tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of thoracic gas volume by low-frequency ambient pressure changes in children
Authors: R Peslin, F Marchal, C Gallina, M Oswald, JP Crance
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

The validity of a new method for measuring thoracic gas volume (TGV) was studied in 69 children, 4-16 yrs old, including twelve normal children and 57 children with an obstructive (n = 38) or restrictive (n = 19) respiratory disease. The method consisted of applying very slow (0.05 Hz) sinusoidal variations of ambient pressure around the body (delta Pam = 40 cmH2O peak to peak) and studying the relationship between delta Pam and the resulting gas displacement at the mouth (Vaw): TGVapc = PB.delta Vaw/delta Pam.cos phi, where PB is barometric minus alveolar water vapour pressure and phi the phase angle between Pam and Vaw. Functional residual capacities derived from TGVapc (FRCapc) were compared to the values obtained by plethysmography (FRCplet) and by helium dilution (FRCdil). FRCapc did not differ significantly from FRCplet in either the entire group (1.75 +/- 0.62 l vs 1.79 +/- 0.45 l) or in the patient subgroups. However, with the new method a trend to slightly lower FRCs was seen in patients with the most obstruction (p less than 0.05). FRCdil was significantly lower than both FRCapc and FRCplet (p less than 0.001), particularly in children with obstruction. Significant correlations were found between the three methods (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, the method investigated requires that the subject breathe very regularly for a period of several minutes. This was rarely achieved, so that the reproducibility of the measurements was unacceptably low. At present, the method cannot be recommended for routine use in 4-16 yr old children.
Serum Triglycerides as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: A Patel, F Barzi, K Jamrozik, T H Lam, H Ueshima, G Whitlock, M Woodward
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The importance of serum triglyceride levels as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases is uncertain.We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of prospective studies conducted in the Asia-Pacific region. Cox models were applied to the combined data from 26 studies to estimate the overall and region-, sex-, and age-specific hazard ratios for major cardiovascular diseases by fifths of triglyceride values. During 796,671 person-years of follow-up among 96,224 individuals, 670 and 667 deaths as a result of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, respectively, were recorded. After adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors, participants grouped in the highest fifth of triglyceride levels had a 70% (95% CI, 47 to 96) greater risk of CHD death, an 80% (95% CI, 49 to 119) higher risk of fatal or nonfatal CHD, and a 50% (95% CI, 29% to 76%) increased risk of fatal or nonfatal stroke compared with those belonging to the lowest fifth. The association between triglycerides and CHD death was similar across subgroups defined by ethnicity, age, and sex.Serum triglycerides are an important and independent predictor of CHD and stroke risk in the Asia-Pacific region. These results may have clinical implications for cardiovascular risk prediction and the use of lipid-lowering therapy.
Relation between biochemical severity and intelligence in early treated congenital hypothyroidism: a threshold effect
Authors: S L Tillotson, P W Fuggle, I Smith, A E Ades, D B Grant
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> : To assess whether early treatment of congenital hypothyroidism fully prevents intellectual impairment. <b>Design</b> : A national register of children with congenital hypothyroidism who were compared with unaffected children from the same school classes and matched for age, sex, social class, and first language. Setting - First three years (1982-4) of a neonatal screening programme in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. <b>Subjects</b> : 361 children with congenital hypothyroidism given early treatment and 315 control children. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Intelligence quotient (IQ) measured at school entry at 5 years of age with the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence. <b>Results</b> : There was a discontinuous relation between IQ and plasma thyroxine concentration at diagnosis, with a threshold at 42.8 nmol/l (95% confidence interval 35.2 to 47.1 nmol/l). Hypothyroid children with thyroxine values below 42.8 nmol/l had a mean IQ 10.3 points (6.9 to 13.7 points) lower than those with higher values and than controls. None of the measures of quality of treatment (age at start of treatment (range 1 -173 days), average thyroxine dose (12.76 mug in the first year), average thyroxine concentration during treatment (79-234 nmol/l in the first year), and thyroxine concentration less than 103 nmol/l at least once during the first year) influenced IQ at age 5. <b>Conclusions</b> : Despite early treatment in congenital hypothyroidism the disease severity has a threshhold effect on brain development, probably determined prenatally. The 55% of infants with more severe disease continue to show clinically significant intellectual impairment; infants with milder disease show no such impairment. The findings predict that 10% of early treated infants with severe hypothyroidism, compared with around 40% of those who presented with symptoms in the period before screening began, are likely to require special education.
DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF TRANSFORMED ATOXYL PRODUCED BY INCUBATING ONE PER CENT. AND TEN PER CENT. ATOXYL IN BLOOD
Authors: B. T. Terry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. 10 per cent. atoxyl in blood incubated at 37 degrees C. for 1 hour gives rise to a solution that is much more than ten times as toxic as a 1 per cent. solution of atoxyl similarly incubated. 2. When the comparison is made after incubation for 3 hours instead of for 1 hour, the toxicity of the 10 per cent. solution is but slightly greater than ten times that of the 1 per cent., provided the red blood corpuscles are not removed from the dilutions. 3. If the corpuscles are removed from both the 10 per cent. and the 1 per cent. atoxyl solutions immediately after incubation at 37 degrees for 1 to 3 hours, the dilutions of the 10 per cent. atoxyl are much more than ten times as toxic as the corresponding dilutions of the 1 per cent. atoxyl. 4. After incubation with atoxyl at 37 degrees for 1 to 3 hours, red blood corpuscles left at room temperature in dilutions made from the 10 per cent. and 1 per cent. solutions in blood increase markedly the toxicity of the dilutions made from the 1 per cent. atoxyl, but increase very slightly the toxicity of the dilutions made from the 10 per cent. atoxyl. 5. If one desires to produce a large amount of transformed atoxyl by incubating atoxyl in blood at 37 degrees for 1 to 3 hours, strong solutions of atoxyl should be chosen in preference to weaker solutions.
Archiving Primary Data: Solutions for Long-Term Studies
Authors: James A. Mills, Céline Teplitsky, Beatriz Arroyo, Anne Charmantier, Peter. H. Becker, Tim R. Birkhead, Pierre Bize, Daniel T. Blumstein, Christophe Bonenfant, Stan Boutin, Andrey Bushuev, Emmanuelle Cam, Andrew Cockburn, Steeve D. Côté, John C. Coulson, Francis Daunt, Niels J. Dingemanse, Blandine Doligez, Hugh Drummond, Richard H.M. Espie, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Francesca Frentiu, John W. Fitzpatrick, Robert W. Furness, Dany Garant, Gilles Gauthier, Peter R. Grant, Michael Griesser, Lars Gustafsson, Bengt Hansson, Michael P. Harris, Frédéric Jiguet, Petter Kjellander, Erkki Korpimäki, Charles J. Krebs, Luc Lens, John D.C. Linnell, Matthew Low, Andrew McAdam, Antoni Margalida, Juha Merilä, Anders P. Møller, Shinichi Nakagawa, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Ian C.T. Nisbet, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Daniel Oro, Tomas Pärt, Fanie Pelletier, Jaime Potti, Benoit Pujol, Denis Réale, Robert F. Rockwell, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Alexandre Roulin, James S. Sedinger, Jon E. Swenson, Christophe Thébaud, Marcel E. Visser, Sarah Wanless, David F. Westneat, Alastair J. Wilson, Andreas Zedrosser
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2015)
Molecular mechanisms of proliferation in endometrial tumour cells
Authors: A. Bamberger
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

The human endometrium normally undergoes a cyclic proliferation process followed by differentiation under the influence of ovarian steroids and locally produced growth and differentiation factors. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling these processes is of great interest, since imbalances between proliferation- and differentiation-promoting signals can have pathophysiological consequences ranging from infertility to endometrial hyperplasia and tumour formation. The present work reviews aspects of the role played by oncogenes and ovarian steroid receptors in modulating proliferation of endometrial tumour cells. The expression pattern and possible roles of protein kinase C (PKC) subunits are discussed in the context of response-specificity of endometrial tumour cells to tumour-promoting agents such as 12 -O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol acetate (TPA) and possible implications for anti-tumour therapy.
Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review
Authors: J. Sunyer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

There is consistency in the findings that relate the acute increases in urban air pollution (mainly the particulate matter) and the short-term health effects ( i.e. mortality and hospital admissions) on patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Beyond the acute effects, a relevant public health and scientific question is to what extent chronic exposure to air pollution is related with lung function impairment and development of COPD. The few cross-sectional studies showed an increase of self-reported diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, breathlessness and mucus hypersecretion and lower levels of lung function in the more polluted areas. The two cohort studies in children have found a retardation of pulmonary function growth, and the only cohort in adults a faster decline of lung function. Given the intrinsic limitations of cross-sectional studies to separate the timing between exposure and effects, and the weaknesses of the cohorts ( i.e. few areas, short follow-up, only one retest, lack of individual weighting of air pollution measure) there is a need for new prospective studies. These should be performed in a large number of geographical areas and with a long follow-up to asses the impact of long-term air pollution on lung function growth and decline, and on incidence, duration, severity and survival of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Malignant mesothelioma: new insights into tumour biology and immunology as a basis for new treatment approaches.
Authors: J W Upham, M J Garlepp, A W Musk, B W Robinson
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Recent decades have witnessed a dramatic rise in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma as a result of the mining of asbestos and its widespread use in industry.In spite of current measures to reduce exposure to asbestos, the incidence of mesothelioma is predicted to continue increasing for another 20 years' as a result of the prolonged latency period between exposure to asbestos and development of the disease.Given the failure of conventional med- ical treatment to make an impact on mesothelioma, the need is urgent to develop new treatment strategies directed at this tumour.This review focuses on new insights into the basic tumour biology and immunology ofmeso- thelioma, and suggests how they might be ap- plied in new approaches to treatment.
Partially T-Cell–Depleted Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation for First-Line Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: A Prospective Evaluation of Patients Treated in the Phase III Study HOVON 24 MM
Authors: Henk M. Lokhorst, Christine M. Segeren, Leo F. Verdonck, Bronno van der Holt, Reinier Raymakers, Marinus H.J. van Oers, Renee M.Y. Barge, Harry C. Schouten, Petra H.M. Westveer, Monique M.C. Steijaert, Jan J. Cornelissen, Pieter Sonneveld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To determine in a prospective study the efficacy, toxicity, and long-term outcome of up-front allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in multiple myeloma (MM).In the prospective phase III study by the Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group (HOVON), HOVON 24 MM, 53 patients with an HLA-identical sibling (median age at transplantation, 48 years; range, 31 to 56 years) were allocated to a partial T-cell-depleted allo-SCT after induction therapy.The overall response rate after allo-SCT was 89% (47 of 53 patients), including the 19% of patients (10 of 53 patients) with a complete remission (CR). Five patients achieved a CR only after allo-SCT. Five (71%) of seven primary refractory patients obtained a response to allo-SCT, all of whom had a partial remission. With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 25 to 61 months), 20 patients are alive since allo-SCT and 33 patients have died (14 from progressive disease, 18 from treatment-related mortality [TRM], and one from another cause). Occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease grades 2 to 4 predicted for higher TRM in a time-dependent analysis. The median progression-free survival time after allo-SCT was 17 months. Median overall survival time after allo-SCT was 25 months, or 29 months from the start of therapy. Only three patients are in continuing CR, indicating that the potential cure rate of this approach is, at best, 6%.This first prospective evaluation of up-front allo-SCT of MM in a multicenter setting does not support the use of T-cell-depleted myeloablative allo-SCT as part of first-line therapy.
Pneumocystis carinii in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia.
Authors: A Sinicco, A Maiello, R Raiteri, M Sciandra, G Dassio, C Zamprogna, B Mecozzi
Journal: Thorax (1996)

A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia is reported. Pneumocystis carinii was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a young homosexual man who was asymptomatic without any evidence of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency but with a low CD4+ cell count. A clinical and histological diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis was made. During follow up the patient had oral candidiasis and a CD4+ cell count persistently below 300/microliters. This case is highly suggestive of concurrent pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia.
The dynamics of cumulative knowledge
Authors: David Leiser
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Exploiting existing representations implies tapping an enormous domain, coextensive with human understanding and knowledge, and endowed with its own dynamics of piecewise and cumulative learning. The worth of Clark &amp; Thornton's proposal depends on the relative importance of this dynamics and of the bottom-up mechanism they come to complement. Radical restructuring of theories and patterns of retrieval from long-term memory are discussed in the context of such an evaluation.
Direct Demonstration of Exocytosis and Endocytosis in Single Mouse Juxtaglomerular Cells
Authors: Ulla G. Friis, Boye L. Jensen, Jeanette K. Aas, Ole Skøtt
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The rate of renin secretion from renal juxtaglomerular (JG) cells is the major determinant of the activity of the renin-angiotensin system. However, the mechanisms involved in the excretion and turnover of secretory granules in the JG cells remain obscure. Therefore, in the present study, the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to single JG cells from the mouse kidney to measure changes in cell membrane capacitance ( C m ) as an index of secretory activity. Resting JG cell C m was stable, on average 3.13±0.13 pF (SEM, n=106). In isotonic solutions, C m was unaffected by [Cl − ] i . C m was consistently increased (7.0±1.3% and 7.2±3.1%) by intracellular cAMP (1 to 10 μmol/L). This effect was mimicked by extracellular application of the β-agonist isoproterenol to the JG cells (9.4±3.1%). At 100 μmol/L, cAMP induced a paradoxical decrease in C m of ≤20%, which was mimicked by forskolin. Cell swelling induced by a 7% reduction in osmolality increased C m with no significant additional effects to [Cl − ] i and cAMP. cAMP increased whole-cell outward current 2- to 4-fold in all groups, but no correlation between changes in whole-cell currents and C m existed. We conclude that the whole-cell patch-clamp method allows the study of exocytosis and endocytosis in JG cells. Renin release induced by the cAMP pathway and by cell swelling is exocytotic, and high-intracellular cAMP levels activate membrane retrieval mechanisms.
Ba 679 Br, a new long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator: a pilot dose-escalation study in COPD
Authors: FP Maesen, JJ Smeets, MA Costongs, FD Wald, PJ Cornelissen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Preclinical studies with Ba 679 Br have demonstrated a significantly longer duration of action than ipratropium bromide. Following inhalation of single doses, no systemic antimuscarinic effects were noted at doses likely to be bronchodilating in man. The objective of the present pilot-study of Ba 679 Br was to establish the dose-range for its bronchodilatory activity in a small number of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, before initiating a formal dose- and time-response study. Employing an open cross-over design, the efficacy of Ba 679 Br was tested, following single inhalational administration of five doses of increasing magnitude on separate days in six patients with COPD. A piezoelectric crystal was used, in order to nebulize an aqueous solution into a mist suitable for inhalation. There was a mean increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 36% 30 min after inhaling ipratropium bromide 40 micrograms. Pulmonary function tests (FEV1, and specific airways conductance (sGaw)) were performed, at regular time intervals up to 24 h after test drug inhalation. The bronchodilatory activity of Ba 679 Br appeared to be dose-related in the dose-range tested (10-160 micrograms). A peak response was reached in 1.5-2 h, and persisted for 10-15 h in the majority of patients with return to baseline FEV1 approximately 19 h after dosing. No changes in physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG) and laboratory safety tests from predose values were noted, and no serious adverse events were reported by the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Early Smoking Onset and Risk for Subsequent Nicotine Dependence: A Monozygotic Co-Twin Control Study
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, John Myers, M. Imad Damaj, Xianging Chen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Early onset of regular smoking is associated with an elevated risk for later nicotine dependence. Whether or not this association is causal is unknown and has substantial public policy implications.
Multicenter Prospective Study in Elderly Patients Treated with DTX and BEV for Advanced Nonsquamous NSCLC: TORG1014
Authors: N. Hida, H. Okamoto, Y. Hosomi, Y. Takagi, F. Oshita, N. Seki, K. Minato, H. Kunitoh, S. Morita, K. Watanabe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Aqua jogging-induced pulmonary oedema
Authors: J. Regnard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

The case study by Wenger and Russi 1, of pulmonary oedema occuring during aqua jogging, is interesting. Aqua jogging certainly lowers the burden to joints and tendons as compared with land running. Conversely, running or cycling at sustained intensity may lead to higher burden to lung tissue in water than on ground. In water, the exercising mechanical strain 2 is strengthened by congestion of …
p53 status and efficacy of primary anthracyclines/alkylating agent-based regimen according to breast cancer molecular classes
Authors: F.-C. Bidard, M.-C. Matthieu, P. Chollet, I. Raoefils, C. Abrial, J. Dômont, M. Spielmann, S. Delaloge, F. André, F. Penault-Llorca
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
MCP-1 secretion in lung from nonsmoking patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis
Authors: A Boitelle, P Gosset, MC Copin, D Vanhee, CH Marquette, B Wallaert, B Gosselin, AB Tonnel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Exposure to coal dust leads to the development of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP), a disease associated with an accumulation of macrophages in the lower respiratory tract. Mechanisms controlling monocyte recruitment are still poorly understood. Since monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is recognized as a potent chemotactic factor for blood monocytes, we analysed the presence of MCP-1 in the pulmonary compartment of patients with CWP. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 16 nonsmoking control subjects and 27 nonsmoking CWP patients (16 with simple pneumoconiosis (SP) and 11 with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF)) was analysed. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were purified by adherence and BALF was concentrated tenfold by lyophilization. MCP-1 was measured in BALF and in 3 h AM supernatants using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The localization of MCP-1 in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from three patients with CWP and two control subjects. MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in concentrated BALF from patients with SP or PMF (median 370 and 555 pg x mL-1, respectively) than in those from control subjects (median 11 pg x mL-1) (p&lt;0.001). Released MCP-1 in AM supernatants was enhanced in patients with CWP (median 83 pg x mL-1) but compared to controls (median 41 pg x mL-1) this level did not reach significance. Although significantly increased, AM counts in BALF from patients with CWP did not correlate with MCP-1 levels. MCP-1 levels in BALF correlated with MCP-1 levels in AM supernatants (p=0.47; p&lt;0.02). In control lung specimens, MCP-1 was expressed by a few AMs, type II pneumocytes and perivascular smooth muscle cells. CWP sections were characterized by an increased number of AMs and mainly by the presence of fibroblasts (in the myogenic area of fibrotic lesions) and hyperplastic type II pneumocytes, which were strongly immunostained for MCP-1. Our data demonstrate that: 1) patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis have a marked pulmonary overproduction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; and 2) in addition to alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts (probably myofibroblasts) and hyperplastic type II pneumocytes may also be responsible for this increased level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in coal worker's pneumoconiosis.