tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia: a disease distinct from abetalipoproproteinemia at the molecular level.
Authors: R S Ross, R E Gregg, S W Law, J C Monge, S M Grant, K Higuchi, T J Triche, J Jefferson, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

apoB DNA, RNA, and protein from two patients with homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL) were evaluated and compared with normal individuals. Southern blot analysis with 10 different cDNA probes revealed a normal gene without major insertions, deletions, or rearrangements. Northern and slot blot analyses of total liver mRNA from HBL patients documented a normal size apoB mRNA that was present in greatly reduced quantities. ApoB protein was detected within HBL hepatocytes utilizing immunohistochemical techniques; however, it was markedly reduced in quantity when compared with control samples. No apoB was detectable in the plasma of HBL individuals with an ELISA assay. These data are most consistent with a mutation in the coding portion of the apoB gene in HBL patients, leading to an abnormal apoB protein and apoB mRNA instability. These results are distinct from those previously noted in abetalipoproteinemia, which was characterized by an elevated level of hepatic apoB mRNA and accumulation of intracellular hepatic apoB protein.
Self-Monitoring of Capillary Blood Glucose: Changing the Performance of Individuals with Diabetes
Authors: Roger S Mazze, Rosemarie Pasmantier, Jo Ann Murphy, Harry Shamoon
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Standard reflectance meters were modified by the addition of memory chips capable of storing 440 glucose determinations with corresponding time and date. These modified reflectance meters (MR) were given to 20 individuals with type I diabetes in an effort to determine the level of reliability and accuracy they could achieve on a self-monitoring regimen. During a 6-wk period these subjects measured their capillary blood glucose and recorded the results in a logbook (LB). At 2-wk intervals they visited the clinic. Data from the MR was offloaded onto an Apple IIe microcomputer (Apple Computer, Inc., Cupertino, California) and presented to the subjects in a graphic format, depicting the level of metabolic control over the previous 2 wk. The performance of subjects for the 6-wk period showed that they averaged 7 omissions from the LB for every 100 MR recordings; 1 added value in the LB for every 200 MR recordings; and 1 error in accurately copying the test value for every 100 determinations. In comparison with subjects who participated in an earlier study in which they were unaware of the memory function of the reflectance meter, performance during the current study improved in all categories. It was also observed that consistency in reliable and accurate record keeping did not diminish throughout the study period. Despite these positive changes in performance, no alteration in glycemic control was found.
Echocardiographic evaluation of posterior left ventricular wall motion in muscular dystrophy.
Authors: R B Kovick, A M Fogelman, A D Abbasi, J B Peter, M L Pearce
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Maximal systolic endocardial velocity (SEVM) and maximal diastolic endocardial velocity (DEVM) were determined echocardiographically in patients with muscular dystrophy (MD). The SEVM of the muscular dystrophy patients was 5.5 +/- 0.9 cm/sec and the DEVM was 13 +/- 3 cm/sec. The SEVM in MD was significantly less than that seen in age-matched normals (P less than 0.05), persons with myotonia congenita (P less than 0.02), deconditioned patients (P less than 0.001), or older normal persons (P less than 0.05). The Sevm of the MD patients was not significantly different from persons with spinal muscular atrophy. The DEVM of the muscular dystrophy patients was significantly less (P less than 0.001-0.05) than any other group. No correlation could be found between age, heart rate, type or severity of dystrophy and SEVM or DEVM values. The echocardiogram was more selective in correctly identigying muscular dystrophy patients than the electrocardiogram. The abnormality in DEVM was present despite lack of symptoms, normal cardiovascular examination, normal chest X-ray and normal electrocardiograms in 18 of 22 patients. We believe that the DEVM correlates with myocardial relaxation.
Genome sequence and genetic diversity of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Peng Xu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xumin Wang, Jiongtang Li, Guiming Liu, Youyi Kuang, Jian Xu, Xianhu Zheng, Lufeng Ren, Guoliang Wang, Yan Zhang, Linhe Huo, Zixia Zhao, Dingchen Cao, Cuiyun Lu, Chao Li, Yi Zhou, Zhanjiang Liu, Zhonghua Fan, Guangle Shan, Xingang Li, Shuangxiu Wu, Lipu Song, Guangyuan Hou, Yanliang Jiang, Zsigmond Jeney, Dan Yu, Li Wang, Changjun Shao, Lai Song, Jing Sun, Peifeng Ji, Jian Wang, Qiang Li, Liming Xu, Fanyue Sun, Jianxin Feng, Chenghui Wang, Shaolin Wang, Baosen Wang, Yan Li, Yaping Zhu, Wei Xue, Lan Zhao, Jintu Wang, Ying Gu, Weihua Lv, Kejing Wu, Jingfa Xiao, Jiayan Wu, Zhang Zhang, Jun Yu, Xiaowen Sun
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)

Xiaowen Sun and colleagues report the whole-genome sequencing of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. They also resequenced 33 representative accessions from a worldwide collection and provide insights into population structure and evolution. The common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is one of the most important cyprinid species and globally accounts for 10% of freshwater aquaculture production. Here we present a draft genome of domesticated C. carpio (strain Songpu), whose current assembly contains 52,610 protein-coding genes and approximately 92.3% coverage of its paleotetraploidized genome (2n = 100). The latest round of whole-genome duplication has been estimated to have occurred approximately 8.2 million years ago. Genome resequencing of 33 representative individuals from worldwide populations demonstrates a single origin for C. carpio in 2 subspecies (C. carpio Haematopterus and C. carpio carpio). Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses were used to identify loci potentially associated with traits including scaling patterns and skin color. In combination with the high-resolution genetic map, the draft genome paves the way for better molecular studies and improved genome-assisted breeding of C. carpio and other closely related species.
Mixed Venous Oxygen Tension and Hyperlactatemia
Authors: Paul Kasnitz
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Mixed venous oxygen tension (PVo2), cardiac output (Q), and arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) were measured in 20 patients with severe cardiac or pulmonary disease or both to determine which of these variables would best predict hyperlactatemia and survival. There was no correlation between Pao2 and either hyperlactatemia or survival, possibly because all oxygen tensions were greater than 40 mm Hg. There was a good correlation between Q and both hyperlactatemia and survival, and a slightly better correlation between PVo2 and both hyperlactatemia and survival. Mixed venous oxygen tension, a reflection of both Pao2 and Q, was a better predictor of hyperlactatemia and death than either arterial Pao2 or Q alone. It is also more easily measured and, therefore, more clinically useful than either Q, as a predictor of anaerobiosis and survival, or blood lactate concentration, as a predictor of survival. A mixed venous oxygen tension below 28 mm Hg was usually associated with hyperlactatemia and was always associated with death.
Clofibrate-induced gene expression changes in rat liver: a cross-laboratory analysis using membrane cDNA arrays.
Authors: Valerie A Baker, Helen M Harries, Jeff F Waring, Colette M Duggan, Hong A Ni, Robert A Jolly, Lawrence W Yoon, Angus T De Souza, Judith E Schmid, Roger H Brown, Roger G Ulrich, John C Rockett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Microarrays have the potential to significantly impact our ability to identify toxic hazards by the identification of mechanistically relevant markers of toxicity. To be useful for risk assessment, however, microarray data must be challenged to determine reliability and interlaboratory reproducibility. As part of a series of studies conducted by the International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Science Institute Technical Committee on the Application of Genomics to Mechanism-Based Risk Assessment, the biological response in rats to the hepatotoxin clofibrate was investigated. Animals were treated with high (250 mg/kg/day) or low (25 mg/kg/day) doses for 1, 3, or 7 days in two laboratories. Clinical chemistry parameters were measured, livers removed for histopathological assessment, and gene expression analysis was conducted using cDNA arrays. Expression changes in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (e.g., acyl-CoA oxidase), cell proliferation (e.g., topoisomerase II-Alpha), and fatty acid oxidation (e.g., cytochrome P450 4A1), consistent with the mechanism of clofibrate hepatotoxicity, were detected. Observed differences in gene expression levels correlated with the level of biological response induced in the two in vivo studies. Generally, there was a high level of concordance between the gene expression profiles generated from pooled and individual RNA samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm modulations for a number of peroxisome proliferator marker genes. Though the results indicate some variability in the quantitative nature of the microarray data, this appears due largely to differences in experimental and data analysis procedures used within each laboratory. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential for gene expression profiling to identify toxic hazards by the identification of mechanistically relevant markers of toxicity.
I'm Sorry Mrs Jones, but You Don't Have Hypertension
Authors: William J. Mroczek
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The noble intentions and conclusions of the study reported by Glass et al in this issue ofThe Journal(p 1973) may be a source of annoyance to physicians who might be called on to evaluate increasing numbers of cases referred by emergency physicians for evaluation of hypertension. In many of these patients, subsequent blood pressure (BP) determinations will be normal. This view is based on a community screening program reported by other authors in which only 56% of persons originally determined to be hypertensive had verified BP elevations on a second determination. 1 Although the study by Glass et al used more conservative criterions for labeling patients as hypertensive (diastolic BPs of 20 mm Hg or more above the norm), it is to be expected that at least some of these patients will not have sustained hypertension.  During the stressful circumstances surrounding a visit to the emergency department, certain
Intravenous treatment with rimiterol and salbutamol in asthma.
Authors: G E Marlin, P Turner
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The bronchodilating efficacies and beta2-adrenoceptor selectivities of rimiterol (0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 mug kg-minus1 min-minus1) and sal-utamol (0.1, 0.5, and 0.025 mug kg-minus1 min-minus1), intravenously infused for one hour, were determined in five patients with chronic asthma. Each drug infusion produced and maintained a dose-related improvement in forced expiratory volune in one second (FEV1). A further increase in FEV1 was produced by inhalation of the same drug by pressurized aerosol at the end of each infusion, which suggested that no resistance had occurred. Similar dose-related increases in heart rate, pulse pressure, and skeletal muscular tremor were produced by each drug. Peak heart rate increases varied greatly between individuals, ranging from 12 to 30 beats/min with the high doses but always less than 10 beats/min with the low doses of each drug. On rimiterol the heart rate reached equilibrium earlier during the infusions and declined more rapidly after they had stopped, thus providing an accurate means for monitoring dosage. Rimeterol with its short half life-a desirable property for an intravenous drug with respect to safety-may prove to be a valuable bronchodilator in severe asthma when intravenous infusions are indicated.
Abstract 4489: Targeting cancer cells and antitumor effects of brucine immunonanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Jianmin Qin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: In vitro and in vivo studies have showed that brucine can inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells and animals with bearing cancer , and may be a promising anti-cancer drugs. However, high toxicity, poor water solubility, short half-life, narrow therapeutic window, close therapeutic and toxic dose limit its clinical application in malignant tumor treatment. In this study, we report on the preparation , in vivo distribution and antitumor effect of the brucine immuno-nanoparticles. Methods: Anionic polymerization and chemical modification technology was used to prepare carboxylated polyethylene glycol-poly lactic acid copolymer carrier material, phacoemulsification technology was employed to prepare carboxylated polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid copolymer brucine nanoparticles and chemical coupling technology was utilized to develop anti-human AFP McAb-polyethylene glycol-poly lactic acid copolymer brucine immuno-nanoparticles. The nude mice in situ transplanted liver cancer model was established by surgical technique, and the brucine immuno-nanoparcitles was injected by caudal vein at indicated time. The liver and kidney function and AFP level were assayed , and the anti-tumor effect was observed after intravenous administration of the brucine immuno-nanoparticles. Results:This results showed that in vivo application of brucine immuno-nanoparticles caused temporary liver and kidney functions damage and significantly reduced AFP secretion. Brucine immuno-nanoparticles had good slow releasing and tumor targeting properties. The brucine immuno-nanoparticles inhibited CD34 expression and angiogenesis of tumor tissues, induced tumor apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: The brucine immuno-nanoparticles has good tumor targeting and obvious anti-tumor effects , and is a promising targeted drug for liver cancer therapy in the future. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jianmin Qin. Targeting cancer cells and antitumor effects of brucine immunonanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4489. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4489
GELATIN—ITS USEFULNESS AND TOXICITY
Authors: F. S. Robscheit-Robbins, L. L. Miller, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

Gelatin given by vein to doubly depleted dogs (anemic and hypoproteinemic) gives no immediate toxic response, no anaphylactoid reactions, and may contribute something to the building of new hemoglobin and plasma protein. Gelatin given by vein during 1 to 2 weeks (total 3 to 17 gm. per kilo) usually causes serious disturbances—inhibition of blood protein production, signs of intoxication, much weight loss, and even death. Gelatin given by vein for 2 to 3 days (total 1 to 3 gm. per kilo) may not cause any recognizable abnormalities, but dogs vary greatly in their response to gelatin by vein. Some dogs may tolerate a total of 7 gm. per kilo without significant disturbance and other dogs may be seriously intoxicated by 2 to 3 gm. per kilo. No one can predict which animal will be least tolerant. Some experiments with gelatin by vein for 2 to 3 days (total gelatin 1 to 2 gm. per kilo) given with and followed by amino acids or casein digests do show absence of intoxication and ample production of new hemoglobin and plasma protein during the weeks following the injection of gelatin. This may suggest possible usefulness of gelatin with amino acids or casein digests in acute emergencies (shock, hemorrhage). These doubly depleted dogs are very susceptible to various injurious agents as compared to normal dogs. They may serve as sensitive testing machines for evaluating plasma substitutes. Where the gelatin by vein inflicts its damage is not clear and there is little if any significant histological evidence but the disturbance of blood protein production implicates the liver. Gelatin of smaller molecular weight (degraded by autoclaving) is no less toxic than the standard gelatin. Gelatin by mouth may contribute to but cannot alone support the production of new hemoglobin and plasma protein. Gelatin by vein has definite limitations in dogs and, by implication, when used in human cases the amount given should be very carefully watched.
Reporting AIDS in New York City
Authors: Perry F. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —The large study by Greenberg et al 1 on the completeness of reporting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in New York City provides important information on the adequacy of AIDS surveillance, but may be misleading regarding reporting by physicians. Using data from five projects, Greenberg et al estimated that overall reporting was 84% complete. However, the completeness of reporting of hospitalized cases by four hospitals (87%) was nearly identical to reporting by 14 private physicians' offices (88%). We suspect that biases in the study resulted in both an underestimate of hospital reporting and an overestimate of physician reporting.  Evidence that hospital reporting was underestimated comes from a study that we conducted in Upstate New York (New York State excluding New York City), where surveillance is conducted in a fashion nearly identical to that in New York City. We assessed the completeness of AIDS reporting in a population-based sample
Effect of propranolol on portosystemic collateral circulation in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Stefano Gaiani, Luigi Bolondi, Daphna Fenyves, Gianni Zironi, Alessandra Rigamonti, Luigi Barbara
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Propranolol has been demonstrated to be effective in lowering portal pressure in cirrhotic patients. This effect is mediated by a reduction of splanchnic arterial inflow and a consequent decrease of portal vein and portocollateral blood flow. Although experimental studies suggest a direct effect of the drug on portocollateral circulation, little information exists about relative flow changes occurring in the portal vein and in collateral veins feeding esophageal varices. This study addressed the problem in 12 cirrhotic patients selected on the basis of feasibility of Doppler flowmetry in both the portal and left gastric veins. Caliber, flow velocity and flow volume in both vessels were measured by Doppler ultrasound before and at 60, 120 and 180 min after an oral dose of 40 mg propranolol, together with heart rate and mean arterial pressure. A significant decrease in heart rate (-17.6% +/- 1.1%, p less than 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (-10.6% +/- 0.9%, p less than 0.005) confirmed effective beta-blockade. Baseline flow velocity was significantly lower in the portal vein than in the left gastric vein (12.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 15.4 +/- 1.5 cm/sec, p less than 0.05). Maximal hemodynamic effect was reached at 120 min after administration of propranolol. The vessel caliber did not change significantly. Flow velocity fell from 12.4 +/- 0.6 to 10.4 +/- 0.7 cm/sec in the portal vein (p less than 0.05) and from 15.4 +/- 1.5 to 11.1 +/- 0.9 cm/sec in the left gastric vein (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Texas Children from Birth through 12 Years of Age
Authors: Arnold Schecter, Noor Malik-Bass, Antonia M. Calafat, Kayoko Kato, Justin A. Colacino, Tyra L. Gent, Linda S. Hynan, T. Robert Harris, Sunitha Malla, Linda Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

For > 50 years, polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) have been used worldwide, mainly as surfactants and emulsifiers, and human exposure to some PFCs is widespread.Our goal was to report PFC serum concentrations from a convenience sample of Dallas, Texas, children from birth to < 13 years of age, and to examine age and sex differences in PFC concentrations.We analyzed 300 serum samples collected in 2009 for eight PFCs by online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution-tandem mass spectrometry.Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in > 92% of participants; the other PFCs measured were detected less frequently. Overall median concentrations of PFOS (4.1 ng/mL) were higher than those for PFOA (2.85 ng/mL), PFNA (1.2 ng/mL), and PFHxS (1.2 ng/mL). For PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS, we found no significant differences (p < 0.05) by sex, significantly increasing concentrations for all four chemicals by age, and significantly positive correlations between all four compounds.We found no significant differences in the serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS by sex, but increasing concentrations with age. Our results suggest that these 300 Texas children from birth through 12 years of age continued to be exposed to several PFCs in late 2009, years after changes in production of some PFCs in the United States.
Microglia as Dynamic and Essential Components of the Amyloid Hypothesis
Authors: Sam Gandy, Frank L. Heppner
Journal: Neuron (2013)

In this issue of Neuron, Griciuc et al. (2013) investigate the Alzheimer's disease risk gene, CD33. AD brains have increased CD33 and CD33-positive microglia. Mice lacking CD33 have less AD pathology suggesting a role of microglia for Aβ clearance and development of future therapies.
Prefer diazepam for initial control of pre-eclampsic fits
Authors: R. Fox, T. Draycott
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--James P Neilson1 draws attention to data from a recent trial comparing three anticonvulsant regimens for women with eclampsia.2 He suggests that magnesium sulphate is the drug of choice, its main advantage being the lower rate of recurrent convulsions. He makes no distinction, however, between the …