tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Repetitive Prenatal Glucocorticoids Improve Lung Function and Decrease Growth in Preterm Lambs
Authors: MACHIKO IKEGAMI, ALAN H. JOBE, JOHN NEWNHAM, DANIEL H. POLK, KAREN E. WILLET, PETER SLY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We evaluated the effects of multiple fetal exposures to glucocorticoids on postnatal lung function and growth. Ewes were randomized to receive 1 to 4 doses of 0.5 mg/kg betamethasone or saline placebo at 7 d intervals from 104 d to 118 d and at 124 d gestation. All lambs were delivered preterm at 125 d gestation, and postnatal lung function was evaluated. There were sequential improvements in compliance, ventilation efficiency, and lung volumes for two, three, and four doses of betamethasone. The maximal effect was a 150% increase in compliance and a 4-fold increase in lung volume after fetal exposure to four doses of betamethasone. However, birth weights decreased (15% after one dose, 19% after two doses, and 27% after three and four doses). There were no changes in lung to body weight ratios, lung dry to wet weight ratios, lung protein to body weight ratios, or lung hyaluronan content. Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure also altered postnatal cortisol, thyroid, and catecholamine plasma levels. Repetitive 7-d interval exposures of fetal lambs to glucocorticoids progressively enhanced postnatal lung function and resulted in growth and endocrine abnormalities.
Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Eugène P McFadden, Eugenio Stabile, Evelyn Regar, Edouard Cheneau, Andrew TL Ong, Timothy Kinnaird, William O Suddath, Neil J Weissman, Rebecca Torguson, Kenneth M Kent, August D Pichard, Lowell F Satler, Ron Waksman, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Clearance of serum creatine kinase activity
Authors: C J. CARLSON, W. MEISTER, B. EMILSON, L. B SHEINER, E. RAPAPORT, L. BIBLE, E. HOVMAND
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

There is confusion regarding the calculation of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity clearance from an elimination rate constant and a distribution volume derived from one- and two-compartment serum enzyme elimination models. We measured serum CK activity clearance from hepatic enzyme extraction and compared this direct measurement with clearance calculated assuming one- and two-compartment elimination models after bolus and constant infusions of a purified preparation of the MM isoenzyme of CK (MM-CK) activity. Although serum CK activity appears to confer on the body the characteristics of first-order disposition from two compartments, clearance is estimated equally well by one-, two-, and noncompartmental models of disposition and is essentially identical to the hepatic clearance of CK activity. As long as the rate constant and distribution volume are compatible and appropriate for a given elimination model, clearance, the product of the two, will be properly estimated regardless of the model chosen.
THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF TWO TYPES OF MULTI-NUCLEATED GIANT CELLS IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD
Authors: Claude E. Forkner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. It has been demonstrated that giant cells of the foreign body and epithelioid types can be induced to appear in the blood stream. 2. Evidence has been presented which indicates that foreign body giant cells are primarily formed by fusion of monocytes and that the fate of these giant cells is accomplished, at least in some instances, by a separation into the constituent elements. 3. Further evidence has been presented which lends support to the hypothesis that "epithelioid giant cells" reach their stage of evolution, not by fusion of monocytes, but by amitotic division of the nuclei of monocytes and epithelioid cells. 4. The presence of giant cells in the peripheral blood as the result of agar injections is almost invariably associated with, or preceded by a marked monocytosis in which the new monocytes are of large size and show evidence of immaturity. 5. Injections of agar into the tissues result in decreased absolute and percentage values of lymphocytes and a diminution of the specific granules in many of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 6. It would appear from these studies that a clear differentiation of "epithelioid giant cells" and "foreign body giant cells" in the blood is usually possible, but that on the other hand, a few cells may be present which have some of the characteristics of each type. These latter cells probably represent in their formation both a fusion of individual cells and an amitotic division of the nuclei of monocytes. 7. Clasmatocytes or macrophages have in rare instances been seen to take part in the formation of foreign body giant cells. At least one instance has been noted of the fusion of a clasmatocyte with several monocytes. No evidence is available to demonstrate that macrophages ever play a part in the formation of "epithelioid giant cells."
A Nuclear Receptor to Prevent Colon Cancer
Authors: G D Wu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

It is not often that two seemingly separate lines of investigation converge to yield both a new insight into the pathogenesis of a disease and possibilities for clinical applications. Such is the case with an article by He et al., who report that the chemopreventive effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on colorectal cancer involve the interaction of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor pathway and the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome-proliferator–activated receptor δ (PPARδ).1 Their study establishes a molecular link between the genetics of colonic neoplasia and the mechanism by which nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs can prevent colorectal cancer. This effect of . . .
Blade Balloon Atrial Septostomy in Patients With Severe Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Diane Kerstein, Paul S. Levy, Daphne T. Hsu, Allan J. Hordof, Welton M. Gersony, Robyn J. Barst
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Patients with severe primary pulmonary hypertension have a poor prognosis, but those with a patent foramen ovale may survive longer. A few reports of clinical improvement after blade balloon atrial septostomy in patients with severe pulmonary vascular disease have appeared. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of blade balloon atrial septostomy on clinical signs and symptoms, hemodynamics, and survival in patients with severe primary pulmonary hypertension.Blade balloon atrial septostomy was performed on 15 children and young adults with severe primary pulmonary hypertension. Despite maximal medical therapy, prior to septostomy all patients had recurrent syncope and 8 had severe right heart failure. Thirteen patients survived the procedure. After blade balloon atrial septostomy, no patient experienced further syncope, and signs and symptoms of right heart failure improved in all New York Heart Association Class IV patients. Within 24 hours after the procedure and at follow-up catheterization 7 to 27 months after septostomy, there was a significant increase in cardiac index, resulting in an increase in systemic oxygen transport. There was improved long-term survival in the 13 patients who survived blade balloon atrial septostomy compared with similar groups of primary pulmonary hypertension patients who received standard therapy (P < .05).Blade balloon atrial septostomy resulted in clinical and hemodynamic improvement and improved survival in selected patients with severe primary pulmonary hypertension.
None of our business?
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

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Her condition was intimate, embarrassing, and, it seemed, intractable. The various creams and tablets I had supplied over the past few months had been exposed as expensive placebos given only to punctuate the passage of time that cures so much of the primary care caseload. We both agreed it was high time for specialist referral.

She saw the top man at the nearest teaching hospital, who immediately referred her on to a research fellow with a special interest in the condition. She was offered personal follow up in a dedicated clinic, where she was invited to participate in a research trial sponsored …

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Ventricular Activation in the Pre-Excitation Syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White)
Authors: ROBERT P. GRANT, FRED B. TOMLINSON, JAMES K. VAN BUREN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Seventy cases of pre-excitation were studied by vector translating methods. Certain properties of the delta event are described that are useful in the recognition of this syndrome electrocardiographically. In about half the cases a ventricular conduction defect without QRS-interval prolongation was demonstrated to have accompanied the pre-excitation. The type of ventricular conduction defect produced depended upon the particular direction of spread of the pre-excitation wave. This and other findings are incompatible with the hypothesis that pre-excitation is due to accelerated atrioventricular conduction and favor the hypothesis that it is due to bridges, whether morphologic or electronic, between atria and ventricles.
1071. Potential Utility of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) as a Carrier for Ex Vivo Gene Therapy–Gene Transfer Efficiency of ASCs
Authors: Rei Ogawa, Hideki Hanawa, Yukihiko Hirai, Toshiyuki Kurai, Hiroshi Mizuno, Hiko Hyakusoku, Takashi Shimada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Immature pluripotent cells are important targets for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and gene therapy. In addition to bone marrow derived stromal cells (BSCs), we and others have demonstrated that adipose tissue derived stromal cells (ASCs) contain mesenchymal stem cells. Compared to well characterized BSCs, ASCs are easy to obtain, have relatively low donor site morbidity, and are available for harvest in large numbers. It was previously demonstrated that ASCs differentiate into a variety of cell lineages both in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we studied the gene transfer efficiency of ASCs to evaluate their potential utility as a carrier for cell-based gene therapy. Hereinafter, the term |[ldquo]|adipose-derived stromal cells|[rdquo]| is abbreviated to |[ldquo]|ASCs|[rdquo]|, and |[ldquo]|bone marrow-derived stromal cells|[rdquo]| to |[ldquo]|BSCs|[rdquo]|. Both types are considered to include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Locum histopathologist is struck off for clinical errors and lying
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A locum consultant histopathologist who committed a catalogue of clinical errors and lied to prospective employers about his previous job has been struck off by a panel of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

Ioannis Tosounidis, who qualified in Thessaloniki, Greece, in 2001, worked as a locum in autumn 2011 at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge and at Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital. Colleagues at both hospitals became concerned that Tosounidis was misdiagnosing samples.

Matters came to a head three months into his contract at Addenbrooke’s, when he was found to …
Comprehensive Health Care Reform
Authors: Doug Klamp
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 October 1990Comprehensive Health Care ReformDoug Klamp, MDDoug Klamp, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-8-639_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Not long after the American College of Physicians (ACP) announced its endorsement of comprehensive health care reform, the National Federation of Housestaff Organizations (NFHO) concluded debate on this issue and emerged with a similar endorsement for an equal-access health care system. Although we did not devise an entire plan, the NFHO decided on 17 general principles for a national health system similar to those put forth by the ACP but with a greater emphasis on the role of health education within a coordinated national health program.The NFHO represents organized resident physicians across the nation, with most...Reference1. GageAndrulisBeers LDV. America's Health Safety Net: A Report on the Situation of Public Hospitals in our Nation's Metropolitan Areas. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Public Hospitals; 1987. Available from the National Association of Public Hospitals, 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 635, Washington, D.C. 20004. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Health Care Task Force National Federation of Housestaff Organizations New York, NY 10016-8852 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1990Volume 113, Issue 8Page: 639-639KeywordsHealth care Issue Published: 15 October 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Changes in Grafted and Nongrafted Coronary Arteries Following Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafting
Authors: B. J. MAURER, A. OBERMAN, J. H. HOLT, N. T. KOUCHOUKOS, W. B. JONES, R. O. RUSSELL, T. JOSEPH REEVES
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Progression of disease in the native coronary arterial circulation was studied in 121 patients who underwent saphenous vein bypass graft surgery at the University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham, between 1969 and 1972, and who had a second coronary arteriogram at a mean interval of 11.7 months later. Two hundred thirteen arteries (10 triple, 74 double, 37 single) were grafted and 148 were not. Graft patency rate was 72%. Stenotic obstructive lesions in defined arterial segments and major branches were recorded for each artery at each examination. Pre and postoperative arteriograms were reviewed at the same time. Disease was expressed as "% stenosis" of each segment or branch examined. An arterial score, which was the sum of segments and branches seen on each occasion, was calculated for each artery and the scores were compared. New total occlusion, new obstructive lesions, and progression of pre-existing lesions were five times more frequent in grafted than in nongrafted arteries with comparable initial disease. New and progressive lesions were encountered with the same frequency in arteries with patent and occluded grafts. They occurred more frequently in segments proximal to the graft than in distal segments. Arteries with moderate (less than 75%) and arteries with severe (75-99%) stenosis had similar progression rates. Only 2% of segments of ungrafted arteries showed new total occlusions as compared to 60% of grafted arteries. The arterial score fell by 34% in grafted arteries and did not change in nongrafted arteries. These findings suggest that significantly fewer branches and segments of grafted arteries are seen following bypass grafting. New totally occlusive lesions are considerably more frequent in grafted than in nongrafted arteries and are not related to graft patency at one year after surgery. Disease progression in ungrafted vessels is relatively slow. These changes in the coronary arteries should be considered when assessing patients, particularly those with moderate degrees of stenosis, for bypass grafting.
Does Thrombosis Play a Major Role in the Development of Symptom-Producing Atherosclerotic Plaques?
Authors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Atherosclerotic plaquesIN 1852 Rokitansky proposed that atherosclerotic plaques resulted from the organization of thrombi.' Virchow2 disputed this view and since 19133 investigations of atherosclerosis, with some exceptions,4-12 have centered mainly around the role of lipids.Recently, attention has refocused on thrombi.'3-25Several observations suggest that atherosclerotic plaques result, at least in part, from the organization of thrombi:1) The presence of known components of thrombi-namely fibrin and platelets-within athe- rosclerotic plaques (fig. 1).2) The occurrence of known components of atherosclerotic plaques-namely foam cells, choles-
"Nonspecific" ST and T-Wave Changes
Authors: CHARLES K. FRIEDBERG, ALBERT ZAGER
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A study was made of 1,000 consecutive adult in-patient electrocardiograms to determine the possibility of making a more precise diagnosis than "nonspecific ST and T-wave changes." More than 50 per cent (209) of the 410 abnormal electrocardiograms (exclusive of arrhythmias) were characterized by nonspecific depression of ST segment or T wave inversion, or both. These 209 cases comprised four groups: (1) 46 patients (22 per cent) had received digitalis, which could account for the ST-T changes; (2) 57 patients (27 per cent) had had an acute episode of cardiac pain within 5 days prior to the electrocardiogram; (3) 57 patients (27 per cent) had had no recent cardiac pain but suffered from some disease that could be regarded as a possible cause for the ST-T changes; and (4) 49 patients (24 per cent) had no apparent cause for the electrocardiographic changes. In the last group, in contrast with the others, the ST-segment depression was less than 0.5 mm. and the T-wave inversion less than 1 mm. In patients with recent cardiac pain, as contrasted with those without such pain, the electrocardiograms were characterized by a combination of ST depression and T-wave inversion, with a depth of more than ½ mm. of the ST depression and more than 1 mm. inversion of the T wave, by isolated T-wave inversion of more than 2 mm. and especially by more than 5 mm. in the midprecordial leads, and by an ischemic contour of the ST segment that is depressed more than ½ mm. There was no definite difference in the electrocardiographic findings in the patients with recent cardiac pain of less than ½ hour and those with recent cardiac pain of more than ½ hour when the cases with transmural infarction (Q-wave changes) were excluded. This is compatible with the concept that the electrocardiogram usually does not distinguish between subendoeardial ischemia and subendocardial necrosis. The latter differentiation would depend on multiple clinical and laboratory findings.
Amaurosis fugax and carotid artery disease: indications for angiography.
Authors: L A Wilson, R W Russell
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A prospective study of 80 patients presenting with amaurosis fugax was performed in an attempt to relate clinical features to angiographic findings in the internal carotid artery. Carotid bruit, transient cerebral ischaemic attacks, hypertension, and claudication were associated with a high prevalence of angiographic abnormality. Every patient who showed all these features had an operable lesion, as did 88% of those who had three features. In patients over 50 years of age carotid stenosis and atheromatous ulceration were occasionally found in the absence of bruit and transient cerebral ischaemia, but only one patient aged under 50 had an operable lesion and no associated features. Clinical features were therefore valuable in predicting the outcome of angiography, but it seems prudent to restrict angiography to patients aged over 50, who are most likely to benefit from surgery on the carotid artery.
The Desert Locust
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Sometimes useful collaborators, sometimes implacable enemies, the insects may eventually conquer man in the war for survival. One of the great threats to mankind is the desert locust, whose swarms devastate huge areas of vegetation and bring near-starvation to millions. The Bible described plagues of locusts that may have occurred perhaps 3,500 years ago, and today the subject is still a critical one. Man's fight against the locust makes a fascinating story, one that will interest physicians and public health workers, biologists and the general reader. The author, Stanley Baron, is a journalist who has spent much time in African and Asian deserts, accompanying research workers in the field. He has written an intriguing story, absorbingly told, and the photographic illustrations add vividness to the printed word. The locust as a solitary individual does little damage and seems in reasonable balance with his environment, but when hundreds of millions of
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Tetanus
Authors: James S. Milledge
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Following the successful use of hyperbaric oxygen in<i>Clostridium welchii</i>infections, occasional cases of tetanus were treated by this method. The first series published was by Pascale et al<sup>1</sup>who reported dramatic improvement in most of their nine patients. Treatment consisted of one to three treatments of two hours' duration. No complications or difficulties were encountered and all except one patient appeared to make a rapid recovery. Other workers had rather less favorable experience. Winkel and Kroon<sup>2</sup>treated seven patients and considered the therapy to be moderately successful. Brummelkamp,<sup>3</sup>with seven patients, could not see any definite effect on their condition except for some relaxation of trismus. We report our experience of treating eight patients with tetanus: three neonates, three children, and two adults. These cases were all of severe tetanus, ie grade 4 or 5 of Patel and Joag's<sup>4</sup>classification, the spasms of which were
CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION AND CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS IN AORTAS OF RATS WITH RENAL HYPERTENSION*
Authors: M. M. Daly, Q. B. Deming, V. M. Raeff, L. M. Brun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Hypertension has been shown to increase the severity of atherosclerosis in both man and ex- perimental animals (1).Most observers attribute this effect of hypertension to local damage to the vessels produced by the augmented pressure or turbulence of the blood.This concept is supported by the more frequent occurrence and greater se- verity of atherosclerotic lesions at locations of high pressure or turbulence.It has also been sug- gested that high blood pressure increases the fil- tration of blood across arterial walls and, presumably, affords an opportunity for retention of lipid in the walls (2).The present report is concerned with two other factors that may affect the concentration of lipid in the aortas of hypertensive rats: the concentra- tion of lipid in the blood, and lipid synthesis in the aorta itself.Cholesterol concentrations were found to be significantly higher in aortas of hy- pertensive rats than in those of normotensive con- trols.This difference was observed when hyper- tensive animals had higher serum cholesterol lev- els than their controls, but the difference persisted when experimental conditions were adjusted so that the serum cholesterol levels were comparable in the two groups of animals.It was found that the rate of cholesterol synthesis in vitro is in- creased in the aortas of hypertensive rats.