tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography: defining requirements under controlled conditions in the ejecting canine left ventricle.
Authors: J L Weiss, L W Eaton, C H Kallman, W L Maughan
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular volume measurement in an isolated heart preparation was tested using Simpson's reconstruction of progressively fewer short-axis cross sections of known location. Echocardiographic images from five ejecting hearts submerged in a special tank were obtained under conditions designed for maximal accuracy of echocardiographic volume assessment. Echocardiographic determinations of 52 volumes at various times throughout the cardiac cycle were compared, by least-squares linear regression, with simultaneous direct-volume measurements by volumetric chamber (range 9.4-44.8 ml). Echocardiographic and direct measurements correlated well for all numbers of cross sections from 1-19 (r = 0.84-0.97); however, variability of direct volume predicted from a given echocardiographic measurement increased nonlinearly as the number of cross sections per heart decreased, and was especially large when three or fewer cross sections were used (SEE = 4.6-7 ml). The accuracy of echocardiographic measures was compared for each number of cross sections per heart, varying from one to 19; accuracy was defined as the mean absolute difference between echocardiographic and direct measurements of volume, ejection fraction, and maximal rate of ejection. The accuracy of echocardiographic measurements was significantly reduced with fewer than four cross sections per heart for ventricular volume, three cross sections for ejection fraction, and five cross sections for maximal rate of ejection. In light of what appears to be required for accurate echocardiographic volume measurement in this controlled, ejecting, noninfarcted, in vitro preparation, additional cross sections may be required in intact animals and human subjects, especially in those with diseases that cause ventricular asymmetry or regional dysfunction.
Four Salmoncellae Collected during a Fornight's Contineantal Holiday
Authors: M. E. M. Thomas, J. Cowlard
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDIBCAISHRNA,The spleen may remain palpable in glandular fever for ten weeks4 and it has also been recorded as persisting in a child aged 6 weeks for two months.5The spleen in glandular fever is very soft and very friable, and it is apparent that spontaneous rupture can occur and even more so that minimal injury may produce rupture.In the case report by Spink' spontaneous rupture was considered to be due mainly to pressure from within the abdomen and not from pressure without.The patient in that case had denied any injury.
Proteomic profiling of cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnostic potential of SELDI-TOF MS in malignant bile duct stricture
Authors: Christopher J. Scarlett, Alex J. Saxby, AiQun Nielsen, Cameron Bell, Jaswinder S. Samra, Thomas Hugh, Robert C. Baxter, Ross C. Smith
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Proteomic techniques promise to improve the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) in both tissue and serum as histological diagnosis and existing serum markers exhibit poor sensitivities. We explored the use of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to identify potential protein biomarkers of CC. Twenty-two resected CC samples were compared with adjacent noninvolved bile duct tissue. Serum from patients with CC (n=20) was compared with patients with benign disease (n=20), and healthy volunteers (n=25). Samples were analyzed on hydrophobic protein chips via SELDI-TOF MS, and classification models were developed using logistic regression and cross-validation analysis. Univariate analysis revealed 14 individual peaks differentially expressed between CC and bile duct tissue, 4 peaks between CC and benign disease, and 12 peaks between CC and sera of healthy volunteers. The 4,462 mass-to-charge serum peak had superior discriminatory ability to carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (P=.004; receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area under the curve [AUC]=0.76, 0.73, and 0.70, respectively). The training models developed panels of peaks that distinguished CC from bile duct tissue (92.5% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity; ROC AUC=0.96), CC from benign serum (65.0% sensitivity, 70.0% specificity; ROC AUC=0.83), and CC from sera of healthy volunteers (75.0% sensitivity, 100% specificity; ROC AUC=0.92). Serum results were further improved with the inclusion of CA19.9 and CEA (ROC AUC=0.86 and 0.99 for CC vs benign and healthy volunteer serum, respectively). In conclusion, biomarker panels are capable of distinguishing CC from nonmalignant tissue; serum markers have important diagnostic implications for unknown bile duct stricture.
Banti's Disease
Authors: A. M. Nussey
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Clinicians and research workers were quick to grasp the significance of the discovery of the Rh factors, and their combined labours have shed a flood of light on many hitherto perplexing problems.Not a little of the work was done in the Birmingham Children's Hospital, where Sir Leonard Parsons (1933) and his co-workers helped to establish the essential unity of icterus gravis, haemolytic anaemia of the newborn, and hydrops foetalis, and where the subject of kernicterus was investigated.Even before the role of Rh incompatibility in those conditions became known ever-increasing inquiries were being made into the possibility of haemolytic disease being at the root of otherH~~~~~~~~~~~~~(, $HEPATOMEOALY A SPLEC.iQCrALY OtEO 00 PErZTU5515 AT SWEftS STILLatar.S Ar ?Ea1 (T), '6 l& iC.RESPECriVELY
Mechanism of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy using mouse cDNA microarray
Authors: Shinji Togo, Hirochika Makino, Takatoshi Kobayashi, Tomoyuki Morita, Tetsuya Shimizu, Toru Kubota, Yasushi Ichikawa, Takashi Ishikawa, Yasushi Okazaki, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Hiroshi Shimada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Pseudomonas syringae Effector Protein AvrB Perturbs Arabidopsis Hormone Signaling by Activating MAP Kinase 4
Authors: Haitao Cui, Yujing Wang, Li Xue, Jinfang Chu, Cunyu Yan, Jihong Fu, Mingsheng Chen, Roger W. Innes, Jian-Min Zhou
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Reduced extracellular pH increases endothelin-1 secretion by human renal microvascular endothelial cells.
Authors: D E Wesson, J Simoni, D F Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Because dietary acid increases renal secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) which is synthesized by renal microvascular endothelium, we examined if reduced extracellular pH increases ET-1 secretion by cultured human renal microvascular endothelial cells (RMVECs). Confluent cells were exposed to serum-free media for 24 h, then incubated in either control, acid, or alkaline serum-free media for 12 h. Standard growth media pH was 7.2 after equilibration with 5% CO2 at 37 degrees C and was made the pH of control media. Acid and alkaline media pH were 7.0 and 7.4, respectively. Added Hepes and Tris maintained all assigned pHs. Media ET-1 measured by RIA after column extraction was higher for RMVECs exposed to acid compared with control media (170.0+/-17.1 vs. 64.6+/-9.6 pM, P < 0.004) but those exposed to alkaline media (56.6+/-25.1 pM, P = NS vs. control) were not. Human aortic endothelial cells exposed to control, acid, and alkaline media had similar ET-1 (166.6+/-18.1, 139.3+/-18.5, and 205.9+/-25.3 pM, P = NS). The data show acid-stimulated ET-1 secretion by RMVECs but not aortic endothelial cells, demonstrating a new environmental factor that influences ET-1 secretion by renal microvascular endothelium and thereby possibly modulates endothelin-dependent processes in vivo.
EFFECTS OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS AND ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS BLOCKERS ON CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH OR AT HIGH RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BUT WITHOUT HEART FAILURE. A COMBINED ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Pierluigi Costanzo, John Cleland, Enrico Vassallo, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Older Americans are not as healthy as older Europeans, study says
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Among adults aged 50 to 74, Americans are less healthy than western Europeans, including the English, at almost all wealth levels, and only the richest Americans have the same level of health as their English and other European counterparts. These are some of the findings of a study published in the American Journal of Public Health (2009;99:540-8, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.139469) by authors from the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts; and University College London. They found no difference by sex.

“Americans face a health disadvantage such that no matter what their wealth, their health lags behind that achieved by comparable Europeans. The disadvantage is remarkably pervasive and affects even …
P762Factors influencing coronary remodeling after stenting
Authors: V Cobet, L Ciobanu, E Panfile, I Popovici, V Ivanov, M Popovici
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Aim: Evaluation the gender, inflammation and diabetes mellitus impact on coronary remodeling after stenting by assaying of myocardium infarction (MI), coronary spasm (CS) inducing unstable angina and in-stent restenosis (ISR) or in-stent thrombosis (IST). Material and methods: In study 140 patients (101 men and 38 women) with age range of 42-73 years exposed to coronary stenting due to marked coronary stentosis have been taken. After coronary stenting (PCI) the evidences (MI, CS, ISR and IST) linked to negative coronary remodeling (NCRE) have been assayed using coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Non-specific inflammation markers such as hsCRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were determined using ELISA initially and after PCI during 1 year: 72 h, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: The rate of total NCRE evaluated during 1 year was as 27,86% and it has been markedly higher in men: 31,68% vs 18,42%. To underline that MI and IST have not been observed in women. The pre- and post-PCI levels of circulating inflammation markers were higher in patients with NCRE compared to pts without NCRE (reference pattern). The most pre-PCI difference (61%) was characteristic for hsPCR: 6,89±0,21 vs 4,28±0,11 g/l; p<0,01, and in women this marker was higher by 23,5%. The pre-PCI serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations exceeded reference indices by 27-32,5%. In first 72 h after PCI a rise till 9,3 g/L of hsCRP was established independently of NCRE risk. However further dynamics showed a higher hsCRP level in pts with NCRE after 6 (6,34±0,19 vs 4,17±0,12 g/l; p<0,01) and 12 months (6,76±0,17 vs 3,42±0,16 g/l; p<0,01), and women had more raised values. Elevated serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in pts with CNRE were fixed especially after 72 h, 1 and 6 months. Diabetes mellitus was established in 33 from 140 pts. Among them the NCRE incidence was significantly higher comparatively to nod-diabetic individuals: 42,42 vs 22,77% (p<0,01). Remarkably that inflammation markers levels, predominantly hsCRP, have been higher in diabetes mellitus, especially in women, although men have increased risk of NCRE. Conclusions: (1) Gender influences negative coronary remodeling after stenting, men being more susceptible to MI, CS, ISR and IST evolution averagely as 1,72:1. (2) Inflammation is closely linked to coronary remodeling after stenting, and pre-PCI level may be a predictor of NCRE risk. (3) Diabetes mellitus amplifies inflammation impact on CNRE risk mostly in men.
Orthopaedics in the UK is ahead of proposed regulations for incremental innovation in medical devices
Authors: J. R. Phillips, P. James
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nieuwenhuijse and colleagues’ article on the evidence base for introducing new implants in joint replacement along with Kesselheim and Rajan’s accompanying editorial on regulating incremental innovation in medical devices may engender concern in the wider medical community that new orthopaedic devices lack regulation.1 2 However, steps have already been taken in …
Abnormal Hair Growth in a Patient With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With the Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody Cetuximab
Authors: Clara Montagut, Juan J. Grau, Ramon Grimalt, Jordi Codony, Juan Ferrando, Joan Albanell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

IL-1RN*2/2, eight of 88 patients for IL-1RN*1/2, and 27 of 88 patients for IL-1RN*1/1.Thus, in our trial, only the frequency of the genotype IL-1RN *2/2 was increased (58 v 8%) whereas the frequency of the homozygous genotype IL-1RN*1/1 was even decreased in early-stage gastric cancer (31% v 45%).][4][5][6] Cases with early-stage gastric cancer were selected retrospectively from the tumor bank of one institution led by a coauthor (M.S.), and comprise all accessible cases from 1993 to 2003.In addition, Drs Graziano and Ruzzo mentioned the difference in the average age between controls and patients.We certainly concede an age-dependent probability for the occurrence of gastric cancer.However, the difference between the incidences in both groups is too small to impact the conclusions of our study and similar age differences have also been reported in preceding trials. 3,4,6e acknowledge that the unknown H pylori status of the blood donors might hamper the interpretation of our results.In previous studies, 2-6 various linkage disequilibria have been observed between the IL-1B and the IL-1RN loci.In our study, such a linkage disequilibrium was only observed in the subgroup with the intestinal type of early gastric cancer but not in the remainder of patients.We certainly agree with Drs Graziano and Ruzzo that our data have to await confirmation and extension in independent trials, which should ideally compare early and advanced stages of gastric cancer in a prospective manner to avoid premature and exaggerated conclusions.In our opinion, this precaution is particularly relevant in genetic association studies.
Pathology of stable and unstable angina pectoris.
Authors: R B Guthrie, Z Vlodaver, D M Nicoloff, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The clinical and pathological data from 46 patients who died during or shortly after coronary bypass surgery and one patient who died shortly after angiography were studied. Each patient was placed into one of three clinical categories of angina pectoris. Twelve were classified as having unstable angina pectoris, 20 as stable severe angina, and 15 as stable moderate angina. No significant difference was found between the three catagories whem age, sex, presence of hypertension, lipid abnormalities, diabetes, smoking, family history of myocardial infarction, or history of previous mycardial infarction were examined. Most patients in all classes of angina had extensive atherosclerotic coronary disease: 12 patients had triple vessel plus left main disease; 25, triple vessel disease; nine double vessel disease; and only one, single vessel disease. There was no difference in severity or distribution of coronary disease when the three catagories of angina were compared. Thirty-six of the 47 patients had evidence of scarring of one or more aspects of the left ventricular wall. There was likewise no significant difference between extent and distribution of myocardial scarring between the three clinical categories. Four of the 12 patients with unstable angina pectoris had pathologic evidence of preoperative myocardial infarction, whereas this was not found in any of the 35 patients with stable angina.
Synthetic CD4+ T Cell–Targeted Antigen-Presenting Cells Elicit Protective Antitumor Responses
Authors: Stefano Caserta, Patrizia Alessi, Jlenia Guarnerio, Veronica Basso, Anna Mondino
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract CD4+ helper T cells are critical for protective immune responses and yet suboptimally primed in response to tumors. Cell-based vaccination strategies are under evaluation in clinical trials but limited by the need to derive antigen-presenting cells (APC) from patients or compatible healthy donors. To overcome these limitations, we developed CD4+ T cell–targeted synthetic microbead-based artificial APC (aAPC) and used them to activate CD4+ T lymphocytes specific for a tumor-associated model antigen (Ag) directly from the naive repertoire. In vitro, aAPC specifically primed Ag-specific CD4+ T cells that were activated to express high levels of CD44, produced mainly interleukin 2, and could differentiate into Th1-ike or Th2-like cells in combination with polarizing cytokines. I.v. administration of aAPC led to Ag-specific CD4+ T-cell activation and proliferation in secondary lymphoid organs, conferred partial protection against subcutaneous tumors, and prevented the establishment of lung metastasis. Taken together, our data support the use of cell-free, synthetic aAPC as a specific and versatile alternative to expand peptide-specific CD4+ T cells in adoptive and active immunotherapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):3010–8]
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, vols 1 &amp;amp; 2
Authors: Ann Ouyang
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This comprehensive review of the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract is now in its third edition. It has been seven years since the publication of the second edition, years of remarkable growth of knowledge in the field, with the demonstration of new neurotransmitters, inflammatory mediators, and structural compounds along with a broadening of our understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of the gastrointestinal tract. The goal of this book is, as modestly noted by the editor-in-chief, to "collect in one set of volumes the most up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge" in the field. Have the editors achieved this goal? They have gathered world-recognized experts in each area to write the chapters, and the breadth of the reviews and extensive literature citations remain outstanding features. The chapters are well organized and well written, with a few references in 1993 cited in some. This is quite commendable, considering the likely delay between
A CASE OF EPITHELIOMA OF THE FACE.TREATED BY THE ACTUAL CAUTERY, THE X-RAY AND BY INCISION.
Authors: J. H. WOODWARD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The subject of preservatives, however, is also of interest in connection with medicines and medicinal preparations.The antiseptic action of alcohol, glycerin, sugar and of volatile oils is well known and generally recognized, while not of sufficient importance to be considered in connection with general disin- fection, these substances are widely used as preservatives not alone for medicinal preparations and foods, but also for other substances and materials.(To be continued.)
Right ventricular performance during increased afterload impaired by hypercapnic acidosis in conscious dogs.
Authors: C E Rose, K Van Benthuysen, J T Jackson, C E Tucker, D L Kaiser, R F Grover, J V Weil
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Since heart failure may occur in the setting of lung dysfunction and CO2 retention with only modest increases in cardiac work load, we questioned whether myocardial function is impaired by hypercapnic acidosis. To determine the influence of hypercapnic acidosis on right ventricular function, we measured the effects of acute (2 hours) and chronic (2 weeks) hypercapnic acidosis on right ventricular performance during normal and increased right ventricular afterload in five conscious dogs. Systemic hemodynamic and right ventricular functions were unaltered during normal right ventricular afterload by acute hypercapnic acidosis (PaCO2 = 49 +/- 3 mm Hg, pH = 7.27 +/- 0.003). As right ventricular afterload was increased by progressive balloon occlusion of the right ventricular outflow tract during acute hypercapnic acidosis, the rise (slope) in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was increased 4-fold (P less than 0.01) over that observed in normocapnic control. Maximum isovolumic right ventricular dP/dt rose (P less than 0.05) comparably with increasing right ventricular afterload during normocapnic control and acute hypercapnic acidosis. Chronic hypercapnic acidosis (PaCO2 = 55 +/- 2 mm Hg, pH = 7.28 +/- 0.01) resulted in systemic vasodilation and increased (P less than 0.05) heart rate and cardiac output during normal right ventricular afterload. As right ventricular afterload was increased during chronic hypercapnic acidosis, the rate of rise in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 2-fold (P less than 0.01) above normocapnic control but maximum isovolumic right ventricular dP/dt was unchanged in contrast to normocapnic control and acute hypercapnic acidosis. Moreover, cardiac output fell and stroke work was unchanged with increasing afterload during chronic hypercapnic acidosis. beta-Adrenergic blockade resulted in an increased (P less than 0.01) rate of rise in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure with afterload during normocapnic control and chronic hypercapnic acidosis. We conclude that hypercapnic acidosis results in diminished right ventricular performance during increased right ventricular afterload, evidenced by accentuated rise in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and may contribute to the congestive heart failure and edema observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension and CO2 retention.
A Role for Practicing Physicians in Basic Medical Science Education
Authors: Daniel K. Bloomfield
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Innovation in medical education is becoming commonplace. Responding to pressures from both within and without, medical schools are (1) reducing the training period, (2) giving attention to relevance, (3) introducing more independent learning and multi-track systems, and (4) increasing involvement with communities and their hospitals. There is little evidence, however, that any of these changes are enhancing the medical education role of the physician in full-time practice, much less his continuing education. On the contrary, with more salaried positions in medical education and more full-time physician control of community hospitals, the practicing physician's role in health education and delivery is becoming less important day by day. Note the paradox that we in medical education write off a huge asset of practicing talent as unsuitable for participation in medical education while at the same time we complain of the tight fiscal policies of government. To extend the paradox even further, when
School Epidemic of Measles
Authors: L. R. Lempriere
Journal: BMJ (1939)

BRITISHpersistent phlegmasia (twenty-one cases) ; chronic arthritis and rheumatism (eleven) ; recurrent tonsillitis (six); urticaria (two); chronic iritis (two); and chronic endocarditis (two).They had in common the fact that there was no history or record of their existence before the puerperal infection.Some were the easily recognizable direct result of the original illness, as, for example, per- sistent swelling of the legs and fixed joints resulting from septic arthritis.In the others a reasonable theory of origin could be traced in the existence, in all, of a focus of sepsis in the reproductive system. BacteriologyIn the great majority of patients the infecting organism at the primary puerperal illness was the Streptococcus haemnolyticus, but in no instance did bacteriological examination demonstrate this organism in the vagina at the time of the investigation. Summary and ConclusionsAn investigation into the maternal morbidity following puerperal sepsis, and the resulting disability, is made in a series of 200 cases.In only a small percentage of cases is the subsequent health of patients recovering from puerperal sepsis severely affected; but some mild invalidism is to be expected.Prominent gynaecological sequelae to puerperal sepsis would appear to be sterility, increased incidence of abortion, and a higher incidence of puerperal sepsis affecting future confinements.Chronic infective lesions of the reproductive organs were commonly found as a direct result of primary puerperal infection, while many affections outside the reproductive tract appeared to bear a definite aetiological relationship to the original infection.