tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adenosine for Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Dose Ranging and Comparison with Verapamil
Authors: John P. DiMarco
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous adenosine in terminating acute episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Design: Two prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials to evaluate dose response in patients receiving adenosine and to compare the effects of adenosine with those of verapamil. Patients: A total of 359 patients with a tachycardia electrocardiographically consistent with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were entered into the two protocols. Patients subsequently found to have arrhythmias other than paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were excluded from the efficacy analysis. Interventions: The first protocol compared sequential intravenous bolus doses of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mg of adenosine to equal volumes of saline. In the second protocol, patients received either 6 mg and, if necessary, 12 mg of adenosine or 5 mg and, if necessary, 7.5 mg of verapamil. Measurements and Main Results: When data are expressed in terms of cumulative response in eligible patients, intravenous adenosine terminated acute episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in 35.2%, 62.3%, 80.2%, and 91.4% of patients who received maximum doses of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mg, respectively, in a four-dose sequence, whereas 8.9%, 10.7%, 14.3%, and 16.1% of patients responded to four sequential placebo doses (P < 0.0001). In the second trial, cumulative response rates after 6 mg followed, if necessary, by 12 mg of adenosine were 57.4% and 93.4%, and after 5 mg followed, if necessary, by 7.5 mg of verapamil were 81.3% and 91.4%. The average time after injection to termination of tachycardia by adenosine was 30 seconds. Adenosine caused adverse effects in 36% of patients, but they lasted less than 1 minute and were usually mild. Conclusions: Adenosine in graded doses up to 12 mg rapidly and effectively terminates acute episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in which the atrioventricular node is an integral part of the re-entrant circuit. The overall efficacy of adenosine is similar to that of verapamil, but its onset of action is more rapid. Adverse reactions to adenosine are common but are minor and brief.
Responsibility of the Anesthesiologist
Authors: Meyer Saklad
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The anesthesiologist's responsibilities have extended to the recovery room and the intensive care unit. Here his knowledge of altered respiratory and circulatory states and his competence in treating these conditions contributes to the betterment of immediate postoperative care. It is reasonable to expect the anesthesiologist to apply his skills in treating acute circulatory and respiratory derangements, as illustrated in a 16-bed surgical unit and an 8-bed medical unit.
Doxycycline Treatment for Lymphangioleiomyomatosis with Urinary Monitoring for MMPs
Authors: Marsha A. Moses, Jay Harper, Judah Folkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

detected an EGFR exon 21 mutation (A859T) and a HER2 exon 20 mutation (G776L) (Fig. 1E).The HER2 mutation was similar to that previously described. 4 The resistance to tyrosine kinase-inhibitor therapy in a case with all clinical and biologic features indicative of sensitivity to such treatment and the response to trastuzumab suggest that HER2 genomic gain and mutation are critical for the survival of tumor cells in some patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
SUSTAINED ACTING ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE: A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC IN A CANINE MODEL OF ACUTE HYPERTENSION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY ANGIOTENSION II
Authors: Paul M. McKie, Alessandro Cataliotti, Guido Boerrigter, Fernando L. Martin, S. Jeson Sangaralingham, John C. Burnett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ligand-induced desensitization of interleukin 1 receptor-initiated intracellular signaling events in T helper lymphocytes.
Authors: D J McKean, C Huntoon, M Bell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Although interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor signaling events in T helper lymphocytes are incompletely characterized, events associated with translocation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B are receptor-proximal assays of ligand-initiated responses. In this report we demonstrate that the transient nature of IL-1-induced NF-kappa B nuclear translocation occurs as a consequence of ligand-induced receptor desensitization. Other receptor-initiated events including induction of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation, expression of c-jun and junB mRNA, and costimulatory effects on IL-2 synthesis also are altered by IL-1 receptor desensitization. IL-1 receptor desensitization is not initiated by tumor necrosis factor, which also stimulates NF-kappa B translocation, and is not a consequence of alterations in either IL-1 receptor expression or binding affinity. In the absence of IL-1, the effects of desensitization are completely reversed within 18 h. Since IL-1 desensitization is initiated under conditions of low receptor occupancy, it is likely that receptor desensitization results from alterations to a receptor-proximal transducer, rather than from direct modification of the IL-1 receptor. These results suggest that the cyclic nature of the events in the T helper lymphocyte activation program can be controlled, in part, by the reversible desensitization of cell surface IL-1 receptors.
Credit-Card-Wallet Sciatica
Authors: Elmar G. Lutz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The most typical pressure neuropathies are readily recognized with investigation of the circumstances surrounding the beginning of the complaint, diligent examination of the part involved, and attention not just to intrinsic but to extrinsic factors. I present two cases of compression sciatica caused by extra-thick wallets. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 52-yearold man, seen for follow-up care after hospitalization for an acute paranoid psychosis, had an incidental complaint of left-sided "sciatica" of 14 months' duration. The pain was mild to moderate, at times vague and at times more localized along the course of the sciatic nerve from the left gluteal area down to the popliteal fossa. Rarely did it radiate to the lumbosacral area. The pain occurred primarily and most pronounced when the patient drove long distances. His condition had been diagnosed as a probable herniated disk, and he had also received chiropractic attention. Neurologic
The Recognition and Management of Myxedema Coma
Authors: Robert M. Senior, Stanley J. Birge, Stanford Wessler, Louis V. Avioli
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Arthur Schneider, Junior Assistant Resident in Medicine, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 66-year-old white woman was admitted to Jewish Hospital with a two-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting of bilious material, and diarrhea. There was no previous history of weight gain, cold intolerance, or constipation. In the past few months she had had some drowsiness and a gradual decrease in mental acuity. On admission, the blood pressure was 130/ 80 mm Hg, pulse rate was 76 beats per minute, and temperature was 98 F (35.0 C). The voice was deeply pitched and hoarse, the skin was dry, and the scalp hair was coarse. Rales were heard at the bases of both lungs. Examination of the abdomen revealed diffuse involuntary rigidity, rebound tenderness, and high-pitched, rushing bowel sounds. Deep tendon reflexes were abnormally delayed and symmetrical in response. The
Paclitaxel Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of the F8-IL2 Immunocytokine to EDA-Fibronectin–Positive Metastatic Human Melanoma Xenografts
Authors: Michele Moschetta, Francesca Pretto, Alexander Berndt, Kerstin Galler, Petra Richter, Andrea Bassi, Paolo Oliva, Edoardo Micotti, Giovanni Valbusa, Kathrin Schwager, Manuela Kaspar, Eveline Trachsel, Hartwig Kosmehl, Maria Rosa Bani, Dario Neri, Raffaella Giavazzi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The selective delivery of bioactive agents to tumors reduces toxicity and enhances the efficacy of anticancer therapies. In this study, we show that the antibody F8, which recognizes perivascular and stromal EDA-fibronectin (EDA-Fn), when conjugated to interleukin-2 (F8-IL2) can effectively inhibit the growth of EDA-Fn-expressing melanomas in combination with paclitaxel. We obtained curative effects with paclitaxel administered before the immunocytokine. Coadministration of paclitaxel increased the uptake of F8 in xenografted melanomas, enhancing tumor perfusion and permeability. Paclitaxel also boosted the recruitment of F8-IL2-induced natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor, suggesting a host response as part of the observed therapeutic benefit. In support of this likelihood, NK cell depletion impaired the antitumor effect of paclitaxel plus F8-IL2. Importantly, this combination reduced both the tumor burden and the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules. The combination did not cause cumulative toxicity. Together, our findings offer a preclinical proof that by acting on the tumor stroma paclitaxel potentiates the antitumor activity elicited by a targeted delivery of IL2, thereby supporting the use of immunochemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Sick Gulf war veterans in US to get disability payments
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The US government says that it plans to pay former soldiers who say that they suffered illnesses as a result of their service in the Gulf war, thus ignoring the lack of medical evidence.

Veterans Affairs secretary Jesse Brown, himself a disabled veteran of the Vietnam war, last week asked Congress for authority to provide disability payments for three years to sufferers of what has become called the “Gulf …
L651582: A Novel Antiproliferative and Antimetastasis Agent
Authors: Elise C. Kohn, Lance A. Liotta
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article L651582: A Novel Antiproliferative and Antimetastasis Agent Get access Elise C. Kohn, Elise C. Kohn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lance A. Liotta Lance A. Liotta Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 1, 3 January 1990, Pages 54–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.1.54 Published: 03 January 1990 Article history Received: 04 August 1989 Revision received: 29 September 1989 Accepted: 11 October 1989 Published: 03 January 1990
Effects of active vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone on the serum osteocalcin in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Authors: K Mizunashi, Y Furukawa, R Miura, S Yumita, H E Sohn, K Yoshinaga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Serum osteocalcin was measured in patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism, before or during the treatment with active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3 or 1 alpha OHD3). Serum osteocalcin and plasma 1,25(OH)2D were decreased in 11 patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism before treatment (2.8 +/- 1.27 ng/ml, P less than 0.001 and 14.3 +/- 4.27 pg/ml, P less than 0.001, respectively). In 24 patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism during the treatment, serum osteocalcin and plasma 1,25(OH)2D were within the normal range (4.5 +/- 0.74 ng/ml and 25.7 +/- 5.69 pg/ml, respectively). In five patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism before treatment, plasma 1,25(OH)2D was decreased (15.6 +/- 10.6 pg/ml, P less than 0.001) but serum osteocalcin was normal (7.8 +/- 1.66 ng/ml). In nine patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism during the treatment with active vitamin D3, serum osteocalcin and plasma 1,25(OH)2D were normal (6.8 +/- 1.47 ng/ml and 27.2 +/- 6.0 pg/ml, respectively). Serum PTH in pseudohypoparathyroidism was increased before treatment (0.70 +/- 0.34 ng/ml, P less than 0.05) and was normal during the treatment (0.50 +/- 0.13 ng/ml). In idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, the active vitamin D3 increased serum osteocalcin without PTH. In pseudohypoparathyroidism, PTH may increase serum osteocalcin or modulate the effect of active vitamin D3 on serum osteocalcin.
Model-Based Comparative Prediction of Transcription-Factor Binding Motifs in Anabolic Responses in Bone
Authors: Andy B. Chen, Kazunori Hamamura, Guohua Wang, Weirong Xing, Subburaman Mohan, Hiroki Yokota, Yunlong Liu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2007)

Abstract Understanding the regulatory mechanism that controls the alteration of global gene expression patterns continues to be a challenging task in computational biology. We previously developed an ant algorithm, a biologically-inspired computational technique for microarray data, and predicted putative transcription-factor binding motifs (TFBMs) through mimicking interactive behaviors of natural ants. Here we extended the algorithm into a set of web-based software, Ant Modeler, and applied it to investigate the transcriptional mechanism underlying bone formation. Mechanical loading and administration of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are two known treatments to strengthen bone. We addressed a question: Is there any TFBM that stimulates both “anabolic responses of mechanical loading” and “BMP-mediated osteogenic signaling”? Although there is no significant overlap among genes in the two responses, a comparative model-based analysis suggests that the two independent osteogenic processes employ common TFBMs, such as a stress responsive element and a motif for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). The post-modeling in vitro analysis using mouse osteoblast cells supported involvements of the predicted TFBMs such as PPAR, Ikaros 3, and LMO2 in response to mechanical loading. Taken together, the results would be useful to derive a set of testable hypotheses and examine the role of specific regulators in complex transcriptional control of bone formation.
Bronchial responsiveness in the neonatal period as a risk factor for wheezing in infancy.
Authors: J R Clarke, B Salmon, M Silverman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Bronchial responsiveness is closely associated with asthma in schoolchildren. We wished to test the hypothesis that bronchial responsiveness in the neonatal period might be a risk factor for lower-respiratory illnesses (LRI), typically cough and wheezing with viral infection, in infants. A cohort of 73 full-term healthy infants of atopic parents were observed during the first year of life. Respiratory illness was recorded and ascertained retrospectively by questionnaires administered to parents at 6-mo intervals, and infants were classified as having: LRI (one or more episode of wheezing in the first year) or no LRI (no wheezing). At approximately 1 mo of age, lung function was measured under sedation, and bronchial responsiveness (BR) to histamine aerosol was determined and expressed as PC30, the provocative concentration of histamine that induced a 30% decrease in maximum flow at FRC (V'maxFRC) by the squeeze technique. For the whole group, no index of lung function predicted subsequent wheezing. Among boys, however, there was a trend toward a lower V'maxFRC in those who subsequently developed LRI than in the group without LRI (median values 62 versus 98 ml/s; 95% CI: -1 to 68; p = 0.06), while among girls the major difference was in PC30, for which those who subsequently had LRI were significantly more responsive as neonates (PC30 was lower) than the group without LRI (1.4 versus 8.3 g/L; 95% CI: 1.0 to 13.1; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that sex differences in airway structure and responsiveness present soon after birth, and representing differences in fetal lung development, are associated with differences in the risk of subsequent LRI with wheezing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Competency based training is a framework for incompetence
Authors: J. M. Glass
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The object of this paper is to examine the role of smoking as a risk factor in coronary heart disease, starting with a brief history of smoking in the U.K. and a reminder of the epidemiological evidence linking smoking and cardiovascular disease. This is followed by a more detailed look at the trends in consumption of tobacco and the major factors influencing those trends, together with an outline of the main components of a smoking control policy designed to combat our epidemic of smoking-induced disease.
Changes of Renal Blood Flow in Nephroptosis: Assessment by Color Doppler Imaging, Isotope Renography and Correlation with Clinical Outcome after Laparoscopic Nephropexy
Authors: Dagmar M Strohmeyer, Reinhard Peschel, Peter Effert, Oliver Borchert, Günther Janetschek, Georg Bartsch, Ferdinand Frauscher
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Reduced Lung Cancer Mortality Risk among Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Anti-Estrogens.
Authors: E. Rapiti, H. Verkooijen, H. Verkooijen, G. Fioretta, H. Schubert, V. Vinh-Hung, V. Vinh-Hung, S. Benhamou, G. Vlastos, C. Bouchardy
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The Women Health Initiative study recently reported that women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were at increased risk of dying from lung cancer. If exposure to estrogens can worsen lung cancer outcome, we hypothesized that anti-estrogens may, on the contrary, improve its prognosis. We compared lung cancer incidence and mortality among breast cancer patients with and without anti-estrogen therapy.Methods: All 6715 patients recorded with a breast cancer in the population-based Geneva Cancer registry in the period 1980-2003 were included in the study. Forty-six percent of these women (3066) received anti-estrogen therapy (tamoxifen in large majority). Age, sex and year-specific population data were used to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), to compare the study population to the general female population of Geneva canton. For each woman we computed person-years at risk from the date of diagnosis of breast cancer to the date of diagnosis of invasive lung cancer cancer, date of death, date lost to follow-up, or end of the study period (December 31, 2007).Results: The cohort yielded a total of 57,100 person-years.During the study period we observed a total of 40 cases of metachronous lung cancers (diagnosed at least six months after the breast cancer). Compared with the general population, the risk of developing a lung cancer among women who received anti-estrogens was 0.63 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 0.33-1.10) and among women without anti-estrogens was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.74-1.62). Lung cancer mortality rate was 31.44/100,000. The mortality rate were 9.23/100,000 for women with anti-estrogens and 44.97/100,000 for women without anti-estrogens.Compared to the general population the SMR for lung cancer was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.02-0.47) among women who took anti-estrogens (p&amp;lt;0.001), and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.43-1.23) among women who did not receive anti-estrogens.Discussion: Women who received anti-estrogens as breast cancer treatment have a significantly decreased risk of dying from lung cancer. This result further supports the role of estrogens in lung cancer prognosis and suggests that exposure to anti-estrogens may offer some protection against tumor mortality. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 35.
Methadone Maintenance: A Problem in Delivery of Service
Authors: Henry Brill
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Virtually every issue which relates to drug dependence is suffused with emotion that turns differences of opinion into controversy and leads to distortions, exaggerations, and misunderstandings. In methadone maintenance one can see an excellent example of the process. The drug has been known for years as a synthetic capable of producing addiction (full morphine-type drug dependence)1but very useful as a transitional drug in withdrawal from heroin.2It remained for Dole and Nyswander to show that methadone could be used in a radically different way and that addicts could be maintained on it in such a way as to promote their rehabilitation. The initial series of six cases was started in January 1964, and by December 1970 an estimated 10,000 US addicts in more than 60 programs across the country were receiving methadone maintenance.  The development of these programs has been accompanied by active controversy. The method, on the
Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity From Ages 9 to 15 Years
Authors: Philip R. Nader, Robert H. Bradley, Renate M. Houts, Susan L. McRitchie, Marion O’Brien
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>Decreased physical activity plays a critical role in the increase in childhood obesity. Although at least 60 minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is recommended, few longitudinal studies have determined the recent patterns of physical activity of youth.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the patterns and determinants of MVPA of youth followed from ages 9 to 15 years.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Longitudinal descriptive analyses of the 1032 participants in the 1991-2007 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development birth cohort from 10 study sites who had accelerometer-determined minutes of MVPA at ages 9 (year 2000), 11 (2002), 12 (2003), and 15 (2006) years. Participants included boys (517 [50.1%]) and girls (515 [49.9%]); 76.6% white (n = 791); and 24.5% (n = 231) lived in low-income families.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Mean MVPA minutes per day, determined by 4 to 7 days of monitored activity.<h3>Results</h3>At age 9 years, children engaged in MVPA approximately 3 hours per day on both weekends and weekdays. Weekday MVPA decreased by 38 minutes per year, while weekend MVPA decreased by 41 minutes per year. By age 15 years, adolescents were only engaging in MVPA for 49 minutes per weekday and 35 minutes per weekend day. Boys were more active than girls, spending 18 and 13 more minutes per day in MVPA on the weekdays and weekends, respectively. The rate of decrease in MVPA was the same for boys and girls. The estimated age at which girls crossed below the recommended 60 minutes of MVPA per day was approximately 13.1 years for weekday activity compared with boys at 14.7 years, and for weekend activity, girls crossed below the recommended 60 minutes of MVPA at 12.6 years compared with boys at 13.4 years.<h3>Conclusion</h3>In this study cohort, measured physical activity decreased significantly between ages 9 and 15 years.