tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of the coronary microvascular response to acetylcholine in cardiac transplant patients.
Authors: C B Treasure, J A Vita, P Ganz, T J Ryan, F J Schoen, V I Vekshtein, A C Yeung, G H Mudge, R W Alexander, A P Selwyn
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The coronary arteries of transplanted hearts frequently develop accelerated diffuse arteriosclerosis. The effects of this disease on resistance vessel function are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the integrity of endothelium-dependent small-vessel vasodilation in transplanted hearts, coronary blood flow (CBF) responses to the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) and the essentially endothelium-independent dilator adenosine (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) were assessed in 40 studies of 29 transplant patients 1-3 years after transplantation and in seven nontransplanted controls. CBF was measured at constant arterial pressure with a Doppler catheter in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Controls, year 1 transplant patients, and year 2 transplant patients had similar increases in CBF in response to acetylcholine (232 +/- 40%, 200 +/- 41%, and 201 +/- 54%, respectively; p = NS), whereas year 3 transplant patients had increased CBF of only 100 +/- 39% (p less than 0.05 versus controls). An index of the proportion of CBF reserve attributable to endothelium-dependent dilation was obtained by normalizing each patient's peak acetylcholine flow response by the peak adenosine flow response. In patients receiving both acetylcholine and adenosine, endothelium-dependent flow responses declined over time [57 +/- 9% in controls, 56 +/- 10% for year 1, 47 +/- 12% for year 2, and 29 +/- 9% for year 3 (p less than 0.05 versus controls)]. An increased mean cyclosporine level (range, 99-261 ng/ml) (r = 0.67, p = 0.004) and increased transplant recipient age (range, 20-63 years) (r = 0.51, p = 0.004) predicted a preserved endothelium-dependent microvascular response. CONCLUSIONS Thus, microvascular endothelium-dependent dilation deteriorates over time in the transplanted heart, which may reflect underlying graft arteriosclerosis and contribute to ischemic damage of the myocardium.
Mysterious slapped face rash at holiday centre.
Authors: D. J. Gunnell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To discover the cause of an outbreak of facial rash in a holiday centre.Questionnaire survey of those with rash; analysis of samples of linen.Holiday centre in south west England.98 holiday-makers presenting to the first aid post with a facial rash.Replacement of bed linen with new linen in selected parts of the site.The attack rate was 7.0-14.2/1000 for most accommodation areas in the centre, but in one accommodation area the rate was zero. The pH of rinse water from sheets varied from 7.4 to 9.0. Those parts of the accommodation provided with new linen had zero attack rates.The facial rash resulted from irritation from washing powder retained owing to insufficient rinsing during laundering. Modifications to the rinsing process led to a gradual disappearance of the rash.
Influence of Sex on the Short-term Outcome of Elderly Patients With a First Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Héctor Bueno, M. Teresa Vidán, Aureliano Almazán, José L. López-Sendón, Juan L. Delcán
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Sex seems to affect the course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the general population. Although the epidemiological importance of female sex among patients with AMI is more important from the sixth decade of life, little is known about the impact of sex on the outcome of AMI in the elderly. Methods and Results To determine the differences between sexes in the outcome of AMI in the elderly, we compared the clinical history and evolution of 204 consecutive patients (99 men, 105 women) ≥75 years of age admitted with a first AMI. Women had a higher prevalence ( P &lt;.01) of hypertension (60% versus 32%) and diabetes (41% versus 18%), whereas men were more frequently smokers (41% versus 4%, P &lt;.0001); these factors were associated with higher rates of congestive heart failure. Women showed lower ejection fractions and higher rates of congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 2.32; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.12) and shock (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.29 to 6.40). Mortality rate was higher in women (40% versus 23%, P =.01; OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.26 to 4.26); however, sex was excluded as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in every regression model tested (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.25 to 2.21). Conclusions After a first AMI, elderly women experience a more complicated hospital course than men. The increase in mortality risk seems to be related to the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on left ventricular function more than to sex itself.
Penrose Feeding Tubes
Authors: J. Richard Gaskill
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Collapsible feeding tubes have been used advantageously in various disorders, including severe esophagitis, but are difficult to pass because of their flaccidity. A satisfactory method for positioning the tubes is presented. A 3-foot length of 1/4-inch Penrose drain tubing is ligated at one end with catgut, using a slipknot. A large irrigating syringe is attached to the other end and the tube filled with water. When lubricated, it can then be easily passed through the nose, provided a pressurized column of water is maintained with the syringe. When the desired position is reached, increased syringe pressure will dislodge the ligature—if not immediately, after a period of exposure to gastric fluid. The Penrose feeding tube has a much larger inside diameter than the usual nasogastric tube, but is well tolerated because of its collapsibility. Irrigation after each feeding will maintain its patency indefinitely.
Hypertension after taking hydrallazine.
Authors: D B Webb, J P White
Journal: BMJ (1980)

conditions the balance between thromboxane and prostacyclin may be tipped more strongly in the direction of aggregation.Interestingly, the incidence of pre-eclampsia in women exposed to aspirin during pregnancy is lower since aspirin in low doses irreversibly inhibits platelet cyclo-oxygenase, the source of thromboxane A2.It is an exciting possibility that a relative deficiency of prostacyclin might be a factor in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.We are grateful to Action Research, the Wellcome Trust, and the Cilag Chemie Foundation.
Abstract 3216: Cytosolic leucine metabolism regulates the expression of prometastatic proteins: The genesis of a new druggable target
Authors: Adonia E. Papathanassiu, Hong A. Vu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Branched chain amino acid metabolism begins with the reversible transamination of the amino acids to the corresponding α-keto acids. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Bcat. The cytosolic form of this enzyme, also known as Bcat1, is thought to be expressed only in embryonic tissues, in select adult organs (brain, ovary), and in c-myc induced brain tumors. In the current study, Bcat1 is shown to be expressed by a variety of tumor cell lines including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and HT-29. Its expression appears to be associated with the ability of the cells to uptake glucose since treatment of MDA-MB-231 with 2-deoxyglucose leads to the suppression of the cellular Bcat1 levels in vitro and in vivo. In the cytosol, Bcat1 appears to complex with CD147, a protein known to promote cancer growth and metastasis through multiple pathways. Silencing of Bcat1 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells results in the downregulation of CD147, while inhibition of Bcat1 by ERG-240, a small molecule structurally related to leucine, leads to downregulation of the cell surface expressed CD147 and its transmembrane partner monocarboxylate transporter-4 (MCT-4) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. MCT-4 is known to mediate the expedient removal of lactate, a cytotoxic by-product of cancer glycolysis, from the cytosol. Furthermore, treatment of MDA-MB-435 cells with 10 mM ERG-240 results in downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) production, while treatment of normal adult fibroblasts with either ERG-240 or conditioned media of MDA-MB-435 cells previously exposed to ERG-240 results in downregulation of MMP-2 production. The later is attributed to the ability of ERG240 to suppress the presence of soluble CD147 in the conditioned media. Exocytosis of CD147 has been implicated in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche through inductions of MMPs and VEGF. Inhibition of Bcat1 by ERG-240 suppresses cell proliferation in various tumor cell lines with an IC50 value of 5 to 10 mM. ERG240-induced inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration is also observed. The results from an on-going in vivo study are presented. In summary, our experiments suggest that: a) metabolism of branched chain amino acids is intimately linked with the expression of proteins controlling metastatic activities of tumor cells and b) Bcat1, which is not expressed by normal adult tissues, is an attractive target for the development of new, non-toxic anticancer therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3216. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3216
The Binding of Human Immunoglobulin G1 Monomer and Small, Covalently Cross-Linked Polymers of Immunoglobulin G1 to Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Roger J. Kurlander, Janet Batker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Covalently cross-linked dimers and oligomers composed of 2-4 subunits of monoclonal human IgG1 were prepared by incubation of purified monomeric IgG1 with glutaraldehyde followed by gelfiltration chromatography. Monomers, dimers, and oligomers then were labeled with (125)I and used to compare the binding properties of IgG Fc receptors on human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Binding of IgG1 to monocytes at 37 degrees C and of IgG1 polymers to PMN at 4 degrees C could be readily measured and were found to be reversible and saturable. Scatchard plots of binding were linear in each instance. Monocytes bound a mean of 20,200+/-6,800 molecules/cell of IgG1 monomer at saturation and comparable amounts of dimer or oligomer. The mean association constant (Ka) for binding of IgG1 monomer to monocytes was 8.6 x 10(8)M(-1) and the Ka for binding of dimer and oligomer were three-to fivefold greater.In contrast, PMN bound a mean of 460,000+/-130,000 molecules of IgG1 dimer at saturation and comparable amounts of oligomer. The Ka of binding in both cases was 100-1,000-fold lower than the Ka for binding of the same preparations to monocytes. Binding of labeled IgG1 to both cell types was more potently inhibited by unlabeled IgG1 and IgG3 than by IgG4 or IgG2. Binding of labeled polymers of IgG1 to monocytes was 10-100-fold more easily inhibited by monomeric IgG1 than was binding to PMN. Thus, there are significant quantitative and qualitative differences between the binding properties of Fc receptors present on monocytes and PMN.
Human hybridoma and recombinant Pritumumab antibodies for treatment of human solid tumors
Authors: Rishab Gupta, Mark Glassy
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Pritumumab is a natural human IgG1 kappa antibody that has been derived from a B cell isolated from regional draining lymph node of a cervical carcinoma patient. Specificity analysis of the antibody with human tissues showed the target antigen, altered tumor-associated vimentin,
Enhanced Myocardial 18F-2-Fluoro-2-Deoxyglucose Uptake After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation Assessed by Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Eldad Rechavia, Ranil de Silva, Sudhir S Kushwaha, Christopher G Rhodes, Luis I Araujo, Terry Jones, Attilio Maseri, Magdi H Yacoub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Zinc inhibition of calmodulin: A proposed molecular mechanism of zinc action on cellular functions
Authors: George J. Brewer, Jon C. Aster, Conrad A. Knutsen, Walter C. Kruckeberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Calcium stimulates, and zinc inhibits, a wide variety of cell types. In the erythrocyte, we have found calcium and zinc to have antagonistic actions in a variety of systems. An important mechanism for calcium effects on cells is activation of calmodulin. Calmodulin is a small ubiquitous protein which, when activated by calcium, has a large array of cellular regulatory functions. We now report that calmodulin function is inhibited by low concentrations of zinc. Zinc inhibition of calmodulin provides a rational molecular mechanism for the diverse cellular inhibitory effects of zinc, as well as for zinc's antagonism of calcium effects.
Brodmann's area 44, gestural communication, and the emergence of right handedness in chimpanzees
Authors: William D. Hopkins, Claudio Cantalupo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The target article by Corballis presents an interesting and novel theoretical perspective on the evolution of language, speech, and handedness. There are two specific aspects of the article that will be addressed in this commentary: (a) the link between Broca's area and gestural communication in chimpanzees, and (b) the issue of population-level handedness in great apes, notably chimpanzees.
Dolutegravir versus raltegravir in antiretroviral-experienced, integrase-inhibitor-naive adults with HIV: week 48 results from the randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority SAILING study
Authors: Pedro Cahn, Anton L Pozniak, Horacio Mingrone, Andrey Shuldyakov, Carlos Brites, Jaime F Andrade-Villanueva, Gary Richmond, Carlos Beltran Buendia, Jan Fourie, Moti Ramgopal, Debbie Hagins, Franco Felizarta, Jose Madruga, Tania Reuter, Tamara Newman, Catherine B Small, John Lombaard, Beatriz Grinsztejn, David Dorey, Mark Underwood, Sandy Griffith, Sherene Min
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome Following Herpes Zoster Dermatitis
Authors: Julia H. Yeo, Jay S. Pepose, John A. Stewart, Paul Sternberg, Robert A. Liss
Journal: Ophthalmology (1986)

The acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome has been recently linked to intraocular infection with one or more members of the herpesvirus family. The authors report two cases of ARN following herpes zoster skin eruptions, and one case following ipsilateral facial nerve palsy (Ramsay Hunt syndrome). Evaluation of serial serum antibody titers against cytomegalovirus (CIVIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (types 1 and 2), and varicella zoster (VZ) virus revealed diagnostic changes for VZ virus alone following the retinitis. Immune precipitation of radiolabeled VZ proteins by these sera followed by gel fractionation yielded radioimmune precipitation profiles characteristic of a recent zoster reactivation. These cases further implicate a central role for VZ virus infection in the etiology of the ARN syndrome.
Abstract P3-11-01: Matched-pair analysis of patients with male and female breast cancer
Authors: M Kim, SK Lee, M-Y Choi, S Kim, J Kim, SP Jung, SY Bae, WH Kil, JE Lee, SJ Nam
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Male breast cancer (MBC) is extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies in men and only 1% of all breast carcinomas. The treatment and surveillance guidelines on male breast cancers are less recognized. The aim of this study is to evaluate our single institution's experience with MBC over the past 15 years and to contrast differences between female and MBC. Methods: MBC diagnosed from 1994 to 2010 at the Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) was retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data and tumor characteristics were examined. Each MBC was matched with female counterparts by 1:N varied matching ratio that showed accordance in seven variables (year of diagnosis, age, tumor stage, nodal stage, tumor grade, estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR)). Results: 39 male/184 female matched-pairs were available for analysis. The median duration of follow-up was 3.8 years. The median age of MBC patients was 50 years and the median size of tumor was 2.0cm. The proportion of positivity of ER and PR status was 97.4% and 84.6%, respectively. Despite of higher positive rate of hormone receptor, the rate of hormone therapy in MBC patients was significant lower than female conterpart (p = 0.002). Men and women with breast cancer had similar disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific overall survival (DSS). Five MBC patients had a recurrence during follow up period and 4 of them were expired. The 10-years DFS was 73.1% in men and 80.5% in women (p = 0.348). The 10-years DSS was 74.1% in men and 87.1% in women, respectively (p = 0.207). Conclusion: This study showed no disease free and overall survival differences between male and female breast cancer patients and revealed that gender is no predictor for survival in breast cancer. Male patients receive obviously less adjuvant treatment compared their female matched patients. It would be better to do more aggressive treatment in MBC to improve the survival outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-11-01.
Back to the Future: α-Hemolysin Activity on Blood Agar to Predict Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: Alejandro C. Arroliga, Jorge F. Velazco, John K. Midturi, Shekhar A. Ghamande
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)
Role of non-medical staff in screening for breast cancer.
Authors: W D George, R A Sellwood, D Asbury, G Hartley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

In a feasibility study of mass population screening for breast cancer by clinical examination and mammography the ability of non-medical staff (nurses and radiographers) to act as primary screeners was compared with that of medical staff (surgeons and radiologists). In 240 women with cancer the rate of detection of the disease by the non-medical staff was comparable to that of the medical staff, although the non-medical staff detected more cancers by mammography alone than did the medical staff. The rate of detection by surgeons and particularly nurses was lower in women without symptoms than in those with symptoms, whereas the incidence of detection by radiologists and radiographers was lower in women aged under 50 than in those over 50. The rate of detection by all groups of staff significantly increased with increases in tumour size. The results suggest that non-medical staff can act effectively as primary screeners, but that for the detection of cancer in asymptomatic women, particularly those over 50, mammography is probably more effective than clinical examination.
Treatment of Survivors after the Tsunami
Authors: Subsai Kongsaengdao, Sakarn Bunnag, Napa Siriwiwattnakul
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Treatment of Survivors after the Tsunamito the editor: The tsunami that struck the Asian subcontinent and Africa on December 26, 2004, caused the deaths of more than 200,000 people.In Thailand more than 10,000 people were treated in ambulatory health centers.After a tsunami, the effects on people occur in three phases.The injuries that are incompatible with life (e.g., severe cardiovascular events, head injury, and blunt injury) happen in the first minutes; then, over the following hours, complications such as massive hemorrhage, hemopneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism are seen.These are followed, in turn, by the late complications, including infectious diseases that develop over days to weeks. 1 A tsunami directly injures the victims by the mechanism of blunt trauma and penetrating injury to any part of the body. 1 Soil, small pieces of wood, and glass in the contaminated saltwater penetrate the soft tissue of victims at high velocity.Most of those who survived the disaster also had saltwater aspiration.In most of those admitted to health care facilities with cellulitis, progressive fasciitis developed unless there was prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics and aggressive débridement. 2Other common complications included bony fractures, soft-tissue contusions, hypoxic encephalopathy, and acute stress disorder.The volunteer medical team at Rajavithi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, treated 37 patients with serious medical complications.All 37 had aspirated saltwater contaminated with soil and had soft-tissue infections.Aspiration pneumonia (in 17 patients), pneumothorax (in 7), and pneumomediastinum (in 3) were the major respiratory problems.In eight patients the acute respiratory distress syndrome developed, with a progressive course in three, rapid resolution followed by severe pneumonia in three, and rapid resolution followed by mildto-moderate pneumonia in two.Burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic in this region. 3We encountered one human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient with a B. pseudomallei lung abscess and one patient with diabetes mellitus in whom acute B. pseudomallei lobar pneumonia developed (Fig. 1).Table 1 summarizes the clinical findings in these two patients, who had melioidosis after the disaster.Both were febrile, with cough, dyspnea, and sputum production, and required respiratory support.Among all the patients, cultures of blood, spu-
Convoluted Lymphocytic Lymphoma in Adults
Authors: PETER J. ROSEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Twelve adults had a distinct clinicopathologic type of malignant lymphoma that closely resembles the mediastinal lymphomas of childhood. Nine patients presented with mediastinal masses, and seven had symptoms related to intrathoracic compression. Seven patients presented with or developed leukemia, and in four of these patients the central nervous system (CNS) became involved. Structurally, the tumor cells had a distinctive stippled chromatin pattern, in addition to the characteristic nuclear convolutions. Tumor cells from five patients were studied immunologically, and, in each case, the tumor cells formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. The response to combination chemotherapy was rapid and dramatic, but usually transient, with relapse in the CNS or previously involved sites. The above data strongly suggest that these cases represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity that should be treated similarly to childhood leukemia and lymphoma, with intensive multiple agent induction, CNS prophylaxis, possibly radiation therapy to initially involved sites, and prolonged maintenance.
Informing the hospital of patients' drug regimens.
Authors: C Claoue, A R Elkington
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Patients who are admitted to Southampton Eye Hospital are asked to bring a form from their general practitioner with details of all drugs that have been prescribed and to bring all their current medications. We carried out a study to find out what proportion of patients were taking medicines by prescription only and how many of these were known to the general practitioner. Less than half of the forms completed by the general practitioners were correct.