tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostication in 3-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease Based on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction During Exercise
Authors: Phyllis G. Supino, Jeffrey S. Borer, Edmund M. Herrold, Clare Hochreiter
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Previous data indicate that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) provides prognostic information among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the value of such testing specifically for defining benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may relate to severity of exercise-inducible ischemia measured noninvasively before surgery. Methods and Results —To determine the independent prognostic importance of preoperative ischemia severity for predicting outcomes of CABG among patients with extensive CAD, we monitored 167 stable patients with angiographically documented 3-vessel CAD (average follow-up of 9 years in event-free patients) who previously had undergone rest and exercise radionuclide cineangiography. Their course was correlated with data obtained during initial radionuclide testing, coronary arteriography, and clinical evaluation at study entry. Fifty-two patients received medical treatment only, and 115 underwent CABG (44 early [≤1 month after initial study]). Multivariate Cox model analysis indicated that change (Δ) in LVEF from rest to exercise during radionuclide study was the strongest independent predictor of major cardiac events ( P =0.003) before surgery and also predicted magnitude of CABG benefit ( P =0.04). Patients with ΔLVEF −8% or less derived significant survival-prolonging and event-reducing benefit from CABG performed ≤1 month after initial testing ( P &lt;0.02 for cardiac death and P =0.008 for cardiac events], early CABG versus medical-treatment-only patients); similar benefits were absent among patients with ΔLVEF more than −8%, and among those in whom CABG was deferred. Conclusions —Assessment of ischemia severity based on LVEF response to exercise enables effective prognostication among patients with 3-vessel CAD and defines the likelihood of life-prolonging and event-reducing benefits from CABG.
Effects of<i>CYP2C19</i>Genotype on Outcomes of Clopidogrel Treatment
Authors: Guillaume Paré, Shamir R. Mehta, Salim Yusuf, Sonia S. Anand, Stuart J. Connolly, Jack Hirsh, Katy Simonsen, Deepak L. Bhatt, Keith A.A. Fox, John W. Eikelboom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

It has been suggested that clopidogrel may be less effective in reducing the rate of cardiovascular events among persons who are carriers of loss-of-function CYP2C19 alleles that are associated with reduced conversion of clopidogrel to its active metabolite.We genotyped patients from two large, randomized trials that showed that clopidogrel, as compared with placebo, reduced the rate of cardiovascular events (the primary efficacy outcome) among patients with acute coronary syndromes and among patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients were genotyped for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (*2, *3, *17) that define the major CYP2C19 alleles.Among 5059 genotyped patients with acute coronary syndromes, clopidogrel as compared with placebo significantly reduced the rate of the primary efficacy outcome, irrespective of the genetically determined metabolizer phenotype (P=0.12 for heterogeneity). The effect of clopidogrel in reducing the rate of the primary efficacy outcome was similar in patients who were heterozygous or homozygous for loss-of-function alleles and in those who were not carriers of the alleles (rate among carriers, 8.0% with clopidogrel vs. 11.6% with placebo; hazard ratio with clopidogrel, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.98; rate among noncarriers, 9.5% vs. 13.0%; hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.87). In contrast, gain-of-function carriers derived more benefit from clopidogrel treatment as compared with placebo than did noncarriers (rate of primary outcome among carriers, 7.7% vs. 13.0%; hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.73; rate among noncarriers, 10.0% vs. 12.2%; hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.05; P=0.02 for interaction). The effect of clopidogrel on bleeding did not vary according to genotypic subgroups. Among 1156 genotyped patients with atrial fibrillation, there was no evidence of an interaction with respect to either efficacy or bleeding between the study treatment and the metabolizer phenotype, loss-of-function carrier status, or gain-of-function carrier status.Among patients with acute coronary syndromes or atrial fibrillation, the effect of clopidogrel as compared with placebo is consistent, irrespective of CYP2C19 loss-of-function carrier status. (Funded by Sanofi-Aventis and Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00249873.).
Phase II Clinical Trial of a Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Encoding, Second-Generation Oncolytic Herpesvirus in Patients With Unresectable Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Neil N. Senzer, Howard L. Kaufman, Thomas Amatruda, Mike Nemunaitis, Tony Reid, Gregory Daniels, Rene Gonzalez, John Glaspy, Eric Whitman, Kevin Harrington, Howard Goldsweig, Tracey Marshall, Colin Love, Robert Coffin, John J. Nemunaitis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Treatment options for metastatic melanoma are limited. We conducted this phase II trial to assess the efficacy of JS1/34.5-/47-/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in stages IIIc and IV disease.Treatment involved intratumoral injection of up to 4 mL of 10(6) pfu/mL of JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF followed 3 weeks later by up to 4 mL of 10(8) pfu/mL every 2 weeks for up to 24 treatments. Clinical activity (by RECIST [Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors]), survival, and safety parameters were monitored.Fifty patients (stages IIIc, n = 10; IVM1a, n = 16; IVM1b, n = 4; IVM1c, n = 20) received a median of six injection sets; 74% of patients had received one or more nonsurgical prior therapies for active disease, including dacarbazine/temozolomide or interleukin-2 (IL-2). Adverse effects were limited primarily to transient flu-like symptoms. The overall response rate by RECIST was 26% (complete response [CR], n = 8; partial response [PR], n = 5), and regression of both injected and distant (including visceral) lesions occurred. Ninety-two percent of the responses had been maintained for 7 to 31 months. Ten additional patients had stable disease (SD) for greater than 3 months, and two additional patients had surgical CR. On an extension protocol, two patients subsequently achieved CR by 24 months (one previously PR, one previously SD), and one achieved surgical CR (previously PR). Overall survival was 58% at 1 year and 52% at 24 months.The 26% response rate, with durability in both injected and uninjected lesions including visceral sites, together with the survival rates, are evidence of systemic effectiveness. This effectiveness, combined with a limited toxicity profile, warrants additional evaluation of JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF in metastatic melanoma. A US Food and Drug Administration-approved phase III investigation is underway.
A Degenerate ParaHox Gene Cluster in a Degenerate Vertebrate
Authors: R. F. Furlong, R. Younger, M. Kasahara, R. Reinhardt, M. Thorndyke, P. W. H. Holland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

The ParaHox genes consist of 3 homeobox gene families, Gsx, Xlox, and Cdx, all of which have fundamental roles in development. Xlox (known as IPF1 or PDX1 in vertebrates), for example, is crucial for development of the vertebrate pancreas and is also involved in regulation of insulin expression. The invertebrate amphioxus has a gene cluster containing one gene from each of the gene families, whereas in all vertebrates examined to date there are additional copies resultant from ParaHox gene cluster duplications at the base of the vertebrate lineage. Extant vertebrates basal to bony and cartilaginous fish are central to the question of when and how these multiple genes arose in the vertebrate genome. Here, we report the mapping of a ParaHox gene cluster in 2 species of hagfishes. Unexpectedly, these basal vertebrates have lost a functional Xlox gene from this cluster, unlike every other vertebrate examined to date. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analyses suggest that hagfishes may have diverged from the vertebrate lineage before the duplications, which created the multiple ParaHox clusters in jawed vertebrates.
Relation between HLA DRB1 alleles and corticosteroid resistance in giant cell arteritis
Authors: O Rauzy, M Fort, F Nourhashemi, L Alric, H Juchet, M Ecoiffier, M Abbal, D Adoue
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of genomic HLA typing during the first two years of established giant cell arteritis (GCA).HLA typing was performed by PCR-SSO in 41 selected white patients with GCA confirmed by biopsy. Patient data were compared with those of a control group of 384 bone marrow donors (relative risk, p value and chi 2 test for each allele). Clinical features at onset and response to treatment over a two year period were evaluated in relation to the genetic pattern.DRB1*04 was significantly increased in the GCA group (frequency of 48.78% compared with 19.79% in controls, p < 0.001). The distribution of the DRB1*04 subtypes in the GCA group was similar to that in controls. No clinical or biological differences were found in association with HLA at the time of diagnosis. Over the two year follow up, nine patients presented resistance to corticosteroid treatment and eight of these (88.88%) had DRB1*04 (p < 0.001).GCA seems to be associated with HLA DRB1*04 (regardless of the subtype) and this association appears to be accompanied by corticosteroid resistance, suggesting that genomic typing may be useful to identify patients eligible for early alternative treatment to corticosteroid drugs.
Standardization of Drug Names
Authors: John R. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

At the beginning of his article, Dr. Allan appears to support Senator Nelson's bill, S. 2633, the purpose of which is to prohibit the use of trademarks for drugs. In several other places in the article, however, he acknowledges that physicians should have freedom in the manner in which they designate drug names on their prescriptions, and he indicates that it is proper for physicians to have the responsibility and authority to prescribe a particular brand of a drug. Nevertheless, his conclusion leaves the reader in a quandary: the first sentence advocates the abolition of proprietary names, but the final sentence states that "the prescribing physician must be free to designate the manufacturer or<i>brand</i>[emphasis added] when, in his judgment, it is advantageous to the patient." Apparently, Dr. Allan wants to have his cake and eat it too. It is noteworthy that the concluding statement reflects the policy of
Reexamining Rationales of “Fairness”: An Athlete and Insider's Perspective on the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes
Authors: Hida Patricia Viloria, Maria Jose Martínez-Patino
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

The International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) and the International Olympics Committee (IOC) propose that their new policies for women with high levels of testosterone, known as hype...
THE RESISTANCE OF THE PERITONEUM.ILLUSTRATIVE CASE.
Authors: CHESTER M. ECHOLS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

A patient's liability to septic peritonitis following abdominal section or wounds involving the peritoneum depends manifestly on two factors: First, the virulence and number of the micro-organisms introduced, and, second, the vital resistance of the individual patient. Concerning the first of these factors volumes have been written; as to the second, however, there is a singular paucity of references in the literature of surgery. To emphasize the rôle of the individual resistance of the patient in preventing or favoring peritonitis is the motive of this article. I consulted several systems of surgery without finding any mention of the varying susceptibility of different patients to post-operative peritonitis. H. A. Kelly, however, gives recognition to the importance of the patient's condition in the following language: "The more we learn of infectious processes the more we are convinced that the vital resistance of the patient plays an important, if not the greatest, part in the resistance to infection.
Propranolol and Hypoglycemia in Renal Failure
Authors: A. R. NISSENSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1978Propranolol and Hypoglycemia in Renal FailureA. R. NISSENSON, M.D.A. R. NISSENSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-1-148_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The pharmacologic management of renin-dependent hypertension in patients on chronic hemodialysis is often difficult and unrewarding with standard antihypertensive regimes. Renin-dependency may occur in 10% to 40% of patients on hemodialysis, and treatment with minoxidil, or hemofiltration (where available), is often necessary; when these are unavailable, bilateral nephrectomy with its attendant removal of all renal excretory and endocrine function results. It is therefore of importance that Lindner, Douglas and Adamson (1) report the effectiveness of propranolol in the treatment of renindependent hypertension in patients on hemodialysis. Though they state that this agent is ". . . safe...References1. LINDER A, DOUGLAS S, and ADAMSON J: Propranolol effects in longterm hemodialysis patients with renin-dependent hypertension. Ann Intern Med 88:457-462, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SAMII K, CIANCIONI C, ROTTEMBOURG J, BISSELICHES F, and JACOBS C: Severe hypoglycaemia due to beta blocking drugs in hemodialysis patients. Lancet 1:545-546, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SKINNER D and MISBIN R: Uses of propranolol. N Engl J Med 293:1205, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. R. NISSENSON, M.D.Affiliations: The School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90024 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPropranolol-Associated Hypoglycemia in Patients on Maintenance HemodialysisAnti-anginal and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs 1 July 1978Volume 89, Issue 1Page: 148-148KeywordsHemofiltrationHypertensionHypoglycemiaNephrectomyRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reflections on new treatments for burns--caveat legor
Authors: F. D. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In this issue ofThe Journalappears an article describing with enthusiasm an apparent improvement in the treatment of burns with heparin sodium. The concept is not new, as the authors point out. Burns and cold injury both have a thrombotic element in the perpetuation of tissue damage. The judicious use of an anticoagulant should help in treatment. The hazards of anticoagulants are equally evident because there is also a hemorrhagic element in the tissue damage. This might be made worse by an anticoagulant. Certain complications of burns, such as bleeding gastritis or gastroduodenal ulcer, would certainly be made more hazardous to the patient. The authors have discussed these various aspects and report that the general effect is desirable and helpful to the patient.  The hazards of presenting such an article as this, in the general literature, go far beyond these technical or pharmacologic details. They relate, instead, to the
Termination of Left Superior Vena Cava in Left Atrium, Atrial Septal Defect, and Absence of Coronary Sinus
Authors: GUNAY RAGHIB, HERBERT D. RUTTENBERG, RAY C. ANDERSON, KURT AMPLATZ, PAUL ADAMS, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Eight cases of termination of the left superior vena cava in the left atrium are reviewed pathologically and clinically. In three of the five patients who died, pathologic examination revealed three anomalies which, together, are considered to form a developmental complex. The anomalies are (1) termination of the left superior vena cava in the left atrium, (2) absence of the coronary sinus, and (3) an atrial septal defect lying in the postero-inferior angle of the atrial septum. In the two remaining fatal cases, the aforementioned anomalies were associated with persistent common atrioventricular canal. In this situation, the atrial septal defect of the latter malformation was confluent with the atrial septal defect of the anomalous complex described. The coexistence of three anomalies-the left superior vena cava terminating in the left atrium, absent coronary sinus, and atrial septal defect-is considered to result from a single developmental abnormality. This takes the form of failure of complete formation of the left atriovenous fold, that fold which normally develops along the left side of the junction of the sinus venosus and the atrial portion of the heart. Clinically, features of increased pulmonary blood flow, coupled with duskiness of the skin, were the significant abnormalities. When cardiac catheterization was attempted through a right-sided vein, the data revealed a left-to-right shunt at atrial level, while levels of arterial oxygen desaturation were present. Except in cases with coexistent ventricular septal defect, pulmonary hypertension was absent. In each of the four patients in whom cardiac catheterization was performed through a left antecubital vein, the catheter was advanced into the left superior vena cava, left atrium, and left ventricle. This was substantiated by angiocardiography in three of the four patients. In our experience, angiocardiography was the most reliable procedure to substantiate the termination of the left superior vena cava in the left atrium. The present study suggests that, in the absence of pulmonary hypertension, a left-to-right transatrial shunt associated with systemic arterial oxygen desaturation may indicate the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava terminating in the left atrium. Moreover, an atrial septal defect identified surgically as lying in the postero-inferior angle of the atrial septum should suggest that an additional anomaly may be present in the form of termination of the left superior vena cava in the left atrium.
<i>Nocardia brasiliensis</i>in New England
Authors: Morris A. Gordon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

NOCARDIA BRASILIENSIS, a common incitant of pulmonary disease and mycetoma in Mexico and other parts of Latin America,1 has been found only rarely in the United States. Reports of human infection with adequate identification of the etiologic agent as N. brasiliensis have come from California2 (isolate originally named Actinomyces mexicana, confirmed as N. brasiliensis by R. E. Gordon3), Georgia (identified by R. E. Gordon3), Florida (mentioned by Ajello et al.4), Louisiana (J. D. Schneidau, personal communication, 1960) and Michigan (R. E. Gordon5). The description of an isolate from Texas6 suggests that it may have . . .
Echocardiographic quantification of regional deformation helps to distinguish isolated left ventricular non‐compaction from dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Markus Niemann, Dan Liu, Kai Hu, Maja Cikes, Meinrad Beer, Sebastian Herrmann, Philipp Daniel Gaudron, Hanns Hillenbrand, Wolfram Voelker, Georg Ertl, Frank Weidemann
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
"Locate" and "localise"
Authors: P Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The recently reported “UK variant” of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be more infectious than previously circulating strains as a result of several changes, including the N501Y mutation. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ectodomains with and without the N501Y mutation, in complex with the V<sub>H</sub> fragment of the potent neutralizing antibody, V<sub>H</sub> -Fc ab8. The mutation results in localized structural perturbations near Y501, but V<sub>H</sub> -Fc ab8 retains the ability to bind and neutralize pseudotyped viruses expressing the N501Y mutant with efficiencies comparable to that of unmutated viruses. Our results show that despite the higher affinity of ACE2 for the N501Y mutant, it can still be neutralized efficiently by an antibody that binds epitopes in the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Isolation and propagation of endothelial cells derived from rheumatoid synovial microvasculature.
Authors: C J Jackson, P K Garbett, R M Marks, G Chapman, D H Sonnabend, S R Potter, P M Brooks, L Schrieber
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Synovial angiogenesis may play an important part in the destruction of articular cartilage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As an important first step towards developing in vitro models of synovial angiogenesis, microvascular endothelial cells have been isolated, purified, and cultured from operative synovial specimens obtained from adult patients with RA.
Robert Nicol Traquair Thin
Authors: J. Bingham
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Robert Nicol Traquair Thin (“Nicol”) was the scion of a distinguished Edinburgh medical family. He rowed for Scotland (coxed fours) in the Commonwealth Games in 1958. He served in the Royal Army Medical Corps, specialising originally in chest medicine before changing to venereology while serving in Singapore. On leaving the army, he was appointed consultant, initially in his …
Extraosseous Accumulation of Tc-99m MDP Metastatic Intracranial Neuroblastoma
Authors: JOHN R. STY, ROBERT J. STARSHA, JAMES T. CASPER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The case of a child with neuroblastoma whose intracranial metastatic lesions accumulated Tc-99m MDP is presented. Cranial computed tomography and autopsy findings corroborated the scintigraphic observations.
Age specific trends in asthma mortality in England and Wales, 1983-95: results of an observational study
Authors: M J Campbell, G R Cogman, S T Holgate, S L Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine trends in asthma mortality by age group in England and Wales during 1983-95. <b>Design:</b> Observational study. <b>Setting:</b> England and Wales. <b>Subjects:</b> All deaths classified as having an underlying cause of asthma registered from 1 January 1983 to 31 December 1995. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Time trends for age specific asthma deaths. <b>Results:</b> Deaths in the age group 5-14 years showed an irregular downward trend during 1983-95; deaths in the age groups 15-44, 45-64, and 65-74 years peaked before 1989 and then showed a downward trend; and deaths in the age group 75-84 years peaked between 1988 and 1993 and subsequently dropped. Trends were: age group 5-14 years, 6% (95% confidence interval 3% to 9%); 15-44 years, 6% (5% to 7%); 45-64 years, 5% (4% to 6%); 65-74 years, 2% (1% to 3%). Deaths in the 75-84 and 85 and over categories plateaued. <b>Conclusions:</b> There are downward trends in asthma mortality in Britain, which may be due to increased use of prophylactic treatment. <h3>Key messages</h3> Asthma mortality in England and Wales is dropping by about 6% a year in people aged 5-64 years It is changing only slowly in those aged 65 and over
VITAMIN A IN THE DIET
Authors: William Cramer
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The detailed report by your London correspondent of my paper on the Requirements of the Population in Milk Fat (The Journal, October 1, p. 1162) is concluded by the following criticism: Whether Dr. Cramer is right or wrong in stating that we are generally suffering from a shortage of vitamin A, he seems to overlook the fact that the vitamin occurs—in smaller proportions than in butter it is true—in milk, eggs, meat fat and vegetables. Dr. W. H. Wilson, writing in the<i>Times</i>, states that the daily consumption of 6 or 7 ounces of vegetables, particularly green leafed (cooked or in salads), would provide a sufficiency not only of vitamin A but also of the other vitamins. In some investigations which he recently carried out in Egypt, he found that the liver fats of sheep and oxen appeared to contain about 200 times the amount of vitamin