tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on muscle remodelling in cachectic patients with COPD
Authors: I. Vogiatzis, D.C.M. Simoes, G. Stratakos, E. Kourepini, G. Terzis, P. Manta, D. Athanasopoulos, C. Roussos, P.D. Wagner, S. Zakynthinos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

It is known that non-cachectic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) respond well to pulmonary rehabilitation, but whether cachectic COPD patients are capable of adaptive responses is both important and unknown. 10 cachectic and 19 non-cachectic COPD patients undertook high-intensity cycling training, at the same relative intensity, for 45 min·day −1 , 3 days·week −1 for 10 weeks. Before and after rehabilitation vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were analysed morphologically and for the expression of muscle remodelling factors (insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, myogenic differentiation factor D (MyoD), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and myostatin) and key components of ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic systems (muscle ring finger protein (MURF)-1 and Atrogin-1). Rehabilitation improved peak work-rate and the 6-min walk distance similarly in non-cachectic (18±3% and 42±13 m, respectively) and cachectic (16±2% and 53±16 m, respectively) patients, but quality of life only improved in non-cachectic COPD. Mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area increased in both groups, but significantly less in cachectic (7±2%) than in non-cachectic (11±2%) patients. Both groups equally decreased the proportion of type IIb fibres and increased muscle capillary/fibre ratio. IGF-I mRNA expression increased in both groups, but IGF-I protein levels increased more in non-cachectic COPD. MyoD was upregulated, whereas myostatin was downregulated at the mRNA and protein level only in non-cachectic patients. Whilst rehabilitation had no effect on TNF-α expression, it decreased the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in both groups by the same amount. Atrogin-1 and MURF-1 expression were increased in cachectic COPD, but it was decreased in non-cachectic patients. Cachectic COPD patients partially retain the capacity for peripheral muscle remodelling in response to rehabilitation and are able to increase exercise capacity as much as those without cachexia, even if they exhibit both quantitative and qualitative differences in the type of muscle fibre remodelling in response to exercise training.
Day-patient treatment after short inpatient care versus continued inpatient treatment in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (ANDI): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Reinhild Schwarte, Melanie Krei, Karin Egberts, Andreas Warnke, Christoph Wewetzer, Ernst Pfeiffer, Christian Fleischhaker, André Scherag, Kristian Holtkamp, Ulrich Hagenah, Katharina Bühren, Kerstin Konrad, Ulrike Schmidt, Carmen Schade-Brittinger, Nina Timmesfeld, Astrid Dempfle
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
International standardization of criteria for the histologic diagnosis of renal allograft rejection: The Banff working classification of kidney transplant pathology
Authors: Kim Solez, Roy A. Axelsen, Hallgrimur Benediktsson, James F. Burdick, Arthur H. Cohen, Robert B. Colvin, Byron P. Croker, Dominique Droz, Michael S. Dunnill, Philip F. Halloran, Pekka Häyry, J. Charles Jennette, Paul A. Keown, Niels Marcussen, Michael J. Mihatsch, Kunio Morozumi, Bryan D. Myers, Cynthia C. Nast, Steen Olsen, Lorraine C. Racusen, Eleanor L. Ramos, Seymour Rosen, David H. Sachs, Daniel R. Salomon, Fred Sanfilippo, Regina Verani, Eeva von Willebrand, Yutaka Yamaguchi
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
British Academy of Psychopharmacology
Authors: S. Brandon, A. Coppen, M. Hamilton, M. Holden, A. Hordern, N. Imlah, A. Jenner, D. Shaw, D. Wheatley
Journal: BMJ (1974)

prednisolone twice daily.At no time did he receive any sulphonamide preparation.While on this dosage of prednisolone he re- ceived, in October 1973, an injection of 1 ml of Admune subcutaneously, which he had had in the previous year.Within 10 days he began to suffer from myalgia, which affected all muscle groups, and arthralgia.His weight began to fall and this was asso- ciated with general malaise and anorexia.Clinical examination was unhelpful apart from a maintained pyrexia of 38-39°C and generalized muscle wasting.Investigations showed a haemoglobin of 11-0 g/100 ml; E.S.R. 33 mm in 1 hr; serum electrolytes and urea normal; W.B.C. 22,000/mm3 with 6,300 eosinophils/mm'; serum creatinine phosphokinase 17 mU/ml; antinuclear factor negative; L.E. cells
ARIH2 is essential for embryogenesis, and its hematopoietic deficiency causes lethal activation of the immune system
Authors: Amy E Lin, Gregor Ebert, Yongkai Ow, Simon P Preston, Jesse G Toe, James P Cooney, Hamish W Scott, Masato Sasaki, Samuel D Saibil, Dilan Dissanayake, Raymond H Kim, Andrew Wakeham, Annick You-Ten, Arda Shahinian, Gordon Duncan, Jennifer Silvester, Pamela S Ohashi, Tak W Mak, Marc Pellegrini
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Elisha Atkins, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

The rate of clearance of intravenously injected typhoid vaccine was studied in unsensitized, sensitized, and pyrogen-tolerant rabbits by means of a passive transfer technique. The blood of unsensitized rabbits which had not been previously exposed to bacterial pyrogen remained pyrogenic for normal recipients throughout a period of 2 hours following the injection. In contrast, rabbits sensitized by having received either one or two injections of the vaccine at least 3 weeks prior to the experiment cleared their blood of the test vaccine within 30 minutes despite the fact that they exhibit the same febrile response as unsensitized rabbits. After 1 hour, however, a transferable pyrogenic substance was again demonstrable in the sera of this group. Reasons are discussed for believing that this newly appearing substance may be of endogenous origin and may be the factor which directly affects the thermoregulatory centers of the brain. Rabbits which are made tolerant by repeated daily injections of vaccine have a characteristically depressed febrile response. Not only were the blood streams of such animals cleared of the injected vaccine within less than 5 minutes, but samples of their sera obtained 1 and 2 hours after the injection also failed to contain demonstrable quantities of the secondary pyrogen observed in sensitized animals. The latter observation is in keeping with the suggestion that the secondary pyrogen may play a critical role in the production of fever.
Combining EGFR and mTOR Blockade for the Treatment of Epithelioid Sarcoma
Authors: Xianbiao Xie, Markus P.H. Ghadimi, Eric D. Young, Roman Belousov, Quan-sheng Zhu, Juehui Liu, Gonzalo Lopez, Chiara Colombo, Tingsheng Peng, David Reynoso, Jason L. Hornick, Alexander J. Lazar, Dina Lev
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Molecular deregulations underlying epithelioid sarcoma (ES) progression are poorly understood yet critically needed to develop new therapies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in ES; using preclinical models, we examined the ES EGFR role and assessed anti-ES EGFR blockade effects, alone and with mTOR inhibition.
Mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in cardiac failure and hypertrophy
Authors: M. P Pye, S. M Cobbe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in cardiac failure and hypertrophy Get access Maurice P Pye, Maurice P Pye Department of Medical Cardiology, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexander Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stuart M Cobbe Stuart M Cobbe Department of Medical Cardiology, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexander Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 8, August 1992, Pages 740–750, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.8.740 Published: 01 August 1992 Article history Received: 20 August 1991 Accepted: 07 May 1992 Published: 01 August 1992
Cytosolic Heat Shock Protein 60, Hypoxia, and Apoptosis
Authors: S. Gupta, A.A. Knowlton
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Heat shock protein (HSP)60 is an abundant protein found primarily in the mitochondria, though 15% to 20% is found in the cytosol. Previously we observed that HSP60 complexes with bax in the cytosol. Reduction in HSP60 precipitates translocation of bax to the mitochondria and apoptosis. We hypothesized that HSP60 would decrease with hypoxia/reoxygenation and that this would precipitate bax translocation to the mitochondria and release of cytochrome c.Adult rat cardiac myocytes were studied at end-hypoxia and at 10 and 24 hours of reoxygenation. HSP60 levels were unchanged at end-hypoxia and decreased 33% and 40% at 10 and 24 hours of reoxygenation, whereas HSP72 increased 80% and 110%. Bax and bcl-2 decreased during reoxygenation. However, cytochrome c release occurred at end-hypoxia, before reoxygenation. Cell fractionation was done to analyze this further. In normal myocytes, bax and HSP60 were present in the cytosol, and bax coimmunoprecipitated with cytosolic HSP60. At end-hypoxia, mitochondrial HSP60 was unchanged, but cytosolic HSP60 had disappeared and was now in the plasma membrane fraction. Concurrently, bax was no longer in the cytosol but now in the mitochondria. Thus, although total HSP60 remained the same, it no longer complexed with bax, and bax was free to translocate to the mitochondria and precipitate apoptosis. Reduction in ATP had a similar effect.These studies show that hypoxia results in disassociation of the HSP60-bax complex with translocation of cytosolic HSP60 to the plasma membrane and bax to the mitochondria. This is sufficient to trigger apoptosis.
Clinical picture of peptic ulceration diagnosed endoscopically.
Authors: M C Sheppard, G K Holmes, R Cockel
Journal: Gut (1977)

Clinical features and laboratory data are presented for 100 patients with benign gastric ulceration and 150 patients with duodenal ulceration confirmed endoscopically in a district general hospital unit. Abdominal pain was the commonest indication for endoscopy, but one third of examinations were performed for acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Although the patients were selected by referral for endoscopy their clinical presentation, age, and sex distribution were similar to those reported in previous general surveys. There were no clinical features which clearly distinguished gastric from duodenal ulceration. However, of those with gastric ulceration younger patients more often had distal ulcers and presented with pain, while elderly subjects tended to have high lesser curve involvement and presented with haemorrhage. Moreover, all females presenting with haemorrhage were aged over 50 years, while 6% of males bleeding from gastric ulceration and 40% of males bleeding from duodenal ulceration were under this age. Anaemia when present, except in two premenopausal females, indicated either a recent acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage or a coexistent second diagnosis.
MicroRNAs in B cell development and malignancy
Authors: Thilini R Fernando, Norma I Rodriguez-Malave, Dinesh S Rao
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2012)

Abstract MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and play critical roles in B cell development and malignancy. miRNA expression is important globally, as B cell specific knockouts of Dicer show profound defects in B cell development; and is also critical at the level of specific miRNAs. In this review, we discuss miRNAs that are involved in normal B cell development in the bone marrow and during B cell activation and terminal differentiation in the periphery. Next, we turn to miRNAs that are dysregulated during diseases of B cells, including malignant diseases and autoimmunity. Further study of miRNAs and their targets will lead to a better understanding of B cell development, and should also lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against B cell diseases.
Autologous Transplantation of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Choroid in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Robert E. MacLaren, Gurmit S. Uppal, Kamaljit S. Balaggan, Adnan Tufail, Peter M.G. Munro, Andrew B. Milliken, Robin R. Ali, Gary S. Rubin, G. William Aylward, Lyndon da Cruz
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
T cell-derived B cell differentiation factor(s). Effect on the isotype switch of murine B cells.
Authors: P C Isakson, E Puré, E S Vitetta, P H Krammer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Culturing BALB/c B cells for 6 d at low cell density in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in the appearance of a small number of IgG plaque-forming cells (PFC). The addition of supernatants from concanavalin A (Con A)-induced alloreactive (AKR anti-B6) long-term T cell lines (PK 7.1.1a and 7.1.2) or a T cell hybridoma (FS7-6.18) to LPS-treated B cells resulted in a marked increase in IgG PFC (3--10-fold higher than in cultures treated with LPS alone. The number of induced IgG PFC was not affected by removing IgG-bearing cells on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, indicating that T cell-derived B cell differentiation factor enhances isotype switching of sIgG- cells, rather than selecting and expanding pre-existing subpopulations of sIgG+ cells. We also investigated the subclass of IgG produced in the absence or presence of T cell factors and found that PK 7.1.1a, PK 7.1.2, and FS7-6.18 supernatants selectively increased IgG1 production. Several other T cell supernatants containing a variety of lymphokines had no effect, suggesting that PK 7.1.1a, PK 7.1.2, and FS7-6.18 lines produce factor(s) that can specifically enhance the recovery of IgG secreting cells in culture in the presence of LPS. These factors, which we have termed B cell differentiation factors, are different from interleukin 1, interleukin 2, T cell-replacing factor, colony-stimulating factor, macrophage-activating factor, and immune interferon. Our results suggest that soluble factors produced by T cell lines and hybridomas can markedly influence both the class and subclass of Ig produced by B cells.
Electrocardiographic Alterations Produced by an Increase in Plasma pH, Bicarbonate and Sodium as Compared with Those Seen with a Decrease in Potassium
Authors: MELVILLE G. MAGIDA, KATHLEEN E. ROBERTS
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

The effects of an increase in plasma pH, bicarbonate and sodium on the electrocardiogram of the normal dog have been compared with those produced by a decrease in plasma potassium. The electrocardiographic alterations in these experimentally induced situations were found to be similar in form and progression.
Induction of nitric oxide synthase gene by interleukin-1 beta in cultured rat cardiocytes.
Authors: M Tsujino, Y Hirata, T Imai, K Kanno, S Eguchi, H Ito, F Marumo
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Impaired myocardial contractility in septic shock is protracting, which may be caused by cytokine-induced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the heart. However, the cellular mechanism by which cytokines induce nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in cardiocytes remains obscure. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the effect of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on synthesis of NO2-/NO3- (NOx) and the expression of NOS mRNA and protein in cultured neonatal rat cardiocytes. IL-1 beta dose-dependently (0.1 to 10 ng/mL) stimulated NOx production as a function of time (6 to 48 hours). Northern blot analysis using complementary DNAs for rat brain-type constitutive (c) NOS and mouse macrophage-type inducible (i) NOS as probes showed that IL-1 beta induced expression of mRNA for iNOS but not for cNOS, starting after 6 hours and reaching a maximum after 48 hours in cardiocytes. IL-1 beta similarly induced iNOS mRNA expression in cultured adult rat cardiocytes in a time-dependent manner. Western blot analysis using specific antibody against the N-terminal fragment of mouse iNOS revealed the expression of 130-kD iNOS-like protein in IL-1 beta-treated cardiocytes. Northern blotting and immunocytochemical study revealed that IL-1 beta-induced iNOS mRNA and iNOS-like immunoreactivity were exclusively localized to cardiac myocytes but also to nonmyocytes, to a lesser extent. NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine, an NOS inhibitor, completely blocked the IL-1 beta-induced NOx production, whose effect was reversed by L-arginine but not by D-arginine. Dexamethasone inhibited the IL-1 beta-induced NOx production as well as iNOS mRNA expression. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D completely inhibited the IL-1 beta-induced NOx production and iNOS mRNA expression. Neither a calmodulin inhibitor (W-7), a protein kinase C inhibitor (calphostin C), nor a Ca2+ channel antagonist (nicardipine) showed any effect on the IL-1 beta-induced NOx production. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that IL-1 beta induces macrophage-type iNOS mRNA expression mainly by cardiac myocytes but also by nonmyocytes to a lesser extent, and subsequent de novo protein synthesis of iNOS leads to excessive local production of NO by cardiocytes.
Human and animal health: strengthening the link: Child and animal abuse are linked
Authors: M E Jan Wise
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Methodological concerns about animal facilitated therapy with dolphinsEditor-We have the following concerns with Antonioli and Reveley's study of animal facilitated depression with dolphins in the treatment of depression. 1 The study was small (30 patients), only 13 people from the animal care programme and 12 from the outdoor nature programme completing the study.The authors used a conservative measure to estimate the number of patients required for this study, and even then fell short by 17%.Single women predominated in both arms.It is difficult to fathom how clinical raters can be blinded to the treatment hypothesis.The authors did not mention the ethnic group of the participants.Only people who could go to Honduras were able to take part in this study.Most people with mild depression will not be able to take a three week holiday.The findings are not generalisable as most people would not be able to afford to go to such a location and swimming and snorkeling are not necessarily favourite pastimes.There may be a vacation bias.If the study group sponsored the three week trip to Honduras we suspect that a free three week trip to a seaside location in Latin America would in itself be a powerful antidepressant.There may be a disappointment bias.If the control group were aware of the potential to be in a group where they could interact with dolphins for two weeks before they reached Honduras, they could be disappointed in missing out.People with depression perceive disappointment more intensely.The study could have been done in a more natural and plausible setting with common pets such as dogs or cats for a fraction of the cost.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SHOCK PRODUCED BY ENDOTOXIN, TRAUMA, AND HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Benjamin W. Zweifach, Baruj Benacerraf, Lewis Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

In studies designed to establish the interrelationship between bacterial endotoxins and the vascular sequelae of hemorrhagic and traumatic shock, the effect of factors known to influence the phagocytic behavior of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) were investigated. Measures which induced a so called "blockade" of the RES were uniformly associated with an exacerbation of the vascular effects of the endotoxin of E. coli. Such pretreatment also counteracted the cross-tolerance induced by endotoxins against the lethal effects of hemorrhage or drum trauma. The vascular reactions characteristic of irreversible hemorrhagic shock could be simulated by a combination of pretreatment with carbon or proferrin and the infusion of small doses of E. coli endotoxin. An increase in the phagocytic activity of the RES, induced by repeated injections of certain colloids, was associated with an enhanced tolerance of shock. Measurement of carbon clearance values indicated that although an augmented phagocytic capacity was present in rats with induced tolerance to bacterial endotoxins, the development of resistance to trauma was not associated with a comparable change in the phagocytic function of the RES.
Angiotensin converting enzyme in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome: plasma activity and gene polymorphisms
Authors: S. Teramoto, H. Kume, T. Matsuse, T. Ishii, Y. Inoue
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

To the Editor: 

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Barcelo et al. 1 reported results on the plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and the distribution of an insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the ACE gene both in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) patients and in healthy controls. They found that ACE activity was higher in OSAS patients (53.9±2.5 international units (IU)·L−1) than in healthy controls (42.4±3.1 IU·L−1, p<0.01). However, the frequency distribution of the DD, II and ID genotypes in OSAS patients (30%, 16%, 54%, respectively) was not significantly different from that seen in healthy subjects (31%, 28%, 41%, respectively, p=0.356). They speculated that the increased ACE plasma …