tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody against the CD18 adhesion molecule stimulates glucose uptake by the liver and hepatic nonparenchymal cells
Authors: Abraham P. Bautista, Zoltan Spolarics, Hartmut Jaeschke, Wayne C. Smith, John J. Spitzer
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Neutrophils and macrophages play an important role in the body's microbicidal defense and have been implicated in the induction of tissue injury in reperfusion, endotoxemia and septic shock. Cellular host defense is accompanied by enhanced glucose use. In this study we examined the effect of monoclonal antibody 1F12 on in vivo glucose use by selected tissues and hepatic phagocytes. Monoclonal antibody 1F12 is specific for the CD18 adhesion molecule on rat neutrophils and is the only known antibody that induces profound neutropenia. The administration of monoclonal antibody 1F12 at a final dose of 2 mg/kg body weight enhanced the removal of neutrophils from the circulation within 15 min. Leukopenia was sustained for 24 hr. Large numbers of neutrophils were sequestered in the liver at 4 hr. Although the number of neutrophils in the liver at 24 hr after antibody treatment was lower than at 4 hr, these values were still higher than those in the saline controls. The rate of glucose metabolism by selected tissues was not significantly altered by the antibody, except by the liver, in which use increased 2.7-fold vs. the control value at 4 hr after treatment. Hepatocytes, endothelial cells and Kupffer cells contributed to the increase in the rate of glucose metabolism by the liver. The rate of glucose metabolism by Kupffer cells was significantly elevated at 4 and 24 hr, whereas the rate of glucose metabolism of hepatocytes and endothelial cells returned to normal at 24 hr. After antibody treatment, the glucose uptake by hepatic sequestered neutrophils was significantly reduced at 4 hr and returned to near-normal levels at 24 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identifying Breast Cancer Druggable Oncogenic Alterations: Lessons Learned and Future Targeted Options
Authors: Alberto Ocaña, Atanasio Pandiella
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Although the introduction of novel therapies and drug combinations has improved the prognosis of metastatic breast cancer, this disease remains incurable. It is therefore important to develop additional novel therapeutic strategies and agents. Increased understanding of the biology and the molecular alterations present in breast cancer is facilitating the design of targeted therapies directed to oncogenic proteins. Here, we review the signaling pathways and proteins that participate in breast cancer proliferation and survival, with special emphasis in those that are druggable. We will also comment on how the knowledge on the basic pathogenetic processes is translated into drug development strategies that are reaching the breast cancer clinic.
Inappropriate medical management of spinal epidural abscess
Authors: P Harrington
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

A 67 year old man with longstanding rheumatoid disease was referred to the regional spinal surgery unit with acute onset of paraparesis due to an extensive spinal epidural abscess of the lumbar spine. Ten months previously, he had started antibiotic treatment at another hospital for an epidural abscess arising at the level of the L2-3 disc space. Despite completing seven months of medical treatment with appropriate antibiotics, he had a recrudescence of acute back pain shortly after restarting methotrexate treatment. Urgent anterior spinal decompression with excision of the necrotic vertebral bodies of L1-3 was performed. The indications for the surgical management of spinal epidural abscess are reviewed.
Is norethisterone a lifestyle drug? Results of database analysis
Authors: J. Shakespeare
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Norethisterone has several indications in gynaecology and primary care.At low dose ( ≤ 1 mg a day) it can be use in combination with oestrogens either as a contraceptive or in hormone replacement therapy.At higher dose ( ≥ 5 mg daily) it can be used for menorrhagia, to treat metropathia haemorrhagica, and to postpone menstruation.Norethisterone is not available in a formulation greater than 5 mg.Recent evidence has suggested that at conventional doses (5-10 mg/day) it is not effective for menorrhagia. 1 2In Oxfordshire we have been exploring prescribing for menorrhagia as part of implementing the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists' recommendations for the initial management of menorrhagia in primary care. 3
Parenthood in Renal Homograft Recipients
Authors: Israel Penn
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Nineteen male recipients of renal homografts were responsible for 23 pregnancies, resulting so far in 19 live births and one abortion; three additional wives have not yet been delivered of infants. Eighteen of the 19 infants were normal; the abnormal infant had a myelomeningocele and other anomalies. Eight female recipients have become pregnant ten times. Two of the pregnancies were terminated with therapeutic abortions, and two more are in progress. The other six resulted in live births. There were only two infants with a completely uncomplicated neonatal period. One premature baby died a few hours after birth from hyaline membrane disease. The other five survived, but one had pulmonary valvular stenosis, two had evidence of transient adrenocortical insufficiency plus lymphopenia, and one child had the respiratory distress syndrome. Renal function of three mothers underwent deterioration during pregnancy, but was restored after its termination.
Atrial fibrillation and stroke: prevalence in different types of stroke and influence on early and long term prognosis (Oxfordshire community stroke project)
Authors: P. Sandercock, J. Bamford, M. Dennis, J. Burn, J. Slattery, L. Jones, S. Boonyakarnkul, C. Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine in patients with first ever stroke whether atrial fibrillation influences clinical features, the need to perform computed tomography, and prognosis. DESIGN--Observational cohort study with maximum follow up of 6.5 years. SETTING--Primary care, based on 10 general practices in urban and rural Oxfordshire. SUBJECTS--Consecutive series of 675 patients with first ever stroke registered in the Oxfordshire community stroke project. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalence of atrial fibrillation by type of stroke; effect of atrial fibrillation on case fatality rate and risk of recurrent stroke, vascular death, and death from all causes. RESULTS--Prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 17% (95% confidence interval 14% to 20%) for all stroke types (115/675), 18% (15% to 21%) for cerebral infarction (97/545), 11% (4% to 11%) for primary intercerebral haemorrhage (7/66), and 0% (0 to 11%) for subarachnoid haemorrhage (0/33). For patients with cerebral infarction the 30 day case fatality rate was significantly higher with atrial fibrillation (23%) than with sinus rhythm (8%); the risk of early recurrent stroke (within 30 days) was 1% with atrial fibrillation and 4% with sinus rhythm. In patients who survived at least 30 days the average annual risk of recurrent stroke was 8.2% (5.9% to 10.9%) with sinus rhythm and 11% (6.0% to 17.3%) with atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS--After a first stroke atrial fibrillation was not associated with a definite excess risk of recurrent stroke, either within 30 days or within the first few years. Survivors with and without atrial fibrillation had a clinically important absolute risk of further serious vascular events.
Phytoestrogens/Flavonoids Reverse Breast Cancer Resistance Protein/ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Yasuo Imai, Satomi Tsukahara, Sakiyo Asada, Yoshikazu Sugimoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), also called ABCG2, confers resistance to anticancer agents such as 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), mitoxantrone, and topotecan. We found previously that sulfated estrogens are physiologic substrates of BCRP. Flavonoids with weak estrogenic activities are called phytoestrogens. In this study, we show that phytoestrogens/flavonoids, such as genistein, naringenin, acacetin, and kaempferol, potentiated the cytotoxicity of SN-38 and mitoxantrone in BCRP-transduced K562 (K562/BCRP) cells. Some glycosylated flavonoids, such as naringenin-7-glucoside, also effectively inhibited BCRP. These flavonoids showed marginal effect on the drug sensitivity of K562 cells. Genistein and naringenin reversed neither P-glycoprotein-mediated vincristine resistance nor multidrug resistance-related protein 1-mediated VP-16 resistance. Genistein and naringenin increased cellular accumulation of topotecan in K562/BCRP cells. K562/BCRP cells also accumulated less [3H]genistein than K562 cells. [3H]genistein transport in the basal-to-apical direction was greater in BCRP-transduced LLC-PK1 (LLC/BCRP) cells, which express exogenous BCRP in the apical membrane, than in parental cells. Fumitremorgin C abolished the increased transport of [3H]genistein in LLC/BCRP cells compared with parental cells. TLC analysis revealed that genistein was transported in its native form but not in its metabolized form. These results suggest that genistein is among the natural substrates of BCRP and competitively inhibits BCRP-mediated drug efflux. The results have two important clinical implications: (a) flavonoids and glycosylated flavonoids may be useful in overcoming BCRP-mediated drug resistance in tumor cells; and (b) coadministration of flavonoids with BCRP-substrate antitumor agents may alter the pharmacokinetics and consequently increase the toxicity of specific antitumor agents in cancer patients.
Interarterial Coronary Anastomoses in the Human Heart, with Particular Reference to Anemia and Relative Cardiac Anoxia
Authors: PAUL M. ZOLL, STANFORD WESSLER, MONROE J. SCHLESINGER
Journal: Circulation (1951)

In an unselected series of 1050 human hearts the coronary arteries were uniformly injected at necropsy with a standardized radiopaque mass. Interarterial coronary anastomoses were clearly demonstrated by this method and were studied with respect to their incidence and pathogenesis. Anastomoses were significantly increased in hearts with coronary artery occlusion or marked narrowing in cor pulmonale, in cardiac hypertrophy and valvular lesions, and also in normal hearts from patients with anemia. Relative cardiac anoxia is present in all these conditions; it appears to be a common underlying stimulus for the development of interarterial coronary anastomoses.
Relationships Between Increased Automaticity and Depressed Conduction in the Main Intraventricular Conducting Fascicles of the Human and Canine Heart
Authors: MAURICIO B. ROSENBAUM, MARCELO V. ELIZARI, PABLO CHIALE, RAÚL J. LEVI, GERARDO J. NAU, M. SUSANA HALPERN, JULIO O. LÁZZARI, ALEJANDRO NOVAKOVSKY
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Escapes from the injured fascicle (EIF) were investigated in 281 cases of bundle branch block (BBB), and during 35 experiments in which rate-dependent BBB was provoked in the intact canine heart. During vagal stimulation, EIF occurred in 27 of the 35 canine experiments, in seven of 24 patients with phase 4 (bradycardia-dependent) BBB, and in nine of 31 patients with fixed BBB. Changes in the degree of fascicular injury and phase 4 BBB were accompanied by correlative changes in the frequency and coupling interval of the EIF, indicating the existence of a close relationship between degree of injury, phase 4 BBB and EIF or enhanced automaticity within the affected fascicle. Therapeutic doses of isoproterenol and lidocaine were tested and were shown to have a simultaneous and sometimes concordant effect on the BBB and the EIF. Occasionally in the acute experiments on dogs, commonly in chronic patients, or at times in patients under the effects of lidocaine, a dissociation or desynchronization between the phase 4 BBB and the EIF was documented. This dissociation implies the existence of other physiologic factors, which may eventually cause the occurrence of concealed or abortive escapes. The fact that phase 3 (tachycardia dependent) and phase 4 BBB can be identified in patients or provoked experimentally in the intact canine heart, with or without EIF, provides with a model of great potential value for studying effects of antiarrhythmic drugs.
On the psychobiological complexity and stability of traits
Authors: Richard A. Depue, Paul F. Collins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The commentaries on our target article address three main areas: (1) the relative importance of extraversion and other related traits to DA functioning, (2) how the long-term stability of extraversion can be conceptualized within a highly plastic central nervous system, and (3) the nature of DA functioning in the MOC network and in extraversion. We have organized our Response, therefore, into three major sections.
Deep sequencing identifies genetic heterogeneity and recurrent convergent evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Juhi Ojha, Jackline Ayres, Charla Secreto, Renee Tschumper, Kari Rabe, Daniel Van Dyke, Susan Slager, Tait Shanafelt, Rafael Fonseca, Neil E. Kay, Esteban Braggio
Journal: Blood (2014)
Phagocytosis: The Department of Defense
Authors: Thomas P. Stossel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IN the combat against pyogenic infection, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes constitute the first line of defense. They rapidly enter inflammatory foci, whereas the monocytes arrive at a slower pace and then differentiate into macrophages.1 Thus, the monocytes and the mononuclear phagocytes that line the viscera, are a second line of defense. Phagocytosis is the essence of both lines of this defensive system, and the overall manner in which it functions can be divided into seven stages. In the first, the bone marrow produces and mobilizes phagocytes in prodigious numbers. Secondly, bacterial products or inflammatory mediators interact with serum factors, including complement, . . .
Spectral analysis as a method of quantitative interpretation of Doppler-shift signals
Authors: L. W. HALL, K. W. CLARKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article Spectral analysis as a method of quantitative interpretation of Doppler-shift signals Get access L. W. HALL, L. W. HALL From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. W. CLARKE K. W. CLARKE 2 From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge 2 In receipt of a Wellcome Research Fellowship. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 6, November 1974, Pages 796–800, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.6.796 Published: 01 November 1974
Handbook of Fractures
Authors: Ben L. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Intended as an abridged text for medical students, this primer introduces the reader to the diagnosis and management of skeletal injuries. Opening with several background chapters, the authors define basic nomenclature and discuss fracture healing. Throughout this portion, they emphasize the priority of treatment in the multiply-injured patient. Chapters arranged by regions comprise the bulk of the book; each reviews the common fractures in a specific area such as the shoulder, the hip, or the femur. The brief discussion of an injury gives physical diagnosis, x-ray findings, and a plan of management. The reader catalogues fractures by rote rather than understanding the spectrum of injury to a region. Roentgenograms of variable quality demonstrate most of the fractures. A line drawing accompanies each x-ray film and diagrammatically shows the key points—which frequently are not evident on the illustration. Halftones depict bits of relevant anatomy, a few techniques of manipulation, and the
CS-30 * PROTEIN KINASE CK2 IS IMPORTANT FOR THE FUNCTION OF GLIOBLASTOMA BRAIN TUMOR INITIATING CELLS
Authors: A. Rowse, B. McFarland, G. Meares, Y. Zheng, A. Hjelmeland, E. Benveniste
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase composed of two catalytic subunits (α and/or α') and two regulatory (β) subunits. The expression and kinase activity of protein kinase CK2 are elevated in many different cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) are a subset of cells that are tumorigenic and are considered to promote the resistance of GBM to current therapies. Previously our lab has reported that CK2 activity promotes prosurvival signaling in GBM; however, the role of CK2 in BTICs has not been examined. In this study, we found that the expression of CK2α was increased in CD133+ BTICs compared to CD133− cells from GBM xenografts. We found that GBM cells are sensitive to cell death caused by CX-4945, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CK2. Inhibition of CK2 also reduced the frequency of CD133+ BTICs over the course of 7 days, indicating a role for CK2 in BTIC persistence and survival. Additionally, using an in vitro limiting dilution assay, we found that CX-4945 reduced neurosphere formation in bulk cells from GBM xenografts. On the other hand, inhibition of CK2 had no effect on the proliferation or neurosphere formation of normal murine neural precursor cells. We are currently investigating the mechanism of cell death and reduced neurosphere formation and have found a reduction in the constitutive activation of signal transduction pathways dysregulated in GBM including NF-kB and MAPK pathways. Due to the integration of CK2 in multiple signaling pathways important for BTIC survival, protein kinase CK2 is a promising target in GBM.
Paraneoplastic Encephalitis Associated With Cystic Teratoma Is Detected by Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography With Negative Magnetic Resonance Image Findings
Authors: Simin Dadparvar, Gregory S. Anderson, Peeyush Bhargava, Liang Guan, Phillip Reich, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

The role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) as a functional imaging technique used in the evaluation of a variety of malignancies has been well known. Paraneoplastic encephalitis is a rare central nervous complication, which has been reported in some tumors. Traditionally, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is performed to aid in its diagnosis. The authors report a case of paraneoplastic encephalitis, associated with cystic teratoma, which had positive FDG-PET findings but appeared normal on magnetic resonance imaging.
Increased prevalence of seizure disorders among prisoners
Authors: L. N. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In an effort to determine the prevalence of seizure disorders among persons confined to jails and prison, the prescription rates for anticonvulsant medications in ten Illinois correctional institutions were surveyed. The institutions housed 12,030 persons at the time of the survey. Analysis of the results of the survey suggests a point prevalence of seizure disorders of 1.9% among the Illinois prison and jail population. This estimated prevalence of seizure disorders is approximately three times higher than among middle-class nonprisoner populations on which previous epidemiologic studies of epilepsy have been based. Special programs and resources for the detection, treatment, and prevention of seizure disorders among prisoners appear necessary. Provisions to ensure continuity of care after release from incarceration are also needed.
Open Fracture of the Olecranon
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Richard McCollum: The patient is a 43-year-old civil service employee who sustained an injury to his left elbow. He was driving an automobile with his left elbow projecting out of the window when he passed too close to a metal roadside standard. A U-shaped laceration over the proximal part of the ulna was noted, with bone fragments protruding through the wound. The patient received emergency care at a nearby first-aid station, where a sterile bandage and posteriorly placed splint were applied and a tetanus toxoid booster and penicillin G (1 million units) were administered intramuscularly. He was then taken to the emergency ward of the Massachusetts General Hospital where results from the physical examination were normal, except for the previously noted 8 cm laceration and inability of the patient to actively extend the left elbow. Roentgenologic studies revealed an open fracture of the olecranon with displacement of the proximal
F-18 FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient With Bilateral Orbital and Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphomas
Authors: Kazuyoshi Suga, Kawakami Yasuhiko, Atsuto Hiyama, Koumei Takeda, Naofumi Matsunaga
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an uncommon disease, while the incidence is recently increasing. We describe the F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computerized tomography (FDG PET/CT) findings in a case of bilateral orbital MALT lymphomas with a coexisting gastric lesion. Although only the lesion in the left orbit was initially identified on MR imaging, FDG PET/CT scan unexpectedly and additionally could identify the tiny lesion of the contralateral orbit and the gastric lesion. This patient received radiotherapy to all these lesions, with a combination of rituximab monoclonal antibody therapy. The follow-up PET/CT studies at 3, 6, and 9 months and 1.5 years after treatment showed regression or disappearance of all these FDG-avid lesions. Accurate localization and staging are crucial to select an adequate treatment in MALT lymphoma at any location. This case indicates the feasibility of FDG PET/CT scan for accurate localization and staging and also for monitoring treatment in patients with orbital MALT lymphoma.
Longitudinal investigation of exposure to arsenic, cadmium, and lead in drinking water.
Authors: P B Ryan, N Huet, D L MacIntosh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Arsenic, cadmium, and lead have been associated with various forms of cancer, nephrotoxicity, central nervous system effects, and cardiovascular disease in humans. Drinking water is a well-recognized pathway of exposure to these metals. To improve understanding of the temporal dimension of exposure to As, Cd, and Pb in drinking water, we obtained 381 samples of tap and/or tap/filtered water and self-reported rates of drinking water consumption from 73 members of a stratified random sample in Maryland. Data were collected at approximately 2-month intervals from September 1995 through September 1996. Concentrations of As (range < 0.2-13.8 microg/L) and Pb (< 0.1-13.4 microg/L) were within the ranges reported for the United States, as were the rates of drinking water consumption (median < 0.1-4.1 L/day). Cd was present at a detectable level in only 8.1% of the water samples. Mean log-transformed concentrations and exposures for As and Pb varied significantly among sampling cycles and among respondents, as did rates of drinking water consumption, according to a generalized linear model that accounted for potential correlation among repeated measures from the same respondent. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient of reliability to attribute the total variance observed for each exposure metric to between-person and within-person variability. Between-person variability was estimated to account for 67, 81, and 55% of the total variance in drinking water consumption, As exposure (micrograms per day), and Pb exposure (micrograms per day), respectively. We discuss these results with respect to their implications for future exposure assessment research, quantitative risk assessment, and environmental epidemiology.
RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ASSESSED BY FIRST PASS RADIONUCLIDE VENTRICULOGRAPHY
Authors: G. H. Hendrix, D. S. Dymond, D. L. Stone, A. T. Elliott
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, D.S. Dymond, D.L. Stone, and A.T. Elliott, Departments of Cardiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.