tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Odynophagia and vomiting eight years after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
Authors: S. Renshaw, B. Mohammadi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A 51 year old woman presented with a two day history of odynophagia, followed by two days of vomiting after eating solids and subsequently also after drinking liquids. These symptoms were not accompanied by dysphagia, reflux symptoms, or change in bowel habit. A laparoscopic gastric band insertion eight years earlier had resulted in 10 kg weight loss. However, she had experienced similar symptoms four years ago, and these had resolved after deflation of the gastric band through aspiration from the subcutaneous port. She had no other medical history of note. 

On examination she was tachycardic (104 beats/min) but normotensive, and she had a temperature of 37.0oC. Her abdomen was soft and non-tender with no abdominal distension. Blood tests showed mild neutrophilia (white cell count 11.15×109/L (reference range 3-10); neutrophils 7.54×109/L (2-7.5)) and a raised C reactive protein (30.4 mg/L (0-5)), but normal liver function, renal function, calcium, and amylase. Erect chest and abdominal radiographs were performed (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Abdominal radiograph with a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band in situ. Reproduced with permission from Dustin Simpson, SAMMC, Texas, USA





### 1. What abnormality does the abdominal radiograph show?

#### Answer

The gastric band has tilted along its horizontal axis so that the anterior and posterior sides of the band are no longer superimposed (fig 1). This suggests that the gastric band has slipped.

#### Discussion

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) creates a small gastric pouch of about 15 mL in volume. This is done by securing a silicone gastric band 2 cm below the gastro-oesophageal junction, through a …
CD44 and hyaluronic acid cooperate with SDF-1 in the trafficking of human CD34+ stem/progenitor cells to bone marrow
Authors: Abraham Avigdor, Polina Goichberg, Shoham Shivtiel, Ayelet Dar, Amnon Peled, Sarit Samira, Orit Kollet, Rami Hershkoviz, Ronen Alon, Izhar Hardan, Herzl Ben-Hur, David Naor, Arnon Nagler, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Blood (2004)
Integrin αvβ3-Targeted IRDye 800CW Near-Infrared Imaging of Glioblastoma
Authors: Ruimin Huang, Jelena Vider, Joy L. Kovar, D. Michael Olive, Ingo K. Mellinghoff, Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk, Moritz F. Kircher, Ronald G. Blasberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Integrin αvβ3 plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. We have tested a targeted probe to visualize integrin receptor expression in glioblastomas using near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging. Experimental design: A transgenic glioblastoma mouse model (RCAS-PDGF-driven/tv-a glioblastoma, which mimics the infiltrative growth pattern of human glioblastomas) and two human orthotopic glioblastoma models (U-87 MG with high integrin β3 expression and TS543 with low integrin β3 expression) were studied. An integrin-targeting NIRF probe, IRDye 800CW-cyclic-RGD peptide (IRDye 800CW-RGD), was tested by in vivo and ex vivo NIRF imaging. Results: We show that the IRDye 800CW-RGD peptide: (i) specifically binds to integrin receptors; (ii) is selectively localized to glioblastoma tissue with overexpressed integrin receptors and is retained over prolonged periods of time; (iii) is associated with minimal autofluorescence and photobleaching because of imaging at 800 nm; (iv) provides delineation of tumor tissue with high precision because of a high tumor-to-normal brain fluorescence ratio (79.7 ± 6.9, 31.2 ± 2.8, and 16.3 ± 1.3) in the U-87 MG, RCAS-PDGF, and TS543 models, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.01); and (v) enables fluorescence-guided glioblastoma resection. Importantly, small foci of residual fluorescence were observed after resection was completed using white light imaging alone, and these fluorescent foci were shown to represent residual tumor tissue by histology. Conclusions: NIRF imaging with the IRDye 800CW-RGD probe provides a simple, rapid, low-cost, nonradioactive, and highly translatable approach for improved intraoperative glioblastoma visualization and resection. It also has the potential to serve as an imaging platform for noninvasive cancer detection and drug efficacy evaluation studies. Clin Cancer Res; 18(20); 5731–40. ©2012 AACR.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy in resectable pancreatic cancer: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: JP Neoptolemos, JA Dunn, DD Stocken, J Almond, K Link, H Beger, C Bassi, M Falconi, P Pederzoli, C Dervenis, L Fernandez-Cruz, F Lacaine, A Pap, D Spooner, DJ Kerr, H Friess, MW Büchler
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Xenograft Model of Progressive Human Proliferative Breast Disease
Authors: F. R. Miller, H. D. Soule, L. Tait, R. J. Pauley, S. R. Wolman, P. J. Dawson, G. H. Heppner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Progression of proliferative breast disease has been associated with increased risk for development of invasive carcinoma. Cell lines have been developed to facilitate the study of this process. Human cell line MCF10A originated from spontaneous immortalization of breast epithelial cells obtained from a patient with fibrocystic disease, and cell lines MCF10AneoN and MCF10AneoT were created by stable transfection of these cells with the neomycin-resistance gene and either the HRAS gene or the mutated T-24 HRAS gene, respectively.Our goal was to develop an experimental model of progressive human proliferative breast disease.MCF10A, MCF10AneoN, and MCF10AneoT cells were injected subcutaneously into the dorsal flank of male nude/beige (C57/BALB/c nu/nu bg/bg) mice (12 mice for each cell type). These mice were examined periodically for formation and persistence or growth of palpable nodules. One mouse per group was killed 1 week after cell injection; thereafter, mice were observed as long as possible. Cells were recovered from palpable lesions by enzymatic dissociation of the excised lesions. Cells re-established in tissue culture from a week-14 tumor (MCF10AneoT.TG1) were injected into 12 male nude/beige mice. Southern blot hybridization analysis of the HRAS gene locus and cytogenetic analyses were performed.Transplanted MCF10A and MCF10AneoN cells formed transient, small palpable nodules that regressed and disappeared during the 4th and 5th weeks. In 10 of the 12 mice, T-24 HRAS gene-transfected MCF10A cells (MCF10AneoT) formed small, flat nodules that persisted for at least 1 year. Three of these xenografts became carcinomas. One (removed 7 weeks after transplantation) was an undifferentiated carcinoma composed of polygonal cells with large, vesicular nuclei and numerous mitoses. The second (removed after 14 weeks) was an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The third (removed after 56 weeks) was a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Initially, xenografts of MCF10AneoT.TG1 cells showed intraductal proliferative changes; after 23 weeks, the lesions showed histologic features resembling those seen in atypical hyperplasia of the human breast, and later lesions showed characteristics of carcinoma in situ. The MCF10 lineage of cells of three MCF10AneoT.TG1 xenografts was confirmed by DNA fingerprinting and karyotype analysis.MCF10AneoT and MCF10AneoT.TG1 comprise a transplantable xenograft model that produces a broad spectrum of human proliferative breast disease.The reproducible establishment of representative stages in early breast cancer progression from the MCF10 model offers a new opportunity to analyze critical events of carcinogenesis and progression in breast cancer.
Phase 0 Clinical Trials in Oncology: An Exploratory Methodology for Constructing a Study With Patients Undergoing Surgery for Metastatic Disease
Authors: Marc Pocard, Jean-Charles Soria, Lydia Aldaz-Carroll, Dominique Bellet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Unite´ de Pharmacologie Chimique et Ge´ne´tique et Imagerie, Universite´ Paris Descartes; Unite´ 1022, Insti-tut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´dicale; Unite´ Mixte de Recherche 8151, Centre National de la RechercheScientiﬁque; and Ecole Nationale Supe´rieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, France
Human CD25+CD4+ T Suppressor Cell Clones Produce Transforming Growth Factor β, but not Interleukin 10, and Are Distinct from Type 1 T Regulatory Cells
Authors: Megan K. Levings, Romina Sangregorio, Claudia Sartirana, Anna Lisa Moschin, Manuela Battaglia, Paul C. Orban, Maria-Grazia Roncarolo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

T regulatory (Tr) cells are essential for the induction of peripheral tolerance. Several types of Tr cells exist, including CD4(+) T cells which express CD25 constitutively and suppress immune responses via direct cell-to-cell interactions, and type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells, which function via secretion of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. The relationship between CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells and Tr1 cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate at the clonal level that Tr1 and CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells are two distinct subsets of regulatory cells with different cytokine production profiles. Furthermore, CD25(-)CD4(+) T cells can be rendered anergic by IL-10 and differentiated into Tr1 cells in the absence of CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells. Cloned human CD25(+)CD4(+) T cell populations are heterogeneous and only a subset of clones continues to express high levels of CD25 and is suppressive. The intensity of CD25, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4, and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor expression correlates with the suppressive capacity of the T cell clones. None of the CD25(+)CD4(+) T cell clones with suppressive function produce IL-10, but all produce TGF-beta. Suppression mediated by CD25(+)CD4(+) T cell clones is partially dependent on TGF-beta, but not on constitutive high expression of CD25. Together these data indicate that naturally occurring human CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells are distinct from IL-10-producing Tr1 cells.
Did they talk their way out of Africa?
Authors: Toby M. Pearce
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Corballis suggests that fully vocal communication was invented by modern humans between 170,000 and 50,000 years ago. Because this new form of communication did not require hand gestures, he wondered whether this may have facilitated the development of lithic manufacture. I cast doubt on this interesting notion but offer an enhanced version that may have more potential.
Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Staging of Suspected Lung Cancer
Authors: Michael B. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (2008)

In patients with suspected lung cancer, the presence of mediastinal lymph node metastasis is a critical determinant of therapy and prognosis. Invasive staging with pathologic confirmation is recommended. Many methods for staging exist; mediastinoscopy, an invasive procedure requiring general anesthesia, is currently regarded as the diagnostic standard.To compare the diagnostic accuracy of 3 methods of minimally invasive endoscopic staging (and their combinations): traditional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA), and transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). In particular, we aimed to compare EBUS-FNA with TBNA.Invasive staging of the mediastinum among consecutive patients with suspected lung cancer at a US academic medical center from November 2004 through October 2006.TBNA, EBUS-FNA, and EUS-FNA performed sequentially as a single combined procedure.Sensitivity for detecting mediastinal lymph node metastases, using pathologic confirmation and 6- to 12-month clinical follow-up as the criterion standard.Among 138 patients who met all study criteria, 42 (30%) had malignant lymph nodes. EBUS-FNA was more sensitive than TBNA, detecting 29 (69%) vs 15 (36%) malignant lymph nodes (P = .003). The combination of EUS-FNA and EBUS-FNA (EUS plus EBUS) had higher estimated sensitivity (93% [39/42]; 95% confidence interval, 81%-99%) and negative predictive value (97% [96/99]; 95% confidence interval, 91%-99%) compared with either method alone. EUS plus EBUS also had higher sensitivity and higher negative predictive value for detecting lymph nodes in any mediastinal location and for patients without lymph node enlargement on chest computed tomography.These findings suggest that EBUS-FNA has higher sensitivity than TBNA and that EUS plus EBUS may allow near-complete minimally invasive mediastinal staging in patients with suspected lung cancer. These results require confirmation in other studies but suggest that EUS plus EBUS may be an alternative approach for mediastinal staging in patients with suspected lung cancer.
Relation between shock-related myocardial injury and defibrillation efficacy of monophasic and biphasic shocks in a canine model.
Authors: S Osswald, T G Trouton, S S O'Nunain, H B Holden, J N Ruskin, H Garan
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Certain biphasic waveforms with specific time ratios of positive and negative components require less energy for successful defibrillation of the fibrillating ventricles than monophasic waveforms. However, if more efficient waveforms were also to be associated with more injurious effects on myocardial function, they might not provide a true biological advantage. This study investigates the relation between defibrillation efficacy and potential toxicity of monophasic and asymmetric, single capacitor, biphasic waveforms with equal durations of positive and negative components.The myocardial lactate extraction rate (LER) was used to measure the injurious effects on myocardial oxidative metabolism of two synchronized 35-J shocks in sinus rhythm. LER, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and, in a subset of experiments, cardiac output (CO) and coronary blood flow (CBF) were measured at baseline, 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 150 seconds, 300 seconds, and 600 seconds after the shocks. In 12 dogs, three different waveforms (M 10: monophasic 10 milliseconds; BI 10: biphasic 10 milliseconds; BI 20: biphasic 20 milliseconds) were tested as series of two consecutive shocks (60 seconds apart) resulting in a total of 36 sets of data. At baseline, LER was 25 +/- 11%. After monophasic shocks, LER decreased significantly more than after biphasic shocks (LER at 150 seconds: M 10: -6 +/- 31% versus BI 10: 21 +/- 15% versus BI 20: 21 +/- 16%; M 10 versus BI 10 and M 10 versus BI 20, P < .05) and showed also a slower recovery (LER at 300 seconds: M 10: 1 +/- 24% versus BI 10: 20 +/- 11% versus BI 20: 20 +/- 15%; M 10 versus BI 10 and M 10 versus BI 20, P < .05). The maximal decrease in LER was 41 +/- 27% for M 10 compared with 18 +/- 15% for BI 10 and 15 +/- 11% for BI 20 (both, M 10 versus BI 10 and M 10 versus BI 20, P < .05). There was a similar decrease in CO and MAP, with the lowest MAP after monophasic shocks. The maximal decrease in MAP was significantly greater after M 10 compared with BI 20 (-29 +/- 15 mm Hg versus -13 +/- 11 mm Hg, P < .05). The defibrillation threshold was 18.6 +/- 8 J for M 10 compared with 11.5 +/- 4.0 J for BI 10 (P < .05) and 15.0 +/- 6.1 J for BI 20, respectively (P = NS).Our results suggest that these specific biphasic waveforms are associated with less injurious effects on myocardial oxidative metabolism and hemodynamic performance. Given their higher defibrillation efficacy as well, biphasic waveforms may provide important long-term benefits in patients receiving frequent shocks from implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
The association between adiponectin and diabetes in the Korean population
Authors: Soo Jin Yoon, Hong Soo Lee, Sang Wha Lee, Ji Eun Yun, Sang Yon Kim, Eo Rin Cho, Sun Ju Lee, Eun Jung Jee, Hee Yeon Lee, Jungyong Park, Hyon-Suk Kim, Sun Ha Jee
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
I Am No One. No One Is Perfect…Therefore I Am Perfect
Authors: Davide Tassinari, Luigi Lazzari-Agli, Paola Tombesi, Sergio Sartori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

At present, the INTEREST trial 2 is the only trial that shows the noninferiority of gefitinib in comparison with docetaxel in terms of 1-year survival rate. Such a result was not reached by Maruyama et al in the V-16-32 trial, 1 and it is unlikely that it can be hypothesized on the basis of the trial of Thatcher et al (ISEL trial), 3 which did not demonstrate any superiority of gefitinib in comparison with placebo. In our opinion, the assumption of every-3-weeks docetaxel as the gold standard of second-line treatments in NSCLC is fairly questionable. The TAX 317 trial demonstrated an improvement in overall survival with docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 when compared with best supportive care, 4 but only 55 patients were treated with this dose because of the relevant adverse effects observed with the original dose of docetaxel. After the TAX 317 trial, the clinical research has gone three different ways: first, to identify different schedules of docetaxel administration (weekly v every 3 weeks), using the design of the superiority trial; second, to compare novel molecules to every-3-weeks docetaxel, using the design of the noninferiority trial; and third, to use epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (gefitinib and erlotinib) as an alternative to chemotherapy. In this context, the clinical development of gefitinib was quite controversial. It was registered for clinical use on the basis of two strongly questioned phase II trials (the IDEAL I and IDEAL II trials) 5-6 ; afterwards, it dramatically fell down after the negative results of the ISEL trial, 3 and now it is trying to take a new lease on life mainly on the basis of the data of the INTEREST trial. 2 Apart from the interesting suggestions of the INTEREST trial, the key question that remains without any answer is who gets benefit from these data, as well as from those of all the other noninferiority trials designed and conducted in second-line treatment of NSCLC. Figure 1 reports the hazard ratios of all the randomized clinical trials published as full text that compared pemetrexed, 7 oral topotecan, 8 or gefitinib 1-2 with docetaxel using a noninferiority statistical design. All but the V-16-32 trial showed a noninferiority of the novel drug (pemetrexed, oral topotecan, and gefitinib) versus docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 , which is known to have found its role uniquely on the outcome of the 55 patients of the TAX 317 trial. 4 A few years ago, Garattini and Bertele ` 9 warned clinicians against
Implications of Dll4-Notch signaling activation in primary glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: N. El Hindy, K. Keyvani, A. Pagenstecher, P. Dammann, I. E. Sandalcioglu, U. Sure, Y. Zhu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by massive neovascularization, necrosis, and intense resistance to therapy. Deregulated Notch signaling has been implicated in the formation and progression of different malignancies. The present study attempted to investigate the activation status of Dll4-Notch signaling in primary human GBM and its association with vascular and clinical parameters in patients.Major components of Dll4-Notch signaling were examined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in GBM (n = 26) and control (n = 11) brain tissue. The vascular pattern (VP) and microvascular density (MVD) were analyzed after laminin immunostaining. O6-Methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in GBM samples was detected by methylation-specific PCR.The mRNA levels of Dll4, Jagged1, Notch1, Notch4, Hey1, Hey2, Hes1, and VEGF were 3.12-, 3.58-, 3.37-, 5.77-, 4.89-, 3.13-, 6.62-, and 32.57-fold elevated, respectively, in GBM samples, compared with the controls. Western blotting revealed a 4-, 3.7-, and 45.6-fold upregulation of Dll4, Notch1, and Hey1, respectively, accompanied by a downregulation of PTEN expression and an increase in the expression of p-Akt and VEGF. Immunostaining located the immunoreactivity of Dll4 and Notch1 in endothelial cells, microglia/macrophages, tumor cells, and astrocytes. Furthermore, the upregulation of Dll4-Notch signaling components was correlated to a low MVD and was potentially related to a classic VP, tumor edema, and MGMT promoter methylation.The upregulation of Dll4-Notch signaling components was found in a subset of GBM samples and was associated with some angiogenic and clinical parameters. These findings highlight this signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for patients with GBM who show an activation of Dll4-Notch signaling.
Pulmonary extravascular fluid accumulation in recreational climbers: a prospective study
Authors: George Cremona, Roberto Asnaghi, Paolo Baderna, Alessandro Brunetto, Tom Brutsaert, Carmelo Cavallaro, Timothy M Clark, Annalisa Cogo, Roberto Donis, Paola Lanfranchi, Andrew Luks, Nadia Novello, Stefano Panzetta, Liliana Perini, Marci Putnam, Liliana Spagnolatti, Harrieth Wagner, Peter D Wagner
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Rev response elements (RRE) in lentiviruses: An RNAMotif algorithm-based strategy for RRE prediction
Authors: Elena A. Lesnik, Ranga Sampath, David J. Ecker
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2002)

Abstract Lentiviruses (a sub‐family of the retroviridae family) include primate and non‐primate viruses associated with chronic diseases of the immune system and the central nervous system. All lentiviruses encode a regulatory protein Rev that is essential for post‐transcriptional transport of the unspliced and incompletely spliced viral mRNAs from nuclei to cytoplasm. The Rev protein acts via binding to an RNA structural element known as the Rev responsive element (RRE). The RRE location and structure and the mechanism of the Rev‐RRE interaction in primate and non‐primate lentiviruses have been analyzed and compared. Based on structural data available for RRE of HIV‐1, a two step computational strategy for prediction of putative RRE regions in lentivirus genomes has been developed. First, the RNAMotif algorithm was used to search genomic sequence for highly structured regions (HSR). Then the program RNAstructure, version 3.6 was used to calculate the structure and thermodynamic stability of the region of ∼ 350 nucleotides encompassing the HSR. Our strategy correctly predicted the locations of all previously reported lentivirus RREs. We were able also to predict the locations and structures of potential RREs in four additional lentiviruses. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 6, 617–636, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/med.10027