tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>DPC4</i> Gene Status of the Primary Carcinoma Correlates With Patterns of Failure in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Baojin Fu, Shinichi Yachida, Mingde Luo, Hisashi Abe, Clark M. Henderson, Felip Vilardell, Zheng Wang, Jesse W. Keller, Priya Banerjee, Joseph M. Herman, John L. Cameron, Charles J. Yeo, Marc K. Halushka, James R. Eshleman, Marian Raben, Alison P. Klein, Ralph H. Hruban, Manuel Hidalgo, Daniel Laheru
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Contrary to the extensive data accumulated regarding pancreatic carcinogenesis, the clinical and molecular features characteristic of advanced stage (stage III and IV) disease are unknown. A comprehensive study of pancreatic cancers from patients who have succumbed to their disease has the potential to greatly expand our understanding of the most lethal stage of this disease and identify novel areas for intervention. Materials and Methods Rapid autopsies were performed on 76 patients with documented pancreatic cancer. The histologic features of end stage disease were determined and correlated to the stage at initial diagnosis, patterns of failure (locally destructive v metastatic disease) and the status of the KRAS2, TP53, and DPC4 genes. Results At autopsy, 30% of patients died with locally destructive pancreatic cancer, and 70% died with widespread metastatic disease. These divergent patterns of failure found at autopsy (locally destructive v metastatic) were unrelated to clinical stage at initial presentation, treatment history, or histopathologic features. However, Dpc4 immunolabeling status of carcinoma tissues harvested at autopsy, a sensitive marker of DPC4 genetic status, was highly correlated with the presence of widespread metastasis but not with locally destructive tumors (P = .007). Conclusion Pancreatic cancers are represented by distinct genetic subtypes with significantly different patterns of failure. Determinations of DPC4 status at initial diagnosis may be of value in stratifying patients into treatment regimens related to local control versus systemic therapy.
Angiocentric cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of childhood (hydroa-like lymphoma): A distinctive type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Mario Magaña, Pastor Sangüeza, Javier Gil-Beristain, Sergio Sánchez-Sosa, Angeles Salgado, Guillermo Ramón, Omar P. Sangüeza
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)
The Influence of Glycemic Control on the Prognosis of Japanese Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Mitsuyoshi Takahara, Hideaki Kaneto, Osamu Iida, Shin-ichi Gorogawa, Naoto Katakami, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Masahiko Ikeda, Iichiro Shimomura
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

To reveal the influence of preoperative factors on the prognosis of patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for critical limb ischemia (CLI).We recruited 278 Japanese patients who underwent PTA for CLI between 2003 and 2009. The outcome measures were mortality and major amputation. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed.The prevalence of diabetes was 71%, and A1C was 7.0 ± 1.4%. The follow-up period was 90 ± 72 weeks, and 48 patients underwent major amputations and 89 died. The presence of diabetes in the whole population and A1C level in the diabetic population had no influence on morality; rather, mortality was associated with age (P = 0.007), impaired activities of daily living (P < 0.001), hemodialysis (P < 0.001), and albumin level (P = 0.010). In contrast, the presence of diabetes and A1C level had significant association with major amputation (P = 0.012 and P = 0.007, respectively). The quartile analysis showed that diabetic subjects with an A1C ≥ 6.8%, but not <6.8%, had a significantly higher risk of major amputation than nondiabetic subjects. The adjusted hazard ratio of diabetes with A1C ≥ 6.8% was 2.907 (95% CI 1.606-5.264) (P < 0.001).Diabetes with poor glycemic control is associated with major amputation, but not mortality, in CLI patients undergoing PTA. Prognostic indicators seem somewhat different between survival and limb salvage in the population.
Impact of Prediabetic Status on Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Osamu Kurihara, Masamichi Takano, Masanori Yamamoto, Akihiro Shirakabe, Nakahisa Kimata, Toru Inami, Nobuaki Kobayashi, Ryo Munakata, Daisuke Murakami, Shigenobu Inami, Kentaro Okamatsu, Takayoshi Ohba, Chikao Ibuki, Noritake Hata, Yoshihiko Seino, Kyoichi Mizuno
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To determine if prediabetes is associated with atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, we evaluated the degree of coronary atherosclerosis in nondiabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic patients by using coronary angioscopy to identify plaque vulnerability based on yellow color intensity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty-seven patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent angioscopic observation of multiple main-trunk coronary arteries. According to the American Diabetes Association guidelines, patients were divided into nondiabetic (n = 16), prediabetic (n = 28), and diabetic (n = 23) groups. Plaque color grade was defined as 1 (light yellow), 2 (yellow), or 3 (intense yellow) based on angioscopic findings. The number of yellow plaques (NYPs) per vessel and maximum yellow grade (MYG) were compared among the groups. RESULTS Mean NYP and MYG differed significantly between the groups (P = 0.01 and P = 0.047, respectively). These indexes were higher in prediabetic than in nondiabetic patients (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively), but similar in prediabetic and diabetic patients (P = 0.44 and P = 0.21, respectively). Diabetes and prediabetes were independent predictors of multiple yellow plaques (NYPs ≥2) in multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR] 10.8 [95% CI 2.09–55.6], P = 0.005; and OR 4.13 [95% CI 1.01–17.0], P = 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Coronary atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability were more advanced in prediabetic than in nondiabetic patients and comparable between prediabetic and diabetic patients. Slight or mild disorders in glucose metabolism, such as prediabetes, could be a risk factor for CAD, as is diabetes itself.
Nutritional deficit in miliary tuberculosis: prognostic value
Authors: D. Aggarwal, P. R. Mohapatra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

Kim et al. 1 have previously shown the prognostic importance of nutritional deficit in the development of acute respiratory failure and further outcome in miliary tuberculosis (MTB). There are a few points that need to be discussed further so that its relevance is properly understood.

Under 4-point Nutritional Risk Score, Kim et al. 1 have used severe lymphocytopenia and hypocholesterolaemia as the parameters of poor nutritional status. …
New cell surface gp70 related to Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus is expressed on Friend virus-induced erythroleukemic spleen cells after elimination of ecotropic Friend virus gp70 in Rfv-3r/s mice.
Authors: W J Britt, J K Collins, B Chesebro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Spleen cells from Rfv-3r/s mice with Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia were analyzed for expression of virus-induced proteins with monoclonal antiviral antibodies and conventional antisera. Leukemic spleen cells, 30-60 d after virus inoculation, expressed decreased amounts of ecotropic Friend murine leukemia helper virus gag- and env-encoded cell surface and intracellular proteins compared with leukemic cells tested 8-10 d after virus inoculation. In contrast, the spleen focus-forming virus-induced protein, gp55, was present on both leukemia cell populations. This difference appeared to be mediated by the humoral antibody response in Rfv-3r/s mice, which could recognize only ecotropic gag and env proteins, and not gp55. A new gp70 molecule cross-reactive with a recombinant Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus was found in large quantities on late leukemic cells. This protein appeared to be derived from a recombinant virus produced during the course of Friend virus infection. The appearance of this new gp70 suggests that recombinant viruses other than spleen focus-forming virus may play a role in Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia.
Erythropoietin and renal function in sickle-cell disease.
Authors: A G Morgan, C A Gruber, G R Serjeant
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The relation between haemoglobin concentration, creatinine clearance, and the serum concentration of erythropoiesis-stimulating factor were assessed in 31 patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease. Haemoglobin concentrations fell significantly with decreasing creatinine clearance (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001) and were positively correlated with the concentration of erythropoiesis-stimulating factor (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001). These observations suggest that erythropoietin concentration is the factor limiting production of red cells in sickle-cell disease with renal insufficiency and have implications for treatment.
Influence of Experimental Edema on Metabolically Determined Blood Flow
Authors: ROBERT ZELIS, GARRETT LEE, DEAN T. MASON
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

To evaluate the effects of edema and elevated tissue pressure on metabolically determined blood flow, forelimb vascular resistance was determined by two techniques. Peak reactive hyperemic blood flow after release of a 5-minute arterial occlusion was bilaterally measured in the brachial arteries of 11 dogs before and after venous congestion of one limb for 4 hours at 70 mm Hg and after infusion of 1,000 ml of 6% Dextran 70. Before determining peak reactive hyperemic blood flow, congestion was released; venous pressure was then similar in both limbs. Congestion reduced peak reactive hyperemic blood flow from 23.9 ± 5.7 (SE) to 16.0 ± 3.6 ml/min 100 g -1 ( P &lt; 0.05). Peak reactive hyperemic blood flow was unchanged in the uncongested control limb (21.2 ± 5.2 to 20.4 ± 4.5 ml/min 100 g -1 , P &gt; 0.5) at the time when it was reduced in the congested limb. Total tissue pressure measured with a needle was greater in the congested limb (9.1 ± 1.7 mm Hg) than it was in the uncongested limb (2.5 ± 1.5 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.01). Likewise, pressure in a chronically implanted perforated capsule was -2.1 ± 2.0 mm Hg in the control limb but was +7.2 ± 1.5 mm Hg ( P &lt; 0.01) in the contralateral limb following congestion. Dextran 70 was infused after venous congestion; this procedure produced peak reactive hyperemic blood flows and tissue pressures which were similar in both limbs. Similarly, minimum vascular resistance following an ischemic stimulus in an isolated, denervated constant-perfused forelimb was increased from 17.7 ± 2.2 to 23.9 ± 1.8 mm Hg/ml min -1 100 g -1 ( P &lt; 0.01) following congestion in five dogs. Brachial arterial sodium content was unchanged in four dogs following 4 hours of congestion. These data suggest that, in the presence of edema, metabolic arteriolar dilation may be impaired.
Estimating Impacts of a Breakfast in the Classroom Program on School Outcomes
Authors: Stephanie Anzman-Frasca, Holly Carmichael Djang, Megan M. Halmo, Peter R. Dolan, Christina D. Economos
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Short-term impacts of breakfast consumption on diet quality and cognitive functioning have been reported, but more evidence is needed to draw causal inferences about long-term impacts of school breakfast on indicators of school engagement and academic achievement.To estimate the impact of a Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) program on School Breakfast Program participation, school attendance, and academic achievement.This quasi-experimental study included a sample of 446 public elementary schools from a large, urban US school district that served predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minority students.A total of 257 schools (57.6%) implemented a BIC program during the 2012-2013 academic year, whereas 189 (42.4%) did not.School- and grade-level data from 2012-2013 and grade-level achievement data from the prior year were collected from school district records across the elementary schools. Hypotheses that a BIC program would improve school breakfast participation at the school level, school attendance at the grade level (kindergarten through sixth grade), and academic achievement at the grade level (second through sixth grades) were tested using propensity score weights to adjust for demographic differences between the BIC and non-BIC schools.The BIC program was linked with increased breakfast participation during the academic year (F10,414=136.90, P<.001), with mean participation rates of 73.7% in the BIC group vs 42.9% in the non-BIC group. The BIC program was also linked with greater overall school attendance rates (95.5% vs 95.3% in the non-BIC group; F1,2772=8.40, P = .004). When performing attendance analyses in the subset of grade levels for which achievement data were available, results were mostly consistent, although there was a group × time interaction (F10,1891=1.94, P=.04) such that differences between least squares means in the BIC vs non-BIC groups did not reach statistical significance at every month. There were no group differences in standardized test performance in math (57.9% in the BIC group vs 57.4% in the non-BIC group; F1,1890=0.41, P=.52) or reading (44.9% in the BIC group vs 44.7% in the non-BIC group; F1,1890=0.15, P=.70).Findings add to the evidence that BIC can increase school breakfast participation substantially and suggest that it has the potential to improve overall school attendance rates. Additional research is needed to explore the generalizability of these findings and the potential impacts on achievement for longer periods and on additional outcomes, such as weight status.
A VALVE TO REGULATE THE DELIVERY OF AIR AND ETHER VAPOR IN ANY PROPORTION
Authors: Frederick L. Gates
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

A valve is described for the control of ether vapor for anesthesia which regulates the mixture of ether vapor from a Woulfe bottle with air in any proportion, without changing the volume or the pressure at which the mixture is delivered. The regulation of the air stream both to and from the ether bottle controls the mixture accurately and is an essential feature of the valve. Except for experimental purposes, it is not considered profitable to determine on an arbitrary scale the tension of the ether vapor obtained, because the depth of the anesthesia should always be judged by the condition of the subject. The valve was devised for the Meltzer-Auer method of intratracheal insufflation, but it is adapted for use wherever a constant mixture of air and ether vapor is desired. Several respiration machines for supplying and interrupting the air stream, using this constant volume valve for the regulation of the ether supply, have been in use in Dr. Meltzer's laboratory for periods up to 2 years, and the simplicity and efficiency of the valve have been thoroughly tested. A description of the complete machine will be published later.
Requests for Vasectomy: Counselling and Consent
Authors: N M Harris, S A V Holmes
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

Bilateral vasectomy is a safe and effective method of male sterilization. In the UK around 23% of couples of reproductive age choose vasectomy as their method of contraception and clinicians who care for and counsel these couples must be aware of their legal and moral responsibilities. Vasectomy is the urological operation that most commonly results in litigation. In counselling several steps are necessary before valid consent can be obtained. The process should encompass the following: An assessment of the patients contraceptive needs and discussion of alternative methods. A general discussion of the surgical technique tailored to the individual. A frank and honest discussion of the risks and specific complications associated with vasectomy. As with any medical intervention only patients of sound mind and capable of understanding these issues are able to give valid consent. This article focuses predominantly on the consent process and risks associated with vasectomy then outlines some additional issues of interest to clinicians involved in management of vasectomy patients. (excerpt)
Cognitive functioning in newly presenting patients with supratentorial intracranial tumors: is there a role for inspection time?
Authors: J. L. Scotland, I. R. Whittle, I. J. Deary
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

Quantifying the extent of cognitive dysfunction in patients with intracranial tumors is important to monitor treatment effects and assess patients' needs. Inspection time, a measure of the efficiency of visual information processing, was evaluated, and its usefulness in patients with intracranial tumors was compared with that of other widely used cognitive tests. Newly presenting inpatients with supratentorial intracranial tumors (n = 118) underwent preoperative assessment using inspection time and a number of other measures of cognitive function, mood, and functional status. The brain tumor cohort was compared with patients admitted for elective spinal surgery (n = 85) and a healthy control group (n = 80). Analysis of covariance was used to compare the performance of the 3 groups. The brain tumor cohort had significantly lower inspection time scores than the spinal surgery group (P = .005) and the healthy volunteer control group (P < .001). The effect size was moderate. There was a large effect size of participant group for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol-Coding, and Verbal Fluency (P = .002). The performance of patients with brain tumors was significantly worse than that of both of the control groups. Inspection time was well-tolerated by patients with intracranial tumors. However, inspection time is neither as easy to perform nor as sensitive as some other measures of cognitive function. Although its lack of any motor speed or coordination requirements, conceptual simplicity, repeatability, and relative lack of learning effect make inspection time a potentially useful tool in clinical neuro-oncology, practical considerations will limit its use.
Human eyelash characterization
Authors: S. Thibaut, E. De Becker, L. Caisey, D. Baras, S. Karatas, O. Jammayrac, P.J. Pisella, B.A. Bernard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Few biological data on human eyelash follicles have been reported in the literature.To characterize eyelash follicle growth, cycle and morphology, and further investigate the biological mechanisms that determine eyelash length, curl and pigmentation, compared with scalp hair follicle.Twenty-nine caucasian female volunteers aged between 26 and 60 years were enrolled in the study to provide eyelashes. Four of these volunteers were followed weekly for 9 months to characterize their eyelash cycle. Eyelash length and time of renewal were measured using a high-resolution camera and image analysis. Immunohistological study of the bulbs were performed on eyelid biopsies from 17 patients requiring block excision for ectropion repair.The calculated durations of anagen phase and complete cycle of the eyelashes were 34 + or - 9 and 90 + or - 5 days, respectively. Eyelash follicle growth rate was quite variable, with an average rate of 0.12 + or - 0.05 mm daily. Eyelash follicle morphology was very close to that of the scalp hair follicle, but some remarkable differences were noticed. For example, the K19-positive epithelial stem cell population was spread all along the follicle and not split into two reservoirs as seen in scalp hair follicles. Some asymmetry was detected in HSPG and CSPG, as well as K38 (formerly Ha8) and K82 (formerly Hb2) distribution, similar to that observed in curly hair. Finally, dopachrome tautomerase was found expressed in eyelash follicle melanocytes, while it was strikingly absent in scalp hair follicle melanocytes.The eyelash is structurally very close to curly hair but some biological processes related to follicle cycle and pigmentation differ markedly.
Effects of branched-chain amino acids on nitrogen metabolism in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Fredrick L. Weber, Brenda S. Bagby, Lucilla Licate, Steven G. Kelsen
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

This study was conducted to determine whether an amino acid solution enriched with branched–chain amino acids altered protein catabolic rates and plasma ammonia in patients with cirrhosis. Nine stable subjects were given two peripheral intravenous infusions: a standard amino acid solution (solution A) and a branched–chain–enriched solution containing 97% more leucine (solution B). Each solution was given for separate 9–day (group 1, n = 6) or 3–day (group 2, n = 3) periods. Amino acid solutions delivered 0.7 gm protein kg -1 day -1 . Diets provided an additional 0.3 gm protein plus maintenance calories. Protein turnover was assessed by a primed continuous infusion of [1– 14 C] leucine in six patients (three patients in group 1 and three patients in group 2). Nitrogen balance and urinary 3–methyl histidine excretion were determined in group 1 patients. Compared with solution A, solution B increased leucine flux and leucine oxidation but had no significant effect on protein synthesis or catabolism based on the plasma specific activity of either leucine or α–ketoisocaproic acid. The additional leucine infused with solution B was quantitatively oxidized. Nitrogen balance did not differ with the two solutions and there was also no difference in the urinary excretion of 3–methyl histidine, suggesting that muscle protein catabolism was unchanged. Plasma ammonia concentration decreased significantly during the infusion of solution B and was associated with a slight fall in plasma glucagon concentration. The results indicated that a branched–chain–enriched amino acid solution did not alter protein synthesis or catabolism although it did lower the plasma ammonia when compared with a standard amino acid formula in stable cirrhotic patients.(HEPATOLOGY 1990;11:942–950.).
Development of tacrolimus-loaded transfersomes for deeper skin penetration enhancement and therapeutic effect improvement in vivo
Authors: Wei Lei, Chuqin Yu, Huaqing Lin, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

The aims of this study were to prepare novel transfersomes (TFs) for tacrolimus to treat atopic dermatitis, and to observe the therapeutic effects on mice atopic dermatitis, as compared to commercial tacrolimus ointment (Protopic®) and liposomes-gel. Different kinds of surfactants—sodium cholate, Tween 80 and Span 80 were investigated to prepare TFs respectively. TFs-Tween 80 was selected as the optimal carrier owing to the best deformability and the highest drug retentions. Entrapment efficiency and diameter were also evaluated. The optimized TFs were further made into gel and in vitro drug release of TFs-gel after 24 h was higher than the commercial ointment. Cumulative drug release from TFs-gel after 12 h in vitro was 37.6%. The optimized TFs-gel illustrated remarkably highest drug skin retentions when compared with liposomes-gel and commercial ointment in vivo skin retention experiments. The amounts of tacrolimus in epidermis and dermis from TFs-gel were 3.8 times and 4.2 times respectively as much as ointment, while liposomes-gel was only 1.7 times and 1.4 times respectively as compared to ointment. Topical application of TFs-gel displayed the best therapeutic effect on mice atopic dermatitis induced by repeated topical application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Thus TFs displayed superior performance and effective skin target for topical delivery of tacrolimus.