tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Population-based study of fertility in women with HIV-1 infection in Uganda
Authors: Ronald H Gray, Maria J Wawer, David Serwadda, Nelson Sewankambo, Chuanjun Li, Frederick Wabwire-Mangen, Lynn Paxton, Noah Kiwanuka, Godfrey Kigozi, Joseph Konde-Lule, Thomas C Quinn, Charlotte A Gaydos, Denise McNairn
Journal: The Lancet (1998)

Background To assess the effects of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections on pregnancy, we undertook cross-sectional and prospective studies of a rural population in Rakai district, Uganda. Methods 4813 sexually active women aged 15–49 years were surveyed to find out the prevalence of pregnancy by interview and selective urinary human chorionic gonadotropin tests. The incidence of recognised conception and frequency of pregnancy loss were assessed by follow-up. Samples were taken to test for HIV-1 infection, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Findings At time of survey, 757 (21·4%) of 3544 women without HIV-1 infection or syphilis were pregnant, compared with 46 (14·6%) of 316 HIV-1-negative women with active syphilis, 117 (14·2%) of 823 HIV-1-positive women with no concurrent syphilis, and 11 (8·5%) of 130 women with both syphilis and HIV-1 infection. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio of pregnancy in HIV-1-infected women was 0·45 (95% Cl 0·35–0·57); the odds of pregnancy were low both in HIV-1-infected women without symptoms (0·49 [0·39–0·62]) and in women with symptoms of HIV-1-associated disease (0·23 [0·11–0·48]). In women with concurrent HIV-1 infection and syphilis the odds ratio was 0·28 (0·14–0·55). The incidence rate of recognised pregnancy during the prospective follow-up study was lower in HIV-1-positive than in HIV-1-negative women (23·5 vs 30·1 per 100 woman-years; adjusted risk ratio 0·73 [0·57–0·93]). Rates of pregnancy loss were higher among HIV-1-infected than uninfected women (18·5 vs 12·2%; odds ratio 1·50 [1·01–2·27]). The prevalence of HIV-1 infection was significantly lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant women (13·9 vs 21·3%). Interpretation Pregnancy prevalence is greatly reduced in HIV-1-infected women, owing to lower rates of conception and increased rates of pregnancy loss. HIV-1 surveillance confined to pregnant women underestimates the magnitude of the HIV-1 epidemic in the general population.
A–Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance – Part 25
Authors: B Lundy, J C Miller, K Jackson, D S Senchina, L M Burke, S J Stear, L M Castell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Part 25 contains a variety of topics, ranging from the sleep enhancer, melatonin, to an unlikely addition to the M section of our alphabetical series, namely melamine. It is not known how many athletes take melatonin in order to combat sleep deprivation on the necessary long-haul flights they make to compete all over the world. It is more readily available in some countries than others. Methylsulphonylmethane (MSM) has long been used as a supplement for pain relief in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Rather unexpectedly, MSM is used by athletes to combat snoring. We decided to provide a very brief article on melamine, which most of us only think of as a substance important to the manufacture of good-quality picnic ware! However, athletes need to be aware of its history as a possible contaminant of high protein products.

### B Lundy, JC Miller

Melatonin ( N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pineal gland hormone with effects upon circadian rhythms, sleep onset and reproductive systems.1 2 Blood levels of melatonin are generally undetectable during daytime, but rise sharply during darkness. Light–dark sensations at the retina are relayed to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Fibres from the hypothalamus descend to the spinal cord and ultimately project to the superior cervical ganglia, from which sympathetic postganglionic neurons ascend back to the pineal gland. Melatonin peak amplitudes decrease with age,3 which may explain the flattening of the circadian rhythm also associated with ageing. Melatonin is well known as an antioxidant, immunomodulator and anticancer agent.2 Melatonin is of …
Disease progression in systemic sclerosis-overlap syndrome is significantly different from limited and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Authors: Pia Moinzadeh, Elisabeth Aberer, Keihan Ahmadi-Simab, Norbert Blank, Joerg H W Distler, Gerhard Fierlbeck, Ekkehard Genth, Claudia Guenther, Ruediger Hein, Joerg Henes, Lena Herich, Ilka Herrgott, Ina Koetter, Alexander Kreuter, Thomas Krieg, Kathrin Kuhr, Hanns-Martin Lorenz, Florian Meier, Inga Melchers, Hartwig Mensing, Ulf Mueller-Ladner, Christiane Pfeiffer, Gabriela Riemekasten, Miklós Sárdy, Marc Schmalzing, Cord Sunderkoetter, Laura Susok, Ingo H Tarner, Peter Vaith, Margitta Worm, Gottfried Wozel, Gabriele Zeidler, Nicolas Hunzelmann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-overlap syndromes are a very heterogeneous and remarkable subgroup of SSc-patients, who present at least two connective tissue diseases (CTD) at the same time, usually with a specific autoantibody status. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether patients, classified as overlap syndromes, show a disease course different from patients with limited SSc (lcSSc) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc). <h3>Methods</h3> The data of 3240 prospectively included patients, registered in the database of the German Network for Systemic Scleroderma and followed between 2003 and 2013, were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> Among 3240 registered patients, 10% were diagnosed as SSc-overlap syndrome. Of these, 82.5% were female. SSc-overlap patients had a mean age of 48±1.2 years and carried significantly more often 'other antibodies' (68.0%; p&lt;0.0001), including anti-U1RNP, -PmScl, -Ro, -La, as well as anti-Jo-1 and -Ku antibodies. These patients developed musculoskeletal involvement earlier and more frequently (62.5%) than patients diagnosed as lcSSc (32.2%) or dcSSc (43.3%) (p&lt;0.0001). The onset of lung fibrosis and heart involvement in SSc-overlap patients was significantly earlier than in patients with lcSSc and occurred later than in patients with dcSSc. Oesophagus, kidney and PH progression was similar to lcSSc patients, whereas dcSSc patients had a significantly earlier onset. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data support the concept that SSc-overlap syndromes should be regarded as a separate SSc subset, distinct from lcSSc and dcSSc, due to a different progression of the disease, different proportional distribution of specific autoantibodies, and of different organ involvement.
Modular Evolution of DNA-Binding Preference of a Tbrain Transcription Factor Provides a Mechanism for Modifying Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Alys M. Cheatle Jarvela, Lisa Brubaker, Anastasia Vedenko, Anisha Gupta, Bruce A. Armitage, Martha L. Bulyk, Veronica F. Hinman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) describe the progression of transcriptional states that take a single-celled zygote to a multicellular organism. It is well documented that GRNs can evolve extensively through mutations to cis-regulatory modules (CRMs). Transcription factor proteins that bind these CRMs may also evolve to produce novelty. Coding changes are considered to be rarer, however, because transcription factors are multifunctional and hence are more constrained to evolve in ways that will not produce widespread detrimental effects. Recent technological advances have unearthed a surprising variation in DNA-binding abilities, such that individual transcription factors may recognize both a preferred primary motif and an additional secondary motif. This provides a source of modularity in function. Here, we demonstrate that orthologous transcription factors can also evolve a changed preference for a secondary binding motif, thereby offering an unexplored mechanism for GRN evolution. Using protein-binding microarray, surface plasmon resonance, and in vivo reporter assays, we demonstrate an important difference in DNA-binding preference between Tbrain protein orthologs in two species of echinoderms, the sea star, Patiria miniata, and the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Although both orthologs recognize the same primary motif, only the sea star Tbr also has a secondary binding motif. Our in vivo assays demonstrate that this difference may allow for greater evolutionary change in timing of regulatory control. This uncovers a layer of transcription factor binding divergence that could exist for many pairs of orthologs. We hypothesize that this divergence provides modularity that allows orthologous transcription factors to evolve novel roles in GRNs through modification of binding to secondary sites.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Polymorphisms and Survival in Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rebecca Suk Heist, Ariela L. Marshall, Geoffrey Liu, Wei Zhou, Li Su, Donna Neuberg, Thomas J. Lynch, John Wain, David C. Christiani
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of enzymes that can degrade extracellular matrix and facilitate invasion through the basement membrane. Several polymorphisms in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-12 have been described, some of which lead to differential transcription. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in these MMP genes may be associated with survival outcomes in early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: We evaluated the relationship between MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-12 polymorphisms and both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among 382 patients with stage I NSCLC. Analyses of genotype associations with survival outcomes were done using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier methods and the log-rank test. Results: Patients carrying the variant G allele of the MMP-12 1082A/G polymorphism had significantly worse outcomes [crude hazard ratio (HR) for OS 1.74; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.18-2.58, P = 0.006; crude HR for RFS, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.05-2.23, P = 0.03]. After adjusting for age, sex, stage, pack-years of smoking, and histologic subtype, the MMP-12 1082A/G polymorphism remained significantly associated with survival outcomes [adjusted HR (AHR) for OS, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.28-2.97, P = 0.002; AHR for RFS, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.07-2.41, P = 0.02]. None of the other MMP polymorphisms was significantly associated with survival. Conclusions: Our results show that patients with stage I NSCLC carrying the variant G allele of the MMP-12 1082A/G polymorphism have worse survival.
Occupational asthma from sensitization to 4,4-methlyene-bismorpholine biocide in unused metalworking fluid
Authors: Gareth Walters, Vicky Moore, Emmet McGrath, Alastair Robertson, Edward Parkes, Sherwood Burge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

We present the first case of occupational asthma (OA) to unused metalworking fluid (MWF) with sensitization to the biocide additive 4,4-methylene-bismorpholine. A 54-yr old Kenyan man presented to our unit with a 2-yr history of rhinitis, wheeze, dry cough and chest tightness, worse at work and better on holiday. He worked on an automated milling machine, using a semi-synthetic Ecocool Ultralife A MWF. He had positive skin-prick tests to multiple aeroallergens, unused MWF and 4,4-methylene-bismorpholine (CAS: 5625-90-1; OA Hazard Index=0.98). Serum total IgE was 2048kU/L ( 4-fold increase in non-specific bronchial reactivity to methacholine, but no clinically significant change in FENO after challenge. He had negative SIC to other MWF constituents. This is the first case of OA due to sensitization to a biocide additive in unused MWF.
Fructokinase activity mediates dehydration-induced renal injury
Authors: Carlos A. Roncal Jimenez, Takuji Ishimoto, Miguel A. Lanaspa, Christopher J. Rivard, Takahiko Nakagawa, A. Ahsan Ejaz, Christina Cicerchi, Shinichiro Inaba, MyPhuong Le, Makoto Miyazaki, Jason Glaser, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Marvin A. González, Aurora Aragón, Catharina Wesseling, Laura G. Sánchez-Lozada, Richard J. Johnson
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

The epidemic of chronic kidney disease in Nicaragua (Mesoamerican nephropathy) has been linked with recurrent dehydration. Here we tested whether recurrent dehydration may cause renal injury by activation of the polyol pathway, resulting in the generation of endogenous fructose in the kidney that might subsequently induce renal injury via metabolism by fructokinase. Wild-type and fructokinase-deficient mice were subjected to recurrent heat-induced dehydration. One group of each genotype was provided water throughout the day and the other group was hydrated at night, after the dehydration. Both groups received the same total hydration in 24 h. Wild-type mice that received delayed hydration developed renal injury, with elevated serum creatinine, increased urinary NGAL, proximal tubular injury, and renal inflammation and fibrosis. This was associated with activation of the polyol pathway, with increased renal cortical sorbitol and fructose levels. Fructokinase-knockout mice with delayed hydration were protected from renal injury. Thus, recurrent dehydration can induce renal injury via a fructokinase-dependent mechanism, likely from the generation of endogenous fructose via the polyol pathway. Access to sufficient water during the dehydration period can protect mice from developing renal injury. These studies provide a potential mechanism for Mesoamerican nephropathy.
Genotype-Phenotype Studies in Bipolar Disorder Showing Association Between the DAOA/G30 Locus and Persecutory Delusions: A First Step Toward a Molecular Genetic Classification of Psychiatric Phenotypes
Authors: Thomas G. Schulze, Stephanie Ohlraun, Piotr M. Czerski, Johannes Schumacher, Layla Kassem, Monika Deschner, Magdalena Gross, Monja Tullius, Vivien Heidmann, Svetlana Kovalenko, Rami Abou Jamra, Tim Becker, Anna Leszczynska-Rodziewicz, Joanna Hauser, Thomas Illig, Norman Klopp, Stefan Wellek, Sven Cichon, Fritz A. Henn, Francis J. McMahon, Wolfgang Maier, Peter Propping, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The authors previously reported an association between the D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA)/G30 locus and both schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Given the presumed role of DAOA/G30 in the neurochemistry of psychosis and its localization in a schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder linkage region (13q34), it was hypothesized that the bipolar affective disorder finding would be mainly due to an association with psychotic features. METHOD: The marker/haplotype associations obtained in a subset of 173 bipolar affective disorder patients with psychotic features were similar to those in the overall patient group, suggesting that stratification on the basis of psychotic features in general might be too crude a procedure. The authors therefore tested whether confining caseness to specific psychotic features would improve detection of genotype-phenotype correlations. RESULTS: In a logistic regression, "persecutory delusions" were found to be the only significant explanatory variable for the DAOA/G30 risk genotype among 21 OPCRIT symptoms of psychosis. The authors therefore tested for association between DAOA/G30 and bipolar affective disorder in the 90 cases with a history of persecutory delusions. Whereas this subset showed strong association (odds ratio=1.83 for the best marker), the remaining larger sample of 165 patients with no such history did not differ from comparison subjects, suggesting that the association between DAOA/G30 and bipolar affective disorder is due to persecutory delusions. This was confirmed in an independent study of 294 bipolar affective disorder patients and 311 comparison subjects from Poland, in which an association between bipolar affective disorder and DAOA/G30 was only seen when case definition was restricted to cases with persecutory delusions. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that bipolar affective disorder with persecutory delusions constitutes a distinct subgroup of bipolar affective disorder that overlaps with schizophrenia.
Movies, measurement, and modeling
Authors: Colleen Witt, Subhadip Raychaudhuri, Arup K. Chakraborty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Immunological phenomena that were once deduced from genetic, biochemical, and in situ approaches are now being witnessed in living color, in three dimensions, and in real time. The information in time-lapse imaging can provide valuable mechanistic insight into a host of processes, from cell migration to signal transduction. What we need now are methods to quantitate these new visual data and to exploit computational resources and statistical mechanical methods to develop mechanistic models.
Sensory feedback to the cerebral cortex during voluntary movement in man
Authors: P. E. Roland
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1978)

Abstract This article describes a series of experiments directed toward the following questions: (1) Do signals from musculotendinous receptors reach consciousness? (2) Does feed-forward information of muscular force and expected extent of voluntary movement exist? To answer these questions data from voluntary compression of springs and strain-gauge have been analysed in healthy young subjects and in patients with unilateral focal lesions of the cerebral hemispheres. By successive elimination of information from other sources it was possible to verify that receptors in muscles and tendons do signal movement magnitude and muscular tension to the cerebral cortex, and that this information does indeed reach consciousness. There also exists a feed-forward mechanism signalling parameters of voluntary contraction. However, it is unclear whether peripheral, subcortical, or intracortical loops are directly involved. Perception of signals of muscular tension is abolished by lesions of the contralateral cortex near the central sulcus. It is possible that there exist separate cortical projection areas for kinaesthetic signals from muscles and from joints.
HCV-Induced Immune Responses Influence the Development of Operational Tolerance After Liver Transplantation in Humans
Authors: Felix Bohne, María-Carlota Londoño, Carlos Benítez, Rosa Miquel, Marc Martínez-Llordella, Carolina Russo, Cecilia Ortiz, Eliano Bonaccorsi-Riani, Christian Brander, Tanja Bauer, Ulrike Protzer, Elmar Jaeckel, Richard Taubert, Xavier Forns, Miquel Navasa, Marina Berenguer, Antoni Rimola, Juan-José Lozano, Alberto Sánchez-Fueyo
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Persistent HCV infection does not preclude the establishment of liver allograft tolerance in humans.
Reversible Inhibition of CREB/ATF Transcription Factors in Region CA1 of the Dorsal Hippocampus Disrupts Hippocampus-Dependent Spatial Memory
Authors: Christopher Pittenger, Yan You Huang, Ronald F. Paletzki, Roussoudan Bourtchouladze, Heather Scanlin, Svetlana Vronskaya, Eric R. Kandel
Journal: Neuron (2002)
Microscopic measurement of inflammation in synovial tissue: inter-observer agreement for manual quantitative, semiquantitative and computerised digital image analysis
Authors: T. Rooney, B. Bresnihan, U. Andersson, M. Gogarty, M. Kraan, H R. Schumacher, A.-K. Ulfgren, D. J Veale, P. P Youssef, P. P Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

To evaluate inter-observer agreement for microscopic measurement of inflammation in synovial tissue using manual quantitative, semiquantitative and computerised digital image analysis.Paired serial sections of synovial tissue, obtained at arthroscopic biopsy of the knee from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were stained immunohistochemically for T lymphocyte (CD3) and macrophage (CD68) markers. Manual quantitative and semiquantitative scores for sub-lining layer CD3+ and CD68+ cell infiltration were independently derived in 6 international centres. Three centres derived scores using computerised digital image analysis. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated using Spearman's Rho and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Paired tissue sections from 12 patients were selected for evaluation. Satisfactory inter-observer agreement was demonstrated for all 3 methods of analysis. Using manual methods, ICCs for measurement of CD3+ and CD68+ cell infiltration were 0.73 and 0.73 for quantitative analysis and 0.83 and 0.78 for semiquantitative analysis, respectively. Corresponding ICCs of 0.79 and 0.58 were observed for the use of digital image analysis. All ICCs were significant at levels of p<0.0001. At each participating centre, use of computerised image analysis produced results that correlated strongly and significantly with those obtained using manual measurement.Strong inter-observer agreement was demonstrated for microscopic measurement of synovial inflammation in RA using manual quantitative, semiquantitative and computerised digital methods of analysis. This further supports the development of these methods as outcome measures in RA.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy For Women With Young Children: Our Patients as Parents
Authors: Daniel Rayson, Shirley Ruedy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools ART OF ONCOLOGY: WHEN THE TUMOR IS NOT THE TARGET Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.1.279 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11134226 Adjuvant Chemotherapy For Women With Young Children: Our Patients as Parents Daniel RaysonxDaniel RaysonSearch for articles by this author Shirley RuedyxShirley RuedySearch for articles by this author Show More From the Division of Medical Oncology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.1.279 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical OncologyjcoJ Clin OncolJournal of Clinical OncologyJCO0732-183X1527-7755American Society of Clinical OncologyCOMMENTARY01012001 Having been diagnosed with primary breast cancer twice, first at age 43 and with a young family myself, I felt a close feeling of kinship to the described patient. A cancer diagnosis often mantles patients with a sense of isolation, as though they have been singled out from their fellow humankind. Couple this with a geographic isolation from the extended family, then further link it with high parental responsibilities, and the feeling of isolation blooms into an understandable sense of being overwhelmed. To be sure, cancer is not a day at the beach for anyone. Each patient population has its own problems extraneous to the disease but singular to its nature and stage of life. With the onset of cancer, circumstances or factors that were easily—or barely—managed before swiftly assume a wholly different complexion. Dr Rayson has illuminated, particularly well, the distinctive landscape facing the patient who has a young and active family. Today’s mobile society only deepens the crevices in the terrain of this landscape. For help, the patient must explore every avenue she has, including relationships developed at church and through organizations to which she and/or her spouse belong. Dr Rayson rightly points out the active role the oncologist should take in explaining the effects of chemotherapeutic agents, their varying degrees, and some of the paths open to the patient in this particular situation. The wisdom of an ongoing evaluation of family dynamics cannot be overestimated. Lastly, a call to the American Cancer Society may reap further sources unique to the patient’s area. Author, “Cancer Update” column The Gazette Cedar Rapids, IA
Preoperative growth hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and oral glucose tolerance test in acromegaly: A retrospective evaluation of 50 patients
Authors: L. De Marinis, A. Mancini, A. Bianchi, R. Gentilella, D. Valle, A. Giampietro, P. Zuppi, C. Anile, G. Maira, A. Giustina
Journal: Metabolism (2002)