tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Limiting Handgun Purchases on Interstate Transfer of Firearms
Authors: Douglas S. Weil
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effect of limiting handgun purchases to 1 per month on the illegal movement of firearms across state lines. <h3>Design.</h3> —Data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms firearms trace database were obtained for traces requested for firearms recovered in connection with criminal investigations. The analysis incorporates data on date and location of purchase for 14606 firearms purchased prior to (September 1989 through June 1993) and after (July 1993 through March 1995) enactment of a Virginia law limiting handgun purchases to 1 per month. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Odds of tracing a firearm acquired prior to implementation of the law to Virginia vs another state in the Southeast compared with the odds for firearms acquired after the law took effect. <h3>Results.</h3> —For firearms recovered anywhere in the United States, 3201 (27%) of 11 876 acquired prior to the implementation of the law and 519 (19%) of 2730 purchased after the law was enacted were traced to Virginia (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-0.71). For traces initiated in the northeast corridor (New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts), 1103 (34.8%) of 3169 of the firearms acquired before the 1-gun-a-month law took effect and 142 (15.5%) of 919 firearms purchased after implementation were traced to Virginia (OR, 0.34; CI, 0.28-0.41). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Gun control policies involving licensing, registration, and restricting the number of purchases represent efforts to limit the supply of guns available in the illegal market. This study provides evidence that restricting handgun purchases to 1 per month is an effective means of disrupting the illegal interstate transfer of firearms. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1759-1761)
Follow-Up of Treatment Failure: Psychosis and Character Disorder
Authors: FREDERIC M. QUITKIN, DONALD F. KLEIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Sixty-one patients transferred from an open hospital to a more authoritarian setting because of unmanageable behavior or anticipated inability to adjust were followed up. Ninety-one percent of those diagnosed by a research psychiatrist as having character disorders, most of whom had been considered schizophrenic by the hospital staff, reversed their destructive patterns and achieved early discharge. The authors discuss the regressive pull of nonauthoritarian treatment for certain types of character disorders and contrast this with a relative lack of environmental impact on refractory psychotic patients.
TETANUS; ANTI-TETANIC SERUM; REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: HUGH F. McGAUGHEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Tetanus is a toxic infection dependent on the products of a specific germ. It is spoken of as traumatic when the infection takes place through a recognized wound. In idiopathic tetanus the infection atrium is some unnoted lesion. It is possible that the germs may sometimes find entrance through mucous membranes. Infection after labor gives rise to puerperal tetanus. Trismus neonatorum occurs as a rule through inoculation of the umbilicus. Tetanus cephalicus sometimes results from wounds of the head, the symptoms being limited to this region. The bacillus of tetanus was first described by Nicolaier, in 1884. He obtained it from wounds and from the soil. Five years later Kitasato secured it in pure culture. The germ itself is not tenacious of life. It is strictly anaerobic, oxygen preventing its growth. Under favorable conditions spores form in one end of the rod-like germs, giving them a characteristic drumstick shape. The
New serological test for malaria antibodies.
Authors: A Voller, G Huldt, C Thors, E Engvall
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for malaria antibodies, antibodies to Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in man are detected using a crude antigen prepared from the simian malaria parasite P. knowlesi. The test may be suitable for epidemiological studies.
Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids (TRACK): A caregiver-completed questionnaire for preschool-aged children
Authors: Kevin R. Murphy, Robert S. Zeiger, Mark Kosinski, Bradley Chipps, Michael Mellon, Michael Schatz, Kathy Lampl, Jennifer T. Hanlon, Sulabha Ramachandran
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes*
Authors: SUAD EFENDIĆ, ROLF LUFT, ALEXANDRE WAJNGOT
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1984)

Journal Article Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Get access Suad Efendić, Suad Efendić 1Department of Endocrinology Karolinska Hospital, 104 01 Stockholm, Sweden †Address requests for reprints to: Dr. Suad Efendić, Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska Hospital, 104 01 Stockholm, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rolf Luft, Rolf Luft 1Department of Endocrinology Karolinska Hospital, 104 01 Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alexandre Wajngot Alexandre Wajngot 1Department of Endocrinology Karolinska Hospital, 104 01 Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrine Reviews, Volume 5, Issue 3, 1 July 1984, Pages 395–410, https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-5-3-395 Published: 01 July 1984
Modulation of coronary autoregulatory responses by nitric oxide. Evidence for flow-dependent resistance adjustments in conscious dogs.
Authors: T P Smith, J M Canty
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The present study tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide production in coronary resistance vessels is an important mechanism affecting the regulation of myocardial perfusion in unanesthetized dogs. We inhibited nitric oxide synthesis with the arginine analogue N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg) and maintained the compressive determinants of myocardial blood flow constant by ventricular pacing. L-NAME did not affect resting coronary blood flow and reduced the receptor-mediated increase in flow to intracoronary acetylcholine (100 micrograms/min IC) from 143 +/- 20% (mean +/- SEM) under control conditions to 31 +/- 10% after L-NAME (P &lt; .001). Coronary autoregulatory relations were determined as steady-state coronary pressure was reduced by inflating a hydraulic occluder. Initial resistance adjustments over the autoregulatory plateau were not affected by L-NAME. Closed-loop autoregulatory gain was 0.84 +/- 0.09 under control conditions versus 0.78 +/- 0.07 after L-NAME (P = NS). As coronary pressure was reduced further, however, the critical pressure at which myocardial ischemia began (lower autoregulatory break point) increased from 45 +/- 3 mm Hg under control conditions to 61 +/- 2 mm Hg (P &lt; .001) after L-NAME. In addition, the slope of the coronary pressure-flow relation below the autoregulatory break point was reduced (1.0 +/- 0.2 versus 0.58 +/- 0.09 mL.min-1.mm Hg-1 after L-NAME, P &lt; .05), reflecting a reduction in the maximal conductance recruitable during ischemia. In concert with the effects of L-NAME on autoregulatory responses during ischemia, peak reactive hyperemic flow to a 30-second coronary occlusion was also reduced (from 200 +/- 22 to 166 +/- 24 mL/min after L-NAME, P &lt; .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interrelation between Alterations in Pulmonary Mechanics and hemodynamics in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Benjamin Interiano, Richard W. Hyde, Morrison Hodges, Paul N. Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Pulmonary mechanics were evaluated in 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction by measuring forced expiratory flow rates and total pulmonary resistance (R(T)) with the oscillometric method at the resonant frequency of the chest (6-8) cycle/s). During the first 3 days after infarction, forced expiratory volume (FEV) and forced mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF(25-75%)) were 69% and 60% of predicted values, respectively. 10 or more wk later these values were 95% and 91%. Initially, R(T) was 52% greater than predicted, but was only 4% greater 10 or more wk later. In 11 patients R(T) was measured at both resonant frequency and at 3 cycle/s. Five of these patients had no clinical signs of heart failure, but nine had abnormally high values of pulmonary artery pressure, "wedge" pressure and pulmonary extravascular water volume. All of these patients recovered. Initially, R(T) at resonance was 50% and R(T) at 3 cycle/s was 130% greater than predicted values. 2-3 wk later these figures were -3% and +6% of those predicted, respectively. At 10 wk or more, significant frequency dependence of R(T) had disappeared (R(T) at 3 cycle/s was 7% greater than R(T) at resonance). Isoproterenol inhalation in six patients caused no change in flow rates, R(T) at resonance, or R(T) at 3 cycle/s. R(T) at resonance and at 3 cycle/s, FEV, and FEF(25-75%) correlated significantly with the pulmonary vascular pressures. Patients with more marked arterial hypoxia and larger values for extravascular water volume had greater elevations of R(T) and depression of FEF(25-75%), but linear correlations were not significant. Clinical signs of congestive heart failure significantly correlated with a fall in FEV and FEF(25-75%), the development of frequency dependence of R(T), and elevation of the pulmonary wedge pressure. The initial elevation of R(T) and low flow rates indicate a modest degree of airway obstruction in acute myocardial infarction. Lack of response to isoproterenol suggests that bronchial muscular constriction is not a major factor. Frequency dependence of R(T) accompanied by elevated pulmonary vascular pressures and extravascular water volume indicates that pulmonary congestion causes the development of uneven time constants in the airways. Vascular engorgement and interstitial edema from elevated vascular pressures causing narrowing of the peripheral airways and closure of collateral airways could account for the above findings.
Letter: Clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
Authors: B R Miller, M H Wheeler
Journal: BMJ (1975)

It would be well to remind those faced with this difficult therapeutic problem that the only proved portal of entry of candida following cardiac surgery is the infected intravenous drip site, through which antibacterial antibiotics are often being ad- ministered, thus providing a further selective pressure.7An essential part of the manage- ment is the removal and if necessary re- placement of these infected intravenous lines, though this alone cannot be relied upon to be curative.Perhaps it is wise to reconsider the twice-weekly flushing of long-standing infusions with dilute solutions of amphotericin, as suggested by Brennan and his colleagues.
Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.
Authors: Timothy W Lambert, Stephanie Lane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

This study evaluated lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in the residential communities adjacent to the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds, the area considered Canada's worst contaminated site. The tar pond remediation policy has been limited to the site and some residential properties. We compared background concentrations in 91 soil samples taken 5-20 km from the coke oven site with those in soil samples from the three communities surrounding the tar ponds: Whitney Pier, Ashby, and North End. These surrounding communities were statistically different from background regarding arsenic, lead, and PAHs. Twenty percent of the background soil samples and 95% of the tar pond soil samples were above the Canadian health-risk-based soil guidelines for arsenic (12 ppm), and 5% of the background samples and 80% of the tar pond soil samples were above the Canadian guidelines for lead (140 ppm). Regarding dust lead and arsenic loading, the results provide no evidence that Whitney Pier is significantly different than Ashby and North End. Children in these communities are predicted to have a 1-15% chance of blood lead > 10 microg/dL. The results suggest that lead and arsenic found in the homes originate outside. The lead content of paint in the homes was not evaluated, but consideration of painted wood at the doorway did not confound the results of the study. The results indicate that the residential environment has been adversely affected by PAHs, lead, and arsenic and should be considered for remediation.
Reducing Mistakes in Patient Administration of Glargine and Lispro
Authors: Mark H. Schutta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Adlersberg et al. (1) described two cases of patients who became severely hypoglycemic after mistaking rapid-acting insulins for long-acting insulin glargine (Lantus; Aventis, Parsippany, NJ). Mistakes by patients in administering different kinds of insulin is not a new phenomena. However, any measures …
Effective High-Capacity Gutless Adenoviral Vectors Mediate Transgene Expression in Human Glioma Cells
Authors: Marianela Candolfi, James F. Curtin, Wei-Dong Xiong, Kurt M. Kroeger, Chunyan Liu, Altan Rentsendorj, Hasmik Agadjanian, Lali Medina-Kauwe, Donna Palmer, Philip Ng, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria G. Castro
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common subtype of primary malignant brain tumor. Although serotype 5 adenoviral vectors (Ads) have been used successfully in clinical trials for GBM, the capacity of Ads to infect human glioma cells and the expression of adenoviral receptors in GBM cells have been challenged. In this report, we studied the expression of three molecules that have been shown to mediate adenoviral entry into cells, i.e., coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), integrin αvβ3 (INT), and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI), in rodent glioma cell lines and low-passage primary cultures and cell lines from human GBM. We correlated levels of expression of CAR, INT, and MHCI with transduction efficiency elicited by several high-capacity helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HC-Ads). Expression levels of adenoviral receptors were variable among the different GBM cells studied. HC-Ad-mediated therapeutic gene expression was efficient, ranging between 20 and 80% of the total target cells expressing the encoded transgenes. Our results show no correlation between the levels of CAR, INT, or MHCI molecules and the levels of transgene expression or the number of GBM cells transduced. We conclude that expression levels of adenoviral receptors do not predict their transduction efficiency or biological function.
Data from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study validate an association between high intravenous iron doses and mortality
Authors: George R. Bailie, Maria Larkina, David A. Goodkin, Yun Li, Ronald L. Pisoni, Brian Bieber, Nancy Mason, Lin Tong, Francesco Locatelli, Mark R. Marshall, Masaaki Inaba, Bruce M. Robinson
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
The Predictive Value of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase as a Screening Test for Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Richard A. Watson, D. B. Tang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

AN editorial in the Journal 1 brought widespread attention to a possible new role for serum acid phosphatase determinations in the detection of prostatic cancer. Citing data from an accompanying article by Foti and his co-workers, 2 the editorialist observed, "The clear implication of the accompanying report is that mass screening on the basis of a blood test alone can reverse this gloomy experience" (i.e., of fatal delays in diagnosis). Since then, refinements of the radioimmunoassay technique, with consequent improvement in its sensitivity and specificity, have been reported.3 4 5 6 Different, more accurate immunologic techniques are currently being developed.7 8 9 Researchers at the National Prostatic . . .
Impact of Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Frank Weidemann, Sebastian Herrmann, Stefan Störk, Markus Niemann, Stefan Frantz, Volkmar Lange, Meinrad Beer, Stefan Gattenlöhner, Wolfram Voelker, Georg Ertl, Jörg M. Strotmann
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— In this prospective follow-up study, the effect of myocardial fibrosis on myocardial performance in symptomatic severe aortic stenosis was investigated, and the impact of fibrosis on clinical outcome after aortic valve replacement (AVR) was estimated. Methods and Results— Fifty-eight consecutive patients with isolated symptomatic severe aortic stenosis underwent extensive baseline characterization before AVR. Standard and tissue Doppler echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (late-enhancement imaging for replacement fibrosis) were performed at baseline and 9 months after AVR. Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained intraoperatively to determine the degree of myocardial fibrosis. Patients were analyzed according to the severity of interstitial fibrosis in cardiac biopsies (severe, n=21; mild, n=15; none, n=22). The extent of histologically determined cardiac fibrosis at baseline correlated closely with New York Heart Association functional class and markers of longitudinal systolic function (all P &lt;0.001) but not global ejection fraction or aortic valve area. Nine months after AVR, the degree of late enhancement remained unchanged, implying that AVR failed to reduce the degree of replacement fibrosis. Patients with no fibrosis experienced a marked improvement in New York Heart Association class from 2.8±0.4 to 1.4±0.5 ( P &lt;0.001). Only parameters of longitudinal systolic function predicted this functional improvement. Four patients with severe fibrosis died during follow-up, but no patient from the other groups died. Conclusions— Myocardial fibrosis is an important morphological substrate of postoperative clinical outcome in patients with severe aortic stenosis and was not reversible after AVR over the 9 months of follow-up examined in this study. Because markers of longitudinal systolic function appear to indicate sensitively both the severity of myocardial fibrosis and the clinical outcome, they may prove valuable for preoperative risk assessment in patients with aortic stenosis.
Pulmonary Shunting During Leukoagglutinin-lnduced Noncardiac Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Michel Dubois
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurred in an anesthetized patient during an otherwise uneventful laparotomy. Following transfusion of an individual unit of whole blood, routine intraoperative monitoring detected sudden major pulmonary shunting (increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient) and an increased physiological alveolar dead space (increased arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide gradient). The noncardiac pulmonary edema probably resulted from the presence of a leukoagglutinin against the patient's granulocytes in the donor's plasma. This antibody had no apparent specificity for known HLA, neutrophil, or blood group antigens. The acute respiratory failure was transient, resolving in 72 hours with respiratory support. The presence of otherwise unexplained noncardiogenic pulmonary edema during or soon after a blood transfusion should suggest the possible diagnosis of a leukoagglutinin reaction. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2186-2189, 1980)
Novel endoscopic application of a new flexible-fiber CO<sub>2</sub> laser for esophageal mucosal ablation in a porcine model
Authors: S. Anandasabapathy, D. Maru, S. Klumpp, R. Uthamanthil, A. Borne, M. Bhutani
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de S. Anandasabapathy et al., pp. 138Endoscopy 2009; 41(02): 250-250DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306727
Diets for Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Neil Stamford Painter
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  It is good to hear someone questioning the wisdom of diets that have been accepted for many years by the profession. Obviously, in some well-defined diseases, specific foodstuffs must be avoided, while others require certain supplements. However, with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms that often are attributed to the irritable bowel syndrome or to a spastic colon and that often accompany uncomplicated diverticulosis, a great deal of evidence suggests that they are caused by our modern diet.  In the last century we have taken to eating a much greater quantity of refined sugar, and, concurrently, the consumption of whole meal bread has fallen. Consequently, our intake of cereal fiber has decreased dramatically, and I believe that this is the probable cause of diverticular disease of the colon. (Painter and Burkitt, 1971). The symptoms of this new disease, including severe colic, which might have led to resection of the
Counteracting Cigarette Advertising
Authors: Alan B Morrison
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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