tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is lead in tap water still a public health problem? An observational study in Glasgow
Authors: G. C M Watt, A. Britton, W H. Gilmour, M. R Moore, G. D Murray, S. J Robertson, J. Womersley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the relation between tap water lead and maternal blood lead concentrations and assess the exposure of infants to lead in tap water in a water supply area subjected to maximal water treatment to reduce plumbosolvency. <b>Design</b>: Postal questionnaire survey and collection of kettle water from a representative sample of mothers; blood and further water samples were collected in a random sample of households and households with raised water lead concentrations. <b>Setting</b>: Loch Katrine water supply area, Glasgow. <b>Subjects</b>: 1812 mothers with a live infant born between October 1991 and September 1992. Blood lead concentrations were measured in 342 mothers. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Mean geometric blood lead concentrations and the prevalence of raised tap water lead concentrations. <b>Results</b>: 17% of households had water lead concentrations of 10 μg/l (48.3 nmol/l) or more in 1993 compared with 49% of households in 1981. Tap water lead remained the main correlate of raised maternal blood lead concentrations and accounted for 62% and 76% of cases of maternal blood lead concentrations above 5 and 10 μg/dl (0.24 and 0.48 μmol/l) respectively. The geometric mean maternal blood lead concentration was 3.65 μg/dl (0.18 μmol/l) in a random sample of mothers and 3.16 μg/dl (0.15 μmol/l) in mothers whose tap water lead concentrations were consistently below 2 μg/l (9.7 nmol/l). No mother in the study had a blood lead concentration above 25 μg/dl (1.21 μmol/l). An estimated 13% of infants were exposed via bottle feeds to tap water lead concentrations exceeding the World Health Organisation9s guideline of 10 μg/l (48.3 nmol/l). <b>Conclusions</b>: Tap water lead and maternal blood lead concentrations in the Loch Katrine water supply area have fallen substantially since the early 1980s. Maternal blood lead concentrations are well within limits currently considered safe for human health. Tap water lead is still a public health problem in relation to the lead exposure of bottle fed infants. <h3>Key messages</h3> For a given tap water lead concentration mater- nal blood lead concentrations are much lower than they were in 1981 Tap water lead remains the main correlate of raised maternal blood lead concentrations An estimated 13% of infants are exposed via bottle feeds to tap water lead concentrations of 10 μg/l (48.3 nmol/l) or more Maternal blood lead concentrations are generally within limits considered safe for human health
AN ATTEMPT TO PREDICT PROBABLE COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS BY BRIEF PSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATION
Authors: ALBERT J. GLASS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

One hundred and forty-six replacements to rifle companies were given a brief psychiatric evaluation prior to participation in combat duty. An arbitrary method of scoring divided the men into 4 groups in an effort to predict their combat effectiveness. An adequate control group of a similar group of men who were not examined was included. The examined and control groups participated in 5 combat periods, three of the offensive type and two of a defensive nature. A careful follow-up study of the individual performance in combat was accomplished. The results indicate that a moderate degree of success can be obtained by such a method. Analysis of results also demonstrated that the previous civilian performance of the individual is the most accurate prognostic indicator of his combat effectiveness. It is suggested that such a method would be of value as an aid to the screening of men for hazardous combat duties.
Treatment of Iliac Artery Aneurysms by Percutaneous Implantation of Stent Grafts
Authors: D. Scheinert, M. Schroder, H. Steinkamp, J. Ludwig, G. Biamino
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Iliac artery aneurysms have traditionally been treated by direct surgical reconstruction. Endovascular stent grafts have been developed to provide an effective but less invasive treatment option for patients with peripheral arterial aneurysms.In 48 patients, a total of 53 endoprostheses (mean length 7. 3 cm, mean diameter 8.1 mm) were implanted into the iliac arteries (common iliac artery n=29, external iliac artery n=19) for percutaneous exclusion of aneurysmal lesions. The technical success of complete exclusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 47 of 48 cases (97.9%). In 1 case, persistent perfusion through a collateral branch was detected; however, this aneurysm thrombosed spontaneously within 2 weeks. In all patients, graft patency was monitored by clinical examination, which included the standardized treadmill test with calculation of the ankle-brachial Doppler index and color-coded duplex ultrasound. Forty-two of the 48 patients (87.5%) underwent follow-up angiography. According to Kaplan-Meier life-table calculations, primary patency rates were 100% after 1 year, 97.9% after 2 years, 94.9% after 3 years, and 87.6% after 4 years. Serial contrast-enhanced spiral CT scans were performed to rule out late procedural failures and to assess growth progression of the lesions. No secondary leaks were observed. Furthermore, the aneurysm diameter had reduced from 24.8+/-8.0 mm to 23.1+/-6.6 mm at the last follow-up (P:=NS).Stent grafts are a safe and effective treatment option for iliac artery aneurysms and provide good long-term patency of the graft.
Pulmonary Function in Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: THOMAS A. DILLARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Pulmonary function abnormalities, which have been reported to occur in persons with sickle cell trait (hemoglobin AS), could intensify the hypoxic stimulus for the systemic formation of sickle cells at high altitude. We sought to determine whether pulmonary function abnormalities occur as a result of exposure to high altitudes in persons with hemoglobin AS. In a prospective study, 13 men with hemoglobin AS ("cases") and 13 controls (hemoglobin AA) matched by age, sex, and race were exposed to five to seven altitude simulations (ranging from 1524 to 7620 m [5000 to 25,000 ft]) in a hypobaric chamber. Measurements of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced midexpiratory flow were obtained before and after each exposure. Data before exposures did not differ statistically between cases and controls. Altitude had no systematic effect on DLco or spirometric values in cases compared with values in controls (p greater than 0.05). Individual declines in forced vital capacity or DLco of more than 10% occurred with similar frequency in both groups. Measurements made after the series of exposures showed no change from those made before. We conclude that short serial exposures to hypoxia at high altitudes does not acutely or cumulatively alter DLco or spirometric values in healthy, nonexercising persons with sickle cell trait.
Renal failure and hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis and skin and soft tissue infection. A retrospective study
Authors: Gustavo Pereira, Mónica Guevara, Claudia Fagundes, Elsa Solá, Ezequiel Rodríguez, Javier Fernández, Marco Pavesi, Vicente Arroyo, Pere Ginès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Hubert Talbot (“Joe”) Ford
Authors: Jean-Claude Gazet
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Hubert Talbot ("Joe") FordRadiotherapist who co-pioneered combined breast cancer clinics Joe Ford was one of the "young Turks" who helped to revolutionise the treatment of breast cancer in the United Kingdom.In the early 1970s he and his fellow consultants in surgical oncology and medicine founded the first combined breast clinic, where all patients who had been diagnosed with breast cancer through mammography and cytology were seen by a team of consultant surgeon, physician, and radiotherapist.The team of consultants discussed the diagnosis and suggested treatments, all within the time frame of three hours from initial consultation.In addition they introduced the concept of nurse specialists to assist in diagnosis, management, and counselling.Over the next 25 years this "one-stop" clinic successfully managed thousands of patients by providing a highly effective combination treatment by surgery, radiotherapy, and chemo-endocrine therapy.This combined, multidisciplinary approach has proved highly influential in the treatment of many other cancers and predates the current focus on "joined-up" service provision.
Influence of Respiration on Venous Return in Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: FRED K. NAKHJAVAN, WILFRED H. PALMER, MAURICE MCGREGOR
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The influence of respiration on the flow of blood from the abdominal vena cava into the thorax was studied in 15 patients with pulmonary emphysema and in 10 control subjects without thoracic disease or heart failure. In control subjects, during quiet breathing blood flowed into the thorax throughout the respiratory cycle at a rate which was greatest during inspiration. Simultaneously the transmural pressure of the abdominal vena cava fell and transmural right atrial pressure increased. The same pattern of flow was observed in nine of the patients with emphysema. In the other six patients, however, flow was greatly reduced or completely arrested during inspiration, with simultaneous increase in transmural caval pressure and reduction in transmural atrial pressure. This inspiratory obstruction at the thoracic inlet was associated with gross hyperinflation of the lungs and a low diaphragmatic position. It probably was not the result of the high negative and positive intrathoracic pressures that develop during inspiration and expiration, respectively, in such subjects. It is possible that this phenomenon may account for the peripheral edema that occurs in patients who have emphysema without associated pulmonary hypertension or cardiomegaly.
RETRO-PHARYNGEAL LYMPHADENITIS.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: W. E. CASSELBERRY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

It is now well established that retro-pharyngeal abscess arises ordinarily not in caries of the cervical vertebrÆ, but in the inflammation of the lymphatic glands which are imbedded in the posterior pharyngeal wall. Of 204 cases analyzed, Bokai placed 187 in this class, in contra-distinction to only 7 cases, secondary to caries of the vertebrÆ. Children are especially prone to inflammations of the lymphatic system. Cervical lymphadenitis is common among them. Frequently it is tuberculous, but often it is not, and usually the acute variety whether suppurative or non-suppurative, results from infection by a previously existing tonsillitis. So also with retropharyngeal abscess; it is most reasonable to regard it as a secondary infection of the pharyngeal lymphatics from inflammation of exposed and associated muco-lymphoid glands, like the faucial and naso-pharyngeal tonsils. In rare instances the source of infection may be rhinitis communicated through the nasal lymph channels or, still more
Short-term exposure to air pollution in a road tunnel enhances the asthmatic response to allergen
Authors: M. Svartengren, V. Strand, G. Bylin, L. Jarup, G. Pershagen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

The aim of this study was to assess whether air pollution in road tunnels would promote asthmatic reactions in persons with mild allergic asthma. Twenty volunteers with mild allergic asthma were exposed, inside a car, for 30 min in a Stockholm city road tunnel. As a control, the subjects were exposed to much lower pollution levels in a suburban area. Four hours after the exposure, the subjects inhaled a low dose of allergen. Asthmatic reaction during the early phase was measured as the increase in specific airway resistance 15 min after allergen inhalation and during the late phase as the decrease in lung function forced expiratory volume in one second 3-10 h after allergen inhalation. Asthma symptoms and drug use were monitored up to 18 h after allergen inhalation. The median nitrogen dioxide level during exposure was 313 microg x m-3 (range 203-462). The median levels of particles with 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters of 10 (PM10) and 2.5 microm (PM2.5) were 170 (range 103-613) and 95 (range 61-218) micro x m-3, respectively. Subjective symptoms during tunnel exposure were not pronounced. However, subjects exposed to tunnel N02 levels of &gt; or = 300 microg x m-3 had a significantly greater early reaction, following allergen exposure, as well as lower lung function and more asthma symptoms during the late phase, compared to control. Also, subjects with PM2.5 exposure &gt; or = 100 microg x m-3 had a slightly increased early reaction compared to control. In conclusion, exposure to air pollution in road tunnels may significantly enhance asthmatic reactions to subsequently inhaled allergens.
Patients in Nursing Homes
Authors: Lee Gurel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A total of 845 patients from 18 Veterans Administration hospitals were studied by physicians, nurses, and social workers at time of transfer into nursing home care and six months after placement. Findings indicated relatively little opposition to nursing home placement from either patients or their families. Descriptive information supports the view that nursing homes are serving a more heterogeneous and a more seriously ill clientele than in the past. The increased use of nursing homes to relieve the pressure for beds in hospitals for treatment of acute illnesses appears to be accompanied by a corresponding decrease in their use as a "dumping ground" for the indigent and unwanted.
A Phylogenomic Approach to Resolve the Basal Pterygote Divergence
Authors: S. Simon, S. Strauss, A. von Haeseler, H. Hadrys
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

One of the most fascinating Bauplan transitions in the animal kingdom was the invention of insect wings, a change that also contributed to the success and enormous diversity of this animal group. However, the origin of insect flight and the relationships of basal winged insect orders are still controversial. Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the phylogeny of winged insects: 1) the traditional Palaeoptera hypothesis (Ephemeroptera + Odonata, Neoptera), 2) the Metapterygota hypothesis (Ephemeroptera, Odonata + Neoptera), and 3) the Chiastomyaria hypothesis (Odonata, Ephemeroptera + Neoptera). Neither phylogenetic analyses of single genes nor even multiple marker systems (e.g., molecular markers + morphological characters) have yet been able to conclusively resolve basal pterygote divergences. A possible explanation for the lack of resolution is that the divergences took place in the mid-Devonian within a short period of time and attempts to solve this problem have been confounded by the major challenge of finding molecular markers to accurately track these short ancient internodes. Although phylogenomic data are available for Neoptera and some wingless (apterygote) orders, they are lacking for the crucial Odonata and Ephemeroptera orders. We adopt a multigene approach including data from two new expressed sequence tag projects—from the orders Ephemeroptera (Baetis sp.) and Odonata (Ischnura elegans)—to evaluate the potential of phylogenomic analyses in clarifying this unresolved issue. We analyzed two data sets that differed in represented taxa, genes, and overall sequence lengths: maxspe (15 taxa, 125 genes, and 31,643 amino acid positions) and maxgen (8 taxa, 150 genes, and 42,541 amino acid positions). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses both place the Odonata at the base of the winged insects. Furthermore, statistical hypotheses testing rejected both the Palaeoptera and the Metapterygota hypotheses. The comprehensive molecular data set developed here provides conclusive support for odonates as the most basal winged insect order (Chiastomyaria hypothesis). Data quality assessment indicates that proteins involved in cellular processes and signaling harbor the most informative phylogenetic signal.
Malignant atrophic papulosis
Authors: Klaus Wolff
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Malignant atrophic papulosis Get access Klaus Wolff Klaus Wolff Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, A.6020 Innsbruck, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 101, Issue 6, 1 December 1979, Page 734, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb05659.x Published: 01 December 1979
Quadriplegia, Hypopotassemia, and Hyperchloremic Acidosis after Bilateral Ureterosigmoidostomy
Authors: John F. Loughlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE occurrence of hyperchloremic acidosis after bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy has been reported frequently and has caused much medical interest and many changes in surgical technics.1 2 3 The underlying physiologic features that account for this picture center around two general concepts. The first concerns intestinal absorption of urinary constituents and selective absorption of chloride, sodium and chloride as sodium chloride and ammonium and chloride, and the second abnormalities in function of the renal tubules. According to Lapides2 such abnormalities do not occur if renal function is good. In some cases with presumably normal preoperative renal function hyperchloremic acidosis has developed postoperatively, and a . . .
Closing the research loop: a risk-based approach for communicating results of air pollution exposure studies.
Authors: Devon C Payne-Sturges, Margo Schwab, Timothy J Buckley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Communities have long been concerned about the environmental health and environmental quality of their neighborhoods. Community-based exposure assessments have the potential to be an effective way to address these concerns. The success of such studies depends critically on the effective translation and communication of study results back to the study participants and the community. In this article we describe the communication approach applied as part of the South Baltimore Community Exposure Study. Specifically, in conjunction with collecting measurements, we asked the community to define questions they wanted answered and the way in which they wanted to receive study results. To meet their needs, we applied the risk assessment framework. The approach we developed helped residents interpret exposure assessment measurements and gave them the raw materials to effect change in their community. The risk-based approach to presenting participant and community results provides the means to move beyond traditional reporting of concentration values in three important ways. First, risk takes into consideration toxicity, thereby enabling a dialogue about community health concerns. Second, risk provides a common denominator so that exposure and risk can be compared and priorities identified. Third, exposure and risk can be summed, thereby meeting the community's need for information regarding cumulative exposure. This approach may be a useful model for other researchers conducting exposure assessments in response to community concerns.
787. Cationic Lipids Improve Transfection Efficacy of Recombinant Replication Deficient Adenovirus in Cutaneous Cells
Authors: Frank Jacobsen, Tobias Hirsch, Dominik Mittler, Hans Ulrich Steinau, Lars Steinstraesser
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Introduction: The use of replication deficient adenovirus vectors for the delivery of therapeutic genes to treat human disease has progressed rapidly in the last ten years. The aim of this study was to evaluate and optimize the adenoviral vector system as a means of drug delivery system into epithelial cells of the skin to promote wound healing.
Peter Gratton Parry
Authors: David Gratton Parry
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Former general practitioner Porthmadog, Gwynedd (b 1935; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1958), died from metastatic prostate cancer on 1 September 2006.

After house jobs in Bangor, Peter Gratton Parry entered general practice training in northeast England before returning to practise in Wales. He was a singlehanded practitioner for five years in Maerdy, a coal mining village, where he supervised over 120 home deliveries a year. He took over a practice in Porthmadog in 1970, consulting in English and Welsh. Because of the rural nature of the practice he set up his own radio communication system, equipped his car with green lights and foghorns, and was at the forefront of immediate care, known locally as the “flying doctor.” He retired owing to ill health in 1984. He leaves a wife, Margaret; four children; and eight grandchildren.
Preclinical activity, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic properties of a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, ACY-1215, in combination with bortezomib in multiple myeloma
Authors: Loredana Santo, Teru Hideshima, Andrew L. Kung, Jen-Chieh Tseng, David Tamang, Min Yang, Matthew Jarpe, John H. van Duzer, Ralph Mazitschek, Walter C. Ogier, Diana Cirstea, Scott Rodig, Homare Eda, Tyler Scullen, Miriam Canavese, James Bradner, Kenneth C. Anderson, Simon S. Jones, Noopur Raje
Journal: Blood (2012)
Mean Corpuscular Volume and Anemia
Authors: Paul J. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The report by Charles A. Hall, MD (1981;245:1144), calls attention to the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as a readily available, but frequently unnoticed, diagnostic aid in pernicious anemia.  The elevated MCV may be also a first clue to the diagnosis of another anemia, the hemolytic anemia. It can call the attention of the astute observer to a reticulocytosis, the hallmark of that disease. Here again, the MCV information becomes available as part of a routine order for another test, the hemoglobin value. Since a test for the MCV was not ordered, it often is treated as throwaway information. In our part of the country, with its senior citizen population, there is almost a typical scenario: An elderly patient is brought to the hospital emergency room with a cut on the forehead after a fall. Tests to determine hemoglobin and hematocrit values are performed and are found to