tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A medical mishap: Stix nix
Authors: N Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2002)

During an obstetric diabetes clinic, many patients tested positive for blood and protein in the urine by means of routine urine dipsticks. All samples were retested, but it was not until the end of the clinic that we noticed that Multistix SG strips (Bayer) had been used in one of the two Clinitek 50 meters instead of the intended Multistix 8 SG strip. This had led to repeated false positive results for blood and protein in every patient, empirical antibiotic treatment in one patient with symptoms of urinary tract infection, multiple requests for midstream urine microscopy (one of which revealed asymptomatic candidiasis), and potentially false negative results in patients to whom this test is extremely important.

Multistix SG strips test for glucose, bilirubin, ketone, specific gravity, blood, pH, protein, and urobilinogen, whereas Multistix 8 SG strips test for glucose, ketone, specific gravity, blood, pH, protein, nitrite, and leucocytes (listed in order on strips). The eight-test strips and meter had recently replaced a 10-test strip and meter throughout the hospital as a cost saving measure. Staff training was provided. The new meter was calibrated to detect colour changes in the order in which they appear on the Multistix 8 SG strips, but both versions of the eight-test strips had been supplied in case the bilirubin and urobilinogen tests previously available on the 10-test strip were needed. The bottles of strips look virtually identical (figure), but the order of tests varies.


While technology may improve efficiency and safety, the right materials and technique are vital to avoid compromising patient care. In this case the patients were rechecked, the problem was reported to the relevant hospital departments immediately, and staff were retrained. We informed the Medical Devices Agency and supplier of the problem and suggested that the eight-test strip bottles should be redesigned to appear less similar.
National Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Sandra K. Schwarcz, Jonathan M. Zenilman, Daniel Schnell, Joan S. Knapp, Edward W. Hook, Sumner Thompson, Franklyn N. Judson, King K. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project is a national sentinel surveillance system to estimate levels and monitor trends of antimicrobial resistance in prospectively collected isolates of<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. Of 6204 isolates evaluated from 21 clinic sites between September 1987 and December 1988, 21% met at least one of the surveillance criteria for resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, or spectinomycin; 2.2% were penicillinase-producing<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>; 1.0% had high-level plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance; and 16.8% of the isolates without plasmid-mediated resistance had chromosomally mediated resistance (defined as a minimum inhibitory concentration ≥2 μg/mL) to penicillin, tetracycline, or cefoxitin. Three isolates were resistant to spectinomycin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Resistant isolates were identified from all participating centers. Patient demographic and behavioral characteristics were not predictive of infections caused by resistant organisms. These results demonstrate the wide distribution of antimicrobial-resistant<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>and support recent changes in Centers for Disease Control therapy recommendations for gonococcal infections that no longer recommend tetracycline and penicillin as first-line therapies. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1413-1417)
The International Medico-Legal Congress of 1892.
Authors: James G. Blaine
Journal: JAMA (1890)

We have received the following communications from Clark Bell, Esq., of New York, with a request that we publish them: Office of the President of the Medico-Legal Society of New York, No. 57, Broadway, N. Y., March 31, 1890. Hon, James G. Blaine, Secretary of State, Washington, D.C. <h3>Dear Sir:</h3> I have the honor to enclose a circular we are sending in the English, French, German and Spanish languages, to the various countries of the world, asking coöperation with the International Medico-Legal Congress, which will be held in 1892 in this country. Its first session was held in June, 1889, of which I send the preliminary transactions and roll of delegates. The French circular enclosed shows the officers at this moment, and as Vice-Presidents for the various countries are announced, they will be added to those already appointed. Inspection of the names of the eminent men, who have already lent
No place for Mary Poppins
Authors: I. Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following No place for Mary Poppins Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
BMA meeting: BMA votes in favour of banning smoking in cars
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A person should be banned from smoking while driving a vehicle, the BMA conference decided today, in the interests of both health and road safety.

Despite possible enforcement problems, representatives agreed with the proposer of the motion, Douglas Noble of the Public Health Conference, that smoking in cars was the next frontier in the battle against tobacco. He said that the toxic potential of smoke inside cars was 27 times higher than in the home, and 20 times higher than in public houses (where it is now banned).

Children were those at greatest risk, and polls had shown that 25% of them were afraid to ask the driver to stop smoking. Polls also showed that almost three quarters of the public supported a ban. It was time, he …
HGH, PRL, and ACTH gene expression in clinically nonfunctioning adenomas detected with nonisotopicIn Situ hybridization method
Authors: Akira Matsuno, Akira Teramoto, Susumu Takekoshi, Naoko Sanno, R. Yoshiyuki Osamura, Takaaki Kirino
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1995)
Localization of gold in synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis treated with sodium aurothiomalate. Studies by electron microscope and electron probe x-ray microanalysis.
Authors: H Nakamura, M Igarashi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

The localization of gold in the synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with sodium aurothiomalate was examined and quantitative analysis of epon-embedded sections was carried out with a wavelength dispersive x-ray microanalyser. Gold was only detected in the lysosomes of synovial lining type A cells and subsynovial mononuclear cells in the form of filamentous deposits and highly electron-dense granules, the latter being few in number. The concentration of gold within the lysosomes containing the characteristic deposits and granules was equivalent to that in epon-embedded standard specimens of freeze-dried albumin in which 2-0-87-4 mg/ml of gold was included. In addition, sulphur was detected in the lysosomes containing the filamentous deposits, but the S/Au x-ray signal ratio was not equal to that detected in sodium aurothiomalate. The significance of the coexistence of gold with sulphur in lysosomes is discussed.
Direct Observation of the Coronary Microcirculation in the Beating and Arrested Heart In Situ.
Authors: R. J. Bing
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Direct Observation of the Coronary Microcirculation in the Beating and Arrested Heart In Situ.R. J. Bing, M.D., K. Hellberg, M.D., H. Wayland, Ph.D.R. J. Bing, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. Hellberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. Wayland, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-861_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptExperiments were carried out by high-speed cinematography (400 frames per second) using transillumination of the left atrium of the cat heart. Red cell velocity in capillaries was determined by frame-to-frame analysis. Magnification on the film was 30 times. The light source was a pulsating xenon arc. Light was conducted into the atrium by a hollow glass tube through which a single optic fiber was introduced. This permitted transmission of light directly through the atrial muscle. The main observations were [1] presence of counter currents and asymmetric capillary arrangement, [2] capillary autoregulation, and [3] recruitment of capillaries. Counter currents were observed... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pasadena and Los Angeles, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 861-862KeywordsCapillariesHeartLeft atriumMicrocirculationMuscles Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
P2-01-14: High Level of CD44 Expression and Soluble CD44 Secretion Mediate Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2 Positive Breast Cancer.
Authors: Q Jin, JM Baek, DR Boulbes, FJ Esteva
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Overexpression of HER2 occurs in 15–25% of invasive breast cancer. Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the extracellular domain of HER2, markedly improves disease-free and overall survival in patients with HER2−positive breast cancer. However, resistance to trastuzumab develops in most patients with HER2−overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Breast cancer stem cells have been shown to express HER2, although its role in the development or maintenance of stem cells is not well characterized. CD44 is one of the proposed markers for breast cancer stem cells. We investigated the role of CD44 in acquired trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Methods: CD44 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The proportion of CD44 positive cells was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Soluble CD44 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro tumorigenicity was evaluated by soft agar colony formation assay. Cell invasion was tested by using a matrigel invasion assay. In vivo tumor growth was evaluated using a mammary fat pad xenograft mouse model. Results: CD44 mRNA expression, CD44 positive cell population by FACS, and CD44 secretion were significantly increased in both SKBR3 derived trastuzumab resistant SKBR3 clone 3 and BT474 derived trastuzumab resistant HR20 cells compared to parental, trastuzumab sensitive cells. Consistent with the increase in CD44, trastuzumab resistant cells showed an increase in soft agar colony formation and cell invasion, which were blocked by siRNA-induced downregulation of CD44 expression. Tumor growth and incidence were enhanced in mice injected with trastuzumab resistant HR20 cells compared to the mice injected with trastuzumab sensitive parental BT474 cells. Knock-down of CD44 expression by the transfection with CD44-specific siRNA suppressed in vivo tumor growth in the mice injected with trastuzumab resistant HR20 cells. Finally, we found high serum CD44 levels correlated with advanced tumor progression in HER2 positive breast cancer. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that high levels of CD44 mediate trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cells as well as tumor progression in mice. Circulating CD44 is prognostic in patients with HER2 positive breast cancer. CD44 may be a therapeutic target for HER2 positive breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-14.
Mystic Σ r Statistic χ2β
Authors: Stanley S. Schor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4666: Identification of cancer stem cell-like fractions in cultured oral squamous cell carcinoma and expression of keratin 15 as a putative cancer stem cell marker
Authors: Tomohide Isobe, Gou Yamamoto, Yuko Tsunoda, Akiko Sasaki, Tetsuhiko Tachikawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although it is well known that one of the intermediate filament proteins cytokeratin 15 (CK15) can be a marker for not only epithelial stem cells but also cutaneous neoplasm and sebaceous tumors, the expression of CK15 in oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the expression of CK15 in different stages of epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by immunohistochemical analysis and genetic analysis. Only basal cells in normal epithelia showed strong positive staining for CK15. Which was spread to basal cells and parabasal cells in epithelial dysplasia. In CIS and SCC, however, no reactivity was observed for CK15 except for the peripheral part of carcinoma nest in SCC. On the other hand, CK15 expression in chemoresistant SCC showed overall positive staining. In contrast to CK15 expression, transcription factor P63 which is known to putative keratinocyte stem cell marker showed different staining patterns from those of CK15. These observations seem to indicate that CK15 staining in combination with P63 could be a useful marker for pathologic diagnosis in terms of predicting malignant change and chemoresistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4666.
Re“evolutionary” Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Helen M. Blau
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of sulfinpyrazone on homocysteine-induced endothelial injury and arteriosclerosis in baboons.
Authors: L A Harker, J M Harlan, R Ross
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

The effect of sulfinpyrazone on endothelial injury induced by homocysteine has been studied both in vitro, using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and in vivo, using a primate model of homocysteine-induced arteriosclerosis. Oral sulfinpyrazone (250 mumol/kg body weight per day in three divided doses) in eight chronically homocystinemic baboons (0.14 +/- 0.04 mM plasma homocystine) decreased the extent of aortic endothelial injury as measured morphometrically by silver staining techniques, compared with six untreated comparably homocystinemic animals (denuded surface averaged 0.5% with range 0-2.1 vs 7.7 +/- 1.6%, respectively; P less than 0.001). Sulfinpyrazone therapy to homocystinemic baboons also normalized platelet survival and turnover measurements (5.1 +/- 0.4 days and 70,000 +/- 11,000 platelets/microliter per day vs. 2.8 +/- 0.6 days and 179,000 +/- 19,000 platelets/microliter per day in untreated homocystinemic controls; P less than 0.001). Sulfinpyrazone therapy also reduced the size and frequency of homocysteine-induced intimal lesion formation (P less than 0.001). Although sulfinpyrazone reduced the amount of specific 51Cr release from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by 10 mM homocysteine after 24 hours of co-incubation, no effect was observed in assays of endothelial cell detachment when sulfinpyrazone (10(-5) M) or its thioether metabolite were pre- or co-incubated during 24 hours with homocysteine (2.5-10 mM). These data suggest that sulfinpyrazone may protect endothelial cells from injury in vivo by some apparently indirect mechanism.
Clinical Epidemiological Quality in Molecular Genetic Research
Authors: Sidney T. Bogardus, Jr, John Concato, Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextA genetic basis has been identified for many medical conditions and some molecular tests have been commercialized. However, little attention has been given to the quality of clinical epidemiology in molecular studies.ObjectiveTo examine the clinical epidemiological quality of recent publications on molecular genetic analysis.DesignCross-sectional study of original research articles published in 1995, identified by manually searching 4 general clinical journals. Of 83 articles identified, 40 were selected for analysis; these 40 discussed molecular genetic techniques, studied 10 or more patients, and had inferential conclusions.Main Outcome MeasureCompliance of the selected articles with 7 methodological standards for clinical epidemiological science (reproducibility, objectivity, delineation of case group, adequacy of spectrum in case group, delineation of comparison group, adequacy of comparison group, and quantitative summary of results).ResultsAmong the 40 inferential articles that studied 10 or more patients, only 5 (12.5%) complied with all 7 applicable standards, and 10 (25.0%) complied with all but 1 standard, whereas 25 articles (62.5%) failed to comply with 2 or more standards and 9 (22.5%) failed 4 or 5 standards. Most articles did not comply with standards for reproducibility (n=25, 62.5%) or objectivity (n=27, 67.5%); however, the majority of articles did comply with standards for adequacy of case group (n=35, 87.5%), adequacy of comparison group (n=35, 87.5%), and quantitative summary of results (n=36, 90%).ConclusionsDespite major laboratory advances in molecular genetic analysis, our data suggest that reported applications in clinical journals often have troubling omissions, deficiencies, and lack of attention to the different, but necessary, principles of clinical epidemiological science. Without suitable attention to fundamental methodological standards, the expected benefits of molecular genetic testing may not be achieved.
Double-blind comparison of a dithranol and steroid mixture with a conventional dithranol regimen for chronic psoriasis
Authors: C.E.H. GRATTAN, A.P. CHRISTOPHER, M. ROBINSON, M.A. COWAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Twenty four of 30 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis completed a double-blind randomized paired comparison of dithranol in Lassar's paste versus dithranol and fluocinonide in Lassar's paste. There was a more rapid reduction in severity of the psoriasis on the side treated with the dithranol and fluocinonide mixture, but no difference in the final time to clearance between the two sides. There were fewer burning episodes on the side treated with dithranol and fluocinonide and greater staining of the skin. Of the 20 patients who were subsequently followed up for up to 3 months, 11 had relapsed more on the side treated with dithranol and fluocinonide, two on the side treated with dithranol alone and in seven there was no appreciable difference. It was concluded that the addition of a topical steroid to a conventional dithranol regimen produced more rapid initial clearance and less burning, but more rapid relapse of the psoriasis.
Impaired Smad7-Smurf–mediated negative regulation of TGF-β signaling in scleroderma fibroblasts
Authors: Yoshihide Asano, Hironobu Ihn, Kenichi Yamane, Masahide Kubo, Kunihiko Tamaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The principal effect of TGF-β1 on mesenchymal cells is its stimulation of ECM synthesis. Previous reports indicated the significance of the autocrine TGF-β loop in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. In this study, we focused on Smad7 and Smurfs, principal molecules in the negative regulation of TGF-β signaling, to further understand the autocrine TGF-β loop in scleroderma. Scleroderma fibroblasts exhibited increased Smad7 levels compared with normal fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. Smad7 constitutively formed a complex with the TGF-β receptors, and the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on the promoter activity of human α2(I) collagen and 3TP-lux was completely impaired in scleroderma fibroblasts. Furthermore, the protein stability of TGF-β receptor type I was significantly increased in scleroderma fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts. There was no significant difference in Smurf1 and Smurf2 levels between normal and scleroderma fibroblasts, and the transiently overexpressed Smurf1 and/or Smurf2 did not affect TGF-β receptor type I protein levels in scleroderma fibroblasts. These results indicate that the impaired Smad7-Smurf–mediated inhibitory effect on TGF-β signaling might contribute to maintaining the autocrine TGF-β loop in scleroderma fibroblasts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a disturbed negative regulation of TGF-β signaling in fibrotic disorders.
The Three Rs: Rheumatism, Rehabilitation, Research as Viewed from Bath
Authors: J. T. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

For nearly 50 years George Kersley has viewed world rheumatology from Bath and has himself contributed greatly to its development.This booklet is something of an autobiography and an account of the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, but it is also an excellent review of the history of rheumatology.It discusses such topics as the relation of rheumatology to rehabilitation and the influence of spa treatment, and provides an invaluable summary of the 'contributors to the scene'- the various national and international organisations devoted to the advance of our study of the rheumatic diseases.Enlivened by many little anecdotes, it makes fascinating reading as well as constituting an important historical record.