tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Reduced Renal Mass and Dietary Protein Intake on Amino Acid Release and Glucose Uptake by Rat Muscle In Vitro
Authors: Herschel R. Harter, Irene E. Karl, Saulo Klahr, David M. Kipnis, Elise Tegtmeyer, Dale F. Osborne, Thomas Howard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Epitrochlearis muscles obtained from normal male Holtzman rats used as controls (C) and rats with reduced renal mass (Nx) fed isocaloric diets of varying protein content were incubated in Krebs-Ringer buffer containing 5 mM glucose for 1 or 3 h with or without insulin.
New Players in the Genetics of Stroke
Authors: Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the most common cause of disability in the world. Its incidence is rising with increasing life expectancy. To relieve the heavy burden of stroke, we need to understand the mechanisms that will form the basis of improved prevention and treatment. Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke is the outcome of a number of different pathophysiological mechanisms, which include cardioembolism, prothrombotic states, and disease of large and small cerebral vessels. Epidemiologic studies involving twins, siblings, or families have found evidence of a genetic influence on stroke. From the clinical point of view, it is . . .
Noninvasively diagnosed peripheral arterial disease as a predictor of mortality: results from a prospective study.
Authors: M H Criqui, S S Coughlin, A Fronek
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Intermittent claudication has been reported in previous studies to approximately double the risk of subsequent mortality. However, a history of claudication is often present in the absence of significant peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and absent in the presence of PAD. For this reason we evaluated the association between large-vessel and small-vessel PAD, measured by highly reliable and valid noninvasive tests, and mortality in 567 older subjects from a defined population followed-up for an average of 4 years. Large-vessel PAD was strongly and significantly predictive of all-cause mortality in both men and women with a relative risk of 4 to 5, and this finding was independent of other cardiovascular disease risk factors in multivariable analysis. In addition, this finding persisted after exclusion of subjects with extant cardiovascular disease at baseline. The associations of both claudication and abnormal peripheral pulses with mortality were weaker than the large-vessel PAD association. Isolated small-vessel PAD was unrelated to subsequent mortality. These findings suggest older subjects of both sexes at a high risk of impending mortality can be identified through noninvasive testing for large-vessel PAD.
Catching Cancer by the Tail: New Perspectives on the Use of Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Chand Khanna, Ira Gordon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research, London and colleagues evaluate a small molecule multiple-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor in dogs with c-kit driven skin cancer. The study represents another example of opportunities to include pet dogs in studies that improve our understanding of human cancer biology and therapy.
Human Treg responses allow sustained recombinant adeno-associated virus–mediated transgene expression
Authors: Christian Mueller, Jeffrey D. Chulay, Bruce C. Trapnell, Margaret Humphries, Brenna Carey, Robert A. Sandhaus, Noel G. McElvaney, Louis Messina, Qiushi Tang, Farshid N. Rouhani, Martha Campbell-Thompson, Ann Dongtao Fu, Anthony Yachnis, David R. Knop, Guo-jie Ye, Mark Brantly, Roberto Calcedo, Suryanarayan Somanathan, Lee P. Richman, Robert H. Vonderheide, Maigan A. Hulme, Todd M. Brusko, James M. Wilson, Terence R. Flotte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have shown promise for the treatment of several diseases; however, immune-mediated elimination of transduced cells has been suggested to limit and account for a loss of efficacy. To determine whether rAAV vector expression can persist long term, we administered rAAV vectors expressing normal, M-type α-1 antitrypsin (M-AAT) to AAT-deficient subjects at various doses by multiple i.m. injections. M-specific AAT expression was observed in all subjects in a dose-dependent manner and was sustained for more than 1 year in the absence of immune suppression. Muscle biopsies at 1 year had sustained AAT expression and a reduction of inflammatory cells compared with 3 month biopsies. Deep sequencing of the TCR Vβ region from muscle biopsies demonstrated a limited number of T cell clones that emerged at 3 months after vector administration and persisted for 1 year. In situ immunophenotyping revealed a substantial Treg population in muscle biopsy samples containing AAT-expressing myofibers. Approximately 10% of all T cells in muscle were natural Tregs, which were activated in response to AAV capsid. These results suggest that i.m. delivery of rAAV type 1-AAT (rAAV1-AAT) induces a T regulatory response that allows ongoing transgene expression and indicates that immunomodulatory treatments may not be necessary for rAAV-mediated gene therapy.
Abstract 11937: Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) and Hepatic Lipase (HL) Gene Polymorphisms Affect HDL-C Concentrations and Particle Size but Not Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux
Authors: Ying Jie Chee, Edmund Chan, Theodore W Ng, Dmitri Sviridov, Paul Nestel, E-Shyong Tai, Sue-Anne Toh
Journal: Circulation (2011)

CETP -629C>A and HL -514C>T polymorphisms are associated with lower CETP and HL transcriptional and enzymatic activities respectively, and higher HDL-C concentrations. We tested the hypothesis that...
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Randall E. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Stanford and colleagues<sup>1</sup>attracted strong media attention to the issue of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and breast cancer risk. Although their epidemiological case-control study found no overall risk increase associated with ERT, the authors did observe "[m]odest increased risk estimates... in thin women who used menopausal hormone therapy." Other investigators also have observed elevations in breast cancer risk associated with ERT in lean postmenopausal women. Our literature search for 1985 to 1995 identified six published epidemiological investigations<sup>1-6</sup>that provided estimates of breast cancer risk associated with ERT in postmenopausal women and stratified on body mass index (BMI). A meta-analysis of the relative risks (RR) for relatively low BMI is shown in Table 1. The estimates of RR show a narrow range (1.3 to 2.2), and the combined data suggest a 70% increase in breast cancer risk associated with ERT in lean
Satiety effects of a physiological dose of cholecystokinin in humans.
Authors: R J Lieverse, J B Jansen, A A Masclee, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1995)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Few countermeasures to treat Yellow Fever virus (YFV) infection are under development, because vaccines have helped to limit new infections. Unfortunately, vaccine hesitancy, supply deficits, and a paucity of therapeutic options have left individuals at risk. Here, we tested potent YFV-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in rodents and non-human primates. We administered antibodies during acute pathogenic YFV infection and demonstrate that we can prevent severe disease and death. Given the severity of YFV-induced disease, our results show that these antibodies could be effective in saving lives and fill a much-needed void in managing Yellow Fever cases during outbreaks around the world. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies prevent death from YFV infection.
THE CLOT-PROMOTING EFFECT OF SOAPS OF LONG-CHAIN SATURATED FATTY ACIDS*
Authors: Robert E. Botti, Oscar D. Ratnoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Soaps of long-chain saturated fatty acids are said to accelerate the coagulation of mammalian plasma (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).Concentrations of soaps compara- ble to the concentration of free fatty acids found in human plasma shorten the recalcified clotting time and accelerate the formation of artificial thrombi in vitro (5, 6).Whether the free fatty acids normally present in human plasma serve a physiologic function in hemostasis is yet to be determined.The mechanisms through which soaps of fatty acids promote clotting have not yet been clarified.Connor (6) proposed that soaps act to initiate clotting, behaving in a manner analogous to glass.Thus he believes that soaps, like glass, activate Hageman factor, an agent present in mammalian plasma.The experiments to be reported here do not support this view.They imply, on the con- trary, that soaps probably act in a unique way by accelerating the formation of activated plasma thromboplastin antecedent (activated PTA) from its precursor, plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA), whether by activated Hageman factor or "spontaneously."Although the concentrations of free fatty acids in plasma may be abnormally high under conditions in which intravascular thrombosis is likely to occur (7, 8), the studies to be de- scribed do not provide evidence for a causal re- lationship. METHODSAll studies were performed with blood, plasma, or plasma fractions that had been collected or prepared in silicone-coated tubes.Unless otherwise noted, direct contact with glass or similar clot-promoting substances was avoided.
Our Knowledge of Vaccination and Revaccination as Preventive of Small-Pox. Part II
Authors: A. Knox
Journal: BMJ (1850)

AN argument, derived from the alleged composition of the lymph, might have been advanced, in confirmation of the identity of the Vaccine and Variolous Diseases, but it has been designedly omitted as prema- ture, until the existence of the phenomena, said to be revealed by the microscope, shall have been confirmed by repeated and careful examina- tion.This part of the subject would, however, be incomplete, without a passing notice of the very interesting observations contributed by Mr. E. Oke Spooner, to the July number (1850) of the Pronincial Medical and Surgical Joumal, p. 367.The purport of that gentleman's views will, however, be best explained in his own words." If we examine the Cow-pock and the Small-pox microscopically, as I have done very carefully in every stage, we find that the essential character consists of a number of minute cells, not exceeding the 10,000th part of an inch in diameter, being about one-fourth smaller than the globules-of the blood, containing within their circumference many still more minute nuclei, and presenting beyond their circum- ference bud-like cells, of the same size and character as those contained in the circle.They exactly resemble in everything, except the size, the globules of the yeast plant, the Torula cerevisie."In conclusion, the leading phenomena of the three forms of Small- pox may be thus grouped with reference to their identity.NATURAL SALL-POX.-General symptoms usually Primary fever, may be tphoid, more usually inflammatory, declining about the fifth day.Eruption of papull on the third day, completed on the fourth; papula gener- ally numerous.Papule vesicular on the fifth day, and containing pellucid lymph.INOCULATED BXALL-POX.Usuay mild.No primary fever.Minute papul on the third day-gerally few in number, and sometimes confined to the puncture or its locality.Vesicular, with clear lymph on the fourth day.VACCnEB SMALL-POX.Almost invariably mild.No primary fever.minute i dpapua on the fourth day; the ermption, with rae ex- ceptionts, fined to the pomnt of operation.VesRle on the fifth day, containing clearlymph.Vesicles depressed in the Vesicles depressed in the Vesicle depressed in the centre. centre.centre.Rednes around the are-Pain of axilla about the Pain of the arm, and o ta,te papulze a aminga sixth day; areola on the sometimes of the axilla, deePer hue, as the pustules ninth or tenth day.Fever, about the eighth or ninth ripen.sometimes severe, about day. the eighth day.Vesicles asume the form By the tenth day, the Areola on the eighth of distinct opaque pustules, primary pustule is full of or ninth day.Fever either spherical or acumin.matter.slight, sometimes inap.
Smoke-Inhalation Injuries
Authors: Robert O. Crapo
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE LETHAL effects of smoke inhalation have been known as far back as the first century AD when Pliny reported that the Romans executed prisoners by placing them over the smoke of green wood fires.<sup>1</sup>The November 1980 fire at the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas serves as a grim reminder of the dangers of fire-related smoke. Most of the 84 deaths and injuries were due to smoke inhalation. In general, about 50% of fire-related deaths are caused by smoke inhalation. Firemen are at particular risk of injury because they are confronted routinely with hazardous fire and smoke situations. Firemen also may have an increased risk of chronic respiratory disorders.<sup>2</sup> "Smoke inhalation injury" is a vague term that should serve to alert medical personnel to the many types of injuries that may occur in such patients. Smoke is a mixture of particulate matter and gases of varying
Heart on the Heart
Authors: Keon-Woong Moon, Ki-Dong Yoo, Ki-Bae Seung, Chul-Min Kim
Journal: Circulation (2005)

A 44-year-old woman presented with exertional dyspnea and atypical chest pain.On physical examination, severe kyphotic deformity was noted.The ECG demonstrated rightaxis deviation and right ventricular hypertrophy.Echocardiography demonstrated normal left ventricular systolic function, no segmental wall-motion abnormality, and mild pulmonary hypertension.The pulmonary function test showed severe restrictive disease.An exercise treadmill test was attempted but terminated at stage 1 because of severe dyspnea.Coronary angiography was performed.A left anterior oblique-caudal view of left coronary angiography with a JL4 catheter showed no stenosis on the epicardial coronary arteries.The left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery made a "heart" on the heart because of the counterclockwise rotation and the anterior displacement of the cardiac apex (Figure).Results of right coronary angiography were normal.The presumptive diagnosis was severe restrictive disease due to chest wall deformity.Left anterior oblique-caudal view of left coronary angiography.The left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery make a "heart" on the heart.
Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitors for Impaired Glucose Tolerance — Is There Still Hope?
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger, Caren G. Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In our increasingly sedentary society, the rates of overnutrition, the metabolic syndrome, and frank diabetes mellitus are rising at an alarming rate.1 Once diabetes has developed, the risks of cardiovascular and renal disease are markedly increased.2 Given the immense costs of diabetes — both personal and economic — considerable attention has been focused on identifying effective strategies to prevent or delay its onset in people at high risk.The benefits of diet and exercise in reducing the risk of diabetes are well accepted. Numerous observational studies have documented that both adiposity and physical inactivity are strong independent risk factors for . . .
Augmented humoral and cellular immune responses to hepatitis B DNA vaccine adsorbed onto cationic microparticles
Authors: Xiaowen He, Lei Jiang, Fang Wang, Zhenyu Xiao, Jun Li, Liu Shankui Liu, Dean Li, Ding Ren, Xiaoqin Jin, Kai Li, Yin He, Ke Shi, Yingjun Guo, Yanan Zhang, Shuhan Sun
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Correlation Between HLA Alleles and EGFR Mutation in Japanese Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Hidetaka Uramoto, Tomoko So, Yoshika Nagata, Koji Kuroda, Yoshiki Shigematsu, Tetsuro Baba, Tetsuya So, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Takeshi Hanagiri, Kosei Yasumoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
First Biosimilar Product Approved
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2279: The response of breast cancer cell lines to HET0016 alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics
Authors: Tiffani Slaughter, Barak W. Gunter, Fan Fan, Chenghui Huang, Antonio Pannuti, Rodney C. Baker, John R. Falck, Lucio Miele, Richard J. Roman, Roy J. Duhe
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract One of the vexing problems in controlling breast cancer is the emergence of acquired endocrine-resistance in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers that initially respond to endocrine therapy. Published reports suggest there is a close overlap between the signal transduction pathways affected by 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and those which may confer endocrine-resistance. Preliminary data indicate that 20-HETE-targeted drugs have direct cytotoxic and indirect anti-angiogenic effects on multiple carcinomas, and they therefore might be extended to unsolved problems in breast cancer control. Yet almost nothing is known about the specific role(s) of 20-HETE in either healthy breast tissue or in breast cancer. We observed that treatment of certain tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cell lines with HET0016, a compound which inhibits the biosynthesis of 20-HETE, restores sensitivity to tamoxifen in cell culture. We are elucidating the signal transduction pathways involved in this phenomenon. We also observed that certain human breast cancer cell lines with intrinsic tamoxifen resistance (such as the “triple-negative” MDA-MB-468 cell line) express cytochrome P450 isoforms essential for the synthesis of 20-HETE, and we are evaluating whether we can exploit a synergistic effect of HET0016 with anti-cancer drugs currently used to treat aggressive “triple-negative” breast cancers which have an intrinsic resistance to endocrine therapy. We hypothesize that a 20-HETE-targeted agent such as HET0016 will provide an additional anti-cancer benefit due to its anti-angiogenic activities, and we are further exploring the characteristics of breast cancers that may be susceptible to combination therapy involving HET0016 and related compounds. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2279. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2279
How to read a paper: Assessing the methodological quality of published papers
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Before changing your practice in the light of a published research paper, you should decide whether the methods used were valid. This article considers five essential questions that should form the basis of your decision.

Only a tiny proportion of medical research breaks entirely new ground, and an equally tiny proportion repeats exactly the steps of previous workers. The vast majority of research studies will tell us, at best, that a particular hypothesis is slightly more or less likely to be correct than it was before we added our piece to the wider jigsaw. Hence, it may be perfectly valid to do a study which is, on the face of it, “unoriginal.” Indeed, the whole science of meta-analysis depends on the literature containing more than one study that has addressed a question in much the same way.

The practical question to ask, then, about a new piece of research is not “Has anyone ever done a similar study?” but “Does this new research add to the literature in any way?” For example:

Before assuming that the results of a paper are applicable to your own practice, ask yourself …
"Medical Appendix" in Children and Adults
Authors: R. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1939)

It is well recognized that an abnormal appendix may give rise to abdominal symptoms which do not at all clearly suggest that they owe their origin to the condition of the appendix itself.Such cases may be found in both children and adults, and I am here attempting to classify them into types for their easier recognition and to discuss their diagnosis.Such syndromes as I am concerned with are often spoken of as those -of "appendix dyspepsia," but some at least of the cases do not at all well simulate anything that would pass as "dyspepsia," and I have therefore used the term "medical appendix" to empha- size that it is characteristic for this type of case to come up for diagnosis to the physician rather than to the surgeon.* A British Medical Association lecture given before the Bath, Bristol, and Somerset Branch at Taunton on November 2, 1938.up the same hypersecretion and pylorospasm as an ulcer.Radiologically, too, much the same picture may be seen in
Post-acute care and secondary prevention after ischaemic stroke
Authors: K. S. McArthur, T. J. Quinn, P. Higgins, P. Langhorne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In the first part of this two part review (BMJ 2011;342:d1938) we discussed acute diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular events.Much of the focus of recent research, public health initiatives, and health policy has been around acute and hyperacute management of stroke.However, important goals of stroke care are to maximise functional recovery and prevent recurrent events.Here we draw on evidence from randomised trials and meta-analyses to discuss models of care, rehabilitation, and secondary prevention in stroke.An important aspect of post-acute stroke care is rehabilitation.Rehabilitation research remains a "young" science, although an evidence base is emerging.As we make progress in this field, we need a common language to describe this important intervention.In the box we offer our own definition of stroke rehabilitation, although others may offer differing suggestions.Many questions remain unanswered regarding timing, optimal components, and frequency and intensity of rehabilitation.Further discussion of rehabilitation as a concept or rehabilitation theory specific to stroke is beyond the scope of this article, but recent high quality publications on the subject are available.w1 w2 This review will focus on the early period after stroke.Effective early intervention may affect longer term outcomes, w3 with combined analysis of three UK stroke cohorts (n=7710 patients) showing that long term survival is predicted by functional outcome at six months.w4 Most interventional research in stroke has focused on these first days to months after a stroke event, whereas health needs and management of stroke survivors outside of this period has received little attention.This is unfortunate in a cohort with high incidence of residual disability and often complex comorbidity, and more work is needed to inform practice and policy. How should I assess a patient who has survived a stroke?Assessment in the first days after stroke will guide subsequent management.The aims are to ascertain the pathology and mechanism of the stroke, identify post-stroke complications, and describe initial impairments.