tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of the Third Heart Sound to Transmitral Flow Velocity Deceleration
Authors: Abigail L. Manson, Scott P. Nudelman, Michael T. Hagley, Andrew F. Hall, Sándor J. Kovács
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The third heart sound (S 3 ) occurs shortly after the early (E-wave) peak of the transmitral diastolic Doppler velocity profile (DVP). It is thought to be due to cardiohemic vibrations powered by rapid deceleration of transmitral blood flow. Although the presence, timing, and clinical correlates of the S 3 have been extensively characterized, derivation and validation of a causal, mathematical relation between transmitral flow velocity and the S 3 are lacking. Methods and Results To characterize the kinematics and physiological mechanisms of S 3 production, we modeled the cardiohemic system as a forced, damped, nonlinear harmonic oscillator. The forcing term used a closed-form mathematical expression for the deceleration portion of the DVP. We tested the hypothesis that our model’s predictions for amplitude, timing, and frequency of S 3 accurately predict the transthoracic phonocardiogram, using the simultaneously recorded transmitral Doppler E wave as input, in three subject groups: those with audible pathological S 3 , those with audible physiological S 3 , and those with inaudible S 3 . Conclusions We found excellent agreement between model prediction and the observed data for all three subject groups. We conclude that, in the presence of a normal mitral valve, the kinematics of filling requires that all hearts have oscillations of the cardiohemic system during E-wave deceleration. However, the oscillations may not have high enough amplitude or frequency to be heard as an S 3 unless there is sufficiently rapid fluid deceleration (of the Doppler E-wave contour) with sufficient cardiohemic coupling.
Non-Cholera Vibrio Infections in the United States
Authors: JAMES M. HUGHES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Non-cholera vibrios are organisms that are biochemically indistinguishable from Vibrio cholerae but do not agglutinate in vibrio 0 group 1 antiserum. Since 1972 there has been a dramatic increase in the number of these organisms referred to the Center for Disease Control for identification. Clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory data were analyzed for 26 of 28 patients with isolates identified between January 1972 and March 1975. Thirteen (50%) of the isolates were obtained from feces of patients who had an acute diarrheal illness; no other pathogens were isolated from their feces, and all patients survived. Four (15%) patients had non-cholera vibrios isolated from other gastrointestinal or biliary tract sites; none of these patients had acute illness definitely attributable to non-cholera vibrios. Nine (35%) patients had non-cholera vibrios isolated from other tissues and body fluids; four deaths occurred in this group. Patients with acute diarrhea frequently had a history of recent shellfish ingestion or foreign travel, whereas some patients with systemic non-cholera vibrio infection had a history of recent occupational or recreational exposure to salt water.
Effects of isolated right and left ventricular stretch on regional arteriolar resistance
Authors: R. ZELIS, M. LOTYSH, M. BRAIS, C.-L. PENG, E. HURLEY, D. T. MASON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

In order to evaluate right and left ventricular stretch receptors without concomitantly stimulating those of the contralateral ventricle, 12 dogs were placed on total cardiopulmonary bypass. Balloons connected to compliant reservoirs were introduced into the right and left ventricles. Changes in systemic, gracilis muscle, and paw perfusion pressure at a constant flow were used as indices of systemic, muscle, and cutaneous vascular resistance. To induce left ventricular stretch, the balloon in that chanber was rapidly inflated from a mean pressure of 1.33 kPa (10 mmHg) to a mean pressure of 7.32 kPa (55 mmHg) for 15 s (6.00 kPa [45 mmHg] increment). For right ventricular stretch, the pressure was increased from 0.67 to 4.00 kPa (5 to 30 mmHg) for 30 s (3.34 kPa [25 mmHg] increment). Both left and right ventricular stretch produced a significant fall in systemic (-4.92 kPa [-37 mmHg], -36%) and gracilis muscle (-5.59 kPa [-42 mmHg],-30%) perfusion pressure, with only minimal changes in cutaneous vascular resistance (-0.80 kPa [-6 mmHg], -4%). This reflex was found to be vagally mediated, to have a low threshold for stimulation (left ventricle, 0.67 kPa [5 mmHg] increment; right ventricle, 1.33 kPa [10 mmHg] increment), and to have a neurogenic sympathetic alpha-adrenergic efferent limb. The low threshold for stimulation suggests that these reflexes may play a physiological role with changes in body position and may be important in such pathological conditions as semilunar valvular stenosis and myocardial infarction.
Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of various grades of selective adenosine transport inhibition in humans. Implications for its future role in cardioprotection.
Authors: G A Rongen, P Smits, K Ver Donck, J J Willemsen, R A De Abreu, H Van Belle, T Thien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

In 12 healthy male volunteers (27-53 yr), a placebo-controlled randomized double blind cross-over trial was performed to study the effect of the intravenous injection of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 mg draflazine (a selective nucleoside transport inhibitor) on hemodynamic and neurohumoral parameters and ex vivo nucleoside transport inhibition. We hypothesized that an intravenous draflazine dosage without effect on hemodynamic and neurohumoral parameters would still be able to augment the forearm vasodilator response to intraarterially infused adenosine. Heart rate (electrocardiography), systolic blood pressure (Dinamap 1846 SX; Critikon, Portanje Electronica BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands) plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine increased dose-dependently and could almost totally be abolished by caffeine pretreatment indicating the involvement of adenosine receptors. Draflazine did not affect forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography). Intravenous injection of 0.5 mg draflazine did not affect any of the measured hemodynamic parameters but still induced a significant ex vivo nucleoside-transport inhibition of 31.5 +/- 4.1% (P < 0.05 vs placebo). In a subgroup of 10 subjects the brachial artery was cannulated to infuse adenosine (0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, and 50 micrograms/100 ml forearm per min) before and after intravenous injection of 0.5 mg draflazine. Forearm blood flow amounted 1.9 +/- 0.3 ml/100 ml forearm per min for placebo and 1.8 +/- 0.2, 2.0 +/- 0.3, 3.8 +/- 0.9, 6.3 +/- 1.2, 11.3 +/- 2.2, and 19.3 +/- 3.9 ml/100 ml forearm per min for the six incremental adenosine dosages, respectively. After the intravenous draflazine infusion, these values were 1.6 +/- 0.2 ml/100 ml forearm per min for placebo and 2.1 +/- 0.3, 3.3 +/- 0.6, 5.8 +/- 1.1, 6.9 +/- 1.4, 14.4 +/- 2.9, and 23.5 +/- 4.0 ml/100 ml forearm per min, respectively (Friedman ANOVA: P < 0.05 before vs after draflazine infusion). In conclusion, a 30-50% inhibition of adenosine transport significantly augments the forearm vasodilator response to adenosine without significant systemic effects. These results suggest that draflazine is a feasible tool to potentiate adenosine-mediated cardioprotection in man.
The Role of SPINK1 in ETS Rearrangement-Negative Prostate Cancers
Authors: Scott A. Tomlins, Daniel R. Rhodes, Jianjun Yu, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Rohit Mehra, Sven Perner, Francesca Demichelis, Beth E. Helgeson, Bharathi Laxman, David S. Morris, Qi Cao, Xuhong Cao, Ove Andrén, Katja Fall, Laura Johnson, John T. Wei, Rajal B. Shah, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, James A. Eastham, Scott E. Eggener, Samson W. Fine, Kristina Hotakainen, Ulf-Håkan Stenman, Alex Tsodikov, William L. Gerald, Hans Lilja, Victor E. Reuter, Phillip W. Kantoff, Peter T. Scardino, Mark A. Rubin, Anders S. Bjartell, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
The Value of Irradiated Cholesterol in the Treatment of Rickets
Authors: L. G. Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1926)

nients are concerned, I have got no evidence thlat enlarged tonisils of the type seen so commonily in chlildren are pro- duced by dietetic defect, but this may be because dogs do not develop the condition at all, or because I do not keep them long enough on bad diets.Clinically, lhowever, it would probably be agreed that chronic catarrh of the respiratory passages of children, tendenicy to broncho- plneumonia, rickets, attacks of diarrlhoea, and, later, enlarged tonsils, are intimately related.The catarrhal condition in children may develop at any time, but often it appears in the first #ew weeks of life and before post-natal conditions in tlhemselves could be accounted responsible for the absence of all resistance to this typo of infection.It seems to me that such cases can probably be explained on the basis of defective feeding of the mother during pregnancy, and the defects are probably of the type indicated by some of the experimental work on anlimals described in this lecture-namelv, a deficiency in the diet of foods containing fat-soluble vitamin, such as milk, eggs, butter, cheese, animal and fish fat, and a Fin.9.-Photographs of two puPpies-E (701) and F (708)-after eig^hteen weeks of defective diet.Animal 708 (badly fed mother) has developed severe " adult rickets "as compared w~ith 701 (well fed mllother).F?or radiographs and details as to diet see Fig. 8 in special plate.relative excess of ceieals such as bread, oatmeal, and rice, andf other foodstuffs deficient in vitamin A. The bavsis of tlwics ssllestion I hlave givenl above, and mlaa be summarized a, follow-s:(1) It has been shown expeirimentally that these defects in the maternal diet increase the tendency of the offspring -to develop rickets.(2) The same defects in the diet seem, on the basis of the .statisticssupplied above, to increase the susceptibility of young animals to bronchopneumonia and inflammatory conditions of the respiratory tiract, and, in general, to result in puppies of lowered vitality.(3) It is well known that the catairhal child may develop this condition shortly after birth, and that it has a great tendency to become rachitic and to develop bronchopneumonia.
Southall loses appeal against being struck off
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The paediatrician David Southall has lost his legal challenge to a decision to strike him off the UK medical register for accusing a mother without justification of drugging and murdering her 10 year old son.

At the High Court in London Mr Justice Blake said that Dr Southall’s conduct was “truly shocking” and “an abuse of the role of consultant and expert instructed in ongoing litigation.”

Dr Southall was appealing against a finding of serious professional misconduct by a General Medical Council fitness to practise panel and an order striking him off the register in December 2007 ( BMJ 2007;335:1174, doi:10.1136/bmj.39420.690845.DB).

Described by the judge as “a consultant paediatrician of national and international renown,” Dr Southall was a leading specialist in the field of child protection in the 1980s and 1990s. But he faced a barrage of complaints by parents, who accused him of overzealousness. …
Human Fetal Serum Cortisol Levels at Delivery: A Review
Authors: BEVERLEY E. PEARSON MURPHY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1983)

Journal Article Human Fetal Serum Cortisol Levels at Delivery: A Review Get access Beverley E. Pearson Murphy Beverley E. Pearson Murphy 1Reproductive Physiology Unit, Montreal General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrine Reviews, Volume 4, Issue 2, 1 April 1983, Pages 150–154, https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-4-2-150 Published: 01 April 1983
Polyclinics may damage GP-patient relationship, study says
Authors: Aliya Razaaq
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The introduction of polyclinics in England could have damaging effects on the relationship between patients and their GP, a new study claims.

The research, carried out at the University of Leicester, indicates that the proposed model of polyclinics could undermine trust and cooperation between patients and GPs.

A total of 279 patients took part in the study, which involved respondents completing a questionnaire that focused on continuity of care. The findings showed that trust was more likely to be promoted when care …
Overexpression of Prostate-Specific <i>TMPRSS2(exon 0)-ERG</i> Fusion Transcripts Corresponds with Favorable Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Karin G. Hermans, Joost L. Boormans, Delila Gasi, Geert J.H.L. van Leenders, Guido Jenster, Paul C.M.S. Verhagen, Jan Trapman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

To gain insight in the mechanism and clinical relevance of TMPRSS2-ERG expression in prostate cancer, we determined the specific characteristics of fusion transcripts starting at TMPRSS2 exon 1 and at a more upstream and less characterized exon 0.We used quantitative PCR analysis to investigate expression of wild-type TMPRSS2(exon 0) and TMPRSS2(exon 1) and of ERG fusion transcripts. Expression was tested in normal tissue samples, in prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts, and in fresh-frozen clinical prostate cancer samples (primary tumors and recurrences). Expression in clinical samples was correlated with disease progression.TMPRSS2(exon 0) and TMPRSS2(exon 1) transcripts were similarly androgen regulated in prostate cancer cell lines, but the expression levels of TMPRSS2(exon 1) were much higher. Comparison of expression in different tissues showed TMPRSS2(exon 0) expression to be much more prostate specific. In androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer xenografts, TMPRSS2(exon 1) transcripts were expressed at similar levels, but TMPRSS2(exon 0) transcripts were expressed at very variable levels. The same phenomenon was observed for TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts. In clinical prostate cancers, the expression of TMPRSS2(exon 0)-ERG was even more variable. Expression of TMPRSS2(exon 0)-ERG transcripts was detected in 55% (24 of 44) of gene fusion-positive primary tumors but only in 15% (4 of 27) of gene fusion-positive recurrences and at much lower levels. Furthermore, in primary tumors, expression of TMPRSS2(exon 0)-ERG transcripts was an independent predictor of biochemical progression-free survival.The expression of TMPRSS2(exon 0)-ERG fusion transcripts in prostate cancer is associated with a less-aggressive biological behavior.
Effects of candesartan on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in patients with congestive heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Shu Kasama, Takuji Toyama, Hisao Kumakura, Yoshiaki Takayama, Shuichi Ichikawa, Tadashi Suzuki, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Effect of NSAIDs on risk of Alzheimer's disease: Confounding factors were not discussed
Authors: M. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—In their study of the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Etminan et al did not consider possible confounding factors for what is currently only an observed reduction in risk.1

What if having osteoarthritis is negatively associated with developing Alzheimer's disease? Presumably some form of osteoarthritis is the likely reason why older people are receiving NSAIDs. Both conditions have genetic and environmental components that may well be mutually exclusive.

That NSAIDs offer some protection against the development of Alzheimer's disease cannot yet be stated with confidence. As Davey Smith and Ebrahim pointed out in an editorial, an association does not show causation, and doctors have been caught out giving poorly based and premature advice (and treatment) before.2

A recently published randomised controlled trial did not show any benefit from either naproxen or rofecoxib in preventing the progression of early Alzheimer's disease.3 We may be no further forward in being able to prevent or treat this condition.
Corticosteroids for asthma may suppress growth in children in first year of treatment, researchers say
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Children with persistent asthma who are treated with daily inhaled corticosteroids may grow half a centimetre less during the first year of treatment, say two systematic reviews published in the Cochrane Library.1 2

“But this effect is less pronounced in subsequent years, is not cumulative, and seems minor compared to the known benefits of the drugs for controlling asthma and ensuring full lung growth,” said the lead author of one of the reviews, Linjie Zhang, of the Federal University of Rio Grande in …
Identification of a Meckel’s Diverticulum by Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: S. Gölder, J. Schmidt, P. Kolmsee, K. Rösner, M. Strik, W. Mohren, N. Weigert
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Figure 1 A 13-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital due to recurrent severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Prior to admission a further severe bleeding occured, causing a minimum hemoglobin level of 6.0 g/dl. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, magnetic resonance enteroclysis, and Meckel’s scan had not identify the bleeding site. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE; Given M2A, Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel) was performed as the next diagnostic procedure. WCE did not demonstrate an active bleeding, but identified a small diverticular like orifice in the middle part of the ileum (arrow II). The capsule video endoscope rested for a few seconds above this orifice. Small bowel lumen (arrow I) was identified following further propulsion of the endoscope.
Right Atrial Angiographic Evaluation of the Posterior Isthmus
Authors: Hein Heidbüchel, Rik Willems, Hennie van Rensburg, Jef Adams, Hugo Ector, Frans Van de Werf
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Gaining anatomic information about the posterior isthmus is not generally part of flutter ablation procedures. We postulated that right atrial (RA) angiography could rationalize the ablation approach by revealing the conformation of the isthmus. Methods and Results —In 100 consecutive patients, biplane RA angiography was performed before ablation to guide catheter contact with the isthmus along its length. Angiography showed a wide variation in the width of the isthmus (17 to 54 mm; 31.3±7.9), its angle with the inferior vena cava in the right anterior oblique projection (68° to 114°; 90.3±9.0°), and its lateral position relative to the inferior vena cava in the left anterior oblique projection. A deep sub-Eustachian recess was revealed in 47%, with a mean depth of 4.3±2.1 mm (1.5 to 9.4). A Eustachian valve was visualized in 24%. Ablation resulted in bidirectional conduction block (which could be transient) in all, with a median of 2 dragging radiofrequency (RF) applications (2.3±2.5 RF applications; 57°C, ≤99 seconds each). Permanent block was achieved in 99%, with a median of 3 RF applications (3.4±3.0). The presence of a Eustachian valve or concave isthmus was associated with statistically more RF applications; the same trend was seen for patients with deep pouches. The number of RF applications decreased statistically throughout the study, indicating a learning curve. No patient had a recurrence after a follow-up of 13±11 months. Conclusions —Right atrial angiography reveals a highly variable isthmus anatomy, often showing particular configurations that can make ablation more laborious. Rational adaptation of the ablation approach to these anatomic findings may contribute to successful ablation.
Abstract B51: Management of ascites via the alfa-pump closed system in platinum-resistant-ovarian-cancer (PROC): A model of sequential non-invasive tumor-cell sampling through the urinary bladder
Authors: Christina Fotopoulou, Laura Spiers, Delali Adjogatse, Emily Pickford, Roberto Dina, Sara Blagden, Nagy Habib, Hani Gabra
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Malignant ascites in PROC is a therapeutic dilemma. The Sequana-Medical alfapump-System (AP), a remotely controlled device connecting the patients'peritoneal cavity to their urinary bladder, has been evaluated for ascites in liver cirrhosis, but not as yet for malignant ascites. Methods: We implanted the AP in the peritoneal cavity of two heavily pretreated PROC-patients (67y and 70y) who required repetitive ascites drainages monthly. We cross correlated the electronic download of recorded volume pumped (intraperitoneally→bladder) with weekly ultrasound, monthly cystoscopies and QoL-evaluation. Early morning urine for evaluation of cytology and tumor-cell molecular analysis was collected weekly. Results: The implantation was under general anesthesia in a 60- and 35-minute procedure. The pump, draining 350ml – 500ml ascites/day successfully drained the ascites to dryness after 3 days (1stpatient) and 8 days (2ndpatient). The patients did not report pollakiuria or dysuria, merely an increased micturition volume. The 1st patient died of disease progression 2 months later; the 2nd patient we noticed a gradual amelioration of peripheral edemas and overall performance-status within 3 weeks after insertion and was able to commence weekly chemotherapy with paclitaxel. Histopathological analysis of the urine revealed rich malignant cell content; this was used to create FFPE-cell-blocks for molecular- pathological profiling with sequential Caris-Target-Now-analysis and full exome-sequencing. QoL as measured by the EORTC QlQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-OV28 showed high interindividual differences and only minimal influence by the pump. Conclusion: This innovative approach addresses an area of unmet need for the control of malignant ascites and provides a non-invasive method of collecting tumor tissue for continuous molecular tumor characterization. A EUTROC-multicenter randomized-trial (AMAZE) is planned for evaluation of clinical and translational implications in PROC. Citation Format: Christina Fotopoulou, Laura Spiers, Delali Adjogatse, Emily Pickford, Roberto Dina, Sara Blagden, Nagy Habib, Hani Gabra. Management of ascites via the alfa-pump closed system in platinum-resistant-ovarian-cancer (PROC): A model of sequential non-invasive tumor-cell sampling through the urinary bladder. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B51.
Childhood Separation Anxiety and the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Adult Anxiety
Authors: Barbara Milrod, John C. Markowitz, Andrew J. Gerber, Jill Cyranowski, Margaret Altemus, Theodore Shapiro, Myron Hofer, Charles Glatt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Clinically significant separation anxiety disorder in childhood leads to adult panic disorder and other anxiety disorders. The prevailing pathophysiological model of anxiety disorders, which emphasizes extinction deficits of fear-conditioned responses, does not fully consider the role of separation anxiety. Pathological early childhood attachments have far-reaching consequences for the later adult ability to experience and internalize positive relationships in order to develop mental capacities for self-soothing, anxiety tolerance, affect modulation, and individuation. Initially identified in attachment research, the phenomenon of separation anxiety is supported by animal model, neuroimaging, and genetic studies. A role of oxytocin is postulated. Adults, inured to their anxiety, often do not identify separation anxiety as problematic, but those who develop anxiety and mood disorders respond more poorly to both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. This poorer response may reflect patients' difficulty in forming and maintaining attachments, including therapeutic relationships. Psychotherapies that focus on relationships and separation anxiety may benefit patients with separation anxiety by using the dyadic therapist-patient relationship to recapture and better understand important elements of earlier pathological parent-child relationships.