tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver Transplantation for Pediatric Hepatoblastoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Elaine Y. Cheng, Ronald W. Busuttil
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Turnover of Lipoprotein (a) in Man
Authors: Franz Krempler, Gerhard M. Kostner, Klaus Bolzano, Friedrich Sandhofer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

An elevated concentration of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] in the serum has been considered a risk factor for coronary heart disease by various investigators. In the present study, the turnover of Lp(a) was investigated in nine individuals with serum Lp(a) levels ranging from 1 to 68 mg/100 ml. After intravenous injection of radioiodinated Lp(a), the radioactivity time-curve of the serum and the specific activitity time-curves of the isolated Lp(a) and Lp(a) apolipoproteins were measured for 14 d. More than 97% of the label was found in the protein moiety of Lp(a). During the entire study period, the serum radioactivity remained with Lp(a), only insignificant amounts of radioactivity were detectable in other lipoprotein fractions. The serum radioactivity time-curves and the specific activity time-curves of the isolated Lp(a) and Lp(a) apolipoproteins were identical. The kinetic parameters of Lp(a) turnover were calculated in terms of a two-compartment model. 76.5+/-5.1% (mean+/-1 SD) of total Lp(a) was contained in the intravascular space. The biological half-life of Lp(a) was 3.32+/-0.52 d, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was 0.306+/-0.054/d, and the rate of synthesis was 5.00+/-3.37 mg/kg/d. A positive correlation was found between serum concentration and synthetic rate of Lp(a) apoprotein. No relationship could be demonstrated between serum level and FCR of Lp(a). The results of this study indicate that Lp(a) is not converted to other serum lipoproteins. From the correlations between serum concentration and kinetic parameters of Lp(a) it is concluded that an elevated Lp(a) level is the consequence of an increased Lp(a) apoprotein synthesis.
Measurement of Umbilical Arterial Blood Flow to the Sheep Placenta and Fetus in Utero
Authors: EDGAR L. MAKOWSKI, GIACOMO MESCHIA, WILLIAM DROEGEMUELLER, FREDERICK C. BATTAGLIA
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

A method of estimating the magnitude and distribution of umbilical blood flow by means of radioactive microspheres in sheep fetuses in utero is described. Simultaneous measurements of total umbilical flow by this method and the steady-state diffusion technique showed agreement within ±11%. In 11 fetuses of 90 to 150 days gestational age, the distribution of umbilical flow to the intercotyledonary chorion was 6.2±0.8% of the total. This information has been used to estimate the effect of venous admixture of cotyledonary and noncotyledonary blood on the umbilical vein-uterine vein concentration difference of inert molecules with flow-limited transplacental clearance.
Interleukin (IL)-4–independent Induction of Immunoglobulin (Ig)E, and Perturbation of T Cell Development in Transgenic Mice Expressing IL-13
Authors: Claire L. Emson, Sarah E. Bell, Alison Jones, William Wisden, Andrew N.J. McKenzie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Recent studies using interleukin (IL)-4-deficient animals have highlighted the existence of IL-4-independent immunoglobulin (Ig)E induction. We have established transgenic mice expressing IL-13 from a transgene comprising a genomic fragment containing the IL-13 gene and the human CD2 locus control region. The transgenes were expressed in lymphoid tissues and induced by T cell activators, suggesting regulation by elements of the IL-13 promoter. IL-13 transgenic lines expressed 10-100-fold higher levels of serum IgE than their littermate controls, but had normal levels of other serum Ig isotypes. Elevated IgE levels were also detected in sera from IL-4-deficient mice carrying IL-13 transgenes, indicating that IL-4 is not required for IL-13-induced IgE expression in the mouse. Expression of IL-13 also perturbed the development of thymocytes. Although thymocyte development was normal up to 4 wk of age, thymocyte number decreased dramatically thereafter, reaching 10% of normal by 10 wk, and despite normal size and appearance, histological examination demonstrated that transgenic thymi contained only small foci of thymocytes. The reduction in thymocyte number was due mainly to a depletion of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes, and did not affect significantly the composition of peripheral T cell populations. These data indicate that expression of IL-13 transgenes in vivo can regulate IgE production in the mouse, and that IL-13 may also influence thymocyte development.
Usefulness of positional advice in SAHS treatment
Authors: Sonia Castro, Amaia Urrutia, Estibaliz Perez, Amaia Sagarna, Leire Serrano, Jose Amilibia, Valentín Cabriada
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: In many patients, SAHS has positional characteristics. Aims:a) to understand the impact of positional advice on sleep habits and severity of SAHS;b) to evaluate the reliability of patients subjective assessment of their usual sleeping position  Methods: 65 patients diagnosed of positional SAHS and only on positional treatment. We collected retrospectively clinical features and results of sleep study (SS) and positional habits survey. We performed a SS after positional advice.  Results: 65 patients, 54 men. Mean age 51.32, BMI 28.51. Epworth score before the advice was 8.08, 87.7% related snoring, apneas 64.6%, somnolence 24.6% and arousals 13.8%  Table 1: SS before and after positional advice. A significant increase in time in lateral was observed, without impact on the AHI. 7 cases (10%) had AHI   Table 2: patients divided into 2 groups according to a referred position in the initial SS. Patients who slept in supine >50% of the initial study, after advice had a higher time in lateral position with statistically significant improvement in overall AHI; not observed in who initially slept   Table 3: results of the postural habits survey and sleep position measure in poligraphy  Conclusions:1. Positional advice increases time in lateral position and reduces AHI in patients with predominantly supine sleeping. This improvement has a discrete impact on the severity of symptoms. 2. Subjective assessment of the position is not reliable.
Impact of a nurse‐led home and clinic‐based secondary prevention programme to prevent progressive cardiac dysfunction in high‐risk individuals: the Nurse‐led Intervention for Less Chronic Heart Failure (<scp>NIL‐CHF</scp>) randomized controlled study
Authors: Simon Stewart, Yih‐Kai Chan, Chiew Wong, Garry Jennings, Paul Scuffham, Adrian Esterman, Melinda Carrington
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)
Is Routine Sampling of the Inferior Mediastinal Lymph Node Stations a Necessity for Pre-Operative Mediastinal Staging in Lung Cancer? Results of a Large Retrospective Study of 986 Surgical Resections
Authors: M. Evison, S. Britton, H. Al-Najjar, P. Crosbie, P. Bishop, M. Jones, P. Krysiak, K. Rammohan, R. Shah, R. Booton
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity
Authors: I. Terreehors
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity     Edited by M.E. Gerswin, P. Nestel, C.L. Keen     Published by Humana Press, Totawa, New Jersey, USA     Pages: 365. Price: Hardcover £47.83, $89.50 (CD with Personal Digital Assistant version included), E-book £42.50, $79.50.     ISBN-1-58829-308-4. E-ISBN-1-59259-790-4

In recent decades the interest in nutrition has increased. The role of nutrition in manitaining health and in the prevention of diseases, such as certain types of malignancies coronary events and Alzheimer disease, has been the subject of intensive research. This book emphasises the role of nutrition in immunological processes.

The first two chapters describe extensively the methods by which the immune function can be …
Role of tyrosine phosphatase in the modulation of pulmonary vascular tone
Authors: X.L. Huang, D. El Kebir, A.S. De Buys Roessingh, J.C. Schneider, L. Jacob, J.C. Mercier, J. Dall'Ava-Santucci, A.T. Dinh-Xuan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

In the vascular system, synthesis of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) is tightly regulated by the constitutively expressed endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Activity of eNOS is controlled by Ca 2+ /calmodulin and various seryl/threonyl protein kinases. Less is known about the importance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosyl residues. Therefore the role of tyrosine phosphatase on the modulation of isolated rat pulmonary artery tone has been assessed. Inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase by sodium orthovanadate (SOV, 1×10 −6 M) significantly: 1) increased phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction and 2) decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, but had no effect on endothelium-independent relaxation to the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside. In phenylephrine-precontracted pulmonary arterial rings, SOV (1×10 −7 –1×10 −5 M) had no effect on vascular tone but significantly relaxed rings which were pretreated with the NO-synthase inhibitor, N ω ‐nitro‐l‐arginine-methyl ester (l‐NAME). SOV-induced relaxation in the presence of l‐NAME was, however, abolished by glibenclamide. In conclusion, inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase altered pulmonary vascular tone by increasing vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine and decreasing endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine. Furthermore, the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate, exhibited original vasodilator properties which were only observed when nitric oxide synthesis was inhibited. Thus a new pathway involving the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide on a glibenclamide-sensitive diffusible relaxing factor, that might play an important role in the control of pulmonary vascular tone is described.
Advances in imaging
Authors: N.L. Müller
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

In recent years there have been major advances in chest imaging. These include significant refinements in previously available techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and the introduction of new techniques into the clinical armamentarium, particularly positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. These advances have led to changes in the diagnostic approach to a number of conditions, particularly pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, diseases of the large and small airways, and diffuse lung disease. They have also brought new insights into the pathophysiology of lung disease. State of the art CT and MR imaging now allow objective quantification of lung disease and assessment of regional changes in ventilation and perfusion caused by airway and parenchymal abnormalities. The aim of this article is to summarize the most important clinical applications of the recent advances in imaging and to emphasize the topics of imaging research likely to attract particular attention from radiologists and clinicians in the near future.
Website of the week: The effects of consumerism
Authors: Jason O'Neale Roach
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The rise of consumerism means that the public now demands health services, rather than accepts what is on offer. The health service will need to become almost unrecognisable in its role and function to survive. A book entitled Developing New Clinical Roles examines the need for a fresh approach, in a health system with constantly increasing demands. Flexible training—the subject of a paper in this week's BMJ (p )—is an integral part of this. A sample chapter is available online at www.harcourt-international.com/newclinicalroles/chapter3.cfm. It explains why we will need to let go of past constraints and evolve. www.flexibledoctors.net provides discussion forums where trainees can share ideas and experiences, and regular views from people actually working part time in the NHS and private practice. The career focus archive at bmj.com/cgi/collection/flexible_and_part_time_training offers easy access to another valuable resource for flexible trainees as well. The UK Medical Careers Research Group based at Oxford University has published many questionnaire surveys on medical careers. An overview of its published research can be found at www.uhce.ox.ac.uk/ukmcrg/Papers.htm.

The rise of consumerism is also reflected in public attitudes to food and food supplements. The International Food Information Council Foundation (ific.org) says that many of the American public rank food as more significant to health than family history or exercise. While this may not be true, this site has seen an opportunity to reach an audience receptive to new health research about food. It reviews research studies on various foods and explains the resulting Food and Drug Administration decisions at ific.org/library/. Cranberries, lingonberries, Lactobacilli, and zinc—also the subjects of papers in this week's BMJ (pp 1567 and 1571)—fail to get a mention, so if you're stuck for something to do with those cranberries, try www.geocities.com/Heartland/Hills/4414/cranberry.html for a wealth of recipes. The site explains the Norwegian way of using cranberries, in everything from pie to pound cake. Be careful, though—lingonberries may be too strong for some of these Norwegian favourites.
The Global Burden of Snakebite: A Literature Analysis and Modelling Based on Regional Estimates of Envenoming and Deaths
Authors: Anuradhani Kasturiratne, A. Rajitha Wickremasinghe, Nilanthi de Silva, N. Kithsiri Gunawardena, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Ranjan Premaratna, Lorenzo Savioli, David G Lalloo, H. Janaka de Silva
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Background Envenoming resulting from snakebites is an important public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries. Few attempts have been made to quantify the burden, and recent estimates all suffer from the lack of an objective and reproducible methodology. In an attempt to provide an accurate, up-to-date estimate of the scale of the global problem, we developed a new method to estimate the disease burden due to snakebites. Methods and Findings The global estimates were based on regional estimates that were, in turn, derived from data available for countries within a defined region. Three main strategies were used to obtain primary data: electronic searching for publications on snakebite, extraction of relevant country-specific mortality data from databases maintained by United Nations organizations, and identification of grey literature by discussion with key informants. Countries were grouped into 21 distinct geographic regions that are as epidemiologically homogenous as possible, in line with the Global Burden of Disease 2005 study (Global Burden Project of the World Bank). Incidence rates for envenoming were extracted from publications and used to estimate the number of envenomings for individual countries; if no data were available for a particular country, the lowest incidence rate within a neighbouring country was used. Where death registration data were reliable, reported deaths from snakebite were used; in other countries, deaths were estimated on the basis of observed mortality rates and the at-risk population. We estimate that, globally, at least 421,000 envenomings and 20,000 deaths occur each year due to snakebite. These figures may be as high as 1,841,000 envenomings and 94,000 deaths. Based on the fact that envenoming occurs in about one in every four snakebites, between 1.2 million and 5.5 million snakebites could occur annually. Conclusions Snakebites cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The highest burden exists in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa.
Prevention of groin injuries in sports: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: E Esteve, M S Rathleff, C Bagur-Calafat, G Urrútia, K Thorborg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background/aim Groin injuries are common in football and ice hockey, and previous groin injury is a strong risk factor for future groin injuries, which calls for primary prevention. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of specific groin-injury prevention programmes in sports. Methods A comprehensive search was performed in May 2014 yielding 1747 potentially relevant references. Two independent assessors evaluated randomised controlled trials for inclusion, extracted data and performed quality assessments using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. Quantitative analyses were performed in Review Manager 5.3. Results Seven trials were included: six on football players (four male and two female populations) and one on male handball players. In total there were 4191 participants with a total of 157 injuries. The primary analysis, including all participants, did not show a significant reduction in the number of groin injuries after completing a groin injury prevention programme (relative risk (RR) 0.81; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.09). Subgroup analysis based on type of sports, gender and type of prevention programme showed similar non-significant estimates with RR ranging from 0.48 to 0.81. Conclusion Meta-analysis revealed a potential clinically meaningful groin injury reduction of 19%, even though no statistical significant reduction in sport-related groin injuries could be documented. Trial registration PROSPERO registration ID CRD42014009614.
Inspiratory Capacity, Dynamic Hyperinflation, Breathlessness, and Exercise Performance during the 6-Minute-Walk Test in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: JOSÉ M. MARIN, SANTIAGO J. CARRIZO, MANUEL GASCON, ANDRES SANCHEZ, BEGOÑA GALLEGO, BARTOLOMÉ R. CELLI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONAPPENDICESReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Cytogenetic and cDNA Microarray Expression Analysis of MCF10 Human Breast Cancer Progression Cell Lines
Authors: Narasimharao V. Marella, Kishore S. Malyavantham, Jianmin Wang, Sei-ichi Matsui, Ping Liang, Ronald Berezney
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

We used a combination of spectral karyotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization, and cDNA microarrays to gain insights into the structural and functional changes of the genome in the MCF10 human breast cancer progression model cell lines. Spectral karyotyping data showed several chromosomal aberrations and array comparative genomic hybridization analysis identified numerous genomic gains and losses that might be involved in the progression toward cancer. Analysis of the expression levels of genes located within these genomic regions revealed a lack of correlation between chromosomal gains and losses and corresponding up-regulation or down-regulation for the majority of the approximately 1,000 genes analyzed in this study. We conclude that other mechanisms of gene regulation that are not directly related to chromosomal gains and losses play a major role in breast cancer progression.
Mycophenolate Mofetil in Autoimmune Hepatitis Patients Not Responsive or Intolerant to Standard Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Ira Inductivo–Yu, Atoya Adams, Robert G. Gish, Adil Wakil, Natalie H. Bzowej, R. Todd Frederick, Maurizio Bonacini
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
CCGs will need to improve commissioning of mental health services, says health department
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The new doctor led clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) will be expected to improve the quality of commissioning of mental health services in England and to improve on current standards, MPs have been told.

Department of Health officials said that commissioning groups were expected to do a better job in this area than some primary care trusts had done in the past. The officials were giving evidence to the parliamentary health select committee on 12 March as part of its inquiry into post-legislative scrutiny of the Mental Health Act 2007. The inquiry is intended to assess the effects of the act five years after its introduction as the cornerstone of mental health legislation in England and Wales.

MPs …
U.K. consensus statement on safe clinical prescribing of bexarotene for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: J.J. Scarisbrick, S. Morris, R. Azurdia, T. Illidge, E. Parry, R. Graham-Brown, R. Cowan, E. Gallop-Evans, R. Wachsmuth, M. Eagle, A.S. Wierzbicki, H. Soran, S. Whittaker, E.M. Wain
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Bexarotene is a synthetic retinoid from the subclass of retinoids called rexinoids which selectively activate retinoid X receptors. It has activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and has been approved by the European Medicines Agency since 1999 for treatment of the skin manifestations of advanced-stage (IIB–IVB) CTCL in adult patients refractory to at least one systemic treatment. In vivo bexarotene produces primary hypothyroidism which may be managed with thyroxine replacement. It also affects lipid metabolism, typically resulting in raised triglycerides, which requires prophylactic lipid-modification therapy. Effects on neutrophils, glucose and liver function may also occur. These side-effects are dose dependent and may be controlled with corrective therapy or dose adjustments. Objectives To produce a U.K. statement outlining a bexarotene dosing schedule and monitoring protocol to enable bexarotene prescribers to deliver bexarotene safely for optimal effect. Methods Leaders from U.K. supraregional centres produced this consensus statement after a series of meetings and a review of the literature. Results The statement outlines a bexarotene dosing schedule and monitoring protocol. This gives instructions on monitoring and treating thyroid, lipid, liver, blood count, creatine kinase, glucose and amylase abnormalities. The statement also includes algorithms for a bexarotene protocol and lipid management, which may be used in the clinical setting. Conclusion Clinical prescribing of bexarotene for patients with CTCL requires careful monitoring to allow safe administration of bexarotene at the optimal dose.