tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C Virus in Italian Drug Addicts
Authors: Bruno Guida
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1990Hepatitis C Virus in Italian Drug AddictsBruno Guida, MD, Augusta Torresin, MD, Nicola Piersantelli, MDBruno Guida, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Augusta Torresin, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Nicola Piersantelli, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-7-559 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Because of the high prevalence of parenterally acquired viral infections among Italian drug addicts and the availability of a diagnostic kit for hepatitis C virus (HCV) (enzyme immunoassay, Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Raritan, New Jersey) (1, 2), we did a retrospective study on the prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in 110 drug addicts with chronic hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (89 men, 21 women; age range, 19 to 48 years) followed lfrom 1985 to March 1990.The diagnosis of chronic hepatitis was established on the basis of alanine aminotransferase serum levels (a fourfold augmentation for...References1. ChooKuoWeinerOverbyBradleyHoughton QGALDM Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science. 1989;244:659-61. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KuoChooAlter GQH. An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science. 1989;244:362-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ColomboMannucciCarnelli MPV. Transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis by heat-treated factor VIII concentrates. Lancet. 1985;2:1-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WeinerKuoBradley AGD. Hepatitis C viral (HCV) sequence in the clinical samples from anti-HCV antibody positive and negative individuals with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Lancet. 1990; 1:1-3. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Galliera Hospital 16128 Genova Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySeroprevalence of hepatitis C markers among intravenous drug users in western European countries: a systematic reviewAutoantibodies in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with and without concurrent hepatitis C infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus infection and hepatitis C pathologyPrevalence of hepatitis C virus in family members of patients with Hepatitis CHepatobiliary complications in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection 1 October 1990Volume 113, Issue 7Page: 559-560KeywordsAddictsAlanine aminotransferaseChronic hepatitisEnzyme immunoassayHIVHIV infectionsHepatitis AHepatitis C virusRetrospective studies Issue Published: 1 October 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fertility agency is to investigate single embryo transfer
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The common practice in Britain during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment of implanting more than one embryo in women may be banned under new guidelines aimed at reducing the number of multiple births.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which regulates fertility treatment and cloning research, has announced that an expert group will study the experience in Europe of single embryo transfer.

The authority's chief executive, Angela McNab, in announcing the review in Manchester last week, said multiple births …
Abstract 1140: C/ebp beta represses <i>Arf</i> induction by tgf-beta2
Authors: Yanbin Zheng, Patricia Chu, Stephen X. Skapek
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Arf is a bona fide tumor suppressor that regulates cell proliferation through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Recent studies show that Arf also has physiological functions in addition to tumor repression. Our group reported that the Arf promoter is strictly controlled during development and Tgf-beta2 is required for Arf promoter activation at several sites in the developing mouse. In a cell culture-based model, Arf induction by Tgf-beta depends on Smads 2/3 and p38 MAPK. But the transcription factors influenced by these signaling pathways are not yet clear. Using a candidate-gene approach, we have identified C/ebp beta as a negative Arf regulator, modified by Tgf-beta 2. The ability of Tgf-beta2 to increase p19Arf expression in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and Arf promoter activity in Arf lacZ/lacZ MEFs correlated with repression of C/ebp beta. Pre-incubation of MEFs with SB431542, a Tgf-beta type I receptor inhibitor, blocked C/ebp beta repression and Arf induction. Retrovirus-mediated ectopic C/ebp beta blocked Arf induction by Tgf-beta2 in Arf lacZ/lacZ and wild-type MEFs. Similarly, RNAi-driven knock-down of C/ebp beta augmented Arf promoter activation by Tgf-beta2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that C/ebp beta binding to the Arf promoter after Arf promoter is initially activated by Tgf-beta2, and the binding dropped at 48 hours, when Arf expression was significantly induced. In summary, our results indicate that C/ebp beta is modified by and contributes to Arf regulation by Tgf-beta2. In contrast, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 did not influence C/ebp beta levels but still interfered with Arf induction. We are currently exploring the importance of C/ebp beta in Arf regulation by other signals and in other cell types, and investigating its importance in vivo in the developing mouse. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1140
Abstract 3170: Alternative NF-κB pathway activation enhanced by deficient TRAF3 in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancer
Authors: Jialing Zhang, Hui Cheng, Xinping Yang, Emine Guven Maiorov, Ozlem Keskin, Attila Gursoy, Ruth Nussinov, Zhong Chen, Carter Van Waes
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, and is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. The incidence of oropharyngeal SCC (OSCC) due to HPV is rising despite a decline in tobacco related HNSCC. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting HPV+ OSCC has not been clearly established. Recently, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC project revealed a higher frequency of homozygous and heterozygous deletions in chromosome 14q32.32 associated with lower expression of the TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) gene, unique to HPV+ tumors. Deleterious nonsense and frame shift mutations of TRAF3 are also exclusively observed in HPV+ HNSCC. Structural interactions of TRAF3 with other signaling molecules were modeled three dimensionally using the PRISM algorithm (PRotein Interactions by Structural Matching). The interactions revealed that these TRAF3 mutations abolished key inhibitory interactions at the interface between receptors and NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) in the alternative NF-κB pathway. Consistent with TCGA findings, we found varying TRAF3 expression in HPV+ HNSCC cell lines. Overexpression of TRAF3 in HPV+ cell lines suppressed the alternative NF-κB pathway and p52/p100 nuclear localization, and key target genes, while increasing expression of IFN genes implicated in anti-viral immunity. Further, overexpression of TRAF3 inhibited cell growth, colony formation, and migration, as well as sensitized cells to TNF-α and cisplatin induced cell death. Our data reveal that decreased TRAF3 promotes the malignant phenotype via alternative NF-κB signaling, and attenuates antiviral IFN expression, important in pathogenesis of HPV+ HNSCC. Supported by NIDCD intramural project ZIA-DC-000016, 73, 74 Citation Format: Jialing Zhang, Hui Cheng, Xinping Yang, Emine Guven Maiorov, Ozlem Keskin, Attila Gursoy, Ruth Nussinov, Zhong Chen, Carter Van Waes. Alternative NF-κB pathway activation enhanced by deficient TRAF3 in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3170. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3170
DNA aneuploidy in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: results of a comparative flow cytometric study.
Authors: R Porschen, U Robin, A Schumacher, S Schauseil, F Borchard, K J Hengels, G Strohmeyer
Journal: Gut (1992)

DNA ploidy and S-phase fractions were assessed by flow cytometry in colonic biopsy specimens from 28 patients with ulcerative colitis and 51 with Crohn9s disease. Whereas only diploid DNA histograms were found in Crohn9s disease and control subjects, three patients with ulcerative colitis exhibited DNA aneuploidy. In one case, aneuploidy was associated with low grade dysplasia. S-phase fractions were higher in ulcerative colitis (mean (SD) 17.8 (7.7)%) than in Crohn9s disease (13.1 (4.6)%) or control subjects (14.2 (4.6)%), but did not correlate with either disease activity or duration in any group. In this study, aneuploidy was associated exclusively with ulcerative colitis, even in the absence of dysplasia. In view of the epidemiological differences in malignant colonic transformation between ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease, this study suggests that flow cytometry may help to identify individuals with an increased cancer risk in ulcerative colitis.
Hemodynamic Shear Stress and Its Role in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Adel M. Malek
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations. In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4 dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.
Level and composition of fetal hemoglobin expression in normal newborn babies are not dependent on β cluster DNA haplotype
Authors: Jacques Rochette, Catherine Dodé, France Leturcq, Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Interindividual variations in the level and composition of fetal hemoglobin observed in 604 cord blood samples from normal white and nonwhite newborns, unlike those in adults, are not dependent on β gene cluster DNA haplotype. The data suggest that the mechanism(s) involved in the neonatal expression of Hb F is distinct from that at the adult stage.
In vivo imaging in mice reveals local cell dynamics and inflammation in obese adipose tissue
Authors: Satoshi Nishimura, Ichiro Manabe, Mika Nagasaki, Kinya Seo, Hiroshi Yamashita, Yumiko Hosoya, Mitsuru Ohsugi, Kazuyuki Tobe, Takashi Kadowaki, Ryozo Nagai, Seiryo Sugiura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

To assess physiological and pathophysiological events that involve dynamic interplay between multiple cell types, real-time, in vivo analysis is necessary. We developed a technique based on confocal laser microscopy that enabled us to analyze and compare the 3-dimensional structures, cellular dynamics, and vascular function within mouse lean and obese adipose tissue in vivo with high spatiotemporal resolution. We found increased leukocyte-EC-platelet interaction in the microcirculation of obese visceral adipose tissue in ob/ob and high-fat diet–induced obese mice. These changes were indicative of activation of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, a hallmark of inflammation. Local platelet activation in obese adipose tissue was indicated by increased P-selectin expression and formation of monocyte-platelet conjugates. We observed upregulated expression of adhesion molecules on macrophages and ECs in obese visceral adipose tissue, suggesting that interactions between these cells contribute to local activation of inflammatory processes. Furthermore, administration of anti–ICAM-1 antibody normalized the cell dynamics seen in obese visceral fat. This imaging technique to analyze the complex cellular interplay within obese adipose tissue allowed us to show that visceral adipose tissue obesity is an inflammatory disease. In addition, this technique may prove to be a valuable tool to evaluate potential therapeutic interventions.
Acute lower respiratory tract illness
Authors: M THOMAS
Journal: Thorax (2001)

The observational data presented by Macfarlane et al on the aetiology of acute lower respiratory tract illness in the community1 confirm that the often stated assertion that these illnesses are usually caused by viral infection is incorrect. The high prevalence of bacteriological and atypical pathogens and, in particular, the high prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in these patients is of interest and points to the need for further studies to clarify the clinical significance of these isolates. The lack of correlation between indirect evidence of infection (radiographic and CRP levels), GP assessment of the need for antibiotics, and pathogen isolation is also of great interest and …
A Cambodian Odyssey
Authors: E. Mains
Journal: BMJ (2011)

“If you die, nothing lost; if you live, nothing gained.” Haing Ngor was a survivor of the Khmer Rouge during their rise to control of Cambodia and the subsequent agrarian revolution. As a practising doctor at the time of the overthrow of Norodom Sihanouk, the paternalistic head of state, he became a target for the purges of the new regime, which sought to eradicate the vestiges of Western influence as a means to rebuild the country. Year zero saw the forced depopulation of the major cities, with mass movement into the countryside, where large sections of the population became war slaves working on futile and dangerous projects to reform the land.

When the capital, Phnom Penh, is over-run by the Khmer Rouge, Ngor is forced to abandon a patient …
CS-07 * mTORC2/Akt SIGNALING IS MODULATED BY NONCANONICAL MITOCHONDRIAL NOTCH-PINK1 INTERACTION IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA (GROUP III) TUMORIGENESIS
Authors: A. Feroze, K.-S. Lee, B. Alrfaei, S. Gholamin, T. Azad, S. Mitra, B. Lu, S. Cheshier
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

MYC-amplified medulloblastoma is a lethal pediatric tumor lacking effective treatment options. Targeting of mitochondrial activity through inhibition of a novel, noncanonical Notch/PINK1 signaling pathway was recently shown to attenuate the viability of human glioblastoma as performed by our laboratory (Lee KS et al., Genes and Development, 2013). As such, we set out to investigate the role of such the same pathway trafficking mechanisms in medulloblastoma (group III) tumorigenesis and its impact on mTORC2/Akt signaling. Our results suggest both Notch1 and Notch2 involvement in noncanonical mitochondrial Notch/PINK1 signaling in human MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. In vitro inhibition of this axis targets cell viability in a tumor-selective manner. In vivo replication of such trends in currently pending in established murine models. Such preclinical findings highlight the promise of an increased focus on mitochondrial-specific therapies in the development of novel agents for MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.
New therapeutic paradigm for patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Emmanuel A. Tsochatzis, Jaime Bosch, Andrew K. Burroughs
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Cirrhosis is a major health problem, being the 5th cause of death in the U.K. and 12th in the U.S., but 4th in the 45 to 54 age group. Until recently cirrhosis was considered a single and terminal disease stage, with an inevitably poor prognosis. However, it is now clear that 1-year mortality can range from 1% in early cirrhosis to 57% in decompensated disease. As the only treatment for advanced cirrhosis is liver transplantation, what is urgently needed is strategies to prevent transition to decompensated stages. The evidence we present in this review clearly demonstrates that management of patients with cirrhosis should change from an expectant algorithm that treats complications as they occur, to preventing the advent of all complications while in the compensated phase. This requires maintaining patients in an asymptomatic phase and not significantly affecting their quality of life with minimal impairment due to the therapies themselves. This could be achieved with lifestyle changes and combinations of already licensed and low-cost drugs, similar to the paradigm of treating risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The drugs are propranolol, simvastatin, norfloxacin, and warfarin, which in combination would cost £128/patient annually-equivalent to U.S. $196/year. This treatment strategy requires randomized controlled trials to establish improvements in outcomes. In the 21st century, cirrhosis should be regarded as a potentially treatable disease with currently available and inexpensive therapies.
A patient with a message: Unacknowledged depression
Authors: D C Owen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

It was not clear from the notes what the initial complaint had been, but the story was depressingly familiar. The patient, a man born in 1946, had undergone numerous investigations since 1992. Several conditions had been identified, which were mainly laboratory abnormalities. The patient was used to relating his diagnoses, which he was now doing to me, his locum general practitioner.

Firstly, there was the polycythemia, which after detailed investigation had been found to be “pseudopolycythemia.” The condition had settled when he stopped smoking, but he told me that he still needed to have regular checks. Then there was the hiatus hernia, which was no longer causing problems thanks to ranitidine. Thirdly, there was the hypertension, which had settled …
Reply to Tommaso Cai, Nicola Mondaini, Riccardo Bartoletti and Sandra Mazzoli's Letter to the Editor re: Paula M.J. Moonen, Judith M.J.E. Bakkers, Lambertus A.L.M. Kiemenay et al. Human Papilloma Virus DNA and p53 Mutation Analysis on Bladder Washes in Relation to Clinical Outcome of Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2007;52:464–9
Authors: Johannes Alfred Witjes
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Itraconazole therapy for nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis: Clinical and laboratory observations
Authors: Richard M. Tucker, David W. Denning, Eduardo G. Arathoon, Michael G. Rinaldi, David A. Stevens
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)

Itraconazole, a new oral triazole antifungal agent, was administered in 75 courses to patients with chronic coccidioidomycosis at dosages of 50 to 400 mg/day for a median duration of 10 months. Assessment of efficacy was made with a standardized scoring system. Responses were seen in 42 of 58 assessable courses (72%). Nonresponse occurred exclusively in patients who had failed previous therapy and was most common in pulmonary disease. Toxicity was minimal at the doses studied. Pharmacokinetic analysis of itraconazole in serum at steady state showed negligible circadian variation; differences in serum concentrations among patients were large. Clinical isolates of Coccidioides immitis showed uniform in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole. Itraconazole shows impressive activity in this series of patients with refractory coccidioidomycosis. Further evaluation of itraconazole in this and in other systemic mycoses is in order.
Evidence of very delayed clinical reactions to cow's milk in cow's milk‐intolerant patients
Authors: G. Montalto, N. Custro, A. Notarbartlo, A. Carroccio, F. Cavataio, D. D'amico, L. Alabrese, G. Iacono
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: In patients with cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI), delayed clinical reactions to cow's milk (CM) ingestion may be misdiagnosed if the clinical symptoms are not “classical” and there is a long time lapse between ingestion of CM and the clinical reaction. The aim was to evaluate the clinical outcome of CMPI in a cohort of CM‐intolerant children, with particular attention to the occurrence of clinical manifestations beyond 72 h after CM challenge. Methods: Eighty‐six consecutive patients (44 boys, 42 girls) with new CMPI diagnoses were enrolled; median age at diagnosis was 4 months. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 40 months. In all patients, CMPI diagnosis was made on the observation of symptoms, their disappearance after elimination diet, and their reappearance on double‐blind CM challenge. At CMPI diagnosis, immunologic tests to demonstrate IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity were performed. After 12 months of CM‐free diet, CM tolerance was re‐evaluated with a CM challenge continued at home for up to 30 days, according to a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled method. Patients who did not achieve CM tolerance continued a CM‐free diet and subsequently underwent yearly CM challenge. Results: The percentages of CMPI patients who became CM‐tolerant after 1, 2, and 3 years of CM‐free diet were 30%, 54.5%, and 70%, respectively. At the end of the follow‐up period, 26/86 subjects showed persistent CMPI; these patients had a higher percentage of positivity of total serum IgE ( P &lt;0.05), RAST ( P &lt;0.01), and cutaneous prick tests for CM antigens ( P &lt;0.001) than all the others. At CMPI diagnosis, all patients had a clinical reaction within 72 h from the beginning of the CM challenge; at the subsequent “cure” challenges, we observed patients who first reacted to CM more than 72 h after ingestion. In total, 10 out of 86 patients showed “very delayed reactions”; in these patients, the mean time between the beginning of CM challenge and the onset of a clinical symptom was 13.3 days (range 4–26 days). The number of “very late reactors” increased from the first to the third of the “cure” CM challenges, performed at yearly intervals. The “very delayed” CMPI manifestations in these subjects were constipation (five cases), wheezing (two cases), dermatitis plus constipation (two cases), and dermatitis alone (one case); in 6/10 patients, the symptoms observed at the “cure challenge” were different from those at CMPI onset. Conclusions: Very delayed clinical reactions to reintroduction of CM in the diet can occur in CMPI patients; thus, accurate follow‐up and frequent outpatient observation in patients with a long history of CMPI are probably more useful and safer than prolonged CM challenge.
On Freedom and Induction
Authors: J. Bastiaans
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

Traumatizing events and traumatizing conflicts may lead to defense mechanisms which in the course of time become part of character formation. In psychosomatic medicine much attention has been paid in the past to the so-called psychosomatic character profiles. Though discussions about psychosomatic specificity have remained controversial, it still seems advisable to take into account the power of induction of specific defense strategies. In this paper special attention is paid to the fact that asthmatics, patients suffering from hypertension or coronary heart disease, as well as patients suffering from other psychosomatic syndromes, and even patients suffering from carcinoma may induce their own defense strategies in interviewers and therapists, who usually are not sufficiently aware of the fact of such transference phenomena. A distortion of the normal psychotherapeutic process is more often a result of induction processes than has been thought of.