tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Stephen Mizroch
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The discouraging results in managing esophageal carcinoma stem from its propensity to late diagnosis and the difficulty in surgical therapy. A report of "Carcinoma In Situ of the Esophagus" (239:335, 1978) by Sotus et al encourages early diagnosis with suspicion for cancer in "all patients with persistent upper GI [gastrointestinal] tract symptoms." Pertinent epidemiology defines those people who harbor an even greater cancer potential. Age (older), sex (male), race (non-white), and geography<sup>1</sup>exert substantial influence on the exaggerated incidence of esophageal carcinoma. Cigaret smoking, alcohol consumption, and thermal irritation from imbibing hot foods<sup>2</sup>are all predisposing insults. Modification of these risk factors is worthwhile for those with otherwise unfavorable backgrounds. A link between carcinoma and various types of "obstructive" esophageal lesions is well confirmed. An increased incidence of carcinoma in achalasia, Barrett's esophagus, lye strictures, and the Plummer-Vinson syndrome should encourage the high index of suspicion
Production of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors by human natural killer cells.
Authors: M C Cuturi, I Anegón, F Sherman, R Loudon, S C Clark, B Perussia, G Trinchieri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We have analyzed the ability of highly purified preparations of human NK cells to produce CSF. NK cells, purified by negative selection from 10-d cultures of PBMC incubated with irradiated B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, were stimulated with rIL-2, FcR(CD16) ligands (particulate immune complexes or anti-CD16 antibodies bound to Sepharose), a combination of CD16 ligands and rIL-2, or the phorbol diester phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) together with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Both rIL-2 and CD16 ligands induce accumulation of GM-CSF mRNA in NK cells and the combined effect of the two stimuli is synergistic. Maximal accumulation of GM-CSF mRNA is observed after PDBu/A23187 stimulation. The participation of contaminant T cells in the observed expression of the GM-CSF gene is excluded because CD16 ligands do not stimulate T cells and CD3 ligands, powerful stimulators of T cells, are inactive on NK cells. Accumulation of CSF-1 mRNA is observed only in NK cells stimulated with both CD16 ligands and rIL-2, whereas accumulation of IL-3 mRNA is observed only in NK cells stimulated with PDBu/A23187. Transcripts of the G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta genes were never detected in NK cells in these experiments. The kinetics of accumulation of GM-CSF and CSF-1 mRNA in NK cells stimulated with CD16 ligands and rIL-2 peaked at 2-4 h and was slower than that of TNF and IFN-gamma mRNA, which peak at 1 h. GM-CSF was precipitated from the supernatant fluids of NK cells stimulated with PDBu/A23187 and its biological activity was demonstrated by the ability of the supernatants to sustain proliferation of the TALL-101 cell line or CML blasts. Biological activity of IL-3 and CSF-1 was demonstrable in supernatant fluids of NK cells stimulated with PDBu/A23187 and CD16 ligands/rIL-2, respectively.
MORE ON QUINIDINE-INDUCED HYPOPROTHROMBINEMIA
Authors: FREDERICK L. JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 November 1968MORE ON QUINIDINE-INDUCED HYPOPROTHROMBINEMIAFREDERICK L. JONES JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.FREDERICK L. JONES JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-5-1074_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In his article entitled "Quinidine-Induced Hypoprothrombinemic Hemorrhage in Patients on Chronic Warfarin Therapy" (Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 511, 1968), Koch-Weser did not present data concerning the frequency of this complication. He commented later that no one knows in what percentage of patients receiving this combination of drugs such a therapeutic mishap occurs (1). General experience would indicate that this must indeed be a rare experience. With the sole exception of Udall's recent report (2), however, no data are available on which to base any conclusions.I reveiwed our recent experience at the Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pa.,...References1. KOCH-WESER J: Quinidine and hypoprothrombinemia (letters to the editor). Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 404, 1968. Google Scholar2. UDALL JA: Quinidine and hypoprothrombinemia (letters to the editor). Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 403, 1968. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FREDERICK L. JONESJR., M.D., F.A.C.P. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byINTERACTIONS OF WARFARINDrug Action, Reaction, and Interaction. I. Quinidine for Cardiac Arrhythmias 1 November 1968Volume 69, Issue 5Page: 1074-1074KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsHemorrhage ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Catabolic rate of low density lipoprotein is influenced by variation in the apolipoprotein B gene.
Authors: T Demant, R S Houlston, M J Caslake, J J Series, J Shepherd, C J Packard, S E Humphries
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

This study examines the potential influence of genetic variation on the metabolism of LDL. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the gene coding for apo B were identified using the endonucleases Xba I, Eco RI, and Msp I in a group of 19 subjects with moderate hyperlipidemia. There was a significant association between the Xba I polymorphism and the total fractional clearance rate (FCR) of LDL. The individuals with the X1X1 genotype had, on average, a 22% higher FCR (P less than 0.025) than those with the genotype X2X2 (X2 allele = presence of Xba I cutting site). This difference was attributable to increased clearance by the receptor-mediated pathway of LDL catabolism. In this group of subjects, there was no association of LDL kinetic parameters and RFLPs of the LDL receptor gene or the AI- CIII- AIV gene cluster. The data suggest that variation in apo B itself, presumably acting through variable binding to the LDL receptor, makes a significant contribution to the rate of catabolism of LDL.
Capn4 overexpression underlies tumor invasion and metastasis after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Dou-Sheng Bai, Zhi Dai, Jian Zhou, Yin-Kun Liu, Shuang-Jian Qiu, Chang-Jun Tan, Ying-Hong Shi, Cheng Huang, Zheng Wang, Yi-Feng He, Jia Fan
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Liver transplantation (LT) is one of the best therapeutic options for nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, some HCC patients succumb to the disease after LT, which reduces long- and medium-term survival. To identify the proteins associated with HCC invasion and metastasis, HCC patients undergoing LT with complete follow-up data were included in this study and were categorized into recurrence and nonrecurrence groups. We extracted the total protein from the acquired homogeneous tumor cells and applied a cleavable isotope-coded affinity tag technology to quantitate relative changes in protein levels between the two groups. We identified a total of 149 proteins with two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, including 52 differentially expressed proteins by at least two-fold. Among them, calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4), a protein with relevant interactions with many migration–invasion-related proteins, has attracted more attention. First, Capn4 overexpression in the recurrence group was confirmed via real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in another cohort of 40 HCC patients undergoing LT. Second, Capn4 was associated with enhanced invasiveness in vitro. The small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown expression of Capn4 in HCC cell lines significantly inhibited its mobile and invasive ability. Tissue microarray in a further 192 cases revealed that Capn4 significantly correlated with invasive phenotype of HCC, and univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that Capn4 is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival of HCC patients. Conclusion : Our study revealed that Capn4 overexpression underlies invasion and metastasis after LT for HCC and might be a candidate biomarker for future diagnosis and a target for therapy. (Hepatology 2008.)
Tooth regeneration: a revolution in stomatology and evolution in regenerative medicine
Authors: Sibel Yildirim, Susan Y Fu, Keith Kim, Hong Zhou, Chang Hun Lee, Ang Li, Sahng Gyoon Kim, Shuang Wang, Jeremy J Mao
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

A tooth is a complex biological organ and consists of multiple tissues including the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Tooth loss is the most common organ failure. Can a tooth be regenerated? Can adult stem cells be orchestrated to regenerate tooth structures such as the enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp, or even an entire tooth? If not, what are the therapeutically viable sources of stem cells for tooth regeneration? Do stem cells necessarily need to be taken out of the body, and manipulated ex vivo before they are transplanted for tooth regeneration? How can regenerated teeth be economically competitive with dental implants? Would it be possible to make regenerated teeth affordable by a large segment of the population worldwide? This review article explores existing and visionary approaches that address some of the above‐mentioned questions. Tooth regeneration represents a revolution in stomatology as a shift in the paradigm from repair to regeneration: repair is by metal or artificial materials whereas regeneration is by biological restoration. Tooth regeneration is an extension of the concepts in the broad field of regenerative medicine to restore a tissue defect to its original form and function by biological substitutes.
Ag-Presenting CpG-Activated pDCs Prime Th17 Cells That Induce Tumor Regression
Authors: Leslie Guéry, Juan Dubrot, Carla Lippens, Dale Brighouse, Pauline Malinge, Magali Irla, Caroline Pot, Walter Reith, Jean-Marc Waldburger, Stéphanie Hugues
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) rapidly and massively produce type I IFN and other inflammatory cytokines in response to foreign nucleic acids, thereby indirectly influencing T-cell responses. Moreover, antigen (Ag)-presenting pDCs directly regulate T-cell differentiation. Depending on the immune environment, pDCs exhibit either tolerogenic or immunogenic properties. Here, we show that CpG-activated pDCs promote efficient Th17 differentiation. Indeed, Th17 responses are defective in mice selectively lacking MHCII on pDCs upon antigenic challenge. Importantly, in those mice, the frequency of Th17 cells infiltrating solid tumors is impaired. As a result, the recruitment of infiltrating leukocytes in tumors, including tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), is altered and results in increased tumor growth. Importantly, following immunization with tumor Ag and CpG-B, MHCII-restricted Ag presentation by pDCs promotes the differentiation of antitumor Th17 cells that induce intratumor CTL recruitment and subsequent regression of established tumors. Our results highlight a new role for Ag presenting activated pDCs in promoting the development of Th17 cells and impacting on antitumor immunity. Cancer Res; 74(22); 6430–40. ©2014 AACR.
PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF ABNORMAL MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES
Authors: Roxana Djaberi, Joanne D. Schuijf, Cornelis J. Roos, Marcel P. Stokkel, Petra Dibbets-Schneider, Arthur J. Scholte, Jan W. Smit, Johannes A. Romijn, Alberto M. Pereira, Ernst E. van der Wall, J. Wouter Jukema, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
An Address on the Modern Pursuit of Novelties in Medicine: Delivered before the Reigate Division of the South-Eastern Branch of the British Medical Association at Dorking
Authors: D. Duckworth
Journal: BMJ (1904)

no vomiting in this case; and (4) the jaundice occurring with- out a history of biliary colic.Those are the symptoms.In looking up the subjective signs as given by Fitz in Clifford Allbutt's System of Medicine, I find that he says that the "most characteristic sign of cancer of the pancreas is a tumour in the epigastric or umbilical region, which is to be observed as a deep-seated rounded or elongated, sometimes nodulated swelling varying in density and defined with difficulty.' Now we had here, as a very striking feature of the case a
Prediction of oesophageal varices in hepatic cirrhosis by simple serum non-invasive markers: Results of a multicenter, large-scale study
Authors: Giada Sebastiani, Diego Tempesta, Giovanna Fattovich, Laurent Castera, Philippe Halfon, Marc Bourliere, Franco Noventa, Paolo Angeli, Alfredo Saggioro, Alfredo Alberti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Monensin Improves the Effectiveness of <i>meso</i> -Dimercaptosuccinate when Used to Treat Lead Intoxication in Rats
Authors: Shawn A. Hamidinia, Warren L. Erdahl, Clifford J. Chapman, Gregory E. Steinbaugh, Richard W. Taylor, Douglas R. Pfeiffer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Among divalent cations, the ionophore monensin shows high activity and selectivity for the transport of lead ions (Pb2+) across phospholipid membranes. When coadministered to rats that were receiving meso-dimercaptosuccinate for treatment of Pb intoxication, monensin significantly increased the amount of Pb removed from femur, brain, and heart. It showed a tendency to increase Pb removal from liver and kidney but had no effect of this type in skeletal muscle. Tissue levels of several physiologic (calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, zinc) and nonphysiologic (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, strontium) elements were also determined after the application of these compounds. Among the physiologic elements, a number of significant changes were seen, including both rising and falling values. The size of these changes was typically around 20% compared with control values, with the largest examples seen in femur. These changes often tended to reverse those of similar size that had occurred during Pb administration. Among the nonphysiologic elements, which were present in trace amounts, the changes were smaller in number but larger in size. None of these changes appears likely to be significant in terms of toxicity, and there were no signs of overt toxicity under any of the conditions employed. Monensin may act by cotransporting Pb2+ and OH- ions out of cells, in exchange for external sodium ions. The net effect would be to shuttle intracellular Pb2+ to extracellular dimercaptosuccinic acid thereby enhancing its effectiveness. Thus, monensin may be useful for the treatment of Pb intoxication when applied in combination with hydrophilic Pb2+ chelators.
1202 CHARACTERISATION OF HCV VARIANTS IN NON-SVR PATIENTS IN THE REALIZE STUDY SUGGESTS THAT TELAPREVIR EXHIBITS A CONSISTENT RESISTANCE PROFILE IRRESPECTIVE OF A LEAD-IN
Authors: S. De Meyer, I. Dierynck, A. Ghys, M. Beumont, B. Daems, B. Van Baelen, J.C. Sullivan, T.L. Kieffer, S. Zeuzem, G. Picchio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Survey finds support for payments to doctors from commercial companies to be made public
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Almost 80% of doctors, drug industry workers, and their representative organisations believe that payments to doctors by commercial organisations should be disclosed on a single, publicly searchable database, shows research published this week by the Ethical Standards in Health and Life Sciences Group (ESHLSG).

The survey, including responses from healthcare organisations, private companies, NHS and private doctors, academics, and drug industry staff, found that 89% of 1056 respondents agreed that payments to individually named healthcare professionals by companies should be transparent, and 79% agreed that payments should be disclosed on a central, publicly searchable database.1

The consultation is important, because the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, the …
Fulminant Pneumococcemia and Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Sherwin A. Kabins
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Four children with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies died of fulminant pneumococcal infection within several hours of the onset of symptoms. Two of the children had evidence suggestive of intravascular coagulation. It is proposed that sickle cell hemoglobinopathies are host factors, similar to the postsplenectomy state, that predispose the patient to fulminant pneumococcal infection. Children with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies and acute febrile illness, especially those less than 6 years of age, should receive benzyl penicillin G. Oxygen, sodium bicarbonate administered intravenously, and possibly heparin sodium should be given at the earliest sign of altered sensorium, drop in blood pressure, or the appearance of petechiae. In addition, our data support the previously reported association of single or recurrent attacks of nonfulminant pneumococcal meningitis with hemoglobin SS disease. Hemoglobin SS disease should be added to the list of causes of recurrent bacterial meningitis.
Use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against DNA adducts for the detection of DNA lesions in isolated DNA and in single cells.
Authors: R A Baan, O B Zaalberg, A M Fichtinger-Schepman, M A Muysken-Schoen, M J Lansbergen, P H Lohman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Interaction of genotoxic chemicals with their intracellular target, i.e., DNA, may result in the formation of covalent adducts. Various methods have been developed to estimate exposure to genotoxic chemicals by means of molecular dosimetry of DNA adducts. Such experiments have generally been carried out with radiolabeled genotoxicants administered in vitro to cultured cells or in vivo to laboratory animals. Biomonitoring of human exposure to genotoxic chemicals requires methods to detect very small quantities of nonradioactive DNA adducts in limited amounts of sample. Attention has been devoted to the development of immunochemical techniques in which specific DNA adducts can be detected with antibodies. The level of sensitivity achieved in these experiments renders these methods applicable for human biomonitoring. When suitable antibodies are available, the immunochemical approach enables one to analyze various types of adducts separately, and to discriminate between irrelevant (e.g., quickly repairable) and relevant lesions (key lesions) with respect to biological end points such as mutation induction and cancer. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used for the detection of DNA adducts in animal and human tissue. Adducts were measured in DNA from various organs of rats treated with the liver carcinogen 2-AAF. Human exposure to genotoxic agents was studied by the measurement of DNA adducts in blood cells from patients treated with the genotoxic cytostatic cisplatin. Also, the development is described of a system to detect and quantitate DNA adducts at the single-cell level by means of immunofluorescence microscopy, which allows the analysis of small samples of human tissue with preservation of cell morphology.
Diminished reliability of tryptase as risk indicator of mastocytosis in older overweight subjects
Authors: Byrthe J.P.R. Vos, Eveline van der Veer, Pieter C. van Voorst Vader, André B. Mulder, Sicco van der Heide, Suzanne Arends, Johanna C. Kluin-Nelemans, Jan G.R. de Monchy, Jasper J. van Doormaal, Joanne N.G. Oude Elberink
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Expression of Androgen and Estrogen Signaling Components and Stem Cell Markers to Predict Cancer Progression and Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tetsuya Fujimura, Satoru Takahashi, Tomohiko Urano, Kenichi Takayama, Toru Sugihara, Daisuke Obinata, Yuta Yamada, Jimpei Kumagai, Haruki Kume, Yasuyoshi Ouchi, Satoshi Inoue, Yukio Homma
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Genes of androgen and estrogen signaling cells and stem cell–like cells play crucial roles in prostate cancer. This study aimed to predict clinical failure by identifying these prostate cancer-related genes. Experimental Design: We developed models to predict clinical failure using biopsy samples from a training set of 46 and an independent validation set of 30 patients with treatment-naïve prostate cancer with bone metastasis. Cancerous and stromal tissues were separately collected by laser-captured microdissection. We analyzed the association between clinical failure and mRNA expression of the following genes androgen receptor (AR) and its related genes (APP, FOX family, TRIM 36, Oct1, and ACSL 3), stem cell–like molecules (Klf4, c-Myc, Oct 3/4, and Sox2), estrogen receptor (ER), Her2, PSA, and CRP. Results: Logistic analyses to predict prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.0 in both sets for Sox2, Her2, and CRP expression in cancer cells, AR and ERα expression in stromal cells, and clinical parameters. We identified 10 prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival (CSS): Oct1, TRIM36, Sox2, and c-Myc expression in cancer cells; AR, Klf4, and ERα expression in stromal cells; and PSA, Gleason score, and extent of disease. On the basis of these factors, patients were divided into favorable-, intermediate-, and poor-risk groups according to the number of factors present. Five-year CSS rates for the 3 groups were 90%, 32%, and 12% in the training set and 75%, 48%, and 0% in the validation set, respectively. Conclusions: Expression levels of androgen- and estrogen signaling components and stem cell markers are powerful prognostic tools. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4625–35. ©2014 AACR.
Commentary: Income inequality summarises the health burden of individual relative deprivation
Authors: R. G Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of gonorrhoea in an urban area in the United Kingdom.Design: Analysis of all cases of gonorrhoea with regard to age, sex, ethnic group, and socioeconomic group with 1991 census data as a denominator.Setting: Leeds, a comparatively large urban area (population around 700 000) in the United Kingdom.Subjects: All residents of Leeds with culture proved cases of gonorrhoea during 1989-93.Main outcome measure: Relative risk of gonorrhoea.Results: Sex, age, race, and socioeconomic group and area of residence were all independently predictive of risk of infection.Young black men aged 20-29 were at highest risk, with incidences of 3-4% per year.Black subjects were 10 times more likely than white subjects to acquire infection, and subjects from the most deprived socioeconomic areas were more than four times more likely than those from the most affluent areas to acquire infection.Conclusions: Different ethnic and socioeconomic groups vary in their risk of infection with gonorrhoea within an urban area.Targeted interventions and screening to reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted disease are now priorities.
Biological adhesive based on carboxymethyl chitin derivatives and chitin nanofibers
Authors: Kazuo Azuma, Masahiro Nishihara, Haruki Shimizu, Yoshiki Itoh, Osamu Takashima, Tomohiro Osaki, Norihiko Itoh, Tomohiro Imagawa, Yusuke Murahata, Takeshi Tsuka, Hironori Izawa, Shinsuke Ifuku, Saburo Minami, Hiroyuki Saimoto, Yoshiharu Okamoto, Minoru Morimoto
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)