tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Study of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cyst Fluid From Patients With Malignant Glioma
Authors: J.-i. Kuratsu, K. Yoshizato, T. Yoshimura, E. J. Leonard, H. Takeshima, Y. Ushio
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a 76-amino acid protein that attracts monocytes. In vitro studies have reported high levels of MCP-1 messenger RNA expression, as well as the presence of MCP-1, in malignant glioma cells.Our purpose was to determine whether an MCP-1 assay could be used in a clinical setting 1) to differentiate malignant from benign gliomas and from nontumor disorders of the central nervous system and 2) to detect subarachnoid dissemination of glioma cells.MCP-1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cyst fluid were measured with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that we had previously developed. We measured MCP-1 levels in CSF samples from 19 patients with malignant glioma (glioblastoma, 10; anaplastic astrocytoma, six; anaplastic oligodendroglioma, two; and ependymoblastoma, one), nine patients with benign glioma, and seven patients with nontumor disorders of the central nervous system. Cyst fluids from four patients with malignant glioma (anaplastic astrocytoma) were also tested. The correlation between MCP-1 concentration in the CSF and subarachnoid dissemination of malignant glioma cells was also studied.The MCP-1 concentration (mean +/- SE) in CSF samples from patients with malignant glioma (2.3 +/- 0.4 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that from patients with benign glioma (0.6 +/- 0.1 ng/mL) (P < .01) or from patients with no tumor (0.5 +/- 0.1 ng/mL) (P < .01). Furthermore, CSF samples from patients with subarachnoid dissemination of malignant glioma contained significantly higher amounts of MCP-1 than those from patients without dissemination (P < .05). Cyst fluids from four of the patients with malignant glioma contained high concentrations of MCP-1.These results indicate that MCP-1 is produced by malignant glioma in vivo as well as in vitro and suggest that testing for MCP-1 in CSF may be useful in the clinic to differentiate malignant glioma from benign glioma and to detect subarachnoid dissemination of the tumor cells.The MCP-1 ELISA in CSF may lead to more accurate diagnosis of malignant glioma and detection of subarachnoid dissemination of tumor cells, facilitating selection of patients with these conditions for appropriate therapy.
The Cost to Patients of Participating in Clinical Trials
Authors: Turner A. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  The article entitled NCI Seeks to Boost Study Participation 1 in the September 9 issue ignores the major reason that I as a community oncologist do not participate in clinical trials. The financial burden to the patient or their insurance company is a problem largely ignored by the academic community. This burden is threefold: (1) Many insurance companies will pay nothing toward the cost of therapy that they perceive as experimental. (2) Costs  travel and lodging are never covered by insurance. (3) Protocol studies always involve laboratory and roentgenogram studies that are done for the  and not  the benefit of the individual patient. Careful examination of the average clinical trial protocol will reveal at least $1000 to $2000 of such expenditure that can in no way be construed as beneficial to the individual patient. In this era of cost containment, I cannot in good conscience
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and osteopontin differentially regulate monocytes recruitment in experimental glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ulf Panzer, Friedrich Thaiss, Gunther Zahner, Petra Barth, Mariola Reszka, Rolf R. Reinking, Gunter Wolf, Udo Helmchen, Rolf A.K. Stahl
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
The questionable utility of “cognitive ability” in explaining cognitive illusions
Authors: Ralph Hertwig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The notion of “cognitive ability” leads to paradoxical conclusions when invoked to explain Inhelder and Piaget's research on class inclusion reasoning and research on the inclusion rule in the heuristics-and-biases program. The vague distinction between associative and rule-based reasoning overlooks the human capacity for semantic and pragmatic inferences, and consequently, makes intelligent inferences look like reasoning errors.
Randomized trial of the anti-FGF23 antibody KRN23 in X-linked hypophosphatemia
Authors: Thomas O. Carpenter, Erik A. Imel, Mary D. Ruppe, Thomas J. Weber, Mark A. Klausner, Margaret M. Wooddell, Tetsuyoshi Kawakami, Takahiro Ito, Xiaoping Zhang, Jeffrey Humphrey, Karl L. Insogna, Munro Peacock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Background. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common heritable form of rickets and osteomalacia. XLH-associated mutations in phosphate-regulating endopeptidase (PHEX) result in elevated serum FGF23, decreased renal phosphate reabsorption, and low serum concentrations of phosphate (inorganic phosphorus, Pi) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. KRN23 is a human anti-FGF23 antibody developed as a potential treatment for XLH. Here, we have assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of KRN23 following a single i.v. or s.c. dose of KRN23 in adults with XLH.
AGRANULOCYTOSIS OCCURRING DURING PHETHENYLATE ("THIANTOIN") SODIUM THERAPY
Authors: Allen E. Hussar
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Putnam and Merritt's method of testing the anticonvulsant activity of drugs in animals opened an era of intensive search for more effective drugs with which to control epilepsy. 1 Innumerable chemical substances were tested, and, beginning with diphenylhydantoin sodium, several were subsequently introduced into clinical practice.  Whereas some of the new anticonvulsant drugs are now considered valuable additions to the therapeutic armamentarium for epilepsy, their toxic side-effects create a certain amount of hazard in the treatment of this disease. There have been reports of the occurrence of bone marrow depression, exfoliative dermatitis, nephrosis, and hepatitis, with recoveries and fatalities. Apparently depression of the blood elements is the commonest among these serious complications. In 1950, Abbott and Schwab noted that there had been 25 fatal reactions in the previous four years, which occurred during trimethadione, methylphenylethyl hydantoin, or phenacemide administration; 15 of the patients died with aplastic anemia or pancytopenia (6
Comparison of the single breath with the intrabreath method for the measurement of the carbon monoxide transfer factor in subjects with and without airways obstruction.
Authors: D Kiss, W Popp, C Wagner, L Havelec, K Sertl
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Measurement of the carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO) has traditionally been performed using the single breath method but recently the intrabreath method has been developed. The aim of this study was to compare the two methods in the clinical evaluation of patients with obstructive and non-obstructive pulmonary disorders. METHODS--Measurements of TLCO with the intrabreath method were carried out on a study sample composed of 50 patients with non-obstructive disorders and 50 with airways obstruction (FEV1/FVC &lt; 70%) either before or after a single breath measurement of the TLCO had been performed. The method involves the continuous analysis of a single slow expirate using a computerised rapid multigas infrared analyser. TLCO, alveolar volume (VA), TLCO/VA, and inspired vital capacity (IVC) values were obtained for both groups by both methods. RESULTS--When measured with the intrabreath method the group with airways obstruction showed lower TLCO and TLCO/VA values than the non-obstructive group. VA was higher in both patient groups when measured with the intrabreath technique. The same test also showed higher TLCO values with the intrabreath method in the group with non-obstructive disorders and lower TLCO/VA values with the intrabreath method in those with airways obstruction. The corresponding parameters obtained by the two methods correlated closely, with no correlation between the magnitude of the differences with the magnitude of the readings. An index of gas mixing indicated a better distribution of the inspired air for the intrabreath method than for the single breath method. The VA values obtained with the intrabreath method showed a closer agreement to the actual total lung capacities measured by body plethysmography. CONCLUSION--The intrabreath method of determining TLCO is comparable to the traditional single breath method. Measurement of alveolar volume by the intrabreath method approximates more closely to total lung capacity, even in subjects with airways obstruction.
Precautions Against B Virus Infection
Authors: F. T. Perkins, E. G. Hartley
Journal: BMJ (1966)

ResultsOf the 303 patients 38 (6 male, 32 female) had no apparent, cause for an abnormal E.S.R., and a further 33 (4 male, 29 female) no apparent cause apart from an occult infection of the urinary tract (in only 4 of these latter 33 patients was there a sterile pyuria, positive cultures being obtained in the- remainder).The Table compares the findings in these two groups.This shows no significant difference either in the mean E.S.R. or in the numbers with a conventionally raised E.S.R. Thus occult infections of the urinary tract do not appear to make any significant contribution to the E.S.R. in the vast majority of elderly hospital in-patients.Considering these two groups together, Fig. 1 shows that in the age group 65 and over there is no tendency for the high on 10 August
Cost Containment Through Medical Education
Authors: Israel Praiss
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Efforts for containing the costs of health care are currently being directed primarily toward the organization and administration of health care services, and there is increasing legislation pertaining to the financing and reimbursement for medical care. An important area that to date has received insufficient attention as an approach to cost containment is the process of medical education and the training of young physicians. A curriculum on the economic dimensions of medical practice is proposed, and principles for instituting the curriculum are detailed. Such a curriculum would highlight cost-consciousness without compromising the quality of care. The establishment of teaching programs and the development of cost-conscious clinical settings are presented as major challenges to medical schools.
IMPACT OF LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY ON CORONARY PLAQUE COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE AND UNSTABLE ANGINA EVALUATED BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND WITH VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY; FINDINGS FROM THE SUBANALYSES OF THE TRUTH STUDY
Authors: Hiroyuki Ozaki, Kazuki Fukui, Yasuo Okusu, Tomoyori Nakatogawa, Takeshi Nakagawa, Kiyoshi Hibi, Takashi Sozu, Terashima Mitsuyasu, Tsuyoshi Nozue, Ichiro Michishita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
TWO CASES OF PERNICIOUS MALARIA WITH RELAPSE.
Authors: JAMES B. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In the reports of pernicious malaria I would direct attention to the following facts: The comparative rarity in this climate of the pernicious type of malaria. The somewhat unusual complication in an adult of convulsions (Case 1). The occurrence in the child of convulsions oft repeated and resembling the petit mal of epilepsy and yielding only to quinin. The ready explanation of the cerebral symptoms, afforded by recent pathologic studies. The illustration of the necessity of blood examination as an aid to diagnosis. The course of the temperature in Case 1 characteristic of the pernicious tertian fever, prolonged stage of fever, precritical rise, etc. The relapse (Case 1) with change of type to the quotidian. The lesson that even yet needs an occasional enforcement of the specific effect of quinin. <h3>COMA; FACIAL PARESIS; CONVULSIONS; RELAPSE; RECOVERY.</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —Nov. 9, 1895, there was admitted to the County Hospital to the
CHILDREN WHO RUN ON ALL FOURS
Authors: Ales Hrdlička
Journal: JAMA (1928)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the last two numbers of the<i>American Journal, of Physical Anthropology</i>(Vistar Institute, Philadelphia), I publish the account, with illustrations, of eleven children who, before walking upright, have spontaneously developed the habit of running effectively on all fours. This is a highly interesting phenomenon of nonpathologic nature, and I should be thankful for further reliable reports. The principal points on which information is desired are as follows: race and nationality; sex; health and robustness; what child in numerical order; whether the phenomenon has been noticed in any other child of the same parents or among relatives; at what age the child began to run on all fours, and how long it has continued; to which should be added a description, as detailed as possible, of the performance itself, supplemented, when this can be done, by a photograph of the child in the act. The position of
Cholesterol absorption decreases after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass but not after gastric banding
Authors: Jussi Pihlajamäki, Sari Grönlund, Marko Simonen, Pirjo Käkelä, Leena Moilanen, Matti Pääkkönen, Elina Pirinen, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Vesa Kärjä, Sakari Kainulainen, Matti Uusitupa, Esko Alhava, Tatu A. Miettinen, Helena Gylling
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
HEART FAILURE OF THE CONGESTIVE TYPE CAUSED BY HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: BURTON E. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In order to avoid confusion in discussion of the group of cases that I am reporting, it is necessary to bear in mind a precise definition of the signs of heart failure of the congestive type. Whatever may be the complete pathologic physiology in congestive heart failure, the physical signs by which we can recognize it clinically are few and definite. They depend on actual venous congestion from a failure of the heart to pump away the blood as fast as it receives it, and are, in differing proportions in individual cases: (1) from congestion in the pulmonary veins; diminshed vital capacity; orthopnea; râles, particularly in the dependent portions of the lungs; cough, perhaps productive, perhaps hemoptysis; (2) from congestion of the systemic veins; liver enlargement, with possibly tenderness and pain. There may be an accompanying demonstrable congestion of the neck veins. Demonstrable general edema often comes late in the
Risk Factors for Syncope Recurrence After a Positive Tilt-Table Test in Patients With Syncope
Authors: Robert Sheldon, Sarah Rose, Patricia Flanagan, Mary Lou Koshman, Shawn Killam
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Recent work with head-up tilt-table testing has suggested that many patients with syncope may have recurrent neurally mediated episodes of bradycardia, hypotension, or both. The purpose of this study was to determine how to identify patients at high risk of a recurrence of neuromediated syncope after a positive isoproterenol/tilt-table test. Methods and Results A cohort of 101 drug-free patients in a university hospital outpatient clinic with syncope and a positive isoproterenol/tilt-table test underwent baseline assessment of demographic variables, symptomatic burden, and hemodynamic and clinical responses to tilt testing. The primary outcome measure was the time to the first recurrent syncopal spell. The actuarial probabilities of remaining syncope free after 1 and 2 years were 72% and 60%, respectively. Multivariate proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that the most powerful predictor of a recurrence of syncope was the logarithm of the number of preceding syncopal spells ( P &lt;.001). Other predictive variables included the duration of syncopal symptoms, tilt-test symptomatic outcome, and trough heart rate. The probability of a recurrence of syncope also varied with the logarithm of the frequency of preceding spells ( P =.008). The median frequency of pretest spells was 0.3/month; after the tilt test, the median frequency dropped ≈90% to 0.03 per month. Conclusions The risk of a recurrence of syncope after a positive tilt-table test can be predicted with simple pretest and intratest variables.
Unusual clinical and immunologic manifestations of transplacentally acquired maternal T cells in severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Kricia Palmer, Todd D. Green, Joseph L. Roberts, Elisa Sajaroff, Myriah Cooney, Roberta Parrott, Dong-Feng Chen, Nancy L. Reinsmoen, Rebecca H. Buckley
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Development of Diffuse Fasciitis with Eosinophilia during L-Tryptophan Treatment: Demonstration of Elevated Type I Collagen Gene Expression in Affected Tissues
Authors: John Varga
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

We describe the cases of four women who developed a scleroderma-like syndrome during L-tryptophan treatment for insomnia or tinnitus. The illness was characterized by swelling of the extremities, skin rash, myalgia, and elevation of the peripheral blood eosinophil count, followed by rapidly progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous induration. The histopathologic examination of affected skin showed thickening of the fascia, deep dermal fibrosis, and accumulation of mononuclear cells and abundant eosinophils. The expression of the type I procollagen gene was examined by in-situ hybridizations of affected skin with a human sequence-specific complementary DNA (cDNA). Increased hybridization signals were detected in the deep dermis and fascia, indicating enhanced expression of the collagen gene. The temporal association of L-tryptophan use and the development of a scleroderma-like illness in these four patients suggests a causal relation between L-tryptophan or its metabolites and the stimulation of fibroblast collagen gene expression that results in dermal and fascial fibrosis.
TCT-730 Long-term performance of a transfemorally implantable nonmetallic, retrievable and repositionable aortic valve in patients with severe aortic stenosis- 5 Year Follow-Up of the 22 F-Direct Flow Medical Valve
Authors: Klaudija Bijuklic, Hendrik Treede, Hermann Reichenspurner, Eberhard Grube, Joachim Schofer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Screening for Sickle-Cell Trait and G-6-PD Deficiency
Authors: William C. Mentzer, Bertram H. Lubin, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

SICKLE-cell trait, which occurs in 8 to 14 per cent of all American Negroes, has generally been regarded as a benign condition. Occasional reports of splenic, pulmonary, pituitary or cerebral infarction, as well as priapism, hematuria, hyposthenuria, avascular necrosis of bone and retinal hemorrhage, indicate that in certain unfavorable circumstances these patients may experience the severe vaso-occlusive episodes characteristic of homozygous sickle-cell anemia. Recently, Jones and his colleagues1 reported four sudden deaths attributable to sickle-cell trait that occurred in a group of 4000 black military recruits undergoing vigorous physical training at an altitude of 4060 feet. The case reports indicate . . .
Disease activity and pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy.
Authors: A Unger, A Kay, A J Griffin, G S Panayi
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied during pregnancy and clinical disease activity and serum concentrations of pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (PAG) measured at monthly intervals until parturition. Disease activity diminished during pregnancy in 10 patients (group 1) and increased or remained unchanged in four (group 2). The mean PAG concentration produced by group 1 was 1250 +/- 737 mg/1, which was significantly higher than the mean of 470 +/- 304 mg/1 produced by group 2. Furthermore, there was a highly significant negative correlation coefficient (r = -0.41; p less than 0.001) between disease activity and PAG concentrations during gestation. Since there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in any of the other serum factors measured, and since PAG has immunosuppressive properties in vitro, the results suggest that this protein may play an important part in inducing the remissions of rheumatoid arthritis which frequently occur during pregnancy.
Vasa vasorum in atherosclerotic coronary arteries: responses to vasoactive stimuli and regression of atherosclerosis.
Authors: J K Williams, M L Armstrong, D D Heistad
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The goals of this study were to determine whether vasa vasorum in atherosclerotic coronary arteries respond to vasoactive stimuli and to examine effects of regression of atherosclerosis on blood flow through vasa vasorum in coronary arteries. We studied three groups of monkeys: normal, atherosclerotic, and regression. Blood flow to vasa vasorum was measured with microspheres. Blood flow to intima-media (ml/min x 100 g) was 5 +/- 1 (mean +/- SEM) in normal and 47 +/- 7 in atherosclerotic monkeys (p less than 0.05). Infusion of phenylephrine or serotonin did not alter flow through vasa in normal monkeys. In atherosclerotic monkeys, phenylephrine decreased flow through vasa vasorum in intima-media of coronary arteries to 24 +/- 4 (p less than 0.05), and serotonin decreased flow to 27 +/- 5 (p less than 0.05). In regression monkeys, blood flow to intima-media was sixfold less (7 +/- 2 ml/min x 100 g) than in atherosclerotic monkeys (p less than 0.05). During infusion of adenosine, blood flow to vasa was fourfold greater in atherosclerotic monkeys than after regression of atherosclerosis. This finding suggests that loss of vessels, not constriction of existing vessels, accounts for the decrease in flow through vasa in intima-media after regression of atherosclerosis. We conclude that vasa vasorum in atherosclerotic coronary arteries respond to vasoconstrictor stimuli and that there is loss of vasa vasorum and a large decrease in blood flow through vasa to intima-media of coronary arteries after regression of atherosclerosis.
Referral or follow-up?
Authors: Frank Sullivan, Jeremy C Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (2005)

When patients ask their doctors if a preventable problem could have been avoided by earlier investigation or referral, the doctors can be in an unenviable position. Given the information available at the time, the response will often be a qualified, “yes.” It must be a qualified response because the aspects of the problem considered during earlier encounters with patients are often unknown. The matter is further complicated by issues of trust, professional ethics, and the law.



PRODIGY (Prescribing RatiOnally with Decision Support) guideline on investigation of urinary tract infection in children



This article discusses information flows that may have reduced the risk of Ms Smith (see box opposite) developing symptomatic renal impairment. The risk could have been reduced at three different points.

Children aged ≤7 years with urinary symptoms, fever, or several non-specific symptoms and signs should be tested for urinary infections because, in some circumstances, prophylaxis can prevent recurrence. Guidelines are available, but the research that underpins the advice was published too late for Ms Smith. Were Ms Smith a young girl today, any primary care or emergency clinician who saw her would probably have access to this evidence base as part of their clinical software, or through access to guidelines on the internet.

Undergraduate education, postgraduate training, and continuing professional development are more traditional routes of knowledge transfer. Unfortunately, traditional sources of knowledge are relatively inefficient: our stores of knowledge decay over time, and our brain's working memory may become overloaded. Prompts and reminders at the point of care are useful adjuncts to an overworked human brain for certain tasks. Some doctors worry that use of such electronic aids may …
Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Left Ventricular Twist
Authors: Matteo Bertini, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Victoria Delgado, Rutger J. van Bommel, Gaetano Nucifora, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Giuseppe Boriani, Mauro Biffi, Eduard R. Holman, Ernst E. van der Wall, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)