tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood Antecedents of Adult Obesity
Authors: Evan Charney, Helen Chamblee Goodman, Margaret McBride, Barbro Lyon, Rosalie Pratt, Burtis Breese, Frank Disney, Kurt Marx
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We investigated whether obese infants tend to become obese adults. Records of subjects born between 1945 and 1955 were reviewed to select three cohorts based on weight in the first six months of age, which exceeded the 90th percentile at least once, ranged between 25th and 75th percentiles or was below 10th percentile at least once. Three hundred and sixty-six subjects, now between 20 and 30 years of age, were located and their present height and weight determined. Thirty-six per cent of those exceeding the 90th percentile as infants were overweight adults, as compared to 14 per cent of the average and light-weight infants. A significant increase (chi square = 17.2, P<0.001) in adult obesity was evident when the infant exceeded the 75th percentile that was independent of his height. Social class, educational level, and parental weight all correlated with adult weight (P<0.001). Sex and ordinal position of birth did not. The data suggest that infant weight correlates strongly with adult weight independently of other factors considered. (N Engl J Med 295:6–9, 1976)
Prolonged subcutaneous administration of 852A, a novel systemic toll‐like receptor 7 agonist, to activate innate immune responses in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies
Authors: Brenda J. Weigel, Sarah Cooley, Todd DeFor, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Angela Panoskaltsis‐Mortari, Wei Chen, Bruce R. Blazar, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

The toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist 852A, a small-molecule imidazoquinoline, stimulates plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce multiple cytokines. We conducted a Phase II study of 852A in patients with recurrent hematologic malignancies. The primary objective was assessing the activity of 852A administered subcutaneously twice weekly for 12 weeks. Secondary objectives were assessing the safety of 852A and its ability to activate the immune system with prolonged dosing. Patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies of any age with adequate organ function were eligible. Patients initiated dosing at 0.6 mg/m(2) twice weekly and escalated by 0.2 mg/m(2) after every two doses as tolerated to a target dose of 1.2 mg/m(2) . Patients with responses or stable disease were eligible for additional cycles. Seventeen patients (15 males) entered the study: 6 with AML, 5 ALL, 4 NHL, 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 1 multiple myeloma. The mean age was 41 years (12-71 years). The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 5 (range = 1-14). Thirteen patients completed all 24 injections. Grade 3-4 toxicities included nausea, dyspnea, fever, myalgia, malaise, and cough. Responses included one complete response (ALL), one partial response (AML), two stable disease (AML and NHL), and 9 progressive disease. This is the first in-human hematologic malignancy trial of a subcutaneously (SC) delivered TLR7 agonist using a prolonged dosing schedule. 852A was safely administered up to 1.2 mg/m(2) twice weekly with evidence of sustained tolerability and clinical activity in hematologic malignancies. Systemic TLR agonists for the treatment of hematologic malignancies warrant further study.
BMA calls for medical manpower to be funded adequately The NHS network must be secure BMA agrees to pilot helpline
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# BMA calls for medical manpower to be funded adequately {#article-title-2}

The successful implementation of the proposals in the Calman report on specialist medical training depends on adequate consultant expansion—estimated at about 7.5% a year over the next five years. But, although the government is committed to creating a consultant based service, the expansion has averaged about 2.7% a year since 1986. Furthermore, it is now up to individual trust hospitals to decide how many consultants to appoint and many are experiencing financial difficulties and resorting to offering subconsultant posts.

Unlike many other European Union countries, Britain has a limit on the number of students who can enter medical school, with the result that there is a lower proportion of fully trained specialists and general practitioner principals compared with other developed countries. There are already shortages in many specialties, with junior posts in parts of Britain being filled by graduates from other European countries. Many purchasers do not see more consultant posts as a priority. The reduction in contracted hours for junior doctors means that more doctors …
Stress hematopoiesis reveals abnormal control of self-renewal, lineage bias, and myeloid differentiation in Mll partial tandem duplication (Mll-PTD) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Yue Zhang, Xiaomei Yan, Goro Sashida, Xinghui Zhao, Yalan Rao, Susumu Goyama, Susan P. Whitman, Nicholas Zorko, Kelsie Bernot, Rajeana M. Conway, David Witte, Qian-fei Wang, Daniel G. Tenen, Zhijian Xiao, Guido Marcucci, James C. Mulloy, H. Leighton Grimes, Michael A. Caligiuri, Gang Huang
Journal: Blood (2012)
Pretreatment of Exercise‐Induced Asthma in Adults with Aerosols and Pulverized Tablets
Authors: Allan Bundgaard, Finn V. Rasmussen, Lone Madsen
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Eighteen adult asthmatics took part in a double‐blind crossover study comparing the effect on exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) of pretreatment with aerosolized 1) disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), 2) ipratropium bromide (IPTB), 3) fenoterol, 4) DSCG + IPTB and 5) saline. EIA was completely blocked by pretreatment with the β 2 ‐agonist, fenoterol. The protective effect of nebulized DSCG and IPTB given alone could not be distinguished from that of isotonic saline. The combination of DSCG and IPTB reduced the post‐exercise bronchoconstriction more than any of the two drugs given separately. Thirteen of the 18 patients went on to a double‐blind cross‐over study of the effect on EIA of pretreatment with the usually recommended dosages of salbutamol, theophylline and their combination administered as pulverized tablets. Seven patients were withdrawn from this part of the study because of side‐effects, and in the remaining six none of the oral pretreatments could be distinguished from placebo, despite serum theophylline concentrations within or above the commonly recommended therapeutical range.
Endocardial endothelium modulates myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness in aequorin-loaded ferret myocardium.
Authors: J Wang, J P Morgan
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The influence of selective removal of the endocardial endothelium (by a 1-second exposure to the detergent Triton X-100, 0.5%) on myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness and intracellular Ca2+ transients was studied in ferret papillary muscles loaded with the Ca(2+)-regulated bioluminescent indicator aequorin. The removal of endocardial endothelium produced three major effects: 1) a decrease in peak developed tension and an early onset in isometric relaxation without corresponding changes in the intracellular Ca2+ transient; 2) a rightward shift in the peak [Ca2+]i-peak tension relation with no change in maximum Ca(2+)-activated twitch tension; and 3) a decrease in steady-state tetanic force with a slight increase in the steady-state [Ca2+]i (at 4 mM [Ca2+]o) and an unchanged steady-state tetanic force with a clear increase in the steady-state [Ca2+]i (at 10 mM [Ca2+]o). These results suggest that intact endocardium may enhance performance of the heart by increasing the myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness through endothelium-derived compounds such as endothelin. This hypothesis is supported by our observations that endothelin 1) induced a leftward shift in peak [Ca2+]i-peak tension curve and 2) could reverse the characteristic changes produced by the removal of endocardium.
Preclinical and phase I study of oxaliplatin and topotecan in combination in human cancer
Authors: G. Tortora, F. Ciardiello, V. Damiano, M. De Laurentiis, E. Matano, S. Pepe, M. Pensabene, G. Catalano, S. De Placido, A.R. Bianco
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate to a Cardiomyocyte Phenotype in the Adult Murine Heart
Authors: Catalin Toma, Mark F. Pittenger, Kevin S. Cahill, Barry J. Byrne, Paul D. Kessler
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Cellular cardiomyoplasty has been proposed as an alternative strategy for augmenting the function of diseased myocardium. We investigated the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from adult bone marrow to undergo myogenic differentiation once transplanted into the adult murine myocardium. Methods and Results — A small bone marrow aspirate was taken from the iliac crest of healthy human volunteers, and hMSCs were isolated as previously described. The stem cells, labeled with lacZ , were injected into the left ventricle of CB17 SCID/ beige adult mice. At 4 days after injection, none of the engrafted hMSCs expressed myogenic markers. A limited number of cells survived past 1 week and over time morphologically resembled the surrounding host cardiomyocytes. Immunohistochemistry revealed de novo expression of desmin, β-myosin heavy chain, α-actinin, cardiac troponin T, and phospholamban at levels comparable to those of the host cardiomyocytes; sarcomeric organization of the contractile proteins was observed. In comparison, neither cardiac troponin T nor phospholamban was detected in the myotubes formed in vitro by MyoD-transduced hMSCs. Conclusions — The purified hMSCs from adult bone marrow engrafted in the myocardium appeared to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The persistence of the engrafted hMSCs and their in situ differentiation in the heart may represent the basis for using these adult stem cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty.
Between 5 and 9 Years’ Follow-Up in the Treatment of Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Calvo Sagardoy, Fernandez Ashton, Ayuso Mateos, Bayon Perez, Santo-Domingo Carrasco
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

The paper reports on the clinical characteristics, treatment and results of a group of 41 patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. All patients were diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria. Mean age was 18.6 years, within a range from 12 to 33 years. The group was formed by 40 female patients and 1 male. Twenty-nine percent of the patients had previously received treatment. Duration of treatment fell within a range of 10-36 months, 18-24 being the most frequent. Forty-four and a half percent of the patients were admitted to hospital with a 59-day mean time of hospitalization and treatment was positive in over 80% of cases. Two patients suffered a relapse during the first 2 or 3 years, but later recovered. Five years after the beginning of treatment, 1 patient suffered a relapse and received supplementary treatment.
Modulation of cellular-immune responses in vivo and in vitro by histamine receptor-bearing lymphocytes.
Authors: R E Rocklin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Histamine, one of the mediators involved in the IgE-mediated reaction, was demonstrated to influence in vivo and in vitro components of cellular-immune reactions in orthochlorbenzoyl-bovine gamma globulin-immune guinea pigs. 10(-3) M histamine reduced by half the size of a delayed hypersensitivity skin test at 24 h. Inhibition of skin reactivity by histamine could be partially reversed by H-1 receptor antagonists such as chlorpheniramine and completely prevented by H-2 receptor antagonists such as burimamide. The histamine suppression of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity could be accounted for in part by its inhibitory effect on certain lymphocyte responses including antigen-induced migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production and proliferation. At concentrations of 10(-3)-10(-5) M histamine reversibly inhibited MIF production and its action could be blocked by H-2 antagonists but not H-1 antagonists. Thus, lymphocytes bearing H-2 receptors modulate MIF production and probably lymphocyte proliferation as well. Histamine did not interfere with the macrophage response to preformed MIF. These studies indicate that immediate hypersensitivity reactions involving histamine release might influence the subsequent expression of cellular-immune reactions.
Systemic Delivery of siRNA via LCP Nanoparticle Efficiently Inhibits Lung Metastasis
Authors: Yang Yang, Jun Li, Feng Liu, Leaf Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Targeted delivery remains the major challenge for the application of small interfering RNA (siRNA). We have developed a lipid/calcium/phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle (NP) to improve siRNA delivery efficiency. The LCP NP was prepared by using microemulsion technology to form calcium/phosphate (CaP) core and further coated with cationic lipids. The final NP was grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and anisamide (AA) ligand on the surface to target sigma receptor-expressing B16F10 melanoma cells. The LCP NP exhibited a 40 nm particle size, a +25 mV zeta-potential, and 91% siRNA encapsulation efficiency. After a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of antiluciferase siRNA (0.12 mg siRNA/kg) formulated in targeted LCP NP, luciferase activity in metastatic B16F10 tumor-loaded lungs decreased by 78% in C57BL/6 mice. In a therapeutic experiment, siRNA against MDM2, c-myc, and VEGF coformulated in the targeted LCP NP resulted in simultaneous silencing of the respective oncogenes in metastatic nodules. Treatment with siRNA in the targeted NP significantly reduced lung metastases (~70-80%) at a relatively low dose (0.36 mg/kg), whereas control group showed little therapeutic effect. Moreover, this targeted LCP NP significantly prolonged the mean survival time of the animals by 27.8% compared to control group without showing any toxicity at the therapeutic dose.
The effects of circulatory arrest during profound hypothermia upon human myocardial fine structure
Authors: G. Keen, K. Dowlatshahi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Biopsies of myocardium were taken at operation from patients undergoing open heart surgery using profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest. Electron microscopic studies of these specimens were undertaken and the results compared with controls. The significance of the described abnormalities is discussed.
LONG-TERM SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BASED SIROLIMUS ELUTING STENTS IN TREATING DIABETIC PATIENTS: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS OF THE CREATE STUDY
Authors: Yaling Han, Quanmin Jing, Yi Li, Gaoliang Yan, Shouli Wang, Yingyan Ma, Bo Luan, Geng Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Methotrexate maintenance following Ingram therapy in'difficult'psoriasis
Authors: P. C. M. KERKHOF, J. W. H. MALI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

A retrospective analysis is presented summarizing 9 years' experience using a combined regime of Ingram therapy followed by methotrexate maintenance in the management of especially difficult psoriatic patients. The lesion-free period was extended from about 1 month (controls) to 1 year, and the period before re-admission was extended from 5 months to more than 3 years.
Information Required to Provide Informed Consent for Endoscopy: an Observational Study of Patients’ Expectations
Authors: A. J. Brooks, D. P. Hurlstone, J. Fotheringham, J. Gane, D. S. Sanders, M. E. McAlindon
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The aim of this study was to determine how much information patients require about the risk of complications in order to provide informed consent to undergo endoscopy.Endoscopic complications and their consequences were discussed with consecutive patients who had undergone endoscopy. The patients were asked how common each complication would have to be for them to require information about the complication before providing adequately informed consent.Data were obtained from 150 gastroscopy patients (51% male, median age 55.5 years) and 150 colonoscopy patients (60% male, median age 54.4 years). Patients in both groups were more likely to want to know about major rather than minor complications at a lower level of risk (P < 0.001 at a risk greater than one in 1000). Similar proportions of gastroscopy patients (n = 29, 19%) and colonoscopy patients (n = 21, 14 %) wanted to know about all possible complications, no matter how inconsequential or rare. Colonoscopy patients were less likely to want no information about any complications than gastroscopy patients (n = 1, 0.7% and n = 15, 10%, respectively; P < 0.001).The information patients require in order to provide informed consent is very variable. Many appear to make a judgement about the need for information depending on the perceived severity of the complication, but some want information about all complications, irrespective of risk and severity. The level of risk at which they require this information is likely to be higher than the level used by doctors who are obtaining consent from patients. The process may be improved by providing procedure-specific information leaflets that offer information regarding common and serious complications.
11-Year Recurrent Fever
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— A query and its answer (230:1701, 1974) about a 78-year-old patient who has had recurrent fever for 11 years requires comment. At first, his episodes came every six months and lately every three weeks. If he is well otherwise and has no complaints, tuberculosis or cancer are unlikely causes. Attention is directed to a report on Periodic Fever: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Problems (228: 1662, 1974). In it is described a patient who had had undiagnosed periodic fever recurrent every three weeks for eight years. See also the report of another 68-year-old patient with predictable periodic fever every 21 days for eight years (230:208, 1974). If the patient in question has periodic fever, further tests or therapy can be avoided. Intermittent antibacterial therapy probably perpetuates Gramnegative bacilluria.
Female germ line mosaicism as the origin of a unique IL-2 receptor gamma-chain mutation causing X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency.
Authors: J M Puck, A E Pepper, P M Bédard, R Laframboise
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The IL2RG gene encoding the gamma chain of the lymphocyte receptor for IL-2 lies in human Xq13.1 and is mutated in males with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). In a large Canadian pedigree genetic linkage studies demonstrated that the proband's grandmother was the source of an X-linked SCID mutation. However, her T cells did not show the expected skewed X chromosome inactivation pattern of female carriers of SCID, despite her having one affected son and two carrier daughters with skewed X inactivation. Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of IL2RG in the affected proband was abnormal in exon 5; sequencing revealed a nine nucleotide in-frame duplication insertion. The three duplicated amino acids included the first tryptophan of the "WSXWS" motif found in all members of the cytokine receptor gene superfamily. Mutation detection in the pedigree confirmed that the founder grandmother's somatic cells had only normal IL2RG, and further showed that the SCID-associated X chromosome haplotype was inherited by three daughters, one with a wild type IL2RG gene and two others with the insertional mutation. Female germ line mosaicism is unusual, but its presence in this X-linked SCID family emphasizes the limitations of genetic diagnosis by linkage as compared with direct mutation analysis.
Dynamic FDG PET/CT Imaging With Diuresis Demonstrates an Enterovesical Fistula in a Lymphoma Patient With Repeated Colon Diverticulitis
Authors: Pan-Fu Kao, Wen-Chien Ting, Pei-Ching Hsiao, Yu-Lin Kao, Pai-Jung Chang, Jong-Kang Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 43-year-old male patient with follicular B-cell lymphoma was referred for a FDG PET/CT scan due to severe left lower abdominal pain to rule out recurrent cancer. These FDG PET/CT images and previous FDG PET/CT images 5 months ago both revealed an air bubble in the urinary bladder on the CT images. He had a recurrent urinary tract infection history for 6 months. A list-mode dynamic data acquisition with diuresis intravenous injection revealed linear FDG activity extending from the upper-left portion of the bladder to a soft tissue mass in the lower-left pelvic region. An enterovesical fistula was confirmed by surgery.
Calcium and the Heart
Authors: Yaron Ilan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1988Calcium and the HeartYaron IlanYaron IlanSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-11-924 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Urban and associates (1) have contributed to our understanding of calcium use during cardiac arrest, although the controversy remains unresolved. The authors described the cause of the cardiac arrests in their patients, but the small number of patients examined makes it difficult to draw any conclusions about the relation between basic rhythm during resuscitation and calcium levels. The basic rhythm during resuscitation is an important prognostic factor (2). An esophageal mobility disorder has long been considered one of the main indications of calcium use during resuscitation (3, 4). But the pathophysiology of this ominous condition and the...References1. Urban P, Scheidegger D, Buchmann B, and Barth D. Cardiac arrest and blood ionized calcium levels. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:110-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Roth F, Steward R, and Rogers K. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: factors associated with survival. Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13:237. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Standards for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC). JAMA. 1980;244:453-509. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Standards and guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC). JAMA. 1986;255:2905-89. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Vincent J, Thijs L, and Weil M. Clinical and experimental studies in electro-mechanical dissociation. Circulation. 1981;64:18-22. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. Urban P, Scheidegger D, Buchmann B, and Barth D. Cardiac arrest and blood ionized calcium levels. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:110-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Nayons A. About the independence of the electrocardiogram with regard to the form-cardiogram. Proc R Acad Amsterdam. 1908;11:273. Google Scholar3. Stueven H, Thompson B, Aprahamian C, Tonsfeldt D, and Kastenson E. The effectiveness of calcium chloride in refractory electromechanical dissociation. Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14:626-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Drop L and Scheidegger D. Plasma ionized calcium concentration: important determinant of the hemodynamic response to calcium infusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1980;79:425-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Ginsburg R, Esserman L, and Bristow M. Myocardial performance and extracellular ionized calcium in a severely failing human heart. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:603-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Yaron Ilan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1988Volume 109, Issue 11Page: 924-925KeywordsCalciumCardiac arrestHeartResuscitation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
CONGENITAL IDIOPATHIC DILATATION OF THE COLON TREATED BY STRETCHING OF THE PELVI-RECTAL SPHINCTER
Authors: A. Fullerton
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Tt1ATMENT 6P CONGENITAL DILATATION' OF THE1 CJOLON.[IM TgEBRJmTgL1 of polvmorph cells mixed with the lymphocytes, which will at once distinguish this lesion from that of syphilis anid letlhargic eneephalitis.W%henever the inflammatory lesion reaches the siurface of thle niervous system and the meninges ther e will be out- pourin'g of cells inlto the cerebi,o-spinal fluid anid a recognizable clhange in this fluid, immen-sely imiportant ill diagnosis, together with signs of mieniingoitis.Now as m.enilngitic symiptoms, suclh as headachle, head retraction,