tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic studies of human bone in vitro. II. Changes in hyperparathyroidism.
Authors: B Flanagan, G Nichols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Generalized bone disease has long been recognized as a feature of hyperparathyroidism, but the functional disturbance at the tissue level respon- sible for its appearance has not been studied ex- tensively.The demonstration that human bone metabolism may be examined directly by incuba- tion of fresh biopsy samples in vitro and the es- tablishment of normal rates for certain metabolic functions in normal adult human bone (1) opened the way to re-examination of this problem.The purpose of this paper is to report the re- sults obtained in bone removed at biopsy from a group of eight surgically proven hyperparathyroid patients.These suggest the existence of two biochemi- cally distinct skeletal metabolic responses to hy- perparathyroidism, a view that appears to be supported by prior animal studies (2-6), and the results of some supplementary experiments using the rat as a model.
Sympathetic Denervation of the Upper Limb Improves Forearm Exercise Performance and Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics
Authors: Attila Kardos, Doris J. Taylor, Campbell Thompson, Peter Styles, Linda Hands, Jack Collin, Barbara Casadei
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Sympathetic activation may limit exercise performance by restraining muscle blood flow or by negatively affecting skeletal muscle metabolic behavior. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of thoracoscopic sympathetic trunkotomy (TST) on forearm exercise duration, blood flow, and muscle bioenergetics in 13 patients with idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis. Methods and Results —Heart rate and beat-by-beat mean arterial pressure were recorded at rest and during right and left rhythmic handgrip before and 4 to 7 weeks after right TST. Forearm blood flow was measured bilaterally at rest and on the right during exercise. Right forearm muscle phosphocreatine content and intracellular pH were assessed by 31 phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. After right TST, exercise duration increased from 8.9±1.4 to 13.4±1.8 minutes ( P &lt;0.0001) with the right forearm and from 5.7±0.4 to 7.6±0.9 minutes ( P &lt;0.05) with the left ( P &lt;0.05 for the interaction between treatment and side). Right forearm blood flow at rest was 66% higher ( P &lt;0.01) after right TST, but this difference decreased as the exercise progressed. After right TST, a significant reduction occurred in muscle acidification and phosphocreatine depletion during ipsilateral forearm exercise. This was associated with a significantly reduced mean arterial pressure response to right handgrip, whereas the pressor response to left handgrip did not change. Conclusions —Sympathetic denervation of the upper limb significantly improves forearm skeletal muscle bioenergetics and exercise performance in patients with idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis.
723. In Vivo Expansion of MDS1/EVI1, PRDM16 and SETBP1 Integration Clones in Successful Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) Gene Therapy Trial
Authors: Kerstin Schwarzwaelder, Manfred Schmidt, Marion G. Ott, Stefan Stein, Hanno Glimm, Annette Deichmann, Ulrich Siler, Dieter Hoelzer, Reinhard Seger, Manuel Grez, Christof von Kalle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The potential of gene therapy to cure inherited immunodeficiencies of the lymphoid compartment has been demonstrated in clinical trials of ADA-SCID and SCID-X1. To circumvent the missing in vivo selection advantage of the corrected cells in myeloid diseases the two patients in the recent successful chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) gene therapy trial received nonmyeloablative conditioning before transplantation of the corrected cells. 3 months after transplantation 20% and 10% of the granulocytes in the peripheral blood expressed gp91phox in patient 1 and patient 2, respectively. 5 to 9 months after therapy a 3 to 4 fold expansion of marked granulocytes in the peripheral blood appeared in both patients. The proportion of gene-corrected granulocytes in both patients was then stable until 524 days post transplantation in patient 1 and 343 days post transplantation in patient 2 which were the last time points analyzed. To characterize the clonality of the hematopoietic repopulation, the long term activity of individual clones and the distribution of the SFFV vector integration sites we analyzed peripheral blood leucocytes and sorted cells derived from different time points post transplantation with linear amplification mediated PCR (LAM-PCR) and accomplished high throughput sequencing and mapping of the insertion sites. For patient 1 we could identify 435 exactly mappable insertion sites. For patient 2 330 unique integrations could be assigned to the human genome. We detected 3 common integrations sites (CIS) in or near the loci of the zinc finger transcription factor homologous MDS1/EVI1 and PRDM16 in both patients and SETBP1 as a third CIS gene in patient 1. RNA analysis demonstrated an activating influence of the retroviral vector on the CIS genes in both patients. LAM-PCR analysis of CFU-GM and BFU-E derived colonies from both patients revealed that 1 to 4 integrations are present per cell and confirmed the increasing dominance of one MDS1/EVI1 clone in patient 1 seen in the peripheral blood LAM-PCR pattern. Our data show that the upregulation of specific human genes as a side effect of retroviral integration may lead to an unprecedented in vivo expansion of the concerned cell clones and have therefore great impact on future gene therapy strategies. MS and CvK hold US-patent on LAM-PCR.
High intestinal lactase concentration in adult Pakistanis.
Authors: S M Rab, A Baseer
Journal: BMJ (1976)

DiscussionProbably this patient's abdominal pain was related to his hyper- lipidaemia, though its nature remains obscure.When given a high-fat intake he developed severe pain associated with gross chylomicronaemia; treatment directed at lowering his serum triglyceride rendered him symptom free.This patient is of interest because, atypically, his serum triglyceride concentration was raised only modestly, except during the attack apparently provoked by a high-fat intake.He was classified as having type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia, though he had intermittent fasting chylomicronaemia.Dietary restriction of fat did not prevent his attacks of pain, but carbohydrate restriction did, presumably by reducing his endogenous triglyceride production.The distinction between types IV and V hyperlipoproteinaemia may well not be absolute, chylomicronaemia in the latter sometimes reflecting the degree of hypertriglyceridaemia rather than a different metabolic fault.5Indeed, possibly the quantity of triglyceride to be transported may partly determine the size and nature of the trans- porting particles.5This case re-emphasises the need to determine the serum lipid concentration in patients with obscure abdominal pain.
<i>Helicobacter</i> Infection Is Required for Inflammation and Colon Cancer in Smad3-Deficient Mice
Authors: Lillian Maggio-Price, Piper Treuting, Weiping Zeng, Mark Tsang, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Brian M. Iritani
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that intestinal microbial organisms may play an important role in triggering and sustaining inflammation in individuals afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, individuals with IBD are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer, suggesting that chronic inflammation may initiate genetic or epigenetic changes associated with cancer development. We tested the hypothesis that bacteria may contribute to the development of colon cancer by synergizing with defective transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, a pathway commonly mutated in human colon cancer. Although others have reported that mice deficient in the TGF-β signaling molecule SMAD3 develop colon cancer, we found that SMAD3-deficient mice maintained free of the Gram-negative enterohepatic bacteria Helicobacter spp. for up to 9 months do not develop colon cancer. Furthermore, infection of SMAD3−/− mice with Helicobacter triggers colon cancer in 50% to 66% of the animals. Using real-time PCR, we found that Helicobacter organisms concentrate in the cecum, the preferred site of tumor development. Mucinous adenocarcinomas develop 5 to 30 weeks after infection and are preceded by an early inflammatory phase, consisting of increased proliferation of epithelial cells; increased numbers of cyclooxygenase-2–positive cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages; and increased MHC class II expression. Colonic tissue revealed increased transcripts for the oncogene c-myc and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, some of which have been implicated in colon cancer. These results suggest that bacteria may be important in triggering colorectal cancer, notably in the context of gene mutations in the TGF-β signaling pathway, one of the most commonly affected cellular pathways in colorectal cancer in humans. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 828-38)
Complications of Local Corticosteroid Injections
Authors: David H. Neustadt
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a BRIEF REPORT (1980;243:1547) entitled "Complications of Local Corticosteroid Injections," Gottlieb and Riskin call attention to certain unusual complications occurring after frequent intrasynovial injections. It should be pointed out that the inordinate number of injections given greatly exceeds the conventional dosage and usual recommended schedule of administration. In case 1, twenty-nine injections were instilled into each carpal canal; case 2 received four (monthly) and then ten (every second month) intratendon injections. Under these circumstances, adverse effects would not be unexpected. When clinical evidence of median nerve compression continues after one or two injections of the carpal tunnel, in conjunction with the use of a wrist splint, surgical release should be given early consideration. The potential hazard of spontaneous tendon rupture, especially after injecting the Achilles' tendon, is cited by us in our book.<sup>1</sup>Other reports have stressed the danger of tendon rupture in rheumatoid arthritis
TCT-702 Multicenter Assessment of TAVR in Failed Aortic Bioprostheses: Evaluation of Implantation Depth and Association with Elevated Post-Procedural Gradients in SAPIEN vs. CoreValve Valve-in-Valve Implantation
Authors: Matheus S. Santos, John Webb, Ran Kornowski, Azeem Latib, Sabine Bleiziffer, Ralf Bader, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Stephen Brecker, Jose María Hernandez-García, Tadashi Miyazaki, David Hildick-Smith, Danny Dvir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 5200: Genome-wide integrative analysis for the determination of the consequence of AT-rich interacting domain 2 (ARID2) depletion in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Mayuko Furuta, Ha H. Nguyen, Akihiro Fujimoto, Yuichi Shiraishi, Satoru Miyano, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Hidewaki Nakagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. We previously reported the genomic aberrations obtained by the whole genome sequencing of 27 HCCs derived from Japanese patients (Nature Genetics 44, 760, 2012). The statistical and functional analyses yielded frequently and recurrently mutated genes involved in chromatin regulation, including ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, MLL and MLL3. Among the chromatin regulators mutated in HCCs, we here focused on ARID2, a component of Polybromo-associated BRG1-associated factor (PBAF) complex, which is one of the SNI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex involved in ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors. Most of the somatic mutations in ARID2 detected in HCCs by our sequencing studies indicated its loss-of-function, suggesting their role as a tumor-suppressor. Although its somatic mutation in HCC and other types of cancer have been recently reported, its detailed function and role in tumorigenesis is poorly understood. To determine its role in hepatocarcionogenesis, we first analyzed their activity on cell growth using HCC cell lines. Knockdown (KD) of ARID2 in ARID2-intact HCC cell lines, JHH4 and JHH5, promoted cell growth, while overexpression of ARID2 in ARID2-null HuH28 suppressed cell growth compared with controls. These findings are consistent with its role as a tumor-suppressor in HCC. We also performed RNA-Seq using the ARID2-KD RNA samples from ARID2-intact cell lines to predict its down-stream target genes, which might be affected by ARID2 depletion in HCCs. Pathway analysis of genes up- or down-regulated by ARID2-KD revealed that a large number of cancer-related genes showed their expression changes. In addition, some cytokines and kinases involved in carcinogenesis significantly appeared to be activated on the basis of down-stream target gene expression profile. These results indicate that somatic loss-of-function mutations in a component of chromatin regulator such as ARID2 could lead the genome-wide gene expression change appeared in HCCs. Citation Format: Mayuko Furuta, Ha H. Nguyen, Akihiro Fujimoto, Yuichi Shiraishi, Satoru Miyano, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Hidewaki Nakagawa. Genome-wide integrative analysis for the determination of the consequence of AT-rich interacting domain 2 (ARID2) depletion in hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5200. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5200
The State of Copper in Human Serum: Evidence for an Amino Acid-bound Fraction *
Authors: Peter Z. Neumann, Andrew Sass-Kortsak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

In addition to copper bound to ceruloplasmin and to albumin, there is a third small fraction of copper in human serum that is bound to amino acids. The amino acid-bound fraction of copper is in equilibrium with albumin-bound copper, and both fractions are probably in equilibrium with ionic copper.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE (I 131) IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LINGUAL THYROID
Authors: HERMAN M. NACHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

The specific affinity of functioning thyroid tissue for iodine is the rationale for the use of radioactive iodine in tracer doses to study iodine metabolism and the physiology of the human thyroid gland. The pioneer work of Hamilton<sup>1</sup>and Hertz<sup>2</sup>initiated this type of investigation. Radioactive iodine was given to a girl 11 years of age in tracer amounts to aid in the preoperative evaluation of a suspected lingual thyroid, subsequently proved to be such microscopically and by radioautograph. This case is reported as another example of the value of radioactive tracer technics in the surgical management of thyroid abnormalities. Feitelberg and associates<sup>3</sup>have reported the use of radioactive iodine in the study of a lingual thyroid, but their subject did not have operative intervention. Persistence of thyroid tissue at the site of its origin, the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue, is an uncommon
DOES 3D TRANSESOPHAGEAL IMAGING ADD VALUE TO TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION? EXPERIENCE IN 150 CASES
Authors: Amit Bhan, Rafal Dworakowski, Lindsay A. Smith, Philip A. MacCarthy, Simon Redwood, Ahmed El-Gamel, Christopher Young, Vinayat Bapat, Jane Hancock, Olaf Wendler, Martyn R. Thomas, Mark J. Monaghan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Validation of a computer based system for assessing dietary intake.
Authors: J A Levine, A M Madden, M Y Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Dietary intake was assessed in 50 patients in hospital by using a dietary history method and computer based system for data collection and standard food tables to calculate the composition of nutrients. The results were compared with those from a weighed assessment that was calculated by using both food tables and manufacturers9 food analyses. The use of the food tables overestimated mean (SEM) individual nutrient intakes by between 2.5% (1.5%) and 15.5% (3.0%). The mean errors associated with the dietary history assessment varied from -23% (7.8%) for fat intake to +21.4% (8.5%) for carbohydrate intake. Overall, 30% of the assessments of total nutrient intakes that were calculated using this method were within -20% to +20% of actual values; 18% were within -10% to +10%. The mean errors associated with the computer based assessment varied from -1.0% (4.3%) for carbohydrate intake to +8.5% (3.4%) for protein intake. Overall, 56% of the assessments of total nutrient intakes were within -20% to +20% of actual intakes; 31% were within -10% to +10%. The computer based system provides an accurate, reproducible, convenient, and inexpensive method for assessing dietary intake.
Evidence for previous hepatitis B virus infection in alcoholic cirrhosis.
Authors: P R Mills, E A Follett, G E Urquhart, G Clements, G Watkinson, R N Macsween
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Evidence for previous hepatitis B virus infection in alcoholic cirrhosisPrevious infection with hepatitis B virus can be detected by serological examination for antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and core antigen (anti-HBc).'An initial study of the prevalence of serum anti-HBs in patients with chronic liver disease has indicated a particularly high prevalence of antibody in alcoholic cirrhosis.2A more extensive investigation is now reported. Patients, methods, and resultsTwo hundred and fifty Caucasian patients with chronic liver disease proved histologically were examined prospectively.Full clinical particulars were recorded as before.2Portal hypertension was defined as the endoscopic or radiological demonstration of oesophageal varices.Details of occupation, previous blood transfusion, jaundice, tattoos, drug addiction, and needle on 13 July
Nutritional intake, adiposity, and diabetes.
Authors: T L Cleave
Journal: BMJ (1979)

effective, but not all families are willing to tolerate the consequent nocturnal disruption.I disagree that children under 7 or 8 are in- different to their wet beds; facts elicited by a more than superficial inquiry suggest otherwise.To claim, as the authors do, that the use of these "dangerous drugs" for children under 8 "cannot be justified" is not correct.There is practically no danger with proper dosage, and proper dosage can easily be ensured if we prescribe unattractive tablets rather than tasty syrup.
HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN T IS A MARKER OF SEVERE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN STABLE PATIENTS REFERRED FOR CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Rabih R. Azar, Roland Kassab, Elie Salame, Simon Aboujaoude, Antoine Sarkis, Georges Badaoui, Zeina Kadri, Fouad Hage, Vanda Barakett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Role of protein kinase C-mediated pathway in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm in a swine model.
Authors: A Ito, H Shimokawa, R Nakaike, T Fukai, M Sakata, T Takayanagi, K Egashira, A Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The intracellular mechanism of coronary artery spasm is still unknown. The pathway mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) is an important intracellular process of various cellular responses, including vascular smooth muscle contraction. Thus, we examined the role of the PKC-mediated pathway in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm in our in vivo swine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven Göttingen miniature pigs underwent coronary balloon injury and x-ray irradiation to induce atherosclerotic lesion. After 6 to 18 months, intracoronary serotonin (3 micrograms/kg) or histamine (3 micrograms/kg) repeatedly induced coronary artery spasm at the atherosclerotic site. At the spastic site, intracoronary administration of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) (10(-9) mol/kg), a PKC-activating phorbol ester, also induced coronary artery spasm, which was completely blocked by pretreatment with intracoronary staurosporine (10 micrograms/kg), a PKC inhibitor. Intracoronary administration of an inactive phorbol ester, phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (10(-9) mol/kg), did not induce coronary vasoconstriction. Coronary artery spasm induced by the autacoids was significantly augmented by pretreatment with intracoronary PDBu and partially inhibited by staurosporine. Intracoronary administration of Bay K 8644 (10 micrograms/kg), a dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channel agonist, also induced coronary artery spasm at the spastic site, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with intracoronary staurosporine or nifedipine (0.1 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest (1) the PKC-mediated pathway is importantly involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm, (2) activation of the PKC-mediated pathway partially accounts for serotonin- and histamine-induced coronary artery spasm, and (3) at the spastic site, calcium influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channel and/or calcium sensitivity of the contractile proteins may be augmented by the PKC-mediated pathway.
Tick bite prevention and tick removal
Authors: C. Due, W. Fox, J. M. Medlock, M. Pietzsch, J. G. Logan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Ticks are small blood feeding ectoparasites with a global distribution.They are important vectors of disease pathogens including rickettsiae, spirochaetes, and viruses.Prevention of tick attachment and rapid removal reduce the risk of contracting tickborne diseases, and there are many recommendations on how to achieve this.This article aims to review the evidence base for tick bite prevention and tick removal strategies.
Epidemiology of urinary tract diseases in general practice
Authors: J. Steensberg, E. D. Bartels, H. Bay-Nielsen, E. Fanoe, T. Hede
Journal: BMJ (1969)

During a one-year morbidity survey of urinary tract diseases in general practice 741 cases were diagnosed. Only about half of all the patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection had significant bacteriuria. In young women urinary tract infections and symptoms from the urinary tract without bacteriuria-in particular urethritis-were found to predominate. In middle-aged women, the urinary tract symptoms were ascribed increasingly to genital prolapse, while incidence of urolithiasis was the highest in any group, and urinary tract infections became less frequent. The prevalence of urinary tract infection showed another increase in elderly women, and recurrent/chronic pyelonephritis, which occurs with a steadily increasing prevalence throughout all age groups, became common.In younger male urological patients diseases with symptoms of urinary tract infection without bacteriuria were predominant, whereas prostatitis and urinary tract infections were less frequent. In middle-aged men, urolithiasis was especially frequent, while an increasing proportion of elderly men had prostatic hypertrophy, urinary tract infections, and recurrent/chronic pyelonephritis.