tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intussusception Risk and Health Benefits of Rotavirus Vaccination in Mexico and Brazil
Authors: Manish M. Patel, Vesta Richardson López-Collada, Marília Mattos Bulhões, Lucia Helena De Oliveira, Aurora Bautista Márquez, Brendan Flannery, Marcelino Esparza-Aguilar, Ernesto Isaac Montenegro Renoiner, María Edilia Luna-Cruz, Helena Keico Sato, Luz del Carmen Hernández-Hernández, Gerardo Toledo-Cortina, Magdalena Cerón-Rodríguez, Neydi Osnaya-Romero, Mario Martínez-Alcazar, Rocío Gabriela Aguinaga-Villasenor, Arturo Plascencia-Hernández, Francisco Fojaco-González, Guillermo Hernández-Peredo Rezk, Sixto Fortino Gutierrez-Ramírez, Roberto Dorame-Castillo, Rogelio Tinajero-Pizano, Bernice Mercado-Villegas, Marilia Reichelt Barbosa, Eliane Mara Cesário Maluf, Lucimar Bozza Ferreira, Francisca Maria de Carvalho, Ana Rosa dos Santos, Eduardo Dolabella Cesar, Maria Elisa Paula de Oliveira, Carmem Lúcia Osterno Silva, Maria de los Angeles Cortes, Cuauhtemoc Ruiz Matus, Jacqueline Tate, Paul Gargiullo, Umesh D. Parashar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Because postlicensure surveillance determined that a previous rotavirus vaccine, RotaShield, caused intussusception in 1 of every 10,000 recipients, we assessed the association of the new monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) with intussusception after routine immunization of infants in Mexico and Brazil.We used case-series and case-control methods to assess the association between RV1 and intussusception. Infants with intussusception were identified through active surveillance at 69 hospitals (16 in Mexico and 53 in Brazil), and age-matched infants from the same neighborhood were enrolled as controls. Vaccination dates were verified by a review of vaccination cards or clinic records.We enrolled 615 case patients (285 in Mexico and 330 in Brazil) and 2050 controls. An increased risk of intussusception 1 to 7 days after the first dose of RV1 was identified among infants in Mexico with the use of both the case-series method (incidence ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 to 9.3) and the case-control method (odds ratio, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.6 to 13.0). No significant risk was found after the first dose among infants in Brazil, but an increased risk, albeit smaller than that seen after the first dose in Mexico--an increase by a factor of 1.9 to 2.6 - was seen 1 to 7 days after the second dose. A combined annual excess of 96 cases of intussusception in Mexico (approximately 1 per 51,000 infants) and in Brazil (approximately 1 per 68,000 infants) and of 5 deaths due to intussusception was attributable to RV1. However, RV1 prevented approximately 80,000 hospitalizations and 1300 deaths from diarrhea each year in these two countries.RV1 was associated with a short-term risk of intussusception in approximately 1 of every 51,000 to 68,000 vaccinated infants. The absolute number of deaths and hospitalizations averted because of vaccination far exceeded the number of intussusception cases that may have been associated with vaccination. (Funded in part by the GAVI Alliance and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.).
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Disorders in the Chile Psychiatric Prevalence Study
Authors: Benjamin Vicente, Robert Kohn, Pedro Rioseco, Sandra Saldivia, Itzhak Levav, Silverio Torres
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Although several epidemiological studies of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders have been conducted in Latin America, few of them were national studies that could be used to develop region-wide estimates. Data are presented on the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders, demographic correlates, comorbidity, and service utilization in a nationally representative adult sample from Chile. Method: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered to a stratified random sample of 2,978 individuals from four provinces representative of the country's population age 15 and older. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates were estimated. Results: Approximately one-third (31.5%) of the population had a lifetime psychiatric disorder, and 22.2% had a disorder in the past 12 months. The most common lifetime psychiatric disorders were agoraphobia (11.1%), social phobia (10.2%), simple phobia (9.8%), major depressive disorder (9.2%), and alcohol dependence (6.4%). Of those with a 12-month prevalence diagnosis, 30.1% had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. The majority of those with comorbidity had sought out mental health services, in contrast to one-quarter of those with a single disorder. Conclusions: The prevalence rates in Chile are similar to those obtained in other studies conducted in Latin America and Spanish-speaking North American groups. Comorbidity and alcohol use disorders, however, were not as prevalent as in North America.
Failure to show decrease in small pulmonary blood vessels in rats with experimental pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: J M Kay, K L Suyama, P M Keane
Journal: Thorax (1982)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Pre-symptomatic subjects are spreaders of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and strategies that could identify these subjects, particularly in hospital settings, are needed. <h3>Methods</h3> We tested a cohort of 9449 employees at work at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies, linked the screening results to sick leave records and examined the association between screening results and past or future sick leave using multinomial logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> We found that healthcare workers with high amounts of SARS-CoV-2 virus, as indicated by the Cycle threshold (Ct) value in the PCR, had the highest risk for sick leave in the two weeks after testing (OR 11·97 (CI 95% 6·29-22·80)) whereas subjects with low amounts of virus had the highest risk for sick leave in the past three weeks before testing (OR 6·31 (4·38-9·08)). Only 2·5% of employees were SARS-CoV-2 positive while 10·5% were positive by serology and 1·2% were positive in both tests. Serology-positive subjects were not at excess risk for future sick leave (OR 1·06 (95% CI, 0·71-1·57)), but virus-positive subjects had a 7·23 fold (95% CI, 4·52-11·57)) increased risk for sick leave within two weeks post testing. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Screening of asymptomatic healthcare workers for high amounts of SARS-CoV-2 virus using Ct values will identify pre-symptomatic subjects who will develop disease in the next few weeks. Identification of potentially contagious, pre-symptomatic subjects is likely critical for protecting patients and healthcare workers. <h3>Main point</h3> Healthy healthcare workers with low amounts of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids will previously have had the disease. Presence of a high amount of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids predicts future symptomatic disease.
Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Reveals Partial Translational Regulation for Dosage Compensation in Chicken
Authors: Severin Uebbing, Anne Konzer, Luohao Xu, Niclas Backström, Björn Brunström, Jonas Bergquist, Hans Ellegren
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

There is increasing evidence that dosage compensation is not a ubiquitous feature following sex chromosome evolution, especially not in organisms where females are the heterogametic sex, like in birds. Even when it occurs, compensation can be incomplete and limited to dosage-sensitive genes. However, previous work has mainly studied transcriptional regulation of sex-linked genes, which may not reflect expression at the protein level. Here, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect and quantify expressed levels of more than 2,400 proteins in ten different tissues of male and female chicken embryos. For comparison, transcriptome sequencing was performed in the same individuals, five of each sex. The proteomic analysis revealed that dosage compensation was incomplete, with a mean male-to-female (M:F) expression ratio of Z-linked genes of 1.32 across tissues, similar to that at the RNA level (1.29). The mean Z chromosome-to-autosome expression ratio was close to 1 in males and lower than 1 in females, consistent with partly reduced Z chromosome expression in females. Although our results exclude a general mechanism for chromosome-wide dosage compensation at translation, 30% of all proteins encoded from Z-linked genes showed a significant change in the M:F ratio compared with the corresponding ratio at the RNA level. This resulted in a pattern where some genes showed balanced expression between sexes and some close to 2-fold higher expression in males. This suggests that proteomic analyses will be necessary to reveal a more complete picture of gene regulation and sex chromosome evolution.
Use of Google Translate in medical communication: evaluation of accuracy
Authors: S. Patil, P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Communication is the cornerstone of medicine, without which we cannot interact with our patients.1 The General Medical Council’s Good Medical Practice states that “Doctors must listen to patients, take account of their views, and respond honestly to their questions.”2 However, we still often interact with patients who do not speak the local language.

In the United Kingdom most hospitals have access to translation services, but they are expensive and often cumbersome. A complex and nuanced medical, ethical, and treatment discussion with patients whose knowledge of the local language is inadequate remains challenging. Indeed, even in a native language there is an element of translation from medical to lay terminology.

We recently treated a very sick child in our paediatric intensive care unit. The parents did not speak English, and there were no human translators available. Reluctantly we resorted to a web based translation tool. We were uncertain whether Google Translate was accurately translating our complex medical phrases.3 4 Fortunately our patient recovered, and a …
Effects of Swimming Pool Water on the Cornea
Authors: Jeffrey R. Haag
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Eye examinations performed on 50 subjects immediately before and after swimming in a chlorinated pool showed that 34 subjects (68%) saw rainbows and/or halos around lights after swimming, a symptom indicating the presence of corneal edema. Forty-seven subjects (94%) had corneal epithelial erosions in a punctate or linear pattern demonstrated by fluorescein staining on slit-lamp examination. No subject experienced a measurable decrease in visual acuity.
Inconsistent Association Between the STK15 F31I Genetic Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Olivia Fletcher, Nichola Johnson, Claire Palles, Isabel dos Santos Silva, Valerie McCormack, John Whittaker, Alan Ashworth, Julian Peto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

STK15 may be a low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility gene, and several reports suggest that women who are homozygous for the polymorphic variant F31I have an increased risk of breast cancer. To evaluate this potential breast cancer allele, we genotyped 507 patients with two primary breast cancers and 875 population-based control subjects for the STK15 F31I polymorphism. All statistical tests were two-sided. The Ile/Ile homozygous genotype was not associated with an increased risk in white women of British descent. The odds ratio for developing two primary breast cancers) in Ile/Ile homozygotes was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34 to 1.13), which corresponds to an odds ratio of 0.79 (95% CI = 0.58 to 1.06) for a first primary breast cancer. A meta-analysis of this study and other published studies showed statistically significant heterogeneity in the odds ratio estimates ( P <.001). This heterogeneity could reflect either population-specific linkage disequilibrium with a functional variant or artifacts such as population stratification or publication bias.
Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens
Authors: J. Bousquet, L. Heinzerling, C. Bachert, N. G. Papadopoulos, P. J. Bousquet, P. G. Burney, G. W. Canonica, K. H. Carlsen, L. Cox, T. Haahtela, K. C. Lodrup Carlsen, D. Price, B. Samolinski, F. E. R. Simons, M. Wickman, I. Annesi‐Maesano, C. E. Baena‐Cagnani, K. C. Bergmann, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, T. B. Casale, A. Chiriac, A. A. Cruz, R. Dubakiene, S. R. Durham, W. J. Fokkens, R. Gerth‐van‐Wijk, O. Kalayci, M. L. Kowalski, A. Mari, J. Mullol, L. Nazamova‐Baranova, R. E. O’Hehir, K. Ohta, P. Panzner, G. Passalacqua, J. Ring, B. Rogala, A. Romano, D. Ryan, P. Schmid‐Grendelmeier, A. Todo‐Bom, R. Valenta, S. Woehrl, O. M. Yusuf, T. Zuberbier, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Bousquet J, Heinzerling L, Bachert C, Papadopoulos NG, Bousquet PJ, Burney PG, Canonica GW, Carlsen KH, Cox L, Haahtela T, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Price D, Samolinski B, Simons FER, Wickman M, Annesi‐Maesano I, Baena‐Cagnani CE, Bergmann KC, Bindslev‐Jensen C, Casale TB, Chiriac A, Cruz AA, Dubakiene R, Durham SR, Fokkens WJ, Gerth‐van‐Wijk R, Kalayci O, Kowalski ML, Mari A, Mullol J, Nazamova‐Baranova L, O’Hehir RE, Ohta K, Panzner P, Passalacqua G, Ring J, Rogala B, Romano A, Ryan D, Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Todo‐Bom A, Valenta R, Woehrl S, Yusuf OM, Zuberbier T, Demoly P. Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens. Allergy 2012; 67 : 18–24. Abstract This pocket guide is the result of a consensus reached between members of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA 2 LEN) and Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). The aim of the current pocket guide is to offer a comprehensive set of recommendations on the use of skin prick tests in allergic rhinitis–conjunctivitis and asthma in daily practice. This pocket guide is meant to give simple answers to the most frequent questions raised by practitioners in Europe, including ‘practicing allergists’, general practitioners and any other physicians with special interest in the management of allergic diseases. It is not a long or detailed scientific review of the topic. However, the recommendations in this pocket guide were compiled following an in‐depth review of existing guidelines and publications, including the 1993 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology position paper, the 2001 ARIA document and the ARIA update 2008 (prepared in collaboration with GA 2 LEN). The recommendations cover skin test methodology and interpretation, allergen extracts to be used, as well as indications in a variety of settings including paediatrics and developing countries.
Evidence-Based Treatment of Anxiety in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Lara Traeger, Joseph A. Greer, Carlos Fernandez-Robles, Jennifer S. Temel, William F. Pirl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Anxiety is a dynamic response to perceived threat that is common among patients with cancer and fluctuates at critical points in the disease trajectory. A substantial minority of patients may experience clinically significant anxiety resulting from a range of potential etiologic factors. This review summarizes evidence-based recommendations for treatment of anxiety in oncology settings. Recommendations are based on the nature and time course of anxiety and the results of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and individual trials in cancer populations. The evidence-based literature supports the use of psychosocial and psychopharmacologic treatments to prevent or alleviate anxiety symptoms.are tempered by study heterogeneity and methodologic limitations and a lack of trials that included patients with clinically significant anxiety. In oncology settings, accessibility and acceptability of evidence-based treatments vary, and patients may seek a variety of resources to manage cancer concerns. Treatment planning should incorporate contributing factors to anxiety and patient preferences for psychiatric care.
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in murine hearts with acute myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3.
Authors: Y Seko, H Matsuda, K Kato, Y Hashimoto, H Yagita, K Okumura, Y Yazaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

A cell-mediated autoimmune mechanism has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. Using a murine model of myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), we previously reported that the heart is infiltrated first by natural killer cells, which express a cytolytic factor, perforin, and then by activated T cells. This action may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the observed myocardial cell damage. Cell-cell contact and adhesion is required in immune responses, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), plays an important role in this process. To investigate the essential role of the ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway in the cell-mediated cytotoxicity involved in viral myocarditis, we examined by immunofluorescence the expression of ICAM-1 in murine hearts with acute myocarditis caused by CVB3. We also evaluated the induction of ICAM-1 in cultured cardiac myocytes treated with cytokines by immunofluorescence and Northern blot hybridization. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of in vivo administration of anti-ICAM-1 mAbs on the inflammation associated with acute viral myocarditis. We found that CVB3-induced murine acute myocarditis resulted in enhanced expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cells. The expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cells could be induced in vitro by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, which were shown to be synthesized by the infiltrating cells. In vivo treatment with F(ab')2 fragments of an anti-ICAM-1 mAb significantly reduced the myocardial inflammation induced by CVB3. These data strongly suggest that the expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cells plays a critical role in the cell-mediated cytotoxicity involved in acute viral myocarditis.
Inhibition of calbindin D28K expression by cyclosporin A in rat kidney
Authors: C W Yang, J Kim, Y H Kim, J H Cha, S Y Mim, Y O Kim, Y S Shin, Y S Kim, B K Bang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

A recent study by Steiner et al. (Biochem Pharmacol 51: 253-258, 1996) demonstrated a decreased calbindin D28K expression in the kidneys of cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated rats. To evaluate the association of renal calcium handling with calbindin D28K expression in CsA-treated rats, two separate experiments (vehicle [VH] versus CsA groups, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [VitD] versus VitD + CsA groups) were done simultaneously. CsA (25 mg/kg per d, subcutaneously) and VitD (0.5 microg/kg per d, subcutaneously) were given for 7 d. The CsA group showed decreased serum calcium, increased urine calcium excretion, and decreased calbindin D28K protein level and immunoreactivity compared with the VH group. The VitD + CsA treatment decreased serum calcium, increased urine calcium excretion, and decreased calbindin D28K protein level and immunoreactivity compared with the VitD alone. CsA treatment did not affect the serum parathyroid hormone and VitD levels. This study demonstrates an association of calbindin D28K expression with the urinary calcium excretion in CsA-treated rats, and suggests that decreased calbindin D28K expression may play a role in renal calcium wasting.
Antibody to liver membrane antigens in chronic active hepatitis. IV. Exclusion of specific reactivity to polypeptides and glycolipids by immunoblotting
Authors: Ian H. Frazer, William T. Jordan, Elizabeth C. Collins, Paul Andrews, Ian R. Mackay
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The reactivity of sera was examined in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and other liver diseases by immunoblotting. Polypeptides and glycolipids of liver plasma membrane, liver-specific lipoprotein and kidney membrane were separated and probed with sera from patients and from a rabbit immunized with mouse liver plasma membrane. Chronic active hepatitis sera reacted with a number of polypeptides in the liver plasma membrane preparations; similar but weaker reactivity was observed with sera from patients with other diseases and in some healthy subjects. Chronic active hepatitis sera did not react with glycolipids from liver plasma membrane. The immune rabbit serum reacted with two polypeptides of 180 kd present in liver plasma membrane but absent from kidney membrane, with two polypeptides of 50 kd which were nonliver-specific but species-specific, and with three major glycolipid components of liver plasma membrane: this reactivity thus differed markedly from that of the chronic active hepatitis sera. In studies using dot-blotting, it was found that solubilization of liver plasma membrane in detergents resulted in a marked reduction of the reactivity to liver plasma membrane of chronic active hepatitis sera, but little change in the reactivity of the immune rabbit antiserum. Analysis of the reactivity of chronic active hepatitis and other sera with liver-specific lipoprotein by immunoblotting indicated that liver-specific lipoprotein consisted of constituents of liver plasma membrane together with intracellular proteins. While conditions utilized for electrophoretic separation of components of liver plasma membrane prior to immunoblotting do allow identification of some polypeptide-directed reactivities in chronic active hepatitis sera, these were not disease-specific.
Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 ( <i>Ddr1</i> ) Deletion Decreases Atherosclerosis by Accelerating Matrix Accumulation and Reducing Inflammation in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice
Authors: Christopher Franco, Guangpei Hou, Pamela J. Ahmad, Edwin Y.K. Fu, Lena Koh, Wolfgang F. Vogel, Michelle P. Bendeck
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Collagens are abundant within the atherosclerotic plaque, where they contribute to lesion volume and mechanical stability and influence cell signaling. The discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to collagen, is expressed in blood vessels, but evidence for a functional role during atherogenesis is incomplete. In the present study, we generated Ddr1(+/+);Ldlr(-/-) and Ddr1(-/-);Ldlr(-/-) mice and fed them an atherogenic diet for 12 or 24 weeks. Targeted deletion of Ddr1 resulted in a 50% to 60% reduction in atherosclerotic lesion area in the descending aorta at both 12 and 24 weeks. Ddr1(-/-);Ldlr(-/-) plaques exhibited accelerated deposition of fibrillar collagen and elastin at 12 weeks compared with Ddr1(+/+);Ldlr(-/-) plaques. Expression analysis of laser microdissected lesions in vivo, and of Ddr1(-/-) smooth muscle cells in vitro, revealed increased mRNA levels for procollagen alpha1(I) and alpha1(III) and tropoelastin, suggesting an enhancement of matrix synthesis in the absence of DDR1. Furthermore, whereas plaque smooth muscle cell content was unchanged, Ddr1(-/-);Ldlr(-/-) plaques had a 49% decrease in macrophage content at 12 weeks, with a concomitant reduction of in situ gelatinolytic activity. Moreover, mRNA expression of both monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was reduced in vivo, and Ddr1(-/-);Ldlr(-/-) macrophages demonstrated impaired matrix metalloproteinase expression in vitro. These data suggest novel roles for DDR1 in macrophage recruitment and invasion during atherogenesis. In conclusion, our data support a role for DDR1 in the regulation of both inflammation and fibrosis early in plaque development. Deletion of DDR1 attenuated atherogenesis and resulted in the formation of matrix-rich plaques.