tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low birth weight, later renal function, and the roles of adulthood blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity in a British birth cohort
Authors: Richard J. Silverwood, Mary Pierce, Rebecca Hardy, Naveed Sattar, Peter Whincup, Charles Ferro, Caroline Savage, Diana Kuh, Dorothea Nitsch
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Low birth weight has been shown to be associated with later renal function, but it is unclear to what extent this is explained by other established kidney disease risk factors. Here we investigate the roles of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity using data from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a socially stratified sample of 5362 children born in March 1946 in England, Scotland, and Wales, and followed since. The birth weight of 2192 study members with complete data was related to three markers of renal function at age 60-64 (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using cystatin C (eGFRcys), eGFR calculated using creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys), and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio) using linear regression. Each 1 kg lower birth weight was associated with a 2.25 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (95% confidence interval 0.80-3.71) lower eGFRcys and a 2.13 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (0.69-3.58) lower eGFRcr-cys. There was no evidence of an association with urine albumin-creatinine ratio. These associations with eGFR were not confounded by socioeconomic position and were not explained by diabetes or hypertension, but there was some evidence that they were stronger in study members who were overweight in adulthood. Thus, our findings highlight the role of lower birth weight in renal disease and suggest that in those born with lower birth weight particular emphasis should be placed on avoiding becoming overweight.
Absence of functional Hfe protects mice from invasive Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium infection via induction of lipocalin-2
Authors: Manfred Nairz, Igor Theurl, Andrea Schroll, Milan Theurl, Gernot Fritsche, Ewald Lindner, Markus Seifert, Marie-Laure V. Crouch, Klaus Hantke, Shizuo Akira, Ferric C. Fang, Günter Weiss
Journal: Blood (2009)
<i>M. tuberculosis</i>: immunology and vaccination
Authors: G.A.W. Rook, G. Seah, A. Ustianowski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Tuberculosis is increasing. Current treatment regimens require at least 6 months, because latent or stationary phase organisms are difficult to kill. Such regimens do not achieve full compliance, and “directly observed therapy short course” (DOTS) is having less impact than expected. This worrying situation is aggravated by coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and by the increase in drug-resistant strains. We need new insights that lead to more rapid therapies and immunotherapies, and more reliable vaccines. Recent insights have come from: understanding of the relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and macrophages; the multiple T cell types that recognise mycobacterial peptides, lipids and glycolipids; the critical role of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) in human mycobacterial infection revealed by genetically defective children; quantitation of the presence and importance of Th2 lymphocyte activation in human tuberculosis; the role of local conversion of inactive cortisone to active cortisol in the lesions; the recognition that some effective prophylactic vaccines also work as immumotherapeutics whereas others do not. In the longer term the recent sequencing of the M. tuberculosis genome will lead to further advances. In the short term, effective immunotherapy remains the most accessible breakthrough in the management of tuberculosis. The types of practical advance that will result from sequencing the genome are discussed speculatively, but cannot yet be predicted with certainty.
Determinants of Preterm Birth Rates in Canada from 1981 through 1983 and from 1992 through 1994
Authors: K.S. Joseph, Michael S. Kramer, Sylvie Marcoux, Arne Ohlsson, Shi Wu Wen, Alexander Allen, Robert Platt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The rates of preterm birth have increased in many countries, including Canada, over the past 20 years. However, the factors underlying the increase are poorly understood.
The sensing of poorly deformable red blood cells by the human spleen can be mimicked in vitro
Authors: Guillaume Deplaine, Innocent Safeukui, Fakhri Jeddi, François Lacoste, Valentine Brousse, Sylvie Perrot, Sylvestre Biligui, Micheline Guillotte, Corinne Guitton, Safi Dokmak, Béatrice Aussilhou, Alain Sauvanet, Dominique Cazals Hatem, François Paye, Marc Thellier, Dominique Mazier, Geneviève Milon, Narla Mohandas, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, Peter H. David, Pierre A. Buffet
Journal: Blood (2010)
Sudden Death and the Familial Occurrence of Mid-Systolic Click, Late Systolic Murmur Syndrome
Authors: STEPHEN D. SHAPPELL, CHARLES E. MARSHALL, ROSS E. BROWN, THOMAS A. BRUCE
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The propositus, one of six family members with the ballooning posterior mitral leaflet syndrome, had experienced five syncopal episodes prior to initial presentation with cardiac arrest. Subsequent evaluation, after nearly complete recovery, revealed slight Q-Tc prolongation but no arrhythmia, despite extensive ECG monitoring and maximum exercise testing. Intravenous propranolol failed to alter the Q-Tc interval or the magnitude of ballooning of the posterior mitral leaflet at cardiac catheterization. Therapy with oral Dilantin to the point of clinical toxicity failed to significantly shorten the Q-Tc interval. While on oral propranolol, the patient, during a stressful argument, suffered her final cardiac arrest. Detailed post mortem studies were performed, with histochemical identification of the "myxomatous" material not previously reported.
Acquired immunodeficiency without evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2
Authors: J Laurence, E Schattner, F.P Siegal, I Gelman, S Morse
Journal: The Lancet (1992)

There have been three published cases of acquired immunodeficiency in which no evidence for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 was found. We have identified five other individuals, from the New York City area (four who have known risk factors for HIV infection), with profound CD4 depletion and clinical syndromes consistent with definitions of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. None had evidence of HIV-1, 2 infection, as judged by multiple serologies over several years, standard viral co-cultures for HIV p24 Gag antigen, and proviral DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction.
The Intracellular Cargo Receptor ERGIC-53 Is Required for the Production of Infectious Arenavirus, Coronavirus, and Filovirus Particles
Authors: Joseph P. Klaus, Philip Eisenhauer, Joanne Russo, Anne B. Mason, Danh Do, Benjamin King, Douglas Taatjes, Cromwell Cornillez-Ty, Jonathan E. Boyson, Markus Thali, Chunlei Zheng, Lujian Liao, John R. Yates, Bin Zhang, Bryan A. Ballif, Jason W. Botten
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Response to Gómez-Ulla et al.
Authors: Enrique Soto-Pedre, María Concepción Hernáez-Ortega, José Antonio Vázquez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

We strongly disagree with the assertion of Gomez-Ulla et al. (1) that European protocols did not define any standards by which diabetic retinopathy screening programs should be assessed. Recently, Bachmann and Nelson (2) pooled the data from many available screening studies, dated up to 1996, and determined that retinal photography was the screening test of choice. In fact, the U.K. National Screening Committee was considering this topic as a possible national priority. In addition, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study on 258 randomly selected diabetic patients in Spain was published by Hernaez-Ortega et al. (3) in 1998. The authors compared the …
Background Correction in Estimating Initial Renal Uptake
Authors: YUSUKE INOUE, KIKUO MACHIDA, NORINARI HONDA, TAKU TAKAHASHI, TOSHIO MAMIYA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A gamma camera method with no blood sampling assesses differential renal function based on initial renal uptake, and requires background correction. The effect of background correction on estimates of initial renal uptake was compared on renograms using Tc-99m MAG3 and Tc-99m DTPA renographies in 14 patients. Renal counts for 2-3 minutes were obtained using three sets of regions of interest (ROIs): rectangular renal and subrenal background ROIs, rectangular renal and perirenal background ROIs, and hand-drawn renal and subrenal background ROIs. Correlations between estimates of initial renal uptake by the three methods were higher for Tc-99m MAG3 renography than for Tc-99m DTPA imaging, suggesting higher reproducibility in evaluating differential renal function using Tc-99m MAG3 renography and a gamma camera method. Although the ratio of counts in the suprarenal area to those in the subrenal area was significantly higher for the right side in the Tc-99m MAG3 study, probably because of hepatic activity, the relative uptake in the right kidney for Tc-99m MAG3 did not differ from that for Tc-99m DTPA. Initial uptake of Tc-99m MAG3 was well correlated with, and about threefold that, of Tc-99m DTPA. It was suggested that initial renal uptake of Tc-99m MAG3 may be an alternative to that of Tc-99m DTPA, with less dependence on background correction in evaluating differential renal function.
Localization and activity of tissue bound cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in normal and lack of changes in psoriatic human skin*
Authors: G. MAHRLE, C.E. ORFANOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

This study has been undertaken to elucidate the localization and the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal. The results showed that the evaluation of cytochemical methods may be difficult because of the various factors which interfere with the reaction and the considerable amount of background staining. Additionally, only the tissue bound particulate enzyme fraction may be demonstrated by cytochemical means. Nevertheless, the method did reveal that the activity of PDE, if any, is localized on the cytoplasmic membranes of the cells, independent of their origin, and not on the cell surface. Moreover, no differences were found between normal and psoriatic skin. It seems, therefore, that the intracellular degradation of cAMP remains unaltered in psoriasis.
Ethical and Cultural Dimensions of Informed Consent
Authors: ALAN W. CROSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A case of a patient with angina who was considered for coronary bypass surgery illustrates the issue of informed consent. Ethical and legal aspects and the inherent limitations of achieving consent must be considered. Physicians may have personal biases, which may lead to coerced consent, or may overwhelm the patient with information on potential complications of a proposed procedure, which may lead to consent without hope. Patient bias or misinformation may lead to misunderstood consent or, if the patient's judgment is distorted, to crisis consent. The patient's desire to defer the decision to the physician raises the question of whether such requested paternalism violates patient self-determination and invalidates consent or is an exercise of the patient's right to have his physician decide. The case presented exemplifies the patient-physician interaction needed for responsible paternalism.
Diagnosis of autism: Current epidemic has social context
Authors: S. Timimi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Diagnosis of autism Adequate funding is needed for assessment services2][3] One important additional reason for such provision, which their review does not emphasise, is that well coordinated, multiagency assessment teams for autism spectrum disorders have a better chance of accurately not giving a diagnosis of it.Our multiagency assessment service for autism spectrum disorders has seen 57 patients in the past two years.We request baseline speech and language therapy and (where applicable) educational psychology assessments on the likelihood of autism spectrum disorder in all cases before patients are seen by our team, so as to ensure best use of clinical resources.Despite this approach only 26 patients (46%) deemed to be likely cases of autism spectrum disorder received a positive diagnosis.This is not due to overzealous interpretation of ICD-10 diagnostic criteria (which are increasingly recognised as being in urgent need of review), as we tend, if anything, to err in favour of diagnosis, even if ICD-10 (or DSM-IV) criteria, are not strictly fulfilled.Relevant agencies must receive adequate funding for implementing the national autism plan for children. 3This is to benefit not only the children and their families who are struggling with the often devastating impact of this disorder but also the depressingly high number of children whom, we suspect, will be wrongly, or inaccurately, given diagnoses, if assessment services for autism spectrum disorders do not improve.
'Decent Research and Closure' Needed on Medical Marijuana, Says Head of NIH Panel
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

SCIENTISTS INTERESTED in filling in the therapeutic blanks about medicinal marijuana hope a new nonpartisan report will expedite applications for federal funds and supplies of the drug. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) released the report early last month. It was written by an independent, 9-member panel of experts who presided over a 2-day workshop on medical marijuana that the NIH sponsored last February in Bethesda, Md. The workshop was convened in response to ballot initiatives last year in which voters in California and Arizona approved marijuana for medicinal use. In the report, the panel reiterated its support for further research to determine marijuana's therapeutic efficacy in 5 areas: appetite stimulation and cachexia; nausea and vomiting following anticancer therapy; neurologic and movement disorders; analgesia; and glaucoma. "In order to evaluate various hypotheses concerning the potential utility of marijuana in various therapeutic areas, more and better studies would be needed," panel
Analysis of human β-papillomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus infection in skin lesions and eyebrow hair bulbs from a cohort of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: A. Peretti, C. Borgogna, D. Rossi, L. De Paoli, M. Bawadekar, E. Zavattaro, R. Boldorini, M. De Andrea, G. Gaidano, M. Gariglio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Research demonstrates an increased incidence of skin cancer in immunocompromised hosts, including patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and organ transplant recipients (OTRs). Active human β-papillomavirus (β-HPV) infection has been found in OTR skin lesions, suggesting its possible involvement in skin carcinogenesis. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has also been reported in cases of skin cancer. Objectives To investigate the potential correlations between patient clinical features and skin cancer development, and the presence of β-HPV and MCPyV DNA and protein markers in skin lesions and hair bulbs from patients with CLL. Methods The clinical features of 293 patients with CLL were analysed according to the presence or absence of skin lesions. β-HPV and MCPyV infection was investigated in skin lesions and hair bulbs from the study cohort by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and immunohistochemical screening. Results No significant correlations were observed between any of the analysed haematological parameters and the development of skin cancer. PCR analysis revealed the presence of β-HPV and MCPyV DNA in skin lesions, and 83% of positivity for MCPyV DNA in hair bulbs, while systematic immunohistochemical analysis of all the lesions failed to detect any expression of the viral proteins β-HPV E4, L1 or MCPyV LTAg. Conclusions Overall, the data indicate that carriage of β-HPV and MCPyV in the lesional skin and hair bulbs from patients with CLL without any evident reactivation at skin tumour sites most likely represents coincidental rather than causal infection. This contrasts with previous findings in relation to OTR-derived skin lesions.
Are pre-season reports of neck pain, dizziness and/or headaches risk factors for concussion in male youth ice hockey players?
Authors: K Schneider, C Emery, J Kang, G Schneider, W Meeuwisse
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Concussion is a commonly encountered injury associated with potential long-term sequelae. No previous studies have evaluated dizziness, neck pain and headache as potential risk factors for concussion. Objective The objective of this study is to determine the risk of concussion in male youth hockey players with preseason reports of neck pain, headaches and dizziness. Design This study is a secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study examining the risk of injury associated with body checking among paediatric ice hockey players. Setting Youth ice hockey in Alberta and Quebec, Canada. Participants A total of 3902 11–14 year old males from 282 teams participated. Assessment of risk factors Each participant completed a pre-season baseline demographic and injury history questionnaire. Preseason reports of neck pain, headache or dizziness were documented on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool. Main outcome measurements Diagnosed concussions were recorded during the season of play via a previously validated, prospective injury surveillance system. Results A total of 178 concussions occurred during the studies, with 11 players sustaining two concussions. Incidence rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regression, adjusted for exposure hours, cluster by team and potential covariates. Dizziness was not a significant predictor of concussion. Individuals reporting a headache or neck pain at the start of the season were 1.48 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.14) and 1.69 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.44) times more likely to suffer a concussion during the season than those not reporting these symptoms. Individuals reporting any two of dizziness, headache and neck pain were 1.99 (95% CI 1.20 to 3.32) times more likely to sustain a concussion. Conclusion Male youth athletes reporting headache or neck pain at baseline were at an increased risk of concussion during the season. From an injury prevention perspective, baseline testing may aid in identifying individuals at a higher risk for concussion.
Endoscopy in the management of patients after ileal pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis
Authors: D. Pardi, B. Shen
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Pouchitis is the most common complication following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. However, there are several other inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions that can mimic pouchitis, and endoscopy with biopsies is essential for distinguishing these various conditions. This paper will review the differential diagnosis of pouchitis and the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of disorders of the ileal pouch.
Control of a Staphylococcal Outbreak in a Nursery
Authors: Irwin J. Light
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An outbreak of pathogenic staphylococci was recognized in a newborn and premature service. When conventional control measures failed, the phenomenon of bacterial interference was exploited. Deliberate colonization of infants was carried out with a relatively nonpathogenic, coagulase-positive, penicillin-sensitive<i>Staphylococcus</i>(502A). The procedure was carried out in a simple manner and was effective in controlling the outbreak. No major pyogenic lesions attributable to the 502A strain were noted in either the full-term or premature infants. Acquisition of the interfering strain by the infants was prevented if antibiotic drugs were administered or if staphylococci had already been acquired. The ability to isolate all coagulase-positive staphylococci, including 502A, from the umbilical site of premature infants decreased with increasing age of the patients.
Urokinase but Not Tissue Plasminogen Activator Mediates Arterial Neointima Formation in Mice
Authors: Peter Carmeliet, Lieve Moons, Jean-Marc Herbert, James Crawley, Florea Lupu, Roger Lijnen, Désiré Collen
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

To define the role of the plasminogen activators (PAs) tissue PA (t-PA) and urokinase PA (u-PA) in vascular wound healing, neointima formation and reendothelialization were evaluated after electric or mechanical arterial injury in mice with a single or combined deficiency of t-PA (t-PA-/-) and/or u-PA (u-PA-/-). In both models, neointima formation and neointimal cell accumulation were reduced in u-PA-/- and in t-PA-/-/u-PA-/- arteries but not in t-PA-/- arteries. The electric injury model was used to characterize the underlying cellular mechanisms. Topographic analysis of vascular wound healing in electrically injured wild-type and t-PA-/- arteries revealed a similar degree of migration of smooth muscle cells from the noninjured borders into the necrotic center. In contrast, in u-PA-/- and t-PA-/-/u-PA-/- arteries, smooth muscle cells accumulated at the uninjured borders but failed to migrate into the necrotic center. Cultured u-PA-/- but not t-PA-/- smooth muscle cells also failed to migrate in vitro after scrape wounding. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells was not affected by PA deficiency. Reendothelialization after electric injury was similar in all genotypes. In situ analysis revealed markedly elevated u-PA zymographic activity, mRNA, and immunoreactivity in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and leukocytes within 1 week after injury, eg, when cells migrated into the wound. Thus, u-PA plays a significant role in vascular wound healing and arterial neointima formation after injury, most likely by affecting cellular migration.
Guided Dilatation and Transurethral Resection in One Session for the Treatment of the Postprostatectomy Obstructive Complications above the Verumontanum
Authors: G. Mobilio, S. Cosciani Cunico, S. Petracco
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

53 patients presenting with post-prostatectomy obstructive complications above the verumontanum were treated in a single session by means of guided dilatation of the stricture followed by transurethral resection of the stenosing fibrotic tissue. The results obtained in cases of vesical neck stenosis were very encouraging. Unsatisfactory results were observed in cases of cervicoprostatic fibrosclerosis where resection was insufficient for resolution of the obstruction. No failures or complications with the guided dilatation technique have been observed.
Can TNF-α boost regulatory T cells?
Authors: Angelina M. Bilate, Juan J. Lafaille
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Deleterious immune responses that cause autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes are normally kept in check by a myriad of mechanisms. Among these, protection mediated by CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs constitutes an essential pathway. Much work over the past decade aimed to understand how Tregs affect immune responses triggered by effector T cells (Teffs), but less is known about how Teffs affect Tregs. In this issue of the JCI, Grinberg-Bleyer et al. report the clearest example thus far regarding this important aspect of Treg biology. They find that in mice, sustained protection from diabetes by Tregs is dependent on Teffs and partially dependent on TNF-α, a cytokine traditionally considered proinflammatory.
Practical aspects of the oral new anticoagulants
Authors: Thomas G. DeLoughery
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

After years of only oral vitamin K antagonists, there are new many new antithrombotic agents in development and on entering the marketplace. This review will analyze clinical trial results for these new agents-especially dibigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixiban. Also to be discussed are practical aspects of use of these new agents such monitoring, reversal, and use before procedures.