tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Heparin-Precipitable Fraction of Human Plasma. II. Occurrence and Significance of the Fraction in Normal Individuals and in Various Disease States1
Authors: Richard T. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

The preceding paper (1) describes the isola- tion and some of the physical chemical character- istics of a fraction of human plasma which precipi- tates at low temperatures in the presence of hep- arin.Evidence was presented suggesting that the fraction is closely related to or associated with fibrinogen.This paper is concerned with an ac- count of the method routinely employed for estimating the fraction, and with a presentation of data obtained by this method in normal individuals of all ages, and serially in ill patients.Attempts have been made to correlate the changes in the component with other recognized measurements of inflammatory disease. MATERIALS AND METHODSMethod of estimating the heparin-precipitable com- ponent.In earlier studies (2) of the heparin-precipitable fraction (HPF), observations were recorded by gross estimation of the amount and density of precipitates ap- pearing in appropriately heparinized plasma after it had remained at 20 C for approximately 18 hours.Based upon preliminary experiments, an empirical method of measuring the precipitate was developed early in this investigation.Subsequent studies, presented in detail in the preceding paper, have suggested a number of pos- sible improvements in this technique.However, in order that uniform observations could be made, the procedure described in detail below was adopted and employed un- changed throughout the investigation.Five ml. of venous blood was taken from the fasting patient into a sterile rubber-stoppered glass tube con-
Amoxapine Overdosage-Reply
Authors: William G. Troutman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We can assure Drs Kulig and Rumack that the patient who had convulsions for nine hours promptly received maximal therapeutic doses of four anticonvulsants as well as neuromuscular blocking agents to control the major motor activity. Indeed, it was this difficulty controlling amoxapine-induced convulsive activity with rigorous medical management that focused our attention on the problem with this drug. Unfortunately, detailed descriptions of five severe cases were deleted in the editorial process. In the 16 months since our study ended, 18 amoxapine overdoses were reported to the National Capital Poison Center. Of these, seizures were noted in five cases (27.8%), with status epilepticus in four of these cases. One fatality occurred, two additional patients suffered permanent neurological impairment clearly caused by the amoxapine overdose (including an 18-month-old child), and one additional patient suffered a permanent frontal lobe deficit possibly related to amoxapine (other drugs were ingested). Thus, overall,
939 AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS: CASE SERIES REPORT OF PATIENTS ADMITTED TO AN INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT
Authors: M. Casal Moura, A.T. Nunes, E. Pereira, J.P. Araújo, I. Meirinho, C. Dias, P. Bettencourt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Selective IgA deficiency and Crohn's disease: report of two cases.
Authors: H J Hodgson, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1977)

Two patients are described with Crohn9s disease and selective IgA deficiency. Serum IgA was undetectable in each case, and immunoperoxidase studies of the lamina propria showed a gross diminution of IgA-bearing plasma cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes, however, showed normal numbers of IgA-bearing lymphocytes. The typical clinical course and histology in these two patients suggest that IgA-mediated responses in the mucosa are not involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn9s disease.
Regulation of Lymphocyte Function by Protein Phosphorylation
Authors: R M Perlmutter, S D Levin, M W Appleby, S J Anderson, J Alberola-Ila
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1993)

Variations in protein phosphorylation provide the predominant means of enzymatic regulation now known in biological systems, especially in the regulation of signal transduction from cell surface receptors. Analysis of these signaling pathways has proceeded especially rapidly in lymphocytes, in part because these cells can be isolated with relative ease and can in many cases be maintained in vitro for prolonged periods as clonal populations. During the past few years, both biochemical and genetic evidence has been adduced indicating that the antigen receptors of T and B lymphocytes associate functionally with nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases. Similar data implicate protein tyrosine kinases in signaling from the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors and the beta chain of the IL-2 receptor. Protein serine/threonine kinases and several different phosphatases also participate in the intracellular propagation of antigen receptor-derived signals. Here we review the lymphocyte surface receptors that are believed to act by altering protein phosphorylation, the kinases and phosphatases that are believed to regulate signal transduction in lymphocytes, and the implications of these results for the broader study of cell signaling mechanisms.
Abstract 3612: A novel and selective c-Met inhibitor against subcutaneous xenograft and othotopic brain tumor models
Authors: Yumin Cui, Guangxiu Dai, Yongxin Ren, Feng Zhou, Shiming Fan, Yang Sai, Yi Gu, James Yan, Jia Li, Weiguo Qing, Weiguo Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract HM5016504 is a novel, highly potent and selective c-Met inhibitor under development by HMPL. In preclinical studies, it demonstrated strong in vitro activity against c-Met and its downstream signaling targets, thus blocking the related cellular functions, including proliferation, migration, invasion, scattering and the secretion of VEGF that plays a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis. The cross-talk between c-Met and EGFR was investigated, and their contribution to downstream signaling cascade was identified in certain tumor cell lines with dysregulation of both c-Met and EGFR. HM5016504 could effectively inhibit the in vivo growth of a number of human tumor xenografts. Particularly, the tumor cells or xengorafts with high fold of c-Met gene amplification showed high sensitivity to HM5016504, such as gastric cancer SNU-5, Hs746T and lung cancer H1993 and EBC-1 cells or their respective xenografts. The compound not only showed activity in subcutaneous xenograft models, but also demonstrated efficacy in an orthotopic brain tumor model induced by U87MG, indicating it could pass blood brain barrier. In vitro and in vivo activities of HM5016504 were found to be closely correlated with the c-Met expression level and activation status. In addition, HM5016504 exhibited a reasonable pharmacokinetic profile and safety window based on the toxicology study results in rats, dogs, and monkeys. The pre-clinical study results suggest that HM5016504 could be a promising c-Met targeting anti-cancer agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3612. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3612
Community care is failing elderly people
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Britain's system of care in the community, acknowledged by the government to be inadequate for psychiatric patients, is also failing many elderly people. A report last week by the statutory Clinical Standards Advisory Group found that community health and social services were fragmented, confused, and underfunded, with unacceptable variations according to where people live.

The advisory group monitors the impact on clinical standards of the NHS reforms. Its findings of inequity and inadequacy in care …
False-Positive Hepatic Blood Pool SPECT Study for Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: AMJAD ALI, ROBERT BERG, ERNEST W. FORDHAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Radionuclide hepatic blood pool scintigraphy is an extremely sensitive and highly specific test in diagnosing cavernous hemangioma of the liver. The authors report a false-positive hepatic blood pool scintigram for hepatic hemangioma in a patient with liver metastasis from adenocarcinoma of colon.
The calcium-binding protein complex S100A8/A9 has a crucial role in controlling macrophage-mediated renal repair following ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Mark C. Dessing, Alessandra Tammaro, Wilco P. Pulskens, Gwendoline J. Teske, Loes M. Butter, Nike Claessen, Marco van Eijk, Tom van der Poll, Thomas Vogl, Johannes Roth, Sandrine Florquin, Jaklien C. Leemans
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Islet and Pancreatic Transplantation — Autoimmunity and Alloimmunity
Authors: George S. Eisenbarth, Mark Stegall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Given the autoimmune cause of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,1 the theoretical barriers to successful pancreatic and islet transplantation are autoimmunity (destruction of beta cells due to recurrent autoimmunity) and alloimmunity (rejection of transplanted tissue from a genetically different person).2 In this issue of the Journal, Tydén and coworkers provide evidence of the selective loss of beta cells in two patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in whom pancreatic allografts were rejected.3 Selective loss of the insulin-producing beta cells is the hallmark of autoimmune diabetes,4 and the islet cells that produce glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide are spared. Beta-cell loss in allografts raises . . .
Advice to Speakers
Authors: Preston J. Burnham
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Man is just now emerging from the wind and trees. You wonder at this? Very well, the earth has been here about 6 billion years. One might say we have gone a whole cycle—Washington speaks of and works in billions too! Seriously, the world supposedly cooled to a livable temperature in the first few billion years. This brought us to the Cambrian period. Something happened in the warm, mildly salty muck. Something swam. Something crawled out on the dry land, carrying the salty ocean plus some oxygen-bearing stuff in its blood stream. Clams, fish, amphibians, dinosaurs, and man began to inhabit the earth. Call the time from the appearance of the first living thing to the emergence of the first man-like thing 6 billion years. Stack this up to the height of the Empire State Building. Now put a nickle on top of that stack. The nickle
A4.1 Lumbar bone mineral density and long-term cardiovascular risk – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Claudiu Popescu, Alexandra Koşevoi-Tichie, Denisa Predeţeanu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Osteoporosis and cardiovascular morbidity are strongly associated with age and menopause. The study aimed to evaluate the association of cardiovascular risk (CVR), estimated using SCORE charts, with BMD measured using lumbar dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> We included female in-patients, who underwent a lumbar DXA measurement between January-June 2013, which revealed a T-score ≤ -2.5. The correlations of normally distributed data were assessed using Pearson coefficients and t tests respectively. For non-normally distributed data we used Spearman coefficients and Mann Whitney tests respectively. Differences between qualitative data were evaluated using χ<sup>2</sup> or Fisher tests where appropriate (SPSS v. 17). Statistical significance was stated if p &lt; 0.05. The predictive value was assessed using multiple linear regression models. Sensitivity and specificity were studied using ROC analysis. All patients gave informed consent. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 101 female patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All lumbar spine DXA measurements correlated significantly and negatively with the SCORE estimate (for example Z-score: r = - 0.468; p &lt; 0.001). When partial correlations were calculated controlling for age, none of the above correlations were significant (p &gt; 0.2). Instead, regardless of age, these bone variables correlated significantly and positively with height (for example LBM: r = 0.350; p &lt; 0.001), weight (for example BMD: r = 0.347; p &lt; 0.001) and with residence (in the sense that urban dwellers had significantly higher lumbar bone indices than rural patients; p &lt; 0.001). A regression model including height, weight and residence predicted the lumbar T-score (F = 12.6; p &lt; 0.001), explaining 28.7% of its variation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.287). The ROC area for lumbar bone mass and fragility fractures at the time of the DXA measurement was 0.795 (95% CI: 0.668 – 0.923; p &lt; 0.001). The fracture threshold was 29.7 g, with 71.4% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Osteoporosis and cardiovascular morbidity are independent variables which evolve separately in the context of ageing. A prospective study using whole body bone indices and better cardiovascular (surrogate) end-points would strengthen this conclusion. Romanian urban female patients exhibit better lumbar DXA bone indices compared to rural women.
Pulmonary Function and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Matthew B. Troshinsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To determine the relations among esophageal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, and lung involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis. Design: Retrospective review of esophageal motility, esophageal pH, and pulmonary function data. Setting: University hospital outpatient clinic and community. Patients: 39 consecutively referred patients who were grouped according to the presence or absence of abnormal distal (pH <4.0 for >5% of the 24-hour monitoring period) or proximal (pH <4.0 for >1% of the 24-hour period) gastroesophageal acid reflux. Patients were also grouped according to the presence or absence of distal esophageal peristalsis. Measurements: Esophageal manometry, dual-probe (distal and proximal) esophageal 24-hour pH measurements, and pulmonary function studies (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at 1 second, total lung capacity, and single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity [DLCO]). Results: The mean total lung capacity (values as percentage predicted) was 87.1% ±11.2% (SD) for patients with abnormal proximal reflux and 77.8% ±21.6% for patients with normal proximal reflux (difference, 9.3%; 95% CI, −1.4% to 20.0%). The mean forced vital capacity for these patients was 91.1% ±12.4% and 85.4% ±25.6%, respectively (difference, 5.7%; CI, −6.9% to 18.1%). The mean total lung capacity was 83.8% ±15.4% for patients with abnormal distal reflux and 77.9% ±22.7% for patients with normal distal reflux (difference, 5.9%; CI, −7.6% to 19.4%). Among potential confounders of pulmonary measures, only smoking was related to decreased pulmonary function (smoking related to decreased DLCO P < 0.01). Smoking was more common in patients with abnormal distal reflux than in those with normal distal reflux (65% compared with 25%, P = 0.03). After adjusting for smoking, the difference in mean DLCO between patients with abnormal compared with normal distal reflux was 7.19% (CI, −8.5% to 22.9%). Conclusion: Important measures of lung volume indicative of interstitial lung disease (total lung capacity, forced vital capacity) do not appear to be related to abnormal gastroesophageal acid reflux in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Smallpox vaccination confers long lasting immunity
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Immunity to smallpox after vaccination can be long lasting, suggests a study conducted by Oregon Health Sciences University researchers and presented at the meeting of the American Society for Microbiology in Washington, DC.

The finding will reassure people in the United States who are worried about bioterrorism, because it means that any attempt to induce a smallpox epidemic is likely to be of limited effect, as 95% of US citizens over the age of 35 years have been vaccinated against the virus.

Moreover, the finding may spur unvaccinated people to be vaccinated and reassure people who have opted not …
Voriconazole versus Amphotericin B for Primary Therapy of Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Raoul Herbrecht, David W. Denning, Thomas F. Patterson, John E. Bennett, Reginald E. Greene, Jörg-W. Oestmann, Winfried V. Kern, Kieren A. Marr, Patricia Ribaud, Olivier Lortholary, Richard Sylvester, Robert H. Rubin, John R. Wingard, Paul Stark, Christine Durand, Denis Caillot, Eckhard Thiel, Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar, Michael R. Hodges, Haran T. Schlamm, Peter F. Troke, Ben de Pauw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole that is active against aspergillus species. We conducted a randomized trial to compare voriconazole with amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis.
Studies on Zinc Deficiency: Changes in Trace Elements and Enzyme Activities in Tissues of Zinc-deficient Rats *
Authors: Ananda S. Prasad, Donald Oberleas, Paul Wolf, Jerome P. Horwitz, Ray Collins, Janice M. Vazquez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Zinc content of testes, bones, esophagus, kidneys, and muscles was decreased, whereas iron content was increased in the testes of zinc-deficient rats compared to restrictedly fed control rats. Histochemical enzyme determinations revealed reduced activities of certain enzymes in the testes, bones, esophagus, and kidneys. In the testes, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and NADH diaphorase; in the bones, LDH, MDH, ADH, and alkaline phosphatase; in the esophagus, MDH, ADH, and NADH diaphorase; and in the kidneys, MDH and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in zinc-deficient rats compared to restrictedly fed controls. Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) revealed no significant changes under the conditions of our experiments in various groups of rats that were investigated.
Effect of Montelukast and Fluticasone Propionate on Airway Mucosal Blood Flow in Asthma
Authors: Eliana S. Mendes, Michael A. Campos, Andres Hurtado, Adam Wanner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Asthma is associated with an increase in airway blood flow (Qaw), presumably as a manifestation of airway inflammation. We therefore determined the effect of the antiinflammatory agents montelukast (ML) and fluticasone propionate (FP) on Qaw in 12 patients with mild intermittent asthma. Using a double-blind approach, Qaw along with FEV(1) and Vmax(50) were determined before and after a 2-week treatment period with either ML (10 mg/day), FP (440 microg/day), or 10 mg of ML plus 440 microg of FP daily, separated by 2-week washout periods. Mean (+/- SEM) Qaw ranged from 68 +/- 4.2 to 71.8 +/- 5.9 microl x minute(-1) x ml(-1) anatomic dead space before the treatment periods. ML, FP, and ML plus FP decreased mean Qaw by 21.5, 20.8, and 26.9%, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed among the three regimens. FEV(1) and Vmax(50) were not changed by any of the treatments. We conclude that at the dosages used, ML and FP are equipotent in reducing Qaw in patients with mild asthma, and that the magnitude of the response is not greater if the two drugs are combined. The results also suggest that the vascular effects of these agents can be assessed independent of their effects on airway function.
Impaired CD4+ T cell stimulation of NK cell anti-fibrotic activity may contribute to accelerated liver fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV patients
Authors: Andreas Glässner, Marianne Eisenhardt, Pavlos Kokordelis, Benjamin Krämer, Franziska Wolter, Hans Dieter Nischalke, Christoph Boesecke, Tilman Sauerbruch, Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Ulrich Spengler, Jacob Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Irving A. Knight
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To  Editor.—  In  Council on Scientific Affairs' report that appeared in  Dec 7 issue ofThe Journal, 1  statement was made in reference to aspirated cyst fluid that the fluid itself should be sent for cytopathologic examination to exclude an intracystic cancer. I think that many, if not  great majority of, surgeons and pathologists would disagree; in fact, Devitt and Barr 2 recently referred to  cytological examination of aspirated cyst fluid as fruitless. In their review of seven cases of cystic breast malignant disorders, they noted that  diagnosis could be made in every instance by clinical means, ie,  presence of a residual or recurrent mass after aspiration and  nature of  fluid (bloody or peculiar). Cytology was performed in five of  seven patients whose cystic lesion were aspirated, with negative results found in three, suspicious findings in one, and a
Detection of rhinovirus RNA in lower airway cells during experimentally induced infection.
Authors: J E Gern, D M Galagan, N N Jarjour, E C Dick, W W Busse
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Rhinovirus (RV) infections are presumed to be localized to the upper airway, yet can cause severe lower airway symptoms in children and adults with asthma. To test the hypothesis that rhinovirus infection of the upper airway may be associated with the presence of virus in lower airway cells, we used the techniques of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blotting to detect RV RNA in lower airway cells from eight allergic volunteers experimentally infected with RV16. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done 1 mo before, and 2 and 4 d after an experimental infection with RV16. All subjects developed cold symptoms, and infection was confirmed by culturing RV16 from nasal secretions. Rhinovirus RNA was detected in both nasal lavage and lower airway cells from all eight subjects 2 to 4 d after an experimental inoculation, but not in any of the precold specimens from either the nose or the lower airway. These findings suggest that RV can infect cells of the lower airway, and raise the possibility that such an effect can promote asthma exacerbations in the susceptible host through direct enhancement of local inflammation.
Adenosine Enhances Neuroexcitability by Inhibiting a Slow Postspike Afterhyperpolarization in Rabbit Vagal Afferent Neurons
Authors: Holly R. Middlekauff, Andrea Doering, James N. Weiss
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Electrophysiological mechanisms by which adenosine may activate cardiac afferent neurons are unknown. Slow afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) follow action potentials in a subset of vagal C afferents, rendering them inexcitable. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that adenosine increases vagal neuronal excitability by blocking slow AHPs and to determine the adenosine receptor subtype mediating these effects. Methods and Results —Using the perforated patch-clamp technique, we identified cultured adult rabbit nodose ganglion cells with slow AHPs in current-clamp mode. Trains of 100 current pulses at 20% above threshold were injected, with an interspike interval of 100 ms, and the number of action potentials triggered were counted and reported as the action potential response rate. During adenosine (10 μmol/L), slow AHPs were suppressed and action potential response rate was augmented from 3.8±0.5% at baseline to 28±7% after adenosine ( P =0.0009). The selective A 2 -adenosine receptor agonist NECA but not the A 1 -adenosine agonist CCPA replicated the adenosine effect. The selective A 2A -adenosine antagonist ZM 241385 (10 nmol/L) but not the A 1 adenosine antagonist DPCPX (5 μmol/L) abolished the adenosine effect. We considered two alternative hypotheses: (1) A 2 -receptor–mediated suppression of I Ca leading to smaller increases in intracellular Ca during stimulation, resulting in less activation of I K(Ca) and consequent suppression of slow AHPs, or (2) A 2 -receptor–mediated elevation of cAMP directly suppressing slow AHPs. Under voltage-clamp conditions, adenosine did not significantly inhibit I Ca , making the latter hypothesis more likely. Conclusions —Adenosine inhibits slow AHPs in vagal afferent neurons. This effect is most likely caused by A 2A -receptor–mediated stimulation of cAMP production.