tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Molecular Risk Stratification
Authors: Krishna V. Komanduri, Ross L. Levine
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2015)

The diagnosis and risk stratification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) primarily rely on morphologic analysis and assessment of karyotype by chromosome banding analysis. For decades, standard AML induction therapy has utilized the combination of anthracyclines and cytarabine. Despite the use of postremission therapy, less than half of patients with AML will be cured of their disease. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combines cytoreductive chemotherapy with adoptive immunotherapy and may cure patients who fail chemotherapy alone. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have yielded important insights into the molecular landscape of AML with normal karyotype. Integrated prognostic models incorporating somatic mutation analyses may outperform prediction based on conventional clinical and cytogenetic factors alone. We review the evolution of risk profiling of AML from the cytogenetic to molecular era and describe the implications for AML diagnosis and postremission therapy.
Long-term Use of Aspirin and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Andrew T. Chan
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ECENT RANDOMIZED INTERVENtion trials have demonstrated that regular use of aspirin in patients with a history of colorectal adenoma or cancer reduces the risk of recurrent adenoma within 1 to 3 years. 1-3However, whether aspirin similarly reduces risk of colorectal cancer and, if so, the necessary dose and duration of use, remain unclear.Although short-term aspirin use appears effective in reducing risk of adenoma, 2 randomized trials of aspirin that have specifically examined colorectal cancer as an outcome did not demonstrate a benefit after 5 or 10 years. 4,52][3][4][5] Finally, it remains uncertain whether nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which share several underlying mechanisms with aspirin, exert a similar antineoplastic benefit.Thus, we prospectively examined the influence of aspirin and NSAIDs on the risk of colorectal cancer in a large cohort of women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study.This cohort, which provides detailed and updated information on aspirin use, permitted a more comprehensive examination of the effect of longterm aspirin use at a wide range of doses on the primary prevention of sporadic
Ayerza's Disease, Silicosis, and Pulmonary Bilharziasis
Authors: H. Tidy
Journal: BMJ (1949)

<h3>Background</h3> NAFLD and sarcopenia are common diseases affecting adult populations, constituting a major healthcare burden. The aim of this observational study is to explore associations between sarcopenia, NAFLD and stiffness, and to provide insights on prevention strategies targeted at these diseases. <h3>Methods</h3> Subjects between 20-60 years were recruited from NHANES 2017–2018; those with alcohol abuse, underlying liver diseases and pregnancy were excluded. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was applied for the measurement of appendicular lean mass (ALM). Sarcopenia was defined as a ratio of ALM/BMI below 0.789 for male, and 0.512 for female. NAFLD was determined using liver ultrasound transient elastography. Subjects with control attenuation parameter (CAP), which is an index for fatty liver severity, was categorized into no NAFLD (CAP&lt;248 dB/m), mild (248&lt;CAP&lt;268dB/m), moderate (248&lt; CAP &lt;268dB/m), and severe (&gt;268 dB/m). Stiffness was examined simultaneously with cut-off values of 8.2, 9.7, and 13.6 Kpa. Student’s t-test was performed to detect differences between groups; univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were conducted to determine associations between sarcopenia, CAP and stiffness with adjustment of covariates (gender, age, ethnicity, tobacco use, BMI, educational level and average household income) when applicable. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 3,510 subjects were included in the final analysis. Subjects with sarcopenia (n=669); subjects with NAFLD (no:1584, mild: 257, moderate:187, severe:834); subject with stiffness (no: 2719, mild: 58, moderate: 47, severe: 38). For male with and without sarcopenia, mean CAP difference between was 5.33 (<i>p</i>&lt;0.001); mean stiffness difference was 1.89 (<i>p</i> =0.06). For female, mean CAP difference between was 6.19 (<i>p</i> &lt;0.001); whereas no significance was found in stiffness. Linear regression showed that ALM/BMI and CAP were negatively associated in all subjects, and subjects with no and severe NAFLD (all <i>p</i>-values &lt;0.001) before and after adjustment. No association was found for stiffness among study subjects. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study demonstrated that adults with sarcopenia may have a higher risk of developing NAFLD and stiffness, indicating a new perspective on the early identification of high-risk populations.
Association between clinical complete response and pathological complete response after preoperative chemoradiation in patients with gastroesophageal cancer: analysis in a large cohort
Authors: N.K.S. Cheedella, A. Suzuki, L. Xiao, W.L. Hofstetter, D.M. Maru, T. Taketa, K. Sudo, M.A. Blum, S.H. Lin, J. Welch, J.H. Lee, M.S. Bhutani, D.C. Rice, A.A. Vaporciyan, S.G. Swisher, J.A. Ajani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Identification of Recurrent <i>FGFR3–TACC3</i> Fusion Oncogenes from Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Marzia Capelletti, Michael E. Dodge, Dalia Ercan, Peter S. Hammerman, Seung-Il Park, Jhingook Kim, Hidefumi Sasaki, David M. Jablons, Doron Lipson, Lauren Young, Phil J. Stephens, Vincent A. Miller, Neal I. Lindeman, Kiara J. Munir, William G. Richards, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Targetable oncogenic alterations are detected more commonly in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who never smoked cigarettes. For such patients, specific kinase inhibitors have emerged as effective clinical treatments. However, the currently known oncogenic alterations do not account for all never smokers who develop NSCLC. We sought to identify additional oncogenic alterations from patients with NSCLC to define additional treatment options.We analyzed 576 lung adenocarcinomas from patients of Asian and Caucasian ethnicity. We identified a subset of cancers that did not harbor any known oncogenic alteration. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay on 24 patients from this set with >75% tumor cell content.EGFR mutations were the most common oncogenic alteration from both Asian (53%) and Caucasian (41.6%) patients. No known oncogenic alterations were present in 25.7% of Asian and 31% of Caucasian tumor specimens. We identified a FGFR3-TACC3 fusion event in one of 24 patients from this subset using targeted NGS. Two additional patients harboring FGFR3-TACC3 were identified by screening our entire cohort (overall prevalence, 0.5%). Expression of FGFR3-TACC3 led to IL3 independent growth in Ba/F3 cells. These cells were sensitive to pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (pan-FGFR) inhibitors but not the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib.FGFR3-TACC3 rearrangements occur in a subset of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Such patients should be considered for clinical trials featuring FGFR inhibitors.
Exclusion of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection with the T-SPOTTM.TB assay
Authors: R. M. L. van Leeuwen, A. W. J. Bossink, S. F. T. Thijsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The present brief report describes four cases with mycobacterial infection and negative T-SPOT TM . TB tests. This test proved to be a useful tool to help rule out the diagnosis of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and could therefore prevent unnecessary or inappropriate therapy.
Electrophysiologic Studies in Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: R A Freedman, K P Anderson, J W Mason
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1986)

Invasive electrophysiologic studies are used to guide drug and non-pharmacologic therapy, including surgery, in patients with ventricular tachycardia. We discuss the indications, methods, and results of electrophysiologic studies in these patients. Both catheter and intraoperative studies are described. This approach to patients with ventricular tachycardia is contrasted to the approach using noninvasive electrocardiographic monitoring.
The high-mobility group protein B1–Toll-like receptor 4 pathway contributes to the acute lung injury induced by bilateral nephrectomy
Authors: Kent Doi, Tomoko Ishizu, Maki Tsukamoto-Sumida, Takahiro Hiruma, Tetsushi Yamashita, Emi Ogasawara, Yoshifumi Hamasaki, Naoki Yahagi, Masaomi Nangaku, Eisei Noiri
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Abnormal Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Schizophrenia With Primary Negative Symptoms During an Effortful Auditory Recognition Task
Authors: Adrienne C. Lahti, Henry H. Holcomb, Deborah R. Medoff, Martin A. Weiler, Carol A. Tamminga, William T. Carpenter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Using functional brain imaging, the authors sought to replicate their earlier finding of low metabolism in the middle frontal and inferior parietal cortices of schizophrenic patients with primary negative symptoms. METHOD: According to the presence or absence of enduring negative symptoms, patients with schizophrenia were classified as having deficit or nondeficit schizophrenia, respectively. Twelve normal volunteers and 18 drug-free schizophrenic volunteers (deficit, N=8; nondeficit, N=10) were trained in a tone discrimination task. They were trained to perform with 70%–80% accuracy and were then scanned with positron emission tomography with [15O]H2O during three conditions: rest, sensory-motor control task, and decision task. RESULTS: Levels of performance of the auditory recognition task were similar in the three groups. An initial hypothesis-driven analysis revealed that across tasks the deficit group failed to show significant activation in the middle frontal cortex. This was in contrast to both the normal volunteers and nondeficit patients. When the patient groups were contrasted, the deficit patients showed significantly less activation in the middle frontal cortex bilaterally during the control task and in the right middle frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex during the decision task. An exploratory analysis contrasting deficit and nondeficit patients across conditions did not reveal further differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study replicated the finding of low activation in the middle frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex in deficit schizophrenia. This deficit was observed without performance confound and may provide a marker of primary negative symptoms and a target for new therapies.
Serum prolactin in liver disease and its relationship to gynaecomastia.
Authors: M Y Morgan, A W Jakobovits, M B Gore, M R Wills, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1978)

Serum immunoreactive prolactin was measured in 150 patients with liver disease of varying aetiology and severity and in 45 control subjects. The upper limit of the reference range for serum prolactin was 331 mU/l. Eighteen patients with liver disease (12%) had unexplained hyperprolactinaemia. No relationship existed between the prolactin value and the sex of the patient, the aetiology of the liver disease, the severity of the liver disease, or the presence of gynaecomastia. The cause of the hyperprolactinaemia in patients with liver disease and its clinical implications need further investigation.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Schizophrenia
Authors: Douglas Turkington, David Kingdon, Peter J. Weiden
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

OBJECTIVE: A growing body of evidence supports the use of cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia. A course of cognitive behavior therapy, added to the antipsychotic regimen, is now considered to be an appropriate standard of care in the United Kingdom. The objective of this article is to offer a broad perspective on the subject of cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia for the American reader. METHOD: The authors summarize current practice and data supporting the use of cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia. RESULTS: Five aspects of cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia are addressed: 1) evidence from randomized clinical trials, 2) currently accepted core techniques, 3) similarities to and differences from other psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia, 4) differences between the United States and United Kingdom in implementation, and 5) current directions of research. CONCLUSIONS: The strength of the evidence supporting cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia suggests that this technique should have more attention and support in the United States.
Prognostic factors for survival after complete resections of synchronous lung cancers in multiple lobes: pooled analysis based on individual patient data
Authors: T. Tanvetyanon, D.J. Finley, T. Fabian, M. Riquet, L. Voltolini, C. Kocaturk, W.J. Fulp, R.J. Cerfolio, B.J. Park, L.A. Robinson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Abnormal LDIflare but Normal Quantitative Sensory Testing and Dermal Nerve Fiber Density in Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Singhan T.M. Krishnan, Cristian Quattrini, Maria Jeziorska, Rayaz A. Malik, Gerry Rayman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Abnormal small nerve fiber function may be an early feature of diabetic neuropathy and may also underlie painful symptoms. Methods for assessing small-fiber damage include quantitative sensory testing (QST) and determining intraepidermal nerve fiber density. We recently described a reproducible physiological technique, the LDIflare, which assesses small-fiber function and thus may reflect early dysfunction before structural damage. The value of this technique in painful neuropathy was assessed by comparing it with QST and dermal nerve fiber density (NFD).Fifteen healthy control subjects, 10 subjects with type 2 diabetes and painful neuropathy (PFN), and 12 subjects with type 2 diabetes and painless neuropathy (PLN) were studied. LDIflare and QST were performed on the dorsum of the foot, and dermal NFD was determined.Results of both large- and small-fiber quantitative sensory tests were abnormal in patients with PLN but not those with PFN compared with control subjects. Dermal NFD was also significantly reduced in the PLN group compared with control subjects (205.8 +/- 165.3 vs. 424.9 +/- 176.3 [mean +/- SD]; P = 0.003) but not in the PFN group (307.6 +/- 164.5). In contrast, the LDIflare (square centimeters) was reduced in both PFN (1.59 +/- 0.41) and PLN (1.51 +/- 0.56) groups compared with control subjects (4.38 +/- 1.4) (P < 0.001 for both). NFD correlated significantly with the LDIflare (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001).The LDIflare demonstrated impaired small-fiber function in patients with PFN when other assessments revealed no abnormality. We believe that this method has potential diagnostic value, particularly because it is noninvasive, has excellent reproducibility, and correlates with NFD. Furthermore, it may have an important role in assessing preventative therapies in early neuropathy.
Increased Microvascular Reactivity and Improved Mortality in Septic Mice Lacking Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Steven M. Hollenberg, Marque Broussard, Jailan Osman, Joseph E. Parrillo
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Persistent vasodilation characteristic of septic shock may result from overproduction of nitric oxide and can lead to pressor-refractory hypotension and death. To evaluate the significance of cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pathogenesis of sepsis, we used a clinically relevant mouse model of sepsis and compared mortality and microvascular reactivity in wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic mice deficient in iNOS. WT C57BL/6 and iNOS-deficient mice were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture. Treated mice were given fluids and antibiotics every 6 hours. Microvascular vasoconstriction in response to topical norepinephrine was measured in cremasteric arterioles (15 to 30 μm) by videomicroscopy. Mortality at 48 hours was significantly lower in treated septic iNOS-deficient mice (45%) than in treated septic WT mice (76%), untreated septic iNOS-deficient mice (87%), or untreated WT mice (100%) ( P &lt;0.01). Norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was decreased in WT septic mice (EC 50 200±56 nmol/L) compared with WT and iNOS-deficient shams (16±4 and 13±6 nmol/L), and vasoconstriction was significantly improved in septic iNOS-deficient mice (35±13 nmol/L, P &lt;0.01). Microvascular catecholamine responsiveness and survival were improved in iNOS-deficient mice in a clinically relevant model of sepsis, suggesting that iNOS plays an important, but not exclusive, role in refractory vasodilation in patients with septic shock.
Antinuclear, antinucleolar, and anticytoplasmic antibodies in patients with malignant melanoma.
Authors: Phili DDe J. Thomas, Judith S. Kaur, Carol T. Aitcheson, William A. Robinson, Eng M. Tan
Journal: Cancer Research (1983)

Immunofluorescence was used to examine antibodies to cellular antigens in the sera of patients with malignant melanoma. Sera from 60 melanoma patients and from 33 control individuals (13 normal subjects and 20 disease controls) were studied. Ninety % of the melanoma sera were found to have antinuclear antibodies when epithelial cell lines or melanoma lines were used as substrates for their detection, compared to 18% in the control group. Antinucleolar antibodies and anticytoplasmic antibodies were present in 32 and 17%, respectively, in malignant melanoma but none in the controls. Antinuclear and antinucleolar antibodies could be classified into different types according to different patterns of staining and susceptibility of antigens to digestion with DNase, RNase, and trypsin. Certain types of antibodies, such as those showing granular nuclear staining, appeared to be associated with less advanced stages of malignant melanoma, whereas those showing nucleolar and large speckled nuclear staining were associated with more advanced stages of the disease.
Natriuretic peptide B receptor and C-type natriuretic peptide in the rat kidney.
Authors: A Lohe, I Yeh, T Hyver, R Pratt, R Jamison
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Natriuretic peptide receptor B (ANP-RGC(B)) has been previously identified in the kidney. It binds C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) with high affinity and the two other natriuretic peptides (atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide) with low affinity, and mediates the biological effects of CNP. The purpose of this investigation was to identify sites of ANP-RGC(B) mRNA in the rat renal tubule and to confirm that CNP itself is synthesized in the rat kidney. Kidneys from male Sprague-Dawley rats were removed and divided into cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. Using reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction techniques, ANP-RGC(B) mRNA was identified in the three principal regions of the kidney. Individual glomeruli and segments of the renal tubule were microdissected and subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. ANP-RGC(B) mRNA was regularly found (>60% of animals) in glomeruli, distal convoluted tubule, and cortical, outer medullary, and inner medullary tubules but not in the proximal convoluted tubule, proximal straight tubule, thin or medullary thick ascending limb. ANP-RGC(B) mRNA was also identified in outer medullary descending vasa recta. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and natriuretic peptide A receptor mRNA were present in all segments. In a separate study, CNP mRNA was identified in whole kidney, cortex, and medulla. These findings confirm that CNP and its receptor are present in the rat kidney. The proximity of the ligand and receptor suggests that CNP may have paracrine or autocrine regulatory functions in the rat kidney.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Peripheral Artery Disease as a Manifestation of Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and Practical Implications”
Authors: David F. Briceno, Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee, Emilio Supsupin, Patricia Navarro, Modushudan Bhattacharjee
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Therapeutic targeting of the BCR-associated protein CD79b in a TCR-based approach is hampered by aberrant expression of CD79b
Authors: Lorenz Jahn, Pleun Hombrink, Chopie Hassan, Michel G. D. Kester, Dirk M. van der Steen, Renate S. Hagedoorn, J. H. Frederik Falkenburg, Peter A. van Veelen, Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk
Journal: Blood (2014)
Determinants of delayed gastric emptying in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
Authors: P H Robinson, M Clarke, J Barrett
Journal: Gut (1988)

Gastric emptying was measured using a gamma camera in 22 patients with anorexia nervosa, in 10 patients of normal or high weight with bulimia nervosa and in 10 controls. Patients with anorexia nervosa were tested (1) while underweight and selecting their own diet (10 patients); (2) underweight, but receiving an adequate diet on an inpatient unit (refeeding diet) (12 patients); and (3) under refeeding diet conditions after weight gain (eight patients). Three meals, each labelled with technetium 99m-sulphur colloid, 3.7 MBq were used: (1) a mixed solid meal containing labelled poached egg; (2) 200 ml d-glucose solution, 0.5 kcal/ml, and (3) 200 ml physiological saline. Only gastric emptying rates of the solid meal and glucose solution were significantly delayed. Gastric emptying of saline was normal. The gastric disturbance was confined to patients with anorexia nervosa selecting their own diet. Patients receiving adequate nutrition on the ward had normal gastric emptying and weight gain in this group had no significant effect on emptying. Slow emptying was observed in patients who maintained a low weight solely by food restriction as well as in patients whose anorexia nervosa was complicated by episodes of bulimia. Thus, slow gastric emptying occurred when the quantity of food reaching the duodenum was sufficiently reduced to result in severe weight loss. Moreover, abnormal gastric emptying was seen only after the two meals that contained calories and were hypertonic to plasma, either of which properties could mediate the disturbance. Gastric emptying in bulimia nervosa was normal. Slow gastric emptying could exacerbate undereating in starving patients with anorexia nervosa by enhancing satiety.