tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AMNESIA: A STATISTICAL STUDY
Authors: MARK KANZER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

1. Seventy-one cases of hysterical amnesia are reviewed; 41 were male, 30 female; the age distribution showed that most cases occur in the third and fourth decades of life. 2. Marital rifts and unfortunate love affairs are the most frequently recurring factors in the past histories. Alcoholism and financial difficulties also play important roles. The various cases present characteristic features which are linked with the specific underlying problems. 3. Atypical cases of "hysterical amnesia" often appear to depend primarily on other than psychogenic factors, such as epilepsy, head injuries, etc. 4. The question of malingering is discussed and the typical features of the amnesic episode reviewed. 5. The frequency of headaches is emphasized and the significance of this complaint for a subsequent elaboration into false accusations is discussed. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. Karl M. Bowman for comments and suggestions concerning the preparation of this article.
Rabeximod reduces arthritis severity in mice by decreasing activation of inflammatory cells
Authors: M. Hultqvist, K. S. Nandakumar, U. Bjorklund, R. Holmdahl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The novel small molecule 9-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-6-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylaminoethylamino-2-oxoethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b] quinoxaline (Rabeximod) reduces severity of arthritis in rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to investigate the cellular target in vivo. <h3>Methods</h3> Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) is induced by monoclonal collagen type II antibodies and enhanced by lipopolysaccharide. It was investigated how and when Rabeximod operates on inflammatory cells after stimulation of either Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 (lipopolysaccharide) or TLR2 (lipomannan) in mice lacking functional signalling through TLR4 due to a spontaneous deletion of the <i>Tlr4</i> gene. <h3>Results</h3> Rabeximod efficiently prevented arthritis during the time window when TLR2 or TLR4 ligands activate inflammatory macrophages. The effect operated downstream of TLR activation as Rabeximod was highly therapeutic in CAIA enhanced through TLR2 stimuli in TLR4 deficient mice. In addition, it was found that the arthritis ameliorating effect of Rabeximod was time dependent, since inhibition of tumour necrosis factor α production from macrophages in vitro was more pronounced if administered close to stimulation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Rabeximod suppresses arthritis by preventing activation of inflammatory cells, most likely macrophages, in a time dependent fashion, downstream of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation.
Highlights of the North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference 2009
Authors: Andrew M Jones, Jennifer Helm, Ruth Richmond, Emily Mason-Smith, Amanda Brennan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

The 2009 meeting brought us exciting news on the progress of emerging treatments, updates on the continual evolution of clinical issues and of tools, such as PORT CF, for assessing and helping further improve the quality of clinical care for patients with CF worldwide. We look forward to the next NACFC in Baltimore, on 21–23 October 2010!
Antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Authors: E J Minton, J T Macfarlane
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Background.Penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now found worldwide, and strains with resistance to cephalosporin are being reported.The appropriate antibiotic for pneumococcal pneumonia due to resistant strains remains controversial.Methods.To examine the effect of resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin on mortality, we conducted a 10-year, prospective study in Barcelona of 504 adults with culture-proved pneumococcal pneumonia.Results.Among the 504 patients, 145 (29 percent) had penicillin-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] of penicillin G, 0 12 to 4.0 ug per milliliter), and 31 patients (6 percent) had cephalosporin-resistant strains (MIC of ceftriaxone or cefotaxime, 1.0 to 40 pum per milliliter).Mortality was 38 percent in patients with penicillin-resistant strains, as compared with 24 percent in patients with penicillin-sensitive strains (P= 0.001).However, after the exclusion of patients with polymicrobial pneumonia and adjustment for other predictors of mortality, the odds ratio for mortality in patients with penicillin-resistant strains was 1.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.5 to 1 9: P= 0*84).Among patients treated with penicillin G or ampicillin, the mortality was 25 percent in the 24 with penicillin-resistant strains and 19 percent in the 126 with penicillin-sensitive strains (P= 0.51).Among patients treated with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime, the mortality was 22 percent in the 59 with penicillin-resistant strains and 25 percent in the 127 with penicillin-sensitive strains (P=0*64).The frequency of resistance to cephalosporin increased from 2 percent in 1984-1988 to 9 percent in [1989][1990][1991][1992][1993] (P=0.002).Mortality was 26 percent in patients with cephalosporin-resistant S. pneumoniae and 28 percent in patients with susceptible organisms (P= 0-89).Among patients treated with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime, mortality was 22 percent in the 18 with cephalosporin-resistant strains and 24 percent in the 168 with cephalosporin-sensitive organisms (P= 0-64).Condusions.Current levels of resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin by S. pneumoniae are not associated with increased mortality in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia.Hence, these antibiotics remain the therapy of choice for this disease.
M18 The Relationship between anxiety and depression to exacerbations of COPD resulting in hospital admissions; a narrative systematic review
Authors: A Pooler, R Beech
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Exacerbations because of COPD are the third largest cause of emergency hospital admissions in the UK. This systematic literature review explored the relationshipbetween hospitalisation rates and the COPD co-morbidities, anxiety and depression. <h3>Methods</h3> The Centre for Research Dissemination’s framework for systematic reviews was followed using search terms relating to COPD, anxiety, depression and hospital admission. Papers identified were assessed for relevance and quality using a suitable CASP tool and the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT). <h3>Results</h3> Quantitative studies (18) indicated that anxiety and depression led to a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of COPD patients being hospitalised. These co-morbidities also led to an increased length of stay and a greater risk of mortality post discharge. Other significant factors included lower BODE scores, female gender, lower socioeconomic status, poorer patient perceived quality of life, increased severity of lung function and less improvement in dyspnoea from admission to discharge. It was also highlighted that only 27–33% of those with depression were being treated for it. Qualitative studies (6), revealed that patients saw anxiety and depression as a major factor that affected their ability to cope with and self-manage their condition. <h3>Implications</h3> Findings from the systematic review have highlighted a need for better recognition and treatment of anxiety and depression amongst individuals with COPD. On-going research will develop and test strategies for promoting better management and self-management as a means of reducing hospital admissions.
TGF-β synergizes with defects in the Hippo pathway to stimulate human malignant mesothelioma growth
Authors: Makiko Fujii, Takeshi Toyoda, Hayao Nakanishi, Yasushi Yatabe, Ayuko Sato, Yasue Matsudaira, Hidemi Ito, Hideki Murakami, Yutaka Kondo, Eisaku Kondo, Toyoaki Hida, Tohru Tsujimura, Hirotaka Osada, Yoshitaka Sekido
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an incurable malignancy that is caused by exposure to asbestos and is accompanied by severe fibrosis. Because MM is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and clinical identification of early lesions is difficult, its molecular pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated. Nearly 75% of MM cases have inactivating mutations in the NF2 (neurofibromatosis type 2; Merlin) gene or in downstream signaling molecules of the Hippo signaling cascade, which negatively regulates the transcription factor Yes-associated protein (YAP). In this study, we demonstrate a functional interaction between the Hippo and TGF-β pathways in regulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Expression of CTGF in MM cells was induced by the formation of a YAP–TEAD4–Smad3–p300 complex on the CTGF promoter. Knocking down CTGF expression in MM cells prolonged the survival of xenografted mice, and a significant association was seen between CTGF expression and extracellular matrix deposition in MM xenografts and in patient tissue specimens. We further suggest that CTGF may influence the malignancy of mesothelioma because of the different histological expression patterns observed in human MM tissues. These data suggest that CTGF is an important modulator of MM growth and pathology and represents a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Prophylactic Oral Minocycline and Topical Tazarotene for Cetuximab-Associated Acne-Like Eruption
Authors: Alon Scope, Anna Liza C. Agero, Stephen W. Dusza, Patricia L. Myskowski, Jocelyn A. Lieb, Leonard Saltz, Nancy E. Kemeny, Allan C. Halpern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

To evaluate the ability of either oral minocycline, topical tazarotene or both, to reduce or prevent cetuximab-related acneiform rash when administered starting on day 1 of cetuximab therapy.Metastatic colorectal cancer patients preparing to initiate cetuximab were randomly assigned to receive daily oral minocycline or placebo, and to receive topical tazarotene application to either left or right side of the face. Both therapies were administered for 8 weeks.Forty-eight eligible patients were randomly assigned to minocycline (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24). Total facial lesion counts were significantly lower in patients receiving minocycline at weeks 1 through 4. At week 4, a lower proportion of patients in the minocycline arm reported moderate to severe itch than in the placebo arm (20% v 50%, P = .05). Facial photographs, obtained at week 4, were reviewed for rash global severity. Patients in the minocycline arm trended toward lower frequency of moderate to severe rash than patients receiving placebo (20% v 42%, P = .13). The differences in total facial lesion counts and subjectively assessed itch were diminished by week 8. Cetuximab treatment was interrupted because of grade 3 skin rash in four patients in the placebo arm, and none in the minocycline arm. There was no observed clinical benefit to tazarotene application. Tazarotene treatment was associated with significant irritation, causing its discontinuation in one third of patients.Prophylaxis with oral minocycline may be useful in decreasing the severity of the acneiform rash during the first month of cetuximab treatment. Topical tazarotene is not recommended for management of cetuximab-related rash.
Targeted genomic sequencing of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma identifies recurrent alterations in antiapoptotic and chromatin-remodeling genes
Authors: Lisa Giulino-Roth, Kai Wang, Theresa Y. MacDonald, Susan Mathew, Yifang Tam, Maureen T. Cronin, Gary Palmer, Norma Lucena-Silva, Francisco Pedrosa, Marcia Pedrosa, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Govind Bhagat, Bachir Alobeid, Lorenzo Leoncini, Cristiana Bellan, Emily Rogena, Kerice A. Pinkney, Mark A. Rubin, Raul C. Ribeiro, Roman Yelensky, Wayne Tam, Philip J. Stephens, Ethel Cesarman
Journal: Blood (2012)
Fel d 1 production in the cat skin varies according to anatomical sites
Authors: N. Carayol, J. Birnbaum, A. Magnan, M. Ramadour, A. Lanteaume, D. Vervloet, Y. Tessier, P. Pageat
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Fel d 1 is the major cat allergen,inducing asthma in sensitized individuals. It is produced by the skin and lies on fur. Recently, it was established that the amount of Fel d 1 on fur varies among anatomical sites. However, it is not known whether the allergen production by skin varies in parallel. The objective was to compare the Fel d 1 production by male cat skin in two anatomical sites, the face and the chest, in order to correlate it with Fel d 1 amounts on fur, and to assess the reaccumulation of Fel d 1 after washing. Methods: Ten intact male cats were shaved under general anesthesia at both areas, and the fur was collected. The skin was washed and the washing fluid collected for Fel d 1 assays. Fel d 1 levels were measured in μg/g fur and ng/cm 2 skin by ELISA before and after washing and 48 h later. Results: In skin washing, the mean Fel d 1 level was significantly higher in the face (1015.2±821.6 ng/cm 2 ) than the chest (115.2±66.8 ng/cm 2 ). In the fur, the respective levels were 63.6±34 and 29.6±13.6 μg/g. In the skin sample taken after skin washing, the level of Fel d 1 dropped to 25.1±25.7 ng/cm 2 on the face and to 22±17.4 ng/cm 2 on the chest. After 2 days, skin Fel d 1 levels returned to basal values, with higher values on the face than the chest. Conclusions: This study shows that Fel d 1 levels on the skin are dramatically higher on the facial area than chest. This anatomical variation is concordant with the levels of Fel d 1 found on fur. Washing reduces levels of major allergen on cat skin and fur, but the accumulation on skin is restored within 2 days.
Enhancement of Nitrosourea Activity in Medulloblastoma and Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Henry S. Friedman, M. Eileen Dolan, Robert C. Moschel, Anthony E. Pegg, G. Michael Felker, Jeremy Rich, Darell D. Bigner, S. Clifford Schold
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Enhancement of Nitrosourea Activity in Medulloblastoma and Glioblastoma Multiforme Get access Henry S. Friedman, Henry S. Friedman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Eileen Dolan, M. Eileen Dolan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert C. Moschel, Robert C. Moschel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anthony E. Pegg, Anthony E. Pegg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Michael Felker, G. Michael Felker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeremy Rich, Jeremy Rich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Darell D. Bigner, Darell D. Bigner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Clifford Schold S. Clifford Schold Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 24, 16 December 1992, Pages 1926–1931, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.24.1926 Published: 16 December 1992 Article history Received: 03 August 1992 Revision received: 24 September 1992 Accepted: 29 September 1992 Published: 16 December 1992
Liver macrophages in murine listeriosis. Cell-mediated immunity is correlated with an influx of macrophages capable of generating reactive oxygen intermediates.
Authors: D A Lepay, R M Steinman, C F Nathan, H W Murray, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Sublethal infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes was accompanied by an influx of immigrant macrophages into the liver and the generation of substantial H2O2 by isolated liver macrophages. H2O2 production paralleled the course of infection and, after resolution of granulomata, returned to the low levels seen in normal livers. To assess the activation status of Kupffer cells and immigrant macrophages in listeriosis, a separation protocol was developed based on the differential adherence properties of the two macrophage populations. As in the steady state, Kupffer cells in listeriosis failed to generate significant levels of H2O2 and did support the replication of internalized toxoplasmas. Immigrant macrophages produced substantial levels of H2O2 and could quantitatively account for H2O2 production by total liver macrophages. Our findings suggest distinct functions for Kupffer cells and immigrant macrophages.
The Effect of Repeated Ozone Exposures on Inflammatory Markers in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Mucosal Biopsies
Authors: RUDOLF A. JÖRRES, OLAF HOLZ, WOLFGANG ZACHGO, PETRA TIMM, SILKE KOSCHYK, BERND MÜLLER, FRIEDRICH GRIMMINGER, WERNER SEEGER, FRANK J. KELLY, CHRISTINE DUNSTER, THOMAS FRISCHER, GERD LUBEC, MARC WASCHEWSKI, AXEL NIENDORF, HELGO MAGNUSSEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and biochemical events associated with repeated exposures to ozone. Twenty-three healthy subjects underwent single exposures to 200 ppb ozone and to filtered air (FA), as well as repeated exposures to 200 ppb ozone on 4 consecutive days, each for 4 h of intermittent exercise. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and mucosal biopsies were taken 20 h after the single or the last of the repeated exposures. As compared with FA, the single exposure to ozone caused a decrease in FEV1, an increase in the percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes, the concentrations of total protein, IL-6, IL-8, reduced glutathione, urate, and ortho-tyrosine in BAL fluid (BALF), but no changes in the cellular composition of biopsy. After the repeated exposure, the effect on lung function was abolished and differential cell counts in BALF were not significantly different from those after FA. However, the concentrations of total protein, IL-6, IL-8, reduced glutathione, and ortho-tyrosine were still increased. IL-10 could only be detected in BALF after repeated ozone exposures. Furthermore, macroscopic scores for bronchitis, erythema, and hypervulnerability of airway mucosa were increased, as well as numbers of neutrophils in bronchial mucosal biopsies. Our data demonstrate that airway inflammation persists after repeated ozone exposure, despite attenuation of some inflammatory markers in BALF and adaptation of lung function.
Inhibition by 6-Mercaptopurine of Polyarthritis induced by Freund's Adjuvant
Authors: J.L. Kalliomäki, H.A. Saarimaa, P. Toivanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1964)

Formation of granuloma and production of antibodies in guinea-pigs receiving egg albumen with Freund's adjuvant may be suppressed by cortisone (Fischel, Kabat, Stoerk, Skolnick, and Bezer, 1954).The arthritis induced in rats by Freund's adjuvant may also be prevented by treatment with cortisone (e.g.Houssay and Fran-
New therapeutic strategies for hepatitis C
Authors: Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, John McHutchison, Charles M. Rice
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

iral hepatitis is the single most important cause of liver disease in the United States and worldwide.With this in mind, the AASLD has launched an annual single topic conference devoted exclusively to viral hepatitis with the intention of bringing together researchers in viral hepatitis to foster progress in this important area.The first of these conferences, held June 15-16, 2001 in Chicago, IL, focused on new, evolving, and future approaches to therapy of hepatitis C.Dr. Eugene Schiff (University of Miami) reviewed the history and impact of hepatitis C. It appears that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) emerged in the U.S. population beginning in the 1960s, related to blood transfusion and injection drug use, although the extent of the problem was only apparent after 1990 when reliable blood tests first became available for hepatitis C. 1 Studies of the natural history have been somewhat contradictory but indicate that over the first 20 years of chronic HCV infection, 20% of chronically infected patients will develop cirrhosis, and many of those will progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. 2HCV-associated end-stage liver disease is now recognized as a leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States and the developed western world.
Aldosterone Upregulates Ca <sup>2+</sup> Current in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Jean-Pierre Bénitah, Guy Vassort
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Aldosterone is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, independent of its relation with arterial blood pressure. However, little information exists about the possible influence of this mineralocorticoisteroid on cardiomyocyte electrical activity. The present study was designed to determine the role of aldosterone on whole-cell Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes using the patch-clamp technique. We found that incubation of cells with 1 micromol/L aldosterone for 24 hours increases the density of I(Ca) significantly. This "long-term" aldosterone treatment had no significant effects on the kinetics and voltage dependence of I(Ca) inactivation. Moreover, no demonstrable influence of aldosterone on I(Ca) could be detected during short-term exposure (up to 6 hours), under our experimental conditions. The classical aldosterone intracellular receptor antagonist spironolactone (250-fold excess) was able to blunt the aldosterone-induced increase in I(Ca) density. These effects were also observed with lower concentrations of aldosterone (10 and 100 nmol/L). Moreover, inhibitors of transcription (actinomycin D, 5 microg/mL) and protein synthesis (cycloheximide, 20 microg/mL) prevented the aldosterone-dependent increase in I(Ca). Therefore, the long latency I(Ca) stimulation effect of aldosterone might result from an increased channel expression. We suggest that this genomic action contributes to the increased I(Ca) observed during cardiac remodeling.
PK-Directed Intravenous Busulfan In Combination With High-Dose Melphalan and Bortezomib As Conditioning Regimen For Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Stefan K Barta, Amitabha Mazumder, Jason Carter, Lawrence Almanzar, Richard Elkind, Ramakrishna Battini, Olga Derman, Noah Kornblum, Xiaonan Xue, Amit Verma, Ira Braunschweig
Journal: Blood (2013)