tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-191 Case Series of 162 Video Capsule Endoscopies from a Single UK Tertiary Referral Centre
Authors: R A Ley Greaves, E Russo, J Faulkner, P Gummett, J Hoare
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is now a routine procedure for investigating the small bowel. It is not apparent whether the yield and utility of the procedure is the same when used in routine practise, compared to earlier studies<sup>1–3</sup>. The yield of the procedure is important when planning local provision of enteroscopy services. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively audited 162 consecutive procedures in a single UK centre. In our analysis we defined diagnostic yield as confirming or establishing a diagnosis or definitively refuting a diagnosis previously suggested by other investigations. Patients were fasted for at least 8 hours and not given bowel preparation. Equipment was from Olympus UK. Studies were initially read by a non-medically qualified healthcare worker before approval by the senior author, after a learning phase when the initial 50 examinations were dual read. Patency capsules were used in patients with obstructive type symptoms or known Crohn’s disease. <h3>Results</h3> The overall diagnostic yield was 35% which is slightly lower but comparable to early studies3. The yield for overt GI bleeding (OGIB) was 43%, lower than the often reported yield of approximately 60%. Of the 162 patients 14 were referred on for enteroscopy (8.6%) which is lower than many early reports. Of the 14 referred, 10 were for anaemia and 4 for OGIB. 11 had successful therapy with balloon enteroscopy and 1 was diagnosed and a tattoo placed for lesion resection. In 9/162 studies (5.5%) pathology was found within reach of gastroscopy or colonoscopy and had been missed on previous examination. One retained capsule required surgical removal (0.6%). Four capsules were retained in the stomach (2.4%) and 30 were seen to enter the small bowel but did not reach the caecum (18.5%). 16 studies were deemed inadequate due to food debris (9.8%). 2 failed due to equipment malfunction. Total incomplete examination rate was therefore 30%. Average small bowel transit time was 281 minutes (range 90–710). Anaemia (n = 87) was the most common indication with a diagnostic yield of 33%. OGIB (n = 37) was the next most common indication yielding 43%. Query Crohn’s (n = 22) had a yield of 14%. Malabsorption query Coeliac (n = 5) yielded 40%. Unsurprisingly known Coeliac (n = 2) gave a complete yield of 100%. Abnormal Imaging (n = 4) returned a 75% yield. Weight loss (n = 1) gave 0% yield. Abdo pain (n = 4) had a 25% yield. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In routine practise VCE is a useful technique to diagnose patients with small bowel disorders. Yield seems slightly lower than previous studies but is still significant. Incomplete examination rate was high, mostly due to inadequate battery life. Only 8.6% of patients required enteroscopy which has implications for service provision. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Triester<i> et al.</i> 2005 Marmo <i>et al.</i> 2005 Hartmann <i>et al.</i>2005
Imaging the endometrium in postmenopausal bleeding
Authors: A Sahdev
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A 72 year old multiparous woman presented with intermittent postmenopausal bleeding. The patient's relevant medical history included insulin dependent diabetes, hypertension, and recent breast cancer. She had been treated with tamoxifen for three years. On examination, the patient was obese (body mass index 32) and no cause for the bleeding was found in the introitus, vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, or adnexa. She was referred to the cancer unit for gynaecological assessment in accordance with "improving outcomes in gynaecological cancers" 1999 guidelines.1 #### Learning points
Luteolin Inhibits Protein Kinase Cϵ and c-Src Activities and UVB-Induced Skin Cancer
Authors: Sanguine Byun, Ki Won Lee, Sung Keun Jung, Eun Jung Lee, Mun Kyung Hwang, Sung Hwan Lim, Ann M. Bode, Hyong Joo Lee, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Luteolin, a flavonoid present in various vegetables including onion and broccoli, has been reported to possess anticarcinogenic effects. However, its chemopreventive effect on UV-induced skin cancer and its mechanism are not fully understood. Herein, we examined the chemopreventive effect and associated mechanisms of luteolin in the JB6 P+ cell line and the SKH-1 hairless mouse model. Luteolin suppressed UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB activity in JB6 P+ cells. Immunoblot and kinase assay data showed that luteolin attenuated protein kinase Cϵ (PKCϵ) and Src kinase activities and subsequently inhibited UVB-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the Akt signaling pathway. In addition, pull-down assays revealed that luteolin binds directly to PKCϵ and Src in an ATP-competitive manner. Importantly, luteolin suppressed tumor incidence, multiplicity, and overall size in SKH-1 hairless mice. Analysis of the skin by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting showed that luteolin-treated groups had a substantial reduction in the levels of cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared with groups treated with only UVB. Further analysis using skin lysates showed that luteolin inhibited PKCϵ and Src kinase activity. Together, these data suggest that luteolin exerts potent chemopreventive activity against UVB-induced skin cancer mainly by targeting PKCϵ and Src. Cancer Res; 70(6); 2415–23
Cognitive Impairment in Primary Care
Authors: David A. Nardone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 January 1996Cognitive Impairment in Primary CareDavid A. Nardone, MDDavid A. Nardone, MDVeterans Health Administration Medical Center; Portland, OR 97207Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I disagree with Callahan and colleagues [1] that their study was a systematic screening effort for cognitive abnormalities. This contradicts what the authors state as one of the limitations of their study. In an earlier communication [2], in response to an article by White and Davis [3], we noted differences in test characteristics between long (30-question) and short (10-question) mental status examinations. Longer mental status examinations have higher true-positive rates and lower likelihood-negative ratios; shorter mental status examinations have lower false-positive rates and higher likelihood-positive ratios. Consequently, the shorter versions are better for making a diagnosis of ...References1. Callahan CM, Hendrie HC, Tierney WT. Documentation and evaluation of cognitive impairment in elderly primary care patients. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:422-9. Google Scholar2. Nardone DA, Gorman PN. Cognitive screening tests [Letter]. J Gen Intern Med. 1991; 6:267. Google Scholar3. White H, Davis PB. Cognitive screening tests: an aid in the care of elderly outpatients. J Gen Intern Med. 1990; 5:438-45. Google Scholar4. Foreman MD. Reliability and validity of mental status questionnaires in elderly hospitalized patients. Nurs Res. 1987; 36:216-20. Google Scholar5. Jacobs JW, Bernhard MR, Delgado A, Strain JJ. Screening for organic mental syndromes in the medically ill. Ann Intern Med. 1977; 86:40-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David A. Nardone, MDAffiliations: Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Portland, OR 97207 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 2Page: 273KeywordsCognitive impairmentForecastingHealth care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Indium-111 Leukocyte Appearance of Salmonella Mycotic Aneurysm
Authors: PHEBE CHEN, LAMK LAMKI, BHARAT RAVAL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was readmitted because of abdominal and back pain 2 weeks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A CT scan 7 days after readmission showed an enhancing infrarenal periaortic soft tissue mass. An in-111 labeled leukocyte scan performed the following day showed an abnormal focal increased uptake in the paravertebral region, suggesting a focus of infection or localized abscess. A repeat CT scan 4 days later showed enlargement of the periaortic soft tissue mass with rim enhancement, loss of aortic calcification, and poor visualization of the posterior wall of the aorta, suggesting a mycotic aneurysm. A mycotic aneurysm of the infrarenal aorta was confirmed on angiography the following day. In the meantime, the patient's blood culture became positive for Salmonella cholerasuls. The patient was taken to the operating room for debridement and primary repair on the 13th day of readmission. Postoperatively, he developed adult respiratory distress syndrome and died a month later. No autopsy was performed.
THE DRAFTING AS A PRIVATE OF A LOYAL PHYSICIAN OF FOREIGN BIRTH
Authors: A. H. Koumjian
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A friend of mine, a young graduate with a fine manhood and loyalty, with splendid medical and surgical training, but with a foreign birth, writes me from the Columbus Barracks: Here I am, at last, in Uncle Sam's service, in a snugly fitting private's uniform. As you remember, I have been offering myself for service for the last year or more, in fact before the draft law was passed; and last month I went to Washington armed with my naturalization papers, protesting my loyalty, telling them that I was only 8 years old when I left my native country, and that I have lived in this country for the last sixteen years, was educated in its schools, trained in the spirit of its institutions, and that as I remembered our constitution, a naturalized citizen could aspire to any office but that of the President of the United
Polycomb Limits the Neurogenic Competence of Neural Precursor Cells to Promote Astrogenic Fate Transition
Authors: Yusuke Hirabayashi, Nao Suzki, Masafumi Tsuboi, Takaho A. Endo, Tetsuro Toyoda, Jun Shinga, Haruhiko Koseki, Miguel Vidal, Yukiko Gotoh
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Allergic contact dermatitis secondary to topical nitroglycerin
Authors: W. F. Sausker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Physicians have long been looking for a practical, longacting nitrate product for prophylaxis of exertional and nocturnal angina pectoris. Sustained nitrate effects from cutaneously absorbed nitroglycerin have long been known to industry. 1 Topically applied nitroglycerin ointment was introduced in 1955 but never achieved clinical acceptance. 2 In an editorial Vaisrub (236:292, 1976) reviewed the current status and effectiveness of topically applied nitroglycerin and stated, Barring an unexpected fly, glycerin ointment promises to be a useful addition to the therapeutic unguentarium. This report of allergic contact dermatitis caused by topically applied nitroglycerin ointment may well be a small fly in the ointment.  Report of a Case.—  A 60-year-old man was treated with nitroglycerin (Nitrol) ointment for angina prophylaxis. The patient stated that he was experiencing relief of his exertional angina using 1.27 cm of the ointment applied twice daily to various areas of his trunk. After approximately
TMEM16A alternative splicing coordination in breast cancer
Authors: Ifeoma Ubby, Erica Bussani, Antonio Colonna, Giuseppe Stacul, Martina Locatelli, Paolo Scudieri, Luis Galietta, Franco Pagani
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Abstract Background TMEM16A , also known as Anoctamin - 1 , is a calcium-activated chloride channel gene overexpressed in many tumors. The role of TMEM16A in cancer is not completely understood and no data are available regarding the potential tumorigenic properties of the multiple isoforms generated by alternative splicing (AS). Methods We evaluated TMEM16A AS pattern, isoforms distribution and Splicing Coordination (SC), in normal tissues and breast cancers, through a semi-quantitative PCR-assay that amplifies transcripts across three AS exons, 6b, 13 and 15. Results In breast cancer, we did not observe an association either to AS of individual exons or to specific TMEM16A isoforms, and induced expression of the most common isoforms present in tumors in the HEK293 Flp-In Tet-ON system had no effect on cellular proliferation and migration. The analysis of splicing coordination, a mechanism that regulates AS of distant exons, showed a preferential association of exon 6b and 15 in several normal tissues and tumors: isoforms that predominantly include exon 6b tend to exclude exon 15 and vice versa. Interestingly, we found an increase in SC in breast tumors compared to matched normal tissues. Conclusions As the different TMEM16A isoforms do not affect proliferation or migration and do not associate with tumors, our results suggest that the resulting channel activities are not directly involved in cell growth and motility. Conversely, the observed increase in SC in breast tumors suggests that the maintenance of the regulatory mechanism that coordinates distant alternative spliced exons in multiple genes other than TMEM16A is necessary for cancer cell viability.
Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition is not always `wear and tear' or aging
Authors: G. D Wright, M. Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

A 54 year old man gave a two year history of a painful right hip, fingers, and wrists.There was no past medical history of note.On examination there were bilateral, bony, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint swellings and painful restriction of movement in his right hip.The remainder of the examination was unremarkable.It was thought, at the initial presentation, that the clinical and radiographic features (fig 1) were consistent with osteoarthritis and he was treated symptomatically.A further rheumatology opinion was sought two years later as his symptoms were progressive.Because of the history and radiographic features further investigations were requested.Radiographs of his knees confirmed chondrocalcinosis and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals were identified in synovial fluid aspirate by compensated polarised light microscopy.The serum ferritin concentration was found to be increased at 1200 µg/l.The -glutamyltransferase was 65 (10-50 U/l) and the alanine aminotransferase 65 (5-40 U/l), the remainder of the liver function tests were normal.A liver biopsy confirmed haemochromatosis.Regular phlebotomy was instituted.Eight months later his serum ferritin and liver function tests had returned to normal.The arthropathy, however, remained symptomatic, requiring regular topical agents, analgesics, and education in pain management.He eventually required a right hip arthroplasty.Screening of family members identified an asymptomatic aVected sister who subsequently underwent phlebotomy.
AKT/mTOR Pathway Activation and BCL-2 Family Proteins Modulate the Sensitivity of Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to RAD001
Authors: Marin Marinov, Algirdas Ziogas, Olivier E. Pardo, Liwen Terence Tan, Tony Dhillon, Francesco A. Mauri, Heidi A. Lane, Nicholas R. Lemoine, Uwe Zangemeister-Wittke, Michael J. Seckl, Alexandre Arcaro
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently activated in human cancers and plays an important role in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) biology. We investigated the potential of targeting mTOR signaling as a novel antitumor approach in SCLC. Experimental Design: The expression of mTOR in patient specimens and in a panel of SCLC cell lines was analyzed. The effects on SCLC cell survival and downstream signaling were determined following mTOR inhibition by the rapamycin derivative RAD001 (Everolimus) or down-regulation by small interfering RNA. Results: We found elevated expression of mTOR in patient specimens and SCLC cell lines, compared with normal lung tissue and normal lung epithelial cells. RAD001 treatment impaired basal and growth factor–stimulated cell growth in a panel of SCLC cell lines. Cells with increased Akt pathway activation were more sensitive to RAD001. Accordingly, a constitutive activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway was sufficient to sensitize resistant SCLC cells to the cytotoxic effect of RAD001. In the sensitive cells, RAD001 showed a strong additive effect to the proapoptotic action of the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide. Intriguingly, we observed low Bcl-2 family proteins levels in the SCLC cells with a constitutive Akt pathway activation, whereas an increased expression was detected in the RAD001-resistant SCLC cells. An antisense construct targeting Bcl-2 or a Bcl-2–specific inhibitor was able to sensitize resistant SCLC cells to RAD001. Moreover, SCLC tumor growth in vivo was significantly inhibited by RAD001. Conclusion: Together, our data show that inhibiting mTOR signaling with RAD001 potently disrupts growth and survival signaling in human SCLC cells.
Effect of Kveim Antigen and Old Tuberculin on Lymphocytes in Culture from Sarcoid Patients
Authors: D. C. Cowling, D. Quaglino, P. K. M. Barrett
Journal: BMJ (1964)

This supports the view that anergy to tuberculin in sarcoidosis is due to an absence of lymphocytes in the circulation capable of reacting to tuberculin, and also suggests that the Kveim reaction is, unlike the classical delayed hypersensitivity reaction, probably not mediated by lymphocytes.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Ginkgo biloba&lt;/emph&gt; and Cognitive Decline—Reply
Authors: Beth E. Snitz
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Streamlined research governance: are we there yet?
Authors: N. Fudge, J. Redfern, C. Wolfe, C. McKevitt
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Despite the promise of a new streamlined process for gaining research ethics and governance approval, Nina Fudge, Judith Redfern, Charles Wolfe, and Christopher McKevitt argue that the process is still dogged by delay and arbitrary decisions
A Novel Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor–Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) in the Development of Cardiac Dysfunction and Failure
Authors: Mohit Jain, Aniela Jakubowski, Lei Cui, Jianru Shi, Lihe Su, Michael Bauer, Jian Guan, Chee Chew Lim, Yoshiro Naito, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Flora Sam, Christine Ambrose, Michael Parr, Thomas Crowell, John M. Lincecum, Monica Z. Wang, Yen-Ming Hsu, Timothy S. Zheng, Jennifer S. Michaelson, Ronglih Liao, Linda C. Burkly
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Tumor necrosis factor–like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is a multifunctional cytokine known to regulate cellular functions in contexts of injury and disease through its receptor, fibroblast growth factor–inducible molecule 14 (Fn14). Although many of the processes and downstream signals regulated by the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway have been implicated in the development of cardiac dysfunction, the role of TWEAK in the cardiovascular system is completely unknown. Methods and Results— Herein, we demonstrate that mouse and human cardiomyocytes express the TWEAK receptor Fn14. Furthermore, we determine that elevated circulating levels of TWEAK, induced via transgenic or adenoviral-mediated gene expression in mice, result in dilated cardiomyopathy with subsequent severe cardiac dysfunction. This phenotype was mediated exclusively by the Fn14 receptor, independent of tumor necrosis factor-α, and was associated with cardiomyocyte elongation and cardiac fibrosis but not cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, we find that circulating TWEAK levels were differentially upregulated in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy compared with other forms of heart disease and normal control subjects. Conclusions— Our data suggest that TWEAK/Fn14 may be important in regulating myocardial structural remodeling and function and may play a role in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Extensive Cellular Reprogramming during HIV-1 Entry
Authors: Jason A. Wojcechowskyj, Chuka A. Didigu, Jessica Y. Lee, Nicholas F. Parrish, Rohini Sinha, Beatrice H. Hahn, Frederic D. Bushman, Shane T. Jensen, Steven H. Seeholzer, Robert W. Doms
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Calcium Antagonists and Potassium Balance
Authors: Allen Sugarman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Recent letters to JAMA have discussed the issue of hyperkalemia in association with the use of calcium channel antagonists. 1,2 The link between calcium and potassium transport at the cellular level has been well recognized. Membrane permeability to potassium in many cell types has been shown to be related to the concentration of intracellular calcium. 3 Studies have revealed that maneuvers designed to increase effective intracellular calcium concentration enhance net potassium efflux from cells, 4 whereas those directed at reducing effective intracellular calcium concentration impair net potassium efflux from cells. 5   Our studies have shown that verapamil and nifedipine enhance the extrarenal disposal of an acute intravenous potassium load administered to acutely nephrectomized rats. 6 This enhanced extrarenal potassium tolerance could not be accounted for by the intervention of insulin, aldosterone, or β 2 -catecholamines. We postulated that the impaired calcium entry into cells mediated by the
Diarrhoea in Kwashiorkor
Authors: B. Wharton, G. Howells, I. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Diarrhoea was a common problem in the kwashiorkor seen in Kampala, contributing to the mortality and delay in recovery. Enteric infection was found in only a few children (8%), but when present it caused particularly severe diarrhoea and was frequently complicated by septicaemia.Sugar intolerance often occurred to lactose and other sugars, both monosaccharide and disaccharide. The children were most commonly intolerant of lactose, and some of these may have had a hereditary lactase deficiency.Antibiotics are rarely indicated for the treatment of diarrhoea in kwashiorkor in Kampala. If reducing substances are found in the stool of a child on a milk diet, a diet based on sucrose is substituted, and if intolerance persists a fructose diet is given. A few children are intolerant of all sugars, including fructose, and for these the prognosis is grave.