tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Absence of Disparities in the Quality of Primary Diabetes Care for South Asians and Chinese in an Urban Canadian Setting
Authors: Baiju R. Shah, Karen Cauch-Dudek, Sonia S. Anand, Peter C. Austin, Douglas G. Manuel, Janet E. Hux
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To examine whether quality of diabetes care is equitable for South Asian and Chinese patients in an urban Canadian setting.
Changing Guidelines for Mass Emergency Care
Authors: James K. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Experience with multiple mass demonstrations and large public events in the District of Columbia has encouraged the proposal of several empiric guidelines. The overriding consideration for those responsible for health care in such situations is advance planning. An effective approach to providing care during demonstrations is to define the services to be provided in terms of function, with the assignment of different functions to different groups. Each element in the system should be self-sufficient and responsible for its own personnel and supplies. Controls are necessary for both equipment and personnel. Special units should be considered when indicated.
Orthopaedic-implant infections by Escherichia coli: Molecular and phenotypic analysis of the causative strains
Authors: Lise Crémet, Stéphane Corvec, Pascale Bémer, Laurent Bret, Cécile Lebrun, Béatrice Lesimple, Anne-Françoise Miegeville, Alain Reynaud, Didier Lepelletier, Nathalie Caroff
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Russia to restrict smoking in public places from June
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A tough new law banning smoking in public places and restricting cigarette advertising and sales will take effect this summer in Russia, where 39% of adults (60% of men and 22% of women) smoke regularly.

The law, overwhelmingly approved by Russia’s lower house of parliament and signed on 25 February by President Vladimir Putin, will impose public smoking restrictions in two …
STUDIES IN GLYCOSURIA
Authors: John H. King, R. D. Moyle, W. C. Haupt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

1. By introducing intravenously into dogs a solution of 5 per cent. ether in normal saline (0.9 per cent.), a satisfactory surgical anesthesia can be produced. 2. Associated with this anesthesia a glycosuria occurs in healthy adult dogs fed on a meat diet. 3. Normal saline (0.9 per cent.) introduced in exactly the same manner does not cause a glycosuria. 4. The glycosuria is, in general, associated with a hyperglycemia. 5. The glycosuria does not make its appearance until the condition of anesthesia has been produced. 6. The intravenous method of producing anesthesia employed in our studies eliminates largely the factor of asphyxia. 7. Consequently by this mode of administration ether may cause glycosuria without asphyxia. 8. The addition of ether to normal saline (0.9 per cent.) solution modifies the property of the latter to produce diuresis. 9. Associated with the intravenous administration of both the saline and the ether-saline solutions there occurs a rise of body temperature.
Effects of low-intensity aerobic training on the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in healthy elderly subjects
Authors: Yoshiyuki Sunami, Mitsugi Motoyama, Fujihisa Kinoshita, Yoshiko Mizooka, Kazuyo Sueta, Akira Matsunaga, Jun Sasaki, Hiroaki Tanaka, Munehiro Shindo
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
GM-CSF Autoantibodies and Neutrophil Dysfunction in Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Kanji Uchida, David C. Beck, Takashi Yamamoto, Pierre-Yves Berclaz, Shuichi Abe, Margaret K. Staudt, Brenna C. Carey, Marie-Dominique Filippi, Susan E. Wert, Lee A. Denson, Jonathan T. Puchalski, Diane M. Hauck, Bruce C. Trapnell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Increased mortality from infection in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis occurs in association with high levels of autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We tested the hypothesis that neutrophil functions are impaired in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and that GM-CSF autoantibodies cause the dysfunction.We studied 12 subjects with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 61 healthy control subjects, and 12 control subjects with either cystic fibrosis or end-stage liver disease. We also studied GM-CSF-/- mice and wild-type mice. We evaluated basal neutrophil functions, neutrophil functions after priming by GM-CSF to augment antimicrobial functions, and the effects of highly purified GM-CSF autoantibodies on neutrophil functions in vitro and in vivo.Neutrophils from subjects with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis had normal ultrastructure and differentiation markers but impaired basal functions and antimicrobial functions after GM-CSF priming. GM-CSF-/- mice also had reduced basal neutrophil functions, but functions after GM-CSF priming were unimpaired. The neutrophil dysfunction characteristic of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was reproduced in a dose-dependent fashion in blood specimens from healthy control subjects after incubation with affinity-purified GM-CSF autoantibodies isolated from patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The injection of mouse GM-CSF antibodies into wild-type mice also caused neutrophil dysfunction.The antimicrobial functions of neutrophils are impaired in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, owing to the presence of GM-CSF autoantibodies. The effects of these autoantibodies show that GM-CSF is an essential regulator of neutrophil functions.
Role of interleukin 1 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the mediation of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M. H Schiff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Chronic arthritis is characterised by chronic joint inflammation and concurrent joint erosion and destruction. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL1) has been shown to be a key mediator in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin 1 mediates bone resorption and cartilage destruction, but may not play as dominant a part in joint swelling and inflammation. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) selectively inhibits the effects of IL1 by competing for the IL1 receptor on all surfaces of the synovium. In a randomised controlled trial in 472 patients with active disease, IL1Ra 30 mg/day, 75 mg/day or 150 mg/day given by subcutaneous injection significantly reduced the signs and symptoms of RA at 24 weeks. An American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% response was seen in 43% of the patients treated with 150 mg/day at 24 weeks. IL1Ra was well tolerated; injection site reactions were the most common adverse event. In another trial, in 419 patients with active RA treated concomitantly with methotrexate, there were ACR 20% responses after 24 weeks in 42% of the patients treated with 1 mg/kg/day by subcutaneous injection and in 35% of those treated with 2 mg/kg/day. I1Ra offers a unique selective, targeted mechanism of action to block the IL1 mediated effects of RA.
Serum Uric Acid and Obesity in Hawaiians
Authors: Louis A. Healey
Journal: JAMA (1966)

HYPERURICEMIA in the Maori of New Zealand has been described. Obesity, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease were also noted to be very prevalent in these Polynesian people.<sup>1</sup>Another Polynesian group, the Hawaiians, also have a high rate of obesity,<sup>2</sup>ischemic heart disease,<sup>3</sup>and diabetes.<sup>4</sup>In view of the reported relation of hyperuricemia to obesity,<sup>5</sup>ischemic heart disease,<sup>6</sup>and diabetes,<sup>7</sup>it was thought that the Hawaiians would show elevated uric acid levels similar to the Maori. This study reports the finding of a normal mean serum uric acid (SUA) level in a group of Hawaiian men. Body build and serum lipids were also measured and are discussed in relation to the uric acid. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The sample consisted of 49 pure Hawaiian, adult men. It was limited to adult men to avoid the known variations in SUA levels related to puberty and menopause.
Human shoulder tendon biopsy samples in organ culture produce procollagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases.
Authors: S Dalton, T E Cawston, G P Riley, I J Bayley, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the production of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), collagenase (MMP-1), and its natural inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) by diseased human tendon samples in organ culture. METHODS--Portions of tendons were excised from the shoulders of patients undergoing shoulder surgery, classified as either proximal to the lesion (abnormal) or distal to the lesion (normal) according to their macroscopic appearance at surgery, and placed in organ culture for periods of up to 28 days. The release of collagenase and TIMP activity in the conditioned culture medium was measured. RESULTS--Procollagenase and TIMP were both produced by all the tendon samples for an extended period of time. The levels of enzyme and inhibitor varied between patients, but in most of them TIMP levels were greater than collagenase levels. In one sample of calcified tendon, procollagenase levels were greater than those of TIMP. The mean level of collagenase produced by tendon proximal to the lesion and tendon distal to the lesion were not significantly different (95.2 (SD 106.8) U/g and 34.0 (45.3) U/g, respectively), while the corresponding figures for TIMP were 109.7 (62.3) U/g and 53.0 (27.9) U/g (p = &lt; 0.05), although there was considerable variation in some samples. Western blotting and collagen fragment analysis confirmed that the collagenolytic activity detected was attributable to the metalloproteinase fibroblast collagenase (MMP-1). CONCLUSIONS--Tendon tissue can actively secrete procollagenase, an enzyme that, once activated, is capable of remodelling collagen, the major connective tissue component of tendon. Collagenase is produced even in unstimulated cultures, although the concentrations of TIMP are usually greater than that of collagenase in most samples. Some activation of collagenase appeared to have occurred. These results indicate that tendon tissue cells are capable of producing a remodelling response, even in end stage tendon disease.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Management of Patients with Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Anish Thomas, Esther Mena, Karen Kurdziel, David Venzon, Sean Khozin, Arlene W. Berman, Peter Choyke, Eva Szabo, Arun Rajan, Giuseppe Giaccone
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

There are limited data regarding the role of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([(18)F]-FDG PET) imaging in management of patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TET). The primary objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of early [(18)F]-FDG PET to monitor treatment efficacy and its correlation with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) in patients with TETs.
Ascorbate Restores Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Impaired by Acute Hyperglycemia in Humans
Authors: Joshua A. Beckman, Allison B. Goldfine, Mary Beth Gordon, Mark A. Creager
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and restored by vitamin C administration, implicating a causative role for oxidant stress. Hyperglycemia per se attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy subjects. Accordingly, this study investigated whether impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation caused by hyperglycemia in nondiabetic humans is restored by administration of the antioxidant vitamin C.Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was measured by incremental brachial artery administration of methacholine chloride (0.3 to 10 microg/min) during euglycemia, after 6 hours of hyperglycemia (300 mg/dL) created by dextrose (50%) intra-arterial infusion, and with coadministration of vitamin C (24 mg/min) during hyperglycemia. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly diminished by hyperglycemia (P:=0.02 by ANOVA) and restored by vitamin C (P:=0.04). In contrast, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was not affected by equimolar infusions of mannitol, with and without vitamin C coinfusion (P:=NS). Endothelium-independent vasodilation was measured by incremental infusion of verapamil chloride (10 to 300 microg/min) without and with coadministration of N:(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). In the absence of L-NMMA, endothelium-independent vasodilation was not significantly altered during hyperglycemia (P:=NS) but was augmented by vitamin C (P:=0.04). The coadministration of L-NMMA eliminated the vitamin C-related augmentation in verapamil-mediated vasodilation.Vitamin C administration restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation impaired by acute hyperglycemia in healthy humans in vivo. These findings suggest that hyperglycemia may contribute in part to impaired vascular function through production of superoxide anion.
Prevention of influenza at Hajj: applications for mass gatherings
Authors: Elizabeth Haworth, Osamah Barasheed, Ziad A Memish, Harunor Rashid, Robert Booy
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Summary Outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread via respiratory route, e.g. influenza, are common amongst Hajj congregation in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Arabian authority successfully organized the Hajj 2009 amidst fear of pandemic influenza. While severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was rare, the true burden of pandemic influenza at Hajj that year remains speculative. In this article we review the latest evidence on influenza control and discuss our experience of influenza and its prevention at Hajj and possible application to other mass gatherings. Depending on study design the attack rate of seasonal influenza at Hajj has ranged from 6% in polymerase chain reaction or culture confirmed studies to 38% in serological surveillance. No significant effect of influenza vaccine or the use of personal protective measures against influenza has been established from observational studies, although the uptake of the vaccine and adherence to face masks and hand hygiene has been low. In all, there is a relatively poor evidence base for control of influenza. Until better evidence is obtained, vaccination coupled with rapid antiviral treatment of symptomatic individuals remains the mainstay of prevention at Hajj and other mass gatherings. Hajj pilgrimage provides a unique opportunity to test the effectiveness of various preventive measures that require a large sample size, such as testing the efficacy of plain surgical masks against laboratory-confirmed influenza. After successful completion of a pilot trial conducted among Australian pilgrims at the 2011 Hajj, a large multinational cluster randomized controlled trial is being planned. This will require effective international collaboration.
TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH INSOLUBLE INSULIN COMPOUNDS
Authors: P. A. GRAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Article1 August 1937TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH INSOLUBLE INSULIN COMPOUNDSII. HISTONE-INSULIN*P. A. GRAY, M.D., F.A.C.P., FRITZ BISCHOFF, PH.D., W. D. SANSUM, M.D., F.A.C.P.P. A. GRAY, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, FRITZ BISCHOFF, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. D. SANSUM, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-2-274 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThroughout the past two years we have been studying the effect of insoluble insulin compounds in the treatment of human diabetes mellitus. The clinical results obtained with insulin tannate and insulin-zinc compounds have already been reported.1This communication deals with our clinical trial of the histone-insulin compound discovered and prepared for clinical use by one of us (F. B.2). This preparation has been found capable of controlling diabetes when used alone. Because of its slow and prolonged action on the blood sugar it is particularly useful in severe types of diabetes in juvenile patients and in elderly cases with cardiovascular...Bibliography1. GRAY PA: The treatment of diabetes mellitus with insoluble insulin compounds, Endocrinology, 1936, xx, 461-472. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. BISCHOFF F: Histone combinations of the protein hormones, Am. Jr. Phys., 1936, cxvii, 182-187. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. WELLS HG: Chemical pathology, Fifth Edition, 1925, Saunders Company, Philadelphia, p. 221. Google Scholar4. HAGEDORNJENSENKRAMPWODSTRUP HCBNNBI: Protamine insulinate, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1936, cvi, 177-180. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. WILDERWILBUR RMDL: Diseases of metabolism and nutrition, Arch. Int. Med., 1937, lix, 329-364. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: P. A. GRAY, M.D., F.A.C.P.; FRITZ BISCHOFF, PH.D.; W. D. SANSUM, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Santa Barbara, California*Presented at the St. Louis meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 22, 1937.From the Chemical Laboratories of the Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital and the Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Present Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus1 1 August 1937Volume 11, Issue 2Page: 274-284KeywordsBlood sugarClinical trial reportingDiabetes mellitusElderlyHistonesHospitalsInsulin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prescription Prices Under the New York Generic Substitution Law
Authors: IGOR FRANCETIĆ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We evaluated the New York State generic substitution law. This law mandates substitution of a less expensive product if the physician signs the prescription for an eligible brand name drug on the line marked "substitution permissible." We purchased drugs by brand name and generically before the law went into effect. Later, we purchased the same drugs in the same stores using the formats "brand-dispense-as-written," "brand-substitution-permissible," and "generic." Mean savings from generic prescribing or substitution increased from 12.1% ± 20.4% before the law to 26.2% ± 10.5% (brand-substitution-permissible) and 27.2% ± 14.2% (generic). Prices for the same drug written the same way varied enormously among pharmacies. Brand-dispense-aswritten, brand-substitution-permissible, and generic prices in the same store varied substantially and unpredictably. Savings were not passed on to consumers in 29% of postlaw comparisons. Assuring maximal savings requires extensive comparison shopping.
Graft invariant natural killer T-cell dose predicts risk of acute graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Aristeidis Chaidos, Scott Patterson, Richard Szydlo, Mohammed Suhail Chaudhry, Francesco Dazzi, Edward Kanfer, Donald McDonald, David Marin, Dragana Milojkovic, Jiri Pavlu, John Davis, Amin Rahemtulla, Katy Rezvani, John Goldman, Irene Roberts, Jane Apperley, Anastasios Karadimitris
Journal: Blood (2012)
The 120-kDa soluble ectodomain of type XVII collagen is recognized by autoantibodies in patients with pemphigoid and linear IgA dermatosis
Authors: J.Y. Roh, C. Yee, Z. Lazarova, R.P. Hall, K.B. Yancey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Type XVII collagen promotes adhesion of basal keratinocytes to epidermal basement membrane, and is the target of disease in patients with certain inherited or acquired blistering diseases. Two forms of type XVII collagen are produced by cultured human keratinocytes: a 180-kDa full-length, transmembrane protein, and a recently identified 120-kDa soluble fragment that corresponds to its collagenous ectodomain.We aimed to determine the incidence and pattern of reactivity of autoantibodies against the 180- and 120-kDa forms of type XVII collagen in sera from 40 patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP), pemphigoid gestationis or cicatricial pemphigoid (CP), as well as six patients with linear IgA dermatosis (LAD).Various immunochemical techniques were used.These studies found that the 120-kDa fragment of type XVII collagen was bound by circulating autoantibodies in 13 of 38 patients with BP or CP and all six patients with LAD. While many pemphigoid sera had specific reactivity against one but not both forms of this protein, autoantibodies from patients with LAD bound only the soluble ectodomain.These findings are consistent with the presence of both neoepitopes and cross-reactive epitopes on the ectodomain of type XVII collagen. The finding that sera from patients with LAD showed specific reactivity to epidermal basement membrane suggests that such neoepitopes are present in human skin and that their targeting by autoantibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Postmarketing surveillance of enalapril I
Authors: A. Morice, T W Higenbottam, M. J Brown
Journal: BMJ (1988)

was plainly evident that enalapril had considerably improved the quality of life and possibly prolonged it in many seriously ill patients" but give no data to support this observation.Every method of assessing the benefit risk profile of a new chemical entity has its drawbacks, but we believe that the yellow card reports, prescription-event monitoring, and properly conducted postmarketing studies each contribute to our knowledge, albeit in different ways.In attempt- ing to compare different methods care must be exercised to ensure legitimacy of the conclusions.
TRAUMATIC AFFECTIONS OF THE UVULA
Authors: SEYMOUR OPPENHEIMER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

From its peculiar position in relation to the oropharynx the uvula would appear to be extremely susceptible to severe traumatic influences, as it is constantly subjected to minor traumatisms in deglutition and excessive vocal efforts, yet reported cases of damage to this portion of the pendulous palate are comparatively rare, the text-books containing little or no reference to traumatic affections. The anatomic structure of the uvula, and its mobile characteristics, render it to a great degree exempt from traumatism otherwise affecting the tissues in its immediate proximity. The mucous membrane covering it, especially at the tip, is of firmer consistency than that of the surrounding tissues, and is also less dense in structure. As an additional protection against damage from the lodgment or impact of foreign bodies, is the absence of glandular stomata or crypts, as occur on the pharyngeal walls and tonsils. Pathologic alterations of the contour and structure