tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH LESIONS OF TEMPORAL LOBE
Authors: Donald W. Mulder
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Psychiatric symptoms are encountered frequently as presenting complaints in patients who have diseases of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. The differentiation of these symptoms from those related to emotional disease is often difficult and seldom is made early. One of the earliest reports describing these psychic phenomena is that of an English physician who, writing under the pseudonym Quaerens,<sup>1</sup>in 1870, described the unusual psychic phenomenon he had observed in himself for some time prior to the onset of convulsive seizures. He wrote, "It (that is the Psychic Phenomenon) probably ought to be regarded as showing disturbance of brain function; and that, perhaps, its recognition and removal might sometimes prevent the development of a more important disorder. Secondly, that inquiry in cases of epilepsy may detect a something of this sort, put aside as not being of sufficient consequence to speak of; and yet in truth being a
Gastroprotective peptide trefoil factor family 2 gene is activated by upstream stimulating factor but not by c-Myc in gastrointestinal cancer cells
Authors: E Al-azzeh
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background: Damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa results in the acute up-regulation of the trefoil factor family peptides TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3. They possess protective, healing, and tumour suppressive functions. Little is known about the regulation of TFF gene expression. The promoters of all three TFF genes contain binding sites (E box) for upstream stimulating factor (USF) and Myc/Max/Mad network proteins. Aims: To determine the nature and function of transcription factors that bind to these E boxes and to understand their role for TFF gene expression. Methods: TFF promoter activities were determined by reporter gene assays. DNA binding was monitored by electromobility shift assays and by chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Expression of endogenous TFF was determined by multiplex RT-PCR. Results: It was observed that the TFF2 promoter is specifically and efficiently activated by USF transcription factors but not by c-Myc. USF displayed comparable binding to a high affinity Myc/Max binding site compared with the three TFF E boxes, while c-Myc exhibited lower affinity to the TFF E boxes. In contrast, pronounced binding differences were observed in cells with a strong preference for USF to interact specifically with the TFF2 E box, while Myc was not above background. Exogenous expression of USF was sufficient to activate the chromosomal TFF2 and to a lesser extent, the TFF1 gene. Conclusion: These findings define USF factors as regulators of the TFF2 gene and suggest that promoter specific effects are important for a pronounced gene activation of this cytoprotective peptide.
From Darwin's Finches to Canaries in the Coal Mine — Mining the Genome for New Biology
Authors: David J. Hunter, David Altshuler, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The observations of finches that Charles Darwin made while in the Galapagos contributed to his theory of the origins of interspecies differences, ultimately leading to our understanding of mutation and natural selection as drivers of phenotypic variation. Now, more than 150 years later, genomewide association studies have identified more than 100 new chromosomal regions at which DNA variation influences risk of common human diseases and clinical phenotypes.1 Since previous approaches to identifying genetic causes of common diseases have met with very limited success, this moment constitutes a watershed in the history of genetics in medicine.Although associations with common single-nucleotide . . .
Recent Advances: Interventional neuroradiology
Authors: W. Taylor, G. Rodesch
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Interventional neuroradiology aims to cure, ameliorate, or stabilise symptoms due to vascular lesions in the * Angioplasty is a safe alternative to carotid endarterectomy in the small percentage of patients who are thought to have a stroke as a result of carotid stenosis * Fibrinolysis may be beneficial in patients with thromboembolic stroke and is probably beneficial in patients with central retinal artery occlusion Lyshohn
Parental depression, maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy, and risk of autism spectrum disorders: population based case-control study
Authors: D. Rai, B. K. Lee, C. Dalman, J. Golding, G. Lewis, C. Magnusson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To study the association between parental depression and maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy with autism spectrum disorders in offspring.Population based nested case-control study.Stockholm County, Sweden, 2001-07.4429 cases of autism spectrum disorder (1828 with and 2601 without intellectual disability) and 43,277 age and sex matched controls in the full sample (1679 cases of autism spectrum disorder and 16,845 controls with data on maternal antidepressant use nested within a cohort (n=589,114) of young people aged 0-17 years.A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, with or without intellectual disability.Parental depression and other characteristics prospectively recorded in administrative registers before the birth of the child. Maternal antidepressant use, recorded at the first antenatal interview, was available for children born from 1995 onwards.A history of maternal (adjusted odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 2.08) but not paternal depression was associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring. In the subsample with available data on drugs, this association was confined to women reporting antidepressant use during pregnancy (3.34, 1.50 to 7.47, P=0.003), irrespective of whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors were reported. All associations were higher in cases of autism without intellectual disability, there being no evidence of an increased risk of autism with intellectual disability. Assuming an unconfounded, causal association, antidepressant use during pregnancy explained 0.6% of the cases of autism spectrum disorder.In utero exposure to both SSRIs and non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors (tricyclic antidepressants) was associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders, particularly without intellectual disability. Whether this association is causal or reflects the risk of autism with severe depression during pregnancy requires further research. However, assuming causality, antidepressant use during pregnancy is unlikely to have contributed significantly towards the dramatic increase in observed prevalence of autism spectrum disorders as it explained less than 1% of cases.
Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome
Authors: Allan B. Aven
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the recent contribution by Brinton et al,<sup>1</sup>I was most disappointed to see that the simplest of procedures was omitted from their evaluation of the discovery of the etiologic agent of this outbreak—that is, simple mold cultures of the ambient air. It seems that the authors were somewhat unfamiliar with the vast spectrum of diseases caused by molds. Literally hundreds of mold species are present in the environment, any one of which in high concentrations certainly could cause an immunologic inflammatory reaction in man. Their evaluation of the etiologic agents seemed too limited, especially in view of the fact that patients did not react to "an extract of the straw." Comprehensive ambient air testing for mold could be performed very easily by exposing Sabouraud's or potato dextrose agar in the fraternity residence, and plates could be evaluated by a qualified mycologist for completeness.
FAMILY HISTORY OF PREMATURE CAD AND TRADITIONAL CLINICAL RISK FACTORS IN PREDICTING OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN YOUNG PATIENTS REFERRED FOR CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Aiden Abidov, Kavitha M. Chinnaiyan, James H. Wegner, Gilbert L. Raff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Idelalisib, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110δ, for relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jennifer R. Brown, John C. Byrd, Steven E. Coutre, Don M. Benson, Ian W. Flinn, Nina D. Wagner-Johnston, Stephen E. Spurgeon, Brad S. Kahl, Celeste Bello, Heather K. Webb, Dave M. Johnson, Sissy Peterman, Daniel Li, Thomas M. Jahn, Brian J. Lannutti, Roger G. Ulrich, Albert S. Yu, Langdon L. Miller, Richard R. Furman
Journal: Blood (2014)
Balantidial Dysentery in Rodriguez and its Treatment with Mercury Biniodide
Authors: M. Shun-Shin
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Manson-Bahr (1936) states: "Balantidial dysentery is such a rare disease in man that it is more of a curiosity than anything else.Unfortunately the treatment of this infection has so far proved to be very unsatisfactory."The following cases successfully treated with mercury biniodide may therefore prove of interest.Rodriguez is an island of 40 sq.miles lying about 350 miles from Mauritius, of which it is a dependency.It has a population of 12,000, and every household breeds at least one pig.The prevailing hygienic conditions are very unsatisfactory, so that dysentery due to Balantidium coli should not be unexpected.During 1945 ten cases of balantidial dysentery were recorded; the first case was fatal, but the others were cured.Wlfen mepacrine proved to be ineffective in the first case it was decided to use some heavy metal, as Walker (quoted by Manson-Bahr, 1931) found that organic com- pounds of silver were very effective.Mercury biniodide was tried because it was the most easily obtainable metallic compound.Case Histories Case 1.-A manxaged 30 was admitted into hospital on April20, 1945, having complained of dysentery for several days.His stools were profuse and watery, and containedBal.coli in fairly large numbers.He was given mepacrine 0.5 g. thrice daily and a mixture of bismuth and opium.The diarrhoea increased in severity and he died five days later.Case 2.-A boy aged 41 years was admitted into hospital on May 27, 1945, with the history of having had an attack of diarrhoea two months previously but without blood; it lasted for ten days and passed off with medical treatment.For some days before admission he had been having seven to nine motions daily; most of the stools contained blood, but sometimes only mucus.On admission the stool was found to containBal.coli.An in- jection of biniodide of mercury, 1/24 gr.(2.7 mg.), was given intramuscularly.The number of stools decreased progres- sively until only two motions containing some blood were passed on the 29th, when another injection was given.By June 6 all blood had disappeared from the faeces, which were found to contain no Bal.cali, but only trichuris and ascaris eggs.The boy was seen again at the beginning of April, 1946.He was then well and passing normal stools, but these were not brought for examination.Case 3.-A girl aged 3 years attended the out-patients' depart- ment on May 31, 1945.The mother stated that the child had
Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: C P. Wong, T K. AuYong, C M. Tong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid is a rare type of thyroid neoplasm. The most common clinical presentation is a single palpable thyroid nodule. The neoplasm typically presents as a nonfunctioning or cold nodule on a Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate or radioiodine thyroid scan. We report a case of Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid in a woman presenting with thyrotoxicosis. The Tc-99m thyroid scan was also interesting in that the nodule was a hot or hyperfunctioning area, resulting in a rare scintigraphic finding in a rare tumor. Clinicopathologic aspects and related issues are further discussed.
Study of symptoms in middle life with special reference to the menopause.
Authors: G T Bungay, M P Vessey, C K McPherson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

In an attempt to clarify the nature of the "menopausal syndrome" a survey of symptoms was carried out by means of postal questionnaires in a population sample of 1120 women and 510 men. Special care was taken to avoid letting the participants know that the survey was mainly concerned with the menopause. Response rates were 72% for women and 68% for men. Analysis of patterns of symptoms by age and sex showed that peaks of prevalence of flushing and sweating were closely associated with the mean age of menopause, coinciding with it or occurring a little after it. Less impressive peaks of prevalence of a group of minor mental symptoms were associated with an age just preceding the mean age of menopause. Complaints about aching breasts, irritability, and low backache diminished after the menopause. No association with the menopause was found for various other symptoms. The results of this study support the view that the menopausal syndrome exists but do not, of course, provide any evidence concerning the effectiveness (or safety) of hormone treatment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine
Authors: Burton P. Drayer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 December 1994Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and SpineBurton P. DrayerBurton P. DrayerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with great interest the critique of MRI [1] and the review of its indications [2]. Although the observations are limited by the authors' lack of clinical imaging experience, an underestimation of the often definitive value of a normal study result, and an overestimation of the occurrence of false-positive results that would cause no difficulty for the experienced imaging physician, the thrust and efforts of the authors should be commended.It has become popular to blame new imaging techniques for increasing health care costs, which is frustrating to imaging physicians who at times cannot present hard ...References1. Kent DL, Haynor DR, Longstreth WT Jr, Larson EB. The clinical efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging in neuroimaging. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:856-71. Google Scholar2. American College of Physicians. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine: a revised statement. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:872-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 11Page: 896-898 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
IS KERATITIS EVER CAUSED BY RHEUMATISM?
Authors: LEARTUS CONNOR
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Rheumatism is a "symptom complex" rather than a definite disease; an infection, though the germ or germs are not agreed on. It must be separated from the joint diseases due to infected wounds, typhoid fever, acute follicular tonsillitis, gonorrhea, scarlatina, dysentery, pneumonia or septic pyemia in this discussion. For our purpose, rheumatism may be classed as (1) acute articular and (2) indefinite, the first having well-defined symptoms, the second shading off to phenomena hard to characterize, and yet representing a pathologic entity of defective metabolism in fibrous tissue and insufficient elimination of certain waste products. Clinical experience shows that eliminative agents influence most favorably both rheumatism and associated keratitis. Typical among these are the salicylates, of which Cushny says, "they increase by 12 per cent. the excretion of sulphur; augment the excretion of uric acid from 30 to 100 per cent., and correspondingly increase the leucocytes in the blood. In
Prognostic Significance of Multiple Previous Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Matthias Thielmann, Rainer Leyh, Parwis Massoudy, Markus Neuhäuser, Ivan Aleksic, Markus Kamler, Ulf Herold, Jarowit Piotrowski, Heinz Jakob
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— A possible relationship between increased perioperative risk during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is debatable. We sought to determine the impact of previous PCI on patient outcome after elective CABG. Methods and Results— Between January 2000 and January 2005, 2626 consecutive patients undergoing first-time isolated elective CABG as the primary revascularization procedure (group 1) were evaluated for in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and were compared with 360 patients after single PCI (group 2) and with 289 patients after multiple PCI sessions (group 3) before elective CABG. Unadjusted univariate and risk-adjusted multivariate logistic-regression analysis revealed previous multiple PCIs to be strongly associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52 to 3.21; P &lt;0.001) and MACEs (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.38 to 3.59; P &lt;0.001). To control for selection bias, a computed propensity-score matching based on 13 patient characteristics and preoperative risk factors was performed separately comparing group 1 versus 2 and group 1 versus 3. After propensity matching, conditional logistic-regression analysis confirmed previous multiple PCIs to be strongly associated with in-hospital mortality (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.51 to 5.98; P &lt;0.0017) and MACEs (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.45 to 3.67; P &lt;0.0004). Conclusions— In patients with a history of multiple PCI sessions, perioperative risk for in-hospital mortality and MACEs during subsequent elective CABG is increased.
ANTIGENICITY OF POLYPEPTIDES (POLY ALPHA AMINO ACIDS)
Authors: Paul H. Maurer, Bernard F. Gerulat, Paul Pinchuck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

It has been shown that the polymers GLA5, GLT, GLA40, and GLAT are antigenic in human beings. Both immediate skin reactions and delayed (cellular) reactions were observed. The antibody produced reacted well in the precipitin reaction, agglutinated antigen coated tanned sheep cells, was less effective in inducing PCA reactions, and failed to sensitize guinea pigs for passive systemic anaphylaxis. The immediate skin reactivity appeared not to be related to the P-K antibody. The delayed reaction was histologically distinct from the immediate reaction and consisted of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in contrast to the predominantly polymorphonuclear cells in the latter reaction. The antigenic response against the polymers resembled that observed with proteins. From cross-reactions it appears that the response is heterogeneous in the sense that not all individuals react against the same groupings in the complex polymers.
Causes and Temporal Sequence of Onset of Functional Asplenia in Adults
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, VIJAY DHAWAN, KOLLI SURESH, MOHAMED A. ANTAR, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, ISAAC WASSERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

To determine the causes and time course of onset of functional asplenia in adults, a four-part investigation was conducted. This consisted of a review of the world's literature, a survey of colleagues, a detailed study of 4,476 consecutive liver-spleen scans in three hospitals, and continued monitoring of 3,500 scans in five hospitals. Based on the findings, a classification was proposed of the causes of functional asplenia. The two major etiologies were circulatory disturbances and effects directly on splenic reticuloendothelial cells. The time course varied from the essentially instantaneous onset of functional asplenia in patients with acute splenic artery obstruction, to a prolonged and gradual onset in those with chronic damage to splenic reticuloendothelial cells. Functional asplenia was found in 0.14% of the adults who had liver-spleen scans for other indications.
Outcomes Following Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in ASTRO Consensus Statement Unsuitable Patients.
Authors: D. McHaffie, R. Patel, R. Das, G. Cannon
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose/Objective: There are limited data to guide patient selection for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). In the recent ASTRO consensus statement, an unsuitable group was defined for whom APBI should only be offered in the context of a clinical trial. In this analysis, we reviewed the outcomes in this cohort of potentially higher risk patients.Materials/Methods: Between 2/2001 and 6/2006, a total of 322 consecutive patients were treated with HDR APBI at the University of Wisconsin. A total of 107 “unsuitable” patients were identified: 80 pts (74.7%) age &amp;lt; 50, 19 pts (17.8%) node positive, 20 pts (18.7%) with LVSI, 3 pts (2.8%) with tumors &amp;gt; 3 cm, and 2 pts (1.9%) with multifocal disease. 17 pts (15.9%) had multiple unsuitable features. In addition, 53 pts (49.5%) possessed “cautionary” features, including 19 pts (17.8%) ER negative and 10 pts (9.3%) with pure DCIS. The median age at diagnosis was 47 (range 25 – 84). All patients received 32 – 34 Gy in 8 - 10 bid fractions using multicatheter (93.5%) or Mammosite balloon (6.5%) HDR brachytherapy.Results: With a median follow-up of 60 months (range 1.1 - 97.8 months), there were 8 loco-regional recurrences (3 local only, 2 regional and 3 loco-regional and distant). Four of 5 patients without distant disease were successfully salvaged and had no evidence of disease at last follow-up. The 6 yr actuarial loco-regional control rate is 91.3% +/- 5.9%, with a latency to recurrence ranging from 10 – 41 months. The 6 yr disease free survival for the entire cohort is 89%, with a cause-specific survival and overall survival of 92.5% and 89%, respectively. There were no loco-regional recurrences observed among those with age &amp;lt; 50 without other unsuitable (LVSI, node +, &amp;gt; 3 cm, multifocality) or cautionary (ER -, EIC, tumor 2 – 3 cm, lobular histology, DCIS, &amp;lt; 2 mm margins) features (n = 31). In comparison, the loco-regional recurrence rate is 12.3% for those deemed unsuitable by virtue of surgical and pathologic factors (p = .064). Loco-regional recurrences were observed in 2/19 node positive pts, 3/20 pts with LVSI, 1/2 pts with multifocal disease, 2/34 with age &amp;lt; 50 alone and cautionary features, and 0/3 pts with tumors &amp;gt; 3 cm.Conclusions: Currently, uncertainty exists regarding patient selection for APBI. Based upon the observed local recurrence rates in the current analysis and the well-established benefits of whole breast radiotherapy, we continue to encourage clinical trial participation among this cohort of patients, specifically RTOG 0412/NSABP B-39. Although not statistically significant, the absence of local failures among women &amp;lt; 50 yrs without adverse histopathologic features suggests they may be appropriate candidates for APBI. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 955.
Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: is screening necessary?
Authors: C. Blyth, C. Lane
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) are used as second line agents for their disease modifying effect in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The association between chloroquine therapy and pigmentary maculopathy has been known since 1959.1 The manufacturer's datasheet suggests that all patients receiving hydroxychloroquine should undergo an ophthalmic examination, including a central visual field test, at least twice a year. If implemented this recommendation would have a noticeable impact on the ophthalmic service. Is it necessary?

The earliest sign of chloroquine retinopathy is a paracentral scotoma. This so called premaculopathy can be detected …
Growing Pains With the Use of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays
Authors: Alan H.B. Wu, Ann F. Bolger, Judd E. Hollander
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

The origin of cardiac markers can be traced back to the mid-1950s with the finding that aspartate aminotransferase was useful in the detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [(1)][1]. Since then, there has been a steady stream of improvements of laboratory tests that aid in the diagnosis of