tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<b> <i>In Vivo</i> </b> Assessment of Antiangiogenic Activity of SU6668 in an Experimental Colon Carcinoma Model
Authors: Pasquina Marzola, Anna Degrassi, Laura Calderan, Paolo Farace, Caterina Crescimanno, Elena Nicolato, Anna Giusti, Enrico Pesenti, Andrea Terron, Andrea Sbarbati, Tinya Abrams, Lesley Murray, Francesco Osculati
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this research was to assess in vivo by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) the antiangiogenic effect of SU6668, an oral, small molecule inhibitor of the angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Flk-1/KDR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Experimental Design: A s.c. tumor model of HT29 human colon carcinoma in athymic mice was used. DCE-MRI with a macromolecular contrast agent was used to measure transendothelial permeability and fractional plasma volume, accepted surrogate markers of tumor angiogenesis. CD31 immunohistochemical staining was used for assessing microvessels density and vessels area. Experiments were performed after 24 h, and 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment. Results: DCE-MRI clearly detected the early effect (after 24 h of treatment) of SU6668 on tumor vasculature as a 51% and 26% decrease in the average vessel permeability measured in the tumor rim and core (respectively). A substantial decrease was also observed in average fractional plasma volume in the rim (59%) and core (35%) of the tumor. Histological results confirmed magnetic resonance imaging findings. After 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment, postcontrast magnetic resonant images presented a thin strip of strongly enhanced tissue at the tumor periphery; histology examination showed that this hyperenhanced ring corresponded to strongly vascularized tissue adjacent but external to the tumor. Histology also revealed a strong decrease in the thickness of peripheral viable tissue, with a greatly reduced vessel count. SU6668 greatly inhibited tumor growth, with 60% inhibition at 14 days of treatment. Conclusions: DCE-MRI detected in vivo the antiangiogenic efficacy of SU6668.
Quality of Life and Quality of Care in Patients With Diabetes Experiencing Different Models of Care
Authors: Margaret M. Collins, Tony O'Sullivan, Velma Harkins, Ivan J. Perry
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

To study variation in quality of life and quality of care in patients with diabetes experiencing three different models of care: traditional hospital care, hospital/general practitioner (GP) shared care, and structured GP care.A cross-sectional study involving 1,456 patients with diabetes (71% response rate) was conducted. Quality of life was assessed with the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) instrument and quality of care with a 10-point process-of-care report card.The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a high (upper quartile) ADDQoL score was significantly increased in the structured care relative to the traditional hospital care group (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.2-2.5]). A significantly higher proportion of structured GP care patients reported compliance with seven or more key process-of-care measures compared with the other models of care.Diabetes quality of life may be enhanced when care is provided in a primary care setting without compromising quality of care.
Lymphocyte subsets show marked differences in their distribution between blood and the afferent and efferent lymph of peripheral lymph nodes.
Authors: C R Mackay, W G Kimpton, M R Brandon, R N Cahill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The surface phenotypes (CD1, CD4, CD5, CD8, SBU-T19, MHC class I, MHC class II, and sIg) of cells in blood, lymph nodes, and lymph were determined to examine simultaneously the distribution of lymphocyte subsets circulating in blood, afferent lymph, and efferent lymph of a peripheral lymph node. Marked differences in the percentage of certain lymphocyte subsets were apparent within the compartments examined, suggesting that lymphocyte subsets leave the blood with differing efficiencies. Lymphocyte subsets also appeared to be extracted from the blood at different rates by lymph node as opposed to subcutaneous vascular endothelium. Endothelial cells in different vascular beds may express different numbers of molecules complementary to a set of migration-related cell surface molecules specific for each lymphocyte subset. Accordingly, the vascular endothelium would be the key factor in regulating nonrandom cell migration.
Genomics of Childhood Leukemias: The Virtue of Complexity
Authors: Branimir I. Sikic, Robert Tibshirani, Norman J. Lacayo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Bhojwani et al 1 report a study of gene expression profiling to predict early response and long-term outcome in children with high risk, pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).The study used subsets from a group of 99 patients treated on Children's Oncology Group Study 1961.The 82 patients who were considered either rapid or slow early responses (RER and SER) were randomly assigned into training sets (28 and 26 patients) and test sets (14 in each group).Only 59 patients were available for the long-term outcome analysis, 28 patients with continuous remission for at least 4 years and 31 patients with relapse within 3 years.A 24-gene signature was found to predict for early response, and a different 41-gene signature predicted long-term outcome.However, the three-and five-gene models that the authors derived were ultimately not more informative than existing clinical prognostic factors (age, WBC count, and karyotype).The predictive value of these models was better than chance but fell short of a truly useful step forward.The authors suggest that the failure of their expression-based predictors to have independent significance might be related to the possibility that the most important factors have been already identified.However, strong predictors such as certain chromosomal translocations may obscure more subtle prognostic factors, such as expression signatures.One potentially useful approach to this problem would be to stratify or study such subgroups separately for genomic analyses, an admittedly tall order in relatively uncommon diseases such as childhood ALL.][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Because of the relative scarcity of pediatric cancers, all of these studies have the limitation of small numbers of patients and low statistical power.Nonetheless, as with many other types of cancer, genomic studies of childhood ALL have provided new biologic insights into the pathogenesis and classification of the disease and insights into determinants of success or failure of therapies.The major translational goals of such studies are to stratify patients by more precise prognostic risk groups and to eventually select therapies based on more accurate prediction of drug responsiveness.Variations in treatment protocols among various studies and the biologic heterogeneity of childhood leukemias further complicate the analyses of genomic data in this disease.Thus Flotho et al 8 recently reported that a 14-gene signature, which included several genes associated with cell proliferation, was predictive of outcome in 286 patients with childhood ALL treated with the Total XIII protocol.The same
Soviet Psychiatric Organization and the Community Mental Health Center Concept
Authors: LAWRENCE C. KOLB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Care for the mentally ill in the U. S. has traditionally been hospital-based; there are four times as many psychiatric beds per 1,000 population as in the U.S.S.R., where the district psychoneurological dispensary, emphasizing outpatient services and aftercare, is the focal point of treatment. These dispensaries, which the author describes, have features in common with the community mental health centers to be built in the U. S. The organizational structure for psychiatric services in this country is more complex than in the U.S.S.R. for various historical reasons; the success of the community mental health movement here will require a creative and flexible approach which can break down antiquated boundaries of responsibility.
Lymphocyte Transformation Test Using Dendritic Cells as Antigen Presenting Cells In Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reactions To Heparins
Authors: M TORRES, N BLANCALOPEZ, S LOPEZ, C MAYORGA, G CANTO, P CHAVES, C RONDON, I BRAVO, M BLANCA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Studies on the Relation Between Serum and Spinal Fluid Bilirubin During Early Infancy1
Authors: Maridee Nasralla, Eva Gawronska, David Yi-Yung Hsia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

Although bilirubin has been identified in the cerebrospinal fluid of jaundiced patients, the concentration gradient between serum and spinal fluid has not been accurately determined because of the technical difficulties involved in the measurement of minute quantities of bilirubin (1-6).In young infants, the problem is further compli- cated by having to distinguish between the xantho- chromia caused by intracranial hemorrhage from that associated with physiologic hyperbilirubinemia (7).Sharpe and MacLaire (8) and Levinson, Greengard and Lifvendahl (9) noted that 10 to 25 per cent of newborn infants had blood-tinged spinal fluid and assumed that xanthochromia in this age group was the result of hemorrhage.A few years later, Roberts (10) showed by means of the van den Bergh reaction that the pigment was in reality not heme, but bilirubin.Furthermore, he found that the rise and fall of bilirubin during the first few days of life corresponded with the changes in the bilirubin levels in the serum.Using the icteric index, he estimated the concentration of pigment was about 125 times greater in the se- rum than in the spinal fluid in normal infants, but this ratio is reduced to only 30 times if intracranial hemorrhage should occur.Stempfel and Zetter- str6m (11) have made similar observations on in- fants with erythroblastosis fetalis.They found that the bilirubin in the spinal fluid in such infants is predominantly indirect-reacting, and showed that a correlation exists between indirect bilirubin and total protein in the spinal fluid.The blood-spinal fluid barrier for proteins has previously been studied (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).Otila (14) found that among premature infants, the spinal fluid protein during the first week of life averaged
Dietary nucleotides and gut mucosal defence.
Authors: G K Grimble
Journal: Gut (1994)

The informational aspects of nucleic acid synthesis have attracted much more attention than the quantitative significance of DNA, rRNA, tRNA, and nucleotide synthesis. Animal and human studies suggest that in energetic terms, 5-10% of the energy used in synthesising tissue protein is expended in manufacturing an appropriate amount of synthetic machinery, that is the ribosome and tRNA. The two sources for synthesis of nucleotides are salvage of nucleotides released by intracellular degradation or derived from the diet, and nucleotides synthesised de novo from amino acids (for example, glutamine) and sugars (glucose). The comparative importance of these two processes is not well defined, but rRNA production requires a high de novo input in cell types with the capacity for rapid division (for example, lymphocytes). The gut is unusual in requiring a ready arterial supply of nucleotides synthesised by hepatic de novo pathways. Animal studies show that an exogenous supply of nucleotides (salvage) can improve liver regrowth, immune responsiveness to a microbial challenge, and gut morphology in diarrhoea models. Humans adapt to dietary nucleotide intake by downregulating de novo pathways. All total parental nutrition regimens, and most enteral regimens lack nucleotides, which may predispose to an inadequate supply of preformed nucleotides to gut and immune cells in the critically ill, artificially fed patient. Unfortunately, there are no clinical studies that answer this point at present.
Cytokine correlates of clinical response patterns to infliximab treatment of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: M A Stone
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objective:</b> To identify clinical and immunological markers of response to treatment with infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). <b>Methods:</b> Baseline and sequential cytokine levels (IL1, TNFα, IFNγ, TGFβ and IL10) were examined after 52 weeks of infliximab treatment 5 mg/kg in 22 patients. <b>Results:</b> At week 52, 18 patients were responders and four non-responders according to ASAS group criteria. Clinical measures of disease activity between the two groups at baseline were similar, apart from a trend towards longer disease duration in non-responders (p = 0.08). Baseline CRP and TNFα levels were higher in responders than non-responders (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.006, respectively). The two groups had similar baseline cytokine levels, apart from TNFα. Baseline CRP levels did not correlate significantly with baseline cytokine levels in responders, but a strong correlation was noted between baseline CRP and IL1, IFNγ, and IL10 in non-responders. Apart from an early rise in TGFβ and a decrease in IL10 in responders after the first infusion, sequential cytokine analysis for the first six months of treatment was not related to clinical disease activity measures. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although sequential cytokine analysis does not appear to be informative, baseline CRP and TNFα levels are useful markers of clinical response patterns in patients with AS treated with infliximab.
BESNIER'S PRURIGO: OBSERVATIONS ON ABNORMAL CUTANEOUS AND CENTRAL NERVOUS REACTIONS.
Authors: BRIAN RUSSELL, S. L. LAST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article BESNIER'S PRURIGO: OBSERVATIONS ON ABNORMAL CUTANEOUS AND CENTRAL NERVOUS REACTIONS. Get access BRIAN RUSSELL, M.D., F.R.C.P., BRIAN RUSSELL, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician‐in‐Charge of the Skin Department, The London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. L. LAST, M.D. S. L. LAST, M.D. Consultant in Electroencephalography, The London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 2, 1 February 1955, Pages 65–72, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12689.x Published: 01 February 1955
Toll-like receptor–mediated regulation of zinc homeostasis influences dendritic cell function
Authors: Hidemitsu Kitamura, Hideyuki Morikawa, Hokuto Kamon, Megumi Iguchi, Shintaro Hojyo, Toshiyuki Fukada, Susumu Yamashita, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Shizuo Akira, Masaaki Murakami, Toshio Hirano
Journal: Nature Immunology (2006)
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Response Measures Other Than Complete Remission
Authors: Donna Przepiorka, Albert Deisseroth, Ann T. Farrell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

identifying minimal residual disease (MRD) and complete remission (CR) with incomplete platelet recovery or incomplete blood count recovery (CRp/CRi) as independent prognostic factors for inferior long-term outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ourunderstandingoftheirresultswouldbenefitfromclarificationof two points. First, given that the majority of the MRD-positive patients were in the CRp/CRi group and accounted for approximately one half of that group, we wondered whether the outcomes for CRp/CRi MRDnegativepatientsapproximatedthoseforpatientsinCRorwereinter
Assessment of mitral valve function at operation and the prevention of systemic embolism
Authors: J. K. Ross
Journal: Thorax (1971)

When assessing the function of the mitral valve at operation by palpation or inspection, the surest way to prevent systemic (cerebral) embolism is to have the ascending aorta occluded by a clamp. A technique is described which allows safe assessment of mitral valve function by aortic root and left ventricular perfusion, giving a beating-heart preparation with the aorta cross-clamped. This method has been in successful use for more than two years and has been found particularly useful in the accurate repair of cleft mitral valves in atrioventricular defects (ostium primum defects and atrioventricular canal).
Symposium: Guts, Liver and Bones
Authors: E. Seward, T. Quigley, M. Smith
Journal: Gut (2001)

Background: The British Society of Gastroenterology has published guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ( Gut 2000;46(supp 1):i1-i8). This has important implications for the planning of clinical services, especially with the limited availability of DEXA scanning. We have undertaken a assessment of the need for DEXA scans in our gastroenterology out-patient population.

Methods: In a district general hospital, population 460,000, we identified all patients with coeliac disease and IBD attending all gastroenterology out-patient clinics (3.5 consultant gastroenterologists, total 6 clinics per week) over a one month period. We assessed the number of these patients who required DEXA scanning and further investigation according to the BSG …
Pathogen-Specific Local Immune Fingerprints Diagnose Bacterial Infection in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Chan-Yu Lin, Gareth W. Roberts, Ann Kift-Morgan, Kieron L. Donovan, Nicholas Topley, Matthias Eberl
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Accurate and timely diagnosis of bacterial infection is crucial for effective and targeted treatment, yet routine microbiological identification is inefficient and often delayed to an extent that makes it clinically unhelpful. The immune system is capable of a rapid, sensitive and specific detection of a broad spectrum of microbes, which has been optimized over millions of years of evolution. A patient's early immune response is therefore likely to provide far better insight into the true nature and severity of microbial infections than conventional tests. To assess the diagnostic potential of pathogen-specific immune responses, we characterized the local responses of 52 adult patients during episodes of acute peritoneal dialysis (PD)–associated peritonitis by multicolor flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA, and defined the immunologic signatures in relation to standard microbiological culture results and to clinical outcomes. We provide evidence that unique local “immune fingerprints” characteristic of individual organisms are evident in PD patients on the day of presentation with acute peritonitis and discriminate between culture-negative, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative episodes of infection. Those humoral and cellular parameters with the most promise for defining disease-specific immune fingerprints include the local levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-22, TNF-α, and CXCL10, as well as the frequency of local γδ T cells and the relative proportion of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages among total peritoneal cells. Our data provide proof of concept for the feasibility of using immune fingerprints to inform the design of point-of-care tests that will allow rapid and accurate infection identification and facilitate targeted antibiotic prescription and improved patient management.
Teen Fertility in Transition: Recent and Historic Trends in the United States
Authors: John S. Santelli, Andrea J. Melnikas
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2010)

After considerable declines in teen birth and pregnancy rates between 1991 and 2005, teen birth rates rose unexpectedly in 2006 and 2007. To understand these recent trends, we examined historical changes in fertility, trends in sexual behaviors, social forces, and public policies that may influence teen fertility. Although social forces such as poverty are critical in shaping adolescent reproductive choices, these do not explain rapid change in teen pregnancy risk since 1991. These recent changes, including increases in teen births since 2005, follow closely changes in teen contraceptive use. Likewise, contraceptive use is critical in explaining differences between U.S. and European fertility patterns. Public policies related to HIV prevention and sexuality education may have played a critical role in influencing teen pregnancy risk.
Intermittent versus Continuous Intraperitoneal Glycopeptide/Ceftazidime Treatment in Children with Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis
Authors: FRANZ SCHAEFER, GÜNTER KLAUS, DIRK E. MÜLLER-WIEFEL, OTTO MEHLS
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Intermittent intraperitoneal antibiotic administration appears as a practical and economical therapeutic concept in continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD)-related peritonitis, but the equivalence of this principle with standard continuous treatment awaits confirmation by prospective, randomized clinical trials. This study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and clinical acceptance of an initial combination treatment including a glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) and ceftazidime, each applied either intermittently or continuously, in a cohort of pediatric patients with CPD-related peritonitis. Patients randomized for continuous treatment received an intraperitoneal loading dose of glycopeptide and ceftazidime followed by maintenance doses added to each dialysate bag. In the intermittent treatment groups, the glycopeptide was administered in two loading doses 7 d apart, and ceftazidime during one dialysis cycle per day. Initial treatment response was evaluated after 60 h by the change in a Disease Severity Score and by the clinical decision to continue initial treatment. Of 152 patients observed for a total of 234 patient years, 90 patients developed 195 episodes of peritonitis (including 27 relapses within 4 wk after end of treatment). Dialysate cultures were positive in 83% of the episodes. In Gram-positive peritonitis (79% of culture-positive cases), the primary success (overall 95%) and relapse rates (21%) were not different between continuous and intermittent, or between vancomycin and teicoplanin treatment. Oversensitivity reactions occurred in three and ototoxicity in one vancomycin-treated patient, whereas no such side effects were observed with teicoplanin. Residual renal function declined during peritonitis episodes regardless of treatment modality. In Gram-negative peritonitis (18% of cases), intermittent ceftazidime treatment was less successful than continuous treatment according to clinical judgment (3 of 11 versus 10 of 14, P &lt; 0.05), but not when rated by Disease Severity Score (8 of 11 versus 12 of 14). In conclusion, intermittent and continuous intraperitoneal treatment of CPD-related peritonitis with glycopeptides and ceftazidime is equally efficacious and safe when measured by objective clinical criteria. This contrasts with a strong tendency of clinicians to move from intermittent to continuous treatment in severe peritonitis.
Health Effects of Combat: A Life-Course Perspective
Authors: Barry S. Levy, Victor W. Sidel
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2008)

Armed combat (also termed war or armed conflict) has profound direct and indirect impacts on the long-term physical and mental health of both military personnel and noncombatant civilians. Although most research has focused on immediate and short-term health consequences of war, an increasing number of studies have focused on the long-term health consequences for both veterans of military service and noncombatant civilians. However, these long-term studies focus almost entirely on posttraumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems; relatively few long-term studies have focused on physical injuries due to war and the impact of those injuries on relationships, work, and other aspects of life. This article reviews illustrative examples of the existing literature on these long-term health consequences of war, focusing not only on military veterans of several different armed conflicts but also on noncombatant civilian populations, including spouses and children of military veterans as well as refugees and internally displaced persons. Public health professionals can help address these problems.