tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Secretoglobin 3A2 in Lung Development
Authors: Reiko Kurotani, Takeshi Tomita, Qian Yang, Bradley A. Carlson, Chi Chen, Shioko Kimura
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Secretoglobin 3A2 (SCGB3A2) was originally identified as a downstream target in lung for the homeodomain transcription factor NKX2-1, whose null mutation resulted in severely hypoplastic lungs. A very low level of SCGB3A2 is expressed in lungs at Embryonic Day (E) 11.5 during mouse development, which markedly increases by E16.5, the time when lung undergoes dramatic morphologic changes, suggesting that SCGB3A2 may be involved in lung development in addition to a known role in lung inflammation.To determine whether SCGB3A2 plays a role in lung development.To assess a potential role for SCGB3A2 during early lung development, wild-type and Nkx2-1-null fetal lungs of early developmental stages were subjected to ex vivo organ culture in the presence of SCGB3A2. Nkx2-1-null fetuses were exposed to SCGB3A2 during early organogenesis period through intravenous administration of this protein to Nkx2-1-heterozygous pregnant females carrying these null fetuses. Cultured lungs and fetal lungs were subjected to histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. To assess a role for SCGB3A2 in late lung development, SCGB3A2 was administered to pregnant wild-type females during mid- to late organogenesis stages, and the preterm pups and/or their lungs were evaluated for extent of maturity using breathing motion, gross morphology and histology of lungs, expression of gestational stage-specific genes, and phospholipid profiles.SCGB3A2 significantly promoted both early and late stages of lung development.SCGB3A2 is a novel growth factor in lung.
Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment
Authors: Edward C. Rosenow
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In recent times, there has been much comment and discussion on guaranteeing to all patients the best quality of health care. Some enthusiasts believe all that is necessary is that physicians and other allied health professionals be required to attend a prescribed number of hours of medical meetings, postgraduate courses, or other activities in continuing education. However, no one seriously contends that such requirements assure clinical competence. No credit is given for reading journals or textbooks, listening to audio tapes, or viewing movies or television tapes. There are also those who believe strongly that relicensure and recertification must be required. In this time of manpower shortage, it is difficult to believe that any physician would be deprived of his right to take care of sick patients. The important matter is that physicians be well informed on recent medical advances. Most physicians are conscientious and dedicated to the best interests of
POPULAR HEALTH EDUCATION
Authors: Max Millman
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  Driven by a constant bombardment of ridiculous references by patients to library books, I undertook to investigate the popular medical volumes on the shelves at the Springfield Public Library.  result of the investigation was astounding. Most of the books were either so antiquated as to beg retirement or else bore such ignorant, preposterous or downright quack authorship as to make one exclaim with horror.  biggest shock, however, came when in response to a call for assistance, one of the librarians suggested the late Alfred McCann's The Science of Eating as a very good book on diets. That McCann (seeThe Journal, June 20, 1925, and March 15, 1930) should have created such a piece of quackery is only natural, but that a city library would circularize and even recommend it to its citizenry was rather hard to understand.  An effort to present this unsatisfactory state
Studies on magnesium's mechanism of action in digitalis-induced arrhythmias.
Authors: M J Specter, E Schweizer, R H Goldman
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The mechanism by which magnesium affects digitalis-induced arrhythmias was studied in dogs with and without beta-receptor blockade. Digoxin was infused at a rate of 2.5mug/kg/min until ventricular tachycardia developed, then half the animals were given MgSO4, the other half saline. In animals given MgSO4, sinus rhythm was immediately re-established; in animals given saline, ventricular tachycardia persisted. In animals with beta-receptor blockade, MgSO4 was as effective in abolishing ventricular tachycardia as in those without beta-receptor blockade. We found no evidence that magnesium re-activated digoxin-inhibited (Na+, K+)-ATPase, altered myocardial or microsomal digoxin binding, or acted via the autonomic nervous system. Magnesium's direct effect on calcium and potassium fluxes across the myocardial cell membrane may be the mechanism of its antiarrhythmic action in digitalis-toxic arrhythmias.
P805 NON-INVASIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF POST-TRANSPLANT FATTY LIVER DISEASE REVEALS HIGH PREVALENCE OF GRAFT INJURY IN ASSOCIATION WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME, RECIPIENT PNPLA3 GENOTYPE AND ALCOHOLIC LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: T. Karlas, J. Kollmeier, S. Böhm, J. Müller, M. Tröltzsch, A. Weimann, M. Bartels, J. Rosendahl, J. Mössner, T. Berg, V. Keim, J. Wiegand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Plasmaleukapheresis halts graft rejection
Authors: Elizabeth Pease
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In 1977, C. J. Cardella and co-workers at the University of Toronto, Canada, reported the use of plasmapheresis in successfully reversing seven renal allograft rejection episodes. In 1979, Jeffrey Kurland, MD, and colleagues at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles documented that plasmalymphocytapheresis, a procedure combining plasma exchange and lymphocyte removal, reversed a rejection episode in a patient who had received a kidney from an HLA-identical donor. Recently, at the annual meeting of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons in Chicago, G. Baird Helfrich, MD, director of the Division of Renal Transplantation in the Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, presented preliminary data indicating that plasmaleukapheresis (PLP) may help in reversing steroidresistant renal allograft rejection crises. Although having slightly different names, both PLP and plasmalymphocytapheresis denote the same process of exchanging plasma and removing lymphocytes from the peripheral blood. "We recommend that people consider PLP as a
PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS AMONG L POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS OF BENCE-JONES PROTEINS AND HUMAN γ-GLOBULINS
Authors: J. A. Gally, G. M. Edelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The L polypeptide chains of certain Bence-Jones proteins of group I have been found in three forms: monomers of molecular weight of about 20,000, dimers which monomerize in dissociating solvents, and dimers which are stable in such solvents. The L polypeptide chains of some Bence-Jones proteins of group II were found to occur naturally only as stable dimers. The L chains of normal human γ-globulin have been obtained in a reduced unalkylated form, and a fraction of these chains was found to form stable dimers under oxidizing conditions. It is suggested that a single disulfide bond is involved in stabilization of the dimer. In experiments on the reconstitution of 7S γ-globulin, it was found that stable dimers of L polypeptide chains did not associate appreciably with Hγ chains to form a soluble product. L chains in the monomeric form, both of a reduced alkylated Bence-Jones protein and of reduced unalkylated γ-globulin, combined with Hγ chains to form a 7S product. After hydrolysis with papain, the 7S material containing the Bence-Jones L chains yielded fragments comparable to the fragments of papain-treated myeloma proteins. As indicated by spectrofluorometric measurements, dissociable dimers and stable dimers of the L chains of a Bence-Jones protein both underwent identical thermally induced transitions in the temperature range 48–58°C. When L polypeptide chains were present in reduced alkylated γ-globulin or reduced alkylated S fragments, no transition occurred until 65°C, the coagulation temperature of γ-globulin and S fragments. Above this temperature, L chains were released into solution. These experiments suggested that free L chains and L chains bound to Hγ chains have different conformational stabilities.
B4 androgen ablation: attacking the prostate cancer stem cell
Authors: Max S. Wicha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

There is increasing evidence that prostate cancers in rodent models and in men contain a cellular subpopulation that displays stem cell properties. These prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) lack androgen receptor expression and are increased in castration-resistant disease. In this issue of the JCI, a study from Yoshioka et al. demonstrates that PCSCs are regulated by a pathway in which α6β4 integrin amplifies signaling through ErbB2 and c-Met receptors. Targeting this pathway provides a novel therapeutic strategy for hormone refractory prostate cancer.
HEMOPOIETIC SPLEEN COLONY STUDIES
Authors: J. L. Curry, J. J. Trentin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The effects of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were studied in irradiated mice to see if a definite myeloproliferative effect could be demonstrated in vivo. The data obtained suggested the following conclusions. PHA treatment of the bone marrow donor only, causes a consistent but slight reduction in transplantable spleen colony-forming unit (CFU) content of the bone marrow 24 hr after the last PHA injection, but no change was found in the proportion of the various colony types. PHA treatment of the irradiated recipient of normal bone marrow causes no change in the number of spleen colonies. However, 8-day colonies are only about half normal size, are much more likely to be of mixed cell types, contain many large undifferentiated blastoid cells, but fewer transplantable CFU. The spleen sinusoids are packed with hemopoietic cells. Spleen colonies developing in hosts receiving daily injections of PHA show, in addition to the usual spectrum of cell types, a high proportion of unusual blastoid cells resembling the PHA transformed peripheral lymphocytes seen in vitro. The function of these cells is not known, but they may represent augmented proliferation and/or transformation of stem cells. PHA administered after irradiation significantly increased the number of endogenous spleen colonies, and, at certain doses of irradiation, improved postirradiation survival. PHA administered before irradiation had no effect on the number of endogenous spleen colonies formed, or on postirradiation survival. On the basis of these and other data, possible modes of action of PHA are discussed.
Dose requirements and hemodynamic effects of transdermal nitroglycerin compared with placebo in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: R A Jordan, L Seith, D A Henry, M M Wilen, J A Franciosa
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The dose requirements and duration of effect of transdermal nitroglycerin in patients with heart failure are not clearly established. In a first series of eight patients with chronic heart failure we gave transdermal nitroglycerin in incremental doses until pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell at least 30% within 4 hr in three consecutive patients. Thus we found that a single dose of 60 mg/24 hr (120 cm2) was the minimal effective dose. Transdermal nitroglycerin or placebo was then given as a single application of 60 mg/24 hr in random double-blind fashion to 15 additional patients with heart failure (eight received transdermal nitroglycerin and seven received placebo), and hemodynamics were monitored for up to 24 hr. After administration of transdermal nitroglycerin, the control pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 22 +/- 7 mm Hg fell by 6 +/- 6 mm Hg at 2 hr (p less than .05) and reached maximal reduction of 8 +/- 6 mm Hg (p less than .01) at 4 hr. The reduction in wedge pressure remained significant through 12 hr but was no longer statistically significant by 18 hr after administration of the drug. Transdermal nitroglycerin also significantly reduced pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures as well as pulmonary vascular resistance from 4 through 12 hr but did not affect systemic hemodynamics. No significant hemodynamic changes occurred after administration of placebo. Thus transdermal nitroglycerin is an effective vasodilator in patients with heart failure, but a dose of at least 60 mg/24 hr is needed. Even with this dose, hemodynamic effects do not last beyond 18 hr, suggesting altered absorption or development of tolerance.
The Enchanted Ring: The Untold Story of Penicillin
Authors: Harold C. Neu
Journal: JAMA (1982)

I picked up this short volume by John Sheehan with great anticipation, since I had been well aware of his contributions to our understanding of the penicillin molecule. I confess to mixed feelings after finishing it.  The book provided me with many new insights into the important role that the United States played in the development of penicillin. Too often we have been led to believe that Americans were only involved in the penicillin work by accident as a result of World War II. I was particularly gratified to read about penicillin work here at Columbia University in 1940 by Drs Meyer, Hobby, and Dawson. The book shows how workers believed they had the answer to the structure of the compound, only to have their structures shown to be in error. The role of Sir Alexander Fleming in the penicillin discovery is recounted with a balanced view that lies between
Artificial Hearts, Fractured Valves, and Other Problems With Medical Devices-Reply
Authors: William S. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the thoughtful letter by scientists with expertise in medicine and material science. They make interesting points.  Our group has also experienced occasional valve strut fractures (and Pyrolite carbon-disk fractures) in spherical-disk Bjork-Shiley valves having a weld at the major strut (the valve that fractured in Dr Clark's pump was a spherical-disk valve of this type). For a number of years, Shiley Laboratories has manufactured the 60° convexoconcave valve in which the major strut is an integral part of the valve housing, ie, no major strut weld is present. Using this housing and an acetal (Delrin) disk, our group has never encountered a valve failure in extensive bench testing or in animal studies. The Food and Drug Administration had no role in our observing the early valve fractures or in our solving the valve fracture problem.  The relative advantages of the Medtronic-Hall
Prospects for the National Health Service
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

AT no time since its introduction nearly 40 years ago has the state of Great Britain's National Health Service (NHS) been a matter of such public concern. Throughout the life of the last Parliament, there was increasing concern about the level of funding available for the NHS, and it was inevitable that this would be a major issue during the 1987 general election campaign. Furthermore, opinion polls,1 which had previously indicated general satisfaction with the NHS, were beginning to show that the electorate was becoming much less satisfied and was ranking the health service as an issue of such importance . . .
Paul Dudley White: The Porpoise Heart vs the Athletic Heart
Authors: Thomas W. Mattingly
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The recent studies on the athletic heart, utilizing modern, noninvasive techniques and sophisticated equipment, as published in this issue (p 158) and elsewhere,1provide additional evidence that the altered cardiovascular findings in such athletes represent physiological rather than pathological changes. The finding in these two studies would have delighted the late Paul Dudley White, the great champion of marathon runners and an early proponent of the concept that the cardiac and circulatory changes that he observed in these runners and other athletes by simple clinical observations were physiological and not pathological.  As early as 1917,2White observed the pulse rates of the contenders in the Boston marathon races, both at the beginning and at the end of the races. He was surprised that some had rates above 100 beats per minute at the beginning of the race but properly concluded that such tachycardia was the result of anxiety
Increased intimal-medial thickness in newly detected type 2 diabetes: risk factors.
Authors: T S Temelkova-Kurktschiev, C Koehler, W Leonhardt, F Schaper, E Henkel, G Siegert, M Hanefeld
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To examine carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and its determinants in newly detected type 2 diabetic subjects, classified according to the new criteria of the American Diabetes Association, in comparison with age- and sex-matched control subjects with normal glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was case-controlled, with matched pairs for 71 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic individuals. Subjects aged 40-70 years were recruited from a risk population for diabetes seen in the Risk Factors in IGT for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) Study. Standard risk factors, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test with real insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide, and ultrasound measurement of the IMT of the common carotid artery were performed. RESULTS: The diabetic subjects, both men and women, displayed carotid intimal-medial thickening, even in the subgroup with fasting plasma glucose between 7.0 and 7.8 mmol/l. HbA1c was significantly increased in the diabetic patients (6.33 vs. 5.48%). Insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide were also significantly higher. Among the coronary risk factors, triglycerides and plasminogen activator inhibitor were significantly increased. After age and sex adjustment. IMT in the diabetic group was correlated to triglycerides and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio. In the total group, IMT was significantly correlated to blood pressure, 2-h glucose in oral glucose tolerance testing, triglycerides, albuminuria, and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, and inversely correlated to HDL cholesterol. No independent determinant of IMT was found in the diabetic group by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Newly detected type 2 diabetic patients exhibit a higher degree of early atherosclerosis than normal glucose-tolerant subjects matched for age and sex. Our data suggest that hyperglycemia, together with a clustering of risk factors, and in particular dyslipidemia, may cause intimal-medial thickening in the early phases of diabetes.
Drug Addiction Among Physicians
Authors: Joseph I. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Drug Addiction Among Physicians" (236:1372, 1976) describes 46 physicians in Virginia who had come to the attention of the state board of medicine from 1949 to 1974. The authors indicate that this number of physicians is probably "the tip of the iceberg." If the problem of physician addiction approaches that cited in that article as well as in proceedings recently published by the AMA on the disabled physician,<sup>1</sup>then one might properly wonder and worry about the rest of that iceberg and its implications for the health of the several thousand Americans receiving care from these addicted physicians. The Drug Committee of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, in dealing with physicians having problems with poor prescribing of controlled drug substances or personal addiction from 1970 to 1974, worked with only seven physicians in the addicted group out of a total state
Sickle cell anemia, right atrial thrombosis, and the antiphospholipid antibody
Authors: T. Yeghen, S. Benjamin, O. Boyd, C. Pumphrey, D. H. Bevan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract We report a patient with sickle cell anemia (homozygous Hb SS) and typical features of sickle chest syndrome but with no response to exchange transfusion. A right atrial thrombus was found, and antiphospholipid antibodies were detected in his blood. He responded to thrombolytic therapy. The relationship between right atrial thrombus and massive pulmonary embolus, and the implications of an additional thrombophilic state in sickle cell disease are discussed.
Folate Status Throughout Pregnancy and in Postpartum Period
Authors: M. L. N. Willoughby, F. G. Jewell
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The serial trends of the whole blood folate level in two groups of patients have been followed throughout pregnancy and up to six weeks postpartum. In those receiving iron alone the whole blood folate remained normal until the test at six weeks after delivery, at which time over half were in the deficient range. There appears to be a delay before this test reflects the current folate status when this changes rapidly. In those receiving iron plus 330 μg. of folic acid a day the results at this time were close to those at the beginning of pregnancy. Subnormal whole blood folate, red cell folate, and serum folate values occurred close to term in patients receiving iron alone, but were not found in those also receiving folic acid. Megaloblastic changes occurred at term in three patients receiving iron alone in whom the whole blood folate had repeatedly been low in early pregnancy. The observations are consistent with the previous suggestion that 300 μg. of folic acid daily is a suitable supplement to prevent deficiency in late pregnancy and the puerperium.
Staphylococcus aureus recognition by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via TLR2/MyD88/PGE2 stimulates granulopoiesis in wounds
Authors: Jennifer L. Granick, Patrick C. Falahee, Delsheen Dahmubed, Dori L. Borjesson, Lloyd S. Miller, Scott I. Simon
Journal: Blood (2013)
Gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion increases remission from type 2 diabetes in obese adults
Authors: Suma Pokala
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source CitationMingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, et al. Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1577-85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22449317/AbstractClinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology:
JAK2 or CALR mutation status defines subtypes of essential thrombocythemia with substantially different clinical course and outcomes
Authors: Elisa Rumi, Daniela Pietra, Virginia Ferretti, Thorsten Klampfl, Ashot S. Harutyunyan, Jelena D. Milosevic, Nicole C. C. Them, Tiina Berg, Chiara Elena, Ilaria C. Casetti, Chiara Milanesi, Emanuela Sant’Antonio, Marta Bellini, Elena Fugazza, Maria C. Renna, Emanuela Boveri, Cesare Astori, Cristiana Pascutto, Robert Kralovics, Mario Cazzola
Journal: Blood (2013)