tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on methionine adenosyltransferase activity and hepatic glutathione metabolism in rats
Authors: C M Rodriguez-Ortigosa
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background and aims: Both bile salts and glutathione participate in the generation of canalicular bile flow. In this work, we have investigated the effect of different bile salts on hepatic glutathione metabolism. Methods: Using the isolated and perfused rat liver, we studied hepatic glutathione content, and metabolism and catabolism of this compound in livers perfused with taurocholate, ursodeoxycholate, or deoxycholate. Results: We found that in livers perfused with ursodeoxycholate, levels of glutathione and the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase (an enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis) were significantly higher than in livers perfused with other bile salts. In ursodeoxycholate perfused livers, methionine adenosyltransferase showed a predominant tetrameric conformation which is the isoform with highest activity at physiological concentrations of substrate. In contrast, the dimeric form prevailed in livers perfused with taurocholate or deoxycholate. The hepatic activities of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, enzymes involved, respectively, in biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of glutathione, were not modified by bile salts. Conclusions: Ursodeoxycholate specifically enhanced methionine adenosyltransferase activity and hepatic glutathione levels. As glutathione is a defensive substance against oxidative cell damage, our observations provide an additional explanation for the known hepatoprotective effects of ursodeoxycholate.
Die Chirurgie des Nervus Facialis
Authors: Edmund P. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This scholarly and beautifully illustrated work on the facial nerve and the treatment of its diseases should be in the library of all head and neck surgeons, whether they are specialists in otolaryngology, plastic surgery, or general surgery. It contains detailed discussion of the cause and treatment of the diseases and injuries of the facial nerve in the cranial cavity and temporal bone. In particular, the illustrations and descriptions of multiple graft surgery by the method of John Conley will be useful to those who do parotid surgery. The proposition that following cancer surgery of this region the nerve should be immediately repaired by a second team, if necessary, always seemed to me the only sensible way to do this kind of surgery. Important to the general practitioner, otologist, and neurologist is the discussion of facial nerve decompression in Bell's palsy and treatment of facial nerve injuries following fractures of
Factors Controlling the Release of Endogenous Pyrogen from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes.
Authors: W. Barry Wood
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Factors Controlling the Release of Endogenous Pyrogen from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes.W. Barry Wood Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.W. Barry Wood Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-732_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe role of endogenous pyrogen in the pathogenesis of fever will have been discussed by the preceding speaker. That polymorphonuclear leukocytes constitute a major source of the endogenous pyrogen is clearly established. The mechanisms responsible for its release from leukocytes, on the other hand, are only partially understood.Evidence will be presented that the release of pyrogen from granulocytes occurs in vivo: (a) when the cells engage in phagocytosis, (b) when they are exposed to appropriate concentrations of bacterial endotoxin, and (c) when they leave the blood stream and enter tissue exudate fluid, where they are acted upon by a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 732-732KeywordsAttentionBlood cellsCellsEndotoxinsFeversGranulocytesNeutrophilsPathogenesisPhagocytosisRivers Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Novel HAX1 mutations in patients with severe congenital neutropenia reveal isoform-dependent genotype-phenotype associations
Authors: Manuela Germeshausen, Magda Grudzien, Cornelia Zeidler, Hengameh Abdollahpour, Sevgi Yetgin, Nima Rezaei, Matthias Ballmaier, Bodo Grimbacher, Karl Welte, Christoph Klein
Journal: Blood (2008)
Terri Schiavo — A Tragedy Compounded
Authors: Timothy E. Quill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. Timothy Quill on the case of Terri Schiavo. (08:02)Download The story of Terri Schiavo should be disturbing to all of us. How can it be that medicine, ethics, law, and family could work so poorly together in meeting the needs of this woman who was left in a persistent vegetative state after having a cardiac arrest? Ms. Schiavo had been sustained by artificial hydration and nutrition through a feeding tube for 15 years, and her husband, Michael Schiavo, was locked in a very public legal struggle with her parents and siblings about whether such treatment should be continued or stopped. Distortion by interest groups, media hyperbole, and manipulative use . . .
German doctors are told to have an open attitude to placebos
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

After more than three years assessing the scientific literature on the clinical use of placebos, the German Medical Association (Bundesarztekammer) has concluded that they can be effective and is encouraging doctors to have a more open attitude towards their use in some cases.

The assessment, conducted by the association’s scientific advisory board, urges doctors to receive training in the use of placebos and for medical schools to include instruction on placebo use in the curriculum. It notes that placebos can sometimes be more effective than standard drug treatments, can reduce unpleasant side effects, and can result in lower health costs.

“Placebos have a stronger effect and are much more complex than previously realised,” said Christoph Fuchs, the association’s managing director, at a press conference on 2 March announcing …
do normative standards advance our understanding of moral judgment?
Authors: david a. pizarro, eric luis uhlmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

sunstein's review of research on moral heuristics is rich and informative – even without his central claim that individuals often commit moral errors. we question the value of positing such a normative moral framework for the study of moral judgment. we also propose an alternative standard for evaluating moral judgments – that of subjective rationality .
Symptoms of Chronic and Allergic Rhinitis and Occurrence of Nasal Secretion Granulocytes in University Students, School Children and Infants
Authors: H. Malmberg
Journal: Allergy (1979)

The prevalence of chronic and allergic rhinitis was studied in an unselected population sample consisting of 315 university students and 319 school children. History was taken by questionnaire, nasal appearance was examined by rhinoscopy, and a nasal smear was studied in all subjects. For comparison, nasal smears were also collected from 60 normal infants. Allergic rhinitis complaints were reported by 28% of the students and by 13% of the school children, with no significant difference in sex distribution. The cytological examination revealed secretion eosinophilia in 28%, of the students, 28% of the school children, and 22% of the infants. Secretion eosinophilia correlated significantly with allergic rhinitis history, and with nasal mucosal swelling and nasal secretion seen on rhinoscopy. Nasal secretion neutrophilia, which occurred in 47% of the students, 79% of the school children and 97% of the infants, seemed to have an adverse effect on the reliability of secretion eosinophilia as an indicator of active nasal allergy. Possible reasons for the rising prevalence rates of allergic rhinitis are discussed.
Partnership working is key to providing seamless care
Authors: R. Rea, K. Farrell, S. Gregory, B. Bates, J. Lindsay, G. Tan
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We agree with Rayman and Kilvert that: “We need a form of integrated care, which allows patients to move seamlessly between primary, community, and secondary care.”1 Without partnership working across traditional healthcare boundaries we will not meet the vital task of ensuring high quality care for …
Carotid Kinking as a Cause of Cerebral Insufficiency
Authors: JOHN R. DERRICK, TAYLOR SMITH
Journal: Circulation (1962)

With proper diagnosis based on history, physical findings, and arteriographic and pressure studies, it has become apparent that carotid artery kinking is a more common cause of strokes than was formerly believed. Because kinking is easily corrected, every patient with stroke deserves examination sufficient for determination of whether the carotid arteries are kinked. Two cases are cited in which multiple syncopal attacks were relieved when flow past a kink in the common carotid artery was reestablished.
Effect of physicochemical modification on the biodistribution and tumor accumulation of HPMA copolymers
Authors: Twan Lammers, Rainer Kühnlein, Maria Kissel, Vladimir Subr, Tomas Etrych, Robert Pola, Michal Pechar, Karel Ulbrich, Gert Storm, Peter Huber, Peter Peschke
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Life-threatening Hypersensitivity to Sulindac
Authors: Fredrica E. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1980)

LIFE-THREATENING hypersensitivity after administration of sulindac has not been reported, to our knowledge, although fatal reactions have been reported to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.<sup>1,2</sup>We believe the following case represents a severe hypersensitivity reaction. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 18-year-old man was seen with acute polyarthritis and fever on Feb 25, 1979. Investigation showed evidence of viral or bacterial infection. History and physical examination findings were consistent with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factor was positive at 1:320 and antinuclear antibodies positive at 1:80 with a nucleolar pattern. The ESR was 65 mm/hr. A tentative diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made, and treatment was started with a combination of aspirin, magnesium hydroxide, and dried aluminum hydroxide gel (Ascriptin). Although his joint disease improved and fever resolved, epigastric pain developed that was unrelieved by antacids. On June 11, Ascriptin therapy was discontinued, and treatment was started with sulindac, 150 mg twice a
Friction and lubrication of artificial hip joints [proceedings].
Authors: A Usworth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Heberden Society 539 measured by radioimmunoassay using sheep anti- PGE2-BSA.Drugs were added immediately before incubation using the following concentration ranges: indomethacin (0. 1 ng-10-0 ,ug/ml); aspirin (1 ng -100
Internal market is unjust
Authors: A M Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Virginia Bottomley states that “priority setting should ensure a fair distribution of what is available1“ but disregards accumulating evidence that the internal market is eroding this principle.2 Access to NHS care is now determined by purchasers' ability to pay and to choose patients. First wave general practice fundholders and their patients benefited from generous resource allocation at the expense of the patients of non-fundholding practices in the same districts. This has enabled fundholders' patients to bypass waiting lists for elective work while lists are closed …
Ketone-body production and oxidation in fasting obese humans.
Authors: G A Reichard, O E Owen, A C Haff, P Paul, W M Bortz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Rates of plasma acetoacetate and total ketone-body production and oxidation to CO2 were determined by an isotope tracer technique in eight obese subjects undergoing progressive starvation. After a brief fast and under conditions of mild ketonemia and minimal ketonuria, rates of acetoacetate and total ketone-body production and oxidation were directly related to the increasing plasma concentration. After a longer fast and with severer ketonemia, acetoacetate and total ketone-body production and oxidation rates were higher but became constant and unrelated to the plasma concentrations. The maximum rates of total ketone-body production and oxidation were about 150 g/24 h and 129 g/24 h, respectively. Although an increased ketone-body production was the primary factor responsible for the hyperketonemia, an imbalance between production and removal of the ketone bodies cannot be excluded. Such an imbalance could account, at least in part, for the developing hyperketonemia and for the lack of relationship between production rates and plasma concentrations.
Iatrogenic Problems in End-Stage Renal Failure
Authors: Chad H. Calland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract The physician is more often a voyeur than a partaker in human suffering. I am a physician who has undergone chronic renal failure, dialysis and multiple transplants. As a physician-partaker, I am distressed by the controversial dialogue that separates the nephrologist from the transplant surgeon, so that, in the end, it is the patient who is given short shrift. I have observed that both nephrologist and transplant surgeon work alone in their own separate fields, and that the patient becomes lost in a morass of professional role playing and physician self-justification. As legitimate as their altruistic but differing opinions may be, the nephrologist and the transplant surgeon must work together for the patient, so that therapy is tailored to suit the individual patient, his circumstances, his needs and the quality of his life.
Systematic review of clinical efficacy of topical treatments for head lice
Authors: R. H V. Stichele, E. M Dezeure, M. G Bogaert
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To collect and evaluate all trials on clinical efficacy of topical treatments for head lice.Systematic review of randomised trials identified from following data sources: Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Science Citation Index, letters to key authors and companies, and hand search of journals.Trials in schools or communities.Patients infested with lice.Cure rate (absence of live lice and viable nits) on day 14 after treatment.Total of 28 trials were identified and evaluated according to eight general and 18 lice specific criteria. Of the 14 trials rated as having low to moderate risk of bias, seven were selected as they used the main outcome measure. These seven trials described 21 evaluations of eight different compounds and placebo (all but two evaluations were of single applications). Only permethrin 1% creme rinse showed efficacy in more than two studies with the lower 95% confidence limit of cure rate above 90%.Only for permethrin has sufficient evidence been published to show efficacy. Less expensive treatments such as malathion and carbaryl need more evidence of efficacy. Lindane and the natural pyrethrines are not sufficiently effective to justify their use.
MODE OF CLOSURE AND DRESSING OF WOUNDS, ESPECIALLY THOSE OF THE HEAD
Authors: Walter Rogers Brewster
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In the practice of surgery, the successful bandaging and dressing of head wounds has always seemed to me a difficult feat. Patients with large wounds, requiring large dressings, usually need hospitalization, and every one knows the difficulty of keeping a head dressing on a restless or uncontrollable patient. Small operative and accidental wounds about the head are covered generally with a collodion dressing (which is difficult and painful of removal), or the entire head is swathed in bandages, much to the discomfort and dismay of the patient desirous of going about his usual duties. In the handling of quite a number of patients suffering with head wounds, the dressing presented in the accompanying illustration has been evolved, and, with it, the mode of closure, thus making the closure and dressing all part of the same technic. Since it was first used it has been tried many times and has proved
Parr and colleagues' response to Tang and colleagues
Authors: N. J. Parr, M. A. Lucky, B. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We thank Ayra and colleagues for citing our audit in their review.1 2 We were surprised by the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) Genital Dermatoses Group’s letter disputing Ayra and colleagues’ conclusion that patients with penile cancer are sometimes erroneously referred to specialties other than urology.3 They also stated that a group member (CB) runs a penile clinic referring patients …
Crystals in skeletal muscle.
Authors: G H Hitchings
Journal: BMJ (1971)

the fact that they are hospital-based in decid- ing which arrangement is the better.But I am certain of one thing: that there is need for experiment and that in this most important work policy based purely on depart- mental decree is not good enough.If, in the broadest sense, we are to get value for money this airing of the resettlement of the disabled should be followed by a planned comparative study.-I am, etc.,
Depression and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Joseph Calabrese
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In a recent article, Sternbach et al (1983;249:1618) reported that six of 44 consecutive outpatients (13.5%) referred to a psychiatric hospital for evaluation of  and  had augmented thyrotropin (TSH) responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), indicating some degree of hypothyroidism. The authors suggest that the majority of depressed outpatients have abnormalities in the TRH test result. Although this may be the case, we believe that selecting a population of depressed patients who have anergy seems to allow inappropriate conclusions about the incidence of augmented TSH responses in depression. Affective presentation of grade 3 hypothyroidism is more likely to be accompanied by anergy rather than agitation and anxiety. 2   Gold et al (1981;245:1919) reported an 8% incidence of some degree of hypothyroidism in series of 250 consecutive patients referred for treatment of depression and anergy using thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH, and TRH tests. Whereas this may be the
National Trends in the Use of Outpatient Psychotherapy
Authors: Mark Olfson, Steven C. Marcus, Benjamin Druss, Harold Alan Pincus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

This article reports recent trends in the use of outpatient psychotherapy in the United States.Data from the household sections of the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey and the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were analyzed. Trends in the rate of psychotherapy use from these nationally representative samples are presented by age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, employment status, and income. Psychotherapy users are compared over time by provider specialty, concomitant psychotropic medication use, number of annual visits, and costs. In addition, trends in payment source and primary diagnosis are assessed for psychotherapy visits.Between 1987 and 1997, there was no statistically significant change in the overall rate of psychotherapy use (3.2 per 100 persons in 1987 and 3.6 per 100 in 1997). However, significant increases were observed in psychotherapy use by adults aged 55-64 years and by unemployed adults. Among psychotherapy patients, there was a marked increase in the use of antidepressant medications (14.4% to 48.6%), mood stabilizers (5.3% to 14.5%), stimulants (1.9% to 6.4%), and psychotherapy provided by physicians (48.1% to 64.7%). A smaller proportion of patients made more than 20 psychotherapy visits in 1997 (10.3%) than in 1987 (15.7%). Over this period, psychotherapy visits for mood disorders became more common. In 1997, 9.7 million Americans spent $5.7 billion on outpatient psychotherapy.From 1987 to 1997, access to psychotherapy in the United States remained constant overall but was characterized by increased use by some socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. However, the number of visits per user markedly decreased during this period. Psychotherapy was increasingly administered by physicians and provided in conjunction with psychotropic medications. These changes occurred during a period of expansion in the number of available psychotropic medications and growth in managed behavioral health care.
Evaluation of Important Contact Persons and Their Helpfulness in Coping with Metastatic Breast Cancer Induced Psycho-Social Distress. A Prospective Study at a Community-Based Oncology Group Practice in Germany.
Authors: R. Weide, U. Mergenthaler, H. Köppler, J. Thomalla, C. van Roye, J. Heymanns
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction: Since psycho-social distress is a prevalent condition in metastatic breast cancer patients, it is important to find out which contact persons are called on most frequently to find help in dealing with this situation. In addition to the significance of these contact persons we wanted to find out to what extend they were actually helpful for the patients when contacted.Methods: 57 patients with metastatic breast cancer visiting the practice in April and May 2009 were administered the Distress Thermometer (DT) and Problem List (PL). Thereafter a standardized personal interview was held concerning their important contact persons where patients were asked to name their important contact persons freely. After this additionally a list of possible contact persons was read to the patients to complete the set of persons the patient has contacted. For each contact person the patient was asked to indicate if this contact was helpful or not.Results: The mean distress level observed in this population of 57 metastatic breast cancer patients was 4.9. 36% showed a distress level &amp;gt; 5. Physical problems as a source of distress were stated by 93%, emotional, familial, practical or spiritual problems were causing distress in 72%, 26%, 21% and 4% respectively. 88% of patients named their oncologist as an important person to help them with their distress. Children, partner, friends and general practitioner were important persons for 70%, 65%, 60% and 54% respectively. Regarding only the free answers the order of the most important persons was partner (60%), children (54%), friends (42%), other family members (35%), oncologist (28%), general practitioner (14%). All patients (100%) who sought help from their oncologist described this as helpful. Children, partner, friends and general practitioner were helpful in 90%, 86%, 94% and 94% of cases. 10 patients (18%) had contacted a psychiatrist. This was helpful for 8 (80%) of these patients.There is a positive and statistically significant correlation between distress level and number of persons contacted. (r=.283; p=0.033).Conclusions: Psycho-social distress in patients with metastatic breast cancer is mostly caused by physical and emotional problems. Patients treated in an oncology practice reported a network of care-giving persons as helpful in the coping process. Persons described as being most helpful were oncologists, partner, children, friends an general practitioner. Patients with higher distress levels tend to contact more different persons in trying to find help. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1072.