tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interactions of chrysotile and benzopyrene in a human cell culture systems.
Authors: R E Stephens, L B Joseph, F B Daniel, K M Schenck, H A Newman, P D Lipetz, J R Millette
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The risk of lung cancer related to asbestos exposure has been shown to increase disproportionately by cigarette smoking, suggesting a synergistic effect. Differing lengths of NIEHS chrysotile with benzopyrene [B(a)P, B(e)P] (organic by-products of combustion) were applied on normal human fibroblasts (cell line CI) to test for cytotoxicity (survival determined by colony-forming efficiency), binding of benzopyrene to DNA, and the production of benzopyrene metabolites. At concentrations of 100 micrograms/mL, NIEHS short chrysotile was more cytotoxic than NIEHS intermediate chrysotile (3% and 17% survival, respectively); B(a)P and B(e)P concentrations up to and including 10 microM were not cytotoxic. Simultaneous application of NIEHS short chrysotile with B(a)P or B(e)P did not decrease survival synergistically. On the contrary, application of B(a)P simultaneously with NIEHS intermediate chrysotile resulted in increased survival over that of intermediate chrysotile alone (25% and 17% survival, respectively). There were low levels of B(a)P bound to DNA in the presence of NIEHS short chrysotile or NIEHS intermediate chrysotile. Measurable levels of B(a)P-DNA adducts were formed both in the absence and in the presence of each size of NIEHS chrysotile. However, there was no strong indication of a perturbation of the level of DNA-B(a)P binding following simultaneous administration of increasing levels of asbestos in addition to 1 microM hydrocarbon. The asbestos had no demonstrable influence on the level of B(a)P metabolism during the 24-hr period following simultaneous exposure of asbestos and hyrdocarbons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Therapeutic strategies for hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Mario Chojkier, David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The mechanisms responsible for the increased hepatic connective tissue deposition in cirrhosis remain unknown; and there is no established therapy for hepatic fibrosis.In this issue of Hepatology, Ruwart et al. (1) report that 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPG) inhibits hepatic collagen deposition, and, therefore, potentially will be effective in the treatment of cirrhosis.This editorial will first review the assembly of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the metabolism of collagens, the most abundant proteins in the ECM.Using this knowledge of connective tissue proteins as a framework, strategies for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis will be discussed.Fibrogenesis plays an important role in the accumulation of hepatic connective tissue (2-4).In cirrhotic livers, whatever the etiology, fibrogenesis results in a several-fold increase in collagen content (2).Collagen types present in normal livers (I, 111, IV, V and VI) increase together in hepatic fibrogenesis (2, 4, 5), suggesting a coordinated regulation of collagen gene expression.Types I and I11 are interstitial collagens which contribute about one-third each to the total hepatic collagen content.Type I corresponds to large collagen fibrills, while Type I11 forms fine fibrils.Basement membrane Type IV collagen is localized in the space of Disse and constitutes about 10% of the hepatic collagen.Type V is a pericellular collagen which contributes about 10% of the hepatic collagen.Collagen Type VI was recently detected in hepatic tissue of normal and CC1,-treated rats (Martinez-Hernandez, A. personal communication); its abundance and function are unknown.Although increased production of collagen is indispen-Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatic Fibrosis 176
958-92 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Zatebradine and Diltiazem SR in Chronic Stable Angina: Efficacy and Safety
Authors: David Waters, Michael Baird, Claude Maranda, Yves Lacoursiere, Don Hilton, Robin Kuritzky, John Parker, Jose Lopez, Rod Butt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Problem Management in Endocrine Surgery
Authors: Edward L. Felix
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<i>Problem Management in Endocrine Surgery</i>is a small book written by Glenn Geelhoed, from George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC. It deals with a series of problems that have recently been grouped together under the heading of surgical endocrinology. This is a new, rather rapidly expanding discipline that involves the study of neuroendocrine control systems of the body and its imbalances. Treatment in this discipline is guided toward restoring patients to the normal balance of physiological autoregulation, as well as curing them of endocrinologic excess. Unlike other surgical fields, in this discipline patients are rarely initially seen with a chief complaint of a mass or tumor, but rather with a set of symptoms that will lead the physician to search for the hidden endocrine tumor. Only for thyroid gland will the patient notice the abnormal growth, or, in a few patients who are asymptomatic, the tumor will be discovered
Arteriosclerotic Occlusion of Cerebral Arteries: Mechanism and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: WALTER L. BRUETSCH
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The brains of 20 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis have been studied with regard to the exact mechanism of occlusion of the arteries in encephalomalacia. The histologic material has convinced the author that the concept of "cerebral thrombosis" in its present wide application is erroneous; there is arterial occlusion but the mechanisms of its production, which are discussed, are not the usually accepted ones.
Medical Malpractice and the American Jury: Confronting the Myths About Jury Incompetence, Deep Pockets, and Outrageous Damage Awards
Authors: Frank T. Flannery
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Tort reformers have often portrayed juries in medical malpractice cases as overly generous and irresponsible. Some commentators have advanced the notion that juries, guided by sympathy, are prone to ignore the facts in unfairly favoring injured plaintiffs. According to this argument, unconscionable jury awards can involve huge monetary amounts to compensate for questionable damages and nebulous pain and suffering. In many ways, the jury has become the scapegoat of the entire malpractice controversy. According to Neil Vidmar, a professor of social science and law at Duke University Law School, this jury caricature has been created in the absence of solid information. This factual vacuum itself promotes exaggeration and fosters stereotypes and anecdotes regarding jury performance. In<i>Medical Malpractice and the American Jury</i>, the author successfully counters this portrayal with a well-reasoned, painstaking analysis of jury verdicts and damage awards. He has examined the results of recent day-to-day litigation in
Pathophysiology of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate and thallium-201 scintigraphy of acute anterior myocardial infarcts in dogs.
Authors: L M Buja, R W Parkey, E M Stokely, F J Bonte, J T Willerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

In 17 dogs with acute myocardial infarcts produced by ligation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, a comparative study was made of myocardial scintigrams obtained with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) and thallium-201 (201T1), tissue levels of 99mTc-PYP and 201T1 uptake, histopathologic alterations, and regional myocardial perfusion measured with radioactive microspheres. 9 of the 10 hearts examined histologically had transmural infarcts with outer peripheral, inner peripheral, and central zones characterized by distinctive histopathologic features. A progressive reduction in myocardial blood flow was demonstrated between normal myocardium and the centers of the infarcts, and correlated well with progressive reduction in 201T1 upatke in the same regions. Marked 99mTc-PYP concentration occurred in areas with partial to homogeneous myocardial necrosis and residual perfusion located in the outer peripheral regions of the infarcts. The latter areas also were characterized by the presence of muscle cell calcification. The patterns of distribution of 99mTc-PYP and 201T1 explained the filling defects on 201T1 myocardial scintigrams and the doughnut patterns on 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams in dogs with transmural infarcts. One dog with a subendocardial infarct had a small homogeneous area of activity on the 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigram, and showed marked uptake of 99mTc-PYP in subendocardial areas of extensive necrosis and calcification still receiving some coronary perfusion. Thus, the data indicate that the status of regional myocardial perfusion is a key determinant for the occurrence of distinctive patterns of myocardial necrosis and for the scintigraphic detection of acute myocardial infarcts with 99mTc-PYP and 201T1.
Registration of Foreign Physicians
Authors: James A. Honeij
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I wish to express my approval of the letter on this subject inThe Journal, August 6. I am a graduate of a medical school in Boston, but a South African by birth and held citizenship rights there before the war with England. Since my graduation here I endeavored to obtain the right of practicing in my own home, which has been denied me because of the laws existing in all British colonies. I have been given the privilege of taking an English degree, should I choose any of the colleges quoted by the council in London. As a means of obtaining this right, it was suggested that I go to Halifax (Nova Scotia) Medical College, where it would be easier to obtain a degree. This particular college has not received the approval of the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association or of the Carnegie Foundation. Nevertheless I was advised to go
Absorption and Elimination of 15N After Administration of Isotopically Labelled Yeast Protein and Yeast Protein Hydrolysate to Adult Patients with Coeliac Disease
Authors: C. W. Crane, A. Neuberger
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Coeliac disease in the adult (idiopathic steatorrhoea: non-tropical sprue) characterized by persistent ill-health, diarrhoea with bulky fatty stools, loss of weight, fatigue, anaemia, and, on occasion, vitamin deficiencies and disturbances of calcium metabolism, is generally regarded as one of the forms of the " malabsorption syndrome."In the cnronic untreated patient severe malnutrition may eventually result, with pronounced loss of weight up to
Hemophagocytic syndrome: A cause of pancytopenia in human ehrlichiosis
Authors: Kevin C. Abbott, Svetislava J. Vukelja, Craig E. Smith, C. Kenneth McAllister, Keith A. Konkol, Timothy J. O'rourke, Cynthia J. Holland, Miodrag Ristic
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract A 67‐year‐old white man with human ehrlichiosis infection complicated by pancytopenia, hemophagocytic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and septic shock is presented. The patient had been on a three‐week camping trip to California, Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. The diagnosis of human ehrlichiosis was confirmed by sixteenfold rise in antibody titer to Ehrlicha canis , and supported by the characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions. Human ehrlichiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with fever and cytopenia associated with hemophagocytosis. Pancytopenia associated with ehrlichiosis is transient; however, it may be severe, and appears to be associated with destruction of normal blood elements.
Laboratory testing--routine or on demand?
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Clinical judgment is highly vulnerable to exposes. It can be exposed as a fraud by an autopsy that refutes the antemortem diagnosis or discloses a missed diagnosis of a potentially curable disease. Less catastrophic, but embarrassing nevertheless, the expose can come during life when laboratory data are similarly in conflict with a clinical assessment.  Elsewhere in this issue (p 571) Deglin and associates report on such an embarrassment. Having determined serum lidocaine concentrations in 84 samples obtained from 33 patients receiving intravenous lidocaine hydrochloride infusions in a coronary care unit, these investigators proceeded to correlate the determined values in each patient with those predicted by his physician. Specifically, the physician was asked whether the serum lidocaine levels would be within, below, or above the therapeutic range and, when the predicted level was above this range, whether it would be in the toxic range. In 49% of these samples, the predictions
Rescue of Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency in Mice by Gene Therapy Using the Human Isoenzyme
Authors: Nestor W Meza, Maria E Alonso-Ferrero, Susana Navarro, Oscar Quintana-Bustamante, Antonio Valeri, Maria Garcia-Gomez, Juan A Bueren, Jose M Bautista, Jose C Segovia
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Human erythrocyte R-type pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a disorder caused by mutations in the PKLR gene that produces chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Besides periodic blood transfusion and splenectomy, severe cases require bone marrow (BM) transplant, which makes this disease a good candidate for gene therapy. Here, the normal human R-type pyruvate kinase (hRPK) complementary (cDNA) was expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from pklr deficient mice, using a retroviral vector system. These mice show a similar red blood cell phenotype to that observed in human PKD. Transduced HSCs were transplanted into myeloablated adult PKD mice or in utero injected into nonconditioned PKD fetuses. In the myeloablated recipients, the hematological manifestations of PKD were completely resolved and normal percentages of late erythroid progenitors, reticulocyte and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte biochemistry were restored. Corrected cells preserved their rescuing capacity after secondary and tertiary transplant. When corrected cells were in utero transplanted, partial correction of the erythrocyte disease was obtained, although a very low number of corrected cells became engrafted, suggesting a different efficiency of cell therapy applied in utero. Our data suggest that transduction of human RPK cDNA in PKLR mutated HSCs could be an effective strategy in severe cases of PKD. Human erythrocyte R-type pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a disorder caused by mutations in the PKLR gene that produces chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Besides periodic blood transfusion and splenectomy, severe cases require bone marrow (BM) transplant, which makes this disease a good candidate for gene therapy. Here, the normal human R-type pyruvate kinase (hRPK) complementary (cDNA) was expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from pklr deficient mice, using a retroviral vector system. These mice show a similar red blood cell phenotype to that observed in human PKD. Transduced HSCs were transplanted into myeloablated adult PKD mice or in utero injected into nonconditioned PKD fetuses. In the myeloablated recipients, the hematological manifestations of PKD were completely resolved and normal percentages of late erythroid progenitors, reticulocyte and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte biochemistry were restored. Corrected cells preserved their rescuing capacity after secondary and tertiary transplant. When corrected cells were in utero transplanted, partial correction of the erythrocyte disease was obtained, although a very low number of corrected cells became engrafted, suggesting a different efficiency of cell therapy applied in utero. Our data suggest that transduction of human RPK cDNA in PKLR mutated HSCs could be an effective strategy in severe cases of PKD.
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex from faeces of patients with AIDS.
Authors: A R Stacey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Thirty faecal specimens from 22 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome were examined by microscopy after Ziehl-Neelsen staining and by culture after decontamination with sodium hydroxide. Thirteen specimens (from 11 patients) were positive for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum on culture, and only five of these on Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Five of the 11 patients had evidence of disseminated infection. Lipid analysis showed six of the nine strains tested to be indistinguishable. These findings support the theory that the gastrointestinal tract is a portal of entry for the organism.
Nonbacterial Suppurative Arthritis as a Complication of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Emanuel Friedman, Emmett L. Kehoe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

AMONG the complications associated with chronic ulcerative colitis has been the development of associated "rheumatoid arthritis." The frequency of occurrence has been estimated at between 5 and 10 per cent,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and in most cases it has been found that with control of the colitis, joint symptoms and signs have also regressed.Recently, we observed 2 patients with severe chronic ulcerative colitis who had strikingly similar "arthritic" complaints. In both, the clinical impression was that of "rheumatoid arthritis" complicating ulcerative colitis. Subsequently, there was spontaneous breakdown of the "joints" involved with the discharge of a purulent material that persistently failed to . . .
Induction of nitric oxide synthase in a model of allergic occupational asthma
Authors: Z.‐Q. Yan, G. K. Hansson, B.‐E. Skoogh, J.O. Lötvall
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We have studied the induction of nitric oxide during late allergic responses, using a guinea pig model of trimellitic anhydride (TMA)‐induced airway allergy. TMA is a low molecular weight chemical which can cause occupational asthma. The activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was investigated by the detection of 3H ‐labeled citrulline formation from 3H ‐labeled arginine. In sensitized animals, challenge with TMA conjugated to guinea pig albumin (TMA‐GPSA) increased the activity of Ca 2+ ‐independent NOS (inducible NOS; iNOS) in lung and bronchial tissues at 15–17 h after challenge compared to nonsensitized animals. The induction of iNOS activity was associated with an increased level of nitrite, an end metabolite of the 1‐arginine‐NO pathway, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In contrast to iNOS, the activity of Ca 2+ ‐dependent NOS (constitutive NOS; eNOS) was not affected by the allergen challenge. These results demonstrate that iNOS in bronchial tissue is induced late after allergen challenge in sensitized guinea pig.
Abstract 464: Hypoxia-regulated Delta-like 1 homologue (DLK1) enhances cancer cell stemness and tumorigenicity
Authors: Yuri Kim, Qun Lin, Daniel Zelterman, Zhong Yun
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor hypoxia, i.e. O2 deficiency, is a common feature of solid tumors and predicts poor clinical outcomes. Tumor hypoxia is associated with increased aggressiveness and resistance to cancer therapies. Hypoxic tumors appear to be poorly differentiated and express stem/progenitor cell genes. It remains unclear, however, whether and how hypoxia regulates cancer cell differentiation and maintains cancer cell stemness. In this study, we demonstrate that hypoxia increases the expression of delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a transmembrane protein mainly expressed in stem/progenitor cells. Both HIF-1α and HIF-2α can bind to the DLK1 promoter. Using neuroblastoma (NB) cells as a model, we have found that DLK1 is highly expressed in undifferentiated, but not in differentiated, NB tumor cells. Downregulation of DLK1 expression by siRNA interference results in spontaneous differentiation, whereas overexpression of DLK1 inhibits retinoic acid-induced differentiation. We have further found that DLK1 is required for maintaining tumor sphere growth, a key feature reflecting the cancer stem cell-like characteristics. Importantly, we have demonstrated that loss of DLK1 expression leads to significantly reduced clonogenic growth in vitro, suppressed tumor take and growth of tumor xenografts in vivo. Furthermore, we have found that the intracellular domain of DLK1, especially its two conserved putative phosphorylation sites (Tyrosine 339 and Serine 355), is required for its biological functions. In summary, our results clearly demonstrate that DLK1 has the ability to regulate all the key aspects of cancer stem cell-like characteristics, i.e. tumor cell differentiation, self-renewal (tumor sphere growth), clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity. Because elevated DLK1 expression is also found in many tumor types, our observations suggest that hypoxia and DLK1 may constitute an important stem cell pathway for the regulation of cancer stem cell-like functionality and tumorigenicity by the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 464.
Controlling deaths from volatile substance abuse in under 18s: the effects of legislation.
Authors: A. Esmail, H. R. Anderson, J. D. Ramsey, J. Taylor, A. Pottier
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Between 1981 and 1989 in the United Kingdom about 856 people died from volatile substance abuse.' Attempts at prevention have included health education campaigns and the introduction of legislation in 1985.2This paper examines the possible effects of these measures on trends in the numbers of deaths and in the types of substance abused.
FDA Warning: New Batch of Fake Bevacizumab Found
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Prospective comparison between double-balloon enteroscopy and spiral enteroscopy
Authors: T. Frieling, J. Heise, W. Sassenrath, A. Hülsdonk, C. Kreysel
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de T. Frieling et al., pp. 885Endoscopy 2010; 42(11): 994-994DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306705