tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of perioperative hydroxyethyl starch 6% and albumin 5% in elective joint arthroplasty and association with adverse outcomes: a retrospective population based analysis
Authors: M. Opperer, J. Poeran, R. Rasul, M. Mazumdar, S. G. Memtsoudis
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether the perioperative use of hydroxyethyl starch 6% and albumin 5% in elective joint arthroplasties are associated with an increased risk for perioperative complications. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort study of population based data between 2006 and 2013. <b>Setting</b> Data from 510 different hospitals across the United States participating in the Premier Perspective database. <b>Participants</b> 1 051 441 patients undergoing elective total hip and knee arthroplasties. <b>Exposures</b> Perioperative fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch 6% or albumin 5%, or neither. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Acute renal failure and thromboembolic, cardiac, and pulmonary complications. <b>Results</b> Compared with patients who received neither colloid, perioperative fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch 6% or albumin 5% was associated with an increased risk of acute renal failure (odds ratios 1.23 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.34) and 1.56 (1.36 to 1.78), respectively) and most other complications. A recent decrease in hydroxyethyl starch 6% use was noted, whereas that of albumin 5% increased. <b>Conclusions</b> Similar to studies in critically ill patients, we showed that use of hydroxyethyl starch 6% was associated with an increased risk of acute renal failure and other complications in the elective perioperative orthopedic setting. This increased risk also applied to albumin 5%. These findings raise questions regarding the widespread use of these colloids in elective joint arthroplasty procedures.
Refractory adult onset Still's disease successfully treated with anakinra
Authors: F M V. Godinho
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

In conclusion, infliximab can be used safely in daily clinical practice, but both doctors and patients should be aware of the (infection) risks, especially in patients receiving a higher dose (.3 mg/kg) of infliximab, in order to anticipate and minimise these risks.
Activation of p53 by SIRT1 Inhibition Enhances Elimination of CML Leukemia Stem Cells in Combination with Imatinib
Authors: Ling Li, Lisheng Wang, Liang Li, Zhiqiang Wang, Yinwei Ho, Tinisha McDonald, Tessa L. Holyoake, WenYong Chen, Ravi Bhatia
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Adaptive Changes Result in Activation of Alternate Signaling Pathways and Acquisition of Resistance to Aromatase Inhibitors
Authors: Angela Brodie, Gauri Sabnis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Hormone therapy is an effective approach for the treatment of breast cancer. Although the antiestrogen tamoxifen has had a major impact on the treatment of the disease, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which reduce estrogen synthesis, have recently proved to be more effective. These agents are now used as first-line therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer. Nevertheless, despite the efficacy of these agents, resistance to treatment eventually may occur in some patients. In an effort to overcome this resistance and extend the benefits of AIs, investigators have studied the mechanisms involved in resistance to AIs. Adaptive changes that result in activation of alternate signaling pathways in AI-resistant tumors have been identified in xenograft and cell line models. Expression of estrogen receptor α and aromatase was shown to be decreased in tumors after long-term treatment with AIs. In contrast, increased expression was observed in tyrosine kinase receptors such as Her-2 and insulin–like growth factor receptor, as well as in downstream signaling proteins such as mitogen–activated protein kinase. Functional activation of the mitogen–activated protein kinase pathway and dependency on growth factor receptor signaling have been observed in AI-resistant cells and tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(13); 4208–13. ©2011 AACR.
Mortality after Fluid Bolus in African Children with Severe Infection
Authors: Kathryn Maitland, Sarah Kiguli, Robert O. Opoka, Charles Engoru, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Samuel O. Akech, Richard Nyeko, George Mtove, Hugh Reyburn, Trudie Lang, Bernadette Brent, Jennifer A. Evans, James K. Tibenderana, Jane Crawley, Elizabeth C. Russell, Michael Levin, Abdel G. Babiker, Diana M. Gibb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The role of fluid resuscitation in the treatment of children with shock and life-threatening infections who live in resource-limited settings is not established.We randomly assigned children with severe febrile illness and impaired perfusion to receive boluses of 20 to 40 ml of 5% albumin solution (albumin-bolus group) or 0.9% saline solution (saline-bolus group) per kilogram of body weight or no bolus (control group) at the time of admission to a hospital in Uganda, Kenya, or Tanzania (stratum A); children with severe hypotension were randomly assigned to one of the bolus groups only (stratum B). All children received appropriate antimicrobial treatment, intravenous maintenance fluids, and supportive care, according to guidelines. Children with malnutrition or gastroenteritis were excluded. The primary end point was 48-hour mortality; secondary end points included pulmonary edema, increased intracranial pressure, and mortality or neurologic sequelae at 4 weeks.The data and safety monitoring committee recommended halting recruitment after 3141 of the projected 3600 children in stratum A were enrolled. Malaria status (57% overall) and clinical severity were similar across groups. The 48-hour mortality was 10.6% (111 of 1050 children), 10.5% (110 of 1047 children), and 7.3% (76 of 1044 children) in the albumin-bolus, saline-bolus, and control groups, respectively (relative risk for saline bolus vs. control, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.90; P=0.01; relative risk for albumin bolus vs. saline bolus, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.29; P=0.96; and relative risk for any bolus vs. control, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.86; P=0.003). The 4-week mortality was 12.2%, 12.0%, and 8.7% in the three groups, respectively (P=0.004 for the comparison of bolus with control). Neurologic sequelae occurred in 2.2%, 1.9%, and 2.0% of the children in the respective groups (P=0.92), and pulmonary edema or increased intracranial pressure occurred in 2.6%, 2.2%, and 1.7% (P=0.17), respectively. In stratum B, 69% of the children (9 of 13) in the albumin-bolus group and 56% (9 of 16) in the saline-bolus group died (P=0.45). The results were consistent across centers and across subgroups according to the severity of shock and status with respect to malaria, coma, sepsis, acidosis, and severe anemia.Fluid boluses significantly increased 48-hour mortality in critically ill children with impaired perfusion in these resource-limited settings in Africa. (Funded by the Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; FEAST Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN69856593.).
RIM1 confers sustained activity and neurotransmitter vesicle anchoring to presynaptic Ca2+ channels
Authors: Shigeki Kiyonaka, Minoru Wakamori, Takafumi Miki, Yoshitsugu Uriu, Mio Nonaka, Haruhiko Bito, Aaron M Beedle, Emiko Mori, Yuji Hara, Michel De Waard, Motoi Kanagawa, Makoto Itakura, Masami Takahashi, Kevin P Campbell, Yasuo Mori
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2007)
Evidence for two distinct perceptual alterations in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: B D Naliboff, J Munakata, S Fullerton, R H Gracely, A Kodner, F Harraf, E A Mayer
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background and aims —Visceral hyperalgesia has been implicated as a factor contributing to symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, previous studies using intestinal balloon distension have used psychophysical procedures which do not provide adequate and unbiased measures of visceral sensitivity. Methods —Three psychophysical tasks were examined in 45 patients with IBS (positive Rome criteria) and 14 controls using rectal balloon distension with a computerised distension device. Discomfort threshold and tolerance were assessed during an ascending series of phasic pressure stimuli and during an interactive threshold tracking procedure. In addition, stimulus response functions were generated from intensity and unpleasantness ratings of the rectal distensions. Results —Discomfort threshold and tolerance for the ascending stimuli were significantly lower for the patients with IBS compared with the controls. In contrast, discomfort thresholds during the tracking procedure and stimulus response curves for the ascending series were not different between the groups. A factor analysis of the psychophysical data was consistent with the presence of two distinct and unrelated perceptual alterations related to rectal distension: hypervigilance for visceral stimuli, manifested as lowered response criteria for using the descriptor “discomfort”; and rectal hypersensitivity, manifested as a lower discomfort threshold and left shift of the stimulus response curves. Conclusions —Patients with IBS as a group have a greater propensity to label visceral sensations negatively and show a lower tolerance for rectal balloon distension. A subgroup of patients also have baseline rectal hypersensitivity, assessed by unbiased measures of discomfort threshold and stimulus intensity judgements.
Four-Year Follow-Up of Trastuzumab Plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Operable Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer: Joint Analysis of Data From NCCTG N9831 and NSABP B-31
Authors: Edith A. Perez, Edward H. Romond, Vera J. Suman, Jong-Hyeon Jeong, Nancy E. Davidson, Charles E. Geyer, Silvana Martino, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Peter A. Kaufman, Norman Wolmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The clinical benefits of adjuvant trastuzumab have been demonstrated in interim analyses of four large trials. Initial data of the combined analysis of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) N9831 Intergroup trial and National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-31 trial were reported in 2005. Long-term follow-up results on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) have been awaited.Patients with HER2-positive operable breast cancer were randomly assigned to doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab in the NCCTG N9831 and NSABP B-31 trials. The similar design of both trials allowed data from the control and trastuzumab-containing arms to be combined in a joint analysis.At 3.9 years of median follow-up, there continues to be a highly statistically significant reduction in DFS event rate in favor of the trastuzumab-containing arm (P < .001). Similarly, there continues to be a statistically significant 39% reduction in death rate in favor of the trastuzumab-containing arm (P < .001).These data demonstrate consistent DFS and OS advantages of adjuvant trastuzumab over time, with the longest follow-up reported to date. The clinical benefits continue to outweigh the risks of adverse effects.
Competition injuries in taekwondo: a literature review and suggestions for prevention and surveillance
Authors: Willy Pieter, Gabriel Paul Fife, David Michael O'Sullivan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Objective To review competition injuries in taekwondo and use this information to develop recommendations to reduce the number and severity of injuries in taekwondo competition. Methods The available literature was searched for prospective studies on taekwondo injuries in adult athletes. An injury was defined as any circumstance for which the athlete sought the assistance of the on-site medical personnel. Injury rates were expressed per athlete-exposures (A–E) and 95% CIs calculated. Results Total injury rates for elite men varied from 20.6/1000 A–E (95% CI 11.8 to 29.3) to 139.5/1000 A–E (95% CI 94.0 to 185.1). For elite women, the rates varied from 25.3/1000 A–E (95% CI 3.1 to 47.4) to 105.5/1000 A–E (95% CI 89.8 to 121.1). About one-third of all injuries (29.6%) in the men were to the head and neck region, while almost half of the injuries (44.5%) were to the lower extremities. In women, 15.2% of injuries were to the head and neck and 53.1% to the lower extremities. The vast majority of all injuries were contusions (42.7% in the men and 62.7% in the women). Point estimates of rates of head injuries and concussions were found to be higher in taekwondo than in other contact sports such as football (soccer) and American gridiron football. Time-loss injury rates in the men varied from 6.9/1000 A–E (95% CI 1.8 to 11.9) to 33.6/1000 A–E (95% CI 18.9 to 48.3). In the women, they varied from 2.4/1000 A–E (95% CI 2.3 to 7.2) to 23.0/1000 A–E (95% CI 15.7 to 30.4). The turning kick was most often involved in causing injury: 56.9% of all injuries in the men and 49.8% in the women. Lack of blocking skills was identified as one of the main injury mechanisms. Conclusions Rule changes should be considered and it is recommended that governing bodies employ qualified medical personnel. Establishing an ongoing injury surveillance system in taekwondo should be the first priority.
Is there a critical period for bone response to weight-bearing exercise in children and adolescents? a systematic review
Authors: K J MacKelvie, K M Khan, H A McKay
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

This systematic review examines and compares the bone mineral changes in children and adolescents, as measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry, reported in exercise intervention studies. The effects of hormonal factors and growth on bone mineral change during puberty are examined, and the possibility of a critical period during which bone is especially adaptable to exercise is discussed.
Palliative Care and the Quality of Life
Authors: Diane E. Meier, Otis W. Brawley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Catherine is a 27-year-old woman who was waitressing to savemoneyforgraduateschool.Shehadnoinsuranceandwashopingthatherfatigueandnosebleedswereattributabletostressanddryairinhercity apartment. Her roommate found her collapsed on the ﬂoor andcalled 911. A complete blood count in the emergency departmentrevealed50,000blastsintheperiphery,andCatherinewasdiagnosedwithleukemia.Symptomsincludedseverebonepain,dyspnea,anxi-ety, and panic attacks associated with isolation. Catherine’s brotherhad a history of substance abuse, and her parents were opposed tousingopioidsforherpain.Housestaffprescribedacetaminophenwithcodeineevery6hoursasneededwithoutbeneﬁt.Catherinewouldcryoutinpainandkeptpushingthecallbellforrelief,butthenursestoldher she must wait until 6 hours were up. The palliative medicineconsult team was called for “help with a manipulative, drug-seekingpatient.”Afterchangesinheropioidregimen,Catherine’ssymptomsandpsychologicaldistressweremarkedlyimproved.Bothsheandherfamilyrequiredextensivecounselingandsupportnotonlyabouttheharmsofuntreatedpainandthesafeuseofopioidsbutalsoabouttheexistential,spiritual,economic,andemotionalconsequencesofCath-erine’s illness. The palliative care team worked side by side with thehematologiststhroughCatherine’sbonemarrowtransplant.Sixyearslater, she had ﬁnished graduate school and married. She and herfamily send an annual holiday card and contribution thanking thehospitalfortheexpertscientiﬁcandcompassionatecaretheyreceived.Catherine’s story exempliﬁes the beneﬁts of palliative care andoncology comanagement. The goal of her oncology care was cure,yet her palliative care needs posed signiﬁcant—but remediable—burdensonthepatient,herfamily,andthemedicalcareteam.Despitethe logic of a simultaneous palliative and disease management ap-proach for patients with cancer, the medical profession persists inthinking about palliative care as being synonymous with end-of-lifecareorasbeingwhatwedowhenthereisnothingmorethatwecando.Medical care is falsely but widely understood to have two mutuallyexclusivegoals:tocurediseaseandprolonglifeortoprovidecomfortcare.Consequently,thedecisiontofocusonthereductionofsufferingistypicallymadeonlyafterlife-prolongingtreatmentbecomesineffec-tive or too burdensome and death is imminent. This problem wasrecognized in February 2011 by important new American Society ofClinical Oncology guidelines
Interleukin-7 receptor mutants initiate early T cell precursor leukemia in murine thymocyte progenitors with multipotent potential
Authors: Louise M. Treanor, Sheng Zhou, Laura Janke, Michelle L. Churchman, Zhijun Ma, Taihe Lu, Shann-Ching Chen, Charles G. Mullighan, Brian P. Sorrentino
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Early T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) exhibits lymphoid, myeloid, and stem cell features and is associated with a poor prognosis. Whole genome sequencing of human ETP-ALL cases has identified recurrent mutations in signaling, histone modification, and hematopoietic development genes but it remains to be determined which of these abnormalities are sufficient to initiate leukemia. We show that activating mutations in the interleukin-7 receptor identified in human pediatric ETP-ALL cases are sufficient to generate ETP-ALL in mice transplanted with primitive transduced thymocytes from p19Arf−/− mice. The cellular mechanism by which these mutant receptors induce ETP-ALL is the block of thymocyte differentiation at the double negative 2 stage at which myeloid lineage and T lymphocyte developmental potential coexist. Analyses of samples from pediatric ETP-ALL cases and our murine ETP-ALL model show uniformly high levels of LMO2 expression, very low to undetectable levels of BCL11B expression, and a relative lack of activating NOTCH1 mutations. We report that pharmacological blockade of Jak–Stat signaling with ruxolitinib has significant antileukemic activity in this ETP-ALL model. This new murine model recapitulates several important cellular and molecular features of ETP-ALL and should be useful to further define novel therapeutic approaches for this aggressive leukemia.
Efficacy Analysis of Trans-obturator Tension-free Vaginal Tape (TVT-O) Plus Modified Ingelman-Sundberg Procedure versus TVT-O Alone in the Treatment of Mixed Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Study
Authors: Chi-Mou Juang, Ken-Jen Yu, Pesus Chou, Ming-Shien Yen, Nae-Fong Twu, Huann-Cheng Horng, Wei-Lun Hsu
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Spirometric Predictors of Lung Function Decline and Mortality in Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: M. Bradley Drummond, Nadia N. Hansel, John E. Connett, Paul D. Scanlon, Donald P. Tashkin, Robert A. Wise
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

The course of lung function decline for smokers with early airflow obstruction remains undefined. It is also unclear which early spirometric characteristics identify individuals at risk for rapid decline and increased mortality.To determine the association between spirometric measures and 5-year decline in FEV(1) and 12-year mortality.We analyzed longitudinal data from the Lung Health Study, a clinical trial of intensive smoking cessation intervention with or without bronchodilator therapy in 5,887 smokers with mild to moderate airflow obstruction. Participants were stratified into bins of baseline FEV(1) to FVC ratio, using bins of 5%, and separately into bins of Z-score (difference between actual and predicted FEV(1)/FVC, normalized to SD of predicted FEV(1)/FVC). Associations between spirometric measures and FEV(1) decline and mortality were determined after adjusting for baseline characteristics and time-varying smoking status.The cohort was approximately two-thirds male, predominantly of white race (96%), and with mean age of 49 ± 7 years. In general, individuals with lower lung function by any metric had more rapid adjusted FEV(1) decline. A threshold for differential decline was present at FEV(1)/FVC less than 0.65 (P < 0.001) and Z-score less than -2 (2.3 percentile) (P < 0.001). At year 12, 575 (7.2%) of the cohort had died. Lower thresholds of each spirometric metric were associated with increasing adjusted hazard of death.Smokers at risk or with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have accelerated lung function decline. Individuals with lower baseline FEV(1)/FVC have more rapid decline and worse mortality.
HEPARIN-INDUCED DECREASE IN CIRCULATING ANTITHROMBIN III
Authors: M.K. Cook, H.F. Woods, A. Dawson, G. Ash, M.J. Weston, H.G. Schipper, L. Kahlé, C.S.P. Jenkins, J.W. Ten Cate, C. Veenhof, M. Sinaasappel
Journal: The Lancet (1978)
Parameters associated with persistent airflow obstruction in chronic severe asthma
Authors: D. Bumbacea, D. Campbell, L. Nguyen, D. Carr, P.J. Barnes, D. Robinson, K.F. Chung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

The significance of severe airflow obstruction in severe asthma is unclear. The current study determined whether severe airflow obstruction is related to inflammatory or structural changes in the airways. Patients with severe asthma from a tertiary referral clinic were divided into two groups according to their postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ): severe persistent airflow limitation (FEV 1 &lt;50% predicted; group S; n=37) and no obstruction (FEV 1 &gt;80% pred; group N; n=29). Smoking history, atopic status, lung function tests, exhaled NO, blood eosinophil count, quality of life scores using St George's Respiratory Questionnaire and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs were assessed. Patients from group S were older and had longer disease duration. There was no difference in smoking history, atopic status, hospital admissions, quality of life scores and amount of treatment with inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Exhaled NO and peripheral blood eosinophils were higher in group S (21.0±2.4 versus 12.8±2.3 ppb; 0.41±0.06 versus 0.15±0.03×10 9 cells·L −1 , respectively). HRCT scores for bronchial wall thickening and dilatation were higher in group S with no differences in air trapping. Peripheral blood eosinophilia and bronchial wall thickening on HRCT scan were the only parameters significantly and independently associated with persistent airflow obstruction. Patients with severe asthma and irreversible airflow obstruction had longer disease duration, a greater inflammatory process and more high resolution computed tomography airway abnormalities suggestive of airway remodelling, despite being on similar treatments and experiencing equivalent impairment in quality of life.
Gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma: a GERCOR study
Authors: T. André, C. Tournigand, O. Rosmorduc, S. Provent, F. Maindrault-Goebel, D. Avenin, F. Selle, F. Paye, L. Hannoun, S. Houry, B. Gayet, J.P. Lotz, A. de Gramont, C. Louvet
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Discovering lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

At a scientific meeting in 1968, Jacques Miller was accused of complicating immunology. He and others suggested that there was not one but two kinds of lymphocytes—one from the thymus and one from the bone marrow. In a pair of groundbreaking articles published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine in 1968, Miller and his student Graham Mitchell proved that two subsets of lymphocytes did exist and identified which subset mediated antibody responses.
Significance of tumor vascularity as a predictor of long-term prognosis in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma treated by percutaneous ethanol injection therapy
Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Kumuda, Satoshi Nakano, Isao Takeda, Keiichi Sugiyama, Seiki Kiriyama, Yasuhiro Sone
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)