tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemicraniectomy — To Halve or Halve Not
Authors: Allan H. Ropper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A large ischemic stroke that is starting to swell is one of the most alarming situations faced by neurologists and neurosurgeons. The problem progresses relentlessly, usually ending in death. This type of ischemic brain swelling has been attributed to edema, but it does not respond to the usual treatments, so it has been called "malignant edema," although there is no connection to a brain tumor. About 5% of strokes result in this complication, and almost all are caused by embolic occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery. The patient's condition usually deteriorates on the third to fifth day after the . . .
Oral Contraceptives, Pyridoxine, and Depression
Authors: FRANK WINSTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Taking steroid hormones for the control of ovulation may be associated with depressive mood changes in women who are predisposed to depression. The author postulates that such depression may in some cases be due to inhibition of the synthesis of biogenic amines in the central nervous system as the result of a functional pyridoxine deficiency caused by the estrogen in the oral contraceptives. It is suggested that this depression might be prevented or alleviated by the administration of supplementary vitamin B6.
INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND FINDINGS AND THE OUTCOMES FOLLOWING ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY WITH A DRUG-ELUTING STENT IN THE FEMOROPOPLITEAL ARTERY
Authors: Kiyonori Nanto, Osamu iida, Masashi Fujita, Tetsuya Watanabe, Masaki Awata, Shin Okamoto, Takayuki Ishihara, Yukika Mizukami, Takuma Iida, Tatsuya Shiraki, Takashi Kanda, Keisuke Okuno, Akihiro Sunaga, Takuya Tsujimura, Masaaki Uematsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 5336: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays roles in proliferation, survival and migration of Ewing tumor cells through the activation of several tyrosine kinases
Authors: Hyung Gyoo Kang, Xian Fang Liu, Poul HB Sorensen, Timothy J. Triche
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In normal cells, expression of cytokines and their mediated cell signaling pathways are tightly and accurately regulated. But in many tumors, it has been shown that cytokine signaling pathways are deregulated. Thus, identification and understanding of deregulated cytokines and their related pathways can provide the unique and promising opportunity for better-targeted therapies of cancer. MIF has been known to be a proinflammatory cytokine but recently it was shown that MIF plays roles in proliferation, survival and apoptosis in several tumors. In order to study the effects and molecular mechanisms of MIF on Ewing tumor cell growth and survival we established MIF deficient Ewing tumor cell lines using shRNA method. In our study it was found that the decreased MIF expression is significantly correlated to morphological change, deregulation of differentiation, decrease of proliferation and increase of apoptosis in Ewing tumor cells. Then several signal pathways were investigated to elucidate the molecular mechanism of MIF functions in Ewing tumor cells. It has been found that MIF is involved in the activation of Jak/Stat and Src pathways that regulate activation of Akt and Erk, which play key roles in the cell survival and proliferation. Related to the morphological change and mobility change in MIF-deficient cells it was found that Rac1 activation is highly regulated by MIF in Ewing tumors. In addition, it was found that activation of several kinases is closely related to the expression of MIF in Ewing tumors. Therefore our data implies that MIF might functionally contribute to Ewing tumor cell growth, survival, proliferation and metastasis, which suggests that MIF might be a promising target of Ewing tumor cells therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5336. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5336
Increasing the efficacy of CD20 antibody therapy through the engineering of a new type II anti-CD20 antibody with enhanced direct and immune effector cell–mediated B-cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Ekkehard Mössner, Peter Brünker, Samuel Moser, Ursula Püntener, Carla Schmidt, Sylvia Herter, Roger Grau, Christian Gerdes, Adam Nopora, Erwin van Puijenbroek, Claudia Ferrara, Peter Sondermann, Christiane Jäger, Pamela Strein, Georg Fertig, Thomas Friess, Christine Schüll, Sabine Bauer, Joseph Dal Porto, Christopher Del Nagro, Karim Dabbagh, Martin J. S. Dyer, Sibrand Poppema, Christian Klein, Pablo Umaña
Journal: Blood (2010)
Crack vs Inhaled Cocaine and Sentencing
Authors: Robert Byck
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Differences between crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride were accepted until the discovery that blacks were disproportionately convicted for possession of crack (a form of cocaine hydrochloride). This led to charges that the law was discriminatory<sup>1</sup>and that the disparity between the weight of cocaine hydrochloride and the weight of crack needed to trigger mandatory sentences was based on "mythical" differences. The review by Hatsukami and Fischman<sup>1</sup>addresses this issue. That crack and cocaine hydrochloride are ultimately the same substance is irrelevant. Lead can be found in bullets or in printer's type. The intent of the user not the chemical composition of the material is the relevant information for the legal system. The weight of material held by the person accused of possession serves only as a metaphor for intent. A greater weight implies an intent to distribute. A smaller amount implies that the drug is for personal use. There
Increased Incidence of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Jonathan M. Evans
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To determine the frequency of aneurysm and dissection of the aorta in patients with giant cell arteritis and to assess the effects of these events on these patients.Population-based cohort study.A multispecialty and a primary care clinic in southern Minnesota.96 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who developed giant cell arteritis between 1950 and 1985. The presence of aortic aneurysm, dissection, or both was confirmed using computed tomography, ultrasonography, angiography, or autopsy.11 of the 96 patients were found to have thoracic aortic aneurysms. In 2 of these patients, the aneurysms were detected when giant cell arteritis was diagnosed. In the remaining 9 patients, the aneurysms occurred a median of 5.8 years after giant cell arteritis was diagnosed. Six of the 11 died suddenly of acute thoracic aortic dissection. Five patients who did not have thoracic aortic aneurysms developed isolated abdominal aortic aneurysms a median of 2.5 years after giant cell arteritis was diagnosed. The incidence of thoracic aortic aneurysm in patients with giant cell arteritis was 999 per 100,000 person-years; the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in these patients was 555 per 100,000 person-years. Compared with all persons of the same age and sex living in Olmsted County, patients with giant cell arteritis were 17.3 times (95% Cl, 7.9 to 33.0) more likely to develop thoracic aortic aneurysm and 2.4 times (Cl, 0.8 to 5.5) more likely to develop isolated abdominal aortic aneurysm.Giant cell arteritis is associated with a markedly increased risk for the development of aortic aneurysm, which is often a late complication and may cause death.
Microbial resistance to disinfectants: mechanisms and significance.
Authors: J C Hoff, E W Akin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Drinking water disinfection provides the final barrier to transmission of a wide variety of potentially waterborne infectious agents including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. These agents differ greatly in their innate resistance to inactivation by disinfectants, ranging from extremely sensitive bacteria to highly resistant protozoan cysts. The close similarity between microorganism inactivation rates and the kinetics of chemical reactions has long been recognized. Ideally, under carefully controlled conditions, microorganism inactivation rates simulate first-order chemical reaction rates, making it possible to predict the effectiveness of disinfection under specific conditions. In practice, changes in relative resistance and deviations from first-order kinetics are caused by a number of factors, including microbial growth conditions, aggregation, and association with particulate materials. The net effect of all these factors is a reduction in the effectiveness and predictability of disinfection processes. To ensure effective pathogen control, disinfectant concentrations and contact times greater than experimentally determined values may be required. Of the factors causing enhanced disinfection resistance, protection by association with particulate matter is the most significant. Therefore, removal of particulate matter is an important step in increasing the effectiveness of disinfection processes.
Respiratory epithelial permeability in complete Freund's adjuvant rat lung granulomatosis.
Authors: M Mordelet-Dambrine, G Stanislas-Leguern, D Henzel, L Barritault, G Huchon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To investigate Freund's adjuvant-induced changes in respiratory epithelial permeability, we determined the respiratory epithelium clearance of 99mTc-DTPA (RC-DTPA) in rats and the localization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) across the lung epithelium. RC-DTPA was determined before and after intravenous injection of saline (control) or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Although the respiratory epithelium was not disrupted, RC-DTPA was increased 15 min after injection of CFA and was still high after 3 d but had returned to normal after 7 d, after which it again increased and stayed high from Day 42 through Day 112. Cell number obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage increased from 15 min to 3 d after injection of CFA. Lung granulomatosis was observed 14 to 112 d after injection of CFA; changes in RC-DTPA correlated with changes in alveolar cells. HRP was present in bronchiolar intercellular spaces only in the CFA group. We conclude that (1) RC-DTPA increases in rat lung CFA granulomatosis 15 min to 3 and 42 to 112 d following injection, (2) the increase in RC-DTPA is not related to a rupture of epithelium but (3) is proportional to the cell influx into the lung, and (4) is possibly caused by the opening of tight junctions in small airways.
Effect of Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Addison Disease
Authors: Peter M. J. Zelissen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To study the influence of glucocorticoid replacement therapy on bone mineral density. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University hospital in the Netherlands. Patients: 91 patients with Addison disease who had been receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy for a mean of 10.6 years (range, 0.5 to 36.5 years). Measurements: Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and both femoral necks using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer and basal serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropin, gonadal hormones, and adrenal androgens. Results: Decreased bone mineral density (< 2 standard deviations [SD] of the mean value of an age-matched reference population) was found in 10 of 31 men (32%; 95% CI, 17% to 51%) and in 4 of 60 women (7%; CI, 2% to 16%). No statistically significant differences were found between men and women with regard to age, duration of glucocorticoid substitution, or glucocorticoid dose, either in absolute quantities or when expressed per kilogram of body weight. However, in men with decreased bone mineral density, the daily hydrocortisone dose per kilogram of body weight (0.43 ±0.08 mg/kg; mean ±SD) was significantly (P = 0.032) higher than in men with normal bone mineral density (0.35 ±0.10 mg/kg). After correction for possible confounding variables, a significant linear correlation was found between hydrocortisone dose per kilogram of body weight and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in the men (regression coefficient, −0.86;CI, −1.60 to −0.13; P = 0.029) but not in the women. Conclusions: Long-term treatment with standard replacement doses of glucocorticoids may induce bone loss in men with Addison disease. Adjustment of glucocorticoid therapy to the lowest acceptable dose is mandatory in Addison disease, and regular measurement of bone mineral density may be helpful in identifying men at risk for the development of osteoporosis.
Abstract P4-05-02: Phospho-reactome measurements reveal heterogenic kinase signatures
Authors: J-P Coppé, Z Chen, M Mori, A Boudreau, L van 't Veer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Treating cancer increasingly relies on targeting kinases, because their oncogenic activity drive tumorigenesis. Discovering which active mechanisms of disease progression can be efficiently targeted, and knowing whether kinase networks circumvent therapeutic interventions, are challenges researchers and clinicians face. Surprisingly however, measuring the phosphorylating activity of kinases, and potentially monitoring the functionality of the entire human phospho-reactome at once, remains largely unexplored. We developed a semi-high throughput assay to monitor the phospho-catalytic activity of kinase enzymes, using their biological targets as phospho-sensors. We successfully used this assay to identify oncogenic phospho-signatures prevalent in breast cancer, and can be used to establish drug-sensitivity profiles in models of kinase-targeted therapies. Methods: We first defined how to computationally build a library of peptide sensors established from confirmed kinase substrates’ phosphorylation sites. Precisely, we used computational methods to create a unique phospho-repertoire cataloguing 3,408 peptide sequences established from validated human proteins’ phosphorylation sites, curated from 38 public databases. Second, we experimentally used these biologically relevant probes in multiplex assays to quantify the catalytic state of kinases. Specifically, a kinome-representative 242-peptide set was developed into an ATP-consumption screen to identify the activity signatures of EGFR, MAPK, AKT, ABL and SRC family kinases, and explore 642 kinase/substrate nodes. Next, we described analysis methods to derive phospho-signatures from semi-high throughput ATP-consumption measurements. We validated the assay using isogenic culture model of basal-like breast cancer (HMT-3522 S1 and T4-2), and cell lines harboring EGFR/HER2-oncogenic alterations such as MDA-MB-231, MCF7 or T47D. Results: The differential phosphorylation activity of 25 recombinant, active kinase enzymes was successfully captured. In cancer cell extracts, hyper-activated EGFR, ERK, MEK, AKT, and SRC kinases originally identified by immuno-detection were reliably and specifically detectable using the peptide-based kinase-activity assay. The phospho-sensing assay revealed the heterogeneity of active kinase signaling circuits among different breast cancer cells. Conclusion: This unique strategy and resources allow to comprehensively measure the catalytic activity of multitude kinases at once, representing a new molecular dimension to characterize biological samples. We will use such new phospho-reactome profiling system to determine the efficacy of new combinatorial therapies, and define how chemotherapeutic interventions lead to the reprogramming of phospho-circuits. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-05-02.
GROWTH REQUIREMENTS OF DYSGONIC AND EUGONIC STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS VAR. BOVIS
Authors: Werner B. Schaefer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

The nutritional requirements of dysgonic and eugonic bovine tubercle bacilli were investigated in liquid Tween-albumin medium. The following conclusions were reached:— Dysgonic bovine tubercle bacilli require for multiplication long chain fatty acids which can be supplied as oleic, palmitic, or stearic acid whereas eugonic bovine strains can grow in the absence of fatty acid and can utilize glucose as a sufficient source of carbon. In the presence of fatty acids, the growth of dysgonic strains is increased by the addition of small amounts of glucose or glycerol, whereas large amounts of glucose or glycerol decrease the total growth and inhibit or retard the growth of small inocula. In glucose-fatty acid media, the growth of dysgonic strains is further stimulated by the addition of sodium glutamate, succinate, malate, or acetate. Sodium pyruvate enables dysgonic strains to grow rapidly in liquid media containing glucose or glycerol even in the absence of fatty acid. The significance of these findings for the mechanism of the variation from "dysgonic" to "eugonic" is discussed. The use of oleic acid-albumin agar without glucose permits the rapid isolation of bovine tubercle bacilli from natural sources.
Effect of high dose steroid bolus on occlusion of ocular central artery: angiographic study.
Authors: N Hausmann, G Richard
Journal: BMJ (1991)

occurrence of at least one symptom, the relative risk of symptoms adjusted for age and sex being significantly increased in bathers (1-31; 95% confidence interval 1 04 to 1 64).Risk increased with degree of exposure, rising from 1-25 (0-96 to 1-62) in waders to 1-31 (0-98 to 1 75) in swimmers to 1 81 (I 09 to 2 99) in surfers or divers, indicating a dose-response relation (table ).Bathers experienced significantly more gastro- intestinal illness than non-bathers (relative risk 1L47,Relative nisk ofreported symptoms adjusted for age and sex according to bathing in sea water, Ramsgate, August 1990No (%) Relative risk reporting symptoms (95% confidence interval) At least one reported symptom Non-bathers(n=839) 180(21-5) 1 00 Bathers (n= 1044) 275 (26 3) (1-04 to 1-64) Waders (n= 561) 142 (25-3) 1-25 (0-96 to 1-62) Swimmers (n=399) 105 (26-3) 1 31 (0-98 to 1-75) Surfersordivers(n=84) 28(33-3) 1-81 (1-09to2-99) Gastrointestinal symptoms (including diarrhoea) 68 (8-1) 100
THE VALUE OF CAUSTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASES.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association held at San Francisco. June 5-8,1894.
Authors: JOHN PARMENTER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The advocates of caustics in the treatment of ma¬ lignant growths have made many claims regarding the method of action and the results to be attained from the employment of the same.Prominent among the advantages claimed for caustics is the one that after their use, recurrence of the malignant growth is less frequent.An assertion like the above is easy to make, but difficult to prove.It is equally difficult to disprove, and correct conclusions can only be made by careful and logical interpretation of the statistics of a large and well observed number of cases.Apropos of this, space permits only the re¬ mark that the general consensus of opinion among surgeons to-day is to the effect that caustics give no more exemption from recurrence than does the knife.Another claim is to the effect that the value of caustics is due to a selective action, whereby only malignant tissue is destroyed by the agent employed.This erroneous idea naturally arose from the fact that caustics destroy malignant sooner than healthy tissue, the latter having more resistance than the
CHARCOT JOINTS AS AN INITIAL OR EARLY SYMPTOM IN TABES DORSALIS
Authors: HENRY LING TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1913)

the vertebrae in which they were situated.The deformity did not occur in the vertebrae held by tho graft, but below that point.I have had other cases that came under the the care of other men.I have had two such cases that cume under the care of one other man, in which the plaster jackets were immediately put on.Fortunately they came back to me.I took off tho jackets and the patients have done well ever since.I do not think that the fact of Dr. Nutt's putting jackets on the patients is a trustworthy reason for considering that the operation is not a good one.Tho operation on these vertebrae is not contrary to any orthopedic law, but in accordance with all orthopedic principles.We feel certain that we can fix the vertebrae and I doubt whether having patients with Pott's disease try to flex their spines will reveal whether three or four vertebrae are fixed together or not, as I have patients with very flexible spines in whom it would be very difficult.Dr. Sayre points out that in many cases the deformity has progressed since the operation, in some cases to where it was before operation.I think some of this deformity is due to a lack of growth of the vertebral bodies on each side of the disease process.One picture shows markedly wedge-shaped vertebrae which apparently were not involved by the process in the diseased vertebrae, producing an atrophy and lack of growth of the vertebrae, as it does in the hip.We put patients with these wodge-shaped vertebrae on a frame so that the bodies came together again.Some of the deformity is due to lack of growth in the piece each side of the kyphosis.It would be.more conclusivo, of course, had we another very excellent treatment to comparo with this treatment.We Seven of the cases here reported suffered practically painless spontaneous fractures before the Charcot joints appeared.These and others have already been reported*
Neurotransmitters in Nociceptive Modulatory Circuits
Authors: H L Fields, M M Heinricher, P Mason
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1991)

Neurotransmitters in Nociceptive Modulatory Circuits, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/neuro/14/1/annurev.ne.14.030191.001251-1.gif
Effect of protein ingestion on urinary dopamine excretion. Evidence for the functional importance of renal decarboxylation of circulating 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in man.
Authors: M Williams, J B Young, R M Rosa, S Gunn, F H Epstein, L Landsberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Since dietary protein increases urinary dopamine (DA) excretion in animals, this study was undertaken to assess the role of DA production in the acute changes in renal function following protein ingestion in man. Excretion of DA, sodium, potassium, water, solute, and creatinine were measured in six normal men in 30-min intervals over 5 h after oral ingestion of protein and/or carbidopa, an inhibitor of DA formation from 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Overall, protein increased urinary DA 50% (P = 0.031) while carbidopa reduced it 70% (P less than 0.0001), although suppression of DA excretion by carbidopa was not uniform over the 5 h of observation. Carbidopa doubled the level of DOPA in venous plasma and greatly magnified the DOPA response to protein. Inhibition of decarboxylase activity reduced excretion of sodium, potassium, solute and water after protein ingestion. These results indicate that extraneuronal DOPA decarboxylation in kidney contributes to acute protein-induced changes in renal function in man and suggest a general role for the decarboxylation of circulating DOPA in the expression of dopaminergic effects on the kidney in vivo.