tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of epinephrine and lidocaine therapy on outcome after cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: W D Weaver, C E Fahrenbruch, D D Johnson, A P Hallstrom, L A Cobb, M K Copass
Journal: Circulation (1990)

One hundred ninety-nine patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest persisted in ventricular fibrillation after the first defibrillation attempt and were then randomly assigned to receive either epinephrine or lidocaine before the next two shocks. The resulting electrocardiographic rhythms and outcomes for each group of patients were compared for each group and also compared with results during the prior 2 years, a period when similar patients primarily received sodium bicarbonate as initial adjunctive therapy. Asystole occurred after defibrillation with threefold frequency after repeated injection of lidocaine (15 of 59, 25%) compared with patients treated with epinephrine (four of 55, 7%) (p less than 0.02). There was no difference in the proportion of patients resuscitated after treatment with either lidocaine or epinephrine (51 of 106, 48% vs. 50 of 93, 54%) and in the proportion surviving (18, 19% vs. 21, 20%), respectively. Resuscitation (64% vs. 50%, p less than 0.005) but not survival rates (24% vs. 20%) were higher during the prior 2-year period in which initial adjunctive drug treatment for persistent ventricular fibrillation primarily consisted of a continuous infusion of sodium bicarbonate. The negative effect of lidocaine or epinephrine treatment was explained in part by their influence on delaying subsequent defibrillation attempts. Survival rates were highest (30%) in a subset of patients who received no drug therapy between shocks. We conclude that currently recommended doses of epinephrine and lidocaine are not useful for improving outcome in patients who persist in ventricular fibrillation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reduction of Albumin Excretion Rate in Normotensive Microalbuminuric Type 2 Diabetic Patients During Long-Term Simvastatin Treatment
Authors: Glancarlo Tonolo, Milco Ciccarese, Patrizia Brizzi, Loreta Puddu, Giannina Secchi, Pierangela Calvia, Maria M Atzeni, Maria G Melis, Mario Maioli
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To study the long-term effects of simvastatin on urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) in normotensive microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 19 normotensive microalbuminuric hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients entered a double-blind crossover study for 2 years, receiving either simvastatin (20 mg/day) or placebo (each treatment for 1 year). RESULTS Simvastatin significantly decreased plasma cholesterol (total and LDL) after 52 weeks of treatment. A concomitant significant decrease of AER (25% from basal) with no significant changes in creatinine clearance was observed during the same period. CONCLUSIONS Our data are in keeping with the hypothesis that simvastatin might be used as an additional means to preserve renal function in microalbuminuric hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients.
Fall in Pressure in Radial Artery during Reactive Hyperemia
Authors: JOHN M. WALLACE, EUGENE A. STEAD
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Under conditions of rapid flow, the arterial bed between the aorta and radial artery offers an appreciable resistance to flow. During reactive hyperemia in normal subjects, approximately 30 per cent of the energy of pressure may be lost between the aorta and radial artery. Hypertension produced in normal subjects by infusion of levarterenol increases the gradient in pressure during reactive hyperemia between the aorta and radial artery. Hypertension in patients with hypertensive disease does not increase the gradient during reactive hyperemia beyond that which is produced in normal subjects.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients Using the End-Systolic Wall Stress-Velocity of Circumferential Fiber Shortening Relationship
Authors: Luke Lamers, Greg Ensing, Ricardo Pignatelli, Caren Goldberg, Louis Bezold, Nancy Ayres, Robert Gajarski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Improvement of resting myocardial asynergy with cessation of upright bicycle exercise.
Authors: A Rozanski, U Elkayam, D S Berman, G A Diamond, J Prause, H J Swan
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Exercise generally aggravates ischemic myocardial dysfunction, presumably by increasing tissue oxygen demand out of proportion to the increase in supply. Nevertheless, resting left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities can improve dramatically after upright exercise. To investigate this "paradoxical" phenomenon, we performed upright bicycle exercise equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in 93 patients with angiographic coronary artery disease. Immediately after exercise, LV end-diastolic volume was similar to the resting level (1 +/- 22% of rest value), but end-systolic volume (ESV) was significantly below (p less than 0.05) that at rest (-11 +/- 32%) and LV ejection fraction increased significantly compared with rest (0.57 +/- 0.16 vs 0.51 +/- 0.13, p less than 0.05). Improvement in resting myocardial asynergy was frequent (115 of 330 abnormal segments), and was observed more commonly in patients without pathologic Q waves and in segments manifesting mild rather than severe asynergy. In 60 additional patients with resting asynergy who were also studied after nitroglycerin (NTG), there was 89% concordance of wall motion response in asynergic segments after exercise and NTG: 71 of 85 segments manifesting improvement with NTG also improved after exercise, and 157 of 172 segments without improvement with NTG also failed to improve after exercise. Despite the similar wall motion response, the mechanism of improvement is probably different from that produced by NTG. With NTG, preload (end-diastolic volume) and afterload (systolic blood pressure) were significantly lower than their resting control levels (p less than 0.05). These changes did not occur after exercise. Instead, an isolated, significant reduction in ESV was noted. These data support the hypothesis that catecholamine stimulation is responsible for paradoxical wall motion improvement after upright exercise.
Manual of Skin Diseases
Authors: Robert G. Carney
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Whoever sets out to write a short dermatology textbook for the non-specialist faces the problem of what to include, what to omit, and how much detail to provide. He must also add parts that serve as a primer for those practitioners whose basic dermatologic training was all too little or totally absent. Dr. Sauer has faced these problems and came up with what the reviewer considers the best short text on dermatology for medical students, generalists, and specialists in other fields.  No two dermatologists can be expected to agree exactly on the scope of such a text. I feel that Dr. Sauer has included a few too many items, rare birds the non-dermatologist will probably never see; and even if he should chance to see one of them, he would not recognize it. But if Dr. Sauer has erred here, it is a minor error compared to most books of
Mental probability logic
Authors: Niki Pfeifer, Gernot D. Kleiter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We discuss Oaksford &amp; Chater's (O&amp;C's) probabilistic approach from a probability logical point of view. Specifically, we comment on subjective probability, the indispensability of logic, the Ramsey test, the consequence relation, human nonmonotonic reasoning, intervals, generalized quantifiers, and rational analysis.
Sequential Combination of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin and Standard Chemotherapy in Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of a Randomized Phase III Trial by the EORTC and GIMEMA Consortium (AML-17)
Authors: Sergio Amadori, Stefan Suciu, Roberto Stasi, Helmut R. Salih, Dominik Selleslag, Petra Muus, Paolo De Fabritiis, Adriano Venditti, Anthony D. Ho, Michael Lübbert, Xavier Thomas, Roberto Latagliata, Constantijn J.M. Halkes, Franca Falzetti, Domenico Magro, José E. Guimaraes, Zwi Berneman, Giorgina Specchia, Matthias Karrasch, Paola Fazi, Marco Vignetti, Roel Willemze, Theo de Witte, Jean-Pierre Marie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

This randomized trial evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of sequential gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) and standard chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Patients (n = 472) age 61 to 75 years were randomly assigned to induction chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, cytarabine, and etoposide preceded, or not, by a course of GO (6 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 15). In remission, patients received two consolidation courses with or without GO (3 mg/m(2) on day 0). The primary end point was overall survival (OS).The overall response rate was comparable between the two arms (GO, 45%; no GO, 49%), but induction and 60-day mortality rates were higher in the GO arm (17% v 12% and 22% v 18%, respectively). With median follow-up of 5.2 years, median OS was 7.1 months in the GO arm and 10 months in the no-GO arm (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.45; P = .07). Other survival end points were similar in both arms. Grade 3 to 4 hematologic and liver toxicities were greater in the GO arm. Treatment with GO provided no benefit in any prognostic subgroup, with the possible exception of patients age < 70 years with secondary AML, but outcomes were significantly worse in the oldest age subgroup because of a higher risk of early mortality.As used in this trial, the sequential combination of GO and standard chemotherapy provides no benefit for older patients with AML and is too toxic for those age ≥ 70 years.
Biliary, as well as urinary, calculi become the targets of new, improved shock wave lithotripsy
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hydroxyapatite and urate crystal induced cytokine release by macrophages.
Authors: W H Alwan, P A Dieppe, C J Elson, J W Bradfield
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Destructive osteoarthritis is characterised by rapidly progressive joint destruction associated with intra-articular deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals. The possible role of such crystals in the pathogenesis of this condition was investigated by testing the ability of hydroxyapatite crystals to stimulate the production of bone resorbing activity from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Urate crystals were used for comparison. Culture supernatants were tested for bone resorbing activity using the mouse calvarial bone resorption assay, for interleukin 1 using a standard lymphocyte activation assay, and for prostaglandin E2 by radioimmunoassay. Culture supernatants from macrophages incubated with hydroxyapatite crystals contained dialysable bone resorbing activity, high concentrations of prostaglandin E2, but no interleukin 1 like activity. The production of the bone resorbing agent was prevented by culturing macrophages with hydroxyapatite crystals in the presence of indomethacin. By contrast, culture supernatants from macrophages incubated with urate crystals contained bone resorbing activity, which was only partly removed by dialysis, and interleukin 1 like activity. The latter was shown to be increased in culture supernatants from macrophages incubated with urate crystals in the presence of indomethacin, while production of bone resorbing activity was partially inhibited. It is considered that the bone resorbing activity liberated from macrophages stimulated by hydroxyapatite crystals can be explained by the presence of prostaglandin E2 alone, whereas the activity liberated by urate crystals is due to both prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1.
Reduction of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis stimulates biliary lipid secretion in mice
Authors: Nora Bijl, Cindy P. A. A. van Roomen, Vassilis Triantis, Milka Sokolovic, Roelof Ottenhoff, Saskia Scheij, Marco van Eijk, Rolf G. Boot, Johannes M. Aerts, Albert K. Groen
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Recent reports indicate that glycosphingolipids play an important role in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. We have shown that the iminosugar N-(5'-adamantane-1'-yl-methoxy)-pentyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM), an inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, is a potent enhancer of insulin signaling in rodent models for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we determined whether AMP-DNM also affects lipid homeostasis and, in particular, the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with AMP-DNM for 5 weeks decreased plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol by 35%, whereas neutral sterol excretion increased twofold. Secretion of biliary lipid also increased twofold, which resulted in a similar rise in bile flow. This effect was not due to altered expression levels or kinetics of the various export pumps involved in bile formation. However, the bile salt pool size increased and the expression of Cyp7A1 was up-regulated. In vitro experiments using HepG2 hepatoma cell line revealed this to be due to inhibition of fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19)-mediated suppression of Cyp7A1 via the FGF receptor.Pharmacological modulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism showed surprising effects on lipid homeostasis in C57BL/6J mice. Upon administration of 100 mg AMP-DNM/kg body weight/day, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased, biliary lipid secretion doubled and also the endpoint of reverse cholesterol transport, neutral sterol excretion, doubled.
Sex selection in Asia has debilitating effects on women's health, says UN
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Gender biased sex selection, widespread in many parts of Asia, has serious and profoundly debilitating effects on the mental and physical health of women, says a report by five United Nations agencies.

Selection in favour of boys “is a symptom of pervasive social, cultural, political, and economic injustices against women, and a manifest violation of women’s human rights,” it says.

“The increasing availability of technologies such as amniocentesis and ultrasonography has facilitated an increase in the occurrence of sex selection,” concludes the report, compiled by the World Health Organization, Unicef, UN Women, and other agencies.

The discovery of a female fetus, it argues, can lead to its abortion, and it claims …
GABAA receptor cell surface number and subunit stability are regulated by the ubiquitin-like protein Plic-1
Authors: Fiona K. Bedford, Josef T. Kittler, Emilie Muller, Philip Thomas, Julia M. Uren, Daniela Merlo, William Wisden, Antoine Triller, Trevor G. Smart, Stephen J. Moss
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2001)
Extensive Salivary Contamination Due to Concurrent Use of Chewing Tobacco During 1–131 Radioablative Therapy
Authors: LYNDON S. GRITTERS, JOSEPH WISSING, MILTON D. GROSS, BRAHM SHAPIRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Although multiple authors have reported on various causes of external I-131 contamination after administration of radioiodine, to the authors' knowledge there have been no reported cases of external contamination from salivary secretions due to expectoration of chewing tobacco. A case of extensive I-131 contamination of a hospital room, furniture, and plumbing due to indiscriminate use of chewing tobacco during an inpatient I-131 radio-ablative therapy is presented.
Effects of etanercept on C-reactive protein levels in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: B. Strober, C. Teller, P. Yamauchi, J.L. Miller, M. Hooper, Y-C. Yang, F. Dann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation biomarker, indicates cardiovascular risk and is elevated in psoriasis. The effect of etanercept on CRP in psoriasis has not been previously examined.The primary objective was to examine the effect of etanercept on CRP levels from baseline to week 12 compared with placebo. Secondary objectives included assessment of baseline CRP and relationships between CRP and body mass index (BMI), statin drug use, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores.A retrospective analysis was conducted of CRP levels from patients with psoriasis who participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, U.S. registrational study. Data were analysed separately if patients self-reported psoriatic arthritis.Baseline CRP levels were elevated in patients with psoriasis with and without psoriatic arthritis. CRP was significantly reduced in both groups after 12 weeks of etanercept treatment. Patients with psoriasis with psoriatic arthritis and patients with higher BMIs had higher median baseline CRP values and greater reduction of CRP values compared with those without psoriatic arthritis and those with lower BMIs. Etanercept lowered CRP levels in statin users and nonusers. Regression analyses revealed an association between baseline PASI score and baseline CRP independent of BMI in patients with psoriasis.Patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, with or without psoriatic arthritis, have increased systemic inflammation demonstrated by elevated CRP levels. In psoriasis without psoriatic arthritis, skin disease activity is associated significantly with CRP elevation, independent of BMI, age and sex. Etanercept reduced CRP levels in all but the normal weight psoriasis group without psoriatic arthritis.
Human immunodeficiency virus and liver disease forum 2010: Conference proceedings
Authors: Kenneth E. Sherman, David L. Thomas, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Liver disease continues to represent a critical mediator of morbidity and mortality in those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The frequent presence and overlap of concomitant injurious processes, including hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections, hepatoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapeutic agents, alcohol, and other toxins, in the setting of immunosuppression lead to rapid fibrotic progression and early development of end-stage liver disease. This conference summary describes the proceedings of a state-of-the-art gathering of international experts designed to highlight the status of current research in epidemiology, natural history, pathogenesis, and treatment of HIV and liver disease. (Hepatology 2011)
Treatment of cutaneous lymphoma with etretinate
Authors: A.L. CLAUDY, B. ROUCHOUSE, S. BOUCHERON, J.C. LEPETIT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Twelve patients with various types of lymphoma were treated with etretinate. The diagnosis included parapsoriasis en plaque, epidermotropic lymphoma (diffuse chronic erythroderma with atypical mononuclear cells, Sézary syndrome or MF tumours) and non-epidermotropic lymphoma. The patients received etretinate in a dose of 0.8 to 1.0 mg/kg/day for 2 to 14 months. No additional therapy was given. Patients with epidermotropic lymphomas stage I and II had a favourable clinical and histological response whereas those with deeply infiltrating tumours remained unresponsive. Patients with parapsoriasis en plaque and poikiloderma showed little response. Of the four patients who discontinued the treatment, three had recurrences after 3 to 4 months but one remained clear. The results obtained with etretinate may equal those obtained with more aggressive treatments.
Plasma levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) relate to coronary events after angioplasty in patients with unstable angina pectoris
Authors: Hajime Yamashita, Shoichi Ehara, Takahiko Naruko, Kazuo Haze, Minoru Yoshiyama, Toshihiko Matsuo, Kazuhide Takeuchi, Junichi Yoshikawa, Makiko Ueda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Outcome of Hospital Care — The Patient's View
Authors: Charles S. Houston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

How do patients feel about their hospital care? Unlike physicians and others who work there, most patients come to the hospital with problems they did not want and seek to be rid of. Most are naïve about the hospital environment, and often fearful or insecure. Examined, talked over, tested and tended by a strange and changing throng of students, doctors, nurses and technicians, does the object of hospital attention feel himself to be an inanimate problem rather than the raison d'être of the whole complex? A recent study1 concludes that at least the medical service of one Vermont hospital is . . .
Primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder following cardiac transplantation in a 15-year-old boy with Netherton's syndrome
Authors: R.P. Katugampola, A.Y. Finlay, J.I. Harper, S. Dojcinov, T.S. Maughan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (PCTCLDs) are uncommon in organ transplant recipients. CD30+ PCTCLDs are rare in children and have not previously been reported following organ transplantation. We report a 15-year-old boy with Netherton's syndrome who developed CD30+ PCTCLD 6 years following a cardiac transplantation.
Blockage of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors suppresses migration and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Shogo Ishiuchi, Keisuke Tsuzuki, Yukari Yoshida, Nobuaki Yamada, Norikazu Hagimura, Haruo Okado, Akiko Miwa, Hideyuki Kurihara, Yoichi Nakazato, Masaru Tamura, Tomio Sasaki, Seiji Ozawa
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Norepinephrine in Shock Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JOHN J. SAMPSON, ALBERT ZIPSER
Journal: Circulation (1954)

A clinical study is presented of the influence of continuous intravenous norepinephrine therapy upon shock accompanying myocardial infarction. The significant reduction in immediate and eventual mortality rates usually associated with this condition are discussed. Complications are defined, and a possible first reported instance is presented of ventricular tachycardia developing in the presence of complete heart block during the administration of large doses of norepinephrine.
Evaluation of Patterns of Perfusion and Metabolism in Dobutamine-Responsive Myocardium
Authors: Stephen Sawada, Gregory Elsner, Douglas S Segar, Mark O’Shaughnessy, Samer Khouri, Judy Foltz, Patrick D.V Bourdillon, John R Bates, Naomi Fineberg, PhD, Thomas Ryan, Gary D Hutchins, PhD, Harvey Feigenbaum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Visualization of One's Own Cataract
Authors: A. Brenton Schiffer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In addition to the letter by Donald Thomas, MD, I believe Oliver Wendell Holmes the physician once said, in alluding to the infirmities of old age, When I look into the microscope, I see my cataract looking back at me.  (The viewer holding the ophthalmoscope also sees his cataract.)