tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicide by Patient: Criminal Charge Against Physician
Authors: Ben Barker
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  A a resident in psychiatry at Camarillo State Hospital on May 13, 1976, I admitted six acutely disturbed patients shortly after midnight. Among them was a depressed man with suicidal ideation who was found dead approximately six hours later, his body suspended from a metal shower curtain rod by his own belt.  The Ventura County Grand Jury included this case in their investigation of so-called suspicious deaths over the preceding three years at Camarillo, and on the Friday morning of December 17, 1976, I was indicted. The charges were for violation of California penal code No. 361, a misdemeanor offense pertaining to neglectful treatment of insane persons.  That same morning, I went through a booking procedure at the Ventura County Jail. This involved approximately three hours in a locked holding tank and included a thorough search by deputies of my person, the temporary surrender of my belt,
Allergic Diseases of Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Richard W. Newcomb
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Since 1976, six volumes on allergy have appeared on the market; here is the seventh. All have been similar in that their editors tried to include comprehensive reviews of the relevant basic sciences and detailed discussions of clinical subjects, and drew contributions from a wide but overlapping field of authorities. There is scarcely a topic that has not been dealt with successfully in one or another of these books, despite the fact that the scope of the term "allergy" is excessively broad and ill defined. Until now, however, none of these volumes was directed at the physician who cares for children, as this book is. The editors correctly perceived the need for a reference work on pediatric allergy and assembled a field of 88 contributors, many of whom are pediatricians. In 67 chapters, the book covers a large number of subjects related to allergy and pediatrics, from immunogenetics, food allergy,
Recent Observations on Urine-Testing
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1887)

in any other way.Now, when such a man as Dr. T. A. Emmet could say that for a year he had seen in hiis large practice only one case of disease of the tubes, and that the patient retused to be operated upon, and got well in a few months, it seemed very strange for him (the speaker) to say that he found from twenty to thirty cases every year.He would explain this by saying that Dr. Emmet and he dif.fered in their views as to the pathological conditions to be found in the pelvis of the same woman ; and the reason he got so many cases was not that he fouud them all in his own private practice, but that cases were sent to him by other physiciaus.He could not go so far as Dr. Gordon in operating on cases for subjective symptoms alone.In all his cases, except five or six, he could make out by a local examiination that the appendages were diseased.Dr. DAvIEs said that the removal of ovaries for the cure of various neuratic conditions gave no help.He had seeln them removed in two cases for the cure ot epilepsv (not in Dr. Imlach's practice) without benefit.With regard to the tubes, their pathology should be studied in the fresh state, as, after preserving in spirit, etc., no adequate idea could be formed of their former condition.He believed that there was no possible means of treating these diseases except by operation.Dr. H. P. C. WILSON (Baltimore) held that the operation was a
Circulating tumor cells in operable breast cancer: a pilot study.
Authors: MT Sandri, L Zorzino, E Munzone, C Cassatella, A Luini, F Bassi, M Salvatici, E Botteri, N Rotmensz, A Esposito, L Adamoli, A Goldhirsch, F Nolè
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5028 Background. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood are an ideal source for the detection of disseminated tumor cells because of an easy sampling procedure. Their prognostic significance has been demonstrated in metastatic breast cancer, while little data exist in operable patients. Aims of this study are the evaluation of the prevalence and kinetics of CTCs before and after surgical treatment and the possible correlation between CTCs and clinico-pathological characteristics and biological features. Methods. We analyzed 30 ml of peripheral blood from 60 T1-T3, any N, M0 breast cancer pts, before surgery and after 5 days. In case of positivity of one of the perioperative samples, a further sample was taken after 30 days. The presence of CTCs was assessed with the CellSearch System (Veridex, USA). Samples were subjected to immunomagnetic enrichment with an anti-Epcam-antibody: CTCs were defined as nucleated cells expressing cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19 but lacking CD45. A sample was considered positive when 1 or more cells were detected. Results. Data are available for 50 pts. We found ≥1 CTC in 28% of the pts (n=14/50) before surgery, and in 29% of the patients (n= 12/42 ) at 5 days. The median number of CTCs was 1, with a range of 1-3. We found a borderline significant association between the presence of CTCs at baseline and the presence of vascular invasion (p=0.09). The presence of CTCs at baseline did not correlate with tumor size (p=0.66), grading (p=0.88), presence of estrogens receptor (p=0.30), presence of progesteron receptor (p=0.30), HER2/neu status of the tumor (p=1.0), or with the presence of lymph node metastases (p=0.71). In 42 pts we have the data of CTCs determined at baseline and at day 5: 27 patients showed concordant results (23 negative and 4 positive). Among the 15 patients with different results, 8 were negative at baseline and positive at day 5: 6 out of the 8 patients had positive nodes. At day 30 we analyzed samples from 18 subjects: persistence of at least 1 CTC was found in 18 % of patients (n=5). Conclusions. The results of this explorative study are very preliminary and a larger number of patients and a long-term follow-up will be required. However, it is of interest the borderline correlation between presence of CTCs at baseline and vascular invasion, and between appearance of CTCs and nodal involvement in postoperative samples. The study is ongoing and the patients will be followed during and after adjuvant treatment to explore the prognostic significance of persistency of CTCs. Complete data will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5028.
Equivalent Bioavailability From Digoxin Elixir and Rapid-Dissolution Tablets
Authors: David J. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Eight healthy men each received five different oral digoxin (Lanoxin) preparations in single-dose multicrossover studies. Preparations used were digoxin elixir, two tablets with rapid in vitro dissolution, and two slow-dissolution tablets. Bioavailability was determined from area under the eighthour serum concentration curve and six-day cumulative urinary excretion of digoxin. There was no significant difference in bioavailability among elixir and rapid-dissolution tablets. Slow-dissolution tablets were less bioavailable than the other three preparations. Rapid-dissolution tablets and liquid preparations of digoxin can be used interchangeably in most clinical situations. (<i>JAMA</i>229:1774-1776, 1974)
High-daily induction dose of interferon in combination with ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) non responder patients: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: V. Leroy, N. Dutertre, A. Tran, S. Naveau, A. Abergel, J.P. Bronwicki, M. Bourliere, A. Plages, V. Roman, J.P. Zarski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Cardiovascular side effects of inhaled salbutamol in hypoxic asthmatic patients
Authors: J Burggraaf
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists have been associated with sudden death in asthma patients but the cause and underlying mechanism are unclear. Animal experiments indicate that the combination of hypoxia and beta2 agonists may result in detrimental cardiovascular effects. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the systemic vascular effects of salbutamol in patients with asthma who are hypoxic by assessing forearm blood flow (FBF) as a measure of peripheral vasodilatation.Eight men with mild asthma underwent the following treatments: normoxia + placebo (NP), normoxia + salbutamol (NS), hypoxia + placebo (HP), and hypoxia + salbutamol (HS). The period of mask breathing started at t=0 minutes, lasted for 60 minutes, and at 30 minutes 800 microg salbutamol was inhaled. The experiment was completed 30 minutes after the inhalation (t=60 minutes). For the hypoxia treatment the SpO2 level was 82%. Differences between treatments were sought using factorial ANOVA on percentage change from the pretreatment value.There were no significant differences in blood pressure and potassium levels between the treatments. After 60 minutes the increase in FBF was 13% (95% CI -12 to 39) more for HP treatment than for NP, 21% (95% CI -5 to 46) more for NS than for NP, and 32% (95% CI 7 to 58) more for HS than for HP (p=0.016). The inhalation of salbutamol during hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in FBF of 45% (95% CI 20 to 71) compared with NP (p=0.001).Patients with asthma who are hypoxic and inhale beta2 agonists have serious systemic vascular side effects which may be an additional explanation for the association between asthma treatment and sudden death.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION
Authors: Charles J. Sherr, Jonathan W. Uhr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Cells from an established line of Burkitt's lymphoma (Daudi) and a mouse myeloma (P(3)K) were pulse-labeled in vitro with (3)H-leucine, and immunoglobulin was immunologically precipitated from cell lysates and secretions. In contrast to P(3)K cells, Daudi cells synthesize a small amount of Ig which is not secreted. Subcellular fractionation experiments indicated that Ig of Daudi cells is synthesized on membrane-bound polyribosomes and enters the cisternae of the microsomes. Ig in the microsomes could be labeled with either (3)H-galactose or (3)H-fucose suggesting that transport proceeds to the Golgi complex. Additional evidence indicates that Ig molecules are transported to the plasma membrane but are not cleaved from the cell surface. These results together with other studies of Burkitt lymphoma cells suggest that the Daudi line may represent a clone of neoplastic cells derived from normal lymphocytes which synthesize but do not secrete Ig. Similarities between lymphoma cells and antigen-binding cells are discussed.
Helium in Respiratory Therapy
Authors: Ivan E. Cushing
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  A misconception about helium in one of the answers on the use of helium in respiratory therapy (238:1957, 1977) has also been widely distributed for many years by a commercial source. This misconception is a minor point, but it is perhaps useful to set the record straight.  Once a nebulized mist has been generated, use of helium has no adverse effect on the mist. Particles of respirable size move through a gas slowly, under the influence of inertia and gravity, so that the flow of gas past the particles is laminar. Viscosity of the gas rather than density is the important consideration. (In contrast, larger particles such as rain drops move at higher velocities so that the flow past the particles is turbulent and density is controlling.)  Helium probably improves penetration of mist into the lower respiratory tract. It tends to produce less turbulence in the upper
Hepatitis B e antigen as a predictor for hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with peginterferon alfa-2a therapy
Authors: En-Qiang Chen, Hong Tang
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

To evaluate the usefulness of quantitative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) values for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a, Fried et al.1 analyzed 271 patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) who were HBeAg-positive and who received peginterferon alfa-2a plus oral placebo for 48 weeks, and found that quantitative HBeAg is a useful adjunct measurement for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in patients treated with peginterferon when considering both sensitivity and specificity compared with serum HBV DNA. As we know, HBeAg and HBV DNA are not independent variables, so when we used the level of HBeAg at week 12 or 24 to predict the rate of HBeAg seroconversion at week 72, the level of HBV DNA for those patients should be analyzed. For example, were the levels of HBV DNA similar between patients with different levels of HBeAg (<10 Paul Ehrlich Institute unit [PEIU]/mL, 10-100 PEIU/mL, and >100 PEIU/mL)? If not, the conclusions obtained from this study should be verified further. In addition, the author described that HBV DNA was measured using in vitro nucleic acid amplification using the Cobas Amplicor HBV Monitor, with a working range of 400 (lower limit of detection) to 40,000,000 copies/mL, but in Fig. 3B of the result, it was showed the level of HBV DNA was divided into three grades (<5log10, 5-9 log10, and >9 log10). We hope the authors could clarify this issue. En-Qiang Chen M.D.*, Hong Tang M.D.*, * Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Down-regulation of the ERK1 and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinases using antisense oligonucleotides inhibits intimal hyperplasia in a porcine model of coronary balloon angioplasty
Authors: B. Liu, M. Fisher, P. Groves
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Neointimal hyperplasia is a central feature in the pathogenesis of a variety of vascular pathologies. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are involved in the downstream transduction of signals from receptors for many of the molecules known to be instrumental in this process and thus represent a potential target for the modification of the proliferative response. We examined the hypothesis that down-regulation of MAPK would inhibit neointima formation in a porcine coronary injury model. Methods: Balloon angioplasty was performed on 38 coronary arteries from 23 large white pigs. Antisense oligonucleotides to the p42 and p44 MAPK were locally delivered to the site of injury immediately after balloon injury. At 7 or 21 days, arteries were harvested for morphometry, determination of cell proliferation and assessment of MAPK protein levels. Results: At 7 days, neointima formation was significantly reduced compared to controls (corrected intima/media ratio (IMR) 1.01±0.13 vs. 1.61±0.07, P<0.01) and this was associated with a 58% and 23% down-regulation of p42 and p44 protein levels, respectively. Intimal and medial proliferation rates were also reduced by 32% and 26%, respectively. At 21 days however, the effect of the treatment on MAPK protein levels was no longer significant and this correlated with a loss of the effects on IMR and cell proliferation. Conclusions: Down-regulation of MAPK inhibits early smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and neointimal thickening in response to arterial injury, implying that it plays an important role in determining the early vascular response to injury. Inhibitory effects were less apparent at 21 days after a single delivery of oligonucleotide, implying that more sustained local delivery may be required to achieve longer term therapeutic benefit.
Exposure to Lead from the Mystic River Bridge: The Dilemma of Deleading
Authors: Philip J. Landrigan, Edward L. Baker, Jay S. Himmelstein, Gary F. Stein, Joel P. Weddig, Wesley E. Straub
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

City dwellers in the United States are at risk of exposure to lead from numerous sources, including lead-based house paint,1 employment in trades using lead,2 airborne lead from automotive and industrial emissions,3 contaminated food4 and drinking water,5 house dust,6 soil,7 and occasionally, pottery glazes.8 Exposure from each of these sources is additive, and increased absorption of lead from any source reduces the already narrow margin between present-day background exposure and lead toxicity.9 Another, less well-recognized source of urban exposure to lead is the exterior paint applied to steel structures such as bridges, expressways, and elevated railways.10 , 11 Unlike interior paint, which . . .
Nasal nitric oxide in man
Authors: J O N Lundberg, E Weitzberg
Journal: Thorax (1999)

The past decade has witnessed an explosion in the interest of biologists in the gas nitric oxide (NO). This highly reactive free radical, first considered only a noxious air pollutant, is produced in mammalian cells by specific enzymes and is believed to play a vital role in many biological events including regulation of blood flow, platelet function, immunity, and neurotransmission.1 2Direct measurement of NO in biological tissues is difficult to perform because this gas reacts rapidly with, for example, haemoglobin or other Fe2+-containing proteins. It is therefore often necessary to rely on indirect measurements in order to detect NO synthesis in vivo. Unlike the situation in most biological tissues where NO is rapidly destroyed, in the gas phase NO is fairly stable at low concentrations.3 NO produced in superficial structures of hollow organs will diffuse into the lumen and thus be detectable in gas collected from such organs.

The presence of NO in exhaled breath of humans was first demonstrated by Gustafsson et al in 1991.4Later studies clearly showed that, in healthy controls at rest, almost all NO found in exhaled air originates from the upper airways with only a minor contribution from the lower respiratory tract and the lungs.5-7 

The exact origin of the NO found in nasal air and the relative contribution from different sources within the nasal airways are not known. There are, however, some indications that favour the paranasal sinuses rather than the mucosa of the nasal cavity as a major source of nasal NO in adult healthy humans.8 Firstly, NO release in the sinuses is markedly reduced by intrasinus instillation of an NO synthase inhibitor (l-NAME) whereas nasal NO concentrations are only slightly reduced following intranasal administration of this inhibitor.9 Secondly, immunohistochemical and in …
Using Interaction Graphs for Analysing the Therapy Process
Authors: S. Feiler, K.G. Müller, A. Müller, R. Dahlhaus, W. Eich
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Therapy processes are complex dynamical systems where several variables are constantly interacting with each other. In general, the underlying mechanisms are difficult to assess. Our approach is to identify the dependency structure of relevant variables within the therapy process using interaction graphs. These are instruments for multivariate time series which are based on the analysis of partial spectral coherences. We used interaction graphs in order to investigate the therapy process of a multimodal therapy concept for fibromyalgia patients. Our main hypothesis was that self-efficacy plays a central role in the therapy process. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Patients kept an electronic diary for 13 weeks. Pain intensity, depression, sleep quality, anxiety and self-efficacy were assessed via visual analogue scales. The resulting multivariate time series were aggregated over individuals, and partial spectral coherences between each pair of the variables were calculated. From the partial coherences, interaction graphs were plotted. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Within the resulting graphical model, self-efficacy was strongly related to pain intensity, depression and sleep quality. All other relations were substantially weaker. There was no direct relationship between pain intensity and sleep quality. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The relations between two variables within the therapy process are mainly induced by self-efficacy. Interaction graphs can be used to pool time series data of several patients and thus to assess the common underlying dependency structure of a group of patients. The graphical representation is easily comprehensible and allows to distinguish between direct and indirect relationships.
Etv1 Inactivation Reveals Proprioceptor Subclasses that Reflect the Level of NT3 Expression in Muscle Targets
Authors: Joriene C. de Nooij, Staceyann Doobar, Thomas M. Jessell
Journal: Neuron (2013)

The organization of spinal reflex circuits relies on the specification of distinct classes of proprioceptive sensory neurons (pSN), but the factors that drive such diversity remain unclear. We report here that pSNs supplying distinct skeletal muscles differ in their dependence on the ETS transcription factor Etv1 for their survival and differentiation. The status of Etv1-dependence is linked to the location of proprioceptor muscle targets: pSNs innervating hypaxial and axial muscles depend critically on Etv1 for survival, whereas those innervating certain limb muscles are resistant to Etv1 inactivation. The level of NT3 expression in individual muscles correlates with Etv1-dependence and the loss of pSNs triggered by Etv1 inactivation can be prevented by elevating the level of muscle-derived NT3-revealing a TrkC-activated Etv1-bypass pathway. Our findings support a model in which the specification of aspects of pSN subtype character is controlled by variation in the level of muscle NT3 expression and signaling.
Serum Thymidine Kinase Activity Compared with CA 15-3 in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer as Part of a Prospective and Randomized Study
Authors: J. Bjöhle, J. Bergqvist, S. Gronowitz, H. Johansson, J. Bergh, T. Hatschek
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Evaluation of Intrahepatic I-131 Ethiodol on a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: CHAN H. PARK, JUNG H. SUH, H S YOO, J T LEE, D I KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

This study assesses the therapeutic efficacy of radiolabeled iodized oil on a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An iodized oil, such as Lipiodol or Ethiodol (Savage Laboratories, Melville, NY), was retained selectively in the tumor vessels of large tumors as well as in the daughter tumors of HCC for long periods of time following intra-arterial injection into the hepatic artery proper. A small fraction of the stable iodine (1 pg of I-127) of the 37% iodine by weight in Ethiodol was replaced by the I-131 with 100% efficiency. A patient with HCC was injected with I-131 Ethiodol into the hepatic artery. Sequential imaging of organs such as the liver, lung, stomach, and thyroid over an eight-day period demonstrated a high tumor-to-normal-liver ratio and a negligible amount of radioactivity in these organs. These findings indicate that I-131 Ethiodol, or Ethiodol labeled with other pure beta emitters, such as Y-90 or P-32, will be effective delivering a high internal radiation dose to HCC with a small radiation effect to normal tissues. To evaluate its potential as a radiotherapeutic agent for HCC, the kinetics, biodistribution, determination of absolute activity in the tumor following intra-arterial injection of I-131 Ethiodol will be studied in the future. At the same time, an effort will be made to label Ethiodol with Y-90 and P-32.
Familial Patterns in Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: CAROLINE BEDELL THOMAS
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The family histories of Johns Hopkins medical students were studied in detail and independent evaluations were made of the prevalences of hypertension and of Coronary heart disease among the students' parents and grandparents. The hereditary factors in hypertension and coronary heart disease were studied and some interesting patterns of differences in sex inheritance became apparent that need further investigation.