tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aggravation of postcardioversion atrial dysfunction by sotalol
Authors: Arthur Pollak, Rodney H. Falk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study determined the effect of sotalol on atrial function after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. After electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation, the Doppler mitral A wave is often diminished, representing impaired atrial contractile function. Sotalol is an effective atrial antiarrhythmic drug with class III and beta-adrenergic blocking properties. Although the negative inotropic effect of sotalol on the ventricle is minimal in patients with normal ventricular function, it may manifest negative inotropy when ventricular function is impaired. We postulated that after cardioversion, when intrinsic atrial function is impaired, sotalol may have an adverse effect on the atrium. Thirty-seven patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind study of sotalol for maintenance of sinus rhythm were studied by quantitative Doppler echocardiography within 24 h of electrical cardioversion and, for those still in sinus rhythm, again at 1 month. Doppler variables (E and A wave velocities and integrals) in patients receiving sotalol were compared with those in patients receiving placebo. After electrical cardioversion, peak A wave velocity and A wave time-velocity integral in the 20 patients receiving placebo were reduced compared with normal values. In the 17 patients receiving sotalol (median dose 320 mg twice daily) these variables were further reduced (mean [±SD] peak A wave velocity 19.4 ± 5.5 vs. 38.4 ± 14.7 cm/s, p < 0.001 and mean A wave time-velocity integral 1.7 ± 0.6 vs. 3.4 ± 1.4 cm, p < 0.001, in sotalol- vs. placebo-treated patients, respectively). Early diastolic filling (E wave variables) did not differ between sotalol- and placebo-treated groups. At 1 month, five sotalol- and six placebo-treated patients remained in sinus rhythm, and A wave variables had increased for the whole group, with a greater increase in sotalol-treated patients. After electrical cardioversion, when atrial stunning is prominent, sotalol has a negative atrial inotropic effect. This effect may be temporary, as suggested by resolution at 1 month. Negative inotropic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on the atrium should be considered in assessing Doppler variables of left ventricular filling.
Body weight: implications for the prevention of coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus in a cohort study of middle aged men
Authors: A G. Shaper, S G. Wannamethee, M. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b>To determine the body mass index associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality. <b>Design:</b>Prospective study of a male cohort. <b>Setting:</b>One general practice in each of 24 British towns. <b>Subjects:</b>7735 men aged 40-59 years at screening. <b>Main outcome measures:</b>All cause death rate, heart attacks, and stroke (fatal and non-fatal) and development of diabetes, or any of these outcomes (combined end point) over an average follow up of 14.8 years. <b>Results:</b>There were 1271 deaths from all causes, 974 heart attacks, 290 strokes, and 245 new cases of diabetes mellitus. All cause mortality was increased only in men with a body mass index (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) &lt;20 and in men with an index ≥30. However, risk of cardiovascular death, heart attack, and diabetes increased progressively from an index of &lt;20 even after age, smoking, social class, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were adjusted for. For the combined end point the lowest risks were seen for an index of 20.0-23.9. In never smokers and former smokers, deaths from any cause rose progressively from an index of 20.0-21.9 and for the combined end point, from 20.0-23.9. Age adjusted levels of a wide range of cardiovascular risk factors rose or fell progressively from an index &lt;20. <b>Conclusion:</b>A healthy body mass index in these middle aged British men seems to be about 22. <h3>Key messages</h3> The body mass index associated with the lowest mortality and the lowest incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus is not known In this study of middle aged men the risk of cardiovascular mortality, heart attack, and diabetes increased progressively from a body mass index &lt;20 For a combined end point (heart attack, stroke, diabetes, or death from any cause) the lowest risk was in the range 20-24 Levels of a wide range of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively from an index of &lt;20 A healthy body mass index in middle aged men seems to be around 22
A subpopulation of Langerhans cells (CD1a+Lag- ) increased in the dermis of plaque lesions of mycosis fungoides
Authors: Mayumi Fujita, Yuji Horiguchi, Yoshiki Miyachi, Fukumi Furukawa, Mari Kashihara-Sawami, Sadao Imamura
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)
Cigarette smoking reduces human gastric luminal prostaglandin E2.
Authors: D R McCready, L Clark, M M Cohen
Journal: Gut (1985)

The effect of smoking three cigarettes on the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by the gastric mucosa was studied in seven healthy smokers. Smoking caused the expected increases in pulse rate, blood pressure, plasma glucose, and carboxyhaemoglobin. In addition, smoking resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in the volume of pentagastrin stimulated gastric juice from 76.1 +/- 4.4 to 54.1 +/- 4.6 ml/15 min and PGE2 output from 22.8 +/- 4.9 to 12.2 +/- 3.8 ng/15 min but did not alter acid output. It is concluded that smoking reduces the amount of PGE2 in the gastric lumen and that this may explain why it is a risk factor for peptic ulcer.
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure and Shunting across Foramen Ovale
Authors: Bibiana Cujec
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 April 1994Positive End-Expiratory Pressure and Shunting across Foramen OvaleBibiana Cujec, MD, David H. Johnson, MD, and Irvin Mayers, MDBibiana Cujec, MDUniversity of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 57N OXOSearch for more papers by this author, David H. Johnson, MDUniversity of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 57N OXOSearch for more papers by this author, and Irvin Mayers, MDUniversity of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 57N OXOSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-7-199404010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree that blinding echocardiographers to the level of positive PEEP during the saline contrast studies used to diagnose patent foramen ovale would have been optimal. However, some second-generation ventilators had a distinctive sound on expiration after addition of PEEP, which precluded the ability to blind them. However, right-to-left intracardiac shunting was present both with and without PEEP in six of the seven patients in whom patent foramen ovale was diagnosed. One patient had a right-to-left shunt only on one setting of PEEP. So bias is unlikely. Diagnostic bias was minimized by using predetermined criteria for diagnosis of ...References1. Stollberger C, Schneider B, Abzieher F, Wollner T, Meinertz T, Slany J. Diagnosis of patent foramen ovale by transesophageal contrast echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1993; 71:604-6. Google Scholar2. Suter PM, Fairley HB, Isenberg MD. Optimum end-expiratory airway pressure in patients with acute pulmonary failure. N Engl J Med. 1975; 292:284-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 57N OXO PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 7Page: 620KeywordsArterial partial pressure of oxygenEchocardiographyHypoxiaOxygenPatient advocacyPositive end expiratory pressureRespiratory failureStandard deviationStatistical dataVentilators Issue Published: 1 April 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
LEAD AND THE SKIN
Authors: B.R. Allen, M.R. Moore, J.A.A. Hunter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article LEAD AND THE SKIN Get access B.R. Allen, B.R. Allen The General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.R. Moore, M.R. Moore Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A.A. Hunter J.A.A. Hunter The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 6, 1 June 1975, Pages 715–719, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03156.x Published: 01 June 1975
Clinical correlates among 49 families with hemophilia A and factor VIII gene inversions
Authors: Ann F. Weinmann, Jon M. Schoof, Arthur R. Thompson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Inversions between a gene A copy within intron 22 of the factor VIII gene and additional copies outside the factor VIII gene were found in 49 families with hemophilia A. Inversion patterns were that of recombination with a distal gene A copy in 34, a proximal copy in 14, and a third (variant) copy in one. Baseline factor VIII clotting activity levels were <1% of normal in 43 and 1% in 6. No inversion was detected in 61 other families whose affected members had ≤1% activity levels nor in 42 families with moderately severe hemophilia A and 2–5% baseline levels. Both high titer and low level alloantibody inhibitors were found in patients with or without an inversion. Of 13 high titer inhibitors, 8 were persistent and 1 of these patients had an inversion. Of 5 that responded to daily factor VIII infusions, 4 were in patients with gene inversions. Of the 49 families with an inversion, the occurrence of hemophilia was isolated in 30 and the mother was a carrier in the 25 in which additional family members were informative. In three of these families with isolated occurrence, the maternal grandmother was a carrier whereas in three others a de novo mutation occurred in the maternal grandfather's factor VIII gene. Screening for gene inversions in patients with severe (or "borderline" severe) hemophilia A provides a direct marker of the mutation in 45% of families. It is useful even if there is no living affected member and in predicting the likely severity of an infant in which there are no reliable baseline clotting activities, including 70% of families with isolated occurrences of hemophilia A. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 3123: Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Suppresses Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling through a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Akt and mTOR-Dependant Mechanism
Authors: Reema S. Wahdan-Alaswad, Kyung Song, Tracy L. Krebs, David Danielpour
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) function as critical regulators of prostate tumor cell growth. BMPs have recently been shown to be pivotal in controlling prostate tumorigenesis, and loss of BMP receptor function has been correlated to a higher Gleason grade in prostate cancer patients. The mechanism of such loss of BMP function in prostate cancer is unclear, and is likely to occur through multiple mechanisms. One likely candidate we are investigating is the tumor suppressor PTEN, which is lost up to 50% of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Loss of PTEN leads to enhanced activation of PI3K, Akt signaling and suppression of apoptosis. We provide the first evidence that IGF-I intercepts BMP4-induced apoptosis in prostate epithelial cell lines, as shown by changes in cell number, Hoechst 33342 staining, cell viability and flow cytometry. We show that IGF-I suppresses BMP4-induced activation of Smads 1, 5 and/or 8, and that such suppression is reversed by chemical inhibitors of PI3K, Akt or mTOR, or by wild-type PTEN or a dominant-negative PI3K expression construct efficiently delivered to cells by transduction adenoviral. We further show that IGF-I represses BMP4-induced transcriptional activation of the BMP targets, Id-1, Id-2, and Id-3. These results suggest that IGF-I signaling via a PI3K, Akt and mTOR-dependent mechanism inhibits transcriptional activity and apoptosis by BMP4 through suppressing the activation of Smads 1, 5 and/or 8 in prostate epithelial cells. All in all, our findings have important implications in the therapeutic intervention of prostate cancer by restoring BMP-mediated tumor suppressive capabilities by blocking IGF-I signaling pathway's oncogenic activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3123.
Increased incidence of surgical reexploration for postoperative bleeding due to early postoperative use of unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin
Authors: Heath U. Jones, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Kent W. Jones, Dale G. Renlund, Tami L. Bair, Benjamin D. Home, Donald L. Lappe, Donald B. Doty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Clinical significance of two forms of IgM antibody to hepatitis delta virus
Authors: Rosendo Jardi, Maria Buti, Francisco Rodriguez-Frias, Ana Garcia-Lafuente, Maria H. Sjogren, Rafael Esteban, Jaime Guardia
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Separation of 7-8 S and 19 S forms of serum IgM antibodies to the hepatitis delta virus by rate-zonal centrifugation was carried out on serum from 24 patients with hepatitis delta virus infection: 4 patients with acute, self-limited hepatitis; 5 patients with hepatitis delta virus superinfection progressing to chronicity; and 15 patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus. The high molecular weight IgM form (19 S) was predominantly detected in acute hepatitis delta virus cases, whereas the low molecular weight (7 S) form was found in chronic hepatitis delta virus cases. The serological profile of these two forms of IgM antibody to hepatitis delta virus was investigated in serial samples from five patients with acute hepatitis delta virus superinfection that evolved to chronic hepatitis delta virus. We found that, in the acute stage of the disease, the 19 S form was predominant, whereas 6 mo later a predominance of 7-8 S IgM was observed. These results suggest that IgM antibody to hepatitis delta virus antibody forms are different in acute and chronic hepatitis delta virus infection and that their detection only helps in differentiating an acute infection from a chronic infection but not a hepatitis delta virus-hepatitis B virus-HBV coinfection from hepatitis delta virus superinfection in the acute stage of the disease.
Osteogenic sarcoma. Immunologic parameters before and during immunotherapy with tumor-specific transfer factor.
Authors: A S Levin, V S Byers, H H Fudenberg, J Wybran, A J Hackett, J O Johnston, L E Spitler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

18 patients with osteogenic sarcoma were followed by serial measurements in vitro of tumor-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity and of "active" and total rosette-forming T-cells. 13 of these patients have had or are currently receiving injections of osteogenic sarcoma-specific dialyzable transfer factor derived from healthy donors. In three patients with very small lesions, cytotoxicity was high before amputation and decreased within 2 mo after removal of tumor. Cytotoxicity was low at time of diagnosis in all patients with large tumor masses. The cytotoxicity of the patients' lymphocytes increased after administration of tumor-specific transfer factor in all patients so treated. Patients receiving nonspecific transfer factor showed evidence of declining cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Tumor-specific transfer factor may produce an increase in cell-mediated cytotoxicity to the tumor in patients with osteogenic sarcoma. This possibility is suggested by the pain and edema that occurred in the area of the tumor in patients who had metastatic disease when therapy was started and by lymphocytic infiltrates in the tumor, as well as by the increase in cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the increase in percentage of active rosette-forming cells from subnormal to normal. Serial measurements of cell-mediated cytotoxicity are helpful in monitoring the efficacy of transfer factor and other modes of therapy in these patients, and these measurements are the best available criteria for selection of donors of tumor-specific transfer factor.
Mental health of prisoners is public health problem, says former chief inspector
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government must recognise that prisoners’ mental health is a public health problem, says the former chief prisons adviser, David Ramsbotham.

He was speaking at the launch of a report from Policy Exchange, a policy institute that is committed to limited government and an enterprise culture, which calls for more to be done to improve the mental health care of prisoners.

Investment in mental health care is too low and varies widely and arbitrarily throughout England and Wales, says the report, Out of Sight, Out of Mind , by Charlie Brooker, professor of criminal justice and health at the University of Lincoln, and Gavin Lockhart, head of the crime and justice unit at Policy Exchange.

Integration between in-reach teams is variable and results in poor coordination …
Abstract 3653: Cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) expression for bladder cancer diagnostics
Authors: Lisa P. Huang, Martin Adelson, Eli Mordechai, Jason Trama
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States. In 2011, the National Cancer Institute estimates approximately 70,000 cases of bladder cancer will be diagnosed; of those, more than 15,000 are expected to die. According to the American Cancer Society, the five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with bladder cancer is 98% (at stage 0), 88% (at stage I), 63% (at stage II), 46% (at stage III), and 15% (at stage IV). These statistics highlight the fact that early detection of bladder cancer is critical for improving prognosis and long-term survival. Numerous markers have been tested for bladder cancer detection and surveillance. These markers include complement factor H (BTA-Stat/TRAK), nuclear matrix proteins (NMP22), mucin-like antigens, hyaluronic acid, hyaluronidase, survivin, soluble Fas, telomerase and detection of chromosomal aneuploidy and deletion using fluorescence in situ hybridization (UroVysion®). However, none of them are accepted as a routine tool for bladder cancer diagnostics and surveillance. There exists a continuing need for an assay that detects the presence of bladder cancer in humans. It would be advantageous to develop an assay with a protein that is associated with the development of bladder cancer. We sought to identify cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) as a novel bladder cancer biomarker. In this study, Western blot and ELISA were used to access the level of CIP2A protein and other known bladder cancer protein biomarkers (i.e., survivin) in bladder cancer cell lines, bladder cancer patient tissues, and bladder cancer patient urines. Our studies indicate CIP2A protein was abundantly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines and it was not expressed in non-tumor epithelial cell lines. CIP2A protein was specifically expressed in bladder tumor tissue at different cancer stages, and not in adjacent non-tumor bladder tissue. Our data showed that CIP2A protein detection in bladder cancer tissues had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100%. Our study also suggests there was no detectable level of CIP2A protein in bladder cancer patient urine, in contrast to that of other bladder cancer biomarkers such as survivin. In conclusion, our studies suggest that CIP2A protein is specifically expressed in human bladder cancer tissue and not in adjacent tissue. It will be important to extend this finding and to develop non-invasive assays for early detection or for surveillance of bladder cancer in humans. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3653. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3653
Human genome moves closer to reality
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The publication last week by Nature of the latest genome “directory” has focused attention on the international quest to map and sequence the human genome. Subtitled “An atlas of ourselves,” the 379 page supplement includes a physical map of three quarters of the human genome, a much more detailed map of chromosome 16, and a paper containing many thousands of short stretches of DNA called “expressed sequence tags,” which are used to identify genes.

Although this state of the art publication is some way from the human genome project's goals—to compile a complete physical map and a genetic map and finally to sequence the entire genome—it comes only weeks after the publication in Science (269: 496-512) of another genetic milestone—the sequence of Haemophilus influenzae, the first complete sequence of a free living organism. Both underline just how fast molecular genetics is moving.

The information from this primary scientific research has already had a major impact on genetics research, and, as two recent reports to the NHS Central Research and Development Committee (the report of the Genetics Research …
The Radical Cure of Hernia
Authors: J. Fayrer
Journal: BMJ (1868)

_ HE BA!FISH MDICAL O NAL. - the morbily vascul pa*-Cdiio app tly the most trivial ad acdental; ad yet it returns, ith unernog certaint e u r the like conditions, as our guide to diagnosis.The multiplied generations of the vaccne vesicle from one lympb, maintaining to this day, in all respects, the charteristics of that which first arose under the hand of its immortal discverer, is one of the strongest evidences that I could adduce of such
Between Prophylaxis and Child Abuse: The Ethics of Neonatal Male Circumcision
Authors: Michael Benatar, David Benatar
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

Abstract Opinion about neonatal male circumcision is deeply divided. Some take it to be a prophylactic measure with unequivocal and significant health benefits, while others consider it a form of child abuse. We argue against both these polar views. In doing so, we discuss whether circumcision constitutes bodily mutilation, whether the absence of the child's informed consent makes it wrong, the nature and strength of the evidence regarding medical harms and benefits, and what moral weight cultural considerations have. We conclude that nontherapeutic circumcision of infant boys is a suitable matter for parental discretion. Keywords: CIRCUMCISIONCHILD ABUSEMUTILATIONCULTUREINFORMED CONSENT
Improved Detection of Early Iron Deficiency-Reply
Authors: S. McClure, E. Custer, J. D. Bessman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Becker describes the difficulty involved in using transferrin saturation to assess bodystores. We agree that interpretation may be difficult in patients with the anemia of chronic disease, although our experience has been closer to Wintrobe's<sup>1</sup>than Christensen's.<sup>2</sup>However, in our study there were no anemic patients, so this difficulty is unlikely to be a factor. In contrast, the ferritin assay often is falsely elevated in acute inflammation,<sup>3</sup>a common problem in our subjects. Therefore, we chose the transferrin saturation as less likely to have artifacts in our study. None of our subjects had bone marrow examination, which, despite its own technical difficulties, is the gold standard for iron assay. However, of the 37 patients in the last year without Prussian bluestainable marrow iron, 35 had elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Certainly the bone marrow examination will reveal the earliest phase of