tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: EUGENE A. CORNELIUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

A case of severe rhabdomyolysis is reported in which, some seven and one-half weeks after its occurrence, a gallium scan was strongly positive, due to abscess formation in the damaged muscle. A bone scan was weakly positive in the same area, due to gallium photons. A review of the few reported cases reveals that bone scans are a very sensitive indicator of acute muscle damage and are useful to monitor its repair.
Inhibitory effects of microRNA 19b in hepatic stellate cell-mediated fibrogenesis
Authors: Ashley M. Lakner, Nury M. Steuerwald, Tracy L. Walling, Sriparna Ghosh, Ting Li, Iain H. McKillop, Mark W. Russo, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Laura W. Schrum
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a pivotal event in initiation and progression of hepatic fibrosis and a major contributor to collagen deposition driven by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). MicroRNAs (miRs), small noncoding RNAs modulating messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, have emerged as key regulatory molecules in chronic liver disease. We investigated differentially expressed miRs in quiescent and activated HSCs to identify novel regulators of profibrotic TGF-β signaling. miR microarray analysis was performed on quiescent and activated rat HSCs. Members of the miR-17-92 cluster (19a, 19b, 92a) were significantly down-regulated in activated HSCs. Because miR 19b showed the highest fold-change of the cluster members, activated HSCs were transfected with miR 19b mimic or negative control and TGF-β signaling and HSC activation assessed. miR 19b expression was determined in fibrotic rat and human liver specimens. miR 19b mimic negatively regulated TGF-β signaling components demonstrated by decreased TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII) and SMAD3 expression. Computational prediction of miR 19b binding to the 3′ untranslated region of TGF-βRII was validated by luciferase reporter assay. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling by miR 19b was confirmed by decreased expression of type I collagen and by blocking TGF-β-induced expression of α1(I) and α2(I) procollagen mRNAs. miR 19b blunted the activated HSC phenotype by morphological assessment and decreased smooth muscle α-actin expression. Additionally, miR 19b expression was markedly diminished in fibrotic rat liver compared with normal liver; similarly, miR 19b expression was markedly down-regulated in fibrotic compared with normal human livers. Conclusion: miR 19b is a novel regulator of TGF-β signaling in HSCs, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for hepatic fibrosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:300–310)
The state of general practice—not all for the better
Authors: John Howie, David Metcalfe, John Walker
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The 60th anniversary of the NHS is an opportunity to celebrate its many achievements—both in hospitals, in the treatment of life threatening and seriously disabling disorders, and in general practice, in the development of an effective and efficient primary care service. Together with many others we have contributed to the renaissance of general practice in the United Kingdom after the 1966 charter, through our involvement in the establishment of general practice as a research based discipline in universities with properly structured postgraduate training.

However, we wish to express a number of worries we have about potential harm to the care of patients and to medical education that, we think, is an unintended consequence of recent reforms. Our starting point is a statement of what we think needs to be safeguarded: the distinguishing feature of UK general practice before the 1990 contract was the long term relationship between a patient (and often a family) and an individually named doctor, whose clinical training was grounded in the diagnosis and treatment of illness …
THU0395 Adult Onset Still's Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study of 233 Italian Patients
Authors: P. Sfriso, R. Priori, S. Colafrancesco, G. Valesini, S. Rossi, C. Montecucco, A. D'Ascanio, L. Carli, S. Bombardieri, G. La Selva, F. Iannone, G. Lapadula, S. Alivernini, G. Ferraccioli, F. Caso, M. Colaci, C. Ferri, D. Iacono, G. La Montagna, L. Costa, R. Scarpa, A. Lo Monaco, V. Bagnari, M. Govoni, I. Piazza, S. Adami, C. Schinocca, F. Ciccia, G. Triolo, E. Alessandri, M. Cutolo, L. Cantarini, M. Galeazzi, L. Punzi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Adult onset Still9s disease (AOSD) is a rare rheumatic disease with an estimated prevalence of less than 1 case per 100,000 population. The diagnosis is difficult and is often delayed due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests and the need to rule out other pathological entities. <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe the clinical characteristics of a multicenter Italian case series of patients with AOSD. <h3>Methods</h3> 14 Italian University Hospital centers participated in the study. A standardized medical record containing clinical data, laboratory investigations, disease patterns and the different therapies has been sent to all participating centers. Each center collected data retrospectively. <h3>Results</h3> In the first wave of data collection, from March to May 2013, 233 patients were included with AOSD according to Yamaguchi criteria (125 males, 53.6%, mean age at onset: 40.2±16.2 years, time between onset and diagnosis: 242±650 days). The most frequent manifestations at onset were: arthralgia (93.0%), fever (92.6%), leukocytosis (89.0%), typical rash (67.7%), sore throat (61.8%), lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly (60.4%), increased liver enzymes (53.5%). In 56.4% of patients ferritin was increased more than 5 times the normal threshold. Fever intensity was recorded up to 41 ° C (mean 39.1±0.7), with a single daily peak in 27.3% of cases and 2 peaks in 51.9% of cases. The average duration of febrile episodes was 10.3 days with variable interval between episodes (average 3.2 days). Based on clinical evolution the disease was classified polycyclic systemic in 40.8%, chronic articular polycyclicin 30.7%, systemic monocyclic in 23.9% and chronic articular monocyclic in 4.6%. In 21.9% of cases, corticosteroids and traditional DMARDs have not been able to control the disease while biological drugs have been shown to be effective. 56 cycles of biological drugs were used in 51 patients: anakinra in 22 cases, etanercept in 15 cases, infliximab in 8 cases, adalimumab in 7 cases, rituximab in 3 cases, tocilizumab in 2 cases, abatacept and golimumab in 1 case each (anti- TNFalpha 52.5%, 37.3% anakinra, other 10.2%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study presents the largest Italian multicentre series of AOSD patients. The main clinical and laboratory characteristics are in line with those reported in the literature. In more than 20% of patients biologics are the only drugs that allow to control the disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5300
NEW CHOLINERGIC DRUGS FOR POSTOPERATIVE URINARY RETENTION
Authors: Mandel Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Postoperative urinary retention, in the absence of primary organic disturbances in the urinary bladder, may ensue as a sequel to surgical operations notwithstanding a full bladder, normal kidney function, and the desire to void. To counteract this condition, new cholinergic drugs have been developed that increase the vesical activity and mimic the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.<sup>1</sup>Clinically, they have been shown to produce increased bladder activity and thus aid in the promotion of normal urinary function.<sup>2</sup> In the following report the effectiveness of two new members of this cholinergic group, benzpyrinium (Stigmonene) bromide [1-benzyl-3-(dimethylcarbamyloxy) pyridinium bromide] and 1,2-xylylene-bis[1-(3-dimethylcarbamyloxy)-pyridinium bromide], a related experimental cholinergic compound coded W341, are compared and their efficacy evaluated in the treatment of established postoperative urinary retention. The chemical configuration of the two cholinergic compounds are given in figure 1. That benzpyrinium bromide acts as an inhibitor of cholinesterase,<sup>3</sup>is less toxic than physostigmine
Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a large urban setting.
Authors: C R Friedman, M Y Stoeckle, B N Kreiswirth, W D Johnson, S M Manoach, J Berger, K Sathianathan, A Hafner, L W Riley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Multidrug resistance has become an increasingly important problem in the control and prevention of tuberculosis in large urban centers. Although several small outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in New York City have been reported, the increase in the number of cases is not fully explained by these recognized outbreaks, and the modes of transmission have not been clearly delineated. Transmission patterns of MDR tuberculosis in New York City, therefore, were studied by stratifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 167 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients according to their DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Forty-three (34%) of 127 drug-susceptible isolates and 19 (79%) of 24 multidrug-resistant isolates had RFLP patterns representing possible recent exogenous infection (primary tuberculosis). Patients who had such isolates were more likely to be seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (58%; p < 0.05), non-Hispanic black (56%; p < 0.005), U.S.-born (57%; p < 0.001), and have MDR tuberculosis (79%; p < 0.0005). In a logistic regression model, primary tuberculosis remained significantly associated with MDR tuberculosis and black race. In contrast to previous reports, in New York City recent exogenous transmission accounts for most new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Association of Parental Gender and Allergic Sensitization with the Patterns of Sensitization in 18 year-old Offspring in the Detroit Area Childhood Allergy Study
Authors: R.T. Misiak, G. Wegienka, S. Havstad, D.R. Ownby, C.C. Johnson, E.M. Zoratti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Personality, Imaginative Involvement, and Self-Reported Somatic Complaints: Relevance to the Concept of Alexithymia
Authors: Olav Vassend
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Forty-five undergraduate students were investigated to determine the relationship between personality dispositions, capacity for imaginative involvement, and self-reported physical symptoms. The results showed that somatic complaints were associated with variables reflecting psychological vulnerability and dysphoric affect (e.g. anxiety and worry/depression). Imaginative involvement, and especially the Absorption Scale, correlated positively with self-reported somatic symptoms. Factor analyses revealed that Absorption Scale and the Creative Imagination Scale loaded on a general psychological distress factor. Moreover, self-reported somatic symptoms correlated negatively with 'inner directedness' and 'sociable' coping style, and positively with the coping styles 'sensitive' and 'inhibited', thus suggesting a link between emotional expressiveness and somatic complaints. The relevance of these results to the concept of alexithymia is discussed.
Circus movement atrial flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Activation patterns during initiation, termination, and sustained reentry in vivo.
Authors: W Schoels, W B Gough, M Restivo, N el-Sherif
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The mechanisms of single-loop reentry in a syncytium without anatomically predetermined pathways have not been shown. Using a "jacket electrode" with 111 bipolar electrodes in a nylon matrix, we mapped in situ the atrial epicardial surface during atrial flutter in dogs with sterile pericarditis. Of 21 episodes of reentrant atrial flutter, only four showed double-loop ("figure-eight") reentry, whereas in 17 episodes a single loop was present. During initiation of single-loop reentry, an arc of functional block extended to the atrioventricular (AV) ring. This forced activation to proceed as a single wave around the free end of the arc, before breaking through the arc close to the AV ring. Activation continued as one loop around an arc close to the AV ring (in eight episodes) or around a combined functional and anatomic obstacle (in nine episodes) when the arc joined an atrial vessel. A zone of slow conduction was consistently bordered by the arc of block and the AV ring or by the anatomic obstacle and the AV ring. Spontaneous termination occurred when conduction failed in this area and the arc rejoined the AV ring. High-density recordings (2 mm) along the arc of block showed double potentials separated by an isoelectric interval, interpreted as local activation and electrotonus due to activation on the opposite side of the arc. Histologically, a diffuse inflammatory reaction involved 50-80% of the atrial wall. A transitional layer of myocardial bundles with preserved cross striation, but separated by edema and inflammatory cells, was enclosed between an epicardial layer of fragmented myocytes and an endocardial layer of grossly intact myocardium. There were no distinctive features at sites of functional conduction block or slowed conduction. In conclusion, single-loop reentry is the common pattern during atrial flutter in this model. Its induction depends on an interaction of the AV ring, a functional arc of block, and a zone of slow conduction. The location of the inferior vena cava predisposes the lower right atrium to this type of reentry.
A Cryptic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor T-Cell Epitope: Identification and Characterization by Mass Spectrometry and T-Cell Assays
Authors: Andreas O. Weinzierl, Dominik Maurer, Florian Altenberend, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Karin Klingel, Oliver Schoor, Dorothee Wernet, Thomas Joos, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Stefan Stevanović
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in various physiologic processes, such as angiogenesis or wound healing, but is also crucial in pathologic events, such as tumor growth. Thus, clinical anti-VEGF treatments have been developed that could already show beneficial effects for cancer patients. In this article, we describe the first VEGF-derived CD8+ T-cell epitope. The natural HLA ligand SRFGGAVVR was identified by differential mass spectrometry in two primary renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and was significantly overpresented on both tumor tissues. SRFGGAVVR is derived from a cryptic translated region of VEGF presumably by initiation of translation at the nonclassic start codon CUG499. SRFGGAVVR-specific T cells were generated in vitro using peptide-loaded dendritic cells or artificial antigen-presenting cells. SRFGGAVVR-specific CD8+ T cells, identified by HLA tetramer analysis after in vitro stimulation, were fully functional T effector cells, which were able to secrete IFN-γ on stimulation and killed tumor cells in vitro. Additionally, we have quantitatively analyzed VEGF mRNA and protein levels in RCC tumor and normal tissue samples by gene chip analysis, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, in situ hybridization, and bead-based immunoassay. In the future, T cells directed against VEGF as a tumor-associated antigen may represent a possible way of combining peptide-based anti-VEGF immunotherapy with already existent anti-VEGF cancer therapies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(7):2447–54]
A METHOD OF BONE-PLATING
Authors: CARL E. BLACK
Journal: JAMA (1913)

A study of the work of Mr. Lane and his followers and a comparison of it with that of Lambotte<sup>1</sup>and his followers, will convince one that the last word has not been said on retaining the fragments in the operative treatment of fractures. While I cannot claim an extenaed experience, the cases in which I have operated have impressed me with two points: first, the necessity of providing myself at all times with as full an assortment of plates as if I had a large accident clinic, and second, the fact that the ordinary plates have too much bulk and are too heavy. In support of the latter statement I quote the following sentence from Mr. Lane:<sup>2</sup>"The chief obstacle that has to be overcome in many cases is the approximation of the skin incision and their retention in accurate apposition." I venture to present a plan of bone-plating
Monkey business over AIDS vaccine.
Authors: R Weiss
Journal: BMJ (1991)

daily administration is sufficient, though twice daily corticosteroids may suppress fever more effectively.25Rifam- picin increases the metabolism of steroids thus the dosage of corticosteroid must be doubled to achieve similar effects.26As with antituberculous treatment, the use of corticosteroids should be supervised by a practitioner with an interest in the condition.
New Body Surface Isopotential Map Evaluation Method to Detect Minor Potential Losses in Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mihály Medvegy, István Préda, Pierre Savard, Arnold Pintér, Gaétan Tremblay, James B. Nasmith, Donald Palisaitis, Réginald A. Nadeau
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Potential losses caused by stable non–Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) are too small to diagnose with the use of standard ECG. The aim of the present study was to obtain accurate diagnostic criteria for this prognostically important disease with the help of body surface mapping. Methods and Results —Body surface potentials were recorded with the use of 63 unipolar leads in 45 patients with a non–Q-wave MI (41 to 75 years old); 24 healthy adults, 42 patients with unstable angina, and 70 patients with Q-wave MI served as reference groups. Qualitative pathological features of the isopotential maps, such as onset time and site and magnitude of the first right-anterior/anterior minimum, as well as pathological negativities at that time, were defined in non–Q-wave MI cases. These features, which account for the activation sequence and the body surface projections of specific cardiac regions (Selvester classification), showed a 91% sensitivity and an 88% specificity for the detection of non–Q-wave MI. In comparison, the different departure maps (first third QRS, QRS, and QRST isoarea) resulted in less favorable specificities (50% to 58%). Concordance between the isopotential maps and the acute-phase ECG (90%), hypokinesis (64%), fixed perfusion defects (59%), and significant stenosis of the infarct-related coronary artery (87%) supported the concept that these isopotential map changes correspond to the supposed sites of MI. There were pathological features in 69% of patients with unstable angina, with similar concordances as in non–Q-wave MI. Conclusions —Isopotential maps revealed characteristic features that were suitable for the detection and localization of non–Q-wave MI in the clinical setting of unstable coronary artery disease.
Autoimmune cytopenias associated with autoantibodies to nuclear envelope polypeptides
Authors: Paul Coppo, Jean‐Pierre Clauvel, Djaouida Bengoufa, Vincent Fuentes, Valérie Gouilleux‐Gruart, Jean‐Claude Courvalin, Kaiss Lassoued
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

A subset of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are directed against nuclear envelope (NE) polypeptides and display by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) a ring-like fluorescent pattern. We report herein 19 patients with autoimmune cytopenias associated with antibodies (Abs) to NE polypeptides. Anti-NE specificity was determined by immunoblot, using NE preparations and purified lamina fractions. Eleven sera reacted with lamin B(1), and two reacted with both lamin B(1) and an unidentified 150-kDa protein (p150). One serum reacted with only p150. Four sera reacted with lamins A and C, and one reacted with and an unidentified 52-kDa NE polypeptide (p52). Autoimmune cytopenias included hemolytic anemia (7 cases), thrombocytopenia (13 cases), and neutropenia (6 cases). Five patients had 2 (3 cases) or 3 (2 cases) different cytopenias. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) were detected in 14 patients, 2 of whom experienced thromboembolic events. A liver disorder was present in 7 patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus-like syndrome were diagnosed in 11 and 2 patients, respectively. Cytopenias responded to steroids alone (13 patients), or together with intravenous immunoglobulins (2 patients), or cyclophosphamide (2 patients). Two patients did not require treatment. Our results suggest that anti-NE Abs need to be sought for in patients with peripheral cytopenias, particularly when they are associated with APLA and/or liver disorders. Their detection strongly suggests an autoimmune process. Such cytopenias are often manifestations of a lupus or lupus-like disease and are responsive to steroids.
Successful treatment of classic Kaposi sarcoma with topical timolol: report of two cases
Authors: C. Meseguer-Yebra, M.E. Cardeñoso-Álvarez, M.T. Bordel-Gómez, M.C. Fraile-Alonso, M.E. Pérez-Losada, J. Sánchez-Estella
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)
The Diagnosis of Distended Gall-Bladder
Authors: J. W. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1886)

lfl rf and she most peremptorily dsired that t4e subject shouldc not be metioned again.The tempertur that night rose to 100-lahr., and the pulse to 98, which I attributed to excitement, for both subsided to their fonner rtes before the next momrig.From this moment the injections, which hd done nothing but wash the rectum, were discontinued, and the patient ver grdually and almost imperceptibly nk, until her death, which took place on Sunday, October 11th, 1885, at 11 o'clock Pm., nineteen ant a half
Rotavirus vaccination programmes
Authors: M. M. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Early results are promising and programmes should be adopted more widely

In a linked research paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4752), Braeckman and colleagues analyse the effectiveness of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine after its routine introduction in Belgium.1 This is the first study of its kind from Europe, and the new data offer robust evidence on the effectiveness of the vaccine in a real life setting. 

Public health problems are tackled by defining the extent of the problem, developing an intervention, and then deploying and evaluating the intervention. Each step is necessary for optimal control of the problem. Belgium is one of several countries that has recently implemented a nationwide rotavirus vaccination programme for controlling severe diarrhoea in children and it is currently evaluating the programme.1 

Efforts to control rotavirus began in 1973, when Ruth Bishop identified wheel shaped (rota) virus-like particles in the intestinal mucosa of infants with diarrhoea.2 In the ensuing decades rotavirus was confirmed as the main cause of severe diarrhoea in children under 5 years, accounting for nearly 40% of hospital admissions and 450 000 deaths related to diarrhoea every year.3 Several decades of research resulted in the development of two new rotavirus vaccines (monovalent and pentavalent vaccines), which are now recommended by the World Health Organization …
False-Positive lodine-131 Body Scan Caused by a Large Renal Cyst
Authors: MICHAEL B. BRACHMAN, BARRY J. ROTHMAN, LALITHA RAMANNA, DOINA E. TANASESCU, HELEN ADELBERG, ALAN D. WAXMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Focal I-131 accumulation is generally a reliable indicator of functioning thyroid tissue or a differentiated thyroid cancer metastasis. Normal accumulation of activity may be seen in areas such as the intestinal tract, liver, and salivary glands. This report describes a patient with significant accumulation of I-131 in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The abnormality, first thought to represent metastastic thyroid carcinoma, was subsequently proven to be accumulation within a large renal cyst.
Trial shows only that practice varies
Authors: L. Meteyard
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Bowen and colleagues’ methods and conclusions raise concerns.1 At best, the trial evaluates the variability in current practice. In no way is it a robust test of treatment.

Two communication impairments (aphasia and dysarthria) were included. In the post-acute stage spontaneous recovery is highly unpredictable, and changes in the profile of impairment during …