tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lymphomas following cardiac transplantation. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nancy T. Sklarin, Janice P. Dutcher, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract The success of allogeneic organ transplantation is in great part due to pharmacologic advances in the area of immunosuppressive therapy. However, this achievement has been attained at the price of an unexpectedly high incidence of malignancies in this transplant population. Lymphoid malignancies predominate in this and other immunodeficiency states. There is some controversy in the literature over the clonal or malignant nature of these proliferations. This paper presents a case of Burkitt‐like lymphoma occurring after cardiac transplantation. The role of Epstein–Barr virus in the pathogenesis of this disorder is reviewed as are multidisciplinary approaches to its management.
BCG vaccination status may predict sputum conversion in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a new consideration for an old vaccine?
Authors: K. Jeremiah, G. PrayGod, D. Faurholt-Jepsen, N. Range, A. B. Andersen, H. M. S. Grewal, H. Friis
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Failure to convert (persistent sputum and/or culture positivity) while on antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment at the end of the second month of anti-TB therapy has been reported to be a predictor of treatment failure. Factors that could be associated with persistent bacillary positivity at the end of the second month after initiation of anti-TB treatment were assessed. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective cohort study was conducted in 754 patients with sputum culture positive pulmonary TB in Mwanza, Tanzania. Information on social demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, BCG scar status, HIV status, CD4+ count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin and sputum culture status was obtained. <h3>Results</h3> Factors associated with sputum culture non-conversion at the end of the second month of anti-TB treatment were initial acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture grading of 3+ (OR 5.70, 95% CI 1.34 to 24.31, p=0.02) and absence of a BCG scar (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.48 to 7.58, p=0.004). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with pulmonary TB with no BCG scar and high initial AFB sputum intensity are at risk of remaining sputum culture positive at the end of the second month of anti-TB treatment. These findings reflect a beneficial role for BCG vaccination on sputum conversion which should also be examined in large studies in other areas. The finding of a beneficial role for BCG vaccination on the treatment of pulmonary TB is important for TB control and vaccination programmes.
Regulation of the transcription factor NF-κB1 by microRNA-9 in human gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hai-Ying Wan, Li-Min Guo, Tao Liu, Min Liu, Xin Li, Hua Tang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of naturally occurring, small, non-coding RNAs that regulate protein-coding mRNAs by causing mRNA degradation or repressing translation. The roles of miRNAs in lineage determination and proliferation, as well as the localization of several miRNA genes at sites of translocation breakpoints or deletions, have led to speculation that miRNAs could be important factors in the development or maintenance of the neoplastic state.We showed that miR-9 was downregulated in human gastric adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of miR-9 suppressed the growth of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line MGC803 cell as well as xenograft tumors derived from them in SCID mice. Bioinformatics analysis indicated a putative miR-9 binding site in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the tumor-related gene NF-kappaB1 mRNA. In an EGFP reporter system, overexpression of miR-9 downregulated EGFP intensity, and mutation of the miR-9 binding site abolished the effect of miR-9 on EGFP intensity. Furthermore, both the NF-kappaB1 mRNA and protein levels were affected by miR-9. Finally, knockdown of NF-kappaB1 inhibited MGC803 cell growth in a time-dependent manner, while ectopic expression of NF-kappaB1 could rescue MGC803 cell from growth inhibition caused by miR-9.These findings indicate that miR-9 targets NF-kappaB1 and regulates gastric cancer cell growth, suggesting that miR-9 shows tumor suppressive activity in human gastric cancer pathogenesis.
Preliminary evaluation of cycloguanil pamoate in dermal leishmaniasis
Authors: A. Pena Chavarria
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SOME REGRESSION of early lesions of dermal leishmaniasis has been observed by one of the authors (A.P.C.) in malaria patients treated orally with chloroguanide hydrochloride. The extent of improvement in the leishmanial lesions was not great, however, possibly because of the short duration of chloroguanide hydrochloride administration. The antimalarial activity of chloroguanide hydrochloride in man is due mainly to a dihydrotriazine metabolite of the drug.<sup>1-5</sup>Cycloguanil pamoate (CI-501; Camolar)<sup>6</sup>is a poorly water-soluble salt of this dihydrotriazine. An intramuscular dose of cycloguanil pamoate acts as a repository antimalarial drug in animals<sup>6,7</sup>and man.<sup>8-11</sup>Therefore, it seemed worthwhile to evaluate the efficacy of cycloguanil pamoate in patients with dermal leishmaniasis, caused by<i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>. This preliminary report gives the results obtained with cycloguanil pamoate in 30 such Costa Rican patients. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The patients who received treatment ranged in age from 7 months to 60 years,
Elbow flexor and extensor muscle weakness in lateral epicondylalgia
Authors: Brooke K Coombes, Leanne Bisset, Bill Vicenzino
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate whether deficits of elbow flexor and extensor muscle strength exist in lateral epicondylalgia (LE) in comparison with a healthy control population. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study. <h3>Participants</h3> 150 participants with unilateral LE were compared with 54 healthy control participants. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Maximal isometric elbow flexion and extension strength were measured bilaterally using a purpose-built standing frame such that gripping was avoided. <h3>Results</h3> The authors found significant side differences in elbow extensor (−6.54 N, 95% CI −11.43 to −1.65, p=0.008, standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.45) and flexor muscle strength (−11.26 N, 95% CI −19.59 to −2.94, p=0.009, SMD −0.46) between LE and control groups. Within the LE group, only elbow extensor muscle strength deficits between sides was significant (affected–unaffected: −2.94 N, 95% CI −5.44 to −0.44). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Small significant deficits of elbow extensor and flexor muscle strength exist in the affected arm of unilateral LE in comparison with healthy controls. Notably, comparing elbow strength between the affected and unaffected sides in unilateral epicondylalgia is likely to underestimate these deficits. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12609000051246.
Results of a Successful Telephonic Intervention to Improve Diabetes Control in Urban Adults
Authors: Elizabeth A. Walker, Celia Shmukler, Ralph Ullman, Emelinda Blanco, Melissa Scollan-Koliopoulus, Hillel W. Cohen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of a telephonic and a print intervention over 1 year to improve diabetes control in low-income urban adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized trial in Spanish and English comparing a telephonic intervention implemented by health educators with a print intervention. Participants (N = 526) had an A1C ≥7.5% and were prescribed one or more oral agents. All were members of a union/employer jointly sponsored health benefit plan. Health coverage included medications. Primary outcomes were A1C and pharmacy claims data; secondary outcomes included self-report of two medication adherence measures and other self-care behaviors. RESULTS Participants were 62% black and 23% Hispanic; 77% were foreign born, and 42% had annual family incomes &amp;lt;$30 thousand. Baseline median A1C was 8.6% (interquartile range 8.0–10.0). Insulin was also prescribed for 24% of participants. The telephone group had mean ± SE decline in A1C of 0.23 ± 0.11% over 1 year compared with a rise of 0.13 ± 0.13% for the print group (P = 0.04). After adjusting for baseline A1C, sex, age, and insulin use, the difference in A1C was 0.40% (95% CI 0.10–0.70, P = 0.009). Change in medication adherence measured by claims data, but not by self-report measures, was significantly associated with change in A1C (P = 0.01). Improvement in medication adherence was associated (P = 0.005) with the telephonic intervention, but only among those not taking insulin. No diabetes self-care activities were significantly correlated with the change in A1C. CONCLUSIONS A 1-year tailored telephonic intervention implemented by health educators was successful in significantly, albeit modestly, improving diabetes control compared with a print intervention in a low-income, insured, minority population.
CLASS, SUBCLASS, AND ALLELIC EXCLUSION OF MEMBRANE-BOUND Ig OF HUMAN B LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: S. S. Fröland, J. B. Natvig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Membrane-bound immunoglobulins of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and of lymphocytes from an IgG chronic lymphocytic leukemia showed restriction to one immunoglobulin class, one IgG subclass, and one Gm allotype. Certain antigens in the C-terminal part of IgG Fc were not exposed on the cell surface.
Preoperative clinical predictors of long term survival in mitral stenosis: analysis of 200 cases followed for up to 27 years after closed mitral valvotomy.
Authors: P C Gautam, N Coulshed, E J Epstein, M J Llewellyn, E Vargas, R C Tallis
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Two hundred patients aged 17-40 years undergoing closed mitral valvotomy during 1955-60 were studied by actuarial survival analysis. The period of follow up was 22-27 years. The following preoperative features were found to be independent predictors of long term survival: sinus rhythm (p less than 0.05); pulmonary arterial pressure below systemic pressure (p less than 0.01); absence of congestive cardiac failure (p less than 0.01) and pure mitral stenosis (p less than 0.01). A better long term survival was found for mitral valvotomy with a Tubb9s dilator than finger splitting or Brock9s method. The presence of calcification at the time of valvotomy adversely affected survival (p less than 0.01). Anticoagulation improved survival (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that closed mitral valvotomy gives good results if performed before the onset of established atrial fibrillation and congestive cardiac failure and that all patients should have anticoagulation. These results have important implications for selection of patients in countries with limited facilities for open heart surgery.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Elevated Serum Lipase in the Setting of Aripiprazole Therapy
Authors: Katherine J. Kibbey, Adam M. Roberts, Geoffrey C. Nicholson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Aripiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic agent that is increasingly prescribed due to a lower incidence of metabolic side effects compared with other agents in this class. Case reports have suggested an association between aripiprazole and drug-induced diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (1–4). We report the case of a 29-year-old obese man managed with aripiprazole for schizophrenia who presented unwell with DKA and a markedly elevated serum lipase.

A 29-year-old male Filipino immigrant with schizophrenia presented to a hospital emergency department with a 3-day history of lethargy and a nonproductive cough. He described polyuria, polydipsia, and subjective weight loss over the preceding 4 weeks. He denied abdominal pain or vomiting.

His schizophrenia had …
Fine mapping of Xq28: both<i>MECP2 and IRAK1</i>contribute to risk for systemic lupus erythematosus in multiple ancestral groups
Authors: Kenneth M Kaufman, Jian Zhao, Jennifer A Kelly, Travis Hughes, Adam Adler, Elena Sanchez, Joshua O Ojwang, Carl D Langefeld, Julie T Ziegler, Adrienne H Williams, Mary E Comeau, Miranda C Marion, Stuart B Glenn, Rita M Cantor, Jennifer M Grossman, Bevra H Hahn, Yeong Wook Song, Chack-Yung Yu, Judith A James, Joel M Guthridge, Elizabeth E Brown, Graciela S Alarcón, Robert P Kimberly, Jeffrey C Edberg, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, Michelle A Petri, John D Reveille, Luis M Vilá, Juan-Manuel Anaya, Susan A Boackle, Anne M Stevens, Barry I Freedman, Lindsey A Criswell, Joo-Hyun Lee, Ji-Seon Lee, Deh-Ming Chang, R Hal A Scofield, Gary S Gilkeson, Joan T Merrill, Timothy B Niewold, Timothy James Vyse, Sang-Cheol Bae, Chaim O Jacob, Kathy Moser Sivils, Patrick M Gaffney, John B Harley, Amr H Sawalha, Betty P Tsao
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The Xq28 region containing <i>IRAK1</i> and <i>MECP2</i> has been identified as a risk locus for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in previous genetic association studies. However, due to the strong linkage disequilibrium between <i>IRAK1</i> and <i>MECP2</i>, it remains unclear which gene is affected by the underlying causal variant(s) conferring risk of SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> We fine-mapped ≥136 SNPs in a ∼227 kb region on Xq28, containing <i>IRAK1, MECP2</i> and seven adjacent genes (<i>L1CAM, AVPR2, ARHGAP4, NAA10, RENBP, HCFC1</i> and <i>TMEM187</i>), for association with SLE in 15 783 case-control subjects derived from four different ancestral groups. <h3>Results</h3> Multiple SNPs showed strong association with SLE in European Americans, Asians and Hispanics at p&lt;5×10<sup>−8</sup> with consistent association in subjects with African ancestry. Of these, six SNPs located in the <i>TMEM187-IRAK1-MECP2</i> region captured the underlying causal variant(s) residing in a common risk haplotype shared by all four ancestral groups. Among them, rs1059702 best explained the Xq28 association signals in conditional testings and exhibited the strongest p value in transancestral meta-analysis (p<sub>meta </sub>= 1.3×10<sup>−27</sup>, OR=1.43), and thus was considered to be the most likely causal variant. The risk allele of rs1059702 results in the amino acid substitution S196F in IRAK1 and had previously been shown to increase NF-κB activity in vitro. We also found that the homozygous risk genotype of rs1059702 was associated with lower mRNA levels of <i>MECP2</i>, but not <i>IRAK1</i>, in SLE patients (p=0.0012) and healthy controls (p=0.0064). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data suggest contributions of both <i>IRAK1</i> and <i>MECP2</i> to SLE susceptibility.
Inhaled Corticosteroid Reduction and Elimination in Patients With Persistent Asthma Receiving Salmeterol&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Robert F. Lemanske, Christine A. Sorkness, Elizabeth A. Mauger, Stephen C. Lazarus, Homer A. Boushey, John V. Fahy, Jeffrey M. Drazen, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Timothy Craig, James E. Fish, Jean G. Ford, Elliot Israel, Monica Kraft, Richard J. Martin, Sami A. Nachman, Stephen P. Peters, Joseph D. Spahn, Stanley J. Szefler
Journal: JAMA (2001)

N PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ASTHMA inadequately controlled by treatment with a low dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), the addition of a long-acting ␤ 2 -agonist 1-4 provides an incremental improvement in asthma control exceeding that achieved by increasing dosages of ICS.We anticipated that once this improvement occurred, many patients would question whether their dosage of ICS could be reduced or even eliminated.Evidence both supporting 5,6 and refut-
Clinical Lecture on Case of Inflammatory Effusion into the Pleura and Peritoneum: Paracentesis Thoracis: Recovery: With Clinical Remarks
Authors: C. H. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1871)

C. S., aged I9, engineer, was admitted July 2oth, I869.His health had been generally good; he had never been ill before.His mother, he thought, died of phthisis.He had been ill about fourteen days.His abdomen swelled and felt tight, as it was on admission.He had had no diarrhcea, but the bowels had acted with medicine.The urine was scanty, thick, and dark; pulse 96, weak.The heart's sounds were normal.He had fairly good breathing, though a little harsh in both upper fronts; good breathing in all the left lung, but very distinct small crepitations in the right lower back.He had some cough, nearly dry the last week.The abdomen was equally distended, resonant at the right side and middle, but dull in the left side in the iliac region and flank, and up to the posterior part of the left hypochondrium.Alter.ing his position did not affect the dulness much, but pressure on the dull part before percussion produced a degree of tympanitic resonance.The abdomen was quite painless.The mental faculties were quite
Inhibiting the growth of malignant melanoma by blocking the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor using an RNA interference approach
Authors: J. Tao, Y-T. Tu, C-Z. Huang, A-P. Feng, Q. Wu, Y-J. Lian, L-X. Zhang, X-P. Zhang, G-X. Shen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is overexpressed in malignant melanoma (MM). Objectives To develop an RNA interference approach that specifically targets VEGF by constructing a eukaryotic expression plasmid containing short interfering RNA (siRNA), and to evaluate the effects of this vector on the proliferation and apoptosis of MM in vitro and in vivo. Methods pU-VEGF-siRNA plasmid was transfected into MM cell line A375 and colorectal carcinoma cell line Lovo by electroporation. Expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in A375 and Lovo cells after gene transfer was detected by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Proliferation of pU-VEGF-siRNA-transfected A375 and Lovo cells and control cells was observed by cell counting through the microscope. The proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV-304) cultured in medium containing supernatants of transfected and control A375 cells was measured by the cell counting method. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to analyse the apoptosis of transfected and control groups. In a mouse model, tumorigenicity and tumour growth of transfected cells were studied in vivo. VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) in tumour tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis in tumours was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling. Results Expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in pU-VEGF-siRNA-transfected A375 and Lovo cells was significantly decreased on days 3, 10, 17 and 24 post-transfection, compared with controls. The greatest suppression occurred on days 3 and 10 post-transfection. The proliferation of transfected A375 cells and ECV-304 cocultured with supernatants of transfected A375 cells was inhibited. FCM analysis showed that a hypodiploidy peak was found only in A375 cells transfected by pU-VEGF-siRNA. After subcutaneous inoculation with pU-VEGF-siRNA-transfected A375 cells, tumour growth in mice was inhibited, VEGF expression and MVD were decreased, and tumour apoptosis was increased significantly, in comparison with mice inoculated with untransfected A375 cells. Conclusions The delivery of siRNA directed against VEGF was shown not only to give efficient and specific downregulation of the expression of VEGF, inhibit proliferation of A375 and ECV-304 cells and induce apoptosis of A375 cells in vitro, but also to suppress growth of MM in vivo. These results suggest that a strategy based on siRNA targeting of VEGF may build the foundation to the clinical management of MM.
Global Burden of Hepatitis E Virus
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Comprehensive serial molecular profiling of an “N of 1” exceptional non-responder with metastatic prostate cancer progressing to small cell carcinoma on treatment
Authors: Kunal C. Kadakia, Scott A. Tomlins, Saagar K. Sanghvi, Andi K. Cani, Kei Omata, Daniel H. Hovelson, Chia-Jen Liu, Kathleen A. Cooney
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Small cell carcinoma/neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NePC) is a lethal, poorly understood prostate cancer (PCa) subtype. Controversy exists about the origin of NePC in this setting. To molecularly profile archived biopsy specimens from a case of early-onset PCa that rapidly progressed to NePC to identify drivers of the aggressive course and mechanisms of NePC origin and progression. A 47-year-old patient presented with metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 9). After a 6-month response to androgen deprivation therapy, the patient developed jaundice and liver biopsy revealed exclusively NePC. Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-isolated DNA was performed from the diagnostic prostate biopsy and the liver biopsy at progression. Androgen deprivation therapy for adenocarcinoma followed by multiagent chemotherapy for NePC. Identification of the mutational landscape in primary adenocarcinoma and NePC liver metastasis. Whether the NePC arose independently or was derived from the primary adenocarcinoma was considered based on mutational profiles. A deleterious somatic SMAD4 L535fs variant was present in both prostate and liver specimens; however, a TP53 R282W mutation was exclusively enriched in the liver specimen. Copy number analysis identified concordant, low-level alterations in both specimens, with focal MYCL amplification and homozygous PTEN, RB1, and MAP2K4 losses identified exclusively in the NePC specimen. Integration with published genomic profiles identified MYCL as a recurrently amplified in NePC. NGS of routine biopsy samples from an exceptional non-responder identified SMAD4 as a driver of the aggressive course and supports derivation of NePC from primary adenocarcinoma (transdifferentiation).