tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enzymatically fabricated and degradable microcapsules for production of multicellular spheroids with well-defined diameters of less than 150 μm
Authors: Shinji Sakai, Sho Ito, Yuko Ogushi, Ichiro Hashimoto, Natsuko Hosoda, Yoshinori Sawae, Koei Kawakami
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Dose of Hemodialysis and Survival
Authors: W F Owen, G M Chertow, J M Lazarus, E G Lowrie
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Although blacks receive lower doses of hemodialysis than whites, their survival when receiving dialysis treatment is better than that for whites. Previous studies of the relationship between the dose of dialysis and patient survival have not controlled for differences in patient characteristics.Objective.—To examine the association of mortality with the dose of hemodialysis for clusters of patients categorized by race and sex.Design.—Retrospective analysis of laboratory data and mortality outcomes from 1994, using a national database of hemodialysis patients.Patients.—A total of 18,144 black and white patients receiving hemodialysis 3 times weekly who either lived the entire year receiving hemodialysis or died.Main Outcome Measures.—The fractional reduction of urea in a single dialysis session as the measured hemodialysis dose (urea reduction ratio [URR]) after controlling for race, sex, age, and diabetes mellitus. Mortality was determined by strata of URRs and albumin and creatinine levels.Results.—Across all age categories, blacks had lower URRs than whites, and men had lower URRs than women. In an age-adjusted model for evaluating interactions among URRs, race, sex, and diabetes, the association of URR with mortality risk was weak among blacks, particularly black men. After adjustment for age and diabetes, death probability curves were most steep for white women with URR values less than 60%. The death probability curves were least steep for black men. There was no meaningful difference between death probability and albumin or creatinine concentration among the race by sex clusters.Conclusion.—Using URR, the usual measure of hemodialysis dose, the assumption that the association between dialysis dose and survival is uniform across demographic groups appears incorrect. Comparisons of the quality of dialysis patient care should not rely on URR alone to predict patient survival.
Intra-Operative Selective Renal Artery Balloon Occlusion Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy – Technique and Outcomes
Authors: Sashi S. Kommu, Mohammed Nayeemuddin, Zafar Hashim, David Cartlidge, Thomas Finnigan, A. Golash, C. Luscombe, J. Asquith, D. West
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2010)
Lowering the Criterion for Impaired Fasting Glucose Is in Order
Authors: Saul Genuth
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Editor’s comment: Because of the controversial nature of the new lowered criterion for IFG, I offered the Chairman of the Expert Committee an opportunity to respond to my commentary on the subject. I would only point out that Dr. Genuth’s reference 8 shows an association between glycemia and cardiovascular disease (as have many other reports), but to date, five prospective studies, analyzed either singly or as a metanalysis, have been unable to demonstrate a beneficial effect of lowering glycemia on cardiovascular disease outcomes.
The Psychotropic Drugs—Cost Effectiveness and Clinical Pharmacologic Studies.
Authors: John M. Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973The Psychotropic Drugs—Cost Effectiveness and Clinical Pharmacologic Studies.John M. Davis, M.D., David Janowsky, M.D., H. Joseph Sekerke, M.D., M. Khaled El-Yousef, M.D.John M. Davis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, David Janowsky, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. Joseph Sekerke, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. Khaled El-Yousef, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-830_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOur purpose is to provide a cost effectiveness analysis of the psychotropic drugs; the clinical indications and side effects of the psychotropic drugs, which will be useful to the general physician; and a review of therapeutics, presented in the context of what is known about the clinical pharmacology of psychotropic drugs. The therapeutic efficacy of the antipsychotic agents chlorpromazine and butaperazine is viewed as it relates to the levels of these compounds in the blood. Chloropromazine levels were measured by gas chromatographic method with an electron captor detector and butaperazine levels, by a fluorometric method. Drug interactions are emphasized. Interactions... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nashville, Tennessee. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 830-830KeywordsAdverse reactionsAntipsychoticsBloodChlorpromazineClinical pharmacologyCost effectiveness analysisDrug interactionsDrug therapyDrugs Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Small Cell Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Lung: Changing Concepts and Emerging Problems
Authors: J. C. Ruckdeschel, R. Caradonna, W. J. Paladine, S. M. Hillinger, J. Horton
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1979)

Small cell carcinoma of the lung has joined the ranks of cancers that are increasingly susceptible to successful therapeutic attack. Cautious optimism about potential cures is being expressed in a disease that a few short years ago had a median survival of two months. Advances in cell biology, particularly in the area of metastases, are leading to new concepts in therapy, but more than ever there is a crying need for controlled studies of new approaches.
TRAIL mediates liver injury by the innate immune system in the bile duct–ligated mouse†
Authors: Alisan Kahraman, Fernando J. Barreyro, Steven F. Bronk, Nathan W. Werneburg, Justin L. Mott, Yuko Akazawa, Howard C. Masuoka, Charles L. Howe, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The contribution of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a death ligand expressed by cells of the innate immune system, to cholestatic liver injury has not been explored. Our aim was to ascertain if TRAIL contributes to liver injury in the bile duct-ligated (BDL) mouse. C57/BL6 wild-type (wt), TRAIL heterozygote (TRAIL(+/-)), and TRAIL knockout (TRAIL(-/-)) mice were used for these studies. Liver injury and fibrosis were examined 7 and 14 days after BDL, respectively. Hepatic TRAIL messenger RNA (mRNA) was 6-fold greater in BDL animals versus sham-operated wt animals (P < 0.01). The increased hepatic TRAIL expression was accompanied by an increase in liver accumulation of natural killer 1.1 (NK 1.1)-positive NK and natural killer T (NKT) cells, the predominant cell types expressing TRAIL. Depletion of NK 1.1-positive cells reduced hepatic TRAIL mRNA expression and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values. Consistent with a role for NK/NKT cells in this model of liver injury, stress ligands necessary for their recognition of target cells were also up-regulated in hepatocytes following BDL. Compared to sham-operated wt mice, BDL mice displayed a 13-fold increase in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and an 11-fold increase in caspase 3/7-positive hepatocytes (P < 0.01). The number of TUNEL and caspase 3/7-positive cells was reduced by >80% in BDL TRAIL knockout animals (P < 0.05). Likewise, liver histology, number of bile infarcts, serum ALT values, hepatic fibrosis, and animal survival were also improved in BDL TRAIL(-/-) animals as compared to wt animals.These observations support a pivotal role for TRAIL in cholestatic liver injury mediated by NK 1.1-positive NK/NKT cells.
Current Therapy in Infectious Disease 19831984
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1984)

"What a day! I am swamped here in the office, and now Mr Jones has this infection I don't know how to treat. I usually call Dr Curbside for advice, but he is off this afternoon. I seem to recall reading about a new drug for this infection. My copy of<i>Harrison's</i>is a few years old, and the chapter on this infection was probably written ten years ago. Dear me! I really should get the new edition. But even if I did, I wouldn't have time to read through all that fine print to find what I need. What should I do?" Kass and Platt have the answer. In this concisely written volume they have assembled the advice of more than 100 experts to provide up-to-date recommendations on treatment of infectious diseases. Each chapter gives straightforward advice on treatment, which drug(s) to use, what dosage is best, and what
Clinical and angiographic predictors of cardiac events in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the current era: Insights from the PRESTO trial
Authors: Heidar Arjomand, James T. Willerson, David R. Holmes, Bassam Roukoz, Satish Surabhi, Ismail Dairywala, Chowdhury Ahsan, Marc Cohen, Zoltan G. Turi, Sheldon Goldberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Glaucoma Detection in Florida
Authors: Joseph E. Frydman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A permanent glaucoma screening program is being carried out in four Florida counties. In this program, screening is done five days a week throughout the year. Of the 67,193 persons screened as of December 1965, 870 unknown cases of glaucoma and 115 cases of borderline glaucoma were diagnosed, amounting to an overall incidence of 1.4% and 0.2% respectively. The largest percentage of diagnosed glaucoma was in the 55 to 74 age groups. The incidence of glaucoma in Negroes was twice as high as in white persons, and the incidence in persons with a positive family history amounted to 6.4%. Among the advantages in a permanent screening program are early detection of glaucoma and possible prevention of the blindness which can result from it.
Induction Course for Hospital Medical Staff
Authors: B. C. Das
Journal: BMJ (1971)

epithelial elements as the result of drug metabolite toxicity rather than as malignant change.Cyclophosphamide, in common with other cytotoxic agents, can under experimental conditions produce malignant change in laboratory animals.However, it is not one of those that has been known to produce malignancy in humans treated with cytotoxic drugs for non-malignant disease or for sup- pression of homograft rejection.However, one case of a second malignancy (myeloblastic leukaemia) occurring in a patient on long-term cyclophosphamide for a first malignancy (of the ovary) has been reported,3 and though this hazard may be less with cyclophosphamide than with certain other cytotoxic drugs, it should be borne in mind.-I am, etc.,
Deep-Vein Thrombosis Induced by Tranexamic Acid in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Yasuyuki Endo
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Although thrombotic complications in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have been seen occasionally,<sup>1-5</sup>an association with deep-vein thrombosis during treatment with tranexamic acid has not been reported, to our knowledge. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —An 83-year-old man, previously healthy, developed a hematoma on his back after trauma. He was diagnosed as having chronic ITP because of a decrease in the platelet count to 40 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L (40 × 10<sup>3</sup>/mm<sup>3</sup>) (normal, 117 to 327 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L [117 to 327 × 10<sup>3</sup>/mm<sup>3</sup>]); prolongation of bleeding time to 9.5 minutes (normal, two to five minutes); numerous petechiae (by the Rumpel-Leede test); a decrease of platelet aggregation by adenosine diphosphate to 25% (normal, 40% to 80%); an increase of platelet-associated immunoglobulin to 35.9 ng/mL/10<sup>7</sup>platelets (normal, 9 to 20 ng/mL/10<sup>7</sup>platelets); and reduced production of platelets in
Role of membrane-bound heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in renal epithelial cell branching
Authors: Tsukasa Takemura, Satoshi Hino, Mituru Okada, Yuka Murata, Hidehiko Yanagida, Masaru Ikeda, Kazuo Yoshioka, Raymond C. Harris
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
SUGGESTIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEPTIC WOUNDS
Authors: F. W. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1918)

movements carried out, and tlhat their knees lhave become stiff.Such were some of the ultimate results of cases which lhad healed by first intention, showed no signs of subse- quent sepsis, and should lhave obtained good movable joints, before I instituted my present method of procedure.Of seveni cases which lhealed by primary union after arthrotomy in October, 1917, -the best results I have know- ledge of are (1) 25 degrees of movement, (2) 10 to 15 degrees, (3) four-fifths of full mobility.The last is the only one of these seven who, apparently, has been returned to his dep6t for duty.Advantages Claimned for this Procedure.1.The movements, being so insidious, are nearly painless.
Myocardial Infarction: Electrocardiographic Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Robert J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The book is directed specifically to the physician who regularly reads and interprets electrocardiograms, and its main purpose is the refinement of electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The nucleus of the book is devoted to the ECG Q wave. Wilson's cavity potential theory and the vectorial theory are reviewed in describing the genesis of Q waves. Those that occur as normal variants and with ventricular hypertrophy and altered ventricular conduction are discussed. The reader is reminded that reversal of the limb leads and the improper placement of electrodes produce spurious Q waves. Other common Q wave ECG patterns are discussed. The author correctly points out that considerable caution must be exercised in interpreting the ECG with a widened QRS duration, as altered ventricular conduction frequently produces pseudoinfarctional Q waves. The book is well illustrated with ECG examples that are displayed in close association with the descriptive text. Important points are
The Biochemistry of Mucopolysaccharides of Connective Tissues
Authors: L. E. Glynn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1961)

The authors set out to give a concise survey of modern views on articular function.At the outset let it be said that each of them has, in his own particular field, made a number of original contributions in one or more aspects of the structure or function of synovial joints.
Platelet-release reaction in myocardial infarction.
Authors: D P Mikhailidis, P Dandona
Journal: BMJ (1980)

the administration of intravenous sodium bicar- bonate, his urinary output rose to 50 ml/hour.However, by the next day blood urea had risen to 38 mmol/I (229 mg/100 ml) and the urate level was unchanged.Urgent haemodialysis was performed, with biochemical improvement; in particular, postdialysis urate was 0 50 mmol,l (8 40 mg/ 100 ml).Following a single haemodialysis his diuresis continued over the next three days and his recovery was otherwise uneventful, with no residual renal impairment.We agree that acute renal failure due to a nephrotoxic effect of alcohol is unlikely.In our case muscle damage was both apparent clinically and confirmed biochemically.How- ever, the uric acid level was also grossly ele- vated.The mechanism of acute renal failure as a consequence of myoglobinuria is uncertain although it has been suggested that other factors, including shock and acidosis, are important.'It is well recognised that hyperuricaemia occurs following muscle damage.'Additionally, hyperuricaemia may lead to acute renal failure in the absence of muscle damage.3Muscle damage may result from pressure necrosis following immobility during alcoholic stupor.4We suggest that the resulting hyperuricaemia is a major aetiological factor in the development of acute renal failure in this situation.In similar cases, priority should be given to the estimation of uric acid level and if it is grossly elevated then urgent alkalinisation to increase uric acid solubility and dialysis to reduce uric acid load is indicated.In such circumstances haemodialysis is to be greatly preferred to peritoneal dialysis, as urate clearance is significantly greater.3
Sex Differences in Patient Acceptance of Cardiac Transplant Candidacy
Authors: Keith D. Aaronson, J. Sanford Schwartz, James E. Goin, Donna M. Mancini
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The overwhelming majority of cardiac transplant recipients are men. This can be partially explained by the earlier age at which heart failure develops in men. However, an underrepresentation of women also may reflect physician referral or selection biases or differences in patients' access to or acceptance of heart transplantation.We investigated whether sex bias occurred in the transplant candidate selection process at a single cardiac transplant center. We prospectively evaluated 386 individuals < 70 years of age (295 men, 91 women) referred for management of moderate to severe heart failure and/or cardiac transplant evaluation. Age, race, sex, heart failure type, New York Heart Association class, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak exercise oxygen consumption, disease duration, resting hemodynamic measurements, comorbidity index score, health insurance coverage, and estimated household income were recorded. For patients not accepted for transplantation, the reason for rejection was also obtained. Univariable and multivariable (logistic regression) analyses were performed comparing men and women and patients accepted and those not accepted for cardiac transplantation. Female sex was independently associated with rejection for cardiac transplantation (odds ratio, 2.57; P = .01). However, the reason for rejection (odds ratio, 2.57; P = .01). However, the reason for rejection was more likely to be patient self-refusal for women than for men (29% versus 9%), and female sex was independently associated with patient self-refusal (odds ratio, 4.68; P = .003). When patients who refused transplant were reclassified as accepted for transplant, female sex was no longer associated with nonacceptance. However, lower patient income was associated with nonacceptance for transplant.We found no evidence of sex bias in the selection of cardiac transplant recipients at our center. These findings suggest that the underrepresentation of women among cardiac transplant recipients may result, in part, from a sex difference in treatment preference, with a decreased willingness of women to undergo transplantation. The reasons for the difference in acceptance rates between men and women need to be elucidated.
Commentary: No simple and absolute ethical rule exists for every conceivable situation
Authors: Y K Seedat, Y K Seedat, M Adhlkari, M H Cassimjee, V Gathiram, V B Jogessar, J Moodley, D J Pudifin, J V Robbs, S R Thomson, J R van Dellen, E M Barker, E M Barker, S Downes, R Gcaba, D J McQuoid-Mason, M E de Haas, U Govind
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The obvious ethical problems posed by this study concern ( a ) the fact that all patients admitted to the intensive care unit over a six month period were included in the study without their knowledge or consent, and ( b ) the fact that blood samples obtained from all patients were tested for HIV infection without the consent of the patients, with the information that blood samples had been tested for the infection being given to patients only after the test had been done.

At first sight the decision to override the patients' right to full information, and to give or to refuse consent to inclusion and testing, seemed to all members of the research ethics committee to be so fundamentally at variance with the ethical principles governing research involving patients that it seemed impossible to give ethical approval for the study. However, during lengthy discussions with the investigators several considerations emerged.

Firstly, the information being sought by the investigators was clearly going to be of crucial importance to the community, not only in South Africa or in Africa as a whole but also worldwide. The importance of the study was perceived to be twofold. If it showed that a patient's HIV status significantly worsened his or her chances of a favourable outcome from intensive care–to …
Morphological and behavioral markers of environmentally induced retardation of brain development: an animal model.
Authors: J Altman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

In most neurotoxicological studies morphological assessment focuses on pathological effects, like degenerative changes in neuronal perikarya, axonopathy, demyelination, and glial and endothelial cell reactions. Similarly, the assessment of physiological and behavioral effects center on evident neurological symptoms, like EEG and EMG abnormalities, resting and intention tremor, abnormal gait, and abnormal reflexes. This paper reviews briefly another central nervous system target of harmful environmental agents, which results in behavioral abnormalities without any qualitatively evident neuropathology. This is called microneuronal hypoplasia, a retardation of brain development characterized by a quantitative reduction in the normal population of late-generated, short-axoned neurons in specific brain regions. Correlated descriptive and experimental neurogenetic studies in the rat have established that all the cerebellar granule cells and a very high proportion of hippocampal granule cells are produced postnatally, and that focal, low-dose X-irradiation either of the cerebellum or of the hippocampus after birth selectively interferes with the acquisition of the full complement of granule cells (microneuronal hypoplasia). Subsequent behavioral investigations showed that cerebellar microneuronal hypoplasia results in profound hyperactivity without motor abnormalities, while hippocampal microneuronal hypoplasia results in hyperactivity, as well as attentional and learning deficits. There is much indirect clinical evidence that various harmful environmental agents affecting the pregnant mother and/or the infant lead to such childhood disorders as hyperactivity and attentional and learning disorders. As the developing human brain is more mature at birth than the rat brain, the risk for microneuronal hypoplasia and consequent behavioral disorders may be highest at late stages of fetal development, in prematurely born and small-for-weight infants, and during the early stages of infant development. Recent technological advances in brain imaging techniques make it possible to test this hypothesis and to assess the possible relationship between the degree of retarded brain development and ensuing behavioral disorders.
Theological Consultants in Hospitals and Mental Health Centers
Authors: SEWARD HILTNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Theological or pastoral consultants may aid the work of chaplains and of clinical pastoral education programs and interpret their meaning within the hospital or mental health center. But they may be able to do more than that: bring new dimensions to case conferences, help in the human side of administration, and promote better public relations in the community.
A premenopausal woman with virilization secondary to an ovarian Leydig cell tumor
Authors: André M. Faria, Ricardo V. Perez, José A. M. Marcondes, Daniel S. Freire, Roberto Blasbalg, José Soares, Kleber Simões, Sylvia A. Y. Hayashida, Maria A. A. Pereira
Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2011)
COMPARISON OF 2D AND 3D IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF AORTIC ANNULUS DIAMETERS BEFORE TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Ertunc Altiok, Ralf Koos, Jörg Schröder, Kathrin Brehmer, Sandra Hamada, Michael Becker, Mohammad Almalla, Guido Dohmen, Andreas H. Mahnken, Rüdiger Autschbach, Nikolaus Marx, Rainer Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)