tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid. Adjunct therapy to a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia
Authors: L. P. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid was examined for its ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. Seventy-five patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia were evaluated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. Patients were treated with a Step I diet for 12 weeks before receiving placebo or 3.4 g of psyllium (equivalent to 1 teaspoon) three times per day for 8 weeks. Compared with placebo, psyllium achieved an additional 4.8% reduction in total cholesterol level, 8.2% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and 8.8% reduction in apolipoprotein B level. Psyllium did not significantly affect blood pressure or levels of high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, serum glucose, or iron. Reported adherence to diet and treatment was excellent, and no significant adverse side effects were noted. These results indicate psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid is an effective and well-tolerated adjunct to diet in the management of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Food industry obfuscates healthy eating message
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Food giants are going to enormous lengths to obfuscate US government health messages on healthy eating, according to a recent symposium held in Washington, DC, by a consumer advocacy group, the Center for Science in the Public Interest, on how corporations seek to influence science and science policy.

“Food is big business, $1.3 trillion [£0.8 trillion; €1.2 trillion] in revenue yearly,” said Dr Marion Nestle from the department of food and nutrition studies, New York University. “It supplies an average of 3900 kilocalories [16.3MJ] daily [the recommended daily intake is 2200-2500 kilocalories …
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome in a man
Authors: Stéphanie Rouhard, Philippe Maldague, Adrien Ramboux
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 45-year-old man was admitted for pain in the upper right abdominal quadrant that had been evolving for months. His previous medical history was unremarkable. The physical examination showed a painful and tense abdomen in the right hypochondrium but the rest was pain free. Biological analysis showed an inflammatory syndrome (C-reactive protein 29.54 mg/L). Liver enzymology and urine and blood culture were negative. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan ([Fig. 1]) showed the presence of fluid in the perihepatic space, the right paracolic gutter, and the Douglas cul-de-sac. Celioscopy ([Fig. 2]) showed an inflamed liver parietal peritoneum with "violin string" adhesions, which are specific for Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome [1] [2].
Diagnostic Value of the Configuration of the Transaortic Pressure Gradient for the Differentiation Between Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis and the Discrete Forms of Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction.
Authors: Dean T. Mason
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Diagnostic Value of the Configuration of the Transaortic Pressure Gradient for the Differentiation Between Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis and the Discrete Forms of Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction.Dean T. Mason, M.D., F.A.C.P., Lawrence S. Cohen, M.D., James F. Spann Jr., M.D., Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P.Dean T. Mason, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Lawrence S. Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James F. Spann Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1159_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince the obstruction in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) is dynamic, whereas that in discrete aortic stenosis (AS) is fixed, it was considered that the shape of the transaortic pressure gradient might be altered in IHSS and, thereby, provide a means of differentiating these two conditions. In 22 patients with IHSS the peak of the arterial pulse always occurred in the initial half of the systolic ejection period, while in 37 of 40 patients with AS it appeared in the final half. Peak left ventricular pressure was delayed significantly (P< 0.01) in IHSS compared to AS; the interval from... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDifferential diagnosis of type and severity of obstruction to left ventricular outflow 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1159-1159KeywordsHeart rateStenosis Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Working memory retention systems: A state of activated long-term memory
Authors: Daniel S. Ruchkin, Jordan Grafman, Katherine Cameron, Rita S. Berndt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

High temporal resolution event-related brain potential and electroencephalographic coherence studies of the neural substrate of short-term storage in working memory indicate that the sustained coactivation of both prefrontal cortex and the posterior cortical systems that participate in the initial perception and comprehension of the retained information are involved in its storage. These studies further show that short-term storage mechanisms involve an increase in neural synchrony between prefrontal cortex and posterior cortex and the enhanced activation of long-term memory representations of material held in short-term memory. This activation begins during the encoding/comprehension phase and evidently is prolonged into the retention phase by attentional drive from prefrontal cortex control systems. A parsimonious interpretation of these findings is that the long-term memory systems associated with the posterior cortical processors provide the necessary representational basis for working memory, with the property of short-term memory decay being primarily due to the posterior system. In this view, there is no reason to posit specialized neural systems whose functions are limited to those of short-term storage buffers. Prefrontal cortex provides the attentional pointer system for maintaining activation in the appropriate posterior processing systems. Short-term memory capacity and phenomena such as displacement of information in short-term memory are determined by limitations on the number of pointers that can be sustained by the prefrontal control systems.
Tuberculin Skin Test Screening Practices Among US Colleges and Universities
Authors: Karen A. Hennessey
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Concern about transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on college campuses has prompted some schools to institute tuberculin skin test screening of students, but this screening has never been evaluated.Objective.-Todescribe tuberculin skin test screening practices and results of screening in colleges and universities in the United States.Design and Setting.-Self-administeredmail and telephone questionnaire in November and December 1995 to a stratified random sample of US 2-year and 4year colleges and universities.Main Outcome Measures.-Type of tuberculin screening required; types of schools requiring screening; number and rate of students with positive skin test results and/or diagnosed as having tuberculosis.Results.-Of the 3148 US colleges and universities, 624 (78%) of 796 schools surveyed responded.Overall, 378 schools (61%) required tuberculin screening; it was required for all new students (US residents and international students) in 161 (26%) of 624 schools, all new international students but not new US residents in 53 (8%), and students in specific academic programs in 294 (47%).Required screening was more likely in 4-year vs 2-year schools, schools that belonged to the American College Health Association vs nonmember schools, schools with immunization requirements vs schools without, and schools with a student health clinic vs those without (PϽ.001for all).Public and private schools were equally likely to require screening (64% vs 62%; P = .21).In the 378 schools with screening requirements, tine or multiple puncture tests were accepted in 95 (25%); test results were recorded in millimeters of induration in 95 (25%); and 100 (27%) reported collecting results in a centralized registry or database.Of the 168 (27%) of 624 schools accepting only Mantoux skin tests and reporting results for school years 1992-1993 through 1995-1996, 3.1% of the 348 368 students screened had positive skin test results (median percentage positive, 0.8%).International students had a significantly higher case rate for active tuberculosis than US residents (35.2 vs 1.1 per 100 000 students screened).Conclusions.-Widespreadtuberculin screening of students yielded a low prevalence of skin test reactors and few tuberculosis cases.To optimize the use of limited public health resources, tuberculin screening should target students at high risk for infection.
Experiences with Psychotherapy Training in India
Authors: E.M. Hoch
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

On the basis of 32 years of psychiatric experience in India, the author tries to show how difficulties encountered not only in psychotherapy with Indian patients, but also in supervision of candidates in training for psychotherapy can be related to specific cultural patterns of personality development and social intercourse and, beyond this, traced back to their deeper roots in the traditional Indian world view, as represented by the ancient Hindu scriptures. Starting with the latter, she shows how the lack of an 'anthropocentric orientation', the discouragement of egoistic and individualistic strivings, the doctrine of 'karma' and re-incarnation, all essential elements of traditional Hindu philosophy, and all pointing to an ultimate reality that goes beyond anything that speech or even thought can reach, leave very little to work on for someone who were to approach an entirely traditional Indian scene with the tools and methods of Western psychotherapy. Yet, in view of the present trend towards 'Westernisation', Western methods of psychotherapy have their place, at least for the most modernised sectors of the population. Even then, traditional patterns of personality development and family organisation which, even in a modern setting, still persist, place obstacles in the way of a smooth and meaningful application of Western psychotherapeutic models, not only in clinical practice, but also in the training of therapists. In addition, certain traditional notions concerning the relationship of an Indian 'guru' to his disciples work against a ready understanding and acceptance of Western theories and practices. This applies in particular to 'transference' and more so to 'negative transferenc' in the therapeutic relationship. At present, behaviour therapy, including biofeedback, seems to succeed best in the Indian setting. Models based on 'systems theory' might eventually become convenient substitutes for certain methods of social manipulation as they are still used by traditional Indian healers within the family and village setting.
Effects of raloxifene on bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal women on chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Eddy Hernández, Raquel Valera, Evelyn Alonzo, Mariela Bajares-Lilue, Raúl Carlini, Freya Capriles, Ruby Martinis, Ezequiel Bellorin-Font, José R. Weisinger
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
The Management of Extensive Cutaneous Burns
Authors: Thomas E. Lynn
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The prognosis in cases of cutaneous burns should be guarded because many patients in the older age group still die after relatively minor burns. Shock is usually present in varying degrees. Diagnostic methods here described are essential for preventing shock and for estimating the patient's needs for water and electrolytes. The hourly urine volume furnishes a good index for adequate fluid therapy and should be maintained at 30 to 50 cc. per hour during the first 24 hours. In treating pain it is important to avoid excessive use of analgesics or hypnotics. The burned area can be treated by the closed method, the exposure method, saline baths, or aerosol sprays. Local infections followed by septicemia must be regarded as an imminent danger. Finally, for optimum results, the general nutrition and psychological state of the patient need to be considered.
Pyogenic Arthritis, Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Acne, and Hidradenitis Suppurativa (PAPASH): A New Autoinflammatory Syndrome Associated With a Novel Mutation of the PSTPIP1 Gene
Authors: Angelo V. Marzano, Valentina Trevisan, Marco Gattorno, Isabella Ceccherini, Clara De Simone, Carlo Crosti
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Human monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies recognize predominantly discontinuous epitopes on bee venom phospholipase A2
Authors: Theres Schneidera, Alois B. Lang, José M. Carballido, Luis F. Santamaria Babia, Thomas Dudlera, Martin K. Kägi, Kurt Blaser, Mark Suter
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Diagnostic Significance of TI-201—Ga-67 Discordant Pattern of Biodistribution in AIDS
Authors: JONATHAN M. GETZ, CARLOS BEKERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Gallium-67 citrate imaging is a valuable part of the clinical evaluation of HIV-seropositive patients in spite of some specificity-related limitations. However, its role in the detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary Kaposi sarcoma is known to be extremely limited. Uptake of TI-201 chloride has been demonstrated in uncomplicated lung lesions of Kaposi sarcoma. An AIDS patient with multiple sarcomatous skin lesions, bilateral cervical and inguinal adenopathies, bibasilar lung infiltrates, and clinical evidence of a superior vena cava syndrome is presented. The discordant pattern of TI-201—Ga-67 biodistribution in this patient was consistent with disseminated Kaposi sarcoma lymphadenopathies.
THE ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY OF FIFIFTY EYEARSO WITH SOME EE TI ISCENISCENCES AND
Authors: NEWTON M. SHAFFER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The present occasion is not only one which calls for congratulation and felicitation to those of us who have labored for years for the advancement of orthopedic surgery, but it may also be regarded as being, in some important respects, the semicentennial of the birth of this important branch of surgical science. It seems, therefore, a proper occasion to refer to the stirring events of fifty years ago which marked the strenuous activities of such men as Davis, Taylor, Sayre and Knight, whose genius and abilities have made possible the development of the orthopedic surgery of to-day, and whose contributions to surgery have, among other important events, resulted in the formation of this important Section of the American Medical Association. Fifty years ago, May 1, 1863, the New York Hospital for the Relief of the Ruptured and Crippled, opened its doors for the treatment of patients at 97 Second Avenue,
Norman Walter Nisbet
Authors: L. Flaherty
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Norman Walter Nisbet was born in Edinburgh. He first qualified as a dentist but abandoned dentistry in favour of medicine. He qualified in medicine in 1934 and became a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1936 and fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (ad eundem) in 1966. In 1938 he was appointed house surgeon at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, and in 1939, at the …
Targeting the allergen to oral dendritic cells with mucoadhesive chitosan particles enhances tolerance induction
Authors: N. Saint‐Lu, S. Tourdot, A. Razafindratsita, L. Mascarell, N. Berjont, H. Chabre, A. Louise, L. Van Overtvelt, P. Moingeon
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) efficacy could be improved by formulations facilitating allergen contact with the oral mucosa and uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs).Two types of chitosan microparticles, differing in size and surface charge, were tested in vitro for their capacity to improve antigen uptake and presentation by murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) or purified oral APCs. T-cell priming in cervical lymph nodes (LNs) was assessed by intravenous transfer of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labelled ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD4+ T cells and flow cytometry analysis. Ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice were treated sublingually with soluble or chitosan-formulated OVA twice a week for 2 months. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation and T-cell responses in cervical and mediastinal LNs were assessed by whole-body plethysmography, lung histology and Cytometric Bead Array technology, respectively.Only a mucoadhesive (i.e. highly positively charged) and microparticulate form of chitosan enhances OVA uptake, processing and presentation by murine BMDCs and oral APCs. Targeting OVA to dendritic cells with this formulation increases specific T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma/IL-10 secretion in vitro, as well as T-cell priming in cervical LNs in vivo. Sublingual administration of such chitosan-formulated OVA particles enhances tolerance induction in mice with established asthma, with a dramatic reduction of both AHR, lung inflammation, eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavages, as well as antigen-specific Th2 responses in mediastinal LNs.Mucoadhesive chitosan microparticles represent a valid formulation for sublingual allergy vaccines.
Effects of Early Use of Atenolol or Captopril on Infarct Size and Ventricular Volume
Authors: José Galcerá-Tomás, Francisco José Castillo-Soria, Manuel Villegas-García, Rafael Florenciano-Sánchez, José Ginés Sánchez-Villanueva, José Antonio Nuño de la Rosa, Antonio Martínez-Caballero, José Antonio Valentí-Aldeguer, Pedro Jara-Pérez, Manuel Párraga-Ramírez, Iluminada López-Martínez, Luis Iñigo-García, Francisco Picó-Aracil
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —β-Blockers and ACE inhibitors reduce early mortality when either one is started in the first hours after myocardial infarction (MI). Considering the close correlation between morphological changes and prognosis, we aimed to investigate whether the benefit of both β-blockers and ACE inhibitors might reside in a similar protective effect on infarct size or ventricular volume. Methods and Results —In a randomized, double-blind comparison between early treatment with captopril or atenolol in 121 patients with acute anterior MI, both drugs showed a similar reduction in mean blood pressure. However, only the atenolol-treated patients showed a significant early reduction in heart rate. Infarct size, obtained from the perfusion defect in resting single photon emission imaging, was higher in captopril-treated patients than in atenolol-treated patients: 29.8±12% versus 20.8±12% ( P &lt;0.01) by polar map and 28.3±13% versus 20.0±13% ( P &lt;0.01) by tomography. Changes from baseline to 1 week and to 3 months in ventricular end-diastolic volume, assessed by echocardiography, were as follows: 58±14 versus 64±19 ( P &lt;0.05) and 65±21 mL/m 2 ( P &lt;0.05), respectively, with captopril, and 58±18 versus 64±18 ( P &lt;0.05) and 69±30 mL/m 2 ( P &lt;0.05), respectively, with atenolol. Neither group showed significant changes in end-systolic volume. Among patients with perfusion defect &gt;18% (n=51), those treated with atenolol showed a significant increase of end-systolic and end-diastolic ventricular volumes, whereas captopril-treated patients did not. Conclusions —Although early treatment with atenolol or captopril results in similar overall short- and medium-term preservation of ventricular function and volumes, in patients with larger infarctions, a β-blocker alone does not adequately protect myocardium from ventricular dilatation.
Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator (HGFA) in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Osamu Nagakawa, Toshiya Yamagishi, Yasuyoshi Fujiuchi, Akira Junicho, Takuya Akashi, Kazuhiro Nagaike, Hideki Fuse
Journal: European Urology (2005)
The distinctive features of acute monocytic leukemia
Authors: Michael T. Shaw
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract Acute monocytic leukemia is an uncommon form of acute leukemia. Distinctive clinical features include gingival hypertrophy, lymphoadenopathy, coagulation disorders, and lysozymuria. Blast cell morphology and cytochemistry are diagnostic. Receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG have been demonstrated on the basis of a few cases. The drug VP 16–213 has been shown to be very effective in treatment of untreated and previously treated patients.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Regulates Syndecan-2–Mediated Tumorigenic Activity of HT1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells
Authors: Haein Park, Innoc Han, Ho Jeong Kwon, Eok-Soo Oh
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Expression of syndecan-2, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is crucial for the tumorigenic activity in colon carcinoma cells. However, despite the high-level expression of syndecan-2 in mesenchymal cells, few studies have addressed the function of syndecan-2 in sarcoma cells. In HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, we found that syndecan-2 regulated migration, invasion into Matrigel, and anchorage-independent growth but not cell-extracellular matrix adhesion or proliferation, suggesting that syndecan-2 plays different functional roles in fibrosarcoma and colon carcinoma cells. Consistent with the increased cell migration/invasion of syndecan-2-overexpressing HT1080 cells, syndecan-2 overexpression increased phosphorylation and interaction of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), membrane localization of T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis gene-1 (Tiam-1), and activation of Rac. Syndecan-2-mediated cell migration/invasion of HT1080 cells was diminished when (a) cells were cotransfected with nonphosphorylatable mutant FAK Y397F or with other FAK mutants lacking PI3K interactions, (b) cells were treated with a specific PI3K inhibitor, or (c) levels of Tiam-1 were knocked down with small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, expression of several FAK mutants inhibited syndecan-2-mediated enhancement of anchorage-independent growth in HT1080 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that syndecan-2 regulates the tumorigenic activities of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells and that FAK is a key regulator of syndecan-2-mediated tumorigenic activities.