tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Immune System in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Kevin N. Sheth, Jonathan Rosand
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The urine-blood PCO2 gradient as a diagnostic index of H+-ATPase defect distal renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Sejoong Kim, Jay Wook Lee, Junghwan Park, Ki Young Na, Kwon Wook Joo, Curie Ahn, Suhnggwon Kim, Jung Sang Lee, Gheun-Ho Kim, Jin Kim, Jin Suk Han
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
A randomized study to investigate the hemostatic effect of tenecteplase (TNK-t-PA) versus alteplase (rt-PA) and streptokinase (SK) in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Felicita Andreotti, Luigi M. Biasucci, Silvano Berioli, Giovanna Crespi, Eugenia De Marco, Annalisa Porto, Daniela Albiero, Attilio Maseri, Antonio G. Rebuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Reiner Wiest, Melissa Lawson, Markus Geuking
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Humans harbor nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria, which in terms of numbers, represents around ten times more microbial cells than eukaryotic cells. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the largest surface area of the body with an epithelial surface of approximately 400 m, is in constant exposure to these live microorganisms. Their peaceful coexistence demonstrated by the lack of pro-inflammatory responses against commensal bacteria implicates the presence of clearly defined lines of communication. In fact, bacterial translocation (BT), being defined as translocation of bacteria and/or bacterial products (lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, muramyl-dipeptides, bacterial DNA, etc.) from the gut to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) [1], is a physiological process in healthy conditions and crucial for host immunity. In contrast, in cirrhosis ‘‘pathological’’ BT develops with a sustained increase in quantity (rate and/or degree) of BT. However, at least in humans, lack of access to MLN and/or upstream compartments towards the mucosal barrier until now hamper establishment of ‘‘cut-off’’ levels for physiological levels of BT in individual patients. Nonetheless, there appears to exist a hierarchy of three barriers against pathological BT, each of which encompasses a distinct set of mechanisms (Fig. 1). First, there are mediators that limit direct contact between the intestinal bacteria and the epithelial cell surface. Secondly, a layer of immune protection involves the rapid detection and killing of bacteria that manage to penetrate. Finally, a set of immune responses minimizes exposure of bacteria to the systemic immune system. In advanced liver cirrhosis, at each of these
Antibiotics for Neonates-Reply
Authors: Lisa M. Dunkle
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In Reply.—  We appreciate Dr Walentik's careful assessment of our article and the opportunity to elaborate on our criteria for use of antibiotics in the nursery.  The use of 72 hours as a limit for antibiotic administration in blood culture-negative infants is supported by the additional fact that surface cultures, particularly of the nasopharynx, were considered reliable as well. That is, group B Streptococcus or other recognized pathogens found in the nasopharynx or a number of other areas were considered adequate documentation for continued antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, there is no evidence, regardless of common practice, that five days is required to allow bacterial culture yields to show a diagnosis. To the contrary, the dense bacteremia generally present in infected neonates allows a more rapid bacteriologic diagnosis. 1 We believe that if bacterial infection is suspected strongly on clinical grounds alone, therapy must be continued for the standard ten to 14
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC ACIDS ON MAMMALIAN TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The growth of tubercle bacilli in vitro was inhibited by the addition of the sodium salts of very low concentrations of certain organic acids to a variety of liquid and agar culture media containing whole serum or serum albumin. Capric acid was the most active of the compounds tested, but inhibition of growth occurred also with the shorter aliphatic acids. Lactic acid was also growth-inhibitory, whereas the keto and dicarboxylic acids tested were inactive in this respect. The inhibitory activity of the aliphatic acids and of lactic acid increased as the pH of the medium was lowered by addition of HCl. It was greater in media enriched with serum or with oleic acid-albumin complex, but was otherwise fairly independent of the composition of the medium. The inhibitory effect appears to be bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal and to depend upon a disturbance of the normal metabolic processes of the bacilli. Some of the long chain fatty acids caused a marked enhancement of growth when used in low concentrations and in admixture with enough serum albumin to overcome their toxicity. The significance of these findings is discussed with reference to the survival and multiplication of tubercle bacilli in vivo within inflammatory and caseous areas, which are known to be often acidic and to contain high concentrations of organic acids.
Secret documents show tobacco industry's plans to stop smoking ban
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

US researchers have used secret tobacco industry documents to show for the first time how the industry tried to use political pressure to delay or stop the Environmental Protection Agency from issuing a risk assessment on passive smoking. The 1992 assessment showed that second hand cigarette smoke had adverse respiratory effects, especially on children, and estimated that it caused 3000 deaths from lung cancer a year among non-smokers ( American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2004;26: 167-77).

Most of the industry's tactics failed, but it took until 2002 before a …
Young scientists' group could improve working conditions
Authors: A Tonks
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Young medical researchers in Britain have got together to call for better training, better research opportunities, a clearer career structure, and a higher profile for medical research. The Association of Young Medical Scientists, recently set up in response to growing concern about the difficulties faced by career academics and the threat to research from the government's NHS reforms, has already asked Kenneth Calman, the chief medical …
Allergic Rash Due to Amphotericin B
Authors: BENNETT LORBER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Letters1 January 1976Allergic Rash Due to Amphotericin BBENNETT LORBER, M.D., CHARLES CUTLER, M.D., WILLIAM E. BARRY, M.D.BENNETT LORBER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CHARLES CUTLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM E. BARRY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-1-54 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAdverse reactions to the widely used antifungal agent, amphotericin B, are frequent and include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, phlebitis, azotemia, hypokalemia, and anemia (1, 2). However, it has been stated (2) that allergic reactions are "so rare as to cast doubt on their relation to amphotericin B." We report a case in which a generalized pruritic maculopapular rash and eosinophilia were apparently manifestations of hypersensitivity to amphotericin B.A 55-year old white man, with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted to Temple University Hospital on 12 April 1975 for evaluation of fever and anemia. Three months before admission,...References1. UTZBENNETTBRANDRISS JJM: Amphotericin B toxicity. Combined clinical staff conference at the National Institutes of Health. Ann Intern Med 61:334-354, 1964 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BENNETT J: Chemotherapy of systemic mycoses. N Engl J Med 290:30-32, 320-323, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Section of Infectious Diseases and Section of Hematology Department of Medicine Temple University Health Sciences Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrug-Induced EosinophiliaIs Amphotericin B Test Dosing Needed?Update on Invasive CandidiasisEosinophilia and Allergic Reactions to DrugsAntifungal drugs 1 January 1976Volume 84, Issue 1Page: 54-54KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAmphotericinAnemiaAntifungalsEosinophiliaFeversHypersensitivityNauseaRashesVomiting Issue Published: 1 January 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3167: Myosin-Va involvement in malignant properties of melanoma cells
Authors: Anelisa Ramao, Carmen Lucia S. Pontes, Enilza M. Espreafico
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Evidence has emerged on the role of myosin-Va in cancer progression. Recently a role for myosin-Va in tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis has been described for cancer cell lines from lung, colon, breast and prostate. One of the objectives of this work was to assess a possible role to myosin-Va in melanoma cells. We knocked down the expression of endogenous myosin-Va by using a lentiviral vector expressing a shRNA (shMYO5A) designed to target MYO5A mRNA in 1205Lu - a human melanoma cell line and functional studies were conductedonce efficient knockdown was attained. Myosin-Va depletion was showed to have no effect in cell proliferation as determined by crystal violet staining at a time course interval. However, cell viability was significantly reduced in MYO5A depleted cells compared to control ones. Also, a higher apoptotic index was observed in those cells suggesting that myosin-Va is involved in tumor growth. Subsequentlywe performed a cell migrationanalysis and found rates 60% lower for MYO5A depleted cells. This effect could have been caused by impairment in cell adhesion to the substrate as we could verify by a dynamic adhesion assay in different types of matrix. Adhesion ability to collagen, fibronectin, lamminin and matrigel was reduced in MYO5A depleted cells. Also, cell surface levels of integrins were lower for shMYO5A transfected cells compared to control as measured by flow cytometry approach and imply a defect in cell adhesion and migration caused by MYO5A knock-down.Next we evaluate cell survival under detachment conditions by plating cells on non-adherent surfaces and measuring cell death after 24h by annexin-V staining at cell surface. Results suggested that myosin-Va protects cells from anoikis (apoptosis caused by detachment) since MYO5A depleted cells presented higher rates of apoptosis compared to wild-type. Colony formation in soft agar showed that myosin-Va is required for anchorage-independent growth since depleted cells presented fewer and smaller colonies 30 days after culturing under those conditions. These findings indicate that myosin-Va is involved in several steps of tumor growth and progression including cell survival after detachment of the initial tumor mass and colonization of new microenvironments, suggesting that its upregulation in melanoma cells contributes to the rise of malignancy in this type of cancer. Citation Format: Anelisa Ramao, Carmen Lucia S. Pontes, Enilza M. Espreafico. Myosin-Va involvement in malignant properties of melanoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3167. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3167
Tc-99m HMPAO Brain Perfusion Tomography Atlas Using a High Resolution SPECT System
Authors: HIROSHI MATSUDA, SHARAM DABIRI OSKOIE, KEIKO KINUYA, SHIRO TSUJI, HISASHI SUMIYA, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Excellent SPECT images of brain perfusion with Tc-99m HMPAO were obtained by the use of a three-head rotating gamma camera SPECT system with high resolution (FWHM 7mm) in a normal volunteer. These images should be clinically effective for evaluating various neurologic disorders. Transverse, coronal, and sagittal sectional HMPAO-SPECT images are correlated with corresponding brain MRI images of the same normal volunteer in this atlas.
False-positive hematuria
Authors: M. S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Competency and Consent to Treatment-Reply
Authors: James F. Drane
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Intelligent criticism is a courtesy for which I thank Dr Eth. He gives a fair synopsis of my ideas in the opening paragraph and correctly assesses their clinical implications. A patient making a dangerous and apparently irrational treatment decision does, indeed, raise suspicions of incompetence and signals the need for a competency assessment. If the suspicion is confirmed by the presence of a major or minor mental encumbrance (depending on the seriousness of the decision), then Dr Eth is again correct in seeing that such a determination is used to justify doing what is in the patient's best interest. But he objects to treatment under such circumstances, although the basic values of medicine are thereby realized. Dr Eth prefers patient self-determination to traditional medical values, and this is the core of our disagreement. I do not deny that patient self-determination is an important value, but do not believe
Staphylococci surviving intracellularly in phagocytes from patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease are killed in vitro by antibiotics encapsulated in liposomes.
Authors: J Roesler, S Hockertz, B Vogt, M L Lohmann-Matthes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages from patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are ineffective in killing specific kinds of phagocytized bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, due to decreased or lacking ability to produce reactive oxygen intermediates. Commonly used antibiotics like flucloxacillin are of limited therapeutic value, because the staphylococci are protected against their action in the interior of phagocytes. However, encapsulation of flucloxacillin into liposomes could enable its entrance into the interior of neutrophils from two CGD patients to kill phagocytized bacteria there. The effect of rifampicin against intracellular staphylococci could be similarly enhanced by liposome encapsulation. Dose-response relations and kinetics of killing of intracellular bacteria by antibiotics in the free and encapsulated form were studied under different conditions using J 774 mouse macrophages, because phagocytes from CGD patients are not available in great amounts. Preincubation of phagocytes with either antibiotic in liposomes subsequently endowed the cells with a strongly enhanced ability to kill phagocytized bacteria. Our data show that a drug which normally will not reach a phagosome can be delivered to this intracellular compartment by a liposome. A possible clinical use is discussed.
Do the cognitive and behavioral sciences need each other?
Authors: David W. Jr. Gow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Game theory provides a descriptive or a normative account of an important class of decisions. Given the cognitive sciences' emphasis on explanation, unification with the behavioral sciences under a descriptive model would constitute a step backwards in their development. I argue for the interdependence of the cognitive and behavioral sciences and suggest that meaningful integration is already occurring through problem-based interdisciplinary research programs.
French emergency services reach crisis point
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (2002)

French hospitals are in a state of crisis, with emergency wards oversaturated in recent weeks because of a shortage of doctors and nurses.

In Lille and other cities in the north of the country, some emergency patients and babies born prematurely had to be transferred to hospitals in Belgium. Emergency services in Marseilles have been disorganised owing to the resignation of several doctors.

In the south west, nurses are being imported from Spain, whereas in the east many are being attracted by offers from Switzerland.

An unexpected increase in the number of births, and particularly multiple and premature births, has placed an additional burden on maternity wards. The number of births, …
A possible role for chromium(III) in genotoxicity.
Authors: E T Snow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Chromium is found in the environment in two major forms: reduced CrIII and CrVI, or chromate. Chromate, the most biologically active species, is readily taken up by living cells and reduced intracellularly, via reactive intermediates, to stable CrIII species. CrIII, the most abundant form of chromium in the environment, does not readily cross cell membranes and is relatively inactive in vivo. However, intracellular CrIII can react slowly with both nucleic acids and proteins and can be genotoxic. We have investigated the genotoxicity of CrIII in vitro using a DNA replication assay and in vivo by CaCl2-mediated transfection of chromium-treated DNA into Escherichia coli. When DNA replication was measured on a CrIII-treated template using purified DNA polymerases (either bacterial or mammalian), both the rate of DNA replication and the amount of incorporation per polymerase binding event (processivity) were greatly increased relative to controls. When transfected into E. coli, CrIII-treated M13mp2 bacteriophage DNA showed a dose-dependent increase in mutation frequency. These results suggest that CrIII alters the interaction between the DNA template and the polymerase such that the binding strength of the DNA polymerase is increased and the fidelity of DNA replication is decreased. These interactions may contribute to the mutagenicity of chromium ions in vivo and suggest that CrIII can contribute to chromium-mediated carcinogenesis.
Secretary, Department of Health.
Authors: Thomas L. Cooksay
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Fairfield, Ind., Sept. 24, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some of the papers of our land have had much to say of sanitary conditions, and made attacks upon the medical department, the truthfulness of which will be brought out or refuted by investigation. Present reports from surgeons themselves prove the fact that they have done noble work, also that many embarrassing conditions arose not due to any lack of service upon their part, but because of limited authority, being handicapped by officers of other departments, and without medical knowledge. All general orders must come from the Secretary of War and in such trying times it seems quite enough for him to give attention to other duties. In truth, this department should be directed by the Secretary of the Board of Health, who should a member of the cabinet and a physician. Let it be his duty to look after sanitary conditions,
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS (DUHRING'S DISEASE)
Authors: F. GUERRA RODRIGO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— Biopsies of clinically normal skin and erythematous and recent vesicular lesions of 3 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) were studied by electron microscopy. The early events at the dermo–epidermal junctional zone were the presence of glycogen and lipid particles in the basal cells, rarefaction of half‐desmosomes, and small duplications of the basal lamina. In some areas of the dermo‐epidermal junction of the erythematous skin separation between epithelial basal cells and basal lamina was observed. In the vesicles fibrin, with its typical cross‐banding pattern, was seen. The early changes observed in the epithelial germinative cells were interpreted as evidence of disturbance in dermo‐epidermal interaction, possibly caused by immunoglobulin deposition at this level. The abnormal synthesis of half‐desmosomes by the basal cells could be the cause of supra‐laminar dis‐junction.
Book Review False Hope: Bone Marrow Transplantation for Breast Cancer By Richard A. Rettig, Peter D. Jacobson, Cynthia M. Farquhar, and Wade M. Aubry. 355 pp. New York, Oxford University Press, 2007. $49.95. 978-0-19-518776-2
Authors: Daniel F. Hayes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Points: Setting the record a little straighter
Authors: M. O'Donnell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The chance of a dialysis patient in France receiving a transplant in 1983 was 1:13, in Italy it was 1:29, while in the United Kingdom it was greater than 1:4.Surely the way to increase the number of patients being treated (Mrs Elizabeth Ward's leading article, 22-29 December, p 1712) is to inform our colleagues of the successful parts of our renal failure programme while working hard to improve those areas in which we are deficient.