tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Weekend versus Weekday Admission and Mortality from Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William J. Kostis, Kitaw Demissie, Stephen W. Marcella, Yu Hsuan Shao, Alan C. Wilson, Abel E. Moreyra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Management of acute myocardial infarction requires urgent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, which may not be uniformly available throughout the week.We examined differences in mortality between patients admitted on weekends and those admitted on weekdays for a first acute myocardial infarction, using the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System. All such admissions in New Jersey from 1987 to 2002 (231,164) were included and grouped in 4-year intervals.There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, coexisting conditions, or infarction site between patients admitted on weekends and those admitted on weekdays. However, patients admitted on weekends were less likely to undergo invasive cardiac procedures, especially on the first and second days of hospitalization (P<0.001). In the interval from 1999 to 2002 (59,786 admissions), mortality at 30 days was significantly higher for patients admitted on weekends (12.9% vs. 12.0%, P=0.006). The difference became significant the day after admission (3.3% vs. 2.7%, P<0.001) and persisted at 1 year (1% absolute difference in mortality). The difference in mortality at 30 days remained significant after adjustment for demographic characteristics, coexisting conditions, and site of infarction (hazard ratio, 1.048; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.022 to 1.076; P<0.001), but it became nonsignificant after additional adjustment for invasive cardiac procedures (hazard ratio, 1.023; 95% CI, 0.997 to 1.049; P=0.09).For patients with myocardial infarction, admission on weekends is associated with higher mortality and lower use of invasive cardiac procedures. Our findings suggest that the higher mortality on weekends is mediated in part by the lower rate of invasive procedures, and we speculate that better access to care on weekends could improve the outcome for patients with acute myocardial infarction.
DISTILLER: a data integration framework to reveal condition dependency of complex regulons in Escherichia coli
Authors: Karen Lemmens, Tijl De Bie, Thomas Dhollander, Sigrid C De Keersmaecker, Inge M Thijs, Geert Schoofs, Ami De Weerdt, Bart De Moor, Jos Vanderleyden, Julio Collado-Vides, Kristof Engelen, Kathleen Marchal
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Abstract We present DISTILLER, a data integration framework for the inference of transcriptional module networks. Experimental validation of predicted targets for the well-studied fumarate nitrate reductase regulator showed the effectiveness of our approach in Escherichia coli . In addition, the condition dependency and modularity of the inferred transcriptional network was studied. Surprisingly, the level of regulatory complexity seemed lower than that which would be expected from RegulonDB, indicating that complex regulatory programs tend to decrease the degree of modularity.
Cyclotrons and Radiopharmaceuticals in Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: George M. Bohigian
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Positron emission tomography (PET) can probe biochemical pathways in vivo and can provide quantitative data; for that purpose, tracers labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes are essential. This report describes the tracers that are being used or that may have future use, their production by cyclotrons, and other needed resources for PET imaging. Current routine and automated methods for convenient production of labeled compounds, coupled with simple computer-controlled accelerators, can support the creation of clinical PET centers in any large medical institution, obviating the need for in-depth research teams. An alternate approach involves the development of regional centers that provide in-house service and that supply fluorine 18— and carbon 11—labeled compounds to nearby hospitals with PET machines. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1854-1860)
Interdigestive biliary output in man: relationship to fluctuations in plasma motilin and effect of atropine.
Authors: T Svenberg, N D Christofides, M L Fitzpatrick, F Areola-Ortiz, S R Bloom, R B Welbourn
Journal: Gut (1982)

The fasting output of bile into the bowel was investigated in nine healthy volunteers by hepatobiliary scanning. Subjects were studied twice, on each occasion for 2.5 hours. A significant flow of radioactivity from the gall bladder to the duodenum was observed on one or two occasions during each experiment. A 32 +/- 4% mean decrease in counts over the gall bladder was recorded, indicating partial emptying of this organ in the interdigestive state. The output of bile into the bowel was found to be related to fluctuations in fasting plasma motilin levels in that a significant motilin increment (18 +/- 4 pmol/l, p less than 0.005) paralleled the appearance of radioactivity in the duodenum. The onset of gall-bladder emptying regularly preceded the peak in plasma motilin (mean: 25 +/- 2 minutes). Atropine, intravenously, 0.6 mg followed by 0.3 mg, nearly abolished both fasting biliary output and plasma motilin fluctuations. Thus, bile output appears to occur frequently in fasting humans, but our data do not allow any conclusions as to the possible causal relationship between fasting gall-bladder emptying and release of motilin. Cholinergic influences appear to be of importance in the regulation of interdigestive biliary output in man.
The CD8α+ Dendritic Cell Is Responsible for Inducing Peripheral Self-Tolerance to Tissue-associated Antigens
Authors: Gabrielle T. Belz, Georg M.N. Behrens, Chris M. Smith, Jacques F.A.P. Miller, Claerwen Jones, Kristina Lejon, C. Garrison Fathman, Scott N. Mueller, Ken Shortman, Francis R. Carbone, William R. Heath
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

We previously described a mechanism for the maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance. This involves the cross-presentation of tissue-associated antigens by a bone marrow–derived cell type that stimulates the proliferation and ultimate deletion of self-reactive CD8 T cells. This process has been referred to as cross-tolerance. Here, we characterize the elusive cell type responsible for inducing cross-tolerance as a CD8α+ dendritic cell (DC). To achieve this aim, transgenic mice were generated expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) linked to CTL epitopes for ovalbumin and glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus under the rat insulin promoter (RIP). Although tracking of YFP was inconclusive, the use of a highly sensitive gB-specific hybridoma that produced β-galactosidase on encounter with antigen, enabled detection of antigen presentation by cells isolated from the pancreatic lymph node. This showed that a CD11c+CD8α+ cell was responsible for cross-tolerance, the same DC subset as previously implicated in cross-priming. These data indicate that CD8α+ DCs play a critical role in both tolerance and immunity to cell-associated antigens, providing a potential mechanism by which cytotoxic T lymphocyte can be immunized to viral antigens while maintaining tolerance to self.
Changes in snoring characteristics after 30 days of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in patients with non-apnoeic snoring: a controlled trial.
Authors: F Series, I Marc
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--A study was performed to evaluate the effect of discontinuation of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) treatment on snoring characteristics. METHODS--Eighteen non-apnoeic snoring subjects were randomly allocated to either a no treatment control group or an NCPAP treatment group. The control group was studied twice (baseline and day 30 of follow up). In the NCPAP group the level of NCPAP that abolished snoring was determined and part abolished snoring was determined and patients were placed on NCPAP every night for one month. A sleep study was performed on the first night without NCPAP after completing 30 days of treatment (follow up 1). A fourth polysomnographic study was performed 8-10 days after NCPAP was stopped (follow up 2) in six subjects. RESULTS--In both groups total sleep time (TST) and sleep architecture remained unchanged at the different visits. Baseline snoring characteristics in the two groups were similar. In the control group the mean (SE) number of snoring episodes/hour of sleep (snoring index) and the percentage of TST &gt; 60 decibels (dB) were 380 (36)/h and 11.1 (2.0)% TST respectively at baseline, and was unchanged at follow up. In the NCPAP group the snoring index decreased from 387 (50)/h to 320 (57)/h after NCPAP therapy, but the % TSTS &gt; 60 dB decreased from 10.3 (1.8)% to 7.4 (1.5)%. The snoring index and intensity returned to baseline values at follow up 2 (374 (74)/h, 9.8 (2.1)% TST). Changes in snoring characteristics could not be explained by changes in body position between the different sleep studies. CONCLUSIONS--NCPAP improves snoring but this effect is lost soon after stopping treatment.
The REACT study: randomised evaluation of assertive community treatment in north London
Authors: Helen Killaspy, Paul Bebbington, Robert Blizard, Sonia Johnson, Fiona Nolan, Stephen Pilling, Michael King
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare outcomes of care from assertive community treatment teams with care by community mental health teams for people with serious mental illnesses. <b>Design</b> Non-blind randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Two inner London boroughs. <b>Participants</b> 251 men and women under the care of adult secondary mental health services with recent high use of inpatient care and difficulties engaging with community services. <b>Interventions</b> Treatment from assertive community treatment team (127 participants) or continuation of care from community mental health team (124 participants). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcome was inpatient bed use 18 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included symptoms, social function, client satisfaction, and engagement with services. <b>Results</b> No significant differences were found in inpatient bed use (median difference 1, 95% confidence interval −16 to 38) or in clinical or social outcomes for the two treatment groups. Clients who received care from the assertive community treatment team seemed better engaged (adapted homeless engagement acceptance schedule: difference in means 1.1, 1.0 to 1.9), and those who agreed to be interviewed were more satisfied with services (adapted client satisfaction questionnaire: difference in means 7.14, 0.9 to 13.4). <b>Conclusions</b> Community mental health teams are able to support people with serious mental illnesses as effectively as assertive community treatment teams, but assertive community treatment may be better at engaging clients and may lead to greater satisfaction with services.
Asymmetric segregation of template DNA strands in basal-like human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Wenyu Liu, Gajan Jeganathan, Sohrab Amiri, Katherine M Morgan, Bríd M Ryan, Sharon R Pine
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Abstract Background and methods Stem or progenitor cells from healthy tissues have the capacity to co-segregate their template DNA strands during mitosis. Here, we set out to test whether breast cancer cell lines also possess the ability to asymmetrically segregate their template DNA strands via non-random chromosome co-segregation, and whether this ability correlates with certain properties attributed to breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). We quantified the frequency of asymmetric segregation of template DNA strands in 12 human breast cancer cell lines, and correlated the frequency to molecular subtype, CD44 + /CD24 -/lo phenotype, and invasion/migration ability. We tested if co-culture with human mesenchymal stem cells, which are known to increase self-renewal, can alter the frequency of asymmetric segregation of template DNA in breast cancer. Results We found a positive correlation between asymmetric segregation of template DNA and the breast cancer basal-like and claudin-low subtypes. There was an inverse correlation between asymmetric segregation of template DNA and Her2 expression. Breast cancer samples with evidence of asymmetric segregation of template DNA had significantly increased invasion and borderline significantly increased migration abilities. Samples with high CD44 + /CD24 -/lo surface expression were more likely to harbor a consistent population of cells that asymmetrically segregated its template DNA; however, symmetric self-renewal was enriched in the CD44 + /CD24 -/lo population. Co-culturing breast cancer cells with human mesenchymal stem cells expanded the breast CSC pool and decreased the frequency of asymmetric segregation of template DNA. Conclusions Breast cancer cells within the basal-like subtype can asymmetrically segregate their template DNA strands through non-random chromosome segregation. The frequency of asymmetric segregation of template DNA can be modulated by external factors that influence expansion or self-renewal of CSC populations. Future studies to uncover the underlying mechanisms driving asymmetric segregation of template DNA and dictating cell fate at the time of cell division may explain how CSCs are maintained in tumors.
Dose-Dependent Acceleration of High-Density Lipoprotein Catabolism by Endothelial Lipase
Authors: Cyrille Maugeais, Uwe J.F. Tietge, Uli C. Broedl, Dawn Marchadier, William Cain, Mary G. McCoy, Sissel Lund-Katz, Jane M. Glick, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Factors that regulate the metabolism of HDL and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) are incompletely understood. Overexpression of endothelial lipase (EL) markedly reduces plasma levels of HDL cholesterol and apoA-I in mice, but the mechanisms of this effect remain unknown.We used different doses of a recombinant adenoviral vector to overexpress human EL in mice and studied the effects on plasma phospholipase activity, plasma lipids, HDL particle size, HDL turnover, and tissue sites of HDL degradation in mice. Overexpression of EL was associated with a significant dose-dependent increase in postheparin plasma phospholipase activity. Plasma phospholipid, HDL cholesterol, and apoA-I levels were markedly decreased, even at the lowest dose of vector. Kinetic studies demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in the fractional catabolic rate of HDL-apolipoprotein in EL-overexpressing mice. The postheparin plasma phospholipase activity was significantly positively correlated with HDL-apolipoprotein fractional catabolic rate. The uptake of apoA-I by the kidney and the liver was significantly increased by 2.5-fold and 3-fold, respectively, in mice overexpressing EL.Expression of EL in mice results in a dose-dependent increase in postheparin plasma phospholipase activity, catabolic rate of HDL-apolipoprotein, and uptake of apoA-I in both kidney and liver.
Immediate or Delayed Docetaxel: Does Progression-Free Survival Really Reflect Two Strategies?
Authors: Hüseyin Abali, Umut Dişel, Fatih Köse, Ahmet Sezer, Hüseyin Mertsoylu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

TO THE EDITOR: We have read the article by Fidias et al with great interest. It made a valuable contribution from a clinical point of view. Their trial was designed to answer one question that clinicians come across frequently in everyday oncological management of patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer: should nonprogressing patients after a sufficient amount of first-line therapy proceed with immediate second-line chemotherapy, or should they defer it until documentation of first progression? The authors stated that progression-free survival (PFS) in the immediate docetaxel arm was significantly longer than that in the delayed docetaxel arm (5.7 v 2.7 months; P .0001) and that there was a trend of improved overall survival (OS) in the same arm (12.3 v 9.7 months; P .0853), probably owing to the greater number of patients who were able to receive treatment in the immediate docetaxel arm. OS was the primary end point.WehavesomecommentsonPFS,oneof thesecondaryendpoints. Rather than one PFS, the delayed arm has actually two PFS rates by definition, given that patients should wait until the documentation of progression before receiving chemotherapy: one from random assignment to documentation of first progression just before time of docetaxel institution (PFS1), and one from docetaxel institution to the documentation of progression while still receiving chemotherapy (PFS2). However, there is only one sort of PFS in the immediate docetaxel arm: the one from random assignment to progression on docetaxel chemotherapy. Although it is not clear from the article, the investigators probably reported a comparison of PFS1 in the delayed arm with PFS in the immediate arm. We think that this may be the reason why there was a strong statistical difference (2.7 v 5.7 months; P .0001). Such a comparison does not fully reflect the expected answer to the question of delayed versus immediate docetaxel after first-line therapy. Rather, it gives information concerning the question if docetaxel improves PFS after four cycles of gemcitabin-carboplatin in nonprogressing patients. It is highly probable that no PFS difference between delayed and immediate docetaxel would have been detected if the investigators had calculated PFS from the time of random assignment to progression during docetaxel chemotherapy for both arms.
Trends in Mastectomy Rates at the Mayo Clinic Rochester: Effect of Surgical Year and Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Rajini Katipamula, Amy C. Degnim, Tanya Hoskin, Judy C. Boughey, Charles Loprinzi, Clive S. Grant, Kathleen R. Brandt, Sandhya Pruthi, Christopher G. Chute, Janet E. Olson, Fergus J. Couch, James N. Ingle, Matthew P. Goetz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Recent changes have occurred in the presurgical planning for breast cancer, including the introduction of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We sought to analyze the trends in mastectomy rates and the relationship to preoperative MRI and surgical year at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.We identified 5,405 patients who underwent surgery between 1997 and 2006. Patients undergoing MRI were identified from a prospective database. Trends in mastectomy rate and the association of MRI with surgery type were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of surgery year and MRI on surgery type, while adjusting for potential confounding variables.Mastectomy rates differed significantly across time (P < .0001), and decreased from 45% in 1997% to 31% in 2003, followed by increasing rates for 2004 to 2006. The use of MRI increased from 10% in 2003% to 23% in 2006 (P < .0001). Patients with MRI were more likely to undergo mastectomy than those without MRI (54% v 36%; P < .0001). However, mastectomy rates increased from 2004 to 2006 predominantly among patients without MRI (29% in 2003% to 41% in 2006; P < .0001). In a multivariable model, both MRI (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; P < .0001) and surgical year (compared to 2003 OR: 1.4 for 2004, 1.8 for 2005, and 1.7 for 2006; P < .0001) were independent predictors of mastectomy.After a steady decline, mastectomy rates have increased in recent years with both surgery year and MRI as significant predictors for type of surgery. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of MRI and other factors influencing surgical planning.
M4 and M9 Antibodies in the Overlap Syndrome of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Chronic Active Hepatitis: Epitopes or Epiphenomena?
Authors: Paul A. Davis, Patrick Leung, Michael Manns, Marshall Kaplan, Santiago J. Munoz, Frederic A. Gorin, Rolland E. Dickson, Edward Krawitt, Ross Coppel, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

ABSTRACT Before the identification of the major mitochondrial antigens of primary biliary cirrhosis as components of the 2–oxo–acid dehydrogenase enzyme family, mitochondrial autoantigens were believed to be extremely heterogeneous and were divided into nine subtypes termed M1 to M9. This classification was based on the data derived from the relatively nonspecific biochemical and immunological techniques that were available. After the cloning and definition of the major autoantigens, more than 95% of the sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were found to react with components of the 2–oxo–dehydrogenase enzymes; these enzymes correspond to the old M2 classification. Two other “M” species, dubbed M4 and M9, have attracted significant attention because they have been postulated to be prognostic indicators and more recently have been tentatively identified respectively as sulfite oxidase (EC 1.8.3.1) and glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1). Indeed, patients with the “overlap syndrome” are reported to have antibodies to M4 and a poor prognosis, whereas patients with antibodies to M9 have a favorable prognosis. To address the significance and definition of M4 and M9, we performed in–depth studies of sera from 11 patients with the overlap syndrome, 75 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 19 chronic active hepatitis patients, 13 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 10 patients with cholangiocarcinoma, 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 20 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 17 patients with scleroderma and 30 normal individuals, using techniques of ELISA, complement fixation, immunoblotting and enzyme inhibition. We report herein that we were unable to show any disease–specific reactivity toward the proposed M4 and M9 antigens. We offer potential explanations for false–positive readings and, most importantly, propose that the “M” nomenclature be discontinued and that autoantigens be designated by their proven and reproducible biochemical identity. (Hepatology 1992;16:1128-1136.)
Food allergen avoidance in primary prevention of food allergy
Authors: S. Hasan Arshad
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Approximately 5–10% of children suffer from allergy to one or more foods. Primary prevention through a hypoallergenic diet may reduce the prevalence of food allergy and associated co‐morbidity, such as eczema and urticaria. Breastfeeding has many advantages and should be recommended for all children. Those with a history of atopy in the immediate family are at a higher risk and maternal diet during lactation, avoiding highly allergenic foods, may enhance the benefit. Cow’s milk should be strictly avoided, and supplements, if required, should be with a hypoallergenic formula. Delayed introduction of egg, nuts, wheat and fish has also been suggested. Dietary restriction may have nutritional consequences for the mother and child and supervision by a dietician is essential. Maternal diet during pregnancy is not advisable as the benefit is minimal and there may be adverse effects on the foetal nutrition. In high risk infants, a combined approach, where breastfeeding with maternal avoidance of highly allergenic foods, supplemented by extensively hydrolysed formula during the first 6 months of life, in addition to the delayed introduction of solid foods, has been shown to reduce the development of food allergy in infants.