tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consensus conference on the use of 90‐yttrium‐ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy in clinical practice. A project of the Italian Society of Hematology
Authors: Umberto Vitolo, Giovanni Barosi, Stefano Fanti, Alessandro M. Gianni, Maurizio Martelli, Mario Petrini, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Sante Tura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

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Inferring Population Histories Using Genome-Wide Allele Frequency Data
Authors: Mathieu Gautier, Renaud Vitalis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

The recent development of high-throughput genotyping technologies has revolutionized the collection of data in a wide range of both model and nonmodel species. These data generally contain huge amounts of information about the demographic history of populations. In this study, we introduce a new method to estimate divergence times on a diffusion time scale from large single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data sets, conditionally on a population history that is represented as a tree. We further assume that all the observed polymorphisms originate from the most ancestral (root) population; that is, we neglect mutations that occur after the split of the most ancestral population. This method relies on a hierarchical Bayesian model, based on Kimura's time-dependent diffusion approximation of genetic drift. We implemented a Metropolis–Hastings within Gibbs sampler to estimate the posterior distribution of the parameters of interest in this model, which we refer to as the Kimura model. Evaluating the Kimura model on simulated population histories, we found that it provides accurate estimates of divergence time. Assessing model fit using the deviance information criterion (DIC) proved efficient for retrieving the correct tree topology among a set of competing histories. We show that this procedure is robust to low-to-moderate gene flow, as well as to ascertainment bias, providing that the most distantly related populations are represented in the discovery panel. As an illustrative example, we finally analyzed published human data consisting in genotypes for 452,198 SNPs from individuals belonging to four populations worldwide. Our results suggest that the Kimura model may be helpful to characterize the demographic history of differentiated populations, using genome-wide allele frequency data.
Myocyte Death in the Failing Human Heart Is Gender Dependent
Authors: Sabrina Guerra, Annarosa Leri, Xiaowei Wang, Nicoletta Finato, Carla Di Loreto, Carlo Alberto Beltrami, Jan Kajstura, Piero Anversa
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Cardiovascular disease is delayed and less common in women than in men. Myocyte death occurs in heart failure, but only apoptosis has been documented; the role of myocyte necrosis is unknown. Therefore, we tested whether necrosis is as important as apoptosis and whether myocyte death is lower in women than in men with heart failure. Molecular probes were used to measure the magnitude of myocyte necrosis and apoptosis in 7 women and 12 men undergoing transplantation for cardiac failure. Myocyte necrosis was evaluated by detection of DNA damage with blunt end fragments, whereas apoptosis was assessed by the identification of double-strand DNA cleavage with single base or longer 3′ overhangs. An identical analysis of these forms of cell death was performed in control myocardium. Heart failure showed levels of myocyte necrosis 7-fold greater than apoptosis in patients of both sexes. However, cell death was 2-fold higher in men than in women. Heart failure resulted in a 13-fold and 27-fold increase in necrosis in women and men, respectively. Apoptosis increased 35-fold in women and 85-fold in men. The differences in cell death between women and men were confirmed by the electrophoretic pattern of DNA diffusion and laddering of isolated myocytes. The lower degree of cell death in women was associated with a longer duration of the myopathy, a later onset of cardiac decompensation, and a longer interval between heart failure and transplantation. In conclusion, myocyte necrosis and apoptosis affect the decompensated human heart; each contributes to the evolution of cardiac failure. However, the female heart is protected, at least in part, from necrotic and apoptotic death signals.
Imatinib for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Impact of Its Effectiveness and Long-term Side Effects
Authors: B. D. Smith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

The development of effective, selective therapies has long challenged researchers trying to improve treatment options for cancer patients. The allure of such therapies has always been that so-called “ targeted therapies ” would by their very nature limit toxic effects commonly associated with traditional cytotoxic agents. Moreover, if the targeted agents are effective, such therapies might improve clinical responses, alter disease biology, and ultimately improve survival for a multitude of cancer patients. The threats to such promising approaches include serious or unexpected toxic effects (ie, narrow therapeutic indices) or partially effective therapies that could allow the emergence of drug resistance. To date, the success of imatinib mesylate (IM) in the treatment of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains the best example of successful targeted therapy. This is true despite challenges as a result of its toxicity profi le and the fi nding that drug resistance does occur. IM has transformed this leukemia with a previously optimistic life expectancy of 4 – 6 years with interferonbased treatments ( 1 ) into a true chronic illness with overall survival rates that appear to be increasing each year. However, there are still concerns about long-term tolerability and long-term effi cacy with IM. In this issue of the Journal, the article by GambacortiPasserini et al . ( 2 ) adds “real-life, long-term” tolerability data to Imatinib for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Impact of Its Effectiveness and Long-term Side Effects
Effectiveness and Safety of Immunomodulators With Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Mark T. Osterman, Kevin Haynes, Elizabeth Delzell, Jie Zhang, Meenakshi Bewtra, Colleen M. Brensinger, Lang Chen, Fenglong Xie, Jeffrey R. Curtis, James D. Lewis
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Partially Matched, Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Transplantation: Clinical Outcomes and Immune Reconstitution
Authors: David A. Rizzieri, Liang Piu Koh, Gwynn D. Long, Cristina Gasparetto, Keith M. Sullivan, Mitchell Horwitz, John Chute, Clayton Smith, Jerald Z. Gong, Anand Lagoo, Donna Niedzwiecki, Jeannette M. Dowell, Barbara Waters-Pick, CongXiao Liu, Dawn Marshall, James J. Vredenburgh, Jon Gockerman, Carlos Decastro, Joseph Moore, Nelson J. Chao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Allogeneic transplantation is typically limited to younger patients having a matched donor. To allow a donor to be found for nearly all patients, we have used a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen in conjunction with stem cells from a related donor with one fully mismatched HLA haplotype. Patients and Methods Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and alemtuzumab were used as the preparatory regimen. Additional graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included mycophenolate with or without cyclosporine. Patients with persistence of disease had a donor lymphocyte boost planned. Toxicities, engraftment, response, survival, and immune recovery are reported. Results Forty-nine patients with hematologic malignancies or marrow failure and no other available donors were enrolled. Ninety-four percent of patients had successful engraftment, and 8% had secondary graft failure. The treatment-related mortality rate was 10.2%, and 8% of patients had severe GVHD. Encouraging evidence of quantitative lymphocyte recovery through expansion of transplanted T cells was noted by 3 to 6 months. Seventy-five percent of patients attained a complete remission, and 1-year survival rate was 31% (95% CI, 18% to 44%). A standard-risk group of 19 patients with aplasia or in remission at transplantation demonstrated a 63% 1-year survival rate (95% CI, 38% to 80%) and 2.9-year median overall survival time (95% CI, 6.2 to 48 months). Conclusion Nonmyeloablative therapy using haploidentical family member donors is feasible because the main obstacles of GVHD and graft rejection are manageable, allowing readily available stem-cell donors to be found for nearly all patients. Further qualitative and quantitative improvement in immune recovery is needed to address the high rate of relapse and risk of severe infections.
The Subcutaneous Use of Heparin
Authors: GEZA DE TAKATS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The present use of anticoagulants is hampered by the necessity of giving a number of injections of heparin each day, or of using an oral anticoagulant which acts by throttling prothrombin delivery from the liver and does not seem to be a safe anticoagulant, since its laboratory control is not standardized. Because of this an attempt is made in this paper to show the effectiveness of administering heparin subcutaneously and of giving only enough to restore the clotting mechanism to its normal level but not necessarily prolonging the clotting time. With this principle a single injection of heparin a day or every second day seems sufficient, and the danger of hemorrhage is greatly minized.
Is Surgery Necessary After Complete Clinical Remission Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer?
Authors: A. Ring, A. Webb, S. Ashley, W.H. Allum, S. Ebbs, G. Gui, N.P. Sacks, G. Walsh, I.E. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

This retrospective analysis aimed to identify whether breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy alone following a complete clinical remission (cCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a worse outcome than those treated with surgery.One hundred thirty-six patients who had achieved a cCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer were identified from a prospectively maintained database of 453 patients. Of these, 67 patients had undergone surgery as their primary locoregional therapy, and 69 patients had radiotherapy alone. Outcome was assessed in relation to local recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival.Median follow-up was 63 months in the surgery group and 87 months in the no surgery group. Prognostic characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. For surgery and no surgery, respectively, there were no significant differences in disease-free survival or overall survival (5-year, 74% v 76%; 10-year, 60% v 70%, P =.9) between the two groups. There was a nonsignificant trend toward increased locoregional-only recurrence for the no surgery group (21% v 10% at 5 years; P =.09), but no long-term failures of local control. Patients in the no surgery group who also achieved an ultrasound complete remission had a 5-year local recurrence rate of only 8%.In patients achieving a cCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy alone achieve survival rates as good as with surgery, but with higher local recurrence rates. Ultrasound may identify a low recurrence rate subgroup for assessing no surgery in a prospective trial.
Reliability and validity of a Swedish version of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire
Authors: CP Engstrom, LO Persson, S Larsson, M Sullivan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was designed to measure quality of life (QoL) in obstructive pulmonary disease. Its reliability, validity and sensitivity have been demonstrated. The aim was to develop a Swedish version of the SGRQ and to confirm its scaling and clinical properties. The SGRQ was adapted for Swedish conditions following a translation-backtranslation procedure. The psychometric and clinical evaluation included 68 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Supplementary QoL, clinical and physiological data were collected. A follow-up study was performed 1 yr later. Correlation analysis used a multitrait-multimethod model. Internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity were documented by performing a multitrait analysis. The results confirmed expected levels of associations. Correlation coefficients between the SGRQ total score and the Sickness Impact Profile Total score (a generic health measure), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and 6 min walking distance were 0.69, -0.42 and -0.61 respectively. The pattern of correlations in the Swedish data set was very similar to that of the original. The stability of the SGRQ scores was confirmed at follow-up after 1 yr. The reliability was satisfactory, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients &gt;0.80 for the SGRQ and its subdimensions. In conclusion, the Swedish version of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire is reliable, valid and compares well with the corresponding tests of the original version.
A BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS OF CHICKENS
Authors: J. R. Beach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. The causative agent of infectious laryngotracheitis of chickens was found to be present in bacteriologically sterile tracheal exudate, spleens, and livers of diseased fowls. 2. The causative agent was present regularly in the tracheal exudate, in the spleens of about 60 per cent, and in the livers of about 30 per cent of chickens with active laryngotracheitis infection. 3. Suspensions of the spleen and liver were less effective in inducing the disease than those made from the tracheal exudate. This finding, together with the absence of pathological changes in the spleens and livers would seem to indicate that they are not actively involved but that the causative agent is carried to them by way of the blood. 4. The disease could, in our experience, be produced only in chickens Domesticated ducks and several wild and free-flying species of birds, including sparrows, crows, starlings, doves, and pigeons were found to be refractory, and so too were rabbits, guinea pigs, white rats, and one pig that was tested.
VEGFD regulates blood vascular development by modulating SOX18 activity
Authors: Tam Duong, Katarzyna Koltowska, Cathy Pichol-Thievend, Ludovic Le Guen, Frank Fontaine, Kelly A. Smith, Vy Truong, Renae Skoczylas, Steven A. Stacker, Marc G. Achen, Peter Koopman, Benjamin M. Hogan, Mathias Francois
Journal: Blood (2013)
Common vaccinations among adults do not increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA study
Authors: C. Bengtsson, M. C. Kapetanovic, H. Kallberg, B. Sverdrup, B. Nordmark, L. Klareskog, L. Alfredsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the association between vaccinations in adults and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> Data from the Swedish population-based Epidemiological Investigation of RA case-control study encompassing 1998 incident cases of RA aged 18–70 years and 2252 randomly selected controls matched for age, sex and residency were analysed. Those vaccinated within 5 years before disease onset were compared with those not vaccinated by calculating OR with 95% CI. <h3>Results</h3> Vaccinations neither increased the risk of RA overall (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.1) nor the risk of two major subgroups of RA (antibodies to citrullinated peptide-positive (ACPA-positive) and ACPA-negative disease). Furthermore, vaccinations did not increase the risk of RA in smokers or carriers of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles, two groups with established risk factors for RA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this case-control study of incident cases of newly diagnosed RA, no increased risk of RA following immunisation was observed for vaccinations overall or for any specific vaccination. This indicates that immunological provocation of adults with commonly used vaccines in their present form carries no risk of RA. These findings should be implemented among public healthcare providers in order to encourage vaccinations according to recommended national vaccination schedules.
[177] THE MELD-SERUM SODIUM RELATION IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE LIVER DISEASE
Authors: H. Selcuk, I. Uruc, M.A. Temel, S. Ocal, M. Korkmaz, H. Unal, N. Savas, G. Gur, U. Yilmaz, M. Haberal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Differential Effect of Environmental Adversity by Gender: Rutter’s Index of Adversity in a Group of Boys and Girls With and Without ADHD
Authors: Joseph Biederman, Stephen V. Faraone, Michael C. Monuteaux
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of gender in mediating the association between environmental adversity and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated impairments. METHOD: The authors studied 280 ADHD and 242 healthy comparison probands of both genders who were between the ages of 6 and 17 years. They tested the association between Rutter’s indicators of adversity (including family conflict, social class, family size, maternal psychopathology, and paternal criminality) and ADHD, comorbidity, and functioning. RESULTS: Greater levels of environmental adversity were associated with a greater risk for ADHD and other comorbidity in both genders in a dose-dependent fashion. However, learning disability and global functioning were modified by gender, with more detrimental effects observed in boys than in girls. Low social class, maternal psychopathology, and family conflict were significantly associated with psychopathology and functional impairment in the probands, with control for gender, parental ADHD, proband ADHD status, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial adversity in general and low social class, maternal psychopathology, and family conflict in particular increased the risk for ADHD and associated morbidity independently of gender and other risk factors, but gender modified the risk for adverse cognitive and interpersonal outcomes; boys were more vulnerable to the disorder than girls. Because of the difficulties in separating the effects of genetics from environment, these results must be interpreted as provisional until confirmation from twin and adoption studies.
HBXIP, Cellular Target of Hepatitis B Virus Oncoprotein, Is a Regulator of Centrosome Dynamics and Cytokinesis
Authors: Ryoji Fujii, Changjun Zhu, Yunfei Wen, Hiroyuki Marusawa, Beatrice Bailly-Maitre, Shu-ichi Matsuzawa, Hong Zhang, Youngsoo Kim, C. Frank Bennett, Wei Jiang, John C. Reed
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Hepatitis B virus accounts for more than 1 million cancer deaths annually, but the mechanism by which this virus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma remains unclear. The hepatitis B virus genome encodes an oncoprotein, HBx, which binds various cellular proteins including HBXIP. We show here that HBXIP is a regulator of centrosome duplication, required for bipolar spindle formation in HeLa human carcinoma cells and primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. We found that most cells deficient in HBXIP arrest in prometaphase with monopolar spindles whereas HBXIP overexpression causes tripolar or multipolar spindles due to excessive centrosome replication. Additionally, a defect in cytokinesis was seen in HBXIP-deficient HeLa cells, with most cells failing to complete division and succumbing eventually to apoptosis. Expression of viral HBx in HeLa cells mimicked the effects of HBXIP overexpression, causing excessive centrosome replication, resulting in tripolar and multipolar spindles and defective cytokinesis. Immunolocalization and fluorescent protein tagging experiments showed that HBXIP associates with microtubules of dividing cells and colocalizes with HBx on centrosomes. Thus, viral HBx and its cellular target HBXIP regulate centrosome dynamics and cytokinesis affecting genetic stability. In vivo experiments using antisense oligonucleotides targeting HBXIP in a mouse model of liver regeneration showed a requirement for HBXIP for growth and survival of replicating hepatocytes. Thus, HBXIP is a critical regulator of hepatocyte cell growth in vivo, making it a strong candidate for explaining the tumorigenic actions of viral HBx. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 9099-107)
Analysis of Sociodemographic Parameters of Esophageal Cancer and its Association with ABO Blood Group
Authors: A. Kapoor, M. Singhal, N. Kumar, S. Lal, S. Narayan, P. Bagri, D. Singh, R. Nirban, S. Maharia, G. Singh, S. Jakhar, S. Beniwal, N. Sharma, H. Kumar, P. Kumari, A. Sharma, M. Bardia
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Changes in Insulin Resistance and HbA1c Are Related to Exercise-Mediated Changes in Body Composition in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yorgi Mavros, Shelley Kay, Kylie A. Anderberg, Michael K. Baker, Yi Wang, Renru Zhao, Jacinda Meiklejohn, Mike Climstein, Anthony O’Sullivan, Nathan de Vos, Bernhard T. Baune, Steven N. Blair, David Simar, Kieron Rooney, Nalin Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone Singh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To investigate changes in body composition after 12 months of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) in relation to changes in insulin resistance (IR) or glucose homeostasis in older adults with type 2 diabetes.One-hundred three participants were randomized to receive either PRT or sham exercise 3 days per week for 12 months. Homeostasis model assessment 2 of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were used as indices of IR and glucose homeostasis. Skeletal muscle mass (SkMM) and total fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Visceral adipose tissue, mid-thigh cross-sectional area, and mid-thigh muscle attenuation were quantified using computed tomography.Within the PRT group, changes in HOMA2-IR were associated with changes in SkMM (r = -0.38; P = 0.04) and fat mass (r = 0.42; P = 0.02). Changes in visceral adipose tissue tended to be related to changes in HOMA2-IR (r = 0.35; P = 0.07). Changes in HbA1c were related to changes in mid-thigh muscle attenuation (r = 0.52; P = 0.001). None of these relationships were present in the sham group (P > 0.05). Using ANCOVA models, participants in the PRT group who had increased SkMM had decreased HOMA2-IR (P = 0.05) and HbA1c (P = 0.09) compared with those in the PRT group who lost SkMM. Increases in SkMM in the PRT group decreased HOMA2-IR (P = 0.07) and HbA1c (P < 0.05) compared with those who had increased SkMM in the sham group.Improvements in metabolic health in older adults with type 2 diabetes were mediated through improvements in body composition only if they were achieved through high-intensity PRT.