tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SUCCESSFUL REMOVAL OF A LARGE TERATOMA FROM A NEW-BORN INFANT
Authors: Harold A. Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Before the birth of the baby under discussion, the mother was thought by her obstetrician to be carrying a monster. Wisely the obstetrician did a cesarean operation and delivered a baby with a large mass attached to the right perineal and buttock region. This he diagnosed as a meningocele, and a consulting neurologist concurred in the diagnosis. The family was given a hopeless prognosis. When the baby was 18 days old Dr. Louis C. Johnston was called to see her and asked me to see her with him.  We found a lusty, crying infant, uncomfortable probably because of the posture necessitated by the large mass mentioned. Her general condition seemed quite normal aside from this mass.  The mass extended entirely from the right side of the perineum and the region of the right buttock. There was so much tension on the anus that there was an almost continual emission of
Dipyridamole with aspirin is better than aspirin alone in preventing vascular events after ischaemic stroke or TIA
Authors: Cathie Sudlow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

After an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), patients are at high risk of subsequent stroke and other vascular events, such as myocardial infarction. Strategies to prevent vascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death) in such patients include using aspirin, which is the most widely tested single antiplatelet drug for this purpose.1 2 Good evidence now exists, however, that adding dipyridamole to aspirin further reduces the risk in patients who have had an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. #### KEY POINTS Sources of evidence are shown in the box.1 2 3 #### Sources of evidence I identified relevant randomised trials and systematic reviews from the sources shown:
Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction in Whipple Disease
Authors: Luis C. Maas
Journal: JAMA (1976)

WHIPPLE disease is an uncommon but treatable disorder that affects the small intestine and virtually any organ system of the body. Malabsorption, fever, arthritis, and generalized lymphadenopathy are frequently characteristic features. The purpose of this communication is to report an unusual presentation of the disease: massive retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy causing inferior vena cava obstruction. Further, the unusual histologic features of noncaseating granulomas within these lymph nodes suggested a sarcoid-like process until the results of a small intestinal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Whipple disease. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old man entered Providence Hospital with urologic symptoms of frequency, nocturia, and dysuria. After routine examination, a transurethral resection of benign prostatic hypertrophic tissue was performed without event. During recovery, the patient told us of increasing edema of both legs and of foamy, foulsmelling stools occurring frequently over the past six months that had unexpectedly improved during short courses of antibiotic therapy
Who Will Die in the ICU? APACHE II, ROC Curve Analysis, and, of Course, Cleone
Authors: Marvin L. Auerback
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While the article by Kruse et al<sup>1</sup>indicates that clinical assessment is as efficient as the APACHE II in predicting mortality in the intensive care unit, it merely confirms the validity of Cleone's Law<sup>2</sup>: "Any patient in the ICU with more than three different consultants probably will not survive." (Cleone Lawrence is an intensive care unit/critical care unit nurse at Mills Hospital, San Mateo, Calif.)
Is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency brownfields assessment pilot program environmentally just?
Authors: Laura Solitare, Micheal Greenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In the early 1990s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) started a grant program to assist communities redevelop brownfields, which are abandoned or underutilized sites that have real or perceived contamination. In addition to determining if the communities receiving the grants were the most distressed cities in the United States, we also evaluate the U.S. EPA program in terms of environmental justice at the macro scale. Using 1990 U.S. Census of Housing and Population data and a matched-cities methodology, we compared the brownfields pilot cities to other communities in the United States. We found that regardless of intent, the U.S. EPA program is environmentally just by disproportionately awarding grants to the most economically distressed cities. We also found that the cities that received funding in the early years of the program were more economically distressed than cities receiving the funding more recently.
Aberrant ERG expression cooperates with loss of PTEN to promote cancer progression in the prostate
Authors: Brett S Carver, Jennifer Tran, Anuradha Gopalan, Zhenbang Chen, Safa Shaikh, Arkaitz Carracedo, Andrea Alimonti, Caterina Nardella, Shohreh Varmeh, Peter T Scardino, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, William Gerald, Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Learning About Patients: I'll Take Tomorrow-Reply
Authors: Robert Lanza
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Dr Garrett is making it too easy for himself. Human nature and motivations are incredibly complex. A physician has to look at each person as a person, and is unfit to serve the public if he or she is not already thoroughly familiar with the human feelings expressed in Mary Gohlke's autobiography. The many and complex psychiatric aspects of organ transplantation are more accurately and comprehensively covered elsewhere. 1-3 I remain convinced that a physician's limited time is best spent trying to understand the thoughts and feelings of the individual patients under their care.
Electrocardiographic Prediction of Hyperinflation in Children
Authors: SANKARAN S. KRISHNAN, JULIAN STEWART, NIKHIL AMIN, RICHARD T. GRIFFIN, ALLEN J. DOZOR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The mean frontal P wave axis in an electrocardiogram (ECG), which reflects the atrial orientation in the thorax, is altered by the relationship between atria and the diaphragm and, therefore, by hyperinflation. To examine this relationship, 102 children (ages 6–18) with asthma were prospectively studied. Lung volumes were estimated by plethysmography and a standard ECG obtained before and after bronchodilator. The mean thoracic gas volume (TGV) was 120.7 ± 2.1% of predicted and the mean P axis was 54.9 ± 1.5 ° . Sixty-two subjects (61%) had a “vertical” P axis ( ⩾ 60 ° ). Of 27 subjects with moderate or severe hyperinflation (TGV ⩾ 130% predicted), 23 (85%) had a vertical P axis. As a measure of significant hyperinflation, a vertical P axis had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 49%, positive predictive value of 38% and a negative predictive value of 90%. After nebulized albuterol, the mean TGV decreased to 96.4 ± 1.3% predicted and the mean P axis decreased by 7.1 ± 1.6 ° . Sixty-two of 76 subjects (82%) with ⩾ 15% decrease in TGV also had a decrease in P axis, and 62/67 subjects (93%) with a decrease in P axis also had ⩾ 15% decrease in TGV. The sensitivity was 82%, specificity 81%, and positive predictive value 93% for a decrease in P axis as a measure of decrease in TGV. A vertical P axis combined with a decrease in P axis after bronchodilator is highly sensitive and predictive for hyperinflation in children.
Lack of Compliance With Home Blood Glucose Monitoring Predicts Hospitalization in Diabetes
Authors: Mark R. Burge
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Evidence of Macrovascular Complications Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are a powerful risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease (1), but it is still unclear by which pathophysiological mechanisms tHcy may promote atherothrombosis.In both experimental animal and cell culture studies (2,3), acute hyperhomocysteinemia induces endothelial dysfunction, leading to a low-grade inflammatory state that results in increased leukocyte adher-
Effects of preoperative administration of omeprazole on bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: S. Ono, M. Kato, Y. Ono, M. Nakagawa, S. Nakagawa, Y. Shimizu, M. Asaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

The effectiveness of preoperative administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the prevention of bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the benefit of starting PPI treatment 1 day before ESD to prevent bleeding after the procedure.This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Data for 155 patients who underwent ESD (preoperative administration group: N = 81; postoperative administration group: N = 74) were analyzed. All patients received standard ESD using an insulation-tipped knife. Patients in the preoperative group were administered omeprazole from the day before ESD, and patients in the postoperative group received omeprazole after ESD. Follow-up endoscopy was performed on day 1, day 7, and day 28. Intragastric pH was measured from samples of gastric juice. The primary endpoint of this study was major bleeding related to ESD, and the secondary endpoint was minor bleeding.Major bleeding occurred in one patient from the postoperative group who had hematemesis. Minor bleeding occurred on day 1 in six patients from the preoperative group and five patients from the postoperative group (7.7 % vs. 7.4 %). There was no significant difference between major and minor bleeding ratios in the two groups. Intragastric pH at ESD in the postoperative group was lower than that in the preoperative group ( P < 0.05).Preoperative administration of omeprazole offers no additional benefit over postoperative administration alone in the prevention of bleeding after ESD among elderly Japanese people.
Sickledex Test for Hemoglobin S
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The Sickledex test has been proposed as "specific" for hemoglobin S in the absence of a disclosure of the principle and reagents. Its convenience and simplicity has already assured widespread usage. But serious errors will be made unless the chemistry of the test is understood and coupled with the insights of modern molecular hematology. Evidence indicates that the Sickledex test consists of potassium phosphate, sodium dithionite, and saponin. When this test is used with insight, much diagnostically valuable information can be obtained.
Clinical and Molecular Genetics of the Phosphodiesterases (PDEs)
Authors: Monalisa F. Azevedo, Fabio R. Faucz, Eirini Bimpaki, Anelia Horvath, Isaac Levy, Rodrigo B. de Alexandre, Faiyaz Ahmad, Vincent Manganiello, Constantine A. Stratakis
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2013)

Abstract Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that have the unique function of terminating cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and GMP. They are critical regulators of the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP as well as of their signaling pathways and downstream biological effects. PDEs have been exploited pharmacologically for more than half a century, and some of the most successful drugs worldwide today affect PDE function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified as causative of certain human genetic diseases; even more recently, functional variants of PDE genes have been suggested to play a potential role in predisposition to tumors and/or cancer, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. Mouse models have been developed that point to wide developmental effects of PDEs from heart function to reproduction, to tumors, and beyond. This review brings together knowledge from a variety of disciplines (biochemistry and pharmacology, oncology, endocrinology, and reproductive sciences) with emphasis on recent research on PDEs, how PDEs affect cAMP and cGMP signaling in health and disease, and what pharmacological exploitations of PDEs may be useful in modulating cyclic nucleotide signaling in a way that prevents or treats certain human diseases.
Radioimmunodetection of Prostatic Cancer
Authors: David M. Goldenberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Radioimmunodetection (RAID) of prostatic cancer is done by injecting<sup>131</sup>I-labeled rabbit antibody IgG against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and performing total-body photoscans with a gamma scintillation camera. Of two patients tested, the PAP RAID scintiscans located the primary or recurrent prostatic cancers in both and showed no disease in the lungs of the patient shown subsequently to have lung cancer. The lung tumor nodules showing anti-PAP IgG accretion were assumed to be of prostatic cancer origin, since one of the original tumors removed from this patient's other lung a year earlier stained for PAP by immunohistochemistry. This study showed that PAP RAID can locate primary and metastatic tumors of prostatic origin. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:630-635)
Cardiac Metabolism in Experimental Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: M. H. PAUL, E. O. THEILEN, D. E. GREGG, J. B. MARSH, G. G. CASTEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

The cardiac metabolism of the fibrillating left ventricle of the dog heart with and without maintenance of left coronary artery inflow was investigated. During ventricular fibrillation without maintenance of coronary flow, myocardial adenosine triphosphate and glycogen fell progressively, and in vitro oxygen consumption of biopsied tissue initially increased, but with adequate coronary perfusion these elements were maintained. With reinstitution of coronary flow after 30 to 40 minutes of fibrillation without flow, resynthesis of high energy phosphate occurred. The coronary artery-coronary sinus oxygen difference and left ventricular oxygen usage both decreased in the perfused fibrillating heart as compared with the values in the beating heart.
Hepatic thrombopoietin mRNA levels in acute and chronic liver failure of childhood
Authors: Eva-Maria Wolber, Rainer Ganschow, Martin Burdelski, Wolfgang Jelkmann
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The liver is the main production site of the hormone thrombopoietin (TPO), the major regulator of megakaryopoiesis. To investigate the role of an impaired TPO gene expression in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients suffering from liver failure, we measured hepatic TPO mRNA in children with acute or chronic end–stage liver disease undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Tissue samples for RNA extraction were obtained from 12 children with compensated cirrhosis (CC), 22 children with decompensated cirrhosis (DC), and 9 children with acute liver failure (ALF). TPO mRNA was quantitated by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), following reverse transcription (RT). Furthermore, in 9 children with ALF, serum TPO levels were measured by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay before and 10 to 14 days after liver transplantation. The hepatic TPO mRNA concentration was highest in children with CC (median, 50.9 amol/μg RNA). This value was significantly reduced in children with DC (30.2 amol/μg RNA) or ALF (13.8 amol/μg RNA). Children with ALF (139 cells/nL) or DC (200 cells/nL) had lower platelet counts than children with CC (368 cells/nL). The serum TPO concentration increased from a median of 156 pg/mL in patients with ALF to 547 pg/mL after liver transplantation. These results show that the thrombocytopenia in children with liver failure is associated with reduced hepatic TPO mRNA levels. It remains to be investigated whether the serum TPO level and platelet counts are markers for the severity of liver damage that may serve as a prognostic indicator.
Vitamin D status does not predict sustained virologic response or fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection
Authors: Matthew T. Kitson, Gregory J. Dore, Jacob George, Peter Button, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Darrell H.G. Crawford, William Sievert, Martin D. Weltman, Wendy S. Cheng, Stuart K. Roberts
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Significance of an Opaque, Green Benedict Reaction
Authors: William T. Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

DOES an opaque, green Benedict reaction "mean anything"? This question persists. A series of 1000 such reactions correlated with the fermentable sugar in each case now sheds some light on the question without, unfortunately, wholly answering it.The fermentable sugar ranged from none to 0.72 per cent (Fig. 1). The figures are condensed into a much simpler form in Table 1.Since as much as 0.05 per cent of fermentable sugar may be present in a urine that gives a completely negative Benedict reaction, it thus appears, as commonly supposed, that the majority of opaque, green Benedict reactions mean nothing. Interesting . . .
Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: JEROME M. FELDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 July 1975Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carcinoid TumorsJEROME M. FELDMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., JAMES W. PLONK, M.D.JEROME M. FELDMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES W. PLONK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-1-82_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCarcinoembryonic antigen is a cancer-specific antigen that is present in the plasma of 82% of patients with malignant tumors arising from structures of entodermal origin (1). The tumors include adenocarcinomas of the colon, stomach, pancreas, appendix, and gallbladder. Although carcinoid tumors are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, they have a neural crest (or neuroectodermal)rather than an entodermal origin (2). Six of seven children with neuroblastoma (a tumor of neural crest origin) had elevated plasma concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (1). It was therefore of interest to determine if patients with biopsy-proved metastatic carcinoid tumors had elevated plasma carcinoembryonic antigen...References1. REYNOSOCHUHOLYOKE GTD: Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with different cancers. JAMA 220:361-365, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BOLANDE R: The neurocristopathies—a unifying concept of disease arising in neural crest maldevelopment. Hum Pathol 5:409-429, 1974 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. UDENFRIENDTITUSWEISSBACH SEH: The identification of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid in normal urine and a method for its assay. J Biol Chem 216:499-505, 1955 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DAVIS R: The concentration of serotonin in normal human serum as determined by an improved method. J Lab Clin Med 54:344-351, 1959 Google Scholar5. HANSENLANCEKRUPEY HKJ: Demonstration of an ionsensitive antigenic site on carcinoembryonic antigen: assay using zirconyl phosphate (abstract). Clin Res 19:143, 1971 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JEROME M. FELDMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.; JAMES W. PLONK, M.D.Affiliations: Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina 27710 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCarcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndromeFamily study of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in inherited medullary carcinoma of the thyroidCarcinoid apudomasOncofetal and Other Tumor-Associated Antigens of the Human Digestive System 1 July 1975Volume 83, Issue 1Page: 82-83KeywordsBlood plasmaCarcinoembryonic antigenCarcinoid tumorGallbladderGastrointestinal tractMalignant tumorsMetastatic tumorsNeuroblastomaPancreasStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Publishing flurry attends oncogene—growth factor link
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In what one of the principal investigators refers to as "one of life's gentle ironies," two teams of researchers recently simultaneously announced the identification of a protein product of an oncogene (<i>Science</i>1983; 221:275-276;<i>Nature</i>1983;304:35-39). The oncogene,<i>sis</i>, is associated with the simian sarcoma virus; its product appears to be plateletderived growth factor (PDGF). The linking of the two represents the first association of a previously identified oncogene with a protein known to have a normal physiological function—in this case, the stimulation of fibroblastic and neuroglial cell proliferation. The discovery has intriguing implications on several levels. It provides long-sought evidence that an oncogene codes for a cellular growth factor. Because PDGF stimulates growth in normal cells, its overproduction could be a factor in the genesis of tumor cells. This possibility is reinforced by the fact that sarcomas and gliomas, human tumors in which there is evidence of heavy<i>sis</i>
Micturition Syncope
Authors: Charles Eberhart
Journal: JAMA (1960)

IN A STUDY of 82 healthy young adults who had experienced syncope on one or more occasions, Dermksian and Lamb<sup>1</sup>encountered 4 individuals who had fainted with micturition. Proudfit and Forteza<sup>2</sup>report 7 cases of micturition syncope. Six of their patients, whose ages varied from 16 to 37 years, had had their initial attack while relatively young. The seventh patient was 60 years of age when initial syncope occurred. All of their patients were in apparent good health. They observe that the initial attack usually takes place in early adulthood, during or after micturition, recurring at infrequent intervals and after the subject has been lying down before arising to urinate. McGee<sup>3</sup>reported 2 cases of micturition syncope in men 22 and 32 years of age. The latter patient had the original attack when 27 years old. He describes no accompanying urologic symptoms. Kampmeier<sup>4</sup>commented editorially on
Me, myself, and eye
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

The lack of just one self-antigen in the thymus can launch a tissue-specific autoimmune attack, report DeVoss et al. (page 2727).






Figure 1

The lack of thymic IRBP creates autoantibodies (green) against retinal IRBP.




T cells are taught which antigens to ignore as they develop in the thymus. Those whose antigen receptors recognize self-proteins are normally eliminated, preventing them from escaping into the circulation and later attacking self-tissues. The transcription factor Aire (autoimmune regulator) drives the expression of many tissue-specific antigens in the thymus; without Aire, mice develop a panoply of autoimmune diseases. But so far no studies have proven the link between defects in Aire-induced expression of tissue antigens in the thymus and the development of autoimmunity against those tissues.

The team showed that one of the problems that crops up in aire−/− mice—a spontaneous autoimmunity of the eye—is due to a T cell attack on an eye-specific interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP). IRBP, the authors found, was expressed at a low level in the wild-type thymus, but was missing in the aire−/− thymus. Wild-type mice transplanted with thymi lacking IRBP developed the same eye disease, proving that the lack of thymic IRBP was solely responsible for the disorder.

Humans lacking Aire also develop retinopathy, although they more commonly develop other organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Given that aire−/− mice develop a range of tissue-specific autoimmune disorders, the authors plan to test whether those that are common to humans can also be pinned on the loss of a single antigen.