tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF IN VIVO AND IN VITRO METHODS OF IDENTIFYING HUMAN EPIDERMAL CELLS IN DNA SYNTHESIS
Authors: ELIZABETH HELL, HOWARD MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— For identifying epidermal cells in DNA synthesis there are 2 rather different methods in use: subcutaneous injection of 3H thymidine in vivo, and short term incubation of skin slices with 3H thymidine in vitro. A direct comparison of these methods on the skin of the same individuals at the same times shows little difference in the results obtained. If anything, the in vivo method is slightly more sensitive.
Subtyping of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Comparison of Small Biopsy and Cytology Specimens
Authors: Carlie S. Sigel, Andre L. Moreira, William D. Travis, Maureen F. Zakowski, Raymond H. Thornton, Gregory J. Riely, Natasha Rekhtman
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Inactive form of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B in patients with primary renal tubular acidosis.
Authors: T Kondo, N Taniguchi, K Taniguchi, I Matsuda, M Murao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Evidence was found for an inactive form of carbonic anhydrase type B in the erythrocytes of two children with primary renal tubular acidosis. The addition of zinc chloride to hemolysates from these patients resulted in a marked increase in the activity of this enzyme. No such effect was noted with hemolysates of control subjects. No significant differences were observed in the zinc levels of hemolysates of these patients and of normal individuals. However, the level of zinc in the carbonic anhydrase B isolated from one of these patients was low, suggesting a modified form of the enzyme. The restoration of activity upon the addition of zinc was reversed by ethylenediamine tetraacetate, but no such effects were noted for the carbonic anhydrase B of normal individuals. Thus the abnormal carbonic anhydrase B has decreased zinc binding. The ultraviolet difference spectrum of the carbonic anhydrase B of normal individuals and that of a patient showed a peak at 305 nm which decreased upon the addition of zinc. The abnormal form of carbonic anhydrase B was not distinguishable from that of normal individuals by either immunological or electrophoretic criteria.
A Discussion of Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy
Authors: Paul J. Lioy, Kirk R. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

The National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences recently published the report Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. The expert committee undertaking this report included expertise from ecology, chemistry, exposure science, toxicology, public health, bioethics, engineering, medicine, and policy.Our aim is to inform members of the scientific community in fields aligned with environmental and public health so they are more able to appreciate the full breadth of the vision and understand the framework developed in order to move the vision forward.Although the NRC report was commissioned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, it is solely the consensus product of the independent volunteer committee, whose findings were subject to the rigorous peer-review procedures of the NRC. In addition to reviewing the history and current status of exposure science, the report lays out a vision for the future and makes recommendations that include both short-term and long-term milestones.To accomplish the vision presented in the NRC report, resources will be needed to complete studies, develop and use analyses of exposure, and build databases associated with individual and population exposures, as well as to train the next generation of exposure scientists. Important excerpts as well as paraphrased statements from the report appear in this commentary; however, the general observations and comments are our own.
Molecular analysis of the beta-thalassemia phenotype associated with inheritance of hemoglobin E (alpha 2 beta2(26)Glu leads to Lys).
Authors: E J Benz, B W Berman, B L Tonkonow, E Coupal, T Coates, L A Boxer, A Altman, J G Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Inheritance of the gene for betaE-globin is associated with hypochromia and microcytosis, reminiscent of typical heterozygous beta-thalassemia. Patients with hemoglobin (Hb)E-beta-thalassemia exhibit clinical phenotypes of severe beta-thalassemia, a circumstance not encountered in other compound heterozygous states for structural beta-chain mutations and beta-thalassemia. We have analyzed the kinetics of globin synthesis and the levels of globin messenger (m) RNA accumulation in patients with Hb E-beta-thalassemia and Hb E trait. The initial rate of beta-globin synthesis (betaE/alpha=0.20-0.34) was less than expected on the basis of gene dosage, or comparable studies of other compound heterozygous states for beta-thalassemia and structurally abnormal beta-chains. betaE-globin synthesis was not only reduced during short-term incubations (1-5 min), but also remained relatively unchanged during long-term pulse or chase incubations up to 5h. Analysis of globin mRNA by cell-free translation and molecular hybridization confirmed that the unexpectedly low levels of betaE-globin synthesis were associated with comparable reduction in the levels of beta-globin mRNA. In Hb E-beta-thalassemia the betaA + betaE (alpha globin nRNA ratio observed were substantially lower than those obtained from reticulocytes of patients with heterozygous beta-thalassemia, or Hb S-betaO-thalassemia, while in Hb E trait, the betaA + betaE/alpha mRNA ratio was in the ranged observed for beta-thalassemia trait. The betaE-globin gene specifies reduced accumulation of betaE-globin mRNA, a property characteristic of other forms of beta-thalassemia. The beta-thalassemia phenotype associated with inheritance of Hb E is thus determined at the level of beta-globin mRNA metabolism.
Long-term outcome of anemic lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes without 5q deletion refractory to or relapsing after erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
Authors: C Kelaidi, S Park, R Sapena, O Beyne-Rauzy, V Coiteux, N Vey, A Stamatoullas, B Choufi, J Delaunay, M-P Gourin, S Cheze, C Ravoet, A Ferrant, M Escoffre-Barbe, L Aljassem, E Raffoux, R Itzykson, L Adès, F Dreyfus, P Fenaux
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Atherosclerosis in the Bantu
Authors: JACK P. STRONG, JOHN WAINWRIGHT, HENRY C. MCGILL
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The aortic lesions of atherosclerosis in Bantu, aged 1 to 40 years, have been studied in 241 autopsied cases from Durban, South Africa. The findings are compared with those from a similar study of white and Negro cases in New Orleans, La. The relationship of incidence and quantitative extent of aortic fatty streaks and fibrous plaques to race, environment, blood lipid levels, coagulation factors, and clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis is discussed.
Mortality from emergency bowel cancer surgery remains high
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Death rates after urgent and emergency surgery for colorectal cancer remain high despite a general improvement in the care of patients with bowel cancer, the latest figures for England and Wales show.

The 2011 national bowel cancer audit shows that the overall proportion of deaths within 30 days of surgery for colorectal cancer fell from 4% to 3.7% in the previous 12 month period. The percentage of deaths within 30 days for elective and scheduled surgery fell from 2.6% to 2.4% over the year.

However, the report, commissioned by the Department of Health for England and published by the NHS Information Centre, found that the death rate for urgent surgery remained static at 6% and that for emergency surgery rose from 10% to 11.2%.

Responding to the report, the Royal College of Surgeons and the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland called on the NHS to make more consultant time available for emergencies and for wider …
Increased circulating levels of thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in lung cancer patients
Authors: Osamu Hataji, Osamu Taguchi, Esteban Cesar Gabazza, Hisamichi Yuda, C.N. D'Alessandro‐Gabazza, Hajime Fujimoto, Yoichi Nishii, Tatsuya Hayashi, Koji Suzuki, Yukihiko Adachi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Impairment of fibrinolytic function plays an important role in the mechanism of thrombotic disorders in cancer patients. This study assessed the circulating level of thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in patients with lung cancer and its expression by several lung cancer cell lines. The plasma concentrations of thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor were significantly increased in lung cancer patients compared to healthy subjects. The concentration of thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor was particularly higher in patients with small cell carcinoma compared to those with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, and in cancer patients that responded to chemotherapy compared to non‐responders. In vitro studies showed more expression of thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in small cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma cell lines and more expression in lung cancer cell lines sensitive to anti‐cancer agents than in resistant cell lines. This study suggests that thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, in part secreted from lung cancer cells, may play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic disorders in lung cancer patients. Am. J. Hematol. 76:214–219, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigators widen inquiry into percutaneous angioplasty application
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Questions and answers continue to fly regarding the use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). One recent occasion was a session at the meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians in Chicago. Since, as Ronald E. Vlietstra, MB, ChB, noted, "most patients with symptomatic coronary disease have stenosis in more than one vessel," the question of treating multivessel disease arose. Vlietstra said that in an ongoing study (the first report of which appeared in<i>Mayo Clinic Proceedings</i>[1983;58:563-567]), his research group at the Mayo Clinic is examining the effectiveness—in terms of both success and safety—of PTCA for this purpose. Vlietstra, an associate professor of medicine at the Mayo Medical School, defined multivessel disease as 70% or greater stenosis in at least one major epicardial vessel, as well as 50% or greater stenosis in at least one other major vessel. Single vessel disease is defined by the first condition alone.
European Union clamps down on fake drugs
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The European parliament has overwhelmingly approved EU-wide legislation to prevent falsified medicines from entering the legal supply chain and being bought unwittingly by the general public. The law will cover internet sales, will introduce new measures to improve safety and traceability, and provides for penalties for any violations.

It is estimated that around 1% of medicinal products, particularly more innovative and lifesaving drugs, now legally sold to the European public are false. In other parts of the world the figure may be as high as 30%.

Regulators distinguish between falsified drugs, which misrepresent their identity, source, and history …
Alkaline Diuresis in Treatment of Aspirin Poisoning
Authors: G. Cumming, D. C. Dukes, G. Widdowson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The rate at which salicylates are removed from the body is augmented by making the urine alkaline (Morris and Graham, 1931). MacPherson, Milne, and Evans (1955) have shown that the production of an alkaline polyuria ensures a rapid removal of salicylate and suggest this as a method of treatment in patients with salicylate intoxication. Such a method has been widely used in children poisoned with salicylates, the serum salicylate level undergoing a 50% reduction in two to five hours without untoward side-effects. These results compare favourably with those obtained with exchange transfusion and haemodialysis (Oliver and Dyer, 1960 ; Whitten, Kesaree, and Goodwin, 1961).
TWO CASES OF TRISMUS NASCENTIUM SUCCESSFULLY TREATED BY TETANUS ANTITOXIN.
Authors: JACOB FRIEDMAN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Within the past five weeks I have had an opportunity of experimenting with tetanus antitoxin in the treatment of two cases of trismus nascentium. This disease of infancy has been almost uniformly fatal and, notwithstanding the fact that all kinds of treatment have been used, has thus far resisted every measure. On learning of the successful treatment of tetanus in the adult by the serum treatment, I determined to try the same remedy for the infantile disease. By reason of the extreme youth of the patient one has no guide as to the quantity of the serum to be used. As will be seen in the first case, knowing that the child would die under the ordinary plan of treatment, a large dose was used in the beginning, considering the weight of the child as compared with that of the adult, in which a full bottle is usually administered. In
Restrictive diastolic abnormalities identified by Doppler echocardiography in patients with thalassemia major.
Authors: P Spirito, G Lupi, C Melevendi, C Vecchio
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The consequences of transfusional iron overload on left ventricular diastolic filling have never been investigated systematically in patients with thalassemia major. In the present study, the pattern of left ventricular filling was assessed by Doppler echocardiography in 32 patients with thalassemia major (age, 17 +/- 5 years) who had not experienced symptoms of heart failure and had normal left ventricular systolic function. Data were compared with those obtained in 32 age-matched and sex-matched normal subjects. An abnormal Doppler pattern of left ventricular filling with increased flow velocity at mitral valve opening followed by an abrupt and premature decrease of flow velocity in early diastole was identified in the patients with thalassemia. Peak flow velocity in early diastole was increased in patients compared with controls (90 +/- 10 vs. 81 +/- 15 cm/sec; p less than 0.01), and rate of deceleration of flow velocity after the early diastolic peak and the ratio between the early and late (atrial) peaks of flow velocity were also increased (1,050 +/- 325 vs. 762 +/- 193 cm/sec2 and 2.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.5, respectively; p less than 0.001), whereas flow velocity deceleration time was reduced (97 +/- 22 vs. 119 +/- 19 msec; p less than 0.001). This Doppler pattern of diastolic filling is usually described as "restrictive" and reflects a decrease in left ventricular chamber compliance. A restrictive pattern of left ventricular filling was also identified in the subgroup of 16 study patients who had undergone optimal iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synbiotic therapy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: J E D Mawdsley
Journal: Gut (2005)

We read with interest the article by Furrie and colleagues ( Gut 2005; 54 :242–9). While we believe this approach represents a very interesting advance in our understanding of aspects of the mucosal response to synbiotic therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC), we would like to raise some questions about the design of the study, which relate in particular to the conclusion that the synbiotic cocktail produces some improvement in disease activity in UC.

Five patients were taking steroids, and six patients were taking immunosuppressants in each of the active treatment and placebo groups (see table 2). …
936-83 Chronic Estradiol Treatment of Rabbits with Cardiac Allografts Attenuates Graft Vascular Proliferation Induced by Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Authors: Hong Lou, Teruaki Kodama, Nevin Katz, Marie Foegh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The organic matrix of gallstones
Authors: D. J. Sutor, S. E. Wooley
Journal: Gut (1974)

Dissolution of gallstones consisting of cholesterol, calcium carbonate, or calcium phosphate in different solvents left an amorphous organic gel-like substance (the matrix). Matrix from cholesterol stones could be colourless but was usually orange, yellow, or brown while that from calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate stones was almost invariably coloured black or dark brown. These pigments were also shown to be organic and amorphous. The amount of matrix present and its structure varied with the texture of the crystalline material. Irrespective of their composition, laminated pieces of material yielded compact laminated matrix of the same shape as the original piece and areas of loose crystalline material gave small pieces of non-cohesive matrix. Only large cholesterol crystals which usually radiate from the stone nucleus had no associated matrix.
The paradox of the missing function: How similar is moral mutualism to biofunctional understanding?
Authors: Asghar Iran-Nejad, Fareed Bordbar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We explain here how the natural selection theory of people's mutualistic sense of fairness and the biofunctional theory of human understanding are made for each other. We welcome the stage that the target article has already set for this convergence, and invite the authors to consider moving the two independently developed approaches a step closer to the natural selection level of biofunctional understanding.
Hospital admissions and exercise capacity decline in patients with COPD
Authors: Maria A Ramon, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Jaume Ferrer, Eva Balcells, Esther Rodríguez, Jordi de Batlle, Federico P Gómez, Jaume Sauleda, Antoni Ferrer, Joan A Barberà, Alvar Agustí, Joaquim Gea, Robert Rodriguez-Roisin, Josep M Antó, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Exercise capacity declines with time and is an important determinant of health status and prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesised that hospital admissions are associated with exercise capacity decline in these patients. Clinical and functional variables were collected for 342 clinically stable COPD patients. The 6-min walk distance (6MWD) was determined at baseline and after a mean±sd of 1.7±0.3 years. Information on hospitalisations during follow-up was obtained from centralised administrative databases. Linear regression was used to model changes in exercise capacity. Patients were mostly male (92%), with mean±sd age 67.9±8.6 years, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s 54±17% predicted and baseline 6MWD 433±93 m. During follow-up, 6MWD decreased by 21.9±51.0 m·year<sup>−1</sup> and 153 (45%) patients were hospitalised at least once. Among patients admitted only for COPD-related causes (50% of those ever admitted), the proportion presenting a clinically significant loss of 6MWD was higher than in patients admitted for only nonrespiratory conditions (53% <i>versus</i> 29%, p=0.040). After adjusting for confounders, annual 6MWD decline was greater (26 m·year<sup>−1</sup>, 95% CI 13–38 m·year<sup>−1</sup>; p&lt;0.001) in patients with more than one all-cause hospitalisation per year, as compared with those with no hospitalisations. Hospitalisations are related to a greater decline in exercise capacity in COPD.
Postural Hypotension Induced by Atropine Sulfate
Authors: MARTIN H. KALSER, CHARLES W. FRYE, ARCHER S. GORDON
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Previous tests on the use of large doses of atropine for the treatment of anticholinesterase poisoning have revealed postural hypotension following the administration of 2 mg. of this drug. In this study on 78 normal adult males, the cardiovascular responses to positional change after 2 mg. atropine have been measured and the mechanisms elucidated. Blood pressure response to tilting was normal during control and placebo phases, but showed a profound alteration after atropine.
Seven doctors accused of failing to monitor health of addicted patients
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Seven doctors from a private addiction clinic were accused this week by the General Medical Council of prescribing too many drugs and of failing to adequately monitor their patients' health.

Dr Colin Brewer, now retired, and his former colleagues at the Stapleford Centre, based in London and Essex, are also accused of failing to ensure that patients took the drugs themselves, rather than selling them on.

In addition, Dr Brewer is accused of seeking to interfere with potential witnesses to the GMC's Professional Conduct Committee. It is alleged that he wrote to Professor John Strang of the National Addiction Centre and Dr …
Combined treatment by trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and us-guided percutaneous radiofrequency termal ablation (RF) of medium large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: P. Pedrazzini, G. Cioni, F. Turrini, A. Ferrari, M. de Santis, G. Luppi, E. Ventura
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Hyperparathyroidism and the Calcium Paradox of Aldosteronism
Authors: Vikram S. Chhokar, Yao Sun, Syamal K. Bhattacharya, Robert A. Ahokas, Linda K. Myers, Zhiqing Xing, Richard A. Smith, Ivan C. Gerling, Karl T. Weber
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Aldosteronism may account for oxi/nitrosative stress, a proinflammatory phenotype, and wasting in congestive heart failure. We hypothesized that aldosterone/1% NaCl treatment (ALDOST) in rats enhances Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ excretion and leads to systemic effects, including bone loss. Methods and Results— At 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of ALDOST, we monitored Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ excretion, ionized [Ca 2+ ] o and [Mg 2+ ] o , parathyroid hormone and α 1 -antiproteinase activity in plasma, bone mineral density, bone strength, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and ventricular tissue, and lymphocyte H 2 O 2 production. A separate group received spironolactone (Spiro), an aldosterone receptor antagonist. Age- and gender-matched unoperated and untreated rats served as controls. ALDOST induced a marked ( P &lt;0.05) and persistent rise in urinary and fecal Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ excretion, a progressive reduction ( P &lt;0.05) in [Ca 2+ ] o and [Mg 2+ ] o , and an elevation in parathyroid hormone ( P &lt;0.05) with a fall ( P &lt;0.05) in bone mineral density and strength. An early, sustained increase ( P &lt;0.05) in PBMC Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ was found, together with an increase ( P &lt;0.05) in tissue Ca 2+ . Plasma α 1 -antiproteinase activity was reduced ( P &lt;0.05), whereas lymphocyte H 2 O 2 production was increased ( P &lt;0.05) at all time points. Spiro cotreatment attenuated ( P &lt;0.05) urinary and fecal Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ excretion, prevented the fall in [Ca 2+ ] o and [Mg 2+ ] o , rescued bone mineral density and strength, and prevented Ca 2+ overloading of PBMCs and cardiomyocytes. Conclusions— In aldosteronism, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ losses lead to a fall in [Ca 2+ ] o and [Mg 2+ ] o with secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone resorption. Ca 2+ overloading of PBMCs and cardiac tissue leads to oxi/nitrosative stress and a proinflammatory phenotype.
Characteristic features of insulin secretion in the streptozotocin-induced NIDDM rat model
Authors: Kazuo Tsuji, Tomohiko Taminato, Masaru Usami, Hitoshi Ishida, Norikazu Kitano, Hirofumi Fukumoto, Gyohan Koh, Takeshi Kurose, Yuichiro Yamada, Hideki Yano, Yutaka Seino, Hiroo Imura
Journal: Metabolism (1988)