tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapy for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Patients with Nonulcer Dyspepsia
Authors: Loren Laine, Philip Schoenfeld, M. Brian Fennerty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Purpose: To assess the effect of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori on symptoms of nonulcer dyspepsia. Data Sources: Duplicate searches of bibliographic databases, reviews of proceedings of annual gastroenterology and H. pylori meetings from 1995 to 1999, reviews of reference lists, and contact with primary investigators and pharmaceutical manufacturers. Study Selection: Included studies 1) examined patients with nonulcer dyspepsia and H. pylori infection; 2) used combination therapy for H. pylori and a control therapy without efficacy against H. pylori; 3) were randomized, controlled trials; 4) lasted for at least 1 month after the end of therapy; and 5) assessed symptoms of nonulcer dyspepsia. Ten studies were included. Data Extraction: Independent, duplicate data extraction of the methodologic quality, population, intervention, study design, duration, and outcome of the trials. Data Synthesis: The odds ratio (OR) for treatment success in nonulcer dyspepsia with H. pylori eradication therapy compared with control therapy was 1.29 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.89; P�=�0.18). However, significant heterogeneity (P�=�0.04) calls the validity of aggregating the data into question. Heterogeneity resolved with the exclusion of one study (OR, 1.07 [CI, 0.83 to 1.37]; P�>�0.2). For predefined analysis of trials that used a specifically stated definition of dyspepsia (that is, upper abdominal pain or discomfort), the OR was 1.04 (CI, 0.80 to 1.35) without heterogeneity. For treatment that resulted in cure rather than persistent infection, the OR was 1.17 (CI, 0.87 to 1.59) without heterogeneity. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides little support for the use of H. pylori eradication therapy in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia.
Genomic screening and replication using the same data set in family-based association testing
Authors: Kristel Van Steen, Matthew B McQueen, Alan Herbert, Benjamin Raby, Helen Lyon, Dawn L DeMeo, Amy Murphy, Jessica Su, Soma Datta, Carsten Rosenow, Michael Christman, Edwin K Silverman, Nan M Laird, Scott T Weiss, Christoph Lange
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Gender and myocardial salvage after reperfusion treatment in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Julinda Mehilli, Gjin Ndrepepa, Adnan Kastrati, Stephan G. Nekolla, Christina Markwardt, Hildegard Bollwein, Jürgen Pache, Stefan Martinoff, Josef Dirschinger, Markus Schwaiger, Albert Schömig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
An Address on Acute Manifestations of Chronic Disease: Delivered at the Opening of the Winter Session of the Midland Medical Society
Authors: J. M. Bruce
Journal: BMJ (1902)

oppressed by the feeling in the preparation of this address' that it is unworthy of the occasion, and of the honour which your Society has done me by asking me to follow the distin- guished men who have appeared before-ou in previous years.I have been conscious -that one who enjoys the high privilege of-opening your winter session might well have had something less commonplace to offer you in return for the respect you- show him than such a paper as I mighlt write on the Acute Manifestations of-Chronic Disease.And yet I should like youa to accept this introduction' as an apology for my treatment of the subject, not for the subject itself, nor for the.selection of it, on an occasion like the present.I believe we, cannot too fully bring it home to ourselves that what we commonly call "acute disease" is in many instances nothing else than anacute illness in the course of a chronic disease.It is certain that this relation of acute to' chronib disease, whilst acknowledged:in a general way, is from one cause or other readily overlooked -or disregarded in our routine work, the acute element alone ibeing recognized,- the chronic element-the disease proper, possibly of'great gravity-ignored.What is even more,important, if the ignificance, of an acute illness be correctly--bse-ed;it is not a-lways appreciated in its practical bearirn.These arethe -different aspects in which I propose to introduce this subject to your notice.Let us examine it in these diferent aspects.If it be presented to you as clearly and fully as it deserves,Xit may serve to interest' you for' tan hour now, and prove of' practical service to you in thefuture.;I will try to make my contention clear: to you at, once by; means of a concrete illustration.A nmiddle-aged lady, of' good social position, and enjoying, as far as her many friends could see, excellent health, woke up one morning with pain in the abdomen and; was sick.She took an aperient, but still felt unwell.-On the third day ah-e went to a picnic, and the same night-became deflnitely-worse.the next morning she was seen by the doctor, who diagnosed appendicitis from the history and, symptoms,4and this opinion was confirmed the following, day by the-appearance of fullness in the right -iliac fossa, with tenderness somewhat above and behind McBurney's point.The temperature was
Loss of Osteoclasts Contributes to Development of Osteosarcoma Pulmonary Metastases
Authors: Liliana Endo-Munoz, Andrew Cumming, Danny Rickwood, Danielle Wilson, Claudia Cueva, Charlotte Ng, Geoffrey Strutton, A. Ian Cassady, Andreas Evdokiou, Scott Sommerville, Ian Dickinson, Alexander Guminski, Nicholas A. Saunders
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

We conducted a transcriptomic screen of osteosarcoma (OS) biopsies and found that expression of osteoclast-specific tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5/TRAP) is significantly downregulated in OS compared with nonmalignant bone (P < 0.0001). Moreover, lesions from OS patients with pulmonary metastases had 2-fold less ACP5/TRAP expression (P < 0.018) than lesions from patients without metastases. In addition, we found a direct correlation (P = 0.0166) between ACP5/TRAP expression and time to metastasis. Therefore, we examined whether metastasis-competent (MC) OS cells could induce loss of ACP5(+) osteoclasts and contribute to metastasis. We found that MC OS cell lines can inhibit osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, osteoclasts can inhibit the migration of MC OS cells in vitro. Finally, ablation of osteoclasts with zoledronic acid increases the number of metastatic lung lesions in an orthotopic OS model, whereas fulvestrant treatment increases osteoclast numbers and reduces metastatic lesions. These data indicate that the metastatic potential of OS is determined early in tumor development and that loss of osteoclasts in the primary lesion enhances OS metastasis.
Breathing techniques--adjunctive treatment modalities for asthma? A systematic review
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Breathing techniques are used by a large proportion of asthma sufferers. This systematic review was aimed at determining whether or not these interventions are effective. Four independent literature searches identified six randomized controlled trials. The results of these studies are not uniform. Collectively the data imply that physiotherapeutic breathing techniques may have some potential in benefiting patients with asthma. The safety issue has so far not been addressed satisfactorily. It is concluded that too few studies have been carried out to warrant firm judgements. Further rigorous trials should be carried out in order to redress this situation.
Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Are Attenuated by Deficiency of Stearoyl Coenzyme A Desaturase
Authors: Vladimir Savransky, Jonathan Jun, Jianguo Li, Ashika Nanayakkara, Shannon Fonti, Ann B. Moser, Kimberly E. Steele, Michael A. Schweitzer, Susheel P. Patil, Sanjay Bhanot, Alan R. Schwartz, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Obstructive sleep apnea leads to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and is associated with atherosclerosis. We have previously shown that C57BL/6J mice exposed to CIH and a high-cholesterol diet develop dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of the aorta, and upregulation of a hepatic enzyme of lipoprotein secretion, stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD-1). We hypothesized that (1) SCD-1 deficiency will prevent dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis during CIH; and (2) human OSA is associated with dyslipidemia and upregulation of hepatic SCD. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CIH or normoxia for 10 weeks while being treated with either SCD-1 or control antisense oligonucleotides. Obese human subjects underwent sleep study and bariatric surgery with intraoperative liver biopsy. In mice, hypoxia increased hepatic SCD-1 and plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and induced atherosclerosis lesions in the ascending aorta (the cross-section area of 156514+/-57408 microm(2)), and descending aorta (7.0+/-1.2% of the total aortic surface). In mice exposed to CIH and treated with SCD-1 antisense oligonucleotides, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in the ascending aorta were abolished, whereas lesions in the descending aorta showed 56% reduction. None of the mice exposed to normoxia developed atherosclerosis. In human subjects, hepatic SCD mRNA levels correlated with the degree of nocturnal hypoxemia (r=0.68, P=0.001). Patients exhibiting oxyhemoglobin desaturations at night showed higher plasma triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, compared to subjects without hypoxemia. In conclusion, CIH is associated with dyslipidemia and overexpression of hepatic SCD in both humans and mice alike; SCD-1 deficiency attenuates CIH-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice.
Association of waist circumference with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Nigerians, Jamaicans, and African-Americans.
Authors: I S Okosun, R S Cooper, C N Rotimi, B Osotimehin, T Forrester
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: Prior studies have supported that waist circumference correlates better with visceral adipose tissue and is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than are BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. In this study, we reexamine the role of waist size on the risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in African-origin populations from three contrasting environments. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 5,042 men and women 25-74 years of age from Nigeria, Jamaica, and the U.S. The relationship between waist, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose was assessed using multiple linear regression analyses. Logistic regression analyses using sex-specific empirical waist cut-points were used to determine the risks of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: Waist circumference was positively correlated with blood pressure and fasting blood glucose (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Increasing waist quartiles were significantly associated with higher risks of hypertension in the three populations, as estimated from age-adjusted odds ratios obtained from sex-specific logistic regression models. A highly elevated risk of type 2 diabetes-10-fold for Jamaican men and 23-fold for African-American women-was observed in the comparison of lowest to highest quartiles of waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial reduction in hypertension and diabetes in men and women is achievable if the waist size is decreased in these populations. Intervention programs designed to reduce waist circumference through lifestyle modification, including exercise and diet, may have significant public health significance in reducing the incidence of hypertension and adult-onset diabetes in these populations.
The Benefits of Estrogen To the Menopausal Woman Outweigh the Risks of Developing Endometrial Cancer
Authors: C. P. Morrow
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1984)

According to animal, human, and laboratory data, the major, life-threatening risks to the woman from exogenous estrogens are neoplastic and cardiovascular. These risks are, to some extent, related to dose, duration of therapy, and certain predisposing individual factors. Except for endometrial carcinoma, the risks have not been adequately studied and are therefore not defined. Because of their potential magnitude collectively, no intelligent assessment of the risk-benefit ratios can be can be carried out until the effect, if any, on the susceptibility for breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, and cardiovascular disease is determined.
Surgical stabilization of traumatic flail chest.
Authors: F Paris, V Tarazona, E Blasco, A Canto, M Casillas, J Pastor, M Paris, R Montero
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Since 1970 we have stabilized the ribs to correct paradoxical movement of the chest wall in chest injuries, using an original technique, in order to avoid as far as possible the need for long-term chest wall stabilization by intermittent positive pressure respiration (IPPR). The technical details of surgical stabilization are described, and the different types of stainless steel struts are shown. Type I was originally used either as an intramedullary nail or as an external brace. Types II and III were designed for external fixation of the strut to the rib. Treatment of 29 patients with severe flail chest, classified into four groups is shown: group I was treated by IPPR, group II by IPPR plus surgical stabilization, group III by surgical stabilization only, and group IV by surgical stabilization after exploratory thoracotomy. The clinical results are discussed. We conclude that surgical stabilization of the paradoxial movement of the chest wall can avoid the use of the respirator or at least reduce the interval of IPPR to a short period during the initial recovery from trauma. Using type III struts, we have obtained stabilization of the flail chest in all cases even in patients with severe anterior paradoxical movement. The patients' tolerance of surgical stainless steel struts was good.
The Inhibition of Arginase by <i>N</i>ω-Hydroxy-<scp>l</scp>-Arginine Controls the Growth of <i>Leishmania</i> Inside Macrophages
Authors: Virginia Iniesta, L. Carlos Gómez-Nieto, Inés Corraliza
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Polyamine synthesis from l-ornithine is essential for Leishmania growth. We have investigated the dependence of Leishmania infection on arginase, which generates l-ornithine, in macrophages from BALB/c, C57BL/6, and nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II)-deficient mouse strains. We have found that Nω-hydroxy-l-arginine (LOHA), a physiological inhibitor of arginase, controls cellular infection and also specifically inhibits arginase activity from Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum parasites. The effect was proportional to the course of infection, concentration dependent up to 100 μM, and achieved without an increase in nitrite levels of culture supernatants. Moreover, when the l-arginine metabolism of macrophages is diverted towards ornithine generation by interleukin 4–induced arginase I, parasite growth is promoted. This effect can be reversed by LOHA. Inhibition of NOS II by NG-methyl-l-arginine (LNMMA) restores the killing obtained in the presence of interferon (IFN)-γ plus lipolysaccharide (LPS), whereas the nitric oxide scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl (carboxy-PTIO) was without effect. However, exogenous l-ornithine almost completely inhibits parasite killing when added in the presence of LOHA to macrophages from NOS II–deficient mice or to BALB/c-infected cells activated with IFN-γ plus LPS. These results suggest that LOHA is an effector molecule involved in the control of Leishmania infection. In addition, macrophage arginase I induction by T helper cell type 2 cytokines could be a mechanism used by parasites to spread inside the host.
Ethics and Public Health Emergencies: Encouraging Responsibility
Authors: Matthew K. Wynia
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

The three primary ethical challenges in preparing for public health emergencies - addressing questions of rationing, restrictions and responsibilities - all entail confronting uncertainty. But the third, considering whether people and institutions will live up to their responsibilities in a crisis, is perhaps the hardest to predict and therefore plan for. The quintessential example of a responsibility during a public health emergency is that of health care professionals' obligation to continue caring for patients during epidemics. Historically, this 'duty to treat' has sometimes gone unrecognized or ignored, but it has also famously been adhered to, including during the recent SARS epidemic. And non-crisis examples of health professionals working in the face of personal risk are very common. The duty to treat should be circumscribed by several considerations, including the levels or risk and benefit at issue, the degree of public reliance on health professional action, and the nature of the individual health professional's acceptance of greater than usual risk. Examining the professional duty to treat and the legitimate questions it raises can provide insight into other actors' responsibilities. Public health ethics as well as professional ethics can help frame answers to some key questions: How strong are ethical responsibilities during crises? To whom do they apply? Should they be more explicit - and hence more circumscribed - or less explicit and hence largely aspirational? And how can public health policies encourage responsible actions?
The effect of BisGMA on cyclooxygenase-2 expression, PGE2 production and cytotoxicity via reactive oxygen species- and MEK/ERK-dependent and -independent pathways
Authors: Mei-Chi Chang, Li-Deh Lin, Chiu-Po Chan, Hsiao-Hua Chang, Lin-I. Chen, Hsueh-Jen Lin, Hung-Wei Yeh, Wan-Yu Tseng, Po-Shuen Lin, Chiu-Chun Lin, Jiiang-Huei Jeng
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Impact of parental history on patients' cardiovascular mortality in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L Björnådal, L Brandt, L Klareskog, J Askling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). This risk is influenced by the inflammatory activity of the rheumatoid arthritis as well as by traditional risk factors for CVD. However, little is known about whether or to what extent hereditary factors for CVD contribute additional risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <b>Objective:</b> To assess the clinical impact of a parental history of CVD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <b>Methods:</b> Population based cohort study of 10 805 Swedish patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged 16–67 years during follow up (1990–2000). Parents, and cardiovascular deaths among patients and parents, were identified through register linkages. Relative risk of death <i>v</i> the general population was assessed using standardised mortality ratios (SMR), which were compared by Poisson regression. <b>Results:</b> Rheumatoid patients with a parental history of fatal CVD had an SMR of death from CVD of 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 3.4). By contrast, rheumatoid patients without a parental history of fatal CVD had an SMR of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3). A parental death from CVD was associated with a 70% increase in the risk of fatal CVD in rheumatoid arthritis (SMR ratio = 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4), and an increase in the 10 year mortality from CVD from 5% to 10% in men and from 2% to 4% in women aged 50 to 67 years. <b>Conclusions:</b> Parental history of death from CVD is an important (and easily assessable) risk factor for fatal CVD in rheumatoid arthritis.
No Gene-Specific Optimization of Mutation Rate in Escherichia coli
Authors: X. Chen, J. Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Mutation rate is one of the most fundamental parameters in genetics and evolutionary biology because mutation rate has major impacts on the incidence of disease, the amount of genetic variation, and the rate and trajectory of evolution. Based on estimates of synonymous nucleotide diversity in Escherichia coli, a recent study claimed that the per-nucleotide mutation rate in a gene decreases with the rise of its expression level or the intensity of purifying selection and that this trend reflects adaptive risk management. Here, we demonstrate that this argument is theoretically untenable, especially in the lack of mechanisms that simultaneously tune the mutabilities of multiple genes with similar fractions of deleterious mutations. Analyzing published genome sequences of E. coli mutation accumulation lines, we show that mutation rates are actually higher in more highly expressed genes, similar to previous genome-wide observations in Salmonella typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the human germline. These general patterns likely arise from transcription-associated mutagenesis that exceeds transcription-coupled repair.
A pilot study examining injuries in elite gaelic footballers
Authors: F Cromwell, J Walsh, J Gormley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

To quantify injuries in elite gaelic footballers and to determine the nature, sites, and outcome of injuries and the possible risk factors involved.Information on injuries was collected from six elite gaelic football teams by a questionnaire. The footballers were asked to recall injuries over the preceding six month period.A total of 88 out of 107 subjects sustained injuries over the study period. Ninety five injuries were recorded, giving an incidence rate of 1.78 injuries per subject per year, of which 35% were recurring. It was found that 35% of injuries were sustained during training sessions. Lower body injuries predominated (77%), the ankle being the most commonly injured anatomic site. Most injuries were soft tissue in nature: muscle, 33%; ligament, 32%; tendon, 16%. The most common situations giving rise to injuries were collision (22%) and twist/turn (19%). Foul play only accounted for about 6% of injuries. Mean time off play as a result of injury was 17.3 days, and hospital admission was necessary for 15% of the injuries.Despite the limitations of a retrospective of this nature, the study provides useful and important information on injuries in gaelic footballers.
Ecological study of effect of breast feeding on infant mortality in Latin America
Authors: A. P Betran, M. de Onis, J. A Lauer, J. Villar
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the effect of exclusive breast feeding and partial breast feeding on infant mortality from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections in Latin America. <b>Design:</b> Attributable fraction analysis of national data on infant mortality and breast feeding. <b>Setting:</b> Latin America and the Caribbean. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Mortality from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections and nationally representative breastfeeding rates. <b>Results:</b> 55% of infant deaths from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections in Latin America are preventable by exclusive breast feeding among infants aged 0-3 months and partial breast feeding throughout the remainder of infancy. Among infants aged 0-3 months, 66% of deaths from these causes are preventable by exclusive breast feeding; among infants aged 4-11 months, 32% of such deaths are preventable by partial breast feeding. 13.9% of infant deaths from all causes are preventable by these breastfeeding patterns. The annual number of preventable deaths is about 52 000 for the region. <b>Conclusions:</b> Exclusive breast feeding of infants aged 0-3 months and partial breast feeding throughout the remainder of infancy could substantially reduce infant mortality in Latin America. Interventions to promote breast feeding should target younger infants. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Infant mortality is lower among breast fed than non-breast fed infants The reductions are greatest for deaths from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections <h3>What this study adds</h3> Exclusive breast feeding of infants aged 0-3 months and partial breast feeding for the remainder of the first year would prevent about 52 000 infant deaths a year in Latin America This corresponds to 13.9% of infant deaths from all causes Promotion of breast feeding has an important role in increasing survival of infants