tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LETTER FROM EUROPE.
Authors: A. Girard
Journal: JAMA (1894)

<h3>Major Girard, Surgeon U. S. Army, to Professor Senn.</h3> No. III. HEIDELBERG—PROFESSOR CZERNY — STRASSBURG — PROFESSOR LUECKE—PROFESSOR VON RECKLINGHAUSEN—BALE— PROFESSOR SOCIN. Heidelberg, Feb.14, 1894. <h3>Dear Dr. Senn:</h3> —The purpose of my visit to Heidelberg was to see Professor Czerny and observe the management of his clinic. If I am a little disappointed I must ascribe the major cause to the miserable weather and lack of expected news from home, both of which will to a certain degree affect even a stoic. Perhaps, to the taste of the distinguished Professor, I was not a big enough personality, and when on inquiry, if I was a Surgeon-General, I replied in the negative I thought I perceived a shade of difference in manner, all of which may be a result of my mental depression and goes to show that, even with the most honest intentions, reports of clinics depend to a certain
Cardiac autonomic control mechanisms in power-frequency magnetic fields: a multistudy analysis.
Authors: C Graham, M R Cook, A Sastre, M M Gerkovich, R Kavet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive indicator of autonomic control of cardiac activity, is predictive of long-term cardiac morbidity and mortality. Epidemiologic research suggests that occupational exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields may be associated with autonomically mediated cardiac mortality. Results from our laboratory studies of humans exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields overnight, however, are inconsistent. HRV is altered in some studies but not others. To clarify this, the pooled data from seven studies involving 172 men were analyzed to test specific hypotheses concerning this inconsistency. After analysis, we excluded a) measurement drift or instability over time because HRV was stable under sham-exposed conditions across all studies; b) inadequate statistical power or failure to maintain double-blind controls; c) differences in field intensity (28.3 vs. 127.3 microT) or exposure pattern (intermittent versus continuous) as main effects; or d) the inclusion of individuals sensitive to magnetic field exposure in some studies but not others. Four separate analytic techniques failed to identify a valid subpopulation of sensitive individuals. In some studies, however, hourly blood samples were collected using an indwelling venous catheter. HRV alterations occurred during intermittent exposure in these studies (p < 0.05) but not in similar studies without blood sampling. This result suggests a field interaction with modest arousal or disturbance. Because HRV is tightly coupled to electroencephalographic activity during sleep, these results are physiologically plausible and suggest that HRV alterations during exposure to magnetic fields may occur when accompanied by increases in physiologic arousal, stress, or sleep disturbance.
INCONTINENCE OF URINE IN CHILDREN.
Authors: SAMUEL S. ADAMS
Journal: JAMA (1885)

Read in Section on Diseases of Children of American Medical Association, May, 1884. How a subject of as much importance should have so long escaped presentation and discussion before the American Medical Association is surprising; but the fact exists that it never has been presented to this body, and for that reason I have chosen it. There is not much importance attached to the history of the disease. With the assistance of Drs. Kolipinski and McArdle, of this city, I have examined all the literature on the subject from 1784 to the present, including articles in German, French, Italian and Spanish. In 1784 Mitchell wrote on the disease as clearly as any subsequent author, and its pathology was as well understood then as now. The tendency at that time was to let it alone with a hope that puberty would restore the function of the bladder. From birth the child
Nail melanoma: a review of the literature with recommendations to improve patient management
Authors: None Banfield, None Dawber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

In this review, the current state of knowledge concerning nail melanoma is summarized. The pathogenesis, histological findings, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of this rare form of cutaneous melanoma are discussed. Important clinical clues to the early diagnosis of nail melanoma are highlighted and recommendations to improve the management of patients are suggested.
237 STUDY BY DENSITOMETRY AND ERGOSPIROMETRY OF THE EFFECTS OF AN EXERCISE PROGRAMME IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: E. Roman, T. Torrades, C. García-Picart, S. Herrera, A.M. Marin, M. Doñate, J. Malouf, L. Nacher, R. Serra-Grima, C. Guarner, J. Cordoba, G. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A double-blind study of 1% metronidazole cream versus systemic oxytetracycline therapy for rosacea
Authors: P.G. NIELSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

In a randomized double-blind trial fifty-one patients with rosacea were treated for 2 months with either 1% metronidazole cream and placebo tablets or with 250 mg oxytetracycline tablets taken twice daily, and placebo cream (the cream base). The patients were assessed before and at the end of the trial, using the following criteria: (1) overall clinical assessment, (2) lesion counts, (3) degree of erythema, (4) independent photographic evaluation, (5) patients' opinion. An improvement was shown in 90% of the patients of both groups, and there was no significant difference between the two treatments. One per cent metronidazole cream has been shown to be significantly better than a placebo cream in the treatment of rosacea (Gamborg Nielsen, 1983a), It was therefore considered important to compare the cream with conventional therapy, and for this reason a double-blind study of 1% metronidazole cream versus a daily dose of 500 mg oxytetracycline was performed.
Disruption of TGF-β signaling in T cells accelerates atherosclerosis
Authors: Anna-Karin L. Robertson, Mats Rudling, Xinghua Zhou, Leonid Gorelik, Richard A. Flavell, Göran K. Hansson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Increasing evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease promoted by hypercholesterolemia. The role of adaptive immunity has been controversial, however. We hypothesized that proatherogenic T cells are controlled by immunoregulatory cytokines. Among them, TGF-β has been implied in atherosclerosis, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We crossed atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-knockout mice with transgenic mice carrying a dominant negative TGF-β receptor II in T cells. The ApoE-knockout mice with disrupted TGF-β signaling in T cells exhibited a sixfold increase in aortic lesion surface area, a threefold increase in aortic root lesion size, and a 125-fold increase in aortic IFN-γ mRNA when compared with age-matched ApoE-knockout littermates. When comparing size-matched lesions, those of mice with T cell–specific blockade of TGF-β signaling displayed increased T cells, activated macrophages, and reduced collagen, consistent with a more vulnerable phenotype. Ab’s to oxidized LDL, circulating T cell cytokines, and spleen T cell activity were all increased in ApoE-knockout mice with dominant negative TGF-β receptors in T cells. Taken together, these results show that abrogation of TGF-β signaling in T cells increases atherosclerosis and suggest that TGF-β reduces atherosclerosis by dampening T cell activation. Inhibition of T cell activation may therefore represent a strategy for antiatherosclerotic therapy.
Abstract 4787: GILT regulates antigen processing and CD4+ T cell recognition of melanoma cells
Authors: Azizul Haque, Duncan Norton, Bently Doonan, Shereen Amria
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Metastatic melanoma is one of the deadliest of skin cancers and is increasing in incidence. Since current treatment regimens are ineffective at curing the disease, novel approaches, such as immunotherapy, for treating this malignant disease are being explored to elicit long-lasting antitumor immunity. We have previously shown that the majority of metastatic melanoma cells express HLA class II molecules, but lack Gamma-Interferon-inducible Lysosomal Thiol reductase (GILT), which differentially regulates HLA class II-restricted antigen processing and presentation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which GILT insertion influences CD4+ T cells recognition of human melanoma cells via the HLA class II pathway. Biochemical analysis of melanoma cells showed that GILT expression upregulated the HLA class II components such as HLA-DM and invariant chain while class II protein expression remained unchanged. An increase in endolysosomal cathepsin protein expression and activity was also observed in melanoma cells transfected with GILT. Data obtained from biochemical and functional assays suggest that GILT insertion may help melanoma cells generate more antigenic determinants that are readily accessible to class II loading and presentation to CD4+ T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that GILT-inserted melanoma cells could be used in the design of whole cell vaccines for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4787.
1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub> Vitamin D for Osteoporosis
Authors: Harold Rosen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 March 19911,25(OH)2 Vitamin D for OsteoporosisHarold Rosen, MDHarold Rosen, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-6-519 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:I am intrigued by the findings recently reported by Gallagher and Goldgar (1). They describe a significant increase in vertebral bone mineral density in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with 1,25(OH)2vitamin D. However, although their data suggest the possible utility of 1,25(OH)2vitamin D in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, most of their patients were substantially hypercalcuric by the end of the study. According to the authors' Table 2, the average urinary calcium in the treated patients was 6.4 mmol/d (256 mg/d). This means that more than 50% of their patients met conventional criteria for hypercalcuria...References1. GallagherGoldgar JD. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with high doses of synthetic calcitriol. A randomized controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:649-55. LinkGoogle Scholar2. InsognaBroadus KA. Nephrolithiasis. In: Felig P, Baxter JD, Broadus AE, Frohman LA, eds. Endocrinology and Metabolism. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 1987:1500-77. Google Scholar1. GallagherGoldgar JD. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with high doses of synthetic calcitriol. A randomized controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:649-55. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HodgkinsonPyrah AL. The urinary excretion of calcium and inorganic phosphate in 344 patients with calcium stone of renal origin. BrJ Surg. 1958;46:10-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BulusuHodgkinsonNordinPeacock LABM. Urinary excretion of calcium and creatinine in relation to age and body weight in normal subjects and patients with renal calculus. Clin Sci. 1970;38: 601-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DavisMorganRivlin RDR. The excretion of calcium in the urine and its relation to calcium intake, sex and age. Clin Sci. 1970;39:1-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RobertsonPeacockHeyburnMarshallClark WMPDP. Risk factors in calcium stone disease of the urinary tract. Br J Urol. 1978;50:449-54. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCase 39-1992 15 March 1991Volume 114, Issue 6Page: 519-520KeywordsBone densityCalciumOsteoporosisVitamin D Issue Published: 15 March 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The effect of premature atrial depolarization on sinus node automaticity in man.
Authors: G Breithardt, L Seipel
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Sino-atrial conduction time (SACT) may be calculated from the difference between the length of the return cycle and the spontaneous cycle, using programmed premature atrial stimulation during spontaneous sinus rhythm. This approach to sinoatrial conduction assumes that sinus node automaticity is not changed by premature depolarization. In order to validate this assumption, we compared the length of the post-return cycles to the spontaneous cycle length in 71 patients. Patients were grouped according to clinical diagnosis and the value of calculated SACT. At long coupling intervals at which no reset of the sinus node occurred there was only a small prolongation of the post-return cycles (less than 8.4 msec, on an average) compared to the spontaneous cycle length. This suggests no or only an insignificant effect of premature depolarization on the sinus node. However, during test stimuli leading to reset of the sinus node, the post-return cycles were significantly prolonged between 20 to 30 msec, on an average. The response of the individual cases sometimes varied to a great extent. In patients who demonstrated a progressive linear prolongation of the return cycles at decremental shortening of the test interval, there was no significant prolongation of the post-return cycles versus the spontaneous cycle length. We conclude that 1) premature depolarization of the sinus node may have a depressant effect on sinus node automaticity, which, if present, is usually small; 2) calculation of SACT using the extrastimulus technique may overestimate true SACT.
Biologic activity of <i>Dermatophagoides siboney</i> and <i>Blomia tropicalis</i> allergens in exposed and unexposed mite‐allergic individuals. Effect of patient selection on the biologic standardization of mite extracts
Authors: R Casas, R Ferrándiz, J.‐A Wihl, B Fernández, S Dreborg
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of patient selection criteria, i.e., mite‐allergic individuals exposed and not exposed to Dermatophagoides siboney and Blomia tropicalis , on the biologic activity of mite extracts. Determination of the potency of mite extracts in vivo requires selection of patients with a clinical history of mite allergy. In Scandinavia, there are some anamnestic criteria for mite allergy, whereas in the tropics, where patients are continuously exposed to high levels of mites, selection of patients with mite allergy by clinical history is difficult. Methods: A total of 210 Cuban asthmatics with continuous symptoms, and 43 Swedes with a clinical history of mite allergy were investigated. Skin prick tests were performed with D. siboney , D. pteronyssinus , D. farinae , B. tropicalis , Acarus siro , Lepidoglyphus destructor , and Tyrophagus putrescentiae extracts. For analysis of the biologic activity of mite extracts, Cuban patients were divided into four groups: 1)all patients skin‐test‐positive to mites 2)patients positive to mites, but not to other inhalant allergens 3)patients reacting most to the mite species analyzed 4)patients reactive only to mites and reacting most to the mite species analyzed. The biologic potency was calculated according to the Nordic Guidelines. Results: Due to cross‐reactivity between mites, Swedish mite‐sensitive patients, with a clear clinical history of mite allergy, but not exposed to D. siboney and B. tropicalis , were more skin reactive to these mites than were Cubans. The estimated potency increased gradually to &gt;200% in group 4. In group 1 Cubans, the reactivity to all mites but B. tropicalis was lower than that in mite‐sensitive Swedes. Conclusions: According to the influence of patient selection criteria on the estimation of the potency of mite extracts, the determination of the biologic activity of allergenic extracts in subjects without a clear‐cut clinical history should be replaced by new methods when available.
Extensive Resection of the Small Intestine
Authors: H. J. Croot
Journal: BMJ (1952)

AMINO-ACIDURIA IN GALACTOSAEMIA BRrsH 195 of all the chromatogranis leaves no, question that there is a gross amino-aciduria associated with the galactosuria, which rapidly becomes more normal under treat- ment with the milk-free diet.The especially unusual characteristics (as against those of the already known amino-acidurias) are the disprop6rtionately large quanti- ties of serine, threonine, methyl histidine, lysine, and tyrosine.It could be that this pattern is specific for the disease.Of especial interest is the fact that the common liver diseases, so far as they have been investigated, display urine amino-acid patterns quite different from those shown by these two cases (Dent and Walshe, 1951).On the other hand, the pattern shows some resemblance to that occurring in the renal amino-acidurias, especially that of Wilson's disease."Discussion ,Pathological excretion of amino-acids in urine has
c-Kit Dysfunction Impairs Myocardial Healing After Infarction
Authors: Massimo Cimini, Shafie Fazel, Sun Zhuo, Munira Xaymardan, Hiroko Fujii, Richard D. Weisel, Ren-Ke Li
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We hypothesized that c-kit receptor function in the bone marrow is important for facilitating healing, leading to efficient cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI).We used Kit(W)/Kit(W-v) c-kit mutant mice and their wild-type littermates to assess the importance of c-kit function in cardiac remodeling after coronary ligation. We found that mutant mice developed 1.6-fold greater ventricular dilation (P=0.008) attributable to a 1.3-fold greater infarct expansion by day 14 after MI (P=0.01). The number of proliferating smooth muscle alpha-actin expressing cells was 1.8-fold lower in mutant mice at day 3 (P<0.01), resulting in a 1.6 to 1.8-fold reduction in total regional nonvascular smooth muscle alpha-actin expressing cells by both microscopy and flow cytometry (P<0.001 for both). This decrease was accompanied by a 1.4-fold reduction in the number of CD31 expressing blood vessels (P<0.05). Prior transplantation of wild-type bone marrow cells into mutant mice rescued the efficient establishment of vessel-rich repair tissue by inducing a 1.5-fold increase in nonvascular smooth muscle alpha-actin expressing cells and CD31 expressing blood vessels (P<0.05 for both). The increased recruitment of cells into the infarct region in the chimeric mice was associated with reduced infarct expansion (P<0.03) compared to wild-type levels.Bone marrow c-kit function critically impacts the myofibroblast repair response in infarcted hearts. Interventions that increase the infiltration of c-kit+ cells to the infarcted heart may potentiate this endogenous repair response, prevent infarct expansion, and improve the recovery of cardiac function after MI.
Taurohyodeoxycholic acid protects against taurochenodeoxycholic acid-induced cholestasis in the rat
Authors: Aldo Roda, Francesco Piazza, Mario Baraldini, Ester Speroni, Maria Clelia Guerra, Carolina Cerré, Giorgio Cantelli Forti
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The prevention of the hepatotoxic effects produced by intravenous infusion of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) by coinfusion with taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) was evaluated in bile fistula rats; the hepatoprotective effects of the latter were also compared with those of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). Rats infused with TCDCA at a dose of 8 μmol/min/kg showed reduced bile flow and calcium secretion, as well as increased biliary release of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This was associated with a very low biliary secretion rate of TCDCA (≈1 μmol/min/kg). Simultaneous infusion of THDCA or TUDCA at the same dose preserved bile flow and almost totally abolished the pathological leakage of the two enzymes into bile. The effect was slightly more potent for THDCA. The maximum secretion rate of TCDCA increased to the highest value (8 μmol/min/kg) when coinfused with either of the two hepatoprotective bile acids (BA), which were efficiently and completely secreted in the bile, without metabolism. Calcium output was also restored and phospholipid (PL) secretion increased with respect to the control saline infusion. This increase was higher in the THDCA study. These data show that THDCA is highly effective in the prevention of hepatotoxicity induced by intravenous infusion of TCDCA by facilitating its biliary secretion and reducing its hepatic residence time; this was associated with selective stimulation of PL biliary secretion.
Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide in ANCA-Associated Renal Vasculitis
Authors: Rachel B. Jones, Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert, Thomas Hauser, Raashid Luqmani, Matthew D. Morgan, Chen Au Peh, Caroline O. Savage, Mårten Segelmark, Vladimir Tesar, Pieter van Paassen, Dorothy Walsh, Michael Walsh, Kerstin Westman, David R.W. Jayne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Cyclophosphamide induction regimens for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis are effective in 70 to 90% of patients, but they are associated with high rates of death and adverse events. Treatment with rituximab has led to remission rates of 80 to 90% among patients with refractory ANCA-associated vasculitis and may be safer than cyclophosphamide regimens.We compared rituximab with cyclophosphamide as induction therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis. We randomly assigned, in a 3:1 ratio, 44 patients with newly diagnosed ANCA-associated vasculitis and renal involvement to a standard glucocorticoid regimen plus either rituximab at a dose of 375 mg per square meter of body-surface area per week for 4 weeks, with two intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses (33 patients, the rituximab group), or intravenous cyclophosphamide for 3 to 6 months followed by azathioprine (11 patients, the control group). Primary end points were sustained remission rates at 12 months and severe adverse events.The median age was 68 years, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 18 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area. A total of 25 patients in the rituximab group (76%) and 9 patients in the control group (82%) had a sustained remission (P=0.68). Severe adverse events occurred in 14 patients in the rituximab group (42%) and 4 patients in the control group (36%) (P=0.77). Six of the 33 patients in the rituximab group (18%) and 2 of the 11 patients in the control group (18%) died (P=1.00). The median increase in the GFR between 0 and 12 months was 19 ml per minute in the rituximab group and 15 ml per minute in the control group (P=0.14).A rituximab-based regimen was not superior to standard intravenous cyclophosphamide for severe ANCA-associated vasculitis. Sustained-remission rates were high in both groups, and the rituximab-based regimen was not associated with reductions in early severe adverse events. (Funded by Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and F. Hoffmann-La Roche; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN28528813.)