tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of Association Between Autism and<i>SLC25A12</i>
Authors: Raquel Rabionet, Jacob L. McCauley, Ph.D., James M. Jaworski, M.P.H., Allison E. Ashley-Koch, Eden R. Martin, James S. Sutcliffe, Jonathan L. Haines, G. Robert DeLong, Ruth K. Abramson, Harry H. Wright, Michael L. Cuccaro, John R. Gilbert, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Autism has a strong, complex genetic component, most likely involving several genes. Multiple genomic screens have shown evidence suggesting linkage to chromosome 2q31–q33, which includes the SLC25A12 gene. Recently, an association between autism risk and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC25A12 was reported. This study aimed to test for association in SLC25A12 in an independent data set of 327 families with autistic offspring. Method: The authors analyzed two SNPs that were significant in the previous study group, as well as seven additional SNPs within the gene. Association analyses for individual SNPs as well as haplotypes were performed. Results: There was no evidence of an association between SLC25A12 and autism. Conclusions: These results suggest that SLC25A12 is not a major contributor to autism risk in these families.
Attractin Is Elevated in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Malignant Astrocytoma and Mediates Glioma Cell Migration
Authors: Fatima W. Khwaja, Jonathan S. Duke-Cohan, Daniel J. Brat, Erwin G. Van Meir
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: There are a limited number of noninvasive methods available for the monitoring of neoplastic disease in the central nervous system. The goal of our study was to find reliable markers that could be used for disease monitoring as well as to identify new targets for the therapeutic intervention for malignant astrocytoma (WHO grades 3 and 4). Experimental Design: We employed proteomic techniques to identify secreted proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid that were specific to patients with malignant astrocytoma. Results: Among 60 cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with various central nervous system diseases, attractin was consistently found to be elevated in the samples of patients with malignant astrocytoma. To independently validate these results, we examined attractin expression in a new set of 108 normal and tumoral brain tissue specimens and found elevated expression in 97% of malignant astrocytomas, with the highest levels in grade 4 tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, we further showed that attractin is produced and secreted by the tumor cells. Finally, we showed that cerebrospinal fluid from brain tumor patients induces glioma cell migration and that attractin is largely responsible for this promigratory activity. Conclusions: Our results find attractin to be a reliable secreted marker for high-grade gliomas. Additionally, our migration studies suggest that it may be an important mediator of tumor invasiveness, and thus, a potential target in future therapies.
Health facilities in Georgia have been attacked
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Georgian Medical Association has appealed for help in the crisis created by the recent conflict with Russia. It has complained that doctors, ambulances, and medical facilities have been attacked in an indiscriminate campaign that has also seen civilians killed by cluster munitions.

Levan Labauri, the association’s secretary general, said that doctors had been “working under the permanent air attacks of Russian jets, even in the capital city, Tbilisi. Some of our physicians [have been] killed and severely injured and hospitals destroyed. It is a really catastrophic situation.”

The continuing occupation of the city of Gori by Russian troops had made it impossible …
Specificity of cytotoxicity T cells directed to influenza virus hemagglutinin.
Authors: T J Braciale
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Purified type A influenza viral hemagglutinin stimulates an in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxic cell response that exhibits a high degree of specificity for the immunizing hemagglutinin. The response magnitude is proportional to the hemagglutinin dose used for stimulation. The lytic activity of the effector cells is H-2 restricted. Analysis of the specificity of the response indicated that these cytotoxic T cells readily distinguish target cells expressing serologically unrelated hemagglutinin from target cells bearing hemagglutinins serologically related to the stimulating hemagglutinin. Further analysis of the fine specificity of cytotoxic T-cell recognition with serologically cross-reactive type A influenza hemagglutinins revealed a hierarchy of cross-reactivity among these hemagglutinins that was the converse of the serologic hierarchy. These results are discussed in terms of possible differences and similarities in the specificity repertoire of cytotoxic T cells and antibodies. Possible implications of these findings from the standpoint of cytotoxic T-cell induction are also discussed.
Resection for bronchial carcinoma in the elderly
Authors: E. W. T. Evans
Journal: Thorax (1973)

The results of surgery for carcinoma of the bronchus among an elderly population are reviewed in relation to the total number of cases seen. Although there is a 20% operative hospital mortality, nevertheless a survival rate of 39% for four years makes surgery in the elderly worthwhile. The span of life in untreated cases is even less than in the younger age groups.
Regulation of forearm lipolysis in different types of obesity. In vivo evidence for adipocyte heterogeneity.
Authors: M D Jensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Forearm and systemic adipose tissue free fatty acid (FFA) release was measured in eight nonobese, six lower-body obese, and eight upper-body obese women under basal, hyperinsulinemic, and hypoinsulinemic conditions to determine whether forearm fat is regulated in a similar manner as whole body fat. Results: Adipose tissue palmitate release was greater from forearm than whole body (5.97 +/- 0.75 vs. 3.84 +/- 0.34 mumol.kg fat-1.min-1, respectively, P less than 0.005, n = 22 subjects). Systemic palmitate release, relative to fat mass, was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater in nonobese than upper-body obese, and upper-body obese than lower-body obese women, and forearm adipose tissue palmitate release followed the same pattern. Hyperinsulinemia suppressed systemic and forearm lipolysis to similar degrees, however, hypoinsulinemia consistently increased systemic palmitate flux without increasing forearm palmitate release. These results confirm the heterogeneity of adipose tissue in an in vivo model and emphasize the need to consider which adipose tissue depots are responsible for the differences in systemic FFA flux in obese and nonobese humans.
Pneumococcal vaccination: Effects on exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Marcela Alves, Fernando Lundgren, Carolina Caribé, Isaac Secundo, Simone Marrocos, Juliana Accioly, Marta Lima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Pneumococcal infection(PI) in COPD patients leads to exacerbation and aggravation in its morbidity. Vaccines have been used to prevent invasive PI. Thus, it is of great clinical relevance to assess the association betweenvaccination and the number of exacerbations in COPD patients.  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether patients with COPD who underwent pneumococcal vaccination have fewer exacerbations compared to not vaccinated.  Cross-sectional and retrospective study.  Patients enrolled at the clinic of COPD outpatient respiratory clinic from December 2011 to July 2012.  200 patients with COPD were interviewed, 133 had informed use of pneumococcal vaccine on least year. 36 had been vaccinated, 97 had not. Was verified that the number of exacerbations patients experienced the previous year. How exacerbation in the previous year was understood: the demand for emergency change in the patients usual symptoms, use of antibiotics and / or systemic corticosteroids with or do not need hospitalization  RESULTS: Crossing the pneumococcal vaccine to the presence of exacerbation in the previous year found a tiny positive relationship (0.066) without statistical significance (p = 0.518).  CONCLUSION: This study found no statistically significant difference in the number of exacerbations in COPD patients vaccinated or unvaccinated.
Direct-Current Countershock Without Anesthesia
Authors: A. Beryl Farfel
Journal: JAMA (1967)

IN 1962, Lown, Amarasingham, and Neuman<sup>1</sup>introduced synchronized direct-current capacitance discharge in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. The efficacy of cardioversion has been clearly demonstrated. An initial limitation of the method was the requirement of general anesthesia. Stock<sup>2</sup>first suggested that in view of the brief duration of the shock (2.5 msec), cardioversion could be done safely without undue discomfort in the absence of anesthesia. The purpose of this communication is to present experience with electrical countershock, at the US Army General Hospital, Landstuhl, Germany, between May 1965 and May 1966, and in particular, its use without anesthesia. <h3>Methods</h3> The Lown "Cardioverter"<sup>3</sup>was used. Patients were selected for elective conversion only if clinical evaluation suggested it would be beneficial and there was a good probability of maintaining sinus rhythm once reverted. Each patient had had at least one previous attempt at reversion by pharmacological means. Treatment with
Therapeutic education sessions better than motivation session in dependant smokers none ready to quit
Authors: Bertrand Dautzenberg, Margaret Zaleski-Zamenhof, Marie-Dominique Dautzenberg, Agnès Delrieu, Joseph Osman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Tobacco dependence is mainly a chronic relapsing disease acquired by a behavior during adolescent period. motivation is always welcome, BUT smoking cessation had to be initiated in all smokers nevertheless they are or not motivated to quit.  After having tested in situation of elective surgery, we assess at workplace replacement of motivational session by therapeutic educational sessions to increase the standard of 20% accrual after awareness session based on a two years experience.   Methods:  In a company of 600 employees, the management wishes to provide assistance to smokers before a total ban. In agreement with the management, will focus on learning to smoking cessation and not on motivation to quit  After a collective awareness, individual therapeutic information is offered to all smokers without taking into account the motivation to quit.   Results:  Of 600 employees 180 are smokers (30%). 130 are coming to awareness sessions (72%). The 130 have requested a measurement of CO in the session (100%). 120 attended the educational therapy session (92%) At the end of educational therapy session it was proposed to follow up smokers to stop in 6 face-to-face sessions. 110 smokers were enrolled (92%), 98 immediately, 12 later.  The smoking cessation sessions were conducted by 4 tobacco specialists with usual success rate.   Conclusions:  Proposing therapeutic education instead of motivational interview in smoker who don9t initially request to stop to smoke increase dramatically the number of patient making an attempt to quit (from 20% to 85%). Smoking cessation had to be the decision of health professional and not only the choice of the patient.
Rheumatology in Rasigueres, 1989.
Authors: J. A. Mathews
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Anamur Castle goodbye to the enormously helpful doctor, who had to return to his ship and advise my wife, I was put into a five bed ward, with more painkillers for supper. Black market nursingNext day my wife arrived with our luggage and more assurances that everything would be looked after, medically and financially, by the cruise company.The English speaking surgeon then told us about the hospital regime.The main item was that the hospital would provide medical and surgical treatment but everything else was the responsibility of the patient and his family.So nursing care, day and night, would fall on my wife.So where could she be accommodated?A hard kitchen chair by each bed was indicated.Further, my wife must buy in the town (15 km away, where the agent had found her a modest hotel) medicines (a list was produced), washing materials such as basin and towel, and soap, and any food and drink beyond the basic, unappetising one course meals brought round on a trolley in the corridor.Bed, bedpan, and urine bottle
MRI synovitis and bone lesions are common in acute gouty arthritis of the wrist even during the first attack
Authors: M. A. Cimmino, G. Zampogna, M. Parodi, R. Andracco, F. Barbieri, F. Paparo, G. Ferrero, G. Garlaschi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Gouty arthritis (GA), a recurrent arthritis induced by precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, has a 1.4% prevalence.1 2 The hands are affected in 24.7% of patients3 often with long-standing and diuretic-induced disease. Imaging can help in the differential diagnosis of GA and in understanding its pathogenic mechanisms. MRI has been mainly used to evaluate tophi4; information on synovitis, bone marrow oedema (BME) and erosions is scanty.

Eight patients affected by acute GA involving the wrist were considered. Gout was diagnosed using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria5 and confirmed by the identification of MSU crystals in tophi or synovial fluid. Immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor (RF), anticyclic citrullinated protein (anti-CCP) antibodies, psoriasis or family history of psoriasis were absent. Gout patients were compared with eight patients with active (mean Disease Activity Score 28-CRP 5.78±0.95), RF and anti CCP antibodies positive, RA diagnosed according to the ACR criteria.6 All patients signed an informed consent. The study was approved by the local ethical committee.

MRI was performed during the …
Alternative Splicing of the <b> <i>Multidrug Resistance Protein 1/ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Subfamily</i> </b> Gene in Ovarian Cancer Creates Functional Splice Variants and Is Associated with Increased Expression of the Splicing Factors PTB and SRp20
Authors: Xiaolong He, P. L. Rachel Ee, John S. Coon, William T. Beck
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Overexpression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) confers resistance to a range of chemotherapeutic agents in cell lines and could be involved in clinical drug resistance of some tumor types also. We examined MRP1 expression in a small series of untreated human ovarian tumors and matched normal tissues. Experimental Design: We analyzed ten pairs of snap-frozen ovarian tumor and matched normal total ovarian tissues from the same patients for expression of MRP1 by reverse transcription-PCR. Amplified PCR products were sequenced to reveal splicing events of MRP1. MRP1 splice variants were expressed as enhanced green fluorescent fusion proteins in HEK293T cells to demonstrate their localization in the cell and their activity in conferring resistance to doxorubicin. The expression of splicing factors PTB and SRp20 was examined by Western blot. Results: MRP1 was expressed in all 10 of the pairs of specimens. Multiple MRP1 cDNA fragments of various sizes were amplified between exons 10 and 19. Of interest, more MRP1 cDNA fragments were detected in ovarian tumors than in matched normal tissues in 9 of 10 pairs. We identified 10 splicing forms between exons 10 and 19 of the MRP1 gene with exon skipping ranging from 1 to 7. Amplification of the entire coding region of MRP1 from 1 ovarian tumor revealed &amp;gt;20 splice variants. We found whole and partial exon skipping and partial intron inclusion in these splice variants. We expressed 3 of these MRP1 splice variants in HEK293T cells and found that they appeared to localize to the plasma membrane and were functional in conferring resistance to doxorubicin. In addition, we identified a few nucleotide variations in this gene. To understand the basis for increased splice variants in the tumors, we examined splicing factor expression in these tissues. Western blot analysis revealed that two splicing factors, PTB and SRp20, were overexpressed in most ovarian tumors compared with their matched normal ovarian tissues. Importantly, overexpression of both of these splicing factors was associated with the increased number of MRP1 splicing forms in the ovarian tissues. Conclusion: The MRP1 gene undergoes alternative splicing at a higher frequency in ovarian tumors than in matched normal tissues. Some of these splice variants confer resistance to doxorubicin. Expression of splicing factors PTB and SRp20 is strongly associated with the alternative splicing of the MRP1 gene.
Frozen shoulder: the effectiveness of conservative and surgical interventions—systematic review
Authors: M M Favejee, B M A Huisstede, B W Koes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Background A variety of therapeutic interventions is available for restoring motion and diminishing pain in patients with frozen shoulder. An overview article concerning the evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions is lacking. Objective To provide an evidence-based overview regarding the effectiveness of conservative and surgical interventions to treat the frozen shoulder. Methods The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Pedro were searched for relevant systematic reviews and randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies, assessed the methodological quality and extracted data. A best-evidence synthesis was used to summarise the results. Results Five Cochrane reviews and 18 RCTs were included studying the effectiveness of oral medication, injection therapy, physiotherapy, acupuncture, arthrographic distension and suprascapular nerve block (SSNB). Conclusions We found strong evidence for the effectiveness of steroid injections and laser therapy in short-term and moderate evidence for steroid injections in mid-term follow-up. Moderate evidence was found in favour of mobilisation techniques in the short and long term, for the effectiveness of arthrographic distension alone and as an addition to active physiotherapy in the short term, for the effectiveness of oral steroids compared with no treatment or placebo in the short term, and for the effectiveness of SSNB compared with acupuncture, placebo or steroid injections. For other commonly used interventions no or only limited evidence of effectiveness was found. Most of the included studies reported short-term results, whereas symptoms of frozen shoulder may last up to 4 years. High quality RCTs studying long-term results are clearly needed in this field.
Histopathologic Variability in Usual and Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonias
Authors: KEVIN R. FLAHERTY, WILLIAM D. TRAVIS, THOMAS V. COLBY, GALEN B. TOEWS, ELLA A. KAZEROONI, BARRY H. GROSS, ARVIND JAIN, ROBERT L. STRAWDERMAN, ANDREW FLINT, JOSEPH P. LYNCH, FERNANDO J. MARTINEZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Findings of surgical lung biopsy (SLB) are important in categorizing patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). We investigated whether histologic variability would be evident in SLB specimens from multiple lobes in patients with IIP. SLBs from 168 patients, 109 of whom had multiple lobes biopsied, were reviewed by three pathologists. A diagnosis was assigned to each lobe. A different diagnosis was found between lobes in 26% of the patients. Patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in all lobes were categorized as concordant for UIP (n = 51) and those with UIP in at least one lobe were categorized as discordant for UIP (n = 28). Patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) in all lobes were categorized as having fibrotic (n = 25) or cellular NSIP (n = 5). No consistent distribution of lobar histology was noted. Patients concordant for UIP were older (63 ± 9 [mean ± SD] yr; p < 0.05 as compared with all other groups) than those discordant for UIP (57 ± 12 yr) or with fibrotic NSIP (56 ± 11 yr) or cellular NSIP (50 ± 9 yr). Semiquantitative high-resolution computed tomography demonstrated a varied profusion of fibrosis (p < 0.05 for all group comparisons), with more fibrosis in concordant UIP (2.13 ± 0.62) than in discordant UIP (1.42 ± 0.73), fibrotic NSIP (0.83 ± 0.58), or cellular NSIP (0.44 ± 0.42). Survival was better for patients with NSIP than for those in both UIP groups (p < 0.001), although survival in the two UIP groups was comparable (p = 0.16). Lobar histologic variability is frequent in patients with IIP, patients with a histologic pattern of UIP in any lobe should be classified as having UIP.
Induction of Morphological and Biochemical Apoptosis following Prolonged Mitotic Blockage by Halichondrin B Macrocyclic Ketone Analog E7389
Authors: Galina Kuznetsov, Murray J. Towle, Hongsheng Cheng, Takanori Kawamura, Karen TenDyke, Diana Liu, Yoshito Kishi, Melvin J. Yu, Bruce A. Littlefield
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract E7389, a macrocyclic ketone analog of the marine natural product halichondrin B, currently is undergoing clinical trials for cancer. This fully synthetic agent exerts its highly potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanisms, which are similar or identical to those of parental halichondrin B. In an attempt to understand the impressive potency of E7389 in animal models of human cancer, its ability to induce apoptosis following prolonged mitotic blockage was evaluated. Treatment of U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cells with E7389 led to time-dependent collection of cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle, beginning as early as 2 h and becoming maximal by 12 h. Increased numbers of hypodiploid events were seen beginning at 12 h, suggesting initiation of apoptosis after prolonged E7389-induced mitotic blockage. The identity of hypodiploid events as apoptotic cells under these conditions was confirmed by two additional morphologic criteria: green to orange/yellow shifts on acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, and cell surface annexin V binding as assessed by flow cytometry. Several biochemical correlates of apoptosis also were seen following E7389 treatment, including phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, cytochrome c release from mitochondria, proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and -9, and cleavage of the caspase-3 substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, treatment with E7389 also led to generation of hypodiploid cells, activation of caspase-3 and -9, and appearance of cleaved PARP, indicating that E7389 can activate cellular apoptosis pathways under anchorage-independent and -dependent cell culture conditions. These results show that prolonged mitotic blockage by E7389 can lead to apoptotic cell death of human cancer cells in vitro and can provide a mechanistic basis for the significant in vivo anticancer efficacy of E7389.