tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life on Mars?
Authors: Thomas H. Jukes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

DO INTELLIGENT creatures live "out there," among the stars? Perhaps we on earth will never know. But at least we may find out if there are living organisms on Mars, which, of all the planets in the solar system, is the only one that may have conditions tolerable for life as we know it. A National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) mission, Viking 75, will be launched next summer. Nearly a year later, it will land an automated package on the surface of Mars. The instruments will photograph the landscape, analyze the atmosphere and the weather, determine the physical properties of the surface, and search for evidence of life. Perhaps, about ten years from now, a more elaborate spacecraft will take off from Cape Canaveral on a round trip to bring back about 1 kg of soil from Mars! A debate has already started as to whether there is any
Scientists Probe Strategies to Repair Neuron Damage in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Move to switch statins to non-prescription in US
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

US medical authorities should follow the lead of Britain and allow the sale of cholesterol lowering agents without a prescription, said a US professor of medicine in an editorial published in the American Journal of Cardiology (2004;94:753-6).

British medical authorities switched simvastatin (Zocor) to over the counter status in July, making it the first statin to be available without prescription. Dr Antonio Gotto, professor of medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, applauded the move, saying that the “proven effectiveness and good safety record of statin medications argues for a similar move in the US.”

Johnson & Johnson-Merck is reapplying to the US Food and Drug Administration for over the counter …
354 PREVALENCE OF SIGNIFICANT FIBROSIS AND CORRELATIONS BETWEEN HISTOLOGICAL INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS SCORES AND SERUM HEPATITIS B (HBV) DNA LEVELS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: C. Croagh, S. Bell, Y. Kong, R. Chen, J. Slavin, S. Locarnini, P. Desmond
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Central Airway Obstruction
Authors: Fredrick K. Orkin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The caution by Spivey and colleagues (226:1186, 1973) that chronic central airway lesions may simulate the peripheral obstruction of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema prompts comment on the corollary during general anesthesia. Bronchospasm may occur during anesthesia, but usually only in a patient who has peripheral airway disease and is stimulated under light anesthesia, particularly with irritant vapors,<sup>1</sup>or who has aspirated gastric contents. Bronchial constriction is an element of the general pharmacology of several anesthetic and adjuvant drugs (thiopental, cyclopropane, tubocurarine, morphine, trimethaphan camsylate), yet rarely is apparent clinically.<sup>1,2</sup>An allergic drug reaction may also produce bronchospasm, although anaphylaxis is so rare as to be a reportable event. Frequently forgotten in the evaluation of the patient who wheezes and is "difficult to ventilate" during anesthesia is central airway obstruction related to tracheal intubation. The tracheal tube chosen should have the largest diameter and shortest length
Multifocal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Infiltrative Pelvic Lesions
Authors: Ba Duong Nguyen, Michael C. Roarke, Spencer F. Chivers
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is essentially a pediatric disorder with a large spectrum encompassing focal lytic osseous eosinophilic granuloma, chronic multifocal Hand-Schuller-Christian lesions, and fulminant disseminated Letterer-Siwe syndrome. However, adult involvement is not uncommon. The authors present a case of multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 47-year-old woman. The PET/CT-depicted infiltrative features of soft tissue and osseous pelvic lesions with obstructive uropathy are unusual for this disease.
THE LACTOGENIC FACTOR OF THE PITUITARY
Authors: OSCAR RIDDLE
Journal: JAMA (1935)

<h3>Note.</h3> —<i>These articles and those in the previous two numbers of</i>The Journal<i>are part of a series published under the auspices of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry. Other articles will appear in succeeding issues of</i>The Journal.—Ed. In 1928-1929 Stricker and Grüter demonstrated that a factor essential to lactogenesis is associated with the anterior pituitary. They did not identify or find other associations of the lactogenic principle ; but crude saline and alkaline extracts were shown to initiate milk secretion in suitable rabbits, bitches, sows and cows—some of which were previously castrated. Their results were soon confirmed and further extended to rats, guineapigs and goats by Corner, Evans and Simpson, Nelson and Pfiffner, Turner and Gardner, Asdell and others. Also in these confirmatory studies—and in those of Riddle and Braucher on the crop-gland response—simple extracts
The Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT): The Creation, Validation, and Reliability of a Tool to Assess Child Development in Rural African Settings
Authors: Melissa Gladstone, Gillian A. Lancaster, Eric Umar, Maggie Nyirenda, Edith Kayira, Nynke R. van den Broek, Rosalind L. Smyth
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Although 80% of children with disabilities live in developing countries, there are few culturally appropriate developmental assessment tools available for these settings. Often tools from the West provide misleading findings in different cultural settings, where some items are unfamiliar and reference values are different from those of Western populations.Following preliminary and qualitative studies, we produced a draft developmental assessment tool with 162 items in four domains of development. After face and content validity testing and piloting, we expanded the draft tool to 185 items. We then assessed 1,426 normal rural children aged 0-6 y from rural Malawi and derived age-standardized norms for all items. We examined performance of items using logistic regression and reliability using kappa statistics. We then considered all items at a consensus meeting and removed those performing badly and those that were unnecessary or difficult to administer, leaving 136 items in the final Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT). We validated the tool by comparing age-matched normal children with those with malnutrition (120) and neurodisabilities (80). Reliability was good for items remaining with 94%-100% of items scoring kappas >0.4 for interobserver immediate, delayed, and intra-observer testing. We demonstrated significant differences in overall mean scores (and individual domain scores) for children with neurodisabilities (35 versus 99 [p<0.001]) when compared to normal children. Using a pass/fail technique similar to the Denver II, 3% of children with neurodisabilities passed in comparison to 82% of normal children, demonstrating good sensitivity (97%) and specificity (82%). Overall mean scores of children with malnutrition (weight for height <80%) were also significantly different from scores of normal controls (62.5 versus 77.4 [p<0.001]); scores in the separate domains, excluding social development, also differed between malnourished children and controls. In terms of pass/fail, 28% of malnourished children versus 94% of controls passed the test overall.A culturally relevant developmental assessment tool, the MDAT, has been created for use in African settings and shows good reliability, validity, and sensitivity for identification of children with neurodisabilities.
Keeping the Patient in the Equation — Humanism and Health Care Reform
Authors: Pamela Hartzband, Jerome Groopman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Over the past decade, two major movements have emerged in medicine, both intended to improve patient care. The medical humanism movement seeks to understand the patient as a person, focusing on individual values, goals, and preferences with respect to clinical decisions. The second movement is evidence-based practice, which aims to put medicine on a firm scientific footing; experts evaluate the best available data and develop clinical guidelines designed to standardize procedures and therapies. These two movements will now play out in the context of national health care reform, the goals of which are universal coverage and cost containment. Until now, . . .
MYOMECTOMY DURING PREGNANCY AND LABOUR AT TERM IN AN ELDERLY PRIMIPARA: WITH NOTES ON SIMILAR CASES
Authors: A. Doran
Journal: BMJ (1906)

Condition on Admission.-Shewas cyano3ed and had very marked dyspnoea.There was a well-marked systolic thrill in the episternal notch, and in the neck.A soft systolic murmur was heard in the mitral area, and in the aortic area a systolic and a faint diastolic.Over the whole of the chest there were numerous bronchitic sounds.The urine contained 4.2 gr. per oz. of albumen.Death.-While in hospital the patient became very dropsical, and died suddenly on March 31st. Autop8y.Heart and Pericardium.-The pericardium was adherent to the epicardium over the anterior surface of the heart, and in the adhesions there was some calcareous deposit.The right auricle was dilated and its endocardium thickened.The triouspid orifice was narrowed and the valves showed recent vegetations.The right ventricle was hypertrophied.At the apex there was fatty infiltration.The pulmonary valves were slightly thickened, especially at their margins, and there were several small clusters of recent vegetations at the corpus Arantii.The left auricle was dilated and its endooardium thickened.The mitral orifice was stcaosed.The valve segments were thickened, and on the auricular aspect there were irregular vegetations, some cal¢ified, others soft and easily broken down.The left ventricle was hypertrophied.The mitral orifice was narrowed, the cusps were thickened and contracted, and the' chordae tendineae were also thickened.The aortip valves were incomp,etent, were very much thickened by old endocarditis, and also showed some recent vegetations.The liver showed nothing specially important, and there was no reaction to the iodine test.Microscopically some of
E- to N-cadherin switch in melanoma is associated with decreased expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and cancer progression
Authors: J. Lade-Keller, R. Riber-Hansen, P. Guldberg, H. Schmidt, S.J. Hamilton-Dutoit, T. Steiniche
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Cadherin switch in melanoma, with loss of E‐cadherin and upregulation of N‐cadherin, is believed to underlie melanoma cell detachment from the epidermis and promotion of dermal and vascular melanoma invasion. The tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has been suggested as a potential regulator of this cadherin switch. To study the biological and clinical implications of cadherin switch and PTEN expression in melanoma progression. We constructed tissue microarrays from primary tumour samples from 394 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded melanomas diagnosed between 2001 and 2006. Median follow‐up was 10 years. Tissue microarray sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin and PTEN, and expression was analysed semiquantitatively. Breslow thickness correlated strongly with reduced/absent PTEN expression (P <0·0001), low E‐cadherin expression (P <0·0001), high N‐cadherin expression (P <0·0001) and the combination of low E‐cadherin and high N‐cadherin expression (cadherin switch profile; P =0·001). There was a significant association between reduced/absent PTEN and the presence of the cadherin switch profile (P =0·03). In univariate analyses, low E‐cadherin expression significantly predicted an adverse overall relapse‐free (P =0·04), melanoma‐specific (P =0·03) and distant‐metastasis‐free (P =0·01) survival; reduced/absent PTEN predicted an adverse overall relapse‐free survival (P =0·006), and the cadherin switch profile predicted adverse melanoma‐specific (P =0·005) and distant‐metastasis‐free (P =0·01) survival. In multivariate analysis, the cadherin switch profile was an independent prognostic marker of melanoma‐specific (P =0·04) and distant‐metastasis‐free survival (P =0·02). Cadherin switch and reduced/absent PTEN expression are associated in melanoma, and both factors may play important roles in the progression of melanoma.
Empirical assessment of effect of publication bias on meta-analyses
Authors: Alex J. Sutton, S.J. Duval, R.L. Tweedie, Keith R. Abrams, David R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2000)

To assess the effect of publication bias on the results and conclusions of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Analysis of published meta-analyses by trim and fill method.48 reviews in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews that considered a binary endpoint and contained 10 or more individual studies.Number of reviews with missing studies and effect on conclusions of meta-analyses.The trim and fill fixed effects analysis method estimated that 26 (54%) of reviews had missing studies and in 10 the number missing was significant. The corresponding figures with a random effects model were 23 (48%) and eight. In four cases, statistical inferences regarding the effect of the intervention were changed after the overall estimate for publication bias was adjusted for.Publication or related biases were common within the sample of meta-analyses assessed. In most cases these biases did not affect the conclusions. Nevertheless, researchers should check routinely whether conclusions of systematic reviews are robust to possible non-random selection mechanisms.
Polymorphism in the promoter region of the bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(Gilbert's syndrome) in healthy Dutch subjects
Authors: Rene H. M. te Morsche, Petra L. M. Zusterzeel, Maarten T. M. Raijmakers, Eva-Maria Roes, Eric A. P. Steegers, Wilbert H. M. Peters
Journal: Hepatology (2001)
The intracellular Ca2+ channel MCOLN1 is required for sarcolemma repair to prevent muscular dystrophy
Authors: Xiping Cheng, Xiaoli Zhang, Qiong Gao, Mohammad Ali Samie, Marlene Azar, Wai Lok Tsang, Libing Dong, Nirakar Sahoo, Xinran Li, Yue Zhuo, Abigail G Garrity, Xiang Wang, Marc Ferrer, James Dowling, Li Xu, Renzhi Han, Haoxing Xu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
CATHETER ABLATION IMPROVES QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND PREVIOUS ATRIOVENTRICULAR JUNCTION ABLATION FOLLOWED BY PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION
Authors: Sanghamitra Mohanty, Prasant Mohanty, Di Biase Luigi, Rong Bai, Pasquale Santangeli, David Burkhardt, Rodney Horton, G. Gallinghouse, Javier Sanchez, Shane Bailey, Jason Zagrodzky, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Leukopenia, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, and Folinic Acid
Authors: Harry Hollander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1985Leukopenia, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, and Folinic AcidHARRY HOLLANDER, M.D.HARRY HOLLANDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-138_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: After several reports of the high incidence of leukopenia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after the use of high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1, 2), Kinzie and Taylor (3) suggested that all patients should receive prophylactic folinic acid. Although the biochemical basis of this recommendation is sound, in practice this has not been efficacious. The unusual sensitivity of these patients' bone marrow to various antibiotic agents is borne out by a recent report of severe leukopenia seen during therapy with pentamidine, the other accepted treatment forPneumocystis cariniipneumonia (4). These cytopenias are commonly seen in conjunction with...References1. GORDINSIMONWOFSYMILLS FGCJ. Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:495-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KOVACSHEIMENZMACHER JJA. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:663-71. LinkGoogle Scholar3. KINZIETAYLOR BJ. Trimethoprim and folinic acid [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:565. LinkGoogle Scholar4. . Severe neutropenia during pentamidine treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—New York City. MMWR. 1984;33:65-7. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. JAFFEAMMANNABRAMSLEWISGOLDEN HADBJ. Complications of co-trimoxazole in treatment of AIDS-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. Lancet. 1983;2:1109-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HARRY HOLLANDER, M.D.Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco San Franciso, CA 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySulfonamide Antibacterial AgentsVitamins in HIV InfectionNutrition and HIV infection in childrenVitamins and minerals in HIV infectionChemoprophylaxis with Oral Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole In Otitis MediaTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Other SulfonamidesEXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS IN AIDS PATIENTS GIVEN LOW-DOSE METOCLOPRAMIDE OR CHLORPROMAZINE 1 January 1985Volume 102, Issue 1Page: 138-138KeywordsAIDSAntibioticsBone marrowPneumocystis carinii pneumonia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pulmonary Nodules, Fever, and Hepatosplenomegaly in a 2-Month-Old Child
Authors: Dale E. Wenlund
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. George F. Zinninger: These roentgenograms were taken of a 2-month-old white girl, who was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of cough of two days' duration and diarrhea of approximately one week. The three siblings at home were all well and the family history was essentially normal. The child was pale and lethargic. Physical examination of the chest was unremarkable, but hepatosplenomegaly was noted. The child's temperature was 103.6 F (39.8 C) rectally. The white blood cell count (WBC) was 16,600/cu mm, with 58% polymorphonuclear leukocytes; the hematocrit reading was 28%. A trace of protein was present in the urine along with 3 to 5 WBC. The findings from a lumbar puncture were normal and a few pneumococci were recovered from the sputum. Roentgenograms (Fig 1) were taken the day of admission. They were interpreted as showing patchy infiltrates in the upper-lung fields along with hepatosplenomegaly. The
Transforming Growth Factor β 1, Interleukin-8 and Interleukin-1, in Non–Small-Cell Lung Tumors
Authors: ANTONELLA COLASANTE, NICOLA MASCETRA, MAURO BRUNETTI, GIUSEPPE LATTANZIO, MARIAGRAZIA DIODORO, SARA CALTAGIRONE, PIERO MUSIANI, FRANCESCA B. AIELLO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

A role in tumor progression has been proposed for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) and interleukin (IL)-8 as well as for IL-1, which itself induces the production of TGF beta 1 and IL-8 in many cell types. TGF beta 1 and IL-8 production and their regulation by IL-1 in five non-small-cell (NSC) lung tumor cell lines were evaluated. Moreover, their levels were evaluated in 29 NSC lung tumors. All cell lines constitutively produced TGF beta 1, and three produced IL-8. After IL-1 beta treatment, TGF beta 1 production was upregulated in two cell lines, whereas IL-8 production was markedly upregulated in two, induced in one, and unmodified in two. In tumors, the levels of TGF beta 1, IL-8, and IL-1 beta were higher than in normal counterparts (p < 0.001), and a positive correlation between IL-8 and IL-1 beta levels (p < 0.001) was found. TGF beta 1, IL-8, and IL-1 beta mRNA expression was examined in 12 tumors. TGF beta 1 mRNA was detected in all cases, IL-8 mRNA in 7, and IL-1 beta MRNA was undetectable. TGF beta 1, IL-8, and IL-1 beta immunoreactivity was then studied by immunohistochemistry. TGF beta 1 and IL-8 immunoreactivity was observed in neoplastic cells; IL-1 beta immunoreactivity was observed in mononuclear cells. In conclusion, in tumors IL-1 beta levels positively correlated with those of IL-8, and IL-1 beta as well as TGF beta 1 and IL-8 levels were significantly higher than in normal tissues.
Effect of chemical modification of sulfhydryl groups of human erythrocyte enzymes
Authors: W. N. Valentine, D. E. Paglia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Erythrocyte lysate proteins prepared by five methods were chemically modified by methanethiolation with methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS). This relatively newly studied agent delivers the small uncharged, non‐hydrogen‐bonding CH 3 S‐group to accessible ‐SH groups under mild conditions. Glycolytic and nonglycolytic red cell enzymes studied could be grouped into four categories based on degree of catalytic inhibition by MMTS, which ranged from 100% to nil. NADH (0.06 mM) protected against lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition nearly completely, and partial protection was evident at 1 μM concentrations. NAD was virtually ineffective at comparable molarities, and pyruvate failed to protect significantly. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD) (but not 6‐PGD) was protected by NADP (but minimally if at all by NADPH) at low molarities. Substrate G‐6‐P failed to protect. Mg ++ alone protected enolase to a major degree against MMTS inhibition. Residual activities of several enzymes were rendered highly unstable to thermal stress, and in the case of selected enzymes, alteration of pH activity curves and catalytic activity at diminished substrate concentration was demonstrable. The highly specific modification of sulfhydryl groups of cysteinyl residues under mild conditions preserving other aspects of enzyme structure provides insights into the role of these most reactive of all amino side‐chains in the enzyme proteins derived from human red cell lysates.
Observations on the Anti-human-globulin Test in Malignant Disease
Authors: J. O. W. Beilby
Journal: BMJ (1958)

It has been known for some time that positive anti- human-globulin reactions do occur in certain cases of malignant disease (Hyman, 1954;Rosenthal, Pisciotta, Komninos, Goldenberg, and Dameshek, 1955), and no claim to disprove this is being made.However, it was found that the high percentage of positive reactions recorded by Green, Wakefield, and Littlewood (1957) was at variance with our experience here, and this stimu- lated a survey of a series of cases of various types of cancer at this hospital.