tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Update in Asthma 2009
Authors: Wendy C. Moore, Rodolfo M. Pascual
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

The emergence of a novel H1N1 influenza virus in early 2009 dominated the headlines and caused much fear worldwide as the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) proclaimed a pandemic (1). The media's preoccupation with the H1N1 epidemic, however, meant less “on-air” time for debates on the safety of asthma medications, a focus of last year's update (2). Ironically, clinical asthma trials this year also shifted away from the usual asthma medications toward the use of alternative “nonasthma” medications to treat comorbidities (3, 4) or as immunomodulators (5) with the goal of improved asthma control (decreased impairment). The importance of asthma exacerbations as a marker of poor asthma control and as a risk factor for poor long-term outcomes was investigated (6). Other studies examined the prediction of and effective treatment of exacerbations (7, 8). Challenges in the treatment of severe asthma were explored (9) and novel monoclonal antibodies were studied (10–12) as potential treatment options for patients with the most severe disease. Articles published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in 2009 advanced our understanding of the influence of genetics (13–20), gene regulation (19, 21–23), factors in early life (24–28), and the environment (24, 29–33) on the development of asthma or the modification of disease severity. Basic pathobiological studies in humans (22, 23, 30, 34–44) and in animals (21, 29, 36, 45–56) added to our understanding of specific mechanisms in different phenotypes of asthma. Overall, a few areas emerge as particular highlights of the year and we focus your attention to the topics below.
Disposal of clinical waste.
Authors: P. T. Mannion, A. M. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Underdiagnosis of personality disorder reflects a to consider the applications, and a shortlist of for advice, although only one general practitioner tendency to concentrate on presenting symptoms, two was drawn up.These two were then seen at admitted to requesting such help.One community ignorance of criteria for making the diagnosis some length by every governor; in my case three psychiatric nurse had received post-basic training and of its impact on the prognosis of coexisting governors met together, seeing each candidate for in clinical psychopharmacology, but most updated conditions, and pessimism about its treatment.about an hour and a half.Extensive references their knowledge from the British National Many patients suffering from personality disorder were acquired by the headhunter; even the services Formulary, pharmaceutical representatives, and have little tolerance of psychic or physical pain, of a graphologist were used.I had previously nursing journals.Seven general practitioners sup- They attempt to deal with such pain or to bolster viewed such people with suspicion: to me they ported prescribing by community psychiatric poor self esteem by adopting various maladaptive smacked of fortune tellers and mumbo jumbo.The nurses i'n principle.Three general practitioners, strategies such as overdose, other self harm, eating graphologist's assessment of the two candidates two community psychiatric nurses, and two psy- disorder, alcohol ordrugmisuse, antisocial activity, was remarkably perceptive, not only mirroring chiatrists disagreed with prescribing by community or promiscuity.almost exactly our own assessment but confound-psychiatric nurses on the grounds that the nurses Patients with personality disorder thus tend to ing one candidate's husband by its accuracy.When lacked knowledge of general medicine and thera- present for help in crisis, often dramatically.As a the interviews were complete the governors met peutics.Two psychiatrists viewed the nurses as result of chilldhood experiences (for example, (about two weeks later) and after some two hours' having a limited role in prescribing.sexual abuse) they mistrust figures in authority, discussion the choice was made.Our study indicated awareness of the changing including doctors and nurses.This mistrust is Of course, the reputation of a school depends on role of community psychiatric nurses among the rooted in a profoundly low self esteem, and illness its head, but so does the reputation of a department nurses themselves, general practitioners, and psy- is perceived as being deserved.Help provided is and a hospital depend on its consultant staff.There chiatrists.Opinion on the issue of prescribing by perceived as not being merited, and therefore has to be a better way of appointing con'sultants nurses remained divided.It could certainly save engagement in and compliance with treatment are than the present system; reform is long overdue, doctors' time and provide rapid titration of drug impaired.
Extending the Horizons of Preventive Medicine
Authors: Fred B. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IN HIS volume<i>Cause and Prevention of Disease</i>, Dr. William Harvey Perkins,<sup>1</sup>25 years ago, emphasized the clinical practice of preventive medicine. He wrote: It is becoming increasingly evident that the preventive point of view will not long hence dominate the approach to medical service,... I have put the whole philosophy of prevention in a single phrase, "To oppose or intercept a cause is to prevent or dissipate its effects." Knowledge of cause and effect in disease inception logically directs the physician to apply preventive measures in the everyday practice of medicine. Preventive medicine is primarily concerned with health problems of the individual, in contrast to public health which pertains to people collectively. It aims to preserve and improve health by the interception or removal of all factors which may exert an adverse influence on individual wellbeing. An opportunity to extend the horizons of preventive medicine is offered to
Seroconversion to Multiple Islet Autoantibodies and Risk of Progression to Diabetes in Children
Authors: Anette G. Ziegler, Marian Rewers, Olli Simell, Tuula Simell, Johanna Lempainen, Andrea Steck, Christiane Winkler, Jorma Ilonen, Riitta Veijola, Mikael Knip, Ezio Bonifacio, George S. Eisenbarth
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Importance-Type 1 diabetes usually has a preclinical phase identified by circulating islet autoantibodies, but the rate of progression to diabetes after seroconversion to islet autoantibodies is uncertain.Objective-To determine the rate of progression to diabetes after islet autoantibody seroconversion.Design, Setting, and Participants-Data were pooled from prospective cohort studies performed in Colorado (recruitment, 1993-2006), Finland (recruitment, 1994-2009), and Germany (recruitment, 1989-2006) examining children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes for the development of insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) autoantibodies, insulinoma antigen 2 (IA2) autoantibodies, and diabetes.Participants were all children recruited and followed up in the 3 studies (Colorado, 1962; Finland, 8597; Germany, 2818).Follow-up assessment in each study was concluded by July 2012.Main Outcomes and Measures-The primary analysis was the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children with 2 or more autoantibodies.The secondary analysis was the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children with 1 autoantibody or no autoantibodies.Results-Progression to type 1 diabetes at 10-year follow-up after islet autoantibody seroconversion in 585 children with multiple islet autoantibodies was 69.7% (95% CI, 65.1%-74.3%),and in 474 children with a single islet autoantibody was 14.5% (95% CI, 10.3%-18.7%).Risk of diabetes in children who had no islet autoantibodies was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.6%)by the age of 15 years.Progression to type 1 diabetes in the children with multiple islet autoantibodies was faster for children who had islet autoantibody seroconversion younger than age 3 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.65 [95% CI, 1.30-2.09;P < .001];10-year risk, 74.9% [95% CI, 69.7%-80.1%])vs children 3 years or older (60.9% [95% CI, 51.5%-70.3%]);for children with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype DR3/DR4-DQ8 (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.09-1.68;P=. 007]; 10-year risk, 76.6% [95% CI, 69.2%-84%]) vs other HLA genotypes (66.2% [95% CI, 60.2%-72.2%]);and for girls (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.04-1.58;P=.02];10-year risk, 74.8% [95% CI, 68.0%-81.6%])vs boys (65.7% [95% CI, 59.3%-72.1%]).Conclusions and Relevance-The majority of children at risk of type 1 diabetes who had multiple islet autoantibody seroconversion progressed to diabetes over the next 15 years.Future prevention studies should focus on this high-risk population.
Rising Incidence of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and nGastric Cardia
Authors: William J. Blot
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Analyses of cancer incidence data from nine areas of the United States revealed steadily rising rates from 1976 to 1987 of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia. The increases among men in this period ranged from 4% to 10% per year, and thus exceeded those of any other type of cancer. In contrast, there were relatively stable trends for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and slight declines for adenocarcinoma of more distal portions of the stomach. Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia disproportionately affected white men and rarely occurred among women. By the mid-1980s, among white men, adenocarcinomas accounted for about one third of all esophageal cancers, while cardia cancers accounted for about one half of all stomach cancers with specified subsites. The rising incidence rates and similar demographic patterns point to the need for investigation into the causes of these poorly understood cancers.
Sustained response to combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C who failed to respond to interferon
Authors: Silvia Fargion, Savino Bruno, Mauro Borzio, Pier Maria Battezzati, Franco Bissoli, Roberto Ceriani, Annarosa Orlandi, Alessandra Maraschi, Alberto Chiesa, Lorenzo Morini, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Andrea Crosignani, Gemino Fiorelli, Mauro Podda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Comparison of CLA with BPT, SPT, and RAST in children with asthma
Authors: J. P. Nielsen, P. Aa. Østergaard, R. I. Harris, P. Gammelby
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Bronchial provocation tests (BPT) with allergen extracts were performed in 82 children with asthma, and the results were compared with the chemiluminescent assay (CLA), the radio‐allergo‐sorbent‐test (RAST) and skin prick test (SPT). It was found that CLA matched BPT with a concordance of 87% (77–93%), RAST with a concordance of 74% (64–83%) and SPT with 80% (70–88%). Most often, CLA and RAST gave similar results, although their classes did not match precisely.
HEREDITY AND HYPERTENSION
Authors: JAMES P. O'HARE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

No one who has had any contact with hypertensive patients can escape the impression that heredity plays an important rôle in the production of high blood pressure. Such an impression is obtained from observing certain families in which an extraordinary number of the individuals comprising them have died of vascular disease. Rosenbloom in 1922<sup>1</sup>reported one such family in which ten of the twelve members had high blood pressure. Raymond<sup>2</sup>reported another in which nine members died of apoplexy. In our clinic we have had several such families. One of them contains nine members who have suffered from vascular disease of one type or another. We have another patient with a coronary infarct in whom heredity seems to offer the only possible etiology. He is 42, has a negative Wassermann reaction, has never worked hard physically or mentally, and is certainly not of the nervous type. His family
Cappuccino, a mouse model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, encodes a novel protein that is part of the pallidin-muted complex (BLOC-1)
Authors: Steven L. Ciciotte, Babette Gwynn, Kengo Moriyama, Marjan Huizing, William A. Gahl, Juan S. Bonifacino, Luanne L. Peters
Journal: Blood (2003)
Convulsions Complicating Colectomy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: James A. Schulak
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Convulsions have complicated the surgical management of life-threatening inflammatory bowel disease in five patients. These patients experienced a transient, generalized convulsive disorder and toxic ambylopia. Results of neurological examination were unremarkable. Treatment included metabolic stabilization along with the administration of oxygen and anticonvulsive medication. Various factors, such as hypoxia, fluid overload, cerebral edema, steroid administration, and deficits in calcium, magnesium, and potassium, may have contributed to the cause of this complication.
Review of Problem Solving in Clinical Medicine
Authors: PAUL CUTLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1985Review of Problem Solving in Clinical MedicinePAUL CUTLER, M.D.PAUL CUTLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-965_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Three consecutive editorials by Barondess (1) on medical education and the GPEP Report (2) suggest excellent remedies for curricular problems. If these prescriptions are filled and compliance is secured, physicians for the 21st century may well meet the needs of their times.Coincidentally, the last editorial by Dr. Barondess appeared in the September issue, the same one in which he reviewed my textbook (3, 4). I am gratified by his kind and favorable comments and pleased to note that many of the philosophies and pedagogic principles set forth in his editorials were embodied in the book. However,...References1. BARONDESS J. The GPEP Report: I. Preparation for medical school; II. Clinical education; III. Faculty involvement [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:138-9, 286-8, 454-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Physicians for the Twenty-First Century: Report of the Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine. Washington, D.C.: Association of American Medical Colleges; 1984. Google Scholar3. BARONDESS J. Problem Solving in Clinical Medicine: From Data to Diagnosis [Book review]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:484-5. LinkGoogle Scholar4. CUTLER P. Problem Solving in Clinical Medicine: From Data to Diagnosis. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1985. Google Scholar5. BARONDESS J. The doctor, the patient, and the system: reflections on education for clinical careers. Perspect Biol Med. 1983;26:261-73. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA 19107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1985Volume 103, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 965-966KeywordsMedical educationProblem solving Issue Published: 1 December 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Changes in the pattern of sensitization to common contact allergens in Denmark between 1985–86 and 1997–98, with a special view to the effect of preventive strategies
Authors: J.duus Johansen, T. Menné, J. Christophersen, K. Kaaber, N. Veien
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract The objective of the present study is to describe any changes in the prevalence of sensitization to common contact allergens in patch-tested patients over a 12-year period. Attention is given to possible effects of preventive strategies introduced in Denmark regarding nickel and chromate sensitization during that period, and particular areas of concern are identified. Members of the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group collected patch-test results from consecutive eczema patients as well as information about exposures and demographic variables over a 6-month period in 1985–86. The investigation was repeated in 1997–98 in the same clinics, at the same time of year, using identical methods and patch-test substances, including nickel sulphate 5%, potassium dichromate 0·5% and fragrance mix 8%. Nickel was the most common contact allergen in both study periods, followed by the fragrance mix. In children 0–18 years of age, the frequency of nickel allergy decreased from 24·8% in the first study period to 9·2% in the second study period (P &amp;lt; 0·0008). Fragrance mix allergy doubled in frequency from 4·1% in 1985–86 to 9·9% in 1997–98, an increase that affected all age groups. Contact allergy to potassium dichromate decreased significantly from 3·0% in the first period to 1·2% in the second period (P = 0·001). The decrease was seen in both sexes and was most pronounced among those of working age. No other significant changes were found in the frequency of sensitization to common allergens over the 12-year observation period.
Monitoring the Response of Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Allows Detection of Patients at Risk of Early Relapse
Authors: Katharina Pachmann, Oumar Camara, Andreas Kavallaris, Sabine Krauspe, Nele Malarski, Mieczyslaw Gajda, Torsten Kroll, Cornelia Jörke, Ulrike Hammer, Annelore Altendorf-Hofmann, Carola Rabenstein, Ulrich Pachmann, Ingo Runnebaum, Klaus Höffken
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To demonstrate that it is possible to monitor the response to adjuvant therapy by repeated analysis of circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs) and to detect patients early who are at risk of relapse.In 91 nonmetastatic primary breast cancer patients, CETCs were quantified using laser scanning cytometry of anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule-stained epithelial cells from whole unseparated blood before and during adjuvant chemotherapy.Numbers of CETCs were analyzed before therapy, before each new cycle, and at the end of chemotherapy. The following three typical patterns of response were observed: (1) decrease in cell numbers (> 10-fold); (2) marginal changes in cell numbers (< 10-fold); and (3) an (sometimes saw-toothed) increase or an initial decrease with subsequent reincrease (> 10-fold) in numbers of CETCs. Twenty relapses (22%) were observed within the accrual time of 40 months, including one of 28 patients from response group 1, five of 30 patients from response group 2, and 14 of 33 patients from response group 3. The difference in relapse-free survival was highly significant for CETC (hazard ratio = 4.407; 95% CI, 1.739 to 9.418; P < .001) between patients with decreasing cell numbers and those with marginal changes and between patients with marginal changes and those with an increase of more than 10-fold (linear Cox regression model).These results show that peripherally circulating tumor cells are influenced by systemic chemotherapy and that an increase (even after initial response to therapy) of 10-fold or more at the end of therapy is a strong predictor of relapse and a surrogate marker for the aggressiveness of the tumor cells.
Tay-Sachs Disease
Authors: Fishel A. Pearlmutter
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Angels rush in where rabbis ought tread delicately. Fred Rosner, MD, (228:829, 1974) suggested that Jews generally share his position of total opposition to abortion, even when amniocentesis indicates Tay-Sachs disease. Dr. Rosner has every right to reject abortion in such instances (though he is not likely to ever carry a baby) and to recommend against it on moral grounds. I have every right to consider his position nonsensical and a traducing, rather than a fulfilling, of the tradition we share. Rabbis of the Reform and Conservative movement share the view I express, along with many of the Orthodox group.
Is routine induction of labour at term ever justified?
Authors: L Cardozo
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Balancing the risks of prolonged gestation against those of induced labour is difficult. Risks to the fetus increase slightly after 42 weeks' gestation but women having labour induced are more likely to have instrumental deliveries or babies with low Apgar scores. Since many women are now expressing a preference for minimal interference in childbirth the most acceptable management of post-term pregnancy seems to be increased fetal surveillance. Each case needs to be considered individually and it is important that the woman is involved in the decision to induce.
Colonic endometriosis or adenoma?
Authors: T K McCullough, P Cohen, T Vlavianos, C J G Sutton, T G Allen-Mersh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Colonic mucosal involvement with endometriosis can result in gastrointestinal bleeding1. The mucosal abnormalities associated with colonic endometriosis may be difficult or impossible to identify at colonoscopy2.
Rationale for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Treatment Protocol for Center-Involved Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Lloyd Paul Aiello, Roy W. Beck, Neil M. Bressler, David J. Browning, K.V. Chalam, Matthew Davis, Frederick L. Ferris, Adam R. Glassman, Raj K. Maturi, Cynthia R. Stockdale, Trexler M. Topping
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Generation of T cells with lytic specificity for atypical antigens. I. A mitochondrial antigen in the rat.
Authors: J D Davies, D H Wilson, E Hermel, K F Lindahl, G W Butcher, D B Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

F1 rats primed with normal parental strain lymphocyte populations and restimulated in culture with parental lymphoblasts generate potent cytotoxic T cell responses to unusual antigen systems. Here we describe in the Lewis (L)/DA anti-DA combination an antigen system most likely of mitochondrial origin with the following properties: it is transmitted maternally from DA strain females, inherited in an extra-chromosomal manner, restricted by class I RT1Aa major histocompatibility complex gene products, extinguished on target cells treated with chloramphenicol, and its pattern of expression in different rat strains correlates with restriction fragment-length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA. Sequence analysis of the rat ND1 gene indicates that the maternally transferred factor in the rat is not a homologue of the maternally transmitted factor responsible for the mitochondrial antigen in mice. In keeping with its inheritance from DA females, this antigen is present on target cells from (DA female x L male)F1 donors and all other F1 combinations derived from DA female parents, but absent from target cells from some F1 combinations (L/DA and Wistar-Furth [WF]/DA) derived from DA strain males. The presence of this antigen in other F1 combinations (Brown Norway [BN]/DA, August 2880 [AUG]/DA, and PVG/DA) indicates that this mitochondrial antigen system is shared by the DA, BN, and PVG strains, but not by the L and WF strains.