tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GAO Questions Changes to USDA Poultry and Hog Inspection
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Points from Letters: First Anti-smoking Clinic
Authors: L. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1971)

585 leads to considerable loss of efficiency and difficulties both in administration and medical care.It is one of the best health services that I have seen abroad, but does not come near to matching our own service.It is quite true that IsraAi medical students are not educated in general practice, but I cannot agree with Dr. Smith that this is "through no fault of the authors of the book."Dr. K. J. Mann is the D`rector-General of thv Hadassah (not Hadassar) University Hospital and could un- doubtedly have influenced the Medical School to permit students to attend the communal health centre.Perhaps the reason why the medical school authorities were unwilling to do so is because it is a well-known fact in Israel that the standard of medicine in health centres is very poor compared with the hospitals, largely owing to the obstinate refusal of the politicians to allow the various health insurance schemes to be nationalized.I do not believe that socialized medicine can work without nationalization.-Iam, etc.,
Virus-specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes Downregulate T Helper Cell Type 2 Cytokine Secretion and Pulmonary Eosinophilia during Experimental Murine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Thomas J. Braciale
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the immune response during viral infections. In a murine model of experimental respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, mice sensitized to either of the two major glycoproteins of RSV develop distinct patterns of cytokine secretion and lung inflammation upon subsequent RSV infection. Mice sensitized to RSV-G (attachment) glycoprotein exhibit a strong interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 response and develop pulmonary eosinophilia, whereas mice sensitized to RSV-F (fusion) glycoprotein develop a predominantly T helper cell (Th)1 response and pulmonary inflammation characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration. In this study, we examined the potential role of virus-specific CD8+ T cytolytic T cells on the differentiation and activation of functionally distinct CD4+ T cells specific to these viral glycoproteins. Mice primed with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV-F glycoprotein mounted a strong RSV-specific, MHC class I–restricted cytolytic response, whereas priming with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV-G glycoprotein failed to elicit any detectable cytolytic response. Priming for a RSV-specific CD8+ T cell response, either with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV-G glycoprotein in which a strong CD8+ T cell epitope from RSV-M2 (matrix) protein has been inserted or with a combination of vaccinia virus expressing the matrix protein and the RSV-G glycoprotein, suppressed the eosinophil recruitment into the lungs of these mice upon subsequent challenge with RSV. This reduction in pulmonary eosinophilia correlated with the suppression of Th2 type cytokine production. The importance of CD8+ T cells in this process was further supported by the results in CD8+ T cell deficient, β2 microglobulin KO mice. In these mice, priming to RSV-F glycoprotein (which in normal mice primed for a strong cytolytic response and a pulmonary infiltrate consisting primarily of mononuclear cells on RSV challenge) resulted in the development of marked pulmonary eosinophilia that was not seen in mice with an intact CD8+ T cell compartment. These results indicate that CD8+ T cells may play an important role in the regulation of the differentiation and activation of Th2 CD4+ T cells as well as the recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs during RSV infection.
KRAS Genotype and the Prevalent C.35 G &gt; A Mutation Affect Significantly Worse Prognosis of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Patients Fitting for Intensive Fir-B/Fox Triplet Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab
Authors: Bruera Gemma, Cannita Katia, Tessitore Alessandra, Cortellini Alessio, Sabourin Jean Christophe, Tosi Mario, Frébourg Thierry, Alesse Edoardo, Ficorella Corrado, Ricevuto Enrico
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Treatment of Sleeping Sickness
Authors: A. T. Schofield
Journal: BMJ (1926)

I MDCLJUNrCholaemia is slightly, and cholesterinaemia is miiarkedly, raised.This is the period at which chronic gall-bladder cases present local deposits of cholesterin.Chauffard has wvell shown that the system endeavours by all possible means to eliminate from the blood stream any excess of cholesterol.Residual nitrogen anid uric acid, less markedly increased than in the second group, are nevertheless above normal; the cells of the liver are less affected than in the latter group, but the deficiency of heart and kidney is more marked.It is tlhe factor which will assume the suppreme importanice in tlle fourtli group.FOL-RTa GRoITP.(See Table IV.)In this group heart failure sets in and the blood gets nore and more diluted.Albuminuria appears at the same time.Tllh urea concentration of the urine falls coincidentally anld Ambard's coefficient, by its increase of value, shows a progresSive degeneeration of the kidney.Hypercholesteriniaemia remains very high, as also does the nitrogen and uric acid conten-t of the blood.In brief, the cases in this group present the hiu-moral characteristics of Bright's disease.As a matter of fact, tbese results enablel uis to trace the connlexion-i between lithiasis and the con- dition underlying Bright's disease, and tend to verify the llylotbesis of Chabanier that such a nephritis is the finlal .development of a general condition. CONCLUSIONS .From the preceding facts w-o can draw the following therapeutical conclusion-s.The gall-bladder localization must not be considered as the only guide to correct treatment.It can onily be used to determiine the need for surgical intervention.The essen- tial treatment miust be based on the conception of a general metabolic disorder, previous to calculus formation, in wbicl the liver plays the predominant part.The safety-valve furnished by the biliary apparatus is of the utmost impor- tance; it cani act by preveniting general alnd local com- plications.Whilst therapeutic measures are practically ineffective once complicationis of telo cardiac and renal systems are established (wheni symptomiiatic treatment is the best that is available), it is possible in the periods preceding painful or iinsidious lithiasis to amend and correct the funietion of the liver by more effectivo therapeutic measures than have pIreviously been employed.
Cutaneous Melanoma Metastases
Authors: M Pecherstorfer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Figure 1. In 1990, a 55-year-old woman presented with an acral lentiginous melanoma of the left sole. A radical extirpation of the tumor (tumor stage, T2; tumor thickness, 1.5 mm) and an elective dissection of the inguinal lymph nodes were performed. Neither regional nor distant metastases were found, and adjuvant therapy with interferon alfa-2b was started, which lasted for 12 months. Two years later, neoplastic cells had spread to the skin of the lower left leg. The use of isolated cytostatic limb perfusion was rejected because of enlarged pelvic lymph nodes. Despite treatment with interleukin-2 and the cytostatic drug dacarbazine, . . .
ANTIGENICITY OF POLYPEPTIDES (POLY ALPHA AMINO ACIDS)
Authors: Paul H. Maurer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

It has been demonstrated that polymers consisting solely of D-alpha-amino acids are not immunogenic in rabbits, guinea pigs, man, and mouse, whereas the same polymers of L-alpha-amino acids are very effective antigens. This has been attributed to the importance of metabolizability of a polymer in contributing to its immunogenicity. In the glu-lys-ala series of polymers, the immunogenicity of a polymer of 2 L-amino acids and a D-amino acid appears to be governed by the immunogenicity of the 2 L-amino acids. However, some of the specificity may be directed towards configurations containing the D-amino acid. It has been noted that injections of rabbits with polymers of D-amino acids has resulted in a reduced response against the isomeric L polymer.
Antithymocyte globulins and chronic graft-vs-host disease after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation from HLA-matched unrelated donors: a report from the Sociéte Française de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire
Authors: M Mohty, M Labopin, M L Balère, G Socié, N Milpied, R Tabrizi, N Ifrah, Y Hicheri, N Dhedin, M Michallet, A Buzyn, J-Y Cahn, J-H Bourhis, D Blaise, C Raffoux, H Espérou, I Yakoub-Agha
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
P169 Investigating the Impact of Social Deprivation in Lung Cancer Patients in North Glasgow: Abstract P169 Table 1
Authors: C Tweed, J Farley, J Van Der Horst, S Bicknell, J Maclay, R Milroy
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are highest in the most deprived regions of Scotland. Glasgow has the highest incidence rate for lung cancer in Scotland at 92.8 people per 100, 000 population and the highest mortality rate at 75.4 people per 100, 000 population. The DEPCAT score is a well-validated index of deprivation unique to Scotland, based on post code. DEPCAT categorises deprivation into groups 1 (most affluent) to 7 (least affluent). We investigated social deprivation in North Glasgow and its relationship to lung cancer presentation, investigation, treatment, and mortality. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with lung cancer diagnosed in North Glasgow in 2009 and 2010 were prospectively recorded in a registry. We investigated prevalence, stage at presentation, performance status, attempts at tissue diagnosis and treatment administered with the DEPCAT score. <h3>Results</h3> 1190 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer in the study period and clinical details were recorded at a multidisciplinary meeting. DEPCAT was available in more than 99% of patients. 61% of patients were from the most deprived categories (6 and 7). Lung cancer was more prevalent in deprived areas (Table 1). Stage at presentation was not different based on social deprivation, but patients from deprived areas had a poorer performance status at presentation (PS 0–1 DEPCAT1–2: 58% vs DEPCAT 6–7:40%). While there was no difference in whether tissue diagnosis was attempted, fewer patients from DEPCAT 6–7 underwent surgery or radical radiotherapy and more of this group were treated with best supportive care (Table 1). There was a trend to better median survival in more affluent groups, but confidence intervals were overlapping. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found that the prevalence of lung cancer was higher in more deprived areas, in keeping with previous studies, and that these patients had a worse performance status at diagnosis despite similar stage of disease at presentation. Although there was no difference in pursuit of tissue diagnosis, fewer patients from more deprived areas underwent curative treatment. These differences in lung cancer diagnosis and management could be attributable to higher rates of co-morbidity in areas of lower socio-economic class.
Demonstration of Mucociliary Clearance in Ventilation Scintigraphy Using an Airjet Nebulizer
Authors: MARK P. BEST, ALAN W. McARTHUR, RODNEY J. THOMSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Airjet nebulizers producing aerosols capable of peripheral airways penetration are used to deposit Tc-99m by impaction and sedimentation.
Usefulness of Revised Fasting Plasma Glucose Criterion and Characteristics of the Insulin Response to an Oral Glucose Load in Newly Diagnosed Japanese Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Yasushi Tanaka, Yoshihito Atsumi, Takayuki Asahina, Kazuhiro Hosokawa, Kenpei Matsuoka, Junichiro Kinoshita, Tomio Onuma, Ryuzo Kawamori
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To examine the usefulness of the revised criterion for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the diagnosis of diabetes recommended by the American Diabetic Association (ADA) (126 mg/dl, 7 mmol/1), and to characterize insulin response during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in newly diagnosed Japanese diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A series of 2,121 Japanese subjects underwent a 75-g OGTT (0–3 h) and were divided into three groups (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and diabetes mellitus [DM]) according to the current World Health Organization criteria. After the cutoff values of FPG that distinguish NGT and IGT from diabetes were analyzed, the usefulness of the ADA criterion for FPG was examined by comparing diagnostic parameters (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) with those for the cutoff value of 140 mg/dl. To assess insulin response, both the insulinogenic index (Islx), a marker of early secretion, and the area under the insulin response curve (AUCIns), a marker of total secretion, were compared between the DM, NGT, and 1GT groups. RESULTS First, the FPG cutoff value distinguishing NGT from diabetes was 109 mg/dl. An FPG of 126 mg/dl showed a higher sensitivity (0.52 vs. 0.31), the same specificity (1.00), and a higher accuracy (0.82 vs. 0.74) than an FPG of 140 mg/dl, and it had a higher specificity (1.00 vs. 0.86) with a slightly lower accuracy (0.82 vs. 0.85) than an FPG of 109 mg/dl. Second, the FPG cutoff value differentiating IGT from diabetes was 113 mg/dl. An FPG of 126 mg/dl showed a higher sensitivity (0.52 vs. 0.31) and accuracy (0.80 vs. 0.74) and a similar specificity (0.97 vs. 1.00) compared with an FPG of 140 mg/dl, and it had a higher specificity (0.97 vs. 0.82) with the same accuracy (0.80) as an FPG of 113 mg/dl. Third, the DM group showed the lowest Islx among the three groups at all FPG values. The AUCIns in the DM group increased along with FPG, reached the maximum level at an FPG of 110 mg/dl, and declined thereafter. AUCIns was higher in the DM group than in the NGT group at FPG values ≥100 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS The revised ADA criterion for FPG of 126 mg/dl may improve diagnostic sensitivity without loss of specificity in Japanese diabetic subjects when compared with an FPG criterion of 140 mg/dl. Although early insulin secretion was impaired, total insulin secretion did not seem to be reduced in newly diagnosed Japanese diabetic subjects.
Antibiotic Usage in Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: William E. Scheckler
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The specific answers for the points Dr. Rosenthal raises in his letter are as follows:  The definition of urinary tract infections used during the prevalence studies is essentially as follows:  Asymptomatic Bacteriuria.—  This term is applied to those persons having colony counts in urine of greater than 100,000 organisms per milliliter without previous or current manifestations of infection; such asymptomatic urinary tract infections should be classified as nosocomial if an earlier urine culture was negative at a time when the patient was not receiving antibiotics. If a patient is admitted to the hospital with a urinary tract infection, subsequent culture of a new pathogen in numbers greater than 100,000 organisms per milliliter should be regarded as a nosocomial infection.  Other Urinary Tract Infections.—  The onset of clinical signs or symptoms of urinary tract infection (fever, dysuria, costovertebral angle tenderness, suprapubic tenderness, etc) in a hospitalized patient in
PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons
Authors: Kai Liu, Yi Lu, Jae K Lee, Ramsey Samara, Rafer Willenberg, Ilse Sears-Kraxberger, Andrea Tedeschi, Kevin Kyungsuk Park, Duo Jin, Bin Cai, Bengang Xu, Lauren Connolly, Oswald Steward, Binhai Zheng, Zhigang He
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
Ecologically structured information: The power of pictures and other effective data presentations
Authors: Wolfgang Gaissmaier, Nils Straubinger, David C. Funder
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The general principle behind the effects of nested sets on the use of base rates, we believe, is that the mind is prepared to take in “ecologically structured information.” Without any need to assume two cognitive systems, this principle explains how the proper use of base rates can be facilitated and also accounts for occasions when base rates are overused.
The Supreme Court and the Future of Medicaid
Authors: Timothy Stoltzfus Jost, Sara Rosenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The Supreme Court ruled that the Medicaid expansion in the Affordable Care Act is unconstitutionally coercive toward the states. But which ACA Medicaid reforms are affected, how far the Court's new coercion doctrine goes, and how states will respond remain unclear.
Reply to Katsinelos et al.
Authors: V. Panteris, J. Haringsma, E. Kuipers
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

We greatly appreciate the thoughtful comments by Katsinelos et al. The immediate endoscopic management of colonic perforations has emerged as an alternative efficacious and safe procedure in the appropriate clinical setting for prevention of abdominal contamination and subsequent surgical morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospitalization [1]. The use of endoscopic clipping is the first and most widely used technique for treating iatrogenic colonic perforations for reasons of availability, simplicity, performance, and safety.
Inflammatory Parameters Are Independent Predictors of Severe Epicardial Coronary Stenosis in Asymptomatic Diabetic Patients With Silent Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Christophe Piot, Annick Fontbonne, Arianne Sultan, Manasse Rasamisoa, Denis Mariano-Goulart, Jean-Marc Davy, Louis Monnier, Antoine Avignon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Inflammatory markers (IM) have been associated with the risk of development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in nondiabetic patients (1). So far, no data are available concerning the relationship between angiographically documented CAD and inflammation in the diabetic population. Moreover, recently it has been suggested that in patients with silent myocardial ischemia (SMI), a condition frequently observed in diabetic populations (2), there is a higher production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (3), which suggests that the commonly described association between IM and CAD might not be found in patients with SMI. Therefore, …
Asystole after verapamil.
Authors: D Krikler, R Spurrell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

glands are cholinergic and show muscarinic characteristics.They are therefore blocked by muscarinic antagonists such as atropine but are quite unaffected by alpha blockers.The second point arises from the state- ment that noradrenaline is without direct effect on the myocardium.Although the spectrum of agonist activity of noradren- aline is predominantly alpha it does exhibit some beta activity, and therefore it is false to imagine the myocardium immune from the actions of noradrenaline.-Iam, etc.,
ON A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR VACCINATION: THE VACCINE INSITOR
Authors: G. E. Nicholas
Journal: BMJ (1856)

dos of ealomel, at two hours interval, the stupor gradually subsiding, a black draught was given; sveral green motions quickly followed; and we suspended further treatment.Thirty hours from the onset of the con- vulsion, labour supervened, was quick and uormal, and, to my gratification and surprise, no more fits occurred.The
Acute subendocardial myocardial infarction in patients. Its detection by Technetium 99-m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams.
Authors: J T Willerson, R W Parkey, F J Bonte, S L Meyer, E M Stokely
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Eighty-eight patients admitted to a coronary care unit with chest pain of varying etiology but without ECG evidence of an acute transmural myocardial infarction had myocardial scintigrams using technetium-99m stannour pyrophosphate (99m-Tc-PYP). Seventeen of these patients had ECG and enzymatic evidence suggestive of acute subendocardial myocardial infarction. In each of these the scintigrams were postivie demonstrating increased 99m-Tc-PYP uptake either in a faintly but diffusely positive pattern or in a well-localized strongly positive one. The remaining 71 patients did not evolve ECG or enzymatic evidence of acute myocardial infarction. In each of these patients the myocardial scintigram was negative. Thus 99m-Tc-PYP myocardial scintigrams are capable of identifying the presence of acute subendocardial myocardial infarction in patients. The absolute frequency with shich subendocardial myocardial infarction can be recognized utilizing this technique will have to be established in a larger number of patients in the future.
Amino Acids as Feedback Regulators of Insulin
Authors: H. N. Munro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

For more than 40 years it has been known that the levels of free amino acids in the blood are rapidly reduced after insulin or carbohydrate is given to animals or human subjects. There is good reason to believe that this is primarily due to increased uptake of amino acids by skeletal muscle, a well established action of insulin. Recently, it has been shown that the inverse relation between insulin and amino acids also occurs since intravenous infusion of any one of several amino acids has been found to cause release of insulin into the plasma. In this issue of . . .
THE DIAGNOSIS OF APPENDICITIS.SHOULD THE APPENDIX BE EEMOVED WHEN THE ABDOMEN IS OPEN FOR OTHER CONDITIONS?
Authors: FLOYD W. McRAE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

So much has been written and said about the case of diagnosing appendiceal disease, so little stress has been laid on the occasional difficulty of making a correct diagnosis, that condemnation is heaped on those who fail to appreciate the real condition. Sight is lost of the fact that the best diagnosticians and abdominal surgeons are occasionally put to it to determine whether the appendix is the seat of the trouble or not. Mistakes are made by the very best surgeons. Each of us should profit by his own mistakes and the mistakes of his fellows, and each of us should be willing to give the whole profession his experiences, fairly and unreservedly. 1 have only removed 272 appendices of which I have accurate records. In forty instances, multiple operations were done at the same séance, and in many of them the diseased condition of the appendix
Proliferation kinetics of subpopulations of human marrow cells determined by quantifying in vivo incorporation of [2H2]-glucose into DNA of S-phase cells
Authors: Gretchen N. Schwartz, Barbara A. Vance, Benjamin M. Levine, Motoharu Fukazawa, William G. Telford, Denise Cesar, Marc Hellerstein, Ronald E. Gress
Journal: Blood (2003)