tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammation, TNFα and endothelial dysfunction link lenalidomide to venous thrombosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Georg Aue, Jay Nelson Lozier, Xin Tian, Ann M. Cullinane, Susan Soto, Leigh Samsel, Philip McCoy, Adrian Wiestner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Patients receiving lenalidomide are at an increased risk for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Here, we prospectively investigated the DVT risk in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with lenalidomide (n = 32). Five patients developed six incidents of DVT over 1 year for an annual incidence of 16%. Three of these were considered drug-related. Median time to DVT was 105 days (range 56-259 days). No pulmonary embolism was detected. Hypercoagulability screen before study entry was negative in all patients who subsequently developed DVTs. Compared to normal volunteers CLL patients had increased baseline levels of D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin, soluble vascular endothelial adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), and thrombomodulin (p < 0.001). After 1 week on lenalidomide D-dimer, thrombomodulin, sVCAM-1, factor VIII, TNFα, and C-reactive protein were significantly increased while protein C was decreased (p < 0.001). In patients with lenalidomide-related DVTs, TNFα, and sVCAM-1 were more strongly upregulated than in all other patients (p < 0.05) and TNFα and sVCAM-1 levels were significantly correlated (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). These data link lenalidomide associated DVTs with TNFα upregulation and endothelial cell dysfunction and suggest that aspirin may have a role for DVT prophylaxis in these patients.
The plastic liver: differentiated cells, stem cells, every cell?
Authors: Christopher J. Hindley, Gianmarco Mastrogiovanni, Meritxell Huch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The liver is capable of full regeneration following several types and rounds of injury, ranging from hepatectomy to toxin-mediated damage. The source of this regenerative capacity has long been a hotly debated topic. The damage response that occurs when hepatocyte proliferation is impaired is thought to be mediated by oval/dedifferentiated progenitor cells, which replenish the hepatocyte and ductal compartments of the liver. Recently, reports have questioned whether these oval/progenitor cells truly serve as the facultative stem cell of the liver following toxin-mediated damage. In this issue of the JCI, Kordes and colleagues use lineage tracing to follow transplanted rat hepatic stellate cells, a resident liver mesenchymal cell population, in hosts that have suffered liver damage. Transplanted stellate cells repopulated the damaged rat liver by contributing to the oval cell response. These data establish yet another cell type of mesenchymal origin as the progenitor for the oval/ductular response in the rat. The lack of uniformity between different damage models, the extent of the injury to the liver parenchyma, and potential species-specific differences might be at the core of the discrepancy between different studies. Taken together, these data imply a considerable degree of plasticity in the liver, whereby several cell types can contribute to regeneration.
Nalidixic Acid... False-Positive Glycosuria and Hyperglycemia
Authors: Theodore G. Klumpp
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Islam and Streedharan (<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:1100-1101 [June 21] 1965) reported transient hyperglycemia and glycosuria following the ingestion of a massive overdose of 6.5 gm nalidixic acid. They reported the case as one of true hyperglycemia and glycosuria; the blood glucose level was determined by the Somoygi-Nelson method. They also commented (as stated in the descriptive company literature on NegGram) that the glucuronide conjugate "of nalidixic acid excreted in the urine could give rise to a false-positive reaction with Clinitest, or Benedict's test, but not with Clinistix." The following data indicate that false-positive findings could have been encountered in the case reported. Toxicologic studies at the Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute included blood and/or urinary glucose determinations during a period when nalidixic acid was administered to various species of animals, by different routes and in various dosages. In none of these studies, including those in which massive doses were used
Managing stroke: the way forward.
Authors: P Sandercock
Journal: BMJ (1993)

and addresses of the people who have information about them.The newly established Cochrane Centre in Baltimore, in collaboration with the United States National Institutes of Health, is coordinating the creation of a register of ran- domised controlled trials, which will be as comprehensive as possible.7The international Cochrane Collaboration hopes that pharmaceutical companies will contribute details of all randomised controlled trials that they have sponsored to this register.Most companies would gain little real commercial advantage by keeping old results under wraps, but all would benefit from access to the whole range of previous work sponsored by the industry.A simple way of achieving comprehensive access to trial data in the future would be to enter all clinical trials in a register at inception.8Such registers already exist for trials in some areas of medicine, and more are needed.In Britain the information strategy that is part of the NHS Research and Development Programme envisages a register of all research
Letter: Benign intracranial hypertension associated with nitrofurantoin therapy.
Authors: D B Sharma, A James
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Dr. Godfrey described the increased in- hibition of bronchoconstriction after 60 mg indoramin compared with 50 mg taken by the same patient on a different occasion as a "quite extraordinary dose-related phen- omenon."Admittedly the dose-response curve in this one patient appears to be steep, nevertheless the result is consistent with what one would expect of a drug with antagonist activity.Many more experiments with patients receiving several doses of indoramin seem necessary to determine that this dose relationship is unusual.Professor Bianco and his colleagues claimed that indoramin prevented specific airway conductance falling below the pretreatment con- trol level in all cases.This is inconsistent, however, with the results published for cases 2, 3, 9, and 10 in their table III.Fortunately, these inconsistencies do not detract from the authors' overall condlusions.From our analysis of their work we would conclude that under the limitations imposed by their methodology the evidence is consistent with indoramin preventing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in five patients, decreas- ing it in five, and not leading to any im- provement in one.It would be of interest to learn from the investigators how the patients' symptomatology was affected by alpha-blockade.For it could be argued that if indoramin abolished the asthmatic symp- toms it prevented exercise-induced "asthma" while only partially antagonizing exercise- induced "bronchoconstriction."-We are, etc.,
End Points in Trials of Treatments for Skin Infections—Reply
Authors: Philippe Prokocimer, Anita Das
Journal: JAMA (2013)

In Reply: Dr Spellberg raises the question of whether a cessation of lesion spread in ABSSSIs can be considered a cure of the disease. This issue was discussed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health working group on end points in ABSSSIs.1 The group's recommended end point is a 20% or greater decrease in lesion size at the 48- to 72-hour assessment rather than cessation of spread at this time point.
Physicians for Our Country: A Letter to the Congress
Authors: ROBERT G. PETERSDORF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Attempts to redress the imbalance in the geographic and specialty distribution of physicians by legislative means is unlikely to solve the problem. Moreover, the proposed health manpower legislation may not be necessary because National Health Service Corps scholarships are already oversubscribed threefold, and more than 50% of the 1976 graduates of medical schools are opting for the primary care specialties of family practice, internal medicine, and pediatrics. While there are too many subspecialists in medicine and surgery, the realization by young physicians that primary care represents the greater need and market forces are combining to halt the overproduction of specialists. Better deployment of allied health personnel and improved communication will upgrade care in the rural areas, while correction of a number of societal ills will be needed to improve health in the inner cities.
Intravenous magnesium in suspected acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: K. L. Woods, S. Fletcher, L. F. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1992)

factors, we suggest that this has two profound implications: firstly, risk factors in the disease will be defined as those that alter expression of the precursor protein gene, and, secondly, effective treatments of Alzheimer's disease will be those targeted at modulating expression of the precursor protein gene.
Can Caretakers of Children with IDDM Accurately Measure Small Insulin Doses and Dose Changes?
Authors: Sheryl R Silva, Loretta Clark, Steven N Goodman, Leslie P Plotnick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To determine if caretakers of young children with IDDM could consistently reproduce small incremental measurements of insulin (U100). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifteen caretakers of children with IDDM were asked to deliver repeated small doses of insulin, including doses separated by only 0.25 U of insulin. A sensitive gravimetric technique was used to determine the error in measurement of these low doses of insulin. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate accuracy and internal consistency of each caretaker at each dose. RESULTS The means ± SD at each dose level were as follows: 2.75 ± 0.13 U at 2.5 U, 3.19 ± 0.13 U at 3.0 U, 3.55 ± 0.13 U at 3.25 U, and 3.70 ± 0.11 U at 3.5 U. All doses were biased toward overadministration. There was as statistically significant difference in the dose delivered when the target doses were varied by only 0.25 U. The average differences and standard errors between 2.5 U and 3.0 U, 3.0 U and 3.25 U, and 3.25 U and 3.5 U were 0.44 ± 0.20 U, 0.36 ± 0.018 U, and 0.15 ± 0.017 U, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Participants were not accurate in measuring small insulin doses, consistently overdrawing insulin by an average of 0.22 U. Caretakers are reasonably internally consistent with a given dose, since participants were able to measure statistically significant differences in 0.25 U dose changes. The error in insulin measurement does not vary with the intended dose level. Caretakers in the same family deliver insulin doses as variable from each other as they are from the population as a whole; however, when two or more individuals are responsible for one insulin dose in a child with IDDM, they have a combined variability that is ∼40% greater than a single individual's variability.
Ischaemic heart disease: epidemiology, risk factors and cause
Authors: P. R J BURCH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Journal Article Ischaemic heart disease: epidemiology, risk factors and cause Get access PHILIP R J BURCH PHILIP R J BURCH * From the Department of Medical Physics, University of Leeds, The General Infirmary, Leeds *Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Professor P R J Burch, Department of Medical Physics, University of Leeds, The General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 14, Issue 6, June 1980, Pages 307–338, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.6.307 Published: 01 June 1980
Model of Functional Restriction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Transplantation, and Lung Reduction Surgery
Authors: STEPHEN H. LORING, DAVID E. LEITH, MARY J. CONNOLLY, EDWARD P. INGENITO, STEVEN J. MENTZER, JOHN J. REILLY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<MODEL DESCRIPTIONCOMPONENT CHRACTERISTICS ...PARAMETER ESTIMATIONSIMULATIONSPREDICTIONS FROM THE MODE...DISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
How to raise the prices of unhealthy foods
Authors: J. T. Winkler
Journal: BMJ (2010)

When food campaigners don’t like something, their first reaction is to tax it. The latest example is the soft drink tax in the US.1 All such taxes have failed, so we keep getting fatter and fatter.

When are public health advocates going to get clever, instead of crying conspiracy every time they lose?

Let’s start at square one. People hate taxes. Americans hate …
Role of Viral Vectors and Virion Shells in Cellular Gene Expression
Authors: Jackie L Stilwell, Richard Jude Samulski
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

<h2>Abstract</h2> The role of the virion shell in viral pathogenesis is relatively unknown yet the use of viral vectors in human gene transfer experiments requires an understanding of these interactions. In this study, we used DNA microarrays to identify genes modulated during pathogenic adenovirus or nonpathogenic adeno-associated virus infections. Responses to wt viruses, recombinant vectors, or empty virion particles were compared. Adeno-associated virus shells induced nearly the full complement of changes elicited by the intact virus. The cellular genes elicited a nonpathogenic response, with antiproliferative genes being induced as a cluster. In contrast, adenovirus and adenovirus empty capsid infection yielded a broader response and subset, respectively, including induction of immune and stress-response genes associated with pathogenic effects. Our studies show that the impact of the viral capsid on cellular gene expression, and potential host toxicity, must be considered independent of the vector genome for safe gene transfer in the clinic.
Inhibition of the lower oesophageal sphincter by fat a mechanism for fatty food intolerance
Authors: O. T. Nebel, D. O. Castell
Journal: Gut (1973)

The effect of fat and protein meals on the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was tested in normal subjects using an infused open-tipped manometric system. After ingestion of a minced beef meal, the mean peak pressure at the lower oesophageal sphincter increased 5.8 +/- 1.5 mm Hg (+/- 1 SE). By contrast, ingestion of a corn oil meal resulted in a mean peak decrease of 7.8 +/- 1.9 mm Hg. Following the combined minced beef/corn oil meal, mean peak pressure decreased 3.0 +/- 2.1 mm Hg. Pentagastrin (3 mug/kg, subcutaneously) resulted in a mean peak increase of 20.6 +/- 7.0 mm Hg when given to the subjects in the fasting state, and produced an increase of only 8.4 +/- 1.7 mm Hg when given following the fat meal. Finally, after a mean peak decrease in pressure at the lower oesophageal sphincter of 6.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg 15 minutes after the corn oil meal, gastric alkalinization with 30 ml of antacid resulted in a subsequent increase in sphincter pressure of 5.2 +/- 1.6 mm Hg. These data indicate: (1) Fat attenuates the effect of endogenous gastrin as well as exogenous pentagastrin stimulation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. (2) Fat-induced incompetency of the lower oesophageal sphincter can be effectively combated by gastric alkalinization in the form of antacids.
Higher Medical Education and the State University of Iowa.
Authors: E. W. Rockwood
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Iowa City, Jan. 7, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Knowing your efforts for the advancement of medical education, I believe that you will be interested in hearing that the faculty of the College of Medicine of the State University of Iowa has decided to extend the course to four years of nine months each, the length of the session to be thirty-eight weeks, or thirty-six weeks exclusive of vacations. Last year the Board of Regents granted permission to make such a change in 1902, but by a unanimous vote the medical faculty requested that it might go into effect a year earlier. It has not been the experience of the faculty that an increase in work is followed by a decrease in attendance, as the places of such students as are frightened away are filled by the more desirable material which goes, not where a diploma is the easiest to be
Myocardial blood flow during exercise in dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy produced by aortic banding and perinephritic hypertension.
Authors: R J Bache, X Z Dai, D Alyono, T R Vrobel, D C Homans
Journal: Circulation (1987)

This study tested the hypothesis that for similar degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy, subendocardial blood flow would be facilitated by the increased diastolic coronary perfusion pressure associated with arterial hypertension, as compared with hypertrophy produced by banding the ascending aorta. Left ventricular hypertrophy was produced with perinephritic hypertension in seven adult dogs and by banding the ascending aorta in nine adult dogs. Left ventricular/body weight ratios were 6.15 +/- 0.59 g/kg in the hypertensive animals and 6.87 +/- 0.47 g/kg in dogs with aortic banding, as compared with 4.23 +/- 0.23 g/kg in seven normal dogs (p less than .01). Studies were performed at rest and during two stages of treadmill exercise to achieve heart rates of 195 and 260 beats/min. Diastolic aortic pressure was increased in animals with hypertension but not in dogs with aortic banding. Systolic ejection period was prolonged in dogs with aortic banding but not in hypertensive dogs. Mean blood flow per gram of myocardium measured with microspheres was similar at rest and during light exercise in all three groups of animals, whereas during heavy exercise blood flow was significantly greater than normal in both groups with hypertrophy. In normal dogs subendocardial/subepicardial (endo/epi) flow ratios did not change significantly during exercise. In both groups with hypertrophy, endo/epi ratios were normal at rest but decreased significantly during exercise. During heavy exercise the endo/epi ratio decreased to 0.73 +/- 0.08 in dogs with aortic banding as compared with 1.07 +/- 0.12 in hypertensive dogs (p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Management of overweight and obese adults
Authors: Polly Hitchcock Noël, Jacqueline A Pugh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

New treatment strategies have failed to control the global increase in obesity. Here two scientists discuss common barriers that need to be overcome by both healthcare professionals and patients if weight reduction is to be achieved and maintained 

The 1980s and ‘90s witnessed alarming increases in obesity across the globe.1 This epidemic has not been slowed by new treatment strategies, leading some health professionals to doubt if they can help their patients. A recent audit documented wide variation in the management of overweight and obese patients in general practices in England and uncertainty about which treatments were most effective.2 Healthcare providers may fail to address obesity for many reasons, including cynicism about the efficacy of treatments, lack of time, perceived non-compliance of patients, and lack of training in counselling and motivating patients to change their behaviour. 3 4 Although the control of obesity ultimately requires population based strategies, doctors can and should provide effective individual care. We review evidence based recommendations for managing overweight and obese adults.

#### Summary points

We searched Medline (1966-March 2002) using the terms “obesity or overweight” and “practice guideline, systematic review, …
Primary Sjogren's syndrome in men.
Authors: J M Anaya, G T Liu, E D'Souza, N Ogawa, X Luan, N Talal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To describe the clinical expression of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in men, focusing on extraglandular manifestations (EGM) and serological markers of disease. METHODS--In a cross sectional and comparative study, adult men with primary SS were identified from a cohort study on SS, and 26 age matched adult women with primary SS were selected as a control group. All patients met the European classification criteria for SS. They were compared for demographic, clinical and laboratory findings. RESULTS--Thirteen men with primary SS were identified. Mean age at onset was 39 (SEM 4) years and mean duration of disease was 7.8 (1) years. Sicca complex or parotitis was the presenting feature in eight patients (61.5%), and an EGM in five (38.5%). During the course of the disease, EGM were present in 12 patients (92%), polyarthralgias and lymphopenia being the most frequent (38.5% each). Rheumatoid factor was positive in 73% of patients, antinuclear antibodies in 85%, anti-(SS-A) in 62%, and anti-(SS-B) in 46%. No statistical differences in the frequency of EGM or in the presence of autoantibodies were observed between men and women. However, men patients were more likely to have EGM. CONCLUSION--Primary SS in men is an uncommon condition with clinical and serological characteristics similar to those observed in women. Sex hormones may be incriminated in the pathogenesis of SS. However, it remains poorly understood whether sex hormones play a major role in the severity of disease and have any importance with regard to treatment.
BONE GRAFTING IN GUNSHOT FRACTURES OF THE JAW
Authors: W. Billington, A. H. Parrott, H. Round
Journal: BMJ (1918)

FoR rather more than two years we lhave hlad charge of the " Jaw Department" at the lst Southern General Hos- pital, Birmingham, to which all cases of injuries to the jaws requiring special treatment are sent from the whole Southern Command.A very large percentage of these cases suffer from compound fracture of the mandible.Successful treatment involves (1).osseous union, (2) -func- tional occlusion, and (3)-avoidance of disfigurement.In. the maority.of.cases these results have been oTtained by means of mechanical technique associated 'with due regard to the.-establishment of aseptic conditions.-In some, however, satisfactory results-cannot, be obtained by this technique alone.Where there is a gap between
Evaluation of Removable and Irremovable Cast Walkers in the Healing of Diabetic Foot Wounds
Authors: David G. Armstrong, Lawrence A. Lavery, Stephanie Wu, Andrew J.M. Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a removable cast walker (RCW) and an "instant" total contact cast (iTCC) in healing neuropathic diabetic foot ulcerations.We randomly assigned 50 patients with University of Texas grade 1A diabetic foot ulcerations into one of two off-loading treatment groups: an RCW or the same RCW wrapped with a cohesive bandage (iTCC) so patients could not easily remove the device. Subjects were evaluated weekly for 12 weeks or until wound healing.An intent-to-treat analysis showed that a higher proportion of patients had ulcers that were healed at 12 weeks in the iTCC group than in the RCW group (82.6 vs. 51.9%, P = 0.02, odds ratio 1.8 [95% CI 1.1-2.9]). Of the patients with ulcers that healed, those treated with an iTCC healed significantly sooner (41.6 +/- 18.7 vs. 58.0 +/- 15.2 days, P = 0.02).Modification of a standard RCW to increase patient adherence to pressure off-loading may increase both the proportion of ulcers that heal and the rate of healing of diabetic neuropathic wounds.