tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelium-dependent relaxation and hyperpolarization in aorta from control and renal hypertensive rats.
Authors: J Van de Voorde, B Vanheel, I Leusen
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Endothelium-dependent relaxations are depressed in hypertension. In this study we investigated the possible involvement of endothelium-dependent smooth muscle hyperpolarization in this phenomenon. In isolated aortic segments from control rats, acetylcholine (10(-8)-10(-5) M) elicits relaxations after precontraction with norepinephrine (10(-7) M), and acetylcholine or carbachol (10(-5) M) induce smooth muscle hyperpolarization (10.6 +/- 0.9 mV). Both effects disappear after removal of the endothelium and are depressed by tetraethylammonium (3 x 10(-3) M), a rather nonspecific blocker of K+ channels, but not by glibenclamide (10(-5) M), a potent blocker of the ATP-regulated K+ channels, which has a marked effect on the relaxation induced by BRL 38227. The relaxation effect of acetylcholine is impaired in norepinephrine-contracted preparations from hypertensive rats but is not further depressed by tetraethylammonium. In aorta from hypertensive rats, hyperpolarization induced by carbachol was significantly reduced to a mean of only 21.8% of the values obtained in preparations from normotensive rats. From the relaxation-hyperpolarization relation obtained with BRL 38227 (opening K+ channels), it is derived that the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (approximately 10 mV) contributes for at least 20-30% of the maximal relaxation effect of acetylcholine on rat aorta. It is concluded that the diminished endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization may contribute to the depression of the endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypertension.
Photoselective Vaporisation of the Prostate Using 80-W and 120-W Laser Versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis from 2002 to 2012
Authors: Isaac A. Thangasamy, Venu Chalasani, Alexander Bachmann, Henry H. Woo
Journal: European Urology (2012)
THE COMPARATIVE MERITS OF VARIOUS COMPLEMENTS AND AMBOCEPTORS IN THE SERUM DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi, J. Bronfenbrenner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

1. The maximum activity of an antihuman hemolytic amboceptor may be obtained by employing the homologous or heterologous complement, according to the variable relations existing between the species furnishing the amboceptor and the one supplying the complement. Thus, some amboceptors are best reactivated by the complement of the same species, while others may act most strongly when reactivated with the complements of certain suitable heterologous species. 2. From the above it is clear that the complementary activity of a given serum may be very variable according to the varieties of amboceptors employed. In expressing the complementary activity of a serum, the species of the host of the amboceptor must always be stated. Thus, one serum may have many different complementary titers according to the amboceptors used. A similar variation in the titers of the amboceptors occurs when a variety of complements are employed. 3. Certain species of animals (pig and sheep) yield sera which are comparatively poor in reactivating most varieties of antihuman amboceptors. The complements of these species deteriorate rapidly. 4. The serum of chicken contained but little complement for the amboceptors derived from the mammalia, while the amboceptor from the chicken was only poorly, or not at all, reactivable by the complements contained in the mammalian sera. The serum of pig was the only variety which reactivated this amboceptor in a fair degree. 5. For the fixation tests guinea pig complement is the most favorable. This complement is also the most active and durable of those which have been studied. The complements of pig and sheep are quite fixable, but their weakness and rapid deterioration render them unsuitable for fixation purposes. Rabbit complement is quite active but is not easily fixable. Goat complement is, as already stated, difficult to fix, in spite of its strong complementary activity. The other complements are unsuitable because of their feeble complementary activity. 6. For fixation tests the antihuman amboceptors produced in the rabbit and guinea pig are suitable. They are, moreover, very active and do not cause the phenomenon of non-fixation. The amboceptors from other animals are unsuitable, as we cannot find a complement which strongly reactivates them. The amboceptor from the goat is unsuitable because of the danger of masking the fixation phenomenon by subsequent hemolysis. 7. In summing up, we arrive at the conclusion that the rabbit is the best animal for producing antihuman amboceptor, and the guinea pig for supplying complement. The guinea pig produces a good amboceptor, but its small size renders it second in choice. So far, no other animals have been found useful for the fixation experiments.
The force-interval relationship of the left ventricle.
Authors: P A Anderson, A Manring, G A Serwer, D W Benson, S B Edwards, B E Armstrong, R J Sterba, R D Floyd
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We have carried out a quantitative analysis of the force-interval relationship of the human left ventricle and compared it to previous studies done in both intact subjects as well as isolated muscle. The characteristics of the force-interval relationship of the normal patient resembed those of normal isolated mammalian muscle (except when exposed to high levels of catecholamines). The relationship in group 2 (patients with increased left ventricular dimensions and normal pressure indices) resembled those obtained from isolated muscles from hypertrophied hearts. The relationship from group 3 (patients with increased left ventricular EDDs and depressed pressure indices, two of whom were in clinical heart failure) resumbled those induced in normal muscles exposed to high levels of catecholamines, and those obtained from experimentally induced heart failure. The force-interval relationships of the four patients who fell into the third group were strikingly different from the other groups. This suggests that the force-interval relationship may be useful to describe changes in the inotropic state of the patient's heart.
Establishment of Blood Glucose Monitoring System Using the Internet
Authors: Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Hee-Soo Kim, Bok-Re Song, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Lee, Sung-Rae Kim, Sang-Ah Chang, Hee-Seung Kim, Bong-Yun Cha, Kwang-Woo Lee, Ho-Young Son, Jin-Hee Lee, Won-Chul Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The Internet is used worldwide as a communication tool. To improve the quality of diabetes control, we investigated the effectiveness of an Internet-based blood glucose monitoring system (IBGMS) on controlling the changes in HbA1c levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a randomized clinical trial involving 110 patients who visited the outpatient clinic at the Kangnam St. Mary’s Hospital for 3 months. The study subjects were treated with IBGMS for 12 weeks, and the control group received the usual outpatient management over the same period. HbA1c and other laboratory tests were performed twice, once at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study. RESULTS—The test results from the beginning of the study established that there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI, blood pressure, HbA1c, and other laboratory data. On follow-up examination 12 weeks later, HbA1c levels were significantly decreased from 7.59 to 6.94% within the intervention group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). At the end of the study, HbA1c levels in the intervention group were significantly lower than in the control group after adjusting the baseline HbA1c (6.94 vs. 7.62%; P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). Among patients with baseline HbA1c &amp;lt;7.0%, the patients in the intervention group had lower HbA1c than those in the control group (6.38 vs. 6.99%; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Among the patients with a baseline HbA1c ≥7.0%, the difference between the two groups appeared more obvious: HbA1c levels at the end of the study were 8.12%. CONCLUSIONS—This new IBGMS resulted in a significant reduction of HbA1c during the study period. We propose that this IBGMS be used as a method for improving diabetes control.
Prediction and Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Circulation (2006)

lthough anthracyclines are highly effective at treating certain cancers, their use is limited by the potential for cardiotoxicity.Studies report a wide range of the incidence of cardiotoxicity, related to differences in definitions, chemotherapy regimens, and patient populations.The occurrence of clinical heart failure seems to be in the range of 1% to 5%, and asymptomatic decrease in left ventricular function is in the range of 5% to 20%. 1,2Toxicity can occur early (within 1 year) or late (particularly among children, where late cardiac abnormalities are detectable in two thirds of surviving patients). 3The occurrence of cardiomyopathy is related to cumulative dose of anthracycline (especially doxorubicin doses Ͼ550 mg/m 2 ), dosing schedule, age, gender, mediastinal irradiation, and combination with other agents, including trastuzumab. 4Other chemotherapy, including imatinib mesylate, 5 can also cause cardiotoxicity, suggesting a broader potential for adverse cardiac effects from novel chemotherapy and, especially, from inhibitors of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases.Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy seems to have a similar impact on survival as other forms of heart failure. 6Thus, identification of individuals at risk, prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment are all important goals.Most of these needs have been addressed by uncontrolled or small studies, and guidelines have relatively sparse information on which to base recommendations for care, other than careful monitoring of left ventricular function and interrupting or discontinuing anthracyclines once significant decrease in ejection fraction is detected, which is often too late.
Forward and inverse electrocardiographic calculations using resistor network models of the human torso.
Authors: S J Walker, D Kilpatrick
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

An automated method of modelling the electrical properties of the human thorax from horizontal section data such as computerized tomographic scans has been used to develop both forward and inverse transformations between epicardial and body surface potential distributions. Eleven torso models with varying geometry and organ configurations have been studied. For the forward calculations, a standard dipole-like source is placed along the axis of the heart. Inverse calculations are performed using a measured body surface potential distribution and are based on a division of the surface of the heart into 25 source regions, producing epicardial potentials on these regions. A regularization method is used to stabilize the inverse solutions. Both forward and inverse solutions show substantial differences between models. These findings imply that matching models with patient geometry may be necessary in order to use such solutions in a clinical setting.
Induction and Regulation of T-Cell Immunity by the Novel Tuberculosis Vaccine M72/AS01 in South African Adults
Authors: Cheryl L. Day, Michele Tameris, Nazma Mansoor, Michele van Rooyen, Marwou de Kock, Hennie Geldenhuys, Mzwandile Erasmus, Lebohang Makhethe, E. Jane Hughes, Sebastian Gelderbloem, Anne Bollaerts, Patricia Bourguignon, Joe Cohen, Marie-Ange Demoitié, Pascal Mettens, Philippe Moris, Jerald C. Sadoff, Anthony Hawkridge, Gregory D. Hussey, Hassan Mahomed, Opokua Ofori-Anyinam, Willem A. Hanekom
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, thus there is an urgent need for novel TB vaccines.We investigated a novel TB vaccine candidate, M72/AS01, in a phase IIa trial of bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated, HIV-uninfected, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected and -uninfected adults in South Africa.Two doses of M72/AS01 were administered to healthy adults, with and without latent Mtb infection. Participants were monitored for 7 months after the first dose; cytokine production profiles, cell cycling, and regulatory phenotypes of vaccine-induced T cells were measured by flow cytometry.The vaccine had a clinically acceptable safety profile, and induced robust, long-lived M72-specific T-cell and antibody responses. M72-specific CD4 T cells produced multiple combinations of Th1 cytokines. Analysis of T-cell Ki67 expression showed that most vaccination-induced T cells did not express Th1 cytokines or IL-17; these cytokine-negative Ki67(+) T cells included subsets of CD4 T cells with regulatory phenotypes. PD-1, a negative regulator of activated T cells, was transiently expressed on M72-specific CD4 T cells after vaccination. Specific T-cell subsets were present at significantly higher frequencies after vaccination of Mtb-infected versus -uninfected participants.M72/AS01 is clinically well tolerated in Mtb-infected and -uninfected adults, induces high frequencies of multifunctional T cells, and boosts distinct T-cell responses primed by natural Mtb infection. Moreover, these results provide important novel insights into how this immunity may be appropriately regulated after novel TB vaccination of Mtb-infected and -uninfected individuals.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00600782).
Rational Drug Redesign to Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapy: Imatinib Moving Target
Authors: Ariel Fernández, Angela Sanguino, Zhenghong Peng, Alejandro Crespo, Eylem Ozturk, Xi Zhang, Shimei Wang, William Bornmann, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Protein kinases are central targets for drug-based cancer treatment. To avoid functional impairment, the cell develops mechanisms of drug resistance, primarily based on adaptive mutations. Redesigning a drug to target a drug-resistant mutant kinase constitutes a therapeutic challenge. We approach the problem by redesigning the anticancer drug imatinib guided by local changes in interfacial de-wetting propensities of the C-Kit kinase target introduced by an imatinib-resistant mutation. The ligand is redesigned by sculpting the shifting hydration patterns of the target. The association with the modified ligand overcomes the mutation-driven destabilization of the induced fit. Consequently, the redesigned drug inhibits both mutant and wild-type kinase. The modeling effort is validated through molecular dynamics, test tube kinetic assays of downstream phosphorylation activity, high-throughput bacteriophage-display kinase screening, cellular proliferation assays, and cellular immunoblots. The inhibitor redesign reported delineates a molecular engineering paradigm to impair routes for drug resistance. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4028–33]
Targeted Expression of BikDD Eradicates Pancreatic Tumors in Noninvasive Imaging Models
Authors: Xiaoming Xie, Weiya Xia, Zhongkui Li, Hsu-Ping Kuo, Yuanfang Liu, Zheng Li, Qingqing Ding, Su Zhang, Bill Spohn, Yan Yang, Yongkun Wei, Jing-Yu Lang, Douglas B. Evans, Paul J. Chiao, James L. Abbruzzese, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
Electrogenic Suppression of Automaticity in Sheep and Dog Purkinje Fibers
Authors: MARIO VASSALLE
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Driving Purkinje fibers at a fast rate is followed by a temporary suppression of spontaneous activity, "overdrive suppression." The mechanism of this suppression was studied in Purkinje fibers perfused in vitro and stimulated for variable periods of time at selected rates. The overdrive procedures caused an initial decrease in maximum diastolic potential below control followed by a late increase above control. After the overdrive, the slope of diastolic depolarization was decreased and the threshold voltage more positive 2 , these changes were responsible for the temporary suppression of spontaneous activity. After the cessation of 2-minute overdrive, the increase in maximum diastolic potential subsided gradually over a period of 2 to 5 minutes. At higher [K] o , the effect of overdrive on membrane potential was reduced. Substitution of Na + with Li + or exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol abolished the late hyperpolarization during overdrive. The membrane resistance was not altered after an overdrive period. The results suggest that driving ventricular Purkinje fibers at a rate higher than their intrinsic rate causes an initial loss of K + and the activation of an electrogenic Na + pump. The activation of the electrogenic pump is the major mechanism responsible for overdrive suppression.
Obesity and Public Policy
Authors: Ashley N. Gearhardt, Marie A. Bragg, Rebecca L. Pearl, Natasha A. Schvey, Christina A. Roberto, Kelly D. Brownell
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2012)

There is a pressing need to reduce both the prevalence and impact of obesity. This review begins with a discussion of the roles of treatment and prevention. Two overriding issues, weight bias and the addictive nature of food, are covered because of their importance not only to the individuals affected but also to public policy. We then cover promising policy areas in which changes can be implemented to support healthy behaviors: school policy, food marketing, food labeling and packaging, and taxes on unhealthy foods. The roles of the food industry and federal, state, and local governments are also discussed.
Paraneoplastic thrombus or relapse of a pulmonary artery sarcoma?
Authors: M. Oberson, C. S. Pawelczak, F. Meincke
Journal: Thorax (2010)

A 34-year-old man with a previous history of left pneumectomy with curative intent after diagnosis of intimal sarcoma arising from the left pulmonary artery was referred for increasing dyspnoea, and pain at the right shoulder. The patient was free of tumour relapse at nearly 5 years follow-up.

A contrast-enhanced multidetector CT (MDCT) shows a filling defect within the main pulmonary artery (figure 1A). Axial fusion image of integrated [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET)/CT confirmed an increased uptake at the same level and additionally at the right scapula, highly suggestive of a metastasis (figure 1B). To relieve the patient's symptoms, and improve his quality of life and his short-term prognosis, a palliative operation was carried out. The main and the right pulmonary arteries were completely resected and successfully reconstructed using a polytetrafluoroethylene …
Identification of somatically acquired rearrangements in cancer using genome-wide massively parallel paired-end sequencing
Authors: Peter J Campbell, Philip J Stephens, Erin D Pleasance, Sarah O'Meara, Heng Li, Thomas Santarius, Lucy A Stebbings, Catherine Leroy, Sarah Edkins, Claire Hardy, Jon W Teague, Andrew Menzies, Ian Goodhead, Daniel J Turner, Christopher M Clee, Michael A Quail, Antony Cox, Clive Brown, Richard Durbin, Matthew E Hurles, Paul A W Edwards, Graham R Bignell, Michael R Stratton, P Andrew Futreal
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Usefulness of invasive electrophysiologic testing to stratify the risk of arrhythmic events in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern
Authors: Carlo Pappone, Vincenzo Santinelli, Salvatore Rosanio, Gabriele Vicedomini, Stefano Nardi, Alessia Pappone, Valter Tortoriello, Francesco Manguso, Patrizio Mazzone, Simone Gulletta, Giuseppe Oreto, Ottavio Alfieri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Safety and Effectiveness of Early Colonoscopy in Management of Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding on the Basis of Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Naoyoshi Nagata, Ryota Niikura, Toshiyuki Sakurai, Takuro Shimbo, Tomonori Aoki, Shiori Moriyasu, Katsunori Sekine, Hidetaka Okubo, Koh Imbe, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Chizu Yokoi, Mikio Yanase, Junichi Akiyama, Naomi Uemura
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Neutropenia with impaired host defense against microbial infection in mice lacking androgen receptor
Authors: Kuang-Hsiang Chuang, Saleh Altuwaijri, Gonghui Li, Jiann-Jyh Lai, Chin-Yi Chu, Kuo-Pao Lai, Hung-Yun Lin, Jong-Wei Hsu, Peter Keng, Ming-Chi Wu, Chawnshang Chang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Neutrophils, the major phagocytes that form the first line of cell-mediated defense against microbial infection, are produced in the bone marrow and released into the circulation in response to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Here, we report that androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice are neutropenic and susceptible to acute bacterial infection, whereas castration only results in moderate neutrophil reduction in mice and humans. Androgen supplement can restore neutrophil counts via stabilizing AR in castrated mice, but not in ARKO and testicular feminization mutant (Tfm) mice. Our results show that deletion of the AR gene does not influence myeloid lineage commitment, but significantly reduces the proliferative activity of neutrophil precursors and retards neutrophil maturation. CXCR2-dependent migration is also decreased in ARKO neutrophils as compared with wild-type controls. G-CSF is unable to delay apoptosis in ARKO neutrophils, and ARKO mice show a poor granulopoietic response to exogenous G-CSF injection. In addition, AR can restore G-CSF–dependent granulocytic differentiation upon transduction into ARKO progenitors. We further found that AR augments G-CSF signaling by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and also by sustaining Stat3 activity via diminishing the inhibitory binding of PIAS3 to Stat3. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an essential role for AR in granulopoiesis and host defense against microbial infection.
Adverse Reactions to Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Jacques R. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A three-year prospective study among medical and pediatric inpatients demonstrated that the risk of adverse reactions from all antimicrobials was 4.4%, but varied from 0.88% for streptomycin to 8.5% for methicillin. Reactions were moderate or severe in 58% of the observed episodes. Hospitalization time was prolonged in 45% of the reactions and extended more than four days in 15%. The incidence of reactions to ampicillin was highest in the pediatric group; to the aminoglycosides incidence was highest in the group of patients over 60 years old. Reactions of an immunologic character were seen most commonly with the penicillins and cephalosporins; those caused by toxic or pharmacologic effects were observed most frequently with the aminoglycosides. (<i>JAMA</i>230:77-80, 1974)
RATS IN RELATION TO PLAGUE
Authors: B. Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1905)

When seen at 2.30 p.m. there was less pain and the diarrhoea seemed to have ceased.The tongue had a whitish fur.After this the diarrhoea returned, and the eyes were noticed to become of a darker shade; later ne became restless, with slight low delirium.At 8 30 p.m., when I saw him again, the patient was collapsed, the aspect being that of abdominal disease.The respiration was jerky ana somewhat laboured, the pulse small and rapid, and the abdomen was somewhat distended, hard, and tympanitic; the temperature was 0o0.50 F. Nothing abnormal could be detectea in the chest.