tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of the 3′-Untranslated Region of the Leptin Receptor Gene, but Not the Adiponectin <i>SNP45</i> Polymorphism, Predicts Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Monica Nannipieri, Rosalinda Posadas, Alessandra Bonotti, Ken Williams, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando, Michael P. Stern, Ele Ferrannini
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Because obesity is a powerful risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, genes involved in the pathogenesis of obesity might also play a role in type 2 diabetes (1). In obese subjects, heterozygous carriers of a pentanucleotide insertion in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the LEPR gene had lower serum insulin concentrations than subjects homozygous for the more common deletion allele (2,3). Furthermore, in a population-based prospective study of a small number of healthy subjects, carriers of the insertion allele of the 3′- UTR LEPR polymorphism had a reduced risk of incident type 2 diabetes over 4 years compared with subjects with the deletion allele; the former also had lower fasting serum insulin levels than the latter (4).

Plasma adiponectin levels are reduced in patients with obesity (5) and type 2 diabetes (6). Data from two linkage studies suggest that genetic variants of the LEPR gene are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (7,8). Furthermore, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APM1 gene, a silent T to G substitution in exon 2 ( 45T/G ) and a G to T substitution in intron 2 ( 276G/T ), have been found to be associated with type 2 diabetes in Caucasian and Japanese subjects (9–11).

Our aim was to evaluate the role of the I/D - LEPR polymorphism and the SNP45-APM1 in the development of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes in the Mexico City Diabetes Study (12), a prospective population-based study with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes.

Anthropometric and clinical parameters were measured as described elsewhere …
Intracoronary stenting for acute and threatened closure complicating percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Authors: G S Roubin, A D Cannon, S K Agrawal, P J Macander, L S Dean, W A Baxley, J Breland
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND. Acute closure remains a significant limitation of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and underlies the majority of ischemic complications. This study details the clinical and angiographic characteristics of a series of patients receiving an intracoronary stent device to manage acute and threatened closure and presents the early clinical results. METHODS AND RESULTS. From October 1989 through June 1991, 115 patients undergoing PTCA received intracoronary stents to treat acute or threatened closure in 119 vessels. Sixty-three percent had multivessel coronary disease, 33 (29%) had undergone prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and 52 (45%) had had previous PTCA. Using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) classification, 15% of lesions were class A, 55% were class B, and 30% were class C. Eight patients were referred with severe coronary dissection and unstable angina after PTCA at other institutions. Acute closure was defined as occlusion of the vessel with TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) 0 or 1 flow immediately before stent placement. Threatened closure required two or more of the following criteria: 1) a residual stenosis greater than 50%, 2) TIMI grade 2 flow, 3) angiographic dissection comprising extraluminal dye extravasation and/or a length of greater than 15 mm, 4) evidence of clinical ischemia (either typical angina or ECG changes). Twelve vessels (10%) met the criteria for acute closure, and 87 vessels (73%) satisfied the criteria for threatened closure. Twenty vessels (17%) failed to meet two criteria. Stenting produced optimal angiographic results in 111 vessels (93%), with mean diameter stenosis (+/- 1 SD) reduced from 83 +/- 12% before to 18 +/- 29% after stenting. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 1.7% and CABG was required in 4.2%; Q wave myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in 7% and non-Q wave MI in 9%. Stent thrombosis occurred in nine patients (7.6%). For the 108 patients who presented to the catheterization laboratory without evolving MI, Q wave MI occurred in 4% and non-Q wave MI occurred in 7%. Angiographic follow-up has been performed in 81 eligible patients (76%), and 34 patients (41%) had a lesion of greater than or equal to 50%. CONCLUSIONS. This stent may be a useful adjunct to balloon dilatation in acute or threatened closure. Randomized studies comparing this stent with alternative technologies are required.
Blood transfusion service faces change
Authors: D Beales
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The National Blood Authority has proposed a restructuring of the blood transfusion service in England, including the closure of one third of the 15 regional blood transfusion centres. The authority also wants to introduce a computer system to monitor all blood stocks and to reorganise the location of storage facilities so that all hospitals are within two hours' travelling time for emergency deliveries.

The proposed changes would mainly affect the testing, processing, and storage of donated blood. Arrangements for collecting blood …
Diabetic Hepatosclerosis Presenting With Severe Cholestasis
Authors: Elena Nazzari, Federica Grillo, Tiziana Celiento, Antonino Picciotto, Diego Ferone, Giovanni Murialdo, Pietro Ameri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Diabetic hepatosclerosis (DH) is a novel entity that has recently been characterized by reviewing archived liver biopsies (1–3). Little is known about its clinical presentation.

A 37-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for nephrotic syndrome and a trophic ulcer in the left leg. He had been diagnosed with diabetes 12 years before and treated with insulin ever since. He had nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and arterial hypertension. There was no history of alcohol abuse. His parents were first-degree cousins, and early-onset diabetes with predominant microangiopathy was present in other family members. A brother had died of renal failure after lower-limb amputation.

On admission, concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamil transpeptidase were increased. Aminotransferases and bone ALP were normal.

Early during hospitalization, sepsis secondary to infection of the leg ulcer and renal failure cooccurred, …
Echographic determination of left ventricular volumes in pediatric patients.
Authors: R A Meyer, J Stockert, S Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of determining left ventricular (LV) volumes by echocardiography in infants and children. Thirty-one patients between the ages of two months and 15 years underwent left ventriculography (biplane antero-posterior and lateral cine). Ventricular volumes using an ellipsoidal model were calculated for end diastole from the cineangiograms. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.856) between the echographic minor dimension (Be) and the minor lateral cine dimension (Bc) at end diastole. A similar correlation (r = 0.889) existed between the LV volume in end diastole measured by cineangiography and Be. The correlation coefficient between the echo minor dimension and the lateral minor cine dimension in end systole was 0.753. A relation between ejection fraction (EF) and the echo minor dimension measurements in end diastole and end systole was formulated, which permitted estimation of the EF from the echo measurements. As a result of this study, it was concluded that the LV minor dimension can be measured reliably by echocardiography in children and from these measurements LV volumes, ejection fraction, and hence, stroke volume can be estimated.
Genome‐wide association studies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Still more questions than answers?
Authors: Roger Chapman, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic bile duct disease affecting 2.4-7.5% of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. We performed a genome-wide association analysis of 2,466,182 SNPs in 715 individuals with PSC and 2962 controls,followed by replication in 1025 PSC cases and 2174 controls. We detected non-HLA associations at rs3197999 in MST1 and rs6720394 near BCL2L11 (combined P = 1.1 x (10(-16) and P = 4.1 x 10(-8) respectively).
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Liver Disease
Authors: Gary C. Kanel, George Radvanand, Robert L. Peters
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

To establish whether there is any significant relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations and biopsy-documented liver disease, 169 patients had needle biopsies, serum cholesterol, and HDLC evaluated. Twenty-four patients had serial cholesterol, HDLC, prothrombin, and aminotransferase levels and activities examined. In both men and women, HDLC decreased strikingly and significantly in acute alcoholic hepatitis and in acute viral hepatitis, compared to controls (p &lt; 0.001). Men and women with inactive alcoholic liver disease and chronic active hepatitis showed moderate decreases in HDLC (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with primary and metastatic hepatic neoplasms also had strikingly decreased HDLC (p &lt; 0.001). Serial testing showed an excellent direct correlation between HDLC and prothrombin activity, r values ranging from 0.71 to 0.98. Although alcohol intake is known to correlate positively with HDLC concentrations, our data shows that this association is not absolute, and in most cases is reversed once liver disease becomes apparent.
Case 25-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of Case A 15-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of virilization. The patient was black, a native of Jamaica, and a recent immigrant to this country. Her menarche occurred at the age of 11 years, with regular menses every 30 days, accompanied by abdominal cramps and breast tenderness. During the two years before admission the menses became irregular, and they ceased 18 months before admission, with only infrequent spotting thereafter. A physician noticed that her voice was deep; the clitoris was enlarged, and watery secretion could be expressed from one breast. Four months before entry acne of . . .
Prescribed Use of Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs in the United States, 1978 Through 1988
Authors: Diane K. Wysowski
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Data from two pharmaceutical marketing research databases, the National Prescription Audit and the National Disease and Therapeutic Index, were used to study trends in outpatient use of cholesterol-lowering drugs in the United States from 1978 through 1988. Retail pharmacies dispensed an estimated 4.4 million prescriptions for cholesterol-lowering drugs in 1978. This declined to 2.6 million in 1983 and increased dramatically to nearly 13 million in 1988. This fivefold increase between 1983 and 1988 was accounted for primarily by the introduction and use of two new drugs, gemfibrozil and lovastatin, and, to a lesser extent, by the increasing use of some older drugs. In 1988, after 1 full year of marketing, lovastatin was the leading cholesterol-lowering drug, followed closely by gemfibrozil; both drugs are currently considered second-line agents. Clofibrate and dextrothyroxine, drugs that ranked first and second in 1978, declined to ranks of sixth and eighth out of eight in 1988. Cholestyramine, gemfibrozil, and lovastatin accounted for about 75% of all lipid-lowering prescriptions in 1988. From 1978 through 1988, an average 54% of individuals using cholesterol-lowering drugs were 60 years of age or older. The 13 million prescriptions for cholesterol-lowering drugs in 1988 represent a maximum estimate of 13 million treated individuals. This number compares with the 60 million Americans with high cholesterol levels who are candidates for dietary advice, and, if cholesterol levels do not improve, for combined diet and drug intervention.
KEEPING THE CHILD'S NOSE CLEAN BY ASPIRATION
Authors: W. D. Rowland
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. W. B. Mason, Washington, D. C., inThe Journal, June 2, 1923, under the title of "A New Ear and Nose Syringe," gives an excellent note regarding the use of a plungerless syringe for the irrigation of the ear and the nose. There is one other very important use of this type of syringe that I feel is worthy of attention: In children before the age of their ability and knowledge of blowing the nose properly, there are many conditions of uncleanliness and pathologic conditions poorly cared for by faulty drainage of the nose. I have used the same type of syringe for aspiration with great ease and comfort to the patient, and most satisfactory results by completely cleaning the nose in coryza. In the presence of pathologic conditions, the aspiration with this instrument will oftentimes avoid middle ear involvement. It may be used both for
Effect of mattress and pillow encasings on children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: B. Kim, C. Kim, S. Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

RATIONALE: House dust mite(HDM) allergens are important triggers for atopic dermatitis(AD) and reducing exposure to these allergens may alleviate clinical symptoms. We performed this study to investigate the effectiveness of HDM-impermeable mattress and pillow encasings in the treatment of children with AD. METHODS: Twenty-three children(age: 3~15 year, male: 10, female: 13)with AD and HDM allergy were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The study was a trial of 11 months` duration, with the active treatment consisting of the HMD-impermeable mattress and pillow encasings. Twelve children received HDM-impermeable mattress and pillow encasings: the other eleven served as a control group. The severity of the disease was evaluated using the SASSAD score. RESULTS: At the end of the study a significant decrease in AD severity was observed in active allergy control group(mean SASSAD score decrease from 16.6±8.6 to 6.6±4.9, P= 0.003) compared to placebo group(mean SASSAD score decrease from 20.4±9.7 to 21.1±19.3, P=0.853). CONCLUSIONS: The use of HDM-impermeable mattress and pillow encasings may be useful in the management of HDM-associated AD in children.
Hazards of Glove Powder in Renal Angiography
Authors: Eduardo J. Yunis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

RECENT REPORTS have shown that the use of a starch-derivative powder, instead of talc, for the hands and surgical gloves has not eliminated all the complications associated with the latter. Goodman et al<sup>1</sup>reported that a commercial starchderivative, absorbable dusting powder (Bio-Sorb), frequently used on surgical gloves, is not inert and its use results in severe granulomatous lesions and adhesions in the abdominal cavity. Likewise, petechial hemorrhages of the face and retina are known to occur after carotid angiograms. This has been attributed to the contamination of contrast media and catheters by glove powder.<sup>2</sup>Although serious consequences have not been reported, it is possible that damage to vital organs may be produced. We are not aware of similar reports in relation to renal angiography. This communication reports a case of petechiae and focal glomerulitis due to starch granules in a kidney removed 20 hours after renal angiography. Injection
Functional evidence for presence of lipid rafts in erythrocyte membranes: Gsα in rafts is essential for signal transduction
Authors: Kotoe Kamata, Sumie Manno, Makoto Ozaki, Yuichi Takakuwa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract Membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids and containing specific membrane proteins are designated as lipid rafts. Lipid rafts have been implicated in cell signaling pathways in various cell types. Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide‐binding protein (Gsα) has been shown to be a raft component of erythrocytes and has been implicated in cell signaling. Rafts are isolated as detergent‐resistant microdomains (DRMs) for biochemical analysis. Cholesterol depletion is widely used to disrupt raft structures to study their function in biological membranes. In the present study, we developed an alternate strategy for disrupting raft structures without altering membrane cholesterol content. Lidocaine hydrochloride, an amphipathic local anesthetic, is shown to reversibly disrupt rafts in erythrocyte membranes and alter the Gsα dependent signal transduction pathway. These findings provide evidence for the presence of rafts while maintaining normal cholesterol content in erythrocyte membranes and confirm a role for raft‐associated Gsα in signal transduction in erythrocytes. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exceptional case of survival in cold water.
Authors: W R Keatinge, S R Coleshaw, C E Millard, J Axelsson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

pressing need for culturally acceptable educational aids that recognise the regional differences between Asian communities.Such aids'shouldencourage a reduced consumption of refined carbohydrates and saturated fats and an increased consumption of unrefined carbohydrates rich in fibre.We gratefully acknowledge research grants from the North
General Internal Medicine in Internal Medicine: At the Core or on the Periphery?
Authors: John Noble
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

In the past decade, faculty in sections of general internal medicine have assumed responsibility for training residents, for staffing clinical practices, and for developing new domains of health services and effectiveness research. These activities form the core of internal medicine: They are integral to the role of internal medicine as an academic and patient care discipline, and they complement the activities of the internal medicine subspecialties. The effect of general internal medicine on internal medicine, therefore, has been to shift the focus away from the subspecialty services—which compartmentalize a patient's medical problems—and back to the concept of the patient as a "whole" person. The role and territory of the general internist are changing as a result of this shift in focus, and general internal medicine is emerging as the new core discipline in internal medicine. These changes have allowed for an expanded capacity of internal medicine to provide new services, modified curricula, and innovative research.
Nomenclature: Familial Mediterranean Fever and Periodic Peritonitis
Authors: HOBART A. REIMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1975Nomenclature: Familial Mediterranean Fever and Periodic PeritonitisHOBART A. REIMANN, M.D.HOBART A. REIMANN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-3-433_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The authors of a paper concerning colchicine for familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (Ann Intern Med81:792, 1974) omit mention of other views about terminology and nature of the disorder. One of their criteria for diagnosing familial Mediterranean fever is the "absence of amyloidosis." Yet in Sonar's cited paper "amyloidosis is the second major feature of FMF." As the main difference from periodic peritonitis (PP), familial Mediterranean fever involves a sect of Levantine and North African Jews. Amyloidosis occurred in 26% and was said to be fatal before the age of 40 years. Other observations on the same...References1. EHRENFELDELIAKIMRACHMILEWITZ EMM: Recurrent polyserositis (familial Mediterranean fever; periodic disease). Am J Med 31:107-123, 1961 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. ELIAKIM M: Incidence of amyloidosis in recurrent polyserositis (familial Mediterranean fever), lsr J Med Sci 6:2-8, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. REIMANN H: Periodic peritonitis-heredity and pathology. Report of seventy-two cases. JAMA 154:1254-1259, 1954 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HAMEDABDEL-AZIZABDEL-AZIZ MHT: Familial Mediterranean fever in Egypt. J Egypt Med Assoc 54:469-488, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. BAKIRMURTADHA FM: Periodic peritonitis. Report of 41 cases without amyloidosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. In press for 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. REIMANN H: Colchicine for periodic peritonitis. JAMA 231:64-66, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia 32 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByFAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER IN AUSTRALIA 1 March 1975Volume 82, Issue 3Page: 433-433KeywordsAmyloidosisColchicineFeversJewish peoplePeritonitis Issue Published: 1 March 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
SURGICAL RESECTION IN NONSPECIFIC ILEOCOLITIS
Authors: CHARLES W. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Two terms should be defined at the outset. The first is "nonspecific," by which is meant "of unknown or undetermined origin." The second is "right portion of the colon," by which is meant "the cecum, ascending colon and hepatic flexure." This study of surgical resection for nonspecific ileocolitis was prompted by a recent review of malignant lesions of the right portion of the colon. The present review is based on the records of 100 patients for whom the terminal portion of the ileum and the right portion of the colon were resected for nonspecific inflammatory disease. Resection in these 100 cases was performed by eleven different surgeons. In an attempt to evaluate the results of possible surgical procedures, the cases were classified into the divisions of "stage operation" suggested by Lovelace and one of us (Mayo). This has been modified as in table 1. <h3>AGE AND SEX</h3> Of the 100
Inhibition of Tumor Cell-Induced Platelet Aggregation and Experimental Tumor Metastasis by the Synthetic Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser Peptide
Authors: K. K Ugen, M. Mahalingam, P. A. Klein, K.-J. Kao
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

The mechanism by which the murine fibrosarcoma clone PAK 17.15 induces platelet aggregation [tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA)] was studied because platelet activation by this done is necessary for metastasis to the lungs. PAK 17.15 TCIPA was completely inhibited by ADP-clearing enzymes, such as apyrase, or a mixture of creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase. Thrombin and collagen were not involved in PAK 17.15 TCIPA. Further studies showed that ADP is most likely secreted from activated platelets and that membrane protein(s) on PAK 17.15 cells are responsible for platelet activation. Inasmuch as ADP-dependent platelet aggregation requires fibrinogen and can be inhibited by the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) synthetic peptide, the effect of this peptide on PAK 17.15 TCIPA was studied. PAK 17.15 TCIPA was completely in-hibited by the GRGDS peptide (0.4 mM) but not by a control peptide, Gly-Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser (0.8 mM). In addition, the GRGDS peptide inhibited adhesion of PAK 17.15 cells to immobilized fibronectin. As expected, the GRGDS peptide almost completely inhibited lung colonization by iv injected PAK 17.15 cells in C57BL/6 mice. Our results Indicate that GRGDS may inhibit pulmonary metastases by interfering with TCIPA as well as with tumor cell adhesion to extra- cellular matrix Components in the host. [J Nail Cancer Inst 1988;80:1461-14.66]