tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.
Authors: N Yamada, I Inoue, M Kawamura, K Harada, Y Watanabe, H Shimano, T Gotoda, M Shimada, K Kohzaki, T Tsukada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Apo E plays an important role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism through its high affinity binding to cell surface LDL receptor. In the present study, we studied the effects of apo E on the atherogenic process in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits which are deficient in LDL receptor and an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. We isolated apo E from plasma of 1% cholesterol-fed rabbits and administered 10 mg of purified apo E intravenously into five Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits three times a week from their age of 2.5 months to 11 months for 8.5 months. After sustained administration to apo E, we found a significant reduction in the accumulation of cholesterol ester in aortae (1.55 +/- 0.07 mg/g tissue) as compared to control rabbits (4.32 +/- 0.61 mg/g tissue). Supporting this, the percentage of the surface area of the aorta with macroscopic plaque was remarkably decreased in apo E-treated animals (18.8 +/- 5.1% vs. 38.8 +/- 8.0% in control). Thus, apo E definitely prevented the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.
Feedback regulation of bile-acid synthesis in the rat. Differing effects of taurocholate and tauroursocholate.
Authors: S Shefer, L Nguyen, G Salen, A K Batta, D Brooker, F G Zaki, I Rani, G S Tint
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We studied the effect of the orientation of the 7-hydroxyl group in taurocholate (7 alpha) and tauroursocholate (7 beta) on the feedback regulation of bile-acid synthesis and its rate-controlling enzyme, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, in bile-fistula rats. To ensure a constant supply of cholesterol and to label newly synthesized bile acids, RS[2-14C]mevalonolactone was infused intraduodenally at 154 mumol/h before and during bile-acid infusion. Mevalonolactone inhibited hydroxymethyl-glutaryl CoA reductase activity 90% but did not increase bile-acid synthesis and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity. When sodium taurocholate was infused at the rate of 27 mumol/100 g rat per h (equivalent to the hourly hepatic bile-acid flux), bile-acid synthesis decreased 82% and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity declined 78%. This inhibitory effect was observed in the absence of hepatic damage. In contrast, sodium tauroursocholate infused at the same rate did not decrease bile-acid synthesis nor cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Hepatic cholesterol content rose 36% with sodium taurocholate but did not change during sodium tauroursocholate administration. These results demonstrate that the feedback inhibition of bile-acid synthesis is mediated through the regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. In these experiments, taurocholate was a far more potent inhibitor than its 7 beta-hydroxy epimer, tauroursocholate.
Conditional Disease-Free Survival After Surgical Resection of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Danielle A. Bischof, Yuhree Kim, Rebecca Dodson, M. Carolina Jimenez, Ramy Behman, Andrei Cocieru, Sarah B. Fisher, Ryan T. Groeschl, Malcolm H. Squires, Shishir K. Maithel, Dan G. Blazer, David A. Kooby, T. Clark Gamblin, Todd W. Bauer, Fayez A. Quereshy, Paul J. Karanicolas, Calvin H. L. Law, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

IMPORTANCEGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most commonly diagnosed mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.The risk of recurrence following surgical resection of GISTs is typically reported from the date of surgery.However, disease-free survival (DFS) over time is dynamic and changes based on disease-free time already accumulated following surgery.OBJECTIVES To assess the comparative performance of established GIST recurrence risk prognostic scoring systems and to characterize conditional DFS following surgical resection of GISTs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA retrospective cohort study of 502 patients who underwent surgery for a primary, nonmetastatic GIST between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2012, at 7 major academic cancer centers in the United States and Canada.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Disease-free survival of the patients was classified according to 5 prognostic scoring systems, including the National Institutes of Health criteria, modified National Institutes of Health criteria, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center GIST nomogram, and American Joint Committee on Cancer gastric and nongastric categories.The concordance index (also known as the C statistic or the area under the receiver operating curve) of established GIST recurrence risk prognostic scoring systems.Conditional DFS estimates were calculated.RESULTS Overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year DFS following resection of GISTs was 95%, 83%, and 74%, respectively.All the prognostic scoring systems had fair prognostic ability.For all tumor sites, the American Joint Committee on Cancer gastric category demonstrated the best discrimination (C = 0.79).Using conditional DFS, the probability of remaining disease free for an additional 3 years given that a patient was disease free at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years was 82%, 89%, and 92%, respectively.Patients with the highest initial recurrence risk demonstrated the greatest increase in conditional survival as time elapsed.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Conditional DFS improves over time following resection of GISTs.This is valuable information about long-term prognosis to communicate to patients who are disease free after a period following surgery.
The NLR Gene Family: A Standard Nomenclature
Authors: Jenny P.-Y. Ting, Ruth C. Lovering, Emad S. Alnemri, John Bertin, Jeremy M. Boss, Beckley K. Davis, Richard A. Flavell, Stephen E. Girardin, Adam Godzik, Jonathan A. Harton, Hal M. Hoffman, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Naohiro Inohara, Alex MacKenzie, Lois J. Maltais, Gabriel Nunez, Yasunori Ogura, Luc A. Otten, Dana Philpott, John C. Reed, Walter Reith, Stefan Schreiber, Viktor Steimle, Peter A. Ward
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Isolation and Characterization of Immunoreactive Somatostatin from Fish Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Hideki Oyama, Harry J. Hirsch, Kenneth H. Gabbay, Alan Permutt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Using a radioimmunoassay with labeled synthetic tetradecapeptide somatostatin, a large amount of immunoreactive somatostatin was found in the principal pancreatic islet of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctata). The purpose of these experiments was to isolate and characterize the somatostatin-like material. Extracts of islets were chromatographed on a Bio-Gel P-30 column, and over 90% of the immunoreactive somatostatin migrated with proteins at least twice the size of synthetic tetradecapeptide somatostatin. This fraction was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose columns. Two peptides were obtained with identical immunoreactivity, which was ∼25% that of the synthetic somatostatin. Each peptide was judged to be >95% pure by thin-layer electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.9, and highpressure liquid chromatography. Further criteria of purity included amino-terminal analysis of fraction IV yielding only aspartic acid. A total of 1.3 mg of fraction II, and 3.8 mg of fraction IV somatostatin-like peptides were obtained from 10 g of fresh frozen islets.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis, at Long Last...
Authors: Harry A. Feldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Since the parasite was first identified in 1908 in rodents in North Africa1 and in rabbits in Brazil,2 Toxoplasma gondii has been the subject of much study, both biologic and medical. This interest was heightened by the early demonstration of similar-appearing organisms in many animal species and occasionally in human beings. One of the most intriguing such reports was that in 1923 in Czechoslovakia by Janků,3 who apparently described such parasites in the tissues of an infant with hydrocephalus who died soon after birth. Toxoplasma-like parasites were especially prominent in the retinas. Four years later, Torres,4 in Brazil, reported the . . .
Whooping Cough Caused by &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Bordetella pertussis&lt;/EMPH&gt; and &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Bordetella parapertussis&lt;/EMPH&gt; in an Immunized Population
Authors: Qiushui He
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—The prevalence of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infections among outpatients in an immunized population is not known.Objective.—To study the prevalence of these infections in outpatients with paroxysmal cough in Finland, where the pertussis vaccine coverage of 4 doses is 98%.Design.—Prospective cohort study.Setting.—Thirty-two health centers in southwestern Finland.Patients.—A total of 584 patients with paroxysmal cough seen at local health centers from October 1994 through March 1997 from whom nasopharyngeal swabs were collected.Main Outcome Measures.—Prevalence of positive cultures for B pertussis or B parapertussis and/or positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and frequency of symptoms in those with pertussis and parapertussis.Results.—A total of 153 subjects (26.2%) had Bordetella infection by culture or PCR: 93 (60.8%) had B pertussis infection, 49 (32.0%) had B parapertussis infection, and 11 (7.2%) had both. Of these cases, 39 (25.5%) had positive cultures and 95 (62.1%) had positive PCR results for B pertussis, and 19 (12.4%) had positive cultures and 55 (35.9%) had positive PCR results for B parapertussis. At the time of diagnosis, no difference was found in the frequency of symptoms between patients with B parapertussis infection and those with B pertussis infection. Bordetella parapertussis infection was as common as B pertussis infection in children before school entry, whereas in schoolchildren and adults, B pertussis infection was more common than B parapertussis infection (P<.001).Conclusion.—Bordetella infections are common in an immunized population, and B parapertussis infections apparently are more prevalent than previously documented.
Cardiac outcome and cost-effectiveness one year after off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: Results from a randomized study
Authors: Hendrik M. Nathoe, Diederik van Dijk, Erik W. Jansen, Willem J. Suyker, Jan C. Diephuis, Wim Jan van Boven, Aart Brutel de la Riviere, Cornelius Borst, Cor J. Kalkman, Diederick E. Grobbee, Erik Buskens, Peter P. de Jaegere
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Rheological assessment of mucolytic agents on sputum of chronic bronchitics
Authors: J. E. Dippy, S. S. Davis
Journal: Thorax (1969)

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies were made on the sputum of chronic bronchitics using a Ferranti-Shirley cone and plate viscometer and a new stress relaxation method. The latter utilized a modified chemical balance and permitted study at very low shear rates. The results from simpler apparatus correlated well with the data obtained with the cone and plate viscometer. Significant reduction in four chosen parameters of viscosity occurred <i>in vitro</i> with <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine and with ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide-cupric ion complex (A.A.H.Cu.), but not with 4-molar urea. <i>In vivo</i> studies showed that, using freshly prepared A.A.H.Cu in an efficient hospital nebulizer, a statistically significant reduction in the four viscosity parameters occurred with subjective ease of expectoration. Nebulization of A.A.H.Cu performed with a simpler domestic-type nebulizer did not produce satisfactory reduction of viscosity or ease of expectoration. Rheological methods previously employed to study mucus and mucolytic agent activity are briefly reviewed.
In Vitro Lymphocyte Responses
Authors: Richard W. Besdine, Stuart F. Schlossman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Only recently have concepts of delayed hypersensitivity evolved from the dark mire of an ill defined, firm, red bump in the skin to the sunny terra firma of a respectable biologic entity central to our thinking about autoimmune disease, homograft rejection, acquired microbial resistance, and tumor immunity. These reactions, though incapable of transfer by serum antibody, can be reproduced readily by specifically sensitized lymphoid cells1 or by transfer factor,2 an extract of such cells — hence the current cognomen "cellular immunity" rather than "delayed hypersensitivity." The classic experiments on the effects of thymectomy and bursectomy in laboratory animals on cellular . . .
Role of RBM25/LUC7L3 in Abnormal Cardiac Sodium Channel Splicing Regulation in Human Heart Failure
Authors: Ge Gao, An Xie, Shu-Ching Huang, Anyu Zhou, Jianhua Zhang, Amanda M. Herman, Sassan Ghassemzadeh, Euy-Myoung Jeong, Srinivasan Kasturirangan, Mihai Raicu, Michael A. Sobieski, Geetha Bhat, Antone Tatooles, Edward J. Benz, Timothy J. Kamp, Samuel C. Dudley
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Human heart failure is associated with decreased cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel current (encoded by SCN5A), and the changes have been implicated in the increased risk of sudden death in heart failure. Nevertheless, the mechanism of SCN5A downregulation is unclear. A number of human diseases are associated with alternative mRNA splicing, which has received comparatively little attention in the study of cardiac disease. Splicing factor expression profiles during human heart failure and a specific splicing pathway for SCN5A regulation were explored in this study.Gene array comparisons between normal human and heart failure tissues demonstrated that 17 splicing factors, associated with all major spliceosome components, were upregulated. Two of these splicing factors, RBM25 and LUC7L3, were elevated in human heart failure tissue and mediated truncation of SCN5A mRNA in both Jurkat cells and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RBM25/LUC7L3-mediated abnormal SCN5A mRNA splicing reduced Na+ channel current 91.1±9.3% to a range known to cause sudden death. Overexpression of either splicing factor resulted in an increase in truncated mRNA and a concomitant decrease in the full-length SCN5A transcript.Of the 17 mRNA splicing factors upregulated in heart failure, RBM25 and LUC7L3 were sufficient to explain the increase in truncated forms and the reduction in full-length Na+ channel transcript. Because the reduction in channels was in the range known to be associated with sudden death, interruption of this abnormal mRNA processing may reduce arrhythmic risk in heart failure.
What's in a waiting list?
Authors: Q P Lee
Journal: BMJ (1982)

developed in parallel with peripheral services but should also be subject to the same limit of available resources.Since the publication of the Dawson report in the 1920s there has been ample evidence that general practitioners in the UK should have inpatient facilities.It has been suggested that 40% of patients in district general hospital medical beds do not require the investigative facilities of these beds and could equally be managed by their family doctors provided they had inpatient facilities.In many rural
Otfrid Foerster, Physician and Naturalist, November 9, 1873—June 15, 1941
Authors: Paul C. Bucy
Journal: JAMA (1971)

There was much about Otfrid Foerster that made him a great man. What is most remarkable, perhaps, is that he achieved his gretest fame in neurological surgery although he never had any surgical training and never achieved the technical excellence of some other masters of this field. He did achieve surgical success, however, but most important of all, he made outstanding contributions to both neurology and neurological surgery because he was a well-trained, intelligent, enthusiastic neurological scientist imbued with the goal of pursuing the truth. During his life time Foerster was not appreciated in his own country, and the last years of his life were miserable there. But he was highly esteemed abroad. It is significant that since his death in 1941 he has gained recognition at home, and this commemorative volume was produced in German in 1966. This little volume has been written in appreciation and respect for him
Bone marrow aplasia—a rare complication of imatinib therapy in CML patients
Authors: Upendra Srinivas, Lakshmi S. Pillai, Rajat Kumar, H.P. Pati, Renu Saxena
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Imatinib mesylate therapy in CML patients is a generally well tolerated without any significant hematological adverse drug effects. However, complications like anemia and cytopenias have been described in literature. A very few case reports of bone marrow aplasia following imatinib therapy have been reported so far. We here report five patients of CML who developed bone marrow aplasia following imatinib therapy. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis from a Henna Tattoo
Authors: Colby C Evans, John D Fleming
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 19-year-old otherwise healthy Kuwaiti woman presented 8 days after the brush application of a temporary henna tattoo while in Kuwait for a wedding. Burning and itching at the site of application began 6 days after the application, indicating that the reaction was more likely caused by an allergen than by an irritant; these symptoms were followed 1 day later by a vigorous blistering reaction (Panel A). Examination revealed tense bullae without surrounding inflammation in a geometric pattern that strictly mirrored the sites of application (Panel B). Temporary henna tattooing is a custom at weddings in much of the world. . . .
A Return to Farr and Nightingale
Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997A Return to Farr and NightingaleLisa I. Iezzoni, MD, MScLisa I. Iezzoni, MD, MScBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston, MA 02215Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As I said in response to the first letter of Drs. Vandenbroucke and Vandenbroucke-Grauls, their assertions are reasonable. It all boils down to context: My comments were framed by current state and regional initiatives to publish “report cards” on hospitals. I cannot imagine the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council [1], New York's Cardiac Surgery Reporting System [2], or Cleveland Health Quality Choice [3] using the number of deaths per 100 days in-hospital in their report cards on hospital mortality rates. Given the common English meaning of the words “death rate,” such figures would not make intuitive sense ...References1. Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council. Focus on Heart Attack in Western Pennsylvania. A 1993 Summary Report for Health Benefits Purchasers, Health Care Providers, Policy-makers, and Consumers. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council; 1996. Google Scholar2. Chassin MR, Hannan EL, DeBuono BA. Benefits and hazards of reporting medical outcomes publicly. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334:394-8. Google Scholar3. Rosenthal GE, Harper DL. Cleveland Health Quality Choice: a model for collaborative community-based outcomes assessment. Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 1994; 20:425-42. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lisa I. Iezzoni, MD, MScAffiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 171KeywordsCardiac surgeryDeath ratesHealth care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Prospective Study of Polyomavirus Type BK Replication and Nephropathy in Renal-Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hans H. Hirsch, Wendy Knowles, Michael Dickenmann, Jakob Passweg, Thomas Klimkait, Michael J. Mihatsch, Jürg Steiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Nephropathy associated with the polyomavirus type BK (BKV) nephropathy has emerged as a cause of allograft failure linked to immunosuppressive regimens containing tacrolimus or mycophenolate mofetil. The presence of viral inclusions, known as "decoy cells," in urine and the presence of BKV DNA in plasma have been proposed as markers for the replication of BKV and associated nephropathy, but data from prospective studies have been lacking.In a prospective, single-center study, we followed 78 renal-transplant recipients who were receiving immunosuppressive therapy that included tacrolimus (37 patients) or mycophenolate mofetil (41 patients). Urine was tested for the presence of decoy cells at routine visits. BKV DNA was measured 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation and whenever decoy cells were detected. The viral load in plasma was quantified with the use of a real-time polymerase-chain-reaction method. Renal biopsy was performed if allograft function deteriorated.Twenty-three patients had decoy-cell shedding a median of 16 weeks after transplantation (range, 2 to 69), 10 patients had BKV viremia at a median of 23 weeks (range, 4 to 73), and 5 had BKV nephropathy at a median of 28 weeks (range, 8 to 86). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of decoy-cell shedding, viremia, and nephropathy were 30 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 20 to 40 percent), 13 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 5 to 21 percent), and 8 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 1 to 15 percent), respectively. Antirejection treatment, particularly with corticosteroids, was associated with BKV replication and nephropathy. The viral load in plasma was higher in patients with BKV nephropathy than in those without nephropathy (P<0.001 by the Mann-Whitney test). BKV antibodies were detected in 77 percent of the 78 patients before transplantation, including 4 of 5 with BKV nephropathy.BKV nephropathy in renal-transplant recipients represents a secondary infection associated with rejection and its treatment in most cases and could be monitored by measuring the viral load in plasma.
A Case of Keratodermia Punctata
Authors: B. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Keratodermia punctata is a very rare disease.The follow- ing case is a good example of it and fulfils the criteria for diagnosis postulated by Sweitzer'(1923), who stated that "the true keratoderma punctatum should not show a generalized hyperkeratosis or any erythema at the edges of the lesions."Cleveland White (1930) had a similar case treated by chiropody for twelve years without improvement.My patient had been treated' by a chiropodist for two months without success.
Diagnosis of Brain Death and Organ Donation-Reply
Authors: Oscar W. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —As Dr Surman observes, the scarcity of cadaveric organs is a serious problem. Physicians should redouble their efforts to educate the public about organ donation and to encourage more people to volunteer their organs for transplantation.  However, there is good reason to separate discussions about withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from discussions about organ donation. When the two issues are considered together, patients may fear that the need for more organs is causing the medical profession to be less aggressive about treating seriously ill patients. Many people already believe that concerns about rising health care costs are causing health care providers to encourage greater use of living wills and other advance directives. 1 If policies for organ donation are developed in the context of policies for the curtailment of life-sustaining treatment, the public might become more reluctant to volunteer as organ donors.  Surman notes that organ donation may