tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PREVENTIVE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE.
Authors: E. W. MITCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The explanation of numerous diseased conditions on the theory of autointoxication has found ready acceptance because of its simplicity and because of much apparent evidence in its favor. This has been an especially welcome hypothesis to account for that obscure group of diseases known as the neuroses, for which all other theories have been so unsatisfactory. In this group it has been common to include migraine. Theoretical considerations, clinical observations and therapeutic results all point strongly in favor of such a hypothesis. But, however simple this theory seems in its statement, it in fact only throws the mystery a step further back. It is an explanation which needs explaining. It opens questions which involve the most complex problems of physiological chemistry. What are the toxic substances? Where and how are they formed? What organs are involved? These and many other questions have not yet been solved, and probably will not
Are stress Proteins induced during PUVA therapy?
Authors: A.S. AL-MASAUD, W.J. CUNLIFFE, D.B. HOLLAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Are stress Proteins induced during PUVA therapy? Get access A.S. AL‐MASAUD, A.S. AL‐MASAUD Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Skin Research Center, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. CUNLIFFE, W.J. CUNLIFFE Department of Dermatology, the General Infirmary at Leeds LSI 3EX, U.K. Dr E.J.Wood. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.B. HOLLAND D.B. HOLLAND Department of Dermatology, the General Infirmary at Leeds LSI 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 5, 1 May 1996, Pages 892–899, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.123858.x Published: 01 May 1996 Article history Accepted: 17 August 1995 Published: 01 May 1996
Advances in the Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Raymond S. Koff
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estimation of the reproductive number for A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza among the French armed forces, September 2009–March 2010
Authors: J. Trichereau, C. Verret, A. Mayet, G. Manet, C. Decam, J.-B. Meynard, X. Deparis, R. Migliani
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Psychiatrists in the new NHS.
Authors: R. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1992)

cardinal symptoms of a pharyngeal pouch also include spontaneous regurgitation, weight loss, and dysphagia.2Barium swallow is the principal means of diagnosing both oesophageal achalasia3 and pharyngeal pouch.Moreover, there is a very real risk of a traumatic oesophageal perforation as a result of entering an unknown pouch, even with a flexible endoscope.Barium swallow is a simple, non-traumatic, cheap, and safe outpatient in- vestigation suitable for most patients with suspected oesophageal pathology, and traumatic oesophageal perforation due to endoscopy in the absence of a barium swallow would be difficult to defend.
Orthopnoea in a young woman
Authors: J. Jenkins, B. Hope-Gill
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 22 year old woman presented with a three week history of productive cough, worsening breathlessness, fever, and malaise. Her medical history included an episode of pneumonia, four years earlier, which had been complicated by type 2 respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. She described pronounced orthopnoea, exertional breathlessness, and ankle swelling since then. She had normal heart sounds, no murmurs, raised jugular venous pulse, and mild pedal oedema. On respiratory examination she had posterior, bibasal, coarse, inspiratory crackles. On admission, blood pH was 7.08 (normal range 7.35-7.45), arterial carbon dioxide tension 13.8 kPa (4.7-6.0), arterial oxygen tension 15.4 kPa (11.1-14.4), and standard bicarbonate 20 mmol/l (22-27) on high flow supplemental oxygen therapy; she also had leucocytosis. Chest radiography showed small lung fields and bibasal shadowing. The patient was intubated and treated for presumed community acquired pneumonia. Further investigations included an echocardiogram showing a dilated and impaired right ventricle with an estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 80 mm Hg (normal <25 mm Hg). Computed tomography of the pulmonary arteries showed no evidence of pulmonary emboli; bibasal atelectasis was present, but with no additional mediastinal or parenchymal abnormality. Autoimmune screen, thyroid function tests, and HIV serology were negative. The most striking abnormality on overnight oximetry was precipitous desaturation on lying flat. ### Short answers
EARLY RECOGNITION AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HEART DISEASE
Authors: ROBERT H. HALSEY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

It is the acquirement of skill in perception and logical deductions therefrom that justify the restrictions of public health measures, which are often so irksome and irritating to the individual. More accurate and more detailed knowledge of disease requires wider gathering and immediate recording of information by trained observers. Experience teaches the value of learning what organ or function is impaired when a person is incapacitated, but the importance of applying the same known principles of investigation in public health problems is not widely recognized. Just now it is my desire to direct attention to the incapacity and increasing number of deaths due to disease of the heart. It has become a routine to examine a patient for the evidence of impairment of the heart during, or soon after, the occurrence of diseases such as tonsillitis, rheumatism, chorea, bone or joint pains, scarlet fever, diphtheria, pneumonia, typhoid, syphilis or gonorrhea;
OC-009 Human anti-microbial vδ2+ t-cells are novel intestinal lymphocytes with functional relevance in crohn's disease
Authors: N E McCarthy, C R Hedin, A Vossenkämper, S Bhattacharjee, S G Brown, T J Sanders, E M Giles, K Whelan, J O Lindsay, A J Stagg
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Vγ9Vδ2+ “unconventional” (Vδ2) T-cells are a population of circulating anti-microbial lymphocytes found only in higher primates and whose role in human intestinal immunity is unknown. In macaques, microbe-activated Vδ2T-cells expand and accumulate in mucosal tissues, and human Vδ2T-cells can produce key mediators of intestinal inflammation such as IFNγ, TNFα and IL-17A in response to bacterial species present among the gut microbiota. We therefore hypothesised that Vδ2T-cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn9s disease (CD). <h3>Methods</h3> Disaggregated intestinal biopsies and peripheral blood were analysed by flow-cytometry in CD patients (n=22), and healthy controls (n=36). Blood and biopsy-derived cell suspensions were stimulated with microbial phosphoantigen (HDMAPP) and IL-2 in vitro to determine Vδ2T-cell phenotype, cytokine production and proliferative potential in the presence or absence of azathioprine. <h3>Results</h3> Blood Vδ2T-cells proliferated, expressed “gut-homing” integrin β7, and produced IFNγ and TNFα upon activation with HDMAPP and IL-2 in vitro. Vδ2T-cells were also identified by confocal microscopy in both healthy and inflamed colonic lamina propria. In contrast to their blood counterparts, mucosal Vδ2T-cells expressed high levels of CD103 integrin, which is implicated in interactions with the intestinal epithelium. Although the frequency of mucosal Vδ2T-cells was low, these cells proliferated rapidly and up-regulated CD70 co-stimulatory molecule upon exposure to HDMAPP and IL-2 in vitro, consistent with responsiveness to the gut microbiota. In CD patients receiving azathioprine therapy, Vδ2T-cells were selectively lost from the blood and were markedly depleted from the lamina propria. Accordingly, physiological concentrations of azathioprine were sufficient to block HDMAPP activation of Vδ2T-cells in vitro. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Human Vδ2T-cells primarily reside in the blood but display gut-homing potential upon microbial activation and can be detected in the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal Vδ2T-cells may contribute to local pro-inflammatory responses against the gut microbiota but are depleted by azathioprine therapy in CD. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Identification of human plasma proteins that bind to cationic lipid/DNA complex and analysis of their effects on transfection efficiency: implications for intravenous gene transfer
Authors: Bouna-Moussa Tandia, Michel Vandenbranden, Ruddy Wattiez, Zohir Lakhdar, Jean-Marie Ruysschaert, Abdelatif Elouahabi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Interaction of cationic lipid/DNA complex with the plasma is a limiting step for the cationic lipid-mediated intravenous gene transfer and expression process. Most of the plasma components that interact with the complex and inhibit its transfection efficiency are still unknown. In the present work, human plasma proteins and lipoproteins that bind to a cationic lipid/DNA complex were isolated on a sucrose density gradient and identified by 2-D gel electrophoresis. Protein binding did not result in complex dissociation or DNA degradation. The effects of several complex-binding plasma components on the transfection efficiency were studied using lung endothelial cells cultured in vitro. Lipoprotein particles caused a drastic loss of the transfection efficiency of the complex. Surprisingly, fibrinogen was found to activate the transfection process. The roles of these complex-binding plasma components on the complex uptake efficiency were quantitatively assessed using radiolabeled plasmid DNA and qualitatively evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. A good correlation was found between the effects of the complex-binding plasma components on the transfection and on cell uptake efficiencies. In contrast to what was generally believed, our data suggest that disruption of the complex does not occur when it is in contact with the plasma and therefore could not be responsible for the loss of transfection activity. Instead, coating of complexes with plasma components seems to be responsible for reduced uptake by cells, which in turn results in reduced transfection.
182 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF L-ORNITHINE-L-ASPARTATE INFUSIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: N. Oruc, A. Ozturk, I.K. Onal, N.G. Unal, M. Akdogan, C. Yurdaydin, Z. Karasu, O. Ozutemiz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Preventing development of allergic disorders in children
Authors: Chantelle Anandan, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A 33 year old woman is planning to have a baby and asks you for advice. She wants to know what she can do to reduce the risk of her baby developing allergies.

Defining allergy —What does she mean by allergic problems? Are there any conditions that particularly concern her? Understanding of allergy differs widely between professionals and the public, so it may help to clarify her ideas and concerns.

Risk of the baby developing allergic conditions —Babies born into households where one or more first degree relative (mother, father, or siblings) manifest atopic allergic conditions—the most common are eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy—are at a much higher risk. If one parent is affected the risk is about 50%, increasing to 75% if …
Combined anti-muscarinic and H2 receptor blockade in the healing of refractory duodenal ulcer. A double blind study.
Authors: K D Bardhan, M Thompson, K Bose, R F Hinchliffe, J Crowe, D G Weir, C McCarthy, J Walters, T J Thomson, M H Thompson
Journal: Gut (1987)

The purpose of this study was to determine if pirenzepine and cimetidine given together was superior to cimetidine alone in inducing healing of refractory duodenal ulcers which remained unhealed after treatment with cimetidine or ranitidine for at least eight weeks. One hundred and thirty one patients from six centres were randomised to receive either cimetidine (C) 800 mg daily or cimetidine 800 mg plus pirenzepine (C + P) 100 mg daily under double blind conditions for six weeks. The healing rate was similar in both groups, irrespective of the method of calculation. On an intent-to-treat analysis, healing was: C 66%, C + P 57%, and amongst the patients who completed treatment, healing was 70% in both groups. Patients on C and on C + P experienced a similar decrease in daytime and in night time pain. Side effects of treatment, notably dry mouth and blurred vision, were reported more often by patients on combination therapy. Combined treatment with cimetidine plus pirenzepine in patients with refractory duodenal ulcer is unlikely to be beneficial.
Relative Rates of Transcapillary Movement of Free Thyroxine, Protein-Bound Thyroxine, Thyroxine-Binding Proteins, and Albumin
Authors: Clifford H. G. Irvine, M. W. Simpson-Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The rate of appearance of labeled thyroxine (T4) and albumin in lymph from various areas after simultaneous i.v. injection of the labeled substances in conscious ambulatory sheep has been used to estimate the relative rates of transcapillary movement of stable T4 and albumin. Labeled T4 appeared in hepatic lymph at the same rate as albumin. In intestinal and leg lymph, labeled T4 appeared eight and four times as rapidly as albumin indicating that T4 crosses capillaries in these areas independently of and much more rapidly than albumin and other proteins having similar distribution kinetics. The lymph:plasma ratios for all the T4-binding proteins including albumin were very similar in any one area showing that the relative fractional rates of transcapillary movement of these proteins were very similar. Therefore in extrahepatic areas, transcapillary movement of T4 in the protein-bound form was quantitatively much less important than in the free form. The findings support earlier views, recently questioned, that free T4 is of considerable physiological significance.
One Pathologist Went to Mow, Went to Mow a Meadow....
Authors: Brenda Barker
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to discuss a rare complication of mowing the lawn. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 43-year-old healthy male pathologist, while mowing his lawn one hot summer afternoon, dressed in shorts and a short-sleeved shirt, discovered a wasps' nest by running over it with the lawn mower. A swarm of wasps attacked and stung him and he fled. He developed respiratory distress and chest pain and then collapsed in front of his home. He was resuscitated and recovered uneventfully, except for the development of the carpal tunnel syndrome in his right hand three days after the attack. He had been stung several times along the dorsum of the wrist, and the subsequent edema appears to have been the cause. The symptoms of hypesthesia in the first three digits and the pain and weakness resolved in ten days without surgical intervention. <h3>Comment.—</h3> Lazaro<sup>1</sup>reported a case
Gastroesophageal Reflux, Barrett Esophagus, and Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Nicholas Shaheen, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: JAMA (2002)

[10] This article will discuss the pathophysiology of esophageal cancer in the setting of GERD, assess the evidence linking reflux disease to cancer, and examine the potential role of endoscopic screening in individuals with GERD.Several pertinent clinical questions will be considered, including the prevalence of GERD in the general population, the association between GERD and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, the appropriate management of Barrett esophagus, and whether endoscopy for those with GERD averts death from esophageal adenocarcinoma.
THE RELATIONS OF THE DENTAL ARCHES TO PATHOLOGIC AFFECTIONS OF THE NASOPHARYNX AND ADJACENT PARTS.
Authors: E. A. BOGUE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is singular that a science or an art may progress for centuries on the borderland of important discoveries and fail of making them. Adenoids were discovered only a little more than fifty years ago. The proper, normal arrangement of human dental arches was discovered less than twenty-five years ago. The intimate relation between these two discoveries has just begun to be understood. Until normal dental arches were discovered we did not know what proper mastication was nor the conditions necessary to its performance. These conditions comprise the full set of adult teeth standing in proper relations to each other. Now that we know something about the proper size and relations of the dental arches, we know how mastication should be performed to get the greatest degree of vigor from the food we consume, and we know what steps should be taken to permit the child afflicted with adenoids to
An Unusual Gastric Duplication
Authors: George J. Laird
Journal: JAMA (1962)

REDUPLICATIONS of the stomach are not often reported. The majority reported have been so-called gastrogenic cysts, most of which are attached to the stomach. Lewis and associates reviewed the English literature and found only 38 cases of duplication of the stomach reported in the past 43 years. A series of 68 cases seen over a period of 22 years at Children's Hospital in Boston revealed only 2 involving the stomach. The duplication has the common anatomic characteristic of a wall containing all the normal layers of the stomach—serosa, muscularis, and muscosa. Duplications may occur at any level of the intestinal tract. The epithelium which lines the duplication always resembles that of some part of the alimentary tract but does not necessarily correspond to the mucosa of that level at which the duplication is found. Presumably a "gastrogenic cyst" could be found at any level of the gastrointestinal tract, but few
Erratum: Corrigendum: Comparative genomic and phylogeographic analysis of Mycobacterium leprae
Authors: Marc Monot, Nadine Honoré, Thierry Garnier, Nora Zidane, Diana Sherafi, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, Masanori Matsuoka, G Michael Taylor, Helen D Donoghue, Abi Bouwman, Simon Mays, Claire Watson, Diana Lockwood, Ali Khamispour, Yahya Dowlati, Shen Jianping, Thomas H Rea, Lucio Vera-Cabrera, Mariane M Stefani, Sayera Banu, Murdo Macdonald, Bishwa Raj Sapkota, John S Spencer, Jérôme Thomas, Keith Harshman, Pushpendra Singh, Philippe Busso, Alexandre Gattiker, Jacques Rougemont, Patrick J Brennan, Stewart T Cole
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Philadelphia General Hospital
Authors: Todd H. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The MEDICAL NEWS & PERSPECTIVES feature on the demise of Philadelphia General Hospital 1 raised an important issue: are public hospitals necessary at all, anywhere? Unfortunately, like most contemporary authors who try to confront the problems of public hospitals and health care for the poor, your writer evaded this key issue, not daring explicitly to raise or discuss such a sensitive question.  Well, I have no such qualms. I lived in Philadelphia at the time Philadelphia General was closed and returned to the city in 1984 for my residency, after attending a medical school in New York that made extensive use of a nearby city hospital. Neither in the 1970s nor in the 1980s have I (or, to my knowledge, anyone else) observed any adverse effects of the hospital's closing on the health of Philadelphia's substantial poor population. Presently, it appears that all patients in Philadelphia, regardless
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ureterosigmoidostomy in malignant ureteral obstruction: description of a new method
Authors: E. Artifon, E. da Silveira, R. Lopes, A. Kumar, M. Bhutani, J. Mesquita, T. Souza, M. Dall’oglio, A. Lucon, D. Couto, P. Sakai, M. Srougi
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Malignant ureteral obstruction is a late and potentially terminal complication of pelvic malignancies such as bladder, colon, and uterine cancer [1]. Traditionally, palliation of unresectable malignant obstruction takes place with percutaneous nephrostomy, endoscopic stenting, or a combination of both, which are methods known to improve renal function and quality of life [2]. Although these techniques of urinary diversion are routinely carried out by urologists, only a fraction of patients benefit from conversion to internal drainage. Unlike their counterparts of the gastrointestinal and biliary tract, palliation of malignant extrinsic compression of the ureter with endoprosthesis is often unsuccessful, with a reported failure rate of approximately 60 % [3]. We describe a new technique, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ureterosigmoidostomy, which aimed to relieve a malignant ureteral obstruction of a poor surgical candidate in whom prior uroendoscopic stent insertion had failed.
Evidence supporting the identity in Graves' disease of thyroid-stimulating antibody and thyroid growth-promoting immunoglobulin G as assayed in FRTL5 cells.
Authors: M Zakarija, S Jin, J M McKenzie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

This paper addresses the question: in Graves' disease is there a thyroid-growth stimulating IgG (TGI) separate from thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb)? Using the functioning rat thyroid line (FRTL5) cells for TGI (incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA) and TSAb (increase in cAMP concentration) assays, we tested IgG from 30 Graves' patients. Positive TGI assay occurred only if cAMP increased in the cells and responses correlated, i.e., r = 0.95, P less than 0.001. With one very potent TSAb-IgG we showed that Fab was active as TGI and TSAb, IgG with pI of 8.5-9.0 was the most potent fraction in both systems and an inhibitory IgG prevented the action of both TSAb-IgG and TSH in both the TSAb and TGI assays. In the last example, the action was on the cell membrane and not on the TSH or IgG. These data are entirely compatible with the view that in Graves' disease, at least as tested in FRTL5 cells, the same IgG is active in stimulating both growth and adenylate cyclase.
Hospital Patterns of Use of Positive Inotropic Agents in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Chohreh Partovian, Scott R. Gleim, Purav S. Mody, Shu-Xia Li, Haiyan Wang, Kelly M. Strait, Larry A. Allen, Tara Lagu, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)