tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thorax update for the 60th year (October 2005-September 2006)
Authors: J A Wedzicha, S L Johnston, D M Mitchell
Journal: Thorax (2006)

The Kilkari programme is being implemented by the Government of India in 13 states. Designed by BBC Media Action and scaled in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare from January 2016, Kilkari had provided mobile health information to over 10 million subscribers by the time BBC Media Action transitioned the service to the government in April 2019. Despite the reach of Kilkari in terms of the absolute number of subscribers, no longitudinal analysis of subscriber exposure to health information content over time has been conducted, which may underpin effectiveness and changes in health outcomes. In this analysis, we draw from call data records to explore exposure to the Kilkari programme in India for the 2018 cohort of subscribers. We start by assessing the timing of the first successful call answered by subscribers on entry to the programme during pregnancy or postpartum, and then assess call volume, delivery, answering and listening rates over time. Findings suggest that over half of subscribers answer their first call after childbirth, with the remaining starting in the pregnancy period. The system handles upwards of 1.2 million calls per day on average. On average, 50% of calls are picked up on the first call attempt, 76% by the third and 99.5% by the ninth call attempt. Among calls picked up, over 48% were listened to for at least 50% of the total content duration and 43% were listened to for at least 75%. This is the first analysis of its kind of a maternal mobile messaging programme at scale in India. Study analyses suggest that multiple call attempts may be required to reach subscribers. However, once answered, subscribers tend to listen the majority of the call—a figure consistent across states, over time, and by health content area.
Neutrophilic myelofibrosis presenting as philadelphia chromosome negative BCR non‐rearranged chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Keith Stewart, Kelvin C. Carstairs, Ian D. Dubé, Armand Keating
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Chronic myeloid leukemia consists of Philadelphia chromosome positive disease in 90% of cases, and a further 5%, although Philadelphia chromosome negative, exhibit bcr gene rearrangements consistent with the disease. The remaining 5% of cases have a heterogeneous clinical picture with a course unlike that of classical chronic myeloid leukemia, and may belong to different pathologic entities. We report five cases belonging to the latter group, initially identified as Philadelphia chromosome negative, bcr non-rearranged chronic myeloid leukemia, that developed progressive leucocytosis, absolute monocytosis, myelodysplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and had evidence of myelofibrosis. These cases may represent a distinct clinical entity characterized by neutrophilic myelofibrosis, which can be identified prospectively by clinical and pathologic criteria. Standard therapy for treating chronic myeloid leukemia or idiopathic myelofibrosis may not be appropriate for this group.
High levels of the adhesion molecule CD44 on leukemic cells generate acute myeloid leukemia relapse after withdrawal of the initial transforming event
Authors: R Quéré, S Andradottir, A C M Brun, R A Zubarev, G Karlsson, K Olsson, M Magnusson, J Cammenga, S Karlsson
Journal: Leukemia (2010)

Multiple genetic hits are detected in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To investigate this further, we developed a tetracycline-inducible mouse model of AML, in which the initial transforming event, overexpression of HOXA10, can be eliminated. Continuous overexpression of HOXA10 is required to generate AML in primary recipient mice, but is not essential for maintenance of the leukemia. Transplantation of AML to secondary recipients showed that in established leukemias, ∼80% of the leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) in bone marrow stopped proliferating upon withdrawal of HOXA10 overexpression. However, the population of LICs in primary recipients is heterogeneous, as ∼20% of the LICs induce leukemia in secondary recipients despite elimination of HOXA10-induced overexpression. Intrinsic genetic activation of several proto-oncogenes was observed in leukemic cells resistant to inactivation of the initial transformation event. Interestingly, high levels of the adhesion molecule CD44 on leukemic cells are essential to generate leukemia after removal of the primary event. This suggests that extrinsic niche-dependent factors are also involved in the host-dependent outgrowth of leukemias after withdrawal of HOXA10 overexpression event that initiates the leukemia.
Delta agent in nondrug addicts
Authors: Rafael Esteban, Maria Buti, Rosendo Jardi, Jamie Guardia, Ding-Shinn Chen, Ming-Yang Lai, Juei-Low Sung, George Papevangelou, Nicolaos Tassopoulos, Anastasia Roumeliotou-Karayannis, Clive Richardson
Journal: Hepatology (1985)
Technique for Hypophysectomy of the Mouse
Authors: El Bolkainy Mn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Journal Article Technique for Hypophysectomy of the Mouse Get access M. Nabil El Bolkainy M. Nabil El Bolkainy Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 30, Issue 5, May 1963, Pages 1077–1089, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/30.5.1077 Published: 01 May 1963 Article history Received: 23 January 1963 Published: 01 May 1963
Chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CX3CR1 differentially regulate functional responses of bone-marrow endothelial progenitors during atherosclerotic plaque regression
Authors: O. Herlea-Pana, L. Yao, J. Heuser-Baker, Q. Wang, Q. Wang, C. Georgescu, M.-H. Zou, J. Barlic-Dicen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsAtherosclerosis manifests itself as arterial plaques, which lead to heart attacks or stroke. Treatments supporting plaque regression are therefore aggressively pursued. Studies conducted in models in which hypercholesterolaemia is reversible, such as the Reversa mouse model we have employed in the current studies, will be instrumental for the development of such interventions. Using this model, we have shown that advanced atherosclerosis regression occurs when lipid lowering is used in combination with bone-marrow endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) treatment. However, it remains unclear how EPCs home to regressing plaques and how they augment atherosclerosis reversal. Here we identify molecules that support functional responses of EPCs during plaque resolution.
Early-diastolic left ventricular lengthening implies pulmonary hypertension-induced right ventricular decompensation
Authors: Joost Lumens, Theo Arts, J. Tim Marcus, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf, Tammo Delhaas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

AimsIn chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH), right ventricular (RV) failure is associated with shortening of the RV free wall (RVFW) beyond pulmonary valve closure, temporarily paralleled by pronounced lengthening of the left ventricular free wall (LVFW). We hypothesized that this early-diastolic LVFW lengthening is caused by altered RVFW myofibre function and may therefore serve as a non-invasive measure of PH-induced RV (dys)function.
Bayesian Phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7
Authors: Alexei J. Drummond, Marc A. Suchard, Dong Xie, Andrew Rambaut
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Computational evolutionary biology, statistical phylogenetics and coalescent-based population genetics are becoming increasingly central to the analysis and understanding of molecular sequence data. We present the Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis by Sampling Trees (BEAST) software package version 1.7, which implements a family of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for Bayesian phylogenetic inference, divergence time dating, coalescent analysis, phylogeography and related molecular evolutionary analyses. This package includes an enhanced graphical user interface program called Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Utility (BEAUti) that enables access to advanced models for molecular sequence and phenotypic trait evolution that were previously available to developers only. The package also provides new tools for visualizing and summarizing multispecies coalescent and phylogeographic analyses. BEAUti and BEAST 1.7 are open source under the GNU lesser general public license and available at http://beast-mcmc.googlecode.com and http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk
Medicine as performance: what can magicians teach doctors?
Authors: Daniel K Sokol
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

‘Mystery, magic and medicine: in the beginning they were one and the same’. So starts Howard Haggard's little book on the rise of scientific medicine.1 In centuries past, a medicine man in some aboriginal tribe might have extracted an unwelcome stone or bone from a patient after showing his hands empty, much as a modern day magician would pluck a sponge ball from a child's ear.2 Today, doctors and magicians have largely parted ways, operating in different environments and sharing only the ambition to leave the ‘client’ better off than when the two parties met. The doctor strives to improve health or prevent further deterioration, the magician to raise the spectator's spirits or instil a pleasurable sense of wonder. In this article, I ask if contemporary magicians still have something to teach doctors. In particular, I identify several key components of the art of magic and suggest that looking at doctoring through the lens of the magician may provide insights for the practising clinician.
Abstract 10890: Pioglitazone Ameliorates Vascular Lipid Accumulation in a Rat Model of Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Aiko Sakamoto, Yasushi Imai, Ryozo Nagai, Issei Komuro, Nobukazu Ishizaka
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: In an insulin resistant state, excess lipid may accumulate in various non-adipose tissues, leading to a histologic as well as functional damage. Peroxisome proliferator-activated recept...
Prolonged Drug Selection of Breast Cancer Cells and Enrichment of Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics
Authors: Anna Maria Calcagno, Crystal D. Salcido, Jean-Pierre Gillet, Chung-Pu Wu, Jennifer M. Fostel, Melanie D. Mumau, Michael M. Gottesman, Lyuba Varticovski, Suresh V. Ambudkar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Cancer stem cells are presumed to have virtually unlimited proliferative and self-renewal abilities and to be highly resistant to chemotherapy, a feature that is associated with overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters. We investigated whether prolonged continuous selection of cells for drug resistance enriches cultures for cancer stem-like cells.Cancer stem cells were defined as CD44+/CD24⁻ cells that could self-renew (ie, generate cells with the tumorigenic CD44+/CD24⁻ phenotype), differentiate, invade, and form tumors in vivo. We used doxorubicin-selected MCF-7/ADR cells, weakly tumorigenic parental MCF-7 cells, and MCF-7/MDR, an MCF-7 subline with forced expression of ABCB1 protein. Cells were examined for cell surface markers and side-population fractions by microarray and flow cytometry, with in vitro invasion assays, and for ability to form mammospheres. Xenograft tumors were generated in mice to examine tumorigenicity (n = 52). The mRNA expression of multidrug resistance genes was examined in putative cancer stem cells and pathway analysis of statistically significantly differentially expressed genes was performed. All statistical tests were two-sided.Pathway analysis showed that MCF-7/ADR cells express mRNAs from ABCB1 and other genes also found in breast cancer stem cells (eg, CD44, TGFB1, and SNAI1). MCF-7/ADR cells were highly invasive, formed mammospheres, and were tumorigenic in mice. In contrast to parental MCF-7 cells, more than 30% of MCF-7/ADR cells had a CD44+/CD24⁻ phenotype, could self-renew, and differentiate (ie, produce CD44+/CD24⁻ and CD44+/CD24+ cells) and overexpressed various multidrug resistance-linked genes (including ABCB1, CCNE1, and MMP9). MCF-7/ADR cells were statistically significantly more invasive in Matrigel than parental MCF-7 cells (MCF-7 cells = 0.82 cell per field and MCF-7/ADR = 7.51 cells per field, difference = 6.69 cells per field, 95% confidence interval = 4.82 to 8.55 cells per field, P < .001). No enrichment in the CD44+/CD24⁻ or CD133+ population was detected in MCF-7/MDR.The cell population with cancer stem cell characteristics increased after prolonged continuous selection for doxorubicin resistance.
A Validated Tumorgraft Model Reveals Activity of Dovitinib Against Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sharanya Sivanand, Samuel Peña-Llopis, Hong Zhao, Blanka Kucejova, Patrick Spence, Andrea Pavia-Jimenez, Toshinari Yamasaki, David J. McBride, Jessica Gillen, Nicholas C. Wolff, Lorraine Morlock, Yair Lotan, Ganesh V. Raj, Arthur Sagalowsky, Vitaly Margulis, Jeffrey A. Cadeddu, Mark T. Ross, David R. Bentley, Wareef Kabbani, Xian-Jin Xie, Payal Kapur, Noelle S. Williams, James Brugarolas
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Most anticancer drugs entering clinical trials fail to achieve approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Drug development is hampered by the lack of preclinical models with therapeutic predictive value. Herein, we report the development and validation of a tumorgraft model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its application to the evaluation of an experimental drug. Tumor samples from 94 patients were implanted in the kidneys of mice without additives or disaggregation. Tumors from 35 of these patients formed tumorgrafts, and 16 stable lines were established. Samples from metastatic sites engrafted at higher frequency than those from primary tumors, and stable engraftment of primary tumors in mice correlated with decreased patient survival. Tumorgrafts retained the histology, gene expression, DNA copy number alterations, and more than 90% of the protein-coding gene mutations of the corresponding tumors. As determined by the induction of hypercalcemia in tumorgraft-bearing mice, tumorgrafts retained the ability to induce paraneoplastic syndromes. In studies simulating drug exposures in patients, RCC tumorgraft growth was inhibited by sunitinib and sirolimus (the active metabolite of temsirolimus in humans), but not by erlotinib, which was used as a control. Dovitinib, a drug in clinical development, showed greater activity than sunitinib and sirolimus. The routine incorporation of models recapitulating the molecular genetics and drug sensitivities of human tumors into preclinical programs has the potential to improve oncology drug development.
Aberrant in Vivo T Helper Type 2 Cell Response and Impaired Eosinophil Recruitment in Cc Chemokine Receptor 8 Knockout Mice
Authors: Stephen W. Chensue, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Tong-Yuan Yang, Xiaozhou Shang, Kirsten A. Frait, Steven L. Kunkel, Ted Kung, Maria T. Wiekowski, Joseph A. Hedrick, Donald N. Cook, Alessandra Zingoni, Satwant K. Narula, Albert Zlotnik, Franck J. Barrat, Anne O'Garra, Monica Napolitano, Sergio A. Lira
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Chemokine receptors transduce signals important for the function and trafficking of leukocytes. Recently, it has been shown that CC chemokine receptor (CCR)8 is selectively expressed by Th2 subsets, but its functional relevance is unclear. To address the biological role of CCR8, we generated CCR8 deficient (−/−) mice. Here we report defective T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses in vivo in CCR8−/− mice in models of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA)-induced granuloma formation as well as ovalbumin (OVA)- and cockroach antigen (CRA)-induced allergic airway inflammation. In these mice, the response to SEA, OVA, and CRA showed impaired Th2 cytokine production that was associated with aberrant type 2 inflammation displaying a 50 to 80% reduction in eosinophils. In contrast, a prototypical Th1 immune response, elicited by Mycobacteria bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) was unaffected by CCR8 deficiency. Mechanistic analyses indicated that Th2 cells developed normally and that the reduction in eosinophil recruitment was likely due to systemic reduction in interleukin 5. These results indicate an important role for CCR8 in Th2 functional responses in vivo.
Case of Enteritis, with Observations
Authors: J. C. Badeley
Journal: BMJ (1846)

pulse 140; leg very much inflamed and swollen.She was relieved by leeches and -purging.The epidemic was not limited to human subjects, for it certainly presented itself also as an epizootic.Amongst horses this was remarkably the case.Im my ,own neighbourhood a groom showed me a valuable ,horse, evidently labouring under fever, and the veterinary surgeon in attendance told himn that he never saw so much fever amongst these quadrupeds.The symptoms were,-head hot; thirst; prostration of strength; eyes suffused; submaxillary pulse, up to 60 or 70; rolling about of liead, and running backwards in his box, or beating the lead against the hayrack or manger.It is singular that the essential cha- racters of the epidemic should be observed also in the episootic, in the correspondence of certain symptoms, particularly the head-attack.(To be continued.
Influence of data display formats on physician investigators' decisions to stop clinical trials: prospective trial with repeated measures
Authors: L. S Elting, C. G Martin, S. B Cantor, E. B Rubenstein
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the effect of the method of data display on physician investigators9 decisions to stop hypothetical clinical trials for an unplanned statistical analysis. <b>Design:</b> Prospective, mixed model design with variables between subjects and within subjects (repeated measures). <b>Setting:</b> Comprehensive cancer centre. <b>Participants:</b> 34 physicians, stratified by academic rank, who were conducting clinical trials. <b>Interventions:</b>Participants were shown tables, pie charts, bar graphs, and icon displays containing hypothetical data from a clinical trial and were asked to decide whether to continue the trial or stop for an unplanned statistical analysis. <b>Main outcome measure:</b>Percentage of accurate decisions with each type of display. <b>Results:</b> Accuracy of decisions was affected by the type of data display and positive or negative framing of the data. More correct decisions were made with icon displays than with tables, pie charts, and bar graphs (82% <i>v</i> 68%, 56%, and 43%, respectively; P=0.03) and when data were negatively framed rather than positively framed in tables (93% <i>v</i> 47%; P=0.004). <b>Conclusions:</b> Clinical investigators9 decisions can be affected by factors unrelated to the actual data. In the design of clinical trials information systems, careful consideration should be given to the method by which data are framed and displayed in order to reduce the impact of these extraneous factors.
Adding ultrasound to mammography could increase breast cancer detection in Asian women
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Adding ultrasound to standard mammography for breast screening could improve rates of breast cancer detection in Asian women, a Japanese study has found.

The incidence of breast cancer has been increasing steadily in Japan and other Asian countries over the past three decades. Asian women generally have higher density breast tissue than women from other ethnic groups, and the age specific incidence of breast cancer peaks at 40-49 years in Asian women compared with 60-69 years in non-Asian women. Unfortunately the effectiveness of mammography as a population breast …
Kinetics of Bone Marrow Eosinophilopoiesis and Associated Cytokines after Allergen Inhalation
Authors: Sandra C. Dorman, Roma Sehmi, Gail M. Gauvreau, Rick M. Watson, Ronan Foley, Graham L. Jones, Judah A. Denburg, Mark D. Inman, Paul M. O'Byrne
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Allergen inhalation is associated with increased eosinophil/basophil progenitors in bone marrow 24 hours after allergen inhalation. This study examined the kinetics of eosinophilopoiesis in dual (n = 14), compared with isolated early, responders (n = 12). Dual responders, in contrast to isolated early responders, develop significant sputum and blood eosinophilia and prolonged airway hyperresponsiveness. Bone marrow aspirates were taken before and 5, 12, 24, and 48 hours after allergen inhalation. In dual responders, increases in interleukin (IL)-3-responsive progenitors were detected as early as 5 hours after allergen inhalation, and IL-5-responsive progenitors were detected at 12 and 24 hours. No changes were detected in isolated early responders. Bone marrow IL-5 protein levels increased at 12 and 24 hours in dual responders only and these increases correlated with increases in IL-5-responsive progenitors. In addition, bone marrow IFN-gamma levels increased in dual responders at 48 hours. These data demonstrate that, in dual responders, there is allergen-induced activation of an eosinophilopoietic process that is rapid and sustained, and a relationship between increased bone marrow IL-5 levels and increased eosinophil production. We propose that after allergen inhalation, time-dependent changes in cytokine levels in the bone marrow control differentiation of eosinophil/basophil progenitors.
Crackles: recording, analysis and clinical significance
Authors: P Piirila, AR Sovijarvi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Crackles are short interrupted breath sounds usually associated with pulmonary disorders. According to present opinion, a crackle is generated when an abnormally closed airway opens during inspiration or closes at the end of expiration. The timing of crackles in breathing cycles can be assessed with phonopneumography, their duration with time-expanded waveform analysis, and their pitch with analysis of frequency spectra. The timing, pitch and waveform of crackles are different in pulmonary disorders reflecting different pulmonary pathophysiology. This review deals with the genesis, auscultation, recording and analysis of crackles, with an emphasis on modern signal-processing methods.
IL-7 is a potent and proviral strain–specific inducer of latent HIV-1 cellular reservoirs of infected individuals on virally suppressive HAART
Authors: Feng-Xiang Wang, Yan Xu, Julie Sullivan, Emily Souder, Elias G. Argyris, Edward A. Acheampong, Jaime Fisher, Maria Sierra, Michael M. Thomson, Rafael Najera, Ian Frank, Joseph Kulkosky, Roger J. Pomerantz, Giuseppe Nunnari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The persistence of HIV-1 in virally suppressed infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains a major therapeutic problem. The use of cytokines has been envisioned as an additional therapeutic strategy to stimulate latent proviruses in these individuals. Immune activation therapy using IL-2 has shown some promise. In the present study, we found that IL-7 was significantly more effective at enhancing HIV-1 proviral reactivation than either IL-2 alone or IL-2 combined with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in CD8-depleted PBMCs. IL-7 also showed a positive trend for inducing proviral reactivation from resting CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1–infected patients on suppressive HAART. Moreover, the phylogenetic analyses of viral envelope gp120 genes from induced viruses indicated that distinct proviral quasispecies had been activated by IL-7, as compared with those activated by the PHA/IL-2 treatment. These studies thus demonstrate that different activators of proviral latency may perturb and potentially deplete only selected, specific portions of the proviral archive in virally suppressed individuals. The known immunomodulatory effects of IL-7 could be combined with its ability to stimulate HIV-1 replication from resting CD4+ T lymphocytes, in addition to other moieties, to potentially deplete HIV-1 reservoirs and lead to the rational design of immune-antiretroviral approaches.