tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms and Consequences of Proton Transport: Edited by T Urushidani, J G Forte, G Sachs. Amsterdam: Kluwer, 2002, b/w, pp 372. ISBN 1-4020-7059-4
Authors: M Parsons
Journal: Gut (2003)

For someone who attended one of the early proton transport meetings and who lived through the era of the discovery of histamine H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors, this volume makes fascinating reading. The elegant application of modern biochemical and molecular biology techniques has increased our knowledge of the intimate working of the proton pump in a remarkable manner. The book, written by key players in the field, describes, to use a hackneyed phrase, the cutting edge research that is being undertaken. The contributions are not restricted to proton transport but address the K+ and Cl− channels in the parietal cell and the …
Expression of LIM kinase 1 is associated with reversible G1/S phase arrest, chromosomal instability and prostate cancer
Authors: Monica Davila, Darshana Jhala, Debashis Ghosh, William E Grizzle, Ratna Chakrabarti
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

Abstract Background LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1), a LIM domain containing serine/threonine kinase, modulates actin dynamics through inactivation of the actin depolymerizing protein cofilin. Recent studies have indicated an important role of LIMK1 in growth and invasion of prostate and breast cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanism whereby LIMK1 induces tumor progression is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of ectopic expression of LIMK1 on cellular morphology, cell cycle progression and expression profile of LIMK1 in prostate tumors. Results Ectopic expression of LIMK1 in benign prostatic hyperplasia cells (BPH), which naturally express low levels of LIMK1, resulted in appearance of abnormal mitotic spindles, multiple centrosomes and smaller chromosomal masses. Furthermore, a transient G1/S phase arrest and delayed G2/M progression was observed in BPH cells expressing LIMK1. When treated with chemotherapeutic agent Taxol, no metaphase arrest was noted in these cells. We have also noted increased nuclear staining of LIMK1 in tumors with higher Gleason Scores and incidence of metastasis. Conclusion Our results show that increased expression of LIMK1 results in chromosomal abnormalities, aberrant cell cycle progression and alteration of normal cellular response to microtubule stabilizing agent Taxol; and that LIMK1 expression may be associated with cancerous phenotype of the prostate.
Prevalence, Severity, and Impact of Symptoms on Female Family Caregivers of Patients at the Initiation of Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Barbara Swore Fletcher, Steven M. Paul, Marylin J. Dodd, Karen Schumacher, Claudia West, Bruce Cooper, Kathryn Lee, Bradley Aouizerat, Patrick Swift, William Wara, Christine A. Miaskowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

In a sample of family caregivers (FCs) of patients with prostate cancer who were to begin radiation therapy (RT), the purposes were to determine the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue; determine the relationships among these symptoms and between these symptoms and functional status and quality of life (QOL); evaluate for differences in functional status and QOL between FCs with low and high levels of these symptoms; and determine which factors predicted FCs' functional status and QOL.FCs were recruited before patients initiated RT and completed self-report questionnaires that evaluated demographic characteristics, symptoms, functional status, and QOL.Sixty female FCs participated in the study. On the basis of established cut point scores for each symptom questionnaire, 12.2% of the FCs had clinically meaningful levels of depression, 40.7% anxiety, 15.0% pain, 36.7% sleep disturbance, 33.3% morning fatigue, and 30.0% evening fatigue. FCs who were older and who had lower levels of state anxiety and higher levels of depression, morning fatigue, and pain reported significantly poorer functional status (R(2) = 38.7%). FCs who were younger, had more years of education, were working, and who had higher levels of depression, morning fatigue, sleep disturbance, and lower levels of evening fatigue reported significantly lower QOL scores (R(2) = 70.1%).A high percentage of FCs experienced clinically meaningful levels of a variety of symptoms. These symptoms have a negative impact on the FCs' functional status and QOL.
Lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with previously untreated brain metastases from HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (LANDSCAPE): a single-group phase 2 study
Authors: Thomas Bachelot, Gilles Romieu, Mario Campone, Véronique Diéras, Claire Cropet, Florence Dalenc, Marta Jimenez, Emilie Le Rhun, Jean-Yves Pierga, Anthony Gonçalves, Marianne Leheurteur, Julien Domont, Maya Gutierrez, Hervé Curé, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Catherine Labbe-Devilliers
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Breast cancer statistics, 2013
Authors: Carol DeSantis, Jiemin Ma, Leah Bryan, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2013)

In this article, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of female breast cancer statistics in the United States, including data on incidence, mortality, survival, and screening. Approximately 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 39,620 breast cancer deaths are expected to occur among US women in 2013. One in 8 women in the United States will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. Breast cancer incidence rates increased slightly among African American women; decreased among Hispanic women; and were stable among whites, Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives from 2006 to 2010. Historically, white women have had the highest breast cancer incidence rates among women aged 40 years and older; however, incidence rates are converging among white and African American women, particularly among women aged 50 years to 59 years. Incidence rates increased for estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancers in the youngest white women, Hispanic women aged 60 years to 69 years, and all but the oldest African American women. In contrast, estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancers declined among most age and racial/ethnic groups. These divergent trends may reflect etiologic heterogeneity and the differing effects of some factors, such as obesity and parity, on risk by tumor subtype. Since 1990, breast cancer death rates have dropped by 34% and this decrease was evident in all racial/ethnic groups except American Indians/Alaska Natives. Nevertheless, survival disparities persist by race/ethnicity, with African American women having the poorest breast cancer survival of any racial/ethnic group. Continued progress in the control of breast cancer will require sustained and increased efforts to provide high‐quality screening, diagnosis, and treatment to all segments of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:52–62. © 2013 American Cancer Society, Inc.
INHIBITION OF THE SECONDARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN VITRO BY SALICYLATE AND GENTISATE
Authors: Charles Tesch Ambrose
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Salicylate inhibition of the secondary antibody response initiated in vitro on day 0 has been studied in cultures of rabbit lymph node fragments. Levels of 1.25 to 1.5 mM (0.20 to 0.24 mg/ml) sodium salicylate present in serum-free medium throughout an 18- or 21-day culture period completely inhibit the secondary response. This inhibition is largely accomplished by the drug's action during the first 9 days, which corresponds to the inductive phase for this culture system. Relatively little inhibition is produced by adding the drug only after day 9, although over 90% of the antibody produced during a 21-day experiment is synthesized after day 9. Studies with media of different pH's show that this inhibition is more correctly a function of the nonionized salicylic acid concentration in the medium than of the total salicylate concentration. Arguments are presented against the possibility that salicylate at the levels used here inhibits antibody synthesis by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) produces the same degree of inhibition in vitro as do equimolar concentrations of sodium salicylate. Gentisate (5-hydroxysalicylate) is 15-fold more effective in producing 50% inhibition than salicylate; its temporal pattern of inhibition is similar to that of salicylate.
Phylogeny and substitution rates of angiosperm actin genes
Authors: M. Moniz de Sa, G. Drouin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Forty-four actin genes from five angiosperm species were PCR-amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of 34 of these actins, along with those previously published, indicates that angiosperm actin genes are monophyletic and underwent several duplications during evolution. Orthologues have been identified between Solanaceae species, as well as between Solanaceae species and soybean. These sequences were used to calculate nucleotide substitution rates. The synonymous rate (6.96 x 10(-9) substitutions/site/year) is similar to that of other nuclear protein-coding genes, but the nonsynonymous rate (0.19 x 10(-9) substitutions/site/year) is 6-19 times higher than that of mammalian actin genes. Relative rate tests indicate that actin genes are evolving at similar rates in monocots and in dicots. Evidence is also presented that some members of the maize actin multigene family have been involved in gene conversion events, that the potato genome contains 24 +/- 12 actin genes, and that potato and tomato diverged 11.6 +/- 3.6 MYA.
Physiological convergence of sensory signals as a prelude to perception
Authors: Kurt F. Ahrens
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The global array may be a useful concept in studying behavior in a complex environment, especially in the context of dynamical systems theory. However, Stoffregen &amp; Bardy's arguments are weakened by the conflation of sensation and perception, and by the lack of evidence for synergy between stimulus energy arrays; strong evidence places the convergence of sensory stimuli inside the head.
Evaluation of three different techniques used to measure chest wall movements in children
Authors: RI Russell, PJ Helms
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Several techniques exist for assessing chest wall movements in children, that incorporate different measurement principles. Although the output from such devices appears very similar, the comparability of data from different devices needs to be evaluated. We have investigated the simultaneous measurement of chest wall movement using three different devices in 12 children recovering from intensive care. The devices used were inductance plethysmography (assessing thoracic cross-sectional area), magnetometers (assessing thoracic diameter), and a Hall device strain guage (assessing thoracic circumference). Measurements of respiratory timing and of phase angle between rib cage and abdomen in these patients showed a close agreement between devices in ventilated patients. However, occasional inconsistencies occurred in patients who were breathing spontaneously. We suggest that it may not always be appropriate to directly compare data on chest wall movements in children recorded using different measurement techniques. The best method of measurement varies with the clinical picture.
Results of randomised phase II studies comparing S16020 with methotrexate in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer
Authors: X. Pivot, A. Awada, D. Gedouin, J. Kerger, F. Rolland, D. Cupissol, F. Caponigro, G. Comella, J.J. Lopez-Pousa, E. Guardiola, B. Giroux, B. Gérard, M. Schneider
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Alpha-adrenergic-mediated reduction in coronary blood flow secondary to carotid chemoreceptor reflex activation in conscious dogs.
Authors: P A Murray, M Lavallee, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We examined the late coronary vascular response to carotid chemoreceptor reflex activation in normal, conscious dogs instrumented for the measurement of right main and left circumflex coronary artery blood flows, arterial and right ventricular pressures, and arterial and coronary sinus blood gases and O2 contents. With heart rate held constant by electrical stimulation, and with respiration controlled or allowed to vary spontaneously, carotid chemoreceptor reflex activation (induced by intracarotid nicotine) elicited a striking biphasic coronary vascular response characterized by an early dilation (previously described) and a late constriction. For example, with respiration controlled and with the autonomic nervous system intact, carotid chemoreceptor reflex activation resulted in a late increase in arterial pressure (19 +/- 4%; P less than 0.002), absolute reductions in right main (24 +/- 4%; P less than 0.002), and left circumflex (12 +/- 2%; P less than 0.004) coronary blood flows, and increases in right (62 +/- 13%; P less than 0.002) and left (26 +/- 3%; P less than 0.0001) coronary resistances. This carotid chemoreceptor reflex activation-induced late coronary constriction was also associated with a concomitant increase in myocardial oxygen extraction, i.e., arterial oxygen content remained constant, while coronary sinus oxygen content decreased (19 +/- 6%; P less than 0.04). Neither propranolol nor atropine had any significant effect on the magnitude of the right coronary constriction. However, both the absolute reduction in right coronary blood flow and increase in right coronary resistance were abolished by phentolamine. Furthermore, either total cardiac denervation or adrenalectomy significantly attenuated (P less than 0.01) carotid chemoreceptor reflex activation-induced reductions in right coronary blood flow and increase in right coronary resistance. We conclude that, with autonomic nervous system activity intact, carotid chemoreceptor reflex activation can elicit an absolute reflexly mediated reduction in coronary blood flow in the normal, conscious dog, despite an increase in arterial pressure. The mechanism of this vasoconstriction involves alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation mediated by both cardiac sympathetic nerves and circulating catecholamines.
A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules
Authors: Aleksanteri Aspelund, Salli Antila, Steven T. Proulx, Tine Veronica Karlsen, Sinem Karaman, Michael Detmar, Helge Wiig, Kari Alitalo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

The central nervous system (CNS) is considered an organ devoid of lymphatic vasculature. Yet, part of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains into the cervical lymph nodes (LNs). The mechanism of CSF entry into the LNs has been unclear. Here we report the surprising finding of a lymphatic vessel network in the dura mater of the mouse brain. We show that dural lymphatic vessels absorb CSF from the adjacent subarachnoid space and brain interstitial fluid (ISF) via the glymphatic system. Dural lymphatic vessels transport fluid into deep cervical LNs (dcLNs) via foramina at the base of the skull. In a transgenic mouse model expressing a VEGF-C/D trap and displaying complete aplasia of the dural lymphatic vessels, macromolecule clearance from the brain was attenuated and transport from the subarachnoid space into dcLNs was abrogated. Surprisingly, brain ISF pressure and water content were unaffected. Overall, these findings indicate that the mechanism of CSF flow into the dcLNs is directly via an adjacent dural lymphatic network, which may be important for the clearance of macromolecules from the brain. Importantly, these results call for a reexamination of the role of the lymphatic system in CNS physiology and disease.
STUDIES ON THE C<scp>X</scp>-REACTIVE PROTEIN
Authors: Harrison F. Wood, Sigfrido Montella
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

It has been found that normal rabbits respond to the intravenous administration of Cx-reactive protein by producing this acute phase substance. When Cx-reactive protein incorporated in adjuvant is injected intracutaneously, in addition to producing Cx-reactive protein, the recipient animals develop a characteristic inflammatory reaction about the site of injection. This inflammatory reaction can be inhibited by the prior intravenous injection of thorotrast.
Antimyeloma Effects of a Sesquiterpene Lactone Parthenolide
Authors: Attaya Suvannasankha, Colin D. Crean, Rajasubramaniam Shanmugam, Sherif S. Farag, Rafat Abonour, H. Scott Boswell, Harikrishna Nakshatri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activated in multiple myeloma (MM) cells by microenvironmental cues, confers resistance to apoptosis. The sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide targets NF-κB. However, its therapeutic potential in MM is not known. Experimental Designs: We explored the effects of parthenolide on MM cells in the context of the bone marrow microenvironment. Results: Parthenolide inhibited growth of MM cells lines, including drug-resistant cell lines, and primary cells in a dose-dependent manner. Parthenolide overcame the proliferative effects of cytokines interleukin-6 and insulin-like growth factor I, whereas the adhesion of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells partially protected MM cells against parthenolide effect. In addition, parthenolide blocked interleukin-6 secretion from bone marrow stromal cells triggered by the adhesion of MM cells. Parthenolide cytotoxicity is both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent. Parthenolide rapidly induced caspase activation and cleavage of PARP, MCL-1, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, and BID. Parthenolide rapidly down-regulated cellular FADD-like IL-1β–converting enzyme inhibitory protein, and direct targeting of cellular FADD-like IL-1β–converting enzyme inhibitory protein using small interfering RNA oligonucleotides inhibited MM cell growth and lowered the parthenolide concentration required for growth inhibition. An additive effect and synergy were observed when parthenolide was combined with dexamethasone and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, parthenolide has multifaceted antitumor effects toward both MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. Our data support the clinical development of parthenolide in MM therapy.
A new mutation pattern (YMDD → YSDD) in YMDD motif of HBV-DNA polymerase gene in chronic B hepatitis infection resistant to lamivudine treatment
Authors: A.M. Bozdayi, Ö. Uzunalimoǧlu, A.R. Türkyilmaz, K. Çinar, O. Sezgin, H. Bozkaya, C. Yurdaydin, S. Karayalçin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Protective Effects of C‐Type Natriuretic Peptide on Linear Growth and Articular Cartilage Integrity in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Hülya Bükülmez, Fozia Khan, Cynthia F. Bartels, Shunichi Murakami, Adriana Ortiz‐Lopez, Abdus Sattar, Tariq M. Haqqi, Matthew L. Warman
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

The C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) signaling pathway is a major contributor to postnatal skeletal growth in humans. This study was undertaken to investigate whether CNP signaling could prevent growth delay and cartilage damage in an animal model of inflammatory arthritis.We generated transgenic mice that overexpress CNP (B6.SJL-Col2a1-NPPC) in chondrocytes. We introduced the CNP transgene into mice with experimental systemic inflammatory arthritis (K/BxN T cell receptor [TCR]) and determined the effect of CNP overexpression in chondrocytes on the severity of arthritis, cartilage damage, and linear growth. We also examined primary chondrocyte cultures for changes in gene and protein expression resulting from CNP overexpression.K/BxN TCR mice exhibited linear growth delay (P < 0.01) compared to controls, and this growth delay was correlated with the severity of arthritis. Diminished chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production was also seen in K/BxN TCR mice. Compared to non-CNP-transgenic mice, K/BxN TCR mice with overexpressed CNP had milder arthritis, no growth delay, and less cartilage damage. Primary chondrocytes from mice overexpressing CNP were less sensitive to inflammatory cytokines than wild-type mouse chondrocytes.CNP overexpression in chondrocytes can prevent endochondral growth delay and protect against cartilage damage in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Pharmacologic or biologic modulation of the CNP signaling pathway may prevent growth retardation and protect cartilage in patients with inflammatory joint diseases, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Immune suppression in vivo with antigen-modified syngeneic cells. I. T-cell-mediated suppression to the terpolymer poly-(Glu, Lys, Phe)n.
Authors: N K Cheung, D H Scherr, K M Heghinian, B Benacerraf, M E Dorf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The palmitoyl derivative of the linear polypeptide of poly-(L-Glu-L-Lys-L-Phe)n (GLphi) can be coupled to spleen cells directly. The intravenous administration of 2 X 10(5)--3 X 10(7) GLphi-coupled syngeneic spleen cells induces GL-phi-specific suppressor T cells in C57BL/6 nonresponder mice. The suppression is antigen specific and can be detected by the inhibition of the primary GLphi plaque-forming cell response to challenge with GLphi-fowl gamma globulin. The number of inducer cells required for suppression carry less than 0.1 microgram of antigen. Spleen cells from tolerized mice can transfer suppression to normal syngeneic recipients. The suppression is cyclophosphamide sensitive and the suppressor cells bear the Thy 1.2 marker. This method of inducing antigen-specific suppressor cells may be generally applicable to other antigen systems.
The best-supported language universals refer to scalar patterns deriving from processing cost
Authors: Martin Haspelmath
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Conditional universals have always interested linguists more than unrestricted universals, which are often impossible to demonstrate empirically because categories cannot be defined in a cross-linguistically meaningful way. But deep dependencies have not been confirmed by more recent empirical research, and those universals with solid empirical support mostly relate to scalar patterns that can plausibly be related to processing cost.
HTLV-1 propels untransformed CD4+ lymphocytes into the cell cycle while protecting CD8+ cells from death
Authors: D. Sibon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, yet it induces adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) that is regularly of the CD4+ phenotype. Here we show that in vivo infected CD4+ and CD8+ T cells displayed similar patterns of clonal expansion in carriers without malignancy. Cloned infected cells from individuals without malignancy had a dramatic increase in spontaneous proliferation, which predominated in CD8+ lymphocytes and depended on the amount of tax mRNA. In fact, the clonal expansion of HTLV-1–positive CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes relied on 2 distinct mechanisms — infection prevented cell death in the former while recruiting the latter into the cell cycle. Cell cycling, but not apoptosis, depended on the level of viral-encoded tax expression. Infected tax-expressing CD4+ lymphocytes accumulated cellular defects characteristic of genetic instability. Therefore, HTLV-1 infection establishes a preleukemic phenotype that is restricted to CD4+ infected clones.