tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
2014 Consensus Statement from the first Economics of Physical Inactivity Consensus (EPIC) Conference (Vancouver)
Authors: Jennifer C Davis, Evert Verhagen, Stirling Bryan, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Jeff Borland, David Buchner, Marike RC Hendriks, Richard Weiler, James R Morrow, Willem van Mechelen, Steven N Blair, Mike Pratt, Johann Windt, Hashel al-Tunaiji, Erin Macri, Karim M Khan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

This article describes major topics discussed from the ‘Economics of Physical Inactivity Consensus Workshop’ (EPIC), held in Vancouver, Canada, in April 2011. Specifically, we (1) detail existing evidence on effective physical inactivity prevention strategies; (2) introduce economic evaluation and its role in health policy decisions; (3) discuss key challenges in establishing and building health economic evaluation evidence (including accurate and reliable costs and clinical outcome measurement) and (4) provide insight into interpretation of economic evaluations in this critically important field. We found that most methodological challenges are related to (1) accurately and objectively valuing outcomes; (2) determining meaningful clinically important differences in objective measures of physical inactivity; (3) estimating investment and disinvestment costs and (4) addressing barriers to implementation. We propose that guidelines specific for economic evaluations of physical inactivity intervention studies are developed to ensure that related costs and effects are robustly, consistently and accurately measured. This will also facilitate comparisons among future economic evidence.
Human-Specific Amino Acid Changes Found in 103 Protein-Coding Genes
Authors: Takashi Kitano, Yu-Hua Liu, Shintaroh Ueda, Naruya Saitou
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

We humans have many characteristics that are different from those of the great apes. These human-specific characters must have arisen through mutations accumulated in the genome of our direct ancestor after the divergence of the last common ancestor with chimpanzee. Gene trees of human and great apes are necessary for extracting these human-specific genetic changes. We conducted a systematic analysis of 103 protein-coding genes for human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. Nucleotide sequences for 18 genes were newly determined for this study, and those for the remaining genes were retrieved from the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database. The total number of amino acid changes in the human lineage was 147 for 26,199 codons (0.56%). The total number of amino acid changes in the human genome was, thus, estimated to be about 80,000. We applied the acceleration index test and Fisher's synonymous/nonsynonymous exact test for each gene tree to detect any human-specific enhancement of amino acid changes compared with ape branches. Six and two genes were shown to have significantly higher nonsynonymous changes at the human lineage from the acceleration index and exact tests, respectively. We also compared the distribution of the differences of the nonsynonymous substitutions on the human lineage and those on the great ape lineage. Two genes were more conserved in the ape lineage, whereas one gene was more conserved in the human lineage. These results suggest that a small proportion of protein-coding genes started to evolve differently in the human lineage after it diverged from the ape lineage.
Meta-Analysis to Evaluate the Role of Interferon in Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: A.Z.S. Rohatiner, W.M. Gregory, B. Peterson, E. Borden, P. Solal-Celigny, A. Hagenbeek, R.I. Fisher, M. Unterhalt, R. Arranz, T. Chisesi, A. Aviles, T.A. Lister
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To determine whether interferon (IFN) -alpha2, when given with or following chemotherapy, influences response rate, remission duration, and survival in newly diagnosed patients with follicular lymphoma.Ten phase III studies evaluating the role of IFN-alpha2 in 1,922 newly diagnosed patients with follicular lymphoma were analyzed. Updated individual patient data were used to perform meta-analyses for response, survival, and remission duration.The addition of IFN-alpha2 to initial chemotherapy did not significantly influence response rate. An overall meta-analysis for survival showed a significant difference in favor of IFN-alpha2, but also showed significant heterogeneity between studies. Further analyses were carried out in order to explain this heterogeneity, and to define the circumstances in which IFN-alpha2 prolonged survival. The survival advantage was seen when IFN-alpha2 was given: (1) in conjunction with relatively intensive initial chemotherapy (2P = .00005), (2) at a dose >/= 5 million units (2P = .000002), (3) at a cumulative dose >/= 36 million units per month (2P = .000008), and (4) with chemotherapy rather than as maintenance therapy (P = .004). With regard to remission duration, there was also a significant difference in favor of IFN-alpha2, irrespective of the intensity of chemotherapy used, IFN dose, or whether IFN was given as a maintenance strategy or with chemotherapy.When given in the context of relatively intensive initial chemotherapy, and at a dose >/= 5 million units (>/= 36 x 10(6) units per month), IFN-alpha2 prolongs survival and remission duration in patients with follicular lymphoma.
The Preventability of Ventilator-associated Events. The CDC Prevention Epicenters Wake Up and Breathe Collaborative
Authors: Michael Klompas, Deverick Anderson, William Trick, Hilary Babcock, Meeta Prasad Kerlin, Lingling Li, Ronda Sinkowitz-Cochran, E. Wesley Ely, John Jernigan, Shelley Magill, Rosie Lyles, Caroline O’Neil, Barrett T. Kitch, Ellen Arrington, Michele C. Balas, Ken Kleinman, Christina Bruce, Julie Lankiewicz, Michael V. Murphy, Christopher E. Cox, Ebbing Lautenbach, Daniel Sexton, Victoria Fraser, Robert A. Weinstein, Richard Platt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

The CDC introduced ventilator-associated event (VAE) definitions in January 2013. Little is known about VAE prevention. We hypothesized that daily, coordinated spontaneous awakening trials (SATs) and spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) might prevent VAEs.To assess the preventability of VAEs.We nested a multicenter quality improvement collaborative within a prospective study of VAE surveillance among 20 intensive care units between November 2011 and May 2013. Twelve units joined the collaborative and implemented an opt-out protocol for nurses and respiratory therapists to perform paired daily SATs and SBTs. The remaining eight units conducted surveillance alone. We measured temporal trends in VAEs using generalized mixed effects regression models adjusted for patient-level unit, age, sex, reason for intubation, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and comorbidity index.We tracked 5,164 consecutive episodes of mechanical ventilation: 3,425 in collaborative units and 1,739 in surveillance-only units. Within collaborative units, significant increases in SATs, SBTs, and percentage of SBTs performed without sedation were mirrored by significant decreases in duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital length-of-stay. There was no change in VAE risk per ventilator day but significant decreases in VAE risk per episode of mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.97) and infection-related ventilator-associated complications (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17-0.71) but not pneumonias (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.19-1.3). Within surveillance-only units, there were no significant changes in SAT, SBT, or VAE rates.Enhanced performance of paired, daily SATs and SBTs is associated with lower VAE rates. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01583413).
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and relaxation resistance to NG-nitro-?-arginine and indomethacin in coronary circulation
Authors: Z Ge
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: It is controversial whether endothelium-dependent relaxation resistance to inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin synthases is completely attributed to endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). This study examined NO release and K+ channels involved in endothelium-dependent relaxation and hyperpolarization resistance to NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) and indomethacin in coronary arteries with emphasis on the microarteries. Methods: NO release, isometric force, and membrane potential of porcine coronary arteries were measured using a NO-specific electrode, wire myograph, and microelectrode, respectively. Results: In large arteries pretreated with indomethacin, bradykinin (BK) evoked a rise in [NO] from 5.5±2.4 nM to 105.0±19.6 nM and hyperpolarization. l-NNA treatment significantly reduced the BK-stimulated rise in [NO] to 32.1±11.3 nM but did not affect the hyperpolarization. In the presence of indomethacin and l-NNA, U46619 contracted and depolarized (from −51±3 mV to −30±4 mV) vascular smooth muscle in microarteries. The addition of BK produced dose-dependent relaxation (maximal: 70.2±5.7%) and repolarization (membrane potential: −50±4 mV). Oxyhemoglobin eliminated indomethacin and l-NNA-resistance rise in [NO] but not relaxation (42.3±4.4%) and repolarization (-40±2 mV) by BK. Tetraethylammonium, charybdotoxin, and iberiotoxin partially decreased the BK-induced responses. Apamin alone did not affect the relaxation by BK; however, in combination with charybdotoxin it almost completely abolished the BK-induced relaxation and hyperpolarization. Conclusions: In porcine coronary arteries, both EDHF and NO contribute to BK-induced relaxation resistance to indomethacin and l-NNA. Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) may play an important role in mediating the BK-induced responses and small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels might function as 'backup' mechanisms when BKCa is curtailed.
Insulin Infusion in Conscious Dogs
Authors: Chang-Seng Liang, John U. Doherty, Robert Faillace, Kishio Maekawa, Stephanie Arnold, Haralambos Gavras, William B. Hood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Cardiovascular actions of insulin were studied by intravenous infusions of insulin (4 and 8 mU/kg per min) in normal conscious dogs. This resulted in increases in cardiac output, heart rate, and left ventricular derivative of pressure with respect to time (dP/dt) and dP/dt/P, as blood glucose was reduced. The inotropic and chronotropic effects of insulin were not related to hypoglycemia, as they persisted even when blood glucose was restored to control values or when it was prevented from falling by a simultaneous infusion of glucose. These cardiac effects were accompanied by increases in plasma catecholamines, and were abolished by propranolol pretreatment. Both plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine increased during insulin hypoglycemia, but only norepinephrine increased during insulin infusion when euglycemia was maintained.
Diabetes Screening Among Underserved Adults With Severe Mental Illness Who Take Antipsychotic Medications
Authors: Christina Mangurian, John W. Newcomer, Eric Vittinghoff, Jennifer M. Creasman, Penelope Knapp, Elena Fuentes-Afflick, Dean Schillinger
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

This retrospective cohort study analyzes diabetes screening prevalence and predictors of screening among adults in the California public mental health care system with severe mental illness taking antipsychotic medications.
Altered Morphologic Properties of Large Arteries in Children with Chronic Renal Failure and after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Mieczyslaw Litwin, Elke Wu[Combining Diaeresis]hl, Claudia Jourdan, Justyna Trelewicz, Anna Niemirska, Kathrin Fahr, Katarzyna Jobs, Ryszard Grenda, Zbigniew T. Wawer, Pawel Rajszys, Jo[Combining Diaeresis]rgen Tro[Combining Diaeresis]ger, Otto Mehls, Franz Schaefer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Increased intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries (cIMT) has been found in young adults with childhood-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD). The disease stage at which these patients first develop abnormalities of arterial texture is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the onset and character of arterial changes in children aged 10 to 20 yr with different stages of CKD and to identify risk factors for early arteriopathy. High-resolution ultrasonography was conducted of common cIMT and femoral superficial artery IMT. Fifty-five children with stages 2 to 4 CKD (GFR 51 ± 31 ml/min per 1.73 m2), 37 on dialysis, and 34 after renal transplantation (Rtx; GFR 73 ± 31 ml/min per 1.73 m2) were studied. Control subjects were 270 healthy children, matched for age and gender. Compared with control subjects, cIMT, femoral superficial artery IMT (both as absolute values and as SD score of median of normal value), wall cross-sectional area, and lumen cross-sectional area of carotid artery were significantly increased in all patient groups and most markedly abnormal in dialysis patients. cIMT in CKD and Rtx patients was significantly lower in comparison with dialysis patients. cIMT correlated with mean past serum Ca × P product, the cumulative dose of calcium-based phosphate binders, and the time-averaged mean calcitriol dose. The cumulative phosphate binder intake, time-averaged Ca × P product, and young age were independent predictors of an increased cIMT. In children with CKD, thickening of IMT occurs early in the course of disease and is most marked in dialyzed patients. The changes may be partly reversible after Rtx.
THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON AND ST. GEORGE'S HOSPITAL
Authors: A. W. West, A. Latham, F. Jaffrey
Journal: BMJ (1907)

distributing funds.With these associations the Council is in close connexion and every effort is being made to bring the Council, the associations, and the schools into such relationship as will result in a highly efficient organisation for relieving distress.The winter will soon be upon us, when distress must inevitably increase, and in order to meet the needs of the children the Council is anxious that at least &pound;15,000 should be raised.The Council considers that it would be a great misfortune if voluntary contributions, which have hitherto met the demand, should fail to continue to do so.If, however, the response is not adequate this winter there will probably be no alternative in the winter of 1908-09 but to resort to the rates.The Council has voted a sum for equipment and appliances and will place every convenience at the disposal of the associations through the medium of the Children's Care Committees which have been appointed for every necessitous school.These committees will make all possible effort to insure the most careful discrimination in the selection of those children who are really in need of help.
The Septin-Binding Protein Anillin Is Overexpressed in Diverse Human Tumors
Authors: Peter A. Hall, Christopher B. Todd, Paula L. Hyland, Simon S. McDade, Heike Grabsch, Mit Dattani, Kenneth J. Hillan, S.E. Hilary Russell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Anillin is an actin-binding protein that can bind septins and is a component of the cytokinetic ring. We assessed the anillin expression in 7,579 human tissue samples and cell lines by DNA microarray analysis. Anillin is expressed ubiquitously but with variable levels of expression, being highest in the central nervous system. The median level of anillin mRNA expression was higher in tumors than normal tissues (median fold increase 2.58; 95% confidence intervals, 2.19-5.68, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) except in the central nervous system where anillin mRNA levels were lower in tumors. We developed a sensitive reverse transcription-PCR strategy to show that anillin mRNA is expressed in cell lines and in cDNA panels derived from fetal and adult tissues, thus validating the microarray data. We compared anillin with Ki67 mRNA expression and found a significant linear relationship between anillin and Ki67 mRNA expression (Spearmann r ∼ 0.6, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Anillin mRNA expression was analyzed during tumor progression in breast, ovarian, kidney, colorectal, hepatic, lung, endometrial, and pancreatic tumors and in all tissues there was progressive increase in anillin mRNA expression from normal to benign to malignant to metastatic disease. Finally, we used anti-anillin sera and found nuclear anillin immunoreactivity to be widespread in normal tissues, often not correlating with proliferative compartments. These data provide insight into the existence of nonproliferation-associated activities of anillin and roles in interphase nuclei. Thus, anillin is overexpressed in diverse common human tumors, but not simply as a consequence of being a proliferation marker. Anillin may have potential as a novel biomarker.
Rho Kinase Inhibition Improves Endothelial Function in Human Subjects With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Anju Nohria, Matthew E. Grunert, Yoshiyuki Rikitake, Kensuke Noma, Adnan Prsic, Peter Ganz, James K. Liao, Mark A. Creager
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Investigations from basic biology suggest that activation of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and thereby promotes atherosclerosis and its clinical complications. Yet, little information is available about the relationship of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway to NO bioavailability in humans with atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we determined whether inhibition of Rho kinase augments NO bioavailability and improves endothelial function in human subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD). Thirteen CAD subjects and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were randomly assigned to receive the Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil, or placebo for 1 month each in a double-blind crossover trial. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent and nitroglycerin-induced, endothelium-independent vasodilation were assessed by brachial artery ultrasonography. Rho kinase activity was measured in peripheral leukocytes. Fasudil increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation in CAD subjects from 9.4+/-1.9% to 13.4+/-1.9% (P=0.001) but not in healthy controls (from 11.3+/-1.4% to 7.7+/-1.1%; P=0.07). Endothelium-independent vasodilation was not affected by fasudil in either CAD or healthy subjects. Fasudil reduced Rho kinase activity by 59+/-18% in CAD subjects (P=0.001) but not in healthy subjects (by 3+/-6%; P=0.60). The change in endothelium-dependent vasodilation achieved with fasudil relative to placebo was inversely proportional to Rho kinase inhibition (ie, greater Rho kinase inhibition was associated with larger improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation) (r=-0.48; P=0.01). These findings suggest that Rho/Rho kinase activation promotes endothelial dysfunction in humans with atherosclerosis. Inhibition of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway should provide a useful strategy to restore NO bioavailability in humans with atherosclerosis.
Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis: influence of concurrent aspirin administration on skin testing and provocation
Authors: M. Aihara, M. Miyazawa, H. Osuna, K. Tsubaki, T. Ikebe, Y. Aihara, Z. Ikezawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Provocation tests in patients with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) are often negative, even after a sufficient quantity of the implicated food and exercise have been taken.To investigate the effect of aspirin in provocation tests and in skin prick testing (SPT) of patients with FDEIA. Gluten as a major allergen in wheat-dependent FDEIA was also investigated.Provocation tests and SPT with suspected foods were performed in 12 patients with FDEIA. Provocation tests were performed with combinations of foods, exercise and aspirin. Detection of gluten-specific IgE was also performed by the CAP System FEIA radioallergosorbent test, SPT and a histamine release test.The SPT reaction was enhanced by pretreatment with oral aspirin in five of eight (62.5) patients. Aspirin facilitated provocation in five of seven (71%) patients tested. Ingestion of wheat and aspirin without exercise provoked symptoms in two patients. Aspirin provoked symptoms even with a small amount of wheat and exercise in one patient. Only the combination of aspirin, wheat and exercise provoked anaphylaxis in one patient. Specific IgE, SPT and/or the histamine release test with gluten were positive in nine of 11 patients with wheat-dependent FDEIA.Aspirin enhances symptoms of FDEIA, and prior ingestion of aspirin under controlled conditions can be used to confirm FDEIA. In practice, such patients should avoid aspirin ingestion. Gluten appears to be the major allergen in these patients with wheat-dependent FDEIA.
The West Philadelphia Mental Health Consortium: Administrative Planning in a Multihospital Catchment Area
Authors: ROBERT L. LEOPOLD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The West Philadelphia Mental Health Consortium was developed as a partnership of six hospitals which expect to provide mental health services to a large catchment area. With the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School serving as the binding element, the consortium has involved many community agencies in a cooperative planning process, which it is hoped will continue as the mental health program starts operating.
Laboratory and imaging studies used by French rheumatologists to determine the cause of recent onset polyarthritis without extra-articular manifestations
Authors: A Saraux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

<b>Background:</b> The cause of recent onset polyarthritis can be difficult to identify. <b>Objective:</b> To determine which laboratory and imaging studies French rheumatologists recommend, not taking cost into account, for the diagnosis of recent onset polyarthritis without extra-articular manifestations. <b>Methods:</b> From the list of the French Society for Rheumatology, a random sample of 210 rheumatologists was selected, who were asked to complete a questionnaire on the laboratory and imaging studies they would recommend in two fictional cases of recent onset polyarthritis (possible rheumatoid arthritis (RA)—case 1 and probable RA—case 2). <b>Results:</b> In case 1, the following were recommended by over 75% of respondents: hand radiographs, rheumatoid factors (RFs), and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (92%, 98%, and 98%, respectively). 50–74% of respondents recommended radiographs of the feet, knees, and chest (50%, 57%, and 66%, respectively); blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum assays of C reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (65%, 74%, 67%, and 62%, respectively). 25–49% recommended determination of creatinine and proteinuria, HLA-B27, antikeratin antibody, radiographs of the pelvis, and synovial fluid analysis. Several investigations were recommended less often in case 2 than in case 1. Nevertheless, some laboratory and imaging studies (radiographs of hand, feet, knees, chest <i>x</i> rays, blood cell counts, ANA, RF, antikeratin antibody, CRP, ESR, creatinine, AST and ALT, proteinuria, and joint aspiration) were recommended by more than 25% of respondents in both cases. <b>Conclusion:</b> Wide variations were found among rheumatologists, indicating a need for standardisation. Some laboratory and imaging studies are recommended by at least 25% of respondents in recent onset polyarthritis with or without clues suggesting RA. In contrast, many tests were considered useful by fewer than 25% of the respondents in both cases.