tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is the Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension Neglected?
Authors: John Marley, Nichola Davis, Michael Joy
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Non-pharmacological techniques in the management of hypertension have been shown to be beneficial. This pilot study was set up to examine how often routine advice was given with respect to weight reduction and/or lifestyle adjustments, and whether it was needed. Three-quarters of the 69 patients in the study smoked or were overweight but only half of the smokers recalled advice to stop. One-fifth of the patients were apparently not told to lose weight. Only one-third recalled being told to reduce alcohol intake. Lifestyle counselling and the management of hypertension in this small study appeared to be not completely effective for various reasons. It is likely to be cheaper and more satisfactory than medication alone or as an adjunct and its application deserves further study.
Should All Women With Breast Cancer Be Tested for <i>BRCA</i> Mutations at the Time of Diagnosis?
Authors: Steven A. Narod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

REFERENCES 1. Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P-L, Huovinen R, et al: Adjuvant capecitabine, docetaxel, cyclophosphamide, and epirubicin for early breast cancer: Final analysis of the randomized FinXX trial. J Clin Oncol 30:11-18, 2012 2. Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, Huovinen R, et al: Integration of capecitabine (X) into adjuvant therapy comprising docetaxel (T) followed by 5-FU, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CEF): Efficacy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (BC). J Clin Oncol 28:75s, 2010 (suppl 15; abstr 531) 3. Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, et al: Adjuvant capecitabine in combination with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide plus epirubicin for breast cancer: An open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 10:11451151, 2009 4. Poole CJ, Earl HM, Hiller L, et al: Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 355:1851-1862, 2006 5. Earl HM, Vallier A, Hiller L, et al: Neo-tAnGo: A neoadjuvant randomized phase III trial of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel gemcitabine in the treatment of women with high-risk early breast cancer (EBC): First report of the primary endpoint, pathological complete response (pCR). J Clin Oncol 27:12s, 2009 (suppl 15; abstr 522) 6. Gregory WM, Bolland K, Whitehead J, et al: Cautionary tales of survival analysis: Conflicting analyses from a clinical trial in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 76:551-558, 1997 7. Blows FM, Driver KE, Schmidt MK, et al: Subtyping of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry to investigate a relationship between subtype and short and long term survival: A collaborative analysis of data for 10,159 cases from 12 studies. PLoS Med 7:e1000279, 2010 8. Berry DA, Cirrincione C, Henderson IC, et al: Estrogen-receptor status and outcomes of modern chemotherapy for patients with node-positive breast cancer. JAMA 295:1658-1667, 2006
Exome Chip Genotyping Reveals Association with LAMA3 (laminin, alpha 3) Gene and Eczema Herpeticum in a Population of European Descent
Authors: Nicholas Rafaels, Lili Huang, Donald Y.M. Leung, Lisa A. Beck, Candelaria I. Vergara, Mark Boguniewicz, Tissa Hata, Lynda Schneider, Jon M. Hanifin, Richard Gallo, Li Gao, Rasika A. Mathias, Kathleen C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Analysis of association of DNASE2 promoter variation with rheumatoid arthritis in European Caucasians
Authors: A. Phipps-Green, C. McKinney, M. Rossol, M. E. Merriman, R. Topless, J. E. Hollis-Moffatt, W. R. Wan Taib, N. Dalbeth, P. J. Gow, A. A. Harrison, J. Highton, P. B. B. Jones, L. K. Stamp, U. Wanger, P. Wordsworth, T. R. Merriman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Deoxyribonuclease II (DNASE2) is a lysosomal enzyme responsible for degrading DNA released from cells during erythropoiesis or apoptosis.1 DNASE2 mouse knockouts develop chronic polyarthritis similar to human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including rheumatoid factor (RF).2 Association has been reported between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs11085823 , rs12609744 and rs249143 ) in tight linkage disequilibrium within the DNASE2 promoter and RA in German Caucasian samples, with differential association according to RF status.3

With the aim of replicating the previous findings,3 rs12609744 , chosen because HapMap data were available for imputation, was genotyped using a TaqMan assay (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, USA) in New Zealand and UK Caucasian case-control samples,4 5 and imputed genotype data retrieved from a genome-wide scan (table 1).6 No evidence for association was found in any of the sample sets (OR 0.93–0.99, p = 0.27–0.97) (table 1). In meta-analysis using a …
Attenuation of Rebound Ischemia After Discontinuation of Heparin Therapy by Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition With Eptifibatide in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Michael A. Lauer, Penny L. Houghtaling, John G. Peterson, Christopher B. Granger, Deepak L. Bhatt, Shelly K. Sapp, Maarten L. Simoons, Robert A. Harrington, Eric J. Topol, A. Michael Lincoff
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background A reactivation of ischemia after the discontinuation of intravenous heparin in acute coronary syndromes has been described. The effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade on heparin rebound is unknown. Methods and Results Patients with acute coronary syndromes who received heparin therapy but not initial revascularization in the Platelet IIb/IIIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy (PURSUIT) trial were analyzed. Rates of death or myocardial (re)infarction while on heparin therapy and in 12-hour periods in the 2 days after heparin discontinuation were compared between eptifibatide and placebo. There was no difference between study groups in event rates during heparin infusion. In the 12 hours after heparin discontinuation, there was a 2.5-fold increase in all events, an 8-fold increase in death, and a 2-fold increase in myocardial infarction. However, in the 12 hours after heparin discontinuation, there was a significantly lower rate of events (1.68% versus 2.53%, P =0.03) and death (0.77% versus 0.21%, P =0.002) in the eptifibatide group compared with the placebo group. When only considering patients who were on study drug at the time of heparin discontinuation, the reduction in the combined end point was marginally significant, but the difference in the rate of death remained significant (0.68% versus 0.06%, P =0.004). In logistic regression analyses, the multivariate predictors of rebound events were the duration of heparin therapy, age, North American site, and lack of eptifibatide treatment. Conclusions An increase in death or myocardial infarction occurs in the 12 hours after heparin discontinuation in patients with acute coronary syndromes. This rebound is attenuated by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with eptifibatide.
Bacterial co-infections in community acquired pneumonia cases of 2009 pandemic-influenza A (H1N1) virus in Spain
Authors: Catia Cillόniz, Rosario Menendez, Santiago Ewig, Eva Polverino, Miquel Ferrer, Albert Gabarrus, Maria Angeles Marcos, Josep Mensa, Antoni Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Intro  The role of bacterial co-infection in complicating the clinical course of H1N1 influenza virus-associated pneumonia is poorly known, although it is often considered a cause of excess morbidity and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia   Objective:  To investigate incidence,clinical outcomes and risk factors of bacterial co-infection in patients with H1N1 influenza virus-associated pneumonia   Method:  Prospective observational study of hospitalized patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus associated pneumonia We compared cases with and without bacterial co-infection and analysed risk factors associated with bacterial co-infection and mortality in a multivariate analysis   Result:  We studied 128 patients of whom 42 (33%) presented bacterial co-infection.The most frequently bacterial pathogen was  S. pneumoniae  26 (62%) Independent predictors of bacterial co-infection were COPD comobidity (OR 9.6; p=0.002) and increase platelets count (OR1.0; p=0.041).  The mortality rate was 9% and related, independent, risk factors were age ≥65 years (OR5.7,p=0.037),septic shock (OR5.5,p=0.036) and mechanical ventilation (OR8.6,p=0.011). Although H1N1 patients with bacterial co-infection showed more severe clinical presentation (PSI score and length of hospital stay) their mortality was not significantly increased (25% vs 34%,p=0.54)   Conclusion:  H1N1 patients with bacterial co-infection showed worse clinical presentation as assessed by PSI, trend to worse renal function and increased need of mechanical ventilation.Nevertheless, the mortality rate was similar in both groups. COPD is a strong, independent risk factors of bacterial co-infection, but is not associated with increased mortality in H1N1 patients.
Lessons from ECLIPSE: a review of COPD biomarkers
Authors: Rosa Faner, Ruth Tal-Singer, John H Riley, Bartolomé Celli, Jørgen Vestbo, William MacNee, Per Bakke, Peter M A Calverley, Harvey Coxson, Courtney Crim, Lisa D Edwards, Nick Locantore, David A Lomas, Bruce E Miller, Stephen I Rennard, Emiel F M Wouters, Julie C Yates, Edwin K Silverman, Alvar Agusti
Journal: Thorax (2013)

The Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points (ECLIPSE) study was a large 3-year observational controlled multicentre international study aimed at defining clinically relevant subtypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and identifying novel biomarkers and genetic factors. So far, the ECLIPSE study has produced more than 50 original publications and 75 communications to international meetings, many of which have significantly influenced our understanding of COPD. However, because there is not one paper reporting the biomarker results of the ECLIPSE study that may serve as a reference for practising clinicians, researchers and healthcare providers from academia, industry and government agencies interested in COPD, we decided to write a review summarising the main biomarker findings in ECLIPSE.
Colon Cancer Survival Is Associated With Decreasing Ratio of Metastatic to Examined Lymph Nodes
Authors: Adam C. Berger, Elin R. Sigurdson, Thomas LeVoyer, Alexandra Hanlon, Robert J. Mayer, John S. Macdonald, Paul J. Catalano, Daniel G. Haller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, with poor survival predicted by regional lymph node (LN) metastasis. The impact of LN ratio (LNR) on survival is unknown in this disease. Patients and Methods We analyzed data from Intergroup trial 0089 of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III patients with colon cancer, in which all patients received fluorouracil-based therapy. Survival was similar for all arms of the study, allowing us to evaluate all patients together. End points included overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate analyses were performed on all patients and on groups according to LNR quartiles (LNR: &lt; 0.05, 0.05 to 0.19, 0.2 to 0.39, and 0.4 to 1.0). Covariates included in the models were age, sex, tumor stage, grade, histology, number of positive LNs, number of LNs removed, and LNR. Results The median age was 63.7 years, and the median number of LNs removed was 11. In the multivariate analysis, LNR was a significant factor for OS, DFS, and CSS in patients with 10 to 15 LN and more than 15 LN removed but not for patients with less than 10 LN removed. Using quartiles, LNR maintained its significance for all three end points when patients were grouped by node status. Conclusion After curative resection for colorectal cancer, the LNR is an important prognostic factor and should be used in stratification schemes for future clinical trials investigating adjuvant treatments.
Metabolic Alterations in Mammary Cancer Prevention by Withaferin A in a Clinically Relevant Mouse Model
Authors: Eun-Ryeong Hahm, Joomin Lee, Su-Hyeong Kim, Anuradha Sehrawat, Julie A. Arlotti, Sruti S. Shiva, Rohit Bhargava, Shivendra V. Singh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundEfficacy of withaferin A (WA), an Ayurvedic medicine constituent, for prevention of mammary cancer and its associated mechanisms were investigated using mouse mammary tumor virus–neu (MMTV-neu) transgenic model.
Chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition aggravates glomerular injury in rats with subtotal nephrectomy.
Authors: C K Fujihara, G De Nucci, R Zatz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Besides its glomerular hemodynamic effects, nitric oxide (NO) inhibits platelet aggregation and mesangial cell proliferation, two mechanisms possibly involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis (GS). Chronic NO synthase inhibition in the rat leads to marked arterial hypertension and promotes glomerular and interstitial injury, but only mild GS. In this study, NO synthase blockade by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was associated with 5/6 nephrectomy, a well-known model of GS. Sixty-eight adult male Munich-Wistar rats were distributed among four groups: SHAM (no renal ablation or drug treatment), NX (5/6 nephrectomy), NX+NAME (5/6 nephrectomy and chronic treatment with L-NAME, 5 mg/dL in drinking water) and NX+NAME+L (as in group NX+NAME but also receiving the angiotensin II receptor inhibitor Losartan potassium (L), 25 mg/dL in drinking water). One week after ablation, rats of Group NX showed moderate glomerular hypertension and hypertrophy. Although glomerular enlargement was also modest in Group NX+NAME, glomerular hypertension was particularly severe in this group. Both alterations were absent in Group NX+NAME+L. Only incipient glomerular and interstitial injury occurred at this phase. Three weeks after ablation, renal structural injury was still modest in Group NX. By contrast, Group NX+NAME exhibited marked GS, glomerular ischemic injury, interstitial expansion, and creatinine retention. Renal injury was largely prevented in Group NX+NAME+L. Tuft enlargement occurred in all groups but was most prominent in Group NX. NO synthase inhibition aggravates parenchymal injury and functional impairment in the remanent kidney by mechanisms that may involve glomerular hypertension and renin-angiotensin activation but that appear to be unrelated to glomerular enlargement.
Testing for IgE Antibody to the Carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) in Patients with Recurrent, Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: How Many Cases Are We Missing?
Authors: S.P. Commins, H. James, N. Tran, E. Kelly, R. Mullins, P. Lieberman, T. Platts-Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Respiratory Diseases in Minorities of the United States
Authors: David B. Coultas, Henry Gong, Roni Grad, Aaron Handler, Stephen A. McCurdy, Richard Player, Everett R. Rhoades, Jonathan M. Samet, Alvin Thomas, Michael Westley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

"Respiratory Diseases in Minorities of the United States." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 149(3_pt_2), pp. S93–S131
Ablation of TAK1 Upregulates Reactive Oxygen Species and Selectively Kills Tumor Cells
Authors: Emily Omori, Kunihiro Matsumoto, Songyun Zhu, Robert C. Smart, Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

TAK1 kinase activates multiple transcription factors and regulates the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have previously reported that ablation of TAK1 in keratinocytes causes hypersensitivity to ROS-induced cell apoptosis. It is known that some tumor cells produce ROS at higher levels compared with normal cells. We used inducible epidermal-specific TAK1 knockout mice and examined whether ablation of TAK1 in preexisting skin tumors could cause an increase in ROS and result in tumor cell death. Deletion of tak1 gene in skin tumors caused the accumulation of ROS and increased apoptosis, and skin tumors totally regressed within 5 to 10 days. Normal skin did not exhibit any significant abnormality on tak1 gene deletion. Thus, TAK1 kinase could be a new and effective molecular target for ROS-based tumor killing.
Comparison of two-dose priming plus 9-month booster with a standard three-dose priming schedule for a ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Nepalese infants: a randomised, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Mainga Hamaluba, Rama Kandasamy, Shyam R Upreti, Giri R Subedi, Shrijana Shrestha, Shiva Bhattarai, Meeru Gurung, Rahul Pradhan, Merryn Voysey, Santosh Gurung, Shachi Pradhan, Anushil K Thapa, Rakesh Maharjan, Usha Kiran, Simon A Kerridge, Jason Hinds, Fiona van der Klis, Matthew D Snape, David R Murdoch, Sarah Kelly, Dominic F Kelly, Neelam Adhikari, Stephen Thorson, Andrew J Pollard
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)
Brain adenosine production in the rat during 60 seconds of ischemia.
Authors: H R Winn, R Rubio, R M Berne
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

In rats, cerebral perfusion pressure were altered abruptly by aortic transection to determine the production by ischemic brain of adenosine and its metabolites, inosine and hypoxanthine. Brain samples were obtained after 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 seconds of ischemia. Also measured were ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphocreatine (PCr), lactate, and pyruvate. Blood pressure was monitored continuously, and arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH were measured just prior to induction of ischemia. Adenosine was elevated t 2.30 +/- 0.31 (SE) nmol/g at 5 seconds from a control value of 0.96 +/- 0.07. A significant elevation of adenosine continued to 60 seconds (5.50 +/- 1.24). Furthermore, inosine showed a progressive upward trend during the entire 60 seconds of ischemia, whereas no change in hypoxanthine occurred between the moment of transection (31.81 +/- 2.01 nmol/g) and 60 seconds of ischemia (34.72 +/- 2.93). PCr decreased by 1.24 mumol/g within the first 5 seconds. After the onset of hypotension, significant changes did not occur in AMP and ADP until 30 seconds, and in ATP and pyruvate until 60 seconds after aortic transection; lactate was elevated by 10 seconds. The rapid rise of cerebral adenosine within 5 seconds after the onset of ischemia supports a role for adenosine in the regulation of cerebral blood flow.
Neonatal or hepatocyte growth factor–potentiated adult gene therapy with a retroviral vector results in therapeutic levels of canine factor IX for hemophilia B
Authors: Lingfei Xu, Cuihua Gao, Mark S. Sands, Shi-Rong Cai, Timothy C. Nichols, Dwight A. Bellinger, Robin A. Raymer, Stephanie McCorquodale, Katherine Parker Ponder
Journal: Blood (2003)
David Fillmer Alexander Karina Ann Clark Peter Thomas Flute Ian Hewetson Dalrymple Johnston John Derek Knight David Malcolm McBeath Arthur George McPherson John Patrick David Mounsey Gokhan Yahya Oktekin Henry Meurig Nicholas Rees Deepak Balkrishna Shah Kevin Anthony Valiat Harold Geoffrey Whitworth
Authors: B. Bower, S King, B King, J Parker-Williams, I H D Johnston, D Knight, C S Knight, C. D Hewitt, M G Wilson, K. Lovel, M. Briggs, J. A Harrington, S. Shah, S. Azfar, K. Heathfield, J. Pippard
Journal: BMJ (1999)

died from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on 21 May 1999.He saw the practice grow from two to seven doctors.He became a JP, was chairman of the bench, secretary and then chairman of the Swindon Medical Society, and chairman of the Swindon division of the BMA.In his last years he had to struggle with the effects of chemotherapy, but was sustained by his Christian faith-
Serum homocysteine level and protein intake are related to risk of microalbuminuria: The Hoorn Study
Authors: Ellen K. Hoogeveen, Pieter J. Kostense, Agnes Jager, Robert J. Heine, Cornelis Jakobs, Lex M. Bouter, Ab J.M. Donker, Coen D.A. Stehouwer
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Relationships of Cotinine and Self-Reported Cigarette Smoking With Hemoglobin A1c in the U.S.
Authors: Carole Clair, Asaf Bitton, James B. Meigs, Nancy A. Rigotti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Whether nicotine leads to a persistent increase in blood glucose levels is not clear. Our objective was to assess the relationship between cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), an index of recent glycemia.We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2008. We limited our analysis to 17,287 adults without diabetes. We created three cotinine categories: <0.05 ng/mL, 0.05-2.99 ng/mL, and ≥3 ng/mL.Using self-report, 25% of the sample were current smokers, 24% were former smokers, and 51% were nonsmokers. Smokers had a higher mean HbA(1c) (5.36% ± 0.01 SE) compared with never smokers (5.31% ± 0.01) and former smokers (5.31% ± 0.01). In a similar manner, mean HbA(1c) was higher among participants with cotinine ≥3 ng/mL (5.35% ± 0.01) and participants with cotinine 0.05-2.99 ng/mL (5.34% ± 0.01) compared with participants with cotinine <0.05 ng/mL (5.29% ± 0.01). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, we found that both a cotinine ≥3 ng/mL and self-reported smoking were associated with higher HbA(1c) compared with a cotinine <0.05 ng/mL or not smoking. People with a cotinine level ≥3 ng/mL had a relative 5% increase in HbA(1c) compared with people with a cotinine level <0.05 ng/mL, and smokers had a relative 7% increase in HbA(1c) compared with never smokers.Our study suggests that cotinine is associated with increased HbA(1c) in a representative sample of the U.S. population without diabetes.
Environmental Iodine Intake and Thyroid Dysfunction During Chronic Amiodarone Therapy
Authors: ENIO MARTINO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Amiodarone, an iodine-containing drug used frequently in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and angina pectoris, has many effects on thyroid hormone metabolism, including decreasing the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and decreasing the clearance of thyroxine and reverse T3. These effects result in elevated serum thyroxine and reverse T3 concentrations and decreased serum T3 concentrations. In addition, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may occur in patients chronically treated with amiodarone. This study is a retrospective analysis of the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in Lucca and Pisa, West Tuscany, Italy, and in Worcester, Massachusetts. Hyperthyroidism was a more frequent (9.6%) complication of amiodarone therapy in West Tuscany, where iodine intake is moderately low; hypothyroidism was more frequent (22%) in Worcester, where iodine intake is sufficient. In patients receiving chronic amiodarone therapy, clinically suspected hyperthyroidism is best confirmed by showing elevations in serum T3 or free T3 concentrations; hypothyroidism is best diagnosed by showing an elevated serum thyrotrophin concentration. Thyroid function should be carefully monitored in patients receiving amiodarone chronically, especially if they have goiter or Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Ig heavy chain variable region gene complex of lupus mice exhibits normal restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Authors: R Kofler, R M Perlmutter, D J Noonan, F J Dixon, A N Theofilopoulos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

B cell hyperactivity, hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoantibody expression, the hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus, might be associated with structural abnormalities within the Ig heavy chain variable region (Igh-V) gene complex. The Igh-V loci from several lupus-prone mouse strains, their ancestors, and other nonautoimmune mice were therefore analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms with DNA probes corresponding to seven VH gene families. These seven families comprise the majority of the known polymorphic murine VH gene repertoire, including some involved in autoantibody generation. Our study showed that the Igh-V loci from lupus and haplotype-matched nonlupus mice resulted in essentially identical restriction fragment patterns, a finding which suggests that the Igh-V gene complex does not carry a primary defect responsible for autoimmune disease.