tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Exercise on Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels Seen With Changes in Body Weight
Authors: Zung Vu Tran
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Ninety-five studies conducted between September 1955 and October 1983 measuring changes in human serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in response to exercise training were analyzed using meta-analysis. Change in body weight during exercise training may confound observed serum lipid and lipoprotein level changes; thus, data from these studies were partitioned into those where subjects gained body weight, maintained body weight, or lost body weight. Results showed differential changes in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the three body-weight categories. Where body weight did not change, cholesterol and LDL-C levels decreased significantly (7.3 mg/dL and 3.3 mg/dL, respectively). Where body weight decreased, cholesterol and LDL-C levels also decreased significantly (13.2 mg/dL and 11.1 mg/dL, respectively). However, with body-weight increase, cholesterol and LDL-C levels increased by 2.9 mg/dL and 3.0 mg/dL, respectively. These results suggest that reductions in cholesterol and LDL-C levels were greatest when exercise training was combined with body-weight losses.
Value of Health Care Delivery
Authors: Antoine Duclos, Matthew J. Carty
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oral Therapy for Cholera
Authors: DAVID R. NALIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 February 1970Oral Therapy for CholeraDAVID R. NALIN, M.D., RICHARD A. CASH, M.D.DAVID R. NALIN, M.D., RICHARD A. CASH, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-2-288_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the article by Pierce and associates (1) in your June issue, which corroborates our findings of last year on the practical benefits of oral maintenance therapy for cholera (2). We wish to point out that several points presented as speculations in the discussion were previously confirmed in our initial report.First, our studies indicated that the optimum solution for adults contains (mEq/liter) sodium, 120; potassium, 15; carbon dioxide, 48; chloride, 97; and glucose, 110 mm/liter. The solution used by Pierce and associates is low in sodium (100 mEq/liter) and potassium (10 mEq/liter). We...References1. PIERCEBRADLEY SACKMITRA NRR: Replacement of water and electrolyte losses in cholera by an oral glucose-electrolyte solution. Ann Intern Med 70:1173, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar2. NALINCASHISLAM DRR: Oral maintenance therapy for cholera in adults. Lancet August 17:370, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WATTENMORGANSONGKHLA RFY: Water and electrolyte studies in cholera. J Clin Invest 38:1879, 1959 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WATTENPHILLIPS RR: Potassium in the treatment of cholera. Lancet November 5:999, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GRIFFITHFRESHWATTEN LJR: Electrolyte replacement in pediatric cholera. Lancet June 3:1197, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. LINDENBAUMAKBARGORDON JRR: Cholera in children. Lancet May 14:1066, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pakistan-SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory P.O. Box 128 Dacca 2 East Pakistan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIssues and Controversies in the Evolution of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)Oral rehydration and hyponatraemiaMECHANISM FOR CONTROL OF PROLACTIN SECRETIONORAL THERAPY FOR DIARRHŒA 1 February 1970Volume 72, Issue 2Page: 288-289KeywordsCarbon dioxideChloridesCholeraGlucosePotassiumSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Graduate Medical Education and Patient Safety
Authors: Paul F. Griner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters1 May 2007Graduate Medical Education and Patient SafetyPaul F. Griner, MDPaul F. Griner, MDFrom the University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: In their recent Quality Grand Rounds article, Shojania and colleagues (1) described a case in which problems in communication and supervision among and between residents and an attending physician led to the possibly preventable death of an 88-year-old woman with intestinal obstruction. The authors suggested how one might minimize sign-out and handoff problems, reduce tension between service and supervision, and encourage trainees to call for help.The case description noted that a fourth-year medical student offered to insert a nasogastric tube because she wanted to learn how to perform the procedure. Miscommunication between the student and the ...References1. Shojania KG, Fletcher KE, Saint S. Graduate medical education and patient safety: a busy—and occasionally hazardous—intersection. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:592-8. [PMID: 17043341] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Vozenilek J, Huff JS, Reznek M, Gordon JA. See one, do one, teach one: advanced technology in medical education. Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11:1149-54. [PMID: 15528578] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Gorman PJ, Meier AH, Rawn C, Krummel TM. The future of medical education is no longer blood and guts, it is bits and bytes. Am J Surg. 2000;180:353-6. [PMID: 11137686] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Devita MA, Bellomo R, Hillman K, Kellum J, Rotondi A, Teres D, et al. Findings of the first consensus conference on medical emergency teams. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:2463-78. [PMID: 16878033] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul F. Griner, MDAffiliations: From the University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoGraduate Medical Education and Patient Safety: A Busy—and Occasionally Hazardous—Intersection Kaveh G. Shojania , Kathlyn E. Fletcher , and Sanjay Saint Graduate Medical Education and Patient Safety Stephen R. Workman Graduate Medical Education and Patient Safety Kaveh G. Shojania , Kathlyn E. Fletcher , and Sanjay Saint Graduate Medical Education and Patient Safety Matthew N. Fine Metrics Cited byThe Fundamental Need for Relative Value Metrics in Educational Innovation 1 May 2007Volume 146, Issue 9Page: 685-686KeywordsConflicts of interestForecastingGraduate medical educationNursesSafety ePublished: 1 May 2007 Issue Published: 1 May 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3250: Chondroitin sulfate-mediated regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer
Authors: Catherine M. Willis, Michael Klüppel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is among the leading causes of cancer related deaths in women in the U.S. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in breast cancer progression; however, activating mutations in core pathway components are not frequently observed. Molecules that reside in the cellular microenvironment, including glycosaminoglycans, are known to regulate tumor progression. The glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate, as part of proteoglycan molecules, resides at the cell surface or in the extracellular matrix, and has been proposed to regulate the activities of several signaling pathways. We show here that the balance of chondroitin sulfation is a critical regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of the chondroitin sulfotransferase C4ST-1 in vitro can significantly reduce several parameters of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, including Wnt3a-stimulated total β-catenin levels, TOPFLASH reporter activity, and proliferation, suggesting that the specific chondroitin sulfation pattern conferred by C4ST-1 can negatively regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer cells. Interestingly, we show that Wnt3a stimulation increases C4ST-1 mRNA and protein levels, thus forming a negative feedback loop to attenuate Wnt/β-catenin signaling output. Accordingly, treatment with the C4ST-1 product CS-E interferes with Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, LRP6 phosphorylation, β-catenin nuclear localization, and Wnt3a-mediated biological events in vitro. These data identify a novel chondroitin sulfate-based control mechanism for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and provide evidence for a potential therapeutic use of CS-E as an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3250. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3250
Targeting Cyclooxygenase-2 and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for the Prevention and Treatment of Intestinal Cancer
Authors: F. Gregory Buchanan, Vijay Holla, Sharada Katkuri, Pranathi Matta, Raymond N. DuBois
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Clinical and animal studies indicate a role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the development and progression of intestinal polyps and cancers. Although this combination of enzyme inhibition has shown synergy in intestinal polyp and tumor models, the exact mechanism for these effects remains undefined. Therefore, we sought to define the molecular mechanisms through which this process occurs. We observed a significant reduction in the number and size of small intestinal polyps in APCmin+/− mice treated with either celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) or erlotinib (Tarceva, an EGFR inhibitor). However, in combination, there was an overall prevention in the formation of polyps by over 96%. Furthermore, we observed a 70% reduction of colorectal xenograft tumors in mice treated with the combination and microarray analysis revealed genes involved in cell cycle progression were negatively regulated. Although we did not observe significant changes in mRNAs of genes with known apoptotic function, there was a significant increase of apoptosis in tumors from animals treated with the combination. The inhibition of EGFR also induced the down-regulation of COX-2 and further inhibited prostaglandin E2 formation. We observed similar effects on the prevention of intestinal adenomas and reduction of xenograft tumor volume when nonselective COX inhibitors were used in combination with erlotinib. Together, these findings suggest that the inhibition of both COX-2 and EGFR may provide a better therapeutic strategy than either single agent through a combination of decreased cellular proliferation and prostaglandin signaling as well as increased apoptosis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9380–8]
Prognostic significance of p53 and bcl-2 abnormalities in operable non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: J. Laudanski, W. Niklinska, T. Burzykowski, L. Chyczewski, J. Niklinski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The association of p53 abnormalities and bcl-2 protein expression with clinical data and prognosis in 102 patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis of exons 5–8 of the p53 gene showed mutations (p53-M) in 47% of resected NSCLC, serum p53 antibodies (p53-Abs) were detected in 25%, p53 protein overexpression (p53-PE) in 54% and bcl-2 protein overexpression (bcl-2-PE) in 48%. A statistically significant association was found between p53-PE, serum p53-Abs and the presence of a p53 gene alteration. No significant associations were found between results of the p53-M, p53-Abs, bcl-2-PE tests and clinicopathological parameters. In the case of the p53-PE test there were significantly fewer positive results for adenocarcinoma than for squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Survival analysis showed that both p53 abnormalities and negative staining for bcl-2, when analysed separately, were associated with poor overall survival. In a multivariate analysis, only the positive result of the p53-M test remained an independent, statistically significant, unfavourable prognostic factor for survival. When the p53 mutation test was removed from the model, positive results of the p53-PE test and the p53-Abs test became statistically significant, unfavourable prognostic factors. To conclude, among p53 and bcl-2 abnormalities, only p53 gene mutations seem to have a strong and independent effect on prognosis. When deoxyribonucleic acid sequence information is not available, p53 protein expression and the presence of p53 antibodies in serum may be used to obtain important prognostic information.
Immunological destruction in vitro of cytomegalovirus infected cells.
Authors: P Diosi, C David
Journal: BMJ (1973)

BmR1ISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 12 mAY 1973 most chidren-unerges in the second or third year is acquired by conditioning or by any other method of teaching.Curiously enough, though Lovibond and Coote,7 in a chapter published in 1970, un- equivocally say that dryness follows the development of cortical control which in- volves "both neural maturation and the development of complex sequences of con- dit.ioned reflexes" (p.374), they also clearly imply (p.375) that cortical control may happen from maturation alone, but they fail to notice the implications of this.There is indeed a fair amount of evidence that nighttime bladder control is a behaviour pre- destined to appear once maturation has occurred.8There is some analogy with walk- ing, which will appear without teaching.9If central nervous system maturation for bladder control at night has occurred in nearly all children by the age of 5, why have 10 or 20% not developed night-time dryness?The reason appears to be that the emergence of dryness at night can be prevented by negative factors acting at the time maturation occurs.Douglas10 and others' 12 have shown rhat children wetting their beds at 4 or 5 more commonly have a history of stressful episodes in the third year of life than do dry control children.The stresses reported on do not include what is very likely the commonest stress -anxiety-provoking toilet training.But since Brazelton3 has shown that with a childorientated, low-anxiety system of toilet train- ing, 98-5% were dry at the age of 5, it seems that if we gave our minds to it, we could be preventing nearly all cases of enuresis.-Iam, etc.,
Medical Oncology in Journals of Internal Medicine
Authors: MARTIN W. OSTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The coverage of medical oncology in internal medicine journals was evaluated by reviewing the contents of the 1974 and 1975 issues of three leading American internal medicine journals. The percentage of articles relevant to medical oncology compared favorably with figures for the other subspecialties of internal medicine. The subject matter of the medical oncology articles in the three journals was found to be complementary to the content spectrum of the subspecialty journal, Cancer. This distribution may be useful to the medical oncologist but may present a skewed view of recent developments in medical oncology to the nononcologist internist who relies largely on internal medicine journals for information regarding new trends in medical oncology. The implications of these findings are discussed, particularly with regard to the possibility that a similar situation exists for the other subspecialties of internal medicine.
Pavlovian feed-forward mechanisms in the control of social behavior
Authors: Michael Domjan, Brian Cusato, Ronald Villarreal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The conceptual and investigative tools for the analysis of social behavior can be expanded by integrating biological theory, control systems theory, and Pavlovian conditioning. Biological theory has focused on the costs and benefits of social behavior from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. In contrast, control systems theory is concerned with how machines achieve a particular goal or purpose. The accurate operation of a system often requires feed-forward mechanisms that adjust system performance in anticipation of future inputs. Pavlovian conditioning is ideally suited to subserve this function in behavioral systems. Pavlovian mechanisms have been demonstrated in various aspects of sexual behavior, maternal lactation, and infant suckling. Pavlovian conditioning of agonistic behavior has been also reported, and Pavlovian processes may likewise be involved in social play and social grooming. Several further lines of evidence indicate that Pavlovian conditioning can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of social interactions, thereby improving their cost/benefit ratio. We extend Pavlovian concepts beyond the traditional domain of discrete secretory and other physiological reflexes to complex real-world behavioral interactions and apply abstract laboratory analyses of the mechanisms of associative learning to the daily challenges animals face as they interact with one another in their natural environments.
Identification of High Risk Labours
Authors: D. D. Mathews
Journal: BMJ (1975)

that on the figures given "the acute myo- ca,rdial inifarction mortality appeared to be twice as high in the beta-blocked patients as in the control group."The further infomiation swplied by Dr. Oram and his colleagues on the two-year survival of 35 of the trial patients on tolamolol is encouraging but irrelevant to the present argument as they are a preselected group.
Israeli government rejects charity's report that claims occupation has damaged health of Palestinians
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Israeli government last week rejected the conclusions of a report from the international charity Medecins du Monde that claims that the government has unjustifiably hampered the free movement of ambulances in the occupied territories and deliberately targeted their crews. Israel accuses the Palestinian Red Crescent and local hospitals of allowing themselves to be used as couriers and safe houses for weapons.

Shuli Davidovich, a spokeswoman for the Israeli Foreign Ministry, said: “The terrorists know that we cannot attack ambulances or hospitals because they are protected by international law. They use that immunity to conceal and smuggle weapons in them.

“Nobody wants to hinder ambulances, but on …
A NEW DIFFERENTIAL LEUKOCYTE COUNT CHART
Authors: W. H. WATTERS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In the earlier days of hematology it was supposed that the leukocyte count was a quite reliable guide to the extent, progress and severity of various infections. It was shortly recognized, however, that other factors entered into the problem and that the degree of leukocytosis was more of an index of the amount of resistance, the fighting force possessed by the body, than of the virulence of the infection or of the actual progress of the combat between the invading bacteria and the natural resisting powers of the organism. Thus a normal leukocyte count or slight leukocytosis might mean little or no infection with no need of great resisting force or, on the contrary, it might be indicative of a very severe infection by which the body was overwhelmed without even a chance of combating it. Some other additional index was needed to complement this early one. Such an index
Autoantibodies to gut hormone secreting cells as markers of peptide deficiency.
Authors: H W Jones, R Lendrum, J M Marks, R Mirakian, G F Bottazzo, D L Sarson, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1983)

Autoantibodies reacting with endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa were found by indirect immunofluorescence in 22 out of 268 sera (8.2%) obtained from patients with coeliac disease, Crohn9s disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and from subjects without bowel disease. A double immunofluorescence technique showed that the autoantibodies reacted with cells secreting gastric inhibitory polypeptide (glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GIP), secretin, somatostatin or enteroglucagon. Most sera contained antibodies against more than one cell type. Neither the presence of a particular antibody nor the pattern of antibody combinations appeared to be specific for any diagnostic category. The mean plasma GIP concentrations, however, both fasting and two hours after a test meal, were significantly lower in subjects with GIP cell autoantibodies. Thus gut hormone cell autoantibodies may be markers of impaired hormone secretion.
Population and Development — Shifting Paradigms, Setting Goals
Authors: Allan Rosenfield, Karyn Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

At the first United Nations–sponsored international conference on population — held in Bucharest, Romania, in 1974 — the United States and other Western nations advocated the implementation of programs aimed at controlling the high rates of population growth then prevalent in resource-poor countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Most leaders from these countries, however, saw this as an inappropriate, imperialist goal to be imposed on their countries, when the real problems were related to poverty. Ten years later, at the second international conference in Mexico City, representatives of the Reagan administration argued that population growth was not a key . . .
Splenic function in persons with sickle cell trait at moderately high altitude
Authors: Rachelle Nuss, Angela J. Feyerabend, James L. Lear, Peter A. Lane
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We investigated the possibility that persons with sickle cell trait who reside chronically at moderately high altitude might develop impaired splenic reticuloendothelial function. Seventeen healthy young black men with sickle trait who had lived at ⩾ 1,609 m for ⩾ 10 years participated in the study along with 25 matched control subjects with normal hemoglobin. Splenic function was assessed by radionuclide liver‐spleen scanning and by red cell pit counts. No evidence of impaired splenic function was found in the sickle trait group. The data suggest that long‐term residence at moderately high altitude does not place persons with sickle cell trait at risk for splenic dysfunction.