tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and safety of the bivalent HPV vaccine in female patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective controlled observational cohort study
Authors: Marloes W Heijstek, Mirte Scherpenisse, Noortje Groot, Carline Tacke, Rutger M Schepp, Anne-Marie Buisman, Guy A M Berbers, Fiona R M van der Klis, Nico M Wulffraat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the immunogenicity and safety of the bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV)16/18 vaccine between female patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and healthy female adolescents. <h3>Methods</h3> 68 patients and 55 healthy girls aged 12–18 years were included in a prospective controlled observational cohort and were vaccinated at 0, 1 and 6 months. Primary outcomes were immunogenicity expressed as seropositivity rate after three vaccine doses at 7 and 12 months and HPV-specific geometric mean antibody concentrations. Secondary outcomes were HPV16/18-specific memory B cell responses in a subset of participants and safety, defined as adverse events and the effect of vaccination on JIA disease activity. <h3>Results</h3> All participants were seropositive for HPV16 and HPV18 at 7 months. One patient turned seronegative at 12 months for HPV16/18. No significant differences were found between patients and controls in HPV-specific antibody concentrations; however, antibody concentrations were consistently lower in patients. No effect of methotrexate on HPV16 antibodies (p=0.79) or HPV18 antibodies (p=0.37) was detected. All patients on anti-TNFα treatment were seropositive after vaccination. The kinetics of HPV16/18 memory B cell responses was comparable between patients and controls, but the magnitude of B cell responses at 7 and 12 months appeared lower in patients. No relevant differences in adverse events were found. HPV vaccination did not aggravate JIA disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine is immunogenic and well tolerated in JIA patients. However, HPV-specific antibodies and B cell responses tended to be lower in patients compared with healthy controls. <h3>Clinical trial listing</h3> NCT00815282
Effects of acute salbutamol intake during supramaximal exercise in women
Authors: Bénédicte Le Panse, Alexandre Arlettaz, Hugues Portier, Anne-Marie Lecoq, Jacques De Ceaurriz, Katia Collomp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objective: To study the effects of an acute therapeutic oral intake of β 2 agonist on performance and substrate response during supramaximal exercise in women. Methods: 12 healthy moderately trained female volunteers performed a Wingate test after ingestion of placebo (Pla) and salbutamol (Sal; 4 mg) according to a double-blind randomised crossover study. Blood samples were collected at rest, at the end of exercise and after 5 (r5), 10 (r10) and 15 (r15) min of passive recovery for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), insulin, blood glucose and lactate measurements. Results: Peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) significantly increased whereas time to peak power was significantly shorter with Sal than with Pla (p&lt;0.05). No change was observed in the fatigue index. ACTH was not significantly modified but r15 growth hormone significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05) after the intake of Sal. Both blood INS and blood glucose were significantly increased by the intake of Sal during all the experiments (p&lt;0.01). Blood lactate was significantly increased by the intake of Sal compared with that of Pla (p&lt;0.05) after 10 and 15 min of passive recovery. Conclusion: From these data, acute therapeutic oral intake of Sal seems to induce, irrespective of the subjects’ gender, an improvement in performance during a supramaximal exercise—that is, increase in PP and MP. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether the mechanisms involved in the response to intake of Sal are linked to central and/or peripheral pathways.
Dicing with chance, life and death in systematic reviews and meta-analyses: D.I.C.E. 3, a simulation study
Authors: Mike Clarke, Jim Halsey
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2014)

Objectives To show the effects of chance on meta-analyses, and the potential dangers of being prompted to do a meta-analysis by one favourable trial. Design In total, 100,000 trials were simulated and combined into 10,000 meta-analyses, using data from the control group of a cancer trial. Each participant record was randomly coded to simulate allocation to ‘treatment’ or ‘control’. Setting Simulated study. Participants De-identified records for 578 patients from the control group of a cancer trial, of whom 147 had died. Main outcome measure Time to death from any cause. Results Of the 100,000 trials, 4897 (4.9%) were statistically significant at 2 p &lt; 0.05 and 123 (1.2%) of the 10,000 meta-analyses were significant at 2 p &lt; 0.01. The most extreme result was a 20% reduction (99% CI: 0.70–0.91; 2 p = 0.00002) in the annual odds of dying in the ‘treatment’ group. If a meta-analysis contained at least one trial with a statistically significant result (at 2 p &lt; 0.05), the likelihood of the meta-analysis being significant (at 2 p &lt; 0.01) increased strikingly. For example, among the 473 meta-analyses in which the first trial in a batch of 10 was statistically significant (at 2 p &lt; 0.05), 18 (3.8%) favoured treatment at 2 p &lt; 0.01. Conclusions Chance can influence the results of meta-analyses regardless of how well they are conducted. Researchers should not ignore this when they plan a meta-analysis and when they report their results. People reading their reports should also be wary. Caution is particularly important when the results of one or more included studies influenced the decision to do the meta-analysis.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on development of dyspeptic and reflux disease in healthy asymptomatic subjects
Authors: D Vaira
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background and aim:</b> There are few data on the course of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection in asymptomatic subjects. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of eradication therapy on the development of dyspeptic and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in a cohort of asymptomatic individuals observed over a prolonged period. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 169 blood donors infected with <i>H pylori</i> who had volunteered for studies on eradication in 1990 formed the cohort. To be included in this cohort subjects had to have no symptoms, as determined by a validated symptom questionnaire at the baseline visit. Eighty eight subjects were infected with <i>H pylori</i> while 81 had successfully undergone eradication therapy. Subjects were followed up (annually) using the same symptom questionnaire and in 2000 they underwent repeat endoscopy. <b>Results:</b> Thirteen subjects developed symptoms during follow up. The incidence of symptoms in <i>H pylori</i> positive subjects was 1.893/100 person-years of follow up and in <i>H pylori</i> negative individuals 0.163/100 person-years of follow up. <i>H pylori</i> infected subjects were significantly more likely to develop symptoms (log rank test, p=0.003) as well as those infected with CagA positive strains (log rank test, p=0.017). The development of symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was no different in individuals with and without eradication (odds ratio 0.57 (95% confidence interval 0.26–1.24); p=0.163). <b>Conclusions:</b><i>H pylori</i> eradication prevents the development of dyspeptic symptoms and peptic ulcer disease in healthy asymptomatic blood donors and is not associated with an increase in the incidence of symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Suppression of adjuvant arthritis by a new cytotoxic compound, rubidomycin.
Authors: F Quagliata, P.M Sanders, D.L Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

A vigorous search continues for drugs capable of alleviating those connective tissue diseases which are mediated by immunological mechanisms.The experimental disorder caused in rats by the injection of Freund's complete adjuvant or of mycobacteria suspended in oil has been used extensively to test compounds for this purpose.Adjuvant disease, of which polyarthritis is a prominent feature, is highly reproducible and is believed to be the result of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction against antigen(s) associated with the peptide-glyco-lipides of the wax D fraction of the mycobacteria or of the nocardia (Bonhomme, 1967; Pearson, Wood, and Tanaka, 1968).This paper reports a study of adjuvant disease under treatment with the new cytotoxic drug, Rubidomycin.Rubidomycin (Fig. 1), an anthracycline derivative with antibiotic properties (Dubc Ninet, Pinnert, Preud'homme, a is known to possess cytotoxic ac a)R, =H R2 = OCH3 Fig. 1.-Simplified formula for Rubidomyci the two components of the molecule are li
Body composition for health and performance: a survey of body composition assessment practice carried out by the Ad Hoc Research Working Group on Body Composition, Health and Performance under the auspices of the IOC Medical Commission
Authors: Nanna L Meyer, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, Timothy G Lohman, Timothy R Ackland, Arthur D Stewart, Ronald J Maughan, Suzanne Smith, Wolfram Müller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Successful performers in weight-sensitive sports are characterised by low body mass (BM) and fat content. This often requires chronic energy restriction and acute weight loss practices.To evaluate current use of body composition (BC) assessment methods and identify problems and solutions with current BC approaches.A 40-item survey was developed, including demographic and content questions related to BC assessment. The survey was electronically distributed among international sporting organisations. Frequencies and χ(2) analyses were computed.216 responses were received, from 33 countries, representing various institutions, sports and competitive levels. Of the sample, 86% of respondents currently assess BC, most frequently using skinfolds (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK): 50%; non-ISAK, conventional: 40%; both: 28%), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (38%), bioelectrical impedance (29%), air displacement plethysmography (17%) and hydrostatic weighing (10%). Of those using skinfolds, more at the international level used ISAK, whereas conventional approaches were more reported at regional/national level (p=0.006). The sport dietitian/nutritionist (57%) and physiologist/sports scientist (54%) were most frequently the professionals assessing BC, followed by MDs and athletic trainers, with some reporting coaches (5%). 36% of 116 respondents assessed hydration status and more (64%) did so at international than regional/national level (36%, p=0.028). Of 125 participants answering the question of whether they thought that BC assessment raised problems, 69% said 'yes', with most providing ideas for solutions.Results show high use of BC assessment but also a lack of standardisation and widespread perception of problems related to BM and BC in sport. Future work should emphasise standardisation with appropriate training opportunities and more research on BC and performance.
Corynebacterium parvum versus tetracycline as pleural sclerosing agents in rabbits
Authors: FS Vargas, NS Wang, LR Teixeira, AO Carmo, LM Silva, RW Light
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Tetracycline has been one of the most commonly used agents for producing a pleurodesis. However, it is no longer available due to more stringent requirements on the manufacturing process. The objective of this project was to determine whether Corynebacterium parvum is an effective sclerosant in an experimental model in rabbits. The following medications were instilled intrapleurally in anaesthetized male rabbits: tetracycline 35 mg.kg-1 or C. parvum 4 or 8 mg, all diluted with bacteriostatic saline solution. Twenty eight days after the instillation, the animals were sacrificed and the pleural spaces assessed macroscopically for evidence of pleurodesis and microscopically for evidence of fibrosis and inflammation. The intrapleural injection of C. parvum was ineffective in creating pleural fibrosis. The mean degree of pleurodesis in the 10 rabbits who received tetracycline was 3.5 +/- 0.7 (scale 0-4) whilst in the 10 rabbits that received 4 mg C. parvum it was 0.0 +/- 0.0, and in the 10 rabbits that received 8 mg C. parvum it was 0.5 +/- 0.8. Based on this study, we recommend that C. parvum should not be used as a pleural sclerosant in patients with normal pleura.
The consultation and the therapeutic illusion.
Authors: K B Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1978)

At 45 general-practice surgery sessions 200 patients in whom no definite diagnosis could be made were randomly selected for one of two procedures. Either they were given a symptomatic diagnosis and medications, or they were told that they had no evidence of disease and therefore they required no treatment. No difference in outcome was found between these two methods as judged by the return or not of the patient within one month and his statement that he did or did not get better.
Reduced serum free thyroxine concentration in postmenopausal women receiving oestrogen treatment.
Authors: H I Abdalla, D M Hart, G H Beastall
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Thyroid hormone state was assessed in a group of postmenopausal women who had received long term treatment with oestrogen. Serum concentrations of total thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine binding globulin were raised compared with those in a control group given placebo; serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone did not differ between the groups. Oestrogen treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the serum free thyroxine concentration and in the ratio of thyroxine to thyroxine binding globulin, which supports the view that oestrogen is the causative factor of the physiological reduction in free thyroid hormone during pregnancy.
How should Helicobacter pylori negative patients be managed?
Authors: V Stanghellini, C Tosetti, R De Giorgio, G Barbara, B Salvioli, R Corinaldesi
Journal: Gut (1999)

Dyspepsia is a digestive syndrome distinct from (although frequently overlapping with) gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is characterised by various combinations of painful and non-painful symptoms arising from the epigastrium.Dyspepsia can be secondary to a variety of diseases, but in most instances it is idiopathic.Helicobacter pylori infection is responsible for the majority of peptic ulcers and of other diseases potentially associated with dyspepsia.Nevertheless, a causal role for H pylori infection in symptom occurrence has not been established.Experimental data indicate that H pylori eradication does not improve symptoms in the majority of dyspeptic patients.It has been proposed recently that H pylori negative patients should be managed according to their clinical presentation.Some reports suggest that taking into consideration the most relevant or "predominant" symptom may help to identify distinct subgroups among dyspeptic patients with diVerent underlying pathophysiological abnormalities and diVerent responses to treatment.Well designed and conducted prospective studies are needed to verify whether treatment of H pylori negative dyspeptic patients based on the predominant symptom actually is a cost eVective approach.
Significance of myocardial alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in catecholamine-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Authors: W Zierhut, H G Zimmer
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The role of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in the development of catecholamine-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo was investigated. Rats received a constant intravenous infusion of norepinephrine or sodium chloride (control) for 3 days. The norepinephrine infusion was combined with the alpha-blocker prazosin, the beta-blocker metoprolol, or both blockers. For modulation of the work load of the heart, the calcium channel blocker verapamil was added to the norepinephrine infusion. A further group of animals was treated with the alpha-adrenergic stimulator norfenephrine, which also was combined with prazosin or verapamil. Norepinephrine induced significant increases in mean aortic pressure, left ventricular dP/dtmax, heart rate, and total peripheral resistance. The left ventricular weight/body weight ratio was significantly elevated and was accompanied by an increase in the RNA concentration and the RNA/DNA ratio. Prazosin as well as metoprolol partially antagonized the increase in left ventricular weight and RNA concentration, whereas simultaneous prazosin and metoprolol treatment prevented the norepinephrine-induced alterations. Although combination of norepinephrine with verapamil resulted in considerable reduction of all functional parameters, the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the elevated RNA/DNA ratio were not significantly influenced. Stimulation of alpha-receptors with norfenephrine elicited an increase in total peripheral resistance and in left ventricular weight, which was abolished by prazosin. Verapamil did not affect the norfenephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy, although it normalized essentially all functional parameters. Thus, the rapid development of cardiac hypertrophy in the norepinephrine model seems to be directly mediated by stimulation of myocardial alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors rather than by hemodynamic changes.
Extended Follow-up of Patients Treated with Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec) for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Relapse after Allogeneic Transplantation
Authors: Daniel J. DeAngelo, Ephraim P. Hochberg, Edwin P. Alyea, Janina Longtine, Stephanie Lee, Ilene Galinsky, Ben Parekkedon, Jerome Ritz, Joseph H. Antin, Richard M. Stone, Robert J. Soiffer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Over the last several years, donor lymphocyte infusions have become the standard approach for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Recent reports indicate that imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) can induce remissions in these patients as well. Less is known about the extent and durability of these responses.We studied 15 patients treated with imatinib for recurrent CML after SCT, 10 patients with stable phase CML (SP-CML), 1 with accelerated phase (AP-CML), and 4 with blast phase (BP-CML). The dose of imatinib was 600 mg (n = 10) or 400 mg (n = 5) daily. Patients were followed for hematological, cytogenetic, and molecular response. A susbset of responders was followed for changes in donor-derived hematopoietic chimerism.Of the 10 patients with SP-CML, all achieved a hematological response. Within 3 months, five of these patients had achieved a complete cytogenetic response (CCR). By six months, 9 of 10 patients had achieved CCR. The BCR-ABL transcript could not be detected by reverse transcription-PCR in 7 of these 9 patients. Patients who achieved CCR showed evidence of conversion to complete donor chimerism. No patient developed graft-versus-host disease. With a median follow up of 25 months, all patients are alive and 9 of 10 patients remain in CCR. Only one of the 5 patients with AP/BP-CML achieved a complete cytogenetic response.We find that imatinib is well tolerated in patients with SP-CML who relapse after SCT. Responses were rapid, durable, and associated with conversion to full donor chimerism without graft-versus-host disease. Imantinib was far less effective in patients who relapsed with AP/BP-CML. Imatinib should be evaluated as either an alternative or as an adjunct to donor lymphocyte infusions for patients with SP-CML who relapse after SCT.
Ethical Debate: Should doctors be more proactive as advocates for victims of violence?: The police surgeon’s view: Medical paternalism is unacceptable.
Authors: M A Knight
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Police surgeons are mostly general practitioners and they may see both the victims and the perpetrators of violent and sexual assaults.  In this article the issue whether doctors should be more proactive as advocates for victims of violence is discussed. It elaborates on Professor Shepherds views on reporting of violent offenses without the patients consent and the similarity between a possible legal and ethical framework for the reporting of assaults on adults and the work of area child protection committees.  Overall the author considered that encouraging patients to report injury is the right thing to do.  However many would take the view that to extend this principle to a point where doctors should be influential advocates for victims implies a degree of medical paternalism which would be unacceptable to most doctors.
Survival for Patients With Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma Among Ethnic Groups: The Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Treatment
Authors: Jason A. Zell, Pelin Cinar, Mehrdad Mobasher, Argyrios Ziogas, Frank L. Meyskens, Hoda Anton-Culver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Although uncommon, melanoma is associated with poor survival characteristics among African Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Low socioeconomic status (SES) is also associated with poor survival among patients with melanoma, but it is not known whether this is because of SES itself or because of treatment disparities. We set out to determine this by using the large, population-based California Cancer Registry (CCR) database as a model. Patients and Methods We conducted a case-only analysis of CCR data (1993 to 2003), including a descriptive analysis of relevant clinical variables and SES. The SES variable used has been derived from principle component analysis of census block-level CCR data that was linked to census data to address seven indicators of SES. Univariate analyses of overall survival (OS) were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs). Results A total of 39,049 incident patient cases of cutaneous melanoma, including 36,694 in NHWs; 127 in African Americans; 1,996 in Hispanics; and 262 in Asian-Americans, were analyzed. Higher SES was associated with an early stage at presentation (P &lt; .0001), with treatment with surgery (P = .0005), and with prolonged survival (P &lt; .0001). After adjustments for age, sex, histology, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, anatomic site, treatment, and SES, a statistically significant increased risk of death was observed for African Americans compared with NHWs (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.18); no survival differences were noted for Asians or Hispanics compared with NHWs in the adjusted analysis. Conclusion Low SES independently predicts poor outcome among patients with cutaneous melanoma. However, the poor OS observed for African American patients with melanoma is not explained by differences in treatment or SES.
P253Oxidative stress causes the release of a specific subset of proteins from viable cardiac myocytes
Authors: M Canton, R Menabo, A Carpi, F Di Lisa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: It is widely accepted that oxidative stress plays a major role in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to identify novel biomarkers that are released from cardiomyocytes upon oxidative stress before the onset of necrosis.