tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asbestos in drinking water: a Canadian view.
Authors: P Toft, M E Meek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

For several years now, public health professionals have been faced with evaluating the potential hazards associated with the ingestion of asbestos in food and drinking water. In Canada, this is a subject of particular concern, because of the widespread occurrence of chrysotile asbestos in drinking water supplies. The results of available Canadian monitoring and epidemiologic studies of asbestos in drinking water are reviewed and discussed in light of other published work. It is concluded that the risk to health associated with the ingestion of asbestos, at the levels found in municipal drinking water supplies, is so small that it cannot be detected by currently available epidemiologic techniques.
Anticholinergic effects of common drugs are associated with increased mortality in over 65s
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The combined anticholinergic effects of many common drugs increase the risk of cognitive impairment and death in people aged over 65, a large scale study of the long term effect of drugs on health has found.

Taking just two drugs with anticholinergic effects, such as some drugs for heart disease, antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and even warfarin, can treble the risk of death in the over 65s. Doctors have been advised to assess the combined anticholinergic burden of all drugs that a patient is taking—prescribed drugs and those bought over the counter—before prescribing any additional ones. GPs have also been reminded of the importance of regularly reviewing patients’ drugs.

The study, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society on Friday (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03491.x/abstract), looked at the prescribed drugs and drugs bought over the counter taken by more than 13 000 people aged over 65 in the …
Reduction of Cardiac Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity in Experimental Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: PETER E. POOL, JAMES W. COVELL, MORTON LEVITT, JAMES GIBB, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Although it is clear that cardiac norepinephrine stores are often markedly reduced in congestive heart failure, the mechanism responsible for this depletion has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate cardiac synthesis of norepinephrine in experimental right-sided heart failure by measuring the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine. In homogenates of the right ventricles of 6 dogs with congestive heart failure and 2 with chronic cardiac denervation, myocardial tyrosine hydroxylase activity was severely reduced, averaging 0.4 ± 0.1 (SE) and 0.2 mµmole/g per hour respectively as compared to a normal value of 3.3 ± 0.7 mµmole/g per hour. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity was normal in reserpine-treated, norepinephrine-depleted dogs. These data provide evidence for a mechanism severely limiting norepinephrine biosynthesis in congestive heart failure.
Sympathomimetic drugs and repolarization of ventricular myocardium of the dog
Authors: H. V. Sparks, M. Hollenberg, S. Carriere, D. Funkenstein, R. M. Zakheim, A. C. Barger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Sympathomimetic drugs infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery of unanaesthetized dogs produce two distinct electrocardiographic responses. Compounds with two or three hydroxyl groups cause depressed ST segments and tall peaked T waves of precordial leads. Agents with one or no hydroxyl group, or with an oxymethyl group, cause coved ST segments and inverted T waves. The tall peaked T wave elicited by noradrenaline is associated with an increased rate of fall of phase 3 of the monophasic action potential of openchest animals, whereas the inverted T wave is associated with a decreased rate of fall of phase 3.
Acute suppression of TGF-ß with local, sustained release of tranilast against the formation of fibrous capsules around silicone implants
Authors: Subin Park, Min Park, Byung Hwi Kim, Ji Eun Lee, Hyo Jin Park, Seung Ho Lee, Chun Gwon Park, Myung Hun Kim, Ryul Kim, Eun Hee Kim, Chan Yeong Heo, Young Bin Choy
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Secondary to Pulmonary Hypertension Is Linked to Rat Chromosome 17
Authors: Lan Zhao, Abdelkrim Sebkhi, Derek J. R. Nunez, Lu Long, Christopher S. Haley, Josiane Szpirer, Claude Szpirer, Alan J. Williams, Martin R. Wilkins
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Fischer 344 (F344) rats are relatively resistant to hypoxia-induced right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy compared with the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain. These 2 strains were used to examine the genetic basis for the differential response. Methods and Results —Male F 2 offspring from an F344×WKY intercross were exposed to hypoxia (10% O 2 ) for 3 weeks, and pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac chamber weights were measured. Genomic DNA was screened by use of polymorphic microsatellite markers across the whole genome (excluding the sex chromosomes). A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for RV weight was identified on rat chromosome 17 (lod score 6.5) that accounted for 22% of the total variance of RV weight in the F 2 population and was independent of pulmonary artery pressure. The peak was centered over marker D17Rat41, close to Chrm3 , with a 1-lod support interval of 5 cM. Comparison of homologous regions in mice and humans suggested that Ryr2, the cardiac isoform of the ryanodine receptor, colocalizes with our QTL. A panel of somatic cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization mapped Ryr2 close to the gene Chrm3 within our QTL. [ 3 H]Ryanodine binding to cardiac membranes from the parental strains showed a 21% reduction in B max in the WKY compared with the F344 strain, with no difference in K d . Conclusions —These data provide the first demonstration of a QTL linked to the RV response to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. The Ryr2 receptor gene lies within this QTL and merits further investigation as a candidate for this differential RV response.
Albumin nanoparticles targeted with Apo E enter the CNS by transcytosis and are delivered to neurones
Authors: Anja Zensi, David Begley, Charles Pontikis, Celine Legros, Larisa Mihoreanu, Sylvia Wagner, Claudia Büchel, Hagen von Briesen, Jörg Kreuter
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Hemopexin from four species inhibits the association of heme with cultured hepatoma cells or primary rat hepatocytes exhibiting a small number of species specific hemopexin receptors
Authors: Shigeru Taketani, Stephan Immenschuh, Sien Go, Peter R. Sinclair, Richard J. Stockert, Heng H. Liem, Ursula Muller Eberhard
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hemopexin (Hx) binds heme with a very high affinity (Kd<0.1 pmol/L). It has been implicated as a major vehicle for the transport of heme into liver cells, involving a receptor-mediated recycling mechanism. However, previous studies indicated that heme is not taken up by cultured embryonic chick or adult rat hepatocytes by such a mechanism, because heme added as heme hemopexin failed to affect heme-responsive activities of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase and heme oxygenase. Here, we investigated the importance of hemopexin in hepatic heme uptake in cultured rat hepatocytes and human HepG2 hepatoma cells, and determined the number and species specificity of hemopexin receptors on the rat hepatocytes. We also tested whether there is a difference between heterologous and homologous hemopexins. We found the following: 1) heme is inhibited from associating with hepatocytes by apo hemopexins from rat, human, rabbit, and chicken; 2) heme readily associates with hepatocytes when heme hemopexin preparations are added in which the ratio of heme to hemopexin exceeds 1.0; 3) heme induces heme oxygenase mRNA in rat hepatocytes and this induction is prevented by excess hemopexin; and 4) rat hepatocytes exhibit only about 2,000 hemopexin receptors per cell when using rat hemopexin, and none when using hemopexin of rabbit and human. We conclude that hemopexin plays a limited role in heme uptake by cultured hepatocytes and hepatoma cells, and that heme which exceeds the hemopexin binding capacity is taken up directly from heme-albumin.
Lung Involvement in Influenza
Authors: J. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1951)

BRmSH f ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURN4ALthat this type of pneumonia was introduced to Great Britain during the war and that its incidence has increased since 1944.Finally it must be remembered that serological diagnoses in pneumonia are made retrospectively.The results are not available in time to assist in immediate diagnosis or to act as a therapeutic guide.Decisions about the management of a case will often have to be made on clinical grounds alone, bearing in mind, of course, that other factors besides a virus cause may account for failuLre to respond to penicillin or sulphonamides.Summary 110 cases of pneumonia admitted to Hammersmith Hospital between October, 1949, and September, 1950, were fully investigated from the aetiological point of view.In 58 cases laboratory investigations provided specific aetiological evidence-29 were pneumococcal, 10 staphylo- coccal, 4 tuberculous, and 10 associated with significant titres of cold agglutinins.There were two cases of Q fever and three doubtful cases of psittacosis.Eleven cases, scattered among the other aetiological groups, showed sero- logical evidence of recent infection with the virus of influenza B.In 52 cases no specific aetiological agent was identified, but 21 of these had had chemotherapy before admission.Reasons are given for suggesting that in these 52 cases there were few, if any, attributable to any specific but as yet unidentified aetiological agent.The clinical aspezts of the various aetiological groups are discussed.The bacteriological investigations, on which so much depended
Boolean implication networks derived from large scale, whole genome microarray datasets
Authors: Debashis Sahoo, David L Dill, Andrew J Gentles, Robert Tibshirani, Sylvia K Plevritis
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract We describe a method for extracting Boolean implications (if-then relationships) in very large amounts of gene expression microarray data. A meta-analysis of data from thousands of microarrays for humans, mice, and fruit flies finds millions of implication relationships between genes that would be missed by other methods. These relationships capture gender differences, tissue differences, development, and differentiation. New relationships are discovered that are preserved across all three species.
EU countries disagree over bioterrorism strategy
Authors: Ben Duncan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

European Union governments are unable to agree a Europe-wide strategy for responding to the threat of bioterrorism.

Some countries are following the US example and stockpiling enough smallpox vaccine to inoculate their entire population. Other countries refuse to contemplate anything more than a targeted vaccination programme. No country currently plans to purchase “second generation” smallpox vaccine.

European vaccine stocks are still based on vaccines dating …
Cutting the drug bill.
Authors: M Lubel, A K Sinha
Journal: BMJ (1977)

spectively on data recorded in a prospective mode in the first instance, before the suspected relationship between the morbidity and the drug had been identified at all.The rest of the patients of the recording practices who are not suffering from the morbidity act as a source for suitable controls.The total morbidity for all patients is available as a standardised base- line.This method for retrospective control studies avoids the need for costly exercises in linking records with prescribing data from other sources.The Birmingham Research Unit of the Royal College of General Practitioners is at present organising a programme for testing certain suspected morbid associations with commonly used drugs, but the system could be available for wider use as a component in any integrated programme for hypothesis testing of this kind.
Lipid Factors in Atherosclerosis
Authors: George J. Schroepfer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE etiology of atherosclerosis presents one of the most challenging problems in modern medical research. Before the last few decades, interest in arteriosclerosis lay chiefly in the field of pathology. Observations of the clinical incidence and post-mortem studies of coronary-artery disease led to the concept that arteriosclerosis was a direct consequence of aging. Recent studies pointing out the not infrequent occurrence of coronary occlusion in young adults1 , 2 have established that, although clinically apparent coronary-artery disease is most common in older persons, it does occur in younger adults in a clinically recognizable form and probably subclinically in the great majority of . . .
Anticoagulant-induced skin necrosis in a patient with hereditary deficiency of protein S
Authors: David Gailani, Eugene P. Reese
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Skin necrosis is a rare but debilitating complication of treatment with vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants such as warfarin. A clinically similar syndrome has been reported less frequently with heparin therapy. We recently managed a thirty-year-old female patient who developed skin necrosis on her left lower extremity while on warfarin for postpartum DVT. The lesions started to develop 48 hr after stopping heparin therapy. Discontinuation of warfarin and reinstitution of heparin was complicated by a rapid decrease in platelet count consistent with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and its associated risk of platelet activation and thrombosis. The diagnosis was supported by the identification of antibodies against heparin/platelet factor 4 complexes in the patient's serum. The platelet count recovered and the patient improved after switching to therapy with the heparinoid danaparoid. Evaluation for a hypercoagulable state revealed a partial deficiency of protein S, a condition that previously was identified in two of her family members. It is not clear if this patient suffered from warfarin-induced skin necrosis, a manifestation of heparin-mediated platelet activation, or a complex condition in which both drugs contributed. HIT may affect 1–3% of patients who receive unfractionated heparin, and this case raises the possibility that heparin may contribute to, or cause, some episodes of skin necrosis attributed to warfarin. Because many patients who develop warfarin-induced skin necrosis have been treated initially with heparin, it would seem prudent to consider HIT in these situations. Am. J. Hematol. 60:231–236, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Combined versus single antituberculosis drugs on the in vitro sensitivity patterns of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
Authors: J Banks, P A Jenkins
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Drug sensitivity tests were performed for ethambutol, rifampicin, streptomycin, and isoniazid both alone and in paired combinations, on 16 strains of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, seven strains of Mycobacterium xenopi, and eight strains of Mycobacterium malmoense. Most strains were resistant to the individual drugs, but all strains of M malmoense, 86% of M xenopi, and 31% of M avium intracellulare were completely suppressed by the lowest concentrations of ethambutol and rifampicin when the two drugs were combined in vitro. Streptomycin combined with ethambutol or with rifampicin in the lowest combined concentrations suppressed 50% and 62% respectively of strains of M malmoense. All strains of M xenopi were suppressed by the lowest combined concentrations of streptomycin with rifampicin. Combinations with isoniazid were less effective. It is postulated that similar effects in vivo might account for the satisfactory clinical response seen in patients with disease caused by these mycobacteria who have received treatment with combinations of standard antituberculosis drugs despite in vitro resistance to the individual agents.
Asian finance crisis threatens vaccinations
Authors: J. Ciment
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The financial crisis in South East Asia is threatening the development of new vaccination programmes.

When the International Vaccine Institute was inaugurated in Seoul, South Korea, in 1997 it was heralded as “the first international United Nations agency” based in the country. But it is threatened by the region's financial crisis—South Korean banks now owe over $150bn (£93bn) in long term debt to foreign and international …
Acute Supraglottic Edema: Silent Death
Authors: Robert P. Gatling
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This letter illustrates the laryngeal lesion in a patient dying with acute supraglottic laryngeal edema following facial burns, and reflects on the consequent quiet, sudden death. Although often spoken and written about, the lesion has seldom been illustrated. Autopsy findings on 41 fatal burn injuries were analyzed in profound detail by the Committee on Pathology of the National Research Council.<sup>1</sup>Also, the findings from six post-mortem examinations were beautifully illustrated by Mallory and Brickley following examination of six Cocoanut Grove disaster victims.<sup>2</sup>The implication of severe facial burns, especially of the "respiratory area" has been stressed,<sup>3</sup>and the effect of inhalation of noxious fumes, flame, and hot air has been extensively reported and discussed. The need to bear in mind constantly the possibility of unforewarned death due to acute supraglottic edema will never cease to exist. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 74-year-old, 65-kg man
Beneficial effects of penicillamine treatment on hereditary avian muscular dystrophy.
Authors: T Chou, E J Hill, E Bartle, K Woolley, V LeQuire, W Olson, R Roelofs, J H Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Hereditary muscular dystrophy in chickens of the New Hampshire strain was treated with penicillamine from the 9th day after hatching to the 425th day. The adult maintenance dose for males was 50 mg/kg per day and for females, 13-65 mg/kg per day. In avian dystrophy, deterioration of the muscle fibers is evidenced in the 2nd mo by an inability of the birds to rise after falling on their backs and by a progressive rigidity of the wings. The drug delayed the onset of symptoms and partially alleviated the debilitating aspects of the disease. Penicillamine produced three major improvements: (a) better righting ability when birds were placed on their backs; (b) greater wing flexibility; (c) and suppression of plasma creatine phosphokinase activity. The results are statistically analyzed and discussed in relationship to Duchenne dystrophy. Normal birds were not affected by penicillamine as judged by these parameters. The rationale for using penicillamine, a sulfhydryl compound with reducing properties, was (a) to attempt to protect essential thiol enzymes in the anabolic and glycolytic pathways against inactivation and (b) to prevent collagen cross-linking and deposition in muscle. Although the precise mechanism of drug action has not been determined. the possible role of penicillamine in mitigating the symptoms of genetic dystrophy in man is under consideration. Further, penicillamine may have a more generalized application i the prevention of contractures in a variety of neuromuscular disorders.
1000–31 Late Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion: Maintained Vessel Patency Improves Global and Regional Left Ventricular Function and Avoids Remodeling
Authors: Nicolas Danchin, Michaël Angioï, Daniel Beurrier, Olivier Tricoche, Yves Juillière, Pierre-Yves Marie, François Cherrier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
PREDICTORS OF IN-HOSPITAL SURVIVAL WITH MEDICAL MANAGEMENT FOR TYPE A ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUBOPTIMAL SURGICAL CANDIDATES
Authors: Jennifer M. Hanna, Rossella Fattori, Dan Gilon, Gilbert Upchurch, Kevin Harris, Eduardo Bossone, Matthias Voehringer, Kevin Greason, Mark Fillinger, Nimesh Desai, Daniel Montgomery, Eric Isselbacher, Christoph Nienaber, Kim Eagle, G. Chad Hughes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
"MATERNITY WARDS IN GENERAL HOSPITALS": A REPLY
Authors: A. J. Skeel
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —Dr. J. B. DeLee states that the article  Maternity Ward of the General Hospital, published in the January 7 issue ofThe Journal, is his reply to resolutions and editorials evoked by his recent publications on the subject. His reply consists of two principal portions:   A series of quotations from various writers expressing their criticisms of modern hospital obstetrics as being more dangerous than home deliveries, and of the general hospital as being less safe, from the obstetric point of view, than the specialized maternity hospital.  A collection by Dr. DeLee and his co-author, Dr. Siedentopf, from apparently all available sources, of a series of so-called puerperal epidemics occurring in hospitals. They stress the fact that thirty-five such epidemics occurred in general hospitals, while only three such epidemics occurred in specialized maternity hospitals.   The Cleveland Hospital Obstetrical Society, organized for the purpose of studying the obstetric
Trace conditioning, awareness, and the propositional nature of associative learning
Authors: Nanxin Li
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract The propositional nature of human associative learning is strongly supported by studies of trace eyeblink and fear conditioning, in which awareness of the contingency of a conditioned stimulus upon an unconditioned stimulus is a prerequisite for successful learning. Studies of animal lesion and human imaging suggest that the hippocampus is critical for establishing functional connections between awareness and trace conditioning.
China's tainted milk scandal spreads around world
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Dozens of countries have banned the sale or imports of dairy products from China. Melamine tainted milk has killed four infants in China and hospitalised tens of thousands of infants and children with kidney problems.

The European Union has banned all baby food containing Chinese milk; France has gone further by banning all foods containing Chinese milk as a precautionary measure. Altogether 24 other countries in Asia, Africa, and South America have imposed bans on some or all Chinese milk products.

The World Health Organization has called on countries to be alert to possible melamine contamination of dairy products sourced in China.

“While breast feeding is the ideal way of providing infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth …