tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Endoscopic Manometry of the Response to Secretin in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: R. Laugier
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Endoscopic manometry of the spincter of Oddi and the main pancreatic duct (MPD) was performed before and after intravenous injection of secretin (1 CU/kg) in 15 control subjects and 19 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Secretin significantly but transiently enhanced the MPD pressure in the controls, whereas chronic pancreatitis patients had an elevated basal MPD pressure and a manometric pattern of sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia. The secretin-induced MPD pressure was also elevated and more sustained in chronic pancreatitis patients compared to controls. No influence of the etiology or MPD ductal diameter was found, but the duration of the disease correlated significantly to the pressure response to secretin in patients. The pressure enhancement was most impressive in chronic pancreatitis of recent onset (less than four years), whereas it was minimal or normal in later stages of the disease. This dynamic manometric test reliably demonstrates sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and an altered response to secretin. The test could have a role to play in the explanation of progressive MPD dilatation as well as in the early diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.
Malignant Lymphoma of the Small Bowel Associated with Diffuse Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Authors: Claude Matuchansky, Guy Touchard, Marc Lemaire, Philippe Babin, François Demeocq, Yvette Fonck, Martine Meyer, Jean-Louis Preud'homme
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

BENIGN intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is a well-known entity, involving the entire small bowel or the colon (or both) of patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes1 2 3 or the terminal ileum or colon (or both) of children without immunodeficiency.4 In immunodeficient subjects, the association of NLH with non-Hodgkin's intestinal lymphoma seems extremely rare5 6 7 and was suggested to be fortuitous,5 even though malignant conditions (e.g., gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma and extra-digestive lymphoid neoplasms) are frequent in this patient population.1 More recently, in developed Western countries, symptomatic diffuse NLH of the small bowel has been reported in a few adults without detectable immunodeficiency. . . .
Phenotyping Sarcoidosis from a Pulmonary Perspective
Authors: Antje Prasse, Christine Katic, Martin Germann, Armin Buchwald, Gernot Zissel, Joachim Müller-Quernheim
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Sarcoidosis is known as a disease with high heterogeneity in clinical severity and inflammatory activity. On the basis of radiologic criteria, John Guyette Scadding developed a classification system, which is widely used, but is insufficient for clinical decision making. Therefore, biomarkers and genetic markers that predict outcome are urgently needed.Objectives: To obtain a classification system based on clinical criteria to evaluate biomarker and genetic markers.Methods: We developed a protocol for classification of various disease courses (sarcoid clinical activity classification [SCAC]) based on clinical criteria with three categories: (1) whether the disease was acute or nonacute in onset, (2) whether treatment was required, and (3) whether there was need for long-term treatment.Measurements and Main Results: In total, we evaluated 225 patients with sarcoidosis, applying both classification protocols retrospectively. The described SCAC protocol based on clinical criteria was retrospectively able to stratify patients according to disease outcome. The classes of patients with chronic disease differed significantly regarding pulmonary function test parameters and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell composition. Most interestingly, concentrations of soluble IL-2 receptor and neopterin were particularly increased in patients with acute disease who required long-term treatment. A moderate but significant increase in soluble IL-2 receptor and neopterin was also observed in patients with nonacute disease who needed long-term treatment. In contrast to the clinical classification system, the system based on radiologic criteria separated the patients with the need for long-term therapy insufficiently, but identified patients with advanced fibrotic remodeling.Conclusions: The described SCAC protocol is practicable and gives additional information not yet acquired by radiologic typing and seems suitable for studies evaluating genetic influence and biomarkers.
A Study of Tuberculosis Among Foreign-Born Hispanic Persons in the U.S. States Bordering Mexico
Authors: CHARLES D. WELLS, MIGUEL OCAÑA, KATHLEEN MOSER, DAVID BERGMIRE-SWEAT, JANET C. MOHLE-BOETANI, NANCY J. BINKIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

In 1996, 10% of the 20,973 U.S. tuberculosis (TB) cases were among foreign-born (FB) Hispanic persons, with the four states bordering Mexico accounting for 83% of FBH cases. Limited information is available on this population's health care seeking and migration practices and on differences between FB Hispanic patients in border and nonborder areas. Therefore, we conducted interviews and record reviews for all consenting FB Hispanic TB patients from eight counties bordering Mexico (BC; n = 167) and seven urban nonborder counties (NBC; n = 158) in these States during 1995–1997. BC patients had resided in the U.S. longer than NBC patients (17.4 versus 10.8 yr; p < 0.01), had immigrated more often from Mexican border communities (62.4% versus 25.4%; p < 0.01), and had returned to Mexico more often in the past 12 mo (71.5% versus 47.3%; p < 0.01). TB symptoms were present for ⩾ 6 mo in 37% of BC and 34% of NBC patients. Binational collaboration is essential for improving TB control in both countries and should extend beyond border areas of Mexico.
DNA Double Strand Breaks Do Not Play a Role in Heat-Induced Cell Killing
Authors: Harm H. Kampinga, Andrei Laszlo
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

To the Editor: 

In their recent article, Takahashi et al. ( [1][1]) suggest that heat-induced DNA double strand breaks contribute to heat-induced cell killing because heat treatment induces histone γH2AX-containing foci. Such foci have been associated with double strand breaks induced by ionizing
Reconstructive Surgery of the Hand, with Special Reference to Skin Cover
Authors: S. H. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The operative mortality for the colon (10.1 %) was slightly higher than that for the rectum (7.6%).Amongst the causes of post-operative death, pulmonary embolus and peritonitis were equally the most frequenLThe pathology of local and general recurrence is considered.The overall five-year survival rate is slightly higher for the rectum (33 %) than for the colon (31 %).A com- parison is made between the results of anterior resection and combined excision and their significance discussed.Further improvements in surgical technique will still further reduce mortality, but when age, the severity of the necessary operations, and the causes of death are considered it is certain that the best reduction would be achieved by earlier diagnosis.
Idiopathic Steatorrhoea and Haemorrhage Due to Malabsorption of Vitamin K
Authors: S. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1960)

AORTIC OCCLUSION IN MITRAL STENOSIS BRITLSH 647 she noticed her right leg to be numb, and, when she attempted to walk, found that she was unsteady because of weakness of both legs.She had been getting increasingly short of breath in recent months, but was not known to have suffered from heart disease.On admission she was found to have auricular fibrillation and signs of mitral stenosis.B.P. was 180/90.The femoral pulses could not be felt on either side.An aortogram showed occlusion of the left common iliac artery at its origin, the lower limit of the block lying near the origin of the external iliac artery.On the right side the external iliac artery was occluded above Poupart's ligament, the lower limit of the block lying above the origin of the profunda artery.In this patient, as in Case 6, peripheral vascular disease was the factor which first drew attention to the underlying mitral stenosis.We believe it likely that the extent of this patient's arterial occlusion may progress and eventually involve the lower aorta.Her history is described as it represents a stage through which the other six patients (Cases 1-6) had passed before developing complete aortic occlusion.Incidentally, it may be pointed out that it would be quite impossible to differentiate the vascular lesions in the last patient from complete aortic occlusion on clinical grounds alone.This can be done only by means of an aortogram.In this series four out of six patients were women.This reflects the higher incidence of mitral stenosis in women.It is in sharp contrast to the heavy male preponderance in aortic thrombosis of atheromatous origin.This sex distribution also suggests that these patients fall into a separate aetiological category.The evidence available suggests, therefore, that emboli in peripheral vessels may sometimes result in occlusion of the abdominal aorta; once this has occurred the clinical picture differs in no way from the typical Leriche syndrome. Summary and ConclusionSix patients are described in whom mitral stenosis, auricular fibrillation, and aortic occlusion of gradual onset were observed.There is evidence that the Leriche syndrome may be an unusual end-result of peripheral emboli in patients with mitral stenosis.Our thanks are due to Dr.
Richard Lindley Norris
Authors: M. Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner South Molton, Devon (b London 1916; q King's College Hospital 1941), d 21 June 2003.

Richard (Dick) Norris served in the Royal Navy as a ship's surgeon during the second world war before joining a general practice in South Molton in 1948. He was active in local politics and was twice mayor of South Molton. He was chairman of the North Devon BMA division. His wife Gwen died four days after him. He leaves two sons, four grandchildren, and two step grandchildren.
Angiotensin II receptor binding following myocardial infarction in the rat
Authors: Y. Sun, K. T Weber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to determine angiotensin II receptor binding and its relationship to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) binding and fibrous tissue formation in the rat heart. Methods: A model of tissue repair (pericardiotomy and myocardial infarction with left coronary artery ligation) was used together with the following: quantitative in vitro autoradiography to determine angiotensin II receptor (125I[Sar1, Ile8]AngII) and ACE (l25I-351A) binding densities. Angiotensin II receptor subtype was determined using an AT1 receptor antagonist (DuP753, losartan) and an AT2 receptor antagonist (PD123177). Five groups were studied: age and sex matched controls receiving this operative procedure without subsequent myocardial infarction (sham operated); rats with coronary artery ligation and myocardial infarction; rats with coronary artery ligation and lisinopril (20 mg·kg−1·d−1 in drinking water); sham operated rats receiving lisinopril; and unoperated rats which served as controls to pericardiotomy. Hearts were collected from each group on postoperative day 3 and weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. Results: There was (1) low angiotensin receptor binding in normal myocardium; (2) markedly increased angiotensin II receptor binding at the site of left ventricular myocardial infarction and endocardial fibrosis of the interventricular septum at day 3 and weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8; (3) high angiotensin II receptor binding in the pericardial fibrosis that followed pericardiotomy, and in the fibrosis that appeared in response to suture insertion around the left coronary artery, in both infarcted and sham operated rats; (4) total displacement of normal and connective tissue angiotensin II receptor binding by DuP753, but not by PD123177; (5) ACE inhibition by lisinopril, but no change in angiotensin II receptor binding, at all sites of fibrosis; and (6) significant attenuation by lisinopril of collagen formation in the visceral pericardium of sham operated controls. Conclusions: In this model of tissue repair, increased AT1 receptor binding density is associated with ACE binding and fibrillar collagen formation that appears within sites of fibrous tissue formation, including myocardial infarction, endocardial fibrosis, foreign body (silk suture), and pericardiotomy. AT1 receptors may play a role in mediating the fibrogenic response to tissue injury in the rat heart. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1623-1628
The molecular basis for apoptotic defects in patients with CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) mutations
Authors: Akshay K. Vaishnaw, Jason R. Orlinick, Jia-Li Chu, Peter H. Krammer, Moses V. Chao, Keith B. Elkon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Heterozygous mutations of the receptor CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) are associated with defective lymphocyte apoptosis and a clinical disease characterized by lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and systemic autoimmunity. From our cohort of 11 families, we studied eight patients to define the mechanisms responsible for defective CD95-mediated apoptosis. Mutations in and around the death domain of CD95 had a dominant–negative effect that was explained by interference with the recruitment of the signal adapter protein, FADD, to the death domain. The intracellular domain (ICD) mutations were associated with a highly penetrant Canale-Smith syndrome (CSS) phenotype and an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. In contrast, mutations affecting the CD95 extracellular domain (ECD) resulted in failure of extracellular expression of the mutant protein or impaired binding to CD95 ligand. They did not have a dominant–negative effect. In each of the families with an ECD mutation, only a single individual was affected. These observations were consistent with differing mechanisms of action and modes of inheritance of ICD and ECD mutations, suggesting that individuals with an ECD mutation may require additional defect(s) for expression of CSS.
THE THERAPEUTIC ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN
Authors: J. S. Haldane
Journal: BMJ (1917)

Ii iS well kLuown thlat thle administration of oCxygeon often produces at lcast temporary benefit in cases of seriouIs interference wvitlh tlhe respiratory or cir'culatory ftunctionis; but sufficienitattention lhas not hiitlherto been paid eitlher to whlat precise benefit m-ay be.expected from thjo admiiinistration of oxygeni, or to lhow it can best; be admrinistered.
FDA criticised for rejecting over the counter emergency contraception
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The US Food and Drug Administration's decision to refuse to approve over the counter status for the emergency contraceptive Plan B (levonorgestrel) was flawed, unusual, and not standard FDA procedure. This is finding of a report by the Government Accountability Office, an independent investigative agency of the US Congress.

Two FDA officials resigned in protest over the denial ( BMJ 2005;331: 532, 861).

Forty eight senators and representatives …
Innsbruck coma scale
Authors: F de' Clari, A Benzer, G Mitterschiffthaler, M Marosi, G Luef, F Pühringer, K De La Renotiere, H Lehner, E Schmutzhard, Günther Birbamer, Werner Judmaier, Stephan Felber, Wolfgang Buchberger, Franz Aichner
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
A B-cell epigenetic signature defines three biologic subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with clinical impact
Authors: A C Queirós, N Villamor, G Clot, A Martinez-Trillos, M Kulis, A Navarro, E M M Penas, S Jayne, A Majid, J Richter, A K Bergmann, J Kolarova, C Royo, N Russiñol, G Castellano, M Pinyol, S Bea, I Salaverria, M López-Guerra, D Colomer, M Aymerich, M Rozman, J Delgado, E Giné, M González-Díaz, X S Puente, R Siebert, M J S Dyer, C López-Otín, C Rozman, E Campo, A López-Guillermo, J I Martín-Subero
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
A Case of Health
Authors: R. Asher
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Many cases of unusual illness are described in these columns, so it may make a change if I report a case of unusual health.The lady I describe here is healthy not only in the sense of never being ill but in the more practical fashion of being useful and hard at work for 76 consecutive years with only 10 days' illness.My knowledge of her is purely social; she never consults doctors: " I don't believe in them," she says.Fanny, as everyone calls her, was aged 90 on January 31 and works as a cook and general servant at a girls' dayschool in London.She was born on January 31, 1868.She went to school till the age of 13, and then started work in domestic service.Since then she has worked at this profes- sion without any illness or absence from work except for 10 days off in 1932 with bronchitis and severe fatigue after she had been nursing her husband with a fatal illness.
Abstract 5343: Continuing expression of SHP2E76K is required to maintain lung tumors induced by the active SHP2E76K mutant in transgenic mice
Authors: Valentina E. Schneeberger, Noreen Luetteke, Yuan Ren, Parastou Foroutan, Gary V. Martinez, Eric B. Haura, Domenico Coppola, Jie Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase is activated by growth factor receptor oncogenes or by gain-of-function (GOF) missense mutations such as SHP2E76K in human cancer. To study the oncogenic function of GOF SHP2 mutants and the dependency of SHP2 mutant-induced tumors, we established transgenic mice containing the tetO-SHP2E76K transgene. tetO-SHP2E76K mice were bred to CCSP-rtTA mice to direct expression of the transgene in type II pneumocytes to assess the role of the SHP2 mutant in lung adenocarcinoma. When the CCSP-rtTA/tetO-SHP2E76K bitransgenic mice were induced with doxycycline (dox), they developed papillary adenomas that progressed to adenocarcinoma in 6-9 months. This result demonstrates the oncogenic activity of the GOF SHP2 mutant in our mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Consistent with previous studies in cultured cells, lung tissues from dox-induced CCSP-rtTA/tetO-SHP2E76K have elevated pGab1, pErk, pSrc and c-Myc. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we were able to detect lung tumors in the dox-induced CCSP-rtTA/tetO-SHP2E76K bitransgenic mice. To determine if the SHP2E76K-induced lung tumors require continuing expression of the SHP2 mutant for tumor maintenance, dox was withdrawn from the CCSP-rtTA/tetO-SHP2E76K mice after detection of lung tumors by MRI. When these mice were examined again by MRI one month after dox withdrawal, the lung tumors were no longer detectable. Histological evaluation of lung tissues revealed residual hyperplastic lesions as well as evidence of necrosis, while biochemical analysis showed that pGab1, pErk, pSrc and Myc returned to basal levels. Thus, discontinuation of SHP2E76K expression resulted in tumor regression. These data indicate that continuing expression of SHP2E76K is required for maintenance of the SHP2 mutant-induced lung tumors. Citation Format: Valentina E. Schneeberger, Noreen Luetteke, Yuan Ren, Parastou Foroutan, Gary V. Martinez, Eric B. Haura, Domenico Coppola, Jie Wu. Continuing expression of SHP2E76K is required to maintain lung tumors induced by the active SHP2E76K mutant in transgenic mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5343
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in mice by the oral administration of a fatty acid bile acid conjugate
Authors: Tuvia Gilat, Alicia Leikin-Frenkel, Ilana Goldiner, Zamir Halpern, Fred M. Konikoff
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Gallstones, mostly cholesterol stones, affect some 15% of the population. Oral bile salts dissolve human cholesterol gallstones, but with low efficacy, and surgery remains the main therapeutic option. Fatty acid bile acid conjugates (FABACs) were shown to prevent formation of cholesterol gallstones in experimental animals. The aim of this study was to test whether these compounds could dissolve preexisting cholesterol gallstones via oral administration. Inbred, gallstone-susceptible C57J/L mice were given a lithogenic diet for 2 months, and the presence of gallstones was ascertained. The mice were then switched to a regular diet while part of them were given in addition C20-FABAC, by gavage, at a dose of 0.5 or 3 mg per animal per day. All mice tested had cholesterol gallstones after 2 months on the lithogenic diet. In study I, after 2 months on the regular diet, 3 of 4 (75%) of the controls had gallstones, whereas none of the 6 FABAC-fed animals (3 mg/d) had stones (P =.033). In study II, evaluating 2 FABAC doses, after 2 months on the regular diet, 8 of 8 (100%) of the controls had gallstones, which were found in 2 of 7 (28%) and 1 of 8 (12%) of the mice supplemented with 0.5 mg/d (P =.007) or 3 mg/d (P =.001) FABAC, respectively. On a molar basis, the dose of 0.5 mg FABAC is equivalent to 14 mg/kg/d of a bile acid. In conclusion, FABACs given orally can dissolve preexisting cholesterol gallstones in mice. This was accomplished with a dose of FABAC equivalent to the dose of bile acids used in human gallstone dissolution.
APO866 activity in hematologic malignancies: a preclinical in vitro study
Authors: Michele Cea, Gabriele Zoppoli, Santina Bruzzone, Floriana Fruscione, Eva Moran, Anna Garuti, Ilaria Rocco, Gabriella Cirmena, Salvatore Casciaro, Francesca Olcese, Ivana Pierri, Antonia Cagnetta, Fabio Ferrando, Riccardo Ghio, Marco Gobbi, Alberto Ballestrero, Franco Patrone, Alessio Nencioni
Journal: Blood (2009)
Evidence-Based Disease Management
Authors: Gray Ellrodt
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Disease management is an approach to patient care that emphasizes coordinated, comprehensive care along the continuum of disease and across health care delivery systems. Evidence-based medicine is an approach to practice and teaching that integrates pathophysiological rationale, caregiver experience, and patient preferences with valid and current clinical research evidence. Using diabetes mellitus as an example, we describe the importance of evidence-based medicine to the development of disease management programs. We present a method for developing and implementing evidence-based clinical guidelines, clinical pathways, and algorithms and describe the creation of systems to measure and report processes and outcomes that could drive quality improvement in diabetes care. Multidisciplinary teams are ideally suited to develop, lead, and implement evidence-based disease management programs, since they play an essential role in the preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic decisions for patients with diabetes throughout the course of their disease.
Discharge from the ear: otitis externa and acute otitis media.
Authors: H Ludman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~D ischarge from the ear occurs in both otitis externa and otitis media.In acute furunculosis and acute otitis media the dominating symptom is pain, which precedes any discharge.Diffuse otitis externa, on the other hand, may present with a thin serous discharge, especially if there is an allergic eczematous reaction.In acute furunculosis the discharge is the thick 'I-.--i 6.