tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL PNEUMONIA AND PSITTACOSIS
Authors: A. R. Koontz
Journal: JAMA (1931)

To the Editor:  —Peterson, Spalding and Wildman published inThe Journal, July 19, 1930, the report of the autopsy observations in a case of human  These showed an unusual type of pneumonic consolidation, lobar in distribution, more uniform than bronchopneumonia, but less dense and uniform than lobar pneumonia, with less fibrin and pus cells and with a cellular alveolar exudate consisting predominately of large mononuclear cells. Gorham, Calder and Vedder reported several cases of psittacosis inThe Journal, June 7, 1930, and commented on the type of pneumonia that has occasionally been found in autopsies of cases of this disease. The pneumonia has been said to be poor in fibrin, red cells and leukocytes but rich in desquamated alveolar epithelium. The authors wonder whether it is justifiable to consider these changes pathognomonic of human psittacosis.  In 1912, Francis Carter Wood ( Arch. Int. Med.  10: 478 [Nov.] 1912) reported a
Guidelines for Health Supervision II, by the Committee on the Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health, 1985-1988
Authors: Harrison Clark Spencer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<i>Guidelines for Health Supervision II</i>is a 160-page 6-inch × 11-inch spiralring manual with accompanying set of 22 cue cards published by the American Academy of Pediatrics. It was written in 1985 by the Committee on the Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health of the Academy. The authors represent nationally outstanding and experienced persons devoted to child health. The guidelines are intended to be used by practicing pediatricians as well in the education of physicians and other health professionals. This second edition begins with an emphasis on establishing a therapeutic alliance—the doctor-parent and doctor-patient relationship. Specific suggestions in the communication process are given as well as suggested readings. Beginning with the prenatal visit and extending to the health assessment of 20-year-old patients, the manual gives succinct and specific guidelines on gathering information, examination, immunization, anticipatory guidance, and closing the visit. This format is similar to that of the first
Comprehensive Doppler assessment of right ventricular diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Allan L. Klein, Liv K. Hatle, Darryl J. Burstow, Charles P. Taliercio, James B. Seward, Robert A. Kyle, Kent R. Bailey, Morie A. Gertz, A.Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Body Burdens of Polychlorinated Dibenzo- <i>p</i> -dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls and Their Relations to Estrogen Metabolism in Pregnant Women
Authors: Shu-Li Wang, Yu-Chen Chang, How-Ran Chao, Chien-Ming Li, Lih-Ann Li, Long-Yau Lin, Olaf Päpke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs, dioxins), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental endocrine disruptors that have half-lives of 7-10 years in the human body and have toxicities that probably include carcinogenesis. A high ratio of 4-hydroxyl estradiol (4-OH-E2) to 2-hydroxyl estradiol (2-OH-E2) has been suggested as a potential biomarker for estrogen-dependent neoplasms. In this cohort study of maternal-fetal pairs, we examined the relationship of PCDD/PCDF and PCB exposure to levels of estrogen metabolites in the sera of 50 pregnant women 25-34 years of age from central Taiwan. Maternal blood was collected during the third trimester, and the placenta was collected at delivery. We measured 17 dioxin congeners, 12 dioxin-like PCBs, and 6 indicator PCBs in placenta using gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Estrogen metabolites in maternal serum were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The ratio of 4-OH-E2:2-OH-E2 decreased with increasing exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (beta=-0.124, p=0.004 by the general linear regression model, R=0.4). Meanwhile, serum levels of 4-OH-E2 increased with increasing concentrations of high-chlorinated PCDFs (i.e., 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-CDF: beta=0.454, p=0.03, R=0.30). Altered estrogen catabolism might be associated with body burdens of PCDDs/PCDFs. Our study suggests that exposure to PCDDs/PCDFs significantly affects estrogen metabolism. Therefore, PCDD/PCDF exposure must be considered when using the OH-E2 ratio as a breast cancer marker.
Should Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting Be Used in Elderly Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?
Authors: Benjamin Medalion, Rephael Mohr, Osnat Frid, Gideon Uretzky, Nachum Nesher, Yosef Paz, Amir Kramer, Dmitry Pevni
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Although bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting is associated with improved survival, the use of this technique in the elderly is controversial because of their increased surgical risk and shorter life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on outcome of patients undergoing bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting.Between 1996 and 2001, 1714 consecutive patients underwent skeletonized bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting, of whom 748 were ≤65 years of age, 688 were between 65 and 75 years of age, and 278 were ≥75 years of age. Operative mortality of the 3 age groups (1.2%, 4.1%, and 5.8%, respectively) was lower than the logistic EuroSCORE predicted mortality (3.9%, 6.5%, and 9.3%, respectively; P<0.001). There were no significant differences among the groups in occurrence of sternal infection (1.3%, 2.6%, and 1.4%, respectively; P=0.171). Mean follow-up was 11.5 years. Kaplan-Meier 10-year survival for patients ≤65, 65 to 75, and >75 years of age was 85%, 65%, and 40%, respectively (P<0.001). These rates were better than the corresponding predicted Charlson Comorbidity Index survival rates (68%, 37%, and 20%, respectively; P<0.001 for all age groups), approaching survival of the sex- and age-matched general population (90%, 70%, and 41%, respectively). Age ≤65 years (hazard ratio, 0.232; 95% confidence interval, 0.188-0.288) and age 65 to 75 years (hazard ratio, 0.499; 95% confidence interval, 0.414-0.602) were independent predictors of improved survival (Cox model).Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting should be considered in patients >65 years of age because of the significant survival benefit obtained with this surgical technique with no additional risk of sternal wound infection related to age.
Abstract 2681: Multicolor imageable orthotopic tumorgraft models of human patient pancreatic cancer
Authors: Atsushi Suetsugu, Matthew H.G. Katz, Jason B. Fleming, Mohamed K. Hassanein, Hisataka Moriwaki, Michael Bouvet, Shigetoyo Saji, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In order to help develop more effective treatment for pancreatic cancer, we developed a multicolor imageable orthotopic mouse model for individual human pancreatic-cancer patients. Pancreatic cancer patient tumor specimens were initially established in SCID-NOD mice. The tumors were then passaged orthotopically into transgenic nude mice expressing GFP in almost every tissue. Both the primary tumors and resultant metastasis acquired GFP stroma and could be imaged by GFP fluorescence. GFP stroma included cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Further passage to nude mice expressing RFP in almost all tissues resulted in tumors and metastasis acquiring RFP stroma in addition to their GFP stroma, including CAFs. Further passage to transgenic nude mice expressing CFP in almost all tissues resulted in tumors and metastasis acquiring CFP stroma in addition to RFP and GFP stroma including CAFs. The model can be used to image primary and metastatic progression of patient pancreatic tumors, study acquisition of stroma and to test both standard and novel cancer- and stroma-targeting agents. The imageable tumor-graft model should prove valuable for treatment evaluation of individual cancer patients, as well as for evaluation of experimental therapeutics targets in the tumor or the tumor microenvironment such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2681. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2681
Exenterative Surgery of the Pelvis
Authors: B. Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Few surgeons perform pelvic exenterations ("sweeps") often enough to be thoroughly familiar with the myriad technical details. There is, therefore, a need for a monograph containing all one needs to know about the procedure. Without doubt, Dr. Eugene Bricker and his coauthors, by right of primogeniture, wealth of practice, and careful analysis of results, are the established worldwide experts not only on the operative technique but on its indications and its results. Monographs are sometimes forced —cramming too much, or expanding too little in a slim little volume. This one is a natural. With characteristic modesty, generosity, and thoroughness, Dr. Bricker reviews the history of the pelvic sweep. As befits a now-accepted routine form of extended surgery, little space is wasted defending an admittedly deforming operative procedure. Numbers speak louder than diatribes. Thirty-nine percent to 42% five-year survival in cancer patients with no evidence of disease, with an operative mortality
Myocardial Revascularization Need for Hard Facts
Authors: Eliot Corday
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Aorto-coronary-vein bypass, a new surgical technique to revascularize the myocardium, is being enthusiastically received by most cardiologists as a major breakthrough in the conquest of the nation's number-one killer, but with skepticism by others. Although some 20,000 of these operations have been performed in the past 12 months, we still do not know even the first fact—whether vein bypass increases survival. By appearing to lessen angina it might improve the quality of life, but unless registries are soon established to study survival and results in each case, we will not be able to establish indications, contraindications, and constraints for the new revascularization procedures. We already know that one year after revascularization about 22% of vein grafts are occluded, 18% of patients have sustained a myocardial infarction, and cardiac function is worsened in 50% of those with previous myocardial damage. Long-range studies have provided the natural history of anginal patients and
Abstract P3-02-05: Subtypes of screen-detected invasive breast cancer and symptomatic invasive breast cancer and their impact on survival
Authors: N Kobayashi, M Hikichi, S Miyajima, T Utsumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is a worldwide problem which urgently requires solution, in many countries still being the most common cause of malignancy associated death. The screening program aims to detect early breast cancer to improve survival. We investigated the clinicopathrogical characteristic including intrinsic subtypes and outcome of patients with screen-detected invasive breast cancer (S-DIBC) compared with those with symptomatic invasive breast cancer (SIBC). Material and Methods: From January 2005 to December 2011 840 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery at our hospital were included. There were 195 S-DIBCs and 645 SIBCs. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathologic data. Ki-67 LI was categorized as low (&amp;lt;14%) and high (&amp;gt; or = 15%). Tumors were classified into four groups based on the expression of ER, PgR, Ki-67 and HER2 as follows: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, and HER2− and Ki67 low), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, and HER2+ or Ki67 high), HER2 disease (ER−, PR−, HER2+), and triple negative (ER−, PR−, HER2−). Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) curves were generated using the Kaplan- Meier method. Survival comparisons were made with the log-rank test, the level of significance was taken to be 0.05. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results: S-DIBC was associated with smaller tumor size, less lymph node involvement, and earlier stage compared with SIBC (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Significantly more tumors were positive for hormone receptors in the S-DIBC group as compared to the SIBC group (ER+,83.5% vs.75.1%, p = 0.017; PgR+, 73.4% vs. 60.6%, P = 0.009), with a greater proportion of the luminal A subtype in the S-DIBC group (S-DIBC: Luminal A 59.0%, Luminal B 25.6%, HER2 disease 4.6%, triple negative 10.8%; SIBC group: Luminal A 46.5%, Luminal B 30.0%, HER2 disease 6.6%, triple negative 16.8%). Patients with S-DIBC had better prognosis [5-year OS: 100% (S-DIBC) vs. 95.5% (SIBC), p = 0.005, 5-year RFS: 98.5 vs. 92.1%, p = 0.004]. Tumors detected with screening generally had more favorable outcomes than symptomatic cancers regardless of subtypes [5-year OS: (S-DIBC) Luminal A 100%, Luminal B 100%, HER2 disease 100%, triple negative 100%; (SIBC) Luminal A 95.9%, Luminal B 93.3%, HER2 disease 95.5%, triple negative 84.1%)]. Conclusions: Our results suggest that subtype distribution of S-DIBC differs from that of SIBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-05.
Review of Hear the Silence: Public needs to know why adverse reactions to vaccines occur
Authors: C A Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggers distinct patterns of pneumonia progression with multiorgan disease, calling for cell- and/or tissue-type specific host injury markers. <h3>METHODS</h3> An integrated hypothesis-free single biomarker analysis framework was performed on nasal swabs (n = 484) from patients with COVID-19 in GSE152075. The origin of candidate biomarker was assessed in single-cell RNA data (GSE145926). The candidate biomarker was validated in a cross-sectional cohort (n = 564) at both nucleotide and protein levels. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Phospholipase A2 group VII (PLA2G7) was identified as a candidate biomarker in COVID-19. PLA2G7 was predominantly expressed by proinflammatory macrophages in lungs emerging with progression of COVID-19. In the validation stage, PLA2G7 was found in patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia, especially in severe pneumonia, rather than patients suffered mild H1N1 influenza infection. Up to 100% positive rates of PLA2G7 were positively correlated with not only viral loads in patients with COVID-19 but also severity of pneumonia in non-COVID-19 patients. Although Ct values of PLA2G7 in severe pneumonia was significantly lower than that in moderate pneumonia (<i>P</i> = 7.2e-11), no differences were observed in moderate pneumonia with COVID-19 between severe pneumonia without COVID-19 (<i>P</i> = 0.81). Serum protein levels of PLA2G7, also known as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA<sub>2</sub>), were further found to be elevated and beyond the upper limit of normal in patients with COVID-19, especially among the re-positive patients. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> We firstly identified and validated PLA2G7, a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), was abnormally enhanced in COVID-19 patients at both nucleotide and protein aspects. These findings provided indications into the prevalence of cardiovascular involvements seen in COVID-19 patients. PLA2G7 could be a hallmark of COVID-19 for monitoring disease progress and therapeutic response. <h3>FUNDING</h3> This study was supported by grants from China Mega-Projects for Infectious Disease (2018ZX10711001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82041023).
A New Word for Vaccine
Authors: Henry Freeman Walker
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> There is need of a new descriptive word in our nomenclature. "Vaccine," from<i>vacca</i>, "a cow," is a misnomer when applied to serums taken from any other source, man, horse, goat, guinea-pig or rabbit; and doubtful, if a culture is made from a broth. We need a word which defines the character of the remedies now so much used as antidotes. We reverse the old dictum of the homeopathic school: "Similia similibus curantur," and say "Like kills like;" and this likeness of remedy to disease should be asserted. My own suggestion for the new word is "viroid," i. e., like the virus for which it is the antidote. This name is distinctive, and it follows the analogies of medical language. It claims to combat a disease with its specific antidote. "Viroid" would be the name of the type of remedy, and a prefix would define the special
Management of lower urinary tract dysfunction in neurological disease: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: S. Swain, R. Hughes, M. Perry, S. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A wide range of neurological conditions can affect the function of the lower urinary tract, potentially causing distressing symptoms and even renal damage. It is important to ask patients with neurological disease about urinary symptoms, as identifying these should lead to appropriate assessment and treatment, improvement in quality of life, and a reduction in long term morbidity. Clinicians can easily overlook urinary tract problems as they focus on other important clinical matters, but a better understanding of how to deal with lower urinary tract problems may increase the confidence of healthcare professionals in this area. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the management of lower urinary tract dysfunction in neurological disease.1 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Initial assessment Patients needing assessment include those with newly diagnosed neurological disease; those with known neurological disease and new or changing symptoms suggesting urinary tract dysfunction; and those requiring periodic reassessment of their urinary tract management. The interval between routine assessments will depend on the person (for example, their age or diagnosis) but should not exceed three years.
NICE backs new oral anticoagulant for stroke prevention
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended the oral anticoagulant dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. The appraisal committee said the drug is a useful alternative to the current standard treatment, warfarin, as it does not require regular blood tests to monitor treatment.

The committee concluded that dabigatran 150 mg twice daily was more clinically effective than warfarin in reducing the risk of stroke or systemic embolism, ischaemic stroke, and vascular mortality and that this represented an important development for people with atrial fibrillation. It also concluded that a lower dose of 110 mg twice daily is as effective as warfarin. The committee said both doses of dabigatran were associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction compared with …
[504] SWITCHING LAMIVUDINE RESISTANT CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS FROM TENOFOVIR TO ADEFOVIR RESULTS IN HBVDNA RELAPSE WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE
Authors: W.F. Leemans, H.L. Janssen, H.G. Niesters, S.W. Schalm, R.A. de Man
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Recombinant DNA derived monomeric insulin analogue: comparison with soluble human insulin in normal subjects.
Authors: J. P. Vora, D. R. Owens, J. Dolben, J. A. Atiea, J. D. Dean, S. Kang, A. Burch, J. Brange
Journal: BMJ (1988)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the rate of absorption from subcutaneous tissue and the resulting hypoglycaemic effect of iodine-125 labelled soluble human insulin and a monomeric insulin analogue derived by recombinant DNA technology. DESIGN--Single blind randomised comparison of equimolar doses of 125I labelled soluble human insulin and insulin analogue. SETTING--Study in normal people at a diabetes research unit and a university department of medical physics. SUBJECTS--Seven healthy male volunteers aged 20-39 not receiving any other drugs. INTERVENTIONS--After an overnight fast and a basal period of one hour two doses (0.05 and 0.1 U/kg) of 125I labelled soluble human insulin and insulin analogue were injected subcutaneously into the anterior abdominal wall on four separate days. END POINT--To find a fast acting insulin for meal related requirements in insulin dependent diabetics. MEASUREMENTS and main results--Residual radioactivity at the injection site was measured continuously for the first two hours after injection of the 125I labelled preparations and thereafter for five minutes simultaneously with blood sampling. Frequent venous blood samples were obtained over six hours for determination of plasma immunoreactive insulin, insulin analogue, glucose, and glucagon values. Time to 50% of initial radioactivity at the injection site for the insulin analogue compared with soluble insulin was 61 v 135 minutes (p less than 0.05) with 0.05 U/kg and 67 v 145 minutes (p less than 0.001) with 0.1 U/kg. Concentrations in plasma increased faster after the insulin analogue compared with soluble insulin, resulting in higher plasma concentrations between 10 and 150 minutes (0.001 less than p less than 0.05) after 0.05 U/kg and between 40 and 360 minutes (0.001 less than p less than 0.05) after 0.1 U/kg. The hypoglycaemic response to insulin analogue was a plasma glucose nadir at 60 minutes with both doses compared with 90 and 120 minutes with soluble insulin at 0.5 and 0.1 U/kg respectively. The response of glucagon substantiated the earlier and more dramatic hypoglycaemic effect with the insulin analogue. CONCLUSIONS--The much faster absorption from subcutaneous tissue of the disubstituted monomeric insulin analogue compared with soluble insulin suggests that the analogue may be a potential candidate for rapid insulin delivery after subcutaneous bolus injection.
Copyright Law Undergoes Major Face-lift
Authors: Donald S. Dobkin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

ON JAN 1,1978, the first major statutory revision of US copyright law in almost 70 years became effective. The new law, embodying the efforts of many years of compromise between the interests of publishers and authors, contains wide-sweeping changes. While the enactment of the new law has thrust copyright into greater public focus of late, copyright law in this country is not a recent phenomenon. The earliest origins of copyright in the United States stem from a 1710 English statute known as the Statute of Anne. Following the American Revolution, most of the states enacted copyright laws generally patterned after the English act. The need for federal legislation, however, was soon recognized, and when the US Constitution was drafted, copyright was included. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution granted Congress the power "to promote the progress of science and useful acts by securing for limited times to authors and
Is the Tumor Board Doomed?-Reply
Authors: Bruce H. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1976)

From the tone of Dr Wishart's letter, he is concerned about two things: the accuracy of our report and the differences in the large and small   First, I would like to point out that the title of my letter has a question mark. I was asking a question and not making a statement.  The survey that was prompted by our tumor board's experience was sent to people we did not know and addressed to the chairman of the tumor board at x, y , or z hospital. The questionnaire had a number of specific questions (the results being recorded in my letter) and a place for these chairmen to record their evaluations of the board. Hence, subjectivity was cut to a minimum, but it must be remembered that this is only an analysis of hospitals in the VA system.  Because the editor insisted that the length of the