tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperinsulinemia in Cord Blood in Mothers With Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in New Zealand
Authors: Jenny A. Westgate, Robert S. Lindsay, Judith Beattie, Neil S. Pattison, Greg Gamble, Lindsay F.J. Mildenhall, Bernhard H. Breier, Frank D. Johnstone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—In genetically diabetes-prone populations, maternal diabetes during pregnancy increases the risk of their children developing diabetes and obesity (the vicious cycle of type 2 diabetes). Fetal hyperinsulinemia at birth acts as a marker of this risk. We therefore examined whether cord insulin and leptin concentrations are increased in offspring of Maori and Pacific Island mothers with type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and varying degrees of glycemic control (HbA1c). RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS—Maori and Pacific Island mothers were prospectively recruited at Middlemore Hospital, South Auckland. Cord blood was taken from umbilical vein at birth from singleton babies born after 32 weeks of gestation to 138 mothers with GDM, 39 mothers with type 2 diabetes, and 95 control mothers. RESULTS—Babies born to mothers with both type 2 diabetes and GDM had higher birth weight and skinfold thickness and markedly higher concentrations of insulin (median [interquartile range] type 2 diabetes 77 pmol/l [42–143], GDM 67 pmol/l [42–235], and control subjects 33 pmol/l [18–62]; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and leptin (type 2 diabetes 39 ng/ml [18–75], GDM 31 ng/ml [17–58], and control subjects 13 ng/ml [8–22]; P &amp;lt; 0.001) in cord blood. Cord insulin concentrations &amp;gt;120 pmol/l were found in 29% of offspring of mothers with GDM and 31% of mothers with type 2 diabetes. Many mothers with GDM had abnormalities of glucose tolerance postpartum (20% type 2 diabetes, 34% impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose). Higher cord insulin (57 pmol/l [40–94]) and leptin (26 ng/ml [17–39]) concentrations were found even in offspring of GDM mothers with normal glucose tolerance postpartum. CONCLUSIONS—Raised cord insulin and leptin concentrations are a common finding in offspring of mothers with type 2 diabetes and GDM in this population.
Delayed early embryonic lethality following disruption of the murine cyclin A2 gene
Authors: Martin Murphy, Marie-Georges Stinnakre, Catherine Senamaud-Beaufort, Nicola J. Winston, Claire Sweeney, Michal Kubelka, Mark Carrington, Christian Bréchot, Joëlle Sobczak-Thépot
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
The Resource-Based Relative Value Scale
Authors: Joe Douglas Watts
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hsiao et al<sup>1</sup>concluded that redistribution of 1986 Medicare physician payments according to their Resource-Based Relative Value Scale would have led to 56% increased payments for evaluation and management services and 42% reduced payments for invasive services. A physician with predominantly invasive work would assume a 42% reduction in fees and revenue; with a steady overhead (about 50% of current revenue), however, this would represent an 84% loss of income after expenses. The authors incorrectly assume that relative practice income, or overhead/revenues, would remain constant in any redistribution of fees and revenue. In fact, with a constant overhead, the relative practice income is inversely proportional to revenue. The change in fees would be less than is stated.
Childhood Outcomes after Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy
Authors: Seetha Shankaran, Athina Pappas, Scott A. McDonald, Betty R. Vohr, Susan R. Hintz, Kimberly Yolton, Kathryn E. Gustafson, Theresa M. Leach, Charles Green, Rebecca Bara, Carolyn M. Petrie Huitema, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Jon E. Tyson, Abhik Das, Jane Hammond, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Patricia W. Evans, Roy J. Heyne, Deanne E. Wilson-Costello, Yvonne E. Vaucher, Charles R. Bauer, Anna M. Dusick, Ira Adams-Chapman, Ricki F. Goldstein, Ronnie Guillet, Lu-Ann Papile, Rosemary D. Higgins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

We previously reported early results of a randomized trial of whole-body hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy showing a significant reduction in the rate of death or moderate or severe disability at 18 to 22 months of age. Long-term outcomes are now available.
Control of Iron Absorption by the Intestinal Epithelial Cell
Authors: P. H. PINKERTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The control of absorption of iron by the small intestinal mucosa is briefly reviewed. A hypothetical model for the control of iron absorption is presented. A pathway involving a carrier substance and an enzyme ("iron transferase"), necessary for the movement of iron from the mucosal cell to the plasma and tissues, is postulated to explain some of the features of inorganic iron absorption from low doses. The relationship of heme iron absorption and inorganic iron absorption is also considered.
Leukocyte-Plasma Interaction in Fibrinolysis
Authors: Leonard A. Moroz, Allan D. Sniderman, Derek G. F. Marpole
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IT is generally accepted that urokinase (EC 3.4.99.26) increases fibrinolytic activity by activating the plasma zymogen, plasminogen, to the serine proteinase, plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7).1 , 2 This interpretation is based largely on in vivo and in vitro studies in which fibrinolysis was monitored by blood or plasma clot-lysis methods,3 4 5 which do not discriminate between cellular and fluid (plasma) phase contributions to fibrinolysis. Using a [125I]fibrin solid-phase assay capable of measuring fibrinolytic activities of blood and plasma, we have examined fibrinolysis in a patient receiving urokinase and studied the effects of urokinase in vitro. The findings indicate that leukocytes and the leukocyte-plasma . . .
Smoking and asthma
Authors: A. Raghuram, B.R. O’Driscoll
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

this capability bestows even further value to induced sputum testing [6].As to the safety of sputum induction, this technique was found to be free of risk in patients with asthma of varying severity [7,8] and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [9].The sputum induction procedure produces a minimal fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) which can be inhibited by pretreatment with salbutamol [10].With regard to the decrease of arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O 2 ) during the induction of sputum, the results are still controversial: some reports show a slight fall in Sa,O 2 which was not clinically significant [9], while others show more significant effects [10].In light of these inconsistencies, we suggest that the effect of induced sputum on the arterial oxygen saturation in patients with ILD must be monitored during sputum induction.This does not distract from the fact that induced sputum continues to be a much less invasive technique when compared with bronchoalveolar lavage.In conclusion, we do not propose that induced sputum should replace bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy or other similar techniques but that it serve as another complementary or supplementary test that can be added to those recommended by the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society executive committee for the first evaluation of patients with sarcoidosis, that it serve as another marker of activity to those already proposed as being potential diagnostic aids or indices of activation [11].Our data show that analysis of CD4/CD8 cell subsets by induced sputum can be as helpful as BAL analysis in diagnosing sarcoidosis, and that it has prognostic value in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, for whom there are clinical contraindications for undergoing bronchoscopy or when, for any other reasons, tissue samples are not available.
Airway response to electrical field stimulation in sensitized inbred mice. Passive transfer of increased responsiveness with peribronchial lymph nodes.
Authors: G L Larsen, H Renz, J E Loader, K L Bradley, E W Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We have examined the effects of repeated exposure to antigen on airway responses to cholinergic stimulation in two inbred strains of mice that are similar in underlying cholinergic airway responsiveness, yet differ in their ability to produce IgE. Both BALB/c and SJL/J mice were repeatedly exposed to ovalbumin by inhalation for a 10-d period. While the BALB/c mice developed IgE antibody to this allergen, the SJL/J strain failed to mount an appreciable IgE response. In vitro assessments of the response of tracheal smooth muscle from saline exposed mice (controls) of both strains demonstrated responses to both methacholine and electrical field stimulation that were not significantly different between the strains. Following exposure to ovalbumin, the BALB/c strain developed a significant increase in their response to electrical field stimulation, while their response to methacholine was unaltered. In contrast, the in vitro responsiveness to these stimuli did not increase in SJL/J mice following similar exposure to inhaled nebulized ovalbumin. The passive transfer of cells from the peribronchial lymph nodes of ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice into syngeneic nonimmune mice also led to increases in responsiveness of tracheal smooth muscle to electrical field stimulation. In contrast, transfer of cells from nonsensitized mice did not alter responsiveness. These results suggest that murine species capable of developing an IgE response to allergen also develop alterations in the neural control of their airways. Further, this alteration appears to be lymphocyte dependent, in that cells found within peribronchial lymph nodes following allergen exposure are capable of transferring this increase in responsiveness to nonimmune mice.
Adverse Events Reported Following Live, Cold-Adapted, Intranasal Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Hector S. Izurieta
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextIn June 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration licensed a trivalent live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV-T) for intranasal administration to healthy persons 5 to 49 years of age. Although prelicensure testing involved 20 228 vaccinees, clinical trials were not of sufficient size to detect rare adverse events reliably.ObjectiveTo identify adverse events reported following LAIV-T administration after licensure.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAll adverse events reported to the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) during the 2003-2004 and the 2004-2005 influenza seasons.Main Outcome MeasuresNumbers and proportions of reported adverse events and reporting rates of adverse events per 100 000 vaccinees.ResultsApproximately 2 500 000 persons received LAIV-T during the first 2 postlicensure seasons. As of August 16, 2005, VAERS received 460 adverse event reports for vaccinations received from August 2003 through July 2005. No fatalities were reported. There were 7 reports of possible anaphylaxis, 2 reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1 report of Bell palsy, and 8 reports of asthma exacerbation among individuals with a prior asthma history. Events in individuals for whom the vaccine was not indicated accounted for 73 reports (16%).ConclusionsReports to VAERS in the first 2 seasons of LAIV-T use did not identify any unexpected serious risks with this vaccine when used according to approved indications. Like many vaccines and other medical products, LAIV-T may rarely cause anaphylaxis. Secondary transmission of the vaccine virus merits further investigation. Reports of asthma exacerbations in vaccinees with prior asthma history highlight the risks of vaccine use inconsistent with approved labeling.
Transcriptional repression of Bmp2 by p21Waf1/Cip1 links quiescence to neural stem cell maintenance
Authors: Eva Porlan, José Manuel Morante-Redolat, María Ángeles Marqués-Torrejón, Celia Andreu-Agulló, Carmen Carneiro, Esther Gómez-Ibarlucea, Atenea Soto, Anxo Vidal, Sacri R Ferrón, Isabel Fariñas
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
A New Transnasal Sonde Type Fiberscope (SSIF type VII) as a Pan-Enteroscope
Authors: M. Tada, S. Shimizu, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

The sonde type enteroscopes (SSIF, Olympus) are long, slender, flexible instruments which resemble the Miller-Abbott or Cantor tube. To date, six types of SSIF (types I-VI) designed for oral insertion have been available. These scopes are introduced into the lower part of the small intestine by peristalsis, and the examination was seldom risky. The patient, however, often complained of pharyngeal discomfort, which reduced his tolerance. A new enteroscope, the SSIF type VII, with no metal hood and slender enough to permit nasal insertion has been developed. Enteroscopy with this fiberscope is adequately tolerable, even in the case of a long examination, and observation of most of the small intestine is possible without risk or discomfort.
Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Hyperalimentation
Authors: Derrick Lonsdale
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The CLINICAL NOTE by Kramer and Goodwin (238:2176,1977) should draw attention to a phenomenon that seems to receive little attention in considering nutritional disturbances. In our own institution there were no less than six cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a short period of time two years ago. All patients were receiving supplementary vitamins. Of these, the most interesting was a 57-year-old woman who was considered to be in good health until May 1975 when she noted progressive fatigue, weakness, and dizziness. She was found to have esophagitis and mild gastritis. Exploratory laparotomy disclosed no abnormality. She was transferred to Cleveland Clinic Hospital, and during 81 hospital days she received 75 units of blood because of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient exhibited a bleeding diathesis and right pleural effusion throughout the course. Between Sept 1 and Oct 2 she averaged an intake of 24 mg/day of thiamine, and
Book Review Medicare Meets Mephistopheles By David A. Hyman. 138 pp., illustrated. Washington, DC, Cato Institute, 2006. $14.95 (cloth); $9.95 (paper). 978-1-930865-90-7 (cloth); 978-1-930865-92-1 (paper).
Authors: Peter D. Jacobson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Haemostasis and Thrombosis
Authors: T. Michael White
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Hardly a day goes by when I am not reminded how fortunate I am to be a physician in 1982. We are helping patients in ways never before thought possible. This appears to be the result of dedicated and careful scientific clinical investigation.<i>Haemostasis and Thrombosis</i>, edited by Bloom and Thomas, is a case in point. It is an exciting, esoteric, yet practical tome. Sixty-four authors, each with expertise in his field and under tight editorial review, have contributed to create a much-needed resource for current therapeutic considerations and future research. But the book is more than that. It is a communication of the authors' knowledge among themselves. I believe that this will lead in short order to mastery of that which still mystifies us. The text has essentially five elements: (1) It is a basic science text for the field of hemostasis and thrombosis. If you are interested in
IMPACT OF BASELINE QRS MORPHOLOGY COMBINED WITH MECHANICAL DYSSYNCHRONY ON LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Hideyuki Hara, Olusegun Oyenuga, Stephanie Haberman, Evan C. Adelstein, Samir Saba, John Gorcsan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Esophageal Radionuclide Transit Tests
Authors: J M BLACKWELL, J E RICHTER, W C WU, R J COWAN, D O CASTELL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Esophageal radionuclide transit testing is a sensitive technique for assessing esophageal clearance. Experience with the technique in 150 patients has led to an awareness of several pitfalls which might lead to false-positive results. Potential problems may be grouped into technical factors, clinical aspects, and misinterpretations. Examples of these are presented and techniques to minimize such problems are discussed.
Subcutaneous Crystal Deposition in Pseudogout
Authors: Bruce M. Rothschild
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Aspiration of inflamed periarticular tissues in seven patients suspected of having gout on clinical examination revealed positively birefringent calcium pyrophosphate crystals. The identification of calcium pyrophosphate crystals within articular structures and in the surrounding soft tissues and radiologic findings of chondrocalcinosis, in the absence of identifiable uric acid crystals, emphasize the importance of crystal identification in all cases of probable gout and stress the diagnostic role of soft-tissue aspiration in cases of soft-tissue inflammation, especially when arthrocentesis is unsuccessful.
Smoking Policies Among Private Employers and Public Agencies in Texas: A Statewide Analysis
Authors: N. H. Gottlieb, J. J. Hedl, M. P. Eriksen, F. Chan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Smoking Policies Among Private Employers and Public Agencies in Texas: A Statewide Analysis Get access Nell H. Gottlieb, Nell H. Gottlieb Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Bellmont Hall, Rm. 222, The University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX 78712 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John J. Hedl, Jr., John J. Hedl, Jr. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallas, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael P. Eriksen, Michael P. Eriksen The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fong Chan Fong Chan Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicago, IL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 3, 1 February 1989, Pages 200–204, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.3.200 Published: 01 February 1989 Article history Received: 05 August 1988 Accepted: 27 October 1988 Published: 01 February 1989
Combined Use of Different Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: Lewis Glickman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  This is in reference to the question of whether there are valid instances in which combined use of different antipsychotic agents is indicated, eg, chlorpromazine and haloperidol. 1   I don't believe that Kimball and Glass explained the rationale of many of the psychiatrists who combine antipsychotics and consequently have to defend this practice from reviewers whose guidelines label it an indicator of inappropriate prescribing. The guidelines are based on the statements of authorities in psychopharmacology cited by the respondents that combined use is seldom indicated 2 and has no rational basis. 3   My letter is intended to describe the rational basis for combined use and some of the indications. The indications are based on two facts. The first, mentioned by the respondents, is that many of the antipsychotics have different adverse effect profiles. The second, which they did not mention, is that the most frequent effects are
PERORAL USE OF METHYL TESTOSTERONE
Authors: SAMUEL A. VEST
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Testosterone and its derivatives have been in clinical use for the past four years, during which time their value in the treatment of testicular deficiency has become firmly established. The dramatic effects produced in eunuchs and eunuchoid patients have been reported by numerous investigators.1It is now recognized that these synthetic hormones have little effect in the presence of adequate testicular function and they are of value only as substitutive therapy for patients whose testicles are secreting an insufficient amount of hormone.2The etiology of the testicular deficiency may be one of many; viz., lack of proper pituitary function, inherent underdevelopment of the testicle, surgical and traumatic injuries to the testicle or its blood supply, and senility. The symptoms and physical characteristics of testicular deficiency have been fully described in previous publications.  The method of administration of these valuable hormones has been a major problem. Early studies revealed
The Power of Unbiased Observation-Reply
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr. Coodley's letter is a fine supplement to my editorial. By supposedly being a "devil's advocate," Dr. Coodley agrees that it is important that the clinician "has a considerable capacity for flexibility and can alter his thinking readily if and when the new facts are uncovered." What I am against is giving up the search for new facts once an opinion is formed that is based on preliminary and incomplete evidence.
Unusual stress fractures of the proximal phalanx of the great toe: a report of two cases
Authors: G C Pitsis, J P Best, M R Sullivan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Stress fractures of the toes are rare. Most reported fractures of the proximal phalanx of the great toe have been associated with halux valgus deformity. Two cases are presented that illustrate several unique features of this rare injury which have not been reported before. One of the cases went on to non-union, requiring bone grafting and internal fixation.
Gene sequence and evolutionary conservation of human SMCY
Authors: Marijo G. Kent-First, Mark Maffitt, Ariege Muallem, Paula Brisco, John Shultz, Steve Ekenberg, Alexander I. Agulnik, Irene Agulnik, Dee Shramm, Barry Bavister, Ahmed Abdul-Mawgood, John VandeBerg
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
A LONG TERM STUDY OF THE VARIATION OF SERUM CHOLESTEROL IN MAN 1
Authors: Kenneth B. Turner, Alfred Steiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1939)

Although there are innumerable reports on the blood cholesterol of man under normal or abnor- mal conditions, most of these are based on single or, at best, a few determinations on a given indi- vidual.While there has developed an increasing realization that the variation or the lack of change in the level of blood cholesterol of the individual under a certain set of conditions is of paramount importance, reports of such variations are meager.An unusual opportunity was afforded us to study the serum cholesterol of a group of hos- pitalized but not acutely ill patients at approximately weekly intervals for a year or more. MATERIAL AND PLAN OF STUDYThere were 10 patients in the group.The following 9 of these were studied for 12 to 14 months: D. C., a Negro of 21 years, with inactive rheumatic heart dis- ease; M. C., a white male, age 62, with hypertensive vascular disease; M. Cl., a white female, age 55, with diabetes; H. F., a white female, age 42, with tabes dos- salis; F. K., a white male, age 64, with diabetes; J. N., a white male, age 52, with peptic ulcer; J. O., a white male, age 44, with inferior vena cava obstruction; A. P., a white female, age 79, with general arteriosclerosis and hypertensive vascular disease; and T. R., a white male, age 71, with general arteriosclerosis.The tenth case, B. S., a white male of 38, with syphilis and cerebral thrombosis, was under observation for 7 months.The period of observation began in the late Fall of 1936 and extended to the Winter of 1937-1938.During this time the basic diet consisted of 350 grams of carbo- hydrate, 100 grams of protein and 115 grams of fat daily.The diabetics, however, were given 160 grams carbo- hydrate, 75 grams protein, and 90 grams of fat daily.The patients were weighed each week because of the possible bearing of the state of nutrition on the level of the serum lipids (8).It may be mentioned here that no significant fluctuation in weight took place in any case.Monthly blood counts were obtained and remained con- stant.The basal metabolic rate was determined each month and did not vary significantly except for an ex- pected rise during thyroid administration.The serum