tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug companies frame rules to work with NHS
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2004)

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Acute Cholecystitis Detected on a Tc-99m Sestamibi Myocardial Imaging
Authors: ALLISON E. LAMONT, JUDITH M. JOYCE, STANLEY J. GROSSMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

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Disturbed Urinary Flow: Urethral Dynamics
Authors: Samuel J. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Physicians could resolve their differences about the "urethral syndrome" (<b>199</b>:221, 1967;<b>184</b>:894, 1963), I believe, if they focused less on "inflammatory changes" and more on disturbed urethral dynamics. The urethra and the para-urethral system (male and female prostate) communicate. Normal function, therefore, would require an equilibrium between these systems and the dynamics of urethral flow. Urethral narrowings, as at the verumontanum, increase velocity in the region where most prostatic ducts open, and, like the venturi of a faucet aspirator, decrease static pressure<sup>1</sup>which probably assists glandular secretion. In women, a sudden steep fall in static pressure occurs immediately proximal to the external orifice.<sup>1</sup> Obstruction, as long as the pump (bladder) can compensate, produces abnormal forces: velocities which generate traumatic shearing effects; negative pressures which may elevate layers of epithelium; turbulence and regurgitation<sup>2</sup>which may compound obstruction; and increased lateral pressures which may
Abstract 2594: Reovirus replication in ovarian and peritoneal tumors after intravenous administration
Authors: Mitch A. Phelps, David E. Cohn, David M. O'Malley, Lai Wei, Deidre Wilkins, Angela Campbell, Larry J. Schaaf, Matthew C. Coffey, Miguel A. Villalona-Calero, Michael R. Grever, Gerard J. Nuovo, James A. Zwiebel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Reovirus Serotype 3 - Dearing Strain is an oncolytic virus under clinical evaluation for treatment of solid tumor malignancies. We initiated a phase 1/2 study with reovirus in patients with ovarian, primary peritoneal and fallopian tube carcinoma. The objectives of the correlative studies in this trial include the verification of reovirus penetration and replication in ovarian and peritoneal tumors after IV and IP reovirus administration and to evaluate tumor RAS pathway activation status as a marker for reovirus activity in this patient population. Methods: Percutaneous tumor biopsies and ascites fluid were collected at various times during therapy from patients receiving reovirus via both IV and IP routes. Biopsied tissue and cell preparations from ascites were evaluated for reovirus capsid particles via electron microscopy (EM) and viral protein via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The presence of viral RNA and transcribed DNA are evaluated via reverse-transcriptase in situ PCR (RTISPCR). IHC for phosphorylated ERK (pERK) is applied to determine RAS pathway activation status. Results: To date, 5 patients have been accrued and treated on trial. Preliminary evaluation with IHC indicates the presence of viral protein in the biopsied ovarian and peritoneal tissue samples from a subset of these patients after IV administration of reovirus. Completion of EM, RTISPCR, and pERK IHC on biopsied tissues and ascites samples is in progress. Conclusions: Results to date display evidence of viral replication in peritoneal and ovarian cancer cells after IV administration of reovirus. This data represents the first observation of reovirus penetration into the peritoneal space after systemic drug administration. Completion of correlative analyses will further characterize the ability of reovirus to penetrate and replicate within the IP space and ascites after IV and IP administration. Furthermore, the selective viral infection and replication within RAS-pathway-activated tumor cells will be assessed. Results of all correlatives will be presented at the meeting. This work is supported by the NCI, grant U01CA076576 and contract NO1CM62207. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2594.
Treatment of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis and prospective follow-up of 17 kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Marília Marufuji Ogawa, Nelson Zocoler Galante, Patrício Godoy, Olga Fischman-Gompertz, Flavia Martelli, Arnaldo Lopes Colombo, Jane Tomimori, José Osmar Medina-Pestana
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
Study indicates diabetes drug linked to cardiovascular death
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Study indicates diabetes drug linked to cardiovascular death Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Allergen provocation increases TH2‐cytokines and FOXP3 expression in the asthmatic lung
Authors: S. Thunberg, G. Gafvelin, M. Nord, R. Grönneberg, J. Grunewald, A. Eklund, M. Van Hage
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Allergic asthma is caused by allergen-specific IgE and T-helper cell (Th) type 2 responses towards airborne allergens. The objective of this study was to investigate local and systemic regulatory mechanisms in the early asthmatic response to bronchial allergen provocation.Birch pollen-allergic patients with mild asthma (n = 13) and healthy nonallergic controls (n = 14) were subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood sampling. On patients BAL was performed twice: without preceding provocation ('before samples') and 24 h after bronchial provocation with birch pollen allergen. Lymphocytes in BAL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were phenotyped by multi-colour flow cytometry and cytokines measured by cytometric bead array. Proliferation and secreted cytokines were analysed in allergen-stimulated PBMCs, CD25(+) depleted PBMCs and PBMCs with IL-10 neutralizing antibodies.The numbers of CD69(+) and FOXP3(+) lymphocytes were higher in BAL after compared with before allergen provocation in asthmatic patients. Moreover, allergen provocation increased expression of FOXP3 in CD4(+)CD25(bright) cells. The cytokine profile in BAL fluid from asthmatics revealed higher levels of IL-5, compared with the controls, and an increase in IL-5, IL-6, IL-9 and IL-10 after allergen provocation. Pollen allergen stimulated PBMC cultures from asthmatic patients produced elevated levels of IL-5 and IL-13 compared with the controls, which were not affected by depletion of CD25(+) cells or IL-10 neutralization.Despite an increase in CD4(+)CD25(bright) cells expressing high levels of FOXP3 in response to bronchial allergen provocation, asthmatic patients exhibit enhanced levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung, which may indicate an inability among infiltrating cells to suppress Th2 responses.
Interconnecting molecular pathways in the pathogenesis and drug sensitivity of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Takaomi Sanda, Xiaoyu Li, Alejandro Gutierrez, Yebin Ahn, Donna S. Neuberg, Jennifer O'Neil, Peter R. Strack, Christopher G. Winter, Stuart S. Winter, Richard S. Larson, Harald von Boehmer, A. Thomas Look
Journal: Blood (2009)
Hypertension-Hypotension in Pregnancy
Authors: Emanuel A. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Data from 38,636 pregnant women were studied to determine the best criteria for diagnosing pregnancy hypertension based on the constellation of clinical factors yielding poorest perinatal and long-term results to the offspring. It was found that the combination of maximum diastolic blood pressure and maximum proteinuria, as observed during the interval 28 weeks to term, provided the closest correlation with outcome. This information offered an objective means for establishing a classification of hypertension-hypotension in late pregnancy.
Managing the health of prisoners
Authors: A. Gatherer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A challenge to our professionalism and commitment to protect public health 

It is too often forgotten that prisoners are part of society and that their health is an important public health concern. Failure to pay due attention to the health and social needs of prisoners is negligent, undermines their human rights, and allows health inequalities to persist. Prisons often have old and inadequate facilities, are overcrowded, contain some of the most vulnerable people in society, and tend towards poor regular data collection and monitoring of health, which often leads to bypassing of health surveillance systems. All of this means that they often fail to carry out the first duty of public health—the protection of health.

Stephen Ginn’s series of five articles on the health of prisoners in England and Wales shone a welcome spotlight on this problem.1 2 3 4 5 The articles deal comprehensively with the main challenges that confront prison health and show the complexity and wide range of ill health that can exist. Most prisons have to cope with whoever is sentenced by the courts and cannot choose which prisoners they receive, even if they do not have the facilities needed. Some progress …
Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Lead, and Mercury Are Associated with Liver Disease in American Adults: NHANES 2003–2004
Authors: Matt Cave, Savitri Appana, Mihir Patel, Keith Cameron Falkner, Craig J. McClain, Guy Brock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

High-level occupational exposures to some industrial chemicals have been associated with liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the potential role of low-level environmental pollution on liver disease in the general population has not been evaluated.We determined whether environmental pollutants are associated with an elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and suspected NAFLD in U.S. adults.This cross-sectional cohort study evaluated adult participants without viral hepatitis, hemochromatosis, or alcoholic liver disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2003-2004. ALT elevation was defined in men as ≥ 37 IU/L (age 18-20 years) and ≥ 48 IU/L (age ≥ 21 years) and in women as ≥ 30 IU/L (age 18-20 years) and ≥ 31 IU/L (age ≥ 21 years). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for ALT elevation were determined across exposure quartiles for 17 pollutant subclasses comprising 111 individual pollutants present with at least a 60% detection rate. Adjustments were made for age, race/ethnicity, sex, body mass index, poverty income ratio, and insulin resistance. Individual pollutants from subclasses associated with ALT elevation were subsequently analyzed.The overall prevalence of ALT elevation was 10.6%. Heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were associated with dose-dependent increased adjusted ORs for ALT elevation. Within these subclasses, increasing whole-blood levels of lead and mercury and increasing lipid-adjusted serum levels of 20 PCBs were individually associated with ALT elevation.PCB, lead, and mercury exposures were associated with unexplained ALT elevation, a proxy marker of NAFLD, in NHANES 2003-2004 adult participants.
Neurochemical coding in the small intestine of patients with Crohn's disease.
Authors: A Belai, P B Boulos, T Robson, G Burnstock
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: There have been conflicting results regarding the effect of Crohn9s disease on the neurochemical composition of the enteric nervous system. AIMS: To examine the effect of Crohn9s disease on the neurochemical composition of enteric nerve fibres and cell bodies using whole mount preparations of human ileum. METHODS: Whole wall ileum from seven normal subjects and nine patients with Crohn9s disease was used to investigate the neurochemical composition of neurones and nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus, circular muscle, and serosa layer of ileum using immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: Increased tyrosine hydroxylase, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was exclusively seen in the myenteric plexus. There was increased neurofilament immunoreactivity in the myenteric plexus and nerve fibres of the circular muscle layer, and thick bundles of immunoreactive nerve fibres in the serosa layer. Increased vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, nitric oxide synthase, and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide immunoreactivity was seen in the myenteric plexus and nerve fibres of the circular muscle layer, and aggregates of inflammatory cells in the serosa layer of the afflicted segment of Crohn9s ileum. In addition, there was a chaotic display of nerve fibres containing some of the neuroactive substances with a high frequency of enlarged varicosities in the myenteric ganglia and/or nerve fibres of the circular muscle layer of Crohn9s ileum. CONCLUSION: Results show quantitative as well as qualitative changes in the neurochemical composition of enteric nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies of Crohn9s ileum. These changes and the presence of nitric oxide synthase and peptides immunoreactive inflammatory cells in the serosa layer suggest that nerve-immune interactions may have a significant role in the process of the inflammatory changes seen in Crohn9s ileitis.
Prenatal and early-life exposures alter expression of innate immunity genes: The PASTURE cohort study
Authors: Georg Loss, Sondhja Bitter, Johanna Wohlgensinger, Remo Frei, Caroline Roduit, Jon Genuneit, Juha Pekkanen, Marjut Roponen, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Marie-Laure Dalphin, Josef Riedler, Erika von Mutius, Juliane Weber, Michael Kabesch, Sven Michel, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Roger Lauener
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Assessing the Severity of Aortic Stenosis by Phonocardiography and External Carotid Pulse Recordings
Authors: ANTHONY J. BONNER, HARVEY N. SACKS, MORTON E. TAVEL
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Phonocardiograms and carotid pulse tracings were done on a group of 47 patients with all degrees of aortic stenosis and were compared with two groups of normals. Indices evaluated were pre-ejection period, left ventricular ejection time, maximum rate of arterial pulse rise, arterial half rise time (T time) and upstroke time, and timing of the peak intensity of the systolic murmur in relation to the electrocardiographic QRS and first heart sound. The indices most indicative of the presence of aortic stenosis and best correlated with its severity were the ejection time index, the maximal rate of rise of the carotid pulse and the timing of the peak of the systolic murmur. If, in a given case, all three of these indices fall outside of certain limits (ejection time index &gt;0.42 sec, maximum rate of arterial pulse rise &lt;500 mm Hg/sec, and Q wave to peak of murmur &gt;0.19 sec), then severe aortic stenosis is almost invariably present.
Psychiatric Disorders in Burn Patients: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Michael G. Madianos, Michael Papaghelis, John Ioannovich, Rani Dafni
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

We report on a prospective study of 45 patients with burn injuries admitted to a major burn unit in the greater Athens area. The study aimed to explore the prevalence of psychological and psychiatric disorders among burn survivors.The sample comprised all consecutive cases of adult burn patients in a 6-month period. Personal interviews were conducted by the administration of the Langner scale and the DSM-III-R Structured Clinical Interview. Twelve months later, 30 patients of the baseline sample were reexamined.Psychological impairment was found to be 45.5 and 40% at the baseline and follow-up assessments, respectively. The extent of burns was found to be associated with psychological impairment. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders (any DSM-III nosological entity) reached 46.6% at both baseline and follow-up examinations. Posttraumatic stress disorder was diagnosed in 17.8 and 20.0% of burn survivors at the baseline and the 12-month follow-up assessments, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that face disfigurement was the only burn characteristic significantly associated with the presence of psychiatric morbidity.The results of the study suggest that the extent of burns is not so important when compared to the possibility of disfigurement from the point of risk of developing a psychiatric disorder.
Bacterial Vaccine and Infectious Asthma
Authors: Howard G. Rapaport
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  With reference to the communication by Vincent J. Fontana, MD, et al, Bacterial Vaccine and Infectious Asthma ( 193 :895, 1965), I would like to make the following points:   It is most important that patients selected for such a study have a well-defined diagnosis as indicated from ragweed double-blind studies:  there should be an absence of other allergic illness;  there should be a random allocation of patients into the placebo and treated groups. The allocation of two thirds of the patients over nine years to the placebo group and two thirds of those under nine years to the treated group was most unfortunate in the light of the natural history of this disease.  Evaluation of treatment is extremely important and depends upon subjective criteria and patient reliability.  patients should be seen at a minimum of weekly intervals and be checked by the physician
Improving uptake of MMR vaccine
Authors: Peter McIntyre, Julie Leask
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Recognising and targeting differences between population groups are the priorities

Almost a decade since the original report suggesting a link between the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism or inflammatory bowel disease, we now have overwhelming evidence to refute such a link.1 Some people, however, still refuse to have their children vaccinated for MMR, and sometimes replace the combined vaccine with single antigen vaccines. In the accompanying study, Pearce and colleagues report uptake of the combined MMR vaccine and single antigen vaccines and they discuss the factors influencing uptake in a three year follow-up of the UK millennium cohort.2

Low MMR vaccine coverage is not a trivial matter, because the accumulation of unvaccinated children will increase the risk of measles outbreaks. Confirmed cases of measles in England and Wales rose from 56 in 1998 to 971 in 2007 (figure⇓).3 In the United Kingdom, coverage for MMR at 24 months is lower than for other vaccines (85% versus about 94%). …
Hemodynamic Effects of Lidocaine in Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: RICHARD R. SCHUMACHER, ALAN D. LIEBERSON, RICHARD H. CHILDRESS, JOHN F. WILLIAMS
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The intravenous administration of 50 mg of lidocaine as a single bolus to four patients with heart disease did not result in a significant change in cardiac output or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Two patients had moderate decrease in systemic arterial pressure which was not accompanied by symptoms, was of short duration, and did not require therapeutic intervention. Left ventricular function, as assessed by the relationship of changes in stroke volume index (SVI) and stroke work index (SWI) to changes in LVEDP, was not significantly affected nor was the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt). The intravenous injection of 100 mg of lidocaine into eight additional patients with heart disease did not produce a statistically significant change in any of these hemodynamic variables when compared to their respective control values. Examination of individual responses, however, revealed that some depression of left ventricular function occurred in at least three and probably four of these patients. Nevertheless, this depression of myocardial function was not of sufficient magnitude to produce symptoms or reduce the cardiac output and generally did not result in an inordinate increase in LVEDP. It is concluded that 100 mg or less of lidocaine injected intravenously has remarkably few, if any, adverse hemodynamic effects of clinical significance in man.
Stabilized Human TRIM5α Protects Human T Cells From HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Max W Richardson, Lili Guo, Frances Xin, Xiaolu Yang, James L Riley
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Rhesus (rh) but not human (hu) TRIM5α potently restricts human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. It is not clear why huTRIM5α fails to effectively block HIV infection, but it is thought to have a lower affinity for the viral core. Using primary human CD4 T cells, we investigated the ability of huTRIM5α, rhTRIM5α, and the huTRIM5αR323-332 B30.2/SPRY patch-mutant to form cytoplasmic bodies, postulated as key components of the HIV-1 restriction apparatus. Both rhTRIM5α and huTRIM5αR323-332 formed pronounced cytoplasmic bodies, whereas cytoplasmic bodies in T cells overexpressing huTRIM5α were present but more difficult to detect. As expression of all three TRIM5α orthologs was similar at the RNA level, we next investigated the role of protein stability in conferring TRIM5α-mediated HIV-1 restriction. Both steady-state and pulse-chase experiments revealed that the huTRIM5α protein was much less stable than rhTRIM5α, and this difference correlated with higher self-ubiquitination activity. Using a stabilized form of huTRIM5α in which the steady-state expression level was more similar to rhTRIM5α, we observed comparable HIV-1 restriction activity in multi-round HIV-1 challenge assays. Lastly, primary human CD4 T cells expressing a stabilized huTRIM5α were protected from HIV-1-mediated destruction in vivo, indicating that efforts to stabilize huTRIM5α should have significant long-term therapeutic value.