tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Judith E. Tintinalli
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The evaluation of emergency medicine textbooks is difficult because the depth and breadth of material that needs to be addressed is so extensive. However,<i>Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Review</i>does include all important emergency medicine topics, some in considerable and scholarly depth. Part I is devoted to the organizational aspects of the specialty and to multiorgan disease. Sections are provided on emergency medical services, shock and trauma, metabolic and endocrine emergencies, general emergencies, pediatrics, environment, psychiatry, and behavioral emergencies. The section on general emergencies includes topics that would not fit into separate sections: gastrointestinal tract, burns, infectious disease, dermatology, and poisoning and overdose. Part II is divided into sections by organ system: CNS, cardiovascular, pulmonary, genitourinary and gynecologic, and head and neck. Appendix I is a procedure atlas and appendix II is a drug index. The style of the text is readable and explicit. Every section has material that will
Angiographic findings 1 month after myocardial infarction: a prospective study of 259 survivors.
Authors: A Betriu, A Castañer, G A Sanz, J C Pare, E Roig, S Coll, J Magriña, F Navarro-Lopez
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Coronary anatomy as it relates to left ventricular function was assessed prospectively in patients who survived acute myocardial infarction. The study population included 259 consecutive male patients age 60 years or younger who underwent catheterization 30 days after the acute event. Coronary artery obstructive lesions (greater than 50% reduction in luminal diameter) were found in 241 patients (93%), 118 (45%) of whom had total and 76 (29%) subtotal (greater than 90%) stenosis) occlusion of at least one coronary artery. Normal coronary vessels were seen in eight patients (3%) and nonobstructive lesions in 10 (4%). One-, two- and three-vessel disease were present in 89, 86 and 66 patients, respectively. Patients with normal coronary arteries or nonobstructive lesions had higher ejection fractions than those with obstructive lesions in one, two or three vessels (p less than 0.05). Ejection fraction was lower (p less than .001) and the percentage of akinetic segments higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with total or subtotal lesions and no collaterals. Adequate collaterals, seen in 29 patients (11%), significantly improved regional wall motion (p less than 0.05) and decreased the percentage of akinetic segments (p less than 0.001). Thus, in a substantial number of patients (32% in our series), the infarcted area is spontaneously reperfused by collaterals or through the involved artery. Both mechanisms ameliorate wall motion in corresponding areas.
Abstract 4536: Identification of new prognostic biomarker of gastric cancer by systems analysis
Authors: So-Young Seol, Jae Yun Lim, Sun Och Yoon, Soon Won Hong, Jong Won Kim, Seung Ho Choi, Jae Yong Cho
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gastric cancer is one of the most common and cancer-related deaths worldwide and accounts for an estimated 800,000 deaths annually. Prognosis depends on the stage of disease. Even though within same stage, gastric cancer patients present diverse clinical manifestations and prognosis. To differentiate the malignant potential appropriately, many efforts have been made to select prognostic markers. Molecular markers will be important in predicting patients’ outcomes and personalized treatments according to individual biology. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profile of human gastric cancer (published on CCR) to identify potential biomarkers which could be used to classify patients according to prognosis and also become new therapeutic targets. We found that TXN family genes and ERO1L were significantly overexpressed and related to prognosis. qRT-PCR and tissue microarray validated TXN overexpression and ERO1L have poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Finally, systems analysis revealed TXN family genes are highly correlated with many oncogene and tumor suppressor functional genes and shown relationship on energy and protein synthesis. Survival analysis based on Hierarchical-clustering of TXN family correlated mRNA expression genes revealed that TXN and TXNIP are significantly influenced the patient survival. We evaluated ERO1L and find out also significantly overexpressed in gastric tumor and suggest TXN family members are actively involved in gastric cancer. In vitro hypoxic experiment ERO1L was very highly expressed in hypoxic condition and this also supports TXN high expressed cancer cells are in hypoxic condition. In conclusion, our findings show that a prognostic molecular signature that can predict the poor progression of gastric cancer tumors. Furthermore, unequal distribution of expression patterns reflecting activation of TXN family and ERO1L with different survival rates supports a personalized target therapy in gastric cancer with biomarker gene signature driven patient selection. While further work is needed to elucidate the biological contributions of these markers, the results presented here provide a basis for future investigations of the functional and clinical effect of new target genes in gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4536. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4536
Mechanisms of Bone Marrow−Derived Cell Therapy in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy With Left Ventricular Assist Device Bridge to Transplant
Authors: April Stempien-Otero, Deri Helterline, Tabitha Plummer, Stephen Farris, Andrew Prouse, Nayak Polissar, Derek Stanford, Nahush A. Mokadam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
UK government makes it easier for health professionals to do voluntary work abroad
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The UK government last week published its formal response to Nigel Crisp’s report on global health partnerships, which recommended improving coordination between medical professionals in the United Kingdom and poor countries and making access easier ( BMJ 2007;334:329; doi: 10.1136/bmj.39126.379479.DB).

Many of Lord Crisp’s suggestions have been taken on board, with new money set aside to help with health links and a £13m (€17m; $26m) fund to compensate public health workers who lose pension contributions when doing voluntary work abroad.

The public health minister, Dawn Primarolo, said, “Our health service workers who volunteer can really make a difference in developing countries. And there are huge …
Isoniazid in the Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Katharine H. K. Hsu
Journal: JAMA (1974)

From 1953 to 1973, a series of 2,593 children with high-risk backgrounds completed a course of prescribed treatment for tuberculosis at the Children's Tuberculosis Clinic, Houston. Of 1,881 children with subclinical infection given isoniazid chemoprophylaxis, only six developed pulmonary tuberculosis, a morbidity of 3.2/1,000. There were 712 children with active tuberculosis at the initial clinic visit. Chemotherapy with drug regimens containing isoniazid successfully brought the disease to inactive status and also prevented the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and adolescent reactivation. The results of the Houston study are contrasted with those of two pediatric studies reported immediately before the advent of isoniazid in 1951. (<i>JAMA</i>229:528-533, 1974)
Hepatitis and Blood Transfusion
Authors: Frances K. Widmann
Journal: JAMA (1973)

These proceedings of a symposium held at the University of California, San Francisco, are unusual in two respects: only five months elapsed between presentation and publication, and the published volume is really worthwhile. The well-planned program managed to avoid repetition without stifling controversy in the broad fields of hepatitis B, its epidemiology, its antigens (for which the preferred designation is HB Ag, not Australia antigen or hepatitis-associated antigen), its antibodies, and the viruses involved. Rapid publication seems to have precluded an index, and required a typewritten format, but in such a rapidly changing area, these shortcuts are surely justified.  Not surprisingly, the papers raise more questions than they answer. Those responsible for the work give state-of-the-art reports on the immunologic, physicochemical, and ultrastructural features of HB Ag, and the section on candidate viruses is suitably speculative. Fairly general agreement exists on the clinical, histologic, and certain epidemiologic features of the
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection of natural killer (NK) cells and hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: A different facet of X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder (XLP)?
Authors: T.G. McCormick, S. Gottschalk, T. Okamura, M. Gresik, M. Dishop, S. Pacheco
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
William "Ainslie" Anderson
Authors: K. Munson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

William “Ainslie” Anderson was born into a surgical family in Aberdeen and educated locally. He entered into medical school aged 17 and qualified at 22. After his National Service he started postgraduate training in paediatric and general surgery in Aberdeen, which also included a year as a general practitioner in the Outer Hebrides; a further year studying pathology in Edinburgh; and a research fellowship in Denver, Colorado, working on cardiac valve implantation techniques.

He met his future wife Eileen, an anaesthetic registrar, in Aberdeen. The couple were married in 1956 and had three children, …
Dentine Lead Levels in Asymptomatic Philadelphia School Children: Subclinical Exposure in High and Low Risk Groups
Authors: Herbert L. Needleman, Irving M. Shapiro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Dentine lead levels were measured in 760 asymptomatic school children from two school districts, one considered high risk for lead exposure, one considered low risk. Elevated levels were found in black children living in deteriorated housing and in those white children from housing in good repair who lived and attended school in proximity to major manufacturer of paint and lead products.
WHAT THE DOCTOR SHOULD KNOW, AND WHAT THE SPECTACLE PEDDLER, DRUGGIST, JEWELER AND OPTICIAN SHOULD NOT DO, ABOUT AFFECTIONS OF THE EYE.Read to the Bond County, (Ill.) Medical Society, Sept. 6, 1894.
Authors: A. C. CORR
Journal: JAMA (1894)

I take the theme of what the doctor should know about diseases and affections of the eye, because it is one that I think should be better elucidated and more clearly defined in our minds, and more especially as it has been discussed more or less of late in the<i>National Medical Journal</i>by two eminent gentlemen, somewhat to the disparagement of the general practitioner. The two gentlemen who have so discussed the subject—the one, Dr. W. A. Fisher, of Chicago; the other Dr. F. T. Smith, of Chattanooga, Tenn., have agreed—the one that the general practitioner should not attempt to use the ophthalmoseope, and the other that he should not attempt to "fit glasses," and that his conduct shall be reprehensible if he does not readily diagnose glaucoma and cataract, nervous atrophy and the general ophthalmia, inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea—then they both forget their prey, the general
Sharing H5N1 Viruses to Stop a Global Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Laurie Garrett, David P Fidler
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Although the threat of pandemic influenza, spawned by continuing avian influenza A (H5N1) epidemics, has dropped off the front pages, concern among experts continues to grow. At the end of 2005, only 17 countries had H5N1 outbreaks in chickens, ducks, or humans [1]. As of September 2007, the virus has circulated in 60 countries [1], mutations have been reported (for example, in a patient in Turkey [2] and another in Thailand [3]), and virologists and public health officials nervously watch clusters of probable human-to-human spread of the virus, such as in Thailand in 2004 and Indonesia in 2006 [4]. For reasons not fully understood, most human cases and clusters of probable human-to-human transmission of H5N1 since January 2006 have occurred in Indonesia [5,6].

Recent studies have begun to characterize the mutations in H5N1 that may be a prerequisite for efficient human-to-human transmission [7,8]. The world needs to monitor each new influenza virus in order to check for such mutations, which could transform H5N1 into a dangerous pathogen easily spread between people. How devastating might such a transformation be? In an age of globalization and commercial air travel, estimating how great a toll a lethal human-to-human influenza virus could inflict is difficult. Estimates of deaths from the last great bird-to-human flu pandemic of 1918 range from 50 to 100 million [9], which provides a glimpse of the global damage that could be caused by a pandemic influenza accelerated by 21st century globalization.
Regulation of taurine transport by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin and guanylin in human intestinal cell lines.
Authors: M Brandsch, S Ramamoorthy, N Marczin, J D Catravas, J W Leibach, V Ganapathy, F H Leibach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The human colon carcinoma cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29 take up taurine actively. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) or with guanylin inhibited taurine uptake by approximately 40%. In contrast, neither STa nor guanylin changed the uptake of taurine in HT-29 cells. The inhibition in Caco-2 cells was associated with a decrease in the maximal velocity as well as in the affinity of the transporter. STa caused a 21-fold increase in guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels in Caco-2 cells with no change in cAMP levels. Neither cGMP nor cAMP levels were affected by STa treatment in HT-29 cells. Experiments with protein kinase inhibitors suggested that protein kinase A may mediate the observed effects of STa on taurine uptake. In accordance with this suggestion, treatment of Caco-2 cells with cholera toxin, which elevated intracellular cAMP levels, was found to inhibit taurine uptake. The steady state levels of the taurine transporter mRNA transcripts were not altered as a result of STa treatment. Studies with Caco-2 cells grown on permeable filters revealed that STa acts from the apical side. The taurine uptake from the apical side was inhibited by STa, but the taurine uptake from the basolateral side remained unaffected. It is suggested that the activity of the intestinal taurine transporter may be regulated by protein kinase A at a posttranslational level and that the intestinal absorption of taurine may be impaired during infection with enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli.
On Valerianic Ether
Authors: W. F. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1874)

communication by which the specific poison is supposed to spread.Dr. Murray suggests that my remarks to the effect that I know of no case in which the poison supposed to be contained in cholera evacuations has spread by means of water in India, apply only to the experience of 1872 ; but I apply it in its widest sense, and I assert that in India, even in those parts of it in which cholera has its home, there is absolutely no evidence of anything of the kind; and I would ask Dr. Murray, and all others who believe in this theory, to adduce one single instance, that it may be thoroughly sifted.I could dwell much longer on these matters, and I should like to discuss others; but I shall not detain you longer.In conclusion, I would only remark that I object to the current theories of the day in regard to cholera-i.Because they are founded on altogether insuf- ficient bases to warrant their acceptance as scientific truths ; 2. Because the quarantine and other restrictive measures to which they lead are impracticable; 3. Because, so long as mankind believe in such theories, they will never wake up to a proper sense of the great importance of the real work which has to be done-the improvement of the conditions under which they live; and 4. Because the prohibitions which flow from such theories are so vexatious, that the people are set against
Ghrelin in the heart and growth hormone: which is chicken, which is egg?
Authors: F PECKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

In their study published in this issue, Iglesias et al. give the first evidence that ghrelin is synthesized and secreted by cardiomyocytes. Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide containing an n -octanoyl modification at serine 3. It acts on the pituitary and hypothalamus to stimulate growth hormone (GH) release, food intake, and adiposity. It has been newly identified as the endogenous ligand of the orphan GH secretagogues (GHS) receptor, GHSR-1a, that is mostly expressed in pituitary and hypothalamus. Acylation of ghrelin is required for activation of GHSR-1a, whereas des-acyl ghrelin, which is far more abundant than ghrelin, does not bind GHSR-1a and is devoid of any endocrine activity [1,2].

GH and its mediator, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, are anabolic hormones that are essential for myocardial development and performance. Receptors for both GH and IGF-1 are expressed by cardiac myocytes; therefore, GH may act directly on the heart or via the induction of local or systemic IGF-1, whereas IGF-1 may act by endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine mechanisms [3]. Studies on animal models of pressure and volume overload report up-regulation of cardiac IGF-1 production and expression of GH and IGF-1 receptors, implying that the local regulation of these factors is influenced by haemodynamic changes. Other studies further show that GH administration improves cardiac performance in experimental heart failure [3]. However, the overall clinical benefits of GH therapy for patients with chronic heart failure have been disappointing [4]. This led to propose GHS … 

*Tel.: +33-149-813534; fax: +33-148-980908. Email address: pecker{at}im3.inserm.fr
MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE
Authors: T. A. J. DAWSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE Get access T. A. J. DAWSON T. A. J. DAWSON Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 11, 1 November 1969, Pages 827–828, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15951.x Published: 01 November 1969 Article history Accepted: 09 May 1969 Published: 01 November 1969
Patterns of Persistent Viral Infections
Authors: Anne M. Haywood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

This article is intended to provide an overview of the patterns of persistent viral infections1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 so that physicians will be aware of what kinds of information gathered in the routine care of patients may later allow the piecing together of epidemiologic clues that would indicate an association between a virus and a disease.The recognition that viral infections can produce disease long after the initial exposure emerged from the study of diseases resulting from the importation of rams infected with scrapie, visna, and maedi into Iceland in 1933.10 In the 1950s, Sigurdsson gave the name "slow virus infections" to such . . .
Saccharin and Bladder Cancer-Reply
Authors: Irving I. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1979)

It is unlikely that many readers ofThe Journalhave been misled by  last sentence of our abstract, if only because  risk estimates are presented in  text of our article. In any event, Professor Gryder also seems to acknowledge that quantitative estimates of  magnitude of an increased risk are, of course, for ideal situations that can be approximated only in a real experiment. The concerned physician or lay person may well ponder which is  more relevant: idealized  estimates of cancer risk or etiologic inferences based on biologic reasoning—a knowledge of  cancer process and statistical analysis?  We agree with Gryder that the animal-feeding experiments cannot be ignored. However,  three cited animal studies pose serious inferential problems to  cancer experimentalist.1For example,  Canadian rat study was designed to assess  carcinogenicity of orthotoluene-sulfonamide rather than saccharin; accordingly, only one
Diaphragm pacing in ventilatory failure.
Authors: S Lozewicz, D R Potter, J F Costello, J B Moyle, J J Maccabe
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Diaphragm pacing, which entails electrical stimulation to the phrenic nerve, is an effective means of managing patients with ventilatory insufficiency and intact lowermotor-neurone innervation of the diaphragm. The pacing apparatus is used to pace the right and left hemidiaphragms alternately to avoid fatigue, which may damage the muscle irreversibly. Among the important benefits of pacing in quadriplegics with paralysis or respiratory muscles are the social and psychological advantages of not being dependent on a mechanical ventilator.
Studies on Urinary Indoles in Mental Patients
Authors: Albert R. Krall
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE HYPOTHESIS that schizophrenia may result from or be accompanied by a biochemical defect leading to production of abnormal indoles or abnormal amounts of normal indoles has been advanced and tested experimentally many times and has led to widely differing conclusions. Several recent reports have shown the presence of higher than usual amounts of specific indoles in the urine of schizophrenic subjects. This paper summarizes the results of a large-scale chromatographic study of the urinary levels of 6-hydroxyskatole sulfate (6-HSK) and indole-3-acetamide (IAM) in normal subjects compared with schizophrenic, manic-depressive, and senile psychotic subjects. The graphic summary of the data presented here shows no significant differences in rate of excretion of these indoles between any of the four groups of subjects. Sprince<sup>1,2</sup>has presented two thorough reviews of the possible relationship between indoles and mental disease. Sprince et al<sup>3</sup>have presented evidence that 6-HSK can be isolated from
Prostaglandins E<sub>2</sub>and F<sub>2 α</sub>Reduce Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Normal and Asthmatic Subjects Irrespective of Airway Caliber Changes
Authors: SERGEI A. KHARITONOV, MARIA A. SAPIENZA, PETER J. BARNES, K. FAN CHUNG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Cyclooxygenase products modulate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in certain cell types. We determined the effect of prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2alpha on exhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentrations measured by chemiluminescence. Inhaled PGE2 and PGF2alpha significantly reduced exhaled NO. After the highest dose of PGE2 (100 micrograms), NO concentrations fell from 6.9 +/- 0.5 ppb to 4.0 +/- 0.8 ppb (p < 0.001), and from 22.9 +/- 2.0 ppb to 12.3 +/- 1. 2 ppb (p < 0.001), whereas after PGF2alpha, it fell from 6.5 +/- 0.6 ppb to 3.0 +/- 0.5 ppb (p < 0.001), and from 26.0 +/- 3.4 ppb to 11. 5 +/- 1.4 ppb (p < 0.001) in normal (n = 7) and asthmatic (n = 8) subjects, respectively. Although the prostaglandins did not change FEV1 in normal subjects, PGE2 caused an increase in asthmatics (from 3.6 +/- 0.3 L to 3.8 +/- 0.4 L, p < 0.05) and PGF2alpha caused a transient reduction in FEV1 from 4.0 +/- 0.2 L to 3.5 +/- 0.2 L (p < 0.05). To further determine the relationship between bronchoconstriction and exhaled NO levels, we examined the effect of inhaled methacholine which did not change exhaled NO concentrations in normal and asthmatic subjects despite a greater than 20% fall in FEV1 in asthmatics. Therefore, PGE2 and PGF2alpha reduce exhaled NO, an effect not related to airway caliber changes but which may result from an inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), particularly inducible NOS (iNOS).