tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of the Internet to Obtain Cancer Information Among Cancer Patients at an Urban County Hospital
Authors: Paul R. Helft, Rachael E. Eckles, Cynthia Stair Johnson-Calley, Christopher K. Daugherty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To evaluate rates, predictors, and barriers to use of the Internet to obtain cancer information among a cohort of cancer patients at an urban county hospital.Of 208 cancer patients approached, 200 patients completed a structured interview study examining Internet use, perceptions of the accuracy of Internet information, and barriers to use.Only 10% of participants reported using the Internet themselves to obtain cancer information. Another 21% reported exposure to Internet information through proxies. The most common barrier to Internet use cited was lack of Internet access, with 44% reporting that they would use the Internet to obtain cancer information if they had Internet access. Younger age and more years of formal education were significantly associated with Internet use, although race and income were not. Less education, African American race, and female sex were associated with lower estimates of the accuracy of Internet information. Fewer years of formal education was associated with increased likelihood of reporting confusion after reading Internet information.Very few cancer patients in this study of a cohort of generally disadvantaged individuals used the Internet themselves to obtain cancer information, although many more desired to do so. Significant opportunities for Web-based interventions aimed at improving cancer care outcomes in this population of cancer patients exist. However, further study will be needed to determine how to make such intervention accessible, trustworthy, and understandable to the disadvantaged.
Chemical carcinogens used to induce spontaneous tumors may suppress tumor specific T-cell immunity
Authors: Dan Herendeen, Ekram Gad, Lauren Rastetter, Dominick Auci, Ben Curtis, Marlese Koehnlein, Mary L Disis
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Many mouse models of breast cancer have been developed that closely replicate human breast cancer subtypes at the genomic level. In order to develop vaccines that could prevent a broad spectrum of breast cancer subtypes, a combination of different spontaneous tumor models are
Indoor air quality, ventilation and respiratory health in elderly residents living in nursing homes in Europe
Authors: Malek Bentayeb, Dan Norback, Micha Bednarek, Alfred Bernard, Guihong Cai, Sonia Cerrai, Konstantinos Kostas Eleftheriou, Christina Gratziou, Gitte Juel Holst, François Lavaud, Jacek Nasilowski, Piersante Sestini, Giuseppe Sarno, Torben Sigsgaard, Gunilla Wieslander, Jan Zielinski, Giovanni Viegi, Isabella Annesi-Maesano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Few data exist on respiratory effects of indoor air quality and comfort parameters in the elderly. In the context of the GERIE study, we investigated for the first time the relationships of these factors to respiratory morbidity among elderly people permanently living in nursing homes in seven European countries. 600 elderly people from 50 nursing homes underwent a medical examination and completed a standardised questionnaire. Air quality and comfort parameters were objectively assessed in situ in the nursing home. Mean concentrations of air pollutants did not exceed the existing standards. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio was highly significantly related to elevated levels of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of &lt;0.1 µm (PM 0.1 ) (adjusted OR 8.16, 95% CI 2.24–29.3) and nitrogen dioxide (aOR 3.74, 95% CI 1.06–13.1). Excess risks for usual breathlessness and cough were found with elevated PM 10 (aOR 1.53 (95% CI 1.15–2.07) and aOR 1.73 (95% CI 1.17–10.3), respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.15–2.20) and aOR 1.56 (95% CI 1.03–2.41), respectively). Excess risks for wheeze in the past year were found with PM 0.1 (aOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.15–7.02) and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exhaled carbon monoxide with formaldehyde (aOR 3.49 (95% CI 1.17–10.3) and aOR 1.25 (95% CI 1.02–1.55), respectively). Breathlessness and cough were associated with higher carbon dioxide. Relative humidity was inversely related to wheeze in the past year and usual cough. Elderly subjects aged ≥80 years were at higher risk. Pollutant effects were more pronounced in the case of poor ventilation. Even at low levels, indoor air quality affected respiratory health in elderly people permanently living in nursing homes, with frailty increasing with age. The effects were modulated by ventilation.
Cyclophilin B Supports Myc and Mutant p53-Dependent Survival of Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells
Authors: Jae Won Choi, Mark A. Schroeder, Jann N. Sarkaria, Richard J. Bram
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive, treatment-refractory type of brain tumor for which effective therapeutic targets remain important to identify. Here, we report that cyclophilin B (CypB), a prolyl isomerase residing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), provides an essential survival signal in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Analysis of gene expression databases revealed that CypB is upregulated in many cases of malignant glioma. We found that suppression of CypB reduced cell proliferation and survival in human glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro and in vivo. We also found that treatment with small molecule inhibitors of cyclophilins, including the approved drug cyclosporine, greatly reduced the viability of glioblastoma multiforme cells. Mechanistically, depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of CypB caused hyperactivation of the oncogenic RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, induction of cellular senescence signals, and death resulting from loss of MYC, mutant p53, Chk1, and Janus-activated kinase/STAT3 signaling. Elevated reactive oxygen species, ER expansion, and abnormal unfolded protein responses in CypB-depleted glioblastoma multiforme cells indicated that CypB alleviates oxidative and ER stresses and coordinates stress adaptation responses. Enhanced cell survival and sustained expression of multiple oncogenic proteins downstream of CypB may thus contribute to the poor outcome of glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Our findings link chaperone-mediated protein folding in the ER to mechanisms underlying oncogenic transformation, and they make CypB an attractive and immediately targetable molecule for glioblastoma multiforme therapy.
Targeted Prostate Cancer Screening in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the Initial Screening Round of the IMPACT Study
Authors: Elizabeth K. Bancroft, Elizabeth C. Page, Elena Castro, Hans Lilja, Andrew Vickers, Daniel Sjoberg, Melissa Assel, Christopher S. Foster, Gillian Mitchell, Kate Drew, Lovise Mæhle, Karol Axcrona, D. Gareth Evans, Barbara Bulman, Diana Eccles, Donna McBride, Christi van Asperen, Hans Vasen, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Janneke Ringelberg, Cezary Cybulski, Dominika Wokolorczyk, Christina Selkirk, Peter J. Hulick, Anders Bojesen, Anne-Bine Skytte, Jimmy Lam, Louise Taylor, Rogier Oldenburg, Ruben Cremers, Gerald Verhaegh, Wendy A. van Zelst-Stams, Jan C. Oosterwijk, Ignacio Blanco, Monica Salinas, Jackie Cook, Derek J. Rosario, Saundra Buys, Tom Conner, Margreet G. Ausems, Kai-ren Ong, Jonathan Hoffman, Susan Domchek, Jacquelyn Powers, Manuel R. Teixeira, Sofia Maia, William D. Foulkes, Nassim Taherian, Marielle Ruijs, Apollonia T. Helderman-van den Enden, Louise Izatt, Rosemarie Davidson, Muriel A. Adank, Lisa Walker, Rita Schmutzler, Kathy Tucker, Judy Kirk, Shirley Hodgson, Marion Harris, Fiona Douglas, Geoffrey J. Lindeman, Janez Zgajnar, Marc Tischkowitz, Virginia E. Clowes, Rachel Susman, Teresa Ramón y Cajal, Nicholas Patcher, Neus Gadea, Allan Spigelman, Theo van Os, Annelie Liljegren, Lucy Side, Carole Brewer, Angela F. Brady, Alan Donaldson, Vigdis Stefansdottir, Eitan Friedman, Rakefet Chen-Shtoyerman, David J. Amor, Lucia Copakova, Julian Barwell, Veda N. Giri, Vedang Murthy, Nicola Nicolai, Soo-Hwang Teo, Lynn Greenhalgh, Sara Strom, Alex Henderson, John McGrath, David Gallagher, Neil Aaronson, Audrey Ardern-Jones, Chris Bangma, David Dearnaley, Philandra Costello, Jorunn Eyfjord, Jeanette Rothwell, Alison Falconer, Henrik Gronberg, Freddie C. Hamdy, Oskar Johannsson, Vincent Khoo, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Jan Lubinski, Ulrika Axcrona, Jane Melia, Joanne McKinley, Anita V. Mitra, Clare Moynihan, Gad Rennert, Mohnish Suri, Penny Wilson, Emma Killick, Sue Moss, Rosalind A. Eeles
Journal: European Urology (2014)

Men with germline breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) or breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) gene mutations have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) than noncarriers. IMPACT (Identification of Men with a genetic predisposition to ProstAte Cancer: Targeted screening in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls) is an international consortium of 62 centres in 20 countries evaluating the use of targeted PCa screening in men with BRCA1/2 mutations.
Donor Lymphocyte Infusions for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma After Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation: Predictive Factors for Response and Long-Term Outcome
Authors: H.M. Lokhorst, A. Schattenberg, J.J. Cornelissen, M.H. J. van Oers, W. Fibbe, I. Russell, N.W. C. J. v. d. Donk, L.F. Verdonck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

To determine the efficacy, toxicity, and long-term outcome and prognostic factors of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (AlloSCT).Twenty-seven patients received 52 DLI courses at a median of 30 months after the previous AlloSCT. Reinduction therapy was administered to 13 patients before DLI.Reinduction therapy was successful in eight of 13 patients. Fourteen patients (52%) responded to DLI, including six patients (22%) who achieved a complete remission (CR). Five patients responded after T-cell dose escalation in subsequent DLIs. Four patients experienced relapse or disease progression (three from partial response and one from CR). Five patients remain in remission more than 30 months after DLI. Major toxicity was acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which was present in 55% and 26% of patients, respectively. Two patients died from bone marrow aplasia. Median overall survival of all patients was 18 months. Overall survival was 11 months for DLI-resistant patients and has not been reached for the responding patients. In two patients, sustained molecular remission was observed. The factors that were correlated with response to DLI were a T-cell dose of more than 1.10(8) cells/kg, response to reinduction therapy, and chemotherapy-sensitive disease before AlloSCT.These data confirm the potential and durable graft-versus-myeloma effect of DLI in patients with relapsed MM after AlloSCT. Future studies should be aimed at increasing response rates, especially in patients with chemoresistant disease, and reducing toxicity by limiting GVHD. Adjuvant DLI seems an attractive and promising approach for patients who do not achieve a molecular remission after AlloSCT.
Pneumocystis jirovecii in pleural infection: a nucleic acid amplification study
Authors: J. M. Wrightson, N. M. Rahman, T. Novak, J. F. Huggett, N. A. Maskell, A. Zumla, R. F. Miller, R. J. O. Davies
Journal: Thorax (2010)

syndrome) of whom 1084 (84%) were treated with methylprednisolone while 207 (16%) received no steroid treatment. 2Glucose levels were the same at baseline in both groups but in those treated with steroid the mean value rose significantly.The highest blood glucose in the methyprednisolone group was 8.68 mmol/l (64.8) compared with 6.39 mmol/l (63.71) in the non-steroid cohort (p<0.05). 2 This change is comparable with the 1.8 mmol/l increase observed with hydrocortisone in a multicentre randomised trial of steroids in sepsis. 3 An increase of this magnitude appears trivial, but significantly alters glucose levels within the lung.Airway surface fluid is a key element of pulmonary defence, and glucose is normally maintained 3e20 times lower than plasma levels by active transport mechanisms. 4 The latter has a threshold of 6.7e9.7 mmol/l and glucose increases in airway fluid when plasma levels exceed this value.Furthermore, pulmonary inflammation disrupts epithelial integrity and also leads to a rise in lung glucose.Airway surface fluid contains surfactant proteins A and D, which not only are important host defence molecules against a broad spectrum of pathogens but, in addition, possess a number of immunoregulatory properties.These proteins are members of the collectin family, which recognise carbohydrate moieties on microorganisms through their lectin domain.The latter also binds glucose, which may act as a competitive inhibitor of surfactant proteins. 5 It is little surprise, therefore, that raised airway fluid glucose promotes pulmonary inflammation and infection. 4 Corticosteroids are an important treatment modality in many pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases.It is likely that in many diseases such as COPD, interstitial lung disease and asthma, modest hyperglycaemia associated with steroid use abrogrates the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs.Further investigation of this phenomenon is warranted not only in COPD, but also in other pulmonary diseases in which steroids are commonly used.
Age-Related Crossover in Breast Cancer Incidence Rates Between Black and White Ethnic Groups
Authors: William F. Anderson, Philip S. Rosenberg, Idan Menashe, Aya Mitani, Ruth M. Pfeiffer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Although breast cancer incidence is higher in black women than in white women among women younger than 40 years, the reverse is true among those aged 40 years or older. This crossover in incidence rates between black and white ethnic groups has been well described, has not been completely understood, and has been viewed as an artifact. To quantify this incidence rate crossover, we examined data for 440 653 women with invasive breast cancer from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from January 1, 1975, through December 31, 2004. Data on invasive female breast cancers were stratified by race, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, and tumor characteristics. Standard descriptive analyses were supplemented with Poisson regression models, age–period–cohort models, and two-component mixture models. All statistical tests were two-sided. We observed qualitative (ie, crossing or reversing) interactions between age and race. That is, age-specific incidence rates overall (expressed as number of breast cancers per 100 000 woman-years) were higher among black women (15.5) than among white women (13.1) younger than 40 years (difference = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4 to 2.4), and then, age-specific rates crossed with rates higher among white women (281.3) than among black women (239.5) aged 40 years or older (difference = 41.8, 95% CI = 41.7 to 41.9). The black-to-white incidence rate crossover was observed for all tumor characteristics assessed, although the crossover occurred at earlier ages of diagnosis for low-risk tumor characteristics than for high-risk tumor characteristics. The incidence rate crossover between ethnic groups was robust (ie, reliable and reproducible) to adjustment for calendar period and birth cohort effects in age–period–cohort models (P < .001 for difference by race). Although this ecologic study cannot determine the individual-level factors responsible for the racial crossover in vital rates, it confirms that the age-related crossover in breast cancer incidence rates between black and white ethnic groups is a robust age-specific effect that is independent of period and cohort effects.
Calcineurin regulates endothelial barrier function by interaction with and dephosphorylation of myosin phosphatase
Authors: Bernadett Kolozsvári, Éva Bakó, Bálint Bécsi, Andrea Kiss, Ágnes Czikora, Attila Tóth, György Vámosi, Pál Gergely, Ferenc Erdődi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

AimsCalcineurin (CN) influences myosin phosphorylation and alters endothelial barrier function; however, the molecular mechanism is still obscure. Here we examine whether CN controls myosin phosphorylation via mediating the phosphorylation state of Thr696 in myosin phosphatase (MP) target subunit 1 (MYPT1), the phosphorylation site inhibitory to the catalytic activity of MP.
Intranasal Immunotherapy with Polymerized Grass Pollen Allergens
Authors: M. J. Schumacher, M. C. F. Pain
Journal: Allergy (1982)

The effect of immunotherapy by intranasal insulflation a of Lolium perenne allergens modified with glutaraldehyde (Glu‐Rye) was tested by a stratified placebo‐controlled trial in 16 adult subjects with hay fever. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether the treatment could reduce nasal sensitivity to allergen in provocation tests. Modification of the allergen was shown to include polymerization and reduced allergenicity, but retained immunogenicity. Nasal sensitivity to unmodified L. perenne allergens was measured by threshold‐type quantitative nasal challenge and posterior rhinometry for measurement of nasal airway resistance. In challenge tests after a 10‐week course of intranasal preseasonal treatment with Glu‐Rye, nasal sensitivity was reduced, but this effect was not maintained when testing was repeated 9 months after treatment. Post‐seasonal serum levels of IgE antibodies to L. perenne were also not significantly affected by the treatment.
Novel Combination Product Captisol-Enabled® Budesonide + Azelastine HCl Provides Fast, Long-lasting Relief of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms (Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) and Individual Nasal Symptoms Scores (NSS)) in Ragweed Allergic Patients Studied in an Environmental Exposure Chamber (EEC) Model
Authors: A. Salapatek, P. D'Angelo, M. Bates, D. Patel, P. Patel, J. Pipkin, R. Zimmerer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Activator Protein 2α Mediates Parathyroid TGF-α Self-Induction in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Maria Vittoria Arcidiacono, Mario Cozzolino, Noah Spiegel, Masanori Tokumoto, Jing Yang, Yan Lu, Tetsuhiko Sato, Carlo Lomonte, Carlo Basile, Eduardo Slatopolsky, Adriana S. Dusso
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

In secondary hyperparathyroidism, enhanced expression of TGF-alpha in the parathyroid leads to its own upregulation, generating a feed-forward loop for TGF-alpha activation of its receptor, EGFR receptor (EGFR), which promotes parathyroid hyperplasia. These studies examined the role of activator protein 2alpha (AP2), an inducer of TGF-alpha gene transcription, in the upregulation of parathyroid TGF-alpha in secondary hyperparathyroidism. In rat and human secondary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid AP2 expression strongly correlated with TGF-alpha levels and with the rate of parathyroid growth, as expected. Furthermore, the increases in rat parathyroid content of AP2 and its binding to a consensus AP2 DNA sequence preceded the increase in TGF-alpha induced by high dietary phosphate. More significant, in A431 cells, which provide a model of enhanced TGF-alpha and TGF-alpha self-induction, mutating the core AP2 site of the human TGF-alpha promoter markedly impaired promoter activity induced by endogenous or exogenous TGF-alpha. Important for therapy, in five-sixths nephrectomized rats fed high-phosphate diets, inhibition of parathyroid TGF-alpha self-induction using erlotinib, a highly specific inhibitor of TGF-alpha/EGFR-driven signals, reduced AP2 expression dosage dependently. This suggests that the increases in parathyroid AP2 occur downstream of EGFR activation by TGF-alpha and are required for TGF-alpha self-induction. Indeed, in A431 cells, erlotinib inhibition of TGF-alpha self-induction caused parallel reductions in AP2 expression and nuclear localization, as well as TGF-alpha mRNA and protein levels. In summary, increased AP2 expression and transcriptional activity at the TGF-alpha promoter determine the severity of the hyperplasia driven by parathyroid TGF-alpha self-upregulation in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Physiological and genetic analyses of inbred mouse strains with a type I iodothyronine 5' deiodinase deficiency.
Authors: M J Berry, D Grieco, B A Taylor, A L Maia, J D Kieffer, W Beamer, E Glover, A Poland, P R Larsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Inbred mouse strains differ in their capacity to deiodinate iododioxin and iodothyronines, with strains segregating into high or low activity groups. Metabolism of iododioxin occurs via the type I iodothyronine 5'deiodinase (5'DI), one of two enzymes that metabolize thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). Recombinant inbred strains derived from crosses between high and low activity strains exhibit segregation characteristic of a single allele difference. Hepatic and renal 5'DI mRNA in a high (C57BL/6J) and low (C3H/HeJ) strain paralleled enzyme activity and concentration, in agreement with a recent report. 5'DI-deficient mice had twofold higher serum free T4 but normal free T3 and thyrotropin. Brown adipose tissue 5'DII was invariant between the two strains. Southern analyses using a 5'DI probe identified a restriction fragment length variant that segregated with 5'DI activity in 33 of 35 recombinant inbred strains derived from four different pairs of high and low activity parental strains. Recombination frequencies using previously mapped loci allowed assignment of the 5'DI gene to mouse chromosome 4 and identified its approximate chromosomal position. We propose the symbol Dio1 to denote the mouse 5'DI gene. Conserved linkage between this segment of mouse chromosome 4 and human HSA1p predicts this location for human Dio1.
New DNA Sequencing Methods
Authors: Andre Marziali, Mark Akeson
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2001)

▪ Abstract The Human Genome Project and other major genomic sequencing projects have pushed the development of sequencing technology. In the past six years alone, instrument throughput has increased 15-fold. New technologies are now on the horizon that could yield massive increases in our capacity for de novo DNA sequencing. This review presents a summary of state-of-the-art technologies for genomic sequencing and describes technologies that may be candidates for the next generation of DNA sequencing instruments.