tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Climatic Influence in Phthisis.
Authors: Henry B. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1889)

remember how many times we are called to per- form intubation because the patients are too far gone for tracheotomy, too young, or because the cases are of a too malignant nature to sanction a cutting operation.It must be remembered that nine-tenths of all these cases are in consultation with other doctors, and we are called only as a last resort when all other measures have failed, and when it is evident that death must soon en- sue.Many of these cases are moribund, uncon¬ scious and well nigh hopeless, others are young, and others again of a malignant nature, so that the favorable cases are few and far between ; and yet it is said that the operation is performed early.Such a statement is a reflection not only upon the operator but upon the attending physicians as well.To illustrate the condition of many of these patients, allow me to mention a few cases, November 27.-I was called by Dr. O'Malley to see a little girl of 7 years suffering from semi- malignant diphtheria ; nasal, pharyngeal and laryngeal.The parents at first objected to the operation, and emetics were repeatedly given in addition to other medication ; these failing to give relief, and it being perfectly evident to the parents that the child was surely strangling, con¬ sent was given.The doctor acknowledged that the case was too unfavorable for tracheotomy.The child wore the tube four days and recovered completely.November 30.-I was called by Drs.Steele and Jacques to perform the operation upon a baby 18 months old, " too young for tracheotomy."Pa¬ tient recovered.December 3.-I was called by Dr. G. W. Web¬ ster to operate upon a little girl 4 years old, with semi-malignant diphtheria with invasion of the larynx.The patient was surely dying and "too unfavorable for tracheotomy.' ' The child wore the tube five days and recovered.January 1.-I was called by Dr. Jacques.Pa¬ tient 8 years old, moribund, unconscious, limp, and pulseless at the wrist.The tube was intro¬ duced without resistance and artificial respiration performed.The patient revived and fully re¬ covered.The doctor stated the child would have been dead in ten minutes.January 5.-Through the courtesy of Dr. A. L-Thomas, I was called to operate upon a baby 18 months old and moribund, "too young and too unfavorable for tracheotomy."Patient re¬ vived, returned to consciousness, but died two days later.January 10.-Through the courtesy of Dr. Parsons, operated upon a baby 17 months old ; moribund at the time of operating.Patient died twelve hours later.January 18.-Through the courtesy of Dr, Miller, operated upon a baby fifteen months old, ' ' too young for tracheotomy.' ' Patient recovered.March 12.-I was called by Dr. Kippax to op¬ erate upon a boy 7 years old, Drs.Guerin and Jacques being present.The patient was un¬ conscious, comatose and actually dying, but re¬ vived and fully recovered.
Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Manual for Medical Students, Residents, and Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Barry Z. Izenstein
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Dr O. Charles Olson has written a clear and concise manual on the care of the diabetic patient. Based on more than 30 years of clinical experience, he has compiled a soft-cover book of 35 chapters totaling 275 pages. It is written for medical students, house officers, primary care physicians, and, I would add, could be very useful to interested nurses, allied health professionals, and well-informed patients.  The initial section clearly reviews the newer classification of diabetes. This is followed by an exceptionally helpful chapter on diagnosis, including criteria for diagnosis, preparation and timing of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), when not to do an OGTT, and nondiabetic causes of abnormal OGTT results. Chapters 3 through 9 deal with the day-to-day management of the type I and II diabetic. Dietary management is covered in a cookbook fashion, and an interesting page on the use of dietary fiber is presented.
Mapping Climate Change Vulnerabilities to Infectious Diseases in Europe
Authors: Jan C. Semenza, Jonathan E. Suk, Virginia Estevez, Kristie L. Ebi, Elisabet Lindgren
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The incidence, outbreak frequency, and distribution of many infectious diseases are generally expected to change as a consequence of climate change, yet there is limited regional information available to guide decision making.We surveyed government officials designated as Competent Bodies for Scientific Advice concerning infectious diseases to examine the degree to which they are concerned about potential effects of climate change on infectious diseases, as well as their perceptions of institutional capacities in their respective countries.In 2007 and 2009/2010, national infectious disease experts from 30 European Economic Area countries were surveyed about recent and projected infectious disease patterns in relation to climate change in their countries and the national capacity to cope with them.A large majority of respondents agreed that climate change would affect vector-borne (86% of country representatives), food-borne (70%), water-borne (68%), and rodent-borne (68%) diseases in their countries. In addition, most indicated that institutional improvements are needed for ongoing surveillance programs (83%), collaboration with the veterinary sector (69%), management of animal disease outbreaks (66%), national monitoring and control of climate-sensitive infectious diseases (64%), health services during an infectious disease outbreak (61%), and diagnostic support during an epidemic (54%).Expert responses were generally consistent with the peer-reviewed literature regarding the relationship between climate change and vector- and water-borne diseases, but were less so for food-borne diseases. Shortcomings in institutional capacity to manage climate change vulnerability, identified in this assessment, should be addressed in impact, vulnerability, and adaptation assessments.
Prognostic value of myocardial perfusion SPECT comparing 17-segment and 20-segment scoring systems
Authors: Daniel S. Berman, Xingping Kang, Aiden Abidov, Ishac Cohen, Sean W. Hayes, John D. Friedman, Maria Sciammarella, Guido Germano, Fatma Aboul-Enein, Rory Hachamovitch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
New drug for type 2 diabetes is no better than older, cheaper treatments, says institute
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The agency responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of drugs in Germany has for a second time concluded that linagliptin, a new drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, offers no added benefit over older, less expensive treatments already on the market.1

The agency, the Institut fur Qualitat und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Healthcare), widely known as IQWIG, is evaluating linagliptin as part of a complex process to determine the reimbursement price paid by Germany’s public health insurance system to drug companies to cover the cost of treatment with the drug.

Linagliptin was approved …
Unitary or multiple pathways: The trap of radical behaviorism
Authors: Tobias Banaschewski, Sunke Himpel, Aribert Rothenberger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

early and automatic neuropsychological processes may be influenced by altered dopaminergic functions but cannot be fully explained by these or by altered reinforcement and extinction processes. the reinforcement-extinction model is excellent for understanding certain causal pathways of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd), but it can hardly explain the heterogeneous developmental trajectories of adhd fully. it should be integrated into a multiple pathways model.
Transoesophageal Doppler assessment of severity of left coronary artery stenosis based on the continuity equation. A quantitative coronary angiography validation study
Authors: Karl Isaaz, Antoine Da Costa, Alexis Cerisier, Jean P. De Pasquale, Christophe Venet, Jean M. Guy, Bernard Duranton, Michel Lamaud
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Angiodysplasia and Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: MICHAEL O. BLACKSTONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1985Angiodysplasia and Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Chronic Renal FailureMICHAEL O. BLACKSTONE, M.D.MICHAEL O. BLACKSTONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-805_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The finding by Zuckerman and associates (1) of angiodysplasia as a cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 24% of patients with chronic renal failure and in 7% of their study group overall is unprecedented. In other series of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the prevalence has been about 1.5% (2) or less, as was true in a large survey of consecutive examinations performed by members of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) in which it was only 0.5% in 2225 patients (3).Although gastric and duodenal angiodysplasia has been reported by others (4) as an...References1. ZUCKERMAN G, CORNETTE G, CLOUSE R, and HARTER H. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic renal failure. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:588-92. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FARUP P, ROSSELAND A, STRAY N, VALNES K, and RAND A. Localized telangiopathy of the stomach and duodenum diagnosed and treated endoscopically: case reports and review. Endoscopy. 1981;13:1-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SILVERSTEIN F, GILBERT D, TEDESCO F, BUENGER N, and PERSING J. The national ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding: II. Clinical prognostic factors. Gastrointest Endosc. 1981;27:80-93. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DAVE P, ROMEU J, ANTONELLI A, and EISER A. Gastrointestinal telangiectasias: a source of bleeding in patients receiving hemodialysis. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:1781-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BOYLE J and JOHNSTON B. Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with chronic renal disease. Am J Med. 1983;75:409-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL O. BLACKSTONE, M.D.Affiliations: The University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRecurrent gastrointestinal bleeding associated with myelofibrosis and diffuse intestinal telangiectasias 1 November 1985Volume 103, Issue 5Page: 805-805KeywordsEndoscopyHemorrhageRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Selective Impairment of Vagally Mediated, Nitric Oxide–Dependent Coronary Vasodilation in Conscious Dogs After Pacing-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Gong Zhao, Weiqun Shen, Xiaobin Xu, Manuel Ochoa, Robert Bernstein, Thomas H. Hintze
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Activation in conscious dogs of the carotid chemoreflex or cardiac receptors results in coronary vasodilation that is mediated by a vagal cholinergic mechanism. Our previous study showed that the coronary vasodilation following activation of carotid chemoreflex is also mediated by nitric oxide (NO). In addition, NO production is depressed after the development of heart failure. Therefore, we hypothesized that the coronary vasodilation after activation of reflexes that elicit efferent vagal coronary vasodilation would be blunted in conscious dogs after pacing-induced heart failure due to the disappearance of NO. Methods and Results Mongrel dogs were chronically instrumented using sterile techniques for measurements of systemic hemodynamics and left circumflex coronary blood flow (CBF). Without the heart rate controlled, intra-atrial injection of veratrine (4 μg/kg) caused bradycardia (−36±3 beats per minute). With the heart rate controlled, veratrine increased CBF in a dose-dependent manner: for example, 4 μg/kg of veratrine increased CBF by 54±5% from 38±4.9 mL/min ( P &lt;.05). The increases in CBF induced by veratrine were markedly blunted by nitro- l -arginine (NLA). Activation of carotid chemoreflex by nicotine increased CBF by 121±9% from 32±4 mL/min ( P &lt;.05) with the heart rate controlled and caused bradycardia (−32±5 beats per minute) without the heart rate controlled. After the development of heart failure, in response to activation of carotid chemoreflex or cardiac receptors the coronary vasodilation was almost abolished (CBF increased by only 23±8% or 11±3%, P &lt;.05 compared with control). There still was a marked bradycardia after injections of nicotine or veratrine (−50±11 or −48±7 beats per minute). Conclusions Our results indicate that vagally mediated coronary vasodilation is selectively attenuated in conscious dogs after pacing-induced heart failure, whereas the vagally mediated bradycardia is preserved. Since muscarinic receptor–induced coronary vasodilation is mediated by NO, the disappearance of NO from blood vessels leads to a defect in the integrated neural regulation of coronary blood flow and myocardial function during heart failure.
Behavior and Stress
Authors: Myron H. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The juxtaposition of the letters entitled "Type A or B Behavior?" and "Psychiatric Disorders and Criminality" (228:1369, 1974) prompts me to comment on the statistics that were included. We know that type A behavior does have a significant effect on morbidity and mortality, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease. Our group has determined that this is also behavior which is effected by the overuse of alcohol and secondarily by certain demographic characteristics related to family life. Divorce, for example, is higher in a type A individual who has the additional problem of alcohol excess. Our very select sample is management for executive persons who have come to psychiatric referral. The interesting thing is that the statistics compiled by Drs. Paull and Malek parallel our own, except that their population is of a lower socioeconomic level. The significant factor seems to be that even in an upper-class managerial
Childhood leukaemia and poliomyelitis in relation to military encampments in England and Wales in the period of national military service, 1950-63.
Authors: L J Kinlen, C Hudson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if any excess of childhood leukaemia was associated with the large and increasing numbers of national military servicemen in 1949 and 1950, particularly in rural districts. This would be a further test of the hypothesis that childhood leukaemia can originate in an infection, the transmission of which is facilitated by an increased number of unaccustomed contacts in the community. DESIGN--Rural and urban districts, aggregated by county, were ranked by proportion of servicemen, and five groups containing similar numbers of children were created. In addition, individual local authority districts were ranked and grouped in tenths. Mortality from childhood leukaemia 1950-3 was examined in these groups. Data on infectious diseases were also examined, as well as data on leukaemia in later periods. SETTING--England and Wales. SUBJECTS--Children aged under 15 years. RESULTS--In 1950-3 but not subsequently a significant excess of leukaemia in children under 15 was found in the fifth of county groupings with the highest proportions of servicemen. This was due mainly to a significant excess in children under 2 years (and especially in those under 1 year) in rural districts. It was confirmed among the tenth of local authority districts with the highest proportion of servicemen. These rural areas showed significantly more notifications of, and deaths from, poliomyelitis among children than the rural average. CONCLUSIONS--The findings support the infection hypothesis. That the excess of leukaemia was greatest in children under 1 year suggests transmission of infection among adults and thence to the fetus. The pattern of spread of poliomyelitis may also have been influenced by the presence of large numbers of servicemen.
Leukemia Propagating Cells Rebuild an Evolving Niche in Response to Therapy
Authors: Cai-Wen Duan, Jun Shi, Jing Chen, Bo Wang, Ye-Hua Yu, Xia Qin, Xiang-Cheng Zhou, Yi-Jun Cai, Zuo-Qing Li, Fang Zhang, Min-Zhi Yin, Ying Tao, Jian-Qing Mi, Lin-Heng Li, Tariq Enver, Guo-Qiang Chen, Deng-Li Hong
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Loperamide to Diagnose Cushing's Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Jack A. Yanovski
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —We have no personal experience with the loperamide test for the differential diagnosis of hypercortisolism described by Ambrosi and colleagues. 1 Their recent article describes 58 patients in whom the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome was entertained, 17 of whom had documented Cushing's syndrome. Ambrosi et al found the loperamide test equivalent to the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test in discriminating Cushing's syndrome from others. However, no information is given in this article regarding these patients' basal biochemical data. Thus, it is not clear that the patients who were excluded from the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome had significant hypercortisolism. The patients with pseudo-Cushing's states described in our recent article 2 were all selected for having urine-free cortisol excretion outside the normal range and for their failure to suppress cortisol following the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone test. Thus, it is unknown whether the loperamide test is of equal value for these
Loading Manipulations Improve the Prognostic Value of Doppler Evaluation of Mitral Flow in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Massimo Pozzoli, Egidio Traversi, Giovanni Cioffi, Rachel Stenner, Maurizio Sanarico, Luigi Tavazzi
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Mitral flow velocity patterns (MFVPs) evaluated by Doppler echocardiography are strong predictors of survival in various cardiac diseases. However, MFVPs may change over time according to loading conditions. We performed this prospective study to assess whether changes in MFVP induced by loading manipulations provided additional prognostic information in 173 patients with chronic heart failure.Simultaneous Doppler echocardiographic and right-sided hemodynamic recordings were obtained at baseline in all patients, during nitroprusside infusion in the 98 patients who had a baseline restrictive (early-to-late flow velocity ratio > 1 and deceleration time < or = 130 ms) MFVP, and during passive leg lifting in the 75 patients who had a baseline nonrestrictive MFVP. Patients were categorized, according to changes in MFVP, into four groups: 61 patients with an irreversible restrictive, 37 with a reversible restrictive, 48 patients with a stable nonrestrictive, and 27 patients with an unstable nonrestrictive MFVP. Fifty patients experienced major cardiac events. Cox analysis revealed that MFVP was a strong predictor of events and that the response to loading manipulations improved its prognostic value. Patients with an irreversible restrictive MFVP had a higher event rate (51%) than patients with a reversible restrictive MFVP (19%). Among patients with a baseline nonrestrictive MFVP, those with a stable nonrestrictive MFVP had the lowest event rate (6%), whereas the event rate was 33% in patients with an unstable nonrestrictive MFVP.In patients with chronic heart failure, MFVPs provide independent prognostic information. Their prognostic value can be further increased by assessment of the changes induced in them by loading manipulations.
Early Versus Delayed Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer: New Fuel for an Old Debate
Authors: Charles J. Ryan, Eric J. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent increase in data supporting the use of androgen ablation early in the clinical course for patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. We systematically reviewed recent publications that report on the use of androgen deprivation (AD) in nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients from the 2003 and 2004 proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the 2003 and 2004 proceedings of the American Urological Association as well as published literature from 2003 to 2005. Five recently published mature randomized trials of AD plus local therapy were evaluated plus two large data sets on the use of AD for patients with serologic relapse after local therapy. Four mature randomized studies demonstrate an overall survival benefit to the use of AD in conjunction with definitive local therapy (three with radiation and one with surgery). One retrospective analysis suggests that AD administered early after serologic progression improves overall survival, and one retrospective analysis shows a reduction in metastasis-free survival but has not yet shown an overall survival benefit. For patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer with high-risk features, as well as those for serologic relapse, the use of AD before the development of metastatic disease is supported by long-term outcomes from a series of clinical trials. Consideration of AD is therefore warranted early in the clinical course of high-risk patients.
Action of secretin on pancreatic enzyme secretion in man. Studies on pure pancreatic juice.
Authors: L Gullo, P Priori, P L Costa, G Mattioli, G Labo
Journal: Gut (1984)

The action of pure, natural secretin on the pancreatic secretion of enzymes was investigated in six patients with external transduodenal drainage of the main pancreatic duct performed after biliary tract surgery. Secretin infused for five successive 50 minute periods at increasing doses of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 and 2.7 clinical units (CU)/kg/h, produce a dose dependent increase in protein and lipase output. A weak but significant (p less than 0.02) increase of enzyme output above the fasting level was already observed with the lowest dose. The maximal output of protein and lipase, observed with the highest dose of secretin infused, corresponded to about 50% of that induced by maximal doses of cerulein (100 ng/kg/h) plus secretin (1 CU/kg/h). As far as bicarbonate is concerned, the lowest dose of secretin (0.03 CU/kg/h) significantly (p less than 0.001) stimulated bicarbonate output. The dose of 0.9 CU/kg/h of secretin evoked a bicarbonate output of 526 +/- 49 micromol/min; trebling the dose of secretin did not significantly increase the output of bicarbonate above this value. Increasing doses of secretin induced a dose related increase in calcium output. There was a close parallel between calcium and protein outputs, suggesting that the increase in calcium output reflected primarily an increase in the enzyme-associated fraction of pancreatic juice calcium. It is concluded that secretin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion in man probably by a direct action on the acinar cells.
Much More Ado About Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Barry Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Szasz has once again attained a forum by attacking psychiatry. His "Special Contribution" demonstrated his well-known prejudices more clearly than usual. As an example of his non sequitur arguments, he attacks those on the panel with him for smoking (while he had a sore throat) and for not discussing nicotinism as a mental illness, as he precipitately requested from them. They apparently (and understandably, considering they did not know that Dr. Szasz would have a sore throat) did not come prepared to discuss the psychiatric intricacies of nicotine use or abuse. Szasz, however, generalizes from this lack of preparation that "psychiatrists thus speak of `alcoholism'... as a mental illness... but do not speak of `nicotinism' and do not regard it as a disease." The reason for this, in Szasz's view, is that "psychiatrists disapprove of alcoholism but approve of—and indeed encourage... nicotinism." This unsupported logic leads