tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Clinically Relevant Mental and Physical Health Problems
Authors: Jacqueline G.L. A-Tjak, Michelle L. Davis, Nexhmedin Morina, Mark B. Powers, Jasper A.J. Smits, Paul M.G. Emmelkamp
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The current study presents the results of a meta-analysis of 39 randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), including 1,821 patients with mental disorders or somatic health problems. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Information provided by the ACBS (Association of Contextual Behavioral Science) community was also included. Statistical calculations were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Study quality was rated using a methodology rating form. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ACT outperformed control conditions (Hedges' g = 0.57) at posttreatment and follow-up assessments in completer and intent-to-treat analyses for primary outcomes. ACT was superior to waitlist (Hedges' g = 0.82), to psychological placebo (Hedges' g = 0.51) and to treatment as usual (TAU) (we defined TAU as the standard treatment as usual; Hedges' g = 0.64). ACT was also superior on secondary outcomes (Hedges' g = 0.30), life satisfaction/quality measures (Hedges' g = 0.37) and process measures (Hedges' g = 0. 56) compared to control conditions. The comparison between ACT and established treatments (cognitive behavioral therapy) did not reveal any significant differences between these treatments (p = 0.140). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Our findings indicate that ACT is more effective than treatment as usual or placebo and that ACT may be as effective in treating anxiety disorders, depression, addiction, and somatic health problems as established psychological interventions. More research that focuses on quality of life and processes of change is needed to understand the added value of ACT and its transdiagnostic nature.
Metabolic Signatures Imaged in Cancer-Induced Cachexia
Authors: Marie-France Penet, Mayur M. Gadiya, Balaji Krishnamachary, Sridhar Nimmagadda, Martin G. Pomper, Dmitri Artemov, Zaver M. Bhujwalla
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer-induced cachexia is a complex and poorly understood life-threatening syndrome that is characterized by progressive weight loss due to metabolic alterations, depletion of lipid stores, and severe loss of skeletal muscle protein. Gaining the ability to noninvasively image the presence or onset of cachexia is important to better treat this condition, to improve the design and optimization of therapeutic strategies, and to detect the responses to such treatments. In this study, we employed noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to identify metabolic signatures typical of cachectic tumors, using this information to analyze the types and extents of metabolic changes induced by the onset of cachexia in normal tissues. Cachexia was confirmed by weight loss as well as analyses of muscle tissue and serum. In vivo, cachexia-inducing murine adenocarcinoma (MAC)16 tumors were characterized by higher total choline (tCho) and higher 18FDG uptake than histologically similar noncachectic MAC13 tumors. A profound depletion of the lipid signal was observed in normal tissue of MAC16 tumor–bearing mice but not within the tumor tissue itself. High-resolution 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) confirmed the high tCho level observed in cachectic tumors that occurred because of an increase of free choline and phosphocholine. Higher succinate and lower creatine levels were also detected in cachectic tumors. Taken together, these findings enhance our understanding of the effect of cancer on host organs and tissues as well as promote the development of noninvasive biomarkers for the presence of cachexia and identification of new therapeutic targets. Cancer Res; 71(22); 6948–56. ©2011 AACR.
RSV infection in prematurely born infants.
Authors: S Deshpande
Journal: Thorax (2006)

I read with interest the article by Broughton et al 1 and wish to offer the following comments.

(1) The duration of oxygen therapy (in both table 1 and the text) ranges from 30 to 107 weeks, thus qualifying every baby in the cohort as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Even if this was in days, it would make every baby oxygen dependent 28 days after birth compared with 19% in other studies.2

(2) The rate of BPD in this cohort was 40%, which is much higher than has been reported for babies of similar gestation in recent years.2,3 In view of this high rate of BPD and prolonged oxygen dependency, the studied cohort might have consisted of rather sick infants.

(3) Since discharge home …
Candidate Genes in Breast Cancer Revealed by Microarray-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization of Archived Tissue
Authors: Michelle Nessling, Karsten Richter, Carsten Schwaenen, Peter Roerig, Gunnar Wrobel, Swen Wessendorf, Björn Fritz, Martin Bentz, Hans-Peter Sinn, Bernhard Radlwimmer, Peter Lichter
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Genomic imbalances in 31 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded primary tumors of advanced breast cancer were analyzed by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (matrix-CGH). A DNA chip was designed comprising 422 mapped genomic sequences including 47 proto-oncogenes, 15 tumor suppressor genes, as well as frequently imbalanced chromosomal regions. Analysis of the data was challenging due to the impaired quality of DNA prepared from paraffin-embedded samples. Nevertheless, using a method for the statistical evaluation of the balanced state for each individual experiment, we were able to reveal imbalances with high significance, which were in good concordance with previous data collected by chromosomal CGH from the same patients. Owing to the improved resolution of matrix-CGH, genomic imbalances could be narrowed down to the level of individual bacterial artificial chromosome and P1-derived artificial chromosome clones. On average 37 gains and 13 losses per tumor cell genome were scored. Gains in more than 30% of the cases were found on 1p, 1q, 6p, 7p, 8q, 9q, 11q, 12q, 17p, 17q, 20q, and 22q, and losses on 6q, 9p, 11q, and 17p. Of the 51 chromosomal regions found amplified by matrix-CGH, only 12 had been identified by chromosomal CGH. Within these 51 amplicons, genome database information defined 112 candidate genes, 44 of which were validated by either PCR amplification of sequence tag sites or DNA sequence analysis.
Introduction of a murine p53 mutation corresponding to human codon 249 into a murine hepatocyte cell line results in growth advantage, but not in transformation*1
Authors: Luba Dumenco, Delphine Oguey, Justina Wu, Norma Messier, Nelson Fausto
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The p53 gene is frequently mutated in human tumors; in hepatocellular carcinomas, there is a high frequency of a specific mutation at codon 249 in regions with significant aflatoxin exposure. To assess the role of this p53 mutation in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, a mutant murine p53 gene, p53ser246, which corresponds to human codon 249, was transfected into a differentiated, nontransformed hepatocyte cell line AML12. Expression of p53ser246 in this line resulted in a growth advantage when compared with either a control vector (which contains a large p53 deletion) or with a different p53 mutant, val135, not found in hepatocellular carcinoma. Overall, there was a threefold increase in colony formation after transfection with p53ser246 as compared with the control or p53val135 vectors, and the p53ser246 plates developed consistently larger colonies. Whereas clones expressing the control or p53val135 constructs showed no significant morphological changes, clones expressing p53ser246 showed increased heterogeneity (large multinucleated cells and areas of small crowded cells) without focus formation. In addition, the ser246 mutation imparted a growth advantage in serum free media, suggesting less dependence on specific factors present in serum. None of the mutant p53 or control lines were capable of growth in soft agar or tumor formation in nude mice. Thus in this model, in which endogenous wild-type p53 expression is retained, a high level of mutant p53 expression is not sufficient to transform hepatocytes. Our findings indicate that p53ser246 has effects on hepatocytes that may result in a clonal growth advantage and suggest that additional factors are required for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of non‐malignant genetic diseases: An alemtuzumab based regimen is associated with cure of clinical disease; earlier clearance of alemtuzumab may be associated with graft rejection
Authors: Hisham Abdel‐Azim, Kris Michael Mahadeo, Quan Zhao, Sajad Khazal, Donald B. Kohn, Gay M. Crooks, Ami J. Shah, Neena Kapoor
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with matched unrelated donors (MUD), offers potentially curative therapy for patients with non-malignant genetic diseases. In this pilot study conducted from 2006 to 2014, we report the outcomes of 15 patients with non-malignant genetic diseases who received a myeloablative regimen with a reduced cyclophosphamide dose, adjunctive serotherapy and MUD HSCT [intravenous alemtuzumab (52 mg/m(2) ), busulfan (16 mg/kg), fludarabine (140mg/m(2) ), and cyclophosphamide (105 mg/kg)]. Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus/cyclosporine and methylprednisolone. Median (range) time to neutrophil engraftment (>500 cells/µL) and platelet engraftment (>20,000/mm(3) ) were 15 (12-28) and 25 (17-30) days, respectively. At a median follow-up of 2 (0.2-5.4) years, the overall survival (OS) was 93.3% (95% CI: 0.61-0.99) and disease-free survival (DFS) was 73.3% (95% CI: 0.44-0.89). Among this small sample, earlier alemtuzumab clearance was significantly associated with graft rejection (P = 0.047), earlier PHA response (P = 0.009) and a trend toward earlier recovery of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) (P = 0.06). This regimen was associated with durable donor engraftment and relatively low rates of regimen related toxicity (RRT); future alemtuzumab pharmacokinetic studies may improve outcomes, by allowing targeted alemtuzumab clearance to reduce graft rejection and promote more rapid immune reconstitution.
ColoGuideEx: a robust gene classifier specific for stage II colorectal cancer prognosis
Authors: Trude H Ågesen, Anita Sveen, Marianne A Merok, Guro E Lind, Arild Nesbakken, Rolf I Skotheim, Ragnhild A Lothe
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Several clinical factors have an impact on prognosis in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC), but as yet they are inadequate for risk assessment. The present study aimed to develop a gene expression classifier for improved risk stratification of patients with stage II CRC. <h3>Methods</h3> 315 CRC samples were included in the study. Gene expression measurements from 207 CRC samples (stage I–IV) from two independent Norwegian clinical series were obtained using Affymetrix exon-level microarrays. Differentially expressed genes between stage I and stage IV samples from the test series were identified and used as input for L1 (lasso) penalised Cox proportional hazards analyses of patients with stage II CRC from the same series. A second validation was performed in 108 stage II CRC samples from other populations (USA and Australia). <h3>Results</h3> An optimal 13-gene expression classifier (<i>PIGR</i>, <i>CXCL13</i>, <i>MMP3</i>, <i>TUBA1B</i>, <i>SESN1</i>, <i>AZGP1</i>, <i>KLK6</i>, <i>EPHA7</i>, <i>SEMA3A</i>, <i>DSC3</i>, <i>CXCL10</i>, <i>ENPP3</i>, <i>BNIP3</i>) for prediction of relapse among patients with stage II CRC was developed using a consecutive Norwegian test series from patients treated according to current standard protocols (n=44, p&lt;0.001, HR=18.2), and its predictive value was successfully validated for patients with stage II CRC in a second Norwegian CRC series collected two decades previously (n=52, p=0.02, HR=3.6). Further validation of the classifier was obtained in a recent external dataset of patients with stage II CRC from other populations (n=108, p=0.001, HR=6.5). Multivariate Cox regression analyses, including all three sample series and various clinicopathological variables, confirmed the independent prognostic value of the classifier (p≤0.004). The classifier was shown to be specific to stage II CRC and does not provide prognostic stratification of patients with stage III CRC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study presents the development and validation of a 13-gene expression classifier, ColoGuideEx, for prognosis prediction specific to patients with stage II CRC. The robustness was shown across patient series, populations and different microarray versions.
Serum immune complexes containing IgA appear to predict erosive arthritis in a longitudinal study in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M L Westedt, M R Daha, W M Baldwin, T Stijnen, A Cats
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Fifty seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied longitudinally, and the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and various types of immune complexes (IC) was correlated with joint activity and the presence of extra-articular features (EAF). In a cross sectional study it was found that the levels of circulating IC and RF correlated significantly with joint disease activity and the presence of EAF. Longitudinally, levels of IC measured by the C1q binding activity and IC containing IgG and IgM correlated significantly with fluctuations in joint disease activity, whereas IC containing IgG and IgA correlated with the occurrence of EAF. RF and IC levels, however, did not predict the clinical course of the disease. IC containing C3 and C4 were found infrequently and were only present in patients with active rheumatoid vasculitis (RV). The continuous presence of these IC appeared to be linked to the recurrence of vasculitis, irrespective of treatment. Significantly more erosions of hands and feet were found after one year follow up in those RA patients who presented early (disease duration less than one year) who initially had a raised serum IgA IC level (r = 0.72; p less than 0.005).
Prospects for a Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Polypill
Authors: Kaustubh C. Dabhadkar, Ambar Kulshreshtha, Mohammed K. Ali, K.M. Venkat Narayan
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2011)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for one-third of annual global mortality. The aggregated benefits of concurrently controlling common CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension, in people at overall risk for CVD is postulated to be more efficient than treating each individual risk factor to target. Administration of a polypill consisting of cholesterol-lowering (statins), antihypertensive, and antiplatelet agents together would simultaneously lower multiple risk factors, and applying such a population risk-reduction strategy would drastically reduce CVD incidence. This idea has generated much controversy and debate over the past decade. A few studies have emerged providing early evidence about the safety and efficacy of such a pill, and the results of ongoing and planned studies of outcome are eagerly anticipated. In this article, we review and interpret the existing evidence as well as explore the potential of a polypill for primary and secondary prevention of CVD.
A study of six patients with hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa with particular reference to albumin metabolism
Authors: E. A. Jones, W. B. Young, B. C. Morson, A. M. Dawson
Journal: Gut (1972)

Six patients with hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa (Menetrier's disease) have been studied. An incorrect diagnosis was initially made in four patients. The correct diagnosis was suggested by the appearances either of barium meal radiographs of the stomach or at gastroscopy. Estimates of both basal and maximal gastric acid secretion were within normal limits. A definitive histological diagnosis requires an adequate full-thickness biopsy of the wall of the stomach; a peroral gastric mucosal biopsy is of no value in this context. There was no evidence of premalignant change in the histological material available but five of the patients were shown to have concomitant superficial gastritis. Subtotal gastrectomy in four of the patients was followed by a striking amelioration of abdominal pain, which was only temporary in one patient. Albumin metabolism was studied in five of the patients, four of whom had concomitant superficial gastritis. None of the patients had hypoalbuminaemia. However, the fractional catabolic rate of albumin measured with ((131)I)-albumin was shown in four of these patients to be increased, while the absolute catabolic rate was similar to that in control subjects. Similar results were obtained for albumin synthesis in three of the patients using the ((14)C)-carbonate method. In two of the patients subtotal gastrectomy was associated with a marked reduction of the fractional catabolic rate of albumin and in one, using ((125)I)-fibrinogen, with a relatively less marked reduction in the fractional catabolic rate of fibrinogen. These results indicate that abnormal albumin metabolism can be demonstrated in patients with this syndrome in spite of normal plasma albumin concentrations. The detection of the abnormal albumin metabolism can be of diagnostic value in patients with this gastric lesion. The abnormalities of albumin metabolism found are consistent with excessive loss of albumin into the stomach and the presence of superficial gastritis could have contributed to protein loss.
Familial coexistence of achalasia and non-achalasic oesophageal dysmotility: evidence for a common pathogenesis.
Authors: C J O'Brien, H L Smart
Journal: Gut (1992)

In five of seven siblings of healthy parents, dysphagia developed during adolescence or early adult life. A barium swallow was normal in one patient but showed appearances considered to be consistent with achalasia in all others. Oesophageal manometry was successfully performed in four of the five patients, including the patient with symptoms but normal radiological appearance. One patient had achalasia, two had oesophageal body motor dysfunction associated with a hypertensive, but normally relaxing lower oesophageal sphincter, and one had diffuse oesophageal spasm alone. The occurrence of three different oesophageal dysmotility disorders within members of a single sibship suggests that these conditions are intimately related and probably genetically determined as an autosomal recessive trait.
Rhinovirus upper respiratory infection increases airway hyperreactivity and late asthmatic reactions.
Authors: R F Lemanske, E C Dick, C A Swenson, R F Vrtis, W W Busse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Although viral upper respiratory infections (URIs) provoke wheezing in many asthma patients, the effect of these illnesses on the airway response to inhaled antigen is not established. The following study evaluated the effect of an experimental rhinovirus (RV) illness on airway reactivity and response to antigen in 10 adult ragweed allergic rhinitis patients. Preinfection studies included measurements of airway reactivity to histamine and ragweed antigen. Furthermore, the patients were also evaluated for late asthmatic reactions (LARs) to antigen (a 15% decrease in forced expiratory volume of the first second approximately 6 h after antigen challenge). 1 mo after baseline studies, the patients were intranasally inoculated with live RV16. All 10 patients were infected as evidenced by rhinovirus recovery in nasal washings and respiratory symptoms. Baseline FEV1 values were stable throughout the study. During the acute RV illness, there was a significant increase in airway reactivity to both histamine and ragweed antigen (P = 0.019 and 0.014, respectively). Before RV inoculation, only 1 of the 10 subjects had an LAR after antigen challenge. However, during the acute RV illness, 8 of 10 patients had an LAR (P less than 0.0085 compared with baseline); the development of LARs was independent of changes in airway reactivity and the intensity of the immediate response to antigen. Therefore, we found that not only does a RV respiratory tract illness enhance airway reactivity, but it also predisposes the allergic patient to develop LARs, which may be an important factor in virus-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Combining impulse oscillometry and multi-lead impedance pneumography for regional analysis of dynamic lung function
Authors: Javier Gracia, Ville-Pekka Seppä, Jari Viik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Studies suggest that dynamic lung mechanic properties are not homogeneously distributed within the lungs [1].

We hypothesise that pressure pulses induced at the mouth by impulse oscillometry (IOS) produce different volume responses in different lung areas depending on the regional lung mechanic properties. We developed a novel multi-lead impedance pneumography measurement method, that unlike earlier impedance methods, has sufficiently high time resolution to track IOS volume changes in multiple locations [2].

In an initial experiment, three IP signals were recorded at different levels of the thorax while IOS was being performed. Ensemble averaging of the recorded IP signal gated to IOS pulses was used to remove respiratory and cardiac impedance changes.

Results show that IOS pressure pulses can be seen in IP measurement. Furthermore, it was observed that IP signal responses showed consistent differences in shape between the three measured locations (Fig1).

We believe that, with the appropriated processing this method will allow for the first time to assess lung distribution of dynamic air-flow resistance and lung compliance, thus leading to new insights in pulmonary diseases such as asthma and COPD.

![Figure][1] 



[1] R. Pikkemaat et al. “EIT: New diagnostic possibilities using regional time constant maps”

[2] J. Gracia et al. “Multilead Measurement System for the Time-Domain Analysis of Bioimpedance Magnitude”.

 [1]: pending:yes