tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Production of Hypertonic Urine in the Absence of Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone1
Authors: Robert W. Berliner, Douglas G. Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

The mechanism by which pituitary antidiuretic hormone (ADH) produces its renal effect has not been clearly established.Under ordinary conditions, in the absence of ADH, urine of a con- centration considerably below that of plasma is produced in large volume.With increasing amounts of ADH, administered or secreted, the osmotic pressure of the urine rises to and above that of plasma.With respect to total water bal- ance, the quantitatively more important contribution to water economy is the change between maximally dilute and isotonic urine, since this, in normal man, may involve a change in water ex- cretion in excess of 10 ml. per minute.The fur- ther saving of water effected by the elaboration of hypertonic urine is a relatively small one, amount- ing, at usual rates of solute excretion, to not more than an additional 1 or 2 ml.per minute.Thus, although it is commonly stated that the function of ADH is to cause the excretion of a hypertonic urine, its more important function might be better defined as preventing the excretion of a dilute urine.Recent studies of the effects of posterior pituitary extracts on frog skin have shown that these preparations markedly reduce the resistance of this membrane to the flow of water in response to gradients of osmotic pressure (1).Observations on frog bladder also suggest this mechanism of action (2).It would seem reasonable to examine the extent to which a similar mechanism of action could explain the effects of ADH on the concen- tration of the urine.Since the change from dilute to isotonic urine is clearly in the direction of the dissipation of an osmotic gradient, this effect of ADH could well be attributed to a change in the
Can methotrexate be used as a steroid sparing agent in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?
Authors: M J van der Veen, H J Dinant, C van Booma-Frankfort, G A van Albada-Kuipers, J W Bijlsma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether methotrexate (MTX) has a steroid sparing effect in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA). METHODS: We carried out a randomised double blind, placebo controlled study in 40 patients with PMR, six of whom also had clinical symptoms of GCA. A temporal artery biopsy specimen was available from 37 patients; GCA was found in six of the specimens. Among the six patients with clinical signs of GCA, three had a positive biopsy specimen. All patients were started on prednisone 20 mg/day, irrespective of clinical signs and biopsy result, supplemented with a weekly, blinded capsule containing either MTX 7.5 mg or placebo. The prednisone dose was decreased as soon as clinical symptoms disappeared and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein level, or both, had normalised. RESULTS: Twenty one patients were followed for two years, or at least one year after discontinuing medication. No differences were found between the MTX group and the placebo group concerning time to achieve remission, duration of remission, number of relapses, or cumulative prednisone doses. After 21 weeks the mean daily prednisone dose was reduced by 50%. Forty percent of all patients were able to discontinue prednisone within two years. Median duration of steroid treatment was 47.5 weeks (range 3-104). No serious complications from GCA were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: With a (rapid) steroid tapering regimen, it was possible to reduce the mean daily prednisone dose by 50% in 21 weeks and to cease prednisone in 40% of the patients within two years. With this regimen, no steroid sparing effect of MTX in a dosage of 7.5 mg/week was found.
Propranolol After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: J. Thomas Bigger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since November 1981,The Journalhas published two articles that gave the partial results of the BHAT. The second article (1982;247:1707) made the following definite recommendation on the duration of treatment after MI: "the investigators recommend the use of propronolol for at least three years in patients with no contraindications to β-blockade who have had a recent MI." This conclusion came without any formal argument or presentation of supporting data. The implications of this recommendation are important and, therefore, further discussion of the basis for this recommendation seems in order. Presumably, a recommendation to use propranolol for three or more years after MI should be based on the demonstration that propranolol will reduce the mortality or nonfatal reinfarction rates during this entire time interval. Only the data for mortality have been published in some detail. Therefore, we examined the mortality data in reference to the three-year treatment
The Appropriateness of Concomitant Immunomodulators With Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents for Crohn's Disease: One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Gil Y. Melmed, Brennan M. Spiegel, Brian Bressler, Adam S. Cheifetz, Shane M. Devlin, Laura E. Harrell, Peter M. Irving, Jennifer Jones, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Patricia L. Kozuch, Fernando S. Velayos, Leonard Baidoo, Miles P. Sparrow, Corey A. Siegel
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Advanced Imaging Technologies Increase Detection of Dysplasia and Neoplasia in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Bashar J. Qumseya, Haibo Wang, Nicole Badie, Rosemary N. Uzomba, Sravanthi Parasa, Donna L. White, Herbert Wolfsen, Prateek Sharma, Michael B. Wallace
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Evaluating Tele-ICU Reengineering of Critical Care Processes--Reply
Authors: C. M. Lilly, R. S. Irwin
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Preoperative Evaluation
Authors: Lawrence Loo
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —We agree with Drs Hostetler and Dunn that exercise stress tests are often of limited value in assessing the perioperative risk of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs).1Dipyridamole-thallium and other noninvasive tests clearly have a major role in assessing this risk. Measurement of ejection fraction, however, should not be used as the sole screening test to assess perioperative risk since the utility of this information varies with different studies and since it is unclear whether knowledge of the ejection fraction adds additional information beyond a thorough clinical assessment.2,3Recently, continuous 12-lead electrocardiographic monitoring to detect silent ischemic episodes in the perioperative period has also been useful in predicting ischemic events.4Hollenberg et al5identified five major clinical preoperative predictors of postoperative myocardial ischemia. These were (1) left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram; (2) history of hypertension; (3) diabetes mellitus; (4) coronary artery disease;
Returning to work after herniorrhaphy
Authors: A G Shulman, P K Amid, I L Lichtenstein
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The annual cost of disability payments after operations for hernias in the groin in the United States is unnecessarily high. This is because patients are being advised to limit their physical activity for six to eight weeks postoperatively to prevent recurrence. Although no scientific backing exists for such advice, this common and costly practice persists.

In Britain when patients return to full activity “within a few weeks”*RF 1-4* recurrences are not more common. Troublesome wound soreness is rare seven to 10 days after operation, and immediate return to full activity as soon as the …
Benzocaine enhances and inhibits the K+ current through a human cardiac cloned channel (Kv1.5)
Authors: Eva Delpón, Ricardo Caballero, Carmen Valenzuela, Mónica Longobardo, Dirk Snyders, Juan Tamargo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a neutral local anaesthetic, benzocaine, on a cardiac K+ channel cloned from human ventricle. Methods: Experiments were performed on hKv1.5 channels stably expressed on mouse cells using the whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. Results: At 10 nM, benzocaine increased the current amplitude (“agonist effect”) by shifting the activation curve 8.4±2.7 mV in the negative direction, and slowed the time course of tail current decline. In contrast, benzocaine (100–700 μM) inhibited hKv1.5 currents (KD=901±81 μM), modified the voltage-dependence of channel activation, which became biphasic, and accelerated the channel deactivation. Extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) also affected the channel gating. At 140 mM [K+]o, the time course of tail currents deactivation was significantly accelerated, whereas at 0 mM [K+]o, it was slowed. At both [K+]o the activation curve became biphasic. Benzocaine accelerated the tail current decay at 0 mM but not at 140 mM [K+]o. The reduction in the permeation of K+ through the pore did not modify the blocking effects of micromolar concentrations of benzocaine, but suppressed the agonist effect observed at nanomolar concentrations. Conclusions: All these results suggest that benzocaine blocks and modifies the voltage- and time-dependent properties of hKv1.5 channels, binding to an extracellular and to an intracellular site at the channel level. Moreover, both sites are related to each other and can also interact with K+.
A NOVEL CATHETER ABLATION SYSTEM FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION USING UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY - SINGLE-CENTER REPORT ON 100 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Thomas Deneke, Marc Horlitz, Ron Haberkorn, Annely Bastian, Kathrin Bünz, Markus Pässler, Beatrix Reinartz, Rainer Lehmann, Wolfgang Meuser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Does Smoke Get in Your Eyes?
Authors: Sheila West
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The two prospective studies of smoking and risk of cataract and cataract extraction in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>add significantly to the growing evidence that cigarette smoking is linked to cataractogenesis.<sup>1,2</sup>The findings of Christen et al<sup>2</sup>of an increased risk in male physicians of opacification in the lens nucleus among current smokers is consistent with previous studies that found a dose-response relationship between amount smoked and cataract,<sup>3-5</sup>and a risk for past smokers similar to nonsmokers.<sup>3</sup>Two previous studies found no association between cataract and cigarette smoking, but both had difficulties that may have produced null findings.<sup>6</sup>One study categorized current smokers and past smokers together, thus reducing the risk estimate for current smokers.<sup>6</sup>The other study, conducted in the Indian subcontinent, did not limit smoking to cigarettes alone but included other products (not further defined).<sup>7</sup>With the prospective data from the
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and low dietary folate reduce tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice
Authors: A K Lawrance, L Deng, R Rozen
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background:</h3> Clinical studies suggest that mild methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency and high dietary folate may reduce the risk for colorectal cancer. There is concern, however, that high folate intake (a consequence of food fortification) may enhance tumour growth in individuals with pre-existing tumours or genetic predisposition to tumorigenesis. <h3>Aim:</h3> To determine if <i>Mthfr</i> deficiency and low dietary folate influence tumorigenesis in mice genetically predisposed to form numerous intestinal adenomas (<i>Apc<sup>min/+</sup></i>). <h3>Methods:</h3> Male <i>Apc<sup>min/+</sup></i> mice were mated with <i>Mthfr<sup>+/−</sup></i> and/or <i>Mthfr<sup>+/+</sup></i> females. Diets with variable folate content were administered either pre-natally or at weaning; tumours were counted in offspring at 10 weeks of age. Plasma homocysteine and levels of apoptosis, DNA methylation and nucleotide ratios (dUTP:dTTP) in normal (pre-neoplastic) intestine were measured. <h3>Results:</h3> <i>Apc<sup>min/+</sup></i> mice fed high folate diets from weaning developed more adenomas than those fed the folic acid-deficient diet (FADD) or the control diet (CD); Mthfr deficiency did not affect adenoma number. However, when the FADD and CD were administered to dams prior to conception, throughout pregnancy and continued in offspring post-weaning, Apc<sup>min/+</sup> offspring fed FADD developed fewer adenomas than those fed CD. <i><i>Mthfr</i><sup>+/−</sup> genotype of the mother or of the offspring also reduced adenoma numbers in the <i>Apc<sup>min/+</sup></i></i> offspring. Adenoma number was inversely correlated with plasma homocysteine (r = −0.49, p&lt;0.005, intestinal dUTP/dTTP ratios (r = −0.42, p = 0.05), and levels of intestinal apoptosis (r = −0.36, p = 0.08). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Low dietary folate and <i>Mthfr</i> deficiency reduce adenoma formation in mice predisposed to tumorigenesis, possibly through increased apoptosis consequent to hyperhomocysteinaemia and nucleotide imbalances.
Propranolol-induced inhibition of cardiac microsomal calcium-uptake, calcium-binding, and epinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase
Authors: A. M. KATZ, D. I. REPKE, M. TADA, S. CORKEDALE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Both cardiac microsomal Ca-binding and Ca-uptake were inhibited by propranolol. Both 1-propranolol (which has β-blocking and local anaesthetic actions) and d-propranolol (which lacks the former action) inhibited Ca-binding and Ca-uptake; sensitivity to the 1-isomer being slightly greater than that to the d-isomer. Inhibition of Ca-binding by propranolol could be reversed by Ca2+; kinetic analysis indicated the existence of competitive inhibition between Ca2+ and the drug. Inhibition of Ca-uptake by propranolol was also partially reversed by Ca2+, although kinetic analysis to define competition could not be carried out because Ca-uptake in the range of Ca2+ concentration < 3 x 10"6 M does not exhibit saturation kinetics. Isoproterenol in concentrations equal to or greater than those of propranolol did not reverse inhibition of either Ca-binding or Ca-uptake. Cardiac microsomal adenylate cyclase was not inhibited by concentrations of d,l-propranolol that inhibit Ca-binding and Ca-uptake but the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by 10"4 M epinephrine was abolished by an equimolar concentration of d,l-propranolol. Inhibition of cardiac microsomal Ca-binding and Ca-uptake cannot, therefore, be attributed to a direct β-blocking action of propranolol upon calcium transport by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Circulating soluble antigens and antibody in schistosomiasis.
Authors: M A Madwar, A Voller
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Some patients with Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections were shown to have soluble schistosomal antigen in their plasma. Antibody to this antigen and to other antigens of adult worms were also present. These findings may be relevant to schistosomal-related immune-complex disease, especially the nephrotic syndrome.
Bilateral selective vagotomy in prevention of post-vagotomy diarrhoea.
Authors: M. J. Frohn, S. Desai, H. Burge
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Emotion and Cortisol Levels-Black and Friedman MEDICAfLJOURNAL 481 concluded that suggested hypnotic anaesthesia effectively pre- vents the full rise in cortisol levels usually produced by pain- but may have no effect on the physiological response to cold in this respect.
Note on Mediastinal Friction
Authors: A. T. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1896)

able (6 centimetres) ; hypertrophy was as marked as dilata- tion, and the patient died of his heart affection, with thrombosis and gangrene.Now, it is reasonable to suppose that if this patient had died earlier in the course of his heart disease of some surgical malady, as most or all of the other surgical patients did, dilatationof the auricle would also not have been observed in this case.In 3 instances the left auricle was recorded as hy-pertrophied, only once, -however, considerably; but as the stenosis was not severe, except in 2 of the I8 surgical cases, hypertrophy of the auricle was not, in my opinion, to be expected.In 29 of the 70 cases the stenosis was of the less severe form, the mitral measurement having exceeded 55 millimetres.The condition of the auricle was reported 'on in only I2 *cases.In only I case was the auricle markedly hypertrophied (a great contrast to the result ob8erved in the severe stenosis eases given above), in 2 cases it was slightly hypertrophied, in 4 it was dilated and hypertrophied, and in 5 it was dilated without hypertrophy.Since in I7 of the 29 cases of slight
Effects of heavy industrial pollution on respiratory function in the children of Cubatao, Brazil: a preliminary report.
Authors: D M Spektor, V A Hofmeister, P Artaxo, J A Brague, F Echelar, D P Nogueira, C Hayes, G D Thurston, M Lippmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Under a cooperative agreement between New York University and the Environmental Protection Agency, and in collaboration with the University of Sao Paulo (USP), a study is ongoing in Cubatao, Brazil, to try to establish exposure-response relationships on the impact of specific industrial effluents on respiratory function in school-age children. Cubatao, located on the coast about 44 km from the city of Sao Paulo, is surrounded by U-shaped mountains (approximately 800 m) covered with subtropical forests. Its area is approximately 160 km2, and it has a population of approximately 90,000. The geography is such that it causes a consistent diurnal land-sea breeze pattern and the opposite during the night, with low dispersion of the air pollutants. In a small area (approximately 40 km2) against the mountains there is a concentration of over 20 large plants: oil refinery; iron and steel mill; fertilizer, cement, and gypsum production; coke kilns; and chemical, paint, and many other ancillary plants. During the 1988 school year, March through June, August through November, 600 six-year-old children, attending six different kindergarten schools, underwent monthly spirometry tests. Because the children live within a 500 m radius of their school, pollution monitors were located on each of the six schools. Particles were collected using dichotomous stacked filter units placed on 20 m towers to reduce the influence of dust from unpaved roads. The units use different pore size filters for coarse, 2 to 10 microns, and fine particles, (dp) less than 2 microns, and took separate samples for day and nighttime.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Comparative Summary of Genetic Distances in the Vertebrates from the Mitochondrial Cytochome b Gene
Authors: G. C. Johns, J. C. Avise
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) is among the most extensively sequenced genes to date across the vertebrates. Here, we employ nearly 2,000 cytb gene sequences from GenBank to calculate and compare levels of genetic distance between sister species, congeneric species, and confamilial genera within and across the major vertebrate taxonomic classes. The results of these analyses parallel and reinforce some of the principal trends in genetic distance estimates previously reported in a summary of the multilocus allozyme literature. In particular, surveyed avian taxa on average show significantly less genetic divergence than do same-rank taxa surveyed in other vertebrate groups, notably amphibians and reptiles. Various biological possibilities and taxonomic "artifacts" are considered that might account for this pattern. Regardless of the explanation, by the yardstick of genetic divergence in this mtDNA gene, as well as genetic distances in allozymes, there is rather poor equivalency of taxonomic rank across some of the vertebrates.
Risk-adapted treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia based on all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline with addition of cytarabine in consolidation therapy for high-risk patients: further improvements in treatment outcome
Authors: Miguel A. Sanz, Pau Montesinos, Chelo Rayón, Alexandra Holowiecka, Javier de la Serna, Gustavo Milone, Elena de Lisa, Salut Brunet, Vicente Rubio, José M. Ribera, Concha Rivas, Isabel Krsnik, Juan Bergua, José González, Joaquín Díaz-Mediavilla, Rafael Rojas, Félix Manso, Gert Ossenkoppele, José D. González, Bob Lowenberg
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Angiotensin Amide Skin Test
Authors: Cooper G. Hazelrig
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<sup>A</sup>FTER THE CHARACTERIZATION and synthesis of angiotensin amide and the discovery of a depressor fraction in blood, Jablons<sup>1,2</sup>suggested the possible use of intradermally injected angiotensin amide as a diagnostic tool in hypertension. He theorized that individuals might have varied responses to angiotensin amide depending on the relative balance of pressor material (angiotensin II) and depressor material (angiotensin inhibitor) present in the circulatory system. Jablons found that the characteristic circumscribed area of blanching and induration produced by the intradermal injection of 0.05 to 0.1μg of angiotensin amide in saline solution persisted longer in hypertensive patients than in normal persons. Preliminary studies had indicated that more than 90% of the normal persons tested had areas of induration and blanching that persisted for less than 30 min, whereas more than 90% of the hypertensive persons had induration and blanching that lasted for more than 30 min. The present study was
A Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score
Authors: Katrien Wijndaele, Gaston Beunen, Nathalie Duvigneaud, Lynn Matton, William Duquet, Martine Thomis, Johan Lefevre, Renaat M. Philippaerts
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

This study was designed to validate a continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (cMSy) using the International Diabetes Federation risk factors (1). Increasing evidence supports using a cMSy instead of a binary definition for epidemiological analyses: 1 ) dichotomizing continuous outcome variables reduces statistical power (2); 2 ) cardiovascular risk is a progressive function of several metabolic syndrome (MSy) risk factors, eliminating the need to dichotomize these factors (3); and 3 ) cardiovascular and diabetes risk increase progressively with increasing numbers of MSy risk factors, eliminating the need to dichotomize …