tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of stabilisation training on trunk muscle size, motor control, low back pain and player availability among elite australian rules football players
Authors: J Hides, W Stanton, M D Mendis, J Gildea
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Among the injuries in Australian Rules Football League (AFL), hip, thigh and groin muscle injuries are highly prevalent. The prevalence rates of injuries classified as ‘trunk/back’ in the AFL injury report have not decreased over the past 16 years. In addition, low back pain (LBP) is common among AFL players. Deficits within the lumbo-pelvic region such as impaired motor control, is thought to contribute to injuries. Objective To investigate the effect of a staged stabilisation training program on trunk muscle size and motor control. Design Randomised control trial. Setting MRI examinations were carried out in a hospital setting, and the stabilisation training was conducted at the AFL club premises. Participants 42 male elite players representing the training squad of an AFL club, participated in the study. Interventions The stabilisation program involved voluntary contraction of the multifidus, transversus abdominis, and pelvic floor muscles, with real-time feedback from rehabilitative ultrasound imaging, progressed from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing positions. Training sessions were 30 min in duration, and were conducted twice per week for 7–15 weeks. Main outcome measurements The dependent variables were the cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the multifidus muscles, the ability to draw in the abdominal wall (CSA of the trunk, relaxed versus contracted), pain (Visual analogue scale) and player availability for competition games. Results In the control group, multifidus muscle CSA decreased. Stabilisation training was associated with an increase in multifidus muscle CSA and an increased amount of abdominal wall draw-in. This was concomitant with a decrease in LBP and an increase in player availability. Conclusion Alterations in muscle size and motor control can exist in highly active, elite athletes. Specific retraining during the season was effective in terms of increasing availability of players and decreasing LBP.
Self-management Counseling in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Lynda H. Powell, James E. Calvin, Dejuran Richardson, Imke Janssen, Carlos F. Mendes de Leon, Kristin J. Flynn, Kathleen L. Grady, Cheryl S. Rucker-Whitaker, Claudia Eaton, Elizabeth Avery, for the HART Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Motivating patients with heart failure to adhere to medical advice has not translated into clinical benefit, but past trials have had methodological limitations.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the value of self-management counseling plus heart failure education, compared with heart failure education alone, for the primary end point of death or heart failure hospitalization.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>The Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial (HART), a single-center, multiple-hospital, partially blinded behavioral efficacy randomized controlled trial involving 902 patients with mild to moderate heart failure and reduced or preserved systolic function, randomized from the Chicago metropolitan area between October 2001 and October 2004 and undergoing follow-up for 2 to 3 subsequent years.<h3>Interventions</h3>All patients were offered 18 contacts and 18 heart failure educational tip sheets during the course of 1 year. Patients randomized to the education group received tip sheets in the mail and telephone calls to check comprehension. Patients randomized to the self-management group received tip sheets in groups and were taught self-management skills to implement the advice.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Death or heart failure hospitalization during a median of 2.56 years of follow-up.<h3>Results</h3>Patients were representative of typical clinical populations (mean age, 63.6 years; 47% women, 40% racial/ethnic minority, 52% with annual family income less than $30 000, and 23% with preserved systolic function). The rate of the primary end point in the self-management group was no different from that in the education group (163 [40.1%)] vs 171 [41.2%], respectively; odds ratio, 0.95 [95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.26]). There were no significant differences on any secondary end points, including death, heart failure hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, or quality of life.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Compared with an enhanced educational intervention alone, the addition of self-management counseling did not reduce death or heart failure hospitalization in patients with mild to moderate heart failure.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00018005
Habitual Physical Activity and Health.
Authors: K. L. Andersen, R. Masironi, J. Rutenfranz, V. Seliger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

HABITUAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH , HABITUAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Fildes and "The Doctor"
Authors: G. Edmund Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1973)

One of the most popular paintings at the turn of the century was "The Doctor." More than a million engravings of it appeared in the United States in parlors and physicians' waiting rooms. Painted by Sir Luke Fildes, RA (Royal Academy), in 1891 for Sir Henry Tate, it still hangs in the museum Sir Henry founded, the Tate Gallery in London. Hailed as a Victorian masterpiece when it was painted, the reactions of the public and the profession, at the time and throughout the years, help us understand the patient's image of the physician and the physician's image of himself. There is little hope in this sad picture. The child is seriously ill, quite near to death. The mother is sobbing in the background, comforted by her husband. The child rests on a roughly made bed of two chairs, and the doctor sits brooding before her. There is no more
Strong Regional Biases in Nucleotide Substitution in the Chicken Genome
Authors: Matthew T. Webster, Erik Axelsson, Hans Ellegren
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Interspersed repeats have emerged as a valuable tool for studying neutral patterns of molecular evolution. Here we analyze variation in the rate and pattern of nucleotide substitution across all autosomes in the chicken genome by comparing the present-day CR1 repeat sequences with their ancestral copies and reconstructing nucleotide substitutions with a maximum likelihood model. The results shed light on the origin and evolution of large-scale heterogeneity in GC content found in the genomes of birds and mammals—the isochore structure. In contrast to mammals, where GC content is becoming homogenized, heterogeneity in GC content is being reinforced in the chicken genome. This is also supported by patterns of substitution inferred from alignments of introns in chicken, turkey, and quail. Analysis of individual substitution frequencies is consistent with the biased gene conversion (BGC) model of isochore evolution, and it is likely that patterns of evolution in the chicken genome closely resemble those in the ancestral amniote genome, when it is inferred that isochores originated. Microchromosomes and distal regions of macrochromosomes are found to have elevated substitution rates and a more GC-biased pattern of nucleotide substitution. This can largely be accounted for by a strong correlation between GC content and the rate and pattern of substitution. The results suggest that an interaction between increased mutability at CpG motifs and fixation biases due to BGC could explain increased levels of divergence in GC-rich regions.
First-Line Chemotherapy With Cisplatin Plus Fractionated Temozolomide in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Phase II Study of the Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo di Neuro-Oncologia
Authors: Alba A. Brandes, Umberto Basso, Michele Reni, Francesca Vastola, Alicia Tosoni, Giovanna Cavallo, Luciano Scopece, Andres J. Ferreri, Maria G. Panucci, Silvio Monfardini, Mario Ermani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose Cisplatin and temozolomide (TMZ) are active in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), with different profiles of toxicity. A bid regimen of TMZ achieves a strong inhibition of O 6 -alkylguanine DNA-alkyl transferase (AGAT), and cisplatin reduces AGAT activity in vitro, suggesting a possible synergic interaction. The primary end point of the present multicenter phase II study was progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months (PFS-6); secondary end points included response, toxicity, and overall survival. Patients and Methods Chemotherapy-naive patients with GBM who experienced disease recurrence or progression after surgery and standard radiotherapy were eligible. Chemotherapy cycles consisted of cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 on day 1, TMZ 130 mg/m 2 bolus followed by nine doses of 70 mg/m 2 every 12 hours (total of 5 days) from day 2 every 4 weeks. In the absence of hematologic toxicity, TMZ was escalated to 1,000 mg/m 2 in 5 days. Results A total of 50 patients (median age, 53.4 years; range, 27 to 70 years; median Karnofsky performance status, 80; range, 60 to 100) were accrued in the study. PFS-6 was 34% (95% CI, 23% to 50%), and PFS-12 was 4% (95% CI, 0.3% to 16%). Median PFS was 18.4 weeks (95% CI, 13 to 25.9 weeks). Among 49 assessable patients, one complete response and nine partial responses were obtained, with an overall response rate of 20.4% (95% CI, 7.7% to 33%). Among 203 treatment cycles delivered, the most common grade 3 or grade 4 events included granulocytopenia in 7.9% of cycles, thrombocytopenia in 4%, and neurologic toxicity in three patients (6%). Conclusion The new cisplatin plus bid TMZ regimen appears active in chemotherapy-naive patients with recurrent GBM and incurs an acceptable toxicity.
Fragile lung in the Marfan syndrome.
Authors: J A Turner, N N Stanley
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Two cases of the Marfan syndrome presented with spontaneous pneumothorax. Both had chest radiographs showing bilateral bullae in the upper lung zones and pulmonary function tests consistent with mild emphysema. There were dereases in forced expiratory flow rates at low lung volumes, carbon monoxide transfer factor, and lung elastic recoil. It is suggested that pneumothorax and bullous emphysema in this syndrome are caused by a weakness in the pulmonary connective tissue framework.
New autoantibodies associated with early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: C. Charpin, M. Martin, N. Balandraud, E. Toussirot, D. Wendling, J. Roudier, I. Auger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoantibody mediated disease. Among the various autoantibodies known in RA, autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are highly specific. ACPAs are detected by an ELISA using synthetic cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP). Anti-CCP antibodies identify 60% of RA patients. A negative result in anti-CCP antibody testing does not exclude RA. Therefore, there is a great need for new biological markers. By using arrays containing 8000 human proteins, we have identified 24 'new autoantigens' associated with RA patients with disease duration less than 1 year. These results were obtained with the sera of 20 RA patients with disease duration less than 1 year versus 23 controls. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> To confirm these reactivities, we tested by ELISA the sera of extra RA patients and controls on these 24 'new autoantigens'. We tested 47 RA patients with disease duration less than 1 year and 25 RA patients with disease duration between 5 and 20 years. We also tested 66 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 21 patients with psoriasis arthritis (PsA) and 38 healthy subjects. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 24 proteins associated with early RA patients, we have identified 9 proteins (P1–P9) that are preferentially recognised by autoantibodies from early RA patients. Indeed, these proteins are recognised by 25–47% of RA patients with disease duration less than 1 year and less than 5% of controls. Of interest, autoantibodies to P1 are very specific for early RA. Indeed, 47% of RA patients9 sera recognise P1 versus 0% of AS patients (p&lt;10<sup>−7</sup>), 0% of PsA patients (p=0.0001) and 0% of healthy individuals (p&lt;10<sup>−5</sup>). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have identified 9 proteins which are recognised by the sera of patients with early RA. These proteins could potentially be used as diagnosis markers in RA patients.
Development and validation of a lung transplant-specific disability questionnaire
Authors: Jonathan Paul Singer, Paul David Blanc, Y Monica Dean, Steven Hays, Lorriana Leard, Jasleen Kukreja, Jeffrey Golden, Patricia P Katz
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Lung transplant (LT) aims to extend survival and improve patient-centred outcomes (PCOs) by reducing disability and improving health-related quality of life (HRQL). Few PCO instruments have been validated in LT populations. We aimed to develop and validate a shortened version of the valued life activities (VLA) disability scale specific to LT. <h3>Methods</h3> We used data from 140 subjects participating in an ongoing cohort study of LT. Subjects completed a survey battery, including VLA items, and physical assessments before LT. To develop a shortened LT-specific VLA (LT-VLA), we iteratively deleted items from a longer 32-item VLA battery, retaining the instrument9s conceptual framework, scoring and performance characteristics. We evaluated LT-VLA validity by testing correlations with a HRQL measure (Short Form-12 Physical Function (SF-12 PF) subscale), forced vital capacity % (FVC%) predicted and 6 minute walk distance (6MWD). Responsiveness was evaluated in 84 subjects who completed assessments before and after LT. <h3>Results</h3> The 15-item LT-VLA scoring closely matched the longer VLA (correlations ≥0.96) and had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach9s α 0.92). The LT-VLA required only 3 min or less to administer. The LT-VLA, measured as mean difficulty in performing each of the 15 activities queried, correlated with FVC% predicted (r=−0.30), 6MWD (r=−0.38) and SF-12 PF (r=−0.47) (all p&lt;0.01). The LT-VLA mean difficulty was responsive to change from before to after LT (63% improvement; effect size=1.60). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The LT-VLA is a short, easy to administer, valid and responsive disease-specific PCO instrument that may be useful in clinical and research applications for lung transplantation.
Reduction in mitochondrial potential constitutes an early irreversible step of programmed lymphocyte death in vivo.
Authors: N Zamzami, P Marchetti, M Castedo, C Zanin, J L Vayssière, P X Petit, G Kroemer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

In a number of experimental systems in which lymphocyte depletion was induced by apoptosis-inducing manipulations, no apoptotic morphology and ladder-type DNA fragmentation were detected among freshly isolated peripheral lymphocytes ex vivo. Here we report that one alteration that can be detected among splenocytes stimulated with lymphocyte-depleting doses of dexamethasone (DEX) in vivo is a reduced uptake of 3,3'dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6[3]), a fluorochrome which incorporates into cells dependent upon their mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi m). In contrast, ex vivo isolated splenocytes still lacked established signs of programmed cell death (PCD):DNA degradation into high or low molecular weight fragments, ultrastructural changes of chromatin arrangement and endoplasmatic reticulum, loss in viability, or accumulation of intracellular peroxides. Moreover, no changes in cell membrane potential could be detected. A reduced delta psi m has been observed in response to different agents inducing lymphoid cell depletion in vivo (superantigen and glucocorticoids [GC]), in mature T and B lymphocytes, as well as their precursors. DEX treatment in vivo, followed by cytofluorometric purification of viable delta psi mlow splenic T cells ex vivo, revealed that this fraction of cells is irreversibly committed to undergoing DNA fragmentation. Immediately after purification neither delta psi mlow, nor delta psi mhigh cells, exhibit detectable DNA fragmentation. However, after short-term culture (37 degrees C, 1 h) delta psi mlow cells show endonucleolysis, followed by cytolysis several hours later. Incubation of delta psi mlow cells in the presence of excess amount of the GC receptor antagonist RU38486 (which displaces DEX from the GC receptor), cytokines that inhibit DEX-induced cell death, or cycloheximide fails to prevent cytolysis. The antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, as well as linomide, an agent that effectively inhibits DEX or superantigen-induced lymphocyte depletion in vivo, also stabilize the DiOC6(3) uptake. In contrast, the endonuclease inhibitor, aurintricarboxylic acid acts at later stages of apoptosis and only retards the transition from the viable delta psi mlow to the nonviable fraction. Altogether, these data suggest a sequence of PCD-associated events in which a reduction in delta psi m constitutes an obligate irreversible step of ongoing lymphocyte death, preceding other alterations of cellular physiology, and thus allowing for the ex vivo assessment of PCD.
The Two Membrane Isoforms of Human IgE Assemble into Functionally Distinct B Cell Antigen Receptors
Authors: Facundo D. Batista, Shubha Anand, Gianni Presani, Dimitar G. Efremov, Oscar R. Burrone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The human C epsilon gene expresses two membrane IgE heavy chain mRNAs which differ in the sequence that encodes their extracellular membrane-proximal domain. In the long IgE isoform (mLIgE), this domain contains a stretch of 52 amino acids which are absent in the short variant (mSIgE). We have now generated B cell transfectoma cell lines that express these two isoforms and show that both types of mIgE form functional B cell antigen receptors (BCR). Both receptors associate with the Ig-alpha/Ig-beta heterodimer, as well as with protein kinases that are capable of phosphorylating this complex. Upon their cross-linking, both receptors can activate protein tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate the same substrate proteins. Both IgE receptors also associate with two novel proteins that do not bind to mIgM. Apart from these similarities, the two IgE-BCRs show several differences of which some are analogous to the differences between the IgM- and IgD-BCRs. First, the mSIgE is transported to the cell surface at a higher rate than the mLIgE. Second, the two IgE-BCRs associate with differently glycosylated Ig-alpha proteins, the mLIgE associates with the completely glycosylated form, whereas the mSIgE associates with an Ig-alpha glycoform that is partially sensitive to endoglycosidase H. Third, the kinetics of protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by receptor cross-linking is significantly different for the two IgE-BCRs. Finally, cross-linking of the mSIgE-BCR leads to growth inhibition of the B cell transfectoma, whereas signaling through the mLIgE-BCR does not affect the cellular proliferation. These data show that the two human membrane IgE isoforms assemble into functionally distinct antigen receptors which can induce different cellular responses.
A Preliminary Study of Immunotherapy with a Monomethoxy Polyethylene Glycol Modified Honey Bee Venom Preparation
Authors: S. ÖHman, J. Björkandkr, S. Dreborg, Å. Lanner, H.‐J. Malling, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1986)

Monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) modified honey bee venom (HBV) immunotherapy (IT) has been studied in 14 patients allergic to honey bee venom. Doses could be increased more rapidly and higher doses were reached compared to regular venom immunotherapy. No general side effects were seen, although large local swellings found somewhat more often than with regular HBV. Most patients could easily be switched from the modified to the unmodified venom. Eight patients experienced and tolerated field stings. Skin testing showed a decreased allergenicity of the mPEG‐HBV. The mean HBV‐specific IgE level was below pretreatment level already after only weeks of IT. The HBV‐specific IgG response was very good.
Serial measurements of peak expiratory flow and responsiveness to methacholine in the diagnosis of aluminium potroom asthma.
Authors: J Kongerud, V Soyseth, S Burge
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Obstructive airways disease in aluminium potroom workers has been recognised for over 50 years. There is still controversy about whether this is true occupational asthma.A cross sectional survey of 379 potroom workers identified 26 subjects with symptoms suggestive of occupational asthma. Of these 26, 14 were considered by the plant physician to have occupational asthma and had a measurable PC20 methacholine (provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1). These 14 were further investigated by serial measurements of peak flow at home and work, symptom diaries, and measurements of methacholine reactivity before and after a three week holiday.There was a good correlation between daily symptom scores and minimum peak flow measurements; these showed changes characteristic of occupational asthma in 10 workers, with increased diurnal variation in peak flow and consistent deterioration in relation to work exposure. One further record showed probable occupational asthma and two showed consistent small changes in peak flow related to work exposure more in keeping with an irritant effect. Only one record was inadequate. Methacholine reactivity on a work day was within the normal range in nine of 13 subjects. A doubling of PC20 methacholine occurred in five of nine subjects with occupational asthma in whom repeated estimations were possible.This study confirms the existence of aluminium potroom asthma. The lack of correlation with measurements of non-specific responsiveness suggests that the primary mechanism is one of hypersensitivity, perhaps enhanced by the bronchial irritants also present in the potroom.
Deficiency of carbonic anhydrase in the vasculature of rabbit kidneys.
Authors: R M Effros, S Nioka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The transit of 14CO2 and H14CO3- through the renal vasculature was studied in rabbit kidneys perfused without erythrocytes and in an in vivo preparation in which erythrocytes were present. In the absence of erythrocytes, the transit of 14CO2 from the renal artery to renal vein was much more rapid than that of H14CO3-. This suggests that (a) there is insufficient carbonic anhydrase (c.a.) in the vasculature between the renal artery and the exchange vessels of the kidney to ensure equilibration between CO2 and HCO3- and (b) CO2 can diffuse directly between arterial and venous vessels in the kidney. Following infusions of carbonic anhydrase, the renal venous outflow patterns of 14CO2 and H14CO3- became the same in the perfused kidneys. Although the initial recovery of 14CO2 remained greater than that of H14CO3- after infusions of acetazolamide (a c.a. inhibitor), arteriovenous diffusion of 14CO2 was diminished by this agent. This is attributed to inhibition of renal tubular c.a. The outflow patterns of H14CO3- and 14CO2 were nearly the same in the presence of erythrocytes, indicating that erythrocyte c.a. is sufficiently accessible to permit virtual equilibration of these radionuclides during the interval required for transit between the renal artery and exchange vessels. However, addition of carbonic anhydrase to the plasma seemed to accelerate transit of both 14CO2 and H14CO3- through the kidneys, and a small disequilibrium between CO2 and HCO3- may therefore normally be present in the renal interstitium and capillaries.