tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of biochemical markers on thrombolysis effectiveness early in the course of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Michael N. Zairis, Olga Papadaki, Paraskevi Psarogianni, Anastassios Lyras, George Psaltiras, Stavros Manousakis, Pelagia Batika, Demetrios Beldekos, Evdokia Adamopoulou, Apostolos Papantonakos, Spyros Argyrakis, Stefanos Foussas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Increased Levels of Antimicrobial Peptides in Tracheal Aspirates of Newborn Infants during Infection
Authors: SUSANNE SCHALLER-BALS, ANDREAS SCHULZE, ROBERT BALS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Pneumonia and systemic infection are common in premature infants. The antimicrobial peptides human β -defensin 1 and 2 (hBD-1 and hBD-2) and the cathelicidin LL-37/hCAP-18 are effector molecules of the innate respiratory immune system. It is unknown whether these host defense substances are produced in the respiratory tract of newborns. Concentrations of these peptides were determined in tracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated newborn infants. All three antimicrobial peptides could be detected in airway lining fluid with equivalent levels in term and preterm newborns. Concentrations of antimicrobial peptides correlated with each other and with levels of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor- α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Pulmonary or systemic infections were associated with significantly increased concentrations of LL-37, hBD-1, and hBD-2. Western blotting detected mature peptides in the lavage fluid. In conclusion, mucosal antimicrobial peptides are present in lung secretions of premature and mature newborns. The molecules are upregulated in response to infection and inflammation and probably represent effector molecules of the respiratory defense system.
1p/19q codeletion and IDH1/2 mutation identified a subtype of anaplastic oligoastrocytomas with prognosis as favorable as anaplastic oligodendrogliomas
Authors: Haihui Jiang, Xiaohui Ren, Xiangli Cui, Junmei Wang, Wenqing Jia, Zhiming Zhou, Song Lin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

BackgroundAnaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA), and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) are the major histological subtypes of World Health Organization grade III gliomas. More evidence suggests that AOA is unlikely to be a distinct entity, and re-evaluation of this issue has been recommended. In this study, we divided AOA into 2 subgroups, according to molecular biomarkers, and compared the survivals between them.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXCESS SALT INGESTION
Authors: Lewis K. Dahl, Martha Heine, Lorraine Tassinari
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Two strains of selectively inbred rats were demonstrated previously to have opposite genetic predisposition to develop hypertension from NaCl ingestion (1, 2), DOCA-NaCl (3), and unilateral renal artery compression without NaCl (3). Using these same strains, similar disparate responses were elicited with two other models for inducing experimental hypertension, namely cortisone and adrenal regeneration. On the basis of these experiences, it is proposed that the genetic substrate will be found to modify significantly the influence of all non-genetic factors considered to play a primary role in the etiology of experimental hypertension. Furthermore, it is suggested that similar genetic and non-genetic factors interact to produce hypertension in man. An hypothesis has been elaborated that is compatible with the experimental data and there is some clinical evidence to support this hypothesis.
Use and Abuse of HOMA Modeling
Authors: Tara M. Wallace, Jonathan C. Levy, David R. Matthews
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing β-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. It has been reported in &amp;gt;500 publications, 20 times more frequently for the estimation of IR than β-cell function. This article summarizes the physiological basis of HOMA, a structural model of steady-state insulin and glucose domains, constructed from physiological dose responses of glucose uptake and insulin production. Hepatic and peripheral glucose efflux and uptake were modeled to be dependent on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Decreases in β-cell function were modeled by changing the β-cell response to plasma glucose concentrations. The original HOMA model was described in 1985 with a formula for approximate estimation. The computer model is available but has not been as widely used as the approximation formulae. HOMA has been validated against a variety of physiological methods. We review the use and reporting of HOMA in the literature and give guidance on its appropriate use (e.g., cohort and epidemiological studies) and inappropriate use (e.g., measuring β-cell function in isolation). The HOMA model compares favorably with other models and has the advantage of requiring only a single plasma sample assayed for insulin and glucose. In conclusion, the HOMA model has become a widely used clinical and epidemiological tool and, when used appropriately, it can yield valuable data. However, as with all models, the primary input data need to be robust, and the data need to be interpreted carefully.
Methylation is less abundant in BRCA1-associated compared with sporadic breast cancer
Authors: K.P.M. Suijkerbuijk, M.J. Fackler, S. Sukumar, C.H. van Gils, T. van Laar, E. van der Wall, M. Vooijs, P.J. van Diest
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
An Essential Role for Interleukin 10 in the Function of Regulatory T Cells That Inhibit Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Chrystelle Asseman, Smita Mauze, Michael W. Leach, Robert L. Coffman, Fiona Powrie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

A T helper cell type 1–mediated colitis develops in severe combined immunodeficient mice after transfer of CD45RBhigh CD4+ T cells and can be prevented by cotransfer of the CD45RBlow subset. The immune-suppressive activities of the CD45RBlow T cell population can be reversed in vivo by administration of an anti-transforming growth factor β antibody. Here we show that interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential mediator of the regulatory functions of the CD45RBlow population. This population isolated from IL-10–deficient (IL-10−/−) mice was unable to protect from colitis and when transferred alone to immune-deficient recipients induced colitis. Treatment with an anti–murine IL-10 receptor monoclonal antibody abrogated inhibition of colitis mediated by wild-type (WT) CD45RBlow CD4+ cells, suggesting that IL-10 was necessary for the effector function of the regulatory T cell population. Inhibition of colitis by WT regulatory T cells was not dependent on IL-10 production by progeny of the CD45RBhigh CD4+ cells, as CD45RBlow CD4+ cells from WT mice were able to inhibit colitis induced by IL-10−/− CD45RBhigh CD4+ cells. These findings provide the first clear evidence that IL-10 plays a nonredundant role in the functioning of regulatory T cells that control inflammatory responses towards intestinal antigens.
The Critical Role of Src Homology Domain 2–Containing Tyrosine Phosphatase-1 in Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Hyporesponsive Anemia in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shigeru Akagi, Haruo Ichikawa, Tatsuo Okada, Ai Sarai, Taro Sugimoto, Hisanori Morimoto, Takashi Kihara, Ai Yano, Kazushi Nakao, Yoshio Nagake, Jun Wada, Hirofumi Makino
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

The molecular mechanism of anemia that is hyporesponsive to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in hemodialysis patients without underlying causative factors has not been investigated fully in hematopoietic stem cell system. Circulating CD34+ cells (1 × 104) were isolated from rHuEPO hyporesponsive hemodialysis patients (EPO-H; n = 9), patients who were responsive to rHuEPO (EPO-R; n = 9), and healthy control subjects (n = 9). The patients with known causes of EPO hyporesponsiveness were eliminated from the current study. The cells were cultured in STEM PRO 34 liquid medium, supplemented with rHuEPO, IL-3, stem cell factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor for 7 d and then transferred to a semisolid methylcellulose culture medium for performing burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) colony assay. Expression of src homology domain 2 (SH2)-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (p-STAT5) was assessed with Western blot analysis. In EPO-H patients, SHP-1 antisense or scrambled S-oligos were included in the culture medium, and its effects were evaluated. The number of circulating CD34+ cells was not statistically different among the three groups, and their proliferation rates were similar for 7 d in culture. However, BFU-E colonies were significantly decreased in EPO-H patients compared with EPO-R and control groups. The mRNA and protein expression of SHP-1 and p-SHP-1 was significantly increased, whereas that of p-STAT5 was reduced in EPO-H patients. The inclusion of SHP-1 antisense S-oligo in culture suppressed SHP-1 protein expression associated with p-STAT5 upregulation, increase in p-STAT5–regulated genes, and partial recovery of BFU-E colonies. In EPO-H hemodialysis patients, the EPO signaling pathway is attenuated as a result of dephosphorylation of STAT5 via upregulation of SHP-1 phosphatase activity, and SHP-1 may be a novel target molecule to sensitize EPO action in these patients.
Vegetable Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Hawaii
Authors: L. Le Marchand, C. N. Yoshizawa, L. N. Kolonel, J. H. Hankin, M. T. Goodman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Vegetable Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Hawaii Get access Loïc Le Marchand, Loïc Le Marchand * The Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of HawaiiHonolulu, HI *Correspondence to: Dr. Loïc Le Marchand, Epidemiology Program, Suite 407, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala St., Honolulu, HI 96813. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carl N. Yoshizawa, Carl N. Yoshizawa The Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of HawaiiHonolulu, HI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laurence N. Kolonel, Laurence N. Kolonel The Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of HawaiiHonolulu, HI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jean H. Hankin, Jean H. Hankin The Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of HawaiiHonolulu, HI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marc T. Goodman Marc T. Goodman The Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of HawaiiHonolulu, HI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 15, 2 August 1989, Pages 1158–1164, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.15.1158 Published: 02 August 1989 Article history Received: 31 January 1989 Revision received: 03 May 1989 Accepted: 11 May 1989 Published: 02 August 1989
Effects of fatigue on the torque-velocity relation in muscle
Authors: O Spendiff, N T Longford, E M Winter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

The extent to which fatigue is related to the velocity of shortening is still not fully understood.To examine the effects of fatigue induced by maximal intensity exercise at different velocities on subsequent torque-velocity relations in muscle.Ten men (mean (SD) age 25 (3) years; stature 1.78 (0.34) m; body mass 80.6 (14.5) kg) provided written informed consent and, over a five day period in a randomised manner, performed 16 fatiguing bouts of maximal intensity exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer each followed by one repetition maximum action. Concentric peak torque of the preferred leg was assessed at angular velocities of 0.52, 1.05, 2.09, and 3.14 rad/s. Mechanical work performed for all fatiguing bouts was held at 3050-3150 J. After a 45 second rest, a maximum effort was performed at one of the preset velocities. As a baseline, dependent variables of peak torque (N.m), angle of peak torque (rad), and mean torque (N.m) were measured at each velocity. An analysis of covariance was used to compare torque-velocity relations, and one factor, within subject analyses of variance with repeated measures investigated differences from baseline.Torque-velocity relations for all dependent variables did not differ (p>0.05). Similarly, angles at which peak torque occurred were not velocity dependent and did not differ from baseline and subsequent exercise measures (p>0.05). Generally, fatiguing exercise at low velocities led to reductions in peak and mean torque in subsequent exercise at higher velocities (p<0.05).Torque-velocity relations fundamentally remain intact after fatigue induced at any velocity, although the magnitude changes. The results suggest that the greater decline in torque during subsequent exercise at high velocities could be due to greater exhaustion of fatigue sensitive type II fibres, whereas low velocity subsequent exercise is less affected because of the greater use of type I fibres.
Prevention of Relapse of Histoplasmosis with Itraconazole in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Joseph Wheat, Richard Hafner, Michael Wulfsohn, Patricia Spencer, Kathleen Squires, William Powderly, Brian Wong, Michael Rinaldi, Michael Saag, Richard Hamill, Robert Murphy, Patricia Connolly-Stringfield, Necia Briggs, Susan Owens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of itraconazole in preventing relapse of histoplasmosis after induction therapy with amphotericin B in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and disseminated histoplasmosis. Design: A prospective, multicenter, open-label clinical trial, with follow-up for at least 52 weeks. Setting: Tertiary care hospitals participating in a clinical investigation sponsored by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AIDS Clinical Trial Group and Mycoses Study Group). Patients: Forty-two patients with AIDS who had successfully completed induction therapy for disseminated histoplasmosis amphotericin B, at least 15 mg/kg body weight given over 4 to 12 weeks. Interventions: Itraconazole, 200 mg given orally twice daily. Main Outcome Measures: Response to therapy, specifically prevention of histoplasmosis relapse, was the main outcome measure. Secondary end points were survival and the effect of therapy on Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen levels in urine and serum. Plasma itraconazole concentrations were measured to document drug absorption and compliance with therapy. Results: The median follow-up was 109 weeks, and median survival was 98 weeks. Two relapses occurred (5%; 95% CI, 0.5% to 16%), one in a patient withdrawn from the study 18 weeks earlier and one in a patient who did not comply with the study therapy. Patients with elevated antigen levels at study entry showed clearance of antigen from urine and serum; urine specimens became negative in 43% of patients (CI, 26% to 59%), and serum specimens became negative in 75% of patients (CI, 56% to 94%). Only one patient discontinued treatment because of itraconazole toxicity (hypokalemia). Conclusions: Itraconazole, 200 mg twice daily, is safe and effective in preventing relapse of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. Antigen clearance from blood and urine correlates with clinical efficacy. * For a list of other contributors to the study, see end the Appendix.
Is syntax a representation in itself?
Authors: Maritza Rivera-Gaxiola, Juan Felipe Silva-Pereyra
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

We address the issue of the nature of representations during development regarding language acquisition. The controversy of syntax as a process or operation for representation formation and syntax as a representation in itself is discussed. Eliminating the cognitive unconscious does not warrant a simplified, more parsimonious approach to human cognition in general.
Capecitabine in Addition to Anthracycline- and Taxane-Based Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Primary Breast Cancer: Phase III GeparQuattro Study
Authors: Gunter von Minckwitz, Mahdi Rezai, Sibylle Loibl, Peter A. Fasching, Jens Huober, Hans Tesch, Ingo Bauerfeind, Jörn Hilfrich, Holger Eidtmann, Bernd Gerber, Claus Hanusch, Thorsten Kühn, Andreas du Bois, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, Christoph Thomssen, Serban Dan Costa, Christian Jackisch, Manfred Kaufmann, Keyur Mehta, Michael Untch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

PURPOSE Capecitabine can be integrated either concomitantly or sequentially to anthracycline-plus-taxane-based regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with large operable or locally advanced tumors, with hormone receptor-negative tumors, or with receptor-positive tumors but also clinically node-positive disease were recruited to receive preoperatively four cycles of epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide (EC; epirubicin 90 mg/m(2) and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2)). Patients were then randomly assigned to four cycles of docetaxel (100 mg/m(2)), four cycles of docetaxel + capecitabine (TX; docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) plus capecitabine 1,800 mg/m(2)), or four cycles of docetaxel (75 mg/m(2)) followed by four cycles of capecitabine (1,800 mg/m(2); T-X). Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) -positive tumors received trastuzumab concomitantly with all cycles. Primary objectives were to assess the effect of docetaxel by comparing EC plus docetaxel versus EC plus TX and to assess the effect of duration by comparing EC plus TX versus EC plus T-X on pathologic complete response (pCR, without invasive/noninvasive breast tumor, regardless of nodal status) at surgery, irrespective of trastuzumab treatment. Results Of 1,509 patients starting EC, 1,421 were randomly assigned to docetaxel (n = 471), TX (n = 471), or T-X (n = 479). At surgery, pCR rates were 22.3%, 19.5%, and 22.3%, respectively; the difference for docetaxel (EC plus docetaxel v EC plus TX) was 2.8% (95% CI, -2.4% to 8.0%; P = .298).The difference for duration was -2.8% (95% CI, -8.0% to 2.4%; P = .298). Breast conservation rates were 70.1%, 68.4%, and 65.3%, respectively (P = .781 for docetaxel; P = .270 for duration). Concomitant but not sequential treatment with docetaxel was associated with more diarrhea; nail changes, and hand-foot-syndrome, but it was associated with less edema. CONCLUSION Adding capecitabine to or prolonging duration of neoadjuvant EC plus docetaxel does not result in higher efficacy at surgery.
Inhibition of Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase 1B Causes Resistance in BCR-ABL-Positive Leukemia Cells to the ABL Kinase Inhibitor STI571
Authors: Noriko Koyama, Steffen Koschmieder, Sandhya Tyagi, Ignacio Portero-Robles, Jörg Chromic, Silke Myloch, Heike Nürnberger, Tanja Rossmanith, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Dieter Hoelzer, Oliver Gerhard Ottmann
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of BCR-ABL-mediated transformation in vitro and in vivo. To investigate whether PTP1B modulates the biological effects of the abl kinase inhibitor STI571 in BCR-ABL-positive cells, we transfected Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia cell-derived K562 cells with either wild-type PTP1B (K562/PTP1B), a substrate-trapping dominant-negative mutant PTP1B (K562/D181A), or empty vector (K562/mock). Cells were cultured with or without STI571 and analyzed for its effects on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In both K562/mock and K562/PTP1B cells, 0.25 to 1 μmol/L STI571 induced dose-dependent growth arrest and apoptosis, as measured by a decrease of cell proliferation and an increase of Annexin V-positive cells and/or of cells in the sub-G1 apoptotic phase. Western blot analysis showed increased protein levels of activated caspase-3 and caspase-8 and induction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Low concentrations of STI571 promoted erythroid differentiation of these cells. Conversely, K562/D181A cells displayed significantly lower PTP1B-specific tyrosine phosphatase activity and were significantly less sensitive to STI571-induced growth arrest, apoptosis, and erythroid differentiation. Pharmacologic inhibition of PTP1B activity in wild-type K562 cells, using bis(N,N-dimethylhydroxamido)hydroxooxovanadate, attenuated STI571-induced apoptosis. Lastly, comparison of the STI571-sensitive Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line SupB15 with a STI571-resistant subline revealed significantly decreased PTP1B activity and enhanced BCR-ABL phosphorylation in the STI571-resistant SupB15 cells. In conclusion, functional PTP1B is involved in STI571-induced growth and cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation, and attenuation of PTP1B function may contribute to resistance towards STI571.
Intestinal perfusion studies in tropical sprue. 1. Amino acid and dipeptide absorption.
Authors: M D Hellier, A N Radhakrishnan, V Ganapathy, V I Mathan, S J Baker
Journal: Gut (1976)

Intestinal absorption of glycine 20 mmol/1, glycyl-glycine 10 mmol/1 plus L-leucine 10 mmol/1, and glycyl-L-leucine 10 mmol/1 has been studied by intestinal perfusion in 11 patients with tropical sprue and 10 control subjects. The patients with sprue had a significant reduction in the rate of absorption of glycine from a 20 mmol/1 solution, but there were no significant differences in the absorption of the other substances. The failure to demonstrate any difference in the absorption of these substances is probably related to their low concentration relative to the maximum absorptive capacity of the intestine. In both groups of subjects the kinetic advantage of glycyl-glycine absorption as compared with glycine absorption was maintained. When the dipeptides were perfused, free amino acids appeared in the perfusate presumably by "back diffusion" from the mucosal cells. In the case of glycyl-L-leucine considerably more glycine and leucine were found in the perfusate in patients with sprue than in the control subjects. There was no correlation between peptide absorption and the concentration of total glycly-glycine hydrolase and glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase, measured as combined brush border and cytosol enzymes. The concentrations of these enzymes were similar in both groups of subjects.