tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of Th2 polarity are predictive of staphylococcal colonization in subjects with atopic dermatitis
Authors: J.A. Warner, L.Y. McGirt, L.A. Beck
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Staphylococcal colonization of the skin is commonly observed in subjects with atopic dermatitis (AD) and correlates with disease severity. Little is known about whether the degree of T-helper 2 (Th2) polarity in these subjects can also affect the frequency of bacterial colonization in this disease.To determine if there is a correlation between markers of Th2 polarity [serum total IgE, eosinophilia and presence of another atopic disease (allergic rhinitis)] and skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in subjects with AD.A retrospective chart review was performed of an academic dermatology clinic focused on the treatment of AD with a single provider.Staphylococcus aureus colonization was more commonly observed in subjects with AD who had peripheral eosinophilia, elevated serum IgE levels, and/or a history of or active allergic rhinitis.Results suggest that Th2 polarity may enhance subjects' risk for bacterial colonization.
A Phase I Trial With Transgenic Bacteria Expressing Interleukin-10 in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Henri Braat, Pieter Rottiers, Daniel W. Hommes, Nathalie Huyghebaert, Erik Remaut, Jean–Paul Remon, Sander J.H. van Deventer, Sabine Neirynck, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Lothar Steidler
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
A canine study of immunotherapy in scorpion envenomation
Authors: Fekri Abroug, Semir Nouira, Souheil El Atrous, Lamia Besbes, Riadh Boukef, Mohamed Boussarsar, Soudani Marghli, Joëlle Eurin, Christiane Barthelemy, Mohamed El Ayeb, Koussay Dellagi, Alain Carayon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
TRAUMATIC INTRAMUSCULAR OSSIFICATION: ITS PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT BY EXCISION AND AUTOGENOUS GRAFTING OF FASCIA: A Clinical and Experimental Study
Authors: J. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1913)

THE condition dealt with in this paper is usually known as nyositis ossificans traumatica, but the name is objectionable as implying a tlleory of its pathology, for wllich, as I hope to show, there is little foundation.Tlle condition to be described follows the infliction of a single severe contusion, and must be distinguished clearly frome two other types of intramLuscular ossification-namely,(1) myositis ossificans progressiva, which starts early in life, usually in the muscles of the back, and ultimately causes death from respiratory failure; and (2) ossification into tendons, the result of slight, repeated mechanical irritation, such as " rider's bone."THEORIES OF CAUSATION.After a severe, blunt, subcutaneous injury to a limib, usually the thigh or upper arm, a mass of bone develops in the contused muscles.Various theories have been entertained as to the origin and natuLre of this bony growth, a full discussion of which is given by Lapointe in a recenl paper.1Briefly, the theories fall into thlree main gcroups, namely:
A generic press release from [health charity]
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Dear [health journalist],

As awareness day/week/month for [disease] is coming up fast—just the thing for those summer slow news days!—we have lots to offer you for features, comment, articles, photos!

CELEBRITY! We are very happy to announce that [celebrity] is now our spokesperson/ambassador/patron! S/he is willing to be interviewed on the subject of [disease] which s/he had a “scare” about/has had/had a friend who had it/has always been worried about. As you know, s/he is in the news lately because of Big Brother /football spousal injunction/autobiography/launch of own vajazzaling …
1079-79 The impact of aortic manipulation on neurological outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery: A risk-adjusted study
Authors: Emmanouil I Kapetanakis, Peter C Hill, Mercedes K.C Dullum, Elizabeth Haile, Ammar S Bafi, Steven W Boyce, Kathleen R Petro, Paul J Corso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Maintenance Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV Infection
Authors: Douglas Mayers
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has
led to health benefits for patients infected with HIV-1. However,
long-term use of multidrug regimens is difficult to sustain.
Simplifying antiretroviral treatment regimens would increase
patients' adherence and minimise toxicity. We investigated the
feasibility of a strategy of induction therapy followed by maintenance
therapy with HAART in a randomised open-label study.Methods From March, 1997, we enrolled patients infected with
HIV-1 with at least 200 CD4 cells/µL, at least 1000 HIV-1 RNA
copies/mL in plasma, and no previous exposure to antiretroviral drugs.
After 26 weeks of induction therapy (stavudine, lamivudine, saquinavir,
and nelfinavir) patients were randomly allocated maintenance therapy
(either stavudine and nelfinavir or saquinivir and nelfinavir) or
prolonged induction therapy (if the plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration at
weeks 24 and 25 was <50 copies/mL).Findings In February, 1998, we discontinued randomisation after
an interim analysis. 62 patients had been enrolled. 39 (91%) of the 43
patients who were followed up for at least 26 weeks had an undetectable
plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration at week 16. At week 26, 31 patients were
randomly allocated treatment. Of these patients 25 had a total
follow-up of at least 36 weeks. At week 36, a higher proportion of
patients on maintenance therapy (nine [64%] of 14) had a detectable
HIV-1 RNA than patients on prolonged induction therapy (one [9%] of
11, p=0.01). The initial virion-clearance rate during
induction therapy was higher in five patients on maintenance therapy
with a sustained undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration than in
nine patients with recurrence of a detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA
concentration at week 36 (0.35 vs 0.19 per day, respectively;
p=0.008).Interpretation The induction regimen provided a rapid suppression
of viral replication to below 50 copies/mL. However, suppression was
not sustained in a considerable number of patients who went onto
maintenance therapy. It is currently inadvisable to continue attempts
at moving from induction to maintenance therapy in day-to-day
practice.
HLA class I antigen display on hepatocyte membrane in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Its role in the pathogenesis of chronic type B hepatitis
Authors: Chia-Ming Chu, Wei-Chue Shyu, Ruey-Wen Kuo, Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

It has been suggested that cytotoxic T cells are involved in the recognition and lysis of the infected hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and that the target antigen is probably HBcAg which is displayed on the hepatocyte membrane during active viral replication. However, studies in other viral infection have demonstrated that cytotoxic T cells recognize viral antigen on the infected cells only in the context of HLA class I antigens. To test whether this mechanism is also operative in chronic hepatitis B virus infection, we studied the expression of HLA class I antigens in livers from 35 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody against HLA class I antigens. The blocking effect of monoclonal antibody against HLA class I antigens on the in vitro T cell cytotoxicity to autologous hepatocytes was also studied. The results revealed that HLA class I antigen was undetectable on the hepatocyte membrane in all of 10 HBeAg-positive carriers with minor hepatitic activity, whereas it was demonstrated in 15 (88%) of the 17 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic active liver disease and in 7 (87%) of the 8 anti-HBe-positive “normal” carriers. The in vitro T cell cytotoxicity to autologous hepatocytes in six HBeAg-positive patients with chronic active liver disease was significantly inhibited by preincubation of hepatocytes with monoclonal antibody (10 to 40 μg per ml) against HLA class I antigen, but not by monoclonal antibody against HLA class II antigens and non-HLA-associated surface molecules (Leu 11). These findings suggested that HLA class I antigens became detectable on hepatocyte membrane while significant histological activity developed in chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and that the effector cytotoxic T cells required HLA class I antigen as target structure(s).
Ernest Hart and the social thrust of Victorian medicine.
Authors: G K Behlmer
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The Bnrtish Medical Journal emerged as a powerful shaper of public opinion largely through its campaigns against perceived evil during the last third of the nineteenth century.There is no doubt that the journal's care in publicising debates on the aetiology of disease, reporting advances in medical diagnosis, and documenting refinements in surgical technique made it a vital asset to the general practitioner who, even a century ago, was already overwhelmed with the sheer volume of specialised medical literature.But the journal's rise to prominence as an advocate of what Victorians loosely termed "social progress" was especially remarkable, and for two reasons.Firstly, its transformation into an organ preoccupied with improving Britain's quality of life took place very rapidly.Secondly, the energy behind this transformation was supplied by one man, Ernest Hart,
Invitation for flexible sigmoidoscopy screening reduced colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer mortality
Authors: Robert Fletcher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Holme Ø, Løberg M, Kalager M, et al. Effect of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312:606-15. 25117129
Small-Cell Lung Cancers in Patients Who Never Smoked Cigarettes
Authors: Anna M. Varghese, Maureen F. Zakowski, Helena A. Yu, Helen H. Won, Gregory J. Riely, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, Natasha Rekhtman, Marc Ladanyi, Lu Wang, Michael F. Berger, M. Catherine Pietanza
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Differences in Admitting Hospital Characteristics for Black and White Medicare Beneficiaries With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ioana Popescu, Peter Cram, Mary S. Vaughan-Sarrazin
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Racial disparities in acute myocardial infarction treatment may be due to differences in admitting hospitals. Little is known about factors associated with hospital selection for black and white acute myocardial infarction patients. Methods and Results— We identified black and white Medicare beneficiaries with acute myocardial infarction in 63 hospital referral regions with at least 50 black admissions during 2005 (n=65 633). We calculated distance from patient home to hospital referral region hospitals using ZIP code centroids. We assessed hospital quality using a composite score made up of hospital risk-adjusted 30-day mortality and acute myocardial infarction performance measures. Hospitals with a score in the top 20% were categorized as high quality, and those in the lowest 20% as low quality. We used conditional multinomial logit models to examine differences in hospital selection for blacks and whites. On average, blacks lived closer to revascularization hospitals (mean, 3.8 versus 6.8 miles; P &lt;0.001) and to high-quality hospitals (mean, 5.6 versus 9.7 miles; P &lt;0.001). After distance was accounted for, blacks were relatively less likely ( P &lt;0.001) to be admitted to revascularization hospitals (risk ratio [RR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.95) and to high-quality hospitals (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.801 to 0.95) but more likely ( P &lt;0.001) to be admitted to low-quality hospitals (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.29). In analyses matched by home ZIP code, differences in admissions to revascularization (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.05), high-quality (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.07), and low-quality (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.35) hospitals were not significant. Conclusions— Differences in admissions to revascularization and high-quality hospitals may contribute to disparities in acute myocardial infarction care. These differences may be due in part to residential ZIP code characteristics.
Continuous fetal monitoring in the ambulant patient in labour.
Authors: A Flynn, J Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Fetal heart rate was monitored continuously in 30 ambulant women in labour by radiotelemetry. The procedure was practicable and, since contractions were less uncomfortable with the patient standing or walking about, reduced the need for analgesia. It also resulted in a more natural labour. Use of the procedure may lessen the risk of thromboembolism.
Antiemetic prophylaxis with high dose metoclopramide or lorazepam in vomiting induced by chemotherapy.
Authors: S J Bowcock, A D Stockdale, J A Bolton, A A Kang, S Retsas
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Antiemetic prophylaxis with high dose metoclopramide or lorazepam in vomiting induced by chemotherapy Emesis induced by cytotoxic agents is an important side effect that may determine a patient's acceptance of cancer chemotherapy and may be responsible for his defaulting from potentially effective treatment.Despite the availability of several antiemetic drugs, this complication is generally poorly controlled.Gralla et al found metoclopramide in high intravenous doses to be an effective anti- emetic agent, better than placebo or prochlorperazine, in chemo- therapy with cisplatin.'Maher reported the use of lorazepam in antiemetic premedication for cytotoxic treatment.2We evaluated both these drugs in a crossover study of emesis induced by cisplatin and dacarbazine, two of the most highly emetic cytotoxics. Patients, methods, and resultsWe studied 19 patients with disseminated malignant melanoma (nine men, 10 women, median age 52) requiring chemotherapy with the (B)DPV3 regimen.3Only two patients had previously received a course of adjuvant 'Latent: period in minutes from time emetic drug was given to first episode of vomiting.tActual: period in minutes from first to last episode of vomiting.'One patient in whom vomiting did not occur is not included in this group.
Validity of Canadian studies
Authors: Ranjit K Chandra
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—My detailed response to the news report by White on the validity of my studies is available on bmj.com.1 2

The report contains several inaccuracies. The typographic error of writing SE instead of SD had already been acknowledged. We did not ask the subjects to remember and recount 50 digits. I provided detailed responses to all the comments of Roberts …
Phantom Sensation With Urinary Flow
Authors: Paul K. Maloney
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The patient with urethralgia and leg pains who was taking dephenylhydantoin sodium (<b>216</b>:684, 1971) recalled a patient who had a hind-quarter amputation for sarcoma of the leg and who developed prostatitis. During the act of voiding, the patient would develop a phantom limb sensation as soon as urine flow started. Cystoscopy, when the instrument was introduced into the prostatic urethra, also elicited the phantom limb sensation, as did rectal palpation. Phantom sensations of the lower extremities are sometimes produced during the act of micturition and most often just as urinary flow starts. The prostatic urethra is the homolog of the female urethra and it fits in fairly well with the triggering of the pain in the left leg during the act of voiding in the patient discussed. While the explanation for this problem is not entirely known, my patient's phantom disappeared with the clearing of the
CITN-06: a Phase I/expansion trial of alt-803, an IL-15 superagonist, in patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Kim Margolin, Hing C Wong, Chihiro Morishima, Liza Hernandez, Marc Ernstoff, Peter R Rhode, Thomas A Waldmann
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts IL-15 activates and induces the proliferation of CD8+ T cells and NK cells. ALT-803 (Altor Bioscience, Miramar, FL) is a superagonist of IL-15 consisting of 2 molecules of IL-15 N-to-D substituted at position 72, bound to 2 molecules of the "sushi" domain of IL-15 alpha receptor
The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Characterization, Regulation, and Medical Significance
Authors: Orsolya Dohán, Antonio De la Vieja, Viktoriya Paroder, Claudia Riedel, Mona Artani, Mia Reed, Christopher S. Ginter, Nancy Carrasco
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2003)

The Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) is an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates active I(-) transport into the thyroid follicular cells, the first step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. NIS-mediated thyroidal I(-) transport from the bloodstream to the colloid is a vectorial process made possible by the selective targeting of NIS to the basolateral membrane. NIS also mediates active I(-) transport in other tissues, including salivary glands, gastric mucosa, and lactating mammary gland, in which it translocates I(-) into the milk for thyroid hormone biosynthesis by the nursing newborn. NIS provides the basis for the effective diagnostic and therapeutic management of thyroid cancer and its metastases with radioiodide. NIS research has proceeded at an astounding pace after the 1996 isolation of the rat NIS cDNA, comprising the elucidation of NIS secondary structure and topology, biogenesis and posttranslational modifications, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, electrophysiological analysis, isolation of the human NIS cDNA, and determination of the human NIS genomic organization. Clinically related topics include the analysis of congenital I(-) transport defect-causing NIS mutations and the role of NIS in thyroid cancer. NIS has been transduced into various kinds of cancer cells to render them susceptible to destruction with radioiodide. Most dramatically, the discovery of endogenous NIS expression in more than 80% of human breast cancer samples has raised the possibility that radioiodide may be a valuable novel tool in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
A New Clinical and Experimental Concept on Fat Embolism
Authors: P. Fuchsig, P. Brücke, G. Blümel, R. Gottlob
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A SURVEY on the study of fat embolism conducted in all traumatologic departments of the teaching hospitals and of the other large hospitals, as well as in all Böhler Hospitals for the treatment of cases of injury in Austria covered 263,861 hospitalized patients. The overall mortality rate was 2 per cent (5,265 cases). In all these cases an autopsy was performed as required by Austrian law. In 5 per cent of these fatal injuries (289 cases) systemic fat embolism was the principal cause of death. In 566 additional cases (10.8 per cent) fat embolism, mostly of pulmonary nature, was considered . . .
Role of nicotinic receptors and acetylcholine in mucous cell metaplasia, hyperplasia, and airway mucus formation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sravanthi Gundavarapu, Julie A. Wilder, Neerad C. Mishra, Jules Rir-sima-ah, Raymond J. Langley, Shashi P. Singh, Ali Imran Saeed, Richard J. Jaramillo, Katherine M. Gott, Juan Carlos Peña-Philippides, Kevin S. Harrod, J. Michael McIntosh, Shilpa Buch, Mohan L. Sopori
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Cytoreductive Nephrectomy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Is It Still Imperative in the Era of Targeted Therapy?
Authors: Allan J. Pantuck, Arie S. Belldegrun, Robert A. Figlin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract In the era before cytokine therapy, controversy existed about the need for cytoreductive nephrectomy in treating patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In 1978, Dekernion showed that nephrectomy alone had no effect on survival. During this period, removal of the malignant kidney was confined to palliative therapy in some settings of metastatic RCC, such as pain related to the kidney mass, intractable hematuria, erythrocytosis, uncontrolled hypertension, or poorly controlled hypercalcemia. When interleukin-2 was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1992, the role of nephrectomy was reexamined. After a decade of controversy, two randomized controlled studies established that cytoreductive surgery has a role in properly selected patients and offers a survival advantage when done before cytokine therapy. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying this benefit remain poorly understood. Immunotherapy may work best when there is a small volume of cancer present, and removing a large primary tumor may prevent the seeding of additional metastases. Data have also suggested that primary tumors were capable of producing immunosuppressive compounds that might decrease the efficacy of immunotherapy. Another hypothesis suggested that removing the kidney altered the acid/base status of the patient to such an extent that the growth of the tumor was hindered. With the emergence in 2006 of two targeted agents for advanced renal cell carcinoma, the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy has reemerged as a source of controversy. Although evidence-based medical practice suggests a role for nephrectomy before the use of targeted agents, the arguments for and against this practice will be weighed.
Physician Deaths Under the Age of 50 Years: Information From the Obituaries
Authors: Richard C. Hermann
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have received inquiries regarding the obituary listings in recent issues of<i>JAMA</i>. A reader observed that 15 of the 93 deaths (16%) listed in the April 15 issue were male physicians younger than the age of 50 years. The following questions were raised: Have<i>JAMA</i>obituaries shown an increase in the number of deaths in this population? Were these deaths caused by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Finally,<i>JAMA</i>used to publish the cause of death in the obituary column; why does this practice not continue today? Information for the obituaries published in<i>JAMA</i>comes from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile, which maintains current and historical data on all US physicians. The Masterfile includes the cause of death for some but not all deceased physicians.<i>JAMA</i>does not publish the cause of death because of the unreliability of sources for this information, including death certificates, newspaper
Effect of exercise on valvular resistance in patients with mitral stenosis
Authors: Wolfram Voelker, Armin Berner, Cand Med, Birgitta Regele, Michale Schmid, Herbert Dittamann, Tilmann Stötzer, Karl K. Haase, Andreas Baumbach, Karl R. Karsch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
IgA Antibasement Membrane Nephritis with Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Authors: WAYNE A. BORDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Goodpasture's syndrome has characteristically been described as being mediated by IgG antibodies. We have recently seen a 55-year-old man who developed renal failure and hemoptysis; a renal biopsy showed linear deposits of IgA and C3 involving glomerular and tubular basement membrane. Serologic tests for detecting (IgG) antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies were negative. Elution studies of kidney and lung showed the presence of an IgA antibasement membrane antibody only. The patient's serum contained IgA, but not IgG, antibodies reactive with glomerular and tubular basement membrane of normal human kidney and alveolar basement membrane of normal human lung. Attempts to transfer disease with the patients's IgA antibody to a monkey and to Lewis and Brown-Norway rats were unsuccessful. Immunoglobulin A antibasement membrane antibody must be considered in the design of immunoserologic procedures for the diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome.