tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Other Malignancies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Authors: Apostolia-Maria Tsimberidou, Sijin Wen, Peter McLaughlin, Susan O'Brien, William G. Wierda, Susan Lerner, Sara Strom, Emil J Freireich, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Michael J. Keating
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Other malignancies have been reported to occur with increased frequency in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, outcomes, and factors associated with other cancers in patients with CLL/SLL. Patients and Methods We reviewed the records of consecutive patients with previously untreated CLL/SLL seen at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1985 to 2005. The number of second cancers observed was compared with the number expected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Results Among 2,028 patients, 324 (16%) had a history of other cancers and 227 (11.2%) developed other malignancies during the follow-up period. Overall, 625 cancers were observed in 551 patients, including skin (30%), prostate (13%), breast (9%), melanoma (8%), lymphoma (8%), gastrointestinal (9%), lung (6%), and other cancers (17%). The risk of a second cancer was 2.2 times higher than the expected risk. The response rates in patients with and without a history of other cancers were 86% and 92%, respectively (P = .04), and the 5-year survival rates were 70% and 82%, respectively (P &lt; .001). In Cox analysis, independent factors predicting development of new cancers were older age, male sex, and elevated levels of β 2 -microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine. In patients who were treated for CLL/SLL, the treatment regimen did not affect the risk of subsequent cancer (P = .49). Conclusion Patients with CLL/SLL have more than twice the risk of developing a second cancer and an increased frequency of certain cancer types. Awareness of risk factors could permit early detection.
Primary Carcinoids of the Ileum and Rectum
Authors: Phillip M. Colbert
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A patient had a simultaneous occurrence of an ileal and a rectal carcinoid. The ileal carcinoid, occurring in an area derived from primitive midgut, was argentaffin-positive; the rectal carcinoid, occurring in an area derived from primitive hindgut, was argentaffin-negative. To my knowledge, this is the first reported case of simultaneous ileum and rectal carcinoids; its uniqueness tends to support the concept of heterogeneity of origin of carcinoids in embryologically distinct regions.
Dramatic Antitumor Effects of the Dual MET/RON Small-Molecule Inhibitor LY2801653 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ichiro Kawada, Rifat Hasina, Qudsia Arif, Jeffrey Mueller, Erin Smithberger, Aliya N. Husain, Everett E. Vokes, Ravi Salgia
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a wide array of genetic abnormalities. The MET receptor tyrosine kinase is altered in many lung cancers, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and clinical trials of MET inhibitors that are under way are documenting cases of acquired resistance. On the basis of the evidence that the RON tyrosine kinase receptor can also be overexpressed in NSCLC, we evaluated the potent MET/RON dual kinase inhibitor LY2801653 in this setting. LY2801653 was more efficacious than the MET/ALK/RON/ROS inhibitor crizotinib with a distinct pattern of downstream signaling effects. Using the PamGene platform, we found that inhibition of MET and RON was associated with decreased phosphorylation of CBL, PI3K, and STAT3. In classic and orthotopic mouse xenograft models of lung cancer, LY2801653 decreased tumor growth, dramatically inhibiting mitotic events and angiogenesis. Taken together, our results argued that specific targeting of the MET/RON kinases could provide robust inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor outgrowth in multiple in vitro and in vivo models of NSCLC. These findings offer a robust preclinical proof of concept for MET/RON targeting by LY2801653 as a promising small-molecule modality to treat NSCLC.
Stem Cells Boost Dopamine
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Diagnosis of Stress Fractures in Athletes
Authors: Martin D. Devereaux
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Eighteen patients with shin pain that was clinically considered to be caused by a stress fracture of the tibia or fibula underwent radiological, thermographic, and scintigraphic studies and a test of ultrasound-induced pain. When initially seen, 15 had stress fractures confirmed by scintigraphy. Of these, 12 had abnormal thermograms, eight had positive test results for ultrasound-induced pain, and seven had abnormal radiographs. Thermography used alone seemed to be a safe, rapid means of diagnosis for stress fractures in the tibia or fibula and was not found to be related to symptom duration. In the radiologically normal group of stress fractures, four (50%) had positive test results for ultrasound stress tests and normal thermograms. The combination of these two tests should provide an early method of detecting stress fractures in the tibia and fibula, thereby avoiding scintiscans in some athletes. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:531-533)
Serious risks from metal-on-metal hip implants
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The recent scandal over breast implants has rightly focused minds on the safety and regulation of medical devices ( BMJ 2012;344:e1460). This week a BMJ /BBC Newsnight investigation shines a forensic light on another group of widely used devices: metal-on-metal hip implants. But as Deborah Cohen says in her report (doi:10.1136/bmj.e1410), we’re not talking here about “the unlucky failure to spot the misdemeanours of one rogue company or the occasional unforeseen breakdown of a small number of devices.” This is a story of the collective and systematic failure of the regulatory-industrial complex.

Following on from her account of delay and commercial vested interest in relation …
The Development of the Defibrillator
Authors: WILLIAM B. KOUWENHOVEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

I was fortunate in 1928 in being chosen a member of a team to study the effects of electric shocks on human beings. In 1930 we were asked to investigate the statement of Prevost and Battelli (1) that they had been able to defibrillate the ventricular fibrillating dog's heart by applying an electric countershock directly to the myocardium. They had used direct cardiac massage to circulate oxygenated blood. We confirmed their statement and developed an open-chest defibrillator. Their method became a standard operating room procedure in fibrillation cases. We also found that the human heart could be defibrillated by placing the electrodes on the surface of the chest and applying increased electric energy. This procedure eliminated the need for thoracotomy. We continued our studies and have developed the Hopkins AC, monophasic and diphasic DC capacitor-type defibrillators, and external cardiac massage.
RET as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Sporadic and Hereditary Endocrine Tumors
Authors: Jan Willem B. de Groot, Thera P. Links, John T. M. Plukker, Cornelis J. M. Lips, Robert M. W. Hofstra
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2006)

The RET gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed in neural crest-derived cell lineages. The RET receptor plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival through embryogenesis. Activating mutations in RET lead to the development of several inherited and noninherited diseases. Germline point mutations are found in the cancer syndromes multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2, including MEN 2A and 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. These syndromes are autosomal dominantly inherited. The identification of mutations associated with these syndromes has led to genetic testing to identify patients at risk for MEN 2 and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and subsequent implementation of prophylactic thyroidectomy in mutation carriers. In addition, more than 10 somatic rearrangements of RET have been identified from papillary thyroid carcinomas. These mutations, as those found in MEN 2, induce oncogenic activation of the RET tyrosine kinase domain via different mechanisms, making RET an excellent candidate for the design of molecular targeted therapy. Recently, various kinds of therapeutic approaches, such as tyrosine kinase inhibition, gene therapy with dominant negative RET mutants, monoclonal antibodies against oncogene products, and nuclease-resistant aptamers that recognize and inhibit RET have been developed. The use of these strategies in preclinical models has provided evidence that RET is indeed a potential target for selective cancer therapy. However, a clinically useful therapeutic option for treating patients with RET-associated cancer is still not available.
Relationship between the inoculum dose of Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumonia onset in a rabbit model
Authors: A. L. Yershov, B. S. Jordan, C. H. Guymon, M. A. Dubick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

It is generally assumed that the development of bacterial pneumonia becomes possible when the dose of inhaled or aspirated pathogens overwhelms the respiratory tract host defence system, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested either clinically or experimentally. This study evaluated inoculum dose in relation to onset of experimental pneumococcal pneumonia, and estimated the median effective dose resulting in pneumonia in healthy New Zealand White rabbits (mean± sd 4.75±0.25 kg (n = 27)). Rabbits were endobronchially inoculated with increasing doses of Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumonia onset was observed over the following 96 h. The diagnostic approach was based on the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, modified for use in rabbits. Inoculation of S. pneumoniae at doses of &gt;4.60 log 10 cfu made the development of pneumonia in rabbits more predictable (up to 90%). Lower doses of bacteria failed to cause pneumonia in 80% of inoculated animals. The median effective dose was estimated by means of logistical regression, probit analyses and the Reed–Muench method, and corresponded to 4.32, 4.38 and 4.67 log 10 cfu, respectively. It is speculated that development of pneumococcal pneumonia becomes more likely when the inoculum dose exceeds a threshold of antibacterial protection, making inoculum dose a risk factor for disease onset.
THE ROENTGENOLOGIC STUDY OF EMPYEMA CAVITIES
Authors: FRANKLIN A. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The surgical treatment of chronic empyema cavities and sinuses should be guided by two laboratory methods: The first, which is relatively the most important, is the bacteriologic examination of the discharge, and the second is a careful roentgenologic study of the existing pneumothorax. A proper correlation of these findings is necessary, however, to obtain satisfactory results; even though the bacteriologic control guides the surgeon in the correct use of neutral solution of chlorinated soda (Dakin's solution) and indicates that the cavity is sufficiently sterile either to allow healing or to permit a radical operation, the knowledge obtained by means of the roentgen ray is an absolute essential. It not only detects abnormalities in the lung tissue, but also demonstrates the size, shape and location of the draining cavity and affords some knowledge of the walls that surround it. This can be accomplished, however, only by a carefully standardized technic which
SilverPlatter Excerpta Medica Neurosciences CD Set
Authors: Saty Satya-Murti
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>Neurosciences</i>is a broad term and includes clinical and basic science disciplines. To facilitate information retrieval in this area, SilverPlatter Information Inc has put out a set of two compact disks (CDs) called<i>SilverPlatter Neurosciences</i>(<i>SPNS</i>). They are based on Excerpta Medica's collection of specialty database journals in the field. Citations from 1980 through 1987 are in the first CD, 1988 through 1991 in the second. Updates are issued each quarter. I ran<i>SPNS</i>on a 33-MHz 386 processor in a DOS 5.0 environment with two Hitachi 1700s CD-ROM drives. SilverPlatter supplied the software, called SilverPlatter Information Retrieval System, that executes the search process. SilverPlatter readily provides after-sale telephone support, if questions on installation or searching arise. In this "Decade of the Brain," information from a total of 96 journals is regularly included in this database. This is more than any of the other nine medical specialties covered by SilverPlatter.
THE CHEMIOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENT OF GONORRHOEA
Authors: J. E. R. McDonagh
Journal: BMJ (1918)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Proof of professional specific academic attainment is embedded within the Joint Committee on Surgical Training 2013 general surgery curriculum, mandating that all higher general surgical trainees (HST) obtain three peer-reviewed publications to qualify for Certification of Completion of Training. Yet, Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) has been associated with a trend away from the gold standard postgraduate credentials of higher degrees by research. This study aimed to evaluate the academic achievements of a post-MMC UK Deanery HST cohort to determine what additional benefits higher degree study might confer. <h3>Method</h3> The Scopus bibliographic database (Elsevier, RELX Group) was used to characterise the academic profiles of 101 consecutive HSTs and supplemented with Intercollegiate Surgical Programme Curriculum data. Primary outcome measures were numbers of publications, citations and Hirsch indices (HI). <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-seven HSTs (36.6%) had been awarded higher degrees (29 Doctor of Medicine, 8 Doctor of Philosophy). Academic profiles of HSTs with higher degrees were stronger than those of HSTs without, specifically: median (range) publication numbers 16 (2–57) vs 2 (0–11, P&lt;0.001), citations 93 (0–1600) vs 6 (0–132, P&lt;0.001), first author publications 6 (0–33) vs 3 (0–106, P&lt;0.001), communications to learnt societies 30 (5–79) vs 8 (2–35, P&lt;0.001) and HI 6 (1–26) vs 1 (0–6, P&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Proof of academic reach by higher degree was associated with important enhanced professional credentials, strengthening HIs sixfold. Trainers and trainees alike should be aware of the relative magnitude of such benefits when planning educational programmes.
Insertion of long term central venous catheters: time for a new look
Authors: A. Adam
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Insertion oflong term central venous catheters: time for a new lookImaging guidance and skills in manipulating catheters ensure successfulplacement and conveniencefor the patient Central venous catheters and ports are used to administer chemotherapy, antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, blood products, and cardiovascular pressor agents.Catheters are being used more commonly as more patients are being treated for leukaemia, solid tumours, infection, and AIDS.'The prototype central venous catheter inserted via a subcutaneous tunnel for long term use is the Hickman catheter.2At present such catheters may be inserted in three ways: by a surgical venous cutdown or by percutaneous puncture with or without imaging guidance.Traditionally central venous catheters for long term use have been inserted by surgeons using a cutdown technique in the operating theatre under general anaesthesia.The catheter was inserted into the subclavian vein and advanced along the superior vena cava to the right atrium.The drawbacks of this
Markers of eosinophilic inflammation in allergic diseases
Authors: S. Bonini, M. Tomassini, E. Adriani, L. Magrini, C. Rumi, S. Bussa, F. Ronchetti, S. Bonini
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The paper reviews personal studies aimed at identifying clinical markers of eosinophil inflammation in allergic diseases. Preliminary data on the use of flow cytometry as a method to detect eosinophil activation through phenotypic activation markers are reported. The concept of eosinophil releasability is introduced on the basis of in vim eosinophil activation and mediator release by different stimuli. Data showing an increase of serum levels of ECP mainly in subjects with sensitivity to perennial allergens and related to histamine bronchial reactivity are discussed in view of their practical impact in diagnosing and monitoring of allergic diseases and asthma.
GW25-e4123 Stenting the main branch after the pre-dilated ostial lesion of coronary artery with a diameter ≤ 2.0mm can reduce the rate of branch occlusion
Authors: Yang Zhiming, Guo-Bin Zhu, Shu-Wen Gong, Yun-Fei Bian, Fen Gao, Zhi-Ming Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Long-Term Clinical and Echocardiographic Follow-Up After Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty With the Inoue Balloon
Authors: Rosa Hernandez, Camino Bañuelos, Fernando Alfonso, Javier Goicolea, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, Javier Escaned, Luis Azcona, Carlos Almeria, Carlos Macaya
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The objective of this study was to assess the long-term clinical outcome and valvular changes (area and regurgitation) after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV). Methods and Results —After PMV, 561 patients were followed up for 39 (±23) months and clinical/echocardiographic data obtained yearly. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate event-free survival, its predictors, and the relative risks of several patient subgroups. There were several nonexclusive events: 19 (3.3%) cardiac deaths, 55 (9.8%) mitral replacements, 6 (1%) repeated PMVs, 56 (10%) cases of restenosis, and 108 (19%) cases of clinical impairment. Survival free of major events (cardiac death, mitral surgery, repeat PMV, or functional impairment) was 69% at 7 years, ranging from 88% to 40% in different subgroups of patients. Wilkins score was the best preprocedural predictor of mitral opening, but the procedural result (mitral area and regurgitation) was the only independent predictor of major event-free survival. Mitral area loss, though mild [0.13 (±0.21)cm 2 ], increased with time and was ≥0.3 cm 2 in 12%, 22%, and 27% of patients at 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively. Regurgitation did not progress in 81% of patients, and when it occurred it was usually by 1 grade. Conclusions —Seven years after PMV, more than two thirds of patients were in good clinical condition and free of any major event. The procedural result was the main determinant of long-term outcome, although a high score had also negative implications. Mitral area decreased progressively over time, whereas regurgitation did not tend to progress.
MARKED ALBUMINURIA FROM A PROSTATIC ABSCESS.
Authors: EDGAR G. BALLENGER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Abscesses of the prostate are sufficiently frequent and this source of albumin sufficiently neglected to justify the following report: <h3>Patient.</h3> —Mr. X, aged 34, single, general health excellent, for ten years had a chronic gonorrheal urethritis, with slight involvement of the prostate. <h3>Course of Disease.</h3> —April, 1906, he developed an acute attack of gonorrhea, which ran a moderately severe course, and at the end of a month the section of the prostate along the deep urethra became involved. It was tender on pressure, but gave no subjective symptoms. The hard, swollen segment appeared to be about the size of an index finger, and was about 2 inches in length. The urine passed after massage contained less debris, albumin and pus cells than were obtained before the acute prostatitis began, probably because the prostatic ducts were encroached on by the inflammatory swelling, and prevented the expression of the secretion. Massage five
Health Manpower: Physician Time Expended in Obtaining Haircuts
Authors: Harris D. Riley
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The physician's time is a subject of increasing importance. To a professor of pediatrics and pediatrician-in-chief of an active children's hospital, time is the most valuable commodity. It is often difficult to find time for "routine" but necessary activities, such as haircuts. During a 1.5-year period (January 1969 through June 1970), a record of the amount of time expended in obtaining my haircuts was maintained. Although I have no particular tonsorial demands or eccentricities, I usually obtain haircuts at the same barbershop. The barbershop is located 7.1 miles from my office and is not operated by appointment. As shown in the Table, a total of 24 haircuts was obtained during this 18-month period. Once when I was particularly "shaggy," I prevailed on the volunteer barber for hospitalized children to cut my hair in the office at the usual fee after completion of his primary mission, at the