tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secondary Malignant Tumors of the Pericardium
Authors: DELORAN L. THURBER, JESSE E. EDWARDS, RICHARD W. P. ACHOR
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Among 13,314 necropsies following death from neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases performed at the Mayo Clinic from 1942 through 1958, 189 cases of secondary malignant lesions of the pericardium were demonstrated, an incidence of 1.42 per cent. Carcinoma of the lung and breast, the lymphomas, and leukemia constituted the large majority of the primary malignant lesions that caused the pericardial metastasis. Fifty-five of the 189 patients were adjudged to have had some impairment of cardiac function as a consequence of the pericardial metastasis and the following conclusions concern this group. 1. In 47 patients (86 per cent), the lesions were either the immediate or a contributory cause of death. 2. The most common mechanism whereby metastatic lesions in the pericardium interfered with cardiac function was by the development of pericardial effusion. Next in frequency was effusion combined with myocardial invasion and then cardiac constriction by tumor. Combinations of these processes with malignant encroachment on the great vessels and with invasion of coronary veins were the other mechanisms noted. Involvement of coronary arteries and the cardiac nerve supply was not noted. 3. Pericardial fluid was significant in causing tamponade in 31 cases. The fluid was frankly hemorrhagic in a small minority of these cases although fibrinous pericarditis was present in 45 (82 per cent) of the group. Pleural effusion was present in 48 (92 per cent) of 52 cases and was usually bilateral. Ascites was present in 22 (50 per cent) of 44 cases; the quantity was usually rather small. 4. Only one patient had metastasis to the pericardium without metastasis to other thoracic structures; exclusive of patients with leukemia, 43 (92 per cent) of 47 patients had extrathoracic metastatic lesions. 5. Dyspnea, cough, pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, and thoracic pain were the most commonly recorded signs and symptoms that might be related to the pericardial lesions. However, more specific signs and symptoms directing attention to pericardial or cardiac involvement were not commonly recorded. 6. The diagnosis of pericardial metastatic disease was suspected or established in only 16 (29 per cent) of the 55 patients, although 34 (62 per cent) either received treatment for congestive heart failure or were given roentgen therapy to mediastinal structures. 7. Of the 27 patients whose electrocardiograms were available, 25 had T-wave abnormalities, 22 had low QRS voltage, and 15 showed sinus tachycardia. 8. Thoracic roentgenograms, made on 53 patients, supplied clues to the diagnosis of pericardial malignancy in 28.
Quantitative Contribution of CD4 and CD8 to T Cell Antigen Receptor Serial Triggering
Authors: Antonella Viola, Mariolina Salio, Loretta Tuosto, Susanne Linkert, Oreste Acuto, Antonio Lanzavecchia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

CD4 and CD8 are thought to function as coreceptors by binding to the cognate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules recognized by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and initiating the signal transduction cascade. We report that during T cell–antigen-presenting cell interaction, triggered TCRs and coreceptors are downregulated and degraded with identical kinetics. This coordinated disappearance takes place whenever the TCR is triggered, even when the coreceptor does not engage the cognate MHC molecule and is the consequence of binding of the coreceptor-associated Lck to ZAP-70. The interaction of coreceptor and cognate MHC molecules is dispensable when T cells are stimulated by optimal ligands, but becomes crucial when suboptimal ligands are used. In the latter case the coreceptor increases the efficiency of TCR triggering without changing the activation threshold or the quality of the T cell response.
Respiratory muscle activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: J E White, M J Drinnan, A J Smithson, C J Griffiths, G J Gibson
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) periods of hypopnoea occur during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. METHODS--Ten patients with stable COPD were studied during nocturnal sleep. Detailed measurements were made of surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of several respiratory muscle groups and the accompanying chest wall motion using magnetometers. RESULTS--Hypopnoea occurred in association with eye movements during phasic rapid eye movement (pREM) sleep. During pREM sleep there were reductions in EMG activity of the intercostal, diaphragm, and upper airway muscles compared with non-REM sleep. Episodic hypopnoea due to partial upper airway occlusion ("obstructive" hypopnoea) was seen consistently in four subjects while the others showed the pattern of "central" hypopnoea accompanied by an overall reduction in inspiratory muscle activity. Although activity of the intercostal muscles was reduced relatively more than that of the diaphragm, lateral rib cage paradox (Hoover9s sign) was less obvious during pREM-related hypopnoea than during wakefulness or non-REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS--Hypopnoea during REM sleep in patients with COPD is associated with reduced inspiratory muscle activity. The pattern of hypopnoea may be either "obstructive" or "central" and is generally consistent within an individual. Relatively unopposed action of the diaphragm on the rib cage during REM sleep is not accompanied by greater lateral inspiratory paradox.
BIOMETRY OF CALCIUM, INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS, CHOLESTEROL, AND LIPOID PHOSPHORUS IN THE BLOOD OF RABBITS
Authors: Alvin R. Harnes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

Determinations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol and lipoid phosphorus were made on a series of animals recently received from the dealer for the purpose of determining the trends of these 4 blood constituents throughout the year with the degree of their respective variations and mathematical correlation. It was found that for the 80 animals examined, calcium varied from 14.5 +/-0.10 to 18.5 +/-0.39 mg. and inorganic phosphorus 4.960 +/-0.20 to 6.820 +/-0.20 mg. per 100 cc. of blood serum. Cholesterol varied from 51.1 +/-1.18 to 73.3 +/-1.34 mg. and lecithin from 94.8 +/-1.397 to 168.3 +/-10.18 mg. per 100 cc. of whole blood. Of the 6 possible combinations in calculating the coefficient of correlation for the trend throughout the experiment, 3 stand out as of mathematical significance, namely the following. Between inorganic phosphorus and lecithin the coefficient of correlation was found to be -0.794 +/-0.088; between calcium and cholesterol -0.887 +/-0.051 and between cholesterol and lecithin +0.560 +/-0.164.
Impact of the nutritional status on pulmonary function in COPD patients
Authors: Eya Tangour, Samira Mhamdi, Salsabil Dabboussi, Zied Moatameri, Chiraz Aichaouia, Amira Sellami, Sellami Amira, Haifa Zaibi, El Jary Alaa, Mohsen Khadhraoui, Rezaieg Cheikh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

COPD is acutally widely considered as a systemic disease and is associated with frequent nutritional disorders that may influence the outcome of the disease. To evaluate the relationships between the nutritional status (obesity and underweight) and the pulmonary function parameters, we report a retrospective study including 55 COPD patients managed between 2010 and 2013. The mean age of our patients was 62,45 years. Sex-ratio was at 5.87. The nutritional evaluation of our patients showed that 18 % of our patients had a BMI inferior to 18,5kg/m2, 41 % of our sample had a normal nutritional status, 12% had an overweight and 27% of cases were obese. Ten per cent of our patients presented with stageI COPD, 21% were at stage II and respectively 54% and 12% were at stages III and IV. Underweight was significantly associated with a lower lung function: average FEV1 in underweight patients was at 1.31 L (47% of predicted values: pred) versus 1.56 L in non underweight patients (56% of pred): p=0.02. Mean FVC was independent from underweight. The Tiffenau index was lower in underweight patient without reaching a statistically significative difference. Average FEV1 was similar in obese and non obese patients: 1.69 L (62% of pred) versus 1.59 L (58% of pred) p 0.06; Average FVC was significantly lower in obese patients: 2.57 L (76% of pred) versus 2.30 L (65% of pred): p =0.04. The Tiffenau Index was independent from obesity. The small airway’s obstruction was significantly more important in underweight patients (p=0.04). Underweight seems to be associated with a lower pulmonary function in COPD. The nutritional care should play an important role in multidisciplinary COPD management.
THE EFFECT OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND AMINOPTERIN ON EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE THYROIDITIS IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Hans L. Spiegelberg, Peter A. Miescher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The influence of 6-mercaptopurine and aminopterin was studied on immune response and immune thyroiditis in guinea pigs immunized with thyroid extract. 1. Both compounds depressed delayed hypersensitivity to thyroglobulin and immune thyroiditis. 2. Antibody formation to thyroglobulin was strongly depressed by aminopterin but not significantly influenced by 6-mercaptopurine. 3. Immune response and thyroiditis were suppressed as long as the compounds were administered; after discontinuation of treatment, immune response and thyroiditis appeared in the same time intervals as observed in control animals after initiation of immunization. 4. Treatment with 6-mercaptopurine and aminopterin 10 days after immunization lead to suppression of delayed hypersensitivity and thyroiditis. 5. Treatment with 6-mercaptopurine of animals after onset of thyroiditis lead to suppression of delayed hypersensitivity and disappearance or diminution of round cell infiltration in the thyroid. 6. The results are discussed in terms of the pathogenesis of experimental immune thyroiditis, the mode of action of these antimetabolites on this experimental immune disease, and in view of the potential value of these compounds in human diseases.
FGFR1 Is Essential for Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Feng Yang, Yongyou Zhang, Steven J. Ressler, Michael M. Ittmann, Gustavo E. Ayala, Truong D. Dang, Fen Wang, David R. Rowley
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

The fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is ectopically expressed in prostate carcinoma cells, but its functional contributions are undefined. In this study, we report the evaluation of a tissue-specific conditional deletion mutant generated in an ARR2PBi(Pbsn)-Cre/TRAMP/fgfr1(loxP/loxP) transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer. Mice lacking fgfr1, in prostate cells developed smaller tumors that also included distinct cancer foci still expressing fgfr1 indicating focal escape from gene excision. Tumors with confirmed fgfr1 deletion exhibited increased foci of early, well-differentiated cancer and phyllodes-type tumors, and tumors that escaped fgfr1 deletion primarily exhibited a poorly differentiated phenotype. Consistent with these phenotypes, mice carrying the fgfr1 null allele survived significantly longer than those without fgfr1 deletion. Most interestingly, all metastases were primarily negative for the fgfr1 null allele, exhibited high FGFR1 expression, and a neuroendocrine phenotype regardless of fgfr1 status in the primary tumors. Together, these results suggest a critical and permissive role of ectopic FGFR1 signaling in prostate tumorigenesis and particularly in mechanisms of metastasis.
C-reactive protein levels and clinically important predictive outcomes in stable COPD patients
Authors: J. P. de Torres, E. Cordoba-Lanus, C. López-Aguilar, M. Muros de Fuentes, A. Montejo de Garcini, A. Aguirre-Jaime, B. R. Celli, C. Casanova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and factors known to predict outcome in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The following were studied in 130 stable COPD patients: spirometry, lung volume, arterial oxygen tension ( P a,O 2 ), dyspnoea, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), body mass index, fat-free mass index, BODE (body mass index, obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise capacity), health-related quality of life, smoking status, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or disease, corticosteroid use and number of exacerbations in the previous year. CRP levels were measured in these patients and in 65 controls. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, any possible association with the predictors of outcomes was evaluated. CRP levels were higher in COPD patients than in controls (4.1 versus 1.8 mg·L −1 , respectively). Correlation was found with the following variables: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ; −0.23), FEV 1 % (−0.20), forced vital capacity (FVC; −0.24), FVC % (−0.24), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage (0.17), BODE (0.17), inspiratory capacity/total lung capacity (−0.20), P a,O 2 (−0.40) and 6MWD (−0.30). Using multivariate analysis, P a,O 2 and 6MWD manifested the strongest negative association with CRP levels. C-reactive protein levels in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients are best correlated with arterial oxygen tension and 6-min walk distance. This should be considered when C-reactive protein levels are measured in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
The receptor specificity of alloreactive T cells. Distinction between stimulator K, I, and Dr Products and degeneracy of third-party H-2 recognition by low-affinity T cells
Authors: ZA Nagy, BE Elliott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The specificity of binding of stimulator-derived H-2 antigens by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-activated T blasts was investigated under conditions of antigen excess. We have shown that the detectable proportion of alloantigen-binding blasts from primary MLC is a function of antigen concentration, and can represent up to more than 90 percent of total blasts, when the antigen is presented in the appropriate form (on mitomycin-treated viable stimulator cells, or membrane vesicles prepared from lipopolysaccharide blasts), and at nonlimiting concentration. Thus stimulator alloantigen-binding directly parallels the proliferative response and is not restricted to a subpopulation of T blasts. However, the marked dependence of the binding on antigen concentration indicates that cells with a wide range of receptor affinities for the stimulating determinants are involved. In view of this possibility, the specificity of binding by these cells was studied. We have demonstrated that stimulator K, I, and D region products are bound by nonoverlapping subpopulations of blasts, the sum of which may represent 93 percent of total blasts. Thus, specific distinction by these cells between different H-2 region products is not affected by the putative heterogeneity in terms of receptor affinities. However, specificity with respect to unrelated H-2 haplotypes is strictly dependent on antigen concentration. A preferential binding of stimulator membrane vesicles occurs at limiting concentrations; whereas the majority of blasts bind stimulator and third- party vesicles equally well at high vesicle concentrations. The binding of both vesicle types is specific in that it can be inhibited with the relevant anti-H-2 sera. Furthermore, stimulator and third-party vesicles seem to compete for binding sites on the same cells, as shown by cold antigen inhibition. From these results, we propose that there is an imperfect distinction between stimulator and third-party H-2 antigens by the majority of primary MLC blasts. In contrast, highly selected long-term MLC blasts do not bind third-party H-2 antigens at any concentration, and seem to have high affinity for the stimulating antigens. We conclude that large numbers of clones with low-affinity (cross- reactive) receptors are generated in primary MLC, most of which become eliminated during long-term selection. This implies that the frequency of cells strictly specific for nonshared stimulating determinants must be minute.
A comparison of respiratory function in Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian infants
Authors: J Stocks, M Gappa, PS Rabbette, AF Hoo, Z Mukhtar, KL Costeloe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Race is recognized as an important determinant of lung function in children and adults, but limited data exist for infants. Accurate interpretation of lung function tests during the neonatal period may depend on appropriate values for predicting normality. The aim of this study was to compare tidal breathing parameters, Hering-Breuer reflex (HBR) activity, and total respiratory compliance (Crs) in healthy newborn caucasian (white) and Afro-Caribbean (black) infants, to determine whether separate reference values were required for these two ethnic groups. Respiratory function was measured in 33 healthy black infants, 18 of whom were premature, and 33 healthy white infants matched for sex, gestational age, weight, postnatal age, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. There were no significant paired differences between black and white infants with respect to minute ventilation, respiratory frequency, the ratio of time to reach peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time, or HBR activity. Values of Crs were similar in black and white full-term infants (37.5 (SD 9.0) versus 35.0 (6.3) ml.kPa-1, respectively) suggesting that, in the immediate newborn period, separate reference values are not necessary for these parameters. However, Crs was somewhat lower in black than white preterm infants (26.0(5.2) versus 29.5(7.2) ml.kPa-1, this difference reaching statistical significance if results were expressed in relation to body weight (95% confidence interval of within-pair differences -4.0 to -0.02 ml.kPa-1 x kg-1; p < 0.05). We conclude that no separate reference values for tidal breathing, Hering-Breuer reflex activity or total respiratory compliance are required for white and black babies in the immediate newborn period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Plasticity of Repetitive DNA Sequences within a Bacterial (Type IV) Secretion System Component
Authors: Rahul A. Aras, Wolfgang Fischer, Guillermo I. Perez-Perez, MariaLuisa Crosatti, Takafumi Ando, Rainer Haas, Martin J. Blaser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

DNA rearrangement permits bacteria to regulate gene content and expression. In Helicobacter pylori, cagY, which contains an extraordinary number of direct DNA repeats, encodes a surface-exposed subunit of a (type IV) bacterial secretory system. Examining potential DNA rearrangements involving the cagY repeats indicated that recombination events invariably yield in-frame open reading frames, producing alternatively expressed genes. In individual hosts, H. pylori cell populations include strains that produce CagY proteins that differ in size, due to the predicted in-frame deletions or duplications, and elicit minimal or no host antibody recognition. Using repetitive DNA, H. pylori rearrangements in a host-exposed subunit of a conserved bacterial secretion system may permit a novel form of antigenic evasion.
International expert panel on inflammatory breast cancer: consensus statement for standardized diagnosis and treatment
Authors: S. Dawood, S.D. Merajver, P. Viens, P.B. Vermeulen, S.M. Swain, T.A. Buchholz, L.Y. Dirix, P.H. Levine, A. Lucci, S. Krishnamurthy, F.M. Robertson, W.A. Woodward, W.T. Yang, N.T. Ueno, M. Cristofanilli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Developmental Biology of T Cells in T Cell-Receptor Transgenic Mice
Authors: Harold von Boehmer
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1990)

Article de synthese sur la selection du repertoire des cellules T parmi les cellules T immatures. L'etude est faite chez des souris transgeniques pour le recepteur des cellules T(TCR) ou une grande proportion des cellules T qui expriment un recepteur defini par sa specificite ainsi que par des anticorps monoclonaux peuvent etre suivies au cours de leur developpement dans differents environnements. La question des cellules T regulatrices putatives est abordee chez une souris qui a un systeme immunitaire quasi-monoclonal: des genes rearranges du TCR sont introduits dans des souris avec un deficit dans le rearrangement du TCR, les souris Scid, qui ont un immunodeficit mixte grave
An Anti‐Clogging 3D Porous Membrane for Sorting and Patterning of Micro‐Entities
Authors: Shashi Ranjan, Subramanian Tamil Selvan, Yong Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

A 3D porous membrane containing pyramidal microstructures around funnel-like pores is demonstrated as a unique anti-clogging porous membrane for high efficiency sorting and patterning of cells/beads. The membrane exhibits four interesting features: anti-clogging, patterning of micro-entities of different sizes, bi-directional separation and simultaneous separation and patterning of micro-entities. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
URINARY SIDEROSIS
Authors: Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

In diseases which bring about a siderosis of the kidney there are ordinarily present in the urinary sediment cells containing granules of hemosiderin, and often many free granules as well. The finding has proved useful in the diagnosis of hemochromatosis and will probably be of service in the recognition of pernicious anemia, and possibly some other diseases. But in this relation the fact should be emphasized that urinary siderosis, as one may term it, is the indication of a renal condition, not of a disease.
Mutagen Sensitivity: A Genetic Predisposition Factor for Cancer
Authors: Xifeng Wu, Jian Gu, Margaret R. Spitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Mutagen sensitivity, measured by quantifying the chromatid breaks induced by mutagens in short-term cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes, has been used as an indirect measure of DNA repair capacity. Numerous epidemiologic studies have suggested that mutagen sensitivity is a cancer susceptibility factor for a variety of epithelial cancers. A recent classic twin study examined systematically the role of genetic and environmental factors on the mutagen sensitivity phenotype and provided compelling evidence that mutagen sensitivity is highly heritable. A new prospective analysis provides further support to the notion that mutagen sensitivity increases the risk of cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize nearly two decades of epidemiologic and genetic studies linking mutagen sensitivity and cancer risk. The evidence is becoming increasingly convincing that mutagen sensitivity is a risk factor for cancer development. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3493–5]