tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Multipotent Progenitors from the Peripheral Blood of Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Authors: Kim Chi T. Bui, Dinithi Senadheera, Xingchao Wang, Benjamin Hendrickson, Philippe Friedlich, Carolyn Lutzko
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Studies have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived cells can be recruited to injured lungs through an unknown mechanism. We hypothesize that marrow progenitors are mobilized into the circulation of patients with cardiac and/or respiratory failure, and may then traffic to and incorporate into the sites of tissue injury.To determine whether progenitor populations are increased in the blood of patients with severe acute cardiorespiratory failure placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).Mononuclear cells from ECMO, umbilical cord, and control blood samples were evaluated in colony-forming assays for hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and epithelial cells. Progenitors were identified by proliferative and differentiative capacities, and confirmed by the expression of lineage-specific markers.Significantly higher levels of hematopoietic progenitors were observed in ECMO (n = 41) samples than neonatal intensive care unit (n = 16) or pediatric intensive care unit controls (n = 14). Hematopoietic progenitor mobilization increased with time on ECMO support. Mesenchymal progenitors (MSC) were recovered from 18/58 ECMO samples with rapid sample processing (< 4 h) critical to their recovery. MSC were not recovered from normal controls. ECMO-derived MSC had osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation potential. The recovery of MSC did not influence survival outcome (61%). Epithelial progenitors were observed in eight ECMO samples but not in control samples. Their presence was associated with a lower survival trend (38%).Hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and epithelial progenitors were mobilized into the circulation of patients on ECMO. This may reflect a response to severe cardiopulmonary injury, blood-foreign surface interactions with the ECMO circuit, and/or hemodilution.
Troglitazone inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth and intimal hyperplasia.
Authors: R E Law, W P Meehan, X P Xi, K Graf, D A Wuthrich, W Coats, D Faxon, W A Hsueh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are responses to arterial injury that are highly important to the processes of restenosis and atherosclerosis. In the arterial balloon injury model in the rat, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are induced in the vessel wall and regulate these VSMC activities. Novel insulin sensitizing agents, thiazolidinediones, have been demonstrated to inhibit insulin and epidermal growth factor-induced growth of VSMCs. We hypothesized that these agents might also inhibit the effect of PDGF and bFGF on cultured VSMCs and intimal hyperplasia in vivo. Troglitazone (1 microM), a member of the thiazolidinedione class, produced a near complete inhibition of both bFGF-induced DNA synthesis as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (6.5+/-3.9 vs. 17.6+/-4.3% cells labeled, P < 0.05) and c-fos induction. This effect was associated with an inhibition (by 73+/-4%, P < 0.01) by troglitazone of the transactivation of the serum response element, which regulates c-fos expression. Inhibition of c-fos induction by troglitazone appeared to occur via a blockade of the MAP kinase pathway at a point downstream of MAP kinase activation by MAP kinase kinase. At this dose, troglitazone also inhibited PDGF-BB-directed migration of VSMC (by 70+/-6%, P < 0.01). These in vitro effects were operative in vivo. Quantitative image analysis revealed that troglitazone-treated rats had 62% (P < 0.001) less neointima/media area ratio 14 d after balloon injury of the aorta compared with injured rats that received no troglitazone. These results suggest troglitazone is a potent inhibitor of VSMC proliferation and migration and, thus, may be a useful agent to prevent restenosis and possibly atherosclerosis.
Scintiscans and Computer Assisted Tomographic Findings of Herpesencephalitis
Authors: YOUNG C. KIM, JOHN F. RICE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

The radionuclide, CAT and angiographic features of a case of herpes simplex encephalitis are present. A dramatic change in the abnormal perfusion and static concentration of tracer activity resulted following chemotherapy with Adenine arabinoside. The improvement seen on the dynamic and static scintiscans correlates closely with the patient's clinical course and CAT findings. The radionuclide perfusion study is of particular importance in documenting the diminished activity of the inflammatory process following therapy.
TISSUE REACTIONS TO ANAPHYLACTIC AND ANAPHYLACTOID STIMULI; PROTEOLYSIS AND RELEASE OF HISTAMINE AND HEPARIN
Authors: Georges Ungar, Evelyn Damgaard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Addition of the specific antigen to slices of liver or lung taken from sensitized guinea pigs, or the addition of anaphylactoid agents (tween 20, octadecylamine, morphine, and 48/80) to tissue slices from normal animals, or the perfusion of lung with these agents, has been shown to cause protein breakdown and liberation of histamine and heparin. The dose correlation between these phenomena raises the question of which is the causal event. Suppression of histamine and heparin release by inhibition of proteolysis suggests that the latter is the more fundamental reaction, but the problem probably can not be decided on the basis of present knowledge. Tissue proteolysis induced by the agents investigated in this work results from the action of a protease present in normal tissues as an inactive precursor. Conversion of the proenzyme requires the intervention of a kinase. The tissue kinase seems to be different from the serum kinase which has been shown to be related to complement. Serum kinase, however, also acts on tissue proenzyme and probably plays an important role in tissue reactions as elicited in the intact animal.
Critical role for p47phox in renin–angiotensin system activation and blood pressure regulation
Authors: K GROTE, M ORTMANN, G SALGUERO, C DOERRIES, U LANDMESSER, M LUCHTEFELD, R BRANDES, W GWINNER, T TSCHERNIG, E BRABANT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation leads to increased production of NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), and both have been implicated in the initiation and progression of arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. The cytosolic subunit p47phox is critically involved in agonist-induced NAD(P)H oxidase activation. Here, we investigated the role of p47phox in blood pressure control, endothelium-dependent relaxation, cardiac hypertrophy, RAS activation, and renal oxidative stress under resting conditions.Mice deficient in p47phox (on C57BL/6 background) developed significantly higher systolic blood pressure levels compared to C57BL/6 wild-type animals (136.0+/-3.0 mmHg vs. 112.2+/-2.6, P<0.01, n=16) as measured by the tail cuff method from week 6 up to week 12 post partum. The increase in blood pressure in p47phox-/- mice was associated with an impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation (P<0.005 vs. wild-type, n=11). At the age of 12 weeks p47phox-/- mice showed increased plasma renin activity as analyzed by radioimmunoassay (14.5+/-1.8 ng/mL/h vs. 9.6+/-1.7 ng/mL/h, P<0.05, n=10) and enhanced angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the kidney and aorta as measured by Hip-His-Leu cleavage (7.6+/-0.8 vs. 4.8+/-0.9 nmol/L His-Leu/mg protein, P<0.05, n=5) compared to wild-type mice. No differences in oxygen radical formation was determined in kidney samples by lucigenin- and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence or by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Consistently, treatment with the radical scavenger tempol did not lower blood pressure in p47phox-/- mice, whereas ACE and angiotensin II type I receptor inhibition normalized blood pressure.Deficiency of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47phox leads to RAS activation, which subsequently contributes to blood pressure increase in a ROS-independent manner.
Chest physiotherapy in primary pneumonia.
Authors: S Britton, M Bejstedt, L Vedin
Journal: BMJ (1985)

One hundred and seventy one patients with primary pneumonia entered a single blind, placebo controlled trial of physiotherapy. Treatment was allocated at random, physiotherapy consisting of postural drainage, external help with breathing, percussion, and vibration and the controls receiving advice on expectoration, deep breathing, and how to exercise to avoid thrombosis. Principles of pharmaceutical management were the same in the two groups. There was no objective evidence that daily physiotherapy helped during the acute phase of the disease. On the contrary, in younger patients, smokers, and patients with interstitial pneumonia physiotherapy appeared to prolong the duration of fever as well as the hospital stay. It is concluded that chest physiotherapy is at best useless in patients with primary infectious pneumonia.
Haemoglobin and Serum Lipids
Authors: A. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Background</h3> Smoking in pregnancy increases the risk of foetal and maternal problems; therefore reducing smoking in pregnancy is a public health priority. In 2005, licensing arrangements for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in the United Kingdom were broadened such that NRT could be prescribed to pregnant smokers. However, little is known about trends and uptake of NRT by pregnant women. We aimed to quantify annual trends of NRT uptake in and around pregnancy and variation in prescribing by maternal characteristics. <h3>Methods</h3> In The Health Improvement Network primary care database we identified all pregnancies from 2000 to 2010 in women aged 15–49 years and used READ codes to determine women’s smoking status. NRT prescriptions were identified in all women during three time periods: up to 9 months before conception, during pregnancy, and up to 9 months after delivery. Annual proportions of pregnancies where NRT was prescribed were calculated and variations by age and socio-economic deprivation were assessed using logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> Women were classified as smokers in 19% of 227,552 pregnancies identified in 215,703 women. NRT was prescribed in 4,827 of all pregnancies which represented a prescribing prevalence of 9% of pregnancies in smokers and 2% of pregnancies overall. The rate of NRT prescribing was approximately 50% lower 9 months before and after pregnancy, compared to during pregnancy. There was a gradual increase in the annual rate of prescribing until 2005, after which the rate became stable. The rate of prescribing during pregnancy in smokers was higher in older age groups such that the rate in 30–35 years age group was 17% higher (95% CI 1.05, 1.31) and the rate in 15–20 year age group was 4% lower (0.85, 1.08) than the rate of prescribing in the 25–30 year age group. The rate of prescribing during pregnancy in smokers also increased with deprivation such that it was 34% (1.16, 1.54) higher in the most deprived group than in the least deprived group. Pregnant smokers with asthma and mental illness were 22% (1.11, 1.34) and (1.38, 1.58) more likely to receive a prescription for NRT respectively as compared to pregnant smokers without these comorbidities. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Uptake of NRT is higher during pregnancy compared to time periods outside pregnancy and is higher in smokers from older and more socio-economically deprived groups.
Hypouricaemia and Proximal Renal Tubular Dysfunction in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: M. A. Mir, I. W. Delamore
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Two patients with acute myeloid leukaemia developed hypouricaemia during the period of their illness. Renal clearance studies showed that the hypouricaemia was associated with an increased urate clearance, renal aminoaciduria, and an episodic increase in phosphate clearance. These findings together with an inadequate suppression of urinary urate exceretion after the administration of pyrazinamide suggest proximal tubular dysfunction affecting reabsorption of a wide variety of substances. Ten more patients with acute leukaemia were studied and the results indicate that this lesion develops in a large proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.
Few government forecasts of public expenditure have been realistic
Authors: J. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Matthew G Dunnigan points out that the government's forecast for funding the NHS for 1998-2000 is close to 0.1% growth in real terms—much lower than the average annual 3% real growth awarded to the NHS over the past 20 years.1 Because colleagues and I used the figure of 3% in our projections for …
Twelve Sermons on the “Cries from the Cross”
Authors: Charles H. Spurgeon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Articles1 November 1997Twelve Sermons on the “Cries from the Cross”Charles H. SpurgeonCharles H. SpurgeonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Grief of mind is harder to bear than pain of body. You can pluck up courage and endure the pang of sickness and pain, so long as the spirit is hale and brave; but if the soul itself be touched, and the mind become diseased with anguish, then every pain is increased in severity, and there is nothing with which to sustain it.Charles H. SpurgeonTwelve Sermons on the “Cries from the Cross”; Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books; 1994Submitted by:James T.C. Li, MDRochester, MN 55905 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 9Page: 787 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Anencephalic Newborns as Organ Donors-Reply
Authors: Shlomo Shinnar
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are pleased to have the opportunity to reply to the previous critiques. While we agree with Dr Gillette that biomedical technology often outstrips our moral and social resources, we reject the notion that society should "catch up" to technology by sacrificing important human values. Philosophical and religious conceptions of the value of human life have endured for a long time and do not depend on technology for their validity. We must certainly come to terms with new technology, but not at the cost of becoming its servants. Mr Minogue seriously misrepresents both our position and the history of the brain death debate. We have never maintained that any use of anencephalic infants, or children in general, for research purposes is immoral. We do maintain that the accepted criteria for research in children (ie, that it be of minimal risk and/or of direct benefit to the child) also
Franco-Belgian Cooperative Study of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in the Medical Dissolution of Gallstones: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Dose-Response Study, and Comparison with Chenodeoxycholic Acid
Authors: Serge Erlinger, Alice Le Go, Jean-Marc Husson, Johan Fevery
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

A double-blind randomized, multicenter study was carried out to determine the efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at 4 doses of 2.1 to 16.2 mg-kg −1 day −1 , and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) at the dose of 16.9 mg-kg −1 -day −1 , in 197 patients treated for up to 1 year for radiolucent gallstones in functioning (opacified) gallbladders. There was confirmed complete dissolution in 5.9% of patients receiving UDCA at the dose of 2.1 mg-kg −1 day −1 , 18.9% in those receiving 4.2, 28.9% in those receiving 8.4, 14.6% in those receiving 16.2, and 20.0% in patients receiving CDCA. Partial (over 50%) or complete dissolution occurred in 29.4% of patients receiving 2.1 mg-kg −1 −day −1 of UDCA, 37.8% of those receiving 4.2, 55.2% in those receiving 8.4, 48.7% in those receiving 16.2, and 50.0% in patients receiving CDCA. Complete dissolution occurred significantly more frequently in small (less than 5 mm in diameter) than in large (5 to 15 and more than 15 mm) stones. There was no significant influence of treatment on serum cholesterol and triglycerides in any of the groups. Serum aminotransferases remained normal (or lower than twice the upper normal limit) in all patients treated with UDCA. Diarrhea leading to cessation of treatment occurred in 5% of patients receiving UDCA, but was significantly less frequent than in those receiving CDCA. These results confirm that, within a 1-year period, UDCA is equally effective and induces diarrhea less frequently than CDCA, with an optimal dose (8 mg-kg −1 −day −1 ) approximately twice lower than that of CDCA.
Abstract 4813: DNA methylation of tumor suppressor and metastasis suppressor genes in primary tumors, circulating tumor cells and cell free DNA in the same breast cancer patients
Authors: Maria Chimonidou, Areti Strati, Nikos Malamos, Vassilis Georgoulias, Evi Lianidou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Blood based specimens such as Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and cell free DNA (cfDNA) provide a very promising and non-invasive liquid biopsy approach. In our study, we first compared the promoter methylation status of BRMS1 and SOX17 genes in DNA samples isolated from primary tumors, matched CTCs and cfDNA isolated from the same breast cancer patients. Methods: We first developed and validated real time Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) assays for studying BRMS1, CST6 and SOX17 promoter methylation. We further analysed 165 paired DNA samples isolated from: a) the EpCAM positive CTC fraction from 92 operable, 61 metastatic breast cancer patients and 12 healthy individuals, b) the corresponding plasma from the same individuals. All CTC were also checked for CK-19 mRNA expression by RT-qPCR. Additionally, we investigated the promoter methylation status of BRMS1 and SOX17 in corresponding primary tumors (n=75). Results: In operable breast cancer, comparison of SOX17 promoter methylation status in CTCs and corresponding cfDNA revealed a direct association (P = 0.001), while it was also highly correlated with CK-19 mRNA expression (P=0.006). In patients with verified metastasis, there was a direct connection between SOX17 promoter methylation in CTCs and cfDNA (P=0.046), while SOX17 promoter methylation in cfDNA was highly correlated with CK-19 mRNA expression (P=0.04). Our results are shown below Conclusion: Our findings indicate a direct connection between SOX17 promoter methylation in CTCs and cfDNA both in patients with operable breast cancer, and verified metastasis. resultsBreast CancerGenesCTC fractioncfDNAFFPEsOperable (N=92)CST624/92(26.1%)33/92(35.9%)not analyzedSOX1719/92(20.7%)24/92(26.1%)26/43(60.5%)BRMS120/92(21.7%)22/92(23.9%)19/43(44.1%)Verified metastasis (N=61)CST621/61(34.4%)26/61(42.6%)not analyzedSOX1726/61(42.6%)22/61(36.1%)21/32(65.6%)BRMS126/61(42.6%)4/61(6.6%)5/32(15.6%) Citation Format: Maria Chimonidou, Areti Strati, Nikos Malamos, Vassilis Georgoulias, Evi Lianidou. DNA methylation of tumor suppressor and metastasis suppressor genes in primary tumors, circulating tumor cells and cell free DNA in the same breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4813. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4813
A possible role for rat intestinal surfactant-like particles in transepithelial triacylglycerol transport.
Authors: A Mahmood, F Yamagishi, R Eliakim, K DeSchryver-Kecskemeti, T L Gramlich, D H Alpers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

To further examine whether surfactant-like particles (DeSchryver-Kecskemeti, K., R. Eliakim, S. Carroll, W. F. Stenson, M. A. Moxley, and D. H. Alpers. 1989. J. Clin. Invest. 84:1355-1361) were involved in the transepithelial transport of lipid, alkaline phosphatase activity and surfactant-like particle content were measured in apical mucosal scrapings, enterocytes, lamina propria, and serum after inhibition of chylomicron transport. Serum triacylglycerol levels were decreased 60-76% by Pluronic L-81, fenfluramine, and choline deficiency compared with fat-fed controls. 5 h after triacylglycerol feed, alkaline phosphatase activity in all three experimental groups was decreased compared with controls by 52-69% in mucosal scrapings and by 33-72% in serum. A parallel decline (60%) in alkaline phosphatase activity occurred in the lamina propria of Pluronic-treated animals. Total particle content (measured by an ELISA using antiserum against purified particle) after Pluronic treatment was decreased in mucosal scrapings, lamina propria, and serum by 16, 22, and 29% at 3 h and by 33, 40, and 8%, respectively, at 5 h after fat feeding. In contrast, particle content was increased in enterocytes by 29% 3 h and by 8% 5 h after fat feeding. By electron microscopy, enterocytes from Pluronic- and fenfluramine-treated animals exhibited a two- to threefold increase in large intracellular cytoplasmic lipid globules and the appearance of lamellae in apposition, with a marked decrease in the number of surfactant-like particles overlying the brush border. These changes, produced by inhibition of chylomicron transport, in the distribution of surfactant-like particles and particle-bound alkaline phosphatase are consistent with a role for these particles in transepithelial triacylglycerol transport across and out of the enterocyte.
The Impact of the Revised Case Definition of AIDS
Authors: Jordi Casabona
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since August 1987, when the Centers for Disease Control introduced the new criteria for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case definition,<sup>1</sup>several attempts have been made to assess the impact on surveillance data. Stehr-Green et al<sup>2</sup>retrospectively studied 630 hemophiliacs and reported a 24% cumulative increase. Rutherford et al<sup>3</sup>found a 19% increase in reporting when using the new definition. Gatell et al<sup>4</sup>reported that 19.6% of their cumulated clinical series of patients with AIDS met the 1987 definition only because they had some clinical form of tuberculosis. Our registry systematically collects information on all patients with AIDS diagnosed in Catalonia (an autonomous region in Northeast Spain), covering a population of about 6 million inhabitants. The 1987 case definition criteria were introduced for surveillance purposes in January 1988. Up to the first week of April 1988, three hundred twenty-four cases meeting the old definition
Bulimia nervosa symptomatology and body image disturbance associated with distance running and weight loss.
Authors: D H Gleaves, D A Williamson, R D Fuller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

To investigate the hypothesis that problems characteristic of eating disorders may often be associated with distance running, 20 women who had lost weight through distance running were compared with a control group who did not exercise and had not lost weight and a comparison group of bulimia nervosa patients. Dependent variables were measures of depression, bulimia nervosa symptomatology, and body image disturbance. No differences were found between the runner group and the normal controls. Bulimics differed from runners and controls on most measures. Thus, the results did not support the proposition that weight loss through running leads to problems related to eating and body image. The failure to find disturbances in body image in runners suggests that body image disturbances are not a direct result of weight loss, as suggested by some theorists.