tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is hormone replacement therapy protective for hand and knee osteoarthritis in women?: The Chingford study
Authors: T D Spector, D Nandra, D J Hart, D V Doyle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

To explore whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has a protective role for osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand and knee in a cross sectional study of women in the general population.1003 women aged 45-64 (mean age 54.2) from the Chingford Study were asked details of HRT use. Standard anteroposterior radiographs of hands, knees were taken and scored according to the methods of Kellgren and Lawrence (grade 2+ positive for OA), and using individual features of osteophytes and joint space narrowing. Analysis compared ever use (> 12 months) versus never use, and current use (> 12 months) versus never use. Only 606 definitely postmenopausal women were included in the analysis. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression for risk of user versus non-user at each site, adjusted for age, height and weight, menopausal age and for bone mineral density of the femoral neck.For current users (n = 72) there was a significant protective effect of HRT for knee OA (defined by Kellgren and Lawrence grade or osteophytes 0.31 (95% CI 0.11, 0.93), and a similar but not significant effect for moderate joint space narrowing of the knee, 0.41 (95% CI 0.05, 3.15) and for distal interphalangeal OA 0.48 (95% CI 0.17, 1.42). No clear effect was seen for the carpometacarpal joint, CMC OA 0.94 (95% CI 0.44, 2.03). When analysing ever users (n = 129) the protective effect was reduced. For ex-users of > 12 months (mean duration 40.7 months), there was no overall protective effect of HRT for OA. Additional adjustment for hysterectomy, physical activity, social class, and smoking made little difference to the results.These data show an inverse association of current HRT use and radiological OA of the knee suggestive of a protective effect. The effect was weaker in the hand joints. The mechanism of the protection is unclear but has important implications for aetiopathogenesis.
Functional and Clinical Evidence for <i>NDRG2</i> as a Candidate Suppressor of Liver Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Dong Chul Lee, Yun Kyung Kang, Woo Ho Kim, Ye Jin Jang, Dong Joon Kim, In Young Park, Bo Hwa Sohn, Hyun Ahm Sohn, Hee Gu Lee, Jong Seok Lim, Jae Wha Kim, Eun Young Song, Dong Min Kim, Mi-Ni Lee, Goo Taeg Oh, Soo Jung Kim, Kyung Chan Park, Hyang Sook Yoo, Jong Young Choi, Young Il Yeom
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We searched for potential suppressors of tumor metastasis by identifying the genes that are frequently down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) while being negatively correlated with clinical parameters relevant to tumor metastasis, and we report here on the identification of N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) as a promising candidate. NDRG2 expression was significantly reduced in HCC compared with nontumor or normal liver tissues [87.5% (35 of 40) and 62% (62 of 100) at RNA and protein levels, respectively]. Reduction of NDRG2 expression was intimately associated with promoter hypermethylation because its promoter region was found to carry extensively methylated CpG sites in HCC cell lines and primary tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of NDRG2 protein in 100 HCC patient tissues indicated that NDRG2 expression loss is significantly correlated with aggressive tumor behaviors such as late tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.012), differentiation grade (P = 0.024), portal vein thrombi (P = 0.011), infiltrative growth pattern (P = 0.015), nodal/distant metastasis (P = 0.027), and recurrent tumor (P = 0.021), as well as shorter patient survival rates. Ectopically expressed NDRG2 suppressed invasion and migration of a highly invasive cell line, SK-Hep-1, and experimental tumor metastasis in vivo, whereas small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown resulted in increased invasion and migration of a weakly invasive cell line, PLC/PRF/5. In addition, NDRG2 could antagonize transforming growth factor β1–mediated tumor cell invasion by specifically down-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and laminin 332 pathway components, with concomitant suppression of Rho GTPase activity. These results suggest that NDRG2 can inhibit extracellular matrix–based, Rho-driven tumor cell invasion and migration and thereby play important roles in suppressing tumor metastasis in HCC. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4210–20]
Late Sequelae of Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Authors: D S Baldwin, R G Schacht
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1976)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
AN ORAL SYNDROME COMPLICATING PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY: STUDY II
Authors: BENJAMIN POLLACK, IRVIN F. BUCK, LIVIA KALNINS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

This large-scale investigation over the past year would indicate that we are dealing with a hitherto previously unrecognized syndrome characterized by xerostomia (dry mouth) with or without shrinkage of the gums, diffuse redness of the mucous membranes of the mouth, loosened dentures with or without actual vesicles in the mouth and tongue, denture stomatitis, cracking of lips and corners of the mouth, thin white pseudomembrane formation, white or black hairy tongue, or conversely, the bald beefy red tongue devoid of filiform papillae with varying degrees of atrophy of the fungiform papillae. In women, an associated moniliasis is present in the vagina in a fair percentage of those tested. Monilia were found in 48% of the oral cultures from patients on phenothiazines or antidepressant drugs (Tofränil and Elavil) alone or in combination, of whom 29.5% had actual clinical lesions. It is more prevalent in patients who have dentures and is equally common in both hospitalized patients and in private practice. This is not a physiological response to the drug but due to an infection by monilia, specifically, Candida albicans. It responds very satisfactorily in 2 or 3 weeks to treatment by amphotericin B. There is some thought at the present time of developing a solution which hopefully will protect the mouth against this excessive dryness and susceptibility to monilial infection.
High incidence of cytomegalovirus infection after nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation: potential role of Campath-1H in delaying immune reconstitution
Authors: Suparno Chakrabarti, Stephen Mackinnon, Raj Chopra, Panagiotis D. Kottaridis, Karl Peggs, Peter O'Gorman, Ronjon Chakraverty, Timothy Marshall, Husam Osman, Premini Mahendra, Charles Craddock, Herman Waldmann, Geoff Hale, Christopher D. Fegan, Kwee Yong, Anthony H. Goldstone, David C. Linch, Donald W. Milligan
Journal: Blood (2002)
Stakeholder Discussion to Reduce Population-Wide Sodium Intake and Decrease Sodium in the Food Supply
Authors: Elliott M. Antman, Lawrence J. Appel, Douglas Balentine, Rachel K. Johnson, Lyn M. Steffen, Emily Ann Miller, Antigoni Pappas, Kimberly F. Stitzel, Dorothea K. Vafiadis, Laurie Whitsel
Journal: Circulation (2014)

A 2-day interactive forum was convened to discuss the current status and future implications of reducing sodium in the food supply and to identify opportunities for stakeholder collaboration.Participants included 128 stakeholders engaged in food research and development, food manufacturing and retail, restaurant and food service operations, regulatory and legislative activities, public health initiatives, healthcare, academia and scientific research, and data monitoring and surveillance. Presentation topics included scientific evidence for sodium reduction and public health policy recommendations; consumer sodium intakes, attitudes, and behaviors; food technologies and solutions for sodium reduction and sensory implications; experiences of the food and dining industries; and translation and implementation of sodium intake recommendations. Facilitated breakout sessions were conducted to allow for sharing of current practices, insights, and expertise.A well-established body of scientific research shows that there is a strong relationship between excess sodium intake and high blood pressure and other adverse health outcomes. With Americans getting >75% of their sodium from processed and restaurant food, this evidence creates mounting pressure for less sodium in the food supply. The reduction of sodium in the food supply is a complex issue that involves multiple stakeholders. The success of new technological approaches for reducing sodium will depend on product availability, health effects (both intended and unintended), research and development investments, quality and taste of reformulated foods, supply chain management, operational modifications, consumer acceptance, and cost. The conference facilitated an exchange of ideas and set the stage for potential collaboration opportunities among stakeholders with mutual interest in reducing sodium in the food supply and in Americans' diets. Population-wide sodium reduction remains a critically important component of public health efforts to promote cardiovascular health and prevent cardiovascular disease and will remain a priority for the American Heart Association.
Orchestration of lymphocyte chemotaxis by mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Silvia Campello, Rosa Ana Lacalle, Monica Bettella, Santos Mañes, Luca Scorrano, Antonella Viola
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Lymphocyte traffic is required to maintain homeostasis and perform appropriate immunological reactions. To migrate into inflamed tissues, lymphocytes must acquire spatial and functional asymmetries. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that distribute in the cytoplasm to meet specific cellular needs, but whether this is essential to lymphocyte functions is unknown. We show that mitochondria specifically concentrate at the uropod during lymphocyte migration by a process involving rearrangements of their shape. Mitochondrial fission facilitates relocation of the organelles and promotes lymphocyte chemotaxis, whereas mitochondrial fusion inhibits both processes. Our data substantiate a new role for mitochondrial dynamics and suggest that mitochondria redistribution is required to regulate the motor of migrating cells.
Infliximab in extrapulmonary sarcoidosis: tantalising but inconclusive
Authors: A. U. Wells
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Recently, association of a <i>TOR1A(DYT1)/TOR1B</i> risk haplotype with common forms of idiopathic dystonia has been reported in the Icelandic population. Here we report a strong association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms within or in close proximity to the <i>TOR1A</i> 3′UTR, with the lowest <i>p</i> value being 0.000008, in a larger cohort of German and Austrian patients with predominantly focal sporadic dystonia.
Pulmonary Phycomycosis Without Obvious Predisposing Factors
Authors: N. Burgess Record
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE PHYCOMYCETES (<i>Mucor, Absidia</i>, and<i>Rhizopus</i>) are common saprophytes. Infection with these fungi occurs primarily in patients with severe underlying illness, especially leukemia, lymphoma, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.<sup>1</sup>Our case is note-worthy because<i>Rhizopus</i>pneumonia occurred without obvious predisposing factors. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 66-year-old man was hospitalized because of cavitary pneumonia. Two months previously, bilateral knee surgery was performed, with cephalothin sodium prophylaxis. Two weeks before admission, fever, chills, pleurisy, and cough with yellow, blood-tinged sputum developed. One week before admission, a chest x-ray film disclosed left lower lobe infiltrate, and penicillin V potassium was given orally. Despite clearing of the initial infiltrate, symptoms worsened, and the chest x-ray film showed a new, left upper lobe infiltrate with central cavitation (Figure). Results of a physical examination on admission were unremarkable except for bibasilar and left axillary rales, decreased knee mobility, and moderate dyspnea. Multichannel (SMA-12) chemistry profiles
Real-World Performance of HER2 Testing--National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Experience
Authors: S. Paik, J. Bryant, E. Tan-Chiu, E. Romond, W. Hiller, K. Park, A. Brown, G. Yothers, S. Anderson, R. Smith, D. L. Wickerham, N. Wolmark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) provides clinical benefits for patients diagnosed with advanced breast cancers that have overexpressed the HER2 protein or have amplified the HER2 gene. The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol B-31 is designed to test the advantage of adding Herceptin to the adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimen of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel (Taxol) in the treatment of stage II breast cancer with HER2 overexpression or gene amplification. Eligibility is based on HER2 assay results submitted by the accruing institutions. We conducted a central review of the first 104 cases entered in this trial on the basis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) results. We found that 18% of the community-based assays, which were used to establish the eligibility of patients to participate in the B-31 study, could not be confirmed by HercepTestTM IHC or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by a central testing facility. This report provides a snapshot of the quality of HER2 assays performed in laboratories nationwide.
Annual Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Patients With Alcoholic Cirrhosis and Identification of Risk Groups
Authors: Alejo Mancebo, M. Luisa González–Diéguez, Valle Cadahía, María Varela, Ramón Pérez, Carmen A. Navascués, Nieves G. Sotorríos, Maribel Martínez, Luis Rodrigo, Manuel Rodríguez
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Spontaneous Regression of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia: Effects of Human Papillomavirus Type and HLA Phenotype
Authors: Cornelia L. Trimble, Steven Piantadosi, Patti Gravitt, Brigitte Ronnett, Ellen Pizer, Andrea Elko, Barbara Wilgus, William Yutzy, Richard Daniel, Keerti Shah, Shiwen Peng, Chienfu Hung, Richard Roden, Tzyy Choou Wu, Drew Pardoll
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) plays a central etiologic role in the development of squamous carcinomas of the cervix and their precursor lesions, cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN). We carried out a prospective observational cohort study evaluating known, quantifiable prognostic variables of clinical behavior in women with high-grade cervical lesions. Experimental Design: Our study cohort included healthy women with high-grade cervical lesions (CIN2/3) with residual visible lesions after colposcopically directed biopsy. We prospectively followed 100 women over 15 weeks before standard resection. HPV typing was done using PCR and a reverse line blot detection method. Results: The rate of spontaneous histologic regression, defined as (CIN1 or less at resection) was 28%. The overall rate of HPV infection was 100%. HPV16 was identified in 68% of the lesions. Women with HPV16 only were significantly less likely to regress, compared with women with HPV types other than HPV16 (odds ratio, 0.342; 95% confidence interval, 0.117-0.997; P = 0.049). In the cohort with HPV16 only, patients who had an HLA*A201 allele had similar outcomes to those who did not carry A201. However, among patients with HPV types other than HPV16, the HLA*A201 allele interaction was significant; patients with HLA*A201 were the least likely to resolve. Conclusions: CIN2/3 lesions associated with HPV16 alone are significantly less likely to resolve spontaneously than those caused by other types. Interactions among HPV type, HLA type, and regression rate support a role for HLA-restricted HPV-specific immune responses in determining disease outcome.
Hemodynamic Instability in Sepsis
Authors: Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Sebastien Prin, Karim Chergui, Olivier Dubourg, François Jardin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Septic shock is associated with important hemodynamic alterations, including absolute or relative decrease in central blood volume (1), systolic alterations of left ventricular (LV) (2, 3) and right ventricular (RV) (4) function, and severe peripheral vasodilatation responsible in part for alterations in regional blood flow distribution and probably linked to outcome (5). Hemodynamic treatment of septic shock requires blood volume expansion, which has proved to enhance survival if not delayed (6), and vasoactive support with catecholamines, according to the hemodynamic status (7). For a long time, assessment of hemodynamic instability in sepsis was based on right heart catheterization at the bedside. Recently, the Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine reiterated the usefulness of right heart catheterization in guiding hemodynamic support in patients requiring more than an initial blood volume expansion (7). Concerns about the data obtained by this technique, and their interpretation in a mechanically ventilated patient, are not new (8). Moreover, this technique has been criticized for its invasiveness and associated specific complications (9). However, large cooperative clinical trials have not demonstrated an increase in mortality carried by right heart catheterization (10, 11). We abandoned right heart catheterization in our unit in 1990 and have replaced it by routine echocardiography. Since then, all patients hospitalized with septic shock have been monitored using echocardiography as a noninvasive bedside procedure. In our daily practice, echocardiography is performed after physical examination in all hemodynamically unstable patients and repeated immediately after each major hemodynamic intervention. For this purpose, the frozen multiplane probe can be kept in the esophagus for the time needed to assess the results of a major hemodynamic intervention (10–20 minutes). This strategy is original, few French teams use it, and no trial has demonstrated the usefulness of echocardiography in severe sepsis. But the quality of the data obtained and the growing demand for training from intensivists have convinced us that this procedure will be widely used in the future. Data from echocardiographic evaluation of a series of 183 patients have been published, emphasizing that a large spectrum of changes in ventricular systolic function can be observed in
Overexpression of Urokinase by Plaque Macrophages Causes Histological Features of Plaque Rupture and Increases Vascular Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Aged Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice
Authors: Jie Hong Hu, Liang Du, Talyn Chu, Goro Otsuka, Nagadhara Dronadula, Mia Jaffe, Sean E. Gill, William C. Parks, David A. Dichek
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque rupture are poorly understood. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is expressed at elevated levels by macrophages in advanced human plaques. Patients with evidence of increased plasminogen activation have an elevated risk of major cardiovascular events. We used atherosclerotic mice to test the hypothesis that increased macrophage uPA expression in advanced plaques would cause histological features similar to those in ruptured human plaques.Bone marrow from transgenic mice with increased macrophage uPA expression or nontransgenic controls (all apolipoprotein E-null [Apoe(-/-)]) was transplanted into 35-week-old Apoe(-/-) recipients, and innominate lesions and aortas were examined 8 to 13 weeks later. Donor macrophages accumulated in innominate lesions adjacent to plaque caps and in aortas, increasing uPA expression at both sites. Recipients of uPA-overexpressing macrophages had an increased prevalence of intraplaque hemorrhage (61% versus 13%; P=0.002) as well as increased lesion fibrin staining and fibrous cap disruption (P=0.06 for both). Transplantation of uPA-overexpressing macrophages increased aortic matrix metalloproteinase activity (40%; P=0.02). This increase was independent of matrix metalloproteinase-9.In advanced plaques of Apoe(-/-) mice, macrophage uPA overexpression causes intraplaque hemorrhage and fibrous cap disruption, features associated with human plaque rupture. uPA overexpression also increases vascular matrix metalloproteinase activity. These data provide a mechanism that connects macrophage uPA expression, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and plaque rupture features in mice. The data also suggest that elevated plaque plasminogen activator expression and plasminogen activation in humans may be causally linked to plaque rupture and cardiovascular events.
Endothelial Function in Healthy 11-Year-Old Children After Dietary Intervention With Onset in Infancy
Authors: Olli T. Raitakari, Tapani Rönnemaa, Mikko J. Järvisalo, Tuuli Kaitosaari, Iina Volanen, Katariina Kallio, Hanna Lagström, Eero Jokinen, Harri Niinikoski, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Olli Simell
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Early childhood introduction of nutritional habits aimed at atherosclerosis prevention reduces children’s serum total cholesterol concentration, but its effect on vascular endothelial function is unknown. Methods and Results— Between 1990 and 1992, we randomized healthy 7-month-old infants (n=1062) to intervention (low-saturated-fat diet) and control (unrestricted diet) groups. At the age of 11 years, endothelium-dependent (flow-mediated) and endothelium-independent (nitrate-mediated) vasodilatory responses of the brachial artery were measured with high-resolution ultrasound in 179 intervention and 190 control children. The effect of intervention on endothelial function was significant in boys ( P =0.0034) but not in girls ( P =0.69). The maximum endothelium-dependent dilation response (mean±SD) was 9.62±3.53% and 8.36±3.85% in intervention boys and control boys and 8.84±4.00% and 8.44±3.60% in intervention girls and control girls, respectively. Intervention had no effect on nitrate-mediated dilation. The difference in endothelial function in boys remained significant after adjustment for current serum total or LDL cholesterol but became nonsignificant after adjustment for mean cholesterol measured under 3 years of age (adjusted means: 9.46% [CI 8.68% to 10.24%] versus 8.54% [CI 7.75% to 9.32%], P =0.11). Conclusions— A low-saturated-fat diet introduced in infancy and maintained during the first decade of life is associated with enhanced endothelial function in boys. The effect is explained in part by the diet-induced reduction in serum cholesterol concentration.