tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving Care Near the End of Life
Authors: Bernard Lo
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A 56-year-old smoker with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develops pneumonia and respiratory failure and is placed on mechanical ventilation. He dies 2 weeks later, after a stormy intensive care unit (ICU) course complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding and septic shock. The next morning, the ICU team questions how such a series of events occurred. Although each intervention could be justified as a response to a treatable complication, did the team truly consider the patient's overall prognosis or determine whether he really wanted such aggressive care? See also p 1591. The Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT) intervention described in this issue ofThe Journalattempted to prevent such high-technology deaths.<sup>1</sup>The SUPPORT investigators are to be congratulated on a rigorous, complex project. Yet, despite their best efforts in this multicenter randomized clinical trial, the intervention failed to improve any of the study outcomes.
Epstein-Barr virus infection and autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P Venables
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Leading article: Epstein-Barr virus infection and autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis RA'1 17 and in children with juvenile chronic arth- ritis, though others have found anti-EBVCA titres in RA were the same as those in controls. 19 2One study which compared anti-EBVCA antibody titres 265
Congenital infiltrating lipoma of the upper limb in a patient with von Willebrand disease
Authors: J.M. Lasso, A. España, M.I. Zudaire, E. De Alava, A. Bazán
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Congenital infiltrating lipoma of the upper limb in a patient with von Willebrand disease Get access J.M. Lasso, J.M. Lasso Departments of Plastic Surgery, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. España, A. España Dermatology, Agustı´n España. E‐mail: aespana@unav.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.I. Zudaire, M.I. Zudaire Genetics and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. De Alava, E. De Alava Pathology, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, PO Box 4209, Pamplona 31080, Navarra, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Bazán A. Bazán Departments of Plastic Surgery, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 1, 1 July 2000, Pages 180–182, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03612.x Published: 01 July 2000
The Right to Health in National and International Law
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE United States is in the midst of an upheaval of rights. The Supreme Court, which only a few years ago was primarily concerned with the distribution of powers between the federal government and the states, is now a court of civil rights. Throughout the world rising economic expectations are causing peoples to demand more personal and political rights and privileges.In the World Health Organization, matters of human rights have been a central concern ever since the founding of the agency in 1946. The Preamble to the Constitution of WHO sets forth the basic principle: "The enjoyment of the . . .
Simultaneous quantitation of lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Murali Krishna Matta, Nageswara Rao Pilli, Jaswanth Kumar Inamadugu, Laxminarayana Burugula, Seshagiri Rao JVLN
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

A rapid and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine in human plasma using abacavir as internal standard has been developed and validated. The analytes and IS were extracted from plasma by solid phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges and separated on a Hypurity Advance C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid (76:24, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Detection involved an API-4000 LC–MS/MS with electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode and multiple-reaction monitoring for analysis. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines and shown to provide intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy within acceptable limits in a run time of only 3.5 min. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study involving a single oral administration of a combination tablet to human male volunteers.
Immunologic studies of human plasma cells
Authors: Raymond Beaulieu, Bernard Pirofsky, Gordon H. Davies
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract Purified plasma cell suspensions were produced from 3 subjects with malignant plasma cell disease. Various physical, biological, and immunological properties of these cells were studied. Neoplastic human plasmablasts were found to be denser than their mature forms, in contrast to the usual relationship of the lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid series. The human plasma cells did not respond to phytohemagglutinin stimulation and were found to be weakly reactive in mixed lymphocyteplasma cell cultures. Potent antisera was produced against such cells, and the antisera demonstrated a broad cross reactivity with various human lymphocyte populations. The data suggest a lymphoid origin for human plasma cells and possibly a specific relationship to B‐type lymphocytes.
SUPRACLAVICULAR DEPRESSIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: H. A. BRAY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Supraclavicular depressions, particularly if unequal or unilateral, are generally regarded as suggestive evidence of tuberculous disease at the apex of the lung. In the recent classification of pulmonary tuberculosis adopted by the American Sanatorium Association, 1 a slight depression above the clavicle is mentioned among the physical signs of early or minimal tuberculosis. In attempts to estimate the value of this sign, however, observers apparently have failed to recognize the significance of similar depressions occurring in healthy persons. This is an important fact to establish, because the relative value of a sign in disease is decreased proportionately with the frequency of its occurrence in health. With this point in mind, we made a comparative study of the incidence, distribution and depth of the supraclavicular depressions in 153 healthy adults and 150 patients with incipient pulmonary tuberculosis.  At the same time, an attempt was made to discover methods of differentiating the
Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: John Hochman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —The Letter From New Delhi 1 touting the benefits of Ayurvedic medicine is a subtle attempt to recruit new followers into the TM movement overseen by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. The Maharishi, referred to as His Holiness by his followers, aggressively markets his brand of meditation, TM, as a health benefit to improve quality of life. In fact, the meditation instruction is a front for a missionary enterprise, encouraging students to meditate for large parts of the day, along with increasing participation in a form of demythologized Hinduism. This conversion is done by the gently titrating exposure of TM devotees to Hindu philosophy and practice, without initially defining them as such.  A significant number of those who have taken the (not inexpensive) TM course have wound up devoting years of their lives to TM activities and courses on a full-time basis. I recognize the First Amendment right of
Retrospectroscope: Insights Into Medical Discovery
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Since medicine is based on science, and science among other things deals with the making and applying of discoveries, we marvel at how little systematic study has gone into the evolution of ideas, the flash of genius, the etiology of discovery, or the pathogenesis of invention. Is it possible to identify potential discoverers early so we can guarantee the care and feeding of their intellect? Why do such frustrating lags exist in the application of available knowledge? What is the nature of discovery? What circumstances favor it? Comroe's book glows with the delight he finds and transmits in his spectacular array of stories of missed opportunities, of chance discoveries, of serendipity. In science intense scrutiny of the results of experiments may have exciting results if the mind is prepared and the concentration is incandescent. The trick is to see not only what one looks<i>for</i>but what one looks<i>at</i>
Enteric dysmotility/acquired chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (ED/CIPO): relationship between symptoms, small intestinal manometric abnormalities and neurohistopathological findings
Authors: A. T. M. D. H. Chowdhury, A. Raimundo, J. E. Martin, A. Darzi, D. Silk
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Enteric dysmotility is an important clinical subgroup of the gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders.1 Of a personal series of 130 patients recorded on our data base 89 have undergone both 24 h ambulatory studies of small intestinal motility and laparoscopic full thickness jejuna biopsies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the manometric and neurohistopathological findings. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective qualitative analysis of small intestinal motility tracings and neurohistopathological analysis of the full thickness biopsies were performed as previously described.2 Patient symptoms were prospectively assessed using a modified Rome II questionnaire (n=52). <h3>Results</h3> All the small intestinal motility studies were abnormal. Of the commonest symptoms, severe abdominal pain (93.2% patients) was significantly related to the presence of simultaneous non-propagated contractions (p&lt; 0.04) and nausea (88%) to lack of fed pattern (p &lt; 0.02). Abdominal fullness (86.3%) was significantly related to abnormalities of 7 parameters of phasic activity of the interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) (p&lt; 0.04 or less) including abnormalities of the phase III MMC (p&lt; 0.04), abdominal distension (84%) was related to abnormalities of 9 parameters (p&lt; 0.05 or less). Early satiety (82.7%) was the only common symptoms that was not related to any of the motility abnormalities. Straining of stool (82.7%) and passage of hard lumpy stools (82.7%) were related to the presence of retrograde phase III MMC9s (p&lt; 0.02, p&lt;0.03). Although 94 of 106 (88.6%) full thickness jejuna biopsies were abnormal, nocturnal abdominal pain was the only symptom related to the neurohistopathological diagnosis (reduced numbers of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus (p&lt;0.02). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings suggest that common symptoms in patients with ED/CIPO are caused by the abnormal motor activity of the small intestine. Symptoms however are poor predictors of the final neurohistopathological diagnosis with the exception that nocturnal abdominal pain is suggestive of an underlying enteric neuropathy.
Immune regulation and HLA types in chronic hepatitis
Authors: Edward L. Krawitt, Richard J. Albertini, Duane D. Webb, Bette F. Chastenay, Greg Holdstock, Bruce R. Macpherson
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Studies were undertaken in 32 patients with hepatitis B-negative or -positive chronic active hepatitis or chronic persistent hepatitis to define the relationship between immunoregulatory activity and the HLA-B8 and B12 phenotypes. Suppressor T-cell activity measured by a concanavalin A-induced suppressor system using allogeneic responder cells was dependent on which individual was selected as a source of responder cells. No differences were noted using isogeneic cells as responders. Suppressor T-cell activity measured by the effect of a noninduced suppressor cell on a mixed leukocyte culture was not different from controls. Increased prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell activity was found in patients with hepatitis B-negative (p &lt; 0.005) and hepatitis B-positive (p &lt; 0.05) chronic active hepatitis. When results of the suppressor activities were compared among patients with chronic hepatitis dependent on the presence of HLA-B8, B12, or neither of these phenotypes, no significant differences were present. These results provide further evidence of altered immunoregulatory function in patients with chronic active hepatitis, which may reflect increased suppression by a population of prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells. The results do not, however, suggest that a gene coding for altered immune regulation is linked to HLA-B8 or B12.
738. Influence of the Major Histocompatibility Complex on Immunological Rejection of Skin Grafts Expressing a Gene Therapy Reporter Gene
Authors: Julian D. Down, Christian LeGuern
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Host immune responses to either vector components or transgene products expressed in target cells frequently limit the efficacy of gene therapy protocols. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is commonly used as a reporter protein in gene transfer experiments and immune responses against EGFP-expressing cells have been variably documented in numerous animal models. Since the overall strength of immune responses to EGFP is likely, as for other protein antigens, controlled by products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), we have investigated the role of MHC in responses to EGFP in a skin transplantation model. To this end, the EGFP transgene was bred onto mice with the C57BL/6 (B6) background but differing with respect to the MHC (H-2) haplotype by crossing over two generations the B6-EGFP.Tg (H-2b) with congenic B6.C mice (H-2d). At two to three months of age, male or female EGFP negative mice were transplanted with skin grafts from sex- and MHC-matched EGFP donors among the three genetic combinations (H-2b/b, H-2d/d and H-2b/d). Assessment of skin graft survival showed that the rates of rejection was faster among B6.H-2d/d mice (median=18 days), intermediate in the B6.H-2b/d mice (22 days) and the slowest in B6. H-2b/b (49 days). These results are consistent with other reports which showed strong anti-EGFP responses in BALB/c mice (H-2d), but not in B6 mice, to EGFP-expressing tumor cells. Computer analysis of the array of potential EGFP-derived peptides that would bind to MHC class Id and Ib molecules was then performed in order to evaluate the molecular basis of the differential anti-EGFP responses observed. Such an analysis revealed that several EGFP peptides fit the class Id groove while the class Ib molecule could not accommodate EGFP peptides with a significant probability. These data suggest that the ability of binding of antigenic peptides to recipient class I molecules reflects the magnitude of the immune response to transplants expressing this antigen. They also propose that prior knowledge of peptide presentation among different individuals may provide a means for predicting and avoiding immune reactions incidental to gene therapy.
Antioxidant kinetics in lung lavage fluid following exposure of humans to nitrogen dioxide.
Authors: F J Kelly, A Blomberg, A Frew, S T Holgate, T Sandstrom
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To determine if nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a gaseous free radical, modifies the protective antioxidant pool present in respiratory tract lining fluids, a random, double-blind study utilizing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Healthy, nonsmoking, asymptomatic subjects were exposed to filtered air and 2 ppm NO2 for 4 h on separate occasions. To examine the kinetics of the NO2-induced antioxidant reactions, 44 subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Bronchoscopy was performed 1.5 h (group 1), 6 h (group 2) or 24 h (group 3) after each exposure. Reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid, and ascorbic acid concentrations were determined in both bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid fractions. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was screened for malondialdehyde as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Exposure to NO2 resulted in a rapid (1.5 h) loss of uric acid from the bronchial region, however by 6 h after exposure it had increased significantly above control uric acid concentration in this region. At 24 h after exposure, uric acid concentration had returned to the control level. A similar response of uric acid to NO2 was seen in the bronchoalveolar region. Ascorbic acid was also decreased in bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids 1.5 h after exposure to NO2, but returned to control values by 6 h. In marked contrast, significant increases in GSH concentration were seen at 1.5 and 6 h in bronchial lavage fluid after exposure to NO2, which subsequently returned to control levels by 24 h. No change in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid GSH concentration or malondialdehyde content was seen after NO2 exposure. These data support the view that antioxidants present in lung fluids react with, and hence modulate the impact of, NO2 on the lung.
Early Endoscopy of Oesophagus, Stomach, and Duodenal Bulb in Patients with Haematemesis and Melaena
Authors: P. B. Cotton, M. T. Rosenberg, R. P. L. Waldram, A. T. R. Axon
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was successfully performed in 196 of 208 patients admitted with haematemesis or melaena, or both. A precise visual diagnosis was made in 80% of all patients and in 96% of those where the final diagnosis lay within the oesophagus, stomach, and first two parts of the duodenum. Bleeding oesophagitis was more common and bleeding duodenal ulcer less common than in other series using mainly radiology. Altogether, 26% of all patients with endoscopically-proved duodenal ulcers were bleeding from another site, and 15.4% of all patients had more than one lesion. This fact, and inability to detect surface lesions limits the value of acute barium radiology, which was performed in only 81 patients. Accurate diagnosis should lead to better understanding of individual lesions and more rational management of individual patients. Where a good service is available oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy should be performed on all bleeding patients within 24 hours of admission.
Weight and blood pressure. Findings in hypertension screening of 1 million Americans
Authors: Rose Stamler, Jeremiah Stamler, Wallace F. Riedlinger, George Algera, Richard H. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In the nationwide Community Hypertension Evaluation Clinic screening of more than 1 million people, the group classifying itself as overweight had prevalence rates of hypertension 50% to 300% higher than other screenees. Frequency of hypertension in overweight persons aged 20 to 39 years was double that of normal weight and triple that of underweight persons. Among those aged 40 to 64 years, the overweight group had a 50% higher hypertension prevalence rate than the normal-weight group and 100% higher than the underweight group. With each higher degree of blood pressure elevation, relative frequency of hypertension with overweight was larger. Thus this study confirms, in the largest group surveyed to date, similar findings in previous cross-sectional surveys. It is also consistent with data from longitudinal and intervention studies on the importance of overweight in relation to hypertension.
Abstract 4571: 515H7, a novel anti-CXCR4 antibody: In vitro efficacy on CXCR4-associated signaling pathways and in vivo anti-tumor activity
Authors: Nathalie Corvaia, Sven Berger, Thierry Wurch, Nicolas Boute, Matthieu Broussas, Charlotte Beau-Larvor, Barbara Akla, Alain Robert, Jean-François Haeuw, Liliane Goetsch, Christian Bailly, Christine Klinguer-Hamour
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Chemokines are small, secreted peptides that control the migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient of ligand, especially during immune and inflammatory reactions. They are divided into two major subfamilies, CC and CXC, based on the position of their NH2-terminal cysteine residues, and bind to G protein coupled receptors, whose two major sub families are designated CCR and CXCR. More than 50 human chemokines and 18 chemokine receptors have been discovered so far. Chemokine receptor CXCR4/[Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1] axis plays a central role in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. CXCR4 is over-expressed in a large number of tumors: colon, breast, prostate, lung, ovary, pancreas. CXCR4/SDF-1 axis is directly implicated in migration, invasion leading to metastases, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Moreover, CXCR4 overexpression correlated with poor prognosis in many types of cancer. A novel monoclonal antibody (Mab 515H7) was raised against the human CXCR4. It displayed efficacious antagonist properties for all major pathways associated with SDF-1-induced CXCR4 signaling in vitro. It was able to efficiently bind CXCR4 on both transfected cells and human tumor cell lines. It was found to strongly inhibit SDF-1 binding, Gα protein activation and beta-arrestin2 recruitment. It also blocked second messenger release (calcium, cAMP) and constrained by itself the formation of CXCR4 homodimers. It also inhibits SDF-1-induced cell migration in vitro. 515H7 Mab antitumor activities were also investigated in vivo using several human tumor models. We demonstrated that 515H7 Mab was able to significantly inhibit growth of xenograft tumors in mice. In addition to its effect on tumor growth, 515H7 Mab was also able to significantly improve mice survival in the lethal U937 model. The herewith data demonstrate that Mab 515H7 behaves as a potent and efficacious antagonist of all major CXCR4-controlled signaling pathways and suggest that targeting CXCR4 is a promising way for the treatment of tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4571. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4571
An Outbreak of Small-Pox: Vaccination and Revaccination
Authors: S. H. Snell
Journal: BMJ (1894)

KaDic,LL Jovaxid~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t hink we lhave suflicient to account for the chlange.D)isordered action, suchl as occurs in insaIiity, is-in the vast majority of cases, at all events-excessive action, and this means the necessity for iinereased oxidation and an increased blood supply, antd if this is not fortlhcoming the necessary result is the formation of fat.7Now, in all my cases, excluding general paralysis and epilepsy, there was, from diseased conditions of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, or the blood itself, some obstacle to the proper supply of blood to the brain.In epilepsy the sudden and excessive expeniditure of nerve force is probably greater than can be compensated by any amount of dilatation of the blood vessels, even assuming, whiat is very doubtful, that extreme engorgemenit of the vessels encroaching on the perivascular lymph spaces favours an increased supply of oxygen to the cells.In general paralysis, though the blood supply to the cortex is evidently increased, the obvious interference with the lymplhatic circulation must more than counterbalance any advantage gained by the mere passage of blood through the vessels.In concussion, the great disturb- ances of cerebral circulation, whiich, as Dr. Milesa has shown, take place in that condition, appear quite sufficient for my theory.The influence of prolonged pyrexia, septicaemia, cancer, and exlhaustion from acute mania in deteriorating the oxidising power of the blood are also necessary to account for some of my cases, and these, I think, will be admitted.The exemption of the granular layer seems to me to favour the idea that defective oxidation is responsible for the change.These are comparatively small cells, situated at a -depth in the cortex particularly rich in capillaries, and fre- quently escaping when all the other layers are exten- -sively diseased.Their small size one would naturally