tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The internal and sphincter--new insights into faecal incontinence.
Authors: C T Speakman, M A Kamm
Journal: Gut (1991)

Leading articleThe internal anal sphincter -new insights into faecal incontinence Application of neurological techniques to the pelvic floor over the past 10 years has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology ofidiopathic faecal incontinence.1-7 We now realise that damage to the innervation of the striated external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscles leads to progressive denervation with muscle fibrosis and weakness.These abnormalities can be shown clinically using manometry, measurement of the conduction time of the innervating nerves, and electromyography with either concentric or on July 23, 2023 by guest.
Risk Factors for Fireworks-Related Injury in Washington State
Authors: Lynne V. McFarland
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To determine the frequency and effects of and risk factors for fireworks -related injury, we identified all 146 persons who were injured by fireworks and sought emergency care during the 1983 July 4 holiday in the Seattle area. The mean charge for medical care for the injuries received was +562; 7.1% of those injured required hospitalization. In a matched-pair case-control study, use of either of two fireworks types-- firecrackers or aerial devices--was significantly associated with injury (odds ratios [ORs], 3.3 and 2.9, respectively; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.2, 8.5, and 1.2, 6.6, respectively). Also associated with injury were several fireworks misuse behaviors, including lack of adult supervision of children (OR, 11.5; CI, 2.8, 100.6). We conclude that fireworks cause serious injuries that theoretically could be prevented by behavioral changes or decreased availability of high-risk fireworks devices.
Morphological variants of leukemic cells in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated with different T cell and NK cell abnormalities
Authors: E. Reyes, A. Prieto, F. Carrion, J. Garcia-Suarez, F. Esquivel, Melchor Alvarez-Mon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a heterogeneous disease. The different morphological variants of leukemic B cells appear to define different clinical groups of patients. Several abnormalities have been found in T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells from B-CLL patients. We have investigated the phenotypic and functional characteristics of purified CD2+ cells from B-CLL patients at Binet's stage A and classified according to the neoplastic B lymphocyte morphology criteria: 32 patients with typical B-CLL and 12 patients with atypical B-CLL. Forty-three age and sex matched healthy controls were also studied. In fresh purified CD2+ cells from typical B-CLL patients, percentages of CD4+, CD4+CD45RA+, CD8+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes and CD3-CD56+ (NK) cells were significantly higher than those found in atypical B-CLL patients. However, in DC2+ cells from typical B-CLL patients, percentages of CD3+, CD3+DR+, CD8+, CD4+CD45RO+, and CD3+CD56+ cells were significantly lower than those found in atypical B-CLL patients. Increased percentage of NK cells was only found in typical B-CLL patients. The proliferative response and the production of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated CD2+ cells were significantly higher in typical B-CLL patients than in atypical B-CLL patients. We concluded that different patterns of phenotypic and functional alterations in the T lymphocytes and NK cells of B-CLL patients are found in patients with typical or atypical B-CLL defined according to the morphology of the leukemic cells.
Genome-wide analysis reveals recurrent structural abnormalities of TP63 and other p53-related genes in peripheral T-cell lymphomas
Authors: George Vasmatzis, Sarah H. Johnson, Ryan A. Knudson, Rhett P. Ketterling, Esteban Braggio, Rafael Fonseca, David S. Viswanatha, Mark E. Law, N. Sertac Kip, Nazan Özsan, Stefan K. Grebe, Lori A. Frederick, Bruce W. Eckloff, E. Aubrey Thompson, Marshall E. Kadin, Dragana Milosevic, Julie C. Porcher, Yan W. Asmann, David I. Smith, Irina V. Kovtun, Stephen M. Ansell, Ahmet Dogan, Andrew L. Feldman
Journal: Blood (2012)
Silencing of Bidirectional Promoters by DNA Methylation in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Jingmin Shu, Jaroslav Jelinek, Hao Chang, Lanlan Shen, Taichun Qin, Woonbok Chung, Yasuhiro Oki, Jean-Pierre J. Issa
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract CpG island methylation within promoters is known to silence individual genes in cancer. The involvement of this process in silencing gene pairs controlled by bidirectional promoters is unclear. In a screen for hypermethylated CpG islands in cancer, bidirectional promoters constituted 25.2% of all identified promoters, which matches with the genomic representation of bidirectional promoters. From the screen, we selected three bidirectional gene pairs for detailed analysis, WNT9A/CD558500, CTDSPL/BC040563, and KCNK15/BF195580. Levels of mRNA of all three pairs of genes were inversely correlated with the degree of promoter methylation in multiple cancer cell lines. Hypomethylation of these promoters induced by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment reactivated or enhanced gene expression bidirectionally. The bidirectional nature of the WNT9A/CD558500 promoter was confirmed by luciferase assays, and hypermethylation down-regulated expression of both genes in the pair. Methylation of WNT9A/CD558500 and CTDSPL/BC040563 promoters occurs frequently in primary colon cancers and acute lymphoid leukemias (ALL), respectively, and methylation was correlated with decreased gene expression in ALL patient samples. Our study shows that hypermethylation of bidirectional promoter-associated CpG island silences two genes simultaneously, a property that should be taken into account when studying the functional consequences of hypermethylation in cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5077-84)
Hormone Therapy and Risk for Venous Thromboembolism: Comments and Correction
Authors: Mark R. Goldstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters2 January 2001Hormone Therapy and Risk for Venous Thromboembolism: Comments and CorrectionMark R. Goldstein, MDMark R. Goldstein, MDWest Chester, PA 19382 (Goldstein)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-1-200101020-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Grady and colleagues' interesting report (1) from HERS demonstrated that postmenopausal estrogen and progestin therapy increased the risk for venous thromboembolism nearly threefold in women with established coronary heart disease. Unexpectedly, the risk for venous thromboembolism was decreased by half in the women who were taking statin drugs.In the original HERS report (2), treatment with estrogen and progestin over a 4.1-year period did not reduce the overall rate of coronary heart disease events despite a favorable effect on lipoproteins. In fact, event rates were significantly higher during the first year in the estrogen–progestin group. This suggests ...References1. Grady D, Wenger NK, Herrington D, Khan S, Furberg C, Hunninghake D, et al . Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk for venous thromboembolic disease. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:689-96. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, et al . Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA. 1998;280:605-13. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Rosenson RS, Tangney CC. Antiatherothrombotic properties of statins: implications for cardiovascular event reduction. JAMA. 1998;279:1643-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: West Chester, PA 19382 (Goldstein) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPostmenopausal Hormone Therapy Increases Risk for Venous Thromboembolic Disease: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Deborah Grady , Nanette K. Wenger , David Herrington , Steven Khan , Curt Furberg , Donald Hunninghake , Eric Vittinghoff , Stephen Hulley , and Hormone Therapy and Risk for Venous Thromboembolism: Comments and Correction Deborah Grady and Eric Vittinghoff Hormone Therapy and Risk for Venous Thromboembolism: Comments and Correction Roger Peverill Hormone Therapy and Risk for Venous Thromboembolism: Comments and Correction H. Joan Waitkevicz and Deborah Axelrod Metrics 2 January 2001Volume 134, Issue 1Page: 81KeywordsCoronary heart diseaseDrugsEstrogensHormonesLipoproteinsPlateletsRisk managementStatinsThromboembolismVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 2 January 2001 Issue Published: 2 January 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Antiplatelet and antithrombotic efficacy of DMP 728, a novel platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist.
Authors: S A Mousa, J M Bozarth, M S Forsythe, S M Jackson, A Leamy, M M Diemer, R P Kapil, R M Knabb, M C Mayo, S K Pierce
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Currently used antiplatelet drugs, including aspirin, ticlopidine, and others, are effective against certain but not all of the many endogenous platelet activators. Because of their limited efficacy, a significant number of serious thromboembolic complications still occur, highlighting the need for a more effective therapy. Thus, we have identified a systemically active peptide analogue (DMP 728) of the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) recognition sequence that mediates the binding of ligands such as fibrinogen to the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors. The goals of the present study were to determine the antiplatelet and antithrombotic efficacies of DMP 728 in various arterial thrombosis models. METHODS AND RESULTS DMP 728 demonstrated antiplatelet efficacy in vitro in inhibiting ADP-induced human platelet aggregation (IC50, 46 +/- 2 nmol/L) and fibrinogen binding to human platelets (IC50, 2.3 +/- 0.8 nmol/L) or purified human GPIIb/IIIa receptors (IC50, 0.6 +/- 0.1 nmol/L). DMP 728 demonstrated high affinity and specificity for human platelet GPIIb/IIIa over other adhesion molecules. In anesthetized mongrel dogs, DMP 728 at 0.001 to 1.0 mg/kg IV produced dose-dependent antiplatelet effects in inhibiting ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by ADP and in prolonging template bleeding time. DMP 728 effects on bleeding time prolongation were more rapidly reversible than those on platelet aggregation inhibition. A maximal antiplatelet effect for DMP 728 was demonstrated at 0.01 mg/kg IV bolus. The antithrombotic efficacy of DMP 728 was examined in vitro and in vivo after IV administration at different doses in various models of arterial thrombosis. In the coronary artery Folts model in dogs, DMP 728 demonstrated maximal antithrombotic efficacy at 0.01 mg/kg IV bolus with an ED50 of 0.005 mg/kg IV bolus in inhibiting cyclic flow reductions. Additionally, DMP 728 demonstrated 100% prevention of primary thrombosis and rethrombosis (P &lt; .01) after treatment with different thrombolytics, including tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase, in an electrolytically induced femoral artery thrombosis model in dogs. CONCLUSIONS Acute intravenous DMP 728 administration (0.001 to 1.0 mg/kg) has dose-dependent antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects in different arterial thrombosis models. These data suggest that DMP 728, a low-molecular-weight GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, may have therapeutic potential as an effective antithrombotic agent in coronary and peripheral artery thromboembolic disorders.
Ultrasonic Fetal Cephalometry: Percentiles Curve
Authors: P. Flamme
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Measurements by ultrasound of the biparietal diameter of the fetal head during pregnancy are a reliable guide to fetal growth. As a ready means of comparison with the normal we constructed from 4,170 measurements in 1,394 cases a curve showing the percentiles distribution of biparietal diameters for each week of gestation.
Relation Between Ligament of Marshall and Adrenergic Atrial Tachyarrhythmia
Authors: Rahul N. Doshi, Tsu-Juey Wu, Masaaki Yashima, Young-Hoon Kim, James J. C. Ong, Ji-Min Cao, Chun Hwang, Payam Yashar, Michael C. Fishbein, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The mechanism of the adrenergic atrial tachyarrhythmia is unclear. We hypothesize that the ligament of Marshall (LOM) is sensitive to adrenergic stimulation and may serve as a source of the adrenergic atrial tachyarrhythmia. Methods and Results —We performed computerized mapping studies in isolated-perfused canine left atrial tissues from normal dogs (n=9) and from dogs with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) induced by 10 to 41 weeks of rapid pacing (n=3). Before isoproterenol, spontaneous activity occurred in only one normal tissue (cycle length, CL &gt;1300 ms). During isoproterenol infusion, automatic rhythm was induced in both normal tissues (CL=578±172 ms) and AF tissues (CL=255±29 ms, P &lt;0.05). The origin of spontaneous activity was mapped to the LOM. In the AF tissues, but not the normal tissues, we observed the transition from rapid automatic activity to multiple wavelet AF. Ablation of the LOM terminated the spontaneous activity and prevented AF. Immunocytochemical studies of the LOM revealed muscle tracts surrounded by tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (sympathetic) nerves. Conclusions —We conclude that the LOM is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves and serves as a source of isoproterenol-sensitive focal automatic activity in normal canine atrium. The sensitivity to isoproterenol is upregulated after long-term rapid pacing and may contribute to the development of AF in this model.
PROPHYLAXIS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: LOUIS FISCHEK
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In order that we can intelligently apply the proper treatment for the prevention of the disease, an inquiry into the method of its propagation must be made. The postmortem examinations of hundreds of cases of tuberculosis show that it is a rarity to find primary intestinal tuberculosis. Heubner's results in a series of studies were as follows: Heubner argues that, as not one single case appeared in a series of 800 nurslings during the first three months, the disease was acquired and not transmitted by inheritance. Küss proved anatomically that primary tuberculous lesions are most frequently found in the bronchial glands. This corresponds with inhalation tuberculosis in animal experiments; hence it must be presumed that the inhalation of the<i>Bacillus tuberculosis</i>may cause this infection. Infants are constantly exposed to infection when in the same room with adults affected with tuberculosis. Heubner describes a case of a child with sound
Quality of Care in Episodes of Respiratory Illness Among Medicaid Patients in New Mexico
Authors: KATHLEEN N. LOHR, ROBERT H. BROOK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

As part of ambulatory-care review, the New Mexico Experimental Medical Care Review Organization (EMCRO) developed medical guidelines for the use of injections and informed physicians about them through written communications and personal visits. After their adoption, the EMCRO denied payment for Medicaid claims not meeting the guidelines. To study the effect of these activities, we compared quality of care in entire episodes of respiratory infections before and after guidelines were promulgated. Quality as judged by minimal criteria for antibiotic use improved. Percentages of episodes with appropriate therapy rose from 36% to 42% for streptococcal sore throat, from 42% to 81% for bronchitis, and from 36% to 51% for acute upper respiratory infection. Quality improved most among physicians with the poorest records initially; "outliers" still gave inadequate care. Assessment of episodes of care derived from claims data thus appears to be a feasible and nonintrusive mechanism for detecting deficiencies in quality and evaluating quality-assurance activities.
Inhibitory Receptors Alter Natural Killer Cell Interactions with Target Cells Yet Allow Simultaneous Killing of Susceptible Targets
Authors: Mikael Eriksson, Guenther Leitz, Erik Fällman, Ove Axner, James C. Ryan, Mary C. Nakamura, Charles L. Sentman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Inhibitory receptors expressed on natural killer (NK) cells abrogate positive signals upon binding corresponding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on various target cells. By directly micromanipulating the effector-target cell encounter using an optical tweezers system which allowed temporal and spatial control, we demonstrate that Ly49-MHC class I interactions prevent characteristic cellular responses in NK cells upon binding to target cells. Furthermore, using this system, we directly demonstrate that an NK cell already bound to a resistant target cell may simultaneously bind and kill a susceptible target cell. Thus, although Ly49-mediated inhibitory signals can prevent many types of effector responses, they do not globally inhibit cellular function, but rather the inhibitory signal is spatially restricted towards resistant targets.
Pioglitazone vs Glimepiride in the PERISCOPE Trial—Reply
Authors: Steven E. Nissen
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment of Gangrene in Pneumococcemia
Authors: Stanley C. Karz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In a man with bilateral symmetrical gangrene resulting from pneumococcemia, hyperbaric oxygen therapy was successful after a trial of antibiotics, vasodilators, and nerve block had proved of no avail. Treatment consisted of 2 atmospheres absolute oxygen, two hours twice daily for 4 days, then 2 atm absolute, two hours for 11 days. A dramatic response was noted during the first treatment.
Mechanism Behind Omega-3 Fatty Acids’ Heart Benefits
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Mice genetically altered to produce their own eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n-3 or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, were protected against heart disease and had improved cardiac function in a recent study (Endo J et al. J Exp Med. 2014;211[8]:1673-1687).
COMPLIANCE WITH DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY AND SUBSEQUENT ADVERSE EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI UNDERGOING STENT IMPLANTATION: ANALYSIS FROM THE HORIZONS-AMI TRIAL
Authors: Roxana Mehran, Eugenia Nikolsky, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giulio Guagliumi, Jan Z. Peruga, Bruce R. Brodie, Dariusz Dudek, Ran Kornowski, Franz Hartmann, Adriano Caixeta, Nicole Haratani, George D. Dangas, Alexandra J. Lansky, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Influence of postnatal-development on If occurrence and properties in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: E Cerbai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective:If is a hyperpolarization-activated current, which plays a key role in determining the spontaneous rate of cardiac pacemaker cells. We have previously shown that If is also expressed in left ventricular myocytes isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats; in these cells, its occurrence and density is linearly related with the severity of myocardial hypertrophy. Since hypertrophy induces a re-expression of genes encoding fetal proteins, we investigated changes in If properties during post-natal development. Methods: Fresh ventricular myocytes were enzymatically isolated from the heart of 1–2- to 28-day-old Wistar rats. The whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was employed to record the action potential and If. Results: Membrane capacitance, an index of cell size, progressively increased from 13±1 pF at 1–2 days to 66±4 pF at 28 days of age (p<0.01). At 1–2 days, a cesium-sensitive hyperpolarization-activated inward current (If) was recorded in the majority of tested cells (n=51). The midpoint of the activation curve (V1/2) was −78±2 mV (n=32), and specific current conductance of fully activated If (gf,max) was 60±11 pS/pF. Reversal potential (Vrev) measured by tail-current analysis was −24±3 mV (n=8). Reduction of extracellular Na+ from 140 to 35 mM or extracellular K+ from 25 to 5.4 mM caused a shift of −12±1 mV (n=3) or −11±2 mV (n=5) of Vrev, respectively. Occurrence of If decreased with aging, being present in 64%, 48% and 32% of cells at 10, 15 and 28 days, respectively. When present, If density was significantly smaller than at 1–2 days (p<0.05), reaching a value of 8±2 pS/pF at 28 days. However, V1/2 did not change in the older rats, being −80±2, −83±4 and −85±3 mV at 10, 15 and 28 days, respectively. Vrev at 10 and 15 days was −27 and −28 mV, respectively, thus suggesting that channel selectivity did not change. Conclusions: The pacemaker current, If, is expressed in ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats and progressively disappears; when present, it shows electrophysiological properties similar to If re-expressed in hypertrophied adult rat ventricular myocytes. Thus, it is likely that the occurrence of If in ventricular myocytes of hypertrophied and failing hearts is due to the re-expression of a fetal gene.
TCT-96 Impact of Beta-blocker Therapy at Discharge on Mortality in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Function after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Se Hun Kang, Jung-Min Ahn, Hee-Soon Park, Sang Soo Cheon, Min Su Kim, Jae Hyung Roh, Young-Hak Kim, Duk-Woo Park, Sung-Han Yoon, Hyun Woo Park, Mineok Chang, Jong-Young Lee, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)