tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Results From the SmartDelay Determined AV Optimization: A Comparison to Other AV Delay Methods Used in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (SMART-AV) Trial
Authors: Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Michael R. Gold, Timothy E. Meyer, Ignacio Fernndez Lozano, Suneet Mittal, Alan D. Waggoner, Bernd Lemke, Jagmeet P. Singh, Francis G. Spinale, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Jeffrey Whitehill, Stanislav Weiner, Maninder Bedi, Joshua Rapkin, Kenneth M. Stein
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background One variable that may influence cardiac resynchronization therapy response is the programmed atrioventricular (AV) delay. The SmartDelay Determined AV Optimization: A Comparison to Other AV Delay Methods Used in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (SMART-AV) Trial prospectively randomized patients to a fixed empirical AV delay (120 milliseconds), echocardiographically optimized AV delay, or AV delay optimized with SmartDelay, an electrogram-based algorithm. Methods and Results A total of 1014 patients (68% men; mean age, 66±11 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 25±7%) who met enrollment criteria received a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator, and 980 patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio. All patients were programmed (DDD-60 or DDDR-60) and evaluated after implantation and 3 and 6 months later. The primary end point was left ventricular end-systolic volume. Secondary end points included New York Heart Association class, quality-of-life score, 6-minute walk distance, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular ejection fraction. The medians (quartiles 1 and 3) for change in left ventricular end-systolic volume at 6 months for the SmartDelay, echocardiography, and fixed arms were −21 mL (−45 and 6 mL), −19 mL (−45 and 6 mL), and −15 mL (−41 and 6 mL), respectively. No difference in improvement in left ventricular end-systolic volume at 6 months was observed between the SmartDelay and echocardiography arms ( P =0.52) or the SmartDelay and fixed arms ( P =0.66). Secondary end points, including structural (left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular ejection fraction) and functional (6-minute walk, quality of life, and New York Heart Association classification) measures, were not significantly different between arms. Conclusions Neither SmartDelay nor echocardiography was superior to a fixed AV delay of 120 milliseconds. The routine use of AV optimization techniques assessed in this trial is not warranted. However, these data do not exclude possible utility in selected patients who do not respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT00677014.
Onwards and upwards from London 2012
Authors: Eleanor J Tillett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Welcome to British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine's (BASEM's) issue of the BJSM . As I write this I am reflecting on the ultimate summer of sport as we welcomed the world to Great Britain for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Hopefully the world had as good time visiting as we did hosting. Many BASEM members and BJSM readers helped provide medical services, along with family and friends who also volunteered in countless ways. I have heard nothing but positive feedback from all those volunteers with phrases such as ‘once in a lifetime’ and ‘incredible atmosphere’ frequently being heard. Of course, that TeamGB and ParaGB had fairly good days at the office, probably helped just a little. According to Nevill's editorial ( see page 958 ) we should not have been surprised that our home advantage kicked in, but I like to think it was a bit more than this. A big thanks …
Adrenocortical, Autonomic, and Inflammatory Causes of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: E.J. Brunner, H. Hemingway, B.R. Walker, M. Page, P. Clarke, M. Juneja, M.J. Shipley, M. Kumari, R. Andrew, J.R. Seckl, A. Papadopoulos, S. Checkley, A. Rumley, G.D.O. Lowe, S.A. Stansfeld, M.G. Marmot
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— The causes of metabolic syndrome (MS), which may be a precursor of coronary disease, are uncertain. We hypothesize that disturbances in neuroendocrine and cardiac autonomic activity (CAA) contribute to development of MS. We examine reversibility and the power of psychosocial and behavioral factors to explain the neuroendocrine adaptations that accompany MS. Methods and Results— This was a double-blind case-control study of working men aged 45 to 63 years drawn from the Whitehall II cohort. MS cases (n=30) were compared with healthy controls (n=153). Cortisol secretion, sensitivity, and 24-hour cortisol metabolite and catecholamine output were measured over 2 days. CAA was obtained from power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) recordings. Twenty-four-hour cortisol metabolite and normetanephrine (3-methoxynorepinephrine) outputs were higher among cases than controls (+ 0.49, +0.45 SD, respectively). HRV and total power were lower among cases (both −0.72 SD). Serum interleukin-6, plasma C-reactive protein, and viscosity were higher among cases (+0.89, +0.51, and +0.72 SD). Lower HRV was associated with higher normetanephrine output ( r =−0.19; P =0.03). Among former cases (MS 5 years previously, n=23), cortisol output, heart rate, and interleukin-6 were at the level of controls. Psychosocial factors accounted for 37% of the link between MS and normetanephrine output, and 7% to 19% for CAA. Health-related behaviors accounted for 5% to 18% of neuroendocrine differences. Conclusions— Neuroendocrine stress axes are activated in MS. There is relative cardiac sympathetic predominance. The neuroendocrine changes may be reversible. This case-control study provides the first evidence that chronic stress may be a cause of MS. Confirmatory prospective studies are required.
Endothelial Cell Apoptosis during Glomerular Capillary Lumen Formation In Vivo
Authors: Wolfgang Fierlbeck, Ailian Liu, Raluca Coyle, Barbara J. Ballermann
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) stimulates endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro, and inhibition of TGF-β1 leads to retention of undifferentiated endothelial cells in developing glomerular capillaries and reduced lumen formation in vivo. This study explored the question whether glomerular capillary lumen formation in vivo may involve TGF-β1–dependent endothelial cell apoptosis. Neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 or non-immune IgY were infused into the renal arteries of 3-d-old rats, and the kidneys were examined 2 d later. By transmission electron microscopy, endocapillary apoptotic cells were observed at a frequency of 0.10/loop in immature glomeruli of 3-d-old rat pups. In 5-d-old rat pups given neutralizing TGF-β1 antibody or control IgY, the frequency of endocapillary apoptotic cells was 0.03 and 0.09/loop, respectively (P < 0.001, χ2). Dual labeling with TUNEL and anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) antibody showed that apoptotic cells in immature glomeruli of 5-d-old rat pups are endothelial cells. Quantitative analysis showed significantly fewer TUNEL/vWF–labeled cells in glomeruli after anti-TGF-β1 antibody infusion than in controls. No endocapillary apoptotic cells were observed in any group in C-shaped or S-shaped bodies, and the TUNEL assay revealed no glomerular apoptotic cells in kidneys from mature rats. These findings suggest that superfluous endothelial cells are cleared from immature glomerular capillaries by apoptosis, a process regulated by TGF-β1. Taken together with the previous finding, that TGF-β1 blockade blunts glomerular capillary lumen formation in vivo, it is proposed that TGF-β1–dependent apoptosis serves to open capillary lumens in this vascular bed during glomerular development. E-mail: [email protected]
Endobronchial actinomycosis mimicking pulmonary neoplasm.
Authors: K Y Lau
Journal: Thorax (1992)

A 60 year old man had recurrent pneumonia. Bronchoscopy disclosed a necrotic mass in the left lower lobe bronchus, which histological examination showed to contain sulphur granules. The endobronchial mass had disappeared by the second bronchoscopy one week later. The patient was treated with penicillin for one year and was cured. Actinomycosis must be included in the differential diagnosis of an endobronchial mass.
Subversion of host defense mechanisms by murine tumors. II. Counter-influence of concomitant antitumor immunity.
Authors: R J North, D P Kirstein, R L Tuttle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Subcutaneous injection of murine tumor cells first resulted in a state of severely suppressed macrophage-mediated antibacterial resistance and then in a contrasting state of greatly enhanced antibacterial resistance. Whereas, the state of suppressed antibacterial resistance corresponded to a state of suppressed resistance to a tumor cell challenge, the generation of enhanced antibacterial resistance corresponded to the acquisition of concomitant antitumor immunity. It was suggested on the basis of this evidence that changes in the level of macrophage-mediated antibacterial resistance that occur during growth of the primary tumor reflected changes in the level of the host's resistance to the tumor itself. It was further suggested that the coincidental suppression of antibacterial and antitumor resistance that occurs during the initial stages of growth of the primary tumor represents the operation of a mechanism that enables the tumor to avoid destruction by macrophages. The results support the view that macrophages play an important role in native and acquired resistance to malignant tumors.
Impact of Contrast Echocardiography on Evaluation of Ventricular Function and Clinical Management in a Large Prospective Cohort
Authors: Mustafa Kurt, Kamran A. Shaikh, Leif Peterson, Karla M. Kurrelmeyer, Gopi Shah, Sherif F. Nagueh, Robert Fromm, Miguel A. Quinones, William A. Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
PD 81,723, an Allosteric Enhancer of the A <sub>1</sub> Adenosine Receptor, Lowers the Threshold for Ischemic Preconditioning in Dogs
Authors: Tsuneo Mizumura, John A. Auchampach, Joel Linden, Robert F. Bruns, Garrett J. Gross
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

PD 81,723 (PD) acts allosterically to increase agonist binding to A 1 adenosine receptors and to enhance functional A 1 receptor–mediated responses in the heart and other tissues. To determine if PD lowers the threshold for ischemic preconditioning (PC), pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to 60 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion and 3 hours of reperfusion. Ischemic PC was produced by either 2.5 or 5 minutes of LAD occlusion 10 minutes before the 60-minute occlusion. PD (100 μg/kg total dose, 5 to 50 μmol/L in coronary arterial blood) or vehicle was infused intracoronarily for 17.5 minutes before the 60-minute occlusion period in non-PC dogs or in dogs preconditioned with 2.5 minutes of ischemia. Myocardial infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk. Compared with the control group (26.3±3.6%, mean±SEM), infarct size was not significantly affected by 2.5 minutes of PC alone (23.4±4.2%) or by PD alone (26.5±1.7%) but was decreased by PD+PC (14.6±1.7%, P &lt;.05) or by a longer period (5 minutes) of PC alone (12.5±3.3%). The intravenous administration of the selective antagonist of A 1 adenosine receptors, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (1 mg/kg), or the ATP-sensitive K + channel blocker, glibenclamide (0.3 mg/kg), for 15 minutes before PD+PC blocked the protection (23.6±2.3% or 25.9±3.3%, respectively). None of the compounds studied affected systemic hemodynamics, collateral blood flow, or AAR. To determine which subtypes of canine adenosine receptors were affected by 10 μmol/L PD, radioligand binding studies were conducted using membranes derived from COS-7 cells expressing recombinant canine receptors and agonist radioligands. PD enhanced the binding of [ 125 I] N 6 -4-amino-3-iodobenzyladenosine ( 125 I-ABA) to A 1 receptors by increasing the t 1/2 for dissociation by 2.18-fold, but PD had no effect on the dissociation kinetics of 125 I-ABA from A 3 receptors or [ 125 I]-[2-(4-amino-3-iodo-phenyl)ethylamino]adenosine from A 2A receptors. Glibenclamide at concentrations up to 10 μmol/L had no effect on the binding of radioligands to recombinant canine A 1 , A 2A , or A 3 receptors. These data suggest that PD reduces the amount of time required for ischemia to produce preconditioning by enhancing adenosine binding to its A 1 receptor. Glibenclamide prevents the protection afforded by A 1 receptor activation by a mechanism not involving adenosine receptor blockade.
Combination chemotherapy with docetaxel plus vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer patients with prior exposure to anthracyclines
Authors: J.L. Martí, P. Bueso, J.I. Mayordomo, M.D. Isla, A. Saenz, P. Escudero, L. Murillo, E. Filipovich, R. Andres, A. Tres
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
PC Cell-Derived Growth Factor Expression in Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chong-Xian Pan, Michael S. Kinch, Peter A. Kiener, Solomon Langermann, Ginette Serrero, Le Sun, Joseph Corvera, Christopher J. Sweeney, Lang Li, Shaobo Zhang, Lee Ann Baldridge, Timothy D. Jones, Michael O. Koch, Thomas M. Ulbright, John N. Eble, Liang Cheng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

PCDGF (PC cell-derived growth factor), also called progranulin, is a M(r) 88000 glycoprotein precursor of granulin. It is a novel growth factor that stimulates cell proliferation, confers epithelial tumorigenesis, and promotes tumor invasion. Here we investigate the potential of PCDGF as a therapeutic target for prostate cancer.We studied the expression of PCDGF in invasive prostate cancer, adjacent high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and benign prostate tissue from 99 human prostate specimens. The level of PCDGF expression was correlated with various clinicopathological characteristics.Normal prostate tissue did not express (53/99), or expressed low levels (46/99) of PCDGF. In the 46 normal prostate specimens that expressed PCDGF, most of them had less than 10% of cells expressing PCDGF. PCDGF expression could be detected in more than 50% of cells in all specimens of PIN and invasive prostate cancer. The expression of PCDGF in normal prostate tissue was much less intense and in a smaller fraction of cells than in PIN and invasive adenocarcinoma (P < 0.0001). There was no correlation of PCDGF expression with age, Gleason score, pathological stage, status of lymph node metastasis, extraprostatic extension, perineural invasion, surgical margins, and vascular invasion.Our data suggest that the induction of PCDGF expression occurs during the development of PIN. PCDGF may be a new molecular target for the treatment and prevention of prostate cancer.
A comparison of intralesional triamcinolone and cryosurgery in the treatment of acne keloids
Authors: A. M. LAYTON, J. YIP, W. J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Keloid scarring presents a difficult therapeutic problem. It is a recognized sequel to acne vulgaris, and may be extensive and disfiguring. The data from this double‐blind study, in which intralesional triamcinolone or cryosurgery were used as treatment for keloids, demonstrate that by treating early, and in particular vascular, keloids with the latter, 85% will show a moderate to good response in terms of flattening. Treatment with intralesional triamcinolone was also beneficial, but the response to cryosurgery was significantly better in early, vascular lesions.
Selection of laboratory wild-type phenotype from natural isolates of Escherichia coli in chemostats.
Authors: R Mikkola, C G Kurland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1992)

We have followed, in glucose-limited chemostats, the evolution of natural isolates of Escherichia coli possessing maximal growth rates of 0.48-1.43 doublings/h. Under these conditions a rapid-growth phenotype similar to that of standard laboratory wild-type strains was selected so that after 280 generations all of the cultures were characterized by bacteria with maximum growth rates close to 1.33 doublings/h. The growth yields of the natural isolates, on the other hand, were quite uniform and improved only slightly during the selection; it seems that the natural isolates are nearly maximally efficient at utilizing glucose. Some of the kinetic characteristics of ribosomes prepared from natural isolates vary markedly and in proportion to the growth rates of the original strains. After growth in glucose-limited chemostats, the ribosomes of all of the cultures become kinetically indistinguishable from those of laboratory wild-type bacteria. These observations confirm the interpretation that bacteria grown under normal laboratory conditions have been selected for maximum growth rates which demand maximum translation efficiency. In contrast, these characteristics do not seem to be strongly selected in the natural isolates.
Randomized phase III study comparing irinotecan combined with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid to cisplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil in chemotherapy naive patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction
Authors: M. Dank, J. Zaluski, C. Barone, V. Valvere, S. Yalcin, C. Peschel, M. Wenczl, E. Goker, L. Cisar, K. Wang, R. Bugat
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Cardiac and respiratory function before and after spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Authors: J M Shneerson, M A Edgar
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Ten girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were studied before and 17-23 months after spinal fusion. None had any cardiac or respiratory disease complicating the scoliosis. They underwent a range of resting lung function tests and a progressive exercise test. The mean angle of scoliosis decreased from 65.8 to 27.3 degrees after operation but the only significant physiological benefit detected in this study was a decrease in the submaximal minute ventilation. The physiological benefit of spinal fusion was therefore much less prominent than the anatomical improvement of the spinal curvature.
Problems Assessing Indoor Tanning-Related Injuries
Authors: Gregory Kohs
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Bio‐Origami Hydrogel Scaffolds Composed of Photocrosslinked PEG Bilayers
Authors: Mustapha Jamal, Sachin S. Kadam, Rui Xiao, Faraz Jivan, Tzia‐Ming Onn, Rohan Fernandes, Thao D. Nguyen, David H. Gracias
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

We describe the self-folding of photopatterned poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel bilayers into curved and anatomically relevant micrometer-scale geometries. The PEG bilayers consist of two different molecular weights (MWs) and are photocrosslinked en masse using conventional photolithography. Self-folding is driven by differential swelling of the two PEG bilayers in aqueous solutions. We characterize the self-folding of PEG bilayers of varying composition and develop a finite element model which predicts radii of curvature that are in good agreement with empirical results. Since we envision the utility of bio-origami in tissue engineering, we photoencapsulate insulin secreting β-TC-6 cells within PEG bilayers and subsequently self-fold them into cylindrical hydrogels of different radii. Calcein AM staining and ELISA measurements are used to monitor cell proliferation and insulin production respectively, and the results indicate cell viability and robust insulin production for over eight weeks in culture.
Nielsen's concept of covert REM sleep is a path toward a more realistic view of sleep psychophysiology
Authors: Edward F. Pace-Schott
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Nielsen's concept of “covert REM sleep” accounts for more of the complexity in sleep psychophysiology than its conceptual predecessors such as the tonic-phasic model. With new neuroimaging findings, such concepts lead to more precise sleep psychophysiology including both traditional polysomnographic signs and neuronal activity in greater proximity to the actual point sources and distributed networks which generate dreaming. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen]
Interferon gamma stimulation modulates the proteolytic activity and cleavage site preference of 20S mouse proteasomes.
Authors: B Boes, H Hengel, T Ruppert, G Multhaup, U H Koszinowski, P M Kloetzel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The proteasome is a 700-kD multisubunit enzyme complex with several proteolytically active sites. The enzyme complex is involved in both ubiquitin-dependent and -independent protein degradation and may contribute to the processing of antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Here we demonstrate that treatment of mouse fibroblast cells with 20 U interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) for 3 d induces a change in the proteasome subunit composition and that the beta-type subunit LMP2, which is encoded in the MHC class II region, is incorporated into the enzyme complex. This is paralleled by reduction of the homologous delta-subunit. IFN-gamma stimulation results in a downregulation of the chymotrypsin-like Suc-LLVY-MCA peptide hydrolyzing activity of 20S proteasomes whereas the trypsin-like activity remains unaffected. When tested as a substrate a synthetic 25-mer polypeptide whose sequence covers the antigenic nonapeptide YPHFMPTNL of the MCMV pp89, 20S proteasomes of IFN-gamma-induced cells exhibit altered chymotrypsin-like cleavage site preferences. In the absence of IFN-gamma induction, the naturally processed nonamer peptide that is presented by MHC class I molecules appears as a minor cleavage product. IFN-gamma activation does not result in an increase of the final peptide but results in a different set of peptides. We hypothesize that these peptides represent precursor peptides that can be trimmed to final peptide size.
Alternative allergy and the General Medical Council.
Authors: A B Kay
Journal: BMJ (1993)

In July 1992 Dr Keith Mumby, a clinical ecologist, appeared before the professional conduct committee of the General Medical Council on five charges to do with his practice of clinical ecology. He was found guilty of two of the charges--touting for publicity and failing to give a patient adequate medical attention--and admonished. The GMC failed, however, to address the issue of the nature of Mumby's treatments--clinical ecology itself. This is based on the idea that some patients are unusually susceptible to their environment, the diagnosis and treatment are based on an unstandardised provocation-neutralisation test. A variety of medical bodies have failed to find scientific foundation for the technique. The GMC's policy on advertising services to patients is inconsistent, and in this case it has shown a regrettable reluctance to deal with the issue of treatments that are not scientifically validated.