tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Left Ventricular Torsion and Diastolic Recoil After Myocardial Infarction With and Without Chronic Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Frederick A. Tibayan, Filiberto Rodriguez, Frank Langer, Mary K. Zasio, Lynn Bailey, David Liang, George T. Daughters, Neil B. Ingels, D. Craig Miller
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (CIMR) is associated with heart failure that continues unabated whether the valve is repaired, replaced, or ignored. Altered left ventricular (LV) torsion dynamics, with deleterious effects on transmural gradients of oxygen consumption and diastolic filling, may play a role in the cycle of the failing myocardium. We hypothesized that LV dilatation and perturbations in torsion would be greater in animals in which CIMR developed after inferior myocardial infarction (MI) than in those that it did not.8+/-2 days after marker placement in sheep, 3-dimensional fluoroscopic marker data (baseline) were obtained before creating inferior MI by snare occlusion. After 7+/-1 weeks, the animals were restudied (chronic). Inferior MI resulted in CIMR in 11 animals but not in 9 (non-CIMR). End-diastolic septal-lateral and anterior-posterior LV diameters, maximal torsional deformation (phi(max), rotation of the LV apex with respect to the base), and torsional recoil in early diastole (phi(5%), first 5% of filling) for each LV free wall region (anterior, lateral, posterior) were measured.Both CIMR and non-CIMR animals demonstrated derangement of LV torsion after inferior MI. In contrast to non-CIMR, CIMR animals exhibited greater LV dilation and significant reductions in posterior maximal torsion (6.1+/-4.3 degrees to 3.9+/-1.9 degrees * versus 4.4+/-2.5 degrees to 2.8+/-2.0 degrees; mean+/-SD, baseline to chronic, *P<0.05) and anterior torsional recoil (-1.4+/-1.1 degrees to -0.2+/-1.0 degrees versus -1.2+/-1.0 degrees to -1.3+/-1.6 degrees ).MI associated with CIMR resulted in greater perturbations in torsion and recoil than inferior MI without CIMR. These perturbations may be linked to more LV dilation in CIMR, which possibly reduced the effectiveness of fiber shortening on torsion generation. Altered torsion and recoil may contribute to the "ventricular disease" component of CIMR, with increased gradients of myocardial oxygen consumption and impaired diastolic filling. These abnormalities in regional torsion and recoil may, in part, underlie the "ventricular disease" of CIMR, which may persist despite restoration of mitral competence.
Charles Douglas Anderson Robert Lewis ("Robin") Ferguson Ralph Wales Gould Frederick John Sambrook Gowar Brian Kenneth Higton Peter Warren Jackson Gerald O'Gorman Wilfred Allen ("Bill") Oliver John William ("Jack") O'Sullivan David Stuart Michael Robert Thomas
Authors: J. Bancewicz, D. Ferguson, M Gould, E Gould, E. Sharwood-Smith, G. Sharwood-Smith, S. Oussedik, D J Longden, D G D Davidson, S G Greenhough, K Friend, N A. Green, J. H Simpson, M. Bruce, D. Fullerton, I. Stuart, H J Cox, J J Skipper
Journal: BMJ (1998)

MD, FRCP; MC), died of the effects of systemic lupus erythematosus on 5 February 1998.His early years after graduation were dominated by war service with the Royal Army Medical Corps.He was attached to the Tank Corps, always
Contractile State of Cardiac Muscle Obtained from Cats with Experimentally Produced Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure
Authors: JAMES F. SPANN, ROBERT A. BUCCINO, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

The contractile state of papillary muscles from hypertrophied and from failing right ventricles of cats with pulmonary artery constriction was studied. In muscles from failing hearts, the maximum velocity of shortening, active length-tension curves, and maximum rate of tension development were decreased, while the passive length-tension curves and the time from stimulation to peak tension were normal. The augmentation of isometric tension achieved by paired electrical stimulation, increasing frequency of contraction, and strophanthidin was reduced. In muscle from hearts without failure but with ventricular hypertrophy, there were qualitatively similar depressions of contractile function, although of lesser magnitude. It is concluded that congestive heart failure is associated with extreme quantitative abnormalities of the intrinsic contractile state of each unit of heart muscle, which reflect a depression in the intensity of the active state. Further, ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of failure is associated with a depression of the contractility of each unit of myocardium, while cardiac compensation is maintained by the increase in muscle mass.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Version 2.2014
Authors: Margaret von Mehren, R. Lor Randall, Robert S. Benjamin, Sarah Boles, Marilyn M. Bui, Ephraim S. Casper, Ernest U. Conrad, Thomas F. DeLaney, Kristen N. Ganjoo, Suzanne George, Ricardo J. Gonzalez, Martin J. Heslin, John M. Kane, Joel Mayerson, Sean V. McGarry, Christian Meyer, Richard J. O’Donnell, Alberto S. Pappo, I. Benjamin Paz, John D. Pfeifer, Richard F. Riedel, Scott Schuetze, Karen D. Schupak, Herbert S. Schwartz, Brian A. Van Tine, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Mary Anne Bergman, Hema Sundar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting most commonly from KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)-activating mutations. These NCCN Guideline Insights highlight the important updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Soft Tissue Sarcoma specific to the management of patients with GIST experiencing disease progression while on imatinib and/or sunitinib.
Antitumor effect of dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, a small molecule inhibitor of nuclear factor- B, on glioblastoma
Authors: T. Fukushima, M. Kawaguchi, K. Yorita, H. Tanaka, H. Takeshima, K. Umezawa, H. Kataoka
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)

Glioblastoma is the most malignant type of brain tumor. Despite recent advances in therapeutic modalities, the prognosis of glioblastoma remains very poor. Recent studies have indicated that RelA/nuclear factor (NF)-κB is consistently activated in human glioblastoma. In this study, we searched for a new treatment modality for glioblastoma, by examining the effects of dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a unique small molecule inhibitor of NF-κB. Addition of DHMEQ to cultured human glioblastoma cells inhibited the nuclear translocation of RelA. It also reduced the growth rate of human glioblastoma cells significantly in 6 cell lines and modestly in 3 among 10 cell lines examined. Then, we performed further analyses using 3 sensitive cell lines (U87, U251, and YKG-1). The growth retardation was accompanied by G2/M arrest in vitro. Increased apoptosis was observed in U87 and YKG-1, but not U251 cells after DHMEQ treatment. Then, we tested the efficacy of DHMEQ in chemoprevention through the use of a nude mouse model. Subcutaneous tumors formed by U87 or U251 cells were reduced by ∼40% in size by intraperitoneal administration of DHMEQ started immediately after implantation of the cells. DHMEQ treatment achieved statistically significant improvements in survival curves of mice intracranially implanted with U87 or U251 cells. Histological analysis revealed increased areas of necrosis, increased numbers of collapsed microvessels, decreased nuclear immunoreactivity of RelA, and decreased immunoreactivity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in the DHMEQ-treated U87 tumor tissues. These results suggest that the targeting of NF-κB by DHMEQ may serve as a promising treatment modality in glioblastoma.
Shortage of dialysis facilities.
Authors: H de Wardener
Journal: BMJ (1977)

district management team for all medical laboratory investigations performed in the district."The IMLS document on "Future Staffing in the Medical Laboratory Service" further states that "senior members of the profession decide the priority of work to be done and play a part in deciding on further and conse- quent tests."I assume that "profession" referred to in this paragraph means members of the IMLS.
Comparison of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Using Vacuum-Assisted Closure With Advanced Moist Wound Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Peter A Blume
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We appreciate Dr. Hemkens and Dr. Waltering's (1) comments on our recently published article on the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as delivered by vacuum-assisted closure therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (2).

We thank Hemkens and Waltering for recognizing the difficulty in conducting this randomized clinical trial in a blinded fashion. However, we did insure that therapy selection was conducted in a blinded fashion. Neither the physician nor the patient was aware of the treatment assignment before enrolling. Hemkins and Waltering also state that there was a high proportion of censored subject data (33%, n = 11). Given age, health …
Analysis of Concerted Expression of Angiogenic Growth Factors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Expression of Angiopoietin-2 Represents an Independent Prognostic Factor for Overall Survival
Authors: Sonja Loges, Gerhard Heil, Melanie Bruweleit, Volker Schoder, Martin Butzal, Uta Fischer, Ursula M. Gehling, Gunter Schuch, Dieter K. Hossfeld, Walter Fiedler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Bone marrow neoangiogenesis plays an important pathogenetic and possible prognostic role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin family represent the most specific inducers of angiogenesis secreted by AML blasts. We therefore correlated expression of angiogenic factors with clinical variables. Patients and Methods We investigated the expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), and the receptor Tie2 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of 90 patients younger than 61 years with de novo AML entered into the German AML Süddeutsche Hämoblastose Gruppe Hannover 95 trial. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed using clinical and gene expression variables. Results Univariate analysis of overall survival indicated the following variables as prognostic factors: good response on a day-15 bone marrow examination after initiation of induction chemotherapy, karyotype, and high Ang2 expression. In multivariate analysis, only bad response and log Ang2 expression remained of statistical significance, with a hazard ratio of 3.51 (95% CI, 1.91 to 6.47) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.91), respectively. Subgroup analysis suggested that the prognostic impact of Ang2 expression was especially evident in cohorts with low VEGF-C and Ang1 mRNA levels. Conclusion These results show that expression of Ang2 represents an independent prognostic factor in AML. Additional research into interactions of angiogenic cytokines in the pathogenesis of bone marrow angiogenesis in AML is warranted.
Endocrine Secretory Reserve and Proinsulin Processing in Recipients of Islet of Langerhans Versus Whole Pancreas Transplants
Authors: Nabeel M. Elkhafif, Sophie Borot, Philippe Morel, Sandrine Demuylder-Mischler, Laurianne Giovannoni, Christian Toso, Domenico Bosco, Thierry Berney
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

β-Cells have demonstrated altered proinsulin processing after islet transplantation. We compare β-cell metabolic responses and proinsulin processing in pancreas and islet transplant recipients with respect to healthy control subjects.We studied 15 islet and 32 pancreas transplant recipients. Islet subjects were subdivided into insulin-requiring (IR-ISL, n = 6) and insulin-independent (II-ISL, n = 9) groups. Ten healthy subjects served as control subjects. Subjects were administered an intravenous arginine stimulation test, and insulin, C-peptide, total proinsulin, intact proinsulin, and proinsulin fragment levels were determined from serum samples. Acute insulin response (AIR) and proinsulin processing rates were calculated.We found that basal insulin and C-peptide levels were higher in the pancreas group than in all other groups. II-ISL patients had basal insulin and C-peptide levels similar to healthy control subjects. The IR-ISL group had significantly lower AIRs than all other groups. Basal processing rates were higher in the pancreas and II-ISL groups than in healthy control subjects and the IR-ISL group. After arginine stimulation, all groups had elevated processing rates, with the exception of the IR-ISL group.Our data suggest that II-ISL transplant recipients can maintain basal metabolic parameters similar to healthy control subjects at the cost of a higher rate of proinsulin processing. IR-ISL transplant recipients, on the other hand, demonstrate both lower insulin response and lower basal rates of proinsulin processing even after arginine stimulation.
Global profiling of prolactin-modulated transcripts in breast cancer in vivo
Authors: Takahiro Sato, Thai H Tran, Amy R Peck, Chengbao Liu, Adam Ertel, Justin Lin, Lynn M Neilson, Hallgeir Rui
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Abstract Background Prolactin (PRL) is essential for normal mammary gland development. PRL promotes mammary tumor formation in rodents and elevated serum prolactin is associated with increased risk of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in women. On the other hand, PRL may also exert pro-differentiation effects and act to suppress invasive features of established breast cancer. Previously published limited global transcript profiling analyses of prolactin-regulated gene expression in human breast cancer cells have exclusively been performed in vitro . The present study aimed to shed new light on how PRL modulates estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer through global transcript profiling of a human breast cancer xenograft model in vivo . Methods The prolactin-responsive human T47D breast cancer cell line was xenotransplanted into nude mice and global transcript profiling was carried out following treatment with or without human PRL for 48 h. A subset of PRL-modulated transcripts was further validated using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The in vivo analyses identified 130 PRL-modulated transcripts, 75 upregulated and 55 downregulated, based on fold change &gt;1.6 and P-value &lt;0.05. From this initial panel of transcripts, a subset of 18 transcripts with established breast cancer-relevance were selected and validated by qRT-PCR. Some but not all of the transcripts were also PRL-modulated in vitro . The selected PRL-modulated transcripts were tested for dependence on Stat5, Jak1 or Jak2 activation, and for co-regulation by 17β-estradiol (E2). The protein encoded by one of the PRL-regulated transcripts, PTHrP, was examined in a panel of 92 human breast cancers and found by in situ quantitative immunofluorescence analysis to be highly positively correlated with nuclear localized and tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that PRL-upregulated genes were enriched in pathways involved in differentiation. Finally, a gene signature based on PRL-upregulated genes was associated with prolonged relapse-free and metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients. Conclusions This global analysis identified and validated a panel of PRL-modulated transcripts in an ER-positive human breast cancer xenotransplant model, which may have value as markers of relapse-free and metastasis-free survival. Gene products identified in the present study may facilitate ongoing deciphering of the pleiotropic effects of PRL on human breast cancer.
Postnatal changes in the quantities of globin chains and hemoglobin types in two babies with Hb H disease
Authors: K. M. McKie, L.‐H. Gu, Y.‐C. Gu, T. H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

We have studied two babies with Hb H disease from birth to about six months of age and analyzed the changes in the relative quantities of the five globin chains (zeta, alpha, beta, G gamma, A gamma) and the four hemoglobins (Hb F, Hb A, Hb Bart's, Hb H) using different high performance liquid chromatography procedures. The types of Hb H disease were -(SEA)/-alpha(3.7 kb) and -(Fil)/-alpha(3.7 kb); the larger -(Fil) deletion includes the functional zeta 2-globin gene, explaining the higher zeta chain level in the baby with the -(SEA)/-alpha(3.7 kb) type. The functional hemoglobin level at birth (Hb A+Hb F) was 11 to 12 g/dl with 3 to 4 g/dl Hb Bart's (gamma 4). Only 5% of the "fast-moving" hemoglobin was Hb H (beta 4). The level of Hb F at birth was low (less than 50% of the total Hb A+Hb F). After birth, the alpha and gamma chain production decreases rapidly resulting in a severe anemia (total functional hemoglobin approximately 7 g/dl) at 30 to 60 days postnatally, improving gradually to 8.5-9.5 g/dl at age of three months. The preferential formation of Hb A over Hb F at birth, and presumably prenatally, has the advantage that the level of the highly unstable Hb H is kept low; it also results in low levels of Hb F impairing the oxygen transfer capability of the fetal blood.
Medical discovery in the age of breaking news
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

What is breaking news in medicine? Our world is full of breaking news. The ticker tape on 24-h news programmes, half-hourly radio bulletins, the Internet and Twitter, all lend themselves to sensationalism. Breaking news is murder, terrorism or the transfer of Gareth Bale to Real Madrid. Health isn't breaking news, unless a government minister has resigned or a health professional's callousness or ineptitude has killed patients.
Grape Seed Extract Inhibits <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Growth of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Manjinder Kaur, Rana P. Singh, Mallikarjuna Gu, Rajesh Agarwal, Chapla Agarwal
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Accumulating evidences suggest the beneficial effects of fruit-and-vegetable consumption in lowering the risk of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. Herein, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects and associated mechanisms of grape seed extract (GSE), a rich source of proanthocyanidins, against colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: Effects of GSE were examined on human colorectal cancer HT29 and LoVo cells in culture for proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. The in vivo effect of oral GSE was examined on HT29 tumor xenograft growth in athymic nude mice. Xenografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for proliferation and apoptosis. The molecular changes associated with the biological effects of GSE were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results: GSE (25-100 μg/mL) causes a significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth with concomitant increase in cell death. GSE induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest along with a marked increase in Cip1/p21 protein level and a decrease in G1 phase–associated cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. GSE-induced cell death was apoptotic and accompanied by caspase-3 activation. GSE feeding to mice at 200 mg/kg dose showed time-dependent inhibition of tumor growth without any toxicity and accounted for 44% decrease in tumor volume per mouse after 8 weeks of treatment. GSE inhibited cell proliferation but increased apoptotic cell death in tumors. GSE-treated tumors also showed enhanced Cip1/p21 protein levels and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Conclusions: GSE may be an effective chemopreventive agent against colorectal cancer, and that growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of GSE against colorectal cancer could be mediated via an up-regulation of Cip1/p21.
Perspectives on Post-Treatment Cancer Care: Qualitative Research With Survivors, Nurses, and Physicians
Authors: Maria E. Hewitt, Annette Bamundo, Rebecca Day, Catherine Harvey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Cancer survivors have many medical and psychosocial needs that are unaddressed in the post-treatment period. Qualitative research was carried out to assess how a survivorship care plan created by oncologists could improve the quality of survivorship care. Participants and Methods Focus groups and interviews conducted with cancer survivors, nurses, primary care physicians, and oncologists provide insights into post-treatment follow-up practices and the acceptability and feasibility of providing survivors and referring physicians with a cancer survivorship care plan. Results Cancer survivors reported satisfaction with post-treatment medical care, but felt that their psychosocial needs were not met. Survivors expressed enthusiastic support for receipt of a follow-up care plan. Primary care physicians viewed themselves as playing an important role during the post-treatment period and indicated that a written care plan for follow-up would help them improve their survivorship practices. Nurses recognized the need to improve the care of cancer survivors and suggested that they could play an active role in creating and implementing cancer survivorship plans. Physicians providing oncology care acknowledged the value of survivorship care plans, but were not inclined to complete them because such plans would not reduce other reporting and communication requirements and would be burdensome to complete given their busy schedules. Conclusion Survivorship care planning is viewed favorably by consumers, nurses, and physicians, however there are several barriers to its adoption. Barriers may be overcome with: electronic medical records, changes in reporting requirements of insurers, advocacy on the part of patients, and incorporation of care planning in education and training programs.
Increased Levels of C-Reactive Protein After Oral Hormone Replacement Therapy May Not Be Related to an Increased Inflammatory Response
Authors: Antonello Silvestri, Otavio Gebara, Cristiana Vitale, Mauricio Wajngarten, Filippo Leonardo, Josè A.F. Ramires, Massimo Fini, Giuseppe Mercuro, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— It has been suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women is associated with an increased inflammatory response that may trigger acute cardiovascular events. This suggestion is mainly based on the finding of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels after HRT. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a broad spectrum of vascular inflammation markers in 389 postmenopausal women with increased cardiovascular risk at baseline and after either 6 months of HRT (126 women) or no HRT (263 women). Methods and Results— Compared with baseline, CRP levels significantly increased after HRT (0.9±0.2 versus 1.6±0.4 mg/L, P &lt;0.01); on the contrary, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 decreased from 208±57 to 168±37 ng/mL ( P &lt;0.01) after HRT. Similarly, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 decreased from 298±73 to 258±47 ng/mL ( P &lt;0.01), plasma E-selectin levels were reduced from 17.8±5.6 to 14.8±3.9 ng/mL ( P &lt;0.01), interleukin-6 levels decreased from 1.51±0.22 to 1.29±0.28 pg/mL, and s-thrombomodulin plasma levels decreased from 4.8±0.7 to 4.3±0.9 ng/mL ( P &lt;0.01). No significant changes in either CRP or vascular inflammatory marker were detected in women not taking HRT. Conclusions— The discrepancy between increased plasma levels of CRP and reduced plasma levels of all other markers of inflammation suggests that the increased CRP levels after oral HRT may be related to metabolic hepatic activation and not to an acute-phase response. HRT seems to be associated with an overall decrease in vascular inflammation.