tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol histories taken from elderly people on admission
Authors: P C Naik, R G Jones
Journal: BMJ (1994)

medroxyprogesterone acetate to be similar in the femoral neck and spine,, studies of young women with oestrogen deficiency have generally shown the spine to be more severely affected.2In this study bone density in the femoral neck was at least maintained in women who stopped taking depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, whereas small losses occurred in the other groups.
Why Not Try Preventing Illness as a Way of Controlling Medicare Costs?
Authors: Anne R. Somers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Now that health-care costs have reached 10.5 per cent of our gross national product and Medicare alone is approaching 2 per cent,1 it is not surprising that the search for cost-control strategies has also escalated. What is distressing is the continued lack of attention to what is potentially the most effective of all cost-control strategies: the prevention or minimization of disease and disability. In the case of Medicare, the basic statute specifically bans payment for "routine physical check-ups," eye, hearing, and dental examinations, and immunizations (Social Security Act, Section 1862). The one exception is immunization against pneumococcal pneumonia, legislated in . . .
Photosensitisation facilitates cross-priming of adjuvant-free protein vaccines and stimulation of tumour-suppressing CD8 T cells
Authors: Monika Håkerud, Pål K. Selbo, Ying Waeckerle-Men, Emmanuel Contassot, Piotr Dziunycz, Thomas M. Kündig, Anders Høgset, Pål Johansen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Effects of hypoxia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis on canine subendocardial action potential conduction.
Authors: R D Veenstra, R W Joyner, R T Wiedmann, M L Young, R C Tan
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We have studied the individual and combined effects of elevated external potassium concentration (8 mM [K+], metabolic acidosis (pH = 6.8), and hypoxia at different stimulation 400 milliseconds) on Purkinje (P) and ventricular (V) conduction velocities and on Purkinje-ventricular junctional conduction delay (PVJ delay) in in vitro preparations from canine ventricles. Elevated [K+] had opposite effects on P and V velocities, increasing V velocity by 8% while reducing P velocity by 7%. Acidosis reduced P velocity by 9% while reducing V velocity by only 4%. Hypoxia and rapid stimulation rates had no significant effect on either P or V velocities. All test solutions (except hypoxia alone) significantly increased the PVJ delay. The magnitude of the increase in PVJ delay was much greater than the effects on either P or V velocity. In addition, hypoxia and rapid stimulation augmented the increase in PVJ delay in the presence of elevated [K+] and/or acidosis. The special features of conduction at the PV junctional sites may produce altered pathways of excitation of the ventricles during myocardial ischemia.
Fall in skin temperature of exercising man.
Authors: M Torii, M Yamasaki, T Sasaki, H Nakayama
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

Fall in skin temperature during initial muscular work was investigated in ten healthy men. Bicycle exercise was performed at workloads of 50-150 W in a climatic chamber at ambient temperatures of 10-40 degrees C (relative humidity 45-55%). Skin temperatures at seven or eight points over the body surface were measured using thermography and thermocouple recording systems. Sweat rates were significantly higher at 40 degrees C than at 30 degrees C, whereas the fall in skin temperature was almost equal. The reduction of skin temperature during exercise was the same throughout the year, although sweat rate was significantly higher in summer than in winter. In coloured thermographics of the skin temperature distribution during exercise of both 50 and 150 W at 10 or 20 degrees C, the skin temperature began to decline immediately at the onset of the exercise. Increased work intensities reduced skin temperature. The results suggest that fall in skin temperature during initial exercise was not due to increased evaporative cooling but to vasoconstriction, probably caused by non-thermal factors.
Adhesive Rubber Dam.
Authors: J. B. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1901)

<b>Chicago</b>, May 14, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reply to the criticism of Dr. Fenton B. Turck, inThe Journaldated May 6, I regret exceedingly that the Doctor does not distinguish between the aseptic<i>adhesive</i>rubber dam described in my article and the rubber dam, not adhesive, which he advocated inThe Journalof June 9, 1900, or the one mentioned in the<i>Medical Record</i>of Aug. 11, 1900, "being held in place with straps and buckles," to use the Doctor's description; or the one mentioned in the<i>Philadelphia Medical Journal</i>, March 30, 1901, p. 622, which latter article was published after the dam which I described was made and used publicly in my clinic, and after I had promised my article to the editor ofThe Journal. The dam I describe is not put on with bisulphid of carbon cement, nor with any of the Doctor's several special
Government launches consultation on how to deliver cap on social care costs
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The government has launched a consultation on how to implement its reforms to social care funding in England, which include the delivery of a new cap of £72 000 (€87 000; $114 000) on eligible care costs from 2016.

The reforms, based on recommendations from the Dilnot review,1 will offer additional financial help for people with less than £118 000 in assets including their home, and “deferred payments” from local authorities from 2015 to prevent anyone having to sell their home in their lifetime.

The plans will require local authorities to assess eligibility for residential care or home services and will introduce new national eligibility standards to ensure people qualified for the same level of services regardless of where they lived.2

In …
Hospital Readmissions—Not Just a Measure of Quality
Authors: Shreya Kangovi, David Grande
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mass Simulating Fetal Head in Pelvis of a 68-Year-Old Man
Authors: A. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>History</h3> A 68-year-old chronic alcoholic man with ascites had a strangulated umbilical hernia. Bowel palpated in the hernia sac was reduced. A paracentesis was also performed because of the marked ascites and abdominal distention. A supine anteroposterior abdominal roentgenogram (Fig 1) and horizontal beam and oblique supine abdominal films were then obtained. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Air in an empty umbilical hernia ("pregnant male" sign). <h3>Comment</h3> The large circular rim density observed on the supine anteroposterior abdominal film was suggestive of a fetal head in the pelvis. A horizontal beam cross-table lateral film confirmed the presence of air in the umbilical hernia, which was displaced inferiorly by the massively distended abdomen (Fig 2). The air acted as a contrast to the margin of the hernial sac, which produced the unusual radiological appearance of the supine abdominal film. It is presumed that the air was introduced into the peritoneal cavity during the paracentesis and
Case of Cystocele: Induction of Premature Labour: Operation: Recovery
Authors: H. E. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1882)

rigid, and there were violent and painful contractions of the muscles on the front and back of the chest.The general spasms also became more frequent, and sometimes occurred during sleep.The dose of gefsemiinum extract was then increased to forty minims every two hours.During the third day, there was a marked improvement in both tonic and clonic spasms; the medicine was continued in forty- mitim doses.By the close of the fourth day, the rigidity of the jaws was almost entirely relieved, and the general spasms recurrred at longer intervals, and with diminished violence.After this period, the improve.ment was rapid and regular, and the dose of gelseminum was reduced to twenty minims, at which it was continued till full convalescence.No remedy of any potency was used after the first six hours but the gelse- minum, and there can hardly be a doubt that the cure was the result of its use.The extract was fresh from the laboratory of Tilden and Co., and was given for a week in amounts closely approximating half an ounce to an ounce every twenty-four hours; it produced no other sensible effect than that of controlling the spasms and arresting the disease.There was no dizziness, no dimness of sight, no double vision, and no prostration of strength, as I have seen in other patients with other diseases from much smaller doses of the same preparation.So far as I am aware, this is the only instance, in the records of medicine, of the use of gelseminum in the treatment of tetanus, and the result bere is certainly encouraging.As the gelseminum exerts such powerful control over spasms of the voluntary muscles, I would advise its use in hydrophobia, and I would suggest that it be used hypodermically, whether in tetanus or in hydro- phobia.
Blasting into the Microworld of Tissue Proteomics: A New Window on Cancer
Authors: David H. Geho, Emanuel F. Petricoin, Lance A. Liotta
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

At a functional level, cancer is a proteomic disease [(1)][1] . Although DNA is the information archive, proteins do all of the work of the cell. A pathogenetic defect is selected out during somatic genetic progression because the defect ultimately alters the protein network to generate a selective
Paratyphoid Fever Associated with Chinese Frozen Whole Egg
Authors: K. W. Newell, B. C. Hobbs, E. J. G. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1955)

The enzymes that degrade proteins to peptides for presentation on MHC class II molecules are poorly understood. The cysteinal lysosomal proteases, cathepsin L (CL) and cathepsin S (CS), have been shown to process invariant chain, thereby facilitating MHC class II maturation. However, their role in Ag processing is not established. To examine this issue, we generated embryonic fibroblast lines that express CL, CS, or neither. Expression of CL or CS mediates efficient degradation of invariant chain as expected. Ag presentation was evaluated using T cell hybridoma assays as well as mass spectroscopic analysis of peptides eluted from MHC class II molecules. Interestingly, we found that the majority of peptides are presented regardless of CL or CS expression, although these proteases often alter the relative levels of the peptides. However, for a subset of Ags, epitope generation is critically regulated by CL or CS. This result suggests that these cysteinal proteases participate in Ag processing and generate qualitative and quantitative differences in the peptide repertoires displayed by MHC class II molecules.
Tenting area reflects disease severity and prognosis in patients with non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Oguz Karaca, Anil Avci, Gamze B. Guler, Elnur Alizade, Ekrem Guler, Cetin Gecmen, Yunus Emiroglu, Ozlem Esen, Ali M. Esen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
[319] AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (AMPK) BLOCKS THE EFFECTS OF PDGF BY PI3K-INDEPENDENT SIGNALS AND IS DOWNREGULATED DURING IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS
Authors: C. Bertolani, A. Caligiuri, C. Tosti Guerra, S. Aleffi, S. Galastri, M. Trappoliere, M. Pinzani, F. Marra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase in the isolated sweat glands of normal and atopic subjects
Authors: D.W.K. COTTON, ELISABETH ROSSUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Hexokinase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase in the isolated sweat glands of normal and atopic subjects Get access D.W.K. COTTON, D.W.K. COTTON Department of Dermatology, University of Nijinegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELISABETH VAN ROSSUM ELISABETH VAN ROSSUM Department of Dermatology, University of Nijinegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 5, 1 November 1973, Pages 459–465, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03006.x Published: 01 November 1973 Article history Accepted: 29 March 1973 Published: 01 November 1973
Notes on the Destruction of Micro-Organisms by Am boid Cells
Authors: M. A. Ruffer
Journal: BMJ (1890)

THE task of the pathologist studying the lesions produced by in- fectious diseases has, in the course of the last few years, been greatly modified by the important discoveries of bacteriological science.Some years ago, the student simply described the microscopical and naked-eye changes in the anatomical elements of patients who had died during the course of an infectious malady.Here his task ended, for there was but little possibility of explaining the causation of symptoms by the patho- logical alterations found in the cells of the body.With the dis.coveries of Pasteur, Lister and Koch, a new era set in, and pathologists strove to find the microscopic germs which are the cause of infectious disease, and the study of cellular alterations present in such affections fell into apparent neglect.This was not to last long, however, for with Metschnikoff's researches a new impetus was given to the study of cellular pathology, and the struggle of the cells of the animal organism with the lower parasites is now the most interesting problem of pathology.The following is an account of a few facts which I have observed whilst investigating this problem.I. If a Peyer's patch of a healthy rabbit' be removed with all antiseptic precautions, immediately after death, and plunged at once into absolute alcohol, it presents, on section and after careful staining (alum-carmine and gentian-violet), the following remarkable appearances.The lumen of the intestinal tube formed by the fence-like layer of epithelium cells covering the patch is lined by numerous microorganisms of various shapes and sizes.A number of leuco-,ytes, wandering out from the lymphoid tissue beneath, find their way into the layer of epithelium cells, push some of these forcibly aside, and emigrate into the lumen of the intestinal tube.Exa- mination with a high power shows that some of the leucocytes present between the epithelium cells contain micro-organisms in their interior, which, being stained dark violet, stand out sharply from the red background.The interior of the patch is riddled everywhere by an enormous number of micro-organisms, which, without exception, are con-
Whooping cough and pertussis vaccine.
Authors: G T Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1983)

United Kingdom is 30 cases per 100 000 women.Unless one is advising routine diagnostic curettages in all 50-60 year old women, the intention to start oestrogen treatment does not create such a necessity.An argument can be made for a curettage every three to five years after oestrogen treatment, but an annual endometrial biopsy as recommended by Dr Craig does not even appeal to the private practitioner in me.The epidemic of endometrial carcinoma in the late 1970s occurred only in the USA and was clearly the result of inappropriate treatment without progestogen or proper super- vision (of 2500 reported cases only seven had had "progesterone" rarely).2Now that the protective effect of oestrogen-progestogen preparations on the endometrium has been established,3 I doubt whether an annual curettage is justified even on a research level as such an investigation of 2000 patients over eight years in my research clinic has yet to diagnose a single case of endometrial car- cinoma in patients whose treatment we had com- menced and supervised.No doubt the Family Planning Association will successfully spread its skills past repro- ductive life, but I would urge them to resist the temptation to create an expensive com- plexity out of a simple cost effective treatment.
Anti-Th/To antibodies in Italian scleroderma patients: clinical and immunological correlations and comparison with patients with anti-centromere antibodies
Authors: A Ceribelli, I Cavazzana, P Airo, A Tincani, F Franceschini, B A Pauley, E K L Chan, M Satoh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Purpose Anti-Th/To antibodies, found in 3-5% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), recognise a nucleolar 7-2/8-2 RNA-protein complex.They are associated with limited SSc (lSSc) with lung involvement and reduced survival comparing with anticentromere (ACA) (+) patients.However, clinical studies on anti-Th/To are limited due to poor availability of serological tests.The aim of our study is to compare the clinical manifestations of patients with two autoantibodies associated with lSSc: anti-Th/To and ACA.
Impact of high-dose peginterferon alfa-2A on virological response rates in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stuart K. Roberts, Martin D. Weltman, Darrell H. G. Crawford, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, William Sievert, Wendy S. Cheng, William Rawlinson, Paul V. Desmond, Phillipa S. Marks, Motoko Yoshihara, Bishoy Rizkalla, Jean K. DePamphilis, Gregory J. Dore
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

This study tested the hypothesis that high-dose peginterferon alfa-2a (PEG-IFNα-2a) for the first 12 weeks would increase early and sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. Eight hundred ninety-six patients were randomized 1:1 to 360 μg (n = 448) or 180 μg (n = 448) PEG-IFNα-2a weekly plus ribavirin at 1000-1200 mg/day for 12 weeks, followed by 36 weeks of 180 μg PEG-IFNα-2a weekly plus ribavirin at 1000-1200 mg/day with 871 patients evaluable for the intention-to-treat analysis. Virological responses were assessed by TaqMan (limit of detection 15 IU/mL) at week 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 (end of therapy), and 24 weeks following therapy (SVR). Undetectable hepatitis C virus RNA rates were significantly higher among patients receiving high-dose induction therapy at week 4 (36% versus 26%, P &lt; 0.005), week 8 (61% versus 50%, P &lt; 0.005), and week 12 (74% versus 62%, P &lt; 0.005). However, SVR was not significantly different between patients receiving high-dose (53%) and standard (50%) therapy. Significant baseline prognostic factors for SVR included age, sex, race, histological stage, and viral load. SVR was considerably higher among patients with no or minimal fibrosis (64% and 60%, respectively) compared to those with severe fibrosis/cirrhosis (28% and 24%, respectively). The frequency of serious adverse events and drug discontinuations were similar in both groups, whereas PEG-IFN dose modification, weight and appetite reduction, and grade IV neutropenia were significantly higher in the induction arm. Conclusion: Induction dosing with 360 μg/week PEG-IFNα-2a for 12 weeks was well tolerated and enhanced early virological response but not SVR rates. The high SVR rates in patients with minimal fibrosis highlight the benefit of early treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1. (Hepatology 2009.)
Losartan-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Losartan is an orally active, nonpeptide angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist that has been licensed for the treatment of hypertension in many countries. This new drug also produces beneficial hemodynamic effects both acutely and with long-term dosing in patients with symptomatic heart failure.<sup>1</sup>Adverse events related to losartan are uncommon and mainly include headache, hypotension, renal dysfunction, and hyperkalemia.<sup>1-3</sup>Herein we describe a patient who developed acute severe hepatic injury while taking losartan. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 46-year-old man was admitted in September 1996 because of a 2-week history of malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and jaundice. He had been well until 3 months before admission when treatment with enalapril, 10 mg/d, was prescribed for moderate essential hypertension. One month before admission, treatment with enalapril was stopped because of persistent cough attributed to this drug, and losartan, 50 mg/d, was given instead.
Study shows paucity of female medical academics in UK
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Only a tenth of professors in academic medicine in the United Kingdom are women, a new study has found.

The review of workforce data for 2004-5 found that the proportion of professors who were women was never more than a third in any medical school and that five schools had no women professors at all ( Medical Education 2007:41;909-14). Of …
Influence of Surgical and Minimally Invasive Facial Cosmetic Procedures on Psychosocial Outcomes
Authors: Sotonye Imadojemu, David B. Sarwer, Ivona Percec, Seema S. Sonnad, Jennifer E. Goldsack, Morgan Berman, Joseph F. Sobanko
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Millions of surgical and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures of the face are performed each year, but objective clinical measures that evaluate surgical procedures, such as complication rates, have limited utility when applied to cosmetic procedures. While there may be subjective improvements in appearance, it is important to determine if these interventions have an impact on patients in other realms such as psychosocial functioning. This is particularly important in light of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its emphasis on patient-centered outcomes and effectiveness.To review the literature investigating the impact of facial cosmetic surgery and minimally invasive procedures on relevant psychological variables to guide clinical practice and set norms for clinical performance.English-language randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies that preoperatively and postoperatively assessed psychological variables in at least 10 patients seeking surgical or minimally invasive cosmetic procedures of the face.Only 1 study investigating minimally invasive procedures was identified. Most studies reported modest improvement in psychosocial functioning, which included quality of life, self-esteem, and body image. Unfortunately, the overall quality of evidence is limited owing to an absence of control groups, short follow-up periods, or loss to follow-up.The current literature suggests that a number of psychosocial domains may improve following facial cosmetic surgery, although the quality of this evidence is limited (grade of recommendation 2A). Despite the dramatic rise in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact of chemodenervation and soft-tissue augmentation on psychosocial functioning.
Mutant prion proteins in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with neurofibrillary tangles
Authors: Karen Hsiao, Stephen R. Dlouhy, Martin R. Farlow, Carin Cass, Maria Da Costa, P. Michael Conneally, M. E. Hodes, Bernardino Ghetti, Stanley B. Prusiner
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)