tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P4-11-04: The Influence of Radiation on Survival in Patients with Triple Negative Stage II Breast Cancer
Authors: B Hinton, J De Los Santos, K Keene, R Meredith, J Carpenter, A LoBuglio, C Falkson, H Krontiras, K Bland, C Wang, Y Kim, A. Forero
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Prospective trials of locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiation (RT) have demonstrated a survival advantage; however, use of postmastectomy RT in stage II patients is controversial. This study explores the possibility that patients with aggressive variant molecular subtypes [triple receptor negative (TN)] treated with modern chemotherapy, may experience a survival benefit from adjuvant RT. Methods: Billing codes for all breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy between 1/1998 and 5/2005 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were reviewed to comprehensively capture all Stage II and III patients with intact data. Patient, tumor, and treatment related variables were recorded and patients were divided into 3 molecular subtypes based on receptor status: hormone receptor (HR) positive, Her2 negative; HR+/− , Her2+; and TN. Kaplan Meier curves to assess survival were performed by dividing the TN group into 2 groups: those who did or did not receive adjuvant RT. Results: 409 patients with stage II-III disease with were identified. Out of this group, 81 patients had TN breast cancer (60 Stage II and 21 Stage III). RT data was known in 79 of these patients. Median age was 49 years. Median follow-up was 72 months. Thirty-seven stage II and 18 stage III patients received adjuvant RT. Of the stage II patients who received radiation, 25 underwent lumpectomy and 11 underwent mastectomy. Stage II patients who received adjuvant RT had a statistically significant improvement in DFS (p=0.03), and had a trend towards improvement in OS (p=0.07) when compared with those who did not receive adjuvant RT. There was no significant difference in survival for the stage III patients with use of RT, however numbers in this group were small. Conclusion: Adjuvant RT was associated with an improvement in DFS and a trend towards improvement in OS in patients with Stage II, TN breast cancers treated with modern chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-04.
Cytokine gene expression during postnatal small intestinal development: regulation by glucocorticoids
Authors: C Schaeffer, M Diab-Assef, M Plateroti, F Laurent-Huck, J M Reimund, M Kedinger, C Foltzer-Jourdainne
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> In the intestinal mucosa, numerous cytokines produced by the epithelium, fibroblasts, and immune cells were shown to affect epithelial differentiation and proliferation through epithelial-mesenchymal and epithelial-immune cell interactions. To date, the importance of cytokines in postnatal development of the rat small intestine has not been established. <h3>AIM</h3> To investigate the developmental changes in expression of mucosal cytokines in the postnatal maturation of the rat small intestinal epithelium and their regulation by glucocorticoids (GC). <h3>METHODS</h3> Mucosal maturation was assessed by the onset of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) mRNA, analysed by in situ hybridisation. The amount of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), β2 (TGF-β2), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and TGF-α was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in mucosal extracts from weaning (14–21 days old) and adult rats, or one day after an injection of hydrocortisone (HC) in 11 day old rats. Similarly, expression of cytokines and the regulatory effect of GC were studied on cultured subepithelial myofibroblasts cloned from postnatal jejunum and ileum cultured in the absence or presence of dexamethasone (DX). <h3>RESULTS</h3> TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IL-1β decreased during the third week of life while levels of TNF-α increased and TGF-α remained constant. In parallel, SI transcripts increased and showed a progressive accumulation in the apical part of the enterocytes first localised at the base of the villi from 18 days onwards. Interestingly, precocious induction of SI mRNA by HC paralleled the decrease in expression of TGF-β isoforms and of IL-1β. All cytokines were expressed in the myofibroblast cell lines. In addition, the results showed that TNF-α was differentially expressed in basal culture conditions and after DX stimulation in jejunal and ileal myofibroblasts. DX decreased IL-1β but not the TGF-β isoforms, similar to that in vivo. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> This study shows that mucosal cytokines are developmentally regulated and that GC are potentially involved in this regulation in parallel with maturation of the gut mucosa at weaning.
Mechanism of Drug Failure in Fusarium Keratitis, 2004–2006
Authors: John D Bullock, B Laurel Elder, Ronald E Warwar, Shane A Snyder, Ioana E Sizemore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

From 2004 through 2006, fusarium keratitis associated with contact lens use was recognized. In this letter, a potential mechanism for this event is identified.
Is the ratio of inhaled corticosteroid to bronchodilator a good indicator of the quality of asthma prescribing? Cross sectional study linking prescribing data to data on admissions
Authors: M. Shelley, P. Croft, S. Chapman, C. Pantin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the ratio of inhaled corticosteroid to bronchodilator as a measure of the quality of asthma prescribing by general practitioners. <b>Design</b>: Ecological cross sectional study linking general practitioner asthma prescribing with hospital admission data and a measure of deprivation. <b>Subjects</b>: 11 family health services authorities in the West Midlands region and 99 general practices in North Staffordshire. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Hospital admission rates for asthma; the ratio of inhaled corticosteroid to bronchodilator; and Townsend deprivation scores. <b>Results</b>: No overall significant correlation was found between admission rates for asthma and corticosteroid:bronchodilator ratios for family health services authorities (Spearman9s rs = −0.109, P = 0.750) or general practices (rs = −0.084, P = 0.407). In deprived family health services authority areas and general practices an inverse non-significant correlation existed between admission rates for asthma and corticosteroid:bronchodilator ratios (rs = −0.300, P = 0.624; rs = −0.218, P = 0.136). In contrast, in more affluent areas and general practices a positive non-significant correlation existed between admission rates and corticosteroid:bronchodilator ratios (rs = 0.371, P = 0.468; rs = 0.038, P = 0.792). <b>Conclusion</b>: Although the corticosteroid:bronchodilator ratio may be a valid indicator of the quality of prescribing for individual patients with asthma, caution should be applied in interpreting aggregated ratios. Differences in the severity of asthma or the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may explain inconsistent associations between admission rates for asthma and corticosteroid:bronchodilator ratios in family health services authorities and general practices with different deprivation scores. <h3>Key messages</h3> The use of the corticosteroid:bronchodilator ratio as an indicator of the qual- ity of asthma prescribing at family health services authority or general practice level should be viewed with caution. The association between corticosteroid:bronchodilator ratios and hospital admission rates for asthma shows inconsistency between deprived and more affluent areas. Differences in asthma severity or the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmo- nary disease may offer explanations for this inconsistency. Individual prescribing data linked to more accurate measures of asthma mor- bidity and the general practitioner9s diagnosis are required.
PD5-1-7: Time trends in nodal CT volume and nodal motion during radiotherapy for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Geert Bosmans, Angela van Baardwijk, Andre Dekker, Stofferinus Wanders, Liesbeth Boersma, Philippe Lambin, Dirk De Ruysscher
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Histocompatibility antigens in psoriatic arthritis.
Authors: J R Lambert, V Wright, S M Rajah, J M Moll
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Histocompatibility (HL-A) antigen typing was performed on 82 patients with psoriatic arthritis. The prevalance of HL-AB27 was increased (28%) compared with that in a control group (7-5%), and this was most marked in those with spinal changes. The prevalence in patients with sacroiliitis and syndesmophytes was 75%, with sacroiliitis alone 78%, but with syndesmophytes and normal sacroiliac joints only 36%. The overall prevalence in psoriatic spondylitis was 60%, with a prevalence of 71% in those fulfilling the New York criteria for anklosing spondylitis. The prevalence was not increased in those with only peripheral arthritis (11%). The prevalence of HLA-B13 was decreased in those with psoriatic spondylitis, though this was not statistically significant. The overall prevalence of HLA-BW17 was increased, this being particularly so in those with syndesmophytes, but values were not significant.
Gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia
Authors: C A Rubio
Journal: Gut (2003)

We read with interest the viewpoint “Gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia: Vienna revisited” by Dixon ( Gut2002;51:130–1 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] ). For many years Western gastrointestinal pathologists have followed the recommendations of British gastrointestinal pathologists. We learned that terms such as carcinoma in situ should be banned from the diagnostic terminology as it could lead to misinterpretation by surgeons and to unnecessary surgical intervention. The Vienna classification1 has introduced new avenues to the understanding of the process of carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. For some Western pathologists in the Vienna group who also received histopathological training in Japan, the concept of intraepithelial carcinoma (that is, carcinoma in situ) and of intramucosal carcinoma appeared natural. Although during the first day of discussions other Western pathologists appeared reluctant to accept such controversial notions, the discussion became … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DDixon%26rft.auinit1%253DM%2BF%26rft.volume%253D51%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D130%26rft.epage%253D131%26rft.atitle%253DGastrointestinal%2Bepithelial%2Bneoplasia%253A%2BVienna%2Brevisited%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.51.1.130%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12077106%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=51/1/130&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F52%2F3%2F455.2.atom
Something borrowed from the blues?
Authors: K. McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There has been an increase in the birth prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) since the introduction of newborn screening, both globally and in the UK. This increase can be accounted for by an increase in CH with gland in situ (CH-GIS). It is not known why CH-GIS is becoming more common, nor how it affects the health, development and learning of children over the long term. Our study will use linked administrative health, education and clinical data to determine risk factors for CH-GIS and describe long-term health and education outcomes for affected children. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> We will construct a birth cohort study based on linked, administrative data to determine what factors have contributed to the increase in the birth prevalence of CH-GIS in the UK. We will also set up a follow-up study of cases and controls to determine the health and education outcomes of children with and without CH-GIS. We will use logistic/multinomial regression models to establish risk factors for CH-GIS. Changes in the prevalence of risk factors over time will help to explain the increase in birth prevalence of CH-GIS. Multivariable generalised linear models or Cox proportional hazards regression models will be used to assess the association between type of CH and school performance or health outcomes. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> This study has been approved by the London Queen Square Research Ethics Committee and the Health Research Authority’s Confidentiality Advisory Group CAG. Approvals are also being sought from each data provider. Obtaining approvals from CAG, data providers and information governance bodies have caused considerable delays to the project. Our methods and findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Preoperative Evaluation-Reply
Authors: Mark T. Mikinski
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —We greatly appreciate the comments of Drs Loo, Fisher, Castro, and Byrne and wholeheartedly agree that patients should be fully informed about the potential risks and benefits of any planned procedure. There are, however, several points in their statement that must be clarified.  The original question and our answer dealt with the preoperative evaluation of patients scheduled for elective (AAA) repair. Our preoperative risk assessment strategy was specifically targeted at this group of patients and was not intended to be used as a general preoperative guideline for all forms of noncardiac vascular surgery. In patients with an AAA, clinical risk factors are age greater than 70 years, diabetes mellitus, angina, abnormal Q-waves on electrocardiogram, and ventricular ectopy. The patients who have three or more of these factors are at high risk of having a postoperative cardiac event with an event rate of 25% as we stated. Patients with
British doctors should imagine working in another country
Authors: R Kale
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The fact that an association like the Overseas Doctors Association has existed for nearly 20 years and is thriving suggests that it fulfils a need. In a democratic country there can be no real objection to doctors forming associations on ethnic grounds for professional reasons or for social ones such as appreciating music. But in my opinion ethnic associations formed for professional reasons are undesirable as they perpetuate the …
Mortality of bereavement.
Authors: W D Rees, S G Lutkins
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<b>Background:</b> Six-minute walking test (6MWT) is widely used to assess exercise capacity in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) is used in chronic pulmonary diseases. There is limited data about its relationship with clinical parameters, quality of life (QoL) and physical activity level which are important in the prognosis of PH. <b>Objective:</b> This study aims to investigate the relationship between pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), FEV1/FVC, diffusion capacity, QoL and physical activity, ISWT and 6MWT. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between hemodynamic changes in ISWT and 6MWT. <b>Method:</b> Sixteen PH patients (mean age:43.69±11.75/years, mean PAP:44.06±19.6 mmHg) were included in the study. PAP (right heart catheterization) were noted from the medical records. Spirometry, diffusion capacity, 6MWT, and ISWT were performed. Heart rate, SpO2, dyspnea and leg fatigue according to Borg scale were evaluated before and after the tests and walking distances were noted. Physical activity was determined by using SenseWear Pro Armband according to number of steps (NOS). QoL evaluated with EmPHasis-10. <b>Results:</b> The changes in dyspnea level (p=0.001, r=0.727) and heart rate (p=0.023, r=0.562) and walking distances (p=0.006, r=0.651) in ISWT and 6MWT were correlated. The NOS was significantly correlated with walking distance in ISWT (p=0.025, r=0.559) and 6MWT (p=0.028, r=0.548). <b>Conclusion:</b> We found that the changes in ISWT and 6 MWT were showed similar relationships in terms of walking distance, dyspnea, and heart rate. Also, physical activity level is related to exercise capacity assessed with ISWT and 6MWT in patients with PH.
Pancreatic Scanning as a Diagnostic Tool in the District General Hospital
Authors: A. M. Spencer, M. P. Patel, B. J. Smits, J. D. F. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The results of 200 radioisotope pancreatic scans in a general hospital show that 32 scans were recorded as "false positives," though these included 13 patients with diabetes mellitus and nine who had had truncal vagotomy. There were no "false negatives." Scanning is a useful diagnostic tool and a distinct advance on other tests more usually available for testing pancreatic function.
Antibodies That Promote Thyroid Growth
Authors: William A. Valente, Paolo Vitti, Carlo M. Rotella, Margaret M. Vaughan, Salvatore M. Aloj, Evelyn F. Grollman, Francesco S. Ambesi-Impiombato, Leonard D. Kohn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We used a strain of differentiated rat-thyroid cells in continuous culture (the FRTL-5 strain) to detect the presence of growth-promoting antibodies in serum samples from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. We found that IgG preparations from 17 of 20 patients (85 per cent) with active Graves' disease and two of five patients (40 per cent) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis could augment thyroid-cell growth. In parallel with IgG-induced elevations in intracellular cyclic AMP levels in the same cell line, all 20 of the patients with active Graves' disease had thyroid-stimulatory antibodies. Patients' IgG preparations fell into three subclasses: those with both potent cyclic AMP stimulation and potent growth-promoting activity; those with potent cyclic AMP stimulation but low-level growth promotion; and those with potent growth promotion and low-level cyclic AMP action. Growth-promoting antibodies were not detected in patients with Graves' disease in remission (seven patients), nodular goiter (seven), subacute thyroiditis (five), or atrophic thyroiditis (one). Simultaneous assays of growth promotion and cyclic AMP stimulation may be useful in the care of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.
SPECT/CT of Femeroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Allen Lee, Louise Emmett, Hans Van der Wall, Siri Kannangara, Robert Mansberg, Ignac Fogelman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Femoroacetabular impingement is a recently described condition thought to be associated with early onset osteoarthritis. We describe 2 cases of femoroacetabular impingement that were initially unrecognized despite multimodality imaging, including radiographs, MRI, and scintigraphy. The scintigraphic appearance may mimic avascular necrosis. There are limited reports of femoroacetabular impingement in the nuclear medicine literature. We propose that the finding of increased uptake in the superior femoral neck associated with osteoarthritic uptake involving the superior hip joint suggests the diagnosis of either cam or mixed cam-pincer impingement.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria and lead intoxication: the molecular basis for difference in cutaneous photosensitivity. I. Different rates of disappearance of protoporphyrin from the erythrocytes, both in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: S Piomelli, A A Lamola, M F Poh-Fitzpatrick, C Seaman, L C Harber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

In lead intoxication photosensitivity is usually absent, despite concentrations of protoporphyrin in the erythrocytes equal to or greater than in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Profound differences in the distribution of protoporphyrin in aging erythrocytes were demonstrated by age-dependent fractionation of cells on discontinuous density gradients. In erythropoietic protoporphyria the concentration of protoporphyrin declined extremely rapidly with erythrocyte age; the bulk of the protoporphyrin was lost in less than 3 days and the concentration of fluorescent erythrocytes in the gradient paralleled the decline of protoporphyrin. In lead intoxication the protoporphyrin concentration declined only slightly with cell aging and erythrocytes of all ages fluoresced. In the bone marrow from a patient with erythropoietic protoporphyria all reticulocytes, but only occasional late normoblasts, fluoresced, suggesting a single population. Sterile incubation in plasma (pH 7.5) demonstrated rapid diffusion of protoporphyrin from the erythrocytes in erythropoietic protoporphyria, but not in lead intoxication. Plasma protoporphyrin was elevated in erythropoietic protoporphyria, but not in lead intoxication. Estimates of the daily loss of protoporphyrin from erythropoietic tissue in erythropoietic proporphyria suggested an order of magnitude similar to the total blood protoporphyrin. Therefore, it is not necessary to postulate a preponderant extraerythropoietic source to explain the amount of fecal excretion. A significant amount of the diffused protoporphyrin probably reaches the skin with resulting photosensitivity. In contrast, in lead intoxication protoporphyrin remains within the erythrocyte throughout its life span ; there is no diffusion into the plasma and hence no photosensitivity.
Coalition cuts have had toxic effect on UK mental health, say therapists
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

More than 400 psychotherapists, counsellors, and academics have condemned the coalition government’s cuts and policies, saying that they have had a profoundly disturbing effect on people’s psychological wellbeing and quality of life.

Writing in the Guardian newspaper, they said that counsellors and psychotherapists were at the “coalface” in responding to the effects of austerity …
Eye and Skin Disease
Authors: William P. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The skin and the eye are intimately related in a number of disease states. Often the critical clue to the diagnosis of a problem in one of these organs lies in a careful examination of the other. Dermatologists and ophthalmologists are trained to examine both the skin and the eye, but most textbooks logically are oriented toward one and give minimal attention to the other. Drs Mannis, Macsai, and Huntley have recognized this deficiency and collaborated in producing a masterful text, which unites these two disciplines. They have drawn upon the combined expertise of over 100 dermatologists and ophthalmologists in a massive and unique joint effort. This 729-page reference text is quite comprehensive and includes rare and common disorders that affect both the skin and the eye. The chapters are clearly written and thoroughly referenced. Each includes a table of "Key Clinical Points." These tables tie together the perspectives of