tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation between echographic gastric emptying and appetite: influence of psyllium.
Authors: J F Bergmann, O Chassany, A Petit, R Triki, C Caulin, J M Segrestaa
Journal: Gut (1992)

The correlation between ultrasonographic gastric emptying and appetite was studied. Echographic evaluation of gastric emptying by measurement of the antral vertical diameter and assessment of sensations of hunger and satiety using analogue visual scales were performed simultaneously in 12 healthy volunteers. Measurements were carried out after the intake of 10.8 g psyllium or placebo in a randomised, crossover, double blind trial. The correlation between echographic gastric emptying and sensations of hunger and satiety was excellent (p &lt; 0.001) after the intake of either psyllium or placebo. Psyllium significantly delayed gastric emptying from the third hour after a meal. It increased the sensation of satiety and decreased hunger at the sixth hour after the meal. The association between echographic measurement and visual scales is a simple method of evaluating the relationship between the stomach and appetite. The pharmacodynamic effect of psyllium should be confirmed by longterm therapeutic trials.
The Relationship of Atherosclerosis to the 10-Year Cumulative Incidence of Age-related Macular Degeneration: The Beaver Dam Studies
Authors: Ronald Klein, Karen J. Cruickshanks, Chelsea E. Myers, Theru A. Sivakumaran, Sudha K. Iyengar, Stacy M. Meuer, Carla R. Schubert, Ronald E. Gangnon, Barbara E.K. Klein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Identification of an Epitope on the <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> 170-kD Lectin Conferring Antibody-mediated Protection against Invasive Amebiasis
Authors: Hannelore Lotter, Tonghai Zhang, Karl B. Seydel, Samuel L. Stanley, Egbert Tannich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms and the failure to eradicate infection by a number of important pathogens has led to increased efforts to develop vaccines to prevent infectious diseases. However, the nature of the immune response to vaccination with a given antigen can be complex and unpredictable. An example is the galactose– and N-acetylgalactosamine–inhibitable lectin, a surface antigen of Entamoeba histolytica that has been identified as a major candidate in a vaccine to prevent amebiasis. Vaccination with the lectin can induce protective immunity to amebic liver abscess in some animals, but others of the same species exhibit exacerbations of disease after vaccination. To better understand this phenomenon, we used recombinant proteins corresponding to four distinct domains of the molecule, and synthetic peptides to localize both protective and exacerbative epitopes of the heavy chain subunit of the lectin. We show that protective immunity after vaccination can be correlated with the development of an antibody response to a region of 25 amino acid residues of the lectin, and have confirmed the importance of the antibody response to this region by passive immunization studies. In addition, we show that exacerbation of disease can be linked to the development of antibodies that bind to an NH2-terminal domain of the lectin. These findings are clinically relevant, as individuals who are colonized with E. histolytica but are resistant to invasive disease have a high prevalence of antibodies to the protective epitope(s), compared to individuals with a history of invasive amebiasis. These studies should enable us to develop an improved vaccine for amebiasis, and provide a model for the identification of protective and exacerbative epitopes of complex antigens.
Two Unusual Cases of Appendicitis
Authors: N. H. Bolton
Journal: BMJ (1942)

loss" for whom the routine size is impracticable.Indeed, many women with a normal loss find the present size of pack inadequate for even a short period of time during the first two days of menstruation.Lastly, the supply for one period-viz., twelve pads-would always be better subdivided into four groups of three pads each in a plain opaque wrapper, thus forming the " supply for one day," which could be carried unnoticed in the handbag. Medical MemorandaTwo Unusual Cases of-AppendicitisThe following cases are worth recording on account of the
UK funded research on diseases that are a global threat must be made openly available, Cameron tells G7 summit
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The United Kingdom may become the first country in the world to require full transparency of government funded clinical trials on diseases that threaten global security.

The prime minister, David Cameron, told the G7 summit in Germany that the world must be far better prepared for the next Ebola-type virus. He said that, from now on, any UK funded research on diseases that are a threat to global health security will be made openly available and that the UK will look to develop an international agreement that would see the publication of results from all clinical trials of vaccines for relevant diseases.

The commitment relates to research on diseases such as the Ebola …
Exploiting metabolic inhibition to eradicate residual tumors after chemo-immunotherapy
Authors: Tsadik Habtetsion, Gang Zhou
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Cancer cells have long been known to exhibit metabolic reprogramming which involves a shift towards glycolysis. The enhanced glycolysis of cancer cells not only impose nutrient restriction in the tumor microenvironment, but also contribute to the acidic environment which is
Prevalence, Racial Variations, and Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Singaporean Chinese, Indians, and Malays
Authors: Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung, Xiang Li, Ching-Yu Cheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Paul Mitchell, Jie Jin Wang, Tien Yin Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Biological maturation of youth athletes: assessment and implications
Authors: Robert M Malina, Alan D Rogol, Sean P Cumming, Manuel J Coelho e Silva, Antonio J Figueiredo
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

The search for talent is pervasive in youth sports. Selection/exclusion in many sports follows a maturity-related gradient largely during the interval of puberty and growth spurt. As such, there is emphasis on methods for assessing maturation. Commonly used methods for assessing status (skeletal age, secondary sex characteristics) and estimating timing (ages at peak height velocity (PHV) and menarche) in youth athletes and two relatively recent anthropometric (non-invasive) methods (status—percentage of predicted near adult height attained at observation, timing—predicted maturity offset/age at PHV) are described and evaluated. The latter methods need further validation with athletes. Currently available data on the maturity status and timing of youth athletes are subsequently summarised. Selection for sport and potential maturity-related correlates are then discussed in the context of talent development and associated models. Talent development from novice to elite is superimposed on a constantly changing base—the processes of physical growth, biological maturation and behavioural development, which occur simultaneously and interact with each other. The processes which are highly individualised also interact with the demands of a sport per se and with involved adults (coaches, trainers, administrators, parents/guardians).
Phase II Study of Weekly Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine for Children With Recurrent or Refractory Hodgkin's Disease: A Children's Oncology Group Report
Authors: Peter D. Cole, Cindy L. Schwartz, Richard A. Drachtman, Pedro A. de Alarcon, Lu Chen, Tanya M. Trippett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

The Children's Oncology Group conducted this phase II study to assess the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine and vinorelbine (GV) in pediatric patients with heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease. Both agents have significant single-agent response rates in this setting.
Ritualized behavior in animals and humans: Time, space, and attention
Authors: David Eilam
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

A study of the organization of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rituals in time and space illuminates a postulated mechanism on shifting focus in action parsing, from mid-ranged actions to finer movements (gestures). Performance of OCD rituals also involves high concentration rather than the automated, less attended performance of rituals in normal and stereotyped behaviors in animals and humans.
Serologic assessment of the risk of developing chronic Q fever in cohorts of acutely infected individuals
Authors: Min-Nan Hung, Li-Jen Lin, Min-Yi Hou, Po-Shan Lin, Yung-Chun Wang, Pei-Yun Shu, Chien-Chou Lin, Hsiu-Ying Lu, Yung-Ching Liu
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Structure and regulation of the anthranilate synthase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: I. Sequence of trpG encoding the glutamine amidotransferase subunit.
Authors: I P Crawford, L Eberly
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1986)

We have determined the DNA sequence of the distal 148 codons of trpE and all of trpG in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These genes encode, respectively, the large and small (glutamine amidotransferase) subunits of anthranilate synthase, the first enzyme in the tryptophan synthetic pathway. The sequenced region of trpE is homologous with the distal portion of E. coli and Bacillus subtilis trpE, whereas the trpG sequence is homologous to the glutamine amidotransferase subunit genes of a number of bacterial and fungal anthranilate synthases. The two coding sequences overlap by 23 bp. Codon usage in these Pseudomonas genes shows a marked preference for codons ending in G or C, thereby resembling that of trpB, trpA, and several other chromosomal loci from this species and others with a high G + C content in their DNA. The deduced amino acid sequence for the P. aeruginosa trpG gene product differs to a surprising extent from the directly determined amino acid sequence of the glutamine amidotransferase subunit of P. putida anthranilate synthase (Kawamura et al. 1978). This suggests that these two proteins are encoded by loci that duplicated much earlier in the phylogeny of these organisms but have recently assumed the same function. We have also determined 490 bp of DNA sequence distal to trpG but have not ascertained the function of this segment, though it is rich in dyad symmetries.
Blood gas estimations from arterialized capillary blood versus arterial puncture: are they different?
Authors: JM Hughes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Blood gas estimations from arterialized capillary blood versus arterial puncture: are they different? The answer to this question is that the oxygen tension (PO2) of arte- rial blood must be higher than the PO2 of so-called arte- rialized blood flowing freely from the ear lobe after it has been pierced by a scalpel. This is because there is a gradient of PO2 from around 13 kPa (98 mmHg) at the arterial end of the capillary bed to 5 kPa (38 mmHg) at the venous end. Fluid collected from the cut ear lobe is a mixture of blood from capillaries and venules. Never- theless, it is well-known that under certain circumstances, the differences are so small that the arterial and arteri- alized estimations are, for practical purposes, identical. How is this possible? As already mentioned, the normal arteriovenous dif- ference for PO2 at rest is 8 kPa (60 mmHg), increasing to 10 kPa (75 mmHg) on light exercise and to 70.7 kPa (530 mmHg) at least when breathing 100% oxygen. This difference can be reduced by increasing ear lobe blood flow relative to oxygen consumption by vasodilatation, either by heat or by application of a vasoactive cream. No one knows the magnitude of the changes induced in the human ear lobe by such manoeuvres, but it would be interesting to find out! For example, increasing the ratio of blood flow to oxygen consumption fivefold would reduce the arteriovenous oxygen content differ- ence from 5 mL per 100 mL to 1 mL per 100 mL, and the arteriovenous PO2 difference to 4.0 kPa (30 mmHg), assuming a normal PO2 of 13 kPa (98 mmHg). Provided sufficient vasodilatation could be achieved, arterial and venous PO2 in the ear lobe would tend to converge, and the arterialized PO2 would come to resemble the arte- rial PO2.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction During Sustained Moderate Ischemia in Pigs
Authors: Frank R. Heinzel, Petra Gres, Kerstin Boengler, Alexej Duschin, Ina Konietzka, Tienush Rassaf, Julia Snedovskaya, Stephanie Meyer, Andreas Skyschally, Malte Kelm, Gerd Heusch, Rainer Schulz
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

In acute myocardial ischemia, regional blood flow and function are proportionally reduced. With prolongation of ischemia, function further declines at unchanged blood flow. We studied the involvement of an inflammatory signal cascade in such progressive dysfunction and whether dysfunction is intrinsic to cardiomyocytes. In 10 pigs, ischemia was induced by adjusting inflow into the cannulated left anterior coronary artery to reduce coronary arterial pressure to 45 mm Hg (ISCH); 4 pigs received the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitors aminoguanidine or L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine during ISCH (ISCH+iNOS-Inhib); 6 pigs served as controls (SHAM). Anterior (AW) and posterior (PW) systolic wall thickening (sonomicrometry) were measured. After 6 hours, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) protein expression, NOS activity, and NO metabolites (nitrite/nitrate/nitroso species) were quantified in biopsies isolated from AW and PW. Cardiomyocyte shortening and intracellular calcium (Indo-1 acetoxymethyl ester) were measured without and with the NOS substrate L-arginine (100 micromol/L). In ISCH, AW wall thickening decreased from 42+/-4% (baseline) to 16+/-3% (6 hours). Wall thickening remained unchanged in ISCH-PW and SHAM-AW/PW. NOS2 (iNOS) protein expression and activity, but not NOS3 (endothelial NO synthase), were increased in ISCH-AW and ISCH-PW. iNOS expression correlated with increased nitrite contents. Cardiomyocyte shortening was reduced in ISCH-AW versus SHAM-AW (4.4+/-0.3% versus 5.6+/-0.3%). L-Arginine reduced cardiomyocyte shortening further in ISCH-AW (to 2.8+/-0.2%) and ISCH-PW (3.4+/-0.4% versus 5.4+/-0.4%) but not in SHAM or in ISCH+iNOS-Inhib; intracellular [Ca(2+)] remained unchanged. With L-arginine, in vitro AW cardiomyocyte shortening correlated with in vivo AW wall thickening (r=0.72). In conclusion, sustained regional ischemia induces myocardial iNOS expression in pigs, which contributes to contractile dysfunction at the cardiomyocyte level.
Vitamin D Binding Protein (Gc-Globulin)*
Authors: NANCY E. COOKE, JOHN G. HADDAD
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1989)

UNLIKE other hydrophobic hormone-binding systems in mammalian plasma, the binding protein for vitamin D and its metabolites circulates in remarkably higher titer (5 × 10−6 M) compared to its major circulating ligand 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) (5 × 10−8 M), and displays a rapid turnover rate (1) (see Table 1). Initially characterized as group-specific component or Gc-globulin, its identity with the plasma vitamin D binding protein (DBP) was discovered in 1975 (2). This hepatic protein has a strong homology with serum albumin (ALB) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) (3, 4). Although many thousands of sera have been tested, deletion or gross alteration of the DBP gene has not been detected, lending support to the notion that such mutations might be lethal. Since analbuminemia and abnormalities of other plasma binding proteins do not appear to cause disease (5–7), DBP activities are presumably vital. In recent years, new observations on the structure, origin, associations, and activities of DBP have been made. It is the purpose of this paper to review these findings and provide an update of recent developments in our understanding of this protein and its functions.
Active Immunization: Current Considerations
Authors: M H SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regulation of T Cell Receptor δ Gene Rearrangement by CBF/PEBP2
Authors: Pilar Lauzurica, Xiao-Ping Zhong, Michael S. Krangel, Joseph L. Roberts
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

We have analyzed transgenic mice carrying versions of a human T cell receptor (TCR)-δ gene minilocus to study the developmental control of VDJ (variable/diversity/joining) recombination. Previous data indicated that a 1.4-kb DNA fragment carrying the TCR-δ enhancer (Eδ) efficiently activates minilocus VDJ recombination in vivo. We tested whether the transcription factor CBF/PEBP2 plays an important role in the ability of Eδ to activate VDJ recombination by analyzing VDJ recombination in mice carrying a minilocus in which the δE3 element of Eδ includes a mutated CBF/PEBP2 binding site. The enhancer-dependent VD to J step of minilocus rearrangement was dramatically inhibited in three of four transgenic lines, arguing that the binding of CBF/PEBP2 plays a role in modulating local accessibility to the VDJ recombinase in vivo. Because mutation of the δE3 binding site for the transcription factor c-Myb had previously established a similar role for c-Myb, and because a 60-bp fragment of Eδ carrying δE3 and δE4 binding sites for CBF/PEBP2, c-Myb, and GATA-3 displays significant enhancer activity in transient transfection experiments, we tested whether this fragment of Eδ is sufficient to activate VDJ recombination in vivo. This fragment failed to efficiently activate the enhancerdependent VD to J step of minilocus rearrangement in all three transgenic lines examined, indicating that the binding of CBF/PEBP2 and c-Myb to their cognate sites within Eδ, although necessary, is not sufficient for the activation of VDJ recombination by Eδ. These results imply that CBF/PEBP2 and c-Myb collaborate with additional factors that bind elsewhere within Eδ to modulate local accessibility to the VDJ recombinase in vivo.
Cytokine mRNA profiling identifies B cells as a major source of RANKL in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L. Yeo, K.-M. Toellner, M. Salmon, A. Filer, C. D. Buckley, K. Raza, D. Scheel-Toellner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a complex cytokine network drives chronic inflammation and joint destruction. So far, few attempts have been made to identify the cellular sources of individual cytokines systematically. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was systematically to assess the cytokine messenger RNA expression profiles in the five largest cell populations in the synovial fluid and peripheral blood of RA patients. To reflect the in vivo situation as closely as possible, the cells were neither cultured nor stimulated ex vivo. <h3>Methods</h3> Inflammatory cells from 12 RA patients were sorted into CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells, macrophages and neutrophils. mRNA expression for 41 cytokines was determined by real-time PCR using microfluidic cards. Receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) (TNFSF11) expression by B cells was further confirmed by flow cytometry and by immunofluorescence staining of frozen sections of synovial tissue from patients with RA. <h3>Results</h3> The detection of cytokines characteristic for T cells and myeloid cells in the expected populations validated this methodology. Beyond the expected cytokine patterns, novel observations were made. Striking among these was the high expression of mRNA for RANKL in B cells from synovial fluid. This observation was validated at the protein level in synovial tissue and fluid. <h3>Conclusions</h3> RANKL, the key cytokine driving bone destruction by osteoclast activation, is produced by synovial B cells in RA. This observation is of importance for our understanding of the role of B cells in RA and their therapeutic targeting.
The efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for house dust mites respiratory allergy: results of a GA²LEN meta‐analysis
Authors: E. Compalati, G. Passalacqua, M. Bonini, G. W. Canonica
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Recent meta-analyses documented the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AA). Although SLIT appeared globally effective, the sub-analyses for single allergens provided uncertain results. This study is aimed to investigate the efficacy of SLIT with house dust mite (HDM) extracts in AR and AA through an updated reassessment of randomized controlled trials. Electronic databases were searched up to March 31, 2008, for randomized DBPC trials, assessing the efficacy of SLIT in AR and AA due to HDM sensitization. Outcomes were symptom scores and rescue medications use. For AR, eight studies fulfilled the selection criteria. A significant reduction in symptoms of AR (SMD -0.95; CI 95%-1.77 to -0.14 P = 0.02) was found in 194 patients (adults and children) receiving SLIT compared to 188 receiving placebo. For AA, with nine studies, similar results were found for symptoms (SMD -0.95; CI 95%-1.74 to -0.15 P = 0.02) in 243 patients (adults and children) receiving SLIT compared to 209 receiving placebo. A reduction in rescue medication use was found for AR (SMD -1.88; CI 95%-3.65 to -0.12 P = 0.04) in 89 patients, and AA (SMD -1.48; CI 95%-2.70 to -0.26 P = 0.02) in 202 patients. A relevant inter-study heterogeneity was detected. Promising evidence of efficacy for SLIT, using mite extract in allergic patients suffering from AR and AA, are herein shown. These findings suggest that more data are needed, derived from large-population-based high quality studies, and corroborated by objective outcomes, mainly for AA.