tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The protection of ischaemic preconditioning can be reinstated in the rabbit heart after the initial protection has waned
Authors: X.-M. Yang, S. Arnoult, A. Tsuchida, D. Cope, J. D Thornton, J F Daly, M. V Cohen, J. M Downey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: Preconditioning the heart with 5 min of ischaemia followed by reperfusion renders the myocardium resistant to infarction from subsequent ischaemia. This protection lasts for about 1 h. The aim of this study was to test whether the protection could be reinstated with a second episode of preconditioning after protection from an initial episode had worn off. Methods: To induce infarction animals experienced 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and then 3 h reperfusion. Ischaemic preconditioning was accomplished with 5 min of coronary branch occlusion. In one group of rabbits the subsequent reperfusion period was prolonged to 2 h to permit protection to wear off before the 30 min coronary occlusion was initiated. In another group a second 5 min coronary occlusion was performed at the end of the 2 h reperfusion. After 10 min of reperfusion the 30 min ischaemic period began. Control animals experienced only the 30 min ischaemia and 3 h reperfusion. Infarct volume was measured with tetrazolium and expressed as a percentage of the ischaemic zone volume. Results: Average infarct size in seven control rabbits [36.0(SEM 2.0)% of the ischaemic zone] was not significantly different from that in eight rabbits with the prolonged coronary occlusion occurring 2 h after the preconditioning stimulus [28.6(2.9)% infarction]. In contrast infarcts were significantly smaller in the re-preconditioned group of seven rabbits [8.3(4.2)%] and comparable to those previously seen with a single preconditioning stimulus followed 10 min later by the 30 min occlusion [6.1(1.8)%]. Conclusions: The rabbit heart can be protected with a second preconditioning stimulus after protection from an initial period of preconditioning has subsided. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:556-558
Increased<i>Helicobacter felis</i>colonization in male 129/Sv mice fails to suppress gastritis
Authors: Garrett Ng, Alison Every, Michael McGuckin, Philip Sutton
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Development of the pathologies associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, most seriously gastric adenocarcinoma, are a consequence of chronic inflammation, which both host and pathogen go to some lengths to minimize. Recently, we presented evidence that H. pylori can suppress the development of inflammation in its immediate microenvironment in the gastric mucosa of 129/Sv mice. We have now extended this study by showing that H. felis, a gastric colonizing Helicobacter closely related to H. pylori, does not possess the same ability to suppress Helicobacter-induced gastritis in mice. Differences between these bacterial species may provide clues as to the mechanism behind the inflammation-regulating ability of H. pylori. Moreover, our demonstration that H. pylori but not H. felis can locally suppress inflammation in vivo may explain why H. felis infection induces superior levels of gastritis as compared with H. pylori infection of mice.
Pretreatment Serum Testosterone Level as a Predictive Factor of Pathological Stage in Localized Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Takashi Imamoto, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Satoshi Fukasawa, Masaki Shimbo, Masahiko Inahara, Akira Komiya, Takeshi Ueda, Taizo Shiraishi, Tomohiko Ichikawa
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Life and Death Choices in Neonatal Care: Applying Shared Decision-Making Focused on Parental Values
Authors: Alexander A. Kon
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments This article is not subject to U.S. Copyright Law. The views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official opinion of the U.S. government, the Department of Defense, or the Department of the Navy.
Host Defense and Antimicrobial Therapy in Adult Gram-Negative Bacillary Meningitis
Authors: JAMES J. RAHAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Effective therapy for aerobic gram-negative bacillary meningitis is limited by antibiotic resistance among many pathogens and by poor diffusion of some antibiotics into the subarachnoid space. The host response to suppurative meningitis caused by all encapsulated bacteria is impaired by a deficiency of complement and opsonic activity in infected spinal fluid; consequently, therapy with bactericidal antibiotics is preferred. Chloramphenicol diffuses well into cerebrospinal fluid, but is bacteristatic against enteric gram-negative bacilli. Although aminoglycosides are bactericidal, their use requires daily intralumbar or intraventricular injections. Newer cephalosporin compounds, moxalactam and cefotaxime, are bactericidal at very low concentrations and diffuse well from serum to infected spinal fluid. Clinical trials with moxalactam suggest that it is the most effective regimen for enteric gram-negative bacillary meningitis in adults; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter meningitis are most susceptible to a combination of intravenous ticarcillin and aminoglycoside, plus intrathecal aminoglycoside.
Reduction of renal cortical blood flow assessed by doppler in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites
Authors: Roberto Rivolta, Alessandra Maggi, Massimo Cazzaniga, Daniela Castagnone, Anna Panzeri, Daniela Solenghi, Elettra Lorenzano, Filippo Quarto di Palo, Francesco Salerno
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The usefulness in cirrhotic patients of hemodynamic measurements by Doppler ultrasonography (US) is still not defined. We investigated the relationships between Doppler measurements and the severity of ascites. Portal blood flow velocity and volume, and hepatic and renal arterial resistance indexes (RI) were measured in 57 cirrhotic patients (19 without ascites, 28 with responsive ascites, and 10 with refractory ascites) and 15 healthy controls. The renal arterial RI were obtained for the main renal artery, interlobar vessels, and cortical vessels. Cirrhotic patients had decreased portal blood flow and an increased congestion index (CI). Only the CI was correlated to the severity of ascites, showing that it is also a reliable measure of the severity of portal hypertension in patients with ascites. The hepatic and renal artery RI were increased in cirrhotic patients, and the two values were correlated ( r = .68; P = .00001). The RI of renal interlobar and cortical vessels were higher in patients with refractory ascites than in patients without ascites ( P &lt; .02 and P &lt; .009), and correlated with sodium excretion rate ( r = -.45; P &lt; .003), the renin–aldosterone system, and creatinine clearance ( r = -.62; P &lt; .0002). The RI decreased from the hilum of the kidney to the outer parenchyma in healthy subjects and patients with responsive ascites, but this difference disappeared in patients with refractory ascites. This indicates that the degree of renal vasoconstriction varies in different areas according to the severity of the ascites. Cortical vessels are involved mainly in patients with refractory ascites, suggesting that the intrarenal blood flow distribution in cirrhosis tends to preserve the cortical area and that severe cortical ischemia is a feature of refractory ascites.
Medicine, Money, and Morals: Physicians' Conflicts of Interest
Authors: P Fenn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Marc A Rodwin Oxford University Press, £22, pp 411 ISBN 0–19–508096–3

You need to have a very good reason for recommending a book in which almost half the text is taken up by notes and appendices devoted to the minutiae of the of the American health care delivery system. That I am prepared to do so reflects the importance and topicality of the subject matter to a British readership. Medicine, Money, and Morals is about the financial incentives and disincentives faced by doctors in the United …
Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Chick Embryo Heart Chambers
Authors: ROBERT J. BOUCEK, WILLIAM P. MURPHY, GEORGE H. PAFF
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Electrical and mechanical events of the atrium, ventricle and conus of the 72-hour chick embryo heart were recorded by a specially designed instrument. The electrical-mechanical delay and the time of muscular contraction differed among the chambers, the atrium being the most rapid and the conus, the slowest. Muscular relaxation times of the atrium and ventricle were approximately one-half that of the conus. Mechanical performance, gaged by the approximations of work and power, was greatest for the ventricle, but based on the muscle mass (protein), values for the ventricle and conus were similar. Electrical activation of the ventricle followed a consistent pathway, suggesting the existence of a preferential conduction system prior to the development of the His bundle.
THE DICK TEST, WITH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION FOR SCARLET FEVER
Authors: H. D. LEES
Journal: JAMA (1927)

During January, February and March, 1926, scarlet fever developed in epidemic proportions among the students of the School of Agriculture the University of Minnesota. The enrolment at this school is made up largely of boys and girls of high school age, and the large majority of these come from farm homes scattered throughout the state. The average age of this group was about 17 years. These students live in dormitories on the University Farm campus, and eat in a large dining hall provided for their use. The dormitories do not provide single rooms, but two, three and four students in a room is the common arrangement. Conditions favored the spread of the disease in this group, as a result of the repeated contacts established in class rooms, in gymnasium and drill classes, at meal times, and in visiting one another in the dormitories after school hours. The most important factor
Association Between Admission Temperature and Mortality and Major Morbidity in Preterm Infants Born at Fewer Than 33 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: Yanyu Lyu, Prakesh S. Shah, Xiang Y. Ye, Ruth Warre, Bruno Piedboeuf, Akhil Deshpandey, Michael Dunn, Shoo K. Lee
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Neonatal hypothermia has been associated with higher mortality and morbidity; therefore, thermal control following delivery is an essential part of neonatal care. Identifying the ideal body temperature in preterm neonates in the first few hours of life may be helpful to reduce the risk for adverse outcomes. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine the association between admission temperature and neonatal outcomes and estimate the admission temperature associated with lowest rates of adverse outcomes in preterm infants born at fewer than 33 weeks' gestation. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective observational study at 29 neonatal intensive care units in the Canadian Neonatal Network. Participants included 9833 inborn infants born at fewer than 33 weeks' gestation who were admitted between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012. <h3>Exposure</h3> Axillary or rectal body temperature recorded at admission. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was a composite adverse outcome defined as mortality or any of the following: severe neurological injury, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or nosocomial infection. The relationships between admission temperature and the composite outcome as well as between admission temperature and the components of the composite outcome were evaluated using multivariable analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Admission temperatures of the 9833 neonates were distributed as follows: lower than 34.5°C (1%); 34.5°C to 34.9°C (1%); 35.0°C to 35.4°C (3%); 35.5°C to 35.9°C (7%); 36.0°C to 36.4°C (24%); 36.5°C to 36.9°C (38%); 37.0°C to 37.4°C (19%); 37.5°C to 37.9°C (5%); and 38.0°C or higher (2%). After adjustment for maternal and infant characteristics, the rates of the composite outcome, severe neurological injury, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and nosocomial infection had a U-shaped relationship with admission temperature (α &gt; 0 [<i>P</i> &lt; .05]). The admission temperature at which the rate of the composite outcome was lowest was 36.8°C (95% CI, 36.7°C-37.0°C). Rates of severe neurological injury, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis (95% CI, 36.3°C-36.7°C), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and nosocomial infection (95% CI, 36.9°C-37.3°C) were lowest at admission temperatures ranging from 36.5°C to 37.2°C. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The relationship between admission temperature and adverse neonatal outcomes was U-shaped. The lowest rates of adverse outcomes were associated with admission temperatures between 36.5°C and 37.2°C.
Radiant Cool: A Novel Theory of Consciousness
Authors: J. Panksepp
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE ECONOMIC ADVISABILITY OF INAUGURATING A NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
Authors: J. PEASE NORTON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

This is an age of progress, intellectual, social and, above all, material—of progress so colossal that the eternal forces of Nature are gradually abandoning the long fight and one by one surrendering to the mind and hand of man. But with all that has been wrought there yet remain broad gaps in our organization which, if left unheeded, may blight the civilization itself. In the present paper an attempt is made to point out what may be regarded as the most serious hiatus in our social system and to consider a possible remedy based on more efficient organization. Societies, like skillful capitalists, should strive to invest their revenues so as to yield maximum returns. When returns are direct and may be charged for, experience has shown that the management in many cases may be judiciously entrusted to private individuals. When social investments produce conditions rather than commodities, indirect services impossible
Are non-abstract brain representations of number developmentally plausible?
Authors: Daniel Ansari
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract The theory put forward by Cohen Kadosh &amp; Walsh (CK&amp;W) proposing that semantic representations of numerical magnitude in the parietal cortex are format-specific, does not specify how these representations might be constructed over the course of learning and development. The developmental predictions of the non-abstract theory are discussed and the need for a developmental perspective on the abstract versus non-abstract question highlighted.
Abstract B64: Alternagin-C, an α2β1 integrin-binding disintegrin-like protein, induces distinct cell responses in fibroblasts, tumor breast and endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Lívia Mara Santosa, Tamires de Castro Vieira, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araújo
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Reciprocal interactions between tumor, stromal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are considered crucial steps for tumor development and progression. Both tumor and stromal cells secrete metalloproteases (MMPs) that modify the tumor microenvironment by degrading the ECM and releasing growth factors that may induce tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. MMPs activation is stimulated by co-activation of integrins, major cell-surface adhesion receptors. Disintegrins are strong integrin inhibitors found in snake venoms and used as prototypes for angiogenesis inhibitors. Alternagin-C (Alt-C), a disintegrin-like, Cys-rich protein isolated from Bothrops alternatus snake venom, has strong affinity for α2β1 integrin. ALT-C inhibited adhesion to collagen I of a variety of tumor cell lines, and in low concentrations, it induces VEGF expression and angiogenesis in an in vivo matrigel model. However, its mechanism of action was not very clear and it seems to depend on the cell type. Here, we show that ALT-C inhibited MMP-9 activity and mRNA expression in human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and MMP-2 activity in human micro vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) conditioned media from monocultures. ALT-C also increased the expression of angiogenic genes such as VEGF-A in fibroblasts and tumor cells but not in HMEC-1. However, ALT-C upregulated c-MYC mRNA expression only in tumor cells. ALT-C (10, 40, 100 and 1000 nM) also inhibited transendothelial migration of MDA-MB-231 cells through a monolayer of HMEC-1. In conclusion, these results suggest that α2β1 integrin binding by ALT-C may induce distinct effects in different cell lines by modulating MMP activity and stimulating the expression of angiogenic factors that influence tumor progression. These results may be very useful for medical and biotechnological applications in the development of anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic therapies. Support: FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES (Brazil) Citation Format: Lívia Mara Santosa, Tamires de Castro Vieira, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araújo. Alternagin-C, an α2β1 integrin-binding disintegrin-like protein, induces distinct cell responses in fibroblasts, tumor breast and endothelial cells in vitro. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B64. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B64
Doctors and Slaves: A Medical and Demographic History of Slavery in the British West Indies, 1680-1834
Authors: Stephen R. Ell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This is a severely flawed work. It represents considerable scholarly effort, the author having consulted primary sources in several countries and reviewed an extensive body of secondary works on the topic, but research needs good writing to back it up. The book fails because the work lacks a unifying theme, because the author seems uncomfortable with certain types of evidence (mainly medical), and because his literary style is ponderous. The author's stated purpose is to investigate those facets of slave life affecting health (p xv). These include "culture shock, diet, work loads, punishment, housing, clothing, sanitation, and occupational hazards." This initial sentence, with its peculiar parallel construction (surely, "work loads" and "occupational hazards" ought to come nearer one another) and the use of an essentially slang expression like "culture shock" in a scholarly work, is no accident. The entire book sets out practically randomly ordered essays on topics as diverse
Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Diane Altkorn
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The absence of CD56 (NCAM) on malignant plasma cells is a hallmark of plasma cell leukemia and of a special subset of multiple myeloma
Authors: C Pellat-Deceunynck, S Barillé, G Jego, D Puthier, N Robillard, D Pineau, M-J Rapp, J-L Harousseau, M Amiot, R Bataille
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Glomerular expression of p27Kip1 in diabetic db/db mouse: Role of hyperglycemia
Authors: Gunter Wolf, Regine Schroeder, Friedrich Thaiss, Fuad N. Ziyadeh, Udo Helmchen, Rolf A.K. Stahl
Journal: Kidney International (1998)

Early diabetic nephropathy is characterized by glomerular hypertrophy. Previous studies in vitro have demonstrated that mesangial cells exposed to high glucose are arrested in the G1-phase of the cell cycle and express increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. The present study was performed to investigate the renal expression of p27Kip1 in db/db mice, a model of diabetes mellitus type II. Glomerular p27Kip1 protein, but not mRNA expression, was strongly enhanced in diabetic db/db mice compared with non-diabetic db/+ littermates. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that this stimulated expression was mainly restricted to the nuclei of mesangial cells and podocytes, but glomerular endothelial cells occasionally also stained positively. Quantification of p27Kip1 positive glomerular cells showed a significant increase of these cells in db/db mice compared with non-diabetic db/+ animals. Although tubular cells revealed a positive staining for p27Kip1 protein, there was no difference between db/+ and db/db mice. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that p27Kip1 protein associates with Cdk2 and Cdk4, but not with Cdk6. To test for the influence of hyperglycemia on cell cycle arrest and p27Kip1 expression, mesangial cells were isolated from db/+ and db/db mice. There was a similar basal proliferation when these cells were grown in normal glucose-containing medium (100 mg/dl). However, raising the glucose concentration to 275 to 450 mg/dl induced cell cycle arrest in db/+ as well as db/db mesangial cells. Increasing the medium osmolarity with D-mannitol failed to induce p27Kip1 expression in mesangial cells. Transfection of cells with p27Kip1 antisense, but not missense, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides facilitated cell cycle progression equally well in db/+ and db/db mesangial cells. Furthermore, p27Kip1 expression was comparable in both cell lines in normal glucose, but increased in high glucose medium. Our studies demonstrate that p27Kip1 expression is enhanced in diabetic db/db animals. This induction appears to be due to hyperglycemia. Expression of p27Kip1 may be important in cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy of mesangial cells during early diabetic nephropathy.