tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated With Incident Cerebral Microbleeds According to Location in Older People
Authors: Jie Ding, Sigurdur Sigurdsson, Melissa Garcia, Caroline L. Phillips, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Vilmundur Gudnason, Mark A. van Buchem, Lenore J. Launer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

The spatial distribution of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which are asymptomatic precursors of intracerebral hemorrhage, reflects specific underlying microvascular abnormalities of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (lobar structures) and hypertensive vasculopathy (deep brain structures). Relatively little is known about the occurrence of and modifiable risk factors for developing CMBs, especially in a lobar location, in the general population of older people.To investigate whether lifestyle and lipid factors predict new CMBs in relation to their anatomic location.We enrolled 2635 individuals aged 66 to 93 years from the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study in a brain imaging study. Participants underwent a baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the brain from September 1, 2002, through February 28, 2006, and returned for a second MRI examination from April 1, 2007, through September 30, 2011.Lifestyle and lipid factors assessed at baseline included smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and serum levels of total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides.Incident CMBs detected on MRIs, which were further categorized as exclusively lobar or as deep.During a mean follow-up of 5.2 years, 486 people (18.4%) developed new CMBs, of whom 308 had lobar CMBs only and 178 had deep CMBs. In the multivariate logarithm-binomial regression model adjusted for baseline cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure, antihypertensive use, prevalent CMBs, and markers of cerebral ischemic small-vessel disease, heavy alcohol consumption (vs light to moderate consumption; relative risk [RR], 2.94 [95% CI, 1.23-7.01]) was associated with incident CMBs in a deep location. Baseline underweight (vs normal weight; RR, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.21-4.80]), current smoking (RR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.11-1.94]), an elevated serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (RR per 1-SD increase, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.02-1.25]), and a decreased triglyceride level (RR per 1-SD decrease in natural logarithm-transformed triglyceride level, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03-1.33]) were significantly associated with an increased risk for lobar CMBs exclusively but not for deep CMBs.Lifestyle and lipid risk profiles for CMBs were similar to those for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and differed for lobar and deep CMBs. Modification of these risk factors could have the potential to prevent new-onset CMBs, particularly those occurring in a lobar location.
Mammalian reproductive tract mucins
Authors: E Lagow
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

Mucin glycoproteins are major constituents of the glycocalyx that covers mucosal epithelium. Two broad classes of mucins exist: membrane-associated and secretory. Of the secreted mucins, those with cysteine-rich regions are thought to polymerize through disulphide bonds. Among these gel-forming mucins ae MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and possibly MUC6. MUC7 lacks cysteine-rich domains and is thought to be secreted as a soluble monomer. Incomplete sequence information prevents classification of other mucins. Tandem repeats of amino acids rich in serine, threonine and proline are a common element in mucin core proteins, giving rise to relatively rigid, linear molecules with great potential for glycosylation. Ten distinct mucin genes have been identified in humans so far. Patterns of expression vary greatly. While MUC9, or oviductin, appears to be restricted to oviduct, the transmembrane mucin MUC1 is widely expressed. Proven functions for different mucins are largely unknown, although potential functions are addressed in this review. Genetic and protein sequence information and expression profiles are also summarized, followed by a description of mucin assembly. Special attention is given to mucin expression in male and female reproductive tracts.
Effect of Intensive Care Unit Organizational Model and Structure on Outcomes in Patients with Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Miriam M. Treggiari, Diane P. Martin, N. David Yanez, Ellen Caldwell, Leonard D. Hudson, Gordon D. Rubenfeld
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Prior studies supported an association between intensive care unit (ICU) organizational model or staffing patterns and outcome in critically ill patients.To examine the association of closed versus open models with patient mortality across adult ICUs in King County (WA).Cohort study of patients with acute lung injury (ALI).ICU structure, organization, and patient care practices were assessed using self-administered mail questionnaires completed by the medical director and nurse manager. We defined closed ICUs as units that required patient transfer to or mandatory patient comanagement by an intensivist and open ICUs as those relying on other organizational models. Outcomes were obtained from the King County Lung Injury Project, a population-based cohort of patients with ALI. The main endpoint was hospital mortality. Of 24 eligible ICUs, 13 ICUs were designated closed and 11 open. Complete survey data were available for 23 (96%) ICUs. Higher physician and nurse availability was reported in closed versus open ICUs. A total of 684 of 1,075 (63%) of patients with ALI were cared for in closed ICUs. After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with ALI cared for in closed ICUs had reduced hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.53, 0.89; P = 0.004). Consultation by a pulmonologist in open ICUs was not associated with improved mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.74, 1.20; P = 0.62). These findings were robust for varying assumptions about the study population definition.Patients with ALI cared for in a closed-model ICU have reduced mortality. These data support recommendations to implement structured intensive care in the United States.
Population-Based Cohort Analyses of the Bidirectional Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Depression
Authors: Pei-Chun Chen, Yen-Ting Chan, Hua-Fen Chen, Ming-Chung Ko, Chung-Yi Li
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

This study addresses the strength of association for the bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes and depression.We used two cohort studies with the same source of database to determine the link between depression and type 2 diabetes. The data analyzed included a random sample of 1 million beneficiaries selected from the National Health Insurance claims in 2000. The analysis of diabetes predicting the depression onset consisted of 16,957 diabetic patients and the same number of sex- and age-matched nondiabetic control subjects. The analysis of depression predicting diabetes onset included 5,847 depressive patients and 5,847 sex- and age-matched nondepressive control subjects. The follow-up period was between 2000 and 2006, and onset of end points was identified from ambulatory care claims. The Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for potential confounders was used to estimate relative hazards.The first cohort analysis noted an incidence density (ID) of 7.03 per 1,000 person-years (PY) and 5.04 per 1,000 PY for depression in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, respectively, representing a covariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.43 (95% CI 1.16-1.77). The second cohort analysis noted an ID of 27.59 per 1,000 PY and 9.22 per 1,000 PY for diabetes in depressive and nondepressive subjects, respectively. The covariate-adjusted HR was stronger at 2.02 (1.80-2.27) for incident diabetes associated with baseline depression.The two cohort studies provided evidence for the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and depression, with a stronger association noted for the depression predicting onset of diabetes.
Adaptive Evolution of Metabolic Pathways in Drosophila
Authors: J. Flowers, E Sezgin, S Kumagai, D. Duvernell, L. Matzkin, P. Schmidt, W. Eanes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

The adaptive significance of enzyme variation has been of central interest in population genetics. Yet, how natural selection operates on enzymes in the larger context of biochemical pathways has not been broadly explored. A basic expectation is that natural selection on metabolic phenotypes will target enzymes that control metabolic flux, but how adaptive variation is distributed among enzymes in metabolic networks is poorly understood. Here, we use population genetic methods to identify enzymes responding to adaptive selection in the pathways of central metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. We report polymorphism and divergence data for 17 genes that encode enzymes of 5 metabolic pathways that converge at glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Deviations from neutral expectations were observed at five loci. Of the 10 genes that encode the enzymes of glycolysis, only aldolase (Ald) deviated from neutrality. The other 4 genes that were inconsistent with neutral evolution (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6pd]), phosphoglucomutase [Pgm], trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase [Tps1], and glucose-6phosphatase [G6pase] encode G6P branch point enzymes that catalyze reactions at the entry point to the pentose-phosphate, glycogenic, trehalose synthesis, and gluconeogenic pathways. We reconcile these results with population genetics theory and existing arguments on metabolic regulation and propose that the incidence of adaptive selection in this system is related to the distribution of flux control. The data suggest that adaptive evolution of G6P branch point enzymes may have special significance in metabolic adaptation.
Energy and macronutrient intakes of professional football (soccer) players.
Authors: R J Maughan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

To examine the dietary habits of professional soccer players at two Scottish Premier League clubs during the competitive season.A study of the dietary intake of 51 professional soccer players with two different clubs was carried out by the seven day weighed intake method.Physical characteristics of the two groups of players were similar, with only small differences in age and body mass but no difference in height and body fat. Mean (SD) daily energy intake for club A was 11.0 (2.6) MJ, and for club B 12.8 (2.2) MJ. The higher energy intake at club B was largely accounted for by a higher (P < 0.005) fat intake (118 v 93 g d-1): there was no difference in the absolute amounts of protein, carbohydrate, or alcohol consumed. When expressed as a fraction of total energy intake, mean protein intake was higher (P < 0.05) and fat intake lower (P < 0.01) at club A.The mean energy intake of these players was not high compared with athletes in endurance sports. Fractional contribution of the macronutrients to total energy intake was broadly similar to that of the general population.
NAPKIN DERMATITIS WITH PSORIASIFORM "IDE". A REVIEW OF FIFTY-TWO CASES.
Authors: A. GIRDWOOD FERGUSSON, N. G. FRASER, P. W. GRANT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article NAPKIN DERMATITIS WITH PSORIASIFORM "IDE". A REVIEW OF FIFTY‐TWO CASES. Get access A. GIRDWOOD FERGUSSON, A. GIRDWOOD FERGUSSON The Department of Dermatology, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow, N.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. G. FRASER, N. G. FRASER The Department of Dermatology, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow, N.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. W. GRANT P. W. GRANT The Department of Dermatology, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow, N.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 5, 1 May 1966, Pages 289–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12224.x Published: 01 May 1966
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and cryptosporidiosis of difficult control
Authors: C.M.A. Jacob, A.P.M. Castro, A.C. Pastorino, E. Ciccone, A.M. Lima, L.V. Rizzo, G.A. Corradi, E.M.G. Carnide
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Physiological response to the six-minute walk test in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: G. Deboeck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to evaluate exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, little is known about the corresponding metabolic stress as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The present study, therefore, measured ventilatory variables and heart rate during the 6MWT and symptom-limited incremental maximal exercise testing in 20 patients with PAH. The distance walked in 6 min was 450±22 m (mean±se). During the 6MWT, ventilation, O<sub>2</sub> consumption, CO<sub>2</sub> production and heart rate increased during the first 3–4 min, and then remained stable. As compared with the maximum values measured during the cardiopulmonary exercise test, O<sub>2</sub> consumption tended to be higher (14.2±0.6 <i>versus</i> 12.9±0.7 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>), while maximum ventilation (46±3 <i>versus</i> 57±4 L·min<sup>−1</sup>), respiratory quotient (0.90±0.02 <i>versus</i> 1.15±0.02) and heart rate (119±4 <i>versus</i> 135±4 beats·min<sup>−1</sup>) remained lower. In conclusion, patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension exercise at higher aerobic capacity and lower metabolic stress during the 6MWT than during a cardiopulmonary exercise test.
Eukaryotic and Eubacterial Contributions to the Establishment of Plastid Proteome Estimated by Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses
Authors: K. Suzuki, S.-y. Miyagishima
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Plastids including chloroplasts arose from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont and have retained their own genome, but the size has been reduced to less than one-tenth of the original bacterial genome. Over time, genes essential to plastid function have been transferred from the ancestral plastid genome to the nucleus, and the gene products are now targeted into the plastid from the host cytosol. However, phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the functions of certain original proteins encoded by the endosymbiont genome have been replaced by nucleus-encoded proteins of noncyanobacterial origin and that several proteins have been newly added to maintain and control plastids. In order to evaluate the rate and origin of noncyanobacterial proteins that have contributed to the establishment of the plastid proteome, we performed phylogenetic analyses of plastid-targeted proteins that are shared by the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae (455 proteins) and the Viridiplanta Arabidopsis thaliana (744 proteins). Our results show that approximately 40% of the plastid proteome common to red algae and green plants originated from genes of both the ancestral eukaryotic host and various lineages of bacteria (eubacteria) other than cyanobacteria. The replacement or addition of components was frequently observed for most of the plastid functions except for the light reaction of photosynthesis and the translation and degradation of proteins in the plastid. These results suggest that a considerable amount of bacterial metagenomic material, as well as the genomes of the host and the endosymbiont, has contributed to the establishment of the plastid before the split of the red and green algae.
Intraluminal acid induces oesophageal shortening via capsaicin-sensitive neurokinin neurons
Authors: W. G Paterson, D. V Miller, N. Dilworth, J. B Assini, S. Lourenssen, M. G Blennerhassett
Journal: Gut (2007)

Intraluminal acid evokes reflex contraction of oesophageal longitudinal smooth muscle (LSM) and consequent oesophageal shortening. This reflex may play a role in the pathophysiology of oesophageal pain syndromes and hiatus hernia formation. The aim of the current study was to elucidate further the mechanisms of acid-induced oesophageal shortening.Intraluminal acid perfusion of the intact opossum smooth muscle oesophagus was performed in vitro in the presence and absence of neural blockade and pharmacological antagonism of the neurokinin 2 receptor, while continuously recording changes in oesophageal axial length. In addition, the effect of these antagonists on the contractile response of LSM strips to the mast cell degranulating agent 48/80 was determined. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to look for evidence of LSM innervation by substance P/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing axons.Intraluminal acid perfusion induced longitudinal axis shortening that was completely abolished by capsaicin desensitization, substance P desensitization, or the application of the neurokinin 2 receptor antagonist MEN10376. Compound 48/80 induced sustained contraction of LSM strips in a concentration-dependent fashion and this was associated with evidence of mast cell degranulation. The 48/80-induced LSM contraction was antagonized by capsaicin desensitization, substance P desensitization and MEN10376, but not tetrodotoxin. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous substance P/CGRP-containing neurons innervating the LSM and within the mucosa.This study suggests that luminal acid activates a reflex pathway involving mast cell degranulation, activation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and the release of substance P or a related neurokinin, which evokes sustained contraction of the oesophageal LSM. This pathway may be a target for treatment of oesophageal pain syndromes.
Aspirin inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori and enhances its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents
Authors: W H Wang
Journal: Gut (2003)

The role of Helicobacter pylori and aspirin in peptic ulcer formation and recurrence remains an important clinical topic. The interaction between aspirin and H pylori in vitro is also not clear. We investigated the effect of aspirin on the growth of H pylori and on the susceptibility of H pylori to antimicrobials.
Control lymphocyte subsets: Can one country's values serve for another's?
Authors: Wilson L. Mandala, Jintanat Ananworanich, Tanakorn Apornpong, Stephen J. Kerr, Jenny M. MacLennan, Celine Hanson, Tanyathip Jaimulwong, Esther N. Gondwe, Howard M. Rosenblatt, Torsak Bunupuradah, Malcolm E. Molyneux, Stephen A. Spector, Chitsanu Pancharoen, Rebecca S. Gelman, Calman A. MacLennan, William T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Effects of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition on Vascular Responses and Thrombosis in Canine Coronary Arteries
Authors: James K. Hennan, Jinbao Huang, Terrance D. Barrett, Edward M. Driscoll, David E. Willens, Andrew M. Park, Leslie J. Crofford, Benedict R. Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Prostanoid synthesis via the action of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a component of the inflammatory response. Prostacyclin, a product of COX-2 in vascular endothelium, has important physiological roles, such as increasing blood flow to injured tissues, reducing leukocyte adherence, and inhibiting platelet aggregation. We examined the possibility that selective COX-2 inhibition could suppress the protective effects of prostacyclin, resulting in an alteration of the hemostatic balance and vascular tone.Circumflex coronary artery thrombosis was induced in dogs by vascular electrolytic injury. Orally administered celecoxib (COX-2 inhibition) or high-dose aspirin (HDA) (COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition) did not alter time to occlusive thrombus formation compared with controls (celecoxib 77.7+/-7.2 minutes, HDA 72.0+/-18.5 minutes, control 93.0+/-21.8 minutes). Oral HDA with an endothelial recovery period (HDA-ER) (COX-1 inhibition) produced a significant increase in time to vessel occlusion (257.0+/-41.6 minutes). The observed increase in time to occlusion was abolished when celecoxib was administered to animals dosed with HDA-ER (80.7+/-20.6 minutes). The vasomotor effect of endothelium-derived prostacyclin was examined by monitoring coronary flow during intracoronary administration of arachidonic acid or acetylcholine. In celecoxib-treated animals, vasodilation in response to arachidonic acid was reduced significantly compared with controls.The results indicate important physiological roles for COX-2-derived prostacyclin and raise concerns regarding an increased risk of acute vascular events in patients receiving COX-2 inhibitors. The risk may be increased in individuals with underlying inflammatory disorders, including coronary artery disease.
Adeno-Associated Virus–Mediated Delivery of a Mutant Endostatin in Combination with Carboplatin Treatment Inhibits Orthotopic Growth of Ovarian Cancer and Improves Long-term Survival
Authors: Indira V. Subramanian, Tri Minh Bui Nguyen, Alexander M. Truskinovsky, Jakub Tolar, Bruce R. Blazar, Sundaram Ramakrishnan
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract A human ovarian cancer cell line, which migrates to mouse ovaries and establishes peritoneal carcinomatosis, was used to evaluate the cooperative effect of an antiangiogenic gene therapy combined with chemotherapy. The ovarian carcinoma cell line MA148 was genetically modified by “Sleeping Beauty” transposon-mediated delivery of DsRed2 fluorescent protein. Stable, high-level expression of DsRed protein enabled in vivo imaging of peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer. Both external and internal imaging, along with histopathology, showed migration of i.p. injected human ovarian cancer cell line to mouse ovaries. Using this model, we evaluated the effect of adeno-associated virus (AAV)–mediated expression of a mutant endostatin either alone or in combination with carboplatin treatment. A single i.m. injection of recombinant AAV (rAAV)-mutant human endostatin with P125A substitution (P125A-endostatin) showed sustained expression of mutant endostatin. Antiangiogenic gene therapy inhibited orthotopic growth of ovarian cancer and resulted in 33% long-term tumor-free survival. A single cycle of carboplatin treatment combined with mutant endostatin gene therapy resulted in 60% of the animals remaining tumor free for &amp;gt;200 days, which was significantly better than rAAV-LacZ and/or carboplatin. Combination treatment delayed tumor appearance in 40% of the animals, wherein the residual tumors were smaller in size with limited or no peritoneal metastasis. These studies suggest that AAV-mediated gene therapy of P125A-endostatin in combination with carboplatin is a useful method to inhibit peritoneal dissemination of ovarian carcinoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4319-28)
Evolution of the Adh locus in the Drosophila willistoni group: the loss of an intron, and shift in codon usage.
Authors: C L Anderson, E A Carew, J R Powell
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

We report here the DNA sequence of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh) cloned from Drosophila willistoni. The three major findings are as follows: (1) Relative to all other Adh genes known from Drosophila, D. willistoni Adh has the last intron precisely deleted; PCR directly from total genomic DNA indicates that the deletion exists in all members of the willistoni group but not in any other group, including the closely related saltans group. Otherwise the structure and predicted protein are very similar to those of other species. (2) There is a significant shift in codon usage, especially compared with that in D. melanogaster Adh. The most striking shift is from C to U in the wobble position (both third and first position). Unlike the codon-usage-bias pattern typical of highly biased genes in D. melanogaster, including Adh, D. willistoni has nearly 50% G + C in the third position. (3) The phylogenetic information provided by this new sequence is in agreement with almost all other molecular and morphological data, in placing the obscura group closer to the melanogaster group, with the willistoni group farther distant but still clearly within the subgenus Sophophora.