tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of Costimulatory Molecules B7–1, B7–2, and CD40 in the Heart of Patients With Acute Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yoshinori Seko, Naoyuki Takahashi, Shigeru Ishiyama, Toshiro Nishikawa, Takeshi Kasajima, Michiaki Hiroe, Shin Suzuki, Sugao Ishiwata, Sachio Kawai, Miyuki Azuma, Hideo Yagita, Ko Okumura, Yoshio Yazaki
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —In patients with acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we previously reported that antigen-specific T cells infiltrate the heart and play an important role in the myocardial damage involved. For antigen-specific T-cell activation to occur, it is necessary for T cells to receive a costimulatory signal provided by costimulatory molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) as well as the main signal provided by binding of T-cell receptors to the antigen. Methods and Results —To investigate the roles of the costimulatory molecules B7–1, B7–2, and CD40 in the development of acute myocarditis and DCM, we analyzed the expression of these antigens in the myocardial tissues of patients with acute myocarditis and DCM. We also examined the expression of a cytolytic factor, perforin, in the infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, because both killer lymphocytes are thought to damage B7–1–expressing APCs. We found that B7–1, B7–2, and CD40 were moderately to strongly expressed in the cardiac myocytes of patients with acute myocarditis. Weak to moderate expression of these antigens was also found in the cardiac myocytes of patients with DCM. There was infiltration of perforin-expressing CTLs and NK cells in the myocardial tissues of patients with acute myocarditis and DCM. Conclusions —Our findings strongly suggest that expression of B7–1, B7–2, and CD40 antigens on cardiac myocytes may make them APCs for CTLs and NK cells and that they may play an important role in the direct myocardial damage by these killer cells in acute myocarditis and DCM.
DOES NONCALCIFIED PLAQUE IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY? A STUDY OF PROPENSITY-MATCHED INDIVIDUALS WITH SIMILAR CORONARY CALCIUM SCORES FROM THE PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER INTERNATIONAL CONFIRM REGISTRY
Authors: Rine Nakanishi, Heidi Gransar, Daniel S. Berman, Victor Cheng, Damini Dey, Troy LaBounty, Fay Lin, Stephan Achenbach, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Matthew J. Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Callister, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin J.W. Chow, Augustin Delago, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Gilbert Raff, Todd Villines, Leslee J. Shaw, Allison Dunning, James K. Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor induced mobilization for isolation of dental pulp stem cells with high regenerative potential
Authors: Masashi Murakami, Hiroshi Horibe, Koichiro Iohara, Yuki Hayashi, Yohei Osako, Yoshifumi Takei, Kazuhiko Nakata, Noboru Motoyama, Kenichi Kurita, Misako Nakashima
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) contain subsets of progenitor/stem cells with high angiogenic, neurogenic and regenerative potential useful for cell therapy. It is essential to develop a safe and efficacious method to isolate the clinical-grade DPSCs subsets from a small amount of pulp tissue without using conventional flow cytometry. Thus, a method for isolation of DPSCs subsets based on their migratory response to optimized concentration of 100 ng/ml of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was determined in this study. The DPSCs mobilized by G-CSF (MDPSCs) were enriched for CD105, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) and G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) positive cells, demonstrating stem cell properties including high proliferation rate and stability. The absence of abnormalities/aberrations in karyotype and lack of tumor formation after transplantation in an immunodeficient mouse were demonstrated. The conditioned medium of MDPSCs exhibited anti-apoptotic activity, enhanced migration and immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, transplantation of MDPSCs accelerated vasculogenesis in an ischemic hindlimb model and augmented regenerated pulp tissue in an ectopic tooth root model compared to that of colony-derived DPSCs, indicating higher regenerative potential of MDPSCs. In conclusion, this isolation method for DPSCs subsets is safe and efficacious, having utility for potential clinical applications to autologous cell transplantation.
Eight-Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Total Mastectomy and Lumpectomy with or without Irradiation in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bernard Fisher, Carol Redmond, Roger Poisson, Richard Margolese, Norman Wolmark, Lawrence Wickerham, Edwin Fisher, Melvin Deutsch, Richard Caplan, Yosef Pilch, Andrew Glass, Henry Shibata, Harvey Lerner, Jose Terz, Lynne Sidorovich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

In 1985 we presented results of a randomized trial involving 1843 women followed for five years that indicated that segmental breast resection (lumpectomy) followed by breast irradiation is appropriate therapy for patients with Stage I or II breast cancer (tumor size, ≤4 cm), provided that the margins of the resected specimens are free of tumor. Women with positive axillary nodes received adjuvant chemotherapy. Lumpectomy followed by irradiation resulted in a five-year survival rate of 85 percent, as compared with 76 percent for total mastectomy, a rate of survival free of distant disease of 76 percent, as compared with 72 percent, and a disease-free survival rate of 72 percent, as compared with 66 percent. In the current study, we have extended our observations through eight years of follow-up. Ninety percent of the women treated with breast irradiation after lumpectomy remained free of ipsilateral breast tumor, as compared with 61 percent of those not treated with irradiation after lumpectomy (P<0.001). Among patients with positive axillary nodes, only 6 percent of those treated with radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy had a recurrence of tumor in the ipsilateral breast. Lumpectomy with or without irradiation of the breast resulted in rates of disease-free survival (58±2.6 percent), distant-disease-free survival (65±2.6 percent), and overall survival (71 ±2.6 percent) that were not significantly different from those observed after total mastectomy (54±2.4 percent, 62±2.3 percent, and 71 ±2.4 percent, respectively). There was no significant difference in the rates of distant-disease–free survival (P = 0.2) or survival (P = 0.3) among the women who underwent lumpectomy (with or without irradiation), despite the greater incidence of recurrence of tumor in the ipsilateral breast in those who received no radiation. We conclude that our observations through eight years are consistent with the findings at five years and that these new findings continue to support the use of lumpectomy in patients with Stage I or II breast cancer. We also conclude that irradiation reduces the probability of local recurrence of tumor in patients treated with lumpectomy. (N Engl J Med 1989;320:822–8.)
Update in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease 2013
Authors: Ivan O. Rosas, Naftali Kaminski
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<A New Standard of Care fo...IPF Genomic Studies and t...Treating Lung Fibrosis by...The Origin of Lung Myofib...Novel Roles for Innate an...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Ovarian Function in Chronic Renal Failure: Evidence Suggesting Hypothalamic Anovulation
Authors: VICTORIA S. LIM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction in uremia was evaluated in 24 patients by measurements of plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone basally and after clomiphene, ethinyl estradiol, and bromocriptine. In the 17 premenopausal women, levels of plasma estradiol, progesterone, and FSH were comparable to those found in normal women during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle; plasma luteinizing hormone was slightly elevated. In most patients, there was an absence of cyclicity. After clomiphene, plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, FSH, and estradiol rose; after ethinyl estradiol, plasma luteinizing hormone levels failed to increase. In seven postmenopausal patients, plasma estradiol was undetectable and gonadotropin levels were markedly elevated. Although plasma prolactin was generally elevated, suppression of prolactin with bromocriptine resulted in resumption of ovulation in only one patient; the other 2 remained amenorrheic. In uremic women, the continued secretion of estrogen, the rise of plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, FSH, and estradiol after clomiphene, and the elevated gonadotropin levels during menopause suggest that the negative estradiol feedback, the tonic gonadotropin secretion, and the pituitary ovarian axis were normal. The positive estradiol feedback associated with cyclic release of luteinizing hormone, however, was impaired as indicated by the prevalence of acyclicity and the failure of luteinizing hormone levels, to rise after ethinyl estradiol.
Passive-Active Immunity from Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
Authors: JAY H. HOOFNAGLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The mechanism of action of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and immune serum globulin was sought in a reanalysis of a Veterans Administration cooperative study on needle-stick exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood. Sera from 296 exposed persons were tested for HBsAg, antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) by radioimmunoassay. Type B hepatitis developed in three HBIG (2%) and in 12 ISG (8%) recipients. In contrast, subclinical infection (development of HBsAg or anti-HBs and anti-HBc without symptoms or jaundice) developed in 16 HBIG (10%) but only six immune serum globulin (4%) recipients. Thus, infection occurred equally in both groups but was more likely to be subclinical in HBIG recipients, indicating that HBIG permitted development of passive-active immunity to type B hepatitis. An additional 53 immune serum globulin recipients (36%) but only one HBIG recipient developed anti-HBs alone, without hepatitis, HBsAg, or anti-HBc. This response was more compatible with immunization by HBsAg than with infection. Ultracentrifugation analysis revealed occult HBsAg in the immune serum globulin but not the HBIG, indicating that some immune serum globulin preparations contain HBsAg and can induce active immunity to type B hepatitis.
Cannabinoid-1 receptor inhibition prevents the reduction of 24-hour energy expenditure with weight loss
Authors: Alison M. Strack, Susan Nicolich, Terry Faidley, Joana Achanfuo-Yeboah, Paul K. Cunningham, Donald Hora, Donald Thompson, Gerry Hickey, Amy O. Johnson-Levonas, Tung M. Fong, Steven B. Heymsfield
Journal: Metabolism (2011)
Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose
Authors: Edward Tabor
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Poisoning is a medical problem that has been with mankind since the earliest humans experimented with plants and minerals in their surroundings. Today the problem is greater than in earlier times because of the proliferation of therapeutic drugs, the social phenomena of illicit drug and alcohol abuse, and the ever present toxic components of consumer goods that have come to us through industrial wealth.  Many practicing physicians need a ready source of information about poisons, and this volume edited by Haddad and Winchester is an ideal choice. The editors broadly define poisoning to include accidental toxic ingestion, unintentional overdose of therapeutic drugs by any route, and bites by poisonous snakes or insects. They also cover in detail the toxic effects of abused drugs and alcohol.  The particular strength of this book is its clarity. With the exception of one or two chapters, most of the book is free of subspecialty
Inequalities and Christmas Yet to Come
Authors: Danny Dorling, Richard Mitchell, Scott Orford, Mary Shaw, George Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Methodological concerns about animal facilitated therapy with dolphinsEditor-We have the following concerns with Antonioli and Reveley's study of animal facilitated depression with dolphins in the treatment of depression. 1 The study was small (30 patients), only 13 people from the animal care programme and 12 from the outdoor nature programme completing the study.The authors used a conservative measure to estimate the number of patients required for this study, and even then fell short by 17%.Single women predominated in both arms.It is difficult to fathom how clinical raters can be blinded to the treatment hypothesis.The authors did not mention the ethnic group of the participants.Only people who could go to Honduras were able to take part in this study.Most people with mild depression will not be able to take a three week holiday.The findings are not generalisable as most people would not be able to afford to go to such a location and swimming and snorkeling are not necessarily favourite pastimes.There may be a vacation bias.If the study group sponsored the three week trip to Honduras we suspect that a free three week trip to a seaside location in Latin America would in itself be a powerful antidepressant.There may be a disappointment bias.If the control group were aware of the potential to be in a group where they could interact with dolphins for two weeks before they reached Honduras, they could be disappointed in missing out.People with depression perceive disappointment more intensely.The study could have been done in a more natural and plausible setting with common pets such as dogs or cats for a fraction of the cost.
pVHL/HIF-Regulated CD70 Expression Is Associated with Infiltration of CD27+ Lymphocytes and Increased Serum Levels of Soluble CD27 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Melanie Ruf, Christiane Mittmann, Anna M. Nowicka, Arndt Hartmann, Thomas Hermanns, Cédric Poyet, Maries van den Broek, Tullio Sulser, Holger Moch, Peter Schraml
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: CD70, a member of the TNF ligand superfamily, has been shown frequently overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The mechanisms of CD70′s upregulation and its role in ccRCC are unknown. Experimental Design: CD70 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in 667 RCCs and RCC metastases. Von Hippel–Lindau gene (VHL) mutations, expression patterns of VHL protein (pVHL), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α, and several HIF targets were studied in tissues and cell lines and correlated with CD70 overexpression. Gene promoter analysis was performed to confirm CD70 as HIF target gene. Consecutive tissue sections were immunostained to reveal the relation between CD70-expressing RCCs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes positive for the CD70 receptor (CD27). CD70-mediated release of soluble CD27 in RCC was assessed by coculture experiments and sera analysis of patients with RCC. Results: Elevated CD70 expression was seen in 80% of primary tumors and metastases of ccRCC and correlated with dysregulation of the pVHL/HIF pathway. In vitro analyses demonstrated that CD70 upregulation is driven by HIF. Furthermore, CD27+ lymphocytes preferentially infiltrate CD70-expressing ccRCCs. CD70-dependent release of soluble CD27 in cocultures may explain the high CD27 levels observed in sera of patients with CD70-expressing ccRCC. The combination of lymphocyte infiltration and CD70 expression in RCC was associated with worse patient outcome. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that in ccRCC, CD70 expression is regulated by HIF as a consequence of pVHL inactivation. Increased serum levels of CD27 suggest the existence of CD70-expressing ccRCC, thus representing a potential serum marker for patients suffering from this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 889–98. ©2015 AACR.
Treatment of palindromic rheumatism with chloroquine.
Authors: P Hanonen, T Mottonen, M Oka
Journal: BMJ (1987)

interpret and, not surprisingly, has varied con- siderably in different communities around the world.Our data on middle aged British men suggest that alcohol is not a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and that the apparent protective effect of light, regular drinking reflects the many advantageous characteristics of men who drink in this fashion.In this British community there is no convincing evidence of a protective effect directly due to alcohol intake.
Influence of Thyroidal Function on Vascular Reactivity in Dogs
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, JAMES W. MCCUBBLIN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Responsiveness to several vasoactive drugs has been found to be sharply reduced following suppression of thyroidal function with radioactive iodine, propylthiouracil or surgical thyroidectomy changed or increased with the appealance of the a thyroid state. Replacement therapy with desiccated thyroid did not restore vascular reactivity towards normal and produced inversion of adrenaline reesponses. Myxedema occurred in but 1 of 11 chronically athyroid dogs.
Oxidized LDL through LOX-1 increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme in human coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Robin M. Singh, Dayuan Li, Ling Liu, Hongjiang Chen, Francesco Romeo, Nelly Kazzaz, Ballkrishna M. Singh, Jawahar L. Mehta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Cupid's Arrow
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The Journalaims at being all things to all physicians. It attempts to inform and enlighten, be the reader generalist or specialist, internist or surgeon, academician or practitioner, medical student or seasoned veteran. True to this ecumenical orientation,The Journalhas been consistently providing a broad spectrum of papers dealing with a variety of topics. Does the preponderance of cardiac topics in the current issue indicate a narrowing focus? Does it presage a slide into specialism, a symposiac trend? The answer is no. From time to time, we may surprise our readers with a central theme, topic, or specialized area of interest, but no covey of cardiac communications, no pack of pulmonary papers will be permitted to limitThe Journal'swide range of interests. More through chance than design, the cardiac bias of this issue coincides with St Valentine's month when the heart is a ready target for Cupid's arrows.
PTH-012 The Impact of a Dedicated Mdt on the Management of early Rectal Cancer
Authors: P G Vaughan-Shaw, J M Wheeler, N R Borley
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The management of significant rectal neoplasms and early rectal cancers (ERCa) is vitally dependent on accurate pre-treatment assessment and consideration of all therapeutic options. This study analyses the impact of a formal specialist ERCaMDT on investigation and management of ERCa. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with a final diagnosis of pT1 rectal cancer at our unit were identified for two 12-month periods (2006/2011). Data on investigations and therapeutic interventions were collected from prospectively recorded clinical data. <h3>Results</h3> 19 patients from 2006 and 24 patients from 2011 were included. In 2006, 21% (n = 4) patients had undergone polypectomy of an unrecognised polyp cancer with 3 positive resection margins. 3 had MRI, none had trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) post-procedure with no use of Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEMS) to assess margin clearance; three undergoing radical resection. In 2011, 17% (n = 4) underwent ‘inadvertent’ polypectomy but 75% (n = 3) had both MRI and TRUS, with TEMS being used twice to confirm R0 polypectomy. In 2006, 60% (n = 9) lesions undergoing surgical excision had pre-operative MRI and 27% (n = 4) had pre-operative TRUS. Local excision (8 TEMS, 1 per-anal) was used in 60% (n = 9). In 2011, 75% (n = 15) lesions undergoing surgical excision underwent MRI and 85% (n = 17) TRUS. TEMS was initial treatment in 90% (n = 18). 2 patients underwent subsequent resection for adverse pathology and patient choice respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We demonstrate an improvement in the investigation of ERCa with implementation of an ERCaMDT and show an decrease in resectional surgery. Where suspicious rectal lesions are encountered, clinicians should be encouraged not to biopsy, and arrange staging via ERCaMDT prior to endoscopic or surgical therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Obesity and asthma in 11-12 year old New Zealand children in 1989 and 2000
Authors: K Wickens
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> There has been a concurrent increase in the prevalence of obesity and asthma in recent years in New Zealand and other countries. <b>Methods:</b> Two cross sectional surveys performed in 1989 and 2000 were used to test this association in children of mean age 11.7 years. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height<sup>2</sup> (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and obesity and overweight defined according to an international standard. Standard questions were used to measure the prevalence of asthma symptoms. <b>Results:</b> Significant increases in the prevalence of reported symptoms and disease between 1989 and 2000 were not explained by a concurrent increase in the prevalence of obesity. In 2000, multivariate analysis showed that increasing BMI standard deviation score was significantly associated with current wheeze (p = 0.002), inhaled steroid use (p = 0.004), and the use of any medication (p = 0.001). None of the associations was significantly different for boys or girls. <b>Conclusion:</b> There is some evidence for an association of obesity with asthma symptoms and treatment but this does not explain the increasing prevalence of this disease.
Endoscopic Removal of a Ureterosigmoidal Polyp
Authors: M. Kleemann, A. Müldner, J. Weiss, B. Manegold
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Ureterosigmoidostomy is the oldest and simplest form of continent urinary diversion. Although first described by Simon in 1852 [1], the procedure was not widely accepted until Coffey introduced submucosal tunnelling of the ureters in 1911 [2]. The procedure fell into disfavor with Hammer’s report of the first case of carcinoma at the ureterocolic junction [3] and with the introduction of the ileal conduit. The basic carcinogenic mechanism at the anastomotic mucosa is the interaction of urine and feces [4]; the theory involves bacterial production of nitrosamines from nitrates and endogenous amines [5].
Therapeutic Trial in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Jon D. Dorman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

It has been reported that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are deficient in exocrine secretion of the pancreas, and that treatment of ALS with large dosages of pancreatic extract and DL-alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) given with a diet high in protein and low in fat and carbohydrate beneficially modifies the course of the disease.<sup>1-3</sup>This brief report summarizes our experience with such a treatment program given to patients with ALS who have participated in an ongoing series of drug trials over the past three years and demonstrates the merit of serial quantitative muscle testing (QMT) to evaluate the course of the patients. <h3>Methods</h3> The diagnosis of ALS was based upon the following clinical observations, which are applicable to these patients but not intended to be general criteria for diagnosing every case of ALS: (1) onset during middle-age or later of a sub-acutely progressive disorder characterized by (2) "anterior