tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nortriptyline and Interpersonal Psychotherapy as Maintenance Therapies for Recurrent Major Depression
Authors: Charles F. Reynolds III, Ellen Frank, James M. Perel, Stanley D. Imber, Cleon Cornes, Mark D. Miller, Sati Mazumdar, Patricia R. Houck, Mary Amanda Dew, Jacqueline A. Stack, Bruce G. Pollock, David J. Kupfer
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextElderly patients with major depression are at high risk for recurrence, increased mortality, and chronic disability.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of maintenance nortriptyline hydrochloride and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) in preventing recurrence of major depressive episodes in patients older than 59 years.DesignA 2×2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, stratified by therapist.SettingUniversity-based psychiatric research clinic.PatientsOf a total of 187 patients with recurrent nonpsychotic unipolar major depression (average age, 67 years; one third aged ≥70 years) recruited through clinical referral and media announcements, 107 were fully recovered after open acute and treatment continuation with nortriptyline and IPT. These patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 maintenance therapy conditions.InterventionsMonthly medication clinic with nortriptyline hydrochloride (80-120 ng/mL steady-state levels) (n=24); medication clinic with placebo (n=29); monthly maintenance IPT with placebo (n=21); and monthly maintenance IPT with nortriptyline (n=22).Main Outcome MeasureRecurrence of major depressive episode.ResultsThe time to recurrence of a major depressive episode for all 3 active treatments was significantly better than for placebo. Recurrence rates over 3 years were as follows: nortriptyline and IPT, 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4%-36%); nortriptyline and medication clinic visits, 43% (95% CI, 25%-61%); IPT and placebo, 64% (95% CI, 45%-83%); and placebo and medication clinic visits, 90% (95% CI, 79%-100%). Combined treatment with nortriptyline and IPT was superior to IPT and placebo and showed a trend to superior efficacy over nortriptyline monotherapy (Wald χ2=3.56; P=.06). Subjects aged 70 years and older had a higher and more rapid rate of recurrence than those aged 60 to 69 years.ConclusionIn geriatric patients with recurrent major depression, maintenance treatment with nortriptyline or IPT is superior to placebo in preventing or delaying recurrence. Combined treatment using both appears to be the optimal clinical strategy in preserving recovery.
HEMORRHAGE FROM THE LARYNX, FOLLOWING AN ATTACK OF MEASLES, IN AN ADULT.
Authors: FRANK WOODBURY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

On January 24, Martin S., 27 years of age, born in Ireland, a laborer by occupation, presented himself at the laryngologic dispensary of the Polyclinic Hospital with an acute inflammation of the fauces and pharynx and with almost extinguished voice, requiring considerable effort in speaking. He gave the following history: About nine weeks previous, or about the first of December, four sailors were admitted to the Naval Hospital suffering with measles. Three cases developed subsequently among the employes of the institution, where he was engaged as a fireman, and all the cases recovered. The patient was taken sick January 3, or about two weeks after the first patients were convalescent, and had been allowed to go around the grounds. He said that he had fever, eruption, conjunctivitis, cough, and subsequently there was much desquamation, especially from his face and hands. The cough continued and was attended by hoarseness and free
Antibiotics in fetal and early life and subsequent childhood asthma: nationwide population based study with sibling analysis
Authors: A. K. Ortqvist, C. Lundholm, H. Kieler, J. F. Ludvigsson, T. Fall, W. Ye, C. Almqvist
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is currently diagnosed by the Berlin definition, which does not include a direct measure of pulmonary oedema, endothelial permeability or pulmonary inflammation. We hypothesised that biomarkers of these processes have good diagnostic accuracy for ARDS. <h3>Methods</h3> Medline and Scopus were searched for original diagnostic studies using minimally invasive testing. Primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy per test and was categorised by control group. The methodological quality was assessed with QUADAS-2 tool. Biomarkers that had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC) of &gt;0.75 and were studied with minimal bias against an unselected control group were considered to be promising. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-four articles were included. The median AUROCC for all evaluated tests was 0.80 (25th to 75th percentile: 0.72–0.88). The type of control group influenced the diagnostic accuracy (p=0.0095). Higher risk of bias was associated with higher diagnostic accuracy (AUROCC 0.75 for low-bias, 0.77 for intermediate-bias and 0.84 for high-bias studies; p=0.0023). Club cell protein 16 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products in plasma and two panels with biomarkers of oxidative stress in breath showed good diagnostic accuracy in low-bias studies that compared ARDS patients to an unselected intensive care unit (ICU) population. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This systematic review revealed only four diagnostic tests fulfilling stringent criteria for a promising biomarker in a low-bias setting. For implementation into the clinical setting, prospective studies in a general unselected ICU population with good methodological quality are needed.
Expert Agreement in Evaluating the Optic Disc for Glaucoma
Authors: Rohit Varma, William C. Steinmann, Ingrid U. Scott
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

The authors studied intraobserver and interobserver agreement, under monoscopic and stereoscopic conditions, in estimating vertical cup-to-disc ratios and in assessing whether a disc had glaucomatous damage. Six glaucoma experts evaluated 75 optic disc photographs under both viewing conditions. The experts also re-evaluated 25 photographs. Intraobserver agreement in estimating vertical cup-to disc ratios was high (median weighted kappa, 0.79). Interobserver agreement in estimating vertical cup-to-disc ratios was moderate (stereoscopic median weighted kappa, 0.67); individual experts differed by as much as 0.2 disc diameters (DD) monoscopically and 0.16 DD stereoscopically. The observers estimated larger vertical cup-to-disc ratios when evaluating the same discs under stereoscopic conditions than under monoscopic conditions. Intraobserver agreement in assessing glaucomatous disc damage was substantial (median kappa, 0.76). Interobserver agreement in assessing glaucomatous damage was moderate (stereoscopic median kappa, 0.50). This study confirms the ability of experts to reliably evaluate the optic disc within themselves and emphasizes the need for developing standardized methods for interobserver evaluation of the optic disc in glaucoma.
Trimethoprim associated fixed drug eruption
Authors: BRONWYN R. HUGHES, P.J.A. HOLT, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

We report two cases of fixed drug eruption due to trimethoprim. Fixed drug eruption is a distinct entity characterized by the development of circular erythematous skin lesions which over a period of time become violaceous and leave an area of hyperpigmentation. Mucous membranes also may be affected.1 With re-administration of the drug the lesions recur in the same area but may extend to further new areas with each challenge.2
CQC says 26 health providers are not employing enough staff for safety
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Care Quality Commission has warned 17 NHS hospitals in England, eight mental health trusts, and the London Ambulance Service that they are failing to employ enough staff to operate safely.

The warnings were issued after CQC inspections, but the names of the organisations were not made public until Labour’s shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, asked the CQC for them.

In its State of Healthcare report, published last November, the CQC said that of 250 inspections it had made of hospital services 40 (16%) had showed a failure to meet a staffing level sufficient to provide a good service.1 But this report covered the period up to March 2012, while the lower numbers released by Burnham included only those that were recorded as being non-complaint with staffing levels on 9 January 2013.

#### Hospitals and mental health services with unsafe staffing levels

##### Hospitals 

Scarborough Hospital …
Minimal clinically meaningful differences for the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BN20 scales in brain cancer patients
Authors: J. Maringwa, C. Quinten, M. King, J. Ringash, D. Osoba, C. Coens, F. Martinelli, B.B. Reeve, C. Gotay, E. Greimel, H. Flechtner, C.S. Cleeland, J. Schmucker-Von Koch, J. Weis, M.J. Van Den Bent, R. Stupp, M.J. Taphoorn, A. Bottomley
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Risk factors for hemiretinal vein occlusion: comparison with risk factors for central and branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Robert D Sperduto, Rita Hiller, Emily Chew, Daniel Seigel, Norman Blair, Thomas C Burton, Marilyn D Farber, Evangelos S Gragoudas, Julia Haller, Johanna M Seddon, Lawrence A Yannuzzi
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

Objective Possible risk factors for hemiretinal vein occlusion were identified and compared with risk factor profiles for central and branch retinal vein occlusion. Design The design was a multicenter case-control study. Methods The authors identified 79 patients with hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO), 258 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), 270 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and 1142 control subjects at 5 clinical centers. Risk factor data were obtained through interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory analyses of blood specimens. Results Systemic hypertension and history of diabetes mellitus were associated with increased risk of HRVO. Risk of CRVO increased with history of diabetes, systemic hypertension, and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (females only); risk of CRVO decreased with increasing amounts of physical activity and increasing amounts of alcohol consumption. Systemic hypertension, higher body mass index, and higher α2-globulin levels were associated with increased risk of BRVO, whereas higher high-density lipoprotein levels and increasing levels of alcohol consumption were associated with decreased risk of BRVO. Glaucoma history was associated with all three types of retinal vein occlusion. Conclusion Patients presenting with retinal vein occlusion should be evaluated for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and glaucoma.
Abstract 5094: Investigating the role of CDC25B in inhibition of cellular proliferation
Authors: Caleb C. Lee, James Manfredi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract CDC25B is a dual specificity phosphatase that activates cyclin-dependent kinases to trigger entry into mitosis and is required for re-entry into mitosis after DNA damage. As an oncogene, CDC25B is overexpressed in multiple tumor types. It has been specifically associated with prostate cancer, where overexpression is seen in prostate tumor tissues and higher levels correlate with increased tumor grade. In the prostate, in addition to its role as a cell cycle regulator, CDC25B acts as an androgen receptor coactivator increasing the response of reporter genes to the addition of androgen analogues. In a transgenic mouse model, overexpression of CDC25B in the mammary glands led to accelerated mammary epithelial proliferation resulting in hyperplasia, while in vitro, co-transfection of CDC25B with Ras allows for transformation of MEF's. Surprisingly, given the establishment of CDC25B as an oncogene, colony formation assays using ectopic expression of CDC25B in transformed cell lines reveal an anti-proliferative effect. Our data reveal a role for Ras inhibition as a cause of this anti-proliferative effect. Co-transfection of CDC25B and Ras results in a dose-dependent decrease in expression of the ectopic Ras protein in several cell lines tested. Preliminary experiments suggest that while mRNA levels remain stable, CDC25B inhibits Ras protein expression. As Ras is pivotal in multiple tumors, this effect of CDC25B may be broadly applicable. These data therefore reveal a new role for CDC25B, which may need to be overcome to allow transformation of tumor cells. Citation Format: Caleb C. Lee, James Manfredi. Investigating the role of CDC25B in inhibition of cellular proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5094. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5094
Multiple HLA class I and II associations in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and EBV status defined subgroups
Authors: Xin Huang, Kushi Kushekhar, Ilja Nolte, Wierd Kooistra, Lydia Visser, Ilby Bouwman, Niels Kouprie, Rianne Veenstra, Gustaaf van Imhoff, Bianca Olver, Richard S. Houlston, Sibrand Poppema, Arjan Diepstra, Bouke Hepkema, Anke van den Berg
Journal: Blood (2011)
THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE TYPHOID FEVER WITH CHLOROMYCETIN®
Authors: WILMOT D. FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1949)

The antibiotic chloramphenical (chloromycetin®) was first tested clinically against typhoid in the Federation of Malaya last year. The efficacy of the drug against the organism Eberthella typhosa was established by this investigation.<sup>1</sup>Chloramphenicol is a crystalline substance obtained through the processes of concentration and purification of cultures in liquid mediums of a species of Streptomyces originally isolated by Burkholder and shown by him to possess antibacterial activity.<sup>2</sup>Ehrlich and his associates in the research laboratories of Parke, Davis &amp; Company carried out the studies of the antibiotic activity of this species of Streptomyces which led to the preparation of a compound which was given the name chloromycetin. The purpose of this report is to further substantiate the observations of Woodward and co-workers.<sup>1</sup>The aforementioned investigation was carried out in an endemic typhoid area; this case may be designated as sporadic. It is by nature comparable, however, to
Papers Fraudulently Obtained from the Department of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Michigan.
Authors: Victor C. Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Ann Arbor, Mich., Feb. 26, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The medical profession may possibly be interested in a brief statement of the following facts: Some years ago I received from a physician at a small town in northern Michigan a letter stating that Dr. Emma W. Mooers, who graduated in the Department of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Michigan in 1884, was practicing medicine in an irregular way in his place. I knew that Dr. Mooers was pathologist to the McLean Hospital at Waverly, Mass, and I wrote my medical friend that the person impersonating Dr. Mooers was a fraud. Papers were issued for her arrest, but before they were served she left the town. Soon after this, the fraudulent Dr. Mooers turned up in Chicago, and I made another attempt to secure her arrest, but again she evaded the officers of the law and for some years
Development of Pseudoanemia in Marathon Runners During a 20-Day Road Race
Authors: Rudolph H. Dressendorfer, Charles E. Wade, Ezra A. Amsterdam
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We measured RBC count, blood hemoglobin concentration, and related hematologic factors in 12 male marathon runners during a 20-day, 312-mile road race. The RBC and hemoglobin levels decreased significantly, from 5.17 million per cubic millimeter and 16.0 g/dL, respectively, to 4.36 million per cubic millimeter and 13.4 g/dL. Although the runners became marginally anemic during the race, their running speeds were not significantly changed. There were no abnormal clinical signs other than rare instances of hematuria. This study indicates that a sudden increase in long-distance running mileage above the regular training level may cause "sports anemia," a functional pseudoanemia that, in mild cases, does not impair endurance performance. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1215-1218)
Management Strategies for Helicobacter pylori-Seropositive Patients with Dyspepsia: Clinical and Economic Consequences
Authors: Joshua J. Ofman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Noninvasive testing for Helicobacter pylori is widely available and has been considered as an initial management strategy for uninvestigated dyspepsia. However, data to guide clinicians in the management of patients with dyspepsia who are seropositive for H. pylori are lacking. Objective: To examine the economic, clinical, and policy implications of alternative initial management strategies for patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia who are seropositive for H. pylori. Design: Decision analysis comparing the costs and outcomes of initial anti-H. pylori therapy and initial endoscopy. Patients: Helicobacter pylori-seropositive patients with dyspepsia. Measurements: Cost estimates were obtained from the Medicare reimbursement schedule and a health maintenance organization pharmacy. Probability estimates were derived from the medical literature. Results: Initial endoscopy costs an average of $1276 per patient, whereas initial anti-H. pylori therapy costs $820 per patient; the average saving is $456 per patient treated. The financial effect of a 252% increase in the use of antibiotics for initial H. pylori therapy is more than offset by reducing the endoscopy workload by 53%. Endoscopy-related costs must be reduced by 96% before the two strategies become equally cost-effective. In patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, the financial benefits of initial anti-H. pylori therapy are not substantially affected by varying the rates of H. pylori eradication, the complications of antibiotics, or the response of symptoms to cure of H. pylori infection. Conclusions: In H. pylori-seropositive patients with dyspepsia, initial anti-H. pylori therapy is the most cost-effective management strategy. Randomized studies of these strategies that evaluate outcomes and patient preferences are needed to optimize management decisions. In the meantime, unless physicians are concerned about resistance to antimicrobial agents or the lack of proven benefit of anti-H. pylori therapy in nonulcer dyspepsia, the strategy outlined in this analysis can be used as a basis for management and policy decisions about H. pylori-seropositive patients with dyspepsia.
OBESITY AS A CAUSE OF STERILITY.
Authors: JOHN V. GAFF
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In all ranks of life there are two well marked forms of senile decay; and every one will at once, I think, recognize the truth of the following sketch by Paget:"Some people, as they grow old, seem only to wither and dry up\p=m-\sharp featured, shriveled, spinous old folks, yet withal wiry and tough, clinging to life and letting death have them, as it were, by small instal- ments slowly paid; such are the 'lean and slippered pantaloons' and their shrunk shanks declare the pre- vailing atrophy."Others, women more often than men, as old and as ill nourished as these, make a far different appearance.With these the first sign of old age is that they grow fat, and this abides with them till, it may be, in a last illness sharper than old age, they are robbed of even their fat.These too, when old age sets in, become pursy, short winded, pot-bellied, pale and flabby; their skin hangs not in wrinkles, but in rolls and their voice instead of rising toward childish treble, becomes gruff and husky.Now these classes of old people may represent the two forms of atrophy.Atrophy by decrease and that by degeneration of tissue, to which we shall find nearly every part of the body liable.Given an obese woman, we will find an excessive accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue, hindering and finally rendering impossible the function of the various organs of the body.
Toxicity of 5-Fluorocytosine
Authors: JACK S. REMINGTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 May 1972Toxicity of 5-FluorocytosineJACK S. REMINGTON, M.D.JACK S. REMINGTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-830_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The subject of the usefulness of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) in treatment of fungal diseases has appeared in two issues of the ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (1, 2). In the first article it was stated that "serious toxicity has not been observed," and in the second, that "other major toxic side effects, including possible pancytopenia, are not well documented." Because the authors may have been unaware of a case report published in Pediatrics in 1970 (3) that is pertinent to the subject of potential toxicity of 5-fluorocytosine, I wish to bring it to the attention of your readers.The...References1. FASSPERKINS RR: 5-fluorocytosine in the treatment of cryptococcal and candida mycoses. Ann Intern Med 74:535-539, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEERMARKSKLITE PMP: 5-fluorocytosine: an all-antifungal compound. Ann Intern Med 76:15-22, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar3. SCHLEGEBERNIERBELLANTI RGJ: Severe candidiasis associated with thymic dysplasia, IgA deficiency, and plasma antilymphocyte effects. Pediatrics 45:926-936, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JACK S. REMINGTON, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Stanford University Medical Center Palo Alto, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHigh Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 5-Fluorocytosine in Human Plasma 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 830-831KeywordsFungal diseasesPediatricsToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
CD8+ cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma successfully treated with bexarotene: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Srivalli Gopaluni, Raiza Perzova, Lynn Abbott, Ramsey Farah, Anthony Shrimpton, Robert Hutchison, Bernard J. Poiesz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

CD8+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a relatively rare subset of the non-Hodgkins lymphomas. Bexarotene has been FDA-approved for the treatment of CTCL, but previous studies have been conducted on CD4+ CTL and there have been no reports about its use in CD8+ CTCL. Herein, we report on a patient whose CD8+ CTCL completely responded to treatment with bexarotene.