tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prison inspector's report slates mental health provision
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Mental health care in prisons has improved but there are still too many gaps in provision and demand for mental health services will continue to outstrip the capacity of the NHS to meet the need, a report from the chief inspector of prisons has found.

The report, by Anne Owers, found that since the Department of Health took over responsibility for the provision of health care in prisons in 2003 “the quality and extent of treatment available to mentally ill prisoners” has improved. However, two findings “stand out starkly from this report.”

Ms …
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor promotes colonization, vascularization, and growth of transplanted hepatic tissues in the mouse
Authors: Itsuki Ajioka, Toshihiro Akaike, Yoshifumi Watanabe
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

A complex vascular network forms an important component of the liver architecture. This network is essential for the supply of oxygen and nutrients to cells and delivery of molecules for metabolic exchange. In this study, we attempted to construct a vascular network in transplanted hepatic tissues and examined the effect of such network on tissue formation. Primary hepatocytes of adult mice were transfected with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene in vitro then transplanted with collagen beads intraperitoneally in mice. VEGF–transfected hepatocytes secreted sufficient protein of the transgene in vitro to induce proliferation of endothelial cells. In vivo , VEGF–transfected hepatocytes formed a large number of colonies and developed a significant vascular network in established tissues compared with control tissues. In addition, hepatocytes of VEGF–transfected, established tissues proliferated and formed a substantial parenchymal region. These hepatocytes were also functional as confirmed by the production of albumin. Our results suggested that VEGF expression conferred not only the formation of a vascular network but also promoted tissue formation. Our study showed that ex vivo gene transfection into hepatocytes is a useful method for the induction of liver reconstitution in vivo
In vivo apoptotic effect of interferon ALFA-2B (IFN) on rat preneoplastic liver
Authors: Maria de Lujan Alvarez, Juan Pablo Cerliani, Juan Monti, Cristina Carnovale, Teresa Ronco, Jose Pellegrino, Gerardo Pisani, Cristina Lugano, Maria Cristina Carrillo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Lessons Learned in the Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life: Selected Examples From the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group
Authors: Michael Brundage, David Osoba, Andrea Bezjak, Dongsheng Tu, Michael Palmer, Joseph Pater
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

In this article, we provide a brief historical review of the development of patient-reported outcome measurement, analysis, and reporting in clinical trials of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG). In doing so, we examine selected lessons learned in furthering the quality of these data and their application to clinical practice. We conclude that sequential institution of key policies within the NCIC CTG and the development of a collective philosophy within the group has enabled the routine incorporation of health-related quality of life into clinical trial protocols according to robust scientific principles; that collection of quality data is possible in a variety of circumstances (although not universally so); that patient-reported data on subjective experiences is likely to be more reliable and valid than conventional toxicity information; and that simple analyses that report group trends as well as individual patient response rates are preferred.
The Natural History of Prenatally Diagnosed Cerebral Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Arie Drugan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Intrauterine treatment of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly has been largely abandoned, as the results have been disappointing compared with those of standard neonatal treatment. However, we suggest that the natural history of ventriculomegaly diagnosed in utero has not been studied adequately and that fetal surgery may have a role in selected patients. We have analyzed the outcome in 43 cases of fetal ventriculomegaly followed up without active treatment in utero. Our data suggest that the prognosis is poor for fetuses with ventriculomegaly and coexistent malformations, good for those with isolated, nonprogressive ventriculomegaly, and variable for those with progressive, isolated ventriculomegaly. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:1785-1788)
BRAF V600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Significant Association with Node Metastases and Extra Thyroidal Invasion
Authors: Avik Chakraborty, Archana Narkar, Rita Mukhopadhyaya, Shubhada Kane, Anil D’Cruz, M. G. R. Rajan
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2011)
A CASE OF SURGICAL EMPHYSEMA (?) OF UNUSUAL ORIGIN.
Authors: HENRY POWER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

While acting as surgeon to the Spokane division of the Great Northern Railway, I was, on July 24, in charge of a case giving the following history, part of which was furnished by officers of the wrecked train: <h3>History.</h3> —The victim of the accident, a healthy man of about 30 years of age, was seated in the forward part of the smoking car when the engine, mail car and baggage car left the track and ran down an embankment into a deep lake. The car in which the patient sat was also about half submerged. He, though shaken up, retained control of himself and made his way through the window and remembers swimming in the lake. An employé who stood on the bank states that he offered the swimmer the end of a stick in order to draw him to the shore; before this could be done, however, one of
COMBINED USE OF UNBOUND FREE FATTY ACID AND MYOGLOBIN PREDICTS ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES IN THE FIRST HOURS OF SYMPTOMS ONSET
Authors: Claudio Cesar Higa, Mauricio Cohen, Kevin Kleinfeld, Patricia Blanco, Esteban Zuanich, Alan Kleinfeld
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Osteitis Fibrosa
Authors: BOY FRAME
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A 62-year-old woman with a 10-year history of repeated pathologic fractures was found at autopsy to have a parathyroid adenoma and osteitis fibrosa. Unusual features were normocalcemia and a marked elevation of the plasma alkaline phosphatase to 80 Bodansky units. Recently there has been increased emphasis on the occurrence of normocalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The great majority of such patients have exhibited renal calculi as the major feature of their parathyroid hyperfunction. The current case illustrates that osteitis fibrosa without renal calculi also occurs in normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism.
1124 FERTILITY AND PREGNANCY IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Authors: B.E. Wellge, M. Sterneck, A. Teufel, C. Rust, A. Franke, S. Schreiber, T. Berg, R. Günther, W. Kreisel, C. zu Eulenburg, F. Braun, U. Breuers, P. Galle, A.W. Lohse, C. Schramm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Histone Methyltransferase MLL1 Regulates <i>MDR1</i> Transcription and Chemoresistance
Authors: Hairong Huo, Pellegrino G. Magro, E. Christy Pietsch, Brijesh B. Patel, Kathleen W. Scotto
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) encodes P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family that confers tumor drug resistance by actively effluxing a number of antitumor agents. We had previously shown that MDR1 transcription is regulated by epigenetic events such as histone acetylation, and had identified the histone acetylase P/CAF and the transcription factor NF-Y as the factors mediating the enzymatic and DNA-anchoring functions, respectively, at the MDR1 promoter. It has also been shown that MDR1 activation is accompanied by increased methylation on lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4). In this study, we further investigated histone methylation in MDR1 regulation and function. We show that the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) protein, a histone methyltransferase specific for H3K4, is required for MDR1 promoter methylation, as knockdown of MLL1 resulted in a decrease in MDR1 expression. The regulation of MDR1 by MLL1 has functional consequences in that downregulation of MLL1 led to increased retention of the Pgp-specific substrate DIOC2(3), as well as increased cellular sensitivity to several Pgp substrates. Regulation of MDR1 by MLL1 was dependent on the CCAAT box within the proximal MDR1 promoter, similar to what we had shown for MDR1 promoter acetylation, and also requires NF-Y. Finally, overexpression of the most prevalent MLL fusion protein, MLL-AF4, led to increased MDR1 expression. This is the first identification of a histone methyltransferase and its leukemogenic rearrangement that regulates expression of an ABC drug transporter, suggesting a new target for circumvention of tumor multidrug resistance. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8726–35. ©2010 AACR.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOWL CHOLERA
Authors: Ida W. Pritchett, F. R. Beaudette, T. P. Hughes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

Field studies of fowl cholera on two commercial poultry farms are described. One farm, previously free of cholera, was studied during an active epidemic, which occurred during the winter months. The strains of P. avicida recovered, both from "autopsy" and from "healthy carriers" proved generally similar, and to be of the "fluorescent" or "intermediate" colony type, which is of relatively high virulence. After the subsidence of the epidemic, these strains tended to disappear. The second flock consisted of a small group of birds which had survived an epidemic of cholera the previous year, and in which the infection was prevailing in endemic form. No deaths occurred during the period of observation, but the number of birds with localized lesions and the number of carriers increased to a high level during the winter months. The strains of P. avicida were apparently of the "blue" colony form, although some, as shown by their acid and serum agglutination reactions, resembled the "intermediates." These strains appeared to be spreading rather than dying out. The individual fowls differed in their response to the presence of infection; some showed localized lesions, others were carriers, while still others seemed entirely refractory.
A computer in your practice: indispensible tool or troublesome toy?
Authors: J F Grace
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The computer and its role in modern general practice has been much to the fore, occupying inches of newsprint, especially medical newsprint, over the past 18 months or so. The interest the medical profession, and general practice in particular, has shown in the use of microcomputers, and the possible market potential therein, may be judged by the fact that at least two magazines are going to be produced for the general practitioner solely on computers and general practice. Furthermore, there has been the proliferation of computer firms selling complete computer-based packages for the modern practitioner, without which, they claim, it is surprising that general practice has survived for so long. It is surprising that there is a wide range in the price of these systems, with a factor of at least 5, and possibly 10, separating the cheapest from the most expensive. The amount of information about the need, type, and cost of computers is enough in its own right to confuse the average general practitioner, who after all is trying to be a doctor to his patients and also run a business, often in partnership, and who above all else really wants to know just how such a system will help him in his day-to-day work. After all the expense and the possible trauma of installing a computer, what will he gain from it? This question is all the more difficult to answer because the doctors who are already using computers are almost invariably people who developed or already had an interest in computers and who really adapted their hobby to their work. Furthermore, they are the same doctors who have often provided the basis upon which the computer firms have built the package that is being sold to GPs. They are therefore already computer orientated and can recognise and correct problems that occur, probably without even realising that what to them was hardly worth rating as a hitch would be to a person with virtually no experience of computers a disaster of Titanic proportions. I hope to shed some light on the advantages, disadvantages, pleasures, curses, savings, and expenses of installing a packaged computerised system into a busy general practice. I will try to give a chronological account of the problems our practice had and the position the computer now occupies since we bought it one year ago.
Unusual Scintigraphic Presentation of a Shifting Meckel??s Diverticulum
Authors: S TZILA ZWAS, ABRAHAM CZERNIAK, ISIDOR WOLFSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A Tc-99m red blood cell (RBC) study in a child with acute gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin suggested Meckel's diverticulum because of free pertechnetate uptake in the ectopic gastric mucosa. This finding has not been reported in the literature. A scan with Tc-99m pertechnetate then demonstrated a focal area of uptake with an unusual pattern of abdominal shifting consistent with a Meckel's diverticulum. A large Meckel's diverticulum containing gastric mucosa was found at surgery. A shifting pattern of focal uptake on a meckelogram study should be included among the diagnostic criteria for Meckel's diverticulum.
THREE CASES OF EPITHELIAL GRAFTING FROM THE HORNY EPIDERMIS, WITH REMARKS.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: C. B. KIBLER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

and high operation, says : " It is now very gen¬ erally believed by those who have had the greatest experience that a large proportion of the unfor¬ tunate results depend upon improper instruments, and especially upon the use of such as are de¬ ficient in power.The observations which, on this point, we have already quoted from Dr. Barnes, apply here with peculiar force.Power and control are correlative factors toward the attainment of the result which we desire, and if there is a deficiency in the former, we can have but little confidence in the issue of the case."With this forceps we pull directly in the axis of the brain.One cannot grasp the handles of the ordinary forceps with comfort with both hands and still make any great axis traction.Most
Advances in the Management of Patients With Phenylketonuria
Authors: Barbara Umbarger
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The aim of treatment of phenylketonuria is to restore and then to maintain amino acid balance in spite of the metabolic defect. This paper presents the details of management of the low-phenylalanine dietary regimen with particular emphasis on its safe application in infancy. Individualized prescription and monitoring systems represent fundamental improvements in the dietary treatment program. Management of treatment requires a high degree of understanding of the related biochemical responses and also requires the combined skills of an interdisciplinary metabolic team and the parents. It is particularly important at this time that precision in treatment be emphasized as strongly as detection of the disease. This scheme of nutritional, biochemical, and psychological management has proved to work well and to be practical.
THREE CASES OF GASTRIC ULCER PERFORATING ACUTELY
Authors: C. W. Smeeton, C. C. Smith, J. G. E. Colby
Journal: BMJ (1903)

encouraged by some statements in the last of the Erasmus Wilson lectures on Adenoma and Adeno-carcinoma of the Rectum, by Sir Charles Ball.The third lecture, which dealt with treatment, was published in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL of March 7th, 1903, a little more than a week after the operation I have described was actually done.In this lecture Sir Charles Ball strongly supports the " ab- dominal excision."He says this can be completed by bringing the sigmoid to the anus if the sigmoid mesocolon at its greatest length is 6 in.If decidedly less than this, he thinks the operation should be terminated by the formation of an inguinal anus.His method differs from that I have described in this important particular-namely, that he divides the bowel after tying it above and, if possible, below the growth, from the abdomen, and only then turns to the perineum, which would seem to give greater risk of soiling the peritoneum, though doubtless this can be obviated to a large extent by careful use of gauze wraps and pads.The fact that so great an authority on rectal disease states -that "many cases which have been treated by trans-sacral e2xcision would in his opinion have given a better result by this (abdominal) method" encourages me to hope that the -eperation I have described may prove a useful one.
IFN-γ sensitization of prostate cancer cells to fas-mediated death: a gene therapy approach
Authors: William A Selleck, Steven E Canfield, Waleed A Hassen, Marcia Meseck, Alexei I Kuzmin, Randy C Eisensmith, Shu-Hsia Chen, Simon J Hall
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

While human prostate cancers and cell lines express Fas, most of these cell lines are resistant to Fas-mediated death. In the present studies we addressed the ability of IFN-γ to influence Fas-mediated cell death in prostate cancer cells. In vitro exposure of the human cell lines LNCaP and PC3 and the mouse cell line RM-1 to agonist anti-Fas antibody and/or soluble Fas ligand resulted in killing of only PC3 cells. However, preincubation with IFN-γ resulted in synergistic killing in all three cell lines. In vitro treatment of RM-1 with a replication-incompetent adenovirus expressing mouse FasL (Ad.FasL) resulted in maximal cell kill near 40%, which correlated with baseline Fas expression. The addition of IFN-γ enhanced cell kill to a degree consistent with the resulting higher levels of Fas and maintained synergistic killing at very low doses of vector. Co-inoculation of orthotopic RM-1 primary tumors with Ad.mFasL and an adenovirus expressing mouse IL-12 (Ad.mIL-12) to drive host production of IFN-γ negated the survival advantage of Ad.mIL-12 alone. However, the staggered injection of Ad.mIL-12 and Ad.FasL achieved almost threefold higher levels of apoptosis in primary tumor tissue and doubled median survival. Therefore, IFN-γ is capable of bestowing increased sensitivity to Fas-mediated cell death in prostate cancer cells and, in a gene therapy approach, may define a powerful tool to treat prostate cancers.
Rare Case of Otitis Externa Parasitica
Authors: R. Torrance
Journal: BMJ (1880)

THE BRJTISH' MEDICAL .7URNAL.[Oct. 9, IS8.wifery.These facts speak for themselves.It remains to ask: What special instruction in gynoecology is required before a candidate pre- sents himself for his licence?Of all the qualifying bodies, but one requires a certificate of clinical instruction in diseases peculiar to women, viz., the College of Physicians of London.It is a fact that students may complete their course, and have never as much as looked through a speculum.This is not exaggeration.Nor is their practical acquaintance with uterine affections sufficiently tested at their final examinations,
Nitrogen Balance in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure on Diets Containing Varying Quantities of Protein
Authors: J. Ford, M. E. Phillips, F. E. Toye, V. A. Luck, H. E. de Wardener
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Twenty-four nitrogen balances have been performed in 16 patients with chronic renal failure, with a protein intake of 0·23 to 1·0 g./kg./day. The results show that most patients with chronic renal failure require about 0·5 g./kg./day (35 g. for a 70-kg. man) to remain in nitrogen balance. The proportion of high-quality protein in the diets varied from 40 to 98% and the calorie intake from 23·6 to 59·0 calories/kg./day (1,330 to 3,310 calories/day). Within these ranges the proportion of high-quality protein and the calorie content did not have a detectable effect on the nitrogen balance. It is concluded that when other forms of treatment for renal failure are available, reduced protein diets should be used for only short periods, and that the protein intake should be 0·5 g./kg./day to maintain the patient in nitrogen balance.
Fatal Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Ibuprofen
Authors: John B. Guidry
Journal: JAMA (1979)

IBUPROFEN is a phenylproprionate anti-inflammatory agent that has been used for several years for the treatment of a variety of arthritides.<sup>1</sup>Side effects and idiosyncratic reactions have generally occurred less frequently with this agent than with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.<sup>2</sup>We report here the occurrence of fatal autoimmune hemolytic anemia coincident with the administration of ibuprofen. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 49-year-old man was transferred to the Birmingham, Ala, Veterans Administration Hospital because of an acute illness characterized by fever, abdominal pain, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, renal failure, and shock. He had been hospitalized elsewhere ten days earlier because of left ankle pain and swelling that had been intermittent for several months. Hemogram, renal function, hepatic function, and roentgenograms of the left ankle were normal. He was treated with ibuprofen, 400 mg three times daily by mouth, and oxazepam, 10 mg three times daily by mouth. He was asymptomatic
Adherence With Statin Therapy in Elderly Patients With and Without Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Cynthia A. Jackevicius
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Context Landmark clinical trials have demonstrated the survival benefits of statins, with benefits usually starting after 1 to 2 years of treatment.Research prior to these trials of older lipid-lowering agents demonstrated low levels of 1-year adherence.Objective To compare 2-year adherence following statin initiation in 3 cohorts of patients: those with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS), those with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), and those without coronary disease (primary prevention).Design and Setting Cohort study using linked population-based administrative data from Ontario.Patients All patients aged 66 years or older who received at least 1 statin prescription between January 1994 and December 1998 and who did not have a statin prescription in the prior year were followed up for 2 years from their first statin prescription.There were 22379 patients in the ACS, 36106 in the chronic CAD, and 85020 in the primary prevention cohorts. Main Outcome MeasuresAdherence to statins, defined as a statin being dispensed at least every 120 days after the index prescription for 2 years.Results Two-year adherence rates in the cohorts were only 40.1% for ACS, 36.1% for chronic CAD, and 25.4% for primary prevention.Relative to the ACS cohort, nonadherence was more likely among patients receiving statins in the chronic CAD (relative risk [RR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11-1.16)and primary prevention cohorts (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.87-1.96). ConclusionsElderly patients with and without recent ACS have low rates of adherence to statins.This suggests that many patients initiating statin therapy may receive no or limited benefit from statins because of premature discontinuation.