tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bleeding in Early Pregnancy
Authors: S. Bender
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Apart from vomiting in early pregnancy, vaginal bleeding is the commonest symptom for which the general practitioner is consulted before the 28th week-that is, before foetal viability.A patient may, honestly or otherwise, give a menstrual history which appears to exclude pregnancy; nevertheless whenever there is abnormal bleeding at any time between menarche and menopause a complication of pregnancy must always be con- sidered a possibility.Conversely, not every instance of amenorrhoea followed by vaginal bleeding is an abortion; yet women are occasionally classified as habitual aborters after two or three such episodes where products of conception have never been confirmed, and the basic problem of primary infertility is thereby obscured.For the purpose of this article it is presumed that pregnancy is confirmed or suspected.
Anderson's Pathology
Authors: Sheila Moriber Katz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The eighth edition of<i>Anderson's Pathology</i>, edited by Kissane, is a remarkably comprehensive textbook of pathology, enriched by the talents of its renowned contributors. The authors represent a virtual<i>Who's Who</i>of pathology: no wonder the text is precise, current, and intellectually stimulating, and the illustrations and tables are carefully crafted and highly illuminating. This is the first edition in which Dr W. A. D. Anderson did not actively participate in producing the book that bears his name, but his imprint on the text, organization, and viewpoint remains conspicuous. Actually, the eighth edition fulfills Dr Anderson's primary goal for the first edition, namely, that "pathology should form the basis of every physician's thinking about the patient."<sup>1</sup>In the eighth edition, retention and expansion of Dr Anderson's format of initial in-depth presentation of mechanisms, followed by consideration of diseases and various organ systems, permits the book to remain a reference
Lymphokine-activated killer cell activity in patients with primary and metastatic malignant liver tumors
Authors: Roderich E. Schwarz, Shunzaburo Iwatsuki, Ronald B. Herberman, Theresa L. Whiteside
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Lymphokine-activated killer cells were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 33 patients with liver tumors (benign, 6; primary malignant, 10; metastatic, 17) and 10 healthy individuals. Although peripheral blood mononuclear cell yield was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.01) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or with metastatic colorectal cancer, natural killer activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction was comparable in all groups tested. Optimal lymphokine-activated killer activity was demonstrated after 9 to 12 days of culture in recombinant interleukin 2. Lymphokine-activated killer activity, interleukin 2-induced lymphocyte proliferation and total lytic activity generated per culture in all patient groups studied were similar to those of normal control cells cultured under the same conditions. These in vitro data demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining lymphokine-activated killer cells from the blood of patients with liver tumors and provide a rationale for the future use of lymphokine-activated killer cells in adoptive immunotherapy of patients with primary and metastatic hepatic neoplasms.
913 EXTENDING THE TREATMENT DURATION OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A THERAPY TO 72 WEEKS INCREASES THE RATE OF HBeAg SEROCONVERSION IN PATIENTS WITH HBeAg-POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: Y.-Y. Zhu, J. Dong, Y.-T. Chen, J. Chen, J.-J. Jiang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Draft of Report on Secondhand Smoke Released
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE CALIFORNIA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has released for public comment a final draft of its report on the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The report, prepared by a number of California health experts, is the first comprehensive review of the health hazards of secondhand smoke since the 1986 US Surgeon General's Report. According to the report's executive summary, scientific knowledge about the health effects of ETS has expanded considerably since the release of the Surgeon General's report and studies by the US EPA and the National Research Council. "The State of California has therefore undertaken a broad review of ETS, covering the major health end points potentially associated with ETS exposure: perinatal and postnatal manifestations of developmental toxicity, adverse impacts on male and female reproduction, respiratory disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease," the summary said. The report, entitled<i>Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Final Draft</i>
The influence of adrenaline secretion on the enzymes in heart muscle after acute coronary occlusion in dogs
Authors: K. Herbaczynska-Cedro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article The influence of adrenaline secretion on the enzymes in heart muscle after acute coronary occlusion in dogs Get access Krystyna Herbaczyńska-Cedro Krystyna Herbaczyńska-Cedro From the Research Centre of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, Dworkowa 3, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 2, April 1970, Pages 168–175, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.2.168 Published: 01 April 1970 Article history Accepted: 10 July 1969 Published: 01 April 1970
Getting the Lead Out
Authors: Joy Shen, Robert E Hirschtick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 32-year-old man reported having had back and abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation for several weeks. The results of laboratory studies were notable for normocytic anemia, a hemoglobin level of 7.9 g per deciliter, a mean corpuscular volume of 82 μm3, and basophilic stippling of erythrocytes. The serum lead level was elevated, at 143.5 μg per deciliter (6.9 μmol per liter; normal, less than 10.0 μg per deciliter [0.5 μmol per liter]). The man had sustained a gunshot wound to the right elbow six years earlier. The radiograph of the elbow showed the presence of multiple radiodense opacities. The . . .
African heads of state promise action against malaria
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Heads of state of Africa signed a pledge to reduce the continent's malaria mortality by 50% by 2110 at an international summit of Malaria in Abuja, Nigeria. The primary focus of the malaria control program will be insecticide-treated bednets. The WHO wants a 30-fold increase in the availability of bednets in the next 5 years, as well as immediate access to cheap and effective antimalarial combination therapy for families at risk of malaria, including pregnant women. Malaria control requires annual donations of US$1 billion from industrialized countries. However, donations alone will be insufficient unless there is immediate debt cancellation, says Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for International Development at Harvard. The World Bank also raised criticisms concerning the US$150 million annual donation. In response, Ok Pannenborg of the World Bank stated that there are 100 World Bank operations all over Africa and its US$150 million annual donation for African malarial control projects is money they can use, but whether they use it is another matter.
Glucose and Alanine Metabolism in Children with Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Authors: Morey W. Haymond, Ehud Ben-Galim, Karen E. Strobel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

In vitro studies have suggested that catabolism of branched chain amino acids is linked with alanine and glutamine formed in, and released from, muscle. To explore this possibility in vivo, static and kinetic studies were performed in three patients with classical, and one patient with partial, branched chain α-ketoacid decarboxylase deficiency (maple syrup urine disease, MSUD) and compared to similar studies in eight age-matched controls. The subjects underwent a 24-30-h fast, and a glucose-alanine flux study using stable isotopes. Basal plasma leucine concentrations were elevated (P <0.001) in patients with MSUD (1,140±125 μM vs. 155±18 μM in controls); and in contrast to the controls, branched chain amino acid concentrations in plasma increased during the fast in the MSUD patients. Basal plasma alanine concentrations were lower (P <0.01) in patients with classical MSUD (153±8 μM vs. 495±27 μM in controls). This discrepancy was maintained throughout the fast despite a decrease in alanine concentrations in both groups. Plasma alanine and leucine concentrations in the patient with partial MSUD were intermediate between those of the controls and the subjects with the classical form of the disease. Circulating ketone bodies and glucoregulatory hormones concentrations were similar in the MSUD and normal subjects during the fast.
Risk of Down's syndrome and amniocentesis rate.
Authors: K. Spencer, P. Carpenter
Journal: BMJ (1992)

postoperative endotoxaemia is 32%.1 Further work should be directed at identifying those who are at risk and assessing their innate immunity in different clinical situations.If antiendotoxin is then given early, rather than after sepsis is established, the results are likely to be superior to those obtained in the trials published so far.Comparisons can be made with the published trials of steroids in sepsis.For them to be beneficial it was thought necessary to administer steroids in the very early stages.They were deemed in- effective, though confirmatory studies were not performed.Although these two drugs are not comparable, by performing similar studies with antiendotoxins without fully understanding the events leading up to sepsis we run the risk of condemning this potentially useful treatment for the wrong reasons, spending millions in the process.
Abstract P4-04-04: Targeted resequencing of germline PTEN-negative patients with Cowden disease reveals alternate mechanism of molecular alteration
Authors: N Sevenet, S Gourdon, D Lafon, J Dupiot-Chiron, G Geneste, N Jones, F Bonnet, M Longy
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction Cowden disease belongs to the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) group, defined by germline PTEN heterozygous inactivation. Describing the PTEN germline mutation in Cowden disease patients is of particular importance for their breast cancer and thyroid carcinoma predisposition evaluation. Material &amp; methods Targeted resequencing was done on germline DNA of 22 index cases patients with a Cowden disease clinically well established since they do not demonstrate any PTEN mutation analyzed using our current screening method (EMMA, Enhanced Mismatch Mutation Analysis, similar to high resolution melting). The 565 exons of 34 genes of interest together with the entire genomic locus of PTEN were captured using the SureSelect oligonucleotide library capture (Agilent technologies). The bioinformatics resources Suredesign, Ensembl human genome v70 and a UCSC repeat masker least stringent were used to create the capture design. This gave us 28405 unique 120-mers oligonucleotide probes which were duplicated 1 to 16 times depending on the GC content or the size of the targeted regions (maximum boosting performance criteria). For each gene of interest, an exon of the surrounding gene was also captured in order to define the extent of gross gene rearrangement. Samples were prepared according the manufacturer's recommendations. Results Each of the 22 Cowden disease patients demonstrates a mean rate of 70 intronic mutations in the entire genomic locus of PTEN. All of those for which the minor allelic frequency is unknown, were subjected to splicing site bioinformatic prediction. For one patient, the prediction reveals the apparition of a splicing site in a deep intronic mutation of the large intron 1 of PTEN. Furthermore, next generation sequencing (NGS) seems to be more sensitive than our current screening method since for two patients, a germline mosaic exonic heterozygous inactivating mutation of PTEN was detected and confirmed by Sanger sequencing on different biological samples. The level of mosaicism was evaluated by NGS at 3 to 12% depending on the sample and confirmed by pyrosequencing. In addition, some mutations were identified in exons of genes encoding proteins of the PI3Kinase pathway, which could be involved in disease belonging to the PHTS group. With an increasing sensitivity, NGS is a powerful tool to detect low frequency variant. This could used to explain at a molecular level Cowden disease with no initially detectable PTEN mutation. Clinical and biological rationale, bioinformatics workflow and comprehensive results will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-04-04.
A comparison of physical efficiency between Indian physical education and medical students.
Authors: A. K. De, P. K. Debnath, D. C. Roy, J. Nagchaudhuri
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

The recovery pulse and respiration were analysed to determine the level of physical fitness among the physical education and medical students of Banaras Hindu University. The analysis of the data suggested that physical fitness as measured by recovery rate was better in physical education students than in medical students. Following questionnaire method, it has been noted that the daily activity of physical education students was more than the medical students and probably the reason for higher efficiency in them.
Effect of dietary protein manipulation in subclinical portal-systemic encephalopathy.
Authors: K M de Bruijn, L M Blendis, D H Zilm, P L Carlen, G H Anderson
Journal: Gut (1983)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, the main vector of multiple arboviruses, is highly associated with human dwellings. Females exhibit an opportunistic oviposition behavior, seldomly laying eggs on natural containers, but rather distributing them among human-generated breeding sites. Bacterial communities associated with such sites, as well as the compositional shifts they undergo through the development of larval stages, have been described. Some bacteria can play a direct role in supporting the success of mosquito development. Additionally, exposure to different bacteria during larval phases can have an impact on life-history traits. Whether the larvae acquire symbionts from aquatic niches, or just require bacteria as food, is still debated. Based on these facts, we hypothesized that female <i>Ae. aegypti</i> shape the bacterial communities of breeding sites during oviposition as a form of niche construction to favor offspring fitness. Our study presents a series of experiments to address whether gravid females modify bacterial consortia present in larval habitats. For this, we first verified if females can mechanically transfer bacteria into culture media. As evidence of mechanical transmission was obtained, we then elaborated an experimental scheme to dissect effects from factors related to the act of oviposition and mosquito-egg-water interactions. The DNA samples obtained from breeding site water aliquots pertaining to five treatments were subjected to amplicon-oriented sequencing to infer their bacterial community structure. Microbial ecology analyses revealed significant differences between treatments in terms of diversity. Particularly, between-treatment shifts in abundance profiles were detected (pairwise PERMANOVA), also showing that females induce a significant decrease in alpha diversity (1-Simpson's index) through oviposition. In addition, indicator species analysis pinpointed bacterial taxa with significant predicting values and fidelity coefficients for the samples in which single females laid eggs. Furthermore, we provide evidence regarding how one of these indicator taxa, <i>Elizabethkingia</i>, exerts a positive effect upon the development and fitness of mosquito larvae, thus suggesting that the developmental niche construction hypothesis may hold true in this model.
The Practice of Family Medicine
Authors: Lawrence L. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Family medicine, in a sense, is not new—physicians by whatever name they were called have treated patients in a family context since time immemorial. The extended family, however, has tended to lose its social significance and geographic identity; the nuclear family has developed to fill the needs of a mobile, sophisticated society. Medicine, too, has changed: no longer is the bulk of care given in the home; no longer is there merely<i>hope</i>of amelioration, but instead there is the<i>expectation</i>of cure. Nevertheless, humans need a therapeutic relationship at a very personal level when seeking and receiving this care—and<i>Homo modernus</i>demands competence. Hence the "new" family medicine has been recognized as being that body of knowledge, and its method of delivery, unique to the family practitioner. After years of accumulated humiliation many general practitioners tend to overreact in one of two ways when academic respectability is within reach.
Development and Aftercare of Clinical Guidelines
Authors: George P. Browman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pharmacotherapy in the Management of Obesity
Authors: Thomas N. Tiedt
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —In the article on pharmacotherapy for treatment of obesity, 1 the National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity concluded, short-term (weeks or months) treatment of obesity with drugs is generally not warranted....Until more data are available, pharmacotherapy cannot be recommended for routine use in obese individuals. This conclusion extends previous determinations that diet pills are useless and only add to the problem. 2-4   The bottom line is what have diet pills produced other than hundreds of millions of dollars of sales and hundreds of thousands of adverse events a year? Dexfenfluramine hydrochloride (Redux) now generates about 90 000 prescriptions a week; the combination of phentermine and fenfluramine (phen/fen), which is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, about 60 000 per week. 5   Newly disturbing is that diet-pill marketers have generated patient advocacy groups arguing genetic explanations of brain chemical disturbances. But since
Rhesus sensitization and abortion.
Authors: P Jones
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MBITICJOSUNALis the gestation age of the fetus, and not the route by whch termination is effected, as was also shown by Matthews.2There is a national shortage of anti-D immunoglobulin, and while the risk may be small we cannot agree that there is no indi- cation to give immunoglobulin in cases of therapeutic and spontaneous abortion.If rhesus sensitization is to be considered a preventable disease' Rh-negative women having a termination of pregnancy should be afforded protection as soon as sufficient anti-D immunoglobulin is available.This is particularly true in primigravidae, where the postoperative fetal cell count is high and the termination is carried out late in pregnancy.There is no reason to condemn Rh-negative women to affected infants in a later marriage because they had a therapeutic abortion earlier.-We are, etc., E.
FORGOTTEN RESOURCES OF MEDICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Robert T. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Willis C. Campbell and Dr. Hugh Smith inThe Journal, August 30, give us another example of a successful method in fresh compound fractures with a long hiatus of failure or worse between the two ends of successful treatment. Medical historians have a special item field in this subject. Our forefathers treated compound fractures successfully with camphor liniment. This method became as thoroughly forgotten as did some features of hydrotherapy, kept alive by practical nurses, highly valuable resources forgotten by regulars and specialists. Some one should present a paper on forgotten resources at some meeting of the profession. When savage operations became the custom in tuberculosis of the neck, I had a whole series going for weekly noting by the class and no operation excepting in late neglected cases with deep abscess already present.
Natural History of Bacteriuria in Schoolgirls
Authors: Jay Y. Gillenwater, R. Brent Harrison, Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

To define better the natural history of bacteriuria in females, we followed 60 schoolgirls with bacteriuria and 38 matched controls for periods ranging from nine to 18 years. Among the schoolgirls with bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per milliliter in two or more consecutive cultures), reflux was repaired in five, nephrectomy was performed in two, and reduced inulin clearance was noted in one subject with atrophic pyelonephritis. Serum creatinine was slightly higher in cases than in controls. Renal scars or caliectasis occurred in 16 cases but in none of the controls. Blood pressure was similar in both groups. Episodes of bacteriuria in cases and controls were, respectively: five or more episodes, 21.7 and 2.6 per cent; and episodes during pregnancy, 63.8 and 26.7 per cent. Seven children of the cases but none of the children of controls showed urinary-tract infections. Bacteriuria among schoolgirls defines a group at great risk of recurrent symptomatic infections and renal scars and at low risk of reduced renal function.