tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OCULAR PHENOMENA PRODUCED BY TEMPORAL LOBE TUMORS
Authors: WALTER I. LILLIE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A detailed study of the ocular changes produced by temporal lobe tumors has been made in order to ascertain the frequency of correct localization from an ophthalmologic standpoint. Cushing's 1 report that perimetric field defects in temporal lobe lesions were of paramount diagnostic value, localizing definitely the site of thirty-three of thirty-nine tumors of the temporal lobe, was a further stimulus to this study.  In a series of 168 cases of certified cerebral tumors examined in the Mayo Clinic during the last five years, sixty were located in the temporal lobes. In all but three of these cases, operation was performed; and in these three, the location was diagnosed correctly, as proved by necropsy. There were fifty-three cases of infiltrating gliomas, three of dural endotheliomas, two of calcified hematomas, and two of angiomas.  OCULAR CHANGES  The ocular changes may be divided into four groups: (1) changes of visual acuity; (2)
Allergy to cow's milk proteins in mother's milk or in hydrolyzed cow's milk infant formulas as assessed by intestinal permeability measurements
Authors: E. Barau, C. Dupont
Journal: Allergy (1994)

An intestinal permeability test analyzing the differential urinary elimination of lactulose and mannitol orally ingested at the same dosage allowed us to establish a significant correlation between alterations of intestinal permeability and ingestion of reputedly hypoallergenic foods, breast milk, and hydrolyzed protein formulas in some infants with cow's milk allergy. In all, clinical disappearance of symptoms was observed after removal of milk from the mother's diet and/or elimination from the child's diet of any cow's‐milk‐based hypoallergenic formula.
The mallory body: Morphological, clinical and experimental studies (part 1 of a literature survey)
Authors: Kenneth Jensen, Christian Gluud
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

To aid understanding of markers of disease and predictors of outcome in alcohol-exposed systems, we undertook a literature survey of more than 700 articles to view the morphological characteristics and the clinical and experimental epidemiology of the Mallory body. Mallory bodies are filaments of intermediate diameter that contain intermediate filament components (e.g., cytokeratins) observable by conventional light microscopy or immunohistochemical methods, identical in structure regardless of initiating factors or putative pathogenesis. Although three morphological types can be identified under electron microscopy (with fibrillar structure parallel, random or absent), they remain stereotypical manifestations of hepatocyte injury. A summary of the conditions associated with Mallory bodies in the literature and their validity and potential etiological relationships is presented and discussed, including estimates on the combined light microscopic and immunohistochemical prevalences and kinetics. Emphasis is placed on proper confounder control (in particular, alcohol history), which is highly essential but often inadequate. These conditions include (mean prevalence of Mallory bodies in parentheses): Indian childhood cirrhosis (73%), alcoholic hepatitis (65%), alcoholic cirrhosis (51%), Wilson's disease (25%), primary biliary cirrhosis (24%), nonalcoholic cirrhosis (24%), hepatocellular carcinoma (23%), morbid obesity (8%) and intestinal bypass surgery (6%). Studies in alcoholic hepatitis strongly suggest a hit-and-run effect of alcohol, whereas other chronic liver diseases show evidence of gradual increase in prevalence of Mallory bodies with severity of hepatic pathology. Mallory bodies in cirrhosis do not imply alcoholic pathogenesis. Obesity, however, is associated with alcoholism and diabetes, and Mallory bodies are only present in diabetic patients if alcoholism or obesity complicates the condition. In addition, case studies on diseases in which Mallory bodies have been identified, along with pharmacological side effects and experimental induction of Mallory bodies by various antimitotic and oncogenic chemicals, are presented. Mallory bodies occur only sporadically in abetalipoproteinemia, von Gierke's disease and focal nodular hyperplasia and during hepatitis due to calcium antagonists or perhexiline maleate. Other conditions and clinical drug side effects are still putative. Finally, a variety of experimental drugs have been developed that cause Mallory body formation, but markedly different cell dynamics and metabolic pathways may raise questions about the relevance of such animal models for human Mallory body formation. In conclusion, the Mallory body is indicative but not pathognomonic of alcohol involvement. A discussion on theories of development and pathological significance transcending the clinical frameworks will be presented in a future paper.
Positron emission tomographic imaging of cardiac sympathetic innervation and function.
Authors: D S Goldstein, P C Chang, G Eisenhofer, R Miletich, R Finn, J Bacher, K L Kirk, S Bacharach, I J Kopin
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Sites of uptake, storage, and metabolism of [18F]fluorodopamine and excretion of [18F]fluorodopamine and its metabolites were visualized using positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning after intravenous injection of the tracer into anesthetized dogs. Radioactivity was concentrated in the renal pelvis, heart, liver, spleen, salivary glands, and gall bladder. Uptake of 18F by the heart resulted in striking delineation of the left ventricular myocardium. Pretreatment with desipramine markedly decreased cardiac positron emission, consistent with dependence of the heart on neuronal uptake (uptake-1) for removal of circulating catecholamines. In reserpinized animals, cardiac positron emission was absent within 30 minutes after injection of [18F]-6-fluorodopamine, demonstrating that the emission in untreated animals was from radioactive labeling of the sympathetic storage vesicles. Decreased positron emission from denervated salivary glands confirmed that the tracer was concentrated in sympathetic neurons. Radioactivity in the gall bladder and urinary system depicted the hepatic and renal excretion of the tracer and its metabolites. Administration of tyramine or nitroprusside increased and ganglionic blockade with trimethaphan decreased the rate of loss of myocardial radioactivity. The results show that PET scanning after administration of [18F]fluorodopamine can be used to visualize sites of sympathetic innervation, follow the metabolism and renal and hepatic excretion of catecholamines, and examine cardiac sympathetic function.
Learning without Performance in PKC-Deficient Drosophila
Authors: Nanci S. Kane, Alain Robichon, Jeffrey A. Dickinson, Ralph J. Greenspan
Journal: Neuron (1997)

The performance of a task is often assumed to be a prerequisite for the learning of many tasks, including the associative conditioning of courtship in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Transgenic flies specifically inhibited for the enzyme protein kinase C dissociate the acquisition of learning and memory from performance of the task. They fail to show immediate suppression of courtship but nonetheless develop normal memory of it.
Impaired Cross-Modal Inhibition in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Alexander Drzezga, Timo Grimmer, Martin Peller, Marc Wermke, Hartwig Siebner, Josef P Rauschecker, Markus Schwaiger, Alexander Kurz
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Successful cognitive performance depends not only on the activation of specific neuronal networks but also on selective suppression of task-irrelevant modalities, i.e., deactivation of non-required cerebral regions. This ability to suppress the activation of specific brain regions has, to our knowledge, never been systematically evaluated in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of the current study was to evaluate both cerebral activation and deactivation in (1) healthy volunteers, (2) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are at risk for AD, and (3) patients with moderate AD during active navigation, representing a cognitive task typically affected in AD.
New Bandage Pin.
Authors: GEORGE D. McLEAN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

I present illustrations of a bandage-pin recently devised by me. The pin is made as follows: A figure-of-eight piece of wire having the two ends turned at right angles to the plane of base and the ends sharpened. The base is flattened and the two prongs extend one-half to five-eighths of an inch up from the base, perpendicular to it and parallel to each other. These two are about one-fourth of an inch apart. In applying a bandage, say a recurrent of the scalp, after making one turn around the head to fix the bandage place one pin on the inion and one just above the sinciput; this will enable the surgeon, by pressing the bandage down over the extending prongs, and returning over them, to apply this bandage alone and with a single-headed roller bandage. After enough has been put on, separate the prongs and turn down against the
The Value of Corticosteroids (Corticoids) in Allergic Diseases
Authors: Louis Tuft
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Adrenal corticoids are valuable for short-term use in acute or subacute allergies (e.g., status asthmaticus, serum or drug allergy, severe urticaria and angioedema, allergic dermatitis). They are also valuable for long-term use in chronic intractable asthma, making useful citizens of asthmatic cripples. They have but little value and only temporary effects in other allergies (e.g., allergic rhinitis, hay fever, chronic urticaria). In 34 of the author's patients, the corticoids have been used continuously for periods up to 7 years. In a double-blind study of 40 patients, triamcinolone seemed superior to prednisone. In general the author believes that the newer corticoids (methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, and dexamethasone) are better than the older ones, but he considers corticoid therapy an adjunct to, not a substitute for, the usual treatment of allergies.
Gentamicin in 1978
Authors: GERALD B. APPEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

For a decade gentamicin has been used extensively because of its antimicrobial efficacy and the relatively low prevalence of clinical toxicity. Recently the more frequent appearance of resistant organisms, reports of increased nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, and the development of newer aminoglycoside antibiotics have raised doubts about the continued use of this agent. This paper reassesses the role of gentamicin. It is clear that an appreciation of the pharmacokinetics and the clinical use of gentamicin as well as an understanding of the patterns of toxicity in animals and humans can lead to more efficient treatment with this antimicrobial agent. Despite ample competition from a number of newer aminoglycoside antibiotics, gentamicin will probably continue to be used widely in the near future.
Suspected Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Jonathan M. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal(240:1281, 1978), Fletcher C. Derrick, Jr, MD, replies to O. G. Kauder, MD, with regard to a suspected neurogenic bladder. While his recommendations for a cystometrogram seem most appropriate, I think in addition to this a myelogram would be desirable, and this was not mentioned. In the past eight or ten years I have seen six or seven patients with neurogenic bladders from an obscure cause, some of them of a number of years' duration, in which myelography has revealed a central disk protrusion at L-4 or L-5, more commonly the latter. With laminectomy and disk removal giving nerve root decompression, satisfactory bladder function has returned in most cases. The one case that I recollect in which this failed to happen was in a person who also had multiple sclerosis, so that disk protrusion cannot be altogether indicted
Private sector involvement and competition have not improved healthcare in England, report shows
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

There is little evidence that market reforms have had any appreciable effect on the NHS’s performance in England, the Nuffield Trust and the Health Foundation have found in a new comparison of health services in the four countries of the United Kingdom.1

Although performance in England had improved, the study found the same to be true of Scotland and, until recently, Wales—neither of which had undergone the same reforms. Spending more money and setting tough targets seemed to have been the main cause of the improvements rather than patient choice, competition between providers, or private sector involvement.

However, England still performed marginally better across a number of key indicators while spending less; if its spending matched Scotland’s, England would have to find another £10bn (€12.1bn; $16.8bn) a year. England is richer, so the report said that a better comparison would …
Textbook of Vectorcardiography
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Complexity of presentation has been the bedevilment of teaching methods in vectorcardiography. This text successfully escapes via a style which minimizes theoretic intricacies while retaining the practicalities of a sophisticated diagnostic method. Each short chapter is complemented by a few well-chosen references. Strong points include clear presentations of sequential vectors by number and distribution and of angular orientation of effective lead axes and relative lead sensitivity. Tables and figures effectively summarize and depict normal orientations of maximal and component vectors and loop inscriptions. The presentation of LVH is a model of clarity, with appropriate nods at prevailing hypotheses for QRS voltage increase and angular abnormalities. The authors avoid the pitfalls of many texts by treating left axis deviation independently, by appropriate emphasis on extracardiac factors and clear distinction from "cor pulmonale" in the VCG of emphysema, and by healthy skepticism regarding some interpretations and criteria. This book can be heartily
VI. Summary Remarks
Authors: Walsh McDermott
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. Dubos has outlined for us what he perceives as the emerging medical problems, or health issues as he prefers to call them, of our times. He has indicated that our conventional research attitudes and approaches must undergo substantial modification if biomedical research is to be helpful in meeting certain of these more important problems. And he has expressed the deep conviction that to accomplish the difficult task of inventing these new approaches, these new departures in research, will require a considerable increase in the sense of social awareness of the research scientist. Why should new departures in biomedical research be such an urgent need today? Have our medical-research workers been antisocial in the past? Have they concentrated too much on biologic esoterica? On the contrary, it is precisely the magnificent biologic effort of the past four decades that has put the decisiveness into today's medicine. And it is this
Analytical problems associated with HCG assay
Authors: J. H Barth
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Populations of European honeybee subspecies, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, have the ability to adapt naturally to the ectoparasitic mite, <i>Varroa destructor</i>. It is possible that a tolerance to mite-vectored viruses may contribute to colony survival. If this is the case, surviving populations should show lower virus titers and prevalence compared to susceptible populations. Here, we investigated the prevalence and titers of 10 viruses, some known to be associated with <i>V. destructor</i>, in adult workers and pupae as well as mites. Samples were collected from both a mite-surviving and mite-susceptible honeybee population in Norway. Surviving colonies had a lower prevalence of a key virus (DWV-A) associated with <i>V. destructor</i> in individual adult bees sampled, and generally lower titers of this virus in mite infested pupae and mites within the colonies when compared to sympatric, susceptible controls. However, these surviving colonies also displayed higher prevalence and titers of two viruses not associated with <i>V. destructor</i> (BQCV &amp; LSV1). The results of this study therefore suggest that general tolerance to virus infections is unlikely to be a key mechanism for natural colony survival in Norway, but evidence may point to mite control as a predominant mechanism.
Reversing figure and ground in the rationality debate: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: W. Todd DeKay, Martie G. Haselton, Lee A. Kirkpatrick
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

A broad evolutionary perspective is essential to fully reverse figure and ground in the rationality debate. Humans' evolved psychological architecture was designed to produce inferences that were adaptive, not normatively logical. This perspective points to several predictable sources of errors in modern laboratory reasoning tasks, including inherent, systematic biases in information-processing systems explained by Error Management Theory.
Rational diagnosis and treatment in unclassified arthritis: how clinical data may guide requests for Lyme serology and antibiotic treatment.
Authors: I Blaauw, B Dijkmans, P Bouma, S van der Linden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

To improve the appropriateness and efficiency of diagnostic serological tests and subsequent antibiotic treatment, clinical data from 102 patients with unclassified arthritis were analysed to investigate whether the presence of positive IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi could be predicted. The clinical data were blindly ranked from 1 to 4 (1, Lyme arthritis unlikely; 4, Lyme arthritis very likely). Antibodies to B burgdorferi were positive in nine of 102 patients (9%). Six of 15 (40%) patients with rank numbers 3 and 4 were positive for antibodies to B burgdorferi, in contrast with only three of 87 (3%) patients with rank numbers 1 and 2. The likelihood ratio of positive Lyme serology for patients ranked 3 and 4 was 12.0, for patients ranked 2 to 4, 4.5, and for patients with arthritis of the knee, 3.0. These likelihood ratios were associated with a post-test probability of 55, 30, and 20% respectively. The clinical history in patients with unclassified arthritis can largely predict the presence of antibodies to B burgdorferi. The absolute value of a likelihood ratio can be a contributing factor in deciding to request tests for antibodies to B burgdorferi in patients with unclassified arthritis.
Clonal T-cell composition detected by family specific polymerase chain reaction of the T-cell receptor beta chain is exclusively present in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Michel Noutsias, Jan H. Blohm, Chalid Assaf, Nadine Bigdeli-Issazadeh, Michael Hummel, Rahat S. Warraich, Magdi H. Yacoub, Harald Stein, Heinz P. Schultheiss, Matthias Pauschinger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Novel agents and biomarkers for acute lymphoid leukemia
Authors: Yanmin Zhao, He Huang, Guoqing Wei
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2013)

Abstract New genetic markers for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been found to have prognostic impact, such as the lymphoid transcription factor gene IKZF1 alterations, which are associated with a high rate of leukemic relapse in B-ALL. Although complete remission rates by induction chemotherapy in ALL are now high, the long-term survival is still disappointing. Improvements in the survival outcome of ALL have been observed in young adults as a result of the use of pediatric inspired regimens and the broadening of the number of patients who are eligible for allogeneic SCT. Development of new and less toxic agents also provide promise to improve the outcome in adult ALL, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Ph-positive ALL, rituximab in CD20-positive disease, blinatumomab in precursor B-ALL and nelarabine in T-lineage ALL. Challenges for the future are to implement genomic profiling into the clinical setting to guide risk stratification and providing novel targets for tailored therapies.
Functional Inactivation of a Fraction of Excitatory Synapses in Mice Deficient for the Active Zone Protein Bassoon
Authors: Wilko D. Altrock, Susanne tom Dieck, Maxim Sokolov, Alexander C. Meyer, Albrecht Sigler, Cord Brakebusch, Reinhard Fässler, Karin Richter, Tobias M. Boeckers, Heidrun Potschka, Claudia Brandt, Wolfgang Löscher, Dörte Grimberg, Thomas Dresbach, Anne Hempelmann, Hadir Hassan, Detlef Balschun, Julietta U. Frey, Johann H. Brandstätter, Craig C. Garner, Christian Rosenmund, Eckart D. Gundelfinger
Journal: Neuron (2003)
The measurement of sinus node refractoriness in man.
Authors: C R Kerr, H C Strauss
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We recently described a method for measuring sinus node refractoriness in the rabbit heart. Atrial premature beats either may result in reset return responses or may become interpolated because of encroachment on sinus node refractoriness. In previous studies with rabbits we defined the effective refractory period of the sinus node (SNERP) as the longest premature interval that is interpolated. This study presents results on the extension of this technique to the measurement of sinus node refractoriness in man. Out of 30 patients (12 with and 18 without sinus node dysfunction), SNERP could be measured in 26 at one or more basic cycle lengths. At a basic pacing cycle length of 600 msec, SNERP ranged from 250 to 380 msec (mean 325 +/- 39) in patients without sinus node dysfunction and from 500 to 550 msec (mean 522 +/- 20) in patients with sinus node dysfunction. This clear differentiation of patients with and without sinus node dysfunction by SNERP is in contrast to various results obtained by assessing sinus node function from sinus node recovery time and sinoatrial conduction time. Thus this study suggests the possible use of the measurement of SNERP in the assessment of sinus node function in man and its possible value in identifying patients with sinus node dysfunction.
A Secreted Bacterial Protease Tailors the Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Repertoire to Modulate Bone Remodeling during Osteomyelitis
Authors: James E. Cassat, Neal D. Hammer, J. Preston Campbell, Meredith A. Benson, Daniel S. Perrien, Lara N. Mrak, Mark S. Smeltzer, Victor J. Torres, Eric P. Skaar
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Type E Botulism From Home-Canned Gefilte Fish
Authors: Robert W. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Type E botulism occurred in three patients, one of whom died. The most prominent feature in all three cases was severe gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting and abdominal discomfort without diarrhea), which diverted attention from the less prominent and more slowly developing neurological signs. Type E botulinus toxin was detected in the blood of the patient who died. The botulinus toxin was traced to home-prepared gefilte fish from which the three patients had eaten at a common meal. Lethal quantities of type E botulinus toxin were found in extracts of leftover gefilte fish, and<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>type E was recovered from cultures of the food. The incriminated food, which was eaten cold, had been prepared from fresh Great Lakes whitefish, cooked, and stored in a sealed jar in a household refrigerator for seven weeks before it was opened on the day of the meal.