tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes
Authors: Antonio Nicolucci
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bradykinin receptor 1 activation exacerbates experimental focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Rafael L. Pereira, Bruna N. Buscariollo, Matheus Corrêa-Costa, Patricia Semedo, Cassiano D. Oliveira, Vanessa O. Reis, Edgar Maquigussa, Ronaldo C. Araújo, Tárcio T. Braga, Maria F. Soares, Ivan C. Moura, Denise M.A.C. Malheiros, Alvaro Pacheco-Silva Filho, Alexandre C. Keller, Niels O.S. Câmara
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Omental Milky Spots Develop in the Absence of Lymphoid Tissue-Inducer Cells and Support B and T Cell Responses to Peritoneal Antigens
Authors: Javier Rangel-Moreno, Juan E. Moyron-Quiroz, Damian M. Carragher, Kim Kusser, Louise Hartson, Amy Moquin, Troy D. Randall
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Supervenience: Not local and not two-way
Authors: James Ladyman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

This commentary argues that Ross &amp; Spurrett (R&amp;S) have not shown that supervenience is two-way, but they have shown that all the sciences, including physics, make use of functional and supervenient properties. The entrenched defender of Kim's position could insist that only fundamental physics describes causal relations directly, but Kim's microphysical reductionism becomes completely implausible when we consider contemporary physics.
Medicine To-day and Yesterday
Authors: R. Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1950)

I joined the staff of the London Hospital early in 1900 and am therefore in a fair position, so far as memory serves, to compare the state of medical practice-especially of course hospital and consulting practice-half a century ago with what it is to-day.Contrasting the medical scene in the year 1900 with the present, and remembering the tendency for distance to lend enchantment, for age to be a praiser of the past, and the rosy mist through which a man is apt to view his early professional life, I still think that medicine was a more in'teresting, exciting, and adventurous business in the early years of this century than it is now.And that for several reasons.
Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in a child with suspected egg allergy
Authors: A. Rolfe, A. Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A mother presents with her 12 month old son requesting testing for an egg allergy before the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination; his older sister has a severe egg allergy.

Understanding of allergy can vary notably between patients and healthcare professionals. Explore the mother’s concerns surrounding MMR vaccination, focusing on egg allergy in particular.

Egg allergy usually presents with rapid onset of angioedema, urticaria, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Most reactions are mild with no evidence of respiratory or cardiovascular involvement. Severe reactions can involve the upper airways (for example, hoarse cry, change in voice, stridor) or lower airways (cough, wheeze, breathlessness); pallor and floppiness can also occur.1 2 Dislike of or refusal to eat eggs do not necessarily indicate an allergy, but may do so.

Ask about previous investigations for food allergy, including any tests done by complimentary or alternative medicine practitioners.

Egg allergy is common in infancy with a prevalence of 1-2% in children aged 2.5 years.1 The risk is …
Imprinting and psychiatric genetics: Beware the diagnostic phenotype
Authors: Lisa M. Goos
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Studies of the role of imprinted genes in psychological phenomena are long overdue. The target article is comprehensive, presenting a wealth of important and convergent evidence, and provides an excellent point of departure for further research. However, the authors' evidentiary grasp exceeds the explicatory capacity of the proposed model. Greater genotypic and phenotypic precision would significantly enhance its predictive power.
931-112 A Low-dose Intravenous Aspirin, Bolus Injection, Effectively Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Rosa-Maria Lidòn, David Garcia-Dorado, Jaume Figueras, Juan Oliveras, Anna Anglès, Jasone Monasterio, J. Soler-Soler, Pierre Thèroux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
A Method for the Control of Severe Alterations in Acid-Base Equilibrium
Authors: DOUGLAS MOORE, WILLIAM F. BERNHARD
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Tris buffer was utilized in the prevention or treatment of profound metabolic acidosis which developed during, and immediately after, extended periods of extracorporeal circulation. In 16 patients (group I), buffer was added to the 24-hour-old heparinized priming blood prior to initiation of bypass, to counteract a low pH and high lactic acid concentration. The success of this therapy was manifested by the stability of all acid-base parameters during and following operation. In the second group of 11 patients (group II), severe metabolic acidosis developed despite preliminary buffering of the priming blood. Here, the administration of additional buffer successfully restored acid-base equilibrium prior to the termination of perfusion. The buffer also proved effective in the treatment of two patients who developed severe respiratory acidosis in the immediate postperfusion period, and was instrumental in the resuscitation of a final patient following a prolonged period of cardiac arrest. It is suggested that tris buffer is a safe, potent agent for use in the prevention and treatment of acidosis from whatever cause.
Evaluation of the circadian profiles of serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, and cortisol/DHEA molar ratio after a single oral administration of DHEA in elderly subjects
Authors: G. Ceresini, S. Morganti, I. Rebecchi, M. Freddi, G.P. Ceda, A. Banchini, S.B. Solerte, E. Ferrari, F. Ablondi, G. Valenti
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
p38 MAPK in Myeloma Cells Regulates Osteoclast and Osteoblast Activity and Induces Bone Destruction
Authors: Jin He, Zhiqiang Liu, Yuhuan Zheng, Jianfei Qian, Haiyan Li, Yong Lu, Jingda Xu, Bangxing Hong, Mingjun Zhang, Pei Lin, Zhen Cai, Robert Z. Orlowski, Larry W. Kwak, Qing Yi, Jing Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is constitutively activated in human myeloma, has been implicated in bone destruction by this cancer, but the processes it recruits are obscure. In this study, we show that p38 activity in myeloma inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, but also enhances osteoclast maturation and bone resorption. p38 regulated the expression and secretion of the Wnt pathway antagonist DKK-1 and the monocyte chemoattractant MCP-1. Attenuating p38, DKK-1, or MCP-1 were each sufficient to reduce bone lesions in vivo. Although it is well known that DKK-1 inhibits osteoblast differentiation, we found that together with MCP-1, it could also promote osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. The latter effects were mediated by enhancing expression of RANK in osteoclast progenitor cells and by upregulating secretion of its ligand RANKL from stromal cells and mature osteoblasts. In summary, our study defined the mechanisms by which p38 signaling in myeloma cells regulates osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone destruction. Our findings, which may have implications for bone invasion by other cancers where p38 is elevated, strongly suggests that targeting p38 for inhibition may offer an effective therapeutic approach to treat osteolytic bone lesions in patients with myeloma.
Effect of Caffeine on the ATR/Chk1 Pathway in the Epidermis of UVB-Irradiated Mice
Authors: Yao-Ping Lu, You-Rong Lou, Qing-Yun Peng, Jian-Guo Xie, Paul Nghiem, Allan H. Conney
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Administration of caffeine was shown in earlier studies to enhance UVB-induced apoptosis and inhibit UVB-induced carcinogenesis in hairless SKH-1 mice. Here, we describe a potential mechanism for these in vivo effects. A single irradiation of mouse skin with UVB activated the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated- and Rad3-related (ATR) pathway, causing a severalfold increase in keratinocytes with phospho-Chk1 (Ser(345)) and a marked decrease in mitotic keratinocytes with cyclin B1 compared with baseline. When given in the drinking water for 1 to 2 weeks before UVB, caffeine (0.4 mg/mL) markedly inhibited the UVB-induced phosphorylation of Chk1 on Ser(345) and caused premature expression of cyclin B1 in the epidermis. Normal keratinocytes had delayed mitotic entry for >10 h following UVB. Caffeine administration reduced this mitotic delay to only 4 h and caused markedly increased apoptosis by 6 to 10 h after UVB. p53 knockout mice were used to determine the role of p53 in these processes. Irradiation with UVB markedly decreased the number of mitotic keratinocytes with cyclin B1 in p53 knockout mice, and topical caffeine immediately after UVB abrogated this response and increased UVB-induced apoptosis severalfold. These effects of caffeine in knockout mice were substantially greater than in wild-type mice. The ability of caffeine to promote the deletion of p53(-/-) keratinocytes may be relevant to its inhibitory effect on UVB-induced skin cancer. Our studies indicate that administration of caffeine enhances the removal of DNA-damaged cells by inhibiting the ATR-mediated phosphorylation of Chk1 and prematurely increasing the number of cyclin B1-containing cells that undergo lethal mitosis.
THE PULSE PRESSURE IN EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE
Authors: I. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1923)

to 8 grains a day in November, and oni two or three days none at all was taken; a relapse of subtertiati malaria occurred on November 26th, which was quickly controlled by increasing the dose.The patient left for England on December lst, and was in good health when we last heard of her.
Directing Stem Cell Differentiation by Changing the Molecular Mobility of Supramolecular Surfaces
Authors: Ji‐Hun Seo, Sachiro Kakinoki, Tetsuji Yamaoka, Nobuhiko Yui
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Polymer surfaces with a wide range of hydrated surface mobility are developed by a simple deposition method with supramolecular block copolymers. The morphologies of adhering stem cells are greatly dependent on the surface mobility of polymers, and this induces significant changes in the cytoskeletal signaling pathway to direct the downstream stem cell differentiation.
Lamivudine and low-dose hepatitis B immune globulin for prophylaxis of hepatitis B reinfection after liver transplantation – possible role of mutations in the YMDD motif prior totransplantation as a risk factor for reinfection
Authors: Jens Rosenau, Matthias J. Bahr, Hans L. Tillmann, Christian Trautwein, Jürgen Klempnauer, Michael P. Manns, Klaus H.W. Böker
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
The prognosis of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Authors: B. H. R. Stack, Y. F. J. Choo-Kang, B. E. Heard
Journal: Thorax (1972)

The course of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) in 96 patients is described. The mean survival from the onset of the first symptom until death was 47·4 months in all the 59 fatal cases, 49·6 months in those dying from CFA only, and 48·4 months in those dying from CFA in whom the course of the illness was not influenced by corticosteroids. There was a wide variation in the natural course of the disorder, varying from death within a year of the onset of symptoms in five patients to prolonged survival with slow or arrested progress in four patients not treated with corticosteroids. Most patients died from CFA but five developed bronchial carcinoma and two died after lung biopsy. The main factor influencing the prognosis was the effectiveness of corticosteroid drugs. Only 16% of the treated patients had a worthwhile (grade 2) response to these drugs and the five-year survival of this group was 67%. In those patients in whom the course of the illness was uninfluenced by corticosteroids the five-year survival rate was only 20%. The histological appearances on lung biopsy gave a rough guide to the likely effect of corticosteroid therapy. Other factors influencing the prognosis were the degree of dyspnoea on presentation, the vital capacity, and the presence of arterial hypoxaemia. Patients who had had symptoms for more than four years before the first hospital attendance had a relatively good prognosis. By contrast, neither the extent of radiographic abnormality nor the presence of circulating rheumatoid and antinuclear factors influenced subsequent survival.
Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Jonathan H. Pincus
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This is a superb, encyclopedic work on stroke. The book represents a fine balance between epidemiology and pathophysiology and a thorough, comprehensive review of clinical aspects of stroke, both hemorrhagic and occlusive. Particularly effective are the studies by Powers and Raichle on positron emission tomography in cerebral vascular disease and by Buonanno on magnetic resonance imaging in stroke. These discussions contain a great deal of pathophysiological data as well as important practical clinical information. Beautifully illustrated studies on computed tomography and cerebral angiography follow, along with clear and balanced studies on noninvasive tests for carotid disease. The topics of surgery, anticoagulation, and antiplatelet agents are fully addressed and are the best treatment of this subject that this reviewer has encountered. One article that epitomizes the thoroughness and completeness of this book is the chapter by Tatemichi and Moore on migraine and stroke, a subject that has not been treated with
Cambodia faces dengue fever epidemic
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UK government has announced a review of the NHS in a bid to ensure that clinical priorities and local accountability are paramount in the health service's day to day operations.The health secretary, Alan Johnson, has asked the junior health minister and surgeon Sir Ara Darzi to lead the review and to consult widely with patients and staff.The move is widely seen as a bid to mend relationships with health professionals, many of whom feel aggrieved by a decade of nonstop NHS reforms.Mr Johnson said that providing more accessible and convenient care for patients; achieving better value for money; and ensuring that people with long term illness were "treated with dignity in safe, clean environments" were all key areas that the review would look at.He also announced an extra £50m (€74m; $100m) to fight hospital acquired infections.Mr Johnson said, "The past 10 years have seen huge improvements in the NHS, and thanks to record investment and measures to raise standards, nine out of 10 patients rate their care as good to excellent."He added, "What was right for the last decade-top down targets and important but sometimes difficult reforms-will not be right for the next, where more local decision making and staff empowerment need to drive the NHS."He said that the review could result in an NHS constitution that sets out its values and lines of accountability.The full report will be published in June 2008.An interim assessment in autumn 2007 will inform the next comprehensive spending review.Gill Morgan, chief executive of the NHS Confederation, said, "We hope that this is not just another review but a genuine exercise in listening and understanding where the service has got to and where it needs to go.The opportunity to re-engage staff with the NHS reform programme is too important to be missed.
ENTERIC FEVER IN INFANCY.
Authors: WM. B. NOYES
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The subject of typhoid fever in infancy is one which has been much discussed, recently and in former years, but it is brought up again for new study because of the great uncertainty which still exists in the minds of many in regard to its occurrence, the indefiniteness of most of the literature on the subject, and the very great importance which the exact knowledge of typhoid fever must always have in all its different phases. In medical literature, recent and old, some authorities of high repute speak of having seen scores of cases in early infancy and childhood and consider the disease not uncommon. The other extreme is represented by Northrup, of New York, who is exceedingly skeptical of its occurrence in infancy. His belief is based on his experience in the last twelve years at the New York Foundling Asylum where 1,800 children constantly under observation living inside
Book Review Diseases of the Thyroid in Childhood and Adolescence (Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. Vol. 11.) Edited by Gerasimos E. Krassas, Scott A. Rivkees, and Wieland Kiess. 294 pp., illustrated. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2007. $196.50. 978-3-8055-8205-6
Authors: Olivier Chabre, Patrice Rodien
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Use of serum cotinine to assess the accuracy of self reported non-smoking.
Authors: J E Haddow, G E Palomaki, G J Knight
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The accompanying multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of antiparkinson agents revealed contrasting patterns of affinities at diverse classes of monoaminergic receptor. Herein, we characterized efficacies at human (h)D<sub>2SHORT(S)</sub>, hD<sub>2LONG(L)</sub>, hD<sub>3</sub>, and hD<sub>4.4</sub>receptors and at hα<sub>2A</sub>-, hα<sub>2B</sub>-, hα<sub>2C</sub>-, and hα<sub>1A</sub>-adrenoceptors (ARs). As determined by guanosine 5′-<i>O</i>-(3-[<sup>35</sup>S]thio)triphosphate ([<sup>35</sup>S]GTPγS) binding, no ligand displayed “full” efficacy relative to dopamine (100%) at all “D<sub>2</sub>-like” sites. However, at hD<sub>2S</sub> receptors quinpirole, pramipexole, ropinirole, quinerolane, pergolide, and cabergoline were as efficacious as dopamine (<i>E</i><sub>max≥</sub>100%); TL99, talipexole, and apomorphine were highly efficacious (79–92%); piribedil, lisuride, bromocriptine, and terguride showed intermediate efficacy (40–55%); and roxindole displayed low efficacy (11%). For all drugs, efficacies were lower at hD<sub>2L</sub> receptors, with terguride and roxindole acting as antagonists. At hD<sub>3</sub> receptors, efficacies ranged from 33% (roxindole) to 94% (TL99), whereas, for hD<sub>4</sub> receptors, highest efficacies (∼70%) were seen for quinerolane, quinpirole, and TL99, whereas piribedil and terguride behaved as antagonists and bromocriptine was inactive. Although efficacies at hD<sub>2S</sub> versus hD<sub>2L</sub> sites were highly correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.79), they correlated only modestly to hD<sub>3</sub>/hD<sub>4</sub> sites (<i>r</i> = 0.44–0.59). In [<sup>35</sup>S]GTPγS studies of hα<sub>2A</sub>-ARs, TL99 (108%), pramipexole (52%), talipexole (51%), pergolide (31%), apomorphine (16%), and quinerolane (11%) were agonists and ropinirole and roxindole were inactive, whereas piribedil and other agents were antagonists. Similar findings were obtained at hα<sub>2B</sub>- and hα<sub>2C</sub>-ARs. Using [<sup>3</sup>H]phosphatidylinositol depletion<i>,</i> roxindole, bromocriptine, lisuride, and terguride displayed potent antagonist properties at hα<sub>1A</sub>-ARs. In conclusion, antiparkinson agents display diverse agonist and antagonist properties at multiple subtypes of D<sub>2</sub>-like receptor and α<sub>1</sub>/α<sub>2</sub>-AR, actions, which likely contribute to their contrasting functional profiles.
Profile Of Food Allergen-Specific T Cells In Allergic and Clinically Tolerant Individuals
Authors: David Chiang, Alexander V. Grishin, Madhan Masilamani, Miriam Merad, A. Karolina Palucka, Hideki Ueno, A. Wesley Burks, Stacie M. Jones, Andrew H. Liu, Scott H. Sicherer, Robert A. Wood, Wendy Davidson, Hugh A. Sampson, M. Cecilia Berin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Increase in the Prevalence of Atrophic Gastritis Among Adults Age 35 to 44 Years Old in Northern Sweden Between 1990 and 2009
Authors: Huan Song, Maria Held, Sven Sandin, Hilpi Rautelin, Mats Eliasson, Stefan Söderberg, Göran Hallmans, Lars Engstrand, Olof Nyrén, Weimin Ye
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Time to abandon the term mental illness
Authors: M. Baker
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Fibroblasts in the area of fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis and of the desmoplastic reaction associated with pancreatic cancer are now recognised as activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Recent studies have shown strong expression of fibrinogen, the central protein in the haemostasis pathway, in the stromal tissues of pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis, suggesting that PSCs are embedded in and exposed to abundant fibrinogen in these pathological settings. The effects of fibrinogen on cell functions in PSCs were examined here. <h3>Methods:</h3> PSCs were isolated from human pancreas tissues of patients undergoing operations for pancreatic cancer, and from rat pancreatic tissues. The effects of fibrinogen on key cell functions and activation of signalling pathways in PSCs were examined. <h3>Results:</h3> Fibrinogen induced the production of interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1 and type I collagen, but not proliferation or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Fibrinogen increased α-smooth muscle actin expression and induced the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Akt and three classes of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)). Fibrinogen-induced IL6 and IL8 production was inhibited by antibodies against α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> and α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>1</sub> integrins, suggesting that these integrins worked as counter receptors for fibrinogen in PSCs. In addition, fibrinogen-induced production of these cytokines was abolished by an inhibitor of NF-κB, and partially inhibited by inhibitors of ERK and p38 MAPK. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Fibrinogen directly stimulated profibrogenic and proinflammatory functions in PSCs.