tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Die laparoskopische Diagnose des primären Leberkarzinoms
Authors: L. Sáfrány
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

A total of 46 primary cancers of the liver was found in a survey of 673 peritoneoscopies performed between 1965–1969. The 41 hepatocellular, 4 cholangiocellular cancers and 1 primary hepatic melanoma observed in 36 men and 10 women arose in all but 2 cases in a cirrhotic liver. The peritoneoscopic appearance of the massive, nodular and diffuse forms of primary cancer of the liver is described and illustrated by photographs. The diagnosis is confirmed by directed biopsy. If difficulties are encountered in the histological evaluation of the liver biopsy specimens, autoradiographic observation of the rate of DNA synthesis by the liver cells and the electronmicroscopic examination of the tumour cells may be of considerable value. The findings point to the importance of peritoneoscopic investigation in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. On such examinations indices of primary liver cancer should be sought for and biopsy specimens should be taken from regions suspected to be tumourous.
The Darkening Cloud of Diabetes: Do trends in cardiovascular risk management provide a silver lining?
Authors: Dean T. Eurich, John-Michael Gamble, Scot H. Simpson, Jeffrey A. Johnson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We aimed to evaluate the changes in cardiovascular-related health care utilization (drug therapies, hospitalizations) and mortality for the diabetic population during a 9-year period in Saskatchewan, Canada.We identified annual diabetes prevalence rates for people aged >or=30 years between 1993 and 2001 from the administrative databases of Saskatchewan Health. Annual rates of evidence-based drug therapies (antihypertensives, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, 3-hydroxy-3-metaglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors [statins]), hospitalizations for cerebrovascular and cardiac events, and all-cause mortality were estimated. Rates were direct age and sex standardized using the 2001 Canadian population, and trends over time were assessed using Joinpoint regression.From 1993 to 2001, diabetes prevalence increased 34% (4.7-6.5%, P < 0.001) with the highest rates in men and those aged >or=65 years. The rate of increase in diabetes prevalence appeared to slow in those aged <65 years (P < 0.01 for trend). Significant increased use of evidence-based drug therapies was observed (41% increase in antihypertensive agents, 97% increase in ACE inhibitors, 223% increase in statin therapies; all P < 0.05 for trend). During this period, both cerebrovascular and cardiac-related hospitalizations declined by 36% (9.5 vs. 6.1 per 1,000) and 19% (38.0 vs. 30.6 per 1,000) (P < 0.05 for trends), respectively, with similar reductions regardless of sex. No change in all-cause mortality was observed (17.7 vs. 17.8 deaths per 1,000; P > 0.05).During our period of study, there was an increase in the utilization of evidenced-based drug therapies in people with diabetes and reductions in cardiovascular-related hospitalizations. Despite this, we observed no change in all-cause mortality.
THE IMPACT OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ON ADJUDICATION AND OUTCOMES IN CARDIOVASCULAR CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Ricardo Esquitin, Ashish Aneja, Kshitij A. Shah, Louai Razzouk, Devin M. Mann, Joseph S. Ross, Rupa Iyengar, Irfan U. Wali, Verghese Mathew, Michael E. Farkouh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Psoriasis as a side effect of beta blockers.
Authors: J Savola, O Vehvilainen, N Vaatainen
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Psoriasis as a side effect of i blockers Doctors have been slow to recognise some of the side effects of ,B blockers in clinical practice.The oculomucocutaneous syndrome induced by practolol was not detected until experience with the drug had totalled one million patient years.' The most common cutaneous reactions to 13 blockers other than practolol include psoriasiform, lichenoid, oreczematous skin reactions.2 13Blockade may also trigger true psoriasis.
Cloning and immuno-characterization of complete group 9 allergens from 3 major dust mites, Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophaoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: H.S. Shang, S.T. Ong, X.Z. Bi, L.C. Tsai, S.H. Lim, F.T. Chew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Importance of the Conal Branch of the Right Coronary Artery in Patients With Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction: Electrocardiographic and Angiographic Correlation
Authors: Tuvia Ben-Gal, Samuel Sclarovsky, Itzhak Herz, Boris Strasberg, Bruria Zlotikamien, Jaqueline Sulkes, Yochai Birnbaum, Galen S Wagner, Alex Sagie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Update in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma 2012
Authors: Charles A. Powell, Balazs Halmos, Serge P. Nana-Sinkam
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer-related death in the United States among both men and women.It is estimated that in 2013, there will be more than 200,000 new diagnoses of lung cancer and nearly 160,000 deaths (1).Despite the discovery and application of targeted therapies, the overall survival (OS) remains poor, with an overall 5-year survival approximating 16%.In addition, there are a growing number of cases among former smokers and never smokers.However, based on research advances in 2012, there is enthusiasm that improvements in early detection, coupled with tobacco cessation and the application of novel genetic and genomics technologies, will lead to improved outcomes.
The Role of Thiol Proteases in Tissue Injury and Remodeling
Authors: Harold A. Chapman, John S. Munger, Guo-Ping Shi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Human lung macrophages express all four of the known lysosomal thiol proteases: cathepsins B, H, L, and S. These enzymes share a similar size and targeting mechanism for lysosomal accumulation and all have relatively indiscriminate substrate specificity in comparison with such highly selective serine proteases as urokinase or thrombin. These enzymes do have distinctive properties: only cathepsin B has C-terminal dipeptidase activity, only cathepsin H has potent aminopeptidase activity, and only cathepsin L and S are elastoltic. Cathepsin S is unique in that it is stable at neutral pH; indeed, at neutral pH it has elastolytic activity roughly comparable with that of neutrophil elastase. Recent studies of the differential expression of these cathepsins suggest they not only cooperate in terminal degradation of endocytized protein but also have specific functions such as proenzyme activation, antigen processing, and tissue remodeling, especially bone matrix resorption. Lysates of lung macrophages degrade elastin at neutral pH, suggesting that necrosis of macrophages at sites of macrophage accumulation, e.g., caseation necrosis, could contribute to tissue destruction. Tissue destruction and remodeling by thiol proteases expressed by live macrophages, however, is limited by tight compartmentalization of cathepsins to lysosomes. Nonetheless, macrophages accumulate at sites of known injury in cigarette smokers. Because these cells contain potent elastases, and because lysosomal enzyme release and cell surface acidification are regulated events, dysregulation of thiol protease expression in stimulated macrophages may contribute to the injury observed in cigarette smokers with non-alpha-1-protease inhibitor-type emphysema.
School and Work Release Evaluations
Authors: D. L. Wishart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drs Holleman and Holleman<sup>1</sup>deserve accolades. Their report should be required reading for every legislator, welfare system caseworker, and public school official, not to mention every physician. Work release evaluations and their close relative, disability evaluations, present important problems for specialists as well as primary care physicians. As a radiation oncologist, I frequently am asked to complete a complicated disability form for the State Department of Social and Health Services. The form represents a well-intentioned attempt to quantify disability evaluations, but its completion requires considerable physician hubris. Even if I were capable of measuring accurately the function of each joint and the ability of the patient to tolerate a standing posture for a specified number of hours, it is not possible to suppose that I also understand the specific physical, mental, and psychological demands of the patient's job and that I can correlate the physical findings
Psychiatric genetics: search for phenotypes
Authors: Maarion Leboyer, Marion Leboyer, Frank Bellivier, Roland Jouvent, Marika Nosten-Bertrand, Jacques Mallet, David Pauls
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1998)

Failure to obtain convincing results in psychiatric genetics can partly be attributed to the fact that progress in molecular biology and genetic epidemiology has not been followed by an equivalent development in phenotypic description. Instead of relying entirely on classical nosological approaches, we argue that identifying more homogeneous forms of diseases through a `candidate symptom approach' among affected subjects and an endophenotype approach that identifies sub-clinical traits among non-affected relatives might yield better results. Examples where these strategies have already been fruitful when applied to complex diseases are presented in this review. Focusing on vulnerability traits might stimulate the redefinition of traditional psychiatric syndromes and help to bridge the gap between clinical and experimental approaches.
A randomized controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis and jaundice
Authors: Gilles Pelletier, Dominique Roulot, Thierry Davion, Claude Masliah, Xavier Causse, Frédéric Oberti, Jean-Jacques Raabe, Claire Van Lemmens, Hélène Labadie, Lawrence Serfaty
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The aim of our multicenter study was to assess the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the survival of patients with alcohol–induced cirrhosis and jaundice. We included patients with histologically proven alcohol–induced cirrhosis and serum bilirubin &gt;50 μmol/L. After randomization, patients received either UDCA (13–15 mg/kg/d) or a placebo for 6 months. Two hundred twenty–six patients (113 in each group) were included in 24 centers. There were 139 men and 87 women, mean age of 50.3 years. Seventy–four percent had associated alcohol–induced hepatitis, and 24% received a corticosteroid therapy. At inclusion, the 2 groups were comparable for the main clinical and biologic parameters, but serum bilirubin was higher in the UDCA group than in the placebo group (163 μmol/L vs. 145 μmol/L, P &lt; .03). The percentage of patients lost at follow–up or who resumed their alcoholism during the study was comparable in the 2 groups. During the study, 55 patients died, 35 in the UDCA group and 20 in the placebo group. In the intention to treat analysis, the probability of survival at 6 months (Kaplan–Meier method) was lower in the UDCA than in the P group (69% vs. 82%, respectively; P = .04, log–rank test). After adjustment on the bilirubin level at entry (Cox model), the independent predictive value of the treatment group did not reach the statistical level (RR = 1.64, CI 0.85–2.85; P = .077). In conclusion, UDCA administered at the dose recommended in primary biliary cirrhosis has no beneficial effect on the 6–month survival of patients with severe alcohol–induced cirrhosis. An inappropriate dosage of UDCA cannot be excluded as an explanation for the lack of therapeutic benefit.
Before Chernobyl: Savannah River
Authors: J. O. Hightower
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Johnson's<sup>1</sup>statements concerning the Savannah River Plant are misleading. In 1956, approximately 5550 × 10<sup>10</sup>Bq (1500 Ci) of iodine 131 were released from the Savannah River Plant. Unlike Three Mile Island, this was a chronic release that lasted for one year and was dispersed 360° around the plant, not predominantly in one direction like the short-term release from Three Mile Island. Hypothetical maximum doses to an infant living at the plant perimeter as calculated by dosimetry in use at that time were 4.8 mSv (480 mrem). If calculated by the Food and Drug Administration method used for Three Mile Island, the dose would have been about 2.6 mSv (260 mrem). By either method, these doses are within the current International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended limits for the public for a one-year exposure. When Dr Johnson states that an area of about 1000
Evaluating Beliefs Associated with Late-Stage Lung Cancer Presentation in Minorities
Authors: Cara Bergamo, Jenny J. Lin, Cardinale Smith, Linda Lurslurchachai, Ethan A. Halm, Charles A. Powell, Andrew Berman, John S. Schicchi, Steven M. Keller, Howard Leventhal, Juan P. Wisnivesky
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder Associated With Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Beth S. Brodsky, Kevin M. Malone, Steven P. Ellis, Rebecca A. Dulit, J. John Mann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

This study examined the relationship between characteristics of borderline personality disorder and suicidal behavior. The authors hypothesized that a specific feature of borderline personality disorder, impulsivity, and childhood trauma, a possible etiological factor in the development of impulsivity, would be associated with suicidal behavior.Information on lifetime history of suicidal behavior was obtained from 214 inpatients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder by structured clinical interview. The authors examined the relationship between DSM-III-R criteria met and the following measures of suicidal behavior: presence or absence of a previous suicide attempt, number of previous attempts, and lethality and intent to die associated with the most lethal lifetime attempt.Impulsivity was the only characteristic of borderline personality disorder (excluding the self-destructive criterion) that was associated with a higher number of previous suicide attempts after control for lifetime diagnoses of depression and substance abuse. Global severity of pathology of borderline personality disorder was not associated with suicidal behavior. History of childhood abuse correlated significantly with number of lifetime suicide attempts.The trait of impulsivity is associated with number of lifetime suicide attempts and may therefore be a putative risk factor for a future suicide attempt. If so, impulsivity is a potential target therapeutically for prevention of future suicide attempts. The association between childhood abuse and number of lifetime suicide attempts is consistent with the hypothesis that childhood abuse is an etiological factor in the development of self-destructive behaviors.
Effect of Oral Eliglustat on Splenomegaly in Patients With Gaucher Disease Type 1
Authors: Pramod K. Mistry, Elena Lukina, Hadhami Ben Turkia, Dominick Amato, Hagit Baris, Majed Dasouki, Marwan Ghosn, Atul Mehta, Seymour Packman, Gregory Pastores, Milan Petakov, Sarit Assouline, Manisha Balwani, Sumita Danda, Evgueniy Hadjiev, Andres Ortega, Suma Shankar, Maria Helena Solano, Leorah Ross, Jennifer Angell, M. Judith Peterschmitt
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Gaucher disease type 1 is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and skeletal disease. A safe, effective oral therapy is needed.To determine whether eliglustat, a novel oral substrate reduction therapy, safely reverses clinical manifestations in untreated adults with Gaucher disease type 1.Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 18 sites in 12 countries from November 2009 to July 2012 among eligible patients with splenomegaly plus thrombocytopenia and/or anemia. Of 72 patients screened, 40 were enrolled.Patients were stratified by spleen volume and randomized 1:1 to receive eliglustat (50 or 100 mg twice daily; n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 9 months.The primary efficacy end point was percentage change in spleen volume in multiples of normal from baseline to 9 months; secondary efficacy end points were change in hemoglobin level and percentage changes in liver volume and platelet count.All patients had baseline splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia (mostly moderate or severe), most had mild or moderate hepatomegaly, and 20% had mild anemia. Least-square mean spleen volume decreased by 27.77% (95% CI, -32.57% to -22.97%) in the eliglustat group (from 13.89 to 10.17 multiples of normal) vs an increase of 2.26% (95% CI, -2.54% to 7.06%) in the placebo group (from 12.50 to 12.84 multiples of normal) for an absolute treatment difference of -30.03% (95% CI, -36.82% to -23.24%; P < .001). For the secondary end points, the least-square mean absolute differences between groups all favored eliglustat, with a 1.22-g/dL increase in hemoglobin level (95% CI, 0.57-1.88 g/dL; P < .001), 6.64% decrease in liver volume (95% CI, -11.37% to -1.91%; P = .007), and 41.06% increase in platelet count (95% CI, 23.95%-58.17%; P < .001). No serious adverse events occurred. One patient in the eliglustat group withdrew (non-treatment related); 39 of the 40 patients transitioned to an open-label extension study.Among previously untreated adults with Gaucher disease type 1, treatment with eliglustat compared with placebo for 9 months resulted in significant improvements in spleen volume, hemoglobin level, liver volume, and platelet count. The clinical significance of these findings is uncertain, and more definitive conclusions about clinical efficacy and utility will require comparison with the standard treatment of enzyme replacement therapy as well as longer-term follow-up.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00891202.
Sulphasalazine in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: N Feltelius, R Hallgren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

In recent years sulphasalazine has gained acceptance as an effective agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ankylosing spondylitis is a disease where remission inducing drugs so far have been lacking. In this double blind trial sulphasalazine was compared with placebo in 37 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Evaluation after three months9 treatment showed reduction of inflammatory activity and improvement of clinical variables. The side effects were mild. The results suggest that sulphasalazine is a potentially effective and safe drug in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.
O105 MICE WITH HUMAN LIVERS AS A NEW MODEL OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS INFECTION AND PRECLINICAL DRUG EVALUATION
Authors: M. Lutgehetmann, K. Giersch, L. Allweiss, A.W. Lohse, S. Polywka, S. Pischke, J. Petersen, T. Volz, M. Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Lack of Pharmacologic Tolerance and Rebound Angina Pectoris during Twice-Daily Therapy with Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate
Authors: Udho Thadani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To determine whether isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN), an active metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, when given twice daily (in the morning and 7 hours later), prevents development of tolerance and reduction in exercise performance or is associated with a rebound increase in anginal attacks in patients with stable angina pectoris.Multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized study.Four university teaching hospitals and five private cardiology outpatient clinics.116 patients with stable exertional angina who stopped treadmill exercise because of angina pectoris.After stopping all antianginal drugs with the exception of beta-blockers, patients received single-blind placebo for 1 week followed by either 20 mg of IS-5-MN (n = 60 patients) or placebo (n = 62 patients) twice daily at 0800 hours and 1500 hours for 2 weeks.Serial symptom-limited exercise tests and patients' diaries recording activity and date, time, and severity of anginal attacks.Compared with placebo recipients, patients receiving IS-5-MN walked significantly longer at 2, 5, and 7 hours after the 0800-hour dose (P < 0.01) and at 2 and 5 hours after the 1500-hour dose (P < 0.01). Before the morning (0800-hour) dose, exercise duration increased by 0.53 minutes in placebo recipients and by 0.85 minutes in those receiving IS-5-MN therapy (P = 0.10). Neither nocturnal nor early-morning anginal attacks increased during IS-5-MN therapy compared with placebo. Headaches occurred in 19 (32%) patients in the IS-5-MN group and in 9 (15%) patients in the placebo group but necessitated discontinuation of treatment in only 2 (3%) patients in the IS-5-MN group.Isosorbide-5-mononitrate, 20 mg twice daily given 7 hours apart, was well tolerated and improved exercise performance for 7 hours after the morning dose and for 5 hours after the afternoon dose without evidence of development of pharmacologic tolerance. No rebound increase in anginal attacks was found.
Human cytotoxic T-cell responses to type A and type B influenza viruses can be restricted by different HLA antigens. Implications for HLA polymorphism and genetic regulation.
Authors: S Shaw, G M Shearer, W E Biddison
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The present study compares human cytotoxic T-cell responses to two closely related viruses (type A and type B influenza) to understand the antigen-specific elements involved in HLA-linked genetic control of cytotoxic T-cell responses. The HLA antigens function as self antigens that are recognized by cytotoxic T cells sensitized against either virus. However, studies in an informative family indicate that in this family, the HLA antigens preferentially recognized in conjunction with type A influenza (A/HK) differ from the HLA antigens preferentially recognized in conjunction with type B influenza (B/HK). Similarly, population studies demonstrate that some (but not all) donors whose T cells recognized A/HK in conjunction with HLA-A2 failed to recognize B/HK in conjunction with HLA-A2. Thus, HLA-linked regulation must operate by a mechanism(s) that is specific both for the self HLA antigen and the viral antigen. Furthermore, these findings indicate that different HLA antigens may facilitate T-cell responses to different pathogens, which would result in an evolutionary advantage for HLA heterozygosity.
Guidelines for Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older Women-Reply
Authors: Neil M. Resnick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  The purpose of our article was to underscore the extent of differences between perimenopausal and older women, emphasizing that there is ample reason to question the validity of extrapolating data derived from perimenopausal women to formulate treatment recommendations for older women. Our goal was to stimulate a fresh look at osteoporosis in the elderly, the group at highest risk of fracture. Our conclusions were not that current therapeutic approaches are necessarily wrong, but that there is little evidence that they are correct, that there is much room for doubt, and that there is an urgent need to devise and test new modalities. Until this is accomplished, we believe that it is reasonable to individualize the approach as we outlined. However, as stated in the article, we would place less emphasis on the pharmacologic interventions and more on strategies to detect comorbid conditions and reduce the risk of