tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Using a Subcutaneous Glucose Sensor and Intraperitoneal Insulin Delivery
Authors: Eric Renard, Jerome Place, Martin Cantwell, Hugues Chevassus, Cesar C. Palerm
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Attempts to build an artificial pancreas by using subcutaneous insulin delivery from a portable pump guided by an subcutaneous glucose sensor have encountered delays and variability of insulin absorption. We tested closed-loop intraperitoneal insulin infusion from an implanted pump driven by an subcutaneous glucose sensor via a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two-day closed-loop therapy (except for a 15-min premeal manual bolus) was compared with a 1-day control phase with intraperitoneal open-loop insulin delivery, according to randomized order, in a hospital setting in eight type 1 diabetic patients treated by implanted pumps. The percentage of time spent with blood glucose in the 4.4–6.6 mmol/l range was the primary end point. RESULTS During the closed-loop phases, the mean ± SEM percentage of time spent with blood glucose in the 4.4–6.6 mmol/l range was significantly higher (39.1 ± 4.5 vs. 27.7 ± 6.2%, P = 0.05), and overall dispersion of blood glucose values was reduced among patients. Better closed-loop glucose control came from the time periods excluding the two early postprandial hours with a higher percentage of time in the 4.4–6.6 mmol/l range (46.3 ± 5.3 vs. 28.6 ± 7.4, P = 0.025) and lower mean blood glucose levels (6.9 ± 0.3 vs. 7.9 ± 0.6 mmol/l, P = 0.036). Time spent with blood glucose &amp;lt;3.3 mmol/l was low and similar for both investigational phases. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the feasibility of intraperitoneal insulin delivery for an artificial β-cell and support the need for further study. Moreover, according to a semiautomated mode, the features of the premeal bolus in terms of timing and amount warrant further research.
Study Affirms Pharma's Influence on Physicians
Authors: J. D. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

Physicians are under more intense financial pressure than ever to prescribe pharmaceutical manufacturers’ expensive new drugs even when cheaper, more established drugs may be at least as effective. Coupled with psychological or social pressure that may distort a doctor’s judgment, the influence of free gifts and subtle economic incentives may have financial costs, according to several recent studies on the interactions be tween doctors and drug company representatives.
Nutritional Factors and Preservation of C-Peptide in Youth With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Dana Dabelea, Jamie L. Crandell, Tessa Crume, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Lawrence Dolan, Irena B. King, Jean M. Lawrence, Jill M. Norris, Catherine Pihoker, Natalie The
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To test the novel hypothesis that nutritional factors previously associated with type 1 diabetes etiology or with insulin secretion are prospectively associated with fasting C-peptide (FCP) concentration among youth recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Included were 1,316 youth with autoantibody-positive type 1 diabetes who participated in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study (baseline disease duration, 9.9 months; SD, 6.3). Nutritional exposures included breastfeeding and age at introduction of complementary foods, baseline plasma long-chain omega-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), vitamin D, vitamin E, and, from a baseline food frequency questionnaire, estimated intake of the branched-chain amino acid leucine and total carbohydrate. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to relate each nutritional factor to baseline FCP adjusted for demographics, disease-related factors, and other confounders. Prospective analyses included the subset of participants with preserved β-cell function at baseline (baseline FCP ≥0.23 ng/mL) with additional adjustment for baseline FCP and time (mean follow-up, 24.3 months; SD, 8.2; n = 656). FCP concentration was analyzed as log(FCP). RESULTS In adjusted prospective analyses, baseline EPA (P = 0.02), EPA plus DHA (P = 0.03), and leucine (P = 0.03) were each associated positively and significantly with FCP at follow-up. Vitamin D was unexpectedly inversely associated with FCP (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Increased intake of branched-chain amino acids and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids may support preservation of β-cell function. This represents a new direction for research to improve prognosis for type 1 diabetes.
Spectrum of gluten-sensitive enteropathy in first-degree relatives of patients with coeliac disease: clinical relevance of lymphocytic enteritis
Authors: M Esteve, M Rosinach, F Fernandez-Banares, C Farre, A Salas, M Alsina, P Vilar, A Abad-Lacruz, M Forne, M Marine, R Santaolalla, J C Espinos, J M Viver
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Limited data on a short series of patients suggest that lymphocytic enteritis (classically considered as latent coeliac disease) may produce symptoms of malabsorption, although the true prevalence of this situation is unknown. Serological markers of coeliac disease are of little diagnostic value in identifying these patients. <b>Aims:</b> To evaluate the usefulness of human leucocyte antigen-DQ2 genotyping followed by duodenal biopsy for the detection of gluten-sensitive enteropathy in first-degree relatives of patients with coeliac disease and to assess the clinical relevance of lymphocytic enteritis diagnosed with this screening strategy. <b>Patients and methods:</b> 221 first-degree relatives of 82 DQ2+ patients with coeliac disease were consecutively included. Duodenal biopsy (for histological examination and tissue transglutaminase antibody assay in culture supernatant) was carried out on all DQ2+ relatives. Clinical features, biochemical parameters and bone mineral density were recorded. <b>Results:</b> 130 relatives (58.8%) were DQ2+, showing the following histological stages: 64 (49.2%) Marsh 0; 32 (24.6%) Marsh I; 1 (0.8%) Marsh II; 13 (10.0%) Marsh III; 15.4% refused the biopsy. 49 relatives showed gluten sensitive enteropathy, 46 with histological abnormalities and 3 with Marsh 0 but positive tissue transglutaminase antibody in culture supernatant. Only 17 of 221 relatives had positive serological markers. Differences in the diagnostic yield between the proposed strategy and serology were significant (22.2% <i>v</i> 7.2%, p&lt;0.001). Relatives with Marsh I and Marsh II–III were more often symptomatic (56.3% and 53.8%, respectively) than relatives with normal mucosa (21.1%; p = 0.002). Marsh I relatives had more severe abdominal pain (p = 0.006), severe distension (p = 0.047) and anaemia (p = 0.038) than those with Marsh 0. The prevalence of abnormal bone mineral density was similar in relatives with Marsh I (37%) and Marsh III (44.4%). <b>Conclusions:</b> The high number of symptomatic patients with lymphocytic enteritis (Marsh I) supports the need for a strategy based on human leucocyte antigen-DQ2 genotyping followed by duodenal biopsy in relatives of patients with coeliac disease and modifies the current concept that villous atrophy is required to prescribe a gluten-free diet.
UK hospital infection rates are down from 1993-4 rates
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Rates of nosocomial infections in the United Kingdom are falling. Preliminary results of a survey from early 2006 of hospital infections in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and also the Republic of Ireland show a fall from 9% in 1993-4 to 7.6%. It also showed that of these countries Ireland had the lowest rate of infections.

The third prevalence survey of healthcare associated infections in acute hospitals was carried out earlier this year by the Hospital Infection Society and the Infection Control Nurses Association. It was funded by …
Signs of inflammation in both symptomatic and asymptomatic muscles from patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: C Dorph, P Englund, I Nennesmo, I E Lundberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

To determine whether muscle weakness is correlated with inflammation, expression of interleukin 1alpha (IL1alpha) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigens on muscle fibres.Biopsy specimens from clinically symptomatic (proximal muscles) and asymptomatic (all distal but two proximal) muscles in eight patients with polymyositis, three patients with dermatomyositis and six healthy controls were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of T cells and macrophages, and expression of IL1alpha and of MHC class I and II antigens.were evaluated by conventional light microscopy and by computerised image analysis. Results: Inflammatory infiltrates with T cells and macrophages were observed to an equal degree in both symptomatic and asymptomatic muscle. The numbers of capillaries with IL1alpha expression were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the symptomatic and asymptomatic muscles of patients than in controls. The total IL1alpha expression per tissue section assessed by computerised image analysis was significantly higher in symptomatic muscles but not in asymptomatic muscles compared with that in controls. Neither the number of IL1alpha-positive capillaries nor the total IL1alpha expression differed significantly between symptomatic and asymptomatic muscles. Expression of MHC class I and II antigens on muscle fibres was detected in both symptomatic and asymptomatic muscles but rarely in healthy controls.Presence of inflammatory infiltrates, T cells and macrophages, and expression of MHC class I and II antigens and of IL1alpha on muscle fibres were independent of clinical symptoms, and were present to an equal degree in both proximal and distal muscles. Thus, other factors seem to determine the development of clinical symptoms. One such factor could be variations in physical demands.
Comparison of ranitidine and cimetidine in the inhibition of histamine, sham-feeding, and meal-induced gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: S J Konturek, W Obtulowicz, N Kwiecien, E Sito, E Mikos, J Oleksy
Journal: Gut (1980)

The effects of ranitidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist which does not contain an imidazole ring, and cimetidine have been determined on histamine, meal-induced gastric acid secretion, and serum gastrin levels in duodenal ulcer patients. Compared with cimetidine, ranitidine was found to be about eight times more potent an inhibitor of histamine-induced secretion and four to five times more potent an inhibitor of sham-feeding, and real feeding induced acid secretion without effecting serum gastrin levels.
Impact of Left Ventricular Unloading After Late Reperfusion of Canine Anterior Myocardial Infarction on Remodeling and Function Using Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate
Authors: Bodh I. Jugdutt, Mohammad I. Khan, S. Joanne Jugdutt, Gordon E. Blinston
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Late reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction results in delayed recovery of ventricular function and less remodeling, whereas ventricular unloading with nitrates improves function and attenuates remodeling. Whether late reperfusion combined with prolonged unloading with isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) might produce greater functional recovery and less remodeling than late reperfusion alone is not known. Methods and Results In vivo left ventricular function and topography (echocardiograms), postmortem topography (planimetry), and collagen (hydroxyproline) were measured in dogs that were randomized to reperfusion 2 hours after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, and ISMN (n=12) or placebo (n=12) was given as 25 mg IV over 4 hours followed by 50 mg PO QID for 6 weeks. Compared with placebo, the ISMN group had similar heart rate but lower left atrial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and rate-pressure products. Although in vivo baseline remodeling and functional parameters were similar in the two groups, by 6 weeks the ISMN group had smaller ( P ≤.05) infarct and noninfarct segment lengths, ventricular volumes, and mass; less ( P &lt;.001) asynergy; and greater ( P &lt;.001) ejection fraction. More important, by 2 days, ejection fraction was 18% greater ( P &lt;.025) and asynergy 26% less ( P &lt;.05) with ISMN. At 6 weeks, ISMN showed less ( P ≤.05) scar size, scar collagen, cavity dilation, noninfarct wall thickness, and apical bulging than placebo. In another 4 dogs, acute ISMN produced less improvement in function and remodeling than prolonged ISMN. Conclusions Late reperfusion of acute anterior myocardial infarction combined with prolonged ISMN unloading results in greater and earlier recovery of ventricular function and less remodeling than late reperfusion alone.
Methacholine responsiveness, respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in aluminum potroom workers
Authors: J Kongerud, V Soyseth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

The relationship between nonspecific bronchial reactivity and work-related asthmatic symptoms was examined in a cross-sectional study of 337 aluminium potroom workers by a shortened method of continuous methacholine nebulization. The provocative concentration producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PC20) was less than or equal to 8 mg.ml-1 (hyperresponsiveness) in 17 workers (5%), whilst minor responsiveness (8 mg.ml-1 less than PC20 less than 32 mg.ml-1) was present in 24 subjects (7%). The prevalence of work-related asthmatic symptoms was 9%. Female sex, ex-smoker and airflow limitation were significant predictors of methacholine responsiveness (p less than 0.05). In a multiple logistic regression analysis the odds ratios (OR) for work-related asthmatic symptoms was 10.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.9-40.6) for hyperresponsiveness and 4.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.2-16.4) for minor responsiveness. The sensitivity, specificity and predictivity of PC20 less than 32 mg.ml-1 for work-related asthmatic symptoms were 35, 92 and 35%, respectively, whilst the agreement, when adjusted for the by chance expectation, was 0.27 (95% confidence interval: 0.10-0.54). Although a significant association was found between bronchial reactivity and work-related asthmatic symptoms, the usefulness of the methacholine test as a tool for detection of work-related asthmatic symptoms appears to be of limited value due to its low sensitivity.
Nonwindowed Nonremovable Fiberglass Off-Loading Cast Versus Removable Pneumatic Cast (AircastXP Diabetic Walker) in the Treatment of Neuropathic Noninfected Plantar Ulcers
Authors: Carlo Caravaggi, Adriana Sganzaroli, Matteo Fabbi, Paola Cavaiani, Ileana Pogliaghi, Roberto Ferraresi, Francesca Capello, Alberto Morabito
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Neuropathic plantar ulcers are classical lesions secondary to diabetic polyneuropathy (1,2). The worldwide gold standard treatment is the nonremovable off-loading cast (3–5). However, the device is not widely used due to concerns related to risk factors of the off-loading cast (i.e., joint rigidity, additional ulcer formation beneath the cast, and infection of the ulcer enclosed in the cast). Our group recently demonstrated that it is possible to reduce the risk of side effects reported in literature by constructing the off-loading cast using fiberglass bandages of different rigidity. Considering the device’s scarce application because of the side effects, we conducted a controlled, randomized, prospective trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a removable pneumatic cast walker in comparison with a nonremovable fiberglass off-loading cast.

Between January 2005 and October 2005, 60 consecutive diabetic patients with neuropathic plantar ulcers were seen and randomly assigned to two groups: group A, using an Aircast Pneumatic Walker (XP Diabetic Walker); and group B, using the fiberglass off-loading cast.

All participants had peripheral neuropathy, as highlighted by insensitivity to 10 g monofilament and vibration perception threshold measured by biothesiometer at malleolus of at least 25 volts, and presented …
Squamous cell carcinoma complicating discoid lupus erythematosus in Chinese patients: Review of the literature, 1964-2010
Authors: Juan Tao, Xilin Zhang, Nengqiang Guo, Siyuan Chen, Changzheng Huang, Liduan Zheng, Ya Li, Guangfen Xu, Yali Ren, Liu Yang, Firasamine Hamze, Fei Yan, Yating Tu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Injury risk in Danish youth and senior elite handball using a new SMS text messages approach
Authors: Merete Moller, Jorn Attermann, Grethe Myklebust, Niels Wedderkopp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

To assess the injury incidence in elite handball, and if gender and previous injuries are risk factors for new injuries.Cohort study of 517 male and female elite handball players (age groups under (u)16, u-18 and senior). Participants completed a web survey establishing injury history, demographic information and sports experience, and provided weekly reports of time-loss injuries and handball exposure for 31 weeks by short message service text messaging (SMS). Injuries were further classified by telephone interview.The weekly response rate ranged from 85% to 90% illustrating the promise of the SMS system as a tool in injury surveillance. Of 448 reported injuries, 165 injuries (37%) were overuse injuries and 283 (63%) traumatic injuries. Knee (19%) and ankle (29%) were the most common traumatic injuries. The injury incidence during match play was 23.5 (95% CI 17.8 to 30.4), 15.1 (95% CI 9.7 to 22.2), 11.1 (95% CI 7.0 to 16.6) injuries per 1000 match hours among senior, u-18 and u-16 players, respectively. U-18 male players had an overall 1.76 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.80) times higher risk of injury compared to females. Having had two or more previous injuries causing absence from handball for more than 4 weeks increased the risk of new injury in the u-16 group (IRR: 1.79 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.11)-2.23 (95% CI 1.22 to 4.10)).The incidence of time-loss injuries in elite handball was higher during match play than previously reported in recreational handball. Previous injuries were a risk factor for new injuries among u-16 players. Male players had a significant higher injury rate in the u-18 group.
Distribution of the long leptin receptor isoform in brush border, basolateral membrane, and cytoplasm of enterocytes
Authors: J Barrenetxe
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background and aim:</b> Leptin, a hormone mainly produced by fat cells, acts primarily on the hypothalamus regulating energy expenditure and food intake. Leptin receptors are expressed in several tissues and the possible physiological role of leptin is being extensively investigated, with the result that important peripheral actions of the hormone in the organism are being discovered. Recent studies have demonstrated leptin and leptin receptor expression in gastric epithelial cells. In the present study, we report the presence of the long leptin receptor isoform (OB-Rb) in human, rat, and mouse small intestine, supporting the hypothesis of leptin as a hormone involved in gastrointestinal function. <b>Methods:</b> The presence of the leptin receptor was determined by immunocytochemical methods using antibodies against the peptide corresponding to the carboxy terminus of the long isoform of the leptin receptor. Human duodenal biopsies from normal individuals undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy, and intestinal fragments of Wistar rats and Swiss mice were processed for the study. <b>Results:</b> Immunoreactivity for the long leptin receptor isoform was observed in the three studied species. Staining was located throughout the cytoplasm of the enterocytes, of both villi and crypts, and in the basolateral plasma membrane. Immunolabelling for OB-Rb protein was also found in the brush border of human enterocytes of formol and paraformaldehyde fixed samples. <b>Conclusion:</b> This report demonstrates the presence of the long leptin receptor isoform in the absorptive cells of rat, mouse, and human small intestine, suggesting that leptin could have a physiological role in the regulation of nutrient absorption.
Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease. II. Prevalence of peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, and ankylosing spondylitis in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: B J Dekker-Saeys, S G Meuwissen, E M Van Den Berg-Loonen, W H De Haas, D Agenant, G N Tytgat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

To establish the prevalence of peripheral arthritis, radiographic sacroiliitis, and ankylosing spondylitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 58 consecutive patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC) and 51 with Crohn's disease (CD) underwent a detailed rheumatological examination. In addition, all patients were screened for the presence of the antigen HLA B27. Peripheral arthritis was found in 14 (8 UC, 6 CD) patients (12.8%); radiographic sacroiliitis was diagnosed in 11 (5 UC, 6 CD) (10.1%), of whom 10 were asymptomatic; and ankylosing spondylitis was diagnosed in 2 UC and 2 CD patients (3.7%). 18.9% of the UC and 3.9% of the CD patients were HLA B27 positive. One of the 11 patients with radiographic sacroiliitis and 2 of the 4 with ankylosing spondylitis had the HLA B27 antigen. Peripheral arthritis, radiographic sacroiliitis, and ankylosing spondylitis are apparently frequent manifestations in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Asymptomatic radiographic sacroiliitis in these patients appears to differ from idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis, both clinically and genetically. Evaluation of subjective rheumatological complaints, necessary for a confident diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, according to the New York criteria is difficult during a flare-up of the inflammatory bowel process, as was shown in 4 CD cases with marked limitation of lumbovertebral function and chest expansion, but no radiological abnormalities of the SI joints.
A CASE OF GONORRHŒAL KERATOSIS
Authors: A. WINKELRIED WILLIAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1910)

Journal Article A CASE OF GONORRHŒAL KERATOSIS Get access A. WINKELRIED WILLIAMS, M.B. A. WINKELRIED WILLIAMS, M.B. Dermatologist, Sussex County Hospital, etc Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 22, Issue 12, 1 December 1910, Pages 369–373, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1910.tb16601.x Published: 01 December 1910
Defective jejunal brush border membrane sodium/proton exchange in association with lethal familial protracted diarrhoea.
Authors: K M Keller, S Wirth, W Baumann, D Sule, I W Booth
Journal: Gut (1990)

The spectrum of clinical disease associated with specific defects in jejunal brush border membrane sodium/proton exchange is poorly defined and only two patients have been described so far. Jejunal brush border membrane transport studies were performed in a boy who presented with lethal familial protracted diarrhoea in the first few days of life. Using jejunal brush border membrane vesicles prepared from conventional jejunal biopsy specimens, initial sodium uptake under H+ gradient conditions was found to be only 6% of the mean control value. In contrast, sodium stimulated glucose uptake was normal. Our data confirm the importance of a congenital defect in this exchanger as a cause of severe sodium-losing diarrhoea and extend the spectrum of disorders characterised by a specific defect in brush border membrane Na+/H+ exchange to include some forms of lethal familial protracted diarrhoea.