tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Late diagnosis of HIV infection in children is common and devastating
Authors: G. Barrett, C. R Victor
Journal: BMJ (1995)

coding staff, and download these data to a standard word processing package that contains a free text module.The resulting discharge summary is then sent to the family doctor.At St Mary's Hospital we adopted the latter approach last January.Audit of 228 summaries over two separate one month periods was per- formed.Summaries were sent by post, with most arriving at their destination within 12 days of the patient's discharge.Use of the postal system resulted in a median delay between dispatch and receipt of five days; fax machines are therefore now used.Comments by general practitioners were favourable ("clear and concise," "timely and comprehensive"), with support being expressed by both hospital clinicians and general practitioners for the adoption of Read coding instead of the sometimes tortuous ICD-10 (international classifi- cation of diseases, 10th revision) codes currently in use.We have already seen a considerable improvement in the accuracy of clinical coding; some clinicians were unaware of the potential for damage that incorrect coding carries.The system is also being piloted as a basis for clinical audit.Finally, the presence of a summary on the hospital infor- mation system allows access to recent clinical information in those cases in which timely retrieval of notes is difficult.This method of producing summaries addresses many of the issues raised in the Audit Com- mission's report, and the summaries represent a nascent electronic patient record.
828-4 Incremental value of isolation the right inferior pulmonary vein during pulmonary vein isolation procedures in patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hakan Oral, Aman Chugh, Peter Cheung, Burr W Hall, Srikar Veerareddy, Jihn Han, Kristina Lemola, Kamala Tamirisa, Frank Pelosi, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Rotavirus vaccines: considerations for successful implementation in Europe
Authors: Pierre Van Damme, Marie Van der Wielen, Filippo Ansaldi, Daniel Desgrandchamps, Javier Diez Domingo, Francisco Gimenez Sanchez, Jim Gray, Martin Haditsch, Kari Johansen, Paula Lorgelly, Mathie Lorrot, Nathalie Parez, Volkmar Reschke, Markus Rose
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2006)
Use of Transrectal Ultrasound to Stage Prostate Cancer
Authors: Edward J. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —All nonpalpable cancers are not stage Tic. The interesting article by Dr Epstein and colleagues<sup>1</sup>defines in great detail the pathologic outcome of prostatectomy for nonpalpable prostate cancers as contrasted with T1a tumors diagnosed at transurethal resection of the the prostate and palpable T2 cancers. However, these nonpalpable cancers are not all correctly staged Tic, as the 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer<sup>2</sup>system upstages nonpalpable cancers based on imaging findings (transrectal ultrasound [TRUS] and magnetic resonance imaging). Epstein and colleagues report that 103 of their 157 patients had preoperative TRUS with reports available, and presumably more than 103 had TRUS done to assist biopsy. The results of TRUS appear to have been omitted from the staging of these patients and do not appear in the article. Consequently, none of the patients with an abnormality on TRUS was advanced to the correct American Joint Committee
Position of Resting Infants
Authors: Ralph S. Clayton
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I believe that the answer to the question on the position of resting infants (<i>JAMA</i><b>177</b>:663 [Sept. 2] 1961) is inadequate. It is well established that the cardiac sphincter is often incompetent in infants. Since the esophagus enters the stomach in a posterior coronal plane compared to the antrum, placing the infant on the back results in the gastric contents pooling in the fundus. When the cardiac sphincter relaxes, or if it is incompetent, gastric contents reflux up the esophagus. This often continues to regurgitation, in which case there is a greater risk of aspiration than if the infant is on the stomach. On the other hand, in the face-down position the fluid contents of the stomach collect in the distal pars media and antrum, and any air in the stomach rises to the fundus and can be eliminated when the cardiac sphincter relaxes. We have
Quelques considerations en matière d’ulcère gastro-duodenal
Authors: G. Gandini
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

These are some considerations on the pathogenesis of the gastroduodenal ulcer. After a general premise to the ulcerous disease about its pathogenesis, the author considers with particular attention the more strictly emotive factours, which, time by time, intervenes in the development of the gastroduodenal ulcer.He concludes by doing some considerations about the role the physician can assume in his treatment of the patient suffering from ulcer, from the point of view of psychotherapy.
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptors in fibrogenesis and hepatic regeneration following acute and chronic liver disease
Authors: Grant A. Ramm
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Hepatic fibrosis develops as a response to chronic liver injury and almost exclusively occurs in a proinflammatory environment. However, the role of inflammatory mediators in fibrogenic responses of the liver is only poorly understood. We therefore investigated the role of CC chemokines and their receptors in hepatic fibrogenesis. The CC chemokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES and their receptors CCR1 and CCR5 were strongly upregulated in 2 experimental mouse models of fibrogenesis. Neutralization of CC chemokines by the broadspectrum CC chemokine inhibitor 35k efficiently reduced hepatic fibrosis, and CCR1- and CCR5-deficient mice displayed substantially reduced hepatic fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. Analysis of fibrogenesis in CCR1- and CCR5-chimeric mice revealed that CCR1 mediates its profibrogenic effects in BM-derived cells, whereas CCR5 mediates its profibrogenic effects in resident liver cells. CCR5 promoted hepatic stellate cell (HSC) migration through a redox-sensitive, PI3K-dependent pathway. Both CCR5-deficient HSCs and CCR1- and CCR5-deficient Kupffer cells displayed strong suppression of CC chemokine–induced migration. Finally, we detected marked upregulation of RANTES, CCR1, and CCR5 in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, confirming activation of the CC chemokine system in human fibrogenesis. Our data therefore support a role for the CC chemokine system in hepatic fibrogenesis and suggest distinct roles for CCR1 and CCR5 in Kupffer cells and HSCs.
Neuroimaging and Disorders of Consciousness: Envisioning an Ethical Research Agenda
Authors: Joseph J. Fins∗, Judy Illes∗, James L. Bernat∗∗, Joy Hirsch∗∗, Steven Laureys∗∗, Emily Murphy∗∗
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Abstract The application of neuroimaging technology to the study of the injured brain has transformed how neuroscientists understand disorders of consciousness, such as the vegetative and minimally conscious states, and deepened our understanding of mechanisms of recovery. This scientific progress, and its potential clinical translation, provides an opportunity for ethical reflection. It was against this scientific backdrop that we convened a conference of leading investigators in neuroimaging, disorders of consciousness and neuroethics. Our goal was to develop an ethical frame to move these investigative techniques into mature clinical tools. This paper presents the recommendations and analysis of a Working Meeting on Ethics, Neuroimaging and Limited States of Consciousness held at Stanford University during June 2007. It represents an interdisciplinary approach to the challenges posed by the emerging use of neuroimaging technologies to describe and characterize disorders of consciousness. Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the support of the Greenwall Foundation for sponsorship of the conference on which this paper is based. Dr. Fins is a recipient of a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Investigator Award in Health Policy Research and also gratefully acknowledges support from the Charles A. Dana and Buster Foundations. Dr. Illes acknowledges the additional support of NIH/NINDS RO1 NS#045831. The meeting was hosted by the Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics and Program in Neuroethics, Stanford University. Many thanks to Vivian Chin, Stanford University; Stephen Jones, Stanford University; Eugenie Marek, Stanford University; Navah Statman, National Alliance for Mental Illness, for attending; and Patricia Lau at the National Core for Neuroethics, University of British Columbia, for editorial assistance. Cosigning Workshop Participants Martha J. Farah, University of Pennsylvania; Joseph T. Giacino, JFK Medical Center; Oleg Jardetsky, Stanford University; Albert R. Jonsen, California Pacific Medical Center; Maarten Lansberg, Stanford University; Sofia Lombera, Stanford University; David Magnus, Stanford University; Jennifer McCormick, Stanford University; Stephen J. Morse, University of Pennsylvania; Adrian M. Owen, Medical Research Council, UK; Eric Racine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Christine Wijman, Stanford University; Nicholas D. Schiff, Weill Cornell Medical College; William Winslade, University of Texas, Galveston. Notes ∗Co-lead authors. ∗∗Equal authors in alphabetical order.
Assessing the Severity of Coronary Lesions with Angiography
Authors: Sven Paulin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

This issue of the Journal contains a report of a postmortem study of the coronary arteries, analyzed in detail with a morphometric technique.1 Studies of this kind appear less frequently now than during the 1940s and '50s, when, for example, the now classic postmortem examinations by Schlesinger2 and Blumgart3 and their colleagues were published. These studies contributed immensely to our understanding of the relation between coronary arterial disease, myocardial infarction, and clinical symptoms. They confirmed the opinions of such eminent clinicians as Herrick,4 who in 1912 had emphasized the many variables that influence the clinical manifestations of coronary artery obstructions . . .
Education of Pregnant Women
Authors: K. Brookes
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Urinary Infections in Pregnancy SIR,-It is disappointing to see the myth of " physiological " urinary tract disturbances in pregnancy resurrected by Mr. Elliot E. Philipp (21 March, p. 749) in spite of his protestation that mild infection may progress to more chronic conditions.To pass over urinary-tract symptoms as being likely to be due to changes in the epithelium of the trigone is to put an unnecessary stumblingblock in the way of the correct diagnosis.E. H. Kass' demonstrated five years ago that quite apart from overt urinary infections asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in 7% of all pregnant women, and will progress to clinical pyelonephritis in up to 40% of cases within the course of the pregnancy.It is well known that chronic pyelonephritis commonly escapes detection during life, and it may be that prospective studies will establish an association between asymptomatic bacteriuria and subsequent chronic renal disease.In the meantime the clinician should investigate any ,complaint of urinary-tract symptoms, how- ever minor, during pregnancy.Ideally those cases of proved bacteriuria should be followed up after parturition.In fact I would suggest that every pregnant woman is entitled to have at least one properly collected midstream specimen of urine cultured during the first trimester of her pregnancy.-Iam, etc., Edinburgh 3.
A Cancer Detection Flow Sheet
Authors: Richard D. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Early detection of cancer enhances its curability. In this era of subspecialization, proper and complete screening of the patient for malignancy is made difficult when visits to the clinic or private physician are few and to different medical disciplines each time. This problem might be partially remedied if a cancer detection flow sheet accompanied the patient's clinic or private chart. This would be a readily accessible documentation of routine historical, physical, and laboratory tests which, in present practice, are scattered sporadically throughout a patient's record. A sample "Cancer Detection Flow Sheet" is shown (Figure). Historical, physical, and laboratory data are grouped together. Any symptom, sign, or laboratory test that the physician desires to follow, can be added to the flow sheet. A space is provided for expansion of questionable or abnormal findings. Both the clinic and private physician might find this method useful, while their patients find
Is reduced cardiac performance the only mechanism for myocardial infarct size reduction during beta adrenergic blockade?
Authors: L. STANGELAND, K. GRONG, H. VIK-MO, K. S ANDERSEN, J. LEKVEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Equal reductions in heart rate (44 beats·min−1) were obtained in cats by treatment with either the beta blocking agent timolol or alinidine, an agent claimed to cause bradycardia without interfering with beta adrenoceptor function. Infarct size was measured by staining with triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride after 5 h of coronary occlusion and related to the area of hypoperfused myocardium as measured by autoradiography. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by 15 μm radiolabelled microspheres. Compared with the control cats, in whom 87.4 (SEM2.2)% of hypoperfused myocardium developed into necrosis, timolol reduced infarct size to 65.8 (SEM 2.6)% (p<0.001) and alinidine to 76.2 (SEM 3.1)% (p<0.01) of the hypoperfused area. Timolol reduced infarct size more than did alinidine (p<0.01). Necrosis was more extensive in the endocardium than in the epicardium in all groups. In the subendocardium timolol and alinidine reduced infarct size to the same extent, whereas timolol reduced infarct size more than alinidine in the subepicardium. Although heart rate proved to be the dominant haemodynamic predictor of infarct size, this study indicates that mechanisms other than reduced oxygen demand associated with bradycardia and cardiodepression are operating in the ischaemic myocardium during beta adrenergic blockade.
Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: John W. Raker, Marshall K. Bartlett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

IN spite of a great deal of attention that has been devoted to the subject of pancreatitis in recent years, many gaps exist in understanding of this disease. The purpose of this study was to follow the progress of a group of patients who had survived one or more attacks of acute pancreatitis, and thus to help clarify the natural life history of the disease if untreated and evaluate the results of various forms of surgical therapy used.Criteria for DiagnosisFor a study of this type, criteria for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were essential. This diagnosis was accepted . . .
Did the PREDIMED Trial Test a Mediterranean Diet?
Authors: Lawrence J. Appel, Linda Van Horn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommend healthy dietary patterns — specifically, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and Mediterranean-style diets.1 A persuasive body of evidence from observational studies has documented that Mediterranean-style diets are associated with a substantially reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.2 Mediterranean diets are not a single dietary pattern, but they do have common features — an emphasis on vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts, seeds, breads, unrefined grains, and olive oil (but not necessarily extra-virgin olive oil); inclusion of fish and wine; and minimal intake of meats and full-fat dairy products.3 Such diets are rich in total, monounsaturated, . . .
Bilateral pneumothoraces and pleural effusions in rheumatoid lung disease.
Authors: W V Evans
Journal: Thorax (1984)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> Factors that regulate mitotic spindle positioning have been elucidated <i>in vitro</i>, however it remains unclear how a spindle is placed within the confines of extremely large cells. Our studies identified a uniquely large centrosome structure in the early zebrafish embryo (246.44±11.93μm<sup>2</sup> mitotic centrosome in a 126.86±0.35μm diameter cell), whereas <i>C. elegans</i> centrosomes are notably smaller (6.75±0.28μm<sup>2</sup> mitotic centrosome in a 55.83±1.04μm diameter cell). During early embryonic cell divisions, cell size changes rapidly in <i>C. elegans</i> and zebrafish embryos. Notably, mitotic centrosome area scales closely with changing cell size compared to changes in spindle length for both organisms. One interesting difference between the two is that mitotic centrosomes are asymmetric in size across embryonic zebrafish spindles, with the larger mitotic centrosome being 2.14±0.13-fold larger in size than the smaller. The largest mitotic centrosome is placed towards the embryo center in a Polo-Like Kinase (PLK) 1 and PLK4 dependent manner 87.14±4.16% of the time. We propose a model in which uniquely large centrosomes direct spindle placement within the disproportionately large zebrafish embryo cells to orchestrate cell divisions during early embryogenesis.
Door-to-Balloon Time in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Mauro Moscucci, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Circulation (2006)

ver the past decade, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has emerged as an effective treatment strategy for acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Compared with thrombolytic therapy, the benefits of primary PCI include a reduction in the frequency of total stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, a reduction in the frequency of reinfarction, and an increase in the frequency of infarct-related artery patency, resulting in improved in-hospital and long-term survival. 1In addition, the availability of primary PCI provides a valid alternative for patients who have contraindications to thrombolytic therapy.
Motivations and Opportunities
Authors: James Raglan Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THERE are two kinds of motivation that incite men to activity — those that push and those that pull. Hunger, thirst, cold, want and fear are motivations of the "pusher" type. These are sufficient on occasion to furnish a certain amount of activity, even in the most indolent. The classic example of this type of motivation is the burr strategically placed near the rear end of the donkey. By reputation the burr is an effective measure in these circumstances to activate this obstinate animal.On occasion the same obstinate donkey can be led along the path of progress by a . . .
Autopsy Service at the Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital
Authors: Ralph E. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

IN 1932 the Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital staff established standard autopsy procedures that have led to a consistently high percentage of permissions for post-mortem examination. The essential features of the program are as follows: A hospital staff that agrees that all deaths be followed by a request for post-mortem examination. Precedence is given to the obtaining of permission for autopsy because of the fleeting nature of the opportunity to give a valuable service to the family of the deceased — I have never known a family to be antagonized by a request for autopsy. A department of pathology ready to . . .
Laterality probabilities fluctuate during ontogenetic development
Authors: Arve Vorland Pedersen, Beatrix Vereijken
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

We argue that lateralities are not merely a result of phylogenetic processes but reflect probability functions that are influenced by task characteristics and extended practice. We support our argument by empirical findings on lateral biases in early infancy in general, and footedness in particular, and on hand preferences in nonhuman primates.
Treatment of Posterior Hypospadias by the Autologous Graft of Cultured Urethral Epithelium
Authors: Giuseppe Romagnoli, Michele De Luca, Fabio Faranda, Roberto Bandelloni, Adriano Tito Franzi, Ferdinando Cataliotti, Ranieri Cancedda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

HYPOSPADIAS is a congenital defect in which the urethra terminates on the ventral surface of the penis. In about 20 percent of cases, the urethral meatus is at the base of the penis, and the anterior urethra is absent. Treatment in these cases requires extensive reconstruction of the anterior urethra, usually with autografts of flaps of contiguous skin or preputial skin transferred with a vascular pedicle.1 Split-thickness skin grafts from other parts of the body have also been used.1 , 2 The presence of pilosebaceous units in skin grafts can lead to problems, however, because of hair growth and sebaceous secretion. More . . .
The cytoplasmic tail of CD45 is released from activated phagocytes and can act as an inhibitory messenger for T cells
Authors: Stefanie Kirchberger, Otto Majdic, Stefan Blüml, Catharina Schrauf, Judith Leitner, Christopher Gerner, Wolfgang Paster, Nina Gundacker, Maria Sibilia, Johannes Stöckl
Journal: Blood (2008)
"Intramural" residual interventricular defects after repair of conotruncal malformations.
Authors: T J Preminger, S P Sanders, M E van der Velde, A R Castañeda, J E Lock
Journal: Circulation (1994)

We report an unusual type of residual interventricular communication in patients with conotruncal malformations in which the aorta is completely or partly aligned with the right ventricle (RV). Interventricular communications after surgical repair usually result from additional defects, patch dehiscence, or incomplete closure and lie in the septal plane. However, after a right ventricular aorta is baffled to the left ventricle, the ventricular septal defect (VSD) patch and RV free wall form part of the systemic outflow tract. This "neo-left ventricular" outflow tract may provide a location for residual interventricular communications out of the septal plane.We reviewed echocardiographic, angiographic, and clinical records of patients who had one or more residual interventricular communications out of the plane of the ventricular septum after repair of a conotruncal anomaly. Between June 1990 and October 1992, we observed such defects in eight patients, 5 to 26 years old, after repair of double-outlet right ventricle (n = 6), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 1), or truncus arteriosus (n = 1). In each, the VSD patch was anchored to the RV free wall near the aortic root. Nonetheless, channels were observed around the edge of the patch, between the neo-systemic outflow tract and the right ventricle. All patients had right ventricular hypertension; in seven, the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp:Qs) was > or = 2. At multiple unsuccessful reoperations (two to four per patient), the patch edges appeared securely attached to myocardium. Angiographic views profiling the septum failed to localize these defects, since they are not in the native septum. Echocardiographic detection of such anterior defects can be difficult. Transcatheter umbrella closure was attempted in the seven patients with large shunts; success was limited by the multiplicity of flow channels. Umbrella closure eliminated the need for further reoperation in four of seven patients, one patient died suddenly awaiting reoperation, and two deaths followed reoperation."Intramural" residual interventricular defects are difficult to diagnose by all modalities. Umbrella placement may reduce the left-to-right shunt. Successful surgical closure may require removal and reattachment of the anterior portion of the patch.