tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distal Myocardial Protection During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With an Intracoronary β-Blocker
Authors: Fen Wei Wang, Abdulfatah Osman, Javier Otero, George A. Stouffer, Sergio Waxman, Adnan Afzal, Angelo Anzuini, Barry F. Uretsky
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Experimental studies have demonstrated that intravenous β-blocker administration before coronary artery occlusion significantly reduces myocardial injury. Clinical studies have shown that intracoronary (IC) propranolol administration before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) delays myocardial ischemia. The present study tested the hypothesis that IC propranolol treatment protects ischemic myocardium from myocardial damage and reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and short-term adverse outcomes after PCI. Methods and Results— Patients undergoing PCI (n=150) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive IC propranolol (n=75) or placebo (n=75). Study drug was delivered before first balloon inflation via an intracoronary catheter with the tip distal to the coronary lesion. Biochemical markers were evaluated through the first 24 hours and clinical outcomes to 30 days. Evidence of MI with creatine kinase–MB elevation after PCI was seen in 36% of placebo and 17% of propranolol patients ( P =0.01). Troponin T elevation was seen in 33% of placebo and 13% of propranolol patients ( P =0.005). At 30 days, the composite end point of death, postprocedural MI, non–Q-wave MI after PCI hospitalization, or urgent target-lesion revascularization occurred in 40% of placebo versus 18% of propranolol patients (hazard ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.71, P =0.004). Conclusions— IC administration of propranolol protects the myocardium during PCI, significantly reducing the incidence of MI and improving short-term clinical outcomes.
Management of Supersensitiveness
Authors: J. G. Graham, J. D. O. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1939)

of Reports of Public Analysts for the Year 1938," which is a summary of the reports of all public analysts in England and Wales on samples submitted to them by authori- ties enforcing the food and drugs law.This is an annual publication, but this year it is issued a few months earlier than usual.The pamphlet, in addition to tables showing the number of samples taken in various districts and the types and number of samples of foods and drugs found to be adulter- ated, contains a detailed summary of the actual findings of public analysts.It may be obtained from H.M.
Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology Meeting 2011: ARISTOTLE, SMART‐AV: QLV substudy, SHIFT: echocardiography and quality of life substudies, European CRT Survey, and Basic Science Update
Authors: John G.F. Cleland, Alison P. Coletta, Damien Cullington, Teresa Castiello, Rudolf A. de Boer, Andrew L. Clark
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Update on national toxicology program (NTP) assays with genetically altered or "transgenic" mice.
Authors: J R Bucher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The NTP is evaluating several lines of genetically altered mice for possible use in identifying and assessing carcinogens. The NIEHS/NTP programs and progress in this area were recently reviewed by the NTP Board of Scientific Counselors (BSC). A number of comments and concerns were raised. This commentary summarizes and responds to the BSC review and offers some thoughts on future directions for this line of research as well as possible ways genetically altered mice might be integrated into a comprehensive testing strategy.
Problematic Prostatic Prediction
Authors: David E. Swee
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The article by Chodak and Schoenberg1about a prostatic cancer screening program demonstrates an incorrect use of the term specificity. These authors report  of the rectal examination was 29% because 11 cancers were found among 38 cases with  results from rectal examinations. The correct term for this ratio is the positive predictive value, which is defined as the percentage of patients with a  finding (ie, prostatic abnormalities found on rectal examination) who are eventually shown to truly have the disease (ie, prostatic carcinoma).2Specificity, on the other hand, is the percentage of patients without the disease whose test results (in this case negative results from examination) also indicate they do not have the condition.  From the data given in the article, the true specificity cannot be calculated. Using a previously published sensitivity of rectal examinations (0.69),3the false-negatives can be estimated to
Ventricular Pacing or Dual-Chamber Pacing for Sinus-Node Dysfunction
Authors: Gervasio A. Lamas, Kerry L. Lee, Michael O. Sweeney, Russell Silverman, Angel Leon, Raymond Yee, Roger A. Marinchak, Greg Flaker, Eleanor Schron, E. John Orav, Anne S. Hellkamp, Stephen Greer, John McAnulty, Kenneth Ellenbogen, Frederick Ehlert, Roger A. Freedman, N.A. Mark Estes, Arnold Greenspon, Lee Goldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Dual-chamber (atrioventricular) and single-chamber (ventricular) pacing are alternative treatment approaches for sinus-node dysfunction that causes clinically significant bradycardia. However, it is unknown which type of pacing results in the better outcome.
The Pineal and Its Hormones in the Control of Reproduction in Mammals*
Authors: RUSSEL J. REITER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1980)

ONLY A LITTLE over a decade ago, any discussion of the function of the pineal gland included qualifying adjectives such as alleged, supposed, and putative. In the same vein, since it connoted a hormonal function, rather than referring to the pineal as a gland, the phrase pineal organ was usually employed to describe this portion of the epithalamus. However, this is no longer the case, at least in mammals. By the usual criteria in endocrinology, the pineal now fulfills all the qualifications of an organ of internal secretion. Several major discoveries revolutionized ideas concerning the function of the pineal gland. Certainly, as noted frequently in other reviews, the isolation and identification of N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (melatonin), a pineal hormone, from bovine pineal tissue by Lerner et al. (1, 2) provided a strong impetus for subsequent investigations on this sometimes exasperating organ. At least as important as this discovery, however, were the observations that light and darkness govern both the biosynthetic activity (3, 4) and endocrine capability (5, 6) of the gland. These findings provided the scientific community with a heretofore unknown handle that could be used to exploit and elucidate the functions of the pineal. Indeed, it is my conviction that the one major factor that stymied pineal research until the mid-1960s was the lack of the basic knowledge that the endocrine output of the pineal gland is determined by the photoperiod to which the experimental subjects, be they animals or man, are exposed.
Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Into the Cardiac Phenotype Requires Intercellular Communication With Myocytes
Authors: Meifeng Xu, Maqsood Wani, Yan-Shan Dai, Jiang Wang, Mei Yan, Ahmar Ayub, Muhammad Ashraf
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various cells and can transdifferentiate into myocytes if an appropriate cellular environment is provided. However, the molecular signals that underlie this process are not fully understood. In this study, we show that BMSC differentiation is dependent on communication with cells in their microenvironment. Methods and Results— BMSCs were isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP)–transgenic mice and cocultured with myocytes in a ratio of 1:40. Myocytes were obtained from neonatal rat ventricles. The differentiation of BMSCs in coculture was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Before coculturing, the BMSCs were negative for α-actinin and exhibited a nucleus with many nucleoli. After 7-day coculture with myocytes, some BMSCs became α-actinin–positive and formed gap junctions with native myocytes. However, BMSCs separated from myocytes by a semipermeable membrane were still negative for α-actinin. Transdifferentiated myocytes from BMSCs were microdissected from cocultures by laser captured microdissection to determine the changes in gene expression. BMSCs cocultured with myocytes expressed mouse cardiac transcription factor GATA-4. Conclusions— When cocultured with myocytes, BMSCs can transdifferentiate into cells with a cardiac phenotype. Differentiated myocytes express cardiac transcription factors GATA-4 and myocyte enhancer factor-2. The transdifferentiation processes rely on intercellular communication of BMSCs with myocytes.
Veno-Occlusive Disease of the Liver After Chemotherapy of Acute Leukemia
Authors: PAUL F. GRINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Two adult male patients with acute leukemia developed a fatal Budd-Chiari-like illness while receiving 6-thioguanine. Both had previously received cytosine arabinoside. Antemortem and postmortem specimens of liver showed changes characteristic of toxic veno-occlusive disease. Similar findings have been described after ingestion of certain plant alkaloids and after treatment with arsphenamine, urethane, and ionizing radiation to the liver. We are unaware of any published reports of veno-occlusive disease of the liver after treatment with either 6-thioguanine or cytosine arabinoside. Although 6-thioguanine was most likely responsible for this syndrome, it is not possible to eliminate cytosine arabinoside as the causative agent. Since both drugs are occasionally used for benign conditions, physicians should be aware of this possible complication.
RABBIT ANAPHYLACTIC ANTIBODY
Authors: Nathan J. Zvaifler, Elmer L. Becker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Antibody capable of sensitizing rabbit skin for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis is produced in the rabbit as early as 6 to 7 days following antigenic stimulation. It reaches peak activity around the 9th day and is gone by the 3rd wk. The antibody is heat labile, sensitive to treatment with mercaptoethanol, non-precipitating and does not fix complement. In order to demonstrate PCA activity a latent period is required of from 48 to 72 hr after introduction of the antibody into the rabbit's skin; the activity can persist for at least 17 days. It has a faster electrophoretic mobility than rabbit gammaG-globulin, and is eluted somewhat earlier than gammaG-globulin from Sephadex G-200, although distinctly after gammaM-globulin. No relationship was demonstrated between the rabbit PCA activity and the hemagglutinating activity found in the same sera. The rabbit anaphylactic antibody differs in almost all properties studies from the rabbit 7S antibody capable of sensitizing guinea pigs for PCA which arises at the same time. This latter antibody found early in immunization had properties which were indistinguishable from those described for the rabbit 7S antibody giving PCA in the guinea pig found in late hyperimmune sera.
Dilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase
Authors: Yibing Li, Ting-Ting Huang, Elaine J. Carlson, Simon Melov, Philip C. Ursell, Jean L. Olson, Linda J. Noble, Midori P. Yoshimura, Christoph Berger, Pak H. Chan, Douglas C. Wallace, Charles J. Epstein
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Estimation of Flow Through Bronchial-Pulmonary Vascular Anastomoses with Use of T-1824 Dye
Authors: H. W. FRITTS, P. HARRIS, C. A. CHIDSEY, R. H. CLAUSS, A. COURNAND
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A dye-dilution method devised to estimate the individual outputs of the ventricles has been used to assess the magnitude of the flow through bronchial-pulmonary anastomoses in patients with chronic lung disease. In 10 normal subjects the output of the left ventricle was, on the average, 0.9 per cent larger than the output of the right. In six patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the average value was 2.9 per cent, and in 11 patients with bronchiectasis 9.3 per cent. One patient, who had had her left main pulmonary artery ligated, exhibited an anastomotic flow of 20 per cent. In all groups the flow calculated from the Fick equation agreed within 20 per cent with that from the right ventricle. In the normal subjects and the patients with tuberculosis, the same general agreement between the Fick and the left ventricular output was observed. But in the patients with bronchiectasis and the woman with the ligated pulmonary artery, the Fick calculation underestimated the left ventricular output. This underestimation suggests that the blood traversing the bronchial-pulmonary anastomoses had an oxygen content approximating that in the systemic arterial blood.
Prazosin: severe side effects are dose-dependent.
Authors: C Rosendorff
Journal: BMJ (1976)

spores of Phoma betae (19 patients; 6 )8 Botrytis cinerea (8 patients; 3-2%), Cladosporium herbarum (8 patients; 2-9 0), Sporobolomyces roseum (1 patient; 04 0,).No patient was found to be allergic either clinically or on prick testing to Penicillium nzotatum (a perennial spore) or to Ustilago tritici.None were allergic to the pollen of nettle (Urtica) or plantain (Plantago), both pollens being abundant during the appropriate seasons.
Meet Kimberly Bergalis--the patient in the 'dental AIDS case'
Authors: D. L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Breo paresents the human interest aspects of a Florida case involving the possible transmission of AIDS from a dentist to a patient. The case of Kimberly Bergalis, a young woman with advanced AIDS and no known risk factors except her treatment by a dentist who later died from AIDS, has been investigated by the federal Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The CDC's report on the case, reprinted in JAMA (1990 Sep 5; 264(9): 1092-1093), has generated controversy between those who say that health care worker to patient transmission of AIDS remains unproven, and those who call for mandatory HIV screening of all health personnel. A malpractice suit that will be filed on behalf of Bergalis is expected to generate more interest in the case.
The Heart or a Tumor?
Authors: FABIO PONZO, HONGMING ZHUANG, COURTNEY WOODFIELD, ABASS ALAVI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

PONZO, FABIO M.D.; ZHUANG, HONGMING M.D., PH.D.; WOODFIELD, COURTNEY M.D.; ALAVI, ABASS M.D. Author Information
OUR RELIEF SOCIETIES.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

ing and excellent treatment, all of which will be con¬ ducive to rapid recovery.The conditions here for the successsul treatment of the fever cases are, in my opinion, far better than in any of the large hospitals in cities.It is to be hoped that the entire camp will be vacated in from four to five weeks, as after that time the soil will be thoroughly infected, in spite of all precautions, and the indigenous spread of typhoid fever would follow as an unavoidable sequence.The surgical work consists in the treatment of large abscesses, occurring in patients whose general health has been undermined by disease, or the hardships of the campaign, and operations for hemorrhoids and rectal fistula.Unjust and unnec¬ essary criticism has a demoralizing effect on those directly or indirectly concerned.It is prone to intimidate and confuse those who are criticised and embolden those who look for undeserved sympathy.In this camp there is no further ground for complaint of any kind.It is gen¬ erally known that the Medical Department was not consulted in locating the camps.For reasons known only to those in power, the camps were selected regardless of sanitary conditions.Our troops have been exposed to malaria since they left the State camps, and almost every man shows evidences of more or less malarial poisoning.As the essential cause of malaria enters the body by inhalation, malaria could not be avoided as long as the camps were located on a soil which breeds the plasmodium.Typhoid fever made its appearance in the State camps and followed the army to Chickamauga, Tampa, Alger, Cuba and Porto Rico.It is a repetition of what has happened during all campaigns under similar circumstances.Let the national cry subside now and let the press and people await the results of a thorough investiga¬ tion by Congress, which will place the responsibility for any mismanagement where it belongs.The Med¬ ical Department courts such investigation, fully con¬ fident that the blame will be fixed outside of its legit¬ imate jurisdiction.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Splenic stroma drives mature dendritic cells to differentiate into regulatory dendritic cells
Authors: Minghui Zhang, Hua Tang, Zhenhong Guo, Huazhang An, Xuejun Zhu, Wengang Song, Jun Guo, Xin Huang, Taoyong Chen, Jianli Wang, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Dutch might introduce no-claim bonus for health insurance
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Dutch government is supporting plans to introduce a no-claim system into health insurance, giving patients a financial incentive to consume less health care. Patients whose care costs less than an average for their age group could have their health insurance premium refunded by up to €230 (£156; $282) each year.

Health minister Hans Hoogervorst, who this week called for 10% or …
Doctors and administrators
Authors: A S Gardiner
Journal: BMJ (1976)

developed chronic hepatitis.Their sera were checked by Dr Eddleston and were also e-antigen and e-antibody negative.As reported,' we have been using a test of in-vivo macrophage (Kupffer cell) function by means of the clearance of microaggregated iodinated human serum albumin.Our normal values expressed as half life are 141 +3 3 min, and these particular patients had values of 25, 40, and 40 min respectively.The last two patients have died.These results are in contrast to those of other patients with chronic hepatitis who have been studied and have been found to have normal Kupffer cell function.2Dr Galbraith and his colleagues have evidence that their patients had some cellular and humoral immunity.We have evidence that the patients at risk have impaired macrophage function.Indeed it has previously been postulated that one of the important functions of the Kupffer cell is to protect the hepatic parenchymal cells from viral infection.
My Dear Colleague: Are You Considering Suicide?-Reply
Authors: Victor M. Victoroff
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Few of my papers have given me such gratification and such a feeling of having said exactly what I wanted to say as  Dear Colleague: Are You Considering Suicide? Almost none has elicited the intensity of response expressed in the two letters published above.  Dr Sargent worked mightily on the joint American Medical Association/ American Psychiatric Association Advisory Panel on Physician Mortality. The work of his group has improved our ability to predict when physicians are at risk and to act with confidence to help prevent their suicides. The profession owes Dr Sargent and his co-workers heartfelt thanks.  I now turn to his quibbles. Indeed, at the moment that a potential victim reaches the decision to commit suicide he may be irrational. My appeal, consistent with my thesis of confrontation and engagement, is for appropriate intervention before the potential victim has lost control.  It is probable that
Epidemiology of familial sarcoidosis in the UK
Authors: D S McGrath
Journal: Thorax (2000)

The last comprehensive epidemiological studies on familial sarcoidosis in the UK were more than 25 years ago, reporting another affected family member in 1.7% of index cases. A significant proportion of like-sex over unlike-sex pairs, an excess of mother-child over father-child associations, and a preponderance of monozygous over dizygous twins was noted. Another study reported ethnic heterogeneity in familial disease. This study was undertaken to identify the risk ratio (lambda(S)) for siblings of familial sarcoidosis in the UK, to determine if the previous epidemiological findings have persisted, and to reassess whether ethnic heterogeneity prevails in familial disease.Questionnaires were sent to 406 index patients.Two hundred and sixty eight replies (66%) were received. Twenty four of the original 406 index patients (5.91%) were found to have at least one other relative (first, second or third degree) with biopsy proven sarcoidosis. A lambda(S) value of 36-73 was calculated indicating significant familial clustering of the disease. Ethnically the families comprised 62.5% Caucasian, 29.2% Afro-Caribbean, and 8.3% Asian. Mean age at diagnosis was 39.8 years for women and 40.9 years for men with a male to female ratio of 1:1.7. This differed for the Asian families in which all the affected members were male. Three sets of female twins (two monozygous and one dizygous) were included. There was an equal distribution of like-sex (primarily female) and unlike-sex families as well as mother-child and father-child pairs. Pulmonary involvement was predominant irrespective of ethnicity, as was the need for corticosteroid treatment.These results support the theory that a shared determinant (either genetic or environmental) is operating in familial sarcoidosis and suggest that this determinant is similar for all ethnic groups.
Settling for less? Tobacco industry.
Authors: R C Dahl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In November 1998, a coalition of state negotiators and five tobacco companies reached an agreement in which the cigarette makers would pay out the biggest financial settlement in history, $206 billion over the next 25 years to 46 states, to compensate for the medical treatment of patients suffering from tobacco-related health problems. Critics of the settlement say the tobacco companies are getting off the hook too easily, and that the deal's public health provisions are unacceptably riddled with loopholes. But the attorneys general who negotiated the settlement defended it as a good deal-but clearly not as a panacea. Ultimately, they feel, Congress should pass legislation to provide essential reforms, including full Food and Drug Administration authority over tobacco.
The Potent Pressor Effect of Phenylpropanolamine in Patients With Autonomic Impairment
Authors: Italo Biaggioni
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We determined the pressor effect of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, a widely used sympathomimetic agent, in 14 patients with autonomic failure and orthostatic hypotension. Blood pressure was monitored every five minutes in the sitting position with an automated device. Oral administration of 25 mg of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in nine patients produced significant increases in systolic (32 mm Hg), diastolic (15 mm Hg), and mean (21 mm Hg) blood pressures. The pressor effect appeared within the first 60 minutes and was still present at 105 minutes. There was no change in heart rate. Blood pressure was also significantly raised by administration of 12.5 mg of oral phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in five additional patients. We conclude that administration of 25 mg of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride elicits a potent pressor response in patients with orthostatic hypotension and that significant hypertension may result.