tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A chemokine receptor CCR-1 antagonist reduces renal fibrosis after unilateral ureter ligation
Authors: Hans-Joachim Anders, Volker Vielhauer, Michael Frink, Yvonne Linde, Clemens D. Cohen, Simone M. Blattner, Matthias Kretzler, Frank Strutz, Matthias Mack, Hermann-Josef Gröne, James Onuffer, Richard Horuk, Peter J. Nelson, Detlef Schlöndorff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The expression of chemokines and their receptors is thought to contribute to leukocyte infiltration and progressive renal fibrosis after unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). We hypothesized that blocking the chemokine receptor CCR1 using the nonpeptide antagonist BX471 could reduce leukocyte infiltration and renal fibrosis after UUO. UUO kidneys from BX471-treated mice (day 0–10 and day 6–10) revealed a 40–60% reduction of interstitial macrophage and lymphocyte infiltrate compared with controls. Treated mice also showed a marked reduction of CCR1 and CCR5 mRNA levels, and FACS analysis showed a comparable reduction of CD8+/CCR5+ T cells. Markers of renal fibrosis, such as interstitial fibroblasts, interstitial volume, mRNA and protein expression for collagen I, were all significantly reduced by BX471-treatment compared with vehicle controls. By contrast treatment was ineffective when the drug was supplied only from days 0 to 5. In summary, blockade of CCR1 substantially reduces cell accumulation and renal fibrosis after UUO. Most interestingly, late onset of treatment is also effective. We therefore conclude that CCR1 blockade may represent a new therapeutic strategy for reducing cellular infiltration and renal fibrosis as major factors in the progression to end-stage renal failure.
A COMPARISON OF PROMAZINE AND PARALDEHYDE IN 175 CASES OF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
Authors: WILLIAM T. HART
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

A comparison was made of the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome with either promazine, paraldehyde or promazine-paraldehyde combined. 175 patients, 136 without delirium tremens and 39 with delirium tremens, were studied. Promazine was found to be better than either paraldehyde or promazine-paraldehyde combined, in the categories of early discharge from the hospital, decreased agitation and anxiety, and return to normal eating and sleeping patterns. When the delirium tremens group treated with promazine was compared with the group treated with paraldehyde, there was not a significant difference. Vomiting was approximately the same in all groups. Convulsions were more frequent in the groups treated with promazine, but not significantly so. Postural hypotension was a frequent complication of promazine therapy. Ward management of the patients who did not receive paraldehyde was easier than of those who did receive it. It appeared that with the use of promazine many of the patients could have been managed in a general hospital.
Molecular evolutionary dynamics of cytochrome b in strepsirrhine primates: the phylogenetic significance of third-position transversions
Authors: A. D. Yoder, R. Vilgalys, M. Ruvolo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

DNA sequences of the complete cytochrome b gene are shown to contain robust phylogenetic signal for the strepsirrhine primates (i.e., lemurs and lorises). The phylogeny derived from these data conforms to other molecular studies of strepsirrhine relationships despite the fact that uncorrected nucleotide distances are high for nearly all intrastrepsirrhine comparisons, with most in the 15%-20% range. Cytochrome b sequences support the hypothesis that Malagasy lemuriforms and Afro-Asian lorisiforms each comprise clades that share a sister-group relationship. A study (Adkins and Honeycutt 1994) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) gene placed one Malagasy primate (Daubentonia) at the base of the strepsirrhine clade, thereby suggesting a diphyletic Lemuriformes. The reanalysis of COII third-position transversions, either alone or in combination with cytochrome b third-position transversions, however, yields a tree that is congruent with phylogenetic hypotheses derived from cytochrome b and other genetic data sets.
Serologic and Immunochemical Characterization of an Immunosuppressive Soluble Factor From Mastocytoma-Bearing Mice
Authors: Motohiro Watanabe, Shui-hua Pan, Herman Friedman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Serologic and Immunochemical Characterization of an Immunosuppressive Soluble Factor From Mastocytoma-Bearing Mice Get access Motohiro Watanabe, Motohiro Watanabe 3 2Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein Medical Center; and Temple University School of Medicine, York and Tabor Roads, Philadelphia, Pa. 19141. 3Address reprint requests to Dr. Watanabe at the Department of Microbiology. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shui-hua Pan, Shui-hua Pan 2Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein Medical Center; and Temple University School of Medicine, York and Tabor Roads, Philadelphia, Pa. 19141. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herman Friedman Herman Friedman 2Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein Medical Center; and Temple University School of Medicine, York and Tabor Roads, Philadelphia, Pa. 19141. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 1, July 1978, Pages 249–254, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.1.249 Published: 01 July 1978 Article history Received: 08 November 1977 Accepted: 06 February 1978 Published: 01 July 1978
Effect of Letrozole Versus Placebo on Bone Mineral Density in Women With Primary Breast Cancer Completing 5 or More Years of Adjuvant Tamoxifen: A Companion Study to NCIC CTG MA.17
Authors: Edith A. Perez, Robert G. Josse, Kathleen I. Pritchard, James N. Ingle, Silvana Martino, Brian P. Findlay, Tamara N. Shenkier, Richard G. Tozer, Michael J. Palmer, Lois E. Shepherd, Shifang Liu, Dongsheng Tu, Paul E. Goss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Aromatase inhibition depletes estrogen levels and may be associated with accelerated bone resorption. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) study MA.17B evaluated bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to MA.17, a placebo-controlled trial of letrozole after standard adjuvant tamoxifen.Eligible women had a baseline BMD T score of at least 2.0 in either the hip or L2-4 spine; all received calcium 500 mg and vitamin D 400 U daily. Percentage change in BMD (L2-L4 spine and hip) at 12 and 24 months, rate of osteoporosis, and change in markers of bone formation (serum bone alkaline phosphatase) and resorption (serum C-telopeptide and urine N-telopeptide) at 6, 12, and 24 months were compared.Two hundred twenty-six patients (122 letrozole, 104 placebo) were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups, including BMD, median age of 60.7 years (81% < 70 years), and median follow-up of 1.6 years. At 24 months, patients receiving letrozole had a significant decrease in total hip BMD (-3.6% v -0.71%; P = .044) and lumbar spine BMD (-5.35% v -0.70%; P = .008). Letrozole increased urine N-telopeptide at 6, 12, and 24 months (P = .054, < .001, and .016, respectively). No patient went below the threshold for osteoporosis in total hip BMD, whereas at the L2-L4 (posteroanterior view), more women became osteoporotic by BMD while receiving letrozole (4.1% v 0%; P = .064).After 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, subsequent letrozole causes a modest increase in bone resorption and reduction in bone mineral density in the spine and hip compared to placebo. Further follow-up is necessary to evaluate the long-term clinical implications of this difference.
Molecular markers of cartilage breakdown and synovitis at baseline as predictors of structural progression of hip osteoarthritis. The ECHODIAH Cohort
Authors: B Mazières, P Garnero, A Guéguen, M Abbal, L Berdah, M Lequesne, M Nguyen, J-P Salles, E Vignon, M Dougados
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine whether systemic markers of bone, cartilage, and synovium can predict structural progression of osteoarthritis (OA). <b>Methods:</b> Patients with painful hip OA were treated with diacerein or placebo in a multicentre, prospective, double blind, 3 year follow up trial. The following information was collected at entry: demographics, characteristics of hip OA, and 10 markers: N-propeptides of collagen types I and III, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, YKL-40, hyaluronan (sHA), matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -3, C reactive protein, C-terminal crosslinking telopeptides of collagen types I and II (uCTX-II). Radiographs were obtained at entry and every year. Structural progression was defined as a joint space decrease ⩾0.5 mm or requirement for total hip replacement. Grouped survival analysis was performed with time to structural progression as dependent variable, and clinical data, radiographic findings, treatment groups (diacerein versus placebo), and markers as explanatory measures. <b>Results:</b> In the 333 patients in whom all markers were measured, high functional impairment, a joint space width &lt;2 mm, and lateral migration of the femoral head at baseline increased the risk of progression, but diacerein had a protective effect (relative risk = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 0.96). In addition, patients in whom uCTX-II and sHA were in the upper tertile had a relative risk of progression of 3.73 (95% CI 2.48 to 5.61) compared with patients with markers in the two lower tertiles. <b>Conclusion:</b> In this large cohort, combined measurements of uCTX-II and sHA were a new predictor of the structural progression of hip OA.
CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL RESULTS OF ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR OF MASSIVE ROTATOR CUFF TEARS DOES IT IMPROVE THE NATURAL HISTORY
Authors: Tsiouri Chrysi, Ramiah Chidanbaram, Xypnitos Frankiskos, Daniel H Mok
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Backround Is there a reason for repairing massive cuff tears. Methods 58 consecutive patients with a massive rotator cuff tear had arthroscopic repair between November 2004 and May 2006 with the presented technique. The average age was 68.4 years ( 49–86).Mean follow up was 46.2 months (38–56). Thirty of those patients were available for review 20 months later, follow up 65(53–76) 0.33 had ultrasound and 34 had X rays Results In 45 patients available for scoring the mean Oxford score was 44(19–48) with 42 (93%) graded as excellent or good and only one poor result and at final review 45 (27–48).The mean postoperative Constant score at follow up was 74(32.8–97.4) rising to 76 (41–96) in 2011 and statistical analysis showed that improvement in both Oxford and Constant scores was significant(probability &lt;0.05). There was a statistically significant improvement regarding pain, movement and activities of daily living but not strength. Ultrasound findings correlated with postoperative strength and Constant scores but not with any other factor or the Oxford score. Similar was the correlation for radiographic osteoarthritis. At final follow up, improvements in all scores remain statistically significant whether there is a retear or thinning or development of osteoarthritis or not. Conclusion The results suggest that arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears can achieve excellent clinical results The outcome in the longer term is unknown.
Analysis of factors that characterize health impairment in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Quality of Life in Chronic Respiratory Failure Group
Authors: M Carone, G Bertolotti, F Anchisi, AM Zotti, CF Donner, PW Jones
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

This study was designed to identify a core set of items that may characterize impaired health in chronic respiratory failure (CRF) since none of the questionnaires commonly used to measure impaired health in patients with CRF were developed for use in such patients. Questionnaire items, identified from several sources, were administered to 92 patients with stable severe chronic hypoxia or hypercapnia, together with physiological measures of disease severity, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Of the 152 items identified, only 28 correlated with patients' perceptions of overall health and were also independent of age, sex, disease or type of treatment and did not show floor or ceiling effects. Principal components analysis identified three specific factors: "daily activities", "cognitive function", and "invalidity". The total score for the whole 28-item set correlated with other measures of disease activity, including SGRQ (r = 0.86) and SIP (r = 0.70), but not spirometry. The interquartile range of the 28-item set was wider than that of the SGRQ or the SIP. This study characterized two areas of health impairment in chronic respiratory failure that had not previously been identified: effects of impaired cognitive function on daily life, and a sense of invalidity. The measurements properties of this 28-item set suggest that it may be a more discriminative instrument for patients with chronic respiratory failure than existing questionnaires.
Limiting our daily sitting/lying to just 23.5 hours: too ambitious?
Authors: Karim Khan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

If we apply Bono's battle cry ''There has been a lot of talk, maybe too much talk''…to the subject of physical inactivity, we can now proclaim it's time for action.The January and February BJSM issues bring together global authorities and focus on practical steps.Medical clinicians will be interested in the analysis by Erica Frank and colleagues (see page 124) of the activity levels of medical students and their propensity to prescribe physical activity (or not!). 2 Is it time to add a physical activity question to the medical student selection process?Should the Medical College Admission Test ask for a shuttle run/beep test score?
Accuracy of an Electrochemical Sensor for Measuring Capillary Blood Ketones by Fingerstick Samples During Metabolic Deterioration After Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Interruption in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Bruno Guerci, Muriel Benichou, Michèle Floriot, Philip Bohme, Sebastien Fougnot, Patricia Franck, Pierre Drouin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

This study was designed to test the accuracy of capillary ketonemia for diagnosis of ketosis after interruption of insulin infusion.A total of 18 patients with type 1 diabetes treated by external pump were studied during pump stop for 5 h. Plasma and capillary ketonemia and ketonuria were determined every hour from 7:00 A.M. (time 0 min = T0) to 12:00 P.M. (time 300 min = T300). Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) levels were measured by an enzymatic end point spectrophotometric method, and capillary beta-OHB levels were measured by an electrochemical method (MediSense Optium meter). Ketonuria was measured by a semiquantitative test (Ketodiastix). Positive ketosis was defined by a value of >/=0.5 mmol/l for ketonemia and >/=4 mmol/l (moderate) for ketonuria.After stopping the pump, concentrations of beta-OHB in both plasma and capillary blood increased significantly at time 60 min (T60) compared with T0 (P < 0.001), reaching maximum levels at T300 (1.30 +/- 0.49 and 1.23 +/- 0.78 mmol/l, respectively). Plasma and capillary beta-OHB values were highly correlated (r = 0.94, P < 0.0001). For diagnosis of ketosis, capillary ketonemia has a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (80.4 and 82.5%, respectively) than ketonuria (63 and 71.8%, respectively). For plasma glucose levels >/=250 mg/dl, plasma and capillary ketonemia were found to be more frequently positive (85 and 78%, respectively) than ketonuria (59%) (P = 0.017). The time delay to diagnosis of ketosis was significantly higher for ketonuria than for plasma ketonemia (212 +/- 67 vs. 140 +/- 54 min, P = 0.0023), whereas no difference was noted between plasma and capillary ketonemia.The frequency of screening for ketosis and the efficiency of detection of ketosis definitely may be improved by the use of capillary blood ketone determination in clinical practice.
Long term care in later life
Authors: J G. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A charity providing residential care for older people has just published the proceedings of a symposium held to celebrate its first 10 years.1 Brendoncare espouses the unification of “residential” and “nursing home” care; making best use of professional skills; and the view, delicately put by one of its trustees, that not everyone wants to play bingo and watch EastEnders.2 The title of its wide ranging symposium, The 4th age in the 3rd Millennium, smacks of a countdown—as well it might. If things go on as they are, population aging will lead to 10.8% of the gross national product being consumed by domiciliary and institutional long term care by 2030.3

Three things need to be done. Firstly, care must be as efficient as possible. We know too little about the cost effectiveness of the components of long term care, and there are intriguing variations in policy. Shreeve quotes people receiving domiciliary care costing £700 …
Phagocytosing neutrophils produce and release high amounts of the neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8.
Authors: F Bazzoni, M A Cassatella, F Rossi, M Ceska, B Dewald, M Baggiolini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

After phagocytosis of yeast opsonized with IgG, neutrophil leukocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMN]) expressed high levels of neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 (NAP-1/IL-8) mRNA, which peaked after 3-5 h and were still elevated after 18 h. A similar but quantitatively less prominent effect was obtained with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After phagocytosis, but not after exposure to LPS, the PMN progressively released considerable amounts of NAP-1/IL-8 into the culture medium (18.6-50 ng/ml in 18 h). The peptide released was biologically active, as indicated by the transient elevation of cytosolic-free calcium in PMN exposed to aliquots of the culture supernatants, and desensitization by prestimulation of the cells with recombinant NAP-1/IL-8. By producing NAP-1/IL-8 at sites where they phagocytose invading microorganisms, PMN could enhance the recruitment of new defense cells.
ERK activation drives intestinal tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice
Authors: Sung Hee Lee, Li-Li Hu, Jose Gonzalez-Navajas, Geom Seog Seo, Carol Shen, Jonathan Brick, Scott Herdman, Nissi Varki, Maripat Corr, Jongdae Lee, Eyal Raz
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Evaluation of microRNA-10b prognostic significance in a prospective cohort of breast cancer patients
Authors: Paola Parrella, Raffaela Barbano, Barbara Pasculli, Andrea Fontana, Massimiliano Copetti, Vanna Valori, Maria Poeta, Giuseppe Perrone, Daniela Righi, Marina Castelvetere, Michelina Coco, Teresa Balsamo, Maria Morritti, Fabio Pellegrini, Andrea Onetti-Muda, Evaristo Maiello, Roberto Murgo, Vito Fazio
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) has a prominent role in regulating tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting the HOXD10 transcriptional repressor and has been found up-regulated in several tumor types. We evaluated the expression of miR-10b in paired tumor and normal specimens obtained from a prospective cohort of breast cancer patients with at least 36 months follow-up enrolled according to the REMARK guidelines (n = 150). RNA quality was measured and only samples with RNA Integrity Number (RIN) ≥7.0 were analyzed. The relative expression of miR-10b in tumor as compared to its normal counterpart (RER) was determined by RT-qPCR. miR-10b RERs were higher in the subgroup of patients with synchronous metastases (n = 11, Median 0.25; IQR 0.11-1.02) as compared with patients without metastases (n = 90, Median 0.09; IQR 0.04-0.29) (p = 0.028). In the subgroup of patients without synchronous metastases (n = 90), higher miR-10b RERs were associated with increased risk of disease progression and death in both univariable (HR 1.16, p = 0.021 and HR 1.20, p = 0.015 respectively for 0.10 unitary increase of miR-10b RERs levels) and multivariable (HR1.30, p < 0.001, and HR 1.31, p = 0.003 respectively for 0.10 unitary increase of miR-10b RERs levels) Cox regression models. The addition of miR-10b RERs to the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) provided an improvement in discrimination power and risk reclassification abilities for the clinical outcomes at 36 months. Survival C-indices significantly increased from 0.849 to 0.889 (p = 0.009) for OS and from 0.735 to 0.767 (p = 0.050) for DFS. Our results provide evidences that the addition of miR-10b RERs to the prognostic factors used in clinical routine could improve the prediction abilities for both overall mortality and disease progression in breast cancer patients.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide as a Potential Marker of Diastolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: N. Norman Chan, Steven J. Hurel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In the January issue of Diabetes Care , Poirier et al. (1) reported on the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), as determined by echocardiography in 46 middle-aged men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Remarkably, they found a prevalence of LVDD as high as 60%. Although this needs to be replicated with studies of much larger sample sizes, they nevertheless illustrated the importance of identifying pseudonormal patterns of ventricular filling, which have been underestimated by previous studies using Doppler assessment of transmitral flow velocity, to help diagnose early or subclinical LVDD (1). As elucidated by the excellent editorial of Gustafsson and Hildebrandt (2), the prognostic implication and possibility for intervention remain unknown and warrant further studies before early …
δ-Infection and suppression of hepatitis B virus replication in chronic HBsAg carriers
Authors: Kim Krogsgaard, Peter Kryger, Jan Aldershvile, Poul Andersson, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Jens Ole Nielsen
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA and anti-delta was examined in a longitudinal study of 24 patients known to be delta-infected during the course from acute to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Fifteen patients (63%) were hepatitis B virus DNA positive in the first serum sample. Eleven of 14 patients, who cleared hepatitis B virus DNA, did so following or at the same time as onset of delta-infection. Duration of hepatitis B virus DNA positivity in these 11 patients was shorter than in 11 anti-delta-negative controls matched according to duration of preceding hepatitis B virus DNA positivity, but the difference was not statistically significant. Considering only patients positive for IgM anti-delta in the last serum sample (eight patients), a statistically significant shorter duration of hepatitis B virus DNA positivity was found in delta-infected patients than in the controls (p less than 0.02). The study indicates that the delta-agent may have the capacity to inhibit hepatitis B virus replication and that a chronic delta-infection may lead to a termination of the period of active viral replication.