tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ST. LOUIS MEDICAL SOCIETY AND THE MOUND CITY MEDICAL FORUM
Authors: Joseph C. Peden
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the January 11 issue ofThe Journalunder the column Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation there appears an article concerning Dr. Emerson Stanley Bailey. It states that this man is in good standing in the Medical Society of the City of St. Louis. I wish to state that Dr. Bailey is not a member of the St. Louis Medical Society. He is probably a member of the Mound City Medical Forum, which is an organization of Negro physicians. <h3>Note.—</h3> Dr. Peden's letter relates to the medicolegal abstract of a recent decision of the supreme court, special term, Albany County, N. Y., in<i>Application of Bailey</i>, 20 N. Y. S. (2d) 915, published inThe Journal, January 11, pages 159-160, in which appeared the following statement: He [the petitioner] is a member in good standing of the Medical Society of the City of St. Louis,
System Design: Which Requirements should be Met?
Authors: R. Vicary
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

An unsatisfactory start to a computerised endoscopy system is described. Methods to combat poor organization are set out. These include defining clinical information requirements and integrating these with managerial and computing department needs. Decisions need to be taken about the department's ability to share information and organization of supervision of the system. Two types of database are discussed in relation to their strengths and weaknesses, and hardware and software requirements for a typical endoscopy unit are defined.
North Korea's fight against tuberculosis gets a boost
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, and currently there is no cure for CRC. In the current study we investigated the effects of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) on the murine azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS) CRC model. Our data shows that administration of DIM alleviates symptoms associated with CRC. Endoscopy and histopathology showed DIM decreased colonic tissue damage and tumor growth. In addition, DIM was able to decrease myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the blood and spleen in the AOM-DSS model. DIM treatment also significantly altered T cells populations which included decreases in Tregs and IL-10 producing T cells while increasing in Th1 and Th17 cells. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of cecal flushes and validation with PCR revealed that AOM-DSS administration led to significant decreases in bacterial species <i>Ruminococcus gnavus</i>, <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium pseudolongum</i>, <i>Haemophilus parainfluenza</i>, and <i>Acineobacter lwoffi</i>, while increasing species such as <i>Bacteroides acidifaciens, Bacteriodes ovalus</i>, and <i>Parabacteroides distasonis</i>. However, mice that were treated with DIM showed a reversal in these gut microbial alterations caused by AOM-DSS CRC induction. We quantified short chain fatty acids (SCFA). AOM-DSS administration led to a significant decrease in i-butyric and n-butyric acids, however, mice that were treated with DIM increased these levels significantly. Finally we performed fecal transfer experiments to confirm that the alterations in gut microbiome by DIM mediated the anti-cancer effects. Collectively, these data show that DIM can ameliorate CRC by preventing cancer-associated gut microbial dysbiosis
In-depth genetic analysis of<i>Clostridium</i><i>difficile</i>PCR-ribotype 027 strains reveals high genome fluidity including point mutations and inversions
Authors: Richard A. Stabler, Esmeralda Valiente, Lisa F. Dawson, Miao He, Julian Parkhill, Brendan W. Wren
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

Previously, we demonstrated that the recently evolved PCR-ribotype 027 hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strain (R20291) has acquired five genetic regions compared to the historic 027 counterpart strain (CD196), that may in part explain phenotypic traits relating to survival, antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Closer scrutiny of the three genome sequences reveals that, in addition to gene gain/loss, point mutations and inversions appear to have accumulated. Inversions are located upstream of potential coding sequences and could affect expression of these. C. difficile has a highly fluid genome with multiple mechanisms to modify its genetic content and is continuing to evolve in our hospitals influenced by environmental changes and human activity.
Lipoxin A <sub>4</sub> Regulates Natural Killer Cell and Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation in Asthma
Authors: Cindy Barnig, Manuela Cernadas, Stefanie Dutile, Xiaoli Liu, Mark A. Perrella, Shamsah Kazani, Michael E. Wechsler, Elliot Israel, Bruce D. Levy
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Asthma is a prevalent disease of chronic inflammation in which endogenous counterregulatory signaling pathways are dysregulated. Recent evidence suggests that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells and type 2 ILCs (ILC2s), can participate in the regulation of allergic airway responses, in particular airway mucosal inflammation. We have identified both NK cells and ILC2s in human lung and peripheral blood in healthy and asthmatic subjects. NK cells were highly activated in severe asthma, were linked to eosinophilia, and interacted with autologous eosinophils to promote their apoptosis. ILC2s generated antigen-independent interleukin-13 (IL-13) in response to the mast cell product prostaglandin D2 alone and in a synergistic manner with the airway epithelial cytokines IL-25 and IL-33. Both NK cells and ILC2s expressed the pro-resolving ALX/FPR2 receptors. Lipoxin A4, a natural pro-resolving ligand for ALX/FPR2 receptors, significantly increased NK cell-mediated eosinophil apoptosis and decreased IL-13 release by ILC2s. Together, these findings indicate that ILCs are targets for lipoxin A4 to decrease airway inflammation and mediate the catabasis of eosinophilic inflammation. Because lipoxin A4 generation is decreased in severe asthma, these findings also implicate unrestrained ILC activation in asthma pathobiology.
1134 FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE IS THE HEPATIC GATEKEEPER AGAINST ENDOCANNABINOID-INDUCED CELL DEATH AND HOLDS ANTI-FIBROTIC PROPERTIES
Authors: M. Schlosser, A. Wojtalla, F.A. Schildberg, P.A. Knolle, T. Sauerbruch, M.V. Singer, A. Zimmer, S.V. Siegmund
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Pressure sensor plethysmography: a method for assessment of respiratory motion in children
Authors: P Banovcin, J Seidenberg, H von der Hardt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Noncalibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography has been used to measure respiratory function by calculation of the phase angle and, more recently, by determination of the ratio of each time to reach peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time (TPEF/TE). Since TPEF/TE is known to be decreased in airway obstruction when derived from flow signals obtained by a pneumotachograph, we wanted to develop an alternative method to measure rib cage and abdominal respiratory movements. For this purpose, we used two pressure sensors attached to the skin above the umbilicus and in the right medioclavicular line at the fourth intercostal space: "pressure sensor plethysmography". We tested the ability of this method to assess thoracoabdominal asynchrony and TPEF/TE by comparison with respiratory inductance plethysmographic and pneumotachographic measurements in 30 children, aged 1-12 yrs, with airway obstruction. The mean difference (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) between phase angles obtained by respiratory inductance plethysmography and pressure sensor plethysmography was only -5.8 degrees (range -18.0 to +6.4 degrees). Similarly, all methods used to measure TPEF/TE agreed well: mean differences (95% CI) between pneumotachographic and respiratory inductance plethysmographic, pneumotachographic and pressure sensor plethysmographic, and respiratory inductance plethysmographic and pressure sensor plethysmographic measurements of TPEF/TE were +0.01 (range -0.05 to +0.06), -0.03 (-0.09 to +0.03) and -0.03 (-0.10 to +0.04), respectively. We conclude that pressure sensor plethysmography is a simple and noninvasive method, and suitable to measure thoracoabdominal asynchrony and TPEF/TE ratios as well as respiratory inductance plethysmography and pneumotachography.
Prolonged Remission in Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia
Authors: L. H. Walter, L. Szur, S. M. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1958)

BMEDICAL JORNAL 859in exciting uterine contractions are not equiactive in their effects on blood pressure.Blood pressure is affected only by extremely large doses of oxytocin, 2 units intravenously usually being required to produce a pressure fall lasting about a minute and occurring two to three minutes from the time of injection.Half a unit of valyl-oxytocin does not produce this effect, but 2 units will do so.In this respect the B.P. assay of the two substances on chicken blood pressure or isolated rat uterus is parallel to the comparison in the human subject so far as the limited tests we have made are able to show. SummaryFollowing their synthesis of oxytocin, Boissonnas et al. ( 1956) prepared analogues of oxytocin having actions which were similar qualitatively but which differed quantitatively.A comparison has been made of the actions of one of these analogues, valyl-oxytocin, with those of synthetic oxytocin in animals and in man.The results are discussed, with special reference to the present methods of assay.The oxytocin and valyl-oxytocin used in this work were generously supplied by Messrs. Sandoz, Basle, Switzerland.Dr.H. Holgate, of Sandoz, London, has kindly supplied us with the published information on the analogues of oxytocin.The pre- parations of oxytocin and valyl-oxytocin have been standardiz4dby the Sandoz Laboratories, Basle, against the International Stan- dard Pituitary Powder.Our thanks are due to the editor and publishers of the British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemo- iherapy for permission to reproduce the Table, and to the editor of the Lancet and of the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire for permission to reproduce Figs.4a and4d.In the post-partum assays I was
Oral corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: J. Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Background.The role of oral corticosteroids in treating patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains contentious.We assessed in a prospective, randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial the effects of oral corticosteroid therapy in patients with exacerbations of COPD requiring hospital admission.Methods.We recruited patients with non-acidotic exacerbations of COPD who were randomly assigned oral prednisolone 30 mg once daily (n=29) or identical placebo (n=27) for 14 days, in addition to standard treatment with nebulised bronchodilators, antibiotics, and oxygen.We did spirometry and recorded symptom scores daily in inpatients.Time to discharge and withdrawals were noted in each group.We recalled patients at 6 weeks to repeat spirometry and collect data on subsequent exacerbations and treatment.Hospital stay was analysed by intention to treat and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) according to protocol.Findings.FEV 1 after bronchodilation increased more rapidly and to a greater extent in the corticosteroid-treated group: percentage predicted FEV 1 after bronchodilation rose from 25. 7% (95% Cl 21.0-30.4) to 32.2% (27.3-27.1) in the placebo group (p<0.0001)compared with 28.2% (23.5-32.9) to 41.5% (35.8-47.2) in the corticosteroid-treated group (p<0.0001).Up to day 5 of hospital stay, FEV 1 after bronchodilation increased by 90 mL daily (50.8-129.2) and by 30 mL daily (10.4-49.6) in the placebo group (p=0.039).Hospital stays were shorter in the corticosteroid-treated group.Groups did not differ at 6-week follow-up.Interpretation.These data provide evidence to support the current practice of prescribing low-dose oral corticosteroids to all patients with non-acidotic exacerbations of COPD requiring hospital admission.
Measuring Coverage in MNCH: New Findings, New Strategies, and Recommendations for Action
Authors: Jennifer Bryce, Fred Arnold, Ann Blanc, Attila Hancioglu, Holly Newby, Jennifer Requejo, Tessa Wardlaw
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Measuring Coverage in Maternal and Child Health: New Findings, New Strategies and Recommendations for Action In this overview of the PLOS Medicine Collection on "Measuring Coverage in Maternal and Child Health, Jennifer Bryce and colleagues discuss how and why some of the indicators now being used to track intervention coverage may not provide fully reliable measurements, draw together strategies proposed across the Collection for improving these measurements and make recommendations for action.
Implantable Loop Recorder in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alfred E. Buxton
Journal: Circulation (2010)

revention of sudden death after myocardial infarction (MI) is a challenge on which governmental agencies and industry have spent millions of dollars over the past 3 decades.Although survival of patients after MI has improved over this time period, the major cause of this improvement derives from reduction of infarct size as a result of aggressive reperfusion with thrombolytic agents and percutaneous coronary intervention, as well as evolution of pharmacological management after the acute phase of MI, including ␤-adrenergic blocking agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists.In spite of these advances, we have seen little or no reduction in the relative contribution of sudden death to overall cardiac mortality after MI: Thirty years ago, sudden death accounted for approximately 50% of cardiac deaths in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) Յ0.40 after MI. 1,2 Observations since the institution of reperfusion therapy for acute MI suggest the relative proportion of sudden deaths has declined to approximately 30% of cardiac deaths in some studies 3,4 ; however, other analyses find that sudden death remains the cause of one-half of all cardiac mortality after MI. 5 In this issue of Circulation, we see that sudden death accounted for 50% of cardiac mortality in patients with recent MI and EF Յ0.40.
Screening for Prostate Cancer among Men 75 Years of Age or Older
Authors: Michael J. Barry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Prostate-cancer screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test remains one of the most controversial issues in modern medicine. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), an independent group of experts supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality under a mandate from Congress, recently revised its recommendations regarding prostate-cancer screening. The USPSTF concluded that “the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening in men younger than age 75 years,” but it now “recommends against screening for prostate cancer in men age 75 years or older.”1 In its 2002 statement, the . . .
Scleroderma Esophagus: A Nonspecific Entity
Authors: HOWARD A. SCHNEIDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Esophageal dysfunction develops in approximately 90% of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) or mixed connective tissue disease (1). Abnormal esophageal motility may be one of the earliest manifestations of scleroderma because of smooth muscle involvement (2, 3). Smooth muscle is found in the lower two thirds of the esophagus and in the lower esophageal sphincter. Manometric measurements confirm the incoordination and loss of effective contractions that often progress to complete absence of esophageal contractions and reduced lower esophageal sphincter tone (4). We reviewed esophageal manometric tracings from patients with or without rheumatic disease to determine whether low-amplitude aperistalsis or
Stroke patients' views on their admission to hospital
Authors: P. Pound, M. Bury, P. Gompertz, S. Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To explore which components of care were valued by patients admittedto hospital following a stroke. <b>Design</b>: Qualitative study using in depth interviews 10 months after the stroke. <b>Setting</b>: Two adjacent districts in North Thames Regional Health Authority. <b>Subjects</b>: 82 survivors of stroke taken consecutively from a stroke register, 40of whom agreed to be interviewed. <b>Results</b>: Patients reported that during the acute stage of the stroke they wanted to put their faith in experienced and trusted experts who would help them make sense of the event, take all the actions necessary to ensure survival, and provide comfort and human warmth during the crisis. In addition to being reassured by the clinical tests and practical nursing help they received, patients valued feeling cared about by the staff. In most cases patients reported that their needs were met; however, the institutional natureof the hospital sometimes obstructed the fulfilment of their needs. <b>Conclusion</b>: Patients have important psychosocial needs during the acute stage of the stroke, which are often met by hospital admission. Patients gained benefits from their admission over and above those measurable in terms of morbidity or function. They used a combination of criteria to evaluate their care, focusing on the process as well as the outcome of care. Researchers and clinicians should do likewise.
The Operation and Management of a Case After Diversion of the Inferior Vena Cava into the Left Atrium After the Open Repair of an Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: V. O. Bjork, L. Johansson, B. Jonsson, O. Norlander, B. Nordenstrom
Journal: Thorax (1958)

Insomecasesofatrial septal defect ofthe secundum typethedefect isnotlocalized tothe areaoftheforaxnen ovale butalsoinvolves the dorsal andlower partoftheseptum inthevicinity oftheinferior venacava(Bedford, Sellors, Somerville, Belcher, andBesterman, 1957;Lewis, Varco, andTaufic, 1954). There isnolower margin tothe defect abovetheorifice oftheinferior venacava, whichtherefore appears tocommunicate directly withtheleft atrium aswellaswiththeright, and, associated withtheleft-to-right inter-atrial shunt, a small right-to-left shunt, fromtheinferior venacava totheleft atrium, maybefound. Fromthesurgical point ofviewitisimportant torecognize this type ofdefect because itsrepair maycausea severe complication. Anteriorly thedefect hasaninferior edgeofatrial septum which iscontinuous withthe valve oftheinferior venacava, situated tothe right oftheoriEfce. Ifthis valve iswrongly taken asthelower margin ofthedefect andusedwhen repairing thedefect, theinferior venacavawould then beconnected totheleft atrium andnottothe right. Suchanerrorhasbeenmadeinother clinics (personal communications) utilizing the closed technique ofatrio-septopexi ofBailey, andit hasoccurred inatleast five cases operated onunder hypothermia. Theerror hasalsobeenmadeina caseoperated uponusing extracorporeal circulation wherethetubedraining theinferior venacavawas inserted through thesaphenous vein. Diversion oftheblood fromtheinferior venacava into theleft atrium isaserious complication. The majority ofpatients inwhichthemistake hasnot beencorrected havediedonthetable. Inonecase operated on underhypothermia theerrorwas detected immediately onclosing theright atrium. Therefore, after ashort timeasecond inflow-occlu
National Health Policy 1976
Authors: JESSE L. STEINFELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorials1 November 1976National Health Policy 1976JESSE L. STEINFELD, M.D., F.A.C.P.JESSE L. STEINFELD, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-5-669 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIf one accepts the statement that not making a decision is in fact making a decision to allow events to proceed without any overt action by the "nondecision" maker, then the United States does indeed have a national health policy in its bicentennial year of 1976. That policy is an ever changing amalgam of laws, regulations, judgments, opinions, prejudices, and actions of governmental agencies such as the Social Security Agency, Social and Rehabilitation Service, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Management and Budget, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, the U.S. Senate,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHospital libraries in patient’s educationAn holistic concept of health and illness: A tricentennial goal for medicine and public health 1 November 1976Volume 85, Issue 5Page: 669-671KeywordsDecision makingDrug policyEnvironmental healthFood and Drug AdministrationPrevention, policy, and public healthPublic policy Issue Published: 1 November 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Influenza Vaccines for the Elderly
Authors: Arnold S. Monto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The first influenza vaccines were developed approximately 50 years ago by cultivating the virus in hens' eggs and inactivating it with formalin. Since influenza was viewed as a threat to military readiness, for many years thereafter the vaccines were regularly evaluated in randomized, controlled trials among military recruits; the vaccines were consistently found to be safe and at least 70 percent effective in preventing laboratory-confirmed clinical influenza1. In spite of this good record and the fact that the current vaccine is more potent and has greater purity than the original, its value and appropriate use continue to be debated. . . .
Complement-mediated regulation of tissue factor activity in endothelium.
Authors: S Saadi, R A Holzknecht, C P Patte, D M Stern, J L Platt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Inflammation and immunity may be associated with endothelial cell (EC) injury and thrombus formation. We explored the mechanisms through which a humoral immune response directed against the endothelium might promote coagulation. Using the interaction of anti-EC antibodies and complement (C) with cultured EC as a model, we studied the expression and function of tissue factor, a cofactor for factor VIIa-mediated conversion of factor X to Xa. Exposure of EC to anti-EC antibodies and C in sublytic amounts stimulated the synthesis of tissue factor over a period of 16-42 h. Cell surface expression of tissue factor activity required activation of C and assembly of the membrane attack complex, because expression was inhibited by soluble CR1 and was not detected in the absence of C8. Elaboration of tissue factor messenger RNA was observed over a period of 8-30 h and required protein synthesis. Expression of tissue factor was not a direct consequence of the action of C on the EC but was a secondary response that required as an intermediate step the release of interleukin 1 alpha, an early product of the EC response to C activation. These findings suggest that, after the assembly of membrane attack complex on EC, the production of tissue factor and initiation of coagulation in a blood vessel depend on the production of interleukin 1 alpha and on its availability to stimulate affected EC.