tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Activation Ameliorates Fibrosis in the Atrium
Authors: Hidehiro Nakajima, Hisako O. Nakajima, Klaus Dembowsky, Kishore B.S. Pasumarthi, Loren J. Field
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

MHC-TGFcys 33 ser transgenic mice have elevated levels of active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 in the myocardium. Previous studies have shown that these animals develop atrial, but not ventricular, fibrosis. Here we show that atrial fibrosis was accompanied with cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Although similar levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis were present in the right and left atria of MHC-TGFcys 33 ser hearts, the extent of fibrosis was more pronounced in the right atrium. Thus, additional factors influence the degree of atrial fibrosis in this model. Tritiated thymidine incorporation studies revealed cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in left atrial cardiomyocytes, but not in right atrial cardiomyocytes. These observations suggested that cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation ameliorated the severity of atrial fibrosis. To directly test this hypothesis, MHC-TGFcys 33 ser mice were crossed with MHC-cycD2 mice (which have constitutive cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in the right atrium). Mice inheriting both transgenes exhibited right atrial cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and a concomitant reduction in the severity of right atrial fibrosis, despite the presence of a similar level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis as was observed in mice inheriting the MHC-TGFcys 33 ser transgene alone. These data support the notion that cardiomyocyte cell cycle induction can antagonize fibrosis in the myocardium.
New Psychopharmacologic Treatment Strategies
Authors: Ira D. Glick, Charles DeBattista
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters4 December 2001New Psychopharmacologic Treatment StrategiesIra D. Glick, MD and Charles DeBattista, MDIra D. Glick, MDStanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA 94305Search for more papers by this author and Charles DeBattista, MDStanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA 94305Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-11-200112040-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Stokes' positive comments about our update. Regarding his concerns, first, we agree that lithium has a “clear early response.” Our point was that anticonvulsants, such as divalproex, may allow loading doses to be used, which may allow earlier onset of action (1). Second, although antidepressant effects may be seen in the first week, few clinical trials show a separation from placebo in the first week. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors start at full therapeutic dose, but there is likewise little evidence that they separate from placebo in the first week (2).References1. Hirschfeld RM, Allen MH, McEvoy JP, Keck PE, Russell JM. Safety and tolerability of oral loading divalproex sodium in acutely manic bipolar patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60:815-8. [PMID: 10665626] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Leon AC, Blier P, Culpepper L, Gorman JM, Hirschfeld RM, Nierenberg AA, et al . An ideal trial to test differential onset of antidepressant effect. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl 4 34-6; discussion 37-40. [PMID: 11229787] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ira D. Glick, MD; Charles DeBattista, MDAffiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA 94305 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPsychopharmacologic Treatment Strategies for Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia Ira D. Glick , Trisha Suppes , Charles DeBattista , Rona J. Hu , and Stephen Marder New Psychopharmacologic Treatment Strategies Peter E. Stokes Metrics Cited byDepression and Anxiety in Urban Hemodialysis Patients 4 December 2001Volume 135, Issue 11Page: 1008KeywordsAnticonvulsantsClinical trialsSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ePublished: 4 December 2001 Issue Published: 4 December 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
1105. DQAsomes Deliver Mitochondrial Leader Peptide Conjugates of Plasmid and Linear Double-Stranded DNA into Mitochondria within Living Mammalian Cells
Authors: Gerard G. M. D'Souza, Sarathi V. Boddapati, Robert N. Lightowlers, Volkmar Weissig
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Introduction: Cationic vesicles composed of mitochondriotropic quinolinium derivatives (|[ldquo]|DQAsomes|[rdquo]|) are being developed by us as the first mitochondria-specific transfection vectors. Our strategy for mitochondrial gene therapy involves the delivery of a mitochondrial leader sequence peptide (MLS)-DNA conjugate to mitochondria, the liberation of this conjugate from the cationic vector at the mitochondrial membrane followed by the MLS mediated uptake of the DNA. We have shown previously that DQAsomes fulfill all essential prerequisites for a mitochondria-specific DNA delivery system: They bind and protect pDNA, mediate its cellular uptake, are endosomolytically active, deliver (in contrast to Lipofectin) pDNA adjacent to mitochondria and release pDNA upon contact with mitochondrial membranes within living cells.
Lipid (Cholesterol) Granulomatosis (Chester-Erdheim Disease) and Congenital Megacalices
Authors: H L ATKINS, J F KLOPPER, A N ANSARI, J IWAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

ATKINS, H L M.D.; KLOPPER, J F M.B., ChB.; ANSARI, A N M.D.; IWAI, J M.D. Author Information
Enteroviral RNA Replication in the Myocardium of Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Clinically Suspected Myocarditis
Authors: Matthias Pauschinger, Andrea Doerner, Uwe Kuehl, Peter L. Schwimmbeck, Wolfgang Poller, Reinhard Kandolf, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Previous studies dealing with the detection of enteroviral RNA in human endomyocardial biopsies have not differentiated between latent persistence of the enteroviral genome and active viral replication. Enteroviruses that are considered important factors for the development of myocarditis have a single-strand RNA genome of positive polarity that is transcribed by a virus-encoded RNA polymerase into a minus-strand mRNA during active viral replication. The synthesis of multiple copies of minus-strand enteroviral RNA therefore occurs only at sites of active viral replication but not in tissues with mere persistence of the viral genome.We investigated enteroviral RNA replication versus enteroviral RNA persistence in endomyocardial biopsies of 45 patients with left ventricular dysfunction and clinically suspected myocarditis. Using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with Southern blot hybridization, we established a highly sensitive assay to specifically detect plus-strand versus minus-strand enteroviral RNA in the biopsies. Plus-strand enteroviral RNA was detected in endomyocardial biopsies of 18 (40%) of 45 patients, whereas minus-strand RNA as an indication of active enteroviral RNA replication was detected in only 10 (56%) of these 18 plus-strand-positive patients. Enteroviral RNA was not found in biopsies of the control group (n=26).These data demonstrate that a significant fraction of patients with left ventricular dysfunction and clinically suspected myocarditis had active enteroviral RNA replication in their myocardium (22%). Differentiation between patients with active viral replication and latent viral persistence should be particularly important in future studies evaluating different therapeutic strategies. In addition, molecular genetic detection of enteroviral genome and differentiation between replicating versus persistent viruses is possible in a single endomyocardial biopsy.
FDA Approval of Paroxetine for Menopausal Hot Flushes
Authors: Ronald J. Orleans, Li Li, Myong-Jin Kim, Jia Guo, Mahboob Sobhan, Lisa Soule, Hylton V. Joffe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

An FDA advisory committee recommended against approving paroxetine for menopausal vasomotor symptoms. But recognizing the lack of hormone-free products for this indication, and after reviewing the drug's efficacy and safety, the FDA decided it can benefit some women.
Myths and realities
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2007)

You must have heard the one about the man who woke up in a bath full of ice, with two incisions on his back. He'd been drugged the night before by a criminal gang, who then stole and sold his kidneys for illicit transplantations. It's definitely true. The bloke down the pub says that his stepsister's hairdresser swears blind that he knows someone who used to live in the same street as the poor guy it happened to.

There's something for …
Thoracic endometriosis: rare presentation as a solitary pulmonary nodule with eccentric cavitations
Authors: C-H Lee, Y-C Huang, S-F Huang, Y-K Wu, K-T Kuo
Journal: Thorax (2009)

A 41-year-old woman who suffered from monthly haemoptysis for >16 years was referred to a chest surgeon due to an abnormal chest radiograph. The haemoptysis usually occurred on the first day of her menses and lasted ∼3 days. She had poliomyelitis during her childhood and underwent two caesarean sections about two decades previously. There was no prior history of dysmenorrhoeal or abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Physical examinations and laboratory investigations were unremarkable. The chest radiograph (fig 1A) showed a right lower lobe nodule. CT scan …
Carrying Passengers as a Risk Factor for Crashes Fatal to 16- and 17-Year-Old Drivers
Authors: Li-Hui Chen
Journal: JAMA (2000)

are the leading cause of death among teenagers in the United States, accounting for 36% of all deaths of persons aged 15 to 19 years. 1 The fatal crash rate per million miles for 16-year-old drivers is more than 7 times the rate for drivers aged 30 to 59 years. 2 Nearly the same number of deaths occur among teenaged passengers as teenaged drivers: in 1993, two thirds of the deaths of passengers aged 13 to 19 years occurred when teenagers were driving. 3In recent years, increased attention has been given to graduated licensing systems.The basic premise of these systems is that beginning drivers need to earn a full license step-by-step.Three stages-a supervised learner's period, an intermediate license, and a full-privilege driver's license-are the central framework for graduated licensing systems.During the learner's period, beginning drivers can drive only under supervision.For the intermediate period, restrictions vary widely by state in the United States and may include restrictions on nighttime driving and carrying passengers. 4raduated licensing systems are recommended by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and en-couraged through an incentive grant program. 5 As of January 2000, 24 states had adopted full graduated licensing systems with all 3 stages.Only 9 of these 24 states included any restrictions related to teenaged drivers carrying passengers. 4lthough past studies 6-8 provided evidence suggesting a relationship between carrying passengers and crash risk for teenaged drivers, they had insufficient information on travel expo-sure patterns, driver characteristics, and passenger attributes.Knowing the circumstances associated with increased risk to teenaged drivers is useful for
Inward Rectifier K+ Currents and Kir2.1 Expression in Renal Afferent and Efferent Arterioles
Authors: Lisa Chilton, Kathy Loutzenhiser, Ezequiel Morales, Jennifer Breaks, Gary J. Kargacin, Rodger Loutzenhiser
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

The afferent and efferent arterioles regulate the inflow and outflow resistance of the glomerulus, acting in concert to control the glomerular capillary pressure and glomerular filtration rate. The myocytes of these two vessels are remarkably different, especially regarding electromechanical coupling. This study investigated the expression and function of inward rectifier K(+) channels in these two vessels using perfused hydronephrotic rat kidneys and arterioles and myocytes isolated from normal rat kidneys. In afferent arterioles pre-constricted with angiotensin II, elevating [K(+)](0) from 5 to 15 mmol/L induced hyperpolarization (-27 +/- 2 to 41 +/- 3 mV) and vasodilation (6.6 +/- 0.9 to 13.1 +/- 0.6 microm). This manipulation also attenuated angiotensin II-induced Ca(2+) signaling, an effect blocked by 100 micromol/LBa(2+). By contrast, elevating [K(+)](o) did not alter angiotensin II-induced Ca2(+) signaling or vasoconstriction in efferent arterioles, even though a significant hyperpolarization was observed (from -30 +/- 1 to 37 +/- 3 mV, P = 0.003). Both vessels expressed mRNA for Kir2.1 and exhibited anti-Kir2.1 antibody labeling.Patch-clamp measurements revealed prominent inwardly rectifying and Ba(2+)-sensitive currents in afferent and efferent arteriolar myocytes. Our findings indicate that both arterioles express an inward rectifier K(+) current, but that modulation of this current alters responsiveness of only the a different arteriole. The expression of Kir in the efferent arteriole, a resistance vessel whose tone is not affected by membrane potential, is intriguing and may suggest a novel function of this channel in the renal microcirculation.
Unmasking of ventricular preexcitation by vagal stimulation or isoproterenol administration.
Authors: J Przybylski, P A Chiale, M S Halpern, G J Nau, M V Elizari, M B Rosenbaum
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Twenty-one patients were studied in whom ventricular preexcitation (VP) had been recorded in the past and had later disappeared, indicating antegrade block in the accessory pathway (AP), either spontaneously (10 patients) or under the effect of chronic treatment with amiodarone (11 patients). VP reappeared in nine cases during vagal stimulation, and in five cases during an i.v. isoproterenol infusion. Retrograde conduction over the AP was studied in four of the remaining seven patients and was found to be present in three and absent in one. Although these patients differ from the ordinary patient with concealed AP in that antegrade preexcitation had been demonstrated in the past, this study suggests that concealed VP may result from the following mechanisms: 1) an extremely prolonged refractory period in the AP, causing a rate-dependent VP that can be identified during vagal stimulation; 2) a rate-independent depression of antegrade conduction that can be reversed by isoproterenol; 3) a depression of conduction that is apparently no longer reversible. Only in the latter case is a study of retrograde conduction needed to identify the concealed VP. These three mechanisms are likely to be a natural sequence of events leading to complete antegrade block in the AP.
How Long Should Catheter-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection in Women Be Treated?
Authors: Godfrey K. M. Harding, Lindsay E. Nicolle, Allan R. Ronald, Jutta K. Preiksaitis, Kevin R. Forward, Donald E. Low, Mary Cheang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To determine the optimal management of catheter-acquired bacteriuria after short-term catheter use in women.Asymptomatic patients (119) with catheter-acquired bacteriuria were randomly assigned to receive no therapy, a single dose (320-1600 mg) of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or 10 days (160-800 mg twice daily) of therapy. Thirty-two patients with lower tract symptoms alone received a single dose or 10 days of therapy, and 10 patients with upper tract symptoms or signs received 10 days of therapy.The mean and median durations of catheter use were 6 and 4 days, respectively. Bacteriuria resolved within 14 days without therapy in 15 of 42 (36%; 95% CI, 21% to 51%) asymptomatic patients. Seven of the remaining patients developed symptoms. Single-dose therapy resolved infection in 30 of 37 patients (81%; CI, 68% to 94%); 10 days of therapy resolved infection in 26 of 33 (79%; CI, 65% to 93%). For patients with lower tract symptoms alone, resolution rates with single-dose therapy or 10 days of therapy were similar (11 of 14 [79%] and 13 of 16 [81%], respectively). Ten days of therapy resolved infection in 6 of 9 (67%) patients with upper tract symptoms. Infection was resolved more often in women who were less than or equal to 65 years than in older women (62 of 70 [89%] versus 24 of 39 [62%]; P less than 0.001). Bacteriuria resolved spontaneously more frequently in younger (14 of 19 [74%] compared with 1 of 23 older women [4%]; P less than 0.001). Single-dose therapy resolved infection in 31 of 33 (94%) patients who were less than or equal to 65 years.Asymptomatic bacteriuria after short-term catheter use frequently becomes symptomatic and should be treated. For asymptomatic patients and patients with lower tract symptoms alone, single-dose therapy was as effective as 10 days of therapy; it was very effective in women who were less than or equal to 65 years. Bacteriuria resolved spontaneously within 14 days after catheter removal more commonly in women who were less than or equal to 65 years and both types of therapy were less effective in older women.
Controlling deaths from volatile substance abuse.
Authors: M. T. Malcolm
Journal: BMJ (1992)

found for 35 drugs.Contrary to hospital advice, 59 drugs were issued in childproof containers.We had spent time counselling the patients on their treatment before discharge.We had attempted to improve communication by sending a copy of the discharge prescription to the general practitioner by first class post and alerting the practice surgery by telephone to the patient's discharge.Closer communication between hospital and community care professionals is clearly required.Hospitals should endeavour to inform general practitioners of patients' discharge on the day of discharge or the next working day, and a subse- quent home visit by either the doctor or a liaison health visitor would facilitate continuity of treat- ment.We agree that a more active role for community pharmacists would help iron out potential sources of confusion in nomenclature, timing of doses, and containers and would benefit this vulnerable group of patients.
Oxygen Prescribing Practices: Measurement of Po2
Authors: Robert O. Crapo
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Skorodin's recent review of current oxygen prescribing practices<sup>1</sup>points to the American Thoracic Society Blood Gas Proficiency Testing Program results<sup>2</sup>as evidence that measurements of arterial oxygen pressure (Po<sub>2</sub>) are less precise than measurements of pH and carbon dioxide pressure. It is important to note that the products currently used for blood gas proficiency testing do not behave like fresh whole blood. The particular product we used and reported has very little oxygen buffering capacity and behaves very much like aqueous material. This characteristic contributes to the large variability of the Po<sub>2</sub>results. Work by the American Thoracic Society Blood Gas Survey reference laboratories demonstrates that the Clark electrode is both accurate and reproducible when assessed with tonometered fresh whole blood, the best material currently available for assessing the accuracy of Po2 measurements. Proficiency testing results cannot be extrapolated to measurements in
French wine makers face legal action over birth defects
Authors: Jane Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2004)

State prosecutors in France are investigating whether manufacturers of alcoholic drinks should face legal action for failing to warn pregnant women about the dangers of alcohol.

Prosecutors in Lille, northern France, opened a probe after complaints from three mothers in Roubaix, just north of Lille, who gave birth to children with fetal alcohol syndrome. The syndrome can lead to physical abnormalities, mental impairment, and behavioural problems.

Benoit Titran, the lawyer representing the three mothers—who have formed an association called Esper (“Ecoute, sante, parents, enfants, respect”)—said that …
Loss of taste associated with isotretinoin
Authors: S.M. Halpern, P.M. Todd, J.D. Kirby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Loss of taste associated with isotretinoin Get access S.M. Halpern, S.M. Halpern Department of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. Todd, P.M. Todd Department of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Kirby J.D. Kirby Department of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 2, 1 February 1996, Page 378, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07641.x Published: 01 February 1996
The integrin coactivator Kindlin-2 plays a critical role in angiogenesis in mice and zebrafish
Authors: Elzbieta Pluskota, James J. Dowling, Natalie Gordon, Jeffrey A. Golden, Dorota Szpak, XiaoXia Z. West, Carla Nestor, Yan-Qing Ma, Katarzyna Bialkowska, Tatiana Byzova, Edward F. Plow
Journal: Blood (2011)
Rifampicin for lepromatous leprosy: nine years' experience.
Authors: M F Waters, R J Rees, J M Pearson, A B Laing, H S Helmy, R H Gelber
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Over 100 patients with lepromatous leprosy were treated with rifampicin in a series of pilot, uncontrolled, and controlled trials in 1968-77. The rapid bactericidal effect of rifampicin on Mycobacterium leprae was confirmed. Clinical improvement became apparent sometimes as early as 14 days after the start of treatment. Nevertheless, a few persisting viable M leprae were detected as long as five years after the start of treatment with rifampicin either by itself or in combination with the bacteriostatic drug thiambutosine. Treatment with rifampicin and dapsone for six months reduced the number of persisting leprosy bacteria more than treatment with dapsone alone. Although rifampicin proved more effective than dapsone, it is unlikely that used by itself if can significantly shorten the length of treatment in lepromatous leprosy. Therefore initial intensive combined treatment with two or more bactericidal drugs (including rifampicin) warrants further investigation in both untreated leprosy and lepromatous leprosy resistant to dapsone.