tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consent Forms-Reply
Authors: Gary R. Morrow
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  My colleagues and I 1 along with others 2 have previously documented the problems of comprehension and retention of informed consent forms. The purpose of this further study was to assess if,  fact, the consent forms were the garbage in to the informed consent procedure. It seems self-evident that to comprehend a written document you have to be able to read it. Readability and comprehension are inexorably intertwined; the terms were used together 16 times  the article.  I completely agree with Bridgeman's statement that the quality of the yardstick yields the quality of the measurement. The Flesch and Fry scales are commonly used, well-validated yardsticks that give more than adequate measurement. Without dwelling on the often complex psychometric development of readability and comprehension scales, 3 the type of study suggested as the one I should have done is precisely the type done  developing and validating the
Axillary Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: WILLIAM W. L. GLENN, JOHN E. FENN
Journal: Circulation (1972)

A right axillary A-V fistula has been made in a 13-year-old patient with tricuspid atresia who, after undergoing two unsuccessful attempts in infancy to establish a left Blalock shunt and having had a superior vena cava-right pulmonary artery (SVC-RPA) shunt at age 3, showed increasing disability and profound cyanosis (HCT 80%). One year following creation of the fistula there is marked increase in exercise tolerance, a decrease in HCT to 56%, and an increase in pO 2 from 57 to 105 mm Hg. Creation of an axillary A-V fistula in patients with an SVC-RPA shunt is an effective means of supplementing blood flow to the right lung by increasing the flow through the shunt and by giving it a pulsatile character, and, eventually, by decreasing the blood's viscosity. Axillary A-V fistula may be required by many patients with a cava-pulmonary shunt who have inadequate perfusion of the contralateral lung and clinical deterioration.
Recent Advances in the Roentgenographic Diagnosis of Congenital Malformation of the Heart and Great Vessels
Authors: Edward B. D. Neuhauser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE roentgenographic features of certain congenital malformations of the heart and great vessels have recently been clarified. An accurate diagnosis of the nature of the malformation cannot be made without a clear understanding of the basic physiologic changes caused by such a malformation, and only rarely can an accurate diagnosis be made by simple roentgenographic methods alone. The diagnosis should, whenever possible, be based on the history, physical findings, electrocardiogram, film and fluoroscopic examination, and on the simpler laboratory procedures. In some cases it may be necessary to call upon the more complicated ancillary methods of diagnosis, such as angiocardiography, . . .
Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Reduces the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Catheter Ablation
Authors: Adam S. Fein, Alexei Shvilkin, Dhaval Shah, Charles I. Haffajee, Saumya Das, Kapil Kumar, Daniel B. Kramer, Peter J. Zimetbaum, Alfred E. Buxton, Mark E. Josephson, Elad Anter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
SENSITIZATION TO HORSE SERUM FOLLOWING TOXIN-ANTITOXIN INJECTION
Authors: Frederic W. Lathrop
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Several cases of sensitization to horse serum as a result of the prophylactic use of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixture were recently reported.<sup>1</sup>It has been generally believed that this sensitization either does not occur or is very rare. Any possible danger from it has been considered negligible. However, a case of alarming skin sensitivity to horse serum following the injection of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin has been seen in the children's ward of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> F. L., a girl, aged 10½ years, admitted to Dr. Gitting's service, March 28, 1927, and discharged, April 27, 1927, had a typical mild chorea of one week's duration. The family history was negative for hay-fever, asthma, eczema or anaphylactic phenomena. Her past history included vaccination at 5 months, tonsillectomy at 1 year and measles at 3 years. Otherwise it was entirely negative. She received three injections as prophylaxis
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON BLACKWATER FEVER
Authors: E. P. Carmody
Journal: BMJ (1925)

THE JRnTiEg 6. Elxeoic ise in patients witlhout sufflcieint insulin, endo- gellollS Ol' exogenlous, causes no chanige in the concenitrationi of glucose in the blood, but markedly increases the production of ketoniei bodies, witli resultanit acidosis and tlhe likelihood of the supervention of a diabetic coma.7. An lhypothesis for the actioni of insulin is suggested from these experiments.
Angiogenic factors FGF2 and PDGF-BB synergistically promote murine tumor neovascularization and metastasis
Authors: Lars Johan Nissen, Renhai Cao, Eva-Maria Hedlund, Zongwei Wang, Xing Zhao, Daniel Wetterskog, Keiko Funa, Ebba Bråkenhielm, Yihai Cao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Tumors produce multiple growth factors, but little is known about the interplay between various angiogenic factors in promoting tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Here we show that 2 angiogenic factors frequently upregulated in tumors, PDGF-BB and FGF2, synergistically promote tumor angiogenesis and pulmonary metastasis. Simultaneous overexpression of PDGF-BB and FGF2 in murine fibrosarcomas led to the formation of high-density primitive vascular plexuses, which were poorly coated with pericytes and VSMCs. Surprisingly, overexpression of PDGF-BB alone in tumor cells resulted in dissociation of VSMCs from tumor vessels and decreased recruitment of pericytes. In the absence of FGF2, capillary ECs lacked response to PDGF-BB. However, FGF2 triggers PDGFR-alpha and -beta expression at the transcriptional level in ECs, which acquire hyperresponsiveness to PDGF-BB. Similarly, PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs become responsive to FGF2 stimulation via upregulation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) promoter activity. These findings demonstrate that PDGF-BB and FGF2 reciprocally increase their EC and mural cell responses, leading to disorganized neovascularization and metastasis. Our data suggest that intervention of this non-VEGF reciprocal interaction loop for the tumor vasculature could be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and metastasis.
Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Intermediate Species Mediate Asbestos-Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress–Responsive Signaling Pathways
Authors: Sarah X.L. Huang, Michael A. Partridge, Shanaz A. Ghandhi, Mercy M. Davidson, Sally A. Amundson, Tom K. Hei
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

The incidence of asbestos-induced human cancers is increasing worldwide, and considerable evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators of these diseases. Our previous studies suggested that mitochondria might be involved in the initiation of oxidative stress in asbestos-exposed mammalian cells.We investigated whether mitochondria are a potential cytoplasmic target of asbestos using a mitochondrial DNA-depleted (ρ(0)) human small airway epithelial (SAE) cell model: ρ(0) SAE cells lack the capacity to produce mitochondrial ROS.We examined nuclear DNA damage, micronuclei (MN), intracellular ROS production, and the expression of inflammation-related nuclear genes in both parental and ρ(0) SAE cells in response to asbestos treatment.Asbestos induced a dose-dependent increase in nuclear DNA oxidative damage and MN in SAE cells. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in intracellular oxidant production and activation of genes involved in nuclear factor κB and proinflammatory signaling pathways in SAE cells. In contrast, the effects of asbestos were minimal in ρ(0) SAE cells.Mitochondria are a major cytoplasmic target of asbestos. Asbestos may initiate mitochondria-associated ROS, which mediate asbestos-induced nuclear mutagenic events and inflammatory signaling pathways in exposed cells. These data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of asbestos-induced genotoxicity.
London hospital defends decision not to publish damning report
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2007)

England's health services watchdog, the Healthcare Commission, has backed a London hospital's decision not to publish a report that criticised standards of care provided for its heart surgery patients. 

After a journalist at the Guardian newspaper raised concerns in early 2005 about the quality of data on cardiac surgery at St Mary's Hospital NHS Trust in Paddington, the trust called in Bruce Keogh, professor of cardiac surgery at University College London and director of London's Heart Hospital, to advise. 

His report, which described facilities for …
Man's Anatomy: A Study in Dissection
Authors: Ronald Singer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The publication of gross-anatomy dissection manuals is becoming as regular as the appearance of ladies' fashions, but unfortunately the manuals are not adorned with the same imaginative originality. In the present work the large, expensive volumes attempt to combine "a detailed guide to the dissection of the human body with a systematic account of human anatomy." The detail is certainly present, even to the extent where the introduction advises the student to "familiarize" himself with such regions as the shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, etc. The systematic descriptions are terse, in a style that leaves the inquiring student with a feeling of inadequacy. The 608 line drawings are simple and often useful, but hardly helpful in locating structures during laboratory dissection. Although the dissection sequence is reasonable, there are a number of undesirable aspects, confusing for the functional understanding of structural organization. For example, the book provides for the dissection and
Use of recombinant RNP peptides 70K and A in an ELISA for measurement of antibodies in mixed connective tissue disease: a longitudinal follow up of 18 patients.
Authors: D J de Rooij, W J Habets, L B van de Putte, M H Hoet, A L Verbeek, W J van Venrooij
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

In a three year prospective study disease activity variables and levels of antibody against the RNP-peptides 70K and A were measured in 18 patients with mixed connective tissue disease. Antibody measurement entailed use of cloned autoantigens in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fluctuations in antibody levels against 70K and A were most commonly noted in patients who also had changes in disease activity, but these changes in serology and disease activity were synchronous in only a minority of the episodes. Even major disease flares were associated with changes in anti-A levels in only a few, and with changes in anti-70K levels in none of the episodes. The data indicate that measurements of anti-70K and anti-A levels are not useful in monitoring disease activity or response to treatment in mixed connective tissue disease, and suggest that these antibody specificities do not play a direct part in the pathogenesis of disease manifestations.
Primary Nephrectomy for Rupture of Kidney
Authors: W. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1900)

INJlURIES PRODUOED BY HOTCHK[&S SHELI.[EDIRCALJOURL NA 5 Scarpa's triangle, was a jagged wound about I inch long, through which the finger could be passed to a depth of about 3 inches, and copious venous bleeding at once commenced, showing wound of the femoral vein.Hfemorrhage could be fasily stopped by pressure.At the bottom of this wound a piece (about s2 inch long and weighing ix oz.) of shell was found and extracted.and B.....
Oncolytic measles virus efficacy in murine xenograft models of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Adam W. Studebaker, Brian Hutzen, Christopher R. Pierson, Terri A. Shaffer, Corey Raffel, Eric M. Jackson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare, highly malignant pediatric tumor of the central nervous system that is usually refractory to available treatments. The aggressive growth, propensity to disseminate along the neuroaxis, and young age at diagnosis contribute to the poor prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of using oncolytic measles virus (MV) against localized and disseminated models of medulloblastoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oncolytic potential of MV in experimental models of AT/RT. Following confirmation of susceptibility to MV infection and killing of AT/RT cells in vitro, nude mice were injected with BT-12 and BT-16 AT/RT cells stereotactically into the caudate nucleus (primary tumor model) or lateral ventricle (disseminated tumor model). Recombinant MV was administered either intratumorally or intravenously. Survival was determined for treated and control animals. Necropsy was performed on animals showing signs of progressive disease. All cell lines exhibited significant killing when infected with MV, all formed syncytia with infection, and all generated infectious virus after infection. Orthotopic xenografts displayed cells with rhabdoid-like cellular morphology, were negative for INI1 expression, and showed dissemination within the intracranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces. Intratumoral injection of live MV significantly prolonged the survival of animals with intracranial and metastatic tumors. These data demonstrate that AT/RT is susceptible to MV killing and suggest that the virus may have a role in treating this tumor in the clinical setting.
Effect of Work-Hour Regulations on Outcomes
Authors: Dena E. Rifkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters18 March 2008Effect of Work-Hour Regulations on OutcomesDena E. Rifkin, MDDena E. Rifkin, MDFrom Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a member of the Yale-New Haven Hospital internal medicine housestaff during the study period of Horwitz and colleagues (1), I read their report with great interest. I would add some comments and caveats to the conclusions.First, the transition to the “nocturnalist” system was indeed, as suggested in the authors' discussion, supported by tremendous increases in involvement and quality monitoring on the part of the administration, chief residents, attending physicians, and senior residents. I doubt that, without this level of internal dedication, the system would have met the benchmarks that it did.Second, the junior and ...Reference1. Horwitz LI, Kosiborod M, Lin Z, Krumholz HM. Changes in outcomes for internal medicine inpatients after work-hour regulations. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:97-103. [PMID: 17548401] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoChanges in Outcomes for Internal Medicine Inpatients after Work-Hour Regulations Leora I. Horwitz , Mikhail Kosiborod , Zhenqiu Lin , and Harlan M. Krumholz Effect of Work-Hour Regulations on Outcomes Leora Horwitz , Harlan Krumholz , Zhenqui Lin , and Mikhail Kosiborod Metrics 18 March 2008Volume 148, Issue 6Page: 483KeywordsConflicts of interestHospital medicineTraditional medicine ePublished: 18 March 2008 Issue Published: 18 March 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Prognostic factors for acute myeloid leukemia patients with t(6;9)(p23;q34) who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Ken Ishiyama, Akiyoshi Takami, Yoshinobu Kanda, Shinji Nakao, Michihiro Hidaka, Tetsuo Maeda, Tomoki Naoe, Shuichi Taniguchi, Keisei Kawa, Tokiko Nagamura, Ken Tabuchi, Yoshiko Atsuta, Hisashi Sakamaki
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
The Case Against Tenure in Medical Schools
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1984)

TENURE in medical schools is a relatively new phenomenon. It developed slowly, primarily because most medical schools consisted of parttime faculty until World War II. These part-time faculty were primarily clinicians who derived most of their income from the practice of medicine and were not dependent on the university for their economic survival. Although a number of medical schools had small basic science departments, even in them, tenure was not a subject of contention. Tenure developed in medical schools primarily as the medical schools became a progressively integral part of the university. It developed a much stronger base in public medical schools than in private medical schools, but was accepted even by the private schools, primarily to place them in a competitive position in the recruitment and retention of faculty and to provide employment security. The purposes of tenure are well known. It exists to protect faculty from adverse outside
Improving the Delivery of Preventive Services to Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Lenard I. Lesser
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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A randomised, controlled, double blind, escalating dose study of alicaforsen enema in active ulcerative colitis
Authors: S J H van Deventer
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an enema formulation of alicaforsen, an antisense inhibitor of intercellular adhesion molecule, after 1, 3, and 6 months. <b>Methods:</b> This was a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, escalating dose multicentre study in 40 patients with mild to moderately active distal ulcerative colitis (disease activity index (DAI) 4–10). Patients were assigned to four dosing cohorts of 10 patients each (eight active, two placebo). Each patient received 60 ml of alicaforsen enema (0.1, 0.5, 2, or 4 mg/ml or placebo) once daily for 28 consecutive days. Safety and efficacy (DAI and clinical activity index) scores were evaluated up to six months after initiation of dosing. <b>Results:</b> At day 29, alicaforsen enema resulted in dose dependent improvement in DAI (overall p = 0.003). Alicaforsen 4 mg/ml improved DAI by 70% compared with the placebo response of 28% (p = 0.004). Alicaforsen 2 and 4 mg/ml improved DAI status by 72% and 68% compared with a placebo response of 11.5% at month 3 (p = 0.016 and 0.021, respectively). Specifically, DAI improved from 5.6 to 1.6 and from 6.3 to 2.5 in the 2 and 4 mg/ml groups compared with placebo (7.5 to 6.1). None of the patients in the 4 mg/ml group compared with 4/8 placebo patients required additional medical or surgical intervention over baseline during the six month period after starting the enema treatment. The safety profile was favourable. <b>Conclusions:</b> Alicaforsen enema showed promising acute and long term benefit in patients with mild to moderate descending ulcerative colitis. Alicaforsen enemas had a favourable safety profile. These findings require verification in larger randomised controlled clinical trials.
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome--from the inside
Authors: A. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1995)

After a period of grieving and adjustment amputees eventually accept their loss, picking up the threads of their life. Their loss is obvious and evokes understanding and support. But when someone becomes the victim of a rare disabling condition such as reflex sympathetic dystrophy the victim cannot know what he or she must accept or how to plan for the future.

In 1978 my left brachial plexus was damaged by the seat belt that saved my life in a serious motor accident. On regaining consciousness I was aware of an intense sensation of ice and fire and pins and needles on the left side of my neck, radiating down my left arm and upwards to myface. Compared with this my fractured left wrist was of minor interest. Although the intensity of these sensations lessened after a few minutes, they have continued more or less unabated for 16 years. At the time of my accident I was physically fit, athletic, and outgoing, with a wide circle of friends and a full life. Work and leisure pursuits were essentially physical. Robbed of these by an obscure medical condition causing pain upon physical or emotional stimulation, I became withdrawn and depressed.

After the accident I experienced acute hypersensitivity and pain in my wrist, which was in plaster: any incautious movement of my left shoulder produced piercing pain. My sense of touch was impaired—for instance, to the fingers of my injured hand my skin felt like pumice stone. Cold always intensifies the pain. …
Elimination of Imatinib Mesylate and Its Metabolite <i>N</i>-Desmethyl-Imatinib
Authors: Martin Bornhäuser, Stefan Pursche, Malte Bonin, Jens Freiberg-Richter, Andreas Jenke, Thomas Illmer, Gerhard Ehninger, Eberhard Schleyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

in a 200-patient, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of pancreatic cancer patients, that an EPA supplement was again ineffective.Overall, more than 650 cancer patients have participated in negative phase III studies with EPA.Although the selection of study end points can be challenging, as discussed by Dr Davis, one would think that if EPA were benefiting patients in some way, at least some suggestion of a comparative advantage would have been observed by now in one of these three major trials.Furthermore, preliminary phase II data from Barber et al 4 provided justification for the dose and manner of administration of the EPA supplement we tested, and presumably also for the supplement tested by Fearon et al.One might argue for additional preliminary evidence of efficacy before embarking on another major phase III trial with a higher dose or a different formulation of this agent.We do agree with Dr Davis that further study of the cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome is indicated.Marked by increasing debility, shortened survival, and a poor quality of life, this syndrome is devastating for cancer patients.There is no question that it merits further clinical investigation.