tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Medical Aphorisms of Moses Maimonides.
Authors: Fred Rosner, Sussman Muntner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Moses Maimonides, physician, theologian, philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer of the twelfth century, left a rich legacy of medical writings. Maimonides’ “Guide for the Perplexed” and his massive codification of Talmudic law, the Mishnah Torah, are better known than his medical works since the latter have only recently begun to be edited and published in Hebrew and English based upon the numerous manuscripts extant. Perhaps the most popular of Maimonides’ medical writings is The Medical Aphorisms of Moses (Pirke Moshe in Hebrew). This is a book of twenty-five chapters or treatises containing approximately 1,500 aphorisms based mainly on the works of Galen and other Greek and Arabic physicians. Each chapter or treatise is devoted to a different specialty in medicine and treatise fifteen deals exclusively with surgery. The source upon which each aphorism is based is given at the conclusion of the aphorism. This entire work has never before been translated into a western language. Chapter fifteen, dealing with principles of surgery, is presented here in its entirety translated from Hebrew Manuscript # 11’73, a copy of which was obtained from the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, France. Words in parentheses are our own additions to aid in the clarity of the translation but are not included in the original. The reader is particularly directed to the modernity of the concepts advanced by Maimonides. The principles of sterility and cauterization are outlined in aphorism Number 8 in which Maimonides cautions against infecting open wounds. In aphorism Number 10, the recognition of gangrene and the necessity for surgical intervention are pointed out. Early cure of “cancer” by wide excision is advocated in aphorism Number 13. The surgical approach to varicose veins, nasal polyps, peritonsillar abscesses, various tumors, and many other conditions, is described. That effective hemostasis requires the application of ligatures to bleeding vessels was recognized and advocated by Maimonides in aphorism Number 40. Incision and drainage of abscesses is depicted in aphorism Number 48. The final several FRED ROSNER, MD, Brooklyn, New York SUSSMAN MUNTNER, MD, Jerusalem, Israel
Calcium antagonists in exercise-induced asthma.
Authors: K R Patel
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Ten patients with exercise-induced asthma participated in a single-blind trial comparing the protective effects of inhaled verapamil (estimated dose 3 mg) and sodium cromoglycate (estimated dose 12 mg). Saline was used as control. Effects were assessed from the mean maximal percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after running on a treadmill for eight minutes. There was no significant change in baseline FEV1 values after each agent. In the exercise periods, however, FEV1 fell by 45.4% (SEM 4.0) after saline inhalation, 18.4% (5.1) after sodium cromoglycate, and 16.7% (4.3) after verapamil. The inhibitory effects of sodium cromoglycate and verapamil were comparable and significantly different from saline (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.01 respectively). Nevertheless, considerable intrasubject variability was observed. The findings suggest that mediator release, which is calcium dependent, may play an important part in exercise-induced asthma, and calcium antagonists may inhibit post-exercise bronchoconstriction by their blocking effect on calcium channels.
Metaknowledge may or may not facilitate knowledge and performance
Authors: Charles P. Shimp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Metaknowledge may not always facilitate acquisition of knowledge or performance of complex tasks. A pigeon, for example, depending on the task, can report what it is doing even if it cannot perform the task well, and it can fail to report what it is doing when it performs the task well (Shimp 1982; 1983).
Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Pure Red-Cell Aplasia with High-Dose Intravenous Gamma Globulin
Authors: Warren A. McGuire, Hsin Hsin Yang, Edward Bruno, John Brandt, Robert Briddell, Thomas D. Coates, Ronald Hoffman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

PURE red-cell aplasia is a syndrome characterized by severe anemia, reticulocytopenia, and an absence of erythroid precursor cells in bone marrow that is otherwise normal. This failure of erythropoiesis has been shown to be antibody-mediated in almost half the patients with the adult form of red-cell aplasia.1 2 3 4 Immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin have been used to treat immunologically mediated red-cell aplasia.2 , 5 6 7 8 Results of in vitro assays for hematopoietic progenitor cells may assist in predicting which patients will respond to immunosuppressive therapy.9 10 11 Red-cell aplasia in children usually differs from the disorder in adults. There is a constitutional . . .
FDA Approval: Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine for the Treatment of Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Laleh Amiri-Kordestani, Gideon M. Blumenthal, Qiang Casey Xu, Lijun Zhang, Shenghui W. Tang, Linan Ha, Wendy C. Weinberg, Bo Chi, Reyes Candau-Chacon, Patricia Hughes, Anne M. Russell, Sarah Pope Miksinski, Xiao Hong Chen, W. David McGuinn, Todd Palmby, Sarah J. Schrieber, Qi Liu, Jian Wang, Pengfei Song, Nitin Mehrotra, Lisa Skarupa, Kathleen Clouse, Ali Al-Hakim, Rajeshwari Sridhara, Amna Ibrahim, Robert Justice, Richard Pazdur, Patricia Cortazar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

On February 22, 2013, the FDA licensed ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla; Genentech, Inc.) for use as a single agent for the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who previously received trastuzumab and a taxane, separately or in combination. The clinical basis for licensure was a phase III trial in 991 patients with HER2-positive MBC that randomly allocated patients to receive ado-trastuzumab emtansine (n=495) or lapatinib in combination with capecitabine (n=496). The coprimary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) based on tumor assessments by an independent review committee and overall survival (OS). Statistically significant improvements in PFS and OS were observed in patients receiving ado-trastuzumab emtansine compared with patients receiving lapatinib plus capecitabine [difference in PFS medians of 3.2 months, HR, 0.65 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.55-0.77), P<0.0001 and difference in OS medians of 5.8 months, HR, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.55-0.85), P=0.0006]. The most common adverse reactions in patients receiving ado-trastuzumab emtansine were fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, thrombocytopenia, headache, increased aminotransferase levels, and constipation. Other significant adverse reactions included hepatobiliary disorders and left ventricular dysfunction. Given the PFS and OS results, the benefit-risk profile was considered favorable.
Telling the Cancer Patient
Authors: George L. Spaeth
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Novack et al (241:897, 1979), "Changes in Physicians' Attitudes Toward Telling the Cancer Patient," was an important one. Properly, it evoked two editorials (241:928, 1979) that appeared in the same issue. However, the conclusions of the article and both of the editorials were bone chilling. The original article concludes that "physicians are still basing their communications with cancer patients on emotion-laden personal convictions" rather than the outcome of properly designed scientific studies. The statement presents the authors' belief that behavior regarding human rights should properly be based on research studies. I strongly disagree with this unfounded assumption of the authors. Patients should be told the basic nature of their illness because it is their right to know. That conclusion is based on my conception of individual rights. Such a conception is the product of my values, which are heavily influenced by societal and emotional
The Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Targets Lentiviral Gene Transfer Vector to Neural Progenitors in the Murine Brain
Authors: Colleen S. Stein, Inês Martins, Beverly L. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-based lentiviral vectors can be targeted to restricted cell types by pseudotyping with envelopes from other viruses. An FIV vector expressing bacterial β-galactosidase (β-gal) and pseudotyped with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) envelope glycoprotein was injected into postnatal mouse brain striatum to determine neural cell-type transduction. After 3 or 7.5 weeks, the β-gal-expressing cells included astrocytes in the striatum and in the subventricular zone (SVZ), neuroblasts along the rostral migratory stream, and neurons in the olfactory bulb. This pattern was suggestive of transduction of neural stem cells/progenitors that reside in the SVZ and continually generate olfactory bulb neurons. To test for transduction of SVZ type B astrocyte/stem cells, LCMV-pseudotyped FIV encoding Cre recombinase driven by an astrocyte-specific promoter was injected into the striatum of ROSA26 Cre reporter mice. β-Gal expression in these mice depends on Cre recombinase-mediated DNA recombination. β-Gal-expressing neuroblasts and neurons were detected in the rostral migratory stream and olfactory bulb, respectively, indicating that these cells derived from an astrocytic-type stem cell. Thus, LCMV (WE54)-pseudotyped FIV provides a novel vector for transducing neural stem cells/progenitors in vivo and may prove valuable as a gene transfer vector for therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
Beyond Barcelona — The Global Response to HIV
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

There is a striking contrast between the countries where people are dying from AIDS and the countries where they are receiving effective therapy. In Western nations, there were 25,000 deaths from AIDS in 2001, and about 500,000 people were using antiretroviral drugs against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (see Figure). In sub-Saharan Africa, however, there were 2.2 million deaths, and only about 25,000 people were receiving antiretroviral treatment.If there was a single message from this summer's 14th International AIDS Conference in Barcelona, Spain, it was that this situation must change, and change quickly. “Treatment is technically feasible in every . . .
Epidermal growth factor regulates hematopoietic regeneration after radiation injury
Authors: Phuong L Doan, Heather A Himburg, Katherine Helms, J Lauren Russell, Emma Fixsen, Mamle Quarmyne, Jeffrey R Harris, Divino Deoliviera, Julie M Sullivan, Nelson J Chao, David G Kirsch, John P Chute
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Can myocardial contrast echocardiography, using triggered replenishment imaging, be an alternate to single-photon emission computed tomography in predicting significant coronary artery disease?
Authors: Xiao-Fang Xu, Jeanne Drinko, Jianbao Li, Christine Whitman, Kathy Morris, Neil L. Greenberg, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia Associated with a Mutant Species of Apolipoprotein B (B-46)
Authors: Stephen G. Young, Susan T. Hubl, David A. Chappell, Richard S. Smith, Frederica Claiborne, Steven M. Snyder, Joseph F. Terdiman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

THE two plasma forms of apolipoprotein B—B-100 and B-48 — are important proteins in mammalian lipoprotein metabolism.1 Both are products of the same structural gene,2 which in humans is located on chromosome 2.3 4 5 Apolipoprotein B-100 is a glycoprotein containing 4536 amino acids;6 7 8 9 10 and it is synthesized by the liver.1 It is an important structural protein in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), which are rich in triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are rich in cholesteryl esters. Apolipoprotein B-100 is virtually the only protein component of human LDL, and it is the ligand responsible for the recognition and uptake of LDL by cellular . . .
Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Rolf Rossaint, Konrad J. Falke, Frank Lopez, Klaus Slama, Ulrich Pison, Warren M. Zapol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The adult respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunting of venous blood. We investigated whether inhaling nitric oxide gas would cause selective vasodilation of ventilated lung regions, thereby reducing pulmonary hypertension and improving gas exchange.
The Tentacles of the Cell
Authors: Mehdi Tavassoli
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
934 DIFFERENCES IN HCV GENOTYPE 1 RVR RATES AMONG CLINICAL TRIALS IN EUROPE DEPEND ON HCV RNA ASSAY SENSITIVITY
Authors: J. Vermehren, A. Aghemo, S. Süsser, T.M. Scherzer, M.G. Rumi, M. Colombo, P. Ferenci, C. Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Genome-wide association analysis identifies new susceptibility loci for Behçet's disease and epistasis between HLA-B*51 and ERAP1
Authors: Yohei Kirino, George Bertsias, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo, Nobuhisa Mizuki, Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun, Emire Seyahi, Yilmaz Ozyazgan, F Sevgi Sacli, Burak Erer, Hidetoshi Inoko, Zeliha Emrence, Atilla Cakar, Neslihan Abaci, Duran Ustek, Colleen Satorius, Atsuhisa Ueda, Mitsuhiro Takeno, Yoonhee Kim, Geryl M Wood, Michael J Ombrello, Akira Meguro, Ahmet Gül, Elaine F Remmers, Daniel L Kastner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Sequential Modulation of Cardiac Autonomic Control Induced by Cardiopulmonary and Arterial Baroreflex Mechanisms
Authors: Raffaello Furlan, Giris Jacob, Laura Palazzolo, Alexandra Rimoldi, Andre Diedrich, Paul A. Harris, Alberto Porta, Alberto Malliani, Rogelio Mosqueda-Garcia, David Robertson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Nonhypotensive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) induces a reflex increase in forearm vascular resistance and muscle sympathetic neural discharge without affecting mean heart rate. We tested the hypothesis that a reflex change of the autonomic modulation of heartbeat might arise during low intensity LBNP without changes of mean heart rate.Ten healthy volunteers underwent plasma catecholamine evaluation and a continuous recording of ECG, finger blood pressure, respiratory activity, and central venous pressure (CVP) during increasing levels of LBNP up to -40 mm Hg. Spectrum and cross-spectrum analyses assessed the changes in the spontaneous variability of R-R interval, respiration, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and CVP and in the gain (alpha(LF)) of arterial baroreflex control of heart rate. Baroreceptor sensitivity was also evaluated by the SAP/R-R spontaneous sequences technique. LBNP began decreasing significantly: CVP at -10, R-R interval at -20, SAP at -40, and the indexes alpha(LF) and baroreceptor sensitivity at -30 and -20 mm Hg, compared with baseline conditions. Plasma norepinephrine increased significantly at -20 mm Hg. The normalized low-frequency component of R-R variability (LF(R-R)) progressively increased and was significantly higher than in the control condition at -15 mm Hg.Nonhypotensive LBNP elicits a reflex increase of cardiac sympathetic modulation, as evaluated by LF(R-R), which precedes the changes in the hemodynamics and in the indexes of arterial baroreflex control.
Domiciliary Midwifery and the Family Doctor
Authors: D. D. Logan, E. K. MacKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>Abstract</h3> How can we better understand the underlying neural mechanisms of brain dynamics? Many groups have examined brain states as a means of identifying recurring patterns of activity or connectivity. Although there is an abundance of methods of establishing and interpreting brain states, hidden Markov models are becoming an increasingly popular choice to extract recurring patterns of intensity or connectivity in neuroimaging data. These models not only recognize spatial patterns of brain states, but also ascertain their temporal progression. An assortment of hidden Markov model instantiations has arisen for diverse purposes, and these have been applied to a variety of neuroimaging datasets. However, most of these instantiations have focused on intensity-based states, i.e. states defined by the activity levels of one or more nodes, rather than connectivity-based states, i.e. states defined by patterns of functional connectivity between nodes. The intensity-based approach is problematic if we want to understand connectivity dynamics, since there is no reason to believe that the resultant states can provide any useful information about dynamic connectivity patterns. Here we aimed to remedy this methodological challenge by introducing a new hidden Markov model approach based on identifying states defined as full functional connectivity profiles among brain regions, and applying this approach to directly extract connectivity-based states in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We then empirically explore the behavior of this new model in comparison to existing approaches based on intensity-based states and summed functional connectivity states, utilizing the widely-available HCP unrelated 100 functional magnetic resonance imaging “resting state” dataset. Results show that our newly-introduced ‘full functional connectivity’ model discovered connectivity states with more distinguishable patterns than those derived from previously-employed approaches, and demonstrated clear superiority in recovering simulated connectivity-based states. These findings suggest that if our goal is to extract and interpret connectivity states in neuroimaging data, our new model can reveal more insights than previous methods, and intensity-based or summed functional connectivity-based approaches miss crucial information about the evolution of functional connectivity in the brain. <h3>Highlights</h3> •Hidden Markov models can be used to investigate brain states noninvasively •Previous models “recover” connectivity from intensity-based hidden states •Other previous models “recover” connectivity from connectivity ‘summed’ across nodes •Only full connectivity-based models can reveal true connectivity hidden states
Analysis of Gag-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Rhesus Monkeys by Cell Staining with a Tetrameric Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Peptide Complex
Authors: Marcelo J. Kuroda, Jörn E. Schmitz, Dan H. Barouch, Abie Craiu, Todd M. Allen, Alessandro Sette, David I. Watkins, Meryl A. Forman, Norman L. Letvin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

A tetrameric recombinant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–peptide complex was used as a staining reagent in flow cytometric analyses to quantitate and define the phenotype of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the peripheral blood of simian immunodeficiency virus macaque (SIVmac)-infected rhesus monkeys. The heavy chain of the rhesus monkey MHC class I molecule Mamu-A*01 and β2-microglobulin were refolded in the presence of an SIVmac Gag synthetic peptide (p11C, C–M) representing the optimal nine–amino acid peptide of Mamu-A*01–restricted predominant CTL epitope to create a tetrameric Mamu-A*01/p11C, C–M complex. Tetrameric Mamu-A*01/p11C, C–M complex bound to T cells of SIVmac-infected, Mamu-A*01+, but not uninfected, Mamu-A*01+, or infected, Mamu-A*01− rhesus monkeys. Specific staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SIVmac-infected, Mamu-A*01+ rhesus monkeys was only found in the cluster of differentiation (CD)8α/β+ T lymphocyte subset and the percentage of CD8α/β+ T cells in the peripheral blood of four SIVmac-infected, Mamu-A*01+ rhesus monkeys staining with this complex ranged from 0.7 to 10.3%. Importantly, functional SIVmac Gag p11C-specific CTL activity was seen in sorted and expanded tetrameric Mamu-A*01/p11C, C–M complex–binding, but not nonbinding, CD8α/β+ T cells. Furthermore, the percentage of CD8α/β+ T cells binding this tetrameric Mamu-A*01/p11C, C–M complex correlated well with p11C-specific cytotoxic activity as measured in both bulk and limiting dilution effector frequency assays. Finally, phenotypic characterization of the cells binding this tetrameric complex indicated that this lymphocyte population is heterogeneous. These studies indicate the power of this approach for examining virus-specific CTLs in in vivo settings.
Department of Amplification
Authors: Ahsen T. Ozarda
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article "Coexistent Lymphoma, Adenocarcinoma, and Struma Lymphomatosa," by Dr. Alberto Ayala et al (<b>204</b>:829, 1968) was discussed thoroughly at the University Hospitals Tumor Conference. The patient was treated by external irradiation with electron-beam sources, and later, photon-beam sources with the cobalt teletherapy device after incomplete surgical excision. In this article 4 1/2 lines describe radiation treatment. I would like to amplify and correct this description. This patient was first treated by 25 mev electron beam of betatron and received 4,000 rads at a depth of 7.7 cm through an anterior single treatment portal, 12×14 cm, which covered the entire surface of the anterior part of the neck. Later, the cobalt teletherapy device was used and 2,000 rads, tissue dose, at 5 cm depth was given from the posterior surface of the neck through a 12× 12-cm split-portal. Third, an extra-boosting dose was also given to