tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advanced trauma life support care.
Authors: W. F. De Mello, J. Restall
Journal: BMJ (1992)

drugs.A prostaglandin E1 analogue reverses the deleterious effect of giving corticosteroid, as we previously showed for indomethacin.Piper et al concluded that their study might have missed an effect of corticosteroids alone on peptic ulcer disease as less than 8% of the patients they studied were taking doses of over 30 mg/day.Though we do not yet have data from humans, particularly on the rate of regenerative repair of peptic ulcers during treatment with corticosteroid, we do not believe that a clinically relevant effect of these drugs on human peptic ulcer disease in the absence of concomitant non-steroidal anti- inflammatory treatment has yet been ruled out.On this, as on the potential protective effects of prostaglandins and acid reducing agents, insufficient data are available.
Update in Pulmonary Infections 2012
Authors: Jordi Rello, Jean Chastre
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Despite ongoing efforts to prevent and combat communityand hospital-acquired infections, pneumonia remains a common challenge that consumes substantial resources. In this update, we highlight studies published in the Journal in 2012 and selectedmanuscripts from other journals that advanced our understanding of experimental and clinical aspects of pulmonary infections. Some of the results of these studies have been previously reported in the form of an abstract (1–4). Tuberculosis and cystic fibrosis are addressed in separate updates and not covered herein.
Haemophilia patient had variant CJD agent in spleen
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A postmortem of a 70 year old patient with haemophilia has shown that he had the abnormal prion protein for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) in his spleen. It is the first time the vCJD agent has been found in a patient with haemophilia or anyone treated with a plasma product.

The patient’s death was unrelated to vCJD, and he had no symptoms of the disease or any other neurological condition before his death. However, the …
Preliminary Report ON THE INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC AT BRAMSHOTT IN SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1918
Authors: C. E. C. Cole
Journal: BMJ (1918)

but a crudely empirical system of propllylaxis.The recent researches of Sir Ronald Ros3 and of Dr. Brownlee illus- trate the importance of numerical epidemiology, and the final solution of the influenza problem will only be ob- tained by the harnmonious co-operationi of epidemiologists aIid bacteriologists.
Therapeutic efficacy of FTY720 in a rat model of NK-cell leukemia
Authors: Aijun Liao, Kathleen Broeg, Todd Fox, Su-Fern Tan, Rebecca Watters, Mithun Vinod Shah, Lucy Q. Zhang, Yongping Li, Lindsay Ryland, Jun Yang, Cesar Aliaga, Alden Dewey, Andrew Rogers, Kelly Loughran, Leah Hirsch, Nancy Ruth Jarbadan, Kendall Thomas Baab, Jason Liao, Hong-Gang Wang, Mark Kester, Dhimant Desai, Shantu Amin, Thomas P. Loughran, Xin Liu
Journal: Blood (2011)
Wanless report sparks debate on funding of health service
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2001)

NHS leaders are seeking to scale down public and political expectations of how fast the health service can turn extra cash into tangible improvements as the debate on funding gets under way.

Doctors, managers, and policy makers all warned that it may take many years before results emerge from the extra £1bn ($1.4bn) for 2002–3 and continued long term increases for the NHS, announced by Chancellor Gordon Brown last week.

They were anxious to ensure that the slow pace of change did not undermine commitment to an …
Antiperistaltic Agents Contraindicated in Pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: Saeed Ahmad
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  A recent report describing a fatal case of pseudomembranous colitis (242:749, 1979) warrants further comments. Antiperistaltic agents such as opiates and diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine sulfate (Lomotil) should not be used in pseudomembranous colitis, as these drugs prolong and worsen this condition by retarding the clearance of clostridial toxin in the stool.  There are reports in the literature indicating a worse prognosis in patients with pseudomembranous colitis who are given the diphenoxylate and atropine mixture. I strongly believe that use of this drug had a bearing in the fatal outcome of the case in the aforementioned article.  Finally, it should be stressed that there is no place for corticosteroids or corticotropin in the treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis. Because of the wide use of the mixture of diphenoxylate and atropine, heightened clinical awareness of its contraindication in pseudomembranous colitis is important.
Epiphenomenology and the gallbladder: Several examples
Authors: Mary E. Charlson
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

It has been suggested that gallbladder removal may protect against subsequent development of myocardial infarction because of increased gastrointestinal cholesterol excretion resulting from increased enterohepatic cycling. To test this hypothesis, the authors used data from two large case-control studies of myocardial infarction--one conducted in 1976-1979 in 155 US hospitals and one conducted in 1980-1983 in 78 US hospitals. First, 550 female myocardial infarction cases were compared to 1,658 controls. Simultaneously adjusting for possible confounding variables using logistic regression, the odds ratio for development of a myocardial infarction subsequent to cholecystectomy was 0.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.1). Second, 1,511 male myocardial infarction cases were compared to 3,837 controls. With similar adjustments, the odds ratio was 0.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.2). The risk did not decline as the interval following cholecystectomy increased. The present data are compatible with a protective effect of cholecystectomy on the risk of subsequent myocardial infarction, but they are not conclusive. This study was undertaken to assess possible modifications of the proliferative activity of co-Ionic mucosa, which could be related to a suggested cancer-promoting role of cholecystectomy. The mitotic index (number of mitoses per 1000 gland cells) was evaluated in the colonic mucosa of 14 healthy subjects, 11 patients with cholelithiasis, before and 6 months after surgery, and 10 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy 2 or more years previously. The mitotic index of cholecystectomized patients was significantly higher than controls. It rose significantly within 6 months of cholecystectomy. The mitotic index of patients with cholelithiasis before surgery was similar to controls. These data suggest that cholecystectomy is followed by an enhancement in the proliferative activity of the colonic mucosa, which could play a cancer-promoting role.
New Zealand moves to ban direct advertising of drugs
Authors: B. Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

New Zealand's health minister, Annette King, will seek final approval from the cabinet later this month for the adoption of common standards with Australia on drug marketing, as a way of instituting a ban on advertising prescription only drugs directly to consumers.

New Zealand medical and consumer groups have cautiously welcomed the move as likely to result in the adoption of the Australian standard, which bans such advertising of prescription drugs but allows general campaigns raising awareness of disease.

After a pre-Christmas Cabinet meeting, a brief press release by Ms King said that she had been authorised to …
Trials of AIDS vaccine to start in Switzerland and United Kingdom
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Clinical trials of a new vaccine against HIV, which has infected more than 40 million people worldwide, start in Switzerland and the United Kingdom in June.

Dr Jean-Pierre Kraehenbuhl, vice president of EuroVacc, the foundation organising the trials, said two vaccines would be tested: DNA-C, developed by Professor Hans Wolf of the University of Regensburg, Germany, and its booster, NYVAC, developed by the French pharmaceutical company Aventis.

Dr Kraehenbuhl said that about 160 healthy volunteers—half in London and half in the Swiss city of Lausanne, where EuroVacc is based—will test the vaccine …
Anatomical substrates for cerebellar computational units and cerebellar magnification factors
Authors: Jan G. Bjaalie, Per Brodal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

We discuss anatomical data that may represent the substrate for very diverse input to a single folium, indirectly supporting the notion of a laterolateral beam spreading along the long axis of a folium. We also raise the question of whether the more linear body representation in somatosensory cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways represent an adaptation to sequential processing of information from contiguous body parts.
Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Is a Growth Regulatory Mediator of Tissue Injury Recovery
Authors: Juha P Laurila, Maria D Castellone, Antonio Curcio, Lilja E Laatikainen, Merja Haaparanta-Solin, Tove J Gronroos, Paivi Marjamaki, Satu Martikainen, Massimo Santoro, Mikko O Laukkanen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) gene therapy has been shown to attenuate tissue damages and to improve the recovery of the tissue injuries, but the cellular events delivering the therapeutic response of the enzyme are not well defined. In the current work, we overexpressed SOD3 in rat hindlimb ischemia model to study the signal transduction and injury healing following the sod3 gene transfer. The data suggest a novel sod3 gene transfer–derived signal transduction cascade through Ras-Mek-Erk mitogenic pathway leading to activation of AP1 and CRE transcription factors, increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and cyclin D1 expression, increased cell proliferation, and consequently improved metabolic functionality of the injured tissue. Increased cell proliferation could explain the improved metabolic performance and the healing of the tissue damages after the sod3 gene transfer. The present data is a novel description of the molecular mechanism of SOD3-mediated recovery of tissue injury and suggests a new physiological role for SOD3 as a Ras regulatory molecule in signal transduction. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) gene therapy has been shown to attenuate tissue damages and to improve the recovery of the tissue injuries, but the cellular events delivering the therapeutic response of the enzyme are not well defined. In the current work, we overexpressed SOD3 in rat hindlimb ischemia model to study the signal transduction and injury healing following the sod3 gene transfer. The data suggest a novel sod3 gene transfer–derived signal transduction cascade through Ras-Mek-Erk mitogenic pathway leading to activation of AP1 and CRE transcription factors, increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and cyclin D1 expression, increased cell proliferation, and consequently improved metabolic functionality of the injured tissue. Increased cell proliferation could explain the improved metabolic performance and the healing of the tissue damages after the sod3 gene transfer. The present data is a novel description of the molecular mechanism of SOD3-mediated recovery of tissue injury and suggests a new physiological role for SOD3 as a Ras regulatory molecule in signal transduction.
909-25 Clinical Outcomes of Patients not Undergoing Coronary Artery Revascularization as a Result of Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Gary S. Mintz, Theresa A. Bucher, Kenneth M. Kent, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Jeffrey J. Popma, Kathy Morgan, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Upregulation of ICAM-1 on cardiomyocytes in jeopardized human myocardium during infarction
Authors: H.W.M. Niessen, W.K. Lagrand, C.A. Visser, C.J.L.M. Meijer, C.E. Hack
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Impaired perfusion of the myocardium induces a local inflammatory response. In animal models, there is ample evidence that polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) infiltrating infarcted myocardium contribute significantly to infarct size. Methods: To explore a possible role for PMNs in the tissue damage of human myocardial infarction, we investigated localization of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CD66b (previously clustered as CD67), a marker of degranulation of human PMNs, in relation to deposition of complement in tissue specimens of infarcted and healthy parts of the heart obtained from 20 patients, who had died following acute myocardial infarction. Results: ICAM-1 was transiently expressed by endothelium and for a longer period (few days) on myofibers of infarcted myocardium. This expression only occurred in parts that stained positive for complement. PMN infiltration exclusively occurred in areas with ICAM-1 expression, but not every ICAM-1-positive area contained PMN infiltrates. CD66b was found in PMNs but was also fixed to the plasma membrane of myofibers that stained positive for complement and ICAM-1. Conclusion: These findings indicate that, in infarcted human myocardium, PMNs are degranulated, possibly upon interaction with ICAM-1 and activated complement.
Cerebellopontine Angle Schwannoma on C-11 Acetate PET/CT
Authors: Sang Mi Lee, Tae-Sung Kim, Seok-Ki Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A case of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) schwannoma is reported with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) PET and C-11 acetate PET findings. A 10-year-old patient with a CPA schwannoma had a continuous headache after the tumor removal. Follow-up brain MRI showed tumor recurrence in the left occipital lobe, and F-18 FDG PET images revealed low FDG accumulation in the recurrent mass lesion. However, C-11 acetate PET images showed focally increased C-11 acetate accumulation in the same lesion. This case illustrates the characteristic F-18 FDG PET and C-11 acetate PET findings of a recurrent CPA schwannoma.
When the coughing had to stop
Authors: J. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Early October was dreadful for respirtory infections. When one child's cough exploded in my face as I was examining him I knew that the bug had my number on it. By the end of the week I had developed a vague sniffle, a vague sore throat, a malaise. I sent apologies to a committee meeting, opened a bottle of red wine, and hoped that a weekend of country air would encourage my immune system to see off the lurking pathogen. On Monday I awoke with a cough and I knew that I had lost. It was not an ordinary cough, either. It came in uncontrollable paroxysms from deep in my chest. It shook my body, strained my ribcage and pelvic floor, made sleep impossible. My trachea felt as though it was being scoured by a wire bottle brush.

After a week I telephoned the microbiologist to find out what bugs were around. He listened to the cough and asked whether I had been immunised against pertussis. I did not know, but had had it as a child, along with my younger sister. I …
Improving notification rates for tuberculosis
Authors: J S Brown, F Wells, G Duckworth, E A Paul, N C Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1995)

the dosage of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and ejection fraction, blood pressure, peak oxygen consumption, or serum concentrations of urea and electrolytes.There was a good correlation between the two scales of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (rt0-86, P<0-001).
Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamic effects of molsidomine in rats with CCL4 induced cirrhosis
Authors: H. Desmorat, J.P. Vinel, O. Lalhou, B. pioy, Ph. Badia, P. Calés, J.M. Combis, M.C. Souqual, J.P. Pascal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
The future for histopathology: protectionism or prudence?
Authors: T G Ashworth
Journal: BMJ (1994)

patient from between the pews of a church while the service continues around them.This is a series in which humour and common sense help to make it a pleasure to watch.It gives a unique insight into the medical, physical, and emotional challenge that paramedics have to face.It is also an intriguing look into the personal lives and attitudes of the whole spectrum of society.Whatever the occasion, the paramedics treat it with the same outward care and concern.Although frustrated by ridiculous situations and inappropriate calls, they keep up a professional public appearance and maintain a sense of humour.There is a feeling of team spirit and unity among the paramedics themselves as well as in their relationships with hospital staff.
Letter: abortion (Amendment) Bill.
Authors: H C McLaren
Journal: BMJ (1975)

tumour, and this was significantly different (X2 with Yates's correction = 11-18, P<0001) from histopathologically reactive pa,tients.Though it is too soon to assess our results in terms of patients' survival, we would like to suggest that histopa,thological analysis of tumour and lymph nodes might provide an alternative when skin testing is not feasible.-We are, etc.,
Two Cheers for Hypertension
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1979)

FOR THE past 50 years, serious research has been done on hypertension. It has taken some of us at least 25 years to persuade physicians, the government, and the public that hypertension is important. We have also known of several reasonably good treatments for approximately 25 years, a brief history of which I have written.<sup>1</sup>And now for the last decade, there have been three cheers for a few investigators and government officials and two for the rest of us. I do not believe we have yet earned the last cheer. And why not? Because a few of us were reared in the old-fashioned school of skeptical science, tempered with cautious enthusiasm, that currently is unpopular with government, the media, and those in public relations. True enough, our stodgy, doubting, often contentious pattern tended to keep us on the straight and narrow without inhibiting the fruition of the Golden Age
Radioiodine Therapy for Thyroid Cancer Depicted Uterine Leiomyoma
Authors: Kenji Hirata, Tohru Shiga, Kanako C. Kubota, Shozo Okamoto, Tomohito Kamibayashi, Nagara Tamaki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 55-year-old woman underwent radioiodine therapy for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Post-therapeutic I-131 scan revealed radioiodine uptake in the pelvic region and in the thyroid bed. CT revealed a huge mass connected to the uterus. The tumor was operated on and histologically proven to be a leiomyoma of the uterus. Some physiological conditions or nonthyroidal diseases can cause false positives in patients with postoperative thyroid cancer. We suggest that uterine leiomyoma might be added to the pitfall list, although the mechanism of I-131 uptake remains unclear.
Chest pain in patients with normal coronary arteriograms.
Authors: S Brandon
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The old question, "Will it make me live longer, doctor ?" may produce the candid reply, "Yes, maybe, but it will certainly seem longer."In the Australian National Blood Pressure Study a grand total of 1721 patients had to be treated for four years to prevent only 10 deaths.4As increasing numbers of people with mild hypertension are now being treated we should give careful thought to the adverse effect of treatment on their quality of life before we assume we are doing good.
Perforated Duodenal Ulcer Demonstrated by Biliary Imaging
Authors: DONALD W. BROWN, CATHERINE M. REEVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A 42-year-old man with a history of multiple diseases, including peptic ulcer, developed acute abdominal pain. A few hours later, biliary imaging with 5 mCi of T.c-99m disofenin was performed through 1 hour. The hepatic and common bile ducts, liver, and gallbladder appeared normal, and ample duodenal drainage was present. Suddenly, at 1 hour, a collection of activity developed in the right lateral gutter extending downward below the liver. At surgery, a large amount of bilestained ascitic fluid was present, and bile was seen to be leaking from the duodenum through a perforated duodenal ulcer.
Raxibacumab for the Treatment of Inhalational Anthrax
Authors: Thi-Sau Migone, G. Mani Subramanian, John Zhong, Letha M. Healey, Al Corey, Matt Devalaraja, Larry Lo, Stephen Ullrich, Janelle Zimmerman, Andrew Chen, Maggie Lewis, Gabriel Meister, Karen Gillum, Daniel Sanford, Jason Mott, Sally D. Bolmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Inhalational anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is associated with high mortality primarily due to toxin-mediated injury. Raxibacumab is a human IgG1λ monoclonal antibody directed against protective antigen, a component of the anthrax toxin.
Does the degree of interference with the renin-angiotensin system influence the response to B-blockade in chronic heart failure? Results of the COPERNICUS study
Authors: Paul Mohacsi, Henry Krum, Jean L. Rouleau, Michael B. Fowler, Hugo A. Katus, Andrew J. Coats, Michal Tendera, Ildiko Amann-Zalan, Ellen B. Roecker, Milton Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Kidnapped British health worker is found murdered in Pakistan
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The brutal murder of Khalil Dale, a British health programme manager with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), who had been kidnapped at the start of the year, has been widely condemned.

Dale was a 60 year old British trained nurse from Dumfries, Scotland, who had been working with the Red Cross for over 30 years. He was originally called Ken but changed his name after converting to Islam.

He had been based in Quetta, in Pakistan’s troubled western province of Baluchistan, for almost a year when he was kidnapped on 5 January near his home.

One of six foreign …
Overdose of trilostane.
Authors: N Barnes, N Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1983)

close observation and to give them antibiotics only on clinical indica- tions.Since 1976 no infants have been found dead or moribund in the postnatal wards.Measurement of the respiratory rate in the way described is the only effective method of observing an infant next to his mother in a dark postnatal ward.It has been acceptable to the nurses and reassuring to the mothers. 1
Fee-for-Time System
Authors: Tom J. Wachtel
Journal: JAMA (1993)

SHOULD physicians be paid for anything but their time? The two prevailing modes of physician reimbursement, fee for service and capitation, do not pay physicians solely for their time; therefore, these modes create financial incentives that may affect physician behavior.<sup>1,2</sup>Salary, the third method of physician payment, is less prevalent in the United States. During the past 50 years, the financial incentives that drive the usual (or prevailing), customary, and reasonable fee-for-service method of physician payment have led to inflated charges with substantial distortions among physician specialties and for various services.<sup>3</sup>The resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) was created for Medicare to establish an alternative, fair, and equitable fee-for-service physician payment system.<sup>4-6</sup>The RBRVS bases physician reimbursement on five factors, or resource inputs, that describe a service. One of these factors is patient contact time. The other factors are preservice and postservice time, intensity per unit of
Doctors' preference for branded version of cholesterol drug costs US healthcare system $700m a year, study shows
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Doctors are too easily persuaded to continue prescribing branded drugs by marketing strategies designed to ensure that they do not switch to cheaper generic versions, a new study says.

Yale University researchers cite Abbott’s marketing of its blockbuster cholesterol lowering drug fenofibrate as a key example of a company’s techniques to extend a drug patent. The first formulation of the drug, which is marketed in the United States as TriCor, came off patent in 2002, but the introduction of new formulations allowed a version of it to remain on patent until 2011.

“This continued use of branded formulations, which cost twice as much as generic versions of fenofibrate, imposes an annual cost of …