tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BONE GROWTH AND THE SPINAL BONE TRANSPLANT
Authors: FRED H. ALBEE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The special object of the animal experimentation reported herein was to afford means for studying both macroscopically and microscopically a bone-graft when planted in a dog by precisely the same technic as that which I employ in the human subject for the treatment of Pott's disease of the spine.<sup>1</sup> I wish to express my thanks to the following for valuable aid rendered in this work: Dr. Ferguson for his interest in superintending the preparation of most of the microscopic sections, for his examination of these sections and for many valuable suggestions. Dr. Beebe for aid, suggestions and laboratory privileges. Drs. Soule and Keller for indispensable aid in the operating-room. <h3>REPORT OF EXPERIMENTS</h3><h3>Experiment 1</h3> —Dec. 10, 1911: Dog, mongrel, male, approximate weight 30 pounds. Ether anesthesia. Anesthetist, Mr. Cassellius. Fields of operation: dorsal region of back and left fore leg, prepared by shaving, and scrubbing with tincture of green
Improved Meal-Related β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity by the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor Vildagliptin in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Over 1Year
Authors: Bo Ahrén, Giovanni Pacini, James E. Foley, Anja Schweizer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To examine the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibition on meal-related β-cell function and insulin sensitivity over 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a 12-week core study, placebo (n = 51) or vildagliptin (n = 56; 50 mg OD) was added to metformin treatment (1.5–3.0 mg/day). A 40-week extension followed in 71 patients. Meal tests were performed at 0, 12, 24, and 52 weeks; glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were evaluated. RESULTS—In subjects completing 52 weeks with participation in all meal tests (n = 57), HbA1c (A1C) decreased in the vildagliptin/metformin group (VM group, n = 31) but increased in the placebo/metformin group (PM group, n = 26; between-group difference −1.0 ± 0.2%; P &amp;lt; 0.001; baseline of all subjects combined 7.7 ± 0.1%). Also, fasting glucose decreased in the VM group but increased in the PM group (difference −0.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l, P = 0.016; baseline 9.8 ± 0.3 mmol/l). Insulin secretion (postmeal suprabasal area under the 0- to 30-min C-peptide curve divided by the 30-min increase in glucose) was increased in the VM group but was reduced in the PM group (difference +0.011 ± 0.03 pmol/l 30 min/mmol/l, P = 0.018; baseline 0.036 ± 0.02). Insulin sensitivity during meal ingestion (oral glucose insulin sensitivity) increased in the VM group but was not altered in the PM group (difference +27 ± 4 ml · min−1 · m−2, P = 0.036; baseline 246 ± 6). Insulin secretion related to insulin sensitivity (adaptation index) increased in the VM group but decreased in the PM group (difference +3.2 ± 1.0, P = 0.040; baseline 9.1 ± 0.5). The change in adaptation index correlated to the change in A1C (r = −0.39, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS—This study presents evidence that DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin when added to metformin in type 2 diabetes over 52 weeks improves β-cell function along with improved postmeal insulin sensitivity.
Misperceptions exist about sleep attacks when driving
Authors: J. Horne
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Around half of all sleep related road crashes are caused by healthy adults aged under 301. We investigate many such crashes and find that most drivers deny having fallen asleep, and the evidence has to come from elsewhere. Other research shows that momentary sleep can go unnoticed.2 Moreover, these drivers usually deny knowledge of prior sleepiness, even those admitting to having fallen asleep. Ostensibly, it was an “unforewarned” sleep attack. Claims that drivers with Parkinson's disease are …
Recovery, Resterilization, and Donation of Unused Surgical Supplies
Authors: William H. Rosenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE CRITICAL shortages of medical supplies in many impoverished nations limit the provision of basic health care and may be as demoralizing to physicians and nurses as is their huge workload.<sup>1</sup>Arthur Hartman, former US ambassador to the Soviet Union, writes, "The new commonwealth can produce only 15 to 20 percent of the medical supplies it needs, and it does not have the hard currency to import them... medical workers are forced to reuse syringes and needles."<sup>2</sup>While it may be difficult to anticipate the usefulness of elaborate medical equipment in developing nations, it is clear that the people of such countries desperately need basic supplies. For editorial comment, see p 1462. Although poverty will affect health care in developing nations for decades to come, this does not preclude effective care of the sick and injured.<sup>3-5</sup>"Poverty in material resources is not matched by poverty of intellect
Current evidence does not support a role for vertebroplasty
Authors: Rachelle Buchbinder, Paul Glasziou
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Current evidence does not support a role for vertebroplasty in vertebral fracture.1 Combined data from the two most methodologically sound trials to date found that vertebroplasty conferred no benefit over a sham procedure; this result was consistent across subgroups, including people with symptoms for longer than six weeks.2 Most, if not all, published controlled trials of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral …
Lactase Deficiency in Patients with the Irritable-Colon Syndrome
Authors: Elliot Weser, Walter Rubin, Leonard Ross, Marvin H. Sleisenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

SEVERAL recent studies suggest that lactase deficiency is common in the adult. It may be present as an isolated enzyme defect1 2 3 4 5 or may accompany organic disease of the small bowel.6 7 8 The symptoms attributed to lactase deficiency —abdominal cramps, distention, flatulence and diarrhea — result from a failure to hydrolyze and absorb ingested lactose. Increased intestinal peristalsis, with passage of acid, watery stools, may be due both to an osmotic shift of fluid into the lumen and to the action of lactic and acetic acids resulting from bacterial fermentation of lactose.9 These symptoms disappear when lactose is eliminated from the diet. . . .
Leptin is key to peroxynitrite-mediated oxidative stress and Kupffer cell activation in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Saurabh Chatterjee, Douglas Ganini, Erik J. Tokar, Ashutosh Kumar, Suvarthi Das, Jean Corbett, Maria B. Kadiiska, Michael P. Waalkes, Anna Mae Diehl, Ronald P. Mason
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Clinical information on x-ray and pathologist requests
Authors: L J H Arthur
Journal: BMJ (1978)

associated-as is now becoming apparent.Indeed, the situation with regard to both B27 and B5 associations may vary in different parts of the world.In our patients with Behqet's triad, two out of four are B5 positive and one out of four is B27 positive.Of those with "definite" Behqet's disease (by the criteria of Mason and Barnes5), two out of 11 are B5 positive and only one out of 11 is B27 positive.The connection with the B5 antigen seems less strong than in Turkey but further work is necessary to clarify the position.The criteria of Mason and Barnes are valuable in indicating some measure of diagnostic certainty.Patients with the triad of symptoms undoubtedly have Behqet's syn- drome.But some patients satisfy their criteria at the "definite" level without the concurrence of mouth and genital ulceration which I would now regard as obligatory.Nor would I attach much importance to the presence or absence of a family history.Thus the stated prevalence rate of 0 064 per 10 000 can be only an estimate of the disorder's prevalence: it may be a slight overestimate.In any event it contrasts markedly with the Japanese finding of 1 in 10 000.
External Quality Assurance Schemes: The Impact of Participation in the UK Versus Rest of the World: 5 Year Data from the UK National External Quality Assurance Scheme.
Authors: J. Bartlett, M. Ibrahim, B. Jasani, J. Morgan, I. Ellis, E. Kay, Y. Connolly, F. Campbell, A. O'Grady, J. Starczynski, S. Di Palma, A. Hanby, K. Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines highlighted the critical importance of quality assurance in diagnostic testing for HER2.Unstained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma cell line sections were circulated to scheme participants on 15 occasions over 5 years. “Reference laboratories” reported results for the HER2/chromosome 17 ratio and HER2 copy number for 5 years for each cell line. Results from the 5th years participants (3 runs 13, 14, 15) were assessed for the pass rate in UK versus rest of the world (EU, US, Asia, etc). The number of participants was 76-78 laboratories/run (UK 30-35, ROW 43-46).Results: The percentage of laboratories achieving “appropriate” results ranged from 78-82% overall. Significantly higher performance was observed over 3 runs for UK laboratories (91-97%, “appropriate” results) versus ROW laboratories (67-74% “appropriate” results), p = 0.004. All methods used by scheme participants in UK Laboratories had excellent performance rates (Pathvysion, PharmDx, Ventana SISH/Inform, Kreatech Posieden). However in the ROW there was evidence of poor performance, which may be related to the assay format, although numbers of comparisons are relatively small.Participation in external quality assurance schemes is a valuable mechanism for evaluation and benchmarking of performance between laboratories. It also serves to improve consistency of HER2 testing by in situ hybridization. Using data from the UK NEQAS scheme we identified that laboratories whose performance is monitored and linked to an intergrated corrective action component(UK laboratories) perform consistently better than laboratories where performance data alone is provided (ROW). In the UK both participation and adequate performance in a national EQA scheme is required for laboratory accreditation. Whilst, in the context of robust EQA there is no evidence that different methods affect performance, in the ROW implementation of some assays appears sub-optimal. This poor performance does not, however, identify fundamental flaws with these methods, which are currently very well controlled amongst UK users but suggests greater attention to EQA results and change to improve laboratory performance is required in the rest of the world. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6010.
Women With Peripheral Arterial Disease Experience Faster Functional Decline Than Men With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Mary M. McDermott, Luigi Ferrucci, Kiang Liu, Jack M. Guralnik, Lu Tian, Melina Kibbe, Yihua Liao, Huimin Tao, Michael H. Criqui
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Professor Parratt comments
Authors: J R PARRATT, I PIACENTINI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Professor Parratt comments Get access J R PARRATT, J R PARRATT Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I PIACENTINI I PIACENTINI Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 1993, Pages 690–691, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.4.690 Published: 01 April 1993
Telomere shortening, clonal evolution and disease progression in myelodysplastic syndrome patients with 5q deletion treated with lenalidomide
Authors: G Göhring, K Lange, W Hofmann, K V Nielsen, E Hellström-Lindberg, L Roy, M Morgan, H Kreipe, G Büsche, A Giagounidis, B Schlegelberger
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
What next For Men?
Authors: P. Wolf-Light
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Trefor Lloyd, Tristan Wood Working With Men, £14.95, pp 275 ISBN 1 900 46800 X

Men are in trouble. Having lost the security of regular and full time employment and, with the increasing earning power of women, unable to maintain our special position at home as breadwinners, we no longer seem able to sustain our traditional roles at work and in the family. With girls now generally outperforming boys at school, the future does not look too good either. When these more recent trends are coupled with those of crime, which has long been a predominantly …
Inhibition of the activation of hageman factor (factor XII) by eosinophils and eosinophilic constituents
Authors: Oscar D. Ratnoff, Gerald J. Gleich, Susan B. Shurin, James Kazura, Barbara Everson, Paula Embury
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Several syndromes characterized by striking eosinophilia may be complicated by thrombosis. The experiments described indicate that, paradoxically, eosinophils and certain of their constituents inhibit the activation of Hageman factor (HF, factor XII). In earlier studies, suspensions of mixed types of granulocytes, other nucleated peripheral blood cells, and platelets inhibited activation of Hageman factor by ellagic acid, glass, and sulfatides. After these cells were sedimented by centrifugation, the supernatant fluids were also inhibitory. No attempt had been made earlier to distinguish among different granulocytic species. In the present study, suspensions of eosinophils and the supernatant fluid after eosinophils had been separated by centrifugation inhibited activation of Hageman factor by ellagic acid. The protein concentration of that amount of supernatant fluid that inhibited activation by about half was 16 micrograms/ml, approximately the same as had been described for suspensions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Activation of Hageman factor by ellagic acid was also inhibited by certain constituents of eosinophils, including eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil major basic protein and eosinophil cationic protein. Inhibition was not specific for ellagic acid-induced activation of Hageman factor, as inhibition was also observed with sulfatide-induced activation. Inhibition was presumably related to neutralization of the negative charge of activators of Hageman factor. Thus, bismuth subgallate, a particulate activator of Hageman factor, was no longer effective after it had been exposed to eosinophil cationic protein. The observations reported here raise the question of whether in vivo eosinophils modulate certain of the defense reactions ascribed to Hageman factor.
Zygomycetes Brain Abscesses in Narcotic Addicts With Serological Diagnosis
Authors: Phillip F. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Fatal brain abscesses caused by Zygomycetes occurred in two patients known to be parenteral drug abusers. An immunodiffusion test for detection of antibodies to Zygomycetes demonstrated a band of identity in the serum of both patients. Prompt brain biopsy and culture, along with serological testing, may lead to a more rapid diagnosis and treatment of this fungal infection. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2881-2882)
Prevention of Falls among the Elderly
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Mary E. Tinetti, Mark Speechley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

THE annual incidence of falls among elderly persons living in the community increases from 25 percent at 70 years of age to 35 percent after 75 years of age.1 Fifty percent of elderly persons who fall do so repeatedly. Falls are even more common in nursing homes, where the average annual incidence of reported falls is 1600 per 1000 patients.2 Women fall more often than men until the age of 75 years, after which the frequency is similar in both sexes.1 In the statistics reported here, and in the field of geriatrics generally, "falls" excludes those that result from major . . .
Inhibition of bipolar demand pacemaker by diaphragmatic myopotentials.
Authors: S S Barold, L S Ong, M D Falkoff, R A Heinle
Journal: Circulation (1977)

This report describes inhibition of a normally functioning bipolar demand pulse generator by diaphragmatic myopotentials. Transient pacemaker suppression occurred repeatedly with deep respiration, straining, the Valsalva maneuver, coughing, sneezing and laughing. When the magnet was applied, none of these maneuvers inhibited the pacemaker. Extensive investigations ruled out an intermittent electrode problem such as a wire fracture or insulation break. Sensing of diaphragmatic myopotentials should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained pacemaker pauses.
p38 MAP kinase regulates RANTES production byTNF‐α‐stimulated human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells
Authors: S. Hashimoto, Y. Gon, Y. Asai, Y. Asai, T. Machino, I. Jibiki, I. Takeshita, H. Anazawa, T. Horie
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background : RANTES plays an important role in the production of allergic inflammation of the airway through its chemotactic activity for eosinophils. However, the intracellular signal regulating RANTES expression in human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells has not been determined. In the present study, therefore, we examined the role of p38 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase in RANTES production by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐stimulated pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in order to clarify the signal transduction pathway regulating RANTES production by pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Methods : We examined p38 MAP kinase activation, and the effect of SB 203580, as the specific inhibitor for p38 MAP kinase, on p38 MAP kinase activity and RANTES production by TNF‐α‐stimulated human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Results : The results showed that TNF‐α induced RANTES production and p38 MAP kinase activity in human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Abrogation of p38 MAP kinase activity by SB 203580 repressed TNF‐α‐induced p38 MAP kinase activity and RANTES production. Conclusions : These results indicate that p38 MAP kinase plays an important role in the TNF‐α‐activated signaling pathway which regulates RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.
Breast Milk and the Risk of Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Sergio Stagno, David W. Reynolds, Robert F. Pass, Charles A. Alford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

DESPITE increasing interest, the modes of transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, particularly in the first year of life, remain ill-defined. During the first year the rate of acquisition of CMV infection throughout the world is variable but high, as summarized in Table 1.1-10 In populations of different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, from 8 to 60 per cent of infants begin shedding virus into the urine during the first year. Intrauterine transmission, although common (it accounts for 0.4 to 2.5 per cent of cases), cannot account for the high rates of perinatal involvement. The remarkable increase in CMV infection that occurs . . .
Investigation of basophil cell proteinase release in progressive systemic sclerosis
Authors: T. Seres, Z. Nagy, L. Czirják
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of basophil granulocytes in 37 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). The in vitro proteinase release test using Chromozyme TH as a chromogenic substrate was performed to measure the basophil cell releasability. Anti-IgE, calcium-ionophore (A 23187) and N-formyl-methyonil-leucyl-phenylalanine were used as activatory agents. Our results showed that the reactivity pattern to those agents did not differ in PSS compared to controls. Patients whose basophil cells release proteinases to all of the 3 activators tended to have more severe organ symptoms compared to the rest of the patients, while teleangiectasia was significantly less frequently (p < 0.02) found in cases with proteinase release. These findings suggest that there may be a certain relationship between basophil function and severity of the PSS.
Nutritional assessment and hepatic fatty acid composition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A cross-sectional study
Authors: Johane P. Allard, Elaheh Aghdassi, Saira Mohammed, Maitreyi Raman, Ghazal Avand, Bianca M. Arendt, Pegah Jalali, Thileep Kandasamy, Nita Prayitno, Morris Sherman, Maha Guindi, David W.L. Ma, Jenny E. Heathcote
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Leptin replacement therapy does not improve the abnormal lipid kinetics of hypoleptinemic patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome
Authors: Rajagopal V. Sekhar, Farook Jahoor, Dinakar Iyer, Anuradha Guthikonda, Jaya Paranilam, Fareed Elhaj, Ivonne Coraza, Ashok Balasubramanyam
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
LEAD POISONING, FROM DRINKING "MOONSHINE" WHISKY
Authors: Warren T. Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —J. B. M., a man, aged 37, was admitted to St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Nov. 8, 1920, complaining of pain in the upper portion of the abdomen, with nausea and vomiting. The illness had begun about October 1, with severe epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, which were relieved only by the administration of morphin. After the third day the symptoms had been partially relieved, and during the three weeks following, the patient had remained very nearly symptom-free. October 30, however, following two or three days of severe constipation, the abdominal symptoms had returned. Once again they were partially controlled by morphin, but six days later the condition had apparently become critical. The bowels did not move in spite of brisk catharsis. The patient had vomited no blood, nor had he noticed any in the stools. Pain was localized just above the umbilicus, and did not spread to the back,
Abstract 3729: Prognostication using Hif-1 alpha may require simultaneous nicotine assessment
Authors: Graham W. Warren, Anurag Singh, Marcus Randall, Ronald McGarry, Mahesh Kudrimoti, Vivek Rangnekar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Current cancer diagnosis and treatment increasingly incorporates biomarker expression in the prognostication and therapeutic stratification of cancer patients; however, there is no accurate assessment of exposure to environmental agents such as nicotine that may significantly impact biomarker expression patterns. Methods: Athymic nude mice with human H460 lung cancer cell xenografts were stratified into three treatment groups (n=5 per group) beginning when tumors reached 5 mm in maximal dimension: control (CON), short term nicotine (STN, 60 ug subcutaneously every other day x 6 days), or long term nicotine (LTN, 60 ug SC every other day until tumor explant). All tumors were explanted at endpoint defined when tumors reached 15 mm in maximal dimension. Tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically for hypoxia (using CA-IX expression) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif-1) expression. This protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Kentucky. Results: Nicotine administration had no effect on tumor growth rate and all tumors reached endpoint within a median of 9 days following treatment initiation (range 8-11 days). Areas of hypoxia were defined using CA-IX expression. Tumor hypoxia was not significantly affected by nicotine administration. Moreover, Hif-1 expression was only minimally increased in areas of hypoxia in CON animals. In STN animals, Hif-1 expression was very similar to CON animals. In contrast, LTN animals demonstrated widespread marked increases in Hif-1 expression at the viable: necrotic tumor interface. Separately, xenografts removed at day 6 demonstrated similar widespread Hif-1 expression confirming that Hif-1 expression is significantly increased after 6 days of nicotine administration. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that widespread Hif-1 expression may be dominated by the presence of nicotine rather than hypoxia. Furthermore, acute removal of nicotine results in the restoration of basal low-level Hif-1 expression within 3 days of nicotine removal. This data may significantly limit the prognostic utility of clinical Hif-1 expression in the absence of simultaneous nicotine assessment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3729.