tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction of labour at term. Women not for waiting.
Authors: J B Sharma, R J Smith, D J Wilkin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Background</h3> Neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Prior studies from our group show that blood neutrophils undergo metabolic and functional adaptations upon entry into the CF lung lumen that causes them to become anabolic, while repressing bacterial killing function and enhancing degranulation. The recent advent of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) for the CFTR channel (mutated in CF) has improved patient outcomes, but it is unclear how HEMT impact CF lung neutrophilic inflammation. <h3>Method</h3> We used an organotypic model in which blood neutrophils are transmigrated through differentiated airway epithelial cells towards a chemoattractant control (leukotriene B4, LTB4), or airway supernatant from CF patients not on HEMT (CFASN) or on HEMT (CFMOD). We conducted phenotypic (FACS, CFU-assay) and metabolomic (metabolomics, <sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>-glucose tracing) analysis of the transmigrated neutrophils. <h3>Results</h3> CFMOD-recruited neutrophils contained ivacaftor (a HEMT drug), demonstrating exposure to the therapy. Compared to LTB4-recruited neutrophils, CFASN/CFMOD-recruited neutrophils showed increased AMP, GMP and intracellular and secreted metabolites related to citric acid cycle activity. <sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>-glucose flux indicated similar rates of extracellular glucose utilization in all transmigrated neutrophils, but higher total glycolysis to lactate in CFASN/CFMOD-transmigrated neutrophils. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Pathological metabolic adaptations of neutrophils following transmigration into CF airway fluid are not substantially altered by HEMT. Further studies are needed to assess the potential impact on functional adaptations by these cells. Supported by NIH (R56 HL150658), Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CAMMAR21F0, TIROUV19G0), I3 Teams Research Award (Emory), and CF@LANTA, a component of Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta.
Overview of investigations into pulmonary hemorrhage among infants in Cleveland, Ohio.
Authors: D G Dearborn, I Yike, W G Sorenson, M J Miller, R A Etzel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage was diagnosed in 37 infants in the Cleveland, Ohio, area between 1993 and 1998. This rare disorder has been related to 12 deaths, including 7 originally thought to be sudden infant death syndrome. Thirty of the infants were African American, all of whom lived in a limited geographic area of eastern metropolitan Cleveland, an area of older housing stock. An investigation led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found an association with household exposure to a toxigenic mold, Stachybotrys chartarum, and other fungi. The rapidly growing lungs of young infants appear to be especially vulnerable to the toxins made by toxigenic molds. Environmental tobacco smoke was frequently present in the infants' homes and may be a trigger precipitating the acute bleeding. Stachybotrys, although not thought to be a common mold, is known to have a wide geographic distribution. An additional 101 cases of acute, idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage have been reported in infants in the United States over the past 5 years. In this overview, the investigations are summarized, the clinical profile is described, the toxicity of S. chartarum is discussed, and pathophysiologic concepts are presented.
Treatment Germ Cell of Testicular Malignancies
Authors: John G. Maier
Journal: JAMA (1970)

With the exception of the classical seminoma, the treatment of choice for malignant germ cell tumors of the testis remains controversial today. Before any specific mode of therapy can be considered, it is of paramount importance to have an accurate histologic diagnosis and a complete evaluation of the extent of tumor-spread at the time of initial diagnosis. The first step in making this accurate histologic diagnosis is, of course, the orchiectomy. There is certainly unanimous agreement on inguinal orchiectomy as the initial treatment when a testicular neoplasm is suspected. This is preferably accomplished by ligation of the cord at the internal ring because of demonstrated involvement of the spermatic cord by direct tumor extension. In addition, separate ligation of the vas and spermatic vessels at the internal ring facilitates excision if subsequent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is performed. Direct testicular biopsy or needle biopsy is to be condemned because of
Protecting intellectual property is vital for medical innovation, says UK report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Protecting intellectual property rights is vital to ensuring biomedical innovation and protecting patients’ interests, a report from University College London’s School of Pharmacy has concluded.1

The report said that, without intellectual property rights, private investment in high risk biomedical research would be very unlikely to take place and that this would have negative knock-on effects on public funding for fundamental research. It added that additional changes should be introduced to incentivise research in neglected fields such as drugs for rare diseases.

The report, which was produced in partnership with the International Alliance of Patients’ Organizations, said that there was a case for extending the periods of intellectual property protection for new …
GMC hearing against Wakefield and colleagues opens
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UK government has announced a review of the NHS in a bid to ensure that clinical priorities and local accountability are paramount in the health service's day to day operations.The health secretary, Alan Johnson, has asked the junior health minister and surgeon Sir Ara Darzi to lead the review and to consult widely with patients and staff.The move is widely seen as a bid to mend relationships with health professionals, many of whom feel aggrieved by a decade of nonstop NHS reforms.Mr Johnson said that providing more accessible and convenient care for patients; achieving better value for money; and ensuring that people with long term illness were "treated with dignity in safe, clean environments" were all key areas that the review would look at.He also announced an extra £50m (€74m; $100m) to fight hospital acquired infections.Mr Johnson said, "The past 10 years have seen huge improvements in the NHS, and thanks to record investment and measures to raise standards, nine out of 10 patients rate their care as good to excellent."He added, "What was right for the last decade-top down targets and important but sometimes difficult reforms-will not be right for the next, where more local decision making and staff empowerment need to drive the NHS."He said that the review could result in an NHS constitution that sets out its values and lines of accountability.The full report will be published in June 2008.An interim assessment in autumn 2007 will inform the next comprehensive spending review.Gill Morgan, chief executive of the NHS Confederation, said, "We hope that this is not just another review but a genuine exercise in listening and understanding where the service has got to and where it needs to go.The opportunity to re-engage staff with the NHS reform programme is too important to be missed.
Is Endoscopic Ultrasonography Indispensable in Assessing the Appropriateness of Endoscopic Resection for Gastric Cancer?
Authors: K. Hizawa, K. Iwai, M. Esaki, T. Matsumoto, H. Suekane, M. Iida
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic resection is increasingly being used in the treatment of early gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of pretherapeutic staging techniques for assessing the appropriateness of endoscopic resection. Patients and Methods: Both endoscopy and endosonography were carried out at our institution in the treatment of 234 early gastric cancers, with histological confirmation of malignancy following surgical resection (137 lesions) or endoscopic resection (97 lesions). The accuracy in detecting intramucosal cancer with each of the diagnostic procedures was assessed. Results: The accuracy rates for detecting intramucosal cancer using endoscopy and endosonography were calculated as 84 % (197 of 234) and 78 % (182 of 234), respectively. The accuracy tended to be lower in lesions located in the upper third of the stomach, in those measuring 2 cm or more in diameter, and in those with an undifferentiated histology with ulcer fibrosis. However, there were no significant differences in the accuracy rates between endoscopy and endosonography. Precise staging was achieved by endoscopy alone in 103 of 109 differentiated adenocarcinomas without ulcer fibrosis, where the lesions measured less than 2 cm in diameter. Conclusions: Endoscopic resection is indicated in intramucosal gastric cancer lesions showing differentiated histology, no ulcer fibrosis and a diameter of less than 2 cm. EUS may additionally be used for further evaluation in these patients.
Acute Scorpion Pancreatitis in Trinidad
Authors: C. Bartholomew
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Over a two-month period 30 patients were admitted to hospital following stings of the scorpion of Trinidad, the Tityus trinitatis. In 24 cases acute pancreatitis developed soon after the sting, but in nine of these no abdominal pain occurred. All the patients made an uneventful recovery. Although such complications have been reported no pseudocyst formations or acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis occurred in this series.
ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF 35S DAPSONE IN DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS
Authors: J. O'D. ALEXANDER, E. YOUNG, T. McFadyen, N. G. Fraser, W. P. DUGUID, E. M. Meredith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.– The variability of dosage of dapsone required to control dermatitis herpetiformis is well known but unexplained. As a first step in the investigation of this problem this paper describes the results of estimations of serum levels and urinary excretion levels after a single oral dose of 100 mg. 35S dapsone given to patients with and without dermatitis herpetiformis. For comparison the levels were measured by radio-activity and by chemical methods. Radiochromatographic studies were also carried out to determine the form in which dapsone circulates and is excreted. Autoradiographs of biopsies are also discussed.
Health status among Hispanics: major themes and new priorities
Authors: Antonio Furino, Eric Muñoz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In late 1989, a national forum was convened to bring together about 100 of the nation's most experienced researchers and administrators who are actively involved in studying and improving the health status of Hispanics.<sup>1,2</sup>The purpose of that meeting was to draft a clear policy and research agenda that, if followed, could effectively solve health problems affecting the Hispanic population. Much of the research on Hispanic health now in progress could be directly or indirectly related to the attendees at the forum. That accounted for a productive exchange of information among participants and, at the same time, reflected a serious deficiency—given the magnitude and the scope of the health problems facing Hispanics, too few scholars and researchers are engaged in clarifying and solving them. A few explanations may be offered for the present state of the art. National data sets on health status, such as those compiled through the
Nasal immunotherapy to Parietaria: evidence of reduction of local allergic inflammation.
Authors: G Passalacqua, M Albano, S Ruffoni, C Pronzato, A M Riccio, L Di Berardino, A Scordamaglia, G W Canonica
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Studies over 10 yr have demonstrated local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) to be an effective treatment for rhinitis due to pollens and mites. The aim of our work was to investigate the effects of LNIT on the local inflammatory phenomena, employing the model of nasal allergenic challenge, since no evidence has been yet provided about LNIT effects on the events due to allergic reactions. We evaluated, in addition, the possible effects of LNIT on some systemic immunologic parameters and its clinical efficacy. The study involved a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of preseasonal immunotherapy with Parietaria in 20 adults. A significant reduction of symptoms, inflammatory infiltration, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on epithelial cells after nasal challenge was evidence as long-lasting effect. No changes in serum allergen-specific IgE, IgG, and soluble eosinophil cationic protein were detected, whereas an unexpected increase of soluble ICAM-1 was found in the placebo group only. The treatment was well tolerated and a significant clinical improvement under natural allergenic exposure was observed in the active group. The present study provides, for the first time, evidence that LNIT is able to modulate the nasal allergic inflammation.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression: The Importance of Context
Authors: David P. Carbone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.05.988 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print November 1, 2016 PMID: 14581439 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression: The Importance of Context David P. CarbonexDavid P. CarboneSearch for articles by this author Show More Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.05.988 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression: The Importance of Context." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(23), pp. 4268–4269© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Asbestos in drinking water: a status report.
Authors: J A Cotruvo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The conference is briefly reviewed in the light of its impact on future regulatory decisions regarding the possible control of asbestos fiber in drinking water. The results of animal feeding studies indicate that asbestos fails to demonstrate toxicity in whole-animal lifetime exposures. The epidemiologic evidence of risk from ingestion of water containing asbestos fibers is not convincing, and in view of the lack of confirmation by animal studies, the existence of a risk has not been proven; however occupational gastrointestinal cancer may indicate ingestion risk. Whether or not there is a risk from asbestos in drinking water, however, common sense tells us to deal with an undesirable situation by employing means that are commonly and economically available. Well-known methods can minimize the presence of asbestos fibers in finished drinking water. In the case of natural fiber in raw water, standard or augmented filtration practices are extremely effective. If the source of asbestos fiber is asbestos-cement pipe that is being attacked by corrosive water, then, there is more than sufficient economic reason to correct the corrosivity of the water.
Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with retinoic acid syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: J. García‐Suárez, H. Bañas, I. Krsnik, D. De Miguel, E. Reyes, C. Burgaleta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract A 56‐year‐old woman with an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) developed a severe all‐trans ‐retinoic (ATRA) syndrome on day 17 of treatment. Shortly after, she presented a picture of pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, increased triglycerides, ferritin, and liver enzymes. A bone marrow biopsy showed abundant macrophages and no evidence of leukemia. Tests for secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) were negative. A diagnosis of HPS was made. Treatment with dexamethasone and high‐dose immunoglobulins was unsuccessful. Consolidation chemotherapy with idarubicin and ATRA rapidly reversed the HPS. The HPS in this patient could be related to the release of macrophage‐stimulating cytokines by APL cells during ATRA syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 76:172–175, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrogenic colonic ion transport in Hirschsprung's disease: reduced secretion to the neural secretagogues acetylcholine and iloprost.
Authors: S P Hardy, P M Smith, R Bayston, L Spitz
Journal: Gut (1993)

The effects of the abnormal innervation in Hirschsprung's disease on colonic ion transport were examined in vitro using Ussing chambers. The response of the mucosal/submucosal preparations to different secretagogues were investigated in aganglionic and ganglionic rectosigmoid and transverse colon from children with Hirschsprung's disease and compared with normally innervated colon from children with anorectal anomalies. Basal values were similar in aganglionic and ganglionic rectosigmoid colon. Neurally mediated secretion with iloprost (10(-6) M) and acetylcholine (900 and 9 microM) was considerably reduced in aganglionic colon compared with normally innervated ganglionic colon. The ganglionic colon proximal to the aganglionic colon also had a reduced response to acetylcholine despite a normal acetylcholinesterase staining pattern. The responses to Escherichia coli STa enterotoxin (50 MU/ml) and isobutylmethylxanthine (10(-3) M) were similar in ganglionic and aganglionic colon. The response to STa enterotoxin was not changed by the nerve blocking agent tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M). The data show that colonocytes from aganglionic colon are capable of a normal secretory response if stimulated directly by cAMP or cGMP acting secretagogues but secretion in response to neurally mediated secretagogues is impaired. The hypertrophied acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibres that infiltrate the aganglionic colon are likely to contribute to the reduced secretion to acetylcholine.
Health-related quality of life among German youths with early-onset and long-duration type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1736–1742
Authors: A Stahl, K Straßburger, K Lange, C Bächle, RW Holl, G Giani, J Rosenbauer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

In the print version of the article listed above, the three categories and percentages concerning the description of HbA 1c in the study population are incorrectly reported in the following sentence of the RESULTS section: "The proportions of patients with HbA 1c #7.5%, .7.5-#9.0%,and .9.0% were 32.5%, 43.2%, and 24.3%, respectively."The correct sentence should read, "The proportions of patients with HbA 1c ,7.5%, 7.5-9.0%,and .9.0% were 28.2%, 46.6%, and 25.2%, respectively."This error does not affect the results and conclusions presented in the article.
Commercial Support and Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The majority of the financial support for continuing medical education (CME) in the United States comes from drug companies and other commercial entities (see graph).1 Total commercial support more than tripled between 1998 and 2003 — from $302 million to $971 million. CME should aim to improve health care and should be totally independent of commercial interests, but there are long-standing concerns that it often involves marketing as well as education.2 For example, about 100 accredited U.S. providers of CME are for-profit medical education and communication companies, or MECCs. They are hired by pharmaceutical firms to organize meetings, find speakers . . .
Hepatitis B, Transfusions and Renal Transplantation
Authors: Terry B. Strom, John P. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Pirson and his colleagues report elsewhere in this issue of the Journal that patients found to have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) in their circulation before or after renal transplantation have a fivefold increase in deaths (10 deaths in 61 patients) resulting from hepatic failure than HBs Ag-negative patients (two deaths in 60). This increased mortality, which was not noted in several previous series1 , 2 during shorter periods of observation, is first discerned three years after transplantation. At first glance, we found this report surprising since only 10 of 650 patients receiving transplants at our institution have died . . .
Effect of intranasal oxygen on hypoxia and tachycardia during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography.
Authors: S M Griffin, S C Chung, J W Leung, A K Li
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The cases described in the present report implicate fenbufen in causing an adverse reaction that presents as a florid rash followed by a severe, short lived rever- sible illness whose characteristic feature is a pulmonary eosinophilia.I thank the Committee on Safety of Medicines for permis- sion to report these cases and the doctors who originally submitted the reports for providing further clinical details.I O'Brien WM, Bagbv GF.Rare adverse reactions to non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs.
p53 Determines Multidrug Sensitivity of Childhood Neuroblastoma
Authors: Chengyuan Xue, Michelle Haber, Claudia Flemming, Glenn M. Marshall, Richard B. Lock, Karen L. MacKenzie, Katerina V. Gurova, Murray D. Norris, Andrei V. Gudkov
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

For pediatric cancers like neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of infancy, p53 mutations are rare at diagnosis, but may be acquired after chemotherapy, suggesting a potential role in drug resistance. Heavy metal-selected neuroblastoma cells were found to acquire an unusually broad multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype but displayed no alterations in genes associated with "classic" MDR. These cells had acquired a mutant p53 gene, linking p53 to drug sensitivity in neuroblastoma. We therefore generated p53-deficient variants in neuroblastoma cell lines with wild-type p53 by transduction of p53-suppressive constructs encoding either short hairpin RNA or a dominant-negative p53 mutant. Analysis of these cells indicated that (a) in contrast to previous reports, wild-type p53 was fully functional in all neuroblastoma lines tested; (b) inactivation of p53 in neuroblastoma cells resulted in establishment of a MDR phenotype; (c) p53-dependent senescence, the primary response of some neuroblastoma cells to DNA damage, is replaced after p53 inactivation by mitotic catastrophe and subsequent apoptosis; (d) knockdown of mutant p53 did not revert the MDR phenotype, suggesting it is determined by p53 inactivation rather than gain of mutant function. These results suggest the importance of p53 status as a prognostic marker of treatment response in neuroblastoma. p53 suppression may have opposite effects on drug sensitivity as determined by analysis of isogenic pairs of tumor cell lines of nonneuroblastoma origin, indicating the importance of tissue context for p53-mediated modulation of tumor cell sensitivity to treatment.
Interferon alfa in protracted arthritis of familial Mediterranean fever: a robust alternative for synovectomy
Authors: K Ureten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

A 17 year old girl was admitted to our rheumatology clinic with right knee pain and swelling for the past 3 months. A diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) had been made 8 years previously; she had recurrent attacks of fever, abdominal pain, and knee arthritis. She had been using colchicine 1.5 mg/day regularly since then. Although her abdominal attacks and fever had subsided with colchicine treatment, recurrent mild knee attacks occurred almost every month. Two years ago she was found to have the homozygous M694V gene mutation for FMF. Three months ago, she was admitted to hospital owing to monarthritis in her right knee—but …