tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender and age related changes in upper airway morphology in a population of obese/OSA children
Authors: Wim Vos, Stijn Verhulst, Jan De Backer, Kim Van Hoorenbeeck, Wilfried De Backer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the gender and age related changes in upper airway morphology in a population of obese/OSA children.

Methodology: 20 children (10M/10F, average age 9.2y [3-15]) underwent an end inspiratory CT scan of the upper airway region. Using segmentation techniques a three dimensional reconstruction of the upper airway geometry is made, starting at the hard palate and reaching down to top of the larynx. For this region the length, the minimal and average cross sectional area, and the concavity (minimal area divided by average area) are calculated.

Results: No gender related differences in upper airway shape are observed. Age does correlate with upper airway length, minimal and average cross sectional area. The concavity of the upper airway does not correlate with age.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion: Upper airway imaging and segmentation can be used to phenotype specific OSA populations.

 [1]: pending:yes
Non-random fluctuations in power output during self-paced exercise
Authors: R Tucker, A Bester, E V Lambert, T D Noakes, C L Vaughan, A St Clair Gibson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To analyse the power output measured during a self-paced 20-km cycling time trial, during which power output was free to vary, in order to assess the level and characteristics of the variability in power output that occurred during the exercise bout.Eleven well-trained cyclists performed a 20-km cycling time trial, during which power output was sampled every 200 m. Power spectrum analysis was performed on the power output data, and a fractal dimension was calculated for each trial using the Higuchi method.In all subjects, power output was maintained throughout the trial until the final kilometre, when it increased significantly, indicating the presence of a global pacing strategy. The power spectrum revealed the presence of 1/f-like scaling of power output and multiple frequency peaks during each trial, with the values of the frequency peaks changing over the course of the trial. The fractal dimension (D-score) was similar for all subjects over the 20-km trial and ranged between 1.5 and 1.9.The presence of an end spurt in all subjects, 1/f-like scaling and multiple frequency peaks in the power output data indicate that the measured oscillations in power output during cycling exercise activity may not be system noise, but may rather be associated with system control mechanisms that are similar in different individuals.
THE FIRST US STUDY TO ASSESS THE FEASIBILITY AND SAFETY OF ENDOCARDIAL DELIVERY OF ALLOGENIC MESENCHYMAL PRECURSOR CELLS IN PATIENT WITH HEART FAILURE: THREE-MONTH INTERIM ANALYSIS
Authors: Nabil Dib, Tim Henry, Anthony De Maria, Silviu Itescu, Megan McCarthy, Susan Jaggar, Nicole Taylor, Ann Campbell, Henry Krum, Kendra Bartels, Donna Skerrett, Emerson Perin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Proposed ban on foreigners using Indian surrogacy services sparks protests
Authors: Sally Howard
Journal: BMJ (2015)

India has signalled that it will ban foreign nationals from seeking surrogacy services in India. 

In an affidavit presented to the Supreme Court in Delhi on 28 October the solicitor general, Ranjit Kumar, gave a clear indication that India’s Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill—due to be finalised on 15 November and presented in parliament in 2016—will be stringent in its restrictions.

“The scope of commercial surrogacy [in the forthcoming bill] will be limited to Indian married infertile couples only and not to the foreigners,” Kumar said.

In recent years India, with its high quality medical technology, light regulation, …
Estrogen receptor β protects against acoustic trauma in mice
Authors: Inna Meltser, Yeasmin Tahera, Evan Simpson, Malou Hultcrantz, Konstantina Charitidi, Jan-υke Gustafsson, Barbara Canlon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The hormone estradiol affects the auditory system both by itself and by its interaction with neuroprotective factors. In this study, we examined the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in response to auditory trauma. We found a ligand-dependent protective role for ERβ in the auditory system by investigating mice deficient in ERα (ERKO mice), ERβ (BERKO mice), and aromatase (ARKO mice). Basal auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were similar in all animals. An acoustic trauma causing a temporary hearing loss raised ABR thresholds in male and female BERKO and ARKO mice compared with WT and ERKO mice. The ERα-selective agonist, propyl(1H) pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl-trisphenol (PPT), partially protected ARKO mice from trauma, while the ERβ-selective agonist, 2,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN), protected WT and ARKO mice. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting confirmed the expression of ERβ in cochlea of WT males and females. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroprotective peptide that can be induced by estrogen, was lower in BERKO and ARKO mice compared with WT. DPN treatment increased BDNF expression in ARKO mice. These data indicate ERβ-mediated neuroprotection involving BDNF in the auditory system of males and females.
Experience with biologics for psoriasis in daily practice: switching is worth a try
Authors: L.L.A. Lecluse, M. de Groot, J.D. Bos, P.I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Experience with biologics for psoriasis in daily practice: switching is worth a try Get access L.L.A. Lecluse, L.L.A. Lecluse Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands E‐mail:l.l.lecluse@amc.uva.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. De Groot, M. De Groot Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands E‐mail:l.l.lecluse@amc.uva.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Bos, J.D. Bos Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands E‐mail:l.l.lecluse@amc.uva.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.I. Spuls P.I. Spuls Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands E‐mail:l.l.lecluse@amc.uva.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 4, 1 October 2009, Pages 948–951, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09384.x Published: 01 October 2009
Iron deficiency in a multi‐ethnic Asian population with and without heart failure: prevalence, clinical correlates, functional significance and prognosis
Authors: Tee Joo Yeo, Poh Shuan Daniel Yeo, Raymond Ching‐Chiew Wong, Hean Yee Ong, Kui Toh Gerard Leong, Fazlur Jaufeerally, David Sim, Rajalakshmi Santhanakrishnan, Shir Lynn Lim, Michelle M.Y. Chan, Ping Chai, Adrian F. Low, Lieng H. Ling, Tze Pin Ng, A. Mark Richards, Carolyn S.P. Lam
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials for the Incidence and Risk of Treatment-Related Mortality in Patients With Cancer Treated With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Fabio A.B. Schutz, Youjin Je, Christopher J. Richards, Toni K. Choueiri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become the cornerstone in the treatment of several malignancies. These drugs have also been associated with an increase in the risk of potentially life-threatening adverse events, such as arterial thrombotic events, bleeding, congestive heart failure, and others. We performed an up-to-date meta-analysis to determine the risk of fatal adverse events (FAEs) in patients with cancer treated with VEGFR TKIs.MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for articles published from January 1966 to February 2011. Eligible studies were limited to trials of US Food and Drug Administration-approved VEGFR TKIs (pazopanib, sunitinib, and sorafenib) that reported on patients with cancer with any primary tumor type, randomized design, and adequate safety profile. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the summary incidence, relative risk (RR), and 95% CIs by using random-effects or fixed-effects models on the basis of the heterogeneity of included studies.In all, 4,679 patients from 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, with 2,856 from sorafenib, 1,388 from sunitinib, and 435 from pazopanib trials. The incidence of FAEs related to VEGFR TKIs was 1.5% (95% CI, 0.8% to 2.4%) with an RR of 2.23 (95% CI, 1.12 to 4.44; P = .023) compared with control patients. On subgroup analysis, no difference in the rate of FAEs was found between different VEGFR TKIs or tumor types. No evidence of publication bias was observed.In a meta-analysis of RCTs, the use of VEGFR TKIs was associated with an increased risk of FAEs compared with control patients.
IPEX and the role of FOXP3 in the development and function of human Tregs
Authors: S. Le Bras
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Genetic defects in the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) cause immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX). IPEX is thought to be due to a defect in naturally arising CD4+ Tregs. In this issue of the JCI, Bacchetta and colleagues demonstrate that patients with IPEX and missense mutations in Foxp3 provide insight into the role of various domains of Foxp3 in the development and function of Tregs (see the related article beginning on page 1713).
The Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Immune Contexture. A Major Determinant of Tumor Characteristics and Patient Outcome
Authors: Romain Remark, Christian Becker, Jorge E. Gomez, Diane Damotte, Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean, Catherine Sautès-Fridman, Wolf-Herman Fridman, Charles A. Powell, Nasser K. Altorki, Miriam Merad, Sacha Gnjatic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Solid tumors, beyond mere accumulation of cancer cells, form a complex ecosystem consisting of normal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels, structural components, and infiltrating hematopoietic cells including myeloid and lymphoid elements that impact tumor growth, tumor spreading, and clinical outcome. The composition of the immune microenvironment is diverse, including various populations of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, or macrophages. The immune contexture describes the density, location, and organization of these immune cells within solid tumors. In lung cancer, which is the deadliest type of cancer, and particularly in non-small cell lung cancer, its most prevalent form, reports have described some of the interactions between the tumor and the host. These data, in addition to articles on various types of tumors, provide a greater understanding of the tumor-host microenvironment interaction and stimulate the development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers, the identification of novel target antigens for therapeutic intervention, and the implementation of tools for long-term management of patients with cancer.
Control of bone resorption by hematopoietic tissue. The induction and reversal of congenital osteopetrosis in mice through use of bone marrow and splenic transplants.
Authors: D G Walker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The reciprocal transplantation of hematopoietic tissues was carried out on young, lethally irradiated mice of inbred, microphthalmic stock. The cell infusions prepared from the bone marrow or spleen of a normal littermate fully restored capacity to resorb bone and cartilage in the osteopetrotic recipients. Conversely, cell infusions prepared from the spleen of microphthalmic mice induced osteopetrosis in their irradiated, normal littermates. It is concluded that resorption of skeletal matrix is controlled by migratory cells, possibly osteoclastic progenitors, derived from the myelogenous tissues. No evidence was obtained to suggest that skeletal changes observed in the experimental animals were mediated by a graft-vs.-host reaction. The earliest skeletal changes in the experimental mice were detected 2 wk after onset which may represent the length or time required to replace the osteoclast population of the mouse.
Effects of TNFα on verocytotoxin cytotoxicity in purified human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Petra A. van Setten, Victor W.M. van Hinsbergh, Thea J.A.N. van der Velden, Nicole C.A.J. van de Kar, Mario Vermeer, John D. Mahan, Karel J.M. Assmann, Lambertus P.W.J. van den Heuvel, Leo A.H. Monnens
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Effects of Adenovirus-Mediated Sorcin Overexpression on Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Isolated Rabbit Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Tim Seidler, Stewart L.W. Miller, Christopher M. Loughrey, Astrid Kania, Annika Burow, Sarah Kettlewell, Nils Teucher, Stefan Wagner, Harald Kögler, Marian B. Meyers, Gerd Hasenfuss, Godfrey L. Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

To evaluate the effect of sorcin on cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, adult rabbit ventricular myocytes were transfected with a recombinant adenovirus coding for human sorcin (Ad-sorcin). A beta-galactosidase adenovirus (Ad-LacZ) was used as a control. Fractional shortening in response to 1-Hz field stimulation (at 37 degrees C) was significantly reduced in Ad-sorcin-transfected myocytes compared with control myocytes (2.10+/-0.05% [n=311] versus 2.42+/-0.06% [n=312], respectively; P<0.001). Action potential duration (at 20 degrees C) was significantly less in the Ad-sorcin group (458+/-22 ms, n=11) compared with the control group (520+/-19 ms, n=10; P<0.05). In voltage-clamped, fura 2-loaded myocytes (20 degrees C), a reduced peak-systolic and end-diastolic [Ca2+]i was observed after Ad-sorcin transfection. L-type Ca2+ current amplitude and time course were unaffected. Caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the accompanying inward Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) current revealed a significantly lower SR Ca2+ content and faster Ca2+-extrusion kinetics in Ad-sorcin-transfected cells. Higher NCX activity after Ad-sorcin transfection was confirmed by measuring the NCX current-voltage relationship. beta-Escin-permeabilized rabbit cardiomyocytes were used to study the effects of sorcin overexpression on Ca2+ sparks imaged with fluo 3 at 145 to 160 nmol/L [Ca2+] using a confocal microscope. Under these conditions, caffeine-mediated SR Ca2+ release was not different between the two groups. Spontaneous spark frequency, duration, width, and amplitude were lower in sorcin-overexpressing myocytes. In summary, sorcin overexpression in rabbit cardiomyocytes decreased Ca2+-transient amplitude predominantly by lowering SR Ca2+ content via increased NCX activity. The effect of sorcin overexpression on Ca2+ sparks indicates an effect on the ryanodine receptor that may also influence excitation-contraction coupling.
Bone Loss in Normal and Pathological Conditions
Authors: G. F. Joplin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

Logan describes the skin as a reflector of immunological changes.The chapter is divided into four parts-cutaneous manifestations of the rheumatic diseases, immunological aspects of skin diseases, inflammatory vaculitis, and cutaneous infections as a result of immune paresis.I found this to be the most interesting chapter.A few examples may be chosen.Antibodies to ultraviolet-irradiated DNA in SLE are discussed and their possible relevance to photosensitivity clearly emerges.Antibodies to the intercellular spaces of the epidermis have been found in pemphigus and to epithelial basement membranes in pemphigoid.The evidence for necrotizing vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, and Henoch-Schonlein purpura being due either to immune complex deposition or to antibodies directed at vascular tissues is reviewed.The book is profusely illustrated but, in that it deals with essentially visual phenomena, it is a great pity that the pictures are not in colour.A full list of references is provided at the end of each chapter.This volume draws together a mass of useful information which otherwise is not readily available.It presents the current position in our understanding of these complications and indicates the areas of uncertainty and the likely directions for profitable research.It is strongly recommended.
Comparison of models for nucleotide substitution used in maximum-likelihood phylogenetic estimation.
Authors: Z Yang, N Goldman, A Friday
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

Using real sequence data, we evaluate the adequacy of assumptions made in evolutionary models of nucleotide substitution and the effects that these assumptions have on estimation of evolutionary trees. Two aspects of the assumptions are evaluated. The first concerns the pattern of nucleotide substitution, including equilibrium base frequencies and the transition/transversion-rate ratio. The second concerns the variation of substitution rates over sites. The maximum-likelihood estimate of tree topology appears quite robust to both these aspects of the assumptions of the models, but evaluation of the reliability of the estimated tree by using simpler, less realistic models can be misleading. Branch lengths are underestimated when simpler models of substitution are used, but the underestimation caused by ignoring rate variation over nucleotide sites is much more serious. The goodness of fit of a model is reduced by ignoring spatial rate variation, but unrealistic assumptions about the pattern of nucleotide substitution can lead to an extraordinary reduction in the likelihood. It seems that evolutionary biologists can obtain accurate estimates of certain evolutionary parameters even with an incorrect phylogeny, while systematists cannot get the right tree with confidence even when a realistic, and more complex, model of evolution is assumed.
Advances in Urologic Oncology: Results Progress From Successful Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Dean F. Bajorin, Robert J. Motzer, George J. Bosl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Despite its relative rarity, GCT in the adult male serves as a model of curability. The appropriate use of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and multimodality approaches has been studied in randomized trials that have successfully established many treatment paradigms. de Wit and Fizazi 4 review the controversies and treatment options in the optimal management of clinical stage I seminoma and nonseminomatous GCTs, and provide a detailed overview of the clinical trial results with a discussion of the risks and benefits of surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy (for seminoma), and adjuvant chemotherapy. In the treatment of metastatic disease, the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group’s risk algorithm established international agreement on the clinical features that constitute good, intermediate, and poor prognosis, 5 each of which has established standards of care. Kondagunta and Motzer 6 update the standards of care for the treatment of patients with both previously untreated and relapsed disease and address controversies such as the use of bleomycin in good-risk disease, the use of high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell rescue, and postchemotherapy management of advanced seminoma. Oldenberg et al 7 review the risk factors associated with, and the clinical management of, late relapse, defined as disease recurrence 2 or more years after primary therapy. Once thought to be an exceedingly rare event, recent reports suggest that late relapses may be more common. An improved understanding of the genetic molecular events that are observed in GCT has emerged in the last two decades, beginning with the observation that an isochromosome of 12p (i[12p]) was frequently observed in GCT. Houldsworth et al provide an overview of the pathobiology of adult GCT, the role of 12p genes implicated in malignant transformation of germ cells, and insights into chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance. 8
Surgical treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax with video-assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: J Freixinet, E Canalis, JJ Rivas, F Rodriguez de Castro, J Torres, JM Gimferrer, J Sanchez-Lloret
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

We report the results of our experience using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) to treat primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) from January 1992 until December 1994 in a multicentered co-operative study. A total of 132 patients (110 males and 22 females, aged 13-38 yrs, mean age 26 yrs) were treated by VATS to deal with the PSP that they presented with. A standard VATS technique was used. Apical bullae were always removed, and mechanical pleural abrasion was performed, leaving a pleural drainage tube. In two cases (1.5%), a switch to thoracotomy was necessary. In eight cases (6%), air leakage persisted for 5 days after surgery, which resolved with pleural drainage. There were eight postoperative relapses (6%), which were treated with pleural drainage (n = 4), VATS (n = 3) or axillar thoracotomy (n = 1). The average postoperative stay was 5.6 days (range 2-15 days). We conclude that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a viable alternative for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. There is, however, a high relapse rate, and in a number of cases air leakage persists in the postoperative period.
Inhibition of growth and induction of TGF-β1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma with androgen receptor by cyproterone acetate in male nude mice
Authors: Naofumi Nagasue, Liqun Yu, Minekazu Yamaguchi, Hitoshi Kohno, Mitsuo Tachibana, Hirofumi Kubota
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
The Removal of a Hydatid Cyst from the Wall of the Left Ventricle
Authors: A. L. D'Abreu
Journal: Thorax (1950)

Müllerian metaplasia of the female genital tract is usually of limited extent and subtype. We describe the replacement of the lining of the entire genital tract and much of the overlying pelvic serosa by metaplastic müllerian epithelium, in a nulliparous 65-year-old woman with cervical agenesis. She did not have Peutz–Jeghers syndrome and had not had any form of prior hormonal treatment. The metaplastic epithelium extended from the vagina to the serosal surface of the pelvic organs. Mucinous epithelium predominated. In addition, there was multifocal dysplasia of the metaplastic epithelium; this was most prominent in the fallopian tubes where there was marked papillation with cytoarchitectural features reminiscent of a borderline mucinous ovarian tumor. Although müllerian metaplasia is well recognized at different sites within the female genital tract, this highly unusual finding of multiple metaplastic epithelial subtypes and dysplasia involving the mucinous metaplastic epithelium along the entire genital tract and pelvic serosal surface has not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported previously in the absence of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.