tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chest Pain Duration in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: James R. Ledwich
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Routine clinical and laboratory data were collected from 70 patients with first myocardial infarcts. Compared with the 35 patients whose chest pain duration was less than eight hours, those with chest pain eight hours or longer had higher rises in creatine phosphokinase and SGOT levels, greater summed ST segments (taken from the 12-lead ECG), more transmural infarcts, greater cardiac volumes (measured from subsequent chest roentgenograms), higher temperature rises, and higher WBC counts. These reuslts suggest that pain duration may be an indicator of infarct size.
Government promises new steps to deal with antimicrobial resistance
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A new action plan to tackle antimicrobial resistance is expected later this autumn from the government, which has claimed to view the issue as deadly serious.

In a report published in July,1 MPs on the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee criticised the government for not taking sufficiently urgent action to deal with the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. At that time, they welcomed Prime Minister David Cameron’s announcement2 of a two year review …
Long-term effects of polymer-based, slow-release, sirolimus-eluting stents in a porcine coronary model
Authors: A CARTER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Stent-based delivery of sirolimus (SRL) has shown reduction in neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chronic vascular response and the expression of cell cycle regulators after SRL-eluting stent implantation in a porcine coronary model.Forty-nine pigs underwent placement of 109 oversized stents (control, n=54, SRL (140 microg/cm(2)), n=55) in the coronary arteries with histologic analysis and Western blot (PCNA, p27(kip1), CD45, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-beta) at 3, 30, 90 or 180 days.At 3 days, the mean thrombus area was similar for control (0.38+/-0.19 mm(2)) and SRL (0.29+/-0.09 mm(2)) stents. After 30 days, the mean neointimal area was significantly less for the SRL (1.40+/-0.35 mm(2)) versus the control stents (2.94+/-1.28 mm(2), p<0.001). At 90 and 180 days, the mean neointimal area was similar for the SRL (3.03+/-0.92 and 3.34+/-0.99 mm(2)) as compared with control stents (3.45+/-1.09 and 3.65+/-1.23 mm(2)). Western blot analysis demonstrated an increased expression of p27(kip1) in the vessel wall at 90 days for the SRL versus control stents (p=0.05) but with increased levels of PCNA in the SRL as compared with control stents (p=0.003).SRL-eluting stents favorably modulate neointimal formation for 30 days in the porcine coronary model. Long-term inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia is not sustained presumably due to delayed cellular proliferation despite increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase p27(kip1) in the vessel wall.
Risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy
Authors: Karen Redhead, Peter Eastwood, Christopher Griffin
Journal: Thorax (2014)

The stimulating paper of Pien et al 1 reported the findings of a prospective cohort study of pregnant women examining risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). It was notable that, despite a marked increase in the number of women with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) from the first to third trimester (from 10.5% to 26.7%, respectively), there were no significant associations between any SDB variable and development of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia …
Does lung cancer mutation status and targeted therapy predict for outcomes and local control in the setting of brain metastases treated with radiation?
Authors: Tony J. C. Wang, Shumaila Saad, Yasir H. Qureshi, Ashish Jani, Tavish Nanda, Andrew M. Yaeh, Tzlil Rozenblat, Michael B. Sisti, Jeffrey N. Bruce, Guy M. McKhann, Jeraldine Lesser, Balazs Halmos, Mark B. Stoopler, Andrew B. Lassman, Simon K. Cheng, Steven R. Isaacson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

We investigated effects of genetic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) on overall survival (OS) and local control after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A cohort of 89 out of 262 NSCLC patients (2003-2013) treated with gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastases had genotyping available and were selected as our study population.Median follow-up was 12 months. Median OS rates for the EGFR, KRAS, echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK mutated, and wild-type cohorts were 17, 7, 27, and 12 months, respectively (P = .019), and for targeted versus nontargeted therapy 21 and 11 months, respectively (P = .071). Targeted therapy was a strong predictor of increased OS on univariate (P = .037) and multivariate (P = .022) analysis. Gender, primary tumor controlled status, recursive partitioning analysis class, and graded prognostic assessment score were associated with OS (P < .05). On multivariate analysis, positive EGFR mutational status was a highly significant predictor for decreased survival (hazard ratio: 8.2; 95% CI: 2.0-33.7; P = .003). However, when we recategorized EGFR-mutant cases based on whether they received tyrosine kinase inhibitor, OS was no longer significantly shorter (hazard ratio: 1.5; P = .471). Median OS for patients with and without local failure was 17 and 12 months, respectively (P = .577). Local failure rates for EGFR, KRAS, EML4-ALK mutated, and wild-type cohorts by lesion were 8.7%, 5.4%, 4.3%, and 5.1%, respectively.This study suggests that EGFR tyrosine kinase mutation and ALK translocation results in improved survival to targeted therapies and that mutation status itself does not predict survival and local control in patients with brain metastases from NSCLC.
Early origin of foraminifera suggested by SSU rRNA gene sequences
Authors: J. Pawlowski, I. Bolivar, J. F. Fahrni, T. Cavalier-Smith, M. Gouy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Foraminifera are one of the largest groups of unicellular eukaryotes with probably the best known fossil record. However, the origin of foraminifera and their phylogenetic relationships with other eukaryotes are not well established. In particular, two recent reports, based on ribosomal RNA gene sequences, have reached strikingly different conclusions about foraminifera's evolutionary position within eukaryotes. Here, we present the complete small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences of three species of foraminifera. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences indicates that they branch very deeply in the eukaryotic evolutionary tree: later than those of the amitochondrial Archezoa, but earlier than those of the Euglenozoa and other mitochondria-bearing phyla. Foraminifera are clearly among the earliest eukaryotes with mitochondria, but because of the peculiar nature of their SSU genes we cannot be certain that they diverged first, as our data suggest.
Targeting ornithine decarboxylase in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis prevents tumor formation
Authors: Jonas A. Nilsson, Ulrich B. Keller, Troy A. Baudino, Chunying Yang, Sara Norton, Jennifer A. Old, Lisa M. Nilsson, Geoffrey Neale, Debora L. Kramer, Carl W. Porter, John L. Cleveland
Journal: Cancer Cell (2005)
Physical Mechanisms of Anesthesia
Authors: S H Roth
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1979)

It still remains unclear how anesthetics exert their pharmacological effects on excitable tissues and produce the physiological phenomenon known as anesthesia. The study of the mechanism of anesthetics is as old as anesthesia itself. The literature on this subject has developed for over a century. One of the major problems in developing a theory of the mechanism for these agents is the failure to define a structural requirement for activity; the other is the complexity of the system affected, the central nervous system (CNS). At one end of the spectrum, there is the complexity of the central nervous system, primarily due to the histological heterogeneity of the different cell types that comprise the CNS (l). At the other end is the complexity of the structure and function of the basic cellular membrane, which may also vary with cell types (1). Anesthesia can be produced by a wide variety of chemical agents, ranging from inert rare gases to steroid molecules (2, 3). The diversity of chemical structure of anesthetics suggests a lack of a specific receptor site, but the excellent correlation of lipid solubility with potency implies an interaction with hydrophobic regions in the membrane. Since physical properties such as lipid solubility are governed by intermolecular forces (4, 5), these proper­ ties, compared to anesthetic potency, have been the primary focus of re­ search into the physical mechanisms of anesthesia and have led to the basis for a unitary theory of anesthesia which suggests that all anesthetics act via
Can modulating corticotropin releasing hormone receptors alter visceral sensitivity?
Authors: S Fukudo
Journal: Gut (2006)

Activation of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) receptor 2 (CRH-R2) reduces visceral sensitivity induced by colorectal distension in conscious rats. This finding is relevant to the increased interest in the potential use of therapeutic agents that act on CRH receptors in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Prediction of Mortality Using Measures of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in the Diabetic and Nondiabetic Population: The MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study
Authors: Dan Ziegler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We thank Salvi et al. (1) for their interest in our study (2). While there is no doubt that a number of diseases and drugs may contribute to corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) has been identified as one of these contributing factors. CAN is 2.3 times (95% CI 1.9–2.7) more likely to be present in diabetic patients with than in those without QTc prolongation (2). Recently, a reasonable …
Through Thick and Thin
Authors: Alexandra C. McPherron
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

In an intriguing new study, Loffredo et al report that joining the circulation of old mice with that of young mice reduces age-related cardiac hypertrophy. They also found that the growth factor growth/differentiation factor 11 is a circulating negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy which suggests that raising growth/differentiation factor 11 levels may be useful to treat cardiac hypertrophy associated with aging.
West Nile encephalitis
Authors: Tom Solomon, Mong How Ooi, David W C Beasley, Macpherson Mallewa
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<i>Although West Nile encephalitis is yet to spread to the United Kingdom, it is becoming more prevalent in the rest of the world. This article reviews the recent outbreaks and examines the current methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention</i>
Progressive Endobronchial Premalignancy: Marked by Original CIN
Authors: Christopher D. Coldren, York E. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Whatever the underlying mechanisms of morphine-induced dyspnea relief, the clinically relevant message of the study of Banzett and colleagues is that morphine may be a promising compound for the relief of air hunger, the most typical variant of dyspnea (9).Most importantly, this study presents a new, promising, well-controlled experimental model that may substantially improve testing of therapeutic intervention for dyspnea, which, given the high prevalence and the stressful nature of this symptom, remains a crucial issue.
Effects of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction on Mortality Risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial
Authors: Rodica Pop-Busui, Gregory W. Evans, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Vivian Fonseca, Jerome L. Fleg, Byron J. Hoogwerf, Saul Genuth, Richard H. Grimm, Marshall A. Corson, Ronald Prineas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Intensive therapy targeting normal blood glucose increased mortality compared with standard treatment in a randomized clinical trial of 10,251 participants with type 2 diabetes at high-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We evaluated whether the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) at baseline modified the effect of intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment on mortality outcomes in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial participants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CAN was assessed by measures of heart rate variability (HRV) and QT index (QTI) computed from 10-s resting electrocardiograms in 8,135 ACCORD trial participants with valid measurements (mean age 63.0 years, 40% women). Prespecified CAN definitions included a composite of the lowest quartile of HRV and highest QTI quartile in the presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy. Outcomes were all-cause and CVD mortality. Associations between CAN and mortality were evaluated by proportional hazards analysis, adjusting for treatment group allocation, CVD history, and multiple prespecified baseline covariates. RESULTS During a mean 3.5 years follow-up, there were 329 deaths from all causes. In fully adjusted analyses, participants with baseline CAN were 1.55–2.14 times as likely to die as participants without CAN, depending on the CAN definition used (P &amp;lt; 0.02 for all). The effect of allocation to the intensive group on all-cause and CVD mortality was similar in participants with or without CAN at baseline (Pinteraction &amp;gt; 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Whereas CAN was associated with increased mortality in this high-risk type 2 diabetes cohort, these analyses indicate that participants with CAN at baseline had similar mortality outcomes from intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment in the ACCORD cohort.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
Authors: A. R. Midgley, G. B. Pierce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Through the use of immunohistochemical techniques, human chorionic gonadotropin has been localized to syncytiotrophoblastic cells of immature placenta, hydatidiform mole, chorioadenoma destruens, and choriocarcinoma. No gonadotropin has been detected in cytotrophoblast. Evidence is discussed which suggests that syncytiotrophoblast is the cell of origin of human chorionic gonadotropin. The observation that formalin fixation did not alter the ability of human chorionic gonadotropin to react with its specific antibody permitted the study of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues stored in the tissue collection. In addition, the excellence of histologic preparations following formalin fixation facilitated cytologic identification.
A Protective Role for Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lisa J. McCawley, Howard C. Crawford, Lloyd E. King, John Mudgett, Lynn M. Matrisian
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3/stromelysin-1) is associated with a variety of tumor types, although its in vivo functional role remains unclear. In human and murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), MMP-3 is expressed in the stromal compartment at all of the stages of tumor progression and is expressed by the malignant epithelial cells in late-stage, highly invasive tumors. To elucidate whether MMP-3 plays a causal role during SCC, wild-type and MMP-3 null mice were subjected to chemical carcinogenesis procedures by topical application of either the complete carcinogen 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitroso-guanidine or two-stage initiation and promotion with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Contrasting with our expectations, tumors originating on MMP-3 null mice had enhanced initial tumor growth rates as compared with control animals, although there was no difference in tumor onset or incidence. This elevated rate in growth was coupled with an elevated proliferative index and a reduced vasculature density but with no significant effect on apoptosis. Tumors from MMP-3 null mice had a prevalence of undifferentiated spindle tumors as compared with controls, which was concomitant with a higher percentage of MMP-3 null mice evidencing surface lung metastases. Tumor progression in MMP-3 null mice was inversely associated with leukocyte infiltration, in which an overall reduction in tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils was evident. We propose that MMP-3 is expressed as a protective response and plays an important role in host defense during SCC tumorigenesis.
Increased incidence of respiratory symptoms among female woodworkers exposed to dry wood
Authors: G. Jacobsen, V. Schlünssen, I. Schaumburg, T. Sigsgaard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of new respiratory symptoms in relation to wood dust exposure in a 6-yr follow-up study. A total of 1,377 woodworkers (1,137 males; 240 females) and 297 reference workers (137 males; 160 females) participated. Data on respiratory symptoms, employment and smoking habits were collected. Wood dust exposure was assessed from baseline dust measurements, and cumulative wood dust exposure was assessed by study-specific job exposure matrices and exposure time. The geometric mean (geometric sd ) dust level decreased during the study period from 0.94 (2.1) to 0.60 (1.6) mg·m −3 . Adjusted analysis revealed positive associations for cumulative incidence proportion of chronic bronchitis and daily coughing for female woodworkers versus female reference workers. The cumulative incidence proportion of daily coughing and chronic bronchitis were found to be associated with baseline wood dust exposure in a dose-dependent manner. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for daily coughing (with reference to the lowest exposure quartile) was 1.6 (0.6–4.3), 3.2 (0.9–6.8) and 3.8 (1.5–9.7), respectively, in the second and third lowest and the highest quartile. The figures for chronic bronchitis were, accordingly, 2.3 (0.4–14.5), 3.0 (0.5–18.7) and 6.0 (1.2–28.8). In conclusion, female woodworkers in this low exposure cohort showed an increased incidence of coughing and bronchitis, whereas no relations to wood dust exposure were seen for male woodworkers.
Clinical Impact of Changes in Left Ventricular Function After Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Dai Une, Laura Mesana, Vincent Chan, Michelle Maklin, Ryan Chan, Roy G. Masters, Thierry G. Mesana, Marc Ruel
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Our objectives were to identify correlates of mortality and congestive heart failure after aortic valve replacement (AVR) according to preoperative left ventricular (LV) function and to describe the incidence, time course, and correlates of LV recovery and mass regression postoperatively.A total of 3112 patients with AVR were assessed in a follow-up clinic with echocardiography (median follow-up, 6.0 years). At operation, their mean age was 67.8±13.4 years, one third were female, and 29% had LV dysfunction (ejection fraction <50%). In severe patients with severe aortic stenosis and LV dysfunction, transaortic valve mean pressure gradient <40 mm Hg, longer cardiopulmonary bypass duration, and prosthesis-patient mismatch (indexed effective orifice area ≤0.85 cm(2)/m(2)) were independent correlates of the composite outcome of death or congestive heart failure after AVR. In patients with severe aortic regurgitation and LV dysfunction, older age and higher preoperative LV mass were identified. LV recovery correlated with better survival and freedom from heart failure in patients with aortic stenosis. Maximum LV mass regression took 24 months in patients with aortic stenosis and nearly 5 years with aortic regurgitation; independent correlates included smaller LV end-systolic diameter in patients with aortic stenosis and low New York Heart Association class with aortic regurgitation.Incomplete LV recovery, prosthesis-patient mismatch, low transaortic valve pressure gradient, and higher LV mass are associated with increased mortality or heart failure after AVR in patients with LV dysfunction. Higher LV end-systolic diameter and symptoms correlate with less LV mass regression, which takes at least 2 years. These findings help surgeons and cardiologists refine the indications, timing, prognostication, and follow-up of patients before and after AVR.
Cough ability and oxygen saturation (OS) home monitoring in amyotrophic lateral sclarosis (ALS) patients: Preliminary data
Authors: Mara Paneroni, Deborah Trainini, Manuela Saleri, Roberta Peroni, Michele Vitacca
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Cough measure by Peak Cough Expiratory Flow (PCEF) and OS monitoring are crucial in ALS time course.

Purpose: In ALS patients (ALS score < 35, MIP< 80% and MEP < 100% prd, PCEF <450 L/m) until drop out (refuse, death, family problems, care under other health facility) were evaluated: a) feasibility of home daily PCEF and OS measurements b) PCEF and OS changes c) PCEF and OS variation before and during each new respiratory derangement event (RDE).

Methods: The patient/caregiver was requested to measure every day PCEF and OS and to annotate RDE.

Results: 10 patients were enrolled. Two patients refused to start the project when at home. Eight patients measured PCEF and OS for 185±173 consecutive days (range 13–431 days) making a 1.246 measurements. Six out 8 patients dropped-out; daily feasibility worsened from 80% in the first week to 25% at the end of the study. The mean compliance to measurements was 86.3% (range 38-100%). Four out 8 patients showed 6 strong RDE. PCEF daily decay (PDD) was 1.29±2.27. No statistically significant changes in OS were found (from 95.25±1.5 to 95.13±1.71). PDD and OS variations were not different in patient with or without RDE. Both PCEF and OS measured at the first day of RDEs were not significantly different when compared to values before (15 days) and after (30 days) the six RDEs.

Conclusion: In ALS patients, long term feasibility of PCEF and OS daily monitoring is unsatisfactory because of high drops out. However, patient's compliance to measurements resulted high. The PCEF daily decay is extremely variable while OS value remains constant. PCEF and OS don't seem to be influenced by a RDE.