tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Verapamil therapy: a new approach to the pharmacologic treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. I. Hemodynamic effects.
Authors: D R Rosing, K M Kent, J S Borer, S F Seides, B J Maron, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The hemodynamic effects of intravenous verapamil administration were examined in 27 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Increasing doses of verapamil produced small increases in heart rate and cardiac output and a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, but had no significance effect on mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The highest dose of verapamil increased heart rate from 72 +/- 3 to 81 +/- 6 beats/min and reduced systolic blood pressure from 118 +/- 8 to 99 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than 0.005). This dose decreased the basal left ventricular outflow tract gradient from 94 +/- 14 to 49 +/- 14 mm Hg and the average left ventricular outflow tract gradient during the Valsalva maneuver from 76 +/- 5 to 63 +/- 13 mm Hg, during amyl nitrite inhalation from 69 +/- 15 to 39 +/- 13 mm Hg, and during isoproterenol infusion from 108 +/- 29 to 70 +/- 21 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that verapamil can significantly decrease left ventricular outflow obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and thus may provide an important new therapeutic agent in the treatment of this disorder.
Metered dose inhalers free of chlorofluorocarbons
Authors: M. Partridge, A. Woodcock
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The metered dose inhaler, which is used by patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is about to undergo some substantial changes. Health professionals need to know why and how these changes are occurring so that they can ease their patients' transition from old to new.

The reason for the changes lies in the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The possibility that chlorofluorocarbons, which are widely used as aerosol propellants and refrigerants, might deplete stratospheric ozone was first suggested 20 years ago.1 This caused concern because reduction of the ozone layer would permit increased exposure to ultraviolet B radiation, with the possibility of increased rates of skin cancer and cataracts and other less obvious effects on the immune system, vegetation, and plant and animal growth.2 3 Such postulated thinning had been confirmed over Antarctica by 1986. Government action had, however, …
An occupational reproductive research agenda for the third millennium.
Authors: Christina C Lawson, Teresa M Schnorr, George P Daston, Barbara Grajewski, Michele Marcus, Melissa McDiarmid, Eisuke Murono, Sally D Perreault, Steven M Schrader, Michael Shelby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

There is a significant public health concern about the potential effects of occupational exposure to toxic substances on reproductive outcomes. Several toxicants with reported reproductive and developmental effects are still in regular commercial or therapeutic use and thus present potential exposure to workers. Examples of these include heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and herbicides, and sterilants, anesthetic gases, and anticancer drugs used in health care. Many other substances are suspected of producing reproductive or developmental toxicity but lack sufficient data. Progress has been limited in identifying hazards and quantifying their potencies and in separating the contribution of these hazards from other etiologic factors. Identifying the causative agents, mechanisms by which they act, and any potential target populations, present the opportunity to intervene and protect the reproductive health of workers. The pace of laboratory studies to identify hazards and to underpin the biologic plausibility of effects in humans has not matched the pace at which new chemicals are introduced into commerce. Though many research challenges exist today, recent technologic and methodologic advances have been made that allow researchers to overcome some of these obstacles. The objective of this article is to recommend future directions in occupational reproductive health research. By bridging interdisciplinary gaps, the scientific community can work together to improve health and reduce adverse outcomes.
816 RIBAVIRIN DOSE REDUCTION DURING TELAPREVIR CONTAINING TRIPLE THERAPY DOES NOT AFFECT EARLY VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN NON-RESPONDERS AND RELAPSERS WITH ADVANCED LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: E. Janczewska, R. Flisiak, H. Berak, D. Zarebska-Michaluk, B. Dobracka, A. Pisula, A. Horban, W. Kryczka, W. Dobracki, M. Librant-Suska, D. Kozielewicz, W. Lojewski, K. Jurczyk, T. Lapinski, J. Musialik, B. Postawa-Klosinska, J. Wroblewski, K. Augustyniak, M. Dudziak, I. Olszok, A. Ruszala
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Skin Pigmentation by Phenindione
Authors: J. Jefferson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

NDIMWI!L JowuMU adherent to the oesophagus.When the neuroma was dissected away the oesophagus filled out but none the less dilators were passed.The " neuroma " had a cotton ligature in- corporated in it.Since then I have ligated only the distal vagal end, sometimes burying it under a serosal suture to obviate (?) such stump neuromata.The patient has had no recurrence of symptoms since.This case tends to support the view that stump neuromata may by them- selves cause symptoms as suggested in your leader.-Iam, etc.,
Accuracy in Recorded Diagnoses
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Although making accurate diagnoses is a critical clinical skill, putting accurate diagnoses on the face sheet of a medical record does not have the same priority for most physicians. Even those who see recording a correct principal diagnosis as an important part of good clinical thinking are unlikely to be perfectionists regarding additional diagnoses because it is hard to see that they will have any effect on patient care. See also p 2197. In the last few years, however, major journals have published a growing number of articles in which recorded additional diagnoses play an important part in analysis, either to establish a clinical point or to assess additional diagnoses as a measure of clinical severity of illness. Investigators seek to secure information from additional diagnoses, which would otherwise require costly manual abstraction, about the occurrence of adverse events and the risk of outcomes such as death. In addition, hospital
Benign Ectopic Multinodular Thyroid Tissue in the Submandibular Region With a Coexistent Normotopic Multinodular Thyroid Gland Harboring Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Thomas W. Barber, Sze Ting Lee, Ernest Lim, Hou Kiat Lim, Andrew M. Scott
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 72-year-old woman was referred for radioiodine ablation for papillary thyroid cancer in a multinodular goiter after a right hemithyroidectomy and subsequent completion thyroidectomy. Inadequate elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone after thyroid hormone withdrawal was investigated with a Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate scan and a 0.5 mCi I-131 scan. Radiotracer accumulation within the right submandibular region on both scans was found to represent benign multinodular thyroid tissue on subsequent resection. Benign ectopic thyroid tissue in the submandibular region is rare, may be misdiagnosed as metastatic disease and likely prevented adequate thyroid stimulating hormone elevation during thyroid hormone withdrawal in this case.
THE TIME TO OPERATE IN APPENDICITIS.
Authors: H. D. NILES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

For a long time the appendix and adjacent parts were distinguished as being the only structures in the human body where the known presence of pus was not an indication for its removal. Ignorant of the etiology and pathology of the inflammatory diseases of this region, restrained by exaggerated ideas of the hazards of intra-peritoneal surgery, few surgeons had the courage to oppose this violation of a generally recognized law; and for many years, under various names, appendicitis received only those treatments that were purely medicinal, symptomatic and palliative, while the results depended alone upon the unaided reparative efforts of nature. But since the pathologist has conclusively proven that from the very nature of the disease, neither internal medications nor external applications<i>can</i>have any direct effect upon this disease, and that all clinical evidence to the contrary must of necessity be deceptive, and since modern methods and perfected skill
Manpower Needs by Specialty
Authors: Robert P. Janes
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While presenting an interesting approach to health manpower planning, one wonders if this is an adequate method to plan for the future. Basically, it seems that traditional patterns of utilization and delivery are being used as the foundation for projections regarding future needs. The discussion does not specifically in any depth address the introduction of new delivery systems, the focal point in the treatment cycle (prevention vs curative measures), or attempts to provide mechanisms for assisting physicians in the practice of medicine, all of which will have a major impact on the types of physician manpower required in the future. The data also suggest the rationale of some recent federal initiatives that are beginning to affect physician distribution, if only to a limited degree. Most notable of these efforts is the creation of the National Health Services Corps with its objective of providing health care in medical
Gallium-67 Citrate Accumulation in Parotid and Submandibular Glands in Sarcoidosis
Authors: EDWARD LUBAT, ELISSA LIPCON KRAMER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Sarcoidosis is known to involve the salivary glands both clinically and pathologically. Gallium scintigraphy is an accepted, sensitive means for detecting active sarcoidosis. Images from a gallium-67 citrate study demonstrating active sarcoidosis involving both parotid and submandibular salivary glands are presented.
Types of Delirium Tremens
Authors: J. Bird
Journal: BMJ (1850)

Many of the erroneouis principles acted on, at varoustmes, in practical medi- cine, have been drawn from narrow-minded views of the specialities of da , considered as entitie, and without reference to the analogies of their henoma.Nosology, to be of real ical utility in medicine, must have its fouthtion in the relations which exist between modified tates of dise, each leading to im t ints of practioe.Tle influence which one clas of morbidfuctional d ta has in modifying the conditions of subordinate functions in other cl, shld be made an importt consideration in our study of disees affecting different tissues, but a i in their phenomna and p as originating in dergmts ommon to all their
Bepotastine Besilate Ophthalmic Solution 1.0% Provides Rapid Relief of Rhinorrhea, Total Non-Ocular Symptoms, Tearing, and Ciliary and Episcleral Hyperemia Following Dosing in a Multi-Site Clinical Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: E.J. Meier, T.T. Macejko, M.T. Bergmann, E.B. MCLaurin, F.K. Kurata, P.J. Gomes, J.I. Williams, J.A. Gow, T.R. McNamara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Ethylene Dibromide and Disulfiram— A Lethal Combination
Authors: Ralph E. Yodaiken
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Disulfiram (Alcophobin, Antabuse) is widely used in alcoholism-control programs. First noted for its effects on workers in a rubber plant, its toxicity in the presence of ethyl alcohol was explored by Hald et al.<sup>1</sup>It acts by inhibiting cytoplasmic and mitochondrial dehydrogenases in the liver, thereby interfering with the ethanol-acetaldehyde-acetic acid pathway. Normally given orally, problems with patient compliance stimulated disulfiram implants, but thus far these have enjoyed doubtful success.<sup>2</sup>The drug continues to be the mainstay of the small antialcohol pharmaceutical armamentarium. Ethylene dibromide (EDB; 1,2-dibromethane) is widely used as a lead scavenger in leaded fuels. It is also used as a fumigantinsecticide or nematocide, as a synthetic intermediate, and is contained in numerous pesticides. However, it is because of its chemical role in tetraethyl-lead—Containing mixtures that production reached approximately 149 million kg in 1973. With publication of several toxicity studies, an employee exposure standard of 20
Impairment of Swallowing in COPD
Authors: Seiichi Kobayashi, Hiroshi Kubo, Masaru Yanai
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

We read with great interest the article by Dr. Gross and colleagues regarding impaired coordination of breathing and swallowing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (1). This important observation demonstrated impaired coordination of respiratory cycle with deglutition in the patients with moderate to severe COPD. Although swallowing function was not measured in this study, impairment of swallowing function has been observed in patients with COPD (2–4). Moreover, an impaired swallowing response has been reported as a potential risk factor for an exacerbation of COPD (4). Disrupted breathing–swallowing coordination and impaired swallowing response could increase the risk of aspiration, and may contribute to exacerbations of COPD. We propose that physicians pay attention not only to breathing but also to swallowing in patients with COPD to prevent aspiration and further exacerbations.
S107 The influence of viral symptoms in infective exacerbations of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: M. P. Smith, C. J. Doherty, J. R. W. Govan, K. Templeton, A. T. Hill
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Aim</h3> The aim of this study was to determine whether presence of viral symptoms influenced severity or outcome of exacerbations of bronchiectasis. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients presenting to our outpatient service with exacerbations of bronchiectasis (defined as increasing cough, increasing sputum volume and worsening sputum purulence) requiring 2 weeks9 oral antibiotic therapy were included. Patients reporting viral symptoms (defined as fever and any two of: unusual tiredness, headache, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, anorexia, myalgia, diarrhoea or vomiting) were compared with those who did not. The following outcomes were used to assess the exacerbation and response to 2 weeks9 antibiotic therapy between the two groups: sputum bacteriology; sputum colour; 24 h sputum volume; respiratory viral PCR [Influenza A and B; Respiratory Syncytial Virus; Parainfluenza Type 1, 2, 3; Adenovirus]; incremental shuttle walk test; total white cell count; lymphocyte count; neutrophil count; C reactive protein; Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. Data is presented as median (IQR) and groups compared using the Mann–Whitney U Test. <h3>Results</h3> 40 patients were included. 17 reported viral symptoms. Of the 17 patients who reported viral symptoms, only 2 had positive viral PCR [Influenza Type B (n=1) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (n=1)]. No patient in the group not reporting viral symptoms had a positive viral PCR. At the start of the exacerbation, there was no significant difference in any parameter between the groups and both groups had a similar and positive impact with 2-week course of antibiotic therapy. Abstract S107 table 1 details the measurements at the start and end of the exacerbation for each group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was a low prevalence of positive virology despite the presence of viral symptoms and outcomes were similar in patients with and without viral symptoms. Larger cohort studies are needed.
MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK UNDERGOING PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY IS PREDICTED BY CLINICAL BUT NOT BY ANGIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Ronen Jaffe, Basil Lewis, David Halon, Idit Lavi, Ronen Rubinshtein, Keren Zisman, Rafael Wolff, Asaf Danon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The role of pericytes in blood-vessel formation and maintenance
Authors: Gabriele Bergers, Steven Song
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2005)

Blood vessels are composed of two interacting cell types. Endothelial cells form the inner lining of the vessel wall, and perivascular cells—referred to as pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells or mural cells—envelop the surface of the vascular tube. Over the last decades, studies of blood vessels have concentrated mainly on the endothelial cell component, especially when the first angiogenic factors were discovered, while the interest in pericytes has lagged behind. Pericytes are, however, functionally significant; when vessels lose pericytes, they become hemorrhagic and hyperdilated, which leads to conditions such as edema, diabetic retinopathy, and even embryonic lethality. Recently, pericytes have gained new attention as functional and critical contributors to tumor angiogenesis and therefore as potential new targets for antiangiogenic therapies. Pericytes are complex. Their ontogeny is not completely understood, and they perform various functions throughout the body. This review article describes the current knowledge about the nature of pericytes and their functions during vessel growth, vessel maintenance, and pathological angiogenesis.
Walter C. Alvarez: American Man of Medicine
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Probably Walter Alvarez is one of the best known, most widely read and highly respected physicians of this century. His numerous technical writings have been studied by scientists and physicians, his syndicated newspaper column was followed by millions of laymen, and his book and editorials in<i>Modern Medicine</i>were enjoyed by thousands of physicians. He worked in laboratories, engaged in private practice in several localities, was a Mayo Clinic staff member for a quarter-century, traveled widely, read extensively, and made friends with leaders in many fields. Although his specialty was gastroenterology, he was especially interested in the psychological and neurological problems of his patients. As Di Cyan says in his brief introduction to this volume, "Many physicians treat diseases; Alvarez treats people who have diseases." This book is a selection of Alvarez's editorials and commentaries published in<i>Modern Medicine</i>in the 1960s and early 1970s. They deal with a wide
Association of expired nitric oxide with occupational particulate exposure.
Authors: Jee Young Kim, Matthew P Wand, Russ Hauser, Sutapa Mukherjee, Robert F Herrick, David C Christiani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Particulate air pollution has been associated with adverse respiratory health effects. This study assessed the utility of expired nitric oxide to detect acute airway responses to metal-containing fine particulates. Using a repeated-measures study design, we investigated the association between the fractional concentration of expired nitric oxide (F(E)NO) and exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic mass median diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 micro m (PM(2.5)) in boilermakers exposed to residual oil fly ash and metal fumes. Subjects were monitored for 5 days during boiler repair overhauls in 1999 (n = 20) or 2000 (n = 14). The Wilcoxon median baseline F(E)NO was 10.6 ppb [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.1, 12.7] in 1999 and 7.4 ppb (95% CI: 6.7, 8.0) in 2000. The Wilcoxon median PM(2.5) 8-hr time-weighted average was 0.56 mg/m(3) (95% CI: 0.37, 0.93) in 1999 and 0.86 mg/m(3) (95% CI: 0.65, 1.07) in 2000. F(E)NO levels during the work week were significantly lower than baseline F(E)NO in 1999 (p < 0.001). A significant inverse exposure-response relationship between log-transformed F(E)NO and the previous workday's PM(2.5) concentration was found in 1999, after adjusting for smoking status, age, and sampling year. With each 1 mg/m(3) incremental increase in PM(2.5) exposure, log F(E)NO decreased by 0.24 (95% CI: -0.38, -0.10) in 1999. The lack of an exposure-response relationship between PM(2.5) exposure and F(E)NO in 2000 could be attributable to exposure misclassification resulting from the use of respirators. In conclusion, occupational exposure to metal-containing fine particulates was associated with significant decreases in F(E)NO in a survey of workers with limited respirator usage.
High-resolution computed tomographic characteristics in acute farmer's lung and in its follow-up
Authors: Y. Cormier, M. Brown, S Worthy, G Racine, N.l Muller
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans are increasingly used in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). This study looked at HRCT findings at different phases of farmer's lung (FL), a common form of HP. A cross sectional analysis of 95 HRCT scans of FL cases (20 acute, 75 with a history of FL, 48 still in contact (Ex +) (dairy farm), and 27 who had ceased contact (Ex-)) was made. All scans were read independently by two, and if needed by three, radiologists blinded to the category. The lungs were divided into six regions (fives lobes + lingula), and read for attenuation/mosaic, ground-glass, micronodules, fibrosis, and emphysema. A score of 0-3 was given for each region and each variable: 0 = absence, 1 =<25% of the surface, 2 = 25-50%, 3 =>50%. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy was also noted. Ground glass, predominating in the lower lobes, was the most frequent feature in the acute and Ex+ cases. Other abnormalities had no preferential distribution. Ex+ had more ground-glass than the Ex- (p=0.0025). Emphysema was more frequently seen than interstitial fibrosis (p=0.004). Mediastinal lymphadenopathy was present in 26 cases (9 acute, 10 Ex+ and 7 Ex-). In conclusion, in farmer's lung: 1) ground-glass predominates in the lower lobes while the other abnormalities have no anatomic predilection; 2) contact avoidance allows a better resolution of computed tomography abnormalities than continued exposure; 3) emphysema is a more frequent finding than interstitial fibrosis; and 4) the presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy has no negative diagnostic value.
Silencing of TMS1/ASC Promotes Resistance to Anoikis in Breast Epithelial Cells
Authors: Melissa J. Parsons, Pritty Patel, Daniel J. Brat, Laronna Colbert, Paula M. Vertino
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is characterized by ductal epithelial cells that have filled the luminal space of the breast duct and survive despite loss of extracellular matrix contact. In normal epithelial cells, the loss of such contact triggers a form of apoptosis known as detachment-induced apoptosis or "anoikis." TMS1/ASC is a bipartite adaptor molecule that participates in inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. Epigenetic silencing of TMS1 has been observed in a significant proportion of human breast and other cancers, but the mechanism by which TMS1 silencing contributes to carcinogenesis is unknown. Here, we examined the role of TMS1 in anoikis. We found that TMS1 expression is induced in response to loss of substratum interactions in breast epithelial cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TMS1 leads to anoikis resistance, due in part to the persistent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and an impaired ability to up-regulate the BH3-only protein Bim. We further show that the detachment-induced cleavage of procaspase-8, a newly described mediator of cellular adhesion, is significantly inhibited in the absence of TMS1. These data show a novel upstream role for TMS1 in the promotion of anoikis, and suggest that silencing of TMS1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer by allowing epithelial cells to bypass cell death in the early stages of breast cancer development. This conclusion is supported by in vivo data showing that TMS1 is selectively down-regulated in the aberrant epithelial cells filling the lumen of the breast duct in a subset of primary DCIS lesions.