tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toward an interpretation of dynamic neural activity in terms of chaotic dynamical systems
Authors: Ichiro Tsuda
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Using the concepts of chaotic dynamical systems, we present an interpretation of dynamic neural activity found in cortical and subcortical areas. The discovery of chaotic itinerancy in high-dimensional dynamical systems with and without a noise term has motivated a new interpretation of this dynamic neural activity, cast in terms of the high-dimensional transitory dynamics among “exotic” attractors. This interpretation is quite different from the conventional one, cast in terms of simple behavior on low-dimensional attractors. Skarda and Freeman (1987) presented evidence in support of the conclusion that animals cannot memorize odor without chaotic activity of neuron populations. Following their work, we study the role of chaotic dynamics in biological information processing, perception, and memory. We propose a new coding scheme of information in chaos-driven contracting systems we refer to as Cantor coding. Since these systems are found in the hippocampal formation and also in the olfactory system, the proposed coding scheme should be of biological significance. Based on these intensive studies, a hypothesis regarding the formation of episodic memory is given.
Moving Forward in HIV-Associated Cancer
Authors: Satish Gopal, Chad J. Achenbach, Elizabeth L. Yanik, Dirk P. Dittmer, Joseph J. Eron, Eric A. Engels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Cancer has been linked to HIV since the earliest days of the epidemic. The unusually frequent occurrence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 1981 was a sentinel observation leading to the inclusion of KS in the first AIDS case definition.1,2 More than three decades later, major research investments have led to striking advances in understanding HIV pathogenesis, with antiretroviral therapy (ART) reducing AIDS complications and allowing HIV-infected individuals to experience life expectancy approaching that of persons without HIV.3,4
Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Thomas J. Wang, Michael J. Pencina, Sarah L. Booth, Paul F. Jacques, Erik Ingelsson, Katherine Lanier, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Myles Wolf, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Vitamin D receptors have a broad tissue distribution that includes vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and cardiomyocytes. A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect the cardiovascular system, but data from longitudinal studies are lacking. Methods and Results— We studied 1739 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 59 years; 55% women; all white) without prior cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. Prespecified thresholds were used to characterize varying degrees of 25-OH D deficiency (&lt;15 ng/mL, &lt;10 ng/mL). Multivariable Cox regression models were adjusted for conventional risk factors. Overall, 28% of individuals had levels &lt;15 ng/mL, and 9% had levels &lt;10 ng/mL. During a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, 120 individuals developed a first cardiovascular event. Individuals with 25-OH D &lt;15 ng/mL had a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 2.36, P =0.01) for incident cardiovascular events compared with those with 25-OH D ≥15 ng/mL. This effect was evident in participants with hypertension (hazard ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 3.48) but not in those without hypertension (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 1.96). There was a graded increase in cardiovascular risk across categories of 25-OH D, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.36) for levels 10 to &lt;15 ng/mL and 1.80 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 3.08) for levels &lt;10 ng/mL ( P for linear trend=0.01). Further adjustment for C-reactive protein, physical activity, or vitamin use did not affect the findings. Conclusions— Vitamin D deficiency is associated with incident cardiovascular disease. Further clinical and experimental studies may be warranted to determine whether correction of vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Shared immunological targets in the lungs and joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: identification and validation
Authors: A Jimmy Ytterberg, Vijay Joshua, Gudrun Reynisdottir, Nataliya K Tarasova, Dorothea Rutishauser, Elena Ossipova, Aase Haj Hensvold, Anders Eklund, C Magnus Sköld, Johan Grunewald, Vivianne Malmström, Per Johan Jakobsson, Johan Rönnelid, Leonid Padyukov, Roman A Zubarev, Lars Klareskog, Anca I Catrina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Immunological events in the lungs might trigger production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies during early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the presence of shared immunological citrullinated targets in joints and lungs of patients with RA.Proteins extracted from bronchial (n=6) and synovial (n=7) biopsy specimens from patients with RA were investigated by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. One candidate peptide was synthesised and used to investigate by ELISA the presence of antibodies in patients with RA (n=393), healthy controls (n=152) and disease controls (n=236). HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles were detected in patients with RA.Ten citrullinated peptides belonging to seven proteins were identified, with two peptides shared between the synovial and bronchial biopsy samples. Further analysis, using accurate mass and retention time, enabled detection of eight citrullinated peptides in synovial and seven in bronchial biopsy specimens, with five peptides shared between the synovial and bronchial biopsy specimens. Two citrullinated vimentin (cit-vim) peptides were detected in the majority of synovial and lung tissues. Antibodies to a synthesised cit-vim peptide candidate (covering both cit-vim peptides identified in vivo) were present in 1.8% of healthy controls, 15% of patients with RA, and 3.4% of disease controls. Antibodies to cit-vim peptide were associated with the presence of the SE alleles in RA.Identical citrullinated peptides are present in bronchial and synovial tissues, which may be used as immunological targets for antibodies of patients with RA. The data provide further support for a link between lungs and joints in RA and identify potential targets for immunity that may mediate this link.
Cisplatin-topotecan-paclitaxel weekly administration with G-CSF support for ovarian and small-cell lung cancer patients: A dose-finding study
Authors: G. Frasci, N. Panza, P. Comella, G. Carteni, T. Guida, G.P. Nicolella, M. Natale, R. Lombardi, A. Apicella, C. Pacilio, A. Gravina, L. Lapenta, G. Comella
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
Cancer Vaccines: The Role of Tumor Burden in Tipping the Scale Toward Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Lupe G. Salazar, Mary L. Disis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Cancer vaccines have significant theoretical therapeutic advantages over more standard methods of cancer treatment. If a robust cellular immune response could be elicited, then immunologic memory could be long lasting, eradicatingcancerattimesquitedistantfrominitialtherapy.Tcells potentiallycanmigratetotumorsites,leavethevasculature, and invade tissues eradicating deep-seated disease at any metastatic site. Furthermore, T cells are extremely specific in their attack, as opposed to the generalized toxicities seen with some chemotherapies. Finally, as long as there is antigen available for T-cell recognition, T cells have the potential to continue to respond until disease is eradicated. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology, investigators fromWalterReedArmyMedicalCenter(Washington,DC) and the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) present data from a trial in which breast cancer patients were immunized with a vaccine targeting the HER-2/neu oncogenic protein to prevent disease relapse. 1
The Mediterranean Diet and Mortality — Olive Oil and Beyond
Authors: Frank B Hu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The concept of the Mediterranean diet originated from the Seven Countries Study initiated by Ancel Keys in the 1950s. The study showed that, despite a high fat intake, the population of the island of Crete in Greece had very low rates of coronary heart disease and certain types of cancer and had a long life expectancy. The traditional dietary patterns typical of Crete, much of the rest of Greece, and southern Italy in the early 1960s were considered to be largely responsible for the good health observed in these regions.1 The main characteristics of the Mediterranean diet (see Figure) include . . .
Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care.
Authors: J. E. Brazier, R. Harper, N. M. Jones, A. O'Cathain, K. J. Thomas, T. Usherwood, L. Westlake
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To test the acceptability, validity, and reliability of the short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and to compare it with the Nottingham health profile. DESIGN--Postal survey using a questionnaire booklet together with a letter from the general practitioner. Non-respondents received two reminders at two week intervals. The SF-36 questionnaire was retested on a subsample of respondents two weeks after the first mailing. SETTING--Two general practices in Sheffield. PATIENTS--1980 patients aged 16-74 years randomly selected from the two practice lists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Scores for each health dimension on the SF-36 questionnaire and the Nottingham health profile. Response to questions on recent use of health services and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS--The response rate for the SF-36 questionnaire was high (83%) and the rate of completion for each dimension was over 95%. Considerable evidence was found for the reliability of the SF-36 (Cronbach9s alpha greater than 0.85, reliability coefficient greater than 0.75 for all dimensions except social functioning) and for construct validity in terms of distinguishing between groups with expected health differences. The SF-36 was able to detect low levels of ill health in patients who had scored 0 (good health) on the Nottingham health profile. CONCLUSIONS--The SF-36 is a promising new instrument for measuring health perception in a general population. It is easy to use, acceptable to patients, and fulfils stringent criteria of reliability and validity. Its use in other contexts and with different disease groups requires further research.
Powerful strategy for polymerase chain reaction-based clonality assessment in T-cell malignancies Report of the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BHM4 CT98-3936
Authors: M Brüggemann, H White, P Gaulard, R Garcia-Sanz, P Gameiro, S Oeschger, B Jasani, M Ott, G Delsol, A Orfao, M Tiemann, H Herbst, A W Langerak, M Spaargaren, E Moreau, P J T A Groenen, C Sambade, L Foroni, G I Carter, M Hummel, C Bastard, F Davi, M-H Delfau-Larue, M Kneba, J J M van Dongen, K Beldjord, T J Molina
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
The Outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in the 20th Century
Authors: Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The present review addresses the outcome of anorexia nervosa and whether it changed over the second half of the 20th century. METHOD: A total of 119 study series covering 5,590 patients suffering from anorexia nervosa that were published in the English and German literature were analyzed with regard to mortality, global outcome, and other psychiatric disorders at follow-up. RESULTS: There were large variations in the outcome parameters across studies. Mortality estimated on the basis of both crude and standardized rates was significantly high. Among the surviving patients, less than one-half recovered on average, whereas one-third improved, and 20% remained chronically ill. The normalization of the core symptoms, involving weight, menstruation, and eating behaviors, was slightly better when each symptom was analyzed in isolation. The presence of other psychiatric disorders at follow-up was very common. Longer duration of follow-up and, less strongly, younger age at onset of illness were associated with better outcome. There was no convincing evidence that the outcome of anorexia nervosa improved over the second half of the last century. Several prognostic features were isolated, but there is conflicting evidence. Most clearly, vomiting, bulimia, and purgative abuse, chronicity of illness, and obsessive-compulsive personality symptoms are unfavorable prognostic features. CONCLUSIONS: Anorexia nervosa did not lose its relatively poor prognosis in the 20th century. Advances in etiology and treatment may improve the course of patients with anorexia nervosa in the future.
Extrahepatic Immunologic Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatitis C Virus Serotypes
Authors: Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To determine, using a serotyping assay, whether the occurrence of extrahepatic immunologic disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C is dependent on hepatitis C virus serotype.Prospective study.Liver unit and virology laboratory of a university hospital.59 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C.Hepatitis C virus serotype was determined using a recently developed immunoenzymatic assay that detects antibodies directed to serotype-specific immunodominant epitopes. Cryoglobulin, rheumatoid factor, and numerous antitissue antibodies were sought. Biopsies of labial salivary glands were done in 49 of the 59 patients.Prevalence was 59% for serotype 1, 10% for serotype 2, 12% for serotype 3, and 3% for mixed infection. Fifteen percent of patients could not be serotyped. Cryoglobulinemia was found in 36% of patients and rheumatoid factor was found in the serum of 71%. At least one antitissue antibody was found in the serum of 41% of patients; salivary gland biopsy showed lymphocytic capillaritis in 49% of patients. These immunologic abnormalities were seen in patients infected with any of the three serotypes, and prevalences of the abnormalities did not differ significantly among patients infected with different serotypes.We confirm that the prevalence of extrahepatic immunologic abnormalities is high in patients with chronic hepatitis C. These abnormalities may occur in patients infected with any of the three major hepatitis C virus serotypes now present in developed countries.
Connexin 47 Mutations Increase Risk for Secondary Lymphedema Following Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: David N. Finegold, Catherine J. Baty, Kelly Z. Knickelbein, Shelley Perschke, Sarah E. Noon, Diana Campbell, Jenny M. Karlsson, Diana Huang, Mark A. Kimak, Elizabeth C. Lawrence, Eleanor Feingold, Stephen D. Meriney, Adam M. Brufsky, Robert E. Ferrell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Secondary lymphedema is a frequent complication of breast cancer associated with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation following breast cancer treatment. The potential contribution of genetic susceptibility to risk of developing secondary lymphedema following surgical trauma, radiation, and other tissue insults has not been studied. Experimental Design: To determine whether women with breast cancer and secondary lymphedema had mutations in candidate lymphedema genes, we undertook a case–control study of 188 women diagnosed with breast cancer recruited from the University of Pittsburgh Breast Cancer Program (http://www.upmccancercenter.com/breast/index.cfm) between 2000 and 2010. Candidate lymphedema genes, GJC2 (encoding connexin 47 [Cx47]), FOXC2, HGF, MET, and FLT4 (encoding VEGFR3), were sequenced for mutation. Bioinformatics analysis and in vitro functional assays were used to confirm significance of novel mutations. Results: Cx47 mutations were identified in individuals having secondary lymphedema following breast cancer treatment but not in breast cancer controls or normal women without breast cancer. These novel mutations are dysfunctional as assessed through in vitro assays and bioinformatics analysis and provide evidence that altered gap junction function leads to lymphedema. Conclusions: Our findings challenge the view that secondary lymphedema is solely due to mechanical trauma and support the hypothesis that genetic susceptibility is an important risk factor for secondary lymphedema. A priori recognition of genetic risk (i) raises the potential for early detection and intervention for a high-risk group and (ii) allows the possibility of altering surgical approach and/or chemo- and radiation therapy, or direct medical treatment of secondary lymphedema with novel connexin-modifying drugs. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2382–90. ©2012 AACR.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index and the Reciprocal Index of Homeostasis Model Assessment in Normal Range Weight and Moderately Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hisayo Yokoyama, Masanori Emoto, Shigehiko Fujiwara, Koka Motoyama, Tomoaki Morioka, Miyoko Komatsu, Hideki Tahara, Tetsuo Shoji, Yasuhisa Okuno, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate whether the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and the reciprocal index of homeostasis model assessment (1/HOMA-IR) derived from fasting plasma glucose and insulin level are excellent surrogate indices of insulin resistance in both normal range-weight and moderately obese type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The association between QUICKI or 1/HOMA-IR and insulin resistance index assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (clamp-IR) was investigated in 121 type 2 diabetic and 29 healthy subjects recruited from among 120 (age 55 ± 11, 48 ± 15, and 52 ± 15 years [means ± SD], respectively). Type 2 diabetic subjects were divided into groups of 76 normal range-weight and 45 moderately obese subjects (BMI 21.4 ± 2.3 vs. 27.2 ± 2.2 kg/m2, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). RESULTS—QUICKI and 1/HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the moderately obese group than in the normal range-weight type 2 diabetic and healthy groups (n = 120) (QUICKI, 0.338 ± 0.030, 0.371 ± 0.037, and 0.389 ± 0.041, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.0001; 1/HOMA-IR, 0.50 ± 0.33, 0.92 ± 0.55, and 1.24 ± 0.82, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). QUICKI was strongly correlated with clamp-IR in normal range-weight, moderately obese type 2 diabetic, and healthy subjects (r = 0.641, 0.570, and 0.502, respectively; all subjects, r = 0.608, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and 1/HOMA-IR exhibited correlations comparable to those of QUICKI with clamp-IR (r = 0.637, 0.530, and 0.461, respectively; all subjects, r = 0.589, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In multiple regression models including QUICKI or 1/HOMA-IR as an independent variable, the estimation formula accounted for 55% of the variability of clamp-IR for the group of all type 2 diabetic subjects (R2 = 0.547 and 0.551, respectively, P ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—QUICKI and 1/HOMA-IR were highly correlated with clamp-IR, with comparable coefficients in both normal range-weight and moderately obese type 2 diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects. The latter can probably be applied clinically in view of its convenience.
T Helper 1 and T Helper 2 Cells Are Pathogenic in an Antigen-specific Model of Colitis
Authors: Nuzhat Iqbal, James R. Oliver, Frederic H. Wagner, Audrey J. Lazenby, Charles O. Elson, Casey T. Weaver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Dysregulated T cell responses to enteric bacteria have been implicated as a common mechanism underlying pathogenesis in rodent models of colitis. However, the bacterial species and T cell specificities that induce disease have been poorly defined. We have developed a model system in which target antigen, bacterial host, and corresponding T cell specificity are defined. OVA-specific T cells from DO11.RAG-2−/− TCR transgenic mice were transferred into RAG-2−/− recipients whose intestinal tracts were colonized with OVA-expressing or control Escherichia coli. Transfer of antigen-naive DO11.RAG-2−/− T cells into recipients colonized with OVA-E. coli resulted in enhanced intestinal recruitment and cell cycling of OVA-specific T cells; however, there was no development of disease. In contrast, transfer of polarized T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 populations resulted in severe wasting and colitis in recipients colonized with OVA-expressing but not control E. coli. The histopathologic features of disease induced by Th1 and Th2 transfers were distinct, but disease severity was comparable. Induction of disease by both Th1 and Th2 transfers was dependent on bacterially associated OVA. These results establish that a single bacterially associated antigen can drive the progression of colitis mediated by both Th1 and Th2 cells and provide a new model for understanding the immunoregulatory interactions between T cells responsive to gut floral antigens.
Prioritization of therapy uncertainties in congenital ichthyosis: results from a Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: A. Hernández-Martín, P. Dávila-Seijo, R. de Lucas, E. Baselga, P. Redondo, A. Martín-Santiago, J.M. Azaña-Defez, I. González-Viejo, L. Jiménez-Ferreres, M.A. González-Enseñat, M.I. Arroyo-Manzanal, J.M. Soria, I. Garcia-Doval
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)
Effects of muscle contraction and of adenosine on capillary transport and microvascular flow in dog skeletal muscle.
Authors: W N Durán
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The postarteriolar response of capillary transport and microvascular flow distribution to muscle contraction and to adenosine was measured by the indicator dilution technique in isolated dog gracilis muscles perfused with blood at controlled flows. A model of dual circulation was used to analyze the partition of microvascular flow. The extraction (E) of 125I-iodoantipyrine (IAp) served as an indicator of capillary flow whereas the capillary transport capacity coefficient (PSc) of 22Na was used to assess the changes in capillary surface area available for exchange. Muslce contraction produced by electrical stimulation of the motor nerve increased mean E-IAp from 0.94 +/- 0.03 (sd) to 0.95 +/- 0.01 and produced a 2.0- to 2.9-fold increase in PSc-Na. Intra-arterial adenosine produced results similar to those caused by muscle contraction. We conclude that (1) in resting muscle, most of the flow circulates through exchanging blood vessels and (2) in addition to the primary mechanisms of arteriolar vasodilatation, a substantial increase in the number of capillaries available for exchange of materials plays an important role in the adaptive response to increased metabolic demand.
Identification of Therapeutic Targets for Quiescent, Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Leukemia Stem Cells
Authors: Yoriko Saito, Hiroshi Kitamura, Atsushi Hijikata, Mariko Tomizawa-Murasawa, Satoshi Tanaka, Shinsuke Takagi, Naoyuki Uchida, Nahoko Suzuki, Akiko Sone, Yuho Najima, Hidetoshi Ozawa, Atsushi Wake, Shuichi Taniguchi, Leonard D. Shultz, Osamu Ohara, Fumihiko Ishikawa
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

CD32 and CD25, molecules specifically found in human leukemia stem cells, are promising targets for therapy.