tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S26 Individualising the Mortality Risk For Lung Volume Reduction Surgery: Abstract S26 Table 1
Authors: IF Oey, N Greening, MD Morgan, MC Steiner, S Rathinam, DA Waller
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite the positive results of the NETT trial in favour of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) uptake of the technique has been limited largely due to an exaggerated fear of the associated mortality risk. We have analysed our 18 year experience of LVRS to provide a more sophisticated personalised risk profile based on individual patient data. <h3>Methods</h3> Since 1994 we have performed 250 lung volume reduction procedures on 220 patients: 153M:97F, age 61 (39–74) years. The initially approach was through median sternotomy (20 patients), with the subsequent 230 procedures performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), 3 of which required conversion to open thoracotomy. All patients underwent standard physiological and anatomical selection techniques with 51 (20%) falling outside recognised safety limits (FEV1 or DLCO &lt;20% predicted). All patients were offered surgery after discussion in our LVRS MDT panel and counselled on risk on their basis of their physiological status. We analysed data collected prospectively using logistic regression to identify the factors predicting early postoperative mortality. <h3>Results</h3> Open surgery significantly increased the risk of 30 day mortality 22% vs VATS 3.6% (p=0.005). Bilateral vs unilateral VATS had no influence. At 30 days mortality was associated with low BMI, DLCO and KCO At 90 days, mortality was also associated with FEV1 and RV:TLC DLCO was the only significant independent predictor of 30 day (OR 0.88, CI 0.80–0.97) and 90 day (OR 0.92, CI 0.88–0.98) mortality after VATS (table 1). The causes of death after 30 days in the VATS group were mainly due to pneumonia (5 cases) with cardiac complications (2); tension pneumothorax (1) and fatal pulmonary haemorrhage (1) in the remainder. <h3>Conclusion</h3> LVRS is primarily a procedure to improve health status so accurately informed consent is imperative. Careful consideration of preoperative physiological characteristics and operative technique allows estimation of an individualised mortality risk for LVRS which may be lower than the commonly perceived overall figure.
Human herpesvirus 6 involvement in paediatric drug hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: J. Ahluwalia, K. Abuabara, M.J. Perman, A.C. Yan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Human herpesvirus (HHV)6 positivity in the context of drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) may influence disease severity. Systemic corticosteroid treatment of those with DHS testing positive for HHV6 has been speculated to prolong the duration of disease.To evaluate whether paediatric HHV6-positive patients with DHS develop a more severe illness than those without presumed reactivation, and to evaluate the response to systemic corticosteroid treatment.A retrospective case series of 29 paediatric inpatients treated for DHS and tested for HHV6 was undertaken. HHV6-positive and -negative patients were identified and stratified into groups treated or not treated with systemic corticosteroids to examine their disease severity on the basis of hospital length of stay (LOS), total number of febrile days (Tfeb) and days until cessation of progression (CTP).Human herpesvirus6-positive patients had similar demographic characteristics to those of HHV6-negative patients, but had significantly longer hospital LOS (11·5 days vs. 5 days, P = 0·039), Tfeb (12·5 days vs. 3 days, P = 0·032) and CTP (4 days vs. 2 days, P = 0·014). All HHV6-positive patients and most (80%) of the HHV6-negative patients received systemic corticosteroids. Among the HHV6-negative patients, those who received corticosteroids showed significantly shorter CTP than those who did not (3 days vs. 2 days, P = 0·043). Additionally, there was a trend towards shorter hospital LOS and Tfeb among HHV6-negative patients who received corticosteroids vs. those who did not, although these differences were not statistically significant. The most common inciting drugs included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (34%), phenytoin (10%) and amoxicillin (10%).Human herpesvirus6 positivity with DHS is associated with a more severe disease course. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids was associated with a trend towards reduced hospital LOS and Tfeb, and a significantly reduced number of days until cessation of progression.
Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management
Authors: A.M.W.J. Schols
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

In this paper the perspective for nutritional modulation of systemic impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is discussed. Progressive weight loss is characterised by disease-specific elevated energy requirements unbalanced by dietary intake. Weight gain per se can be achieved by caloric supplementation while future studies may prove efficacy of amino acid modulation to stimulate protein synthesis and enhance muscle anabolism. Disproportionate muscle wasting resembles the cachexia syndrome as described in other chronic wasting diseases (cancer, chronic heart failure, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)). There is yet no adequate nutritional strategy available to treat cachexia in COPD. Muscle substrate metabolism has hardly been investigated, but the few data available point towards a decreased fat oxidative capacity that may show similarities with the “metabolic syndrome” as described in type II diabetes and obesity and could theoretically benefit from polyunsaturated fatty acid modulation. To adequately target the different therapeutic options, clearly more clinical (intervention) studies are needed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that are adequately characterised by local and systemic impairment and in which molecular and metabolic markers are linked to functional outcome.
Mechanisms of Aortic and Cardiac Dysfunction in Uremic Mice With Aortic Calcification
Authors: Julien Maizel, Isabelle Six, Michel Slama, Christophe Tribouilloy, Henry Sevestre, Sabrina Poirot, Philippe Giummelly, Jeffrey Atkinson, Gabriel Choukroun, Michel Andrejak, Said Kamel, Jean Claude Mazière, Ziad A. Massy
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with cardiac dysfunction and increased aortic stiffness. The mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. We examined changes over time in cardiac and aortic function in a murine CRF model. Methods and Results— Eight-week-old mice were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: wild-type non-CRF, wild-type CRF, apolipoprotein E knockout non-CRF, and apolipoprotein E knockout CRF. Echocardiography was performed and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6 and 10 weeks of CRF. Vascular reactivity and adhesion molecule expression were studied after 6 and 10 weeks of CRF. Left ventricular hypertrophy, altered left ventricular relaxation, and increased aortic stiffness were observed after 6 weeks of CRF and persisted after 10 weeks. The 4 groups of mice did not significantly differ in terms of arterial blood pressure and aortic structure. The degree of vascular calcification and serum total cholesterol concentration were higher in the CRF groups than in the non-CRF groups. These changes, however, could not explain the cardiac and vascular differences seen in the 2 CRF groups. In contrast, alterations in vascular reactivity, the upregulation of adhesion molecule expression, and CRF status were significantly associated with these changes. Conclusions— In a mouse model of CRF, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac diastolic dysfunction, and increased aortic stiffness were not related to structural changes in the aorta (including aortic calcification) or high serum cholesterol levels. However, cardiac and aortic abnormalities were associated with the extent of subendothelial dysfunction and the severity of CRF.
A PSYCHIATRIC STUDY OF ABSENCE WITHOUT LEAVE
Authors: MANFRED S. GUTTMACHER, FRANK A. STEWART
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

A study of AWOL cases routinely referred to the psychiatric clinic attached to the headquarters staff of Fort Eustis leads to the following conclusions: 1 . There was no difference in the rate of AWOLism between colored and white troops. 2. The intelligence level of the AWOL group as determined by the Army General Classification Test is very much lower than that of Fort Eustis as a whole. 3. There is a somewhat greater tendency for married men to go AWOL. 4. Most men who go AWOL are psychiatrically abnormal—only one-third were found to have no psychiatric condition. 5. One-third of the men who went AWOL were diagnosed as psychopaths. 6. In the AWOL group there is a high incidence of broken homes. 7. Alcoholism, criminalism and mental disorder mark the family background of these men. 8. A high percentage give a history of serious head injury, bed wetting and venereal infections. 9. A high percentage of men who go AWOL in the Army give a history of AWOLism while at school (marked truancy) and AWOLism at work (frequent quitting of jobs). 10. The great majority failed to complete grammar school and most of them had difficulty in passing. 11 . Over half of the men who go AWOL in the Army have been previously convicted by civilian courts. 12. Over 40 percent of these men discipline themselves poorly as evidenced by an excessive use of alcohol and tobacco. 13. One-third are heavy gamblers. 14. A third practice adult autoerotism and all but a small percentage were excessively autoerotic in childhood. 15. Nearly one-half began heterosexual relations before the age of 16 and the same number failed to use prophylactic devices at any time. 16. More than one-third showed marked finger tremors, markedly enlarged pupils and evidence of chronic fingernail biting. 17. The men who go AWOL are far less dependent upon friends both in their home and military communities than are well adjusted soldiers. 18. Over two-thirds had never engaged in any organized group activity in civilian life and half participated in no type of spare time athletic events in camp. 19. Eighty percent of the men left camp at every legitimate oportunity afforded them. 20. On the average, the AWOLer's home was further from camp than that of the men who did not go AWOL. 21. Men who went AWOL scored much lower in tests of general information on the war and in tests of military knowledge than a group of soldiers of similar intelligence level who had not gone AWOL. 22. Men who go AWOL, almost without exception, are greatly dissatisfied with all phases of army life. 23. They have little liking for their fellow soldiers and feel themselves poorly regarded by them. 24. Three-fourths of the men who go AWOL (and a fairly large percentage of soldiers in general) do not know why the Army should consider going AWOL a serious breach of discipline. 25. Truck drivers have a special tendency to go AWOL. 26. There is no special period in a 17-week training cycle in which men elect to go AWOL.
Mitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: Species and nonspecies specific determinants of M2 antigen
Authors: Jutta Lindenborn-Fotinos, Harold Baum, Peter A. Berg
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis reacted with four major bands in beef heart mitochondria and ATPase extract when analyzed by immunoblot after sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These four immunologically reactive bands corresponded to protein bands with molecular weights of about (a) 80,000; (b) 63,000; (c) 56,000; and (d) 43,000 to 46,000. An additional immunoreactive band was found with some high–titered primary biliary cirrhosis sera at 36,000. No association with any ATPase subunits was found, except for band c which migrated between the α– and β–subunit of ATPase. Most ATPase fractions did not contain this band c, indicating that M2 determinants, as defined by immunoblot, are not identical with any ATPase subunit. Species and nonspecies–specific determinants of M2 were identified using mitochondria from rat liver and human heart and liver. Antigenic bands a, c and d were nonspecies–specific. Band b and e occurred only in beef heart. An additional determinant at about 38,000 was detected using human heart and liver mitochondria. Primary biliary cirrhosis sera showed a typical reaction with two protein bands of Escherichia coli , one at about 85,000 to 90,000 and the other at 60,000. Antibodies against both determinants could be absorbed with submitochondrial particles of beef heart showing that E. coli shares cross–reacting determinants with mitochondria. Sera from 56 primary biliary cirrhosis patients were tested using beef heart mitochondria. Fifty–four sera reacted positively with the M2 antigen in the ELISA, and these sera reacted with at least 1 of the 4 major antigenic bands: 85% were positive with band a and/or band b; 15% detected exclusively band c and none of the latter fixed complement. Antimitochondrial antibodypositive sera possessing other specificities (anti-M1, -M3, -M5, -M6 and -M7) were negative. A correlation with the precipitating antimitochondrial antibody system was not found.
Identification of an Active Site on the Laminin α5 Chain Globular Domain That Binds to CD44 and Inhibits Malignancy
Authors: Suguru Hibino, Masahiko Shibuya, Jean A. Engbring, Mayumi Mochizuki, Motoyoshi Nomizu, Hynda K. Kleinman
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The laminin alpha5 chain is a component of laminin-10 (alpha5beta1gamma1) and -11 (alpha5beta2gamma1). In this study, we have screened 113 overlapping synthetic peptides from the laminin alpha5 globular domain (G-domain) for cell attachment activity with B16-F10 cells using peptide-coated dishes. Eleven attachment-active peptides were identified. In vivo experimental B16-F10 pulmonary metastasis and primary tumor growth assays found that 4 of the 11 peptides inhibited tumor metastasis and growth and increased apoptosis. These four peptides also blocked tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Two of the peptides were highly homologous and showed significant similarity to sequences in collagens. We sought to identify the B16-F10 cell surface receptors for each of the four active peptides using peptide affinity chromatography. Only one peptide recognized a cell surface protein. Peptide A5G27 (RLVSYNGIIFFLK, residues 2892-2904) bound a diffuse M(r) approximately 120,000-180,000 band that eluted with 2 m NaCl. Glycosidase digestion of the 2 m eluate yielded protein bands of M(r) 90,000 and 60,000 that reacted in Western blot analysis with antibodies to CD44. Immunoprecipitation of the A5G27-bound membrane proteins with various cell surface proteoglycan antibodies confirmed CD44 as the surface receptor for A5G27. Finally, attachment assays to A5G27 in the presence of soluble glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) identified the GAGs of CD44 as the binding sites for A5G27. Our results suggest that A5G27 binds to the CD44 receptor of B16-F10 melanoma cells via the GAGs on CD44 and, thus, inhibits tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in a dominant-negative manner.
Mechanisms of Renal Control of Potassium Homeostasis in Complete Aldosterone Deficiency
Authors: Abhijeet Todkar, Nicolas Picard, Dominique Loffing-Cueni, Mads V. Sorensen, Marija Mihailova, Viatcheslav Nesterov, Natalia Makhanova, Christoph Korbmacher, Carsten A. Wagner, Johannes Loffing
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Aldosterone-independent mechanisms may contribute to K(+) homeostasis. We studied aldosterone synthase knockout (AS(-/-)) mice to define renal control mechanisms of K(+) homeostasis in complete aldosterone deficiency. AS(-/-) mice were normokalemic and tolerated a physiologic dietary K(+) load (2% K(+), 2 days) without signs of illness, except some degree of polyuria. With supraphysiologic K(+) intake (5% K(+)), AS(-/-) mice decompensated and became hyperkalemic. High-K(+) diets induced upregulation of the renal outer medullary K(+) channel in AS(-/-) mice, whereas upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) sufficient to increase the electrochemical driving force for K(+) excretion was detected only with a 2% K(+) diet. Phosphorylation of the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter was consistently lower in AS(-/-) mice than in AS(+/+) mice and was downregulated in mice of both genotypes in response to increased K(+) intake. Inhibition of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor reduced renal creatinine clearance and apical ENaC localization, and caused severe hyperkalemia in AS(-/-) mice. In contrast with the kidney, the distal colon of AS(-/-) mice did not respond to dietary K(+) loading, as indicated by Ussing-type chamber experiments. Thus, renal adaptation to a physiologic, but not supraphysiologic, K(+) load can be achieved in aldosterone deficiency by aldosterone-independent activation of the renal outer medullary K(+) channel and ENaC, to which angiotensin II may contribute. Enhanced urinary flow and reduced activity of the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter may support renal adaptation by activation of flow-dependent K(+) secretion and increased intratubular availability of Na(+) that can be reabsorbed in exchange for K(+) secreted.
Oocyte aging: cellular and molecular changes, developmental potential and reversal possibility
Authors: Y.-L. Miao, K. Kikuchi, Q.-Y. Sun, H. Schatten
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2009)

In humans, normal healthy children are regularly produced through fertilization of fresh oocytes with fresh spermatozoa. However, asynchrony between oocytes and spermatozoa, especially when aged oocytes are fertilized by fresh or senescent spermatozoa, will not only affect the rate of fertilization and pre- and post-implantation embryo development but also the life of the offspring. As many failures in assisted reproduction technologies (ART) are related to oocyte aging, new methods are needed to control oocyte aging to benefit modern ART. We review changes associated with decreased fertilization rates and developmental potential of aged oocytes, and we present methods and approaches that prevent or delay oocyte aging. Cellular and molecular abnormalities occur during oocyte aging, but prevention, delay or reversal is possible to various extents. Modifying existing culture conditions, or treatment of oocytes with agents such as caffeine, DL-dithiothreitol, nitric oxide or trichostatin A may correct molecular pathways that are affected by aging, and thus benefit and improve success rates in modern ART. Aging of oocytes is characterized by a sequence of molecular processes that deteriorate during aging and negatively impact fertilization and development. However, oocyte aging can be delayed or reversed by various treatments to increase success rates and produce increased numbers of healthy embryos, preventing failures or abnormalities that are frequently associated with ART using aged oocytes.
Fundamental signals that regulate eosinophil homing to the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Anil Mishra, Simon P. Hogan, James J. Lee, Paul S. Foster, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The histological identification of increased eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract occurs in numerous clinical disorders; however, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms regulating eosinophil trafficking into this mucosal surface. The results presented in this study characterize the processes regulating eosinophil homing into the gastrointestinal tract at baseline. Eosinophils were found to be present in the lamina propria of 19-day-old embryos and germ-free adult mice at concentrations comparable to those present in non–germ-free adult mice. Furthermore, eosinophil gastrointestinal levels were not altered by increasing circulating eosinophils after pulmonary allergen challenge. Gastrointestinal eosinophil levels were partially reduced in mice deficient in recombinase activating gene-1 (RAG-1), IL-5, or the β common chain (βc), but these reductions paralleled reductions in circulating eosinophils. In contrast, mice deficient in eotaxin had a marked reduction in gastrointestinal eosinophils but normal levels of eosinophils in the hematopoietic compartments. Furthermore, eotaxin was important for regulating eosinophil levels, even in the presence of high levels of IL-5. These investigations demonstrate eosinophil homing into the gastrointestinal tract during embryonic development occurring independently of viable intestinal flora. Furthermore, eotaxin is identified as the primary regulator of eosinophil gastrointestinal homing under homeostatic states, and may therefore have a fundamental role in innate immune responses.
Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Prevention
Authors: Roger Chou, Tracy Dana, Christina Bougatsos, Ian Blazina, Amy J. Starmer, Katie Reitel, David I. Buckley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Pressure ulcers are associated with substantial health burdens but may be preventable.To review the clinical utility of pressure ulcer risk assessment instruments and the comparative effectiveness of preventive interventions in persons at higher risk.MEDLINE (1946 through November 2012), CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, grant databases, clinical trial registries, and reference lists.Randomized trials and observational studies on effects of using risk assessment on clinical outcomes and randomized trials of preventive interventions on clinical outcomes.Multiple investigators abstracted and checked study details and quality using predefined criteria.One good-quality trial found no evidence that use of a pressure ulcer risk assessment instrument, with or without a protocolized intervention strategy based on assessed risk, reduces risk for incident pressure ulcers compared with less standardized risk assessment based on nurses' clinical judgment. In higher-risk populations, 1 good-quality and 4 fair-quality randomized trials found that more advanced static support surfaces were associated with lower risk for pressure ulcers compared with standard mattresses (relative risk range, 0.20 to 0.60). Evidence on the effectiveness of low-air-loss and alternating-air mattresses was limited, with some trials showing no clear differences from advanced static support surfaces. Evidence on the effectiveness of nutritional supplementation, repositioning, and skin care interventions versus usual care was limited and had methodological shortcomings, precluding strong conclusions.Only English-language articles were included, publication bias could not be formally assessed, and most studies had methodological shortcomings.More advanced static support surfaces are more effective than standard mattresses for preventing ulcers in higher-risk populations. The effectiveness of formal risk assessment instruments and associated intervention protocols compared with less standardized assessment methods and the effectiveness of other preventive interventions compared with usual care have not been clearly established.
Respiratory muscle function in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: A Mier, A Redington, C Brophy, M Hodson, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Maximal static expiratory and inspiratory mouth pressures (PEmax and PImax) and quadriceps femoris muscle strength were measured in 25 patients aged 16-28 years with cystic fibrosis (mean FEV1 46% predicted). Mean (SD) PEmax was 64% (18%) predicted (below 75% predicted in 16 of the 25 patients), and PImax was 64% (24%) predicted (below 75% predicted in 14 patients). Quadriceps muscle strength was 68% (20%) predicted (below 75% predicted in 17 patients). The relatively small reduction in respiratory muscle strength in these patients was unlikely to have contributed appreciably to their respiratory problems.