tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What colour-mari are your stools?
Authors: Erle C H Lim, Raymond C S Seet, Benjamin K C Ong, Vernon M S Oh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Additional spinal manipulation in a primary care based osteopathy clinic was more effective than usual care alone for subacute spinal pain at two months but not at six months. 4Mean healthcare costs attributed to spinal pain for the six month trial were £129 for osteopathy and £64 for usual care.The authors estimated the cost as £3560 per QALY for osteopathy, but this was subject to a high random error.The UK back pain exercise and manipulation trial compared Roland Morris disability scores after spinal manipulation, exercise classes, or manipulation followed by exercise in addition to care for chronic back pain by general practitioners. 5Exercise was superior to primary care at three months but not after a year.Manipulation and manipulation followed by exercise were significantly better than primary care at three and 12 months.Effect sizes were small to moderate.The mean incremental treatment cost relative to general practitioner care was £195 for manipulation, £140 for exercise, and £125 for combined treatment.The authors estimated the cost per QALY relative to general practitioner care as £3800 for combined treatment and £4800 for manipulation.Exercise alone was more expensive and achieved less than combined treatment.
Hyponatremia and seizures in young children given ddavp
Authors: Thomas J. Smith, Joan C. Gill, Daniel R. Ambruso, William E. Hathaway
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Desmopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic vasopressin, temporarily corrects bleeding abnormalities associated with mild hemophilia A, von Willebrand disease, and disorders of platelet function. The side effects of DDAVP are considered benign although most of its use has been in adults and older children. We report four children under the age of 2 years who became hyponatremic after intravenous DDAVP administration (0.3 μg/kg). Three of them developed grand mal seizures. A review of the literature and these cases indicate that associated risk factors for hyponatremia after DDAVP administration include stress, surgery, anesthesia and narcotics (endogenous release of antidiuretic hormone), vomiting (loss of Na+), liver disease (hindered metabolism of DDAVP), renal tubular acidosis (chronically low serum Na+), multiple doses of DDAVP, and overhydration with hyponatremic fluids. DDAVP is not a benign drug in this age group and shows a serious potential for hyponatremia and seizures. Fluid restriction, avoidance of hyponatremic solutions, and close monitoring of serum electrolytes and urine output for at least 15–20 hr after the administration of DDAVP, when used in children under the age of 2 years, is warranted.
THE ANCIENT USE OF ANTISEPTICS.
Authors: EDAVARD ANDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

During the meeting of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, held in Rockville last November, I called the attention of the members to page 98 of Bartholomew Parr's London Dictionary, reprinted in Philadelpha in 1819, where he says—calomel mixed with starch and strewed on a pledget of lint is perhaps the best application to the stump of an amputated limb, placing mercury in the same category with the knife and the ligature. The starch, of course, was added to give bulk, so that a large surface might be covered without the risk of ptyalism. Parr also recommends pyroligneous acid in the treatment of wounds. I rarely use anything but calomel as an antiseptic and I defy any one to produce a better. My uncle, the late Dr. John W. Anderson, of this town, sixty years ago invariably used either calomel or brown sugar in the treatment of wounds. Antiseptics
Diffuse enteric ischemia due to Wegener’s granulomatosis revealed by capsule endoscopy (with video)
Authors: C. Liatsos, N. Kyriakos, I. Vasilakos, G. Veloudis, D. Patrikos, C. Fragopoulos, D. Tambakopoulos, E. Panagou
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 26-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history presented with arthralgia and abdominal pain. Two days after admission, while under investigation for multiple arthritis, he suffered hematochezia, weakness, and low blood pressure. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed no abnormalities, but colonoscopy and retrograde ileoscopy revealed clots of blood through the whole enteric lumen. No sign of active bleeding was found. Mesenteric angiography was normal. Capsule endoscopy was performed 2 days later and revealed findings compatible with enteric ischemia (necrotic areas of mucosa, diffuse ulceration and blood in the lumen), mainly in the ileum ([Figs. 1], [2]; [Video 1]). A few days later, due to severe deterioration of his condition (acute abdomen), the patient underwent surgery. Surgical exploration revealed intraluminal inflammation, ulcerations, and necrotic areas in several sites in the ileum, in agreement with the findings of capsule endoscopy. A partial enterectomy with ileostomy was performed. Histological examination of the resected ileum showed injuries to the enteric wall and the mesentery of the terminal ileum compatible with necrotic–granulomatous vasculitis of small and intermediate-sized vessels (Wegener’s granulomatosis) ([Figs. 3], [4]).
Mineralocorticoids, hypertension, and cardiac fibrosis.
Authors: M Young, M Fullerton, R Dilley, J Funder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Uninephrectomized rats drinking 1% sodium chloride were given aldosterone (Aldo, 0.75 microgram/h, subcutaneous [s.c.] infusion), deoxycorticosterone (DOC, 20 mg/wk, s.c.), corticosterone (B, 2 mg/d, s.c.), or the antiglucocorticoid-antiprogestin RU486 (2 mg/d, s.c.) for 8 wk, and hemodynamic and tissue responses were compared with a non-steroid-treated control group. Aldo and DOC markedly increased systolic BP and caused considerable (40-50%) cardiac hypertrophy; B and RU486 caused neither hypertension nor cardiac hypertrophy. Measurements of ventricular cross-sectional areas showed hypertrophy due to an increase in mass of the left ventricle only. Cardiac hydroxyproline concentration was increased considerably by Aldo and DOC, to a lesser degree by RU486, and not by B. Aldo markedly elevated left ventricular interstitial collagen (2.5-fold vs control, P < 0.01 vs all groups); other steroid treatments also increased interstitial collagen over control (DOC x 1.8-, RU486 x 1.6-, B x 1.3-fold), with identical responses for right and left ventricles (r = 0.94). A different pattern of perivascular fibrosis was noted; DOC elevated perivascular collagen (2.1-fold vs control, P < 0.01 vs all other groups); RU486 raised levels 1.4-fold vs control, but neither Aldo nor B significantly affected perivascular collagen. These data are consistent with interstitial cardiac fibrosis reflecting type I (mineralocorticoid) receptor occupancy by administered Aldo or DOC, or by elevated endogenous B after type II (glucocorticoid) receptor blockade after RU486 administration; perivascular fibrosis may reflect a composite response after type I receptor agonist/type II glucocorticoid receptor antagonist occupancy.
THE EFFECT OF DYES ON THE CALCIFICATION OF HYPERTROPHIC RACHITIC CARTILAGE IN VITRO
Authors: Zelma B. Miller, Jerome Waldman, Franklin C. McLean
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

The calcification of rat hypertrophic cartilage slices in vitro is markedly inhibited by preliminary exposure to metachromatic and other basic dyes. The dyes are effective at 10–3 to 10–4 M in the absence of calcium and phosphate. This inhibition does not occur at the same low dye concentration if calcium and phosphate are present. Neither ion alone is effective in preventing the inhibition. The inhibitory action can be removed by placing slices which have been treated with basic dye in a solution which contains calcium and phosphate ions, plus an acid dye, Orange G. Most acid dyes do not inhibit calcification, except at very high concentrations. Alizarin and quinalizarin are exceptional, and produce marked inhibition at 10–3 M, an effect which is perhaps attributable to the tendency of these dyes to form lakes with calcium. Rachitic cartilage slices which no longer calcify in inorganic phosphate as a result of treatment with basic dyes show normal calcification in the presence of organic phosphate esters. These results are discussed in terms of the possibility that chondroitin sulfate ester participates in normal calcification.
Ability, Not Disability— The Key to Rehabilitation
Authors: Arthur L. Watkins
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE ATTITUDE which focuses on ability rather than disability is not new to members of a rehabilitation team. Usually the first step in the medical treatment of a patient with a physical or emotional handicap is to utilize all medical, surgical, and mechanical means to minimize the disability and to develop maximum independence. This means the prescription of physiatric measures, including physical and occupational therapy to hasten in developing good functional levels of muscular strength, coordination, and skill. The prescription may include certain orthotic or prosthetic devices plus the use of adaptive equipment when indicated. Even before this optimum level of function is realized by the patient, it is wise for the physician in charge to set a focus on the eventual rehabilitation goal. For some individuals this will be optimum self-independence. For others it will be a suitable vocational goal. Establishing a correct prognosis for a large variety of
HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN REDUCES OXIDATIVE STRESS DURING ACUTE PHASE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Luiz S&eacute;rgio F. Carvalho, Naiara Viudes Garcia Martins, Natalia Baratella Panzoldo, Eliana Cotta de Faria, Jos&eacute; Carlos Quin&aacute;glia Silva, Andrei Sposito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Dismissing subliminal perception because of its famous problems is classic “baby with the bathwater”
Authors: Matthew Finkbeiner, Max Coltheart
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Newell &amp; Shanks (N&amp;S) appeal to well-known problems in establishing subliminality to argue that there is little convincing evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can affect decision making. We discuss how recent studies have successfully addressed these well-known problems and, in turn, have revealed clear evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can affect decision making.
Short-Acting Nifedipine and Diltiazem Do Not Reduce the Incidence of Cardiac Events in Patients With Healed Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kinji Ishikawa, Shoji Nakai, Toshihiko Takenaka, Ken Kanamasa, Junkichi Hama, Iwao Ogawa, Tadahiko Yamamoto, Miki Oyaizu, Akio Kimura, Kentaro Yamamoto, Hiroshi Yabushita, Ryo Katori
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The administration of calcium antagonists to patients with healed myocardial infarction is a controversial treatment. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of short-acting nifedipine and diltiazem on cardiac events in patients with healed myocardial infarction. Methods and Results A controlled clinical open trial of 1115 patients with healed myocardial infarction was carried out between 1986 and 1994. The patients included 595 who received no calcium antagonist, 341 who received short-acting nifedipine 30 mg/d, and 179 who received short-acting diltiazem 90 mg/d. The primary end points were cardiac events, which were defined as fatal or nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction; death from congestive heart failure; sudden death; and hospitalization because of worsening angina, congestive heart failure, or premature ventricular contractions. Cardiac events occurred in 51 patients (8.6%) in the no-calcium-antagonist group and 54 (10.4%) in the calcium-antagonist group (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.85), demonstrating that the calcium antagonists did not reduce the incidence of cardiac events. Subgroup analysis revealed no beneficial effects of these drugs for reducing cardiac events in patients with such complications as hypertension or angina pectoris. Conclusions This study showed that use of short-acting nifedipine and diltiazem in this postmyocardial infarction population was associated with a 24% higher cardiac event rate, but this strong adverse trend did not reach statistical significance.
Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ralf Gold, Ludwig Kappos, Douglas L. Arnold, Amit Bar-Or, Gavin Giovannoni, Krzysztof Selmaj, Carlo Tornatore, Marianne T. Sweetser, Minhua Yang, Sarah I. Sheikh, Katherine T. Dawson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) was shown to have antiinflammatory and cytoprotective properties in preclinical experiments and to result in significant reductions in disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a phase 2, placebo-controlled study involving patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study involving patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral BG-12 at a dose of 240 mg twice daily, BG-12 at a dose of 240 mg three times daily, or placebo. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who had a relapse by 2 years. Other end points included the annualized relapse rate, the time to confirmed progression of disability, and findings on MRI.The estimated proportion of patients who had a relapse was significantly lower in the two BG-12 groups than in the placebo group (27% with BG-12 twice daily and 26% with BG-12 thrice daily vs. 46% with placebo, P<0.001 for both comparisons). The annualized relapse rate at 2 years was 0.17 in the twice-daily BG-12 group and 0.19 in the thrice-daily BG-12 group, as compared with 0.36 in the placebo group, representing relative reductions of 53% and 48% with the two BG-12 regimens, respectively (P<0.001 for the comparison of each BG-12 regimen with placebo). The estimated proportion of patients with confirmed progression of disability was 16% in the twice-daily BG-12 group, 18% in the thrice-daily BG-12 group, and 27% in the placebo group, with significant relative risk reductions of 38% with BG-12 twice daily (P=0.005) and 34% with BG-12 thrice daily (P=0.01). BG-12 also significantly reduced the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions and of new or enlarging T(2)-weighted hyperintense lesions (P<0.001 for the comparison of each BG-12 regimen with placebo). Adverse events associated with BG-12 included flushing and gastrointestinal events, such as diarrhea, nausea, and upper abdominal pain, as well as decreased lymphocyte counts and elevated liver aminotransferase levels.In patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, both BG-12 regimens, as compared with placebo, significantly reduced the proportion of patients who had a relapse, the annualized relapse rate, the rate of disability progression, and the number of lesions on MRI. (Funded by Biogen Idec; DEFINE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00420212.).
Flow‐assisted diagnostic management of anaphylaxis from rocuronium bromide
Authors: D. G. Ebo, C. H. Bridts, M. M. Hagendorens, C. H. Mertens, L. S. De Clerck, W. J. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Diagnosis of anaphylaxis from neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) is not always straightforward. Objectives: To assess flow cytometric analysis of activated basophils (BAT) as a diagnostic instrument in anaphylaxis from rocuronium. To investigate whether the technique might help to identify cross‐reactive and safe alternative compounds. Methods: For validation of the BAT, 14 patients with perioperative anaphylaxis demonstrating a positive skin test (ST) for rocuronium and eight individuals that tolerated rocuronium and a negative ST for this drug were enrolled. To confirm specificity of the BAT, five patients that tolerated atracurium or cisatracurium with a negative ST for rocuronium were tested. Basophil activation with rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium, cisatracurium and suxamethonium was analysed flow cytometrically by labelling with anti‐CD123/anti‐HLADR/anti‐CD63. Results: Sensitivity of BAT for rocuronium was 91.7% and specificity 100%. However, in two patients the BAT was lost as a diagnostic tool, as their cells were nonresponsive to positive control stimulation and allergen. Seven from the 12 responsive patients also demonstrated a clear basophilic activation for vecuronium. Moreover, according to ST and/or BAT cross‐reactivity between rocuronium and vecuronium was suspected in 10/14 patients. Except one patient, all patients had negative BAT and ST investigations for atracurium and cisatracurium. Currently, five patients tolerated administration of cisatracurium. All control individuals demonstrated negative ST and BAT for all tested NMBA. Conclusions: The BAT constitutes a reliable instrument to diagnose anaphylaxis from rocuronium. The technique also allows quick and simultaneous testing of different potential cross‐reactive NMBA and to tailor a safe alternative.
Mechanisms of reduced pulmonary function after a saturation dive
Authors: E Thorsen, K Segadal, BK Kambestad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Deep saturation diving has been shown to have prolonged effects on pulmonary function. We wanted to assess the relative contribution of various factors that could contribute to these effects. Pulmonary function was, therefore, measured before and after 17 different saturation diving operations to depths of 5-450 m of sea water, corresponding to absolute pressures of 0.15-4.6 MPa. Four to fifteen divers participated in each operation. The measurements included static and dynamic lung volumes and flows, transfer factor of the lungs for carbon monoxide (TLCO), and closing volume. The dives were characterized by the cumulative hyperoxic and hyperbaric exposures, and the load of venous gas microemboli encountered during decompression was measured in 41 divers in three dives to 0.25, 1.2 and 3.7 MPa. TLCO was reduced by 8.3 +/- 7.0% mean +/- SD after the dives, this correlated with cumulative hyperoxic exposure and load of venous gas microembolism, independently of each other. Closing volume was increased and forced mid-expiratory flow rate reduced, in correlation with cumulative hyperoxic exposure. An increase in total lung capacity correlated with cumulative hyperbaric exposure. We conclude that hyperoxia, hyperbaria, and venous gas microembolism all contribute to the changes in pulmonary function after a single saturation dive, and all may explain some of the long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function.
A NEW SPLINT FOR NASAL FRACTURES AND DEFORMITIES.
Authors: JESSE HAWES
Journal: JAMA (1897)

A suture uniting the superior and inferior margins of the conjunctiva introduced; a rondelle of antisep- tic cotton wool previously moistened with distilled water is inserted between the lids and a compressive bandage applied, and permitted to remain for twenty- four or thirty-six hours.The stitches uniting the superior and inferior mar- gins of the conjunctiva are generally removed on the second day following the enucleation.
Blood Transfusions in Paraplegic Patients with Toxaemia
Authors: J. J. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1952)

A series of cases of occlusive vascular disease is de- scribed in the management of which intra-arterial injections of vasodilator substances have been used and their relative values discussed.Improvement in a large percentage of our patients has encouraged us in the use of this method on an increasing scale.It is well within the scope of out-patient proce- dures, and offers a beneficial and convenient aid in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease.Acknowledgments are gratefully made to Mr.
Myocardial scintigraphy using a fatty acid analogue detects coronary artery disease in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Masato Nishimura, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Toyofumi Fukuda, Koji Okino, Noriyuki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Fujita, Naoto Inoue, Tsunehiko Nishimura, Tsunehiko Nishimura, Toshihiko Ono
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
John Frederick Watkins
Authors: J R Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Professor of medical microbiology Welsh National School of Medicine 1974-82 (b Abergavenny, Gwent, 1927; q Cambridge/London 1949; Dip Bact, MA, MD), d 21 April 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




John Watkins' research achievements are dominated by his collaboration with Henry Harris (later a regius professor at the University of Oxford), which led to their 1965 paper in Nature describing the technique of the fusion of human and mouse cells to form “heterokaryons” (cell hybrids) with genetic material from both species. This technique opened up limitless possibilities for the study of the nuclear-cytoplasmic relationship and cell signalling, the investigation of malignant transformation of cells, the search for the fabled oncogene, and relating gene function to specific chromosomes. The production of monoclonal antibodies is fundamentally dependent on this technique. Later Watkins went on to show that hybrids of tumour cells and normal cells could be used to immunise and protect against the tumour, offering the tantalising prospect of generic tumour vaccines.
Transfusion-Induced Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Stephen J. Seligman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The increased incidence of malaria in the United States is largely attributable to returning war veterans from South Vietnam. Transfusion-induced malaria has also increased. Transfusion-induced falciparum malaria observed in an anephric patient receiving long-term hemodialysis illustrates the possibility of transmission of falciparum malaria from an asymptomatic donor, with no history of malaria, who had last been in a malarious area one year prior to blood donation. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 34-year-old white man in renal failure had been receiving hemodialysis for five years. Bilateral nephrectomy had been performed three years previously for control of hypertension. On Nov 5, 1970, six days after his last monthly transfusion, fever, chills, malaise, and headache began. Another eight days later, the 48-hour periodicity of his temperature elevations was noted. A peripheral blood smear revealed ring forms of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>in less than 1% of the red blood cells (RBC) (Fig
In catheter ablation of AF, continuing vs interrupting warfarin reduced periprocedural thromboembolic events
Authors: Munther K. Homoud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Di Biase L, Burkhardt JD, Santangeli P, et al. Periprocedural stroke and bleeding complications in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with different anticoagulation management: Results from the Role of Coumadin in Preventing Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation (COMPARE) randomized trial. Circulation. 2014;129:2638-44. 24744272
STUDIES OF TUBERCLE BACILLUS-HISTIOCYTE RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Jacob Fong, Dennis Chin, Sanford S. Elberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The various cellular components of immune rabbit histiocytes have been analyzed for their ability to induce cellular resistance in normal animals. The results of these investigations have shown that the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions were inactive and that the microsomal and ribosomal fractions were active. The importance of ribonucleic acid in induction of cellular resistance was established by isolation of an active ribosomal RNA and by demonstration of inactivation of this material with ribonuclease but not with deoxyribonuclease or trypsin. The possibility that viable bacilli were present in immune ribosomes was tested; the absence of complement-fixing antibodies and of skin reactivity to tuberculin in animals inoculated with ribosomes was considered as partial evidence of absence of living bacilli.
Large intestine–targeted, nanoparticle-releasing oral vaccine to control genitorectal viral infection
Authors: Qing Zhu, James Talton, Guofeng Zhang, Tshaka Cunningham, Zijian Wang, Robert C Waters, James Kirk, Bärbel Eppler, Dennis M Klinman, Yongjun Sui, Susan Gagnon, Igor M Belyakov, Russell J Mumper, Jay A Berzofsky
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)