tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A device that changed my practice: Palmtop medical information
Authors: D. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Medical practice is increasingly being computerised. In our offices we use our PCs to prescribe electronically with fewer errors, automatic recognition of potential drug interactions and allergies, and more legible scripts. Clinical decision support software offers the potential to add rigour to our decision making. Many of us use real time web access to support this functionality. How can these important developments be extended to our work in the emergency department, on home visits, while caring for patients in institutions, and other settings where the practitioner is away from the office and its resources?

It is …
Termination of acute atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome by procainamide and propafenone: Importance of atrial fibrillatory cycle length
Authors: Kwabena A. Boahene, George J. Klein, Raymond Yee, Arjun D. Sharma, Osamu Fujimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Methotrexate hepatotoxicity and the premature reporting of Mark Twain's death: Both greatly exaggerated
Authors: Marshall M. Kaplan
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Ten histological criteria were evaluated semiquantitatively in the liver biopsies of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before initiation of methotrexate (MTX) and were compared with 40 biopsies taken during MTX treatment (mean cumulative dose 1,322 mg). Mesenchymal changes (Kupffer cell proliferation, portal tract infiltration) and parenchymal alterations (nuclear variability, ballooning, fatty infiltration) were very common without statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Slight periportal and/or portal fibrosis was present in 25% of patients without statistical differences between groups. Central fibrosis occurred in 13.5-12.5%. We conclude that liver abnormalities in RA are not related to MTX treatment.
Development after Physical Abuse in Early Childhood
Authors: D. Glaser
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Physical abuse is the commonest category on child protection registers (41% in 1994). Although most physical abuse is not serious, several follow up studies have shown a poor outcome for these children's development. The study reported in this book throws interesting light on factors determining longer term outcome for a group of children physically abused in early life.

A cohort of 170 children, registered for physical abuse under the age of 5, were followed up 9-10 years later. In all, 86% of the sample had been physically injured, mostly receiving superficial soft tissue injuries, and the remainder were considered to be at serious risk …
Pro C<sup>R</sup> Global: An effective screening test for thrombophilia
Authors: P.K. Gupta, R. Ahmed, M. Kannan, S.N. Dwivedi, V.P. Choudhry, R. Saxena
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

In the present study, the Pro C(R) Global test was evaluated as a screening test for estimation of the activity of the main plasma components of the anticoagulant protein C (PC) / protein S (PS) pathway; 300 patients with a history of thrombosis were investigated for Pro C(R) Global. It was positive in 74 patients. Tests for estimation of PC, PS, activated protein C resistance (APCR), and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) were performed in all the patients with abnormal Pro C(R) Global and in 10 patients with normal Pro C(R) Global. In all, 66 of the 74 patients had a defect in PC/PS/APCR or LAC; 18 patients had both PC and PS deficiency, 25 had PS deficiency alone, 10 had PC deficiency alone, one had APCR alone, eight had PS, PC deficiency with APCR, and four had PS deficiency with APCR. In the 10 patients who tested negative with the Pro C(R) Global test, PC, APCR, and LAC were negative in all. However, PS deficiency was seen in two of them. The sensitivity and specificity of Pro C(R) Global, calculated with respect to positivity of PC, PS, LAC, or APCR as the gold standard, were 97% and 50%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the assay was 88.1%. It is thus recommended that Pro C(R) Global can be used effectively as a screening test to detect abnormality in the PC/PS/APCR/LAC pathway.
The Harvard Medical Unit at Boston City Hospital, vol 1: History of the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory and the Harvard Medical Services From Their Founding Until 1974
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The Thorndyke Memorial Laboratory was created by a special endowment to the Boston City Hospital, and the Laboratory, together with the Harvard clinical services, was directed by Harvard Medical School faculty. The unit comprised a world-famous research and training center. Under the direction of such men as George Minot, William Castle, Maxwell Finland, and Charles Davidson, many hundreds of physicians were trained. The output of published research was vast. In the course of half a century there emerged from that unit a high percentage of the nation's medical leaders. This book is the story of an epoch. Although Dr Finland carried the major responsibility for the writing, there is multiple authorship. For those who had been associated in any way with the Thorndyke, the book is an admirable account of what had happened. Much of the text is a formalized story that provides the factual background, with a "who did
Operation Rates, Mortality Statistics and the Quality of Life
Authors: John P. Bunker, John E. Wennberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The quality of surgical care remains unmeasured. We are not yet even certain how to define the quality of care, let alone how to measure it. But we do know that there are large quantitative differences in the surgical care received by different populations, and it is reasonable to assume, a priori, that there are also differences in quality.Operation rates in the United States are double those in England and Wales.1 Residents in some geographic areas of Kansas are two, three and four times more likely to undergo elective surgery than residents of other areas in the same state. . . .
ROENTGEN THERAPY IN HEREDITARY DIFFUSE POLYPOSIS OF THE COLON
Authors: B. T. VANZANT
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Diffuse polyposis of the colon of the hereditary type is a distinct disease entity to be clearly differentiated from the postinflammatory type of polyposis, which it resembles in some respects. It is characterized by the presence of multiple, sessile or pedunculated polyps occurring throughout the large bowel and in extreme cases so numerous as almost to replace the normal mucosa. Microscopically the polyps show an adenomatous structure associated with hyperplasia of the lymph follicles and infiltration of the tumor and surrounding tissues with lymphocytes and plasma cells. Ultimately malignant degeneration almost invariably occurs in one or more polyps. It is not a common disease, for only approximately 200 cases were to be found in the literature in 1938. Its hereditary character has been recognized only during the last twenty years. By carefully questioning one can usually uncover, in members of the family of affected persons, the presence either of the
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS-POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE, WEIGHT LOSS OR BOTH ON PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN OBESE SUBJECTS WITH OBSTRUCTS SLEEP APNEA
Authors: Julio A. Chirinos, Indira Gurubhagavatula, Raymond Townsend, Karen Teff, Thomas Wadden, Daniel Rader, Gary Foster, Alexandra L. Hanlon, Greg Maislin, Jesse Chittams, Preston Broderick, Zeshan Ahmad, Allan Pack
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The hottest thing in remediation.
Authors: Harvey Black
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Scientists and engineers are exploring a new way to decontaminate toxic waste sites by literally turning up the heat on pollutants. The method heats the ground using electricity or steam, which mobilizes the contaminants so they can either be extracted from the ground and destroyed or actually destroyed in place. Among the targets for this method are pollutants such as creosote, solvents, and gasoline. These in situ thermal technologies also offer the benefit of reaching contaminants not previously amenable to cleanup, such as those found beneath structures and below the water table.
categorization in artificial agents: guidance on empirical research?
Authors: william s.-y. wang, tao gong
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

by comparing mechanisms in nativism, empiricism, and culturalism, the target article by steels &amp; belpaeme (s&amp;b) emphasizes the influence of communicational constraint on sharing color categories. our commentary suggests deeper considerations of some of their claims, and discusses some modifications that may help in the study of communicational constraints in both humans and robots.
Increased surface tension of the lung and surfactant in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.
Authors: T Horiuchi, M Ikegami, R M Cherniack, R J Mason
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The increased elastic recoil of the lung in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat is due in part to increased surface forces. This study was designed to determine the role of surface tension in situ and in vitro 21 d after instillation of bleomycin. Using sequentially measured pressure-volume curves generated with air, saline, air after lavage with Tween 20, and saline, surface tension was significantly higher in bleomycin-treated lungs than in untreated lungs (4.7 +/- 1.1 versus 1.8 +/- 0.2 dyne/cm, p < 0.01). Surface tension was determined in vitro with a Wilhelmy balance using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, surfactant, and organic solvent lipid extracts of surfactant. Bleomycin treatment resulted in elevated minimal surface tensions: BALF (20.7 +/- 0.6 versus 13.6 +/- 3.8 dyne/cm, p < 0.02), isolated surfactant (12.0 +/- 1.3 versus 3.0 +/- 0.5 dyne/cm, p < 0.02), and the organic solvent lipid extracted surfactant (11.0 versus 3.2 dyne/cm). These results indicate that the physical properties of surfactant in lungs of rats treated with bleomycin are abnormal and contribute to the increased elastic recoil in this model of pulmonary fibrosis.
Venous Stasis in the Transition of Edematous Pancreatitis to Necrosis
Authors: Marion C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

CURRENT CONCEPTS emphasize the importance of pancreatic duct obstruction, combined with exocrine hypersecretion, as an important mechanism responsible for the initiation of pancreatic inflammatory disease.<sup>1</sup>Duct hypertension is associated with the release of pancreatic enzymes into the interstitial areas of the gland and is manifested clinically by pain, nausea, and vomiting. Recent studies have shown that proteolytic enzymes, introduced into the interstitial tissues, increase the permeability of local pancreatic blood vessels.<sup>2</sup>Fluid extravasted into the interlobular areas varied from a simple serous type of transudate to a grossly bloody fluid, depending upon the amount of enzyme injected. Earlier studies have confirmed that an incubated mixture of autologous whole blood and trypsin produced severe necrosis when injected into the pancreatic ducts of dogs.<sup>3</sup>Nemir and his associates were first to describe this phenomenon; they demonstrated the presence of an abnormal hemin pigment in enzyme-digested blood.<sup>4</sup>Our
The Postpericardiotomy Syndrome and Antiheart Antibodies
Authors: MARY ALLEN ENGLE, JOHN C. MCCABE, PAUL A. EBERT, JOHN ZABRISKIE
Journal: Circulation (1974)

In a prospective, double-blind study, heart-reactive antibody in high titer was detected, using an indirect immunofluorescent technique, in the serum of patients in whom the postpericardiotomy syndrome developed after intrapericardial surgery. The syndrome occurred in 26 of 86 consecutive longterm survivors of such surgery, an incidence of 30%. Presence of antibody correlated closely with the clinical syndrome. Demonstration of this antiheart antibody in high titer appears to offer laboratory confirmation of the syndrome.
Trends in prevalence of asthma and allergy in Finnish young men: nationwide study, 1966-2003
Authors: Jari Latvala, Leena von Hertzen, Harri Lindholm, Tari Haahtela
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Recent reports on time trends in atopic disease suggest that the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis has levelled off in some European countries after several decades of increasing. 1 2 We reported earlier that the prevalence of asthma in young Finnish men remained stable from 1926 to 1961 but started to rise steeply during the 1960s; a sixfold, virtually linear increase in asthma prevalence was found between 1966 and 1989, in parallel with increases in indicators of disabling asthma (on the basis of the percentage of men exempted from military service at call-up owing to asthma and of men discharged during service as a result of asthma). 3 We examined whether similar trends have continued during the subsequent 13 years (1990-2003).As data on current trends in prevalence of allergic conditions are scarce, we also examined the trends in prevalence of allergic rhinitis and eczema from 1966 to 2003 among these young men.
Sulphasalazine in asymptomatic Crohn's disease. A multicentre trial.
Authors: J E Lennard-Jones
Journal: Gut (1977)

During a six year period 43 patients with Crohns disease were included in a double-blind controlled trial of sulphasalazine given for one year as a possible treatment for reducing the relapse rate after resection or in asymptomatic patients with established disease. No trend in favour of sulphasalazine over the control group was observed. The difficulties of such a trial due to the small number of patients entered from nine hospitals, the varied nature of the disease, and the high incidence of complications, such as intraperitoneal abscess formation, are discussed.
Harlequin fetus successfully treated with etretinate
Authors: FRANCES LAWLOR, SANDRA PEIRIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A harlequin fetus seen at birth was treated with etretinate and more general measures, including careful attention to fluid balance, calorie intake and temperature control. She improved, continued to develop, and had survived to 5 months at the time of this report.
Network modulation following sham surgery in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ji Hyun Ko, Andrew Feigin, Paul J. Mattis, Chris C. Tang, Yilong Ma, Vijay Dhawan, Matthew J. During, Michael G. Kaplitt, David Eidelberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Patient responses to placebo and sham effects are a major obstacle to the development of therapies for brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we used functional brain imaging and network analysis to study the circuitry underlying placebo effects in PD subjects randomized to sham surgery as part of a double-blind gene therapy trial. Metabolic imaging was performed prior to randomization, then again at 6 and 12 months after sham surgery. In this cohort, the sham response was associated with the expression of a distinct cerebello-limbic circuit. The expression of this network increased consistently in patients blinded to treatment and correlated with independent clinical ratings. Once patients were unblinded, network expression declined toward baseline levels. Analogous network alterations were not seen with open-label levodopa treatment or during disease progression. Furthermore, sham outcomes in blinded patients correlated with baseline network expression, suggesting the potential use of this quantitative measure to identify "sham-susceptible" subjects before randomization. Indeed, Monte Carlo simulations revealed that a priori exclusion of such individuals substantially lowers the number of randomized participants needed to demonstrate treatment efficacy. Individualized subject selection based on a predetermined network criterion may therefore limit the need for sham interventions in future clinical trials.
Dipsticks for diagnosis of urinary tract infection in the nursing home
Authors: D. Kaye
Journal: JAMA (1995)

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Volvulus of Meckel's Diverticulum
Authors: Thos. Carwardine
Journal: BMJ (1897)

Tii;=1637 optic neuritis was present.By the perimeter he was found to have well-marked bitemporal hemianopia, the nasal half of the field of vision being perfect.He did not suffer from headaches, but if he stooped he felt as though his head was swelling and would burst.The ribs were quite twice the thickness of normal ones, and markedly thickened at the sternal ends.The sternum was enlarged to a considerable degree, and projects forward.The heart was normal.The spleen and liver were not examined.There was no apparent enlargement of the thyroid.He perspired very freely, and suffered much from thirst.He constantly felt drowsy.Memory for recent events was very bad, but he remembered things that happened years ago well.His gait was slow, measured, with a pronounced stoop, and he had difficulty in getting up and down stairs.Both knees and shoulders were affected with rheumatoid arthritis.In the nineteen days he was under my observation he lost 4 lbs.RE,MARKS.Since August 24th, 1897, the patient has been taking tabloids of "pituitary gland substance," gr.ii (B.WV. and Co)., three times a day, with the following result, which I give
Anti-DNA autoantibody-producing hybridomas of normal human lymphoid cell origin.
Authors: E Cairns, J Block, D A Bell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Fusion of human myeloma cell line GM 4672 and tonsillar lymphoid cells from a normal donor resulted in 13 primary hybridomas, which produced IgM anti-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) antibodies, as determined in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nine of these primary hybridomas have been cloned and a total of 34 clones were obtained. Supernatants of these cloned hybridomas were tested for binding to ssDNA, native DNA, RNA, low molecular weight supernatant DNA, polydeoxyguanylate-polydeoxycitidylate, polydeoxyadenylate-thymidylate sodium salt, and cardiolipin. Supernatants from all clones but one showed polyspecificity when reacting with the antigens tested. That the clones were true hybridomas rather than transformed lymphoid cells was evidence by IgM anti-DNA antibody secretion, karyotype analysis, and HLA typing. These studies imply that immunoglobulin genes encoding for anti-DNA autoantibodies with a spectrum of nucleic acid specificities similar to systemic lupus erythematosus, exist among normal B lymphocytes.
Stomal dilation of a rigid gastrostomy for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): novel technique using a standard duodenoscope
Authors: T. Itoi, M. Shinohara, A. Sofuni, F. Itokawa, Z. Qiang
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) via a gastrostomy by stomal balloon dilation through a surgical or radiological gastrostomy site has been described in a few cases [1] [2] [3]. We report here a novel technique for dilating a rigid percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) stoma for therapeutic ERCP.
Early Prediction of Response to First-Line Therapy Using Integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT for Patients with Advanced/Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dae Ho Lee, Seok-Ki Kim, Ho-Young Lee, Sung Young Lee, Sun Hwa Park, Hyae Young Kim, Keon Wook Kang, Ji-Youn Han, Heung Tae Kim, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
The Biologic Parabola: A Look at Serum Cholesterol
Authors: E. Cheraskin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To  Editor.—  We have always held to  commonsense scientific philosophy that underweight is as undesirable as overweight, too tall is as unhealthy as too short, and, it would follow, hypocholesterolemia must be just as pathogenic as hypercholesterolemia.  Accordingly, we have been fascinated with  small but increasing number of scientific reports dealing with a variety of disease states and low cholesterol levels. Ueshima et al 1 have questioned  practice of maintaining  total serum cholesterol level as low as possible to prevent coronary heart disease and cerebral stroke. From a ten-year study, they reported a significant negative correlation between total serum cholesterol (from 150 to 200 mg/dL) and both cerebral hemorrhage ( r =—.83) and cerebral infarction (r=—.84). According to these authors, the mortality rate for stroke increases in groups with a total cholesterol level lower than 160 mg%. They note further that our results suggest that
A quarter of physicians rate their hospital's continuity of care as poor or very poor
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

More than a quarter (28%) of consultant physicians say that their hospital’s ability to deliver continuity of care is either poor or very poor.

A similar proportion (27%) believe that their hospital is poor or very poor at delivering stable medical teams for patient care and education, show findings from a survey by the Royal College of Physicians. The survey was emailed to 7420 fellows of the college, of whom 29% responded to the questions above.

The results of the survey back up concerns raised by …
Intestinal Duplication Mimicking Meckel Diverticulum
Authors: Eman K. Alenizi, Mahmoud A. Alfeeli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is often intermittent and the bleeding source may be difficult to locate, resulting in delay of potentially life-saving treatment. Technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy is the imaging study of choice for evaluating children with GI bleeding in whom a Meckel diverticulum is suspected. Ectopic gastric mucosa may be found in duplication cysts, gastrogenic cysts, and intestinal duplication giving rise to false positive interpretation. We present an infant with lower GI bleeding who was being investigated for Meckel diverticulum and found to have intestinal duplication.
The Whole Emergency Medicine Catalog
Authors: John H. van de Leuv
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<i>The Whole Emergency Medicine Catalog</i>is an interesting book. It contains bits of information that are considered of value to the practicing emergency staff, but it is not intended as a clinical text. Much of the information is displayed in tables, graphs, algorithms, and short sections. Some sections offer essential advice in the practice of emergency medicine; others are useless. The authors admit that the model for this book was the success of previously published departmental catalogs in internal medicine and pediatrics. It is also stated in the preface that the book is not intended to be an all-inclusive textbook. That is indeed the case. <i>The Whole Emergency Medicine Catalog</i>contains some useful information. Unfortunately, it is interspersed with bits of useless data. It takes time to get used to the book before it can be useful as a quick reference. The section on the "barefoot doctor's" remedies includes treatments