tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Human Helper T Cell Function In Vitro by d-Penicillamine and CuSO4
Authors: Peter E. Lipsky, Morris Ziff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The effect of d-penicillamine (Pen) and mixtures of Pen and copper sulfate on the capacity of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to generate immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in response to the T-cell-dependent polyclonal B-cell activators pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was examined. PBM obtained from normal individuals were incubated for 1-2 h at 37°C with medium alone, Pen, CuSO4, or a mixture of Pen and CuSO4. After washing, the cells were incubated for 6-7 d with PWM or SPA and then, with a reverse hemolytic plaque assay, assayed for the number of ISC generated. Preincubation of PBM with either Pen (100 μg/ml) or CuSO4 (2 μg/ml) did not alter the subsequent capacity of the cells to generate ISC in response to PWM or SPA. In contrast, responsiveness to both mitogens was nearly abolished when PBM were similarly preincubated with a mixture of Pen and CuSO4. Inhibition of responsiveness could not be ascribed to cell death, carry-over of the inhibitors, or an alteration in the concentration of PWM or the length of incubation yielding maximum responses. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that Pen and CuSO4 preincubation had not caused augmented suppressor cell function. Experiments in which PBM were separated into adherent and nonadherent populations indicated that Pen and CuSO4 preincubation inhibited the responsiveness of the nonadherent cells but did not alter the accessory cell function of monocytes. To determine whether Pen and CuSO4 preincubation effected T- or B-cell function, PBM were separated into B- and T-cell-enriched populations, individually preincubated with Pen and CuSO4, and then co-cultured with PWM. The results indicated that Pen and CuSO4 markedly inhibited helper T-cell function and had little effect on the capacity of B cells to generate ISC. The observation that in the presence of CuSO4 Pen inhibits helper T-cell activity may, in part, explain the therapeutic efficacy of Pen in rheumatoid arthritis and especially the capacity of Pen therapy to decrease antiglobulin titers in treated patients.
The Correlation Between the Electrocardiographic Patterns of Ventricular Hypertrophy and the Anatomic Findings
Authors: RALPH C. SCOTT
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The correlation of the electrocardiogram with anatomic evidence of ventricular hypertrophy, while laden with numerous pitfalls, still remains the best available means of determining the accuracy of the electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy. In 100 instances of isolated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) demonstrated at autopsy, a positive electrocardiographic diagnosis was made in 85 per cent by use of conventional criteria. However, in other studies designed to test the reliability of these criteria, it was found that a false-positive diagnosis was made in 10 to 15 per cent of the cases. The electrocardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is more difficult. In electrocardiographic studies, confirmed by autopsies, the correlation has ranged from 23 to 100 per cent, while the number of false-positive diagnoses has been as high as 33 per cent. The correct electrocardiographic diagnosis is more frequent in RVH due to congenital heart disease than to acquired heart disease. The significance of the rSR' pattern in right precordial leads is discussed. Its occurrence in anatomic RVH and the problem of the electrocardiographic diagnosis of RVH in the presence of right bundle-branch block (RBBB) are reviewed. Combined ventricular hypertrophy (CVH) is frequently missed in the electrocardiogram, the diagnosis having been made in only 8 to 26 per cent of cases proved at autopsy. The unreliability of the electrocardiographic diagnosis of LVH in the presence of left bundle-branch block (LBBB) is documented. The precise electrophysiologic phenomena that occur in ventricular hypertrophy are still largely conjectural. The more commonly accepted hypotheses are reviewed. The lack of close correlation between ventricular wall thickness or respective ventricular muscle mass and the individual electrocardiographic patterns is emphasized. The possible explanations for some of these discrepancies are presented.
"HORMONES AND GENETICS": BEING A CONSIDERATION OF SOME OF THE FACTORS CONCERNED IN THE RESPONSE MADE BY CERTAIN TISSUE CELLS TO HORMONIC INFLUENCES
Authors: C. J. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1933)

Certain facts, such as, for example, the high incidence "HORMONES AND GENETICS"* of cretinism in certain Swiss valleys, in which extensive inbreeding of the population has occurred, do point to the
Beyond the immediate tumor microenvironment: distinct T cell phenotype and function of tumor-adjacent healthy breast tissue associated with regional metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Yi Guo, Alfred Chan, Ingrid Cely, Jaime Shamonki, Michelle Kinnaird, Maggie DiNome, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Peter Sieling, Delphine Lee
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts While current breast cancer staging includes lymph node involvement as a key indicator of prognosis, little is known about how healthy tissue surrounding the immediate tumor microenvironment contributes to the loco-regional spread of disease. Previous studies of the role of the
Internal-Thoracic-Artery Grafts — Biologically Better Coronary Arteries
Authors: Floyd D. Loop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The development of internal-thoracic-artery grafting is the most remarkable achievement in coronary-artery surgery. In the past two decades, numerous studies have confirmed that the patency rate of internal-thoracic-artery grafts is excellent and that they result in an improvement in survival of 10 to 30 percent and greater freedom from major cardiac events, as compared with the rates in patients whose bypass surgery was performed with vein grafts only. What the early proponents of the internal-thoracic-artery bypass graft did not realize is that an important feature of this arterial conduit is relative immunity from atherosclerosis, a characteristic not found in either . . .
Risk of overestimation of free malondialdehyde in perfused rat hearts due to homogenization artifacts
Authors: R. J.A.M. Verbunt, J. M. Egas, A. Van der Laarse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The aims of the present study were to determine (1) whether free malondialdehyde (MDA) was artifactually formed during homogenization of myocardial tissue and (2) whether free MDA was increased in reperfused rat hearts.Groups of isolated buffer-perfused rat hearts were subjected to control perfusion, or 20 min of ischemia, or 20 min of ischemia followed by 5 or 30 min of reperfusion. The hearts were subsequently assayed for free MDA by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography following homogenization in the absence or presence of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (0.01%).Tissue homogenates prepared in the absence of butylated hydroxytoluene contained significantly higher (P < 0.001) free MDA levels than tissue homogenates from the same hearts prepared in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene. Free MDA levels of tissue homogenates prepared in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene were below the detection limit (20 pmol/mg protein) in 27 of 30 tissue homogenates, irrespective of the perfusion protocol. Control experiments showed that the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene did not interfere with the detection of free MDA.These results indicate that free MDA was formed artifactually during tissue homogenization in the absence of butylated hydroxytoluene. Furthermore, free MDA could not be detected in perfused rat hearts after control perfusion, or 20 min of ischemia, or 20 min of ischemia followed by 5 or 30 min of reperfusion.
The ups and downs of high altitude mountaineering
Authors: Damian Miles Bailey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Editor,—Professor Craig Sharp delighted us with a recent account of his world record ascent of Mt Kilimanjaro in the 1960s and voiced his concerns about the physiological dangers inherent in such a feat;1 the madness and exuberance of youth! It is interesting to note that this record was established during the height of one of the most unforgettable debates in mountaineering history provoked by the initial uncertainties of Barcroft, Margaria, and Henderson, the possibility of an “oxygenless” ascent of Mt Everest. The epochal ascent without supplemental oxygen by Messner in 1978 subsequently put paid …
Symptomatic Treatment of Painful Neuropathy
Authors: Phillip A. Low, Rose M. Dotson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bereavement and cancer: some data on deaths of spouses from the longitudinal study of Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.
Authors: D R Jones, P O Goldblatt, D A Leon
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Registration of cancer and mortality after the death of a spouse were assessed using data from the longitudinal study of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS). The study population comprised 1% of the people counted in England and Wales in the 1971 census, for whom data on subsequent vital events were linked with their census records. There was little evidence of an increase in registrations of cancer after the death of a spouse and only a slight suggestion of increased mortality from cancer. For other causes of death there was some evidence of increases in mortality during widow(er)hood. In so far as the death of a spouse is often a very stressful event, these data may be interpreted as providing little support for the hypothesis that stress is implicated in the aetiology of cancer.
Urinary Adiponectin Is an Independent Predictor of Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Nicolae M. Panduru, Markku Saraheimo, Carol Forsblom, Lena M. Thorn, Daniel Gordin, Johan Wadén, Nina Tolonen, Angelika Bierhaus, Per M. Humpert, Per-Henrik Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE We investigated the predictive value of urinary adiponectin (uADP) for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) as well as for the principal determinants of uADP concentrations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS uADP was measured in 2,090 patients with type 1 diabetes followed for a median of 5.8 (4.4–6.9) years and in 111 subjects without diabetes. Progression was defined as a change in albuminuria (albumin excretion rate [AER]) to a higher stage or development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Various Cox regression and competing risk models were used to evaluate the predictive value of uADP for DN progression. The added predictive benefit to AER or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI), and other statistical indexes. The determinants of uADP were investigated by multiple regression analyses. RESULTS uADP was an independent predictor of progression to ESRD (hazard ratio 1.60, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and was an even better predictor than AER (P = 0.04) or as good as eGFR (P = 0.79). Furthermore, uADP added a significant benefit when used together with AER (NRI 0.794, P = 0.03; IDI 0.115, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) or eGFR (NRI 0.637, P &amp;lt; 0.001; IDI 0.087, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The common determinants of uADP were glycemic control, tubular injury, and AER. CONCLUSIONS uADP is a strong independent predictor of DN progression from macroalbuminuria to ESRD and adds a significant predictive benefit to current biomarkers in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Tietze's Disease of Eight Years' Duration
Authors: Herbert Ausubel, Burton D. Cohen, John S. LaDue
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN 1921 Tietze1 described 4 cases of a painful, nonsuppurative swelling of one or more costal cartilages associated with local tenderness that regressed spontaneously. Kayser,2 in 1956, reviewed the world literature and found 159 such cases in which symptoms had been present for one week to five years. Karon et al.3 reported 13 cases in which the duration of symptoms ranged from three days to three years at the time of examination. The prolonged course and dramatic response to therapy prompted the following case report.Case ReportA 73-year-old widow was admitted to Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases . . .
Temporal Arteritis: A New Form
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Temporal arteritis has long been known as an age-related disease seldom occurring before age 50. The onset may be abrupt, with throbbing pain in the temporal region. The artery is usually tortuous and thickened but on occasion may be entirely pulseless. The disease is sometimes accompanied by polymyalgia rheumatica, a condition in which there is pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and back, and sometimes in the pelvic girdle. Stiffness may be so severe that patients can scarcely get out of bed in the morning after a night's sleep. Except for a decided increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, systemic manifestations are not observed. Biopsy specimen of the affected temporal artery shows a chronic inflammatory process characterized by the presence of giant cells. The disease responds nicely to corticosteroid therapy, which should invariably be used because there is real danger of blindness in one or both eyes. In this
Pneumonia and Acute Febrile Tracheobronchitis Due to Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: DANIEL M. MUSHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Of 30 patients with pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae, 26 had infection due to nontypable and 4 due to typable organisms. Biotype I isolates were implicated with surprising frequency. Blood cultures were positive in six patients. An additional 14 patients, all with nontypable H. influenzae infection, had febrile purulent tracheobronchitis that was clinically indistinguishable from pneumonia except for the absence of a radiographic infiltrate; none were bacteremic. Penicillin susceptibility was shown for 95% of isolates, and response to ampicillin was prompt. Patients had high serum levels of bactericidal antibody on admission but had lower levels of serum opsonizing activity against their own organism than did uninfected carriers with chronic bronchitis; 2 to 3 weeks later, levels of opsonizing antibody had risen to equal those of carriers. Deficient opsonizing activity may have contributed to susceptibility to infection. These findings identify both host and bacterial factors that may cause susceptibility to pulmonary infection from H. influenzae.
Doctors can reduce the harmful effects of poverty
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Strong evidence exists to show that action taken by doctors, other health workers, and politicians can reduce the harmful effects of poverty on health, said Professor Trevor Sheldon, director of the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, at a conference in London last week.

A randomised controlled trial undertaken in Gary, Indiana, that guaranteed a minimum income to pregnant women in low income families by using a negative income tax showed a significant increase in birth weight. Other trials of nutrition support sponsored by the state have also shown significant improvements in child health.

Children constitute …
Metabolic Modification of Parkinson's Disease and of Chronic Manganese Poisoning
Authors: G C Cotzias, P S Papavasiliou, J Ginos, A Steck, S Duby
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1971)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Alleviation of myocardial ischaemia after administration of the cardioselective beta adrenoceptor antagonist bevantolol
Authors: J. M HARTOG, P. D VERDOUW
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

A 15 min reduction in blood flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery to 35% of baseline in open chest anaesthetised pigs produced a 25% decrease in cardiac output and a similar fall in maximum left ventricular dP/dt, whereas left ventricular filling pressure increased from 10(1) to 14(1) mmHg. The decrease in perfusion of the myocardial area nourished by the left anterior descending coronary artery was not evenly distributed since the endocardial to epicardial flow ratio decreased from 0.93(0.07) to 0.48(0.06). Regional myocardial wall thickening of the ischaemic segment decreased from 0.36(0.03) to 0.14(0.03), whereas the arterial-coronary venous differences in pH and PCO2 tripled. Subsequently, eight animals received 1.5 mg X kg-1 of the cardioselective beta adrenoceptor antagonist bevantolol, whereas seven other animals were treated with the solvent. In the following 15 min the cardiovascular performance of the solvent treated animals did not change appreciably, although there was a tendency to further deterioration. Bevantolol did not improve transmural myocardial blood flow to the ischaemic zone but caused a redistribution in favour of the endocardial layers since the endocardial to epicardial flow ratio almost returned to baseline. These changes in flow were accompanied by a narrowing of the arterial-coronary venous differences in pH and PCO2, but regional myocardial function did not improve. In another series of experiments, however, bevantolol (1.5 mg X kg-1) decreased the velocity of regional wall thickening of normal myocardium by 22(2)% as a result of its negative inotropic properties. Thus bevantolol appears to alleviate ischaemia, and the increase in diastolic perfusion time (17%) may be one of the major mechanisms.
Abstract P4-17-02: Guidelines for the definitions of time-to-event endpoints in randomized clinical trials: Results of the datecan project for breast group
Authors: S Gourgou-Bourgade, S Dabakuyo-Yonli, D Cameron, F Cardoso, P Poortmans, B Asselain, D Azria
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Surrogate endpoints of overall survival (OS) are increasingly being used in cancer RCTs with the necessity of reducing randomized clinical trial (RCT) duration, cost and number of patients. However, most of these endpoints currently lack of standardized definition enabling a comparison of RCT results. The objective of the Definition for the Assessment of Time-to-event Endpoints in CANcer trials (DATECAN) initiative is to provide guidelines to standardize definitions of time-to-event endpoints in RCTs for different cancer sites. Some recommendations have been proposed for specific cancer sites but they do not rely on a formal consensus methodology. Here, we presented results for BREAST cancer. Methods: We relied on a validated formalized consensus process for the development of practice guidelines using a modified Delphi consensus method. International experts with various backgrounds and expertises were involved. First, the coordinating committee, a group of statisticians and epidemiologists involved in the design and conduct of RCTs, led a comprehensive literature review to identify time-to-event endpoints, events of interest and the existence of guidelines in metastatic and non metastatic settings. The steering committee, which included additional medical experts, validated the list and prepared the questionnaire sent for rating to an independent expert committee. Results: The consensus process involved 2 rounds of scoring (31 experts) and finally one in-person meeting. Each expert had to rate on a 1-9 scale if s/he agreed or not for including events (e.g. death from breast cancer) in the definition of time-to-event endpoints (e.g. progression-free survival). 150 events had to be scored for the 11 selected endpoints. Consensus was reached for 57% of the events after the 2 rounds of scoring. After the in-person meeting, consensus was reached for all the remaining events but one. Conclusions: The DATECAN guidelines should help standardizing definitions of commonly used endpoints. This process should (i) facilitate the comparison of RCTs and (ii) improve the quality of future RCTs by providing better estimation of sample size and treatment effect by disseminating the recommendations in major congress. (previously presented to ASCO’13) Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-17-02.
Comparative analysis of inhaled particles contained in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, lung parenchyma and lymph nodes.
Authors: P Dumortier, P De Vuyst, J C Yernault
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Translocation of inhaled particles from the alveolar spaces to lung parenchyma and lymph nodes is one of the mechanisms that determine the biopersistence of particles. This study compares the nonfibrous particulate burden in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, lung parenchyma, and thoracic lymph nodes and attempts to detect the degree of differentiation, if any, based on particle size or type. This comparison can only be done on BAL, lung parenchyma, and lymph node samples collected from the same subject over a short time. Patients undergoing surgical lung resection are suitable for this purpose. Particles recovered by digestion-filtration were counted, sized, and analyzed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Total particle load ranges grossly between 10(5) to 10(7) p/ml in BAL, 10(9) to 10(10) p/g dry tissue in parenchyma and 10(10) to 10(11) p/g dry tissue in lymph nodes. Diameters are log-normally distributed and mean diameters range between 0.5 to 0.9 micron. Nonlamellar silicate particles have a significantly larger diameter in lymph nodes. Differences in particle type between the three sampling sites are small and nonsystematic.
THE INFLUENCE OF ACID ON GUINEA WORM LARVAE ENCYSTED IN CYCLOPS
Authors: R. T. Leiper
Journal: BMJ (1906)

THE Bnr slii resected portion of the diaphysis.Approximately at right angles to this outline the line A B is seen in Fig. 2 and indistinctly in Fig. 3.The inner portion of the line A' B' "4~~~~~~~R w~~~F ig.2.-Diagram showing the position :of the parts when the operation is complete.