tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Energy Crisis in Muscle
Authors: Joseph B. Warshaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Many clinicians consider biochemical investigations carried out in the Ivory Tower of importance only to the investigator. The report by Bank et al. in this issue of the Journal concerning a defect in fatty acid metabolism is, however, an excellent example of basic-science application to a clinical problem.From the standpoint of energy economy fatty acids are the most important fuels available for oxidative metabolism. The complete oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid yields 140 molecules of ATP whereas the aerobic oxidation of glucose provides only 38 ATP's. Tissues with high energy demands such as myocardium, renal cortex and . . .
Nature, Nurture, and Rapture
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

When we counterpose nature to nurture in human development, we equate nature with heredity, nurture with environment. Paradoxically, environment becomes nature when we contrast it with man, the polluter and despoiler. Man, a part of nature by virtue of his genetic endowment, is transformed into its enemy through his actions. Curiously, whereas beehives, anthills, bird nests and beaver dams are viewed as parts of nature, man-made dwellings, streets, and cities are seen as unnatural, artificial products. Defoliation of forests by birds and despoliation of fields by rodents and insects are accepted as a part of nature's grand scheme, while human activities with similar results are resented as a disruption of the overall balance of natural forces. The integrative concept of a balanced nature with an uppercase "N" owes much to Rousseau's romantic notion of the noble savage. In its extreme form this concept has led to worshipful attitudes of man
ON BOWEN'S DISEASE.*
Authors: P. L. BOSELLINI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1926)

Journal Article ON BOWEN'S DISEASE. Get access P. L. BOSELLINI P. L. BOSELLINI Rome Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 38, Issue 2, 1 February 1926, Pages 47–64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1926.tb09975.x Published: 01 February 1926
Solar ultraviolet radiation is not a major cause of primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: R. Newton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause cutaneous malignancies such as squamous and basal cell carcinoma and melanoma. It has been hypothesised that ultraviolet radiation may also increase the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.1 As evidence exists that specific local factors are important in the aetiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas at certain extranodal sites—for example, Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with primary gastric lymphoma but not with lymphomas at other sites2—I investigated the relation between the incidence of primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and …
Fluorine-18 Fluorothymidine: A New Positron Emission Radioisotope for Renal Tumors
Authors: Nathan Lawrentschuk, A M. T. Poon, A M. Scott
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Fluorine-18 fluorothymidine (F-18 FLT) is a radioisotope based on the nucleic acid thymidine and has emerged as an important tracer that mirrors cellular proliferation in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Early studies in human tumors have been promising. However, imaging of renal tumors using F-18 FLT PET studies has not previously been described. In this report, a difficult case of renal transitional cell carcinoma in a longstanding cyst was clearly delineated using F-18 FLT. Importantly, the study was able to guide clinicians toward appropriate surgical management. The use of such tracers may herald a new era in renal tumor imaging.
Erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with disseminated pustulosis. Production of high levels of interleukin-8 by tumour cells
Authors: E. Poszepczynska, D. Martinvalet, A. Bouloc, H. Echchakir, J. Wechsler, P.A. Becherel, L. Boumsell, A. Bensussan, M. Bagot
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Interleukin (IL) -8 is a neutrophil chemoattractant cytokine with proinflammatory and growth-promoting activities, which is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. It is found in high amounts in lesional biopsies of pustular diseases such as psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis. We report a 50-year-old woman with a 10-year history of erythroderma with disseminated pustulosis. Skin biopsies showed an epidermotropic infiltrate composed of atypical CD4+ CD8+ lymphocytes with numerous admixed neutrophils. Peripheral blood flow cytometric analysis revealed a major clonal subset of CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ T-cell receptor Vβ22+ atypical lymphocytes. Bone marrow biopsy, lymph node biopsy and computed thoracoabdominal tomography were normal. Serologies for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and human immunodeficiency virus were negative. Our patient’s status deteriorated despite topical (nitrogen mustard, psoralen plus ultraviolet A) and systemic (interferon, methotrexate, multiagent chemotherapy) treatments, and she finally died. We showed that our patient’s peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) spontaneously produced high amounts of IL-8. In contrast, PBL of patients with classical Sézary syndrome produced lower amounts of IL-8. The production of IL-8 by tumour T cells could explain this unusual clinical and histopathological presentation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma as disseminated pustulosis.
ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY
Authors: G. J. V. Nossal, A. Abbot, Judith Mitchell, Z. Lummus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

This paper describes the trapping of antigen in lymphoid follicles of rat popliteal lymph nodes as revealed by electron microscopic radioautographs following injection of (125)I-labeled Salmonella adelaide flagella and other materials. The antigen was taken up vigorously, and to an approximately equal extent, by both primary and secondary follicles. The rate of uptake was faster in preimmunized than in virgin adult rats. The bulk of the antigen in follicles was extracellular, and persisted in this location for at least 3 wk. Label was most frequently found at or near the surface of fine cell processes. Many of these were branches of dendritic follicular reticular cells. Such processes interdigitated with equally fine processes of lymphocytes, creating an elaborate meshwork. In some cases, antigen was found between lymphocytes which appeared to be in close apposition. Occasionally, a few grains appeared over lymphocyte nuclei and study of serial sections suggested that this probably represented true entry of small amounts of antigen into lymphocytes. The characteristic "tingible body" macrophages (TBM) of germinal centers appeared to play only a secondary role in follicular antigen retention. They showed degrees of labeling over their phagocytic inclusions varying from negligible to moderately heavy. Moreover, follicles lacking or poor in TBM retained antigen just as effectively as those containing numerous TBM. The hypothesis is advanced that TBM may be derived from monocytes that migrate down from the circular sinus. Follicular localization of three other materials was also studied, though not in such detail. These were (125)I-HSA complexed to anti-HSA: (125)I-labeled autologous IgG; and (125)I-monomeric flagellin. All of these showed the basic features of intercellular, membrane-associated deposition noted with (125)I-flagella. The role of follicular antigen depots in immune induction is discussed. The tentative conclusion is reached that follicular antigen in a primary follicle encounters natural antibody on the surface of certain antigen-reactive lymphocytes. The resultant reaction causes blast cell transformation and eventually the genesis of a germinal center.
Tackling Medical Futility in Texas
Authors: Robert D Truog
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Robert Truog on the concept of medical futility and the case of Emilio Gonzales. (06:35)Download For several weeks this spring, national attention was focused on a mother's struggle to prevent the Children's Hospital of Austin from withdrawing life support from her infant son. Emilio Gonzales was an 18-month-old boy who had Leigh's disease, a progressive and fatal neurometabolic disorder. He had been on life support in the intensive care unit for 5 months. The hospital had invoked the Texas Advance Directives Act, which authorized it to withdraw life support if an ethics committee had determined that further life support was medically inappropriate and provided the hospital gave the family 10 days' notice and attempted to . . .
General Medical Council: Editorial attack misguided
Authors: T. Keable-Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1993)

We have examined the drug consumption of a random sample of 20 patients suffering from chronic pain of diverse causes who were admitted to a pain management programme this year.The mean age of the patients was 47 1 years, and they had had pain for a mean of 9-6 years.The average cost per person of prescription drugs related to their pain (including analgesics, psychotropic drugs, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants) on entry to the programme was £5.32 a week.After four weeks' cognitive behavioural treatment, during which the patients were encouraged to reduce and stop all classes of drugs, 11 of the patients had stopped all their drugs and the average cost per person among the remainder was £1.57 a week.This represents a mean saving across the group of £4.61 per person per week, or £240 a year.This is concomitant with considerable improvements in functional, psychological, and quality of life measures.Our long term follow up data on a much larger group of patients suggest that on discharge 58% have been able to come off all drugs and that this has increased to 65% at one month of follow up.2By six months the figure has fallen to 50%.This suggests that patients do not return to using drugs in the longer term.Given that it has been estimated that 1 1% of the population suffer from chronic pain and that 70% of these take painkilling drugs,' the savings across Britain could be substantial.Patients with chronic pain represent a substantial proportion of most general practitioners' workload.Medicines are often prescribed for want of more effective treatment, but these are continued long term, often with the dose being increased and side effects developing.We suggest that long term use of all classes of drugs in chronic benign pain should be questioned by frequent analysis of the benefit to individual patients.Behavioural approaches show that worthwhile functional improvement can be achieved without the use of drugs.
Bone Marrow Stroma Influences Transforming Growth Factor-β Production in Breast Cancer Cells to Regulate c-myc Activation of the Preprotachykinin-I Gene in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hyun S. Oh, Anabella Moharita, Joseph G. Potian, Ian P. Whitehead, Jason C. Livingston, Tammy A. Castro, Prem S. Patel, Pranela Rameshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Breast cancer cells (BCCs) have preference for the bone marrow (BM). This study used an in vitro coculture of BCCs and BM stroma to represent a model of early breast cancer metastasis to the BM. The overarching hypothesis states that once BCCs are in the BM, microenvironmental factors induce changes in the expression of genes for cytokines and preprotachykinin-I (PPT-I) in both BCCs and stromal cells. Consequently, the expression of both PPT-I and cytokines are altered to facilitate BCC integration within BM stroma. Cytokine and transcription factor arrays strongly suggested that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and c-myc regulate the expression of PPT-I so as to facilitate BCC integration among stroma. Northern analyses and TGF-β bioassays showed that stromal cells and BCCs influence the level of PPT-I and TGF-β in each other. In cocultures, PPT-I and TGF-β expressions were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) increased and decreased, respectively. TGF-β and PPT-I were undetectable in separate stromal cultures but were expressed as cocultures. Two consensus sequences for c-myc in the 5′ flanking region of the PPT-I gene were shown to be functional using gel shift and reporter gene assays. Mutagenesis of c-myc sites, neutralization studies with anti-TGF-β, and transient tranfections all showed that c-myc is required for TGF-β-mediated induction of PPT-I in BCCs. TGF-β was less efficient as a mediator of BCC integration within stroma for c-myc-BCCs. Because the model used in this study represents BCC integration within BM stroma, these studies suggest that TGF-β is important to the regulation of PPT-I in the early events of bone invasion by BCCs.
Quantitative PCR deconstruction of discrepancies between results reported by different hybridization platforms.
Authors: Federico M Goodsaid, Roger J Smith, I Y Rosenblum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Differences in hybridization platforms used in gene array analysis experiments can lead to significant differences in hybridization results. In this study we used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to investigate discrepant results between the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences cDNA and Affymetrix oligo platforms used to evaluate hepatic gene expression changes in rats exposed to methapyrilene. Caldesmon cDNA platform hybridization results showed decreases in gene expression levels for the high-dose methapyrilene 7-day pooled samples compared with their controls. By contrast, the Affymetrix oligonucleotide platform showed increases in expression levels for these samples. Quantitative gene expression measurements provide an explanation for the discrepancies observed for these samples. In the case of caldesmon, there is a 74-base sequence in the cDNA clone that is absent in the Affymetrix sequence. The amplicon based on the cDNA clone shows > 100-fold suppression relative to the day 7 high-dose methapyrilene-pooled control. These data demonstrate the importance of using a "gold standard," such as qRT-PCR to confirm key hybridization results as well as to understand the sources of discrepancies resulting from different hybridization platforms.
Self-titration of Antihypertensive Therapy in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Peter M. Nilsson, Fredrik H. Nystrom
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Death toll in Haiti may reach 200 000
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Medical personnel are among the most pressing needs on the impoverished island of Haiti, aid officials have said, amid reports of massive human suffering and hospitals overwhelmed by the large influx of victims from the devastating earthquake last week ( BMJ 2010;340:c266, 15 Jan, doi:10.1136/bmj.c266).

“We urgently need medical supplies and, even more, emergency medical personnel,” the United Nations chief, Ban Ki-moon, told reporters.

The main priorities are to treat surgical and orthopaedic emergencies and traumatic injuries, prevent wound infections, and ensure the delivery of emergency obstetric and neonatal care, the World Health Organization said.

At least eight hospitals and other healthcare facilities were damaged or destroyed by the earthquake, and those that remain functional are crowded with patients, forcing many people to be treated in makeshift facilities, WHO said.

The International Committee of the Red Cross said that tens of thousands of people are now living in the streets of the capital, Port-au-Prince. …
Inhibition of endotoxin-induced priming of human neutrophils by lipid X and 3-Aza-lipid X.
Authors: R L Danner, K A Joiner, J E Parrillo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Lipid X, a precursor of lipid A (the toxic moiety of endotoxin), has been shown to protect animals from the lethal effects of endotoxin challenge. We investigated the mechanism of action of lipid X and 3-aza-lipid X, a diamino-analogue, in vitro, using the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to prime neutrophils for an enhanced release of toxic oxygen radicals. Lipid X and 3-aza-lipid X inhibited LPS-induced neutrophil priming in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, 3-aza-lipid X was a partial agonist of priming. Lipid X was found to inhibit LPS-induced priming by directly interacting with the neutrophil in contrast to polymyxin B, which neutralized LPS by binding to it. Increasing concentrations of lipid X shifted the LPS dose response curve of neutrophils rightward but did not prevent maximum priming at higher LPS concentrations, a finding consistent with competitive inhibition. These results suggest that lipid X, a compound structurally related to lipid A, may block neutrophil priming by competing with LPS for cellular binding sites. Lipid X appears to have a novel mechanism of inhibiting LPS effect and may have efficacy in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis.
What does “isomorphism between conscious representations and the structure of the world” mean?
Authors: Riccardo Manzotti, Giulio Sandini
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Perruchet &amp; Vinter's provocative article challenges a series of interesting issues, yet the concept of isomorphism is troublesome for a series of reasons: (1) isomorphism entails some sort of dualism; (2) isomorphism does not entail that a piece of the world is a representation; and (3) it is extremely difficult to provide an explanation about the nature of the relation of isomorphism.
The Recognition Process in Dermoscopy
Authors: Alon Scope, Ralph P. Braun
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Further field testing of the more heat-stable measles vaccines in Cameroon.
Authors: D L Heymann, E L Smith, J H Nakano, J G Jato, G E Martin, G K Maben
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Two of the more heat-stable measles vaccines were field tested in Cameroon. Both maintained the minimum required infectivity titre and the ability to induce seroconversion after storage unreconstituted at 37 degrees C for 14 days. One of the vaccines, studied after reconstitution, maintained its ability to induce seroconversion after reconstitution and storage at 25 degrees C for 48 hours and at 37 degrees C for at least four hours. The increased heat stability of the studied vaccines will not eliminate the need for a well-monitored system of vaccine conservation and distribution but will ease the rigid cold-storage requirements of conventional measles vaccines.
A SIMPLE METHOD OF OBTAINING STOMACH CONTENTS.
Authors: J. A. STORCK
Journal: JAMA (1907)

At times it happens that some difficulty is experienced in obtaining stomach contents by the expression method from patients after a test breakfast or test meal, and the operator hesitates to use violent suction methods by means of pump or otherwise. In such a case the simple device which I have used successfully for some time will be found quick and economical: A in Figure 1 represents the stomach tube in place in the patient's stomach; B, a glass T tube; and C, a piece of rubber tubing used for suction purposes. To the latter the lips of the operator (Fig. 1) are applied and gentle suction is made; or, a rubber bulb D (Fig. 2) is attached to the end of the tube. When suction is made by the operator's lips the free end of the T tube, E, is closed by means of the index finger and gentle
Alterations in Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships in the Lung after Breathing Inert Dust or Bronchoconstrictor Aerosols and after Short Periods of Voluntary Hyperventilation
Authors: J. M. Raine, J. M. Bishop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

The increase in airway resistance that follows the breathing of fine inert dust was first demonstrated by DuBois and Dautrebande (1), who also showed that an aerosol of carbachol had the same effect.The compliance of the lungs was reduced, which led these authors to conclude that the in- creased airway resistance was unevenly distributed.Constantine and associates (2) confirmed the in- creased airway resistance in similar experiments and also noted an increase in intrathoracic gas volume, which they attributed to trapping of gas.McDermott (3) found a significant increase in airway resistance after breathing similar dusts at concentrations almost certainly less than those used by the previous workers and more comparable to the concentrations encountered under certain in- dustrial conditions.She also commented on the considerable individual variation in response.The first part of the present study had two main objectives, the first of which was to determine the extent to which these inhaled materials altered the distribution of alveolar ventilation and to observe the effects this had upon respiratory gas exchange in the lungs.Of at least equal importance was the possibility that the experiments might reveal some- thing of how the distribution of alveolar perfu- sion responds to an acute alteration in the distri- bution of alveolar ventilation, and this has in- fluenced the design of the experiments.During these experiments the possibility arose that the observed effects might result from the as- sociated moderate hyperventilation.A preliminary observation lent support to the idea that hyperventilation was followed by an increase in