tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Hypertension — Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Reginald H. Smithwick, Dera Kinsey, George P. Whitelaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

SINCE the advent of more refined technics in the diagnosis of hypertension of renal and adrenal origin, and indeed since the realization that such conditions actually exist, there has been widespread renewed interest in this field, particularly in the possible relation of these types of hypertension to so-called essential hypertension and consequent explanation of the presently unknown etiologic factors involved.There is a growing body of opinion that an organic lesion will be found, possibly in the adrenal glands or kidney, to account for the hypertensive state observed in the majority of patients suffering from hypertensive cardiovascular disease. We believe . . .
Validation of the new comprehensive cytogenetic scoring system (<scp>NCCSS</scp>) on 630 consecutive de novo <scp>MDS</scp> patients from a single institution
Authors: Paolo Bernasconi, Catherine Klersy, Marina Boni, Paola Maria Cavigliano, Irene Dambruoso, Rita Zappatore
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

This study evaluated whether the NCCSS truly improves the prognostic stratification of 630 consecutive de novo MDS patients and established which cytogenetic grouping [NCCSS or International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)], when combined with the WHO classification, best predicted the clinical outcome of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The frequency of chromosomal defects was 53.8%. Clinical parameters, including number of cytopenias, WHO classification, IPSS cytogenetic categories and scores, NCCSS were all relevant for overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) and were included in six distinct multivariate models compared by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The most effective model to predict OS included the number of cytopenias, the WHO classification and the NCCSS, whereas the model including the number of cytopenias, blast cell percentage and the NCCSS and the model including the number of cytopenias the WHO classification and the NCCSS were almost equally effective to predict LFS. In conclusion, the NCCS (i) improves the prognostic stratification of the good and poor IPSS cytogenetic categories by introducing the very good and the very poor categories; (ii) is still incomplete in establishing the prognostic relevance of rare/double defects, (ii) applied to patients who receive supportive treatment only identifies five different prognostic subgroups, but applied to patients treated with specific therapies reveals only a trend toward a significantly different OS and LFS when patients of the poor and intermediate cytogenetic categories are compared, (iii) combined with the WHO classification is much more effective than the IPSS in predicting MDS clinical outcome.
Heroin: A Medical Me Too
Authors: Louis Lasagna
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Heroin has been a source of controversy for the better part of this century. In the field of substance abuse, it has a reputation as a drug with Svengali-like powers that invariably and quickly transform even the occasional user into an abject slave. In therapeutics, it has at various times been alleged to be superior to morphine in the management of cough, childbirth, cardiac infarction, and chronic pain. When scientifically examined, most of the drama disappears in a dream of the shadow of smoke.The latest cause of excitement is the fear that legal bans on heroin may be depriving . . .
Surgeons condemn UK's lack of action on regulating cosmetic treatments
Authors: C. s. r. criticised, Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Surgeons have condemned the UK government for “wasting an opportunity to ensure patient safety” after it rejected advice to introduce tighter controls on the people and companies involved in cosmetic treatments.

The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, which represents most plastic surgeons involved in private practice, said it feared that the government’s inaction meant “business as usual” in the “Wild West” of the cosmetic surgery industry.

Last April the NHS’s medical director, Bruce Keogh, published his final review into the cosmetic treatment industry.1 This called for dermal fillers, which are currently regulated in the same way as toothbrushes and electric plugs, to be made prescription-only products that are regulated as medical devices. The review followed a scandal involving the French company Poly Implant Prothese, which had been making breast implants using non-medical grade silicone.2

It …
Abstract 2304: MicroRNA-7 functions as antimetastic microRNA in gastric cancer by targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
Authors: Xiaodi Zhao, Weijia Dou, Yongzhan Nie, Daiming Fan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Metastasis is a major clinical obstacle in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and accounts for the majority of cancer-related mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently emerged as regulators of metastasis through acting on multiple signaling pathways. In this study, we found that miR-7 is significantly down-regulated in high-metastatic GC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies showed that increased miR-7 expression significantly reduced migration and invasion of GC cells, while decreased miR-7 expression dramatically enhanced cell migration and invasion. In vivo metastasis assays also shown that overexpression of miR-7 remarkably inhibits GC metastasis. Moreover, the IGF1R oncogene, which is often mutated or amplified in human cancers and has been shown to function as an important regulator of cell growth and tumor invasion, was identified as a direct target of miR-7. RNA interference silencing of IGF1R recapitulated the antimetastic function of miR-7, whereas restoration of IGF1R expression attenuated the function of miR-7 in GC cells. Furthermore, we found that suppression of Snail by miR-7 through targeting IGF1R increased E-cadherin expression and partly reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, analyses of the miR-7 and IGF1R level in human primary GC with matched lymph node metastasis tissue arrays revealed that miR-7 is inversely related to the increase of IGF1R expression. The present study provides an insight into the specific biological behavior of miR-7 in EMT and tumor metastasis. This novel miR-7/IGF1R/Snail axis would be helpful in the therapeutic application to block GC metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2304. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2304
Fee for service doctors dispense more antibiotics in Canada
Authors: G. Basky
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Doctors paid on a fee for service basis write more prescriptions for antibiotics than their salaried counterparts, according to recently published Canadian research.

Researchers found Newfoundland's 322 fee paid general practitioners were much more likely to prescribe at rates in excess of the provincial median 1.5 prescriptions per patient annually. In addition, the busier the doctors' practices were, the greater the number of prescriptions …
Ectopic Enterobius vermicularis
Authors: G. S. A. McDonald, D. OB. Hourihane
Journal: Gut (1972)

Enterobius vermicularis (the pinworm) commonly infests the lumen of the intestine but on rare occasions has been found in the wall or in the tissues outside the gastrointestinal tract. Three such patients have been encountered in whom Enterobius vermicularis was found in the wall of the colon, in the retrocaecal tissues, and on the peritoneum. The pathological lesions and their relationship to the clinical features are discussed. A brief review of the literature is given. It is concluded that Enterobius vermicularis can only penetrate the wall of the gastrointestinal tract if this is diseased. Once in the tissues the worms can cause an inflammatory reaction simulating carcinoma and Crohn's disease, and, by perforation of the intestine, cause a generalized peritonitis.
Normal Tissue Responses to Radiation Therapy
Authors: William D. Bloomer, Samuel Hellman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

AFTER the introduction of supervoltage equipment into clinical practice some 25 years ago, radiation therapy assumed an increasingly prominent role in the management of patients with cancer. Current estimates are that 50 per cent of patients with cancer will receive radiation therapy at some time during the course of their disease, and a large percentage of these patients will be treated with curative intent. Survival rates approximating 90 per cent are reported by many centers treating early seminoma of the testis, Hodgkin's disease, and cancers of the larynx and cervix. Impressive results have recently been reported in prostatic cancer1 and . . .
Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen titers in prediction of treatment response to entecavir
Authors: Jung Min Lee, Sang Hoon Ahn, Hyon Suk Kim, Hana Park, Hye Young Chang, Do Young Kim, Seong Gyu Hwang, Kyu Sung Rim, Chae Yoon Chon, Kwang-Hyub Han, Jun Yong Park
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) and quantitative hepatitis B e antigen (qHBeAg) titers are emerging as useful tools for measuring viral loads and for predicting the virological response (VR) and serological response (SR) to pegylated interferon therapy. However, the clinical utility of these assays in patients taking entecavir (ETV) is largely unknown. Treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who were taking ETV for 2 years were enrolled. The qHBsAg and qHBeAg levels were serially measured with the Architect assay. From 95 patients, 60.0% of whom were hepatitis B e antigen-positive [HBeAg(+)], 475 samples were analyzed. The median baseline log hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, log qHBsAg, and log qHBeAg values were 6.73 copies/mL (4.04-9.11 copies/mL), 3.58 IU/mL (1.17-5.10 IU/mL), and 1.71 Paul Ehrlich (PE) IU/mL (-0.64 to 2.63 PE IU/mL), respectively. For the prediction of VR (HBV DNA < 60 copies/mL at 24 months) in HBeAg(+) patients, baseline alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.013), HBV DNA (P = 0.040), and qHBsAg levels (P = 0.033) were significant. For the prediction of VR, the area under the curve for the baseline log qHBsAg level was 0.823 (P < 0.001); a cutoff level of 3.98 IU/mL (9550 IU/mL on a nonlogarithmic scale) yielded the highest predictive value with a sensitivity of 86.8% and a specificity of 78.9%. As for SR (HBeAg loss at 24 months), the reduction of qHBeAg was significantly greater in the SR(+) group versus the SR(-) group. The sensitivity and specificity were 75.0% and 89.8%, respectively, with a decline of 1.00 PE IU/mL at 6 months. With ETV therapy, the correlation between HBV DNA and qHBsAg peaked at 6 months in HBeAg(+) patients. Both qHBsAg and qHBeAg decreased significantly with ETV therapy. The baseline qHBsAg levels and the on-treatment decline of qHBeAg in HBeAg(+) patients were proven to be highly useful in predicting VR and SR, respectively. The determination of qHBsAg and qHBeAg can help us to select the appropriate strategy for the management of patients with CHB. However, the dynamic interplay between qHBsAg, qHBeAg, and HBV DNA during antiviral therapy remains to be elucidated.
Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in familial Mediterranean fever.
Authors: E Erken, R Gunesacar, S Ozbek, K Konca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To investigate serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and assess its role in acute FMF crisis.Serum sIL-2R concentrations were measured in patients with FMF during acute crises and during inactive periods of the disease, using an immunoenzymatic assay kit. Twenty four FMF patients during acute crisis (active FMF), 17 patients with inactive FMF, 24 healthy controls, and 20 active patients with rheumatoid arthritis (as a disease control group) were studied.Serum sIL-2R concentrations were increased during an acute FMF crisis compared with the values in inactive FMF patients and healthy controls (P = 0.0105 and P = 0.0012 respectively), while there was no significant difference between the mean values in active FMF and rheumatoid arthritis patients (P = 0.7325). In 14 of the FMF group whose blood samples were available in both active and inactive phases, sIL-2R concentrations were significantly higher in an acute attack than in an attack-free period (P = 0.027).An increase in sIL-2R may be a result of hyperreactivity of IL-2R-expressing cells during an acute inflammatory attack of FMF.
T regulatory cells and related immunoregulatory factors in polymorphic light eruption following ultraviolet A1 challenge
Authors: T. Gambichler, S. Terras, P. Kampilafkos, A. Kreuter, M. Skrygan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article T regulatory cells and related immunoregulatory factors in polymorphic light eruption following ultraviolet A1 challenge Get access T. Gambichler, T. Gambichler Department of Dermatology Ruhr‐University Bochum Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany Correspondence Thilo Gambichler. E‐mail: t.gambichler@klinikum-bochum.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Terras, S. Terras Department of Dermatology Ruhr‐University Bochum Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Kampilafkos, P. Kampilafkos Department of Dermatology Ruhr‐University Bochum Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Kreuter, A. Kreuter Department of Dermatology Ruhr‐University Bochum Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Skrygan M. Skrygan Department of Dermatology Ruhr‐University Bochum Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 6, 1 December 2013, Pages 1288–1294, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12608 Published: 01 December 2013
Women's Reproductive Health
Authors: Robin C. Duke
Journal: JAMA (1991)

WE COMMONLY think of family planning as a way for couples to choose when they have children and how many children they have. It is time to recognize the staggering impact of deficient family planning services on health. A worldwide death toll of more than 1 million women each year is caused by unsafe conditions of childbirth; risky, clandestine abortions; and sexually transmitted diseases.<sup>1,2</sup>The lives of approximately 3 million infants and children who now die each year could be saved by using family planning to avert unsafe patterns of childbearing.<sup>2,3</sup> <h3>POVERTY AND HEALTH</h3> Good health is highly dependent on an individual's social and economic setting. Wealthy nations can provide environments that offer protection from the diseases that flourish because of the crowding, malnutrition, and other conditions of poverty. It is easy to forget that the so-called tropical diseases, such as malaria and cholera, now rampant in many
Reviews and Notes: Obesity: New Directions in Assessment and Management
Authors: Abbas E. Kitabchi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine15 May 1996Reviews and Notes: Obesity: New Directions in Assessment and ManagementAbbas E. Kitabchi, MD, PhDAbbas E. Kitabchi, MD, PhDUniversity of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-10-199605150-00043 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TB Van Itallie and Artemis P. Simopoulos; eds. 268 pages. Philadelphia: Charles Pr; 1995. $42.95. ISBN 0-914783-74-2. Order phone 215-545-8933.There is little doubt that obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Although it is associated with multiple pathologic states, the pathogenesis of obesity and its causal relation to multiple risk factors have not been elucidated. As simple as it may appear, even the definition of obesity has not been uniformly agreed on. For example, a direct correlation between upper body adiposity (rather than simple adiposity) and cardiovascular diseases, gout, and diabetes was reported as early as 1947 ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1996Volume 124, Issue 10Page: 936-937KeywordsDietHormonesImaging techniquesInsulin resistanceMedical risk factorsNative American peopleNutritionObesityPathogenesisWeight loss ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Signs, Symptoms, and Systematics
Authors: Robert T. Manning
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A patient presents an array of signs and symptoms which his physician evaluates and analyzes for "diagnostic clues" he hopes will lead him to an understanding of the mechanism of the patient's illness, if not its cause. This diagnostic process followed by each physician should be recognized as one of identifying the patient as being similar to other patients the physician has read about or seen himself. Diagnostic labels derived from such patient study have little importance except as representations of more or less loose association of similar patients about which some statements may be made regarding common mechanisms or causes of illness or regarding therapeutic choice, response and prognosis.<sup>1</sup> Development of a systematic classification of patients into "diagnostic" groups or clusters with similar characteristics is a somewhat different problem and one that must essentially precede the one of identification of the individual patient as belonging to a given
Cavitary Pulmonary Hodgkin Disease
Authors: Paul Kuritzky
Journal: JAMA (1975)

HODGKIN disease with parenchymal pulmonary involvement as the primary manifestation is uncommon despite the 14% to 40% frequency of pulmonary involvement noted in several autopsy series.<sup>1</sup>Also unusual is the association of digital clubbing with Hodgkin disease. We could find only ten cases reported in the literature.<sup>2-3</sup>We report a case of Hodgkin disease in which both pulmonary cavitation and digital clubbing were the initial findings. To our knowledge, this occurrence has not been described previously. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> In April 1974, a 21-year-old woman was admitted to Millard Fillmore Hospital for treatment of a cavitary process in the right lung. Eight months before admission, she had noted generalized pruritus and amenorrhea. Three months later, a persistent cough developed, and she was treated with tetracycline. Hemoptysis occurred, and the patient's weight fell from 47.7 to 40.9 kg (105 to 90 lb). Two months before admission she entered
The Circulatory Effects of the Valsalva Manoeuvre During Anaesthesia and Thoracotomy
Authors: D. B. Scott, K. B. Slawson, S. H. Taylor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Journal Article The Circulatory Effects of the Valsalva Manoeuvre During Anaesthesia and Thoracotomy Get access D. B. Scott, D. B. Scott From the Department of Anaesthetics, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, and the University Department of Medicine, The General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. B. Slawson, K. B. Slawson From the Department of Anaesthetics, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, and the University Department of Medicine, The General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. H. Taylor S. H. Taylor From the Department of Anaesthetics, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, and the University Department of Medicine, The General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 3, Issue 3, July 1969, Pages 331–337, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/3.3.331 Published: 01 July 1969 Article history Received: 24 April 1967 Published: 01 July 1969
Modulation of expression of monocyte/macrophage plasminogen activator activity and its implications for attenuation of vasculopathy.
Authors: C H Lundgren, H Sawa, B E Sobel, S Fujii
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) to its receptor (uPAR) on cell surfaces has the potential to influence degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, uPA bound to monocyte/macrophages and its interactions with plasminogen activator inhibitors types 1 and 2 (PAI-1 and PAI-2) may modify atherogenesis by altering cell-associated proteolytic activity, degradation of ECM, and neointimal formation at sites of vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine whether the expression of proteins on the surface of cells involved in fibrinolysis changes in human cells in response to mediators implicated in atherogenesis, we exposed U937 cells (an immortal human monocyte-like cell line) to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and to thrombin. Induction of uPAR mRNA occurred with TGF-beta (5 ng/mL) in a time-dependent fashion (P = .05; n = 4). Thrombin (5 National Institutes of Health [NIH] U/mL) increased uPAR mRNA by 2.8-fold above control (n = 4) without altering PAI-1 mRNA or protein synthesis (n = 4). The increase in uPAR gene expression in cells exposed to either TGF-beta or thrombin translated into a functional increase in cell-surface proteolytic activity. Under control conditions, U937 cells expressed PAI-2 but not PAI-1 mRNA. PAI-2 mRNA expression increased (P &lt; .05; n = 4) with thrombin (5 NIH U/mL) but was suppressed by TGF-beta (5 ng/mL). TGF-beta induced PAI-1 mRNA within 6 hours accompanied by a 9-fold increase in PAI-1 protein from 6 hours (2.9 +/- 1.9 ng/mL) to 24 hours (20.0 +/- 9.6 ng/mL, P = .005; n = 3) paralleled by increased synthesis as shown in metabolic labeling experiments with 35S-methionine and immunoprecipitation of labeled PAI-1. PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression were seen in human coronary artery atherectomy specimens as well and were localized to analogous monocyte/macrophages and to smooth muscle cells as judged from results of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry studies. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that there is induction of PAI-1 and uPAR in U937 cells exposed to TGF-beta and thrombin. In atheroma, analogous processes may modulate early migration of luminal monocytes into the subintimal space and proteolysis of ECM. Thus, cell surface, monocyte-directed fibrinolysis may influence atherosclerosis, restenosis, or both.
Orphan Data and the Unclosed Loop: A Dilemma in PSRO and Medical Audit
Authors: Alan R. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The experience of the Utah Professional Review Organization in conducting medical audit as a PSRO prototype, and later a PSRO, suggests that usage of diagnosis-oriented process audits, using criteria similar to those supplied by the American Medical Association, will result in accumulation of vast amounts of unusable data. Even studies based on outcome data may fail to change physician behavior substantially because of communication difficulties between the PSRO or hospital conducting the evaluation and the physicians subject to the audit. UPRO's experience suggests that medical audit can be made more effective if it employs a special study format that looks at a particular element of care, selected for its importance to patient welfare and potential for improvement. The study should be based on criteria solidly validated by clinical research, and should involve a direct and personal interaction between the review body and the physician being reviewed.