tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Marit Sijbrandij, Miranda Olff, Johannes B. Reitsma, Ingrid V.E. Carlier, Mirjam H. de Vries, Berthold P.R. Gersons
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of brief cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from various types of psychological trauma.The authors randomly assigned 143 patients with acute PTSD (irrespective of the time criterion), within 3 months after experiencing a traumatic incident, to either brief cognitive behavioral therapy (N=79) or a waiting list comparison group (N=64). Cognitive behavioral therapy consisted of four weekly sessions containing education, relaxation exercises, imaginal exposure, in vivo exposure, and cognitive restructuring. Main outcome measure was PTSD score measured by structured interview; secondary outcomes were anxiety and depression measured by questionnaire. Assessments took place before the intervention and 1 week and 4 months after the intervention.Symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression decreased in both groups over time. One week after the intervention, the cognitive behavioral therapy group had significantly fewer symptoms of PTSD than the comparison group, but this difference was smaller and no longer significant 4 months after the intervention. Similar results were found for anxiety and depression scores. Subgroup analyses showed that cognitive behavioral therapy led to significantly lower PTSD scores at 4 months in patients with baseline comorbid major depression and in patients who were included within the first month after the traumatic incident both at 1 week and at 4 months.Brief early cognitive behavioral therapy accelerated recovery from symptoms of acute PTSD but did not influence long-term results. Brief early cognitive behavioral therapy showed enhanced efficacy in patients with baseline comorbid depression and patients who were included within 1 month after their traumatic experience.
Bone Marrow–Specific Deficiency of Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Enhances Atherosclerosis
Authors: Anouk A.J. Hamers, Mariska Vos, Fadi Rassam, Goran Marinković, Kondababu Kurakula, Patrick J. van Gorp, Menno P.J. de Winther, Marion J.J. Gijbels, Vivian de Waard, Carlie J.M. de Vries
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Nuclear receptor Nur77, also known as NR4A1, TR3, or NGFI-B, is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions in macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells and smooth muscle cells. Macrophages play a critical role in atherosclerosis and the function of Nur77 in lesion macrophages has not yet been investigated.This study aims to delineate the function of Nur77 in macrophages and to assess the effect of bone marrow-specific deficiency of Nur77 on atherosclerosis.We investigated Nur77 in macrophage polarization using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from wild-type and Nur77-knockout (Nur77(-/-)) mice. Nur77(-/-) BMM exhibit changed expression of M2-specific markers and an inflammatory M1-phenotype with enhanced expression of interleukin-12, IFNγ, and SDF-1α and increased NO synthesis in (non)-stimulated Nur77(-/-) BMM cells. SDF-1α expression in nonstimulated Nur77(-/-) BMM is repressed by Nur77 and the chemoattractive activity of Nur77(-/-) BMM is abolished by SDF-1α inhibiting antibodies. Furthermore, Nur77(-/-) mice show enhanced thioglycollate-elicited migration of macrophages and B cells. The effect of bone marrow-specific deficiency of Nur77 on atherosclerosis was studied in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) mice. Ldlr(-/-) mice with a Nur77(-/-)-deficient bone marrow transplant developed 2.1-fold larger atherosclerotic lesions than wild-type bone marrow-transplanted mice. These lesions contain more macrophages, T cells, smooth muscle cells and larger necrotic cores. SDF-1α expression is higher in lesions of Nur77(-/-)-transplanted mice, which may explain the observed aggravation of lesion formation.In conclusion, in bone marrow-derived cells the nuclear receptor Nur77 has an anti-inflammatory function, represses SDF-1α expression and inhibits atherosclerosis.
Immunological Studies on Human Breast Carcinoma and Mouse Mammary Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Elizabeth S. Priori, David E. Anderson, W. Clydell Williams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Results of preliminary indirect immunofluorescence tests indicated an immunological relationship between sera of patients with breast cancert some of their relatives, and some normal individuals and tissue cultures of mouse mammary tumors producing types B and C virus particles. Sera of 50% of the patients, 40% of relatives of some of these patients, and 15% of the donors reacted with cells of mouse mammary tumor cell lines producing types B and C virus particles. Results of initial absorption studies suggested that the reaction was due partly to Forssman antibodies and partly to antibodies of other types. The specificity of reactions remains to be determined.
Early chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for HIV-1-infected adults in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a randomised trial
Authors: Xavier Anglaret, Geneviève Chêne, Alain Attia, Siaka Toure, Sylviane Lafont, Patrice Combe, Kassi Manlan, Therèse N'Dri-Yoman, Roger Salamon
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Effect of 'weekend therapy' with omeprazole on basal and stimulated acid secretion and fasting plasma gastrin in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: E G Hewson, N D Yeomans, P W Angus, A Shulkes, C W Brook, R B Sewell, R A Smallwood
Journal: Gut (1988)

The effect of intermittent dosage with omeprazole on basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion and fasting plasma gastrin was assessed in eight duodenal ulcer subjects who were in remission. Omeprazole (20 mg daily) was given for a three day 9weekend9 each week for two months. Twenty four hours after the first and eighth weekend, basal and peak acid output were still markedly suppressed (greater than 50%) compared with pretreatment. After the treatment free four days, however (just before the eighth weekend), peak acid output had returned to pretreatment values; basal acid output was still somewhat reduced (mean 3.6 mmol/l) but the difference from baseline was not statistically significant. Fasting plasma gastrin concentration increased slightly but significantly, from a baseline median of 17 pmol/l to 25 and 31 pmol/l respectively, 24 hours after the first and eighth weekends. All but two values (of 16) remained within the reference range. Before the fourth and eighth weekends, and again at 12 days and three months after treatment, gastrin values were not significantly different from baseline. Thus a 9weekend therapy9 regimen with this long acting antisecretory compound produces substantial acid suppression, but for only part of the week, with modest and reversible changes in fasting plasma gastrin. It should therefore be suitable for efficacy testing for prevention of recurrence of peptic ulcer or reflux oesophagitis.
Effect of Choline and Cholesterol on Lipoprotein Patterns of Rats
Authors: GEORGE F. WILGRAM, LENA A. LEWIS, CHARLES H. BEST
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Serum lipid values (low-density lipoproteins, alpha lipoproteins and serum cholesterol) are decreased in choline deficiency. It is believed that this is due specifically to a choline lack rather than to a nonspecific effect of a deficiency. The addition of cholesterol to a choline deficient diet does not lead to hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia. It appears that dietary choline is one of the many requirements necessary for production of hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia. A metabolic interdependence between choline and cholesterol is pointed out in rats.
Remote vs. ischaemic preconditioning: the differential role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways
Authors: M. Heidbreder, A. Naumann, K. Tempel, P. Dominiak, A. Dendorfer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

AimsSince mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were found to be implicated in the signalling of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), we tested the hypothesis of a contribution of these protein kinases to remote preconditioning (RPC).
Minimum Bandwidth Requirements for Recording of Pediatric Electrocardiograms
Authors: Peter R. Rijnbeek, Jan A. Kors, Maarten Witsenburg
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Previous studies that determined the frequency content of the pediatric ECG had their limitations: the study population was small or the sampling frequency used by the recording system was low. Therefore, current bandwidth recommendations for recording pediatric ECGs are not well founded. We wanted to establish minimum bandwidth requirements using a large set of pediatric ECGs recorded at a high sampling rate. Methods and Results — For 2169 children aged 1 day to 16 years, a 12-lead ECG was recorded at a sampling rate of 1200 Hz. The averaged beats of each ECG were passed through digital filters with different cut off points (50 to 300 Hz in 25-Hz steps). We measured the absolute errors in maximum QRS amplitude for each simulated bandwidth and determined the percentage of records with an error &gt;25 μV. We found that in any lead, a bandwidth of 250 Hz yields amplitude errors &lt;25 μV in &gt;95% of the children &lt;1 year. For older children, a gradual decrease in ECG frequency content was demonstrated. Conclusions — We recommend a minimum bandwidth of 250 Hz to record pediatric ECGs. This bandwidth is considerably higher than the previous recommendation of 150 Hz from the American Heart Association.
Psychiatric Emergency Related to the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: GEORGE S. GLASS, GEORGE R. HENINGER, MELVIN LANSKY, KENNETH TALAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The differential effect of the menstrual cycle on psychiatric emergencies was assessed by evaluating a representative female sample of emergency room psychiatric patients intermittently over a one-year period. The results showed that the menstrual cycle has a differential effect that is manifested by the type of psychiatric emergencies the women appear with; specifically, nonpsychotic menstruating women with more severe past medical and gvnecologic histories who have more sexual and marital problems appear to be more susceptible to a premenstrual psychiatric emergency characterized by hostility, suicidal ideation, and an actual suicide attempt.
Infection of gamma/delta T lymphocytes by human herpesvirus 6: transcriptional induction of CD4 and susceptibility to HIV infection.
Authors: P Lusso, A Garzino-Demo, R W Crowley, M S Malnati
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), a T-lymphotropic human herpesvirus, is a potentially immunosuppressive agent that has been suggested to play a role as a cofactor in the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We studied the interactions between HHV-6 and gamma/delta T lymphocytes, a subset of T cells involved in the protective immune response against specific microorganisms. Polyclonal gamma/delta T cell populations, purified from the peripheral blood of healthy adults and activated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin, were exposed to HHV-6, strain GS (subgroup A), at the approximate multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1. Signs of virus replication were detected as early as 72 h after infection, as documented by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and transmission of extracellular virus. Progression of the infection was associated with the appearance of typical cytomorphological changes and, eventually, massive cell death. In contrast, no signs of infection or cytopathic effects were detected after exposure of gamma/delta T lymphocytes to HHV-7, a CD4+ T-lymphotropic virus closely related to HHV-6. Polyclonal gamma/delta T cells displayed cytolytic activity against both autologous and heterologous target cells infected with HHV-6 and maintained this activity for at least 72 h after infection with HHV-6, despite the high MOI used. As previously documented in mature CD8+ alpha/beta T cells and natural killer cells, HHV-6 infection induced gamma/delta T lymphocytes to express de novo CD4 messenger RNA and protein, as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorocytometry, respectively. Whereas purified CD4- gamma/delta T cell populations were per se refractory to HIV infection, they became susceptible to productive infection by HIV-1, strain IIIB, after induction of CD4 expression by HHV-6. These results demonstrate that gamma/delta T cells can be directly targeted and killed by a herpesvirus and may have implications for the potential role of HHV-6 in AIDS.
Sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise in ambulatory patients with left ventricular failure.
Authors: J R Wilson, M J Frey, D M Mancini, N Ferraro, R Jones
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In patients with heart failure, exercise is thought to increase sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. To investigate the extent of this sympathetic activation, we studied the effect of maximal exercise on nonexercising vascular beds in 35 patients with left ventricular failure (ejection fraction, 21 +/- 8%; peak exercise oxygen uptake (VO2), 12.3 +/- 3.5 ml/min/kg). In 28 patients, cardiac output and leg blood flow were measured during maximal upright bicycle exercise. Total flow to nonexercising tissue was then calculated as cardiac output--(2 x leg flow). In seven patients and six normal subjects, forearm blood flow was measured during supine bicycle exercise before and after alpha-adrenergic blockade with intravenous phentolamine. Maximal upright exercise increased the vascular resistance of nonexercising tissue from 34 +/- 16 units at upright rest to 45 +/- 25 units (p less than 0.02) but did not affect total flow to nonexercising tissue (rest, 2.9 +/- 1.0; maximal exercise, 2.8 +/- 1.4 l/min; p = NS). Supine exercise had no significant effect on forearm blood flow or vascular resistance in the normal subjects. In the patients with heart failure, supine exercise increased forearm vascular resistance from 45 +/- 17 to 58 +/- 25 mm Hg/ml/min/100 ml (p less than 0.02), again with no change in tissue flow (rest, 2.4 +/- 0.1; maximal exercise, 2.4 +/- 0.9 ml/min/100 ml; p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nek1 and TAZ Interact to Maintain Normal Levels of Polycystin 2
Authors: Hyungshin Yim, Chang K. Sung, John You, Yu Tian, Thomas Benjamin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in mice can arise from defects in Nek kinases, which participate in ciliogenesis. PKD can also arise from loss of the protein TAZ, an adaptor protein in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that targets the ciliary protein polycystin 2 (PC2) for degradation, but whether Nek and TAZ contribute to the same biochemical pathway is unknown. Here, we report that the nimA-related protein kinase Nek1 phosphorylates TAZ at a site essential for the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PC2. Loss of Nek1 leads to underphosphorylation of TAZ, thereby promoting the abnormal accumulation of PC2. Furthermore, TAZ targets Nek1 for degradation. These data suggest that TAZ and Nek1 constitute a negative feedback loop linked through phosphorylation and ubiquitination and that the interaction of Nek1 and TAZ maintain PC2 at the level needed for proper ciliogenesis.
Durable Cancer Regression Off-Treatment and Effective Reinduction Therapy with an Anti-PD-1 Antibody
Authors: Evan J. Lipson, William H. Sharfman, Charles G. Drake, Ira Wollner, Janis M. Taube, Robert A. Anders, Haiying Xu, Sheng Yao, Alice Pons, Lieping Chen, Drew M. Pardoll, Julie R. Brahmer, Suzanne L. Topalian
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Results from the first-in-human phase I trial of the anti–programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody BMS-936558 in patients with treatment-refractory solid tumors, including safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and immunologic correlates, have been previously reported. Here, we provide long-term follow-up on three patients from that trial who sustained objective tumor regressions off therapy, and test the hypothesis that reinduction therapy for late tumor recurrence can be effective. Experimental Design: Three patients with colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, and melanoma achieved objective responses on an intermittent dosing regimen of BMS-936558. Following cessation of therapy, patients were followed for more than 3 years. A patient with melanoma who experienced a prolonged partial regression followed by tumor recurrence received reinduction therapy. Results: A patient with colorectal cancer experienced a complete response, which is ongoing after 3 years. A patient with renal cell cancer experienced a partial response lasting 3 years off therapy, which converted to a complete response, which is ongoing at 12 months. A patient with melanoma achieved a partial response that was stable for 16 months off therapy; recurrent disease was successfully treated with reinduction anti-PD-1 therapy. Conclusion: These data represent the most prolonged observation to date of patients with solid tumors responding to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and the first report of successful reinduction therapy following delayed tumor progression. They underscore the potential for immune checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-1 to reset the equilibrium between tumor and the host immune system. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 462–8. ©2012 AACR.
Are Needs Assessments Cost Effective in Reducing Distress Among Patients With Cancer? A Randomized Controlled Trial Using the Distress Thermometer and Problem List
Authors: William Hollingworth, Chris Metcalfe, Susana Mancero, Susan Harris, Rona Campbell, Lucy Biddle, Denise McKell-Redwood, James Brennan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Patients with cancer have a high prevalence of distress. We evaluated whether distress monitoring and needs assessment using the Distress Thermometer and Problem List (DT&PL) improved patient outcomes.We conducted an unblinded, two-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial at two sites among patients starting radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The intervention group completed the DT&PL, rating distress and discussing sources of distress with a trained radiographer/nurse. No specific triage algorithms were followed. The control group received usual care. The main outcome measure was psychological distress (Profile of Mood States [POMS], short form) up to 12 months; secondary outcomes were quality of life (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30) and health care costs.Of 220 patients randomly assigned, 112 patients were allocated to the DT&PL. Ninety-five percent completed the primary outcome at 12 months. The DT&PL took 25 minutes; one third of patients had high levels of distress, and most reported physical (84%) or emotional (56%) problems. There was no evidence of an effect of the DT&PL on adjusted POMS scores over follow-up (difference between groups, -1.84; 95% CI, -5.69 to 2.01; P = .35) or in secondary outcomes. The DT&PL cost £19 ($28) per patient and did not lower subsequent health care costs. Few patients (< 3%) in either arm of the trial were referred to a clinical psychologist.Patients with cancer have a high prevalence of distress. Needs assessment can be performed quickly and inexpensively. However, the DT&PL was not cost effective in improving patient mood states. It is important to explore the reasons for this so that oncology units can design better services to support patients.
Angiotensinogen gene polymorphism (Met235Thr) influences visceral obesity and insulin resistance in obese Japanese women
Authors: Yasuto Takakura, Toshihide Yoshida, Keiji Yoshioka, Tsunekazu Umekawa, Akinori Kogure, Hitoshi Toda, Keizo Kagawa, Susumu Fukui, Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Interleukin 10 genotypes in irritable bowel syndrome: evidence for an inflammatory component?
Authors: W M Gonsalkorale
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome in some individuals, such as in those who develop symptoms following a dysenteric illness. Persisting inflammation, resulting from an imbalance of cytokines regulating the inflammatory response, is one possible mechanism. As the elaboration of cytokines is under genetic control, this study was designed to establish whether there might be a genetic predisposition to an altered pattern of anti-inflammatory cytokine production in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. <b>Subjects:</b> A total of 230 unselected patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 450 healthy, ethnically matched controls were studied. <b>Methods:</b> DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes of subjects. Allele and genotype frequencies were determined for the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 at the site (−1082) concerned with production in lymphocytes. Transforming growth factor β<sub>1</sub> (codons 10 and 25) genotypes were also examined in a smaller group of subjects. <b>Results:</b> Patients with irritable bowel syndrome had significantly reduced frequencies of the high producer genotype for interleukin 10 than controls (21% <i>v</i> 32%; p=0.003). There was no apparent relationship with any particular bowel habit subtype. Genotypes for transforming growth factor β<sub>1</sub> were not altered. <b>Conclusions:</b> These preliminary results suggest that at least some patients with irritable bowel syndrome may be genetically predisposed to produce lower amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10. This lends some support to the hypothesis that there may be an inflammatory or genetic component in some cases of this condition and that further studies in specific irritable bowel syndrome subgroups are justified.