tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Individualized Diets for Diabetic Patients
Authors: FRANK Q. NUTTALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A flexible system for diet education and meal planning for diabetic patients is presented. Although this program may be accomplished by interested, knowledgeable physicians, it is best done by a diet counselor (registered dietitian or nurse educator). Nevertheless, physicians should be intimately involved by discussing the patient's progress with the diet counselor and by providing reinforcement of the efforts of the counselor.
Temporary losartan or captopril in young SHR induces malignant hypertension despite initial normotension
Authors: Simona Racasan, Bruni Hahnel, Dionne M. Van Dergiezen, Erwin L. Blezer, Roel Goldschmeding, Branko Braam, Wilhem Kriz, Hein A. Koomans, Jaap A. Joles
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Medicare Cuts Averted
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Public Health England's draft report on shale gas extraction
Authors: A. Law, J. Hays, S. B. Shonkoff, M. L. Finkel
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Introduction:</b>The aim of our study was to determine COVID-19 syndromic phenotypes in a data driven manner using the survey results based on survey results from Carnegie Mellon University’s Delphi Group. <b>Methods:</b> Monthly survey results (&gt;1 million responders per month; 320,326 responders with a certain COVID-19 test status and disease duration &lt;30 days were included in this study) were used sequentially in identifying and validating COVID-19 syndromic phenotypes. Logistic Regression weighted multiple correspondence analysis (LRW-MCA) was used as a preprocessing procedure, in order to weight and transform symptoms recorded by the survey to eigenspace coordinates, capturing a total variance of &gt;75%.These scores along with symptom duration were subsequently used by the Two Step Clustering algorithm to produce symptom clusters. Post-hoc logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities and confirmatory linear principal components analyses were used to further explore the data. Model creation, based on August’s 66,165 included responders, was subsequently validated in data from March – December 2020. <b>Results:</b> Five validated COVID-19 syndromes were identified in August: 1. Afebrile (0%), Non-Coughing (0%), Oligosymptomatic (ANCOS) 2. Febrile (100%) Multisymptomatic (FMS) 3. Afebrile (0%) Coughing (100%) Oligosymptomatic (ACOS), 4. Oligosymptomatic with additional self-described symptoms (100%; OSDS) and 5. Olfaction / Gustatory Impairment Predominant (100%; OGIP). <b>Discussion:</b> Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 spectrum may be undetectable when applying current disease definitions focusing on respiratory symptoms alone.
Exclamations in Expiration for Obstructive Emphysema
Authors: T. E. Hair
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There are not many physicians and nurses, who, in caring for patients with obstructive pulmonary emphysema and related conditions, have not been impressed, in some manner at least, by the frequency with which such patients repeatedly utter "Oh Lordy," "Oh Jesus," or some similar exclamations. Such phrases may have religious connotations or may be frank profanity; the latter I leave to the reader's imagination or previous experience. It should be pointed out that, while such phrases may aid the patient's emotional comfort somewhat, they also function in a very definite way to improve ventilation. In conditions such as pulmonary emphysema there is, during the expiratory phase, a progressive narrowing of the peripheral airways. The narrowing can be ameliorated by such maneuvers as "purse-lip" breathing or grunting expirations. These, by increasing the resistance to outflow more proximally, serve to keep the collapsible parts distended, allowing, consequently, a greater
Urgency and priority for cardiac surgery: a clinical judgment analysis
Authors: F Kee, P McDonald, J R Kirwan, C C Patterson, A H G Love
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Clinical Standards Advisory Group has expressed concern over the lack of clear criteria with which to accord priority to patients awaiting coronary artery bypass surgery.1 Until recently, the most notable research on what determines “urgency” was to be found in reports from Ontario which point to variations between doctors and institutions in the criteria they use to place patients in a queue.2-4 Earlier this year the New Zealand National Advisory Committee on Health published its findings on the impact that some social factors, such as the threat to independence, the care of dependants, or the patient's ability to work, might have on decisions related to priority.5

The influence of demographic or lifestyle factors, such as age or smoking habit, on waiting list priority has been debated prominently in the United Kingdom. 6 7 Doctors may take an individual view of the probable effectiveness of revascularisation in some patients (for example, smokers compared with non-smokers). However, neither the perceived efficacy of the procedure nor the distinction between “urgency” (the speed required to intervene to obtain a desired clinical outcome) and “priority” (the relative position on a surgical waiting list) has yet been investigated. Doctors might agree that a patient who smokes needs urgent intervention but disagree over the priority this patient should be accorded on a waiting list for surgery.

In response to the Clinical Standards Advisory Group report, a regional workshop sponsored by the Northern Ireland Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team was convened in the spring of 1996 to address these issues. Two main research questions were:

• • Do clinicians pay attention to demographic and lifestyle factors when making urgency and priority judgments?

• • Do disagreements between clinicians arise out of differences in how they attend to clinical and demographic factors in arriving at …
Lectin-mediated bioadhesion: Proteolytic stability and binding-characteristics of wheat germ agglutinin and Solanum tuberosum lectin on Caco-2, HT-29 and human colonocytes
Authors: Franz Gabor, Michael Wirth, Barbara Jurkovich, Ines Haberl, Gerhard Theyer, Gerhard Walcher, Gerhard Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1997)
THE ARTHRITIS OF SERUM SICKNESS
Authors: RALPH H. BOOTS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Most patients receiving considerable amounts of therapeutic serum develop serum sickness. Formerly this was most frequently observed following the administration of diphtheria antitoxin, but recently the introduction of larger doses of horse serum in the treatment of pneumonia and cerebrospinal meningitis has furnished more examples of this condition. Clinically, it is manifested during the second and third weeks following the serum treatment by fever, lymph node enlargement, urticaria and short, transitory leukopenia followed by leukocytosis. Another less frequent but very distressing symptom is joint pain and tenderness, the exact nature of which is but little understood. Up to the present time this manifestation has taken its name from the subjective symptoms. Pirquet and Schick<sup>1</sup>speak of it as<i>Gelenkschmerzen</i>. During the treatment of a large series of patients with antistreptococcic and antidiphtheritic serums, they did not encounter a single instance in which there was clinically demonstrable exudation into the
Epidemiology of the rheumatic diseases
Authors: T D Spector
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Reviewsthat electromyography has little to offer in the mangement of spinal disease.Treatments both traditional and unconventional are all extensively reviewed and a lot of common sense advice on the management of neck pain is provided but, as one reads, it becomes very clear that, despite being a frequent source of pain, the cervical spine is a sadly neglected area in the field of research.Conclusion-an excellent browse and a good reference book to have in the department or library.
Relationship of irreversible myocardial injury to troponin I and creatine kinase-MB elevation after coronary artery bypass surgery: Insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Joseph B. Selvanayagam, David Pigott, Lognathen Balacumaraswami, Steffen E. Petersen, Stefan Neubauer, David P. Taggart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Malignant Degeneration in Dyschondroplasia-Reply
Authors: A. B. Hayles
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  I am indeed in error in my statement that malignant degeneration is rare among patients with chondrodysplasia, if one includes patients from all age groups. The condition is rare among patients of pediatric age, however. I talked with Dr. Dahlin about this matter and he feels that approximately one-third of the patients who have dyschondroplasia ultimately develop chrondrosarcoma. In a review of our experience with malignant lesions of the bone in children, there is no patient with chondrosarcoma secondary to dyschondroplasia. This, however, does not mean that the condition does not occur among patients later in life.  I apologize for this honest mistake based on my firm conviction that enchondromata rarely underwent malignant degeneration.
Sonographic evidence for the involvement of the utero-ovarian counter-current system in the ovarian control of directed uterine sperm transport
Authors: G Kunz
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

Sperm transport from the cervix into the tube is an important uterine function within the process of reproduction. This function is exerted by uterine peristalsis and is controlled by the dominant ovarian structure via a cascade of endocrine events. The uterine peristaltic activity involves only the stratum subvasculare of the myometrium, which exhibits a predominantly circular arrangement of muscular fibres that separate at the fundal level into the fibres of the cornua and continue into the circular muscles of the respective tubes. Since spermatozoa are transported preferentially into the tube ipsilateral to the dominant follicle, this asymmetric uterine function may be controlled by the ovary via direct effects utilizing the utero-ovarian counter-current system, in addition to the systemic circulation. To test this possibility the sonographic characteristics of the uterine vascular bed were studied during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Vaginal sonography with the measurement of Doppler flow characteristics of both uterine arteries and of the arterial anastomoses of the uterine and ovarian arteries (junctional vessels) in the cornual region of both sides of the uterus during the menstrual phase of regular-cycling women demonstrated significant lower resistance indices of the junctional vessels ipsilateral to the side of the dominant ovarian structure as compared with the corresponding arteries contralaterally. By the use of the perfusion mode technique, it could be observed that vascular perfusion of the fundal myometrium was significantly increased ipsilateral to the dominant follicle during the late follicular phase of the cycle. These results show that the endocrine control of the dominant ovarian structure over uterine function is not only exerted via the systemic circulation but also directly, most probably utilizing the utero-ovarian counter-current system.
Magnesium intoxication during 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol treatment].
Authors: J A Kanis, R Smith, R J Walton, M Bartlett
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The ClpXP degradation machine consists of a hexameric AAA+ unfoldase (ClpX) and a pair of heptameric serine protease rings (ClpP) that unfold, translocate, and subsequently degrade client proteins. ClpXP is an important target for drug development against infectious diseases. Although structures are available for isolated ClpX and ClpP rings, it remains unknown how symmetry mismatched ClpX and ClpP work in tandem for processive substrate translocation into the ClpP proteolytic chamber. Here we present cryo-EM structures of the substrate-bound ClpXP complex from <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> at 2.3 to 3.3 Å resolution. The structures allow development of a model in which the cyclical hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to concerted motions of ClpX loops that lead to directional substrate translocation and ClpX rotation relative to ClpP. Our data add to the growing body of evidence that AAA+ molecular machines generate translocating forces by a common mechanism.
Analysis of Pulsatile Blood Flow and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Eugene Morkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

ALTHOUGH the pulsatile nature of the circulation of blood has long been recognized, until recently most considerations of blood flow have dealt with only the steady state or mean component of blood flow. The purpose of this seminar is to review recent advances in the understanding of pulsatile blood flow both to serve as an introduction to this rapidly expanding area and to indicate the possible ultimate clinical usefulness of this approach. I shall proceed by reviewing first the development of mathematical theory for the analysis of pulsatile flow and its application to the study of single heartbeats in simple . . .
Community support needs higher priority in disaster relief
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Humanitarian responses to wars and natural disasters should include more social support for communities alongside medical aid, the inaugural World Extreme Medicine Conference has heard.

Richard Williams, lead officer for disaster management at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said that the delivery of psychosocial care to victims of major incidents was “neglected.”

He said that communities suffering mass trauma needed urgent help to boost the “recovery environment” as well as treatment and protection from diseases.

Medical aid organisations were apt to get carried away with “big things like infections” and to forget they needed a vehicle for delivering their interventions, he said.

Williams told the conference, “The first thing you should do, after you have got water, …
A Regional End-Stage Renal Disease Program: Twelve Years' Experience
Authors: RAFAEL V. M. CESTERO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

As of 31 December 1978, 558 patients with end-stage renal disease had been treated with transplantation (150), home dialysis (109), and center dialysis (299). Three hundred twenty-eight patients survived—194 (59%) in center, 51 (15%) at home, and 83 (25%) with functioning grafts. The number and age of new patients continue to increase. Significantly more deaths occur among center dialysis patients than among transplant recipients or home patients. Cadaveric donors provide 71% of transplanted kidneys. The increase in new and older patients without a commensurate increase in cadaver organs results in a declining transplantation rate. Home dialysis training has not decreased. Home dialysis and transplantation can treat about 50% of all new patients. Equilibrium in the end-stage renal disease population will occur when 632 patients per million are receiving treatment. Of these, about 500 will be on center dialysis and will need about 100 stations per million population.
NHS employs too many hospital doctors, minister says
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The NHS is employing far more hospital doctors than it should be, the health secretary for England, Patricia Hewitt, has told the parliamentary select committee on health. 

Staffing levels were above what had been proposed in the NHS workforce plans, she said at a hearing this week on deficits in the NHS. 

The Department of Health had estimated that the number of hospital doctors employed by 2007 in England should be 74 590. 

“Already the NHS has employed more hospital doctors than it was intended to by 2007,” she said. 

“In fact, by 2004 the NHS employed 78 000 hospital doctors, and by 2005 [the number] had risen to 82 000.” 

The NHS had spent more of its money for growth on extra staffing than had been planned and had taken on “significantly more” hospital doctors and nurses and “somewhat more” GPs than …
TREATMENT IN COMPOUND, COMPOUND COMMINUTED, AND NON-UNION OR UNUNITED FRACTURES.
Authors: C. D. EVANS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In placing before this society a simple contrivance for the treatment of compound, compound comminuted and non-union or ununited fractures I somewhat hesitate, for fear that it may be looked upon as an individual or special splint, a fancy of my own, or as so many have, a "hobby." This I must leave for your consideration. This appliance I have used as much for after-treatment where operation was necessary as I have for fractures alone. It is the operation for the ununited fracture to which I wish to call especial attention. I can better describe the operation, splint and dressings by reporting the following case: Charles L., aged 32, presented fracture of the upper part of the lower third of his right leg. He was a miner, Irish, and with good family history, no constitutional troubles, no previous sickness, excepting in childhood, and no history of venereal nor hereditary disease.
Metabolic activity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and gene expression during exposure to xylitol and sucrose
Authors: Eva-Maria Decker, Christian Klein, Dimitri Schwindt, Christiane von Ohle
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2014)

The objective of the study was to analyse Streptococcus mutans biofilms grown under different dietary conditions by using multifaceted methodological approaches to gain deeper insight into the cariogenic impact of carbohydrates. S. mutans biofilms were generated during a period of 24 h in the following media: Schaedler broth as a control medium containing endogenous glucose, Schaedler broth with an additional 5% sucrose, and Schaedler broth supplemented with 1% xylitol. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)-based analyses of the microbial vitality, respiratory activity (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride, CTC) and production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were performed separately in the inner, middle and outer biofilm layers. In addition to the microbiological sample testing, the glucose/sucrose consumption of the biofilm bacteria was quantified, and the expression of glucosyltransferases and other biofilm-associated genes was investigated. Xylitol exposure did not inhibit the viability of S. mutans biofilms, as monitored by the following experimental parameters: culture growth, vitality, CTC activity and EPS production. However, xylitol exposure caused a difference in gene expression compared to the control. GtfC was upregulated only in the presence of xylitol. Under xylitol exposure, gtfB was upregulated by a factor of 6, while under sucrose exposure, it was upregulated by a factor of three. Compared with glucose and xylitol, sucrose increased cell vitality in all biofilm layers. In all nutrient media, the intrinsic glucose was almost completely consumed by the cells of the S. mutans biofilm within 24 h. After 24 h of biofilm formation, the multiparametric measurements showed that xylitol in the presence of glucose caused predominantly genotypic differences but did not induce metabolic differences compared to the control. Thus, the availability of dietary carbohydrates in either a pure or combined form seems to affect the cariogenic potential of S. mutans biofilms. Sucrose sugar and xylitol sweetener both activate genes involved in tooth decay in a bacterium commonly found in the human mouth. Eva-Maria Decker and her colleagues at the University of Tübingen, Germany, cultured Streptococcus mutans in a glucose-rich broth and in the same broth containing sucrose or xylitol. The bacteria formed complex communities called biofilms under all three conditions. The presence of sucrose increased the bacteria's metabolic activity throughout the various biofilm layers. Despite previous claims that xylitol helps prevent cavities, the natural sweetener did not affect bacterial viability. Both sucrose- and xylitol-supplemented media led to increased expression of several genes involved in biofilm formation. The study, one of only a few concerning the effects of xylitol on S. mutans biofilms, calls into question the effectiveness of xylitol in preventing tooth decay.
Commission's inspections of primary care may be overly bureaucratic, GPs warn
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Plans for general practices to be checked by a newly established inspection body should not mean yet another layer of bureaucracy for GPs, one of their leaders has said.

John Canning, chairman of a BMA subcommittee on GP contracts and performance, also said that the Care Quality Commission, which has taken over the work of three inspection bodies, including the Healthcare Commission, should be sensitive to variation among general practices.

Dr Canning was speaking at a conference in London on Thursday 7 May looking at the work of the new …
DIFFERENCES IN LONGITUDINAL MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION BETWEEN THE THREE MAIN TYPES OF CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS: AN INSIGHT INTO DIFFERENT MECHANISMS OF SURVIVAL?
Authors: Candida Cristina Quarta, Imran Uraizee, Rodney H. Falk, Jenna Kruger, Simone Longhi, Claudio Rapezzi, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Intravascular ultrasound after primary angloplasty for acute myocardial infarction: Predictors of acute coronary occulusion
Authors: Masashi Iwabuchi, Selichi Haruta, Atushi Taguchi, Tomoo Genda, Yoshito Ichikawa, Satoshi Katai, Takeshi Imaoka, Yoshito Shimizu, Tadayuki Shimakura, Mafumi Ohwa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Electrocardiographic Artifact Due to Malfunction of An Electric Watch
Authors: Michael Lesch
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Artifacts of the electrocardiogram may appear as abnormalities of QRS complex or S-T segment configuration, as cardiac arrhythmias, or as apparent pacemaker malfunction. The latter two are of particular interest since misdiagnosis of rhythm or pacemaker function may result in the acute administration or use of inappropriate therapeutic agents. Artifacts that simulate rhythm disorders include myotonic muscle contractions due to hypothermia (223:439, 1973), benign familial tremor and the tremor of Parkinson disease (224: 1534, 1973). Apparent pacemaker malfunction may be caused by a broken wire in an extremity lead (220:1130, 1972). This communication describes another potential source of electrocardiographic artifact. Caused by an electric watch, it may appear as either a rhythm or a pacemaker artifact. <h3>Example.—</h3> A 73-year-old man was being studied because of vertigo. His initial ECG revealed 1- to 3-mm amplitude spikes that were independent of the basic cardiac rhythm and occurred at a rate