tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary intakes of age-group swimmers.
Authors: J A Hawley, M M Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

The purposes of this study were to collect information regarding the dietary habits of male and female age-group swimmers and report the energy consumptions of these athletes in relation to their daily training demands. Twenty competitive swimmers, who were training 6000 m per day 6 days a week, recorded all fluid and food consumed during a 4-day period. Dietary analysis revealed that 11 swimmers (55%) had calcium intakes below recommended dietary allowances (RDA), while 13 (65%) had iron intakes lower than RDA. Despite identical training loads and body mass, male swimmers had significantly greater (P = 0.004) daily mean (s.d.) energy consumption (3072(732) kcal, 12.9(3.1) MJ) than females (2130(544) kcal, 8.9(2.3) MJ) and were maintaining energy balance. Although the contribution of carbohydrate to total daily energy intake was the same for male (55%) and female swimmers (56%), the females ingested significantly less (P = 0.011) carbohydrate (292(87) g) than the males (404(88) g) and could be considered deficient in dietary carbohydrate with respect to their daily training demands.
A randomised trial comparing mesalazine and prednisolone foam enemas in patients with acute distal ulcerative colitis.
Authors: F I Lee, D P Jewell, V Mani, M R Keighley, R D Kingston, C O Record, R H Grace, S Daniels, J Patterson, K Smith
Journal: Gut (1996)

Distal ulcerative colitis can be treated with oral or rectal mesalazine, or both. A foam enema preparation has been developed and its efficacy investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesalazine foam enemas compared with prednisolone foam enemas in the treatment of patients with acute distal ulcerative colitis. Patients aged over 18 years presenting with a relapse of distal ulcerative colitis were randomly allocated treatment with mesalazine foam enema (n = 149 evaluable patients) and prednisolone foam enema (n = 146 evaluable patients) for four weeks. A randomised multicentre investigator blind parallel group trial was conducted. It was found that after four weeks of treatment, clinical remission was achieved by 52% of mesalazine treated patients and 31% of patients treated with prednisolone (p &lt; 0.001). There was a trend in favour of more patients in the mesalazine group achieving sigmoidoscopic remission (40% v 31%, p = 0.10). Histological remission was achieved by 27% and 21% of patients receiving mesalazine and prednisolone respectively. Symptoms improved in both treatment groups. Significantly more mesalazine patients had no blood in their stools after four weeks of treatment (67% v 40%, p &lt; 0.001). Prednisolone treated patients had significantly fewer days with liquid stools than mesalazine patients, with a median of 0 and 1 days respectively by week 4 (p = 0.001). In this study mesalazine foam enema was superior to prednisolone foam enema with regards to clinical remission, this was supported by favourable trends in sigmoidoscopic and histological remission rates. Both treatments were well tolerated.
Efficacy and effectiveness of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artesunate-mefloquine in falciparum malaria: an open-label randomised comparison
Authors: Frank Smithuis, Moe Kyaw Kyaw, Ohn Phe, Khin Zarli Aye, Linn Htet, Marion Barends, Niklas Lindegardh, Thida Singtoroj, Elizabeth Ashley, Saw Lwin, Kasia Stepniewska, Nicholas J White
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
Environmental Estrogen Stimulation of Growth and Estrogen Receptor Function in Preneoplastic and Cancerous Human Breast Cell Lines
Authors: P. V. M. Shekhar, J. Werdell, V. S. Basrur
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

Background : DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are widespread in the ecosystem, can mimic estrogenmediated cell activities. Thus, they can potentially interfere with many physiologic processes. We compared the effects of organochlorines belonging to the DDT and PCB families, alone and in combination, for their ability to influence the estrogen receptor-mediated activities in preneoplastic breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells. Methods : Multiple assay systems requiring functional estrogen receptor were employed to test estrogen-like activity of organochlorine ligands. Two-sided statistical tests were used to compare the data. Results : p,p '-DDT, the predominant form of DDT in the environment, is a more potent estrogen than o,p '-DDT ( P <.001), although it is less effective than o,p '-DDT in inhibiting the binding of estradiol (natural estrogen) to estrogen receptor. Among the PCBs, Heptachlor is estrogenic (in transient reporter assays; P ⩽.001), whereas Aroclor 1221 and Aroclor 1254, both individually and in combination, are only weakly estrogenic. Conclusion : p,p '-DDT is the most effective organochlorine in regulating estrogen receptormediated cellular responses. In estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, p,p '-DDT evokes responses by itself and enhances the responses in collaboration with estradiol or o,p '-DDT.
Measuring respiratory symptoms in clinical trials of COPD: reliability and validity of a daily diary
Authors: N K Leidy, C C Sexton, P W Jones, S M Notte, B U Monz, L Nelsen, M Goldman, L T Murray, S Sethi
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Although respiratory symptoms are characteristic features of COPD, there is no standardised method for quantifying their severity in stable disease. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the EXACT-Respiratory Symptom (E-RS) measure, a daily diary comprising 11 of the 14 items in the Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT). <h3>Methods</h3> Qualitative: patient focus group and interviews to address content validity. Quantitative: secondary data analyses to test reliability and validity. <h3>Results</h3> Qualitative: n=84; mean (SD) age 65 (10) years, FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.2(0.4) L; 44% male. Subject descriptions of their respiratory symptoms were consistent with E-RS content and structure. Quantitative: n=188; mean (SD) age 66 (10) years, FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.2(0.5) L; 50% male. Factor analysis (FA) showed 3 subscales: RS-Breathlessness, RS-Cough &amp; Sputum, and RS-Chest Symptoms; second-order FA supported a general factor and total score. Reliability (total and subscales): 0.88, 0.86, 0.73, 0.81; 2-day test-retest ICC: 0.90, 0.86, 0.87, 0.82, respectively. Validity: Total scores correlated significantly (p &lt; 0.0001) with SGRQ Total (r=0.75), Symptoms (r=0.66), Activity (r=0.57), Impact (r=0.70) scores; subscale correlations were also significant (r=0.26, p &lt; 0.05 (RS-Chest Symptoms with Activity) to r=0.69, p &lt; 0.0001 (RS-Cough &amp; Sputum with Symptoms). RS-Breathlessness correlated with rescue medication use (r=0.32, p &lt; 0.0001), clinician-reported mMRC (r=0.33, p &lt; 0.0001), and FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted (r=-0.17, p &lt; 0.05). E-RS scores differentiated groups based on chronic bronchitis diagnosis (p &lt; 0.01–0.001), smoking status (p &lt; 0.05–0.001), and rescue medication use (p &lt; 0.05–0.0001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Results suggest the RS-Total is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating respiratory symptom severity in stable COPD. Further study of sensitivity to change is warranted.
Superiority of Oxaliplatin and Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Compared With Either Therapy Alone in Patients With Progressive Colorectal Cancer After Irinotecan and Fluorouracil-Leucovorin: Interim Results of a Phase III Trial
Authors: Mace L. Rothenberg, Amit M. Oza, Robert H. Bigelow, Jordan D. Berlin, John L. Marshall, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Lowell L. Hart, Sunil Gupta, Carlos A. Garay, Brent G. Burger, Nathalie Le Bail, Daniel G. Haller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: In North America, no effective therapy has been available for patients with progressive metastatic colorectal cancer after front-line treatment with irinotecan, bolus fluorouracil (FU), and leucovorin (IFL). Patients and Methods: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who progressed after IFL therapy were randomly assigned to bolus and infusional FU and leucovorin (LV5FU2), single-agent oxaliplatin, or the combination (FOLFOX4). This planned interim analysis evaluated objective response rate (RR), time to tumor progression (TTP), and alleviation of tumor-related symptoms (TRS) in an initial cohort of patients. Results: Between November 2000 and September 2001, 463 patients from 120 sites in North America were randomly assigned to treatment. FOLFOX4 proved superior to LV5FU2 in all measures of clinical efficacy. Objective RRs determined by an independent radiology panel were 9.9% for FOLFOX4 versus 0% for LV5FU2 (Fisher’s exact test, P &lt; .0001). Median TTP was 4.6 months for FOLFOX4 versus 2.7 months for LV5FU2 (two-sided, stratified log-rank test, P &lt; .0001). Relief of TRS occurred in 33% of patients treated with FOLFOX4 versus 12% of patients treated with LVFU2 (χ 2 test, P &lt; .001). Single-agent oxaliplatin was not superior to LV5FU2 in any measure of efficacy. Patients treated with FOLFOX4 experienced a higher incidence of clinically significant toxicities than patients treated with LV5FU2, but these toxicities were predictable and did not result in a higher rate of treatment discontinuation or 60-day mortality rate. Conclusion: For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, second-line treatment with FOLFOX4 is superior to treatment with LVFU2 in terms of RR, TTP, and relief of TRS.
Phase 2 study of BCNU and temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: North American Brain Tumor Consortium study
Authors: Michael D. Prados, W.K. Alfred Yung, Howard A. Fine, Harry S. Greenberg, Larry Junck, Susan M. Chang, M. Kelly Nicholas, H. Ian Robins, Minesh P. Mehta, Karen L. Fink, Kurt A. Jaeckle, John Kuhn, Kenneth R. Hess, S. Clifford Schold
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2004)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity, measured in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and response rates, of 1,3-bis(chloro-ethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) plus temozolomide in adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.The phase 2 dose and schedule for this trial was BCNU 150 mg/m 2 i.v.followed in 2 h by temozolomide 550 mg/m 2 as a single oral dose.Treatment was repeated every 6 weeks for up to 8 cycles unless tumor progression was documented.The
Biological vs Conventional Combination Treatment and Work Loss in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jonas K. Eriksson, Martin Neovius, Johan Bratt, Ingemar F. Petersson, Ronald F. van Vollenhoven, Pierre Geborek, Sofia Ernestam
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

The introduction of biological tumor necrosis factor inhibitors has improved the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but at a substantial cost. These drugs have been shown to lead to superior radiological outcomes compared with a combination of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs over 2 years.To investigate whether radiological superiority translates into better work loss outcomes.Multicenter, 2-arm, parallel, randomized, active-controlled, open-label trial. Patients with early RA (symptom duration <1 year) were recruited from 15 rheumatology clinics in Sweden from October 1, 2002, through December 31, 2005. The study population was restricted to working-age patients (aged <63 years).Patients who did not achieve low disease activity after 3 to 4 months of methotrexate therapy were randomized to receive additional biological treatment with infliximab or conventional combination treatment with sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine.Monthly sick leave and disability pension days 21 months after randomization retrieved from the nationwide Swedish Social Insurance Office register. Main analyses were by intention to treat, including all patients, and adjusted for baseline sick leave and disability pension.Of 204 eligible patients, 105 were randomized to biological and 99 to conventional treatment. Seven patients in the biological and 4 in the conventional treatment group never received the study drug, and 72 and 52 patients, respectively, followed the study per protocol for 21 months. The baseline mean (SD) work loss was 17 (13) d/mo (median, 16 d/mo) in both groups (mean difference, 0.6 d/mo; 95% CI, -3.0 to 3.9). The mean changes in work loss at 21 months were -4.9 d/mo in the biological and -6.2 d/mo in the conventional treatment group (adjusted mean difference, 1.6 d/mo; 95% CI, -1.2 to 4.4). Including only patients receiving at least 1 dose of assigned treatment, the adjusted mean difference was 1.5 d/mo (95% CI, -1.5 to 4.4), and in per-protocol analysis the adjusted mean difference was 0.3 d/mo (95% CI, -2.8 to 3.8).The radiological superiority of biological compared with conventional combination therapy did not translate into better work loss outcomes in patients with early RA who had experienced an insufficient response to methotrexate.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00764725.
Evaluation of Nonfasting Tests to Screen for Childhood and Adolescent Dysglycemia
Authors: Joyce M. Lee, Achamyeleh Gebremariam, En-Ling Wu, Jennifer LaRose, James G. Gurney
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To assess performance of nonfasting tests to screen children for dysglycemia (prediabetes or diabetes).This was a cross-sectional study of 254 overweight or obese (BMI ≥85th percentile) children aged 10-17 years. Subjects came for two visits to a clinical research unit. For visit one, they arrived fasting and a 2-h glucose tolerance test and HbA(1c) and fructosamine testing were performed. For visit two, they arrived nonfasting and had a random plasma glucose, a 1-h 50-g nonfasting glucose challenge test (1-h GCT), and urine dipstick performed. The primary end point was dysglycemia (fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL or a 2-h postglucose ≥140 mg/dL). Test performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculations of area under the ROC curve.Approximately one-half of children were female, 59% were white, and 30% were black. There were 99 (39%) cases of prediabetes and 3 (1.2%) cases of diabetes. Urine dipstick, HbA(1c) (area under the curve [AUC] 0.54 [95% CI 0.47-0.61]), and fructosamine (AUC 0.55 [0.47-0.63]) displayed poor discrimination for identifying children with dysglycemia. Both random glucose (AUC 0.66 [0.60-0.73]) and 1-h GCT (AUC 0.68 [0.61-0.74]) had better levels of test discrimination than HbA(1c) or fructosamine.HbA(1c) had poor discrimination, which could lead to missed cases of dysglycemia in children. Random glucose or 1-h GCT may potentially be incorporated into clinical practice as initial screening tests for prediabetes or diabetes and for determining which children should undergo further definitive testing.
Does bony hip morphology affect the outcome of treatment for patients with adductor-related groin pain? Outcome 10 years after baseline assessment
Authors: Per Hölmich, Kristian Thorborg, Per Nyvold, Jakob Klit, Michael B Nielsen, Anders Troelsen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Adductor-related groin pain and bony morphology such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or hip dysplasia can coexist clinically. A previous randomised controlled trial in which athletes with adductor-related groin pain underwent either passive treatment (PT) or active treatment (AT) showed good results in the AT group. The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate if radiological signs of FAI or hip dysplasia seem to affect the clinical outcome, initially and at 8–12 years of follow-up. Methods 47 patients (80%) were available for follow-up. The clinical result was assessed by a standardised clinical outcome combining patient-reported activity, symptoms and physical examination. Anterioposterior pelvic radiographs were obtained and the centre-edge angle of Wiberg, α angle, presence of a crossover sign and Tönnis grade of osteoarthritis were assessed by a blinded observer using a reliable protocol. Results No significant between-group differences regarding the distribution of radiological morphologies were found. There was a decrease over time in clinical outcome in the AT group with α angles &gt;55° compared to those with α angles &lt;55° (p=0.047). In the AT group, there was no significant difference in the distribution of Tönnis grades between hips that had an unchanged or improved outcome compared with hips that had a worse outcome over time (p=0.145). Conclusions No evidence was found that bony hip morphology related to FAI or dysplasia prevents successful outcome of the exercise treatment programme with results lasting 8–12 years. The entity of adductor-related groin pain in physically active adults can be treated with AT even in the presence of morphological changes to the hip joint.
Cetuximab Plus Capecitabine and Irinotecan Compared With Cetuximab Plus Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin As First-Line Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: AIO KRK-0104—A Randomized Trial of the German AIO CRC Study Group
Authors: Nicolas Moosmann, Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal, Ursula Vehling-Kaiser, Martina Stauch, Holger G. Hass, Herrmann Dietzfelbinger, Daniel Oruzio, Stefan Klein, Klaus Zellmann, Thomas Decker, Mathias Schulze, Wolfgang Abenhardt, Gerhard Puchtler, Herbert Kappauf, Johann Mittermüller, Christopher Haberl, Andreas Schalhorn, Andreas Jung, Sebastian Stintzing, Volker Heinemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose The AIO KRK-0104 randomized phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of cetuximab combined with capecitabine and irinotecan (CAPIRI) or capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients and Methods A total of 185 patients with mCRC were randomly assigned to cetuximab (400 mg/m 2 day 1, followed by 250 mg/m 2 weekly) plus CAPIRI (irinotecan 200 mg/m 2 , day 1; capecitabine 800 mg/m 2 twice daily days 1 through 14, every 3 weeks; or cetuximab plus CAPOX (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m 2 day 1; capecitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 twice daily day 1 through 14, every 3 weeks). The primary study end point was objective response rate (ORR). Results In the intention-to-treat patient population (n = 177), ORR was 46% (95% CI, 35 to 57) for CAPIRI plus cetuximab versus 48% (95% CI, 37 to 59) for CAPOX plus cetuximab. Analysis of the KRAS gene mutation status was performed in 81.4% of the intention to treat population. Patients with KRAS wild-type in the CAPIRI plus cetuximab arm showed an ORR of 50.0%, a PFS of 6.2 months and an OS of 21.1 months. In the CAPOX plus cetuximab arm, an ORR of 44.9%, a PFS of 7.1 months and an OS of 23.5 months were observed. While ORR and PFS were comparable in KRAS wild-type and mutant subgroups, a trend toward longer survival was associated with KRAS wild-type. Both regimens had manageable toxicity profiles and were safe. Conclusion This randomized trial demonstrates that the addition of cetuximab to CAPIRI or CAPOX is effective and safe in first-line treatment of mCRC. In the analyzed regimens, ORR and PFS did not differ according to KRAS gene mutation status.
HEPATITIS C VIRUS ANTIBODIES AMONG RISK GROUPS IN SPAIN
Authors: J.I. Esteban, L. Viladomiu, A. Gonzalez, M. Roget, J. Genescà, R. Esteban, J.C. López-Talavera, J.M. Hernández, V. Vargas, M. Buti, J. Guardia, M. Houghton, Q-L. Choo, G. Kuo
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Relation between perfusion, metabolism and functional recovery early after coronary revascularization in patients with hibernating myocardium
Authors: F. Alamanni, A. Repossini, A.A. Lotto, F. Bortone, A. Parolari, E. Doria, L. Ruffini, M. Pepi, R. Accinni, P. Biglioli, O. Parodi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
P1241 A FULLY-AUTOMATED PIPELINE FOR SEQUENCING WHOLE VIRAL GENOMES WITHOUT VIRUS-SPECIFIC PCR AMPLIFICATION TO DETERMINE HCV RESISTANCE TO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: D.G. Bonsall, P. Piazza, A. Trebes, A. Brown, J. Iles, J. Halliday, J. Hurst, E. Batty, A. Ansari, C. Ip, R. Bowden, D. Crook, P. Klenerman, E. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Proposed Bill Would Expand Obesity Treatments for Medicare Recipients
Authors: Laura Buchholz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Familial congenital complete heart block and maternal systemic lupus erythematosis.
Authors: R B Winkler, A H Nora, J J Nora
Journal: Circulation (1977)

A family is reported in which two siblings had congenital complete heart block with resultant congestive heart failure, the father and paternal grandfather show adult-onset conduction defects, and the mother has systemic lupus erythematosis. The interaction of heredity and environment is discussed in this context. A review of the literature on familial complete heart block suggests that so-called pure congenital-onset familial heart block, originally felt to be genetic, may in fact have an important enivronmental component, specifically related to ongoing maternal factors such as systemic lupus erythematosis.
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Noninvasively Detect Genetic Signatures in Oligodendroglioma
Authors: Robert Brown, Magdalena Zlatescu, Angelique Sijben, Gloria Roldan, Jay Easaw, Peter Forsyth, Ian Parney, Robert Sevick, Elizabeth Yan, Douglas Demetrick, David Schiff, Gregory Cairncross, Ross Mitchell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Background: Some patients with low-grade glioma have extraordinarily long survival times; current, early treatment does not prolong their lives. For this reason, therapies that sometimes have neurologic side effects are often deferred intentionally. Methods: In a study of oligodendrogliomas, we used a quantitative method of MR analysis based on the S-transform to investigate whether codeletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q, a marker of good prognosis, could be predicted accurately by measuring image texture. Results: Differences in texture were seen between tumors with codeletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q and those with intact 1p and 19q alleles on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted MR images. Quantitative MR texture on T2 images predicted codeletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: This new method of MR image interpretation may have the potential to augment the diagnostic assessment of patients with suspected low-grade glioma.