Surmeier
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2011)

The basal ganglia are a chain of subcortical nuclei that facilitate action selection. Two striatal projection systems—so-called direct and indirect pathways—form the functional backbone of the basal ganglia circuit. Twenty years ago, investigators proposed that the striatum's ability to use dopamine (DA) rise and fall to control action selection was due to the segregation of D 1 and D 2 DA receptors in direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons. Although this hypothesis sparked a debate, the evidence that has accumulated since then clearly supports this model. Recent advances in the means of marking neural circuits with optical or molecular reporters have revealed a clear-cut dichotomy between these two cell types at the molecular, anatomical, and physiological levels. The contrast provided by these studies has provided new insights into how the striatum responds to fluctuations in DA signaling and how diseases that alter this signaling change striatal function.
Orthologous Mammalian APOBEC3A Cytidine Deaminases Hypermutate Nuclear DNA
Authors: Vincent Caval, Rodolphe Suspène, Jean-Pierre Vartanian, Simon Wain-Hobson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

The human APOBEC3 gene cluster locus encodes polynucleotide cytidine deaminases. Although many act as viral restriction factors through mutation of single-stranded DNA, recent reports have shown that human APOBEC3A was capable of efficiently hypermutating nuclear DNA and inducing DNA breaks in genomic DNA. In addition, the enzyme was unique in efficiently deaminating 5-methylcytidine in single-stranded DNA. To appreciate the evolutionary relevance of these activities, we analyzed A3A-related enzymes from the rhesus and tamarin monkey, horse, sheep, dog, and panda. All proved to be orthologous to the human enzyme in all these activities revealing strong conservation more than 148 My. Hence, their singular role in DNA catabolism is a well-established mechanism probably outweighing any deleterious or pathological roles such as genomic instability and cancer formation.
Making Progress With Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Dost Öngür
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
PWE-004 A study of faecal volatile organic compounds metabolome in healthy population across the countries
Authors: I Ahmed, V De Preter, K Rioux, N Ratcliffe, C S Probert
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faecal biomarkers are emerging non-invasive tools for diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders. Faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied more recently in clinical diagnosis. Pattern of faecal VOCs in healthy population may provide basis for understanding changes in disease conditions. The VOCs within the metaboloms may be different across the countries due to differences in dietary habits and environmental conditions and may have implications in developing their clinical utility. <h3>Methods</h3> We aim to study the faecal VOCs of the healthy population from three different countries that is, England, Belgium and Canada. A total of 159 health volunteers (English=109, F=69), (Belgium=20, F=14), (Canada=30, F=17) donated faecal samples. Fresh samples were aliquoted in 18 mls sealed vials. VOCs were extracted using solid phase micro extraction and were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometery. VOCs were identified using NIST library search comparing their fragment pattern. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 232 VOCs were identified. Using binary data (presence or absence of VOCs), univariate analysis was used to identify those VOCs which were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) in discerning differences between the three population groups. Alcohols, ketones and esters were predominantly associated with English volunteers compared to both Canadian and Belgium volunteers while aldehydes and alkenes were predominantly detected VOCs in the Canadian and Belgium groups respectively. A multivariate discriminant function analysis utilising these VOCs was able to differentiate three groups with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 90%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The observed differences in the faecal VOCs metabolites of the healthy population in different countries may provide important basis in the clinical utility of faecal biomarkers. It may also provide information in studying the differences in disease prevalence and behaviour in different countries. Further studies are warranted to explore this area. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Probert CS</b>, Ahmed I, Khalid T, <i>et al.</i> Volatile organic compounds as diagnostic biomarkers in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. <i>J Gastrointestin Liver Dis</i> 2009;<b>18</b>:337–43. 2. <b>Angriman I</b>, Scarpa M, D9Incà R, et al. Enzymes in feces: useful markers of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. <i>Clin Chim Acta</i> 2007;<b>381</b>:63–8.
SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TUMORS OF THE MOUSE
Authors: Lars Santesson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. The histological and physiological characteristics in vitro of mouse tumors have been compared. 2. Twenty-eight adenomas, 31 adenocarcinomas, 18 carcinomas, and a series of tumors from 2 transplantable carcinomas and from Ehrlich carcinoma have been cultivated in vitro. 3. The adenomas were characterized by cells of normal appearance, migrating quickly and organizing in thin membranes, by few mitoses, a large acid production, and a rapid digestion of fibrin and egg albumin. 4. The carcinomas differed from adenomas in a less rapid and extensive migration of epithelial cells, a tendency to grow in bud-like formations, the presence of many mitoses, and a lesser acid production and fibrin and albumin digestion. 5. Ehrlich carcinoma differed from both adenomas and spontaneous carcinomas in the unhealthy state of the cells, their irregular growth, and the occurrence of a great many mitoses. Acid production was slight, and digestion of egg albumin or fibrin less marked, and even entirely lacking. 6. The adenomas and spontaneous carcinomas did not invade embryonic tissue. The transplantable carcinomas invaded it slightly, while Ehrlich carcinoma actively infiltrated and destroyed it.
The Medicalization of Chronic Disease and Costs
Authors: Kenneth E. Thorpe, Meredith Philyaw
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2012)

U.S. health care spending has increased dramatically in the past several decades, consuming 17.6% percent ($2.6 trillion) of GDP in 2010. Although historical spending drivers do not account for this recent increase, two major changes in population health--the rise in obesity and obesity-related chronic disease--provide a likely explanation. This article reviews the contribution that rising treated obesity-related chronic disease prevalence and its associated treatment (spending per treated case) has made to the growth in health care spending. We discuss trends in the clinical incidence of obesity and chronic disease as well as timely advancements in disease detection, treatment, and management. Evidence shows that rising obesity rates are influencing spending largely by increasing the treated prevalence of obesity-related chronic disease. Therefore, preventing individuals from becoming treated cases in the first place is one key way that our country can cut health care spending moving forward.
The changing pattern of acute respiratory distress syndrome over time: a comparison of two periods
Authors: Charalampos Pierrakos, Jean-Louis Vincent
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

This study aimed to assess whether patterns and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have changed due to improvements in mechanical ventilation techniques and support of critically ill patients, by comparing patients from two different periods in the same hospital. We reviewed data from all patients with a diagnosis of ARDS (according to American–European Consensus Conference criteria) who were treated in our multidisciplinary department of intensive care (Erasme Hospital, Brussels) between January 2006 and April 2009 (group B , n=210) and compared them with our previously reported data (January 1993 to February 1995) (group A, n=129). The prevalence of ARDS has decreased (from 2.5% in group A to 1.7% in group B, p&lt;0.001). ARDS patients are now older and sepsis-related ARDS is more common. Multiple transfusion and trauma are less common causes of ARDS than in the past. Intensive care unit length of stay among survivors is shorter (13±9 versus 17±17 days, p=0.025), and there was a trend to lower mortality rates in the more recent cohort (46% versus 52%, p=0.158). Multiple organ failure (MOF) was the most common cause of death in both periods. The pattern of ARDS has changed over time in our department. Patients with ARDS are now older and more severely ill. Sepsis-related ARDS is more frequent whereas trauma-related and/or transfusion-related ARDS has decreased. MOF still represents the most frequent cause of death.
THE EFFECTS OF COMBINATION OF FELODIPINE AND RAMIPRIL ON REGRESSION AND COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES OF PLAQUE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND ANGINA WITH MILD TO MODERATE DEGREE OF CORONARY STENOSIS
Authors: Young Joon Hong, Myung Ho Jeong, Yun Ha Choi, Eun Hye Ma, Jum Suk Ko, Min Goo Lee, Keun Ho Park, Doo Sun Sim, Nam Sik Yoon, Hyun Ju Youn, Kye Hun Kim, Hyung Wook Park, Ju Han Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)