tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening and Prevention of Nutritional Anemia During Infancy
Authors: Robert B. Berg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

No important differences in hemoglobin and hematocrit values occurred among subgroups of a cohort of 295 healthy, mature infants who were fed various dietary regimens of iron-fortified products, including cereal, whole milk, and corn syrup. Among all infants between the ages of 4 and 27 months, the incidence of hematocrit readings and hemoglobin levels below 30% and 10 g/dl, respectively, was 0.6%, and below 33% and 11 g/dl, respectively, was 3.2%. Because of the low incidence of nutritional anemia after age 4 months, initial screening should be done at 1 to 4 months of age, and selectively thereafter. A formula of evaporated milk and corn syrup plus iron-fortified cereal during early months, then whole milk and a more diversified diet including continued use of iron-fortified cereal during later months of infancy, provides a nutritionally sound and economical diet with sufficient iron. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1362-1365, 1978)
FATE OF NASALLY INSTILLED POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN NORMAL AND CONVALESCENT MONKEYS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PROBLEM OF HOST TO HOST TRANSMISSION
Authors: Albert B. Sabin, Peter K. Olitsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

With a method of intranasal instillation of poliomyelitis virus that brings about infection of all M. rhesus monkeys subjected to it, a study was undertaken of the fate of nasally instilled virus in normal and convalescent, immune animals. Control experiments revealed that nasal mucosa of normal monkeys contained no observable antiviral factors and that when five or ten minimal cerebral infective doses were added to the mucosa, virus could be detected by the employed procedure. In the olfactory bulbs even a single infective dose could be recovered, since suspensions of both bulbs could be transferred to the brain of a monkey without any loss of material. After nasal instillation of virus in normal monkeys, it disappeared quickly (4 hours or less) and could be recovered neither from the excised nasal mucosa nor from the olfactory bulbs during the first 48 hours. At 72 hours, just before or coincident with the first rise of temperature, virus was found in very small amounts in the nasal mucosa and for the first time also in the olfactory bulbs. At 96 hours, at least 3 days before the appearance of nervous signs, and later, while virus continued to be present in considerable amounts in the olfactory bulbs (and presumably elsewhere in the central nervous system), none was detected in the nasal mucosa. In convalescent, immune animals receiving the same strain of virus intranasally which caused the original infection, none could be recovered from the nasal mucosa or central nervous system at 4 hours, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 days. The bearing of these observations on the problem of host to host transmission of poliomyelitis virus is discussed.
Severe angina pectoris. Considerations of surgical and medical management
Authors: T. R. Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Among the giants of internal medicine of the 20th century, James B. Herrick stands tall. Few physicians have described and clearly delineated a disease as important as myocardial infarction. Very few indeed have also opened the door for the understanding of an entirely different but, when considered on a world-wide basis, perhaps equally important group of diseases: the hemoglobinopathies. Therefore, Dr. Herrick's description of sickle cell anemia was also an epochal contribution to clinical medicine. It was my good fortune to meet Dr. Herrick while I was still a fledgling, an intern. His week's sojourn at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital as visiting professor was an inspiration to the entire house staff. His kindness to us and his compassion for patients indicated that he agreed with the statement of Benjamin Franklin: "... when I am employed in serving others I do not look on myself as conferring favors but paying debts."
Abstract 4575: Structure-based design, synthesis and biological testing of highly potent semi-synthetic epipodophyllotoxin-derived hybrid etoposide analogs
Authors: Brian B. Hasinoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Drugs that target DNA topoisomerase II and interact with DNA represent two mechanistically distinct and clinically important classes of anticancer drugs. Using a structure-based design approach a series of epipodophyllotoxin-derived hybrid etoposide analogs were designed, synthesized and biologically characterized. It was hypothesized that combining an epipodophyllotoxin moiety that could interact with specific protein residues on topoisomerase II and DNA-interacting moieties in the same molecule would produce much stronger binding and yield more potent and wide spectrum cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Because the hybrids have unique dual targeting mechanisms, cancer cells should be much less able to develop resistance. The most potent hybrid had a mean GI50 in the NCI-60 cell screen much lower than etoposide. The compounds were much less cross-resistant to a K562-derived etoposide-resistant cell line. All of the hybrids tested targeted topoisomerase II as evidenced by their ability to inhibit kDNA decatenation, to produce linear DNA in a DNA cleavage assay and to form covalent topoisomerase II-DNA covalent complexes in a cellular ICE assay. The DNA double strand breaks the hybrids produced in a cellular γH2AX assay and the G2/M cell cycle blocks were also characteristic of topoisomerase II-targeted drugs. Cell cycle analysis was also used to characterize the targets. A COMPARE analysis indicated that the hybrids had NCI 60-cell growth inhibition profiles of both etoposide and the DNA-interacting moieties from which they were derived. This data supports the conclusion that the hybrids displayed characteristics that were consistent with having targeted both topoisomerase II and DNA. Support: CIHR and a Canada Research Chair in Drug Development. Citation Format: Brian B. Hasinoff. Structure-based design, synthesis and biological testing of highly potent semi-synthetic epipodophyllotoxin-derived hybrid etoposide analogs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4575. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4575
Cardiac enlargement in Jamaicans.
Authors: M T Ashcroft
Journal: BMJ (1972)

There is, however, a much more sinister aspect to this brainwashing Drocess by the new media and by noise affecting young people, and that is loss of critical faculties and increased suggestibility.These two phenomena are well known to psychiatrists and may play their part in the various violent protest movements we are witnessing to-day.We have created a society where for some young people stimulation of the mind by the mass media and by other undesirable aspects of our society, such as many films, comics, loud pop music, noise at work, and traffic has already reached sat- uration point, and the cult of drug addiction may be one wav of escape for them.It is high time our Doliticians and social scientists recognized these facts, as a re- versal of the trend at this stage will prove very difficult.-Iam, etc.
A piece of my mind. The promotion
Authors: W. A. Hensel
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: P. Dorfmüller, F. Perros, K. Balabanian, M. Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Inflammatory mechanisms appear to play a significant role in some types of pulmonary hypertension (PH), including monocrotaline-induced PH in rats and pulmonary arterial hypertension of various origins in humans, such as connective tissue diseases (scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective disease), human immunodeficiency virus infection, or plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal (M) protein and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome. Interestingly, some patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus have experienced significant improvements with immunosuppressive therapy, emphasising the relevance of inflammation in a subset of patients presenting with PH. Patients with primary PH (PPH) also have some immunological disturbances, suggesting a possible role for inflammation in the pathophysiology of this disease. A subset of PPH patients have been shown to have circulating autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibodies, as well as elevated circulating levels of the pro-infammatory cytokines, interleukins ‐1 and ‐6. Lung histology has also revealed inflammatory infiltrates in the range of plexiform lesions in patients displaying severe PPH, as well as an increased expression of the chemokines regulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and fractalkine. Further analysis of the role of inflammatory mechanisms is necessary to understand whether this component of the disease is relevant to its pathophysiology.
HEPATIC INJURY ON A NUTRITIONAL BASIS IN RATS
Authors: Paul György, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

In forty-eight rats kept on a basal diet deficient in the vitamin B complex and supplemented with vitamin B(1) and riboflavin or with vitamin B(1), riboflavin and vitamin B(6), various pathological changes in the liver were observed. These changes were characterized mainly by parenchymatous and fatty degeneration, focal and massive necrosis, hyperemia and hernorrhage and, in some of the rats, by perilobular and condensation fibrosis. Addition of yeast or Peters' eluate (yeast extract) regularly prevented this hepatic injury. On the basis of the evidence obtained, it is assumed that the liver changes are of nutritional origin and should be correlated to deficiency of a part of the vitamin B(2) complex.
Effect of metoprolol on myocardial function and energetics in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Eric J. Eichhorn, Christian M. Heesch, James H. Barnett, Luis G. Alvarez, Steven M. Fass, Paul A. Grayburn, Barbara A. Hatfield, Lucille G. Marcoux, Craig R. Malloy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Surgical Infectious Diseases
Authors: E. Patchen Dellinger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<b>Surgical Infections: Selective Antibiotic Therapy,</b>edited by Robert E. Condon and Sherwood L. Gorbach, 180 pp, with illus, $29.95, Baltimore, Williams &amp; Wilkins Co, 1981. Two recent books are a welcome product of the increase in basic and clinical research in the area of surgical infectious diseases and of a growing degree of collaboration among specialists in this area. After early advances in the practice of asepsis and the basic principles of wound management, most surgeons, with some important exceptions, left research in basic mechanisms of infectious diseases to medical specialists. During several decades of antibiotic proliferation, much infectious disease research concentrated on antibiotic pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action of antimicrobials, and the pathogenesis of systemic diseases caused by single microorganisms. During this period, infectious disease specialists and surgeons have tended to become somewhat separated, each feeling, with some justification, that the other did not fully understand the complexities of his
BLOOD PRESSURE IN ANESTHESIA
Authors: W. Hamilton Long
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, March 22, an article by G. Brown (<i>M. J. Australia</i><b>1:</b>53 [Jan. 19] 1924) on blood pressure during anesthesia is thus abstracted: If during an operation the systolic blood pressure falls to 80 mm. or less, and the pulse pressure to 20 mm. or less, with a pulse rate of 100, Brown terminates the operation as quickly as possible and restorative measures are employed. If this circulatory depression continues for more than twenty minutes, the patient will probably die within three days. Whenever possible the anesthetist should examine the patient fully a day or two before the operation. This is simply the rule formulated and propounded by E. I. McKesson of Toledo several years ago, slightly modified. McKesson first worked out the relation of blood pressure to operative procedure and to shock, over a period of years and in a large series of
Mechanism of Urea Activity In Sickling
Authors: B. D. Ratner, I. F. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Nalbandian et al have recently demonstrated that urea molecules can block and reverse sickling in SS red cells.<sup>1</sup>Murayama has proposed that the sickling results from intertetrameric hydrophobic bonding in deoxygenated hemoglobin S; it has often been suggested that urea acts by breaking down these hydrophobic bonds, thus allowing the hemoglobin S molecule (and SS red blood cell) to return to the expanded native state. This hypothesis becomes unlikely, however, when one compares the concentrations of urea used in vivo to reverse sickling ( ∼ 50-70 millimols/liter) and the concentrations needed to disrupt hydrophobic bonding (&gt; 2M).<sup>2,3</sup>We would like to suggest an alternate hypothesis for the action of urea based upon many similarities in behavior between homogeneous crosslinked gels of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p-HEMA) in aqueous media and hemoglobin S. Hydrogels formed by the solution copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (&lt;5 mols/100 ml) in
Rupatadine in allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria
Authors: J. Mullol, J. Bousquet, C. Bachert, W. G. Canonica, A. Gimenez‐Arnau, M. L. Kowalski, E. Martí‐Guadaño, M. Maurer, C. Picado, G. Scadding, P. Van Cauwenberge
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Histamine is the primary mediator involved the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria, and this explains the prominent role that histamine H 1 ‐receptor antagonists have in the treatment of these disorders. However, histamine is clearly not the only mediator involved in the inflammatory cascade. There is an emerging view that drugs which can inhibit a broader range of inflammatory processes may prove to be more effective in providing symptomatic relief in both allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. This is an important consideration of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative which provides a scientific basis for defining what are the desirable properties of an ‘ideal’ antihistamine. In this review of rupatadine, a newer dual inhibitor of histamine H 1 ‐ and PAF‐receptors, we evaluate the evidence for a mechanism of action which includes anti‐inflammatory effects in addition to a powerful inhibition of H 1 ‐ and PAF‐receptors. We assess this in relation to the clinical efficacy (particularly the speed of onset of action) and safety of rupatadine, and importantly its longer term utility in everyday life. In clinical trials, rupatadine has been shown to be an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). It has a fast onset of action, producing rapid symptomatic relief, and it also has an extended duration of clinical activity which allows once‐daily administration. In comparative clinical trials rupatadine was shown to be at least as effective as drugs such as loratadine, cetirizine, desloratadine and ebastine in reducing allergic symptoms in adult/adolescent patients with seasonal, perennial or persistent allergic rhinitis. Importantly, rupatadine demonstrated no adverse cardiovascular effects in preclinical or extensive clinical testing, nor negative significant effects on cognition or psychomotor performance (including a practical driving study). It improved the overall well‐being of patients with allergic rhinitis or CIU based on findings from quality of life questionnaires and patient global rating scores in clinical trials. Thus, rupatadine is a recently introduced dual inhibitor of histamine H 1 ‐ and PAF‐receptors, which has been shown to be an effective and generally well‐tolerated treatment for allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It possesses a broader profile of anti‐inflammatory properties inhibiting both inflammatory cells and a range of mediators involved in the early‐ and late‐phase inflammatory response, but the clinical relevance of these effects remain to be clarified.
"Benign" monoclonal IgE gammopathy.
Authors: H Ludwig, W Vormittag
Journal: BMJ (1980)

So far IgE monoclonal paraproteins have been found only in patients with malignant diseases, though there are benign monoclonal paraproteins of other immunoglobulin classes. A patient with osteoporosis first seen in Paris in 1965 was found to have a paraprotein type lambda. In 1977 immunoelectrophoresis identified this as IgE lambda paraprotein, and immunodiffusion studies showed precipitin bands identical with those in patients with IgE myeloma. This patient seemed to have a benign monoclonal IgE gammopathy which had existed for 14 years. Though the possibility of transition into multiple myeloma cannot be excluded, this case suggests that a monoclonal expansion of IgE lymphocytes need not produce malignant change.
Coding of adverse events of suicidality in clinical study reports of duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder: descriptive study
Authors: E. Maund, B. Tendal, A. Hrobjartsson, A. Lundh, P. C. Gotzsche
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effects of coding and coding conventions on summaries and tabulations of adverse events data on suicidality within clinical study reports. <b>Design</b> Systematic electronic search for adverse events of suicidality in tables, narratives, and listings of adverse events in individual patients within clinical study reports. Where possible, for each event we extracted the original term reported by the investigator, the term as coded by the medical coding dictionary, medical coding dictionary used, and the patient's trial identification number. Using the patient's trial identification number, we attempted to reconcile data on the same event between the different formats for presenting data on adverse events within the clinical study report. <b>Setting</b> 9 randomised placebo controlled trials of duloxetine for major depressive disorder submitted to the European Medicines Agency for marketing approval. <b>Data sources</b> Clinical study reports obtained from the EMA in 2011. <b>Results</b> Six trials used the medical coding dictionary COSTART (Coding Symbols for a Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction Terms) and three used MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities). Suicides were clearly identifiable in all formats of adverse event data in clinical study reports. Suicide attempts presented in tables included both definitive and provisional diagnoses. Suicidal ideation and preparatory behaviour were obscured in some tables owing to the lack of specificity of the medical coding dictionary, especially COSTART. Furthermore, we found one event of suicidal ideation described in narrative text that was absent from tables and adverse event listings of individual patients. The reason for this is unclear, but may be due to the coding conventions used. <b>Conclusion</b> Data on adverse events in tables in clinical study reports may not accurately represent the underlying patient data because of the medical dictionaries and coding conventions used. In clinical study reports, the listings of adverse events for individual patients and narratives of adverse events can provide additional information, including original investigator reported adverse event terms, which can enable a more accurate estimate of harms.
Effectiveness of right heart catheterization: time for a randomized trial
Authors: S. W. Sharkey
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The study by Dr Connors and colleagues 1 has reignited the controversy surrounding the use of the PA catheter in critically ill patients. I do not argue with the results of this well-conducted study, but I wonder why the authors have restricted their focus to the procedure of RHC. Would the results be similar if the authors had tested other procedures commonly performed in the critically ill such as central venous catheterization, intubation and mechanical ventilation, and catheterization of the urinary bladder? Perhaps it is the insertion of a central venous catheter (not the RHC itself) that is associated with increased mortality.  The 30-day survival curves shown in Figure 2 1 are of interest. The curves begin to diverge at hospital day 5 and diverge even further between days 5 and 30. Do the authors propose that RHC on day 1 is somehow responsible for this progressive difference in survival?
Providencia alcalifaciens and travellers' diarrhoea.
Authors: J. Haynes, P. M. Hawkey
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Comparaison de 2 groupes de malades atteints de diarrhee; un groupe reunit des sujets revenant de voyages lointains des examens de selles revelent la presence de Providencia alcalifaciens beaucoup plus frequemment dans le groupe de voyageurs, surtout revenant de pays mediterraneens, et la presence de Campylobacter plus souvent dans le groupe non voyageur
Ikappa B kinaseβ/nuclear factor-κB activation controls the development of liver metastasis by way of interleukin-6 expression
Authors: Shin Maeda, Yohko Hikiba, Kei Sakamoto, Hayato Nakagawa, Yoshihiro Hirata, Yoku Hayakawa, Ayako Yanai, Keiji Ogura, Michael Karin, Masao Omata
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) plays an important role in the regulation of innate immune responses, apoptosis, inflammation, and oncogenesis. NF-κB activation in the liver was observed after intrasplenic administration of a lung carcinoma cell line, LLC, which induces liver metastasis. To explore the role of Ikappa B kinase beta (IKKβ), which is the critical kinase of the IKK complex, and NF-κB activation in metastasis, we injected LLC cells into hepatocyte-specific IKKβ knockout mice (IkkβΔhep), whole-liver knockout (IkkβΔL+H) mice, and control (IkkβF/F) mice. IkkβΔL+H mice developed liver metastasis with significantly lower liver weights and fewer metastatic foci compared to IkkβΔhep and IkkβF/F mice. Furthermore, intrasplenic LLC injection induced the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in IkkβF/F mice, whereas these genes were less expressed in IkkβΔL+H mice. IL-6−/− mice and treatment with anti-IL-6 receptor antibody showed a lesser degree of metastatic tumor, indicating that IL-6 is associated with liver metastasis. Conclusion: Collectively, these observations suggest that IKKβ/NF-κB activation controls the development of liver metastasis by way of IL-6 expression and is a potential target for the development of antimetastatic drugs. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)