tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on renal function and blood pressure in anesthetized Wistar rats.
Authors: H Hohage, C Reinhardt, U Borucki, G Enck, H Schlüter, E Schlatter, W Zidek
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

In this study, the effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on kidney function were examined. Intravenous application of diadenosine hexaphosphate (AP6A) led to a significant threefold increase in both urine flow (from 2.45 +/- 0.2 to 13.8 +/- 0.74 microL/min per 100 g body wt (P < 0.05)) and Na+ excretion (from 0.41 +/- 0.12 to 1.52 +/- 0.28 mumol/min per 100 g body wt at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body wt). In contrast, diadenosine triphosphate dose-dependently reduced urine flow (from 3.74 +/- 0.3 to 2.57 +/- 0.1 microL/min per 100 g body wt (P < 0.05)) and Na+ excretion (from 0.45 +/- 0.1 to 0.13 +/- 0.1 mumol/min per 100 g body wt at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body wt). ATP and the P2y purinoceptor agonist gamma-S-ATP did not significantly modulate urine flow and Na+ excretion. alpha, beta-methylene-ATP, a P2x purinoceptor agonist, significantly increased urine flow from 1.74 +/- 0.5 to 4.07 +/- 1.51 microL/min per 100 g body wt, whereas Na+ excretion was unaffected. The effects were independent of alterations in GFR. Pretreatment with indomethacin (2.0 mg/kg body wt iv) completely abolished the effects of AP6A on urine flow and Na+ excretion. Similarly, pretreatment with the endothelin antagonist bosentan abolished the effects of AP6A on both urine flow and Na+ excretion, whereas suramin had no effects on the AP6A-induced increase in urine flow. In conclusion, diadenosine polyphosphates exert specific actions on urine flow and Na+ excretion that are different from the effects of ATP. AP6A may partially influence renal function by stimulating prostaglandin and endothelin release.
Weakness of respiratory and skeletal muscles after a short course of steroids in patients with acute lung rejection
Authors: S. Nava, C. Fracchia, G. Callegari, N. Ambrosino, N. Barbarito, G. Felicetti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

There have been occasional reports of acute respiratory and skeletal muscle weakness in intensive care unit patients treated with massive doses of corticosteroids. However, in this setting the concomitant use of other drugs may have influenced the finding. In this study the effects of 5 days of treatment with high doses of steroids in consecutive patients with acute lung rejection after transplantation were systematically evaluated. Maximal inspiratory pressure during phrenic nerve stimulation and peak torque of isokinetic contraction of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles were measured objectively. Compared to the pretreatment condition, ∼45% of patients showed acute generalised muscle weakness that recovered after ∼2 months. This demonstrates muscle weakness induced by steroids within patients.
High-performance sports medicine: an ancient but evolving field: Table 1
Authors: Cathy Speed, Rod Jaques
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The recognition of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) as a new medical specialty in the UK in 2005 represented a landmark in an area of medicine that began its journey in Greco-Roman times, 2500 years ago. The fathers of our specialty, Herodicus (480 bc), Hippocrates (460–370 bc) and then Galen (ad 129–210), recognised the need to promote and prescribe exercise for health-related benefit, and the need to provide general medical care for the athletic individual.1 2 Such principles form the core components of our specialty today.

High-performance sports medicine (HPSM) is a small area of SEM that is specifically focused upon high-performance (‘elite’) athletes—those competing at national or international level, and those involved in professional sports. It is clear from the writings of Hippocrates thatHPSM clearly did exist in Greco-Roman times.1 2 He described the use of medical approaches to optimise the effects of, and recovery from, training, and indeed he dedicated the second volume of his series ‘regimen’ to this subject.2 HPSM subsequently faded until the 19th century, re-emerging when a new era of formal competitive sport began. In those times, there was considerable medical debate relating to the needs of the athlete; there were views that intensive training represented serious adverse physical and physiological consequences. There was negativity towards the pursuit of athletic excellence, resistance to the concept that sports medicine was not ‘real medicine’ and disinterest in understanding the challenges of human physiology at the extremes.3 Some of these views persist in some of the less informed today. Nevertheless, in the modern era, high-performance sport plays a central role in our culture, society and our national identities, and with thatHPSM has an evolving identity and an increasingly prominent and positive profile.

In this series of three short articles on HPSM, we aim to describe …
Endothelin-1 in stable bronchiectasis
Authors: L Zheng, G. Tipoe, W-K Lam, J.C.m Ho, I Shum, G.c Ooi, R Leung, K.W.t Tsang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Endothelin (ET)-1 has been suggested to promote neutrophil adhesion to endothelium, migration to inflamed areas, and release of elastase. ET-1 might therefore play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis, a chronic inflammatory and infective airway disease which is still poorly understood. Thirty five patients with stable bronchiectasis (20 females, mean age+/-SD 49.1+/-15.0 yrs) and 18 control subjects (8 females, 49.4+/-11.3 yrs) were recruited prospectively. The ET-1 levels in serum and sputum were measured by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their sputum had a significantly higher serum level of ET-1 (median 25.8, interquartile range 13-43.9 pg x mL(-1)) than patients without P. aeruginosa (0, 0-10.5 pg x mL(-1); p=0.0004) and healthy control subjects (4.6, 0-16.3 pg x mL(-1); p=0.002). However, patients with and without P. aeruginosa infection had no significant difference in sputum ET-1 level (p=0.15). There was no correlation between serum or sputum ET-1 levels with the serum and sputum levels of the interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha; the number of bronchiectasis lung lobes; and spirometry. Serum ET-1 level correlated with 24 h sputum volume for the bronchiectasis patients (r=0.51, p=0.002). The results, therefore, suggest a significant pathogenic role for endothelin-1 among Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected patients with bronchiectasis. Further studies should be performed to evaluate the clinico-pathological correlation and expression of endothelin-1 in bronchiectasis.
Leishmania infection occurring in herpes zoster lesions in an HIV-positive patient
Authors: J. BARRIO, M. LECONA, J. COSIN, F. J. OLALQUIAGA, J. M. HERNANZ, J. SOTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report the first case of co‐infection with herpes zoster and leishmania in the same lesion, on the face of a 29‐year‐old female, who was an intravenous drug user and who was HIV positive. The infection was initially resistant to acyclovir and itraconazole, and the patient died due to severe infection in the Mediterranean countries is increasing among the HIV‐positive population because of the existence of human carriers. Paradoxically, most of these patients show mild forms of visceral leishmaniasis.
Radiation Effects on Development of HER2-Positive Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Fabio Castiglioni, Monica Terenziani, Maria Luisa Carcangiu, Raffaella Miliano, Piera Aiello, Lorenzo Bertola, Tiziana Triulzi, Patrizia Gasparini, Tiziana Camerini, Gabriella Sozzi, Franca Fossati-Bellani, Sylvie Ménard, Elda Tagliabue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Neither hormone-related nor genetics risk factors have been associated with the development of highly proliferative HER2-positive breast carcinomas. Because the majority of HER2-positive tumors present the amplification of the oncogene, we asked whether genomic instability triggered by irradiation might be involved in the induction of HER2-overexpressing breast carcinomas. Experimental Design: Sixty-six infiltrating breast carcinomas from patients treated with radiation therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma or other pediatric solid tumors and a control series of 61 consecutive sporadic breast tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for HER2 expression with HercepTest. A panel of antibodies against estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, c-kit, cytokeratin 5/6, p53, and ki67 antigen was also used to identify differentiation subsets and molecular characteristics of the analyzed breast carcinomas. Results: Although no differences between the two tumor series were found with respect to HER2 expression scored 2+ and 3+, the percentage of 3+ HER2-positive tumors was significantly higher in patients irradiated during breast maturation compared with patients irradiated after breast maturation (35.3% versus 12.5%, P = 0.046). In the latter group, 52.5% of the breast carcinomas showed basal-like differentiation (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 negative) versus only 5.9% in the group irradiated during breast development (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Analysis adjusted for age confirmed the significant increase in basal-like tumor development in patients irradiated within 4 years of menarche, but also showed that the differences between patients irradiated before and after puberty in HER2 3+ tumor frequencies are due to age-related differences in HER2 3+ tumor onset. Conclusion: Together, our data indicate that the development of HER2-positive tumors correlates with timing rather than type of carcinogenic hits and provide clear evidence that radiation is a risk factor for breast carcinomas showing basal-like differentiation.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis
Authors: Andrea S. Colton, Lawrence Schachner, Alexander P. Kowalczyk
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1986)

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis was first described by Ofuji et al in 1970. It is characterized by pruritic circinate plaques that are studded with follicular papules and pustules. Lesions are located chiefly on the face, trunk, and arms. Biopsies of lesions demonstrate an infiltrate of eosinophils and neutrophils within hair follicles, dermis, and epidermis. Peripheral leukocytosis and eosinophilia are common. Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis was first described by Ofuji et al in 1970. It is characterized by pruritic circinate plaques that are studded with follicular papules and pustules. Lesions are located chiefly on the face, trunk, and arms. Biopsies of lesions demonstrate an infiltrate of eosinophils and neutrophils within hair follicles, dermis, and epidermis. Peripheral leukocytosis and eosinophilia are common.
Acting via a Cell Surface Receptor, Thyroid Hormone Is a Growth Factor for Glioma Cells
Authors: Faith B. Davis, Heng-Yuan Tang, Ai Shih, Travis Keating, Lawrence Lansing, Aleck Hercbergs, Robert A. Fenstermaker, Ahmed Mousa, Shaker A. Mousa, Paul J. Davis, Hung-Yun Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that the thyroid hormone l-thyroxine (T4) stimulates growth of cancer cells via a plasma membrane receptor on integrin αVβ3. The contribution of this recently described receptor for thyroid hormone and receptor-based stimulation of cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)] activity, to enhancement of cell proliferation by thyroid hormone was quantitated functionally and by immunologic means in three glioma cell lines exposed to T4. At concentrations of 1 to 100 nmol/L, T4 caused proliferation of C6, F98, and GL261 cells, measured by accumulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and radiolabeled thymidine incorporation. This effect was inhibited by the T4 analogue, tetraiodothyroacetic acid, and by an αVβ3 RGD recognition site peptide, both of which block T4 binding to integrin αVβ3 but are not agonists. Activation of MAPK by T4 was similarly inhibited by tetraiodothyroacetic acid and the RGD peptide. The thyroid hormone 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and T4 were equipotent stimulators of PCNA accumulation in C6, F98, and GL261 cells, but physiologic concentrations of T3 are 50-fold lower than those of T4. In conclusion, our studies suggest that glioblastoma cells are thyroid hormone dependent and provide a molecular basis for recent clinical observations that induction of mild hypothyroidism may improve duration of survival in glioblastoma patients. The present experiments infer a novel cell membrane receptor-mediated basis for the growth-promoting activity of thyroid hormone in such tumors and suggest new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of patients with glioblastoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 7270-5)
Non–Voltage-Gated Ca <sup>2+</sup> Influx Through Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Aortic Baroreceptor Neurons
Authors: Margaret J. Sullivan, Ram V. Sharma, Ruth E. Wachtel, Mark W. Chapleau, Laurie J. Waite, Ramesh C. Bhalla, Francois M. Abboud
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

The mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction in baroreceptor neurons (BRNs) are undefined. In this study, we specifically identified aortic baroreceptor neurons in primary neuronal cell cultures from nodose ganglia of rats. Aortic baroreceptor neurons were identified by labeling their soma with the fluorescent dye 1,1'-dioleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylin-docarbocyanine (DiI) applied to the aortic arch. Using Ca2+ imaging with fura 2, we examined these BRNs for evidence of Ca2+ influx and determined its mechanosensitivity and voltage dependence. Mechanical stimuli were produced by ejecting buffer from a micropipette onto the cell surface with a pneumatic picopump, producing a shift in the center of mass of the cell that was related to intensity of stimulation. Ninety-three percent of DiI-labeled neurons responded to mechanical stimulation with an increase in [Ca2+]i. The magnitude of the increases in [Ca2+]i was directly related to the intensity of the stimulus and required the presence of external Ca2+. The trivalent cations Gd3+ or La3+ in equimolar concentrations (20 mumol/L) eliminated the K(+)-induced rises in [Ca2+]i, demonstrating that both trivalent cations are equally effective at blocking voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in these baroreceptor neurons. In contrast, the mechanically induced increases in [Ca2+]i were blocked by Gd3+ (20 mumol/L) only and not by La3+ (20 mumol/L). Stretch-activated channels (SACs) have been shown in other preparations to be blocked by Gd3+ specifically. Our data demonstrate that (1) BRNs, specifically identified as projecting to the aortic arch, have ion channels that are sensitive to mechanical stimuli; (2) mechanically induced Ca2+ influx in these cells is mediated by a Gd(3+)-sensitive ion channel and not by voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; (3) the magnitude of the Ca2+ influx is dependent on the intensity of the stimulus and the degree and duration of deformation; and (4) repeated stimuli of the same intensity result in comparable increases in [Ca2+]i. We conclude that mechanical stimulation increases Ca2+ influx into aortic BRNs independent of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The results suggest that Gd(3+)-sensitive SACs are the mechanoelectrical transducers in baroreceptors.
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid substance p concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression.
Authors: Thomas D. Geracioti, Linda L. Carpenter, Michael J. Owens, Dewleen G. Baker, Nosakhare N. Ekhator, Paul S. Horn, Jeffrey R. Strawn, Gerard Sanacora, Becky Kinkead, Lawrence H. Price, Charles B. Nemeroff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

The authors tested the hypothesis that concentrations of the pain-transmitting neuropeptide substance P are elevated in the CSF of patients with major depression or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which have overlapping symptoms. The authors also sought to determine if CNS substance P concentrations change on provocation of symptoms in PTSD patients.The authors measured CSF substance P concentrations in medication-free patients with either major depression or PTSD and in healthy comparison subjects. Next, using a within-subject, crossover design, the authors sampled CSF for 6 hours through an indwelling subarachnoid catheter in PTSD patients before, during, and after exposure to a 60-minute traumatic or neutral videotape stimulus.Both depressed and PTSD patients had significantly elevated basal CSF substance P concentrations. In the challenge study, marked increases in CSF substance P concentrations were found only after precipitation of PTSD symptoms. CSF substance P concentrations increased by 169% and 90.6% of baseline levels at 10 and 70 minutes, respectively, after the start of the traumatic videotape but changed by only 1.1% and -8.1% of baseline levels 10 and 70 minutes after the start of the neutral videotape.These results suggest that elevated CNS substance P concentrations are involved in both major depression and PTSD. The marked increase in CSF substance P concentrations during and after the symptom-provoking stimulus, but not after the neutral stimulus, implicates CNS release of substance P in the mechanism of acute PTSD symptoms. These data also reveal that CNS substance P responds acutely to psychological stress in humans.
Classifying Genomic Sequences by Sequence Feature Analysis
Authors: Zhi-Hua Liu, Dian Jiao, Xiao Sun
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2005)

Abstract Traditional sequence analysis depends on sequence alignment. In this study, we analyzed various functional regions of the human genome based on sequence features, including word frequency, dinucleotide relative abundance, and base-base correlation. We analyzed the human chromosome 22 and classified the upstream, exon, intron, downstream, and intergenic regions by principal component analysis and discriminant analysis of these features. The results show that we could classify the functional regions of genome based on sequence feature and discriminant analysis.
Establishment of the Mesodermal Cell Line QCE-6
Authors: Carol A. Eisenberg, David M. Bader
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract The QCE-6 cell line was derived from precardiac mesoderm of the Japanese quail. As previously reported, these cells are able to differentiate into two distinct cardiac cell types with myocardial or endocardial endothelial cell properties. This present communication describes in detail the derivation of this cell line and further characterizes the nontreated and induced myocardial and endothelial phenotypes of these cells. The QCE-6 cells exhibit an epithelial morphology, as well as the pattern of protein expression, that is characteristic of precardiac mesoderm. Treatment with retinoic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, and TGF-β3 induces these cells to differentiate and produce mixed cultures of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The epithelial cells express myosin, desmin, and cardiac troponin I in a punctate pattern throughout the cytoplasm. These sarcomeric proteins become organized in a premyofibrillar pattern when TGF-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II are added in combination along with retinoic acid, bFGF, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. Also, these treatments induce Na + ,K + -ATPase expression. When the QCE-6 cells are cultured on collagen type I, the mesenchymal cells that are promoted by retinoic acid, bFGF, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 will invade the gel. These mesenchymal cells are positive for QH1 and JB3, which are both markers for presumptive endocardial cells within the early cardiogenic mesoderm. The addition of both PDGF-BB and IGF II to QCE-6 cell cultures will inhibit the ability of retinoic acid, bFGF, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 to induce both the mesenchymal morphology and QH1 and JB3 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that the process of cardiac cell differentiation is regulated by multiple signals and that early cardiogenic mesoderm contains a bipotential stem cell that can give rise to both the myocardial and endocardial lineages. More important, since the QCE-6 cells are representative of early cardiogenic cells, this cell line offers a unique model system to study cardiac cell differentiation.
Valgus deformity and proximal subluxation of the rheumatoid elbow: a radiographic 15 year follow up study of 148 elbows
Authors: J T Lehtinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

To evaluate the nature of positional changes of humeroulnar (HU) and humeroradial (HR) joints in a cohort of 74 patients with seropositive and erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) followed up prospectively.At the 15 year follow up standard anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of 148 elbow joints were evaluated. The mediolateral HU angle of the elbow was measured from anteroposterior radiographs. The proximal subluxation of the HU joint was measured from lateral radiographs as the distance between the posterior aspect of the olecranon process and the posterior surface of the humerus. The anteroposterior subluxation of the HR joint was measured from lateral radiographs as the relation of the midpoint of head of the radius to the midpoint of the capitellum of the humerus. Destruction of the elbow joints was assessed with the Larsen method on a scale of 0 to 5 and compared with the measurements.Mean HU angle in 148 elbows of patients with RA was 11.5 degrees (SD 6.1), range -21 degrees (varus) to 34 degrees (valgus); 9.9 degrees (SD 4.3) in men and 12.0 degrees (SD 6.4) in women. The mean HU angle, 14.4 degrees (SD 6.0) of the affected joints (Larsen grades 2-4), showed more valgus than the mean 9.8 degrees (SD 2.5) of the non-affected (Larsen grades 0 to 1) joints; totally destroyed and unstable Larsen 5 joints were excluded. Mean HU and HR subluxations, 2.0 mm (SD 3.8) and 0.8 mm, of the affected joints (Larsen 2-5) were greater than the means, -1.1 mm (SD 1.5) and -0.4 mm (SD 0.9), of the non-affected joints. Both the HU proximal subluxation and the HR anterior subluxation correlated, r(s)=0.64 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.73 ) and r(s)=0.48 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.60), with the destruction of the elbow joint.The elbow seems to turn into valgus during rheumatoid destruction and excision of the radial head may speed up this process. However, totally unstable Larsen grade 5 joints may also have varus deformity owing to mutilating bone destruction. The ulna subluxates proximally in relation to the humerus, whereas the radius moves slightly anteriorly as a consequence of elbow involvement.
Effect of cangrelor on periprocedural outcomes in percutaneous coronary interventions: a pooled analysis of patient-level data
Authors: Philippe Gabriel Steg, Deepak L Bhatt, Christian W Hamm, Gregg W Stone, C Michael Gibson, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Sergio Leonardi, Tiepu Liu, Simona Skerjanec, Jonathan R Day, Robert S Iwaoka, Thomas D Stuckey, Harinder S Gogia, Luis Gruberg, William J French, Harvey D White, Robert A Harrington
Journal: The Lancet (2013)