tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial Alzheimer's disease: second gene locus located.
Authors: M. Mullan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

H2 blockers have recently been advocated for treating anaphylaxis and are effective when anaphylaxis is restricted to the skin.A few case reports have recorded their efficacy in hypotension.Until their role has been established they are not drugs of first choice8; they may help in protracted cases when release of histamine may be continuing-in such patients H2 blockers seem to produce a more stable blood pressure.Anaphylaxis may also be associated with heart failure, particularly as a secondary effect in patients with cardiac disease.4Despite the well known effects of anaphylactic mediators on the heart evidence of heart failure in patients without cardiac disease during anaphylaxis is extremely rare, although it occurs.9In protracted anaphylaxis there is a case for measuring filling pressures or imaging the heart.Adrenaline is a valuable drug in managing acute, severe anaphylaxis.Factors such as the severity of the condition, the doctor's /experience, difficulty of venous access, and the ability to measure the effect of treatment are important in selecting a route of administration.In severe anaphylaxis adrenaline by any route is better than none.
Heuristics and development: Getting even smarter
Authors: Gregg E. A. Solomon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

There are parallels between Gigerenzer et al.'s emphasis on the rationality of adults' reasoning in terms of simple heuristics and developmental researchers' emphasis on the rationality of children's reasoning in terms of intuitive theories. Indeed, just as children become better at using their theories, so might some people, experts, become better at using simple heuristics.
De novo initiation codon mutation (ATG→ACG) of the β‐globin gene causing β‐thalassemia in a swiss family
Authors: P. Beris, R. Darbellay, D. Speiser, V. Kirchner, P. A. Miescher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Investigation of microcytic anemia with normal ferrous status in two members (father and daughter) of a Swiss family originating from Bern revealed high levels of HbA 2 (4%, 7.3%) and HbF (3.2%, 3.1%). Direct sequence analysis of asymmetrically amplified DNA showed the ATGǍG mutation in the initiation codon of the β‐globin gene. Heterozygous β‐thalassemia was not found in either of the propositus's parents or in any of his brothers and sisters. Extended restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotyping of the β chromosomes led us to the conclusion of a recent spontaneous mutation in the paternal germ cell. The results of routine HLA and blood group testing supported the stated paternity. We also found that the intragenic sequence polymorphisms (frameworks) are not always in linkage disequilibrium with the Bam HI polymorphism downstream from the β‐globin gene as previously observed. This is the second family found to carry this initiation codon mutation in the β‐globin gene. Unlike the first reported family, of Yugoslavian origin, our patients have high HbF levels and this in the absence of a C→T substitution at‐158 site 5′to Gγ. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SCRATCH VS. MULTIPLE PUNCTURE METHOD IN VACCINATION
Authors: T. B. Magath
Journal: JAMA (1931)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —I have noted the following statement in the review of the Handbook of Pediatric Procedure by Smyth:The methods given for smallpox vaccination are the multiple puncture and the intradermal methods. No mention is made of the scratch method, which is undoubtedly by usage and general acceptance the standard method for vaccination.Permit me to call attention to the reports by Dr. J. P. Leake in Public Health Reports (42:221 [Jan. 28] 1927) and by Dr. Charles Armstrong in The Journal, March 10, 1928, p. 738. Both of these men are eminent authorities on the subject of smallpox vaccination and both write with the approval of the United States Public Health Service. Both recommend the multiple puncture method as the method of choice for smallpox vaccination. Dr. Armstrong brought forward evidence indicating that the scratch method was by no means a method of choice. The multiple
Effectiveness of Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray with or without Antibiotics vs. Antibiotic Monotherapy in Patients with Acute Rhinosinusitis in the United Kingdom
Authors: E.M. Maiese, C. de Moor, G. Reardon, J. McLaughlin, P. Navaratnam
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Melanie Klein: Her World and Her Work
Authors: Natalie Shainess
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This massive tome is an extraordinary book—a chef d'oeuvre and obviously a labor of love. It is neither a biography nor a comprehensive study of Melanie Klein's theories and work. Rather, it includes these but focuses on the setting, politics, and development of psychoanalysis in its early, formative period and on Klein's establishment of child analysis, along with Anna Freud, yet differing in approach. But let me hasten to add that this fascinating book is not just for psychoanalysts or those interested in psychoanalysis. Grosskurth has spun a fascinating tale of ideas and interactions and the human struggle to help (or make) them prevail. The section headings in themselves are creative, as they summarize their contents. For example: Part Two: Berlin 1920-1926 The Protegee Limbo Ostracism The concision and aptness of this kind of summation suggest that the writer knows what she is about and is directly
Numeric Discrepancies in Article on Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Lee C. Abel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 December 1988Numeric Discrepancies in Article on Myocardial IschemiaLee C. Abel, MDLee C. Abel, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-12-991 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: I would like to bring to your attention the following errors in the article by Nesto and colleagues (1). These errors are in addition to the one already noted in the previous erratum (2).On page 172, the authors state, "Twenty-five patients were treated with insulin, and 25 were treated with oral agents." In contrast, Table 4 shows that 38 of the diabetic patients were receiving insulin and 12 were receiving oral agents.Table 1 shows the findings in 38 male diabetic patients and 12 female diabetic patients. In Table 4, however, 39 of the diabetic...References1. Nesto R, Phillips R, and Kett K. Anginal and exertional myocardial ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: assessment by exercise thallium scintigraphy. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:170-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Huth E. Correction: angina in exertional myocardial ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:646. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Huth E. Authorship from the reader's side. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:613-4. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lee C. Abel, MDAffiliations: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR 72205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1988Volume 109, Issue 12Page: 991-992KeywordsInsulinIschemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 December 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
John Douglas Macdonald
Authors: Alistair Adam
Journal: BMJ (2005)

invented the Swan-Ganz cardiac catheter and was at the forefront of advances in cardiology for 40 years.A former president of the American College of Cardiology, Swan was an intellectual maverick who had vision, compassion, and wit.His cardiac catheter, made with a student of his called Willie Ganz, revolutionised heart surgery at its invention in 1968.It enabled bedside monitoring in critically ill patients by measuring heart output and capillary pressure in the lungs.This hugely improved the survival of patients with heart attacks, serious burns, acute respiratory failure, and many other conditions.Swan was born in Sligo Town, Ireland, the son of two general practitioners, and educated at Castle Knock School.From there he went to St Vincent's College, Dublin, but his studies were soon interrupted by meningitis and he lapsed into a coma.Penicillin was not yet available, but his mother gave him sulfa drugs, which saved his life.He recovered completely, both as a scholar and as a middle weight boxer.At St Thomas' Hospital Medical School his fellow students regarded him as a genius, and indeed, he was allowed to take his MRCP exams after six months instead of the usual two years.After six months as a casualty surgeon he did two years' war service with the Royal Air Force, mainly stationed at a military hospital in Iraq.Returning to St Thomas', he spent three years as physiology lecturer and was awarded a PhD for his early work on cardiac catheterisation and pharmacology, researching under Henry Barcroft, a historic figure in heart physiology.
Effect of Genetic Differences in Omeprazole Metabolism on Cure Rates for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Takahisa Furuta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Omeprazole is metabolized by S-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) in the liver. In persons with a poor-metabolizer genotype for CYP2C19, the therapeutic efficacy of omeprazole may be increased. Objective: To investigate whether CYP2C19 genotype status is associated with cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer achieved by using dual therapy with omeprazole and amoxicillin. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University hospital and health service center in Hamamatsu, Japan. Patients: 62 patients with peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection. Intervention: Omeprazole and amoxicillin. Measurements: CYP2C19 genotype status and cure rates for H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer. Results: Cure rates for H. pylori infection were 28.6% (95% CI, 13.1% to 48.7%), 60% (CI, 38.6% to 83.0%), and 100% (CI, 66.4% to 100%) in the rapid-, intermediate-, and poor-metabolizer groups, respectively. Healing rates for both duodenal and gastric ulcer in the three groups were roughly parallel with cure rates for H. pylori infection. Conclusion: The results of the genotyping test for CYP2C19 seem to predict cure of H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer in patients who receive dual therapy with omeprazole and amoxicillin.
Abstract 2819: Role of endothelin 3 in melanoma progression and metastasis.
Authors: Nikeisha L. Chin, Juan Carlos Gallegos, Rosy Cruz, Ruslan Garcia, Andrea Gonzalez, Manuel Borobia, Lidia Kos
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract G-protein coupled receptors have been identified as important factors in melanoma progression including growth and proliferation of tumorigenic cells, as well as facilitating metastasis. Upregulation of the G-protein coupled receptor Endothelin receptor b (Ednrb) and its ligand Endothelin 3 (Edn3) has been implicated in melanoma progression in several ‘in vitro’ experiments. In this study we investigated the putative role of Edn3 over-expression in melanoma progression in vivo. Tg(Grm1) Epv mice over-expressing metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Grm1) under the Dopachrome tautomerase promoter that spontaneously produce melanocytic lesions in the ears and tails with limited metastatic capability, were crossed with transgenic mice that over-express Edn3 under the keratin 5 promoter (K5-Edn3). The Tg(Grm1)Epv/K5-Edn3 mice tumors appeared ∼ 3 months earlier and grew at a rate 3-4 times faster than the Tg(Grm1)/Epv control mice. Ninety-five percent of Dct-Grm1/ K5-Edn3 mice also displayed pigmented lesions in distant organs such as the lungs. Real Time PCR analysis showed higher expression levels of angiogenic related genes such as Hif-1α in the Dct-Grm1/K5-Edn3mice, when compared to controls. Our studies demonstrate that Edn3 over-expression enhances melanoma progression to a fully malignant state. Our preliminary data also suggests that Edn3 may be involved in tumor angiogenesis leading to faster melanoma tumor development. Citation Format: Nikeisha L. Chin, Juan Carlos Gallegos, Rosy Cruz, Ruslan Garcia, Andrea Gonzalez, Manuel Borobia, Lidia Kos. Role of endothelin 3 in melanoma progression and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2819. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2819 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Abstract 2991: ATM is activated in mitosis and required for the spindle checkpoint
Authors: Chunying Yang, Xi Tang, Xiaojing Guo, Stephen Wong, Li Fu, Bo Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The ATM kinase, mutation of which leads to the human autosomal recessive disorder Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T), plays a critical role in the maintenance of genetic stability. ATM is activated in response to DNA double strand breaks and essential for cell cycle checkpoints. However, ATM function outside the DNA damage response is less clear. Here we report that ATM is activated in mitosis in the absence of DNA damage and is required for the spindle assembly checkpoint. We generated stable cell lines expressing either control shRNA or ATM shRNA and monitored chromosome dynamics and the timing of mitosis by time-lapse video microscopy. The results reveal that ATM-depleted cells proceed into anaphase despite the presence of maloriented and unaligned chromosomes; whereas control cells do not proceed into anaphase until the completion of chromosome alignment on the metaphase plate. We also find ATM-depleted cells exit mitosis much earlier than control cells. In addition, we found ATM-depleted cells do not arrest in mitosis after nocodazole treatment, indicating a spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) defect. Enzymatic assays indicate that ATM kinase activity is enhanced during mitosis. Further, mitotic ATM activation is mechanistically distinct from that induced by ionizing radiation. Next we demonstrate that mitotic-dependent ATM activation relies on the Aurora-B kinase, a chromosome passenger protein, which is implicated in chromosomal alignment, spindle checkpoint and cytokinesis. Aurora-B phosphorylates ATM at Serine 1403 both in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence experiments show that ATM-Ser1403 phosphorylation has a similar localization pattern to Aurora B during mitosis. More interestingly, we find that ATM Ser1403 phosphorylation is evident in malignant breast cancer tissues and is highly correlated with the mitotic index (p=0.001, Pearson Correlation Test). Cells expressing the mutation of Serine 1403 to Alanine show a defective SAC and accelerated mitotic progression, similar to that of ATM-depleted cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate the functional significance of ATM activation in mitosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2991. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2991
Regulation of cardiovascular development and integrity by the heart of glass–cerebral cavernous malformation protein pathway
Authors: Benjamin Kleaveland, Xiangjian Zheng, Jian J Liu, Yannick Blum, Jennifer J Tung, Zhiying Zou, Shawn M Sweeney, Mei Chen, Lili Guo, Min-min Lu, Diane Zhou, Jan Kitajewski, Markus Affolter, Mark H Ginsberg, Mark L Kahn
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Allergenic components of a novel food, Micronesian nut Nangai (Canarium indicum), shows IgE cross-reactivity in pollen allergic patients
Authors: E. Sten, P. Stahl Skov, S. B. Andersen, A. M. Torp, A. Olesen, U. Bindslev-Jensen, L. K. Poulsen, C. Bindslev-Jensen
Journal: Allergy (2002)

New foods may present a risk for food hypersensitive patients. Several examples exist of allergic reactions caused by cross-reactive plant-derived foods, and new foods should be scrutinised before introducing them to the market. We have evaluated the clinical and serological relevance of cross-reactivity between Nangai and pollen allergens.Cross-reactivity was examined with Maxisorp RAST (radioallergosorbent test), RAST inhibition and Western blot, using sera from patients allergic to grass, birch and mugwort pollen. None of the patients reported having seen or eaten Nangai previously. To determine the biological and clinical relevance of the cross-reactivity, histamine release (HR) test, skin prick test (SPT) and food challenge were used.There was prevalence for reactivity against Nangai in the group of pollen allergic patients. This cross-reactivity seems to be related--at least in part--to carbohydrate epitopes. Three out of 12 patients tested with Nangai were positive upon open challenge, but using double blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) this could not be confirmed in two patients. The biological effects of Nangai on allergic patients were confirmed using HR and SPT.The Nangai specific IgE found among pollen allergic patients addresses the need for control of new or changed foods before introduction to the market.
Diabetes and Lung Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Juhua Luo, Rowan Chlebowski, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Nicolas F. Schlecht, Lesley Tinker, Karen L. Margolis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Epidemiological evidence of diabetes as a lung cancer risk factor is limited and conflicting. Therefore, we assessed associations among diabetes, diabetes therapy, and lung cancer risk in postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study.
Tobacco 'Recruiting' May Precede That of Military
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1996)

MILITARY MEDICINE is continuing its struggle against tobacco in the uniformed services.  But physicians for the US Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Army, and Air Force say that tobacco companies often have recruited young people to the ranks of smokers before the uniformed services convince these youths to enlist.  Results of the US Department of Defense's latest Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Military Personnel , to which 16193 service members responded during a 4-month period last year, indicate that about 34% of soldiers, 35% of marines, 25% of air personnel, and nearly 35% of sailors smoked cigarettes during the previous month.  These percentages are an improvement over those recorded in 1980,1982, 1985, 1988, and 1992. But they also are above the US Public Health Service's Healthy People 2000 objective of no more than 20% of military personnel continuing to smoke and there is concern that any decline in smoking among
UK food agency reaffirms its advice that addition of folic acid to flour should be compulsory
Authors: A. McGauran
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As a result of a review of new evidence on potential cancer risks, the Food Standards Agency in the UK has restated its position that adding folic acid to flour should be mandatory.

The agency said that an expert working group, which included members of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN), had reviewed two studies on folic acid and the risk of colorectal cancer. The group also considered the confidential combined results of trials that had investigated the effect of B vitamins, including folic acid, on cardiovascular disease and cancer.

The working group, which also included members of the independent Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment and an external cancer expert, concluded that …
The Blind Men and the Rheumatoid Elephant
Authors: Rochelle Hirschhorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common systemic disease of unknown cause in which the predominant symptoms and changes occur in articular and related structures. The disease is accompanied by the three classic hallmarks of inflammation — rubor, tumor and dolor — and can be considered a paradigm for inflammatory disorders. The chronic inflammatory and proliferative reaction in the synovial membrane eventually leads to erosion and destruction of joint cartilage and supporting structures, giving rise to the typical joint deformities.The cause of rheumatoid arthritis, as for many chronic inflammatory disorders, remains unclear in spite of a diligent search in many different . . .
Recent advances in haematology
Authors: D. Provan, D. F O'Shaughnessy
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Haematology is a diverse specialty embracing clinical and laboratory aspects of adult and paediatric disease, both malignant and non-malignant. We describe here some of the progress that has been made in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Molecular advances are continuing at a phenomenal rate (exceeding the rate of progress in therapeutics), offering highly sensitive methods for disease detection and, in some disorders, prospects of cure through gene therapy.

We used information from recent key meetings, including those of the British Society for Haematology and the American Society of Hematology; leading articles in major haematology journals; and discussion with colleagues. The choice of topics covered is largely personal, and owing to space restrictions we have not included every “advance” within the specialty.

Distinguishing between anaemia due to iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease is a difficult but common problem in medical practice. Anaemia of chronic disease is complex and involves inflammatory cytokines,1 reduced marrow response to erythropoietin, reduced red cell life span, and impaired reuse of iron.2 In typical, uncomplicated iron deficiency anaemia the haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, and serum ferritin and iron concentrations are reduced with raised total iron binding capacity; unfortunately cases are often not typical, and the results of these tests may seem conflicting. Furthermore, if a patient with anaemia of chronic disease is also iron deficient, the parameters for diagnosing iron deficiency are altered, making the diagnosis difficult; often a bone marrow aspirate, stained for iron, is the only method for accurately assessing iron status. This is expensive, time consuming, and unpleasant for the patient. Recently the serum transferrin receptor assay has been developed, enabling more accurate assessment of iron status in this group of patients.

Serum ferritin, a 480 kDa multisubunit protein, represents the body's iron storage pool. A reduced serum ferritin concentration …
Expression of immunoreactive matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in human normal livers and primary liver tumors
Authors: T Terada
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in cancer cell invasion by degrading extracellular matrix proteins. However, little is known about the in situ expression of MMP in human normal livers and primary liver tumors. In this study, we therefore examined the in situ expression of immunoreactive MMP and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) in 10 normal livers, 11 surgically resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (CCs), and 6 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). In normal livers, MMP and TIMP were infrequently and faintly expressed in bile ducts, but were not expressed in hepatocytes. In the 11 CCs, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were expressed in tumor cells and/or tumor stroma in 11 (100%), 5 (45%), 8 (73%), 3 (27%), 9 (82%), and 9 (82%), respectively. The expression of MMP and TIMP in tumor cells was located in the cytoplasm with a diffuse or granular pattern; that in the tumor stroma was situated in fibroblasts, leukocytes, and extracellular matrix. Their expression was stronger in CC cases with severe invasion than in CC cases with mild invasion. In contrast, MMP and TIMP were not expressed in any cases of HCC. These results show that intrahepatic bile duct cells may neoexpress or overexpress MMP and TIMP after malignant transformation but that hepatocytes do not, and suggest that MMP and TIMP play an important role in CC cell invasion by degrading extracellular matrix proteins.