tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Open Trial of Oral Sildenafilin Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Maurizio Fava, Meridith A. Rankin, Jonathan E. Alpert, Andrew A. Nierenberg, John J. Worthington
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 that has been associated with greater improvement of erectile function compared to placebo among men with erectile dysfunction. The goal of our study was to evaluate its efficacy in a small sample of outpatients with antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction.We studied the first 14 depressed outpatients (9 men and 5 women; mean age: 46.4 +/- 8.4) who were consecutively treated with oral sildenafil. Twelve of the 14 patients were treated with an SSRI and 2 with mirtazapine. All patients were prescribed oral sildenafil tablets at the initial dose of 50 mg q.d. p.r.n., with the possibility of increasing the dose to 100 mg q.d. p.r.n., if clinically indicated. We administered a sexual functioning questionnaire derived from the Guided Interview Questionnaire for females and males and from the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale to all patients before and after at least 4 weeks of treatment with oral sildenafil. The mean sildenafil dose in our 14 patients was 57 +/- 18 mg/day.All 14 subjects completed the follow-up assessments and no subjects discontinued the drug prematurely. We observed statistically significant improvements in all domains of sexual functioning, including libido, arousal, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and (in males only) erectile function, with a 69% rate of patients reporting themselves as much or very much improved. Oral sildenafil treatment appeared to be very well tolerated, with only 1 out of 14 (7%) patients reporting an adverse event (hot flashes).Our findings of statistically significant improvements in all domains of sexual functioning in a sample of 14 men and women with antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction suggest that this agent may represent an efficacious approach to this population.
Abstract C41: MenaINV dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling
Authors: Madeleine J. Oudin, Shannon K. Hughes-Alford, Miles Miller, Sreeja B. Asokan, James E. Bear, Doug A. Lauffenburger, Frank B. Gertler
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Mena, an actin regulatory protein, is upregulated in human breast cancer and its expression is associated with increased metastatic progression. An invasion-specific isoform, MenaINV, is upregulated selectively in invasive tumor cells and increases invasion and metastasis by potentiating tumor cell responses to EGF. MenaINV causes dysregulation of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B, leading to increased phosphorylation of EGFR and other downstream targets. We investigated whether MenaINV could similarly promote invasion through dysregulation of signaling downstream of other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The behavior of MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells stably expressing MenaINV or the other cannonical, broadly expressed Mena lacking the “INV” exon was measured after growth factor treatment in two migration assays: a 2D protrusion assay on matrigel and collagen coated coverslips and a 3D invasion assay into collagen gels. We found that expression of MenaINV sensitized responses to other EGFR ligands including HB-EGF and amphiregulin. In addition, MenaINV expression enhanced responses mediated by two other RTKs associated with tumor progression, Met and IGFR, both known PTP1B substrates. Cells expressing MenaINV respond to 20-fold lower concentrations HGF and IGF than control cells. However, there was no effect of MenaINV on responses to the ERBB3 ligand neuregulin and the chemokine SDF-1. Recently we reported that Mena can regulate cell motility in fibroblasts via its interaction with α5β1 integrin, which is known to co-traffic with EGFR and other RTKs to regulate invasion in tumor cells expressing mutant p53 or upon inhibition of αvβ3. We asked whether the direct interaction of Mena with α5β1 also contributes to invasion. Disrupting the interaction between the Mena isoforms and α5β1 in MDA-MB-231 cells affected how cells responded to EGF in a 3D collagen gel. In addition, fibroblasts that were null for Mena were unable to respond to a fibronectin gradient in a haptotaxis assay. Overall, these results suggest that the effects of MenaINV on invasion and metastasis could be mediated via different RTKs, as well as through direct interaction with integrins and the extracellular matrix. Experiments are currently underway to investigate how MenaINV regulates signalling downstream of these RTKs and integrins, to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the pro-metastatic effect of MenaINV. Citation Format: Madeleine J. Oudin, Shannon K. Hughes-Alford, Miles Miller, Sreeja B. Asokan, James E. Bear, Doug A. Lauffenburger, Frank B. Gertler. MenaINV dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C41.
Aldosterone Antagonists in Patients With Heart Failure—Reply
Authors: Nancy M. Albert, Gregg C. Fonarow, Adrian F. Hernandez
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Focus: Brussels: Public health: is high profile the best profile?
Authors: R Watson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Should the promotion of public health in the European Union be given a higher profile within the various workings of the European Commission? That is one of the questions now being asked in Brussels as the organisation prepares to undergo what could emerge as its first significant overhaul for more than a decade.

Two major pressures lie behind the current readiness to review the commission's existing departmental responsibilities. The first is that structures established in the 1980s, or earlier, are not necessarily suited to the tasks and challenges of the next decade, in particular the new areas like security and public health brought in with the Maastricht treaty. Two senior internal working parties of the commission are currently carrying out preliminary investigations into how these might be modernised.

The second pressure is more overtly political. The …
The Thyrotropin (TSH)-Releasing Hormone Receptor: Interaction with TSH and Autoantibodies*
Authors: Basil Rapoport, Gregorio D. Chazenbalk, Juan Carlos Jaume, Sandra M. McLachlan
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1998)

I. Introduction II. TSHR Ectodomain Structure A. Primary amino acid structure B. Subunit structure C. Disulfide bonds in the TSHR ectodomain D. Carbohydrate moieties in the TSHR ectodomain E. TSHR dimerization III. Recombinant TSHR Expression A. Approaches to TSHR expression B. TSHR expression in prokaryotes C. TSHR expression as cell-free translates or as synthetic peptides D. TSHR expression in eukaryotic insect cells E. TSHR expression in mammalian cells IV. TSH and Autoantibody Binding to the TSHR Ectodomain A. Holoreceptor vs. ectodomain B. Conformational nature of binding sites C. TSHR carbohydrate: part of the binding site? D. TSHR amino acid residues in TSH-binding site E. Autoantibody epitopes V. TSHR Autoantibody Assays A. Historical background B. In vivo and in vitro bioassays C. Indirect TBI assays D. Direct assays for TSHR autoantibodies E. Confusion on the terminology and types of TSHR autoantibodies VI. Monoclonal Autoantibodies to the TSHR Ectodomain A. Introduction B. Mouse TSHR mAb C. Hu...
Increased risk of proteinuria among a cohort of lead-exposed pregnant women.
Authors: P Factor-Litvak, Z Stein, J Graziano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Long-term exposure to high concentrations of lead results in renal dysfunction. During a prospective study of environmental lead and pregnancy outcomes in 1502 women residing in two towns in Yugoslavia, we explored whether moderate exposure to lead results in increased rates of proteinuria. The geometric mean blood lead concentrations (BPb) were 17.1 and 5.1 micrograms/dl in the smelter and nonexposed towns, respectively. Increases in BPb were associated with increased odds ratios for both trace and > or = 1+ proteinuria, measured using a urinary dipstick. Comparing the women in the upper 10th percentile of exposure to those in the lowest 10th percentile, the adjusted odds ratio for > or = 1+ proteinuria was 4.5 (95% CI 1.5, 13.6). Similarly, the adjusted odds ratio for trace proteinuria was 2.3 (95% CI 1.3, 4.1). Similar to other studies showing associations between chronic exposure to lead and renal dysfunction, our data suggest that long-term exposure to environmental lead may be associated with proteinuria.
Older Patients With Schizophrenia: Nature of Dwelling Status and Symptom Severity
Authors: Sanjay Gupta, Charles Steinmeyer, Bradford Frank, Kari Lockwood, Barbara Lentz, Kay Schultz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

This cross-sectional study enrolled elderly patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.The 85 subjects were dichotomized into two groups on the basis of dwelling status: those living independently (N=35) and those living in residential settings (N=50). The groups were compared with regard to scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Geriatric Depression Scale and by age.Patients living independently had significantly higher MMSE scores, lower SANS scores, more years of education, and were younger than the patients living in residential settings.These data suggest that although cognition, negative symptoms, and age are important discriminators with regard to dwelling status, cognition and negative symptoms appear to have the strongest impact.
Repetitive scratching and noxious heat do not inhibit histamine-induced itch in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Y. Ishiuji, R.C. Coghill, T.S. Patel, A. Dawn, J. Fountain, Y. Oshiro, G. Yosipovitch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Repetitive scratching is the most common behavioural response to itch in atopic dermatitis (AD). Patients with chronic itch often report that very hot showers inhibit itch. We recently reported that scratching and noxious heat stimuli inhibit histamine‐induced itch in healthy subjects. However, no psychophysical studies have been performed in AD to assess the effects of repetitive heat pain stimuli and scratching on histamine‐induced itch. Objectives To examine the effects of repetitive noxious heat and scratching on itch intensity in patients with AD using quantitative sensory testing devices. Methods Itch was induced with histamine iontophoresis in 16 patients with AD in both lesional and nonlesional skin as well as in 10 healthy subjects. Repetitive noxious heat and scratching were applied 3 cm distal to the area of histamine iontophoresis. Subjects rated their perceived intensity of histamine‐induced itch with a computerized visual analogue scale. Results Our results demonstrate that repetitive noxious heat and scratching do not inhibit itch intensity in lesional and nonlesional AD skin but do so in healthy skin. Of note, both these stimuli increase itch intensity in lesional AD skin. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that scratching and noxious thermal stimuli have a different effect upon histamine‐induced itch perception in patients with AD when compared with healthy controls. This difference may be associated with both peripheral and central sensitization of nerve fibres in AD.
Impaired selection of IgA and intestinal dysbiosis associated with PD-1-deficiency
Authors: Mikako Maruya, Shimpei Kawamoto, Lucia M. Kato, Sidonia Fagarasan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

A major function of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is to maintain balanced bacterial communities in the gut. We have previously shown that diversification of IgA upon somatic hypermutation (SHM) is critical for IgA function yet the principles governing the selection of IgA in the gut have remained elusive. Here we discuss recent progress in understanding this process as revealed by our studies in mice that lack the inhibitory co-receptor programmed cell death–1 (PD-1). We found that PD-1 affects the dynamics of germinal center (GC) B cells by controlling the number and the nature of T helper cells in the Peyer's patches (PPs). Deregulation of the T cell compartment impacts the selection of IgA plasma cells leading to gut dysbiosis. When the PD-1-dependent checkpoint is missing, gut bacteria go beyond the mucosal barrier and induce systemic GCs that can generate antibodies with auto-reactive properties.
Noneffect of Isoniazid on Urine Glucose Tests
Authors: Timothy H Self, Vicki L Wester
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Isoniazid has been shown by in vitro study to reduce Clinitest tablets. The effect of isoniazid on urine glucose tests was investigated in 30 patients by comparing commonly used glucose oxidase methods to Clinitest. Study results indicate that isoniazid does not cause clinically significant interference with the copper reduction method for urine glucose determination.
WHO leadership race reaches final stages
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Later this month, one of seven candidates will be nominated as the World Health Organisation's next director general. Fiona Godlee assesses the competition

After 10 years of declining international prestige and a slump in staff morale, the WHO has an opportunity to recast itself. Now in its 50th year, the organisation is in financial straights, uncertain about its place in the world, and, as the year 2000 approaches, hard pushed to rearticulate its distant promise of “Health for All.” The BMJ invited the seven candidates to respond to questions about the future of the WHO. Five responses are given on the following pages.

George Alleyne (65) has been director of the WHO's American region since 1994. He declined to respond to our questions in writing, feeling that this would subvert the executive board's selection procedures. Through his West Indian origins and his 16 years working for the Pan American Health Organisation in Washington DC, he is on paper the candidate with the greatest potential to bridge the divide between developed and developing nations. His achievements include supporting the successful elimination of polio from the Americas. His long career within the WHO and his establishment credentials …
Selling Teaching Hospitals and Practice Plans: George Washington and Georgetown Universities
Authors: Hector O. Ventura
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Air Crashes and Fractured Spines
Authors: E. I. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1947)

OURNALX-ray examination following injection of " lipiodol " into the cisterna magna and into the lumbar region of the subarachnoid space with inversion of the patient revealed an extramedullary block extending from the body of the second thoracic vertebra to the lower border of the fourth.Laminectomy was contemplated, but by Nov. 10 slight objective sense perception was demonstrated and some control over micturition was evident.Steady improvement occurred, and normal function and normal signs in both lower limbs were established by May 15, 1933.On July 12, 1933, an abscess made itself evident at the vertebral border of the right scapula.This was incised, and the subsequent sinus healed in six weeks.A pure culture of Staph.albus was grown from the abscess pus.There were no signs or symptoms referable to the back prior to the developement of the abscess.Examination as aii out-patient in May, 1934, sbowed the femoral lesions to be compltetely healed and epithelialized, and the spine and back seemed perfectly normal.
Ear, nose, and throat symptoms in subacute Wegener's granulomatosis.
Authors: D. P. D'Cruz, E. Baguley, R. A. Asherson, G. R. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The standard description of Wegener9s granulomatosis emphasises renal failure and thus a distorted impression may be given. Subacute and even chronic cases occur, and in these patients the presentation is varied and often insidious, leading to delay in diagnosis. Twenty two such patients (13 women and nine men) with a mean age of 44 years were seen in our connective tissue disease clinic. The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 3.6 years and the mean duration of disease 5.9 years (19 years in one patient). All patients had malaise and ear, nose, and throat symptoms, and most had joint pains. Impaired renal function was seen in seven patients only. Tissue biopsy was diagnostic in half of the patients, and appreciably high titres of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were detected in only nine of 18 patients in whom these were measured. The most useful investigations were neutrophil counts, chest radiographs, and computed tomography of the sinuses and orbits. The most effective treatment was with intravenous pulses of cyclophosphamide. No deaths occurred. At the time of writing two patients were in remission and no longer being treated and 18 patients were in partial remission on continued treatment. Patients with subacute forms of Wegener9s granulomatosis present with a variety of clinical features and the insidious presentation often leads to delay in diagnosis. A history of ear, nose, and throat symptoms was universal in our patients.
Treatment of Traveler's Diarrhea With Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim and Loperamide
Authors: Charles D. Ericsson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 227 US adults with acute diarrhea in Mexico received a single dose of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (1600/320 mg) or 3 days of therapy with loperamide hydrochloride (4-mg loading dose, then 2 mg orally after each loose stool), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (800/160 mg orally twice daily), or the combination of both. Subjects treated with the combination had the shortest average duration of diarrhea compared with the placebo group (1 hour vs 59 hours), took the least amount of loperamide after the loading dose (3.8 mg), and had the shortest duration of diarrhea associated with fecal leukocytes or blood-tinged stools (4.5 hours). A single dose of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was also efficacious (28 vs 59 hours), but loperamide alone was significantly effective only when treatment failures were treated with antibiotics (33 vs 58 hours). The combination of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim plus loperamide can be highly recommended for the treatment of most patients with traveler's diarrhea.
Delayed Development of Radiation Vasculopathy of the Brain Stem Confirmed by F-18 FDG PET in a Case of Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Authors: Ashok Muthukrishnan, Mehran Bajoghli, James M. Mountz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We present the imaging findings of a 38-year-old female patient who underwent resection and radiation therapy for an anaplastic astrocytoma in her left temporal lobe 12 years ago. She was symptom-free until 1 month before admission at which time she presented with symptoms of right hemiparesis, right facial droop, and slurred speech. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a new mass lesion in the left pontine region of the brain stem. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of the lesion demonstrated an increase in choline (Ch)/N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) metabolite values which were nondiagnostic. Since viable tumor recurrence was strongly suspected, a biopsy was planned, although this posed significant risk. Therefore, an F-18 FDG brain PET scan was performed, which demonstrated no metabolic activity in the pontine lesion leading to the less common diagnosis of long-term postradiation vasculopathy. Over the next 6 months, the patient's symptoms slowly improved and a follow-up MRI scan showed a decrease in the size of the lesion, consistent with postradiation vasculopathy and infarction. This case illustrates the importance of considering the rare diagnosis of radiation-induced vasculopathy in the differential diagnosis when symptoms of recurrent brain tumor occur.