tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimating the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the community: the comparative prevalence of symptoms at different anatomical sites, and the relation to social deprivation
Authors: M. Urwin, D. Symmons, T. Allison, T. Brammah, H. Busby, M. Roxby, A. Simmons, G. Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Epidemiologically-based rheumatology healthcare needs assessment requires an understanding of the incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the community, of the reasons why people consult in primary care, and of the proportion of people who would benefit from referral to secondary care and paramedical services. This paper reports the first phase of such a needs assessment exercise. <h3>SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE</h3> To estimate the relative frequency of musculoskeletal pain in different, and multiple, anatomical sites in the adult population. <h3>SETTING</h3> Three general practices in the former Tameside and Glossop Health Authority, Greater Manchester, UK, a predominantly urban area. <h3>DESIGN</h3> Population survey. <h3>METHODS</h3> An age and sex stratified sample of 6000 adults from the three practices was mailed a questionnaire that sought data on demographic factors, musculoskeletal symptoms (pain in the past month lasting for more than a week), and physical disability (using the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire- mHAQ). The areas of pain covered were neck, back, shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee, and multiple joints. The Carstairs index was used as a measure of social deprivation of the postcode sector in which the person lived. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The response rate after two reminders was 78.5%. Non-responders were more likely to live in areas of high social deprivation. People who lived in more deprived areas were also more likely to report musculoskeletal pain, especially backpain. After adjusting for social deprivation the rates of musculoskeletal pain did not differ between the practices and so their results were combined. After adjustment for social deprivation, the most common site of pain was back (23%; 95% CI 21, 25) followed by knee (19%; 95% CI 18, 21), and shoulder (16%; 95% CI 14, 17). The majority of subjects who reported pain had pain in more than one site. The prevalence of physical disability in the community rose with age. It was highest in those with multiple joint problems but was also high in those with isolated back or knee pain. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Musculoskeletal pain is common in the community. People who live in socially deprived areas have more musculoskeletal symptoms. Estimates of the overall burden of musculoskeletal pain that combine the results of site specific surveys will be too high, those that do not adjust for socioeconomic factors will be too low.
Hydrodilatation (distension arthrography): a long-term clinical outcome series
Authors: Lyn Watson, Andrea Bialocerkowski, Rodney Dalziel, Simon Balster, Frank Burke, Caroline Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Objectives: To describe and compare the medium to long-term effectiveness of hydrodilatation and post-hydrodilatation physiotherapy in patients with primary and secondary glenohumeral joint contracture associated with rotator cuff pathology. Methods: Patients with primary and secondary glenohumeral contractures associated with rotator cuff pathology were recruited into a 2-year study. They all underwent hydrodilatation, followed by a structured physiotherapy programme. Patients were assessed at baseline, 3 days, 1 week, 3 months, 1 year and 2 years after hydrodilatation with primary outcome measures (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Shoulder Disability Index and percentage rating of “normal” function; SD%) and secondary outcome measures (range of shoulder abduction, external rotation and hand behind back). Comparisons in recovery were made between the primary and secondary glenohumeral contracture groups at all timeframes and for all outcome measures. Results: A total of 53 patients (23 with primary and 30 with secondary glenohumeral contractures) were recruited into the study. At the 2-year follow-up, 12 patients dropped out from the study. At baseline, the two contracture groups were similar with respect to their demographic and physical characteristics. The two groups of patients recovered in a similar fashion over the 2-year follow-up period. A significant improvement was observed in all outcomes measures over this period (p&lt;0.01), so that both function and range of movement increased. The rate of improvement was dependent on the outcome measure that was used. Conclusions: Hydrodilatation and physiotherapy increase shoulder motion in individuals with primary and secondary glenohumeral joint contracture associated with rotator cuff pathology. This benefit continues to improve or is maintained in the long term, up to 2 years after hydrodilatation.
Synthetic chemerin-derived peptides suppress inflammation through ChemR23
Authors: Jenna L. Cash, Rosie Hart, Andreas Russ, John P.C. Dixon, William H. Colledge, Joanne Doran, Alan G. Hendrick, Mark B.L. Carlton, David R. Greaves
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Chemerin is a chemotactic protein that binds to the G protein–coupled receptor, ChemR23. We demonstrate that murine chemerin possesses potent antiinflammatory properties that are absolutely dependent on proteolytic processing. A series of peptides was designed, and only those identical to specific C-terminal chemerin sequences exerted antiinflammatory effects at picomolar concentrations in vitro. One of these, chemerin15 (C15; A140-A154), inhibited macrophage (MΦ) activation to a similar extent as proteolyzed chemerin, but exhibited reduced activity as a MΦ chemoattractant. Intraperitoneal administration of C15 (0.32 ng/kg) to mice before zymosan challenge conferred significant protection against zymosan-induced peritonitis, suppressing neutrophil (63%) and monocyte (62%) recruitment with a concomitant reduction in proinflammatory mediator expression. Importantly, C15 was unable to ameliorate zymosan-induced peritonitis in ChemR23−/− mice, demonstrating that C15's antiinflammatory effects are entirely ChemR23 dependent. In addition, administration of neutralizing anti-chemerin antibody before zymosan challenge resulted in a significant exacerbation of peritoneal inflammation (up to 170%), suggesting an important endogenous antiinflammatory role for chemerin-derived species. Collectively, these results show that chemerin-derived peptides may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases through ChemR23.
Cystic fibrosis: inflammatory response to infection with Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: J Hendry, J.s Elborn, L Nixon, D.j Shale, A.k Webb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Pulmonary colonization by Burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis (CF) may be associated with enhanced deterioration of pulmonary function. This may be due to a more florid host inflammatory response than in colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, leading to greater lung injury. Circulating markers of inflammation were determined during infective exacerbations and periods of clinical stability in an 18 month prospective study in adults with CF colonized by P. aeruginosa (n=41). B. cepacia (n=13) and in adults who intermittently grew B. cepacia (n=6). There were no differences between the levels of the inflammation markers measured in the three groups (P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia, B. cepacia intermittent) at any of the assessment points. When clinically stable, levels of inflammatory markers in all groups were elevated compared to a matched non-CF population, indicating, continuous inflammation and the potential for lung damage between infective exacerbations. This study does not support the hypothesis that pulmonary colonization with Burkholderia cepacia is associated with a heightened inflammatory response compared with Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization.
Incremental Value of the Pancreas Allograft to the Survival of Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Paolo R. Salvalaggio, Nino Dzebisashvili, Brett Pinsky, Mark A. Schnitzler, Thomas E. Burroughs, Ralph Graff, David A. Axelrod, Daniel C. Brennan, Krista L. Lentine
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

To quantify the incremental survival benefit of the pancreas allograft in simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant recipients.Data from the national transplant database from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed. SPK recipients who had functioning allografts to 1-year post transplant (n = 3,304) were compared with those who had failure of the renal (n = 233) or pancreatic (n = 112) graft. The main outcome was a projection of 10 life-years of patient survival beyond the first transplant anniversary.Recipients with function of both organs accrued 9.4 life-years following transplantation. Projected survival in patients with kidney failure was reduced to 2.5 life-years. Pancreas failure reduced predicted survival to 8 life-years. Renal allograft failure impacts life expectancy significantly (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 12.13). However, pancreas allograft failure was also associated with reduced survival (aHR 2.62).Although the majority of the survival benefit of SPK transplant is due to the renal transplant, pancreas allograft function does contribute to patient survival.
Adult acute erythroleukemia: an analysis of 91 patients treated at a single institution
Authors: F P S Santos, S Faderl, G Garcia-Manero, C Koller, M Beran, S O'Brien, S Pierce, E J Freireich, X Huang, G Borthakur, C Bueso-Ramos, M de Lima, M Keating, J Cortes, H Kantarjian, F Ravandi
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Tubular von Hippel-Lindau Knockout Protects against Rhabdomyolysis-Induced AKI
Authors: Michael Fähling, Susanne Mathia, Alexander Paliege, Robert Koesters, Ralf Mrowka, Harm Peters, Pontus Börje Persson, Hans-Hellmut Neumayer, Sebastian Bachmann, Christian Rosenberger
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Renal hypoxia occurs in AKI of various etiologies, but adaptation to hypoxia, mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), is incomplete in these conditions. Preconditional HIF activation protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, yet the mechanisms involved are largely unknown, and HIF-mediated renoprotection has not been examined in other causes of AKI. Here, we show that selective activation of HIF in renal tubules, through Pax8-rtTA–based inducible knockout of von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL-KO), protects from rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. In this model, HIF activation correlated inversely with tubular injury. Specifically, VHL deletion attenuated the increased levels of serum creatinine/urea, caspase-3 protein, and tubular necrosis induced by rhabdomyolysis in wild-type mice. Moreover, HIF activation in nephron segments at risk for injury occurred only in VHL-KO animals. At day 1 after rhabdomyolysis, when tubular injury may be reversible, the HIF-mediated renoprotection in VHL-KO mice was associated with activated glycolysis, cellular glucose uptake and utilization, autophagy, vasodilation, and proton removal, as demonstrated by quantitative PCR, pathway enrichment analysis, and immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, a HIF-mediated shift toward improved energy supply may protect against acute tubular injury in various forms of AKI.
Inhaled corticosteroids: no association with pregnancy induced hypertension in asthmatics
Authors: J Elder
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Martel M-J, Rey E, Beauchesne M-F, et al . Use of inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy and the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension: nested case control study. BMJ2005;330:230–3 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Asthma has been linked with an increased risk of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIHT), but it is unclear whether this association is due to medication or the condition itself. This nested case-control study selected a cohort of asthmatic pregnant women … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.38313.624352.8F%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15659480%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=330/7485/230&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F5%2F382.atom
Rules work on one representation; similarity compares two representations
Authors: Todd M. Bailey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Rules and similarity refer to qualitatively different processes. The classification of a stimulus by rules involves abstract and usually domain-specific knowledge operating primarily on the target representation. In contrast, similarity is a relation between the target representation and another representation of the same type. It is also useful to distinguish associationist processes as a third type of cognitive process.
Prophylactic antibiotics for burns patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: T. Avni, A. Levcovich, D. D Ad-El, L. Leibovici, M. Paul
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the evidence for prophylactic treatment with systemic antibiotics in burns patients. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials recruiting burns inpatients that compared antibiotic prophylaxis (systemic, non-absorbable, or topical) with placebo or no treatment. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Embase, conference proceedings, and bibliographies. No language, date, or publication status restrictions were imposed. <b>Review methods</b> Two reviewers independently extracted data. The primary outcome was all cause mortality. Risk or rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were pooled with a fixed effect model if no heterogeneity was present. <b>Results</b> 17 trials were included. Trials that assessed systemic antibiotic prophylaxis given for 4-14 days after admission showed a significant reduction in all cause mortality (risk ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.87, five trials). The corresponding number needed to treat was 8 (5 to 33), with a control event rate of 26%. Perioperative non-absorbable or topical antibiotics alone did not significantly affect mortality. There was a reduction in pneumonia with systemic prophylaxis and a reduction in wound infections with perioperative prophylaxis. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection or colonisation was reduced with anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. In three trials, resistance to the antibiotic used for prophylaxis significantly increased (rate ratio 2.84, 1.38 to 5.83). The overall methodological quality of the trials was poor. <b>Conclusions</b> Prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics has a beneficial effect in burns patients, but the methodological quality of the data is weak. As such prophylaxis is currently not recommended for patients with severe burns other than perioperatively, there is a need for randomised controlled trials to assess its use.
Immunization With Melan-A Peptide-Pulsed Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Plus Recombinant Human Interleukin-12 Induces Clinical Activity and T-Cell Responses in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Amy C. Peterson, Helena Harlin, Thomas F. Gajewski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Preclinical studies showed that immunization with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) loaded with tumor antigen peptides plus interleukin-12 (IL-12) induced CD8+ T-cell responses and tumor rejection. We recently determined that recombinant human (rh) IL-12 at 30 to 100 ng/kg is effective as a vaccine adjuvant in patients. A phase II study of immunization with Melan-A peptide-pulsed PBMC + rhIL-12 was conducted in 20 patients with advanced melanoma.Patients were HLA-A2-positive and had documented Melan-A expression. Immunization was performed every 3 weeks with clinical re-evaluation every three cycles. Immune responses were measured by ELISpot assay before and after treatment and through the first three cycles, and were correlated with clinical outcome.Most patients had received prior therapy and had visceral metastases. Nonetheless, two patients achieved a complete response, five patients achieved a minor or mixed response, and four patients had stable disease. The median survival was 12.25 months for all patients and was not yet reached for those with a normal lactate dehydrogenase. There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Measurement of specific CD8+ T-cell responses by direct ex vivo ELISpot revealed a significant increase in interferon gamma-producing T cells against Melan-A (P =.015) after vaccination, but not against an Epstein-Barr virus control peptide (P =.86). There was a correlation between the magnitude of the increase in Melan-A-specific cells and clinical response (P =.046).This immunization approach may be more straightforward than dendritic cell strategies and seems to have clinical activity that can be correlated to a biologic end point.
Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the general population
Authors: T M Kennedy, R H Jones, A P S Hungin, H O’Flanagan, P Kelly
Journal: Gut (1998)

Associations have been shown between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastro-oesophageal reflux, between gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma, and more recently between IBS and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR).To explore the inter-relations between these conditions.A randomly selected community sample of 4432 adults.A validated postal symptom questionnaire investigating the associations between IBS, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, and symptomatic BHR.3169 questionnaires (71.7% response) returned by 1451 men and 1718 women were analysed. One year prevalences, in men and women respectively, of IBS were 10.5% and 22.9%, of dyspepsia 26.3% and 25. 25%, of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms 29.4% and 28.2%, of BHR 13.2% and 14.6%, and of chronic bronchitis 8.3% and 4.9%. Logistic regression showed independent associations between IBS and BHR, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, and dyspepsia. There was no significant independent association between IBS and chronic bronchitis. In men and women the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) for IBS and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms was 2.6 (2.1-3.1; p<0.001) and for IBS and BHR 2.1 (1.7-2.7; p<0.001). These associations held on stratifying for sex and consultation behaviour. IBS, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness occurred more frequently together than expected, 2.5% (95% CI 2.41-2.57) of the sample having all three conditions compared with an expected prevalence of 0.7% (95% CI 0.66-0.71). The conditions were independently associated with each other.These observations may indicate the presence of an underlying disorder producing symptoms in gastrointestinal and respiratory systems.
If Histology Matters…
Authors: Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Juneko E. Grilley-Olson, Mark A. Socinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

breast cancer signatures comparing molecular classification with clinical outcome, their conclusions are based on retrospective data, somewhat limiting their clinical value.A greater limitation of this work is that the analyzed data sets were from patients who had not received trastuzumab therapy, the standard of care in patients with early HER2positive breast cancer and that has markedly changed the outlook of HER2-positive disease.Although they looked at a small trastuzumab neoadjuvant study, the sample size was too small to draw any conclusion.Therefore, we do not know whether the results of this signature would apply in patients treated with trastuzumab, because prognostic signatures may not necessarily be predictive of response to therapy, as suggested in the current data set in a subgroup with favorable prognosis that displayed high PI3K activation, an indicator of trastuzumab resistance. 8,9ersonalized medicine is about better therapies for the right patient.In the HER2 field, we have made remarkable strides in the introduction of novel therapies.To fulfill the promise of personalized care, it may now be the time to work on the other half of the equation, an improved understanding of the behavior of each individual HER2positive tumor.The identification of a subgroup of HER2 tumors with an improved prognosis could lead, for example, to the use of less aggressive chemotherapy or even to the administration of anti-HER therapies without chemotherapy or in combination with hormonal therapy.This work by Staaf et al 7 is an excellent starting point to help decipher the prognosis of different subsets of HER2-positive tumors.In conclusion, an HER2 signature may not be yet ready to be implemented in our daily clinical practice, but it will likely become an important tool in the care of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.So, the HER2 signature may not be ready to go to print, but it is almost in press.
Ryanodine and caffeine prevent ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rat heart.
Authors: F T Thandroyen, J McCarthy, K P Burton, L H Opie
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

This study investigates the possible role of oscillatory release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. We used ryanodine and caffeine, which are known to modulate the oscillatory release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum. During 30 minutes of left main coronary artery ligation, all 13 control hearts developed ventricular premature beats (number of beats, 225 +/- 51) and ventricular tachycardia (duration, 123 +/- 21 seconds); five hearts developed ventricular fibrillation. In a separate series of experiments, reperfusion after 15 minutes of coronary artery ligation caused ventricular fibrillation to occur within 15 seconds in all 12 hearts. Ryanodine (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) abolished ventricular arrhythmias during coronary artery ligation and prevented reperfusion ventricular fibrillation. Ryanodine (10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) M) caused 15%, 23%, and 74% decreases in the maximal rate of rise of left ventricular pressure development and 20%, 32%, and 85% decreases in the maximal rate of fall of left ventricular pressure development, respectively, prior to coronary artery ligation. During acute myocardial ischemia, ryanodine 10(-9) M maintained and 10(-8) M impaired left ventricular function; 10(-7) M caused left ventricular failure. Coronary perfusion rate did not increase during ischemia. Antiarrhythmic activity occurred independent of preservation of high energy phosphates, reduction in tissue lactate, or tissue cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the ischemic myocardium. Caffeine 10(2) M decreased the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during ischemia and upon reperfusion; protection occurred coincident with development of diastolic contracture. Caffeine increased ischemic tissue cyclic adenosine monophosphate content and worsened tissue energy status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)