tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pro- and antiarrhythmic properties of a diet rich in fish oil
Authors: H DENRUIJTER, G BERECKI, T OPTHOF, A VERKERK, P ZOCK, R CORONEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Increased consumption of fish rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) is associated with decreased incidence of sudden cardiac death in post-myocardial infarction patients, but is also related to increased incidence of sudden death and arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial ischemia. This review discusses the possible pro- and antiarrhythmic mechanisms of ω3-PUFAs in relation to various cardiac pathologies. Differences between circulating and incorporated ω3-PUFAs with respect to electrophysiology are emphasized.
Polyps and cancer of the large bowel: a necropsy study in Liverpool.
Authors: A R Williams, B A Balasooriya, D W Day
Journal: Gut (1982)

In a prospective necropsy study of the large bowel in 365 cases, the commonest polyp identified was the hyperplastic (metaplastic) variety, of which 86.1% of the total were located in the rectum. The other main type of polyp found, and of much greater importance because of its malignant potential, was the neoplastic adenoma. These were present, either singly or multiply, in 73 of 198 male cases (36.9%) and in 48 of 167 female cases (28.7%). Their prevalence and their tendency to be multiple rose with increasing age in both sexes. Most adenomas had a tubular growth pattern and 88.8% of these were under 1 cm in diameter. There was a fairly even distribution of adenomas throughout the large bowel but a higher proportion of adenomas over 1 cm in diameter occurred in the caecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum than at other sites. In the whole series nine adenocarcinomas were present, two of which were arising in adenomas.
Renal and Extrarenal Control of Red Cell Production.
Authors: A. J. Erslev
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Renal and Extrarenal Control of Red Cell Production.A. J. Erslev, M.D.A. J. Erslev, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-685_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent studies have suggested the existence of a feedback mechanism between the kidney and the bone marrow. The bone marrow, by regulating the size of the red cell mass, is instrumental in maintaining an optimal tissue tension of oxygen in all organs including the kidney. The kidney in turn is believed to respond to the level of its tissue tension of oxygen by releasing an appropriate amount of erythropoietin, a hormone capable of adjusting the rate of red cell production in the bone marrow. Most clinical and experimental observations on the dynamics of anemia and polycythemia are compatible with the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. J. Erslev, M.D.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 685-685KeywordsAnemiaBone marrowBone marrow cellsErythropoietinHormonesKidneysOxygenPolycythemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Treatment of Anchylosis of the Hip-Joint
Authors: T. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1867)

in more genial climes, and many who would probably be soon drawn within its enticements may not have the time to devote to its requirements -till, I feel assured much may be accomplished by the employment of artificial light, I will not say for great enlargements, but for useful results.I would venture to suggest its utility in particular points, which might be printed on cards, explained by a short text, for the use of, pupils at various schools, and thus carry further the temporary micro- stopic examination or diagrammatic illustration, as well as afford a ready means of comparison in this country or abroad.Soon would such a plan help also those of the general public pos- sessed of microscopes, who, in conjunction with the examination of ordinary slides, may be thus induced to experience for themselves the various articles of food which are so constantly adulterated.Even this may slowly operate as a caution to the guilty, awaken a larger interest in the subject of public hygiene, and bear practically both on the purse and health of the individual.
Dysadipocytokinemia in Werner Syndrome and Its Recovery by Treatment With Pioglitazone
Authors: Koutaro Yokote, Kazuo Hara, Seijiro Mori, Takashi Kadowaki, Yasushi Saito, Makoto Goto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Werner syndrome (WS) (Mendelian Inheritance in Man no. 277700) is an autosomal recessive disorder known for progeroid phenotypes including graying and loss of hair, juvenile cataracts, insulin-resistant diabetes, skin atrophy, premature atherosclerosis, and cancer (1). Mutations in WRN , a RECQ family DNA/RNA helicase gene, have been identified to cause this disease. The mechanism for insulin resistance in WS remains to be elucidated.

Adipocytes secrete a number of hormones (or adipocytokines), such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, thereby regulating insulin sensitivity (2). WS patients typically show the lipoatrophic skinny extremities with an obese trunk (1). The accumulated intra-abdominal visceral fat (3) suggests an altered production of adipocytokines.

To investigate the role of adipocytokines in the pathophysiology of WS, we …
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: Charles R. Conti, Leighton E. Cluff, E. Patricia Scheder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Intracutaneous and intravenous injection of pyrogenic, non-lethal doses of bacterial endotoxin were found to increase the infectivity of pathogenic but not non-pathogenic staphylococci in rabbit skin. The increased infectivity of the microorganism was characterized by accelerated multiplication at the site of inoculation and by the production of necrosis and hemorrhage locally. Histologically, the infection of skin in endotoxin-prepared animals was characterized by necrosis, masses of bacteria, but absence of leukocytic infiltration into the area of bacterial growth. The infectivity of staphylococci in skin of endotoxin-prepared rabbits could be controlled by antibody to the alpha hemolysin of the microorganism. The effect of endotoxin upon staphylococcal infection was demonstrable only within 4 hours after injection of the endotoxin. It could not be prevented with chlorpromazine or dibenamine and was closely related to the effect of endotoxin upon leukocytes. It was suggested that the effect of endotoxin upon leukocytes was probably responsible for its influence upon staphylococcal infection. The implications of these findings in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infection are discussed.
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide is unstable under most storage conditions.
Authors: R A Nelesen, J E Dimsdale, M G Ziegler
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormonal regulator of cardiovascular fluid volume. More than 1,000 scientific articles were written about ANP between 1987 and 1991. Because some articles hinted at problems with storing ANP, this study examined the effect of numerous techniques for storing and processing human ANP samples.Samples were obtained repeatedly from three patients, treated, and stored under a variety of conditions. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of different preservatives at 35, 21, 14, 10, and 7 days before assay. Experiment 2 evaluated nonspecific binding of ANP to different storage tubes during 28 days of storage. Experiment 3 evaluated the effect of storage at -20 degrees C, -80 degrees C, and -196 degrees C for 1 month. ANP was very unstable, degrading as much as 30% after 3 days of storage and by more than 50% in 1 month even when stored at -80 degrees C. Only storage at -196 degrees C (in liquid nitrogen) kept ANP stable for 1 month. Extraction and lyophilization of the samples before freezing and assay within 7 days of freezing only partially minimized the amount of degradation. All other processing techniques had little effect on slowing the degradation of ANP.These findings raise disturbing questions about the interpretation of the substantial literature on ANP.
Oxidized or acetylated low density lipoproteins are rapidly cleared by the liver in mice with disruption of the scavenger receptor class A type I/II gene.
Authors: W Ling, M Lougheed, H Suzuki, A Buchan, T Kodama, U P Steinbrecher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) and acetyl LDL are recognized by the scavenger receptor class A type I/II (SR-AI/II) on macrophages and liver endothelial cells. Several investigators have suggested that there are additional receptors specific for oxidized LDL, but characterization of these alternate receptors for oxidized LDL and evaluation of their quantitative importance in uptake of oxidized LDL has been difficult because of overlapping ligand specificity with SR-AI/II. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of SR-AI/II in the removal of modified LDL from the bloodstream in vivo. The clearance rate of oxidized LDL from plasma in normal mice was very rapid, and > 90% of injected dose was removed from the blood within 5 min. Clearance rates of oxidized LDL were equally high in SR-AI/II knockout mice, indicating that this receptor is not required for removal of oxidized LDL from plasma. Surprisingly, there was no difference in the clearance rate of acetyl LDL in wild-type and SR-AI/II knockout animals. The plasma clearance of radioiodinated acetyl LDL was almost fully blocked by a 50-fold excess of unlabeled acetyl LDL, but the latter only inhibited oxidized LDL clearance by approximately 5%. Both modified LDLs were cleared mostly by the liver, and there was no difference in the tissue distribution of modified LDL in control and knockout mice. Studies in isolated nonparenchymal liver cells showed that Kupffer cells accounted for most of the uptake of oxidized LDL. Extensively oxidized LDL and LDL modified by exposure to fatty acid peroxidation products were efficient competitors for the uptake of labeled oxidized LDL by SR-AI/II-deficient Kupffer cells, while acetyl LDL and malondialdehyde-modified LDL were relatively poor competitors.
REPORT LXXVIII.: THE CONDITIONS THAT SIMULATE PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA
Authors: T. Houston
Journal: BMJ (1903)

A STUDY of the literature of progressive pernicious anaemia leads us to the view that this disease is generally of crypto- genic origin, but nearly all writers on the subject admit that a number of cases clinically indistinguishable from pro- gressive pernicious anaemia may occur as the result of such conditions as severe and prolonged liaemorrhage, pregnancy, intestinal parasites, and cancer.Many of these cases were recorded before a detailed histological examination of the blood as an aid to diagnosis was customary.It now becomes an interesting and important question how far such cases can be distinguished by the condition of their blood from cases of Addison's anaemia as he.defined it: "General anaemia oc- curring without any discoverable cause whatever, cases in which there was no previous loss of blood, no exhausting diarrhoea, no chlorolis, no purpura, no renal, splenic, mias- matic, glandular, or strumous enlargement."The following case raises this question and shows, I think, that all such cases should be fully and carefully investigated not only on account of thiir rarity but because their detailed study is most likely to throw some important light on the mauch disputed pathology of Addison's anaemia.Miss D., aged 42, professional nurse.In November, IgoI, this patient was under the care of Dr. William Calwell, of Belfast, who, considering the interesting nature of the case, and that its clinical features closely resembled those of progressive pernicious anaemia, asked me to make several detailed examinations of her blood.The history of the patient previous to this date was as follows: Two years ago a scirrhous tumour was removed with the right breast by Sir Thornley Stoker in the Richmond Hospital, Dublin.A recurrence in the neighbourliood of the clavicle of the same side was removed about a year ago by the same surgeon.While in hospital recovering from this operation she lhad several attacks of haemoptysis, but no physical signs of a lesion in her lungs could be detected.Haemorrhage was also detected coming at intervals from her throat and nose, and she stated that she frequently removed from her nostril a clot of blood, which was evidently a cast of the nasal cavity.She continued to bleedDiagnosis.Tfuberculous peritonitis.
Increased expression of adrenomedullin in Directional Coronary Atherectomy (DCA) specimens in patients wth unstable angina
Authors: Tetsunori Ishikawa, Kinta Hatakeyama, Takuroh Imamura, Kaoru Ito, Seiichiro Hara, Haruhiko Date, Yasushi Koiwaya, Yoshisato Shibata, Yutaka Hikichi, Yujiro Asada, Tanenao Eto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Correlation of abnormal intracranial vessel velocity, measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, with abnormal conjunctival vessel velocity, measured by computer-assisted intravital microscopy, in sickle cell disease
Authors: Anthony T. W. Cheung, Paul Harmatz, Ted Wun, Peter C. Y. Chen, Edward C. Larkin, Robert J. Adams, Elliott P. Vichinsky
Journal: Blood (2001)
Toward More Accurate Detection and Risk Stratification of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Alpesh N. Amin
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HCC in Italy. Prognostic factors in a retrospective study of 238 cases
Authors: A. Sangiovanni, M.A. Tommasini, E. Del Ninno, M.L. Dioguardi, S. Bargiggia, C. De Fazio, G. Ronchi, M.F. Donato, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
THE NATURAL DURATION OF CANCER
Authors: W. S. Lazarus-Barlow, J. H. Leeming
Journal: BMJ (1924)

IN every instance where the value of a method of treatment in disease is under consideration a basis of comparison derived from observations in which no special treatment is applied is necessary.Sometimes, as in the case of acute intestinal obstruction and operation, or in that of diabetic coma and insulin, the comparison is sharply defined between
Abstract 3838: Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 deficiency increases susceptibility to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced neoplasia in murine squamous oral epithelium
Authors: Xiaoyi Zhang, Hong Yu, Keith L. Kirkwood
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors have critical roles in shaping the malignant transformation that gives rise to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, JNK, and ERK, relay information from extracellular signals to control the diverse cellular processes of carcinogenesis. These kinases are negatively regulated by MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), the founding member being mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). Initial studies demonstrated significant over-expression of MKP-1 in human epithelial tumors only in the early phases of disease with levels falling progressively in tumors of higher histological grade and in metastases. We hypothesize low levels of MKP-1 in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment generate high levels of inflammation which promote tumor development and progression. Methods: To address how regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression via MKP-1 activity may affect HNSCC development and progression, we examined the effects of MKP-1 deficiency on a well characterized model for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a subset of HNSCC. MKP-1-/- and wild-type mice were treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), a surrogate for tobacco exposure, in drinking water for 16 weeks and monitored by oral examination for an additional 16 weeks. Tumor size was assessed by volumetric measurement. Histological grading of the tumors and inflammation were performed in a blinded manner by two collaborating pathologists. Results: Our studies demonstrated significantly earlier onset of 4NQO-induced OSCC in MKP-1-/- mice compared with wild-type controls. Tumor size and histological grade were found to be more severe in the MKP-1-/- mice. In addition, tissues surrounding the tumors demonstrated a significantly higher degree of inflammation in MKP-1-/- mice. Remarkably, development of esophageal squamous carcinomas was dramatically enhanced in MKP-1-/- mice treated with 4NQO. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate increased susceptibility of MKP-1-/- mice to 4NQO-induced neoplasia, suggesting an important role for MKP-1 as a negative regulator of HNSCC development. Further work will be done to characterize mechanisms of regulation by assessing levels of MAPK activity and characterizing the pro- and anti-inflammatory milieu of the tumor tissues and supportive stroma. Elucidating the regulation of inflammatory mediators in the tumor microenvironment may reveal critical tumor suppressive interactions mediated by MKP-1 which are lost during cancer initiation and progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3838. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3838
Diet of Adolescents With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Vicki S. Helgeson, Laura Viccaro, Dorothy Becker, Oscar Escobar, Linda Siminerio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—To compare the dietary intake of adolescents with type 1 diabetes with that of adolescents without diabetes matched on age, sex, and year in school and to compare the diets of both groups with recommendations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Participants were 132 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, recruited from Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, and 131 adolescents without diabetes ranging in age from 10.70 to 14.21 years. Dietary intake was assessed with three 24-h recall interviews with each participant and one parent. Percentage of calories from protein, carbohydrates, and total fat; amount of each type of fat; and amount of cholesterol, fiber, and sugar were calculated as averages across 3 days. RESULTS—Adolescents with diabetes took in less total energy than recommended. The percentage of calories from carbohydrates and protein were within recommendations for adolescents with and without diabetes, but adolescents with diabetes exceeded the recommended fat intake. The diet of adolescents with diabetes consisted of a greater percentage of fat and protein and a smaller percentage of carbohydrates relative to adolescents without diabetes. Adolescents without diabetes consumed more sugar, while adolescents with diabetes took in more of all components of fat than adolescents without diabetes. Male subjects with diabetes had an especially high intake of saturated fat. CONCLUSIONS—Adolescents with type 1 diabetes consume fewer calories from carbohydrates but more calories from fat than adolescents without diabetes and exceed the recommended levels of fat intake. These findings are of concern given the risk that type 1 diabetes poses for cardiovascular disease.
Bilirubin inhibits iNOS expression and NO production in response to endotoxin in rats
Authors: Weizheng W. Wang, Darcey L. H. Smith, Stephen D. Zucker
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (HO), HO-1, has been shown to play an important role in attenuating tissue injury. Because HO-1 catalyzes the rate-limiting step in bilirubin synthesis, we examined the hypothesis that bilirubin is a key mediator of HO-1 cytoprotection, employing a rat model of endotoxemia. Bilirubin treatment resulted in improved survival and attenuated liver injury in response to lipopolysaccharide infusion. Serum levels of NO and tumor necrosis factor α, key mediators of endotoxemia, and hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were significantly lower in bilirubin-treated rodents versus control animals. Both intraperitoneal and local administration of bilirubin also was found to ameliorate hindpaw inflammation induced by the injection of λ-carrageenan. Consistent with in vivo results, bilirubin significantly inhibited iNOS expression and suppressed NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. In contrast, bilirubin treatment induced a threefold increase in LPS-mediated prostaglandin synthesis in the absence of significant changes in cyclooxygenase expression or activity, suggesting that bilirubin enhances substrate availability for eicosanoid synthesis. Bilirubin had no effect on LPS-mediated activation of nuclear factor κB or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, consistent with a nuclear factor κB-independent mechanism of action. Taken together, these data support a cytoprotective role for bilirubin that is mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of iNOS expression and, potentially, through stimulation of local prostaglandin E 2 production. In conclusion , our findings suggest a role for bilirubin in mollifying tissue injury in response to inflammatory stimuli and support the possibility that the phenomenon of “jaundice of sepsis” represents an adaptive physiological response to endotoxemia. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html). (Hepatology 2004;40:424-433.)
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Activate Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: HERBERT J. KAUFMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Four patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease had prompt exacerbations when given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can have noxious effects on the distal intestine as well as on the proximal gut. Eight previous cases of exacerbation of ulcerative colitis have been reported, as have instances of de-novo colitis and ileitis in persons treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs who did not have preexisting inflammatory bowel disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ingestion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. These drugs should be administered to patients with inflammatory bowel disease only after consideration of their possible harmful effects.