tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
C-11 Choline PET/CT Imaging for Differentiating Malignant From Benign Prostate Lesions
Authors: Xin Li, Qi Liu, Muwen Wang, Xunbo Jin, Qingwei Liu, Shuzhan Yao, Songtao Liu, Jun Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Purpose: To investigate the potential of C-11 choline PET/CT imaging for differentiating prostate cancer (PCa) from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: Forty-nine patients with prostate lesions underwent C-11 choline PET/CT imaging that was performed 5 minutes after injection of 7.4 MBq/kg (0.2 mCi/kg C-11 choline in the supine position over 2 bed positions (3 minutes per position), covering the pelvis, and the whole body (6 bed) when necessary. After attenuation correction, PET data were analyzed visually and semiquantitatively by measuring maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the prostate lesions (target) and the muscles (nontarget) and calculating their ratios (P/M). Results: Twenty-one PCa and 28 BPH lesions were proven histologically. The mean values of the SUVmax of PCa and BPH were 7.87 ± 5.74 and 4.95 ± 5.14, respectively without a significant difference between these 2 groups (t = 2.02; P > 0.05). The mean P/M of PCa and BPH were 4.21 ± 1.61 and 1.87 ± 0.98. The statistical difference of P/M between them was significant (t = 2.04; P < 0.01). Using 2.3 (P/M) as the criterion, C-11 choline PET/CT imaging showed a sensitivity of 90.48%, a specificity of 85.71%, and a negative predictive value of 92.31%. PET/CT precise localization of the hot spot in different parts of the prostate could contribute to the diagnosis. Conclusions: C-11 choline PET/CT is a valuable noninvasive imaging technology in the diagnosis of PCa. The parameter P/M could differentiate PCa from benign lesions better than SUV.
Surgical Treatment for Epilepsy
Authors: Jerome Engel
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Samuel M. Gillman, Donald L. Bornstein, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Rabbits made granulocytopenic with nitrogen mustard have been shown to generate serum endogenous pyrogen when given a fever-producing dose of bacterial endotoxin. This finding is in accord with the hypothesis that endogenous pyrogen plays a central role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin fever. The fact that leucopenic animals produce less serum-endogenous pyrogen than normal animals given the same dose of endotoxin has also been confirmed and suggests that polymorphonuclear leucocytes constitute a major source of the endogenous pyrogen which is demonstrable in the circulation during endotoxin fever.
Studies on the plasma membrane of normal and psoriatic keratinocytes. 5. Lectin binding
Authors: J.M. GOMMANS, J.J.M.A. HURK, M. BERGERS, P. ERP, P.D. MIER, H. ROELFZEMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Studies on the plasma membrane of normal and psoriatic keratinocytes. 5. Lectin binding Get access J.M. GOMMANS, J.M. GOMMANS Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J.M.A. VAN DEN HURK, J.J.M.A. VAN DEN HURK Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. BERGERS, M. BERGERS Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. VAN ERP, P. VAN ERP Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D. MIER, P.D. MIER Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. ROELFZEMA H. ROELFZEMA Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 106, Issue 3, 1 March 1982, Pages 317–322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb01730.x Published: 01 March 1982 Article history Accepted: 28 May 1981 Published: 01 March 1982
TURNING IN ORGANIC HEMIPLEGIA.
Authors: RALPH PEMBERTON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Dr. Leonard J. Kidd recently discussed the mode of turning in walking of organic hémiplégies and spastic paraplegics and referred to a paper by von Schüller in which the latter says that an organic hémiplégie cannot walk toward the sound side, as he must drag the paralyzed leg after him. It is also pointed out that the functional hémiplégie does not walk toward the palsied side but only to Avard the sound side, and Kidd concludes that the direction in which the hémiplégie turns is of equal diagnostic value, and that this test causes less inconvenience to the patient. To prove the correctness of this opinion, he examined hemiplegias and spastic paraplegics who were more spastic on one side or the other, and found that fully 99 per cent. spontaneously turned to the spastic or more spastic side. From this he draws the following conclusions:
Review: In COPD, fluticasone or budesonide increases serious pneumonia but not mortality
Authors: Matthew B. Stanbrook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club19 August 2014Review: In COPD, fluticasone or budesonide increases serious pneumonia but not mortalityMatthew B. Stanbrook, MD, PhDMatthew B. Stanbrook, MD, PhDUniversity Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.B.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-4-201408190-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationKew KM, Seniukovich A. Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;3:CD010115. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615270Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology: References1 Nannini LJ, Lasserson TJ, Poole P. Combined corticosteroid and long–acting beta (2)–agonist in one inhaler versus long–acting beta (2)-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD006829. [PMID: 22972099] Google Scholar2 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD. 2014. www.goldcopd.org/ (accessed 6 Jun 2014). Google Scholar3 Suissa S, Patenaude V, Lapi F, Ernst P. Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk of serious pneumonia. Thorax. 2013;68:1029-36. [PMID: 24130228] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.B.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 August 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 August 2014Volume 161, Issue 4Page: JC8KeywordsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseDrugsHospitalizationsPneumoniaRisk managementSputumSteroids ePublished: 19 August 2014 Issue Published: 19 August 2014 CopyrightCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pathophysiology: The Biological Principles of Disease
Authors: Frank D. Gray
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book is to be part of a three-volume<i>International Textbook of Medicine</i>that would serve the student in a developing country as well as his more sophisticated counterpart in high-technology countries. There will also be a volume on microbiology, and Cecil's<i>Textbook of Medicine</i>will complete the set. The editors propose to "integrate key aspects of the scientific basis of medical practice." This is accomplished in 16 chapters representing the standard subspecialties of internal medicine as well as some of the more basic general disciplines, including "Cell Biology," "Immunology," "Genetics," and "Clinical Pharmacology." The text is formidable in size, but fluent and conducive to reading long passages at one sitting. The authors are recognized authorities who also happen to write well. While there is a conceptual pattern bringing all the diverse parts into unity, one can still detect individual style. The style is frugal, and sufficiently packed with meaning
DRUG-ELUTING STENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SMALL CORONARY ARTERY WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPARISON WITH SIROLIMUS, PACLITAXEL, ZOTAROLIMUS (ENDEAVOR RESOLUTE), BIOLIMUSA9, EPC CAPTURE AND EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT: MULTICENTER REGISTRY IN ASIA
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Shotaro Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Hans Yeo, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukoslo, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Thrombophlebitis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: JOHN A. SPITTELL
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A CUTE venous thrombosis and its conmpli-lAw eations continue to be a challenging problem to the physician.Ineomplete under- standing of the pathogenetic mechanisms, lack of objective measures for diagnosis, and dif- ferences of opinion coneerning therapy are parts of this problem.These difficulties, how- ever, should not discourage the physician in his attempts to diagnose and treat venous thrombo-einbolism.Although thrombophlebitis may occur without pulmonary embolism, and vice versa, thev are frequently associated.It bas been sug- gested that venous thrombosis can be divided into two types, thrombophlebitis and phlebo- thrombosis.Since the distinction has no prac- tical value in management or prognosis, the generic terni "thrombophlebitis" seems preferable when the clinical findings permit the diagnosis of acute venous thrombosis.Three factors, known as Virchow 's triad, stasis of blood flow, damage of endothelium, and hypercoagulability of the blood, have been considered important in the genesis of venous thrombosis, but the relative importance and interdependenee of these factors are not understood.Nonetheless, they serve as a valu- able starting point in the management of thrombophlebitis.The pathologic picture of venous thrombosis includes both thrombosis and variable inflam- matory changes in the wall of the vein.In throinbophlebitis of more than a few days' duration, organization of the clot is also seen.The end result of thrombophlebitis usually is thickening of the vXenous wall with partial restoration of the lumen and variable destruction of the valves.The clinical manifestations of both the inflammatory and obstructive com- ponents of aeute venous thrombosis are important.Although there is no adequate explanation,From the Section of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundationi, Rochester, Mfinnesota.thrombophlebitis occurs more frequently in the lower than in the upper extremities. Superficial ThrombophlebitisClinical AspectsThrombophlebitis involving superficial veins may be caused by trauma (for example, after
Central Gene Transfer of Interleukin-10 Reduces Hypothalamic Inflammation and Evidence of Heart Failure in Rats After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yang Yu, Zhi-Hua Zhang, Shun-Guang Wei, Yi Chu, Robert M. Weiss, Donald D. Heistad, Robert B. Felder
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The expression of proinflammatory cytokines increases in hypothalamus of rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. We used central gene transfer of human interleukin (IL)-10, a potent antiinflammatory cytokine, to counter the effects of brain proinflammatory cytokines and examine their functional significance. Sprague–Dawley rats underwent coronary ligation to induce MI or sham surgery (SHAM). One week later, adenoviral vectors encoding human IL-10 (AdIL-10) or β-galactosidase (βGal) were injected (30 μL over 30 minutes) into lateral ventricle. One week after injection, there was abundant expression of human IL-10 in the brain of MI+AdIL-10 and SHAM+AdIL-10 rats. Compared with SHAM+βGal, MI+βGal had increased ( P &lt;0.05) IL-1β and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein and nuclear factor κB activity in the hypothalamus, cyclooxygenase-2 fluorescence in perivascular cells of the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, prostaglandin E 2 in cerebrospinal fluid, and Fra-like activity (indicating neuronal excitation) in paraventricular nucleus. Plasma norepinephrine levels, lung/body weight, right ventricle/body weight, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were increased and maximal left ventricular dP/dt was decreased. All of these findings were ameliorated in MI rats treated with AdIL-10. Hypothalamic tumor necrosis factor-α and circulating tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β levels, also increased in MI+βGal, were not affected by AdIL-10 treatment. Rat native IL-10 was not affected by MI or AdIL-10. AdIL-10 had no effects on SHAM rats. The results demonstrate that cardiovascular and autonomic mechanisms leading to heart failure after MI can be modulated by manipulating the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in the brain.
Deafness from Furosemide
Authors: A. HEIDLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 November 1970Deafness from FurosemideA. HEIDLAND, M.D., M. E. WIGAND, M.D.A. HEIDLAND, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. E. WIGAND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-858_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In respect to the letter about deafness from furosemide in the May issue of the ANNALS(p. 761), we observed acute hearing losses in patients with uremia given high doses of furosemide (1,000 mg during 40 min), and preliminary reports were given in 1969 (Heidland,Deutsch Med Wschr94:1568-1574; Wigand and Heidland 4th International Congress Nephrology, Stockholm). Not only transient cochlear disturbances were experienced but also involvement of the vestibular organ. There were two reports on clinical and histochemical aspects of these side effects of furosemide (Wigand and Heidland, Haubrich) at the annual meeting of the German... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Universitäts-Hals-Nasen Ohrenklinik Würzburg, W. Germany PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeurologic complications of acute and chronic renal diseaseFurosemide has no effect on endocochlear potential and tuning properties of primary afferent fibres in the pigeon inner earKlinik der InnenohrschwerhörigkeitenUltrastructural Histopathology in a Case of Human Ototoxicity Due to Loop DiureticsComparison of the cochlear toxicity of sodium ethacrynate, furosemide, and the cysteine adduct of sodium ethacrynate in catsEthacrynic Acid, Furosemide, and Vestibular Caloric ResponsesExperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Ototoxicität des Furosemids 1 November 1970Volume 73, Issue 5Page: 858-858KeywordsDeafnessHearingNephrology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Circumferential myocardial shortening in the normal human left ventricle. Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging using spatial modulation of magnetization.
Authors: N R Clark, N Reichek, P Bergey, E A Hoffman, D Brownson, L Palmon, L Axel
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Conventional cardiac imaging methods do not depict true segmental myocardial shortening, since they cannot determine segment length between fixed points in the myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS We used electrocardiographically gated magnetic resonance imaging with spatial modulation of magnetization to noninvasively "tag" the myocardium with dark stripes at uniform 7-mm intervals center to center at end diastole. We then determined end-systolic stripe separation and thereby calculated circumferential shortening. When end systole was not reached in the first image series, a second temporally overlapped series starting in late systole was used to determine late-systolic shortening. Septal, anterior, lateral, and inferior segments were assessed at endocardium, midwall, and epicardium on five midventricular short-axis sections each in 10 normal volunteers. A transmural gradient in circumferential shortening was observed, with the percentage of endocardial segment shortening consistently greater than epicardial segment shortening (epicardial, 22 +/- 5%; midwall, 30 +/- 6%; and endocardial, 44 +/- 6%; p less than 0.0001 by analysis of variance). Circumferential shortening varied from apex to base with slices closer to the base of the left ventricle showing less shortening at the midwall (28 +/- 9%) and endocardium (39 +/- 6%) than more apical slices at the midwall (34 +/- 13%) and endocardium (49 +/- 9%) (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively, by analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS Transmural and longitudinal heterogeneity of circumferential shortening is present in the normal human left ventricle. Magnetic resonance imaging with spatial modulation of magnetization is a powerful new tool for assessment of circumferential shortening and provides information unobtainable with conventional imaging methods.
Spectrum of β thalassemia mutations and HbF levels in the heterozygous Moroccan population
Authors: Wafaa Lemsaddek, Isabel Picanço, Filomena Seuanes, Lahoucine Mahmal, Saâd Benchekroun, Mohammed Khattab, Paulo Nogueira, Leonor Osório‐Almeida
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract A comprehensive hematological and molecular analysis of 57 β thalassemic heterozygotes, 28 homozygotes, 18 double heterozygotes, 3 compound heterozygotes β thal/β S and one compound heterozygote β thal/Hb Newcastle, in 46 Moroccan families with at least one β thalassemia patient is reported. Six major mutations: β 0 39 (C→T), β 0 FsCD8(−AA), β + IVS1,nt6 (T→C) and β 0 IVS1,nt1 (G→A), β 0 FsCD6 (−A) and β + ‐29 (A→G) cap site account for 75% of the 86 independent β thal chromosomes studied. For the first time, an extensive mutation/haplotype study has been performed on the Moroccan population, and data are consistent with the geographical location of the country and historical links with both the Mediterranean and the Sub‐Saharan Africa communities. Despite the heterogeneous spectrum of mutations, good genetic counseling can be offered to the carrier population. This study focuses on the analysis of fetal hemoglobin levels in β thalassemic heterozygotes and its correlation with β globin cluster polymorphic markers in this population. Fetal hemoglobin levels in heterozygotes vary from trace quantities to 17.9% (2.38 g/dl) of total hemoglobin in the adult. No statistically significant correlation was found, either between genders and HbF levels, or between the mutation and the HbF level, with the exception of mutation β 0 FSCD6(−A). We have examined the α globin genotype and the β globin genotype of heterozygotes, namely, the extended haplotype, which includes the Xmn I site at −158 bp of the Gγ gene and the microsatellite (AT) x T y at −540 bp of the β globin gene. In this sample, we confirm the existence of linkage disequilibrium between the C→T variation at −158bp of Gγ globin gene ( Xmn I + ) and Orkin's haplotypes III, IV, or IX (the 5′ subhaplotype class A). At 5′ β globin gene, we observe exclusively the allele (AT) 7 T 7 . In the β thalassemic heterozygotes studied, no correlation of those genetic markers with HbF levels is observed. Am. J. Hematol. 73:161–168, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abstract SY21-02: Extracellular matrix density, alignment, and tumor progression
Authors: Patricia J. Keely
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract An increase in the mammographic density of breast tissue is correlated to a four to six-fold increased risk of developing breast carcinoma, making it the single biggest risk factor for breast carcinoma. Increased breast density is associated with a significant increase in the deposition of ECM components, most notably collagen, which leads to an increase in matrix stiffness. In a mouse model of increased collagen deposition, we find that mammary tumor incidence, invasion, and metastasis increased three-fold. Mammary tumors arising in FAK-/- mammary glands were non-invasive and non-metastatic. Gene expression profiling of these tumors identified a metastasis signature regulated by FAK, and further identify novel mechanisms and signaling pathways governing invasion into collagen matrices. Using state-of-the-art non-linear optical imaging techniques (FLIM and SHG), we have imaged collagen and cells at the tumor-stromal boundary in live, unfixed mammary tumors. We find that during tumor progression, the structure and alignment of collagen fibers is altered, such that the perpendicular realignment of collagen fibers is completely coincident with areas of local invasion. A recent analysis of 207 human samples demonstrates that the presence of perpendicular aligned collagen was a novel significant and independent prognostic indicator of poor patient survival, with a risk factor of 4.3. To determine whether fibril alignment facilitates invasion, we engineered aligned matrices, and found that human breast carcinoma cells preferentially invaded along perpendicularly aligned vs. random or parallel collagen fibers. Our results demonstrate collagen fibers serve as a highway to facilitate local invasion, and promote distal metastasis. Citation Format: Patricia J. Keely. Extracellular matrix density, alignment, and tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY21-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY21-02
Tocilizumab Treatment Leads to a Rapid and Sustained Increase in Treg Cell Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Comment on the Article by Thiolat et al
Authors: Alexandros Sarantopoulos, Konstantinos Tselios, Ioannis Gkougkourelas, Marianna Pantoura, Anastasia‐Maria Georgiadou, Panagiota Boura
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)
Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal flexible endoscopy: interim recommendations of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroenterology.
Authors: D P Casemore, D A Blewett, S E Wright
Journal: Gut (1989)

Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal flexible endoscopy: interim recommendations of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroenterology SIR,-The report by the Working Party (Gut 1988; 29: 1134-51) has been drawn to our attention and in particular, the section regarding management of HIV infected patients.The authors incorrectly state that 'there is no information on the activity of common disinfectants against the intermediate forms and cysts of cryptosporidium'.The relevance of 'intermediate forms' -that is, endogenous or tissue stages, in