tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRAGILITY AND DEFICIENT HEALING OF BONE IN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: I. HARRISON TUMPEER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Antedating roentgen-ray assistance, Achard and Joffroy<sup>1</sup>described the bone changes in an extremity paralyzed by poliomyelitis. In normal tissue they noted the projections of bone where the skeleton becomes continuous with the fibrous structures and deduced from this finding that the action of the muscles and the gliding of the tendons produce impressions and irregularities. Therefore, they formulated the belief that the shape and structure of bone depends on its muscular connections. In a paralyzed member, bone atrophy runs parallel with the muscle wasting and proceeds with modification in the size of the vessels of the region and the structure of the subcutaneous tissues. In conditions of complete atrophy of muscle, it is easy to understand that the bone left in an inert mass of soft tissue is no longer subject to stresses and strains. Consequently, it develops equally everywhere and takes an indifferent form. The result is a
TVT-O for the Treatment of Pure Urodynamic Stress Incontinence: Efficacy, Adverse Effects, and Prognostic Factors at 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Maurizio Serati, Ricarda Bauer, Jean Nicolas Cornu, Elena Cattoni, Andrea Braga, Gabriele Siesto, Daphné Lizée, François Haab, Marco Torella, Stefano Salvatore
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Abstract 4234: The use of a synthetic peptide-DNA complex as an internal reference for chromatin immunoprecipitation.
Authors: Zirong Li, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, John Rosenfeld, Alejandra Solache, Michael Sturges
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an analytical method used to investigate interaction of proteins with specific genomic DNA regions in vivo to provide a better understanding of mechanisms of gene regulation, DNA replication and DNA repair. However, variations in the efficiency of immunoprecipitation, background signals from carryover in immunoprecipitation, and loss of material during immunoprecipitation and purification of the ChIP DNA are sources of variability that restrict the use of ChIP as a quantitative tool. To address these limitations, we have developed a simple spike-in control that enables labs to generate results that are more consistent and more quantitative. The approach we have developed uses a synthetic peptide-DNA reagent that is spiked into chromatin immunoprecipitation reactions. Because this reagent mimics the behavior of cross-linked chromatin and can be quantitatively recovered by immunoprecipitation, it can be readily incorporated in to virtually any ChIP protocol. To utilize this internal control, a fixed amount of the synthetic peptide-DNA complex is spiked into the chromatin and co-ChIPed simultaneously with the antibody of interest. The recovered synthetic DNA is then used to normalize the results obtained with the antibody of interest. This spike-in control can be designed using a peptide specific to the ChIP antibody of interest and recovered using a single antibody. Alternatively, a universal spike-in control can be designed using a peptide that is recognized by an epitope tag antibody. This universal spike-in control and epitope tagged antibody are used along with the antibody of interest in a standard ChIP reaction. Our data show that the inclusion of our internal control significantly reduces variability between ChIP assays, thus increasing the accuracy of the ChIP data. Because of the universal feature, this method can also be used to compare ChIP data between different antibodies or to normalize data variations that often result between users and multiple experiments. Citation Format: Zirong Li, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, John Rosenfeld, Alejandra Solache, Michael Sturges. The use of a synthetic peptide-DNA complex as an internal reference for chromatin immunoprecipitation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4234. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4234
Research Policy: International comparisons of funding and output of research: bye bye Britain
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

One thing that particularly distresses British scientific researchers is that just when the British government is cutting back on its expenditure on research other countries are rapidly increasing their investment.This is occurring at a time of tremendous scientific opportunity, and the scientists believe that Britain will ultimately pay a terrible price for its government being so shortsighted.Britain has lost its geographical empire, and now it may lose its empire of scientific knowledge and skills.Kondratiev, a Russian economist eliminated by Stalin, identified long waves of economic ascent and decline based on important discoveries and innovations.'The years 1970-95 are years ofdecline, but then, he predicted, will begin a new upswing.If Kondratiev was right and if more money is not spent on research in Britain the next century may see the British becoming as marginal as the Mayans. Comparing expenditureThe large amount Britain spends on defence research compared with most other countries distorts international comparisons.Britain does not do too badly until defence expenditure is excluded- then, as fig 1 shows, Britain does poorly.As a percentage of gross domestic product it already spends less on civil research than all the other countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)-and is spending less as the other countries spend more.Fig 2 shows changes in gross domestic expenditure on research for 16 countries since 1978: Britain lies 12th, and its increase is only half of that of France and one quarter that of Japan.These international comparisons are, unsurprisingly, fraught
Molecular heterogeneity of a lymphocyte glycoprotein in immunodeficient patients.
Authors: D Reisinger, R Parkman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Previous evaluation of lymphocytes taken from patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and other X-linked immunodeficiencies has revealed deficiencies of a lymphocyte sialoglycoprotein with a relative molecular mass of 115 kD (designated gpL-115) found in normal lymphocytes. The development of monoclonal antibodies to gpL-115 has permitted the detection of molecular heterogeneity in gpL-115 from the lymphocytes of immunodeficient patients. When lymphocytes from normal individuals were analyzed by immunoblotting, gpL-115 with only a single molecular species (115 kD) was detected. Lymphocytes from 17 immunodeficient patients were analyzed after overnight incubation. Two patients had no gpL-115 with an Mr of 115 kD, but gpL-115 with an Mr of either 95 or 135 kD was detected. Nine patients had gpL-115 with Mr equally of 95 and 115 Kd. Other patients exhibited gpL-115 with combinations of 95, 115, and 135 kD. The heterogeneity of the degraded gpL-115 suggests that WAS and other X-linked immunodeficiencies are due to a series of abnormalities, all of which involve gpL-115, and may explain the clinical heterogeneity of the diseases.
Current place of coronary angioplasty.
Authors: N P Silverton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

accountability. The wish to see a stronger local consumer voice in defining the aims and policies of family practitioner services accords with this government's declared commit? ment to consumerism. Has family practitioner committee independence merely set a stage for introducing other more radical changes in general practice? Speculation is rife about the promised Green Paper on general practice, with rumours that at least three different versions are circulating around Whitehall? one of which may have been influenced by the Prime Minister herself. Press reports have suggested that ministers are favourably disposed towards the experimental scheme for
A Prospective Controlled Trial of an Ultrathin Versus a Conventional Endoscope in Unsedated Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: H. Mulcahy, A. Riches, M. Kiely, M. Farthing, P. Fairclough
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is performed without sedation in many countries. Unsedated patients experience more discomfort during endoscopy than sedated patients, but few studies have examined factors which could be modified to minimize discomfort during the procedure. We assessed the effect of endoscope diameter on patient discomfort during unsedated transoral gastroscopy.
Violence Decreases With Gang Truce
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THREE-YEAR-OLD Quiona Simmons gets to play in the front yard of her South Central Los Angeles home now. A virtual end to what were almost daily shootings is an unexpected benefit in the aftermath of the unrest here in what was the epicenter of the worst riots in this country this century (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:3001-3002). Before, says Quiona's mother, Kecia Simmons, "it was like being in a military zone," where the all-too-common sound of gunshots sent her scrambling to make sure her children were in the house or enclosed backyard. "Now it's quiet, peaceful. I don't mind them playing outside now. You can take a walk, water your grass. You don't have to worry about anything." A truce between the area's two main gangs, the Crips and the Bloods, is apparently responsible for the night-and-day difference. In some neighborhoods, walls that were mosaics of graffiti have been freshly painted by gang
DISSOCIATION OF HEMAGGLUTINATING AND ANTIBODY-MEASURING CAPACITIES OF INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: Thomas Francis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Preparations of Type B influenza virus, propagated in the embryonated egg and obtained in the form of allantoic fluid, were found after heating at 56°C. for 30 minutes to retain the capacity to agglutinate erythrocytes but no longer measured specific antibody when used as antigen in titrations of serum antibody. The dissociation of the two activities suggests the presence in such virus preparations of a complex virus antigen comprising, (1) a heat-stable component which agglutinates erythrocytes and reacts primarily with specific antibody; (2) a heat-labile component reacting with a factor of normal serum which ordinarily tends to inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of influenza virus. The relation of the reagents to other known serological activities of influenza virus is being studied.
Cubital tunnel external compression syndrome.
Authors: W H Jopling
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Laboratories, Dr. Brian Scales), the usual therapeutic level being about 1.5 ug/ml.lTo our knowledge these are the highest values reported in man so far.Possibly any beta-blocker may cause heart failure in a patient whose myocardial per- formance depends critically on sympathetic drive.However, practolol seems to be less dangerous than others in this respect, and in normal therapeutic doses causes only modest reduction of cardiac output.2Practolol has been shown to possess some sympathomimetic activity.Its positive chronotropic activity may explain why the pulse rate fell relatively little and definite bradycardia did not occur in the case presented here.This may explain, partly at least, why the patient's heart condition did not deteriorate.Another possible explanation could be the less pro- nounced effect of practolol on myocardial contractility.This case illustrates the low toxicity of practolol and its modest cardiodepressive effect which has proved valuable in the treat- ment of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias and rapid ventricular rates after myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery.-We are, etc.,
THE ADVANTAGES OF A PERMANENT ABDOMINAL ANUS AND OF TOTAL CLOSURE OF THE SACRAL END OF THE RECTUM, IN OPERATIONS FOR CANCER OF THE RECTUM.
Authors: W. W. KEEN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In the<i>Therapeutic Gazette</i>for May, 1897, I published fifteen cases of amputation of the rectum by Kraske's method, to which I have since added two more, making seventeen in all. Three of the patients died, giving a mortality of 17.07 per cent. Of the fourteen cases that have recovered, six have now passed beyond the three-year limit and may be considered reasonably safe from recurrence. Two of the men, in spite of the loss of the coccyx and part of the sacrum, ride bicycles with ease. Besides these the paper included a number of other cases of cancer of the rectum, operated on by other methods. As a result of my experience in these cases, I have reached a definite conclusion as to what is the best course to pursue. Evidently after the operation the bowel must continue to be emptied of its contents.
Abnormalities in lymphocyte profile and specificity repertoire of patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Linda M. Pilarski, E. Joy Andrews, Horacio M. Serra, Jeffrey A. Ledbetter, Bernard A. Ruether, Michael J, Mant
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract The characteristics of T and B lymphocyte profile and B lymphocyte specificity repertoire were compared in patients with Waidenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM MGUS), multiple myeloma (MM), and age‐matched normal subjects. Patients with MM had both significantly reduced frequency and number of sIg + (surface Ig) B cells, whereas patients with WM and IgM MGUS had a reduced frequency but normal numbers of sIg + B cells in circulation as detected in a capping assay. WM was distinguished by the large numbers of cells in the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) pool that expressed CDS (BA‐2) and CD24 (BA‐1) and were monoclonal, based on light chain analysis using flow cytometry. The profile of T lineage cells showed that the ratio of CD4:CD8 was significantly reduced in both MM and WM due to a reduction in the CD4 set. The CD4 + cells were qualitatively abnormal as well, with an enriched proportion of the 4B44 (CDw29) subset and decreased proportion of the Lp220 + (CD45R) subset. This appeared to be an effect of the disease process on the relatively immature Lp220 + set. From clonal analysis, those patients with WM or IgM MGUS (unlike MM patients) did not exhibit enhanced reactivity with auto‐lg determinants, and most WM patients (7/8) and half of the IgM MGUS patients (3/6) did not have enriched proportions of B cells reactive to tetanus toxoid (TT). The TT‐specific B cells in both WM and IgM MGUS, in contrast to MM, appeared fulfy functional in secretion of anti‐TT IgM in vivo. We speculate that the more severe immunodeficiency in MM may be controlled or exacerbated by the presence of an anti‐Ig network. The absence of this network in WM allows a relatively more effective immune response, but the immunodeficency that is observed in these patients involves some abnormality in normal lymphocyte differentiation (is also present in MM).
Abstract 4474: Suppression of gefitinib-resistant human lung cancer cells by indolizino[6,7-b]indole derivatives.
Authors: Chi-Wei Chen, Satishkumar Tala, Tsann-Long Su, Te-Chang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract According to the most prevalent, poor prognosis, and lowest 5 year survival rate, patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are one of the most common issues in global health problem. Although tyrosine receptor inhibitors (TKI), cetuximab, erlotinib, and gefitinib, which target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are only effective in certain subpopulations, TKI resistance is developed after a median of 10 to 14 months via acquisition of second mutation as well as several other mechanisms. Developing therapeutic agent against TKI resistance is of critical and essential. In this study, we demonstrated that the derivatives of 1,2-bis-hydroxy- indolizino[6,7-b]indiole diols, a novel class of DNA crosslinking agent, effectively kill NSCLC cell lines including PC9 (exon 19 deletion), PC9/gefb4 (exon 19 deletion and resistant to gefitinib), CL100 (exon 19 deletion), and CL97 (exon 19 deletion and T790M). Our results also showed that BO-1922, one of derivatives, was almost equally effective in suppression the growth of various H1299 cell lines which ectopically expressed wild type or a variety of mutant EGFR (such as including L858R, exon 19 deletion, L858R/T790M, and exon 19 deletion/T790M, respectively). The selected derivatives, BO-1922 and BO-1978, were shown to induce DNA double-strand crosslink by modified comet assay and modulate the expression of DNA repair proteins. By aid of flow cytometric assay, we found that exposure of PC9 and PC9/gefb4 cells to BO-1922 resulted in accumulation of cells at the G2/M phase, while BO-1978 causes cell cycle delay at the G1 and S phase. Furthermore, BO-1922 and BO-1978 given at 25 mg/kg significantly suppressed the growth of PC9/gefb4 xenograft tumors. Our present results revealed that BO-1922 and BO-1978 may have potential against NSCLC with EGFR mutations and gefitinib resistance. Citation Format: Chi-Wei Chen, Satishkumar Tala, Tsann-Long Su, Te-Chang Lee. Suppression of gefitinib-resistant human lung cancer cells by indolizino[6,7-b]indole derivatives. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4474. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4474
HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TYPHOID, DYSENTERY, FOOD POISONING AND DIARRHEA
Authors: LLOYD ARNOLD
Journal: JAMA (1927)

One of the notable achievements in preventive medicine has been the control of the communicable diseases spread largely through alvine discharges. This has been accomplished by limiting the distribution of the typhoid bacillus by sanitary measures and, to a lesser extent in the civilian population, by specific prophylactic immunization. My purpose in this communication is to call attention to certain new factors that influence the distribution of bacteria in alvine discharges, and, what is even of greater importance, changes in the susceptibility of the host due to disturbances of the normal gastro-intestinal functional activities. The acidity of the gastric contents acts as a barrier to the passage of viable bacteria into the small intestine. Recent workers have shown that this is not a trustworthy germicidal agent under ordinary circumstances.<sup>1</sup>Bacteria introduced directly into the duodenum are usually killed before reaching the large intestine. Arnold and Brody<sup>2</sup>have recently
Quadriceps assessment in professional soccer players
Authors: S J Bennet, P B O’Donohoe, D Young, G C Bennet
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Clinical examination of the knee involves eliciting certain signs that may indicate the presence of knee pathology. One such is quadriceps wasting. This occurs most commonly as the result of disuse or from a painful or unstable lesion of the knee.

Comparing the circumference of the thighs at a set level above the patella is the standard method of testing for atrophy.1,2 This, however, assumes that the thighs are normally of equal circumference.3

It has been noted by the senior author (GCB) that, in children, the …
LAPARO-HYSTERORRHAPHY—AS A MEANS OF CURE OF CASES OF EXTREME PROLAPSE, OR RETRO DISPLACEMENT OF THE UTERUS.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: W. J. ASDALE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

reached, then fell to normal, and remained so during the whole recovery.She was catheterized twice daily for two days, after which voided her urine as usual.The vestibule was well washed with boracic acid solution after each urination.Bowels were moved on the fifth day.The parts were handled as little as could be, and patient kept absolutely quiet.The sutures in perineum were removed the seventh day, and union was perfect.On the 27th day the sutures from the cervix were removed and union everywhere found perfect.No vomiting occurred.This I regard as a severe test for cocaine, and will, I feel, re¬ sult in removing the great fear arising from the necessity for taking ether or chloroform in order to have these operations performed.Strict asepsis must be attained in order to have these operations unite and heal readily without inflammation.
β-Blockade with propranolol and hepatic artery blood flow in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Ricardo Mastai, Jaime Bosch, Jordi Bruix, Miguel Navasa, David Kravetz, Juan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

In patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, propranolol administration reduces heart rate and cardiac output and diminishes portal pressure and collateral blood flow. However, there is little information on the possible effects of propranolol on hepatic artery blood flow. The present study addressed this question in 12 cirrhotic patients with end-to-side portacaval shunt, in whom all of the liver blood flow represents the hepatic artery blood flow. Hepatic artery blood flow (continuous infusion of indocyanine green), cardiac output (thermal dilution), heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured before and 20 min after the intravenous infusion of 10 to 15 mg of propranolol. beta-Adrenergic blockade caused a significant reduction of cardiac output (from 9.1 +/- 2.1 to 7.1 +/- 1.4 liters per min, p less than 0.001) (mean +/- S.D.) and heart rate (from 85 +/- 10 to 71 +/- 7 beats per min, p less than 0.001), and a significant increase of systemic vascular resistance (from 9.0 +/- 2.1 to 11.7 +/- 2.7 mmHg per liter per min, p less than 0.001), whereas mean arterial pressure did not change (77 vs. 78 mmHg). Propranolol significantly reduced hepatic artery blood flow (from 0.65 +/- 0.20 to 0.55 +/- 0.14 liters per min, p less than 0.01). However, reduction of hepatic artery blood flow (-12.9 +/- 7.3%) was significantly less than reduction of cardiac output (-21.1 +/- 5.2%, p less than 0.01). As a result, the fraction of the cardiac output delivered to the liver was significantly greater after propranolol (8.0 +/- 1.7%) than before (7.3 +/- 1.7%, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Whistleblowing helpline takes more than 350 calls in first four months
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK General Medical Council’s confidential whistleblowing helpline for doctors has received over 350 calls since it launched last December, equivalent to more than three calls a day.

Of the 358 calls received in the first 15 weeks of the helpline’s operation, one in eight (12.3%) detailed concerns that were serious enough to be referred to …