tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Enalapril on Ventricular Remodeling and Function During Healing After Anterior Myocardial Infarction in the Dog
Authors: Bodh I. Jugdutt, Mohammad I. Khan, S. Joanne Jugdutt, Gordon E. Blinston
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction involves changes in ventricular size, shape, structure, and matrix that impact on function. Prolonged angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition after infarction with captopril reduces ventricular enlargement and improves clinical outcome, but whether enalapril produces similar benefits is controversial. Methods and Results The effect of enalapril during healing between 1 day and 6 weeks after myocardial infarction on in vivo changes in ventricular size, shape, mass, and function (asynergy, or akinesis and dyskinesis, and ejection fraction), as determined by serial two-dimensional echocardiography, hemodynamics, postmortem topography (planimetered short- and long-axis ventricular contours), and collagen content (determined by levels of hydroxyproline, a marker for collagen), was measured in 25 instrumented dogs. The dogs were randomized 1 day after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to a control group (no treatment) and a group receiving oral enalapril (2.5 mg BID). Compared with no treatment, enalapril produced a sustained lowering of left atrial pressure but no difference in heart rate and mean blood pressure over the 6 weeks. Also compared with no treatment, enalapril modified in vivo remodeling parameters between 1 day and 6 weeks, with less elongation of the asynergy-containing segment, a lower expansion index (ratio of endocardial lengths of infarct to non–infarct-containing segments demarcated by papillary muscle landmarks), less scar wall thinning, a lower thinning ratio (ratio of average thickness of infarcted wall to average thickness of the normal wall), smaller ventricular volume, less regional bulging and aneurysm frequency, prevention of the increase in ventricular mass, less total extent of asynergy, and higher volume ejection fraction. At postmortem examination, scar mass was similar in the two groups, but topographic maps with enalapril revealed less infarct bulging, flatter infarct scars, and less noninfarct wall thickness. In addition, postmortem collagen content was similar in noninfarct zones of the two groups but lower in infarct zones of the dogs given enalapril. Conclusions Prolonged enalapril therapy, in a dose that did not lower blood pressure, during healing after anterior infarction produced prolonged reduction of left ventricular preload in dogs. This diastolic unloading was associated with limitation of remodeling parameters (infarct expansion and thinning, progressive ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, and regional bulging), less total asynergy, and improved left ventricular ejection fraction. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition was associated with lower collagen content in the infarct area and altered scar topography, these effects did not impact negatively on overall remodeling and function.
TV: Psychiatrists get an offer they cannot refuse
Authors: T. David
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Sopranos , Channel 4, Thursdays 10 30 pm (times may vary)

There is no doubt that the United States is way ahead of the United Kingdom in so many ways. This is especially evident when you attend scientific conferences there. While the former colonies were immersed in the third series, we back home were barely getting to grips with the first. Yes, The Sopranos is the talking point in transatlantic psychiatry. There would be enough to enjoy and discuss in this tale of postmodern Mafia hitmen and their families in present day New Jersey. But it is the extra dimension added by the inclusion of a psychiatrist as a central character, Dr Jennifer Melfi, which is the hook.

Tony Soprano, the local godfather, is an effective manager, capable of merciless brutality as well as touching sentiment. He deals with protection rackets, extortion, and, especially, liquidating rivals, while in parallel trying to deal with a sullen …
Closure of Refractory Gastrocutaneous Fistula Using Endoclipping
Authors: A. Chryssostalis, I. Rosa, G. Pileire, V. Ozenne, M. Chousterman, H. Hagège
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) plays an important role in maintaining enteral nutrition in patients with swallowing disorders. After placement of a PEG tube, a gastrocutaneous fistula forms. This fistula usually resolves without therapy after gastrostomy tube removal. We report the case of a patient who developed a refractory gastrocutaneous fistula, after PEG tube removal, that was successfully closed using endoclips.
Prevention of Depression in At-Risk Adolescents
Authors: William R. Beardslee, David A. Brent, V. Robin Weersing, Gregory N. Clarke, Giovanna Porta, Steven D. Hollon, Tracy R. G. Gladstone, Robert Gallop, Frances L. Lynch, Satish Iyengar, Lynn DeBar, Judy Garber
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Adolescent offspring of depressed parents are at high risk for experiencing depressive disorders themselves.To determine whether the positive effects of a group cognitive-behavioral prevention (CBP) program extended to longer-term (multiyear) follow-up.A 4-site randomized clinical trial with 33 months of follow-up was conducted. Recruitment of participants was from August 2003 through February 2006.The study settings included a health maintenance organization, university medical centers, and a community mental health center.Three hundred sixteen adolescent (aged 13-17 years) offspring of parents with current and/or prior depressive disorders; adolescents had histories of depression, current elevated depressive symptoms, or both but did not currently meet criteria for a depressive disorder.The CBP program consisted of 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions followed by 6 monthly continuation sessions. Adolescents were randomly assigned to either the CBP program or usual care (UC).The primary outcome was a probable or definite episode of depression (Depression Symptom Rating score ≥4) for at least 2 weeks through the month 33 follow-up evaluation.Over the 33-month follow-up period, youths in the CBP condition had significantly fewer onsets of depressive episodes compared with those in UC. Parental depression at baseline significantly moderated the intervention effect. When parents were not depressed at intake, CBP was superior to UC (number needed to treat, 6), whereas when parents were actively depressed at baseline, average onset rates between CBP and UC were not significantly different. A 3-way interaction among intervention, baseline parental depression, and site indicated that the impact of parental depression on intervention effectiveness varied across sites.The CBP program showed significant sustained effects compared with UC in preventing the onset of depressive episodes in at-risk youth over a nearly 3-year period. Important next steps will be to strengthen the CBP intervention to further enhance its preventive effects, improve intervention outcomes when parents are currently depressed, and conduct larger implementation trials to test the broader public health impact of the CBP program for preventing depression in youth.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00073671.
Characterization of protein-antiproteinase imbalance in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with pneumonia
Authors: J Braun, K Dalhoff, B Schaaf, WG Wood, KJ Wiessmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

In order to clarify the mode of inactivation of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in pneumonia, 21 immunocompetent patients and 19 immunocompromised patients with acute pneumonia (Groups I and II) were studied. Nine patients successfully treated for pneumonia and 10 healthy volunteers served as controls (Groups III and IV, respectively). The concentrations of alpha 1-PI, elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined using a luminometric assay. Elastase inhibition capacity was determined using a colorimetric assay. Thus, the functional activity of alpha 1-PI was calculated. Both elastase and MPO were significantly higher in group I, when compared with the other groups. The mean concentration of alpha 1-PI was significantly higher in patients with acute pneumonia (Group I 13 mg.l-1, Group II 4.22 mg.l-1) than in Groups III and IV (2.65 and 0.33 mg.l-1, respectively), whereas, the proportion of active alpha 1-PI was significantly lower in Group I than in the other groups. Only a small proportion was present as a complex with elastase (ca. 5.9%) or in oxidised form (ca. 4.8%), 85% of alpha 1-PI was irreversibly proteolyzed. This resulted in free elastase activity in 7 of the 40 patients (18%) with acute pneumonia. We conclude that functional activity of alpha 1-PI is markedly impaired due to irreversible proteolysis in acute pneumonia, despite high immunological concentrations.
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) induces heme oxygenase-1 expression and activity in KSHV-infected endothelial cells
Authors: Shane C. McAllister, Scott G. Hansen, Rebecca A. Ruhl, Camilo M. Raggo, Victor R. DeFilippis, Deborah Greenspan, Klaus Früh, Ashlee V. Moses
Journal: Blood (2004)
Symposium on Aesthetic Surgery of the Nose, Ears, and Chin
Authors: David W. Furnas
Journal: JAMA (1974)

"The nose is man's most paradoxical organ. It has its root above, its back in front, its wings below, and one likes best of all to poke it into places where it does not belong" (Dieffenbach). Improving on this paradoxical organ by surgical means has been one of man's endeavors since 200 BC, when the Sushruta Samhita described reconstruction of an amputated nose with a forehead flap. This volume starts with Samhita and Dieffenbach, and then brings the reader up to date with superbly illustrated and mercilessly edited chapters on most of the important phases of aesthetic rhinoplasty, as well as aesthetic procedures of the ears and chin. Editors Masters and Lewis perform the well-known crowd-of-clowns stunt as they escort 44 authors forth from only 200 pages of print. The crowd proves not to be clowns after all, but leading practitioners of the arts of rhinoplasty, otoplasty, and mentoplasty who
Successful endoscopic treatment (clipping) of esophageal perforation during balloon dilatation in a patient with achalasia
Authors: J. Martinek, S. Kovacova, V. Nosek, T. Verner, M. Vasicek, J. Spicak
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman with a 20-year history of intermittent dysphagia and regurgitation worsening over the past 6 years. The patient underwent balloon dilatation as the first treatment of her disease. A Rigiflex balloon dilator (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA, USA) with a diameter of 30 mm was positioned over a guide wire at the gastroesophageal junction under endoscopic control. An endoscope was introduced to the stomach next to the balloon and then retroflexed to control the procedure ([Fig. 1] and [2] ). We gradually inflated the balloon to 8 psi within 30 seconds and the pressure was maintained for 1 minute.
Molecular Mimicry in HLA-B27-Related Arthritis
Authors: David T.Y. Yu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

A unique feature of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis is that almost all share the HLA type B27. The primary structures of the HLA-B27 antigens have been determined. At least six variants exist. However, disease predisposition does not appear to be restricted to a particular variant. One hypothesis about the pathogenesis of arthritis is that the bacteria that cause the arthritis carry components that are cross-reactive with HLA-B27 antigens. Several reactive bacterial components have indeed been identified using monoclonal anti-HLA-B27 antibodies. Even more striking is the identification, through a computerized search, of a Klebsiella protein. This protein carries a stretch of six amino acids identical to residues 72 to 77 of two of the HLA-B27 variants. A synthetic peptide carrying these six amino acids of HLA-B27 protein is reactive with serum antibodies in some patients with arthritis. With this knowledge, investigators will be able to formulate new approaches for examining the pathogenesis of HLA-B27-associated arthritis.
The Pitfalls of "Mental Tests."
Authors: C. S. Myers
Journal: BMJ (1911)

PITFALLS OF " MENTAL TESTS."[ THx BiTTis 195 seek out death.Again, when it is thought that a mere inspection of a body within twenty-four hours of the sup- posed death is sufficient to warrant a doctor in declaring life is eitinc&, ignorance of the difficulties in the determina- tion of the presence of or absence of life can be the only excuse.In most cases a layman's testimony is sufficient., but in a few the tatk would test the best of us.The demands of the bill have already been criticized, and now it may well be asked, EHow'do you propose to carry out the objects the promotors of the bill have at heart?Now, given a local register in the hands of the medical offioer of health, I would suggest the following:1.When a death occurs the relatives to notify the police.2 The police in case of a natural death to inform the doctor who was last in attendance.3. The doctor, if he is satisfied, to sign a certificate and to.give it to the police officer to take to the local medical officer of health's office, where it should, if in order, be registered. 4. The medical officer of health to grant a burial certi- ficate and the police officer to convey it to the relatives.(In case the doctor declines, or there are some difficulties in the way of signatures, then the medical officer of health should prosecute inquiries and make or order to be made a proper medical examination of the body of the deceased.)5.In case all be explainable by natural causes, the medical officer of health should then issue a burial certificate; if no such explanation can be put forward, the medical officer of health should ask the coroner to under- take the necessary legal inquiry.6.In all cases of accident, suicide, etc, the police officer to communicate direct with the coroner, who would call for the services of the medical officer of health for the district to aid him in every way through his special medical officer to find out the cause or causes of death.Sach is the outline of the scheme I would advocate, and I venture to think that the objects of the promoters of the Coroners Bill would be attained in a far simpler and less costly way than that put forward.If, however, the State requires the application of a test as to whether a body is alive or dead, the State should be prepared to pay for the performance of an operation of skilJ, be it venesection or anything else, and the proper person to perform such is the general practitioner in attendance during the life of the deceased.In conclusion, all I have to say is that those who are concerned in this matter should soon take steps to put into shape their own ideas and present them to the proper authorities before the bill is again proceeded with, and so avoid increasing difficulties in obtaining amendments.
Stimulation of glycoprotein and protein synthesis in isolated pig gastric mucosal cells by prostaglandins.
Authors: H K Heim, A Oestmann, K F Sewing
Journal: Gut (1990)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different prostaglandin derivatives on protein and glycoprotein synthesis and secretion in isolated and enriched pig gastric mucous cells, as measured by the incorporation of [3H]L-leucine and N-acetyl-[14C]D-glucosamine respectively into acid insoluble macromolecules (AIM). PGE2 and 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 enhanced the incorporation of the amino sugar into cellular (EC50 8 and 75 nmol/l) and secreted (EC50 30 and 270 nmol/l) AIM in a concentration dependent manner during a 20 hours incubation. After incubation for eight hours or more they also stimulated the incorporation of [3H]L-leucine into cellular AIM. PGF2 alpha was considerably less potent (EC50 greater than 1 mumol/l) than the E-type prostaglandins. Iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, was ineffective.
Estimating the net contribution of interleukin‐28B variation to spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance
Authors: Julia di Iulio, Angela Ciuffi, Karen Fitzmaurice, Dermot Kelleher, Margalida Rotger, Jacques Fellay, Raquel Martinez, Sara Pulit, Hansjakob Furrer, Huldrych F. Günthard, Manuel Battegay, Enos Bernasconi, Patrick Schmid, Bernard Hirschel, Eleanor Barnes, Paul Klenerman, Amalio Telenti, Andri Rauch
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract The identification of associations between interleukin-28B ( IL-28B ) variants and the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) raises the issues of causality and the net contribution of host genetics to the trait. To estimate more precisely the net effect of IL-28B genetic variation on HCV clearance, we optimized genotyping and compared the host contributions in multiple- and single-source cohorts to control for viral and demographic effects. The analysis included individuals with chronic or spontaneously cleared HCV infections from a multiple-source cohort (n = 389) and a single-source cohort (n = 71). We performed detailed genotyping in the coding region of IL-28B and searched for copy number variations to identify the genetic variant or haplotype carrying the strongest association with viral clearance. This analysis was used to compare the effects of IL-28B variation in the two cohorts. Haplotypes characterized by carriage of the major alleles at IL-28B single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were highly overrepresented in individuals with spontaneous clearance versus those with chronic HCV infections (66.1% versus 38.6%, P = 6 × 10−9). The odds ratios for clearance were 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6–3.0] and 3.9 (95% CI = 1.5–10.2) in the multiple- and single-source cohorts, respectively. Protective haplotypes were in perfect linkage ( r 2 = 1.0) with a nonsynonymous coding variant (rs8103142). Copy number variants were not detected. Conclusion: We identified IL-28B haplotypes highly predictive of spontaneous HCV clearance. The high linkage disequilibrium between IL-28B SNPs indicates that association studies need to be complemented by functional experiments to identify single causal variants. The point estimate for the genetic effect was higher in the single-source cohort, which was used to effectively control for viral diversity, sex, and coinfections and, therefore, offered a precise estimate of the net host genetic contribution. (Hepatology 2011;)
Book Review Cardiopulmonary Critical Care Second edition. Edited by David R. Dantzker. 851 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1991. $99. ISBN 0–7216–2942–3 . Critical Care Practice Edited by John W. Hoyt, Alan S. Tonnesen, and Steven J. Allen. 571 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1991. $45. ISBN 0–7216–4701–4 .
Authors: Paul H. Mayo, Mark J. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
A Review of Pesticide Exposure and Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort
Authors: Scott Weichenthal, Connie Moase, Peter Chan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

We reviewed epidemiologic evidence related to occupational pesticide exposures and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort.Studies were identified from the AHS publication list available at http://aghealth.nci.nih.gov as well as through a Medline/PubMed database search in March 2009. We also examined citation lists. Findings related to lifetime-days and/or intensity-weighted lifetime-days of pesticide use are the primary focus of this review, because these measures allow for the evaluation of potential exposure-response relationships.We reviewed 28 studies; most of the 32 pesticides examined were not strongly associated with cancer incidence in pesticide applicators. Increased rate ratios (or odds ratios) and positive exposure-response patterns were reported for 12 pesticides currently registered in Canada and/or the United States (alachlor, aldicarb, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicamba, S-ethyl-N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate, imazethapyr, metolachlor, pendimethalin, permethrin, trifluralin). However, estimates of association for specific cancers were often imprecise because of small numbers of exposed cases, and clear monotonic exposure-response patterns were not always apparent. Exposure misclassification is also a concern in the AHS and may limit the analysis of exposure-response patterns. Epidemiologic evidence outside the AHS remains limited with respect to most of the observed associations, but animal toxicity data support the biological plausibility of relationships observed for alachlor, carbaryl, metolachlor, pendimethalin, permethrin, and trifluralin.Continued follow-up is needed to clarify associations reported to date. In particular, further evaluation of registered pesticides is warranted.
Homogeneous distribution and pressure dependent reduction of coronary blood flow in right ventricular free wall during coronary hypoperfusion in anaesthetised open chest dogs
Authors: H. TOMOIKE, Y. URABE, K. OHZONO, S. KOYANAGI, M. NAKAMURA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Relationship of coronary perfusion pressure with total and regional myocardial blood flow in right ventricular free wall was studied in 10 anaesthetised open chest dogs. The right coronary artery was perfused by an autoperfusion system from the carotid artery. Total coronary blood flow into the perfused area was measured by an extracorporeal electromagnetic flow probe. Critical perfusion pressure of the right coronary artery, defined as the lowest pressure level below which the regional wall motion deteriorated, was 39(SEM1) mm Hg. Reactive hyperaemia was noted at 60(2) mm Hg, a level well above the critical perfusion pressure. There was an inverse linear relation between the level of reactive hyperaemia and perfusion pressure. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by a tracer microsphere technique at control condition, just above and below the critical perfusion pressures and during coronary occlusion. This correlated closely with values obtained by an electromagnetic flow probe (r = 0.94, p<0.001) and both values were dependent on the level of perfusion pressure. Endocardial to epicardial flow ratio remained at unity at any level of coronary perfusion pressure. Thus the level of coronary perfusion pressure was a major determinant of the regional myocardial blood flow into the right coronary artery, and autoregulation of the regional myocardial blood flow was not apparent across the wall, despite the presence of a reactive hyperaemia.
Modulation of T cell development by an endogenous altered peptide ligand.
Authors: B L Hsu, B D Evavold, P M Allen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

T cells potentially encounter numerous endogenous peptides during selection in the thymus and in the periphery. We examined the impact of an endogenous peptide on in vivo T cell development, using a TCR transgenic mouse model based on a hemoglobin-specific T cell clone. In these mice, the transgenic beta chains paired with endogenous alpha chains. This led to a serendipitous primary reactivity to Ser69 peptide, an altered peptide ligand of the Hbd (64-76) epitope of the parent clone. Two Ser69-reactive T cell populations were identified. A smaller population of the Ser69-reactive T cells responded both to Ser69 and Hbd (64-76). A majority reacted only to Ser69, and not to Hbd(64-76); in fact, Hbd(64-76) was a specific TCR antagonist for these Ser69-only-reactive T cells. Thus, in this unique experimental system, Ser69 became an agonist, and Hbd (64-76) was an antagonist. Endogenous presentation of the antagonist ligand in the thymus selectively eliminated the high-avidity cells, while sparing low-avidity cells in the Ser69-reactive T cell repertoire. These results highlight how specificity guides developing T cells through a network of ligands and indicate that the endogenous peptide pool has a profound effect on T cell development and repertoire.