tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non‐hodgkin lymphoma in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: C. Cunningham‐Rundles, P. Lieberman, G. Hellman, R. S. K. Chaganti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract The association between cancer and immunodeficiency is well established. In common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by low serum immunoglobulins and poor antibody production, we previously reported a total of 13 cancers in 11 individuals arising in continuously observed group of patients. Of the 13, 7 were NHL and 1 was a myeloma which progressed to lymphoma. We report here the histologic, immunologic, cytogenetic, and clinical features of these 8 NHL along with 3 new lymphomas which have appeared in this group (now 117 patients). From our studies, the lymphomas which have arisen in CVI share certain features with the lymphomas which appear in the childhood immunodeficient syndromes, Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome, Ataxia Telangiectasia, or severe combined immunodeficiency: they are similar in overall frequency (13%), are often B‐cell in origin, and extranodal in location. However, unlike the lymphomas of the immunodeficient child, lymphomas in CVI may be more differentiated and secrete immunoglobulin. For CVI patients with stage I or II disease, as for non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in general, the prognosis is good. In our group, NHL in CVI have appeared most often in females of the 5th to 7th decade and not in childhood. Cytogenetic studies in lymphomas show that cytogenic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocation, can be found in this group, but more studies will be needed to assess the frequency of these events.
Outpatient Oral Prednisone after Emergency Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Shawn D. Aaron, Katherine L. Vandemheen, Paul Hebert, Robert Dales, Ian G. Stiell, Jan Ahuja, Garth Dickinson, Robert Brison, Brian H. Rowe, Jonathan Dreyer, Elizabeth Yetisir, Daniel Cass, George Wells
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we studied the effectiveness of prednisone in reducing the risk of relapse after outpatient exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).We enrolled 147 patients who were being discharged from the emergency department after an exacerbation of COPD and randomly assigned them to 10 days of treatment with 40 mg of oral prednisone once daily or identical-appearing placebo. All patients received oral antibiotics for 10 days, plus inhaled bronchodilators. The primary end point was relapse, defined as an unscheduled visit to a physician's office or a return to the emergency department because of worsening dyspnea, within 30 days after randomization.The overall rate of relapse at 30 days was lower in the prednisone group than in the placebo group (27 percent vs. 43 percent, P=0.05), and the time to relapse was prolonged in those taking prednisone (P=0.04). After 10 days of therapy, patients in the prednisone group had greater improvements in forced expiratory volume in one second than did patients in the placebo group (mean [+/-SD] increase from base line, 34+/-42 percent vs. 15+/-31 percent; P=0.007). Patients in the prednisone group also had significant improvements in dyspnea, as measured by the transitional dyspnea index (P=0.04) and by the dyspnea domain of the Chronic Respiratory Disease Index Questionnaire (P=0.02), but not in health-related quality of life (P=0.14).Outpatient treatment with oral prednisone offers a small advantage over placebo in treating patients who are discharged from the emergency department with an exacerbation of COPD.
Phase I/II Study of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Glembatumumab Vedotin in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Johanna Bendell, Mansoor Saleh, April A.N. Rose, Peter M. Siegel, Lowell Hart, Surendra Sirpal, Suzanne Jones, Jennifer Green, Elizabeth Crowley, Ronit Simantov, Tibor Keler, Thomas Davis, Linda Vahdat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Glycoprotein NMB (gpNMB), a novel transmembrane protein overexpressed in 40% to 60% of breast cancers, promotes metastases in animal models and is a prognostic marker of a poor outcome in patients. The antibody-drug conjugate glembatumumab vedotin consists of a fully human anti-gpNMB monoclonal antibody, conjugated via a cleavable linker to monomethyl auristatin E. Glembatumumab vedotin is generally well tolerated, with observed objective responses in advanced melanoma. This is, to our knowledge, the first study of glembatumumab vedotin in breast cancer.Eligible patients had advanced/metastatic breast cancer with at least two prior chemotherapy regimens, including taxane, anthracycline, and capecitabine. A standard 3+3 dose escalation was followed by a phase II expansion. Immunohistochemistry for gpNMB was performed retrospectively for patients with available tumor tissue.Forty-two patients were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) consisted of worsening neuropathy at 1.34 mg/kg. After excluding patients with baseline neuropathy more than grade 1, no DLT occurred through 1.88 mg/kg (the phase II dose). The phase II primary activity end point was met (12-week progression-free survival [PFS12] = 9 of 27 patients; 33%). Sixteen of 19 (84%) patients tested had gpNMB-positive tumors. At the phase II dose, median PFS was 9.1 weeks for all patients, 17.9 weeks for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and 18.0 weeks for patients with gpNMB-positive tumors. Two patients had confirmed partial responses; both had gpNMB-positive tumors and one had TNBC.Glembatumumab vedotin has an acceptable safety profile. Preliminary evidence of activity in treatment-resistant metastatic breast cancer requires confirmation, such as the phase II randomized trial (EMERGE) that also examines the relationship between activity and gpNMB distribution/intensity.
Psychological Treatment of Anxiety: The Evolution of Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Authors: S. Rachman
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2008)

The development of evidence-based treatments for anxiety disorders is a major achievement of clinical psychology, and cognitive behavior therapy is the best-established and most widely used method. The first form of this therapy, behavior therapy, was a combination of Pavlovian and Behavioristic ideas and methods and was particularly successful in reducing fears. The infusion of cognitive ideas in the late 1970s generated the wider and more flexible cognitive behavior therapy that independent agencies in the United States and United Kingdom now recommend as the treatment of choice for most of the anxiety disorders. Remaining theoretical problems and clinical limitations need to be tackled.
Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) haploinsufficiency results in B-cell dysfunction in patients with Smith-Magenis syndrome
Authors: Javier Chinen, Monica Martinez-Gallo, Wenli Gu, Montserrat Cols, Andrea Cerutti, Lin Radigan, Li Zhang, Lorraine Potocki, Marjorie Withers, James R. Lupski, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
A Preliminary Study of Ritonavir, an Inhibitor of HIV-1 Protease, to Treat HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Martin Markowitz, Michael Saag, William G. Powderly, Arlene M. Hurley, Ann Hsu, Joaquin M. Valdes, David Henry, Fred Sattler, Anthony La Marca, John M. Leonard, David D. Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor in vitro of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease, which is needed for virions to mature and become infective. We assessed the safety and efficacy of ritonavir in patients with HIV-1 infection.
THE PROTEINS IN UNHEATED CULTURE FILTRATES OF HUMAN TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: Ellen B. Bevilacqua, Janet R. McCarter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

Concentrated culture filtrates of two strains of human tubercle bacilli, a virulent and a slightly virulent one, have been fractionated to give fourteen fractions in each case. Chemical determinations and sedimentation velocity measurements have been carried out on those fractions for which significant results could be obtained. The evidence is that two distinct proteins are present, in addition to a polysaccharide and nucleic acid. The physical measurements have not demonstrated the presence of any other proteins. One of the proteins has been isolated in pure form, and found to have a molecular weight of 44,000 +/- 5,000, based on measurements of partial specific volume, sedimentation velocity, and diffusion rate. This protein is believed to be the same as one previously isolated by Seibert et al. (6), who assigned it a molecular weight of 32,000. The other protein was not obtained sufficiently free from polysaccharide so that its molecular weight could be determined, but it is believed to have a sedimentation constant of about 2 S. Sedimentation and diffusion constants have been obtained for the polysaccharide, which appears to be a homogeneous molecular species with a molecular weight of about 20,000. The source in unheated tuberculin of the proteins obtained from heated preparations is discussed.
NetGrep: fast network schema searches in interactomes
Authors: Eric Banks, Elena Nabieva, Ryan Peterson, Mona Singh
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

NetGrep ( http://genomics.princeton.edu/singhlab/netgrep/ ) is a system for searching protein interaction networks for matches to user-supplied 'network schemas'. Each schema consists of descriptions of proteins (for example, their molecular functions or putative domains) along with the desired topology and types of interactions among them. Schemas can thus describe domain-domain interactions, signaling and regulatory pathways, or more complex network patterns. NetGrep provides an advanced graphical interface for specifying schemas and fast algorithms for extracting their matches.
The effect of head protection on the hearing of rugby players
Authors: S M Kieran, J Dunne, J P Hughes, J E Fenton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Professional rugby players utilise various methods of head protection to prevent against the development of a pinna haematoma. This study tests the hypothesis that these measures, whilst preventing injury, decrease the wearers' hearing threshold and therefore their performance.Eight patients had free field audiometry performed in a soundproof room, with warble tones. All patients were young men (mean 24.75 years (range 22-34)). No participant had ear symptomatology or a past history of ear surgery. Three separate audiological assessments were performed on each patient: normal free field audiometry in a sound field room, following application of adhesive tape and whilst wearing a scrum cap. All measurements were performed by a single audiological scientist. A significant clinical drop in hearing threshold was defined as an increase of 10 dB.No patient demonstrated a significant drop in hearing threshold following the application of either tape or a scrum cap, nor was there a significant difference in the mean (SD) warble tone average: air 7.03 (5.47); tape 7.19 (6.40); scrum cap 6.56 (5.58).Theoretical concerns that "ear taping" and scrum caps affect hearing of rugby players are unfounded and should not discourage their use.
Mediators of Lifestyle Behavior Change in Native Hawaiians
Authors: Marjorie K. Mau, Karen Glanz, Richard Severino, John S. Grove, Bruce Johnson, J. David Curb
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To examine the association of stage of change with diet and exercise behaviors in response to a lifestyle intervention for Native Hawaiians (NHs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A family (‘ohana) support lifestyle intervention was compared with a standard intervention in NHs with or at risk for diabetes in two rural communities in Hawaii (n = 147). Stage of change, as a hypothesized mediator of behavior change, and dietary and exercise behaviors were measured at baseline and at 1 year postintervention. RESULTS—Stage of change was significantly associated with positive dietary and exercise behaviors. NHs receiving the ‘ohana support (OS) intervention were more likely to advance from pre-action to action/maintenance for fat intake and physical activity than the group who received the standard intervention. Participants in the OS group who advanced from pre-action to action/maintenance showed more improvement in fat intake and physical activity than those in the standard group. CONCLUSIONS—These initial findings suggest that stage of change is an important factor in mediating lifestyle behavior changes in persons with or at risk for diabetes and merits further study among minority populations at high risk for diabetes.
Design and Implementation of an Effective Telephone Counseling Intervention for Adolescent Smoking Cessation
Authors: Kathleen A. Kealey, Evette J. Ludman, Patrick M. Marek, Sue L. Mann, Jonathan B. Bricker, Arthur V. Peterson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Effective smoking cessation for youth is urgently needed, but the literature guiding such efforts is nascent. We evaluated the implementation of a proactive intervention for adolescent smoking cessation that incorporated motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive behavioral skills training (CBST). We proactively identified 1058 smokers via classroom survey of enrolled juniors in 25 experimental high schools. After parental consent was obtained, trained counselors telephoned participants to invite their participation and deliver personalized smoking cessation counseling that combined MI and CBST. Implementation quality was assessed via weekly supervision of counselors, monitoring of counselor adherence to protocol via review of 5% of each counselor’s calls, and formal evaluation of counselor fidelity to MI via review of a random sample of 19.8% of counseling calls using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Code. Among identified smokers, 948 (89.6%) were eligible for intervention by age (≥18 years) or parental consent, 736 (70%) agreed to participate in telephone counseling, 691 (65%) completed one or more counseling calls, and 499 (47%) completed all planned calls. Telephone delivery of the personalized MI and CBST counseling intervention to a general population of adolescents was done with greater than 90% adherence to the intervention protocol. Review of the random sample of counselors’ calls demonstrated that more than 85% of counselors’ calls met or exceeded benchmark scores for four of six evaluated behaviors: MI spirit (99.1%), empathy (96.2%), ratio of reflections to questions (97.2%), and MI adherent (85.7%). An effective proactive telephone counseling intervention consisting of MI and CBST can be successfully implemented with reach and fidelity in a general population of adolescent smokers.
Evidence or eminence: optimising patient outcomes by choosing the right doctor?
Authors: Peter Laszlo Lakatos, Gabor Veres
Journal: Gut (2012)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large bowel, characterised by a relapsing-remitting course, frequently requiring hospitalisation.1 Despite significant advances in therapy over the past decades, a significant proportion of the patients still come ultimately to colectomy. Relatively few data (around 25%) are available on the hospitalisation rates in UC; however, it appears that despite advances in treatment algorithms, hospitalisation and colectomy rates have not decreased in the last decade in UC. In general, hospitalisation rates are two–threefold higher compared with the general population.2 Moreover, stable hospitalisation rates have been reported from the US by using 1990 to 2003 National Hospital Discharge Survey data (8.2–12.4 per 100 000 people)1 and in a population-based cohort from Canada between 1994 and 2001 (12.6–13.3 per 100 000 people), with major surgery being an important reason for hospitalisation in the latter study (55%).3 By contrast, increasing hospitalisation rates have been reported in another study done in the US by analysing the nationwide inpatient sample data between 1998 and 2004,4 with an annual 3% increase in hospitalisation rates, although surgical rates remained stable.

The reasons for hospitalisation in UC may be several, including infectious diseases, but these patients typically have acute severe colitis (ASC). ASC is a significant clinical condition affecting about 20% of UC patients during the disease course. Overall, the management of these patients is challenging. Murthy et al report an important study of the impact of gastroenterology specialist care compared with care by other providers …
Asbestos-Induced Lung Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Proliferation Are Altered in Myeloperoxidase-Null Mice
Authors: Astrid Haegens, Albert van der Vliet, Kelly J. Butnor, Nicholas Heintz, Douglas Taatjes, David Hemenway, Pamela Vacek, Bruce A. Freeman, Stanley L. Hazen, Marie Luise Brennan, Brooke T. Mossman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Asbestos fibers are carcinogens causing oxidative stress and inflammation, but the sources and ramifications of oxidant production by asbestos are poorly understood. Here, we show that inhaled chrysotile asbestos fibers cause increased myeloperoxidase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and myeloperoxidase immunoreactivity in epithelial cells lining distal bronchioles and alveolar ducts, sites of initial lung deposition of asbestos fibers. In comparison with sham mice, asbestos-exposed myeloperoxidase-null (MPO-/-) and normal (MPO+/+) mice exhibited comparable increases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, predominately neutrophils, in BALF after 9 days of asbestos inhalation. Differential cell counts on BALF revealed decreased proportions of macrophages and increased lymphocytes in all mice exposed to asbestos, but numbers were decreased overall in asbestos-exposed myeloperoxidase-null versus normal mice. Asbestos-associated lung inflammation in myeloperoxidase-null mice was reduced (P < or = 0.05) in comparison with normal asbestos-exposed mice at 9 days. Decreased lung inflammation in asbestos-exposed myeloperoxidase-null mice at 9 days was accompanied by increases (P < or = 0.05) in Ki-67- and cyclin D1-positive immunoreactive cells, markers of cell cycle reentry, in the distal bronchiolar epithelium. Asbestos-induced epithelial cell proliferation in myeloperoxidase-null mice at 30 days was comparable to that found at 9 days. In contrast, inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation in asbestos-exposed normal mice increased over time. These results support the hypothesis that myeloperoxidase status modulates early asbestos-induced oxidative stress, epithelial cell proliferation, and inflammation.
Tissue and blood superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde levels in different clinical severities of acne vulgaris
Authors: Nermeen S.A. Abdel Fattah, M.A. Shaheen, A.A. Ebrahim, E.S. El Okda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Acne vulgaris is one of the commonest dermatological diseases and its pathogenesis is multifactorial.To determine the role of oxidative stress in acne vulgaris and to determine a possible link with the clinical severity.Twenty-three patients with different grades of acne vulgaris and 23 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured spectrophotometrically at tissue and blood levels.There were no significant differences in SOD activities and MDA levels between patients and controls. However, significant differences were found in patients with severe acne in comparison with those with mild and moderate acne. Moreover, comparison between different patient subgroups and controls revealed statistically significantly higher SOD activities in patients with mild acne in comparison with patients with moderate and severe acne, and with controls. Furthermore, severe acne showed statistically significantly lower SOD activities and higher MDA levels when compared with other patient subgroups and controls.Oxidative stress exists in patients with acne vulgaris and may play a role in aetiopathogenesis and/or progression of the disease. The addition of drugs with antioxidative effects seems to be valuable in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Preparation of the cervix for surgical termination of pregnancy in the first trimester
Authors: K. Singh
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

Worldwide, surgical vacuum aspiration is the method of choice of terminating first trimester unwanted pregnancy. Cervical priming prior to surgical evacuation reduces the risks of cervical injury by making the cervix softer and easier to dilate. Over the years, a number of effective methods of cervical priming have became available: osmotic dilators; antiprogesterone and prostaglandins. Of these, prostaglandins remain the most widely used method of cervical preparation. However many of the natural and synthetic analogues of prostaglandins are either expensive or associated with troublesome side-effects. More recently, misoprostol, a synthetic 15-deoxy-16 hydroxy 16-methyl analogue of naturally occurring prostaglandin E, used in the manangement of peptic ulcers, has established a lead for cervical priming in terms of availability, ease of administration, cost and effectiveness. In fact it appears that both oral and vaginal misoprostol given at dosages of 400 μg are effective for cervical priming when administered 3 h prior to surgical vacuum aspiration. Now that the use of misoprostol for cervical priming has been validated, its widespread use in gynaecological practice is expected.