tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Firm reply to a weak agenda: GMSC's response to the government's "agenda for discussion"
Authors: N. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The tone of the response is set in the foreword by Dr Michael Wilson, chairman of the  Medical Services Committee: Sadly, the government's Agenda for Discussion shows signs of a faltering commitment to the National Health Service. It contains proposals which, if implemented, could undermine the basic principles on which the NHS was built 40 years ago. Having already seen policies implemented to reduce NHS dental, ophthalmic, and pharmaceutical services, is it now the turn of NHS general practice to be gradually and irreversibly reduced in its scope and accessi? bility? There is no room for complacency about the NHS and its primary care services. Ever increasing demands are being made on the service and resources are not being increased to match. The GMSC is aware that primary care can be improved, and the government appears to share this view. But this Agenda for Discussion focusses on the wrong issues if progress is to be made. It fails to confront the overriding lack of adequate resources which threatens the standards and quality of our primary care system. General practice is highly valued by the public and has a reputation envied internationally for being accessible, comprehen? sive, and cost effective. The Agenda for Discussion should have aimed at building on these strengths rather than being preoccupied with essentially peripheral matters. Nowhere within the govern? ment's document is there any hint that additional resources will be provided to fund the development of primary care. Unfortunately, this is consistent with the government's previous persistent refusal to implement any proposals for developing general practice which would require additional resources, however minimal. Nevertheless, the GMSC welcomes the publication of this Agenda for Discussion because it must surely end a long and frustrating period during which the development of primary care has been thwarted by government inertia. Action is now long overdue and urgently needed. We expect the government to respond to the wishes of the profession and the public that it fulfils its duty under the NHS Act to provide a comprehensive NHS available to all. The GMSC has presented to the government many proposals for developing general practice. Discussions of these have been baulked by the government's refusal to consider any change that might pre? empt the long awaited publication of its Agenda for Discussion. In particular the GMSC has urged the government to provide develop? ment funding for general practice so that more general practitioners can undertake an increasing range of work in areas such as minor surgery, paediatric surveillance, and other preventive measures. The government has persistently refused to provide the funding and incentives for this work, even though various cost benefit analyses have shown that long term savings would accrue.
Further experience with amoxycillin in typhoid fever in children.
Authors: J N Scragg
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A study of 155 children with typhoid fever proved by blood culture showed that amoxycillin was superior to chloramphenical with regard to clinical and temperature response and relapse and carrier rates. This confirmed the findings of a randomised clinical trial on 200 children with typhoid fever and lends support to the value of amoxycillin in this disease.
Home Monitors of Blood Glucose: Comparison of Precision and Accuracy
Authors: Donald S North, Joseph F Steiner, Kellie Murphy Woodhouse, James A Maddy
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Home monitors of blood glucose (HMBGs) are gaining acceptance as part of the standard of care for ambulatory self-monitoring and treatment of diabetic patients. Currently there are several HMBGs marketed in the United States, each claiming reliability, accuracy, and “user friendliness,” with most of these claims largely unsubstantiated. The objective of our study was to analyze and statistically compare the accuracy and precision of the HMBGs produced by the major competitors in this everexpanding medical field. Accuracy of each monitor was studied by comparing the glucose value reported by each HMBG with that determined by a reference method (YSI 23A). Precision or reproducibility of results was performed by testing a single, known whole-blood glucose sample 20 times on each monitor. The precision of each device was tested on known low, normal, and elevated samples. Actual and absolute deviations from the reference standard demonstrate that the Accuchek bG and Glucoscan 2000 monitors provide relatively unbiased estimates of blood glucose, whereas the Glucokey, Glucochek II, Glucometer II, and Trendsmeter generally underestimate the true values. The Diascan and Accuchek II monitors, in a separate evaluation, demonstrated acceptable accuracy and precision. We conclude that the Accuchek bG and Glucoscan 2000 statistically are the most accurate and precise HMBGs.
Time To Remember To Forget Dose-Intensification in Lymphoma
Authors: Bruce D. Cheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

patients with febrile neutropenia: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 29:3977-3983, 2011 7. Klastersky J, Paesmans M, Georgala A, et al: Outpatient oral antibiotics for febrile neutropenic cancer patients using a score predictive for complications. J Clin Oncol 24:4129-4134, 2006 8. Kern WV: Risk assessment and treatment of low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis 42:533-540, 2006 9. Innes HE, Smith DB, O’Reilly SM, et al: Oral antibiotics with early hospital discharge compared with in-patient intravenous antibiotics for low-risk febrile neutropenia in patients with cancer: A prospective randomised controlled single centre study. Br J Cancer 89:43-49, 2003 10. Uys A, Rapoport BL, Anderson R: Febrile neutropenia: A prospective study to validate the Multinational Association of Supportive Care of Cancer (MASCC) risk-index score. Support Care Cancer 12:555-560, 2004 11. Carstensen M, Sorensen JB: Outpatient management of febrile neutropenia: Time to revise the present treatment strategy. J Support Oncol 6:199-208, 2008 12. Freifeld A, Sankaranarayanan J, Ullrich F, et al: Clinical practice patterns of managing low-risk adult febrile neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy in the USA. Support Care Cancer 16:181-191, 2008 13. Hidalgo M, Hornedo J, Lumbreras C, et al: Outpatient therapy with oral ofloxacin for patients with low risk neutropenia and fever: A prospective, randomized clinical trial. Cancer 85:213-219, 1999 14. Malik IA, Khan WA, Karim M, et al: Feasibility of outpatient management of fever in cancer patients with low-risk neutropenia: Results of a prospective randomized trial. Am J Med 98:224-231, 1995 15. Minotti V, Gentile G, Bucaneve G, et al: Domiciliary treatment of febrile episodes in cancer patients: A prospective randomized trial comparing oral versus parenteral empirical antibiotic treatment. Support Care Cancer 7:134-139, 1999 16. Rapoport BL, Sussmann O, Herrera MV, et al: Ceftriaxone plus once daily aminoglycoside with filgrastim for treatment of febrile neutropenia: Early hospital discharge vs. standard in-patient care. Chemotherapy 45:466-476, 1999 17. de Souza Viana L, Serufo JC, da Costa Rocha MO, et al: Performance of a modified MASCC index score for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 16:841-846, 2008 18. Sebban C, Dussart S, Fuhrmann C, et al: Oral moxifloxacin or intravenous ceftriaxone for the treatment of low-risk neutropenic fever in cancer patients suitable for early hospital discharge. Support Care Cancer 16:10171023, 2008 19. Klastersky J, Paesmans M, Rubenstein EB, et al: The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer risk index: A multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 18:3038-3051, 2000
Closing the Chapter on Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: Vinton D. Tompkins
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —With regard to the report on Maharishi Ayur-Veda in your October 2, 1991, issue,<sup>1</sup>it seems to me that the indignation expressed was disingenuous. The original article on Maharishi Ayur-Veda published in the May 22/29, 1991, issue<sup>2</sup>clearly referred to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and the TM program. One of its authors was described as president of the organization that trains physicians in Maharishi Ayur-Veda. And, in the October 11, 1990, letter submitted to<i>JAMA's</i>editors with the original article, the authors disclosed that they were consultants to a Maharishi Ayur-Veda organization.<sup>3</sup>In light of this,<i>JAMA's</i>editors must have known before May about such a connection. Therefore,<i>JAMA's</i>October attack, predicated as it was on alleged deception, seems to me to have been unjustified. I think your readers should know that our organization has always been straightforward in presenting Maharishi Ayur-Veda to the public.
Increased expression of gelatinases A and B by skin explants from patients with anetoderma
Authors: P.Y. VENENCIE, A. BONNEFOY, B. GOGLY, N. GROULT, C. KUT, B. PELLAT, W. HORNEBECK, G. GODEAU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Increased expression of gelatinases A and B by skin explants from patients with anetoderma Get access P.Y. VENENCIE, P.Y. VENENCIE Unité de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier de Bicetre, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicétre, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. BONNEFOY, A. BONNEFOY Laboratoire de Physiopathologic des tissus non minéralisés, Université René Descartes‐Paris V, UFR d'Odontologie, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. GOGLY, B. GOGLY Laboratoire de Physiopathologic des tissus non minéralisés, Université René Descartes‐Paris V, UFR d'Odontologie, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. GROULT, N. GROULT Unité de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier de Bicetre, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicétre, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. KUT, C. KUT Laboratoire de Physiopathologic des tissus non minéralisés, Université René Descartes‐Paris V, UFR d'Odontologie, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. PELLAT, B. PELLAT Laboratoire de Physiopathologic des tissus non minéralisés, Université René Descartes‐Paris V, UFR d'Odontologie, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. HORNEBECK, W. HORNEBECK Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire CNRS, UPRESA 6021, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. GODEAU G. GODEAU Laboratoire de Physiopathologic des tissus non minéralisés, Université René Descartes‐Paris V, UFR d'Odontologie, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France Gaston Godeau. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 4, 1 October 1997, Pages 517–525, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03780.x Published: 01 October 1997 Article history Accepted: 09 May 1997 Published: 01 October 1997
Race and prognosis after myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial.
Authors: H A Taylor, B R Chaitman, W J Rogers, M J Kern, M L Terrin, F V Aguirre, G Sopko, R McMahon, R N Ross, E C Bovill
Journal: Circulation (1993)

To better understand the role of race/ethnicity in survival after acute myocardial infarction, we compared clinical and laboratory data, response to thrombolytic therapy, and clinical outcome in 2885 patients participating in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II (TIMI II) Trial among three groups of patients (2564 whites, 174 blacks, and 147 Hispanics).Differences were found in baseline characteristics among the three groups including (1) age (mean age for whites, 57.2 years; blacks, 54.8 years; Hispanics, 52.8 years; P < .001), (2) sex (percentage of women for whites, 17.6; blacks, 28.7; Hispanics, 14.3; P < .001), and (3) risk factor prevalence: current smoking (percent for whites, 49.4; blacks, 62.1; Hispanics, 55.1; P < .003), history of hypertension (percent for whites, 36.6; blacks, 55.7; Hispanics, 39.5; P < .001), and diabetes mellitus (percent for whites, 11.9; blacks, 22.4; Hispanics, 19.7; P < .001). Changes in hemostatic factors 5 hours after infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) revealed a more profound fall in fibrinogen levels in black patients compared with the response seen in Hispanic or white patients (mean change in fibrinogen +/- SD, mg/dL: 151.3 +/- 107.4, 112.2 +/- 97.0, 109.4 +/- 98.6; P < .001, respectively) without more frequent infarct-related artery patency or hemorrhagic complications. Mortality was similar in the white, black, and Hispanic patients through the first year after adjustment for baseline variables.TIMI II data yield evidence that (1) corroborates published reports of a high prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors among minority patients with acute myocardial infarction, (2) there is a greater decrease in fibrinogen levels 5 hours after the start of rt-PA infusion among black patients than in white and Hispanic patients without evidence of more frequent infarct-related artery patency or hemorrhagic complications, and (3) thrombolytic therapy with appropriate supplemental measures is associated with comparable 1-year mortality in white, black, and Hispanic patients.
The β<sub>3</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor — A Cause and Cure of Obesity?
Authors: Peter Arner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Obesity affects up to one third of the population in many industrialized countries and increases the risk of several metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The common belief that obesity results simply from overeating or from a sedentary lifestyle has influenced thinking for a long time. However, it is increasingly apparent that the body has a highly complex and sophisticated system of regulating fat stores and energy balance.1 The adrenergic system plays a major part in controlling energy expenditure. Catecholamines mobilize energy-rich lipids by stimulating lipolysis in fat cells and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Originally, these effects were . . .
Allergic sensitization to indoor and outdoor allergens and relevance to bronchial hyperresponsiveness in younger and older subjects
Authors: M. Kerkhof, D. S. Postma, J. P. Schouten, J. G. R. De Monchy
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Most previous epidemiological studies on the relationship between allergy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) have made no distinction between sensitization to indoor and outdoor allergens. We studied the relationship between specific sensitization to allergen and BHR and further assessed whether this was different in young adults and older subjects. Methods: Specific IgE to indoor allergens (house dust mite and cat) and outdoor allergens (timothy grass and birch) were measured using the CAP System. BHR was defined as PD 20 ≤ 2 mg methacholine. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to study independent relationships between BHR and specific IgE to indoor and outdoor allergens in 1018 young adults (20–44 years) and 909 older subjects (45–70 years). Results: In the older age group specific IgE to indoor allergens was associated with BHR at a lower level (class 2) than in young adults (class ≥ 3). Young adults with multiple sensitization had the highest risk of BHR. Subjects who were exclusively sensitized to pollen did not show increased BHR in both age groups. Total IgE had, independently of sensitization, only a significant dose–response relationship with BHR in the oldest age group. Conclusions: The association between sensitization and BHR is dependent on the nature of the allergen and the level of specific IgE. Furthermore, this study shows for the first time that total IgE is associated with BHR at older ages, independently of sensitization.
Venereal disease in women. II.
Authors: C S Nicol
Journal: BMJ (1971)

GonorrhoeaGonorrhoea is caused by a Gram-negative diplococcus, the Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and has an incubation period of two to ten days.The organism is capable of penetrating undamaged columnar epithelium, and commonly affects the lower genitourinary tract.It may, however, also invade the upper genital tract in women and, very occasionally, the upper urinary tract.Infection of the anorectum, occurring in up to 50 ,) of patients, is usually secondary to genital tract infection but may sometimes occur directly as a result of anal inter- course.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition Depletes LATS1 and LATS2, Two Regulators of the Mammalian Hippo Tumor Suppressor Pathway
Authors: Catherine J. Huntoon, Monica D. Nye, Liyi Geng, Kevin L. Peterson, Karen S. Flatten, Paul Haluska, Scott H. Kaufmann, Larry M. Karnitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which regulates the functions of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, has emerged as a novel anticancer therapeutic target, and multiple small-molecule HSP90 inhibitors are now in clinical trials. Although the effects of HSP90 inhibitors on oncogenic signaling pathways have been extensively studied, the effects of these agents on tumor suppressor signaling pathways are currently unknown. Here, we have examined how HSP90 inhibitors affect LATS1 and the related protein LATS2, two kinases that relay antiproliferative signals in the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Both LATS1 and LATS2 were depleted from cells treated with the HSP90 inhibitors 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), radicicol, and PU-H71. Moreover, these kinases interacted with HSP90, and LATS1 isolated from 17-AAG-treated cells had reduced catalytic activity, thus showing that the kinase is a bona fide HSP90 client. Importantly, LATS1 signaling was disrupted by 17-AAG in tumor cell lines in vitro and clinical ovarian cancers in vivo as shown by reduced levels of LATS1 and decreased phosphorylation of the LATS substrate YAP, an oncoprotein transcriptional coactivator that regulates genes involved in cell and tissue growth, including the CTGF gene. Consistent with the reduced YAP phosphorylation, there were increased levels of CTGF, a secreted protein that is implicated in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Taken together, these results identify LATS1 and LATS2 as novel HSP90 clients and show that HSP90 inhibitors can disrupt the LATS tumor suppressor pathway in human cancer cells.
Abstract 968: Effects of different types of high fat diets rich in omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids on uvb-induced complete skin carcinogenesis in skh-1 mice
Authors: You-Rong Lou, Qing-Yun Peng, Tao Li, Christopher M. Medvecky, George C. Wagner, Yao-ping Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our previous studies reported that oral administration of caffeine or voluntary exercise may have decreased skin tumor multiplicity, in part, by decreasing fat levels in the dermis and the size of parametrial fat pads. Our studies also showed that surgical removal of the parametrial fat pads (partial lipectomy) enhanced UVB-induced apoptosis in the epidermis. These data suggest that tissue fat may play an important role in regulating UVB-induced apoptosis and skin carcinogenesis. Accordingly, in the present study, we explored the effects of two different types of high fat diets (as described by Rao et al., Cancer Research 61:1927-33, 2001) on UVB-induced complete skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice. Eighty female SKH-1 mice (7-8 weeks old) were equally divided into two groups (40 mice per group). They were irradiated with 30 mJ/cm2 of ultraviolet light B (UVB) once each day, two times per week for 39 weeks. From the beginning of UVB treatment, one group of the mice was given high fat diet containing 32% of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (HFFO) and the other group of the mice was given high fat diet containing 28% of polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids (HFML). Our results showed that although both groups of animals gained weight dramatically, there were no statistical differences on body weight, weight of parametrial fat pad, or thickness of the dermal fat layer. Gross examination showed that HFFO treatment delayed the appearance of UVB-induced skin lesions, decreased the number of mice with tumors and decreased the number and size of tumors per mouse. Histopathological characterization of the skin lesions revealed that HFFO administration decreased the number of squamous cell papillomas per mouse by 64%, decreased the number of keratoacanthomas per mouse by 52% and decreased the number of squamous cell carcinomas per mouse by 46%. In addition to reducing the number of skin tumors, HFFO diet substantially decreased the size of the tumors. That is, the HFFO diet decreased the total volume of squamous cell papillomas per mouse by 98%, decreased the total volume of keratoacanthomas per mouse by 80% and deceased the total volume of squamous cell carcinomas per mouse by 83%. Finally, animals fed the HFFO diet had 22% lower blood levels of tryglycerides (79.3±5.1 mg/dL) than the mice fed the HFML diet (102.0±6.3 mg/dL) (p&amp;lt;0.01), but there was no difference in levels of blood glucose. The effects described here indicate that omega-3 fatty acids in HFFO diet may have beneficial effects against UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. (Supported by NIH Grant RO1 CA128997) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 968.
"Non-lethal" weapons: precipitating a new arms race
Authors: R. M Coupland
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Armies are purported to have already deployed dazzling devices, calmatives, entangling agents, adhesives (“stickums”), material that makes any surface too slippery to walk on (“slickums”), devices generating infrasound or electromagnetic waves, and devices for riot control.1 2 Other possible devices are sprays to weaken vehicle or plane parts, electromagnetic beams to confuse computers, and bacteria to degrade fuel. The term applied to this new generation of military technology is “non-lethal” weapons; it implies that military operations can avoid death and serious injury. Should not the medical profession rejoice?

Let us first examine the terminology. A “weapon” is something that is designed to cause bodily harm; technologies designed specifically to damage inanimate objects should not be considered in the same context.1 “Non-lethal” implies zero fatalities, but such an objective is acknowledged to be unrealistic, giving rise to alternative phrases such as “less than lethal” or “sub-lethal.”1 These terms carry the further implication that conventional antipersonnel …