tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postnatal Changes in Renal Glomerular Blood Flow Distribution in Puppies
Authors: Hermann Olbing, M. Donald Blaufox, Lorenzo C. Aschinberg, Geraldine I. Silkalns, Jay Bernstein, Adrian Spitzer, Chester M. Edelmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The intrarenal distribution of radionuclide microspheres injected into the thoracic aorta was used to examine glomerular blood flow distribution (GBFD) in 26 healthy, unanesthetized puppies, ranging in age from 5 h to 42 days, and in 5 adult dogs. For analysis, the cortex was divided into four equally thick zones designated zone I (subcapsular) to zone IV (juxtamedullary). During the first 36 h of life, the highest flow rate was in zone II, which received 35.5+/-2.0%/g, compared with 26.8+/-1.4% to zone I, 23.7+/-1.4% to zone III, and 13.4+/-1.4% to zone IV. At age 6 wk, zone I had the highest rate of perfusion (48.6+/-2.1%, compared with 28.8+/-1.4% in zone II, 15.8+/-0.8%, in zone III, and 6.8+/-0.6% in zone IV). The 6-wk old animals resembled the adult animals, except for relatively greater perfusion per gram of zone I in the former group. Changes in relative GBFD did not correlate with those in arterial pressure or peripheral hematocrit. The distribution of glomeruli among the four zones of the cortex followed its own pattern of development. At birth and at 6 wk, the greatest density of glomeruli was in zone I (50.6+/-5.4 and 42.7+/-3.9%/g respectively, as compared with 24.1+/-2.9% in adults); in adults zone II contained the greatest density (39.1+/-1.6%). At birth the relative perfusion of glomeruli in zone I was only one-fifth that of glomeruli in zone IV, with intermediate values in zones II and III. By 6 wk of age, increased perfusion of the outer cortical glomeruli resulted in rates of flow in the four zones that did not differ significantly from each other. Relative perfusion in zone I continued to increase, so that in the adult animals perfusion in that zone was significantly greater than in the three deeper zones. These data demonstrate the marked hemodynamic changes that take place within the kidney during the first few weeks of life. The relatively greater blood flow of the most deeply situated nephrons in the early postnatal period suggests ascendancy of this population of nephrons and may have important functional implications.
Influence of moderate alcohol consumption on obstructive sleep apnoea with and without AutoSet nasal CPAP therapy
Authors: H Teschler, M Berthon-Jones, T Wessendorf, HJ Meyer, N Konietzko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Snoring worsens with high alcohol consumption. It is unclear whether moderate alcohol intake worsens sleep and breathing in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), and whether alcohol increases the pressure requirement for nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Fourteen adult males with untreated OSAS but without heart or lung disease were studied (age 53+/-9 yrs, body mass index (BMI) 33+/-5 kg x m(-2) (mean+/-SD). The subjects underwent overnight polysomnography on four occasions: control, alcohol, CPAP, and alcohol + CPAP. On the alcohol nights, the subjects drank 1.5 mL x kg(-1) body weight (BW) vodka (40% alcohol by volume) (blood alcohol with and without CPAP 0.45+/-0.1 and 0.47+/-0.2 mg x mL(-1) (mean+/-SD)). On the CPAP nights, the pressure required to prevent apnoea, snoring, and silent inspiratory airflow limitation was determined using an autotitrating nasal CPAP system (ResCare AutoSet). Alcohol and control nights were performed in random order. Without CPAP, alcohol produced a small non-significant decrease in the percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (control 11+/-2 vs alcohol 8+/-1% (mean+/-SEM)), but with CPAP there was no such effect (control 15+/-2 vs 17+/-2%; CPA x alcohol interaction p=0.015). With CPAP, slow-wave sleep in the first 2 h increased slightly with alcohol (control 39+/-6 vs alcohol 51+/-4%; p=0.004). Arousal index without CPAP increased slightly with alcohol (control 43+/-5 vs alcohol 49+/-6 events x h(-1); p=0.02). There was little or no effect of alcohol on other sleep stages, arousal index, apnoea index, apnoea/hypopnoea index, mean or longest event duration, mean or worst arterial oxygen saturation, with or without CPAP, either for the full night or for the first 2 h. There was no change in the pressure requirement for CPAP (full night: control 11.9+/-0.9 vs alcohol 12.5+/-0.9 cm H2O; first 2 h: 10.9+/-0.6 vs 11.1+/-0.8 cm H2O). Moderate alcohol intake (in the form of vodka) has little effect on breathing or saturation during sleep in subjects with mild-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea, and no effect on the pressure required for continuous positive airway pressure in order to prevent apnoea, snoring, and flow limitation. These results cannot be extrapolated to other doses or forms of alcohol, or to subjects with concurrent heart or lung disease.
Effect of polymer coating on faecal recovery of ingested 5-amino salicylic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Authors: H A Mardini, D C Lindsay, C M Deighton, C O Record
Journal: Gut (1987)

It has been suggested that polymer coating might retard jejunal absorption of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) and thus promote delivery to its colonic site of action. Twenty three patients with active (nine), or quiescent (14) ulcerative colitis were given either uncoated or coated 5-ASA (Asacol) 400 mg qds for one to three weeks, after which they ingested five 1.5 ml dialysis membrane sachets which were recovered from the stool in the next 72 hours. After one week of treatment the concentration of 5-ASA in the faecal dialysate, urine, and fasting plasma in those receiving the coated and uncoated preparations were respectively: 25.4 +/- 5.1 compared with 1.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (p less than 0.001); 0.34 +/- 0.21 compared with 0.70 +/- 0.29 mmol/24h (NS) and 11.1 +/- 4.2 compared with 0.07 +/- 0.03 mumol/l (p less than 0.02). Faecal excretion of the drug appeared to be greater in patients with active colitis than in those with quiescent disease. Thus coating with pH dependent methacrylic acid copolymer B is a very effective method of promoting delivery of 5-ASA to the colon, stool dialysate concentrations being 20 fold more than those in controls. Increased trough plasma concentrations in the polymer coating group probably reflect delayed intestinal absorption but no evidence of plasma accumulation after 21 days of therapy was found.
Validation of the preliminary criteria for the classification of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: R. Cervera, J. Font, J. A. Gomez-Puerta, G. Espinosa, M. Cucho, S. Bucciarelli, M. Ramos-Casals, M. Ingelmo, J.-C. Piette, Y. Shoenfeld, R. A. Asherson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To describe the characteristics of patients with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) included in the International Registry of patients with this condition (CAPS registry) and to analyse the value of the recently proposed preliminary criteria for the classification of catastrophic APS. <b>Methods:</b> A review of the first 220 patients included in the website based CAPS registry was undertaken and the preliminary criteria for their classification were tested; 175 unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or APS, or both, acted as controls. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of the patients was 38 (14) years (range 7 to 74), with a female preponderance (F/M, 153/67). The main clinical manifestations included renal involvement in 154 (70%), pulmonary in 146 (66%), cerebral in 133 (60%), cardiac in 115 (52%), and cutaneous in 104 (47%); 114 patients (52%) recovered after the catastrophic APS event (mortality 48%). Patients who received the combination of anticoagulation plus steroids plus plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulins had the best survival rate (63%, p = 0.09). Sufficient data could be analysed for application of the classification criteria in 176 patients. According to the preliminary criteria, 89 patients (51%) could be classified as having "definite" and 70 (40%) as having "probable" catastrophic APS, thus given a sensitivity of 90.3% with a specificity of 99.4%. Positive and negative predictive values were 99.4% and 91.1%, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The preliminary criteria for the classification of catastrophic APS and the CAPS registry are useful tools for epidemiological studies.
Asthma exacerbations {middle dot} 5: Assessment and management of severe asthma in adults in hospital
Authors: S. Aldington, R. Beasley
Journal: Thorax (2007)

It is difficult to understand why there is such a huge discrepancy between the management of severe asthma recommended by evidence-based guidelines and that observed in clinical practice. The recommendations are relatively straightforward and have been widely promoted both in guidelines and reviews. Specialist physicians need to be more proactive in their implementation of such guidelines through the use of locally derived protocols and assessment sheets, reinforced by audit. The common occurrence of severe asthma and its considerable burden to the community would support such an approach.
Effective Exercise Modality to Reduce Insulin Resistance in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Darcye J. Cuff, Graydon S. Meneilly, Alan Martin, Andrew Ignaszewski, Hugh D. Tildesley, Jiri J. Frohlich
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a combined resistance and aerobic training program would improve insulin sensitivity compared with aerobic training alone in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. A second objective was to relate the improved insulin sensitivity to changes in abdominal adipose tissue (AT) and thigh muscle density. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 28 obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of three 16-week treatments: control, aerobic only training (Ae only), or aerobic plus resistance training (Ae+RT). Pre- and posttreatment outcome measures included glucose disposal by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and computed tomography scans of abdominal AT and mid-thigh skeletal muscle. RESULTS—Glucose infusion rates increased significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the Ae+RT group. Both exercise groups had reduced abdominal subcutaneous and visceral AT and increased muscle density. The Ae+RT training group exhibited a significantly greater increase in muscle density than the Ae only group. Improved glucose disposal was independently associated with changes in subcutaneous AT, visceral AT, and muscle density. Muscle density retained a relationship with glucose disposal after controlling for abdominal AT. CONCLUSIONS—Adding resistance training to aerobic training enhanced glucose disposal in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. The improved insulin sensitivity is related to loss of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral AT and to increased muscle density.
TWO CASES OF MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
Authors: E. GRAHAM LITTLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1910)

Journal Article TWO CASES OF MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM Get access E. GRAHAM LITTLE, M.D., F.R.C.P. E. GRAHAM LITTLE, M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 22, Issue 6, 1 June 1910, Pages 181–191, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1910.tb16624.x Published: 01 June 1910
A NEW TOPICAL SPRAY AGENT TO PROTECT PATIENTS ON CHLORPROMAZINE FROM SUNLIGHT
Authors: IVAN W. SLETTEN, RAMON M. FUSARO, WALTER J. RUNGE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

This protective method will be of value in patients taking chlorpromazine. The aerosol spray is simple to apply and need not be applied more than once every five days once the protective filter is induced. It has protected patients who are on chlorpromazine, but whether it will be useful in protecting from other phenothiazine sunburn reaction we are unable to say. We expect that the broad spectral absorption characteristies of this induced topical keratin filter will protect patients who are taking other phenothiazines. Each spraying took only a few seconds; in our experiment we estimated that the total staff time per patient for the 4 months of the study was 30 minutes. This gave the staff more time to spend with patients as they did not have to seek every few minutes the patients who were on chlorpromazine to see if they were wearing their protective clothes. We found that this protection from sunlight permitted more freedom for the patients since they could participate in outdoor activities during the summer without fear that they would be severely sunburned.
RESPONSE: Re: Efficacy of Breast Cancer Screening in the Community According to Risk Level
Authors: Joann G. Elmore, Noel S. Weiss, William E. Barlow, Suzanne W. Fletcher, Lisa M. Reisch, Mary B. Barton, Sharon J. Rolnick, Sarah M. Greene, Gene Hart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)
Boundaries of Major Depression: An Evaluation of DSM-IV Criteria
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Charles O. Gardner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Little is known about the boundaries between major depression and milder subsyndromal depressive states. With respect to depressive symptoms, does DSM-IV "carve nature at its joints"?In personally interviewed female twins from a population-based registry, the authors examined whether a range of values along three dimensions of the depressive syndrome assessed in the last year (number of symptoms listed in DSM-III-R under diagnostic criterion A for major depressive episode, level of severity or impairment required to score symptoms as present, and duration of episode) predicted future depressive episodes in the index twin and risk of major depression in the co-twin.An increasing number of criterion A symptoms predicted, in a monotonic fashion, a greater risk for future depressive episodes in the index twin as well as a greater risk for major depression in the co-twin. No such consistent relationship was seen with duration of episode. For severity, a single monotonic function predicted risk in the co-twin, while index twins with severe impairment had a substantially higher risk for future episodes than did those with less severe impairment. Four or fewer criterion A symptoms, syndromes composed of symptoms involving no or minimal impairment, and episodes of less than 14 days' duration all significantly predicted both future depressive episodes in the index twin and risk of major depression in the co-twin.The authors found little empirical support for the DSM-IV requirements for 2 weeks' duration, five symptoms, or clinically significant impairment. Most functions appeared continuous. These results suggest that major depression--as articulated by DSM-IV--may be a diagnostic convention imposed on a continuum of depressive symptoms of varying severity and duration.
Cyclooxygenase-1 Participates in Selected Vasodilator Responses of the Cerebral Circulation
Authors: Kiyoshi Niwa, Cindy Haensel, M. Elizabeth Ross, Costantino Iadecola
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a prostanoid-synthesizing enzyme present in 2 isoforms: COX-1 and COX-2. Although it has long been hypothesized that prostanoids participate in cerebrovascular regulation, the lack of adequate pharmacological tools has led to conflicting results and has not permitted investigators to define the relative contribution of COX-1 and COX-2. We used the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 and COX-1–null (COX-1 −/− ) mice to investigate whether COX-1 plays a role in cerebrovascular regulation. Mice were anesthetized (urethane and chloralose) and equipped with a cranial window. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry or by the 14 C-iodoantipyrine technique with quantitative autoradiography. In wild-type mice, SC-560 (25 μmol/L) reduced resting CBF by 21±4% and attenuated the CBF increase produced by topical application of bradykinin (−59%) or calcium ionophore A23187 (−49%) and by systemic hypercapnia (−58%) ( P &lt;0.05 to 0.01). However, SC-560 did not reduce responses to acetylcholine or the increase in somatosensory cortex blood flow produced by vibrissal stimulation. In COX-1 −/− mice, resting CBF assessed by 14 C-iodoantipyrine was reduced (−13% to −20%) in cerebral cortex and other telencephalic regions ( P &lt;0.05). The CBF increase produced by bradykinin, A23187, and hypercapnia, but not acetylcholine or vibrissal stimulation, were attenuated ( P &lt;0.05 to 0.01). The free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase attenuated responses to bradykinin and A23187 in wild-type mice but not in COX-1 −/− mice, suggesting that COX-1 is the source of the reactive oxygen species known to mediate these responses. The data provide evidence for a critical role of COX-1 in maintaining resting vascular tone and in selected vasodilator responses of the cerebral microcirculation.
Genetic and Histopathologic Evaluation of<i>BRCA1</i>and<i>BRCA2</i>DNA Sequence Variants of Unknown Clinical Significance
Authors: Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Sue Healey, Sunil Lakhani, Paul Waring, Margaret Cummings, Ross Brinkworth, Amie M. Deffenbaugh, Lynn Anne Burbidge, Dmitry Pruss, Thad Judkins, Tom Scholl, Anna Bekessy, Anna Marsh, Paul Lovelock, Ming Wong, Andrea Tesoriero, Helene Renard, Melissa Southey, John L. Hopper, Koulis Yannoukakos, Melissa Brown, Douglas Easton, Sean V. Tavtigian, David Goldgar, Amanda B. Spurdle
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Classification of rare missense variants as neutral or disease causing is a challenge and has important implications for genetic counseling. A multifactorial likelihood model for classification of unclassified variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has previously been developed, which uses data on co-occurrence of the unclassified variant with pathogenic mutations in the same gene, cosegregation of the unclassified variant with affected status, and Grantham analysis of the fit between the missense substitution and the evolutionary range of variation observed at its position in the protein. We have further developed this model to take into account relevant features of BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated tumors, such as the characteristic histopathology and immunochemical profiles associated with pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, and the fact that approximately 80% of tumors from BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers undergo inactivation of the wild-type allele by loss of heterozygosity. We examined 10 BRCA1 and 15 BRCA2 unclassified variants identified in Australian, multiple-case breast cancer families. By a combination of genetic, in silico, and histopathologic analyses, we were able to classify one BRCA1 variant as pathogenic and six BRCA1 and seven BRCA2 variants as neutral. Five of these neutral variants were also found in at least 1 of 180 healthy controls, suggesting that screening a large number of appropriate controls might be a useful adjunct to other methods for evaluation of unclassified variants.
Expression of a minimal K+ channel protein in mammalian cells and immunolocalization in guinea pig heart.
Authors: L C Freeman, R S Kass
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The minimal K+ channel protein (minK, also called IsK) is structurally dissimilar to other cloned voltage-gated ion channels. minK is a 15-kD polypeptide with only one potential transmembrane helix. Published data suggest that the current associated with minK expression in Xenopus oocytes may be related to the slow cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs). However, the fact that minK expression has been limited exclusively to Xenopus oocytes has caused continuing concern about the nature of this protein and its molecular link to known mammalian K+ channels. We report in the present study the first expression of minK activity in transiently transfected mammalian (HEK 293) cells and demonstrate that the characteristics of the expressed minK current are similar to those of IKs recorded from guinea pig heart cells under similar experimental conditions. We also show that an antibody directed against the minK channel protein reacts with a surface antigen on adult guinea pig ventricular myocytes and sinoatrial nodal cells, where IKs is the dominant outward K+ current. The data provide strong evidence that a minK-like protein underlies IKs.
Antibodies against citrullinated proteins enhance tissue injury in experimental autoimmune arthritis
Authors: K. A. Kuhn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Antibodies against citrullinated proteins are specific and predictive markers for rheumatoid arthritis although the pathologic relevance of these antibodies remains unclear. To investigate the significance of these autoantibodies, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice was used to establish an animal model of antibody reactivity to citrullinated proteins. DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen (CII) at days 0 and 21, and serum was collected every 7 days for analysis. Antibodies against both CII and cyclic citrullinated peptide, one such citrullinated antigen, appeared early after immunization, before joint swelling was observed. Further, these antibodies demonstrated specific binding to citrullinated filaggrin in rat esophagus by indirect immunofluorescence and citrullinated fibrinogen by Western blot. To evaluate the role of immune responses to citrullinated proteins in CIA, mice were tolerized with a citrulline-containing peptide, followed by antigen challenge with CII. Tolerized mice demonstrated significantly reduced disease severity and incidence compared with controls. We also identified novel murine monoclonal antibodies specific to citrullinated fibrinogen that enhanced arthritis when coadministered with a submaximal dose of anti-CII antibodies and bound targets within the inflamed synovium of mice with CIA. These results demonstrate that antibodies against citrullinated proteins are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis.
Favorable Changes in Cardiac Geometry and Function Following Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Theophilus Owan, Erick Avelar, Kimberly Morley, Ronny Jiji, Nathaniel Hall, Joseph Krezowski, James Gallagher, Zachary Williams, Kevin Preece, Nancy Gundersen, Michael B. Strong, Robert C. Pendleton, Nathan Segerson, Tom V. Cloward, James M. Walker, Robert J. Farney, Richard E. Gress, Ted D. Adams, Steven C. Hunt, Sheldon E. Litwin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)