tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential baroreflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance in rabbits. Relative role of carotid, aortic, and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors.
Authors: G B Guo, M D Thames, F M Abboud
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

We assessed the relative roles of aortic (ABR), carotid sinus (CBR), and vagal cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in the reflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance during changes in arterial blood pressure. Injections of phenylephrine (PE) and nitroglycerin (NG) were given intravenously to anesthetized rabbits (chloralose-urethane). Reflex, heart rate responses were impaired significantly by denervation (X) of either CBR or ABR. In contrast, reflex vascular responses in the hindlimb (perfused at constant blood flow) were preserved except for a slight impairment of reflex vasoconstriction after ABRX. Vagotomy with intact CBR and ABR impaired only the reflex bradycardia. After vagotomy, neither CBRX nor ABRX altered significantly the reflex heart rate or vascular responses except, again, for an impairment of reflex vasoconstriction after ABRX. Combined CBRX and ABRX eliminated all reflex responses except for a small bradycardia and a biphasic change in perfusion pressure (constrictor-dilator) during PE. Vagotomy eliminated the bradycardia and the dilator phase; the constrictor phase persisted and was abolished by lumbar sympathectomy. The results indicate that (1) reflex control of heart rate may be impaired when reflex control of hindlimb resistance is preserved; thus reflex changes in heart rate may not be used as a reliable index of the integrity of arterial baroreceptor control of the total circulation; (2) one set of arterial baroreceptors does not compensate for the absence of the other with respect to activation of vagal neurons; in contrast, one set of baroreceptors compensates fully for the absence of the other with respect to inhibition of sympathetic neurons; (3) cardiopulmonary and other baroreceptors contribute minimally to reflex responses only during large PE-induced increases in arterial pressure.
Serological investigations in retrospective diagnosis of malaria.
Authors: C C Draper, S S Sirr
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Sera were obtained in 415 known cases of malaria (88 residents, 327 immigrants) at different times after diagnosis. Three antigens were used in the indirect fluorscence antibody test to detect antibodies to either Plasmodium falciparum or P vivax. Results in residents and immigrants were analysed separately. Most residents had detectable antibodies within one week after an attack, which began to wane after a month. The strongest reactions were obtained in cases of falciparum malaria with the homologous antigen and in cases of vivax malaria with P fieldi. The overall pattern of results was the same in the immigrants but the proportions positive for malaria antibodies, mean titres, persistence of antibodies, and the cross-reaction were usually greater. Testing for malaria antibodies is probably of value in the retrospective differential diagnosis of malaria in patients who have not been exposed to malaria before but must be interpreted with caution in others.
Paediatric Respiratory Examination: C O'Callaghan, W Stannard. Leicester, UK: OCB Media, 2001, pound49.95 (students pound25.00). ISBN 190403906
Authors: K Tan
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Tattersfield et al 1 and Walsh et al 2 offer important information about the possible adverse affects of corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD).Tattersfield and her colleagues reported no change in BMD with inhaled corticosteroids for mild asthma, while Walsh et al found a dose related increase in the incidence of fractures in those taking oral corticosteroids.We would like to report our study of BMD in patients with airways disease, which reinforces these findings and highlights men as being particularly at risk.We prospectively studied 100 consecutive outpatients (44 men) with steroid responsive airways disease.The formulation and cumulative dose of corticosteroid was recorded in each individual, together with all prescribed prophylaxis for osteoporosis.Bone mineral density was measured in the non-dominant forearm.We found no relationship between inhaled corticosteroid dose and BMD.Mean BMD was significantly reduced in those on oral as opposed to inhaled steroids.In men the mean Z scores for those on inhaled and oral corticosteroids were 0.1 and -0.6, respectively (p=0.07), while women had mean Z scores of 0.5 and -0.3 for inhaled and oral corticosteroids, respectively (p=0.016).Our patient numbers were insufficient to confirm a dose response.The surprising result was that men were more likely to meet the WHO criteria for osteoporosis than women (25% v 12.5%).This result is explained at least in part by the use of prophylaxis which was prescribed to 21 women but to only two men.Of those on regular oral steroids, only 5.5% of men received prophylaxis compared with 62.5% of women.Similar results have been reported in other chronic diseases, with a greater reduction in BMD being reported in men with cystic fibrosis. 3 Unfortunately it appears to have been assumed that men are protected from osteoporosis by virtue of their gender.When chronic disease is treated with oral corticosteroids, both men and women are equally at risk of osteoporosis and all should be considered for prophylaxis.
Anaphylaxis From An Indian Necklace
Authors: Stephen D. Lockey
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The castor bean, the seed of<i>Ricinus communis</i>, is one of the most potent of the antigens that cause anaphylactic type of hypersensitivity in man.<sup>1</sup>Usually patients encounter the antigen at their work<sup>2,3</sup>or by living in the vicinity of castor bean processing plants,<sup>4-6</sup>but this patient's contact with the bean was in an exotic way. The source of the allergic symptoms went unrecognized until she had an acute, severe reaction. <h3>Report of a Case:</h3> A 21-year-old woman student was admitted to the University Hospitals because facial itching and swelling of her eyelids suddenly developed. Approximately one half hour before the patient arrived at the emergency room she had itching of her eyes and tearing immediately after one of the seed beads of a necklace she was wearing crumbled in her fingers. After attempting to remove the powder of the bead from her fingers
The Dermatology Life Quality Index 1994-2007: a comprehensive review of validation data and clinical results
Authors: M.K.A. Basra, R. Fenech, R.M. Gatt, M.S. Salek, A.Y. Finlay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article The Dermatology Life Quality Index 1994–2007: a comprehensive review of validation data and clinical results Get access M.K.A. Basra, M.K.A. Basra Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K. Correspondence: Mohammad K.A. Basra. E‐mail: drkhurshid69@hotmail.com; FinlayAY@cf.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Fenech, R. Fenech Centre for Socioeconomic Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. Gatt, R.M. Gatt Centre for Socioeconomic Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.S. Salek, M.S. Salek Centre for Socioeconomic Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.Y. Finlay A.Y. Finlay Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 5, 1 November 2008, Pages 997–1035, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08832.x Published: 01 November 2008
Review: Androgen deprivation therapy does not increase CV mortality in prostate cancer
Authors: Steven E. Canfield, Philipp Dahm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Nguyen PL, Je Y, Schutz FA, et al. Association of androgen deprivation therapy with cardiovascular death in patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2011;306:2359-66. 22147380
The Facts of Life: The Creation of Sexual Knowledge in Britain, 1650-1950
Authors: J. Bancroft
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Roy Porter, Lesley Hall Yale University Press, £19.95, pp 415 ISBN 0 300 06221 4

The enforced resignation of the US Surgeon General, at the end of last year, for implying that masturbation is part of normal sexuality is the most recent example of the social taboos that surround that topic. Masturbation is one of the themes of Porter and Hall's fascinating book on the history of information about sex. Not only has this commonplace behaviour attracted some of the most bizarre and distorted examples of medical propaganda but the campaigns against it have been at their most …
New Osteoporosis Therapies Appear Closer
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PROGRESS toward the development of new therapies for osteoporosis was reported at the Second International Conference on Research Advances in Osteoporosis, in Arlington, Va, sponsored by the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, and the National Institutes of Health. Among the treatments showing promise in clinical trials are diphosphonates and a nasal-spray form of calcitonin. Preliminary findings from a yet unpublished study, suggesting that a new, combined hormone therapy may actually increase spinal bone density in osteoporotic women, also were reported. While calcitonin-salmon (Calcimar, manufactured by Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, Pa) is currently approved for the treatment of established osteoporosis where estrogen is contraindicated, it is not used for prevention because it requires regular injections. In a controlled study conducted by Claus Christiansen, MD, Glostrup (Denmark) Hospital, involving 37 women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis, a new, nasal-spray form of the drug has been shown to
Role of radical cations in aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis.
Authors: E Cavalieri, E Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Carcinogenic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) involves two main pathways: one-electron oxidation and monooxygenation. One-electron oxidation produces PAH radical cations, which can react with cellular nucleophiles. Results from biochemical and biological experiments indicate that only PAH with ionization potentials below ca. 7.35 eV can be metabolically activated by one-electron oxidation. In addition, the radical cations of carcinogenic PAH must have relatively high charge localization to react effectively with macromolecules in target cells. Metabolic formation of PAH quinones proceeds through radical cation intermediates. Binding of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) to mouse skin DNA occurs predominantly at C-6, the position of highest charge localization in the BP radical cation, and binding of 6-methyl BP to DNA in mouse skin yields a major adduct with the 6-methyl group bound to the 2-amino group of deoxyguanosine. Studies of carcinogenicity by direct application of PAH to rat mammary gland indicate that only PAH with ionization potentials low enough for activation by one-electron oxidation produce tumors in this target tissue. These constitute some of the results which provide evidence for the involvement of one-electron oxidation in PAH carcinogenesis.
Towards a Teleological Model of Alexithymia: Alexithymia and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Stuart Shipko, William A. Alvarez, Nicholas Noviello
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

22 combat Viet Nam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder were investigated for alexithymia. Of those subjects examined, 41% proved to be alexithymic. Theoretical implications for this finding are discussed.
Reducing Suicidal Ideation and Depressive Symptoms in Depressed Older Primary Care Patients
Authors: Martha L. Bruce, Thomas R. Ten Have, Charles F. Reynolds III, Ira I. Katz, Herbert C. Schulberg, Benoit H. Mulsant, Gregory K. Brown, Gail J. McAvay, Jane L. Pearson, George S. Alexopoulos
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Suicide rates are highest in late life; the majority of older adults who die by suicide have seen a primary care physician in preceding months. Depression is the strongest risk factor for late-life suicide and for suicide's precursor, suicidal ideation.To determine the effect of a primary care intervention on suicidal ideation and depression in older patients.Randomized controlled trial known as PROSPECT (Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial) with patient recruitment from 20 primary care practices in New York City, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh regions, May 1999 through August 2001.Two-stage, age-stratified (60-74, > or =75 years) depression screening of randomly sampled patients; enrollment included patients who screened positive and a random sample of screened negative patients. This analysis included patients with a depression diagnosis (N = 598).Treatment guidelines tailored for the elderly with care management compared with usual care.Assessment of suicidal ideation and depression severity at baseline, 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months.Rates of suicidal ideation declined faster (P =.01) in intervention patients compared with usual care patients; at 4 months, in the intervention group, raw rates of suicidal ideation declined 12.9% points (29.4% to 16.5%) compared with 3.0% points (20.1% to 17.1% in usual care [P =.01]). Among patients reporting suicidal ideation, resolution of ideation was faster among intervention patients (P =.03); differences peaked at 8 months (70.7% vs 43.9% resolution; P =.005). Intervention patients had a more favorable course of depression in both degree and speed of symptom reduction; group difference peaked at 4 months. The effects on depression were not significant among patients with minor depression unless suicidal ideation was present.Evidence of the intervention's effectiveness in community-based primary care with a heterogeneous sample of depressed patients introduces new challenges related to its sustainability and dissemination. The intervention's effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation, regardless of depression severity, reinforces its role as a prevention strategy to reduce risk factors for suicide in late life.
Unscheduled DNA synthesis in psoriatic skin after ultraviolet irradiation and the effects of a combined treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet radiation: a clinical study*
Authors: P. BIOULAC, M. DENECHAUD, L. DUBUISSON, M. S. DOUTRE, D. DUCASSOU, C. BEYLOT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Biopsies were taken from psoriatic patients undergoing photochemotherapy and then studied by autoradiography to investigate possible unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) following 8-MOP photodamage in epidermal cels. No sparse labelling was found in seventy samples taken from twenty-four different patients during PUVA therapy, indicating a lack of UDS. In contrast, UDS was observed in three patients irradiated with an all-spectrum UV lamp, as a test for DNA damage and excision repair activity. The incorporation of 3HTdR in these keratinocytes which were not undergoing S-phase was not affected by the dose of UV-A received during different stages of PUVA treatment. The results are discussed in terms of repair of the induced photodamage at the level of DNA, and in relation to a possible risk of this treatment when it is given over a long period of time.
Genetic variants in the ADAMTS13 and SUPT3H genes are associated with ADAMTS13 activity
Authors: Paul S. de Vries, Johan Boender, Michelle A. H. Sonneveld, Fernando Rivadeneira, M. Arfan Ikram, Hanspeter Rottensteiner, Albert Hofman, André G. Uitterlinden, Frank W. G. Leebeek, Oscar H. Franco, Abbas Dehghan, Moniek P. M. de Maat
Journal: Blood (2015)
Class — The Ignored Determinant of the Nation's Health
Authors: Stephen L. Isaacs, Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In this article, the authors argue that although racial and ethnic disparities in health have attracted appropriate attention, the association between health and class (i.e., income, education, and occupation) is not widely appreciated. Pointing to strong correlations between higher income and educational levels and better health, they suggest that the nation's health would be greatly enhanced by investment in social and economic policies that address class differences.
Abstract 58: Understanding target biology using protein interactomes
Authors: Amrita Mohan, Shripad V. Bhagwat, David M. Epstein, Mark Miglarese, Jonathan A. Pachter
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The use of systematic genome-wide physical protein-protein interaction detection methods has led to the generation of large networks of putatively interconnected human proteins including a number of therapeutically relevant disease-associated proteins. These networks have intrinsic value for understanding the pathophysiology of proteins, identification of tractable drug targets within a network, and hypothesis generation with regard to potential pharmacodynamic and patient selection biomarkers for a drug target of interest. Here, we present a novel approach to utilize a high-confidence human focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein interaction network to better understand FAK target biology. FAK is a well-studied signaling protein known to directly control cellular motility via mechanosensing. As a large 125 kDa protein with both protein tyrosine kinase and scaffolding functions, FAK is particularly rich in its potential to interact with numerous proteins through SH2 and other interaction domains. By forming a diverse array of target interactions that regulate cytoskeletal structural changes, cellular adhesion, cell migration and cellular proliferation, FAK is believed to be a key regulator of several critical processes in tumorigenesis. It has also been established that human tumors often exhibit FAK gene amplification with resulting increased FAK expression which correlates with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Although the plausible roles of FAK have been well-elaborated, there are limited data available on the precise interplay of biological entities controlling the FAK signaling pathway. In this study, we built a prototypical model representing cross-talk between multiple proteins believed to be involved in the FAK signaling pathway. In doing so, we describe a step by step procedure to assemble a FAK interactome using integrative data mining procedures with publicly available interaction databases such as MINT, BioGRID, DIP and HPRD. Next, we filter this data set by incorporating confidence scores and lines of evidence available corresponding to each interaction to finally derive a high-confidence FAK interactome. We propose that this approach to generate high-confidence protein interactomes could also be applied to other proteins of interest to facilitate a systems biology approach to elucidate additional biological pathways influencing tumorigenesis, metastasis and other disease states amenable to rational drug discovery. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 58. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-58
Inflammatory Markers in Clinical Practice
Authors: NICOLA WILSON, SOREN PEDERSEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Currently, the noninvasive clinical assessment of airway inflammation in young children is limited. The detection of raised blood eosinophil levels or evidence of eosinophil activation proteins in blood or urine, such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) or eosinophil protein X (EPX), can be used in addition to the examination of nasopharyngeal secretions. In the near future it is likely that tidal breathing methods for measuring exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and other gases will be validated for use in the younger child. The analysis of other constituents of breath, such as exhaled proteins, that are currently being investigated as potential indicators of airway pathology (1), is also likely to be feasible in this age group in due course. This may broaden the application of assessment of airway inflammation to conditions other than those associated with eosinophilia. However, few studies have been performed in young children. For the purposes of this review, we have therefore extrapolated findings from the older age group by assuming that the issues are likely to be similar, that is, if airway inflammation can be appropriately monitored noninvasively in this age group. In clinical practice we deal with individuals. Extrapolating evidence gathered from mechanistic or diagnostic studies of inflammatory markers to the clinical management of individual patients is questionable for patients of all ages. To do so effectively, the sensitivity and specificity of each test as applied to the required outcome, determined in a relevant population, are needed. Furthermore, it should be ascertained that the test contributes additionally to the information obtained from a simple clinical history.
Detecting Aortic Insufficiency by Echocardiography
Authors: CLYDE B. SCHECHTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1986Detecting Aortic Insufficiency by EchocardiographyCLYDE B. SCHECHTER, M.D.CLYDE B. SCHECHTER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-2-299_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I was happy to see the study by Grayburn and coworkers (1) on the ability of several different techniques to identify aortic insufficiency. Clinicians need to be aware of the strengths and limitations of diagnostic techniques. I would qualify their conclusion, however, that pulsed Doppler echocardiography is the method of choice.For physicians who are managing patients, the confidence that can be placed in management decisions depends on the positive and negative predictive values of the test. These values, in turn, depend on the prevalence of the disease in the population being examined. In the setting described...Reference1. GRAYBURN P, SMITH M, HANDSHOE R, FRIEDMAN B, and DEMARIA A. Detection of aortic insufficiency by standard echocardiography, pulsed Doppler echocardiography, and auscultation. Ann Intern Med. 1986; 104:599-605. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CLYDE B. SCHECHTER, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1986Volume 105, Issue 2Page: 299-299KeywordsDiagnostic techniquesEchocardiography ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

ONE of the most important medicolegal developments of 1968 was the adoption of the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws on July 30, 1968, and its approval by the American Bar Association on August 7, 1968. This draft legislation will be presented to each of the state legislatures for consideration this year.The Commissioners on Uniform State Laws is an official national body composed of three representatives from each state and appointed by the governor for three-year terms. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act is the product of over three years of work. . . .