tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study reveals three susceptibility loci for common migraine in the general population
Authors: Daniel I Chasman, Markus Schürks, Verneri Anttila, Boukje de Vries, Ulf Schminke, Lenore J Launer, Gisela M Terwindt, Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg, Konstanze Fendrich, Henry Völzke, Florian Ernst, Lyn R Griffiths, Julie E Buring, Mikko Kallela, Tobias Freilinger, Christian Kubisch, Paul M Ridker, Aarno Palotie, Michel D Ferrari, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Robert Y L Zee, Tobias Kurth
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Coping with calamity. How well does health care disaster planning work?
Authors: E. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

On August 17,1969, Hurricane Camille, the most destructive North American hurricane since 1937, made landfall on the Gulf Coast. The storm devastated coastal Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama and inland areas in the South. It killed between 250 and 400 people and caused damage estimated at $1 billion, a stunning sum at the time.  The 25th anniversary of that catastrophe is cause enough to ask how much has been learned about disaster planning since; but the United States and its health care system have had several more recent unfortunate opportunities to consider the question. Among these trials have been Hurricane Andrew in south Florida on August 24,1992; Hurricane Iniki on the Hawaiian island of Kauai on September 11,1992; massive flooding in the Midwest in the summer of 1993; and the Northridge earthquake in the San Fernando Valley of southern California on January 17,1994. In each case, health care facilities suffered problems—in
A Directory of Boston Neighborhood Health Centers
Authors: Andrew G. Jessiman, Kathleen R. Crampton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IN August, 1970, the Office of Community Medicine at the Peter Rent Rrigham Hospital compiled a directory of Boston neighborhood health centers to serve as a referral manual for the professional staff of the hospital's Ambulatory Services Department. The response to this initial effort has been such that, one year later, more than 50,000 editions of the Directory have been distributed throughout the city, and more continue to be requested. This paper reviews the underlying process by which this hospital manual was transformed into a public-service directory and suggests ways in which it has had an impact on the health . . .
The Metabolism of Cholestanol, Cholesterol, and Bile Acids in Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
Authors: Gerald Salen, Scott M. Grundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The metabolism of cholesterol and its 5-dihydro derivative, cholestanol, was investigated by means of sterol balance and isotope kinetic techniques in 3 subjects with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) and 11 other individuals. All subjects were hospitalized on a metabolic ward and were fed diets practically free of cholesterol and cholestanol. After the intravenous administration of [1,2-(3)H]cholestanol, the radioactive sterol was transported and esterified in plasma lipoproteins in an identical manner to cholesterol. In these short-term experiments, the specific activity-time curves of plasma cholestanol conformed to two-pool models in both the CTX and control groups. However, cholestanol plasma concentrations, total body miscible pools, and daily synthesis rates were two to five times greater in the CTX than control individuals. The short-term specific activity decay curves of plasma [4-(14)C]cholesterol also conformed to two-pool models in both groups. However, in the CTX subjects the decay was more rapid, and daily cholesterol synthesis was nearly double that of the control subjects. Plasma concentrations and the sizes of the rapidly turning over pool of exchangeable cholesterol were apparently small in the CTX subjects, and these measurements did not correlate with the large cholesterol deposits found in tendon and tuberous xanthomas. Despite active cholesterol synthesis, bile acid formation was subnormal in the CTX subjects. However, bile acid sequestration was accompanied by a rise in plasma cholestanol levels and greatly augmented fecal cholestanol outputs. In contrast, the administration of clofibrate lowered plasma cholesterol levels 50% and presumably reduced synthesis in the CTX subjects. Plasma cholesterol concentrations and fecal steroid excretion did not change significantly during this therapy. These findings indicate that the excessive tissue deposits of cholesterol and cholestanol that characterize CTX were associated with hyperactive neutral sterol synthesis. The demonstration of subnormal bile acid formation suggests that defective bile acid synthesis may predispose to the neutral sterol abnormalities.
Glove Tears and Sharp Injuries in Surgical Personnel-Reply
Authors: James G. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Beck has raised an important issue that many gloves have small holes prior to being used. The majority of glove perforations in our study were not small holes, but were large tears visible with the naked eye noted by the surgical staff at the conclusion of the procedure. As Beck suggests, a thimble or other form of protection on the palmar side of the distal phalanx of the nondominant hand might prevent many sharp injuries. However, only 25% to 50%1,2 of sharp injuries occur at this site and thus other strategies for prevention will be required.
TIMP-3 recruits quiescent hematopoietic stem cells into active cell cycle and expands multipotent progenitor pool
Authors: Hideaki Nakajima, Miyuki Ito, David S. Smookler, Fumi Shibata, Yumi Fukuchi, Yoshihiro Morikawa, Yuichi Ikeda, Fumio Arai, Toshio Suda, Rama Khokha, Toshio Kitamura
Journal: Blood (2010)
643 IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF HCC SCREENING IS MAINLY DUE TO THE INTRODUCTION OF RFA AS THE FIRST LINE CURATIVE TREATMENT
Authors: G. Nkontchou, A. Mounir, Q. Cao, N. Ganne-Carrié, V. Grando, D. Roulot, J.C. Trinchet, E. Vicaut, O. Seror, M. Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
PIGPEN therapy for head lice
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Background A review of the evidence suggests that chemical treatment is superior to combing in the treatment of head lice ( BMJ 2003;326: 1256-8). But there's combing and combing.

Participants and methods Two hundred urchins were recruited from a school playground and randomised using a culturally congruent method (“Oi, you lot—number off”). Exclusion criteria included congenital alopecia (n=1), dreadlocks (n=4), and having a parent who showed enthusiasm for rubbing organophosphates …
Increase in autism is due to changes in diagnosis, study claims
Authors: Vittal Katikireddi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In eight dogs, chronic recording electrodes were implanted over the sinoatrial node, bundle of His and right bundle branch. Pacing electrodes were implanted on the right atrium and ventricle. One to four weeks after this surgery, the effects of bretylium tosylate (10 mg/kg i.v.) on electrophysiologic properties of the heart were assessed in the awake animals. Bretylium produced an average decrease of sinus rate of 24% (132-100/min). When atrial rate was controlled by pacing, conduction time across the atrioventricular node was prolonged by 30% (97-126 msec). Conduction velocity in the right bundle branch was not altered by bretylium and total ventricular activation time was prolonged by only 3% (72-74 msec). The effective refractory periods of atrial and ventricular muscle were prolonged by 9% (163-178 msec) and 12% (156-175 msec), respectively. Bretylium had no effect on the excitability threshold of atrial or ventricular muscle. Surgical denervation of the heart failed to abolish the electrophysiologic effects of bretylium. Bretylium reduced the ventricular rate in six dogs with chronic atrioventricular block. These data indicate that the electrophysiologic effects of bretylium differ significantly from those of quinidine or lidocaine. These data also indicate that bretylium has important actions on the heart which are not dependent upon cardiac innervation or intact myocardial stores of catecholamines.
Ineffectiveness of Nitroglycerin as an Antiadrenergic Agent on the Cat Heart
Authors: NICHOLAS R. POPOVICH, FRED F. ROBERTS, RODNEY L. CRISLIP, HERMANN MENGES, RICHARD W. ECKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The possibility that nitroglyoerin modifies the metabolic effects of the sympathomimetic amines was tested in cats. Changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, height of the electrocardiographic T-wave and myocardial oxygen consumption following the injection of epinephrine or l-arterenol were compared with changes in these indices after nitroglycerin was given with these sympathomimetic amines. The conclusion is reached that nitroglycerin does not significantly influence the effects of epinephrine or l-arterenol on the heart rate, the height of the electrocardiographic T-wave or myocardial oxygen consumption. There is no evidence in these experiments to support the concept that nitroglycerin metabolically neutralizes the myocardial anoxating properties of the sympathomimetic amines.
Current Approaches to Tuberculosis in the United States
Authors: Fred M. Gordin, Henry Masur
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Tuberculosis is a major threat to global health, infecting a third of the world's population. In the United States, however, control of tuberculosis has been increasingly successful. Only 3.2% of the US population is estimated to have latent tuberculosis and there are only 11,000 cases annually of active disease. More than half the cases in this country occur in individuals born outside the United States. Human immunodeficiency virus coinfection is not a major factor in the United States, since only approximately 10% of cases are coinfected. Drug resistance is also uncommon in this country. Because the United States has more resources for the diagnosis, therapy, and public health control of tuberculosis than many regions of the world, and because many hospitals have more cases of clinically significant nontuberculous mycobacteria than tuberculosis, the management approaches to tuberculosis need to be quite different in this country than in other regions. The resurgence in interest in developing new tools and the investment in public health infrastructure will hopefully be sustained in the United States so that the effect of tuberculosis on the US population will continue to diminish, and these new tools and approaches can be adapted to both high and low prevalence areas to meet the global challenge.
New diagnostic evidence on the T wave map indicating involved coronary artery in patients with angina pectoris.
Authors: T Ishikawa, S Watabe, Y Yamada, K Miyachi, Y Sakai, A Ito, I Sotobata
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To define the clinical significance of T wave map changes in patients with angina at rest, body surface isopotential T distributions were obtained in 48 patients with single-vessel disease (left anterior descending artery, 34; right coronary artery, eight; left circumflex artery, six) documented angiographically and were compared with those in 120 healthy subjects and those in 19 patients with left ventricular overload whose electrocardiograms showed negative T waves accompanied by an increase in R wave amplitude in left precordial leads. The T wave map abnormalities were observed in 24 of 48 patients (50%) with angina and were classified into three types: (1) type I (18 patients, 37.5%) was characterized by a segmental negative potential in the positive area located at the left thorax and the minimum at the peak of T wave positioned in the upper portion of the left anterior chest, (2) type II (three patients, 6.3%) was characterized by a negative potential with a minimum in the inferior thorax and an indentation of negative potential at the lower margin of the positive potential located over the upper thorax, and (3) type III (three patients, 6.3%) was characterized by a negative potential with a minimum at the back throughout the period of T wave. All patients showing T wave map abnormalities of type I had a significant stenosis of the left anterior descending artery. Likewise, all patients with type II or III had single-vessel disease of the right coronary or left circumflex artery, respectively. All types of T wave map changes observed in patients with angina were different from those in patients with left ventricular overload, whose maps showed the generalized negative potential at the inferior thorax and the left back and the minima clustered at the precordium. In seven patients with lesions of the left anterior descending artery, T wave map abnormalities of type I recovered to normal after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The behavior of the negative potential and its extrema on the T wave map, which was not available from routine electrocardiography, was indicative of the involved coronary artery and probably of its associated ischemic area in one-half of our patients with angina pectoris.
Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in association with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection and natural killer (NK) leukaemia/lymphoma with expansion of NK cells expressing a low level of CD56
Authors: A. Adachi, T. Horikawa, M. Kunisada, K. Hayashi, K. Ohshima, H. Matsuoka, Y. Tokura
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in association with chronic Epstein–Barr virus infection and natural killer (NK) leukaemia/lymphoma with expansion of NK cells expressing a low level of CD56 Get access A. Adachi, A. Adachi Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Hospital, 770‐1 Awazu, Kakogawa‐cho, Kakogawa 675‐8555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Horikawa, T. Horikawa Department of Dermatology, Kobe University and Graduate School of Medicine, 7‐5‐1 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku, Kobe 670‐0017, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Kunisada, M. Kunisada Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Hospital, 770‐1 Awazu, Kakogawa‐cho, Kakogawa 675‐8555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Hayashi, K. Hayashi Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Hospital, 770‐1 Awazu, Kakogawa‐cho, Kakogawa 675‐8555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Ohshima, K. Ohshima Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7‐45‐1 Nakamura, Jonan‐ku, Fukuoka 814‐0180, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Matsuoka, H. Matsuoka Department of Medical Zoology, Jichi Medical School, Minami‐kawachi, Tochigi 329‐0498, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Tokura Y. Tokura Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1‐20‐1 Handa‐yama, Hamamatsu 431‐3192, Japan E‐mail: faadachi@dd.iij4u.or.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 5, 1 November 2002, Pages 1036–1037, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.504713.x Published: 01 November 2002
Screening men for aortic aneurysm
Authors: R. M Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 1135

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a potentially lethal condition, much more common in older men, and, sadly, often first recognised only after rupture and death. Some 75% of patients die before arriving at hospital, and of the survivors, half make it to the operating theatre.1 The operative mortality for ruptured aneurysm remains about 40% at 30 days,2 compared with a mortality of 5-6% for elective surgery.3 Surely early ultrasound detection should be worth while. We now have the previously missing data to justify a national screening programme.

The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study Group reports the outcomes of aneurysm related mortality with health related quality of life and cost effectiveness. 4 5 The authors conclude that a single ultrasound scan in men aged 65 reduces aneurysm related deaths at acceptable cost. They put screening to the test in a population based randomised controlled trial of 70 000 men at four centres in the south of England, an area of relative social privilege. Randomisation was from general practitioners' lists—men in the …
Sulfotransferase-mediated chlorination of 1-hydroxymethylpyrene to a mutagen capable of penetrating indicator cells.
Authors: H Glatt, R Henschler, D H Phillips, J W Blake, P Steinberg, A Seidel, F Oesch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common in the human environment. Many of them are stronger carcinogens than their purely aromatic congeners. They may be metabolized to benzylic alcohols. We report here on biochemical and toxicological characteristics of 1-hydroxymethylpyrene (HMP), a typical representative of this class of compounds. Rat liver cytosol, fortified with 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, converted HMP into its sulfate ester (HMPS), HMPS bound covalently to isolated DNA. In physiological buffer at 37 degrees C, HMPS had a half-life of 2 min, the major decomposition product being HMP. Thus, cyclic activation is possible. When Cl- anions were present at physiological concentrations, an additional reaction product of HMPS, 1-chloromethylpyrene (ClMP), could be identified on the basis of its chromatographic properties and its mass spectrum, using the authentic standard for comparison. ClMP was shorter-lived in buffer than HMPS. ClMP reacted with DNA, the adduct pattern in the 32P-postlabeling analysis being similar, or identical, to that of HMPS. ClMP proved to be a very potent mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium, whereas HMPS, and HMP in the presence of a sulfate-conjugating system, showed strong mutagenicity only when Cl- or Br- ions were present in the exposure buffer. It is concluded that HMPS is capable of reacting with DNA, but is hampered in its distribution by membrane barriers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
T cell subsets, epitope mapping, and HLA-restriction in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Authors: B Chauhan, A p Knutsen, P S Hutcheson, R G Slavin, C J Bellone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity lung disease characterized by Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) colonization, IgE and IgG anti-Af antibodies, pulmonary infiltrates, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Little is known regarding T cell responses and their role in the pathogenesis of ABPA. To examine T cell reactivity to Af antigens, T cell clones (TCC) specific to the Asp f 1 antigen, an 18-kD protein of Af, were established from the peripheral blood of three ABPA patients. The majority of TCC isolated from ABPA patients, and specific for the Asp f 1 allergen of Af, are IL-4 producing CD4+ cells of the Th2 phenotype. Further analysis in this study revealed that the majority of TCC reacted to mainly two epitopes of Asp f 1, while the remaining TCC reacted to three additional "minor" epitopes. Blocking studies using monoclonal antibodies specific for class II HLA-D region gene products showed that most TCC, 19/21, were restricted by HLA-DR molecules, and the remaining two clones by HLA-DP molecules. The use of a panel of HLA-matched and mismatched EBV-transformed B cells as antigen presenting cells revealed that the HLA-DR restriction was mediated exclusively by either the HLA-DR2 or HLA-DR5 alleles. Genotyping of DRB1 gene products showed that class II presentation for most clones was not restricted to a single allele, representing DRB1 gene products of either HLA-DR2 or DR5. These studies offer insight into the cellular and molecular determinants which contribute to the immunopathophysiology of ABPA.
Book Review Diagnostic Pathology of Infectious Diseases By Gail L. Woods and Yezid Guitierrez, with David H. Walker, David T. Purtilo, and John D. Shanley. 656 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1993. $95. 0-8121-1604-6
Authors: Jonathan W. Said
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
220 PROGNOSTIC BENEFIT OF THE ADDITION OF AN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC (EEG) INDEX TO THE MELD SCORE: THE MELD-EEG
Authors: S. Montagnese, M. De Rui, S. Schiff, G. Spinelli, F. Campagna, P. Angeli, U. Cillo, G. Zanus, A. Gatta, P. Amodio, C. Merkel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
How Often Should We Screen for Cervical Cancer?
Authors: Sarah Feldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Over the past 60 years, the mortality from cervical cancer — once one of the most common and lethal cancers in women in the United States — has decreased dramatically. Much of the reduction has been due to the widespread use of the Papanicolaou test, which has enabled clinicians to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia before it progresses to cervical cancer and to detect cervical cancer at an early stage. When cervical cancer is detected early, the five-year survival rate is more than 90 percent.1 The Papanicolaou test is now the most widely used cancer-screening tool in the United States by . . .
JAK2 and genomic instability in the myeloproliferative neoplasms: A case of the chicken or the egg?
Authors: Linda M. Scott, Vivienne I. Rebel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a particularly useful model for studying mutation accumulation in neoplastic cells, and the mechanisms underlying their acquisition. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular defects present in patients with an MPN, and the effects of mutations targeting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)‐mediated intracellular signaling on DNA damage and on the elimination of mutation‐bearing cells by programmed cell death. Moreover, we discuss findings that suggest that the acquisition of disease‐initiating mutations in hematopoietic stem cells of some MPN patients may be the consequence of an inherent genomic instability that was not previously appreciated. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On Losing One's Parents
Authors: Ken Flegel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

On Being a Doctor15 August 1993On Losing One's ParentsKen FlegelKen FlegelRoyal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail My parents are both dead. The fact is neither remarkable nor unique. However, they died within 45 days of one another last winteruncommon enough to bring me and my family up hard against reality. On the northern tip of Vancouver Island I woke in the dark the morning after the second funeral, my body on Eastern time, my spirit numb. I made my way back to the village cemetery to say my own private farewell. Douglas firs were silhouetted against the first light of dawn. Colorful funeral flowers had frozen into whited everlastings. I wept into the hoar frost on ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ken FlegelAffiliations: Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1.Corresponding Author: Ken Flegel, MD, Royal Victoria Hospital, Room A4.21, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 336KeywordsChildrenEpilepsyHearingMemoryMortalityRivers ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...