tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced medication and normalization of vascular structure, but continued hypertension in renovascular patients after revascularization
Authors: S Kvist
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: The effect of invasive treatment of renal artery stenosis on the use of antihypertensive medication, blood pressure, and morphology and function of resistance arteries was investigated in 14 renovascular hypertensive patients before and after treatment compared to normotensive controls. Methods: Use of antihypertensive medication was calculated as defined daily doses (DDD). Resistance arteries were taken from gluteal subcutaneous biopsies and analyzed in a myograph. Results: Prior to invasive treatment, blood pressure of the patients was elevated compared to normotensive controls. Six months after technically successful invasive treatment, patients were still hypertensive compared to time-matched controls. The use of antihypertensive medication was reduced from 4.4±0.7 DDD before invasive treatment to 3.0±0.6 DDD 6 months after treatment. Vascular structure of resistance arteries, expressed as media/lumen ratio (media thickness to diameter), was greater in patients before invasive treatment (10.7±1.0%) compared to normotensive controls (7.9±0.8%). Media/lumen ratio of resistance arteries was reduced to that of the controls 6 months after invasive treatment despite the remaining hypertension. The functional studies showed no difference in response to acetylcholine, adenosine, noradrenaline or angiotensin II between patients and controls before or after treatment. Conclusions: This study shows that hypertension and increased media/lumen ratio of resistance arteries prevail in renovascular hypertensive patients despite antihypertensive medication and that invasive treatment is of benefit as regards use of antihypertensive medication. The study provides the novel information that the remaining hypertension is not due to uncorrected media/lumen ratio of the resistance arteries.
Prevention of Torture and Care of Survivors
Authors: Metin Başoǧlu
Journal: JAMA (1993)

An analysis of the 1992 Amnesty International report demonstrates the nature and global distribution of reports of human rights violations. Systematic torture was reported in 93 of 204 countries. Reports of torture were more common from regions affected by political unrest, including mass demonstrations, riots, outbreaks of violence, killings, coup attempts, civil war, armed tribal conflict, rebellions, and conflicts with various opposition groups demanding social and political reform. These observations suggest that effective measures against torture require a multilevel analysis of underlying social, political, cultural, and psychological factors. Effective care of survivors of organized violence and torture is an indispensable component of the human rights struggle and needs more scientific attention. An integrated approach involving both preventive efforts and care of survivors can promote the human rights cause.
Albustix Test for Urine Protein
Authors: R. M. Emrys-Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BMRNA, do we interfere with the natural forces com- bating a virus invasion in our patients ?To relieve discomfort ?But the fever relapses, the patient vomits from chemical gastritis; septic throats, ears, sinuses, and chests are common sequelae with aspirin treatment.Even the simple cold cannot be endured with- out resort to an increasingly ominous array of short-cut suppressive drugs, which cause the colds to abort, relapse, and abort again until, when the reservoirs of virus have swollen to overwhelming proportions in the host, a major febrile "influenza " develops.Anyone who is interested in the natural history of respiratory virus illness, and the host capacity to deal with it effectively, has only to follow Dr. Bowie's example by ceas- ing to use antipyretic drugs.I have used garlic oil, soda mints, sulphur and glucose, and oil of violets as placebos for five years in persons of all ages from birth up to 50.During this period most patients, especially the parents of children, have learned the simple trick of avoiding aspirin and are very happy with the result.We don't need anal- gesics very often, because tonsillitis and otitis
Objective assessment of peritraumatic dissociation: psychophysiological indicators
Authors: M G Griffin, P A Resick, M B Mechanic
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The aims of this study were to investigate psychophysiological changes associated with peritraumatic dissociation in female victims of recent rape and to assess the relation between these changes and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Eighty-five rape victims were examined in a laboratory setting within 2 weeks after the rape, and measures of heart rate, skin conductance, and nonspecific movement were collected. Self-report indexes of reactions to the trauma and interviews to assess PTSD symptoms and peritraumatic dissociation were also completed. On the basis of their scores on the Peritraumatic Dissociation Index, the subjects were classified as having low or high levels of dissociation.Items from the index exhibited good internal consistency, and scores were approximately normally distributed. Individuals in the high peritraumatic dissociation group showed a significantly different pattern of physiological responses from those of the low dissociation group. In general, there was a suppression of autonomic physiological responses in the high dissociation group. This group also contained a larger proportion of subjects (94%) identified as meeting PTSD symptom criteria. Also, among the high dissociation subjects there was a discrepancy between self-reports of distress and objective physiological indicators of distress in the laboratory setting.The results provide preliminary support for the idea that there is a dissociative subtype of persons with PTSD symptoms who exhibit diminished physiological reactivity. The results also underscore the importance of assessing dissociative symptoms in trauma survivors.This study aims to investigate psychophysiological changes associated with peritraumatic dissociation in female victims of recent rape and assess the relation between these changes and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Samples included 85 rape victims from local police departments (84%), plus victim assistance agencies (15%), and hospitals (1%). Results indicate that there is a relatively normal distribution of peritraumatic dissociative symptoms during rape-related trauma. The Peritraumatic Dissociation Index demonstrated good internal consistency in a group of recent rape victims, which supports the use of this type of scale for assessing peritraumatic dissociation in trauma victims. Individuals in the high peritraumatic dissociation group showed a significantly different pattern of physiological responses from those of the low dissociation group. These responses are due to the suppression of autonomic physiological responses. Moreover, this group also contained a larger proportion of subjects (94%) identified as meeting PTSD symptom criteria. Thus, these findings support the idea that there is a dissociative subtype of persons with PTSD who may not process traumatic information, which may lead to greater levels of PTSD symptoms.
Identification and pathogenicity analysis of a novel non-tuberculous mycobacterium clinical isolate with nine-antibiotic resistance
Authors: Z.-Y. Zhang, Z.-Q. Sun, Z.-L. Wang, H.-R. Hu, Z.-L. Wen, Y.-Z. Song, J.-W. Zhao, H.-H. Wang, X.-K. Guo, S.-L. Zhang
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus in Lymphocytes of Two Hemophiliacs with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: ERSKINE L. PALMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Fresh and cultured peripheral blood cells from two patients with hemophilia A and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were examined for markers of infection with human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type I. Neither patient had antibody to membrane antigens of HTLV-infected cells at the time of culture. Electron microscopy of peripheral blood cells from Patient 1 and cultured cells from Patient 2 showed type C retrovirus-like particles. Examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed other smaller virus-like particles in circulating mononuclear cells from both patients. Indirect immunofluorescence of peripheral mononuclear cells from both patients and of cultured cells from Patient 2 showed staining with antibodies to purified HTLV and to HTLV core proteins p24 and p19.
A comprehensive case management programme to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalisations
Authors: Thomas R G Simpson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

A comprehensive case management programme to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalisationsIn this multicentre randomised controlled trial from the USA, the efficacy of a comprehensive care management programme (CCMP) in preventing hospitalisations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was compared with usual care.This approach has shown favourable results in other chronic conditions but evidence is lacking in COPD.An unexpected increase in mortality resulted in the trial being terminated before enrolment was complete.Patients with known COPD at risk of hospitalisations were randomised to receive either usual care or a CCMP.This constituted a series of educational sessions, personalised actionplans and prescriptions to target exacerbations and regular telephone contact with case managers.The primary end-point was time-to-first hospitalisation due to COPD.As the trial was performed within the Veteran's Affairs health service, a data and safety monitoring committee was required.As a result, at the 2-year mark, with 467 patients enrolled out of a target of 960, a significant increase in all-cause mortality was noted in the intervention group, with a non-significant trend towards increased deaths due to COPD.The authors surmised that unrecorded differences between the two groups may be responsible.The absence of comparative scores for body mass index and exercise tolerance between the two groups suggests that BODE scores (a composite index including: Body Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnoea and Exercise tolerance, which has been seen to predict mortality in COPD) were not generated and compared, potentially masking important differences.As well as increased mortality, the available information suggests that the intervention group saw no significant improvement in the primary outcome of increased time-to-next hospitalisation due to COPD.Further studies of this type in the COPD population will require careful data monitoring and a rigorous characterisation of enrolled patients to try and avoid the outcome seen here.
The 2000 steps a day challenge: A tailored exercise programme for lung fibrosis patients
Authors: Nicola Cassidy, Irene Byrne, Jim Egan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Exercise can be extremely difficult for Lung Fibrosis patients due to dyspnoea, hypoxia, muscle weakness and fear. Pulmonary rehabilitation is not easily accessible in Ireland. Methods: The Irish Lung Fibrosis Association developed the 2000 Steps a Day Challenge as an inclusive home-based exercise programme specifically for Lung Fibrosis patients taking their needs into account. The 2000 Steps a Day walking pack consists of a pedometer, literature on the benefits of walking, a Contract for Success to encourage commitment, and a diary to record daily step counts. Positive language and inspirational messages were used to motivate patients to start the programme, make it part of their daily routine and reassure them following a setback. The programme was piloted by 15 patients over a 4-week period. Participants were asked to record their progress and complete a questionnaire on the usefulness and suitability of the programme. Results: 12/15 patients completed the trial phase and successfully added at least 2000 steps extra to their daily routine. 10/12 patients completed the questionnaire. 90% said the written materials were clear and understandable, 70% said the programme was easy to incorporate into their lives, 80% were motivated to exercise every day, 90% considered the pedometer a good motivational tool, 70% found the diary useful, 80% reported improved confidence, 100% felt a sense of achievement after reaching their target, 100% would recommend the programme to another patient. To date, over 200 walking packs have been distributed. The 2000 Steps a Day Challenge was a safe, enjoyable and achievable home-based exercise solution for lung fibrosis patients despite their limitations.
Abstract 16320: The Practical Use of the Latest Standards of Electrocardiography (PULSE) Trial: Nursing-Focused Intervention Improves Nurses’ Knowledge and Quality of ECG Monitoring
Authors: Marjorie Funk, Kristopher P Fennie, Kimberly Stephens, Jeanine L May, Catherine Winkler, Pei-Shiun Chang, Shelli Feder, Krista Knudson, Leonie Rose Bovino, Yasemin Turkman, Barbara J Drew
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of implementing AHA practice standards for ECG monitoring on nurses’ knowledge (NK), quality of care (QoC), and patient outcomes (PO). We hypothesized that our intervention would increase NK, which would enhance QoC, which would lead to improved PO. Methods: The PULSE Trial was a 6-year multi-site randomized clinical trial with crossover that took place in 65 cardiac units in 17 hospitals. We randomized hospitals to the Experimental (Exp) or Control group after obtaining baseline data at T1. We collected data at 2 additional time points: T2 after the intervention in the Exp group and T3 after the intervention in the Control group. The 2-part intervention consisted of an interactive online ECG monitoring education program and strategies to implement and sustain change in practice, led by nurse champions on each unit. We measured NK by a validated 20-item online test. We assessed QoC over 5 consecutive days by observing monitors and electrode placement, reviewing current medical records, and comparing arrhythmias stored in the monitor with nurses’ documentation. For PO, we used administrative and lab data to identify a subset of medical records for review to determine mortality and in-hospital MI. To account for covariates and intra-hospital and unit correlations, we used linear mixed models for NK, generalized linear mixed models for QoC, and generalized estimating equations for PO. The intervention was significantly associated with better NK and improved markers of QoC. NK was not sustained at T3 in the Exp group, but was significantly better than at T1 (p&lt;.0001). For several QoC variables, at T2 the Exp group was better than at T1 (p&lt;.05), and better than the Control group (p&lt;.05); at T3, the Control group improved (p&lt;.05) and improvement was sustained in the Exp group. The intervention was not associated with change in PO. Conclusions: Online education and strategies to change practice can result in improved NK and QoC related to ECG monitoring.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Anxiety: A Children-of-Twins Study
Authors: Thalia C. Eley, Tom A. McAdams, Fruhling V. Rijsdijk, Paul Lichtenstein, Jurgita Narusyte, David Reiss, Erica L. Spotts, Jody M. Ganiban, Jenae M. Neiderhiser
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

The transmission of anxiety within families is well recognized, but the underlying processes are poorly understood. Twin studies of adolescent anxiety demonstrate both genetic and environmental influence, and multiple aspects of parenting are associated with offspring anxiety. To date, the children-of-twins design has not been used to evaluate the relative contributions of genetic transmission compared with direct transmission of anxiety from parents to their offspring.Anxiety and neuroticism measures were completed by 385 monozygotic and 486 dizygotic same-sex twin families (37% male twin pair families) from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden. Structural equation models tested for the presence of both genetic and environmental transmission from one generation to the next.For both anxiety and neuroticism, the models provide support for significant direct environmental transmission from parents to their adolescent offspring. In contrast, there was no evidence of significant genetic transmission.The association between parental and offspring anxiety largely arises because of a direct association between parents and their children independent of genetic confounds. The lack of genetic transmission may reflect there being different genetic effects on these traits in adolescence and adulthood. Direct environmental transmission is in line with developmental theories of anxiety suggesting that children and adolescents learn anxious behaviors from their parents through a number of pathways such as modeling. Future analyses should combine children-of-twins data with child twin data in order to examine whether this direct effect solely represents parental influences on the offspring or whether it also includes child/adolescent anxiety evoking parental anxiety.
Diversity of Neuronal Inhibition
Authors: Rebecca S. Benham, Elif Engin, Uwe Rudolph
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
ISOTOPIC STUDIES OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS ORIGINS 1
Authors: Leon Hellman, Robert S. Rosenfeld, Maxwell L. Eidinoff, David K. Fukushima, T. F. Gallagher, Chun-I Wang, David Adlersberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

This study was undertaken in order to compare the metabolic behavior of plasma cholesterol de- rived from the diet with that of cholesterol syn- thesized in vAvo from acetate (1).Cholesterol labeled with either isotopic carbon or hydrogen was administered orally to human subjects and the incorporation into plasma cholesterol was fol- lowed over an extended period.In certain in- stances, both endogenous and exogenous choles- terol metabolism were studied simultaneously by the use of appropriately labeled acetate and cho- lesterol.These techniques were also applied to an examination of the behavior of plasma cholesterol in four patients with hypercholesterolemia. EXPERIMENTAL Subjeces.The patients were hospitalized in the James Ewing Hospital unit of Memorial Center; all were in good clinical condition and a summary of pertinent data appears in Table I.Of the seven patients reported, three had normal plasma cholesterol levels and four had hypercholesterolemia of varied etiology.Isotopic materials.The precise dosages of the labeled compounds are recorded in Table I.Cholesterol, either radiohydrogen (tritium or H'), heavy hydrogen (deu- terium or H'), or radiocarbon (C4) labeled, was dis- solved in sesame oil and fed in gelatin capsules.Sodium acetate labeled either with C1' or H' was dissolved in 100 ml. of tap water and given orally.The quantity of radiation delivered by C1' to the patients as well as pre- cautions to be observed in using this isotope in humans have already been described (1).Approximately 6 mil- licuries (mc.) of Ha are required to deliver the tolerance dose of radiation or 0.3 rep.per week, if this isotope were completely retained and equally distributed through TABLE I Clinical data on patient Plasma chestero Ms./Iloo #iL.
Genome assembly comparison identifies structural variants in the human genome
Authors: Razi Khaja, Junjun Zhang, Jeffrey R MacDonald, Yongshu He, Ann M Joseph-George, John Wei, Muhammad A Rafiq, Cheng Qian, Mary Shago, Lorena Pantano, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Keith Jones, Richard Redon, Matthew Hurles, Lluis Armengol, Xavier Estivill, Richard J Mural, Charles Lee, Stephen W Scherer, Lars Feuk
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Validation of the Archimedes Diabetes Model
Authors: David M. Eddy, Leonard Schlessinger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To validate the Archimedes model of diabetes and its complications for a variety of populations, organ systems, treatments, and outcomes.We simulated a variety of randomized controlled trials by repeating in the model the steps taken for the real trials and comparing the results calculated by the model with the results of the trial. Eighteen trials were chosen by an independent advisory committee. Half the trials had been used to help build the model ("internal" or "dependent" validations); the other half had not. Those trials comprise "external" or "independent" validations.A total of 74 validation exercises were conducted involving different treatments and outcomes in the 18 trials. For 71 of the 74 exercises there were no statistically significant differences between the results calculated by the model and the results observed in the trial. Considering only the trials that were never used to help build the model-the independent or external validations-the correlation was r = 0.99. Including all of the exercises, the correlation between the outcomes calculated by the model and the outcomes seen in the trials was r = 0.99. When the absolute differences in outcomes between the control and treatment groups were compared, the correlation coefficient was r = 0.97.The Archimedes diabetes model is a realistic representation of the anatomy, pathophysiology, treatments, and outcomes pertinent to diabetes and its complications for applications that involve the populations, treatments, outcomes, and health care settings spanned by the trials.
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS ON A GALVANIZING TRAIL
Authors: Boyd L. O'Dell
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1998)

This article encompasses my perception of, and experience in, an exciting segment of the trace element era in nutrition research: the role of zinc in the nutrition of animals and humans. Zinc has been a major player on the stage of trace element research, and it has left a trail that galvanized the attention of many researchers, including myself. It is ubiquitous in biological systems, and it plays a multitude of physiologic and biochemical functions. A brief historical overview is followed by a discussion of the contributions the work done in my laboratory has made toward understanding the physiological and biochemical functions of zinc. The effort of 40 years has led to the belief that one of zinc's major roles, and perhaps its first limiting role, is to preserve plasma-membrane function as regards ion channels and signal transduction. Although substantial knowledge has been gained relating to the importance of zinc in nutrition, much remains to be discovered.