tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Body Weight on Mortality After Stroke—Reply
Authors: Christian Dehlendorff, Klaus K. Andersen, Tom S. Olsen
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 induces expression of insulin genes in liver and ameliorates streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia
Authors: Sarah Ferber, Amir Halkin, Hofit Cohen, Idit Ber, Yulia Einav, Iris Goldberg, Iris Barshack, Rhona Seijffers, Juri Kopolovic, Nurit Kaiser, Avraham Karasik
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)
Social marketing: why injury prevention needs to adopt this behaviour change approach
Authors: Joshua D Newton, Michael T Ewing, Caroline F Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Government agencies, public health organisations and the private sector are increasingly funding campaigns to encourage participation in sport. These campaigns frequently achieve moderate levels of success,1 yet many of the individuals who heed these calls to action may be ill prepared for the physical rigours of sport, especially when campaigns do not address how to participate in sport safely. This is not an idle concern; individuals with limited experience in their sport of choice are at increased risk of developing a sports injury, as are those who have recently returned to sport after a prolonged absence.2 Public health campaigns aimed at encouraging sport participation should therefore take into account the findings from the sports injury prevention literature so that those who adopt the campaign messages will be less susceptible to experiencing sports injuries.

One approach that could be used to transfer the learnings from the sports injury prevention literature to the broader population is social marketing. Social marketing refers to ‘the adaptation of commercial marketing technologies to programs designed to influence the voluntary behaviour of target audiences to improve their personal welfare and that of the society of which they are …
BLOOD SUGAR TIME CURVES
Authors: I. M. Rabinowitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1926)

Blood sugar time curves, or what are more generally, but less exactly, termed sugar tolerance curves, are now receiving wide clini- cal application.As a result of this, various disorders, other than dis- betes mellitus, are known to result in, or be associated with, a disturb- ance in the metabolism of carbohydrates.The response of the individual to glucose ingestion is probably the best of indices of such a disturbance.
Donors with group B KIR haplotypes improve relapse-free survival after unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Sarah Cooley, Elizabeth Trachtenberg, Tracy L. Bergemann, Koy Saeteurn, John Klein, Chap T. Le, Steven G. E. Marsh, Lisbeth A. Guethlein, Peter Parham, Jeffrey S. Miller, Daniel J. Weisdorf
Journal: Blood (2008)
Carbohydrate-Induced Memory Impairment in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Carol E. Greenwood, Randall J. Kaplan, Stacey Hebblethwaite, David J.A. Jenkins
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Memory impairment is observed in adults with type 2 diabetes. The focus of this study was to determine whether acute carbohydrate consumption contributes to or exacerbates memory dysfunction. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The impact of consuming 50 g of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate (one half bagel and white grape juice) at breakfast was examined in 19 adults with type 2 diabetes. Subjects (mean age 63 ± 9 years, mean BMI 26.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2) were tested, under fed and fasted conditions, on verbal declarative memory using both word list and paragraph recall tests (immediate and delayed [7-min] recall), Trails Test Part B as a measure of general brain function, and mood (subjectively monitoring global vigor and affect). RESULTS—Under baseline (fasting) conditions, elevated blood HbA1c was negatively associated with immediate and delayed paragraph recall performance (R2 = 0.30; P = 0.024) and higher fasting blood glucose trended toward poorer word list recall (R2 = 0.09; P = 0.102). Carbohydrate ingestion influenced measures of delayed, but not immediate, recall in a time-dependent fashion (time × food) (word list, P = 0.046; paragraph, P = 0.044) such that delayed recall was improved at 15 min postingestion but was impaired at 30 min. Neither Trails Test scores (P = 0.17) nor mood (affect, P = 0.68 and vigor, P = 0.45) were influenced by food ingestion. CONCLUSIONS—In adults with type 2 diabetes, poorer glycemic control is associated with lower performance on tests of declarative memory. Acute ingestion of high glycemic index carbohydrate foods further contributes to the underlying memory impairment.
FACTOR VIII COAGULANT ACTIVITY AND FACTOR VIII-LIKE ANTIGEN: INDEPENDENT MOLECULAR ENTITIES
Authors: Theodore S. Zimmerman, Thomas S. Edgington
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Factor VIII coagulant activity (VIIIC) and the von Willebrand's disease antigen (Factor VIII-like antigen, vW-Ag) are biologically linked, and it has been suggested that they reside on the same molecule. However, insolubilized human isoantibody to VIIIC and rabbit antiserum containing antibodies to VIIIC and vW-Ag differentially bind and remove these entities from plasma, thus physically segregating one from the other. These findings indicate that Factor VIII coagulant activity resides on a molecule distinct from that expressing the von Willebrand's antigen.
Targeting Robo4-Dependent Slit Signaling to Survive the Cytokine Storm in Sepsis and Influenza
Authors: Nyall R. London, Weiquan Zhu, Fernando A. Bozza, Matthew C. P. Smith, Daniel M. Greif, Lise K. Sorensen, Luming Chen, Yuuki Kaminoh, Aubrey C. Chan, Samuel F. Passi, Craig W. Day, Dale L. Barnard, Guy A. Zimmerman, Mark A. Krasnow, Dean Y. Li
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

Blunting increased vascular permeability caused by an infection-induced cytokine storm with a Slit ligand increased survival in rodent models of sepsis and viral infection.
Therapy-Induced Tumor Immunosurveillance Involves IFN-Producing Killer Dendritic Cells
Authors: Evelyn Ullrich, Mathieu Bonmort, Grégoire Mignot, Nathalie Chaput, Julien Taieb, Cédric Ménard, Sophie Viaud, Thomas Tursz, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract A unique class of IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC) resembling natural killer cells has been defined that can recognize and lyse tumor cells through a tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand–dependent mechanism. IKDC may mediate the host-dependent antitumor activity of Gleevec/STI571 and other therapeutics that can inhibit the c-kit tyrosine kinase. IKDC represent an important new component of the innate immune system responding to cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):851–3]
Invasive Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients without Malignancy
Authors: Wouter Meersseman, Stefaan J. Vandecasteele, Alexander Wilmer, Eric Verbeken, Willy E. Peetermans, Eric Van Wijngaerden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Using criteria designed for invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with cancer, we aimed to determine the impact of IA in patients without malignancy in a medical intensive care unit (ICU). In this retrospective study, 127 patients out of 1,850 admissions (6.9%) hospitalized between 2000 and 2003 had microbiological or histopathologic evidence of Aspergillus during their ICU stay. There were 89 cases (70%) without hematologic malignancy. These patients were classified as proven IA (n = 30), probable IA (n = 37), possible IA (n = 2), or colonization (n = 20). In these patients, mean SAPS II score was 52 with a predicted mortality of 48%. The observed mortality was 80% (n = 71). Mortality of the proven and the probable IA was 97 and 87%, respectively. Postmortem examination was done in 46 out of 71 patients, and 27 autopsies (59%) showed hyphael invasion with Aspergillus. Aspergillus infections occurred in five critically ill patients with proven IA who did not have any predisposing factors according to the currently available definitions. Three of these patients had Child C liver cirrhosis. IA is an emerging and devastating infectious disease in patients in the ICU without malignancy. In those patients, host criteria for probable fungal infections should probably be adapted.
The Metabolism of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>*
Authors: R. KUMAR
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1980)

VITAMIN D plays a major role in the maintenance of extracellular fluid calcium and phosphorus concentrations, the mineralization of bone, and the maintenance of skeletal integrity (1–3). The vitamin increases active calcium and phosphorus transport in the duodenum and proximal intestine; rachitic animals and humans have increased feeal losses of calcium that are reversed by the administration of vitamin D. Furthermore, there is evidence that the vitamin or its metabolites have direct effects upon muscle metabolism and on isolated bone cells, and upon the mobilization of calcium from isolated bone (1). Finally, the vitamin has pronounced effects upon the maintenance of adequate growth in experimental animals and in man (1, 3). The present review will focus upon some of the more recent findings concerning the regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 lα-hydroxylase activity and upon the peripheral metabolism of vitamin D3 homologs. In 1919, Sir Edward Mellanby demonstrated that rickets could be cured by the administration of cod liver oil (4, 5). Steenbock and colleagues (6) demonstrated that the antirachitic activity of certain oils was increased after irradiation with ultraviolet light. McCollum et al. (7) showed that the growth-promoting fat-soluble vitamin A was different from the antirachitic fat-soluble vitamin D. Huldshinsky in Vienna demonstrated the healing of rickets by adequate exposure to sunlight (8). Therefore, vitamin D is not a vitamin in the strict sense but has become so because of changes in the exposure to sunlight that have accompanied evolution (8). The chemical work of Askew, Windaus, and their colleagues (9–11) resulted in the elucidation of the structure of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Orr et al. (12) made the important observation that individuals with rickets had high losses of calcium in the feces. Subsequently, work by Nicolaysen and co-workers (13–16) definitely established the role of vitamin D in the transport of calcium in the intestine.
Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Version 2.2015
Authors: Peter L. Greenberg, Richard M. Stone, Rafael Bejar, John M. Bennett, Clara D. Bloomfield, Uma Borate, Carlos M. De Castro, H. Joachim Deeg, Amy E. DeZern, Amir T. Fathi, Olga Frankfurt, Karin Gaensler, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Elizabeth A. Griffiths, David Head, Virginia Klimek, Rami Komrokji, Lisa A. Kujawski, Lori J. Maness, Margaret R. O’Donnell, Daniel A. Pollyea, Bart Scott, Paul J. Shami, Brady L. Stein, Peter Westervelt, Benton Wheeler, Dorothy A. Shead, Courtney Smith
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

The NCCN Guidelines for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders with a highly variable disease course that depends largely on risk factors. Risk evaluation is therefore a critical component of decision-making in the treatment of MDS. The development of newer treatments and the refinement of current treatment modalities are designed to improve patient outcomes and reduce side effects. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on the recent updates to the guidelines, which include the incorporation of a revised prognostic scoring system, addition of molecular abnormalities associated with MDS, and refinement of treatment options involving a discussion of cost of care.
Effect of sensory denervation with capsaicin on liver fibrosis induced by common bile duct ligation in rat
Authors: Alessandro Casini, Irmgard Th. Lippe, Stefano Evangelista, Pierangelo Geppetti, Paolo Santicioli, Carmelo Urso, Milena Paglierani, Carlo Alberto Maggi, Calogero Surrenti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
CCR5 Genotype and the Clinical Course of HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Hanneke Schuitemaker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998CCR5 Genotype and the Clinical Course of HIV-1 InfectionHanneke Schuitemaker, PhD and Ana-Maria de Roda Husman, PhDHanneke Schuitemaker, PhDCentral Laboratory of the Netherlands; Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author and Ana-Maria de Roda Husman, PhDCentral Laboratory of the Netherlands; Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:In our study, we examined the predictive value of the CCR5 genotype. The outcome of our analysis was that a wild-type CCR5 genotype increased the relative risk for progression of HIV disease with a factor of 2.5, independent of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, T-cell function, HIV-1 biological phenotype, and viral RNA load in serum. As we showed in a cumulative Kaplan-Meier analysis, persons with all markers in a beneficial mode had the longest survival; the persons with the most rapid progression had all markers in a bad mode.Despite these, in our opinion, convincing data, Dr. Scribner claims that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Central Laboratory of the Netherlands; Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 780KeywordsFactor analysisGenotypingHIV-1Life expectancyPhenotypesRNARelative riskResearch laboratoriesSurvival analysisViral diseases Issue Published: 1 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Identification of CD20 C-Terminal Deletion Mutations Associated with Loss of CD20 Expression in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Yasuhito Terui, Yuji Mishima, Natsuhiko Sugimura, Kiyotsugu Kojima, Takuma Sakurai, Yuko Mishima, Ryoko Kuniyoshi, Akiko Taniyama, Masahiro Yokoyama, Sakura Sakajiri, Kengo Takeuchi, Chie Watanabe, Shunji Takahashi, Yoshinori Ito, Kiyohiko Hatake
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Rituximab is commonly incorporated into CD20-positive B-cell lymphoma therapy to improve response and prognosis. With increasing use, resistance to rituximab is a continuing concern, but CD20 mutation as a cause of resistance has not previously been reported. Experimental Design: Freshly collected lymphoma cells from 50 patients with previously untreated or relapsed/resistant non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas (diffuse large B cell, n = 22; follicular, n = 7; mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, n = 16; chronic lymphocytic leukemia, n = 2; small lymphocytic lymphoma, n = 1; lymphoplasmacytic, n = 1; mantle cell lymphoma, n = 1) were assessed for CD20 expression by flow cytometry, and CD20 gene sequencing was done on extracted DNA. Results: CD20 mutations were found in 11 (22.0%) of 50 patients and could be grouped as C-terminal deletion (8.0%), early termination (10.0%), and extracellular domain (2.0%) or transmembrane domain (2.0%) mutations. The mean fluorescence intensity of CD20 on fresh lymphoma cells was significantly lower for the C-terminal deletion mutation [3.26; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.09-6.89] compared with wild type (30.8; 95% CI, 22.4-39.2; P &amp;lt; 0.05). In contrast, early termination mutations did not show significant differences in CD20 expression compared with wild type (19.5; 95% CI, 10.7-28.4; P &amp;gt; 0.05). Conclusions: It is possible that C-terminal deletion mutations of CD20 may be related to relapse/resistance after rituximab therapy. These mutations should be examined in patients showing progression of disease after partial remission.
IRF Family of Transcription Factors as Regulators of Host Defense
Authors: Tadatsugu Taniguchi, Kouetsu Ogasawara, Akinori Takaoka, Nobuyuki Tanaka
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2001)

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) constitute a family of transcription factors that commonly possess a novel helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. Following the initial identification of two structurally related members, IRF-1 and IRF-2, seven additional members have now been reported. In addition, virally encoded IRFs, which may interfere with cellular IRFs, have also been identified. Thus far, intensive functional analyses have been done on IRF-1, revealing a remarkable functional diversity of this transcription factor in the regulation of cellular response in host defense. Indeed, IRF-1 selectively modulates different sets of genes, depending on the cell type and/or the nature of cellular stimuli, in order to evoke appropriate responses in each. More recently, much attention has also been focused on other IRF family members. Their functional roles, through interactions with their own or other members of the family of transcription factors, are becoming clearer in the regulation of host defense, such as innate and adaptive immune responses and oncogenesis.
Correction for Mechanical Dead Space in the Calculation of Physiological Dead Space
Authors: Gloria J. Singleton, C. Robert Olsen, Richard L. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

When physiological dead space (Vdp) is calculated for a patient who has alveolar dead space, e.g., after pulmonary vascular occlusion, less than the full volume of attached mechanical dead space (Vdm) appears in the measured dead space (Vdn). Under these conditions the traditional subtraction of Vdm from Vdn leads to underestimation of Vdp and can give a falsely small ratio of Vdp to tidal volume (Vt) when, in fact, an abnormally large Vdp/Vt exists. To make the proper correction for Vdm, two equations have been derived and validated with seven subjects having Vdp/Vt from 0.29 to 0.87, using Vdm's from 120 to 322 ml. With only a small modification, these equations are suitable for routine clinical use and give Vdp/Vt within 0.02 of that by the validated equations (32 of 33 comparisons). The fraction of Vdm subtracted from Vdn is the square of the ratio of effective alveolar to total alveolar ventilation and is never > 1. This fraction is (PaCO2/PaCO2)2, where PaCO2 and PaCO2 are the mean partial pressures of expired alveolar and of arterial CO2; in the other equation this fraction is [PeCO2/PaCO2 (Vt — Vdan — Vdm)]2 where PeCO2 is mixed expired Pco2 and Vdan is anatomical dead space. The second equation requires an estimated Vdan and is applicable when PaCO2 is not measured or does not plateau (as in exercise).
Naive and memory human B cells have distinct requirements for STAT3 activation to differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells
Authors: Elissa K. Deenick, Danielle T. Avery, Anna Chan, Lucinda J. Berglund, Megan L. Ives, Leen Moens, Jennifer L. Stoddard, Jacinta Bustamante, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Miyuki Tsumura, Masao Kobayashi, Peter D. Arkwright, Diana Averbuch, Dan Engelhard, Joachim Roesler, Jane Peake, Melanie Wong, Stephen Adelstein, Sharon Choo, Joanne M. Smart, Martyn A. French, David A. Fulcher, Matthew C. Cook, Capucine Picard, Anne Durandy, Christoph Klein, Steven M. Holland, Gulbu Uzel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Cindy S. Ma, Stuart G. Tangye
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

Long-lived antibody memory is mediated by the combined effects of long-lived plasma cells (PCs) and memory B cells generated in response to T cell-dependent antigens (Ags). IL-10 and IL-21 can activate multiple signaling pathways, including STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5; ERK; PI3K/Akt, and potently promote human B cell differentiation. We previously showed that loss-of-function mutations in STAT3, but not STAT1, abrogate IL-10- and IL-21-mediated differentiation of human naive B cells into plasmablasts. We report here that, in contrast to naive B cells, STAT3-deficient memory B cells responded to these STAT3-activating cytokines, differentiating into plasmablasts and secreting high levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA, as well as Ag-specific IgG. This was associated with the induction of the molecular machinery necessary for PC formation. Mutations in IL21R, however, abolished IL-21-induced responses of both naive and memory human B cells and compromised memory B cell formation in vivo. These findings reveal a key role for IL-21R/STAT3 signaling in regulating human B cell function. Furthermore, our results indicate that the threshold of STAT3 activation required for differentiation is lower in memory compared with naive B cells, thereby identifying an intrinsic difference in the mechanism underlying differentiation of naive versus memory B cells.
Predictors of pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: M.C. Sabir, Shajahan P. Sulaiman, Davis Paul Chelangara, Nikhila K. Govind, Aneesh C. Ratheendran, Raghunadhan P. Vijayan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is the leading cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis1  Newer treatment modalities have improved the outcome; hence the early identification of this complication is important.  AIM  To study the predictors of PAH in patients with Systemic Sclerosis who attended the out patient service of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical College, Kottayam.  METHODS  We studied 28 cases of systemic sclerosis.18 patients had diffuse form, 8 had overlap syndrome and 2 had limited form of the disease.  All patients were evaluated by spirometry, DLCO, HRCT of the lungs, and echocardiography examination.  They were grouped to different forms by clinical examination and by antibody detection. Statistical study was done using independent t test and chi-square test.  RESULTS  All 28 patients were females. Among the diffuse form 13 patients (72%) had interstitial lung disease (ILD) and 6 patients (33%) had PAH  Among patients with overlap syndrome (including PSS) 5 had ILD (63%) and 3 had PAH (38%).  No patient with limited form had ILD, but all the two had PAH(100%).  Among 18 diffuse form 6 patients had PAH and their mean FVC is 52.6% and DLCO of 29%.  Patients without PAH had a mean FVC of 53.0% and a mean DLCO of 46%.  CONCLUSIONS  Higher prevalence of PAH was observed in patients with limited variety when compared with diffuse form and overlap syndrome.  In diffuse form PAH was associated with ILD and no such association was found in limited variety.  A decreasing DLCO is an excellent predictor of the development of PAH in diffuse Systemic sclerosis2 .  References:  1. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2003 May;29(2):335-49  2. ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM;Vol. 48, No. 2, February 2003, pp 516–522.