tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Withdrawal of clinical trials policy by Canadian research institute is a "lost opportunity for increased transparency"
Authors: A. Silversides
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We present a general theory of infection spreading, which directly follows from conservation laws and takes as inputs the probability density functions of latent times. The derivation of the theory substantially differs from Kermack and McKendrick (1927) argument, which instead was based on the concept of removal rates. We demonstrate the formal equivalence of the two approaches, but our theory provides a clear interpretation of the kernels of the integro-differential equations governing the infection spreading in terms of survival function of the latent times distributions. This aspect was never captured before. Real distributions of latent times can be, then, employed, thus overcoming the limitations of standard SIR, SEIR and other similar models, which implicitly make use of exponential or exponential-related distributions. SIR and SEIR-type models are, in fact, a subclass of the theory here presented. We show that beside the infection rate <i>ν</i>, the joint probability density function <i>p</i><sub>EI</sub> (<i>τ, τ</i><sub>1</sub>) of latent times in the exposed and infectious compartments governs the infection spreading. Assuming that the number of infected individuals is negligible compare to the entire population, we were able to study the stability of the dynamical system and provide the general solution of equations in terms characteristic functions of the probability distribution of latent times. We present asymptotic solutions for the case <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> = 1 and demonstrate that the moments of the latent times distribution govern the rate of disease spreading in this case. The present theory is employed to simulate the diffusion of COVID-19 infection in Italy during the first 120 days. The estimated value of the basic reproduction number is <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> ≈ 3.5, in very good agreement with existing data.
Marked survival benefit associated with statin pretreatment prior to percutaneous coronary intervention is dependent upon the preprocedural inflammatory status
Authors: Albert W. Chan, Deepak L. Bhatt, Derek P. Chew, Joel Reginelli, Deepak P. Vivekananthan, Jakob P. Schneider, Eric J. Topol, Stephen G. Ellis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
psychosocial Predictors of Self-Care Behaviors (Compliance) and Glycemic Control in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: W Wilson, D V Ary, A Biglan, R E Glasgow, D J Toobert, D R Campbell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

This study assessed potential psychosocial correlates of self-care behaviors (compliance) and of glycemic control in a community sample of 184 people diagnosed as having non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. Four different diabetes self-care behaviors were studied (medication taking, glucose testing, diet, and exercise), and glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin analyses. Multiple measures were collected within each of several categories of psychosocial variables including knowledge, stress, depression, anxiety, diabetes-specific health beliefs, and social support. Findings indicate that ∼25% of the variance in self-care behaviors can be explained by psychosocial and demographic variables. In contrast, psychosocial variables were not significant predictors of level of glycemic control. The diabetes-specific psychosocial measures of health beliefs and social support were the most consistent and strongest predictors of self-care behavior across the different regimen areas studied. Possible reasons for these findings, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.
Transcription Factor Smad-Independent T Helper 17 Cell Induction by Transforming-Growth Factor-β Is Mediated by Suppression of Eomesodermin
Authors: Kenji Ichiyama, Takashi Sekiya, Naoko Inoue, Taiga Tamiya, Ikko Kashiwagi, Akihiro Kimura, Rimpei Morita, Go Muto, Takashi Shichita, Reiko Takahashi, Akihiko Yoshimura
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Influence of Cobalamin on Arsenic Metabolism in Bangladesh
Authors: Megan N. Hall, Xinhua Liu, Vesna Slavkovich, Vesna Ilievski, Zhongyuan Mi, Shafiul Alam, Pam Factor-Litvak, Habibul Ahsan, Joseph H. Graziano, Mary V. Gamble
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundArsenic is a carcinogen to which 35 million people in Bangladesh are chronically exposed. The enzymatic transfer of methyl groups to inorganic As (iAs) generates monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acids (DMA) and facilitates urinary As (uAs) elimination. This process is dependent on one-carbon metabolism, a pathway in which folate and cobalamin have essential roles in the recruitment and transfer of methyl groups. Although DMAV is the least toxic metabolite, increasing evidence suggests that MMAIII may be the most cytotoxic and genotoxic As intermediary metabolite.ObjectiveWe examined the associations between plasma cobalamin and uAs metabolites.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 778 Bangladeshi adults in which we over-sampled cobalamin-deficient participants. Participants provided blood samples for the measurement of plasma cobalamin and urine specimens for As measurements.ResultsCobalamin was inversely associated with the proportion of total uAs excreted as iAs (%iAs) [unstandardized regression coefficient (b) = –0.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.17 to −0.02; p = 0.01] and positively associated with %MMA (b = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.20; p = 0.001). Both of these associations were stronger among folate-sufficient participants (%iAs: b = −0.17; 95% CI, −0.30 to −0.03; p = 0.02. %MMA: b = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.30; p < 0.0001), and the differences by folate status were statistically significant.ConclusionsIn this group of Bangladeshi adults, cobalamin appeared to facilitate the first As methylation step among folate-sufficient individuals. Given the toxicity of MMAIII, our findings suggest that in contrast to folate, cobalamin may not favorably influence As metabolism.
Protection Against Aminoglycoside-induced Ototoxicity by Regulated AAV Vector–mediated GDNF Gene Transfer Into the Cochlea
Authors: Yuhe Liu, Takashi Okada, Kuniko Shimazaki, Kianoush Sheykholeslami, Tatsuya Nomoto, Shin-Ichi Muramatsu, Hiroaki Mizukami, Akihiro Kume, Shuifang Xiao, Keiichi Ichimura, Keiya Ozawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Since standard aminoglycoside treatment progressively causes hearing disturbance with hair cell degeneration, systemic use of the drugs is limited. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors have been of great interest because they mediate stable transgene expression in a variety of postmitotic cells with minimal toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of regulated AAV1-mediated glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in the cochlea on aminoglycoside-induced damage. AAV1-based vectors encoding GDNF or vectors encoding GDNF with an rtTA2s-S2 Tet-on regulation system were directly microinjected into the rat cochleae through the round window at 5 × 1010 genome copies/body. Seven days after the virus injection, a dose of 333 mg/kg of kanamycin was subcutaneously given twice daily for 12 consecutive days. GDNF expression in the cochlea was confirmed and successfully modulated by the Tet-on system. Monitoring of the auditory brain stem response revealed an improvement of cochlear function after GDNF transduction over the frequencies tested. Damaged spiral ganglion cells and hair cells were significantly reduced by GDNF expression. Our results suggest that AAV1-mediated expression of GDNF using a regulated expression system in the cochlea is a promising strategy to protect the cochlea from aminoglycoside-induced damage. Since standard aminoglycoside treatment progressively causes hearing disturbance with hair cell degeneration, systemic use of the drugs is limited. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors have been of great interest because they mediate stable transgene expression in a variety of postmitotic cells with minimal toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of regulated AAV1-mediated glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in the cochlea on aminoglycoside-induced damage. AAV1-based vectors encoding GDNF or vectors encoding GDNF with an rtTA2s-S2 Tet-on regulation system were directly microinjected into the rat cochleae through the round window at 5 × 1010 genome copies/body. Seven days after the virus injection, a dose of 333 mg/kg of kanamycin was subcutaneously given twice daily for 12 consecutive days. GDNF expression in the cochlea was confirmed and successfully modulated by the Tet-on system. Monitoring of the auditory brain stem response revealed an improvement of cochlear function after GDNF transduction over the frequencies tested. Damaged spiral ganglion cells and hair cells were significantly reduced by GDNF expression. Our results suggest that AAV1-mediated expression of GDNF using a regulated expression system in the cochlea is a promising strategy to protect the cochlea from aminoglycoside-induced damage.
VARIATIONS IN BLOOD FLOW WITH CHANGES IN POSITION IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGIC SUBJECTS 1
Authors: John S. Lawrence, Lewis M. Hurxthal, A. V. Bock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

The work reported in this paper was undertaken with the following objects in view: (a) Correlation of the various factors entering into the physiology of circulation under varying conditions; (b) com- parison of the circulatory responses of certain pathologic individuals with those obtained in normal subjects.The work includes simultaneous measurements of blood flow, rate of ventilation, metabolic rate, pulse rate, pulse pressure, cardiac out-put per systole, vital capacity, tension of carbon dioxide in alveo- lar air, and tension of carbon dioxide in arterial and mixed venous blood with changes of position.Observations have already been made on most, if not all, of these factors individually for the normal
Consultants should be available to admit patients to hospital 12 hours a day
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Hospital trusts should urgently review consultants’ rotas to ensure that acutely ill patients admitted outside normal working hours get optimal care from a senior doctor, says the Royal College of Physicians.

In a position statement on the care of patients out of hours, issued on 2 December, the college says that it is “concerned with the mounting evidence of substandard care delivered to patients who are admitted to hospital in the evening and at the weekend.” It believes this to be related to a lack of consultants to manage these patients outside normal working hours and cites the failure of job plans to balance the demands of elective and emergency work and to reflect …
The Legal Status of Consent Obtained From Families of Adult Patients to Withhold or Withdraw Treatment
Authors: Judith Areen
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A review is provided of (1) state legislation on living wills and advance directives and (2) state court decisions and legislation authorizing family members to make the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment from adult patients. Five aspects of the emerging legal standards are summarized: the type of patient eligible; the type of treatment that may be withdrawn or withheld; designation of which family members are empowered to exercise authority; measures intended to prevent abuse of the new power by family members; and provisions empowering physicians to decide. The author suggests that the most prudent course would be to direct health care providers to accept family decisions unless it appears that the family is acting out of ignorance or in bad faith, in which case the decision would be referred to a hospital ethicist or ethics committee and then--only if there were good grounds to suspect ignorance or bad faith--to judicial review.
Normal Serum Cholesterol Values
Authors: John C. Kramer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Friedman and Goldberg's growth chart for serum cholesterol (225:610, 1973) has certainly been needed for some time. I hope one of the milk companies gets hold of this and distributes it widely, as it deserves. The only problem that I see in such a study is that the values at present must have been obtained in some children already in the atherosclerotic range. The authors refer to Kannel's recommendations that seem a little arbitrary. A closer estimate of normal might be obtained by using the children from families where longevity has been demonstrated in the grandparents or great grandparents. Certainly those with a strong family history of death from atherosclerotic heart or brain disease should have been, and I hope were, excluded from this study, since I am sure Dr. Goldberg is aware that once you get interested in this field, patients are quickly aware of it
Doxycycline treatment and Desert Storm
Authors: G. L. Nicolson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —If the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Technology Assessment Workshop report on Operation Desert Storm syndrome/illnesses was meant to address fears that these illnesses are not being taken seriously and to establish practical working case definitions for the chronic illnesses associated with Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, it was not an auspicious start. After listening to the health complaints of numerous veterans of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, including our stepdaughter and her colleagues who served in the US Army's 101st Airborne Division, and complaints about their inability to convince military hospitals and Veterans Affairs medical centers that they are suffering from a possible syndrome with the same major symptoms listed in the workshop report, we attempted to suggest that many of these symptoms can be explained by aggressive pathogenic mycoplasma infections, such as Mycoplasma incognitus or Mycoplasma penetrans , 2 and they should be treatable
Erratum: Corrigendum: Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome
Authors: Takaji Wakita, Thomas Pietschmann, Takanobu Kato, Tomoko Date, Michiko Miyamoto, Zijiang Zhao, Krishna Murthy, Anja Habermann, Hans-Georg Kräusslich, Masashi Mizokami, Ralf Bartenschlager, T Jake Liang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
IMMUNOSCINTIGRAFHY WITH IN-111 LABELED MURINE CO 17–1A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PRIOR TO RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: S. Dadparvar, A. Chevres, L. W. Brady, W. J. Slizofski, B. Micaily, J. Damsker, C. Miyamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Dadparvar, S.; Chevres, A.; Brady, L. W.; Slizofski, W. J.; Micaily, B.; Damsker, J.; Miyamoto, C. Author Information
Study shows poor reliability of prostate cancer test
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The standard blood test used to screen for prostate cancer, the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, already considered to be inaccurate, is failing to identify eight of every 10 men aged under 60 who later have prostate cancer diagnosed, a study shows.

Between 1995 and 2001 Dr Rinaa Punglia, of Harvard Medical School, and her team examined 6691 consecutive men enrolled in a screening study at the Washington …
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Diagnosis
Authors: PETER SZOLOVITS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

In an attempt to overcome limitations inherent in conventional computer-aided diagnosis, investigators have created programs that simulate expert human reasoning. Hopes that such a strategy would lead to clinically useful programs have not been fulfilled, but many of the problems impeding creation of effective artificial intelligence programs have been solved. Strategies have been developed to limit the number of hypotheses that a program must consider and to incorporate pathophysiologic reasoning. The latter innovation permits a program to analyze cases in which one disorder influences the presentation of another. Prototypes embodying such reasoning can explain their conclusions in medical terms that can be reviewed by the user. Despite these advances, further major research and developmental efforts will be necessary before expert performance by the computer becomes a reality.
Tennis specific limitations in players with an ACL deficient knee: Table 1
Authors: J Maquirriain, P J Megey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) causes significant alteration of knee joint kinematics. Untreated patients often develop joint instability, chronic articular degeneration, and knee dysfunction. Demands on the ACL produced by playing tennis have not been investigated.To identify subjective sport-specific limitations in tennis players with isolated unilateral ACL deficiency.Prospective case-control study.16 players (mean (SD) age, 39.9 (2.3) years; 14 men) with a chronic unilateral ACL deficient knee and 16 healthy controls (38.25 (8.47) years; 14 men) were recruited. ACL deficiency was confirmed by clinical and magnetic resonance imaging. A Lysholm score was obtained in all patients, together with subjective evaluation of their current tennis performance compared with pre-injury levels, applying a 0-100% visual scale. Both groups completed a questionnaire on tennis specific abilities.Lysholm scores were: 85.6 (10.3) points in the study group and 100 (0) points in the control group (p<0.001, t test for independent samples). Injured players evaluated their current tennis performance as 66.8 (15.2)% compared with 100% pre-injury level (p<0.005, t test for dependent samples). Abilities affected in the ACL deficient group were landing after a smash stroke (p<0.001); stopping abruptly and changing (p<0.001); playing a three set singles match (p<0.05); and playing on a hard court surface (p<0.001, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test).There are specific limitations associated with complete isolated ACL rupture, including subjective tennis performance impairment, limitations landing after a smash, stopping and changing step direction, difficulties playing a three set singles match, and playing on hard court surfaces.
Focal Encephalitis Due to Pseudomonas pseudomallei
Authors: Lawrence P. Tremonti
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A 22-year-old man made an initial recovery from Pseudomonas pseudomallei sepsis resulting from a "drowning" episode. Several weeks later he developed neurological symptoms which were due to focal encephalitis secondary to the same organism. This is the first reported case of a focal central nervous system infection due to P pseudomallei.
Lack of evidence that myelin-associated glycoprotein is a major inhibitor of axonal regeneration in the CNS
Authors: Udo Bartsch, Christine E. Bandtlow, Lisa Schnell, Susanne Bartsch, Adrian A. Spillmann, Beatrix P. Rubin, Rainer Hillenbrand, Dirk MontagMartin E. Schwab, Melitta Schachner
Journal: Neuron (1995)
Lesions produced with radiofrequency ablation catheters in an experimental in-vivo model using the low-energy-measurement method. prediction of lesion size
Authors: Jose G. Rebollo, Antonio Hernandez-Madrid, Anibal Rodriguez, Lucas Cano, Gonzalo Peña, Detelina Savova, Asuncion Camino, Manuel G. Bueno, Jose M. Cano, Concepcion Moro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Pseudo T-cell lymphoma due to scabies in a patient with Hodgkin's disease
Authors: SHERNAZ WALTON, W. W. BOTTOMLEY, E. H. WYATT, H. P. R. BURY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Pseudo T‐cell lymphoma due to scabies in a patient with Hodgkin's disease Get access SHERNAZ WALTON, SHERNAZ WALTON Department of Dermatology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull Dr S. Walton, Department of Dermatology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull, N. Humberside HU3 2JZ, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. W. BOTTOMLEY, W. W. BOTTOMLEY Department of Dermatology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. H. WYATT, E. H. WYATT Department of Dermatology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. P. R. BURY H. P. R. BURY Department of Histopathology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 3, 1 March 1991, Pages 277–278, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00573.x Published: 01 March 1991
Andrew Kinley Dewar
Authors: John Dewar, Mark Dewar, Robert Dewar, Nicky Williams
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Background and aim</h3> Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells that have immunosuppressive effects both in vitro and in experimental colitis. Promising results of MSC therapy have been obtained in patients with severe graft versus host disease of the gut. Our objective was to determine the safety and feasibility of autologous bone marrow derived MSC therapy in patients with refractory Crohn9s disease. <h3>Patients and intervention</h3> 10 adult patients with refractory Crohn9s disease (eight females and two males) underwent bone marrow aspiration under local anaesthesia. Bone marrow MSCs were isolated and expanded ex vivo. MSCs were tested for phenotype and functionality in vitro. 9 patients received two doses of 1–2×10<sup>6</sup> cells/kg body weight, intravenously, 7 days apart. During follow-up, possible side effects and changes in patients9 Crohn9s disease activity index (CDAI) scores were monitored. Colonoscopies were performed at weeks 0 and 6, and mucosal inflammation was assessed by using the Crohn9s disease endoscopic index of severity. <h3>Results</h3> MSCs isolated from patients with Crohn9s disease showed similar morphology, phenotype and growth potential compared to MSCs from healthy donors. Importantly, immunomodulatory capacity was intact, as Crohn9s disease MSCs significantly reduced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in vitro. MSC infusion was without side effects, besides a mild allergic reaction probably due to the cryopreservant DMSO in one patient. Baseline median CDAI was 326 (224–378). Three patients showed clinical response (CDAI decrease ≥70 from baseline) 6 weeks post-treatment; conversely three patients required surgery due to disease worsening. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Administration of autologous bone marrow derived MSCs appears safe and feasible in the treatment of refractory Crohn9s disease. No serious adverse events were detected during bone marrow harvesting and administration.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN RESISTANCE TO BILE FLOW TO THE INTESTINE
Authors: Robert Elman, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

Under specially controlled conditions in the healthy unanesthetized dog we have measured the resistance offered to the flow of bile through the lower common duct. The average resistance 4 to 12 hours after a feeding was found to correspond to the pressure of a column of bile 100 to 120 mm. in height. After a 24 to 72 hour fast the resistance was such as to support a much higher column of bile, one of 300 mm. at times. The exhibition of food to the fasting animal usually precipitated a reflex lessening in the resistance to the flow of bile to the intestine, the actual taking of food always brought it about. This was transient and was soon followed by a period of increased resistance lasting 10 to 30 minutes after food had entered the stomach. There succeeded a drop in resistance which was gradual and fluctuating. We have observed an increase in the resistance to the flow of bile into the intestine after alkali has entered the stomach, and a decrease after acid has been administered. We attribute the sudden changes chiefly to the activity of the sphincter of Oddi.