tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PET in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Flavia Niccolini, Paul Su, Marios Politis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

PET is a powerful in vivo functional imaging tool for investigating healthy and diseased brain. It provides noninvasive quantification of selected biological targets that could help build understanding of complex central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, in MS, PET could only offer complementary support to MRI studies because MRI has still a profound role in monitoring the clinical course of MS. However, recent developments in PET imaging offer the potential to assess the MS brain in vivo in a way that MRI is limited. PET in MS could be used for the investigation of underlying pathophysiology of neuroinflammation, neuronal dysfunction, and demyelination, and remyelination. Quantitative measures of molecular targets with PET could also have future uses in clinical trials of drug development. However, the use of PET is still limited because of the high costs of cyclotrons and radiochemical laboratories. Once these limitations are bypassed alongside advances in research, PET could help in the clinical practice of MS by providing a useful imaging tool for the accurate diagnosis, monitoring of clinical progression, and planning of treatment.
Endoscopic Ligation Compared with Sclerotherapy for the Treatment of Bleeding Esophageal Varices
Authors: Loren Laine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: Comparison of the safety and efficacy of endoscopic sclerotherapy and ligation for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: An urban county hospital. Patients: Patients with clinically severe bleeding from esophageal varices. Intervention: A total of 77 patients were randomly assigned to receive sclerotherapy or ligation at the initial endoscopic examination. Treatment was repeated weekly until variceal obliteration was achieved. After eradication, patients had endoscopic examinations every 3 months or for any episode of rebleeding. Recurrent varices were treated with the originally assigned form of endoscopic therapy. Measurements: Patients were assessed for further bleeding, for transfusion requirements, for time in hospital, for variceal eradication, for number of treatment sessions required, for complications, for treatment failure, and for risk of death. Results: Rebleeding tended to be less frequent with ligation than with sclerotherapy: 10 of 38 (26%) compared with 17 of 39 (44%) (difference, 17% [95% CI, 4% to 38%]), but results in the two groups were comparable for blood transfusions, for length of hospital stay, and for risk of death. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to rebleeding and death showed no statistical differences between treatments. Complications were less common in the ligation group: fewer patients in the ligation group had esophageal strictures (0 of 38 compared with 13 of 39 [33%]; P < 0.001) and had complicated esophageal ulcers (1 of 38 [2.6%] compared with 6 of 39 [15%]; P = 0.11). In addition, fewer ligation treatments were required to achieve variceal eradication (4.1 0.3 compared with 6.2 0.4; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Endoscopic ligation causes statistically fewer local complications than sclerotherapy and achieves variceal eradication more rapidly. Ligation is a viable alternative to sclerotherapy and may have some advantages as a treatment for bleeding esophageal varices.
THE INTERMITTENT FORMS OF DEMENTIA PRÆCOX
Authors: William Rush Dunton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1910)

The cases of which abstracts have been given may be briefly summed up as to their course as follows: CASE I. At 18 years an attack of excitement lasting 9 months, followed by a remission of nearly 20 months, when there was another attack of excitement lasting 14 months, then a remission of 6 years, after which the final attack which has endured 9 years. CASE II. At 22 years an attack of excitement lasting about 6 months, followed by a remission of 5 years; another attack of excitement of 4 months, then a remission of 3 months; another attack of excitement of 4 months, a remission of 3 months; an attack of excitement of 8 months; a remission of 6 weeks, and then the final condition which required continuous hospital care until her death 2 years and 1 month later. CASE III. An attack of stupor or depression at 17 years lasting 6 months, a remission of 8 months; a second attack of depression lasting 9 months, a remission of 9 months; then a brief attack of excitement, and brief remission each lasting 3 or 4 months; another attack of depression and excitement which endured 13 months and which has been followed by a remission of nearly 4 years. CASE IV. A mixed attack at 25 years lasting about 1 year, followed by a remission of 1 month, after which an attack of excitement lasting about 1 year; then a remission lasting up to the present time, about a year and a half. CASE V. An attack of depression at 18 years lasting about 6 months, followed by a remission of 13 years; then an attack of excitement lasting about 6 months, a remission of 2 years and 6 months, and a final attack of excitement from which the patient is now convalescing. CASE VI. At 23 years an attack of excitement lasting about 6 months and followed by a remission of about six and a half years, after which there ensued a depressed or confused stage which is now in progress, but which I believe is the beginning of the terminal stage. CASE VII. At 22 a delirious attack lasting probably 3 months. A remission of 14 years, when at 36 there was an attack of mild excitement with delirious symptoms. About a year after the patient had a return of the same symptoms and is still in this attack. CASE VIII. An attack of brain fever at 20 lasting 6 months. At 43 an attack of excitement during the latter part of which catatonic symptoms were present. This attack lasted 2 years and 9 months, and was followed by a remission of 14 months. The next attack was also of excitement and lasted about 7 months. Then occurred a remission of 8 months, followed by an attack of excitement lasting 11 months, during which catatonic symptoms were present. After a remission of 9 months there was an attack of excitement of 4 months. At the present time, May 1, 1910, the remission has lasted 6 months.
Abstract 5186: A new mode of integrin–Ecadherin cross talk that modulates invasion and metastasis
Authors: Erik H. Danen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are mediated by transmembrane receptors of the integrin family. These interactions coordinate signal transduction cascades impinging on cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Ablation of the β1 integrin gene attenuates initiation and growth of breast and skin cancers and β1 antibodies sensitize breast tumors in mice to radiotherapy. However, the role of β1 integrins in breast cancer progression from a localized tumor to metastatic disease is unknown. We show that peptide blocking or gene silencing of β1 integrins can cause a shift from cohesive multicellular strand invasion to individual cell migration, which acts pro-metastatic in breast cancer cells. While tumor growth of β1 integrin-depleted breast cancer cells is reduced, intravasation and lung metastasis of cells from these small tumors in an orthotopic mouse model is dramatically enhanced, as is migration in a zebrafish xenograft model. Depletion of β1 integrins alters the balance between miR-200 miRNAs and ZEB transcriptional repressors leading to a transcriptional downregulation of E-cadherin, which is essential for the induction of individual cell migration and enhanced metastasis. These findings demonstrate that disturbed integrin-mediated interactions with the ECM in cancer cells can alter cell migration strategies and metastatic potential through a miRNA-transcription factor network that controls cell-cell adhesion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5186. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5186
Diffuse Pulmonary Gallium Accumulation With a Normal Chest Radiogram in a Homosexual Man With Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
Authors: STUART C. MOSES, STEPHEN R. BAKER, MICHAEL F. SELDIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A homosexual man with A.I.D.S. (acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome) and pneumocystis infestation was found to have diffuse Ga–67 uptake in the lungs with a coincident negative chest x–ray. While Ga–67 accumulates diffusely in the lungs in a variety of conditions, the present case is the first described in a patient with A.I.D.S. in which Ga–67 was positive before roentgenographic abnormalities were demonstrated. Thus, the use of Ga–67, when A.I.D.S. is suspected, could help establish a diagnosis more promptly.
An unusual finding during screening colonoscopy: A cockroach!
Authors: A. Kumar, J. Perez, R. Miick, Y. Govil
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 52-year-old woman with a history of depression was referred by her primary physician for colorectal cancer screening. She had no family history of colorectal cancer and a review of systems was positive for abdominal bloating. Bowel preparation was done using 4 L of polyethylene glycol the evening prior to screening colonoscopy. The procedure was uncomplicated with no gross mucosal pathology, however, an insect was found in the transverse colon ([Fig. 1]).
A gene for Holt–Oram syndrome maps to the distal long arm of chromosome 12
Authors: Damien Bonnet, Anna Pelet, Laurence Legeai-Mallet, Daniel Sidi, Michèle Mathieu, Philippe Parent, Henri Plauchu, Françoise Serville, Albert Schinzel, Jean Weissenbach, Jean Kachaner, Arnold Munnich, Stanislas Lyonnet
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
CD1d-mediated Recognition of an α-Galactosylceramide by Natural Killer T Cells Is Highly Conserved through Mammalian Evolution
Authors: Laurent Brossay, Mariacristina Chioda, Nicolas Burdin, Yasuhiko Koezuka, Giulia Casorati, Paolo Dellabona, Mitchell Kronenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Natural killer (NK) T cells are a lymphocyte subset with a distinct surface phenotype, an invariant T cell receptor (TCR), and reactivity to CD1. Here we show that mouse NK T cells can recognize human CD1d as well as mouse CD1, and human NK T cells also recognize both CD1 homologues. The unprecedented degree of conservation of this T cell recognition system suggests that it is fundamentally important. Mouse or human CD1 molecules can present the glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) to NK T cells from either species. Human T cells, preselected for invariant Vα24 TCR expression, uniformly recognize α-GalCer presented by either human CD1d or mouse CD1. In addition, culture of human peripheral blood cells with α-GalCer led to the dramatic expansion of NK T cells with an invariant (Vα24+) TCR and the release of large amounts of cytokines. Because invariant Vα14+ and Vα24+ NK T cells have been implicated both in the control of autoimmune disease and the response to tumors, our data suggest that α-GalCer could be a useful agent for modulating human immune responses by activation of the highly conserved NK T cell subset.
Factors that influence seeking second opinions, patient satisfaction, and education in breast cancer care: an internet-based study.
Authors: M Lund, AM Bramley, RG Iyengar, J Petersen, WC Wood, SS Gabram
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3107 Purpose: To examine factors associated with seeking second opinions, patient satisfaction, and education among a recently diagnosed internet-based breast cancer population. Methods: In 2007, 6970 of the 90,426 internet-registered female breast cancer patients completed an internet-based survey, developed jointly by members of the Department of Surgical Oncology at Emory University and the educational staff at the Healthcare business of Thomson Reuters, formerly Nexcura. After excluding caregivers (n=205), those not within 5 years of diagnosis (n=962) or for whom treatment information was missing (n=40), we analyzed 5763 patients. Chi-square tests were used to assess system characteristics and patient demographics by their second opinion, satisfaction, and informed status. Patient satisfaction was collapsed as low (1-3), moderate (4-6), or high (7-10). How informed patients considered themselves was combined into 3 categories: well-informed (well or very well informed), somewhat informed and uninformed (somewhat or very uninformed). Results: The majority of the 5763 patients were between ages 40 and 59 when diagnosed (75.43%), Caucasian (92.96%), currently married (76.33%), had a household income ≥ $50,000 (60.92%) and at least a 4-year college education (55.78%). Stage I and II cancers comprised 36.61 and 35.71% respectively. Over one-third (n=2039) sought a second opinion. Factors significantly associated with seeking a second opinion were higher socioeconomic or education status, feeling informed, receiving the initial diagnosis from a primary care physician or private community hospital, close proximity to the biopsy location, and less satisfaction with the initial biopsy experience. Patients highly satisfied with their second opinion (87.35%) were more likely to refer others (96.52%), use the second opinion facility for the next treatment (63.90%), and to not seek additional opinions (75.29%). Facility options and initially being treated with surgery or systemic therapy predicted high satisfaction with initial treatment. Medical oncologists were the most frequently cited primary source of breast cancer education (37.81%), followed by surgeons (30.57%), and the internet (12.77%). About 20% who cited these sources considered themselves somewhat or very uninformed. Conclusions: Women who seek information via the internet rely primarily on medical professionals for their breast cancer education. Factors related to the initial biopsy affect the likelihood of patients seeking a second opinion, satisfaction with second opinions can influence choices regarding the ensuing treatment steps, and factors associated with initial treatment influence patient satisfaction. Probing the issues underlying these findings could improve care for all. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3107.
ClinQuery: A System for Online Searching of Data in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Charles Safran
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

We designed a user-friendly computer program that permits physicians to search the clinical database of Boston's Beth Israel Hospital by clinical and demographic descriptors. For example, the user can identify all admissions in which diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed, the serum bicarbonate level was under 12 mmol/L, and the length of stay exceeded 7 days. Once particular admissions are identified, all data stored in the computerized record can be displayed. Authorized persons can also request the patient's complete medical record for further study. Over a 30-month period, 530 doctors, nurses, medical students, and administrators used the program to search the hospital's clinical database 1786 times. They displayed detailed information on 30 851 patients and requested the complete medical record 5319 times. In 1389 of the 1786 searches completed, the searcher responded to a computer-based questionnaire about motivation for the search. Responses indicated that 32% of the searches were for clinical research, 17% for patient care, 17% for teaching and education, 11% for hospital administration, and 12% for general exploration. In 58% of the searches, respondents indicated definite or probable success in finding the desired information. We conclude that physicians and allied personnel will repeatedly obtain, view, and analyze aggregate clinical information if they are provided with appropriate tools. We believe that such access to clinical information is an important resource for patient care, teaching, and clinical research.
The elusive link between coronary flow and functional reserve in mild dilated cardiomyopathy: a positron emission tomography and 2D-echocardiography study
Authors: L. Pratali, D. Neglia, M. Bartoli, M. Gallopin, G. Sambuceti, E. Picano, A. L'Abbate, O. Parodi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Gender Differences in Hospitalizations for IDDM Among Adolescents in California, 1991: Implications for prevention
Authors: Barbara A Cohn, Piera M Cirillo, Deborah L Wingard, Donald F Austin, Steven D Roffers
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Describe gender differences in hospitalizations for IDDM to investigate the need for gender-specific interventions to reduce diabetes-related morbidity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Analyses were based on hospital discharges with any mention of IDDM (n = 2,889) and the subset of these for IDDM as a principal diagnosis (n = 2,270) in California children, ages 0–18 years during 1991. Pregnancy-related hospitalizations were excluded. RESULTS Females had more diabetes hospitalizations among discharges with any mention of diabetes, among discharges with diabetes as a principal diagnosis, and among discharges with diabetic ketoacidosis as a principal diagnosis. For diabetes as a principal diagnosis, females had 40% more hospitalizations, 44% more repeated hospitalizations, 23% more individuals hospitalized, and significantly higher rates of hospitalizations for ages 10–14 years (50 vs. 38 per 100,000) and for ages 15–18 years (68 vs. 29 per 100,000). Gender differences occurred primarily in adolescents, were independent of complicating conditions at the time of hospitalization, and were observed for diabetic ketoacidosis alone. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent females had more diabetes hospitalizations than did males. The underlying cause may be biological or behavioral. Management protocols tailored for young women may be required to reduce hospitalizations for IDDM among females.
Developmental upregulation of human parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide receptor gene expression from conserved and human-specific promoters.
Authors: J D Bettoun, M Minagawa, G N Hendy, L C Alpert, C G Goodyer, D Goltzman, J H White
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor (PTHR) functions in skeletal development and mediates an array of other physiological responses modulated by PTH and PTHrP. PTHR gene transcription in mouse is controlled by two promoters: P1, which is highly and selectively active in kidney; and P2, which functions in a variety of tissues. P1 and P2 are conserved in human tissue; however, P1 activity in kidney is weak. We have now identified a third human promoter, P3, which is widely expressed and accounts for approximately 80% of renal PTHR transcripts in the adult. No P3 activity was detected in mouse kidney, indicating that renal PTHR gene expression is controlled by different signals in human and mouse. During development, only P2 is active at midgestation in many human tissues, including calvaria and long bone. This strongly suggests that factors regulating well conserved P2 control PTHR gene expression during skeletal development. Our results indicate that human PTHR gene transcription is upregulated late in development with the induction of both P1 and P3 promoter activities. In addition, P2-specific transcripts are differentially spliced in a number of human cell lines and adult tissues, but not in fetal tissues, giving rise to a shorter and less structured 5' UTR. Thus, our studies show that both human PTHR gene transcription and mRNA splicing are developmentally regulated. Moreover, our data indicate that renal and nonrenal PTHR gene expression are tightly coordinated in humans.
THE WAR AND THE PROBLEM OF AGING
Authors: V. KORENCHEVSKY
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Professor Sherman<sup>1</sup>has pointed out that by the time a professional man has finished his schooling about one third of his life has passed; another third will be spent in proving to himself and others what he is able to do, and in most cases not until about the age of 50 does he attain or is he promoted to a post of high responsibility and given the fullest opportunities to do his work. This statement is in general true also for civil servants and men in the armed forces and in industry. Therefore the physiology and pathology of aging becomes a war problem, and for medicine it is especially important to decide whether there are available or there can be found any practical means of helping the older man to keep fit both physically and mentally and so to perform his work in the best possible way. As
Endothelial cell expression of tissue factor in sickle mice is augmented by hypoxia/reoxygenation and inhibited by lovastatin
Authors: Anna Solovey, Rahn Kollander, Arun Shet, Liming C. Milbauer, Stephana Choong, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Bruce R. Blazar, Robert J. Kelm, Robert P. Hebbel
Journal: Blood (2004)
Glucose transport and sensing in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and metabolic harmony
Authors: M. A. Herman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Recent data underscore the importance of intertissue communication in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Important signals are conveyed by hormones, cytokines, and fuel substrates and are sensed through a variety of cellular mechanisms. The ability of tissues to sense and adapt to changes in metabolic status and fuel availability is altered in insulin-resistant states including type 2 diabetes. Here we review the roles of glucose and its metabolites as signaling molecules and the diverse physiologic mechanisms for glucose sensing.
Improving Cardiac Surgery Quality—Volume, Outcome, Process?
Authors: David M. Shahian
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Supporters of Canada's health system express fears about new government
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The appointment of Tony Clement as health minister by Canada's newly elected prime minister, Stephen Harper, has alarmed some supporters of the country's publicly funded national healthcare system. They regard Mr Clement, who was previously Ontario's health minister, as preferring a two tier (public-private) system.

“It's quite shocking,” said Mike McBane, executive director of the Canadian Health Coalition, a public health advocacy group. “It sends a very clear signal that the prime minister would appoint someone who is ideologically committed to privatising the delivery of the public healthcare system, someone who was aggressively involved in dismantling the Ontario healthcare system, in firing nurses and shutting down hospitals.” …