tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commercial Laboratory Testing for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: David P. Dooley
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We recently received a mailing from a wellknown national laboratory that advertises a panel of tests designed to aid in the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).<sup>1</sup>This flier describes the various immune abnormalities that frequently accompany CFS, then noncommittally suggests that the advertised battery of tests "is useful for detecting defects in natural immunity....[T]he [battery] includes the best documented indicators, ie, EBV (EA, VCA) and HHV-6 antibodies." Subsets of T cells are included in the battery and natural killer cell function will soon be additionally available. The point of providing this panel of diagnostics eludes me, if other than to create a market where there is none. The diagnostic or prognostic significance of any immune or serologic abnormality, or constellation thereof, is unknown in CFS.<sup>2-4</sup> Chronic fatigue syndrome probably has multiple causes, with fatigue being a final common manifestation<sup>2</sup>; it is unknown whether
AN ANALYSIS OF FOURTEEN CONSECUTIVE CASES OF SPINAL CORD TUMOR
Authors: CHARLES H. FRAZIER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

We present this critical analysis of a series of fourteen consecutive cases in the hope that the emphasis which we lay on certain diagnostic phases may lead to an earlier diagnosis in spinal cord tumors and, as a result, to the consideration of surgical therapy before cord degeneration—the inevitable consequence of delay—has deprived the patient of relief from crippling deformities. Whatever the cause, the fact remains that in this series the final diagnosis was not established until an average of two and a half years had elapsed from the date of the initial symptom. While tumors of the spinal cord are less frequent than brain tumors in the ratio of one to six, the proportion of operable tumors of the cord from the standpoint of localization and feasibility of exposure and removal is far greater. In twelve of our fourteen cases the tumor was accurately localized, accessible, well encapsulated and
Liver function, cerebral blood flow autoregulation, and hepatic encephalopathy in fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: G Strauss, B A Hansen, P Kirkegaard, A Rasmussen, A Hjortrup, F S Larsen
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

In acute liver failure, massive hepatic necrosis may result in impaired regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), development of encephalopathy, and cerebral edema. In 10 consecutive patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), CBF autoregulation was found to be absent, as transcranial Doppler mean flow velocity (Vmean) in the middle cerebral artery increased from 49 (27-59) to 69 (49-92) cm/s (P < .05) during a 30- (28-34) mm Hg rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP). In 7 patients, restoration of CBF autoregulation was shown within 48 (24-120) hours after spontaneous hepatic recovery or liver transplantation, before complete alleviation of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The extraordinarily rapid restoration of CBF autoregulation in patients with FHF following re-establishment of liver function is unique compared with other conditions affecting the CBF autoregulation, indicating a close connection between liver function and regulation of cerebral circulation. Because CBF autoregulation was restored after initial alleviation of HE, it does not appear to be of major pathophysiological importance in the mediation of HE.
Diazoxide effects on biphasic insulin release: “adrenergic” suppression and enhancement in the perifused rat pancreas
Authors: Ian M. Burr, Errol B. Marliss, Werner Stauffacher, Albert E. Renold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

An in vitro system for perifusion of rat pancreas has been used to investigate the effects of diazoxide on glucose-induced insulin release. Administration of diazoxide with a stimulating concentration of glucose produced a dose-dependent suppression of insulin release. This effect was partly reversed by phentolamine. In the presence of nonstimulatory concentrations of glucose, diazoxide plus phentolamine, but neither alone, stimulated a biphasic release of insulin similar to that observed with 1-isopropyl norepinephrine. A prior period of perifusion with a low concentration of diazoxide enhanced the primary component of subsequent glucose-stimulated insulin release, an effect inhibited by addition of either phentolamine or propranolol to the diazoxide during this “prestimulation” period. These effects are similar to those observed with epinephrine. By contrast with epinephrine however, increasing the concentration of diazoxide during the period before glucose stimulation enhanced both the primary and secondary components of subsequent glucose-induced insulin release. These data suggest that at least some of the direct effects of diazoxide on the pancreas are mediated through α- and β-adrenergic receptor mechanisms.
Recovery From Rabies in Man
Authors: Harold T. Fuerst
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a letter in the<i>Journal</i>of May 9 (<b>196</b>:600, 1966), Dr. Joseph J. Kraut states: "Humans are now known to have survived<i>clinical</i>[italics mine] rabies, proved by laboratory test, who received blood transfusions from donors recently actively immunized." This writer knows of no reported instance of recovery from rabies in a human once clinical signs of the disease have appeared. It would be helpful if Dr. Kraut could provide further descriptive material concerning these cases or document the references therefor.
The Missing Link — Lose Weight, Live Longer
Authors: George A. Bray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

In this issue of the Journal, two articles — by Sjöström et al.1 and Adams et al.2 — may provide the missing link between intentional weight loss and lives saved for obese patients. For the past two decades, we have been living through an epidemic of obesity.3,4 The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled in adults and has risen by a factor of more than 3 in children. This escalation in obesity is a time bomb for the future risk of diabetes and other illnesses and for the attendant costs.5 With the increasing use of surgery to treat . . .
A novel, web-based, psychological intervention for people with psoriasis: the electronic Targeted Intervention for Psoriasis (eTIPs) study
Authors: C. Bundy, B. Pinder, S. Bucci, D. Reeves, C.E.M. Griffiths, N. Tarrier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Background Psychological morbidity and reduced quality of life are common and linked with nonadherence to medication in psoriasis. Access to psychological therapy is often poor with long waiting times. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a well-accepted therapy for psychological disorders and is particularly effective when tailored to address condition-specific concerns. Objectives To determine whether an electronic CBT intervention for Psoriasis (eTIPs) would reduce distress, improve quality of life and clinical severity in patients with psoriasis. Methods This was a wait-list, randomized trial of immediate intervention vs. usual care. Self-assessed psoriasis severity (Self-Administered Psoriasis Area and Severity Index), distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index) were measured before and after intervention. Analysis was based on complete cases and all cases using multiple imputation to substitute missing values. Results Anxiety scores between groups were significantly reduced (P < 0·05) for complete cases only; the mean (SD) scores were: intervention 7·6 (3·6) at baseline and 6·1 (3·5) at follow-up vs. control 8·3 (3·5) at baseline and after intervention 8·1 (4·4) (P = 0·004). Depression scores did not change; the experimental group scores at baseline were 5·0 (4·2) and after intervention 4·0 (3·7) vs. control group at baseline 5·2 (3·4) and after intervention 4·9 (3·8). Psoriasis severity scores did not change: baseline scores for the experimental group were 7·5 (6·0) and after intervention 6·5 (8·5) vs. the control group before 8·3 (6·3) and after 7·6 (6·1) (not significant). Quality-of-life scores improved in both analyses (P < 0·05); the intervention group scores before were 6·6 (4·2) and after intervention 5·0 (5·1) vs. control before 7·4 (4·4) and after intervention 7·7 (4·5) (P = 0·042). Conclusions This first online CBT intervention for people with skin disease showed improvement in anxiety and quality of life in patients with psoriasis. The results are limited by the large amount of missing data and, at this stage, online delivery cannot substitute for established methods of delivery for CBT.
Activation of Meiosis-Specific Genes Is Associated with Depolyploidization of Human Tumor Cells following Radiation-Induced Mitotic Catastrophe
Authors: Fiorenza Ianzini, Elizabeth A. Kosmacek, Elke S. Nelson, Eleonora Napoli, Jekaterina Erenpreisa, Martins Kalejs, Michael A. Mackey
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Cancer is frequently characterized histologically by the appearance of large cells that are either aneuploid or polyploid. Aneuploidy and polyploidy are hallmarks of radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe (MC), a common phenomenon occurring in tumor cells with impaired p53 function following exposure to various cytotoxic and genotoxic agents. MC is characterized by altered expression of mitotic regulators, untimely and abnormal cell division, delayed DNA damage, and changes in morphology. We report here that cells undergoing radiation-induced MC are more plastic with regards to ploidy and that this plasticity allows them to reorganize their genetic material through reduction division to produce smaller cells which are morphologically indistinguishable from control cells. Experiments conducted with the large-scale digital cell analysis system are discussed and show that a small fraction of polyploid cancer cells formed via radiation-induced MC can survive and start a process of depolyploidization that yields various outcomes. Although most multipolar divisions failed and cell fusion occurred, some of these divisions were successful and originated a variety of cell progeny characterized by different ploidy. Among these ploidy phenotypes, a progeny of small mononucleated cells, indistinguishable from the untreated control cells, is often seen. We report here evidence that meiosis-specific genes are expressed in the polyploid cells during depolyploidization. Tumor cells might take advantage of the temporary change from a promitotic to a promeiotic division regimen to facilitate depolyploidization and restore the proliferative state of the tumor cell population. These events might be mechanisms by which tumor progression and resistance to treatment occur in vivo.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Preconception Care for Women With Established Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: A. Elixhauser, J. M. Weschler, J. L. Kitzmiller, J. S. Marks, H. W. Bennert, D. R. Coustan, S. G. Gabbe, W. H. Herman, R. C. Kaufmann, E. S. Ogata, S. J. Sepe
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To determine whether the additional costs of preconception care are balanced by the savings from averted complications. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of preconception care in reducing congenital anomalies in infants born of mothers with pre-existing diabetes mellitus.This study used literature review, consensus development among an expert panel of physicians, and surveys of medical care personnel to obtain information about the costs and consequences of preconception plus prenatal care compared with prenatal care only for women with established diabetes. Preconception care involves close interaction between the patient and an interdisciplinary health-care team as well as intensified evaluation, follow-up, testing, and monitoring. The outcome measures assessed in this study are the medical costs of preconception care versus prenatal care only and the benefit-cost ratio.The costs of preconception plus prenatal care are $17,519/delivery, whereas the costs of prenatal care only are $13,843/delivery. Taking into account maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, the net savings of preconception care are $1720/enrollee over prenatal care only and the benefit-cost ratio is 1.86. The preconception care program remained cost saving across a wide range of assumptions regarding incidence of adverse outcomes and program cost components.Despite significantly higher per delivery costs for participants in a hypothetical preconception care program, intensive medical care before conception resulted in cost savings compared with prenatal care only. Third-party payers can expect to realize cost savings by reimbursing preconception care in this high-risk population.
The elucidation of gene transferring mechanism by ultrasound-responsive unmodified and mannose-modified lipoplexes
Authors: Keita Un, Shigeru Kawakami, Mitsuru Yoshida, Yuriko Higuchi, Ryo Suzuki, Kazuo Maruyama, Fumiyoshi Yamashita, Mitsuru Hashida
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Catastrophic expenditure to pay for surgery worldwide: a modelling study
Authors: Mark G Shrime, Anna J Dare, Blake C Alkire, Kathleen O'Neill, John G Meara
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundApproximately 150 million individuals worldwide face catastrophic expenditure each year from medical costs alone, and the non-medical costs of accessing care increase that number. The proportion of this expenditure related to surgery is unknown. Because the World Bank has proposed elimination of medical impoverishment by 2030, the effect of surgical conditions on financial catastrophe should be quantified so that any financial risk protection mechanisms can appropriately incorporate surgery.MethodsTo estimate the global incidence of catastrophic expenditure due to surgery, we built a stochastic model. The income distribution of each country, the probability of requiring surgery, and the medical and non-medical costs faced for surgery were incorporated. Sensitivity analyses were run to test the robustness of the model.Findings3·7 billion people (posterior credible interval 3·2–4·2 billion) risk catastrophic expenditure if they need surgery. Each year, 81·3 million people (80·8–81·7 million) worldwide are driven to financial catastrophe—32·8 million (32·4–33·1 million) from the costs of surgery alone and 48·5 million (47·7–49·3) from associated non-medical costs. The burden of catastrophic expenditure is highest in countries of low and middle income; within any country, it falls on the poor. Estimates were sensitive to the definition of catastrophic expenditure and the costs of care. The inequitable burden distribution was robust to model assumptions.InterpretationHalf the global population is at risk of financial catastrophe from surgery. Each year, surgical conditions cause 81 million individuals to face catastrophic expenditure, of which less than half is attributable to medical costs. These findings highlight the need for financial risk protection for surgery in health-system design.FundingMGS received partial funding from NIH/NCI R25CA92203.
Targeted Replacement of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α by a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Knock-in Allele Promotes Tumor Growth
Authors: Kelly L. Covello, M. Celeste Simon, Brian Keith
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are essential transcriptional regulators that mediate adaptation to hypoxic stress in rapidly growing tissues such as tumors. HIF activity is regulated by hypoxic stabilization of the related HIF-1α and HIF-2α subunits, which are frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. To assess the relative tumor-promoting functions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α directly, we replaced HIF-1α expression with HIF-2α by creating a novel “knock-in” allele at the Hif-1α locus through homologous recombination in primary murine embryonic stem cells. Compared with controls, s.c. teratomas derived from knock-in embryonic stem cells were larger and more proliferative, had increased microvessel density, and exhibited increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-α, and cyclin D1. These and other data indicate that HIF-2α promotes tumor growth more effectively than HIF-1α in multiple contexts.
Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Heart Failure
Authors: Guy A. Haywood, Philip S. Tsao, Heiko E. von der Leyen, Michael J. Mann, Philip J. Keeling, Pedro T. Trindade, Neil P. Lewis, Christopher D. Byrne, Peter R. Rickenbacher, Nanette H. Bishopric, John P. Cooke, William J. McKenna, Michael B. Fowler
Journal: Circulation (1996)

There is increasing evidence that alterations in nitric oxide synthesis are of pathophysiological importance in heart failure. A number of studies have shown altered nitric oxide production by the endothelial constitutive isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but there is very little information on the role of the inducible isoform.We analyzed inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in ventricular myocardium taken from 11 control subjects (who had died suddenly from noncardiac causes), from 10 donor hearts before implantation, and from 51 patients with heart failure (24 with dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM], 17 with ischemic heart disease [IHD], and 10 with valvular heart disease [VHD]). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the presence of intact mRNA and to detect expression of iNOS and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). ANP was used as a molecular phenotypic marker of ventricular failure. iNOS was expressed in 36 of 51 biopsies (71%) from patients with heart failure and in none of the control patients (P<.0001). iNOS expression could also be detected in 50% of the donor hearts. All samples that expressed iNOS also expressed ANP. iNOS gene expression occurred in 67% of patients with DCM, 59% of patients with IHD, and 100% of patients with VHD. To determine whether iNOS protein was expressed in failing ventricles, immunohistochemistry was performed on three donor hearts and nine failing hearts with iNOS mRNA expression. Staining for iNOS was almost undetectable in the donor myocardium and in control sections, but all failing hearts showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining in cardiac myocytes. Expression of iNOS could be observed in all four chambers. Western blot analysis with the same primary antibody showed a specific positive band for iNOS protein in the heart failure specimens; minimal iNOS protein expression was seen in donor heart samples.iNOS expression occurs in failing human cardiac myocytes and may be involved in the pathophysiology of DCM, IHD, and VHD.
Transfusional iron overload in children with sickle cell anemia on chronic transfusion therapy for secondary stroke prevention
Authors: Janet L. Kwiatkowski, Alan R. Cohen, Julian Garro, Ofelia Alvarez, Ramamorrthy Nagasubramanian, Sharada Sarnaik, Alexis Thompson, Gerald M. Woods, William Schultz, Nicole Mortier, Peter Lane, Brigitta Mueller, Nancy Yovetich, Russell E. Ware
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Chronic transfusion reduces the risk of recurrent stroke in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) but leads to iron loading. Management of transfusional iron overload in SCA has been reported as suboptimal [1], but studies characterizing monitoring and treatment practices for iron overload in children with SCA, particularly in recent years with the expansion of chelator options, are lacking. We investigated the degree of iron loading and treatment practices of 161 children with SCA receiving transfusions for a history of stroke who participated in the Stroke with Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH) trial. Data obtained during screening, including past and entry liver iron concentration (LIC) measurements, ferritin values, and chelation were analyzed. The mean age at enrollment was 12.9 ± 4 years and the mean duration of transfusion was 7 ± 3.8 years. Baseline LIC (median 12.94 mg/g dw) and serum ferritin (median 3,164 ng/mL) were elevated. Chelation therapy was initiated after a mean of 2.6 years of transfusions. At study entry, 137 were receiving chelation, most of whom (90%) were receiving deferasirox. This study underscores the need for better monitoring of iron burden with timely treatment adjustments in chronically transfused children with SCA.
Practical Management of Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Imatinib
Authors: Michael W.N. Deininger, Stephen G. O’Brien, John M. Ford, Brian J. Druker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

The introduction of imatinib, a specific inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, has dramatically changed the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). More than 10,000 patients worldwide have been treated with imatinib in clinical trials, and a large body of information has accumulated about the use of this drug. The purpose of this article is to review practical guidelines in regard to optimal dosing, monitoring, managing common side effects such as myelosuppression, and potential drug interactions. The treatment recommendations are intended to optimize therapy with imatinib while taking into account a patient’s specific circumstances.
Subclinical Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Military Personnel with Malaria
Authors: ALBERT H. FINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 November 1970Subclinical Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Military Personnel with MalariaALBERT H. FINE, M.D., ARNOLD W. GOLDSCHLAGER, M.D.ALBERT H. FINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARNOLD W. GOLDSCHLAGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-857_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The high prevalence of malaria in servicemen returning from Southeast Asia has been reported. In a series of 16 consecutive cases of malaria hospitalized at the 1st USAF Hospital, Selfridge AFB, Michigan, 7 of these also had subclinical intestinal parasitic infestations. All the patients in our series were men with a mean age of 21. They had returned from Southeast Asia within 1 month of the onset of clinical illness and were admitted to our hospital after microscopic confirmation of a malarial infection. Generally they presented with spiking fevers, chills, malaise, headache, and prostration. No history of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALBERT H. FINE, M.D.; ARNOLD W. GOLDSCHLAGER, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1970Volume 73, Issue 5Page: 857-857KeywordsArmed forcesFeversHeadachesMalariaParasitic diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...