tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global Disease Guide
Authors: Martin E. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I enthusiastically welcomed the recent cogent commentaries of Mann<sup>1</sup>and others<sup>2</sup>addressing the escalating urgency for heightened physician awareness of the burgeoning health problems of the traveler. I have joined others in decrying the continuing lack of emphasis on or exposure to the whole subject of parasitism and international health in medical school curricula and its minimal inclusion in continuing educational courses for the practitioner. While stressing the problems and perils of the modern traveler in lectures to medical students and during patients' pretravel briefings in my own gastroenterological practice, it became increasingly obvious that there was an impelling need for some device that could condense for better understanding the voluminous data of world diseases. To that end, I have designed and developed an informational dial, the "Global Disease Guide," now being readied by its sponsor for national distribution as a public service for physicians
Abstract P2-02-05: Combined Ultrasound/MRI for Breast Cancer Screening in Asian Women of Average Cancer Risk
Authors: GYC Cheng, JS Ko, JNY Wu, CS Cheng, CJH. Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background and purpose: MRI is not recommended for screening women at average risk because it is associated with substantial numbers of false-positive results and cost. MRI as a screening tool for breast cancer, however, involves a complexity of cancer epidemiology, socio-economic situation, healthcare policy, and awareness and compliance of general population. Breast MRI may be particularly beneficial as a screening tool for Asian women due to their dense breast. In this study we reported the breast MRI screening results in Chinese women in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: In a period of 8 years, 3681 women underwent breast MRI examination in our imaging center. Of them, 95 women were known to have prior histories of cancers and were excluded from this study. The remaining breast MR images from 3,586 asymptomatic healthy women (mean age, 45.3 years) were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All subjects came to our imaging center for screening breast MR studies by self-referral due to high concern of cancer. All subjects were examined at a 1.5T scanner. The imaging interpretation was based on the criteria of ACR BI-RADS lexicon. After the breast MRI examination, complementary US was performed. If suspicious lesions were detected on MRI but showed negative results on US, double check with targeted US were done by the same radiologist immediately. US was also used to guide needle biopsy when in need. Results: Overall, among 3,586 cases, totally 115 subjects were suspected to have malignant lesions and ultrasound-guided biopsy (N=106) and/or aspiration cytology study (N=122) was performed in all these 115 subjects. 47 were proved to have malignant lesions in pathology (35 invasive cancers — 27 IDC, 7 ILC, and one apocrine carcinoma; and 12 cases of carcinoma in situ). 31 additional cases of pre-cancerous lesions were found. The mean age in cancer group was 49 y/o and 52.2 y/o in CIS group. Subjects at age 41-50 group had the highest incidence of cancer detection, including 6 in situ lesions and 19 invasive cancers. Five cases were found to have breast cancers 1 or 2 years later. The incidence for malignancy in our asymptomatic group was about 1.31% (47/3586) and increased to 2.2% (78/3586) if precancerous lesions were included. The overall sensitivity of combined US/MRI was 94% and specificity was 99%. Conclusions: Breast MRI can be an option for Asian women of average risk, who usually have dense breast, at their own cost. From our results, it was shown that combined ultrasound and MRI can achieve high sensitivity and specificity for women of average risk. The unnecessary biopsy due to the false positive diagnosis of breast MRI can also be reduced remarkably. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-02-05.
Basic Cultural Values and Differences in Attitudes towards Health, Illness and Treatment Preferences within a Psychosomatic Frame of Reference
Authors: Frits J. Bekker, Uwe Hentschel, Michiko Fujita
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: Regarded from a biopsychosocial point of view, a culturally determined differential impact of values, lifestyles and attitudes can be expected on health and illness concepts, exerting a potential influence on the general satisfaction with the health care system as well as on subjective treatment preferences. Methods: 57 men and 63 women between 16 and 86 years of age in the Netherlands and 45 men and 39 women aged between 15 and 78 years in Japan took part in the study. Questions to the subjects were not exclusively restricted to medical care but comprised the potential relationship between health and illness on the one hand, and lifestyles, values, attitudes and treatment preferences on the other. On the basis of previous experience with data from the Dutch sample 27 questions were selected and, using the whole sample, submitted to a factor analysis. Furthermore subjective health and illness attributions were compared by means of a projective technique. Results: The factor analysis resulted in five dimensions: relaxation, work, hedonistic goals versus social status, family life versus career making, alternative versus conventional medical care, with three significant differences between the two countries and two significant gender effects. The projective technique revealed two cultural differences in illness attributions. Conclusions: The implications of these results for possible health promotion campaigns and a differential choice of health-care strategies are discussed from within a psychosomatic frame of reference. It is hypothesized that the revealed differences can also be useful for attempts at a group-specific increase of acceptance and compliance of certain treatments.
IRRITATION FROM MICROSCOPE EYEPIECE
Authors: William F. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —From personal experience, I wish to warn both the microscope user and the microscope manufacturer of the danger of the projecting corrugated rim of the ordinary microscopic eyepiece as an agent for producing an epithelioma in the region of the orbit. This applies especially to the binocular microscope, in which it is almost impossible to look through the microscope without scraping a piece of nasal epithelium with the eyepiece. Can any other procedure, if repeated day after day for year after year, be any more favorable for the production of an epithelioma on the side of the nose?
Urinary Erythrocytes and Glomerular Disease
Authors: Didier Hauglustaine, Willy Bollens, Paul Michielsen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Urinary Erythrocytes and Glomerular DiseaseDIDIER HAUGLUSTAINE, M.D., WILLY BOLLENS, Lab. Techn., PAUL MICHIELSEN, M.D.DIDIER HAUGLUSTAINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLY BOLLENS, Lab. Techn.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL MICHIELSEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1027 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent editorial Morrin reminds us of the importance of microscopic examination of freshly voided urine in detecting a glomerulopathy (1). He emphasizes a careful search for erythrocyte or heme casts, although these structures frequently occur in low numbers and may be overlooked, even with the use of phase-contrast microscopy.Morrin did not mention recent studies showing that more simple observations of the morphologic features of the urinary erythrocytes may help identify the origin of hematuria. In glomerular disease erythrocytes are dysmorphic; in nonglomerular disease they present a more conventional shape (2). In a blind controlled...References1. MORRIN P. Urinary sediment in the interpretation of proteinuria [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:254-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FAIRLEYBIRCH KD. Hematuria: a simple method for identifying glomerular bleeding. Kidney Int. 1982;21:105-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FASSETTHORGANMATHEW RBT. Detection of glomerular bleeding by phase-contrast microscopy. Lancet. 1982;1:1432-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KINCAID-SMITH P. Hematuria and exercise-related hematuria. Br Med J. 1982;285:1595-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HAUGLUSTAINEBOLLENSMICHIELSEN DWP. Detection of glomerular bleeding using a simple staining method for light microscopy. Lancet. 1982;2:761. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical prevalence of glomerular hematuria: A nine-year retrospective study 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1027-1028KeywordsHemeMicroscopyUrine Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Arthropod 7SK RNA
Authors: A. R. Gruber, C. Kilgus, A. Mosig, I. L. Hofacker, W. Hennig, P. F. Stadler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The 7SK small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a key player in the regulation of polymerase (pol) II transcription. The 7SK RNA was long believed to be specific to vertebrates where it is highly conserved. Homologs in basal deuterostomes and a few lophotrochozoan species were only recently reported. On longer timescales, 7SK evolves rapidly with only few conserved sequence and structure motifs. Previous attempts to identify the Drosophila homolog thus have remained unsuccessful despite considerable efforts. Here we report on the discovery of arthropod 7SK RNAs using a novel search strategy based on pol III promoters, as well as the subsequent verification of its expression. Our results demonstrate that a 7SK snRNA featuring 2 highly structured conserved domains was present already in the bilaterian ancestor.
Abstract 5067: Human prostate epithelial cells secrete the tumor suppressor maspin as a soluble and exosome-associated protein .
Authors: Ivory S. Dean, Sijana Dzinic, Alexander Kaplun, Yi Zou, Guangzhao Mao, Shijie Sheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Maspin, an epithelial-specific member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis. Overall maspin expression is downregulated or lost in invasive and metastatic carcinomas. Maspin subcellular distribution among the nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular compartments is differentially regulated during tumor progression. Extracellular maspin has been shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion and motility in vitro. Also, recombinant maspin was shown to inhibit endothelial cell tube formation in vitro and tumor-angiogenesis in vivo. To date, the mechanisms governing maspin trafficking remain unclear. In the current study, we aim to investigate the mechanism and biological significance of maspin secretion. Normal and tumor cells known to secrete maspin, were treated with or without drugs targeting classical or non-classical secretory pathways. The CM were collected and analyzed for soluble and exosome-associated proteins. We also utilized atomic force microscopy to characterize the physical characteristics of exosomes. We found maspin as a soluble protein in the CM. Maspin secretion was not inhibited by the drug treatments. In fact, maspin secretion increased under drug treatment targeting the classical secretory pathway. Furthermore, maspin was detected in the exosomes. Under drug treatment, the overall increase in maspin secretion was accompanied by an increase in detection of maspin in the exosomes. Based on the drug treatment-induced changes in maspin's secretion patterns, we speculate that maspin is secreted via a non-classical pathway. In addition, we provide the first evidence that maspin is secreted inclusively as both a free and an exosome-encapsulated molecule in normal and tumor cells. The existence of extracellular maspin as a free and an exosome-associated molecule implies a dual role for maspin in the tumor microenvironment. These novel findings are currently under investigation since the tumor suppressive activity of exosome-associated maspin may be of particular significance in cell-cell communication, and tumor suppressive activity of free maspin may be associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. Citation Format: Ivory S. Dean, Sijana Dzinic, Alexander Kaplun, Yi Zou, Guangzhao Mao, Shijie Sheng. Human prostate epithelial cells secrete the tumor suppressor maspin as a soluble and exosome-associated protein . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5067. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5067
Risk factors of death in variceal bleeding: Combined effect of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) deficiency and Child-Pugh C class
Authors: M. Primignani, A. Dell'Era, S. Zatelli, G. Petazzi, P. Bucciarelli, V. Chantarangkul, R. de Franchis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Histamine hyperresponsiveness of the extrathoracic airway in patients with asthmatic symptoms
Authors: C. Bucca, G. Rolla, E. Scappaticci, S. Baldi, E. Caria, A. Oliva
Journal: Allergy (1991)

Functional abnormalities of the extrathoracic airway (EA) may produce symptoms mimicking bronchial asthma. We assessed the bronchial (B) and EA responsiveness to inhaled histamine in 40 patients with asthmatic symptoms and in nine asymptomatic controls. FEV1 and maximal mid-inspiratory flow (MIF50) were used as index of bronchial and EA narrowing. Hyperresponsiveness of the intra-(BHR) or extra-(EA-HR) thoracic airway was diagnosed when the provocative concentrations of histamine (PC20FEV1 or PC25MIF50) were less than 8 mg/ml. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy was performed in nine patients and three controls. The glottal region was measured at mid-volume of maximal inspiration (AgMI) and expiration (AgME) before and after histamine. Predominant EA-HR was found in 13 patients, predominant BHR in 12, equivalent BHR and EA-HR in another 12; no significant airway narrowing was observed in three patients and in the nine controls. EA-HR was significantly associated with female sex, sinusitis, post-nasal drip, dysphonia; BHR with atopy, wheezing and lower MEF50. The percent change in AgMI after histamine was closely related to the PC25MIF50 (r = 0.87, P less than 0.001), that of AgME to the PC20FEV1 (r = 0.78, P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that the assessment of EA responsiveness may be useful in the evaluation of asthmatic symptoms, especially in patients with no BHR.
Hepatitis C databases, principles and utility to researchers
Authors: Carla Kuiken, Masashi Mizokami, Gilbert Deleage, Karina Yusim, Francois Penin, Tadasu Shin-I, Céline Charavay, Ning Tao, Daniel Crisan, Delphine Grando, Anita Dalwani, Christophe Geourjon, Ashish Agrawal, Christophe Combet
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Part of the effort to develop hepatitis C–specific drugs and vaccines is the study of genetic variability of all publicly available HCV sequences. Three HCV databases are currently available to aid this effort and to provide additional insight into the basic biology, immunology, and evolution of the virus. The Japanese HCV database ( http://s2as02.genes.nig.ac.jp ) gives access to a genomic mapping of sequences as well as their phylogenetic relationships. The European HCV database ( http://euhcvdb.ibcp.fr ) offers access to a computer-annotated set of sequences and molecular models of HCV proteins and focuses on protein sequence, structure and function analysis. The HCV database at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States ( http://hcv.lanl.gov ) provides access to a manually annotated sequence database and a database of immunological epitopes which contains concise descriptions of experimental results. In this paper, we briefly describe each of these databases and their associated websites and tools, and give some examples of their use in furthering HCV research. (Hepatology 2006;43:1157–1165.)
Medical Students to Receive Food for Thought
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1990)

STUDENTS at Chicago area medical schools soon will try out a new nutrition curriculum. Investigators from Rush-Presbyterinan—St Luke's Medical Center in Chicago are in the first year of developing and evaluating the curriculum under a $243 130 grant from the H. J. Heinz Company Foundation. The course will be tested in at least six medical schools during the following year, in part by using diskettes for medical students' personal computers. Noting the widely held belief that US physicians are poorly trained in human nutrition, with only a few medical schools offering formal nutrition training as part of the required curriculum (please see previous article), the investigators are seeking to develop a program that can be adapted to the individual medical school's faculty and time constraints. James A. Schoenberger, MD, professor and chair of preventive medicine and principal investigator, says today's physician "must understand how human nutrition relates to disease... and
Clinical Correlates and Prognostic Significance of Exercise-Induced Ventricular Premature Beats in the Community
Authors: Ali Morshedi-Meibodi, Jane C. Evans, Daniel Levy, Martin G. Larson, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Recent investigations suggest that ventricular premature beats during exercise (EVPBs) are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic individuals, but mechanisms underlying the association are unclear.We evaluated 2885 Framingham Offspring Study participants (1397 men; mean age, 43 years) who were free of cardiovascular disease and who underwent a routine exercise stress test; 792 participants (27%) had development of EVPBs (median, 0.22/min of exercise). Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of EVPBs. Cox models were used to examine the relations of infrequent (less than or equal to median) and frequent (greater than median) versus no EVPBs to incidence of hard coronary heart disease (CHD) event (recognized myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, or CHD death) and all-cause mortality, adjusting for vascular risk factors and exercise variables. Age and male sex were key correlates of EVPBs. During follow-up (mean, 15 years), 142 (113 men) had a first hard CHD event and 171 participants (109 men) died. EVPBs were not associated with hard CHD events but were associated with increased all-cause mortality rates (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio, 1.86, 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.79 for infrequent, and 1.71, 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.49 for frequent EVPBs versus none). The relations of EVPBs to mortality risk were not influenced by VPB grade, presence of recovery VPBs, left ventricular dysfunction, or an ischemic ST-segment response.In our large, community-based sample of asymptomatic individuals, EVPBs were associated with increased risk of death at a much lower threshold than previously reported. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Human rights charities protest at arrest of Palestinian paramedics in Nablus hospital
Authors: Merav Sarig
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Human rights organisations are protesting at the arrest of two paramedics working for the Palestinian Medical Relief Society on 3 January in Nablus (Shechem) by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) soldiers. 

They were arrested at the entrance to the Al-Watan government hospital while transporting patients. The two men are Taher Kusa and Seras Kader. Both have been working for the society for a number of years. Mr Kader was released three days later.

The IDF had been conducting an arrest campaign in Nablus and other parts of the West Bank for a few days. Palestinian Medical Relief Society director Ghassan Hamdan relates that since 3 January soldiers have surrounded both of the city’s government hospitals, Al-Watan and Rafidiyeh. …
Telomeres and Longevity: Testing an Evolutionary Hypothesis
Authors: M. F. Haussmann, R. A. Mauck
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Identifying mechanisms that underlie variation in adult survivorship provide insight into the evolution of life history strategies and phenotypic variation in longevity. There is accumulating evidence that shortening telomeres, the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes, play an important role in individual variation in longevity. Given that telomeres generally shorten with age, it was surprising to find that in a population of a long-lived seabird, Leach's storm petrel, telomeres appear to lengthen with age. This unique finding suggested that the longest lived individuals are able to elongate telomeres, an interpretation we call the "elongation hypothesis." Alternatively, the "selection hypothesis" states that the longest lived individuals start with the longest telomeres and variation in telomere length decreases with age due to the selective disappearance of individuals with short telomeres. In the same population in which evidence supporting both hypotheses was uncovered, we tested mutually exclusive predictions from the elongation and selection hypotheses by measuring telomere length with the telomere restriction fragment assay in hatchling and old, adult storm petrels. As previously found, adult birds had longer telomeres on average compared with hatchlings. We also found that 3 hatchlings had mean telomere lengths exceeding that of the most extreme old bird, old birds on average had longer initial telomere lengths than hatchlings, and the variance in mean telomere length was significantly greater for hatchlings than for old birds, all predicted by the selection hypothesis. Perhaps more surprisingly, the oldest adults also show little or no accumulation of short telomeres over time, a pattern unknown in other species. Long telomeres are thought to provide a buffer against cellular senescence and be generally indicative of genome stability and overall cell health. In storm petrels, because the progressive accumulation of short telomeres appears negligible, variation in telomere length at birth may be linked to individual variation in longevity.
Analysis of Breast Cancer Screening in Women Younger Than 50 Years
Authors: Kirby I. Bland
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The five-year screening experience for 10,128 asymptomatic women whose conditions were evaluated at the Louisville Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project disclosed 163 breast carcinomas in women aged 35 to 74 years. Thirty-four percent of patients with proved carcinoma were younger than 50 years; 31% with infiltrating carcinoma had axillary metastases at the time of diagnosis. In younger patients, carcinomas disclosed at intervals between scheduled screenings were more commonly metatastic. Minimal breast cancer was more prevalent in the screened population (29%) than the unscreened population (less than 5%), and appeared with similar frequency in screenees of each age category. Screening women younger than 50 years allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in a favorable stage that is comparable with that noted in the older screenees.