tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic light eruption sine eruptione and brachioradial pruritus
Authors: C. Commens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Polymorphic light eruption sine eruptione and brachioradial pruritus Get access C. Commens C. Commens Skin Cancer Foundation, The Ashley Centre, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 4, 1 October 1988, Page 554, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03267.x Published: 01 October 1988
Offering people a choice for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Carlo Senore, Andrea Ederle, Luca Benazzato, Arrigo Arrigoni, Marco Silvani, Alberto Fantin, Mario Fracchia, Paola Armaroli, Nereo Segnan
Journal: Gut (2012)

Peptide:<i>N</i>-glycanases (PNGases) are cytoplasmic de-<i>N</i>-glycosylation enzymes that have been shown in cultured cells to facilitate the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins during endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and in the processing of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens for proper cell-surface presentation. The gene encoding PNGase activity was initially described in budding yeast (Png1p) and shown to be highly conserved from yeast to humans, but physiological roles in higher organisms have not been elucidated. Here we describe peripheral nervous system defects associated with the first loss-of-function mutations in an animal PNGase. Mutations in <i>png-1</i>, the Caenorhabditis elegans PNGase ortholog, result in an increase in axon branching during morphogenesis of the vulval egg-laying organ and egg-laying behavior changes. Neuronal defects include an increase in the branched morphology of the VC4 and VC5 egg-laying neurons as well as inappropriate branches from axons that run adjacent to the vulva but would normally remain unbranched. We show that <i>png-1</i> is widely expressed and can act from both neurons and epithelial cells to restrict axon branching. A deletion allele of the DNA repair gene <i>rad-23</i>, orthologs of which are known to physically interact with PNGases in yeast and mammals, displays similar axon branching defects and genetic interactions with <i>png-1</i>. In summary, our analysis reveals a novel developmental role for a PNGase and Rad-23 in the regulation of neuronal branching during organ innervation.
Proteasome Inhibition With Bortezomib (PS-341): A Phase I Study With Pharmacodynamic End Points Using a Day 1 and Day 4 Schedule in a 14-Day Cycle
Authors: A.L. Hamilton, J.P. Eder, A.C. Pavlick, J.W. Clark, L. Liebes, R. Garcia-Carbonero, A. Chachoua, D.P. Ryan, V. Soma, K. Farrell, N. Kinchla, J. Boyden, H. Yee, A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, J. Wright, P. Elliott, J. Adams, F.M. Muggia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose We performed a phase I study of a day (D) 1 and D4 bortezomib administration once every 2 weeks to determine the recommended phase II dose and toxicity profile, and the extent of 20S proteasome inhibition obtained. Patients and Methods Patients with solid tumors or lymphomas were treated with bortezomib at 0.25 to 1.9 mg/m 2 on D1 and D4, every 2 weeks. 20S proteasome levels in blood were assayed at baseline and at 1, 4, and 24 hours postdose in cycle 1. Results On this D1 and D4 every 2 weeks' schedule, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was evident at the 1.75 and 1.9 mg/m 2 dose levels, most commonly in patients receiving individual total doses ≥ 3.0 mg. The main DLT was peripheral neuropathy evident at the higher doses and in patients previously exposed to neurotoxic agents. Other DLTs included diarrhea and fatigue; grade 3 thrombocytopenia was also noted. Reversible inhibition of 20S proteasome activity was dose dependent and best fit a total dose (mg) per fraction rather than mg/m 2 ; 70% of baseline activity was inhibited by a dose of 3.0 to 3.5 mg given on D1 and on D4 every other week. Antitumor effects short of confirmed partial responses were observed in patients with melanoma, non–small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion Bortezomib (PS-341) is a novel antineoplastic agent that is well tolerated at doses not exceeding 3.0 mg (equivalent to 1.75 mg/m 2 ), repeated on D1 and D4 every other week. This dose correlates with 70% inhibition of 20S proteasome activity. DLTs include neuropathy, fatigue, and diarrhea.
The pulmonary endothelial cell.
Authors: D Heath, P Smith
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The surface of the endothelial cells of the pulmonary trunk of the Wistar albino rat was studied by means of silver preparations and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. This surface is the site of cytoplasmic projections and the opening of caveolae which together appear to be features associated with the active metabolic rôle of the pulmonary endothelial cell.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Rheumatic Fever With and Without Chorea: A Prospective 6-Month Study
Authors: Fernando R. Asbahr, André B. Negrão, Valentim Gentil, Dirce M.T. Zanetta, José A. da Paz, Maria J. Marques-Dias, Maria H. Kiss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The incidence and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms were determined in pediatric patients with rheumatic fever.The Leyton Obsessional Inventory and National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive-Compulsive Scale were used to evaluate children and adolescents who had rheumatic fever with Sydenham's chorea (N=30) or without chorea (N=20). They were assessed three times over 6 months from the onset of rheumatic fever. Psychiatric diagnoses were also determined.Obsessive-compulsive symptoms abruptly appeared and peaked during the 2 months after the onset of rheumatic fever in 21 patients with chorea (70.0%) and were absent in all patients without chorea. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was diagnosed in five patients with chorea (16.7%).The association between Sydenham's chorea and OCD supports suggestions that similar mechanisms involving the basal ganglia underlie both disorders. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms occurred at the beginning of rheumatic fever, so early psychopathological assessments are essential.
A 4.1-Mb Congenic Region of Rf-4 Contributes to Glomerular Permeability
Authors: Caitlin C. O’Meara, Michelle M. Lutz, Allison B. Sarkis, Haiyan Xu, Rajendra K. Kothinti, Matthew Hoffman, Carol Moreno, Niloofar M. Tabatabai, Jozef Lazar, Richard J. Roman, Howard J. Jacob
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

The combined transfer of two renal function quantitative trait loci (QTLs), Rf-1 (rat chromosome 1) and Rf-4 (rat chromosome 14), from the Fawn-hooded hypertensive rat onto the August Copenhagen Irish genetic background significantly increases proteinuria and demonstrates an interaction between these QTLs. Because the original Rf-4 congenic region is 61.9 Mbp, it is necessary to reduce this interval to feasibly search for variants responsible for renal susceptibility in this region. Here, we generated a minimal congenic line (Rf-1a+4_a) to identify a 4.1-Mb region of the Rf-4 QTL that significantly contributes to the severity of proteinuria in the Fawn-hooded hypertensive rat. Rf-1a+4_a animals have an increased glomerular permeability to albumin without significant changes in BP, indicating that at least one genetic element in this refined region directly affects renal function. Sequence analysis revealed no variants predicted to damage protein function, implying that regulatory elements are responsible for the Rf-4 phenotype. Multiple human studies, including recent genome-wide association studies, link the homologous human region with susceptibility to renal disease, suggesting that this congenic line is an important model for studying pathways that contribute to the progression of kidney disease.
Autoantibodies Against Oxidized LDLs and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Francesco Piarulli, Annunziata Lapolla, Giovanni Sartore, Ciro Rossetti, Giuseppe Bax, Marianna Noale, Nadia Minicuci, Cristina Fiore, Lucio Marchioro, Enzo Manzato, Domenico Fedele
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of our study was to examine, in type 2 diabetic patients, the relationship between autoantibodies against oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL Ab) and two indexes of atherosclerosis, intimal-medial thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT), which reflects early atherosclerosis, and the ankle-brachial index (ABI), which reflects advanced atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Thirty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, 30 type 2 diabetic patients with long duration of disease, and 56 control subjects were studied. To detect oxLDL Ab, the ImmunoLisa Anti-oxLDL Antibody ELISA was used. ABI was estimated at rest by strain-gauge plethysmography. Carotid B-mode imaging was performed on a high-resolution imaging system (ATL HDI 5000). RESULTS—In patients with long duration of disease, IgG oxLDL Ab were significantly higher and ABI significantly lower compared with the other two groups. We found a correlation between IgG oxLDL Ab and CCA-IMT in all diabetic patients. A significant inverse correlation between IgG oxLDL Ab and ABI only in patients with long duration of disease was seen, demonstrating a close relationship between these autoantibodies and advanced atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS—IgG OxLDL Ab may be markers of the advanced phase of the atherosclerotic process and the response of the immunological system to the oxLDL, which are present within atherosclerotic lesions.
The role of stress in ageing: research on the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: N. Ishii
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has proven a robust genetic model for studies of aging and the roles of stress. In this review we focus on the genetics of select long-lived and short-lived mutants of C. elegans that have proven useful in revealing the relationships that exist between oxidative stress and life span. The former are known to be controlled by an insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway, while the latter are affected by mitochondrial functions.
Ongoing tuberculosis transmission to children in Greenland
Authors: B. Soborg, A. Koch, V.Ø. Thomsen, K. Ladefoged, M. Andersson, J. Wohlfahrt, M. Melbye, A.B. Andersen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Inuit in the Arctic are experiencing an increase in tuberculosis cases, reaching levels in Greenland comparable to high-incidence countries. This prompted us to study the level of tuberculosis transmission to Greenlandic children. Specifically, we estimated the current prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI) and the underlying annual risk of MTI. 2,231 Greenlandic school children aged 5-17 yrs (∼25% of the Greenlandic population in the relevant age group) were tested for MTI using the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in-tube test. Subjects with dual-positive results were considered infected and subjects with dual-negative results uninfected. The children with discordant test results were classified as probably having MTI and analysed separately. 8.1% of the children had dual-positive test results. The annual risk of MTI was estimated as 0.80% (95% CI 0.67-0.92%) giving a cumulative risk at the 18th birthday of 13.4%. The annual risk of MTI varied substantially by ethnicity (0.87% in Inuit children, 0.02% in non-Inuit children; p<0.001) and by location (0.13% on the west coast, 1.68% on the south coast; p<0.001). M. tuberculosis transmission occurs at a very high level in Inuit children with pronounced geographic differences emphasising the need for immediate public health interventions.
Local Anaesthesia: Notes on Its Artificial Production by Chloroform, &amp;c., in the Lower Animals, and in Man
Authors: J. Y. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1848)

A few months ago I published some remarks with the object of shewing that the artificial production of a state of general anesthesia before the performance of surgical operations was not, altogether, an idea of modern times.*Several ancient writers aver that such a state of general aneesthesia can be produced by using mandragore,-as Dioscorides't Pliny,: Apuleius, § &c.11In the thirteenth century, Theodoric, ¶g! published a receipt for produc- ing it by the inhalation of vapours arising from the watery extracts of various narcotic herbs, and in our own days, (1832,) this receipt of Theodoric's has been, apparently, found quite sufficient for the purpose by Dauriol.'0
Suicide, Suicide Attempts, and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: E. David Klonsky, Alexis M. May, Boaz Y. Saffer
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2016)

Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Fortunately, recent developments in suicide theory and research promise to meaningfully advance knowledge and prevention. One key development is the ideation-to-action framework, which stipulates that (a) the development of suicidal ideation and (b) the progression from ideation to suicide attempts are distinct phenomena with distinct explanations and predictors. A second key development is a growing body of research distinguishing factors that predict ideation from those that predict suicide attempts. For example, it is becoming clear that depression, hopelessness, most mental disorders, and even impulsivity predict ideation, but these factors struggle to distinguish those who have attempted suicide from those who have only considered suicide. Means restriction is also emerging as a highly effective way to block progression from ideation to attempt. A third key development is the proliferation of theories of suicide that are positioned within the ideation-to-action framework. These include the interpersonal theory, the integrated motivational-volitional model, and the three-step theory. These perspectives can and should inform the next generation of suicide research and prevention.
Suppression of microRNA-29 Expression by TGF-β1 Promotes Collagen Expression and Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Bo Wang, Radko Komers, Rosemarie Carew, Catherine E. Winbanks, Bei Xu, Michal Herman-Edelstein, Philip Koh, Merlin Thomas, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm, Paul Gregorevic, Mark E. Cooper, Phillip Kantharidis
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the glomerulus and interstitium characterizes renal fibrosis, but the mechanisms underlying this process are incompletely understood. The profibrotic cytokine TGF-β1 modulates the expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs), suggesting that miRNAs may have a role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Here, we exposed proximal tubular cells, primary mesangial cells, and podocytes to TGF-β1 to examine its effect on miRNAs and subsequent collagen synthesis. TGF-β1 reduced expression of the miR-29a/b/c/family, which targets collagen gene expression, and increased expression of ECM proteins. In both resting and TGF-β1-treated cells, ectopic expression of miR-29 repressed the expression of collagens I and IV at both the mRNA and protein levels by targeting the 3'untranslated region of these genes. Furthermore, we observed low levels of miR-29 in three models of renal fibrosis representing early and advanced stages of disease. Administration of the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor fasudil prevented renal fibrosis and restored expression of miR-29. Taken together, these data suggest that TGF-β1 inhibits expression of the miR-29 family, thereby promoting expression of ECM components. Pharmacologic modulation of these miRNAs may have therapeutic potential for progressive renal fibrosis.
Elevated Bone Turnover Predicts for Bone Metastasis in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: Results of NCIC CTG MA.14
Authors: Allan Lipton, Judy-Anne W. Chapman, Laurence Demers, Lois E. Shepherd, Lei Han, Carolyn F. Wilson, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Kim E. Leitzel, Suhail M. Ali, Michael Pollak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We investigated the association of bone-only relapse with a pretreatment marker of bone resorption: serum beta C-terminal telopeptide (B-CTx) of type I collagen.Pretreatment serum B-CTx concentrations were determined from 621 of 667 patients with primary breast cancer enrolled onto the NCIC CTG MA.14 phase III adjuvant trial of tamoxifen with or without octreotide. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was a secondary end point; the focus here was bone-only relapse. We analyzed continuous or categorical (.71 ng/mL cut point) serum B-CTx in stepwise forward multivariate Cox regression, adjusted for trial stratification factors. We also examined B-CTx and bone relapse by pretrial chemotherapy status.At median 7.9 years follow-up, 123 of 621 patients experienced recurrence; 19 (3.1%) of 621 had bone-only recurrence, and 47 (7.5%) of 621 had bone plus other sites of recurrence. Larger pathologic tumor size (P = .001) and elevated continuous and categorical serum B-CTx were associated with shorter bone-only RFS (both P = .02) when added to a model with factors significant in the main trial analyses (hazard ratio [HR], 3.43 and 3.50, respectively; 95% CI, 1.20 to 9.77 and 1.26 to 9.75, respectively). The univariate HR for B-CTx was 2.80 (95% CI, 1.05 to 7.48; P = .03). Elevated serum B-CTx was also associated with shorter bone-only RFS (P = .02) when added to a model with factors significant in the main trial analyses. Serum B-CTx level was not associated with any other type of recurrence. Serum B-CTx was not significantly different for patients who underwent pretrial chemotherapy, compared with those who did not (P = .27), nor did pretrial chemotherapy affect bone relapse (P = .48 for bone only; P = .76 for bone with other relapse).Higher pretreatment serum B-CTx was a significant predictor of shorter RFS for bone-only metastasis. Increased bone resorption creates an environment that promotes growth of breast cancer cells.
Clinical decison making and knee arthroscopy
Authors: Sarah Derrett, Gayle Walley, Stephen Bridgman, Paula Richards, Nicola Maffulli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Objectives This study aimed to identify decisions made by orthopaedic surgeons about whether patients on a waiting list should proceed to arthroscopy, and to describe surgeons' decisions. Methods Surgeons were asked to think aloud as they made their decisions as the clinical management for patients from a previous randomised controlled trial (RCT) looking at the use of MRI for patients on a waiting list for knee arthroscopy. Audiotapes of the decision making were transcribed for analysis. Results Surgeons agreed about proceeding with arthroscopy for five patients, although reasoning differed. In no cases did surgeons agree about not proceeding to arthroscopy. However, more súrgenos decided not to proceed to arthroscopy than to proceed. Patients with clinically diagnosed with osteoartritis were less likely to be cosen to have arhtroscopy than those with meniscal abnormalities for which the general consensus was to proceed with arthroscopy.. Conclusions There tended to be disagreement between súrgeons about proceeding with arthorscopy when osteoarthritis was diagnosed clinically. Surgeons decisions did not reflect the decision making as reflected in the original RCT. Surgeons' decisions were influenced by patient wishes. For some patients, the decision to proceed with arthroscopy was based solely on clinical diagnosis; MRI may not be advantageous in these instances. This study has implications for decision making in the current NHS patient choice environment. Patients may choose a treatment provider from a list of available providers at time of original clinical assessment and diagnosis. However, the treating surgeon does not necessarily re-examine the patient until the day of surgery. Given the variation between surgeons about the merits of proceeding with arthroscopy, surgeons may end up in the invidious position of providing surgery to patients whom they do not believe will benefit from arthroscopy.
Distinct fates of self-specific T cells developing in irradiation bone marrow chimeras: clonal deletion, clonal anergy, or in vitro responsiveness to self-Mls-1a controlled by hemopoietic cells in the thymus.
Authors: D E Speiser, Y Chvatchko, R M Zinkernagel, H R MacDonald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Elimination of potentially self-reactive T lymphocytes during their maturation in the thymus has been shown to be a major mechanism in accomplishing self-tolerance. Previous reports demonstrated that clonal deletion of self-Mls-1a-specific V beta 6+ T lymphocyte is controlled by a radiosensitive I-E+ thymic component. Irradiation chimeras reconstituted with I-E- bone marrow showed substantial numbers of mature V beta 6+ T cells despite host Mls-1a expression. Analysis of the functional properties of such chimeric T cells revealed a surprising variability in their in vitro reactivity to host Mls-1a, depending on the H-2 haplotype of stem cells used for reconstitution. In chimeras reconstituted with B10.S (H-2s) stem cells, mature V beta 6+ lymphocytes were present but functionally anergic to host-type Mls-1a in vitro. In contrast, in chimeras reconstituted with B10.G (H-2q) bone marrow, nondeleted V beta 6+ cells were highly responsive to Mls-1a in vitro. These findings suggest that clonal anergy of V beta 6+ cells to self-Mls-1a may be controlled by the affinity/avidity of T cell receptor interactions with bone marrow-derived cells in the thymus depending on the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules involved. Furthermore, chimeras bearing host (Mls-1a)-reactive V beta 6+ cells did not differ clinically from those with anergic or deleted V beta 6+ cells and survived more than one year without signs of autoimmune disease. Interestingly, their spleen cells had no Mls-1a stimulatory capacity in vitro. Therefore, regulation at the level of antigen presentation may be an alternative mechanism for maintenance of tolerance to certain self-antigens such as Mls-1a.