tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Cognitive Assessment Before Ventricular Device Placement
Authors: Stephanie E. Rogers, Liviu Klein, Carla Maria Perissinotto
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Heparins Designed to Specifically Inhibit Platelet Interactions With von Willebrand Factor
Authors: Michael Sobel, Karyn E. Bird, Ruth Tyler-Cross, Dalila Marques, Naoto Toma, H. Edward Conrad, Robert B. Harris
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Platelet interactions with the injured vessel wall may contribute significantly to the early and late failures of many cardiovascular interventions; the adhesive protein von Willebrand factor (vWF) is thought to play an important role. Previously, we demonstrated that heparin interfered with platelet/vWF hemostatic mechanisms by binding to vWF within the protein’s domain responsible for binding the platelet vWF receptor, glycoprotein Ib. The purpose of the present study was to develop and refine heparins with greater potency to inhibit platelet/vWF interactions. Methods and Results Immobilized synthetic peptides based on a known heparin-binding domain of vWF were used to yield novel fractions of standard heparin that demonstrated a sevenfold increase in their ability to inhibit vWF-dependent platelet agglutination and vWF/platelet binding. The high vWF affinity heparin showed enhanced anti–factor Xa activity but comparable activated partial thromboplastin time activity. Chemical modification of a standard heparin by periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction enhanced its ability to inhibit platelet/vWF interactions by threefold, while eliminating more than 90% of its activated partial thromboplastin time and anti–factor Xa activity. Affinity chromatography of the chemically modified heparin yielded a heparin with an eightfold higher inhibitory potency than the original heparin. Conclusions Subspecies of heparin can be developed with significantly enhanced potency to inhibit vWF/platelet interactions. The vWF-inhibiting property of heparin can be dissociated from its antithrombin-binding activity. Based on a growing understanding of heparin/vWF interactions, combinations of affinity separations and chemical modifications could be designed to yield heparins uniquely suitable for prevention of arterial thrombosis.
Interaction between circulating galectin-3 and cancer-associated MUC1 enhances tumour cell homotypic aggregation and prevents anoikis
Authors: Qicheng Zhao, Monica Barclay, John Hilkens, Xiuli Guo, Hannah Barrow, Jonathan M Rhodes, Lu-Gang Yu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Formation of tumour cell aggregation/emboli prolongs the survival of circulating tumour cells in the circulation, enhances their physical trapping in the micro-vasculature and thus increases metastatic spread of the cancer cells to remote sites.It shows here that the presence of the galactoside-binding galectin-3, whose concentration is markedly increased in the blood circulation of cancer patients, increases cancer cell homotypic aggregation under anchorage-independent conditions by interaction with the oncofetal Thomsen-Friedenreich carbohydrate (Galbeta1,3GalNAcalpha-, TF) antigen on the cancer-associated transmembrane mucin protein MUC1. The galectin-3-MUC1 interaction induces MUC1 cell surface polarization and exposure of the cell surface adhesion molecules including E-cadherin. The enhanced cancer cell homotypic aggregation by galectin-MUC1 interaction increases the survival of the tumour cells under anchorage-independent conditions by allowing them to avoid initiation of anoikis (suspension-induced apoptosis).These results suggest that the interaction between free circulating galectin-3 and cancer-associated MUC1 promotes embolus formation and survival of disseminating tumour cells in the circulation. This provides new information into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cancer cell haematogenous dissemination and suggests that targeting the interaction of circulating galectin-3 with MUC1 in the circulation may represent an effective therapeutic approach for preventing metastasis.
Nonmalignant Late Effects and Compromised Functional Status in Survivors of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Nandita Khera, Barry Storer, Mary E.D. Flowers, Paul A. Carpenter, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Paul J. Martin, Stephanie J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Our objective was to describe the incidence of nonmalignant late complications and their association with health and functional status in a recent cohort of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors.We determined the incidence of 14 nonmalignant late effects in adults who underwent transplantation from January 2004 through June 2009 at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center who survived at least 1 year after HCT. Data were derived from review of medical records and annual self-reported questionnaires.The 1,087 survivors in the study had a median age at HCT of 53 years (range, 21 to 78 years) and were followed for a median of 37 months (range, 12 to 77 months) after HCT. The prevalence of pre-existing conditions ranged from 0% to 9.8%. The cumulative incidence of any nonmalignant late effect at 5 years after HCT was 44.8% among autologous and 79% among allogeneic recipients; 2.5% of autologous and 25.5% of allogeneic recipients had three or more late effects. Survivors with three or more late effects had lower physical functioning and Karnofsky score, lower likelihood of full-time work or study, and a higher likelihood of having limitations in usual activities. Predictors of at least one late effect were age ≥ 50 years, female sex, and unrelated donor, but not the intensity of the conditioning regimen.The burden of nonmalignant late effects after HCT is high, even with modern treatments and relatively short follow-up. These late effects are associated with poor health and functional status, underscoring the need for close follow-up of this group and additional research to address these complications.
Determinants of<i>F</i><sub>i,O<sub>2</sub></sub>with oxygen supplementation during noninvasive two-level positive pressure ventilation
Authors: F. Thys, G. Liistro, O. Dozin, E. Marion, D.O. Rodenstein
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

To maintain arterial oxygen saturation ( S a,O 2 ) above 90% in patients with acute respiratory failure, oxygen (O 2 ) is often added to the circuit of two-level noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). However, the final inspiratory oxygen fraction ( F i,O 2 ) is not known. To clarify this issue, the effect of different inspiratory positive airway pressures (IPAP) of the oxygen tubing connection site and the flow rate of O 2 , on F i,O 2 was assessed. The effects of the tidal volume ( V T ) and the respiratory rate on the F i,O 2 were then clarified in a model study. The F i,O 2 varied depending on the point where O 2 was added to the circuit. When all other variables were constant, the connection closest to the exhaust port (ventilator side) gave the highest F i,O 2 . Increases in IPAP led to decreases in F i,O 2 . Finally, F i,O 2 increased with O 2 flow, although it was difficult to obtain an F i,O 2 &gt;0.30 unless very high O 2 flows were used. Paradoxically, NPPV with low IPAP values and without O 2 supplementation led to a F i,O 2 &lt;0.21 at the circuit-patient interface. V T and respiratory rate did not appear to influence F i,O 2 . To conclude, when using noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with two-level respirators, oxygen should be added close to the exhaust port (ventilator side) of the circuit. If inspiratory airway pressure levels are &gt;12 cmH 2 O, oxygen flows should be at least 4 L·min −1 .
LSC 2013 abstract - Early indicators of oxidative stress in patients with COPD
Authors: Helen V. Evsyukova, Marina N. Paley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Oxidative stress is one of the major pathogenetic mechanisms of COPD.As one of the earliest and most reliable indicators of oxidative stress and destruction of tissues is the oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) we studied indicators of OMP and the number of recovered thiols in comparison with the data of spirometry, oxygen saturation and quality of life in 49 patients with I-IV stages of COPD at the remission of the disease. A control group consisted of healthy non-smokers 23 persons. For the quantitative determination of products of OMP in the blood the reaction of carbonyl derivatives of oxidized amino acid residues of proteins with 2.4-dinitrofenilgidrazin was applied. As a result of this reaction 2.4-dinitrofenilgidrazons were formed, which were registered by the spectrophotometer.The results of the study have revealed the increased amount of spontaneous oxidative modification of proteins at the initiation stage in patients with COPD (0.027±0.003 E/mg) compared with the healthy people (0.011±0.002 E/mg, p
Efficacy of a theory-based behavioural intervention to increase physical activity in an at-risk group in primary care (ProActive UK): a randomised trial
Authors: Ann-Louise Kinmonth, Nicholas J Wareham, Wendy Hardeman, Stephen Sutton, A Toby Prevost, Tom Fanshawe, Kate M Williams, Ulf Ekelund, David Spiegelhalter, Simon J Griffin
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Effects of Low Dose Fluticasone/Salmeterol Combination (Advair 100/50) on Surrogate Inflammatory Markers in Mild Persistent Asthma
Authors: M.A. Pasha, S. Patel, H. Jafri, P. Feustel, D. Sarathchandra, T. Smith, P. Malone, F. Jourd'heuil, D. Jourd'heuil
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Adherence of neutrophils to canine cardiac myocytes in vitro is dependent on intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
Authors: C W Smith, M L Entman, C L Lane, A L Beaudet, T I Ty, K Youker, H K Hawkins, D C Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The adhesiveness of isolated canine cardiac myocytes for neutrophils is greatly increased by stimulation with cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Since this adhesion is significantly inhibited by an anti-CD18 MAb, experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that the newly expressed adhesion molecule on the cardiac myocytes was intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). A newly developed MAb, CL18/6, was found to exhibit the functional and binding characteristics with canine neutrophils and canine jugular vein endothelial cells expected of an antibody recognizing ICAM-1. MAb CL18/6 also bound to isolated cardiac myocytes after stimulation of the myocytes with cytokines, and it blocked by greater than 90% the adhesion of neutrophils to stimulated myocytes. A partial cDNA clone for canine ICAM-1 was isolated, and ICAM-1 mRNA was found to be increased in both endothelial cells and cardiac myocytes after cytokine stimulation. Cytokines that both increased the CL18/6-inhibitable adhesion of neutrophils to myocytes and induced expression of ICAM-1 were IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and LPS. These results are consistent with the conclusion that canine endothelial cells and cardiac myocytes express ICAM-1 in response to cytokine stimulation, and that ICAM-1 functions as an adhesive molecule for neutrophils on both cell types.
Cancer Experts Offer Healthy Dose of Skepticism Toward Hype Over Antiangiogenesis Agents
Authors: Pat Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN CERTAIN TOXIC PROPERTIES OF FILTRATES OF HEMOLYTIC STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Julia T. Parker Weld, Anne Gunther
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Sterile filtrates from certain hemotoxic strains of Staphylococcus aureus have several toxic properties, of which the most important are the hemotoxic, the necrotoxic, the leucocidic and the property of killing rapidly. 2. The necrotoxic action appears to be caused by a constituent in the filtrates different from either the hemotoxic or the leucocidic one.
Ontogeny of adrenal steroid biosynthesis: why girls will be girls
Authors: P. C. White
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Male and female external genitalia appear identical early in gestation. Testosterone exposure at 8–12 weeks' gestation causes male differentiation. Female fetuses virilize if their adrenals secrete excessive levels of androgens, as occurs in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. This can be ameliorated by administering dexamethasone to the mother. A study by Goto et al. in this issue of the JCI provides a rationale for this treatment by demonstrating that the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is fully functional when the genitalia differentiate (see the related article beginning on page 953). Dexamethasone suppresses this axis, reducing abnormal secretion of adrenal androgens. Their results also show that cortisol synthesis by the fetal adrenal decreases after this period, allowing the adrenal to secrete high levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, an androgen precursor. However, this does not virilize female fetuses because androgens are aromatized to estrogens in the placenta. Thus normal sexual differentiation requires exquisite timing of fetal cortisol and androgen secretion versus placental capacity for aromatization.
Oral dendritic cells mediate antigen-specific tolerance by stimulating TH1 and regulatory CD4+ T cells
Authors: Laurent Mascarell, Vincent Lombardi, Anne Louise, Nathalie Saint-Lu, Henri Chabre, Hélène Moussu, Didier Betbeder, Anne-Marie Balazuc, Laurence Van Overtvelt, Philippe Moingeon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Macrophage-derived Wnt opposes Notch signaling to specify hepatic progenitor cell fate in chronic liver disease
Authors: Luke Boulter, Olivier Govaere, Tom G Bird, Sorina Radulescu, Prakash Ramachandran, Antonella Pellicoro, Rachel A Ridgway, Sang Soo Seo, Bart Spee, Nico Van Rooijen, Owen J Sansom, John P Iredale, Sally Lowell, Tania Roskams, Stuart J Forbes
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
The Hispanic paradox further unraveled?
Authors: R P Young, R J Hopkins
Journal: Thorax (2013)

In their cross-sectional study, Powell et al 1 found no evidence that genetic ancestry or self-reported ethnicity effected lung function among US smokers, in particular no evidence of a reduced risk of COPD in Hispanics (Hispanic paradox) previously described in a prospective study by Bruse et al .2 This observation might be due, in part, to the definition of Hispanic and lighter smoking histories in the Powell study.

In the Powell study, only 51% of those defined as Hispanic were Mexican while the rest were predominantly of Caribbean ancestry. This is important because the Mexican Hispanics are of European and American Indian ancestry, whereas the Caribbean …
Association between DNA Methylation and Shortened Survival in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer Treated with 5-Fluorouracil–Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Lanlan Shen, Paul J. Catalano, Al B. Benson, Peter O'Dwyer, Stanley R. Hamilton, Jean-Pierre J. Issa
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: There are no good genomic markers of survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) marks a distinctive pathway in colorectal cancer. We sought to determine the prognostic significance of CIMP in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group clinical trial. Experimental Design: We studied 188 patients enrolled on protocol E2290, a five-arm trial comparing 5-FU, 5-FU in combination with N-phosphonoacetyl-l-aspartic acid, oral leucovorin, i.v. leucovorin, or IFNα-2a in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Methylation of MINT1, MINT31, hMLH1, p14ARF, and p16INK4a in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens was evaluated by combined bisulfite restriction analysis, and methylation of MINT2 was studied by methylation-specific PCR. Results: Methylation frequencies were 21% for MINT1, 23% for MINT2, 24% for MINT31, 4% for hMLH1, 11% for p14ARF, and 17% for p16INK4a. Methylation of MINT1, MINT31, p14ARF, and p16INK4a were correlated, as expected. There was no association between methylation and clinicopathologic factors or response to therapy. Methylation of MINT1, MINT31, p14ARF, or p16INK4a was associated individually with shortened overall survival. Hazard ratios were 1.51 (P = 0.05) for MINT1, 1.70 (P = 0.006) for MINT31, 2.22 (P = 0.001) for p14ARF, and 1.51 (P = 0.05) for p16INK4a. Concurrent methylation of two or more genes of the CIMP-associated subset (MINT1, MINT31, p14ARF and p16INK4a) defined a group of cases with markedly reduced overall survival and hazard ratio was 3.22 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 in multivariate analyses). Conclusions: CIMP is associated with poor survival in advanced colorectal cancer patients.
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
Authors: Michael A. Yokell
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ventilatory effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: S Kesten, AS Rebuck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) improved arterial oxygenation in patients with sleep apnoea as well as those with acute pulmonary processes such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Despite an expanding pool of clinical information, little if any attempt seems to have been made to see whether nCPAP alters ventilatory patterns. The effect of nCPAP was assessed by respiratory inductance plethysmography in 14 healthy males. nCPAP reduced respiratory rate (14.3 +/- 1.47 to 9.7 +/- 1.98, p less than 0.0001) but increased tidal volume (0.483 +/- 0.090 to 0.602 +/- 0.140 l, p = 0.01). Accordingly, minute ventilation decreased (6.91 +/- 1.20 to 5.64 +/- 0.93 l.min-1, p = 0.0002). Duty cycle (TI/TTOT) decreased from 0.43 +/- 0.04 to 0.35 +/- 0.05 s during nCPAP (p less than 0.0001). Mean inspiratory time and mean expiratory time increased with nCPAP (1.79 +/- 0.19 to 2.20 +/- 0.41 and 2.44 +/- 0.38 to 4.27 +/- 1.07 s, respectively, p less than 0.02), but there were no significant changes in mean inspiratory flow rate or partitioning of rib cage and abdominal/diaphragmatic contributions to tidal volume. We conclude that nCPAP effects ventilatory pattern in a manner similar to that described for expiratory threshold loading; that is, by decreasing respiratory frequency and minute ventilation. nCPAP does not appear to stimulate healthy subjects to increase their level of ventilation.
Bile infection documented as initial event in the pathogenesis of brown pigment biliary stones
Authors: Francesco M. Cetta
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Findings in two patients having brown pigment bile stones, recurrent 18 and 36 months after cholecystectomy, are reported. Present data suggest that bile infection precedes rather than follows the formation of brown stones. The present data are part of a prospective study of 600 consecutive patients who underwent operation for gallstones and in whom clinical and laboratory findings, intra- and postoperative bile culture and bile pH were related to the analysis of stone composition by X-ray diffractometry and infrared spectroscopy. Both patients during the first operation underwent cholecystectomy, sphincterotomy and T-tube drainage. Bile culture was negative both at operation and in the first 3 to 5 samples obtained from the T-tube every 2 days, while Escherichia coli was found, starting from the tenth and fourteenth postoperative days, respectively. At the second operation, typical recurrent “earthy” brown stones, easily crushed with the fingers, with no central nucleus of a different structure were found. Previous sphincterotomy became stenotic, and E. coli was found in the operative bile in a concentration higher than 10 6 per ml. It is suggested that bile infection by E. coli , in addition to bile stasis, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of brown pigment stones.
Pulmonary Metastasis from Urothelial Carcinoma Showing Progressive Multiple Cystic Lesions
Authors: Shiro Imokawa, Masahiro Uehara, Tomohiro Uto, Shinya Sagisaka, Jun Sato, Kazumasa Yasuda, Kozo Matsushita, Satoshi Oi, Fumihiko Tanioka, Takafumi Suda, Kingo Chida
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)