tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Different Effect of Scopolamine on Peroral and Subcutaneous Administration
Authors: S. Lomholt
Journal: BMJ (1946)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDI JOURNA1.say whether the experimental results in vitro, in this respect, are applicable to in vivo methods.High concentrations of penicillin were not used in the experi- ments because they would have had to be grossly diluted in order to estimate the amounts present.This dilution would have introduced unnecessary errors into the estimations. SummaryPenicillin is either a non-conductor or a very poor conductor (Experiment 1).It has been impossible, in the conditions described, to demonstrate any movement of penicillin under the influence of an electric current (Experiments 4 and 6).The presence of the products of electrolysis of sodium chloride in the in vitro experiments led to the rapid destruction of penicillin.It is not known how far this observation can be applied to in vivo methods.
Protein rib: a novel group B streptococcal cell surface protein that confers protective immunity and is expressed by most strains causing invasive infections.
Authors: M Stålhammar-Carlemalm, L Stenberg, G Lindahl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The group B Streptococcus, an important cause of invasive infections in the neonate, is classified into four major serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, and III) based on the structure of the polysaccharide capsule. Since the capsule is a known virulence factor, it has been extensively studied, in particular in type III strains, which cause the majority of invasive infections. Two cell surface proteins, alpha and beta, have also been studied in detail since they confer protective immunity, but these proteins are usually not expressed by type III strains. We describe here a cell surface protein, designated protein Rib (resistance to proteases, immunity, group B), that confers protective immunity and is expressed by most strains of type III. Protein Rib was first identified as a distinct 95-kD protein in extracts of a type III strain, and was purified to homogeneity from that strain. Rabbit antiserum to protein Rib was used to demonstrate that it is expressed on the cell surface of 31 out of 33 type III strains, but only on 1 out of 25 strains representing the other three serotypes. Mouse protection tests showed that antiserum to protein Rib protects against lethal infection with three different strains expressing this antigen, including a strain representing a recently identified high virulence type III clone. Protein Rib is immunologically unrelated to the alpha and beta proteins, but shares several features with the alpha protein. Most importantly, the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the Rib and alpha proteins are identical at 6 out of 12 positions. In addition, both protein Rib and the alpha protein are relatively resistant to trypsin (and Rib is also resistant to pepsin) and both proteins vary greatly in size between different clinical isolates. Finally, both protein Rib and the alpha protein exhibit a regular ladderlike pattern in immunoblotting experiments, which may reflect a repetitive structure. Taken together, these data suggest that the Rib and alpha proteins are members of a family of proteins with related structure and function. Since protein Rib confers protective immunity, it may be valuable for the development of a protein vaccine against the group B Streptococcus, an encapsulated bacterium.
Cardiac Pacemaker Function
Authors: Richard J. Lescoe
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  I would question the medical wisdom of having patients use a magnet at home to change their demand pacemaker to the fixed rate (222:1379, 1972).  The first time a physician encounters a ventricular fibrillation in a patient and the patient dies, he is going to be liable not only for wrongful death, but for punitive damages, because of his lack of concern for the patient's safety.  Although my experience is limited, I have had three occasions in which ventricular tachycardia developed while the patient with a fixed rate pacemaker was in the hospital. The first case fortunately occurred while I was in the hospital. The nurses had effected defibrillation by the time I got there, however, the patient again underwent ventricular fibrillation, necessitating turning off the pacemaker, by using the rate control needle. This is the one advantage of regulation of the rate with a unit.  The
DNA Damage, Repair, and Mutation Induction by (+)-<b> <i>Syn</i> </b> and (−)-<b> <i>Anti</i> </b>-Dibenzo[<b> <i>a,l</i> </b>]Pyrene-11,12-Diol-13,14-Epoxides in Mouse Cells
Authors: Jung-Hoon Yoon, Ahmad Besaratinia, Zhaohui Feng, Moon-shong Tang, Shantu Amin, Andreas Luch, Gerd P. Pfeifer
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens. PAHs are classified into bay and fjord region compounds according to structural differences in the molecule region where enzymatic epoxidation occurs. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), one of the fjord region compounds, has been demonstrated to be the most carcinogenic PAH known to date. DB[a,l]P is activated to fjord region (+)-syn and (−)-anti-11,12-dihydroxy-13,14-epoxy-11,12,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]PDE) metabolites. In this study, we analyzed mutagenesis induced by (+)-syn- and (−)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE at the cII transgene in Big-Blue mouse cells. The mutant frequency of untreated cells (background level) was 6.53 × 10−5. This level increased 3.7-fold for 20 nmol/L, 5.3-fold for 50 nmol/L, and 7.9-fold for 100 nmol/L (+)-syn-DB[a,l]PDE, respectively. In the case of (−)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE it increased 4.5-fold for 20 nmol/L, 6.7-fold for 50 nmol/L, and 10.6-fold for 100 nmol/L, respectively, indicating that (−)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE is slightly more mutagenic than (+)-syn-DB[a,l]PDE. The mutational spectra of (+)-syn- and (−)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE were quite similar except for several hotspots, specific for either (+)-syn-DB[a,l]PDE or (−)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE. The most frequently induced mutations were A to T transversions, which were 43.9% for (+)-syn- and 38.8% for (−)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE. In addition, G to T transversions were induced significantly, at frequencies of 18.5% by (+)-syn- and 18.1% by (−)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE. Using UvrABC cleavage and ligation-mediated PCR or the terminal transferase-dependent PCR method, we have determined DB[a,l]PDE-DNA adduct formation sites and repair rates in carcinogen-exposed cells. The mutation hotspots coincided with sites of strong adduct formation, but not all of the adduct hotspots were mutational hotspots. Slow adduct removal occurred for both (+)-syn- and (−)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE adducts over a time period of up to 72 hours. The data suggest that, although the (−)-anti-isomer is slightly more mutagenic, DNA adducts of both DB[a,l]PDE stereoisomers may have similar biological properties. We discuss the implications of these findings for human cancer mutagenesis.
Correction: Advertising in Medical Journals: Should Current Practices Change?
Authors: Adriane Fugh-Berman, Karen Alladin, Jarva Chow
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

In PLoS Medicine, volume 3, issue 6: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030130

Table 2 should have included the following information about the CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal): frequency of publication, twice a month; circulation, 70,000; cost of one-time full-page four-color advertisement, US$4,414 (CAD$4,900); cost per thousand readers exposed, US$63 (CAD$70).
Assessing the Multimodal Management of Advanced Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Pleura in a Routine Practice Setting
Authors: Olivier Bylicki, Damien Rouvière, Philippe Cassier, Lara Chalabreysse, Alice Levard, Jean-Michel Maury, Jacques Margery, Jean-Yves Blay, Julien Mazières, Nicolas Girard
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Yerkes Primate studies yielding clinical fruit, results useful in ophthalmology, behavioral science
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPREAD OF A VITAL DYE IN THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: Robert J. Parsons, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

A method has been devised to measure the spread of vital dyes in the skin of mice. Spread is greatly influenced by physiological and pathological changes which add fluid to the tissue or abstract it. Spread is greater in the quiet, living ear than in the ear of an animal just killed. It is equally considerable in the frankly edematous ears of living and dead animals, and not greater in either case than in normal, quiet tissues. During the early stages of edema formation on the other hand, dye spread is notably rapid. It is still greater in the ears of normal animals actively moving about, and is greatest in tissues subjected to very gently intermittent changes in external pressure. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Phrygian Cap Simulating Mass Lesion in Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: ELEANOR MALONEY SMERGEL, ALAN H. MAURER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Hepatobiliary imaging has been used to demonstrate that defects in the region of the gallbladder fossa in sulfur colloid studies correspond to normal gallbladder and not tumor. We report a case of delayed filling of a portion of the gallbladder due to a Phrygian cap anomaly. The case demonstrates that without delayed images incomplete filling of the gallbladder can be confused with a mass lesion in the liver.
Cross-Reactivity of Anti-CagA Antibodies With Vascular Wall Antigens
Authors: Francesco Franceschi, Antonia R. Sepulveda, Antonio Gasbarrini, Paolo Pola, Nicolò Gentiloni Silveri, Giovanni Gasbarrini, David Y. Graham, Robert M. Genta
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Helicobacter pylori -CagA positive strains have been shown to be associated with atherosclerosis. However, the pathogenesis is still undetermined. The aim of this study was to determine whether anti-CagA antibodies cross-react with antigens of normal and atherosclerotic arteries. Methods and Results — Eight umbilical cord sections, 14 atherosclerotic artery sections, and 10 gastrointestinal tract sections were examined by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal anti-CagA antibodies. Five atherosclerotic and 3 normal artery samples were also lysed in ice-cold lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors and were immunoprecipitated using the same antibodies. Anti-CagA antibodies reacted with cytoplasm and nuclei of smooth muscle cells in umbilical cord and atherosclerotic vessel sections, cytoplasm of fibroblasts-like cells in intimal atherosclerotic plaques, and the cell membranes of endothelial cells. Anti-CagA antibodies also specifically immunoprecipitated 2 high molecular weight antigens of 160 and 180 kDa from both normal and atherosclerotic artery lysates. Conclusions — Anti-CagA antibodies cross-react with antigens of both normal and atherosclerotic blood vessels. We speculate that the binding of anti-CagA antibodies to those antigens in injured arteries could influence the progression of atherosclerosis in CagA-positive H pylori -infected patients.
A comparison between bone reconstruction following the use of mesenchymal stem cells and total bone marrow in association with calcium phosphate scaffold in irradiated bone
Authors: Florent Espitalier, Claire Vinatier, Emmanuelle Lerouxel, Jérôme Guicheux, Paul Pilet, Françoise Moreau, Guy Daculsi, Pierre Weiss, Olivier Malard
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Have You Ever Practiced Medicine?
Authors: Suzanne Dandoy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

"Have you ever<i>practiced</i>medicine?" That same question has been asked of me in many ways since I graduated from medical school 28 years ago. Sometimes the words are "When did you decide to leave medicine and go into public health?" "Do you miss never having practiced medicine?" or "What made you decide to go into public health?" My usual answer to such questions is "I have always practiced medicine. I am practicing my medical specialty just as an anesthesiologist, a surgeon, a pathologist, or a pediatrician practices his or her specialty." But deep down I know that behind the inquiry is a vague sense that the only<i>real</i>physicians are those who see and care for individual patients (even if they're dead patients). Perhaps there is even some condemnation that anyone who does not see patients wastes the money (family's or government's) that was used to support his or
A new agglomerated KSR-592 β-form crystal system for dry powder inhalation formulation to improve inhalation performance in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kazuhiko Ikegami, Yoshiaki Kawashima, Hirofumi Takeuchi, Hiromitsu Yamamoto, Kazuki Mimura, Den-ichi Momose, Kiyohisa Ouchi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2003)
Non-pulmonary infections but not specific pathogens are associated with increased risk of AKI in septic shock
Authors: Manish Sood, Keren Mandelzweig, Claudio Rigatto, Navdeep Tangri, Paul Komenda, Gregory Martinka, Yaseen Arabi, Sean Keenan, Aseem Kumar, Anand Kumar
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in sumo wrestling
Authors: K Goshima, K Kitaoka, Y Shima, J Nakase, R Takahashi, H Tsuchiya
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Sumo is one of the traditional Japanese contact sports. Many sumo wrestlers suffer knee joint injuries, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. ACL injuries can lead to serious consequences for injured sumo wrestlers. Therefore, Understanding the mechanisms of these injuries is crucial to prevent ACL injuries. Objective To describe the mechanisms of ACL injuries in sumo wrestling. Design Descriptive video analysis. Methods Eight videotapes of ACL injuries from seven professional sumo wrestlers and one high school student were collected. Four medical doctors and two physical therapists systematically analyzed these videos to describe the injury mechanisms and playing situations. We estimated knee flexion, internal/external rotation, and valgus/varus position at the time when the ACL ruptured. Results Two main mechanisms of ACL injuries in sumo wrestling were identified. Five knees had been injured while the wrestlers tried to make a stand at the edge of the ring, and three knees had been injured when the wrestlers tried to stay on their feet before they were thrown by their opponents. All of the mechanisms for ACL injuries were non-contact injuries; they were not caused by direct external impacts. The injuries occurred when the foot was planted and firmly fixed at the edge of the ring or the floor. In all cases, the foot was externally rotated. The knee was in flexion (the mean angle was 57.2°) and valgus, combined with internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur. Conclusion Many of the sumo wrestlers suffered ACL injuries when they tried to make a stand at the edge of the ring. The mechanism of ACL injuries in sumo wrestling appeared to be non-contact injuries.
GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA: CLINICAL FEATURES, ASSOCIATIONS AND PROGNOSIS
Authors: A Jalil, J Ponichtera, H Hameed, C Purcell, M Eatock
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare disorder characterised by upper GI bleeding, chronic iron-deficiency anaemia and endoscopic findings of columns of red tortuous vessels along the longitudinal folds of the antrum of the stomach. Although the pathogenesis of this condition is largely unknown, it is associated with a number of medical conditions including portal hypertension and scleroderma. There have been few studies analysing the prevalence of the associated conditions in a cohort of GAVE cases, and none in a sample size of greater than 15. <h3>Method</h3> This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with GAVE an Milton Keynes district general hospital between November 2007 and November 2012. Information was gathered from electronically stored patient records. <h3>Results</h3> 20 patients were identified, 50% of cases were male. Average age at diagnosis overall was 65 years. The most common symptom that lead to a diagnosis of GAVE was of iron deficiency anaemia. 45% of cases had a co-existing diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (n=9), 35% chronic renal failure, 25% (n=7) had diabetes (n=5), 20% had rheumatologic disease (n=4) and in half of these the condition was scleroderma, 11% of the cohort had thyroid function abnormalities (n=2). Patients were followed up for a mean period of 1.9 years and in this period one patient had an acute GI bleed. Argon Plasma Coagulation was performed in 5 cases and the remaining cases were treated medically. Following APC the haemoglobin increased by an average of 3.75 g/dL. <h3>Conclusion</h3> GAVE is an important differential diagnosis in the setting of iron deficiency anaemia on a background of cirrhotic liver disease or portal hypertension, especially in patients in their sixties or older. This cohort confirms the associations in previous studies but also notes that acute bleed risk is low and that APC appears an effective treatment modality.
Long noncoding RNA genes: conservation of sequence and brain expression among diverse amniotes
Authors: Rebecca A Chodroff, Leo Goodstadt, Tamara M Sirey, Peter L Oliver, Kay E Davies, Eric D Green, Zoltán Molnár, Chris P Ponting
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Long considered to be the building block of life, it is now apparent that protein is only one of many functional products generated by the eukaryotic genome. Indeed, more of the human genome is transcribed into noncoding sequence than into protein-coding sequence. Nevertheless, whilst we have developed a deep understanding of the relationships between evolutionary constraint and function for protein-coding sequence, little is known about these relationships for non-coding transcribed sequence. This dearth of information is partially attributable to a lack of established non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA) orthologs among birds and mammals within sequence and expression databases. Here, we performed a multi-disciplinary study of four highly conserved and brain-expressed transcripts selected from a list of mouse long intergenic noncoding RNA (lncRNA) loci that generally show pronounced evolutionary constraint within their putative promoter regions and across exon-intron boundaries. We identify some of the first lncRNA orthologs present in birds (chicken), marsupial (opossum), and eutherian mammals (mouse), and investigate whether they exhibit conservation of brain expression. In contrast to conventional protein-coding genes, the sequences, transcriptional start sites, exon structures, and lengths for these non-coding genes are all highly variable. The biological relevance of lncRNAs would be highly questionable if they were limited to closely related phyla. Instead, their preservation across diverse amniotes, their apparent conservation in exon structure, and similarities in their pattern of brain expression during embryonic and early postnatal stages together indicate that these are functional RNA molecules, of which some have roles in vertebrate brain development.
The Waiting Room
Authors: Alan Blum
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long‐term study of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in acute and maintenance therapy of nasal polyposis
Authors: R. Jankowski, J.‐M. Klossek, V. Attali, A. Coste, E. Serrano
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Topical steroids are first-line medication to control nasal polyposis (NP), a disease with long-term clinical course.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) 200 microg twice a day (bd) after 1 month of treatment, and to compare FPANS 200 microg bd and FPANS 200 microg once a day (od) in maintenance and long-term treatment.Double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-month study with three treatment periods (1-month acute period followed with 1-month maintenance period and 6-month follow-up period) was carried out. Group 1 received FPANS 200 microg bd, during acute, maintenance and follow-up periods, Group 2 received FPANS 200 microg bd during acute period and FPANS 200 microg od during maintenance and follow-up periods, and Group 3 received placebo during acute and maintenance periods and FPANS 200 microg bd during follow-up period. Endpoints were change from baseline in clinic peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), domiciliary evening PNIF, intensity of symptoms and polyposis grade.After acute period and maintenance periods, FPANS 200 microg bd was significantly more effective than placebo on all endpoints and more effective than FPANS 200 microg od after 1-month maintenance period on clinic PNIF, evening PNIF, obstruction, percentage of days with no sense of smell and percentage of nights with no disturbances. The two doses were similar on other endpoints. After the 6-month follow-up period, there was no difference between the two doses of FPANS at all efficacy endpoints. The safety profile of FPANS did not highlight any new or unanticipated adverse events.The study demonstrated the efficacy of FPANS 200 microg bd in acute treatment and FPANS 200 microg od as a sufficient dose to maintain a long-term efficacy in the treatment for NP.