tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE COCK'S-COMB TEST FOR THE ACTIVITY OF ERGOT PREPARATIONS
Authors: ALBERT C. CRAWFORD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

There can be no question as to the value of biologic tests provided we know for what we are testing; thus, in the case of adrenal glands, in which at least one active principle is known, we can say that preparations of this gland have a blood-pressure-raising activity corresponding to a definite amount of epinephrin. As a rule, the depressor principle<sup>1</sup>in these preparations is believed to be negligible, so that we speak of them as containing so much of the pressor compound, and do not consider their action as a resultant of these two factors. Elliott<sup>2</sup>has asserted that by using a biologic method for testing epinephrin solutions he can assay them to within .01 mg. of their correct strength. In the case of preparations of ergot and of digitalis the question is much more complicated, as these drugs are believed to owe their activity to several constituents,
Overexpression of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL-2 Correlates with Breast Tumor Formation and Progression
Authors: Serge Hardy, Nau Nau Wong, William J. Muller, Morag Park, Michel L. Tremblay
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3 phosphatases are prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases with oncogenic activity that are proposed to drive tumor metastasis. We found that PRL-2 mRNA is elevated in primary breast tumors relative to matched normal tissue, and also dramatically elevated in metastatic lymph nodes compared with primary tumors. PRL-2 knockdown in metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells decreased anchorage-independent growth and cell migration, suggesting that the malignant phenotype of these cells is mediated at least in part through PRL-2 signaling. In different mouse mammary tumor-derived cell lines overexpressing PRL-2, we confirmed its role in anchorage-independent growth and cell migration. Furthermore, injection of PRL-2-overexpressing cells into the mouse mammary fat pad promoted extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation and tumor formation. MMTV-PRL-2 transgenic mice engineered to overexpress the enzyme in mammary tissue did not exhibit spontaneous tumorigenesis, but they exhibited an accelerated development of mammary tumors initiated by introduction of an MMTV-ErbB2 transgene. Together, our results argue that PRL-2 plays a role in breast cancer progression.
Infectious Diseases: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Victor L. Yu
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Writing a textbook on infectious diseases for medical students, house staff, and practicing physicians is more difficult than writing a comprehensive reference text. Unlike the reference text, a practical book must be concise, relevant, and, above all, readable. It must not only be clinically oriented, but sufficient pathophysiology must also be presented to provide an understanding of the infectious disease. If the text is overly comprehensive, it may prove tedious and even irrelevant for its selected audience. If it is too superficial, it may prove useless in the management of actual clinical cases. These are the challenges the editors of<i>Infectious Diseases: Diagnosis and Management</i>(all from the Division of Infectious Diseases at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center) must meet. The book is divided into four sections: diagnostic and laboratory procedures, infections according to organ site or syndrome, infections according to pathogen, and antimicrobial therapy. The strength of this book is its
Meperidine in Conjunction With Cholescintigraphy to Diagnose Acute Cholecystitis in a Patient Allergic to Morphine
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, JANICE FONG, MARY LEA GORA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Cholescintigraphy with morphine augmentation is used routinely to expedite the differential diagnosis of acute from chronic cholecystitis. A patient with hepatic dysfunction and an allergy to morphine received intravenous meperidine in conjunction with cholescintigraphy. The gallbladder was not visualized 30 minutes after administration of the drug. However, the activity accumulated in the initial photon deficient gallbladder at 4 hours after meperidine administration (6.5 hours after radiopharmaceutical administration.) These findings may be explained in part by prolongation of meperidine bioavailability because of impairment of hepatic function.
Timing of simvastatin treatment: Authors' reply
Authors: A. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Young, Ewald, and Calvert et al raise an important design issue about the interval between giving simvastatin (evening or morning) and collecting blood samples (morning) for assessing cholesterol concentrations. Simvastatin not only lowers plasma cholesterol concentrations but markedly reduces their diurnal variation.1 Hence, bias arising from differences in the interval between drug administration and blood collection should …
Perceptual symbol systems and emotion
Authors: Louis C. Charland
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

In his target article, Barsalou cites current work on emotion theory but does not explore its relevance for this project. The connection is worth pursuing, since there is a plausible case to be made that emotions form a distinct symbolic information processing system of their own. On some views, that system is argued to be perceptual: a direct connection with Barsalou's perceptual symbol systems theory. Also relevant is the hypothesis that there may be different modular subsystems within emotion and the perennial tension between cognitive and perceptual theories of emotion.
Barbiturates may differ in effects on immune system
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Patients in whom coma is induced by barbiturates for treatment of head injuries or cerebrovascular disease face an increased risk of serious infection and a decrease in their WBC counts. Now a preliminary in vitro study suggests an explanation. Edward A. Neuwelt, MD, associate professor of neurosurgery and assistant professor of biochemistry at the University of Oregon School of Medicine, Portland, and colleagues assessed the effects of phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and thiopental on lymphocyte function by adding a mitogen (phytohemagglutin) to cultures of lymphocytes. Under normal circumstances the mitogen will "trick" the lymphocyte receptors and induce blastogenesis, or cell growth, just as if viruses or other antigens were present. After incubating lymphocytes from normal volunteers for 72 hours in a mixture of culture medium, mitogen, and a (clinically observed) range of concentrations of barbiturates (20 to 1,000 μg/mL), the investigators found that thiopental decreased lymphocyte blastogenesis significantly more than pentobarbital or
Regulations on medical research need to be reinterpreted not rewritten
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Removing the barriers that are currently “stifling” medical research in the United Kingdom will not require new rules on clinical trials to be written but for existing ones to be reinterpreted, the body charged with reviewing the regulation and governance of medical research has said.

The European Clinical Trial Directive, implemented in 2004, was intended to harmonise research across the continent and improve competitiveness in Europe. But it has been interpreted differently in different countries and in the UK has become “unbelievably complicated and burdensome, and, in many cases, it is not appropriate,” said Michael Rawlins, chair of the working party of the Academy of Medical Sciences, which is conducting the review. He was speaking at a press briefing on 20 May, two days after the first meeting of the working party.

The review was commissioned in March by the then secretary …
Functional Recovery after Myocardial Infarction in Men: The Independent Effects of Social Class
Authors: Jeannette R. Ickovics
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Social class has been repeatedly associated with cardiovascular-related illness and death, but no studies have examined the effect of social class on recovery from myocardial infarction. Moreover, few studies have simultaneously evaluated a broad array of demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors that may influence health outcomes after myocardial infarction. Objective: To determine whether social class remains independently associated with functional recovery after myocardial infarction, even after controlling for clinical, demographic, and psychosocial factors known to influence outcomes after infarction. Design: Analysis of prospective data from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Setting: 25 hospitals or clinical settings in the United States and Canada that participated in the Beta Blocker Heart Attack Trial, including the Health Insurance Plan substudy. Patients: 2145 men 29 to 69 years of age who were hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and were recruited into the Beta Blocker Heart Attack Trial. Measurements: The primary outcome was change in New York Heart Association functional class between baseline assessment and 12 months after infarction, dichotomized as improved or not improved (that is, no change, decline in at least one category, or death). Results: Social class maintained its independent effect on improved functional status, even after controlling for pertinent prognostic factors. Persons of high social class were significantly more likely than persons of low or middle social class to have improved functional status 1 year after infarction. Certain clinical, demographic, and psychosocial features were related to recovery, but the effect of social class could not be explained by these additional features. Conclusions: Social class has a substantial influence on recovery from myocardial infarction and may explain differences in clinical outcomes.
Clinics in general practice. A case for the gynaecologist?
Authors: K G Dickinson, R M Adam
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The case of a 31-year-old female patient with 2 children who was sterilized 7 years ago at age 24 years and has a 3-year history of low bilateral abdominal pain is discussed. The patient was investigated at the surgical outpatient department and has been recommended to a gynecologist. The symptoms lack suggestion of gynecological disease. Some of the questions to be asked are why she was sterilized, why not her husband, and what method was used. Were there any complications in sterilization operations 7 years ago that resulted in abdominal pain? Whoever takes on the case should question what the quality of the woman's life was before the operation and how it has since changed. It would be helpful to know if she would have liked a 3rd child and if her sexual feelings have changed. At the time she was sterilized, it was unusual for a woman to be sterilized at the age of 24 years with 2 children. There were probably strong medical or psychiatric indications then. One suspects either tubal disease after sterilization or chronic pelvic inflammatory disease as the likely diagnosis. If it becomes apparent that she wants another baby perhaps tubal reanastomosis could be accomplished.
Russia warned of collapse of health system
Authors: M. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A leading Russian doctor has appealed to his government to prevent the collapse of the health service at a time when the country is overwhelmed by medical disasters. Dr Vyacheslav Alexeyev, professor of the international health department of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, said in a letter to the government, “The social consequences of the miserable state of public health are already being felt: we hear daily reports of negative population growth, the return ofsome …
Abstract 3809: Effects of honokiol on UACC-62 and SKMEL-2 melanoma cell lines
Authors: Ruth F. Guillermo, Jonathan M. Stevens, Radhey S. Kaushik, Alan Young, David Zeman, Chandradhar Dwivedi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Honokiol is a plant lignan extracted from the magnolia bark tree, previous studies from our laboratory showed its chemopreventive effects in a UVB-induced skin cancer model, as well as pro-apoptotic effects in A431 squamous cancer cell line. Studies from other groups have reported antineoplastic effects in different cancer models as well. In this study, the antineoplastic effects of honokiol were evaluated in vivo and in vitro against UACC-62 cell line that harbors mutated BRAF, CDK4i, PTEN and against SKMEL-2 cell line that presents NRAF, and TP53 mutated genes. For the in vivo studies, nude male mice were injected subcutaneously with 5x106 UACC-62 or SKMEL-2 cells. The next day animals were randomized into control and treatment groups, each group containing 20 animals. The control group received 250 αl of sesame oil intraperitoneally (IP), the treatment groups received honokiol dissolved in sesame oil; 1.25 mg (IP) in the UACC-62 group and 50 mg/kg (IP) in the SKMEL-2 injected mice. Animals were treated three times a week, for 5-7 weeks. Tumors’ incidence, multiplicity and volume were recorded every three days, mice's weights and external signs of toxicity were also closely monitored. Tumor tissues were collected for histopathology, Western blots, and PCR arrays. For the in vitro studies, both cell lines were evaluated for cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis by TUNEL assay, cell cycle arrest by propidium iodide staining, and Western blots for proteins expressions. Honokiol treatment significantly reduced (p&amp;lt;0.05) tumor volumes in both xenograft experiments. No evident signs of toxicity were observed in the honokiol treated animals. In both cell lines, honokiol significantly decreased (p&amp;lt;0.05) cell viability and proliferation, honokiol caused cell cycle arrest in Go/G1 phase in UACC-62 cell line, while it caused accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase in SKMEL-2 cell line; honokiol significantly increased the DNA fragmentation in both cell lines. Honokiol strongly decreased the expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin D2 and cyclin B1 while increasing the cleavage of caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 and PARP in both cell lines. In UACC-62 honokiol decreased the expressions of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin E, cdc2p34 and p21. In SKMEL-2, honokiol decreased the expression of CDK4, PCNA and increased the expression of p21. These findings suggest that honokiol is a good candidate for further studies as a treatment for malignant melanoma. This work is supported by a Translational Cancer Center Research Grant, funded as 2010 Research Initiative Center by the State of South Dakota. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3809. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3809
Detection of nephritogenic antigen from the Lewis rat renal tubular basement membrane
Authors: Hiromichi Yoshida, Yoko Wakashin, Shiro Ueda, Ryosaku Azemoto, Kenji Iesato, Shunichi Yamamoto, Teruo Mori, Makoto Ogawa, Yoshio Mori, Masafumi Wakashin
Journal: Kidney International (1990)
Relative impact of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration and insulin resistance on carotid wall thickening in nondiabetic, normotensive volunteers
Authors: Pei-Wen Wang, Chia-Wei Liou, Shan-Tair Wang, Hock-Liow Eng, Rue-Tsuan Liu, Shih-Chen Tung, Wen-Yen Chien, Yung-Chuan Lu, Ming-Chun Kuo, Ching-Jung Hsieh, Cheng-Hsiung Chen, Jung-Fu Chen, James W. Chu, Gerald M. Reaven
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
Sulindac-lnduced Stevens-Johnson Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Syndrome
Authors: Leonard Levitt
Journal: JAMA (1980)

DURING the past few years, a number of nonsteroidal, nonsalicylate, anti-inflammatory drugs have been introduced; the newest of these is sulindac.<sup>1</sup>With any newly introduced medication, uncommon but potentially serious side effects may not become evident until the drug has been used by a large number of persons. We observed a patient who had a blistering, erosive, potentially lethal cutaneous reaction that was probably induced by sulindac. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 39-year-old nurse in a petrochemical plant who was in excellent health suffered a painful traumatic injury to her right shoulder after slipping on ice. She was treated with sulindac, 400 mg/day. On the 15th day of sulindac therapy, she noted a pruritic, macular, erythematous eruption on her chest. During the following 24 hours, the eruption became generalized over the skin and spread to the oral mucosa and vulva. Coincident with the eruption, shaking chills and pyrexia to
Racial Differences in Coronary Artery Bypass Rates-Reply
Authors: Arthur J. Hartz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Hull suggested that we compare the rates of bypass surgery for whites and blacks by hospitals. This comparison is not feasible at the present time. To calculate rates for individual hospitals, it is necessary to have in the denominator the number of all persons who may potentially come to that hospital for care. Hull's idea that the patient setting influences whether a patient receives surgery should be pursued, however. Our analyses were only able to document differences in the care received for elderly blacks and whites in different regions of the country. Other studies will be necessary to find the reasons for these differences.
Orthopedics Research Now Asks, 'Does It Work?' Rather Than Just, 'How Is Procedure Performed?'
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

LEADERS in orthopedic surgery are embracing outcomes research as a way to avoid the consequences of what they acknowledge is the specialty's generally weak scientific literature. "Overt enthusiasm" for sophisticated diagnostic and treatment methods "has not been altogether matched by a similar sophistication in our thought," says John Goodfellow, MD, editor of the British edition of the<i>Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery</i>. Today's cost-containment pressures are demanding explanation of large increases and wide variation in use of the specialty's often expensive elective procedures, especially in the absence of data on these procedures' long-term benefits, risks, and limitations, agreed speakers at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons meeting in Anaheim, Calif. <h3>What Does Patient Say?</h3> Looking at patient satisfaction with the outcome of therapy, as opposed to traditional orthopedic research on how to perform procedures, "is important to try to work our way out of this morass," says Robert Keller,
Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis by Peritoneoscopy
Authors: N. Cortesi, A. Manenti, G. Bruni
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

The authors report a case of acute pancreatitis, where diagnosis was made by peritoneoscopy and was confirmed by peritoneoscopic biopsy. They suggest the usefulness of peritoneoscopic investigation in cases of acute abdominal syndromes.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Pelargonium × hortorum: Organization and Evolution of the Largest and Most Highly Rearranged Chloroplast Genome of Land Plants
Authors: Timothy W. Chumley, Jeffrey D. Palmer, Jeffrey P. Mower, H. Matthew Fourcade, Patrick J. Calie, Jeffrey L. Boore, Robert K. Jansen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

The chloroplast genome of Pelargonium x hortorum has been completely sequenced. It maps as a circular molecule of 217,942 bp and is both the largest and most rearranged land plant chloroplast genome yet sequenced. It features 2 copies of a greatly expanded inverted repeat (IR) of 75,741 bp each and, consequently, diminished single-copy regions of 59,710 and 6,750 bp. Despite the increase in size and complexity of the genome, the gene content is similar to that of other angiosperms, with the exceptions of a large number of pseudogenes, the recognition of 2 open reading frames (ORF56 and ORF42) in the trnA intron with similarities to previously identified mitochondrial products (ACRS and pvs-trnA), the losses of accD and trnT-ggu and, in particular, the presence of a highly divergent set of rpoA-like ORFs rather than a single, easily recognized gene for rpoA. The 3-fold expansion of the IR (relative to most angiosperms) accounts for most of the size increase of the genome, but an additional 10% of the size increase is related to the large number of repeats found. The Pelargonium genome contains 35 times as many 31 bp or larger repeats than the unrearranged genome of Spinacia. Most of these repeats occur near the rearrangement hotspots, and 2 different associations of repeats are localized in these regions. These associations are characterized by full or partial duplications of several genes, most of which appear to be nonfunctional copies or pseudogenes. These duplications may also be linked to the disruption of at least 1 but possibly 2 or 3 operons. We propose simple models that account for the major rearrangements with a minimum of 8 IR boundary changes and 12 inversions in addition to several insertions of duplicated sequence.
A study on effectiveness between set and SHT teaching modules in acquiring speed and accuracy, knowledge acquisition, 3 versus 3 game play (ball control, decision making and skill execution) among students of varying skill levels in hockey
Authors: Sanmuga Nathan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The study examined the effectiveness of two teaching modules of Style E Tactical (SET) and Style H Tactical (SHT) on school boys' in acquiring speed and accuracy in executing general hockey skill, declarative and procedural knowledge as well as ball control, decision making and skill execution in 3 versus 3 hockey game play. The samples (n = 225 for general hockey skill and knowledge acquisition and n = 108) school boys aged 12–13 years old were divided equally into groups of high skilled boys (HSB), medium skilled boys and low skilled boys (LSB). The findings indicated the two models were effective for all skill groups on speed and accuracy, declarative knowledge, ball control, decision making and skill execution in 3 versus 3 hockey game plays except for procedural knowledge. SHT was the most effective teaching modules for HSB compared to other skills group in declarative knowledge, ball control, decision making and skill execution in 3 versus 3 game plays. SHT teaching module was also most effective for LSB compared to other skills group in speed of executing general skills in hockey. Whereas SET module was most effective for HSB compared to other skills groups in accuracy executing hockey general skills.
Influence of Spironolactone on Serum Digoxin Concentration
Authors: Joseph A. Paladino
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to call attention to the interaction of spironolactone with digoxin. Previously reported in specialty journals, this information is rarely found in the general medical literature. We report a case that illustrates likely interaction. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> An 81-year-old woman with multiple medical problems, including chronically elevated results of liver function tests and congestive heart failure, was admitted to the hospital for treatment of gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Bibasalar rales were evident on lung examination, and a chest roentgenogram disclosed bilateral pleural effusions. An electrocardiogram demonstrated a normal sinus rhythm; her pulse rate was 92 beats per minute. She had been compliant on her medication regimen, which included digoxin and spironolactone. Digoxin was withheld on admission and use of spironolactone was discontinued soon after. The admission serum digoxin concentration (SDC), drawn approximately 12 hours after the last dose, was reported as 2.4 ng/mL. The patient