tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of ventilatory impairment and of chronic mucus hypersecretion to mortality from obstructive lung disease and from all causes.
Authors: P Lange, J Nyboe, M Appleyard, G Jensen, P Schnohr
Journal: Thorax (1990)

The relation of ventilatory impairment and chronic mucus hypersecretion to death from all causes and death from obstructive lung disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma) was studied in 13,756 men and women randomly selected from the general population of the City of Copenhagen. During the 10 year follow up 2288 subjects died. In 164 subjects obstructive lung disease was considered to be an underlying or a contributory cause of death (obstructive lung disease related death); in 73 subjects it was considered to be the underlying cause of death (obstructive lung disease death). Forced expiratory volume in one second, expressed as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1% pred), and the presence of chronic phlegm were used to characterise ventilatory function and chronic mucus hypersecretion respectively. For mortality analysis the proportional hazards regression model of Cox was used; it included age, sex, pack years, inhalation habit, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and the presence or absence of asthma, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus as confounding factors. By comparison with subjects with an FEV1 of 80% pred or more, subjects with an FEV1 below 40% pred had increased risk of dying from all causes (relative risk (RR) = 5.0 for women, 2.7 for men), a higher risk of obstructive lung disease related death (RR = 57 for women, 34 for men), and a higher risk of obstructive lung disease death (RR = 101 for women, 77 for men). Chronic mucus hypersecretion was associated with only a slightly higher risk of death from all causes (RR = 1.1 for women, 1.3 for men). The association between chronic mucus hypersecretion and obstructive lung disease death varied with the level of ventilatory function, being weak in subjects with normal ventilatory function (for an FEV1 of 80% pred the RR was 1.2), but more pronounced in subjects with reduced ventilatory function (for an FEV1 of 40% pred the RR was 4.2). A similar though statistically non-significant trend was observed with regard to obstructive lung disease related death. This study shows that impaired lung function is very strongly related to total mortality, obstructive lung disease related mortality, and obstructive lung disease mortality and suggests that chronic mucus hypersecretion, in those with impaired ventilatory function, is also a significant risk factor for death from obstructive lung disease.
Autonomous Cortisol Secretion by a Lipoid Cell Tumor of the Ovary
Authors: Ryszard J. Chetkowski
Journal: JAMA (1985)

LIPOID cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms that often secrete androgens and manifest themselves with symptoms of virilization. For this reason, androgen secretion has been studied in several previous cases.<sup>1-6</sup>Cushingoid features have also been associated with a few of these patients,<sup>1,4,7,8</sup>but in only one was cortisol secretion by the tumor adequately documented.<sup>9</sup>This article describes a young woman with hirsutism and amenorrhea due to a lipoid cell tumor of the ovary and hypercortisolemia. Proof is provided that the ovarian lipoid cell tumor was the source of her hypercortisolism. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 20-year-old nulligravid woman was referred to the UCLA Gynecologic Endocrinology Clinic because of hirsutism and amenorrhea. Menarche occurred at the age of 12 years and was followed by irregular menses. At the age of 15 years, the patient was first seen for evaluation of hirsutism. At that time, her serum testosterone level
PRACTICAL VALUE OF EXAMINATION FOR ENDAMEBA HISTOLYTICA BY CULTURE
Authors: J. H. ST. JOHN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The discovery of a successful method<sup>1</sup>for the cultivation of<i>Endameba histolytica</i>has given the medical profession a valuable aid in the management of amebic dysentery. The following exerpts from my experience may serve to exemplify the worth of the procedure. Patient F. C., Walter Reed General Hospital, had had amebic infection for about ten years. Several years prior to his admission, a colostomy had been performed in a civil hospital for the purpose of treatment by irrigation. Motile amebas, containing red blood cells, were present in the stool and in the colostomy wound. Study of the movements and structure of the nucleus provided additional proof that the ameba was undoubtedly E. histolytica. Culture in this case was positive in twenty-four hours, and the ameba recovered was identical with that observed in direct examinations. By subculturing every forty-eight hours, this ameba has been carried in culture for the last
Calf muscle adaptation to peripheral vascular disease
Authors: C. A C CLYNE, H MEARS, R O WELLER, T F O'DONNELL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

130 muscle biopsies were taken from the gastrocnemius of 82 patients with different degrees of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and 19 normal controls for histochemical analysis, and 30 patients and 7 controls for biochemical analysis of "aerobic" and "anaerobic" enzymes. The results showed that the gastrocnemius of patients with PVD did not adapt by increasing its "aerobic" potential as previously suggested. Histochemical studies showed that the cross-sectional area of both Type 1 and Type 2 muscle fibres became smaller than those from age-matched controls in the presence of PVD, and in some cases biopsies from both legs confirmed that this trend was greater in those limbs with increasing evidence of PVD. There is also some evidence to suggest a decrease in absolute capillary numbers per muscle fibre. The biochemical assays confirmed decreased levels of aerobic enzymes with increasing evidence of PVD as judged by ankle systolic pressure, and those patients with intermittent claudication showed some evidence of increased anaerobic enzyme levels in comparison to both the normal controls and those with rest pain. Patients with PVD do not adapt to ischaemia/anoxia by increasing their aerobic capability, but show signs of muscle atrophy probably due to reduced mobility. Training regimes may benefit patients with intermittent claudication by reversing these changes.
1174 DEEP SEQUENCING SCREENING FOR TELAPREVIR-RESISTANT VIRAL VARIANTS IN PREVIOUS NULL RESPONDERS FAILS TO IDENTIFY THOSE PATIENTS AT RISK OF FAILING TELAPREVIR PLUS PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN THERAPY
Authors: S. De Meyer, K. Thys, I. Dierynck, A. Ghys, J. Aerssens, G. Picchio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Guidelines from the British Hypertension Society: Is hypertension really a disease?
Authors: Paul A Sackin
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Electrical stimulation of the auditory periphery organ by cochlear implant (CI) generates highly synchronized inputs to the auditory system. It has long been thought such inputs would lead to highly synchronized neural firing along the ascending auditory pathway. However, neurophysiological studies with hearing animals have shown that the central auditory system progressively converts temporal representations of time-varying sounds to firing rate-based representations. It is not clear whether this coding principle also applies to highly synchronized CI inputs. Higher frequency modulations in CI stimulation have been found to evoke largely transient responses with little sustained firing in previous studies of the primary auditory cortex (A1) in anesthetized animals. Here we show that, in addition to neurons displaying synchronized firing to CI stimuli, a large population of A1 neurons in awake marmosets (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>) responded to rapid time-varying CI stimulation with discharges that were not synchronized to CI stimuli, but yet reflected changing repetition frequency by increased firing rate. Marmosets of both sexes were included in this study. By directly comparing each neuron9s responses to time-varying acoustic and CI signals, we found that individual A1 neurons encode both modalities with similar firing patterns (stimulus-synchronized or non-synchronized). These findings suggest that A1 neurons utilize the same basic coding schemes to represent time-varying acoustic or CI stimulation and provide new insights into mechanisms underlying how the brain processes natural sounds via a CI device. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> In modern cochlear implant (CI) processors, the temporal information in speech or environmental sounds is delivered through modulated electric pulse trains. How the auditory cortex represents temporally modulated CI stimulation across multiple time scales has remained largely unclear. In this study we directly compared neuronal responses in primary auditory cortex (A1) to time varying acoustic and CI signals in awake marmoset monkeys. We found that A1 neurons encode both modalities using similar coding schemes, though some important differences were identified. Our results provide insights into mechanisms underlying how the brain processes sounds via a CI device, and suggest a candidate neural code underlying rate-pitch perception limitations often observed in CI users.
The Relationship of the Baseline ECG to Blood Pressure Change
Authors: David Sparrow
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A total of 1,090 male participants (aged 23 to 80 years) of the Normative Aging Study who had baseline BP less than 140/90 mm Hg were observed prospectively for ten years. Blood pressures were taken at five- and ten-year follow-up examinations. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that baseline levels of systolic pressure, age, R-wave amplitude (aV<sub>L</sub>), hematocrit, T-wave amplitude (V<sub>5</sub>), and S-wave amplitude (V<sub>4</sub>, V<sub>5</sub>, and V<sub>6</sub>) were statistically significant predictors of systolic pressure change. Baseline levels of diastolic pressure, R-wave amplitude (aV<sub>L</sub>), and hematocrit were statistically significant predictors of diastolic pressure change. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that baseline levels of BP, S-wave amplitude (V<sub>1</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>, and V<sub>3</sub>), body mass index, R-wave amplitude (V<sub>4</sub>, V<sub>5</sub>, and V<sub>6</sub>), and T-wave amplitude (V<sub>5</sub>) were statistically significant predictors of subsequent hypertension. Whether the identified ECG amplitudes are an indicator of early increases in peripheral resistance or a function of neurohumoral factors, or both, is unknown. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1285-1288)
Roles of CIA Physicians in Enhanced Interrogation and Torture of Detainees
Authors: Leonard S. Rubenstein, Stephen N. Xenakis
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intranasal delivery of the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 using a novel protein transduction domain prevents allergic inflammation
Authors: Je-Min Choi, Mi-Hyun Ahn, Wook-Jin Chae, Yung-Gook Jung, Jae-Chul Park, Hyun-Mi Song, Young-Eun Kim, Jung-Ah Shin, Choon-Sik Park, Jung-Won Park, Tae-Kwann Park, Jung-Hoon Lee, Byung-Fhy Seo, Kyun-Do Kim, Eun-Sung Kim, Dong-Ho Lee, Seung-Kyou Lee, Sang-Kyou Lee
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
THE OPERATIONAL MATRIX OF PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE II. VARIABILITY IN PSYCHIATRIC IMPRESSIONS AND THE PROJECTION HYPOTHESIS
Authors: GEORGE N. RAINES, JOHN H. ROHRER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

The study was designed to test the hypothesis that observed variations between psychiatrists, with respect to diagnostic judgment, reflected a tendency on the part of the psychiatrists to attribute to his client some of the psychiatrist's own personality characteristics, and that this tendency made the psychiatrists more sensitive to certain facets of the personality structure of the psychiatrists and also resulted in a greater perceptual distortion for other facets of the patient's personality structure. The design utilized involved 5 civilian psychiatrists all of whom had received advanced psychoanalytic training in the same institute. The 4 junior psychiatrists in this group were used as assessment psychiatrists in a special assessment program of 116 enlisted men on duty in a Naval installation. The senior psychiatrist was used to assess the psychodynamic structure of the 4 junior psychiatrists. The data on the 116 enlisted men comprised diagnostic clinical summaries dictated immediately following an interview that lasted approximately 30 minutes. These data were analyzed through the use of content analysis techniques. Thus, two independent measures of the psychodynamic structure of the junior psychiatrist were available: (a) the senior psychiatrist's impressions written up in the form of a clinical diagnostic summary; and (b) the "projected" reflections of the psychiatrist's psychodynamic structure as revealed in the content analysis of his clinical summaries. Those content analysis categories that were found to differ between the junior assessing psychiatrists at a statistically significant level were compared with the comparable data to be found in the assessment made by the senior psychiatrist. A high degree of agreement was observed between the two independent measures. The results of this analysis were interpreted as supporting the projection hypothesis. They also suggest that the hypothesis needs to be expanded to include identification processes, and the psychiatrist's value system and self image. The results are briefly discussed in terms of their implication for psychiatric training, psychiatric theory building relative to psychodynamic principles, and reliable psychiatric diagnosis.
Interferon-dependent IL-10 production by Tregs limits tumor Th17 inflammation
Authors: C. Andrew Stewart, Hannah Metheny, Noriho Iida, Loretta Smith, Miranda Hanson, Folkert Steinhagen, Robert M. Leighty, Axel Roers, Christopher L. Karp, Werner MÃ¼ller, Giorgio Trinchieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The capacity of IL-10 and Tregs in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment to impair anticancer Th1 immunity makes them attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. IL-10 and Tregs also suppress Th17 activity, which is associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. However, previous studies have overlooked their potential contribution to the regulation of pathogenic cancer-associated inflammation. In this study, we investigated the origin and function of IL-10–producing cells in the tumor microenvironment using transplantable tumor models in mice. The majority of tumor-associated IL-10 was produced by an activated Treg population. IL-10 production by Tregs was required to restrain Th17-type inflammation. Accumulation of activated IL-10+ Tregs in the tumor required type I IFN signaling but not inflammatory signaling pathways that depend on TLR adapter protein MyD88 or IL-12 family cytokines. IL-10 production limited Th17 cell numbers in both spleen and tumor. However, type I IFN was required to limit Th17 cells specifically in the tumor microenvironment, reflecting selective control of tumor-associated Tregs by type I IFN. Thus, the interplay of type I IFN, Tregs, and IL-10 is required to negatively regulate Th17 inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic interference of this network could therefore have the undesirable consequence of promoting Th17 inflammation and cancer growth.
The Usefulness of the RPR-Reply
Authors: Eric B. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  We appreciate Dr Boren's comments. It was an oversight that reference was made to the RPR test. This test was excluded from our retrospective analysis, since, as Dr Boren points out, it has essentially no relevance to operative or perioperative management. The test is often included in preoperative panels as a holdover from the time when it was routinely ordered on every admission. As such, it represents general medical screening in a preoperative population, and as we state in our discussion, our study specifically excluded consideration of such testing.  However, since completion of the retrospective study, others besides Dr Boren have suggested the value of broadening the scope of studies such as ours to include RPR testing, urinalysis, chest roentgenography, and electrocardiography. In a pilot study to evaluate the use of questionnaires filled out by the patient or the physician to identify indications for testing, we have the
AP-1 Is Involved in UTP-Induced Osteopontin Expression in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: M.-A. Renault, S. Jalvy, I. Belloc, S. Pasquet, S. Sena, M. Olive, C. Desgranges, A.-P. Gadeau
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Osteopontin (OPN), an RGD-containing extracellular matrix protein, is associated with arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) activation in vitro and in vivo. Many cytokines and growth factors involved in vessel wall remodeling induce OPN overexpression. Moreover, we recently demonstrated that the extracellular nucleotide UTP also induces OPN expression and that OPN is essential for UTP-mediated SMC migration. Thus, we set out to investigate the mechanisms of OPN expression. The aim of this study was to identify transcription factors involved in the regulation of OPN expression in SMCs. First, we explored the contribution of mRNA stabilization and transcription in the increase of UTP-induced OPN mRNA levels. We show that UTP induced OPN mRNA increases via both OPN mRNA stabilization and OPN promoter activation. Then, to identify transcription factors involved in UTP-induced OPN transcription, we located a promoter element activated by UTP within the rat OPN promoter using a gene reporter assay strategy. The -96 to +1 region mediated UTP-induced OPN overexpression (+276+/-60%). Sequence analysis of this region revealed a potential site for AP-1 located at -76. When this AP-1 site was deleted, UTP-induced activation of the -96 to +1 region was totally inhibited. Thus, this AP-1 (-76) site is involved in UTP-induced OPN transcription. A supershift assay revealed that both c-Fos and c-Jun bind to this AP-1 site. Finally, we demonstrate that angiotensin II and platelet-derived growth factor, two main factors involved in vessel wall pathology, also modulated OPN expression via AP-1 activation.
Private Arsenals and Public Peril
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In the aftermath of the shootings at the Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Arkansas, Karen Curtner, the principal of the school, said, “The issue here is not the weapon or the gun that was used. That has really nothing to do with what happened. We have to look further than that.”1 Jim Simon, an Arkansas gun-control opponent, agreed. “The problem isn't the guns,” he said. “It's what the kids are doing with them.”2 National Rifle Association (NRA) spokesman Bill Powers declared, “Lawful arms ownership has nothing to do with this tragedy.”1 And another NRA spokesman concurred: “This is not a . . .
PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF EV–077 IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS ON CLOPIDOGREL MONOTHERAPY: RESULTS OF AN IN VITRO PILOT INVESTIGATION
Authors: Fabiana Rollini, Antonio Tello–Montoliu, Ronakkumar Patel, Andrew Darlington, Ryan Wilson, Ana Muñiz–Lozano, Francesco Franchi, Bhaloo Desai, Norbert Bender, Kjell Sakariassen, Dominick J Angiolillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Anacetrapib as lipid-modifying therapy in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (REALIZE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
Authors: John J P Kastelein, Joost Besseling, Sukrut Shah, Jean Bergeron, Gisle Langslet, G Kees Hovingh, Naab Al-Saady, Michiel Koeijvoets, John Hunter, Amy O Johnson-Levonas, Jennifer Fable, Aditi Sapre, Yale Mitchel
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
The anti-cancer activity of a cationic anti-microbial peptide derived from monomers of polyhydroxyalkanoate
Authors: Stephen O'Connor, Emilia Szwej, Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic, Aisling O'Connor, Annette T. Byrne, Marc Devocelle, Norma O'Donovan, William M. Gallagher, Ramesh Babu, Shane T. Kenny, Manfred Zinn, Qun Ren Zulian, Kevin E. O'Connor
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Curvilinearity in the dose-response curve for cancer in Japanese atomic bomb survivors.
Authors: M P Little, C R Muirhead
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Recently released data on cancer incidence in Japanese atomic bomb survivors are analyzed using a variety of relative risk models that take account of errors in estimates of dose to assess the dose response at low doses. If a relative risk model with a threshold (the dose response is assumed linear above the threshold) is fitted to solid cancer data, a threshold of more than about 0.2 Sv is inconsistent with the data, whereas these data are consistent with there being no threshold. Among solid cancer subtypes there is strong evidence for a possible dose threshold only for nonmelanoma skin cancer. If a relative risk model with a threshold (the dose response is assumed linear above the threshold) is fitted to the leukemia data, a threshold of more than about 0.3 Sv is inconsistent with the data. In contrast to the estimates for the threshold level for solid cancer data, the best estimate for the threshold level in the leukemia data is significantly different from zero even when allowance is made for a possible quadratic term in the dose response, albeit at borderline levels of statistical significance (p = 0.04). There is little evidence for curvature in the leukemia dose response from 0.2 Sv upwards. However, possible underestimation of the errors in the estimates of the dose threshold as a result of confounding and uncertainties not taken into account in the analysis, together with the lack of biological plausibility of a threshold, makes interpretation of this finding questionable.
STROKE IN PEDIATRIC CARDIAC SURGICAL PATIENTS ON EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXTRACORPOREAL LIFE SUPPORT ORGANIZATION DATABASE
Authors: David Werho, Sara Pasquali, Sunkyung Yu, Janet Donohue, Gail Annich, Ravi Thiagarajan, Jennifer Hirsch, Michael Gaies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Diphosphonate Treatment in Bone Disease
Authors: Herbert Fleisch, J.-Philippe Bonjour
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Great progress has been achieved in the last two decades in bone and calcium physiology. Understanding of collagen, proteoglycan and apatite structure and of calcium metabolism has improved a great deal. Two new hormones, calcitonin and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, have been discovered. Despite all these developments, the treatment of most of the diseases involving calcium is little changed from that of 20 years ago. A number of diverse therapeutic agents have been tried with varying success. The latest newcomers are the diphosphonates, and in this issue of the Journal, Altman et al. describe the use of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) in Paget's . . .