tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT)
Authors: K M Jordan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objectives:</b> To update the EULAR recommendations for management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) by an evidence based medicine and expert opinion approach. <b>Methods:</b> The literature search and guidelines were restricted to treatments for knee OA pertaining to clinical and/or radiological OA of any compartment of the knee. Papers for combined treatment of knee and other types of OA were excluded. Medline and Embase were searched using a combination of subject headings and key words. Searches for those treatments previously investigated were conducted for January 1999 to February 2002 and for those treatments not previously investigated for 1966 to February 2002. The level of evidence found for each treatment was documented. Quality scores were determined for each paper, an effect size comparing the treatment with placebo was calculated, where possible, and a toxicity profile was determined for each treatment modality. <b>Results:</b> 497 new publications were identified by the search. Of these, 103 were intervention trials and included in the overall analysis, and 33 treatment modalities were identified. Previously identified publications which were not exclusively knee OA in the initial analysis were rejected. In total, 545 publications were included. Based on the results of the literature search and expert opinion, 10 recommendations for the treatment of knee OA were devised using a five stage Delphi technique. Based on expert opinion, a further set of 10 items was identified by a five stage Delphi technique as important for future research. <b>Conclusion:</b> The updated recommendations support some of the previous propositions published in 2000 but also include modified statements and new propositions. Although a large number of treatment options for knee OA exist, the evidence based format of the EULAR Recommendations continues to identify key clinical questions that currently are unanswered.
A Prospective Study of High-Grade Cervical Neoplasia Risk Among Human Papillomavirus-Infected Women
Authors: Philip E. Castle, Sholom Wacholder, Attila T. Lorincz, David R. Scott, Mark E. Sherman, Andrew G. Glass, Brenda B. Rush, John E. Schussler, Mark Schiffman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: In case–control studies, smoking, parity, and oral contraceptive use have been associated with an increased risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and cervical cancer among women who are infected with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). However, these potential risk factors have not been adequately studied in prospective studies. Methods: We studied 1812 women who were enrolled in a 10-year prospective study of cervical neoplasia at Kaiser Permanente in Portland, Oregon, and who at enrollment had tested positive for oncogenic HPV DNA and had responded to a questionnaire that included questions on smoking, oral contraceptive use, and parity. Absolute risks and crude relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CIN3 or cervical cancer were computed for three time intervals (0–8, 9–68, and 69–122 months after enrollment) using the Kaplan–Meier method. Conditional logistic regression models were used to control for factors that may have influenced our risk estimates, specifically the cytologic interpretation of baseline Pap smear, number of Pap smears during follow-up, age at enrollment, age at prediagnosis visit, and age at diagnosis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Oral contraceptive use and parity were not associated with risk of CIN3 or cervical cancer. Former smokers, women who smoked less than one pack of cigarettes per day, and women who smoked one or more packs per day had crude RRs for CIN3 or cervical cancer for the entire follow-up period of 2.1 (95% CI = 1.1 to 3.9), 2.2 (95% CI = 1.2 to 4.2), and 2.9 (95% CI = 1.5 to 5.6), respectively, compared with never smokers. In the multivariable model, former smokers, women who smoked less than one pack/day, and women who smoked one or more packs/day had RRs of 3.3 (95% CI = 1.6 to 6.7), 2.9 (95% CI = 1.4 to 6.1), and 4.3 (95% CI = 2.0 to 9.3), respectively, for CIN3 or cervical cancer compared with never smokers. Conclusions: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of invasive cervical cancer in women who are infected with oncogenic HPV. Subsequent studies should examine the role of smoking in the multistage pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
Image-Guided Hypofractionated Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for the Liver: The Maastro Experience
Authors: VanVoorde De Lien, Buijsen Jeroen, Vanneste Ben, Houben Ruud, Lammering Guido, Dejong Kees, de Vos-Geelen Judith, Lambin Philippe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Is there a rural/urban gradient in the prevalence of eczema? A systematic review
Authors: M.E. Schram, A.M. Tedja, R. Spijker, J.D. Bos, H.C. Williams, Ph.I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Is there a rural/urban gradient in the prevalence of eczema? A systematic review Get access M.E. Schram, M.E. Schram Department of Dermatology, A0‐252, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands Mandy E. Schram. E‐mail: M.E.Schram@amc.uva.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Tedja, A.M. Tedja Department of Dermatology, A0‐252, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Spijker, R. Spijker Medical Library, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Bos, J.D. Bos Department of Dermatology, A0‐252, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.C. Williams, H.C. Williams Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, Queen's Medical Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ph.I. Spuls Ph.I. Spuls Department of Dermatology, A0‐252, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 5, 1 May 2010, Pages 964–973, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09689.x Published: 01 May 2010
Sialic Acid Binding Domains of CD22 Are Required For Negative Regulation of B Cell Receptor Signaling
Authors: Lei Jin, Paul A. McLean, Benjamin G. Neel, Henry H. Wortis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

CD22, a negative regulator of B cell antigen receptor signaling, binds glycoconjugates terminating in α2, 6 sialic acid. The physiological ligand(s) for CD22 remain unknown. We asked whether the sialic acid binding domains are necessary for CD22 to function as a negative regulator. We generated two mutants that lack sialic acid binding activity and expressed them in a novel CD22−/− murine B cell line. Anti-IgM activated B cells expressing either CD22 mutant had greater Ca2+ responses than cells expressing wild-type CD22. Each variant also had reduced CD22 tyrosine phosphorylation and Src homology 2 domain–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 association. These data suggest that the α2, 6 sialic acid ligand binding activity of CD22 is critical for its negative regulatory functions.
Health Care–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Adults: A Reason To Change the Accepted Definition of Community-Acquired Infections
Authors: N. Deborah Friedman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Bloodstream infections occurring in persons residing in the community, regardless of whether those persons have been receiving health care in an outpatient facility, have traditionally been categorized as community-acquired infections. Objective: To develop a new classification scheme for bloodstream infections that distinguishes among community-acquired, health care–associated, and nosocomial infections. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: One academic medical center and two community hospitals. Patients: All adult patients admitted to the hospital with bloodstream infection. Measurements: Demographic characteristics, living arrangements before hospitalization, comorbid medical conditions, factors predisposing to bloodstream infection, date of hospitalization, dates and number of positive blood cultures, results of microbiological susceptibility testing, dates of hospital discharge or death, and mortality rates at 3 to 6 months of follow-up. Results: 504 patients with bloodstream infections were enrolled; 143 (28%) had community-acquired bloodstream infections, 186 (37%) had health care–associated bloodstream infections, and 175 (35%) had nosocomial bloodstream infections. Of the 186 patients with health care–associated bloodstream infection, 29 resided in a nursing home, 64 were receiving home health care, 78 were receiving intravenous or intravascular therapy at home or in a clinic, and 117 had been hospitalized in the 90 days before their bloodstream infection. Cancer was more common in patients with health care–associated or nosocomial bloodstream infection than in patients with community-acquired bloodstream infection. Intravascular devices were the most common source of health care–associated and nosocomial infections, and Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent pathogen in these types of infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus occurred with similar frequency in the groups with health care–associated infection (52%) and nosocomial infection (61%) but was uncommon in the group with community-acquired bloodstream infection (14%) (P = 0.001). Mortality rate at follow-up was greater in patients with health care–associated infection (29% versus 16%; P = 0.019) or nosocomial infection (37% versus 16%; P < 0.001) than in patients with community-acquired infection. Conclusions: Health care–associated bloodstream infections are similar to nosocomial infections in terms of frequency of various comorbid conditions, source of infection, pathogens and their susceptibility patterns, and mortality rate at follow-up. A separate category for health care–associated bloodstream infections is justified, and this new category will have obvious implications for choices about empirical therapy and infection-control surveillance.
Vaccinating to Protect a Vulnerable Subpopulation
Authors: Jonathan Dushoff, Joshua B Plotkin, Cecile Viboud, Lone Simonsen, Mark Miller, Mark Loeb, David J. D Earn
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Epidemic influenza causes serious mortality and morbidity in temperate countries each winter. Research suggests that schoolchildren are critical in the spread of influenza virus, while the elderly and the very young are most vulnerable to the disease. Under these conditions, it is unclear how best to focus prevention efforts in order to protect the population. Here we investigate the question of how to protect a population against a disease when one group is particularly effective at spreading disease and another group is more vulnerable to the effects of the disease. Methods and Findings We developed a simple mathematical model of an epidemic that includes assortative mixing between groups of hosts. We evaluate the impact of different vaccine allocation strategies across a wide range of parameter values. With this model we demonstrate that the optimal vaccination strategy is extremely sensitive to the assortativity of population mixing, as well as to the reproductive number of the disease in each group. Small differences in parameter values can change the best vaccination strategy from one focused on the most vulnerable individuals to one focused on the most transmissive individuals. Conclusions Given the limited amount of information about relevant parameters, we suggest that changes in vaccination strategy, while potentially promising, should be approached with caution. In particular, we find that, while switching vaccine to more active groups may protect vulnerable groups in many cases, switching too much vaccine, or switching vaccine under slightly different conditions, may lead to large increases in disease in the vulnerable group. This outcome is more likely when vaccine limitation is stringent, when mixing is highly structured, or when transmission levels are high.
Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia
Authors: Stephan Ripke, Colm O'Dushlaine, Kimberly Chambert, Jennifer L Moran, Anna K Kähler, Susanne Akterin, Sarah E Bergen, Ann L Collins, James J Crowley, Menachem Fromer, Yunjung Kim, Sang Hong Lee, Patrik K E Magnusson, Nick Sanchez, Eli A Stahl, Stephanie Williams, Naomi R Wray, Kai Xia, Francesco Bettella, Anders D Borglum, Brendan K Bulik-Sullivan, Paul Cormican, Nick Craddock, Christiaan de Leeuw, Naser Durmishi, Michael Gill, Vera Golimbet, Marian L Hamshere, Peter Holmans, David M Hougaard, Kenneth S Kendler, Kuang Lin, Derek W Morris, Ole Mors, Preben B Mortensen, Benjamin M Neale, Francis A O'Neill, Michael J Owen, Milica Pejovic Milovancevic, Danielle Posthuma, John Powell, Alexander L Richards, Brien P Riley, Douglas Ruderfer, Dan Rujescu, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Teimuraz Silagadze, August B Smit, Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Jaana Suvisaari, Sarah Tosato, Matthijs Verhage, James T Walters, Elvira Bramon, Aiden P Corvin, Michael C O'Donovan, Kari Stefansson, Edward Scolnick, Shaun Purcell, Steven A McCarroll, Pamela Sklar, Christina M Hultman, Patrick F Sullivan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
T and B cells in the blood and synovial fluid of rheumatoid patients.
Authors: B Vernon-Roberts, H L Currey, J Perrin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

The simultaneous application of the techniques of immunofluorescent staining for the presence of surface membrane immunoglobulin and spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes allows the identification of subpopulations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes corresponding with bone marrowderived (B) cells and thymus-derived (T) cells identified in other ways (Papamichail, Holborow, Keith, and Currey, 1972).These techniques have been applied to the study of cells in rheumatoid synovial effusions and to lymphocytes from peripheral blood obtained on the same occasion. Materials and methods SEPARATION OF LYMPHOCYTESSamples of heparinized venous blood and heparinized synovial fluid from knee joint effusions were obtained on the same occasion from each of 30 patients with rheuma- toid arthritis.None of the patients was receiving corti- costeroid or immunosuppressive therapy.Total and differential leucocyte counts were performed.The removal of erythrocytes from the blood samples was achieved by mixing 4 parts of blood with 1 of Plasmagel (Roger Bellon, Neuilly) and allowing the erythrocytes to sediment at 37°C for 30 minutes.10-15 ml of the leucocyterich supernatant from the Plasmagel-treated blood and the leucocyte-rich lightly-centrifuged synovial fluid (not treated with Plasmagel) were then layered carefully onto 10 ml of a mixture of 6 % Ficoll (Pharmacia, Sweden) and 13-3 % triosyl '75' (Glaxo Laboratories, Greenford, England) and centrifuged at 2000 g for 20 minutes at room temperature.The resultant layer above the interface was rich in lymphocyte-like cells, and this layer was aspirated and washed 3 times in medium 199.The cells obtained by this method from either blood or synovial fluid were examined by phase-contrast microscopy of unstained wet preparations and conventional microscopy of stained smears: they consisted of 95 % lymphocyte-like cells and 5 % monocyte-like cells with occasional polymorphs.
A NOTE ON THE ETIOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

The globoid bodies, or minute microörganisms, cultivated from the central nervous organs of human beings and monkeys that have succumbed to poliomyelitis, may be detected in the incubated brain tissues of infected monkeys in forms indicating post-mortem multiplication. Incubating the poliomyelitic tissues in kidney-ascitic fluid culture medium and then crushing them is a more certain method for obtaining cultures of the organism. Identical bodies have been detected in blood films prepared on the twelfth day of the acute attack, from a paralyzed poliomyelitic monkey inoculated intraspinously. The same organism has been cultivated from the blood of a monkey that had received intravenously a large dose of a Berkefeld filtrate of poliomyelitic virus. No other microörganisms were detected either in the sections of the brain or in film preparations of the blood. These observations tend therefore to confirm the etiological relationship between the minute microörganism and epidemic poliomyelitis suggested by the successful cultivation and inoculation experiments reported by Flexner and Noguchi.
Bronchoalveolar lavage cell profile in methotrexate induced pneumonitis
Authors: A. Schnabel, C. Richter, S. Bauerfeind, W. L. Gross
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Pneumonitis is a rare but potentially life threatening side effect of methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis which needs to be distinguished from interstitial lung disease due to rheumatoid arthritis.To examine the value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in diagnosing methotrexate pneumonitis, the BAL cell profile of four patients with methotrexate pneumonitis was compared with findings in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate without clinical or radiological evidence of lung disease and eight patients with interstitial lung disease secondary to rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate.Methotrexate pneumonitis was associated with an increase in the lymphocytes in the BAL fluid to 33-68% of total BAL cells. BAL lymphocytosis was also found in five patients in each of the two control groups. The four patients with methotrexate pneumonitis had a disproportionate increase in CD4+ cells to 72-84% of total lymphocytes and in the CD4/CD8 ratio to 17.0, 6.6, 8.7, and 4.0, respectively, figures which exceeded those of the two control groups.Methotrexate pneumonitis was associated with lymphocytic alveolitis with a preferential increase in CD4+ cells. This pattern differs from that in interstitial lung disease due to rheumatoid arthritis and may therefore assist in making an early diagnosis of methotrexate pneumonitis.
The Incidence of Retinopathy 10 Years After Diagnosis in Young Adult People With Diabetes
Authors: Marianne Henricsson, Lennarth Nyström, Göran Blohmé, Jan Östman, Carin Kullberg, Maria Svensson, Anna Schölin, Hans J. Arnqvist, Elisabeth Björk, Jan Bolinder, Jan W. Eriksson, Göran Sundkvist
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To estimate the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) 10 years after diagnosis in a nationwide population-based cohort study of young adult diabetic patients in Sweden. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) aims to register all incident cases of diabetes aged 15–34 years in Sweden. In 1987–1988, 806 cases were reported, and 627 (78%) of them were followed up with regard to retinopathy 8–10 years later. The assessment was based on retinal photographs in most cases (86%). RESULTS—Ten years after diagnosis, retinopathy was found in 247 patients (39%). The retinopathy was mild in 206 (33%), whereas 30 (4.8%) patients had moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and 11 (1.8%) had proliferative DR (PDR). Patients with retinopathy had worse glycemic control during the years than patients without (HbA1c 8.1 ± 1.5% and 6.8 ± 1.2%, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.001). In a Cox regression analysis, time to retinopathy was related to high HbA1c (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and high BMI (P = 0.001). Patients with type 2 diabetes had an increased prevalence of severe retinopathy (NPDR or PDR) compared with those with type 1 diabetes (14 of 93 [15%] versus no or mild 24 of 471 [5%], respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS—Despite modern diabetes management, 39% of young adult diabetic patients developed retinopathy within the first 10 years of the disease. Nevertheless, compared with the prevalence of retinopathy (63%), after a similar duration of diabetes before the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, this prevalence was clearly lower. Current treatment aimed to achieve strict glycemic control has reduced the risk for developing retinopathy.
Surveillance for Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome
Authors: Dorothy Downes
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Sudden unexplained death syndrome (SUDS) is the death of a person at least 2 years of age for whom a postmortem examination does not reveal the underlying cause of death; the decedent must have been born in or have had at least one parent born in Vietnam, Kampuchea (Cambodia), Laos, Thailand, the Philippines, or some other Southeast Asian country. This syndrome is also known as "night death," "sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome," "Pokkuri" in Japan, and "Bangungut" in the Philippines. Since July 1977, ninety-six cases of SUDS have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) from 20 states. A preliminary report on the first 38 cases appeared in 1981.<sup>1</sup>A detailed description of the first 51 cases, including a case-control study, appeared inThe Journalin December 1983 and covered cases occurring before April 1982.<sup>2</sup>Several recent articles and letters have described additional
Medical issues associated with commercial flights
Authors: Danielle Silverman, Mark Gendreau
Journal: The Lancet (2009)

Almost 2 billion people travel aboard commercial airlines every year. Health-care providers and travellers need to be aware of the potential health risks associated with air travel. Environmental and physiological changes that occur during routine commercial flights lead to mild hypoxia and gas expansion, which can exacerbate chronic medical conditions or incite acute in-flight medical events. The association between venous thromboembolism and long-haul flights, cosmic-radiation exposure, jet lag, and cabin-air quality are growing health-care issues associated with air travel. In-flight medical events are increasingly frequent because a growing number of individuals with pre-existing medical conditions travel by air. Resources including basic and advanced medical kits, automated external defibrillators, and telemedical ground support are available onboard to assist flight crew and volunteering physicians in the management of in-flight medical emergencies.