tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the Degree of Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Siu F. Yiu, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, Christophe Tribouilloy, James B. Seward, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) occurs with a structurally normal valve as a complication of systolic left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Determinants of degree of FMR are poorly defined; thus, mechanistic therapeutic approaches to FMR are hindered.In a prospective study of 21 control subjects and 128 patients with LVD (defined as ejection fraction <50%, mean 31+/-9%) in sinus rhythm, we quantified simultaneously by echocardiography the effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) of FMR by using 2 methods: mitral deformation (valve and annulus) and left ventricular (LV) global (volumes, stress, function, and sphericity) and local (papillary muscle displacements and regional wall motion index) remodeling. A wide range of ERO (15+/-14 mm(2), 0 to 87 mm(2)) was observed, unrelated to ejection fraction (P:=0.32). The major determinant of ERO was mitral deformation, ie, systolic valvular tenting and annular contraction in univariate (r=0.74 and r=-0.61, respectively; both P:<0.0001) and multivariate (both P:<0. 0001) analyses, independent of global LV remodeling. Systolic valvular tenting was strongly determined by local LV alterations, particularly apical (r=0.75) and posterior (r=0.70) displacement of papillary muscle, with confirmation in multivariate analysis (both P:<0.0001), independent of LV volumes, function, and sphericity.The presence and degree of FMR complicating LVD are unrelated to the severity of LVD. Local LV remodeling (apical and posterior displacement of papillary muscles) leads to excess valvular tenting independent of global LV remodeling. In turn, excess tenting and loss of systolic annular contraction are associated with larger EROs. These determinants of FMR warrant consideration for specific approaches to the treatment of FMR complicating LVD.
Dysplasia of all granulocyte lineages in myelodysplastic evolution of essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Barbara J. Bain, Catherine Garnett, Simona Deplano, Kikkeri Naresh, Ed Kanfer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

A blood film showed dysplasia of all granulocyte lineages. Neutrophils were hypogranular and had hypolobated and abnormally shaped nuclei; some had cytoplasmic vacuolation (top left and bottom right). In addition, there were some macropolycytes and these showed dysplastic features such as hypogranularity (top right) and abnormal nuclear forms. All eosinophils were nonlobulated and showed a variable degree of hypogranularity (top left and bottom right). Basophils had reduced granule numbers, giant granules, and irregularly disposed granules (bottom left and right). During the episode of pneumonia, left shift was present (myelocytes, promyelocytes, and blast cells). Following recovery the dysplasia persisted but immature cells were no longer present. Granulocytic dysplasia is most often recognized in the neutrophil lineage. Eosinophil dysplasia as a feature of a myeloid neoplasm can be difficult to distinguish from the often striking cytological abnormalities in reactive eosinophilia. However, in this patient the uniform lack of lobulation in addition to the variable granule deficiency gave clear evidence of dysplasia. Because of their relative infrequency and the tendency of their granules to dissolve, basophils are not often recognized as dysplastic. However, in this patient all basophils were strikingly abnormal. The patient now has a platelet count well controlled by hydroxycarbamide but is mildly anemic (Hb 118 g/l). Myelodysplastic evolution in essential thrombocythemia may be prognostically adverse and may be the forerunner of leukemic transformation 1, 2.
Particulate Matter Contamination of Intravenous Antibiotics Aggravates Loss of Functional Capillary Density in Postischemic Striated Muscle
Authors: HANS-ANTON LEHR, JOACHIM BRUNNER, RAMZAN RANGOONWALA, C. JAMES KIRKPATRICK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Through the increased use of less expensive and counterfeit medicines, the contamination of parenteral fluids and drugs by particulate matter poses an increasing health hazard worldwide. However, the mechanism of action of such contamination has never been conclusively demonstrated. We have systemically injected the particles contained in three different 1-g preparations of the antibiotic cefotaxime into hamsters and visualized the functional capillary density in striated skin muscle, using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Injection of particles from either of the three preparations did not affect capillary perfusion in normal muscle (n = 3 hamsters, each). However, injection of particles from two generic drug preparations, but not the original preparation or the saline control, significantly reduced capillary perfusion in muscle tissue that had previously been exposed to 4 h of pressure-induced ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion (n = 9 hamsters per group). Histological sections demonstrated birefringent particles mechanically obliterating the microcirculation of the striated muscle. The loss of capillary perfusion due to particle injection or injection of standardized microspheres was dependent on the extent of ischemia/reperfusion-induced muscle injury, with more capillaries lost in the more severely compromised muscle areas. These findings suggest that particle contaminants may not pose a major threat in intact tissue, but may severely compromise tissue perfusion in patients with prior microvascular compromise of vital organs (i.e., after trauma, major surgery, or sepsis) and thus predispose to complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ failure.
Disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Authors: V Binder, L Elsborg, J Greibe, C Hendriksen, L Hoj, K B Jensen, E Kristensen, J R Madsen, B Marner, P Riis, L Willumsen
Journal: Gut (1981)

A controlled clinical study on disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) at a dose of 800 mg per day versus placebo was carried out in 141 patients with ulcerative colitis and 25 patients with Crohn9s disease. Those of the ulcerative colitis patients who had been on sulphasalazine treatment continued that treatment during the trial (101 patients). Forty patients were intolerant of sulphasalazine. No patient received steroids during the last month before the study. Patients with Crohn9s disease had their possible sulphasalazine treatment stopped before the trial. No beneficial effect of DSCG as compared with placebo was found, as the DSCG and the placebo group showed the same number of relapses in patients with a clinically inactive ulcerative colitis at the start of the trial and the same number of patients improving, deteriorating, and maintaining steady state in patients with clinically active ulcerative colitis at the start of the trial. There was no difference between relapse rate in DSCG and placebo groups in patients with Crohn9s disease. No correlation between the eosinophil count in rectal mucosa and the outcome of the attack of ulcerative colitis could be demonstrated.
Early cerebral activities of the environmental estrogen bisphenol A appear to act via the somatostatin receptor subtype sst(2).
Authors: Rosa Maria Facciolo, Raffaella Alò, Maria Madeo, Marcello Canonaco, Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Recently, considerable interest has been aroused by the specific actions of bisphenol A (BPA). The present investigation represents a first study dealing with the interaction of BPA with the biologically more active somatostatin receptor subtype (sst(2)) in the rat limbic circuit. After treating pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats with two doses (400 microg/kg/day; 40 microg/kg/day) of BPA, the binding activity of the above receptor subtype was evaluated in some limbic regions of the offspring. The higher dose proved to be the more effective one, as demonstrated by the elevated affinity of sst(2) with its specific radioligand, [(125)I]-Tyr(0)somatostatin-14. The most dramatic effects of BPA on sst(2) levels occurred at the low-affinity states of such a subtype in some telencephalic limbic areas of postnatal rats (10 days of age; postnatal day [PND] 10). These included lower (p &lt; 0.05) sst(2) levels in the gyrus dentate of the hippocampus and basomedial nucleus of the amygdala; significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) levels were observed only for the high-affinity states of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. A similar trend was maintained in PND 23 rats with the exception of much lower levels of the high-affinity sst(2) receptor subtype in the amygdala nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. However, greater changes produced by this environmental estrogen were reported when the binding activity of sst(2) was checked in the presence of the two more important selective agonists (zolpidem and Ro 15-4513) specific for the alpha-containing Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor complex. In this case, an even greater potentiating effect (p &lt; 0.001) was mainly obtained for the low-affinity sst(2) receptor subtype in PND 10 animals, with the exception of the high-affinity type in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and gyrus dentate. These results support the contention that an sst(2) subtype alpha-containing GABA type A receptor system might represent an important neuromediating station capable of promoting estrogenlike mechanisms of BPA, especially during the early developmental phases.
Disseminated superficial porokeratosis in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hae-Woong Lee, Sang-Hyun Oh, Jung-Chul Choi, Sung-Eun Chang, Mi-Woo Lee, Jee-Ho Choi, Kee-Chan Moon, Jai-Kyoung Koh
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Dilution effects in a spirit-stored syringe.
Authors: J. L. Latham, H. M. Latham
Journal: BMJ (1969)

pregnancy is of the same order.With prophy- laxis limited to an injection of anti-D IgG after delivery these 18% or so would be protected, but the 2% who became immunized during the first pregnancy would not.12The questions then arise whether this 2% of women at risk can be protected by treatment during pregnancy, and whether the attempt is worth while.We think the answer to the second question is that it is worth while, even though we realize that for every woman at theoretical risk (baby Rhpositive, ABO compatible) we would be treat- ing one not at risk.The situation in this respect is similar to the treatment of women who miscarry.The question remains, " Can these women be protected by treatment during preg- nancy ?" This question expands into several: What dose or doses should one give, and when ? Could the IgG given during pregnancy increase rather than decrease the possibility of immunization ?What effect would a given dose at a given time have on the foetus ?Studies going on in several Canadian centres give an answer so far to only one question: a single dose of 300 micrograms of anti-D IgG given at any time from 34 weeks on will not harm the foetus, nor wiH it raise any diagnostic problems, as Dr. Ascari and colleagues suggested.We have evidence from one of our 1-0 immunized primiparae that not all primiparae will be protected by prophylaxis at 34 weeks.There will not be answers to the other questions for several years.-Weare, etc.,
Why hypertensive patients vary in their response to oral debrisoquine.
Authors: J H Silas, M S Lennard, G T Tucker, A J Smith, S L Malcolm, T R Marten
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The relation between dose, systemic availability, and response to oral debrisoquine was studied in 13 hypertensive patients receiving no other treatment. In 11 who received the same daily dose (40 mg) the fall in mean standing systolic blood pressure varied between 0-3 and 44-4 mm Hg. There was a ninefold difference in the daily urinary excretion and pre-dose plasma concentration of unchanged drug but an inverse correlation between daily urinary excretion of debrisoquine and its 4-hydroxy metabolite (r= -0-86), suggesting that a low recovery of debrisoquine occurs because of extensive metabolism. There was a significant correlation between the fall in standing systolic blood pressure and the mean daily urinary excretion (r= +0-82) and pre-dose plasma concentration (r= +0-82) of unchanged debrisoquine. In contrast, there was a significant inverse correlation between the urinary recovery of the metabolite and the fall in blood pressure (r= -0-82). The availability of debrisoquine is the major determinant of response to this drug. In the absence of side effects a poor response may be an indication to increase the daily dose rather than add another hypotensive agent.
Cycloheximide prevents apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, and glutathione depletion induced by transforming growth factor ? in fetal rat hepatocytes in primary culture
Authors: A Sanchez, A M Alvarez, M Benito, I Fabregat
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We have previously reported that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) induces apoptosis in fetal hepatocytes in primary culture. This effect was found to be associated with an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a lowering of total cellular reduced glutathione (GSH). In this study, we investigated whether protein synthesis plays a role in these TGF-β-induced effects. When fetal hepatocytes were incubated in the presence of cycloheximide, a specific protein synthesis inhibitor, TGF-β-induced apoptosis was completely blocked. The overall intracellular oxidized state of the cells, when measured using either 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH) by laser-scanning confocal microscopy, or both DCFH and hydroethidine (DHE) by flow cytometric analysis, was increased transiently after the addition of TGF-β. This increase was abolished by incubation of the cells in the presence of cycloheximide. Furthermore, the decrease in the total cellular GSH content induced by TGF-β in these cells was not observed when cycloheximide was present. Cycloheximide effect was not associated with an enhancement of cysteine and restoration of cellular glutathione level, because inhibition of GSH synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) did not prevent the cycloheximide protective effect. Experiments performed to check whether Fas (APO-1) ligand might be the protein that needs to be synthesized have indicated that this possibility can be excluded. All these findings suggest that apoptosis elicited by TGF-β in fetal hepatocytes requires the synthesis of an unknown protein before ROS production, glutathione loss, and oxidative stress.
Tissue type plasminogen activator regulates myeloid-cell dependent neoangiogenesis during tissue regeneration
Authors: Makiko Ohki, Yuichi Ohki, Makoto Ishihara, Chiemi Nishida, Yoshihiko Tashiro, Haruyo Akiyama, Hiromitsu Komiyama, Leif R. Lund, Atsumi Nitta, Kiyofumi Yamada, Zhenping Zhu, Hideoki Ogawa, Hideo Yagita, Ko Okumura, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Zena Werb, Beate Heissig, Koichi Hattori
Journal: Blood (2010)
Supramolecular control of polyplex dissociation and cell transfection: Efficacy of amino groups and threading cyclodextrins in biocleavable polyrotaxanes
Authors: Atsushi Yamashita, Daizo Kanda, Ryo Katoono, Nobuhiko Yui, Tooru Ooya, Atsushi Maruyama, Hidetaka Akita, Kentaro Kogure, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Laboratory Tests for the Student
Authors: N. F. Maclagan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The rheumatic diseases are an ill-defined miscellany, and their compression into note form cannot have been easy.Moreover, this small book boldly sets forth the subject in its widest sense.It is divided into three parts.The first deals with anatomy, physical examination, pathology and immunology, laboratory investigation, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy: the second is a description of individual rheumatic disorders, and the third is devoted to regional pain syndromes.The dangers of its dogmatic approach are super- ficiality and inaccuracy.The first is inevit- able, but the second has been successfully avoided, at least to any serious extent, so that the book can be recommended for examination candidates and others who find this style of presentation useful.
Thrombosis of the Internal Jugular Vein in Congestive Cardiac Failure
Authors: A. G. White, J. E. L. Sales
Journal: BMJ (1965)

tion of a widespread enteric infection.This hypothesis was based on a suggested similarity between the geographical distri- butions of poliomyelitis and multiple sclerosis, though no actual data were given.One essential for this hypothesis has been supplied by the present study, which has confirmed the relation between multiple sclerosis mortality, poliomyelitis notification rate, and latitude in Australasia.Data from the northern hemi- sphere did not demonstrate this relation, possibly because there were more potential complicating factors in this hemisphere, and these may have exerted a masking effect.We are grateful to Mr. S. E.
Prince Dracula, Rabies, and the Vampire Legend
Authors: Alex Heick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 July 1992Prince Dracula, Rabies, and the Vampire LegendAlex Heick, MD, PhMAlex Heick, MD, PhMSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-2-172_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Immortalized a century ago by Bram Stoker in his novel about Dracula, the legend of the human vampire is a popular fictional theme. In Eastern Europe, written records of vampirism date back to the thirteenth century (1). According to this lore, the vampire is a person whose soul stays in his or her body after death. During the day the vampire sleeps in a grave, leaving it at dusk to assault victims. To do this, he or she may transmogrify into an animal, for example, a bat. The victim usually survives, somewhat anemic, with only toothmarks as...References1. SturmVölker DK. Von denen Vampiren oder Menschensäugern. München: Carl Hanser; 1968. Google Scholar2. Constantine D. Bat rabies in the southwestern United States. Public Health Rep. 1967;82:867-88. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Lindtjørn B. Clinical features of rabies in man. Trop Doct. 1982;12: 9-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. McNallyFlorescu RR. In Search of Dracula. Greenwich, Connecticut: New York Graphic Society; 1972. Google Scholar5. FlorescuMcNally RR. Dracula: A Bibliography of Vlad the Impaler. London: Robert Hale: 1973. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hvidovre Hospital Copenhagen 2650 Denmark PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMalignant but not maleficent: acute leukaemia as a possible explanation of disease and death in vampire victimsDread Disease and the AsylumLe vampirisme dans la médecineRABIES VIRUSHereditary Somnambulism in DraculaOrigin of the Myth of VampirismPellagra and the Origin of a Myth: Evidence from European Literature and Folklore 15 July 1992Volume 117, Issue 2Page: 172-173KeywordsAssaultBatsRabiesSleep Issue Published: 15 July 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract P5-01-14: Discrepancy between routine and expert pathologists in histological assessment of early stage non palpable breast cancer and its impact on loco regional and systemic treatment
Authors: EL Postma, HM Verkooijen, PJ van Diest, SM Willems, MA van den Bosch, R van Hillegersberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Histopathological parameters are essential for deciding on further adjuvant treatment in patients with breast cancer after surgery. Here, we assessed the impact of inter observer variability on further treatment strategy in patients with clinically node negative, non palpable breast carcinomas. Methods: Clinical and histopathological data of 314 patients with clinically node negative non palpable invasive breast cancer were analysed. Histological assessment of the primary tumour and sentinel nodes was first performed in a routine setting, subsequently central review took place. In cases of discordance between local en central assessment, we determined the impact on locoregional and systemic treatment strategy. Results: Discordance between local and central review was seen in 13% of the patients (kappa 0.60 95% CI 0.50–0.71) for type, in 12% (k = 0.796 95% CI 0.73–0.86) for grade, in 1% for ER status (k = 0.898 95% CI 0.80–1.0), in 2% for PR status(0.940 95% CI 0.89–0.99). Discrepancy in the assessment of the sentinel node(s) was seen in 2% of the patients. (k = 0.954 95% CI 0.92–0.98). Practising current Dutch Guidelines, loco regional treatment would be affected in 2% (7/310), systemic treatment in 5% (16/310) and both in 1% (2/310) of the patients. For patients in whom central review would have led to additional systemic treatment (3%), the 10 years mortality and recurrence rate would decrease with a median of 4.6% and 15% respectively. Conclusion: Inter observer variation in the histopathological assessment of non-palpable breast carcinoma specimens and sentinel nodes results in a different loco regional or systemic treatment advice in 8% of the patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-14.
"Not clinically indicated": patients' interests or resource allocation?
Authors: T Hope, D Sprigings, R Crisp
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The decision that a particular intervention is not clinically indicated may conceal two quite different ethical assumptions. The first assumption is that the intervention is not of overall benefit to this patient. The second is that limited resources should not be used for this patient. These issues are discussed with reference to cardiac surgery in elderly patients with reference to the main theories of allocation: QALYs, needs theories, the sanctity of life theory, the lottery theory, and market forces.
Antigenicity of the infected-erythrocyte and merozoite surfaces in Falciparum malaria.
Authors: S G Langreth, R T Reese
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The antigenicity of altered structures induced by Plasmodium falciparum in the membranes of infected Aotus monkey and human erythrocytes was examined. Antisera were obtained from monkeys made immune to malaria. Bound antibodies were shown to be localized on the knob protrusions of infected erythrocytes of both human and monkey origin and from both in vitro and in vivo infections. Therefore, P. falciparum infection has produced similar antigenic changes in the erythrocyte surfaces of both man and monkey. Uninfected erythrocytes and all knobless-infected erythrocytes bound no antibody from immune sera. Strains of P. falciparum from widely different geographic areas that were cultured in vitro in human erythrocytes induced structures (knobs) which have common antigenicity. Merozoites were agglutinated by cross-linking of their cell coats when incubated with immune sera. The binding of ferritin-labeled antibody was heavy on the coats of both homologous and heterologous strains of the parasite, indicating that the merozoite surfaces of these strains share common antigens.
Dutch to examine testing boxers for brain damage
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Dutch government has asked its scientific advisers to look at the possibility of reintroducing neuropsychological tests for sports that carry a risk of brain damage.

An obligatory test was abolished for Dutch professional boxers in 1995, after little more than a year, amid international controversy over the interpretation of the results. A high proportion of positive results led to boxers going abroad to gain licences and then returning to fight in the Netherlands.

Now junior health …