tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial LDH isozyme distribution in the ischemic and hypoxic heart.
Authors: G L Hammond, B Nadal-Ginard, N S Talner, C L Markert
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Small myocardial specimens were obtained from 12 patients undergoing coronary reconstructive surgery and from 12 patients undergoing surgical correction for cyanotic congenital heart defects. The specimens were analyzed for LDH isozyme distribution. A control analysis was performed on myocardial specimens obtained at the time of surgical correction for acyanotic congenital heart defects in seven patients with normal coronary arteries. There was a 42% increase in the proportion of A subunits in the hearts of coronary patients as compared to controls. This represented a shift toward an anaerobic isozyme distribution. There was no change in the percentage of A units from the hearts of cyanotic patients as compared to acyanotic hearts of the same age. Cardiac muscle from patients with coronary vascular disease had an altered LDH subunit composition. Such an alteration was not present with chronic systemic hypoxia. These deficiencies may or may not be related to differing local metabolic responses to the two conditions. However, in the clinical situations, ischemic heart muscle may be oxygen deprived to the point of lactic acid production while hypoxic heart muscle usually is not. Consequently, these findings may represent a compensatory cellular mechanism which provides for continued energy production during chronic ischemia by enhancing glycolysis.
Niche construction earns its keep
Authors: Kevin N. Laland, John Odling-Smee, Marcus W. Feldman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Our response contains a definition of niche construction, illustrations of how it changes the evolutionary process, and clarifications of our conceptual model. We argue that the introduction of niche construction into evolutionary thinking earns its keep; we illustrate this argument in our discussion of rates of genetic and cultural evolution, memes and phenogenotypes, creativity, the EEA (environment of evolutionary adaptedness), and group selection.
Reduced exercise capacity in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: J A J Vanoirbeek
Journal: Thorax (2006)

One of the important clinical features of asthma is the exercise intolerance due to an exacerbation.1 Yet, to our knowledge, this end point has never been assessed in animal models of asthma. In a mouse model of chemical induced asthma we found early and late alterations in ventilatory function using unrestrained whole body plethysmography.2–4 Partly because this technique has been heavily criticised,5 we sought to provide another measure of functional impairment in asthma—namely, exercise endurance. This was done by a simple exercise test in which mice were forced to swim against a limited downwards current;6 if they stopped swimming the current pulled them under the water. Swimming endurance time is measured as a proxy of exercise tolerance. Task failure is defined as a period of 5 seconds under water.6

The protocol for sensitising and challenging mice was similar to that used previously,2–4 with small modifications. Male BALB/c mice (±20 g, 6 weeks old) received dermal applications of 20 µl vehicle (2:3 …
Complication Rates Associated With Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Generator Replacements and Upgrade Procedures
Authors: Jeanne E. Poole, Marye J. Gleva, Theofanie Mela, Mina K. Chung, Daniel Z. Uslan, Richard Borge, Venkateshwar Gottipaty, Timothy Shinn, Dan Dan, Leon A. Feldman, Hanscy Seide, Stuart A. Winston, John J. Gallagher, Jonathan J. Langberg, Kevin Mitchell, Richard Holcomb
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Prospective studies defining the risk associated with pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator replacement surgeries do not exist. These procedures are generally considered low risk despite results from recent retrospective series reporting higher rates. Methods and Results— We prospectively assessed predefined procedure-related complication rates associated with elective pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacements over 6 months of follow-up. Two groups were studied: those without (cohort 1) and those with (cohort 2) a planned transvenous lead addition for replacement or upgrade to a device capable of additional therapies. Complications were adjudicated by an independent events committee. Seventy-two US academic and private practice centers participated. Major complications occurred in 4.0% (95% confidence interval, 2.9 to 5.4) of 1031 cohort 1 patients and 15.3% (95% confidence interval, 12.7 to 18.1) of 713 cohort 2 patients. In both cohorts, major complications were higher with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator compared with pacemaker generator replacements. Complications were highest in patients who had an upgrade to or a revised cardiac resynchronization therapy device (18.7%; 95% confidence interval, 15.1 to 22.6). No periprocedural deaths occurred in either cohort, although 8 later procedure-related deaths occurred in cohort 2. The 6-month infection rates were 1.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.3) and 1.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 2.2) for cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions— Pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacements are associated with a notable complication risk, particularly those with lead additions. These data support careful decision making before device replacement, when managing device advisories, and when considering upgrades to more complex systems. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00395447.
Fever of unknown origin: case progression
Authors: R Sivakumar, S Pavulari, S Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Last week (2 September, p 484) we presented the case of a 19 year old student who had a swinging fever of unknown origin. The differential diagnoses after initial investigations include malignancy (particularly lymphoma), sarcoidosis, connective tissue disease, vasculitis, and infective causes including tuberculosis, fungal infection, endocarditis, and HIV. She had no relevant risk factors for HIV, but sexual histories can be initially unreliable, particularly if taken in the presence of relatives. Although the initial presentation was consistent with viral illnesses such as infectious mononucleosis, they were excluded on serological tests.



Fig 1 
Patient's chest radiograph



Three weeks after admission she continued …
Effect of rate of infusion of quinine on insulin and glucose responses in Malawian children with falciparum malaria.
Authors: M. E. Molyneux, T. E. Taylor, J. J. Wirima, G. Harper
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Details ofimplantation treatment in 12 women with supraphysiological oestradiol concentrations Interval between Interval between Oestradiol Duration insertion of insertion of when of penultimate and last implant symptoms Case treatment last implants Type of implant and recurrence recurred No (years) (months) last inserted (weeks) (pmol/l)
French biscuit makers force tobacco campaign ban
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Legal action by French biscuit manufacturers has succeeded in halting publication of an advertisement which claims that eating a biscuit a day is a greater cardiovascular risk than breathing secondhand tobacco. The biscuit manufacturers took their case to the highest civil court, the Paris tribunal de grande instance, where Jean-Pierre Marcus, vice president of the tribunal, promptly ruled against Philip Morris Europe.

Philip Morris launched a European advertising campaign early in June in which it …
Prevalence of biliary tract disease in India: a sonographic study in adult population in Kashmir.
Authors: M S Khuroo, R Mahajan, S A Zargar, G Javid, S Sapru
Journal: Gut (1989)

Sonography was used to investigate the prevalence of symptomatic and silent biliary tract disease, in free living urban population in Kashmir. A randomly drawn sample of 1695 subjects aged 15 years or above was interviewed by a questionnaire. Twenty six had previous cholecystectomies, all for gall stones. Ultrasonography was carried out on 1104 (65.1%). The responder rates for ultrasonography in men (64.3%) and in women (66.0%) were similar (p greater than 0.2). Gall stones were detected in 49 adults. Three of these had previous biliary symptoms. The prevalence of gall stones in adult population was 6.12% (men 3.07% and women 9.6%). The prevalence of gall stones rose with age in both sexes to a peak in the sixth decade prevalence of gall stones was significantly higher in age adjusted parous women than in nullipara. There was no correlation with obesity, diet, or socioeconomic status. Five subjects had sonographic appearances of the worm Ascaris lumbricodis in the bile ducts: and had previous biliary symptoms.
Impact of clonal competition for peptide-MHC complexes on the CD8+ T-cell repertoire selection in a persistent viral infection
Authors: Katherine K. Wynn, Zara Fulton, Leanne Cooper, Sharon L. Silins, Stephanie Gras, Julia K. Archbold, Fleur E. Tynan, John J. Miles, James McCluskey, Scott R. Burrows, Jamie Rossjohn, Rajiv Khanna
Journal: Blood (2008)
Adipose-derived Stromal Cells Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Accelerate Mouse Excisional Wound Healing
Authors: Allison Nauta, Catharina Seidel, Lorenzo Deveza, Daniel Montoro, Monica Grova, Sae Hee Ko, Jeong Hyun, Geoffrey C Gurtner, Michael T Longaker, Fan Yang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Angiogenesis is essential to wound repair, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent factor to stimulate angiogenesis. Here, we examine the potential of VEGF-overexpressing adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) for accelerating wound healing using nonviral, biodegradable polymeric vectors. Mouse ASCs were transfected with DNA plasmid encoding VEGF or green fluorescent protein (GFP) using biodegradable poly (β-amino) esters (PBAE). Cells transfected using Lipofectamine 2000, a commercially available transfection reagent, were included as controls. ASCs transfected using PBAEs showed enhanced transfection efficiency and 12–15-fold higher VEGF production compared with cells transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (*P < 0.05). When transplanted into a mouse wild-type excisional wound model, VEGF-overexpressing ASCs led to significantly accelerated wound healing, with full wound closure observed at 8 days compared to 10–12 days in groups treated with ASCs alone or saline control (*P < 0.05). Histology and polarized microscopy showed increased collagen deposition and more mature collagen fibers in the dermis of wound beds treated using PBAE/VEGF-modified ASCs than ASCs alone. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of using nonviral-engineered ASCs to accelerate wound healing, which may provide an alternative therapy for treating many diseases in which wound healing is impaired. Angiogenesis is essential to wound repair, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent factor to stimulate angiogenesis. Here, we examine the potential of VEGF-overexpressing adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) for accelerating wound healing using nonviral, biodegradable polymeric vectors. Mouse ASCs were transfected with DNA plasmid encoding VEGF or green fluorescent protein (GFP) using biodegradable poly (β-amino) esters (PBAE). Cells transfected using Lipofectamine 2000, a commercially available transfection reagent, were included as controls. ASCs transfected using PBAEs showed enhanced transfection efficiency and 12–15-fold higher VEGF production compared with cells transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (*P < 0.05). When transplanted into a mouse wild-type excisional wound model, VEGF-overexpressing ASCs led to significantly accelerated wound healing, with full wound closure observed at 8 days compared to 10–12 days in groups treated with ASCs alone or saline control (*P < 0.05). Histology and polarized microscopy showed increased collagen deposition and more mature collagen fibers in the dermis of wound beds treated using PBAE/VEGF-modified ASCs than ASCs alone. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of using nonviral-engineered ASCs to accelerate wound healing, which may provide an alternative therapy for treating many diseases in which wound healing is impaired.
Encouraging News From the SERM Frontier
Authors: Adele L. Franks
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antithrombin III (AT-III) blood levels in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)
Authors: J. Moreno, J.S. Ortega, F. Acosta, A.R. Ribó, A. Olivares, R.F. Contreras, P. Parrilla, F.S. Bueno, P. Ramirez, A.S. Pen̈a
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Identification of prognostic factors for plerixafor‐based hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Grzegorz W. Basak, Ozren Jaksic, Zdenek Koristek, Gabor Mikala, Jiri Mayer, Tamas Masszi, Boris Labar, Wieslaw Wiktor‐Jedrzejczak
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract The introduction of plerixafor has enabled successful collection of stem cells in the majority of patients with lymphoma or myeloma in whom previous attempts at mobilization have failed. However, a proportion of patients have been shown to be resistant to this mobilization regimen. To identify the factors that impair stem cell mobilization and collection with plerixafor, we reviewed the data for 197 patients who had undergone mobilization with plerixafor and granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor in Central Europe. Predictors of mobilization failure were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Among the 197 patients mobilized, the target of ≥2.0 × 10 6 CD34+ cells/kg was collected from 133 (67.5%). Our analysis revealed that previous treatment with lenalidomide, bortezomib, melphalan, radiotherapy, or autologous stem cell transplantation and regimen of plerixafor use in combination with chemotherapy had no significant effect on the efficiency of collection. In contrast, an age ≥65 years (odds ratio 0.331, 95% CI: 0.112–0.977, P &lt; 0.05), a diagnosis of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (odds ratio 0.277, 95% CI: 0.124–0.622, P &lt; 0.01), and treatment with ≥ four chemotherapy regimens (odds ratio 0.366, 95% CI: 0.167–0.799, P &lt; 0.05) were associated significantly with failed mobilization. The rate of successful mobilizations was decreased in patients treated with purine analogues (odds ratio 0.323, 95% CI: 0.096–1.094, P = 0.07) but increased in female patients (odds ratio 1.961, CI: 0.943–4.080, P = 0.07). Patients who are characterized by the above negative features could benefit potentially from further improvement in the mobilization strategy. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of Malignant Change in Paget's Disease By Tl-201
Authors: PAULA COLARINHA, ANA TERESA FONSECA, LUCILIA SALGADO, MARIA ROSáRIO VIEIRA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Scintigraphy using Tc-99m MDP and Tl-201 was performed in a patient with polyostotic Paget's disease and sarcomatous degeneration in the right iliac bone. Tc-99m MDP imaging showed abnormal uptake in both types of lesions. Tl-201 imaging showed increased uptake in the sarcomatous lesion and absent uptake in pagetic lesions. This result supports the idea that Tl-201 scintigraphy may have a potential role to play in the differentiation of Paget's disease from malignancy. To the authors' knowledge, Tl-201 has never been reported for the detection of sarcomatous change of pagetic bone.
Physiologic responses and histamine release after nasal antigen challenge. Effect of atropine.
Authors: F M Baroody, S Ford, L M Lichtenstein, A Kagey-Sobotka, R M Naclerio
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We enrolled nine allergic subjects in a double blind, placebo-controlled study to examine the effect of premedication with 0.6 mg of atropine on nasal antigen challenge. The challenge consisted of unilaterally stimulating the nasal septum with diluent followed by three increasing doses of antigen and recording responses bilaterally. Sneezes, symptoms, and nasal airway resistance (NAR) were recorded. Secretions were collected using preweighed filter paper discs and histamine was measured. Antigen challenge with the subjects on placebo led to significant dose-dependent increases in sneezes, symptom scores, ipsilateral and contralateral secretion weights, ipsilateral NAR, and total amount of ipsilateral histamine (p < 0.05 versus diluent). Bilaterally applied atropine led to significant inhibition of ipsilateral and contralateral nasal secretions as well as rhinorrhea scores (p < 0.05 versus placebo) but had no significant effect on other parameters. Challenge after atropine premedication led to higher increases in histamine concentration than placebo (p < 0.01). These results suggest that parasympathetically stimulated fluids did not contain histamine and diluted the histamine released by mast cells. To support this hypothesis, we challenged the same subjects with methacholine. The concentration of histamine decreased and was significantly lower than after challenge with antigen (p < 0.01). The data suggest that: (1) histamine is released locally at the site of antigen challenge, (2) the volume of glandular secretions is primarily controlled by parasympathetic stimulation, and (3) the total amount of a mediator recovered in a fixed time interval best reflects the underlying pathophysiologic events.
Cutting open Newton's apple to find the cause of gravity: a reply to Julian Tudor Hart on the future of general practice.
Authors: P Underwood, D Gray, R Winkler
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the study was to evaluate demographics and treatment outcome in young women under the age of 40 years with cervical cancer treated at a single institution in South Africa. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study of patients younger than 40 years with cervical cancer referred for radiation from January 2015 to December 2018. The MOSAIQ® patient management system was used as the data source of patient names. Data collected included patient demographics; HIV status; stage; treatment and survival outcome. <h3>Results</h3> In the time period 96 patients under the age of 40 years were referred for radiotherapy. The median age was 33 years (24–38 years); 15.6% (n=15) were under the age of 30. Overall, 36.5% were HIV-positive. Disease characteristics included 91.7% squamous cell carcinoma on histology; 65.6% (n=63) were Stage IIIB and above. The very young (under 30 years) had a high proportion presenting with advanced stage disease, 73.3% (n=11). Seventy-one patients (74%) received radical CCRT, RT or adjuvant CRT. HIV-negative patients were significantly more likely to be prescribed curative therapy (82% vs 60%; p=0.018). The majority of the cohort, 77 patients (80.2%), received a minimum of 40Gy EBRT. Of the 71 patients who received radical therapy, 17 (23.9%) had a recorded date of death by study end, with no significant difference by HIV-status. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The young women presenting with cervical carcinoma at our institution had a high prevalence of HIV and advanced stage. Though HIV status impacted treatment intent, more than 80% of the total cohort received radical radiation or high dose palliation.
Alcohol increases tumor necrosis factor α and decreases nuclear factor-κb to activate hepatic apoptosis in genetically obese mice
Authors: Marie‐Anne Robin, Christine Demeilliers, Angéla Sutton, Valérie Paradis, Caroline Maisonneuve, Sylvie Dubois, Odile Poirel, Philippe Lettéron, Dominique Pessayre, Bernard Fromenty
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Both obesity and alcohol can cause oxidative stress, cytokine induction, and steatohepatitis. To determine the consequences of their combination, we compared the hepatic effects of moderate ethanol binges in lean and obese ob/ob mice. Mice received water or ethanol (2.5 g/kg) by gastric intubation daily for 4 days, and were killed 2 hours after the last administration. Some obese mice also received pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, before each ethanol administration. In lean mice, these moderate ethanol doses did not increase plasma TNF-α and hepatic caspase-3 activity, but triggered some apoptotic hepatocytes. Naive ob/ob mice had a few necrotic and apoptotic hepatocytes, but exhibited little oxidative stress, possibly because of adaptive increases in manganese superoxide dismutase, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), mitochondrial cytochrome c, and mitochondrial DNA. Alcohol administration to ob/ob mice did not increase oxidative stress despite increased CYP2E1, but increased plasma TNF-α, further increased Hsp70, and profoundly decreased p65 nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) protein and DNA-binding activity in nuclear extracts. Caspase-3 was activated, and more apoptotic hepatocytes were found in intoxicated obese mice than naive obese mice. In intoxicated obese mice, pentoxifylline fully prevented the increase in plasma TNF-α the decrease in nuclear NF-κB activity, and the increase in hepatic caspase-3, and it also decreased hepatic triglycerides. In conclusion, obese mice develop adaptations that may limit oxidative stress. Moderate ethanol intoxication does not increase oxidative stress in obese mice, but increases TNF-α and also decreases nuclear NF-κB activity, thus unleashing the apoptotic effects of TNF-α.(HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:1280–1290.)
Influence of Malnutrition on the Body Temperature of Children
Authors: O. G. Brooke
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The mean auricular temperature of 10 malnourished Jamaican infants was 0·84°C lower on admission to hospital than it was after recovery. Body temperature was influenced by ambient temperature in the malnourished state. During the rapid growth that accompanies recovery the mean auricular temperature was raised. Five malnourished children with hypothermia were given a standard high-calorie feed, and this caused the body temperature to return to normal levels within two hours in every case. These results suggest that reduced mean temperature in malnourished children may be an adaptation to conserve calories, and that severe hypothermia in malnutrition results from an acute shortage of energy reserves. Frequent feeding of malnourished children is most important in their management.