tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 303: Developing predictive biomarkers of PI3K/AKT pathway activation
Authors: Heidi M. Savage, Berny Mullappally, Sankar Mohan, Ajay Pandita, David Shames, Mark Lackner, Elizabeth Punnoose
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently up-regulated in cancer. This occurs through activation of growth factor receptors, PI3K (p110α) mutations and amplifications, PTEN loss, and more rarely mutations and amplifications of the AKT genes. These pathway alterations could be useful as predictive biomarkers to identify the tumors that are dependent on the PI3K/AKT pathway and therefore, most likely to respond to PI3K/AKT targeted agents. PTEN is frequently inactivated in tumors from various tissues especially brain, endometrium, prostate, ovary, and breast. Developing a predictive biomarker assay PTEN status is challenging because PTEN is lost in cancer by multiple mechanisms including gene deletion, mutations, and DNA methylation. Here we evaluate multiple assays to detect PTEN loss in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer cell lines as well as tumors to assess the prevalence by which loss occurs by these different mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 303.
Pediatric Vaccine Tax Seeks to Cover Injury; Not All Manufacturers Passing On Increase
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE COST OF PEDIATRIC immunization is soaring. The price of the routine five doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine has gone from around $44 to around $55—a 25% increase. The cost of the combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has gone up from $20.72 per dose last year to $27.23—a 30% increase. Part of this rise is due to price increases by manufacturers, but the main reason is that Congress has finally funded and the President signed into law the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act. The legislation levies a tax on pediatric vaccines to cover the cost of compensation for any vaccine injury. The tax took effect at the beginning of the year. The DTP vaccine carries a tax of $4.56 per dose; MMR, $4.44 per dose; diphtheria-tetanus, 6 cents per dose; and polio, 29 cents per dose. The amount of the tax is based on the estimate of the risk of
ADAPTATION OF MASTITIS STREPTOCOCCI TO MILK
Authors: F. S. Jones, H. S. Simms
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The data here presented indicate that the inhibitory principle affecting the growth of streptococci in milk is not greatly utilized during the lag phase and that the abrupt termination of lag is not due to the utilization of the principle. They further indicate that the sudden beginning of growth cannot be ascribed to a resistant type of streptococcus present in the culture from the first, but to an adaptation occurring during the lag phase. The addition of large numbers of dead or living streptococci to milk, for limited periods, fails to diminish appreciably the inhibitory principle.
Prolonged High-Level Detection of Retrovirally Marked Hematopoietic Cells in Nonhuman Primates after Transduction of CD34+ Progenitors Using Clinically Feasible Methods
Authors: Tong Wu, Hyeoung Joon Kim, Stephanie E. Sellers, Kristin E. Meade, Brian A. Agricola, Mark E. Metzger, Ikunoshin Kato, Robert E. Donahue, Cynthia E. Dunbar, John F. Tisdale
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Low-level retroviral transduction and engraftment of hematopoietic long-term repopulating cells in large animals and humans remain primary obstacles to the successful application of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene transfer in humans. Recent studies have reported improved efficiency by including stromal cells (STR), or the fibronectin fragment CH-296 (FN), and various cytokines such as flt3 ligand (FLT) during ex vivo culture and transduction in nonhuman primates. In this work, we extend our studies using the rhesus competitive repopulation model to further explore optimal and clinically feasible peripheral blood (PB) progenitor cell transduction methods. First, we compared transduction in the presence of either preformed autologous STR or immobilized FN. Long-term clinically relevant gene marking levels in multiple hematopoietic lineages from both conditions were demonstrated in vivo by semiquantitative PCR, colony PCR, and genomic Southern blotting, suggesting that FN could replace STR in ex vivo transduction protocols. Second, we compared transduction on FN in the presence of IL-3, IL-6, stem cell factor (SCF), and FLT (our best cytokine combination in prior studies) with a combination of megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF), SCF, and FLT. Gene marking levels were equivalent in these animals, with no significant effect on retroviral gene transfer efficiency assessed in vivo by the replacement of IL-3 and IL-6 with MGDF. Our results indicate that SCF/G-CSF-mobilized PB CD34+ cells are transduced with equivalent efficiency in the presence of either STR or FN, with stable long-term marking of multiple lineages at levels of 10-15% and transient marking as high as 54%. These results represent an advance in the field of HSC gene transfer using methods easily applied in the clinical setting.
Technique of Lymphography and Principles of Interpretation
Authors: Yolanda Adler
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This is a book that combines clarity, brevity, and meticulous attention to detail. Initial chapters on technique and its complications cover all aspects of the procedure. From the selection of the equipment and the proper dye, every step leading to the cannulation of the lymph vessels is not only described, but also clearly explained. One has the impression of actually watching the procedure. The minor details that are not usually spelled out in a book and which can be so important in attempting an examination of this kind are not forgotten. This is not to say that the book is filled with trivia. On the contrary, it is written clearly, to the point, and as a rule outlining only the important aspects of the subject which is being considered at the moment. At the end of each chapter there are extensive bibliographies to which one can refer if more detail
Sleep and Dreams in Eating Disorders
Authors: Bertram Dippel, Christoph Lauer, Dieter Riemann, Katrin Majer-Trendel, Jürgen-Christian Krieg, Mathias Berger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

The results of several studies on sleep EEG and dreams in patients with eating disorders are presented and compared with the data obtained in patients with a major depression. The sleep pattern, which is characteristic of depression, could not be found in the eating disorder group. Regarding the cholinergic REM induction test, the depressives displayed a pronounced shortening of REM sleep latency. However, this biological marker, indicating a cholinergic hyperactivity in depression, could not be observed in patients with eating disorders. The content analysis of laboratory-recorded dreams yielded several differences between depression and eating disorders and also, more subtle, between anorexia and bulimia.
Book Review Owning the Genome: A Moral Analysis of DNA Patenting By David B. Resnik. 235 pp. Albany, State University of New York Press, 2004. $57.50 (cloth); $18.95 (paper). 0-7914-5931-4 (cloth); 0-7914-5932-2 (paper).
Authors: Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Pulmonary Resection in Patients Aged 80 Years or Over with Clinical Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival and Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications
Authors: Jiro Okami, Masahiko Higashiyama, Hisao Asamura, Tomoyuki Goya, Yoshihiko Koshiishi, Yasunori Sohara, Kenji Eguchi, Masaki Mori, Yoichi Nakanishi, Ryosuke Tsuchiya, Etsuo Miyaoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
A COMPARATIVE STUDY AND EVALUATION OF ELECTRIC SHOCK THERAPY IN DEPRESSIVE STATES
Authors: KENNETH J. TILLOTSON, WOLFGANG SULZBACH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

A group of 70 patients with various forms of depression have been reviewed for immediate as well as late therapeutic achievements with electric convulsive shock treatment, the efficiency of which was considered with reference to several standard criteria, chiefly derived from experiences in a clinically comparable group of 68 control patients. This study led to the following observations on the value of electric shock therapy: [SEE TABLE IN SOURCE PDF] 1. The improvement rate was 30% and the recovery rate 44% higher with than without shock therapy, whereas the increase rate of relapses or failures during the first year after discharge was almost twice as high in the controls as in the treated group of patients. 2. Marked improvement or full recovery is at times accomplished in chronic depressions of completely disabling degree, where inherent trends toward remission are apparently lacking. 3. Spontaneous remissions are markedly enhanced in degree and quality of improvement. 4. The length of a depressive episode and the need for hospitalization are reduced by 75% to 90% of the computed average duration in untreated attacks. 5. A maximal therapeutic gain of 52% was achieved in involutional melancholias. This gain is especially impressive if one takes into consideration that this form of depression has the least favorable prognosis among the various diagnostic types and without shock therapy. 6. The commonly discussed prognostic indicators regarding the outcome of shock therapy appeared too inconsistent in their implications and insufficiently explored in detail to be adequate for practical clinical considerations. 7. Manifest untoward effects of electric shock therapy are relatively insignificant as compared to the therapeutic gains.
Pax Transactivation-Domain Interacting Protein Is Required for Urine Concentration and Osmotolerance in Collecting Duct Epithelia
Authors: Doyeob Kim, Min Wang, Qi Cai, Heddwen Brooks, Gregory R. Dressler
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Pax transactivation-domain interacting protein (PTIP) is a widely expressed nuclear protein that is essential for early embryonic development. PTIP was first identified on the basis of its interactions with the developmental regulator Pax2 but can also bind to other nuclear transcription factors. The Pax2 protein is essential for development of the renal epithelia and for regulating the response of mature collecting ducts to hyperosmotic stress. For determination of whether PTIP also functions in more differentiated cell types, the Cre-LoxP system was used to delete the ptip gene in the renal collecting ducts using Ksp-Cre driver mice. Collecting duct-specific ptip knockout mice were viable with little discernible phenotype under normal physiologic conditions. However, collecting duct-specific ptip mutants were unable to concentrate urine after the treatment of desamino-cis, D-arginine vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone. Furthermore, aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in the inner medulla of the ptip knockout mice was decreased approximately 10-fold compared with that of wild-type littermates. Expression level of tonicity responsive enhancer binding protein, a transcription factor of AQP2, is not altered in the mutant mice, but its nuclear localization in the inner medulla is unresponsive after treatment with vasopressin agonists. This was due, at least in part, to decreased expression of the arginine vasopressin receptor 2 in ptip mutants. Furthermore, ptip null inner medullary collecting duct cells were sensitive to hyperosmolality in vitro. Thus, ptip is required for the urine concentration mechanism by modulating arginine vasopressin receptor 2 and AQP2 expression in the inner medulla. The data suggest an essential role for ptip in regulating urine concentration and in controlling survival of collecting duct epithelial cells in high osmolality.
Triggering of Nocturnal Arrhythmias by Sleep-Disordered Breathing Events
Authors: Ken Monahan, Amy Storfer-Isser, Reena Mehra, Eyal Shahar, Murray Mittleman, Jeff Rottman, Naresh Punjabi, Mark Sanders, Stuart F. Quan, Helaine Resnick, Susan Redline
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: IS IT SUFFICIENT FOR THE EFFECTIVE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE?
Authors: WILLIAM L. WILSON, STEFANO VIVONA, DONALD L. LUCAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

Epidemiological investigation of the several component major commands of Seventh Army reveals that during 1954: 1. The incidence of infectious disease does not appear to correlate with the incidence of behavior and social problems, or with accidents. 2. Commands having higher rates for selected behavior and social problems have had more accidents. 3. Commands that utilized in a less than average manner the available Mental Hygiene Consultation Service had a lower than average rate of "368-369" discharges, and a higher incidence rate of disciplinary reports, courts martial, and crimes and offenses. They also had a higher than average incidence of cold injuries. Obviously few final conclusions should be drawn from a solely statistical study of only one year's experience, or too firm convictions as to the factors that should be measured, or the means we should utilize for their evaluation. There seem to be potentially useful techniques demonstrated which we may project and improve by further study. Probably only in the military service can these methods and techniques be initiated and developed effectively and rapidly. The effects of the community on the person and the person on the community can be more thoroughly understood and should be considered when the individual physician undertakes treatment of the individual patient, whether in his home, at the physician's office, in dispensaries, or in hospitals. The average practicing physician should be able to count on those having the capabilities and opportunities to develop the best possible techniques for aiding him along this line. However, after such techniques are developed, can we expect expansion of the process to maximum effectiveness in the military service and in the civilian practice of medicine? Every physician should make certain that the term "physician-patient" relationship takes full cognizance of the broader meaning just discussed. The illness of the community manifests itself in the form of the patients' physical or mental disease, behavior or social problems, or in the occurrence of accidents. The physician should utilize all the available knowledge of community illness. In doing so, he should consider that the patient requires treatment because the community has failed to prevent his ill. If the physician can succeed in these objectives each patient should return earlier and more effectively to a gratifying and productive participation in the community existence. Could a physician hope to achieve more?
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Systolic Function with Pulsed Wave Tissue Doppler in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Saadet Güven, Taner Şen, Omaç Tüfekçioğlu, Esra Gücük İpek, Belma Uygur(Kalaycı), Erkan Kahraman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Human C3b/C4b receptor (CR1). Demonstration of long homologous repeating domains that are composed of the short consensus repeats characteristics of C3/C4 binding proteins.
Authors: L B Klickstein, W W Wong, J A Smith, J H Weis, J G Wilson, D T Fearon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

10 overlapping CR1 cDNA clones that span 5.5 kb were isolated from a tonsillar library and sequenced in whole or in part. A single long open reading frame beginning at the 5' end of the clones and extending 4.7 kb downstream to a stop codon was identified. This sequence represents approximately 80% of the estimated 6 kb of coding sequence for the F allotype of CR1. Three tandem, direct, long homologous repeats (LHRs) of 450 amino acids were identified. Analysis of the sequences of tryptic peptides provided evidence for a fourth LHR in the F allotype of CR1. Amino acid identity between the LHRs ranged from 70% between the first and third repeats to 99% between the NH2-terminal 250 amino acids of the first and second repeats. Each LHR comprises seven short consensus repeats (SCRs) of 60-70 amino acids that resemble the SCRs of other C3/C4 binding proteins, such as complement receptor type 2, factors B and H, C4 binding protein, and C2. Two additional SCRs join the LHRs to a single membrane-spanning domain of 25 amino acids; thus, the F allotype of CR1 probably contains at least 30 SCRs, 23 of which have been sequenced. Each SCR is predicted to form a triple loop structure in which the four conserved half-cystines form disulfide linkages. The linear alignment of 30 SCRs as a semi-rigid structure would extend 1,140A from the plasma membrane and might facilitate the interaction of CR1 with C3b and C4b located within the interstices of immune complexes and microbial cell walls. The COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domain of 43 residues contains a six-amino-acid sequence that is homologous to the sequence in the epidermal growth factor receptor that is phosphorylated by protein kinase C.
CONVERSION OF HYDROLYSATE TETANUS TOXIN TO TOXOID 1
Authors: Emanuel B. Schoenbach, Julius J. Jezukawicz, J. Howard Mueller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

In the case of diphtheria toxin obtained by the growth of a suitable strain on a medium free from peptone, some slight difficulty has been experi- enced in bringing about complete detoxification with formalin (1).This is probably due to the relatively high content of both toxin and amino acid nitrogen present, and has necessitated the use of formalin up to 0.5 per cent concentration and several weeks' incubation.Under these condi- tions, successful conversion to toxoid occurs, and the remaining toxoid is an adequate antigen (2).A number of small scale experiments have been carried out in order to learn how tetanus toxins, produced on similar media, will conduct themselves.These have been uniformly encouraging, and indicate that toxin of this sort should find application in human immunization.Unlike diph- theria toxin, a relatively low concentration of formalin is adequate, and an incubation period of about three weeks suffices.The following experiment is presented: 400 cc. of the toxin produced in the experiment quoted elsewhere (3) and which had been filtered through a small Berkefeld "V" candle served for the ex- periment.Filtration was carried out March 18, 1941.The filtrate contained approximately 160,-000 MLD per cc.for mice, and 50,000 for guinea pigs.Formalin in a quantity of 0.6 cc.(= 0.15 per cent) was added and the material incubated at 370 C. The treatment is tabulated below: March 18 0.15 per cent formalin.Incubated 370 C. March 28 Cold room 5.0 cc. in guinea pig-death in 5 days April 2 370 C. April 4 Cold room 5.0 cc. in guinea pig-death in 5 days April 9 370 C. April 14 Cold room 1.0 cc. in each of several guinea pigs-death in 10 to 14 days April 25 370 C.
High Hopes for the Heart
Authors: Nadia Rosenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Regeneration is an essential function of the human body. Our relatively long life span is predicated on processes that mend damaged muscles, repair broken bones, renew injured skin, replenish blood, and restructure vessels. Flies and nematodes, those experimental paradigms of embryonic development, cannot regenerate their adult tissues and die once their cells have run their course. Despite the inevitable physiologic changes that we experience as we grow old, our tissues are remarkably resistant to the insults of time, because most can rebuild themselves, recapturing their original shape over and over.The heart is less well equipped to deal with injury. . . .
Continuing Occurrence of Thyroid Nodules After Head and Neck Irradiation
Authors: ARTHUR B. SCHNEIDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

We re-examined 158 subjects from a group of 226 previously normal persons who had received head and neck irradiation, 113 with elevated plasma thyroglobulin levels at their first visit and 113 with normal levels. Twenty-four subjects had thyroid scintigrams that had changed in the follow-up interval of 24 to 60 (mean = 45.3) months. Twelve subjects subsequently had thyroidectomy, and five malignancies were found. In the other 12 the changes tended to be more subtle, but in nine they very likely represented thyroid nodules. We conclude that the prevalence of radiation-induced nodules is not decreasing. More changes (17 of 24) occurred in subjects who initially had elevated plasma thyroglobulin levels (p < 0.05). However, the difference was not significant when the analysis was limited to the almost certain development of a nodule. Longer follow-up will be needed to ascertain whether a high thyroglobulin level predicts a greater risk of developing thyroid nodules.
Antiviral Agents, Vaccines, and Immunotherapies
Authors: Upton D. Allen, Chaim M. Roifman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 April 2005Antiviral Agents, Vaccines, and ImmunotherapiesUpton D. Allen, MBBS, MSc and Chaim M. Roifman, MDUpton D. Allen, MBBS, MScFrom Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair Program, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Search for more papers by this author and Chaim M. Roifman, MDFrom Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair Program, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-8-200504190-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Tyring SK. 424 pages. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2005. $189.95. ISBN 0824754085. Order at www.dekker.com.Field of medicine: Virology, infectious diseases, and immunology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians and scientists working in the fields of virology, infectious diseases, and immunology.Purpose: To enhance clinicians' and scientists' knowledge and understanding of current management strategies for viral diseases and the prospects of future advances. Antiviral therapy is an important subject because several major viral infections lack adequate therapy. In some situations, treatments exist, but they are limited by substantial toxicity.Content: The book reviews recent advances in antiretroviral therapies, general antiviral therapies, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair Program, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 April 2005Volume 142, Issue 8Page: 686KeywordsAntiviral therapyAntiviralsChildrenForecastingImmunologyImmunotherapyInfectious diseasesScientistsVaccinesVirology ePublished: 19 April 2005 Issue Published: 19 April 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Optic Chiasm Presentation of Semaphorin6D in the Context of Plexin-A1 and Nr-CAM Promotes Retinal Axon Midline Crossing
Authors: Takaaki Kuwajima, Yutaka Yoshida, Noriko Takegahara, Timothy J. Petros, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Thomas M. Jessell, Takeshi Sakurai, Carol Mason
Journal: Neuron (2012)