tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis and Management of Chronic Ulcerations of the Extremities
Authors: SHELDON G. SHEPS
Journal: Circulation (1960)

It can be seen that the variety of chronic ulcerations of the skin of the extremities is legion. Attention to the underlying disease process is of paramount importance because of the difference in definitive treatment and prognosis. Appropriate simple medical measures as outlined above often suffice in the local treatment of these ulcerations. Regional sympathetic denervation has a definite but relatively minor role in the management of these disorders. The widespread, indiscriminate use of a host of salves, ointments, and other potions is to be condemned.
Hepatic artery and portal vein vascularization of normal and cirrhotic rat liver
Authors: Ibrahim Kassissia, Antoine Brault, P.-Michel Huet
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The hepatic artery and portal vein vascularization of seven normal and seven cirrhotic rats was evaluated by means of the multiple-indicator dilution technique using the flow-limited model analysis. Injected 15-micron microspheres were all trapped by the liver in normal and cirrhotic rats after portal vein and hepatic artery injections, ruling out the presence of intrahepatic shunts larger than 15 microns. The albumin curve was linearly displaced relative to the red blood cell curve in both groups of rats, indicating that albumin distribution remained compatible with the flow-limited distribution model. Albumin extravascular space was similar when measured following both routes of injection. Sucrose outflow profile was also compatible with the flow-limited model after portal vein injection in normal rats, but not in severely cirrhotic rats. In contrast, after hepatic artery injection in both normal and cirrhotic rats the sucrose curve was not linearly displaced compared with that of red blood cells; its curve peak was less delayed than its downslope. This finding indicates that, after hepatic artery injection, sucrose distribution was not compatible with the flow-limited model; moreover, its extravascular space was much larger than that after portal vein injection, particularly in cirrhotic rats. This phenomenon is best explained by the peribiliary capillary plexus, lying between terminal arteries and sinusoids, a plexus enlarged in cirrhotic livers. Finally, sinusoidal volume was apparently much larger after hepatic arterial injection compared with that after portal venous injection. This occurrence may well result from an unshared arterial sinusoidal bed or the peribiliary capillary plexus.
Feasibility of tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in induction failure or very unfavorable (UF) relapse from Hodgkin's disease (HD)
Authors: P. Brice, M. Divine, D. Simon, B. Coiffier, V. Leblond, M. Simon, L. Voilat, A. Devidas, F. Morschhauser, P. Rohrlich, M. André, E. Lepage, C. Ferme
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
Comparison Testing of Current (PPD-S1) and Proposed (PPD-S2) Reference Tuberculin Standards
Authors: MARGARITA E. VILLARINO, MICHAEL J. BRENNAN, CHARLES M. NOLAN, ANTONINO CATANZARO, LINDA L. LUNDERGAN, NAOMI N. BOCK, CRYSTAL L. JONES, YONG-CHEN WANG, WILLIAM J. BURMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Since 1951, the tuberculin PPD-S1 has been used to standardize commercial PPD reagents and perform special tuberculin surveys. PPD-S1 is now in short supply and a new standard (PPD-S2) has been manufactured. To determine if PPD-S2 is equivalent and can replace PPD-S1, we conducted a double-blind clinical trial. Between May 14 and October 28, 1997, 69 subjects with a history of culture-proven tuberculosis (TB patients) and 1,189 subjects with a very low risk for TB infection were enrolled, received four skin tests (with PPD-S1, PPD-S2, and one each of the commercially available PPDs), and had reactions measured by two trained observers. Among the TB patients, we found statistically indistinguishable immunogenicity (mean reaction size ± standard deviation): 15.6 ± 6.6 mm for PPD-S1 and 14.8 ± 5.6 mm for PPD-S2. Among low-risk subjects, the tests had equally high specificities (PPD-S1, 98.7% and PPD-S2, 98.5%), using a 10-mm cutoff. The number of discordant (negative versus positive) interpretations for PPD-S2, assuming that low-risk subjects who had a ⩾ 10 mm reaction to PPD-S1 were truly infected, was low (0.5%) and indistinguishable from the rate of discordant interpretations of the same test when read by two different observers (0.8%). The study results indicate that PPD-S2 is qualified to be used as the new U.S. reference standard for PPD tuberculin.
Inquiry to be held after deaths of cancer patients from apparent overdose
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An inquiry has been launched after the deaths of two patients who may have been given an overdose of a drug intended to ease the side effects of cancer treatment.

The two men—Baljit Singh Sunner (aged 36) and Paul Richards (35) — both died within a day of being treated in an oncology ward at Birmingham's Heartlands Hospital.

The Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust is not issuing details of the cases and would not say what drug or drugs had been involved. However, the Birmingham Mail has claimed that the men were given five times the …
Analysis of the effects of food and of digestive secretions on the small intestine of the rat. 1. Mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement.
Authors: R M Clarke, R Ecknauer, G Feyerabend
Journal: Gut (1976)

A modified Roux-en-Y repositioning of rat small intestine was performed so that the proximal segment of bowel (A) received only bile and pancreastic secretions, the second (B) received food direct from the stomach, and these two segments drained into a third (C). Four to five weeks after operation, cell production was assessed by injection of vincristine into operated, sham-operated and unoperated rats, and counts of blocked metaphases were made on isolated microdissected crypts. Villus height, crypt depth, and the number of crypts per villus (crypt/villus ratio) were also measured. Most of segment A showed no significant differences from sham-operated intestine, although the normal proximo-distal gradient of villus height was abolished. At the distal end (near the anastomosis with segments B and C), crypt depth and cell production were increased. The villus height gradient in segment B was also abolished, although crypt depth and cell production were significantly increased, especially at the proximal end. Crypt/villus ratio was also increased. Segment C showed all the characteristics of small bowel promoted to a more proximal position: increased villus height, crypt depth and cell production. Increased crypt/villus ratio was also observed. These results are discussed in terms of the role of food and of digestive secretions in the control of mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement.
Docetaxel, Estramustine, and 15-Month Androgen Deprivation for Men With Prostate-Specific Antigen Progression After Definitive Local Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mary-Ellen Taplin, Wanling Xie, Glenn J. Bubley, Marc S. Ernstoff, William Walsh, Daniel E. Morganstern, Meredith M. Regan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective for relapsed prostate cancer, but is rarely curative. The purpose of this trial was to determine the feasibility, toxicity, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response of chemotherapy and limited ADT for men with PSA relapse. Patients and Methods Eligible men had an increasing PSA and no metastases after prostatectomy and/or radiation for localized disease. Treatment consisted of four cycles of docetaxel (70 mg/m 2 ) every 21 days and estramustine 280 mg tid on days 1 through 5. After chemotherapy, goserelin acetate and bicalutamide were prescribed for 15 months. Results Sixty-two patients were enrolled. A complete PSA response (CR) was defined as PSA at or below the assay-specific lower limit. The proportion of patients with CR after chemotherapy, after ADT, and at 1 year after completion of ADT was 53%, 63%, and 36%, respectively. Testosterone was more than 100 ng/dL (median, 250 ng/dL) 1 year after completion of ADT in 97% of patients. Patients with a PSA less than 3.0 ng/mL at enrollment had a significantly longer time to progression (TTP; P = .0004). Of 56 patients who were observed at least 1 year after completion of ADT, 23 (41%) have not experienced progression as of their last follow-up. The median TTP is 34 months from treatment initiation (maximum, 74 months free from progression). Conclusion Chemotherapy plus ADT was feasible for early prostate cancer relapse. Forty-one percent of men who are at least 1 year after completion of ADT with recovered testosterone have not experienced progression. This approach is being tested in a randomized trial with investigation of predictors of response.
Chemodectoma in the Region of the Aortic Arch
Authors: D. W. Smithers, N. F. C. Gowing
Journal: Thorax (1965)

A morphological study of the carotid bodies led de Castro (1926Castro ( , 1928) ) to suggest the chemoreceptor function of these structures.His ideas were con- firmed by Schmidt (1932) and by Heymans and Bouckaert (1933).Bodies or glomera had been described at several sites long before their function became known.They are aggregates of chemo- receptor cells and are now acknowledged to have a wider distribution than was at first supposed; they have been described in the limbs, in the abdomen, and in the orbit, as well as in the com- moner sites shown in Table I.Mulligan suggested in 1950 that a tumour of the chemoreceptors should be called a 'chemodectoma'.
Ulcerative colitis disease activity following treatment of associated primary sclerosing cholangitis with cyclosporin.
Authors: W J Sandborn, R H Wiesner, W J Tremaine, N F Larusso
Journal: Gut (1993)

Thirty five adult patients with precirrhotic primary sclerosing cholangitis were randomly allocated to treatment for at least one year with low dose (4.1 mg/kg/day) cyclosporin or placebo in a double blind trial. Thirty patients had coexisting ulcerative colitis, including three who had previously undergone colectomy and one who discontinued treatment after three months. Of the remaining 26 patients, 16 received cyclosporin and 10 received placebo. Endoscopy was performed at entry to confirm the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. The ulcerative colitis disease activity was prospectively classified annually as remission/mild, moderate, or severe using the Truelove and Witt9s criteria. Before treatment there were no differences between the cyclosporin and placebo groups in the number of patients with remission/mild colitis, 14/16 (88%) v 9/10 (90%), and moderate colitis, 2/16 (12%) v 1/10 (10%). During treatment, a remission/mild disease course was present in 15/16 (94%) v 6/10 (60%), p = 0.05 and a moderate disease course in 1/16 (6%) v 4/10 (40%), p = 0.05. It is concluded that patients treated with cyclosporin for primary sclerosing cholangitis who have coexisting ulcerative colitis have a more benign course of colitis resulting both from improvement of moderately active colitis and from fewer flares of remission/mildly active colitis. These findings suggest that cyclosporin may be of benefit to the colon in patients with ulcerative colitis who are being treated with cyclosporin for primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Prognostic value of anti-dsDNA in SLE.
Authors: A J Swaak, J Groenwold, L A Aarden, L W Statius van Eps, E W Feltkamp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

In a prospective longitudinal study 130 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied at least monthly for a relationship between the anti-dsDNA levels and disease activity. We observed 13 patients who developed 15 periods of exacerbations of their disease. All 15 exacerbations were preceded by a continuous increase of the anti-dsDNA levels. In 13 of the 15 exacerbations studied the exacerbation was preceded by an increase of anti-dsDNA with a doubling time (T2) of less than 6 weeks; in 4 of the 5 other exacerbations the T2 was less than 10 weeks. Four other patients with an increase of the anti-dsDNA levels showed no exacerbation. In these 4 patients the T2 was larger than 10 weeks. The other 113 patients did not show an increase of anti-dsDNA over the 2 years of monitoring and showed no signs of serious disease activity (no major symptoms). These observations suggest that an SLE patient who is followed up frequently and who shows a continuous increase of anti-dsDNA witha T2 shorter than 10 weeks is bound to develop an exacerbation.
Smoking, the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and ACPA fine-specificity in Koreans with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for more than one pathogenic pathway linking smoking to disease
Authors: Benjamin A Fisher, So-Young Bang, Muslima Chowdhury, Hye-Soon Lee, Jae-Hoon Kim, Peter Charles, Patrick Venables, Sang-Cheol Bae
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Data from North European rheumatoid arthritis (RA) populations has suggested a particularly strong association of gene-environment interaction between smoking and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) with antibodies to citrullinated α-enolase (CEP-1) and vimentin (cVim) peptides. We investigated this further by examining anticitrullinated peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) fine specificity in a Korean cohort, where there are notable differences in the RA-associated HLA-DRB1 alleles.Antibodies to fibrinogen (cFib), α-enolase (CEP-1) and vimentin (cVim) peptides and cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) were measured in 513 cases. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare antibody levels. Logistic regression generated ORs for RA in a case-control analysis with 1101 controls. Association of ACPA status and erosion in patients with RA was examined by logistic regression.Anti-CCP, CEP-1, cVim and fibrinogen peptides were found in 86.7%, 63.9%, 45.5% and 74.7%, respectively. The number of ACPA and their levels were associated with SE, with evidence of a gene-dosage effect. There was a particular association of smoking with levels of anti-CEP-1. However, a gene-environment interaction was associated with all the ACPA positive subgroups, albeit the highest OR was seen with the anti-CCP+/cVim+ subset. In the absence of SE, smoking only conferred risk for anti-CCP negative subsets. The presence of erosions was not associated with the number of positive ACPA or specificity.The SE governed the magnitude and diversity of the ACPA response, but its interaction with smoking did not exclusively segregate with any of the ACPA specificities studied here. Smoking was associated with RA by SE-dependent and independent effects.
Role of<i>CD14</i>Promoter Polymorphisms in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection–Related Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Dan Zhao, Tong Sun, Xuemei Zhang, Yongli Guo, Dianke Yu, Ming Yang, Wen Tan, Guiqi Wang, Dongxin Lin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Genetic variation in CD14 may affect CD14 expression and susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection–related cancers. This study examined functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CD14 promoter and their associations with risk of developing gastric carcinoma in relation to H. pylori infection. Experimental Design: Thirty individual DNAs were sequenced to identify variants, and the function of the variants was examined by reporter gene assays. Genotypes and haplotypes were analyzed in 470 patients and 470 controls, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by logistic regression. Serologic H. pylori antibody and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Two SNPs (−651C&amp;gt;T and −260C&amp;gt;T) were identified, of which the −260CT and −260TT genotypes were associated with elevated risk of gastric carcinoma (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.09-2.85 and OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.20-3.16, respectively). Haplotype analysis suggested a synergistic effect of the two SNPs (OR for the T−651-T−260 haplotype, 3.39 versus OR for the C−651-T−260 haplotype, 1.45; P = 0.02), which is consistent with reporter gene assays. A multiplicative joint effect between H. pylori infection and −260C&amp;gt;T polymorphism was observed (OR for the presence of both −260TT genotype and H. pylori infection, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.80-9.04). Patients had significantly higher sCD14 than controls (1,866 ± 2,535 ng/mL versus 1,343 ± 2,119 ng/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.001), and this difference was associated with the CD14 −260 polymorphism and H. pylori infection. Conclusions: Functional polymorphism in CD14 is associated with greater risk of H. pylori–related gastric carcinoma, which might be mediated by elevated sCD14.
Application of Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models in Clinical Practice
Authors: Susan M. Domchek, Andrea Eisen, Kathleen Calzone, Jill Stopfer, Anne Blackwood, Barbara L. Weber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Breast cancer risk assessment provides an estimation of disease risk that can be used to guide management for women at all levels of risk. In addition, the likelihood that breast cancer risk is due to specific genetic susceptibility (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations) can be determined. Recent developments have reinforced the clinical importance of breast cancer risk assessment. Tamoxifen chemoprevention as well as prevention studies such as the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene are available to women at increased risk of developing breast cancer. In addition, specific management strategies are now defined for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Risk may be assessed as the likelihood of developing breast cancer (using risk assessment models) or as the likelihood of detecting a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (using prior probability models). Each of the models has advantages and disadvantages, and all need to be interpreted in context. We review available risk assessment tools and discuss their application. As illustrated by clinical examples, optimal counseling may require the use of several models, as well as clinical judgment, to provide the most accurate and useful information to women and their families.
Intravenous Erythropoietin in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Samer S. Najjar, Sunil V. Rao, Chiara Melloni, Subha V. Raman, Thomas J. Povsic, Laura Melton, Gregory W. Barsness, Kristi Prather, John F. Heitner, Rakhi Kilaru, Luis Gruberg, Vic Hasselblad, Adam B. Greenbaum, Manesh Patel, Raymond J. Kim, Mark Talan, Luigi Ferrucci, Dan L. Longo, Edward G. Lakatta, Robert A. Harrington
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In experimental models of MI, erythropoietin reduces infarct size and improves left ventricular (LV) function.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single intravenous bolus of epoetin alfa in patients with STEMI.A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a dose-escalation safety phase and a single dose (60,000 U of epoetin alfa) efficacy phase; the Reduction of Infarct Expansion and Ventricular Remodeling With Erythropoietin After Large Myocardial Infarction (REVEAL) trial was conducted at 28 US sites between October 2006 and February 2010, and included 222 patients with STEMI who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as a primary or rescue reperfusion strategy.Participants were randomly assigned to treatment with intravenous epoetin alfa or matching saline placebo administered within 4 hours of reperfusion.Infarct size, expressed as percentage of LV mass, assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging performed 2 to 6 days after study medication administration (first CMR) and again 12 ± 2 weeks later (second CMR).In the efficacy cohort, the infarct size did not differ between groups on either the first CMR scan (n = 136; 15.8% LV mass [95% confidence interval {CI}, 13.3-18.2% LV mass] for the epoetin alfa group vs 15.0% LV mass [95% CI, 12.6-17.3% LV mass] for the placebo group; P = .67) or on the second CMR scan (n = 124; 10.6% LV mass [95% CI, 8.4-12.8% LV mass] vs 10.4% LV mass [95% CI, 8.5-12.3% LV mass], respectively; P = .89). In a prespecified analysis of patients aged 70 years or older (n = 21), the mean infarct size within the first week (first CMR) was larger in the epoetin alfa group (19.9% LV mass; 95% CI, 14.0-25.7% LV mass) than in the placebo group (11.7% LV mass; 95% CI, 7.2-16.1% LV mass) (P = .03). In the safety cohort, of the 125 patients who received epoetin alfa, the composite outcome of death, MI, stroke, or stent thrombosis occurred in 5 (4.0%; 95% CI, 1.31%-9.09%) but in none of the 97 who received placebo (P = .04).In patients with STEMI who had successful reperfusion with primary or rescue PCI, a single intravenous bolus of epoetin alfa within 4 hours of PCI did not reduce infarct size and was associated with higher rates of adverse cardiovascular events. Subgroup analyses raised concerns about an increase in infarct size among older patients.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00378352.
Transcription Repressor<i>Slug</i>Promotes Carcinoma Invasion and Predicts Outcome of Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jin-Yuan Shih, Meng-Feng Tsai, Tzu-Hua Chang, Yih-Leong Chang, Ang Yuan, Chong-Jen Yu, Shin-Bey Lin, Geou-Yarh Liou, Meng-Larn Lee, Jeremy J.W. Chen, Tse-Ming Hong, Shuenn-Chen Yang, Jen-Liang Su, Yung-Chie Lee, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: In a previous genome-wide gene expression profiling analysis using an invasion cancer cell lines model, we have identified Slug as selectively overexpressed in the highly invasive cancer cells. Here, we investigated the clinical significance of Slug in lung adenocarcinoma and the role of Slug in the process of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Experimental Design: Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to investigate Slug mRNA in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma of 54 patients and its correlation with survival. We overexpressed Slug in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line with very low Slug levels and investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of Slug expression. Results: High expression of Slug mRNA in lung cancer tissue was significantly associated with postoperative relapse (P = 0.03) and shorter patient survival (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The overexpression of Slug enhanced xenograft tumor growth and increased microvessel counts in angiogenesis assay. Both inducible and constitutive overexpression of Slug suppressed the expression of E-cadherin and increased the in vitro invasive ability. Zymography revealed increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in Slug overexpressed cells. ELISA, reverse transcription-PCR, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the increase of matrix metalloproteinase-2 proteins and mRNA in Slug overexpressed cells and xenograft tumors. Conclusions: Slug expression can predict the clinical outcome of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Slug is a novel invasion-promoting gene in lung adenocarcinoma.