tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Mercury Monitoring within the Japanese and Korean Communities (United States): Implications for Exposure Determination and Public Health Protection
Authors: Ami Tsuchiya, Thomas A. Hinners, Finn Krogstad, Jim W. White, Thomas M. Burbacher, Elaine M. Faustman, Koenraad Mariën
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Estimates of exposure to toxicants are predominantly obtained from single time-point data. Fish consumption guidance based on these data may be incomplete, as recommendations are unlikely to consider impact from factors such as intraindividual variability, seasonal differences in consumption behavior, and species consumed.We studied populations of Korean (n = 108) and Japanese (n = 106) women living in the Puget Sound area in Washington State to estimate mercury exposure based on fish intake and hair Hg levels at two and three time points, respectively. Our goals were to examine changes in hair Hg levels, fish intake behavior, and Hg body burden over time; and to determine if data from multiple time points could improve guidance.More than 50 fish species were consumed, with eight species representing approximately three-fourths of fish consumed by the Japanese and 10 species representing approximately four-fifths of fish intake by the Koreans. Fish species responsible for most Hg intake did not change over time; < 10 species accounted for most of the Hg body burden in each population. Longitudinal variability of hair Hg levels changed slowly across the study period. Japanese with hair Hg levels > 1.2 ppm (mean, 2.2 ppm) consumed approximately 150% more fish than those with levels < or = 1.2 ppm (mean, 0.7 ppm). However, because many participants consumed substantial amounts of fish while having hair-Hg levels < or = 1.2 ppm, the nutritional benefits offered from fish consumption should be obtainable without exceeding the RfD. We observed a 100% difference in fish intake between open-ended and 2-week recall fish consumption surveys. Open-ended survey data better represent Hg intake as determined from hair Hg levels. Single time-point fish intake data appear to be adequate for deriving guidance, but caution is warranted, as study is required to determine the significance of the different outcomes observed using the two survey time frames.
Abstract 1575: Bortezomib selectively induces apoptosis in hematological malignant cells through down-regulation of phospho-Akt independent of its proteasome inhibitory activity
Authors: Chun-Yu Liu, Chung-Wai Shiau, Ann-Lii Cheng, Hsin-Yu Kuo, Cheng-Hwai Tzeng, Kuen-Feng Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor (PI), has excellent clinical activity in patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Our previous study has shown that down-regulation of phospho-Akt (P-Akt) plays a key role in determining the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. (Cancer Res, 2008). Here, we further examined whether P-Akt is associated with the drug sensitivity of hematological malignant cells toward bortezomib. Methods: Several hematological malignant cell lines were used for in vitro studies. Apoptosis was examined by both flow cytometry and Western blot. Signal transduction pathways in cells were assessed by Western Blot. Gene silencing was done by small interference RNA (siRNA). Results: Bortezomib induced apoptosis in association with down-regulation of P-Akt in a dose- and time-dependent manner in sensitive cells (HL-60) but not in resistant K562 cells. Down-regulation of Akt1 by small interference RNA overcame the apoptotic resistance to bortezomib in K562 cells whereas a constitutively activated Akt1 protected HL-60 cells from bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Importantly, bortezomib showed the similar inhibition of the proteasome activity in both sensitive and resistant cells, suggesting that bortezomib-induced apoptotic effect may not depend on its proteasome inhibitory effect. Conclusions: Down-regulation of P-Akt plays an important role in bortezomib-induced apoptosis in hematological malignancies. Targeting on Akt signaling, either directly or through upstream regulation, provides an attractive approach to overcome bortezomib resistance in certain hematological malignancies. Supported by VGHTPE 99DHA0100332 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1575.
Hell's Fire and Varicella-Vaccine Safety
Authors: Stanley A. Plotkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

That varicella and zoster have the same origin has been known since the work of Von Bokay in Budapest late in the last century. The final proof was obtained by Weller,1 who demonstrated that both diseases were caused by a single virus, the varicella–zoster virus. It appeared that the virus became latent after varicella infection and was later reactivated to produce zoster, an inference that has been confirmed by endonuclease analysis of viral DNA.2 The pathogenesis of zoster is only partly understood,3 and such understanding as we have depends to some extent on analogy with its cousin, recurrent herpes simplex. . . .
Harmonization of BCR-ABL mRNA quantification using a uniform multifunctional control plasmid in 37 international laboratories
Authors: M C Müller, P Erben, G Saglio, E Gottardi, C G Nyvold, T Schenk, T Ernst, S Lauber, J Kruth, R Hehlmann, A Hochhaus
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: M Di Francia, D Barbier, J L Mege, J Orehek
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Unexplained weight loss is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine causing cachexia in laboratory animals, are elevated in various human diseases associated with weight loss. We therefore prospectively measured TNF-alpha serum levels (immunoradiometric assay) in patients with clinically stable COPD (n = 30; all male; mean age, 65 yr) whose weight was less (Group I; n = 16) or more (Group II; n = 14) than the lower limit of normal taken from Metropolitan Life Insurance Company tables. The patients had no cause known to elevate TNF-alpha serum levels; notably, they were not infected. Group I patients had unintentionally lost weight during the previous year, whereas the weight of Group II patients had not changed during the same period. The two groups had similar chronic airflow obstruction and arterial blood gas impairment; hyperinflation and reduction in diffusing capacity were more pronounced in Group I, but differences were not significant. TNF-alpha serum levels (pg/ml; mean [SD]) were significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (70.2 [100.0] versus 6.7 [6.4]; p < 0.001). Group II TNF-alpha serum levels did not differ significantly from those of healthy subjects (7.8 [3.9]), whereas those of Group I were significantly higher (p < 0.001). Because renal function was in the normal range, we conclude that increased TNF-alpha production--and not decreased TNF-alpha clearance--is a likely cause of weight loss in patients with COPD.
A case of rheumatoid arthritis with protein losing enteropathy induced by multiple diaphragmatic strictures of the small intestine: successful treatment by bougieing under double-balloon enteroscopy
Authors: Y Kamata
Journal: Gut (2006)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most favoured for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but they sometimes induce inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.1 Approximately 75% of patients receiving long term NSAIDs develop inflammation in the small intestine that in rare cases results in protein losing enteropathy.2,3 Furthermore, NSAIDs can bring about diaphragmatic strictures in the small intestine as a consequence of ulcer healing.

We report here a patient with RA who had multiple diaphragmatic strictures in the small intestine and subsequent protein losing enteropathy, probably due to long term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use. Her intestinal stricture and protein losing enteropathy, however, were successfully corrected by bougieing under double balloon enteroscopy without resort to surgical resection.

A 57 year old …
Ageing workforce will exacerbate NHS staffing crisis
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The staffing crisis in the UK health service is set to deepen, unless serious attempts are made to stave off the anticipated retirement of 15% of its workforce within the next decade, finds a new report from the independent think tank, the King's Fund.

The NHS urgently needs to direct its efforts to retaining older, experienced staff, with more flexible working policies and pension arrangements, says the report, published this week.

About 150000 of the one million NHS workforce is aged 50 or older, and therefore eligible for early retirement. The Employers Forum …
Volunteer counsellors for supporting breast feeding: Peer support is worth further investigation
Authors: Carol M A Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We need not be too pessimistic about the potential of volunteer counsellors in supporting breastfeeding mothers. Graffy et al examined only a fairly limited intervention, which relied heavily on the new mother to suspect a breastfeeding problem and initiate contact with a counsellor.1

A woman …
Nitric Oxide: A Physiologic Messenger
Authors: Charles J. Lowenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To review the physiologic role of nitric oxide, an unusual messenger molecule that mediates blood vessel relaxation, neurotransmission, and pathogen suppression. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search of articles published from 1987 to 1993 that addressed nitric oxide and the enzyme that synthesizes it, nitric oxide synthase. Study Selection: Animal and human studies were selected from 3044 articles to analyze the clinical importance of nitric oxide. Descriptions of the structure and function of nitric oxide synthase were selected to show how nitric oxide acts as a biological messenger molecule. Data Extraction: Biochemical and physiologic studies were analyzed if the same results were found by three or more independent observers. Data Synthesis: Two major classes of nitric oxide synthase enzymes produce nitric oxide. The constitutive isoforms found in endothelial cells and neurons release small amounts of nitric oxide for brief periods to signal adjacent cells, whereas the inducible isoform found in macrophages releases large amounts of nitric oxide continuously to eliminate bacteria and parasites. By diffusing into adjacent cells and binding to enzymes that contain iron, nitric oxide plays many important physiologic roles. It regulates blood pressure, transmits signals between neurons, and suppresses pathogens. Excess amounts, however, can damage host cells, causing neurotoxicity during strokes and causing the hypotension associated with sepsis. Conclusions: Nitric oxide is a simple molecule with many physiologic roles in the cardiovascular, neurologic, and immune systems. Although the general principles of nitric oxide synthesis are known, further research is necessary to determine what role it plays in causing disease.
Xanthelasma is Associated with Increased Amount of Epicardial Adipose Tissue
Authors: Ali Rıza Akyüz, Mustafa Tarık Ağaç, Turhan Turan, Sinan Şahin, Selim Kul, Levent Korkmaz, Musluhittin Emre Erkuş, Hakan Erkan, Şükrü Çelik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
1996 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES
Authors: LONNIE R. Bristow
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Effect on Surrogates of Making Treatment Decisions for Others
Authors: Jeffrey T. Berger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters2 August 2011The Effect on Surrogates of Making Treatment Decisions for OthersJeffrey T. Berger, MDJeffrey T. Berger, MDFrom Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-3-201108020-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their important systematic review, Wendler and Rid (1) highlight an underappreciated phenomenon in clinical care. Surrogates operate under substantial stress, which affects the quality of their decisions as well as the quality of their relationships with their ill relatives and other family members.Many families whom clinicians label as “difficult” merely have their capacity to cope overwhelmed by these stressors. An important strategy for addressing these challenging families and their decisions that often seem unreasonable is to explicitly recognize and validate the surrogates' emotional burdens. This step alone is often sufficient to mitigate incapacitating loads and ...Reference1. Wendler D, Rid A. Systematic review: the effect on surrogates of making treatment decisions for others. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:336-46. [PMID: 21357911] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jeffrey T. Berger, MDAffiliations: From Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSystematic Review: The Effect on Surrogates of Making Treatment Decisions for Others David Wendler and Annette Rid Music Lessons: What Musicians Can Teach Doctors (and Other Health Professionals) Frank Davidoff The Effect on Surrogates of Making Treatment Decisions for Others Ramon S. Dunkin The Effect on Surrogates of Making Treatment Decisions for Others Jerry L. Goddard Metrics 2 August 2011Volume 155, Issue 3Page: 206KeywordsConflicts of interestDecision makingEmotionsPalliative careSystematic reviews ePublished: 2 August 2011 Issue Published: 2 August 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2853: Discovery of phosphatases that regulate growth and tumorigenicity of ER-negative breast cancers
Authors: Petra den Hollander, Abhijit Mazumdar, Anna Tsimelzon, Susan Hilsenbeck, Jenny Chang, Gordon Mills, Powel Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: As the leading cause of cancer-related death in women, there is an urgent need to identify therapeutic means for breast cancer in women. 60-70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER) and respond to therapies targeting this receptor. The remaining 30-40% of breast cancers that do not express this receptor are cannot be treated with these therapies. To identify novel targets for treatment, we are investigating growth-regulatory pathways in ER-negative breast cancers. The goal is to identify phosphatases that are critical for the growth and tumorigenicity of ER-negative breast cancer. Methods: To identify signaling pathways important in ER-negative breast cancer, we used Affymetrix microarray data obtained from profiling 221 ER-negative and 56 ER-positive breast cancers from the Baylor College of Medicine Tumor Bank. We then performed supervised cluster analysis to identify phosphatases that were differentially expressed in ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancers. This analysis identified 20 phosphatases upregulated (&amp;gt;1.5-fold; FDR=0.05), and 29 phosphatases down-regulated (&amp;lt; 0.66-fold, FDR=0.05) in ER-negative breast cancers as compared to ER-positive breast cancers. Specific siRNA were used to knock-down each of the 20 highly expressed phosphatases in 4 ER-negative, 4 ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, HMECs immortalized with TERT, and HMECs. Cell growth was measured by cell count, and anchorage-independent growth was tested with the soft agar assay. Colonies were counted after 14 days with the Gelcount software. Results: Of the 20 overexpressed phosphatases, 9 showed significant growth reduction after treatment with siRNA in at least 2 of the 4 ER-negative breast cancer cell lines. These 9 phosphatases are now being tested in anchorage-independent growth assays. Based on our results, 3 phosphatases (ACP1, PTP4A3, and CDC25B) have been selected for further study. These are now being tested for their transforming capability in in vitro and in vivo transformation and tumorigenicity assays. Conclusion: We identified a set of phosphatases highly over-expressed in ER-negative breast cancer, and showed that a sub-set of these phosphatases are critical for anchorage-dependent and -independent breast cancer cell growth. These studies have identified critical growth-regulatory phosphatases in ER-negative breast tumors that may be novel targets for the treatment of ER-negative breast cancer. Supported by Komen Promise grant KG081694 (PHB) &amp; Komen SAB grant SAB08-00006 (PHB). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2853. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2853
Immunoglobulin E–independent Major Histocompatibility Complex–restricted T Cell Peptide Epitope–induced Late Asthmatic Reactions
Authors: Brigitte M. Haselden, A. Barry Kay, Mark Larché
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Intradermal administration of short overlapping peptides derived from chain 1 of the cat allergen Fel d 1 (FC1P) that did not cross-link IgE, elicited isolated late asthmatic reactions with no visible early or late cutaneous response in 9/40 cat-allergic asthmatics. Four of the nine were human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen DR13–positive, as compared with only 1/31 nonreactors. The other five reactors expressed either DR1 or DR4. To confirm major histocompatibility complex restriction, fibroblast cell lines transfected with HLA-DR molecules were used to present FC1Ps to cat allergen–specific T cell lines derived from subjects before peptide injection. FC1P3 (peptide 28–44 of Fel d 1 chain 1) was recognized in the context of DR13 alleles (DRB1*1301, 1302) and induced specific T cell proliferation and IL-5 production. T cells from a DR1+ responder proliferated and produced IL-5 in the presence of FC1P3 and DR1 (DRB1*0101) fibroblast cell lines, whereas T cells from a DR4+ subject recognized FC1P2 (peptide 22–37) when presented by DRB1*0405. We conclude that short, allergen-derived peptides can directly initiate a major histocompatibility complex–restricted, T cell–dependent late asthmatic reaction, without the requirement for an early IgE/mast cell–dependent response, in sensitized asthmatic subjects.
871. rAAV2-Mediated Gene Expression in Primary Cortical Neural Cells Following Inhibition of DNA Synthesis and/or EGFR Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Young Ran Nam, Sung Jin Kim, Chul-Hyen Joo, Yoo Kyum Kim, Heuiran Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors, derived from a dependent human parvovirus, can transduce non-dividing normal cells to yield long-term transgene expression associated with a minimal immunological response. Among these vectors, a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 vector (rAAV2) is capable of transducing neural cells, making it an important potential vector for delivery of therapeutic genes into neural cells for treatment of CNS disease. However, the transduction efficiency (TE) of rAAV2 in neural cells is not optimal for most therapeutic needs. Recently, we showed that co-treatment with genotoxic agent hydroxyurea (HU) and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Tyr-1 dramatically increased the TE of rAAV2 in various human cancer cells of different origins. Here, we investigated whether these same chemical co-treatments could enhance rAAV2 transduction efficiency in primary cortical neural cells. Unexpectedly, pretreatment of cells with HU and/or Tyr-1, did not improve TE. SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinomar cells expressing dramatic increase in rAAV2 transduction following chemical combination, experienced both significant release from G1/G0 phase and phosphorylation of p38, whereas no in neural cells. Thus, our results suggest that chemical pretreatment with HU/Tyr-1 is unable to increase rAAV2 TE in neural cells, indicating that other strategies should be investigated.
Polymorphisms in FKBP5 are associated with increased recurrence of depressive episodes and rapid response to antidepressant treatment
Authors: Elisabeth B Binder, Daria Salyakina, Peter Lichtner, Gabriele M Wochnik, Marcus Ising, Benno Pütz, Sergi Papiol, Shaun Seaman, Susanne Lucae, Martin A Kohli, Thomas Nickel, Heike E Künzel, Brigitte Fuchs, Matthias Majer, Andrea Pfennig, Nikola Kern, Jürgen Brunner, Sieglinde Modell, Thomas Baghai, Tobias Deiml, Peter Zill, Brigitta Bondy, Rainer Rupprecht, Thomas Messer, Oliver Köhnlein, Heike Dabitz, Tanja Brückl, Nina Müller, Hildegard Pfister, Roselind Lieb, Jakob C Mueller, Elin Lõhmussaar, Tim M Strom, Thomas Bettecken, Thomas Meitinger, Manfred Uhr, Theo Rein, Florian Holsboer, Bertram Muller-Myhsok
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Translating Research into the Rapid Expansion of Services in Kenya, 2008–2011
Authors: Zebedee Mwandi, Anne Murphy, Jason Reed, Kipruto Chesang, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli, Kawango Agot, Emma Llewellyn, Charles Kirui, Kennedy Serrem, Isaac Abuya, Mores Loolpapit, Regina Mbayaki, Ndungu Kiriro, Peter Cherutich, Nicholas Muraguri, John Motoku, Jack Kioko, Nancy Knight, Naomi Bock
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Zebedee Mwandi and colleagues discuss Kenya's scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision services, highlighting government leadership, a clear implementation strategy, and program flexibility and innovation as keys to Kenya's success.
Small-Cell Carcinoma in the Setting of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: New Insights in the Era of Molecular Pathology
Authors: Emma Norkowski, Maria-Rosa Ghigna, Ludovic Lacroix, Thierry Le Chevalier, Élie Fadel, Philippe Dartevelle, Peter Dorfmuller, Vincent Thomas de Montpréville
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)