tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Induces ADAM9 Protein Expression in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Shian-Ying Sung, Hiroyuki Kubo, Katsumi Shigemura, Rebecca S. Arnold, Sanjay Logani, Ruoxiang Wang, Hiroyuki Konaka, Masayuki Nakagawa, Spiro Mousses, Mahul Amin, Cynthia Anderson, Peter Johnstone, John A. Petros, Fray F. Marshall, Haiyen E. Zhau, Leland W.K. Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family is a group of transmembrane proteins containing cell adhesive and proteolytic functional domains. Microarray analysis detected elevated ADAM9 during the transition of human LNCaP prostate cancer cells from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent and metastatic state. Using a prostate tissue array (N = 200), the levels of ADAM9 protein expression were also elevated in malignant as compared with benign prostate tissues. ADAM9 protein expression was found in 43% of benign glands with light staining and 87% of malignant glands with increasing intensity of staining. We found that ADAM9 mRNA and protein expressions were elevated on exposure of human prostate cancer cells to stress conditions such as cell crowding, hypoxia, and hydrogen peroxide. We uncovered an ADAM9-like protein, which is predominantly induced together with the ADAM9 protein by a brief exposure of prostate cancer cells to hydrogen peroxide. Induction of ADAM9 protein in LNCaP or C4-2 cells can be completely abrogated by the administration of an antioxidant, ebselen, or genetic transfer of a hydrogen peroxide degradative enzyme, catalase, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a common mediator. The induction of ADAM9 by stress can be inhibited by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide through increased gene transcription and protein synthesis. In conclusion, intracellular ROS and/or hydrogen peroxide, generated by cell stress, regulate ADAM9 expression. ADAM9 could be responsible for supporting prostate cancer cell survival and progression. By decreasing ADAM9 expression, we observed apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9519-26)
Circulatory Effects of Carotid Sinus Nerve Stimulation in Dogs with Reference to Coronary Flow and Resistance
Authors: RAUL E. FALICOV, LEON RESNEKOV, VLADIMIR KOCANDRLE, SHEILA KING, C. FREDERICK KITTLE
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The effects of electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves upon heart rate, myocardial function, circulatory dynamics, and coronary flow were studied in the anesthetized, open-chest dog. Carotid sinus nerve stimulation produced a transient profound bradycardia, which was abolished by vagotomy, and a more sustained, less marked, slowing of the heart, which became less marked after propranolol. The effects on cardiac output were variable. Significant drops in aortic pressure and systemic resistance were observed. Anterior descending coronary arterial flow also decreased significantly, but the changes in calculated coronary vascular resistance were variable. A disproportionate reduction in coronary blood flow was observed relative to the decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption. Under the conditions of our experiment, carotid sinus nerve stimulation significantly decreased cardiac work, arterial pressure, and myocardial contractility, and probably produced some coronary vasoconstriction secondary to the reduction in myocardial oxygen demand.
GMC mishandled father's complaint
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The General Medical Council was guilty of “serious and disturbing failures” when it refused to investigate a father's complaint against a GP over the death of his son, a High Court judge said last week. Arpad Toth of Walingford, Oxfordshire, (father of 5 year old Wilfrid Toth, who died in 1993) and David Jarman, the GP against whom the complaint was made, were victims of these failures, said Mr Justice Lightman.

Mr …
Simultaneous determination of eight bioactive bakkenolides of Petasites tatewakianus Kitam by HPLC–UV
Authors: Jianming He, Qin Wang, Yan Wang, Ruibing Chen, Yuyang Zhang, Meili Guo
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with variable wavelength detection (HPLC–UV) was developed to evaluate the quality of Petasites tatewakianus Kitam through a simultaneous determination of eight bakkenolides: bakkenolide-L, bakkenolide-D, bakkenolide-B, bakkenolide-Ia, bakkenolide-VIIa, bakkenolide-IVa, bakkenolide-IIIa and homofukinolide. With a C18 analytical column, the eight analytes were efficiently separated using tetrahydrofuran–acetonitrile–water as the mobile phase in a constant program. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation of the method ranged 0.42–2.56 μg/mL and 1.22–8.40 μg/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the method were all less than 1.83%. All the recoveries for the spiked analytes ranged 97.8%–102.4%. There were statistically significant differences among the contents of the eight bakkenolides in different parts and origins of P. tatewakianus (P<0.01). The content of total bakkenolides in rhizome was higher than that in other parts of the plant. The content of total bakkenolides in rhizome from Baishan was higher than those in other localities. The result suggested that rhizome may be the most valuable part of P. tatewakianus, and P. tatewakianus from Baishan may be the best plant resource. Our results might serve as a sound foundation for further study and application of this plant.
The Flowers report: a personal view.
Authors: H Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The Faculty of Medicine of the University of London is perhaps the largest in the world. It comprises no fewer than 34 under graduate and postgraduate institutions, all of international distinction; its undergraduate schools produce 1200 doctors a year?one-third of the total output of United Kingdom medical schools?and, as evidence of the high academic attainment achieved, nearly one-half of the consultants in the National Health Service are London graduates. Students from all over the world come to the London postgraduate institutions for ad vanced training in very large numbers. Even I, a product of a provincial medical school, must concede these facts. One would think, therefore, that an edifice such as this would be worth a good deal of trouble to preserve, especially in times when, apart from North Sea oil, Britain has (as Oscar Wilde said) nothing to declare except its genius. On 26 February, however, Lord Flowers, a distinguished physicist, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and Rector of the Imperial College of Science and Technology, presented his proposals to the Vice-Chan cellor of the University of London in a document entitled London Medical Education?a New Framework, which, if implemented, will be an act of academic vandalism. The University of London, like every other university, is finding medical education an increasingly heavy and rather unpopular financial burden. The UGC grant to the University of London is some ?160m per year, of which ?51m, over one third, goes to the medical schools. Cutbacks in allocation of funds to the university combined with spiralling increases in costs made it essential for a search to be made for economies. The Flowers Working Party was therefore set up by the Vice-Chancellor (see p 731). In blunt English, the working party was asked how London could produce the same numbers of undergraduates as hitherto without receiving any further increments of money?which, with 17% annual inflation, means more cheaply. The detailed proposals of the working party amounts to a pattern of fewer but larger schools on the familiar but dis credited grounds that centralisation and rationalisation is cost effective : that larger is cheaper.
A STUDY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS AUTOLYSIS
Authors: Walther F. Goebel, Oswald T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. Autolysis of Pneumococcus is accompanied by proteolysis, which results in an increase in amino and non-coagulable nitrogen. 2. Autolysis of Pneumococcus is accompanied by lipolysis during which there is a liberation of ether-soluble fatty acids. 3. When extracts containing the active intracellular enzymes are added to heat-killed pneumococci, lysis of the cells occurs and there is an increase in the non-coagulable and amino nitrogen, comparable to the changes accompanying spontaneous autolysis. 4. When extracts containing the active intracellular enzymes are added to emulsions of the alcohol-soluble lipoids extracted from pneumococci, an increase in the ether-soluble fatty acid occurs. 5. Sodium desoxycholate in excess inhibits the action of pneumococcus protease; it does not inhibit the action of pneumococcus lipase. 6. When suspensions of pneumococci are cooled to 0 degrees C., a temperature at which the rate of enzyme action is greatly retarded, the organisms go into solution rapidly when sodium desoxycholate is added, but this process is not accompanied by lipolysis or proteolysis. It does not seem probable, therefore, that the "bile" solution of pneumococci is identical with the phenomenon of autolysis as ordinarily understood and measured. 7. The relation of enzyme action to antigenic dissociation is discussed.
Rituximab As Second-Line Treatment For Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia: Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial In Japan
Authors: Yoshitaka Miyakawa, Shinya Katsutani, Takahiro Yano, Shosaku Nomura, Kaichi Nishiwaki, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Masaaki Higashihara, Yukari Shirasugi, Masakatsu Nishikawa, Katsutoshi Ozaki, Kayoko Kikuchi, Takayuki Abe, Yuji Sato, Yuzuru Kanakura, Kingo Fujimura, Yasuo Ikeda, Shinichiro Okamoto
Journal: Blood (2013)
AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE OPERAATIONS UPON THE MASTOID PROCESS.
Authors: LAURENCE TURNBULL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It is now 105 years since a Danish surgeon, Berger of Copenhagen, was suffering from non-suppurative inflammation of the tympanum attended with distressing tinnitus aurium and deafness. To relieve this condition the operation of perforating the mastoid process was performed. The patient being old and the bones very hard, the injection used would not pass through the opening in the mastoid into the middle ear. Pain, fever, sleeplessness, vomiting and delirium closed the scene and he died eleven days after the operation. The postmortem revealed "suppurative meningitis." Where the bone had been opened it was found to be two lines in thickness, while the perforator had entered much deeper. A regimental surgeon by the name of Jasser, in 1776, performed the same operation upon the mastoid of a soldier who had suffered for a long period from a chronic middle-ear suppuration, with occasional subacute attacks attended by great pain. The
ASTHENOPIC REFLEX MANIFESTATIONS BETWEEN THE EYES AND TEETH
Authors: W. W. KAHN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Relief of eye strain and its manifestations through refraction is made impossible by diseases of the nose and its sinuses, and of the pharynx and, rarely, by more remote diseased organs. These diseases influence reflexly the functions of the eye. Such sources of malfunction, when unsuspected, keep the oculist uselessly trying for years to cure the asthenopia until, finally, the cause of these reflexes is discovered.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 1.  —Mrs. L. S., aged 44, was seen by me in 1916, because of eye trouble. She presented all the classical symptoms of eye strain: headaches, pain in the eyes, vertigo, carsickness and asthenopia, as well as anorexia, indigestion and pollakiuria. She urinated every few minutes during the day and about twice during the night. She slept poorly, being frequently disturbed by nightmare. She had rheumatic pains all over the body, especially in the digital joints. She sighed and yawned
SIDS and Near-SIDS
Authors: Daniel C. Shannon, Dorothy H. Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

SUDDEN death affects persons of all ages. In adults it is frequently the result of cardiac arrhythmia, especially ventricular fibrillation; in adolescents it is often accidental, and in infants, although it can follow arrhythmia or accident, it is generally unexplained and is called the sudden-infant-death syndrome (SIDS). The pathologic process may affect various organs, as in inflammation of the respiratory tract, but its degree is insufficient to explain death. In the past, SIDS was attributed to suffocation from thymic enlargement1 or anaphylaxis to milk protein2 , 3 — associations that were later proved false.In recent years, abnormal cardiac conduction and abnormal . . .
Hypnotic accumulation and hangover in elderly inpatients: a controlled double-blind study of temazepam and nitrazepam.
Authors: P J Cook, A Huggett, R Graham-Pole, I T Savage, I M James
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The hypnotic and residual sedative effects of the first and seventh of seven regular night-time doses of nitrazepam 5 mg, temazepam 20 mg, and placebo were studied in 58 elderly inpatients. Plasma temazepam and nitrazepam concentrations rose by about 50% and 113% respectively between the mornings of day 1 and day 7. Patients reported sleeping well more often after the first dose of either hypnotic (p less than 0.05), but there was no difference after the seventh dose. Reaction time was unchanged on the morning after the first dose but was significantly prolonged after the seventh dose of both hypnotics (p less than 0.01). The time taken to eliminate the letter E from a page of prose tended to be prolonged after the first dose of both drugs (temazepam v placebo, p less than 0.05; nitrazepam v placebo, not significant) and was further prolonged on the morning after the seventh dose of nitrazepam (nitrazepam v placebo, p less than 0.05). Thus plasma accumulation of the drug was associated with a deterioration in daytime performance. This change in performance did not correlate with age, cerebral blood flow, or plasma concentration, but patients of low intelligence tended to be more severely affected.
Circulating Cancer Cells
Authors: R. A. Sellwood, S. W. A. Kuper, J. I. Burn, E. N. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1964)

46% of the original group.The general acceptability of this regime may well vary in different localities.Since the combination of streptomycin and isoniazid is more effective than P.A.S. + isoniazid it may be possible -to reduce the length of treatment from the generally accepted period of 18 months.We are satisfied that the present results with daily streptomycin + daily isoniazid justify further trials to assess now the optimal duration of these drugs, including possibly an intermittent regime during the later stages of treatment.Conclusions Streptomycin 0.75 g. is an adequate dose and may repre- sent the optimal dose in combination with isoniazid for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.This dose significantly reduces labyrinthine damage.Panto- thenic acid has failed to prevent this complication.High-dose isoniazid offers no advantage and is more toxic. SummaryA total of 138 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were allotted by random selection to three regimes to examine the advantages of high-dose isoniazid, pantothenic acid to mitigate streptomycin-induced vestibular damage, and the effects of reduction of the daily dose of streptomycin from 1 to 0.75 g.A supplementary group of 37 patients who received the lower dose of streptomycin were added later.Patients were treated for 18 months and the results were analysed two years after stopping treatment.Lowering of the daily dose of streptomycin to 0.75 g. reduced complicating vertigo from 30% to 7% without loss of therapeutic efficiency.No long-term advantage was gained with high-dose isoniazid, which proved more toxic.Unddr the conditions of this trial pantothenic acid was of no value.There is some evidence that daily streptomycin + isoniazid is not essential beyond a year, and an intermittent regime may be adequate in the later stages of treatment.We gratefully acknowledge the care and help of the sisters and nursing staff at Ashludie Hospital, King's Cross Hospital, and at the Chest Clinic.We are indebted to Dr. M. B. Dempster and Mr. A. Gibb for the results of the Hallpike caloric tests, to Mr. D. Allan for the streptomycin assays in sera, and to Dr. J. Simpson for help with the statistical analysis.
The shortest isoform of C/EBPβ, liver inhibitory protein (LIP), collaborates with Evi1 to induce AML in a mouse BMT model
Authors: Naoko Watanabe-Okochi, Akihide Yoshimi, Tomohiko Sato, Toshiyuki Ikeda, Keiki Kumano, Kazuki Taoka, Yumiko Satoh, Akihito Shinohara, Takako Tsuruta, Akiko Masuda, Hiromitsu Yokota, Yutaka Yatomi, Koki Takahashi, Jiro Kitaura, Toshio Kitamura, Mineo Kurokawa
Journal: Blood (2013)
Alcohol and the Writer
Authors: Leah J. Dickstein
Journal: JAMA (1990)

From the very first sentence in the preface of Dr Donald W. Goodwin's fifth book about alcoholism,<i>Alcohol and the Writer</i>("I discovered books and alcohol at about the same age: seven."), the reader is captivated both by the extraordinarily interesting material presented and by Dr Goodwin's obvious and enthralling talent and style. The book's thesis is that American writers in the first half of the 20th century had an unusually great proclivity to drink excessively, to the extent that they meet current diagnostic criteria for alcoholism. Dr Goodwin, an internationally recognized researcher in alcoholism, and in his former career a full-time newspaper editor and columnist, describes "this epidemic of alcoholism in American writers." He supports his thesis in eight chapter biographies of Americans Edgar Allan Poe, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, John Steinbeck, William Faulkner, and Eugene O'Neill, Canadian novelist Malcolm Lowry, and French-language novelist Georges Simenon. These lively
L180C: A novel mutation pattern selected during lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: A.M. Bozdayi, A.R. Turkyilmaz, M. Sarioglu, O. Erkan, H. Bozkaya, O. Uzunalimoglu, A. Ozden, C. Yurdaydin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
SOME RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF ASCARIASIS
Authors: B. H. RANSOM
Journal: JAMA (1922)

case should be regarded with suspicion.It is well to remem¬ ber what the physiologic variations are.Free of excitement, free of those conditions known to elevate blood pressure, does the blood pressure persist elevated?If it does, then it is abnormal.And that is just the period when one can do the most in treatment, and it is just the period when it is hardest to get men to revise their mode of life.In regard to the salt-poor diet advocated from time to time, doubtless restrictions in salt are occasionally operative in reducing blood pressure.I doubt that it is the salt deprivation.From my observation, those who eat large amounts of salt are usually persons who eat an excessive amount of food, par¬ ticularly of protein.If you restrict their salt, you destroy the appetizing feature of their food and they unconsciously eat less.It is because their food intake is less that one gets results from the salt restriction, and not because of the salt per se.
Expert Medical Testimony
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1976)

BURTON L. Wise<sup>1</sup>has noted the need to restructure the testimony of expert medical witnesses in courts of law in the United States. The main change proposed is that experts testify as unbiased witnesses reporting to the court, the material to be used by one or both sides as they see fit. This proposal is so obviously reasonable and equitable that it is a wonder it has not been pursued wherever civilization is improving. It is a question with which I have been concerned during my entire career. Shortly after finishing postgraduate training in neurology and psychiatry, I was among those instrumental in founding a local society of neurology and psychiatry. Discomfited by the beating that truth was taking in courts of law, to say nothing of the humiliation of the profession and especially psychiatry in the press, several of us drew up a resolution to embody the very
Prevention of Preterm Parturition
Authors: Frederik J. Hermans, Brenda M. Kazemier, Ben W. Mol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

This article reviews risk factors for preterm delivery, with special attention to previous preterm birth and a short cervix. Strategies for minimizing the risk of preterm birth among high-risk women, including progesterone supplementation and cerclage, are discussed.
Identification of N-Terminally Truncated Stable Nuclear Isoforms of CDC25B That Are Specifically Involved in G2/M Checkpoint Recovery
Authors: Denis Jullien, Beatrix Bugler, Christine Dozier, Martine Cazales, Bernard Ducommun
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract CDC25B phosphatases must activate cyclin B-CDK1 complexes to restart the cell cycle after an arrest in G2 phase caused by DNA damage. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms involved in this process, which may exert considerable impact on cancer susceptibility and therapeutic responses. Here we report the discovery of novel N-terminally truncated CDC25B isoforms, referred to as ΔN-CDC25B, with an exclusively nuclear and nonredundant function in cell cycle re-initiation after DNA damage. ΔN-CDC25B isoforms are expressed from a distinct promoter not involved in expression of canonical full-length isoforms. Remarkably, in contrast to the high lability and spatial dynamism of the full-length isoforms, ΔN-CDC25B isoforms are highly stable and exclusively nuclear, strongly suggesting the existence of two pools of CDC25B phosphatases in the cell that have functionally distinct properties. Using isoform-specific siRNA, we found that depleting full-length isoforms, but not ΔN-CDC25B isoforms, delays entry into mitosis. Thus, in an unperturbed cell cycle, the full-length isoforms are exclusively responsible for activating cyclin B-CDK1. Strikingly, in the late response to DNA damage, we found a CHK1-dependent shift in accumulation of CDC25B isoforms toward the ΔN-CDC25B species. Under this physiological stress condition, the ΔN-CDC25B isoform was found to play a crucial, nonredundant function in restarting the cell cycle after DNA damage-induced G2 phase arrest. Our findings reveal the existence of a previously unrecognized CDC25B isoform that operates specifically in the nucleus to reinitiate G2/M transition after DNA damage. Cancer Res; 71(5); 1968–77. ©2011 AACR.
The Novel Metastasis Promoter Merm1/Wbscr22 Enhances Tumor Cell Survival in the Vasculature by Suppressing Zac1/p53-Dependent Apoptosis
Authors: Youya Nakazawa, Hiroyuki Arai, Naoya Fujita
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Understanding metastasis is integral to curative cancer treatments. Using a mouse genetic screening model, we identified Merm1/Wbscr22 as a novel metastasis promoter that includes a methyltransferase fold in its structure. Merm1 showed high levels of expression in invasive breast cancer. Ectopic expression of Merm1 in nonmetastatic cells enhanced metastasis formation without affecting cell growth and motility. The intact methyltransferase fold of Merm1 was required for metastasis formation. Interestingly, Merm1 expression promoted cell survival after entrapment in the lung microvasculature. Consistent with these results, knockdown of endogenous Merm1 in tumor cells reduced lung retention and metastasis formation. On the basis of comparative transcriptome analysis, Merm1 expression was negatively correlated with the expression of tumor suppressor Zac1. We confirmed that Merm1 suppressed Zac1 expression with histone H3 methylation at Lys(9) in the Zac1 promoter region. Zac1 can induce apoptosis through its ability to transcriptionally coactivate p53, which regulates apoptosis in the vasculature and is often downregulated in metastasis. We found that Zac1 knockdown reduced the p53-dependent apoptosis that was enhanced by Merm1 knockdown, thereby increasing lung retention of metastatic cells. Our findings show that Merm1 enhances cancer cell survival in the vasculature by suppressing Zac1/p53-dependent apoptosis, thereby enhancing metastasis.