tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of hepatic triglyceride lipase in the metabolism of intermediate-density lipoprotein—Postheparin lipolytic activities determined by a sensitive, nonradioisotopic method in hyperlipidemic patients and normals
Authors: Shuichi Nozaki, Masaharu Kubo, Hiroshi Sudo, Yuji Matsuzawa, Seiichiro Tarui
Journal: Metabolism (1986)
Fish hypersensitivity. II: Clinical relevance of altered fish allergenicity caused by various preparation methods
Authors: Jan Bernhisel-Broadbent, David Strause, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1992)

In double-blind, placebo-controlled, oral food challenges with fish, a 12-fold higher false-negative rate was found compared with other food antigens. In an effort to elucidate this discrepancy, cooked lyophilized fish extracts (used in double-blind, placebo-controlled, oral food challenges) were compared with cooked, nonlyophilized fish extracts (used in open challenges) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblot, and ELISA-inhibition assays. Altered fish allergenicity as a result of food processing was examined with canned tuna and salmon. Forty-five children and young adults with food allergies, including 18 patients with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to fish, were challenged with canned tuna. All 45 challenges with canned tuna were negative. Two of these patients are allergic to salmon and also have negative reactions to challenges with canned salmon. In vitro investigation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of tuna and salmon extracts revealed a striking loss of definable protein fractions in the canned fish extract when compared with raw and cooked fish extracts, and immunoblot analyses demonstrated minimal IgE-specific binding to the canned fish extracts. In addition, decreased allergenicity of the canned tuna and salmon was demonstrated by ELISA-inhibition assay and by negative oral challenges with canned salmon in two patients allergic to salmon. Collectively, these findings suggest that some of the major allergens responsible for IgE-mediated food allergy to fish are more labile than previously recognized.
CHANCRE OF LIP IN A CHILD SEVEN MONTHS OLD, PROBABLY ACQUIRED THROUGH A FEEDING-BOTTLE.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

While extragenital chancres innocently acquired are not so very rare, instances of their recurrence at the early age of 7 months are seldom seen, and this is the youngest subject in whom I have seen it, among nearly two hundred cases of extragenital chancre which have come under my observation. In earlier times, before the danger of infection was so well-recognized, instances of the innocent infection of children were very common, and literature is full of those<sup>1</sup>where children of all ages have been infected in the greatest variety of ways, indeed, where veritable epidemics of syphilis have arisen, having their origin in a child infected by nursing or otherwise. All are familiar with the various methods by which this has taken place: vaccination, circumcision, nursing, feeding in various ways, as well as by kissing and fondling, and also through various mediate objects. Among these feeding-bottles have occupied a
Variation of serum IgG subclass concentrations with disease activity in juvenile chronic arthritis.
Authors: A Martini, M A Avanzini, A Ravelli, L Zonta, A Plebani, F de Benedetti, R G Burgio
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Nineteen patients with juvenile chronic arthritis were followed up and serum IgG subclass concentrations measured at different stages of disease activity. Patients were divided into three groups according to clinical activity of the disease: active disease, partial remission, and remission. The results were compared with normal values obtained in 448 healthy children aged 6 months to 18 years with a homogeneous distribution for each year of age. Serum IgG subclass concentrations of each child were first log transformed and then age corrected, taking the deviation of the log transformed value from that expected for a child of the same age. It was found that patients with partial remission had increased concentrations of IgG2 and decreased concentrations of IgG1 compared with patients with active disease. This suggests that the remission inducing process, at least in juvenile chronic arthritis, is accompanied by a switch of IgG subclass production.
Infiltrating monocytes versus resident kupffer cells: Do alternatively activated macrophages need to be targeted alternatively?
Authors: Frank Tacke, Christian Kurts, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract A defining feature of inflammation is the accumulation of innate immune cells in the tissue that are thought to be recruited from the blood. We reveal that a distinct process exists in which tissue macrophages undergo rapid in situ proliferation in order to increase population density. This inflammatory mechanism occurred during T helper 2 (TH2)-related pathologies under the control of the archetypal TH2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and was a fundamental component of TH2 inflammation because exogenous IL-4 was sufficient to drive accumulation of tissue macrophages through self-renewal. Thus, expansion of innate cells necessary for pathogen control or wound repair can occur without recruitment of potentially tissue-destructive inflammatory cells. (Hepatology 2011)
Selective decontamination of the gut.
Authors: P McClelland, R G Wilkes, S M Mostafa
Journal: BMJ (1993)

tuberculosis in health care workers in central France.I studied cases of tuberculosis in hospital em- ployees between 1984 and 1992.Sixty two cases of occupationally acquired tuberculosis occurred during this period.In all cases the employees had had BCG vaccination, but in 41 cases the tuberculosis occurred more than 15 years after the vaccination.The World Health Organisation and many authors consider that BCG vaccination gives about 80% protection, but only for 15 years.2Thus in these 41 cases the protection offered by BCG vaccination may have disappeared.Health care workers should have a tuberculin skin test at least every two years.A further BCG injection should be given if the result of the test is negative.In 44 cases in this study tuberculosis was detected by a routine chest x ray examination.Chest x ray screening, though more costly, is more effective than skin testing.As the number of patients admitted to hospital with HIV infection and tuberculosis increases, the risk of nosocomial transmission to staff may rise, and new thought must be given to prevention.
Recent application of quantification II in Japanese medical research.
Authors: T Suzuki, A Kudo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Hayashi's Quantification II is a method of multivariate discrimination analysis to manipulate attribute data as predictor variables. It is very useful in the medical research field for estimation, diagnosis, prognosis, evaluation of epidemiological factors, and other problems based on multiplicity of attribute data. In Japan, this method is so well known that most of the computer program packages include the Hayashi Quantification, but it seems to be yet unfamiliar with the method for researchers outside Japan. In view of this situation, we introduced 19 selected articles of recent applications of the Quantification II in Japanese medical research. In reviewing these papers, special mention is made to clarify how the researchers were satisfied with findings provided by the method. At the same time, some recommendations are made about terminology and program packages. Also a brief discussion of the background of the quantification methods is given with special reference to the Behaviormetric Society of Japan.
RNAi-mediated gene knockdown and anti-angiogenic therapy of RCCs using a cyclic RGD-modified liposomal-siRNA system
Authors: Yu Sakurai, Hiroto Hatakeyama, Yusuke Sato, Mamoru Hyodo, Hidetaka Akita, Noritaka Ohga, Kyoko Hida, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Energy Expenditure and Intake in Infants Born to Lean and Overweight Mothers
Authors: S B Roberts, J Savage, W A Coward, B Chew, A Lucas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

We investigated the contributions of low energy expenditure and high energy intake to excessive weight gain in infants born to overweight mothers. The subjects were infants of 6 lean and 12 overweight mothers, recruited soon after birth. Total energy expenditure and metabolizable energy intake were measured with a new doubly labeled water method over a period of seven days when the infants were 3 months of age, and the postprandial metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry when the infants were 0.1 and 3 months of age. The results were related to weight gain in the first year of life. No significant difference was observed between infants who became overweight by the age of one year (50 percent of infants born to overweight mothers) and those who did not, with respect to weight, length, skinfold thicknesses, metabolic rate at 0.1 and 3 months of age, and metabolizable energy intake at 3 months. However, total energy expenditure at three months of age was 20.7 percent lower in the infants who became overweight than in the other infants (means +/- SE, 256 +/- 27 and 323 +/- 12 kJ per kilogram of body weight per day; P less than 0.05). This difference could account for the mean difference in weight gain. These data suggest that reduced energy expenditure, particularly on physical activity, was an important factor in the rapid weight gain during the first year of life in infants born to overweight mothers.
Tick-borne typhus in England.
Authors: J G Bissenden
Journal: BMJ (1971)

uncomplicated viral hepatitis patients with a high E.S.R. are likely to be of the short incubation period type.Giles and her colleagues6 found that in about one-third of their patients the anti- gen could only be demonstrated during the incubation period, so that it is possible that patients with a low E.S.R. who are antigennegative by the double-diffusion test may be of the long incubation period type.Further investigation is necessary, using more sen- sitive tests, to show whether this is so.Krugman et al. found that the thymol tur- bidity test was usually normal in the long incubation period type and high in the short incubation period type.'These findings, and those of the E.S.R., could be explained by changes in the serum proteins.Most laboratories are unable to do the simple double-diffusion test because of the scarcity of the specific antibody.The E.S.R. can be done in all types of hospital and it is hoped that may prove an additional help in the differentiation of the two types of viral hepatitis.-Iam, etc.,
Community-based HIV counselling and testing as a means of improving HIV programme performance
Authors: Olusesan Ayodeji Makinde
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Findings from the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Project Accept (May issue)1Coates TJ Kulich M Celentano DD et al.Effect of community-based voluntary counselling and testing on HIV incidence and social and behavioural outcomes (NIMH Project Accept; HPTN 043): a cluster-randomised trial.Lancet Glob Health. 2014; 2: e267-e277Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (117) Google Scholar further show the importance of the incorporation of routine HIV counselling and testing data to monitor prevalence and investigate epidemic drivers in a community. The reduction in the incidence of HIV in the intervention group was attributed to the behavioural and lifestyle modification of people who were HIV positive in the communities. However, the highest change would have been expected in the group with the highest prevalence (KwaZulu-Natal). Community-based HIV counselling and testing can improve testing rates and help to increase knowledge about community drivers that can vary within a few miles.2Makinde O, Oyediran K. Rethinking HIV prevalence determination in developing countries. AIDS Care (in press).Google Scholar Use of knowledge about the epidemic from behavioural data obtained during community-based HIV counselling and testing can be important to design interventions that will have a large effect on the community. Several countries, such as Nigeria, have in place patient intake forms for collection of behavioural data during HIV counselling and testing, but these data are hardly used to understand the epidemic drivers in the community.3Makinde OA Ezomike CF Lehmann HP Ibanga IJ Lessons learned in the deployment of a HIV counseling and testing management information system on a new project.AIDS. 2011; 25: 2289-2293Crossref PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar Not too long ago, UNAIDS revised downwards the number of people stated to be living with HIV in the world.4UNAIDSAIDS epidemic update. UNAIDS, Geneva2007Google Scholar One of the main reasons for the new estimate was better data available for projections. Routine HIV counselling and testing data could substantially improve the quality of estimates. The most popular method used to identify epidemic drivers—ie, intermittent population-based surveys—might be inadequate because these factors can vary diversely within geographic areas. Routine HIV counselling and testing data might have the answer. I declare no competing interests.
NICE says anti-dementia drugs should be used only for moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) confirmed its decision this week to recommend the use of cholinesterase inhibitors only for moderate Alzheimer's disease and not for mild disease.

Andrew Dillon, chief executive of the body, which advises on the use of drugs in the NHS, said, “Alzheimer's is a cruel and devastating illness, and we realise that today's announcement will be disappointing to people with Alzheimer's and those who treat and care for them.

“But we have to be honest and say that based on all …
Calmodulin-dependent kinase IV links Toll-like receptor 4 signaling with survival pathway of activated dendritic cells
Authors: Maddalena Illario, Maria L. Giardino-Torchia, Uma Sankar, Thomas J. Ribar, Mario Galgani, Laura Vitiello, Anna Maria Masci, Francesca R. Bertani, Elena Ciaglia, Dalila Astone, Giuseppe Maulucci, Anna Cavallo, Mario Vitale, Vincenzo Cimini, Lucio Pastore, Anthony R. Means, Guido Rossi, Luigi Racioppi
Journal: Blood (2007)
HTLV-1-encoded p30II is a post-transcriptional negative regulator of viral replication
Authors: Christophe Nicot, Miroslav Dundr, Julie M Johnson, Jake R Fullen, Norma Alonzo, Risaku Fukumoto, Gerald L Princler, David Derse, Tom Misteli, Genoveffa Franchini
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
Abstract 4598: Allelic loss of NDST4, a putative tumor suppressor gene, is associated with tumor progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Sheng-Tai Tzeng, Ming-Hong Tsai, Jing-Xing Lee, Ya-Chien Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Many molecular abnormalities have been reported in CRC, of which accumulated alterations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and proto-oncogenes are required for the disease development. Genomic deletion is reflected in a genetic mechanism called loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Allelic deletion at tumor suppressor loci is common in all human cancers, and contributes to TSG silencing. By allelotyping with 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning from chromosome 4pter to 4qter, we first defined the most frequent LOH region at 4q27, which occurred allelic imbalance in 32.1% (34/106) of colorectal carcinomas. After fine deletion mapping in these carcinomas, we further identified a minimal region harboring one gene with known functions, named NDST4. By quantitative RT-PCR, NDST4 expression could hardly be detected in 10 of 11 CRC cell lines, and was downregulated in 57.7% (30/52) of CRC tumors. Importantly, NDST4 expression was significantly decreased in tumors compared with matched normal mucosa or adenomas (P&amp;lt;0.01). In addition, immunohistochemistry staining of CRC tissue array also demonstrated decreased protein levels in Dukes’ stages C and D tumors. We further directly determined the genetic loss of NDST4 in colorectal tumors by use of 3 microsatellite markers located upstream of and inside NDST4 gene. Sixty (29.9%) of 201 carcinomas exhibited LOH at one or more microsatellite loci. Allelic loss of NDST4 was increased in patients with late stage of tumor extension (T3 and T4), lymph node involvement and distant metastasis (P=0.011, 0.053 and 0.058, respectively). Notably, LOH at MS5979 locus, a newly identified microsatellite marker within NDST4 gene, was significantly associated with disease progression of Dukes’ stages (P&amp;lt;0.01). Taken together, NDST4 could be a CRC-associated TSG and its genetic loss might be involved in tumor progression. In addition, the LOH assay established in the study could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic test in CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4598. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4598
Macrophage subpopulations in pouchitis.
Authors: P Gionchetti, M Campieri, A Belluzzi, G M Paganelli, M Tampieri, E Bertinelli, C Brignola, G Poggioli, M Miglioli, G Gozzetti
Journal: Gut (1992)

Evidence against an autoimmune aetiology for inflammatory bowel diseases SIR,-The leading article that appeared in Gut' raised the question of whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are autoimmune disor- ders.Since IBD do not fulfil all criteria for classification as autoimmune disorders, analo- gies between the two groups of diseases may be of interest.Circulating interferon (IFN) is commonly detected in patients with autoimmune disorders (the so called 'autoimmune-IFN') as well as in patients with AIDS, correlating with disease progression.2"'Although circulating IFN is not included in the list of criteria suggestive of autoimmune disorders, the pres- ence of acid-labile IFN-a is believed to reflect continuing autoimmune reactions."-Wetested 51 sera from patients with either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease for the presence of IFN using a sensitive bioassay.For comparison, 41 sera of HIV infected patients were also tested.No IFN was detected in the serum samples from the IBD group while 10 sera from the HIV infected patients were positive for IFN with titres ranging from 5 to 200 IU/ml.This IFN was acid-lable, and characterised as a-type by sensitivity to neutralisation with specific antiserum.IBD sera were also tested for the presence of neutralising antibodies to IFN a or y6 and no IFN antibodies were found in IBD sera.Thus, although T cells and macrophages are activated in Crohn's disease and IFN-y is actively released in the diseased gut,7-" no circulating autoimmune IFN can be detected in these patients.These observations provide new evidence against an autoimmune aetiology for IBD.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: David Calvet, Emmanuel Touzé, Olivier Varenne, Jean-Louis Sablayrolles, Simon Weber, Jean-Louis Mas
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in stroke patients. Some patients with asymptomatic CAD might benefit from specific prevention, but the prevalence of asymptomatic CAD is not well known. We assessed the prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and whether the prevalence is related to traditional vascular risk factors and cervicocephalic atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— From January 2006 to February 2009, consecutive patients between 45 and 75 years of age with nondisabling, noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and no prior history of CAD were enrolled in the study. All patients had a 64-section computed tomography coronary angiography and a detailed cervicocephalic arterial workup. Risk factors were assessed individually and through the Framingham Risk Score. Among 300 patients included in the study, 274 had computed tomography coronary angiography. The prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14 to 23; n=50). Asymptomatic CAD was independently associated with traditional risk factors assessed individually and through the Framingham Risk Score (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 7.6 for a 10-year risk of coronary heart disease of 10% to 19%; and OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.8 to 19.1 for a 10 year-risk of coronary heart disease ≥20%), the presence of at least 1 ≥50% cervicocephalic artery stenosis (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 11.2), excessive alcohol consumption (OR, 3.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 7.3), and ankle brachial index &lt;0.9 (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.9 to 5.2). The prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD was also related to the extent of cervicocephalic atherosclerosis. Conclusions— About one fifth of patients with nondisabling, noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack have ≥50% asymptomatic CAD. In addition to vascular risk factors, the presence of ≥50% cervicocephalic artery stenosis is strongly related to ≥50% asymptomatic CAD.
Operative Anatomy of Abdomen and Pelvis
Authors: Ben Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Justification is not easy for another surgical anatomy book. This one—according to the preface—is aimed at the surgical intern but in fact covers much more than the neophyte probably cares to know. This book lies between an anatomic and surgical atlas, with obvious major emphasis on anatomy. Important—and sometimes trivial—anatomic details, variations, and congenital abnormalities are described in the text and copiously illustrated in thin-line diagrams. An atlas lives or dies with its illustrations. This volume has 224 plates, the majority of which are lifted from classic articles in the literature. Inevitably, their quality varies enormously. Just because an article is a classic does not guarantee that its illustrations also excel. The real value of the book lies in Paul D. Malone's illustrations, which comprise about 15% of the plates. Malone—the Chief Medical Illustrator at the Lahey Clinic—is a master. He knows how to simplify and yet be accurate. Leafing