tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation to antigen-reactive T cells by B lymphocyte tumor cells.
Authors: D J McKean, A J Infante, A Nilson, M Kimoto, C G Fathman, E Walker, N Warner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Previous reports have demonstrated that accessory cells function to present soluble protein antigens in association with gene products encoded within the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to antigen-reactive T helper cells. The biochemical events that occur during antigen presentation are, however, not well-documented primarily because of the difficulties involved in purifying sufficient numbers of homogeneous antigen-presenting cells. In this paper, a number of Ia-positive B lymphocyte tumor lines are shown to be capable of presenting soluble protein antigens to antigen-reactive continuous T cell lines in an MHC-restricted fashion. The characterization of the antigen presentation function of these tumor cells indicates that the tumor cells have many of the functional antigen-presenting characteristics previously thought to be limited to macrophages. These tumor cells should provide a useful model system for determining the biochemical events that occur in antigen uptake and processing as well as for determining the potential interactions between processed antigen and Ia molecules on the plasma membrane of these antigen-presenting cells.
Photochemical internalization (PCI)-mediated enhancement of gene silencing efficiency of polymethacrylates and N,N,N-trimethylated chitosan (TMC) based siRNA polyplexes
Authors: Amir Khashayar Varkouhi, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Mies J. van Steenbergen, Twan Lammers, Wim E. Hennink, Gert Storm
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Induction of lambda 1-immunoglobulin is determined by a regulatory gene (r lambda 1) linked (or identical) to the structural (c lambda 1) gene.
Authors: R Epstein, K Lehmann, M Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The cis-acting gene regulating specifically the inducibility of lambda 1-bearing B cells has been mapped within 2.9 cM of the structural gene. If the lambda 1lo-phenotype is due to the gly leads to val interchange in C lambda 1, then an argument can be made that (a) the lambda 1lo-phenotype is due to inefficient induction of lambda 1lo-bearing B cells and (b) B cell triggering is dependent upon a conformational change in the Ig receptor upon interaction with antigen. If the lambda 1lo-phenotype is due to a regulatory sequence linked to the structural C lambda 1-gene, then it must control the expression of the lambda 1-locus during development into adulthood, e.g., by an effect on methylation.
Experiences With Anesthesia in the Hyperbaric Environment
Authors: Robert M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During the past two years surgery has been performed on more than 115 patients in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber at the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. The procedures, carried out in the chamber owned by the Harvard School of Public Health, have been performed chiefly upon infants and small children with congenital cardiac lesions, but, in addition, six procedures have been carried out on two older patients who had gas gangrene. From this experience and considerable preliminary work with animals, we can make several practical observations. Anesthesia can be administered relatively easily and with few modifications inside hyperbaric oxygen chambers at 2, 3, and 4 atmospheres absolute pressure. The pharmacological action of drugs given by any route does not appear to be altered in any manner at these pressures. Sedatives or other agents administered orally or intramuscularly are most easily handled, for not only is their
Career Development for Women in Academic Medicine
Authors: Linda P. Fried
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the gender-based career obstacles for women in an academic department of medicine and to report the interventions to correct such obstacles (resulting from the evaluation) and the results of these interventions. <h3>Design.</h3> —Intervention study, before-after trial, with assessment of faculty concerns and perceived change through structured, self-administered questionnaires. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Full-time faculty. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Multifaceted intervention from 1990 through 1995 to correct gender-based career obstacles reported by women faculty, including problem identification, leadership, and education of faculty, and interventions to improve faculty development, mentoring, and rewards and to reduce isolation and structural career impediments. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Retention and promotion of deserving women faculty, salary equity, quality of mentoring, decreased isolation from information and colleagues, integration of women faculty into the scientific community, and decreased manifestations of gender bias. <h3>Results.</h3> —Junior women were retained and promoted, reversing previous experience, with a 550% increase in the number of women at the associate professor rank over 5 years (from 4 in 1990 to 26 in 1995). Interim 3-year follow-up showed a 183% increase in the proportion of women faculty who expected they would still be in academic medicine in 10 years (from 23% [7/30] in 1990 to 65% [30/46] in 1993). One half to two thirds of women faculty reported improvements in timeliness of promotions, manifestations of gender bias, access to information needed for faculty development, isolation, and salary equity. Men also reported improvements in these areas. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The outcomes reported here indicate that it is possible to make substantive improvements in the development of women's careers, that an institutional strategy to this end can be successful in retaining women in academic medicine, and that such interventions are likely to benefit all faculty. Long-term interventions appear essential.
Dietary iron and blood pressure
Authors: S. Stranges, E. Guallar
Journal: BMJ (2008)

High blood pressure is a leading risk factor for mortality and a major preventable cause of disability worldwide. Nutritional and lifestyle factors are key determinants of blood pressure across populations, and lifestyle modifications—including weight reduction if overweight or obese, reduced dietary sodium intake, increased dietary potassium intake, moderation of alcohol consumption, adoption of the DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet, and regular aerobic exercise—are effective at reducing blood pressure. 1

In the linked study (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a258 ), Tzoulaki and colleagues assess the association between iron and red meat intake and blood pressure using data from the international collaborative study of macro-/micronutrients and blood pressure (INTERMAP), a large cross sectional study of the nutritional determinants of blood pressure across 17 population samples from Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States. 2 The authors found significant inverse associations between intake of total iron and non-haem iron and systolic blood pressure. Conversely, intake of red meat was significantly associated with increased systolic blood pressure, but the association …
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation, salmonellosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B among immigrant children in Glasgow.
Authors: K M Goel, R A Shanks, T A McAllister, E A Follett
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Two hundred Asian and 100 each of African, Chinese, and Scottish children were screened for intestinal parasitic infestations, salmonellosis, brucellosis, hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg), and tuberculosis. There was a fairly high incidence of Giardia lamblia among Asian and Scottish children and of Trichuris trichiura among the Chinese. Hookworm ova were seen only in Africa children. There were no chronic carriers of Salmonella or Brucella, and no one was suffering from salmonellosis or brucellosis. Tuberculin sensitivity was found in only 4% of immigrant and 1% of Scottish children: the difference was small and neither figure suggests a continuing high incidence of tuberculosis in Glasgow. Only seven immigrant children were found to be HBsAg carriers. Among the families of these carriers there was a high incidence (84%) of HBsAg or antibody (HBsAb). The survey shows that immigrant children in Glasgow do not constitute a health hazard to the indigenous population. Moreover, severe overcrowding is not a prominent feature among the immigrant families in Glasgow but is greatest among the local Scots.
Slave Patients and Free Physicians
Authors: Joel J. Alpert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Among the health professions, physicians treasure the ideal that medical care is provided equally without regard for the patient's race, religion, ethnic origin or financial status. When equality of care does not exist, it is assumed that the problems are largely ones of distribution and of finances. If only the patient could get to the physician and the financial barriers were removed, many, if not all medical-care problems of low-income families would be solved. Not so, say Heagarty and Robertson (see page 636), referring to the phenomenon of middle-class physicians providing care to lower-class patients. Using anecdotal and personal encounters, . . .
PMO-134 Basal cell adhesion molecule and b1-integrins regulate the adhesion of ES cell-derived hepatocye-like cells to extracellular matrix and hepatic sinusoidal cells
Authors: N J Davies, H S Dawes, D W Blakeway, P F Lalor, D H Adams, D C Hay, P N Newsome
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cellular transplantation is an alternative to liver transplantation, however provision of primary human hepatocytes is limited. Human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (ES-HLCs) represent a renewable source of functional hepatocytes. However, engraftment levels of these cells in the liver is low. The mechanisms regulating interactions between transplanted hepatocytes and the host liver remain unclear. Elucidation of these mechanisms may provide a means to enhance recruitment and engraftment in vivo. <h3>Methods</h3> ES-HLCs were generated using our previously published protocol.<sup>1</sup> Functionality of cells was demonstrated biochemically and by transplantation into immunocompromised fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase knock-out (FAH<sup>−/−</sup>) mice. Microarray analysis of adhesion molecule expression was undertaken and compared with primary human hepatocytes. Adhesion molecule expression of ES-HLCs was assessed by flow cytometry. Adhesion of ES-HLCs to extracellular matrices and human hepatic sinusoidal endothelium (HSEC) was quantified using static and physiologically relevant flow assays, respectively. To define the mechanisms underpinning ES-HLCs interactions adhesion molecule neutralising antibodies and a recombinant human BCAM protein (BCAM-fc) were utilised. <h3>Results</h3> ES-HLCs displayed markers of functional hepatocytes and resulted in prolonged survival in FAH<sup>−/−</sup>mice after intra-splenic transplantation. A range of genes for novel adhesion molecules were identified on ES-HLCs including BCAM. ES-HLCs expressed high levels of β1-integrin (84.3±2.3%), as well as high levels of BCAM (84.3±2%). In static adhesion assays, ES-HLCs bound preferentially to laminin, fibronectin and osteopontin. Binding to fibronectin and osteopontin was reduced when β1-integrin was blocked (28.6%±6.5 p=0.022 and 34%±6.5 p=0.008, respectively). Furthermore, adhesion to laminin was reduced by 48.6±3% (p=0.03) when cells were treated with an anti-BCAM blocking antibody or 48±5.1% (p&lt;0.0001) when laminin-binding sites were blocked by BCAM-fc. Blockade of β1-integrins on ES-HLCs or BCAM binding sites on HSEC led to significant (15%±3 and 24%±5, p=0.029 and 0.035, respectively) decreases in adhesion of ES-HLCs to HSEC during flow assays. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Using microarrays we have identified novel adhesion molecules on ES-HLCs such as BCAM along with more established adhesion molecules such as β1-integrins. These molecules critically regulate the adhesion of ES-HLCs to specific ECM molecules and HSEC in physiologically relevant flow assays. BCAM and β1-integrins are thus potential targets to manipulate to improve the engraftment of transplanted ES-HLCs. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Hay</b>, <i>et al</i>. PNAS 2008;<b>105</b>:12301–6.
Persistent Problems with Persistent Herpesviruses
Authors: James C. Overall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Persistent infections occur with all the human herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus (HSV) Types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). In a persistent infection, the virus (or at least the viral genome) is present in the host for a long period. This persistent infection occurs as a chronic or recurrent active infection or as a latent infection. In an active infection, infectious virus can be recovered from cell-free body fluids or secretions or from homogenized tissue (disrupted cells). In a latent infection, virus can be recovered from intact (but not disrupted) host cells cocultivated . . .
Regulatory B cells are induced by gut microbiota–driven interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 production
Authors: Elizabeth C Rosser, Kristine Oleinika, Silvia Tonon, Ronan Doyle, Anneleen Bosma, Natalie A Carter, Kathryn A Harris, Simon A Jones, Nigel Klein, Claudia Mauri
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Compression of Nerve Fibres
Authors: J. S. B. Stopford
Journal: BMJ (1926)

1028 auf"f t,ig.61¢ OI OF.NEII FBRS.cheey material in carcinoma of the body, and at the same time the curettage cures the condition.Senile endometritis is 4 definite inflammation, and the microscope reveals much small-celled infiltration.Mucous Polypi.-Anatrophic tissue like the endometrium after the menopause would not be expected to produce polypi, but it does so not at all infrequently, especially in the cervix, and I have seen at least half a dozen cases in the last sIx months.The polypi can usually be detected protruding from the external os, and curettage usually reveals no others in the body of the uterus.Curettage cures the condition.CONCLusION.These are the commonest causes of haemorrhage about and after the menopause, though a number of others, like carcinoma of the vagina, do occasionally occur, but so rarely that we need not keep them constantly in our minds.The one point we must constantly keep before us is the frequency of malignant disease as a cause of haemorrhage, and the fact that haemorrhage is usually the only early symptom of this disease, and so we must always consider any of these cases as likely to be malignant until we have proved the haemorrhage to be due to some other cause.If we will only do this these malignant cases will be detected much earlier and a far larger number cured of this dread disease.
Aceruloplasminemia: new clinical, pathophysiological and therapeutic insights
Authors: Olivier Loréal, Bruno Turlin, Christelle Pigeon, Annick Moisan, Martine Ropert, Patrick Morice, Yves Gandon, Anne-Marie Jouanolle, Marc Vérin, Robert C. Hider, Kunihiro Yoshida, Pierre Brissot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Complement Activation and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Dialysis Membranes
Authors: Raymond M. Hakim, Julian Breillatt, J. Michael Lazarus, Friedrich K. Port
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Certain patients receiving hemodialysis experience recurrent chest pain, dyspnea, and hypotension during exposure to new cuprophane-membrane dialyzers (the "first-use syndrome"). Because activation of complement may be involved in these events, we examined in vivo complement activation with new cuprophane membranes and in vitro activation by zymosan in 6 such patients, and compared them with 10 patients who did not have symptoms during dialysis. All patients with the first-use syndrome had maximal complement activation 10 minutes after initiation of dialysis, with C3a des-arginine (desArg), the stable metabolite of C3 activation, equal to 8533 +/- 157 ng per milliliter (mean +/- S.E.M.). In asymptomatic patients the maximal C3a desArg value occurred at 15 minutes and was only 2907 +/- 372 ng per milliliter (P less than or equal to 0.0001). At a concentration of 3.8 x 10(-5) g of zymosan per milliliter, patients with the first-use syndrome had a C3a desArg level of 29.6 +/- 1.4 micrograms per milliliter, whereas it was only 16.6 +/- 2.3 micrograms per milliliter in asymptomatic patients (P less than or equal to 0.0001). Two other patients, who experienced cardiopulmonary collapse during the first two minutes of dialysis, had a C3a desArg level of 18,900 and 7800 ng per milliliter, respectively. We conclude that the occurrence of adverse symptoms associated with new cuprophane-membrane dialyzers correlates with complement activation.
Combination of aspirin and clopidogrel exerts superior antithrombotic potency compared to warfarin on mechanical heart valves in a rabbit flow chamber
Authors: Axel Schlitt, Baerbel Hauroeder, Michael Buerke, Christoph Bickel, Dirk Peetz, Andy Campbell, Ferdinand Hundt, Jürgen Meyer, Hans J. Rupprecht
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A case of Dettol addiction.
Authors: J S Khan, M C Wilson, T V Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1979)

other two groups (P<0O001 in each case; see figure). CommentWe can find no other case of long-term Dettol ingestion leading to probable addiction.Dettol contains some isopropyl alcohol in addition to chloroxylenol, and this is the next most common alcohol after ethyl and methyl to which addiction occurs.Ingestion of isopropyl alcohol occurred in two-thirds of the non-ethyl-alcohol addicts described by Mendelson et al.2The motivation in our case was on 23 July
HOW MUCH PHARMACY SHOULD BE TAUGHT IN MEDICAL COLLEGES?
Authors: G. WALTER BARR
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Notwithstanding modern tendencies, the main question is not how long the college course, but what and how well it is taught. The real value a student gets out of his college life depends upon the curriculum and the thoroughness with which things are learned, not upon how much of one thing he learns. The balancing of the curriculum is the most neglected as well as the most important consideration occupying the attention of faculties. Too often that professor who is most energetic in his college work has the most of the students' time, and the laziest professor is seen least at the college. Some colleges in America turn out pathologists, some surgeons, others chemists, and a few dermatologists, the graduates in each case being weak in other equally important departments of medical knowledge. Again, each chair should lay out its work according to a definite plan in which each part
Ovarian Function after Transplantation of Frozen, Banked Autologous Ovarian Tissue
Authors: Kutluk Oktay, Guvenç Karlikaya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Studies in animals and humans have shown that cryopreserved ovarian tissue can be transplanted successfully.1–4 We report the successful transplantation of frozen, banked autologous ...
Censura et Cavilla
Authors: Harold J. Conlon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a recent "Critique and Cavil" item (<i>JAMA</i><b>189</b>:216 [July 20] 1964) George X. Trimble, MD, states, "While we are on the Latin kick, check into '<i>Et Medici Cives,' `Unde Venis?' `Humani Nil Alienum,' `Non Sibi sed Medicinae,' and next-to-last but not least, `Mene Mene Tekel Upharsin</i>'." For those of us who from our youth were raised in a culture that still regarded a working knowledge of the source book of Western morality and civilization equally as important as a knowledge of Latin, this confusion of Aramaic ("<i>Mene Mene Tekel Upharsin</i>") with Latin is a bit depressing. The exact meaning of these ancient words is lost in antiquity, for the ghostly writer on the wall neglected any vowel markings, and the words have stimulated almost as much speculation as the function of the lymphocyte. An enlightening exposition on these matters can be found in<i>Daniel</i>by
Medicare Policy and Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Arden M. Morris
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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A new device for endoscopic submucosal dissection of a submucosal gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: E. Busch, B. Mueller, E. Hahn, M. Raithel, J. Maiss
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Surgical resection is the treatment of the choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). These neoplasms usually arise from the muscularis propria. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a novel technique to resect epithelial as well as submucosal gastrointestinal neoplasia and represents a less invasive alternative to surgery [1] [2] [3]. Recently, many technical developments and accessories have been presented to facilitate the ESD procedure [3] [4] [5]. The following case report presents the successful ESD of a submucosal gastric GIST using a new combined instrument, the Endo-FS/FK dissection device (KACHU Technology, Seoul, Korea), which integrates an injection needle and a flex knife into a single device.
The Influence of Colour upon Anopheles
Authors: G. H. F. Nuttall
Journal: BMJ (1901)

the English Malaria Expedition2l may here be literally quoted, as they seem to me to be very appropriate: "It would appear from the criticisms made on Koch by many writers that they have not taken the ttrouble to acquaint themselves at first hand, with his writings, for views are constantly attributed to him which certainly are not to be found in his writings."As a matter of fact, R. Koch has in nowise altered his views.Now as formerly he believes that in the majority of cases blackwater fever is the result of quinine poisoning in malaria patients.But, at the same time, he holds that by means of an appropriate quinine prophylaxis malaria, and with it, in the vast majority of cases, blackwater fever, can be stamped out.An imperfect quinine prophylaxis which does not entirely protect against malaria, on the other hand predisposes to blackwater fever, for in such a case plasmodia and quinine unite to act harmfully on the organism.