tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Routine Examination of Newborn Infants for Congenital Dislocated Hips
Authors: E. Raymond Goodrich
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Examination of the hip in the newborn, if performed by orthopedic surgeons, will essentially eliminate serious sequelae of congenital dislocation. The results of five years of such examinations performed in a Community Hospital are presented. It has been the impression of orthopedic surgeons for many years that congenital dislocation of the hip would cease to be a major problem if this diagnosis could be made at birth and immediatly treated. It is, therefore, in our opinion, the obligation of the orthopedic surgeon to perform this examination of the newborn.<sup>1</sup> This program was instituted at Huntington Hospital, a local community hospital, and 12,010 newborn infants were examined by the orthopedic attending staff between May 15, 1967, and May 15, 1972. <h3>Methods.—</h3> It was the opinion from the start that medical participation in the program should be voluntary and that the statistics obtained should not be made part
UK is seeing "massive" rise in campaigns against plain packets for cigarettes, say health activists
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The tobacco industry and its affiliates have stepped up their lobbying in the United Kingdom against proposals to introduce standardised plain packaging on cigarettes and other tobacco products, say health campaigners and industry observers.

The rise in campaigning against plain packaging since the Department of Health launched its consultation in April has been “massive,” said Andrew Rowell, a research fellow at the University of Bath. He added, “There has been a huge amount of lobbying by industry, both direct and indirect. It is reaching a crescendo to coincide with the end of the consultation.”

The health department launched a consultation in April on whether tobacco products should be sold in standardised packaging.1 Packaging would be a standard colour with no branding, and text would be in a standard font. The consultation was due to end on 10 July but was extended for …
Enalapril, Pregnancy, and Package Circulars
Authors: Janet E. Rush
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1988Enalapril, Pregnancy, and Package CircularsJanet E. Rush, MDJanet E. Rush, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-11-926 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Lindheimer and Barron (1) have described the potential risk to the fetus exposed to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in utero. As a result of reports of the development of renal impairment in neonates who had been exposed in utero to enalapril, Merck Sharpe & Dohme has been working with the Food and Drug Administration to develop labeling that would appropriately describe the potential risk. I am pleased to report that language has been developed and is expected to be incorporated into all package circulars for ACE-inhibitors as quickly as possible....Reference1. LindheimerBarron MW. Enalapril and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:911. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySuccessful pregnancy with scleroderma renal disease and pulmonary hypertension in a patient using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 1 December 1988Volume 109, Issue 11Page: 926-927KeywordsACE inhibitorsAngiotensin converting enzymeFetusesFood and Drug AdministrationInfantsPregnancyRisk management Issue Published: 1 December 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Information on Treatment INDs as They Become Available to the Practitioner
Authors: Frank E. Young
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The Food and Drug Administration has initiated a new system for making available certain investigational drugs—for the treatment of desperately ill patients for whom there is no effective alternative therapy—prior to their approval for marketing. This system and the process involved in identifying and designating those drugs as "Treatment INDs" have been described previously.<sup>1</sup>As these drugs for certain patients with serious or life-threatening diseases become more available under the Treatment IND process, it is important for the Food and Drug Administration to directly inform the practitioner about the drugs and about the treatment protocols under which they may be used. Most important for physicians who may want to pursue use of one of these drugs for their patients is the need to provide and publicize a contact (eg, a telephone source) for further information on each drug, especially information on matters such as patient selection criteria and where
Abstract 4756: Exome sequencing of 81 neuroblastomas identifies a wide diversity of somatic mutation
Authors: Trevor J. Pugh, Michael Lawrence, Carrie Sougnez, Gad Getz, Edward Attiyeh, Michael Hogarty, Sharon Diskin, Mosse Yael, Maura Diamond, Shahab Asgharzadeh, Richard Sposto, Jun S. Wei, Thomas Badgett, Wendy B. London, Julie Gastier-Foster, Malcolm A. Smith, Daniela S. Gerhard, Robert Seeger, Javed Khan, Matthew L. Meyerson, John M. Maris
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a cancer arising from the peripheral nervous system and is the most common solid tumor outside the brain in infants and children. Despite improved treatment over the past 20 years, only 45% of those with high-risk disease survive emphasizing the need for new molecular targets for therapy. To identify genetic mutations that encode such targets, we present an analysis of 162 whole exome sequences from 81 tumor/normal pairs from high-risk NBL patients (N=27 with MYCN amplification). From each sample, genomic DNA fragments encoding 185,961 exons from 18,380 genes were isolated using in-solution hybrid capture and sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform to a median of 195X coverage. A wide diversity of somatic variation was observed with non-silent mutation counts ranging from 5 to 149 per tumor (median=24). Novel hyper-mutation phenotypes (&amp;gt; 125 candidate coding somatic mutations) were observed in four tumors including one case with both a deletion and a truncating mutation in MLH1. Several genes were mutated across the set at a statistically significant level including ALK (6 tumors, q=0.006) and PTPN11 (3 tumors, q=0.012). There are 27 other genes with candidate mutation frequencies in the 4-10% range, but no single gene identified to date with a mutation frequency &amp;gt;10%. Importantly, multiple paired blood samples (acquired at diagnosis) have sufficient numbers of circulating tumor DNA to potentially interfere with our SNV detection algorithm; refinement of the analytic pipeline using SNP-derived “contamination” metrics is ongoing. We anticipate validating candidate somatic candidates using an orthogonal genotyping method and further defining their true frequency in an expanded sample set that includes non-high-risk cases as well. Finally, we plan a concerted effort to catalogue potentially detrimental germline variations in order to further extend our understanding of the heritable component of NBL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4756. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4756
Fate of Two-Year Medical Schools
Authors: Henry M. Parrish
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to Dr. Glen R. Leymaster's excellent article, "Difficult Choices for Two-Year Medical Schools," which appeared in the Nov 20, 1972, issue ofThe Journal, I submit the following comments. I concur with the author that freestanding, two-year medical schools are in serious trouble. They face the dilemma of converting to MD-degree-granting programs, withering away, or seeking other acceptable ways to remain viable. What are the alternatives available to two-year medical schools? Are they acceptable to the institutions, their governing boards, and their supporters? The most obvious solution is to convert to an MD-degree-granting program. This would require an increase in institutional support from state or private sources, or both. The development of a traditional medical school with a university hospital is very expensive. However, it is possible to develop a "school without walls" by utilizing existing hospitals and resources for training medical students. With the
AN AUTOMATED TECHNIQUE FOR VOLUMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE BRAIN AND INTRACRANIAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SPACES: APPLICATION IN NEUROIMAGING
Authors: P Jolles, D Horwich, M Kohn, S Berkowitz, J Chawluk, A Zimmerman, A Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Jolles, P.; Horwich, D.; Kohn, M.; Berkowitz, S.; Chawluk, J.; Zimmerman, R.; Alavi, A. Author Information
Reduced lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with advanced or disseminated melanoma
Authors: Giuseppe Cartei, Pier Guido Sala, Mariella Sanzari, Valentina Ceschia, Luigi Clocchiatti, Angela Sibau, Silvio Donà, Mariella Giovannoni, Enrico Vigevani
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1993)
Staying well has to be the main goal
Authors: I. M. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I was heartened to read Rebecca Lawrence’s patient journey and admire her courage in being open about her illness.1 I hope that this will help others to do the same if they need to, because stigma and guilt or shame can be two sides of the same coin.

However, I was dismayed by the sentence in the clinician’s perspective that: “Once …
The role of innate immunity in asthma: leads and lessons from mouse models
Authors: N. W. J. Schröder, M. Maurer
Journal: Allergy (2007)

According to the Hygiene Hypothesis, respiratory infections should protect individuals from allergic diseases including asthma, but epidemiologic data on the role of infections or exposure to microbial compounds in asthma are contradictory. Meanwhile, a number of murine models of airway sensitization are available facilitating the elucidation of pathways involved in asthma pathogenesis. Such studies have linked antigen presentation by activated pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) with airway sensitization. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), which play a major role in innate immunity by sensing various microbial compounds, are expressed on DCs, as well as on mast cells (MCs). Activation of TLRs by administration of specific bacterial ligands, in particular lipopolysaccharide, can augment airway sensitization in mice, and there is evidence that this process involves TLR‐dependent activation of DCs. Intriguingly, viral infection has been shown to increase airway inflammation in a murine asthma model via activation of DCs as well. TLR‐4‐dependent stimulation of MCs may also play a role in allergic sensitization in mice, and in vitro studies in murine cells show that ligation of TLRs expressed on MCs enhances degranulation. Therefore, evidence obtained from studies on mice indicates that innate immune responses may promote, rather than protect from, the development as well as the exacerbation of asthma.
Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Clinical Trials for Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Paul R. Marantz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

There are no uniform diagnostic criteria for congestive heart failure. To determine the pattern of diagnostic criteria used, reports of 51 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical drug trials published between 1977 and 1985 were reviewed. Only 23 (45%) of the trials specified objective diagnostic criteria beyond treatment history, clinical diagnosis, or functional class. Of these, there were two trials each for digoxin, hydralazine, amrinone, and metoprolol; for each pair, only one study showed therapy beneficial. Of the amrinone pair, the positive study required a lower ejection fraction ( < 30% compared with < 45%) and selected patients with more clinical severity. Conversely, for metoprolol, the positive study specified a higher ejection fraction ( < 49% compared with < 35%) and selected patients with clinically milder disease, suggesting that conflicting results may relate to differences in study population. Many studies of congestive heart failure are done without explicit diagnostic criteria. Criteria lack uniformity, and such discrepancies may explain conflicting results.
The human herpesvirus 8 chemokine receptor vGPCR triggers autonomous proliferation of endothelial cells
Authors: M. G. Grisotto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

We have used a novel conditional transgenic system to study the mechanisms of angioproliferation induced by viral G protein–coupled receptor (vGPCR), the constitutively active chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus). Using this system, we were able to control temporal expression of vGPCR and to monitor its expression in situ via the use of the surrogate marker LacZ. Upon treatment with doxycycline (DOX), cells expressing vGPCR and LacZ (vGPCR/LacZ+ cells) progressively accumulated in areas where angioproliferation was observed. Sorted vGPCR/LacZ+ cells from angiogenic lesions expressed markers characteristic of endothelial progenitor cells, produced angiogenic factors, and proliferated in vitro. Prolonged treatment of transgenic mice with DOX led to development of tumors in the skin of ears, tail, nose, and paws. vGPCR/LacZ+ cells were frequent in early lesions but scarce within these tumors. Finally, transfer of vGPCR/LacZ+ cells into Rag1–/– mice treated with DOX led to angioproliferation and, with time, to development of tumors containing both vGPCR/LacZ+ and vGPCR/LacZ– cells. Taken together, these results indicate that vGPCR triggers angioproliferation directly and suggest a novel role for this molecule in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma.
French surgeons call off strike action
Authors: Brad Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The 2000 French surgeons intending to seek refuge in London in September to avoid being forced back to work during a strike in France aborted their plans last week after a settlement was reached with the government.

Since June, a surgeons union called Chirurgiens de France has been urging surgeons to sign up for a return trip to London for a week, starting 31 August, to avoid being forced back to work during proposed strike action. The 2000 reservations were made will not be reimbursed.

“The surgeons have taken into account the measures to be taken regarding the training of young surgeons, …
Abstract 3356: A controversial study on well reported liver cancer stem cell marker
Authors: Ching-Huai Ko, Hsiang-Wen Tseng, Ting-Shou Chen, Wei-Hsin Wang, Mai-Wei Lin, Chin-Pen Lai, Chun-Chung Wang, Chung-Yuan Sun, Shih-Heng Tseng, Jen-Ming Li, Ting-Yu Chou, Ling-Mei Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent studies suggest that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) could be linked with patients’ survival. The ability of cancers to grow indefinitely has fueled the idea that cancer and stem cells may have common underlying mechanisms. It has been suggested that tumors are initiated from cancer stem cells (CSCs) with proliferation potential drives the growth of cancer. CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. However, the suggested cancer stem cell markers in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells are variable and confused. In this study, we profiled some of the most reported CSC markers, including CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD90, CD24, c-kit, global-H and stemness genes in eight human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Through specific marker expressed cell sorting by FACs aria or magnetic beads, the CSC associated drug resistance and tumorigenicity were further evaluated. However, there is no obvious difference among parental group, marker-positive group and marker-negative group in these CSC characteristics evaluated. It seems no good correlation between reported markers in liver cancer stem cells. Therefore, presence of markers alone should be taken with caution as single prognostic parameters. Through harsh culture condition, spheroid cell grew and had been isolated, which perform CSC-like properties. Moreover, forced activation of an ESC-like gene expression program can reprogram HCC cells into CSC-like cells and achieve pathologic self-renewal. The ability to create induced cancer stem cells (iCSC) may provide opportunities to better define the biology of cancer stem cells in order to trace or eliminate them in human patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3356.
Resiniferatoxin binding to vanilloid receptors in guinea pig and human airways.
Authors: A Szallasi, C Goso, S Manzini
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We have used the [3H]resiniferatoxin (RTX) binding assay to characterize for the first time a vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor in tracheobronchial tissues of the guinea pig. Membranes obtained from the trachea and the main bronchi bound RTX with an affinity of 1 nM; the cooperativity index was close to unity, indicating noncooperative binding. Specific [3H]RTX binding was fully inhibited by capsaicin (Ki = 500 nM) and capsazepine (Ki = 100 nM), but it was not inhibited at all by the inactive RTX structural analog resiniferonol 9, 13, 14-orthophenylacetate (10 microM), confirming the specificity of the binding. Neither was RTX binding inhibited by the functional vanilloid antagonist ruthenium red (100 microM). The density of specific RTX binding sites was similar in the trachea (Bmax = 150 fmol/mg protein) and the bronchi (Bmax = 170 fmol/mg protein). In keeping with the marked resistance of hamsters to capsaicin actions, no specific RTX binding could be detected in the airways of this species. By contrast, we have been able to demonstrate specific RTX binding sites in human bronchi: the estimated affinity for RTX, 2 nM, was similar to that (7 nM) determined in guinea pig bronchi. We conclude that (1) the [3H]RTX binding assay affords a novel biochemical marker for vanilloid-sensitive nerves in the airways, and (2) this binding assay may be a useful tool to explore species-related differences in the expression and pharmacologic profile of vanilloid receptors in the airways.
Abstract 1011: NNK promotes migration and invasion of cancer cells through activation of c-Src, PKCι and FAK loop
Authors: Jie Shen, Lijun Xu, Shi-Yong Sun, Fadlo Khuri, Xingming Deng
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cigarette smoking, either active or passive, is the most important risk factor in the development of human lung cancer. Mounting evidence indicates that cigarette smoke constituents not only contribute to tumorigenesis but also may increase the spread of cancer in the body. Nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is formed by nitrosation of nicotine and has been identified as the most potent carcinogen. NNK, an important component in cigarette smoke, may also promote tumor metastasis by regulating cell motility. Here we found that NNK can induce activation of a functionally interdependent protein kinase cascade, including c-Src, PKCι and FAK, in association with increased migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells. c-Src, PKCι and FAK are extensively co-localized in the cytoplasm. Treatment of cells with α7 nAChR specific inhibitor α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) blocks NNK-stimulated activation of c-Src, PKCι and FAK and suppresses cell migration and invasion. Intriguingly, NNK enhances c-Src/PKCι and PKCι/FAK bindings, indicating a potential mechanism by which these kinases activate each other. Specific disruption of c-Src, PKCι or FAK expression by RNA interference significantly reduces NNK-induced cell migration and invasion. These findings suggest that NNK-induced migration and invasion may occur in a mechanism through activation of a c-Src/PKCι/ FAK loop, which can contribute to metastasis and/or development of human lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1011. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1011
A Case of Gastro-Enterostomy for Cancerous Obstruction of the Pylorus
Authors: T. H. Morse
Journal: BMJ (1886)

the vessels in ,the stump separately.Hwinorrhage has, proved a fpF,mridable danger in many instances, whether ii tr'aK' extra-erito6ne'.Th& chief objections to the extra-peritoneallethod are thegrea'er 11ability to septic assor tion, h.Tmorrhaga, lhe too early.sepa^atti9n of tI4e clamp;, ,and the much greater detiln the healiug of ffe Vound 4id' subsequent, convalescence.This latter pbjqction, though Diot SQ imipiortaut as the former ones, is yet a factor in the considera- tion.b't regards the causes of death, putting aside such runforeseen acc- dq4t.,astetanus, hTemorrhage, too early' psratio'n of cIamp, etc., I ink nearly all the deaths will be found to be daue to septicemia in one of its 'many manuifstations.;Tle symptoms which are most prominient in, inditidual cases vary exceedingfy.In one p4tieut, as r.1geIth recently remarked, death seemed to crn;lmenee 'lmmediatety r0om,the operation, and to go on uninterruptedlyl; I c(1 tW mind twaocases as illustrating tbe inequality or 'irregularity of the, sym- ptiqns.C4sF i.-Mrs.D. lived five days.The pulse 'and temperature wNre norunal till a few hours before 4eath.S a incessant vomit- and suspension of flatus from the time of operatlon.She was sure, almost to 'the last, that she wa, going; ,n well ", but, for the sickness."'CASE II,-Mi0Ss t. had no vomiting, and flatus passQd.rreely but dEten onon 'n to forty-eigt hours, with raised temperature and amed onintepeatrean,rt-espk we shall, ere long, forego using the term "surgical, fever," a41 apply to the condition long known under that head the uame of 8tliCfever, or some such wor , having a precise patholegical ,meaning.That there need be no pyrexia or fever'after a surgical opera,ion is often seen by all ; I had an illustration of it last weef..''removed a' large ,myoma by hysterectomy, including the uterus, ovaries, and tubes.The patient ha's not haa a symptom to cause the slihtest 34iety, :nd her pulse and temperature have not once touchej 100.e was a case of sufficieut magnitude to have.caused considerable 'squrgical" fever; but as there was no septicanmia throughout, so there WAO no fever.