tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Littoral-Cell Angioma as a Cause of Splenomegaly
Authors: Cristina Mihaela Dascalescu, Dominique Wendum, Norbert Claude Gorin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: Littoral-cell angioma is a rare primary tumor of the spleen.1 Considered a benign condition, littoral-cell angioma arises from the normal littoral cells lining the sinus channels of the splenic red pulp. A 59-year-old woman with a six-month history of fatigue, low-grade fever, weight loss, sweats, and diffuse abdominal pain was admitted for an elective splenectomy. Physical examination revealed a palpable spleen. All laboratory tests were normal. An enhanced computed tomographic scan of the abdomen disclosed an enlarged spleen with multiple scattered low-attenuation nodular masses (Figure 1). The 430-g resected spleen (16 by 13 by 7 cm) had . . .
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency and Ocular Phenotype in Ectrodactyly-Ectodermal Dysplasia-Clefting Syndrome Caused by p63 Mutations
Authors: Enzo Di Iorio, Stephen B. Kaye, Diego Ponzin, Vanessa Barbaro, Stefano Ferrari, Elisabetta Böhm, Paola Nardiello, Giuseppe Castaldo, John A. McGrath, Colin E. Willoughby
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
The Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Women with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Marvin Forland, Virginia L Thomas
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Forty-five women with diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infections have been followed an average of 34 mo on treatment protocols based on localization of infection as determined by the presence or absence of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB). Treatment was usually, but not exclusively, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Two weeks of oral therapy was equally efficacious to 6 wk of treatment in asymptomatic women with antibody-coated bacteria (ACB)-positive infection in eradicating bacteriuria. Recurrences in all groups were predominantly reinfections with differing serotypes or species of microorganisms. The sustained remission rate (fractional extraction) after initial treatment was similar to other reported groups, but possibly less efficacious with recurrences. Suppressive therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for repeated recurrences effectively prevented infection but provided no posttreatment benefit. A high prevalence of underlying structural genitourinary tract abnormalities, usually detectable on pelvic examination, and which were not direct consequences of diabetes mellitus, were possible contributing factors to recurrent infection in this patient group. Progressive elevation in serum creatinine in seven patients with initial ACB-positive infections appeared to relate more closely to diabetic nephropathy rather than chronic pyelonephritis. ACB-positivity correlated well with elevated serum antibody titers and the presence of underlying anatomic abnormalities, but ACB categorization did not lead to improved therapeutic strategy or outcome and hence was of limited clinical usefulness.
Biochemical studies of the tracheobronchial epithelium.
Authors: M J Mass, D G Kaufman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Tracheobronchial epithelium has been a focus of intense investigation in the field of chemical carcinogenesis. We have reviewed some biochemical investigations that have evolved through linkage with carcinogenesis research. These areas of investigation have included kinetics of carcinogen metabolism, identification of carcinogen metabolites, levels of carcinogen binding to DNA, and analysis of carcinogen-DNA adducts. Such studies appear to have provided a reasonable explanation for the susceptibilities of the respiratory tracts of rats and hamsters to carcinogenesis by benzo(a)pyrene. Coinciding with the attempts to understand the initiation of carcinogenesis in the respiratory tract has also been a major thrust aimed at effecting its prevention both in humans and in animal models for human bronchogenic carcinoma. These studies have concerned the effects of derivatives of vitamin A (retinoids) and their influence on normal cell biology and biochemistry of this tissue. Recent investigations have included the effects of retinoid deficiency on the synthesis of RNA and the identification of RNA species associated with this biological state, and also have included the effects of retinoids on the synthesis of mucus-related glycoproteins. Tracheal organ cultures from retinoid-deficient hamsters have been used successfully to indicate the potency of synthetic retinoids by monitoring the reversal of squamous metaplasia. Techniques applied to this tissue have also served to elucidate features of the metabolism of retinoic acid using high pressure liquid chromatography. In brief, formidable strides have been made in biochemistry specific to this important target tissue, despite the inability to acquire tracheobronchial epithelium in large quantities.
A prospective study of nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the liver unit of a tertiary care center
Authors: E. Martinez-Bauer, X. Forns, M. Garcia-Retortillo, M. Martin, A. Feliu, M. Navasa, J.M. Sanchez-Tapias, M. Bruguera, J. Rodes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Increase in serum cholesterol during phenytoin treatment.
Authors: R Pelkonen, R Fogelholm, E A Nikkila
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Increase in serum cholesterol during phenytoin treatmentLong-term treatment with phenytoin is often accompanied by various metabolic and endocrine abnormalities.Particular attention has been paid to effects on pancreatic p-cells, where it inhibits the release of insulin and suppresses the response of plasma insulin to various stimuli.I Phenytoin also influences thyroid function, reducing serum levels of thyroid hormones and increasing thyroid-stimulating hormone.2Since serum lipid levels are increased in both insulin deficiency and thyroid hypofunction a prospective study of serum lipids, glucose tolerance, and insulin response in patients on phenytoin has been carried out. Patients, methods, and resultsEleven formerly untreated patients with epilepsy aged 15-58 years were studied before the institution of phenytoin treatment and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months afterwards.Their weights ranged from 89% to 116% of normal, and their serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels ranged from 4-7 to 9-4
Treatment of Hyperthyroid Disease
Authors: Irwin Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To evaluate treatments for hyperthyroid disease. Data Sources: Selected studies published during the last 20 years addressing the diagnosis, causes, and treatment of hyperthyroid disease. Study Selection: Studies were chosen based on their usefulness in addressing specific points in the treatment of hyperthyroid disease. Data Extraction: Various treatment principles extracted from the references form the basis for the conclusions and recommendations made here. Results: Hyperthyroid disease is a common endocrine disease. Although Graves disease is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, other primary and secondary causes exist. With classic signs and symptoms accompanied by confirmatory laboratory measures of thyroid hyperfunction, the diagnosis can be established firmly. Radioiodine is the preferred method to treat Graves disease; however, recent data concerning treatment with a combination of propylthiouracil and thyroxine require further evaluation to establish its efficacy. Radioiodine is also the preferred treatment for the other forms of hyperthyroid disease; however, patient-specific considerations in both may require patient-tailored therapies. Conclusions: Hyperthyroid disease can be treated definitively for most patients. Palliative therapy with β-adrenergic blockade is useful in some patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether more recently described treatments have improved efficacy and whether therapy directed specifically at the underlying immunologic cause of Graves disease can be used successfully.
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.SECTION OF DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOGKAPHY. First Session, June 7, 1892.
Authors: L. Duncan Bulkley
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Names of those registering at the Sessions of the Section on Dermatology and Syphilography, American Medical Association, Detroit, June, 1892:—J. E. Atkinson, Baltimore, Md.; A. P. Biddle, Detroit, Mich.; L. W. Bliss, Saginaw, Mich.; W. F. Breakey, Ann Arbor, Mich.; L. Duncan Bulkley, New York, N. Y.; A. E. Carrier, Detroit, Mich.; A. B. Chapin, Mount Clemens, Mich.; E.W.Davis, Saginaw, Mich. L. A. Duhring, Philadelphia, Pa.; M. V. B. Dunham, Greenfield Hill, Conn.; W. H. Dunlap, Syracuse, N. Y.; James H. Dunn, Minneapolis, Minn.; J. Orton Edie, Grand Rapids, Mich.; H. F. Ewers, Union City, Mich.; M. Felton, Troy, N. Y.; D.E.Fuller,Hastings,Mich.; E.P.Garry,Boston,Mass.; J.C.Hannan, Hoosac Falls,Mass.; E.B.Harrison,Napoleon, Ohio; A. Hazle wood, Grand Rapids, Mich.; M.L.Herr, Lancaster, Pa.; J.W. Holiday, Barber's Creek, Ga.; A.M.Hume, Owosso, Mich.; John L. Irwin, Detroit, Mich.; Samuel C. Johnson, Hudson, Mo.; J. K. Leaning, Cooperstown, N. Y.; G.Frank Lydston,Chicago,111.; James A.Lydston, Chicago, 111.; Geo. J. McKelway,
Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Subjects with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: PETER V. DICPINIGAITIS, DAVID R. GRIMM, MARVIN LESSER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

An effective cough requires an intact cough reflex as well as adequate respiratory muscle function to generate elevated intrathoracic pressures. Since the major muscles of expiration are innervated by the first thoracic segment and below, transection of the cervical spinal cord results in severely compromised expiratory function and cough. To investigate the effects of cervical spinal cord injury (C-SCI) on cough reflex sensitivity, we measured responsiveness to inhaled capsaicin in 12 male subjects with chronic C-SCI and compared findings to those from a control group of 50 able-bodied men. The concentrations ( μ M) of capsaicin inducing two or more (C2) and five or more coughs (C5) did not significantly differ between the two groups. Mean ( ± SEM) values for log C2 in subjects with C-SCI and control subjects were 0.65 ± 0.15 and 0.87 ± 0.07, respectively (p = 0.15). Mean values for log C5 in subjects with C-SCI and control subjects were 1.43 ± 0.23 and 1.41 ± 0.08, respectively (p = 0.94). We conclude that cough reflex sensitivity is preserved after C-SCI, and that ineffective cough in this population results primarily from the loss of innervation of respiratory muscles.
Experiments on animals.
Authors: P. Singer
Journal: BMJ (1989)

term beds might be needed per head of population.It merely observed that the most important groups would be elderly people with chronic organic brain syndromes, elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia who had already spent most of their lives in hospital, new schizophrenics who failed to respond to energetic treatment, some people with chronic affective disorders, and a few brain damaged alcoholics.The working party's most interesting suggestions, however, concerned the type of hospital such patients are likely to need.It was emphatic that neither existing mental illness hospitals nor units in district general hospitals alone would provide an adequate basis for inpatient care.Instead, it suggested creating a "mental health campus," which might, if situated sufficiently centrally, develop on the site of an existing mental hospital.The campus would contain a range of distinct facilities, including separate assessment and short term care units for geriatric and younger patients, separate medium term to long term units for the elderly developing dementia and for young patients, a special unit for brain damaged patients with intractable behavioural problems, and day hospitals.The main campus would be surrounded by smaller satellite units on other sites and would act as "a nucleus around which community care in its various guises can be planned and deployed."The frequent and regular movement of staff of all disciplines between the campus and its satellites would be "an essential element."The most important issue remains unresolved, however: how many beds will be needed in the future and for whom?No one doubts that the improved community facilities the government's long delayed acceptance of the Griffiths recom- mendations should eventually create should give scope for further reductions in hospital populations, particularly in Scotland, which still had 319 inpatients per 100 000 population in 1985.6At the same time it seems likely that the cost of treating the most severely disabled patients in the community will exceed that of traditional residential care if unacceptable burdens are not to be placed on families and friends."'If the health departments are seriously interested in health services research here is a problem crying out for attention.
O168 THE FIRST PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS (PBC) PHASE 3 TRIAL IN TWO DECADES – AN INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF THE FXR AGONIST OBETICHOLIC ACID IN PBC PATIENTS
Authors: F. Nevens, P. Andreone, G. Mazzella, S. Strasser, C. Bowlus, P. Invernizzi, J. Drenth, P. Pockros, J. Regula, B. Hansen, R. Hooshmand-Rad, S. Sheeron, D. Shapiro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A Plan of Action in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Joyce D. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Even with mouth-to-mouth breathing and closed-chest cardiac massage, treatment of the usual hospital patient in cardiac arrest is difficult because equipment, medication, and several well-trained people must be mobilized to the patient's bedside within four minutes. A detailed plan of action for treatment in this emergency was therefore developed at the Latter-Day Saints Hospital in Salt Lake City in 1961. In the past 19 months, 18 patients have been successfully resuscitated; five of them are alive today. This plan has consistently been very successful in providing the patient with the necessary help well within the four-minute time limit. It was found, however, that successful resuscitation depended not only on planning and organization, but also on perseverance in continued orientation and training of personnel.
Influence of autonomic nervous system stimulation on the protective zone
Authors: W. W BROOKS, R. L VERRIER, B. LOWN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

The effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the vulnerable period threshold and the protective zone was studied in chloralose-anaesthetised dogs. Sympathetic stimulation substantially decreased the repetitive extrasystole threshold and shifted the timing of the protective zone earlier into diastole. Vagus nerve excitation exerted the opposite effect on both electrophysiological properties. During concurrent sympathetic nerve stimulation, the changes produced by vagal activation were accentuated. These findings suggest that parasympathetic influences on the protective zone are due, in part, to an antagonism of adrenergic effects on ventricular electrical properties.
Abstract 4970: Complex regulation of RIP140 gene expression by E2F transcription factors
Authors: Aurelie Docquier, Pierre-Olivier Harmand, Samuel Fritsch, Eric Badia, Lluis Fajas, Patrick Augereau, Vincent Cavailles
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We recently showed that RIP140 (Receptor Interacting protein of 140 kDa), a regulator of nuclear receptor activity, was involved in the control of cell proliferation and able to repress E2F1 activity. We now demonstrate that RIP140 and E2F1 comprise a novel transcriptional regulatory loop. We first observed that RIP140 mRNA levels increased during the G1/S and G2/M transitions and were reduced in tissues from E2F1 null mice. Furthermore, we identified the RIP140 gene as a transcriptional target of E2F1, showing, by transient transfection, that overexpression of E2F1/DP1 strongly increased transcription of the RIP140 promoter. Bioinformatic analysis identified several binding sites for E2Fs in the proximal promoter region and we evidenced the direct binding of E2F1/DP1 on these sequences by gel shift analysis. However, site directed mutagenesis of these elements only modestly affected transactivation of the RIP140 promoter by E2F1/DP1, thus suggesting an indirect recruitment of E2Fs on the promoter. This was strengthened by the observation that overexpression of E2F1, 2 or 3 alone was very potent in increasing transcription from the RIP140 promoter. Moreover, overexpression of DP1 produced a negative effect on this regulation which was also strongly repressed by RIP140 itself. Altogether, these results revealed a complex control loop between E2Fs and RIP140 and the molecular mechanisms underlying these atypical regulations are currently under investigation. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4970.
Statistical learning and prejudice
Authors: Guy Madison, Fredrik Ullén
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Human behavior is guided by evolutionarily shaped brain mechanisms that make statistical predictions based on limited information. Such mechanisms are important for facilitating interpersonal relationships, avoiding dangers, and seizing opportunities in social interaction. We thus suggest that it is essential for analyses of prejudice and prejudice reduction to take the predictive accuracy and adaptivity of the studied prejudices into account.
Atlas of Experimental Immunology and Immunopathology
Authors: Cecil A. Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Every investigator or teacher in the biological sciences, even though not an immunologist, is expected to have more than a passing acquaintance with the important and expanding field of immunology. There has been a need for a concise, up-to-date survey of the subject, precisely for such an individual who has neither the time nor the inclination to plow through the ordinary text on immunology or to follow its extensive literature. Dr. Waksman has in a way supplied such a need by publishing this atlas. There are 63 pages of text divided into 23 sections. The text for each section precedes and helps to explain the illustrations which follow. There is a substantial bibliography and an appropriate index. The text is lucid with enough of the author's bias in it to make it clear to the reader that immunology has many problems which must still be solved. The illustrations are superb.
Right Ventricular Pacing Can Induce Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Atrioventricular Node Ablation
Authors: Laurens F. Tops, Martin J. Schalij, Eduard R. Holman, Lieselot van Erven, Ernst E. van der Wall, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Lymphoscintigraphic SPECT/CT Localization of a Sentinel Node in an Unusual Position
Authors: Alejandro Andrés, Leticia Tardín, Paula Razola, Albert Santapau, Enrique Prats, Ramon Sousa, Fausto García, Javier Banzo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 57-year-old woman with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast underwent lymph node scintigraphy with Tc-99m-nanocolloid for preoperative sentinel node localization. On planar images, an unusual pattern of lymphatic drainage was observed. We performed a chest SPECT/CT, revealing an interpectoral sentinel node, ie, Rotter's node. The patient underwent radioguided surgery and the sentinel node was located intraoperatively, and found to be disease-free. SPECT/CT fusion techniques have enhanced precision in locating sentinel nodes, enabling the surgeon to shorten surgical times.
The Proapoptotic Factors Bax and Bak Regulate T Cell Proliferation through Control of Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Homeostasis
Authors: Russell G. Jones, Thi Bui, Carl White, Muniswamy Madesh, Connie M. Krawczyk, Tullia Lindsten, Brian J. Hawkins, Sara Kubek, Kenneth A. Frauwirth, Y. Lynn Wang, Stuart J. Conway, H. Llewelyn Roderick, Martin D. Bootman, Hao Shen, J. Kevin Foskett, Craig B. Thompson
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Top health officials adopt global plan to cut obesity
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

After months of tough negotiations with sugar producers, the 192 nation World Health Organization adopted a global plan last weekend to help millions of people avoid obesity and other chronic diseases by adopting a healthy diet.

The plan was requested by governments as guidelines for setting health policy to combat the rise in obesity, heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes—non-infectious, often preventable diseases that WHO says account for 60% of deaths globally. Most of those deaths are now in developing countries, it says.

WHO's Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health, a 22 page …
Pituitary-Testicular Function in Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Constance L. Chik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To evaluate reproductive function in patients with cystinosis and in renal transplant recipients without cystinosis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health. Patients: Ten male patients, 15 to 28 years old, with nephropathic cystinosis and renal allografts formed the study group; 11 renal transplant recipients who had a primary renal disorder other than cystinosis and were matched with study patients for age and renal function served as the control group. Measurements: Tanner staging, serum gonadotropin determinations, and testosterone and testosterone-binding globulin assessments. Selected patients also had a human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation test, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test, and serial sampling for luteinizing hormone (LH). Main Results: Although testosterone levels were within normal limits in 7 of 10 patients with cystinosis, the mean testosterone level in patients with cystinosis was 11.5 2.0 nmol/L compared with 24.2 3.0 nmol/L in control patients (P < 0.005). No patient with cystinosis reached Tanner stage 5 (full pubertal development), whereas 9 of 11 control patients did. Seven of 10 patients with cystinosis had elevations in LH or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, suggesting testicular failure. These patients also had normal LH and FSH responses after GnRH stimulation, increased LH pulse frequency, and reduced testosterone response after HCG stimulation. In comparison, only 3 of 11 control patients had minimally elevated gonadotropin levels, and all 11 had normal testosterone levels. Microscopic testicular examination in one patient showed cystine crystals, germinal dysplasia, increased fibrosis, and Leydig cell hyperplasia. Conclusions: Abnormalities in the pituitary-testicular axis are common in male patients with cystinosis. These changes appear to be related to the disease cystinosis and not to treated renal failure per se.