tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A159: The Autoimmune Genetic Architecture of Childhood Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sampath Prahalad, Miranda C. Marion, Joanna Cobb, Marc Sudman, Anne Hinks, Mina Pichavant, Lori Ponder, Ann M. Reed, Carol Wallace, Mara L. Becker, Rae S. M. Yeung, Alan M. Rosenberg, Marilynn G. Punaro, Elizabeth D. Mellins, J. Lee Nelson, Vibeke Videm, Marite Rygg, Ellen Nordal, Matthew A. Brown, David Cutler, John F. Bohnsack, Wendy Thomson, Susan D. Thompson, Carl D. Langefeld
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Genome-wide association studies have identified susceptibility loci for many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). About 5% of children with JIA have rheumatoid factor positive arthritis that is phenotypically similar to adult seropositive RA, thus representing childhood onset RA (CORA). To understand the genetic architecture of CORA risk relative to other autoimmune diseases, we genotyped CORA cases and controls on the Immunochip, a custom array designed by the Immunochip Consortium to fine map autoimmune disease-associated loci shared across 11 autoimmune phenotypes.



Methods:

Genotyping was completed on 340 CORA cases (mean onset age: 10.2 ± 4.2 yrs) and 11624 controls. Standard SNP and sample QC was performed (e.g., removing samples with call rate <98%, admixture outliers). To test for SNP association with CORA a logistic regression model was computed with Caucasian admixture proportions (ADMIXTURE) as covariates (SNPLash). False discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p-values (PFDR) are reported to account for the actual number of tests computed.



Results:

SNP rs3129769, near HLA DRB1 was the most significantly associated (PFDR <3×10-25), and is in linkage disequilibrium with the HLA DRB1 SNP reported in RA (rs660895, PFDR <1×10-24). Outside the HLA region, 28 regions had ≥1 SNP meeting genome-wide significance (PFDR<0.05). The best signal of association was on 22q13 (rs9610687, OR = 0.57, PFDR < 0.0002) near IL2RB, followed by the PTPN22 locus (rs6679677, OR = 1.83, PFDR < 0.0005), an intergenic SNP on chromosome 4 (rs970036, OR = 1.78, PFDR < 0.002) and an intronic SNP (19p13, rs3787016 PFDR < 0.002) in the POLR2E gene, which encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II. Some loci which have previously been implicated in RA had evidence of association including MMEL (rs751358 PFDR < 0.003), IRF5 (rs4731531 PFDR < 0.006) and CCR6 (rs11575078 PFDR < 0.03). In addition using the FDR-based threshold we identified several potential SNPs (rs10918214, 1q23; rs28491312, 14q31) not previously implicated in RA.



Conclusion:

Immunochip analysis of the largest cohort of CORA investigated to date has confirmed the HLA DRB1 association and identified several other loci associated with CORA. Comparisons among loci associated with CORA and those identified in RA and other forms of JIA are underway and will help delineate the unique genetic factors for CORA susceptibility.
A double-blind evaluation of the use of nebulized metaproterenol and isoproterenol in hospitalized asthmatic children and adolescents
Authors: Brian Garra, Gail G. Shapiro, Carol S. Dorsett, F. Estelle, R. Simons, William E. Pierson, C.Warren Bierman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1977)
The Infamous William Osler
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Prophetic indeed was Osler's address, before the New York Academy of Medicine in 1897, when he warned physicians against toying with the Delilah of the press, for sooner or later she is sure to play the harlot, and has left many a man shorn of his strength. 1 In 1905 the harlot turned on Osler.  Late in February he gave his valedictory address at Johns Hopkins University, a few weeks before he left America to begin his work as Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. Osler's address, the source of his unfortunate notoriety, was The Fixed Period. Considering the subsequent out-cry, it is interesting that Osler took the step, unusual for him, of reading his speech to a small gathering of friends, the day prior to its public delivery. None saw any offense in his words, and no objection was made. 2   His address is divided into two sections. In
The genome of Theobroma cacao
Authors: Xavier Argout, Jerome Salse, Jean-Marc Aury, Mark J Guiltinan, Gaetan Droc, Jerome Gouzy, Mathilde Allegre, Cristian Chaparro, Thierry Legavre, Siela N Maximova, Michael Abrouk, Florent Murat, Olivier Fouet, Julie Poulain, Manuel Ruiz, Yolande Roguet, Maguy Rodier-Goud, Jose Fernandes Barbosa-Neto, Francois Sabot, Dave Kudrna, Jetty Siva S Ammiraju, Stephan C Schuster, John E Carlson, Erika Sallet, Thomas Schiex, Anne Dievart, Melissa Kramer, Laura Gelley, Zi Shi, Aurélie Bérard, Christopher Viot, Michel Boccara, Ange Marie Risterucci, Valentin Guignon, Xavier Sabau, Michael J Axtell, Zhaorong Ma, Yufan Zhang, Spencer Brown, Mickael Bourge, Wolfgang Golser, Xiang Song, Didier Clement, Ronan Rivallan, Mathias Tahi, Joseph Moroh Akaza, Bertrand Pitollat, Karina Gramacho, Angélique D'Hont, Dominique Brunel, Diogenes Infante, Ismael Kebe, Pierre Costet, Rod Wing, W Richard McCombie, Emmanuel Guiderdoni, Francis Quetier, Olivier Panaud, Patrick Wincker, Stephanie Bocs, Claire Lanaud
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)

Xavier Argout and colleagues report the draft genome of Theobroma cacao, the tropical crop that is the source of chocolate. The sequence assembly covers approximately 80% of the genome. We sequenced and assembled the draft genome of Theobroma cacao, an economically important tropical-fruit tree crop that is the source of chocolate. This assembly corresponds to 76% of the estimated genome size and contains almost all previously described genes, with 82% of these genes anchored on the 10 T. cacao chromosomes. Analysis of this sequence information highlighted specific expansion of some gene families during evolution, for example, flavonoid-related genes. It also provides a major source of candidate genes for T. cacao improvement. Based on the inferred paleohistory of the T. cacao genome, we propose an evolutionary scenario whereby the ten T. cacao chromosomes were shaped from an ancestor through eleven chromosome fusions.
In situ analysis of antigens on malignant and benign cells of the melanocyte lineage. Differential expression of two surface molecules, gp75 and p89.
Authors: B Holzmann, J P Johnson, P Kaudewitz, G Riethmüller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were selected for differential binding to sections of freshly frozen biopsy material of human malignant melanomas and their precursor lesions, the melanocytic nevi. Both melanomas and normal nevi expressed human Ia-like antigens, transferrin receptor and the transferrin-related molecule p97. In contrast, only 1 nevus of 21 tested expressed both glycoprotein gp75, defined by mAb 15.75, and protein p89, defined by mAb P3.58, whereas 12 of 15 melanomas tested expressed both antigens. mAb P3.58 reacted with one additional melanoma and one nevus. The expression of these two molecules therefore appears to be correlated with the appearance of the malignant phenotype of melanocytes.
First steps towards stricter death certification come into force in England and Wales
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Objective:</h3> We hypothesized that race and ethnicity influence survival in patients with glioblastoma and that the Hispanic Paradox is present in these patients. <h3>Background:</h3> Socioeconomic factors including White race, insurance status, and higher household income increase the chance of receiving treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) and results in longer overall survival (OS). In contrast, studies have demonstrated that Hispanic-White race and lower socioeconomic status is associated with longer OS in patients with lung and gynecological cancers, known as the Hispanic Paradox. This is attributed to higher community support and healthier lifestyle. It is unknown whether such a Paradox is also present in patients with glioblastoma. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> In this retrospective, observational study, we accessed the cBio Portal for Cancer Genomics and retrieved survival data from patients with glioblastoma. Multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the correlation between overall survival and race, ethnicity, gender, and age. <h3>Results:</h3> Data was available for 462 patients with glioblastoma (female n=181, male n=281) who were 18–65 years old. Of these, n=403 were White (Hispanic n=16, Not-Hispanic n=387), n=14 were Asian, n=45 were Black. Median overall survival (mOS) was significantly longer in the minority group comprising of Black, Asian, and Hispanic-White patients (mOS=33.6 months, 95% CI 16.6, 50.7) compared to Not-Hispanic White patients (mOS=18.9 months, 95% CI 16.9, 20.9; p=0.002). Median OS was also significantly longer in Black (mOS=37.8 months, 95% CI 11.3, 64.3) compared to Not-Hispanic White patients (p=0.014). There was a trend towards longer survival in Asian patients (mOS=33.6 months, 95% CI 12.1, 55.1, p=0.06). There was no statistically significant difference in mOS between Hispanic Whites (mOS=20.7, 95% CI 16.9, 20.3) and Not-Hispanic Whites (p=0.5). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The minority group of Black, Asian and Hispanic-White patients had significantly longer mOS compared to Not-Hispanic White patients. This warrants further investigation of the genetic and socioeconomic factors contributing to this Minority Paradox. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Yu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Crispino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Utate has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kurz has nothing to disclose.
Dual Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade in Heart Failure
Authors: John J.V. McMurray, Christopher B. Granger, Jan Östergren, Salim Yusuf, Marc A. Pfeffer, Karl Swedberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)

We wish to comment, specifically, on Dr. Messerli's remarks about the value of dual renin-angiotensin system blockade in heart failure ([1][1]). There are only 2 prospectively designed, adequately sized, and appropriately powered trials that examined the effect of adding an angiotensin receptor
Enhanced hepatic collagen type I mRNA expression into fat-storing cells in a rodent model of hemochromatosis†
Authors: Antonello Pietrangelo, Rossana Gualdi, Giovanna Casalgrandi, Albert Geerts, Pieter de Bleser, Giuliana Montosi, Ezio Ventura
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

In recent years, identifying the hepatic cell type responsible for collagen synthesis in experimental models of postnecrotic or inflammatory fibrosis has been the subject of active investigation. In primary iron overload states, however, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis occur without accompanying necroinflammatory phenomena. In this study, we combined morphological, immunological, cell isolation and purification and molecular biological techniques to identify the hepatic cell responsible for enhanced collagen type I gene expression during chronic enteral iron overload in the rat. Ultrastructural analysis of liver tissue sections from iron-loaded rats specifically revealed an altered appearance of fat-storing cells, which showed few if any fat droplets left and increased rough endoplasmic reticulum. In situ hybridization analysis with specific complementary RNA probes identified enhanced signal for collagen type I into nonparenchymal cells in zones 1 and 2, without signal over the background onto iron-laden hepatocytes. Immunocytochemistry with desmin antibodies combined with in situ hybridization on the same tissue sections identified the cells expressing high level of collagen type I transcripts as fat-storing cells. Northern-blot analysis on RNA extracted from various purified cell isolates, confirmed the presence of collagen type I mRNA signal only into the fat-storing cells isolate. Our study shows that in an experimental model of metabolic fibrosis in which the hepatotoxin selectively accumulates into parenchymal cells, fat-storing cells are the main source of enhanced collagen type I gene expression. (Hepatology 1994;19:714-721).
Physician prescribing practices criticized; solutions in question
Authors: J. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Side Effects" of Government Memoranda
Authors: Donald M. Pillsbury
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  Under date of May 28, 1963, Mr. George P. Larrick, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, sent a memorandum, Contraindications and Side Effects of Certain Ophthalmic Preparations, to all practicing physicians in the United States. The memorandum was signed by Dr. Ralph G. Smith, Acting Director of the Bureau of Medicine. I would like to comment on this, not so much in regard to the medical validity of the memorandum, but on the implications which a series of memoranda of this sort might have in respect to the practice of medicine.  The memorandum seems, in general, medically sound, except that some of the contraindications to corticosteroid ointments or to combinations of these with antibiotics must be extremely rare. In the case of one precaution, the wording is such that it might well preclude the use of antibiotic steroid combinations in blepharitis complicated by low-grade bacterial infection. This condition
Promise and challenges of peptide-poly: ICLC vaccines for adult and pediatric gliomas
Authors: Hideho Okada, Lisa H Butterfield, Ronald L Hamilton, Andres M Salazar, Douglas M Potter, Frank S Lieberman, Ian F Pollack
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts We currently run phase I studies of subcutaneous vaccinations with synthetic peptides for glioma-associated antigen (GAA) epitopes emulsified in Montanide-ISA-51 and intramuscular administration of poly-ICLC in HLA-A2+ adult and pediatric patients with gliomas. Primary endpoints
The Changing Pattern of Prenatal Care Utilization in the United States, 1981-1995, Using Different Prenatal Care Indices
Authors: Michael D. Kogan
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Two measures traditionally used to examine adequacy of prenatal care indicate that prenatal care utilization remained unchanged through the 1980s and only began to rise slightly in the 1990s. In recent years, new measures have been developed that include a category for women who receive more than the recommended amount of care (intensive utilization).To compare the older and newer indices in the monitoring of prenatal care trends in the United States from 1981 to 1995, for the overall population and for selected subpopulations. Second, to examine factors associated with receiving intensive utilization.Cross-sectional and trend analysis of national birth records.The United States.All live births between 1981 and 1995 (N=54 million).Trends in prenatal care utilization, according to 4 indices (the older indices: the Institute of Medicine Index and the trimester that care began, and the newer indices: the R-GINDEX and the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk of intensive prenatal care use in 1981 and 1995.The newer indices showed a steadily increasing trend toward more prenatal care use throughout the study period (R-GINDEX, intensive or adequate use, 32.7% in 1981 to 47.1 % in 1995; the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index, intensive use, 18.4% in 1981 to 28.8% in 1995), especially for intensive utilization. Women having a multiple birth were much more likely to have had intensive utilization in 1995 compared with 1981 (R-GINDEX, 22.8% vs 8.5%). Teenagers were more likely to begin care later than adults, but similar proportions of teens and adults had intensive utilization. Intensive use among low-risk women also increased steadily each year. Factors associated with a greater likelihood of receiving intensive use in 1981 and 1995 were having a multiple birth, primiparity, being married, and maternal age of 35 years or older.The proportion of women who began care early and received at least the recommended number of visits increased between 1981 and 1995. This change was undetected by more traditional prenatal care indices. These increases have cost and practice implications and suggest a paradox since previous studies have shown that rates of preterm delivery and low birth weight did not improve during this time.
Self-Management Education for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Susan L. Norris, Joseph Lau, S. Jay Smith, Christopher H. Schmid, Michael M. Engelgau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

To evaluate the efficacy of self-management education on GHb in adults with type 2 diabetes.We searched for English language trials in Medline (1980-1999), Cinahl (1982-1999), and the Educational Resources Information Center database (ERIC) (1980-1999), and we manually searched review articles, journals with highest topic relevance, and reference lists of included articles. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials that were published in the English language, tested the effect of self-management education on adults with type 2 diabetes, and reported extractable data on the effect of treatment on GHb. A total of 31 studies of 463 initially identified articles met selection criteria. We computed net change in GHb, stratified by follow-up interval, tested for trial heterogeneity, and calculated pooled effects sizes using random effects models. We examined the effect of baseline GHb, follow-up interval, and intervention characteristics on GHb.On average, the intervention decreased GHb by 0.76% (95% CI 0.34-1.18) more than the control group at immediate follow-up; by 0.26% (0.21% increase - 0.73% decrease) at 1-3 months of follow-up; and by 0.26% (0.05-0.48) at > or = 4 months of follow-up. GHb decreased more with additional contact time between participant and educator; a decrease of 1% was noted for every additional 23.6 h (13.3-105.4) of contact.Self-management education improves GHb levels at immediate follow-up, and increased contact time increases the effect. The benefit declines 1-3 months after the intervention ceases, however, suggesting that learned behaviors change over time. Further research is needed to develop interventions effective in maintaining long-term glycemic control.
Inducibility of Ia antigen on astrocytes by murine coronavirus JHM is rat strain dependent.
Authors: P T Massa, R Brinkmann, V ter Meulen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Inducibility of Ia molecules on cultivated astrocytes by JHM virus correlates with demyelinating disease susceptibility of animals from which these astrocytes are derived. On the contrary, class I induction of both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes occurs as a consequence of normal cultivation procedures in both susceptible and resistant strains. Increased expression of class I antigens on rat astrocytes and oligodendrocytes is not related to JHM viral infection as it is in the mouse. These data indicate that strain differences in Ia inducibility, rather than inducibility of class I antigens, by JHM virus may explain higher levels of T cell-mediated damage to myelin during infection in susceptible rat strains compared with resistant strains.
Development of a liver-targeted siRNA delivery platform with a broad therapeutic window utilizing biodegradable polypeptide-based polymer conjugates
Authors: Stephanie E. Barrett, Rob S. Burke, Marc T. Abrams, Carol Bason, Marina Busuek, Edward Carlini, Brian A. Carr, Louis S. Crocker, Haihong Fan, Robert M. Garbaccio, Erin N. Guidry, Jun H. Heo, Bonnie J. Howell, Eric A. Kemp, Robert A. Kowtoniuk, Andrew H. Latham, Anthony M. Leone, Michael Lyman, Rubina G. Parmar, Mihir Patel, Sergey Y. Pechenov, Tao Pei, Nicole T. Pudvah, Conrad Raab, Sean Riley, Laura Sepp-Lorenzino, Sheri Smith, Eric D. Soli, Steven Staskiewicz, Melissa Stern, Quang Truong, Marissa Vavrek, Jacob H. Waldman, Eileen S. Walsh, J. Michael Williams, Stephanie Young, Steven L. Colletti
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
DR and non-DR Ia allotypes are associated with susceptibility to coeliac disease.
Authors: G R Corazza, P Tabacchi, M Frisoni, C Prati, G Gasbarrini
Journal: Gut (1985)

We have studied the frequency of HLA-DR, -MT, and -MB antigens in adult patients with coeliac disease and in a group of healthy controls, evaluating the strength of the observed associations by measuring the aetiologic fractions. Among the antigens significantly associated with coeliac disease, MB2 (DQw2) showed an aetiologic fraction higher than those of DR3 and DR7. Our results suggest that MB2, as associated more frequently than other specificities with a hypothetical disease predisposing gene, may play a role in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. The significant association of DR3 and DR7 with coeliac disease may be ascribed to linkage disequilibrium of these antigens with MB2.