tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Animal models for tracheal research
Authors: E.J.O. ten Hallers, G. Rakhorst, H.A.M. Marres, J.A. Jansen, T.G. van Kooten, H.K. Schutte, J.-P. van Loon, E.B. van der Houwen, G.J. Verkerke
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Produced by HSV-2-Infected Keratinocytes Enhances HIV Infection of Langerhans Cells
Authors: Youichi Ogawa, Tatsuyoshi Kawamura, Takamitsu Matsuzawa, Rui Aoki, Peter Gee, Atsuya Yamashita, Kohji Moriishi, Kenshi Yamasaki, Yoshio Koyanagi, Andrew Blauvelt, Shinji Shimada
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Multinodular goitre with giant cell vasculitis of thyroid arteries in a woman with temporal arteritis
Authors: B GRANEL, J SERRATRICE, B CHAUDIER, J REY, L SWIADER, X PACHE, C CHRISTIDES, P DISDIER, P J WEILLER, C DE MICCO, J F HENRY
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Previous studies have suggested that patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) or polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) may be at increased risk for thyroid dysfunctions.1 To our knowledge, histologically confirmed thyroid arteritis in a case of GCA has never been described.

A 67 year old woman, complained in September 1994 of left sided headaches, jaw claudication, and transient visual disturbance of her left eye. Biological evaluation showed an inflammatory process, and biopsy of the left temporal artery was typical of GCA. Steroids were started (1 mg/kg/day prednisolone) with initial clinical and biological improvement, but a steroid dependency was noted when the dose was reduced to under 40 mg/day. On successive clinical evaluations, we noticed an increase in the volume of the thyroid gland. Ultrasonography showed a multinodular goitre with …
Intravenously applied IgG stimulates complement attenuation in dermatomyositis at the amplifying C3 convertase level
Authors: H.U. Lutz, P. Stammler, V. Bianchi, R.M. Trüeb, T. Hunziker, R. Burger, E. Jelezarova, P.J. Späth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Abnormal proteolytic degradation of von willebrand factor after desmopressin infusion in a new subtype of von willebrand disease (ID)
Authors: M. F. Lopez‐Fernandez, R. Gonzalez‐Boullosa, M. J. Blanco‐Lopez, M. Perez, J. Batlle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We describe two members of a single family, father and son, with mild factor XII deficiency associated to von Willebrand disease (vWD) with aberrant structure in whom distinct multimeric abnormalities and an abnormal proteolytic processing of von Willebrand factor (vWF) after desmopressin (DDAVP) administration were present. They had a mild bleeding history, low levels of vWF‐related activities, and a prolonged bleeding time. Low‐resolution agarose‐ gel electrophoresis showed a vWF with all size multimers in plasma and platelets. Higher‐resolution agarose gels demonstrated that the main band was present, but the relative proportion of the satellite bands was markedly reduced. The smallest oligomer was not increased. After the infusion of DDAVP to the father, a transient increase in the relative proportion of the satellite bands was seen, as described in normal individuals. No difference in the structure of vWF was observed when blood was collected with proteinase inhibitors. The analysis of native subunits of vWF and their proteolytic derived fragments, after DDAVP administration, showed a temporary augmentation of the 176 kDa fragment, as seen in normal subjects, as well as an increase of the 189 kDa fragment. This finding had not been reported previously either in normal individuals or in patients with vWD.
Randomised placebo-controlled trial of iron supplementation and malaria chemoprophylaxis for prevention of severe anaemia and malaria in Tanzanian infants
Authors: Clara Menendez, Elizeus Kahigwa, Rosmarie Hirt, Penelope Vounatsou, John J Aponte, Fidel Font, Camilo J Acosta, David M Schellenberg, Claudia M Galindo, John Kimario, Honorathy Urassa, Bernard Brabin, Tom A Smith, Andrew Y Kitua, Marcel Tanner, Pedro L Alonso
Journal: The Lancet (1997)
Sorafenib may induce hypophosphatemia through a fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23)-independent mechanism
Authors: E. Bellini, A. Pia, M.P. Brizzi, M. Tampellini, M. Torta, M. Terzolo, L. Dogliotti, A. Berruti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Inhibition of mTORC1/2 Overcomes Resistance to MAPK Pathway Inhibitors Mediated by PGC1α and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Melanoma
Authors: Y.N. Vashisht Gopal, Helen Rizos, Guo Chen, Wanleng Deng, Dennie T. Frederick, Zachary A. Cooper, Richard A. Scolyer, Gulietta Pupo, Kakajan Komurov, Vasudha Sehgal, Jiexin Zhang, Lalit Patel, Cristiano G. Pereira, Bradley M. Broom, Gordon B. Mills, Prahlad Ram, Paul D. Smith, Jennifer A. Wargo, Georgina V. Long, Michael A. Davies
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Metabolic heterogeneity is a key factor in cancer pathogenesis. We found that a subset of BRAF- and NRAS-mutant human melanomas resistant to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib displayed increased oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) mediated by the transcriptional coactivator PGC1α. Notably, all selumetinib-resistant cells with elevated OxPhos could be resensitized by cotreatment with the mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD8055, whereas this combination was ineffective in resistant cell lines with low OxPhos. In both BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma cells, MEK inhibition increased MITF expression, which in turn elevated levels of PGC1α. In contrast, mTORC1/2 inhibition triggered cytoplasmic localization of MITF, decreasing PGC1α expression and inhibiting OxPhos. Analysis of tumor biopsies from patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma progressing on BRAF inhibitor ± MEK inhibitor revealed that PGC1α levels were elevated in approximately half of the resistant tumors. Overall, our findings highlight the significance of OxPhos in melanoma and suggest that combined targeting of the MAPK and mTORC pathways may offer an effective therapeutic strategy to treat melanomas with this metabolic phenotype.
Intervention to Reduce Transmission of Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care
Authors: W. Charles Huskins, Charmaine M. Huckabee, Naomi P. O'Grady, Patrick Murray, Heather Kopetskie, Louise Zimmer, Mary Ellen Walker, Ronda L. Sinkowitz-Cochran, John A. Jernigan, Matthew Samore, Dennis Wallace, Donald A. Goldmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Intensive care units (ICUs) are high-risk settings for the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE).In a cluster-randomized trial, we evaluated the effect of surveillance for MRSA and VRE colonization and of the expanded use of barrier precautions (intervention) as compared with existing practice (control) on the incidence of MRSA or VRE colonization or infection in adult ICUs. Surveillance cultures were obtained from patients in all participating ICUs; the results were reported only to ICUs assigned to the intervention. In intervention ICUs, patients who were colonized or infected with MRSA or VRE were assigned to care with contact precautions; all the other patients were assigned to care with universal gloving until their discharge or until surveillance cultures obtained at admission were reported to be negative.During a 6-month intervention period, there were 5434 admissions to 10 intervention ICUs, and 3705 admissions to 8 control ICUs. Patients who were colonized or infected with MRSA or VRE were assigned to barrier precautions more frequently in intervention ICUs than in control ICUs (a median of 92% of ICU days with either contact precautions or universal gloving [51% with contact precautions and 43% with universal gloving] in intervention ICUs vs. a median of 38% of ICU days with contact precautions in control ICUs, P<0.001). In intervention ICUs, health care providers used clean gloves, gowns, and hand hygiene less frequently than required for contacts with patients assigned to barrier precautions; when contact precautions were specified, gloves were used for a median of 82% of contacts, gowns for 77% of contacts, and hand hygiene after 69% of contacts, and when universal gloving was specified, gloves were used for a median of 72% of contacts and hand hygiene after 62% of contacts. The mean (±SE) ICU-level incidence of events of colonization or infection with MRSA or VRE per 1000 patient-days at risk, adjusted for baseline incidence, did not differ significantly between the intervention and control ICUs (40.4±3.3 and 35.6±3.7 in the two groups, respectively; P=0.35).The intervention was not effective in reducing the transmission of MRSA or VRE, although the use of barrier precautions by providers was less than what was required. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; STAR*ICU ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00100386.).
Strongly amphiphilic photosensitizers are not substrates of the cancer stem cell marker ABCG2 and provides specific and efficient light-triggered drug delivery of an EGFR-targeted cytotoxic drug
Authors: Pål Kristian Selbo, Anette Weyergang, Marius Strømbo Eng, Monica Bostad, Gunhild M. Mælandsmo, Anders Høgset, Kristian Berg
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Genetic Defects in Severe Congenital Neutropenia: Emerging Insights into Life and Death of Human Neutrophil Granulocytes
Authors: Christoph Klein
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2011)

The discovery of genetic defects causing congenital neutropenia has illuminated mechanisms controlling differentiation, circulation, and decay of neutrophil granulocytes. Deficiency of the mitochondrial proteins HAX1 and AK2 cause premature apoptosis of myeloid progenitor cells associated with dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas mutations in ELA2/ELANE and G6PC3 are associated with signs of increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mutations in the transcriptional repressor GFI1 and the cytoskeletal regulator WASP also lead to defective neutrophil production. This unexpected diversity of factors suggests that multiple pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of congenital neutropenia.
Prevalent Serum Antibody Is Not a Marker of Immune Protection against Acquisition of Oncogenic HPV16 in Men
Authors: Beibei Lu, Raphael P. Viscidi, Yougui Wu, Ji-Hyun Lee, Alan G. Nyitray, Luisa L. Villa, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Roberto J. Carvalho da Silva, Maria Luiza Baggio, Manuel Quiterio, Jorge Salmeron, Danelle C. Smith, Martha E. Abrahamsen, Mary R. Papenfuss, Heather G. Stockwell, Anna R. Giuliano
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

In women, naturally induced anti-human papilloma virus (HPV) serum antibodies are a likely marker of host immune protection against subsequent HPV acquisition and progression to precancerous lesions and cancers. However, it is unclear whether the same is the case in men. In this study, we assessed the risk of incident genital infection and 6-month persistent genital infection with HPV16 in relation to baseline serostatus in a cohort of 2,187 men over a 48-month period. Genital swabs were collected every 6 months and tested for HPV presence. Incidence proportions by serostatus were calculated at each study visit to examine whether potential immune protection attenuated over time. Overall, incidence proportions did not differ statistically between baseline seropositive and seronegative men at any study visit or over the follow-up period. The risk of incident and 6-month persistent infection was not associated with baseline serostatus or baseline serum antibody levels in the cohort. Our findings suggest that baseline HPV seropositivity in men is not associated with reduced risk of subsequent HPV16 acquisition. Thus, prevalent serum antibodies induced by prior infection may not be a suitable marker for subsequent immune protection against genital HPV16 acquisition in men.
Parts, features, and expertise
Authors: James Tanaka
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Research in expert categorization is consistent with the Schyns et al. claim that functional features are determined by constraints imposed by the learning history of the categorizer and the demands of the categorization task. However, the expertise work also suggests that a distinction should be drawn between the categorizer's perceptions of the constituent parts of the object and its functional features. Although experts and novices may parse a domain-specific object into the same parts, their featural interpretations of those parts may differ significantly.
Exaggerated bronchoconstriction due to inhalation challenges with occupational agents
Authors: J‐L. Malo, A. Cartier, C. Lemière, A. Desjardins, M. Labrecque, J. L'Archevêque, G. Perrault, J. Lesage, Y. Cloutier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Inhalation challenges with occupational agents are used to confirm the aetiology of occupational asthma. It has been proposed that using closed-circuit equipment rather than the realistic challenge method would improve the methodology of these tests. Changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) were examined in 496 subjects with “positive specific inhalation challenges”, i.e. changes in FEV 1 of ≥20% after exposure to an occupational agent, including 357 subjects exposed by the realistic method, 108 using the closed-circuit method and 31 by both methods. For immediate reactions, 18 of 95 (19%) showed changes in FEV 1 of ≥30% with the closed-circuit method, whereas a significantly larger proportion, i.e. 77 of 200 (38.5%), showed such changes using the realistic method. As regards nonimmediate reactions, changes in FEV 1 of ≥30% occurred in 16 of 43 (37%) cases with the closed-circuit method as compared to a larger proportion, i.e. 87 of 180 (48%) cases, using the realistic method. This favourable effect was significantly more pronounced in workers with higher levels of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. It is concluded that, for agents that can be generated using the closed-circuit method, use of such apparatus results in a smaller proportion of exaggerated bronchoconstriction than does the realistic method, this being particularly true for low-molecular weight agents.
Studies of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in King County, Washington
Authors: C. George Ray
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Since January 1965, a study of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in King County, Washington, has been conducted. Between August 1966 and June 1968, major changes in the protocol included the study of SIDS patients and controls as soon as possible after death, with extensive respiratory sampling, and strict avoidance of freezing of specimens before inoculation into tissue cultures. With use of this protocol, "significant" (nonpoliovirus) isolates were found in 37.5% of SIDS cases and in only 16.2% of controls. A diversity of serotypes was found. Viruses may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of SIDS, and some serotypes may have relatively greater importance than others. However, until the pathogenesis of this syndrome is more clearly defined, the relative significance of any single factor must remain speculative.
Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients with Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: MARCO CONFALONIERI, ALFREDO POTENA, GIORGIO CARBONE, ROSSANA DELLA PORTA, ELIZABETH A. TOLLEY, G. UMBERTO MEDURI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

In uncontrolled studies, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) was found useful in avoiding endotracheal intubation in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) caused by severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We conducted a prospective, randomized study comparing standard treatment plus NPPV delivered through a face mask to standard treatment alone in patients with severe CAP and ARF. Patients fitting the American Thoracic Society criteria for severe CAP were included in presence of ARF (refractory hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia with acidosis). Exclusion criteria were: severe hemodynamic instability, requirement for emergent cardiopulmonary resuscitation, home mechanical ventilation or oxygen long-term supplementation, concomitant severe disease with a low expectation of life, inability to expectorate or contraindications to the use of the mask. Fifty-six consecutive patients (28 in each arm) were enrolled, and the two groups were similar at study entry. The use of NPPV was well tolerated, safe, and associated with a significant reduction in respiratory rate, need for endotracheal intubation (21% versus 50%; p = 0.03), and duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (1.8 +/- 0.7 d versus 6 +/- 1.8 d; p = 0.04). The two groups had a similar intensity of nursing care workload, time interval from study entry to endotracheal intubation, duration of hospitalization, and hospital mortality. Among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), those randomized to NPPV had a lower intensity of nursing care workload (p = 0.04) and improved 2-mo survival (88.9% versus 37.5%; p = 0.05). We conclude that in selected patients with ARF caused by severe CAP, NPPV was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of endotracheal intubation and duration of ICU stay. A 2-mo survival advantage was seen in patients with COPD.
Meta-Analysis of Concomitant Versus Sequential Radiochemotherapy in Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Anne Aupérin, Cecile Le Péchoux, Estelle Rolland, Walter J. Curran, Kiyoyuki Furuse, Pierre Fournel, Jose Belderbos, Gerald Clamon, Hakki Cuneyt Ulutin, Rebecca Paulus, Takeharu Yamanaka, Marie-Cecile Bozonnat, Apollonia Uitterhoeve, Xiaofei Wang, Lesley Stewart, Rodrigo Arriagada, Sarah Burdett, Jean-Pierre Pignon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

The previous individual patient data meta-analyses of chemotherapy in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed that adding sequential or concomitant chemotherapy to radiotherapy improved survival. The NSCLC Collaborative Group performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials directly comparing concomitant versus sequential radiochemotherapy.Systematic searches for trials were undertaken, followed by central collection, checking, and reanalysis of updated individual patient data. Results from trials were combined using the stratified log-rank test to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs). The primary outcome was overall survival; secondary outcomes were progression-free survival, cumulative incidences of locoregional and distant progression, and acute toxicity.Of seven eligible trials, data from six trials were received (1,205 patients, 92% of all randomly assigned patients). Median follow-up was 6 years. There was a significant benefit of concomitant radiochemotherapy on overall survival (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.95; P = .004), with an absolute benefit of 5.7% (from 18.1% to 23.8%) at 3 years and 4.5% at 5 years. For progression-free survival, the HR was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.01; P = .07). Concomitant treatment decreased locoregional progression (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.95; P = .01); its effect was not different from that of sequential treatment on distant progression (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.25; P = .69). Concomitant radiochemotherapy increased acute esophageal toxicity (grade 3-4) from 4% to 18% with a relative risk of 4.9 (95% CI, 3.1 to 7.8; P < .001). There was no significant difference regarding acute pulmonary toxicity.Concomitant radiochemotherapy, as compared with sequential radiochemotherapy, improved survival of patients with locally advanced NSCLC, primarily because of a better locoregional control, but at the cost of manageable increased acute esophageal toxicity.
<i>CD83</i> Gene Polymorphisms Increase Susceptibility to Human Invasive Cervical Cancer
Authors: Zhengyan Zhang, Ingrid Borecki, Loan Nguyen, Duanduan Ma, Kimberly Smith, Phyllis C. Huettner, David G. Mutch, Thomas J. Herzog, Randall K. Gibb, Matthew A. Powell, Perry W. Grigsby, L. Stewart Massad, Enrique Hernandez, Patricia L. Judson, Elizabeth M. Swisher, Sara Crowder, Jianduan Li, Daniela S. Gerhard, Janet S. Rader
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

We previously mapped a nonrandom frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) region in cervical cancers to 1 Mb of 6p23. Here, we describe the identification of a novel cervical cancer susceptibility gene, CD83. The gene was identified by several complementary approaches, including a family-based association study, comparison of transcript expression in normal and cancerous tissue, and genomic sequencing of candidate. CD83 encodes an inducible glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily and is a marker for mature dendritic cells. The association study that includes 377 family trios showed that five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within 8 kb of its 3'-end showed significant allelic association that was strengthened in a subgroup of women with invasive cancers infected by high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 (rs9296925, P = 0.0193; rs853360, P = 0.0035; rs9230, P = 0.0011; rs9370729, P = 0.0012; rs750749, P = 0.0133). Investigation of CD83 uncovered three alternative transcripts in cervical tissue and cell lines, with variant 3 (lacking exons 3 and 4) being more frequent in cervical cancer than in normal cervical epithelium (P = 0.0181). Genomic sequencing on 36 paired normal and cervical tumors revealed several somatic mutations and novel SNPs in the promoter, exons, and introns of CD83. LOH was confirmed in >90% of cervical cancer specimens. Immunofluorescence colocalized CD83 protein to the Golgi apparatus and cell membrane of cervical cancer cell lines. None of seven nearby genes was differentially expressed in cervical cancer. The importance of CD83 in epithelial versus dendritic cells needs to be determined, as does its role in promoting cervical cancer.
Regulation of interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 inhibitor release by human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Y. Yang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

In asthma, human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) regulate the intensity of mucosal inflammation, in part, by releasing the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. However, the IL-1β inhibitors, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1RII), regulate IL-1β bioactivity. In order to better understand the control of IL-1β activity in the airway mucosa, the role(s) of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the release of IL-1β and its inhibitors by cultured HAECs were examined. HAECs were treated with TNF-α (2–200 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup>), dibutyryl cAMP (0.01–1 mM), 8-bromo-cGMP (0.01–1 mM) or vehicle for 24 h, and cytokine levels in the HAEC-conditioned medium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HAECs produced IL-1β, IL-1RA and sIL-1RII constitutively, but the inhibitor concentrations greatly exceeded that of IL-1β (by ∼100- and ∼550-fold, respectively). TNF-α dose-dependently increased the levels of all IL-1β cytokine family members. However, over the range of TNF-α concentrations studied, IL-1β concentration increased more than those of its inhibitors. cAMP increased constitutive and TNF-α-stimulated IL-1β release but reduced that of sIL-1RII. In contrast, cGMP had no effect on IL-1β but reduced IL-1RA and sIL-1RII release. Under basal conditions, the disproportionate release of inhibitors relative to interleukin-1β by human airway epithelial cells probably prevents interleukin-1β-mediated biological effects. Tumour necrosis factor-α, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate may potentiate mucosal inflammation by increasing interleukin-1β levels relative to those of its inhibitors in the airway mucosa.
Ruptured Intestine from Accident: Laparotomy: Suture of Gut: Recovery
Authors: W. T. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1894)

o 135 perature was never above the normal after the first day, and the pulse was generally between 80 and 90 per minute.The paralysis of the sixth nerve in this case made the diagnosis rather uncertain, the lesion being either a basal meningitis of limited extent, or a tuberculous tumour which afterwards became quiescent.If the latter, the amenorrhcea was, perhaps, purely accidental, or, if the former, had they any relation to one another as cause and effect ?