tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thalidomide- and Lenalidomide-Associated Thromboembolism Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Charles L. Bennett, Cara Angelotta, Paul R. Yarnold, Andrew M. Evens, Jeffrey A. Zonder, Dennis W. Raisch, Paul Richardson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence for the Failure of Adeno-associated Virus Serotype 5 to Package a Viral Genome ≥8.2 kb
Authors: Yi Lai, Yongping Yue, Dongsheng Duan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Limited packaging capacity hinders adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy. A recent study seems to have provided a solution to this problem. Allocca et al. reported that AAV-5 could package an 8.9 kb vector genome. Here we tested whether this approach can be used to deliver a large genome for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene therapy. We first evaluated AAV-5 packaging of an 8.2 kb genome. This vector carries two independent reporter gene cassettes, one for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and another for LacZ. Viral yield was log-fold lower than that of a regular AAV-5. Nevertheless, both AP and LacZ genes were detected in purified virus. Injection to dystrophic muscle resulted in both AP and LacZ expression. On electron microscopy, virion structure appeared normal. Surprisingly, we did not find the full-length single-stranded viral genome by alkaline gel electrophoresis. Neither did we see the full-length double-stranded replication forms in adenovirus coinfected cells. We suspect that AP and LacZ expression may have come from partially packaged 5′ or 3′-half of the genome. Additional studies revealed failure of AAV-5 to package and express an 8.7 kb minidystrophin gene cassette. In summary, our results do not support the extraordinary packaging capacity of AAV-5. Limited packaging capacity hinders adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy. A recent study seems to have provided a solution to this problem. Allocca et al. reported that AAV-5 could package an 8.9 kb vector genome. Here we tested whether this approach can be used to deliver a large genome for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene therapy. We first evaluated AAV-5 packaging of an 8.2 kb genome. This vector carries two independent reporter gene cassettes, one for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and another for LacZ. Viral yield was log-fold lower than that of a regular AAV-5. Nevertheless, both AP and LacZ genes were detected in purified virus. Injection to dystrophic muscle resulted in both AP and LacZ expression. On electron microscopy, virion structure appeared normal. Surprisingly, we did not find the full-length single-stranded viral genome by alkaline gel electrophoresis. Neither did we see the full-length double-stranded replication forms in adenovirus coinfected cells. We suspect that AP and LacZ expression may have come from partially packaged 5′ or 3′-half of the genome. Additional studies revealed failure of AAV-5 to package and express an 8.7 kb minidystrophin gene cassette. In summary, our results do not support the extraordinary packaging capacity of AAV-5.
CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINO-VARUS
Authors: D. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1931)

CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINO-VARUS rMTE BRITTSH more stable, is supplied in io per cent.solution in ampoules containing 5 c.c.The solution is run into the vein very slowly (1 c.c. per minute); meanwhile the patient is engaged in conversation.As the injection proceeds his speech becomes more and more slurred, until finally he fails to answer questions, and sinks into a deep sleep.The administration is stopped immediately he loses con- sciousness.In this way correct dosage is ensured.
Experts Review NCI's Dietary Guidelines
Authors: K. Smigel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Experts Review NCI's Dietary Guidelines Get access Kara Smigel Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 5, 7 March 1990, Pages 344–345, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.5.344 Published: 07 March 1990
Journal of another plague year
Authors: M. Petticrew, D. Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2009)

ecent Years have seen a Catalogue of Plagues and sundry other Contagions.Hard on the scaly Heels of Avian Flu follows Global Warming, Swine Flu, Obesity, and now the Economic Plague.This Litany of Woes has affect'd me deeply, as these few Entries from my Diary this past Year shew.5th April Rose early to enjoy reading the latest Bill of Mortality of Estate Agents in the Parish of St. Giles 's, which show'd again a monthly Increase.The Bankers, too, have this past Year been struck low, and it transpires that their Understanding of the term " Bank " has left much to be desired; they have been sinking our Shillings in miscellaneous crackpot Schemes in the Colonies that few understand, and fewer profit from: to wit, Hedge-Funds, Subprime Mortgages, Ponzi schemes, Plans to build golden Stairways to the Moon, and God knows how many other feeble minded Schemes.Fearful of my own Savings, I visited my Bank in the Strand this Morning, only to find to my Dismay the Building lock'd up with a large " X " marked roughly upon the Door.I rapped loudly, and Mr Madoff put his Head out the Window.When I demanded to withdraw my Savings he tossed me a Florin, saying insolently, "This is what is left, Defoe, use it wisely.Remember, past Performance is no Guarantee of future Results-as I told you when you invested, the Value of your Savings can plummet, as well as fall briskly," and with that he slamm'd the Window with a hollow Laugh.On close Examination I discovered the Coin to be but a poor Fake, bearing the Head not of our beloved Monarch but of one Fred the Shred , who some claim help'd land us up to our Necks in the financial Privy in the first Place.
ABC of learning and teaching in medicine: Teaching large groups
Authors: P. Cantillon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Lecturing or large group teaching is one of the oldest forms of teaching. Whatever their reputation, lectures are an efficient means of transferring knowledge and concepts to large groups. They can be used to stimulate interest, explain concepts, provide core knowledge, and direct student learning.

However, they should not be regarded as an effective way of teaching skills, changing attitudes, or encouraging higher order thinking. Large group formats tend to encourage passive learning. Students receive information but have little opportunity to process or critically appraise the new knowledge offered.



A lecturer holds forth …



How can lectures be used to maximise learning and provide opportunities for student interaction? This article will supply some of the answers and should help you to deliver better, more interactive lectures.

It is important to find out as much as possible about the context of the lecture—that is, where it fits into the course of which it is part.

#### What you need to know before planning a lecture

An understanding of the context will allow you to prepare a lecture that is both appropriate and designed to move students on from where they are.

An important question for any lecturer to consider when planning a teaching session is, “how can I help my students to learn during my lecture?” There are several different techniques you can use to aid student learning in a large group setting.

The successful teacher is no longer on a height, pumping knowledge at high pressure into passive receptacles … he is a senior student anxious to help his juniors. 

William Osler (1849–1919) …
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose by Adults With Diabetes in the United States Population
Authors: Maureen I Harris, Catherine C Cowie, L Jean Howie
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate self-monitoring of blood glucose, which is considered an important practice for patients with diabetes. However, little is known about the frequency or determinants of this technique. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A detailed questionnaire on diabetes was administered to a representative sample of 2405 diabetic subjects ≥ 18 yr of age in the U.S. population in the 1989 National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS Among subjects with IDDM, 40% monitored their blood glucose at least 1 time/day. Among subjects with NIDDM treated with insulin, 26% monitored at least 1 time/day and among NIDDM subjects not treated with insulin, the percentage was 5%. When stratified by age, little difference was observed between IDDM subjects and insulin-treated NIDDM subjects in the percentage testing at least 1 time/day. By multivariate analysis, age and insulin use were the major determinants of whether diabetic subjects tested their blood glucose. Race and education were also independently related to self-monitoring of blood glucose. Blacks were 60% less likely to test their blood glucose at least 1 time/day compared with non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. Those with college education were 80% more likely to test their blood glucose compared with those with lower education levels. Having had a patient education class in diabetes management and frequent physician visits for diabetes care were positively related to self-testing. Self-monitoring was not related to higher income or having health insurance. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of patients with diabetes do not test their blood glucose. Financial barriers associated with income and health insurance do not appear to impede the practice of self-monitoring. Because of the importance of blood glucose control in the prevention of diabetes complications and the role of self-monitoring in achieving blood glucose control, it may be prudent for physicians and their patients to make greater use of this technique. Special attention should be directed to the subgroups of patients (blacks, patients not treated with insulin, those with less education, and those with no education in diabetes) in which the frequency of self-monitoring is particularly low.
Who Watches the Watch Dogs?
Authors: Marshall Brucer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> At the end of World War II the United States despaired that the Atomic Age was introduced to the public with a weapon of destruction. We vowed to do better with a civilian atomic energy program. But almost every newspaper, after 15 years, is still announcing the atomic cocktail as "new" medicine. By 1953 it was widely known to physicians outside the United States that if they wanted to use radioisotopes in diagnosis or therapy they wrote to England, Holland, or Canada. If they wanted to fill out forms, they wrote to the USAEC. By 1954 the 83rd U.S. Congress passed Public Law 703 and "...<i>declared it to be the policy of the United States... to make the maximum contribution to the general welfare</i>...." The Congress directed the USAEC to "<i>permit the widest amount of effective medical therapy</i>... and...<i>impose the minimum amount</i>
Why should we care if onychomycosis is truly onychomycosis?
Authors: R.J. Hay, R. Baran
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Why should we care if onychomycosis is truly onychomycosis? Get access R.J. Hay, R.J. Hay Dermatology Department King's College Hospital NHS Trust London U.K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-1167 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Baran R. Baran Nail Disease Centre Cannes France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 2, 1 February 2015, Pages 316–317, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13532 Published: 01 February 2015
Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of 7 staging systems in an American cohort
Authors: Jorge A. Marrero, Robert J. Fontana, Ashley Barrat, Frederick Askari, Hari S. Conjeevaram, Grace L. Su, Anna S. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Currently there is no consensus as to which staging system is best in predicting the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aims of this study were to identify independent predictors of survival and to compare 7 available prognostic staging systems in patients with HCC. A total of 239 consecutive patients with cirrhosis and HCC seen between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003, were included. Demographic, laboratory, and tumor characteristics and performance status were determined at diagnosis and before therapy. Predictors of survival were identified using the Kaplan–Meir test and the Cox model. Sixty-two percent of patients had hepatitis C, 56% had more than 1 tumor nodule, 24% had portal vein thrombosis, and 29% did not receive any cancer treatment. At the time of censorship, 153 (63%) patients had died. The 1- and 3-year survival of the entire cohort was 58% and 29%, respectively. The independent predictors of survival were performance status (P < .0001), MELD score greater than 10 (P = .001), portal vein thrombosis (P = .0001), and tumor diameter greater than 4 cm (P = .001). Treatment of HCC was related to overall survival. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system had the best independent predictive power for survival when compared with the other 6 prognostic systems. In conclusion, performance status, tumor extent, liver function, and treatment were independent predictors of survival mostly in patients with cirrhosis and HCC. The BCLC staging system includes aspects of all of these elements and provided the best prognostic stratification for our cohort of patients with HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Use of Nesiritide Before and After Publications Suggesting Drug-Related Risks in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Paul J. Hauptman, Mark A. Schnitzler, Jason Swindle, Thomas E. Burroughs
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextThe rate of adoption of new therapies for cardiovascular diseases following the publication of favorable clinical trial results has been studied; however, less is known about the rates of de-adoption of a drug when negative studies are published.Objective To evaluate the use of nesiritide before and after March and April 2005 publications in 2 high-impact journals that suggested an increased risk of renal failure and mortality with intravenous nesiritide for acute decompensated heart failure.Design, Setting, and Patients Analysis of a large prospective hospital database, developed for quality and utilization benchmarking, of 491 acute care US hospitals at which 385 627 inpatient admissions occurred with a primary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code for heart failure between January and August 2001 (prior to nesiritide release) and January 2004 to December 2005 (before and after publication periods).In addition, any patient admitted who received nesiritide in the absence of a primary or secondary heart failure code was evaluated for potential off-label use of the drug.Main Outcome Measure Use of nesiritide and other intravenous vasoactive therapy among patients admitted with heart failure. ResultsNesiritide use decreased from a peak of 16.6% (2351 of 14 167 admissions) in March 2005 to 5.6% (611 of 10 822 admissions) in December 2005 (PϽ.001).Among those patients treated with nesiritide, the mean duration of treatment changed minimally, from 2.3 to 2.1 days.Although the use of inotropes also decreased during the period under study, the changes were more modest; furthermore, of those patients who were prescribed intravenous vasoactive therapy, a higher percentage were prescribed inotropes after publication (3272 [21.5%] of 15 193 patients from January-April 2005 vs 5750 [29.6%] of 19 445 patients from May-December 2005, PϽ.001).The use of nesiritide, in the absence of an ICD-9 heart failure code, was small.Conclusions Rapid de-adoption of nesiritide occurred following 2 publications suggesting risk with the drug.Further analyses are required to evaluate the consequences of these changes on patient outcomes and to anticipate how publications of adverse findings can influence practice.
Retrospective multicenter study on the development of peripheral lymphocytosis following second‐line dasatinib therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Su Jin Lee, Chul Won Jung, Dae‐Young Kim, Kyoo‐Hyung Lee, Sang Kyun Sohn, Jae‐Yong Kwak, Hyeoung‐Joon Kim, In Ho Kim, Seonyang Park, Dong Hwan (Dennis) Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract The current retrospective study investigated the incidence of lymphocytosis following second‐line dasatinib therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and analyzed the clinical factors predictive of the development of lymphocytosis, as well as association with treatment outcomes. Fifty CML patients who failed imatinib treatment and received dasatinib were included from nine centers in the Republic of Korea. The cumulative incidence of lymphocytosis was assessed, and cytogenetic and molecular response, treatment failure, loss of response, progression to advanced disease, and survival were evaluated and analyzed according to the development of lymphocytosis. After a median of 17 months of dasatinib therapy, 23 patients (46%) developed lymphocytosis (median onset 4 months). No clinical predictive factor for the development of lymphocytosis was found. The group presenting lymphocytosis showed a higher complete cytogenetic response (CCyR; 78.3 vs. 29.6%, P = 0.001) and major molecular response (MMR; 52.2 vs. 14.8%, P = 0.005), in comparison to the group without presenting lymphocytosis. The development of lymphocytosis after dasatinib was identified as a favorable independent marker for predicting a CCyR ( P = 0.002) or MMR ( P = 0.003). Further study is necessary to identify which subset of lymphocytes was expanded and to reveal the exact mechanism by which dasatinib induces lymphocyte expansion. Am. J. Hematol. 86:346–350, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ER-Associated Degradation Adaptor Protein Sel1L Regulates LPL Secretion and Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Haibo Sha, Shengyi Sun, Adam B. Francisco, Nicole Ehrhardt, Zhen Xue, Lei Liu, Peter Lawrence, Frits Mattijssen, Robert D. Guber, Muhammad S. Panhwar, J. Thomas Brenna, Hang Shi, Bingzhong Xue, Sander Kersten, André Bensadoun, Miklós Péterfy, Qiaoming Long, Ling Qi
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Deep-Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Marc Verstraete
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

In this issue of the Journal, two important aspects of venous thromboembolism are discussed. In one, a joint Canadian-Dutch study, two noninvasive methods of diagnosing deep-vein thrombosis in symptomatic outpatients are compared1. In the other, a Canadian-American multicenter trial, two antithrombotic methods are explored in orthopedic patients with a very high risk of thrombosis2. This editorial discusses the diagnosis and prevention of venous thromboembolism, a disorder that continues to exact a considerable toll in morbidity and mortality.Outpatients with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of deep-vein thrombosis of the legs present a diagnostic problem, because in more than . . .
Trastuzumab-Associated Cardiac Events at 8 Years of Median Follow-Up in the Herceptin Adjuvant Trial (BIG 1-01)
Authors: Evandro de Azambuja, Marion J. Procter, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Dominique Agbor-Tarh, Otto Metzger-Filho, Jutta Steinseifer, Michael Untch, Ian E. Smith, Luca Gianni, Jose Baselga, Christian Jackisch, David A. Cameron, Richard Bell, Brian Leyland-Jones, Mitch Dowsett, Richard D. Gelber, Martine J. Piccart-Gebhart, Thomas M. Suter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To document the rate and outcome of trastuzumab-associated cardiac dysfunction in patients following 1 or 2 years of adjuvant therapy. Patients and Methods The Herceptin Adjuvant (HERA) trial is a three-arm, randomized trial comparing 2 years or 1 year of trastuzumab with observation in 5,102 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive early-stage breast cancer. Cardiac function was closely monitored. Eligible patients had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 55% at study entry following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. This 8-year median follow-up analysis considered patients randomly assigned to 2 years or 1 year of trastuzumab or observation. Results The as-treated safety population for 2 years of trastuzumab (n = 1,673), 1 year of trastuzumab (n = 1,682), and observation (n = 1,744) is reported. Cardiac adverse events leading to discontinuation of trastuzumab occurred in 9.4% of patients in the 2-year arm and 5.2% of patients in the 1-year arm. Cardiac death, severe congestive heart failure (CHF), and confirmed significant LVEF decrease remained low in all three arms. The incidence of severe CHF (0.8%, 0.8%, and 0.0%, respectively) and confirmed significant LVEF decrease (7.2%, 4.1%, and 0.9%, respectively) was significantly higher in the 2-year and 1-year trastuzumab arms compared with the observation arm. Severe CHF was the same for 2-year and 1-year trastuzumab. Of patients with confirmed LVEF decrease receiving 2-year trastuzumab, 87.5% reached acute recovery. Of patients with confirmed LVEF decrease receiving 1-year trastuzumab, 81.2% reached acute recovery. Conclusion Long-term assessment at 8-year median follow-up confirms the low incidence of cardiac events for trastuzumab given sequentially after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and cardiac events were reversible in the vast majority of patients.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cancer Drug Development and US Regulatory Review
Authors: Ethan Basch, Cindy Geoghegan, Stephen Joel Coons, Ari Gnanasakthy, Ashley F. Slagle, Elektra J. Papadopoulos, Paul G. Kluetz
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Data reported directly by patients about how they feel and function are rarely included in oncology drug labeling in the United States, in contrast to Europe and to nononcology labeling in the United States, where this practice is more common. Multiple barriers exist, including challenges unique to oncology trials, and industry's concerns regarding cost, logistical complexities, and the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) rigorous application of its 2009 guidance on the use of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures. A panel consisting of representatives of industry, FDA, the PRO Consortium, clinicians, and patients was assembled at a 2014 workshop cosponsored by FDA to identify practical recommendations for overcoming these barriers. Key recommendations included increasing proactive encouragement by FDA to clinical trial sponsors for including PROs in drug development programs; provision of comprehensive PRO plans by sponsors to FDA early in drug development; promotion of an oncology-specific PRO research agenda; development of an approach to existing ("legacy") PRO measures, when appropriate (focused initially on symptoms and functional status); and increased FDA and industry training in PRO methodology. FDA has begun implementing several of these recommendations.