tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conflicts of Interest and Disclosure in the American Psychiatric Association’s Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Lisa Cosgrove, Harold J. Bursztajn, Sheldon Krimsky, Maria Anaya, Justin Walker
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are developed, endorsed, and disseminated through professional medical organizations such as the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as the standard of care for health care providers. Because of their influence, it is critical that CPG are based on objective data, unprejudiced by stakeholder groups, and that any financial associations between authors of CPG and the pharmaceutical industry are made transparent. The present study examined the degree and type of financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry held by authors of 3 major CPG. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; By using multimodal screening techniques, we investigated the financial relationships to the pharmaceutical companies of 20 work group members who authored the guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Eighteen CPG authors (90%) had at least 1 financial tie to the pharmaceutical industry. All of the CPG authors who had industry relationships had financial relationships with companies whose products were specifically considered or included in the guideline they authored. The leading categories of financial interest held by CPG authors were research funding (77.7%), consultancies (72.2%), members of corporate boards (44.4%), and collaborators in industry-funded studies (44.4%). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Ninety percent of the authors of 3 major CPG in psychiatry had financial ties to companies that manufacture drugs which were explicitly or implicitly identified in the guidelines as recommended therapies for the respective mental illnesses. None of the financial associations of the authors were disclosed in the CPG.
1002-98 Platelet-derived growth factor signaling has a crucial role in vascular maturation following myocardial infarction
Authors: Pawel T Zymek, Kamal Nasser, Sophia Tincey, Guofeng Ren, Marcin Dobaczewski, Lloyd H Michael, Mark L Entman, Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Activation of lymphocytes and increased interleukin-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in acute eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: H. Taniguchi, J-I. Kadota, T Fujii, Y-i Matsubara, S. Katoh, H. Mukae, S. Matsukura, S Kohno
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a recently described illness and the number of case reports has increased during the last few years. However, the role of interleukin (IL)-5 and activated lymphocytes in the pathogenesis or activity of AEP is still not clear. The clinical features, lymphocyte surface analysis and IL-5 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood (PB) of a young female patient with AEP are described before and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 months after a 3-day course of i.v. methylprednisolone. Serum and BALF concentrations of IL-5 before treatment were 5,200 and 8,400 pg x mL(-1), respectively. Activated CD4 lymphocytes bearing CD25 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR in BALF were higher than in PB. Treatment caused a rapid fall in these cells and levels of IL-5 in BALF returned to normal levels in parallel with clinical improvement. There was no evidence of recurrence after cessation of steroid therapy. In contrast, eosinophilia in BALF persisted for 4 weeks after steroid therapy in spite of normalization of the chest radiograph and arterial blood gases. The number of CD8+CD11b- (suppressor/cytotoxic) T-cells subsequently increased while the number of CD8+CD11b+ cells decreased. These results suggest that activated CD4 cells and interleukin-5 elevation contribute to the development of acute eosinophilic pneumonia rather than persistent eosinophilia in the lung and that a short course of steroid therapy may effectively control acute eosinophilic pneumonia.
Influence of aging on left ventricular hemodynamics and stiffness in beagles.
Authors: G H Templeton, M R Platt, J T Willerson, M L Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We studied the influence of aging on the contractile performance, stiffness, and contraction time of the canine left ventricle. Eight young (27 +/- 2.5 months, mean +/- SE) and seven old (128 +/- 20.5 months) beagles were placed on complete cardiopulmonary bypass, the arterial pressure was adjusted to 80 mm Hg, and the heart contracted isovolumically at a paced rate of 120 beats/min. Diastolic pressure-volume curves were established for each unpaced left ventricle at the beginning of each experiment, and the volume at the knee of the curve was used during the subsequent data collection when the heart was paced. Stiffness was measured with a sinusoidal forcing function, which imposed a sinusoidal displacement of 1 ml at 20 Hz into a balloon placed in the left ventricle. In each ventricle, stiffness was related linearly to pressure during the cardiac cycle, and was greater for any given pressure in the older beagles. Contraction duration was prolonged in the older dogs. In an additional seven old beagles during right heart bypass time, and duration of contraction were longer than in seven young beagles. Aging of the beagle heart is associated with an increase in left ventricular systolic and diastolic stiffness and prolonged duration of contraction.
An Intrinsic Neuromuscular Basis for Mitral Valve Motion in the Dog
Authors: EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK, LEONARD M. NAPOLITANO, WILLARD M. DAGGETT, THEODORE COOPER
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve of the dog contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, and cardiac muscle in addition to elastic fibers and collagen. When studied in a myograph, the electrically stimulated mitral valve actively developed tension and shortened. Active tension was found to be a function of initial length of the valve and was increased by norepinephrine and decreased by acetylcholine. The presence of neuronally releasable norepinephrine stores in the valve was indicated by responsiveness to tyramine. The negative inotropic response of the mitral valve to acetylcholine was consistent with an atrial origin of the tissue. Possible functional roles for mitral valve muscle and the potential significance of its neural control are discussed.
Postoperative thrombocytopenia in type IIB von Willebrand disease
Authors: Mae B. Hultin, Ira I. Sussman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract We report studies of a large kindred with type IIb von Willebrand disease and manifestations of thrombocytopenia. While only one member of the family was thrombocytopenic routinely, three members of the family who underwent various surgical procedures demonstrated thrombocytopenia and platelet clumping postoperatively. Platelet clumps were found on peripheral blood smear only in the immediate postoperative specimens and did not appear to be a technical artifact. In the one patient who received no preoperative prophylactic therapy, postoperative plasma specimens showed the transient appearance of high molecular weight von Willebrand factor multimers. These results support the hypothesis that surgery, or some related aspect such as stress, led to the release of high molecular weight multimers, resulting in platelet clumping and removal from the circulation, and subsequent thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia under conditions of stress may be a more common manifestation of type IIb vWd than is currently appreciated.
Hard metal lung disease
Authors: G. Hillerdal
Journal: Thorax (1982)

1951, calcium was being advocated as suitable therapy for tuberculosis.To determine whether there may be an association between tuberculosis and calcium deficiency, serum calcium, 25-OHD3, parathyroid hormone and other related parameters have been measured in tubercu- lous patients, and compared with levels in a control population matched for age, sex, and ethnic origin.Tuberculous patients showed a statistically significant deficiency of calcium (uncorrected for albumin) and albumin, but not of 25-OHD3, parathyroid hormone or corrected calcium.Alkaline phosphatase and gamma- glutamyl transferase were also raised in the patient group.
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF GYNOCARDATE OF SODA IN LEPROSY, WITH FURTHER EXPERIENCE OF ITS SUBCUTANEOUS USE
Authors: L. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1916)

IN a recent paper' I recorded a long experience of gyno-*cardates by the mouth, and six months' use of solutions injected subcutaneously in the treatment of leprosy, and rstated that this line of treatment had given greater
Skin-Writing in Greek
Authors: Samuel D. Allison
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dermatology desperately needs the aid of the sage of Bloomington, Hawaii, Dr. G. G. Liddle. He may be able to correct what must have been a "typo" that slipped into dermatologic literature some decades ago. Every time we've run out to Bloomington to find G. G., he is off prying up the stones of some ancient heiau, searching soils for an esoteric mycobacterium, or digging up roots described by the old timers as of rare medicinal value. Our emissaries have sought him from the wilds of Kalalau, past the shores of Kalaupapa, to bleak South Point. Please help us reach him. I need his help! Hundreds of other dermatologists will profit now. And over the ensuing centuries, untold thousands will have life simplified when they try to look up what you have editorially termed "Skin-Writing." Rook has four and a half columns of '"derma" and a lonely
A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF INDICAN AND INDIRUBIN IN THE URINE.
Authors: H. RICHARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The methods in general use for the detection of indican in the urine are too well known to require recapitulation; they are qualitative and are of little or no value for clinical diagnosis; all are based on the breaking up of the indoxyl sulphate with hydrochloric acid, oxidizing the indoxyl into indigo, dissolving in chloroform, when the blue coloration obtained is utilized to estimate the excess. Errors arise in this method from a variety of causes. If the total quantity of urine passed in the twenty-four hours is small, a deep coloration may be obtained in the test tube, while the total amount may be normal; on the other hand, if the quantity for twenty-four hours is large, little or no coloration may be obtained, and yet the total quantity may be in excess of normal. Another point is the varying difficulty of breaking up the indoxyl; sometimes the mere
75 deaths in asthmatics prescribed home nebulizers.
Authors: P Ebden, P R Farrow, D Shaw, J B Cookson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

75 Deaths in asthmatics prescribed home nebulisers SIR,-Like Dr M R Sears and coworkers (21 February, p 477),-.we are concerned about the possible toxicity of high doses of bronchodilators delivered by nebulisers in patients with asthma who are also hypoxic and may be hypokalaemic.We studied 10 patients with asthma, mean age
Hypermethylation of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Motohisa Tada, Osamu Yokosuka, Kenichi Fukai, Tetsuhiro Chiba, Fumio Imazeki, Takeshi Tokuhisa, Hiromitsu Saisho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)

NAD(P)H: quinone oxydoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) belong to phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. GSTP1 inactivation via CpG island hypermethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was previously reported, but the involvement of NQO1 in HCC is not well known. In this study, we assessed the transcription and status of methylation of NQO1 gene in human hepatoma cells and primary human HCC tissues.NQO1 transcription and DNA hypermethylation in hepatoma cells with or without 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) treatment were investigated by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), sodium bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The methylation status of NQO1 and GSTP1, and NQO1 mRNA in 44 HCC cases was also analyzed by MSP and real-time PCR, respectively.NQO1 transcription was down-regulated and the CpG island DNA was hypermethylated in Hep3B and HuH6 cells. After treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, NQO1 transcription was restored and CpG island DNA was demethylated in these cells. MSP analysis revealed that NQO1 hypermethylation occurred in 50.0% of HCC. All of the tumors that exhibited lesser amounts of NQO1 mRNA than corresponding non-tumorous tissues showed NQO1 hypermethylation.NQO1 transcription might be inappropriately suppressed by promoter hypermethylation in a subset of HCC, as well as GSTP1 gene.
Health-Care Lessons from International Experience
Authors: Carl E. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Overseas experience can help provide understanding of the potentials of recent innovations in health care. In any attempt to achieve social equity in distribution of services and a comprehensive community emphasis, the critical need is reallocation of roles in the health team. Rural-health research in developing countries has defined some general principles and practical mechanisms for widening the range of responsibility of community doctors rather than continuing to use them mainly to provide primary medical care.Countries such as India are reluctantly realizing that a health manpower policy that concentrates mainly on producing doctors is inappropriate. An educational system that . . .
Hepatitis B virus and apparent fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis
Authors: T.L. Wright, D. Mamish, C. Combs, M. Kim, T.L. Wright, D. Mamish, C. Combs, M. Kim, J. Lake, E. Donegan, L. Ferrell, J. Roberts, N.L. Ascher
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
An Unusual Vascular Complication of Fractured Clavicle
Authors: Paul H. Guilfoil
Journal: JAMA (1967)

SEVERAL well-recognized vascular injuries are quite commonly associated with bony trauma. Posterior dislocation of the knee may result in severe contusion or even actual laceration of the popliteal artery.<sup>1</sup>Numerous cases of rupture of the axillary artery in association with anterior dislocation of the shoulder have been reported.<sup>2</sup>Aneurysmal dilatation of the subclavian artery following fracture of the clavicle was reported recently by DeBakey et al.<sup>1</sup>Also, Gryska has recorded the case of a patient in whom a clavicular fracture was complicated by complete transection of the subclavian artery.<sup>3</sup>We have not, however, been able to find a report which describes subclavian artery thrombosis as a sequel of nonunited fracture of the clavicle. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old white man was admitted to the Veterans Administration Center, Dayton, Ohio, on Sept 1, 1966. At the time of admission he was semistuporous and had a strong
Calcific Shadow in Spleen of Young Man
Authors: Hector A. Favelukes
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>History</h3> A 23-year-old man who had been well his entire life had symptoms of pharyngitis with fever, myalgia, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and left costal tenderness, which had been present for one month. He had traveled in Spain and Italy for five weeks during the previous summer. On returning to the United States, he had worked as an orderly in various state hospitals, including infectious disease and tuberculosis wards. The illness was diagnosed as a viral syndrome, and he was treated symptomatically and recovered completely. Six months later he again noted spiking fever (40 °C) accompanied by diaphoresis, diffuse myalgia, and severe left upper quadrant pain, which was sharp, nonradiating, and unrelieved by food or medication. Results of a physical examination were normal. The laboratory data were unremarkable. Figure 1 is a segment of an excretory urogram. Figure 2 is a left lateral spleen scan. Figure 3 is a selective
Is the Quality Cart Before the Horse?
Authors: David B. Nash
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Imagine, for a moment, a private corporation that affects the lives of 32.4 million US citizens and one with yearly expenditures in excess of $113 billion. Yet, the corporation spends less than 0.3% of this figure on a program to ensure the quality of the "product" it delivers.<sup>1</sup>Now, senior officers in this fictitious corporation are proposing sweeping changes that will radically alter the methods for improving the quality of its products; but their proposal lacks a detailed business plan, budget, and convincing evidence of success in a test phase. See also p 900. While some observers may object to my private-sector analogy, I believe the article by Jencks and Wilensky (in this issue ofThe Journal<sup>2</sup>) describes just such a scenario for the Medicare program. Because this article proposes a plan based on a fundamental shift in thinking, I will first attempt to summarize its main points,
Possible mechanism of phorbol diester-induced maturation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
Authors: G R Vandenbark, L J Kuhn, J E Niedel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The phorbol diesters are the most potent inducers of differentiation of the promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. Soluble phorbol diester receptors from HL-60 cells were obtained from the cytosolic fraction and from the particulate fraction by either divalent ion chelation or detergent extraction. The partially purified soluble phorbol diester receptors required exogenous Ca2+ and phospholipid for maximal binding and displayed a dissociation constant (KD) of 8.1 nM for [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Phorbol diester analogues inhibited [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding in a stereospecific manner consistent with their biologic potency. The soluble phorbol diester receptors prepared by all three methods copurified in a constant ratio with the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C through ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. Partially purified protein kinase C was directly activated by the phorbol diesters even in the absence of exogenous Ca2+. The ability of a series of phorbol analogues to activate the kinase correlated with their known activity as inducers of cell differentiation. In addition, phorbol diester stimulation altered the phosphate acceptor substrate profile of protein kinase C, at least in part, by alteration of the Michaelis constant (Km). These data suggest that protein kinase C is the phorbol diester receptor and that phorbol diester-induced macrophage maturation of HL-60 cells may be mediated by activation of intracellular protein kinase C.
The Morality of Transplantation
Authors: Owen S. Surman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —Moss and Siegler 1 believe that patients with alcohol-related end-stage liver disease should not compete equally for liver transplantation. One risk of this position, were it extended to other areas, would be for all who seek medical care to be hostage to their pasts. I once performed short-term psychotherapy for a young woman whose insurance company canceled her coverage 4 years after our last clinical encounter. My note to her internist about the patient's past alcohol history inadvertently had become part of her insurance file.  Alcoholics experience a low social esteem and may seem an acceptable target for discrimination. In effect, all with a particular disorder (alcohol-related end-stage liver disease) would be excluded or given second-class status, a form of passive exclusion, given the long queues for donor organs. And this would be accomplished irrespective of prognosis. It is unimaginable that a similar proposition would be considered
Structural determinants of vascular endothelial growth factor-D receptor binding and specificity
Authors: Veli-Matti Leppänen, Michael Jeltsch, Andrey Anisimov, Denis Tvorogov, Kukka Aho, Nisse Kalkkinen, Pyry Toivanen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Kurt Ballmer-Hofer, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Blood (2010)
Ketamine and Kalashnikovs
Authors: J. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Fridays are mine injury days. The local custom at the end of the week is to eat alfresco, but the picnics take place in one of the world's most heavily mined areas. One step too many off the marked paths and a young man lies asleep on the operating table while his father is ushered in to inspect the mutilated limb. The older man remains impassive at the grotesque sight—as head of the family he just wants to make sure the leg is beyond salvage before giving consent for amputation. All in all, it's a routine trauma list.

This is Kandahar, in the Taliban heartland of southern Afghanistan, and home for a three month mission working as an anaesthetist for the British Red Cross. The hospital is supported by the International Committee of the Red Cross, which has a mandate to provide humanitarian aid in areas of conflict. The emblem is displayed prominently at the entrance alongside two notices, one prohibiting weapons within the building, the other a reminder not to spit on the floor.

The Taliban arose from refugee camps in neighbouring Pakistan and Iran, and have swept north to control most of the country. Their imposition of religious law—sharia—is brutally strict, and has been widely reported in the …
909 LOWER MONOCYTE HLA-DR AND CD86 BUT MAINTAINED HLA-DQ. AND HIGHER CD80 EXPRESSION IN PARACETAMOL-INDUCED-ACUTE-LIVER-FAILURE: A PHENOTYPIC SWITCH TO INHIBITORY ANTIGEN PRESENTATION
Authors: R.D. Abeles, C.G. Antoniades, M.S. Longhi, N.J. Taylor, D.L. Shawcross, W. Bernal, G. Auzinger, J.A. Wendon, D. Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Nav1.8 channels in ganglionated plexi modulate atrial fibrillation inducibility
Authors: Baozhen Qi, Yong Wei, Songwen Chen, Genqing Zhou, Hongli Li, Juan Xu, Yu Ding, Xiaofeng Lu, Liqun Zhao, Feng Zhang, Gang Chen, Jing Zhao, Shaowen Liu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Emerging evidences indicate that SCN10A/NaV1.8 is associated with cardiac conduction and atrial fibrillation, but the exact role of NaV1.8 in cardiac electrophysiology remains poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of blocking NaV1.8 channels in cardiac ganglionated plexi (GP) on modulating cardiac conduction and atrial fibrillation inducibility in the canine model.Thirteen mongrel dogs were randomly enrolled. Right cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was applied to determine its effects on the sinus rate, ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation, PR interval, atrial effective refractory period, and the cumulative window of vulnerability. The NaV1.8 blocker A-803467 (1 μmol/0.5 mL per GP, n = 7) or 5% DMSO/95% polyethylene glycol (0.5 mL per GP, n = 6, control) was injected into the anterior right GP and the inferior right GP. The effects of VNS on the sinus rate, ventricular rate, PR interval, atrial effective refractory period, and the cumulative window of vulnerability were significantly eliminated at 10, 35, and 90 min after A-803467 injection. In separate experiments (n = 8), A-803467 blunted the slowing of sinus rate with increasing stimulation voltage of the anterior right GP at 10 min after local injection.Blockade of NaV1.8 channels suppresses the effects of VNS on cardiac conduction and atrial fibrillation inducibility, most likely by inhibiting the neural activity of the cardiac GP.