tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperuricaemia in patients with right or left heart failure
Authors: MM Hoeper, JM Hohlfeld, H Fabel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Based on the clinical observation that patients with right or left heart failure often present with hyperuricaemia, the relation between serum urate values and haemodynamic variables was studied in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) as well as in patients with advanced ischaemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. The study was a retrospective analysis of 39 patients with PPH and 36 patients with left heart disease, examining serum urate levels in association with haemodynamic variables. Elevated urate concentrations were found in 79% of the PPH patients. There was no association between serum urate levels and mean pulmonary artery pressures, but a significant correlation was found between urate levels and the cardiac index (r=0.48; p=0.0021) and an even stronger correlation between serum urate levels and mean right atrial pressures (r=0.83; p&lt;0.0001). A similar association was found in a subgroup of 21 PPH patients not receiving diuretics. In 36 patients with ischaemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy, hyperuricaemia was present in 78% and was significantly associated with elevated right atrial pressures (r=0.40; p=0.031) and even more so with elevated left atrial pressures (r=0.55; p=0.0005) but not with the cardiac index (r=0.034; p=0.86). The data show that hyperuricaemia in patients with cardiac dysfunction is closely related to elevated right or left atrial filling pressures.
ANTIBIOTICS AND SKIN TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: CLAUDE HURIEZ, P. H. PELCE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article ANTIBIOTICS AND SKIN TUBERCULOSIS. Get access CLAUDE HURIEZ, CLAUDE HURIEZ Dermatological Department, Lille University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. H. PELCE P. H. PELCE Dermatological Department, Lille University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 6, 1 June 1958, Pages 215–217, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13324.x Published: 01 June 1958
Delays in help seeking at the onset of the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic synthesis of qualitative literature
Authors: Rebecca J Stack, Karen Shaw, Christian Mallen, Sandy Herron-Marx, Rob Horne, Karim Raza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

A systematic review of qualitative peer-reviewed publications was conducted to identify drivers of and barriers to help-seeking behaviour in adults with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1058 abstracts were searched to identify relevant publications. 21 relevant publications were identified assessed for quality and subjected to analysis informed by thematic and grounded theory frameworks. Several interacting themes were identified including the early experience of symptoms in relation to disease prototypes, minimising the impact of symptoms, speaking to others, gathering information and seeking alternative treatments, and issues related to accessing health services and attitudes towards healthcare professionals. Many people suggested that they had little knowledge of RA before diagnosis, believing RA to be a mild condition that affected older people. These misperceptions made correct symptom interpretation unlikely. Normalising and ignoring symptoms led people to delay in help-seeking. However, when symptoms impacted on daily activities help was usually sought. Individual interpretations of symptoms are both drivers of and barriers to help seeking. Targeted public health interventions are required to inform symptom interpretation and reduce delays.
Molecular Evolution in Bacterial Endosymbionts of Fungi
Authors: D. M. Castillo, T. E. Pawlowska
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

The prediction that progressive coupling of host and symbiont metabolic and reproductive interests leads to reduced mixing of symbiont lineages has been verified extensively in maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbionts of insects. To test whether this prediction is also applicable to associations of bacteria with fungi, we explored patterns of molecular evolution in two lineages of mutualistic endosymbionts of fungi: the Burkholderia endosymbionts of Rhizopus microsporus (Mucormycotina) and Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum endosymbionts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota). We compared these two lineages with the closely related Candidatus Tremblaya princeps endosymbionts of mealybugs (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae) and to free-living Burkholderia species. To make inferences about the life histories of the endosymbionts, we relied on the empirically validated predictions of the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution that a reduction of the effective population size increases the rate of fixation of slightly deleterious mutations. Our analyses showed that the slightly deleterious mutation accumulation patterns in the Burkholderia endosymbionts of Rhizopus were nearly indistinguishable from those in their free-living relatives. In contrast, Ca. Glomeribacter showed unique patterns of molecular evolution that differentiated them from both the Burkholderia endosymbionts of Rhizopus and from the Ca. Tremblaya endosymbionts of insects. These findings imply that reduced mixing of symbiont lineages is not a universal feature of symbioses between fungi and endocellular bacteria.
Non-invasive beat to beat arterial blood pressure during non-REM sleep in obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring.
Authors: R J Davies, J Crosby, K Vardi-Visy, M Clarke, J R Stradling
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Obstructive sleep apnoea, and possibly snoring, are associated with a poorly understood increase in cardiovascular mortality which may be explained by their effects on systemic blood pressure during sleep. This study compares changes in mean blood pressure during obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring without apnoeas with those in matched control subjects during non-REM sleep. METHODS--Eighteen men with obstructive sleep apnoea, 16 men who snored without apnoeas, and 34 control subjects matched for age, sex, obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake were studied. During polysomnography non-invasive mean blood pressure (Finapres) was recorded from each cardiac cycle during non-REM sleep and averaged over a 10 minute period. This was compared with the blood pressure during 10 minutes before sleep onset. The changes in the patients9 sleeping blood pressure were compared with those in their individually matched control subjects. RESULTS--Compared with the control subjects the change in mean (SD) arterial blood pressure between being awake and asleep was higher during obstructive sleep apnoea (+6.5 (9) mm Hg v-2 (6.5), difference 8.5 (11)), and the rise from wakefulness to sleep in the obstructive sleep apnoea group was itself significant. The average mean arterial pressure was not raised in those who snored without apnoeas compared with either the control subjects or during wakefulness. CONCLUSIONS--Average mean arterial pressure is higher during obstructive sleep apnoea than it is during wakefulness, while normal subjects show a fall in blood pressure at sleep onset. This sleep related rise in blood pressure may contribute to the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality experienced by patients with this condition.
A Computer-Administered Telephone Interview to Identify Mental Disorders
Authors: Kenneth A. Kobak, Leslie V.H. Taylor, Susan L. Dottl, John H. Greist, James W. Jefferson, Diane Burroughs, Julie M. Mantle, David J. Katzelnick, Randal Norton, Henry J. Henk, Ronald C. Serlin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Common mental disorders are often not identified in primary care settings.To evaluate the validity and clinical utility of a telephone-assisted computer-administered version of Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a brief questionnaire and interview instrument designed to identify psychiatric disorders in primary care patients.Comparison of diagnoses obtained by computer over the telephone using interactive voice response (IVR) technology vs those obtained by a trained clinician over the telephone using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition] Diagnosis (SCID). A subsample also received the clinician-administered version of PRIME-MD.Outpatients (N=200) from 4 primary care clinics, an eating disorders clinic, an alcohol treatment facility, psychiatric outpatients, and community controls.Interviews conducted by telephone, except for face-to-face administration of PRIME-MD, which was conducted at either the primary care clinic or a research clinic.Prevalence rates for any psychiatric disorder were similar between diagnoses made by the computer and those made by a mental health professional using the SCID (60.0% vs 58.5%). Prevalence rates for individual diagnoses were generally similar across versions. However, primary care patients reported twice as much alcohol abuse on the computer (15.0%) as on either the SCID (7.5%) or the clinician-administered PRIME-MD (7.5%). Using the SCID as the criterion, both the computer- and clinician-administered versions of PRIME-MD demonstrated high and roughly equivalent levels of sensitivity and specificity. Overall agreement (K) for any diagnosis was 0.67 for the computer-administered PRIME-MD and 0.70 for the clinician-administered PRIME-MD.The computer-administered PRIME-MD appears to be a valid instrument for assessing psychopathology in primary care patients. Interactive voice response technology allows for increased availability, and provides primary care physicians with information that will increase the quality of patient care without additional physician time and at minimal expense.
Monocyte phenotypes: When local education counts
Authors: Amado A. Quintar, Catherine C. Hedrick, Klaus Ley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

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Insight from (left to right) Amado Quintar, Catherine Hedrick, and Klaus Ley



Monocytes are a heterogeneous population of phagocytic cells that are generated in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream. There are two main monocyte subsets in mice: “inflammatory”
Prolonged manometric recording of anorectal motor activity in ambulant human subjects: evidence of periodic activity.
Authors: D Kumar, N S Williams, D Waldron, D L Wingate
Journal: Gut (1989)

Based on short recordings, the rectum has been shown to have contractions with a frequency of five to 10 cycles per minute and slow contractions at three cycles per minute. To define anorectal motility over a prolonged period of time, we have studied 12 healthy volunteers using a fine pressure sensitive anorectal probe. A total of 240 hours of recording was obtained. We observed three types of activity in the rectum: (i) runs of powerful phasic contractions with a frequency of two to three per minute, lasting for three to 10 minutes, and recurring to an interval of 92 (1.9) minutes (mean (SEM)) during the day and 56 (1.7) minutes (mean (SEM)) at night, (ii) isolated prolonged contractions lasting for 10-20 seconds and seen mainly during waking, and (iii) clusters of contractions occurring at a frequency of five to six per minute lasting for one to two minutes and seen predominantly during the postprandial period. These clusters of contractions resembled the discrete clustered contractions seen in the ileum, whereas the more powerful and prolonged runs of contractions resembled phase III activity in the small intestine. In contrast, the anal canal showed bursts of contractions which were not temporally related. Our data show that the rectum, like the upper gastrointestinal tract, exhibits periodic motor activity; it remains to be seen whether these two biorhythms are synchronous.
Dose-dependent cigarette smoking-related inflammatory responses in healthy adults
Authors: WG Kuschner, A D'Alessandro, H Wong, PD Blanc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aim of this study was to determine the dose-response relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and pulmonary cell and cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL cells and BAL supernatant concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 from 14 healthy smokers and 16 healthy nonsmokers were quantified. Statistically greater concentrations of neutrophils, macrophages, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 were observed among smokers compared with nonsmokers (p &lt; or = 0.0007 in all cases). Cigarette smoking, categorized ordinally as: less than one pack, one pack, or greater than one pack per day, was predictive of BAL macrophages (p &lt; 0.0001), neutrophils (p = 0.015), IL-1 beta (p &lt; 0.001) and IL-8 (p = 0.02). We conclude that concentrations of macrophages, neutrophils, IL-1 beta and IL-8 are elevated in the pulmonary microenvironment of smokers in a cigarette dose-dependent manner. Based on the present findings, we would caution against simple analyses that treat current smokers as a homogeneous group and which do not account for smoking intensity.
An Evaluation of Niacinamide in the Treatment of Childhood Schizophrenia
Authors: GERALD H. C. GREENBAUM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author evaluated 57 schizophrenic children clinically and psychologically before and after a six-month administration of niacinamide. They were separated into three groups: those given niacinamide, those given niacinamide plus a tranquilizer, and those given a placebo. There was no significant difference attributable to niacinamide; also, tests for the "mauve factor" in the urine of 28 of the children were negative.
Newly Identified Antiatherosclerotic Activity of Methotrexate and Adalimumab: Complementary Effects on Lipoprotein Function and Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Nicoletta Ronda, Daniela Greco, Maria Pia Adorni, Francesca Zimetti, Elda Favari, Gunnbjørg Hjeltnes, Knut Mikkelsen, Maria Orietta Borghi, Ennio Giulio Favalli, Rita Gatti, Ivana Hollan, Pier Luigi Meroni, Franco Bernini
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. The reduction in cardiovascular risk that is induced by methotrexate (MTX) and anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents in RA is considered secondary to their anti-inflammatory action, but their effects on serum lipoprotein function and foam cell formation are unknown. The reduced capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to promote cell cholesterol efflux and the increased serum cell cholesterol-loading capacity (CLC) demonstrated in RA may contribute to foam cell development. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MTX and adalimumab treatment on serum cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and CLC in RA patients and to study the in vitro effects of the two drugs on macrophage cholesterol handling.Sera from RA patients treated with MTX (n = 34) or with adalimumab and MTX (n = 22) obtained before treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, and after 6 months of treatment were analyzed for CEC and CLC by radioisotopic and fluorometric techniques, respectively. The influence of MTX and adalimumab on macrophage cholesterol efflux and uptake was evaluated in vitro using human THP-1-derived macrophages.MTX treatment was associated with increases in serum HDL, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol levels and with ATP-binding cassette G1-mediated and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-mediated increases in CEC; MTX treatment was not associated with modifications in CLC. Adalimumab treatment was associated with increases in serum HDL levels, a transient increase in SR-BI-mediated CEC, a transient decrease in ATP-binding cassette A1-mediated CEC, and a significant reduction in CLC; in addition, adalimumab reduced macrophage cholesterol uptake in vitro.Antiatherosclerotic activity associated with MTX and adalimumab may be mediated by beneficial and complementary effects on lipoprotein functions and on macrophage cholesterol handling. As a whole, these mechanisms may oppose foam cell formation.
Increased α2 Subunit–Associated AMPK Activity and <i>PRKAG2</i> Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ferhaan Ahmad, Michael Arad, Nicolas Musi, Huamei He, Cordula Wolf, Dorothy Branco, Antonio R. Perez-Atayde, David Stapleton, Deeksha Bali, Yanqiu Xing, Rong Tian, Laurie J. Goodyear, Charles I. Berul, Joanne S. Ingwall, Christine E. Seidman, J.G. Seidman
Journal: Circulation (2005)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulatory gamma2 subunit (PRKAG2) mutations cause a human cardiomyopathy with cardiac hypertrophy, preexcitation, and glycogen deposition. PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy is recapitulated in transgenic mice overexpressing mutant PRKAG2 N488I in the heart (TGgamma2N488I). AMPK is a heterotrimeric kinase consisting of 1 catalytic (alpha) and 2 regulatory (beta and gamma) subunits. Two alpha-subunit isoforms, alpha1 and alpha2, are expressed in the heart; however, the contribution of AMPK utilization of these subunits to PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy is unknown. Mice overexpressing a dominant-negative alpha2 subunit of AMPK (TGalpha2DN) provide a tool for selectively inhibiting alpha2, but not alpha1, subunit-associated AMPK activity.In compound-heterozygous TGgamma2N488I/TGalpha2DN mice, AMPK activity associated with alpha2 but not alpha1 was decreased compared with TGgamma2N488I. The TGalpha2DN transgene reduced the disease phenotype of TGgamma2N488I, partially or completely normalizing the ECG, cardiac function, cardiac morphology, and exercise capacity in compound-heterozygous mice. TGgamma2N488I hearts had normal resting levels of high-energy phosphates and could improve cardiac performance during exercise. Cardiac glycogen content decreased in TGgamma2N488I mice after exercise stress, indicating availability of the stored glycogen for metabolic utilization. No differences in glycogen-metabolizing enzymes were observed.The PRKAG2 N488I mutation causes inappropriate AMPK activation, which leads to glycogen accumulation and conduction system disease. The accumulated glycogen can serve as an energy source, and the animals have contractile reserve during exercise. Because the dominant-negative alpha2 subunit attenuates the mutant PRKAG2 phenotype, AMPK complexes containing the alpha2 rather than the alpha1 subunit are the primary mediators of the effects of PRKAG2 mutations.
Glucose Response Curve and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Latino Adolescents
Authors: Joon Young Kim, Dawn K. Coletta, Lawrence J. Mandarino, Gabriel Q. Shaibi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE In adults, the shape of the glucose response during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) prospectively and independently predicts type 2 diabetes. However, no reports have described the utility of this indicator in younger populations. The purpose of this study was to compare type 2 diabetes risk factors in Latino adolescents characterized by either a monophasic or biphasic glucose response during an OGTT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 156 nondiabetic Latino adolescents completed a 2-h OGTT. Monophasic and biphasic groups were compared for the following type 2 diabetes risk factors: fasting and 2-h glucose, HbA1c, glucose area under the curve (AUC), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), insulin secretion (insulinogenic index), and β-cell function as measured by the disposition index (insulin sensitivity × insulin secretion). RESULTS Of the participants, 107 youth were categorized as monophasic and 49 were biphasic. Compared with the monophasic group, participants with a biphasic response exhibited lower HbA1c (5.4 ± 0.3 vs. 5.6 ± 0.3%, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and lower glucose AUC (14,205 ± 2,382 vs. 16,230 ± 2,537 mg ⋅ dL−1 ⋅ h−1, P &amp;lt; 0.001) with higher insulin sensitivity (5.4 ± 3.2 vs. 4.6 ± 3.4, P ≤ 0.05), higher insulin secretion (2.1 ± 1.3 vs. 1.8 ± 1.3, P = 0.05), and better β-cell function (10.3 ± 7.8 vs. 6.0 ± 3.6, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Differences persisted after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the glycemic response to an OGTT may differentiate risk for type 2 diabetes in youth. This response may be an early marker of type 2 diabetes risk among high-risk youth.
AUTOMATED STENOSIS QUANTIFICATION FROM CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY: COMPARISON WITH INVASIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Richard A. Stoebner, Mariana Diaz-Zamudio, Victor Cheng, Louise Thomson, Sean Hayes, John Friedman, Piotr Slomka, Daniel Berman, Damini Dey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Hereditary hemochromatosis in the post-<i>HFE</i>era
Authors: John K. Olynyk, Debbie Trinder, Grant A. Ramm, Robert S. Britton, Bruce R. Bacon
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Following the discovery of the HFE gene in 1996 and its linkage to the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) there have been profound developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the biochemical and clinical manifestations of a number of iron overload disorders. This article provides an update of recent developments and key issues relating to iron homeostasis and inherited disorders of iron overload, with emphasis on HFE-related HH, and is based on the content of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Single-Topic Conference entitled "Hemochromatosis: What has Happened After HFE?" which was held at the Emory Convention Center in Atlanta, September 7-9, 2007.
Leukaemia incidence after iodine-131 exposure
Authors: P. Hall, G. Lundell, A. Mattsson, K. Wiklund, L.-E. Holm, M. Lidberg, J.D. Boice, G. Berg, G. Bjelkengren, U.-B. Ericsson, A. Hallquist, J. Tennvall
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is killed by nitrite under acidic conditions
Authors: R S Dykhuizen, A Fraser, H McKenzie, M Golden, C Leifert, N Benjamin
Journal: Gut (1998)

Due to the expression of urease, Helicobacter pylori is able to establish itself in the human stomach under acidic conditions. A novel host defence mechanism was recently proposed, suggesting that the formation of salivary nitrite in symbiosis with facultative anaerobic bacteria in the oropharynx, is aimed at enhancing the antimicrobial activity of gastric juice.To investigate whether the addition of nitrite in physiological concentrations influences the resistance of H pylori to acid.H pylori cultured from fresh gastric Biopsy specimens was exposed for 30 minutes to normal saline and to HCl/KCl buffer (0.2M) at pH 2 with urea (5 mM) added. The influence of potassium nitrite (50-1000 mumol/l) on bacterial survival was determined.Addition of nitrite (1 mM) to acidic solutions (pH 2) resulted in complete kill of H pylori within 30 minutes exposure time whereas acid alone allowed the organism to survive (p < 0.001). The antimicrobial effect of nitrite at pH 2 against H pylori was dose dependent and complete kill of organisms occurred at concentrations > or = 500 mumol/l.Acidified nitrite has anti-bacterial activity against H pylori. This should prompt further research into the effect of salivary nitrite on the survival of H pylori in the human stomach.
Aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-β-hydroxylase regulates hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness
Authors: Suzanne M. de la Monte, Seishu Tamaki, M. Chiara Cantarini, Nedim Ince, Marcus Wiedmann, Jade J. Carter, Stephanie A. Lahousse, Sophia Califano, Takashi Maeda, Takato Ueno, Antonia D'Errico, Franco Trevisani, Jack R. Wands
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)