tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Charcot Foot in Diabetes
Authors: Lee C. Rogers, Robert G. Frykberg, David G. Armstrong, Andrew J.M. Boulton, Michael Edmonds, Georges Ha Van, Agnes Hartemann, Frances Game, William Jeffcoate, Alexandra Jirkovska, Edward Jude, Stephan Morbach, William B. Morrison, Michael Pinzur, Dario Pitocco, Lee Sanders, Dane K. Wukich, Luigi Uccioli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The diabetic Charcot foot syndrome is a serious and potentially limb-threatening lower-extremity complication of diabetes. First described in 1883, this enigmatic condition continues to challenge even the most experienced practitioners. Now considered an inflammatory syndrome, the diabetic Charcot foot is characterized by varying degrees of bone and joint disorganization secondary to underlying neuropathy, trauma, and perturbations of bone metabolism. An international task force of experts was convened by the American Diabetes Association and the American Podiatric Medical Association in January 2011 to summarize available evidence on the pathophysiology, natural history, presentations, and treatment recommendations for this entity.
Sir Richard Doll
Authors: Caroline Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Sir Richard Doll was the world's most distinguished medical epidemiologist. He established his reputation alongside Sir Austin Bradford Hill, showing that cigarette smoking caused lung cancer. He then went on to show it caused bladder and other cancers, and cardiovascular disease. He did seminal work with Richard Peto on the health of doctors and their families, demonstrating an increased incidence of suicide and liver disease. He also carried out major research on the risks and benefits of the contraceptive pill, on low level radiation, and the dietary treatment of gastric ulcers.
Magnetic Stimulation of Left TPO Cerebral Cortex of Allergic Humans Increases Blood/Serum Substance P Levels, and CD4 and CD8+ T Cell Numbers, While Suppressing IgE Responses. Substance P Suppresses P38 MAP Kinase Expression by Their PBL
Authors: Bryan McCarthy, Seto M Chice, Rauno Joks, Jonathan I Silverberg, Mark Stewart, Vahe Amassian, Helen G Durkin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
[307] TNFo AND LPS BUT NOT BILE ACIDS PLAY A KEY ROLE IN THE INDUCTION OF REACTIVE PHENOTYPE IN BILE DUCT EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: E. Halilbasic, P. Fickert, A. Fuchsbichler, T. Moustafa, U. Stoeger, Y. Ueno, H. Denk, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Radioactive Iodine Uptake by a Large Cell Undifferentiated Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: J ACOSTA, R CHITKARA, F KHAN, V AZUETA, L SILVER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

ACOSTA, J M.D.; CHITKARA, R M.B., M.D., F.C.C.P.; KHAN, F M.B., F.C.C.P., F.R.C.P.(C); AZUETA, V M.D.; SILVER, L M.D. Author Information
Long-Term Cardiovascular Mortality After Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Bouillon, Nadia Haddy, Suzette Delaloge, Jean-Remy Garbay, Jerome-Philippe Garsi, Pauline Brindel, Abdeddahir Mousannif, Monique G. Lê, Martine Labbe, Rodrigo Arriagada, Eric Jougla, Jean Chavaudra, Ibrahima Diallo, Carole Rubino, Florent de Vathaire
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
[426] THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND HEPATITIS B VIRAL LOAD MAY DEPEND ON HBeAg SEROSTATUS: THE R.E.V.E.A.L.-HBV STUDY
Authors: H.I. Yang, J. Su, P.J. Chen, U.H. Iloeje, S.H. Yeh, C.L. Jen, S.L. You, D.S. Chen, C.T. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
955-60 Echocardiographic Detection of Residual Coronary Flow Abnormalities and Stenosis Severity After Coronary Reperfusion Using Intravenous Perfluoropropane-enhanced Sonicated Dextrose Albumin
Authors: Thomas Porter, Feng Xie, Karen Kilzer, Alan Kricsfeld, Ubeydullah Deligonul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
665. Experiences with Delivery of Nanoparticles to the Mouse Cochlea
Authors: Mark Praetorius, Kim Baker, Bernhard Schick, Peter K. Plinkert, Hinrich Staecker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gene transfer in the inner ear has been approached mainly using viral vectors. Recent studies have suggested that gene therapy has the potential to treat sensorineural hearing loss through the transfer of math1. The safety profile of non viral gene therapy makes this form of gene delivery ideal for use in the cochlea. Cochlear non viral gene delivery has been examined by several studies and found to be inefficient compared to viral vector gene transfer. We have examined two separate approaches to non viral gene delivery in the inner ear. We compared the delivery of silica nanoparticles to delivery of a range of delivery of polymer based gene delivery. Two separate approaches to the inner ear were used: Vectors were delivered via application to the round window or delivery into the cochlea via a fenestration of the utricle.
THE METHODS EMPLOYED IN EXAMINING THE EYES FOR THE DETECTION OF HYSTERIA.
Authors: CASEY A. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Although much has been written regarding the value of the ocular signs and symptoms of hysteria in the diagnosis of that disease, I believe there is good reason for returning to several matters in this connection that seem to me of vital importance, especially as I do not think sufficient stress is commonly laid upon the means by which one must arrive at diagnostic conclusions. My own belief, after a somewhat extended acquaintance with this disease is, that, if one were to make a special study of that organ that most uniformly exhibits the evidence of hysteria, the eye would afford the most information, even more emphatically than the skin or the mucous membranes. On the other hand, anomalies of the general sensibility are probably more easily detected by the average individual (who methodically searches for them) than are ocular defects. But as the scientific observer omits no examination that
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Authors: Cynthia L. Ogden, Margaret D. Carroll, Lester R. Curtin, Margaret A. McDowell, Carolyn J. Tabak, Katherine M. Flegal
Journal: JAMA (2006)

The prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents and obesity in adults in the United States has increased over several decades.To provide current estimates of the prevalence and trends of overweight in children and adolescents and obesity in adults.Analysis of height and weight measurements from 3958 children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years and 4431 adults aged 20 years or older obtained in 2003-2004 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of the US population. Data from the NHANES obtained in 1999-2000 and in 2001-2002 were compared with data from 2003-2004.Estimates of the prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents and obesity in adults. Overweight among children and adolescents was defined as at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific body mass index (BMI) for age growth charts. Obesity among adults was defined as a BMI of 30 or higher; extreme obesity was defined as a BMI of 40 or higher.In 2003-2004, 17.1% of US children and adolescents were overweight and 32.2% of adults were obese. Tests for trend were significant for male and female children and adolescents, indicating an increase in the prevalence of overweight in female children and adolescents from 13.8% in 1999-2000 to 16.0% in 2003-2004 and an increase in the prevalence of overweight in male children and adolescents from 14.0% to 18.2%. Among men, the prevalence of obesity increased significantly between 1999-2000 (27.5%) and 2003-2004 (31.1%). Among women, no significant increase in obesity was observed between 1999-2000 (33.4%) and 2003-2004 (33.2%). The prevalence of extreme obesity (body mass index > or =40) in 2003-2004 was 2.8% in men and 6.9% in women. In 2003-2004, significant differences in obesity prevalence remained by race/ethnicity and by age. Approximately 30% of non-Hispanic white adults were obese as were 45.0% of non-Hispanic black adults and 36.8% of Mexican Americans. Among adults aged 20 to 39 years, 28.5% were obese while 36.8% of adults aged 40 to 59 years and 31.0% of those aged 60 years or older were obese in 2003-2004.The prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents and obesity among men increased significantly during the 6-year period from 1999 to 2004; among women, no overall increases in the prevalence of obesity were observed. These estimates were based on a 6-year period and suggest that the increases in body weight are continuing in men and in children and adolescents while they may be leveling off in women.
Veins and Their Control
Authors: Michael M. Webb-Peploe, John T. Shepherd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THAT the venous system contains the greater part of the circulating blood volume and functions as the reservoir of the circulatory system has been evident for years. We are now aware that the veins are not a system of passive tubes; the smooth muscle in their walls can be activated by the sympathetic nerves and by circulating substances. Venoconstriction raises the pressure in the venous reservoir and consequently raises cardiac filling pressure. Since filling pressure is a prime determinant of cardiac function, the venous system has a major role in the regulation of cardiac output. Recent data indicate that the . . .
Oxidation Phenotype — A Major Determinant of Metoprolol Metabolism and Response
Authors: Martin S. Lennard, Joseph H. Silas, Stephen Freestone, Lawrence E. Ramsay, Geoffrey T. Tucker, Hubert F. Woods
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

GENETIC polymorphism in the oxidative metabolism of debrisoquine1 is largely responsible for individual differences in its plasma concentration and antihypertensive effect.2 Poor hydroxylators have urinary debrisoquine:4-hydroxydebrisoquine ratios that are higher than 20, whereas extensive hydroxylators have ratios that are less than 12.5.3 , 4 The prevalence of the poor hydroxylator phenotype is about 9 per cent in the United Kingdom3 but it varies widely among ethnic groups, from 1 per cent in Arabs to 30 per cent in Hong Kong Chinese.5 The prevalence of this phenotype in the United States has not been reported, but among whites in Canada it appears to . . .
Dynamic Analysis of Heart Sounds in Right and Left Bundle-Branch Blocks
Authors: JAN ORAVETZ, STANLEY WISSNER, BEATRICE ARGANO, ALDO A. LUISADA
Journal: Circulation (1967)

A clinical, electrocardiographic, phonocardiographic, and arteriographic study was made of 20 normal subjects, 20 patients with right bundle-branch block (RBBB) and 20 patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB). Ventricular asynchronism was documented in nearly all cases of bundle-branch block by the behavior of the arterial pulse and the heart sounds. The first heart sound was of normal duration in all cases and usually had the normal number and position of its three components. The first sound had a normal relationship with the QRS component of the electrocardiogram in RBBB, but its onset was markedly delayed in LBBB. This fact confirms the exclusive left-sided origin of the first sound. The third (or ejection) component of the first sound had a greater delay in LBBB, due to intraventricular block, and this delay was closely related to that of the carotid pulse rise. Reversed splitting of the second sound in LBBB was common.
Women consultants and merit awards
Authors: A Streetly
Journal: BMJ (1994)

someone he or she has cared for for many years and may damage subsequent doctor-patient relationships with any member of the family or their close friends.The second reason for general practitioners' reluctance to request necropsies is their wish to avoid the ever increasing threat of litigation and complaints.Should the patient be shown to have died of a condition that was not suspected before death the doctor is wide open to complaints and litigation by the relatives.The quoted figures that 15% of main diagnoses and 42% of causes of death were not confirned at necropsy hardly make comforting reading when viewed in this context.2A doctor could find his or her career in ruins simply by requesting a necropsy that failed to confirm the antemortem diagnosis.
Detection of stenotic coronary artery bypass grafts and recipient vessels with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Susan E. Langerak, Hubert W. Vliegen, Wouter Jukema, Patrik Kunz, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Hildo J. Lamb, Albert de Roos, Ernst E. van der Wall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The "false negative" treadmill exercise test and left ventricular dysfunction.
Authors: N Kramer, A Susmano, R B Shekelle
Journal: Circulation (1978)

One hundred and fifteen consecutive symptomatic patients undergoing graded exercise testing, selective coronary angiography and left ventriculography were retrospectively evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, and false negative response rates of the exercise tests were 79%, 81%, and 21%, respectively. Although the magnitude of a positive ST-segment response was related to more extensive vascular disease, the frequency of false negative responses was nearly identical in patients with single, double, or triple vessel disease (22%, 21%, 19%). Analysis of the false negative group demonstrated significant ventriculographic and hemodynamic abnormalities when compared to the true positive responders. Five out of six patients with the most serious motion disorders in the study fell into the false negative group. There were no significant differences in the extent, distribution and severity of vascular involvement, or in the development of collateral circulation in the two groups. However, occluded vessels supplied abnormal ventricular segments more frequently in the false negative group (88% vs 38%); the absence of an "ischemic response" and the presence of segments of abnormal myocardium may be related. Left ventricular dysfunction appears to be an important reason for a false negative response to exercise.
Hyper-IL-6 Gene Therapy Reverses Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Authors: Naama Hecht, Orit Pappo, Daniel Shouval, Stefan Rose-John, Eithan Galun, Jonathan H. Axelrod
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Fulminant hepatic failure is a catastrophic condition caused by massive hepatocellular apoptosis and necrosis. Inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis and the enhancement of the endogenous potential for liver regeneration could potentially form an effective basis for treatment of this condition. In response to injury in the liver, IL-6 mediates the acute-phase response and induces both cytoprotective and mitogenic functions. Hyper-IL-6 is a superagonistic designer cytokine consisting of human IL-6 linked by a flexible peptide chain to the secreted form of the IL-6 receptor. In a mouse model of acute liver failure induced by d-galactosamine administration, a single low dose of a hyper-IL-6-encoding adenoviral vector, in contrast to an adeno-IL-6 vector, maintained liver function, prevented the progression of liver necrosis, and induced liver regeneration, leading to dramatically enhanced survival. Thus, hyper-IL-6 gene therapy may be useful for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure, which is often fatal even following treatment by transplantation. Fulminant hepatic failure is a catastrophic condition caused by massive hepatocellular apoptosis and necrosis. Inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis and the enhancement of the endogenous potential for liver regeneration could potentially form an effective basis for treatment of this condition. In response to injury in the liver, IL-6 mediates the acute-phase response and induces both cytoprotective and mitogenic functions. Hyper-IL-6 is a superagonistic designer cytokine consisting of human IL-6 linked by a flexible peptide chain to the secreted form of the IL-6 receptor. In a mouse model of acute liver failure induced by d-galactosamine administration, a single low dose of a hyper-IL-6-encoding adenoviral vector, in contrast to an adeno-IL-6 vector, maintained liver function, prevented the progression of liver necrosis, and induced liver regeneration, leading to dramatically enhanced survival. Thus, hyper-IL-6 gene therapy may be useful for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure, which is often fatal even following treatment by transplantation.
Sarcoidosis or Crohn's disease?
Authors: R B Clague
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A 36-year-old housewife first presented in 1961 with bilateral parotid swellings accompanied by loss of weight and shortness of breath. She had a generalized lymphadenopathy and a clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made, which was suggested by the radiographic appearances in the che'st. She was treated with prednisone, which produced a rapid resolution of the parotid swelling, but the chest radiograph did not become clear until two and a half years later. The prednisone dosage was then tailed off. One year later she began to have episodes of vague epigastric pain with vomiting and subsequently developed a megaloblastic anaemia, with tingling-apd numbness in the legs. The plasma vitamin B12 level was 70 pg/ml. A diagnosis of pernicious anaemia with subacute combined degeneration of the cord was made, and she was successfully treated with cyanocobalamin injections. She was admitted to hospital eight months later with a fourmonth history of severe epigastric pain and vomiting. The pain was colicky in nature and the vomiting, which was projectile, occurred after most meals. She had lost nearly 3 stone (19 kg) in weight. She had no haematemesis or melaena. On examination there was slight epigastric tenderness but no other abnormality. The haemoglobin level was 100% and the W.B.C. 3,600/mm3; a blood film was normal. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 4 mm in one hour. The blood urea and electrolyte levels were within normal limits. The chest radiograph was normal, with clear lung fields. Tests for occult blood in the stools were negative on two occasions but strongly positive on a third. A histamine test meal showed complete achlorhydria. Gastric cytology was normal. A barium-meal examination showed free oesophageal reflux, with no hiatus hernia, and atrophic gastritis. It was difficult to be sure that the prepyloric area was normal, and a neoplasm could not be excluded. There was a narrowed, deformed duodenal cap consistent with chronic duodenal ulceration. Gastroscopy showed a red, inflamed mucosa, but no satisfactory view of the pyloric region was obtained. At laparotomy a large stomach with mild hypertrophy was seen. The first part of the duodenum was thickened, and the peritoneal coat looked bright red, with multiple small pale, pin-head, granular lesions on it. Similar lesions were found in three segments of the lower ileum, each abouit 8-10 cm long, with intervening lengths of 16-30 cm of normal-looking intestine. Biopsy specimens were taken from one of these lesions and the stomach, and the abdomen was then closed. No other evidence of abdominal disease was found. Histological examination showed masses of sarcoid follicles distributed throughout the whole thickness of the intestinal wall. These follicles contained Langhans cells and giant cells of the foreign body type, but there was no evidence of caseation (see Photograph). There was a relative lack of lymphocytes and a thin submucosa. The mucosa was intact. There were no such follicles in the stomnach.
Autocrine Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–Dependent Gene Expression in Glioblastoma Cells Is Mediated Largely by Activation of the Transcription Factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein and Is Associated with Altered Genotype and Patient Survival in Human Brain Tumors
Authors: Deqin Ma, Catherine L. Nutt, Piam Shanehsaz, Xuejun Peng, David N. Louis, David M. Kaetzel
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract A complex profile of gene expression elicited by autocrine platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling was identified in U87 MG glioblastoma cells by microarray analysis. The most striking pattern observed was a PDGF-dependent activation of at least 25 genes involved with biosynthesis and/or uptake of cholesterol and isoprenoids, including mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, and low-density lipoprotein receptor. Activity of the HMG-CoA synthase promoter was induced by autocrine PDGF activity as indicated by significant reductions following forced expression of dominant-negative PDGF-A (88%) or treatment with the PDGF receptor antagonist CT52923 (50%). Induction of the HMG-CoA synthase promoter required a binding site for sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SRE-BP), consistent with a key role for these transcription factors in the induction of this gene network. Neither proteolytic activation nor nuclear localization of SRE-BP was affected by disruption of the PDGF autocrine loop, indicating that PDGF signaling is required for other signaling events involved in activation of SRE-BP target genes. Analysis of an expression databank derived from human glial tumors (n = 77) identified a subgroup exhibiting a profile consistent with PDGF dependence, including increased expression of SRE-BP target genes. This subgroup displayed an absence of epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification, decreased incidence of allelic loss of 10q, increased frequency of TP53 mutations and allelic losses of 1p and 19q, and longer patient survival. This study identifies genes associated with oncogenic activity of PDGF and provides important insights into biomarkers and therapeutic targets in malignant gliomas.
Isolated atrial septal defect with pulmonary vascular obstructive disease--long-term follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction.
Authors: P M Steele, V Fuster, M Cohen, D G Ritter, D C McGoon
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We examined the cases of 702 patients found to have isolated atrial septal defect of the secundum or sinus venosus type at catheterization from 1953 to 1978. Forty patients (6%), 34 women and six men, had pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, with a total pulmonary resistance greater than 7 U/m2; of these patients 26 (mean age 47 years) underwent surgical closure and 14 (mean age 44 years) received medical treatment. All patients were followed for at least 4 years, with a median follow-up of 12 years. At the most recent follow-up, 17 of the 40 patients were dead. Of the 22 surgically treated patients with total pulmonary resistance less than 15 U/m2, 19 were alive with significant regression of symptoms. All four surgically treated patients with total pulmonary resistance greater than or equal to 15 U/m2 were dead. Of the five medically treated patients with total pulmonary resistance less than 15 U/m2, four had died, and one was alive with significant progression of symptoms. Of the nine medically treated patients with total pulmonary resistance greater than or equal to 15 U/m2, six had died and the three survivors had progression of symptoms. In the surgically treated group, the following variables correlated with survival: total pulmonary resistance (p less than .00001), pulmonary arteriolar resistance (p less than .00001), pulmonary-to-systemic resistance ratio (p = .004), systemic arterial oxygen saturation (p = .005), and pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation (p = .007). In conclusion: (1) Atrial septal defect with high total pulmonary resistance is uncommon and predominates in adult female patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Disease Progression Patterns/Outcome by Disease Extent Following Bevacizumab + Chemotherapy Beyond First Disease Progression in Previously Treated MCRC (ML18147 Study)
Authors: Jose Maria Vieitez de Prado, Richard Greil, Jaafar Bennouna, Pia Österlund, Thierry André, Eric Van Cutsem, Stefan Kubicka, Dirk Arnold, Javier Sastre, Olivier Bouché, Vicente Alonso-Orduna, Christophe Borg, Christoph Schlichting, Claus-Christoph Steffens, Stuart Osborne, Daniel Waterkamp, Martina Makrutzki, Roger von Moos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)