tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed Consent for Tissue Research
Authors: Rebecca D. Pentz, Linda N. Young, Christopher I. Amos, Kenneth R. Hess, Qingy Wei, Mary R. Anderlik
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology: From Metaphor to Theory
Authors: Sonya Naryshkin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This elegant and scholarly work explores the contributions of Elie Metchnikoff to the development of modern immunology. The book was enlightening for me, because, although I am of Russian heritage and was an immunology fellow, I was not fully aware of the tremendous impact that Metchnikoff had on the field of immunology as we know it today. The lengthy but lively introduction includes a brief biography of the man who shared the Nobel Prize with Ehrlich in 1908. For Metchnikoff, science was religion, and he applied his basic biologic theories to his outlook on life in general. Interestingly, he published papers on psychological and sociological topics in addition to his important biologic works. The field of immunology arose in the 1880s from the converging arenas of microbiology, pathology, and comparative embryology. The basic concept of modern immunology, that of an active host defense afforded by cells of the phagocytic series,
Payment by Nonsmokers for Smoking-Related Illness
Authors: Blake Cady
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Cost consciousness prevails in medical discussions in 1985. The cost to society, and especially to nonsmokers, of the smoking habit in economic terms is pertinent, because this economic burden should be shifted entirely to those people who smoke in order to lighten the load for the majority of the population who practice a healthy life-style. In 1980, we estimated the medical care costs of smoking at $1.10 per package, or over 5 cents per cigarette. 1 An update in 1985 to account for inflation of medical costs seems appropriate, and is calculated in a similar fashion and reported here.  In 1984, Massachusetts had a population of 5 738 043. 2 Twenty-five percent of the population smokes, 3 or 1 434 511 people. This commonwealth imposed a tobacco tax of 26 cents per pack in 1984, which raised $174 973 000. 4 Thus, there were sold in Massachusetts
Delayed Development in ADHD
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unexpected Diagnosis of Acute Pyelonephritis as a Cause in Neonatal Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Using Ga-67 Citrate Scintigraphy
Authors: SERGEY BYKOV, IZAK GARTY, DIMITRY LUMELSKY, DAN MIRON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Bone scintigraphy is a sensitive tool for the early diagnosis of osteomyelitis. However, bone scans can show reduced or normal accumulation of the radiotracer, particularly in neonatal osteomyelitis. In the presence of a normal bone scan but a clinical suggestion of osteomyelitis, Ga-67 citrate may be helpful in the diagnosis of bone infection and its possible origin in distant organs. The authors describe a neonate with acute osteomyelitis of the humerus and septic arthritis of the shoulder with a nondiagnostic bone scan and positive Ga-67 citrate scan. The latter simultaneously demonstrated the humerus osteomyelitis and its previously undiagnosed origin—an infected kidney (acute pyelonephritis). FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A 14-day-old neonate was admitted with disuse of his left hand. Labor trauma could not be excluded. On admission, the patient was in a good general state, his temperature was normal, and there was left shoulder swelling with no erythema and there was upper extremity low tonus. The leukocyte count was 48,000, with 80% neutrophils. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 80 mm for the first hour. The results of a radiographic study of the left shoulder and humerus were normal. A bone scan also yielded normal findings. An insignificant asymmetry of the shoulder was noted, with no disease-related increased or decreased accumulation of the radiotracer.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: A Ga-67 scan showed increased uptake of the radiotracer in the proximal left humerus and left shoulder (upper arrow). In addition, an unexpected intensive uptake of Ga-67 in the right kidney was demonstrated (lower arrow). The scintigraphic findings were interpreted as osteomyelitis, secondary to previously undiagnosed pyelonephritis. The patient underwent surgical treatment, which confirmed the diagnoses of osteomyelitis and septic shoulder arthritis caused by gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia. The same organism was also detected in the urine culture.FIGURE 3Fig. 3: Direct cystography subsequently was performed and showed grade IV vesicoureteral reflux as a cause of the acute pyelonephritis.FIGURE 4Fig. 4: Tc-99m DMSA planar imaging (performed 7 months later) showed a shrunken right kidney, a late complication of acute pyelonephritis (arrow).
Abstract LB-112: Highly potent and selective interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 inhibitors for the therapy of lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Priscilla N. Kelly, Divya Chaudhary, Ryan M. Young, Art Shaffer, Shaughnessy Robinson, Donna L. Romero, Rosana Kapeller, Louis M. Staudt
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pathologic activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway underlies various human disorders such as autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases and lymphoid malignancies. Current therapy of these diseases relies on immunosuppressive or chemotherapeutic agents, but more effective therapies tailored to disease-causing mechanisms are required. The IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), is critical to TLR signaling and is recruited to TLRs by the adapter protein MyD88. Gain-of-function MYD88 mutations are activated by IRAK4 kinase in several mature B cell malignancies, including activated B-cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL). Development of selective IRAK4 kinase inhibitors has been confounded by the challenging structure of IRAK4 catalytic domain. Using structure-based drug design methodologies, we identified potent and selective IRAK4 kinase inhibitors. ABC DLBCL cell lines that specifically harbor activating MYD88 mutations are killed by these inhibitors, both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. Gene expression profiling revealed that IRAK4 kinase inhibitors downregulated prosurvival NF-κB signatures, and cytokine analysis showed a decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. Our findings open new possibilities for the therapy of malignant diseases that rely upon IRAK4 kinase. Citation Format: Priscilla N. Kelly, Divya Chaudhary, Ryan M. Young, Art Shaffer, Shaughnessy Robinson, Donna L. Romero, Rosana Kapeller, Louis M. Staudt. Highly potent and selective interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 inhibitors for the therapy of lymphoid malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-112. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-112
Antiangiogenic antithrombin down-regulates the expression of the proangiogenic heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan, in endothelial cells
Authors: Weiqing Zhang, Yung-Jen Chuang, Richard Swanson, Juan Li, Kyunga Seo, Lawrence Leung, Lester F. Lau, Steven T. Olson
Journal: Blood (2003)
On the Action of Medicines, Old and New
Authors: J. K. Spender
Journal: BMJ (1878)

TtIE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.285 probably lead to a rapid cure.In the third case, a middle-aged man suffers from dry, scaly, and very irritable patches about the flexor sides of the limbs.This is still eczema; but we learn that he has had similar patches on several previous occasions, and that he has had gout more than once.We know then that we have to treat chronic eczema in a gouty man, and we adapt our remedies to meet the case.In all these three instances, then, the name of the eruption is identical.In all three, we have to deal with eczema, but eczema of different kinds, and produced in very different ways.MIerely, then, to pronounce a skinaffection to be eczema is, I maintain, but a vey imizperfect diagnosis of the disease.We are so apt to be deceived by a mere name!The dia- gnosis of any malady is only valuable in as far as it leads to correct treatment and prognosis, and any method that stops short of this is a very imperfect one.In other words, the etiology of a disease is in many cases inseparable from the diagnosis.From what I have said, it will be inferred that I use the expression
The Evolution of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis
Authors: THOMAS M. KERKERING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Over 14 years 41 patients were diagnosed as having pulmonary cryptococcosis. Cryptococcus neoformans remained localized to the lung in 12 cases and disseminated in the remaining 29. Thirty-four patients were compromised hosts. Disseminated disease developed in 28 of these 34, and four of these 28 patients with disseminated disease presented with concomitant pulmonary and meningeal infections. In all the remaining 24 central nervous system involvement developed 2 to 20 weeks after the finding of an abnormal chest roentgenogram. Seven patients were normal hosts, and in six of these cases disease remained localized to the lung. Four important conclusions were drawn from this study: pulmonary cryptococcosis is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of an abnormal chest roentgenogram, thereby leading to missed diagnoses and therapeutic errors; the natural history of untreated pulmonary cryptococcosis in compromised hosts is extrapulmonic dissemination; compromised hosts with pulmonary cryptococcosis should receive antifungal therapy because of a high propensity for dissemination; and normal hosts in whom dissemination has been excluded generally do not need antifungal therapy.
Exercise release of cardiac natriuretic peptides is markedly enhanced when patients with coronary artery disease are treated medically by beta-blockers
Authors: Pierre-Yves Marie, Paul M Mertes, Nathalie Hassan-Sebbag, Nicole de Talence, Karim Djaballah, Wassila Djaballah, Johan Friberg, Pierre Olivier, Gilles Karcher, Faïez Zannad, Alain Bertrand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Sustained-Release Alfuzosin, Finasteride and the Combination of Both in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: F.M.J. Debruyne, A. Jardin, D. Colloi, L. Resel, W.P.J. Witjes, M.C. Delauche-Cavallier, C. McCarthy, C. Geffriaud-Ricouard
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Invasive Thymoma: Postoperative Mediastinal Irradiation, and Low-Dose Entire Hemithorax Irradiation in Patients with Pleural Dissemination
Authors: Chikao Sugie, Yuta Shibamoto, Chisa Ikeya-Hashizume, Hiroyuki Ogino, Shiho Ayakawa, Natsuo Tomita, Fumiya Baba, Hiromitsu Iwata, Masato Ito, Kyota Oda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Orchestrating the unfolded protein response in health and disease
Authors: Randal J. Kaufman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: endoplasmic reticulum (ER); unfolded protein response (UPR); basic leucine zipper (bZIP); UPR element (UPRE); endoplasmic reticulum stress response element (ERSE); site-1 protease (S1P); site-2 protease (S2P); sterol-response element-binding protein (SREBP); eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2); endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD); α1-proteinase
SHALL CONGRESS HAVE POWER OF LIFE AND DEATH OVER THE SICK?
Authors: Samuel W. Lambert
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Supreme Court has decided by a majority of 5 to 4, in the case of<i>Lambert</i>v.<i>Yellowley</i>, that Congress has power to limit the amount of whisky which a physician may prescribe for a patient to one pint in ten days, irrespective of the patient's condition or the physician's opinion as to the patient's needs. Previously the Supreme Court had decided by unanimous opinion, in the case of<i>Everard's Breweries</i>v.<i>Day</i>, that Congress has power to declare that malt liquors are without therapeutic value and may not be used as remedial agents by physicians. Under these decisions Congress becomes both pharmacologist and physician; Congress has power to decide what is and what is not medicine; Congress may fix by legislative fiat the dosage of remedies contained in the United States Pharmacopeia. And under these decisions, Congress may penalize any physician who dares to oppose
Straight hair associated with interferon-alfa plus ribavirin in hepatitis C infection
Authors: D. Bessis, M.S. Luong, P. Blanc, C. Chapoutot, D. Larrey, J-J. Guilhou, B. Guillot
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Sir, We have observed a curious and previously unreported manifestation characterized by a complete and acquired straightening of hair in two patients, HIV‐negative, receiving the combination of interferon α‐2b and ribavirin (tribavirin) for chronic hepatitis C. These two patients have natural curly hair and denied any hair cosmetic procedures or other medications at the time of diagnosis. Patient 1. The first patient, a 58‐year‐old white man, had been treated with recombinant interferon‐α 2b (3 million units, three times weekly) plus ribavirin (800 mg daily) in January, 1999. Three months later, he complained of diffuse thinning of scalp hair and changes in hair texture characterized by a progressive and complete straightening associated with a rough, straw‐like texture of the scalp, prethoracic, axillary, pubic and limb hairs. Significant increase in grey hair and eyebrow lengthening were also noted. After 11 months of treatment, interferon‐α and ribavirin were simultaneously discontinued because no biochemical and virological response was obtained. Six months later, progressive and spontaneous regrowth of initial curly hairs and regression of the eyebrow hypertrichosis were noted. Complete normalization of hair abnormalities was achieved 2 months later. Treatment with pegylated interferon‐α‐2b (110 µg (1·5 µg kg−1) per week) and ribavirin (800 mg daily) was initiated in October 2000. All the hair abnormalities recurred identically 3 months later. Light hair pull test was positive and trichogram noticed telogen effluvium with a telogen count of 40% (normal range 10–20%). Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed rare and mild variation in the diameter of the hair shafts at irregular intervals. Scalp biopsy specimen (vertical sections) demonstrated peribulbar accumulation of lymphocytes with exocytosis in the follicular epithelium (Fig. 1). Ferritinaemia, thyroid hormone, copper, zinc and selenium levels were normal.
Review: Transfer for PCI reduces 30-day mortality more than on-site thrombolysis in STEMI
Authors: David Massel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation De Luca G, Biondi-Zoccai G, Marino P. Transferring patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction for mechanical reperfusion: a meta-regression analysis of randomized trials. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;52:665-76. 19027496
“That's all I got handed over”
Authors: Myooran Sithamparanathan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

T he introduction of the European Working Time Directive has led to many UK hospitals moving from the traditional “firm” based system of working in hospitals to a full or partial shift pattern. The feasibility of shift systems hinges on safe and effective clinical handover. However, little guidance or support for clinicians participating in handover has been issued. The Department of Health's evaluation report Hospital at Night (see www.modern.nhs.uk/workingtime) highlights clinical handover as a “critical element of the model,” yet it recommends only that:

> Patients are bewildered by the number of times they have to explain the same things to different doctors 

The BMA paper Safe Handover: Safe Patients highlighted this potential problem in August 2004 and detailed a comprehensive plan of action to integrate safe handover into everyday working lives. Few of …
Proliferation deficiency of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19)-deficient diamond–Blackfan anemia improves following RPS19 gene transfer
Authors: Isao Hamaguchi, Johan Flygare, Hiroshi Nishiura, Ann C.M Brun, Andreas Ooka, Thomas Kiefer, Zhi Ma, Niklas Dahl, Johan Richter, Stefan Karlsson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by a specific deficiency in erythroid progenitors. Since some patients with DBA develop a reduction in thrombocytes and granulocytes with age, we asked whether multipotent hematopoietic progenitors from DBA patients had normal proliferative capacity in liquid expansion cultures. CD34+ cells derived from DBA patients showed deficient proliferation in liquid culture containing IL-3, IL-6, and SCF. Single CD34+ CD38− cells from DBA patients exhibited deficient proliferation recruitment in a limiting dilution assay containing IL-3, IL-6, SCF, Tpo, FL, and G-CSF or containing IL-3, IL-6, and SCF. Our findings suggest that the underlying hematopoietic defect in DBA may not be limited to the erythroid lineage. Since a fraction of DBA patients have a deficiency in ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), we constructed lentiviral vectors containing the RPS19 gene for overexpression in hematopoietic progenitors from RPS19-deficient DBA patients. Enforced expression of the RPS19 transgene improved the proliferation of CD34+ cells from DBA patients with RPS19 mutation. Similarly, enforced expression of RPS19 improved erythroid development of RPS19-deficient hematopoietic progenitors as determined by colony assays and erythroid differentiation cultures. These findings suggest that gene therapy for RPS19-deficient DBA is feasible.
Prevention of hepatic tumor metastases in rats with herpes viral vaccines and gamma-interferon.
Authors: H M Karpoff, M D'Angelica, S Blair, M D Brownlee, H Federoff, Y Fong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Previous studies showed that gammaIFN decreases metastatic hepatic tumor growth by stimulating Kupffer cells (KC). The present studies examine whether lymphocyte stimulation via cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF or IL-2 decreases hepatic tumor growth, and whether stimulation of both macrophages and lymphocytes is more effective than either individually. Rats were immunized with irradiated hepatoma cells transduced by herpes viral amplicon vectors containing the genes for GM-CSF, IL-2 or LacZ. On day 18, half of each group was treated with 5 x 10(4) U gammaIFN, or saline intraperitoneally for 3 d. On day 21, all rats received 5 x 10(5) hepatoma cells intrasplenically. On day 41, rats were killed and tumor nodules were counted. Separate rats underwent splenocyte and KC harvest for assessment of lymphocyte- and macrophage-mediated tumor cell kill in vitro. GM-CSF or IL-2 vaccines or gammaIFN decreased tumor nodules significantly (GM-CSF 13+/-4, IL-2 14+/-6 vs. control 75+/-24, P < 0.001). Combination therapy was more effective, and completely eliminated tumor in 4 of 12 IFN-GM-CSF and 8 of 11 IFN-IL-2 animals. Additional rats underwent partial hepatectomy, an immunosuppressive procedure known to accelerate the growth of hepatic tumor, following tumor challenge. Therapy was equally effective in this immunosuppressive setting. Vaccination is associated with enhancement of splenocyte-mediated tumoricidal activity, whereas the effect of gammaIFN is mediated by KC. GM-CSF and IL-2 vaccine therapy and pretreatment with gammaIFN represent effective strategies in reducing hepatic tumor. Combination therapy targets both lymphocytes and macrophages, and is more effective in reducing tumor than either therapy alone.
149 MAYO PROTOCOL FOR UNRESECTABLE CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA – EXPERIENCE OF THE IRISH TRANSPLANT UNIT
Authors: W.J. Cash, A. Coffey, B. Egan, E. McDermott, R. Leen, Z. Baker, E. Judge, A. McCormick, J. Hegarty, O. Traynor, J. Geoghan, D. Maguire
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
SOAPS AS FERMENT-INHIBITING AGENTS
Authors: James W. Jobling, William Petersen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. Sodium soaps prepared from olive oil, croton oil, cod-liver oil, linseed oil, etc., have the property of inhibiting the action of trypsin and leucoprotease. 2. The activity of these soaps is dependent upon the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids and is in proportion to their iodin value. 3. Saturation of the acids with a halogen (iodin) causes a loss of this property. 4. Soaps of the saturated fatty acids tested do not have this influence on ferments.
Hypermagnesaemia in Presence of Magnesium Depletion in Acute-on-chronic Renal Failure
Authors: P. Lim, O. T. Khoo
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A patient with renal failure developed hypermagnesaemia, with confusion, drowsiness, and dysarthria. Nevertheless, the dietary magnesium content was low, and investigation showed actual intracellular depletion of magnesium. The cause of this state is not known, though it is presumably connected with a failure to maintain the normal concentration gradient of magnesium across the cell wall. The clinical state and the serum magnesium level returned to normal after treatment with calcium gluconate.