tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Safety of the Hepatitis B Vaccine
Authors: Albert L. Meric
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  I read with great interest the article entitled  Safety of the Hepatitis B Vaccine. 1 The authors convincingly demonstrated the inactivation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus infectivity and the loss of sedimentable reverse transcriptase activity as a result of two different processes to which Heptavax-B is routinely subjected. They also correctly asserted that the best evidence for the safety of the vaccine is that no recipient has developed AIDS in the absence of other risk factors. These data are sound; hence, my wariness of Heptavax-B does not stem from a fear of acquiring AIDS.  I must disagree, however, with the suggestion that physical removal of the AIDS virus from the vaccine has been confirmed. The hybridization procedure used by the authors was sensitive to a level of 1 pg of viral nucleic acid per adult dose of Heptavax-B. Using the nick-translated 9.0-kilobase pair SacI fragment
Preventing the Spread of AIDS
Authors: Randolph F. Wykoff
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In Dr Echenberg's recent editorial,<sup>1</sup>he called for "all AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] patients [to] be interviewed to obtain their heterosexual contacts and that these contacts be tested for LAV/ARV [lymphadenopathy-associated virus/AIDS-related virus] antibodies." This proposal is important in that it calls for long overdue epidemiologic studies on the spread of LAV/ARV (human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III [HTLV-III]) in currently low-risk populations. I join Dr Echenberg in believing that we have reached a point in the current LAV/ARV (HTLV-III) epidemic where efforts to attempt to protect the public must outweigh potential interference with individual privacy. Two important additions must be made to Dr Echenberg's proposals, however, to make them maximally efficient. The first addition is the inclusion of all persons with LAV/ ARV (HTLV-III) infections, regardless of clinical symptoms. All potentially infective persons (including the majority with no clinical disease, those with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After Discharge
Authors: Joshua Freeman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters15 November 2011Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After DischargeJoshua Freeman, MDJoshua Freeman, MDFrom University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-10-201111150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Kuo and Goodwin's (1) article is very interesting because it looks at postdischarge costs as well as hospital costs, and thus is a step in the right direction. We must also look at patient-centered issues, such as the loss of quality that might occur because the hospitalist has no previous knowledge of the patient.Patients historically did not mind seeing their physician's partner if they had a cold or needed their blood pressure checked; however, when patients were sick enough to be hospitalized, they were comforted by (at least) and benefited from the involvement of a physician ...Reference1. Kuo YF, Goodwin JS. Association of hospitalist care with medical utilization after discharge: evidence of cost shift from a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:152-9. [PMID: 21810708] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joshua Freeman, MDAffiliations: From University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAssociation of Hospitalist Care With Medical Utilization After Discharge: Evidence of Cost Shift From a Cohort Study Yong-Fang Kuo and James S. Goodwin Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After Discharge Yong-Fang Kuo and James S. Goodwin Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After Discharge David M. Mitchell Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After Discharge David O. Meltzer and Jeanette W. Chung Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After Discharge Jean-Sebastien Rachoin Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After Discharge Daniel J. Brotman , Romsai T. Boonyasai , and Amy Deutschendorf Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After Discharge Arun K. Raman Hospital Care and Medical Utilization After Discharge Dimitriy Levin and Jeffrey J. Glasheen Metrics 15 November 2011Volume 155, Issue 10Page: 721-722KeywordsBlood pressureConflicts of interestHospitalists ePublished: 15 November 2011 Issue Published: 15 November 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Antagonism of ceftazidime by chloramphenicol in vitro and in vivo during treatment of gram negative meningitis.
Authors: G L French, T K Ling, D P Davies, D T Leung
Journal: BMJ (1985)

closely resembles Meleney's gangrene in appearance and cause.2 3 Several factors contributed to the delay in diagnosing amoebiasis in our patient-the absence of amoebas in the stools, the negative complement fixation test result, the white abscess pus instead of the classical "anchovy" pus, the fact that amoebas are not visible in Gram 13~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A L ,. .. .' ' .vi .. v Xip
Natural history of diabetic gastroparesis.
Authors: M F Kong, M Horowitz, K L Jones, J M Wishart, P E Harding
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

The major aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of diabetic gastroparesis.Between 1984 and 1989, 86 outpatients with diabetes (66 type 1, 20 type 2; 40 male, 46 female) underwent assessment of solid and liquid gastric emptying and esophageal transit (by scintigraphy), gastrointestinal symptoms (by questionnaire), autonomic nerve function (by cardiovascular reflex tests), and glycemic control (by HbAlc and blood glucose concentrations during gastric emptying measurement). These patients were followed up in 1998.Of the 86 patients, solid gastric emptying (percentage of retention at 100 min) was delayed in 48 (56%) patients and liquid emptying (50% emptying time) was delayed in 24 (28%) patients. At follow-up in 1998, 62 patients were known to be alive, 21 had died, and 3 were lost to follow-up. In the group who had died, duration of diabetes (P = 0.048), score for autonomic neuropathy (P = 0.046), and esophageal transit (P = 0.032) were greater than in those patients who were alive, but there were no differences in gastric emptying between the two groups. Of the 83 patients who could be followed up, 32 of the 45 patients (71%) with delayed solid emptying and 18 of the 24 patients (75%) with delay in liquid emptying were alive. After adjustment for the effects of other factors that showed a relationship with the risk of dying, there was no significant relationship between either gastric emptying or esophageal transit and death.In this relatively large cohort of outpatients with diabetes, there was no evidence that gastroparesis was associated with a poor prognosis.
[755] UTILITY OF A COMBINATION OF NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKERS (FIBROMAX) IN ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF ROSIGLITAZONE IN A ONE YEAR RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL IN NON ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: M. Munteanu, T. Poynard, F. Charlotte, S. Jacqueminot, D. Messous, P. Podevin, L. Serfaty, E. Bruckert, A. Grimaldi, V. Ratziu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The Clearance Rate of Chylomicron Retinyl Ester from Plasma Can Be Used to Distinguish Rats with Cirrhosis from Those with Portacaval Shunt
Authors: Tetsuhiro Kasai, Hisataka Moriwaki, Masataka Okuno, Satoshi Numaguchi, Nobuo Murakami, Mitsuru Seishima, Hiroo Ohnishi, Yoshihiro Shidoji, Yasutoshi Muto
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Effects of carbon tetrachloride treatment and portacaval shunt surgery on exogenous chylomicron retinyl ester clearance from rat plasma were analyzed assuming three-compartment model kinetics. In rats with cirrhosis and in those with Eck fistulas, the relative pool size of compartment 2 decreased (0.20 and 0.36, respectively) compared with controls (0.82). The relative mass of compartment 3 significantly increased in rats with cirrhosis (1.55) or Eck fistula (0.19) compared with control rats (0.11). The cirrhotic and Eck fistula groups were indistinguishable on the basis of these parameters and on the basis of indocyanine green test values. However, the cirrhosis and Eck fistula groups differed clearly from each other with respect to fractional efflux rate constants (l2, l3), where the constant l2 is from compartment 2 and the l3 is from compartment 3. Both values decreased in cirrhotic rats, suggesting that the hepatic uptake of chylomicron retinyl esters was impaired by carbon tetrachloride. On the other hand, Eck fistula rats did experience dramatic increases in l3, implying that the hepatic uptake of chylomicron retinyl esters from compartment 3 was enhanced by portacaval shunting. Elevation of the plasma estrogen level observed in Eck fistula rats may be responsible for the induction of low-density lipoprotein receptors on hepatocytes and for the subsequent enhancement of l3. These results suggest that a three-compartment model of plasma retinyl ester disappearance kinetics gives important quantitative information about hepatic function. Clinical application of the chylomicron retinyl ester clearance test is discussed for estimating hepatic function reserves and for differential diagnosis of portal hypertension.
The Impact of DaTscan in the Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Isis Gayed, Usha Joseph, Mina Fanous, David Wan, Mya Schiess, William Ondo, Kyoung-Sook Won
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of DaTscan in a heterogeneous group of patients with movement disorders as well as the degree of confidence in scan findings between different readers.A retrospective evaluation of consecutive patients who underwent DaTscan during 1 year was performed. The patients' demographics, symptoms, duration, clinical diagnosis, and medications were collected. The scan findings were categorized by 2 blinded observers on a semiquantitative scale as follows: 0, normal; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, marked; and 4, absent uptake for each of the caudate heads and putamina separately. A correlation of the scan findings with the clinical symptoms and diagnosis as well as interobserver agreement was performed. Disagreement was considered when a difference greater than 2 in more than 1 area of the basal ganglia was recorded. Descriptive statistics and κ test for interobserver agreement were used for data analysis.Fifty-seven patients were included (mean age, 63.4 years; 29 men, 28 women). Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) was certain in 26 and uncertain in 31 patients. DaTscan was markedly abnormal in 24 (92%) of 26 patients with certain clinical diagnosis of PD and normal in the remaining 2 (8%). In 31 patients with uncertain diagnosis, 15 (48%) had markedly abnormal scans, 5 (16%) had mild abnormalities, and 11 (36%) had normal scans. Each of the sensitivity and positive predictive value of DaTscan in patients who had certain clinical diagnosis of PD (26 patients) is 92%. Interobserver agreement occurred in 52 (91%) of 57 scans and disagreement in 5 (9%) of 57 (κ = 0.82). There was also a good correlation with laterality of symptoms in 32 (82%) of 39 positive studies.Markedly abnormal DaTscan is confirmed as the diagnostic pattern for PD. This pattern helps confirm the diagnosis in patients with unclear clinical diagnosis. Good interobserver agreement is easily obtained in reading DaTscans.
Type II Diabetes Abrogates Sex Differences in Endothelial Function in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Helmut O. Steinberg, Giancarlo Paradisi, Jessica Cronin, Kristin Crowde, Annette Hempfling, Ginger Hook, Alain D. Baron
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Obesity is a more potent cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) in men than in women. Because traditional CVRFs cannot fully account for this sex difference, we tested the hypothesis that compared with men, women exhibit more robust endothelial function independent of obesity and that this sex difference is abrogated by diabetes. Methods and Results —We studied leg blood flow (LBF) responses to graded intrafemoral artery infusions of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator methacholine chloride (Mch) and the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in groups of lean, obese (OB), and type II diabetic (DM) premenopausal women and age- and body mass index–matched men. LBF response to intrafemoral administration of L-NMMA, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was also assessed in normal men and women. Maximum LBF increments in response to Mch were 347±57% versus 231±22% in lean women versus men ( P &lt;0.05) and 203±25% versus 111±17% in OB women versus men ( P &lt;0.01), respectively. In DM, maximum LBF increments in response to Mch were 104±24% and 138±33% in women and men, respectively, ( P =NS). LBF decrements in response to L-NMMA were 34.9±4.1% and 17.1±4.2% in women and men, respectively ( P &lt;0.01). The response to SNP was not different between sexes and groups. Conclusions —Premenopausal nondiabetic women exhibit more robust endothelium-dependent vasodilation owing to higher rates of nitric oxide release than men. Given the protective vascular action of nitric oxide, this difference may partially explain the lower incidence of macrovascular disease in women. In premenopausal women, DM causes impairment of endothelial function beyond that observed with obesity alone and leads to endothelial dysfunction similar to that observed in DM men. These findings may help explain the similar rates of coronary artery disease and mortality in diabetic men and women.
Generic HIV Drugs — Enlightened Policy for Global Health
Authors: Mark A. Wainberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Though the number of people in Africa with access to effective combination antiretroviral regimens exceeds 100,000 today, it is still a far cry from the 8 million who are thought to require such therapy. Mark Wainberg describes the use of generic HIV drugs as an enlightened policy for global health.
Pancreatic Exocrine Function in Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: J. H. Baron, J. D. N. Nabarro
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Exocrine pancreatic function was studied in 14 inpatients with newly diagnosed maturity onset diabetes mellitus. Five patients had clinical and biochemical evidence of pancreatic disease (two carcinoma, three pancreatitis). The other nine patients had no clinical pancreatic disease but all except one had at least one abnormal result of pancreatic function tests. None of this group with idiopathic diabetes mellitus developed any clinical evidence of exocrine pancreatic disease over the next five years. Mild abnormalities of exocrine pancreatic function in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes but without clinical evidence of pancreatic disease do not usually develop into overt pancreatic disease, and are therefore probably clinically unimportant.
INTERACTION OF AGGREGATED γ-GLOBULIN WITH B LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: H. B. Dickler, H. G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Specific binding of aggregated γ-globulin to a subpopulation of lymphocytes was demonstrated. This subpopulation was identified as the Ig-staining or B lymphocytes. The binding was irreversible and independent of complement, pH, temperature, protein content of the medium, and divalent cations. Aggregates of large size were needed for optimal visualization. Evidence was obtained that the site on the lymphocyte membrane responsible for binding aggregates was distinct from surface Ig.
Class III Antiarrhythmic Drugs Block HERG, a Human Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K <sup>+</sup> Channel
Authors: Peter S. Spector, Mark E. Curran, Mark T. Keating, Michael C. Sanguinetti
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

We recently reported that mutations in HERG, a potassium channel gene, cause long QT syndrome. Heterologous expression of HERG in Xenopus oocytes revealed that this channel had biophysical properties nearly identical to a cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current I(Kr), but had dissimilar pharmacological properties. Class III antiarrhythmic drugs such as E-4031 and MK-499 are potent and specific blockers of I (Kr) in cardiac myocytes. Our initial studies indicated that these compounds did not block HERG at a concentration of 1 micromol/L. In the present study, we used standard two-microelectrode voltage-clamp techniques to further characterize the effects of these drugs on HERG channels expressed in oocytes. Consistent with initial findings, 1 micromol/L MK-499 and E-4031 had not effect on HERG when oocytes were voltage clamped at a negative potential and not pulsed during equilibration with the drug. However, MK-499 did block HERG current if oocytes were repetitively pulsed, or clamped at a voltage positive to the threshold potential for channel activation. This finding is in contrast to previous studies that showed significant block of I(Kr) in isolated myocytes by similar drugs, even in the absence of pulsing. This apparent discrepancy may be due to differences in channel characteristics (HERG versus guinea pig and mouse I (Kr)), tissue (oocytes versus myocytes), or specific drugs. Under steady state conditions, block of HERG by MK-499 was half maximal at 123 +/- 12 nmol/L at a test potential of -20 mV. MK-499 (150 nmol/L) did not affect the voltage dependence of activation and rectification nor the kinetics of activation and deactivation of HERG. These data indicate that MK-499 preferentially blocks open HERG channels and further support the conclusion that HERG subunits form I(Kr) channels in cardiac myocytes.
Marrow culture in diffusion chambers in rabbits: III. Effect of endotoxin and leukocyte products on cell production
Authors: Roel Willemze, Richard I. Walker, John C. Herion, Jeffress G. Palmer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Soluble leukocyte products harvested from incubated peritoneal exudate leukocytes, injected intravenously or intramuscularly, increased production of granulocytes and macrophages in marrow in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. Red cell production in the chambers was not consistently affected. Endotoxin increased production of all cell types. Endotoxin tolerance induced by daily injection of endotoxin to host rabbits abolished granulopoietic stimulation by endotoxin given during the culture period but did not diminish the granulopoietic stimulation produced by injected leukocyte products. Attempts to induce tolerance to leukocyte products by daily injections did not reduce the granulopoietic stimulation produced by either endotoxin or leukocyte products injected during the culture period. Intraperitoneally administered leukocytes products markedly inhibited production of all cell types. Endotoxin or leukocyte products given to normal rabbits increased plasma colony stimulating activity (CSA); the increase occurred sooner after leukocyte products than after endotoxin. Endotoxin‐tolerant animals showed no rise in CSA after endotoxin, but their response to leukocyte products was normal. Leukocyte products added to agar cultures neither supported nor inhibited colony growth but augmented CSA‐stimulated colony production. Endotoxin, leukocyte products, and CSA are different and may interact in regulating granulopoiesis.
Abstract 1200: Oncogenic KRAS sensitizes colorectal tumor cells to chemotherapy via p53-dependent induction of Noxa
Authors: Menno T. de Bruijn, Daniëlle A. Raats, Frederik J. Hoogwater, Winan J. van Houdt, Kate Cameron, Jan-Paul Medema, Inne H. Borel Rinkes, Onno Kranenburg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil currently form the backbone of conservative treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Tumor responses to these agents are highly variable, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Our previous results have indicated that the presence of oncogenic KRAS in colorectal tumor cells sensitizes these cells to chemotherapy. In the present manuscript we show that the sensitization of colorectal tumor cells to oxaliplatin and 5-FU by oncogenic KRAS is critically dependent on the presence of wild type p53. KRAS status did not influence p53 stabilization, p21 induction, or cell cycle arrest. A screen for induction of apoptosis regulators revealed that KRAS selectively promoted expression of the pro-apoptotic p53 target gene Noxa. Suppression of Noxa by RNA interference strongly reduced KRAS/p53-dependent apoptosis following exposure to chemotherapy, both in vitro and in tumor xenografts in mice. Noxa knockdown did not affect p53-dependent p21 induction or cell cycle arrest. Our results identify oncogenic KRAS as an important determinant of the cellular response to p53 activation following exposure to oxaliplatin or 5-FU, by facilitating apoptosis induction through Noxa. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1200.
SIRT5 Regulates the Mitochondrial Lysine Succinylome and Metabolic Networks
Authors: Matthew J. Rardin, Wenjuan He, Yuya Nishida, John C. Newman, Chris Carrico, Steven R. Danielson, Ailan Guo, Philipp Gut, Alexandria K. Sahu, Biao Li, Radha Uppala, Mark Fitch, Timothy Riiff, Lei Zhu, Jing Zhou, Daniel Mulhern, Robert D. Stevens, Olga R. Ilkayeva, Christopher B. Newgard, Matthew P. Jacobson, Marc Hellerstein, Eric S. Goetzman, Bradford W. Gibson, Eric Verdin
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Beneficial Effect on Average Lipid Levels From Energy Restriction and Fat Loss in Obese Individuals With or Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tania P Markovic, Lesley V Campbell, Santhira Balasubramanian, Arthur B Jenkins, Adriana C Fleury, Leon A Simons, Donald J Chisholm
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE The risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes is greater than is accounted for by conventional risk factors. We investigated whether energy restriction or modest fat loss improved the lipid profile in obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. The relationship of site of adipose tissue loss to lipid changes was also examined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Lipid levels were measured in 18 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 9, BM1 = 31.5 ± 0.8 [SEM] kg/m2) or type 2 diabetes (n = 9, BMI = 31.8 ± 0.7) before and on the 4th (d4) and 28th (d28) days of a hypocaloric formula diet. Body composition was assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry on dO and d28. RESULTSL:— Mean daily energy intake during the diet was 1,100 ± 60 kcal (33% protein, 38% carbohydrate, and 29% fat). Mean weight loss was 6.2 ± 0.4 kg. Initial lipid profiles were similar in subjects with or without diabetes, and diabetes did not affect the responses. Dietary intervention resulted in early (d4) and late (d28) changes. Energy restriction(d4) reduced VLDL cholesterol and total triglyceride (TG) concentrations andincreased LDL particle size. With fat loss (d28), there were falls in total LDL cholesterol (free and esterified components), LDL TG, and LDL apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentrations. Reduction in central abdominal fat (but not other body fat) was correlated with a less atherogenic lipid profile: Δ abdominal fat versus Δ LDL free cholesterol, r = 0.65, P = 0.006 and versus Δ apoB, r = 0.64, P = 0.008. CONCLUSIONS Even in obese subjects with an average lipid profile, modest weight loss reduces atherogenicity, independently of type 2 diabetes, and abdominal fat loss is specifically related to such improvements.