tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leptin’s effect on puberty in mice is relayed by the ventral premammillary nucleus and does not require signaling in Kiss1 neurons
Authors: Jose Donato, Roberta M. Cravo, Renata Frazão, Laurent Gautron, Michael M. Scott, Jennifer Lachey, Inar A. Castro, Lisandra O. Margatho, Syann Lee, Charlotte Lee, James A. Richardson, Jeffrey Friedman, Streamson Chua, Roberto Coppari, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Joel K. Elmquist, Carol F. Elias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Studies in humans and rodents indicate that a minimum amount of stored energy is required for normal pubertal development. The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a key metabolic signal to the neuroendocrine reproductive axis. Humans and mice lacking leptin or the leptin receptor (LepR) (ob/ob and db/db mice, respectively) are infertile and fail to enter puberty. Leptin administration to leptin-deficient subjects and ob/ob mice induces puberty and restores fertility, but the exact site or sites of leptin action are unclear. Here, we found that genetic deletion of LepR selectively from hypothalamic Kiss1 neurons in mice had no effect on puberty or fertility, indicating that direct leptin signaling in Kiss1 neurons is not required for these processes. However, bilateral lesions of the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV) of ob/ob mice blunted the ability of exogenous leptin to induce sexual maturation. Moreover, unilateral reexpression of endogenous LepR in PMV neurons was sufficient to induce puberty and improve fertility in female LepR-null mice. This LepR reexpression also normalized the increased hypothalamic GnRH content characteristic of leptin-signaling deficiency. These data suggest that the PMV is a key site for leptin’s permissive action at the onset of puberty and support the hypothesis that the multiple actions of leptin to control metabolism and reproduction are anatomically dissociated.
UV-sensitive syndrome protein UVSSA recruits USP7 to regulate transcription-coupled repair
Authors: Petra Schwertman, Anna Lagarou, Dick H W Dekkers, Anja Raams, Adriana C van der Hoek, Charlie Laffeber, Jan H J Hoeijmakers, Jeroen A A Demmers, Maria Fousteri, Wim Vermeulen, Jurgen A Marteijn
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Inhibins and activins in human ovulation, conception and pregnancy
Authors: G. Lockwood
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

The activins and inhibins are glycoproteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, and, as such, have diverse effects at many stages during growth and development. Originally identified by their effects on follicle stimulating hormone in males and females, the recent development of specific and sensitive assays for this group of polypeptides has permitted the elucidation of their role in 'fine-tuning' the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review article focuses on the roles of inhibin and activin in female reproductive physiology with reference to possible future clinical applications in the investigation of infertility and abnormal pregnancy.
Testing strategies for diagnosing lupus anticoagulant: Decision analysis
Authors: Jodi B. Segal, Harold P. Lehmann, Michelle Petri, Lori Mueller, Thomas S. Kickler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Clinicians commonly evaluate patients with thrombosis or a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) for the presence of a lupus anticoagulant (LA). We evaluated strategies for detecting LA, in three clinical settings, with decision‐modeling techniques. A decision tree was constructed with 12 strategies, using a combination of aPTT and dilute Russell viper venom times (dRVVT) with confirmatory tests, tissue thromboplastin time (TTI), platelet neutralization procedures, and mixing studies. Probabilities and costs of adverse events and test costs were obtained from the literature. Patient preference for each strategy was evaluated by assigning utilities to each outcome. On the basis of assay results in 90 healthy people and 77 patients, we calculated sensitivities and specificities for each strategy, with true positives defined as suggested by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The least costly strategy for evaluation of patients with a prolonged aPTT, or with thrombosis, is not to test and to assume that LA is absent. For patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is least expensive not to test, although testing with TTI alone can also be considered an efficient strategy. The strategy of highest utility to patients with SLE is testing with TTI, followed by dRVVT. On the basis of these cost and utility results, clinicians' strategies for detecting LA may need modification. These strategies would then optimally be tested in clinical trials. Am. J. Hematol. 70:195–205, 2002. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liaison Psychiatry as a Systems Approach to Behavior
Authors: Chase Patterson Kimball
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

In this overview, the psychosomatic theory is discussed from an evolutionary perspective. From its initial concern with relationship between emotions and physiology through psychopathology and anatomo-physio-pathology to socio-psycho-pathophysiology, psychosomatic medicine and its theory is presently viewed as an empiric science utilizing a number of conceptual approaches derived from developmental psychology, classical psychiatry, physiology, sociology and anthropology. These are applied to the study and care of patients in ambulatory and inpatient settings, which are the arenas of the consultation-liaison activity and may be viewed as the clinical laboratories of psychosomatic medicine. In these laboratories, a new language has developed which is largely phenomenological and which attempts to utilize theoretical concepts from several disciplines in explaining the illness illness phenomenon in the present. As such, the practitioner of Liaison Psychiatry is a general systems analyst who analyzes the illness situation of the patient and his attendants in an attempt to decipher the identified problem, explaining it by utilizing selected theoretical concepts from the basic sciences of behavior. Psychosomatic theory is seen as an evolving and bridging science attempting to integrate and combine particulate theory into a more comprehensive synthesis.
Celebrating 40 Years of the Double Helix
Authors: William W. McLendon
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This issue ofThe Journalis a celebration of the 40th anniversary of the publication in the April 25 and May 30,1953, issues of<i>Nature</i>of two short articles by James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick.<sup>1,2</sup>The first proposed "a radically different structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid" (DNA) and concluded with the statement, "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing [of the purine and pyrimidine bases] we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material." In the second article they expand on the "genetical implications" of their proposed double helix structure for DNA. While they recognized that many details remained to be discovered, they suggested that the double helix could answer one of the fundamental questions of biology: that is, what happens at the molecular level to provide a template for the accurate replication of genetic information
Munchausen's May Occur in Younger Persons
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

FIRST DESCRIBED 36 years ago (<i>Lancet</i>1951;1:339-341), Munchausen's syndrome has been considered a rare psychiatric aberration occurring predominantly in adult men in their late 30s. However, evidence presented at the Society for Adolescent Medicine meeting in Seattle suggests that, in fact, the syndrome may be much more common, occur at a much earlier age, and have its origin in childhood abuse or neglect. Ed Tyson, MD, and Dennis Fortenberry, MD, of the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, were introduced to Munchausen's syndrome in the way that many other clinicians have been: by encountering a patient with a long history of hospital admissions for numerous unrelated disorders. In this case, the patient was a 19-year-old woman who, over a three-year period, had seen 31 physicians in 12 specialties, been hospitalized 15 times for 154 days, and undergone 38 radiological procedures and 182 laboratory tests for a variety of
Screening for Alcohol Abuse Using CAGE Scores and Likelihood Ratios
Authors: David G. Buchsbaum, Robin G. Buchanan, Robert M. Centor, Sidney H. Schnoll, Marcia J. Lawton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To assess the performance of the CAGE (acronym referring to four questions, see below) questionnaire in discriminating between medicine outpatients with and without an alcohol abuse or dependence disorder. Design: A cross-sectional design of a sample of consecutive patients who received both the alcohol module of the diagnostic interview schedule and the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) screening questionnaire. Setting: The outpatient medical practice of an urban university teaching hospital. Patients: All patients 18 years or older who signed a consent form approved by the university's institutional review board. Measurement: Calculation of the sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and likelihood ratio for CAGE scores of 0 to 4. Results: Thirty-six percent of the sample group met criteria for a history of alcohol abuse or dependence. A CAGE score of 2 or more was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 91%. The calculated area under the ROC curve was 0.89, whereas the likelihood ratios for CAGE scores of 0 to 4 were 0.14, 1.5, 4.5, 13, and 100, respectively. These ratios were associated with posterior probabilities for an abuse or dependence disorder of 7%, 46%, 72%, 88%, and 98%, respectively. Conclusion: Clinicians can improve their ability to estimate a patient's risk for an alcohol abuse or dependence disorder using likelihood ratios for CAGE scores.
Red tape is stifling research, charity says
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Patients with cancer are dying because bureaucracy is stifling research, the charity Cancer Research UK said last week. The charity said it now takes five times longer than in the early 1990s to get a breast or bowel cancer drug into trials.

Richard Sullivan, Cancer Research UK's head of clinical programmes, said that the number of regulations has increased 40-fold in the past decade. Speaking at the British Association festival of science at the University of Salford, he said that 44 new sets of regulations have been introduced in less than 10 …
Detection of Localized Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects in Glaucoma Using Enhanced Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Masayuki Nukada, Masanori Hangai, Satoshi Mori, Noriko Nakano, Hideo Nakanishi, Hanako Ohashi-Ikeda, Atsushi Nonaka, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Macrophage Models of Gaucher Disease for Evaluating Disease Pathogenesis and Candidate Drugs
Authors: Elma Aflaki, Barbara K. Stubblefield, Emerson Maniwang, Grisel Lopez, Nima Moaven, Ehud Goldin, Juan Marugan, Samarjit Patnaik, Amalia Dutra, Noel Southall, Wei Zheng, Nahid Tayebi, Ellen Sidransky
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Macrophages differentiated from monocytes or induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with Gaucher disease facilitate investigation of disease pathogenesis and validation of new candidate drugs.
Limb-Lengthening Technique Increasingly Used
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A LIMB-LENGTHENING technique, originally developed in the Soviet Union, is beginning to be more widely used in the United States. Known as the Ilizarov technique from the name of its developer, Gavril Ilizarov, MD, it has added as many as 25 cm (10 in) of new bone in patients with bone injuries, infections, or congenital defects. Dror Paley, MD, associate professor of orthopedic surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, who went to Kurgan in Siberia—where Ilizarov practices—to learn the procedure, estimates that in the United States some 200 hospitals are probably doing 3000 of these procedures per year; about 1000 cases involve fresh trauma. <h3>Variety of Approaches</h3> The technique employs an external frame of extendable vertical bars held around the limb by two or three rings to which are attached Kirschner wires. These transfix the bone and are kept under tension. Like an erector set, the frame can
The Use of the Lead-Field Concept in the Development of Leads Satisfactory for Vectorcardiography. I. The Sagittal Lead
Authors: ERNEST W. REYNOLDS, JEROME F. CORDES, PARK W. WILLIS, FRANKLIN D. JOHNSTON
Journal: Circulation (1956)

After a brief discussion of the lead field concept and an illustration of its application using a Teledeltos paper model, studies carried out on patients, employing multiple electrode or grid arrangements located over the precordium and the left posterior chest, to obtain the sagittal component of cardiac electromotive forces (e.m.f.'s), are described. On the basis of these observations, a minimum of 15 properly arranged and connected electrodes should be employed in the anterior electrode system but fewer will be needed posteriorly. A scheme, using 63 electrodes mounted in sponge rubber, has been devised to simplify the grid arrangement.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Left Ventricular Versus Simultaneous Biventricular Pacing in Patients With Heart Failure and a QRS Complex &gt;120 Milliseconds”
Authors: Bernard Thibault, Anique Ducharme, François Harel, Michel White, Eileen O'Meara, Joel Lavoie, Marc Dubuc, Peter Guerra, Laurent Macle, Léna Rivard, Denis Roy, Mario Talajic, Paul Khairy, Marie-Claude Guertin, Nancy Frasure-Smith
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Pacing in Patients With Heart Failure and a QRS Complex >120 Milliseconds"We thank Drs Van Gelder and Bracke for their interest in our study 1 and for raising thoughtful points of discussion.Indeed, Evaluation of Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure (GREATER-EARTH)'s randomized and blinded crossover design provided a unique opportunity to assess whether those who did not respond to one strategy did benefit from the alternative strategy.To our knowledge, ours is the first study to report that some who did not respond to biventricular pacing respond favorably when crossed over to left ventricular pacing.This provocative observation currently is being explored to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms and associated clinical features.Interestingly, Gage et al 2 since have reported consistent findings and likewise have suggested that left ventricular-only pacing may be considered in patients who do not respond to conventional biventricular cardiac resynchronization therapy.In the absence of clear evidence-based recommendations or a widely accepted general consensus, optimal programming for cardiac resynchronization therapy remains controversial and the subject of ongoing research.Within this context, Drs Van Gelder and Bracke hypothesize that a different programming algorithm that includes a longer atrioventricular delay adjusted during exercise and, perhaps most contentiously, ventriculo-ventricular optimization, may have yielded different results.Our data cannot confirm or refute this speculation.The important studies cited by Drs Van Gelder and Bracke, published well after the initiation of GREATER-EARTH, generate hypotheses by demonstrating associations between atrioventricular delays and surrogate outcomes (ie, echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters).The relevance of these findings with respect to clinical outcomes remains to be demonstrated.The comments by Drs Van Gelder and Bracke underscore the importance of rigorously testing hypotheses, including specific programming schemes, in well-designed clinical trials.Nevertheless, it is worth noting that 2 recent meta-analyses that included studies with a variety of nonuniform programming methods consistently concluded that, on the whole, left ventricular-only pacing is not superior to biventricular pacing. 3,
A Case of Extreme Exomphalos
Authors: R. F. Hendtlass
Journal: BMJ (1943)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MEDRITI JOURNAL47Fortunately, mepacrine pigmentation scarcely ever tints the conjunctivae, so that differential diagnosis is easy.The dosage of pamaquin was 0.01 g. t.d.s. for 3 to 5 days.It was given alone subsequent to the routine course.All patients received adequate therapeutic doses of iron.ln a few who were seriously ill on admission, including the cerebral.-malariacase, intramuscular quinine was injected with
Xestospongins: Potent Membrane Permeable Blockers of the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor
Authors: Juliette Gafni, Julia A Munsch, Tien H Lam, Michelle C Catlin, Lucio G Costa, Tadeusz F Molinski, Isaac N Pessah
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Perinephric Abscess Radiologically Mimicking Dilated Bowel
Authors: Delbert C. Rudy
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>History</h3> A 45-year-old diabetic woman had the acute onset of fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, right flank pain, and dysuria. She was admitted to the referring hospital with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and gram-negative shock. She was resuscitated with intravenous (IV) fluids, a continuous insulin infusion (insulin zinc suspension), and parenteral antibiotics. A right pleural effusion subsequently developed, and multiple thoracenteses were nondiagnostic. The right kidney could not be visualized in an IV pyelogram. She was transferred to the University of New Mexico Hospital because of persistent fever after two weeks of antibiotic therapy. A plain film of the abdomen demonstrated a localized collection of gas, with an air-fluid level in the upper right quadrant suggesting dilation of the hepatic flexure of the colon or a dilated loop of small bowel (Fig 1). No calcifications were detected. Shortly after admission, a right retrograde pyelogram showed a distorted collecting system,
Measurement of Psychological Distress and Well-Being
Authors: P. Bech
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Psychological distress and well-being are important aspects of quality of life measurements in psychosomatic medicine. The concept of improvement in medicine refers to a clinical distance along which the current state of the patient is compared to the pretreatment position. Quality of life covers, however, more than one distance or dimension in this respect; e.g. well-being, side effects of treatment, and psychosocial stressors. The psychometric aspects of these dimensions are analysed with reference to nomothetic and idiographic methods. The nomothetic approach is the selection of the most unbiased scale tailored to the disorder under investigation. The idiographic approach is the construction of a hermeneutical or meaningful scale for the individual patient. For both methods the clinical improvement index is the most appropriate statistic.
EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON LONG-TERM MORTALITY AFTER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: M. Fuad Jan, Abdul-Moiz Hafiz, Naoyo Mori, Angela Schlemm, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir Bajwa, Anthony C. DeFranco, Suhail Allaqaband
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Costs, Outcomes, and Patient Satisfaction by Provider Type for Patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Critical Review of the Literature and Proposed Methodologic Standards
Authors: Daniel H. Solomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of care provided by generalists with that provided by specialists for patients with musculoskeletal and rheumatic conditions. Data Sources: English-language studies published between 1966 and April 1996 were identified through a MEDLINE search. Study Selection: Studies that compared generalists' and specialists' treatment preferences, appropriateness of care, or outcomes with regard to musculoskeletal and rheumatic conditions were examined. Data Extraction: Studies were reviewed for methodologic rigor and outcomes. Data Synthesis: Low back pain is treated by many types of providers, without consistent differences in outcomes across provider types. In one study, however, patients were more satisfied with chiropractic care than with care provided by primary care physicians, although the former cost twice as much as the latter. For osteoarthritis of the hip, rheumatologists and primary care providers reported using different therapeutic regimens. For acute mono- and oligoarthritis, rheumatologists performed arthrocentesis more appropriately than nonrheumatologists and produced shorter durations of hospitalization. In the management of gout, rheumatologists used colchicine during the introduction of urate-lowering therapy more appropriately than other providers. In two population-based cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, patients cared for by rheumatologists were prescribed significantly more disease-modifying agents and had less disability than patients cared for by generalists. Conclusions: Although empirical data are scant, there seem to be differences between generalists and specialists for a range of outcomes in various musculoskeletal and rheumatic conditions. Studies to date have important methodologic limitations that need to be addressed in future research.
Respiratory toxicity of copper.
Authors: A Romeu-Moreno, C Aguilar, L Arola, A Mas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Respiratory toxicity of copper was tested in Wistar rats by spraying copper sulfate (330 g/l spray) for daily periods of 1 hr in a self-contained chamber for up to 10 days. The respiratory toxicity was compared with that from intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg Cu/mg body weight and with adequate control rats. Analysis of tissue Cu and Zn was done in lung, liver, kidney, and plasma by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Similar organ and subcellular distribution of both elements were found between the two treated groups, and only statistically significant higher levels of Cu were found in plasma and liver. After exposure, Cu and Zn were basically associated with a low-molecular-weight component, which eluted as metallothionein in the postmicrosomal fractions.