tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Amyloidosis and Paraproteinemia in Seven Transplantation Sublines of a Murine Plasma Cell Leukemia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P Ebbesen, R Rask-Nielsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Seven transplantation sublines and their development from a spontaneous γ-globulin paraprotein producing plasma cell leukemia in a (CBA × DBA/2)F1 mouse are described, and special attention is given to concomitant amyloidosis and paraproteinemia. In the first 4 transfer generations of the spontaneous leukemia the survival time varied from 5–22 months. Eighteen of twenty-three mice developed generalized plasma cell leukemia. Electrophoresis showed γ-globulin paraproteinemia in most mice. Amyloidosis was found in 9 mice of this group. Transplantation sublines were established from 1 mouse in the first and from 6 mice in the fourth transfer generation. In these sublines the survival time rapidly decreased to 40–20 days and the incidence of takes was 100%. The mice developed generalized leukemic infiltrations with the same cellular morphology in all 7 sublines. Amyloid was found exclusively in renal glomeruli in 2 sublines with electrophoretically normal serum protein pattern. None of the characteristics of “myeloma kidney” were present and no Bence Jones protein was found in the urine from these or the other sublines. In a third subline with γ-globulin paraproteinemia, the spleen was the only organ showing deposits of amyloid. The remaining 4 sublines, 1 of which showed γ-globulin paraproteinemia, were not associated with amyloidosis. The staining reactions were the same for kidney and spleen amyloid. The etiologic connection between the plasma cell leukemia and the development of amyloidosis is discussed.
Effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin (OF-IN) on bacterial composition and disease activity of patients with Crohn's disease: results from a double-blinded randomised controlled trial: Table 1
Authors: Marie Joossens, Vicky De Preter, Vera Ballet, Kristin Verbeke, Paul Rutgeerts, Severine Vermeire
Journal: Gut (2011)

With great interest, we have read the manuscript by Benjamin et al 1 on the effect of fructo-oligosaccharides in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). We recently completed a single-centre randomised placebo-controlled trial with a similar study design. In our study, 67 patients with inactive and mild to moderately active CD were randomised to receive oligofructose-enriched inulin (OF-IN) or placebo 10 g twice daily for 4 weeks. Clinical disease activity was assessed …
Reduction by adenosine of the isoproterenol-induced increase in cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation and glycogen phosphorylase activity in rat heart muscle.
Authors: J G Dobson
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

The effect of adenosine on the increase in cardiac cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentration and glycogen phosphorylase activity produced by isoproterenol was investigated.Slices of rat ventricular myocardium 0.5 mm thick weighing 15-20 mg were cut, washed, and incubated at 37 °C in physiological saline gassed with either O2 (oxygenated) or N 2 (anoxia).The concentration of cyclic AMP declined as the time of incubation increased in both oxygenated and anoxic muscle.In oxygenated muscle, isoproterenol, 10 fiM, produced a 2.2-fold increase in cyclic AMP concentration and phosphorylase activity.Adenosine at 1 fiM caused a 35% and 75% reduction in the isoproterenol-produced increase in cyclic AMP concentration and phosphorylase activity, respectively, without affecting basal levels.Reduction of the isoproterenol-elicited increase in cyclic AMP occurred within 2 minutes.Adenosine alone only at a high concentration of 1 nw increased cyclic AMP by 38% in oxygenated muscle.Adenine and inosine did not mimic the effect of adenosine on the isoproterenolinduced augmentation of cyclic AMP.Addition of adenosine deaminase to the physiological saline prevented the effects of adenosine but did not affect basal cyclic AMP.In anoxic tissue, isoproterenol failed to produce an increase in cyclic AMP and phosphorylase.Addition of adenosine deaminase to anoxic tissue resulted in an isoproterenol-produced increase in cyclic AMP, indicating that adenosine may inhibit an isoproterenol-induced increase in cyclic AMP during anoxia.These results suggest that adenosine attenuates the catecholamine-induced increase in cyclic AMP concentration and phosphorylase activity in oxygenated cardiac muscle, whereas, in the anoxic myocardium, adenosine may be responsible for preventing an increase in cyclic AMP upon /J-adrenergic stimulation.Thus, adenosine may antagonize catecholamine elicited glycogenolysis.
Antigen-specific radioimmunoassays for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in the diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
Authors: J L Niles, G L Pan, A B Collins, T Shannon, S Skates, R Fienberg, M A Arnaout, R T McCluskey
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

Circulating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have been described in most patients with "pauci-immune" necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. A 29-kDa serine protease (p29 or proteinase 3) and myeloperoxidase are the two best characterized antigens recognized by ANCA. The study presented here was conducted to define the diagnostic value of assays for antibodies against these two antigens in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Radioimmunoassays were developed for anti-p29 and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies, with purified antigens, and the results of the radioimmunoassays were compared with those obtained by immunofluorescence tests for ANCA. We performed assays on serum samples from 123 patients with the syndrome of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, as well as from 200 blood bank donors and from 717 additional control patients. Without knowledge of the results of ANCA tests, the renal pathologic findings in the 123 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis were analyzed, and 42 were classified as pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, 18 were classified as anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis and 63 were classified as other forms of renal disease. We found radioimmunoassays to be more reliable in the diagnosis of pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis than immunofluorescence testing. By radioimmunoassay, ANCA were found in 40 of 42 patients (95% sensitivity) with pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis (14 with anti-p29 and 26 with anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies). The tests for antibodies to p29 and myeloperoxidase were 99.9 and 99.5% specific for pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, respectively. In the setting of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, a positive radioimmunoassay for anti-p29 or anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies (together with a negative test for anti-GBM antibodies) gives a probability of pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis of over 99%.
A systematic review of ultrasonography in osteoarthritis
Authors: H I Keen, R J Wakefield, P G Conaghan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Background: Ultrasonography has been increasingly utilised to aid the understanding and management of rheumatic conditions. In recent years there has been a focus on the validity and utility of ultrasonography in demonstrating joint pathology, although this has largely focused on inflammatory arthritis. Aims: To undertake a systematic review of the published literature evaluating ultrasonography as an assessment tool in osteoarthritis. Methods: Medline and Pubmed were searched to identify original manuscripts, published before June 2008, utilising ultrasonography to assess the joints of cohorts of subjects with osteoarthritis. Data were extracted from manuscripts meeting the inclusion criteria, with a particular focus on the pathology imaged, the definitions used, scoring systems and their metric properties. Results: Forty-seven studies were identified that utilised ultrasonography to assess structural pathology in osteoarthritis. Doppler function was only assessed in 10 studies and contrast agents in one. There was heterogeneity with regard to the pathology examined, the definition of pathology, quantification and the reporting of these factors. There was also a lack of construct and criterion validity and data demonstrating reliability and sensitivity to change. Conclusions: Whereas there is increasing evidence of the validity of ultrasonography in detecting structural pathology in inflammatory arthritis, more work is required to develop standardised definitions of pathology and to demonstrate the validity of ultrasonography in osteoarthritis.
Brain Serotonin Transporter Distribution in Subjects With Impulsive Aggressivity: A Positron Emission Study With [<sup>11</sup>C]McN 5652
Authors: W. Gordon Frankle, Ilise Lombardo, Antonia S. New, Marianne Goodman, Peter S. Talbot, Yiyun Huang, Dah-Ren Hwang, Mark Slifstein, Susan Curry, Anissa Abi-Dargham, Marc Laruelle, Larry J. Siever
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The serotonin system is believed to play a role in modulating impulsivity and violence. Previous imaging studies have implicated the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive aggression. This study evaluated regional serotonin transporter distribution in the brain of individuals with impulsive aggression by using positron emission tomography (PET) with the serotonin transporter PET radiotracer [11C]McN 5652. METHOD: Ten individuals with impulsive aggression and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects underwent [11C]McN 5652 PET. All individuals were medication free at the time of scanning. Regional total distribution volumes were derived by using a one-tissue compartment kinetic model with arterial input function. Outcome measures of serotonin transporter availability included the binding potential and the specific-to-nonspecific partition coefficient (V3″). RESULTS: Serotonin transporter availability was significantly reduced in the anterior cingulate cortex of individuals with impulsive aggression compared with healthy subjects, as noted by differences in both binding potential (mean=3.1 ml/g [SD=1.9] versus 5.0 ml/g [SD=2.0], respectively) and V3″ (mean=0.15 [SD=0.09] versus 0.26 [SD=0.09]). In other regions examined, serotonin transporter density was nonsignificantly lower in individuals with impulsive aggression compared with healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Pathological impulsive aggressivity might be associated with lower serotonergic innervation in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region that plays an important role in affective regulation.
Short- and long-term efficacy of total parathyroidectomy with immediate autografting compared with subtotal parathyroidectomy in hemodialysis patients.
Authors: E R Gagné, P Ureña, S Leite-Silva, J Zingraff, A Chevalier, E Sarfati, C Dubost, T B Drüeke
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

A retrospective study was performed in chronic hemodialysis patients comparing total parathyroidectomy (PTX) followed by immediate autografting (IA) (total PTX+IA) with subtotal parathyroidectomy (subtotal PTX). One hundred six patients with severe, uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism were referred to this center and underwent surgery during the period from 1980 to 1990. Long-term follow-up after PTX was available in 49 of them: 28 patients had total PTX+IA and 21 had subtotal PTX. The two surgical methods were evaluated with respect to preoperative severity of hyperparathyroidism, immediate postoperative results, and long-term parathyroid status, as evaluated by an RIA measuring intact immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (intact iPTH; normal values, 15 to 65 pg/mL). The initial degree of hyperparathyroidism was comparable in the two groups. An excellent short-term control of hyperparathyroidism was achieved in the great majority (95%) of patients with either surgical procedure. However, long-term normalization of parathyroid gland activity was achieved in only one third of patients whereas 33% had elevated intact iPTH levels (> 130 pg/mL; i.e., higher than twice the upper range of normal) and 32% had low intact iPTH levels (< 15 pg/mL), consistent with permanent hypoparathyroidism. No difference was found in the immediate failure rates: 0 of 28 cases after total PTX+IA compared with 2 of 21 cases after subtotal PTX. Similarly, long-term intact iPTH levels were comparable: 400 +/- 105 versus 212 +/- 82 pg/mL (mean +/- SE; P = not significant). Interestingly, long-term serum intact iPTH levels were higher in patients with nodular (N = 18) than with diffusely (N = 26) hyperplastic glands: 556 +/- 146 versus 126 +/- 52 pg/mL (P < 0.001) and recurrence of hyperparathyroidism was more frequent with nodular hyperplasia (11 of 18) than with diffuse hyperplasia (4 of 26) (P < 0.02). In conclusion, although excellent short-term results were obtained with both procedures, satisfactory long-term control of parathyroid gland function was achieved in only one third of the patients, the other two third remaining either hypoparathyroid or developing recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Last, the histological subtype of parathyroid glands was partially predictive of the recurrence of hyperparathyroidism.
What's catching our readers' eye? Analysis of downloads of Cardiovascular Research articles
Authors: H. M. Piper, D. Garcia-Dorado, E. A. Martinson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Cardiovascular Research accepts submissions of original papers from the entire realm of cardiac and vascular basic science.And indeed, the submissions show a large diversity of topics.The elaborate review process involving experts in the various specific fields of research is the deciding factor that determines the selection of papers finally published.It is generally assumed that in the long run the accumulating citations of a published paper in other qualified scientific journals can be taken as a sign of its lasting scientific value.Citations do not, however, reflect the immediate awareness, i.e. the 'news value' of the topic of a given article.In times of electronic journal usage, this immediate interest ignited by a given publication in the scientific community can be estimated from its early electronic usage by tallying the number of times an article is downloaded online.The editors of Cardiovascular Research use the download information regularly to follow quick trends of interest in their readership.Here we report on the 10 most-downloaded original articles from January 2009 to July 2010.We counted the downloads of full-length articles for a window that included the electronic in-press period and the 2 months following appearance in print for each paper.The newest articles we evaluated are from July 2010.With the same method, we also evaluated the downloads of review papers during this period.Clearly, the download statistics of reviews does not reflect public awareness in the same way as original articles, as Cardiovascular Research publishes most of its reviews in groups with pre-determined general themes (e.g. in Spotlight issues).Nevertheless, it is of interest to see which of the review articles get the most rapid attention of our readership.By and large, the most-downloaded original articles can be grouped into three main categories: (i) new strategies for cardiac protection on the road from ischaemia-reperfusion to heart failure (original articles 1, 3, 9, 10 in Table 1); (ii) new concepts for stem cell replacement of lost cells in cardiac or vascular tissues (original articles 2, 6, 7); (iii) new recipes for vascular protection and repair (original articles 4, 5, 8).In general, this reflects a current trend in basic cardiovascular science focusing on cardiovascular protection and tissue repair.In cardiac medicine, the highest priority for therapeutics is the protection of cardiac cells that would otherwise deteriorate in the setting of ischaemia-reperfusion and the subsequent development of heart failure.This priority is mainly based on the fact that ischaemic cardiac diseases and heart failure are of predominant importance in clinical cardiology and in medicine in general.Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world population and is predicted to remain in first place until at least 2030.
Immunoglobulin G2 subclass deficiency and H1N1
Authors: B. Kathiresan
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Severe H1N1 infection is associated with risk factors that include pregnancy, obesity and immunosuppression. This study assessed levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG subclasses in patients with severe H1N1 infection (defined as infection requiring respiratory and/or vasopressor support) and moderate H1N1 infection (defined as those requiring hospitalisation) and …
Can Visual Distraction Decrease the Dose of Patient-Controlled Sedation Required During Colonoscopy? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: D. Lee, A. Chan, S. Wong, T. Fung, A. Li, S. Chan, L. Mui, E. Ng, S. Chung
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: We previously demonstrated that audio distraction using relaxation music could lead to a decrease in the dose of sedative medication required and improve patient satisfaction during colonoscopy. This prospective randomized controlled trial was designed to test the hypotheses that visual distraction may also decrease the requirement for sedatives and that audio and visual distraction may have additive beneficial effects when used in combination. Patients and Methods: 165 consecutive patients who underwent elective colonoscopy were randomly allocated into three groups to receive different modes of sedation: group 1 received visual distraction and patient-controlled sedation (PCS); group 2 received audiovisual distraction and PCS; group 3 received PCS alone. A mixture of propofol and alfentanil, delivered by a Graseby 3300 PCA pump, was used for PCS in these groups. Each bolus of PCS delivered 4.8 mg propofol and 12 µg alfentanil. Measured outcomes included the dose of PCS used, complications, recovery time, pain score, satisfaction score, and willingness to use the same mode of sedation if the procedure were to be repeated.
The Stochastic Nature of Cardiac Propagation at a Microscopic Level
Authors: Madison S. Spach, J. Francis Heidlage
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The object of this study is to present evidence that the myocardial architecture creates inhomogeneities of electrical load at the cellular level that cause cardiac propagation to be stochastic in nature; ie, the excitatory events during propagation are constantly changing and disorderly in the sense of varying intracellular events and delays between cells. At a macroscopic level, however, these stochastic events become averaged and appear consistent with a continuous medium. We examined this concept in a two-dimensional (2D) model of myocardial architecture by exploring whether experimentally observed V̇ max variability reflected different patterns of intracellular excitation events and junctional delays. The patterns of V̇ max variability at randomly chosen intracellular sites were similar experimentally and in the 2D model. The 2D cellular model produced marked variability in gap junction delays; however, on the average, different gap junctions were used for cell-to-cell charge flow during conduction in different directions. During longitudinal propagation (LP), the velocity increased from the proximal to the distal end of each myocyte, and V̇ max was lowest proximally, increased to a maximum at the distal fourth of the cell, and decreased distally. Transverse propagation (TP) produced rapid intracellular conduction with variable intracellular excitation sequences. TP V̇ max was greater than LP V̇ max in most subcellular regions, but near the ends of some myocytes, a reversed “TP&gt;LP V̇ max ” relation occurred. Total charge carried by the sodium current varied inversely with V̇ max , demonstrating feedback effects of cellular loading on the subcellular sodium current and the kinetics of the sodium channels. The results suggest that the stochastic nature of normal propagation at a microscopic level provides a considerable protective effect against arrhythmias by reestablishing the general trend of wave-front movement after small variations in excitation events occur.
A novel image analysis approach for semiautomated quantification of cytokine distribution in human colonic biopsies
Authors: C. Loetsch, G. K. Pot, J. Sington, J. R. Dainty, E. K. Lund
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The authors have previously shown that both mRNA and protein profiles of IL-1β and IL-8 in biopsies taken from macroscopically normal colon tissue during colonoscopy are significantly different to those taken during sigmoidoscopy. The former procedure involves emptying of the bowel 24 h prior to sample collection while in the latter case the distal bowel is voided immediately before sample collection. The authors hypothesise that these changes are a result of exposure to the resident bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop computer-assisted immunohistochemical methodologies to investigate whether differences in cytokine profiles, associated with the presence of gut microbiota, are related to changes in the crypt or lamina propria. <h3>Methods</h3> Biopsies from apparently healthy tissue (n=30) were taken at 20–30 cm from the anal verge, from the same patient, after both colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Serial sections of colonic mucosa from all specimens were immunohistochemically stained to compare changes in protein levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in both crypts and lamina propria. Cytokine expression levels were measured by a computer-assisted quantification method using ImagePro Plus 6.0 analysis software. Segmentational thresholds were set up to classify the immunopositive area into strong, moderate and weak staining. Lamina propria and crypt tissue were individually selected using a drawing tool. Internal control samples from the same specimen, as well as positive (appendix, tonsil) and negative controls (isotype control), were analysed in each run. Negative controls showed no detectable staining within the segments used for analysis. All slides were individually evaluated by a histopathologist to compare the automated with the manual scoring. <h3>Results</h3> The authors have effectively set up an objective computer-assisted measurement technique to analyse staining patterns of soluble cytokines. Changes in strong and moderate staining levels in lamina propria were significantly different from those in the crypts for both IL-1β and IL-8. Staining classified as moderate or strong was connected with specific cells in either the crypt or lamina propria. In contrast to gene expression and total protein for these cytokines the authors found no significant difference in total staining of IL-1β and only marginal differences in IL-8 staining in biopsies taken following different bowel preparations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This semiautomated image analysis technique is able to detect different staining patterns of soluble cytokines like IL-1β and IL-8 in individual compartments of the colonic mucosa and is therefore a potentially suitable tool for identification of more specific patterns of expression within the mucosa.
Asthma Control and Risk of Future Asthma Exacerbations: Evaluation of the Impairment Domain of the NHLBI Guidelines in the TENOR Cohort
Authors: T. Haselkorn, J.E. Fish, R.S. Zeiger, S.J. Szefler, D.P. Miller, B.E. Chipps, S.T. Weiss, S.E. Wenzel, L. Borish, E.R. Bleecker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)