tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF PROLONGED, INTENSIVE PLASMAPHERESIS UPON THE ABILITY OF THE ORGANISM TO REGENERATE SERUM PROTEIN
Authors: Daniel Melnick, George R. Cowgill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. When the dog is subjected to quantitative plasmapheresis and fed appropriate "synthetic" artificial rations, it is possible to evaluate the ability of the organism to regenerate serum protein from both exogenous and endogenous sources. Approximately 44 per cent of the protein, casein, fed in excess of the minimal amount needed normally to meet the general nitrogen requirements, is utilized for the formation of new serum protein. Under our experimental conditions the dog can regenerate each week solely from endogenous sources approximately 0.6 gm. of this blood protein per kilo of optimal body weight. This is equivalent to about 21 per cent of the total amount of serum protein normally present in the plasma. 2. When the dog is fed an adequate protein diet and is subjected to a régime of prolonged intensive plasmapheresis (period of 16 consecutive weeks), no impairment in the ability of the organism to regenerate serum protein from either exogenous or endogenous sources occurs. Under our conditions of experimentation the dog appears to be able to form each week an amount of the blood protein approximately equal to that normally present in the plasma. Because of this remarkable ability of the normal organism to regenerate rapidly serum protein over a relatively long period of time, it seems that loss of protein alone in conditions of Bright's disease cannot be the etiologic agent responsible for the persistence of the hypoproteinemia. An additional factor, the "specific" ability of such individuals to regenerate serum protein, must be taken into consideration.
Genetic effects from exposure to hazardous agents.
Authors: J Favor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Mammalian germ cell stages exhibit differences in DNA synthesis activity, capability to repair DNA damage, and chromosome-associated proteins. The sensitivity to mutation induction may be influenced by such factors as the accessibility of DNA to chemical mutagens, the interval between DNA damage induction and the next round of DNA replication, and the repair of DNA damage. Such qualitative and quantitative differences indicate the complexities of mutation induction in vivo and emphasize that no single in vitro test system can adequately represent the in vivo situation. Therefore, germ-cell mutagenesis in humans can most adequately be represented by an in vivo mammalian germ-cell test system. Information regarding the mechanisms of mutation induction in germ cells of the mouse, appropriate mutation test systems available in the mouse, as well as principles of chemical mutagenesis in the mouse and their implications for an adequate human genetic risk estimation will be discussed.
Steady-state neutrophil homeostasis is dependent on TLR4/TRIF signaling
Authors: Stefanie Bugl, Stefan Wirths, Markus P. Radsak, Hansjörg Schild, Pamela Stein, Maya C. André, Martin R. Müller, Elke Malenke, Tina Wiesner, Melanie Märklin, Julia-Stefanie Frick, Rupert Handgretinger, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Lothar Kanz, Hans-Georg Kopp
Journal: Blood (2012)
150 LIVER RELATED EVENTS AND SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH COMPENSATED HCV CIRRHOSIS: THE ROLE OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO PEG-IFN BASED THERAPY AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: V. Calvaruso, V. Di Marco, D. Ferraro, P. Pizzillo, G. Alaimo, A. Craxì
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Live-Cell Imaging of Invasion and Intravasation in an Artificial Microvessel Platform
Authors: Andrew D. Wong, Peter C. Searson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Methods to visualize metastasis exist, but additional tools to better define the biologic and physical processes underlying invasion and intravasation are still needed. One difficulty in studying metastasis stems from the complexity of the interface between the tumor microenvironment and the vascular system. Here, we report the development of an investigational platform that positions tumor cells next to an artificial vessel embedded in an extracellular matrix. On this platform, we used live-cell fluorescence microscopy to analyze the complex interplay between metastatic cancer cells and a functional artificial microvessel that was lined with endothelial cells. The platform recapitulated known interactions, and its use demonstrated the capabilities for a systematic study of novel physical and biologic parameters involved in invasion and intravasation. In summary, our work offers an important new tool to advance knowledge about metastasis and candidate antimetastatic therapies.
ALO 2145 Reduces the Intraocular Pressure Elevation after Anterior Segment Laser Surgery
Authors: Reay H. Brown, Robert H. Stewart, Mary G. Lynch, Alan S. Crandall, Alan I. Mandell, Jacob T. Wilensky, Arthur L. Schwartz, Douglas E. Gaasterland, Joseph M. DeFaller, Eve J. Higginbotham
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF A NEW PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZER, FLUPHENAZINE (PROLIXIN)
Authors: IRVING J. TAYLOR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Of the patients treated with fluphenazine, 141 of the 166 who were evaluated (85%) improved, 23 responded poorly, and 24 were for appropriate reasons not evaluated. The average dose was 5 mg. on admission, 5 mg. the next morning and 2.5 mg. thereafter as a single morning dose. Extrapyramidal effects were seen in patients receiving higher doses (5 to 10 mg. daily) but these were controllable by reducing the dosage. Fluphenazine is an effective tranquilizer and is the most potent of the phenothiazines previously employed here, being about 25 times as potent as chlorpromazine. The rapid and sustained action of the drug and its administration as a single daily dose are distinctly advantageous.
Ethical and Legal Questions Posed by Recent Advances in Medicine
Authors: James Z. Appel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The tense and highly emotional drama that has been presented to the public by the various media of mass communication during the first three months of this year in the form of an almost blow by blow description of five human heart transplant operations has brought sharply into focus the legal and ethical problems with which the medical profession has been wrestling for quite a few years. While there was avid attention paid to the publicity about the experiments in Houston with a mechanical heart and its application to the human body as a partial substitute for the human heart last year, these experiments did not stimulate in the public's mind the ethical and legal complexities that are presently receiving much thought from various segments of society. The development of the mechanical kidney, the successful replacement of a faulty valve in a man's heart with a valve from a pig's
Renin-Aldosterone Profiling in Hypertension
Authors: JERRY R. MITCHELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Renin-aldosterone profiling was used to classify patients with hypertension: 243 patients with essential hypertension were classified by renin-urinary sodium indexing; 107 were reclassified by response to administration of furosemide and intravenous saline; 45 were further classified by response to a low-sodium diet. Arbitrary "normal ranges" were determined in 89, 32, and 38 volunteers, respectively. Patients with low-renin apparently do not have "high-volume" hypertension. Rather, they show a primary renal abnormality in renin secretion and become relatively deficient in angiotensin II and aldosterone when they are subjected to diuresis. They can maintain aldosterone secretion under normal conditions because their adrenal aldosterone receptor is supersensitive to angiotensin II. No evidence of abnormal sympathetic neural activity was found among the renin subgroups. Renin-aldosterone profiling in current clinical practice seems useful mainly in the detection of patients with curable forms of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone/renin ratios may be particularly helpful in diagnosis when obtained after a patient has undergone expansion or contraction of his extracellular fluid volume.
Great Medical Disasters
Authors: Roy C. Baron
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is an entertaining, although sometimes shocking collection of anecdotes by a physician who has gained a reputation for looking at the lighter side of medicine. With humor and a sense of irony,<i>Great Medical Disasters</i>presents an array of calamitous misadventures that have befallen physicians, their patients, and the general public during the last several centuries. Gordon's examples of professional malpractice and buffoonery, deadly epidemics, bureaucratic blundering, and the misfortunes of some well-known patients, all but convince the reader to concentrate on prevention and never mind the cure. Included in these stories are such persons as the surgeon Robert Liston, who once performed an operation that resulted in a 300% mortality; James Boswell, whose sexual appetite led to an unsavory demise at the hands of the "clap"; (Typhoid) Mary Mallon, the itinerant housecook who did for<i>Salmonella typhosa</i>what Johnny Appleseed did for the Macintosh; and the enterprising scoundrels
Tyrosine kinome sequencing of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group TARGET Project
Authors: Mignon L. Loh, Jinghui Zhang, Richard C. Harvey, Kathryn Roberts, Debbie Payne-Turner, Huining Kang, Gang Wu, Xiang Chen, Jared Becksfort, Michael Edmonson, Kenneth H. Buetow, William L. Carroll, I-Ming Chen, Brent Wood, Michael J. Borowitz, Meenakshi Devidas, Daniela S. Gerhard, Paul Bowman, Eric Larsen, Naomi Winick, Elizabeth Raetz, Malcolm Smith, James R. Downing, Cheryl L. Willman, Charles G. Mullighan, Stephen P. Hunger
Journal: Blood (2012)
Recreational Physical Activity and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Anne McTiernan, Charles Kooperberg, Emily White, Sara Wilcox, Ralph Coates, Lucile L. Adams-Campbell, Nancy Woods, Judith Ockene
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Women who are physically active have a decreased risk for breast cancer, but the types, amounts, and timing of activity needed are unknown.To prospectively examine the association between current and past recreational physical activity and incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.Prospective cohort study in 74 171 women aged 50 to 79 years who were recruited by 40 US clinical centers from 1993 through 1998.Incident invasive and in situ breast cancer.We documented 1780 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer over a mean follow-up of 4.7 years. Compared with less active women, women who engaged in regular strenuous physical activity at age 35 years had a 14% decreased risk of breast cancer (relative risk [RR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.95). Similar but attenuated findings were observed for strenuous physical activity at ages 18 years and 50 years. An increasing total current physical activity score was associated with a reduced risk for breast cancer (P =.03 for trend). Women who engaged in the equivalent of 1.25 to 2.5 hours per week of brisk walking had an 18% decreased risk of breast cancer (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.97) compared with inactive women. Slightly greater reduction in risk was observed for women who engaged in the equivalent of 10 hours or more per week of brisk walking. The effect of exercise was most pronounced in women in the lowest tertile of body mass index (BMI) (<24.1), but also was observed for women in the middle tertile of BMI (24.1-28.4).These data suggest that increased physical activity is associated with reduced risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, longer duration provides most benefit, and that such activity need not be strenuous.
Mitochondrial kinase signalling pathways in myocardial protection from ischaemia/reperfusion-induced necrosis
Authors: T. Miura, M. Tanno, T. Sato
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Multiple cardioprotective signal pathways that are activated by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and those by IPC mimetics converge on mitochondria. Recent studies have shown that pools of Akt, protein kinase C-ε, extracellular-regulated kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and hexokinases (HK) I and II, are localized in mitochondria in addition to their pools in the cytosol. Accumulating evidence indicates that such 'mitochondrial protein kinases' receive signals from cytosolic molecules and enhance tolerance of myocytes to injury. Proteomic analyses suggest that these kinases form complexes with each other and with subunit proteins of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Functional relationships between the protein kinases in mitochondria have not been fully clarified, but GSK-3β and HKs appear to be at the end of the signal pathways and directly responsible for inhibition of opening of the mPTP and, thus, for myocyte protection from necrosis. In this review, recent findings supporting roles of mitochondrial protein kinases in protection from myocardial necrosis after ischaemia/reperfusion are summarized and discussed.
Aquagenic urticaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection: treatment with stanozolol
Authors: L.A. FEARFIELD, B. GAZZARD, C.B. BUNKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Aquagenic urticaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection: treatment with stanozolol Get access L.A. FEARFIELD, L.A. FEARFIELD Departments of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. GAZZARD, B. GAZZARD Departments of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.B. BUNKER C.B. BUNKER Departments of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 4, 1 October 1997, Pages 620–622, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03798.x Published: 01 October 1997 Article history Accepted: 16 March 1997 Published: 01 October 1997
Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver in cryoglobulinaemia
Authors: G. P. Jori, G. Buonanno
Journal: Gut (1972)

Hepatic biopsy showed either persistent or aggressive chronic hepatitis in 11 patients with cryoglobulinaemia not attributable to known disease entities, whereas liver impairment was not in every case suggested by either physical examination or functional abnormalities. The incidence was predominantly in women and cryoglobulin behaviour was similar in these patients and in five subjects with cirrhosis-associated cryoglobulinaemia. It is concluded that liver disease should be included among the constant features of the cryoglobulin-associated syndrome, and the speculation is advanced that in cryoglobulinaemic patients both cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis may be caused by the same pathogenic mechanism(s).
Cost-Effectiveness Study of Three Antimalarial Drug Combinations in Tanzania
Authors: Virginia Wiseman, Michelle Kim, Theonest K Mutabingwa, Christopher J. M Whitty
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background As a result of rising levels of drug resistance to conventional monotherapy, the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organisations have recommended that malaria endemic countries move to combination therapy, ideally with artemisinin-based combinations (ACTs). Cost is a major barrier to deployment. There is little evidence from field trials on the cost-effectiveness of these new combinations. Methods and Findings An economic evaluation of drug combinations was designed around a randomised effectiveness trial of combinations recommended by the WHO, used to treat Tanzanian children with non-severe slide-proven malaria. Drug combinations were: amodiaquine (AQ), AQ with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ+SP), AQ with artesunate (AQ+AS), and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in a six-dose regimen. Effectiveness was measured in terms of resource savings and cases of malaria averted (based on parasitological failure rates at days 14 and 28). All costs to providers and to patients and their families were estimated and uncertain variables were subjected to univariate sensitivity analysis. Incremental analysis comparing each combination to monotherapy (AQ) revealed that from a societal perspective AL was most cost-effective at day 14. At day 28 the difference between AL and AQ+AS was negligible; both resulted in a gross savings of approximately US$1.70 or a net saving of US$22.40 per case averted. Varying the accuracy of diagnosis and the subsistence wage rate used to value unpaid work had a significant effect on the number of cases averted and on programme costs, respectively, but this did not change the finding that AL and AQ+AS dominate monotherapy. Conclusions In an area of high drug resistance, there is evidence that AL and AQ+AS are the most cost-effective drugs despite being the most expensive, because they are significantly more effective than other options and therefore reduce the need for further treatment. This is not necessarily the case in parts of Africa where recrudescence following SP and AQ treatment (and their combination) is lower so that the relative advantage of ACTs is smaller, or where diagnostic services are not accurate and as a result much of the drug goes to those who do not have malaria.
Interleukin 2–mediated Uncoupling of T Cell Receptor α/β from CD3 Signaling
Authors: Loralee Haughn, Bernadine Leung, Lawrence Boise, André Veillette, Craig Thompson, Michael Julius
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

T cell activation and clonal expansion is the result of the coordinated functions of the receptors for antigen and interleukin (IL)-2. The protein tyrosine kinase p56lck is critical for the generation of signals emanating from the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and has also been demonstrated to play a role in IL-2 receptor signaling. We demonstrate that an IL-2–dependent, antigen-specific CD4+ T cell clone is not responsive to anti-TCR induced growth when propagated in IL-2, but remains responsive to both antigen and CD3ε-specific monoclonal antibody. Survival of this IL-2–dependent clone in the absence of IL-2 was supported by overexpression of exogenous Bcl-xL. Culture of this clonal variant in the absence of IL-2 rendered it susceptible to anti-TCR–induced signaling, and correlated with the presence of kinase-active Lck associated with the plasma membrane. The same phenotype is observed in primary, resting CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the presence of kinase active Lck associated with the plasma membrane correlates with the presence of ZAP 70–pp21ζ complexes in both primary T cells and T cell clones in circumstances of responsive anti-TCR signaling. The results presented demonstrate that IL-2 signal transduction results in the functional uncoupling of the TCR complex through altering the subcellular distribution of kinase-active Lck.
Dutch doctors campaign for smoking ban in hospitality industry
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Dutch Medical Association is backing a campaign to allow MPs a free vote on banning smoking in hotels, restaurants, and cafes. To date, Dutch MPs throughout the political spectrum have been reluctant to support a ban, believing that Dutch society, with its smoking tradition, is opposed to such a move. The government, therefore, has opted to allow the hospitality industry to regulate itself, at least until 2008.

But from 1 May, citizens will have the right to initiate legislative proposals if they can muster 40 000 signatures. The antismoking lobby group Clean Air Netherlands has launched a campaign for a …
Reforming the Department of Health's research and development policy: from the devil to the deep blue sea?
Authors: A. Maynard, T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Research into health and social services in Britain is largely funded by the Department of Health. Regional NHS research and development has recently been reformed and a new report now proposes replacement of the 13 research units funded by the department with three or four large multidisciplinary centres. Evidence to support such a step is lacking, and many criticisms of the existing units arise from poor departmental planning rather than deficiencies of the units themselves. Large units may make research less responsive to the department9s needs, and it is essential that the proposed new structure is thoroughly evaluated before it is introduced.
Effect of platinum and palladium salts on thymidine incorporation into DNA of rat tissues.
Authors: R F Fisher, D J Holbrook, H B Leake, P E Brubaker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The intraperitoneal administration of PtCl4 or Pd(NO3)2 at levels of 28 or 56 mumole/kg body weight decreased the thymidine incorporation into DNA of spleen, liver, kidney, and testis. Spleen was most sensitive to both the platinum and the palladium salt. In liver, DNA syntheses in parenchymal cells and stromal cells were about equally sensitive to PtCl4. In control rats, only 20-30% of the 3H in the acid-soluble fraction of liver or spleen was in the form of thymidine and its phosphate esters 2 hr after the intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine; prior injection of PtCl4 (56 mumol/kg body weight) did not change the pattern.
Non-hormonal treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: C N. de Deuxchaisnes, J P Devogelaer, W Esselinckx, G Depresseux, C Rombouts-Lindemans, J P Huaux
Journal: BMJ (1983)

groups lose bone at about the same rate.3We have in our files more than 50 000 radiographs to show this, including radiographs from six central American nations, 10 states in the United States, and radiographs from the Tecumseh community health survey.Nor is adult bone loss a recent phenomenon.Prehistoric populations suffered from adult bone loss much as we do, whether they were hunters and gatherers, early agriculturalists, or maize intensive
HEXIM1: a new player in myocardial hypertrophy?
Authors: Daniele Catalucci, Gianluigi Condorelli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This editorial refers to ‘Inducible re-expression of HEXIM1 causes physiological cardiac hypertrophy in the adult mouse’ by M.M. Montano et al ., pp. 74–82, this issue. 

Cardiac hypertrophy is a consequential response to stress; however, not all types of hypertrophy are the same. In fact, the molecular signatures underlying different forms of hypertrophy depend on the type of stress and of the subsequent activated signalling cascade. Preferential activation of specific signal transduction cascades, such as the calcineurin and MAPK pathways, is characteristic for pathological cardiac hypertrophy (e.g. in response to ventricular pressure overload), while the PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signalling cascade seems to be preferentially activated in exercise- or IGF1-dependent physiological hypertrophy.1–3 Remarkably, the activation of each signalling pathway is not specific but rather preferential for one type of hypertrophy. For instance, the PI3 K/Akt pathway is activated in both pressure-overload and exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy.2,4 Akt induction indirectly activates mTOR, which, in turn, promotes protein synthesis through mRNA translation, while at the same time activating vasculogenesis.5 This increase in capillary density is a fundamental component of the cardiac response to stress since it counterbalances the augmented demand for oxygen by increasing its supply. On the other hand, in the absence of Akt, angiogenesis is impaired and the pressure-overloaded heart goes into failure more quickly.6,7 A different situation is found in exercise-induced hypertrophy, where the match between cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and angiogenesis is more balanced compared with the models of continuous pressure overload.8

A typical hallmark of cardiac hypertrophy, and in particular the maladaptive condition, is an overall increase in RNA synthesis. …
Analysis of somatic hypermutations in the IgM switch region in human B cells
Authors: Katsuyuki Horiuchi, Kohsuke Imai, Kanako Mitsui-Sekinaka, Tzu-Wen Yeh, Hans D. Ochs, Anne Durandy, Shigeaki Nonoyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)