tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Random Ciliary Orientation
Authors: Jonathan Rutland, Robbert U. De Iongh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

THE clinical manifestations of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) — recurrent sinopulmonary infection and male sterility — have been attributed to defects in the ultrastructure of the central core (axoneme) of cilia and sperm tails. In the respiratory tract, these structural defects impair ciliary motility and coordination, resulting in reduced mucociliary clearance. Defective ciliary function and structure were first reported as a cause of recurrent respiratory disease by Afzelius and coworkers,1 , 2 who noted decreased ciliary motility in patients with Kartagener's syndrome and suggested the term immotile-cilia syndrome. Subsequent studies of ciliary motility and ultrastructure have revealed a range of patterns of . . .
Association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: population based case-control study
Authors: F. J. de Abajo, L. A. G. Rodriguez, D. Montero
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. <b>Design:</b> Population based case-control study. <b>Setting:</b> General practices included in the UK general practice research database. <b>Subjects:</b> 1651 incident cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and 248 cases of ulcer perforation among patients aged 40 to 79 years between April 1993 and September 1997 and 10 000 controls matched for age, sex, and year that the case was identified. <b>Interventions:</b> Review of computer profiles for all potential cases, and an internal validation study to confirm the accuracy of the diagnosis on the basis of the computerised information. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Current use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other antidepressants within 30 days before the index date. <b>Results:</b> Current exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was identified in 3.1% (52 of 1651) of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding but only 1.0% (95 of 10 000) of controls, giving an adjusted rate ratio of 3.0 (95% confidence interval 2.1 to 4.4). This effect measure was not modified by sex, age, dose, or treatment duration. A crude incidence of 1 case per 8000 prescriptions was estimated. A small association was found with non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (relative risk 1.4, 1.1 to 1.9) but not with antidepressants lacking this inhibitory effect. None of the groups of antidepressants was associated with ulcer perforation. The concurrent use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increased the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding beyond the sum of their independent effects (15.6, 6.6 to 36.6). A smaller interaction was also found between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and low dose aspirin (7.2, 3.1 to 17.1). <b>Conclusions:</b> Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The absolute effect is, however, moderate and about equivalent to low dose ibuprofen. The concurrent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors greatly increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids Are Increased in Nonobese Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Microalbuminuria
Authors: Ataru Taniguchi, Mitsuo Fukushima, Masahiko Sakai, Kenichi Hama, Kenji Sakaguchi, Naofumi Nezumi, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Toshiki Watanabe, Kazunari Matsumoto, Shoichiro Nagasaka, Kumpei Tokuyama, Yoshikatsu Nakai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The major clinical consequence of type 2 diabetes is mortality and morbidity from atherosclerotic vascular disease. The degree of atherosclerosis can be evaluated by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound scan (1). Using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound scan, we recently demonstrated that serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis in nonobese nonhypertensive Japanese type 2 diabetic patients (2). Michaud et al. (3) recently reported that fatty acids enhance lipoprotein lipase (LPL) production in human macrophages. LPL secreted from macrophages is known to contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis (4). Thus, fatty acids are considered to be associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients.

Slightly increased urinary albumin excretion rate, microalbuminuria, is considered as an index of diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria has also been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. An association between microalbuminuria and cardiac disease in type 2 diabetic patients has been demonstrated (5). To the best of our knowledge, however, it remains to be clarified whether type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria have higher concentrations of serum NEFAs than those with normoalbuminuria. In this context, a major problem is that microalbuminuria has been associated with atherosclerotic risk factors, such as high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterol, thus complicating the relation of microalbuminiuria with serum NEFAs (6,7). Moreover, it is well recognized that being overweight or hyperglycemic per se affects microalbuminuria and serum NEFA levels in humans. We therefore recruited nonobese type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria who were carefully matched for BMI, blood pressure, serum lipid level, and fasting glucose to those with normoalbuminuria. This is the first description that serum NEFAs are increased in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic …
Direct Measurement of Multiple Vena Contracta Areas for Assessing the Severity of Mitral Regurgitation Using 3D TEE
Authors: Eiichi Hyodo, Shinichi Iwata, Aylin Tugcu, Kotaro Arai, Kenei Shimada, Takashi Muro, Junichi Yoshikawa, Minoru Yoshiyama, Linda D. Gillam, Rebecca T. Hahn, Marco R. Di Tullio, Shunichi Homma
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
UK leads initiative to drive down cost of drugs in poor countries
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A new organisation is being set up to increase transparency in the regulation, procurement, distribution, and sales of drugs in developing countries. Its objective is to drive the cost of drugs down to levels that patients can afford.

The UK led initiative, called the Medicines Transparency Alliance, has just had its first stakeholder meeting and will be launched in the coming months. It will run pilot projects in up to nine countries. Its aim is to publish information on the amount, quality, and price of drugs in poor countries; to allow patients to see what they should pay and give them confidence in the quality and safety of the drugs; and to create a forum in each pilot country that will bring together patients, doctors, non-governmental organisations, and those involved in supplying drugs.

Hilary Benn, secretary …
Asthma exacerbations during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital malformations: revisiting the association in a large representative cohort
Authors: L. Blais, F.-Z. Kettani, A. Forget, M.-F. Beauchesne, C. Lemiere
Journal: Thorax (2015)

We previously reported an increased prevalence of any congenital malformation among women experiencing moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbations during the first trimester of pregnancy, based on a study in which 90.1% of the cohort of women were social welfare recipients. This study re-examined the association between asthma exacerbations and congenital malformations in a new large representative cohort of asthmatic pregnant women.A cohort of 36 587 pregnancies in asthmatic women was reconstructed from Québec Province administrative databases (1998-2009). Occurrences of asthma exacerbations during the first trimester of pregnancy were assessed and categorised into severe, moderate and no such exacerbations. For comparison, we also considered moderate and severe asthma exacerbations combined. Congenital malformations were identified using diagnoses recorded in the hospitalisation database. Generalised estimation equations were used to estimate adjusted ORs of congenital malformations.The prevalence of any congenital malformation was 19.1%, 11.7% and 12.0% among women with severe, moderate and no such exacerbations during the first trimester, respectively. The adjusted OR for all malformations was 1.64 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.64) when women with severe exacerbations were compared with those in the reference group, while no association was seen for moderate exacerbations. Also, no association was observed between cases of moderate and severe asthma exacerbations combined and any congenital malformation.Only severe asthma exacerbations were found to significantly increase the risk of congenital malformations in this representative study. Previous studies possibly overestimated the risk because they were based mainly on women at a lower socioeconomic status.
Acute Sensorineural Deafness in Lassa Fever
Authors: David Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A prospective audiometric evaluation of 69 hospitalized febrile patients in Sierra Leone, West Africa, revealed a sensorineural hearing deficit (SNHD) in 14 (29%) of 49 confirmed cases of Lassa fever and in 0 of 20 febrile controls. An SNHD was present in nine (17.6%) of 51 people who had evidence of previous Lassa virus infection. Twenty-six of 32 local residents who had previously sustained a sudden deafness had antibody titers to Lassa virus of 16 or greater, compared with six of 32 matched controls. Lassa fever is associated with an incidence of SNHD, which considerably exceeds that previously reported with any other postnatally acquired infection, and accounts for a prevalence of virus-related hearing impairment in the eastern province of Sierra Leone that is greater than that reported from anywhere else in the world. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2093-2096)
Economic Sanctions and Embargoes
Authors: Soheir A. Morsy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters15 August 2000Economic Sanctions and EmbargoesSoheir A. Morsy, PhDSoheir A. Morsy, PhDWashington, DC 20016 (Morsy)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Hans von Sponeck, the former United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq, predicted that in 20 years, universities in the United States will be using the sanctions on Iraq as an example of how not to pursue foreign policy. The publication of articles on the effects (1) and rationalization (2) of embargoes on Cuba and Iraq holds promise of accelerating realization of von Sponeck's vision.Morin and Miles (3) provide a welcome departure from ethical neutrality toward moral responsibility in international health scholarship. Madeleine Albright's editorial (2) is essentially an exercise in personalized blame and elaboration of her ...References1. Barry M. Effect of the U.S. embargo and economic decline on health in Cuba. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:151-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Morin K, Miles SH. The health effects of economic sanctions and embargoes: the role of health professionals. Ethics and Human Rights Committee. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:158-61. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Albright MK. Economic sanctions and public health: a view from the Department of State [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:155-7. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Cruise Missiles: Proven Capability Should Affect Aircraft and Force Structure Requirements. Document 95-116. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office; 1995. Google Scholar5. El-Bayoumi A. Sanctions, strikes and oil for food: humanitarianism of the “new” world order. AAUG Monitor. 2000;15:10-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, DC 20016 (Morsy) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Health Effects of Economic Sanctions and Embargoes: The Role of Health Professionals Karine Morin , Steven H. Miles , and Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Anthony F. Kirkpatrick Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Richard Garfield Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Natalia Ganson-Myshkin Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Michèle Barry Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Michael Brumage Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Ken Freeland Economic Sanctions and Embargoes David P. Hickey Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Leila Richards Metrics 15 August 2000Volume 133, Issue 4Page: 309-310KeywordsChild healthChildrenExerciseFactor analysisGlobal healthMedical servicesSpecificityVision ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
TCT-811 Stem Cell Viability Significantly Reduced After Passing Through a Standard Single Lumen Over-the-Wire 0.014" Balloon Angioplasty Catheter
Authors: Nabil Dib, Robert E. Kohler, John P. Abraham, Brian D. Plourde, Dillon Schwalbach, DeAnn Dana, Bret J. Baird, Todd R. Flower, Lester Myers, Katherine Hunkler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Associations of estradiol and testosterone with serum phosphorus in older men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study
Authors: Jerry Meng, Claes Ohlsson, Gail A. Laughlin, Michel Chonchol, Christina L. Wassel, Osten Ljunggren, Magnus K. Karlsson, Dan Mellstrom, Eric S. Orwoll, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Joachim H. Ix
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Significance of FAB subclassification of “acute myeloid leukemia, NOS” in the 2008 WHO classification: analysis of 5848 newly diagnosed patients
Authors: Roland B. Walter, Megan Othus, Alan K. Burnett, Bob Löwenberg, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Robert K. Hills, Kees G. M. van Montfort, Farhad Ravandi, Anna Evans, Sherry R. Pierce, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Elihu H. Estey
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse: The Slow Response and Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: BORYS SURAWICZ
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<i>Electrophysiology of the Heart</i>by B. Hoffman and P. Cranefield is already 15 years old but as yet no successors or competitors have challenged the dominant role of this basic textbook. The new Cranefield makes no pretense to alter this status by serving as an updated comprehensive textbook of cardiac electrophysiology à la Hoffman and Cranefield. The new text is more limited in scope, more probing, and much more similar to a monograph. Hoffman's absence does not mean the dissolution of the productive partnership because Hoffman did play an active role in the initial phase of experiments that form the background of this book. Wit and others also collaborated in these studies, which were begun in the late sixties, with an aim to create new models of experimental arrhythmias. These experiments revealed many previously unobserved phenomena and brought to light some puzzling meanderings of cardiac impulse through fragments of depressed
Ultrasonic tissue characterization: detection of acute myocardial ischemia in dogs.
Authors: I Schnittger, A Vieli, J E Heiserman, B A Director, M E Billingham, S G Ellis, R S Kernoff, T Takamoto, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Ultrasonic tissue characterization is a new area of investigation in the field of cardiac ultrasound. The amplitude and frequency of the ultrasound signal are normally altered as the signal penetrates through tissue. It is assumed that the amplitude distribution and frequency shift of diseased or edematous tissue are different than those of normal tissue. A statistical approach to the analysis of the unprocessed radiofrequency signal in the amplitude domain was used to study the effect of acute myocardial ischemia on the parameter mean amplitude/standard deviation of the amplitude (MSR). Ten dogs were anesthetized and underwent left lateral thoracotomy. Baseline mean MSR from the interventricular septum was 1.99 +/- 0.05, but increased by 30 min after coronary artery occlusion and started to plateau at 1 hr (mean 2.24 +/- 0.06). Reproducibility in noninfarcted myocardium (left ventricular inferoposterior wall) was good, with a mean MSR of 2.00 +/- 0.05 at baseline and 1.98 +/- 0.04 3 to 4 hr later. There was no difference in mean MSR when data were obtained through chest wall and when they were obtained directly from the surface of the heart. We conclude that statistical analysis in the amplitude domain of the unprocessed radiofrequency signal can detect acute myocardial ischemia within 30 min after coronary artery occlusion, provides reproducible measurements, and is unaffected by chest wall filtering.
Sociodemographic variations in the contribution of secondary drug prevention to stroke survival at middle and older ages: cohort study
Authors: R. Raine, W. Wong, G. Ambler, S. Hardoon, I. Petersen, R. Morris, M. Bartley, D. Blane
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine the extent to which secondary drug prevention for patients with stroke in routine primary care varies by sex, age, and socioeconomic circumstances, and to quantify the effect of secondary drug prevention on one year mortality by sociodemographic group. <b>Design</b> Cohort study using individual patient data from the health improvement network primary care database. <b>Setting</b> England. <b>Participants</b> 12 830 patients aged 50 or more years from 113 general practices who had a stroke between 1995 and 2005 and who survived the first 30 days after the stroke. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Multivariable associations between odds of receiving secondary prevention after a stroke, and sex, age group, and socioeconomic circumstances; hazard ratios for all cause mortality from 31 days after the stroke and within the first year among patients receiving treatment and by social group; and probabilities of one year mortality for social factors of interest and treatment. <b>Results</b> Only 25.6% of men and 20.8% of women received secondary prevention. Receipt of secondary prevention did not vary by socioeconomic circumstances or by sex. Older patients were, however, substantially less likely to receive treatment. The adjusted odds ratio for 80-89 year olds compared with 50-59 year olds was 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.41 to 0.69). This was because older people were less likely to receive lipid lowering drugs—for example, the adjusted odds ratio for 80-89 year olds compared with 50-59 year olds was 0.44 (95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.59). Secondary prevention was associated with a 50% reduction in mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 59). On average, mortality within the first year was 5.7% for patients receiving treatment compared with 11.1% for patients not receiving treatment. There was little evidence that the effect of treatment differed between the social groups examined. <b>Conclusion</b> Under-treatment among older people with stroke in routine primary care cannot be justified given the lack of evidence on variations in effectiveness of treatment by age.
Opioid Prescriptions for Chronic Nonmalignant Pain
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Cross-cultural differences in norm enforcement
Authors: Simon Gächter, Benedikt Herrmann, Christian Thöni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

We argue that the lack of large cross-cultural differences in many games with student subjects from developed countries may be due to the nature of the games studied. These games tap primarily basic psychological reactions, like fairness and reciprocity. Once we look at norm-enforcement, in particular punishment, we find large differences even among culturally rather homogeneous student groups from developed countries.
Induction of Cardiogenesis in Embryonic Stem Cells via Downregulation of Notch1 Signaling
Authors: Mohamed Nemir, Adrien Croquelois, Thierry Pedrazzini, Freddy Radtke
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Embryonic stem cells represent an attractive source of cardiomyocytes for cell-replacement therapies. However, before embryonic stem cells can be successfully used for the treatment of cardiac diseases, the precise molecular mechanisms that underlie their cardiogenic differentiation must be identified. A network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulates embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation into a variety of different cell lineages. Here, we show that Notch signaling takes place in some but not all embryonic stem cells and that the Notch pathway is shut down during the course of differentiation concomitantly with downregulation of Notch receptor and ligand expression. Moreover, gain- and loss-of-function experiments for Notch signaling components show that this pathway is a crucial regulator of cardiomyocyte differentiation within ES cells. Differentiation of ES cells into cardiomyocytes is favored by inactivation of the Notch1 receptor, whereas endogenous Notch signaling promotes differentiation of ES cells into the neuronal lineage. We conclude that Notch signaling influences the cell fate decision between mesodermal and the neuroectodermal cell fates during embryonic stem cell differentiation. These findings should help to optimize the production of specific cell types via modulation of the Notch pathways and, in particular, to improve the production of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
Preparation, sedation, and monitoring
Authors: D. Yu, L. Hookey
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Pulse oximetry has become the standard of care for the detection of hypoxemia during endoscopic procedures, despite the fact that significant alveolar hypoventilation may be undetected by measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SPO2), particularly when supplemental oxygen is administered. Exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring (capnography), may be a better option for respiratory depression in all patients who receive sedation, especially deep sedation. Recommendations from the American Society of Anesthesiologists suggest that monitoring for apnea using capnography is a useful adjunct in the assessment of ventilatory status of patients undergoing sedation and analgesia [2].
Book Review The War of the Soups and the Sparks: The Discovery of Neurotransmitters and the Dispute over How Nerves Communicate By Elliot S. Valenstein. 237 pp., illustrated. New York, Columbia University Press, 2005. $31. 0-231-13588-2
Authors: Charles B. Nemeroff, Elizabeth I. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
IS SAME DAY DISCHARGE SAFE IN ELECTIVE PCI? RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Michael C. Kim, Paul Muntner, Eyal S. Levy, Devin Mann, James W. Choi, Michael Farkouh, Samin Sharma, Jason Kovacic, Prakash Krishnan, Roxana Mehran, Jose Wiley, Pedro Moreno, Annapoorna Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)