tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of punch biomechanics and cognitive function for amateur boxers
Authors: S Stojsih, M Boitano, M Wilhelm, C Bir
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective To evaluate several biomechanical factors of the head during a sparring session and their link to cognitive function. Design Instrumented Boxing Headgear (IBH) was used for data collection during four 2 min sparring sessions. Neurocognitive assessment was measured using the ImPACT© Concussion management software. A baseline neurocognitive test was obtained from each athlete prior to sparring; two additional tests were obtained and compared with the baseline. Setting Male and female amateur boxers. Participants Data were collected from 30 male and 30 female amateur boxers. Main outcome measurements Head accelerations (translational and rotational), injury severity indexes (Head Injury Criteria (HIC) and Gadd Severity Index (GSI)) and cognitive function scores. Results Peak translational and rotational acceleration values were 191 g and 17 156 rad/s 2 , respectively, for males and 184 g and 13 113 rad/s 2 , respectively, for females. The peak HIC and GSI values for males were 1652 and 2292, respectively, and for females 1079 and 1487, respectively. There was no significant difference in the neurocognitive scores between genders. A decrease was exhibited in the delayed memory postbout scores. All other scores either increased or did not significantly decrease when compared with the baseline. Conclusions The majority of impacts experienced by both genders were under the threshold for mild head injury. There was a statistically significant difference between peak translational and rotational acceleration, HIC and GSI when comparing genders. When analysing cognitive functions, there was no statistical difference between genders.
Prostaglandin-induced preservation of the ischemic myocardium.
Authors: M L Ogletree, A M Lefer
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

The effectiveness of prostaglandin (PG) E,, E 2 , and F 2a in altering responses to acute myocardial ischemia was studied in anesthetized, open-chest cats.Following coronary artery occlusion to induce myocardial ischemia (MI) or sham operation (sham MI), a PG (or its appropriate vehicle) was infused at 1 /*g/kg per minute for the 5-hour experimental period.Arterial blood pressure dropped significantly during PG infusion, whereas heart rate decreased only slightly.A pressure-rate index was significantly reduced in ischemic cats infused with either PGE, or PGE 2 .These two groups also failed to show large elevations in S-T segment which were usually observed in ischemic cats receiving PGF 2a or 0.9% NaCI.Arterial blood samples (i.e., at 5 hours) showed significantly increased plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) specific activities in MI cats receiving PGF 2a or NaCI, whereas PGE, and PGE, infusions prevented significant elevations in plasma CPK during ischemia.Myocardial tissue samples from ischemic cats receiving either PGF 2a or NaCI showed significantly reduced tissue CPK in ischemic myocardial tissue.However, PGE, or PGE 2 prevented decreases in myocardial CPK activity.Infusion of either Etype PG was further shown to prevent labilization of myocardial lysosomes in ischemic tissue, without significantly altering free amino-nitrogen concentrations in ischemic tissue.Thus, infusion of E-type prostaglandins significantly improved the hemodynamic status and moderated the leakage of enzymes from ischemic myocardial tissue in the cat.These prostaglandins may protect ischemic myocardial tissue by reducing cardiac oxygen demand and stabilizing cardiac lysosomal membranes.
Combining Models of Protein Translation and Population Genetics to Predict Protein Production Rates from Codon Usage Patterns
Authors: M. A. Gilchrist
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Genes are often biased in their codon usage. The degree of bias displayed often changes with expression level and intragenic position. Numerous indices, such as the codon adaptation index, have been developed to measure this bias. Although the expression level of a gene and index values are correlated, the heuristic nature of these metrics limits their ability to explain this relationship. As an alternative approach, this study integrates mechanistic models of cellular and population processes in a nested manner to develop a stochastic evolutionary model of a protein's production rate (SEMPPR). SEMPPR assumes that the evolution of codon bias is driven by selection to reduce the cost of nonsense errors and that this selection is counteracted by mutation and drift. Through the application of Bayes' theorem, SEMPPR generates a posterior probability distribution for the protein production rate of a given gene. Conceptually, SEMPPR's predictions are based on the degree of adaptation to reduce the cost of nonsense errors observed in the codon usage pattern of the gene. As an illustration, SEMPPR was parameterized using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome and its predictions tested using available empirical data. The results indicate that SEMPPR's predictions are as reliable index based ones. In addition, SEMPPR's output is more easily interpreted and its predictions could be improved through refinements of the models upon which it is built.
Congenital Valves in the Posterior Urethra
Authors: D. I. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1954)

SPONDYLITISBorr 623 equal frequency in the three groups.In spite of a high incidence of involvement of the hands and feet in the atypical group, the comparatively low propor- tion of patients in this group giving positive results with Ball's modification of Rose's serum differential agglutination test is evidence that the atypical group is not largely composed of patients with rheumatoid arthritis affecting the spine.The adverse effect of prolonged immobilization in typical ankylosing spondy- litis is emphasized.A total of 275 patients received deep x-ray therapy; the proportion much improved after this in the typical group was very significantly higher than in the atypical group.In the typical group, the age or sex of the patient and level of the blood sedimentation rate gave no indication of the probability of improvement after therapy; better results were obtained in patients whose symptoms were of five years' duration or less and in whom radiological changes were confined to the sacro- iliac joints.No significant difference was observed in the behaviour of peripheral joints treated alone and those treated concurrently with the spine, suggesting that the effect of deep x-ray therapy in ankylosing spondylitis is a local one on irradiated tissues.Complications of x-ray therapy included one case of aplastic anaemia, reactivation of pulmonary tuberculo- sis in one case, permanent amenorrhoea in 13 of the 47 females treated, and possible acceleration of renal failure in two cases.Reasons are given for ascribing the poor results from x-ray therapy in the atypical group to inclusion of patients with other diseases simulating ankylosing spondylitis.We are grateful to the many consultants in this region who have allowed us to study their cases during the investigation; to Profes- sor J. H. Kellgren for much advice and helpful criticism; to Dr. Ralston Paterson for provision of facilities for x-ray treatment and follow-up of the patients; to Dr. 0. Janus, who saw many of these patients originally in the clinic; and to Miss Marion Russell for help with the statistics.
Phototoxicity of narrowband ultraviolet (UV) B (311 nm) compared with broadband UVB in the photo hen's egg test
Authors: P.R. Bafteh, M. Siegesmund, V. Kuerten, N.J. Neumann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Phototoxicity of narrowband ultraviolet (UV) B (311 nm) compared with broadband UVB in the photo hen's egg test Get access P.R. Bafteh, P.R. Bafteh Department of Dermatology Porphyria Specialist Center Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Duesseldorf Germany Correspondence Pascal Robert Bafteh. E‐mails: p.bafteh@gmail.com, pascal.bafteh@uni-duesseldorf.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Siegesmund, M. Siegesmund Department of Dermatology Porphyria Specialist Center Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Duesseldorf Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Kuerten, V. Kuerten Department of Dermatology Porphyria Specialist Center Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Duesseldorf Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.J. Neumann N.J. Neumann Department of Dermatology Porphyria Specialist Center Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Duesseldorf Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 2, 1 February 2015, Pages 462–466, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13221 Published: 01 February 2015
21st-Century Health Care — The Case for Integrated Delivery Systems
Authors: Francis J. Crosson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

It was 1933. The United States was in the midst of a severe economic downturn that was to become the Great Depression. Data from 1929 showed that U.S. health care expenditures had reached 4% of the U.S. gross domestic product, a sum that was believed to threaten the country's financial recovery. After nearly a year of work, the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care, chaired by Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, the president of Stanford University, published its findings and recommendations.1 The first boldface recommendation read, "Medical service should be more largely furnished by groups of physicians and related practitioners, . . .
Sports ethics: an anthology
Authors: J Savulescu, B Foddy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Edited by Jan Boxill. Published by Blackwell Publishers, 2002, £60.00 (hardcover), £17.99 (paperback), ISBN 0631216960

This is a collection of 35 papers, 10 of which were written specifically for this anthology. It presents a wide range of material, spanning specific topics, such as racial issues or drugs in sport, and also more abstract areas, such as the quality of sportsmanship. Most of the writing is by philosophers, but there are pieces representing sportspeople, physical education specialists, sports psychologists, sport scientists, journalists, a lawyer, and a basketball coach. For this reason, the book is stylistically very diverse. Fittingly, the volume closes with a 1999 piece by Rick Reilly, a writer for Sports Illustrated , written from the perspective of an 8 year old sports fan who is getting the wrong message from televised sport.

The theme of sport’s corruption seems to run strongly in this collection. There seems to be an undercurrent of moral outrage at sport’s degradation through commercialisation, new technology, and competition taken too far.

Editor Jan Boxill’s introductory piece on the moral significance of …
Lowly Expressed Human MicroRNA Genes Evolve Rapidly
Authors: Han Liang, Wen-Hsiung Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

To study the evolution of human microRNAs (miRNAs), we examined nucleotide variation in humans, sequence divergence between species, and genomic clustering patterns for miRNAs with different expression levels. We found that expression level is a major indicator of the rate of evolution and that ∼30% of currently annotated human miRNA genes are almost free of selective pressure.
Inhibitory effects of montelukast on mediator release by nasal epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects
Authors: Alison Scaife, David Miller, Daniella Spiteri-Cornish, Turner Steve, Graham Devereux, Garry Walsh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aims: Our primary aim was to examine the inhibitory effects of Montelukast on cytokine/chemokine secretion by nasal airway epithelial cells (NEC) cultured from Montelukast-responsive asthmatic patients. The secondary aim determined if NEC cytokine/chemokine secretion changed following 1 week Montelukast withdrawal in subgroup of 10 patients.  Methods: We recruited 45 subjects with asthma (median age 49; range 10-80 years); 20 (45%) had concomitant allergic rhinitis (AR) as defined by ARIA. NEC were collected by nasal brushing and 31 successful cultures established. NEC were treated with a dose-range of Montelukast, with or without IL-1/TNF-stimulation (both 10ng/ml). Concentrations of IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, RANTES, eotaxin and IFN-γ were measured in culture supernatants. In 10 subjects, Montelukast was withdrawn and NEC sampled 1-week later.  Results: NEC responses were no different between those with/without AR.  In vitro  Montelukast dose-dependently suppressed NEC constitutive release of IL-8 (mean (95% CI) reduction 36% [27-55], P= 0.044) and RANTES (36% [15-54%] reduction, P=0.016), with no effect in IL-1/TNF stimulated cells. Withdrawal of Montelukast significantly increased symptoms of allergic rhinitis with borderline significant decline in FEV 1  and in asthma control score. NEC cultured from subjects before and after withdrawal of Montelukast treatment showed increased IL-8 (median [IQR] rise 293% [122-670], p=0.028), RANTES (rise 221% [118-744], p=0.028) and GMCSF (rise 874% [157-3910], p=0.046) secretion but only in asthmatics with AR.  Conclusion: This is the first demonstration of a significant effect by Montelukast on nasal AEC secretory function in vitro and ex vivo.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist in early rheumatoid arthritis reveals a high prevalence of erosions at four months after symptom onset
Authors: F. M McQueen, N. Stewart, J. Crabbe, E. Robinson, S. Yeoman, P. L J Tan, L. McLean
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the wrist in detecting early joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>METHODS</h3> MRI was performed on 42 patients with early RA (median symptom duration of four months). Scans were scored separately by two musculoskeletal radiologists using a newly devised scoring system, which was validated. MRI findings were compared with plain radiography, clinical measures, and HLA-DRB*01/04 genotyping. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Interobserver reliability for the overall MRI score was high (<i>r</i> = 0.81) as was intraobserver reliability (<i>r</i> = 0.94 for observer 1 and 0.81 for observer 2). There was more variation in scoring synovitis (interobserver reliability: <i>r</i> = 0.74). Erosions were detected in 45% of scans (19 of 42), compared with 15% of plain radiographs. The most common site for erosions was the capitate (39%), for synovitis the ulnar aspect of the radiocarpal joint, and for tendonitis, the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon. The total MRI score and MRI synovitis score correlated most significantly with C reactive protein (<i>r</i> = 0.40 and 0.42 respectively, p&lt;0.01). The MRI erosion score was highly correlated with MRI bone marrow oedema (<i>r</i> = 0.83) as well as the Ritchie score and disease activity score (<i>r</i> = 0.32, p&lt;0.05). HLA-DRB1*04 or *01 (shared epitope +ve) was found in 76% of patients; 84% of those with MRI erosions and 69% of those without (NS, p = 0.3). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> A high proportion of RA patients develop MRI erosions very early in their disease, when plain radiography is frequently normal. MRI of the dominant wrist may identify those requiring early aggressive treatment.
Molecular Biology of the Androgen Receptor
Authors: Edward P. Gelmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

ABSTRACT: Androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor family of molecules. AR primarily is responsible for mediating the physiologic effects of androgens by binding to specific DNA sequences that influence transcription of androgen-responsive genes. The three-dimensional structure of the AR ligand-binding domain has shown it is similar to other steroid hormone receptors and that ligand binding alters the protein conformation to allow binding of coactivator molecules that amplify the hormone signal and mediate transcriptional initiation. However, AR also undergoes intramolecular interactions that regulate its interactions with coactivators and influence its activity. A large number of naturally occurring mutations of the human AR gene have provided important information about AR molecular structure and intermolecular interactions. AR is also a critical mediator of prostate cancer promotion, conferring growth signals to prostate cancer cells throughout the natural history of the disease. Late-stage prostate cancer, unresponsive to hormonal deprivation, sustains AR signaling through a diverse array of molecular strategies. Variations in the AR gene may also confer genetic predisposition to prostate cancer development and severity. Further understanding of AR action and new strategies to interfere with AR signaling hold promise for improving prostate cancer therapy.
Increasing response rates to postal questionnaires: systematic review
Authors: P. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To identify methods to increase response to postal questionnaires. <b>Design:</b> Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of any method to influence response to postal questionnaires. <b>Studies reviewed:</b> 292 randomised controlled trials including 258 315 participants <b>Intervention reviewed:</b> 75 strategies for influencing response to postal questionnaires. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> The proportion of completed or partially completed questionnaires returned. <b>Results:</b> The odds of response were more than doubled when a monetary incentive was used (odds ratio 2.02; 95% confidence interval 1.79 to 2.27) and almost doubled when incentives were not conditional on response (1.71; 1.29 to 2.26). Response was more likely when short questionnaires were used (1.86; 1.55 to 2.24). Personalised questionnaires and letters increased response (1.16; 1.06 to 1.28), as did the use of coloured ink (1.39; 1.16 to 1.67). The odds of response were more than doubled when the questionnaires were sent by recorded delivery (2.21; 1.51 to 3.25) and increased when stamped return envelopes were used (1.26; 1.13 to 1.41) and questionnaires were sent by first class post (1.12; 1.02 to 1.23). Contacting participants before sending questionnaires increased response (1.54; 1.24 to 1.92), as did follow up contact (1.44; 1.22 to 1.70) and providing non-respondents with a second copy of the questionnaire (1.41; 1.02 to 1.94). Questionnaires designed to be of more interest to participants were more likely to be returned (2.44; 1.99 to 3.01), but questionnaires containing questions of a sensitive nature were less likely to be returned (0.92; 0.87 to 0.98). Questionnaires originating from universities were more likely to be returned than were questionnaires from other sources, such as commercial organisations (1.31; 1.11 to 1.54). <b>Conclusions:</b> Health researchers using postal questionnaires can improve the quality of their research by using the strategies shown to be effective in this systematic review. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Postal questionnaires are widely used in the collection of data in epidemiological studies and health research Non-response to postal questionnaires reduces the effective sample size and can introduce bias <h3>What this study adds</h3> This systematic review includes more randomised controlled trials than any previously published review or meta-analysis no questionnaire response The review has identified effective ways to increase response to postal questionnaires The review will be updated regularly in the <i>Cochrane Library</i>
Autologous stem cell transplantation for elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in the era of novel agents
Authors: M. Merz, K. Neben, M.S. Raab, S. Sauer, G. Egerer, M. Hundemer, D. Hose, C. Kunz, C. Heiß, A.D. Ho, H. Goldschmidt, J. Hillengass
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
The cytoplasmic domain of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 beta subunit: sites required for binding to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and the phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation site.
Authors: M L Hibbs, S Jakes, S A Stacker, R W Wallace, T A Springer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

We have defined the regions of the cytoplasmic domain of the leukocyte integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) that are required for active binding of its extracellular domain to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). The NH2-terminal 28 amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain are dispensable, but a segment of 5 amino acids including three contiguous threonines (758-760) and Phe 766 in the COOH-terminal third of the cytoplasmic domain are required for binding to ICAM-1. Mutation and phosphoamino acid analysis show that Ser 756 is the major residue phosphorylated in response to phorbol ester. Furthermore, multiple mutations demonstrate that serine phosphorylation can be dissociated from phorbol ester-stimulated binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1. The sites we have defined are previously unremarked, are well conserved in the beta 1, beta 3, and beta 7 integrin subunits, and may be of broad importance in regulating adhesiveness of integrins.
Impact of Missing Data on Phylogenies Inferred from Empirical Phylogenomic Data Sets
Authors: Béatrice Roure, Denis Baurain, Hervé Philippe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Progress in sequencing technology allows researchers to assemble ever-larger supermatrices for phylogenomic inference. However, current phylogenomic studies often rest on patchy data sets, with some having 80% missing (or ambiguous) data or more. Though early simulations had suggested that missing data per se do not harm phylogenetic inference when using sufficiently large data sets, Lemmon et al. (Lemmon AR, Brown JM, Stanger-Hall K, Lemmon EM. 2009. The effect of ambiguous data on phylogenetic estimates obtained by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Syst Biol. 58:130–145.) have recently cast doubt on this consensus in a study based on the introduction of parsimony-uninformative incomplete characters. In this work, we empirically reassess the issue of missing data in phylogenomics while exploring possible interactions with the model of sequence evolution. First, we note that parsimony-uninformative incomplete characters are actually informative in a probabilistic framework. A reanalysis of Lemmon's data set with this in mind gives a very different interpretation of their results and shows that some of their conclusions may be unfounded. Second, we investigate the effect of the progressive introduction of missing data in a complete supermatrix (126 genes × 39 species) capable of resolving animal relationships. These analyses demonstrate that missing data perturb phylogenetic inference slightly beyond the expected decrease in resolving power. In particular, they exacerbate systematic errors by reducing the number of species effectively available for the detection of multiple substitutions. Consequently, large sparse supermatrices are more sensitive to phylogenetic artifacts than smaller but less incomplete data sets, which argue for experimental designs aimed at collecting a modest number (∼50) of highly covered genes. Our results further confirm that including incomplete yet short-branch taxa (i.e., slowly evolving species or close outgroups) can help to eschew artifacts, as predicted by simulations. Finally, it appears that selecting an adequate model of sequence evolution (e.g., the site-heterogeneous CAT model instead of the site-homogeneous WAG model) is more beneficial to phylogenetic accuracy than reducing the level of missing data.