tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Diabetes on Restenosis Rates Among Patients Receiving Coronary Angioplasty Stenting
Authors: Jeremy Gilbert, Janet Raboud, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Coronary artery disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Angioplasty has been associated with higher rates of restenosis in patients with diabetes. Numerous studies have been performed to determine whether coronary artery stenting would be useful in decreasing rates of restenosis of coronary vessels in patients with diabetes. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of diabetes on angiographic restenosis in patients undergoing coronary stenting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Six studies were included comprising 6,236 individuals—1,166 with diabetes and 5,070 without. The relationships between restenosis rates and age, the percentage of the study population that was male, and the percentage of the study population receiving insulin therapy were examined. RESULTS—The average restenosis rates among patients with and without diabetes were 36.7 and 25.9%, respectively. Restenosis rates were higher among older populations and populations in which a greater percentage of patients with diabetes were treated with insulin, but they did not vary according to the percentage of men in the studies. The odds ratio of coronary artery restenosis associated with diabetes was 1.61 (95% CI 1.21–2.14, P = 0.004) in univariate logistic regression models, but decreased to 1.30 (0.99–1.70, P = 0.055) after controlling for age in multivariate models, suggesting that the higher restenosis rates found in patients with diabetes can in good part be explained by the older ages of patients with diabetes in these studies. CONCLUSIONS—Although diabetes is a risk factor for restenosis after coronary angioplasty stenting, the apparent effect of diabetes on restenosis rates in the published literature is overstated and was reduced in this meta-analysis by approximately half after adjusting for differences in age.
Proposed New Hospitalization Laws for the Mentally Ill and Mentally Retarded
Authors: A. Louis McGarry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE Special Commission on Mental Health of the Massachusetts Legislature, under the chairmanship of Senator Leslie B. Cutler, recently filed a bill in the Senate (Senate 1129) entitled "An Act Revising the Laws of the Commonwealth Relative to the Admission, Treatment and Release of Patients in Institutions under the Control of the Department of Mental Health, and Related Matters." The bill is a recodification of 75 current sections (they would number 25 under the new code). It is the product of three years of research into the operation of the current laws, largely by the staff of the Law-Medicine Institute . . .
Effects of cell proliferation on the uptake of transferrin-bound iron by human hepatoma cells
Authors: A Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The effects of cellular proliferation on the uptake of transferrin-bound iron (Tf-Fe) and expression of transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) and transferrin receptor-2 (TfR2) were investigated using a human hepatoma (HuH7) cell line stably transfected with TfR1 antisense RNA expression vector to suppress TfR1 expression. At transferrin (Tf) concentrations of 50 nmol/L and 5 micromol/L, when Tf-Fe uptake occurs by the TfR1- and TfR1-independent (NTfR1)-mediated process, respectively, the rate of Fe uptake by proliferating cells was approximately 250% that of stationary cells. The maximum rate of Fe uptake by the TfR1- and NTfR1-mediated process by proliferating cells was increased to 200% and 300% that of stationary cells, respectively. The maximum binding of Tf by both TfR1- and NTfR1-mediated processes by proliferating cells was increased significantly to 160% that of stationary cells. TfR1 and TfR2-alpha protein levels expressed by proliferating cells was observed to be approximately 300% and 200% greater than the stationary cells, respectively. During the proliferating growth phase, expression of TfR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) increased to 300% whereas TfR2-alpha mRNA decreased to 50% that of stationary cells. In conclusion, an increase in Tf-Fe uptake by TfR1-mediated pathway by proliferating cells was associated with increased TfR1 mRNA and protein expression. An increase in Tf-Fe uptake by NTfR1-mediated pathway was correlated with an increase in TfR2-alpha protein expression but not TfR2-alpha mRNA. In conclusion, TfR2-alpha protein is likely to have a role in the mediation of Tf-Fe uptake by the NTfR1 process by HuH7 hepatoma cell in proliferating and stationary stages of growth.
Trimethoprim resistance in Finland after five years' use of plain trimethoprim.
Authors: P Huovinen, P Toivanen
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A total of 1388 urinary bacterial pathogens were tested for resistance to plain trimethoprim after five years' use of this drug for prophylaxis against urinary tract infections. Samples were obtained in Turku, Finland, where use of the drug is much greater than in other parts of Finland. Resistance to trimethoprim (greater than 8 mg/l; agar-dilution method) occurred in 20.3% of strains isolated from outpatients and 39.8% of strains isolated from inpatients. Escherichia coli and Micrococcus showed low incidences of resistance (11% and 13% respectively in ouptatients and 23% and 19% respectively in inpatients); Enterobacter, Streptococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis occupied an intermediate position; and Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella were resistant in 41-76% of cases. Similar incidences of resistance were observed to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, ampicillin, and nitrofurantoin. These findings together with the rare occurrence of side effects and convenient dosage confirm the usefulness of plain trimethoprim for urinary tract infection.
Renal artery stenosis with hypertension and high haematocrit.
Authors: P. Hudgson, J. M. Pearce, W. K. Yeates
Journal: BMJ (1967)

No-loop Gastrectomy-Taylor and yadie BRIISHM TABLE IV.-Investigation of Anaemia Below 80% Haemoglobin Simple iron deficiency 24 cases Vitamin B1 , 8 + iron and felate deficiency .. 1 caseon the supposition that it was necessary to avoid stomal ulcera- tion, but the results suggest that this may not be so.It is probable that the no-loop technique will permit the retention of a greater proportion of the stomach with less disturbance of function afterwards. SummaryThe no-loop technique in partial gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer avoids the liability to postgastrectomy syndromes, reduces the risk of recurrent ulcer, and preserves nutrition by maintaining a measure of physiological digestion in the duodenum.
Vascular Complication of a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portacaval Stent
Authors: JEAN-MARC VILLEMAIRE, MICHEL-PIERRE DUFRESNE, GILLES LEBOUTHILLIER, DANIEL PICARD, JACQUES MORAIS, RAYMONDE CHARTRAND, MICHEL PICARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The percutaneous transjugular intrahepatic portacaval stent shunt is a nonsurgical approach to portosystemic shunting. The case of a large defect seen on a radiocolloid liver-spleen scan is attributed to a hepatic infarct related to the shunting procedure.
Exercise and Asthma
Authors: E.R. McFadden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Exercise is one of many nonpharmacologic and nonimmunologic stimuli that can produce acute episodes of airway obstruction in patients with asthma. Unlike other types of provocations that function only periodically in the lives of patients with the disease, exercise is one of the most common precipitants of acute asthma encountered in clinical practice. Exercise-induced asthma is particularly troubling in children because of their high level of physical activity; it is by no means confined to children, however, and can be readily induced in adults of all ages when they are sufficiently active.The clinical features of exercise-induced asthma are quite . . .
Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of moderate neonatal hypoglycaemia.
Authors: A. Lucas, R. Morley, T. J. Cole
Journal: BMJ (1988)

There has been considerable debate over whether asymptomatic neonatal hypoglycaemia results in neurological damage. In a detailed multicentre study of 661 preterm infants hypoglycaemia was found to be common. Moderate hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose concentration less than 2.6 mmol/l) occurred in 433 of the infants and in 104 was found on three to 30 separate days. There was considerable variation among the centres, implying differences in decisions to intervene. The number of days on which moderate hypoglycaemia occurred was strongly related to reduced mental and motor development scores at 18 months (corrected age), even after adjustment for a wide range of factors known to influence development. When hypoglycaemia was recorded on five or more separate days adjusted mental and motor developmental scores at 18 months (corrected age) were significantly reduced by 14 and 13 points respectively, and the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment (cerebral palsy or developmental delay) was increased by a factor of 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 9.4). These data suggest that, contrary to general belief, moderate hypoglycaemia may have serious neurodevelopmental consequences, and reappraisal of current management is urgently required.
Toll-like Receptors on Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Stimulate Innate Immune System Replenishment
Authors: Yoshinori Nagai, Karla P. Garrett, Shoichiro Ohta, Uleng Bahrun, Taku Kouro, Shizuo Akira, Kiyoshi Takatsu, Paul W. Kincade
Journal: Immunity (2006)
NHS cancer patients denied supportive treatments
Authors: R. Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

More than 70000 cancer patients suffer avoidable pain, fatigue, fractures, and other debilitating side effects every year, according to a report released this week by the Campaign for Effective and Rational Treatment.

The organisation, sponsored by 10 pharmaceutical companies, was established in 1996 in response to clinicians' concerns about patients' unequal access to some NHS treatments. It has previously lobbied for improved access to combination drugs for HIV and for nicotine replacement treatments to be free.

Earlier this year it …
Fever in Critical Neurologic Illness
Authors: Paul M. Vespa
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rapid dephosphorylation of the renal sodium chloride cotransporter in response to oral potassium intake in mice
Authors: Mads V. Sorensen, Solveig Grossmann, Marian Roesinger, Nikolay Gresko, Abhijeet P. Todkar, Gery Barmettler, Urs Ziegler, Alex Odermatt, Dominique Loffing-Cueni, Johannes Loffing
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Calcification of the Intervertebral Disks
Authors: M. Albert
Journal: BMJ (1942)

The work of Schmorl and of Alajouanine and Petit- Dutaillis round about 1930 drew the attention of clinicians and pathologists to the frequency of lesions of the inter- vertebral disks.This stimulation of interest has, as usual, brought its reward in increased knowledge.The founda- tion of the modern conception of these lesions is the patho- logical anatomy described by Schmorl.According to his description (Fig. 1) the intervertebral disk consists of:
Open Heart Surgery in Patients With Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathy
Authors: Sajjad M. Yousafzai, Murat Ugurlucan, Omar A. Al Radhwan, Amal L. Al Otaibi, Charles C. Canver
Journal: Circulation (2009)

In patients with sickle cell trait or disease, reduced life expectancy and a tendency for complications are believed to negatively affect likelihood of survival after open heart surgery. The aim of this study was to review retrospectively the perioperative results of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our institution.Between January 1995 and December 2006, 47 patients with either sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait underwent open heart surgery at our institution. The average age of the 29 male and 18 female patients was 20 years. Patient outcomes were analyzed through the use of the institutional database. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was complete in all patients except 3, with a mean follow-up period of 46 months. Current status could be confirmed in 32 patients. The most common operations included the treatment of congenital and valvular heart diseases. There were no coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Average weight of the patients was 45 kg. Exchange transfusion was performed both preoperatively and during surgery. Mean preoperative hemoglobin S concentration was 30.4 + or - 3.2% and decreased to 8.1 + or - 2.6% while on pump. Average on-pump hematocrit value was 25.4 + or - 3.7%; in the postoperative period, it increased to 32.7 + or - 4.9%. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were 95 and 69 minutes, respectively. None of the patients had sickling crisis or acidosis. Postoperative complications included exploration for hemorrhage in 3 patients (6.4%), stroke in 2 patients (4.3%), renal failure in 2 patients (4.3%), and prolonged ventilation in 1 patient (2.1%). Average hospital stay was 8.3 days (range, 4 to 27 days). Early in-hospital death occurred in 1 patient (2.1%); currently, 31 patients (66%) remain alive and free of cardiac symptoms.Heart valve surgery and surgery for congenital heart diseases can be performed safely in patients with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait with acceptable outcome and survival rates.
Eosinophils Promote Generation and Maintenance of Immunoglobulin-A-Expressing Plasma Cells and Contribute to Gut Immune Homeostasis
Authors: Van Trung Chu, Alexander Beller, Sebastian Rausch, Julia Strandmark, Michael Zänker, Olga Arbach, Andrey Kruglov, Claudia Berek
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Binding and Uptake of Transcobalamin II by Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Pamela Youngdahl-Turner, Leon E. Rosenberg, Robert H. Allen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

We have used purified, 125I-labeled human transcobalamin II (TC II), saturated with cobalamin (Cbl), to study the uptake process for the TC II-Cbl complex by intact normal cultured human skin fibroblasts. We have also investigated the possibility that a defect in one step of this process underlies that inborn error of Cbl metabolism—designated cbl C—in which mutant cells are unable to retain Cbl intracellularly or convert it to its coenzyme forms. TC II-Cbl binding at 4°C reached a plateau after 3-4 hr; 95% of the bound 125I was releasable with trypsin. Binding of TC II-Cbl at 4°C could be inhibited by human and rabbit TC II-Cbl and human TC II devoid of Cbl but not by other Cbl-binding proteins, albumin, or free Cbl. Specific binding reached saturation at ≅5 ng TC II/ml (0.13 nM) and could be inhibited by ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N′,N′- tetraacetic acid. At 37°C, the TC II-Cbl complex was internalized as shown by a progressive decrease in the trypsin-releasable fraction of bound 125I. After 2 h at 37°C, increasing amounts of acid-soluble 125I were found in the incubation medium indicating that the labeled TC II was being degraded. Chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal proteolysis, prevented this degradation. The binding, internalization, and degradation of TC II-Cbl by cbl C cells was indistingusihable from that by control cells. Our studies provide additional support for the concepts: (a) that the TC II-Cbl complex binds to a specific cell surface receptor through a site on the TC II; (b) that the interaction between the receptor and TC II is calcium dependent; (c) that the TC II-Cbl is internalized via endocytosis; (d) that the degradation of TC II and release of Cbl from the complex occurs in lysosomes. We also conclude that the defect in cbl C must reside at some step beyond this receptor-mediated uptake process.
P223a Increasing the quality of COPD case finding, diagnosis and management through a primary care financial incentive scheme in inner London
Authors: M. C. Contreras, J. Billett, L. Restrick, K. Sennett, C. Cooper, M. Stern
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> COPD is a major cause of mortality/morbidity in high smoking prevalence Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). Our PCT expected COPD prevalence (3.7%) is therefore high but recorded prevalence (2009/2010) was 1.4%, suggesting large numbers of undiagnosed patients. COPD, as the 2nd commonest cause of emergency admission locally, is one of the most costly diseases for secondary care. Local research (Bastin <i>et al</i>, 20101) shows that, while most patients admitted for the first time with acute exacerbations of COPD have severe disease, there is no prior diagnosis in ∼1/3 cases. A COPD Local Enhanced Service (LES) was developed, to incentivise practices to proactively identify, diagnose and manage COPD patients using evidence-based interventions. <h3>Methods</h3> All GP practices in were invited to participate in the COPD LES. Key elements included number of case finding spirometries performed in smokers/ex-smokers =35 y, and provision of interventions (pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) referral, self-management, oxygen auditing) with regular reviews/assessments. Primary outcomes were the number of new COPD diagnoses, a change in the gap between recorded and estimated COPD prevalence and number of non-elective hospital admissions. Data were extracted from the PCT GP dataset, QMAS (diagnosed prevalence), APHO COPD-prevalence model (expected prevalence) and Secondary Users Services (hospital admission data). <h3>Results</h3> 37/38 (97%) GP practices signed up to provide the LES. Between April 2010 and May 2011, 1807 case finding spirometries were performed resulting in an estimated 477 new COPD diagnoses, significantly reducing the undiagnosed COPD prevalence by 0.2% (p&lt;0.05). Compared to the same period in 2009, referrals to PR increased from 78 to 119 (52%) in the first 6/12. Audits of oxygen therapy identified ongoing unnecessary payment in 52 patients (47 died/moved, five patients no longer required oxygen). Twenty-nine patients on LTOT had not been reviewed and were subsequently referred. The LES impact on the rate of emergency admissions for COPD remains unclear. <h3>Conclusions</h3> One year evaluation demonstrates the COPD-LES is an effective strategy to improve case finding and diagnosis of COPD, improve PR referrals and rationalise oxygen prescribing. Ongoing audit of COPD emergency admissions will determine whether the LES achieves its objective.
DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY AND LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER PRIMARY PCI: THE HORIZONS-AMI TRIAL
Authors: Georgios J. Vlachojannis, Roxana Mehran, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giulio Guagliumi, Jan Z. Peruga, Bruce Brodie, Martin Fahy, Ran Kornowski, Bernard Gersh, Helen Parise, George Dangas, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
<b> <i>In Vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b> Characterization of Doxorubicin and Vincristine Coencapsulated within Liposomes through Use of Transition Metal Ion Complexation and pH Gradient Loading
Authors: Sheela A. Abraham, Cheryl McKenzie, Dana Masin, Rebecca Ng, Troy O. Harasym, Lawrence D. Mayer, Marcel B. Bally
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: There is an opportunity to augment the therapeutic potential of drug combinations through use of drug delivery technology. This report summarizes data obtained using a novel liposomal formulation with coencapsulated doxorubicin and vincristine. The rationale for selecting these drugs is due in part to the fact that liposomal formulations of doxorubicin and vincristine are being separately evaluated as components of drug combinations. Experimental Design: Doxorubicin and vincristine were coencapsulated into liposomes using two distinct methods of drug loading. A manganese-based drug loading procedure, which relies on drug complexation with a transition metal, was used to encapsulate doxorubicin. Subsequently the ionophore A23187 was added to induce formation of a pH gradient, which promoted vincristine encapsulation. Results: Plasma elimination studies in mice indicated that the drug:drug ratio before injection [4:1 doxorubicin:vincristine (wt:wt ratio)] changed to 20:1 at the 24-h time point, indicative of more rapid release of vincristine from the liposomes than doxorubicin. Efficacy studies completed in MDA MB-435/LCC6 tumor-bearing mice suggested that at the maximum tolerated dose, the coencapsulated formulation was therapeutically no better than liposomal vincristine. This result was explained in part by in vitro cytotoxicity studies evaluating doxorubicin and vincristine combinations analyzed using the Chou and Talalay median effect principle. These data clearly indicated that simultaneous addition of vincristine and doxorubicin resulted in pronounced antagonism. Conclusion: These results emphasize that in vitro drug combination screens can be used to predict whether a coformulated drug combination will act in an antagonistic or synergistic manner.
Huntington's Chorea
Authors: Thomas L. Perry, Shirley Hansen, Marlene Kloster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Amino acids and related compounds were measured in various regions of brain obtained at autopsy from eight neurologically normal persons, one patient with Parkinson's disease, and eight patients with Huntington's chorea. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocarnosine, a related dipeptide, were reduced in the substantia nlgra, putamen-globus-pallidus, and caudate nucleus of the choreic patients, as compared to the normal subjects and the patient with Parkinsonism. Glycerophosphoethanolamine concentration was elevated in these three regions of choreic brain. Deficiency of γ-aminobutyric acid, a possible inhibitory synaptic transmitter in brain, might produce the symptoms characteristic of Huntington's chorea. Such a deficiency could result from reduced activity of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, or might reflect a decrease in the number of neurons that normally utilize γ-aminobutyric acid as a transmitter.