tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone on B and T lymphocyte function in patients with chronic type B hepatitis
Authors: Reginald G. Hanson, Marion G. Peters, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

B and T lymphocyte function was studied in 10 patients with chronic type B hepatitis before, during and after a 28–day course of prednisolone therapy. Lymphocyte function was assessed by measuring the in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen and by assaying lymphocyte proliferation in response to B and T cell mitogens. During high dose prednisolonetherapy, there was a decrease in immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in lymphocyte proliferation to all mitogens. Studies using separated B and Tcells showed that prednisolone treatment led to a decrease in both helper and suppressor T cell function but an enhancement of primary B cell function. When prednisolone was withdrawn, lymphocyte function rapidly returned to baseline levels. During prednisolone therapy, serum aminotransferase activities decreased by an average of 50%. In all patients, there was a subsequent rebound increase in serum aminotransferase activities 4 to 10 weeks after withdrawal of prednisolone. This was accompanied by a striking increase in suppressor T lymphocyte activity without significant changes in either helper T cell or B cell function. The close correlation between changes in helper and suppressor T lymphocyte function and serum aminotransferase activities during andafter immunosuppressive therapy suggests that immunoregulatory T lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic type B hepatitis.
Abstract LB-144: GPR56 internalizes and degrades TG2 in melanoma
Authors: Liquan Yang, Scott Friedland, Nancy Corson, Lei Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a hallmark of tumor microenvironment and plays active roles during tumor progression. How this process is regulated and whether it is reversible for cancer treatment are outstanding questions. Our earlier study showed that an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR56, inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis and binds to tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a major cross-linking enzyme in ECM. To understand the function of TG2 in GPR56-mediated melanoma inhibition, we generated immunodeficient Tg2-/- mice and performed xenograft transplantation studies in these mice. Our results revealed an antagonistic relationship between GPR56 and TG2 during melanoma growth: whereas TG2 promotes melanoma growth, GPR56 antagonizes this effect via receptor-mediated internalization and degradation. Furthermore, the down-regulation of TG2 by GPR56 is associated with a reduction in the levels of fibronectin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), suggesting that the fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion is compromised upon GPR56 expression in melanoma. Taken together, our findings provide genetic evidence for the function of TG2 in GPR56-mediated melanoma inhibition. The uncovered antagonistic relationship between GPR56 and TG2 proposes a mechanism by which ECM accumulation/crosslinking may be reversed, and thus might be exploited for cancer control and treatment. Citation Format: Liquan Yang, Scott Friedland, Nancy Corson, Lei Xu. GPR56 internalizes and degrades TG2 in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-144. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-144
The Relationship Between Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stress Hyperglycemia
Authors: Hüseyin Ayhan, Tahir Durmaz, Telat Keleş, Emine Bilen, Murat Akçay, Nihal Akar Bayram, Haci Ahmet Kasapkara, Engin Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Exploring the Doctor-Patient Relationship Reduces Staff Stress and Enhances Empathy When Caring for AIDS Patients
Authors: Manuel Battegay, Rainer Weber, Jürg Willi, Dominique Eich, Walter Siegenthaler, Ruedi Lüthy
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

At our AIDS outpatient clinic we presently care for more than 1,200 HIV-infected patients. All physicians in this unit have participated for 1 year in a case work group supervised by a liaison psychiatrist. The doctor-patient relationship, the assessment in the case work group and the ensuing influence on perception and behavior are demonstrated by 3 cases. Different issues challenge the doctor-patient relationship: the serious prognosis of predominantly young AIDS patients; isolation and stigmatization of patients; fear of contagion, and questions of confidentiality regarding contact tracing. Reflection upon the doctor-patient relationship improves communication skills and increases empathy towards AIDS patients.
A GNAS1 imprinting defect in pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB
Authors: Jie Liu, Deborah Litman, Marjorie J. Rosenberg, Shuhua Yu, Leslie G. Biesecker, Lee S. Weinstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB (PHPIB) is characterized by renal resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the absence of other endocrine or physical abnormalities. Familial PHPIB has been mapped to 20q13, near GNAS1, which encodes G(s)alpha, the G protein alpha-subunit required for receptor-stimulated cAMP generation. However, G(s)alpha function is normal in blood cells from PHPIB patients, ruling out mutations within the G(s)alpha coding region. In mice G(s)alpha is expressed only from the maternal allele in renal proximal tubules (the site of PTH action) but is biallelically expressed in most other tissues. Studies in patients with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy suggest a similar G(s)alpha imprinting pattern in humans. Here we identify a region upstream of the G(s)alpha promoter that is normally methylated on the maternal allele and unmethylated on the paternal allele, but that is unmethylated on both alleles in all 13 PHPIB patients studied. Within this region is an alternative promoter and first exon (exon 1A), generating transcripts that are normally expressed only from the paternal allele, but that are biallelically expressed in PHPIB patients. Therefore, PHPIB is associated with a paternal-specific imprinting pattern of the exon 1A region on both alleles, which may lead to decreased G(s)alpha expression in renal proximal tubules. We propose that loss of exon 1A imprinting is the cause of PHPIB.
Energy In, Energy Out, and the Effects of Obesity-Related Genes
Authors: Rudolph L. Leibel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

More than 100 genes have been implicated in the determination of body weight. These genes, acting primarily in or through the central nervous system (primarily the hypothalamus and brain stem), affect conscious and unconscious aspects of food intake and energy expenditure. They include genes mediating brain sensing of fat stores, calorie flux in the gut, hedonic responses to specific foods, rates of energy expenditure, and even inclination to physical activity.13 In some populations, mutations in one of these genes — the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which conveys hypothalamic signals suppressing food intake and increasing energy expenditure — . . .
Phototoxic Reactions Induced by High Doses of Chlorpromazine and Thioridazine
Authors: Abraham Satanove
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Phototoxic reactions to thioridazine hydrochloride appear to be induced by visible light above 4,100 Angstroms as well as by ultraviolet light. Special sunscreen preparations are required to protect against these higher wavelengths of light. The critical dosage level of chlorpromazine hydrochloride required to produce a phototoxic reaction appears to be approximately 600 mg per day, while that of thioridazine hydrochloride is between 400 and 600 mg per day. It is postulated that deposition of pigment in the retina observed in patients receiving high doses of thioridazine hydrochloride (1,800 mg or higher) was due to a phototoxic reaction induced by visible light.
Familial Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Patients
Authors: Maggie C.Y. Ng, Shao-Chin Lee, Gary T.C. Ko, June K.Y. Li, Wing-Yee So, Yasmeen Hashim, Anthony H. Barnett, Ian R. Mackay, Julian A.J.H. Critchley, Clive S. Cockram, Juliana C.N. Chan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—We examined the prevalence of different forms of diabetes in Hong Kong Chinese patients with familial early-onset type 2 diabetes and compared their clinical features with patients with familial late-onset type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 145 young patients with early-onset diabetes (age and age at diagnosis ≤40 years) and a family history of diabetes were studied. They were screened for mutations in the genes encoding glucokinase, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α, and HNF-1α. The mitochondrial DNA A→G at nucleotide 3243 (mt3243) and amylin S20G mutations were studied, and antibodies to GAD (anti-GADs) were also examined. RESULTS—The prevalence of putative diabetogenic gene mutations and autoimmune markers were 4% for glucokinase, 0% for HNF-4α, 5% for HNF-1α, 3% for mt3243, 2% for amylin S20G, and 4% for anti-GAD. Compared with late-onset patients, the patients with early-onset diabetes had a higher prevalence of a parental history of diabetes and were generally more obese. When classified by obesity indexes (BMI and waist circumference), the obese patients, especially those with early-onset diabetes, had a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and increased rates of retinopathy and albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS—Genetic factors (up to 14%) and obesity (55%) play more significant roles than autoimmunity (4%) in familial type 2 diabetes in young Chinese patients. The significance of obesity-related genes and other gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in these young patients remains to be determined.
Cavitating lung infarction after bland pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: S Redline, J F Tomashefski, M D Altose
Journal: Thorax (1985)

During one year five patients were observed with the adult respiratory distress syndrome who were found at necropsy to have cavitated lung infarcts following bland (non-infected) pulmonary thromboembolism. There were three instances of bronchopleural fistula and in one person a tension pneumothorax was the immediate cause of death. Four of the five patients had severe lung infections. In all patients airway pressure was raised as a result of positive pressure mechanical ventilation. It is postulated that diffuse microvascular injury, bacterial pneumonia, and high airway pressures may be important factors predisposing patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome to develop lung necrosis, cavitation, and bronchopleural fistula after bland pulmonary thromboembolism. This complication may occur more frequently than has been previously recognised.
Death-Associated Protein Kinase Loss of Expression Is a New Marker for Breast Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Delphine Lévy, Geneviève Plu-Bureau, Yves Decroix, Danielle Hugol, William Rostène, Adi Kimchi, Anne Gompel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Death-associated protein (DAP)-kinase is a new Ser/Thr kinase involved in cell apoptosis and tumor suppression, the expression of which has been correlated to invasive potential and metastasis in several human neoplastic tissues. We analyzed the level of DAP-kinase expression in breast cancer specimens and its correlation with survival. Experimental Design: One hundred twenty-eight breast cancer specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Patient records were studied retrospectively for demographic characteristics, clinical data, hormonal treatment, outcome, and survival. DAP-kinase protein expression was also studied in normal breast cells primary cultures under estrogen and antiestrogen treatment. Results: Among the 128 patients, 30 showed a DAP-kinase staining ≤ 20%, whereas 98 had a staining over 20%. Mean follow-up time was 62 months. The association between tumor Scarff-Bloom and Richardson grade (P = 0.009), estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively), tumor size (P = 0.05), Bcl-2 expression (P = 0.004), and DAP-kinase immunostaining in the ductal carcinoma group was highly significant. Overall (64 months) and disease-free (63 months) survival in the high DAP-kinase expression group were significantly longer compared with the women whose tumors showed a loss of DAP-kinase expression (51 and 43 months, respectively). DAP-kinase protein was strongly expressed in normal breast tissue and in human breast epithelial cells primary cultures. Estradiol decreased DAP-kinase expression in these cells, arguing for hormonal regulation of the protein. Conclusions: Loss of DAP-kinase expression negatively correlates to survival and positively correlates to the probability of recurrence in a very significant manner. DAP-kinase thus constitutes a novel and independent prognosis marker for breast cancer.
CELL BLOCKADE IN NEWCASTLE DISEASE OF CHICKENS AND CHICKEN EMBRYOS
Authors: F. B. Bang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

The problem of cell blockade or interference has been studied using Newcastle disease of chickens as a model. Embryos may be protected against the uniformly lethal effect of the virus by previous inoculation with ultraviolet-irradiated virus. It was necessary to use 0.5 to 1 mg. of partially purified washed virus in order to demonstrate this effect. Blockade by inactive virus in the embryo was not complete, since it could be overcome by inoculating increasing amounts of active virus or by injecting the active virus into the allantoic sac instead of placing it on the membrane. The lethal effects of small doses of Newcastle virus could also be blocked by previous infection of the embryo with either swine influenza virus or human influenza A. Again this blockade may be overcome by using larger doses of active Newcastle virus. Simultaneous injection of chickens with viruses of equine encephalomyelitis and a virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus merely delayed the incubation period of the Newcastle virus a day or so. Simultaneous inoculation of chickens with virulent and avirulent Newcastle strains caused complete blocking of the virulent strain. This blocking or interfering effect of the avirulent strain could be demonstrated 1 or 2 days after the inoculation of the virulent strain but was not effective after symptoms of the virulent disease had set in.
Complete remission of multiple myeloma after autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Possible association with interferon‐α
Authors: Benjamin Gesundheit, Orly Zelig, Michael Y. Shapira, Aliza Ackerstein, Meytal Avgil, Reuven Or
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract A patient with multiple myeloma (MM) was being maintained on human recombinant interferon‐α (INF‐α) after VAD and autologous bone marrow transplantation (pretreated with melphalan). An episode of immune thrombocytopenia and (Coombs positive) autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was noted while on maintenance INF‐α, which remitted when it was withdrawn. Following this event, he achieved a state of stable disease that persists (more than 3 years) with no specific myeloma treatment. This sequence of events suggests a relationship between an immunological reaction induced by INF‐α and the prolonged phase of stable disease. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic acinar cells produce, release, and respond to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Role in regulating cell death and pancreatitis.
Authors: A S Gukovskaya, I Gukovsky, V Zaninovic, M Song, D Sandoval, S Gukovsky, S J Pandol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and receptors for TNFalpha are expressed in the exocrine pancreas, and whether pancreatic acinar cells release and respond to TNFalpha. Reverse transcription PCR, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of TNFalpha and 55- and 75-kD TNFalpha receptors in pancreas from control rats, rats with experimental pancreatitis induced by supramaximal doses of cerulein, and in isolated pancreatic acini. Immunohistochemistry showed TNFalpha presence in pancreatic acinar cells. ELISA and bioassay measurements of TNFalpha indicated its release from pancreatic acinar cells during incubation in primary culture. Acinar cells responded to TNFalpha. TNFalpha potentiated NF-kappaB translocation into the nucleus and stimulated apoptosis in isolated acini while not affecting LDH release. In vivo studies demonstrated that neutralization of TNFalpha with an antibody produced a mild improvement in the parameters of cerulein-induced pancreatitis. However, TNFalpha neutralization greatly inhibited apoptosis in a modification of the cerulein model of pancreatitis which is associated with a high percentage of apoptotic cell death. The results indicate that pancreatic acinar cells produce, release, and respond to TNFalpha. This cytokine regulates apoptosis in both isolated pancreatic acini and experimental pancreatitis.
Appropriateness of Antiepileptic Drug Level Monitoring
Authors: Ronald A. Schoenenberger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To develop explicit, reliable appropriateness criteria for antiepileptic drug level monitoring and to assess the appropriateness of monitoring in one tertiary care institution.Appropriateness criteria derived from the literature and through expert opinion were used to evaluate a stratified random sample of antiepileptic drug level determinations obtained from chart review.Tertiary care center performing more than 10,000 antiepileptic drug level determinations per year.A total of 330 inpatients in whom antiepileptic drug levels were measured a total of 855 times.Drug levels were assessed at least 200 times for each of four antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproic acid).The proportion of antiepileptic drug levels with an appropriate indication and, of those, the proportion sampled appropriately.Overall, 27% (95% confidence interval, 24% to 30%) of levels had an appropriate indication. Interrater agreement for appropriateness was substantial (kappa = 0.61). There was no significant difference in the appropriateness rate among the four drugs (range, 25% to 29%). Of the 624 antiepileptic drug level determinations considered inappropriate (73%), only four (0.6%) were more than 20% higher than the upper limit of normal, and none of the four patients had clinical signs of drug toxicity. A median of six levels (range, one through 69) was determined per patient, and the median interval between level determinations was 24 hours. Of the 27% of level determinations with an appropriate indication, 51% were sampled correctly, resulting in an overall appropriateness rate of 14%.Only 27% of antiepileptic drug level determinations had an appropriate indication, and half of these were not sampled correctly. Routine daily monitoring without pharmacological justification accounted for most of the inappropriate drug level determinations. Efforts to decrease inappropriate monitoring may result in substantial cost reductions without missing important clinical results.
The Pituitary Gland
Authors: Nelson B. Watts
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This book is an ambitious effort: 21 chapters, 48 figures, 105 tables, and almost 1500 references. A book on the pituitary gland should contain information on anatomy and imaging, normal function, and endocrine and nonendocrine aspects of pituitary diseases, with strategies for diagnosis and treatment. The author, a clinical endocrinologist, is at his best discussing normal function and endocrine aspects of pituitary diseases, but with shortcomings even there. The other topics are covered in bits and pieces rather than specific sections, making it hard to get a clear understanding. The organization of the book into its many chapters leads to a moderate amount of distracting redundancies, while the detail in each chapter makes it difficult to find specific items. Testing strategies are described in generalities rather than specifics, several useful protocols are not mentioned (hypertonic saline infusion for diabetes insipidus, overnight metyrapone test rather than the two-day test), and some
Comparison of Drug Regimen Costs Between the Medicare Prescription Discount Program and Other Purchasing Systems
Authors: John M. Hayes, Heather Walczak, Allan Prochazka
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Resuscitation in Near Drowning
Authors: Edward A. Patrick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —In the May 26,1993, issue ofJAMA, Dr Quan1incorrectly claims that for the 2-year-old near-drowning (lake) victim in my report2(reference 35, page 2250), the water expelled by the Heimlich maneuver may have come from the stomach and not the lungs, and water may not have been blocking the airways. She writes, taking the case out of context from another published article,3While [they] showed the Heimlich maneuver was associated with the expulsion of fluids, they did not prove that the water obstructed the airways or that the water came from the lungs rather than from the stomachs. The following facts in my published report prove the Heimlich maneuver removed water from a blocked airway:  Prior to intubation no air sounds were heard over the lungs when an oral airway was used, while a respiratory therapist used a bag with a face mask.
Recovery of myocardial function following brief versus prolonged atrial pacing stress in the presence of coronary artery stenosis
Authors: H. GEWIRTZ, D. O WILLIAMS, A. S MOST
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Journal Article Recovery of myocardial function following brief versus prolonged atrial pacing stress in the presence of coronary artery stenosis Get access HENRY GEWIRTZ, HENRY GEWIRTZ * From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University Program in Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island *Address for reprints: Henry Gewirtz, MD, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02902, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID O WILLIAMS, DAVID O WILLIAMS From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University Program in Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALBERT S MOST ALBERT S MOST From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University Program in Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 18, Issue 11, November 1984, Pages 702–710, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/18.11.702 Published: 01 November 1984