tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytokeratins as serum markers in lung cancer: a comparison of CYFRA 21-1 and TPS.
Authors: J L Pujol, J Grenier, E Parrat, M Lehmann, T Lafontaine, X Quantin, F B Michel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We examined two recently described cytokeratin markers, CYFRA 21-1 (cytokeratin fragment recognized by KS 19-1 and BM 19-21 antibodies) and TPS (specific M3 epitope of the tissue polypeptide antigen), in 405 lung cancer patients (91 small-cell and 314 non-small-cell lung cancers) and 59 patients presenting with nonmalignant pulmonary disease. Sensitivity-specificity relationship, as analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves, demonstrated a higher accuracy of CYFRA 21-1 in comparison with TPS in both small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancers. Thresholds of 3.6 ng/ml and 140 U/L for CYFRA 21-1 and TPS respectively gave a 90% to 95% specificity. Sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 was the highest in squamous-cell carcinomas (0.61) and the lowest in small-cell lung cancers (0.36), whereas sensitivity of TPS did not vary significantly according to histology (overall sensitivity, 0.40). In non-small-cell lung cancers, both serum CYFRA 21-1 and serum TPS distributions varied significantly according to Mountain's stage of the disease, nodal status, tumor status, and performance status, inasmuch as the worse each above-mentioned variable became, the higher the median and interquartile serum marker level was. Neither CYFRA 21-1 nor TPS was able to accurately discriminate between stage IIIa (marginally resectable) and stage IIIb (unresectable) non-small-cell lung cancers, however. In both small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancers, univariate survival analyses demonstrated that either a CYFRA 21-1 level over 3.6 ng/ml or a TPS level over 140 U/L significantly indicated a poor survival rate. In the whole population, taking into account other significant variables, Cox's model analysis demonstrated that a poor performance index, an advanced stage of the disease, the presence of metastases, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, and high serum CYFRA 21-1 (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, [1.33-2.27] were independent prognostic variables. We concluded that CYFRA 21-1 is a significant determinant of survival. Other applications of cytokeratin markers in lung cancer are still limited.
Prognostic Factors for Occult Inguinal Lymph Node Involvement in Penile Carcinoma and Assessment of the High-Risk EAU Subgroup: A Two-Institution Analysis of 342 Clinically Node-Negative Patients
Authors: Niels M. Graafland, Wayne Lam, Joost A.P. Leijte, Tet Yap, Maarten P.W. Gallee, Cathy Corbishley, Erik van Werkhoven, Nick Watkin, Simon Horenblas
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Weight Loss With Self-help Compared With a Structured Commercial Program
Authors: Stanley Heshka, James W. Anderson, Richard L. Atkinson, Frank L. Greenway, James O. Hill, Stephen D. Phinney, Ronette L. Kolotkin, Karen Miller-Kovach, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context Although commercial weight loss programs provide treatment to millions of clients, their efficacy has not been evaluated in rigorous long-term trials. Objective To compare weight loss and health benefits achieved and maintained through self-help weight loss vs with a structured commercial program. Design and Setting A 2-year, multicenter randomized clinical trial with clinic visits at 12, 26, 52, 78, and 104 weeks conducted at 6 academic research centers in the United States between January 1998 and January 2001. Participants Overweight and obese men (n = 65) and women (n = 358) (body mass index, 27-40) aged 18 to 65 years. Intervention Random assignment to either a self-help program (n = 212) consisting of two 20-minute counseling sessions with a nutritionist and provision of self-help resources or to a commercial weight loss program (n = 211) consisting of a food plan, an activity plan, and a cognitive restructuring behavior modification plan, delivered at weekly meetings. Main Outcome Measures Weight change was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, serum lipids, glucose, and insulin levels. Results At 2 years, 150 participants (71%) in the commercial group and 159 (75%) in the self-help group completed the study. In the intent-to-treat analysis, mean (SD) weight loss of participants in the commercial group was greater than in the self-help group at 1 year (−4.3 [6.1] kg vs −1.3 [6.1] kg, respectively; P &amp;amp;lt;.001) and at 2 years (−2.9 [6.5] kg vs −0.2 [6.5] kg, respectively; P &amp;amp;lt;.001). Waist circumference ( P = .003) and body mass index ( P &amp;amp;lt;.001) decreased more in the commercial group. Changes in blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin levels were related to changes in weight in both groups, but between-group differences in biological parameters were mainly nonsignificant by year 2. Conclusion The structured commercial weight loss program provided modest weight loss but more than self-help over a 2-year period.
Case of Utero-Vesical Fistula: Novel Means of Relief
Authors: I. Harrinson
Journal: BMJ (1845)

Mr. President and Gentlemen,-I hasten to bring before you the following case for two reasons-Ist., because the remedy has been a novel, if not original, application of a very simple means; and, 2ndly, with the hope that the same means may prove applicable in similar cases, and thus go a great way towards the cure of an hitherto generally considered incurable and irremediable disease.The subject was Mrs. H., aged 41, delivered of her last child, the seventh, five years before.The labour was severe, protracted to fifty-seven hours, and eventually
Chronic destructive lung disease associated with a novel mycobacterium.
Authors: S Emler, T Rochat, P Rohner, C Perrot, R Auckenthaler, L Perrin, B Hirschel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

A woman born in 1920 has suffered from a chronic destructive lung disease since 1972, with development of a severe combined restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defect. Large quantities of acid-fast microorganisms have been repeatedly observed in her sputum. Multiple courses of antimycobacterial treatment did not stop the progression of the disease. The mycobacterium involved was first identified as Mycobacterium gordonae, and later as Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Analysis of part of the amplified gene of the 16S rRNA, however, revealed that its sequence differed from that of any established mycobacterial species, although it was observed once before in a German lymph node isolate, for which the name "Mycobacterium interjectum" has been proposed. Retrospective analysis confirmed the presence of this sequence in frozen samples which had been provided by the patient in 1983, 1985, 1989, 1990, and 1993. Our case confirms the value of amplification and sequencing of mycobacterial 16S rRNA for classifying mycobacteria, and suggests that "Mycobacterium interjectum" may be involved in cases of chronic destructive lung disease.
Health Care Delivery in Anesthesia
Authors: James E. Cottrell
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book is a written collection of papers and questions and answers presented at a symposium-workshop on the Epidemiology and Demography of Anesthesia, held in Washington, DC, on Nov 2 and 3, 1977. The title of the book, however, differs from the title of the symposium and suggests to the reader that a plan for rational delivery of anesthesia services will be outlined. Since the meeting and participants were sponsored by the Association of University Anesthetists, the emphasis of the text is understandably academically oriented, and terms like critical incident, probability, population studies, control variables, and epidemiology occur repeatedly and attest to the book's strong statistical base. Some of the participants and authors are professionals of great responsibility and expertise in anesthesia delivery. Others are part of the team, quantitating the effectiveness and safety of this delivery. The team approach and surgical necessity of such are presented in a holistic and
Bone GLA protein in predialysis chronic renal failure. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 administration in a long-term follow-up
Authors: Giorgio Coen, Sandro Mazzaferro, Ermanno Bonucci, Franco Taggi, Paola Ballanti, Anna R. Bianchi, Giuseppe Donato, Carlo Massimetti, Antonella Smacchi, Giulio A. Cinotti
Journal: Kidney International (1985)
Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Mechanotransduction by the Cardiac Cycle
Authors: Keiji Yamamoto, Quynh N. Dang, Yoshikazu Maeda, Hayden Huang, Ralph A. Kelly, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Overloading the left ventricle in systole (pressure overload) is associated with a distinct morphological response compared with overload in diastole (volume overload). Methods and Results —We designed a novel computer-controlled experimental system that interfaces biaxially uniform strain with electrical pacing, so that cellular deformation can be imposed during a specified phase of the cardiac cycle. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to strain (4%) during either the first third (systolic phase) or last third (diastolic phase) of the cardiac cycle. Strain imposed during the systolic phase selectively activated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK/extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2, an activator of p44/42 MAPK) compared with strain imposed during the diastolic phase. In contrast, there was no difference in activation of p38 and c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinases induced by strain imposed during the systolic phase (5.8- and 3.3-fold versus control, n=4) compared with the diastolic phase (5.5- and 3.1-fold). Induction of both brain natriuretic peptide (5.8-fold versus control, P &lt;0.05, n=3) and tenascin-C (7.0-fold, P &lt;0.02) mRNA expression by strain imposed during the systolic phase was greater than during the diastolic phase (3.9- and 3.6-fold, respectively). [ 3 H]leucine incorporation induced by strain imposed during the systolic phase (4.0-fold versus control) was greater than during the diastolic phase (2.7-fold, P &lt;0.02, n=4); a selective inhibitor of MEK1/2 inhibited this difference. Conclusions —Mechanical activation of p44/42 MAPK and MEK1/2, gene expression, and protein synthesis is regulated by the cardiac cycle, suggesting that mechanotransduction at the cellular level may underlie differences between pressure and volume overload of the heart.
Drowning Mortality in Los Angeles County
Authors: Sharon P. Cooper, James A. Griffith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> O'Carroll and colleagues<sup>1</sup>presented an important population-based study on deaths due to drowning in Los Angeles County from 1976 to 1984; however, their calculation of death rates may have been erroneous. They correctly point out that there is geographic variability in death rates due to drowning across the United States. It is therefore essential that the calculation of rates be comparable across studies and be described adequately in "Methods" sections of research reports. It seems that the study by O'Carroll et al calculated average annual death rates due to drowning by including in the numerator the number of deaths recorded in the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office during the 9 years and in the denominator the resident population census data (multiplied by 9 years). However, it is important to distinguish between place of occurrence of death and residence at the time of death. Although their "Methods"
Encephalitis and Influenza
Authors: J. M. Dunbar, W. M. Jamieson, J. H. M. Langlands, G. H. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MWICAL JOURNAL of cases the staphylococci were of the resistant type generally associated with hospitals.Second attacks of influenza within a period of seven weeks are reported.Attention is drawn to two cases of encephalitis which are possibly influenzal in origin.Measures for the treatment of influenzal pneumonia are discussed.A plea is made for further studies on the local epidemiology of influenzal pneumonia, especi- ally from the point of view of the bacterial component.We wish to thank Professor W. J. Tulloch for facilities, and to express our gratitude to the nursing staff of King's Cross Hospital for their care of the patients and to Sister Alma Mitchell for her help in the collection of specimens for bacteriological examination.Dr.
Long-term follow-up of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with benign bilioenterostomy stricture
Authors: A. Weber, B. Rosca, B. Neu, T. Rösch, E. Frimberger, P. Born, R. Schmid, C. Prinz
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and aims: Anastomotic strictures are well-known complications after bilioenterostomy. Endoscopic procedures are usually not possible in patients with a bilioenterostomy. Hence, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has become the treatment of choice for the management of these patients. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the long-term follow-up of PTBD in such patients.
Oriental hornet venom-induced hepatic injury: The first animal-produced hepatotoxin?
Authors: HYMANJ ZIMMERMAN
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The hepatotoxic effect of venom sac extract (VSE) of the Oriental hornet has already been demonstrated using the well-known models of experimental toxicology: in vivo , isolated in situ and in vitro . The present work deals with a series of 48 rats treated daily with 5 mg VSE/kg body weight for 1-14 days. Serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured. Liver tissue fractionation was performed. Detailed information on the topographical and functional aspects of some enzyme changes was obtained in respect to the number of envenomations. The biochemical alterations are partially reversible. The biochemically proven liver damage induced by VSE correlated well with previous electron microscopic observations of damage to mitochondria and cell membranes.
Colorectal cancer metastases: evaluate current practice before introducing the "next new thing"
Authors: P. Storz-Pfennig
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The story of colorectal cancer metastasectomy does not end with Treasure and colleagues’ fascinating tale.1 A recent randomised trial looked at the usefulness of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for identifying suitable candidates for colorectal cancer liver metastasis surgery.2 Unlike an earlier trial, which had profound weaknesses, it found no evidence of …
NOT INTERMEDIATE BUT HIGH SIGNAL-INTENSITY LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT IN CMRI PREDICTS MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: RESULT FROM LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Akira Funada, Hideaki Kanzaki, Teruo Noguchi, Masafumi Kitakaze, Toshihisa Anzai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reducing Residual Risk in Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Neil J. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2012)

P revention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) spans the human lifespan, including primordial, primary, and secondary prevention efforts.Extensive evidence from epidemiological, genetic, and animal studies confirms the central importance of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) in atherosclerotic CVD events. 1 The Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration provides perperson documentation from large-scale randomized clinical trials of the striking reduction in CVD events per 1 mmol (38.8 mg/dL) of LDL-C lowering with statins over a wide range of baseline LDL-C values. 2,3It is worth recalling that the major statin trials were not designed to determine the effectiveness of titration to LDL-C or even to non-highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol goals by statins but were fixed-dose comparisons of various statins against placebo and then, more recently, large-dose statin therapy versus moderate-dose statin therapy.What is not so clear is whether we can intervene to reduce so-called residual risk further in secondary prevention patients optimally treated with statin therapy.A promising short list of proposed potential targets other than LDL includes efforts to promote smoking cessation and therapies to improve the prothrombotic and inflammatory state of the metabolic syndrome and to control elevated blood pressure.
Residual β-Cell Function and Male/Female Ratio Are Higher in Incident Young Adults Than in Children
Authors: Graziella Bruno, Franco Cerutti, Franco Merletti, Paolo Cavallo-Perin, Enrico Gandolfo, Marina Rivetti, Cristina Runzo, Silvia Pinach, Gianfranco Pagano
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE— The hypothesis of age-dependent variations in epidemiologic and clinical features at onset of type 1 diabetes has been assessed in the registry of the province of Turin, Italy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— The study base is the population 0–29 years of age of the province of Turin, in the period from 1984 to 2000. Islet cell antibody (ICA), GAD antibody (GADA), antibodies to protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA2), and C-peptide were measured in subgroups of the cohort. RESULTS— One thousand fifty-six incident cases have been identified (completeness of ascertainment 98.1%). Rates per 100,000 person-years were similar in males and females in the age-group 0–14 years (10.7, 95% CI 9.5–12.0 vs. 9.8, 8.6–11.1). In the age-group 15–29 years, males had higher risk than females (7.7, 6.9–8.6 vs. 5.3, 4.6–6.1; rate ratio, 1.46, 95% CI 1.23–1.74; P = 0.00002). Fasting plasma C-peptide values (n = 575) were twofold lower in the age-group 0–14 years than in the age-group 15–29 years (0.10 vs. 0.23 nmol/l; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Frequencies of ICA and IA2 positivities (n = 183) decreased with increasing age, whereas frequency of GADA positivity increased. Idiopathic cases were 12.6% and had higher mean values of fasting (0.28 vs. 0.14 nmol/l; P = 0.043) and stimulated C-peptide (0.59 vs. 0.34 nmol/l; P = 0.05). In logistic regression analyses, subjects with fasting C-peptide values in the upper quartile had higher likelihood of being older (odds ratio 1.20 for year, 95% CI 1.11–1.28), ICA negative (0.26, 0.10–0.70), and female (1.29, 0.48–3.42). CONCLUSIONS— This study shows 1) sex differences in incidence rates in young adults; 2) better preserved β-cell function in young adults, in idiopathic cases (12%), and in ICA-negative cases; and 3) lower frequencies of ICA and IA2 positivities and higher frequency of GADA positivity in young adults than in children.
Shrinking budgets, improving care: Trade-offs are unavoidable
Authors: Y. Zalmanovitch, D. R Vashdi
Journal: BMJ (2010)

All countries are facing the question of how to maintain the quality of care in the face of static or shrinking health budgets. In the NHS it’s estimated that savings of over £20bn need to be made in the next few years. <b>Graham Rich</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1251) and <b>Phil Leonard</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1258) argue that the NHS can save money while maintaining and improving the quality of care and set out their views on how to do this. But <b>Yair Zalmanovitch</b> and <b>Dana Vashdi</b> think that something will have to suffer
Novel mouse model for carcinoembryonic antigen-based therapy
Authors: Carlos H.F Chan, Clifford P Stanners
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Many novel cancer therapies, including immunotherapy and gene therapy, are specifically targeted to tumor-associated molecules, among which carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) represents a popular example. Discrepancies between preclinical experimental data in animal models and clinical outcome in terms of therapeutic response and toxicity, however, often arise. Preclinical testing can be compromised by the lack of CEA and other closely related human CEA family members in rodents, which lack analogous genes for most human CEA family members. Here, we report the construction of a transgenic mouse with a 187-kb human bacterial artificial chromosome (CEABAC) that contains part of the human CEA family gene cluster including complete human CEA (CEACAM5), CEACAM3, CEACAM6, and CEACAM7 genes. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of these genes in the CEABAC mice was found to be remarkably similar to that of humans. This novel mouse will ensure better assessment than previously utilized models for the preclinical testing of CEA-targeted therapies and perhaps allow the testing of CEACAM6, which is overexpressed in many solid tumors and leukemias, as a therapeutic target. Moreover, expression of CEA family genes in gastrointestinal, breast, hematopoietic, urogenital, and respiratory systems could facilitate other clinical applications, such as the development of therapeutic agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections, which use CEA family members as major receptors.
Odorranalectin-conjugated nanoparticles: Preparation, brain delivery and pharmacodynamic study on Parkinson's disease following intranasal administration
Authors: Ziyi Wen, Zhiqiang Yan, Kaili Hu, Zhiqing Pang, Xufei Cheng, LiangRan Guo, Qizhi Zhang, Xinguo Jiang, Liang Fang, Ren Lai
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Regulatory T-Cell Responses to Low-Dose Interleukin-2 in HCV-Induced Vasculitis
Authors: David Saadoun, Michelle Rosenzwajg, Florence Joly, Adrien Six, Fabrice Carrat, Vincent Thibault, Damien Sene, Patrice Cacoub, David Klatzmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Patients with vasculitis induced by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have reduced levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Resolution of HCV infection correlates with cure of vasculitis and the recovery of Treg levels. We reasoned that interleukin-2, a cytokine that promotes Treg survival and function, could be beneficial for patients with vasculitis that is resistant to HCV therapy.
Isoniazid and Liver Disease
Authors: D.L. BRUMMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Editorial Notes1 October 1971Isoniazid and Liver DiseaseD.L. BRUMMER, M.D.D.L. BRUMMER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-4-643 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1967 surveillance teams at the Center for Disease Control noted that the reported incidence of isoniazidassociated liver disease in a population receiving preventive therapy with isoniazid was higher than that reported in early large group trials. This fact was brought to the attention of the Tuberculosis Control Advisory Committee and the Therapy Committee of the American Thoracic Society. At that time, because of the large number of patients on preventive therapy, it was thought that the liver disease being seen was no more than might be expected in a population of this size. In 1969 Scharer and Smith (1)...References1. SCHARERSMITH LJ: Serum transaminase elevations and other hepatic abnormalities in patients receiving isoniazid. Ann Intern Med 71:1113-1120, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Summary of the report of the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee on Isoniazid and Liver Disease. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 20:231-234, 1971 Google Scholar3. : Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Isoniazid and Liver Disease, March 17-18, 1971. Atlanta, Ga., Center for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1971 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Va. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrug-induced liver injury in childrenHepatotoxicity of Antibacterials: Pathomechanisms and Clinical DataDrug-related Hepatotoxicity and Acute Liver FailureHepatotoxicity Due to Antibiotics 1 October 1971Volume 75, Issue 4Page: 643-644KeywordsDisease surveillanceIsoniazidLiver diseasesPreventive medicine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...