tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Metric System in a Nutshell
Authors: E. Wigglesworth
Journal: BMJ (1879)

patient's life, and at the same time helps the surgeon to a more conclu- sive diagnosis as to the tumour's nature and contents, the question of its removal by operation becomes imperative.In the case I have reported, such an operation had no chance of success; but I am satisfied that a free incision along the whole surface of the tumour, so as to allow each separate compartment to discharge its contents, would have greatly relieved the patient, and materially assisted Nature's process of cure.
Abstract 5149: Nucleostemin is a key factor in maintenance of human glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells
Authors: Marta L. Izquierdo, Jon Gil
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBM) may contain a variable proportion of active cancer stem cells (CSCs) capable of self-renewal, of aggregating into CD133+ neurospheres, of retaining their multi-lineage potential over time, and to develop intracranial tumors that phenocopy the original ones. We hypothesized that nucleostemin may contribute to cancer stem cell biology as these cells share characteristics with normal stem cells. We will report that nucleostemin is expressed in GBM-CSCs isolated from patient samples. The significance of its expression was addressed by targeting the corresponding mRNA using lentivirally transduced short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Knockdown of nucleostemin in GBM-CSC abolishes proliferation and induces apoptosis. Furthermore, GBM-CSCs with decreased nucleostemin levels failed to form neurospheres in vitro or tumors when xenotransplanted into the brains of immunocompromised rats. These findings suggest a central role of nucleostemin in regulating proliferation, self-renewal and survival of GBM-CSC, and targeting its expression may offer a new therapeutic approach for this incurable type of brain tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5149.
Scintigraphic Findings in a Case of Bilateral Urinomas and Ascites Secondary to Posterior Urethral Valves
Authors: Sami Boughattas, Habib Hassine, Kaouther Chatti, Nejla Salem, Habib Essabbah
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

The authors present the scintigraphic findings in a case of bilateral urinomas and ascites secondary to posterior urethral valves in a 9-day-old boy. There was progressive tracer accumulation in the urinomas and ascites with a distinct urine jet medially from the upper left kidney, which suggested direct urinary egress into the peritoneal cavity.
Abstract 4673: ARID1A expression and its relation with microsatellite instability and clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal and gastric cancers of Korean patients
Authors: Soo Young Lee, Duck-Woo Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Myong Hoon Ihn, Heung-Kwon Oh, Sung-Bum Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) is a subunit of the SWI-SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, which is considered to perform a tumor suppressor function. Somatic mutations of ARID1A were reported to be detected in about 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC), but loss of expression seems vary according to tissue type and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. So, we designed this study to identify the frequency of loss of ARID1A expression and its clinical relevance in CRC and gastric cancer (GC) of Korean patients. Immunohistochemistry for ARID1A was performed using tissue microarray blocks containing 197 CRCs and 275 SCs, and paired normal mucosa. Data on MSI status were available in 178 of 197 CRCs and 233 of 275 GCs. Clinicopathological data of the patients were collected and analyzed. We identified 12 (12/197, 6.1%) CRCs showing loss of ARID1A expression, all of which were microsatellite stable. In 178 CRCs with identified MSI status, 3 (1.7%) MSI-H and 6 (3.4%) MSI-L tumors showed normal expression of ARID1A, contrary to MSS tumors (ARID1A loss: 10/169, 5.9%). Among GCs, 8.0% (22/275) showed loss of ARID1A expression and 6.4% (15/233) were MSI-H. Tumors with loss of ARID1A expression accounted for 13.3% (2/13) of GCs with MSI-H whereas 5.0% (11/207) of GCs with MSS. However, there was no association between ARID1A expression and MSI status in both CRCs (p=0.754) and SCs (p=0.200). Expression of ARID1A in paired normal mucosal epithelial cells was normal in all patients. Clinicopathological factors were not associated with ARID1A expression in both cancers except that CRCs with loss of ARID1A expression showed less frequent lymphatic invasion than those with normal expression (25.0% vs. 69.0%, p=0.003). There was no association between ARID1A expression and 3-year disease-free survival or 5-year overall survival in both cancers. In this study population, loss of ARID1A expression was uncommon and not relevant to MSI-H tumors. Its clinical implication for the prognosis of CRC and GC patients seems to need further studies with more accumulated data. Citation Format: Soo Young Lee, Duck-Woo Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Myong Hoon Ihn, Heung-Kwon Oh, Sung-Bum Kang. ARID1A expression and its relation with microsatellite instability and clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal and gastric cancers of Korean patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4673. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4673
Emergency Respiratory Support Units
Authors: Joel J. Nobel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  We should like to call the attention of physicians to the widespread distribution of two dangerous emergency respiratory support units. In a comparative evaluation of ten manually powered emergency ventilation devices undertaken by us, it became apparent that the health community and the public are relying on emergency equipment which cannot fulfill its assumed and advertised function.  The Res-Q-Aire (Fig 1) consists of a green plastic semiflexible bellows with a mouthpiece. Its cycling rate is too low for emergency breathing and its mouthpiece and prescribed mode of operation tend to obstruct the airway. Engineering and clinical tests of the Res-Q-Aire demonstrate that it is ineffective. Approximately 40,000 Res-Q-Aire resuscitators have been sold in this country, many to physicians, rescue organizations, laymen, and swimming pool owners. The Food and Drug Administration has seized shipments of the Res-Q-Aire in many cities. Although test results demonstrate the Res-Q-Aire is totally
Senior Tory minister is asked to scrutinise Lansley's plans for NHS
Authors: N. Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Oliver Letwin, minister of state at the Cabinet Office, has been despatched to scrutinise the plans of Andrew Lansley, England’s health secretary, for the most radical shift of power and accountability in the NHS’s 62 year history, amid mounting concerns in the Treasury and No 10 Downing Street over their implementation.

Mr Letwin has been brought in after David Nicholson, the NHS chief executive, conceded at a recent hearing of the parliamentary select committee on health that primary care trusts are currently “in meltdown” as management costs are slashed and staff start to bail out ahead of the government’s plans to switch the commissioning of healthcare to consortiums of GPs.

More than 2000 staff members at primary care trusts have already taken a redundancy deal, Sir David …
Is It All Depression?
Authors: Christine Kuehner
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Genetic Effect of ERCC1 Codon 118 Polymorphism and Confounding Factors
Authors: Jeong Seon Ryu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

To the Editor: Viguier et al. (1) reported that the ERCC1 codon 118 polymorphism has a predictive value in colorectal cancer patients treated with platinum combination chemotherapy. However, there are contradictory reports on the effects of this polymorphism on the survival of cancer patients. Although Viguier et al. suggested that cancer patients carrying a variant genotype survived for a longer period, we found that the wild genotype favored a better survival (2). On the other hand, there are some reports showing no association between the ERCC1 codon 118 polymorphism and survival (3, 4). These inconsistencies make the prognostic or predictive relevance of this marker unsuitable for clinical practice. Similar observations were also reported for other polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene, such as C3435T and G2877T, where contradictory genetic effects were also noted.There is increasing evidence suggesting that environmental factors modulate the genetic effect of these polymorphisms. For example, a case-control study showed the presence of a gene-smoking interaction with the ERCC1 polymorphism (5). This interaction was also observed in our recent study (6). Prognostic significance was observed only in those patients with non–small cell lung cancer who were heavy smokers (≥50 pack-years; P = 0.03, using the log-rank test).The apparent conflicting information regarding the ERCC1 codon 118 polymorphism might be explained by the coexistence of major confounding factors, such as ethnicity, environmental factors (smoking or diet), the number of patients enrolled, or some linkage to other polymorphisms, which might mask the relatively minor gene effect associated with a single genetic polymorphism. Moreover, there was no direct or clear evidence for the functional significance of the ERCC1 codon 118 polymorphism.In addition to a functional study, further research will be needed to verify which confounding factors have the most significant results.In Response: Please find below our reply to the points that were raised by Dr. Ryu. We agree with Dr. Ryu's statements as far as lung cancer is concerned, but do not find them relevant to colorectal cancer for the following reasons:Throughout our article, we have been very cautious when discussing our data. Notably, we have never suggested that our results could directly be extrapolated to any other type of cancer, including lung cancer, or other platinum-based therapeutic agents, such as cisplatin.
Re: Montorsi F, Salonia A, Briganti A, Barbieri L, Zanni G, Surdi N, Cestari A, Montorsi P, Rigatti P. Vardenafil for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Critical Review of the Literature Based on Personal Clinical Experience. Eur Urol 2005;47:612–21
Authors: Giorgio Pomara, Girolamo Morelli
Journal: European Urology (2005)
The Outcome of Combined-Modality Therapy for Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly
Authors: Steven E. Schild, Philip J. Stella, Susan M. Geyer, James A. Bonner, William L. McGinnis, James A. Mailliard, Jeffery Brindle, Aminah Jatoi, James R. Jett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: The North Central Cancer Treatment Group performed a phase III trial to determine whether chemotherapy plus either bid radiation therapy (RT) or daily (qd) RT resulted in a better outcome for patients with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). No difference in survival was identified between the two arms. This secondary analysis was performed to examine the relationship between patient age and outcome. Patients and Methods: Two hundred forty-six patients were randomized to receive etoposide plus cisplatin and either RT qd or split-course RT bid. This retrospective study compared the outcomes of patients aged ≥70 years (“elderly patients”) with those of younger individuals. Of the 244 assessable patients, 63 (26%) were elderly, and 181 (74%) were younger individuals. Results: The 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 39% and 18%, respectively, in patients younger than 70 years, compared with 36% and 13%, respectively, in elderly patients (P = .4). Grade 4+ toxicity occurred in 62% of patients younger than 70 years compared with 81% of elderly patients (P = .007). Grade 4+ hematologic toxicity occurred in 56% of patients younger than 70 years, compared with 78% of elderly patients (P = .003). Grade 4+ pneumonitis occurred in 1% of those younger than 70 years, compared with 6% of elderly patients (P = .02). Conclusion: Toxicity, especially myelosuppression and pneumonitis, was more pronounced in the elderly patients receiving combined-modality therapy for locally advanced NSCLC. Despite increased toxicity, elderly patients have survival rates equivalent to younger individuals. Therefore, fit, elderly patients with locally advanced NSCLC should be encouraged to receive combined-modality therapy, preferably on clinical trials with cautious, judicious monitoring. Future studies should explore ways to decrease toxicity of therapy in elderly patients.
P204Correlation between carotid intima media morphology and the distribution of subendothelial foam cells in early stages of atherosclerosis: an animal model study in macaca nemestrina
Authors: C Chandradin, D Kusmana, D Sayuthi, E Sulistiawati, R Susworo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: This study was aimed to find correlation between the carotid intima media morphology and the distribution of subendothelial foam cells based on histopathological examination of pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Method: Eleven macaques were involved in the study; 10 of them were fed with atherogenic diet and 1 was treated as a control. The morphology of carotid intima media was observed by serial ultrasonography (USG). The morphology was categorized into 4 types based on its echogenicity, homogeneity, surface regularity/continuity and luminal protrusion, i.e. type 0, 1, 2a, 2b and type 3. Atherogenic diet was given for 24 months to produce the expected ultrasound morphology. The right and left carotid arteries were examined histopathologically with Verhoff-van Gieson staining (VVG). Each of right common carotid artery (RCCA) and left common carotid artery (LCCA) was divided into the proximal, middle and distal segment. A total of 54 segments obtained from 9 experimental animals had been used for validity and reliability test. Serial of longitudinal sections for each segment were produced and 10 samples were obtained randomly among them. Quantification of foam cells for each slide had been done by calculating 10 successive fields of view and by determining the average foam cells in each segment of the total 100 fields of view. Sensitivity and specificity was also determined. The last video recordings of carotid USG were evaluated by 2 independent observers. Results: The morphology of carotid intima media of type 0 were developed into type 1, type 2a, type 2b and type 3, which was observed simultaneously with different distribution of foam cells in subendothelial layer. The hyperechoic echogenicity and inhomogeneous homogeneity intima media morphology had a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 100% in detecting foam cells with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78. The reliability test performed by 2 observers had indicated a degree of agreement of 62.96% with the kappa value of 0.46. Conclusion: Staging of atherogenesis using ultrasound imaging can be done by assessing the morphology of the carotid intima media, which is associated with a different distribution of subendothelial foam cells as a modify histological classification of atherosclerosis.
Echocardiographic features of congenital left ventricular inflow obstruction.
Authors: M LaCorte, K Harada, R G Williams
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The echocardiographic features of congenital left ventricular inflow obstruction are described in six patients. The echocardiograms in two patients with cor triatriatum were distinguished by normal mitral valve motion and an abnormal echo within the left atrium. In two patients with supravalvar mitral ring, in addition to abnormal mitral valve motion, an abnormal echo, presumably originating from the obstructive membrane, was located between the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. In two cases of parachute mitral valve, mitral valve motion was abnormal. In one of these cases there were multiple mitral valve echoes similar to those found in supravalvar mitral ring. The echocardiographic identification of an obstructive membrane within the left atrium is difficult because of the occurrence of artifacts. However, membranes may be identified if careful scanning techniques are employed in patients in whom left ventricular inflow obstruction is suspected. The echocardiogram is useful in detecting mitral valve abnormalities in these patients and is valuable in cases where mitral valve replacement is contemplated.
High diagnostic value in rheumatoid arthritis of antibodies to the stratum corneum of rat oesophagus epithelium, so-called 'antikeratin antibodies'.
Authors: C Vincent, G Serre, F Lapeyre, B Fournié, C Ayrolles, A Fournié, J.P Soleilhavoup
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Serum antibodies to the stratum corneum of rat oesophagus epithelium, so-called 'antikeratin antibodies', have been largely demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IgM and IgG antibodies to this epithelium were studied by semiquantitative immunofluorescence in 528 patients with perfectly characterised rheumatic diseases, including 178 with classical or definite RA. Histological analysis of IgG antibodies showed that only antibodies which produce a linear laminated pattern restricted to the stratum corneum (IgG antikeratin antibodies) are highly specific for RA; all the other labelling patterns are not disease specific. By a semiquantitative evaluation of the stratum corneum fluorescence intensity it was shown that the diagnostic value of IgG antikeratin antibodies closely depends on their titre and it was established in objective conditions that the sensitivity is 43.26% when the specificity reaches 99.14%. A high titre of IgG antikeratin antibodies was actually pathognomonic for RA. Both the histological and semi-quantitative analyses showed that IgM antibodies to rat oesophagus epithelium, though frequently detected, are of no diagnostic value, either for RA or for any other rheumatic disease that was studied. From a review of all the international reports on IgG antikeratin antibodies it was found that, to date, 4080 patients, including 1694 with RA, have been assayed for antikeratin antibodies by 11 different research groups. Analysis of all the results obtained under comparable technical conditions showed that IgG antikeratin antibodies constitute the most specific serological criterion for the diagnosis of RA. Furthermore, it was found that their incidence does not depend on disease duration: they are present in one third of rheumatoid factor negative patients with RA, and they seem to be related to disease severity or activity, or both. Their detection in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases should become systematic.
Distribution of a major connective tissue protein, fibronectin, in normal human tissues.
Authors: S Stenman, A Vaheri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Fibronectin is a major surface-associated glycoprotein of cultured fibroblasts and it is also present in human plasma. Antiserum specific for human fibronectin was used to study the distribution of fibronectin in normal adult human tissues. The protein was detected (a) characteristically in various basement membranes including capillary walls: (b) around individual smooth muscle cells and in the sarcolemma of striated muscle fibers; and (c) in the stroma of lymphatic tissue and as thin fibers in loose connective tissue. The distribution of fibronectin was distinct from that of collagen and elastic fibers, but was very similar to reticulin, as demonstrated by conventional histological staining. The results indicate that fibronectin is a major component of connective tissue matrix. The distribution also indicates that most types of adherent cells abut fibronectin-containing structures. This supports the possible role of fibronectin in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in tissues.
Validation of the 2009 TNM Version in a Large Multi-Institutional Cohort of Patients Treated for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Are Further Improvements Needed?
Authors: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra, Alessandro Antonelli, Walter Artibani, Roberto Bertini, Marco Carini, Sergio Cosciani Cunico, Ciro Imbimbo, Nicola Longo, Guido Martignoni, Giuseppe Martorana, Andrea Minervini, Vincenzo Mirone, Francesco Montorsi, Roberto Schiavina, Claudio Simeone, Sergio Serni, Alchiede Simonato, Salvatore Siracusano, Alessandro Volpe, Giorgio Carmignani
Journal: European Urology (2010)
"TREATMENT OF BILHARZIASIS"
Authors: John Reguzis
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —In Queries and Minor Notes (The Journal, June 23, p. 1868), emetin was mentioned as a recent treatment for bilharziasis. I worked for five years with intravenous experiments against Bilharzia haematobia in the Greek Hospital at Cairo, Egypt, and in 1915-1916 I was first to inject emetin in the veins of infected patients. Since then my colleagues there have been using the injection freely with moderate success.  My experience shows that emetin or the new treatment with antimony and potassium tartrate is useful, but neither drug kills the parasite ( Distoma haematobium ) because we cannot use large enough doses. The fact remains that the parasite dies in about five years, if no reinfection takes place and if the patient lives under good hygienic conditions.
Articular cartilage defects of the knee: correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and gross pathology.
Authors: R.L Karvonen, W.G Negendank, S.M Fraser, M.D Mayes, T An, F Fernandez-Madrid
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee articular cartilage is possible owing to the contrast provided by different signal intensities of adjacent menisci and subchondral bone. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of MRI in quantitatively detecting thinning and focal defects of articular cartilage in vivo. High resolution MRI was performed followed by dissection of the knee within one hour of amputations above the knee of eight patients (62-89 years) with peripheral vascular disease. Articular cartilage was examined for erosions, surface irregularities, and appearance. Mean thicknesses of femoral and tibial articular cartilage sagittal sections from MRI were statistically indistinguishable from matched gross thicknesses. In those joints in which cartilage erosions, thinning, or irregularities were detected by MRI the same defects were apparent by gross examination. Cartilage that appeared normal by MRI had a normal gross appearance by gross examination. Thus high resolution MRI can accurately predict gross articular cartilage appearance and thickness, allowing an objective, quantitative, noninvasive assessment of eroded cartilage.