tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.
Authors: D Poller, J S Dawson, A R Manhire
Journal: Gut (1992)

Comprehensive population-based data on the role of respiratory viruses in the development of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) remain unclear. We investigated the incidences and effect of respiratory viruses single and multiple infections on risk of LTIs in Vietnam. Population-based prospective surveillance and case-control study of hospitalised paediatric ARI were conducted from April 2007 through March 2010. Healthy controls were randomly recruited from the same community. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested for 13 respiratory viruses using multiplex-polymerase chain reactions. 1,992 hospitalised ARI episodes including 397(19.9%) with LRIs were enrolled. Incidence of hospitalised LRIs among children under 24 months was 2,171.9 per 100,000(95% confidence interval: 1,947.9 – 2,419.7). The majority of ARI cases(60.9%) were positive for at least one virus. Human rhinovirus (HRV)(24.2%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)(20.1%), and influenza A virus (FLUA)(12.0%) were the most common and 9.5% had multiple-viral infections. RSV and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections independently increased the risk of LRIs. RSV further increased the risk, when co-infected with HRV, HMPV and Parainfluenzavirus-3 but not with FLUA. The case-control analysis revealed that RSV and FLUA increased the risk of ARI hospitalization but not HRV. RSV is the leading pathogens associated with risk of ARI hospitalization and LTIs in Vietnam.
Effect of depletion of epidermal dendritic cells on the induction of contact sensitivity in the guinea-pig
Authors: D. BAKER, D. DARIEN PARKER, J.L. TURK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Guinea pig skin was depleted of Langerhans cells (LC) as assessed by ATPase and Ia staining using several techniques. The LCs were depleted either by tape‐stripping or exposure of the animals to UV‐B or UV‐C radiation. Guinea‐pigs were sensitized to 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by application of the sensitizer to the epidermis depleted of LC. Minimally suppressed contact reactions were found in animals exposed to both wavelengths of radiation, but this was shown to be a systemic rather than a local effect. Tape‐stripping did not alter the degree of contact sensitivity when guinea‐pigs were sensitized with a large dose of DCNB. When a non‐sensitizing dose of DNCB was applied to the ear depleted of LC by tape‐stripping, contact sensitivity resulted. Although the depletion of LCs was 97% following UV‐B, 93% with UV‐C and 78% after tape‐stripping, at no time were LCs completely absent from the epidermis.
Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves survival in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: M. Attal, J.-L. Harousseau, S. Leyvraz, C. Doyen, C. Hulin, L. Benboubker, I. Y. Agha, J.-H. Bourhis, L. Garderet, B. Pegourie, C. Dumontet, M. Renaud, L. Voillat, C. Berthou, G. Marit, M. Monconduit, D. Caillot, B. Grobois, H. Avet-Loiseau, P. Moreau, T. Facon
Journal: Blood (2006)
Unfavorable Signs in Patients with Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: ATHANASIOS THEOLOGIDES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The prognosis of an individual case of chronic myelocytic leukemia may be uncertain. The criteria for predicting the course of the disease, the response to chemotherapy, and the life expectancy have been unreliable. Recently some of these criteria have been reevaluated, and new, more dependable criteria for an unfavorable course have been introduced. Fever, marked lymphadenopathy, and skin involvement are ominous features. The absence of Philadelphia chromosome, the presence of muramidasuria, and the detection of fibrosis in the bone marrow are unfavorable findings. Increasing basophilia, rising leukocyte alkaline phosphatase values (not resulting from a beneficial effect of chemotherapy but associated with clinical deterioration), appearance of multiple Philadelphia chromosomes, development of aneuploidy or other chromosome abnormalities, and the development of myelofibrosis may herald an impending blastic transformation and the terminal phase of the disease.
Lamivudine is not effective in the treatment of non-cirrhotic HBeAg (−) chronic hepatitis B patients with low level viremia
Authors: Hakan Bozkaya, Cihan Yurdaydin, Mithat Bozdayi, Armagan Kocer Sagiroglu, Ozlem Erkan, Ozden Uzunalimoglu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Evidence for a transmissible factor in Crohn's disease.
Authors: B J Donnelly, P V Delaney, T M Healy
Journal: Gut (1977)

The injection of rabbits' ileum with homogenates of both normal and Crohn's affected human bowel tissue gave Crohn's-like changes in 11 of 27 animals after six months, but 12 months after injection the rabbit bowel had reverted to normal. The addition of ampicillin to the homogenates prevented the appearance of these Crohn's-like changes in 12 out of 12 rabbits. These results are interpreted as providing evidence for a transmissible factor present in both normal and Crohn's affected bowel in the aetiology of Crohn's disease.
COORDINATED MEDICAL PROGRAM FOR DOMICILIARY PATIENTS IN A VETERANS HOSPITAL
Authors: Thomas F. Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The Veterans Administration is at present furnishing medical care to approximately 17,000 chronically ill veterans in 15 domiciliary units in the United States. The largest of these domiciliary units has a capacity of 3,074 veterans and comprises part of the Los Angeles Veterans Administration Center. A 1,400 bed general medical and surgical hospital and a 2,000 bed neuropsychiatric hospital complete the medical facilities of the center. Both hospitals function under the Veterans Administration Deans' Committee Program.  MEDICAL PROGRAM  During the past two years, a coordinated medical program has been established in the domiciliary unit under the supervision of the chief of professional services of the general medical and surgical hospital. The purpose of this program has been to improve the medical care given the 3,074 chronically ill, aging veterans residing in the domiciliary unit by (a) critically evaluating their medical, psychological, and sociologic problems, (b) returning as many as possible
Establishment and Characterization of a Cell Line from Human Circulating Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Laure Cayrefourcq, Thibault Mazard, Simon Joosse, Jérôme Solassol, Jeanne Ramos, Eric Assenat, Udo Schumacher, Valérie Costes, Thierry Maudelonde, Klaus Pantel, Catherine Alix-Panabières
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in blood are promising new biomarkers potentially useful for prognostic prediction and monitoring of therapies in patients with solid tumors including colon cancer. Moreover, CTC research opens a new avenue for understanding the biology of metastasis in patients with cancer. However, an in-depth investigation of CTCs is hampered by the very low number of these cells, especially in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer. Thus, the establishment of cell cultures and permanent cell lines from CTCs has become the most challenging task over the past year. Here, we describe, for the first time, the establishment of cell cultures and a permanent cell line from CTCs of one patient with colon cancer. The cell line designated CTC-MCC-41 has been cultured for more than one year, and the cells have been characterized at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and secretome levels. This thorough analysis showed that CTC-MCC-41 cells resemble characteristics of the original tumor cells in the patient with colon cancer and display a stable phenotype characterized by an intermediate epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, stem cell-like properties, and an osteomimetic signature, indicating a bone marrow origin. Functional studies showed that CTC-MCC-41 cells induced rapidly in vitro endothelial cell tube formation and in vivo tumors after xenografting in immunodeficient mice. The establishment of this first colon cancer CTC line allows now a wealth of functional studies on the biology of CTCs as well as in vitro and in vivo drug testing.
Antiallergic actions of high topical doses of terbutaline in human nasal airways
Authors: C. Svensson, L. Greiff, M. Andersson, U. Alkner, R. Grönneberg, C. G. A. Persson
Journal: Allergy (1995)

It is debatable whether β 2 ‐receptor agonists produce antiallergic effects in human airways. This question has been addressed in the present study by examination of both mast‐cell indices and the physiologic response to allergen challenge in human nasal airways. Twelve asymptomatic patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were investigated outside the pollen season. Intranasal allergen provocation was carried out with diluent and three increasing doses of allergen. Topical terbutaline sulfate (1.0 mg) was given 5 min prior to each allergen challenge and nasal lavage was carried out 10 min after each challenge. The study design was double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover, and randomized. The allergen challenge‐induced mast‐cell activation and the ensuing physiologic response of the airway tissue were investigated by measuring a mast‐cell‐derived mediator (tryptase) and plasma proteins (albumin and α 2 macroglobulin), respectively, in the lavage fluids. Allergen provocation produced dose‐dependent increments of nasal symptoms and lavage fluid levels of tryptase, albumin and α 2 ‐macroglobulin. Both nasal symptoms ( p ≤0.05) and lavage fluid levels of tryptase ( p ≤0.05), albumin ( p ≤0.05), and α 2 ‐macroglobulin ( p ≤0.01) were reduced by pretreatment with topical terbutaline sulfate. We conclude that high doses of topical terbutaline may produce significant antiallergic effects in human airways by equally reducing both tryptase release and plasma exudation in the acute allergic reaction in human airways. Further studies are now warranted to determine whether microvascular antipermeability effects of (β 2 ‐receptor stimulation contribute to the present observations.
Human prothymocytes. Membrane properties, differentiation patterns, glucocorticoid sensitivity, and ultrastructural features.
Authors: U Galili, A Polliack, E Okon, R Leizerovitz, H Gamliel, A Korkesh, J G Schenkar, G Izak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Thymic precursor cells (prothymocytes) comprise a large proportion of the fetal thymic cell population, but are less frequently encountered in the postnatal thymus, where they compose < 1% of the entire population. In the present study we attempted to characterize a number of properties of the prothymocytes obtained from human fetal thymic tissues after depletion of the E-rosette thymocyes on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. The prothymocytes are larger than the thymocytes and show a different nuclear chromatin pattern. This subset of cells lacks the E-rosetting and natural-attachment capacities and, unlike thymocytes, does not bind the lectin peanut agglutinin. Human prothymocytes are highly sensitive to the in vitro cytolytic effect of hydrocortisone, whereas the thymocytes are resistant. Long-term in vitro culture of prothymocytes resulted in the expression of thymocyte characteristics together with a burst of mitotic activity. Results of this study indicate that the rate of the prothymocyte proliferation is regulated by the small thymocytes present in the same suspension.
Relationship Between Normal Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Women at Risk for Gestational Diabetes and Large for Gestational Age Infants
Authors: George Phillipou
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To determine whether the glycemic status of pregnant women with a normal 3-h 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is related to outcome with respect to large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Research Design and Methods A prospective study of 2631 women was conducted. One hundred seventy-six women had an OGTT based either on a 1-h 50-g OGTT (n = 105) or clinical risk factors (n = 71). Thirty-three women were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus. Results Negligible discriminatory capacity for the variables with respect to prediction of LGA infants was indicated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for fasting blood glucose, 2-h OGTT blood glucose, and the OGTT response curve area for women with a normal OGTT (n = 143). However, a statistically significant increased incidence of LGA infants was established for both the OGTT-positive and normal OGTT groups (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Multiparity, a maternal weight &amp;gt; 70 kg, and birth of a male infant were other factors associated with a significantly increased frequency of LGA infants. Conclusions The results may be interpreted as either indicating a role for confounding variables, i.e., maternal weight, multiparity, and birth of a male infant, or the imprecision of the OGTT in assessing physiologically important changes in maternal hyperglycemia.
Assessing clinical trials
Authors: L. A Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1981)

treatment or a new application of an established treatment.It is ethically mandatory to do so because, ab initio, one cannot know the precise short-term results of the treatment and one has no idea at all of long-term effects.Where there is alternative therapy it is equally unknown which is the superior treatment and therefore any patient should be given at least an equal chance of receiving the better treatment.
The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Neuropsychiatry
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This invaluable, peerless book examines the explosion of knowledge in neuropsychiatry. The chapter authors, world-renowned experts in their fields, do a striking job of presenting complex material in an easy to understand and remember fashion. Section 1, on the basic principles of neuroscience, begins by recognizing the neurodevelopmental aberrations that cause many neuropsychiatric disorders. As understanding of the neuron increases, these disorders will soon be pre- ventable. The chapter on electrophysiology touts the study of sleep and psychiatric disorders as rich areas for future fruitful investigations. This section also contains a great deal of up-to-date information about central nervous system receptors and substantive data on which parts of the brain are responsible for behavioral, emotional, and cognitive functions. The second section contains worth-while information on examining neuropsychiatric patients, electrodiagnostic techniques, and neuropsychological tests. A new chapter on clinical imagining is extremely informative about new techniques and contains computed tomographic
Reasons for Increasing Administrative Costs in Hospitals
Authors: David J. Shulkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To evaluate trends in administrative expenditures by examining changes in administrative costs compared with other areas of the hospital budget, changes in expenditures for patient care departments compared with nonpatient care departments, and departments with a greater number of regulatory requirements compared with those with fewer regulatory requirements. Design: Annual hospital operating budgets submitted to Blue Cross were examined for an 8-year period from 1983 to 1990. Participants: Seventy hospitals in Western Pennsylvania. Measurements: Annual operating expenditures. Results: Total administrative expenditures showed a larger growth rate (90%) than service departments (29%), ancillary services (30%), professional care (52%), miscellaneous expenses (70%), and the total hospital budget (45%). Administrative costs increased from 10.6% as a proportion of the total hospital budget in 1983 to 13.9% in 1990. These increases were seen regardless of hospital size. Departments with a greater number of regulatory obligations had a greater increase in expenditures (84%) than did departments with fewer regulatory requirements (5%). However, overall expenditures in departments with direct patient care responsibilities did not increase appreciably faster (44%) than in departments not providing clinical services (46%), possibly reflecting the fact that administrative costs may be increasing equally in both areas. Conclusions: Administrative costs were found to be one of the fastest growing components of hospital budgets. Future research should determine the effect of these increases on the quality of patient care.
eGFP reporter genes silence LCRβ-globin transgene expression via CpG dinucleotides
Authors: Bruno Dalle, Joel E. Rubin, Ozan Alkan, Tanya Sukonnik, Peter Pasceri, Shuyuan Yao, Rob Pawliuk, Philippe Leboulch, James Ellis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

β-Globin transgenes regulated by the locus control region (LCR) are dominantly silenced by linked bacterial reporter genes in transgenic mice. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) from jellyfish is an alternative reporter used in retrovirus vectors to transfer LCRβ-globin genes into bone marrow. We show here that the eGFP coding sequence silences LCRβ-globin in transgenic mice, but the PGK promoter did not provoke such silencing. As eGFP contains 60 CpG dinucleotides, which are targets of DNA methylation, we synthesized a novel CpG-free variant called dmGFP. Its utility was demonstrated in MSCV retrovirus vectors transcriptionally controlled by the viral 5′LTR or internal PGK or EF1α promoter. Specific fluorescence was detected from eGFP, and at lower levels from dmGFP, in transduced mouse CFU-S and embryonic stem cells. While eGFP was rarely silenced in CFU-S, dmGFP was not silenced in these progenitors. Moreover, the dmGFP coding sequence did not silence LCRβ-globin in transgenic mice, showing that the eGFP silencing mechanism acts primarily via CpG dinucleotides. However, LCRβ-globin expression remained suboptimal, indicating that other silencing pathways recognize dmGFP in the absence of CpG dinucleotides. We conclude that dmGFP ameliorates silencing, but optimal LCRβ-globin expression is obtained in the absence of nonmammalian reporters.
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with Cisplatin and Vinorelbine for Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yoichi Naito, Kaoru Kubota, Keiji Nihei, Tomonori Fujii, Kiyotaka Yoh, Seiji Niho, Koichi Goto, Hironobu Ohmatsu, Nagahiro Saijo, Yutaka Nishiwaki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Aspects of student health. Specific psychological problems.
Authors: H E Veasey
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Research psychologists are often criticised for their over- reliance on university undergraduates as experimental subjects.Though generally unfortunate, this marriage of convenience is a bonus for the psychologist working in a student health centre.Although caution and scepticism are essential when moving from the laboratory to the clinic, a knowledge of how the student thinks, feels, and acts under various intellectual, physical, and social conditions may stimulate useful ideas for treatment.
Blood-brain barrier-permeable fluorone-labeled dieckols acting as neuronal ER stress signaling inhibitors
Authors: Jong Hwan Kwak, Zhigang Yang, Byungkwon Yoon, Yanxia He, Soojin Uhm, Hyeon-Cheol Shin, Bong Ho Lee, Yung Choon Yoo, Kyung Bok Lee, Seung-Yun Han, Jong Seung Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Inhibition of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function by 2-cyclohexene-1-one. A role for glutathione in cell activation.
Authors: H J Wedner, L Simchowitz, W F Stenson, C M Fischman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

2-cyclohexene-1-one and diethyl maleate specifically decrease reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by direct conjugation, and by interaction with the glutathione-s-transferase system. Using these two nontoxic reagents we have examined the effect of decreased GSH levels on five parameters of PMN activation: superoxide generation, release of the lysosomal enzymes lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase, and increases in the influx of Na+ and Ca2+. When PMN pretreated with 2-cyclohexene-1-one or diethyl maleate were incubated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or the proteolytic fragment of the fifth component membrane of complement, C5a, agents that interact with surface membrane receptors, increases in all five parameters were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. For O-2 generation and lysosomal enzyme release the ID50 for 2-CHX-1 was 40--90 micrometers corresponding with a 30--50% decrease in intracellular GHS. In contrast stimulation of treated PMN by the divalent cation ionophore A23187 or 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was much less sensitive to depressed GSH; the ID50 for 2-cyclohexene-1-one was 1 mM or greater, corresponding with an 80--90% decrease in GSH. The effect of lowered GSH was not the result of decreased binding of FMLP to surface receptors because [3H]-FMLP binding studies demonstrated a two- to three-fold increase in the number of available binding sites. These data indicate that normal GSH levels are necessary for the transduction of the activation signal from the exterior to the interior of the PMN, but once initiated the activation sequence proceeds normally despite markedly lowered intracellular GSH.
Goiter in Gandhara
Authors: Baruch S. Blumberg
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In 327 BC the Greeks under Alexander reached the limits of their Eastern expansion with the conquest of the ancient province of Gandhara. The Mediterranean influence first introduced by the Macedonian and his armies continued intermittently for more than 500 years. In the first and second century AD, Gandhara flourished as a center of provincial Roman art, presumably initiated by Eastern Romans who came into the kingdom along with commercial and other influences. Although the form of the art was Roman-classical (but strongly influenced by native Indian sources ), the context was Buddhist. Many of the statues, friezes, deeply carved reliefs, and terra-cottas used as balustrades, stair risers, and decorations in the stupas (relic mounds) and public buildings contained representations of historical and legendary episodes from the various lives of Lord Buddha. In one of these, an individual with a goiter is shown. The present paper describes this representation, reports on
Multi-functional cytotoxic T cell expansion correlates with overall survival after administration of autologous dendritic cell immunotherapy in renal cell cancer patients
Authors: M DeBenedette, I Jurisica, A Gamble, W Lewis, E Wansley, I Tcherepanova, C Nicolette
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts AGS-003 is an autologous dendritic cell immunotherapy consisting of matured DC co-electroporated with amplified autologous tumor RNA and synthetic CD40L RNA. A Phase 2 trial evaluated AGS-003-induced T cell immunity in RCC patients in combination with sunitinib. A comprehensive
Depression and suicidality in COPD: understandable reaction or independent disorders?
Authors: Ulrich Hegerl, Roland Mergl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Both depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prevalent, severe and often comorbid disorders. There is a risk of undertreatment for depression in patients with COPD as depressive symptoms, including suicidal tendencies, can erroneously be conceptualised as an understandable reaction to COPD and not as signs of an independent depressive disorder. In this context, the comorbidity rates of COPD and depression, the risk of suicidal behaviour in patients with COPD, and the evidence base for pharmaco- and psychotherapy in these patients are reviewed. Because symptoms of depression and COPD overlap it remains unclear how far the prevalence of major depression in COPD exceeds that in the general population. The suicide risk appears to be increased in COPD. Methodological studies providing evidence for the antidepressant efficacy of antidepressants or psychotherapy in patients with COPD are lacking. Recommendations for clinicians on how to separate depression from an understandable reaction to COPD are provided. Given the profound effects of depression on quality of life, life expectancy, COPD prognosis and suicide risk it is important to carefully diagnose and treat depression in patients with COPD according to national guidelines.