tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of Prenatal Methylmercury Exposure from Environmental Sources to Childhood IQ
Authors: Joseph L. Jacobson, Gina Muckle, Pierre Ayotte, Éric Dewailly, Sandra W. Jacobson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Although prenatal methylmercury exposure has been linked to poorer intellectual function in several studies, data from two major prospective, longitudinal studies yielded contradictory results. Associations with cognitive deficits were reported in a Faroe Islands cohort, but few were found in a study in the Seychelles Islands. It has been suggested that co-exposure to another contaminant, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), may be responsible for the positive findings in the former study and that co-exposure to nutrients in methylmercury-contaminated fish may have obscured and/or protected against adverse effects in the latter.We aimed to determine the degree to which co-exposure to PCBs may account for the adverse effects of methylmercury and the degree to which co-exposure to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may obscure these effects in a sample of Inuit children in Arctic Québec.IQ was estimated in 282 school-age children from whom umbilical cord blood samples had been obtained and analyzed for mercury and other environmental exposures.Prenatal mercury exposure was related to poorer estimated IQ after adjustment for potential confounding variables. The entry of DHA into the model significantly strengthened the association with mercury, supporting the hypothesis that beneficial effects from DHA intake can obscure adverse effects of mercury exposure. Children with cord mercury ≥ 7.5 μg/L were four times as likely to have an IQ score < 80, the clinical cut-off for borderline intellectual disability. Co-exposure to PCBs did not alter the association of mercury with IQ.To our knowledge, this is the first study to document an association of prenatal mercury exposure with poorer performance on a school-age assessment of IQ, a measure whose relevance for occupational success in adulthood is well established. This association was seen at levels in the range within which many U.S. children of Asian-American background are exposed.
Abstract A73: In vivo evidence of TIMPv as a potential target of CD146-signaling inhibiting breast tumor invasion
Authors: Allal Ouhtit, Zakariya Y. Abd Elmageed, Sunil Bhat, Pravrutha Raman, Suad H. Al-Jardani, Ishita Gupta, Somya Shanmuganathan, Hamad Al-Riyami
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract CD146, also known as melanoma cell adhesion molecule (Mel-CAM, MCAM) or MUC18, was initially identified as a marker of melanoma progression and a promoter of melanoma and prostate cancer (PC) metastasis. In contrast, CD146 appears to play a tumor suppression role in breast cancer (BC). Here, we applied microarray gene expression profiling analysis, using a tetracycline (tet On)-inducible system of CD146 in the MDA-MB-231 BC cell line, and we identified TIMPv (a variant of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases), showing a 7 fold increase, as a potential CD146-downstream signaling transcriptional target; this was confirmed in vitro by both time-course western blotting and RT-PCR. Furthermore, breast tumor tissues from both Omani patients and patients from New Orleans area in Louisiana, were examined by immunohistochemistry for the expression of CD146 and TIMPv. Strikingly, the results revealed that the expression levels of both CD146 and its downstream target TIMPv showed parallel inhibition patterns in BC progression, with high expression in normal and benign but low or no expression in malignant and metastatic breast tumor tissue. These findings support the hypothesis that the expression of both, CD146 and its downstream target TIMPv, is lost during BC progression and metastasis. Ongoing studies in our laboratory aim to shed light on the molecular components linking CD146 to the activation of TIMPv transcription. Citation Format: Allal Ouhtit, Zakariya Y. Abd Elmageed, Sunil Bhat, Pravrutha Raman, Suad H. Al-Jardani, Ishita Gupta, Somya Shanmuganathan, Hamad Al-Riyami. In vivo evidence of TIMPv as a potential target of CD146-signaling inhibiting breast tumor invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A73.
Fatty acid desaturase 1 gene polymorphisms control human hepatic lipid composition
Authors: Libo Wang, Shaminie Athinarayanan, Guanglong Jiang, Naga Chalasani, Min Zhang, Wanqing Liu
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes and their variants have been associated with multiple metabolic phenotypes, including liver enzymes and hepatic fat accumulation, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to delineate the role of FADSs in modulating lipid composition in human liver. We performed a targeted lipidomic analysis of a variety of phospholipids, sphingolipids, and ceramides among 154 human liver tissue samples. The associations between previously genome-wide association studies (GWASs)-identified six FADS single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and these lipid levels as well as total hepatic fat content (HFC) were tested. The potential function of these SNPs in regulating transcription of three FADS genes (FADS1, FADS2, and FADS3) in the locus was also investigated. We found that though these SNPs were in high linkage disequilibrium (r(2) > 0.8), the rare alleles of these SNPs were consistently and significantly associated with the accumulation of multiple long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with C47H85O13P (C36:4), a phosphatidylinositol (PI), and C43H80O8PN (C38:3), a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), reached the Bonferroni corrected significance (P < 3 × 10(-4)). Meanwhile, these SNPs were significantly associated with increased ratios between the more saturated and relatively less saturated forms of LCFAs, especially between PEs, PIs, and phosphatidylcholines (PCs; P ≤ 3.5 × 10(-6)). These alleles were also associated with increased total HFC (P < 0.05). Further analyses revealed that these alleles were associated with decreased hepatic expression of FADS1 (P = 0.0018 for rs174556), but not FADS2 or FADS3 (P > 0.05).Our findings revealed critical insight into the mechanism underlying FADS1 and its polymorphisms in modulating hepatic lipid deposition by altering gene transcription and controlling lipid composition in human livers.
Hypertension Due to Renal Infarction
Authors: Martin Z. Fruchtman, John R. Caldwell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

UNILATERAL renal hypertension, its cause and its effects have been of particular interest since it was produced in dogs by Goldblatt et al.1 in 1934. Cases of so-called "Goldblatt hypertension" have been reported, but few are accepted as due solely to unilateral renal ischemia.2 3 4 5 Such reports lead many physicians to believe that the Goldblatt mechanism is rarely a clinical cause of sustained arterial hypertension.3 , 6 However, this conclusion has recently been challenged by Page, Dustan and Poutasse,7 Howard and his co-workers,8 Yendt et al.9 and others.The surgical treatment of unilateral renal hypertension has also been controversial, as shown by the . . .
Signatures of Selection in the Human Olfactory Receptor OR5I1 Gene
Authors: A. Moreno-Estrada, F. Casals, A. Ramirez-Soriano, B. Oliva, F. Calafell, J. Bertranpetit, E. Bosch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

The human olfactory receptor (OR) repertoire is reduced in comparison to other mammals and to other nonhuman primates. Nonetheless, this olfactory decline opens an opportunity for evolutionary innovation and improvement. In the present study, we focus on an OR gene, OR5I1, which had previously been shown to present an excess of amino acid replacement substitutions between humans and chimpanzees. We analyze the genetic variation in OR5I1 in a large worldwide human panel and find an excess of derived alleles segregating at relatively high frequencies in all populations. Additional evidence for selection includes departures from neutrality in allele frequency spectra tests but no unusually extended haplotype structure. Moreover, molecular structural inference suggests that one of the nonsynonymous polymorphisms defining the presumably adaptive protein form of OR5I1 may alter the functional binding properties of the OR. These results are compatible with positive selection having modeled the pattern of variation found in the OR5I1 gene and with a relatively ancient, mild selective sweep predating the "Out of Africa" expansion of modern humans.
Primary Hemangioendotheliosarcoma of Heart, Diagnosed by Angiocardiography
Authors: TSUNG O. CHENG, DON C. SUTTON
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Primary malignant tumors of the heart are rare and are seldom recognized before death. This paper reports a case of primary hemangioendotheliosarcoma of the right atrium of the heart, which was diagnosed clinically by angiocardiography. A brief review of the literature is also presented. No reports are to be found in the literature of the antemortem diagnoses of a primary hemangioendotheliosarcoma of the heart by angiocardiography. Autopsy findings are included.
OCT Findings in Patients With Recanalization of Organized Thrombi in Coronary Arteries
Authors: Soo-Jin Kang, Masataka Nakano, Renu Virmani, Hae-Geun Song, Jung-Min Ahn, Won-Jang Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Ciclosporin vs. clobetasol in the topical management of atrophic and erosive oral lichen planus: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: D. Conrotto, M. Carbone, M. Carrozzo, P. Arduino, R. Broccoletti, M. Pentenero, S. Gandolfo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be painful, especially in the atrophic and erosive forms. Several drugs have been used with varying results, but most treatments are empirical, and do not have adequate control groups or correct study designs.To compare the effectiveness of clobetasol and ciclosporin in the topical management of OLP and to evaluate which is more cost-effective and which gives the longest remission from signs and symptoms.A randomized, comparative, double-blind study was designed. Forty consecutive patients were divided into two groups to receive clobetasol propionate or ciclosporin for 2 months. Both drugs were placed in 4% hydroxyethyl cellulose bioadhesive gel. Antimycotic prophylaxis was also given. After the end of therapy, patients underwent a 2-month follow-up.Eighteen of 19 clobetasol-treated patients (95%) improved after 2 months of therapy, while 13 of 20 ciclosporin-treated patients (65%) had a clinical response (P = 0.04). Symptomatology improved in 18 clobetasol-treated patients (95%) and in 17 ciclosporin-treated patients (85%) (not statistically significantly different). Two months after the end of therapy, 33% of clobetasol-treated patients and 77% of ciclosporin-treated patients were stable (P = 0.04). Clobetasol produced significantly more side-effects than ciclosporin (P = 0.04). The daily cost of ciclosporin treatment was 1.82 compared with 0.35 for clobetasol therapy.Clobetasol is more effective than ciclosporin in inducing clinical improvement, but the two drugs have comparable effects on symptoms. Conversely, clobetasol gives less stable results than ciclosporin when therapy ends and has shown a higher incidence of side-effects. The daily cost of ciclosporin is more than five times higher than clobetasol.
Breast Cancer in Younger Women: Reproductive and Late Health Effects of Treatment
Authors: Patricia A. Ganz, Gail A. Greendale, Laura Petersen, Barbara Kahn, Julienne E. Bower
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

In 1997, we initiated a cohort study to evaluate quality of life (QOL) and reproductive health outcomes in younger female breast cancer survivors.Using listings from two tumor registries, we recruited women with stage 0, I, or II breast cancer who were 50 years or younger at diagnosis and were also disease-free survivors for 2 to 10 years. A mailed survey questionnaire assessed medical and demographic factors, health-related QOL, mood, outlook on life, and reproductive health outcomes.We recruited 577 women, who ranged in age from 30 to 61.6 years (mean, 49.5 years) and were surveyed approximately 6 years after diagnosis. Almost three fourths had received some form of adjuvant therapy. Amenorrhea occurred frequently as a result of treatment in women > or = 40 years at diagnosis, and treatment-associated menopause was associated with poorer health perceptions. Across the cohort, physical functioning was quite good, but the youngest women experienced poorer mental health (P =.0002) and less vitality (energy; P =.03). Multiple regression analyses predicting QOL demonstrated better outcomes in African-American women, married or partnered women, and women with better emotional and physical functioning, whereas women who reported greater vulnerability had poorer QOL.Overall QOL in younger women who survive breast cancer is good, but there is evidence of increased emotional disruption, especially among the youngest women. Factors that may contribute to poorer health perceptions and QOL include experiencing a menopausal transition as part of therapy, and feeling more vulnerable after cancer.
Identifying people at high risk of emergency hospital admission
Authors: Jill Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Simply measuring previous hospital admission rates would be misleading 

P redicting who is at high risk of becoming acutely ill and requiring emergency admission to hospital has become an important issue for the NHS in England. The Department of Health intends that people with complex long term conditions, who are frequent users of unplanned secondary care, will be identified.1 After identification, a community matron or other health professional will care for these people by using case management, which has previously been defined as “a programme to intensively manage individual patients with uncontrolled or high cost conditions.”2 Community matrons could come from any branch of nursing, but district nurses are considered to be the group that will find it easiest to adapt to the role. This approach could reduce the number of …
Correlation between plasma concentrations of calcitonin gene related peptide and pulmonary pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: I Bartosik
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objective: To examine plasma levels of calcitonin gene related peptide (p-CGRP) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Material and methods: Twenty nine patients with SSc, 10 with diffuse form, 18 with limited form and one with overlapping systemic lupus erythematosus were examined. Twelve patients displayed normal systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAPsyst) ≤30 mm Hg and 17 increased PAPsyst &gt;30 mm Hg. Eight patients had isolated PH without interstitial lung disease (ILD) and nine had PH and ILD (secondary PH). PAPsyst was measured non-invasively by Doppler cardiography. CGRP was determined by radioimmunoassay. Results: Patients with PH had higher p-CGRP than patients with normal pressure. A positive relation was found between p-CGRP and PAPsyst and between p-CGRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), particularly in patients with isolated PH. Conclusion: In patients with SSc p-CGRP correlates with pulmonary pressure and with ESR. Whether CGRP reflects disease activity or is released secondary to pulmonary vasoconstriction needs to be investigated further.
Clinicopathological observations on metastasis in man studied in patients treated with peritoneovenous shunts.
Authors: D Tarin, J E Price, M G Kettlewell, R G Souter, A C Vass, B Crossley
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fourteen patients with inoperable cancer treated with peritoneovenous shunts for malignant ascites were studied post mortem. Clinical observations and findings at necropsy indicated that peritoneovenous shunting does not result in the establishment of clinically important haematogenous metastases and that metastases do not necessarily develop even when large numbers of viable tumour cells regularly enter the blood. Peritoneovenous shunting provides a unique opportunity for collecting data on the spread of tumours in man.
Jaundiced after a party
Authors: L. A. E. Pratsides, J. Nehme, M. R. Thursz, R. D. Goldin
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 24 year old male student from Poland attended the emergency department with a one week history of jaundice. He also had orange urine and non-specific abdominal pain, which he attempted to relieve by drinking alcohol. He had experienced no vomiting or change in bowel habit or stool consistency.

There was no history of jaundice, illness, surgery, or blood transfusion. He was not taking any regular drugs and gave no history of drug allergies. He denied intravenous drug abuse but admitted taking ecstasy at a party a fortnight ago. He had recently spent two weeks in Poland over Christmas. During the previous week he had drunk about 21 units of alcohol. He was homosexual but had not been sexually active for two weeks before presentation.

On examination he was afebrile and overtly jaundiced. His abdomen was soft, non-tender, he had no palpable masses, and bowel sounds were present. It was noticed that he had an abdominal piercing. There were no signs of hepatic encephalopathy.

On admission his liver function tests were deranged: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 2891 IU/L (reference value <40), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was 246 IU/L (30-130), bilirubin was 285 μmol/L (<17), albumin was 40 g/L (35-51), and international normalised ratio was 1.2 (0.9-1.2).



### 1 What is the differential diagnosis?

#### Short answer

The diagnosis is most likely to be drug induced liver injury associated with MDMA consumption. However, a diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis should be excluded. Alcoholic hepatitis is unlikely with an ALT greater than 300 IU/L (table 1⇓).1

View this table:

Table 1 
 Differential diagnoses in this patient



#### Long answer

Drug induced liver injury is an important cause of liver disease. It ranges from subclinical disease with derangement of liver function tests …
Variation of Adenoma Prevalence by Age, Sex, Race, and Colon Location in a Large Population: Implications for Screening and Quality Programs
Authors: Douglas A. Corley, Christopher D. Jensen, Amy R. Marks, Wei K. Zhao, Jolanda de Boer, Theodore R. Levin, Chyke Doubeni, Bruce H. Fireman, Charles P. Quesenberry
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Infliximab use in patients with severe graft-versus-host disease and other emerging risk factors of non-Candida invasive fungal infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a cohort study
Authors: Francisco M. Marty, Stephanie J. Lee, Michelle M. Fahey, Edwin P. Alyea, Robert J. Soiffer, Joseph H. Antin, Lindsey R. Baden
Journal: Blood (2003)
ABC of palliative care: Nausea, vomiting, and intestinal obstruction
Authors: M. J Baines
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Nausea and vomitingNausea, vomiting, and retching are common and distressing complaints: surveys have found that 50-60% of patients with advanced cancer suffer from one or more of these.These symptoms are more common in patients under 65 years old, in women, and in those with cancer of the stomach or breast. AssessmentAn understanding of the emetic process and the main neurotransmitters involved is helpful in assessing and treating patients who are vomiting because antiemetic drugs are predominately neurotransmitter blocking agents.They are effective at different receptor sites and therefore treat different causes of vomiting.As well as the specific causes of vomiting resulting directly or indirectly from advanced malignancy, patients may develop unrelated conditions such as gastroenteritis or gall bladder disease.In most cases the cause of vomiting is multifactorial, but it is helpful in planning treatment to list all contributing factors.The causes of vomiting can usually be determined from a careful history and clinical examination.Note should be taken of the volume, content, and timing of vomits.A biochemical profile may be needed, but other investigations are often inappropriate.
The patient's journey: palliative careX—a parent's view
Authors: Stephanie Darnill, Bernadette Gamage
Journal: BMJ (2006)

My initial contact with palliative care was through the illness and death of one of my children. This account is, by necessity, highly personal and is oncology based because my son had cancer. Parents of children with other conditions will have different problems and different experiences. Even parents of patients with terminal cancer to whom I have talked faced a variety of issues that I did not encounter, arising from their child's specific needs and the provisions in the area in which they lived. However, the conclusions about palliative care that arose from our experiences are fairly general, I think. This is what happened to us.

My son Andrew died of cancer five years ago, at the age of 17. He became ill in March 1999 and received a diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma shortly afterwards. Two operations to remove tumours followed, as did chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and a stem cell transplant, but the cancer progressed, and we were told at the beginning of December 2000 that he had only a short time, between four and 12 weeks, to live.

Although the progress of the illness—the months of anxiety, hospital admissions, treatments, improvements, relapses—does, to a certain extent, prepare you for such news, it is difficult to describe the effect of it. I think crushing, stunning defeat after a prolonged, painful struggle sums it up. And of course it is the end of all hopes for recovery, when treatment stops and palliative care takes over.

For me as a parent this was a time of many urgent and sometimes conflicting demands: the need to prepare my other children, Andrew's sisters, his grandmother and aunt, his many friends and teachers; the practical considerations demanded by his condition, which centred around the prompt supply of pain relief; and the huge and overwhelming desire, within the …
Irritable Bowel, Mitral Valve Prolapse, and Associated Conditions
Authors: Paul G. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In his Jan 4, 1985, letter, Sataline 1 rightly calls attention to an association between the irritable bowel syndrome and the occurrence of mitral valve prolapse. We, too, have observed the association and believe that there is a spectrum of other, more complicated relationships that occur with this  These included bowel and bladder dysfunction along with mitral valve prolapse and vascular headaches.  Recently, one of us (P.G.C.) proposed a conceptual model that links bowel dysfunction, bladder dysfunction, and vascular headaches to hypokalemia, alkalosis, and abnormalities in the potassium-ammonia axis. 2 Since this initial study, we have performed echocardiograms on 20 consecutive patients with the bowel, bladder, headache syndrome. In each instance, varying degrees of mitral valve prolapse were observed. Furthermore, this constellation of findings is often associated with esophageal dysfunction. Hypomagnesemia is also a frequent concomitant.  Many of the symptoms, including anxiety, panic attacks, fatigue, and
FDG-PET Findings in Barium Aspiration
Authors: Wan-Yu Lin, Shih-Chuan Tsai, Guang-Uei Hung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 47-year-old man had nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). He received radiotherapy 10 years ago and was cancer-free after the treatment. However, diplopia occurred 1 year ago and became more progressive recently. An FDG-PET scan was performed to rule out the possibility of recurrence. No abnormal FDG uptake was demonstrated in the head and neck. However, an irregular area of increased FDG uptake was noted in the right lower lung. The plain chest x-ray showed barium retention in the same area, which might have resulted from aspiration of barium during gastrointestinal barium examination 2 years ago. A follow-up chest x-ray showed no apparent change and there was no evidence of metastases in the lung 6 months later.