tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes in U.S. Nursing Homes, 2004
Authors: Helaine E. Resnick, Janice Heineman, Robyn Stone, Ronald I. Shorr
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The 2004 National Nursing Home Survey collected cross-sectional data for 11,939 nursing home residents aged >or=65 years representing approximately 1.32 million individuals. That year, 24.6% of nursing home residents had diabetes as a primary admission and/or current diagnosis. Diabetes was present in 22.5 and 35.6% of white and nonwhite residents, respectively. Diabetic residents were admitted more often from acute care hospitals (42.5 vs. 35.3%), were more likely to have a length of stay <or=100 days (22.6 vs. 20.1%), and took more medications (10.3 vs. 8.4). Diabetic residents had 39% higher odds of having emergency department visits in the previous 90 days and 56% higher odds of having a pressure ulcer at the time of the survey. In the U.S. in 2004, one in four nursing home residents aged >or=65 years had diabetes, and diabetic residents had increased odds of several unfavorable outcomes that are important for care planning.
Extended Work Duration and the Risk of Self-reported Percutaneous Injuries in Interns
Authors: Najib T. Ayas, Laura K. Barger, Brian E. Cade, Dean M. Hashimoto, Bernard Rosner, John W. Cronin, Frank E. Speizer, Charles A. Czeisler
Journal: JAMA (2006)

In their first year of postgraduate training, interns commonly work shifts that are longer than 24 hours. Extended-duration work shifts are associated with increased risks of automobile crash, particularly during a commute from work. Interns may be at risk for other occupation-related injuries.To assess the relationship between extended work duration and rates of percutaneous injuries in a diverse population of interns in the United States.National prospective cohort study of 2737 of the estimated 18,447 interns in US postgraduate residency programs from July 2002 through May 2003. Each month, comprehensive Web-based surveys that asked about work schedules and the occurrence of percutaneous injuries in the previous month were sent to all participants. Case-crossover within-subjects analyses were performed.Comparisons of rates of percutaneous injuries during day work (6:30 am to 5:30 pm) after working overnight (extended work) vs day work that was not preceded by working overnight (nonextended work). We also compared injuries during the nighttime (11:30 pm to 7:30 am) vs the daytime (7:30 am to 3:30 pm).From a total of 17,003 monthly surveys, 498 percutaneous injuries were reported (0.029/intern-month). In 448 injuries, at least 1 contributing factor was reported. Lapse in concentration and fatigue were the 2 most commonly reported contributing factors (64% and 31% of injuries, respectively). Percutaneous injuries were more frequent during extended work compared with nonextended work (1.31/1000 opportunities vs 0.76/1000 opportunities, respectively; odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-1.78). Extended work injuries occurred after a mean of 29.1 consecutive work hours; nonextended work injuries occurred after a mean of 6.1 consecutive work hours. Injuries were more frequent during the nighttime than during the daytime (1.48/1000 opportunities vs 0.70/1000 opportunities, respectively; OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.98-2.11).Extended work duration and night work were associated with an increased risk of percutaneous injuries in this study population of physicians during their first year of clinical training.
Proinflammatory cytokines and hemofiltration membranes.
Authors: S Goldfarb, T A Golper
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

To determine whether the clinical improvement noted in some septic patients undergoing hemofiltration is in part due to the removal of proinflammatory mediators, in vitro hemofiltration of a 1% albumin solution containing recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 was performed through a variety of hemofilters. Observed sieving coefficients of these cytokines was much higher (up to 0.35) than expected, considering their molecular weights of 17 kd. In addition, binding of up to 32% of the total mass to selected membranes (polyamide and AN69) was noted. These data are consistent with the concept that either the convective or adsorptive removal of proinflammatory cytokines may play role in the clinical efficacy of hemofiltration in sepsis.
Full Haplotype-Mismatched Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Phase II Study in Patients With Acute Leukemia at High Risk of Relapse
Authors: Franco Aversa, Adelmo Terenzi, Antonio Tabilio, Franca Falzetti, Alessandra Carotti, Stelvio Ballanti, Rita Felicini, Flavio Falcinelli, Andrea Velardi, Loredana Ruggeri, Teresa Aloisi, Jean Pierre Saab, Antonella Santucci, Katia Perruccio, Maria Paola Martelli, Cristina Mecucci, Yair Reisner, Massimo F. Martelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Establishment of hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC) transplantation from mismatched relatives is feasible for patients with acute leukemia. As our original method of graft processing was unsuitable for large-scale clinical studies, we use automated devices for CD34+ cell purification. Patients and Methods Sixty-seven patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 19 complete remission [CR] 1, 14 CR 2, nine CR &gt; 2, 25 in relapse) and 37 with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL; 14 CR 1, eight CR 2, two CR &gt; 2, 13 in relapse) were conditioned with total-body irradiation, thiotepa, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. Peripheral-blood progenitor cells were mobilized with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and depleted of T-cells using CD34+ cell immunoselection. No post-transplantation graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis was administered. Results Primary engraftment was achieved in 94 of 101 assessable patients. Six of the seven patients who rejected the primary graft, engrafted after a second transplantation. Overall, 100 of 101 patients engrafted. Acute GvHD developed in eight of 100 patients, and chronic GvHD, in five of 70 assessable patients. Thirty-eight patients died of nonleukemic causes. Relapse occurred in nine of 66 patients receiving transplantation in remission and in 17 of 38 receiving transplantation in relapse. Median follow-up of the 40 patients who survived event-free was 22 months (range, 1 to 65 months). Event-free survival (± standard deviation) rate was 48% ± 8% and 46% ± 10%, respectively, for the 42 AML and 24 ALL patients receiving transplantation in remission. Conclusion Our transplantation procedure provides reliable, reproducible CD34+ cell purification, high engraftment rates, and prevention of GvHD. The mismatched-related transplant emerges as a viable, alternative source of stem cells for acute leukemia patients without matched donors and/or those who urgently need transplantation.
Protein Kinase C ζ Transactivates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor α by Promoting Its Association with p300 in Renal Cancer
Authors: Kaustubh Datta, Jinping Li, Resham Bhattacharya, Levon Gasparian, Enfeng Wang, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Hydroxylation at an asparagine residue at the COOH-terminal activation domain of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1/2 αs is essential for its inactivation under normoxic condition. To date, the mechanism by which HIF-α avoids the inhibitory effect of asparagine hydroxylase in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in normoxia is undefined. We have shown herein that protein kinase C (PKC) ζ has an important role in HIF-α activation in RCC. By using dominant negative mutant and small interference RNA approaches, we have demonstrated that the association between HIF-α and p300 is modulated by PKCζ. Moreover, a novel signaling pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase and PKCζ has been shown to be responsible for the activation of HIF-α by inhibiting the mRNA expression of FIH-1 (factor inhibiting HIF-1) in RCC and thereby promoting the transcription of hypoxia-inducible genes such as vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor.
Assessing Mammography's Benefits and Harms
Authors: C. Schmidt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Still, according to Barnett Kramer, M.D., director of the National Cancer Institute’s Division of Cancer Prevention, majority opinion in the field now holds that false alarms from mammography far outnumber averted deaths. “Give or take a few percentage points, the chance of a false alarm from mammography in the United States is roughly 10%,” he said. “That’s at least an order of magnitude higher than the chance of avoiding death from breast cancer.” And because most mammography trials were launched before advanced treatments such as adjuvant therapy became available, the discrepancy between treatmentand screening-related benefits is probably growing, Kramer added.
Are Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules Involved in the Survival of Naive CD4+ T Cells?
Authors: Isabelle Grandjean, Livine Duban, Elizabeth A. Bonney, Erwan Corcuff, James P. Di Santo, Polly Matzinger, Olivier Lantz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

The exact role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in the peripheral survival of naive T cells is controversial, as some studies have suggested that they are critically required whereas others have suggested that they are not. Here we controlled for some of the features that differed among the earlier studies, and analyzed both the survival and expansion of naive CD4+ T cells transferred into MHC syngeneic, allogeneic, or MHC negative environments. We found that naive T cells transferred into MHC negative or allogeneic environments often fail to survive because of rejection and/or competition by natural killer (NK) cells, rather than failure to recognize a particular MHC allele. In the absence of NK cells, naive CD4+ T cells survived equally well regardless of the MHC type of the host. There was, however, an MHC requirement for extensive space-induced “homeostatic” expansion. Although the first few divisions occurred in the absence of MHC molecules, the cells did not continue to divide or transit to a CD44hi phenotype. Surprisingly, this MHC requirement could be satisfied by alleles other than the restricting haplotype. Therefore, space-induced expansion and survival are two different phenomena displaying different MHC requirements. Memory CD4+ T cells, whose survival and expansion showed no requirements for MHC molecules at all, dampened the space-induced expansion of naive cells, showing that the two populations are not independent in their requirements for peripheral niches.
Midlife Body Mass Index and Total Mortality
Authors: Huai Yong Cheng
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Venous thromboembolism in women: a specific reproductive health risk
Authors: S. Eichinger, J.L.H. Evers, A. Glasier, C. La Vecchia, I. Martinelli, S. Skouby, E. Somigliana, D.T. Baird, G. Benagiano, P.G. Crosignani, L. Gianaroli, E. Negri, A. Volpe, A. Glasier, P.G. Crosignani
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2013)

METHODSSearches were performed in Medline and other databases. The selection criteria were high-quality studies and studies relevant to clinical reproductive medicine. Summaries were presented and discussed by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology Workshop Group.
Discrimination of aqueous and vinegary extracts of Shixiao San using metabolomics coupled with multivariate data analysis and evaluation of anti-hyperlipidemic effect
Authors: Xiaofan Wang, Xu Zhao, Liqiang Gu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Kaishun Bi, Xiaohui Chen
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

A novel study using LC–MS (Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of Shixiao San. Batches of these two kinds of samples were subjected to analysis, and the datasets of sample codes, tR-m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed with principal component analysis (PCA). The result of score plot showed a clear classification of the aqueous and vinegar groups. And the chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out on the loading plot. The identities of the chemical markers were performed by comparing the mass fragments and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or the known compounds published in the literatures. Based on the proposed strategy, quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeeridoside, kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-(2G-α-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside were explored as representative markers in distinguishing the vinegar extract from the aqueous extract. The anti-hyperlipidemic activities of two processed extracts of Shixiao San were examined on serum levels of lipids, lipoprotein and blood antioxidant enzymes in a rat hyperlipidemia model, and the vinegary extract, exerting strong lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects, was superior to the aqueous extract. Therefore, boiling with vinegary was predicted as the greatest processing procedure for anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Shixiao San. Furthermore, combining the changes in the metabolic profiling and bioactivity evaluation, the five representative markers may be related to the observed anti-hyperlipidemic effect.
Prevalence and prognostic role of microsatellite instability in patients with rectal carcinoma
Authors: M. Colombino, A. Cossu, A. Manca, M.F. Dedola, M. Giordano, F. Scintu, A. Curci, A. Avallone, G. Comella, M. Amoruso, A. Margari, G.M. Bonomo, M. Castriota, F. Tanda, G. Palmieri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Treatment of Placenta Praevia
Authors: H. G. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1938)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Representational biases that are common in biological data can inflate prediction performance and confound our understanding of how and what machine learning (ML) models learn from large complicated datasets. However, auditing for these biases is not a common practice in ML in the life sciences. Here, we devise a systematic auditing framework and harness it to audit three different ML applications of significant therapeutic interest: prediction frameworks of protein-protein interactions, drug-target bioactivity, and MHC-peptide binding. Through this, we identify unrecognized biases that hinder the ML process and result in low model generalizability. Ultimately, we show that, when there is insufficient signal in the training data, ML models are likely to learn primarily from representational biases.
Sp1 acetylation is associated with loss of DNA binding at promoters associated with cell cycle arrest and cell death in a colon cell line
Authors: Jennifer S Waby, Haridasan Chirakkal, ChenWei Yu, Gareth J Griffiths, Roderick SP Benson, Colin D Bingle, Bernard M Corfe
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Butyrate, a known histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and product of fibre fermentation, is postulated to mediate the protective effect of dietary fibre against colon cancer. The transcription factor Sp1 is a target of acetylation and is known to be associated with class I HDACs, including HDAC1. Sp1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor and Sp1-regulated genes include those involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and lipogenesis: all major pathways in cancer development. The only known acetylated residue of Sp1 is lysine703 which resides in the DNA binding domain. Here we show that acetylated Sp1 loses p21- and bak-promoter -binding function in vitro . Furthermore treatment with a panel of HDAC inhibitors showed clustering of activities for a subset of inhibitors, causing G2 cell cycle arrest, Sp1 acetylation, p21 and Bak over-expression, all with very similar EC 50 concentrations. These HDACi activities were not distributed according to the molecular class of compound. In order to mimic loss of binding, an siRNA strategy was used to reduce Sp1 expression. This resulted in altered expression of multiple elements of the p53/p21 pathway. Taken together our data suggest a mechanistic model for the chemopreventive actions of butyrate in colon epithelial cells, and provide new insight into the differential activities some classes of HDAC inhibitors.
In vitro expansion of CD3/TCR- human thymocyte populations that selectively lack CD3 delta gene expression: a phenotypic and functional analysis.
Authors: A Poggi, R Biassoni, N Pella, F Paolieri, R Bellomo, A Bertolini, L Moretta, M C Mingari
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Highly purified CD1-3-4-8- human thymocytes were obtained by panning techniques combined with cell depletion with antibody-coated magnetic beads. Most of these cells expressed cytoplasmic CD3 antigen, as assessed by mAbs known to react with the CD3 epsilon chain. After culture with low doses of PMA (0.5 ng/ml) and subsequent addition (at 24 h) of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2; 100 U/ml) cells underwent extensive proliferation (40-60-fold of the initial cell input after 2 wk). The majority of the proliferating cells were CD3-TCR-. The remaining cells (5-40%) were represented by CD3+ TCR gamma/delta+ (BB3- A13+) cells. Further removal of CD3+ TCR-gamma/delta+ cells resulted in highly purified CD3- populations that further proliferated in culture with no substantial phenotypic changes. When CD3+ thymocytes were cultured under the same experimental conditions, only CD3+ TCR-alpha/beta+ cells could be detected, thus indicating that PMA did not affect the surface expression of the CD3/TCR complex, but rather induced preferential growth of CD3- thymocytes. Surface marker analysis of cultured CD3- thymocytes showed that they were homogeneously CD7+, whereas low proportions of cells expressed CD2 and CD8 antigens. Among the natural killer (NK) cell markers, CD56 was highly expressed by all cells, whereas CD16, CD57, CD11b, NKH2, and GL183 were absent. Importantly, these cells were different from peripheral NK cells, as 80-95% of them expressed cytoplasmic CD3 antigen. Functional analysis revealed a strong cytolytic activity against both NK-sensitive (K562) and NK-resistant (M14, Daudi) human target cells. In a redirected killing assay against the Fc gamma R+ P815 cells, mAbs specific for triggering molecules including CD3, CD2, and CD16 failed to augment target cell lysis, while a strong cytolytic effect was induced by PHA. In addition, PHA alone or in combination with PMA induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) (but not IL-2) production by CD3- thymocytes. Cloning of fresh CD1-3-4-8-thymocytes in the presence of PMA and rIL-2 resulted in CD3-CD56+ clones that displayed a pattern of cytolytic activity and lymphokine production similar to that of the polyclonal populations. Northern blot analysis of transcripts coding for CD3/TCR molecules revealed the presence of CD3 zeta, epsilon, and gamma transcripts, while CD3 delta was undetectable. Mature transcripts for both gamma and delta TCR chains could be detected, whereas no TCR-alpha mRNA and only a truncated (1.0 kb) form of TCR-beta mRNA were revealed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Enhancement and Retardation of Spontaneous Reticulum Cell Neoplasm Development in SJL/J Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Ben-Yaakov, A Meshorer, N Haran-Ghera
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The enhancement or delay in the appearance of spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasms (RCN-B) in SJL/J mice was tested. Immunosuppressive treatment with antithymocyte serum and prolonged antigenic stimulation by repeated injections of sheep erythrocytes, leukemogenic cell-free centrifugates, and multichain synthetic polypeptides had no effect on the incidence or latency of spontaneous tumor appearance. Treatment with mineral oil or incomplete Freund adjuvant markedly enhanced tumor appearance (though the abundance of plasma cells induced by these treatments did not evoke the development of plasmacytomas, nor did it affect the incidence of serum paraproteinemia among mice with spontaneous tumors). Treatment with cortisone acetate, however, markedly retarded spontaneous tumor development. Tumors occurring early due to mineral oil and adjuvant treatment all had the characteristics of "RCN-B plasma cell type," and tumors occurring late due to cortisone treatment were all of the "RCN-B reticulum cell type." The possible involvement of the stem cell pool size in the enhancement or delay of spontaneous tumor development was discussed.
Effectiveness of cervical spine stabilisation techniques
Authors: P Boissy, I Shrier, J Mellete, L Fecteau, G O Matheson, D Garza, W H Meeuwisse, E Segal, J Boulay, R Steele
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Proper stabilisation of suspected unstable spine injuries is necessary to prevent (worsen) spinal cord damage. Although the lift-and-slide (L&amp;S) technique has been shown superior to the log-roll (LR) technique to place the body on the spinal board, no studies have yet compared different techniques of manual stabilisation of the c-spine itself. Objective To compare cervical motions that occur when trained professionals perform the Head Squeeze (HS) and Trap Squeeze (TS) c-spine stabilisation techniques. Design Cross-over. Setting and participants 12 experienced therapists. Assessment HS and TS during lift-and-slide (L&amp;S) and LR placement on spinal board, and agitated patient trying to trying to sit up (AGIT-Sit) or rotate his head (AGIT-Rot). Main outcome measurements Peak head motion with respect to initial conditions using inertial measurement units attached to the forehead and trunk of the simulated patient. Comparisons between HS and TS with a priori minimal important difference (MID) of 5° for flexion or extension, and 3° for rotation or lateral flexion. Results Overall, the L&amp;S technique was statistically superior to the LR technique. The only differences to exceed the MID were extension and rotation during LR (HS&gt;TS). In the AGIT-Sit test scenario, differences in motion exceeded MID (HS&gt;TS) for flexion, rotation and lateral flexion. In the AGIT-Rot scenario, differences in motion exceeded MID for rotation only (HS&gt;TS). There was similar inter-trial variability of motion for HS and TS during L&amp;S and LR, but significantly more variability with HS compared to TS in the agitated patient. Conclusion The L&amp;S is preferable to the LR when possible for minimizing unwanted c-spine motion. There is little overall difference between HS and TS in a cooperative patient. When a patient is confused and trying to move, the HS is much worse than the TS at minimizing c-spine motion.