tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RNA Tumor-Virus Antigen Expression in Chemically Induced Tumors. Virus-Genome-Specified Common Antigens Detected by Complement Fixation in Mouse Tumors Induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Carrie E. Whitmire, Ronald A. Salerno, Louise S. Rabstein, Robert J. Huebner, Horace C. Turner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Tumors and virus-related antigens induced by 3-methyl-cholanthrene (MCA) were observed in 16 genotypically different strains of mice having differing natural expressions of C-type RNA tumor virus genomes. The MCA-induced tumors, which were nearly all subcutaneous sarcomas of mesenchymal origin, contained complement-fixing antigens reactive with rat antisera selected for high-titered reactions to the group-specific (gs) antigens of the C-type RNA tumor virus. Since normal mesenchymal tissues (muscle and subcutaneous) did not reveal gs antigenm the concurrent activation, or derepression of phenotypic expression of viral or viral-related antigens in many of the tumors, suggests that oncogenes of C-type RNA virus genomes have served as specific determinants of the induced cancers. Because other studies showed that the virogenes and oncogenes of the C-type RNA viral genome are vertically transmitted as repressed genomes, probably as a part of natural gene inheritance, we hypothesize that the carcinogenic action of MCA is achieved by directly or indirectly derepressing the endogenous RNA tumor virus oncogenes that must be in all mouse cells. Since endogenous C-type RNA viruses were also demonstrated in hamsters, rats, cats, and chickens, we suggest our hypothesis should apply to induced carcinogenesis in other vertebrates as well.
The Impact of Macrophage Insulin Resistance on Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression
Authors: Ira Tabas, Alan Tall, Domenico Accili
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Atherothrombotic vascular disease is the major cause of death and disability in obese and diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. Although increased systemic risk factors in the setting of insulin resistance contribute to this problem, it is likely exacerbated by direct effects of insulin resistance on the arterial wall cells that participate in atherosclerosis. A critical process in the progression of subclinical atherosclerotic lesions to clinically relevant lesions is necrotic breakdown of plaques. Plaque necrosis, which is particularly prominent in the lesions of diabetics, is caused by the combination of macrophage apoptosis and defective phagocytic clearance, or efferocytosis, of the apoptotic macrophages. One cause of macrophage apoptosis in advanced plaques is activation of a proapoptotic branch of the unfolded protein response, which is an endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Macrophages have a functional insulin receptor signaling pathway, and downregulation of this pathway in the setting insulin resistance enhances unfolded protein response-induced apoptosis. Moreover, other aspects of the obesity/insulin-resistance syndrome may adversely affect efferocytosis. These processes may therefore provide an important mechanistic link among insulin resistance, plaque necrosis, and atherothrombotic vascular disease and suggest novel therapeutic approaches to this expanding health problem.
SOME ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF SUICIDE IN THE MENTAL HOSPITAL
Authors: LOUIS S. LIPSCHUTZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

Suicide in mental hospitals has been studied by tabulation of various factors as well as by analysis of individual case histories in 18 patients who committed suicide at the Eloise Hospital from 1929 through 1941. The statistical approach, although of limited value because of the small number of cases, indicates the need for considering schizophrenics, particularly catatonics and paranoids, as potential suicides, as well as the more generally recognized manic-depressive and involutional patients. Suicide in a mental hospital is found to maintain the same age distribution and seasonal incidence as suicide in the general population. The suicidal attempt is more likely to be successful when it occurs in the early morning hours. Far more fruitful is a study of the individual case histories. A large majority of these patients revealed definite warning signals of the suicidal act, either by a previous attempt or through their overt behavior or verbal productions in the form of irritability, combativeness, death wishes, hypochondriacal trends or feelings of guilt. It is felt that these could have been recognized as such if full awareness of their significance had existed. Sudden, unexplained improvement in agitated patients is also to be looked upon with suspicion. Apparently trivial frustrations may also precipitate the suicidal attempt. The physical setting of the suicidal act was reviewed and several factors of importance from the point of view of hospital planning, management and routine were considered. These included the questions of window guards, surface projections, locking of mop rooms, toilet rooms and other utility rooms, as well as the prevention of plunging from heights. Specific problems in the management of suicidal patients were discussed in the light of clinical experience. The importance of ward and occupational activities designed to meet the psychological needs of the patient was emphasized. The value of convulsive shock therapy as one means of meeting the sense of need for punishment was mentioned as a possible explanation for the improvement it produces in depressed patients.
Borderline Personality Disorder Criteria Associated With Prospectively Observed Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Shirley Yen, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Thomas H. McGlashan, Mary C. Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: The authors prospectively examined associations between each DSM-IV borderline personality disorder criterion and suicidal behaviors. METHOD: Borderline personality disorder diagnosis and criteria, major depressive disorder, substance use disorders, and history of childhood sexual abuse were assessed with semistructured interviews. Participants (N=621) were followed for 2 years with repeated structured evaluations that included assessments of suicidality. RESULTS: With the self-injury criterion excluded, the borderline personality disorder criteria of affective instability, identity disturbance, and impulsivity significantly predicted suicidal behaviors. Only affective instability and childhood sexual abuse were significantly associated with suicide attempts (i.e., behavior with some intent to die). CONCLUSIONS: Affective instability is the borderline personality disorder criterion (excluding self-injury) most strongly associated with suicidal behaviors. Since major depressive disorder did not significantly predict suicidal behaviors, the reactivity associated with affective instability (more so than negative mood states) appears to be a critical element in predicting suicidal behaviors.
Imported rickettsial African spotted fever in Japan
Authors: N. ISHII, H. KOMATSU, H. NAKAJIMA, K. TANI, T. SUTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

A 45‐year‐old Japanese man developed a black eschar skin lesion and on the body, a number of erythematous seropapules 2 weeks after his return from South Africa. Within 24 h of treatment with minocycline he was afebrile and symptomatically much improved. Serological tests showed increased antibody titres to spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR). From the clinical and serological findings we consider this patient to be the first in Japan to have been infected with SFGR in Africa.
Expression and localization of cyclooxygenase isoforms and cytosolic phospholipase A2 in anti-Thy-1 glomerulonephritis.
Authors: S Hirose, T Yamamoto, L Feng, E Yaoita, K Kawasaki, S Goto, H Fujinaka, C B Wilson, M Arakawa, I Kihara
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Glomerular expression of the major rate-limiting enzymes for prostanoid synthesis, cyclooxygenase isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), was investigated in anti-Thy-1 nephritis in rats. Ribonuclease protection assay demonstrated minimal COX-1 mRNA expression in glomeruli of control rat kidneys and a gradual increase of expression from day 1 to day 10 after administration of monoclonal anti-rat Thy-1 antibody. On the other hand, COX-2 mRNA expression, also minimal in the normal glomeruli, was enhanced in a biphasic pattern with two peaks at 1 h and day 10. Expression of cPLA2 mRNA, which was undetectable in normal glomeruli, was induced on day 1 and increased gradually in a pattern similar to that of COX-1 mRNA expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy, using antibodies against COX isoforms, showed that both COX-1 and COX-2 were negligible or faintly detectable in the glomeruli of control rat kidneys. In contrast, the immunofluorescence for COX-1 was intensified on days 4 and 10 along the glomerular capillary walls probably in glomerular epithelial and/or endothelial cells, whereas COX-2 staining was exclusively enhanced in the glomerular epithelial cells at 1 h and day 10 during the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. These findings indicate that prostanoids generated through induction of COX-1, COX-2, and cPLA2 are implicated in the mediation of the mesangial cell injury model. In particular, the upregulation of COX-2 expression in glomerular epithelial cells in the selective mesangial cell injury model suggests an intercellular interaction between mesangial cells, and glomerular epithelial cells.
Osteoporosis and liver disease: additional reasons for coeliac disease screening
Authors: M Marignani
Journal: Gut (2003)

We read with great interest the recently published guidelines on the management of osteoporosis associated with chronic liver disease ( Gut2002;50(suppl I):i1–9 [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] ). However, we would like to add a few words of comment. Associations between coeliac disease (CD) and primary biliary cirrhosis in particular … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DCollier%26rft.auinit1%253DJ%2BD%26rft.volume%253D50%26rft.issue%253D90001%26rft.spage%253Di1%26rft.epage%253D9%26rft.atitle%253DGuidelines%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bmanagement%2Bof%2Bosteoporosis%2Bassociated%2Bwith%2Bchronic%2Bliver%2Bdisease%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.50.suppl_1.i1%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11788576%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=50/suppl_1/i1&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F52%2F3%2F452.1.atom
Meal-Related Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: Ulrich Schwedes, Markus Siebolds, Gabriele Mertes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the effect of meal-related self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control and well-being in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This 6-month study, which included 6 months of follow-up, adopted a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled design. Subjects were randomized to two groups: one group used a blood glucose-monitoring device, kept a blood glucose/eating diary, and received standardized counseling; the control group received nonstandardized counseling on diet and lifestyle. The primary efficacy parameter was the change in HbA1c. Secondary efficacy variables included changes in body weight, lipids, and microalbumin and changes in treatment satisfaction and well-being. RESULTS—In the per-protocol analysis, the use of a self-monitoring blood glucose device significantly reduced HbA1c levels by 1.0 ± 1.08% compared with 0.54 ± 1.41% for the control group (P = 0.0086); subgroup analysis showed three types of responders. Body weight, total cholesterol, and microalbumin improved when using a glucometer, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Treatment satisfaction increased in both groups to a similar extent (P = 0.9). Self-monitoring resulted in a marked improvement of general well-being with significant improvements in the subitems depression (P = 0.032) and lack of well-being (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS—Meal-related self-monitoring of blood glucose within a structured counseling program improved glycemic control in the majority of non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients in this study. The finding of three types of responders will be important for future planning of counseling and educational interventions.
A guidebook for volleyball-related health problems using Manga and educational activities for injury prevention: Volleyball 911
Authors: M Hayashi, Y Hamu, Y Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Many Volleyball related health problems occur when players are junior and high school students, but there is a lack of knowledge of sports health issues among players and instructors. Objective To educate players and instructors and therefore prevent health problems, by creating a guidebook. Setting Medical checkups for volleyball players at all levels often reveal sports related issues including lower back pain, knee pain such as jumper's knee, shoulder pain caused by volleyball spikes, ankle joint sprain, digital deformities and anemia. When the history is examined it is often found that many of these problems began at junior or high school level. Result 10 years ago, a guidebook for prevention of Volleyball-related injuries and health problems was prepared using easy-to-understand ‘Manga’ (comic-book illustrations) for both junior players and instructors. Approximately 10 000 copies of the guidebook were distributed for free. Currently, the guidebook is available on the website of the Japan Volleyball Association and educational activities for volleyball related health issues are being conducted. Conclusions An English version of the guidebook was prepared for this FIVB Volleyball Medicine Congress. It is our wish that the guidebook be translated into many languages in order to protect valuable junior volleyball players around the world from sports-related injuries. With the help of the participants in the Congress, we ask that the guidebook be translated into their own languages. The goal is to promote educational activities through the website of the FIVB.
Need for a comparative performance standard for dry powder inhalers.
Authors: R Richards, M Saunders
Journal: Thorax (1993)

The efficacy of dry powder inhalers is dependent on the inspiratory flow rate at which they are used. The resistance to airflow through five different dry powder inhaler devices was measured. The devices were shown to vary significantly, with the Turbohaler having the highest resistance. We suggest that the performance of dry powder inhalers should be assessed at comparable pressure drops producing clinically relevant inspiratory flow rates for each device.
Outcomes of Chronic Dialysis Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bradford Strijack, Julie Mojica, Manish Sood, Paul Komenda, Joe Bueti, Martina Reslerova, Dan Roberts, Claudio Rigatto
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Admission rates and outcomes of patients who have ESRD and are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) are not well defined. We conducted a historical cohort study using a prospective regional ICU database that captured all 11 adult ICUs in Winnipeg, Canada. Between 2000 and 2006, there were 34,965 total admissions to the ICU, 1173 (3.4%) of which were patients with ESRD. The main admission diagnoses among patients with ESRD were cardiac disease (31%), sepsis (15%), and arrest (10%). Compared with other patients in the ICU, those with ESRD were significantly younger but had more diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, and higher APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) scores; mean length of stay in the ICU was similar, however, between these two groups. Restricting the analysis to first admissions to the ICU, unadjusted in-hospital mortality was higher for patients with ESRD (16 versus 11%; P < 0.0001), but this difference did not persist after adjustment for baseline illness severity. In conclusion, although ESRD associates with increased mortality among patients who are admitted to the ICU, this effect is mostly a result of comorbidity.
Green space is associated with walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in middle-to-older-aged adults: findings from 203 883 Australians in the 45 and Up Study
Authors: Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng, Gregory S Kolt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Green space is widely hypothesised to promote physical activity. Few studies, however, examine whether this is the case for walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). We investigated to what extent neighbourhood green space was associated with weekly participation and frequency of walking and MVPA in a large cross-sectional survey of Australian adults 45 years and older.Logit and negative binomial regression were used to estimate the degree of association between walking, MVPA and neighbourhood green space in a sample of 203 883 adults from the Australian 45 and Up Study. Walking and MVPA were measured using the Active Australia Survey. Green space was measured as a percentage of the total land-use within 1 km radius of residence. We controlled for a range of individual and neighbourhood characteristics.86.6% of the sample walked and 85.8% participated in MVPA at least once a week. These rates fell steeply with age. Compared with residents of neighbourhoods containing 0-20% green space, those in greener areas were significantly more likely to walk and participate in MVPAs at least once a week (trend for both p<0.001). Among those participating at least once a week, residents of neighbourhoods containing 80%+ green space participated with a greater frequency of walking (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.09, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.13) and MVPA (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15).Our findings suggest that the amount of green space available to adults in middle-to-older age within their neighbourhood environments could help to promote walking and MVPA.
Long-term propagation of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) with production of enveloped HCV particles in human HepaRG hepatocytes
Authors: Ndiémé Ndongo-Thiam, Pascale Berthillon, Elisabeth Errazuriz, Isabelle Bordes, Sylvie De Sequeira, Christian Trépo, Marie-Anne Petit
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

HepaRG human liver progenitor cells exhibit morphology and functionality of adult hepatocytes. We investigated the susceptibility of HepaRG hepatocytes to in vitro infection with serum-derived hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles (HCVsp) and the potential neutralizing activity of the E1E2-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) D32.10. The infection was performed using HCVsp when the cells actively divided at day 3 postplating. HCV RNA, E1E2, and core antigens were quantified in HCV particles recovered from culture supernatants of differentiated cells for up to 66 days. The density distributions of particles were analyzed on iodixanol or sucrose gradients. Electron microscopy (EM) and immune-EM studies were performed for ultrastructural analysis of cells and localization of HCV E1E2 proteins in thin sections. HCV infection of HepaRG cells was documented by increasing production of E1E2-core-RNA(+) HCV particles from day 21 to day 63. Infectious particles sedimented between 1.06 and 1.12 g/mL in iodixanol gradients. E1E2 and core antigens were expressed in 50% of HCV-infected cells at day 31. The D32.10 mAb strongly inhibited HCV RNA production in HepaRG culture supernatants. Infected HepaRG cells frozen at day 56 were reseeded at low density. After only 1-3 subcultures and induction of a cell differentiation process the HepaRG cells produced high titer HCV RNA and thus showed to be sustainably infected. Apolipoprotein B-associated empty E1E2 and complete HCV particles were secreted. Characteristic virus-induced intracellular membrane changes and E1E2 protein-association to vesicles were observed. Conclusion: HepaRG progenitor cells permit HCVsp infection. Differentiated HepaRG cells support long-term production of infectious lipoprotein-associated enveloped HCV particles. The E1E2-specific D32.10 mAb neutralizes the infection and this cellular model could be used as a surrogate infection system for the screening of entry inhibitors. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
The promise of genomics in the study of plant-pollinator interactions
Authors: Elizabeth L Clare, Florian P Schiestl, Andrew R Leitch, Lars Chittka
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Flowers exist in exceedingly complex fitness landscapes, in which subtle variation in each trait can affect the pollinators, herbivores and pleiotropically linked traits in other plant tissues. A whole-genome approach to flower evolution will help our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions.
Weather conditions and daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy: protoporphyrin IX-weighted daylight doses measured in six geographical locations
Authors: S.R. Wiegell, S. Fabricius, J. Heydenreich, C.D. Enk, S. Rosso, W. Bäumler, B.T. Baldursson, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancers and actinic keratoses (AKs). Daylight-mediated methyl aminolaevulinate PDT (daylight-PDT) is a simple and painless treatment procedure for PDT. All daylight-PDT studies have been performed in the Nordic countries. To be able to apply these results in other parts of the world we have to compare the daily protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) light dose in other countries with the PpIX light doses found in Nordic countries. To calculate where and when daylight-PDT of AKs was possible in six different geographical locations using ground stations measuring PpIX-weighted daylight doses. PpIX-weighted daylight doses were measured using a dosimeter with a customer-specific photodiode with a detector sensitivity that mimics the PpIX absorption spectrum and measures in 'PpIX doses'. The dosimeters were built into ground stations that were placed in six geographical locations measuring from July to December 2008. Temperature data for each location were obtained from the internet. The maximal ultraviolet (UV) index for Copenhagen was obtained for the measuring period of the dosimeters. If the PpIX light dose should be above 8Jcm(-2) and the maximum temperature of the day at least 10°C, it was possible to treat patients on nearly all days until the middle of September in Reykjavik and Oslo, until the last week of October in Copenhagen and Regensburg, until the middle of November in Turin and all year in Israel. Where and when to perform daylight-PDT depends on the PpIX light dose and outdoor temperature. The PpIX light dose was influenced by the geographical location (latitude), weather condition and time of year. The UV index was not more suitable than temperature and weather to predict if the intensity of daylight would be sufficient for daylight-PDT.
Effect of yearly mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: a comprehensive assessment
Authors: Reda MR Ramzy, Maged El Setouhy, Hanan Helmy, Ehab S Ahmed, Khaled M Abd Elaziz, Hoda A Farid, William D Shannon, Gary J Weil
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
Gefitinib versus placebo as maintenance therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (INFORM; C-TONG 0804): a multicentre, double-blind randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Li Zhang, Shenglin Ma, Xiangqun Song, Baohui Han, Ying Cheng, Cheng Huang, Shujun Yang, Xiaoqing Liu, Yunpeng Liu, Shun Lu, Jie Wang, Shucai Zhang, Caicun Zhou, Xiangwei Zhang, Nobuya Hayashi, Mengzhao Wang
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)