tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intraperitoneal recombinant interferon gamma in ovarian cancer patients with residual disease at second-look laparotomy.
Authors: E Pujade-Lauraine, J P Guastalla, N Colombo, P Devillier, E François, P Fumoleau, A Monnier, M Nooy, L Mignot, R Bugat, C Marques, M Mousseau, G Netter, F Maloisel, S Larbaoui, M Brandely
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of recombinant human interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) as second-line treatment in patients with persistent disease at second-look laparotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred eight patients with residual disease at second-look laparotomy were treated with rIFN-gamma (20 x 10(6) IU/m2) administered intraperitoneally (IP) twice a week for 3 to 4 months. In the absence of clinically assessable disease, response to rIFN-gamma was assessed with a third-look laparotomy. RESULTS Of 98 assessable patients, 31 (32%) achieved a surgically documented response, including 23 patients (23%) with a complete response (CR). The age and size of residual tumor were significant prognostic factors for the response to rIFN-gamma. A 41% CR rate was observed in 41 patients younger than 60 years and with residual tumor less than 2 cm. The probability of response was independent of previous response to first-line chemotherapy. The median duration of response was 20 months and the 3-year survival rate in responders was 62%. Response to rIFN-gamma was the most significant prognostic factor for survival of patients with residual disease. Adverse events included fever, flu-like syndrome, neutropenia, and liver enzyme disturbances. No significant peritoneal fibrosis was noted. CONCLUSION These results support the potential interest of IP rIFN-gamma as adjuvant treatment in ovarian cancer. Controlled prospective trials are required to determine its place in the therapeutic strategy of this malignancy.
Poorly Cited Articles in Peer-Reviewed Cardiovascular Journals from 1997 to 2007
Authors: Isuru Ranasinghe, Abbas Shojaee, Behnood Bikdeli, Aakriti Gupta, Ruijun Chen, Joseph S. Ross, Frederick A. Masoudi, John A. Spertus, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The extent to which articles are cited is a surrogate of the impact and importance of the research conducted; poorly cited articles may identify research of limited use and potential wasted investments. We assessed trends in the rates of poorly cited articles and journals in the cardiovascular literature from 1997 to 2007.
Long-Term Remission After Multiple Relapses in an Elderly Patient With Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis After Rituximab and High-Dose Cytarabine Chemotherapy Without Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tomohiro Aoki, Yasuhiko Harada, Erina Matsubara, Takanobu Morishita, Tatsuya Suzuki, Masanobu Kasai, Toshiki Uchida, Toyonori Tsuzuki, Shigeo Nakamura, Michinori Ogura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Identification and Management of Diabetic Nephropathy in the Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Kathrine J. Craig, Kieron Donovan, Margaret Munnery, David R. Owens, John D. Williams, Aled O. Phillips
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To examine the prevalence and management of diabetic nephropathy in a diabetes clinic.Characteristics of nephropaths identified by existing screening practice (phase I, albuminuria >20 mg/l in three separate urine samples), were compared with those identified by a nurse-led management program (phase II, in which screening for nephropathy was based on albumin-to-creatinine ratio in a single random urine specimen).In phase I, 644 patients attended a diabetes clinic over a 6-month period. Microalbuminuria results were available for 485 patients (75%). A total of 115 patients were identified as nephropaths (prevalence 17.8%). Of these patients, 91% had type 2 diabetes. During phase II, prospective analysis of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was carried out in 880 patients over 8 months. A total of 174 patients were identified as nephropaths (prevalence 20%). Of these, 134 patients had been identified by existing screening protocols. Forty had no previous record of microalbuminuria and were therefore newly identified by prospective screening. Systolic blood pressure guidelines were met in only 31% of all known nephropaths and 26.5% of newly diagnosed nephropaths. Diastolic blood pressure guidelines were met in 36% of all known and 38% of newly diagnosed nephropaths. In the patient group of known nephropaths from phases I and II, 62% were prescribed ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor (AIIR) antagonists. In the newly identified nephropathy patient cohort from phase II, 48% used ACEIs or AIIR antagonists.Introduction of a nurse-led management program significantly improved detection of nephropathy. We are currently evaluating its impact on clinical management.
Experiences of well-being when living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Caroline Stridsman, Karin Zingmark, Anne Lindberg, Lisa Skär
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is related to a complex life situation, and quality of life (QOL) is shown to decrease due to respiratory symptoms and fatigue. However, studies describing well-being in COPD, as the subjective description of QOL are rare.  Aim: To describe experiences of well-being among people living with COPD.  Methods: In the years of 2012-2013, ten participants with moderate to very severe COPD, from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) study were interviewed about their experience of well-being. A qualitative latent content analysis was used to analyse data.  Results: To achieve well-being, the participants had to adapt to their limitations and live forward. They created a balance between breathing and viability by adjusting to a lifelong limitation, handling variations in illness, relying on self-capacity and accessibility to a trustful care. They adjusted to lifelong limitations through acceptance and replacement of former activities. The participants handled variations in illness by taking advantage of the good days and using emotional adaption strategies worse days. They relied on their own self-capacity, feeling that smoking cessation, physical activity and breathing fresh air increased their well-being. They requested accessibility to a trustful care and highlighted the need for continuous care relationships and access to medications.  Conclusion: Knowledge of the patient9s personal experiences is important for healthcare professionals when performing person-centred care. These results can enhance healthcare professionals9 understanding of factors important for increased well-being among people living with COPD.
Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Active Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review of 13 Observational Studies
Authors: Christie Y Jeon, Megan B Murray
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Several studies have suggested that diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of active tuberculosis (TB). The rising prevalence of DM in TB-endemic areas may adversely affect TB control. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association of DM and TB in order to summarize the existing evidence and to assess methodological quality of the studies.We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify observational studies that had reported an age-adjusted quantitative estimate of the association between DM and active TB disease. The search yielded 13 observational studies (n = 1,786,212 participants) with 17,698 TB cases. Random effects meta-analysis of cohort studies showed that DM was associated with an increased risk of TB (relative risk = 3.11, 95% CI 2.27-4.26). Case-control studies were heterogeneous and odds ratios ranged from 1.16 to 7.83. Subgroup analyses showed that effect estimates were higher in non-North American studies.DM was associated with an increased risk of TB regardless of study design and population. People with DM may be important targets for interventions such as active case finding and treatment of latent TB and efforts to diagnose, detect, and treat DM may have a beneficial impact on TB control.
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Create a Permissive Microenvironment for Myeloma Development: A New Stromal Role for Wnt Inhibitor Dkk1
Authors: Jessica A. Fowler, Gregory R. Mundy, Seint T. Lwin, Claire M. Edwards
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The rapid progression of multiple myeloma is dependent upon cellular interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment. In vitro studies suggest that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) can promote myeloma growth and survival and osteolytic bone disease. However, it is not possible to recreate all cellular aspects of the bone marrow microenvironment in an in vitro system, and the contributions of BMSCs to myeloma pathogenesis in an intact, immune competent, in vivo system are unknown. To investigate this, we used a murine myeloma model that replicates many features of the human disease. Coinoculation of myeloma cells and a BMSC line, isolated from myeloma-permissive mice, into otherwise nonpermissive mice resulted in myeloma development, associated with tumor growth within bone marrow and osteolytic bone disease. In contrast, inoculation of myeloma cells alone did not result in myeloma. BMSCs inoculated alone induced osteoblast suppression, associated with an increase in serum concentrations of the Wnt signaling inhibitor, Dkk1. Dkk1 was highly expressed in BMSCs and in myeloma-permissive bone marrow. Knockdown of Dkk1 expression in BMSCs decreased their ability to promote myeloma and the associated bone disease in mice. Collectively, our results show novel roles of BMSCs and BMSC-derived Dkk1 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma in vivo. Cancer Res; 72(9); 2183–9. ©2012 AACR.
A Mathematical Model of Dilution Curves for Flow Study
Authors: F. S. GOTT, T. W. MOIR, W. J. MACINTYRE, W. H. PRITCHARD
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The graphical method of estimating cardiac output and central circulating blood volume is reviewed. An electronic-integration modification is described for fast, accurate cardiacoutput estimation. A mathematical representation of biphasic dilution curves is developed and, based on this analysis, formulas are proposed for determination of cardiac output and central circulating blood volume. Clinical application of this determination method is shown, and its advantages are discussed.
Aging of Arteries in Relation to Hypertension
Authors: JAMES CONWAY, K. SHIRLEY SMITH
Journal: Circulation (1957)

With a new clinical test for the assessment of the elastic quality of the arterial reservoir, evidence has been obtained suggesting that essential hypertension can be separated into 2 distinct clinical types. In one group the elevation of pressure appears to be the consequence of physiologic aging of arteries and in the other hypertension is imposed upon a normal elastic arterial system. Patients in the elastic group were younger and had a more severe type of hypertension than those in the inelastic group.
Cycling to work in London and inhaled dose of black carbon
Authors: Chinedu Nwokoro, Clare Ewin, Clare Harrison, Mubin Ibrahim, Isobel Dundas, Iain Dickson, Naseem Mushtaq, Jonathan Grigg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Modelling studies suggest that urban cycling is associated with an increased inhaled dose of fossil fuel-derived black carbon (BC). Using the amount of black material in airway macrophages as a marker of long-term inhaled BC, we sought to compare inhaled BC dose in London (UK) cyclists and non-cyclists. Airway macrophage carbon was assessed in 28 (58%) out of 48 healthy adults (14 cyclists and 14 non-cyclists) who attended for induced sputum. Short-term (24 h) exposure to BC was assessed on a representative working day in 27 out of 28 subjects. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were assessed in 26 out of the 28 subjects. Cyclists were found to have increased airway macrophage carbon when compared with non-cyclists (mean ± se 1.81 ± 0.21 versus 1.11 ± 0.07 μm(2); p<0.01). Short-term monitoring showed no difference in 24 h BC exposure between the two groups. However, cyclists were exposed to higher concentrations of BC during commuting (p<0.01). Airway macrophage carbon was associated with monitored commute BC (n=28; r=0.47, p<0.05). TNF-α was found to be increased in cyclists (p<0.05), but no other cytokines were increased. Commuting to work by bicycle in London is associated with increased long-term inhaled dose of BC. Whether cycling per se increases inhaled BC dose remains unclear.
Breastfeeding: A Potential Excretion Route for Mothers and Implications for Infant Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Acids
Authors: Debapriya Mondal, Rosana Hernandez Weldon, Ben G. Armstrong, Lorna J. Gibson, Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa, Hyeong-Moo Shin, Tony Fletcher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: The presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in breast milk has been documented, but their lactational transfer has been rarely studied. Determination of the elimination rates of these chemicals during breastfeeding is important and critical for assessing exposure in mothers and infants.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between breastfeeding and maternal serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS). For a subset of the population, for whom we also have their infants’ measurements, we investigated associations of breastfeeding with infant serum PFAA concentrations.Methods: The present analysis included 633 women from the C8 Science Panel Study who had a child &lt; 3.5 years of age and who provided blood samples and reported detailed information on breastfeeding at the time of survey. PFAA serum concentrations were available for all mothers and 8% (n = 49) of the infants. Maternal and infant serum concentrations were regressed on duration of breastfeeding.Results: Each month of breastfeeding was associated with lower maternal serum concentrations of PFOA (–3%; 95% CI: –5, –2%), PFOS (–3%; 95% CI: –3, –2%), PFNA (–2%; 95% CI: –2, –1%), and PFHxS (–1%; 95% CI: –2, 0%). The infant PFOA and PFOS serum concentrations were 6% (95% CI: 1, 10%) and 4% (95% CI: 1, 7%) higher per month of breastfeeding.Conclusions: Breast milk is the optimal food for infants, but is also a PFAA excretion route for lactating mothers and exposure route for nursing infants.Citation: Mondal D, Weldon RH, Armstrong BG, Gibson LJ, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Shin HM, Fletcher T. 2014. Breastfeeding: a potential excretion route for mothers and implications for infant exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids. Environ Health Perspect 122:187–192; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306613
Boceprevir versus placebo with pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in patients with HIV: a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 2 trial
Authors: Mark Sulkowski, Stanislas Pol, Josep Mallolas, Hugo Fainboim, Curtis Cooper, Jihad Slim, Antonio Rivero, Carmen Mak, Seth Thompson, Anita YM Howe, Larissa Wenning, Peter Sklar, Janice Wahl, Wayne Greaves
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)
Oscillatory afterpotentials in dog ventricular muscle fibers.
Authors: M Hiraoka, Y Okamoto, T Sano
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Ventricular muscle fibers from dog hearts were superfused with K+-free, high Ca2+ solutions after exposure to a K+-free, Ca2+-free superfusate. Following a series of driven action potentials, oscillatory after potentials (OAPs) were elicited in all 40 preparations at a resting potential of greater than -60 mV. The OAPs appeared not to represent either an electrotonic influence from Purkinje fibers or reentry. They showed a non-monotonic dependence on the basic cycle length, as well as on the number of preceding action potentials. When the OAPs attained threshold, there was extra-excitation (triggered activity) and, occasionally, sustained rhythmic activity. Single premature impulses increased the amplitude of the OAPs, but single or multiple stimuli applied during sustained rhythmic activity failed to stop it. The amplitude of the OAPs increased with higher external [Ca2+] and with lower external [Na+]. The OAPs and triggered activity were suppressed in the presence of Mn2+, verapamil, and 2.7 mM K+. Our results indicate that OAPs and triggered activity can be evoked in the working myocardium at normal resting potentials under various conditions, and that they represent abnormal impulse formation rather than reentry.
Apoptosis of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Regulated by p53-Dependent and -Independent Pathways
Authors: M. R. Bennett, G. I. Evan, S. M. Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells has recently been described in culture and also in remodeling of the artery after birth. However, the genes that regulate apoptosis in smooth muscle cells are mostly unknown. We studied the regulation of apoptosis in rat smooth muscle cells stably infected with retrovirus constructs containing c- myc , adenovirus E1A, bcl - 2 , and a temperature-sensitive mutant of the tumor suppressor gene p53. Apoptosis was verified by electron microscopy and quantified by time-lapse videomicroscopy. Death was induced by c- myc and E1A when cells were deprived of serum survival factors. bcl - 2 suppressed apoptosis of cells infected with c- myc and E1A and also normal smooth muscle cells. Overexpression of wild-type p53 induced apoptosis of cells infected with E1A and c- myc but not normal cells. In contrast, expression of mutant p53, which blocks wild-type p53 function, suppressed apoptosis of cells infected with E1A or c- myc but not normal cells. Both adenovirus E1A and c- myc increased the expression of endogenous p53 protein but not p53 mRNA. Although bcl - 2 suppressed apoptosis induced by E1A and c- myc , upregulation of p53 protein induced by these agents was unaffected. We conclude that apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated by p53-dependent and -independent pathways. Death induced by c- myc and E1A is mediated by, and dependent on, p53. However, the suppression of apoptosis by bcl - 2 is not mediated by changes in p53 expression, and the low level of apoptosis seen in normal VSMCs upon removal of survival factors is independent of p53.
Surgical Applied Anatomy
Authors: Frederick Treves
Journal: JAMA (1935)

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Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in extrathoracic sarcoidosis
Authors: Katrin E Hostettler, Vlad A Bratu, Arne Fischmann, Michael Tamm, Ulrich Studler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

The course of sarcoidosis is heterogeneous, and the assessment of pulmonary and extrathoracic organ involvement is important for clinical treatment decisions [1]. Whole-body imaging techniques have been evaluated to assess total disease activity [2, 3]. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) and 18FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) allow a complete picture of active intra- and extrapulmonary sites [4]. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is an established diagnostic tool for multifocal disorders such as multiple myeloma and metastatic diseases [5, 6]. The role of WB-MRI in the assessment of extrathoracic organ involvement in patients with sarcoidosis has not yet been studied.

We present an institutional review board-approved study including 24 patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis. Patients were recruited regardless of treatment, apparent extrapulmonary involvement and symptoms; written informed consent was obtained. To estimate extrapulmonary disease activity, the extrapulmonary physician organ severity tool (ePOST) was employed [7], scoring 17 organs (0: not affected; 6: very severely affected). Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and serum levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were assessed. All subjects underwent WB-MRI on a clinical 1.5-T whole-body scanner with an 18-channel coil array system (Magnetom Avanto (Tim); Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). The acquisition consisted of the following pulse sequences: coronal and sagittal T1-weighted Turbo Spin Echo (T1w) (repetition time ( T R) 682 ms and echo time ( T E) 11 ms) and Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) ( T R 9630 ms, T E 87 ms and inversion time 180 ms) (slice thickness 5 mm, intersection gap 20% coronal and 10% sagittal, and field of view 50×50 cm), with composition of multiple image stacks to achieve coverage from head to pelvic floor for T1w and from head to feet …
Macrophages Regulate the Angiogenic Switch in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer
Authors: Elaine Y. Lin, Jiu-Feng Li, Leoid Gnatovskiy, Yan Deng, Liyin Zhu, Dustin A. Grzesik, Hong Qian, Xiao-nan Xue, Jeffrey W. Pollard
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

The development of a tumor vasculature or access to the host vasculature is a crucial step for the survival and metastasis of malignant tumors. Although therapeutic strategies attempting to inhibit this step during tumor development are being developed, the biological regulation of this process is still largely unknown. Using a transgenic mouse susceptible to mammary cancer, PyMT mice, we have characterized the development of the vasculature in mammary tumors during their progression to malignancy. We show that the onset of the angiogenic switch, identified as the formation of a high-density vessel network, is closely associated with the transition to malignancy. More importantly, both the angiogenic switch and the progression to malignancy are regulated by infiltrated macrophages in the primary mammary tumors. Inhibition of the macrophage infiltration into the tumor delayed the angiogenic switch and malignant transition whereas genetic restoration of the macrophage population specifically in these tumors rescued the vessel phenotype. Furthermore, premature induction of macrophage infiltration into premalignant lesions promoted an early onset of the angiogenic switch independent of tumor progression. Taken together, this study shows that tumor-associated macrophages play a key role in promoting tumor angiogenesis, an essential step in the tumor progression to malignancy.