tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toll-Like Receptor-2 Modulates Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tetsuro Shishido, Naoki Nozaki, Seiji Yamaguchi, Yoko Shibata, Joji Nitobe, Takuya Miyamoto, Hiroki Takahashi, Takanori Arimoto, Kunihiko Maeda, Mitsunori Yamakawa, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira, Yasuchika Takeishi, Isao Kubota
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of the interleukin-1 receptor family and transduce similar signals as interleukin-1 receptor in response to exogenous pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated that TLRs are activated by endogenous signals, such as heat shock proteins and oxidative stress, that may contribute to ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. In this study, we determined whether TLR-2 was involved in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.Myocardial infarction was induced by surgical left anterior descending coronary artery ligation on wild-type (WT) mice and TLR-2-knockout (KO) mice. The survival rate was significantly higher in KO mice than in WT mice 4 weeks after myocardial infarction (65% versus 43%, P<0.03). Infarct size and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in infarct area were similar between WT and KO mice. However, myocardial fibrosis in the noninfarct area of KO mice was much less than in WT mice (P<0.01) and was accompanied by reduced transforming growth factor-beta1 and collagen type 1 mRNA expressions (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Left ventricular dimensions at end diastole were smaller in KO mice than in WT mice at 1 week (P<0.05) and 4 weeks (P<0.01) after surgery. Furthermore, fractional shortening was higher (27.7+/-2.5% versus 21.2+/-2.6%, P<0.05, at 1 week, and 24.3+/-2.0% versus 16.6+/-2.5%, P<0.01, at 4 weeks) in KO mice compared with WT mice.These data suggest that TLR-2 plays an important role in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Repertoire-based selection into the marginal zone compartment during B cell development
Authors: John B. Carey, Chantelle S. Moffatt-Blue, Lisa C. Watson, Amanda L. Gavin, Ann J. Feeney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Marginal zone (MZ) B cells resemble fetally derived B1 B cells in their innate-like rapid responses to bacterial pathogens, but the basis for this is unknown. We report that the MZ is enriched in "fetal-type" B cell receptors lacking N regions (N(-)). Mixed bone marrow (BM) chimeras, made with adult terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)(+/+) and TdT(-/-) donor cells, demonstrate preferential repertoire-based selection of N(-) B cells into the MZ. Reconstitution of irradiated mice with adult TdT(+/+) BM reveals that the MZ can replenish N(-) B cells in adult life via repertoire-based selection and suggest the possibility of a TdT-deficient precursor population in the adult BM. The mixed chimera data also suggest repertoire-based bifurcations into distinct BM and splenic maturation pathways, with mature "recirculating" BM B cells showing a very strong preference for N(+) complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3 compared with follicular B cells. Because the T1 and MZ compartments are both the most enriched for N(-) H-CDR3, we propose a novel direct T1-->MZ pathway and identify a potential T1-MZ precursor intermediate. We demonstrate progressive but discontinuous repertoire-based selection throughout B cell development supporting multiple branchpoints and pathways in B cell development. Multiple differentiation routes leading to MZ development may contribute to the reported functional heterogeneity of the MZ compartment.
Infants too young to receive pneumococcal conjugate vaccine benefit from herd immunity
Authors: R J F Carter
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ Poehling KA, Talbot TR, Griffin MR, et al . Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA2006;295:1668–74 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] The Netherlands and the UK have recently joined a relatively small number of European countries to recommend a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) as part of universal childhood immunisation programmes. PCV7 was incorporated into the US childhood vaccination programme in June 2000 and is recommended for all children aged 2–23 months. Since is introduction, evidence has shown that the rate of … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DPoehling%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D295%26rft.issue%253D14%26rft.spage%253D1668%26rft.epage%253D1674%26rft.atitle%253DInvasive%2BPneumococcal%2BDisease%2BAmong%2BInfants%2BBefore%2Band%2BAfter%2BIntroduction%2Bof%2BPneumococcal%2BConjugate%2BVaccine%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.295.14.1668%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16609088%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.295.14.1668&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16609088&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F61%2F7%2F610.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000236707300022&link_type=ISI
The effect of field condition and shoe type on lower extremity injuries in American Football
Authors: Jaclyn Nicole Iacovelli, Jingzhen Yang, Geb Thomas, Hongqian Wu, Trisha Schiltz, Danny T Foster
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

<h3>Background/aim</h3> Considerable improvement has been made in football field surfaces and types of shoe, yet relatively few epidemiological studies have investigated their roles in the risk of football injuries. This study examined the effects of field surface, surface condition and shoe type on the likelihood of lower extremity football injuries. <h3>Methods</h3> Deidentified data from 188 players from one division I university football team during the 2007–2010 seasons were analysed. Lower extremity injury rate and rate ratio, along with 95% confidence limits, were calculated by football activity, playing surface condition and shoe type. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 130 lower extremity injuries were sustained, with an overall lower extremity injury rate of 33.5/10 000 athlete-sessions. The lower&nbsp;extremity injury rate was 2.61 times higher when the surface condition was abnormal compared with when the surface condition was normal. During games, the risk for lower extremity injury was 3.34 times higher (95% CI 1.70&nbsp;to 6.56) on artificial turf compared with natural grass. However, this trend was not statistically significant in practice sessions. Furthermore, neither the number of shoe cleats nor the height of the shoe top was statistically associated with risk of lower extremity injuries. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Football players who played on artificial turf or when the surface condition was abnormal were susceptible to lower extremity injuries. Evidence from this study suggests that further research into playing surfaces and shoe types may provide fruitful opportunities to reduce injuries to collegiate football players.
Low Pretransplantation Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels Predict Superior Patient and Graft Survival after Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Stefan P. Berger, Anja Roos, Marko J.K. Mallat, Alexander F.M. Schaapherder, Ilias I. Doxiadis, Cees van Kooten, Friedo W. Dekker, Mohamed R. Daha, Johan W. de Fijter
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is the treatment of choice for patients with type 1 diabetes and renal failure. However, this procedure is characterized by a high rate of postoperative infections, acute rejection episodes, and cardiovascular mortality. The lectin pathway of complement activation contributes to cardiovascular disease in diabetes and may play an important role in inflammatory damage after organ transplantation. This study therefore sought to determine how mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a major recognition molecule of the lectin pathway of complement activation, influences outcome after SPKT. MBL serum levels were determined in 99 and MBL genotypes in 97 consecutive patients who received an SPKT from 1990 through 2000 and related to patient and graft survival. At 12 yr, cumulative death-censored kidney graft survival was 87.5% in patients with an MBL level <400 ng/ml and 74.8% in the group with MBL levels >400 ng/ml (P = 0.021). Pancreas graft survival was significantly better in patients with low MBL levels (P = 0.016). MBL levels >400 ng/ml were associated with a hazard ratio of 6.28 for patient death (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 20.3; P = 0.003). Accordingly, survival was significantly better in recipients with MBL gene polymorphisms associated with low MBL levels. These findings identify MBL as a potential risk factor for graft and patient survival in SPKT. It is hypothesized that MBL contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced vascular damage both in the transplanted organs and in the recipient's native blood vessels.
Sequential echocardiographic-Doppler assessment of left ventricular remodelling and mitral regurgitation during evolving experimental heart failure
Authors: R. J Howard, G. W Moe, P. W Armstrong
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Sequential echocardiographic-Doppler assessment of left ventricular remodelling and mitral regurgitation during evolving experimental heart failure Get access Robert J Howard, Robert J Howard R J Howard, Gordon W Moe, Paul W Armstrong, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5W 1W8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gordon W Moe, Gordon W Moe R J Howard, Gordon W Moe, Paul W Armstrong, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5W 1W8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul W Armstrong Paul W Armstrong R J Howard, Gordon W Moe, Paul W Armstrong, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5W 1W8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 6, June 1991, Pages 468–474, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.6.468 Published: 01 June 1991 Article history Accepted: 15 February 1990 Received: 02 October 1990 Published: 01 June 1991
Fasting serum insulin in relation to fat distribution, serum lipid profile, and blood pressure in European women: The European fat distribution study
Authors: Massimo Cigolini, Jacob C. Seidell, Jadwiga Charzewska, Britt-Marie Ellsinger, Giuseppe DiBiase, Per Björntorp, Joseph G.A.J. Hautvast, Franco Contaldo, Viktor Szostak, Ludovico A. Scuro
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
Transoral Endoscopic Head and Neck Surgery and Its Role Within the Multidisciplinary Treatment Paradigm of Oropharynx Cancer: Robotics, Lasers, and Clinical Trials
Authors: F. Christopher Holsinger, Robert L. Ferris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Transoral endoscopic head and neck surgery is a new approach for the treatment of oropharyngeal tumors. Using either a robotic system and/or laser, surgeons gain access through the mouth via minimally invasive technique and thus have improved visualization of the tumors of the oropharynx, without disfiguring incisions. This transoral route of access minimizes long-term speech and swallowing dysfunction. Surgeons view this approach as a considerable technologic advance, analogous to the evolution in radiation therapy from conventional two- and three-dimensional conformal techniques to intensity-modulated techniques. Although the use of radiation with or without chemotherapy to treat oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is supported by evidence from prospective clinical trials, there are no prospective data supporting the use of this new surgical approach for OPC. Here, we review the fundamentals of transoral endoscopic head and neck surgery, with robotics and laser technology, and discuss ongoing clinical trials for patients with OPC.
Genetic associations to germinal centre formation in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Tove Ragna Reksten, Svein Joar Auglænd Johnsen, Malin Viktoria Jonsson, Roald Omdal, Johan G Brun, Elke Theander, Per Eriksson, Marie Wahren-Herlenius, Roland Jonsson, Gunnel Nordmark
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Primary Sjögren9s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease mainly characterised by focal mononuclear cell infiltration in the salivary and lacrimal glands, and by the symptoms xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Germinal centre-like structures (GC) are found in the minor salivary glands of approximately 25% of patients. In this study, we aimed to assess genetic variations in pSS patients with GC-like formations (GC+) compared with patients without such formations (GC−). <h3>Methods</h3> Minor salivary gland biopsies from Swedish and Norwegian pSS patients (n=320) were evaluated for GC-like formations, identifying 76 GC+ and 244 GC− patients. A panel of 1536 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 107 genes was genotyped. Minor allele frequencies in GC+ and GC− patients were compared using Fisher9s exact test, and associations were considered significant when p&lt;4.7×10<sup>−4</sup> and suggestive when p&lt;0.01. <h3>Results</h3> In this case-only analysis, we identified two SNPs in <i>CCL11</i> (eotaxin) associated with GC-like structures (p&lt;4.7×10<sup>−4</sup>, OR 0.45 and 0.41, respectively). A haplotype of the two minor alleles was associated with GC status with p=2.6×10<sup>−4</sup>, OR 0.40. Suggestive associations (p&lt;0.01) were found in SNPs in the B cell activation and/or GC-formation related genes <i>AICDA</i>, <i>BANK1</i> and <i>BCL2.</i> Furthermore, SNPs in <i>IL17A</i>, <i>ICA1</i>, <i>PKN1</i> and SNPs in the NF-κB pathway genes <i>CARD8</i>, <i>IKBKE</i> and <i>TANK</i> were found suggestively associated with GC-like structures. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings suggest that genetic variations may explain why ectopic GC-like structures are present in some pSS patients, and support the hypothesis that GC+ and GC− patients represent distinct disease phenotypes.
Subclinical alveolar bleeding in pulmonary vasculitides: correlation with indices of disease activity
Authors: A. Schnabel, M. Reuter, E. Csernok, C. Richter, W.L. Gross
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Haemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages are a common finding in patients with alveolar bleeding. Iron-positive macrophages, suggestive of subclinical alveolar bleeding, were found to be fairly common in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in primary systemic vasculitis but uncommon in collagen vascular diseases (CVDs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To substantiate the impression that subclinical alveolar bleeding may be a feature distinguishing between these disorders, fibreoptic bronchoscopy and BAL were performed in 49 patients with active Wegener9s granulomatosis or Churg-Strauss syndrome and 44 patients with CVDs or RA, all of them without clinically manifest alveolar bleeding. The percentage of iron-positive cells was compared with clinical and radiological findings. Only a minority of the CVD and RA patients had iron-positive alveolar macrophages; the 95th percentile of the median number of such cells was 5%. Fifty-three per cent of the patients in the vasculitis group had &gt;5% iron-positive cells, with individual counts ranging up to 95%. Patients with iron-positive macrophages had more extensive disease, more frequent microhaematuria, a higher antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titre, a higher myeloperoxidase concentration in the BAL fluid and somewhat more frequent low-attenuation opacities in pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography than the patients with a low iron-positive cell count. In conclusion, subclinical alveolar bleeding was, indeed, a common finding in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, which distinguished these disorders from lung disease due to collagen vascular diseases or rheumatoid arthritis. Its association with indices of disease activity, although weak in this cross-sectional study, merits a longitudinal study of its value for the long-term monitoring of vasculitis patients.
Pathology after Eculizumab in Dense Deposit Disease and C3 GN
Authors: Leal C. Herlitz, Andrew S. Bomback, Glen S. Markowitz, M. Barry Stokes, R. Neal Smith, Robert B. Colvin, Gerald B. Appel, Vivette D. D’Agati
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Eculizumab might benefit C3 glomerulopathies mediated by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. Here, we report renal biopsy findings before and after eculizumab therapy in three patients with dense deposit disease and two with C3 GN. All pretreatment biopsies had glomerular and tubular basement membrane deposits that stained exclusively for C3 without significant Ig. After 1 year of therapy, there was reduction in active glomerular proliferation and neutrophil infiltration in three of five patients, consistent with effective C5 blockade, which prevents production of chemotactin C5a. One individual with mild mesangial disease had no significant change in activity or chronicity. One patient exhibited persistent activity and worsening chronicity despite therapy. Immunofluorescence showed no significant reduction in C3 or C5b-9, and electron microscopy revealed persistent deposits in all cases, suggesting a long t(1/2) of C5b-9 in extracellular matrix. Normal renal biopsies stained positive for C5b-9 in glomeruli, tubular basement membranes, and vessel walls, albeit at lower intensity than in C3 glomerulopathy. This indication of physiologic levels of C5b-9 activation in normal kidney potentially explains the localization of deposits in patients with dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. All post-treatment biopsies showed de novo monoclonal staining for IgG-κ in the same distribution as C3 and C5b-9, mimicking monoclonal Ig deposition disease (MIDD). Staining of the γ heavy chain was restricted to the IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses, suggesting the binding of monoclonal eculizumab to C5 in renal tissues. The long-term effects of this apparent drug-tissue interaction are unknown.
Substance P-induced augmentation of cutaneous vascular permeability and granulocyte infiltration in mice is mast cell dependent.
Authors: H Yano, B K Wershil, N Arizono, S J Galli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The undecapeptide substance P is thought to mediate both vasodilatation and augmented vascular permeability when released from sensory nerve endings in the skin. Substance P also induces mast cell degranulation in vitro or in vivo. However, the extent to which substance P-induced changes in vascular permeability are mast cell-dependent is unclear. We investigated this issue by injecting substance P and certain related peptides (substance P1-4, substance P4-11) into the skin of genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/W or WCB6F1- SI/SId mice the congenic normal (+/+) mice, and W/W mice which had undergone selective local repair of their mast cell deficiency by intradermal injection of IL-3-dependent mast cells generated in vitro from the bone marrow cells of the congenic +/+ mice. Substance P induced significant augmentation of vascular permeability and significant cutaneous swelling when injected into normal mice at doses as low as 2 pmol i.d. Substance P also induced granulocyte infiltration, although the infiltrate were modest and were seen at doses of peptide from 5 to more than 20-fold higher than those required for induction of tissue swelling. The effects of substance P on tissue swelling, vascular permeability, and granulocyte infiltration were virtually entirely mast cell dependent. By contrast, substance P1-4 was inactive in our assays at 25 nmol/site, and substance P4-11 induced modest augmentation of vascular permeability, which was at least in part mast cell independent.
A neuroimaging follow up study of a patient with juvenile central nervous system systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: S C A Steens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Kirkpatrick describes four levels of evidence describing the effectiveness of training. These explore trainees' reactions, learning, behaviour and results. Most assessments of simulation training deal with Kirkpatrick level 1 evidence. This explores how much the candidates enjoy and how useful they find simulation. Retention varies with teaching modalities with recollection after a traditional lecture being poor. We explored trainee recall of simulation learning points and whether they perceived a change in clinical behaviour. <h3>Methods</h3> The Leicester Neonatal Simulation Team has run an extensive point of care high fidelity simulation program since 2007. Using a retrospective qualitative survey a cohort of staff reported: <i>Recall:</i> Do simulation participants remember learning points from sessions that they attended? <i>Behaviour:</i> Do simulation participants report that their behaviour and clinical practice in the 'real world` has changed since they attended a session? Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to interpret the responses. <h3>Results</h3> 54 responses from Doctors (ST1-consultant), Band 5/6 nurses and ANNPs were received. The time elapsed from the simulation sessions to completing the questionnaire ranged from 1–7 years. 77.4% recalled the learning outcomes from the end of the session. 89% felt it had changed their practice in the real world. The main three points discussed were: Giving clear instructions to team members Using people's names when addressing team members directly How to give constructive feedback. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Recall of learning points after high fidelity simulation training is high with high levels of self reported behavioural change especially around important human factors. <h3>Reference</h3> Smidt A, Balandin S, Sigafoos J, Reed VA. The Kirkpatrick Model: A useful tool for evaluating training outcomes. <i>J Intellect Dev Disabil</i>. 2009 Sep;34(3):266–74