tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critique of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: C B Mullins, K Lipscomb
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1977)

Patients with single-vessel disease, with normal or mildly abnormal ventricular function (EF greater than 40%), have a good prognosis both for natural survival and long-range symptomatic improvement; therefore medical therapy is strongly recommended. Surgery is considered only if symptoms persist after aggressive medical therapy. It is possible that single-vessel left anterior descending disease is a special variant of this group, and surgery may, with further reports, show an increased survival. However, no adequately designed study has yet suggested this, and it is currently our opinion that patients with single-vessel disease do not have an improved survival following surgery. It is not clear whether surgery improves survival in patients with multivessel disease and normal or mildly abnormal ventricular function (EF greater than 40%). Consequently, cardiologists are divided as to whether to advise surgery in these patients solely for survival. Currently, it is our opinion that these patients should have surgery only for improvement of symptoms after failure of medical therapy. In left main coronary disease the evidence favoring improved survival after surgery has convinced most cardiologists, including ourselves, to recommend surgery. Patients with poor ventricular function (EF less than 30%) secondary to coronary artery disease often have congestive heart failure and not angina as their chief symptom. Surgery is usually not advisable for these patients, because of the increased operative mortality and lack of improvement in ventricular function. Patients with poor ventricular function with angina are not usually significantly improved by surgery. In patients with moderately abnormal ventricular function (EF = 30-40%), relief of angina is frequently obtained, but with some added surgical risk. We recommend surgery in these patients after aggressive medical therapy has failed. Patients with unstable angina are initially medically stabilized, after which they are generally managed as stable angina. Patients with persistence of pain at rest in spite of vigorous medical therapy are usually managed by early catheterization and surgery.
Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume
Authors: Joshua C Bis, Charles Decarli, Albert Vernon Smith, Fedde van Der Lijn, Fabrice Crivello, Myriam Fornage, Stephanie Debette, Joshua M Shulman, Helena Schmidt, Velandai Srikanth, Maaike Schuur, Lei Yu, Seung-Hoan Choi, Sigurdur Sigurdsson, Benjamin F J Verhaaren, Anita L Destefano, Jean-Charles Lambert, Clifford R Jack, Maksim Struchalin, Jim Stankovich, Carla A Ibrahim-Verbaas, Debra Fleischman, Alex Zijdenbos, Tom den Heijer, Bernard Mazoyer, Laura H Coker, Christian Enzinger, Patrick Danoy, Najaf Amin, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Mark A van Buchem, Renée F a G de Bruijn, Alexa Beiser, Carole Dufouil, Juebin Huang, Margherita Cavalieri, Russell Thomson, Wiro J Niessen, Lori B Chibnik, Gauti K Gislason, Albert Hofman, Aleksandra Pikula, Philippe Amouyel, Kevin B Freeman, Thanh G Phan, Ben A Oostra, Jason L Stein, Sarah E Medland, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Derrek P Hibar, Margaret J Wright, Barbara Franke, Nicholas G Martin, Paul M Thompson, Michael A Nalls, Andre G Uitterlinden, Rhoda Au, Alexis Elbaz, Richard J Beare, John C van Swieten, Oscar L Lopez, Tamara B Harris, Vincent Chouraki, Monique M B Breteler, Philip L de Jager, James T Becker, Meike W Vernooij, David Knopman, Franz Fazekas, Philip A Wolf, Aad van Der Lugt, Vilmundur Gudnason, W T Longstreth, Matthew A Brown, David A Bennett, Cornelia M van Duijn, Thomas H Mosley, Reinhold Schmidt, Christophe Tzourio, Lenore J Launer, M Arfan Ikram, Sudha Seshadri
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Managed Care Organization and the Quality of Diabetes Care
Authors: Catherine Kim, David F. Williamson, Carol M. Mangione, Monika M. Safford, Joseph V. Selby, David G. Marrero, J. David Curb, Theodore J. Thompson, K.M. Venkat Narayan, William H. Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To examine the association between the organizational model and diabetes processes of care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used data from the Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a multicenter study of diabetes care in managed care, including 8,354 patients with diabetes. We identified five model types: for-profit group/network, for-profit independent practice association (IPA), nonprofit group/network, nonprofit IPA, and nonprofit group/staff. Process measures included retinal, renal, foot, lipid, and HbA1c testing; aspirin recommendations; influenza vaccination; and a sum of these seven processes of care over 1 year. Hierarchical regression models were constructed for each process measure and accounted for clustering at the health plan and provider group levels and adjusted for participant age, sex, race, ethnicity, diabetes treatment and duration, education, income, health status, and survey language. RESULTS—Participant membership in the model types ranged from 9% in nonprofit IPA models to 38% in nonprofit group/staff models. Over 75% of participants received most of the processes of care, regardless of model type. However, among for-profit plans, group/network models provided on average more processes of care than IPA models (5.5 vs. 4.7, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and group/network models generally increased the probability of receiving a process by ≥10 percentage points. Among nonprofit plans, no effect of model type was found. CONCLUSIONS—Among for-profit plans, group/network models provided better diabetes processes of care than IPA models. Although reasons are speculative, this may be due to the clinical infrastructure available in group models that is not available in IPA models.
Finding disease candidate genes by liquid association
Authors: Ker-Chau Li, Aarno Palotie, Shinsheng Yuan, Denis Bronnikov, Daniel Chen, Xuelian Wei, Oi-Wa Choi, Janna Saarela, Leena Peltonen
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

A novel approach to finding candidate genes by using gene expression data through liquid association is developed and used to identify multiple sclerosis susceptibility candidate genes.
Oxidative Mediated Lipid Peroxidation Recapitulates Proarrhythmic Effects on Cardiac Sodium Channels
Authors: Koji Fukuda, Sean S. Davies, Tadashi Nakajima, Boon-Hooi Ong, Sabina Kupershmidt, Joshua Fessel, Venkataraman Amarnath, Mark E. Anderson, Penelope A. Boyden, Prakash C. Viswanathan, L. Jackson Roberts, Jeffrey R. Balser
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Sudden cardiac death attributable to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VF) remains a catastrophic outcome of myocardial ischemia and infarction. At the same time, conventional antagonist drugs targeting ion channels have yielded poor survival benefits. Although pharmacological and genetic models suggest an association between sodium (Na+) channel loss-of-function and sudden cardiac death, molecular mechanisms have not been identified that convincingly link ischemia to Na+ channel dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias. Because ischemia can evoke the generation of reactive oxygen species, we explored the effect of oxidative stress on Na+ channel function. We show here that oxidative stress reduces Na+ channel availability. Both the general oxidant tert-butyl-hydroperoxide and a specific, highly reactive product of the isoprostane pathway of lipid peroxidation, E2-isoketal, potentiate inactivation of cardiac Na+ channels in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells and cultured atrial (HL-1) myocytes. Furthermore, E2-isoketals were generated in the epicardial border zone of the canine healing infarct, an arrhythmogenic focus where Na+ channels exhibit similar inactivation defects. In addition, we show synergistic functional effects of flecainide, a proarrhythmic Na+ channel blocker, and oxidative stress. These data suggest Na+ channel dysfunction evoked by lipid peroxidation is a candidate mechanism for ischemia-related conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias.
FEV6: a shortcut in spirometry?
Authors: O. F. Pedersen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

During the past 50 yrs, the forced expiratory manoeuvre has formed the basis for the most extensively used lung function test. Although “spirometry” means measurement of breath and, therefore, should include all kinds of measurements related to breathing, it is now almost a convention that spirometry is synonymous with measurements involving a forced vital capacity (FVC).

In his historical note, Yernault 1 mentions that Tiffenau and Pinelli published the first results from recording forced expiration manoeuvres in 1947. A couple of years later, the Tiffeneau test was developed, defining the ratio between the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the vital capacity (VC). To calculate this ratio, both the FVC and the VC (always measured during expiration) became acceptable. With spirometry, there is a potential ability to diagnose obstructive and restrictive abnormalities. Obstruction is a condition with decreased FEV1/VC, whereas restriction is a condition with decreased total lung capacity (TLC). Therefore, it is important that the VC (or FVC) gives the best possible measure of TLC. A decreased VC may occur due to loss of alveolar space, which decreases TLC. Obstruction may lead to airway closure and a decrease of FVC, but TLC is not decreased. The largest VC is the inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), which is measured during a slow inspiration from residual volume to TLC, and, therefore, IVC was recommended as the denominator in the FEV1/VC ratio 2. As IVC cannot be obtained during the FVC manoeuvre, it requires an extra measurement, and is seldom used outside specialised lung function laboratories. The use of FVC instead is not without problems. In severely obstructed patients, the total exhalation may last for up to 20 s 3, until the current end-of-test standards for accurately measured FVC 4 are met. This may be very …
Randomised Phase III study of biweekly 24-h infusion of high-dose 5FU with folinic acid and oxaliplatin versus monthly plus 5-FU/folinic acid in first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: G.A.P. Hospers, M. Schaapveld, J.W.R. Nortier, J. Wils, A. van Bochove, R.S. de Jong, G.J. Creemers, Z. Erjavec, D.J. de Gooyer, P. H. Th. J. Slee, C.J.H. Gerrits, J.M. Smit, N.H. Mulder
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Th17 cells in autoimmune arthritis
Authors: J Leipe, M Grunke, C Dechant, C Reindl, U Kerzendorf, H Schulze-Koops, A Skapenko
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

BackgroundThe role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases is elusive.To gain insights into the role of Th17 cells in human autoimmune diseases, the authors analysed Th17 cells in patients with prototypic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods and Results Th17 cells were analysed in well-defi ned homogeneous cohorts of patients: treatment-naive patients with active early RA (n=6; disease duration 2.8 months; disease activity score 28 (DAS28) 5.0) and PsA (n=9; disease duration 2.3 months), and patients with established RA responding or not responding to therapy with methotrexate/adalimumab (n=1; mean disease duration 68 months).Healthy individuals and patients with osteoarthritis were used as control cohorts.Th17 cell frequencies and IL17 production strongly correlated with systemic disease activity at both the onset and the progression of the diseases.They were reduced to control levels in response to clinically effective treatment.Th17 cells were enriched in the joints, and increased frequencies of synovial Th17 cells expressed CCR4 and CCR6, indicative of selective migration of Th17 cells to the joints.The intrinsically elevated expression of the master transcription factor for Th17 cells, RORC, accompanied by biased Th17 cell development and a resistance of Th17 cells from the patients to natural on July 29, 2023 by guest.
S40 A cross sectional investigation to determine the background prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in unselected medical inpatients in a low prevalence region of UK reveals high rates of IGRA positivity
Authors: N. Varsani, T. S. C. Hinks, D. T. Godsiff, T. C. Bull, K. L. Nash, L. McLuckie, A. Warley
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The background rate of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in low prevalence regions of the UK is unknown. Interferon γ release assays (IGRAs) are sensitive and specific methods for detecting LTBI, and have accurately characterised the epidemiology of LTBI among high risk populations such as recent TB contacts or immigrants. However there are no current data on the incidence of IGRA positivity among the general adult population in the UK. Such data would be valuable for interpreting the significance of a positive IGRA result, and guiding cost-benefit analyses of new diagnostics. <h3>Methods</h3> A TB outbreak occurred within a rural DGH. 481 individuals were identified as potential contacts and were tested by IGRA (TSpot.<i>TB</i>). Uniquely, for comparison, we recruited an additional large cohort of age matched controls from the same general wards but with no exposure to the outbreak. <h3>Results</h3> 456 staff and patients were tested including 148 unexposed age-matched patient controls. Rates of positivity were 22% (95%CI, 14 to 29), 11% (6.1 to 16), 8.8% (4.2 to 13) and 9.5% (3.0 to 22) among exposed patients, exposed staff, unexposed patients and unexposed staff respectively. 8 cases of active TB (identical VNTR profile) and an estimated 35 cases of recently acquired LTBI can be attributed to exposure to the index case, out of 481 contacts. Characteristics of the unexposed controls are in Abstract S40 table 1. IGRA positivity was associated in multivariate analyses with history of previous TB treatment (OR 11, p=0.04) and use of corticosteroids (OR 5.9, p=0.02), but not with age. The age specific prevalences of IGRA positivity were 0 (N/A) for ages &lt;40, 15.3% (12.2 to 29.4) for ages 40–59, 7.0% (0.92 to 13%) for age 60–79, and 10% (5.9 to 19) for ages =80. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We observed a surprisingly high background rate of IGRA positivity among an unselected population typical of respiratory and general medical inpatients in a rural DGH. All controls were white-Caucasians, who comprise 92% of the UK population, and may represent a current minimum UK background rate. As rates were highest in the 5th and 6th decade, in the context of ageing populations and increasing iatrogenic immunosuppression, reactivation of LTBI may be a persistent hazard for several decades to come.
Development of a 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-lnduced, Transplantable, Hormone-Sensitive Mammary Tumor in the Rat2
Authors: Richard R. Gala, Stephen L. Peck
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Development of a 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-lnduced, Transplantable, Hormone-Sensitive Mammary Tumor in the Rat Get access Richard R. Gala, Richard R. Gala Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephen L. Peck Stephen L. Peck 3Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Mich. 48201. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 5, November 1974, Pages 1289–1293, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.5.1289 Published: 01 November 1974 Article history Received: 23 April 1974 Accepted: 18 July 1974 Published: 01 November 1974
Endotoxin Mediates Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II to Target Genes in Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Masayo Naito, Karol Bomsztyk, Richard A. Zager
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Acute renal failure (ARF) sensitizes the kidney to endotoxin (LPS)-driven production of cytokines and chemokines. This study assessed whether this LPS hyperresponsiveness exists at the genomic level. Three heterogeneous mouse models of ARF were studied: Maleate nephrotoxicity, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and LPS preconditioning. In all cases, LPS was injected approximately 18 h after injury was induced, and over the next 0 to 90 min, RNA polymerase II recruitment to the genome at three LPS-responsive genes (TNF-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant-1 [MCP-1], and heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1]) was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. LPS hyperresponsiveness was noted in each model, measured by exaggerated increases in TNF-alpha and MCP-1 mRNA (approximately two to 10 times higher than LPS-injected controls). Corresponding increases in the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the TNF-alpha and MCP-1 genes were observed, and increased trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4m3) at these sites may have played a role in this recruitment. Conversely, recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the HO-1 gene was suppressed ("tolerance"), and no increase in H3K4m3 was observed at HO-1 exons. The ARF-induced changes in mRNA did not correlate with mRNA stability, suggesting the mechanistic importance of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcriptional events. In conclusion, LPS hyperresponsiveness after ARF is likely mediated at the genomic level, possibly by H3K4m3.
Risk Communication for Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Deborah C. Glik
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2007)

This review defines crisis risk communication, traces its origins to a number of applied fields, and then shows how basic principles have become incorporated into emergency preparedness and risk communication for public health. Literature from four different disciplines that inform crisis risk communications are reviewed. These are (a) environmental risk communication, (b) disaster management, (c) health promotion and communication, and (d) media and communication studies. Current curricula and training materials are briefly reviewed. Although this literature review suggests much progress has been made to incorporate and disseminate crisis risk communication principles into public health practice, and case studies suggest that public health workers have gained skills and experience, this emerging field still lacks in-depth evaluation of the effectiveness of event-specific crisis risk communication efforts.
Cellular Origin and Developmental Program of Coronary Angiogenesis
Authors: Xueying Tian, William T. Pu, Bin Zhou
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Coronary artery disease causes acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Identifying coronary vascular progenitors and their developmental program could inspire novel regenerative treatments for cardiac diseases. The developmental origins of the coronary vessels have been shrouded in mystery and debated for several decades. Recent identification of progenitors for coronary vessels within the endocardium, epicardium, and sinus venosus provides new insights into this question. In addition, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the cellular and molecular programs that orchestrate coronary artery development. Establishing adequate vascular supply will be an essential component of cardiac regenerative strategies, and these findings raise exciting new strategies for therapeutic cardiac revascularization.
Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: findings from thousand families cohort study
Authors: C. M Wright, L. Parker, D. Lamont, A. W Craft
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine whether being overweight in childhood increases adult obesity and risk of disease. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> City of Newcastle upon Tyne. <b>Participants:</b> 932 members of thousand families 1947 birth cohort, of whom 412 attended for clinical examination age 50. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Blood pressure; carotid artery intima-media thickness; fibrinogen concentration; total, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations; triglyceride concentration; fasting insulin and 2 hour glucose concentrations; body mass index; and percentage body fat. <b>Results:</b> Body mass index at age 9 years was significantly correlated with body mass index age 50 (<i>r</i>=0.24, P&lt;0.001) but not with percentage body fat age 50 (<i>r</i>=0.10, P=0.07). After adult body mass index had been adjusted for, body mass index at age 9 showed a significant inverse association with measures of lipid and glucose metabolism in both sexes and with blood pressure in women. However, after adjustment for adult percentage fat instead of body mass index, only the inverse associations with triglycerides (regression coefficient= −0.21, P&lt;0.01) and total cholesterol (−0.17, P&lt;0.05) in women remained significant. <b>Conclusions:</b> Little tracking from childhood overweight to adulthood obesity was found when using a measure of fatness that was independent of build. Only children who were obese at 13 showed an increased risk of obesity as adults. No excess adult health risk from childhood or teenage overweight was found. Being thin in childhood offered no protection against adult fatness, and the thinnest children tended to have the highest adult risk at every level of adult obesity. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Many studies have found that body mass index in childhood is significantly correlated with body mass index in adulthood Obese children have been found to have higher all cause mortality as adults <h3>What this study adds</h3> No excess health risk from childhood overweight was found Childhood body mass index was linked to adulthood body mass index but not percentage body fat Only children who were obese at 13 showed a significant increased risk of obesity as adults People who were thinnest as children and fattest as adults tended to have the highest adult risk