tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cryptococcal cellulitis in a lung-transplant recipient
Authors: A. Geusau, N. Sandor, E. Messeritsch, P. Jaksch, K. Tintelnot, E. Presterl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Cryptococcal cellulitis in a lung‐transplant recipient Get access A. Geusau, A. Geusau Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Surgery, Lung Transplant Unit Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Sandor, N. Sandor Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Surgery, Lung Transplant Unit Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Messeritsch, E. Messeritsch Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Surgery, Lung Transplant Unit Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Jaksch, P. Jaksch Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Surgery, Lung Transplant Unit Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tintelnot, K. Tintelnot Robert Koch‐Institut, Konsiliarlabor für Cryptococcus neoformans, Berlin, Germany E‐mail: alexandra.geusau@meduniwien.ac.at Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Presterl E. Presterl Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, A1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 5, 1 November 2005, Pages 1068–1070, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06894.x Published: 01 November 2005
P84 BTS National Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) Survey 2010-2011
Authors: O. J. Dempsey, S. Welham, N. Hirani
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Aim</h3> The aim of this survey was to capture the current “state of play” with regard to ILD services, with an emphasis on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in the UK. <h3>Methods</h3> The BTS Specialist Advisory Group emailed a survey to 260 clinicians. Respondents were advised to collect data prospectively for 1 month (late 2010/early 2011) before completing it. <h3>Results</h3> 120 responses were obtained, (England-96, Scotland-16, Wales-6, Northern Ireland-2), total catchment population 37.3 million, number of full-time consultants 3 (1–15). *50% of centres had a “lead” ILD consultant, 57% ran an ILD clinic and, of those centres currently without an ILD clinic, 70% anticipated setting one up in the next 5 years. For patients with all types of ILD the estimated number of new patients seen at clinic each month was 6 (1–75). *The percentage of new patients with IPF (options “&lt;25%”, “25–50%”, “50–75%” or “&gt;75%”) was estimated at 18%, 36%, 27% and 18% respectively. For all ILD patients, the number of return patients seen at clinic in a month was 25 (1–300). *Only 5% of respondents were “very confident” about these figures (based on audit/registry) with 62% expressing “low confidence”. HRCT reporting was performed by “Pulmonary radiologists”/“Pulmonary radiologists with a specific ILD interest” in 48% and 36% respectively. 47% of centres did not have an ILD-multidisciplinary meeting (MDM), and for those that did, 32% held them monthly. Access to an ILD Specialist Nurse, ambulatory oxygen, pulmonary rehabilitation, palliative care and smoking cessation were 26% 93%, 81%, 93% and 97% respectively. 64% had not recruited into IPF clinical trials and 68% had no registry/database[n1]. “Triple” therapy continued to be prescribed “frequently”, prednisolone (55%), azathioprine (49%), N-acetylcysteine (45%). The reported preferred model of care for ILD patients was “local” (51%), “network” (45%) and “centre” (4%). *Median/range. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is a wide variation in current practice, with almost half of all respondents not holding a MDM, despite BTS/ERS/ATS guidelines. Our survey has implications for the delivery of ILD care in the UK and should support the BTS in developing Quality of Care standards.
Novel Fusion Protein Approach for Efficient High-Throughput Screening of Small Molecule–Mediating Protein-Protein Interactions in Cells and Living Animals
Authors: Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Networks of protein interactions execute many different intracellular pathways. Small molecules either synthesized within the cell or obtained from the external environment mediate many of these protein-protein interactions. The study of these small molecule–mediated protein-protein interactions is important in understanding abnormal signal transduction pathways in a variety of disorders, as well as in optimizing the process of drug development and validation. In this study, we evaluated the rapamycin-mediated interaction of the human proteins FK506-binding protein (FKBP12) rapamycin-binding domain (FRB) and FKBP12 by constructing a fusion of these proteins with a split-Renilla luciferase or a split enhanced green fluorescent protein (split-EGFP) such that complementation of the reporter fragments occurs in the presence of rapamycin. Different linker peptides in the fusion protein were evaluated for the efficient maintenance of complemented reporter activity. This system was studied in both cell culture and xenografts in living animals. We found that peptide linkers with two or four EAAAR repeat showed higher protein-protein interaction–mediated signal with lower background signal compared with having no linker or linkers with amino acid sequences GGGGSGGGGS, ACGSLSCGSF, and ACGSLSCGSFACGSLSCGSF. A 9 ± 2-fold increase in signal intensity both in cell culture and in living mice was seen compared with a system that expresses both reporter fragments and the interacting proteins separately. In this fusion system, rapamycin induced heterodimerization of the FRB and FKBP12 moieties occurred rapidly even at very lower concentrations (0.00001 nmol/L) of rapamycin. For a similar fusion system employing split-EGFP, flow cytometry analysis showed significant level of rapamycin-induced complementation.
Combined targeting of TGF-β1 and integrin β3 impairs lymph node metastasis in a mouse model of non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Elizabeth Salvo, Saray Garasa, Javier Dotor, Xabier Morales, Rafael Peláez, Peter Altevogt, Ana Rouzaut
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) acts as a tumor suppressor early in carcinogenesis but turns into tumor promoter in later disease stages. In fact, TGF-β is a known inducer of integrin expression by tumor cells which contributes to cancer metastatic spread and TGF-β inhibition has been shown to attenuate metastasis in mouse models. However, carcinoma cells often become refractory to TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition. Therefore identifying patients that may benefit from anti-TGF-β therapy requires careful selection. We performed in vitro analysis of the effects of exposure to TGF-β in NSCLC cell chemotaxis and adhesion to lymphatic endothelial cells. We also studied in an orthotopic model of NSCLC the incidence of metastases to the lymph nodes after inhibition of TGF-β signaling, β3 integrin expression or both. We offer evidences of increased β3-integrin dependent NSCLC adhesion to lymphatic endothelium after TGF-β exposure. In vivo experiments show that targeting of TGF-β and β3 integrin significantly reduces the incidence of lymph node metastasis. Even more, blockade of β3 integrin expression in tumors that did not respond to TGF-β inhibition severely impaired the ability of the tumor to metastasize towards the lymph nodes. These findings suggest that lung cancer tumors refractory to TGF-β monotherapy can be effectively treated using dual therapy that combines the inhibition of tumor cell adhesion to lymphatic vessels with stromal TGF-β inhibition.
Scnn1 Sodium Channel Gene Family in Genetically Engineered Mice
Authors: EDITH HUMMLER, FRIEDRICH BEERMANN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel is the limiting step in salt absorption. In mice, this channel is composed of three subunits (α, β, and γ), which are encoded by different genes (Scnn1a, Scnn1b, and Scnn1c, respectively). The functions of these genes were recently investigated in transgenic (knockout) experiments, and the absence of any subunit led to perinatal lethality. More defined phenotypes have been obtained by introducing specific mutations or using transgenic rescue experiments. In this report, these approaches are summarized and a current gene-targeting strategy to obtain conditional inactivation of the channel is illustrated. This latter approach will be indispensable for the investigation of channel function in a wide variety of organ systems.
Antiproliferative treatment of myofibroblasts prevents arrhythmias in vitro by limiting myofibroblast-induced depolarization
Authors: Saïd F.A. Askar, Arti A. Ramkisoensing, Martin J. Schalij, Brian O. Bingen, Jim Swildens, Arnoud van der Laarse, Douwe E. Atsma, Antoine A.F. de Vries, Dirk L. Ypey, Daniël A. Pijnappels
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Cardiac fibrosis is associated with increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, but the underlying proarrhythmic mechanisms remain incompletely understood and antiarrhythmic therapies are still suboptimal. This study tests the hypothesis that myofibroblast (MFB) proliferation leads to tachyarrhythmias by altering the excitability of cardiomyocytes (CMCs) and that inhibition of MFB proliferation would thus lower the incidence of such arrhythmias.Endogenous MFBs in neonatal rat CMC cultures proliferated freely or under control of different dosages of antiproliferative agents (mitomycin-C and paclitaxel). At Days 4 and 9, arrhythmogeneity of these cultures was studied by optical and multi-electrode mapping. Cultures were also studied for protein expression and electrophysiological properties. MFB proliferation slowed conduction from 15.3 ± 3.5 cm/s (Day 4) to 8.8 ± 0.3 cm/s (Day 9) (n = 75, P < 0.01), whereas MFB numbers increased to 37.4 ± 1.7 and 62.0 ± 2%. At Day 9, 81.3% of these cultures showed sustained spontaneous reentrant arrhythmias. However, only 2.6% of mitomycin-C-treated cultures (n = 76, P < 0.0001) showed tachyarrhythmias, and ectopic activity was decreased. Arrhythmia incidence was drug-dose dependent and strongly related to MFB proliferation. Paclitaxel treatment yielded similar results. CMCs were functionally coupled to MFBs and more depolarized in cultures with ongoing MFB proliferation in which only L-type Ca(2+)-channel blockade terminated 100% of reentrant arrhythmias, in contrast to Na(+) blockade (36%, n = 12).Proliferation of MFBs in myocardial cultures gives rise to spontaneous, sustained reentrant tachyarrhythmias. Antiproliferative treatment of such cultures prevents the occurrence of arrhythmias by limiting MFB-induced depolarization, conduction slowing, and ectopic activity. This study could provide a rationale for a new treatment option for cardiac arrhythmias.
Bile acid aspiration in people with cystic fibrosis before and after lung transplantation
Authors: Malcolm Brodlie, Ali Aseeri, Jim L. Lordan, Andrew G.N. Robertson, Michael C. McKean, Paul A. Corris, S. Michael Griffin, Nigel J. Manning, Jeffrey P. Pearson, Christopher Ward
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition that is caused by abnormalities in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) gene. People with CF experience life-long morbidity and premature mortality, the vast majority of which is associated with lung disease. Bile acids are detectable in the lower airway in advanced CF lung disease and persist after lung transplantation <http://ow.ly/RTvNW> We gratefully acknowledge the help of the patients involved in this study along with all members of the wider cardiothoracic transplantation team at the Freeman Hospital.
Early predictors of peripheral neurotoxicity in cisplatin and paclitaxel combination chemotherapy
Authors: G. Cavaletti, G. Bogliun, L. Marzorati, A. Zincone, M. Piatti, N. Colombo, D. Franchi, M.T. La Presa, A. Lissoni, A. Buda, F. Fei, S. Cundari, C. Zanna
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Soccer injury in the lower extremities
Authors: P Wong, Y Hong
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Information about soccer injuries is required to develop prevention and rehabilitation programmes. Most soccer injuries occur in the lower extremities. This type of injury is reviewed here. Definitions of injury, injury rate, injury percentage, mechanism of injury, anatomical region of injury, type of injury, and severity of injury are summarised. In each section, a description and summary of the data are provided. Finally, the limitations of the studies and suggestions to improve the investigation of soccer injuries are provided.
Injury in summer rugby league football: the experiences of one club.
Authors: C Gissane, D Jennings, J White, A Cumine
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the movement of the playing season from winter to summer would alter the risk of injury to players taking part in first team European professional rugby league. METHODS: The study design was a historical cohort design comparing winter and summer seasons in first team European rugby league, which recorded injuries received by players during match play. Each injury was classified according to site, type, player position, activity at the time of injury, and time off as a result of injury. RESULTS: The risk of injury when playing summer rugby league was higher than when playing winter rugby league (relative risk = 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.17)). Both forwards (1.08 (0.28 to 1.88)) and backs (2.36 (2.03 to 2.69)) experienced an increased risk of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Summer rugby may have resulted in a shift of injury risk factors as exhibited by a change in injury patterns. This may be due to playing conditions, but there were also some law changes. Changes in playing style, team tactics, player equipment, fitness preparation, and the reduced preseason break may also have had confounding effects on injury risk.
Fifth I.A.S.L.C. Lung Tumor Biology Workshop, August 13–17, 1996, Ermatingen, Switzerland
Authors: P. Bunn, D. Carbone, J. Grim, C. Harris, K. Havemann, M. Mabry, J. Roth, N. Saijo, H. Skovgaard Poulsen, R. Stahel, T. Takahashi, P. Twentyman
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Statistical and Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Phase I and II Clinical Trials of New Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mark J. Ratain, Rosemarie Mick, Richard L. Schilsky, Mark Siegler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Statistical and Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Phase I and II Clinical Trials of New Anticancer Agents Get access Mark J. Ratain, Mark J. Ratain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rosemarie Mick, Rosemarie Mick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard L. Schilsky, Richard L. Schilsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark Siegler Mark Siegler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 20, 20 October 1993, Pages 1637–1643, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.20.1637 Published: 20 October 1993 Article history Received: 04 March 1993 Revision received: 26 June 1993 Accepted: 02 August 1993 Published: 20 October 1993
Comparison and validation of simple noninvasive tests for prediction of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Carolin Lackner, Gerd Struber, Bernadette Liegl, Sebastian Leibl, Petra Ofner, Csilla Bankuti, Bernd Bauer, Rudolf E. Stauber
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Liver biopsy is recommended before antiviral treatment, particularly for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection, but it may cause complications and is limited by sampling error. Several non-invasive tests comprising routine laboratory parameters (simple fibrosis tests) have been proposed to predict fibrosis in chronic HCV. The aim of the current study was to validate and compare the diagnostic accuracies of the simple fibrosis tests, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), age-platelet (AP) index, Pohl score, AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and platelet count per se. Staging was performed in liver biopsy specimens of 194 treatment-naïve patients with chronic HCV according to Ishak et al. by two independent pathologists. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed comparable diagnostic accuracies of CDS, AP index, APRI, and platelet count for prediction of significant fibrosis (F3-F6) (area under the ROC curve [AUROC], 0.71, 0.74, 0.80, and 0.71, respectively; pathologist A) and for prediction of cirrhosis (F5-F6) (AUROC, 0.91, 0.91, 0.90, and 0.89, respectively; pathologist A). Diagnostic accuracy of APRI for prediction of significant fibrosis was superior to that of AAR (P < .05). Significant fibrosis was reliably predicted by APRI ≥ 1.5 and platelet count <150 ×109/L in 24% and 22% of the patients, respectively, whereas cirrhosis was reliably excluded by APRI <2.0 and platelet count ≥ 150 ×109/L in 85% and 78% of the patients, respectively. In conclusion, simple fibrosis tests may render liver biopsy unnecessary only in a minority of patients with chronic HCV. Improved serum fibrosis markers with greater sensitivity for severe fibrosis or cirrhosis are needed. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:1376–1382.)
Cognitive Rehabilitation in Patients With Gliomas: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Karin Gehring, Margriet M. Sitskoorn, Chad M. Gundy, Sietske A.M. Sikkes, Martin Klein, Tjeerd J. Postma, Martin J. van den Bent, Guus N. Beute, Roelien H. Enting, Arnoud C. Kappelle, Willem Boogerd, Theo Veninga, Albert Twijnstra, Dolf H. Boerman, Martin J.B. Taphoorn, Neil K. Aaronson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Patients with gliomas often experience cognitive deficits, including problems with attention and memory. This randomized, controlled trial evaluated the effects of a multifaceted cognitive rehabilitation program (CRP) on cognitive functioning and selected quality-of-life domains in patients with gliomas.One hundred forty adult patients with low-grade and anaplastic gliomas, favorable prognostic factors, and both subjective cognitive symptoms and objective cognitive deficits were recruited from 11 hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group or to a waiting-list control group. The intervention incorporated both computer-based attention retraining and compensatory skills training of attention, memory, and executive functioning. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological (NP) tests and self-report questionnaires on cognitive functioning, fatigue, mental health-related quality of life, and community integration at baseline, after completion of the CRP, and at 6-month follow-up.At the immediate post-treatment evaluation, statistically significant intervention effects were observed for measures of subjective cognitive functioning and its perceived burden but not for the objective NP outcomes or for any of the other self-report measures. At the 6-month follow-up, the CRP group performed significantly better than the control group on NP tests of attention and verbal memory and reported less mental fatigue. Group differences in other subjective outcomes were not significant at 6 months.The CRP has a salutary effect on short-term cognitive complaints and on longer-term cognitive performance and mental fatigue. Additional research is needed to identify which elements of the intervention are most effective.
Effects of propranolol on the hepatic hemodynamic response to physical exercise in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Juan-Carlos Bandi, Joan Carles García-Pagán, Angels Escorsell, Erik François, Eduardo Moitinho, Joan Rodés, Jaume Bosch
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Physical exercise increases portal pressure (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG]) in patients with cirrhosis. It is unknown if this deleterious effect is associated with changes in gastroesophageal collateral blood flow and if these can be prevented by propranolol administration. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of propranolol on the splanchnic hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with cirrhosis. Twenty-three patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension had hemodynamic measurements in baseline conditions, and during moderate cycling exercise (40 W) under double-blind propranolol or placebo administration. In patients receiving placebo, HVPG significantly increased during exercise (from 16.7 ± 0.9 to 19.0 ± 1.0 mm Hg; P &lt; .01), hepatic blood flow (HBF) decreased (-18% ± 4%; P &lt; .01), while azygos blood flow (AzBF) was unchanged (4% ± 12%; ns). In patients receiving propranolol, portal pressure did not increase during exercise, but decreased from 16.3 ± 1.0 to 12.9 ± 1.1 mm Hg ( P &lt; .01). The lack of increase in HVPG in response to exercise in patients receiving propranolol may be related to a more pronounced decrease in HBF, as compared with patients receiving placebo, and to a blunted increase in cardiac output (CO). Moderate physical exercise adversely influences the hepatic hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis, causing a significant increase in portal pressure. This is effectively prevented by propranolol pretreatment.
Axon Growth and Guidance: Receptor Regulation and Signal Transduction
Authors: Michael O'Donnell, Rebecca K. Chance, Greg J. Bashaw
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2009)

The development of precise connectivity patterns during the establishment of the nervous system depends on the regulated action of diverse, conserved families of guidance cues and their neuronal receptors. Determining how these signaling pathways function to regulate axon growth and guidance is fundamentally important to understanding wiring specificity in the nervous system and will undoubtedly shed light on many neural developmental disorders. Considerable progress has been made in defining the mechanisms that regulate the correct spatial and temporal distribution of guidance receptors and how these receptors in turn signal to the growth cone cytoskeleton to control steering decisions. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms mediating growth cone guidance with a particular emphasis on the control of guidance receptor regulation and signaling.
SECTARIANISM IN PSYCHIATRY
Authors: LEON YOCHELSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Historically, medicine developed from man's need for relief from pain. In primitive times the medicine man became the first specialist and maintained his role with the tacit agreement of his people through the use of magic. The medicine man who permitted the replacement of magical by rational thinking evolved into the physician and later into the specialist. The medicine man, who resisted the replacement of magical by rational thinking, gave rise to the condition designated as sectarianism. This is defined as an excessive devotion to, or zeal for, a particular belief or orientation, with a quality of rigidity, defensiveness, and intolerance for the beliefs and orientations of others. Characteristically, it involves grandiosity, deification, and the perception of rationalism as dangerous. The contamination of psychiatry by sectarianism has produced a number of harmful effects by prejudicing trainees and practitioners against the advantages of the truly total approach to the patient.